bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenetic and tectonic interpretation of strongly peraluminous granitic rocks and their significance in the Archean rock record
Authors: Frost Carol D. , Da Prat Fabio A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Strongly peraluminous granitic rocks (SPG), defined by an aluminum saturation index ≥1.1, become abundant in the rock record in the Neoarchean. This study identifies three different varieties of Neoarchean SPG in the Archean Wyoming Province, U.S.A. These include calcic SPG, represented by the Webb Canyon Gneiss and Bitch Creek Gneiss of the Teton Range; calc-alkalic to alkali-calcic suites composed entirely of SPG, including the Rocky Ridge garnet granite gneiss of the northern Laramie Mountains and the Bear Mountain granite in the Black Hills; and calc-alkalic to alkali-calcic suites that include both weakly and strongly peraluminous granitic rocks, such as the Mount Owen batholith, Wyoming batholith, and Bears Ears granite. Although the petrogenesis of all the SPG suites involves partial melting of crustal sources, the composition of those sources, the melting conditions, and the tectonic settings vary. The calcic suites originate by dehydration melting or water excess melting of hornblende-plagioclase rocks at relatively high temperature. The suites composed entirely of SPG formed by partial melting of metasedimentary rocks by reactions involving muscovite at lower temperatures. Suites with both weakly and strongly peraluminous granite may form by partial melting of metasedimentary rocks by reactions involving biotite or by assimilation of aluminous melts of felsic crust by differentiated calc-alkalic magma. Most of the Wyoming SPG appear to have formed in collisional orogens, but SPG of the Wyoming batholith and Bears Ears granite are associated with continental arc magmatism. The appearance of SPG in the Neoarchean rock record marks the time when subduction enabled the formation of strong, thick, increasingly felsic continental crust, which in turn allowed the development of a mature, clastic sedimentary cover. Lateral movement of crustal blocks led to collisional orogeny, SPG magma genesis, and the formation of the first supercontinents.
Shear Bond Strength and Optical Properties of Resin Composite - Layered Provisional Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
Authors: Aksornmuang Juthatip , Tiangtrong Juckrapun 
Published: April 2021

Aims:To compare the shear bond strength between resin composite and Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with various bonding protocols and to evaluate the optical properties of resin composite - layered provisional Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).Materials and Methods:Eighty cylindrical shape specimens were fabricated from self-polymerized provisional Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and they were randomly divided into eight groups. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was mixed and bonded onto the specimens as a positive control group. Resin composite was bonded to MMA-wetted surface without bonding agent as a negative control group. All remaining groups were bonded to resin composite using different bonding agents (Scothbond Universal, Luxatemp glaze&bond, and HC Primer) with and without MMA wetting. Shear bond strength testing was performed using a universal testing machine. Various shades of 0.5 mm-thick resin composites were layered onto 1.5 mm-thick PMMA both light and dark shade, with the most effective bonding protocol. Color differences between resin composite and – layered provisional Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were measured using Spectrophotometer.Results:Bonding resin composite onto Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using luxatemp glaze, bond and HC Primer without methyl methacrylate wetting provided statistically significantly lower bond strength than those of the MMA-wetted Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface. The highest shear bond strength was achieved with the application of Scothbond Universal Adhesive regardless of MMA wetting. The colors of resin composite - layered provisional Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were different from the original resin composite color with ΔE results greater than the acceptable threshold (>3.7).Conclusion:Resin composites were able to effectively bond to the MMA-wetted Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface with the application of a tested bonding agent. Layering Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with 0.5 mm-thick resin composite could not modify the Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shade to the original resin composite color.
The Role of MicroRNAs (miRNA 155, miRNA-146b) and Procalcitonin as Novel Markers for the Diagnosis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Authors: El-Hassib Dalia M. A. , Abo-elmatty Dina M. , Mesbah Noha M. , Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Bastawisy Shorouk A. , E. Doaa , Hassan Ayat S.E.M. , Zahran Fawkia E. , Abdelghany Reda S. , Siddik Reham I. , Abdel-Hamed Asmaa R. 
Published: April 2021

Background:MircoRNAs are endogenous, small non-coding RNA molecules that have been recognized as important modulators of gene expression. MicroRNA is considered one of the potential biomarkers of infection and inflammation. Our study aims to identify the potential role of miRNA-155, miRNA-146b, and Procalcitonin (PCT) in the early detection of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic liver patients. miRNA-155 and 146b are molecular biomarkers , while procalcitonin is a serum marker in ascites patients complicated with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) .Methods:This study was conducted on 199 patients, 101 of them have ascites complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and 98 patients without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (control group). Ascitic fluid samples were collected from patients with SBP undergoing paracentesis at National Hepatology Institute in Egypt. MicroRNAs were determined in the serum using qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction), while procalcitonin has been assessed in serum samples using ELISA (Enzyme-linked immune assay) technique.Results:Serum levels of miRNA-146b & miRNA-155 were significantly higher (p<0.001) in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis patients (79.2% and 97.0% respectively) than ascites patients (17.3% and 7.1%, respectively). Furthermore, the serum level of procalcitonin was significantly higher (p<0.001) in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis patients than that in ascites patients (68.3% and 27.6%, respectively).Conclusion:miRNA-155, miRNA-146b and procalcitonin can be used as early markers for the detection of SBP in hepatic patients with ascites.
Machine Learning–Driven Models to Predict Prognostic Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure Using Electronic Health Records: Retrospective Study
Authors: Lv Haichen , Yang Xiaolei , Wang Bingyi , Wang Shaobo , Du Xiaoyan , Tan Qian , Hao Zhujing , Liu Ying , Yan Jun , Xia Yunlong 
Published: April 2021

Background
With the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases increasing worldwide, early prediction and accurate assessment of heart failure (HF) risk are crucial to meet the clinical demand.

Objective
Our study objective was to develop machine learning (ML) models based on real-world electronic health records to predict 1-year in-hospital mortality, use of positive inotropic agents, and 1-year all-cause readmission rate.

Methods
For this single-center study, we recruited patients with newly diagnosed HF hospitalized between December 2010 and August 2018 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Liaoning Province, China). The models were constructed for a population set (90:10 split of data set into training and test sets) using 79 variables during the first hospitalization. Logistic regression, support vector machine, artificial neural network, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting models were investigated for outcome predictions.

Results
Of the 13,602 patients with HF enrolled in the study, 537 (3.95%) died within 1 year and 2779 patients (20.43%) had a history of use of positive inotropic agents. ML algorithms improved the performance of predictive models for 1-year in-hospital mortality (areas under the curve [AUCs] 0.92-1.00), use of positive inotropic medication (AUCs 0.85-0.96), and 1-year readmission rates (AUCs 0.63-0.96). A decision tree of mortality risk was created and stratified by single variables at levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (<0.068 μg/L), followed by percentage of lymphocytes (<14.688%) and neutrophil count (4.870×109/L).

Conclusions
ML techniques based on a large scale of clinical variables can improve outcome predictions for patients with HF. The mortality decision tree may contribute to guiding better clinical risk assessment and decision making.
Home Telemonitoring of Arterial Hypertension With Antihypertensive Treatment Titration: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Prospective Trial (HOROSCOPE Study)
Authors: Ben Hafaiedh Sonia , Ben Daya Yosra , Radoui Amina Hadjer , Bouchoucha Mohamed , Razgallah Rabie , Nouira Semir 
Published: April 2021

Background
Despite the availability of effective treatment, the control of hypertension remains insufficient. Telemonitoring in the management of hypertension would be an effective way to improve blood pressure control.

Objective
The aim of our study will be to evaluate the effects of telemonitoring with antihypertensive treatment titration on blood pressure control in Tunisian patients with hypertension.

Methods
Our trial will be a prospective, rater-blinded randomized controlled trial carried out with primary care physicians in the Sahel region of Tunisia. Patients will be eligible for enrollment if they are aged over 35 years, are newly diagnosed with hypertension, or are known to be poorly controlled on antihypertensive therapy. Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the telemonitoring arm or usual care arm. The telemonitoring arm will involve a weekly telephone call for the collection of the home blood pressure measurements, therapeutic education, and treatment compliance assessment as well as a monthly call for treatment titration and a side effect check. Randomization will be done via the use of an interactive web responsive system, and patients will be stratified by investigation center. Neither participants nor investigators will be masked to the group assignments. The primary outcome will be the change in mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure from baseline to the 6-month follow-up in the 2 groups. All randomized patients who attend the follow-up visit at 6 months and have no missing data for the primary outcome will be included in the analysis.

Results
Recruitment to the trial started in July 2020. The study was initiated with 17 primary care physicians. We expect the inclusion period to last for approximately 6 months. We expect to complete data collection by the end of 2021 and plan to disseminate the results subsequently.

Conclusions
The HOROSCOPE (Home Telemonitoring of Arterial Hypertension With Antihypertensive Treatment Titration: Randomized Controlled Prospective Trial) study will provide important new evidence that could shed some light on the feasibility and impact of telemonitoring and self-monitoring in a Tunisian population of patients with hypertension who consult primary care physicians.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04607239; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04607239

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/26184
A Novel Metric to Quantify the Effect of Pathway Enrichment Evaluation With Respect to Biomedical Text-Mined Terms: Development and Feasibility Study
Authors: Qin Xuan , Yao Xinzhi , Xia Jingbo 
Published: April 2021

Background
Natural language processing has long been applied in various applications for biomedical knowledge inference and discovery. Enrichment analysis based on named entity recognition is a classic application for inferring enriched associations in terms of specific biomedical entities such as gene, chemical, and mutation.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pathway enrichment evaluation with respect to biomedical text-mining results and to develop a novel metric to quantify the effect.

Methods
Four biomedical text mining methods were selected to represent natural language processing methods on drug-related gene mining. Subsequently, a pathway enrichment experiment was performed by using the mined genes, and a series of inverse pathway frequency (IPF) metrics was proposed accordingly to evaluate the effect of pathway enrichment. Thereafter, 7 IPF metrics and traditional P value metrics were compared in simulation experiments to test the robustness of the proposed metrics.

Results
IPF metrics were evaluated in a case study of rapamycin-related gene set. By applying the best IPF metrics in a pathway enrichment simulation test, a novel discovery of drug efficacy of rapamycin for breast cancer was replicated from the data chosen prior to the year 2000. Our findings show the effectiveness of the best IPF metric in support of knowledge discovery in new drug use. Further, the mechanism underlying the drug-disease association was visualized by Cytoscape.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest the effectiveness of the proposed IPF metrics in pathway enrichment evaluation as well as its application in drug use discovery.
Изменения функционального состава тромбоцитов у пациентов с политравмой
Authors: Vyshynska M.B. 
Published: April 2021

Акутальность. Политравма остается главной причиной глобальной заболеваемости и смертности и является причиной более 10 % смертей. Цель: изучить данные литературы об изменениях показателей сосудисто-тромбоцитарного гемостаза у пациентов с политравмой, исследовать динамику морфофункционального состояния тромбоцитов, проанализировать изменения показателей внутрисосудистой активации тромбоцитов у пациента с политравмой. Результаты. Для нормального свертывания крови нужны как минимум 4 компонента — кровеносные сосуды, тромбоциты, способность крови к свертыванию и фибринолиз. Определение таких компонентов, как показатели внутрисосудистой активации тромбоцитов, может стать важным шагом оценки нарушений тромбоцитарного звена гемостаза у пациентов с политравмой. Сосудисто-тромбоцитарный гемостаз начинается рефлекторным первичным спазмом артериол, после чего возникает вторичный спазм артериол, дальше образуется первичная тромбоцитарная пробка (адгезия и агрегация) и, соответственно, консолидация тромба, в результате чего формируется окончательный тромбоцитарный тромб. Еще до контакта тромбоцитов с обнаженным коллагеном происходит первичная активация тромбоцитов. Сначала меняется форма интактных тромбоцитов с дискоидной формы к активированым клеткам — дискоэхиноцитам, сфероцитам и/или сфероэхиноцитам. Нами установлено, что на 3-и сутки после травмы при нормальном количестве тромбоцитов в венозной крови уменьшается количество интактных тромбоцитов — дискоцитов, растет количество активных форм тромбоцитов — дискоэхиноцитов и сфероэхиноцитов, соответственно, растет общая сумма активных форм тромбоцитов. Нормальный уровень тромбоцитов у пациентов с политравмой может замаскировать выраженность коагулопатии, а проведение исследований показателей внутрисосудистой активации тромбоцитов может стать диагностическим компонентом сосудисто-тромбоцитарного звена гемостаза у пациентов с политравмой. Выводы. У пациентов с коагулопатией вследствие политравмы на 3 сутки наблюдаются изменения показателей внутрисосудистой активации тромбоцитов и агрегации тромбоцитов, индуцированной адреналином и АДФ.
Улучшение исходов ишемического инсульта у пациентов с высоким уровнем свободного трийодтиронина по сравнению с пациентами с гипо- и эутиреозом
Authors: Filimonov D.O. , Yevtushenko I.A. 
Published: April 2021

Актуальность. Известно, что дисфункция щитовидной железы ассоциирована с повышенным риском развития цереброваскулярных заболеваний. Однако накопленные в течение последних лет экспериментальные данные свидетельствуют о том, что гормоны щитовидной железы могут иметь определенные нейропротекторные эффекты. Цель исследования: определить взаимосвязь между уровнем свободного трийодтиронина в дебюте острого ишемического инсульта и функциональным исходом инсульта через 6 месяцев. Материалы и методы. В исследование был включен 121 пациент с впервые развившимся острым ишемическим инсультом. Концентрации свободного трийодтиронина (свT3), свободного тироксина (свT4), тиреотропного гормона и наличие базисных факторов риска инсульта оценивались в течение 24 часов с момента появления симптомов. Неврологический дефицит оценивался по Скандинавской шкале инсульта (SSS). Неблагоприятный функциональный исход определялся как показатель mRs ≥ 3 баллов через 6 месяцев после перенесенного инсульта. Результаты. Тест ANOVA показал, что пациенты с уровнем свT3 в 4-м квартиле (≥ 5,35 пмоль/л) имели значительно более тяжелый неврологический дефицит по сравнению с пациентами с уровнем свТ3 во 2–3-м квартилях (медиана SSS 48 баллов против 37 баллов, p = 0,0481) и особенно по сравнению с пациентами с уровнем свТ3 в 1-м квартиле (≤ 3,4050 пмоль/л, медиана SSS 48 против 30, p = 0,0018). Согласно тесту Краскала — Уоллиса, пациенты с уровнем свободного Т3 выше 75-го процентиля имели более благоприятный функциональный исход со средним значением по модифицированной шкале Рэнкина 2,5 балла по сравнению с пациентами с уровнем свT3 в 25–75-м процентилях (со средним значением по модифицированной шкале Рэнкина 4 балла). Результаты анализа пробит-регрессии свидетельствуют о дозозависимом влиянии уровня свT3 на вероятность благоприятного исхода инсульта. Уровень свободного Т3 6,56 пмоль/л был связан с 50% вероятностью благоприятного исхода, а уровень свободного Т3 выше 8,67 пмоль/л был ассоциирован с 75% вероятностью благоприятного исхода инсульта. Выводы. Исследование показало, что пациенты с высоким уровнем свободного трийодтиронина при дебюте ишемического инсульта имеют более благоприятный функциональный исход, даже по сравнению с пациентами с нормальным уровнем свободного Т3. Более высокие уровни свободного трийодтиронина также ассоциируются с менее тяжелым неврологическим дефицитом в острой фазе. Выявлено дозозависимое влияние уровня свободного трийодтиронина на вероятность благоприятного исхода инсульта. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что тиреоидный профиль является не только фактором, влияющим на течение ишемического инсульта, но и потенциальной мишенью для терапевтической коррекции.
How to Set Up a Perioperative BNP/NTproBNP and Troponin Screening Program
Authors: Sloan Erin N. , Morley Erin E. 
Published: April 2021

Key Learning Points1. Review the rationale and evidence to support the use of perioperative biomarkers (BNP/NTproBNP and troponin)2. Explore three unique models for integrating perioperative biomarkers into practice3. Apply guiding principles to perform a site-specific assessment of the current approach to perioperative risk assessment and review strategies on how to initiate implementation of a perioperative biomarker screening program4. Understand commonly faced challenges, and proposed solutions, for implementing a perioperative biomarker screening program5. Appreciate the potential role for a shared-care model to facilitate perioperative biomarkers screening and management

Points à retenir1. Examiner la justification et les données probantes à l’appui de l’utilisation de biomarqueurs périopératoires (BNP/NTproBNP et troponine).2. Explorer trois modèles uniques pour l’intégration de biomarqueurs périopératoires dans la pratique.3. Appliquer des principes directeurs pour réaliser une évaluation propre au site de l’approche actuelle en matière d’évaluation des risques périopératoires et examiner les stratégies sur la manière d’entreprendre la mise en œuvre d’un programme de dépistage périopératoire de biomarqueurs.4. Comprendre les défis couramment affrontés et les solutions proposées pour la mise en œuvre d’unprogramme de dépistage périopératoire de biomarqueurs. 5. Prendre la mesure du rôle potentiel d’un modèle departage des soins pour faciliter le dépistage et la prise en charge de biomarqueurs périopératoires.
PREVALENCE, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND PREDICTORS OF OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PATIENTS.
Authors: Bitar Ahmad Naoras , Khan Amer Hayat , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed , Ali Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder 
Published: April 2021

The link between COPD and osteoporosis is unclear and yet to be
understood. This study aimed at detecting the prevalence and investigate
the predictors for low bone mineral density among COPD patients and
tested a new risk assessment tool for the early screening of
osteoporosis among COPD patients.
This study is a longitudinal observational study conducted from
June-2019 until December-2020 at a tertiary care setting in Penang,
Malaysia. Follow-ups were arranged every six months. During the
study, patients’ BMD was checked every visit, and the subjects’
pulmonary parameters were recorded, including; mMRC dyspnea scores, CAT
scores, spirometry results, exacerbations history, and
SpO%. Furthermore, a novel risk assessment tool was
validated in this study, and logistic regression was conducted to find
low BMD predictors among COPD patients.
Based on T-score, more than 50% of subjects were osteoporotic based.
The overall mean±SD for patients’ age was 65.4±10.04. The overall
mean±SD for patients’ BMI was 23.32±5.43. Both FEV1% predicted, and
FEV/FVC was significantly lower among osteoporotic subjects, and lower
mMRC stages were observed among non-osteoporotic patients. For the novel
risk assessment tool, a cutoff point of 34 made the optimum balance
between sensitivity and specificity (0.867 and 0.087, respectively) with
an AUC of 0.934. Furthermore, severe COPD patients were four times at
higher risk of getting osteoporosis, FEV% predicted, and FEV/FVC was
inversely related to the risk of osteoporosis. Patients with severe
dyspnea had twice the risk of getting osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis was prevalent among COPD patients. For a screening tool,
the risk assessment tool showed good sensitivity and precision in
detecting osteoporotic subjects among COPD patients. Severe COPD
patients were significantly at higher risk of getting osteoporosis.
A MÚSICA ENQUANTO INSTRUMENTO DE ABORDAGEM DO PENSAMENTO FILOSÓFICO: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE TRABALHO EM ADORNO, HORKHEIMER E ARENDT COM ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Camilo Merielle , Danhoni Neves Marcos Cesar , Marcos Beloni Belmiro , Dutra Alessandra 
Published: April 2021

Historicamente, a música é uma construção humana da subjetividade e criatividade dos indivíduos e, ao mesmo tempo, uma construção da identidade de grupo. A música revela ansiedades, modo de ser e desejos de uma sociedade, entre outros. Analisar as letras de músicas é desvendar um universo dentro de uma comunidade em determinado contexto. No presente trabalho, os alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio foram instigados a analisarem músicas de diversos gêneros musicais, escolhidas a critério deles mesmos, com as temáticas: racismo, xenofobia, homofobia, misoginia e feminicídio. Objetivou-se explicitar as relações entre as letras de músicas conhecidas e como a mensagem reproduzida é introjetada e normalizada pelos ouvintes, não importando o discurso excludente ou opressor destas. Os participantes, após o processo de escolha, puderam discutir os conceitos de indústria cultural, propaganda, cultura de massas (Escola de Frankfurt) e a banalização da maldade (Hannah Arendt), com resultado surpreendente do interesse dos alunos e ampliação de seu senso crítico em relação ao mundo ao seu redor.