bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation of Mainland India: Copula‐based bias‐corrected daily CORDEX climate data for both mean and extreme values
Authors: Suman Mayank , Maity Rajib , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChanges in mean and extreme precipitation characteristics with changing climate may lead to an increase in frequency of hydrological extremes. For studying the impacts of the changing climate on hydrological systems, General Circulation Model (GCM)/Regional Climate Model (RCM) simulated precipitation are used. However, these products should be bias‐corrected before used in hydrological simulations to predict hydrological extremes. Most of the existing bias‐correction techniques suffer from either of two limitations – (a) they only reduce bias in selected precipitation quantile (either mean or extreme values), and/or (b) they exclude zero values from the analysis, even though their presence is significant in daily precipitation. In this study, a stochastic copula‐based bias‐correction method (Maity et al., J. Hydrometeorol., 20, 2019, 595), henceforth RMPH method, is used that corrects the bias in any quantile (mean and/or extreme values) of daily precipitation including zero values. The RMPH method is applied across Indian mainland to correct bias in simulated precipitation from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). Due to diverse climatic conditions across India, the quality of bias‐corrected precipitation is studied separately for different meteorologically homogenous regions of the country. Despite non‐uniform distribution of raingauge stations for observed precipitation, the superiority of the bias‐corrected precipitation (from RMPH method) in correcting bias and retaining the seasonal variation across the country is evident when compared with tradition bias‐correction approach like quantile mapping. The new bias‐corrected precipitation dataset developed is particularly suited for hydrological simulations, formulating extreme event mitigation strategies and climate change adaptation strategies.
Reduced anterior hippocampal and ventromedial prefrontal activity when repeatedly retrieving autobiographical memories
Authors: Gurguryan Lauri , Rioux Mathilde , Sheldon Signy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch has reported that repeatedly retrieving a novel or imagined event representation reduces activity within brain regions critical for constructing mental scenarios, namely the anterior hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). The primary aim of this investigation was to test if this pattern reported for imagined events would be found when repeatedly recollecting autobiographical memories. Twenty‐four participants retrieved 12 pre‐selected autobiographical memories four times while undergoing an fMRI scan. We used a region of interest approach to investigate how the anterior and posterior hippocampus as well as cortical regions critical for memory retrieval—the vmPFC and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)—are affected by repeated retrievals. This analysis revealed an effect in the bilateral anterior hippocampi and vmPFC, but not the posterior hippocampus nor the PCC, with activity decreasing in these regions as a function of repeated retrievals. A multivariate analytic approach (Partial Least Squares) was used to assess whole‐brain patterns of neural activity associated with repeated retrievals. This analysis revealed one pattern of neural activity associated with the initial retrieval of a memory (e.g., inferior frontal and temporal lobe regions) and a separate pattern of activity associated with later retrievals that was distributed primarily across the lateral parietal cortices. These findings suggest that the anterior hippocampus and the vmPFC support the episodic construction of an autobiographical memory the first time it is retrieved and that alternate nonconstructive processes support its subsequent retrieval shortly thereafter.
Ambulance clinician perspectives of disparity in prehospital child pain management: A mixed methods study
Authors: Whitley Gregory Adam , Hemingway Pippa , Law Graham Richard , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhen children suffer acute pain, the ambulance service is often involved to provide initial assessment, treatment, and transport. Several predictors of effective pain management have been identified, including children who are younger (0‐5 years), administered analgesics, and living in homes from more affluent areas.ObjectiveTo explain previously identified predictors of effective prehospital pain management in children.DesignMixed methods sequential explanatory study.Setting and participantsEast Midlands Ambulance Service National Health Service Trust paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) participated in face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. These were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using thematic analysis. Meta‐inferences were generated and illustrated within a joint display.ResultsTwelve clinicians (9 paramedics and 3 EMTs) were interviewed. Median (interquartile range) age was 43.5 years (41.5, 45.75), 58% were male (n = 7) and 58% were parents (n = 7). Possible explanations were provided for all predictors. Younger children were perceived to express more emotion, were easier to distract, and lived more in the moment than their older counterparts, which explained why younger children were more likely to achieve effective pain management. Analgesics were perceived to have a psychosocial benefit in addition to the pharmacological action. Ambulance clinicians felt that children living in more affluent areas were more likely to achieve effective pain management because the kempt environment facilitated assessment and management and clinicians spent more time on scene; this allowed more time for analgesics to take effect. Participants perceived paramedics to be more confident, and it was found that paramedics were older, more experienced, had a greater scope of practice, and spent more time on scene than EMTs.ConclusionPrehospital pain management in children could be improved by facilitating and prioritizing analgesic administration and by ambulance services ensuring a paramedic, or highly trained clinician, is present on each vehicle, necessitating long‐term commitment to staff development.
Herkinorin negatively regulates NLRP3 inflammasome to alleviate neuronal ischemic injury through activating Mu opioid receptor and inhibiting the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Cui Xu , Xu Xin , Ju Zhihai , Wang Guyan , Xi Chunhua , Li Junfa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerkinorin is a novel opioid receptor agonist. Activation of opioid receptors, a member of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), may play an important role in Herkinorin neuroprotection. GPCRs may modulate NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)‐mediated inflammatory responses in the mechanisms of inflammation‐associated disease and pathological processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of Herkinorin on NLRP3 and the underlying receptor and molecular mechanisms in oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)‐treated rat cortex neurons. First, Western blot analysis showed that Herkinorin can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 and Caspase‐1, decrease the expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, and decrease the secretion of IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor α detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in OGD/R‐treated neurons. Then we found that Herkinorin downregulated NLRP3 levels by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway, reducing the phosphorylation level of p65 and IκBα in OGD/R‐treated neurons (p < .05 or .01, n = 3 per group). Instead, both the mu opioid receptor (MOR) inhibitor, β‐funaltrexamine, and MOR knockdown reversed the effects of Herkinorin on NLRP3 (p < .05 or .01, n = 3 per group). Further, we found that the level of β‐arrestin2 decreased in the cell membrane and increased in the cytoplasm after Herkinorin pretreatment in OGD/R‐treated neurons. In co‐immunoprecipitation experiments, Herkinorin increased the binding of IκBα with β‐arrestin2, decreased the ubiquitination level of IκBα, and β‐arrestin2 knockdown reversed the effects of Herkinorin on IκBα in OGD/R‐treated neurons (p < .05 or .01, n = 3 per group). Our data demonstrated that Herkinorin negatively regulated NLRP3 inflammasome to alleviate neuronal ischemic injury through inhibiting NF‐κB pathway mediated primarily by MOR activation. Inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway by Herkinorin may be achieved by decreasing the ubiquitination level of IκBα, in which β‐arrestin2 may play an important role.
Morphology and closing mechanism of the mandibular gland orifice in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Richter Adrian , Schoeters Eric , Billen Johan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe mandibular gland of ants releases chemical compounds with functions ranging from nestmate alarm and recognition to antimicrobial defense. While the morphology of this ethologically important gland is well investigated in several species, the mechanism of secretion release in ants was not explicitly addressed so far. To clarify this question, we examined the anatomy of the gland orifice in ant species from 14 different subfamilies employing different techniques. The orifice close to the mandibular base is located on an area called mandalus. Our investigations revealed variation in mandalar shape, with clear trends in different subfamilies. By contrast, the internal organization is remarkably congruent across all investigated species. The thin external mandalar cuticle is always connected to the mandibular gland duct by a cuticular lamella, visible as a characteristic anchor‐shaped structure in cross section. The slit‐like gland orifice at the distal end of the mandalus is usually crescent‐shaped. In some ant species with specialized mandibles such as trap‐jaws, the organization of the orifice area is adapted to the mandibular shape, but always retains the general internal organization. No muscles were found in association with the orifice, nor with any other part of the mandibular gland. However, the base of the mandalus is connected to the prepharyngeal sucking pump by a cuticular ligament. Additionally, it is continuous with the conjunctiva connecting the mandible to the head capsule. We propose that retraction of the sucking pump by the muscle M. tentoriobuccalis, potentially in concert with opening of the mandible, stretches out the ligament and thus pulls on the mandalus and mandalar lamella to open the gland orifice and allow for secretion release. This hypothesis is congruent with findings on other aculeate Hymenoptera and expands our knowledge on the function of an important gland of ants.
Bioactivity‐guided separation of antifungal compounds by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Zhidong , Dai Zhuoshun , Jiang Dasen , Dai Yingping , Jin Yu , Fu Qing , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBioactivity‐guided chromatographic methods are of great significance for the isolation of the active compounds in complex samples. In this study, four anti‐fungal compounds were located by activity screening and successfully isolated from a microbial fermentation sample by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. Separation performance of columns including C18, positively charged C18, negatively charged C18 and C8 were firstly investigated. And it showed a better capacity of mixed‐mode stationary phases for retention and separation. Therefore, the positively charged C18 column was used to separate the sample into several fractions, among which the active one was identified by the antifungal test. And then the active fraction was enriched and separated again by successively using the negatively charged C18 and C8 columns to obtain four compounds, which were identified as polyoxins A, K, F and H. With activity verification, four polyoxins were found to have good inhibitory effects against the three fungal plant diseases including rice sheath blight, tomato grey mould disease, and apple spot leaf disease.
Parallel and antiparallel peptide double β‐helices controlled by metal‐induced folding and assembly
Authors: Sawada Tomohisa , Iwasaki Wataru , Yamagami Motoya , Fujita Makoto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractShort peptides with sequences of alternating l‐ and d‐residues are known to form antiparallel double β‐helical structures, but their equilibrium structures have not been characterized in detail. Here, we use metal coordination of a simple octapeptide, ‐(l‐Val‐d‐Val)4‐, modified with two coordinating side chains at the (i, j)‐th residues to uncover these elusive structures. When (i, j) = (3, 5), complexation with ZnI2 induces a parallel double β‐helix, which is not commonly seen. In contrast, when (i, j) = (5, 7), a commonly occurring antiparallel double β‐helix (Type I) is formed. Interestingly, complexation of the peptide with (i, j) = (3, 7) gives another antiparallel double β‐helix, the unknown Type II structure, which has an inverted orientation of the two strands. Complexation of a monotopic peptide (i = 3) with trans‐PdCl2 yields a Pd(II)‐linked dimeric bundle of two antiparallel β‐helices. These results demonstrate that metal coordination can induce even as‐yet unrecognized structures in the folding and assembly pathways of short peptides.Key points
Structural elucidation of elusive peptide nanostructures
Precise structural control of double helical molecules
Fusion of peptide folding and metal‐directed self‐assembly
Working alliance and attachment orientations in the patient‐oncologist relationship
Authors: Henny Amir , Sivan Levi , Gil Goldzweig , Michal Braun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveAccumulating research suggests that the working alliance (WA) is a key component in the patient–oncologist relationship. Attachment theory provides a useful framework for understanding this alliance within the oncological setting, where patients' attachment systems are often activated. This study examined the association between attachment orientations of both dyad members (i.e., patient and oncologist) and patients' WA experience. It also probed whether this link was mediated by patients' attachment‐related attitudes towards the oncologist, using a recently developed measure.MethodOncologists and their respective patients (N = 113: 103 patients, 10 oncologists) were sampled at oncological clinics. Eligible patients filled out online measures of the WA, attachment‐related attitudes, and attachment orientations. The later was also completed by oncologists.ResultsStructural equation modeling demonstrated that both patients' and oncologists' avoidant attachment orientation inversely predicted patients' WA experience, via patients' experience of feeling unsupported by their oncologists.ConclusionsFindings suggest that attributes of both members of the patient–oncologist dyad are related to patients' WA experience, and that attachment‐related attitudes towards oncologists occur within this relationship. Oncologists' understanding of patients' unique attachment behaviors, as well as their own such behaviors, could improve cancer patients' quality of care and illness outcomes. Results represent another step forward in fully exploring whether oncologists can serve as attachment figures for their patients.
Central airway issues in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Hysinger Erik B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile there is a very large focus on the abnormalities of parenchymal lung development and extensive efforts to minimize alveolar damage with “gentle ventilation” and noninvasive respiratory support for neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), there is relatively little consideration for the implications of central airway disease in this patient population. There are significant changes in the structure and conformation of the central airway during the last half of gestation, and premature birth disrupts this natural developmental process. The arrest of maturation results in a smaller airway that is more compliant, easier to deform, and more susceptible to damage. Consequently, neonates with BPD are prone to developing central airway pathology, particularly for patients who require intubation and positive pressure ventilation. Central airway disease can be divided into dynamic and fixed airway obstruction and results in increased respiratory morbidity in neonates with chronic lung disease of prematurity.
Sex‐related differences in cognitive trajectories in older individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity
Authors: Espeland Mark A. , Yassine Hussein , Hayden Kathleen D. , Hugenschmidt Christina , Bennett Wendy L. , Chao Ariana , Neiberg Rebecca , Kahn Steven E. , Luchsinger José A. ,   for the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Research Group
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionIt is unknown whether rates of cognitive decline differ between older women and men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity.MethodsTwo to four cognitive assessments were obtained across up to 10 years from 2799 adults (mean age 68 years; 62% women) with T2D who had been enrolled in a clinical trial of weight loss intervention. Sex‐related differences in means and rates of decline of cognitive scores were assessed.ResultsWomen outperformed men in verbal learning and processing speed (P < 0.001), but not executive function (P = 0.22). The rates of decline over time for women and men were similar (P ≥ 0.10); however women, but not men, with apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 alleles had steeper declines in verbal learning (P = 0.02) and processing speed (P = 0.007) than those without these alleles.DiscussionCognitive advantages for women with T2D and overweight/obesity over men are preserved as they age; however, these are eroded by the APOE ε4 genotype.
Application of zeolitic imidazolate framework for hexavalent chromium removal: A feasibility and mechanism study
Authors: Ou Jiun‐Hau , Sheu Yih‐Terng , Chang Bor Kae , Verpoort Francis , Surampalli Rao Y. , Kao Chih‐Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe mechanisms and effectiveness of using zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) [a sub‐family of metal‐organic framework (MOF)] particles on hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] removal were evaluated. The ultrasonic mixing method was applied for the preparation of ZIF‐8, and chemicals used for ZIF‐8 synthesis included ammonium hydroxide, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, and 2‐methylimidazole. ZIF‐8 particle had a clear rhombic dodecahedron morphology shape and a strong peak intensity with high crystallinity. The adsorption capacity (AC) of ZIF‐8 was 30.3 mg of Cr(VI)/g of ZIF‐8 [Cr(VI) = 50 mg/L]. The AC of Cr(VI) raised to 34.3 mg/g under acidic conditions (pH = 5), and the AC dropped to below 13.7 mg/g with a pH range from 7 to 11. It could be because of the competitive effects between CrO42− and hydroxide ions for adsorption locations of ZIF‐8. Cr(VI) removal relied on the amount of Cr(VI) adsorbed on the particles of ZIF‐8, and the mechanisms of Cr(VI) adsorption by ZIF‐8 included chemical/physical processes and the rate‐limiting step was the chemical adsorption. A fraction of sorbed Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), and thus, ZIF‐8 could serve as a reducing agent during Cr(VI) reduction. Cr(VI) was removed effectively from the water phase by ZIF‐8 via adsorption and reduction mechanisms.Practitioner Points

ZIF‐8 particles had an adsorption capacity of 30.33 mg of Cr(VI)/g of ZIF‐8.
Cr(VI) sorption by ZIF‐8 has chemical (rate‐limiting step) and physical processes.
ZIF‐8 can serve as a reducing agent for Cr(VI) reduction.
Cr(VI) can be removed by ZIF‐8 via the adsorption and reduction mechanisms.
Top-quark mass determination from t-channel single top production at the LHC
Authors: Gao Mei Sen , Yuan Shu Run , Gao Jun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the determination of the top-quark mass using leptonic observables in t-channel single top-quark production at the LHC. We demonstrate sensitivity of transverse momentum of the charged lepton on the input top-quark mass. We present predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD with narrow width approximation and structure function approach. Further corrections due to parton shower and hadronization, non-resonant and non-factorized contributions are discussed. To reduce impact of SM backgrounds we propose to use the charge weighted distribution for the measurement, i.e., differences between distributions of charged lepton with positive and negative charges. By modeling both signal and background processes, we found the projections for (HL-)LHC to be promising, with a total theoretical uncertainty on the extracted top-quark mass of about 1 ∼ 2 GeV.
Evidenzbasierung in Primärprävention und Gesundheitsförderung: Methoden und Vorgehensweisen in 5 Forschungsverbünden
Authors: Brandes Mirko , Muellmann Saskia , Allweiss Theresa , Bauer Ulrich , Bethmann Andreas , Forberger Sarah , Frense Jennifer , Gelius Peter , Pfeifer Klaus , Okan Orkan , Renner Britta , Schupp Harald , Wright Michael , Zeeb Hajo 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungVon 2014 bis 2022 erforschen die 5 deutschen Forschungsverbünde AEQUIPA, CAPITAL4HEALTH, HLCA, PartKommPlus und SMARTACT Themen der Primärprävention und Gesundheitsförderung mit dem Ziel, die Evidenzgrundlagen in diesen Bereichen weiterzuentwickeln. In diesem Beitrag wird die Arbeit der 5 Forschungsverbünde für Primärprävention und Gesundheitsförderung unter dem Aspekt der Evidenzbasierung aus der internen Perspektive vorgestellt, analysiert und diskutiert. Als orientierender Rahmen dient ein Modell der evidenzbasierten Public Health.Die 5 Forschungsverbünde nutzen für die Evidenzgenerierung vielfältige Zugangswege bzgl. der Beteiligung nichtakademischer, zivilgesellschaftlicher Akteur*innen und Nutzer*innen. Es finden sich vielfältige Studiendesigns, die von randomisiert kontrollierten Studien und systematischen Reviews zu diversen qualitativen Designs reichen. Die Nutzung von Modellen und Theorien unterstützt die Evidenzbasierung. Über die Evidenzentwicklung hinaus legen alle Verbünde einen Schwerpunkt auf die zumindest exemplarische Implementierung des neuen Wissens.Durch die Methodenvielfalt kann eine breit gefächerte Evidenzbasierung unter Berücksichtigung verbundspezifischer Aspekte realisiert werden. Grenzen für eine weitere systematische Stärkung der Evidenzbasierung liegen in strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen. Insbesondere die Einbindung von nichtakademischen, zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteur*innen und Nutzer*innen für die Arbeit mit schwer erreichbaren Zielgruppen kann oft nicht ausfinanziert bzw. zeitlich berücksichtigt werden. Die COVID-19-Pandemie verdeutlicht die Wichtigkeit eines flexiblen Methodenspektrums, in dem ein sinnvolles Zusammenspiel von digitalen und analogen Methoden anzustreben ist.