bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lineage‐specific plastid degradation in subtribe Gentianinae (Gentianaceae)
Authors: Fu Peng‐Cheng , Sun Shan‐Shan , Twyford Alex D. , Li Bei‐Bei , Zhou Rui‐Qi , Chen Shi‐Long , Gao Qing‐Bo , Favre Adrien 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe structure and sequence of plastid genomes is highly conserved across most land plants, except for a minority of lineages that show gene loss and genome degradation. Understanding the early stages of plastome degradation may provide crucial insights into the repeatability and predictability of genomic evolutionary trends. We investigated these trends in subtribe Gentianinae of the Gentianaceae, which encompasses ca. 450 species distributed around the world, particularly in alpine and subalpine environments. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the plastomes of 41 species, representing all six genera in subtribe Gentianinae and all main sections of the species‐rich genus Gentiana L. We reconstructed the phylogeny, estimated divergence times, investigated the phylogenetic distribution of putative gene losses, and related these to substitution rate shifts and species’ habitats. We obtained a strongly supported topology consistent with earlier studies, with all six genera in Gentianinae recovered as monophyletic and all main sections of Gentiana having full support. While closely related species have very similar plastomes in terms of size and structure, independent gene losses, particularly of the ndh complex, have occurred in multiple clades across the phylogeny. Gene loss was usually associated with a shift in the boundaries of the small single‐copy and inverted repeat regions. Substitution rates were variable between clades, with evidence for both elevated and decelerated rate shifts. Independent lineage‐specific loss of ndh genes occurred at a wide range of times, from Eocene to Pliocene. Our study illustrates that diverse degradation patterns shape the evolution of the plastid in this species‐rich plant group.
Clinical and economic impact of HeartLogic™ compared with standard care in heart failure patients
Authors: Treskes Roderick W. , Beles Monika , Caputo Maria‐Luce , Cordon Audrey , Biundo Eliana , Maes Edith , Egorova Anastasia D. , Schalij Martin J. , Van Bockstal Koen , Grazioli‐Gauthier Lorenzo , Vanderheyden Marc , Bartunek Jozef , Auricchio Angelo , Beeres Saskia L.M.A. , Heggermont Ward A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThe implantable cardiac defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator‐based HeartLogic™ algorithm has recently been developed for early detection of impending decompensation in heart failure (HF) patients; but whether this novel algorithm can reduce HF hospitalizations has not been evaluated. We investigated if activation of the HeartLogic algorithm reduces the number of hospital admissions for decompensated HF in a 1 year post‐activation period as compared with a 1 year pre‐activation period.Methods and resultsHeart failure patients with an implantable cardiac defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator with the ability to activate HeartLogic and willingness to have remote device monitoring were included in this multicentre non‐blinded single‐arm trial with historical comparison. After a HeartLogic alert, the presence of HF symptoms and signs was evaluated. If there were two or more symptoms and signs apart from the HeartLogic alert, lifestyle advices were given and/or medication was adjusted. After activation of the algorithm, patients were followed for 1 year. HF events occurring in the 1 year prior to activation and in the 1 year after activation were compared. Of the 74 eligible patients (67.2 ± 10.3 years, 84% male), 68 patients completed the 1 year follow‐up period. The total number of HF hospitalizations reduced from 27 in the pre‐activation period to 7 in the post‐activation period (P = 0.003). The number of patients hospitalized for HF declined from 21 to 7 (P = 0.005), and the hospitalization length of stay diminished from average 16 to 7 days (P = 0.079). Subgroup analysis showed similar results (P = 0.888) for patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy during the pre‐activation period or not receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy, meaning that the effect of hospitalizations cannot solely be attributed to reverse remodelling. Subanalysis of a single‐centre Belgian subpopulation showed important reductions in overall health economic costs (P = 0.025).ConclusionActivation of the HeartLogic algorithm enables remote monitoring of HF patients, coincides with a significant reduction in hospitalizations for decompensated HF, and results in health economic benefits.
Crystal Structure of c‐M5B12O25(OH) (M=Al, Al/Ga, Ga/In) – Three Disordered Cubic Trielborates Synthesized under High‐Pressure Conditions
Authors: Vitzthum Daniela , Widmann Ingo , Wimmer Daniel S. , Wurst Klaus , Joachim‐Mrosko Bastian , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe isotypic trielborates c‐Al5B12O25(OH), c‐Al1.7Ga3.3B12O25(OH), and c‐Ga4InB12O25(OH) were synthesized under high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions of ≥12 GPa and ≥1100 °C. The three cubic compounds crystallize in the space group Fm
m with Z=4 and a=10.8226(5), 10.9258(5), and 11.176(2) Å for c‐Al5B12O25(OH), c‐Al1.7Ga3.3B12O25(OH), and c‐Ga4InB12O25(OH), respectively. The crystal structures of all three compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealing disordered cubic structures composed of MO6 octahedra (M=Al, Al/Ga, Ga, In) and BO4 tetrahedra. Single‐crystal Raman and IR spectroscopic data further characterize the compounds, and the latter confirms the presence of hydroxyl groups.
‘External timing’ of placebo analgesia in an experimental model of sustained pain
Authors: Camerone Eleonora Maria , Wiech Katja , Benedetti Fabrizio , Carlino Elisa , Job Mirko , Scafoglieri Aldo , Testa Marco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch on placebo analgesia commonly focuses on the impact of information about direction (i.e., increase or decrease of pain) and magnitude of the expected analgesic effect, whereas temporal aspects of expectations have received little attention so far. In a recent study, using short‐lasting, low‐intensity stimuli, we demonstrated that placebo analgesia onset is influenced by temporal information. Here, we investigate whether the same effect of temporal suggestions can be found in longer lasting, high‐intensity pain in a Cold Pressor Test (CPT).MethodsFifty‐three healthy volunteers were allocated to one of three groups. Participants were informed that the application of an (inert‐)cream would reduce pain after 5 min (P5) or 30 min (P30). The third group was informed that the cream only had hydrating properties (NE). All participants completed the CPT at baseline and 10 (Test 10) and 35 min (Test 35) following cream application. Percentage change in exposure time (pain tolerance) from baseline to Test 10 (Δ10) and to Test 35 (Δ35) and changes in heart rate (HR) during CPT were compared between the three groups.ResultsΔ10 was greater in P5 than in NE and P30, indicating that analgesia was only present in the group that was expecting an early onset of analgesia. Δ35 was greater in P5 and P30 compared to NE, reflecting a delayed onset of analgesia in P30 and maintained analgesia in P5. HR differences between groups were not significant.ConclusionsOur data suggest that ‘externally timing’ of placebo analgesia may be possible for prolonged types of pain.SignificanceResearch on placebo effects mainly focuses on the influence of information about direction (i.e., increase or decrease of pain) and magnitude (i.e., strong or weak) of the expected effect but ignores temporal aspects of expectations. In our study in healthy volunteers, the reported onset of placebo analgesia followed the temporal information provided. Such ‘external timing’ effects could not only aid the clinical use of placebo treatment (e.g., in open‐label placebos) but also support the efficacy of active drugs.
Mutagenicity of N‐hydroxy‐4‐aminobiphenyl in human TP53 knock‐in (Hupki) mouse embryo fibroblasts
Authors: Hölzl‐Armstrong Lisa , Kucab Jill E. , Zwart Edwin P. , Luijten Mirjam , Phillips David H. , Arlt Volker M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTP53 harbors somatic mutations in more than half of human tumors with some showing characteristic mutation spectra that have been linked to environmental exposures. In bladder cancer, a unique distribution of mutations amongst several codons of TP53 has been hypothesized to be caused by environmental carcinogens including 4‐aminobiphenyl (4‐ABP). 4‐ABP undergoes metabolic activation to N‐hydroxy‐4‐aminobiphenyl (N‐OH‐4‐ABP) and forms pre‐mutagenic adducts in DNA, of which N‐(deoxyguanosin‐8‐yl)‐4‐ABP (dG‐C8‐4‐ABP) is the major one. Human TP53 knock‐in mouse embryo fibroblasts (HUFs) are a useful model to study the influence of environmental carcinogens on TP53‐mutagenesis. By performing the HUF immortalization assay (HIMA) TP53‐mutant HUFs are generated and mutations can be identified by sequencing. Here we studied the induction of mutations in human TP53 after treatment of primary HUFs with N‐OH‐4‐ABP. In addition, mutagenicity in the bacterial lacZ reporter gene and the formation of dG‐C8‐4‐ABP, measured by 32P‐postlabelling analysis, were determined in N‐OH‐4‐ABP‐treated primary HUFs. A total of 6% TP53‐mutants were identified after treatment with 40 μM N‐OH‐4‐ABP for 24 hr (n = 150) with G>C/C>G transversion being the main mutation type. The mutation spectrum found in the TP53 gene of immortalized N‐OH‐4‐ABP‐treated HUFs was unlike the one found in human bladder cancer. DNA adduct formation (~40 adducts/108 nucleotides) was detected after 24 hr treatment with 40 μM N‐OH‐4‐ABP, but lacZ mutagenicity was not observed. Adduct levels decreased substantially (sixfold) after a 24 hr recovery period indicating that primary HUFs can efficiently repair the dG‐C8‐4‐ABP adduct possibly before mutations are fixed. In conclusion, the observed difference in the N‐OH‐4‐ABP‐induced TP53 mutation spectrum to that observed in human bladder tumors do not support a role of 4‐ABP in human bladder cancer development.
Numerical analysis of natural gas pressure during coal and gas outbursts
Authors: Li Zongxiang , Yu Jingxiao , Liu Yu , Zhang MingQian , Geng Feng , Zhang HongJie , Miao ChunTong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAny disturbance in the ventilation system of a mine during a coal and gas outburst can lead to secondary disasters. This is because, on the one hand, the expansion power of the outburst source makes the airflow in the ventilation system countercurrent, causing the gas in this system to exceed the allowable limit. On the other hand, the airflow density changes because of the outburst and the consequent airflow mixing in the mine roadway, thereby changing the natural wind pressure. From this, the concept of natural gas wind pressure is proposed, and a calculation method for this pressure in a 3D model mine ventilation system is derived. For the “11.10” major coal and gas outburst that occurred in Shizhuang Coal Mine in Qujing, Yunnan Province, the entire process of the counter flow and gas dispersion flow in the main and auxiliary shafts is analyzed using the TF1M 3D simulation program, including the dynamic change in the natural wind pressure in the mine in each stage. The simulation shows that during the gas outburst period, the natural gas pressure of the countercurrent circuit is greater than that of the main fan. Between 140 s and 225 s following the outburst, the natural wind pressure once overcomes the fan pressure and reverses the airflow in the 1824 transport roadway, and the gas is withdrawn from the 1727 service point. Evidently, the natural pressure of the gas produced by the outburst affects the mine ventilation system. In the event of a coal and gas outburst in a private village coal mine, if the natural gas wind pressure can be reasonably utilized and the main fan stopped or the entire mine reversed in time, casualties may be minimized. Scholars studying coal and gas outburst mines should pay attention to mine airflow disorder due to the varying natural gas wind pressure when an outburst occurs and perform simulation drills of the outburst beforehand. Thus, a scientific emergency management plan for mine disaster prevention and reduction can be formulated.
Exploring health and nutrition stakeholders' expectations and perception toward establishment of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance in Iran
Authors: Amini Maryam , Ghodsi Delaram , Doustmohammadian Azam , Nikooyeh Bahareh , Neyestani Tirang R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFood and Nutrition Surveillance (FNS) is an essential and practical tool for providing timely information at specified times for policy making. This study aimed to explore policymakers' expectations and perception on establishment of the FNS in Iran before its establishment.Materials and methodsData in this qualitative study were gathered through documents review (23 relevant documents) and seventeen semi‐structured interviews with key informants in the field of food and nutrition at the national and provincial level selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were content analysed using MAXQDA (2010).FindingsMost of the participants defined the FNS as a continuous monitoring system. They expected the FNS to identify and recognize food and nutrition problems; to create a common language and provide an inter‐disciplinary cooperation. From the participants' point of view the most important barriers to establishing of the FNS included lack of cooperation and resistance at different levels, lack of support and partnership among the stakeholders, lack of justification and awareness of the stakeholders, mismanagement and misuse of data, inattention to infrastructure.ConclusionsMost of the stakeholders believed that the FNS was supposed to monitor food and nutrition status continuously to provide timely and accurate information for policy making.
Jonkershoek: Africa's oldest catchment experiment ‐ 80 years and counting
Authors: Slingsby Jasper A. , de Buys Abri , Simmers Adrian D. A. , Prinsloo Eric , Forsyth Greg G. , Glenday Julia , Allsopp Nicky 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Jonkershoek Forestry Research Station was established in the Mediterranean climate region of South Africa in 1935 to implement a multiple catchment experiment to determine the effects of afforestation on water yield. The experiment consists of six neighbouring catchments previously supporting indigenous fynbos shrublands, five of which were sequentially afforested with Pinus radiata plantations every 8 years from 1940 to 1980 and one kept as the control. They conclusively demonstrated a significant impact of afforestation on streamflow. The treatment catchments have seen subsequent plantation rotations since 1980 and rainfall and streamflow observations have been continued to date. Here we describe the site, experimental design, rainfall and streamflow records, instrumentation, and how to access the data. We also provide details of recently installed instrumentation, including full weather stations, fog gauges, and an eddy covariance flux tower. The Jonkershoek catchment experiment was the core of a globally significant interdisciplinary research programme (1935–1992) that shaped most environmental policies and practices relating to biodiversity, forestry, fire and water in South Africa and beyond. The South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) inherited the experiment in 2010 and is maintaining it as a long‐term eco‐hydrological research platform and global change observatory.
Tetracycline as an inhibitor to the SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Zhao Tom Y. , Patankar Neelesh A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) remains an extant threat against public health on a global scale. Cell infection begins when the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 binds with the human cell receptor, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we address the role of tetracycline as an inhibitor for the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Targeted molecular investigation show that tetracycline binds more favorably to the RBD (−9.40 kcal/mol) compared to doxycycline (−8.08 kcal/mol), chloroquine (−6.31 kcal/mol), or gentamicin (−4.83 kcal/mol) while inhibiting attachment to ACE2 to a greater degree (binding efficiency of 2.98 kcal/(mol nm2) for tetracycline–RBD, 5.16 kcal/(mol nm2) for doxycycline–RBD, 5.59 kcal/(mol nm2) for chloroquine–RBD, and 7.02 kcal/(mol nm2) for gentamicin–RBD. Stronger inhibition by tetracycline is verified with nonequilibrium PMF calculations, for which the tetracycline–RBD complex exhibits the lowest free energy profile along the dissociation pathway from ACE2. Tetracycline binds to tyrosine and glycine residues on the viral contact interface that are known to modulate molecular recognition and bonding affinity. These RBD residues also engage in significant hydrogen bonding with the human receptor ACE2. The ability to preclude cell infection complements the anti‐inflammatory and cytokine suppressing capability of tetracycline; this may reduce the duration of ICU stays and mechanical ventilation induced by the coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2.
A founder mutation in the PLPBP gene in families from Saguenay‐Lac‐St‐Jean region affected by a pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy
Authors: Pal Maitou , Lace Baiba , Labrie Yvan , Laflamme Nathalie , Rioux Nadie , Setty Samarth Thonta , Dugas Marc‐Andre , Gosselin Louise , Droit Arnaud , Chrestian Nicolas , Rivest Serge 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a relatively rare subgroup of epileptic disorders. They generally present in infancy as an early onset epileptic encephalopathy or seizures, refractory to standard treatments, with rapid and variable responses to vitamin B6 treatment. Whole exome sequencing of three unrelated families identified homozygous pathogenic mutation c.370_373del, p.Asp124fs in PLPBP gene in five persons. Haplotype analysis showed a single shared profile for the affected persons and their parents, leading to a hypothesis about founder effect of the mutation in Saguenay‐Lac‐St‐Jean region of French Canadians. All affected probands also shared one single mitochondrial haplotype T2b3 and two rare variations in the mitochondrial genome m.801A>G and m.5166A>G suggesting that a single individual female introduced PLPBP mutation c.370_373del, p.Asp124fs in Quebec. The mutation p.Asp124fs causes a severe disease phenotype with delayed myelination and cortical/subcortical brain atrophy. The most noteworthy radiological finding in this Quebec founder mutation is the presence of the temporal cysts that can be used as a marker of the disease. Also, both patients, who are alive, had a history of prenatal supplements taken by their mothers as antiemetic medication with high doses of pyridoxine. In the context of suspected PDE in patients with neonatal refractory seizures, treatment with pyridoxine and/or Pyridoxal‐5‐phophate has to be started immediately and continued until the results of genetic analysis received. Even with early appropriate treatment, neurological outcome of our patient is still poor.
Molecular dynamics simulation studies on the specific regulation of PTPN18 to the HER2 phospho‐peptides
Authors: Tong Mingqiong , Liu Peng , Sun Wan , Liu Jing , Fan Na , Wang Xiaoyue , Zhang Zhongyu , Song Xinfeng , Lv Chao , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe specific regulation of PTPN18 protein to three HER2 phospho‐peptides has been studied by molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. The results revealed that the three HER2 phospho‐peptides binding to the PTPN18 catalytic domain is energetically favorable due to substrate specificity of PTPN18, and moreover, the PTPN18 protein have significantly higher affinity to pY1248 peptide (−45.22 kcal/mol) than that of pY1112 (−25.3 kcal/mol) and pY1196 (−31.86 kcal/mol) peptides. Further, the binding of HER2 phospho‐peptides to PTPN18 have also caused the closure of WPD‐loop with the decrease of the centroid distances between the P‐loop and the WPD loop. The WPD‐loop closure of PTPN18 relates directly to the new hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction formations between the residues Tyr62, Asp64, Val65, Ala231, Arg235, and Ala273 in PTPN18 and Tyr(PO3) in the HER2 phospho‐peptides, which suggests that these key residues would contribute to the specific regulation of PTPN18 to the substrates. The correlation analysis revealed the allosteric communication networks from the pY binding loop to the WPD loop through the structural change and the residue interactions in PTPN18. These results will be helpful to understand the specific regulation through the allosteric communication network in the PTPN18 catalytic domain.
Screening the Q‐markers of TCMs from RA rat plasma using UHPLC‐QTOF/MS technique for the comprehensive evaluation of Wu‐Wei‐Wen‐Tong Capsule
Authors: Jiang Hui , Liu Jian , Wang Yanling , Chen Leijing , Liu Hui , Wang Zhen , Wang Bin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe appropriate selection of quality marker (Q‐marker) for performing the comprehensive quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has much more significance. Wu‐Wei‐Wen‐Tong Capsule (WWWTC), a TCMs prescription, is mainly utilized to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. However, the comprehensive quality control for WWWTC has not been achieved because of lacking system analysis for the Q‐marker. In this study, a dual wavelength, 203 and 270 nm, was selected based on the feature of 15 Q‐markers, and a reliable UHPLC‐UV fingerprinting approach was established, achieving the comprehensive quality evaluation of WWWTC. First, we identified 91 prototypes in rat plasma after administering a set amount of WWWTC by using UHPLC‐QTOF/MS technique and selected them as the candidate Q‐markers. Next, based on the “five principles” of Q‐marker selection, 15 absorbed components among them including coumarin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, and 2‐methoxycinnamaldehyde derived from Monarch medicine of Cmnamomi Mmulus; epimedin C, icariin, baohuoside I, and anhydroicaritin derived from Monarch medicine Epimedii Folium; germacrone, the sesquiterpene compound in Minister medicine Rhizoma Wenyujin Concisum; pachymic acid, the tetracyclic triterpenoid acids in Assistant medicine Poria; baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, and wogonoside in Guide medicine Scutellariae Radix, respectively, were seriously chosen as the Q‐markers, indicating preferable pharmacological effect on RA, characterization of transitivity and traceability as well as measurable components in WWWTC. The effective and meaningful strategy displayed a unique perspective for the exploration of Q‐markers in the quality evaluation and further ensured efficacy and safety of the TCMs.