bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource allocation for energy efficiency optimization in uplink–downlink decoupled 5G heterogeneous networks
Authors: Khan Humayun Zubair , Ali Mudassar , Rashid Imran , Ghafoor Abdul , Naeem Muhammad , Khan Adnan Ahmed , Saddiqui Adil Masood 
Published: July 2021

SummaryHeterogeneous networks (HetNets) are a practical solution for traffic offloading from a high powered base station (HBS) to a low powered base station (LBS). In the HetNets, uplink (UL)–downlink (DL) decoupled access (UDDa) strategy is an optimal solution that ensures cell association, independently, in the UL and DL. This strategy offloads HBS cell edge mobile device (MD) to the nearby LBS in the UL. However, energy‐efficient cell association for traffic offloading from HBS to LBS, relay, or device to device (D2D) in the UL employing UDDa strategy has not been explored in the past work. We formulate mathematical models which ensure energy‐efficient cell association, power allocation, and traffic offloading employing traditional UL‐DL coupled access (UDCa) and UDDa strategies in the HetNets. The formulated problems are concave fractional programming (CFP) problems. The CFP is changed to a concave optimization problem using Charnes–Cooper transformation (CCT). The transformed problems are solved using an outer approximation algorithm to obtain
optimal solution. Simulation results show the effectiveness of UDDa strategy over UDCa strategy in terms of MDs association, traffic offloading in the UL and DL, interference mitigation in the UL, data rate, and energy efficiency in the HetNets.
Conservation implications of genetic structure in the narrowest endemic quillwort from the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Dalapicolla Jeronymo , Alves Ronnie , Jaffé Rodolfo , Vasconcelos Santelmo , Pires Eder Soares , Nunes Gisele Lopes , Pereira Jovani Bernardino de Souza , Guimarães José Tasso F. , Dias Mariana C. , Fernandes Taís Nogueira , Scherer Daniela , dos Santos Fernando Marino Gomes , Castilho Alexandre , Santos Mirella Pupo , Calderón Emiliano Nicolas , Martins Rodrigo Lemes , da Fonseca Rodrigo Nunes , Esteves Francisco de Assis , Caldeira Cecílio Frois , Oliveira Guilherme 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe quillwortIsoëtes cangaeis a critically endangered species occurring in a single lake in Serra dos Carajás, Eastern Amazon. Low genetic diversity and small effective population sizes (Ne) are expected for narrow endemic species (NES). Conservation biology studies centered in a single species show some limitations, but they are still useful considering the limited time and resources available for protection of species at risk of extinction. Here, we evaluated the genetic diversity, population structure,Ne, and minimum viable population (MVP) ofI. cangaeto provide information for effective conservation programs. Our analyses were based on 55 individuals collected from the Amendoim Lake and 35,638 neutral SNPs. Our results indicated a single panmictic population, moderate levels of genetic diversity, andNein the order of thousands, contrasting the expected for NES. Negative FISvalues were also found, suggesting thatI. cangaeis not under risk of inbreeding depression. Our findings imply thatI. cangaecontains enough genetic diversity to ensure evolutionary potential and that all individuals should be treated as one demographic unit. These results provide essential information to optimize ex situ conservation efforts and genetic diversity monitoring, which are currently applied to guideI. cangaeconservation plans.
Prey naïveté rather than enemy release dominates the relation of an invasive spider toward a native predator
Authors: Narimanov Nijat , Hatamli Kamal , Entling Martin H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEcosystems may suffer from the impact of invasive species. Thus, understanding the mechanisms contributing to successful invasions is fundamental for limiting the effects of invasive species. Most intuitive, the enemy release hypothesis predicts that invasive species might be more successful in the exotic range than resident sympatric species owing to the absence of coevolution with native enemies. Here, we test the enemy release hypothesis for the invasion of Europe by the North American spider Mermessus trilobatus. We compare the susceptibility of invasive Mermessus trilobatus and a native species with similar life history to a shared predator with which both species commonly co‐occur in Europe. Contrary to our expectations, invasive Mermessus trilobatus were consumed three times more frequently by native predators than their native counterparts. Our study shows that invasive Mermessus trilobatus is more sensitive to a dominant native predator than local sympatric species. This suggests that the relation between the invasive spider and its native predator is dominated by prey naïveté rather than enemy release. Further studies investigating evolutionary and ecological processes behind the invasion success of Mermessus trilobatus, including testing natural parasites and rapid reproduction, are needed to explain its invasion success in Europe.
Pennisetum setaceum or Pennisetum advena cultivars, what ornamental do we have in our garden
Authors: van Valkenburg Johannes Leonardus Cornelis Hendrikus , Costerus Maarten , Westenberg Marcel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPennisetum Rich. or following recent taxonomic insights Cenchrus L. is a genus with some 120 species worldwide, especially in warm areas. The genus includes some crops, some ornamentals but mostly species that are considered weedy. The name of one of the weedy species Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. is also found on labels of ornamental grasses as P. setaceum “Rubrum.” It has been debated to belong to a species on its own Pennisetum advena Wipff & Veldkamp or Cenchrus advena (Wipff & Veldkamp) Morrone, only known from cultivation, whereas others still adhere to a broader species concept of P. setaceum. The recent inclusion of P. setaceum on the EU List of Union concern has revitalized the discussion on this issue for commercial reasons. Based on a morphological and molecular comparison (ITS, rbcL, and the trnh‐psbA intergenic spacer sequences) of the type specimen of P. advena, five of its “cultivars” in trade and collections of P. setaceum from different regions of the world we conclude that plants currently in trade in Western Europe belong to a separate species P. advena. A drooping inflorescence is consistent as is the difference in width of the leaf blade, the leaf blade being flat or involute, the central vein being swollen or not, and the length of the stipe being 0.3–1.1 mm in P. advena and 1.1–3.1 mm in P. setaceum. On the chloroplast markers rbcL and trnH‐psbA, the species consistently differ in 2 and 4 base pairs, respectively. On the nuclear ITS sequence, there is only 90% overlap between the two species. This justifies these ornamentals to be excluded from the List of Union concern of EU regulation 1143/2014.
Comparison of AET partitioning and water balance between degraded meadow and artificial pasture in Three‐River Source Region on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Schlaepfer Daniel R. , Chen Nina , Gu Song , Lauenroth William K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractActual evapotranspiration (AET) is the main component of water balance and comprises evaporation (E) and transpiration (T). Despite widespread recognition of the importance of water in terrestrial ecosystems, knowledge about key processes in the water balance is surprisingly limited, especially for how water is partitioned between E and T. We used a daily time step soil water model (SOILWAT2) and 10 years of data to describe AET partitioning and water balance of a degraded meadow and an artificial pasture in the Three‐River Source Region on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Our results showed that there are two important environmental factors influencing water balance processes: evaporative demand of the atmosphere and precipitation. Due to the same evaporative demand and precipitation regime, the AET between our two sites was similar in seasonal trends and annual amounts. On an annual basis, AET and deep drainage accounted for almost 100% of the precipitation received by both the two sites. Despite the similarity of annual AET between the degraded meadow and the artificial pasture, the AET partitioning between the two sites was substantially different. Mean annual transpiration/actual evapotranspiration (T/AET) was 27% in the degraded meadow and 52% in the artificial pasture. The key controls on AET partitioning were vegetation and soil, and compared to soil, our study emphasized the influence of vegetation, and high amounts of biomass resulted in the highest values of T/AET in the artificial pasture. Additionally, we identified deep drainage as an important and previously overlooked component of water balance accounting for an average of approximately 21% of the annual precipitation in both the two study sites.
Simultaneous Trace Electrochemical Determination of Xanthine Theophylline and Theobromine with a Novel Sensor Based on a Composite Including Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotube and Nano‐Na‐montmorillonite Clay
Authors: Fitoz Alper , Yazan Zehra , Önal Müşerref 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report the simultaneous determination of purine molecules with biological significance on pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with a composite solution including NiO nanoparticles, multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and natural nano‐Na‐montmorillonite clay (NNaM) using DPV technique. The novel sensor, NiO/MWCNT/NNaM/PGE, achieved simultaneous determination of xanthine, theophylline, and theobromine at the detection limits 0.077 μM, 0.361 μM, and 0.458 μM with the linear working ranges 0.5–150 μM, 5–200 μM, and 5–250 μM in Britton‐Robinson buffer at pH 2.0, respectively. The sensor revealed excellent performance for the simultaneous determination of XT, TP, and TB in three real‐world samples.
Control of Interfacial Potentials and Redox Reactions on Bipolar Electrodes Using Ag/AgCl
Authors: Mutalib Nurul Asyikeen Ab , Deng Yi , Hsueh An‐Ju , Kariya Koki , Kurihara Toshiaki , Suzuki Hiroaki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe interfacial potential difference on the surface of bipolar electrodes was controlled by placing Ag/AgCl on part of the electrode. Oxygen reduction on the cathodic pole was coupled with an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reaction on the anodic pole. In an open bipolar system, the ECL intensity depended on the location of Ag/AgCl and the concentration of Cl− ions. A current flowed through Ag/AgCl and the ratio of currents generated at the anodic and cathodic poles was affected by the position of Ag/AgCl. Further, the effect of Ag/AgCl placement was also demonstrated in a closed bipolar system using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose as analytes. Ag/AgCl was also effective in adjusting the sensitivity to these analytes to achieve the best performance. This method of interfacial potential control is expected to contribute toward the development of reliable sensing devices and applications such as redox cycling, which require precise potential control.
Insights into the Photodegradation of the Contact Allergen Fragrance Cinnamyl Alcohol: Kinetics, Mechanism, and Toxicity
Authors: Wu Junji , Gao Yanpeng , Guo Teng , Luo Na , Li Guiying , An Taicheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fragrances can cause general health issues, and special concerns exist surrounding the issue of skin safety. Cinnamyl alcohol (CAL) is a frequent fragrance contact allergen that has various toxic effects on indiscriminate animals. In the present study, the photodegradation transformation mechanism of CAL and toxicity evolution during this process were examined. The results showed that CAL (50 μM) can be completely degraded after 90-min ultraviolet (UV) irradiation with a degradation rate of 0.086 min–1. Increased toxicity on bioluminescent bacteria was observed during this process, with lethality increasing from 10.6% (0 min) to 50.2% (90 min) under UV light irradiation. Further, the photodegradation mechanisms of CAL were explored to find the reason behind the increased toxicity observed. Laser flash photolysis and quenching experiments showed that O2•–, 1O2, and •OH were mainly responsible for CAL photodegradation, together with 3CAL* and eaq–. The 5 main photodegradation products were cinnamyl aldehyde, benzaldehyde, benzenepropanal, cinnamic acid, and toluene, as identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–quadrupole-time-of-flight–mass spectrometry. Once exposed to air, CAL was found to be easily oxidized to cinnamyl aldehyde and subsequently to cinnamic acid by O2•–- or 1O2-mediated pathways, leading to increased toxicity. Benzaldehyde exhibited bioreactive toxicity, increasing the toxicity through •OH-mediated pathways. Theoretical prediction of skin irritation indicated that cinnamyl aldehyde (0.83), benzenepropanal (0.69), cinnamyl aldehyde (0.69), and benzaldehyde (0.70) were higher than CAL (0.63), which may cause a profound impact on an individual's health and well-being. Overall, the present study advances the understanding of the photodegradation processes and health impacts of fragrance ingredients. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2705–2714. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
Photochemical degradation mechanism of Cinnamyl alcohol (CAL) mainly involved O2•– or 1O2*, •OH*, 3CAL*– and eaq– mediated pathways. The five main photodegradation products were cinnamyl aldehyde, benzaldehyde, benzenepropanal, cinnamic acid and toluene. The irritation prediction and preliminary toxicity investigations provided the evidence that more toxic compounds were produced during the photo irradiation procedure.
Rotation‐translation collision model for DSMC with restricted energy exchange
Authors: Macrossan Michael Neal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the standard implementation of Borgnakke–Larsen (BL) rotation and translation energy exchange in DSMC not every rotational mode of each molecule is active in every collision. In some collisions, the rotation mode of one molecule is “frozen” (cannot be changed by the collision); in other collisions the rotation mode of both molecules is frozen. Different relaxation rates are obtained by varying the proportion of frozen‐rotation collisions. In 1974 Larsen and Borgnakke proposed a “restricted exchange” version of BL in which a portion of the energy of each mode is frozen in each collision; the method seemed physically plausible but did not satisfy the detailed balance condition. In 1978 Pullin proposed a general restricted exchange of BL exchange which did satisfy the detailed balance condition; it was more CPU intensive than the original BL scheme. It was seen as “laborius” and “cumbersome” and it seemed to be incompatible with vibration energy‐exchange models. Here a simplified version, a special case, of Pullin's restricted exchange scheme is described. The new method is only 12%–17% more CPU‐intensive than standard BL methods and can be used with the standard DSMC quantum vibration exchange model. It is shown that the elimination of frozen‐rotation collisions changes the high energy distribution of vibration energy in nonequilibrium conditions which may slightly decrease the nonequilibrium dissociation rate when restricted exchange is used with the quantum‐kinetic method for dissociation reactions.
The role of insurance status as a mediator of racial disparities in oropharyngeal cancer outcomes
Authors: Shukla Navika , Ma Yifei , Megwalu Uchechukwu C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the role of insurance status as a mediator of racial disparities in oropharyngeal cancer outcomes.MethodsThis was a population‐based retrospective cohort study. Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database. The study cohort included 11 627 patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma between 2010 and 2015.ResultsThe association between black race and increased risk of unresectable disease was slightly attenuated, but persistent, after including insurance status as a covariate (odds ratio [OR] 1.34, 95%CI 1.10–1.63). Likewise, black race was no longer associated with worse disease‐specific survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.11, 95%CI 0.99–1.26), but remained associated with worse overall survival with a slightly decreased effect size (HR 1.13, 95%CI 1.01–1.25).ConclusionsInsurance status plays a significant role in, but does not completely account for, the persistent racial disparities in oropharyngeal cancer outcomes.
Postoperative thyroid storm after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus
Authors: Iwahara Naoya , Abe Takashige , Nagai So , Yoshino Masanao , Saito Hitoshi , Okada Hiromi , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Ryuji , Osawa Takahiro , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThyroid storm is a rare life‐threating condition. We report a case of thyroid storm after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.Case presentationA 76‐year‐old man with a left renal tumor and tumor thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava underwent left radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy. After the surgery, his postoperative course rapidly deteriorated, including central nervous system disturbance, fever, tachycardia, congestive heart failure, and hepatic manifestation. Thyroid function test revealed perioperative hyperthyroidism. Corticosteroids and inorganic iodide improved his condition, suggesting that he developed thyroid storm after surgery. He was discharged 5 months after surgery and has been free from disease recurrence for more than 2 years.ConclusionThyroid storm after surgery is rare. However, this postoperative complication is important because it is fatal if not diagnosed and treated properly.
Increasing food intake affects digesta retention, digestibility and gut fill but not chewing efficiency in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Findeisen Eva , Südekum Karl‐Heinz , Fritz Julia , Hummel Jürgen , Clauss Marcus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn ruminants, the level of food intake affects net chewing efficiency and hence faecal particle size. For nonruminants, corresponding data are lacking. Here, we report the effect of an increased food intake of a mixed diet in four domestic rabbit does due to lactation, and assess changes in particle size (as determined by wet sieving analysis) along the rabbit digestive tract. During lactation, rabbits achieved a distinctively higher dry matter intake than at maintenance, with a concomitant reduction in mean retention times of solute and particle markers, an increase in dry matter gut fill, a reduction in apparent digestibility of dry matter, and an overall increase in digestible dry matter intake. By contrast, there was no change in faecal mean particle size (mean ± SD: 0.58 ± 0.02 vs. 0.56 ± 0.01 mm). A comparison of diet, stomach content and faecal mean particle size suggested that 98% of particle size reduction occurred due to ingestive mastication and 2% due to digestive processes. Very fine particles passing the finest sieve, putatively not only of dietary but mainly of microbial origin, were particularly concentrated in caecum contents, which corresponds to retention of microbes via a ‘wash‐back' colonic separation mechanism, to concentrate them in caecotrophs that are re‐ingested. This study gives rise to the hypothesis that chewing efficiency on a consistent diet is not impaired by intake level in nonruminant mammals.
Early, nonlethal ploidy and genome size quantification using confocal microscopy in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Small Christopher D. , Davis James P. , Crawford Bryan D. , Benfey Tillmann J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPloidy transitions through whole genome duplication have shaped evolution by allowing the sub‐ and neo‐functionalization of redundant copies of highly conserved genes to express novel traits. The nuclear:cytoplasmic (n:c) ratio is maintained in polyploid vertebrates resulting in larger cells, but body size is maintained by a concomitant reduction in cell number. Ploidy can be manipulated easily in most teleosts, and the zebrafish, already well established as a model system for biomedical research, is therefore an excellent system in which to study the effects of increased cell size and reduced cell numbers in polyploids on development and physiology. Here we describe a novel technique using confocal microscopy to measure genome size and determine ploidy non‐lethally at 48 h post‐fertilization (hpf) in transgenic zebrafish expressing fluorescent histones. Volumetric analysis of myofiber nuclei using open‐source software can reliably distinguish diploids and triploids from a mixed‐ploidy pool of embryos for subsequent experimentation. We present an example of this by comparing heart rate between confirmed diploid and triploid embryos at 54 hpf.
Post‐COVID syndrome: A single‐center questionnaire study on 1007 participants recovered from COVID‐19
Authors: Kayaaslan Bircan , Eser Fatma , Kalem Ayse K. , Kaya Gamze , Kaplan Betul , Kacar Duygu , Hasanoglu Imran , Coskun Belgin , Guner Rahmet 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPost recovery manifestations have become another concern in patients who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Numerous reports have shown that COVID‐19 has a variety of long‐term effects on almost all systems including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, psychiatric, and dermatological systems. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of the post‐COVID syndrome among COVID‐19 survivors and to determine the factors associated with persistent symptoms. This prospective study enrolled in patients with COVID‐19 followed in hospital or outpatient clinics in Ankara City Hospital. We performed a special questionnaire to inquire about the presence of persistent symptoms beyond 12 weeks from the first diagnosis. Demographic data, comorbid diseases, characteristics of acute COVID‐19, presence of persistent symptoms by systems, and knowledge about outpatient clinic visits after recovery were assessed. Of a total of 1007 participants, 39.0% had at least one comorbidity, and 47.5% had persistent symptoms. Fatigue/easy fatigability, myalgia, and loss of weight were the most frequent persistent symptoms (overall 29.3%) followed by respiratory symptoms (25.4%). A total of 235 participants had visited outpatient clinics due to several reasons during the post‐COVID‐19 period, and 17 of them were hospitalized. Severe acute COVID‐19, hospitalization, and presence of comorbidity were independent factors for the development of persistent symptoms. Fully understanding the spectrum of the post‐COVID syndrome is essential for appropriate management of all its long‐term effects. Our study once again underlined the fact that the prevalence of post‐COVID syndrome is higher than expected and concerns many systems, and a multidisciplinary follow‐up should be provided to COVID‐19 survivors in the post recovery period.