bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The initial impact of COVID‐19 on Australasian sonographers part 3: Sonographer professional, personal, and social wellbeing
Authors: Childs Jessie , Osborne Brooke , Lamb Kathryn , Maranna Sandhya , Esterman Adrian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe wellbeing of front‐line healthcare workers can be impacted during a pandemic. This paper reports the initial impact on the wellbeing of COVID‐19 on Australasian sonographers.MethodsAn online qualitative and quantitative survey was conducted between March and June 2020 to explore the wellbeing of Australasian sonographers in the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsWhilst most sonographers felt supported at work (300/379), those working in public hospitals felt more so than those in private practice. Sonographers in private practice felt more as though their job was at risk and were more likely to consider an alternate source of income. Sonographers felt they were working on the front line and many felt anxious about themselves (74%) or family (78%) contracting COVID‐19 due to their employment. Forty‐one percent of sonographers felt more isolated than normal, with younger age groups (18‐34 years) feeling less like they had enough hobbies or selfcare activities to get them through. Twelve percent of sonographers reported never, or rarely, coping with the juggle of work and home life.ConclusionThe initial impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the wellbeing of sonographers is evident. Longitudinal data will enable wellbeing to be tracked over time.
Parameters analysis and design of transverse connection strengthening prestressed concrete T‐girder bridge
Authors: Chen Chen , Yang Caiqian , Pan Yong , Zhang Honglei , De Backer Hans 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTransverse connection strengthening prestressed concrete T‐girder bridge is an effective method to enhance the integrality of the T‐girder bridge. In a previous work, a new kind of diaphragm transverse connections (DTCs) has been proposed and its validity has been proved. Aiming to study the influential parameters for the strengthening effect, finite element analysis is carried out based on a 30 m prestressed concrete T‐girder bridge in this study. The considered influential parameters are T‐girder spacing, T‐girder height, brace thickness, and installation location of the DTCs. The deflections and load distribution factors of the prestressed concrete T‐girder bridge are calculated to evaluate the impact of each parameter on the strengthening effect. Furthermore, the influence of brace thickness and T‐girder height on axial forces of the DTCs and connection force is studied. The results show that the strengthening effect with DTCs installed at midspan is the best option. With T‐girder height increasing, the deflections of the T‐girder reduce and the maximum load distribution factor increases. Besides, increasing the brace thickness of DTCs or decreasing the T‐girder spacing improves the strengthening effect. By comparing the axial force with the buckling critical force, it shows that the stability of the braces is adequate. Finally, design recommendations are given for the 30 m prestressed concrete T‐girder bridge strengthening.
Verifiable Autonomy and Responsible Robotics
Authors: Dennis Louise , Fisher Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe move towards greater autonomy presents challenges for software engineering. As we may be delegating greater responsibility to software systems and as these autonomous systems can make their own decisions and take their own actions, a step change in the way the systems are developed and verified is needed. This step involves moving from just considering what the system does, but also why it chooses to do it (since decision-making may be delegated). In this chapter, we provide an overview of our programme of work in this area: utilising hybrid agent architectures, exposing and verifying the reasons for decisions, and applying this to assessing a range of properties of autonomous systems.
The swampland at large number of space-time dimensions
Authors: Bonnefoy Quentin , Ciambelli Luca , Lüst Dieter , Lüst Severin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We discuss some aspects of swampland constraints — especially the swamp-land distance conjecture — in a large number of space-time dimensions D. We analyze Kaluza-Klein (KK) states at large D and find that some KK spectra possess an interesting dependence on D. On the basis of these observations we propose a new large dimension conjecture. We apply it to KK states of compactifications to anti-de Sitter backgrounds where it predicts an upper bound on the dimension of space-time as a function of its characteristic radius. We also apply our conjecture to black hole spacetimes, whose entropies have a D-dependence very similar to that of the KK spectrum.
An alternative approach to study irrotational periodic gravity water waves
Authors: Basu Biswajit , Martin Calin I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe are concerned here with an analysis of the nonlinear irrotational gravity water wave problem with a free surface over a water flow bounded below by a flat bed. We employ a new formulation involving an expression (called flow force) which contains pressure terms, thus having the potential to handle intricate surface dynamic boundary conditions. The proposed formulation neither requires the graph assumption of the free surface nor does require the absence of stagnation points. By way of this alternative approach we prove the existence of a local curve of solutions to the water wave problem with fixed flow force and more relaxed assumptions.
Exact and inexact decompositions of trade price indices
Authors: Benedictow Andreas , Boug Pål 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA reasonable concept for the true trade price index in situations where low-price countries capture market shares from high-price countries is the average price paid by importers for the same quality of good or service from all exporting countries. However, decompositions of trade price indices are usuallyinexactin the sense that the average price used as the underlying aggregator formula isnotexactly reproduced. In this paper, we compare analytically exact and inexact decompositions of trade price indices, paying particular attention to the bias in aggregate inflation occurring from applying the first-order Taylor series approximation and not the quadratic approximation lemma to a geometric average price. Our calculations, using the Norwegian clothing industry as an illustration, reveal that the bias in aggregate inflation over the sample period of 1997–2016 is quite substantial and as much as 0.6 percentage point in some years. We therefore conclude that the quadratic approximation lemma should be used in practice to exactly reproduce the underlying aggregator formula.
Parental Post‐operative Telephone Follow‐Up After Paediatric Day Case Surgery
Authors: Williams Omolara Modupe , Faboya Omolara Morounkeji , Omisanjo Olufunmilade Akinfolarin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric day case surgeries (DCSs) are associated with minimal complications therefore the post‐operative follow‐up visit usually serves to calm anxious parents and is replaceable with a phone call. This study examines the safety and reliability of post‐operative telephone assessment by caregivers and its acceptability to them.MethodsParents of DCS patients over a 9‐month period were recruited for telephone follow‐up on third post‐operative day for wound assessment. The remote reports were compared with the finding during the in‐person visit on fourth post‐operative day to determine the reliability of parents’ observation. The parents’ acceptance of telephone follow‐up was also studied.ResultsThe parents of 112 children who had groin surgeries (84%), repair of umbilical hernias (4.5%) and excision of soft tissue masses (11.6%) were recruited. The M:F ratio was 10.2:1. The median age at surgery was 64 months (IQR 43.0–96.8) and median waiting time for surgery was 11.5 months (IQR 3.0–28.8). Most caregivers were mothers (83%) and had a minimum of secondary education (86.6%).The telephone and clinic assessments were matched in 98 of 101 assessed patients. Telephone follow‐up would have sufficed for 104 (92.9%) patients and correctly identified those who needed clinic visits. Majority of parents found telephone follow‐up acceptable in lieu of clinic visit but some preferred to be given a phone number to initiate the call if necessary.ConclusionTelephone call is safe, feasible and acceptable for follow‐up after paediatric DCS. A guided parents’ assessment of the wound is reliable for determining those who need hospital visit.
Tetrahedra of varying density and their applications
Authors: Bukenberger Dennis R. , Lensch Hendrik P. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe propose concepts to utilize basic mathematical principles for computing the exact mass properties of objects with varying densities. For objects given as 3D triangle meshes, the method is analytically accurate and at the same time faster than any established approximation method. Our concept is based on tetrahedra as underlying primitives, which allows for the object’s actual mesh surface to be incorporated in the computation. The density within a tetrahedron is allowed to vary linearly, i.e., arbitrary density fields can be approximated by specifying the density at all vertices of a tetrahedral mesh. Involved integrals are formulated in closed form and can be evaluated by simple, easily parallelized, vector-matrix multiplications. The ability to compute exact masses and centroids for objects of varying density enables novel or more exact solutions to several interesting problems: besides the accurate analysis of objects under given density fields, this includes the synthesis of parameterized density functions for the make-it-stand challenge or manufacturing of objects with controlled rotational inertia. In addition, based on the tetrahedralization of Voronoi cells we introduce a precise method to solve$$L_{2|\infty }$$L2|∞Lloyd relaxations by exact integration of the Chebyshev norm. In the context of additive manufacturing research, objects of varying density are a prominent topic. However, current state-of-the-art algorithms are still based on voxelizations, which produce rather crude approximations of masses and mass centers of 3D objects. Many existing frameworks will benefit by replacing approximations with fast and exact calculations.Graphic abstract
Autoimmune Neurogenic Dysphagia
Authors: Stathopoulos Panos , Dalakas Marinos C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAutoimmune neurogenic dysphagia refers to manifestation of dysphagia due to autoimmune diseases affecting muscle, neuromuscular junction, nerves, roots, brainstem, or cortex. Dysphagia is either part of the evolving clinical symptomatology of an underlying neurological autoimmunity or occurs as a sole manifestation, acutely or insidiously. This opinion article reviews the autoimmune neurological causes of dysphagia, highlights clinical clues and laboratory testing that facilitate early diagnosis, especially when dysphagia is the presenting symptom, and outlines the most effective immunotherapeutic approaches. Dysphagia is common in inflammatory myopathies, most prominently in inclusion body myositis, and is frequent in myasthenia gravis, occurring early in bulbar-onset disease or during the course of progressive, generalized disease. Acute-onset dysphagia is often seen in Guillain–Barre syndrome variants and slowly progressive dysphagia in paraneoplastic neuropathies highlighted by the presence of specific autoantibodies. The most common causes of CNS autoimmune dysphagia are demyelinating and inflammatory lesions in the brainstem, occurring in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Less common, but often overlooked, is dysphagia in stiff-person syndrome especially in conjunction with cerebellar ataxia and high anti-GAD autoantibodies, and in gastrointestinal dysmotility syndromes associated with autoantibodies against the ganglionic acetyl-choline receptor. In the setting of many neurological autoimmunities, acute-onset or progressive dysphagia is a potentially treatable condition, requiring increased awareness for prompt diagnosis and early immunotherapy initiation.
A finite element method for modeling surface growth and resorption of deformable solids
Authors: Bergel Guy L. , Papadopoulos Panayiotis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work explores a continuum-mechanical model for a body simultaneously undergoing finite deformation and surface growth/resorption. This is accomplished by defining the kinematics as well as the set of material points that constitute the domain of a physical body at a given time in terms of an evolving reference configuration. The implications of spatial and temporal discretization are discussed, and an extension of the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element method is proposed to enforce the resulting balance laws on the grown/resorbed body in two spatial dimensions. Representative numerical examples are presented to highlight the predictive capabilities of the model and the numerical properties of the proposed solution method.
Association of temporomandibular disorder-related pain with severe headaches—a Bayesian view
Authors: Ashraf Javed , Närhi Matti , Suominen Anna Liisa , Saxlin Tuomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Association of temporomandibular disorders (TMD)-related pain with severe headaches (migraine and tension-type headaches [TTH]) was studied over a follow-up period of 11 years.

Materials and methods
The data used was from two nationally representative health surveys in Finland—the Health 2000 Survey (baseline) and the Health 2011 Survey (follow-up) (Bioresource Research Impact Factor [BRIF] 8901)—conducted by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL). The primary dataset of the current study included a subset of the population undergoing a clinical oral examination, including TMD examination, at baseline, and answering the questions related to severe headaches, both at baseline and at follow-up (n = 530). From the primary dataset, two datasets were created to study the onset of migraine (dataset 1) and TTH (dataset 2) separately. Dataset 1 included participants healthy of migraine, but not other headaches, at baseline (n = 345), and dataset 2 participants healthy of TTH and other headaches, except migraine, at baseline (n = 464). Bayesian logistic regression models with weakly informative priors were utilized to assess the association of muscle-related TMD pain (mTMD) at baseline and temporomandibular joint-related TMD pain (jTMD) at baseline with the presence of migraine and TTH at follow-up.

Results
Neither of the baseline TMD-related pain variables were associated with the presence of migraine at follow-up (posterior effect estimates-0.12, 95% credible interval [CI] -0.49–0.24, and 0.11, 95% CI -0.38–0.59, for mTMD and jTMD, respectively), whereas mTMD at baseline (posterior effect estimate 0.36, 95% CI 0.02–0.69), but not jTMD at baseline (posterior effect estimate -0.32, 95% CI -0.94–0.25), was associated with the presence of TTH at follow-up. Bayesian sensitivity analyses revealed that the estimates of the regression models were stable, demonstrating sufficient validity and consistency of the estimates.

Conclusion
These results indicate that diverse mechanisms may exist behind the associations of TMD-related painful conditions with different types of severe headaches.

Clinical relevance
TMD-related pain is a frequent comorbidity of severe primary headaches. Therapy of severe primary headaches may thus benefit significantly with the incorporation of a multi-disciplinary clinical team.
Mechanical properties of rotary swaged steel components
Authors: Charni Dhia , Ortmann-Ishkina Svetlana , Herrmann Marius , Schenck Christian , Epp Jérémy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe radial infeed rotary swaging is widely used as a diameter reduction forming process of axisymmetric workpieces, improving the mechanical properties with excellent near net shape forming. In the present study, rotary swaging experiments with different parameter setups were performed on steel tubes and bars under different material states and several resulting property modifications were investigated such as stress-strain curve, hardness, fatigue strength and surface residual stresses. The results show a significant work hardening induced by the rotary swaging process and an improvement in the static and dynamic mechanical properties was observed. Furthermore, the hardness distribution was homogenous in the cross section of the rotary swaged workpieces. Moreover, depending on the process conditions, different residual stresses distribution were generated along the surface.
Defensive spray by a semiaquatic osmylid larva (Insecta: Neuroptera) for both aquatic and terrestrial predators
Authors: Iwanami Tsukuru , Yu Pei , Hayashi Fumio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChemical secretions are an effective means by which insects can deter potential enemies. Several terrestrial insects spray these liquids directionally toward enemies, but little is known about spraying behavior in aquatic and semiaquatic insects. The larvae of Osmylus hyalinatus (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) are semiaquatic, inhabiting the edges of small streams and ponds where they encounter multiple enemies on land and in water. The larvae of this osmylid sprayed a hyaline liquid from the anal opening if disturbed in either air and water, although the spray appeared slightly viscous in water. The liquid was stored in the posterior half of the hindgut and sprayed directionally toward an artificial stimulus. Spraying allowed the larvae to escape biting by ants, and to repel them in 90% of encounters. Spraying caused the regurgitation of 71% and 60% of all larvae swallowed by terrestrial frogs and aquatic newts, respectively. Aquatic fishfly larvae released 30% of captured larvae due to spraying. Most of the larvae that repelled ants or were regurgitated by amphibians survived, but those released by fishfly larvae were killed by heavy biting with the mandibles. This is the first report of effective liquid spraying by insects in water, and also within the order Neuroptera.
Analysis of geographic centrality and genetic diversity in the declining grasshopper species Bryodemella tuberculata (Orthoptera: Oedipodinae)
Authors: Dey Lara-Sophie , Simões Marianna V. P. , Hawlitschek Oliver , Sergeev Michael G. , Xu Sheng‐Quan , Lkhagvasuren Davaa , Husemann Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman-induced ecological and climatic changes have led to the decline and even local extinction of many formerly widely distributed temperate and cold-adapted species. Determining the exact causes of this decline remains difficult. Bryodemella tuberculata was a widely distributed orthopteran species before the mid-19th century. Since then, many European populations have suffered drastic declines and are now considered extinct or critically endangered. We used ecological niche modelling based on a large dataset of extant and extinct occurrence data to investigate whether poor climatic suitability in the periphery of its global range was a possible cause of the local extinction of the European populations of B. tuberculata. We also used population genetics based on the COI marker to estimate and compare the genetic diversity of extant populations. We found that Europe still provides highly suitable habitats close to the climatic optimum, contradicting the assumption of climate change as major driver of this decline. Instead, changes in land-cover and other anthropogenic modifications of the habitats at the local scale seem to be the major reasons for local extinctions. Genetic analysis suggests Central Asia as center of diversity with a stable population size, whereas the effective sizes of the remaining European populations are decreasing. We found European genetic lineages nested within Central Asian lineages, suggesting a Central Asian source distribution area. Our results suggest that the declining European populations represent relics of a formerly wider distribution, which was fragmented by changes in land-use. These relics are now threatened by limited connectivity and small effective population sizes. Specific conservation actions, such as the restoration of former or potential new habitats, and translocation of individuals from extant populations to these restored sites may help slow, stall, or even revert the extinction process.
Serum zinc and dietary intake of zinc in relation to risk of different breast cancer subgroups and serum levels as a marker of intake: a prospective nested case-control study
Authors: Bengtsson Ylva , Sandsveden Malte , Borgquist Signe , Manjer Jonas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Zinc has been suggested to be protective against breast cancer, but the evidence remains inconclusive. One reason for inconsistent findings in previous studies may be that zinc only influences the risk of developing certain subtypes of breast cancer. Our study is the first study assessing zinc levels in relation to the risk of different breast cancer subgroups, defined by their tumor characteristics. In addition, we analyze serum zinc as a marker of dietary intake.

Methods
The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study is a population-based cohort study that took place 1991–1996 in Malmö, Sweden. Until end of follow-up, 31 December 2013, 1186 incident cases were identified and matched to an equal number of controls. Odds ratios (ORs) for breast cancer, and having a certain tumor characteristic, were estimated in quartiles of baseline serum zinc and zinc intake and adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
No associations were found between zinc, measured in serum or diet pre-diagnostically, and breast cancer risk. The adjusted OR for breast cancer in serum zinc Q4 compared to Q1 was 1.09 (0.85–1.41) and in zinc intake Q4 versus Q1 was 0.97 (0.77–1.23). Moreover, there were no clear associations between zinc and any breast cancer characteristics. The kappa value, 0.025 (P = 0.022), showed poor agreement between serum zinc and zinc intake.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that there is no clear association between zinc and overall breast cancer risk or risk of different breast cancer subgroups. Finally, our results suggest that serum zinc is a poor marker of zinc intake.
Frugal Innovation Hijacked: The Co-optive Power of Co-creation
Authors: Tesfaye Linda Annala , Fougère Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we investigate how different discourses on frugal innovation are articulated, and how the dynamics between these different discourses have led to a certain dominant understanding of frugal innovation today. We analyse the dynamic interactions between three discourses on frugal innovation: (1) innovations for the poor, (2) grassroots innovations by the poor, and more recently (3) co-creating frugal innovations with the poor. We argue that this latter discourse is articulated as a hegemonic project as it is designed to accommodate demands from both business and poor communities. We draw on Laclau and Mouffe’s concepts of ‘chain of difference’, ‘empty signifier’ and ‘floating signifier’ to explain the advent of the hegemonic discourse on co-creating innovations with the poor. We show how a floating signifier with radical potential, frugal innovation, has been hijacked and co-opted in a hegemonic project that has leveraged powerful ambiguous signifiers, with co-creation acting as an empty signifier. To clarify what is problematic in this hegemonic intervention, we expose how contemporary frugal innovation discourse contributes to a project of governing and exploiting rather than helping the poor, in ways that benefit formal economic actors while further worsening global inequalities.