bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordination of stomata and vein patterns with leaf width underpins water‐use efficiency in a C4 crop
Authors: Pan Ling , George‐Jaeggli Barbara , Borrell Andrew , Jordan David , Koller Fiona , Al‐Salman Yazen , Ghannoum Oula , Cano Francisco J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite its importance for crop water use and productivity, especially in drought‐affected environments, the underlying mechanisms of variation in intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE = net photosynthesis/stomatal conductance for water vapour, gsw) are not well understood, especially in C4 plants. Recently, we discovered that leaf width (LW) correlated negatively with iWUE and positively with gsw across several C4 grasses. Here, we confirmed these relationships within 48 field‐grown genotypes differing in LW in Sorghum bicolor, a C4 crop adapted to dry and hot conditions. We measured leaf gas exchange and modelled leaf energy balance three times a day, alongside anatomical traits as potential predictors of iWUE. LW correlated negatively with iWUE and stomatal density, but positively with gsw, interveinal distance of longitudinal veins, and the percentage of stomatal aperture relative to maximum. Energy balance modelling showed that wider leaves needed to open their stomata more to generate a more negative leaf‐to‐air temperature difference, especially at midday when air temperatures exceeded 40°C. These results highlight the important role that LW plays in shaping iWUE through coordination of vein and stomatal traits and by affecting stomatal aperture. Therefore, LW could be used as a predictor of higher iWUE among sorghum genotypes.
The impact of HTR1A and HTR1B methylation combined with stress/genotype on early antidepressant efficacy
Authors: Xu Zhi , Chen Zimu , Shen Tian , Chen Lei , Tan Tingting , Gao Chenjie , Chen Bingwei , Yuan Yonggui , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: November 2021

AimsAntidepressants are effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), while many patients fail to respond to antidepressants. Both 5‐HT1A (HTR1A) and 5‐HT1B (HTR1B) receptors play an important role in antidepressant activity. Meanwhile, DNA methylation is associated with MDD and antidepressant efficacy. In this study we investigate the influence of HTR1A and HTR1B methylation combined with stress/genotype on antidepressant efficacy.MethodsA total of 291 MDD patients and 100 healthy controls received the Life Events Scale (LES) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) as stress assessment. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HTR1A and HTR1B involved in antidepressant mechanisms were tested. Methylation status in 181 cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) sites of HTR1A and HTR1B were assessed. All MDD patients were divided into response (RES) and non‐response (NRES) after 2 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Logistic regression was conducted for interactions between methylation, NLES/CTQ score and genotype.ResultsLow HTR1A‐2‐143 methylation is connected with better antidepressant efficacy in subgroup. Low HTR1A‐2‐143 methylation combined with low CTQ score is related to better antidepressant efficacy. The interaction between high HTR1B methylation with the rs6298 AA/AG genotype affects better antidepressant efficacy.ConclusionsHTR1A and HTR1B methylation combined with stress/genotype is associated with antidepressant efficacy.
Urban greenspace use among adolescents and young adults: An integrative review
Authors: Lyons Rachel , Colbert Alison , Browning Matthew , Jakub Karen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this integrative review was to explore how adolescents and young adults used the social determinant of the built environment, specifically greenspace, as a potential point of intervention to address overall well‐being, specifically mental health symptoms.MethodThe approach used strategies described by Whittemore and Knafl. Peer‐reviewed, published research articles in English were identified using electronic databases CINAHL, PubMed, and EMBASE. Seventeen research reports using qualitative or quantitative methods with adolescents and young adults. Each article was evaluated for quality using a critical appraisal tool by Hawker et al. Data were analyzed and then synthesized using the Matrix Method.FindingsThree themes related to the purpose and aims were extracted: elements of greenspace, activity variation, and amenities. All themes shared a common element of quality, which influenced the perception of safety and greenspace use.DiscussionThe science of urban greenspace and adolescent‐young adult well‐being is still relatively new. Public health nurses can incorporate social determinants of health, such as the built environment in research, to understand how greenspace is to be used as an alternative health strategy to possibly reduce mental health symptoms and improve well‐being.
PD‐1+CXCR5‐CD4+ T cells are correlated with the severity of lung adenocarcinoma malignant processes
Authors: Wang Jin , Tang Yawei , Wu Chunli , Li Weiping , Wang Bing , Jin Minli , Yin Chunlai , Li Xia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeripheral helper T cells (Tph), characterized by PD‐1+CXCR5‐CD4+ phenotypes cells, played critical roles in inflamed tissues. Yet, to date, no researches were developed for lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) that was associated with worse outcome, advanced invasion and chronic inflammation in lung cancer cases. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the impact of Tph cell subsets on the disease progress in peripheral blood and tumour tissue of patients with LADC. The percentages of Tph cell subsets in peripheral blood and tumour tissues obtained from 35 LADC and 10 healthy controls were examined by flow cytometry. In addition, invasion and tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage were also determined by Spearman's correlation test to assess their association with Tph cell subset. Furthermore, the effects of tumour microenvironment on Tph were investigated. The present results revealed that the percentage of Tph cells significantly increased in PBMC compared with healthy controls. In addition, similar results were observed in tumour tissues of LADC patients when compared to tumour‐adjacent control tissue. In addition, Tph cells were highly activated, appearing as ICOS increased, and associated with LADC invasion, compared with healthy controls. Notably, tumour environment could prefer Tph cells to promote tumour malignancy. Tph cells were observed in PBMC and tumour tissues from patients with LADC and highly associated with LADC invasion. Altogether, the present study indicates that elevated Tph cells could primarily be used as a potential therapeutic target in LADC patients.
The impact of COVID‐19 and political identification on framing bias in an infectious disease experiment: The frame reigns supreme
Authors: Wolaver Amy M. , Doces John A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic have become highly polarized, and public health initiatives often try to use different frames to influence behavior. If the polarization of behaviors is related to differences in responses to frames, then different health messages could be targeted to different groups to influence behavior.ObjectiveTo determine whether risk preferences and susceptibility to gain/loss frames have been affected by COVID‐19 and whether they differ along partisan lines.MethodsUsing repeated cross‐sectional data from a nationally representative dataset in the United States replicating the disease outbreak scenario collected before and after the onset of COVID‐19, we test whether responsiveness to the gain/loss frames has changed over time and whether the responsiveness varies by political affiliation.ResultsThe experimental results show that the risk preferences of the U.S. population is very susceptible to the framing of
choices, consistent with the literature finding risk loving preferences under the loss frame and risk aversion under the gain frame. However, the experience of COVID‐19 does not appear to have changed the responsiveness, nor are there
significant differences between conservatives/Republicans and liberals/Democrats.ConclusionTargeting different partisan groups with different risk‐related message frames is unlikely to be effective at altering behaviors.
Rice RS2‐9, which is bound by transcription factor OSH1, blocks enhancer–promoter interactions in plants
Authors: Liu Huawei , Jiang Li , Wen Zhifeng , Yang Yingjun , Singer Stacy D. , Bennett Dennis , Xu Wenying , Su Zhen , Yu Zhifang , Cohn Jonathan , Chae Hyunsook , Que Qiudeng , Liu Yue , Liu Chang , Liu Zongrang 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYInsulators characterized in Drosophila and mammals have been shown to play a key role in the restriction of promiscuous enhancer–promoter interactions, as well as reshaping the topological landscape of chromosomes. Yet the role of insulators in plants remains poorly understood, in large part because of a lack of well‐characterized insulators and binding factor(s). In this study, we isolated a 1.2‐kb RS2‐9 insulator from the Oryza sativa (rice) genome that can, when interposed between an enhancer and promoter, efficiently block the activation function of both constitutive and floral organ‐specific enhancers in transgenic Arabidopsis and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). In the rice genome, the genes flanking RS2‐9 exhibit an absence of mutual transcriptional interactions, as well as a lack of histone modification spread. We further determined that O. sativa Homeobox 1 (OSH1) bound two regions of RS2‐9, as well as over 50 000 additional sites in the rice genome, the majority of which resided in intergenic regions. Mutation of one of the two OSH1‐binding sites in RS2‐9 impaired insulation activity by up to 60%, whereas the mutation of both binding sites virtually abolished insulator function. We also demonstrated that OSH1 binding sites were associated with 72% of the boundaries of topologically associated domains (TADs) identified in the rice genome, which is comparable to the 77% of TAD boundaries bound by the insulator CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF) in mammals. Taken together, our findings indicate that OSH1‐RS2‐9 acts as a true insulator in plants, and highlight a potential role for OSH1 in gene insulation and topological organization in plant genomes.
Monetary policy regimes: A global assessment
Authors: Paranavithana Harsha , Tyers Rod , Magnusson Leandro , Schiffmann Florian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn eight‐region, stochastic, general equilibrium model that incorporates global money and financial markets is used, first, to identify the distributions of regional supply side shocks in 1954–2016 from real GDP data. Second, in Monte Carlo simulations, the model is subjected to random draws from these distributions in all regions simultaneously, under a range of combinations of monetary targets. These experiments begin with a comparison of the volatilities of output and welfare (defined as the purchasing power of disposable income at regional prices) under current de facto and de jure monetary targets. The results show that the de facto targets offer significant improvement. A further analysis of targeting games suggests that a Nash equilibrium on output risk is dominated by nominal GDP targeting, while the corresponding Nash equilibrium on welfare risk has predominant inflation targeting (IT). Notwithstanding IMF policy to convert developing country central banks to inflation targeting, a fallacy of composition is observed in the spread of IT internationally. This spread tends to raise the volatility of welfare in the established open economies.
Stability of the Interface Between Two Immiscible Liquids in a Model Eye Subject to Saccadic Motion
Authors: Wang Ru , Tsai Jheng-Han , Snead Martin P. , Alexander Philip , Wilson D. Ian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The interface between silicone oil and saline layers in a three-dimensional model of the eye chamber was studied under different eye-like saccadic motions in order to determine the stability of the interface and propensity for emulsification in the bulk. The effect of level of fill, saccade amplitude, angular velocity, latency time, and orientation were investigated experimentally in spherical flasks with internal diameters 10, 28, and 40 mm, as well as a 28 mm diameter flask with an indent replicating the lens or the presence of a buckle. The deformation of the interface was quantified in terms of the change in its length in two-dimensional images. The deformation increased with Weber number, We, and was roughly proportional to We for We &gt; 1. The presence of the lens gave rise to higher deformation near this feature. In all cases emulsification was not observed in either bulk fluid. The velocity profile in the spherical configuration was mapped using particle imaging velocimetry and is compared with an analytical solution and a short computational fluid dynamics simulation study. These confirm that the saccadic motion induces flow near the wall in the saline layer and significantly further into the chamber in the silicone oil. Surfactants soluble in the aqueous and oil phases reduced the interfacial tension, increasing deformation but did not lead to emulsification in the bulk.
Evaluation of the Load Reduction Performance Via a Suspended Backpack With Adjustable Stiffness
Authors: Yang Zhenhua , Huang Ledeng , Zeng Ziniu , Wang Ruishi , Hu Ruizhe , Xie Longhan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Backpacks are essential for travel but carrying a load during a long journey can easily cause muscle fatigue and joint injuries. Previous studies have suggested that suspended backpacks can effectively reduce the energy cost while carrying loads. Researchers have found that adjusting the stiffness of a suspended backpack can optimize its performance. Therefore, this paper proposes a stiffness-adjustable suspended backpack; the system stiffness can be adjusted to suitable values at different speeds. The stiffness of the suspended backpack with a 5-kg load was designed to be 690 N/m for a speed of 4.5 km/h, and it was adjusted to 870 and 1050 N/m at speeds of 5.5 and 6.5 km/h, respectively. The goal of this study was to determine how carrying a stiffness-adjustable suspended backpack affected performance while carrying a load. Six healthy participants participated in experiments where they wore two backpacks under three conditions: the adjustable-stiffness suspended backpack condition (S_A), the unadjustable-stiffness suspended backpack condition (S_UA), and the ordinary backpack condition (ORB). Our results showed that the peak accelerations, muscle activities, and peak ground reaction forces in the S_A condition were reduced effectively by adjusting the stiffness to adapt to different walking speeds; this adjustment decreased the metabolic cost by 4.21 ± 1.21% and 2.68 ± 0.88% at 5.5 km/h and 4.27 ± 1.35% and 3.38 ± 1.31% at 6.5 km/h compared to the ORB and S_UA, respectively.
Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Heating for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kwizera Elyahb Allie , Stewart Samantha , Mahmud Md Musavvir , He Xiaoming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles, especially superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), have attracted tremendous attention for various biomedical applications. Facile synthesis and functionalization together with easy control of the size and shape of SPIONs to customize their unique properties have made it possible to develop different types of SPIONs tailored for diverse functions/applications. More recently, considerable attention has been paid to the thermal effect of SPIONs for the treatment of diseases like cancer and for nanowarming of cryopreserved/banked cells, tissues, and organs. In this minireview, recent advances on the magnetic heating effect of SPIONs for magnetothermal therapy and enhancement of cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs are discussed, together with the nonmagnetic heating effect (i.e., high-intensity focused ultrasound or HIFU-activated heating) of SPIONs for cancer therapy. Furthermore, challenges facing the use of magnetic nanoparticles in these biomedical applications are presented.
Mechanical Behavior of Buried Pipeline Crossing Thaw Settlement Zone
Authors: Xie Rui , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thaw settlement is one of main reasons caused pipeline failure crossing cold region. The modeling method of mechanical response of pipeline crossing thaw settlement zone is proposed, the mechanical behavior of buried pipeline is investigated. Effects of pipeline and soil parameters on the buried pipeline were discussed. The results show that the high stress area and the maximum axial strain of the pipeline are at the edge of the thaw settlement zone. The upper surface of the pipeline is tensile strain while the lower surface is compressive strain. The maximum ovality of pipeline near the edge of thaw settlement zone tends to oval. The pipeline axial strain, ovality, and displacement decrease with the increasing of pipeline wall thickness while the change of high stress area is not obvious. The high stress area and ovality decrease with the increasing of pipeline diameter while the high stress area is expanded along the axial direction, but axial strain decreases slightly. The high stress area, axial strain, ovality, and displacement of pipeline decrease with the buried depth increases. With the internal pressure increases, the stress and axial strain of pipeline increase, but the ovality decreases. The soil's elasticity modulus has no obvious effect on pipelinès stress, axial strain, and displacement, but it can affect ovality slightly.
What Is the Level of Contextual Interference in Serial Practice? A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Lage Guilherme M. , Faria Larissa O. , Ambrósio Natália F.A. , Borges Athos M.P. , Apolinário-Souza Tércio 
Published: November 2021

For over 40 years, the contextual interference effect in motor learning has been investigated. While the difference between levels of contextual interference experienced under blocked and random practice are well established, the difference in the levels of contextual interference experienced under serial and random practice is still ambiguous. Therefore, a meta-analytic review was conducted to clarify this inconsistency. We focused on one question: Do random practice and serial practice have the same effect on motor learning? ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus database were searched. Nine studies were included. The results of our meta-analyses show that serial and random practices present the same results in terms of performance in retention and transfer tests. This result is aligned to the original ﬁnding of the contextual interference effect, as well as its explanatory hypotheses. In addition, a complementary explanation in defense of the same mechanisms operating in serial and random practices is discussed. In conclusion, our results suggest that serial practice present high contextual interference.
Next-to-leading-order corrections to the Higgs strahlung process from electron–positron collisions in extended Higgs models
Authors: Aiko Masashi , Kanemura Shinya , Mawatari Kentarou 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present the cross section for $$e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow hZ$$

e
+

e
-

→
h
Z

with arbitrary sets of electron and Z boson polarizations at the full next-to-leading order in various extended Higgs models, such as the Higgs singlet model (HSM), the inert doublet model (IDM) and the two Higgs doublet model (2HDM). We systematically perform complete one-loop calculations to the helicity amplitudes in the on-shell renormalization scheme, and present the full analytic results as well as numerical evaluations. The deviation $$\Delta R^{hZ}$$

Δ

R

hZ

in the total cross section from its standard model (SM) prediction is comprehensively analyzed, and the differences among these models are discussed in details. We find that new physics effects appearing in the renormalized hZZ vertex almost govern the behavior of $$\Delta R^{hZ}$$

Δ

R

hZ

, and it takes a negative value in most cases. The possible size of $$\Delta R^{hZ}$$

Δ

R

hZ

reaches several percent under the theoretical and experimental bounds. We also analyze the deviation $$\Delta R^{hZ}_{XY}$$

Δ

R

XY

hZ

in the total cross section times decay branching ratios of the discovered Higgs boson by utilizing the program. It is found that the four types of 2HDMs can be discriminated by analyzing the correlation between $$\Delta R^{hZ}_{\tau \tau }$$

Δ

R

τ
τ

hZ

and $$\Delta R^{hZ}_{bb}$$

Δ

R

bb

hZ

and those between $$\Delta R^{hZ}_{\tau \tau }$$

Δ

R

τ
τ

hZ

and $$\Delta R^{hZ}_{cc}$$

Δ

R

cc

hZ

. Furthermore, the HSM and the IDM can be discriminated from the 2HDMs by measuring $$\Delta R^{hZ}_{WW}$$

Δ

R

WW

hZ

. These signatures can be tested by precision measurements at future Higgs factories such as the International Linear Collider.
$$A_0$$-condensation in quark-gluon plasma with finite baryon density
Authors: Bordag M. , Skalozub V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the present paper, we return to the problem of spontaneous generation of the$$A_0$$A0-background field in QCD at finite temperature and a quark chemical potential,$$\mu $$μ. On the lattice, this problem was studied by different approaches where an analytic continuation to the imaginary potential$$i \mu $$iμhas been used. Here we consider both, real and imaginary chemical potential, analytically within the two-loop gauge-fixing independent effective potential$$W_{eff.}$$Weff.. We realize the gauge independence in to ways: (1) on the base of Nielsen’s identity and (2) expressing the potential in terms of Polyakov’s loop. Firstly we reproduce the known expressions in terms of Bernoulli’s polynomials for the gluons and quarks. Then, we calculate the$$\mu $$μ-dependence, either for small$$\mu $$μas expansion or numerically for finite$$\mu $$μ, real and imaginary. One result is that the chemical potential only weakly changes the values of the condensate fields, but quite strongly deepens the minima of the effective potential. We investigate the dependence of Polyakov’s loop in the minimum of the effective potential, thermodynamic pressure and Debye’s mass on the chemical potential. Comparisons with other results are given.
On the inverse hoop conjecture of Hod
Authors: Nandi K. K. , Izmailov R. N. , Potapov A. A. , Migranov N. G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, Hod has shown that Thorne’s hoop conjecture ($$\frac{C(R)}{4\pi M(r\le R)} \le 1\Rightarrow $$

C
(
R
)

4
π
M
(
r
≤
R
)

≤
1
⇒

horizon) is violated by stationary black holes and so he proposed a new inverse hoop conjecture characterizing such black holes (that is, horizon $$\Rightarrow \mathcal {H =} \frac{\pi \mathcal {A} }{\mathcal {C}_{{eq} }^{2}} \le 1$$

⇒

H
=

π
A

C

eq

2

≤
1

). In this paper, it is exemplified that stationary hairy black holes, endowed with Lorentz symmetry violating Bumblebee vector field related to quantum gravity and dilaton field of string theory, also respect the inverse conjecture. It is shown that stationary hairy singularity, recently derived by Bogush and Galt’sov, does not respect the conjecture thereby protecting it. However, curiously, there are two horizonless stationary wormholes that can also respect the conjecture. Thus one may also state that throat $$\Rightarrow \mathcal {H \le }1$$

⇒

H
≤

1

, suggesting that the inverse conjecture may be a necessary but not sufficient proposition.