bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal distribution of potentially toxic elements in the lower Gangetic delta and their implications for non-carcinogenic health risk management
Authors: Ghosh Somdeep , Bakshi Madhurima , Mahanty Shouvik , Gaine Tanushree , Bhattacharyya Subarna , Biswas Jayanta Kumar , Chaudhuri Punarbasu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
River Hooghly, an offshoot of river Ganges is one of the major rivers of Asia having traditional, social, economic, religious and spiritual values. Water samples were collected from eighteen sampling locations of river Hooghly during summer, monsoon, and winter season, and analysed for basic physico-chemical properties and selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Several PTEs such as Al, Fe, Ni and Pb were above the permissible limits, prescribed by national and international guidelines. The trend of variation in the mean PTE concentrations showed the following order: Cd < Pb < Co < Cr < Ni < Cu < Zn < Mn < Fe. Due to the presence of high total dissolve solid (TDS) and PTE contents, the water quality of river Hooghly is not suitable for direct human consumption. The evaluated Water Quality Index (WQI) value showed a distinct spatio-temporal variation indicating very severe condition of water quality, which is deteriorating gradually from upstream to downstream. In summer, monsoon and winter, the highest WQI values were observed in Maushuni Island (S15), Petuaghat (S18) and Tapoban (S17) respectively. However, the non-carcinogenic human health risk in terms of Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index values of PTEs indicates no immediate adverse impact on human health due to exposure of PTE contaminated water from river Hooghly through ingestion or dermal route. Though these risk values for children were higher than adults warranting the adoption of a long-term management plan to cope with potential human health risks. The result suggests implementation of a combination of stringent socio-legal regulations and software based models for sustainable water related health risk management in river Hooghly.
Perceptual Factors (Awareness, Attitude) and Positive, Indeterminate and Negative Nurturing Factors Affecting Physical Activity of Pregnant Women Visiting Health-care Centers in Tehran: Examination and Analyses
Authors: Kianfard Leila , SHokravi Farkhonde Amin , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Niknami Shamsaddin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceptual factors (awareness, attitude) and positive, intermediate and negative nurturing factors on physical activity of pregnant women visiting health centers in Tehran. MethodsThe present research was an applied study in which a quasi-experimental research design (pre-test-post-test) with a control group was employed. The Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) and a questionnaire designed based on the results of needs assessment and dimensions of the PEN-3 model were used for the purposes of this study. This study is a randomized control trial (RCT). ResultsThe results indicated that the intervention based on E-learning has a statistically significant effect on perceptual factors (awareness, attitude) in increasing physical activity of pregnant women in the experimental group. Furthermore, E-learning-based intervention has a significant effect on increasing physical activity of pregnant women in the experimental group compared to the control group.ConclusionBased on the research results, it can be said that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores obtained from perceptual factors (awareness, attitude) in the pre-test and the experimental group. Furthermore, it is safe to say that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores obtained from physical activity in the pre-test and the experimental group.
Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetes and Prediabetes in Southwestern Iran: The Khuzestan Comprehensive Health Study (KCHS)
Authors: Hariri Sanam , Rahimi Zahra , Madani Nahid Hashemi , Mard Seyyed Ali , Hashemi Farnaz , Mohammadi Zahra , Danehchin Leila , Abolnezhadian Farhad , Valipour Aliasghar , Paridar Yousef , Mir-Nasseri Mohammad Mahdi , Khajavi Alireza , Masoudi Sahar , Alvand Saba , Cheraghian Bahman , Shayesteh Ali Akbar , Khamseh Mohammad E. , Poustchi Hossein 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is postulated to have the highest increase in the prevalence of diabetes by 2030; however, studies on the epidemiology of diabetes are rather limited across the region, including in Iran.Methods: This study was conducted between 2016 and 2018 among Iranian adults aged 20 to 65 years residing in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. Diabetes was defined as fasting blood sugar (FBS) ≥ 126 mg/dl and/or taking oral anti-diabetic medications. Prediabetes was defined as FBS ≥ 100 but ≤ 125 mg/dl. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the association of multiple risk factors that attained significance on the outcome.Results: Overall, 30,500 participants were recruited; the mean (±SD) age was 41.6 (±11.9) years. The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes were 30.8% and 15.2%, respectively. We found a comparable prevalence of diabetes in both sexes, although it was higher among illiterates, urban residents, married people, and smokers. Participants aged ≥ 50 and those with Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 were more likely to be affected by diabetes [RR: 18.5 (16.4,21.0) and 3.2 (2.9,3.5)]. Hypertension [RR: 5.1 (4.7,5.4)], waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm [RR: 3.6 (3.3,3.9)], and family history [RR: 2.4 (2.2,2.6)] were also significantly associated with diabetes. For prediabetes, the main risk factors were age ≥ 50 [RR: 2.4 (2.3,2.6)], BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 [RR: 1.9 (1.7 ,2.0)], hypertension and WC ≥ 90 cm [RR: 1.7 (1.6 ,1.8)]. Conclusions: Prediabetes and diabetes are prevalent in southwestern Iran. The major determinants are older age, obesity, and the presence of hypertension. Further interventions are required to escalate diabetes prevention and diagnosis in high-risk areas across Iran.
Shuanghuanglian Injection for Viral Pneumonia: A Protocol for Meta-analysis
Authors: YUAN YANG , Zheng Quan , Hu Mingjun , Si Zhilin , Xie Shuncheng , Li Zhi , He Chengshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:Viral pneumonia is inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the lungs due to infection with a virus. Rapidly progressing viral pneumonia is associated with considerable mortality, representing a severe threat and imparting a substantial financial burden worldwide.Specific treatments for the viral pneumonia were not yet determined. Recently, Shuanghuanglian injection of Traditional Chinese Medicine was used to treat viral pneumonia. However,there is no systematic reviews have evaluated its efficacy and safety for viral pneumonia.Methods:We search four English databases ( Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane library) and four Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database) for all randomized controlled trial of Shuanghuanglian injection for the treatment of viral pneumonia until 11st of December , 2020. Two reviewers individually extracted data from the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data will be synthesized by either the fixed-effects or random-effects model according to a heterogeneity test, Methodological quality assessment and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane bias risk tool. Meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan5.3.5 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.Results: Viral pneumonia has become a disease with substantial mortality. A systematic review assessing the beneficial and harmful effects of Shuanghuanglian injection for viral pneumonia is needed. This study will compare the different outcome indicators of various studies directly and indirectly.This analysis will provide a high-quality synthesis of effectiveness and safety of Shuanghuanglian injection treatment for viral pneumonia.The main outcome indicators include: Outcomes will include mortality, cure rate, efficacy or adverse events confirmed by imaging diagnosis. Systematic review registration: INPLASY2020120047.
Change in Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients With Colorectal Cancer During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China: a Single-institution Retrospective Analysis Based on Real-world Data
Authors: Yang Yu , Li Yuxuan , Li Songyan , Du Xiaohui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 is in the global epidemic, which seriously affects the normal medical order. How to effectively manage colorectal cancer under the background of regular epidemic prevention and control need to gather the experience and wisdom of countries all over the world to study together.Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed to compare colorectal cancer patients’ clinical characters between the severe epidemic group (SEG,January 20, 2020 to March 20, 2020) versus the epidemic remission group (ERG, April 20, 2019 to June 20, 2020). The demographic characteristics, surgical data, postoperative pathological features and postoperative clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared.Results: 112 patients were enrolled in the study, including 47 patients in SEG and 65 patients in ERG. There was no significant difference in age, sex, height, weight and body mass index between two groups. The proportion of local patients in SEG was significantly higher than that in ERG (P=0.001). More patients in ERG received preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (Neo-CRT) (P=0.025). There was no significant difference in pT staging, pN staging and pM staging between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the overall pTNM staging was earlier in the SEG (P < 0.001). At the same time, the proportion of vascular invasion (P=0.004) and perineural invasion (P < 0.001) in SEG was higher than that in ERG. There were no postoperative complications in STG group, but 6 patients in ECG group had postoperative complications, including 4 cases of incision infection and 2 cases of anastomotic leakage. It should be noted that, 5 of these 6 patients received Neo-CRT before operation. Conclusion: our study shows that due to the interference of serious epidemic situation to medical activities and more patients choosing preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, some patients delayed operation to the period of the epidemic remission, which may lead to the progress of tumor staging and increase the risk of postoperative complications. In addition, we hope that our strategy for colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment during the epidemic will help other surgeons.
Prediction of Glass Forming Ability of Bulk Metallic Glasses-Machine-Learning
Authors: Gedi Jaideep Reddy , Saboo Tanay , AYYAGARI KAMESWARI PRASADA Rao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bulk-Metallic-Glass has been a fascinating class of metallic systems with remarkable corrosion resistance, elastic modulus and wear resistance, while evaluating the glass forming ability has been a very interesting aspect for decades. Machine learning techniques viz., artificial neural networks and random-forest based models have been developed in this work to predict the glass forming ability, given the composition of the bulk metallic glassy alloy. A new criterion of classification of atoms present in a bulk metallic glassy alloy is proposed. Feature importance analysis confirmed that the accuracy of the prediction depends mainly on change in enthalpy of mixing and change in entropy of mixing. However, among the artificial neural network random forest models developed, the former showed a promising accuracy in prediction of the glass formation ability (critical thickness). It has been successfully demonstrated and validated with experimental critical thickness that the glass forming ability can be predicted using an artificial neural network given the elemental composition alone. A computational algorithm was also developed to classify the atoms as big/ small in a given alloy. The outcome of this algorithm was used by models developed by training with experimental data.
Meta Analysis of the Influence of Prone Ventilation Duration on the Mortality of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome at 28 Days and 3 Months
Authors: Ba Cuirong , Wang Xiaoqiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the effect of prone ventilation duration on the mortality of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) at 28 days and 3 months.Materials and Methods: Use a computer to search of relevant studies published in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CBM, CnKI, VIP and Wanfang database on the influence of prone ventilation on the mortality rate of ARDS patients was conducted. Two personnel trained in evidence-based medicine collected literature and extracted data against inclusion and exclusion criteria, and Meta analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 29 randomized controlled trials were included, involving 3,617 patients. These studies were divided into the <8 hour group, the 8-16 hour group, and the >=16 hour group according to according to the duration of prone ventilation.Results: The total effect value of 28d fatality rate was [(OR=0.58, 95%CI(0.46, 0.73), P<0.00001]. All subgroups and the combined effect were statistically significant. Among the 3M fatality rates, only>= 16-hour prone ventilation was statistically significant, and the effect value was [(OR=0.59, 95%CI (0.46, 0.75), P<0.0001]. The 3M fatality rates of the 8-16 hour and <8 hour groups were not statistically significant. Since there was only one study on 8-16 hour ventilation, only subgroup analysis was performed without combining the statistical values of the three groups.Conclusion: Prone ventilation can reduce the short-term mortality of ARDS patients, but from a long time (>=3M), only prone ventilation time >=16 hours can significantly benefit patients. The registration number will be issued.
New Insights Into the Minimum Teeth Number and Modification Coefficient of Standard Involute Gears Without Undercutting
Authors: Zhang Hongshen , He Jianing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The calculation equations for the minimum teeth number and the minimum modification coefficient of standard involute gears without undercutting are inaccurately described and researched in many studies. These errors are knowledge blind spots in mechanical engineering that have been introduced into the design and manufacturing of standard involute gears. Furthermore, these errors are continually imparted to tens of thousands of students in colleges every yearly. Racks have been incorrectly regarded as the rack-shaped cutters in the derivation of the calculation equations. The theoretical research, numerical simulation and experiments of the undercutting phenomenon of standard involute gears manufactured using rack-shaped cutters are presented. Firstly, theoretical analysis and calculation of the minimum teeth number and the minimum modification coefficient of standard involute gears without undercutting are performed. Subsequently, the correct minimum teeth number and the minimum modification coefficient without undercutting are deduced. The computer simulations of the theoretical calculations are then examined considering the necessary cases. Experiments of standard involute spur gears with z = 10, 12, 17 and 22 are conducted, thereby validating the research. This study addresses the long-standing errors regarding the traditional undercutting phenomenon and provides an effective theoretical guide for gear design and manufacturing.
Cascading from SARS-CoV-2 to Parkinson's Disease through Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Estrada Ernesto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background: Extensive extrapulmonary damages in a dozen of organs/systems, including the central nervous system (CNS), are reported in patients of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Three cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported as a direct consequence of COVID-19. In spite of the scarce data for establishing a definitive link between COVID-19 and PD some hypothesis have been proposed to explain the cases reported. They, however, do not fit well with the clinical findings reported for COVID-19 patients in general and for the PD cases reported in particular. Given the importance of this potential connection we present here a molecular-level mechanism that explain well these findings and will serve to explore the potential CNS damage in COVID-19 patients.Methods: A model explaining the cascade effects from COVID-19 to CNS is developed by using bioinformatic tools. It includes the post-translational modification of host proteins in the lungs by viral proteins, the transport of modified host proteins via exosomes out the lungs, and the disruption of protein-protein interaction in the CNS by these modified host proteins.Results: We found 44 proteins significantly expressed in the CNS which are associated with PD and whose interactions can be perturbed by 24 host proteins significantly expressed in the lungs. These 24 perturbators are found to interact with viral proteins and to form part of the cargoes of exosomes in human tissues. The joint set of perturbators and PD-vulnerable proteins form a tightly connected network with significantly more connections than expected by selecting a random cluster of proteins of similar size from the human proteome.Conclusions: The molecular-level mechanism presented here provides several routes for the cascading of effects from the lungs of COVID-19 patients to PD. In particular, the disruption of autophagy/ubiquitination processes appears as an important mechanism that triggers the generation of large amounts of exosomes containing perturbators in their cargo, which would insult several PD-vulnerable proteins, potentially triggering Parkinsonism in COVID-19 patients.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen: A Predictor of Inflammatory Condition in Patients with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis?
Authors: Ge Huan , Yin Feifei , Jiang Yuanyuan , Luo Lisha , Deng Shuanglinzi , Zhang Yingyu , Zhang Daimo , Yang Yifei , Tang Huan , Cai Runjin , Hu Xinyue , Wu Chendong , Li Xiaozhao , Feng Juntao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillus (ABPA) is a complex non-infectious pulmonary benign disease caused by immune response against to aspergillus. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker but also elevated in some benign diseases. Few studies on ABPA with elevated serum CEA levels have been reported. Objects: This study aims to comb the clinical characters of ABPA with elevated serum CEA. Methods: 20 patients diagnosed as ABPA were divided into two groups (CEA normal and CEA elevated) for retrospective analysis. The eosinophil count and ratio, IgE level in the pretherapy and post-treatment were compared. Serum samples of patients with ABPA (n = 20) and asthma (n = 20), healthy controls (n=20) were collected. Levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF, IFN-γ) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: We found that in ABPA patients with normal serum CEA levels, eosinophil counts and IgE levels decreased more obviously after treatment. Besides, we established higher serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF and IFN-γ in ABPA patients with elevated serum CEA levels.Conclusion: For the ABPA patients with elevated serum CEA levels, CEA may serve as a monitoring indicator for severity and treatment efficacy of ABPA.
Trends and Contributing Factors of the Change of HIV Prevalence Over Time Among Reproductive Age Group Women in Ethiopia Evidenced by Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) Data: a Cross-sectional Study: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis.
Authors: Negesse Yilkal , Alemayehu Dereje , Setegn Melsew , Addisu Abebaw , Wondimu Wondimagegn , Gichew Smegnew , Bogale Biruk , Yosef Tewodros , Fetene Gossa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. At the beginning of the epidemic, around 76.1 million people were infected and 32 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses in the world. Sub-Saharan Africa regions are the most affected regions and accounted for 67% of HIV infections worldwide, and 72% of the world’s AIDS-related deaths.Objective: To show trends and contributing factors for the change of HIV prevalence over time among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia.Methods: This study was conducted based on Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys data. A total of 10423 in 2005, 15153 in 2011, and 14159 in 2016 women were involved in the study. Multivariate decomposition analysis was performed using the mvdcmp Stata package to identify the contributing factors of change of HIV prevalence over time. The 95% confidence interval was used for the test of significance. Results: This study showed that 90.4 % of the change in HIV prevalence over time was attributable to behavioral change over time, particularly in women who were rural residents and not exposed to media. The behavioral change of women who live in rural areas was the major factor for the decline of HIV for the last ten years. The behavioral change of women who hadn’t exposure to media contributed 98.4% to the decline of HIV prevalence over the past ten years.Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia was significantly declined over the last ten years and the decline was due to behavioral change over time. The major factor for the reduction of HIV prevalence overtime was the behavioral change of rural resident women. Therefore Ethiopian government should primarily focus on the strengthening and scaling up of behavioral change packages related to HIV prevention and control methods.