bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramuscular adipose tissue in the quadriceps is more strongly related to recovery of activities of daily living than muscle mass in older inpatients
Authors: Akazawa Naoki , Kishi Masaki , Hino Toshikazu , Tsuji Ryota , Tamura Kimiyuki , Hioka Akemi , Moriyama Hideki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between intramuscular adipose tissue at admission and recovery of activities of daily living (ADL) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between intramuscular adipose tissue in the quadriceps at admission and recovery of ADL in older inpatients.MethodsThis prospective study included 404 inpatients aged ≥65 years (54.7% female). Recovery of ADL during hospital stay was assessed using the Barthel Index (BI) score at discharge, BI score change, and BI efficiency. Higher BI at discharge, BI score change, and BI efficiency indicate more improvement in ADL. Intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle mass of the quadriceps were assessed using echo intensity and muscle thickness on ultrasound images, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with BI score at discharge, BI score change, and BI efficiency. The independent variables were BI score at admission, echo intensity and muscle thickness of the quadriceps, age, sex, number of medications, C‐reactive protein concentration, updated Charlson Comorbidity Index score, Food Intake Level Scale, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index score, days from onset disease, length of hospital stay, number of units of rehabilitation therapy, and subcutaneous fat thickness of the thigh.ResultsThe medians (inter‐quartile range) of the BI score at discharge, BI score change, and BI efficiency were 60.0 (35.0–80.0), 10.0 (0.0–25.0), and 0.11 (0.00–0.37), respectively. The median (inter‐quartile range) of the length of hospital stay (days) and days from onset disease were 58.0 (39.0–92.0) and 79.0 (49.0–112.0), respectively. Quadriceps echo intensity was independently and significantly associated with the BI score at discharge (β = −0.13, P < 0.01), BI score change (β = −0.23, P < 0.01), and BI efficiency (β = −0.21, P < 0.01). Quadriceps thickness was not independently and significantly associated with the BI score at discharge (β = −0.02, P = 0.68), BI score change (β = −0.02, P = 0.79), and BI efficiency (β = 0.03, P = 0.67).ConclusionsOur study indicates that greater intramuscular adipose tissue in the quadriceps at admission is more strongly related to worse recovery of ADL than less muscle mass in older inpatients. Greater intramuscular adipose tissue in the quadriceps in older inpatients is considered to be a predictor of worse recovery of ADL, and intervening for greater intramuscular adipose tissue may be important for improving ADL in older inpatients.
Attached culture of Gibberella fujikuroi for biocomposite sorbent production and ciprofloxacin sequestration applications
Authors: Akar Tamer , Sayin Fatih , Celik Sema , Tunali Akar Sibel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water sources are significant threats to public health, as well as the water ecosystem and water reuse. In this study, the feasibility of the biosorption of ciprofloxacin (CIP) using pine needles biomass‐Gibberella fujikuroi immobilized biocomposite (PNGFB) was promoted. It was prepared by passive cell immobilization onto the lignocellulosic matrix. The suggested biosorbent was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and zeta potential analysis. Series of batch and continuous mode experiments were conducted.RESULTSThe results of both systems showed that the PNGFB was effectively used for the treatment of CIP contamination. The maximum uptake occurred at pH 6.0, 40 min contact time, 1.0 mL min−1 flow rate, and 0.10 g (batch) and 0.20 g (column) PNGFB dosages. Redlich–Peterson isotherm model was the best suited to equilibrium data and the pseudo‐second‐order model predicted the biosorption kinetics. The maximum monolayer biosorption capability was 39.17 mg g−1. The suggested biocomposite also reached CIP removal yields of 64.14% and 53.74% in synthetic hospital effluent and synthetic urine samples containing 100 mg L−1 antibiotic, respectively. The regeneration study indicates that PNGFB retained its high biosorption and desorption yields during five cycles of the biosorption‐desorption.CONCLUSIONThe findings clearly showed that the PNGFB seems to be an eco‐friendly, effective, economic, and potentially viable biocomposite sorbent for the sustainable removal of CIP contamination. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Detecting Muscle Invasion of Bladder Cancer Using a Proposed Magnetic Resonance Imaging Strategy
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Tu Ning , Sun Feng , Wen Zhi , Lan Xinxin , Lei Yi , Cui Enming , Lin Fan 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAccurate evaluation of the invasion depth of tumors with a Vesical Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (VI‐RADS) score of 3 is difficult.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) strategy based on the integration of the VI‐RADS and tumor contact length (TCL) for the diagnosis of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).Study typeSingle center, retrospective.SubjectsA group of 179 patients with a mean age of 67 years (range, 24.0–96.0) underwent multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) before surgery, including 147 (82.1%) males and 32 (17.9%) females. Twenty‐four (13.4%), 90 (50.3%), 43 (24.0%), 15 (8.4%), and 7 (3.9%) cases were Ta, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively.Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5 T and 3.0 T, T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo (TSE), single‐shot echo‐planar (SS‐EPI), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and T1‐weighted volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (T1‐VIBE).AssessmentThree radiologists independently graded the VI‐RADS score and measured the TCL on index lesion images. A proposed MRI strategy called VI‐RADS_TCL was introduced by modifying the VI‐RADS score, which was downgraded to VI‐RADS 3F (equal to a VI‐RADS score of 2) if VI‐RADS = 3 and TCL < 3 cm.Statistical TestsIntraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐square tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and 2 × 2 contingency tables were applied.ResultsInter‐reader agreement values were 0.941 (95% CI, 0.924–0.955) and 0.934 (95% CI, 0.916–0.948) for the TCL and VI‐RADS score. The TCL was significantly increased in the MIBC group (6.40–6.85 cm) compared with the NMIBC group (1.98–2.45 cm) (P < 0.05). The specificity and positive predictive values (PPV) of VI‐RADS_TCL were 82.46%–87.72% and 90.91%–91.59%, which were significantly greater than VI‐RADS score (P < 0.05). Additionally, 52.17%–55.88% NMIBC lesions with VI‐RADS 3 were downgraded to 3F by using VI‐RADS_TCL.Data ConclusionThe proposed MRI strategy could reduce the false‐positive rate of lesions with a VI‐RADS score of 3 while retaining sensitivity.Evidence Level4Technical Efficacy2
Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide and gingival fibroblast augment MMP‐9 expression of monocytic U937 cells through cyclophilin A
Authors: Chen Tzu‐Ying , Kuo Po‐Jan , Lin Chi‐Yu , Hung Tsung‐Fu , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Chiang Cheng‐Yang , Shih Kuang‐Chung , Fu Earl 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntercellular cross‐talking was suggested in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 expression with unknown mechanisms. Studies showed cyclophilin A (CypA) playing an important role in regulating MMP‐9 expression in varied diseases. The aim of the study was to examine the CyPA on the MMP‐9 augmentation in monocytic U937 cells after Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and human gingival fibroblast (hGF) co‐culture.MethodsIn independent culture or co‐culture of hGF and U937 cell, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and zymography were selected to examine the mRNA and protein activity of MMP‐9, respectively. The CyPA expression was determined by qPCR.ResultsLPS could enhance MMP‐9 mRNA expression and enzyme activity in U937 cell. However, the enhancements were not observed in hGF. Similarly, LPS enhanced CyPA mRNA in U937, but not in hGF. After co‐cultured with hGF, however, MMP‐9 and CyPA in U937 increased regardless of the presence/absence of LPS. In U937 cells, the extra‐supplied CyPA increased MMP‐9 mRNA and enzyme activity, whereas the CyPA inhibitor, cyclosporine A, suppressed the LPS‐ and co‐culture‒enhanced MMP‐9. Moreover, the inhibitors for MAP kinase, including PD98059 (ERK) and SP600125 (JNK), suppressed the CyPA‐enhanced MMP‐9 in U937.ConclusionThrough the CyPA pathway, the LPS and the hGF could augment the MMP‐9 expression in the U937 cells.
Evaluation of the effect of scaling and root planing on salivary and serum fetuin‐A levels in patients with Stages II and III periodontitis
Authors: Nair Sanjita , Nisha KJ 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFetuin‐A has garnered recognition in the etiopathogenesis of several systemic disorders. It has been recently acknowledged as an anti‐inflammatory marker for periodontal disease. This study aimed to compare and correlate salivary and serum fetuin‐A levels in health and patients with stages II‐III periodontitis along with evaluating the effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on the same.MethodsGroup 1 comprised of 30 healthy subjects. Group 2 embodied 30 patients with stages II‐III periodontitis. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Saliva and serum samples were assembled. Periodontitis patients received non‐surgical periodontal treatment. They were recalled after 6 months, and collection of samples and recording of clinical parameters were reiterated. Fetuin‐A levels were analyzed using ELISA.ResultsSalivary and serum fetuin‐A levels were significantly lower in periodontitis patients when compared with the healthy subjects (P < 0.001) at baseline. Their concentrations significantly upregulated 6 months after active periodontal therapy (P < 0.001). Salivary fetuin‐A levels revealed a significant positive correlation with their serum levels in Group 1 at baseline (P < 0.001). They also displayed a positive correlation in Group 2 at baseline and 6 months post periodontal therapy, nevertheless failed to establish a statistically significant association.Conclusion(s)Our study concluded that salivary and serum fetuin‐A levels diminished with increasing severity of periodontal inflammation, and NSPT remarkably improved their levels. They also displayed a significant positive correlation in health, and a non‐significant, yet positive correlation in patients with periodontitis.
Application of X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy in the isolation of sulfated polysaccharide from Porphyra haitanensis and its antioxidant capacity under in vitro digestion
Authors: Chen Peilin , Xu Yanhong , Yang Shuqi , Chang Qing , Zheng Baodong , Zhang Yi , Hu Xiaoke , Zeng Hongliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe separation and purification of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharide (PHP), and the determination of changes in molecular weight (Mw) and antioxidant capacity after in vitro digestion, were undertaken.RESULTSAnalysis of two polysaccharide fractions (PHP0.5‐1‐UF and PHP1.0‐1‐UF) by various techniques showed that they were very pure sulfated polysaccharides without pigment or protein. PHP0.5‐1‐UF was filamentous or ‘tape‐like’ sheets, whereas PHP1.0‐1‐UF had some filaments and large numbers of rounded aggregates. The Mw of PHP, PHP0.5‐1‐UF and PHP1.0‐1‐UF was 2.06 × 106 (±2.02%), 6.68 × 106 (±3.17%), and 1.14 × 106 (±3.44%) (g mol–1), respectively. After in vitro digestion, the Mw of PHP, PHP0.5‐1‐UF, and PHP1.0‐1‐UF decreased. Their antioxidant capacities were markedly higher than before digestion, especially PHP0.5‐1‐UF and its digestion products, which might be related to the reductions in Mw.CONCLUSIONThese findings provide a greater understanding of the separation and purification of sulfated polysaccharides and the influence of digestion on biological activity. They also contribute to the practical application of sulfated polysaccharides in functional foods. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Decoupling of Global Brain Activity and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Decline
Authors: Han Feng , Brown Gregory L. , Zhu Yalin , Belkin‐Rosen Aaron E. , Lewis Mechelle M. , Du Guangwei , Gu Yameng , Eslinger Paul J. , Mailman Richard B. , Huang Xuemei , Liu Xiao 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDeposition and spreading of misfolded proteins (α‐synuclein and tau) have been linked to Parkinson's disease cognitive dysfunction. The glymphatic system may play an important role in the clearance of these toxic proteins via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through perivascular and interstitial spaces. Recent studies discovered that sleep‐dependent global brain activity is coupled to CSF flow, which may reflect glymphatic function.ObjectiveThe objective of this current study was to determine if the decoupling of brain activity–CSF flow is linked to Parkinson's disease cognitive dysfunction.MethodsFunctional and structural MRI data, clinical motor (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale), and cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) scores were collected from 60 Parkinson's disease and 58 control subjects. Parkinson's disease patients were subgrouped into those with mild cognitive impairment (MoCA < 26), n = 31, and those without mild cognitive impairment (MoCA ≥ 26), n = 29. The coupling strength between the resting‐state global blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent signal and associated CSF flow was quantified, compared among groups, and associated with clinical and structural measurements.ResultsGlobal blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent signal–CSF coupling decreased significantly (P < 0.006) in Parkinson's disease patients showing mild cognitive impairment, compared with those without mild cognitive impairment and controls. Reduced global blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent signal–CSF coupling was associated with decreased MoCA scores present in Parkinson's disease patients (P = 0.005) but not in controls (P = 0.65). Weaker global blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent signal–CSF coupling in Parkinson's disease patients also was associated with a thinner right entorhinal cortex (Spearman's correlation, −0.36; P = 0.012), an early structural change often seen in Alzheimer's disease.ConclusionsThe decoupling between global brain activity and associated CSF flow is related to Parkinson's disease cognitive impairment. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
SMARCA4‐deficient rhabdoid tumours show intermediate molecular features between SMARCB1‐deficient rhabdoid tumours and small cell carcinomas of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type
Authors: Andrianteranagna Mamy , Cyrta Joanna , Masliah‐Planchon Julien , Nemes Karolina , Corsia Alice , Leruste Amaury , Holdhof Dörthe , Kordes Uwe , Orbach Daniel , Corradini Nadège , Entz‐Werle Natacha , Pierron Gaëlle , Castex Marie‐Pierre , Brouchet Anne , Weingertner Noëlle , Ranchère Dominique , Fréneaux Paul , Delattre Olivier , Bush Jonathan , Leary Alexandra , Frühwald Michael C , Schüller Ulrich , Servant Nicolas , Bourdeaut Franck 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtracranial rhabdoid tumours (ECRTs) are an aggressive malignancy of infancy and early childhood. The vast majority of cases demonstrate inactivation of SMARCB1 (ECRTSMARCB1) on a background of a remarkably stable genome, a low mutational burden, and no other recurrent mutations. Rarely, ECRTs can harbour the alternative inactivation of SMARCA4 (ECRTSMARCA4) instead of SMARCB1. However, very few ECRTSMARCA4 cases have been published to date, and a systematic characterization of ECRTSMARCA4 is missing from the literature. In this study, we report the clinical, pathological, and genomic features of additional cases of ECRTSMARCA4 and show that they are comparable to those of ECRTSMARCB1. We also assess whether ECRTSMARCB1, ECRTSMARCA4, and small cell carcinomas of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type (SCCOHT) represent distinct or overlapping entities at a molecular level. Using DNA methylation and transcriptomics‐based tumour classification approaches, we demonstrate that ECRTSMARCA4 display molecular features intermediate between SCCOHT and ECRTSMARCB1; however, ECRTSMARCA4 appear to be more closely related to SCCOHT by DNA methylation. Conversely, both transcriptomics and DNA methylation show a larger gap between SCCOHT and ECRTSMARCB1, potentially supporting their continuous separate classification. Lastly, we show that ECRTSMARCA4 display concomitant lack of SMARCA4 (BRG1) and SMARCA2 (BRM) expression at the protein level, similar to what is seen in SCCOHT. Overall, these results expand our knowledge on this rare tumour type and explore the similarities and differences among entities from the ‘rhabdoid tumour’ spectrum. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral mediators of the impact of coping self‐efficacy on adaptation to breast cancer: An international prospective study
Authors: Karademas Evangelos C. , Simos Panagiotis , Pat‐Horenczyk Ruth , Roziner Ilan , Mazzocco Ketti , Sousa Berta , Oliveira‐Maia Albino J. , Stamatakos Georgios , Cardoso Fatima , Frasquilho Diana , Kolokotroni Eleni , Marzorati Chiara , Mattson Johanna , Pettini Greta , Poikonen‐Saksela Paula 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe main objective of this prospective multicenter study was to examine whether illness representations of control, affect, and coping behaviors mediate the effects of self‐efficacy to cope with cancer on psychological symptoms and overall quality of life, in breast cancer patients.MethodData from 413 women (Mean age = 54.87; SD = 8.01), coming from four countries (i.e., Finland, Israel, Italy, Portugal), who received medical therapy for their early breast cancer, were analyzed. Coping self‐efficacy was assessed at baseline. Potential mediators were assessed three months later, and outcomes after six months.ResultsCoping self‐efficacy was related to all mediators and outcomes. Illness representations of treatment control, positive and negative affect, and certain coping behaviors (mostly, anxiety preoccupation) mediated the effects of coping self‐efficacy. Coping self‐efficacy was related to each outcome through a different combination of mediators.ConclusionsCoping self‐efficacy is a major self‐regulation factor which is linked to well‐being through multiple cognitive, emotional, and behavioral pathways. Enhancement of coping self‐efficacy should be a central intervention goal for patients with breast cancer, towards promotion of their well‐being.
Strong emotional reactions for doctors working in palliative care: Causes, management and impact. A qualitative study
Authors: Hubik Daniel John , O’Callaghan Clare , Dwyer Justin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveDoctors working in palliative care services are exposed to challenging emotional environments almost daily. Strong‐emotional reactions experienced in this setting have implications for patient care and doctor wellbeing. Existing research has not focused on doctors working in specialist palliative care. This study aimed to understand what strong emotional reactions are experienced by doctors working in specialist palliative care, the cause of these strong emotional reactions and the impact they have on the lives of palliative care doctors.MethodsQualitative descriptive design included grounded theory techniques. Semi‐structured, audio‐recorded individual interviews explored doctors’ memories of strong emotional reactions and challenging aspects in palliative care work, how emotions were managed and affected doctors’ lives.Setting/participantsTwenty doctors were recruited from a specialist palliative care service within a public health network in Melbourne, Australia, comprising of two inpatient units, a consult service and outpatient clinic.ResultsPalliative care doctors experience a myriad of strong emotions in their line of work. Experiences found to elicit strong emotional reactions included patient, family and staff distress and organizational issues. Strong emotional reactions impacted clinical behaviours, patient care and doctors’ personal lives. Strategies developed for managing strong emotional reactions included debrief, setting boundaries, avoidance and self‐reflection, along with non‐work strategies such as time with family.ConclusionsWhilst emotionally challenging experiences are unavoidable and necessary in a palliative care doctor’s development, doctors need to be supported to avoid adversely impacting patient care or their own wellbeing.
Impact of season, cloud cover, and air pollution on different spectral regions of ultraviolet and visible incident solar radiation at the surface
Authors: Musiolková Marie , Huszár Peter , Navrátil Martin , Špunda Vladimír 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study deals with the impact of season, cloud cover, and air pollution on spectral regions of incident solar radiation (UVB, UVA, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) = Blue + Green + Red, 660, 730 nm) and their ratios (Blue/Red, Blue/PAR, Green/PAR, Red/PAR, 660/730 nm, UVB/UVA, UVB/PAR, and UVA/PAR) measured at three measuring stations at two locations in the City of Ostrava, Czech Republic. The mentioned spectral regions are crucial for plants because they influence photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis. However, there is still a lack of published information about the radiation regime in the plants' environment. The measured data underwent a quality check and were divided into 40 groups corresponding to different combinations of season, cloud cover, and air pollution level. Standard statistical characteristics of spectral regions and their ratios were calculated for each combination. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effect of air pollutants on spectral regions of incident solar radiation. Average irradiance values in the spectral regions generally decreased with increasing air pollution on both cloudy and sunny days. A mostly decreasing trend of average values of ratios with increasing air pollution is found mainly on sunny days and, for some cases, even on cloudy days. Each ratio shows a specific patterns depending on the season and cloud cover. The generalized linear models confirm previously published results and underline that air pollution affects various spectral regions of incident solar radiation differently.
Toward an autonomic approach for Internet of Things service placement using gray wolf optimization in the fog computing environment
Authors: Salimian Mahboubeh , Ghobaei‐Arani Mostafa , Shahidinejad Ali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDivers and the huge amount of data produced by the Internet of Things (IoT) applications on the one hand, and inherent limitations of local equipment to handle these data, on the other hand, leads to present emerging closer technologies to the end‐users such as fog computing environment. Nevertheless, despite the numerous advantages of such an environment, it still needs state‐of‐the‐art approaches to cope with some inherent limitations. In the literature, resource placement strategies are generally proposed to address such problems, in which the IoT applications are mapped to fog nodes. However, despite its importance, different approaches attempt to enhance the overall system's performance and users' expectations: none of such approaches is satisfactory. In this article, to deploy IoT applications on fog nodes, an autonomic IoT service placement approach based on the gray wolf optimization scheme is proposed, enhancing the system's performance while considering execution costs. Besides, the autonomic concepts help make an appropriate automanagement system that fits better the fog environment's dynamic behavior. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the other approaches and converges to the solution in near‐optimal application deployment on fog nodes in respect of the performance of performing services that are 93.7%, the performance of the average waiting time for performed services that are 100%, the remaining services sent to an extra provisioned period that is zero.