bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for the Influence of the MJO on Precipitation in Southwestern South America
Authors: Matus F. , Rondanelli R. , Rutllant J. , Henderson S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring austral winter under neutral ENSO conditions, positive precipitation anomalies in Southwestern South America from 30 to 45S coincide with strong real‐time multivariate MJO (RMM) Phase 1 events. Using ERA5 composites arranged according to active RMM phases, we found that a three‐part mechanism, traced approximately 10–15 days before MJO Phase 1 events, roughly corresponding to RMM phases 7 and 8, explains these precipitation anomalies. This mechanism is composed of three Rossby wave trains in response to convective perturbations: two cross equatorial teleconnections attributed to suppressed convection in the Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent, and an interhemispheric Rossby wave linked to enhanced convection over the warm pool of the western hemisphere. Composite analyses of OLR and wave activity flux, complemented with Rossby wave ray tracing, support these findings. This research provides insights into the MJO's influence on additional large‐scale teleconnection patterns across the Southern Hemisphere besides the Pacific South American (PSA) teleconnection mode. The dispersion of the convective RMM phase at different lags and the interaction between multiple wave trains introduce uncertainty when associating a specific RMM phase with precipitation anomalies.
Intravenous sedation for adults with profound acquired brain injury undergoing dental treatment - a seven-year service evaluation
Authors: Doshi Mili , Kahatab Ahmed , Gallagher Louise , Prasad Ria , Fitzgerald Richard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Dental treatment may not be possible for patients with a profound acquired brain injury without pharmacological support. Intravenous (IV) sedation with midazolam is a widely accepted, safe, and effective mode of treatment for people with a disability, but there is limited evidence in this patient cohort.

Aims
This evaluation aimed to review the IV sedation service for patients with profound acquired brain injury within the dental department at the Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability.

Method
This study was a retrospective service evaluation of IV sedation for dental treatment over seven years. Descriptive statistics are presented.

Results
In total, 303 episodes of sedation were undertaken at the Royal Hospital of Neurodisability over seven years. Ninety-two percent were graded with an American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade 3, and one-third had a history of stroke. 91% had treatment completed successfully. Complications occurred in 7.9% of cases, but all were minor, with no resulting patient harm (e.g. a transient drop in oxygen saturation).

Conclusion
Dentist-led IV sedation with midazolam is safe and effective for dental treatment for patients with a profound acquired brain injury in a specialised setting with experienced clinicians.
Brainstem BDNF neurons are downstream of GFRAL/GLP1R signalling
Authors: Feetham Claire H. , Collabolletta Valeria , Worth Amy A. , Shoop Rosemary , Groom Sam , Harding Court , Boutagouga Boudjadja Mehdi , Coskun Tamer , Emmerson Paul J. , D’Agostino Giuseppe , Luckman Simon M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGrowth differentiation factor 15, GDF15, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues act through brainstem neurons that co-localise their receptors, GDNF-family receptor α-like (GFRAL) and GLP1R, to reduce food intake and body weight. However, their use as clinical treatments is partially hampered since both can also induce sickness-like behaviours, including aversion, that are mediated through a well-characterised pathway via the exterolateral parabrachial nucleus. Here, in mice, we describe a separate pathway downstream of GFRAL/GLP1R neurons that involves a distinct population of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) cells in the medial nucleus of the tractus solitarius. Thus, BDNFmNTS neurons are required for the weight-reducing actions of both GDF15 and the GLP1RA, Exendin-4. Moreover, acute activation of BDNFmNTS neurons is sufficient to reduce food intake and drive fatty acid oxidation and might provide a route for longer-term weight loss.
A single mutation in dairy cow-associated H5N1 viruses increases receptor binding breadth
Authors: Good Marina R. , Fernández-Quintero Monica L. , Ji Wei , Rodriguez Alesandra J. , Han Julianna , Ward Andrew B. , Guthmiller Jenna J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 is causing an unprecedented outbreak in dairy cows in the United States. To understand if recent H5N1 viruses are changing their receptor use, we screened recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) from historical and recent 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses for binding to distinct glycans bearing terminal sialic acids using a glycan microarray. We find that H5 from A/Texas/37/2024, an isolate from the dairy cow outbreak, has increased binding breadth to core glycans bearing terminal α2,3 sialic acids, the avian receptor, compared to historical and recent 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses. We do not observe any binding to α2,6 sialic acids, the receptor used by human seasonal influenza viruses. Using molecular dynamics and a cryo-EM structure of A/Texas/37/2024 H5, we show A/Texas/37/2024 H5 is more flexible within the receptor-binding site compared to a 2.3.4.4b H5 from 2022. We identify a single mutation outside of the receptor binding site, T199I, is responsible for increased binding breadth, as it increases receptor binding site flexibility. Together, these data show recent H5N1 viruses are evolving increased receptor binding breadth which could impact the host range and cell types infected with H5N1.
Genomic analysis of global Plasmodium vivax populations reveals insights into the evolution of drug resistance
Authors: Ngwana-Joseph Gabrielle C. , Phelan Jody E. , Manko Emilia , Dombrowski Jamille G. , da Silva Santos Simone , Suarez-Mutis Martha , Vélez-Tobón Gabriel , Tobón Castaño Alberto , Machado Ricardo Luiz Dantas , Marinho Claudio R. F. , Nolder Debbie , Nosten François , Sutherland Colin J. , Campino Susana , Clark Taane G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIncreasing reports of chloroquine resistance (CQR) in Plasmodium vivax endemic regions have led to several countries, including Indonesia, to adopt dihydroarteminsin-piperaquine instead. However, the molecular drivers of CQR remain unclear. Using a genome-wide approach, we perform a genomic analysis of 1534 P. vivax isolates across 29 endemic countries, detailing population structure, patterns of relatedness, selection, and resistance profiling, providing insights into potential drivers of CQR. Selective sweeps in a locus proximal to pvmdr1, a putative marker for CQR, along with transcriptional regulation genes, distinguish isolates from Indonesia from those in regions where chloroquine remains highly effective. In 106 isolates from Indonesian Papua, the epicentre of CQR, we observe an increasing prevalence of novel SNPs in the candidate resistance gene pvmrp1 since the introduction of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. Overall, we provide novel markers for resistance surveillance, supported by evidence of regions under recent directional selection and temporal analysis in this continually evolving parasite.
Operando real-space imaging of a structural phase transformation in the high-voltage electrode LixNi0.5Mn1.5O4
Authors: Sun Yifei , Hy Sunny , Hua Nelson , Wingert James , Harder Ross , Meng Ying Shirley , Shpyrko Oleg , Singer Andrej 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDiscontinuous solid-solid phase transformations play a pivotal role in determining the properties of rechargeable battery electrodes. By leveraging operando Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging (BCDI), we investigate the discontinuous phase transformation in LixNi0.5Mn1.5O4 within an operational Li metal coin cell. Throughout Li-intercalation, we directly observe the nucleation and growth of the Li-rich phase within the initially charged Li-poor phase in a 500 nm particle. Supported by the microelasticity model, the operando imaging unveils an evolution from a curved coherent to a planar semi-coherent interface driven by dislocation dynamics. Our data indicates negligible kinetic limitations from interface propagation impacting the transformation kinetics, even at a discharge rate of C/2 (80 mA/g). This study highlights BCDI’s capability to decode complex operando diffraction data, offering exciting opportunities to study nanoscale phase transformations with various stimuli.
Grain engineering for efficient near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Baek Sung-Doo , Shao Wenhao , Feng Weijie , Tang Yuanhao , Lee Yoon Ho , Loy James , Gunnarsson William B. , Yang Hanjun , Zhang Yuchen , Faheem M. Bilal , Kaswekar Poojan Indrajeet , Atapattu Harindi R. , Qin Jiajun , Coffey Aidan H. , Park Jee Yung , Yang Seok Joo , Yang Yu-Ting , Zhu Chenhui , Wang Kang , Graham Kenneth R. , Gao Feng , Qiao Quinn , Guo L. Jay , Rand Barry P. , Dou Letian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskites show promise for next-generation light-emitting diodes, particularly in the near-infrared range, where they outperform organic and quantum-dot counterparts. However, they still fall short of costly III-V semiconductor devices, which achieve external quantum efficiencies above 30% with high brightness. Among several factors, controlling grain growth and nanoscale morphology is crucial for further enhancing device performance. This study presents a grain engineering methodology that combines solvent engineering and heterostructure construction to improve light outcoupling efficiency and defect passivation. Solvent engineering enables precise control over grain size and distribution, increasing light outcoupling to ~40%. Constructing 2D/3D heterostructures with a conjugated cation reduces defect densities and accelerates radiative recombination. The resulting near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes achieve a peak external quantum efficiency of 31.4% and demonstrate a maximum brightness of 929 W sr−1 m−2. These findings indicate that perovskite light-emitting diodes have potential as cost-effective, high-performance near-infrared light sources for practical applications.
A coopetition-driven strategy of parallel/perpendicular aromatic stacking enabling metastable supramolecular polymerization
Authors: Gao Zhao , Xie Xuxu , Zhang Juan , Yuan Wei , Yan Hongxia , Tian Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetastable supramolecular polymerization under kinetic control has recently been recognized as a closer way to biosystem than thermodynamic process. While impressive works on metastable supramolecular systems have been reported, the library of available non-covalent driving modes is still small and a simple yet versatile solution is highly desirable to design for easily regulating the energy landscapes of metastable aggregation. Herein, we propose a coopetition-driven metastability strategy for parallel/perpendicular aromatic stacking to construct metastable supramolecular polymers derived from a class of simple monomers consisting of lateral indoles and aromatic core. By subtly increasing the stacking strength of aromatic cores from phenyl to anthryl, the parallel face-to-face stacked aggregates are competitively formed as metastable products, which spontaneously transform into thermodynamically favorable species through the cooperativity of perpendicular edge-to-face stacking and parallel offset stacking. The slow kinetic-to-thermodynamic transformation could be accelerated by adding seeds for realizing the desired living supramolecular polymerization. Besides, this transformation of parallel/perpendicular aromatic stacking accompanied by time-dependent emission change from red to yellow is employed to dynamic cell imaging, largely avoiding the background interferences. The coopetition relationship of different aromatic stacking for metastable supramolecular systems is expected to serve as an effective strategy towards pathway-controlled functional materials.
Atomically engineering interlayer symmetry operations of two-dimensional crystals
Authors: Han Ziyi , Wu Shengqiang , Huang Chun , Xuan Fengyuan , Han Xiaocang , Long Yinfeng , Zhang Qing , Li Junxian , Meng Yuan , Wang Lin , Zhou Jiahuan , Hu Wenping , Qiao Jingsi , Geng Dechao , Zhao Xiaoxu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCrystal symmetry, which governs the local atomic coordination and bonding environment, is one of the paramount constituents that intrinsically dictate materials’ functionalities. However, engineering crystal symmetry is not straightforward due to the isotropically strong covalent/ionic bonds in crystals. Layered two-dimensional materials offer an ideal platform for crystal engineering because of the ease of interlayer symmetry operations. However, controlling the crystal symmetry remains challenging due to the ease of gliding perpendicular to the Z direction. Herein, we proposed a substrate-guided growth mechanism to atomically fabricate AB′-stacked SnSe2 superlattices, containing alternating SnSe2 slabs with periodic interlayer mirror and gliding symmetry operations, by chemical vapor deposition. Some higher-order phases such as 6 R, 12 R, and 18 C can be accessed, exhibiting modulated nonlinear optical responses suggested by first-principle calculations. Charge transfer from mica substrates stabilizes the high-order SnSe2 phases. Our approach shows a promising strategy for realizing topological phases via stackingtronics.
Lactobacillus crispatus S-layer proteins modulate innate immune response and inflammation in the lower female reproductive tract
Authors: Decout Alexiane , Krasias Ioannis , Roberts Lauren , Gimeno Molina Belen , Charenton Chloé , Brown Romero Daniel , Tee Qiong Y. , Marchesi Julian R. , Ng Sherrianne , Sykes Lynne , Bennett Phillip R. , MacIntyre David A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLactobacillus species dominance of the vaginal microbiome is a hallmark of vaginal health. Pathogen displacement of vaginal lactobacilli drives innate immune activation and mucosal barrier disruption, increasing the risks of STI acquisition and, in pregnancy, of preterm birth. We describe differential TLR mediated activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB by vaginal pathogens and commensals. Vaginal Lactobacillus strains associated with optimal health selectively interact with anti-inflammatory innate immune receptors whereas species associated with suboptimal health including L. iners and Gardnerella vaginalis interact with both pro- and anti-inflammatory receptors. Anti-inflammatory action of L. crispatus is regulated by surface layer protein (SLPs)-mediated shielding of TLR ligands and selective interaction with the anti-inflammatory receptor DC-SIGN. Detection of SLPs within cervicovaginal fluid samples is associated with decreased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Lactobacillus crispatus-dominated samples. These data offer mechanistic insights into how vaginal microbiota modulate host immune response and thus reproductive health and disease states.
INSIHGT: an accessible multi-scale, multi-modal 3D spatial biology platform
Authors: Yau Chun Ngo , Hung Jacky Tin Shing , Campbell Robert A. A. , Wong Thomas Chun Yip , Huang Bei , Wong Ben Tin Yan , Chow Nick King Ngai , Zhang Lichun , Tsoi Eldric Pui Lam , Tan Yuqi , Li Joshua Jing Xi , Wing Yun Kwok , Lai Hei Ming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiological systems are complex, encompassing intertwined spatial, molecular and functional features. However, methodological constraints limit the completeness of information that can be extracted. Here, we report the development of INSIHGT, a non-destructive, accessible three-dimensional (3D) spatial biology method utilizing superchaotropes and host-guest chemistry to achieve homogeneous, deep penetration of macromolecular probes up to centimeter scales, providing reliable semi-quantitative signals throughout the tissue volume. Diverse antigens, mRNAs, neurotransmitters, and post-translational modifications are well-preserved and simultaneously visualized. INSIHGT also allows multi-round, highly multiplexed 3D molecular probing and is compatible with downstream traditional histology and nucleic acid sequencing. With INSIHGT, we map undescribed podocyte-to-parietal epithelial cell microfilaments in mouse glomeruli and neurofilament-intensive inclusion bodies in the human cerebellum, and identify NPY-proximal cell types defined by spatial morpho-proteomics in mouse hypothalamus. We anticipate that INSIHGT can form the foundations for 3D spatial multi-omics technology development and holistic systems biology studies.
Evolutionary origins and functional diversification of Auxin Response Factors
Authors: Hernández-García Jorge , Carrillo-Carrasco Vanessa Polet , Rienstra Juriaan , Tanaka Keita , de Roij Martijn , Dipp-Álvarez Melissa , Freire-Ríos Alejandra , Crespo Isidro , Boer Roeland , van den Berg Willy A. M. , Lindhoud Simon , Weijers Dolf 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) family of transcription factors are the central mediators of auxin-triggered transcriptional regulation. Functionally different classes of extant ARFs operate as antagonistic auxin-dependent and -independent regulators. While part of the evolutionary trajectory to the present auxin response functions has been reconstructed, it is unclear how ARFs emerged, and how early diversification led to functionally different proteins. Here, we use in silico and in vivo analyses to revisit the molecular events that led to the origin and subsequent evolution of the ARFs. We reveal the shared origin of ARFs from preexisting domains, uncovering a protein fold homologous to the ARF DNA-binding fold in a conserved eukaryotic chromatin regulator. Building on this, we reconstruct the complete evolutionary history of ARFs, including the divergence events leading to the appearance of the ARF classes and defining the main molecular targets for their functional diversification. We derive a complete evolutionary trajectory that led to the emergence of the nuclear auxin signalling pathway.
Electronic ferroelectricity in monolayer graphene moiré superlattices
Authors: Zhang Le , Ding Jing , Xiang Hanxiao , Liu Naitian , Zhou Wenqiang , Wu Linfeng , Xin Na , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Xu Shuigang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExtending ferroelectric materials to two-dimensional limit provides versatile applications for the development of next-generation nonvolatile devices. Conventional ferroelectricity requires materials consisting of at least two constituent elements associated with polar crystalline structures. Monolayer graphene as an elementary two-dimensional material unlikely exhibits ferroelectric order due to its highly centrosymmetric hexagonal lattices. Here, we report the observations of electronic ferroelectricity in monolayer graphene by introducing asymmetric moiré superlattice at the graphene/h-BN interface, in which the electric polarization stems from electron-hole dipoles. The polarization switching is probed through the measurements of itinerant Hall carrier density up to room temperature, manifesting as standard polarization-electric field hysteresis loops. We find ferroelectricity in graphene moiré systems exhibits generally similar characteristics in monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene, which indicates layer polarization is not essential to observe the ferroelectricity. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applications of this ferroelectric moiré structures in multi-state nonvolatile data storage with high retention and the emulation of versatile synaptic behaviors. Our work not only provides insights into the fundamental understanding of ferroelectricity, but also demonstrates the potential of graphene for high-speed and multi-state nonvolatile memory applications.
Heat stable and intrinsically sterile liquid protein formulations
Authors: Lawanprasert Atip , Singh Harminder , Pimcharoen Sopida , Vargas Mariangely González , Dewan Arshiya , Kirimanjeswara Girish S. , Medina Scott H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOver 80% of biologic drugs, and 90% of vaccines, require temperature-controlled conditions throughout the supply chain to minimize thermal inactivation and contamination. This cold chain is costly, requires stringent oversight, and is impractical in remote environments. Here, we report chemical dispersants that non-covalently solvate proteins within fluorous liquids to alter their thermodynamic equilibrium and reduce conformational flexibility. This generates non-aqueous, fluorine-based liquid protein formulations that biochemically rigidify protein structure to yield thermally stable biologics at extreme temperatures (up to 90 °C). These non-aqueous formulations are impervious to contamination by microorganismal pathogens, degradative enzymes, and environmental impurities, and display comparable pre-clinical pharmacokinetics and safety profiles to standard saline protein samples. As a result, we deliver a fluorochemical formulation paradigm that may limit the need for cold chain logistics of protein reagents and biopharmaceuticals.
Enhanced mechanical properties of alkali-activated dolomite dust emulsified asphalt composites
Authors: Liu Qun , Lin Weiqing , Xi Lei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe dolomite dust-emulsified asphalt composite (DAC) with excellent mechanical properties was successfully prepared using alkali activation. The effects of different alkali concentrations and emulsified asphalt contents on the mechanical properties of the materials were studied. And the micro-mechanisms of its mechanical performance changes were analyzed through SEM and XRD characterization. The experimental results show that the specimens have excellent mechanical properties: the 7-day compressive strength can reach 76.67 MPa, and the bending and compressive strength ratio is about twice that of silicate-based geopolymer-emulsified asphalt composite (SAC). With an increase in emulsified asphalt content, the compressive strength of the samples decreases, while the bending strength increases first and then decreases. When the emulsified asphalt content is 1%, the bending strength of the sample is up to 28.81 MPa, which is 25% higher than that of the sample without emulsified asphalt. The in-situ formation of calcium carbonate crystal clusters within the DAC was suggested that may support this performance. This crystalline structuring contributes to an expanded interfacial contact area between the asphalt and skeleton particles, thereby enhancing the demulsification and bonding properties of the emulsified asphalt. This indicates that an appropriate emulsified asphalt content can play a toughening role in the system, providing a new idea for designing high-toughness alkali-activated materials.