bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated sample‐pretreatment strategy for separation and enrichment of microplastics and primary aromatic amines in the migration of teabag
Authors: Ouyang Xiaoyan , Hu Yuling , Li Gongke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, an integrated sample‐pretreatment strategy for the separation and enrichment of microplastics and primary aromatic amines from the migration of teabag was developed. The migration solution of teabag was passed through a homemade device. The microplastics were firstly captured by a silver membrane, and then the primary aromatic amines were enriched by a solid‐phase extraction column. The microplastics migrated from teabag were detected by attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and Raman spectroscopy. The data showed the character, the number of particles, area ratio, and morphology of microplastics migrated from the teabag. Subsequently, after the enrichment procedure, a sensitive analytical method for primary aromatic amines was established followed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The method showed wide linear ranges with R2 greater than 0.9915, low limits of detection (2–18 ng/L), and low limits of quantification (8–50 ng/L). The developed method was adopted to analyze microplastics and primary aromatic amines migrated from nylon and polyethylene terephthalate teabag under different temperatures and times. The integrated sample‐pretreatment strategy displayed promising potentials in the one‐step preparation of the microplastics and hazardous molecules in the sample of environment and food security.
Ultrasound Findings andO‐RADSMalignancy Risk Stratification of Ovarian Collision Tumors
Authors: Guo Yuyang , Zhou Shan , Zhao Baihua , Wen Lieming , Liu Minghui 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo describe the ultrasonographic signs of ovarian collision tumors and evaluate the malignancy risk using the O‐RADS system.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 25 ovarian collision tumors from 8739 patients between May 2010 and January 2020. All clinical characteristics, ultrasound images, and histological findings were collected and analyzed. Using the O‐RADS lexicon descriptors, the O‐RADS score was determined by two senior doctors. Lesions with O‐RADS scores of 1 to 3 were classified as benign tumors, and lesions with O‐RADS scores of 4 to 5 were classified as malignant tumors.ResultsThe mean age of the 25 patients was 30.4 years. Histological findings showed that all tumors were a combination of mature cystic teratomas and cystadenomas/cystadenocarcinomas. There were 11 benign tumors of O‐RADS 2 or 3, including 3 uniocular cysts, 3 dermoid cysts, and 5 dermoid cysts with an anechoic fluid cavity. There were 12 benign tumors of O‐RADS 4, including 3 uniocular–multilocular cysts with solid components, 2 multilocular cysts with irregular walls, and 8 multilocular cysts with dermoid sacs. One borderline tumor of O‐RADS 4 was a multilocular cyst with irregular septation. One malignant tumor of O‐RADS 5 was a multilocular cystic tumor with solid components and ascites.ConclusionsThe most common ovarian collision tumor was the coexistence of a mature cystic teratoma and a cystadenoma. The O‐RADS system was able to sensitively detect malignant tumors in this series. A typical dermoid cyst with an anechoic cavity or a multilocular cyst with a dermoid sac may signify a benign collision tumor.
Limited biogeochemical modification of surface waters by kelp forest canopies: Influence of kelp metabolism and site‐specific hydrodynamics
Authors: Traiger Sarah B. , Cohn Brian , Panos Demetra , Daly Margaret , Hirsh Heidi K. , Martone Maria , Gutierrez Isabella , Mucciarone David A. , Takeshita Yuichiro , Monismith Stephen G. , Dunbar Robert B. , Nickols Kerry J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClimate change is causing decreases in pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in coastal ecosystems. Canopy‐forming giant kelp can locally increase DO and pH through photosynthesis, with the most pronounced effect expected in surface waters where the bulk of kelp biomass resides. However, limited observations are available from waters in canopies and measurements at depth show limited potential of giant kelp to ameliorate chemical conditions. We quantified spatiotemporal variability of surface biogeochemistry and assessed the role of biological and physical drivers in pH and DO modification at two locations differing in hydrodynamics inside and outside of two kelp forests in Monterey Bay, California in summer 2019. pH, DO, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and temperature were measured at and near the surface, in conjunction with physical parameters (currents and pressure), nutrients, and metrics of phytoplankton and kelp biological processes. DO and pH were highest, with lower DIC, at the surface inside kelp forests. However, differences inside vs. outside of kelp forests were small (DO 6–8%, pH 0.05 higher in kelp). The kelp forest with lower significant wave height and slower currents had greater modification of surface biogeochemistry as indicated by larger diel variation and slightly higher mean DO and pH, despite lower kelp growth rates. Differences between kelp forests and offshore areas were not driven by nutrients or phytoplankton. Although kelp had clear effects on biogeochemistry, which were modulated by hydrodynamics, the small magnitude and spatial extent of the effect limits the potential of kelp forests to mitigate acidification and hypoxia.
Needle‐free jet injection‐induced small‐droplet aerosol formation during intralesional bleomycin therapy
Authors: Bik Liora , Wolkerstorfer Albert , Bekkers Vazula , Prens Errol P. , Haedersdal Merete , Bonn Daniel , van Doorn Martijn B. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesNeedle‐free jet injectors are frequently used in dermatological practice. Injection‐generated small‐droplet aerosols could be harmful upon inhalation when chemotherapeutics, like bleomycin, are used. Here, we aim to explore jet injector‐induced small‐droplet aerosol formation of bleomycin in relation to air ventilation and to provide safety measures for clinical practice.Materials and MethodsWith a professional particle sensor, we measured airborne aerosol particles (0.2–10.0 µm) after electronic pneumatic injection (EPI), spring‐loaded jet injection (SLI), and needle injection (NI) of bleomycin and saline (100 μl) on ex vivo human skin. Three levels of air ventilation were explored: no ventilation, room ventilation, and room ventilation with an additional smoke evacuator.ResultsEPI and SLI induced significant small‐droplet aerosol formation compared with none after NI (0.2–1.0 µm; no ventilation). The largest bleomycin aerosol generation was observed for the smallest particles (0.2–1.0 µm) with 673.170 (528.802–789.453) aerosol particles/liter air (EPI; no ventilation). Room ventilation and smoke evacuation led to a reduction of ≥99% and 100% of measured aerosols, respectively.ConclusionJet injectors generate a high number of small‐droplet aerosols, potentially introducing harmful effects to patients and healthcare personnel. Room ventilation and smoke evacuation are effective safety measures when chemotherapeutics are used in clinical practice.
Pomegranate Extract Improves Colitis in IL‐10 Knockout Mice Fed a High Fat High Sucrose Diet
Authors: Yang Jieping , Germano Patrizia Maria , Oh Suwan , Wang Sijia , Wang Jing , Lee Rupo , Paige Hayden , Yang Scarlet , Henning Susanne M. , Zhong Jin , Jacobs Jonathan P. , Li Zhaoping 
Published: December 2021

ScopeThe study tests the hypothesis that dietary pomegranate extract (PomX) supplementation attenuates colitis in a Western diet feed IL‐10 deficient (IL‐10‐/‐) murine model.Methods and ResultsFour‐week‐old male IL‐10‐/‐ mice are randomly assigned to a high fat high sucrose (HFHS) diet or a HFHS diet supplement with 0.25% PomX for 8 weeks. PomX supplementation lead to significantly lower histological score for colitis (2.6 ± 0.5 vs 3.9 ± 1.0), lower spleen weight (0.11 ± 0.01 vs 0.15 ± 0.02), and lower circulating Interleukin 6(IL‐6) levels (15.8±2.2 vs 29.5±5.5) compared with HFHS fed controls. RNAseq analysis of colonic tissues showed 483 downregulated and 263 upregulated genes with PomX supplementation, which are mainly associated with inflammatory responses, defenses, and neutrophil degranulation. In addition, PomX treatment affects the cecal microbiome with increased alpha diversity, altered microbial composition, and increased levels of the tryptophan‐related microbial metabolite indole propionate.ConclusionThe data demonstrate that dietary PomX supplementation ameliorated colitis and lowered inflammatory markers in HFHS fed IL‐10‐/‐ mice. These data support the anti‐inflammatory effects of dietary PomX supplementation for IBD and a potential mediating role of gut microbiome, suggesting the need for future clinical studies to explore the use of PomX dietary supplementation in IBD patients.
Developing formalin‐based fixative agents for post mortem brain MRI at 9.4 T
Authors: Nazemorroaya Azadeh , Aghaeifar Ali , Shiozawa Thomas , Hirt Bernhard , Schulz Hildegard , Scheffler Klaus , Hagberg Gisela E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo develop fixative agents for high‐field MRI with suitable dielectric properties and measure MR properties in immersion‐fixed brain tissue.MethodsDielectric properties of formalin‐based agents were assessed (100 MHz–4.5 GHz), and four candidate fixatives with/without polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and different salt concentrations were formulated. B1 field and MR properties (T1, , R2, , and magnetic susceptibility [QSM]) were observed in white and gray matter of pig brain samples during 0.5–35 days of immersion fixation. The kinetics were fitted using exponential functions. The immersion time required to reach maximum values at different tissue depths was used to estimate the Medawar coefficient for fixative penetration. The effect of replacing the fixatives with Fluoroinert and phosphate‐buffered saline as embedding media was also evaluated.ResultsThe dielectric properties of formalin were nonlinearly modified by increasing amounts of additives. With 5% PVP and 0.04% NaCl, the dielectric properties and B1 field reflected in vivo conditions. The highest B1 values were found in white matter with PVP and varied significantly with tissue depth and embedding media, but not with immersion time. The MR properties depended on PVP yielding lower T1, higher , more paramagnetic QSM values, and a lower Medawar coefficient (0.9 ; without PVP: 1.5). Regardless of fixative, switching to phosphate‐buffered saline as embedder caused a paramagnetic shift in QSM and decreased that progressed during 1 month of storage, whereas no differences were found with Fluorinert.ConclusionIn vivo–like B1 fields can be achieved in formalin fixatives using PVP and a low salt concentration, yielding lower T1, higher , and more paramagnetic QSM than without additives. The kinetics of allowed estimation of fixative tissue penetration.
Comparing and combining MRE, T1ρ, SWI, IVIM, and DCE‐MRI for the staging of liver fibrosis in rabbits: Assessment of a predictive model based on multiparametric MRI
Authors: Zou Liqiu , Jiang Jinzhao , Zhang Hao , Zhong Wenxin , Xiao Min , Xin Shunbao , Wang Yang , Xing Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo establish and validate an optimal predictive model based on multiparametric MRI for staging liver fibrosis (LF) in rabbits with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), spin‐lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1ρ imaging), SWI, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and DCE‐MRI.MethodsThe LF group included 120 rabbits induced by subcutaneous injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); 30 normal rabbits served as the control group. Multiparametric MRI was performed, including MRE, T1ρ, SWI, IVIM, and DCE‐MRI. The quantitative parameters were analyzed in two groups, with histopathological results serving as the reference standard. The diagnostic performance of multiparametric MRI and the predictive model established by multivariable logistic regression analysis were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsIn total, 32, 67, and 51 rabbits were histologically diagnosed as no fibrosis (stage F0), early‐stage LF (F1–F2), and advanced‐stage LF (F3–F4), respectively. The LF stages presented a strong correlation with liver stiffness (LS) on MRE (r = 0.90), signal‐intensity ratio (SIR) on SWI (r = −0.84), and Ktrans on DCE‐MRI (r = 0.71; p < 0.05 for all). The LS and SIR parameters had higher AUC values for distinguishing early‐stage LF from both no fibrosis (0.94 and 0.93, respectively) and advanced‐stage LF (0.95 and 0.87, respectively). The predictive model showed a slightly higher AUC value of 0.97 (0.90–0.99) than LS and SIR in distinguishing early‐stage LF from no fibrosis (p > 0.05), a significantly higher AUC value of 0.98 (0.93–0.99) than the SIR in distinguishing early‐stage from advanced‐stage LF (p < 0.05).ConclusionSWI, DCE‐MRI, and MRE in particular showed improved performance for LF diagnosis and stage. The predictive model based on multiparametric MRI was found to further enhance diagnostic accuracy and could serve as an excellent imaging tool for staging LF.
Hadamard‐encoded dual‐voxel SPECIAL: Short‐TE MRS acquired in two brain regions simultaneously using Hadamard encoding
Authors: Dehghani Masoumeh , Edden Richard A.E. , Near Jamie 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe spin‐echo, full‐intensity acquired localized (SPECIAL) sequence is a method for single‐voxel, localized MRS in vivo with short TEs. In this study we modified the SPECIAL sequence to simultaneously record spectra from two volumes of interest. This new technique is called Hadamard‐encoded dual‐voxel SPECIAL (HD‐SPECIAL).MethodsThe SPECIAL sequence consists of a spin echo localized to a column of tissue, preceded by a slice‐selective inversion pulse in alternating scans to invert a section of the column. Full localization is achieved by subtraction of the inversion‐on scans from the inversion‐off scans. In HD‐SPECIAL, the two‐step inversion scheme is replaced by a four‐step Hadamard‐encoded scheme involving single‐band and dual‐band inversion pulses to select two regions of the spin‐echo column. By appropriate Hadamard combination of the four acquired shots, spectra can be reconstructed from both desired regions. This approach does not rely on parallel imaging reconstruction. Using a 3T scanner, HD‐SPECIAL localization is demonstrated both in phantoms and in the human brain in vivo, and the performance of HD‐SPECIAL is assessed by comparing with the conventional SPECIAL sequence.ResultsPhantom and in vivo measurements show excellent agreement between measures from HD‐SPECIAL and SPECIAL sequences. Relative to consecutive SPECIAL measurements from two regions, HD‐SPECIAL reduces the total scan time 2‐fold with minimal penalty in terms of spectral quality or SNR.ConclusionThe HD‐SPECIAL sequence enables reliable acquisition of MR spectra simultaneously from two regions at 3 T, offering the potential to study interregional variations in metabolite concentrations.
The Breast Cancer Weight Loss trial (Alliance A011401): A description and evidence for the lifestyle intervention
Authors: Delahanty Linda M. , Wadden Thomas A. , Goodwin Pamela J. , Alfano Catherine M. , Thomson Cynthia A. , Irwin Melinda L. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Crane Tracy E. , Frank Elizabeth , Spears Patricia A. , Gillis Bonnie P. , Hershman Dawn L. , Paskett Electra D. , Hopkins Judith , Bernstein Vanessa , Stearns Vered , White Julia , Hudis Clifford , Winer Eric P. , A. Carey Lisa , Partridge Ann H. , Ligibel Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Breast Cancer Weight Loss (BWEL) trial is a randomized controlled trial designed to determine whether weight loss after a breast cancer diagnosis can reduce the risk of cancer recurrence in women with overweight or obesity. The BWEL trial will compare the efficacy of a telephone‐based weight‐loss intervention plus health education materials versus health education materials alone on invasive disease‐free survival in 3,181 women with stage II or III breast cancer and BMI > 27 kg/m2. This report provides a detailed description of the goals and methods of the lifestyle intervention and the evidence supporting the intervention used in the BWEL trial. The intervention’s primary goal for participants is to achieve and maintain a weight loss ≥ 10% of baseline weight through increased physical activity and caloric restriction. The evidence supporting the diet, physical activity, and behavioral components of this telephone‐based weight‐loss intervention, as well as strategies to promote participant engagement and retention, is described. The intervention is provided through 42 sessions delivered by trained health coaches over a 2‐year period. If the BWEL lifestyle intervention is successful in improving cancer outcomes, then weight loss will be incorporated into the care of thousands of breast cancer patients.
Point‐of‐care lung ultrasound is more reliable than chest X‐ray for ruling out acute chest syndrome in sickle cell pediatric patients: A prospective study
Authors: Preto‐Zamperlini Marcela , Giorno Eliana P.C. , Bou Ghosn Danielle S.N. , Sá Fernanda V.M. , Suzuki Adriana S. , Suzuki Lisa , Farhat Sylvia C. , Weerdenburg Kirstin , Schvartsman Claudio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute chest syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell patients, and it is often challenging to establish its diagnosis.ProcedureThis was a prospective observational study conducted in a pediatric emergency (PEM) department. We aimed to investigate the performance characteristics of point‐of‐care lung ultrasound (LUS) for diagnosing ACS in sickle cell children. LUS by trained PEM physicians was performed and interpreted as either positive or negative for consolidation. LUS results were compared to chest X‐ray (CXR) and discharge diagnosis as reference standards.ResultsFour PEM physicians performed the LUS studies in 79 suspected ACS cases. The median age was 8 years (range 1–17 years). Fourteen cases (18%) received a diagnosis of ACS based on CXR and 21 (26.5%) had ACS discharge diagnosis. Comparing to CXR interpretation as the reference standard, LUS had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 77%–100%), specificity of 68% (95% CI: 56%–79%), positive predictive value of 40% (95% CI: 24%–56%), and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 92%–100%). Overall LUS accuracy was 73.42% (95% CI: 62%–83%). Using discharge diagnosis as the endpoint for both CXR and LUS, LUS had significantly higher sensitivity (100% vs. 62%, p = .0047) and lower specificity (76% vs.100%, p = .0002). LUS also had lower positive (60% vs.100%, p < .0001) and higher negative (100% vs.77%, p = .0025) predictive values. The overall accuracy was similar for both tests (82% vs. 88%, p = .2593).ConclusionThe high negative predictive value, with narrow CIs, makes LUS an excellent ruling‐out tool for ACS.
Factors impacting surgical decision making between prenatal and postnatal repair for myelomeningocele
Authors: Fabelo Corrie , He Hua , Lim Foong‐Yen , Atzinger Carrie , Wong Beatrix 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine factors influencing patients to choose prenatal or postnatal repair of their child's myelomeningocele (MMC) when both treatment options are offered.MethodsWe distributed a retrospective survey via email and social media to parents of children with MMC who were offered both prenatal and postnatal surgery as intervention options.ResultsA total of 127 surveys met all inclusion criteria. The majority of responders considered partner's opinion (85%), maternal risks of prenatal surgery (71%), and risk for preterm labor (76%) as influencers. Financially, the costs of childcare (39.4% postnatal, 13.8% prenatal, p = 0.002), relocation (57.6% postnatal, 36.2% prenatal, p = 0.019), and travel (51.5% postnatal, 33% prenatal, p = 0.033) were more influential for the postnatal group while insurance coverage (36.4% postnatal, 68.1% prenatal, p = 0.003) was more influential to the prenatal group. Of the medical factors, the consideration of maternal risk for transfusion was different between surgical groups (39.4% postnatal, 18.1% prenatal, p = 0.015). The open responses suggest that both surgical groups found the quality of life for the baby to be significant to their decision‐making.ConclusionsThese findings should guide providers to tailor counseling to patient's needs. Comprehensive counseling should include information on financial resources, referral to financial counselors, and psychosocial support services.
Numerical Estimation of Variation of Pressure and Temperature of Expanding Blast Wave with Time due to Detonation of High Explosives in Air
Authors: Srinivas Kumar A. , Satyavani T. V. S. L , Dharma Rao V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh explosives on detonation generate high pressure shock waves moving initially at very high velocities in the ambient medium and damage the encountered targets. The expanding hot gases in blast waves are also responsible for the damage. The extent of damage to a target depends on the magnitude of pressure or impulse and also on temperature due to explosion. A theoretical analysis is carried out to predict the temperature produced in the expanding blast as a function of distance and time by solving analytically the governing equations. The initial peak pressure and temperature of a blast wave, which are required in the theoretical analysis, were calculated making use of the blast wave theory. Results obtained for blast pressures at different distances using this theory were published by the authors earlier. The same numerical analysis is used for obtaining variation of pressure and temperature with time and presented in this paper. High explosives namely TNT, Composition ‘B’, PBX, and Hexolite of varying weights are considered in the present study.
An assessment of radiative impacts of CO2 on baroclinic instability using idealized life cycles
Authors: Kaviani Mahshid , Ahmadi‐Givi Farhang , Mohebalhojeh Ali R. , Yazgi Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInteraction between CO2 and atmospheric radiation has a significant part in changing horizontal and vertical temperature distributions, through which it can affect the midlatitude atmospheric dynamics. Baroclinic instability, which is the energy source of large‐scale eddy formation in midlatitudes, depends on meridional and vertical eddy fluxes of heat. While several studies have been devoted to the impact of CO2 concentration present in the atmosphere on baroclinic eddies in climate time‐scales, the current work aims to determine the corresponding impact over a period of 10 to 20 days relevant to the duration of baroclinic life cycles when the flow is deterministically predictable. To this end, the radiative parametrization scheme called RRTMG (Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for General Circulation Models) has been coupled with the Diabatic Contour‐Advective Semi‐Lagrangian (DCASL) dynamical core. Except for parametrization of radiation as well as surface processes to represent radiative interaction with the surface, no other physics parametrizations are included in the model. The idealized life‐cycle experiments are carried out for both the predominantly anticyclonic (LC1) and cyclonic (LC2) Rossby wave breaking with the same initialization but five different CO2 concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 ppmv). The impacts of different CO2 concentrations on eddy growth, mean flow and eddy–mean flow interaction are discussed. Results show that the presence of CO2 has a damping effect on instability in the baroclinic growth stage, amounting to about 7% and 4% reduction in the peak value of domain area‐average eddy kinetic energy for LC1 and LC2, respectively. In addition, increase in CO2 concentration has a small negative impact on the growth rate, vertical eddy propagation and jet intensification.