bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quad-Band multi-polarized antenna with modified electric-inductive−capacitive resonator
Authors: Singh Ghanshyam , Kanaujia Binod Kumar , Pandey Vijay Kumar , Kumar Sachin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA compact circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna is presented for modern communication systems. The prospective antenna consists of a microstrip-line inset-fed rectangular patch and a defected ground plane. A rotated rectangular slot and a modified electric-inductive-capacitive (m-ELC) resonator are introduced in the patch and the ground plane to achieve multiband behaviour. A corner of the radiating patch is truncated and an arrow-shaped stub is introduced for generating circular polarization. The physical area of the substrate is 0.26λ0 × 0.22λ0, and the radiator size is 0.16λ0 × 0.14λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength estimated at the lowest frequency. The measured (S11≤-10 dB) bandwidths of the antenna are 80 MHz (3.58%) at 2.23 GHz, 75 MHz (2.64%) at 2.84 GHz, 80 MHz (2.50%) at 3.19 GHz, and 70 MHz (1.82%) at 3.83 GHz. The measured 3-dB axial ratio bandwidths are 40 MHz (1.41%), 100 MHz (3.12%), and 60 MHz (1.57%) at 2.84, 3.20 and 3.82 GHz, respectively. The proposed planar antenna design does not need dual-feed or multi-layered patches for achieving multiple CP bands. It offers easy integration with the printed circuits of the communication systems.
Geographic differentiation of adaptive phenological traits of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) populations
Authors: Martinková Zdenka , Honěk Alois , Pekár Stano , Leišova-Svobodová Leona 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn central Europe, barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.], has commonly been found in humid lowland areas. As a result of the introduction of new crops and farming practices, in the northwest Carpathians, E. crus-galli has spread from lowland (<200 m altitude) to highland (>400 m altitude) areas. We collected seed samples from local populations lying at a distance of approximately 5 km from each other and lined up along transects following the flows of two rivers. The rivers first flow through the valleys separated by mountain ridges and eventually flow into a common lowland. After ripening, the seeds of all populations were germinated at 25 C under long-day conditions. Only the seeds of some lowland populations germinated up to 75%. The frequency of germinated seeds decreased as the altitude where the population was collected increased, and above 200 m above sea level, germination was mostly zero. We then studied the phenological and morphological differentiation of plants from the original (lowland) and recently occupied (highland) areas. Seeds of the lowest and the highest localities lying on the transect of each river were sown in a common garden experiment. In plants from the highland localities, heading and seed dispersal were earlier, while tiller height and tiller mass were lower than in plants from the lowland localities. Seed mass produced per tiller in the lowland and highland plants was similar, and as a result, highland plants allocated a larger proportion of body mass to seed production than did lowland plants. Echinochloa crus-galli populations from highland localities thus produce their progeny earlier and at a lower energy cost than populations from lowland localities. The plasticity of phenological characters likely facilitated adaptation during E. crus-galli spread from lowlands to highlands. Similar adaptations in plant phenology may contribute to the spread of E. crus-galli in other geographic areas.
Particle Dynamics in a Managed Navigation Channel Under Different Tidal Conditions as Determined Using Multiple Radionuclide Tracers
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Huang Dekun , Xie Weiming , He Qing , Du Jinzhou 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParticle dynamics play significant roles in sedimentological and geomorphological processes as well as biogeochemical cycles in estuaries. We collected a suite of water samples from the North Passage of the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary during different tidal conditions in summer 2009 to observe variations in the particulate 234Th, 7Be, 210Pb, and 137Cs activities as well as in particle transport, deposition, and resuspension. The mean activities of 7Be and 210Pbex in surface water during low tide were lower than those during high tide. The residence times of 7Be (1.1–3.4 d), 234Th (4.7–28 d), and 210Pb (7.9–34 d) in the North Passage increased with the increase of salinity and suspended particulate matter. The estimated results, based on a two‐dimensional model of 7Be, 234Th, and 210Pb, showed that sedimentary particles in the North Passage experienced net deposition during neap tides whereas those in more seaward areas of the North Passage exhibited net resuspension during spring tides. The 7Be/210Pbex activity ratio in seaward area of the North Passage was lower during spring tide than during neap tide but both were close to values in surface sediments beyond the estuary. Using 7Be/210Pbex and 137Cs/210Pbex activity ratios as tracers, we deduced that most of particles in the North Passage were not derived from the direct deposition of Changjiang input particles but were transported from sediment deposited offshore. These results emphasized the important contributions of offshore inputs to sediments in this channel, which should be considered when conducting channel dredging of other estuarine systems.
The Distribution of Frosts on Mars: Links to Present‐Day Gully Activity
Authors: Khuller A. R. , Christensen P. R. , Harrison T. N. , Diniega S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNumerous types of activity in mid latitude martian gullies have been observed over the last decade. Some activity has been constrained to occur in the coldest times of year, suggesting that surficial frosts that form seasonally and diurnally might play a key role in this activity. Here we use thermal infrared data to explore the global, spatial and temporal variation of temperatures conducive to CO2 and H2O frost formation on Mars, and assess their distribution relative to gully landforms. CO2 frost detections are observed at all latitudes and are strongly correlated with dusty, low thermal inertia regions near the equator. While it is difficult to accurately detect the formation of H2O frost, the global H2O frost point distribution generally follows water vapor column abundance, and is weakly correlated with surface pressure. Most global CO2 frost detections do not contain gullies, but 47% of all gullies, and 73% of active gullies (76% in the south, and 25% in the north) do overlap with CO2 frost detections. We predict that the conditions necessary for significant present‐day gully activity include a few centimeters of CO2 frost within loose, unconsolidated sediments (I ∼ 300 ) on relatively steep (>20°) slopes. Additionally, it could be possible for small amounts of H2O frosts to play a role in present‐day equatorial mass wasting events. However, whether present‐day gully activity is representative of gully formation is still open to debate, because it seems unlikely that frosts can erode channels into rocky substrates–even considering geologic timescales.
Impacts of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, sleep efficiency, and conventional risk factors on home hypertension in a general Japanese population
Authors: Hirata Takumi , Kogure Mana , Tsuchiya Naho , Miyagawa Ken , Narita Akira , Nochioka Kotaro , Uruno Akira , Obara Taku , Nakamura Tomohiro , Nakaya Naoki , Metoki Hirohito , Kikuya Masahiro , Sugawara Junichi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Tsuji Ichiro , Kure Shigeo , Hozawa Atsushi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, a high urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio and reduced sleep efficiency, in addition to conventional risk factors (obesity and excess alcohol intake), have been identified as risk factors for hypertension. We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for home hypertension due to these risk factors in a general Japanese population. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 1384 participants (393 men and 991 women) to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the presence of any of the conventional risk factors using multivariable logistic regression analyses. The models were adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, and log-transformed average daily steps. We also estimated the OR and 95% CI for the presence of any of the overall risk factors. Furthermore, we calculated the PAF due to these risk factors. The results showed that the prevalence of home hypertension was 39.0% (540/1384). The presence of any of the conventional risk factors, as well as any of the overall risk factors, was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension (OR 2.80, 95% CI 2.15–3.65; OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.93–3.22, respectively). The PAF for hypertension due to the presence of any of the conventional risk factors and the PAF due to the presence of any of the overall risk factors were 30.2% and 39.0%, respectively. In conclusion, the impact of the overall risk factors, including the urinary Na/K ratio and sleep efficiency, on home hypertension was higher than that of conventional risk factors alone. The management of the urinary Na/K ratio and sleep efficiency as well as conventional risk factors might be important in the management of blood pressure.
Covalent capture and electrochemical quantification of pathogenic E. coli
Authors: Klass Sarah H. , Sofen Laura E. , Hallberg Zachary F. , Fiala Tahoe A. , Ramsey Alexandra V. , Dolan Nicholas S. , Francis Matthew B. , Furst Ariel L. 
Published: February 2021

Pathogenic E. coli pose a significant threat to public health by causing both foodborne illness and urinary tract infections. A sensitive electrochemical method to detect these pathogens can be used for surveillance and to prevent illness.
Potential origin of the state-dependent high-energy tail in the black hole microquasar Cygnus X-1 as seen with INTEGRAL
Authors: Cangemi F. , Beuchert T. , Siegert T. , Rodriguez J. , Grinberg V. , Belmont R. , Gouiffès C. , Kreykenbohm I. , Laurent P. , Pottschmidt K. , Wilms J. 
Published: February 2021

Context. 0.1–10 MeV observations of the black hole microquasar Cygnus X-1 have shown the presence of a spectral feature in the form of a power law in addition to the standard black body (0.1–10 keV) and Comptonization (10–200 keV) components observed by INTEGRAL in several black-hole X-ray binaries. This so-called “high-energy tail” was recently shown to be strong in the hard spectral state of Cygnus X-1, and, in this system, has been interpreted as the high-energy part of the emission from a compact jet.
Aims. This result was nevertheless obtained from a data set largely dominated by hard state observations. In the soft state, only upper limits on the presence and hence the potential parameters of a high-energy tail could be derived. Using an extended data set, we aim to obtain better constraints on the properties of this spectral component in both states.
Methods. We make use of data obtained from about 15 years of observations with the INTEGRAL satellite. The data set is separated into the different states and we analyze stacked state-resolved spectra obtained from the X-ray monitors, the gamma-ray imager, and the gamma-ray spectrometer (SPI) onboard.
Results. A high-energy component is detected in both states, confirming its earlier detection in the hard state and its suspected presence in the soft state with INTEGRAL, as seen in a much smaller SPI data set. We first characterize the high-energy tail components in the two states through a model-independent, phenomenological analysis. We then apply physical models based on hybrid Comptonization (eqpair and belm). The spectra are well modeled in all cases, with a similar goodness of the fits. While in the semi-phenomenological approach the high-energy tail has similar indices in both states, the fits with the physical models seem to indicate slightly different properties. Based on this approach, we discuss the potential origins of the high-energy components in both the soft and hard states, and favor an interpretation where the high-energy component is due to a compact jet in the hard state and hybrid Comptonization in either a magnetized or nonmagnetized corona in the soft state.
The causal relationship k
Authors: Barukčić Ilija 
Published: February 2021

Aim: A detailed and sophisticated analysis of causal relationships and chains of causation in medicine, life and other sciences by logically consistent statistical meth¬ods in the light of empirical data is still not a matter of daily routine for us.
Methods: In this publication, the relationship between cause and effect is characterized while using the tools of classical logic and probability theory.
Results: Methods how to determine conditions are developed in detail. The causal rela-tionship k has been derived mathematically from the axiom +1 = +1.
Conclusion: Non-experimental and experimental data can be analysed by the methods presented for causal relationships.
Intimate consumptions
Authors: Rüdiger Sofia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I investigate how the structure of and discursive performance on North American YouTube eating
shows contribute to the creation of intimacy and informality. In a typical eating show, the performer eats copious amounts of food
while talking to their non-copresent audience, making use of interactional registers to ‘break’ from the solitary setting and to
build rapport with their viewers. The material for this study is based on two case studies drawn from a corpus of YouTube eating
shows. At the heart of the eating show performances lies the persona of a ‘friend’ of the viewer, diverting from their highly
structured and technologically-mediated communicative nature. While the language used on eating shows may thus seem spontaneous
and unprompted, the videos are not only planned but also edited. The simultaneous presence of selected unedited moments (i.e.,
slips of the tongue and other mishaps), however, is evidence of a conscious blending of front- and backstage performance (Goffman 1959; Shulman 2017).
Negotiating patients’ therapy proposals in paternalistic and humanistic clinics
Authors: Odebunmi Akin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The negotiation of patients’ therapy proposals often makes a strong statement about doctors’ consultative styles
in Nigerian clinical encounters. This invites a search into the relationship between patients’ preferred treatment options and
doctors’ and patients’ approaches to negotiating them. Analysis reveals the sequential and face orientation mechanisms deployed in
negotiating patients’ proposals in predominantly doctor-centred clinics, the interactional moves made by them in negotiating the
proposals in predominantly patient-centred clinics, and the pragmatic implications of the proposals negotiated in both
clinics. The negotiations in the clinics are anchored to strategic rapport building, the colonisation of patients’ lifeworld and
constrained joint decisions. Rapport is poorly built in the doctor-centred clinic with power-imbued strategies which stifle
patients’ voice and lead to completely-constrained joint decisions on therapy proposals by patients. Participatory consultation
enhances negotiation in the patient-centred clinic, but the physician’s misleading strategic sequences and exaggerated emotions
somewhat weaken the ultimate consultative outcome.
Children’s sociolinguistic preferences
Authors: Kaiser Irmtraud , Kasberger Gudrun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Bavarian-speaking part of Austria is often
referred to as an instantiation of a dialect-standard continuum with
a range of speech forms between (Austrian) Standard German and the
respective base dialects. The socio-indexical meaning (i.e. the
speaker characteristics associated with certain varieties) of
different speech forms has been the object of several studies with
adults in Austria. Our aim was to gain an understanding of the
acquisition process regarding these socio-indexical values of
L1-varieties. In order to do so, we studied the sociolinguistic
preferences of Austrian children aged between 3 and 10 years, using
adapted ‘matched-guise’ experiments in which the child had to choose
between two doctors speaking different varieties (dialect, standard
German). Whereas the younger children do not show consistent
preferences, children from grade 2 (age 7/8) onwards prefer the
standard-speaking doctor.
Adult learners’ (non-) acquisition of speaker-specific
variation
Authors: Hudson Kam Carla L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study is concerned with understanding how
learners acquire sociolinguistic variation. It examines the
possibility that learners gain entry into socially-conditioned
variation by first associating patterns with particular speakers.
Adult participants were exposed to a miniature artificial language
spoken by two different speakers, each exhibiting a different
variable pattern of determiner usage. After exposure, participants
were tested to see if they had acquired the speaker-specific
patterns using production and judgment measures. The data show no
evidence that participants had learned the speaker-specific
patterns. How then do learners acquire sociolinguistic variation? I
suggest that learners need a more socially relevant variable to
index variation to, that is, that sociolinguistic variation really
is social at its core.
Hamiltonian estimation based on adaptive weak value amplification
Authors: Fang Chen , Xia Binke , Huang Jing-Zheng , Xiao Tailong , Yu Yang , Li Hongjing , Zeng Guihua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hamiltonian estimation is a cardinal task in applications of quantum metrology, quantum computation, quantum simulation, etc. When the evolution time is short in order to suppress noise and enhance sensitivity, the measurement and postprocessing may incur high cost. In this paper, we propose an adaptive weak measurement scheme for Hamiltonian estimation, which adjusts the pre- and post-selection according to the difference of the mean shift between two orthogonal post-selected states. According to the angle of the post-selected state, the proposed scheme can change from weak value amplification (WVA) to joint weak measurement (JWM). A study of the quantum Fisher information shows that the JWM situation is always optimal. Meanwhile, the WVA approach loses a little information but it can inherit the WVA’s technical advantages, which are suitable for short evolution times. The widely applicable scope of the proposed scheme makes us believe that it offers a new path for the understanding of unknown Hamiltonians.
Laser interferometry based on atomic coherence
Authors: Bhattarai Mangesh , Khan Sumanta , Natarajan Vasant , Pandey Kanhaiya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate laser interferometry based on phase difference between the two arms of an interferometer. The experiments are done with a Cs atomic vapor cell at room temperature and use atomic coherence. The interference can be tuned from constructive to destructive by tuning the relative phase between the two arms. It is similar to the Michelson interferometer, but differs in the important aspect of allowing interference when the polarizations in the two arms are orthogonal. This would be a novel method for interfering two independent lasers, which can even allow interfering two independent lasers of completely different wavelengths.
Quantitative detection of optical anisotropy of single microtubules by polarization-sensitive interferometric scattering microscopy
Authors: Vala Milan , Palounek David , Robert Hadrien M L , Piliarik Marek 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are ubiquitous cytoskeletal biopolymers essential for diverse cellular processes. MTs consist of strictly ordered tubulin dimers arranged into hollow cylindrical filaments and are known to be optically anisotropic, which enables their direct observation in microscopes based on polarization contrast. However, there are no experimental data to quantify the relation between the momentary optical anisotropy of the MT and the immediate arrangement of proteins in the MT structure. In this work, we introduce polarization-sensitive microscopy based on interferometric detection of scattering to quantify the scattering anisotropy of single unlabeled MTs with high precision. Our data explain the structural origin of MT anisotropy with a marginal contribution of the intrinsic asymmetry of a single tubulin molecule. We monitor changes in the MT scattering resulting from the binding of tau proteins to single MTs with a resolution of several proteins per diffraction-limited spot. We associate the changes in the contrast as well as in the scattering anisotropy with the formation of a shell around the MT formed by densely packed tau proteins. Our experimental results match closely with the theoretical model of the MT and include quantitative details about the polarization-dependent interaction of light with biological matter.
Enhanced

α

α-particle production from fusion evaporation reactions leading to 46Ti
Authors: Cicerchia M , Gramegna F , Fabris D , Cinausero M , Marchi T , Andreetta G , Barlini S , Bini M , Bolzonella R , Bruno M , Buccola A , Caciolli A , Camaiani A , Casini G , Cieplicka-Orynczak N , Collazuol G , D’Agostino M , Degerlier M , Dell’Aquila D , Domenichetti L , Fornal B , Frosin C , Gelli N , Gruyer D , Kravchuk V L , Leoni S , Lombardo I , Mabiala J , Managlia M V , Mantovani G , Mengoni D , Morelli L , Olmi A , Ottanelli P , Pasquali G , Pastore G , Piantelli S , Scomparin L , Valdré S , Verde G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we report a detailed study on the de-excitation of the 46Ti compound nucleus populated by means of four different reactions: 16O + 30Si at 7 and 8 AMeV, 18O + 28Si at 7 AMeV and 19F + 27Al at 7 AMeV. The GARFIELD detection array was used to measure the light charged particles and the heavy fragments emitted. This setup covers a large fraction of the solid angle with high-granularity. Complete events are chosen through total charge (Z
TOT = 22) detection. Fusion-evaporation events are selected based on the condition that only one heavy fragment is detected in coincidence with the light charged particles. The analysis of global observables, such as charge distribution and light charged particle multiplicities, is compatible with the formation of a thermalized compound nucleus for all the four reactions. Nevertheless, an enhanced emission of α-particles with respect to a pure statistical picture is observed at very forward angles (<20°). This enhancement is mainly visible in the even-Z residue exit channels populated through the emission of only α-particles.