bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet‐like particles reduce coagulopathy‐related and neuroinflammatory pathologies post‐experimental traumatic brain injury
Authors: Todd Jordan , Bharadwaj Vimala N. , Nellenbach Kimberly , Nandi Seema , Mihalko Emily , Copeland Connor , Brown Ashley C. , Stabenfeldt Sarah E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoagulopathy may occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI), thereby negatively affecting patient outcomes. Here, we investigate the use of platelet‐like particles (PLPs), poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic‐acid) microgels conjugated with a fibrin‐specific antibody, to improve hemostasis post‐TBI. The objective of this study was to diminish coagulopathy in a mouse TBI model (controlled cortical impact) via PLP treatment, and subsequently decrease blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and neuroinflammation. Following an acute intravenous injection of PLPs post‐TBI, we analyzed BBB permeability, ex vivo coagulation parameters, and neuroinflammation at 24 hr and 7 days post‐TBI. Both PLP‐treatment and control particle‐treatment had significantly decreased BBB permeability and improved clot structure 24 hr post‐injury. Additionally, no significant change in tissue sparing was observed between 24 hr and 7 days for PLP‐treated cohorts compared to that observed in untreated cohorts. Only PLP‐treatment resulted in significant reduction of astrocyte expression at 7 days and percent difference from 24 hr to 7 days. Finally, PLP‐treatment significantly reduced the percent difference from 24 hr to 7 days in microglia/macrophage density compared to the untreated control. These results suggest that PLP‐treatment addressed acute hypocoagulation and decreased BBB permeability followed by decreased neuroinflammation and fold‐change tissue loss by 7 days post‐injury. These promising results indicate that PLPs could be a potential therapeutic modality for TBI.
CHAMPION: Chalmers hierarchical atomic, molecular, polymeric and ionic analysis toolkit
Authors: Andersson Rasmus , Årén Fabian , Franco Alejandro A. , Johansson Patrik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present CHAMPION (Chalmers hierarchical atomic, molecular, polymeric, and ionic analysis toolkit): a software developed to automatically detect time‐dependent bonds between atoms based on their dynamics, classify the local graph topology around them, and analyze the physicochemical properties of these topologies by statistical physics. In stark contrast to methodologies where bonds are detected based on static conditions such as cut‐off distances, CHAMPION considers pairs of atoms to be bound only if they move together and act as a bound pair over time. Furthermore, the time‐dependent global bond graph is possible to split into dynamically shifting connected components or subgraphs around a certain chemical motif and thereby allow the physicochemical properties of each such topology to be analyzed by statistical physics. Applicable to condensed matter and liquids in general, and electrolytes in particular, this allows both quantitative and qualitative descriptions of local structure, as well as dynamical processes such as speciation and diffusion. We present here a detailed overview of CHAMPION, including its underlying methodology, implementation, and capabilities.
Lung ultrasound score based on the BLUE‐plus protocol is associated with the outcomes and oxygenation indices of intensive care unit patients
Authors: Peng Qian‐Yi , Liu Li‐Xia , Zhang Qian , Zhu Ying , Zhang Hong‐Min , Yin Wan‐Hong , He Wei , Shang Xiu‐Ling , Chao Yan‐Gong , Lv Li‐Wen , Wang Xiao‐Ting , Zhang Li‐Na ,   Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study Group (CCUSG)
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe primary objective was to demonstrate the relationship between lung ultrasound (LUS) manifestations and the outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The secondary objective was to determine the characteristics of LUS manifestations in different subgroups of ICU patients.MethodsThis prospective multi‐center cohort study was conducted in 17 ICUs. A total of 1702 patients admitted between August 31, 2017 and February 16, 2019 were included. LUS was performed according to the bedside lung ultrasound in emergency (BLUE)‐plus protocol, and LUS scores were calculated. Data on the outcomes and oxygenation indices were analyzed and compared between different primary indication groups.ResultsThe LUS scores were significantly higher for non‐survivors than for survivors and were significantly different between the oxygenation index groups, with higher scores in the lower oxygenation index groups. The LUS score was an independent risk factor for the 28‐day mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.663 for prediction of the 28‐day mortality and 0.748 for prediction of an oxygenation index ≤100.ConclusionsThe LUS score based on the BLUE‐plus protocol was an independent risk factor for the 28‐day mortality and was important for the prediction of an oxygenation index ≤100. An early LUS score within 24 hours of ICU admission helps predicting the outcome of ICU patients.
No need for secondary Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis in adult people living with HIV from Europe on ART with suppressed viraemia and a CD4 cell count greater than 100 cells/µL
Authors: Atkinson Andrew , Miro Jose M. , Mocroft Amanda , Reiss Peter , Kirk Ole , Morlat Philippe , Ghosn Jade , Stephan Christoph , Mussini Cristina , Antoniadou Anastasia , Doerholt Katja , Girardi Enrico , De Wit Stéphane , Kraus David , Zwahlen Marcel , Furrer Hansjakob ,   the Opportunistic Infections Working Group of the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) study in EuroCOORD
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionSince the beginning of the HIV epidemic in resource‐rich countries, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PjP) is one of the most frequent opportunistic AIDS‐defining infections. The Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) has shown that primary Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia (PjP) prophylaxis can be safely withdrawn in patients with CD4 counts of 100 to 200 cells/µL if plasma HIV‐RNA is suppressed on combination antiretroviral therapy. Whether this holds true for secondary prophylaxis is not known, and this has proved difficult to determine due to the much lower population at risk.MethodsWe estimated the incidence of secondary PjP by including patient data collected from 1998 to 2015 from the COHERE cohort collaboration according to time‐updated CD4 counts, HIV‐RNA and use of PjP prophylaxis in persons >16 years of age. We fitted a Poisson generalized additive model in which the smoothed effect of CD4 was modelled by a restricted cubic spline, and HIV‐RNA was stratified as low (<400), medium (400 to 10,000) or high (>10,000copies/mL).ResultsThere were 373 recurrences of PjP during 74,295 person‐years (py) in 10,476 patients. The PjP incidence in the different plasma HIV‐RNA strata differed significantly and was lowest in the low stratum. For patients off prophylaxis with CD4 counts between 100 and 200 cells/µL and HIV‐RNA below 400 copies/mL, the incidence of recurrent PjP was 3.9 (95% CI: 2.0 to 5.8) per 1000 py, not significantly different from patients on prophylaxis in the same stratum (1.9, 95% CI: 0.1 to 3.7).ConclusionsHIV viraemia importantly affects the risk of recurrent PjP. In virologically suppressed patients on ART with CD4 counts of 100 to 200/µL, the incidence of PjP off prophylaxis is below 10/1000 py. Secondary PjP prophylaxis may be safely withheld in such patients. While European guidelines recommend discontinuing secondary PjP prophylaxis only if CD4 counts rise above 200 cells/mL, the latest US Guidelines consider secondary prophylaxis discontinuation even in patients with a CD4 count above 100 cells/µL and suppressed viral load. Our results strengthen and support this US recommendation.
Phase 1 pharmacokinetics and safety study of extended duration dapivirine vaginal rings in the United States
Authors: Liu Albert Y , Dominguez Islas Clara , Gundacker Holly , Neradilek Blazej , Hoesley Craig , van der Straten Ariane , Hendrix Craig W , Beamer May , Jacobson Cindy E , McClure Tara , Harrell Tanya , Bunge Katherine , Devlin Brid , Nuttall Jeremy , Spence Patrick , Steytler John , Piper Jeanna M , Marzinke Mark A ,   the MTN‐036/IPM 047 Protocol Team for the Microbicide Trials Network
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionVaginal rings are a promising approach to provide a woman‐centred, long‐acting HIV prevention strategy. Prior trials of a 25 mg dapivirine (DPV) ring have shown a favourable safety profile and approximately 30% risk reduction of HIV‐1 infection. Extended duration rings replaced every three months may encourage user adherence, improve health service efficiency and reduce cost overall. We evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics, adherence and acceptability of two three‐month rings with different DPV dosages, compared with the monthly DPV ring.MethodsFrom December 2017 to October 2018, MTN‐036/IPM‐047 enrolled 49 HIV‐negative participant in Birmingham, Alabama and San Francisco, California into a phase 1, randomized trial comparing two extended duration (three‐month) rings (100 or 200 mg DPV) to a monthly 25 mg DPV ring, each used over 13 weeks, with follow‐up completed in January 2019. Safety was assessed by recording adverse events (AEs). DPV concentrations were quantified in plasma, cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and cervical tissue, at nominal timepoints. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) relative to the comparator ring were estimated from a regression model.ResultsThere were no differences in the proportion of participants with grade ≥2 genitourinary AEs or grade ≥3 AEs in the extended duration versus monthly ring arms (p = 1.0). Plasma and CVF DPV concentrations were higher in the extended duration rings compared to the monthly ring. Plasma GMRs were 1.31 to 1.85 and 1.41 to 1.86 and CVF GMRs were 1.45 to 2.87 and 1.74 to 2.60 for the 100 and 200 mg ring respectively. Cervical tissue concentrations were consistently higher in the 200 mg ring (GMRs 2.36 to 3.97). The majority of participants (82%) were fully adherent (ring inserted at all times, with no product discontinuations/outages) with no differences between the monthly versus three‐month rings. Most participants found the ring acceptable (median = 8 on 10‐point Likert scale), with a greater proportion of participants reporting high acceptability (9 or 10) in the 25 mg arm (73%) compared with the 100 mg (25%) and 200 mg (44%) arms (p = 0.01 and p = 0.15 respectively).ConclusionsThe extended duration DPV rings were well‐tolerated and achieved higher DPV concentrations compared with the monthly DPV ring. These findings support further evaluation of three‐month DPV rings for HIV prevention.
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping for Staging Acute Cerebral Hemorrhages: Comparing the Conventional and Multiecho Complex Total Field Inversion magnetic resonance imaging MR Methods
Authors: Champagne Allen A. , Wen Yan , Selim Magdy , Filippidis Aristotelis , Thomas Ajith J. , Spincemaille Pascal , Wang Yi , Soman Salil 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe perceived acuity of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) impacts the management of patients, both within emergent and outpatient/urgent settings. Morphology enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) quantitative susceptibility imaging (QSM) has improved characterization of ICH acuity, despite outstanding limitations in distinguishing blood products.Purpose/HypothesisUsing improved susceptibility quantification, novel postprocessing QSM method from multiecho complex total field inversion (mcTFI) may better discriminate between acute and subacute ICH, compared to MEDI.Study TypeRetrospective cohort study.SubjectsA total of 121 subjects enrolled following positive computerized tomography (CT) findings for ICH. Subjects were grouped based on time between admission and MR imaging: hyperacute (<24 hours), acute (1–3 days), early subacute (3–7 days), and late subacute (7–18 days).Field Strength/SequenceA multiecho gradient echo sequence at 3.0 T was paired with clinical noncontrast CT imaging.AssessmentA quantitative index (CTindex) was derived based on relative intensities of blood on noncontrast CT. All images were co‐registered, from which QSM parameters within the ICH area were assessed across groups, as well as the correlation with CTindex.Statistical TestsGroup differences were assessed using ANOVAs. Linear regressions between the CTindex, MEDI, and mcTFI measurements were used to assess their relationships. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsA total of 21 hyperacute, 72 acute, 21 early subacute, and 7 late‐subacute patients were included in this analysis. Significant changes in blood susceptibility were found over time for the MEDI and mcTFI, although mcTFI better differentiated the hyperacute/acute from subacute stages. CTindex values within the ICH were more strongly correlated with mcTFI QSM (r = 0.727) than MEDI (r = 0.412) QSM.Data conclusionMcTFI susceptibility estimation demonstrated better correlation with ICH acuity as suggested by CT, providing an improved method to assess acuity of intracranial blood products in clinical settings to identify cases that may require acute intervention.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage2
Gender Differences in Traumatic Experiences and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms After the Rwandan Genocide Against the Tutsi
Authors: Platt Jonathan M. , Pozen Joanna , Ntaganira Joseph , Sezibera Vincent , Neugebauer Richard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe effects of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide against the Tutsi are widespread and long‐lasting, but little is known about how posttraumatic consequences differ regarding gender. In the present study, we estimated the associations between trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in a Rwandan community sample and examined whether the associations differed by gender. The sample comprised 498 adults (75.2% women) living in Rwanda's Huye District in 2011. We used a validated self‐report checklist to assess the eight most frequent traumatic experiences during the Genocide. The PTSD Checklist–Civilian version (PCL‐C) was used to assess PTSS. Associations between trauma exposure and PTSS were estimated using structural equation modeling (SEM), with additional SEMs stratified by gender. The prevalence of exposure to each traumatic event ranged from 15.1% to 64.5%, with more severe PTSS among individuals who reported personal physical injury, β = .76, 95% CI [0.54, 0.98]; witnessing sexual/physical violence against a loved one, β = .51, 95% CI [0.20, 0.81]; a close relative/friend's death, β = .54, 95% CI [0.24, 0.83]; property destruction, β = .35, 95% CI [0.048, 0.51]; or a family member's death due to illness, β = .21, 95% CI [0.00, 0.41]. Men who saw people killed and women who witnessed sexual/physical violence against a close family member reported elevated PTSS. The psychiatric impact of the Rwandan Genocide continues into the 21st century. Increased attention should be paid to the long‐term and demographic patterns of distress and disorder, especially in the absence of widespread clinical mental health services.
Impact of Adjuvant Medical Therapies on Surgical Outcomes in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Hoffman Matthew R. , Patro Ankita , Huang Li‐Ching , Chen Sheau‐Chiann , Berry Lynn D. , Gelbard Alexander , Francis David O. ,   North American Airway Collaborative
Published: June 2021

Objectives/HypothesisAdjuvant medications including proton pump inhibitors (PPI), antibiotics (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole [TMP‐SMX]), and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) may be prescribed for patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). We describe medication use with endoscopic dilation (ED) or endoscopic resection with medical treatment (ERMT) and evaluate impact on outcomes.Study DesignInternational, prospective, 3‐year multicenter cohort study of 810 patients with untreated, newly diagnosed, or previously treated iSGS.MethodsPost hoc secondary analysis of prospectively collected North American Airway Collaborative data on outcomes linked with adjuvant medication utilization. Primary outcome was time to recurrent operation, evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Secondary outcomes of change in peak expiratory flow (PEF) and clinical chronic obstructive pulmonary disease questionnaire (CCQ) score over 12 months were compared.ResultsSixty‐one of 129 patients undergoing ED received PPI (47%), and 10/143 patients undergoing ED received ICS (7%). TMP‐SMX was used by 87/115 patients (76%) undergoing EMRT. PPI use in the ED group did not affect time to recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–1.88; P = .99) or 12‐month change in PEF (L/min) (median [interquartile range], 12.0 [10.7–12.2] vs. 8.7 [−5.1 to 24.9]; P = .59), but was associated with 12‐month change in CCQ (−0.05 [−0.97 to 0.75] vs. −0.50 [−1.60 to 0.20]; P = .04). ICS did not affect outcome measures. TMP‐SMX use in ERMT did not affect time to recurrence (HR = 0.842, 95% CI: 0.2345–3.023; P = .79), PEF at 12 months (75 [68–89] vs. 81 [68–89]; P = .92), or 12‐month change in CCQ (0.20 [−1.05 to 0.47] vs. −0.30 [−1.00 to 0.10]; P = .45).ConclusionThere is no standard practice for prescribing adjuvant medications. These data do not support that adjuvant medications prolong time to recurrence or increase PEF. Patients with iSGS and gastroesophageal reflux disease may experience some symptom benefit with PPI.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2880–E2886, 2021
Nutrient and temperature constraints on primary production and net phytoplankton growth in a tropical ecosystem
Authors: López‐Sandoval Daffne C. , Duarte Carlos M. , Agustí Susana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Red Sea depicts a north–south gradient of positively correlated temperature and nutrient concentration. Despite its overall oligotrophic characteristics, primary production rates in the Red Sea vary considerably. In this study, based on five cruises and a 2‐year time series (2016–2018) sampling in the Central Red Sea, we determined phytoplankton photosynthetic rates (PP) by using 13C as a tracer and derived phytoplankton net growth rates (μ) and chlorophyll a (Chl a)‐normalized photosynthesis (PB). Our results indicate a ninefold variation (14–125 mgC m−2 h−1) in depth‐integrated primary production and reveal a marked seasonality in PP, PB, and μ. Depth‐integrated PP remained <30 mg C m−2 h−1 during spring and summer, and peaked in autumn–winter, particularly in the southernmost stations (~17°N). In surface waters, phytoplankton grew at a slow rate (0.2 ± 0.02 d−1), with the population doubling every 3.5 days, on average. However, during the autumn–winter period, when Chl a concentrations peaked in the central and southern regions, μ increased to values between 0.60 and 0.84 d−1, while PB reached its maximum rate (7.8 mgC [mg Chl a]−1 h−1). We used path analysis to resolve direct vs. indirect components between correlations. Our results show that nutrient availability modulates the photosynthetic performance and growth of phytoplankton communities and that PB and μ fluctuations are not directly associated with temperature changes. Our study suggests that similarly to other oligotrophic warm seas, phosphorus concentration exerts a key role in defining photosynthetic rates and the biomass levels of phytoplankton communities in the region.
Simons Collaborative Marine Atlas Project (Simons CMAP): An open‐source portal to share, visualize, and analyze ocean data
Authors: Ashkezari Mohammad D. , Hagen Norland R. , Denholtz Michael , Neang Andrew , Burns Tansy C. , Morales Rhonda L. , Lee Charlotte P. , Hill Christopher N. , Armbrust E. Virginia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSimons Collaborative Marine Atlas Project (Simons CMAP) is an open‐source data portal that interconnects large, complex, and diverse public data sets currently dispersed in different formats across different Oceanography discipline‐specific databases. Simons CMAP is designed to streamline the retrieval of custom subsets of data, the generation of data visualizations, and the analyses of diverse data, thus expanding the power of these potentially underutilized data sets for cross‐disciplinary studies of ocean processes. We describe a unified architecture that allows numerical model outputs, satellite products, and field observations to be readily shared, mined, and integrated regardless of data set size or resolution. A current focus of Simons CMAP is integration of physical, chemical, and biological data sets essential for characterizing the biogeography of key marine microbes across ocean basins and seasonal cycles. Using a practical example, we demonstrate how our unifying data harmonization plans significantly simplifies and allows for systematic data integration across all Simons CMAP data sets.
Breaking Acoustic Limit of Optical Focusing Using Photoacoustic‐Guided Wavefront Shaping
Authors: Gao Rongkang , Xu Zhiqiang , Song Liang , Liu Chengbo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOptical wavefront shaping (WFS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for focusing light in opaque scattering media. Photoacoustic (PA)‐guided WFS, in particular, has raised a lot of interest because of its non‐invasive approach of light focusing by utilizing endogenous optical absorption information inside complex samples. In general, the optical focus after PA‐guided WFS is limited by the focus of the ultrasound transducer. To date, a number of approaches have been developed to tackle this problem, allowing a sub‐acoustic focal spot to be achieved deep within scattering samples. This review introduces these developments in PA‐guided WFS, highlighting their fundamental principles as well as their merits and limitations. Furthermore, the rules that govern the optical focusing ability of PA‐guided WFS are provided, and the outlook and remaining challenges for future advances are discussed. These insights will facilitate further breakthroughs in PA‐guided WFS.