bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a year‐round school calendar on children's BMI and fitness: Final outcomes from a natural experiment
Authors: Weaver Robert Glenn , Hunt Ethan , Armstrong Bridget , Beets Michael W. , Brazendale Keith , Turner‐McGrievy Gabrielle , Pate Russell R. , Maydeu‐Olivares Alberto , Saelens Brian , Youngstedt Shawn D. , Dugger Roddrick , Parker Hannah , von Klinggraeff Lauren , Jones Alexis , Burkhart Sarah , Ressor‐Oyer Layton 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundStructure may mitigate children's accelerated summer BMI gain and cardiorespiratory‐fitness (CRF) loss.ObjectivesExamine BMI and CRF change during school and summer for year‐round and traditional calendar school children.MethodsThree schools (N = 2279, 1 year‐round) participated in this natural experiment. Children's BMI z‐score (zBMI) and CRF (PACER laps) were measured from 2017 to 2019 each May/August. Mixed effects regression estimated monthly zBMI and CRF change during school/summer. Secondary analyses examined differences by weight status and race. Spline regression models estimated zBMI and CRF growth from kindergarten‐sixth grade.ResultsCompared to traditional school, children attending a year‐round school gained more zBMI (difference = 0.015; 95CI = 0.002, 0.028) during school, and less zBMI (difference = −0.029; 95CI = −0.041, −0.018), and more CRF (difference = 0.834; 95CI = 0.575, 1.093) monthly during summer. Differences by weight status and race were observed during summer and school. Growth models demonstrated that the magnitude of overall zBMI and CRF change from kindergarten‐sixth grade was similar for year‐round or traditional school children.ConclusionsContrary to traditional school children zBMI increased during the traditional 9‐month school calendar and zBMI decreased during the traditional summer vacation for year‐round school children. Structured summer programming may mitigate accelerated summer BMI gain and CRF loss especially for overweight or obese, and/or Black children.
Therapeutic relationships in child and adolescent mental health services: A Delphi study with young people, carers and clinicians
Authors: Ryan Rachael , Berry Katherine , Law Heather , Hartley Samantha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTherapeutic relationships have been widely recognized as crucial to good outcomes in psychotherapy. However, there is comparatively little research on what constitutes and impacts therapeutic relationships in the context of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Relationships within CAMHS are inherently complex, with multiple relationships taking place between young people, parents or carers and staff members of various disciplines. The Delphi method was used to gain consensus regarding the definition of therapeutic relationships, what helps to build and what hinders the formation of a good relationship in the context of CAMHS. Three expert groups (young people, carers and staff) totalling 88 participants were invited to complete an online Delphi survey across three rounds. Consensus was reached to define the therapeutic relationship as trust, reliability and absence of judgemental attitudes (n = 19 statements). Factors that help build good relationships predominantly referred to staff behaviours of setting up open communication channels, showing acceptance of the young person’s difficulties and being consistent (n = 88 consensus agreement statements). Factors that hindered a good relationship were inconsistencies and lack of clear communication between all groups (n = 18 consensus agreement statements). Effective therapeutic relationships require key behaviours and approaches from clinicians. It is essential that staff members are open and honest in facilitating discussions about parental involvement within the relationship and that staff provide consistent and trusting support to young people and family members. Our findings demonstrate that key stakeholders agree on important aspects and that these could be a catalyst for renewed training and support structures.
A systematic review of the association between nursing staff and nursing‐sensitive outcomes in long‐term institutional care
Authors: Tuinman Astrid , De Greef Mathieu H. G. , Finnema Evelyn J. , Roodbol Petrie F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine the association between type of nursing staff and nursing‐sensitive outcomes in long‐term institutional care.DesignThis systematic review included studies published in English, German, and Dutch between January 1997 and January 2020.Data sourcesThe databases Medline (PubMed), CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Original quantitative studies were included.Review methodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used to critically appraise the reporting of the studies.ResultsFifteen articles were included. Of 33 quality of care outcomes, 21 were identified as nursing‐sensitive outcomes of which 13 showed a significant association with nursing staff, specifically: Activities of daily living, aggressive behavior, bladder/bowel incontinence, contractures, expressive language skills, falls, infection (including vaccination), range of motion, pain, pressure ulcers, and weight loss. However, studies reported inconsistent results regarding the association among RNs, LPNs, CNAs, and HCAs and these nursing‐sensitive outcomes, evidence shows that more RNs have a positive impact on nursing‐sensitive outcomes. As to the evidence regarding the other type of nursing staff, especially HCA, findings regularly showed a negative association.ConclusionFuture research should be expanded with structure and process variables of which the mediating and moderating effect on nursing‐sensitive outcomes is known. These may explain variances in quality of care and guide quality improvement initiatives. Researchers should consider fully applying Donabedian's structure–process–outcomes framework as it is a coherent entirety for quality assessment.ImpactThis review provides an overview of quality of care outcomes that are responsive to nursing interventions in long‐term institutional care. As the effects can be monitored and documented, quality assessment should focus on these nursing‐sensitive outcomes. The inconclusive results make it difficult to provide recommendations on who should best perform which care.
Design‐based stereological study of the guinea‐pig (Cavia porcellus) cerebellum
Authors: De Silva Margherita , Sadeghinezhad Javad , Nyengaard Jens R. , Aghabalazadeh Asl Mahdi , Saeidi Ava , De Sordi Nadia , Chiocchetti Roberto , Grandis Annamaria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGuinea pigs have proved useful as experimental animal models in studying cerebellar anatomical and structural alterations in human neurological disease; however, they are also currently acquiring increasing veterinary interest as companion animals. The morphometric features of the normal cerebellum in guinea pigs have not been previously investigated using stereology. The objective of the present work was to establish normal volumetric and quantitative stereological parameters for cerebellar tissues in guinea pigs, by means of unbiased design‐based stereology. Cerebellar total volume, gray and white matter volume fractions, molecular and granular layers volume fractions, cerebellar surface area, Purkinje cellular and nuclear volumes, and the Purkinje cell total count were stereologically estimated. For this purpose, cerebellar hemispheres from six adult male guinea pigs were employed. Isotropic, uniform random sections were obtained by applying the orientator method, and subsequently processed for light microscopy. The cerebellar total volume, the white and grey matter volume fractions, and the molecular and granular layer volumes were estimated using the Cavalieri's principle and the point counting system. The cerebellar surface area was estimated through the use of test lines; Purkinje cellular and nuclear volumes were analysed using the nucleator technique, whereas the Purkinje cell total count was obtained by means of the optical disector technique. The mean ± standard deviation total volume of a guinea‐pig cerebellar hemisphere was 0.11 ± 0.01 cm3. The mean volumetric proportions occupied by the gray and white matters were, respectively, 78.0 ± 2.6% and 22.0 ± 2.6%, whereas their mean absolute volumes were found to be 0.21 ± 0.02 cm3 and 0.059 ± 0.006 cm3. The volumes of the molecular and granular layers were estimated at 112.4 ± 20.6 mm3 and 104.4 ± 7.3 mm3, whereas their mean thicknesses were calculated to be 0.184 ± 0.020 mm and 0.17 ± 0.02 mm. The molecular and granular layers accounted for 40.7 ± 3.9% and 37.4 ± 1.8% of total cerebellar volume respectively. The surface area of the cerebellum measured 611.4 ± 96.8 mm2. Purkinje cells with a cellular volume of 3210.1 µm3 and with a nuclear volume of 470.9 µm3 had a higher incidence of occurrence. The mean total number of Purkinje cells for a cerebellar hemisphere was calculated to be 253,090 ± 34,754. The morphometric data emerging from the present study provide a set of reference data which might prove valuable as basic anatomical contribution for practical applications in veterinary neurology.
The Distinctive Domain of the Sharing Economy: Definitions, Value Creation, and Implications for Research
Authors: Markman Gideon D. , Lieberman Marvin , Leiblein Michael , Wei Li‐Qun , Wang Yonggui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this special issue is to expand our understanding of the sharing economy. To this end, we consider how the sharing economy can be demarcated and provide a definition that distinguishes the sharing economy from other forms of economic organization and resource orchestration. Specifically, the sharing economy entails multisided platforms that facilitate user access to – rather than ownership of – assets that are rivalrous in their use, and that are not owned by said platforms. Using this definition, we identify and show how the sharing economy creates and distributes economic value among participants and we summarize the six articles in the special issue. All in all, this introduction and the six studies clarify how the sharing economy and its three main constituencies – sharing platforms, asset providers, and users – reduce commercial friction by increasing trust, facilitating interaction, easing resource access and orchestration, and maximizing ecosystem‐wide value.
Biopsy‐proven liver cirrhosis in young children: A 10‐year cohort study
Authors: Dong Yi , Li Aiqin , Zhu Shishu , Chen Weibin , Li Meina , Zhao Pan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractYoung children with liver cirrhosis have a significantly high risk of mortality. However, there are few studies regarding early childhood‐onset cirrhosis. This study aims to explore the causes, clinical findings and prognosis of biopsy‐proven cirrhosis in infants, toddlers and preschoolers. We enroled young children with biopsy‐proven cirrhosis from January 2010. Till January 2020, the study has been going on for 10 years. A total of 139 cirrhotic children were enrolled, including 87 boys and 52 girls. The median age at initially histological diagnosis of cirrhosis was 2 years old (range: 1 month–6 years). Sixty‐two patients reported yellowish discoloration of sclera and/or skin as an initial symptom. Ninety‐three patients had definite aetiologies while 46 had indeterminate causes. Among the confirmed cases, 31 had hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, accounting for 33.3%. Subsequently, glycogen storage disease was diagnosed in 16 cases and Wilson disease in 14 cases. In these patients with HBV infection, nine finally achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss (29.0%) after effective antiviral therapy during the follow‐up. Logistic regression revealed that baseline alanine aminotransferase (odds ratio 1.008, p = 0.028) was the independent predictor of HBsAg loss. Furthermore, one patient who underwent second biopsies showed histological reverse. HBV infection is an important cause of paediatric cirrhosis in our study. The pathogenesis of HBV‐related cirrhosis in early childhood deserves further studies.
Oral and topical extra‐label administration of fipronil to laying hens: Assessment of the egg residue patterns
Authors: Canton Lucila , Canton Candela , Ceballos Laura , Domínguez Paula , Rodríguez José , Lanusse Carlos , Alvarez Luis , Moreno Laura 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis experimental work reproduces the fipronil extra‐label administration performed by producers in laying hens. The scientific goal was to characterize the residual concentrations in eggs from treated hens and suggest the withdrawal periods that should be respected to avoid risk for consumers. Thirty‐four laying hens were allocated into two groups: Group A was treated with fipronil in feed, two single doses of 1 mg kg−1 day−1; Group B was administered a single dose of 1 mg kg−1 by the topical route. Fipronil egg residues were quantified by HPLC‐MS/MS. Fipronil and its sulphone metabolite (fipronil‐SO2) were measured in egg after both treatments. The highest egg residual profile was always for fipronil‐SO2. Mean maximum egg concentrations (Cmax) of 228.5 ± 79.8 ng/g (fipronil) and 1,849 ± 867 ng/g (fipronil‐SO2) were found after fipronil administration in feed. The lowest residual levels were quantified after the topical treatment with Cmax of 27.1 ± 4.9 and 163 ± 26 ng/g for fipronil and fipronil‐SO2. Mean fipronil marker residues and established MRLs allowed calculating the withdrawal periods, the shortest being 74 days after topical administration. Such a long withdrawal period is difficult to meet in egg production systems. Thus, the extra‐label use of fipronil in laying hens should not be recommended under any circumstances.
Facilitation in plants shifts along a recovery gradient induced by long‐term overgrazing in a temperate steppe community
Authors: Wang Xinting , Jiang Chao , Chi Yanyan , Tai Yang , Liang Cunzhu , Yonghong Li Frank , Hou Yali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuestionsPlant facilitation often dominates over competition in stressful environments. However, to our knowledge few studies have examined plant facilitation within the context of herbivore pressure. Herbivory‐induced is a classic example of indirect facilitation. For example, in the temperate steppe region of Inner Mongolia, China, the intensive grazing by domestic animals has induced widespread grassland degradation. Here, we ask whether such long‐term overgrazing leads to facilitation in plants.LocationXilingol steppe region, Inner Mongolia, China.MethodsWe examined the spatial structure of three dominant plant species, including two species that are palatable to sheep (Leymus chinensisandAgropyron michnoi) and one that is unpalatable (Stipa grandis). We examined whether the spatial aggregation of these three species provided evidence for facilitation by comparing their spatial patterns along a recovery gradient: high grazing pressure (HG), an eight‐years grazing exclusion (early‐stage recovery from grazing; ER), and a 21‐years grazing exclusion (late‐stage recovery; LR). To accomplish this, we used the bivariate pair‐correlation function,g12(r), to assess the spatial association between unpalatable and palatable species. A positive spatial association indicates that facilitation dominates over competition (or dispersal limitation, habitat heterogeneity). We used a null model to assess the significance of spatial associations. Furthermore, we evaluated intraspecific spatial aggregation with theg11(r) by combining to three null models at fine spatial scales.ResultsThe spatial association between palatable and unpalatable species suggests a hump‐shaped relationship along the gradient of the grazing exclusion time. Specifically,Leymus chinensisandStipa grandisshowed a neutral, positive and negative association across the three stages of natural recovery from 21 years of grazing exclusion to current grazing. Similarly,Agropyron michnoiandStipa grandisshowed a negative, very positive and positive spatial association along the same gradient. Moreover, intraspecific spatial aggregation was higher in the current grazing treatment than in the grazing exclusion treatment. This was particularly true at the finest spatial scales (i.e., <0.2 m).ConclusionsOur results suggest that facilitation between and within species along the recovery gradient in steppe communities is related to herbivore pressure induced by long‐term overgrazing. First, we observed no evidence of indirect facilitation between species in current grazing treatment, while direct facilitation between plant species appears strongest at early stages of natural recovery along the gradient of the grazing exclusion time. Moreover, we observed indirect intraspecific facilitation dominated in the current grazing treatment, especially at small scales across the same gradient.
Amino acid abundances and compositions in iron and stony‐iron meteorites
Authors: Elsila Jamie E. , Johnson Natasha M. , Glavin Daniel P. , Aponte José C. , Dworkin Jason P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe organic compositions of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites have been extensively studied; however, there have been fewer reports of other meteorite classes, and almost none from iron meteorites, which contain much less carbon than carbonaceous chondrites but make up ~4% of observed meteorite falls. Here, we report the bulk amino acid content of three iron meteorites (Campo del Cielo, IAB; Canyon Diablo, IAB; and Cape York, IIIAB) and both the metal and silicate portions of a pallasite (Imilac). We developed a novel method to prepare the samples for analysis, followed by hot water extraction and analysis via liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Free amino acid abundances ranging from 301 to 1216 pmol g−1 were observed in the meteorites, with the highest abundance in the silicate portion of the pallasite. Although some of the amino acid content could be attributed to terrestrial contamination, evidence suggests that some compounds are indigenous. A suite of C5 amino acids was observed with a distinct distribution favoring a straight chain (n‐pentanoic acid) structure; this straight chain dominance is suggestive of that observed in thermally altered stony meteorites. Amino acids were also observed in terrestrial iron granules that were milled and analyzed in the same way as the meteorites, although the distribution of detected amino acids was different. It is possible that similar formation mechanisms existed in both the meteorites and the terrestrial iron, or that observed amino acids resulted from reactions of precursors during sample preparation. This work suggests that iron meteorites should not be overlooked for contributions of amino acids and likely other soluble organic molecules to the early Earth. Future studies of iron–nickel meteorites and asteroids, such as Psyche, may provide further insights into their potential organic inventory.
Long‐term passive acoustics to assess spatial and temporal vocalization patterns of Atlantic common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the May River estuary, South Carolina
Authors: Marian Alyssa D. , Monczak Agnieszka , Balmer Brian C. , Hart Leslie B. , Soueidan Jamileh , Montie Eric W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPassive acoustics has been used extensively to study bottlenose dolphins; yet very few studies have examined the spatial, temporal, and environmental influences on vocalization types (echolocation, burst pulse sounds, and whistles), and few are long‐term and provide high temporal resolution over multiple years. We used data from 2013 to 2018 to establish baseline acoustic patterns for bottlenose dolphins in the May River estuary, South Carolina. We deployed acoustic recorders at six stations during 2013–2014 and three stations during 2015–2018, with locations spanning the entire estuary (headwaters to the mouth). We discovered that acoustic detection of dolphins varied not only spatially, but also yearly, monthly, and tidally. Higher numbers of echolocation bouts, burst pulse sounds, and whistles were detected at the mouth as compared to the headwaters. At the mouth, vocalization detections were greatest in fall and winter for multiple years, and echolocation detection was greatest during falling and low tides. This study provides an example of another tool, long‐term passive acoustics monitoring, to better understand spatial and temporal distribution of dolphins in a typical salt marsh estuary, that can be applied to other ecosystems throughout the southeastern United States and globally.
Grit, Grind, and Praxis: The Memphis Model of Applying Anthropology
Authors: Feldman Lindsey Raisa , Brondo Keri Vacanti , Hyland Stanley , Maclin Edward 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we define “The Memphis Model,” or the type of praxis‐oriented, critically engaged anthropology developed and used by the Department of Anthropology at the University of Memphis. This model draws inspiration from the Grit and Grind ethos of the city of Memphis, along with its deep cultural and political traditions of grassroots activism for social justice. Here, we define how this is done in practice. The Department of Anthropology continually brings together current students, faculty, alumni, and community partners in coalition to develop approaches to address emerging social justice issues throughout the city, country, and world. This paper draws on one specific example, the Welcome Home Memphis Initiative, a long‐term partnership with community housing agencies, alumni, faculty, and students to counter exploitative housing practices, to explain the process of the Memphis Model.
“Applying” Education: A Focused Review of the 2019 American Anthropology Master's Career Survey Data
Authors: Cronin Shannon , Hawvermale Erica M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper reports the results of the National Association for the Practice of Anthropology‐sponsored 2019 American Anthropology Master's Career Survey. Aimed at replicating the 2009 American Anthropological Association/Committee on Practicing, Applied, and Public Interest Anthropology MA Career Survey, the purpose of this new survey was to understand 1) how master's degree anthropology alumni have crafted careers, 2) what retrospective advice they have for departmental programs, and 3) whether they continue to identify with the profession. A total of 850 participants completed the survey. Parallel to the 2009 survey, applied anthropologists indicated overall satisfaction with their master's degree programs and reflected high variability in types of employment respondents hold. However, the lack of practical skills development and career preparation within master's programs were critiqued. We conclude with recommendations for anthropology programs to help better inform them of what their students need to learn in order to lead successful careers after graduation.