bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition: Determining the predictors of reversion with multi‐state Markov models
Authors: Sanz‐Blasco Rubén , Ruiz‐Sánchez de León José M. , Ávila‐Villanueva Marina , Valentí‐Soler Meritxel , Gómez‐Ramírez Jaime , Fernández‐Blázquez Miguel A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe theoretical framework of the Alzheimer's disease continuum considers transition between stages in a unidirectional manner. Here we examine the rate of reversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to normal cognition (NC) and explore a set of potential variables associated with this phenomenon.MethodsA total of 985 Spanish community‐dwelling individuals aged 70 years and over at baseline were monitored for 5 years. During this time, 173 MCI and 36 dementia cases were identified. Multi‐state Markov models were performed to characterize transitions between states through the dementia continuum.ResultsThe rate of reversion from MCI to NC was 11%. There were significant non‐modifiable (age, socioeconomic status, or apolipoprotein E) and modifiable factors (cognitive training or absence of affective symptoms) associated with reversion.DiscussionOverall, our results highlight that the likelihood of progression from MCI to dementia is very similar to that of reversion from MCI to NC.
A DNA Molecular Robot that Autonomously Walks on the Cell Membrane to Drive Cell Motility
Authors: Li Hao , Gao Jing , Cao Lei , Xie Xuan , Fan Jiahui , Wang Hongda , Wang Hong‐Hui , Nie Zhou 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSynthetic molecular robots can execute sophisticated molecular tasks at nanometer resolution. However, a molecular robot capable of controlling cellular behavior remains unexplored. Herein, we report a self‐propelled DNA robot operating on the cell membrane to control the migration of a cell. Driven by DNAzyme catalytic activity, the DNA robot could autonomously and stepwise move on the membrane‐floating cell‐surface receptors in a stochastic manner and simultaneously trigger the receptor‐dimerization to activate downstream signaling for cell motility. The cell membrane‐associated continuous motion and operation of a DNA robot allowed for the ultrasensitive regulation of MET/AKT signaling and cytoskeleton remodeling to enhance cell migration. Finally, we designed distinct conditional DNA robots to orthogonally manipulate the cell migration in a coculture of mixed cell populations. We have developed a novel strategy to engineer a cell‐driving molecular robot, representing a promising avenue for precise cell manipulation with nanoscale resolution.
Engineering Fluorophore Recycling in a Fluorogenic RNA Aptamer
Authors: Li Xing , Wu Jiahui , Jaffrey Samie R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFluorogenic aptamers can potentially show minimal photobleaching during continuous irradiation since any photobleached fluorophore can exchange with fluorescent dyes in the media. However, fluorophores have not been designed to maximize “fluorophore recycling.” Here we describe TBI, a novel fluorophore for the Broccoli fluorogenic aptamer. Previous fluorophores either fail to rapidly dissociate when they undergo photobleaching via cis–trans isomerization, or bind slowly, resulting in extended periods after dissociation of the photobleached fluorophore when no fluorophore is bound. By contrast, photobleached TBI dissociates rapidly from Broccoli, and TBI from the media rapidly replaces dissociated photobleached fluorophore. Using TBI, Broccoli exhibits markedly enhanced fluorescence in cells during continuous imaging. These data show that designing fluorophores to optimize fluorophore recycling can lead to enhanced fluorescence of fluorogenic aptamers.
Chiral TADF‐Active Polymers for High‐Efficiency Circularly Polarized Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Yin‐Feng , Li Meng , Teng Jin‐Ming , Zhou He‐Ye , Zhao Wen‐Long , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA strategy of chiral donor–acceptor copolymerization is proposed to develop chiral nonconjugated polymers with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Based on this strategy, two pairs of chiral polymers (R,R)‐/(S,S)‐pTpAcDPS and (R,R)‐/(S,S)‐pTpAcBP were synthesized. The alternating copolymerization of the chiral donors and acceptors could effectively separate the frontier molecular orbitals, which made the polymers show small ΔEST of 0.01–0.03 eV and efficient TADF properties. Moreover, the polymers also showed the quantum yield of up to 92 % and the circularly polarized luminescence. The solution‐processed circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes showed circularly polarized electroluminescence signals with high external quantum efficiencies of up to 22.1 % and maximum luminance of up to 34350 cd m−2. This is the first report of CP‐OLEDs based on chiral TADF polymer, which provides a useful and valuable guidance for the development of high‐efficiency CPEL polymers.
Light‐Modulated Cationic and Anionic Transport across Protein Biopolymers**
Authors: Burnstine‐Townley Alex , Mondal Somen , Agam Yuval , Nandi Ramesh , Amdursky Nadav 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLight is a convenient source of energy and the heart of light‐harvesting natural systems and devices. Here, we show light‐modulation of both the chemical nature and ionic charge carrier concentration within a protein‐based biopolymer that was covalently functionalized with photoacids or photobases. We explore the capability of the biopolymer‐tethered photoacids and photobases to undergo excited‐state proton transfer and capture, respectively. Electrical measurements show that both the photoacid‐ and photobase‐functionalized biopolymers exhibit an impressive light‐modulated increase in ionic conductivity. Whereas cationic protons are the charge carriers for the photoacid‐functionalized biopolymer, water‐derived anionic hydroxides are the suggested charge carriers for the photobase‐functionalized biopolymer. Our work introduces a versatile toolbox to photomodulate both protons and hydroxides as charge carriers in polymers, which can be of interest for a variety of applications.
Numerical assessment on liquid mixing in a T‐mixer containing tri‐fin
Authors: Tan Sak Jie , Yu Kok Hwa , Ismail Mohd Azmi , Teoh Yew Heng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLiquid mixing in channel with laminar uniaxial flow is inefficient, and the mixing channel length required for diffusive mixing is immensely large. In the attempt to enhance liquid mixing, this study presents computational evaluation of mixing performance of tri‐fin configuration in a T‐mixer. Two parameters, that is, transverse spacing (ST) and width (Lw) of the upstream fin, are studied to evaluate the geometrical scaling effect of the tri‐fin configuration. It is shown that tri‐fin unit withST/H =  0.2 andLw/H =  0.2 yields superior overall mixing performance, amongst the geometrical parameters investigated. For flow at low Reynolds number (Re ≤ 1), 20 periodic units of tri‐fin are sufficient to achieve maximum enhancement with 29% reduction of mixing efficiency lengthLM = 99%. It is also shown that there exists a progressive mixing enhancement with increasing number of tri‐fin periodic units employed. Taking into consideration of the pumping power limitation, it would be ideal to employ tri‐fin feature to improve liquid mixing for fluids with high Schmidt number, flowing at low Reynolds number.
Local child protection in the Philippines: A case study of actors, processes and key risks for children
Authors: Roche Steven , Flynn Catherine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article explores the child protection actors, processes and child maltreatment issues in a regional Local Government Unit in the Philippines. Utilising a qualitative case study design, it engages with 14 young people with histories of child maltreatment and 13 key child protection actors, exploring their views and experiences of child protection actions, processes and outcomes. The findings highlight informal community‐based actors, including neighbours, family, friends and non‐government organisations in initial responses to child maltreatment, compared to formal child protection actors, who respond to severe maltreatment utilising a legal framework. Actors are constrained by limited government capacity and community reach, revealing misalignment between formal child protection activities and breadth of risks for children. Non‐government organisations assist child protection efforts through the provision of residential care. Policy recommendations include strengthening relationships between formal actors and communities, expanding early intervention activities, and developing the capacity of community‐based child protection actors.
Abundance estimates of three cetacean species in the coastal waters of Matang, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Kuit Sui Hyang , Ponnampalam Louisa Shobhini , Hammond Philip S. , Chong Ving Ching , Then Amy Yee‐Hui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The paucity of baseline data on coastal cetaceans due to a lack of research in developing countries frequently precludes assessment of their status and informed management actions for conservation.
This study provides the first abundance estimates of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins, Irrawaddy dolphins, and Indo‐Pacific finless porpoises in the coastal waters of Matang, Peninsular Malaysia.
Boat‐based surveys covering 1,152 km2 of coastal waters with 4,108 km of survey effort were conducted between 2013 and 2016 to collect data for line transect analysis of Irrawaddy dolphins and finless porpoises. Photo‐identification data of humpback dolphins were concurrently collected for mark–recapture analysis.
Estimates of abundance from four sampling strata totalled 763 Irrawaddy dolphins (CV = 13%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [588, 990]) and 600 Indo‐Pacific finless porpoises (CV = 27%, 95% CI [354, 1,016]).
The annual abundance estimates of humpback dolphins ranged between 171 (95% CI [148, 208]) in 2014–2015 and 81 (95% CI [67, 98]) in 2015–2016, likely due to the presence of offshore individuals that moved in and out of the study area. The estuarine strata were inhabited by 68 (95% CI [63, 73]) inshore humpback dolphins in 2013–2014 to 87 (95% CI [78, 97]) dolphins in 2014–2015.
As an International Union for Conservation of Nature important marine mammal area, the productive coastal waters of Matang are shown to support a high density of small coastal cetaceans, and the results serve as an important baseline for future studies to identify population trends for conservation management plans.
Consumption of gossypol increases fatty acid‐amino acid conjugates in the cotton pests Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis virescens
Authors: Krempl Corinna , Joußen Nicole , Reichelt Michael , Kai Marco , Vogel Heiko , Heckel David G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGossypol is a toxic sesquiterpene dimer produced by cotton plants which deters herbivory by insects and vertebrates. Two highly reactive aldehyde groups contribute to gossypol toxicity by cross‐linking herbivore proteins. We identified another consequence of consuming gossypol in two insect pests of cotton: increased amounts of fatty acid‐amino acid conjugates (FACs). Eight different FACs in the feces of larval Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis virescens increased when larvae consumed artificial diet containing gossypol, but not a gossypol derivative lacking free aldehyde groups (SB‐gossypol). FACs are produced by joining plant‐derived fatty acids with amino acids of insect origin in the larval midgut tissue by an unknown conjugase, and translocated into the gut lumen by an unknown transporter. FACs are hydrolyzed back into fatty acids and amino acids by an aminoacylase (L‐ACY‐1) in the gut lumen. The equilibrium level of FACs in the lumen is determined by a balance between conjugation and hydrolysis, which may differ among species. When heterologously expressed, L‐ACY‐1 of H. armigera but not H. virescens was inhibited by gossypol; consistent with the excretion of more FACs in the feces by H. armigera. FACs are known to benefit the plant host by inducing anti‐herbivore defensive responses, and have been hypothesized to benefit the herbivore by acting as a surfactant and increasing nitrogen uptake efficiency. Thus in addition to its direct toxic effects, gossypol may negatively impact insect nitrogen uptake efficiency and amplify the signal used by the plant to elicit release of volatile compounds that attract parasitoids.
Recent Projects Advance Biofiltration Research and Guidance
Authors: Jang H. Grace , Brown Jess , Hooper Jennifer , Lauderdale Chance 
Published: September 2021

Key TakeawaysThe Water Research Foundation (WRF) Research Priority Program identifies industry challenges and helps address them through targeted, multiyear research projects.WRF's biofiltration research area was designed to provide drinking water utilities with tools to improve biofiltration's effectiveness and maximize its reliability.Research area objectives were to provide guidance documents for implementing, enhancing, monitoring, and optimizing biofiltration, and to communicate biofiltration's attributes.
Graham‐Little Piccardi Lassueur syndrome and review of the literature
Authors: Alkhayal Fares A. , Alsudairy Fahad , al Mubarak luluah , Almohanna Hind M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGraham‐Little Piccardi Lassueur Syndrome (GLPLS) is a rare variant of lichen planopilaris (LPP) which characterized by triad of fibrosing alopecia of the scalp, non‐fibrosing alopecia of the axilla and groin, and a follicular spinous papule over the body. LPP is a rare follicular subtype of lichen planus which causes scarring alopecia of scalp, and there are three clinical subtypes of LPP including classic lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and GLPLS. Herein, we describe an adult dark‐skinned Saudi male with GLPLS who has numerous body follicular papules, complete loss of axillary hair, and partial loss of groin hair in addition to patchy fibrosing alopecia of the scalp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of GLPLS in Saudi Arabia.
The first case report of Haim Munk disease with neurological manifestations and literature review
Authors: Moghaddasi Mehdi , Ghassemi Mohammadreza , Shekari Yazdi Mohammad , Habibi Seyed Amir Hasan , Mohebi Nafiseh , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHMS can have neurologic MS like manifestations. It is urgent to do more research and report probable unknown associations of HMS for its better management.
Research of 6‐DOF pose estimation in stacked scenes
Authors: Teng Qi , Yi Jianjun , Li Huazhong 
Published: September 2021

SummaryRecently, robot vision recognition has been widely used in modern logistics system. In the face of complex and changeable environment and objects, industrial robots need to identify and operate the target objects accurately. Therefore, this article proposes a method based on Mask R‐CNN and RGB‐D to estimate the 6‐DOF of the target object. We find the 6‐DOF of the object is identified and located accurately.
Chiral Eutectic Mixtures and Deep Eutectic Solvents for Induced Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Nelson Brian , VandenElzen Liam , Whitacre Grace , Hopkins Todd A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DES) or eutectic mixtures prepared with a chiral component can lead to new chiral solvents with applications that include asymmetric synthesis and chiral light emitting materials. DES have low melting points, because of strong interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, between components of the mixture. Mixtures are prepared with ammonium salts, tetrabutylammonium chloride ([TBA]Cl) and choline chloride ([Ch]Cl), as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and L‐lactic acid, L‐leucic acid, L‐ascorbic acid, R/S‐acetoxypropionic acid, and methyl‐(S)‐lactate as chiral hydrogen bond donors (HBD). Eight combinations of the HBAs and HBDs were prepared, and a racemic mixture of dissymmetric chiral europium complexes was dissolved in the mixtures. The circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra were measured to determine the chiral discrimination by these chiral solvents. The CPL spectra show that the handedness of the chiral HBD is important to the chiral discrimination exhibited. However, the inversion of the sign of the CPL spectra in 1 : 3 [TBA]Cl:L‐lactic acid vs. 1 : 3 [Ch]Cl:L‐lactic acid, and 1 : 1.5 [Ch]Cl:L‐leucic acid vs. 1 : 1 [TBA]Cl:L‐leucic acid shows that the achiral HBA also plays a critical role in the handedness of the chiral discrimination by the chiral solvent.
A distributed swarm intelligence‐based energy‐saving method among massive edge nodes
Authors: Qi Jianpeng , Ren Suli , Wang Boran , Wang Rui 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn edge computing, how to save energy among sustainable edge nodes is a hot topic. ON/OFF switching of edge nodes as a key point is efficient but still suffers from the long round‐trip time problem because of its centralized control manner. Especially in the wireless network, service coverage is proved to be NP‐Complete. To this end, we propose a Distributed Swarm intelligence‐based Energy‐saving algorithm (DSE). In DSE, pheromone and residual energy are used to calculate the wake‐up probability. Through the wake‐up probability, the edge node can be activated periodically and efficiently. In order to balance the energy in the whole system that contains massive edge nodes, we further use a correction factor, that is, DSE+, to adjust the wake‐up probability of the nodes. The proposed methods allow for distributed implementation without requiring a centralized control by the coordinator, and the pheromone accumulated temporally and spatially. In addition, they do not require node localization. Experiments show that both DSE and DSE+ can work as expected, and DSE+ with the correction factor improves the lifetime of the whole system at least 12.6% compared with the DSE without the correction factor.
Transferability of correlative and process‐based species distribution models revisited: A response to Booth
Authors: Higgins Steven I. , Larcombe Matthew J. , Beeton Nicholas J. , Conradi Timo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere, we respond to Booth's criticism of our paper, “Predictive ability of a process‐based versus a correlative species distribution model.” Booth argues that our usage of the MaxEnt model was flawed and that the conclusions of our paper are by implication flawed. We respond by clarifying that the error Booth implies we made was not made in our analysis, and we repeat statements from the original manuscript which anticipated such criticisms. In addition, we illustrate that using BIOCLIM variables in a MaxEnt analysis as recommended by Booth does not change the conclusions of the original analysis. That is, high performance in the training data domain did not equate to reliable predictions in novel data domains, and the process model transferred into novel data domains better than the correlative model did. We conclude by discussing a hidden implication of our study, namely, that process‐based SDMs negate the need for BIOCLIM‐type variables and therefore reframe the variable selection problem in species distribution modeling.
Potential for cost savings with pharmacy intern‐led inpatient clinical services
Authors: Keil Elizabeth C. , Kovacich Nikolas , Siegler Abbey , Dawson Jordan , Gilliam Eric H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionPaid clinical pharmacy internships serve important roles for pharmacy students, health systems, and pharmacy departments. The Denver Health Medical Center Pharmacy Internship program incorporates progressive clinical responsibilities for advancing pharmacy students. Cost savings associated with clinical pharmacy interns have not been well studied.ObjectivesThis study describes the potential cost savings of intern‐led clinical services and provides a rationale for medical centers to expand clinical roles for pharmacy interns.MethodsThis single center retrospective review of pharmacy intern clinical activities evaluated pharmacy intern‐initiated interventions between January 1, 2017 and February 28, 2018. After completing 2 years of pharmacy operations focused training, third year pharmacy interns were trained to provide numerous clinical interventions under the supervision of staff pharmacists. Interventions and their associated cost savings were documented using standardized templates and predetermined default settings available in the electronic medical record after standard procedures used by clinical staff pharmacists. Labor costs were determined form payroll records for paid interns during the study period. Net cost‐benefits were determined by subtracting aggregated cost savings of clinical interventions from labor costs for employed interns during the same time period.ResultsFive interns documented 336 interventions totaling $94 681 (mean $281.79) in associated cost savings. Sixty‐six percent of interventions were identified as high clinical significance by the department. The labor costs for the five interns totaled $7332.40 equating to an hourly cost savings of $193.00 for each hour of paid intern time. The average time to complete an intervention was 20 minutes. The most frequently documented interventions were providing anticoagulation therapeutic drug monitoring (67.3%) and antimicrobial stewardship interventions (21.4%).ConclusionsDuring the study period, clinical interns generated a greater cost savings for the institution than the labor cost associated with their paid time. This study supports the expanded role of pharmacy interns to include clinical activities.
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with severe/critical illness in the first wave versus the second wave
Authors: Sargin Altunok Elif , Satici Celal , Dinc Veysel , Kamat Sadettin , Alkan Mustafa , Demirkol Mustafa Asim , Toprak Ilkim Deniz , Kostek Muhammed Emin , Yazla Semih , Esatoglu Sinem Nihal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to current advances and growing experience in the management of coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the outcome of COVID‐19 patients with severe/critical illness would be expected to be better in the second wave compared with the first wave. As our hospitalization criteria changed in the second wave, we aimed to investigate whether a favorable outcome occurred in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with only severe/critical illness. Among 642 laboratory‐confirmed hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in the first wave and 1121 in the second wave, those who met World Health Organization (WHO) definitions for severe or critical illness on admission or during follow‐up were surveyed. Data on demographics, comorbidities, C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels on admission, and outcomes were obtained from an electronic hospital database. Univariate analysis was performed to compare the characteristics of patients in the first and second waves. There were 228 (35.5%) patients with severe/critical illness in the first wave and 681 (60.7%) in the second wave. Both groups were similar in terms of age, gender, and comorbidities, other than chronic kidney disease. Median serum CRP levels were significantly higher in patients in the second wave compared with those in the first wave [109 mg/L (interquartile range [IQR]: 65–157) vs. 87 mg/L (IQR: 39–140); p < 0.001]. However, intensive care unit admission and mortality rates were similar among the waves. Even though a lower mortality rate in the second wave has been reported in previous studies, including all hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, we found similar demographics and outcomes among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with severe/critical illness in the first and second wave.