bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral blood flow and cognitive outcome after pediatric stroke in the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Steiner Leonie , Federspiel Andrea , Jaros Jasmine , Slavova Nedelina , Wiest Roland , Steinlin Maja , Grunt Sebastian , Everts Regula 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Adaptive recovery of cerebral perfusion after pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is sought to be crucial for sustainable rehabilitation of cognitive functions. We therefore examined cerebral blood flow in the chronic stage after stroke and its association with cognitive outcome in patients after pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). This cross-sectional study investigated cerebral blood flow and cognitive functions in 14 patients (age 13.5 ± 4.4 years) after pediatric AIS in the middle cerebral artery (time since AIS was at least 2 years prior to assessment) when compared with 36 healthy controls (aged 13.8 ± 4.3 years). Cognitive functions were assessed using neuropsychological tests and cerebral blood flow was measured with arterial spin labeled imaging in the area of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral artery (ACA, MCA, PCA). Patients had significantly lower IQ scores and poorer cognitive functions compared to healthy controls. Arterial spin labeled imaging revealed significantly lower cerebral blood flow in the ipsilesional MCA and PCA in patients compared to healthy controls. Further, we found significantly higher interhemispheric perfusion imbalance in the MCA in patients compared to controls. Higher interhemispheric perfusion imbalance in the MCA was significantly associated with lower working memory performance. Our findings revealed that even years after pediatric stroke in the MCA, reduced ipsilesional cerebral blood flow occurs in the MCA and PCA and interhemispheric imbalance is associated with cognitive performance. Thus, our data suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion might underlie some of the variability observed in long-term outcome after pediatric stroke.
A Cohort Study to Investigate Sex-specific Differences in ANCA-associated Glomerulonephritis Outcomes
Authors: Scott Jennifer , Canepa Carolina , Buettner Antonia , Ryan Louise , Moloney Brona , Cormican Sarah , Walsh Cathal , White Arthur , Salama Alan D , Little Mark A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
IntroductionData surrounding sex-specific differences in ANCA-associated vasculitis glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) outcomes is sparse. We hypothesised that the previously observed increased risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in males is driven by sex-specific variation in immunosuppression dosing.MethodsPatients were recruited to the Irish Rare Kidney Disease Registry or followed by the Royal Free Hospital vasculitis team (2012-2020). Inclusion criteria: prior diagnosis of ANCA-GN (biopsy proven pauci-immune glomerulonephritis) and positive serology for anti-MPO or –PR3 antibodies. Renal and patient survival, stratified by sex and Berden histological class, was analysed. The cumulative- and starting dose/kilogram of induction agents and prednisolone, respectively, was compared between sexes. Results332 patients were included. Median follow-up was time 40.2 months (IQR 17.3–69.2). 73 (22%) reached ESKD and 47 (14.2%) died. Overall 1- and 5-year renal survival was 82.2% and 76.7% in males and 87.1% and 82.0% in females, respectively (p 0.13). The hazard ratio for ESKD in males versus females, after adjustment for age, ANCA serology, baseline creatinine and histological class was 1.07 (95% CI 0.59–1.93). There was no difference between sexes in the dose/kilogram of any induction agent.ConclusionWe did not observe a strong impact of sex on renal outcome in ANCA-GN. Treatment intensity does not vary by sex.
The Association between ANXA2 mutations and Clinical Pathological Features in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Jiayou , Xie Shaoli , Mo Linglong , Pu Lulan , Xu Mingfei , Yi Qian , Li Jingjia , Yang Yi , Rong Xinxin , Li Jinsui , Zhou Fangfang , Zhang Xiaoming , Zeng Mei , Hou Lingmi , Deng Shishan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Genetic mutations have been reported in many tumors. In this study, we aimed to examine whether ANXA2 mutations occur in breast cancer and to investigate their association with clinicopathological characteristics in patients.
Materials and Methods

We collected breast cancer and adjacent normal tissue samples from 112 patients, extracted total RNA, and performed PCR-SSCP and bidirectional Sanger sequencing. ANXA2 mutations were identified by NCBI BLAST (blastn and blastx), and their correlation with clinical data were analyzed.
Results

ANXA2 mutations were detected in breast cancer tissues (missense mutations 38.39%) at a higher incidence than in adjacent normal tissues (missense mutations 8.04%) and mainly located in domain and repeats 1. Moreover, mutations in breast cancer tissues were associated with clinical stages, molecular subtype, ER, PR, and lymph-node metastasis of patients. Within a mean follow-up time of 52.5 months, the 5-year OS of patients with missense mutations was lower than those without. Among those mutations, c.(350AG > GA), c.(375G > A), c.(487T > A) and c.(693G > A) were associated with younger patients. c.(350AG > GA) was related to higher clinical stage and lymph-node metastasis. c.(375G > A) was linked to HER2(-) cases, while c.(693G > A) tended to be TNBC cases.
Conclusion

ANXA2 missense mutations mainly occurred on domain and repeats 1 in breast cancer, which may be associated with pathogenesis, clinical stage, molecular subtyping, lymph node metastasis and 5-year OS of breast cancer. These mutations may contribute to the early screening, diagnosis, and targeted treatment of breast cancer.
From Extremely Acidic to Alkaline – Diversity of Aquatic Invertebrates in Forest Mining Lakes Under the Pressure of Acidification
Authors: Spyra Aneta , Cieplok Anna , Taszakowska Natalia Kaszyca- 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Human activities, including mining industry, have considerably degraded the water habitats worldwide. Acidification has severely affected aquatic environments with acidifying pollutants and constitute threat to freshwater biodiversity. The study area is unique for addressing the effects of mining-related acidification on biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems along a pH gradient (2.4-9.6). Using multivariate ordination techniques, we analysed taxa distribution to determine how variations in invertebrate composition correlated with environmental factors. The results revealed differences in pH of water, salinity indicators, hardness, and content of calcium, nitrites, and iron. The highest iron content, relatively high values of conductivity and chlorides was found in the extremely acidic mining lakes. A clear decreasing tendency was observed for the number of taxa with increasing acidity (Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, Glossiphonidae). The density of Hirudinidae, Lestidae, Libellulidae, Caenidae, Sialidae, Dytiscidae, Helodidae, Hydrophilidae and Polycentropodidae increased along with decreasing pH. Specific communities were found with increasing acidity, therefore a progressive increase in acidity will probably have further influence on biological life and water chemistry. The data yielded offer an opportunity to fill knowledge gaps concerning less-studied aquatic environments and links environmental pollution with communities, which is especially important because forest habitats are especially exposed to different climatic factors and threats.
The Special theory of relativity in different media (Ⅱ)
Authors: Dong Na , Jun Dong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the problems and contradictions that occur when the traditional special theory of relativity which uses the speed of light in a vacuum as an invariant constant, studies the propagation of light in media. These problems are re-examined and discussed with the special theory of relativity of variable speed of light. The transformation relationship of the characteristic quantities describing light wave frequency ν, phase velocity w and the direction angle α of the wave normal between the two inertial coordinate systems in vacuum S and in medium S' were derived; combining the transformation of the light ray speed u which describes light granular motion, the de Broglie wave-particle velocity relationship in the vacuum u w = c2 is νextended to the medium to become u' w' = c'2. Corrected the approach of the traditional special theory of relativity when dealing with these problems, in which the transformation from the space-time coordinates to the relevant physical quantity is limited to the half-sided transformation of the media into the vacuum (not two sided transformation), so that the resulting contradictions and problems are all solved. Optical experiments that support the traditional special theory of relativity, such as the Fizeau experiment and the Michelson-Morley experiment, not only still support and agree with the generalized special theory of relativity with variable speed of light, but also obtain a more correct and satisfactory interpretation from it.
FOXD1 Promotes EMT and Cell Stemness of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Transcriptional Activation of SNAI2
Authors: Chen Yang , Liang Weilian , Liu Ke , Shang Zhengjun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell stemness are implicated in the initiation and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Revealing the intrinsic regulatory mechanism may provide effective therapeutic targets for HNSCC.ResultsIn this study, we found Forkhead box D1 (FOXD1) was upregulated in HNSCC when compared with normal samples. Patients with higher FOXD1 expression had poorer overall survival and disease-free survival. Immunohistochemistry results showed that FOXD1 expression was related to the clinical stage and relapse status of HNSCC patients. When knockdown the expression of FOXD1 in CAL27 and SCC25 cells, the migration, invasion, colony formation, sphere formation, and proliferation abilities decreased. Moreover, the EMT and stemness-related markers changed remarkably, which indicated the EMT process and cell stemness were inhibited. Conversely, overexpression of FOXD1 promoted EMT and cell stemness. Further study demonstrated that FOXD1 could bind to the promoter region and activate the transcription of SNAI2. The elevated SNAI2, in turn, affected the EMT and cell stemness. The in vivo study showed FOXD1 overexpressed CAL27 cells possessed stronger tumorigenic ability.ConclusionsOur findings revealed a novel mechanism in regulating EMT and cell stemness, and proposed FOXD1 as a potential marker for diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC.
Exploring the effectiveness of dextroamphetamine for the treatment of stimulant use disorder: a qualitative study with injectable opioid agonist treatment patients
Authors: Palis Heather , Marchand Kirsten , Peachey Gerald Spike , Westfall Jordan , Lock Kurt , MacDonald Scott , Jun Jennifer , Bojanczyk-Shibata Anna , Harrison Scott , Marsh David C , Schecther Martin T , Oviedo-Joekes Eugenia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: A high proportion of people receiving both oral and injectable opioid agonist treatment report concurrent use of stimulants (i.e. cocaine and or amphetamines), which has been associated with higher rates of continued illicit opioid use and treatment dropout. A recent randomized controlled trial demonstrated the effectiveness of dextroamphetamine (a prescribed stimulant) at reducing craving for and use of cocaine among patients receiving injectable opioid agonist treatment. Following this evidence, dextroamphetamine has been prescribed to patients with stimulant use disorder at a clinic in Vancouver. This study investigates perceptions of the effectiveness of dextroamphetamine from the perspective of these patients.Methods: Data were collected using small focus groups and one-on-one interviews with patients who were currently or formerly receiving dextroamphetamine (n=20). Thematic analysis was conducted using an iterative approach, moving between data collection and analysis to search for patterns in the data across transcripts. This process led to the defining and naming of three central themes responding to the research question. Results: Participants reported a range of stimulant use types, including cocaine (n=8), methamphetamine (n=8), or both (n=4). Three central themes were identified as relating to participants’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the medication: 1) achieving a substitution effect (i.e. extent to which dextroamphetamine provided a substitution for the effect they received from use of illicit stimulants); 2) Reaching a preferred dose (i.e. speed of titration and effect of the dose received); and 3) Ease of medication access (i.e. preference for take home doses (i.e. carries) vs. medication integrated into care at the clinic).Conclusion: In the context of continued investigation of pharmacological treatments for stimulant use disorder, the present study has highlighted how the study of clinical outcomes could be extended to account for factors that contribute to perceptions of effectiveness from the perspective of patients. In practice, elements of treatment delivery (e.g. dosing and dispensation protocols) can be adjusted to allow for various scenarios (e.g. on site vs. take home dosing) by which dextroamphetamine and other pharmacological stimulants could be implemented to provide “effective” treatment for people with a wide range of treatment goals and needs.
Subset-binding: A novel algorithm to detect paired itemsets from heterogeneous data including biological datasets
Authors: Natsume-Kitatani Yayoi , Mizuguchi Kenji , Ueda Naonori 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The integration of heterogeneous data to infer latent relationships across them and find the factors in the relationship is a challenging task. In this regard, various machine learning techniques have provided novel insights through data integration. However, concerns remain regarding their application to biological datasets because the latent consensus information across all views is often limited to partial components that do not have a significant impact on the mutual agreement across views. Advocating the idea of “subset-binding,” which focuses on finding inter-related attributes in heterogeneous data according to their co-occurrence, this study developed a novel algorithm to perform subset-binding by extending fuzzy association rule mining techniques. Our method could detect genes related to liver toxicity caused by acetaminophen in a data-driven manner; the results are consistent with those reported in the literature. This technology paves the way for a wide range of applications, including biomarker detection and patient stratification.
First report of natural infestation of Ovomermis sinensis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing fall armyworm Spodoptera sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Kasi Indra , Waiba Kanchhi Maya , Singh Mohinder 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda invaded in India at the end of 2018 and has caused severe damage to maize including other crops. Several S. frugiperda naturally parasitized by nematodes were observed in Nauni, Himachal Pradesh, India. The morphological features based on the results of scanning electron microscopy indicated that the nematode belongs to the family Mermithidae. Furthermore, characters discovered that the nematode belongs to Ovomermis sinensis, a known entomoparasitic nematode. Our finding was the first record that S. frugiperda, was naturally parasitized by O. sinensis. The results of this study are of great importance for potential biological control of S. frugiperda by indigenous natural beneficial organisms, i.e., O. sinensis within an integrated pest management system.
Predicting the Performance of Passive Solar Distillation Using Generalized Regression Neural Network
Authors: Sankaran Siva 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, the performance appraisal of the passive double slope solar distillation (PDSSD) was predicted using the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) model. The performance estimation of passive solar distillation is a complicated one because of unsteady and uncertain atmospheric conditions. For this purpose, a set of experiments has conducted for seven successive days, and results were compared with the GRNN model. The proposed GRNN consists of five inputs (solar irradiance, ambient temperature, basin temperature, surface water temperature, glass cover temperature) and two outputs (distillate yield and efficiency). Such network architecture was trained and validated with a set of experimental data values. The predicted results of the GRNN model follow a good trend with experimental data. The overall accuracy of the predicted GRNN is 99.58%.
The characterization of turbulent heat and moisture transport during a gust-front event over the Indian peninsula
Authors: Chowdhuri Subharthi , Todekar Kiran , Prabha Thara V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The ramifications of gust-front on atmospheric surface layer (ASL) turbulence is a vexing issue, with nearly no information available over the Indian region where such events are not uncommon. Over the Indian peninsula, Chowdhuri et al. (Environ. Fluid Mech. 21(1):263–281, 2021) have shown that, the cold pool associated with the gust-front creates two distinct regimes in ASL turbulence, where the temperature fluctuations display contrasting behavior. To evaluate the corresponding impacts on the moisture fluctuations and turbulent heat and moisture transport, we extend our analysis by using the same field-experimental dataset of Chowdhuri et al. (2021). We discover that, the topology of the turbulent structures which govern the temperature and moisture fluctuations clearly exhibit a regime-wise distinction. In the first regime, the structures in temperature and moisture fluctuations are significantly inclined in the vertical, while demonstrating a self-similarity in their time scales by being related through a power-law distribution. However, in the second regime, the vertical inclination disappears for the temperature structures with hardly any change observed for the moisture. Moreover, the power-law exponents of the turbulent temperature time scales remain sensitive to the regimes, although no such effect is visible in the power-law character of the moisture time scales. Additionally, the dissimilarity in the heat and moisture transport is investigated through a novel polar-quadrant based approach that separates the phases and amplitudes of the flux-transporting motions.
Thrombocytopenia with acute ischemic stroke and bleeding in a patient newly vaccinated with an adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Blauenfeldt Rolf Ankerlund , Kristensen Søren Risom , Ernstsen Siw Leiknes , Kristensen Claudia Christina Hilt , Simonsen Claus Ziegler , Hvas Anne-Mette 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We describe the first Danish case of presumed inflammatory and thrombotic response to vaccination with an adenoviral (ChAdOx1) vector based COVID-19 vaccine (AZD1222). The case describes a 60-year old woman, who was admitted with intractable abdominal pain seven days after receiving the vaccine. Computer Tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed bilateral adrenal hemorrhages. On the following day she developed a massive right sided ischemic stroke and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) angiography showed occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. The ischemic area was deemed too large to offer reperfusion therapy. During admission, blood tests showed a remarkable drop in platelet counts from 118,000 to 5,000 per µL and a substantial increase in D-dimer. The patient died on the 6th day of hospitalization. Blood test revealed platelet factor 4 (PF-4) reactive antibodies, imitating what is seen in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. This may be a novel immune mediated response to the vaccine.
Investigation of Adjustment Problems in Children Receiving Orthodontic Treatment and the Resilience Factor
Authors: SEÇER İsmail , DURNA Nurhan B. , DURNA Doğan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: In this study, various psychological characteristics affecting psychological maladjustment in children receiving orthodontic treatment were examined. Aim: In this context, the predictive and mediating relationships between emotional reactivity, intolerance of uncertainty, psychological resilience and psychological maladjustment were discussed. Design: The study was conducted with 543 children and adolescents getting orthodontic treatment. Systematic and convenient sampling methods were followed in the selection of the sample. Standardized measurement tools (The Emotional Reactivity Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) and online data collection processes were used in the data collection process. Results and Conclusions: Findings have shown that emotional reactivity and intolerance of uncertainty pose a risk for psychological maladjustment in children and adolescents receiving orthodontic treatment, but psychological resilience has a protective function against this risk. It is considered that these findings may contribute to the expansion of pediatric dentists' perspectives on the secondary outcomes of orthodontic treatment practices.
Factors influencing non-academic achievements of the Bangladeshi students- An online questionnaire based study
Authors: Rabiul Md. , Rahman Md. Hasibur , Toma Maksuda Aktar , Das Pranta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction

Non-academic achievements are equally prioritized along with academic achievements throughout the world and similarly in Bangladesh. But there are no literature addressing which factors are influencing student’s non-academic achievements. As a result, this study was conducted in order to find which factors are influencing student’s academic achievements.
Methods

The data for the study was collected through an online google form. The link of the google form was shared through different social networking sites and the responses were completely voluntary. The non-academic achievement score was the response variable of the study which was calculated from the different criterion of the non-academic achievements. Residence, parent’s socio-economic status and encourages or not were inspected as the potential factors influencing non-academic achievements. Regression model was built between response and explanatory variables using backward elimination technique to select which factors are influencing non-academic achievements.
Results

Among the potential factors final model suggests that only father’s education level, parent’s total monthly income and whether parent’s encourage to extra-curricular activities or not were found as responsible factors influencing student’s non-academic achievements.
Conclusion

As the factors- father’s educational status, parent’s monthly total income- are beyond the control so what all the parents can do is to encourage their children to do extra-curricular activities as this may lead to more non-academic achievements in the life of their children. Initiative should be taken to build awareness among the parents so that they can understand the importance of non-academic achievements as well as encouraging their children to do extra-curricular activities.