bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation in pandemics: a netnographic approach to the sharing economy contributions
Authors: Belezas Fernando , Daniel Ana 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Pandemics are a serious challenge for humanity, as their social and economic impacts can be tremendous. This study aims to understand how innovation based in the sharing economy (SE) business models can contribute to overcoming the challenges arising from the Covid-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a netnographic approach, the authors studied the computer-mediated social interactions of internet-based virtual innovation communities.

Findings
This study found that the SE business models contribute to overcome the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic by redistributing idle resources to lessen the impacts of confinement. This was achieved through process innovations and an innovative use of the network, which enabled fast-open and decentralized innovation processes, and quick implementation of innovations. This innovation process is based on a decentralized decision-making approach, clear rules, informal relationship among community members and open communication channels, as well as in evasive strategies to avoid facing challenges, institutional restrictions and barriers in the adoption of innovations.

Research limitations/implications
This study was limited to a virtual innovation community of highly specialized and educated experts and nine community projects focused on institutional contexts of a developed country. Future research should focus on the institutional contexts of less specialized communities and developing countries and study other community innovation projects in pandemics to understand the processes of fast-open, decentralized and evasive innovation and the importance of relational capabilities for innovation in digital contexts.

Practical implications
The findings can guide innovation managers and public policymakers in implementing effective strategies and policies to overcome pandemic challenges using SE business models. This research also provides important insights into the types and processes of innovation in organizations that create solutions to overcome social and business challenges during pandemics. In addition, this study highlights the contributions of netnographic approaches to conducting research on innovation and in pandemic periods when measures of confinement are in place.

Originality/value
This study uses an innovative framework to map the types of innovation and highlights two different types of innovation processes.
The social role of open spaces in informal settlements in Jordan
Authors: Alja'afreh Aseel , Al Tal Raed , Ibrahim Anwar 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe study hypothesized that the absence of the governing authority during the growth and expansion of informal settlements caused a highly randomized dense social fabric that shaped their characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThis research employs urban tactics and social theories to understand dynamic relationships in social consolidation in informal settlements in Jordan. The research adopted a mixed-methods approach, deploying qualitative and quantitative methods to understand the concepts, terms, perspectives, means and functions of open spaces in informal settlements.FindingsThe results identified that the land ownership of open spaces, gender and age have a significant impact on the relationships and social interaction of people. The results suggested that despite the informal morphology of studied areas being random, unplanned and chaotic, there is often an underlying logic to meet occupants’ needs.Research limitations/implicationsThis research explores informal spatiality to help understand the mechanisms of how marginal communities create and interact with each other in public spaces. This study is limited to the investigation of socio-cultural practices in public spaces, without an in-depth consideration of the roles of physical elements and features in the spatial configuration of these spaces.Originality/valueThe importance of the research is that the exploration of informal spatiality of this neighborhood morphology will enable to understand the mechanism of how marginal communities create and interact among each other and their public spaces in different cities.
Citric acid as environment friendly crease-resistance finishing agent for silk fabric combined by ß-cyclodextrin
Authors: Zare Abolfazl 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the possibility of cross-linking silk fabric using citric acid (CA) as the cross-linking agent and nano-TiO2 (NTO) particles as a catalyst at low temperature and under UV irradiation. This paper also assesses the possibility of treated samples with suitable combinations of CA and NTO to impart multiple functional properties such as self-cleaning and antimicrobial properties.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) grafted onto silk fabric using CA as a crosslinking agent and NTO particles as a catalyst through a pad-dry-cure technique and with UVA irradiation. The effects of different concentrations of CA, ß-CD and NTO particles on some properties of the treated samples are evaluated, and the optimum finishing conditions are obtained. The author also investigated the washing durability of the modified product after ten times of washing.FindingsThe results showed that CA plays the role of a linking agent through an esterification reaction with the hydroxyl groups of both ß-CD and silk fabrics and improves the durability of materials on the textile surface. Also, the silk fabrics treated with CA only were found to have excellent photocatalytic properties and better antibacterial activity than the control sample and the fabrics treated with a mixture of ß-CD/CA.Originality/valueThis study was conducted to achieve multiple functions such as antibacterial and photocatalytic activities, good dry crease recovery angle and wet crease recovery angle behavior without a significant adverse effect on the Yellowness index and tensile properties for treated silk fabrics.
Eldercare helpline: connecting with older people to mitigate the effects of the Covid-19 crisis in Jaipur, India
Authors: Raina Roshan Lal , Gupta Asheesh , Gupta Umesh , Singh Upasana , Jain Divanshu 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the needs and concerns of older people in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India during the lockdown phase of the Covid-19 crisis. The study also aims to present a viable model for extending needed support through a telephone helpline run by a team of young student volunteers.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a thematic analysis of the interaction between callers (service users) and volunteers.

Findings
The study shows that the main reasons that motivate the use of the helpline are to seek medical advice and to request medical services and medical supplies free of charge. However, the study also shows that other reasons for calling the helpline are feelings of loneliness and the need for psychological support, especially due to insufficient assistance from families.

Practical implications
The study shows the benefits of providing this type of service for older people during a time of national health crisis. The service is cost-effective and offers a one-stop assistance point.

Social implications
The service also constitutes an avenue for building intergenerational solidarity and empathy between younger and older people. This is especially important for citizens who feel socially isolated and disconnected from the rest of society.

Originality/value
The study offers a model for an easily created resource that could usefully be exported to other geographic settings.
Diversity of co‐flowering plants at field margins potentially sustains an abundance of insects visiting buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum, in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Nagano Yuta , Miyashita Tadashi , Taki Hisatomo , Yokoi Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPollinators have been declining in recent years due to changes in land use, and the negative impacts on food production are concern. Wildflowers play an important role in maintaining pollinators and pollination services in agricultural landscapes, but little is known about the effects of wildflowers at field margins on crop pollinators. We aimed to clarify the relationship between crop pollination and the species richness of wildflowers at field margins through sharing of flower visitors. We focused on insects that visit the flowers of buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum, in fields in Japan. Field surveys were conducted to investigate flower‐visiting insect communities in both the pre‐blooming and blooming periods of buckwheat in summer and autumn. The community structure of flower‐visiting insects differed between buckwheat and wildflowers in both seasons, but buckwheat shared beetles with co‐flowering plants in autumn. The abundance of insects visiting buckwheat increased with species richness of co‐flowering plants in autumn but was not related to wildflowers in summer. The morphological similarity of floral traits would not be important for these positive effects of wildflowers. Thus, co‐flowering plants have positive or neutral effects on the insects visiting buckwheat, which may contribute to the enhancement of buckwheat yields.
Influence of FSC certification on the governance of the logging sector in the Congo basin
Authors: Lescuyer Guillaume , Tsanga Raphaël , Nziengui Samir , Forni Eric , Romero Claudia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe performance of private forest governance systems, such as the standard and approach developed by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), is often assessed at the local level although they also have an indirect influence on public policies at the national level. Such spillover effects must be understood to assess the effectiveness of certification in contributing to improved forest governance. With this purpose, this article analyses the influences of the implementation of FSC standards on changes in forest governance in Cameroon, Congo and Gabon based on perceptions of 43 “knowledgeable” actors of FSC natural forest management. The information was collected through the use of semi‐open and open interviews, and rankings. Findings show that perceived FSC influence on forest governance has followed two pathways: (a) a clear impact on stakeholder participation and timber traceability; and (b) a limited impact on improving national governance, as illustrated by the lack of global improvement in resource management practices or in biodiversity conservation. Moreover, interviewees agreed that struggles against corruption and transparency have not been impacted by the FSC certification in the Congo Basin. This mitigated influence of FSC on forest governance is first explained by a limited spillover effect of the virtuous practices of the seven FSC‐certified companies on the national logging sector. Secondly, progress in FSC certification has been little taken up by public policies, which remain the main leverage for action on forest governance in producing countries.
Are food price promotions predictable? The hazard function of supermarket discounts
Authors: Lan Hao , Lloyd Tim , Morgan Wyn , Dobson Paul W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIs the timing of food products going on sale, in the form of temporary price reductions, random or predictable? More specifically, are products more likely to go on sale the longer they remain non‐promoted? We investigate the nature and timing of sales discounts using a large database based on weekly supermarket scanner prices covering 500 products for 137 weeks in the largest seven national retail chains in the UK. Our duration analysis of regular price spells reveals that discounting for a wide range of food products is more likely the longer they remain without a sale. However, critical differences exist between retailers following Hi‐Lo or every‐day‐low‐pricing policies, while the time‐dependent pattern varies considerably across product categories, brand status and discount depth.
The management of gallstone pancreatitis in pregnancy: A systematic review of the literature on this clinical dilemma
Authors: Merali Nabeel , Reis Ines , Singh Gautam , Shirol Sunil , Singh Sukphal , Veeramootoo Darmarajah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute gallstone pancreatitis in pregnancy (GSPP) is a challenging clinical problem; associated with high maternal mortality and foetal loss if not treated appropriately. There are no current UK management guidelines. Our study therefore aims to review published evidence‐based strategies on the management of GSPP and suggest a rational approach.MethodThe PRISMA Guidelines were used to undertake this comprehensive systematic literature review. Electronic literature search of the databases (PubMed/ MEDLINE, Cochrane database, UpToDate and Google Scholar) was started on 19 November 2019 and completed on 1 March 2020. The key words used were “gallstone pancreatitis in pregnancy”, “biliary pancreatitis” and “laparoscopy in pregnancy”.DiscussionThere are no national or international guidelines on the management of GSPP. However a number surgical societies, e.g. SAGES, have published advice to support clinical decision‐making. Gestational age is a main factor that determines diagnostic studies or intervention, such as endoscopic or surgical therapy. Management should ideally be deferred to the second trimester. Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be carried out successfully, by limiting fluoroscopy time, shielding the pelvis and foetus, and reduced radiation dose. A critical part not to be overlooked is the consent, portraying the risks to the mother and foetus with continuous counselling.ConclusionOur review highlights the challenges that persist in the management of gall stone pancreatitis in pregnancy. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to achieve the best outcomes. Timely action as clinically appropriate is recommended; and this has to be tailored to the needs of both lives.
Anterior segment imaging in minimally invasive glaucoma surgery – A systematic review
Authors: Kan John Tsia‐Chuen , Betzler Bjorn Kaijun , Lim Sheng Yang , Ang Bryan Chin Hou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMinimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has grown in popularity over the past decade. This systematic review explores the peri‐operative and intraoperative application of anterior segment imaging to maximize the efficacy and safety of MIGS. A review of the PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL databases was conducted, with inclusion criteria restricted to MIGS that had received United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) premarket approval, FDA 510(K) premarket notification, or were listed as a class 1 device exempt from FDA approval or notification. 21 manuscripts from 21 unique studies were identified pertaining to MIGS devices including the XEN Gel Stent, Trabectome, iStent Inject, 1st‐generation iStent and the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB). Anterior segment imaging modalities included anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), aqueous angiography, OCT volumetric scans and in vivo confocal microscopy. Identification and evaluation of aqueous outflow pathways before and after MIGS have potential for improving patient preoperative patient selection and postoperative outcomes. Intraoperative imaging potentially provides the resolution needed for good visualization of angle anatomy and accurate evaluation of surgical endpoints in angle‐based MIGS. Anterior segment imaging has been used to identify procedural complications, provide objective information on implant location in relation to surrounding anatomy, assess the post‐implantation structural impact of MIGS devices and manage bleb failure and scarring. Technical difficulties in incorporating imaging modalities into the surgical microscope, variable quality of images and optical interference from ocular structures or surgical instruments are remaining barriers, which discourage the widespread clinical use of this technology.
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging to characterize cabotegravir long‐acting formulation depot kinetics in healthy adult volunteers
Authors: Jucker Beat M. , Fuchs Edward J. , Lee Sarah , Damian Valeriu , Galette Paul , Janiczek Robert , Macura Katarzyna J. , Jacobs Michael A. , Weld Ethel D. , Solaiyappan Meiyappan , D'Amico Ronald , Shaik Jafar Sadik , Bakshi Kalpana , Han Kelong , Ford Susan , Margolis David , Spreen William , Gupta Manish K. , Hendrix Craig W. , Patel Parul 
Published: July 2021

AimCabotegravir long‐acting (LA) intramuscular (IM) injection is being investigated for HIV preexposure prophylaxis due to its potent antiretroviral activity and infrequent dosing requirement. A subset of healthy adult volunteers participating in a Phase I study assessing cabotegravir tissue pharmacokinetics underwent serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess drug depot localization and kinetics following a single cabotegravir LA IM targeted injection.MethodsEight participants (four men, four women) were administered cabotegravir LA 600 mg under ultrasonographic‐guided injection targeting the gluteal muscles. MRI was performed to determine injection‐site location in gluteal muscle (IM), subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue and combined IM/SC compartments, and to quantify drug depot characteristics, including volume and surface area, on Days 1 (≤2 hours postinjection), 3 and 8. Linear regression analysis examined correlations between MRI‐derived parameters and plasma cabotegravir exposure metrics, including maximum observed concentration (Cmax) and partial area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) through Weeks 4 and 8.ResultsCabotegravir LA depot locations varied by participant and were identified in the IM compartment (n = 2), combined IM/SC compartments (n = 4), SC compartment (n = 1) and retroperitoneal cavity (n = 1). Although several MRI parameter and exposure metric correlations were determined, total depot surface area on Day 1 strongly correlated with plasma cabotegravir concentration at Days 3 and 8, Cmax and partial AUC through Weeks 4 and 8.ConclusionMRI clearly delineated cabotegravir LA injection‐site location and depot kinetics in healthy adults. Although injection‐site variability was observed, drug depot surface area correlated with both plasma Cmax and partial AUC independently of anatomical distribution.
Multicompartmental pharmacokinetic evaluation of long‐acting cabotegravir in healthy adults for HIV preexposure prophylaxis
Authors: Shaik Jafar Sadik , Weld Ethel D. , Edick Stacey , Fuchs Edward , Riddler Sharon , Marzinke Mark A. , D'Amico Ronald , Bakshi Kalpana , Lou Yu , Hendrix Craig , Han Kelong , Ford Susan L. , Margolis David , Spreen William , Patel Parul 
Published: July 2021

AimsCabotegravir is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor in clinical development as long‐acting (LA) injectable HIV preexposure prophylaxis.MethodsThis phase I study assessed pharmacokinetics of cabotegravir in plasma and anatomical sites associated with sexual HIV‐1 transmission after repeated oral and single intramuscular (IM) LA dosing in healthy adults. Following a 28‐day oral lead‐in period of cabotegravir 30 mg and a washout period of 14–42 days, participants were administered a single ultrasound‐guided gluteal IM cabotegravir LA 600‐mg injection. The study objective was to characterize cabotegravir concentrations in plasma, cervical, vaginal and rectal tissues, and cervicovaginal and rectal fluids and up to Week 12 after IM injection.ResultsNineteen participants enrolled and 16 completed the study through Week 52. Cabotegravir was detected in plasma and all tissues and fluids. Median plasma cabotegravir concentrations exceeded the in vitro protein‐adjusted 90% maximal inhibitory concentration through Week 12. Median tissue‐ and fluid‐to‐plasma cabotegravir concentration ratios across all visits were 0.32 for rectal fluid and 0.08–0.16 for other tissues and fluids. Adjusted R2 coefficients between cabotegravir concentrations in plasma and cervical, vaginal and rectal tissues were 0.78, 0.79 and 0.90, respectively. Injection‐site reactions were common (88% of participants) and were mostly grade 1 in intensity (82%). Two participants reported 11 non–drug‐related serious adverse events.ConclusionConcentrations of cabotegravir in tissues and fluids were proportional to plasma over time, with strong correlations between tissue and plasma concentrations. Cabotegravir LA tissue‐to‐plasma ratios may be important for understanding its use as preexposure prophylaxis.
Decomposing changes in establishment‐level emissions with entry and exit
Authors: Holladay J. Scott , LaPlue Lawrence D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper decomposes pollution releases by US manufacturing establishments to show the relative importance of four establishment‐level channels: entry, exit, reallocation between survivors and within‐establishment adjustment of emissions intensity. Using a panel of establishment‐level output and pollution emissions to air and water for US manufacturers, we decompose changes in pollution emissions into the three channels typically presented in the literature: changes in scale (output), composition (industry market share) and industry‐level technique (emissions intensity). We then decompose changes due to industry‐level emissions intensity into four establishment‐level channels for three criteria air pollutants and water pollution. For volatile organic compound emissions, nearly two thirds of the reduction in sector‐level emissions intensity is due to within‐establishment reductions in emissions intensity. The other third is driven by reallocation to cleaner establishments. Though the magnitudes differ, results are broadly similar for particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. On‐site releases of effluents to water exhibit a similar pattern, though the relative importance of reallocation is greater. We also find that within‐establishment reductions in water emissions are associated with increased transfers to off‐site publicly owned treatment facilities. The heterogeneous contributions across channels suggests that the cleanup in the US manufacturing sector likely has multiple sources.
Comparison of the effect of metal mordants and bio‐mordants on the colorimetric and antibacterial properties of natural dyes on cotton fabric
Authors: Shahmoradi Ghaheh Fatemeh , Moghaddam Meghdad Kamali , Tehrani Majid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bio‐mordants versus metal mordants in terms of colour measurement, colour fastness, and antibacterial properties of a natural dye extract (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) on the cotton fabric. Accordingly, some bio‐mordants including tannic acid, pine cone, lemon peel, and sodium alginate, as well as some metal mordants such as iron(II) sulphate, copper sulphate, zinc sulphate, and aluminium potassium sulphate were investigated based on three conventional mordanting procedures (pre‐, meta‐ and after‐mordanting). The method appropriate forH. sabdariffadyeing on the cotton fabric, according to the colour fastness factor, was found to be the after‐mordanting method. The bio‐mordants used in this study, the same as metal salts, increased the colour fastness on the dyed cotton fabrics and produced excellent light fastness (rating of 5 to 6), wash fastness (rating of 4 to 5), and dry/wet rub fastness (rating of 4 to 5). The higher antibacterial activities (> 90% bacterial reduction) againstEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus, andPseudomonasaeruginosawere observed when tannic acid, pine cone, and lemon peel were applied to the dyed cotton fabric. The use of bio‐mordants in the natural dyeing of the cotton fabric could be, therefore, recommended due to the biocompatibility and non‐toxicity of natural mordants, along with excellent colour fastness and appropriate antibacterial properties.