bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between childhood obesity and socio-economic status among primary school children in Costa Rica
Authors: Gamboa-Gamboa Tatiana , Fantin Romain , Cordoba Jeancarlo , Caravaca Ivannia , Gómez-Duarte Ingrid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:This article analyses the relationship between socio-economic status and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the primary school population in Costa Rica.Design:A National School Weight/Height Census was disseminated across Costa Rica in 2016. The percentage of children who were overweight or obese was calculated by sex, age and socio-economic indicators (type of institution: private, public, mix; type of geographic location: rural, urban and the level of development of the district of residence: quartiles). A mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression model and mixed-effects logistic regression model were used to analyse the association between the prevalence of being overweight or obese and district socio-economic status.Setting:The survey was carried out in public and private primary schools across Costa Rica in 2016.Participants:In total, 347 366 students from 6 to 12 years were enrolled in public and private primary schools.Results:The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children was 34·0 %. Children in private schools were more likely to be overweight or obese than students in public schools (OR = 1·10 [1·07, 1·13]). Additionally, children were less likely to be overweight or obese if attending a school in a district of the lowest socio-economic quartile compared with the highest socio-economic quartile (OR = 0·79 [0·75, 0·83]) and in a rural area compared with the urban area (OR = 0·92 [0·87, 0·97]).Conclusions:Childhood obesity in Costa Rica continues to be a public health problem. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children was associated with indicators of higher socio-economic status.
Acknowledged authenticity. Or did the origin of rock matter in the Mesolithic?
Authors: Nyland Astrid J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article explores the concept of authenticity of rock, place and stone tools in the Mesolithic. It uses results from a recent pXRF analysis on a selection of greenstone adzes predominantly originating from a delimited area on the western coast of south Norway as its point of departure. The results show that, although the majority of the 80 analysed adzes were made of greenstone from one specific source, eight clearly stemmed from local outcrops away from this one source area. The quantitative geochemical data are not presented in detail. Instead, the focus is on the social significance of these stone objects and their sources as indicated by the results. I argue that the anomalies demonstrate an acknowledged social value placed on stone from a dedicated source area; they represent deliberate attempts to manipulate perception and thus replicate a specific social affinity. Emphasizing perception and appearance, I consider adzes of green stone as assemblages of knowledge, skill, place and social memory – as desirable objects that enhanced a feeling of belonging and social identity – and I question whether this means that people in the Mesolithic recognized and acknowledged something as authentic.
Paleointensity and Rock Magnetism of Martian Nakhlite Meteorite Miller Range 03346: Evidence for Intense Small‐Scale Crustal Magnetization on Mars
Authors: Volk Michael W. R. , Fu Roger R. , Mittelholz Anna , Day James M. D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe martian dynamo’s strength and duration are essential for understanding Mars' habitability and deep interior dynamics. Although most northern volcanic terranes were likely emplaced after the martian dynamo ceased, recent data from the InSight mission show stronger than predicted crustal fields. Studying young volcanic martian meteorites offers a precise, complementary method to characterize the strength of the martian crustal field and examine its implications for past dynamo activity. We present the first rock and paleomagnetic study of nine mutually oriented samples from the martian Nakhlite meteorite Miller Range (MIL) 03346, which is well‐suited for paleomagnetic analysis due to its well‐known age (1,368 ± 83 Ma) and lack of significant aqueous, thermal, and shock overprinting. Rock magnetic analysis, including quantum diamond microscope imaging, showed that the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) is carried by Ti‐magnetite crystals containing µm‐scale ilmenite exsolution lamellae, which can accurately record ancient magnetic fields. Demagnetization of the NRM revealed a high coercivity magnetization interpreted to date from the age of eruption based on its intensity, unidirectionality, and a passing fusion crust baked contact test. Paleointensities of four samples reveal a 5.1 ± 1.5 µT paleofield, representing the most reliable martian paleointensity estimates to‐date and stronger than the 2 µT surface fields measured by InSight. Modeling shows that the observed fields can be explained by an older subsurface magnetized layer without a late, active dynamo and support a deeply buried, highly magnetized crust in the northern hemisphere of Mars. These results provide corroborating evidence for strong, small‐scale crustal fields on Mars.
Genome wide association study reveals plant loci controlling heritability of the rhizosphere microbiome
Authors: Deng Siwen , Caddell Daniel F , Xu Gen , Dahlen Lindsay , Washington Lorenzo , Yang Jinliang , Coleman-Derr Devin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Host genetics has recently been shown to be a driver of plant microbiome composition. However, identifying the underlying genetic loci controlling microbial selection remains challenging. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) represent a potentially powerful, unbiased method to identify microbes sensitive to the host genotype and to connect them with the genetic loci that influence their colonization. Here, we conducted a population-level microbiome analysis of the rhizospheres of 200 sorghum genotypes. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we identify rhizosphere-associated bacteria exhibiting heritable associations with plant genotype, and identify significant overlap between these lineages and heritable taxa recently identified in maize. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GWAS can identify host loci that correlate with the abundance of specific subsets of the rhizosphere microbiome. Finally, we demonstrate that these results can be used to predict rhizosphere microbiome structure for an independent panel of sorghum genotypes based solely on knowledge of host genotypic information.
Awareness, treatment, control, and determinants of dyslipidemia among adults in China
Authors: Opoku Sampson , Gan Yong , Yobo Emmanuel Addo , Tenkorang-Twum David , Yue Wei , Wang Zhihong , Lu Zuxun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEffective management of dyslipidemia is important. This study aimed to determine the awareness, treatment, control, and determinants of dyslipidemia in middle-aged and older Chinese adults in China. Using data from the 2015 China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project (CNSSPP), a nationally representative sample of 135,403 Chinese adults aged 40 years or more were included in this analysis. Dyslipidemia was defined by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults final report (NCEP-ATP III) and the 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults. Models were constructed to adjust for subjects’ characteristics with bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Overall, 51.1% of the subjects were women. Sixty-four percent were aware of their condition, of whom 18.9% received treatment, and of whom 7.2% had adequately controlled dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia treatment was higher in men from rural areas than their urban counterparts. The multivariable logistic regression models revealed that women, urban residents, and general obesity were positively related to awareness. Women, married respondents, and current drinkers had higher odds of treatment. Age group, overweight, general obesity, urban residence, and women were independent determinants of control. Dyslipidemia awareness rate was moderately high, but treatment and control rates were low. Results can be used to develop policies and health promotion strategies with special focus on middle-aged and older adults.
Individual differences in sensory and expectation driven interoceptive processes: a novel paradigm with implications for alexithymia, disordered eating and obesity
Authors: Young Hayley A. , Gaylor Chantelle M. , de-Kerckhove Danielle , Benton David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThose with disordered eating and/or obesity often express difficulties in sensing or interpreting what is happening in the body (interoception). However, research is hindered by conceptual confusion, concerns surrounding domain specificity, and an inability to distinguish sensory (bottom-up) and expectation driven (top-down) interoceptive processes. A paradigm was therefore developed from an active inference perspective. Novel indices were computed and examined in those with alexithymia: a personality associated with interoceptive deficits and disordered eating. The paradigm successfully identified individuals driven by sensations rather than expectations: alexithymia was characterized by attenuated prior precision (a larger divergence between pre-prandial and post-prandial satiety, and low expectation confidence), and increased prediction error (a higher correlation between changes in hunger and blood glucose, and greater rebound hunger after a sensory incongruent drink). In addition, those with a higher BMI were less confident and had a larger anticipated satiety divergence. These findings demonstrate the need to move beyond existing paradigms such as the Satiety Quotient and Heartbeat Counting Task which may have limited our understanding of eating behaviour.
COVID-19’s natural course among ambulatory monitored outpatients
Authors: Weinbergerova Barbora , Mayer Jiri , Hrabovsky Stepan , Novakova Zuzana , Pospisil Zdenek , Martykanova Lucie , Hortova Katerina , Mandelova Lucie , Hejduk Karel , Chloupková Renata , Pospisil Michal , Doubkova Martina , Marek Vladimir , Novotna Renata , Dolecek Martin , Kubesova Hana Matejovska , Brat Kristian , Parizkova Radana , Husa Petr , Mechl Marek , Kral Zdenek , Lengerova Martina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch objective was to detail COVID-19’s natural trajectory in relation to the Czech population’s viral load. Our prospective detailed daily questionnaire-based telemonitoring study evaluated COVID-19’s impact among 105 outpatients. In accordance with government quarantine requirements, outpatients were divided into a cohort with two negative tests at the end of the disease (40 patients) and a cohort with a new algorithm (65 patients) following a 14-day quarantine. Median follow-up differed significantly between the 2 groups (23 days vs. 16 days). Only 6% of patients were asymptomatic during the entire telemonitoring period. Another 13% of patients were diagnosed asymptomatic, as suspected contacts, yet later developed symptoms, while the remaining 81% were diagnosed as symptomatic on average 6 days following symptom onset. Telemonitoring enabled precise symptom status chronicling. The most frequently reported complaints were fevers, respiratory issues, and anosmia. Six patients were eventually hospitalized for complications detected early after routine telemonitoring. During the extended follow-up (median 181 days), anosmia persisted in 26% of patients. 79% of patients in the new quarantine algorithm cohort reported no symptoms on day 11 compared to just 56% of patients in the two negative test cohort upon first testing negative (median–19 days). The highest viral load occurred within 0–2 days of initial symptom onset. Both the PCR viral load and two consecutive PCR negative sample realizations indicated high interindividual variability with a surprisingly fluctuating pattern among 43% of patients. No definitive COVID-19 symptoms or set of symptoms excepting anosmia (59%) and/or ageusia (47%) were identified. No preexisting medical conditions specifically foreshadowed disease trajectory in a given patient. Without a PCR negativity requirement for quarantine cessation, patients could exhibit fewer symptoms. Our study therefore highlights the urgent need for routine ambulatory patient telemedicine monitoring, early complication detection, intensive mass education connecting disease demeanor with subsequent swift diagnostics, and, notably, the need to reevaluate and modify quarantine regulations for better control of SARS-CoV-2 proliferation.
Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history
Authors: Loope Kevin J. , Wilson Rankin Erin E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial insect colonies exhibit a variety of life history strategies, from the annual, semelparous colonies of temperate bees and wasps to the long-lived colonies of many ants and honeybees. Species introduced to novel habitats may exhibit plasticity in life history strategies as a result of the introduction, but the factors governing these changes often remain obscure. Vespula pensylvanica, a yellowjacket wasp, exhibits such plasticity in colony longevity. Multi-year (perennial) colonies are relatively common in introduced populations in Hawaii, while source populations in the western United States are typically on an annual cycle. Here, we use experiments and observational data to examine how diet, disease, nest thermal environment, and nest location influence colony longevity in a population with both annual and perennial colonies. Counter to our predictions, experimental feeding and warming did not increase colony survival in the winter in the introduced range. However, Moku Virus load and wasp colony density predicted colony survival in one year, suggesting a potential role for disease in modulating colony phenology. We also found that local V. pensylvanica colony density was positively correlated with Moku Virus loads, and that Arsenophonus sp. bacterial loads in V. pensylvanica colonies were positively associated with proximity to feral honeybee (Apis mellifera) hives, suggesting potential transmission routes for these poorly understood symbionts. The factors influencing colony longevity in this population are likely multiple and interactive. More important than food availability, we propose winter precipitation as a critical factor that may explain temporal and spatial variation in colony longevity in these invasive wasps.
A novel transformerless high step‐Up DC‐DC converter with active switched‐inductor and quasi‐Z‐source network
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Chen Daolian , Jiang Jiahui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConventional dc–dc boost converters have limited boosting capabilities, and the main switching device may suffer relatively high voltage stress and current stress. A novel transformerless dc‐dc boost converter is proposed in this paper. The proposed topology, which combines the traditional active switch‐inductor and quasi‐Z‐source network, can increase the voltage gain without limiting the duty cycle or increasing the voltage and current stresses of the power switches. The detailed analysis including working principles, steady‐state characteristics, non‐ideal element analysis and a comprehensive comparison is also presented in this paper. To verify the proposed converter's performance, a prototype circuit with 20–30 V input voltage, 200 V output voltage, and 200 W output power is implemented in the laboratory. Experiment results confirm the theoretical analysis and advantages of the proposed converter.
Woran starben Dr. Carl Lüderitz (1854–1930) und seine Vor- und Nachfahren?
Authors: Enck Paul , Mai Gunther , Frieling Thomas , Schemann Michael 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDiagnostik allein auf der Basis von Symptomen und Symptombeschreibungen ist heute selten, war aber im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert eher die Regel.
Methoden In diesem medizinhistorischen Projekt wurden die Todesursachen von 25 Vor- und Nachfahren des Berliner Arztes und Wissenschaftlers Dr. Carl Lüderitz (1854–1930) aus historischen Quellen zusammengetragen und mit Daten zur Todesursachenstatistik des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts verglichen. Zehn aktiven Gastroenterologen/-innen wurde ein Tagebuchausschnitt des laienhaft beschriebenen Todes eines Berliner Kaufmanns (des Großvaters von Carl Lüderitz) im Jahr 1846 durch seinen Sohn vorgelegt mit der Bitte um eine Verdachtsdiagnose.
Ergebnisse Vier bzw. 5 Fälle von vermutlicher Leberzirrhose unter den 26 Angehörigen der Familie Lüderitz sind überproportional im Vergleich zu Sterbestatistiken in Berlin und auf dem Lande, während die Schwindsucht (Tuberkulose) mit nur einem Fall unterrepräsentiert ist. Durchschnittlich wurden Frauen in dieser Familie 10 Jahre älter, unabhängig vom Jahr des Todes (1787 bis 2006). Acht der befragten Gastroenterologen/-innen waren der Meinung, dass der Tod aufgrund einer dekompensierten Leberzirrhose mit Blutungen aus Ösophagusvarizen eintrat, mit Ödemen auf der Basis einer daraus folgenden Herzinsuffizienz.
Schlussfolgerung Auch historische Dokumente können zur Aus- und Fortbildung oder zur Qualitätskontrolle in der Gastroenterologie beitragen.
Morphological Analysis of Bone Deformities of the Distal Femur in Toy Poodles with Medial Patellar Luxation
Authors: Yasukawa Shinji , Edamura Kazuya , Tanegashima Koji , Seki Mamiko , Asano Kazushi , Nakayama Tomohiro , Hayashi Kei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone deformities of the distal femur of Toy Poodles with medial patellar luxation (MPL) using computed tomography.Methods Computed tomography data from 37 stifles of Toy Poodles (16 normal, 10 grade 2 MPL and 11 grade 4 MPL) were analysed. For trochlear morphology, sulcus angle, medial or lateral trochlear inclination and trochlear angle were compared. For condylar morphology, distance between the apex of the medial or lateral trochlear ridge and the most caudal point of the medial or lateral femoral condyle (MC or LC), the length of the cranial/middle (anterior) part (MC(a) or LC(a')) and caudal (posterior) part (MC(p) or LC(p')) of distal femur and medial or lateral condyle width (MCW or LCW) were measured, and the ratios of medial-to-lateral condyles and anterior–posterior parts were compared.Results Sulcus angle was significantly higher, and medial trochlear inclination was significantly lower in grade 4 MPL group than other groups. Lateral trochlear inclination was not significantly different among 3 groups. Trochlear angles at proximal trochlear groove were significantly lower in grade 4 MPL group than other groups. MC/LC, MC(a)/LC(a'), MC(a)/MC(p), and LC(a')/LC(p') were significantly lower in grade 4 MPL group than other groups; however, there were no significant differences in MC(p)/LC(p') and MCW/LCW among three groups.Conclusion Hypoplasia of the cranial and middle rather than caudal compartment of the distal femur was the primary morphological abnormality in Toy Poodles with grade 4 MPL.
Catalytic conversion of ethene to butadiene or hydrogenation to ethane on HY zeolite-supported rhodium complexes: Cooperative support/Rh-center route
Authors: Khivantsev Konstantin , Vityuk Artem , Aleksandrov Hristiyan A. , Vayssilov Georgi N. , Alexeev Oleg S. , Amiridis Michael D. 
Published: May 2021

Rh(C2H4)2 species grafted on the HY zeolite framework significantly enhance the activation of H2 that reacts with C2H4 ligands to form C2H6. While in this case, the simultaneous activation of C2H4 and H2 and the reaction between these species on zeolite-loaded Rh cations is a legitimate hydrogenation pathway yielding C2H6, the results obtained for Rh(CO)(C2H4)/HY materials exposed to H2 convincingly show that the support-assisted C2H4 hydrogenation pathway also exists. This additional and previously unrecognized hydrogenation pathway couples with the conversion of C2H4 ligands on Rh sites and contributes significantly to the overall hydrogenation activity. This pathway does not require simultaneous activation of reactants on the same metal center and, therefore, is mechanistically different from hydrogenation chemistry exhibited by molecular organometallic complexes. We also demonstrate that the conversion of zeolite-supported Rh(CO)2 complexes into Rh(CO)(C2H4) species under ambient conditions is not a simple CO/C2H4 ligand exchange reaction on Rh sites, as this process also involves the conversion of C2H4 into C4 hydrocarbons, among which 1,3-butadiene is the main product formed with the initial selectivity exceeding 98% and the turnover frequency of 8.9 × 10−3 s−1. Thus, the primary role of zeolite-supported Rh species is not limited to the activation of H2, as these species significantly accelerate the formation of the C4 hydrocarbons from C2H4 even without the presence of H2 in the feed. Using periodic density functional theory calculations, we examined several catalytic pathways that can lead to the conversion of C2H4 into 1,3-butadiene over these materials and identified the reaction route via intermediate formation of rhodacyclopentane.
The multiplicative constant for the Meijer-G kernel determinant
Authors: Charlier Christophe , Lenells Jonatan , Mauersberger Julian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We compute the multiplicative constant in the large gap asymptotics of the Meijer-G point process. This point process generalizes the Bessel point process and appears at the hard edge of Cauchy–Laguerre multi-matrix models and of certain product random matrix ensembles.
On the vanishing viscosity limit for 2D incompressible flows with unbounded vorticity
Authors: Nussenzveig Lopes Helena J , Seis Christian , Wiedemann Emil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We show strong convergence of the vorticities in the vanishing viscosity limit for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations on the two-dimensional torus, assuming only that the initial vorticity of the limiting Euler equations is in L

p
for some p > 1. This substantially extends a recent result of Constantin, Drivas and Elgindi, who proved strong convergence in the case p = ∞. Our proof, which relies on the classical renormalisation theory of DiPerna–Lions, is surprisingly simple.
On the dynamics of contact Hamiltonian systems: I. Monotone systems
Authors: Jin Liang , Yan Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article is devoted to a description of the dynamics of the phase flow of monotone contact Hamiltonian systems. Particular attention is paid to locating the maximal attractor (or repeller), which could be seen as the union of compact invariant sets, and investigating its dynamical and topological properties. This is based on an analysis from the viewpoint of gradient-like systems.