bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IS MULTIPLE BORROWING A BAD SIGN? EVIDENCE FROM MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Iqbal Zahid , Akram Muhammad , Ahmad Hassan 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To improve the loan repayment performance of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Pakistan, this research not only analyses the direct effect of multiple borrowing on loan repayment performance but also determining the indirect impact of multiple borrowing on loan repayment performance through the mediating role of over-indebtedness and moderate role of moral hazard between over-indebtedness and loan repayment performance.
Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on a rich dataset comprised of information provided by the employees of MFIs working in Pakistan. The primary data were collected through the structural questionnaire, reliability and validity of construct were established in the light of different techniques including (1) Factor Loading (2) Cronbach’s Alpha (3) Composite Reliability (4) Average Variance Extracted (5) Variance Inflation Factor (6) Fornell-Larcker Criterion and (7) HTMT Ratio. Moreover, structural equation modeling techniques were applied in this study and, hypotheses were tested through bootstrapping by using PLS-SEM.
Findings: The results confirm not the only direct impact of multiple borrowing on loan repayment performance and over-indebtedness but also mediating role of over-indebtedness between multiple borrowing and loan repayment performances. Aside from the direct influence of over-indebtedness on loan repayment performance, the moderate role of moral hazard on the association between over-indebtedness and loan payback was also found.
Application of the Study: The findings of this study will be communicated with all Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in the future so that policies may be developed to address the factors that negatively affect the loan repayment performance of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). Besides this, the outcomes of this study will also enable the MFIs to launch different loaning products that not only fulfill the borrower’s requirements but also ensure the interest of MFIs.
Originality/value: Until now, the impact of multiple borrowing on loan repayment performance through mediating role of over-indebtedness and moderating role of moral hazard in the context of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) of Pakistan have hardly been investigated. This study also enhances the understanding of MFIs regarding multiple borrowing and its subsequent impact on loan repayment performance. Moreover, the findings of this study enable the MFIs of Pakistan to improve their loan repayment performance by formulating the new lending policies in light of the finding of this study with special reference to multiple borrowing.
KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY CONCEPTS AND ROLES IN PERSPECTIVES OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS OF ASIAN AND EUROPEAN STATES
Authors: Ahmad Saghir , Batool Ayesha , Iqbal Sadaf , Shah Manzoor Hussain 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The study aimed to identify knowledge economy concepts and roles in perspectives of university teachers of Asian and European States and examine the relationship between knowledge economy concepts and roles of university teachers.
Methodology: This study was quantitative correlation and survey type in nature. The study population was public sector universities teachers of three countries (Pakistan, United Kingdom, and India). Six public universities were included in the population. From population one hundred and eighty teachers selected as a sample of study conveniently.
Main Findings: Teachers agree unanimously that human beings are knowledge capital because they generate new knowledge with innovative ideas and conducting researches in different fields. Humans are the source of producing and placement of knowledge excellently and professionally. There is a strong path relationship r = .8 between knowledge economy concepts of teachers and their roles regarding this. Findings showed that there was a significant difference in teachers’ conceptions of Pakistan and the United Kingdom.
Applications of this study: The teachers may make clear conceptions about the knowledge economy and recognize their roles to produce innovative and skills-oriented human resources and data to strengthen the knowledge-based economy.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The knowledge economy is a new concept itself in this context. University teachers’ of three different countries highlighted concepts and roles about the knowledge economy.
Postprandial hypoglycemia after upper gastrointestinal tract surgery: prevalence and pathophysiology (part 1)
Authors: Yukina M. Yu. , Chernova M. O. , Troshina E. A. , Evdoshenko V. V. , Platonova N. M. 
Published: June 2021

Nowadays obesity is a major health problem worldwide. Surgery is the most promising treatment for morbid obesity. There are two types of bariatric procedures, one to reduce the food intake volume and the other to limit the absorption of nutrients. Despite the indisputable advantages of bariatric surgery for weight loss, it is necessary to remember the potential risk of severe complications, such as hypoglycemic syndrome at 2 to 3 hours after ingestion of rapidly absorbable carbohydrates manifested by adrenergic and neuroglycopenic symptoms. According to the literature, the prevalence of post-bariatric postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (PHH) varies from 10% to 75%. PHH in post-bariatric patients should be differentiated from the syndrome of non-insulinoma pancreatogenic hypoglycemia and from insulinoma; however, these diseases are described also in patients after bariatric surgery.The mechanisms of PHH as an outcome of shunting bariatric procedures are currently not fully clear. According to the recent studies, incretin hypersecretion in response to the accelerated flow of carbohydrates into the small intestine plays a leading role in the inappropriate excess production of insulin by the pancreas. In addition, there are hypotheses on a slower normalization of insulin production during more rapid bodyweight decrease and regression of insulin resistance, the role of alpha-cell dysfunction, disturbed negative feedback between insulin and ghrelin, compensatory hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the remaining enterocytes (including L-cells), changes in gut microflora, bile acids level and composition. A number of other mechanisms have also been proposed that require further studies.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia L.) dan Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) pada Mencit Jantan Hiperurisemia
Authors: Rizki Kinanthi Putri , Muslichah Siti , Ningsih Indah Yulia 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of sidaguri leaves and red ginger rhizome extracts in uric acid levels of hyperuricemic male mice. Thirty-six mice were divided into nine groups including normal group, the positive control (+), negative control (-), extracts of four treatment groups with a variety of combinations and two groups of single extract. Hyperuricemia induction was performed by administering mixture melinjo 10% of the standard feed mice for 7 days dan potassium oxonate 250 mg/kg BB intraperitoneally at 2 hours before blood sampling. The results showed that the combination dose of sidaguri leaves of 50 mg/kg BB and red ginger rhizome 400 mg/kg BB had higher antihyperuricemia activity than other combinations in lowering uric acid levels of mice. Compounds may have antihyperuricemic activity were flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids.

Keywords: sidaguri leaves, red ginger rhizome, antihyperuricemic activity, uric acid
Titer Widal pada Populasi Sehat di Universitas Jember
Authors: Suryani Dissa Yulianita , Shodikin Muhammad Ali , Astuti Ida Srisurani Wiji 
Published: June 2021

Enteric fever is endemic in developing countries including Indonesia. Widal test in a single serum sample is commonly used as laboratory diagnosis especially where culture facilities are not available. Examination of the single Widal test in endemic countries such as Indonesia, will give less accurate results with the large number of false-positive or false-negative. One of false-positive results is single Widal interpretation of test in endemic areas where the majority of the healthy population had contact or infected previously, and showed a positive result of Widal test. Widal titre examination in healthy population both men and women have not been investigated in Jember. So the aim of this study was to determine Widal titres among apparently healthy population in Jember University. In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected as much as 3 mL from healthy men (n=47) and women (n=47) and were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella antibodies by carrying out the Widal slide agglutination test. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 descriptively. The result showed that the most frequent antibody titres of O, H, AO, AH, BO, and BH antigens were 1/320 (37,2%), 1/320 (38,2%), 1/320 (86,1%), 1/320 (67,0%), 1/320 (77,7%) and 1/40 (27,7%) respectively in healthy population. In conclusion, antibody titre of AO dominated the most positive results in healthy population.

Keywords: Widal test, healthy population, Indonesia
Pengaruh Pemberian Cuka Apel 'A' terhadap Kadar MDA Hepar Tikus Wistar Jantan yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Toksik
Authors: Niki Rahmawati Niki , Sugiyanta Sugiyanta , Sakinah Elly Nurus 
Published: June 2021

High dose of paracetamol is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 become free radical N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) but liver Glutathione (GSH) is not adequate to change it become nonreactive metabolite so that NAPQI bind to unsaturated fatty acid of cell membrane, causing lipid peroxidation and increase liver Malondialdehyde (MDA). 'A' apple vinegar contains anthocyanin with an antioxidant effect by electron donor to NAPQI and acetic acid to improve liver GSH level. The aim of research was to investigate the effect of 'A' apple vinegar on the rat liver MDA induced by toxic dose of paracetamol. Research groups consist of normal control (CMC Na 1% 1 ml for 14 days), negative control (CMC Na 1% 1ml for 14 days + paracetamol 291.6 mg/200gBW on the day 12nd,13rd,14th), and treatment group ('A' apple vinegar 0.4 ml/150gBW for 14 days + paracetamol 291.6 mg/200gBW on the day 12nd,13rd,14th). Liver MDA was measured on the day 15th with competitive ELISA. The average of normal control group was 21.58 ng/ml, negative control group was 70,71 ng/ml, treatment group was 37,67 ng/ml. One way ANOVA and Post hoc LSD test showed significantly differences between all groups (p<0,05). It can be concluded that 'A' apple vinegar had an effect on the liver MDA induced by toxic dose of paracetamol.

Keywords: Paracetamol, NAPQI, MDA, 'A' apple vinegar, antioxidant
One Versus 3-Week Immobilization Period for Nonoperatively Treated Proximal Humeral Fractures
Authors: Martínez Raquel , Santana Fernando , Pardo Albert , Torrens Carlos 
Published: June 2021

Background:
There is no consensus on the duration of immobilization for nonoperatively treated proximal humeral fractures (PHFs). The main objective of the study was to determine the differences in pain between PHFs that were treated nonoperatively with 3-week immobilization and those treated with 1-week immobilization.

Methods:
A prospective randomized trial was designed to evaluate whether the immobilization time frame (1-week immobilization [group I] versus 3-week immobilization [group II]) for nonoperatively treated PHFs had any influence on pain and functional outcomes. Pain was assessed using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) that was administrated 1 week after the fracture, at 3 weeks, and then at the 3, 6, 12, and 24-month follow-up. The functional outcome was evaluated using the Constant score. To assess the functional disability of the shoulder, a self-reported shoulder-specific questionnaire, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), was used. The Constant score and the SST were recorded at the 3, 6, 12, and 24-month follow-up. Complications and secondary displacement were also recorded.

Results:
One hundred and forty-three patients were randomized, and 111 (88 females and 23 males) who had been allocated to group I (55 patients) or group II (56 patients) were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the patients was 70.4 years (range, 42 to 94 years). No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of pain as measured with the VAS at any time point (1 week [5.9 versus 5.6; p = 0.648], 3 weeks [4.8 versus 4.1; p = 0.059], 3 months [1.9 versus 2.4; p = 0.372], 6 months [1.0 versus 1.2; p = 0.605], 1 year [0.65 versus 0.66; p = 0.718], and 2 years [0.63 versus 0.31; p = 0.381]). No significant differences were found in the Constant score or SST score at any time point. No significant differences were noted in the complication rate.

Conclusions:
Short and long periods of immobilization yield similar results for nonoperatively treated PHFs, independent of the fracture pattern. These fractures can be successfully managed with a short immobilization period of 1 week in order to not compromise patients' independence for an overly extended period.

Level of Evidence:
Randomized controlled trial Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Bone Missile: Unusual Foreign Body Presentation
Authors: Alsafty Sameh S. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
We present a male patient in his third decade of life who presented with a painful mass in his left thigh 2 weeks after being involved in motor vehicle accident. The mass was found to be a piece of bone from a second person who had been involved in the same accident.

Conclusion:
This report highlights a most unusual type of injury.
Infrapatellar Coronal Plane Plica in a 60-Year-Old
Authors: Kambhampati Srinivas B. S. , Kambhampati Anirudh P. S. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
We report a rare case of coronal plane infrapatellar plica, also called “Bib-like plica,” in a 60-year-old patient. The start-up pain she experienced before arthroscopic excision completely resolved after the procedure. As far as we know, this is the first case of this plica in the literature in a 60-year-old patient who had associated articular cartilage loss over the medial femoral condyle adjacent to the plica, with positive magnetic resonance imaging findings outlining the structure, possibly impinging the infrapatellar fat pad.

Conclusion:
Excision of a symptomatic plica by arthroscopy resulted in complete relief of pain in this patient.
Corrective Surgery for a Forearm Deformity in a Middle-Aged Patient with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses
Authors: Usui Daiki , Komura Shingo , Hirakawa Akihiro , Ichikawa Katsuhiro , Matsumoto Kazu , Akiyama Haruhiko 
Published: June 2021

Case:
A 48-year-old man underwent corrective surgery for a deformity of the left forearm because of multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE). The patient had no complaint of pain, the appearance of his forearm improved, and acceptable range of motion of the wrist and forearm were maintained at 14-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
The esthetic forearm deformity in the middle-aged patient with MHE was successfully improved without sacrificing function. Although there is little evidence of forearm corrective surgeries for adult patients with MHE, this report could expand surgical indications for them.
Primary ACL Repair of a Chronic ACL Femoral Avulsion with 2-Year Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes
Authors: Lynch Thomas B. , Siu Ryan , Bates Taylor , Antosh Ivan J. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
There has been a reemergence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair. We present the unique case of an ACL repair in a service member with a chronic tear. The patient went on to have a successful outcome with return to full activities without symptoms and functional outcomes scores equal to preinjury levels.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates a preserved ACL remnant after an ACL femoral avulsion secondary to scarring to the posterior cruciate ligament. ACL repair can produce excellent outcomes in the right population, and injury chronicity may not necessarily preclude successful repair in the setting of good-quality ACL remnant.
The Current Status of Concussion Assessment Scales
Authors: Kaufman Matthew W. , Su Charles A. , Trivedi Nikunj N. , Lee Michelle K. , Nelson Grant B. , Cupp Sean A. , Voos James E. 
Published: June 2021

» Concussion is a complex pathophysiologic process that affects the brain; it is induced by biomechanical forces, with alteration in mental status with or without loss of consciousness.» Concussion assessment tools may be broadly categorized into (1) screening tests such as the SAC (Standardized Assessment of Concussion), the BESS (Balance Error Scoring System), and the King-Devick (KD) test; (2) confirmatory tests including the SCAT (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool), the ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing), and the VOMS (Vestibular Oculomotor Screening); and (3) objective examinations such as brain network activation (BNA) analysis, imaging studies, and physiologic markers.» The KD, child SCAT3 (cSCAT3), child ImPACT (cImPACT), and VOMS tests may be used to evaluate for concussion in the pediatric athlete.» Future work with BNA, functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and serum biomarkers may provide more objective assessment of concussion, neurologic injury, and subsequent recovery.
Cryosectioning, block face imaging and Nissl staining fluorescently labeled pig heart
Authors: Robbins Shaina , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth , Schwaber James 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present protocol describes the process of cryosectioning OCT-embedded fresh frozen pig heart tissue, along with the acquisition of block face images, followed by Nissl staining of the tissue sections and microscopic imaging of the sections for localizing the fluorescently-labeled neurons in the tissue. This tissue section preparation workflow was optimized for use in laser capture microdissection of single neurons from the pig heart tissue, which are used in downstream transcriptomic analysis and mapping of the neuronal location and molecular data to a 3D reconstructed contour stack of block face images.
Both high and low spatial frequencies are critical for visual consciousness in autism: Evidence of an emotional attentional blink paradigm.
Authors: Lacroix Adeline , Gomot Marie , Fombonne Margot , Perrier Mickaël J. R. , Peyrin Carole , Vermeulen Nicolas , Park Gewnhi , Dutheil Frédéric , Mermillod Martial 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
High Spatial Frequencies (HSF - conveying local information) may serve a critical role in visual consciousness. Despite an HSF bias during visual perception in autism, autistic individuals demonstrate impairments in face processing. Our aim was to investigate the respective role of HSF and Low Spatial Frequencies (LSF - conveying coarse information) on visual consciousness in autism. Thirty-two autistic adults and 35 typically developing (TD) controls performed an emotional attentional blink paradigm with spatially filtered distractors. TD participants showed reduced T2 accuracy (i.e., accuracy for the second target given the correct report of the first target T1) after unfiltered and HSF distractors compared to LSF distractors. In the autistic group, we observed lower T2 accuracy than controls after HSF and LSF distractors but not after unfiltered distractors. Results suggest the importance of HSF for visual consciousness in TD participants whereas, both LSF and HSF seem important in autism.
Efficient JPEG Encoding Using Bernoulli Shift Map for Secure Communication
Authors: Ahmad Nisar , Younus Muhammad Usman , Anjum Muhammad Rizwan , Saleem Gulshan , Gondal Zaheer Ahmed , Narejo Sanam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Digital data must be compressed and encrypted to maintain confidentiality and efficient bandwidth usage. These two parameters are essential for information processing in most communication systems. Image compression and encryption may result in reduced restoration quality and degraded performance. This study attempts to provide a compression and encryption scheme for digital data named as Secure-JPEG. This scheme is built on the JPEG compression format, the most widely used lossy compression scheme. It extends the standard JPEG compression algorithm to encrypt data during compression. Secure-JPEG scheme provides encryption along with the process of compression, and it could be altered easily to provide lossless compression. On the other hand, the lossless compression provides less compression ratio and is suitable only in specific scenarios. The paper address the problem of security lacks due to the use of a simple random number generator which can not be cryptographically secure. The improved security characteristics are provided through Generalized Bernoulli Shift Map, which has a chaotic system with demonstrated security. The algorithm's security is tested by several cryptographic tests and the chaotic system’s behavior is also analyzed.
Structural and Social Inequities Contribute to Pockets of Low Childhood Immunisation in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Thomas Susan , Bolsewicz Katarzyna , Leask Julie , Clark Katrina , Ennis Sonya , Durrheim David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Childhood immunisation is a safe and effective way to protect children and communities from serious diseases. In Australia childhood immunisation is generally well accepted with high coverage rates however pockets of low coverage exist. Five previous studies in New South Wales found that socio-economic disadvantage, gender inequity, health service access barriers and under-utilisation of immunisation data, rather than ideological opposition, contributed to children’s incomplete vaccination. Methods: Common findings across five studies were identified. Literature was reviewed using a number of lenses, underpinned by a social determinants of health framework. The lensed approach allowed further exploration of the impact of financial stress, poor mental health, drug and alcohol problems, domestic violence, assumed gender roles, lack of culturally acceptable health care for Indigenous families, geography and changes to immunisation policies on families and how this may have contributed to pockets of low immunisation coverage. Results: Social and structural inequities were revealed. These often contributed to conflicting priorities that meant children’s immunisations fell behind. Strategies to address inequities may include reorientation of existing community based child health services to include flexible options such as drop in clinics, outreach services, home visiting and ensuring Indigenous families have access to culturally safe and acceptable services. Assistance with transport would further improve access to services. Better use of immunisation data can aid in the identification of pockets of low coverage and monitor and evaluate service effectiveness. Conclusions: Greater awareness of social and structural barriers and their impact on families can inform the design of tailored strategies that address the needs of disadvantaged children and families. Without efforts to overcome the inequities that contribute to low immunisation coverage, the status quo persists, leaving children and communities at risk of vaccine preventable diseases.
Development a Set of 46 SNP Markers for the Yellow Catfish (Tachysurus Fulvidraco)
Authors: Zhou Huaxing , Pan Tingshuang , Wang Huan , Jiang He , Ling Jun , Hu Yuting , Duan Guoqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The whole genome resequencing was used to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers for the yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco). A total of 46 SNP markers were selected from 5550676 genotyping markers which distributed on 26 chromosomes. Of the 46 SNPs analyzed, 35 SNPs conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The observed and expected heterozygosity of these markers ranged from 0.2519 to 0.771 and from 0.265 to 0.5018, respectively. This set of markers will be of great useful for population genetics of the yellow catfish.