bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ko toku reo ko toku ia mana: My language, my identity - The Pacific language nest: How language, culture and traditions are supported and promoted for the Pacific communities of the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors:   , Glasgow Ali 
Published: December 2021

<p>Within the early childhood sector of New Zealand, Pacific language nests have played a pivotal role in promoting Pacific education, language development and building Pacific communities. Pacific Island language nests have emerged as foundational contexts that have facilitated learning, family and community engagement as well as promoting cultural aspirations. This study focusses on the Pacific Nations of the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau Islands; all share the status of New Zealand Realm states, and have languages which are at extreme risk of language death. This research examines the extent to which families and communities engage with the language nests. It investigates challenges that impact on the support and promotion of language, culture and traditions for the Pacific language nest. This study explores practices and processes in the Pacific language nest, and how these practices are evolving and adapting within the contemporary early childhood education sector. Using a combination of Sociocultural and Indigenous theoretical framings, I apply an ethnographic approach to three case study settings. Applying the methods of observation, talanoa (informal group discussion), document, video and audio analysis, and reflective field notes applied in the study, and guidance of a Pacific advisory group I seek out the cultural, social and linguistic conceptualisations and practices that take place in the Cook Islands, Niuean and Tokelauan language nest settings. Findings from this study reveal that Pacific ECE language services are delivering programmes that embrace cultural practices in which children are immersed in culturally and linguistically rich learning environments. Language experiences are varied and designated mat time music and group sessions provide and are utilised for Indigenous language learning opportunities. The language nest provides a hub for the Pacific Island communities and the expertise of the wider family. Intergenerational participation is a significant feature. Grandparents and elders of the community, in particular, maintain a prominent role in the provision of authentic cultural and linguistic programmes for the Pacific nations of the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau islands. The language nest is providing a crucial role in stemming the decreasing use of vernacular language in these nations. This study provides a framing of valuable knowledge that adds to the body of knowledge and provides an in-depth understanding of the Pacific language nests of the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau communities in Aotearoa New Zealand.</p>
Silencing and institutional racism in settler-colonial education
Authors:   , Macdonald Liana 
Published: December 2021

<p>Twenty years ago, Charles Mills argued that a Racial Contract underwrites and guides the social contract and assigns political, economic, and social privileges based on race. This thesis argues that a settler manifestation of the Racial Contract operates through processes and structures of silencing in the New Zealand education system. Silencing is a racial discourse aligned with state ideologies about biculturalism that supports ignorance and denial of the structuring force of colonisation. Within schools, a state narrative of biculturalism advances the notion of harmonious settler-colonial race relations by marginalising or denying violent colonial histories and their consequences in the present. Silencing in the education system is examined through the lived experiences of Māori teachers of English language as they teach New Zealand literature in secondary school classrooms. Interviews with nineteen teachers and observations of four teachers' classroom practices (with follow up interviews from the teachers and some of their students) reveal that everyday classroom interactions perpetuate silencing through a hidden curriculum. This hidden curriculum appeals to settler sensibilities by: drawing on teaching pedagogies that soften or mute historical harm, validating “lovely” knowledge about Māori society and assessment approaches that privilege settler-colonial imperatives. This thesis identifies that harmonious notions of biculturalism circulate through the spatial and temporal dimensions of secondary schools because epistemological structures (policy, curriculum, and pedagogy) silence the meanings and effects of colonisation. In this way, a Settler Contract operates to sustain institutional racism in the New Zealand education system and white supremacy in settler-colonial societies.</p>
Perception of tools for assessing on-farm nutrient losses and mitigation options
Authors:   , Rogers Maggie 
Published: December 2021

<p>This research focuses on the prominent issue of degraded water quality in New Zealand caused by the intensification of agricultural land use, resulting in increased levels of diffuse pollutants such as sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus in waterways (Duncan, 2017). Degraded water quality is a critical issue that needs to be addressed both socially and scientifically. It needs to be addressed socially as human behaviour is influencing this degradation, and the science is needed to further our understanding and implementation of the best mitigation solutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate how information surrounding potential nutrient mitigation measures provided by decision support tools is understood and interpreted by farmers facing tightening environmental regulations and a changing social outlook on environmental sustainability. To achieve this aim, the following activities were conducted: (i) A review of current theories and tools available to understand and encourage pro-environmental behaviour. (ii) A case study using the Land Utilisation Capability Indicator (LUCI) model to determine stakeholder engagement was carried out through interviews with 6 farmers in the Mangatarere Catchment. The review showed that while information alone does not drive behaviour change, it is an essential component that when used in collaboration with other methods and incentives, can be very successful (Kennedy, 2010; Mackenzie-Mohr, 2000; Stern, 2000). From this review a method that was identified as having huge potential in terms of managing water quality was the use of land use models alongside targeted on-farm advice (Bouraoui & Grizzetti, 2014). To understand the stakeholder perception and uptake of the information this method provides a case study was carried out using the LUCI model with 6 farmers in the Mangatarere Catchment. The results showed that LUCI proved to be a valuable tool for both the case study farmers and the wider farming community. Farmer feedback highlighted the importance of ensuring that information provided by such tools is communicated in a consolidated manner. This thesis shows that land use models such as LUCI have the potential to be a beneficial method of engaging stakeholders in prominent issues such as degrading water quality.</p>
Cosmogenic nuclide dating of the sediments of Bulmer Cavern: Implications for the uplift history of southern Northwest Nelson, South Island New Zealand
Authors:   , Holden Gavin 
Published: December 2021

<p>The landscape of Northwest Nelson shows evidence of significant tectonic activity since the inception of the Austro-Pacific plate boundary in the Eocene. Evidence of subsidence followed by rapid uplift from the Eocene to the late Miocene is preserved in the sedimentary basins of Northwest Nelson. However, the effects of erosion mean there is very little evidence of post-Miocene tectonic activity preserved in the Northwest Nelson area. This is a period of particular interest, because it coincides with the onset of rapid uplift along the Alpine Fault, which is located to the south, and the very sparse published data for this period suggest very low uplift rates compared to other areas close to the Alpine Fault. Cosmogenic nuclide burial dating of sediments preserved in Bulmer Cavern, indicate an uplift rate of 0.13mm/a from the mid-Pliocene to the start of the Pleistocene and 0.067mm/a since the start of the Pleistocene. The Pleistocene uplift rate is similar to other published uplift rates for this period from the northern parts of Northwest Nelson, suggesting that the whole of Northwest Nelson has experienced relative tectonic stability compared to other areas close to the Alpine Fault during this period. The mid-Pliocene uplift rate is possibly the first precisely constrained uplift rate in the area for this period, and suggests that there has been a progressive decrease in uplift rates from much higher rates in the late Miocene.</p>
Co-creation experience and foodscape in tourism: A case study of Yogyakarta
Authors:   , Widyanta Andy 
Published: December 2021

<p>Research focusing on co-creation experience in tourism has seen a significant increase in the last decade considering its importance as a basis for experiential value creation and future innovation. Co-creation experience concept is deeply related to food tourism because this type of tourism is about experiencing food and its associations with environments and people. The idea of foodscape is widely used in many studies to understand the connections between food, environments, and people. However, the ideas remain limited to be found in tourism studies in particular food tourism. Thus, investigating the linkage between the concepts of co-creation experience and foodscape is an interesting area of research. As such, this thesis aims to investigate how co-creation experience influences and creates foodscape in a food tourism destination. This research uses Yogyakarta, Indonesia as a basis to explore the construct of foodscape, co-creation tourism experience components that contribute to shaping foodscape, and how these components influence and create foodscape. The literature on food experience in tourism, co-creation experience, food tourism, and foodscape lays the theoretical foundation for this research. This research uses case study methodology and is based on collections of secondary data, observations, and interviews with food tourism suppliers and international tourists. The findings of this study are divided into three key areas. First, this study identifies five foodscape constructs: tangible and intangible environments, social interactions, food quality, price, and divergence. Second, the co-creation experience that shape foodscape is divided into three components: engagement, personalization, and co-production. It finds that these components center on experience environment and experience involvement. Third, this study finds that each co-creation experience components influence and create foodscape through new food offerings inventions, authenticity seeking, and attraction, facilities, and activities. This research contributes to understanding the dynamic nature of foodscape and the components of co-creation experience in the context of food tourism. It also develops our understanding of connections between co-creation experience and foodscape of the food tourism destination. As such, for academia, the research result can be used as a cornerstone for further studies in the related fields. Then, for practitioners, the findings may be useful to manage the construction of foodscape through co-creation experience.</p>
William Colenso’s Māori-English Lexicon
Authors:   , Thompson Darling Charlotte Frances 
Published: December 2021

<p>William Colenso, one of Victorian New Zealand’s most accomplished polymaths, is remembered best as a printer, a defrocked missionary, botanist, and politician. Up till now, his role as a lexicographer has been largely neglected. His major biographies touch only briefly on his attempt to compile a Māori-English dictionary while Colenso himself spent 30 years on this project. His Lexicon, published the year before his death, is only the incomplete letter A of Māori to English and a handful of pages of English to Māori. The neglect by Colenso’s biographers is a surprising omission given the length of time Colenso spent on his Lexicon, the amount of extant material that relates to it, and the richness of the Lexicon itself as a resource. This thesis asks what William Colenso’s Maori-English Lexicon contribute to our understanding of Colenso’s life, and about the history of language in New Zealand? In chapter one, a brief outline of Colenso’s roles as a missionary, a botanist, a school inspector and a politician establish important biographical context for considering his attempt to compile a Lexicon. The main resource drawn upon is the 30 years’ worth of correspondence between Colenso and the New Zealand government relating to the Lexicon, which affords an overview of the project. The Lexicon itself is a rich resource. In chapter two, I have drawn on a methodology suggested by Ogilvie and Coleman in their paper Forensic Lexicography in order to interrogate the Lexicon. Lastly, in chapter three, themes and discourses found in the archive are considered. Examining the Lexicon demonstrates how rich of a resource it is. The findings establish the wealth of information that the Lexicon can contribute to historical lexicography, and the history of linguistics in New Zealand. Colenso is revealed a ‘splitter’ in his lexicography, just as he was in his botany. He overwhelmingly drew on printed sources as citations when compiling his Lexicon, which raises questions about what ‘authority’ means when recording a language with an oral tradition. Te reo Māori was a means for Colenso to access many aspects of te ao Māori. The Lexicon also reveals Colenso as a life-long language learner. The archive reveals Colenso as man deeply anxious about his professional standing. His insistence on what he referred to as fair and reasonable remuneration is an insistence on the worth of his knowledge. This thesis argues that Colenso’s Lexicon is a product of language contact and cultural exchange. And it is a window into Colenso’s life as a man who learnt another language.</p>
Speech Communication from an Information Theoretical Perspective
Authors:   , Van Kuyk Steven 
Published: December 2021

<p>Throughout the last century, models of human speech communication have been proposed by linguists, psychologists, and engineers. Advancements have been made, but a theory of human speech communication that is both comprehensive and quantitative is yet to emerge. This thesis hypothesises that a branch of mathematics known as information theory holds the answer to a more complete theory. Information theory has made fundamental contributions to wireless communications, computer science, statistical inference, cryptography, thermodynamics, and biology. There is no reason that information theory cannot be applied to human speech communication, but thus far, a relatively small effort has been made to do so. The goal of this research was to develop a quantitative model of speech communication that is consistent with our knowledge of linguistics and that is accurate enough to predict the intelligibility of speech signals. Specifically, this thesis focuses on the following research questions: 1) how does the acoustic information rate of speech compare to the lexical information rate of speech? 2) How can information theory be used to predict the intelligibility of speech-based communication systems? 3) How well do competing models of speech communication predict intelligibility? To answer the first research question, novel approaches for estimating the information rate of speech communication are proposed. Unlike existing approaches, the methods proposed in this thesis rely on having a chorus of speech signals where each signal in the chorus contains the same linguistic message, but is spoken by a different talker. The advantage of this approach is that variability inherent in the production of speech can be accounted for. The approach gives an estimate of about 180 b/s. This is three times larger than estimates based on lexical models, but it is an order of magnitude smaller than previous estimates that rely on acoustic signals. To answer the second research question, a novel instrumental intelligibility metric called speech intelligibility in bits (SIIB) and a variant called SIIBGauss are proposed. SIIB is an estimate of the amount of information shared between a talker and a listener in bits per second. Unlike existing intelligibility metrics that are based on information theory, SIIB accounts for talker variability and statistical dependencies between time-frequency units. Finally, to answer the third research question, a comprehensive evaluation of intrusive intelligibility metrics is provided. The results show that SIIB and SIIBGauss have state-of-the-art performance, that intelligibility metrics tend to perform poorly on data sets that were not used during their development, and show the advantage of reducing statistical dependencies between input features.</p>
An analysis of how political governance of liquid fuels contributes to energy security in Papua New Guinea
Authors:   , Hualupmomi Francis 
Published: December 2021

<p>This study examines how political governance of liquid fuels at the institutional level contributes to energy security in Papua New Guinea (PNG) from a political economic perspective. An interpretive methodology and critical case analysis design were used to analyse LNG energy governance regime (policies, legislation, and institutions) and its relationship with energy security. The research design involved analysis of participants’ observations and documents in relation to the critical cases (instances) in the practice of the energy regime under the Somare and O’Neill governments between 2002 and 2017. By using the characteristics of the Quality Energy Governance Framework (QEGF) which emerged from the analysis of the literature on energy governance and energy security, this study shared a new policy insight that energy security is actually created through the interactions that occur between political actors and the institutions and processes of energy governance. The study found that energy governance is a system of interacting institutions, policies and legislation created by the political institutions for the purpose of achieving economic efficiency in order to produce public value. The effective functioning of this system depends on the quality of the political institutions. A strong political institution constructs a quality policy regime which, in turn, translates into operational and adaptive qualities of an energy regime that enhances energy security. Alternatively, where a political institution is weak, the operational and adaptive qualities of the energy governance system are also incrementally diminished, thus generating energy insecurity, which, in turn, affects development outcomes. Accordingly, the study concludes that in PNG the qualities of the energy governance system did not seem to effectively function efficiently as a whole due to the political-economic interests and non-compliance to the institutional qualities. This, in turn, has had the effect of generating energy insecurity rather than enhancing energy security. In effect, the practices associated with the formal governance arrangements have failed to deliver a consistent and predictable governance system for PNG LNG and development outcomes have suffered as a result. The social interaction of political and economic actors and their interests in the energy governance system is complex and quite difficult to predict, resulting in an unstable energy regime. Given the unpredictability of this energy regime, political reform should assume primacy as a first order priority to withstand emerging energy governance issues and challenges that might contribute to energy insecurity.</p>
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Mechatronic Percussion System
Authors:   , Little Trent 
Published: December 2021

<p>While numerous attempts at creating mechatronic percussion systems exist, many have been limited to only playing a single membranophone or idiophone. These systems inherently lack the ability to reproduce the expressive nature of strikes which human players are capable of and often require manual reconfiguration in order to vary the striking location, type of beater or striking angle. The few which are able to pan across multiple instruments often lack the ability to perform expressively. We designed a mechatronic percussion system that provides expressivity through controllable variability of the acoustic properties inherent to percussion instruments. Our system can play across the range of an entire traditional drum kit, whether it is set up in a completely horizontal formation, vertically staggered or includes other percussion instruments. When continuously operating at maximum speed, the system is capable of playing for five hours before one subsystem is at risk of failing. Our system possesses two "wrists", each capable of gripping a variety of beaters. A single wrist can reliably perform single drum strokes at a frequency of 21 Hz, surpassing that of the world's fastest drummer. Operating both wrists results in a striking frequency of 51.9 Hz. The level of force behind each stroke and resultant acoustic quality can be controlled to produce an expressive performance. A unique feature of this system is the use of a compliant grip, applying variable pressure to the beater held and allows for a variety of beater diameters to be incorporated.</p>
The Holocene Glacial History of Dart Glacier, Southern Alps, New Zealand
Authors:   , Dowling Lisa 
Published: December 2021

<p>Mountain glaciers are sensitive climate indicators, as climate variability drives mass changes that are expressed in glacier length fluctuations. These length changes are preserved in the geological record, thus offering the potential to generate new palaeoclimate proxy data that can be used to extend instrumental climate records. This study presents geomorphological mapping and cosmogenic ¹⁰Be surface exposure dating of the Holocene moraines at Dart Glacier, New Zealand. These findings show that an early Holocene advance (~6 km longer than present-day) took place ~7817 ± 336 years ago. Moraine ages also show that a more restricted glacier readvance (~4 km longer than present-day) occurred ~321 ± 44 years ago. Through better constraining the timing and magnitude of Holocene glacier length changes, we extend the ~100-year history of observational records in the upper Dart valley. Net retreat of Dart Glacier during the Holocene is consistent with other moraine chronologies from New Zealand, which supports existing hypotheses that suggest summer insolation was the dominant driver of multi-millennial climate change at southern mid-latitudes during the current interglacial. Individual moraine forming events at Dart Glacier also coincide with moraine ages from several other catchments in the Southern Alps and likely reflect shorter-term (decadal-centennial-scale) climatic changes. The new geological record constraints of length changes at Dart Glacier offer the opportunity to test such hypotheses more formally using physics-based modelling. Connecting Holocene moraine records to historical glacier observations using ¹⁰Be surface exposure dating requires consistently low background levels of this rare isotope. Systematic blank experiments show that concentrated analytical grade hydrofluoric acid and reused beakers are likely the largest contributors of ¹⁰Be to the average process blank in the VUW Cosmogenic Laboratory. Based on these findings I recommend small methodological improvements that could be implemented to lower process blank ratios for routine application of ¹⁰Be surface exposure dating to near-historic glacial landforms.</p>