bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pingo drilling reveals sodium–chloride‐dominated massive ice in Grøndalen, Spitsbergen
Authors: Demidov Vasiliy , Wetterich Sebastian , Demidov Nikita , Schirrmeister Lutz , Verkulich Sergey , Koshurnikov Andrey , Gagarin Vladimir , Ekaykin Aleksey , Terekchov Anton , Veres Arina , Kozachek Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrilling of a 21.8‐m‐deep borehole on top of the 10.5‐m‐high Nori pingo that stands at 32 m asl in Grøndalen Valley (Spitsbergen) revealed a 16.1‐m‐thick massive ice enclosed by frozen sediments. The hydrochemical compositions of both the massive ice and the sediment extract show a prevalence of Na+ and Cl− ions throughout the core. The upper part of the massive ice (stage A) has low mineralization and shows an isotopically closed‐system trend in δ18O and δD isotopes decreasing down‐core. Stage B exhibits high mineralization and an isotopically semi‐open system. The crystallographic structure of Nori pingo’s massive ice provides evidence of several large groundwater intrusions that support the defined formation stages. Analysis of local aquifers leads to suggest that the pingo was hydraulically sourced through a local fault zone by low mineralized sodium–bicarbonate groundwater of a Paleogene strata aquifer. This groundwater was enriched by sodium and chloride ions while filtering through marine valley sediments with residual salinity. The comparison between the sodium–chloride‐dominated massive ice of the Nori pingo and the sodium–bicarbonate‐dominated ice of the adjacent Fili pingo that stands higher up the valley may serve as an indicator for groundwater source patterns of other Nordenskiöld Land pingos.
Real‐world evidence with The Rezūm System: A retrospective study and comparative analysis on the efficacy and safety of 12 month outcomes across a broad range of prostate volumes
Authors: Ines Matthew , Babar Mustufa , Singh Sandeep , Iqbal Nazifa , Ciatto Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo provide 12‐month unbiased outcomes with The Rezūm System (Rezūm), a convective water vapor thermal therapy for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Results from this retrospective, real‐world evidence (RWE) study were compared to those of previous studies with the aim to evaluate the device's safety and efficacy in a real‐world patient population.MethodsPatients 45 years or older with an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) score ≥8, prostate volume (PV) between 20cc and 120cc, who were 12 months posttreatment, and had at least one follow‐up were included. Patients were broken into groups based on baseline PV; 30–80cc, <30cc, and >80cc. IPSS, PV, quality of life (QoL), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), adverse events (AE), postvoid residual, prostate‐specific antigen, BPH medication usage, and International Index of Erectile Function were collected and analyzed at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and/or 12 months.ResultsA total of 179 patients were included in a retrospective study. IPSS, QoL, and Qmax significantly improved at follow‐up time points (p < .05). There were no significant differences at 12 months in IPSS and QoL point reduction or Qmax improvement between the previous studies and any of the RWE groups. BPH medication reduction was seen at 3 months and remained durable up to 12 months. When compared to previous studies, the RWE study had similar rates of urinary retention, urinary tract infection, and dysuria but significantly higher rates of hematuria for the 30–80cc (71.7%), <30cc (58.8%), and >80cc (80.0%) groups (p < .001).ConclusionsThe RWE study shows rapid and durable relief in LUTS, consistent with that observed in literature. Although Rezūm had a reasonably acceptable AEs profile, patients should be counseled preoperatively for AEs. As a first line therapy, Rezūm is an attractive option for men with BPH irrespective of their prostate size.
Development and validation of a predictive model for determining clinically significant prostate cancer in men with negative magnetic resonance imaging after transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhu Yuze , Yao Zichuan , Jiang Yunzhong , Wu Bin , Bai Song 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe interpretation of negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening results for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) (International Society of Urological Pathology grade ≥group 2) is debatable and poses a clinical dilemma for urologists. No nomograms have been developed to predict csPCa in such populations. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a model for predicting the probability of csPCa in men with negative MRI (PI‐RADS score 1–2) results after transrectal ultrasound‐guided systematic prostate biopsy.MethodsThe development cohort consisted of 728 patients with negative MRI results who underwent subsequent prostate biopsy at our center between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2017. The patients' clinicopathologic data were recorded. The Lasso regression was used for data dimension reduction and feature selection, then multivariable binary logistic regression was used to build a predictive model with regression coefficients. The model was validated in an independent cohort of 334 consecutive patients from January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2020. The performance of the predictive model was assessed with respect to discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis.ResultsThe predictors incorporated in this model included age, history of previous negative prostate biopsy, prostate specific antigen density (PSAD), and lower urinary tract symptoms, with PSAD being the strongest predictor. The model showed good discrimination with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.875 (95% confidence interval, 0.816–0.933) and good calibration (unreliability test, p = .540). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model was clinically useful.ConclusionThis study presents a good nomogram that can aid pre‐biopsy risk stratification for the detection of csPCa, and that may help inform biopsy decisions in patients with negative MRI results.
Urban sustainability and the subjective well‐being of migrants: The role of risks, place attachment, and aspirations
Authors: Szaboova Lucy , Safra de Campos Ricardo , Adger W. Neil , Abu Mumuni , Codjoe Samuel Nii Ardey , Franco Gavonel Maria , Das Shouvik , Siddiqui Tasneem , Rocky Mahmudol Hassan , Hazra Sugata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile material conditions of migrant populations on average tend to improve over time as they become established in new destinations, individual trajectories of material and subjective well‐being often diverge. Here, we analyse how social and environmental factors in the urban environment shape the subjective well‐being of migrant populations. We hypothesise these factors to include (a) perceived social and environmental risk, (b) attachment to place, and (c) migrant aspirations. We analyse data from a cross‐sectional survey of 2641 individual migrants in seven cities across Ghana, India, and Bangladesh. The results show that the persistence of inferior material conditions, exposure to environmental hazards, and constrained access to services and employment affect migrants' subjective well‐being. Hence, social and environmental risks constitute urban precarity for migrants whose social vulnerability persist in their destination. Meeting migration‐related aspirations and developing an affinity to urban destinations have the potential to mitigate negative sentiments from perceived risks. These findings have implications for future urban planning and sustainability.
Towards development of a tele‐mentoring framework for minimally invasive surgeries
Authors: Shabir Dehlela , Abdurahiman Nihal , Padhan Jhasketan , Trinh May , Balakrishnan Shidin , Kurer Mohamed , Ali Omar , Al‐Ansari Abdulla , Yaacoub Elias , Deng Zhigang , Erbad Aiman , Mohammed Amr , Navkar Nikhil V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTele‐mentoring facilitates the transfer of surgical knowledge. The objective of this work is to develop a tele‐mentoring framework that enables a specialist surgeon to mentor an operating surgeon by transferring information in a form of surgical instruments' motion required during a minimally invasive surgery.MethodA tele‐mentoring framework is developed to transfer video stream of the surgical field, poses of the scope and port placement from the operating room to a remote location. From the remote location, the motion of virtual surgical instruments augmented onto the surgical field is sent to the operating room.ResultsThe proposed framework is suitable to be integrated with laparoscopic as well as robotic surgeries. It takes on average 1.56 s to send information from the operating room to the remote location and 0.089 s for vice versa over a local area network.ConclusionsThe work demonstrates a tele‐mentoring framework that enables a specialist surgeon to mentor an operating surgeon during a minimally invasive surgery.
Consequences of COVID‐19 pandemic on solid waste management: Scenarios pertaining to developing countries
Authors: Almulhim Abdulaziz I. , Ahmad Imran , Sarkar Silpi , Chavali Murthy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUndoubtedly the most searched and spoken word of last year is coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which initially originated in Wuhan, China near the end of 2019. COVID‐19 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Albeit almost all countries shut down their borders to prevent rapid spread of the virus. However, the number of cases continues to increase in developing countries at a faster rate due to community and cluster transmission. The severity of this epidemic made it a pandemic as it progressed to over 200 countries. The World Health Organization (WHO), governments, and national disease control and prevention units worked together to break the chain and are working to contain the catastrophic impact of COVID‐19. They formulated and recommended various guidelines like social distancing, frequent hand washing, and social distancing to inhibit the spread of the virus. WHO also advised that the general population and medical personnel wear face masks, face shields, gloves, and aprons. As a result, this waste category has substantially increased and, if not disposed of properly, may cause the infection or help to catalyze COVID‐19. In developing countries, poor solid waste management may aggravate chances of spreading COVID‐19. Sustainable solid waste management is a critical parameter for the health, wellbeing, and development of society. The measures adopted to contain and restrict the spread of the COVID‐19 pandemic and minimize the degrees of freedom in commercial events affected solid waste management considerably. During this crucial time, the services provided by waste management agencies and personnel are invaluable and these services help to prevent the improper disposal of waste, which may lead to health risks due to the spread of COVID. COVID‐19 is a new and novel virus and experts are learning more about it overtime and with evolving science. This review paper provides insight into different types of solid wastes generated during the pandemic, their consequences, and the implication of various policies.
Adaptive iterative learning control for discrete‐time nonlinear systems with multiple iteration‐varying high‐order internal models
Authors: Yu Miao , Chai Sheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, an adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) method is designed for a class of parametric discrete‐time nonlinear systems with random initial condition, unknown time‐varying input gain and multiple time‐iteration‐varying factors including multiple unknown time‐iteration‐varying parameters and unknown time‐iteration‐varying external disturbance. The iteration‐varying factors can be generated by virtue of multiple iteration‐varying high‐order internal models, respectively, where iteration‐varying high‐order internal model means it has iteration‐varying order or coefficients. Moreover, the parameter updating law is designed based on the recursive least squares algorithm. Using the designed AILC based on iteration‐varying high‐order internal model, the learning convergence in the iteration domain is guaranteed through rigorous theoretical analysis under Lyapunov theory. Finally, two simulation examples are given to demonstrate that the proposed scheme is effective.
Unveiling Crystal Orientation in Quasi‐2D Perovskite Films by In Situ GIWAXS for High‐Performance Photovoltaics
Authors: Liang Dong , Dong Chong , Cai Lei , Su Zhenhuang , Zang Jiaqing , Wang Chenyue , Wang Xuechun , Zou Yatao , Li Yajuan , Chen Li , Zhang Liujiang , Hong Zhiwei , El‐Shaer Abdelhamid , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Gao Xingyu , Sun Baoquan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskites are enchanting alternative materials for solar cells due to their intrinsic stability. The manipulation of crystal orientation of quasi‐2D perovskites is indispensable to target efficient devices, however, the origin of orientation during the film fabrication process still lacks in‐depth understanding and convincing evidence yet, which hinders further boosting the performance of photovoltaic devices. Herein, the crystallizing processes during spin‐coating and annealing are probed by in situ grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS), and the incident‐angle‐dependent GIWAXS is conducted to unveil the phase distribution in the films. It is found that undesirable lead iodide sol–gel formed intermediate phase would disturb oriented crystalline growth, resulting in random crystal orientation in poor quasi‐2D films. A general strategy is developed via simple additive agent incorporation to suppress the formation of the intermediate phase. Accordingly, highly oriented perovskite films with reduced trap density and higher carrier mobility are obtained, which enables the demonstration of optimized quasi‐2D perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 15.2% as well as improved stability. This work paves a promising way to manipulate the quasi‐2D perovskites nucleation and crystallization processes via tuning nucleation stage.
Effects of stiffeners on the capacities of cold‐formed steel channel members
Authors: Pham Ngoc Hieu , Vu Quoc Anh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of stiffeners on the compressive and flexural capacities of cold‐formed steel channel members. Stiffeners are added on the web of the channel section to form a new section called SupaCee. This new section is shown to be more innovative and stable than the traditional channel section. The structural advantages of this new section are investigated by comparing the capacities of SupaCee and channel members under compression and bending. The capacities are determined by using the direct strength method (DSM) according to AS/NZS 4600:2018 with the support of THIN‐WALL‐2, a buckling analysis program. It was found that the stiffeners are effective for small section dimensions and thicknesses, but become ineffective for large section dimensions.
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: Seroprevalence and its associated risk factors in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia
Authors: Negash Wossene , Dubie Teshager 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn pastoral and lowland areas of the country particularly in Afar region, studies suggested higher prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) than mid and highland agro‐ecologies. Though CBPP is a prime constraint to cattle productivity in the region, research outputs pertaining to CBPP are unavailable compared to highland areas. Thus, the objectives of the current study were to determine seroprevalence of CBPP and assess risk factors in selected districts of Afar region.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on cattle aged 6 months and above from February 2018 to January 2019 in selected districts of the region. A total of 420 blood samples were collected and sera were separated for further serologic analysis. Using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c‐ELISA), antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony (MmmSc) were detected at National Veterinary Institute, Ethiopia. Data were analysed using Stata version 14.0.ResultOf 420 samples tested by c‐ELISA, 158 samples were found to be positive for CBPP providing an overall seroprevalence of 37.6%. Among the three risk factors considered (age, sex and district) assessed, only two (age and district) were found to be associated significantly with the disease (p < 0.05) at 95% CI and p‐value less than 5% applying logistic regression.ConclusionThe study has revealed a higher prevalence of CBPP over the study areas urging a coordinated act to be set in place.
Rare atrioventricular septal defects in veterinary species: Complete atrioventricular septal defect in a dog and double‐outlet right atrium in a cat
Authors: Saunders Rebecca S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCase 1: A 9‐year‐old Yorkshire terrier mix was referred for evaluation of heart failure presumed to be secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease. Case 2: A 6‐year‐old Domestic Longhair cat was referred for evaluation of heart failure presumed to be secondary to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Thoracic radiographs revealed pulmonary overcirculation suggestive of a cardiac shunt in both cases. Echocardiographic findings confirmed the diagnosis of rare atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs): complete AVSD (case 1) and double‐outlet right atrium (case 2). Complete AVSDs are rare congenital cardiac defects in veterinary species that result from inappropriate embryogenesis of the atrioventricular septum. Sequelae include congestive heart failure and possibly shunt reversal due to concomitant pulmonary hypertension. Few veterinary reports describe the natural timeline of this condition and outcomes. This report describes both a dog and cat that presented symptomatic in adulthood, were diagnosed via echocardiography and medically managed long‐term.
Restricted active space configuration interaction methods for strong correlation: Recent developments
Authors: Casanova David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this review we outline the theory and recent progress of the restricted active space configuration interaction (RASCI) methodology within the hole and particle approximation. The RASCI is a single reference approach based on the splitting of the orbital space in different subsets, in which the target CI space is expressed by the concomitant number of electrons and empty orbitals in each subspace. Initially, the method was born as a spin complete version of the spin‐flip ansatz able to deal with any number of unpaired electrons. Since then, the method has experienced several improvements related to its theoretical foundations, its efficient implementation, in the characterization of RASCI wave functions, and in the calculation of molecular properties. It has shown to be especially suitable for the characterization of medium to large molecular diradicals and polyradicals, and to the study of photophysical processes involving open‐shell species and/or multiexcitonic states, like in the singlet fission reaction. But, despite this success, several limitations emerge from the sever truncation of the excitation operator, which might translate into inaccurate relative energies between different regions of the potential energy surface, and overestimated (or underestimated) excitation energies. These errors are associated with the lack of dynamic correlation, which has motivated the development and implementation of various improvements based on multi‐reference perturbation theory and to blend the RASCI wave function with density functional theory through range separation of electron–electron interactions. Finally, we discuss some of the properties available from RASCI wave functions and give potential future developments.This article is categorized under:Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure MethodsSoftware > Quantum ChemistryQuantum Computing > Theory Development
Duality of positive and negative integrable hierarchies via relativistically invariant fields
Authors: Lou S. Y. , Hu X. B. , Liu Q. P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It is shown that the relativistic invariance plays a key role in the study of integrable systems. Using the relativistically invariant sine-Gordon equation, the Tzitzeica equation, the Toda fields and the second heavenly equation as dual relations, some continuous and discrete integrable positive hierarchies such as the potential modified Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy, the potential Fordy-Gibbons hierarchies, the potential dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-like (dKPL) hierarchy, the differential-difference dKPL hierarchy and the second heavenly hierarchies are converted to the integrable negative hierarchies including the sG hierarchy and the Tzitzeica hierarchy, the two-dimensional dispersionless Toda hierarchy, the two-dimensional Toda hierarchies and negative heavenly hierarchy. In (1+1)-dimensional cases the positive/negative hierarchy dualities are guaranteed by the dualities between the recursion operators and their inverses. In (2+1)-dimensional cases, the positive/negative hierarchy dualities are explicitly shown by using the formal series symmetry approach, the mastersymmetry method and the relativistic invariance of the duality relations. For the 4-dimensional heavenly system, the duality problem is studied firstly by formal series symmetry approach. Two elegant commuting recursion operators of the heavenly equation appear naturally from the formal series symmetry approach so that the duality problem can also be studied by means of the recursion operators.
Leading logs in QCD axion effective field theory
Authors: Alonso-Álvarez Gonzalo , Ertas Fatih , Jaeckel Joerg , Kahlhoefer Felix , Thormaehlen Lennert J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The axion is much lighter than all other degrees of freedom introduced by the Peccei-Quinn mechanism to solve the strong CP problem. It is therefore natural to use an effective field theory (EFT) to describe its interactions. Loop processes calculated in the EFT may however explicitly depend on the ultraviolet cutoff. In general, the UV cutoff is not uniquely defined, but the dimensionful couplings suggest to identify it with the Peccei-Quinn symmetry-breaking scale. An example are K+ → π+ + a decays that will soon be tested to improved precision in NA62 and KOTO and whose amplitude is dominated by the term logarithmically dependent on the cutoff. In this paper, we critically examine the adequacy of using such a naive EFT approach to study loop processes by comparing EFT calculations with ones performed in complete QCD axion models. In DFSZ models, for example, the cutoff is found to be set by additional Higgs degrees of freedom and to therefore be much closer to the electroweak scale than to the Peccei-Quinn scale. In fact, there are non-trivial requirements on axion models where the cutoff scale of loop processes is close to the Peccei-Quinn scale, such that the naive EFT result is reproduced. This suggests that the existence of a suitable UV embedding may impose restrictions on axion EFTs. We provide an explicit construction of a model with suitable fermion couplings and find promising prospects for NA62 and IAXO.
Charge-Swapping Q-balls and Their Lifetimes
Authors: Xie Qi-Xin , Saffin Paul M. , Zhou Shuang-Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
For scalar theories accommodating spherically symmetric Q-balls, there are also towers of quasi-stable composite Q-balls, called charge swapping Q-balls (CSQs). We investigate the properties, particularly the lifetimes, of these long-lived CSQs in 2+1D and 3+1D using numerical simulations with efficient second order absorbing boundary conditions. We find that the evolution of a CSQ typically consists of 4 distinct stages: initial relaxation, first plateau (CSQ stage), fast decay and second plateau (oscillon stage). We chart the lifetimes of CSQs for different parameters of the initial conditions and of the potential, and show the attractor behavior and other properties of the CSQs.