bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sparticle spectroscopy and dark matter in a U(1)B−L extension of MSSM
Authors: Ahmed Waqas , Raza Shabbar , Shafi Qaisar , Un Cem Salih , Zhu Bin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe consider a class of SUSY models in which the MSSM gauge group is supplemented with a gauged U(1)B−Lsymmetry and a global U(1)Rsymmetry. This extension introduces only electrically neutral states, and the new SUSY partners effectively double the number of states in the neutralino sector that now includes a blino (fromB − L) and singlino from a gauge singlet superfield. If the DM density is saturated by a LSP neutralino, the model yields quite a rich phenomenology depending on the DM composition. The LSP relic density constraint provides a lower bound on the stop and gluino masses of about 3 TeV and 4 TeV respectively, which is testable in the near future collider experiments such as HL-LHC. The chargino mass lies between 0.24 TeV and about 2.0 TeV, which can be tested based on the allowed decay channels. We also find$$ {m}_{\tilde{\tau}1}\gtrsim $$mτ˜1≳500 GeV, and$$ {m}_{\tilde{e}},{m}_{\tilde{\mu}},{m}_{{\tilde{v}}^{S,P}}\gtrsim $$me˜,mμ˜,mv˜S,P≳1 TeV. We identify chargino-neutralino coannihilation processes in the mass region 0.24 TeV$$ \lesssim {m}_{{\tilde{\upchi}}_1^0}\approx {m}_{{\tilde{\upchi}}_1^{\pm }}\lesssim $$≲mχ˜10≈mχ˜1±≲1.5 TeV, and also coannihilation processes involving stau, selectron, smuon and sneutrinos for masses around 1 TeV. In addition,A2resonance solutions are found around 1 TeV, andH2andH3resonance solutions are also shown around 0.5 TeV and 1 TeV . Some of theA2resonance solutions with tanβ≳ 20 may be tested by theA/H → τ+τ−LHC searches.. While the relic density constraint excludes the bino-like DM, it is still possible to realize higgsino, singlino and blino-like DM for various mass scales. We show that all these solutions will be tested in future direct detection experiments such as LUX-Zeplin and Xenon-nT.
Opening the 1 Hz axion window
Authors: Marsh David J. E. , Yin Wen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An axion-like particle (ALP) with mass mϕ ∼ 10−15 eV oscillates with frequency ∼1 Hz. This mass scale lies in an open window of astrophysical constraints, and appears naturally as a consequence of grand unification (GUT) in string/M-theory. However, with a GUT-scale decay constant such an ALP overcloses the Universe, and cannot solve the strong CP problem. In this paper, we present a two axion model in which the 1 Hz ALP constitutes the entirety of the dark matter (DM) while the QCD axion solves the strong CP problem but contributes negligibly to the DM relic density. The mechanism to achieve the correct relic densities relies on low-scale inflation (mϕ ≲ Hinf ≲ 1 MeV), and we present explicit realisations of such a model. The scale in the axion potential leading to the 1 Hz axion generates a value for the strong CP phase which oscillates around $$ {\overline{\theta}}_{\mathrm{QCD}}\sim {10}^{-12} $$

θ
¯

QCD

∼

10

−
12

, within reach of the proton storage ring electric dipole moment experiment. The 1 Hz axion is also in reach of near future laboratory and astrophysical searches.
Boosting GWs in supersolid inflation
Authors: Celoria Marco , Comelli Denis , Pilo Luigi , Rollo Rocco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInflation driven by a generic self-gravitating medium is an interesting alternative to study the impact of spontaneous spacetime symmetry breaking during a quasi de-Sitter phase, in particular the 4-dimensional diffeomorphism invariance of GR is spontaneously broken down toI SO(3). The effective description is based on four scalar fields that describe the excitations of a supersolid. There are two phonon-like propagating scalar degrees of freedom that mix non-trivially both at early and late times and, after exiting the horizon, give rise to non-trivial correlations among the different scalar power spectra. The non-linear structure of the theory allows a secondary gravitational waves production during inflation, efficient enough to saturate the present experimental bound and with a blue-tilted spectral index.
Patterns of care for prostate cancer radiotherapy—results from a survey among German-speaking radiation oncologists
Authors: Vogel Marco M. E. , Dewes Sabrina , Sage Eva K. , Devecka Michal , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Schiller Kilian , Combs Stephanie E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Emerging moderately hypofractionated and ultra-hypofractionated schemes for radiotherapy (RT) of prostate cancer (PC) have resulted in various treatment options. The aim of this survey was to evaluate recent patterns of care of German-speaking radiation oncologists for RT of PC.

Methods
We developed an online survey which we distributed via e‑mail to all registered members of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO). The survey was completed by 109 participants between March 3 and April 3, 2020. For evaluation of radiation dose, we used the equivalent dose at fractionation of 2 Gy with α/β = 1.5 Gy, equivalent dose (EQD2 [1.5 Gy]).

Results
Median EQD2(1.5 Gy) for definitive RT of the prostate is 77.60 Gy (range: 64.49–84.00) with median single doses (SD) of 2.00 Gy (range: 1.80–3.00), while for postoperative RT of the prostate bed, median EQD2(1.5 Gy) is 66.00 Gy (range: 60.00–74.00) with median SD of 2.00 Gy (range: 1.80–2.00). For definitive RT, the pelvic lymph nodes (LNs) are treated in case of suspect findings in imaging (82.6%) and/or according to risk formulas/tables (78.0%). In the postoperative setting, 78.9% use imaging and 78.0% use the postoperative tumor stage for LN irradiation. In the definitive and postoperative situation, LNs are irradiated with a median EQD2(1.5 Gy) of 47.52 Gy with a range of 42.43–66.00 and 41.76–62.79, respectively.

Conclusion
German-speaking radiation oncologists’ patterns of care for patients with PC are mainly in line with the published data and treatment recommendation guidelines. However, dose prescription is highly heterogenous for RT of the prostate/prostate bed, while the dose to the pelvic LNs is mainly consistent.
Benchmarking of the quantification approaches for the non-targeted screening of micropollutants and their transformation products in groundwater
Authors: Kruve Anneli , Kiefer Karin , Hollender Juliane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA wide range of micropollutants can be monitored with non-targeted screening; however, the quantification of the newly discovered compounds is challenging. Transformation products (TPs) are especially problematic because analytical standards are rarely available. Here, we compared three quantification approaches for non-target compounds that do not require the availability of analytical standards. The comparison is based on a unique set of concentration data for 341 compounds, mainly pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and their TPs in 31 groundwater samples from Switzerland. The best accuracy was observed with the predicted ionization efficiency-based quantification, the mean error of concentration prediction for the groundwater samples was a factor of 1.8, and all of the 74 micropollutants detected in the groundwater were quantified with an error less than a factor of 10. The quantification of TPs with the parent compounds had significantly lower accuracy (mean error of a factor of 3.8) and could only be applied to a fraction of the detected compounds, while the mean performance (mean error of a factor of 3.2) of the closest eluting standard approach was similar to the parent compound approach.
Patient Outcomes Following Emergency Bowel Resection for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Impact of Surgical Subspecialisation in the North of England: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: MacFarlane H. , Baldock T. E. , McLean R. C. , Brown L. R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundManagement of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has changed considerably over recent years, which has coincided with increased subspecialisation amongst general surgeons. This study evaluated the demographics and outcomes of patients with IBD undergoing bowel resection and assessed for the potential impact of surgical subspecialisation.MethodsPatient demographic, operative and outcome data were collected for patients undergoing a bowel resection secondary to IBD, admitted acutely to NHS trusts in the North of England between 2002 and 2016. The primary outcome of interest was 30‐day post‐operative mortality, with secondary outcomes: length of stay, stoma and anastomosis rates.ResultsA total of 913 patients were included in the study cohort. A reduction in the number of resections was noted over time (2002–2006: 361 vs. 2012–2016: 262). No change was observed for 30‐day mortality over the study period (3.9%, p = 0.233). Length of stay was also unchanged (p = 0.949). Laparoscopic surgery was increasingly utilised (0.6% vs. 17.2%, p < 0.001) in recent years, and by colorectal subspecialists (p = 0.003). More patients were managed by a colorectal consultant latterly (2002–2006: 45.4% vs. 2012–2016: 63.7%, p < 0.001). There was no difference between colorectal and other subspecialists in mortality (p = 0.156), length of stay (p = 0.201), stoma (p = 0.629) or anastomosis (p = 0.659) rates, including following multivariable adjustment.ConclusionThe study demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of resections over time, increased utilisation of a laparoscopic approach and a shift towards the care of IBD surgical patients being by a colorectal subspecialist. However, these changes do not correspond with improved surgical outcomes.
Laparoscopic Versus Open Re‐operations Within 30 Days After Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery: a Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Deretti Sona , Mongelli Francesco , Staccini Giulia , Murgante Nicole , Majno‐Hurst Pietro , Christoforidis Dimitri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRe‐operations within 30 days after lower gastrointestinal tract surgery are associated to high morbidity and mortality. Laparoscopic approach has been reported as feasible and safe in selected patients, but comparative data to laparotomy are scarce. The aim of this study was to review our experience in laparoscopic re‐operations and compare it to laparotomy.MethodsFrom January 2012 to December 2016, patients undergoing a re‐operation within one month after lower gastrointestinal tract surgery were included and divided into laparoscopy and laparotomy groups. The primary endpoint was successful re‐operation, defined as recovery without any of the following: conversion to laparotomy, need of further invasive treatments or death. Secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay and 30‐day morbidity and mortality. Demographic, clinical and surgical characteristics were collected and analyzed.ResultsOut of 114 patients who underwent a re‐operation, 71 met the inclusion criteria. Thirty (42%) patients underwent laparoscopy and 41 (58%) laparotomy. Thirty (42%) patients were male and median age was 72.0 years‐old. The initial operation was elective in 24 (34%) patients, and 50% of the initial operations were colorectal resections in both groups. Multivariate analyses showed that type of approach did not affect the re‐operation success rate. Laparotomy was an independent predictor of prolonged hospital stay (OR 3.582, 95%CI 1.191–10.776, p = 0.023) and mortality (OR 13.123, 95%CI 1.301–131.579, p = 0.029).ConclusionsRe‐operations within 30 days after lower gastrointestinal tract surgery may be safe in selected patients, as effective as laparotomy, and associated with shorter hospital stay and lower mortality rates.
Functional properties of insect olfactory receptors: ionotropic receptors and odorant receptors
Authors: Wicher Dieter , Miazzi Fabio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe majority of insect olfactory receptors belong to two distinct protein families, the ionotropic receptors (IRs), which are related to the ionotropic glutamate receptor family, and the odorant receptors (ORs), which evolved from the gustatory receptor family. Both receptor types assemble to heteromeric ligand-gated cation channels composed of odor-specific receptor proteins and co-receptor proteins. We here present in short the current view on evolution, function, and regulation of IRs and ORs. Special attention is given on how their functional properties can meet the environmental and ecological challenges an insect has to face.
Ethische Herausforderungen in der forensischen Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie. Eine qualitative Beobachtungsstudie und ein Instrument zur Früherkennung und Frühintervention
Authors: Schürmann Jan , Mühleck Mara , Perler Christian , Schmeck Klaus , Reiter-Theil Stella 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie forensische Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie steht in einem komplexen Spannungsfeld medizinischer, rechtlicher und sozialer Anforderungen. Die ethischen Herausforderungen, die sich daraus für den stationären Maßnahmenvollzug ergeben, sind bisher kaum untersucht, spezifische Hilfestellungen für Behandelnde fehlen. Diese Studie hat zum Ziel, ethische Themenfelder und Probleme in diesem Bereich zu identifizieren und ein Instrument zur Früherkennung und -intervention ethischer Probleme im Klinikalltag zu entwickeln. Methode: Eine systematische Literaturrecherche sowie eine Beobachtungstudie in der Jugendforensik der Universitären Psychiatrischen Kliniken Basel werden durchgeführt. Die Beobachtungsdaten werden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Das Instrument wird auf der Basis der Resultate nach einer neuen Methode entwickelt. In der Literaturrecherche wurden 14 valide Publikationen identifiziert, die hauptsächlich ethische Probleme der Gerichtspsychiatrie thematisieren wie professionelle Rollenkonflikte, ethische Probleme der Diagnostik und Begutachtung oder der Umgang mit vertraulichen Informationen. Empirische oder empirisch-normative Studien fehlen. In der Beobachtungsstudie wurden 24 ethische Themen und spezifische Probleme identifiziert, besonders häufig sind ethische Fragen zu Moralkompetenzen der Jugendlichen, zur Behandlungsqualität, zum Umgang mit Regeln und Sanktionen und zur Freiheits- und Privatsphäre. Das Instrument zur Früherkennung und -intervention ethischer Probleme (FIEP) enthält die vier Kernelemente Risikofaktoren, Indikatoren, Interventionsplanung und Entscheidungsfindung. Der Maßnahmenvollzug der forensischen Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie offenbart ein breites Spektrum ethischer Themen mit spezifischen ethischen Problemen, welche in der Literatur bisher nur unzureichend untersucht sind. Das hier entwickelte Instrument FIEP unterstützt Behandelnde dabei, ethische Probleme frühzeitig zu erkennen und effizient zu bearbeiten.
Voltammetric sensor based on long alkyl chain tetraalkylammonium ionic liquids comprising ascorbate anion for determination of nitrite
Authors: Rębiś Tomasz , Niemczak Michał , Płócienniczak Patrycja , Pernak Juliusz , Milczarek Grzegorz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor was fabricated utilizing ionic liquids possessing cations with long alkyl chains such as trimethyl octadecylammonium and behenyl trimethylammonium and ascorbate anion. The ionic liquids were drop-coated onto the electrode. Thin modifying layers were prepared. Cyclic voltammetric investigations revealed electrostatic interactions between the electrochemical probes and the modified surface, proving that a positive charge was established at the film surface. Hence, negatively charged species such as nitrite can be pre-concentrated on the surface of presented modified electrodes. The fabricated electrodes have been used as a voltammetric sensor for nitrite. Due to the electrostatic accumulation properties of long alkyl cation, the assay exhibits a remarkable improvement in the voltammetric response toward nitrite oxidation. The influence of pH on the electrode response was thoroughly investigated, and the mechanism of the electrode was established. The developed sensor showed a linear electrochemical response in the range 1.0–50 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. The electrode revealed good storage stability, reproducibility, and anti-interference ability. The determination of nitrite performed in curing salts brought satisfactory results.Graphical abstract
Effects of flowable liners on the shrinkage vectors of bulk-fill composites
Authors: Kaisarly Dalia , Meierhofer D. , El Gezawi M. , Rösch P. , Kunzelmann K.H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This investigation evaluated the effect of flowable liners beneath a composite restoration applied via different methods on the pattern of shrinkage vectors.

Methods
Forty molars were divided into five groups (n = 8), and cylindrical cavities were prepared and bonded with a self-etch adhesive (AdheSe). Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TBF) was used as the filling material in all cavities. The flowable liners Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill (TEF) and SDR were used to line the cavity floor. In gp1-TBF, the flowable composite was not used. TEF was applied in a thin layer in gp2-fl/TEF + TBF and gp3-fl/TEF + TBFincremental. Two flowable composites with a layer thickness of 2 mm were compared in gp4-fl/TEF + TBF and gp5-fl/SDR + TBF. TEF and SDR were mixed with radiolucent glass beads, while air bubbles inherently present in TBF served as markers. Each material application was scanned twice by micro-computed tomography before and after light curing. Scans were subjected to image segmentation for calculation of the shrinkage vectors.

Results
The absence of a flowable liner resulted in the greatest shrinkage vectors. A thin flowable liner (gp2-fl/TEF + TBFbulk) resulted in larger overall shrinkage vectors for the whole restoration than a thick flowable liner (gp4-fl/TEF + TBF). A thin flowable liner and incremental application (gp3-fl/TEF + TBFincremental) yielded the smallest shrinkage vectors. SDR yielded slightly smaller shrinkage vectors for the whole restoration than that observed in gp4-fl/TEF + TBF.

Conclusions
Thick flowable liner layers had a more pronounced stress-relieving effect than thin layers regardless of the flowable liner type.

Clinical relevance
It is recommended to apply a flowable liner (thin or thick) beneath bulk-fill composites, preferably incrementally.
Systematic review of brain arteriovenous malformation grading systems evaluating microsurgical treatment recommendation
Authors: Grüter Basil E. , Sun Wenhua , Fierstra Jorn , Regli Luca , Germans Menno R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen evaluating brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) for microsurgical resection, the natural history of bAVM rupture must be balanced against the perioperative risks. It is therefore adamant to have a reliable surgical grading system, balancing these important factors. This study systematically reviews the literature in order to identify and assess the quality of grading systems with regard to microsurgical bAVM treatment. A systematic literature review was performed to provide an overview of all available bAVM grading systems relevant for microsurgical treatment evaluation and to assess the most comprehensive grading system specifically for each subgroup of bAVM (i.e., unruptured, ruptured, and posterior fossa). Screening of 865 papers revealed thirteen grading systems for bAVM microsurgical risk stratification. Among them, two systems were specifically developed for ruptured bAVM and one specifically for posterior fossa bAVM. With one system being fundamentally different for supratentorial bAVM, the remaining nine systems used the same parameters: “size,” “eloquence,” “venous drainage,” “arterial feeders,” “age,” “nidus compactness,” and “hemorrhagic presentation”. This study provides a comprehensive overview of all available bAVM grading systems relevant for surgical risk stratification. Furthermore, in the absence of a universal system appropriate to score all bAVMs, a workflow for selection of the best applicable scoring system in accordance with bAVM subgroups is presented.
Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery—will robotic surgery be the future?
Authors: Dittrich Luca , Biebl Matthias , Malinka Thomas , Knoop Michael , Pratschke Johann 
Published: January 2021

SummaryDue to the complexity of the procedures and the texture of the organ itself, pancreatic surgery remains a challenge in the field of visceral surgery. During the past decade, a minimally invasive approach to pancreatic surgery has gained distribution in clinical routine, extending from left-sided procedures to pancreatic head resections. While a laparoscopic approach has proven beneficial for many patients with left-sided pancreatic pathologies, the complex reconstruction in pancreas head resections remains worrisome with the laparoscopic approach. The robotic technique was established to overcome such technical constraints while preserving the advantages of the laparoscopic approach. Even though robotic systems are still in development, especially in pancreatoduodenectomy, the current literature demonstrates the feasibility of this approach and stable clinical and oncological outcomes compared to the open technique, albeit only under the condition of such operations being performed by specialist teams in a high-volume setting (>20 robotic pancreaticoduodenectomies per year). The aim of this review is to analyze the current evidence regarding a minimally invasive approach to pancreatic surgery and to review the potential of a robotic approach. Presently, there is still a scarcity of sound evidence and long-term oncological data regarding the role of minimally invasive and robotic pancreatic surgery in the literature, especially in the setting of pancreaticoduodenectomy.
An integrated fuzzy intuitionistic sustainability assessment framework for manufacturing supply chain: a study of UK based firms
Authors: Choudhary Alok , De Arijit , Ahmed Karim , Shankar Ravi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe increasing importance of sustainability has put pressure on organisations to assess their supply chain sustainability performance, which requires a holistic set of key performance indicators (KPIs) related to strategic, tactical and operational decision making of firms. This paper presents a comprehensive set of KPIs for sustainable supply chain management using a mixed method approach including analysing data from the literature survey, content analysis of sustainability reports of manufacturing firms and expert interviews. A 3-level hierarchical model is developed by classifying the identified KPIs into key sustainability dimensions as well as key supply chain decision-making areas including strategic, tactical and operational. A novel multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) based sustainability assessment framework is proposed. The proposed framework integrates value focussed thinking (VFT), intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and IF Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods. The novelty of the research lies in (1) using a rigorous mixed method approach for KPIs identification and industrial validation (2) the development of a novel integrated intuitionistic sustainability assessment framework for decision making and (3) the innovative application of the proposed framework and associated methodologies in the context not explored before. The practical data on the performance ratings of various KPIs were obtained from the experts and a novel intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS was applied to benchmark the organisations for their sustainability performance. Furthermore, the case study shows the applicability of the proposed framework to evaluate and identify the problem areas of the organisations and yield guidance on KPIs by recognising the most significant areas requiring improvement. This research contributes to the practical implication by providing an innovative sustainability assessment framework for supply chain managers to evaluate and manage sustainability performance by making informed decisions related to KPIs.