bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective estrogen receptor modulator, tamoxifen, inhibits Zika virus infection
Authors: Grady Scott F. , Pinto Amelia K. , Hassert Mariah , D'Angelo June A. , Brien James D. , Arnatt Christopher K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus belonging to the flaviviridae family with a risk assessment that has been increasing in recent years and was labeled a global health emergency by the World Health Organization in 2016. There are currently no Food and Drug Administration‐approved treatment options available for ZIKV, so expeditious development of treatment options is urgent. To expedite this process, an on‐market drug, tamoxifen (TAM), was selected as a promising candidate for repurposing due to its wide range of biological activities and because it has already been shown to possess activity against hepatitis C virus, a flavivirus in a separate genus. Anti‐ZIKV activity of TAM was assessed by compound screens using an infectious virus and mechanistic details were gleaned from time of addition and virucidal studies. TAM and an active metabolite, 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (TAM‐OH), both showed promising antiviral activity (EC50 ≈9 and 5 µM, respectively) in initial compound screening and up to 8‐h postinfection, though the virucidal assay indicated that they do not possess any direct virucidal activity. Additionally, TAM was assessed for its activity against ZIKV in the human male germ cell line, SEM‐1, due to the sexually transmitted nature of ZIKV owing to its extended survival times in germ cells. Virus titers show diminished replication of ZIKV over 7 days compared to controls. These data indicate that TAM has the potential to be repurposed as an anti‐ZIKV therapeutic and warrants further investigation.
The dynamics of quantitative SARS‐CoV‐2 antispike IgG response to BNT162b2 vaccination
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Kurosaki Masayuki , Sugiyama Toru , Takahashi Yuka , Yamaguchi Yoshimi , Nagasawa Masayuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVaccination for SARS‐CoV‐2 is necessary to overcome coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, the time‐dependent vaccine‐induced immune response is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 antispike immunoglobulin G (IgG) response. Medical staff participants who received two sequential doses of the BNT162b2 vaccination on days 0 and 21 were recruited prospectively from the Musashino Red Cross Hospital between March and May 2021. The quantitative antispike receptor‐binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody responses were measured using the Abbott SARS‐CoV‐2 IgGII Quant assay (cut off ≥50 AU/ml). A total of 59 participants without past COVID‐19 history were continuously tracked with serum samples. The median age was 41 (22–75) years, and 14 participants were male (23.7%). The median antispike RBD IgG and seropositivity rates were 0 (0–31.1) AU/ml, 0.3 (0–39.5) AU/ml, 529.1 (48.3–8711.4) AU/ml, 18,836.9 (742.2–57,260.4) AU/ml, and 0%, 0%, 98.3%, and 100% on days 0, 3, 14, and 28 after the first vaccination, respectively. The antispike RBD IgG levels were significantly increased after day 14 from vaccination (p < 0.001) The BNT162b2 vaccination led almost all participants to obtain serum antispike RBD IgG 14 days after the first dose.
Critical roles of cytokine storm and secondary bacterial infection in acute kidney injury development in COVID‐19: A multi‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Xia‐Qing , Liu Han , Meng Yu , Yin Hai‐Yan , Gao Wen‐Yong , Yang Xiao , Xu Dian‐Shuang , Cai Xing‐Dong , Guan Yin , Lerman Lilach O. , Peng Zhi‐Yong , Zhou Hou‐Rong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) may develop in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and is associated with in‐hospital death. We investigated the incidence of AKI in 223 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients and analyzed the influence factors of AKI. The incidence of cytokine storm syndrome and its correlation with other clinicopathologic variables were also investigated. We retrospectively enrolled adult patients with virologically confirmed COVID‐19 who were hospitalized at three hospitals in Wuhan and Guizhou, China between February 13, 2020, and April 8, 2020. We included 124 patients with moderate COVID‐19 and 99 with severe COVID‐19. AKI was present in 35 (15.7%) patients. The incidence of AKI was 30.3% for severe COVID‐19 and 4.0% for moderate COVID‐19 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, cytokine storm was found in 30 (13.5%) patients and only found in the severe group. Kidney injury at admission (odds ratio [OR]: 3.132, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.150–8.527; p = 0.025), cytokine storm (OR: 4.234, 95% CI: 1.361–13.171; p = 0.013), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (OR: 7.684, 95% CI: 2.622–22.523; p < 0.001) were influence factors of AKI. Seventeen (48.6%) patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation developed AKI, of whom 64.7% (11/17) died. Up to 86.7% of AKI patients with cytokine storms may develop a secondary bacterial infection. The leukocyte counts were significantly higher in AKI patients with cytokine storm than in those without (13.0 × 10⁹/L, interquartile range [IQR] 11.3 vs. 8.3 × 10⁹/L, IQR 7.5, p = 0.005). Approximately 1/6 patients with COVID‐19 eventually develop AKI. Kidney injury at admission, cytokine storm and ARDS are influence factors of AKI. Cytokine storm and secondary bacterial infections may be responsible for AKI development in COVID‐19 patients.
SARS‐CoV‐2 R.1 lineage variants that prevailed in Tokyo in March 2021
Authors: Nagano Katsutoshi , Tani‐Sassa Chihiro , Iwasaki Yumi , Takatsuki Yuna , Yuasa Sonoka , Takahashi Yuta , Nakajima Jun , Sonobe Kazunari , Ichimura Naoya , Nukui Yoko , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Tanimoto Kousuke , Tanaka Yukie , Kimura Akinori , Tohda Shuji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants, such as B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, has become a crucial issue worldwide. Therefore, we began testing all patients with COVID‐19 for the N501Y and E484K mutations by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methods. Nasopharyngeal swab samples from 108 patients who visited our hospital between February and April 2021 were analyzed. The samples were analyzed using reverse transcription‐PCR with melting curve analysis to detect the N501Y and E484K mutations. A part of the samples was also subjected to whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). Clinical parameters such as mortality and admission to the intensive care unit were analyzed to examine the association between increased disease severity and the E484K mutation. The ratio of cases showing the 501N + 484K mutation rapidly increased from 8% in February to 46% in March. WGS revealed that the viruses with 501N + 484K mutation are R.1 lineage variants. Evidence of increased disease severity related to the R.1 variants was not found. We found that the R.1 lineage variants rapidly prevailed in Tokyo in March 2021, which suggests the increased transmissibility of R.1 variants, while they showed no increased severity.
Association between grade brain tumors and the interleukin‐10 receptor subunit alpha based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis
Authors: Kowalska Aneta Aniela , Czaplicka Marta , Nowicka Ariadna B. , Niciński Krzysztof , Piotrowska Aleksandra , Kamińska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present herein a label‐free method based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) that was performed using a silicon‐based SERS platform. The differentiation between primary and secondary brain tumors SERS data was completed partial least squares (PLS) method with a very high 85% of accuracy (in only first and second factors), whereas calculated using principal component analysis (PCA) method gives 74% (in two consecutive components). Additionally, due to the fact that the interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) cytokine receptor may act in cancer as both an immunosuppressive and an immunostimulant factor, the correlation between the tumor grading and the cytokine receptor are presented. Obtained data indicate that the function of IL‐10 cytokine receptor subunit alpha most probably depends or is closely related to the tumor stage.
Changes in the activity of flavanone 3β‐hydroxylase in blueberry fruit during storage in ozone‐enriched atmosphere
Authors: Piechowiak Tomasz , Skóra Bartosz , Sowa Patrycja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to determine whether the ozonation process affects the flavonoid biosynthesis in highbush blueberry (Vaccinum corymbosum L.) fruit. Flavanone 3β‐hydroxylase (F3H) was used as a marker of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The activity of F3H, the expression of gene encoding F3H and the antioxidant status in blueberries treated with ozone at a concentration of 15 ppm for 30 min, every 12 h of storage, and maintained at 4 °C for 4 weeks were investigated.RESULTSThe results showed that ozonation process increases the expression of the F3H gene after 1 week of storage, which translates into a higher catalytic capacity of protein, as well as a higher content of flavonoids and total antioxidant potential of ozonated blueberries compared to non‐ozonated fruits.CONCLUSIONThe present study provides experimental evidence indicating that ozone treatment in proposed process conditions positively affects flavonoid metabolism in highbush blueberry fruit leading to the maintainance of the high quality of the fruit during storage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
An Analysis of Tracheostomy Complications in Pediatric Patients With Scoliosis
Authors: Appachi Swathi , Marcet‐Gonzalez Jessie , Brown Jennifer N. , Ongkasuwan Julina , Lambert Elton M. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze tracheostomy‐related complications in pediatric patients with scoliosis.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsA retrospective chart review of all patients with tracheostomy and scoliosis was performed at a single institution. The charts were reviewed for variables including difficulties with tracheostomy tube changes, poor positioning of tube, abnormal appearance of trachea, and emergency room visits and admissions for complications. Decannulation rates were also identified.ResultsAbout 102 patients met inclusion criteria, 96 (94.1%) had scoliosis involving the thoracic spine, and 4 had scoliosis involving the cervical spine; 13 (12.8%) patients had documented poor positioning on tracheoscopy; 31 patients (30.3%) had at least one emergency room visit or admission for complications, such as accidental decannulation or bleeding from the tracheostomy; 19 (18.6%) patients required at least one tube change due to poor positioning, with 7 (6.9%) requiring multiple changes; 18 (17.7%) had reported difficulties with home tube changes. Custom length tubes were required in 9 patients (8.8%). The level of scoliosis was not associated with any of these complications. Abnormalities of the trachea, such as tortuosity, obstructive granulomas, or tracheomalacia, were seen in 35 patients (34.3%) on bronchoscopy. Scoliosis repair was performed in 18 patients (17.65%), of which two achieved decannulation. Ten patients (9.8%) overall were decannulated.ConclusionA portion of patients with scoliosis who are tracheostomy‐dependent have anatomical abnormalities of the trachea and poor positioning of the tracheostomy tube. Decannulation rates are also lower in this population compared to the literature. Further work is required to elucidate if scoliosis predisposes patients toward tracheostomy‐related complications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:944–948, 2022
Long‐termwater color and flow trends in the Mississippi River Headwaters, 1944–2010
Authors: Germolus Noah P. , Brezonik Patrick L. , Hozalski Raymond M. , Finlay Jacques C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntensification of brown color in surface waters has been observed over several decades in many areas. We examined a 64‐yr daily record (1947–2010) of visual water color, a measure of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), in the Mississippi River at Minneapolis, Minnesota. Although no monotonic trends in daily or mean annual color were evident, our analyses revealed trends in seasonal metrics, for example, mean winter color, on decadal scales related to changes in flow (hence climatic conditions). A pattern of high color (CDOM) in late spring and summer, corresponding with higher flow, was found across the period. Daily flow accounted for ~ 50% of the variance in color, and a lag of four days was found between peak responses of flow and color, supporting a CDOM source from wetlands in northern parts of the basin. The slope of the color‐flow relationship increased over the 64 yr, driven by increased CDOM flushing in late summer‐early fall. Based on trends in seasonally aggregated color and discharge, minimum and mean color and flow increased during winter over the 64 yr, potentially due to higher temperatures. Summer months did not show increases, but color became less variable. As a result, the color difference between summer and winter became smaller over the study period. During high flow events (ice‐out or high precipitation), some hysteretic color patterns were observed consistent with observations on other large rivers. Our results indicate that long‐term color (CDOM) trends in the Mississippi Headwaters reach are related to seasonally dominant changes in climatic conditions.
How does money phrasing influence intention to donate: The role of construal level and fit
Authors: Gu Yu , Chen Rong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCharitable causes and monetary donation requests are two indispensable components of fundraising messages. A wealth of research focused on the effect of charitable cause phrasing on donation. However, few researchers explored the phrasing of monetary donation requests associated. Since past research suggested that different money phrasing could activate different construal levels, we propose that if the construal levels activated by charitable cause and money phrasing are aligned (misaligned), charitable giving intentions and amount may increase (decrease). In a series of six studies, we adopt various manipulations of charitable cause phrasing and monetary donation request phrasing, examine different donation targets, and measure donation intentions and amount. We verified the proposed fit effect that if participants encountered low construal level charitable causes, they would engage in higher donation intentions when the monetary donation request phrasing triggers a concrete mindset (i.e., a specific amount of money with specific usage) rather than an abstract mindset (i.e., a specific amount of money), while if they encountered high construal level charitable causes, this impact reversed.
Human versus chatbot: Understanding the role of emotion in health marketing communication for vaccines
Authors: Tsai Wan‐Hsiu Sunny , Lun Di , Carcioppolo Nicholas , Chuan Ching‐Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBased on the theoretical framework of agency effect, this study examined the role of affect in influencing the effects of chatbot versus human brand representatives in the context of health marketing communication about HPV vaccines. We conducted a 2 (perceived agency: chatbot vs. human) × 3 (affect elicitation: embarrassment, anger, neutral) between‐subject lab experiment with 142 participants, who were randomly assigned to interact with either a perceived chatbot or a human representative. Key findings from self‐reported and behavioral data highlight the complexity of consumer–chatbot communication. Specifically, participants reported lower interaction satisfaction with the chatbot than with the human representative when anger was evoked. However, participants were more likely to disclose concerns of HPV risks and provide more elaborate answers to the perceived human representative when embarrassment was elicited. Overall, the chatbot performed comparably to the human representative in terms of perceived usefulness and influence over participants' compliance intention in all emotional contexts. The findings complement the Computers as Social Actors paradigm and offer strategic guidelines to capitalize on the relative advantages of chatbot versus human representatives.
A high gain solar cell aperture‐coupled patch antenna based on substrate‐integrated suspended line platform for 5G application
Authors: Yan Ningning , Ji Chuansheng , Luo Yu , Ma Kaixue 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aperture‐coupled patch antenna integrated with the amorphous silicon solar cell based on the substrate‐integrated suspended line platform is presented in this letter. The antenna patch on G1 layer is used as the cathode of amorphous silicon cell and the 1 × 2 array antenna is proposed based on the unit. The solar cell antenna operating from 4.67 to 5.17 GHz has the characteristic of high gain, which is achieved by air coupling to reduce loss. The gain of the unit and array is 9.21 and 11.92 dBi, respectively. In addition, the results of the antennas with and without solar cells are little different.
Dosimetry on first clinical dark‐field chest radiography
Authors: Frank Manuela , Urban Theresa , Willer Konstantin , Noichl Wolfgang , De Marco Fabio , Schick Rafael , Gleich Bernhard , Schegerer Alexander , Lechel Ursula , Meyer Pascal , Mohr Juergen , Koehler Thomas , Yaroshenko Andre , Maack Ingo , Pralow Thomas , Proksa Roland , Renger Bernhard , Noël Peter , Fingerle Alexander , Pfeiffer Daniela , Rummeny Ernst , Herzen Julia , Pfeiffer Franz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose characteristic for patient examinations at the first clinical X‐ray dark‐field chest radiography system and to determine whether the effective patient dose is within a clinically acceptable dose range.MethodsA clinical setup for grating‐based dark‐field chest radiography was constructed and commissioned, operating at a tube voltage of 70 kVp. Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements were conducted using an anthropomorphic phantom modeling the reference person to obtain a conversion coefficient relating dose area product (DAP) to effective patient dose at the dark‐field system. For 92 patients, the DAP values for posterior–anterior measurements were collected at the dark‐field system. Using the previously determined conversion coefficient, the effective dose was calculated.ResultsA reference person, modeled by an anthropomorphic phantom, receives an effective dose of 35 µSv. For the examined patients, a mean effective dose of 39 µSv was found.ConclusionsThe effective dose at the clinical dark‐field radiography system, generating both attenuation and dark‐field images, is within the range of reported standard dose values for chest radiography.
Understanding peer mentorship in supporting self‐management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: A qualitative study of mentees' perspectives
Authors: Lavender Elizabeth C. , Anderson Anna M. , Dusabe‐Richards Esther , Antcliff Deborah , Kingsbury Sarah R. , Conaghan Philip G. , McHugh Gretl A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) are common musculoskeletal conditions. Treatment is usually conservative, making self‐management a priority. We developed and trialled an OA peer mentorship intervention to support self‐management in older people. Our objectives were to gain understanding of the perceived challenges of living with OA and explore how a peer mentorship intervention can support tackling these challenges; and to explore mentees' experiences of receiving the intervention to understand how this affected their OA self‐management.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured interviews focussing on acceptability and feasibility of being in the study were conducted with mentees. Transcribed interviews were double coded and subject to framework analysis. To address the objectives of this paper, three main themes were subject to focused analysis: mentees' experiences of OA, experience of peer mentorship support and factors influencing self‐management.ResultsSeventeen mentees participated in an interview following completion of the peer support intervention. Themes emerging from focused analysis were the following: tackling the challenges of living with OA pre‐ and post‐intervention; and the interplay of the peer mentorship intervention and self‐management. Key elements of the latter theme are enabling factors provided by peer mentorship, and mentees' readiness to self‐manage.ConclusionTo effectively support OA self‐management, peer mentorship interventions should include core educational components and focus on strategies that enhance key enablers of self‐management. Paying attention to the mentor–mentee relationship and timing of intervention engagement can maximise opportunities for older people to adjust and transition from supported to independent self‐management.
The denatured state of HIV‐1 protease under native conditions
Authors: Rösner Heike I. , Caldarini Martina , Potel Gregory , Malmodin Daniel , Vanoni Maria A. , Aliverti Alessandro , Broglia Ricardo A. , Kragelund Birthe B. , Tiana Guido 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe denatured state of several proteins has been shown to display transient structures that are relevant for folding, stability, and aggregation. To detect them by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the denatured state must be stabilized by chemical agents or changes in temperature. This makes the environment different from that experienced in biologically relevant processes. Using high‐resolution heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy, we have characterized several denatured states of a monomeric variant of HIV‐1 protease, which is natively structured in water, induced by different concentrations of urea, guanidinium chloride, and acetic acid. We have extrapolated the chemical shifts and the relaxation parameters to the denaturant‐free denatured state at native conditions, showing that they converge to the same values. Subsequently, we characterized the conformational properties of this biologically relevant denatured state under native conditions by advanced molecular dynamics simulations and validated the results by comparison to experimental data. We show that the denatured state of HIV‐1 protease under native conditions displays rich patterns of transient native and non‐native structures, which could be of relevance to its guidance through a complex folding process.
Multistate model for pharmacometric analyses of overall survival in HER2‐negative breast cancer patients treated with docetaxel
Authors: Krishnan Sreenath M. , Friberg Lena E. , Bruno René , Beyer Ulrich , Jin Jin Y. , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a multistate model for overall survival (OS) analysis, based on parametric hazard functions and combined with an investigation of predictors derived from a longitudinal tumor size model on the transition hazards. Different states – stable disease, tumor response, progression, second‐line treatment, and death following docetaxel treatment initiation (stable state) in patients with HER2‐negative breast cancer (n = 183) were used in model building. Past changes in tumor size prospectively predicts the probability of state changes. The hazard of death after progression was lower for subjects who had longer treatment response (i.e., longer time‐to‐progression). Young age increased the probability of receiving second‐line treatment. The developed multistate model adequately described the transitions between different states and jointly the overall event and survival data. The multistate model allows for simultaneous estimation of transition rates along with their tumor model derived metrics. The metrics were evaluated in a prospective manner so not to cause immortal time bias. Investigation of predictors and characterization of the time to develop response, the duration of response, the progression‐free survival, and the OS can be performed in a single multistate modeling exercise. This modeling approach can be applied to other cancer types and therapies to provide a better understanding of efficacy of drug and characterizing different states, thereby facilitating early clinical interventions to improve anticancer therapy.