bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-speed measurement of mechanical micro-deformations with an extended phase range using dual-wavelength digital holographic interferometry
Authors: Munera Natalia , Trujillo Carlos , Garcia-Sucerquia Jorge 
Published: December 2021

The implementation of a digital holographic interferometry setup for high-speed micro-deformation measurement is presented. This proposal uses a dual-wavelength recording strategy to reconstruct micro-deformations up to 4.85 µm with no phase wrapping. The numerical processing required to recover the phase maps containing the information of micro-deformations is carried out in a general-purpose computing on graphics processing unit environment to boost its performance. The method completely processes recorded holograms of

1024

×

1024

p
i
x
e
l
s

in 48 ms, i.e., 21 frames per second (FPS) for a single-wavelength acquisition and 96 ms or 11 FPS for dual-wavelength recordings. The method is experimentally evaluated measuring deformations ranging from 0.033 µm to 4.85 µm with no need for phase unwrapping algorithms for an 8 cm diameter aluminum plate in a

110

c
m

2

field of view.
Collection of excitation-emission-matrix fluorescence of aerosol-candidate-substances and its application to fluorescence lidar monitoring
Authors: Saito Yasunori , Hosokawa Tetsuya , Shiraishi Koichi 
Published: December 2021

Fluorescence lidars have the potential to identify aerosols, but it seems that the basic data of the fluorescence spectrum of various aerosols appear to be inadequate for practical use in application of fluorescence lidar monitoring. We collected the fluorescence spectrum data of 61 powders with different substances as pseudo-aerosols and organized them as EEM (Excitation-Emission-Matrix) fluorescence data. Our interest was also in the artificial substances that are discarded around our surroundings and become aerosols. Four applications of the EEM fluorescence to fluorescence lidars were discussed; designing fluorescence lidars, reconstructing aerosol fluorescence spectrums measured by fluorescence lidar, searching for new substances for fluorescence lidar measurement, and developing a database of EEM fluorescence for identifying aerosol types measured by fluorescence lidar. All EEM fluorescence data and application software were stored in one USB memory and run in the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) independent of a computer OS (Operating System) for ease of use. Aerosol identification software worked well in general, but we have also talked a bit about improvements.
Wide temperature operation of kilowatt fiber oscillators
Authors: Wu Jinming , Wan Yingchao , Wang Peng , Zhang Hanwei , Wang Xiaolin , Zhou Pu , Du Shaojun , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: December 2021

To meet the requirements of fiber laser applications under extreme temperatures or when there is a large temperature difference, it is necessary to develop fiber lasers able to operate in a wide temperature range. At present, there is a lack of reports on high-power fiber lasers that can operate in a wide temperature range with low power fluctuations. Thus, we designed a 1 kW fiber oscillator that can operate in a wide temperature range through temperature-related rate equations. The output characteristics of the oscillator are measured in the operating temperature range from

−

30

∘

C

to 20°C. The experimental results show that the laser output power fluctuates by 7% over the entire temperature range. It was discovered that as the ambient temperature decreased, the efficiency of the laser decreased, and this issue is discussed in detail. This work has guiding significance for the design of high-power fiber lasers operating at a wide temperature range, and simultaneously, to the best of our knowledge, it provides the first kilowatt fiber oscillator that can operate in a wide temperature range between

−

30

∘

C

and 20°C.
From polarization multipoles to higher-order coherences
Authors: Goldberg Aaron Z. , Klimov Andrei B. , deGuise Hubert , Leuchs Gerd , Agarwal Girish S. , Sánchez-Soto Luis L. 
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate that the multipoles associated with the density matrix are truly observable quantities that can be unambiguously determined from intensity moments. Given their correct transformation properties, these multipoles are the natural variables to deal with a number of problems in the quantum domain. In the case of polarization, the moments are measured after the light has passed through two quarter-wave plates, one half-wave plate, and a polarizing beam splitter for specific values of the angles of the wave plates. For more general two-mode problems, equivalent measurements can be performed.
Entwicklung und Einsatz von AR-Anwendungen in der Hochschule am Beispiel des Projekts „Augmented Learning“ an der Universität Duisburg-Essen
Authors: Zick Mirco , Wefelnberg Marianne 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Augmented Reality (AR) im Bildungsbereich werden bereits seit längerer Zeit diskutiert. Betrachten wir den konkreten Einsatz entsprechender Anwendungen in der Praxis, kann zumindest für den Hochschulbereich festgestellt werden, dass sich dort AR noch nicht in der Breite durchgesetzt hat. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden mögliche Gründe aufgezeigt, warum es aktuell noch wenige Praxisbeispiele in der Hochschule gibt und welche pädagogischen Konzepte sich zur näheren Untersuchung von AR und ihrer Potenziale für die Bildung heranziehen lassen. Im Anschluss wird ein Projekt an der Universität Duisburg-Essen (UDE) vorgestellt, in dem eine Augmented-Learning-App entwickelt wurde. Mithilfe der App können Lehrende zukünftig 3‑D-Modelle konzipieren und in ihrer Veranstaltung einsetzen. Der Artikel zeigt zudem die Entscheidungskriterien auf, die zu einer internen Entwicklung der AR-App führten.
Clinical epidemiological characteristics of mycetoma in Eastern Sennar locality, Sennar State, Sudan
Authors: Hassan Rowa , Deribe Kebede , Fahal Ahmed Hassan , Newport Melanie , Bakhiet Sahar 
Published: December 2021

Mycetoma epidemiological features remain uncharacterised. Few studies have been conducted in a community-based setting to explore the epidemiological features and risk factors for mycetoma in Sudan. To bridge this gap, this study was conducted in Eastern Sennar Locality, Sennar State, Sudan, to report the clinical, epidemiological characteristics of mycetoma patients and the disease burden in the state.
We used cluster sampling; sixty villages were randomly selected across the locality’s five administrative units, and a household-to-household survey was conducted. We collected data using pre-designed questionnaires at the community, household, and individual levels. We performed descriptive analyses of the data and produced prevalence maps using ArcGIS 10.5 ([ESRI] Inc., Redlands CA, USA).
A total of 41,176 individuals were surveyed, and 359 mycetoma patients were identified. The overall prevalence of mycetoma was 0.87% (95%CI = 0.78–0.97%), the prevalence among males was 0.83% (95%CI = 0.71–0.96%), and females 0.92% (95% CI = 0.79–1.06%). Individuals in the age group 31–45 years had the highest prevalence among the different age groups (1.52%, 95% CI = 1.23–1.86%). The prevalence map showed patients clustered within the central and north-eastern part of the locality, while villages in the south-western part had few or no cases.
In conclusion, this clinical epidemiological study is pioneering and shows that mycetoma is prevalent in certain parts of Sudan. This data obtained will support the design of measures to reduce the disease burden in the state. The survey procedures and protocols can be adopted for further studies in Sudan and beyond.
First evaluation of antibody responses to Culex quinquefasciatus salivary antigens as a serological biomarker of human exposure to Culex bites: A pilot study in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Zamble Bi Zamble H. , Yao Serge S. , Adja Akré M. , Bakli Mahfoud , Zoh Dounin D. , Mathieu-Daudé Françoise , Assi Serge B. , Remoue Franck , Almeras Lionel , Poinsignon Anne 
Published: December 2021

Background
Culex mosquitoes are vectors for a variety of pathogens of public health concern. New indicators of exposure to Culex bites are needed to evaluate the risk of transmission of associated pathogens and to assess the efficacy of vector control strategies. An alternative to entomological indices is the serological measure of antibodies specific to mosquito salivary antigens. This study investigated whether the human IgG response to both the salivary gland extract and the 30 kDa salivary protein of Culex quinquefasciatus may represent a proxy of human exposure to Culex bites.

Methodology/Principal findings
A multidisciplinary survey was conducted with children aged 1 to 14 years living in neighborhoods with varying exposure to Culex quinquefasciatus in the city of Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. Children living in sites with high exposure to Cx quinquefasciatus had a significantly higher IgG response to both salivary antigens compared with children living in the control site where only very few Culex were recorded. Moreover, children from any Culex-high exposed sites had significantly higher IgG responses only to the salivary gland extract compared with children from the control village, whereas no difference was noted in the anti-30 kDa IgG response. No significant differences were noted in the specific IgG responses between age and gender. Sites and the use of a bed net were associated with the level of IgG response to the salivary gland extract and to the 30 kDa antigen, respectively.

Conclusions/Significance
These findings suggest that the IgG response to Culex salivary gland extracts is suitable as proxy of exposure; however, the specificity to the Culex genus needs further investigation. The lower antigenicity of the 30 kDa recombinant protein represents a limitation to its use. The high specificity of this protein to the Culex genus makes it an attractive candidate and other specific antibody responses might be more relevant as a biomarker of exposure. These epidemiological observations may form a starting point for additional work on developing serological biomarkers of Culex exposure.
Diagnostic value of symptoms for pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection in a primary care setting
Authors: Weng Chien-Hsiang , Butt Wesley Wing Wah , Brooks Meredith B. , Clarke Claudia , Jenkins Helen E. , Holland Sabina D. , Chiang Silvia S. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
To evaluate the diagnostic value of symptoms used by daycares and schools to screen children and adolescents for SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analyzed data from a primary care setting.

Methods
This cohort study included all patients ≤17 years old who were evaluated at Providence Community Health Centers (PCHC; Providence, U.S.), for COVID-19 symptoms and/or exposure, and received SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing between March-June 2020. Participants were identified from PCHC electronic medical records. For three age groups– 0–4, 5–11, and 12–17 years–we estimated the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of individual symptoms and three symptom combinations: a case definition published by the Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH), and two novel combinations generated by different statistical approaches to maximize sensitivity, specificity, and AUC. We evaluated symptom combinations both with and without consideration of COVID-19 exposure. Myalgia, headache, sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea, anosmia, and ageusia were not assessed in 0–4 year-olds due to the lower reliability of these symptoms in this group.

Results
Of 555 participants, 217 (39.1%) were SARS-CoV-2-infected. Fever was more common among 0–4 years-olds (p = 0.002); older children more frequently reported fatigue (p = 0.02). In children ≥5 years old, anosmia or ageusia had 94–98% specificity. In all ages, exposure history most accurately predicted infection. With respect to individual symptoms, cough most accurately predicted infection in <5 year-olds (AUC 0.69) and 12–17 year-olds (AUC 0.62), while headache was most accurate in 5–11 year-olds (AUC 0.62). In combination with exposure history, the novel symptom combinations generated statistically to maximize test characteristics had sensitivity >95% but specificity <30%. No symptom or symptom combination had AUC ≥0.70.

Conclusions
Anosmia or ageusia in children ≥5 years old should raise providers’ index of suspicion for COVID-19. However, our overall findings underscore the limited diagnostic value of symptoms.
Personalised reprogramming to prevent progressive pacemaker-related left ventricular dysfunction: A phase II randomised, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Paton Maria F. , Gierula John , Lowry Judith E. , Cairns David A. , Bose Rosling Kieran , Cole Charlotte A. , McGinlay Melanie , Straw Sam , Byrom Rowena , Cubbon Richard M. , Kearney Mark T. , Witte Klaus K. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundPacemakers are widely utilised to treat bradycardia, but right ventricular (RV) pacing is associated with heightened risk of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and heart failure. We aimed to compare personalised pacemaker reprogramming to avoid RV pacing with usual care on echocardiographic and patient-orientated outcomes.MethodsA prospective phase II randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial in 100 patients with a pacemaker implanted for indications other than third degree heart block for ≥2 years. Personalised pacemaker reprogramming was guided by a published protocol. Primary outcome was change in LV ejection fraction on echocardiography after 6 months. Secondary outcomes included LV remodeling, quality of life, and battery longevity.ResultsClinical and pacemaker variables were similar between groups. The mean age (SD) of participants was 76 (+/-9) years and 71% were male. Nine patients withdrew due to concurrent illness, leaving 91 patients in the intention-to-treat analysis. At 6 months, personalised programming compared to usual care, reduced RV pacing (-6.5±1.8%versus-0.21±1.7%; p<0.01), improved LV function (LV ejection fraction +3.09% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48 to 5.70%; p = 0.02]) and LV dimensions (LV end systolic volume indexed to body surface area -2.99mL/m2[95% CI -5.69 to -0.29; p = 0.03]). Intervention also preserved battery longevity by approximately 5 months (+0.38 years [95% CI 0.14 to 0.62; p<0.01)) with no evidence of an effect on quality of life (+0.19, [95% CI -0.25 to 0.62; p = 0.402]).ConclusionsPersonalised programming in patients with pacemakers for bradycardia can improve LV function and size, extend battery longevity, and is safe and acceptable to patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT03627585.
Origin and evolution of HIV-1 subtype A6
Authors: Abidi Syed Hani , Aibekova Lazzat , Davlidova Salima , Amangeldiyeva Aidana , Foley Brian , Ali Syed 
Published: December 2021

Background
HIV outbreaks in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries were characterized by repeated transmission of the HIV variant AFSU, which is now classified as a distinct subtype A sub-subtype called A6. The current study used phylogenetic/phylodynamic and signature mutation analyses to determine likely evolutionary relationship between subtype A6 and other subtype A sub-subtypes.

Methods
For this study, an initial Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis was performed using a total of 553 full-length, publicly available, reverse transcriptase sequences, from A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6 sub-subtypes of subtype A. For phylogenetic clustering and signature mutation analysis, a total of 5961 and 3959 pol and env sequences, respectively, were used.

Results
Phylogenetic and signature mutation analysis showed that HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 likely originated from sub-subtype A1 of African origin. A6 and A1 pol and env genes shared several signature mutations that indicate genetic similarity between the two subtypes. For A6, tMRCA dated to 1975, 15 years later than that of A1.

Conclusion
The current study provides insights into the evolution and diversification of A6 in the backdrop of FSU countries and indicates that A6 in FSU countries evolved from A1 of African origin and is getting bridged outside the FSU region.
In vivo soft tissue compressive properties of the human hand
Authors: Spartacus Victoria , Shojaeizadeh Maedeh , Raffault Vincent , Shoults James , Van Wieren Ken , Sparrey Carolyn J. 
Published: December 2021

Background/PurposeFalls onto outstretched hands are the second most common sports injury and one of the leading causes of upper extremity injury. Injury risk and severity depends on forces being transmitted through the palmar surface to the upper extremity. Although the magnitude and distribution of forces depend on the soft tissue response of the palm, thein vivoproperties of palmar tissue have not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to characterize the large deformation palmar soft tissue properties.MethodsIn vivodynamic indentations were conducted on 15 young adults (21–29 years) to quantify the soft tissue characteristics of over the trapezium. The effects of loading rate, joint position, tissue thickness and sex on soft tissue responses were assessed.ResultsEnergy absorbed by the soft tissue and peak force were affected by loading rate and joint angle. Energy absorbed was 1.7–2.8 times higher and the peak force was 2–2.75 times higher at high rate loading than quasistatic rates. Males had greater energy absorbed than females but not at all wrist positions. Damping characteristics were the highest in the group with the thickest soft tissue while damping characteristics were the lowest in group with the thinnest soft tissues.ConclusionPalmar tissue response changes with joint position, loading rate, sex, and tissue thickness. Accurately capturing these tissue responses is important for developing effective simulations of fall and injury biomechanics and assessing the effectiveness of injury prevention strategies.
Age of e-cigarette initiation in USA young adults: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study (2013–2017)
Authors: Pérez Adriana , Bluestein Meagan A. , Kuk Arnold E. , Chen Baojiang 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionThere is a lack of research prospectively estimating the age of e-cigarette initiation in U.S. young adults.MethodsSecondary analysis of PATH young adults across 2013–2017 (waves 1–4) were conducted. We prospectively estimated age of initiation of: ever, past 30-day, and fairly regular e-cigarette use using weighted interval-censoring survival analyses. Interval-censoring Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, and previous use of six other tobacco products (cigarettes, traditional cigars, filtered cigars, cigarillos, hookah, and smokeless tobacco) were fitted for each of the three e-cigarette initiation outcomes.ResultsAmong never e-cigarette users, by age 21, 16.8% reported ever use, 7.2% reported past 30-day use, and 2.3% reported fairly regular e-cigarette use. Males had increased risk of initiating ever, past 30-day, and fairly regular e-cigarette use at earlier ages compared to females. Hispanic young adults had increased risk of initiating ever and past 30-day e-cigarette use at earlier ages compared to Non-Hispanic White young adults. Previous use of other tobacco products before e-cigarette initiation increased the risk of an earlier age of e-cigarette initiation.ConclusionPrevention and education campaigns should focus on young adults in order to alleviate the public health burden of initiating e-cigarette use at earlier ages.
Counterexamples to the classical central limit theorem for triplewise independent random variables having a common arbitrary margin
Authors: Beaulieu Guillaume Boglioni , de Micheaux Pierre Lafaye , Ouimet Frédéric 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present a general methodology to construct triplewise independent sequences of random variables having a common but arbitrary marginal distributionF(satisfying very mild conditions). For two specific sequences, we obtain in closed form the asymptotic distribution of the sample mean. It isnon-Gaussian(and depends on the specific choice ofF). This allows us to illustrate the extent of the ‘failure’ of the classical central limit theorem (CLT) under triplewise independence. Our methodology is simple and can also be used to create, for any integerK, newK-tuplewise independent sequences that are not mutually independent. ForK[four.tf], it appears that the sequences created using our methodologydoverify a CLT, and we explain heuristically why this is the case.
Finite element analysis of train speed effect on dynamic response of steel bridge
Authors: Jukowski Michał , Bęc Jarosław , Zbiciak Artur 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of materials engineering has facilitated the design of slender, light bridges replacing standard construction materials with others, which fulfil their purpose both in terms of structural behaviour and safety. This article focuses on the presentation of the problems related to the modelling of bridges and their loads modelling train passages, as well as an analysis of the influence of load parameters on the dynamic response of a structure. The problem has become essential with the development of materials engineering which enabled the design of slender and light bridges according to the assumptions of sustainable development. The article contains a number of numerical analyses which allowed the verification of the developed finite element bridge model (frame and plate-frame types) in terms of the possibility of using them at the design stage. The load was modelled as a system of concentrated forces, the so-called moving load (ML) model. The results obtained from theoretical analyses were compared within situmeasurements of the existing bridge subjected to the load variable in time (set of locomotives ST43 and ST45 and locomotive EP09). It has been found that in dynamic analysis, modelling of the load is essential. A simplified load model such as ML can be used when displacement values are the only results analysed in detail. ML and finite element plate and frame models give high accordance of the displacement results.
Power quality improvement using model predictive control based shunt connected custom power device in a single phase system
Authors: Majji Ravi Kumar , Mishra Jyoti Prakash , Dongre Ashish A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The performance evaluation of a single-phase shunt-connected custom power device (SC-CPD) for current quality improvement is discussed in this paper. The SC-CPD performance is compared based on the linear triangle-comparison pulse width modulation (TC-PWM) control, hysteresis current control (HCC), and the predictive non-linear switching control strategies. The predictive switching control is implemented using the finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC). The switching control techniques’ operational and implementation features are discussed for the given control objectives of the SC-CPD for a particular nonlinear load. Basic functional case studies with sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal supply mains in the presence of non-linear loads are presented to illustrate the appropriateness of the switching techniques. The SC-CPD model and control methodologies are developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, including designing of various circuit components. Finally, performance simulation results using the switching techniques have been compared and validated using OPAL-RT 4510-based real-time simulations.