bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and resolution of hypertension in obese African American bariatric cohort
Authors: Gandotra Charu , Basam Motahar , Mahajan Ankit , Ngwa Julius , Ortega Gezzer , Tran Daniel , Fullum Terrence M. , Sherif Zaki A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWeight reduction continues to be first-line therapy in the treatment of hypertension (HTN). However, the long-term effect of bariatric malabsorptive surgical techniques such as Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery in the management of hypertension (HTN) is less clear. African Americans (AA) are disproportionately affected by obesity and hypertension and have inconsistent outcomes after bariatric surgery (BS). Despite a plethora of bariatric literature, data about characteristics of a predominantly AA bariatric hypertensive cohort including hypertension in obese (HIO) are scarce and underreported. The aims of this study were, (1) to describe the preoperative clinical characteristics of HIO with respect to HTN status and age, and (2) to identify predictors of HTN resolution one year after RYGB surgery in an AA bariatric cohort enrolled at the Howard University Center for Wellness and Weight Loss Surgery (HUCWWS). In the review of 169 AA bariatric patients, the average BMI was 48.50 kg/m2 and the average age was 43.86 years. Obese hypertensive patients were older (46 years vs. 37.89 years; p < .0001); had higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM, 43.09% vs. 10.87%; p < .0001) and dyslipidemia (38.2% vs. 13.04%; p 0.002). Hypertensive AA who were taking ≥ 2 antihypertensive medications prior to RYGB were 18 times less likely to experience HTN resolution compared to hypertensive AA taking 0–1 medications, who showed full or partial response. Also, HIO was less likely to resolve after RYGB surgery in patients who needed ≥ 2 antihypertensive medications prior to surgical intervention.
Co-administration of lipopolysaccharide and d-galactosamine induces genotoxicity in mouse liver
Authors: Dong Wenjing , Song Erqun , Song Yang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe acute liver injury (ALI) and hepatic fibrosis caused by the co-treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (D-GalN) have been extensively studied. However, whether LPS/D-GalN are genotoxic has been left unknown. In this study, male mice were divided into eight groups with eight animals in each group. For acute challenge of LPS/D-GalN, the mice in each group received a combination of LPS/D-GalN via intraperitoneal injection at the dose of 25 μg/kg/250 mg/kg, 25 μg/kg/500 mg/kg, or 50 μg/kg/500 mg/kg body weight. An additional group for chronic administration of test compounds was conducted by i.p. injection of LPS/D-GalN (10 μg/kg/100 mg/kg) every other day for 8 weeks. Saline solution (0.9%) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) (50 mg/kg body weight) given by i.p. injection was used as the negative and positive control, respectively. The results of single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay indicated that acute exposure of the mice to LPS/D-GalN caused severe DNA damage in hepatic cells, but not in the brain, sperm or bone marrow cells, which evidenced the genotoxicity of LPS/D-GalN administrated in combination. Interestingly, the chronic administration of LPS/D-GalN triggered significant genotoxic effects not only in hepatic but also in brain cells, with negative results in sperm and bone marrow cells. Histopathological examination in the liver and brain tissues revealed changes consistent with the SCGE results. The present study indicates genotoxic potential of LPS/D-GalN co-administered in mice, which may serve as an in vivo experimental model for relevant genotoxic study.
Risk factors for low adherence to methylphenidate treatment in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Ishizuya Asami , Enomoto Minori , Tachimori Hisateru , Takahashi Hidehiko , Sugihara Genichi , Kitamura Shingo , Mishima Kazuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPoor adherence is a major concern in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study was to evaluate factors linked to early interruption of and low adherence to treatment with osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate hydrochloride (OROS-MPH) in pediatric patients with ADHD. A total of 1353 young people (age 6–17 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD who newly started OROS-MPH were extracted from the pharmacoepidemiological data of 3 million people in Japan. The cohort was retrospectively surveyed every month for 12 months. Ten possible risk factors were extracted from the data and analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to ensure the robustness of the analysis. The results revealed that treatment adherence was generally poor, with a tendency for discontinuation in the early stage. Multivariable logistic regression results showed that adherence is reduced by female sex, lower starting dose, and concomitant atomoxetine or hypnotics. These findings may help clinicians to predict the risk of poor adherence in the early stage of treatment and improve not only patients’ symptoms, but also their quality of life.
Characteristics of strokes associated with centrifugal flow left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Inamullah Ovais , Chiang Yuting P. , Bishawi Muath , Weiss Martin , Lutz Michael W. , Blue Laura J. , Feng Wayne , Milano Carmelo A. , Luedke Matthew , Husseini Nada El 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStroke is a devastating complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. Understanding the characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of strokes associated with the centrifugal flow LVADs is important to devise better strategies for management and prevention. This is a retrospective cohort study at a single US academic medical center. The cohort includes patients who received a first time Heartmate 3 (HM3) or Heartware (HVAD) LVAD between September 2009 through February 2018 and had a stroke while the LVAD was in place. Descriptive statistics were used when appropriate. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of poor outcome. Out of a total of 247 patients, 12.1% (N = 30, 24 HVAD and 6 HM3) had a stroke (63% ischemic) and 3 of these patients had pump thrombosis. Events per patient year (EPPY) were similar for HVAD and HM3 patients (0.3 ± 0.1). INR was subtherapeutic in 47.4% of ischemic stroke patients and supratherapeutic in 18.2% of hemorrhagic stroke patients. Concurrent infections were more common in the setting of hemorrhagic stroke than ischemic stroke (45.4% vs 5.3%, p = 0.008). Strokes were severe in most cases, with initial NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) higher in HM3 patients compared to HVAD patients (mean 24.6 vs 16) and associated with high in-patient mortality (21.1% of ischemic stroke vs. 88.8% of hemorrhagic stroke). Predictors of death within 30 days and disability at 90 days included creatinine at stroke onset, concurrent infection, hemorrhaghic stroke, and initial stroke severity (NIHSS). A score derived from these variables predicted with 100% certainty mortality at 30 days and mRS ≥ 4 at 90 days. For patients with centrifugal flow LVADs, ischemic strokes were more common but hemorrhagic strokes were associated with higher in-patient mortality and more frequently seen in the setting of concurrent infections. Infections, sub or supratherapeutic INR range, and comorbid cardiovascular risk factors may all be contributing to the stroke burden. These findings may inform future strategies for stroke prevention in this population.
A 3D study on the amplification of regional haze and particle growth by local emissions
Authors: Du Wei , Dada Lubna , Zhao Jian , Chen Xueshun , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Xie Conghui , Wang Weigang , He Yao , Cai Jing , Yao Lei , Zhang Yingjie , Wang Qingqing , Xu Weiqi , Wang Yuying , Tang Guiqian , Cheng Xueling , Kokkonen Tom V. , Zhou Wei , Yan Chao , Chu Biwu , Zha Qiaozhi , Hakala Simo , Kurppa Mona , Järvi Leena , Liu Yongchun , Li Zhanqing , Ge Maofa , Fu Pingqing , Nie Wei , Bianchi Federico , Petäjä Tuukka , Paasonen Pauli , Wang Zifa , Worsnop Douglas R. , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku , Sun Yele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe role of new particle formation (NPF) events and their contribution to haze formation through subsequent growth in polluted megacities is still controversial. To improve the understanding of the sources, meteorological conditions, and chemistry behind air pollution, we performed simultaneous measurements of aerosol composition and particle number size distributions at ground level and at 260 m in central Beijing, China, during a total of 4 months in 2015–2017. Our measurements show a pronounced decoupling of gas-to-particle conversion between the two heights, leading to different haze processes in terms of particle size distributions and chemical compositions. The development of haze was initiated by the growth of freshly formed particles at both heights, whereas the more severe haze at ground level was connected directly to local primary particles and gaseous precursors leading to higher particle growth rates. The particle growth creates a feedback loop, in which a further development of haze increases the atmospheric stability, which in turn strengthens the persisting apparent decoupling between the two heights and increases the severity of haze at ground level. Moreover, we complemented our field observations with model analyses, which suggest that the growth of NPF-originated particles accounted up to ∼60% of the accumulation mode particles in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area during haze conditions. The results suggest that a reduction in anthropogenic gaseous precursors, suppressing particle growth, is a critical step for alleviating haze although the number concentration of freshly formed particles (3–40 nm) via NPF does not reduce after emission controls.
Surface modification of intraocular lenses via photodynamic coating for safe and effective PCO prevention
Authors: Tang Junmei , Liu Sihao , Han Yuemei , Wang Rui , Xia Jiayi , Chen Hao , Lin Quankui 
Published: January 2021

Photodynamic coating was designed on the IOL surface via supramolecular self-assembly of α-CD-Ce6 and PPEGMA brushes. Such IOLs can reduce the incidence of posterior capsular opacification after implantation effectively and safely.
Robust temporal low‐rank representation for traffic data recovery via fused lasso
Authors: Mao Ruyong , Chen Zhengyu , Hu Guobing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAchieving complete and accurate traffic data as input is crucial for most intelligent transportation systems. However, due to hardware or software malfunction, traffic data is inevitably faced with missing and noise problems. Most of the existing representation‐based traffic data recovery methods adopt sparse representation theory, which well models the local association properties of traffic data, but ignores their global correlation. To overcome this shortcoming, a robust low‐rank representation method that incorporates temporal prior information to impute the missing traffic data is proposed. Specifically, the low‐rank representation theory is first employed to model the global spatial correlation of traffic data, and then the fused lasso regularisation is utilized to fit the temporal correlation of traffic data. In addition, to make the proposed model more robust, F‐norm regularisation is used to smooth the Gaussian noise of traffic data. Furthermore, an efficient optimisation algorithm based on ADMM is developed to solve the proposed model. Finally, the extensive experiments performed on real dataset validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Matched-severe Exercise and Power-duration Relationship
Authors: Sousa Ana Catarina , Millet Gregoire P. , Viana João , Milheiro Jaime , Reis Vítor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe investigated the effects of hypoxia on matched-severe intensity exercise and on the parameters of the power-duration relationship. Fifteen trained subjects performed in both normoxia and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2=0.13, ~3000 m) a maximal incremental test, a 3 min all-out test (3AOT) and a transition from rest to an exercise performed to exhaustion (Tlim) at the same relative intensity (80%∆). Respiratory and pulmonary gas-exchange variables were continuously measured (K5, Cosmed, Italy). Tlim test’s V̇O2 kinetics was calculated using a two-component exponential model. V̇O2max (44.1±5.1 vs. 58.7±6.4 ml.kg-1.min-1, p<0.001) was decreased in hypoxia. In Tlim, time-to-exhaustion sustained was similar (454±130 vs. 484±169 s) despite that V̇O2 kinetics was slower (τ1: 31.1±5.8 vs. 21.6±4.7 s, p<0.001) and the amplitude of the V̇O2 slow component lower (12.4±5.4 vs. 20.2±5.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, p<0.05) in hypoxia. CP was reduced (225±35 vs. 270±49 W, p<0.001) but W’ was unchanged (11.3±2.9 vs. 11.4±2.7 kJ) in hypoxia. The changes in CP/V̇O2max were positively correlated with changes in W’ (r = 0.58, p<0.05). The lower oxygen availability had an impact on aerobic related physiological parameters, but exercise tolerance is similar between hypoxia and normoxia when the relative intensity is matched despite a slower V̇O2 kinetics in hypoxia.
Sekundärdatenanalyse initial vollstationär behandelter Patienten mit Schizophrenie in einem Berliner Modellprojekt (nach § 64b SGB V)
Authors: Budnick Andrea , Kuhnert Ronny , Schmidt Helen , Wienprecht Lars , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Blüher Stefan 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Schizophrenie zählt zu den schwersten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Das deutsche Versorgungssystem weist jedoch für diese und andere chronisch psychisch Erkrankte mit einem intensiven Behandlungsbedarf nach wie vor Lücken auf. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert die Veränderung der Versorgung von initial vollstationär behandelten Patienten mit Schizophrenie, die an den St. Hedwig Kliniken in Berlin in einem Modellprojekt nach § 64b SGB V versorgt werden, im Vergleich zu Patienten in der Regelversorgung.
Methodik Die Zielgrößen wurden mittels Routinedaten erfasst. Dabei wurden 3 Patientenkohorten analysiert. Mittels Propensity Score Matching wurde je Kohorte eine Vergleichsgruppe gebildet.
Ergebnisse Es zeigt sich, dass im Modellprojekt die Anzahl der Krankenhausaufenthalte reduziert wurde, die Gesamtverweildauer gesenkt und Gesamtkosten teilweise gesenkt wurden. Zudem verlängerte sich die Dauer bis zur nächsten Rehospitalisierung, während sich die Gesamtzahl der Kontakte zum ambulanten Sektor erhöhte.
Schlussfolgerung Die angestrebte Verlagerung der Versorgung in den ambulanten Bereich wurde für Patienten mit Schizophrenie in diesem Modellprojekt erreicht.
The Rate of Influenza Vaccination after Face-to-Face Interview in Pregnancy
Authors: Orgul Gokcen , Keles Ayse Istek , Yucel Aykan , Sahin Dilek 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose Most societies recommend routine influenza vaccine to all pregnant women. In Turkey, the Ministry of Health provides the influenza vaccine free of charge to pregnant women during the second and third trimesters. Pregnant women may not be willing to accept vaccination despite their knowledge and attitudes. We aimed to investigate the rate and determining factors of influenza vaccine acceptance after receipt of face-to-face information.
Methods Pregnant women were informed about the benefits of the influenza vaccine and asked if they would get the vaccine.
Results A total of 353 Turkish women were involved, and 191 (54.1%) accepted influenza vaccination. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of maternal age, body mass index, gravida, number of children, socioeconomic status, smoking and occupation between groups. Women in the third trimester had lower vaccination rates compared to first- and second-trimester pregnancies (35.7% vs. 67.7–64.2%). Women with at least a university degree also had lower vaccine uptake rates (58.1% vs. 59.5–36.8%). While 82.2% of women who accepted vaccination believed the benefit of the vaccine to the baby, the rate was 54.9% in the non-vaccinated group. The most common reason for refusal was the belief that influenza was not a serious disease. Vaccination uptake was higher especially for women who understood the benefits of the influenza vaccine for the baby (OR=3.79, 95%Cl=2.34–6.14).
Conclusion Women who had enough information, who had a lower education level, who had a previous history of influenza infection, and who had decided to have their babies vaccinated were more likely to accept influenza vaccine.
Homogeneous Catalyzed Aryl–Aryl Cross-Couplings in Flow
Authors: Nagaki Aiichiro , Ashikari Yosuke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAryl–aryl cross-coupling reactions are important reactions for the production of various biaryl compounds. This short review covers the various aryl–aryl cross-coupling reactions carried out in flow, focusing on the metal species of the aryl nucleophiles used in the cross-coupling reactions.1 Introduction2 Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling (B)3 Migita–Kosugi–Stille Coupling (Sn)4 Negishi Coupling (Zn)5 Kumada–Tamao–Corriu Coupling (Mg)6 Murahashi Coupling (Li)7 Conclusion
Societies within peace systems avoid war and build positive intergroup relationships
Authors: Fry Douglas P. , Souillac Geneviève , Liebovitch Larry , Coleman Peter T. , Agan Kane , Nicholson-Cox Elliot , Mason Dani , Gomez Frank Palma , Strauss Susie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA comparative anthropological perspective reveals not only that some human societies do not engage in war, but also that peaceful social systems exist. Peace systems are defined as clusters of neighbouring societies that do not make war with each other. The mere existence of peace systems is important because it demonstrates that creating peaceful intergroup relationships is possible whether the social units are tribal societies, nations, or actors within a regional system. Peace systems have received scant scientific attention despite holding potentially useful knowledge and principles about how to successfully cooperate to keep the peace. Thus, the mechanisms through which peace systems maintain peaceful relationships are largely unknown. It is also unknown to what degree peace systems may differ from other types of social systems. This study shows that certain factors hypothesised to contribute to intergroup peace are more developed within peace systems than elsewhere. A sample consisting of peace systems scored significantly higher than a comparison group regarding overarching common identity; positive social interconnectedness; interdependence; non-warring values and norms; non-warring myths, rituals, and symbols; and peace leadership. Additionally, a machine learning analysis found non-warring norms, rituals, and values to have the greatest relative importance for a peace system outcome. These results have policy implications for how to promote and sustain peace, cohesion, and cooperation among neighbouring societies in various social contexts, including among nations. For example, the purposeful promotion of peace system features may facilitate the international cooperation necessary to address interwoven global challenges such as global pandemics, oceanic pollution, loss of biodiversity, nuclear proliferation, and climate change.
Self‐efficacy and stereotype threat effects on handgrip strength performance in less active people living with HIV
Authors: Gray Laura , d'Arripe‐Longueville Fabienne , Deshayes Maxime , Colson Serge S. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) are not physically active enough. As nonexercisers are perceived as less healthy, less active and less strong, it is likely that PLHIV would be subject to a nonexerciser stereotype threat. We looked to elucidate the effect of the emerging nonexerciser stereotype on handgrip strength performance among less active PLHIV. We also sought to observe the modulating role of self‐efficacy in the relationship between stereotype activation and performance.Eighteen PLHIV were recruited to participate in two experimental sessions in which both a stereotypical context and self‐efficacy were manipulated. Participants performed a handgrip task comprising a 15‐s fatiguing maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) exercise preceded (Pre) and followed (Post) by 5‐s MVCs. In each session, (i.e. high and low self‐efficacy), four experimental conditions (i.e. Control 1; Control 2; Stereotypical; Self‐Efficacy) were performed.A significant performance decrease of the 15‐s fatiguing MVC exercise was systematically observed when the nonexerciser stereotype was induced (0.01 < p < 0.001). In addition, this performance re‐increased after a high self‐efficacy manipulation (p < 0.001). Pre‐ and post‐ 5‐s MVCs were also significantly depressed after the stereotypical condition (0.01 < p < 0.001) and improved following high self‐efficacy manipulation (p < 0.001).Our results revealed a detrimental stereotype threat effect on performance during a handgrip task when the nonexerciser stereotype was activated. A high self‐efficacy feedback increased performances significantly whereas no significant difference was observed between the stereotypical and low self‐efficacy conditions. These results indicate that self‐efficacy can modulate the deteriorating effect of a negative exercise stereotype on task performance in less active PLHIV.Highlights
Handgrip strength was decreased and performance fatigability increased when a negative exercise stereotype was induced.
Performance fatigability and handgrip strength were restored after positive performance feedback was given.
Positive task performance feedback could temper the detrimental effects of a negative stereotypical context among less active people living with HIV.
Linking ecosystem services and economic development for optimizing land use change in the poverty areas
Authors: Xu Yinan , Wei Jianing , Li Zhijun , Zhao Yingxing , Lei Xinyu , Sui Peng , Chen Yuanquan 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTFor the sustainable development of human beings and society, it is important to conserve the ecosystems and alleviate poverty in the low agricultural productivity or ecologically vulnerable areas. To avoid the decrease in ecosystem services (ES) under the effects associated with reducing poverty, we need to carefully consider the relationship between land use changes and the economic development in economically poor areas. We selected the Lingqiu County as our study area, which is a national impoverished county in China, and analyzed the impact of poverty alleviation efforts on the ecological and economic sustainability in the region through ES evaluation. The results showed that land use change in the Lingqiu County has not changed the ES significantly during 2007–2016. The gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (15.81%) during 2001–2016, indicates the effectiveness of the poverty alleviation efforts implemented. The rise in the index of ecological and economic relationship during 2001–2016 (from 0.2389 to 0.3629) maintains in a harmonious coordination situation. Presently, the value of ES has not been converted to market-based benefits, and therefore, it is indispensable to find a marketplace for ES (in an innovative way) to promote the high-quality sustainable development of a local economy.
Dynamics of gravitational collapse in the axisymmetric Einstein–Vlasov system
Authors: Ames Ellery , Andréasson Håkan , Rinne Oliver 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We numerically investigate the dynamics near black hole formation of solutions to the Einstein–Vlasov system in axisymmetry. Our results are obtained using a particle-in-cell and finite difference code based on the (2 + 1) + 1 formulation of the Einstein field equations in axisymmetry. Solutions are launched from non-stationary initial data and exhibit type I critical behaviour. In particular, we find lifetime scaling in solutions containing black holes, and support that the critical solutions are stationary. Our results contain examples of solutions that form black holes, perform damped oscillations, and appear to disperse. We prove that complete dispersal of the solution implies that it has nonpositive binding energy.