bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressed mood, associated factors, and understanding of delirium among caregivers of patients with delirium
Authors: Kim Seon-Young , Jhon Min , Kang Hee-Ju , Lee Ju-Yeon , Kim Sung-Wan , Kim Jae-Min , Shin Il-Seon 
Published: March 2021

Objective Delirium is stressful for both the patient and caregiver. However, caregivers have attracted minimal attention. We here identify depressed moods and associated factors among caregivers and caregiver knowledge of the delirium and non-pharmacological management. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Caregiver and patient demographic characteristics, and patient clinical data, were collected. Caregiver depressed mood was analysed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression subscale (HADS-D). We explored caregiver understanding of delirium and knowledge of non-pharmacological management. We used a multivariate linear regression model to identify factors associated with caregiver depressed mood. Results For 224 caregivers, the median (interquartile range) HADS-D score was 8.0 (4.0–11.8). More than half (54.9%) had scores ≥8. Answers to multiple choice questions revealed that delirium was frequently misinterpreted as “anxiety” (25.9%) or “dementia” (25.4%). Of all caregivers, 74% had received no information on non-pharmacological delirium management. Younger age of patient, a longer time from delirium detection to consultation, a patient past history of depression, a spousal relation with the patient, and misinterpretation of delirium as dementia were associated with the depressed mood of caregivers. Conclusions The mental health of caregivers of patients with delirium requires more attention; they should be recommended to be informed and educated about delirium. Also, the clinicians need to find an easier term for the delirium to help caregivers understand.
Maternal Dietary Fatty Acids and Their Relationship to Derived Endocannabinoids in Human Milk
Authors: Gaitán Adriana V. , Wood JodiAnne T. , Liu Yingpeng , Ji Lipin , Nikas Spyros P. , Makriyannis Alexandros , Lammi-Keefe Carol J. 
Published: March 2021

Background Dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to benefit infant development. After birth, human milk provides arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids to the infant. Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipid mediators derived from the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although the roles and the mechanisms of action are not fully understood, previous researchers have suggested that endocannabinoids might play a role in infant feeding behavior. Research Aims To assess (i) maternal dietary intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and (ii) their relationship to concentrations of fatty acids and derived endocannabinoids in human milk. Methods For this exploratory-longitudinal study, participants ( N = 24) provided dietary intake data and milk samples. Fatty acids and derived endocannabinoids: Arachidonylethanolamide, arachidonoylglycerol, docosahexaenoyl glycerol, eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide, and eicosapenaenoyl glycerol were identified in their milk by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and correlations to dietary fatty acids were assessed. Results Participants were not consuming recommended amounts of docosahexaenoic acid. Significant correlations ( p ≤ .05) were only found between dietary docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids and the concentrations of these in human milk. Moreover, only dietary docosahexaenoic acid was correlated ( p = .031) with its corresponding endocannabinoid, docosahexaenoyl glycerol. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this may be one of the first studies evaluating relationships between dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and multiple endocannabinoids in human milk. Our findings suggest that endocannabinoid concentrations could be modulated by dietary precursors. Future research studies can be designed based on these data to better elucidate the roles of endocannabinoids in human milk for infant health and development.
Ontology, archetypes and the definition of ‘mineral species’
Authors: Hawthorne Frank C. , Mills Stuart J. , Hatert Frédéric , Rumsey Mike S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOntologydeals with questions concerning what things exist, and how such things may be associated according to similarities and differences and related within a hierarchy. Ontology provides a rigorous way to develop a general definition of a mineral species. Properties may be divided into two principal groups: anintrinsic propertyis characteristic of the object and is independent of anything else; anextrinsic propertydepends on the relation between the object and other things. Auniversalis an entity that is common to all objects in a set. Here the objects are mineral samples, each entity is a specific property of these minerals, and the set of objects is all mineral samples of that mineral species. The key intrinsic properties of a mineral species are its name, its end-member formula andZ(the number of formula units in the unit cell), its space group and the bond topology of the end-member structure. These are also universals as they are common to all mineral samples belonging to that mineral species. An archetype is a pure form which embodies the fundamental characteristics of an object. Thus the archetype of a mineral species embodies the above set of universals. Real mineral samples of this mineral species are imperfect copies of that archetype, with a range of chemical composition defined by the boundaries between end-member formulae of this and other end members of the same bond topology. The result is a formal definition of a mineral species: A specific mineral species is the set of imperfect copies of the corresponding archetype and is defined by the following set of universals: name, end-member formula andZ, space group, and bond topology of the end-member structure, with the range of chemical composition limited by the compositional boundaries between end members with the same bond topology.
Maternal 17q21 genotype influences prenatal vitamin D effects on offspring asthma/recurrent wheeze
Authors: Knihtilä Hanna M. , Kelly Rachel S. , Brustad Nicklas , Huang Mengna , Kachroo Priyadarshini , Chawes Bo L. , Stokholm Jakob , Bønnelykke Klaus , Pedersen Casper-Emil T. , Bisgaard Hans , Litonjua Augusto A. , Lasky-Su Jessica A. , Weiss Scott T. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPrenatal vitamin D3supplementation has been linked to reduced risk of early-life asthma/recurrent wheeze. This protective effect appears to be influenced by variations in the 17q21 functional single nucleotide polymorphism rs12936231 of the child, which regulates the expression ofORMDL3(ORM1-like 3) and for which the high-risk CC genotype is associated with early-onset asthma. However, this does not fully explain the differential effects of supplementation. We investigated the influence of maternal rs12936231 genotype variation on the protective effect of prenatal vitamin D3supplementation against offspring asthma/recurrent wheeze.MethodsWe determined the rs12936231 genotype of mother–child pairs from two randomised controlled trials: the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART, n=613) and the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010, n=563), to examine the effect of maternal genotype variation on offspring asthma/recurrent wheeze at age 0–3 years between groups who received high-dose prenatal vitamin D3supplementationversusplacebo.ResultsOffspring of mothers with the low-risk GG or GC genotype who received high-dose vitamin D3supplementation had a significantly reduced risk of asthma/recurrent wheeze when compared with the placebo group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.54, 95% CI 0.37–0.77; p<0.001 for VDAART and HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.35–0.92; p=0.021 for COPSAC2010), whereas no difference was observed among the offspring of mothers with the high-risk CC genotype (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.61–1.84; p=0.853 for VDAART and HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.54–2.28; p=0.785 for COPSAC2010).ConclusionMaternal 17q21 genotype has an important influence on the protective effects of prenatal vitamin D3supplementation against offspring asthma/recurrent wheeze.
Safety and efficacy of low-dose intravenous arsenic trioxide in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label phase IIa trial (Lupsenic)
Authors: Hamidou Mohamed , Néel Antoine , Poupon Joel , Amoura Zahir , Ebbo Mikael , Sibilia Jean , Viallard Jean-Francois , Gaborit Benjamin , Volteau Christelle , Hardouin Jean Benoit , Hachulla Eric , Rieger François 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLupus animal model has shown that arsenic trioxide (ATO), a treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia, could be effective in SLE. This is the first clinical study to determine the safety and efficacy of a short course of intravenous ATO in patients with active SLE.MethodsThis phase IIa, open-label, dose-escalating study enrolled 11 adult SLE patients with a non-organ threatening disease, clinically active despite conventional therapy. Patients received 10 IV infusions of ATO within 24 days. The first group received 0.10 mg/kg per injection, with dose-escalating to 0.15 mg/kg in a second group, and to 0.20 mg/kg in a third group. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) and secondary endpoints were the number of SLE Responder Index 4 (SRI-4) responders at week 24 and reduction of corticosteroid dosage. In an exploratory analysis, we collected long-term data for safety and attainment of lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS).ResultsFour serious AEs occurred (grade 3 neutropenia, osteitis, neuropathy), 2 of which were attributable to ATO (neutropenia in the 2 patients treated with mycophenolate). Two patients suffered a severe flare during the last 4 weeks of the trial. At W24, five patients among 10 were SRI-4 responders. Overall, mean corticosteroid dosage decreased from 11.25 mg/day at baseline to 6 mg/day at W24 (P < 0.01). In the long term, 6 patients attained LLDAS at W52, which continued at last follow-up (median LLDAS duration 3 years, range 2–4).ConclusionsA short course of ATO has an acceptable safety profile in SLE patients and encouraging efficacy.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov,NCT01738360 registered 30 November 2012
Structure‐based identification of dual ligands at the A2AR and PDE10A with anti‐proliferative effects in lung cancer cell‐lines
Authors: Kalash Leen , Winfield Ian , Safitri Dewi , Bermudez Marcel , Carvalho Sabrina , Glen Robert , Ladds Graham , Bender Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnhanced/prolonged cAMP signalling has been suggested as a suppressor of cancer proliferation. Interestingly, two key modulators that elevate cAMP, the A2A receptor (A2AR) and phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), are differentially co-expressed in various types of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) cell-lines. Thus, finding dual-target compounds, which are simultaneously agonists at the A2AR whilst also inhibiting PDE10A, could be a novel anti-proliferative approach. Using ligand- and structure-based modelling combined with MD simulations (which identified Val84 displacement as a novel conformational descriptor of A2AR activation), a series of known PDE10A inhibitors were shown to dock to the orthosteric site of the A2AR. Subsequent in-vitro analysis confirmed that these compounds bind to the A2AR and exhibit dual-activity at both the A2AR and PDE10A. Furthermore, many of the compounds exhibited promising anti-proliferative effects upon NSCLC cell-lines, which directly correlated with the expression of both PDE10A and the A2AR. Thus, we propose a structure-based methodology, which has been validated in in-vitro binding and functional assays, and demonstrated a promising therapeutic value.
Effect of passivator DHJ-C on the growth and cadmium accumulation of Brassica napus in Cd-contaminated soil
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Qian , Wan Yunbao , Cao Chenxi , Bai Jiuyuan , Wang Rui , Zhao Yun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe farmland polluted by cadmium is increasing drastically, which seriously threatened agricultural production and food safety. Nowadays, efficient and convenient way to solve the problem is urgently needed. In this experiment, a particular compound passivator DHJ-C was applied for soil remediation by pot experiment and the effect on both soil and plant was evaluated. The DHJ-C reduced the toxicity of Cd on soil enzyme activity and growth inhibition on Brassica napus. The soil urease and sucrase activity were significantly increased. The dry weight of mature oilseed rape increased by 14.6–36.0% and the yield of seeds increased by 14.1–52% per plant, which suggested that the passivator effectively reduced the detrimental effects on rape. Similarly, the results of physiology and biochemistry also indicated that DHJ-C can distinctly alleviate the inhibitory effect of Cd on plant growth. Such as the MDA content in plant was reduced by 52.1% in 10 mg/kg Cd treatment. Compared with control, Cd accumulation in seedling stage and mature period was significantly reduced as the concentration of Cd in aboveground part even decreased by 18.4 and 32.0% respectively. Overall, DHJ-C hold sufficient ability to be applied as an excellent passivator to reduce Cd toxicity in contaminated soil and significantly increase the yield of rapeseed.
Evaluation of the Solar Quiet Reference Field (SQRF) model for space weather applications in the South America Magnetic Anomaly
Authors: Chen Sony Su , Denardini Clezio Marcos , Resende Láysa Cristina Araujo , Chagas Ronan Arraes Jardim , Moro Juliano , da Silva Régia Pereira , do Carmo Carolina de Sousa , Picanço Giorgio Arlan da Silva 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present work, we evaluate the accuracy of the Solar Quiet Reference Field (SQRF) model for estimating and predicting the geomagnetic solar quiet (Sq) daily field variation in the South America Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) region. This model is based on the data set of fluxgate magnetometers from 12 magnetic stations of the Embrace Magnetometer Network (Embrace MagNet) from 2010 to 2018. The model predicts the monthly average horizontal field of the geomagnetic quiet (Sq-H) daily variation solving a set of equations for the specified geographic coordinates in terms of the solar cycle activity, the day of the year, and the universal time. We carried out two comparisons between the prediction and observational data of the Sq-H field. The first part attempts to evaluate the accuracy for estimating the Sq-H field over Medianeira (MED, 25.30° S, 54.11° W, dip angle: − 33.45°) by using linear interpolation on the SQRF coefficients and comparing it with the data collected from April to December in 2018. None of the datasets collected at MED is part of the dataset used to build the SQRF model. The second part of the analysis attempts to evaluate the accuracy for predicting the quiet daily field variation over Cachoeira Paulista (CXP, 22.70° S, 45.01° W, dip angle: − 38.48°). The dataset collected at CXP before the period analyzed in the present work is part of the dataset used to build the SQRF model. Thus, the prediction accuracy is tested using magnetic data outside the time interval considered in the model. The prediction results for both locations show that this empirical model’s outputs present a good agreement with the Sq-H field obtained from the ground-based magnetometer measurements. The accuracy of the SQRF model (high correlation, r > 0.9) indicates a high potential for estimating and predicting geomagnetic quiet daily field variation. Concerning space weather applications, the model improves the scientific insight and capability of space weather prediction centers to predict the variability of the regular solar quiet field variation as reference conditions, which may include areas with no measurements.
Across-fault ground motions and their effects on some bridges in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake
Authors: Lin Yuanzheng , Zong Zhouhong , Lin Jin , Li Yale , Chen Yiyan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSimply-supported bridges are vulnerable to surface fault rupture as evidenced by several fault-crossing bridges in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. To investigate the seismic collapse mechanism of simply-supported bridges crossing the fault, across-fault ground motions are firstly simulated in the present study. In particular, based on a previously developed fault model of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, broadband across-fault ground motions at six fault-crossing bridges are simulated using the hybrid deterministic-stochastic method, in which the low- and high-frequency components are computed using the deterministic Green’s function method and the stochastic finite-fault modeling method, respectively. The simulation results indicate that the hybrid deterministic-stochastic method can give reasonable predictions to the across-fault ground motions. Furthermore, utilizing the explicit dynamic finite element (FE) code LS-DYNA, behaviors of a three-span simply-supported bridge under a selected pair of across-fault ground motions are numerically simulated. Numerical results indicate that the structural responses and collapse mechanisms are dominated by the low-frequency ground motions. The large differential static offset across the fault is the main reason for the collapse of the simply-supported bridges. This study contributes understandings for the across-fault ground motions and the collapse mechanism of some bridges in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake.
Bottled water brands are contaminated with multidrug resistant bacteria in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Adam Mohamed Safia , Nyerere Andrew , Sang Willie Kipkemboi , Ngayo Musa 
Published: March 2021

Background: The demand for drinking water has necessitated the proliferation of bottled water companies in Kenya. This study evaluated if retailed bottled water in Nairobi Kenya complies with both local and international reference criteria. Methods: A total of 42 different water brands (25 approved by Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) and 17 banned brands) were analyzed for both physicochemical and bacteriological quality. The spread plate method was used to obtain the total plate count of bacteria, while the membrane filter method was used to obtain total coliform count (TCC) and fecal coliform count (FCC). Structured interviews were used to gather company-related information. Results: Overall, 16% of KRA-approved and 35.3% of banned bottled water were contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria. Of the approved water brands, 4% were positive for total coliforms, compared with 17% of the banned brands. Similarly, 4% and 17% approved and banned water brands were positive for fecal coliforms, respectively. Escherichia coli (19.1%), Pseudomonas spp. (9.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (4.8%) were the most common bacterial types isolated from all water brands, most of which exhibited multidrug resistance. In multivariable analysis, water companies that cleaned pipework and bottles using chlorine-based disinfectants (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.8), those that had food safety programs (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.019 to 0.9), had standard operating procedures (SOP) for water sourcing (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.9) and SOP for contamination protection (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.9) remained independently associated with bottled water brands exceeding WHO TCC limits. Conclusions: A number of bottled water brands were contaminated with one or more types of indicator bacteria, some of which were multidrug-resistant. Water bottling companies’ processes contribute to contamination. Rigorous regulation and monitoring will improve water quality and safety.
Medical negligence in healthcare organizations and its impact on patient safety and public health: a bibliometric study
Authors: Dahlawi Saad , Menezes Ritesh G , Khan Mohammad Ajmal , Waris Abu , Saifullah - , Naseer Mirza Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Background: Medical negligence is an increasing public health concern among healthcare providers worldwide as it affects patient safety. It poses a significant risk of patient injury, disease, disability, or death. The WHO has recognized deficiencies in patient safety as a global healthcare issue to be addressed. This study aimed to analyze various components of medical negligence research literature. Methods: Bibliographic data visualizations tools like Biblioshiny (RStudio) and VOSviewer were used besides MS Excel to examine the types of documents, annual scientific production, top contributing authors and their impact, authorship patterns and collaboration, top contributing countries and organizations, most significant sources of publication, most cited documents, and most frequently used keywords. Bibliometric methods were used to analyze the bibliographic records of research output on medical negligence downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection. Results: The annual productivity of medical negligence research was increasing gradually. The most productive period for medical negligence research was 2011-2020. Bird contributed the highest number of publications to medical negligence literature while Brennan emerged as the highly cited author. Single-authored publications on medical negligence were not highly cited. The United States was the highest contributing country and the University of South Florida was the highest contributing organization while Harvard University was a highly cited organization. Nine out of the top ten contributing organizations were academic institutions and most of them belonged to the United States. The most important sources of publication on this topic were The Lancet and British Medical Journal. Localio et al. was the most important research article on medical negligence research. Conclusion: Due to increasing attention on this topic, there was a sharp increase in the research output on medical negligence. This is of significance as the WHO set in motion a patient safety program almost two decades ago.
Broadband noise-like pulse generation at 1  µm via dispersion and nonlinearity management
Authors: Zhou Ji , Li Yuhang , Ma Yaoguang , Yang Qing , Liu Qiang 
Published: March 2021

We demonstrate that optical microfibers integrated in Yb-doped fiber
lasers boost broadband noise-like pulse (NLP) generation via
dispersion and nonlinearity management, with an optical spectrum
spanning from below 1000 nm to beyond 1600 nm when the diameter of the
optical microfiber is 1.2 µm. Numerical simulations show that
dispersion and nonlinearity management provided by the optical
microfiber is responsible for the broadband NLP generation.
Furthermore, it is shown experimentally that dispersion and
nonlinearity management via optical microfibers can also bring the
highest optical rogue waves along with the broadest optical
spectrum.
Two-stage artificial neural network-based burst-subcarrier joint equalization in nonlinear frequency division multiplexing systems
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Ming Hao , Li Chenjia , He Guangqiang , Zhang Fan 
Published: March 2021

We propose an artificial neural network (ANN)-based scheme to improve the performance of nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (NFDM) optical transmission systems in both time and frequency domain. Through two-stage ANN equalization at the receiver side, time-domain distortions between adjacent bursts and frequency-domain cross talk between neighboring subcarriers can be jointly mitigated. Burst ANN and Subcarrier ANN equalizers are characterized and validated by numerical simulations of a dual-polarization NFDM transmission system. Compared with the basic detection scheme, the proposed two-stage ANN achieves a Q-factor gain of 3.01 dB for an NFDM system with 256 Gb/s gross data rate transmitting over 960 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). The two-stage ANN approach offers an effective way to jointly equalize the signal in multiple dimensions.