bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mathematical model using routine serum biomarkers for predicting of pulmonary hypertension in patients with left heart disease
Authors: Tan Lanlan , Jin Peng , Zhou Qi , Wu Xiaojing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) insidiously occurs in patients with left heart disease (LHD), but its diagnosis is often delayed due to the lack of specific symptoms. This observational study aimed to identify a biomarker panel for the noninvasive detection of PH in LHD patients. Methods: Patients with LHD were consecutively recruited and analyzed for correlations between the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and levels of routine serum biomarkers, and 100 age-matched subjects served as healthy controls. The diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Forward stepwise binary logistic regression was performed to determine the optimal combination of biomarkers for predicting PH.Results: A total of 426 LHD patients were divided into the LHD group (n=216, PASP <35 mmHg) and PH-LHD group (n=210, PASP ≥35 mmHg). The ranges of routinely examined biomarkers were significantly different between the two groups. The levels of biomarkers, including brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), indirect bilirubin (IB), red cell distribution width (RDW), uric acid (UA), and cystatin c (Cys-C), were higher, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower in the PH-LHD group than in the LHD and healthy control groups. Positive correlations were found between the PASP and levels of BNP, Cys-C, UA, bilirubin, and RDW, while a negative correlation was found between the PASP and HDL level. A mini program based on the formula “P=1/(1+exp(6,314-0.898×[BNP]/1000-0.146×[DB]-0.318×[RDW]))” was developed using forward stepwise binary regression for calculating the probability of PH. The combination of BNP, DB, and RDW (cutoff, 0.256) demonstrated a better predictive value than did individual biomarkers, with a sensitivity of 0.822 and specificity of 0.783 in the prediction of PH in LHD patients. Conclusion: The combination of BNP, bilirubin, and RDW shows promise as a simple method for screening LHD patients for PH.
Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Inflammatory Cytokines with the Clinicopathological Features of Breast Cancer in Female Saudi Patients
Authors: Gharib Amal F. , Askary Ahmad El , Almehmadi Mazen , Elsawy Wael H. , Allam Hatem H. , Elsayyad Lamiaa K. , Ayoub Manal Ali , Shafie Alaa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is considered to be the most common leading cause of cancer related death among women in Saudi Arabia. Many researches supposed a strong correlation between vitamin D and different types of cancer. Patients and methods: We aimed to study the implication of serum vitamin D, calcium, interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and chemerin on progression of breast cancer. One hundred female Saudi patients were included in the current research and we assessed their serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, IL-6, TNF-α and chemerin. Results: vitamin D was significantly decreased in tumors with high grade (P < 0.0001), patients with obesity (P = 0.013), negative estrogen receptors (ER) (P < 0.0001), negative progesterone receptors (PR) (P < 0.0001) and positive HER2 receptors (P < 0.0001). It was also decreased in large tumors (P < 0.0001), patients with axillary lymph node involvement (P < 0.0001) and in the patients with advanced clinical stage (P < 0.0001). Moreover, higher levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, chemerin were significantly related to breast cancer and its advanced stages. Conclusion: vitamin D deficiency and elevated inflammatory cytokines (IL6, TNF-α and chemerin) are associated with breast cancer progression in female Saudi patients.
The mirror mechanism in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Valizadeh Amir , Amlashi Nazanin Hedayati , Rasooli Anita , Mbwogge Mathew , Haadi Ainaaz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Mirror neurons are visuomotor neurons that perform mirror mechanisms, meaning each time an individual observes another individual performing an action, these neurons which encode that action, are activated in the observer’s cortical motor system. One of the cognitive domains of controversy in schizophrenia is Motor Resonance, also known as the Mirror Neuron System (MNS). In the current paper, we aim to review all the available literature regarding mirror mechanism examination in patients with schizophrenia and present an explicit summary of the available findings up to this date.Methods: We will search MEDLINE (through PubMed), Embase, and Web of Science for papers which evaluated the functional integrity of MNS, using Electroencephalography (EEG), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), Eye-tracking, and muscle activation (EMG) in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We will perform a meta-synthesis based on vote counting methods on the data. We will also evaluate the publication bias using Funnel plots and assess the confidence in cumulative evidence using CERQual.
Application of Marginal Models to Identify Risk Factors of Childhood Stunting in Ethiopia
Authors: Gobena Woldemariam Erkalo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Child malnutrition is an underlying cause of almost half (45%) of child deaths, particularly in low socioeconomic communities of developing countries. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of stunting decreased from 47% in 2005 to 39% in 2016. Objective: The main objective of the study was identifying risk factors of stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia using marginal models.Methods: Data was taken from the EDHS 2016, which is a nationally representative survey of children in the 0-59 month age groups. Generalized estimating equation and alternating logistic regression models from marginal models family were used for the analysis. Results: The result of the analysis revealed that the variables child’s age, mother’s education level, mother’s body mass index, place of residence, wealth index and previous birth interval were found to be significant determinants of childhood stunting in Ethiopia and from the result it is revealed that children born with lower previous birth interval (less than 24 months) were more likely to be stunted than those born within higher birth interval. Children of rural Ethiopia were more likely to be stunted than children of urban Ethiopia. Conclusion: It is suggested that for reducing childhood malnutrition, due emphasis should be given in improving the knowledge and practice of parents on appropriate young child feeding practice and frequent growth monitoring together with appropriate and timely interventions.
Causal effect of Insulin Resistance on Small Vessel Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Zhou Mengyuan , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong , Wang Yilong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The causal effect of insulin resistance on small vessel stroke and Alzheimer Disease was controversial in previous studies.
Methods
We selected 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with body mass index (BMI)-adjusted fasting insulin levels and 5 SNPs associated with gold standard measures of insulin resistance as instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Summary statistical data of SNP-small vessel stroke and of SNP-AD associations were derived from the Multi-ancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Stroke Consortium and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-Alzheimer’s Disease Workgroup data of individuals of European ancestry. Two-sample MR estimates were conducted with inverse-variance-weighted, robust inverse-variance-weighted, simple median, weighted median, weighted mode-based estimator, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier methods.
Results
Genetically predicted higher insulin resistance had a higher odds ratio (OR) of small vessel stroke (OR 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.44; P = 0.01 using BMI-adjusted fasting insulin; OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07–1.46; P = 0.006 using gold standard measure of insulin resistance) and AD (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04–1.23; P = 0.004 using BMI-adjusted fasting insulin; OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00-1.03; P = 0.03 using gold standard measures of insulin resistance) using the inverse-variance-weighted method. No evidence of pleiotropy was found using MR-Egger regression.
Conclusion
Our findings provide genetic support for a causal effect of insulin resistance on small vessel stroke and AD. Further investigation on the involved mechanisms is needed.
The Determinants of Entrepreneurial Cognitions: Start-Up Intentions of Business Students in Vietnam
Authors: Vuong Bui Nhat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There have been thousands of literature reviews and research papers all over the world employing entrepreneurial intention as their powerful theoretical framework. Nevertheless, they mostly focused on personal traits and characteristics and ignored entrepreneurial education, especially in the Vietnam context. To fulfill this gap, this study was conducted with the ultimate aim is to detect and evaluate the impact of perceived education support undergraduates received in universities, self-efficacy, and the Theory of Planned Model on entrepreneurial intention among business students. In the study, a conceptual model was proposed and tested on a sample of 312 undergraduates in some universities in Vietnam. The SmartPLS version 3.0 was employed to analyze the statistical data collected in electronic and paper forms. The statistical data was used to assess the measurement model and the structural model. The finding indicated that perceived education support and two elements of theory planned behavior, specifically, attitude towards entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control positively and significantly affect entrepreneurial intention. Besides, self-efficacy strengthens the positive relationship between attitude towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. Based on the findings, the paper suggests practical implications in terms of increasing the intention of entrepreneurship among undergraduates.
A Proposed Fetal Risk Scoring System for Gestational Diabetes to assist in optimizing Timing of Delivery
Authors: Bhorat Ismail , REDDY Tarylee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes is characterized by three main factors: macrosomia, increased metabolic rate and large vascular cross sections. A critical and crucial finding in diabetic pregnancies is that significant acidaemia and hyperlacticemia can occur in fetuses in the absence of hypoxaemia. The increased metabolic rate results in significant increases in oxidative metabolism but this capacity is reduced in fetuses due to low pyruvate dehydrogenase activity increasing the risk for acidosis. This pathophysiology is not recognized by standard monitoring models which revolves around placental insufficiency which is in fact not the problem in a gestational diabetic pregnancy. A proposed risk scoring system has been developed based on our previous studies to risk categorise gestational diabetics in terms of fetal outcome.Methods: The diabetic cases from four case-control studies were combined to form a total sample of 159 cases for validation of the risk scoring system. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of individual risk factors with proposed cutoffs on adverse pregnancy outcome. The diagnostic accuracy of the total summative score, was assessed by computing the area under the ROC curve.Results: Four potential parameters were identified to risk- categorise fetuses in a gestational diabetic pregnancy ie the myocardial performance index (MPI), E/A ratio (marker of diastolic dysfunction), increasing fetal weight (macrosomia) and increased amniotic fluid index (AFI). The total score, obtained by summation of the composite scores for parameters ranged from 0 to 11. The total score performed as an excellent predictor of adverse outcome, evidenced by the ROC area under the curve of 0.94. A cutpoint of 6 on the score confers a sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity of 90.2% for detection of adverse outcome. Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first Gestational Diabetic Scoring system proposed to predict an adverse outcome.
Urine Routine Test has Potential Predictive Value in Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Authors: Deng Zhuo , Lu Dan , Wang Xuanqi , Wang Jingyi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to discuss predictive value of a routine urine test for premature rupture of the membranes(PROM).Methods: We carried out the retrospective research after collecting routine urine test data from 45 cases of full preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and 45 cases of full-term preterm premature rupture of membranes (fPROM). In addition 70 healthy pregnant women (Normal) and 70 non-pregnant adult healthy women were enrolled. Parametric and Non-parametric tests was performed respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was established and we further calculated the area under the ROC curve (AUC). In this study multiple cutoffs were selected, afterwords the positive predictive value (PPV), the negative predictive value (NPV), the positive likelihood ratio (+LR) and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) were further calculated by sensitivity and specificity with the aim of finding the best cutoff point.Results: The results indicated that S/G and COND were significantly different between PROM and Non-pregnant and Normal groups. Significant differences in pH, WBCs, RBCs, BAC and EC between the PPROM and Normal groups were observed. When the cutoff for bacteria was 89.15, it had the largest AUC of 0.744. We found that its PPV 70.6%, NPV was 74.1%, +LR was 3.79, and –LR was 0.55.Conclusion: A routine urine test especially for bacterial counts can be used to predict the risk of PROM, which is expected to provide considerable predictive value for PROM.
Assessment of Gentamicin and Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Damage Mediated via Necrotic and Apoptosis Genes in Albino Rats
Authors: Barakat Mohamed El_Sayed , Abouzed Tarek Kamal , Sherif Eman Abd Elrahman , Sadek Kadry Mohamed , Aldhahrani Adil , Nasr Nasr Elsayed , Khailo Khaled , Dorghamm Doaa Abdallha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Gentamycin (GM) is a low-cost, low-resistance antibiotic commonly used to treat gram-negative bacterial diseases. Cisplatin (Csp) is a platinum-derived anti-neoplastic agent. This experiment aimed to identify the early signs of gentamicin and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 10: a control group, which received no treatment; a gentamicin group administered by a dose of (100 mg/kg, IP) for 7 consecutive days, and a cisplatin group was administered intraperitoneal in a dose of (1.5mg/kg body weight) repeated twice a week for 3weeks. Results: Both experimental groups exhibited increased levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid, with the cisplatin-treated group showing higher levels than the gentamicin group. Experimental groups also exhibited significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) with more pronounced effects in the cisplatin-treated group. Further, both experimental groups exhibited significant up-regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), caspase-3, and Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2. Conclusion: These findings confirm the use of necrotic, apoptotic genes as early biomarkers in the detection of tubular kidney damage. Further, cisplatin was shown to have a greater nephrotoxic effect than gentamicin; therefore, its use should be constrained accordingly when co-administered with gentamicin.
Detecting objects behind scattering media using vortex beams and deep learning
Authors: Balasubramaniam Ganesh M. , Biton Netanel , Arnon Shlomi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Reconstructing objects behind scattering media is a challenging issue with applications in biomedical imaging, non-distractive testing, computer-assisted surgery, and autonomous vehicular systems. Such systems’ main challenge is the multiple scattering of the photons in the angular and spatial domain, which results in a blurred image. Previous works try to improve the reconstructing ability using deep learning algorithms, with some success. We enhance these methods by illuminating the set-up using several modes of vortex beams obtaining a series of time-gated images corresponding to each mode. The images are accurately reconstructed using a deep learning algorithm by analyzing the pattern captured in the camera. This study shows that using vortex beams instead of Gaussian beams enhances the deep learning algorithm’s image reconstruction ability in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by ~ 2.5 dB and ~1 dB when low and high scattering scatterers are used respectively.
Peralkalinity in peraluminous granitic pegmatites. I. Evidence from whewellite and hydrogen carbonate in fluid inclusions
Authors: Liu Yongchao , Schmidt Christian , Li Jiankang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fluid inclusions in pegmatite minerals were studied using Raman spectroscopy to determine the carbon species. Carbon dioxide is very abundant in the aqueous liquid and vapor phases. Occasionally, CH4 was found in the vapor. In the aqueous liquid, HCO3− was detected in fluid inclusions in tantalite-(Mn) from the Morrua Mine and in late-stage quartz from the Muiâne pegmatite and the Naipa Mine, all in the Alto Ligonha District, Mozambique. Moreover, we observed a carbonate (calcite group) in fluid inclusions in garnet from the Naipa Mine and in beryl from the Morrua Mine, both in the Alto Ligonha District, Mozambique, and a calcite-group carbonate and whewellite [CaC2O4∙H2O] in fluid inclusions in topaz from Khoroshiv, Ukraine. The occurrence of oxalate is interpreted to be due to a reaction of some form of carbon (possibly CO or bitumen) with a peralkaline fluid. Our results support the hypothesis that, although counterintuitive, hydrogen carbonate-rich peralkaline fluids may locally be involved in the evolution of peraluminous granitic pegmatites, in which peralkaline minerals are normally absent or very rare.
Ferro-papikeite, ideally NaFe22+(Fe32+Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2, a new orthorhombic amphibole from Nordmark (Western Bergslagen), Sweden: Description and crystal structure
Authors: Hawthorne Frank C. , Day Maxwell C. , Fayek Mostafa , Linthout Kees , Lustenhouwer Wim. J. , Oberti Roberta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ferro-papikeite, ideally NaFe22+(Fe32+Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2, is a new mineral of the amphibole supergroup from the Filipstad Municipality, Värmland County, Central Sweden, where it occurs in a medium-grade felsic metavolcanic rock. Ferro-papikeite is pale brown with a translucent luster, has a colorless to very pale-brown streak, and shows no fluorescence under long-wave or short-wave ultraviolet light. Grains are subhedral, 0.4–3.0 mm in size, and show well-developed {210} cleavage. It has a Mohs hardness of ~6 and is brittle with a splintery fracture, has the characteristic perfect {210} cleavage of orthorhombic amphiboles, intersecting at ~56°, and the calculated density is 3.488 g/cm3. In transmitted plane-polarized light, ferro-papikeite is moderately pleochroic X = very pale brown, Y = Z = honey brown; X &lt; Y = Z. Ferro-papikeite is biaxial (+), α = 1.674(2), β = 1.692(2), γ = 1.716(2), 2Vmeas = 86.2(9) and 2Vcalc = 88.3°, dispersion is r &lt; v, weak. The orientation is: X || a, Y || b, Z || c.
Ferro-papikeite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, a = 18.628(4), b = 17.888(4), c = 5.3035(11) Å, V = 1767.2(6) Å3, Z = 4. The strongest ten X-ray diffraction lines in the powder pattern are [d in Å(I) (hkl)]: 8.255(100)(210), 3.223(39)(440), 3.057(68)(610), 2.824(28)(251), 2.674(41)(351), 2.572(56) (161,621), 2.549(38)(202), 2.501(50)(261,451), 2.158(25)(502), and 1.991(31)(661). Chemical analysis by electron microprobe gave SiO2 36.50, Al2O3 22.24, TiO2 0.09, FeO 31.54, MnO 0.65, MgO 5.48, CaO 0.08, Na2O 2.35, F 0.22, H2Ocalc 1.85, O=F –0.09, sum 100.91 wt%. The formula unit, calculated on the basis of 24 (O+OH+F) with (OH) = 2 apfu and Fe3+ = 0.13 apfu (determined from the &lt;M2–O&gt; distance) is A(Na0.70Ca0.01)B+C(Mg1.25Fe3.902+Mn0.082+Al1.62Fe0.132+Ti0.014+)Σ6.99T(Si5.60Al2.40)Σ8O22(OH1.89F0.11)2. The crystal structure of ferro-papikeite was refined to an R-index of 3.60% using 2335 unique observed reflections collected with MoKa X-radiation. [4]Al3+ is ordered over the four T sites as follows: T1B &gt; T1A &gt; T2B &gt;&gt; T2a, [6]Al3+ is completely ordered at M2, and Fe2+ is strongly ordered at M4. The A site is split with Na+ strongly ordered at A1. End-member ferro-papikeite is related to end-member gedrite, ☐Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2, by the substitutions Na+ → ☐, Fe2+ → Mg, and Al3+ → Si4+. The description of ferro-papikeite as a new species further emphasizes the compositional similarities between the monoclinic calcium amphiboles and the orthorhombic magnesium-iron-manganese amphiboles.
Assessment of groundwater potential zone using GIS-based multi-inﬂuencing factor (MIF), multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and electrical resistivity survey techniques in Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Jhariya D. C. , Khan Rubia , Mondal K. C. , Kumar Tarun , K. Indhulekha , Singh Vikal K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study involved the combined applications of advanced techniques and tools like remote sensing, geographic informatic system (GIS), electrical resistivity, MCDA, to assess the potential zones of groundwater occurrence. Several prepared thematic layers, including geology, geomorphology, rainfall, lineament, land use land cover (LULC), drainage density, soil type, slope, and soil texture, were assigned with a weight, depending on their influence on groundwater potential. Normalization concerned with relative contribution is applied in this study using the AHP method. Vertical electrical sounding has been conducted on different points to locate water-bearing formations/fracture zones. The resulting groundwater potential areas that are delineated applying these methods have been categorized into five zones, low, medium, medium-high, high, and very high potential. The groundwater potential zones demarcated show that high potential zones are present in the west and north-eastern portion, while low to medium groundwater potential is located in the central and eastern portion. The obtained result was validated using well yield data, and ROC method from which result accuracy obtained is 80% and the area under the ROC curve is found to be 0.857 at a significance value of less than 0.001, which justifies the efficacy of the proposed approach in the demarcation of groundwater potential zone.