bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal dynamics of the cerebello‐cortical convergence in ventro‐lateral motor thalamus
Authors: Schäfer Carmen B. , Gao Zhenyu , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Hoebeek Freek E. 
Published: January 2021

Key points
Ventrolateral thalamus (VL) integrates information from cerebellar nuclei and motor cortical layer VI.
Inputs from the cerebellar nuclei evoke large‐amplitude responses that depress upon repetitive stimulation while layer VI inputs from motor cortex induce small‐amplitude facilitating responses.
We report that the spiking of VL neurons can be determined by the thalamic membrane potential, the frequency of cerebellar inputs and the duration of pauses after cerebellar high frequency stimulation.
Inputs from motor cortical layer VI shift the VL membrane potential and modulate the VL spike output in response to cerebellar stimulation.
These results help us to decipher how the cerebellar output is integrated in VL and modulated by motor cortical input.
AbstractOrchestrating complex movements requires well‐timed interaction of cerebellar, thalamic and cerebral structures, but the mechanisms underlying the integration of cerebro‐cerebellar information in motor thalamus remain largely unknown. Here we investigated how excitatory inputs from cerebellar nuclei (CN) and primary motor cortex layer VI (M1‐L6) neurons may regulate the activity of neurons in the mouse ventrolateral (VL) thalamus. Using dual‐optical stimulation of the CN and M1‐L6 axons and in vitro whole‐cell recordings of the responses in VL neurons, we studied the individual responses as well as the effects of combined CN and M1‐L6 stimulation. Whereas CN inputs evoked large‐amplitude responses that were depressed upon repetitive stimulation, M1‐L6 inputs elicited small‐amplitude responses that were facilitated upon repetitive stimulation. Moreover, pauses in CN stimuli could directly affect VL spiking probability, an effect that was modulated by VL membrane potential. When CN and M1‐L6 pathways were co‐activated, motor cortical afferents increased the thalamic spike output in response to cerebellar stimulation, indicating that CN and M1 synergistically, yet differentially, control the membrane potential and spiking pattern of VL neurons.
<p class="Body"><strong>Three new species of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) associated with <em>Melicope pteleifolia</em> from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China</strong></p>
Authors: Ruan Hong Yan , Hu Lin , Cui Xue Yu , Tan Meng Chao 
Published: January 2021

During a field survey in 2019, three new species of eriophyoid mites were collected from Melicope pteleifolia, in Rongan county, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Aceria melicope sp. nov. causes blister-like galls on the upper side of the leaves, forming thickened, wrinkled and distorted leaves. Phyllocoptruta pteleifoliae sp. nov. and Diptilomiopus ronganensis sp. nov. are vagrant on the leaves and no apparent symptom was observed.
Polyclonal Dissemination of NDM-1- and NDM-9-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in French Polynesia
Authors: Oueslati Saoussen , Emeraud Cécile , Grosperrin Victor , Levy Marc , Cotellon Garance , Creton Elodie , Gauthier Lauraine , Bonnin Rémy A. , Naas Thierry , Dortet Laurent 
Published: January 2021

The whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed a polyclonal dissemination of NDM-1 and NDM-9 variants in
Escherichia coli
(
n
= 20) and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(
n
= 2) in Tahiti since 2015 via interspecies transfer of three different
bla
NDM
-carrying plasmids (IncR, IncHI2, and IncF) and patient-to-patient cross-transmission. It highlights the potential risk of importation of NDM producers in France, where French Polynesia is not considered
stricto sensu
a foreign country from which repatriated patients have to be screened.
Postservice lower limb amputation in Scottish military veterans
Authors: Bergman Beverly P , Mackay DF , Pell JP 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionRecent attention has focused on veterans who have lost limbs in conflict, but the number of UK veterans who lose limbs to disease is unknown. We used data from the Trends in Scottish Veterans’ Health study to explore postservice lower limb amputation.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cohort study of 78 000 veterans and 253 000 non-veterans born between 1945 and 1995, matched for age, sex and area of residence. We used survival analysis to examine the risk of amputation in veterans compared with non-veterans, and explored associations with antecedent disease.ResultsWe found no difference between veterans and non-veterans in the risk of lower limb amputation, which was recorded in 145 (0.19%) veterans and 464 (0.18%) non-veterans (Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) 1.00, 95% CIs 0.82 to 1.20, p=0.961). Peripheral arterial disease was recorded in two-thirds of both veteran and non-veteran amputees, and type 2 diabetes in 41% of veterans and 33% of non-veterans, with a dual diagnosis in 32% of veterans and 26% of non-veterans. Trauma was an infrequent cause of amputation.ConclusionsAlthough in later life veterans are no more likely to lose a limb to disease than non-veterans, the number so affected greatly outweighs those who have lost limbs in conflict. The high public profile of conflict-related limb loss risks eclipsing the needs of veterans with disease-related loss. Support for ageing veterans who have lost limbs due to disease will require planning with the same care as that afforded to the victims of conflict if inequalities are to be avoided.
Eating Disorder Neuroimaging Initiative (EDNI): a multicentre prospective cohort study protocol for elucidating the neural effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy for eating disorders
Authors: Hamatani Sayo , Hirano Yoshiyuki , Sugawara Ayako , Isobe Masanori , Kodama Naoki , Yoshihara Kazufumi , Moriguchi Yoshiya , Ando Tetsuya , Endo Yuka , Takahashi Jumpei , Nohara Nobuhiro , Takamura Tsunehiko , Hori Hiroaki , Noda Tomomi , Tose Keima , Watanabe Keita , Adachi Hiroaki , Gondo Motoharu , Takakura Shu , Fukudo Shin , Shimizu Eiji , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro , Sato Yasuhiro , Sekiguchi Atsushi 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa is a refractory psychiatric disorder with a mortality rate of 5.9% and standardised mortality ratio of 5.35, which is much higher than other psychiatric disorders. The standardised mortality ratio of bulimia nervosa is 1.49; however, it is characterised by suicidality resulting in a shorter time to death. While there is no current validated drug treatment for eating disorders in Japan, cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is a well-established and commonly used treatment. CBT is also recommended in the Japanese Guidelines for the Treatment of Eating Disorders (2012) and has been covered by insurance since 2018. However, the neural mechanisms responsible for the effect of CBT have not been elucidated, and the use of biomarkers such as neuroimaging data would be beneficial.Methods and analysisThe Eating Disorder Neuroimaging Initiative is a multisite prospective cohort study. We will longitudinally collect data from 72 patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) and 70 controls. Data will be collected at baseline, after 21–41 sessions of CBT and 12 months later. We will assess longitudinal changes in neural circuit function, clinical data, gene expression and psychological measures by therapeutic intervention and analyse the relationship among them using machine learning methods.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by The Ethical Committee of the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (A2019-072). We will obtain written informed consent from all patients who participate in the study after they had been fully informed about the study protocol. All imaging, demographic and clinical data are shared between the participating sites and will be made publicly available in 2024.Trial registration numberUMIN000039841
Doctors of chiropractic working with or within integrated healthcare delivery systems: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Roseen Eric J. , Kasali Bolanle Aishat , Corcoran Kelsey , Masselli Kelsey , Laird Lance , Saper Robert B. , Alford Daniel P. , Cohen Ezra , Lisi Anthony , Atlas Steven J. , Bean Jonathan F. , Evans Roni , Bussières André 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionBack and neck pain are the leading causes of disability worldwide. Doctors of chiropractic (DCs) are trained to manage these common conditions and can provide non-pharmacological treatment aligned with international clinical practice guidelines. Although DCs practice in over 90 countries, chiropractic care is rarely available within integrated healthcare delivery systems. A lack of DCs in private practice, particularly in low-income communities, may also limit access to chiropractic care. Improving collaboration between medical providers and community-based DCs, or embedding DCs in medical settings such as hospitals or community health centres, will improve access to evidence-based care for musculoskeletal conditions.Methods and analysesThis scoping review will map studies of DCs working with or within integrated healthcare delivery systems. We will use the recommended six-step approach for scoping reviews. We will search three electronic data bases including Medline, Embase and Web of Science. Two investigators will independently review all titles and abstracts to identify relevant records, screen the full-text articles of potentially admissible records, and systematically extract data from selected articles. We will include studies published in English from 1998 to 2020 describing medical settings that have established formal relationships with community-based DCs (eg, shared medical record) or where DCs practice in medical settings. Data extraction and reporting will be guided by the Proctor Conceptual Model for Implementation Research, which has three domains: clinical intervention, implementation strategies and outcome measurement. Stakeholders from diverse clinical fields will offer feedback on the implications of our findings via a web-based survey.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval will not be obtained for this review of published and publicly accessible data, but will be obtained for the web-based survey. Our results will be disseminated through conference presentations and a peer-reviewed publication. Our findings will inform implementation strategies that support the adoption of chiropractic care within integrated healthcare delivery systems.
Multiparametric approach to the assessment of muon tomographic results for the inspection of a full-scale container
Authors: Riggi F. , Bandieramonte M. , Becciani U. , Bonanno D. L. , Bonanno G. , Fallica P. G. , Gallo G. , Grillo A. , La Rocca P. , Lo Presti D. , Petta C. , Pinto C. , Riggi S. , Romeo G. , Russo G. V. , Santagati G. , Valvo G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExperimental results from a dataset collected with a full-scale muon tomograph for the inspection of cargo containers were studied in a single scattering scenario with a multiparametric analysis based on the method of the Point Of Closest Approach (Poca). To search for high-Z materials, a 4 $$\hbox {dm}^3$$

dm
3

Pb block was positioned inside the volume to be inspected, in order to quantitatively investigate the appearance of the Poca signal. Signal-to-noise ratio and significance of the Poca signal were investigated by means of mono-dimensional spectra of the Poca components, for different values of the scattering angle between the incoming and outgoing muon tracks and with different angle-dependent weights. A systematic scan of two-dimensional maps was also carried out, as a strategy to search for possible enhancements to the Poca signal. A comparison was also done between the results obtained from the two half-volumes, one containing the Pb block and one left empty, to take into account the response of the detector and some aspects of the Poca strategy.
Longevity and power density of intermediate-to-deep geothermal wells in district heating applications
Authors: Hirvijoki Eero , Pfefferlé David , Lingam Manasvi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper assesses the potential of intermediate-to-deep geothermal wells for district heating purposes in non-hot spot regions as a means for replacing carbon-intensive heat sources. In analysing the problem of heat transfer from the bedrock to a flowing coolant in the well, we perform parameter scans to assess the longevity and power density of different-size wells and derive analytical estimates to explain salient characteristics of the well behaviour. The results are then utilized to illustrate how intermediate-to-deep geothermal wells would compare with the requirements of typical large-scale district heating systems, by using the city of Helsinki in Finland as an example.
Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in relation to C-Reactive Protein on Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Fang Dawei , Li Qingjian , Yan Ke , Xu Sennan , Jiang Jing , Che Xin , Zhang Yu , Qian Yiwen , Wang Zhiliang 
Published: January 2021

Purpose. To evaluate the relationships between C-reactive protein (CRP) and retinal and choroidal thickness by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods. The participants included in the prospective cross-sectional study underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Based on the CRP values, the subjects were divided into the CRP (+) group (

CRP
≥
8.2

mg/L) and the CRP (−) group (

CRP
<
8.2

mg/L). The retinal and choroidal thickness was compared between the two groups. Results. This study enrolled 43 right eyes of 43 subjects from the CRP (+) group and 86 right eyes of 86 gender- and age-match subjects from the CRP (−) group. The choroidal thickness in the CRP (+) group was thinner than that in the CRP (−) group except for the outer nasal sector of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid. However, the retinal thickness only in the inner temporal sector showed a significant difference. According to Pearson’s correlation analysis, the CRP was significantly negatively correlated with the choroidal thickness in all sectors and the retinal thickness only in the inner temporal and outer nasal sectors of the ETDRS grid. Conclusion. CRP levels are associated with retinal and choroidal thickness. The data related to the retinal and choroidal thickness changes may help understand the pathogenesis of specific ocular abnormalities in patients with systemic inflammation.
Inhibition of Hedgehog Signaling Alters Fibroblast Composition in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Steele Nina G. , Biffi Giulia , Kemp Samantha B. , Zhang Yaqing , Drouillard Donovan , Syu LiJyun , Hao Yuan , Oni Tobiloba E. , Brosnan Erin , Elyada Ela , Doshi Abhishek , Hansma Christa , Espinoza Carlos , Abbas Ahmed , The Stephanie , Irizarry-Negron Valerie , Halbrook Christopher J. , Franks Nicole E. , Hoffman Megan T. , Brown Kristee , Carpenter Eileen S. , Nwosu Zeribe C. , Johnson Craig , Lima Fatima , Anderson Michelle A. , Park Youngkyu , Crawford Howard C. , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Frankel Timothy L. , Rao Arvind , Bednar Filip , Dlugosz Andrzej A. , Preall Jonathan B. , Tuveson David A. , Allen Benjamin L. , Pasca di Magliano Marina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease characterized by an extensive fibroinflammatory stroma, which includes abundant cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) populations. PDAC CAFs are heterogeneous, but the nature of this heterogeneity is incompletely understood. The Hedgehog pathway functions in PDAC in a paracrine manner, with ligands secreted by cancer cells signaling to stromal cells in the microenvironment. Previous reports investigating the role of Hedgehog signaling in PDAC have been contradictory, with Hedgehog signaling alternately proposed to promote or restrict tumor growth. In light of the newly discovered CAF heterogeneity, we investigated how Hedgehog pathway inhibition reprograms the PDAC microenvironment.

Experimental Design:
We used a combination of pharmacologic inhibition, gain- and loss-of-function genetic experiments, cytometry by time-of-flight, and single-cell RNA sequencing to study the roles of Hedgehog signaling in PDAC.

Results:
We found that Hedgehog signaling is uniquely activated in fibroblasts and differentially elevated in myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAF) compared with inflammatory CAFs (iCAF). Sonic Hedgehog overexpression promotes tumor growth, while Hedgehog pathway inhibition with the smoothened antagonist, LDE225, impairs tumor growth. Furthermore, Hedgehog pathway inhibition reduces myCAF numbers and increases iCAF numbers, which correlates with a decrease in cytotoxic T cells and an expansion in regulatory T cells, consistent with increased immunosuppression.

Conclusions:
Hedgehog pathway inhibition alters fibroblast composition and immune infiltration in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment.
Palbociclib Renders Human Papilloma Virus–Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Vulnerable to the Senolytic Agent Navitoclax
Authors: Gadsden Nicholas J. , Fulcher Cory D. , Li Daniel , Shrivastava Nitisha , Thomas Carlos , Segall Jeffrey E. , Prystowsky Michael B. , Schlecht Nicolas F. , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Ow Thomas J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

We demonstrate that inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) leads to senescence in human papillomavirus (HPV)–negative (−) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but not in HPV-positive (+) HNSCC. The BCL-2 family inhibitor, navitoclax, has been shown to eliminate senescent cells effectively. We evaluated the efficacy of combining palbociclib and navitoclax in HPV− HNSCC. Three HPV− HNSCC cell lines (CAL27, HN31, and PCI15B) and three HPV+ HNSCC cell lines (UPCI-SCC-090, UPCI-SCC-154, and UM-SCC-47) were treated with palbociclib. Treatment drove reduced expression of phosphorylated Rb (p-Rb) and phenotypic evidence of senescence in all HPV− cell lines, whereas HPV+ cell lines did not display a consistent response by Rb or p-Rb and did not exhibit morphologic changes of senescence in response to palbociclib. In addition, treatment of HPV− cells with palbociclib increased both β-galactosidase protein expression and BCL-xL protein expression compared with untreated controls in HPV− cells. Co-expression of β-galactosidase and BCL-xL occurred consistently, indicating elevated BCL-xL expression in senescent cells. Combining palbociclib with navitoclax led to decreased HPV− HNSCC cell survival and led to increased apoptosis levels in HPV− cell lines compared with each agent given alone.

Implications:
This work exploits a key genomic hallmark of HPV− HNSCC (CDKN2A disruption) using palbociclib to induce BCL-xL–dependent senescence, which subsequently causes the cancer cells to be vulnerable to the senolytic agent, navitoclax.
Remote Control of Sea Surface Temperature on the Variability of Tropical Cyclone Activity Affecting Vietnam’s Coastline
Authors: Trinh Duong Hoang , Cuong Hoang Duc , Van Kham Duong , Kieu Chanh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study examines the teleconnection between sea surface temperature (SST) in different ocean regions and tropical cyclone (TC) activity affecting Vietnam’s coastal region. Using spatial correlation and principal component analyses, it is found that the variability of TCs affecting Vietnam during 1982–2018 is remotely connected with SST in the Indian Ocean, the southwestern Pacific Ocean, and the northern Philippine Sea. Among the three regions, SST in the northern Philippine Sea displays the most significant inverse relationship with TC activity in the South China Sea (SCS), with lower June–November TC accumulated energy (ACE) for warmer northern Philippine Sea SST. Further analyses of large-scale atmospheric circulations show that this teleconnection between the northern Philippine Sea SST and TC activity in the SCS is linked to the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ). Principal component analyses of the 200-hPa zonal wind associated with EASJ capture indeed a strong relationship between the second principal component, which characterizes the EASJ intensity, and ACE. Specifically, higher EASJ intensity corresponding to colder northern Philippine Sea SST would enhance large-scale ascending motion and low-level cyclonic anomalies in the SCS, which are favorable for TC formation and result in an overall increased ACE. Examination of the correlation between this second principal component and the northern Philippine Sea SST confirms that this correlation is statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. In this regard, these results support the Pacific–Japan teleconnection between the northern Philippine Sea SST and TC activity in the SCS.
Formation and decay of peat bogs in the vegetable belt of Switzerland
Authors: Egli Markus , Wiesenberg Guido , Leifeld Jens , Gärtner Holger , Seibert Jan , Röösli Claudia , Wingate Vladimir , Dollenmeier Wasja , Griffel Pascal , Suremann Jeannine , Weber Jan , Zyberaj Mergime , Musso Alessandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe rapidly collapsing glacial systems of the Alps produced a large number of melt-water lakes and mires after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the Late Glacial period. The Rhone-Aare-glacier system gave rise to large moorlands and lakes in the region of the Three Lakes Region of Western Switzerland. When moorlands are formed, they are efficient sinks of atmospheric carbon, but when transformed to agricultural land they are significant C sources. In addition, mires can be used as archives for reconstructing landscape evolution. We explored in more detail the dynamics of the landscape of the Three Lakes Region with a particular focus on the formation and degradation of mires. The Bernese part of the Three Lakes Region developed to become—after the optimisation of the water-levels of the Swiss Jura—the vegetable belt of Switzerland. The situation for agriculture, however, has now become critical due to an overexploitation of the peatland. Until c. 13 ka BP the entire region was hydrologically connected. An additional lake existed at the western end of the plain receiving sediments from the Aare river. Around 13 ka BP, this lake was isolated from the Aare river and completely silted up until c. 10 ka BP when a mire started to form. In the valley floor (‘Grosses Moos’), the meandering Aare and the varying level of the nearby lake of Neuchâtel caused a spatio-temporally patchy formation of mires (start of formation: 10–3 ka BP). Strong morphodynamics having high erosion and sedimentation rates and a high variability of the chemical composition of the deposited material prevailed during the early Holocene until c. 7.5 ka BP. The situation remained relatively quiet between 5 and 2 ka BP. However, during the last 2000 years the hydrodynamic and geomorphic activities have increased again. The optimisation of the Swiss Jura water-levels during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries enabled the transformation of moorland into arable land. As a consequence, the moorland strongly degraded. Mean annual C-losses in agricultural land are c. 4.9 t ha−1 and c. 2.4 t ha−1 in forests. Because forests limit, but not stop, the degradation of mires, agroforestry might be tested and propagated in future as alternative land-use systems for such sensitive areas.