bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of DRAINMOD-NII Model for Prediction of Nitrogen Losses Through Subsurface Drained Sandy Clay Under Cultivation in South West Punjab, India
Authors: DAR MEHRAJ U DIN , Singh J.P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the present study, DRAINMOD-NII model was calibrated for the years 2018-2019 and validated for the period 2019-2020 over the two cropping years. The model simulations were statistically evaluated by comparing the measured drain flows and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) with the model simulated drain outflows and nitrate loss. The study results depicted closer agreement between the simulated and observed results for both the calibration and validation periods. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the drainage rate was 8.88 cm more than observed data,15.41, 0.53 and 0.57 cm were the values recorded for PBIAS, modelling efficiency (NSE) and R2. The similar parameter values for nitrogen load were recorded to be 0.14, 2.76 ,0.84 and 0.88 respectively during the calibration period for rice wheat system. The model was statistically tested during the validation period also, confirming DRAINMOD-NII has the capability to simulate nitrogen losses from the area subjected to subsurface drainage system.
The preventive function of low-dose aspirin in mice with preeclampsia induced by PPAR-γ antagonist
Authors: Guo Yongbing , Zhu Yuchun , Sun Yu , Yang Huixia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn the present study, PPAR-γ antagonist was used to induce preeclampsia model in mice to explore the intervention effect and mechanism of aspirin on preeclampsia model mice.MethodsPregnant mice were injected intraperitoneally with PPAR-γ antagonist (2 mg/kg/d) at 8.5-12.5 days of pregnancy to establish PE mouse models. Two doses of LDA (10 mg/kg/d and 20 mg/kg/d) were given to the PE mouse models for intervention.The blood pressure, 24-hour proteinuria, urine protein/creatinine ratio, interleukin (IL)1-β and endoglin level in peripheral blood, placental PPAR-γ mRNA expression in placenta, the placenta weight and pathology of placenta and kidneys of mice from different groups were detected.ResultsLDA effectively decreased the blood pressure increase caused by PPAR-γ antagonist in mice, and the increase degree of urinary protein and urinary protein creatinine ratio was notably relieved.LDA also inhibited the overexpression of Endoglin and IL-β induced by PPAR-γ antagonist.In addition, LDA evidently increased the placental weight of preeclampsia mice.The placenta and kidney injury were obviously less serious.LDA alleviated the expression inhibition of PPAR-γ mRNA.The remission effect of 20mgLDA was significantly better than that of 10mg.Conclusions(1) LDA has a preventive effect in PE mice induced by PPAR-γ antagonist. (2) The preventive effect of LDA is dose-dependent in PE mouse models induced by PPAR-γ antagonist.
Smoking Modulates Different Secretory Subpopulations Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes in the Nasal and Bronchial Airways
Authors: Xu Ke , Shi Xingyi , Husted Christopher , Hong Rui , Wang Yichen , Ning Boting , Sullivan Travis , Rieger-Christ Kimberly , Duan Fenghai , Marques Helga , Gower Adam , Xiao Xiaohui , Liu Hanqiao , Liu Gang , Duclos Grant , Platt Michael , Spira Avrum , Mazzilli Sarah , Billatos Ehab , Lenburg Marc , Campbell Joshua , Beane Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity are influenced by viral entry (VE) gene expression patterns in airway epithelium. The similarities and differences of VE gene expression (ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL) across nasal and bronchial compartments has not been fully characterized using matched samples from large cohorts. Results: Gene expression data from 793 nasal and 1,673 bronchial brushes obtained from individuals participating in lung cancer screening or diagnostic workup revealed that smoking was the only clinical factor significantly and reproducibly associated with VE gene expression. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression were higher in smokers in the bronchus but not in the nose. scRNA-seq of nasal brushings indicated that ACE2 co-expressed genes were highly expressed in club and C15orf48+ secretory cells while TMPRSS2 co-expressed genes were highly expressed in keratinizing epithelial cells. In contrast, these ACE2 and TMPRSS2 modules were highly expressed in goblet cells in scRNA-seq from bronchial brushings. Cell-type deconvolution of the RNA-seq confirmed that smoking increased the abundance of several secretory cell populations in the bronchus, but only goblet cells in the nose. Conclusions: The association of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with smoking in the bronchus is due to their high expression in goblet cells which increase in abundance in current smoker airways. In contrast, in the nose these genes are not predominantly expressed in cell populations modulated by smoking. Smoking-induced VE gene expression changes in the nose likely has minimal impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection, but in the bronchus, smoking may lead to higher viral loads and more severe disease.
Fatty Acid-Inducible Part/ANGPTL4 Regulates Lipid Oxidation Response to Gelsemium Elegans Alkaloids
Authors: Wu Yong , Wang Li-Li , Hu Xing-ping , Song Shiyu , Zhao Na-Jiao , Feng YuJian , Guo Jianping , Liu Zhao-Ying , Sun Zhi-Liang , Liu Yisong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background：The Gelsemium elegans alkaloids have been used in animal feed additives and already achieved terrific results in the pig’s gut health and weight gain. A series of studies have been conducted to explore the mechanisms by which it improves gut health and promotes growth. However, hardly any research has been done in the metabolic changes G. elegans alkaloids elicit in pork muscle. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase-mediated plasma triglyceride clearance, is transcribed at a higher rate relative to others in G. elegans alkaloids non-feeding muscle than in G. elegans alkaloids feeding muscle.Methods：A total of 24 muscle tissues and corresponding blood samples were collected from pigs and Target RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent according to the manufacturer's instructions. Histological and immunofluorescence analysis combined with Western blot analysis were utilized to further explore the possible mechanism of ANGPTL4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ(PPARD).Results： This phenomenon results from that ANGPTL4 in G. elegans alkaloids non-feeding muscle is mediated by elevated plasma free fatty acids via PPARD, presumably leading to reduced local uptake of plasma triglyceride-derived fatty acids and their sparing for use by feeding with G. elegans alkaloids. In contrast, the transcription of ANGPTL4 in G. elegans alkaloids feeding muscle likely is counteracted via lipoprotein lipase(LPL)-mediated negative-regulation, promoting the use of plasma triglycerides as fuel for active muscles. Conclusion：The experimental result indicates that the muscle and the local regulation of ANGPTL4 via PPARD and LPL have critical roles in governing lipid homeostasis during the feeding process of pigs and will shed light on the molecular mechanism discovered by G. elegans alkaloids.
Method to Determine the Statistical Technical Variability of SUV Parameters
Authors: De Luca Giulia Maria Rita , Habraken Jan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Some of the parameters used for the quantification of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images are the Standardized Uptake Value (SUV)Max, SUVMean and SUVPeak. In order to assess the significance of an increasing or decreasing of these parameters for diagnostic purposes it is relevant to know their standard deviation. The sources of the standard deviation can be divided in biological and technical. In this study we present a method to determine the technical variation of the SUV in PET images.Results: This method was tested on images of a NEMA quality phantom with spheres of various diameters with full-length acquisition time of 150 s per bed position and foreground to background activity ratio of F18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) of 10:1. Our method is based on dividing the full-length 150 s acquisition into subsets of shorter time length and reconstructing the images in the subsets. The SUVMax, Mean and Peak were calculated for each reconstructed image in a subset. The coefficient of deviation of the SUV parameters within each subset has then been used to estimate the expected standard deviation between images at 150 s reconstruction length. We report the largest technical variation of the SUV parameters for the smallest sphere, and the smallest variation for the largest sphere. The expected variation at 150 s reconstruction length does not exceed 6% for the smallest sphere and 2% for the largest sphere. Conclusions: With the presented method we are able to determine the technical variation of SUV. The method enables us to evaluate the effect of parameter selection and lesion size on the technical variation, and therefore to evaluate its relevance on the total variation of the SUV value between studies.
Implication of Climate Change On Crop Water Requirement: A Regional Case Study in The Semi-Arid Region of Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Gade Shubham Anil , Khedkar Devidas D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The hydrological cycle has been massively impacted by climate change and human activities. Thus it is of the highest concern to examine the effect of climate change on water management, especially at the regional level, to understand possible future shifts in water supply and water-related crises, and to provide support for regional water management. Fortunately, there arises a high degree of ambiguity in determining the effect of climate change on water requirements. In this paper, the Statistical DownScaling (SDSM) model is applied to simulate the potential impact of climate on crop water requirement (CWR) by downscaling ET0 in the region of Western Maharashtra, India for the future periods viz., 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s across three meteorological stations (Pune, Rahuri, and Solapur). Four crops i.e. cotton, soybean, onion, and sugarcane are selected during the analysis. The Penman-Monteith equation is used to calculate reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0), which further in conjunction with the crop coefficient (Kc) equation is used to calculate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) / CWR. The predictor variables are extracted from the NCEP reanalysis dataset for the period 1961-2000 and the HadCM3 under H3A2 and H3B2 scenarios for the period of 1961 – 2099. The results indicated by SDSM profound good applicability in downscaling due to satisfactory performance during calibration and validation for all three stations. The projected ET0 indicated an increase in mean annual ET0 as compared to the present condition during the 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s. The ET0 would increase for all months (in summer, winter, and pre-monsoon seasons) and decrease from June to September (monsoon season). The estimated future CWR show variation in the range for cotton (-0.97 to 2.48%), soybean (-2.09 to 1.63 %), onion (0.49 to 4.62 %), and sugarcane (0.05 to 2.86 %).
A Survey on the Impact of COVID 19 on Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Education in Qatar
Authors: Thomas M , Suleiman S , Allen M , Hameed M , Ghaffar A , Emara MM , Fatima H , George S , Singh R , Ghazouaini H , Alkhal AL 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic has affected all dimensions of day to day life across the world and medical education was no exception. In Qatar, two institutions provide undergraduate medical education; Qatar University - College of medicine and Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar and post graduate medical education is provided by tertiary care public hospitals under Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) through Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education -International (ACGME-I) accredited residency and fellowship programs. With this study we aimed to understand the impact of nationwide restrictions on medical education in Qatar.MethodsWe conducted a cross sectional study utilising an online questionnaire between April and October 2020. Two questionnaires for the faculty and trainees each were designed to address the objectives. The questionnaires addressed barriers to delivery of medical education and perceptions on the models of education used.ResultsMajority of trainees (58.5%) responded that the pandemic has adversely affected medical education at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Trainees (58.5%) and faculty (35.7%) reported an increased reliance on e-learning. Trainees preferred face to face education (33.5%) while the faculty (37.1%) preferred a combination of different models of education delivery. Although 52.5% of the faculty had no previous experience of delivering education using e-learning modalities, but 58.9% felt confident in using e-learning software.ConclusionsFaculty and trainees agree that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the provision of medical education and training in Qatar, with an increased dependence on e-learning. As trainee’s prefer face-to-face models of education, we may have to consider restructuring of medical curricula in order to ensure that optimum learning is achieved via e-learning, while at the same time enhancing our use, knowledge and understanding of the e -learning methods as they may be an essential way of delivering education in the future.
Thermal Modeling And Uncertainty Quantification of Tool For Automated Garment Assembly
Authors: Castrillón Nicolás , Rock Avery , Zohdi Tarek I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, a thermal Finite Element model is developed to simulate the performance of a blade-like tool for robotic work cells performing automated garment production using a novel thermoplastic stiffening layer. Uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis are applied to determine the most important design properties and optimize key performance metrics for swift and reliable garment assembly. Attention is focused on the geometric and thermal design properties that minimize sensitivity to environmental conditions while maximizing expected productivity. An example design is shown for illustrative purposes. This work may inform future design innovation for similar heating tools and reduce the need for physical experiments and long calibration times on the factory floor.
Integration of Internet Protocol and Embedded System On IoT Device Automation
Authors: Algani Yousef MethkalAbd , S Balaji , A. AlbertRaj , G. Elangovan , P.J. Sathish Kumar , Agordzo George Kofi , Pentang Jupeth Toriano , B. Kiran Bala 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The integration of Internet Protocol and Embedded Systems can enhance the communication platform. This paper describes the emerging smart technologies based on Internet of Things (IOT) and internet protocols along with embedded systems for monitoring and controlling smart devices with the help of Wi-Fi technology and web applications. The internet protocol (IP) address has been assigned to the things to control and operate the devices via remote network that facilitates the interoperability and end-to-end communication among various devices c,onnected over a network. The HTTP POST and HTTP GET command that supports the RESTful service have been used to ensure the transmission and reception of packets between the IOT Gateway and Cloud Database. The emerging smart technologies based on the Internet of Things (IoT) facilitated features like automation, controllability, interconnectivity, reliability which in turn turn paved the way for a wide range of acceptance amongst the masses. The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought in many new emerging technologies into varoius field like our daily lives, industry, agricultural sector, and many more. The world is experiencing the explosive growth with the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) these years. The potential growth of IoT is enoromous which is evidenced by all the human beings in our day to day life.
Effect of Nitrate, Two Oils and Their Combinations Added To Two Different Forage: Concentrate Ratios On Some Rumen Parameters and Protozoa Population.
Authors: OLOMONCHI Euloge O.A. , GARIPOĞLU Ali V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of nitrate, and two oils (O) (soybean and hazelnut oils) alone or in combination, on in vitro methane (CH4) production, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia (NH3) concentrations, pH, and protozoa population. For that, 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design with 2 two different forage:concentrate (F:C) ratios (40F:60C, and 60F:40C), 2 sources of nitrogen (sodium nitrate (NO−3: 45.94 g/kg DM) or urea (16.45 g/kg DM for control group) and 2 oils (hazelnut oil (HO: 36.58 g/kg DM) or soybean oil (SO: 36.58 g/kg DM)). For every forage: concentrate (F:C) ratio, six (6) treatment groups were formulated: F:C + Urea, F:C + NO−3, F:C + Urea + HO, F:C + Urea + SO, F:C + NO−3 + HO, F:C + NO−3 + SO. For every F:C ratio while NO−3 (p<0.01), oils (p<0.01), and NO−3 + oils (SO, HO) (p<0.01) decreased CH4 content, protozoa population, ammonia (NH3) concentration, acetic acid, total VFA, acetic acid: propionic acid ratio and pH, they increased butyric acid and propionic acid concentrations. Furthermore, CH4 production (12.44 vs 9.09 ml), ammonia (8.23 vs 7.37 mmol/l), propionic acid (19.14 vs 17.93 mmol/l), butyric acid (15.50 vs 14.50 mmol/l), total VFA (86.46 vs 85.66 mmol/l), protozoa population (32.16 vs 26.96 x104 ml.) were high in early lactation period. In both lactation periods, SO, and NO−3 + SO decreased acetic acid concentration, protozoa population, and thus CH4 production.
Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Node Status and its Association with Clinicopathological Factors in Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Golpazir Arash , Nazeri Mehri , yazd Seyed mostafa meshkati , Karoobi Mohamadreza , Nemati Houshang , Mahmoodzadeh Habibollah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Cutaneous Melanoma (CM) is cancer with rising prevalence worldwide. The most significant predictor of CM is regional lymph node metastasis. Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) biopsy has been used to stage CM and to identify lymphatic metastasis. This study aims to evaluate the SLN association with clinicopathological factors in the CM patients for a better surgical management. Methods: This retrospective study included 80 CM patients who had gone through lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran from 2011 to 2018. The clinical and histologic factors, including sex, age, tumor location, Breslow thickness, ulceration, angiolymphatic invasion, tumor mitotic rate (TMR), and Clark level, were analyzed.Results: Fifty-six patients (70%) were found to have SLN, 19 patients (33.9%) were SLN-positive, and 37 patients (66.1%) were SLN-negative. Breslow thickness was the only variable that was significantly associated with the prediction of SLN. SLN was not correlated with other features such as ulceration, angiolymphatic invasion, and tumor mitotic rate. Complete Lymph Node Dissection (CLND) was carried out in 18 out of 19 SLN-positive patients. Moreover, 5 patients (27.8%) were found to be non-SLN-positive out of 18 SLN biopsy+CLND-positive patients. Furthermore, there was not any significant relationship between the clinicopathological features and the prediction of non-SLN. Conclusions: Breslow thickness was significantly correlated with positive SLN biopsy. Thus, it can be a strong predictor of positive SLN in CM patients.
Trend of Obesity in The United States During a Decade
Authors: Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Sharifi Mohammad Hossein , Aryaie Mohammad , Gheibi Zahra , Zeighami Shahryar , Seifi Ali 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background and objectiveWhile obesity prevalence in the United States has increased considerably, its impact on factors such as mortality, comorbidity, and cost have not been extensively analyzed in hospitalized patients. Detailed information on the prevalence of obesity and associated factors among inpatients may help in developing health care policies aimed at reducing mortality, comorbidity, and cost.MethodsIn this study, data for analysis of inpatient discharges from 2005 to 2015 were obtained from the Health Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) database. Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater is defined as obesity. Descriptive analysis includes trends of obesity by sex, race, region, location and payer. To classify magnitude of association between obesity and comorbidities, we classified prevalence ratio (PR) to high risk factor (PR≥1.5), low risk factor (PR= <1.5-1.25), null (<1.25->0.8) and preventive factor (PR<0.8) based on expert epidemiologists opinion. Results During the study period we reviewed 82,618,702 discharges with 6,705,774 obesity for a rate of 8.11%. The percent of obese discharges increased from 4.6% in 2005 to 11.9% in 2015. In all subgroup variables, there was a substantial difference between obesity and non-obesity in hospital patients. Data indicated females had a higher prevalence of hospital discharges with obesity, compared to males. Moreover, Black race had the highest percentage and Asian or Pacific Islander is the lowest in this trend. ConclusionWhile obesity prevalence in the United States population has slowly increased, there has been a more marked increase in obese patients in the hospital.
Changes in hip Joint Contact Stress During a Gait Cycle based on the Individualized Modeling Framework of"Gait-Musculoskeletal System-Finite Element"
Authors: Xiong Binglang , Yang Peng , Lin Tianye , Xu Jinli , Xie Yong , Guo Yongliang , Liu Churong , Zhou Qizhao , Lai Qizhong , Wei Qiushi , He Wei , Zhang Qingwen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: To construct a comprehensive simulation framework of "gait-musculoskeletal system(MS)-finite element(FE)" for analysis of hip joint dynamics characteristics and the changes in the contact stress in the hip throughout a gait cycle.Methods:Two healthy volunteers (male and female) were recruited. The 3D gait trajectories during normal walking and the CT images including the hip and femur of the volunteers were obtained. CT Imaging data in the DICOM were extracted for subjected 3D hip joint reconstruction. The reconstructed 3D model files were used to realize the subject-specific registration of the pelvis and thigh segment of general musculoskeletal model. The captured marker trajectory data were used to drive subject-specific musculoskeletal model to complete inverse dynamic analysis. Results of inverse dynamic analysis were exported and appliedas boundary and load settings of the hip joint finite element in ABAQUS. Finally, the finite element analysis(FEA) was performed to analyze contact stress of hip joint during a gait cycle of left foot.Results: In the inverse dynamic analysis, the dynamic changes of the main hip-femoral muscle force with respect to each phase of a single gait cycle were plotted. The hip joint reaction force reached a maximum value of 2.9%BW（Body weight）and appeared at the end of the terminal stance phase. Twin peaks appeared at the initial contact phase and the end of the terminal stance phase respectively. FEA showed the temporal changes in contact stress in the acetabulum. In the visual stress cloud chart, the acetabular contact stress was mainly distributed in the dome of the acetabulum and in the anterolateral area at the top of the femoral head during a single gait cycle. The acetabular contact area was 293.8-998.4 mm2 and the maximum contact area appear at the mid-stance phase or the loading response phase of gait. The maximum contact stress of the acetabulum reached 6.91 Mpa (Model 1) / 6.92 Mpa(Model 2) at the terminal stance phase. Conclusions:The "Gait-MS-FE" technology is integrated to construct a comprehensive simulation framework. Based on human gait trajectories and their CT images, individualized simulation modeling can be achieved. Subject-specific gait in combination with an inverse dynamic analysis of the MS provides pre-processing parameters for FE simulation for more accurate biomechanical analysis of hip joint.