bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of α-glucosidase Inhibitor in the Intestines by Bacillus Licheniformis
Authors: Kim Hee-Woong , Lee Deug-Chan , Rhee Hae-Ik 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Alpha-glucosidase (EC.3.2.1.20) is involved in the absorption of monosaccharides in the small intestine of animals. We aimed to find a microorganism capable of proliferating in the intestine and producing α-glucosidase inhibitor. We developed a strain capable of forming spores from dry grass and growing in an anaerobic environment was selected as Bacillus lichenformis. Mixing spores of this strain with a high-fat diet and high-carbohydrate diet, it was confirmed that the weight gain was significantly reduced than the high-calorie diet group without spores. Furthermore it was confirmed that Bacillus lichenformis administered as spores efficiently proliferated in the intestine and consistently produced α-glucosidase inhibitor by securing a constant amount of the strain and α-glucosidase inhibitor in feces after a certain period. This study shows an efficient process in which microorganisms capable of proliferating in the intestine directly produce and supply specific secondary metabolites in the intestine.
Evaluation of Small Intestinal Motility in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Sato Masamichi , Kudo Takahiro , Arai Nobuyasu , Kyodo Reiko , Hosoi Kenji , Sakaguchi Keita , Ikuse Tamaki , Jimbo Keisuke , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The correlation between small intestinal motility alteration and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not well evaluated. Aims: To assess the small intestinal and colonic transits in an IBS rat model with restraint stress and determine the role of small intestinal motility in the IBS pathophysiology.Methods: Restraint stress was utilized to make adolescent IBS rat models that were evaluated for clinical symptoms, including stool frequency and diarrhea. The small intestinal motility and transit rate were also evaluated. The amounts of mRNA encoding corticotropin-releasing hormone, mast cell, and serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptor 3a were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the 5-HT expression was evaluated using immunostaining.Results: Restraint stress significantly increased the number of fecal pellet outputs, stool water content, and small intestinal motility in the IBS rat models. There was no difference in real-time PCR results, but immunostaining analysis revealed that 5-HT expression in the small intestine was significantly increased in the IBS rat models.Conclusions: In the adolescent rat model of IBS with restraint stress, we observed an increase in small intestinal and colonic motility. In the small intestine, enhanced 5-HT secretion in the distal portion may be involved in increasing the small intestinal motility.
Determinants and spatial distribution of institutional delivery in Ethiopia: evidence from Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Surveys 2019
Authors: Gilano Girma , Hailegebreal Samuel , Seboka Binyam Tariku 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
over the past few decades, maternal and child mortality had drawn the attention of governments and policymakers. Institutional delivery has been among the implementations to reduce maternal and child mortality. The fact that the problem was persisted made studies research for more factors. Thus, the current study was intended for further analyses of EMDHS to identify the magnitude and its spatial patterns and predictors of in institutional delivery.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey data from EMDHS 2019 was analyzed involving 5,488 reproductive-age women regarding institutional deliveries. We presented descriptive statistics using mean, standard deviations, and proportions. To check the nature of the distribution of institutional delivery, we applied the global Moran’s I statistics. Getis-Ord Gi statistics was applied to detect spatial locations, and we applied spatial interpolation to predict unknown locations of institutional delivery using the Ordinary Kriging method. Kulldorff’s SatScan was also applied to identify the specific local clustering nature of institutional delivery using the Bernoulli method. We applied multilevel binary logistic regression for the scrutiny of Individual and community-level factors. We applied P < 0.25 to include variables in the model and P < 0.05 to declare associations. AOR with 95% CI was used to describe variables
Results
The prevalence of institution/facility delivery was 2,666.45(48.58%) in the survey. The average number of children was 4.03 ± 2.47, and most women in this survey were in the age group of the 25-29years (31.84%) and 30–34 years (21.61%). Women who learned primary education (AOR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.20–1.95), secondary education (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.03–3.07), and higher education (AOR = 5.41; 95% 1.91–15.25), while those who can read and write sentence (AOR = 1.94; 95% 1.28–2.94), Rich (AOR = 2.40 95% CI 1.82–3.16), and those followed 1–2 ANC (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI 1.57–2.76), 3 ANCs (AOR = 3.24; 95% CI 2.51–418), and ≥ 4 ANCs (AOR = 4.91; 95% CI 3.93–6.15) had higher odds of delivering at health institutions.
Conclusion
The institutional delivery was unsatisfactory in Ethiopia, and there were various factors associated differently across the regions. Pastoralist regions showed high home delivery than institutions which invites further interventions specific to those regions. Factors like age, highest education level achieved, preceding birth interval, literacy status, wealth status, birth order, regions, and rural residences were all affected institutional delivery so that interventions considering awareness, access, and availability of the services are vital.
Can fecal calprotectin levels be used to monitor infant milk protein allergies?
Authors: Qiu Liyan , Wang Junli , Ren Fang , Shen Lixiao , Li Feng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
A milk protein allergy is one of the most common food allergies in infants. We aimed to test whether fecal calprotectin can be used to monitor food allergies in infants by comparing the fecal calprotectin levels in infants with a milk protein allergy before and after an intervention treatment.
Methods
Stool samples were collected at follow-up, and the concentration of fecal calprotectin was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The infant's weight and length were measured.
Results
The allergic group comprised 90 milk-allergic infants (41 boys, 49 girls), and the nonallergic group comprised 90 nonallergic infants (51 boys, 39 girls). Compared with the fecal calprotectin level in the nonallergic group (141 µg/g), that in the allergic group (410 µg/g) was significantly higher (z=-9.335, p < 0.001). After two dietary interventions and treatments, the fecal calprotectin levels of the infants with a milk protein allergy at the first (253 µg/g) and second follow-up visits (160 µg/g) were decreased significantly compared with those before the intervention (z=-7.884, p < 0.001 and z=-8.239, p < 0.001, respectively). The growth index values (LAZ and WAZ) ​​of the infants with a milk protein allergy at the first follow-up visit and at the second follow-up visit were significantly higher than those before dietary intervention (p < 0.05). Fecal calprotectin was negatively and significantly correlated with the WLZ and WAZ at the second follow-up visit (Spearman’s rho =-0.234, p = 0.01 and Spearman’s rho =-0.193, p = 0.03, respectively).
Conclusion
The level of fecal calprotectin in infants with a milk protein allergy decreased after dietary intervention and seems to be a promising biological indicator for monitoring intestinal allergies.
Selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 modulation augments thrombolysis of low-dose tissue plasminogen activator following cerebrovascular thrombosis
Authors: Li Handong , Kong Ying , Zhang Wenyan , Qi Caiyun , Wang Dan , Liu Qiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundResults from our recent study demonstrate that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) modulation improves microvascular hemodynamics after cerebrovascular thrombosis. This study was to determine the microvascular hemodynamic effects of sub-thrombolytic dose of tPA combined with a selective S1PR1 modulator ozanimod in a mouse model of cerebrovascular thrombosis.MethodsMicrovascular circulation in mice was monitored in vivo by two-photon microscopy. Thrombosis was induced in cortical arterioles by laser irradiation. Arteriolar flow velocity was measured by line-scanning following plasma-labeling with fluorescein-dextran.ResultsLaser-induced thrombosis led to a persistent reduction of flow velocity in cortical arterioles. Sub-thrombolytic dose of tPA along with vehicle control did not improve the flow velocity in cortical arterioles following thrombosis. In contrast, sub-thrombolytic dose of tPA along with ozanimod dramatically restored flow velocity in cortical arterioles following thrombosis. Ozanimod did not affect coagulation and bleeding time. Notably, ozanimod reduced thrombus volume without altering microvascular lumen diameter. In addition, ozanimod reduced leukocyte components within the thrombus.ConclutionsThese findings demonstrate that the thrombolytic effect of sub-thrombolytic dose of tPA is markedly enhanced by S1PR1 modulation, implying that S1PR1 modulation may improve the therapeutic benefit of low-dose tPA in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Ranking the Biases: The Choice of OTUs vs. ASVs in 16S rRNA Amplicon Data Analysis Has Stronger Effects On Diversity Measures Than Rarefaction and Similarity Threshold
Authors: Chiarello Marlène , McCauley Mark , Villéger Sébastien , Jackson Colin R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAdvances in the analysis of amplicon sequence datasets have introduced a methodological shift in how research teams investigate microbial biodiversity, away from the classification and downstream analyses of traditional operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and towards the usage of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). While ASVs have several inherent properties that make them desirable compared to OTUs, questions remain as to the influence that these pipelines have on the ecological patterns being assessed, especially when compared to other methodological choices made when processing data (e.g. rarefaction) and computing diversity indices. ResultsWe compared the respective influences of using ASVs vs. OTU-based pipelines, rarefaction of the community table, and OTU similarity threshold (97% vs. 99%) on the ecological signals detected in freshwater invertebrate and environmental (sediment, seston) 16S rRNA data sets, determining the effects on alpha diversity, beta diversity and taxonomic composition. While the choice of OTU vs. ASV pipeline significantly influenced unweighted alpha and beta diversities and changed the ecological signal detected, weighted indices such as the Shannon index, Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, and weighted Unifrac scores were not impacted by the pipeline followed. By comparison, OTU threshold and rarefaction had a minimal impact effect on all measurements, although rarefaction improved overall signals, especially in OTU-based datasets. The identification of major classes and genera identified revealed significant discrepancies across methodologies. ConclusionWe provide a list of recommendations for the analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon data. We notably recommend the use of ASVs when analyzing alpha-diversity patterns, especially in species-rich or environmental samples. Abundance weighted alpha- and beta-diversity indices should also be preferred compared to ones based on the presence-absence of biological units.
Sorption of Polycyclic Musks on Soil Components of Different Aggregate Sizes: The Effect of Organic-mineral Interactions
Authors: Bu Qingwei , Cao Hongmei , Wu Dongkui , Zhou Ming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Polycyclic musks (PCMs) in soil environments have been of increasing concern because of their potential characteristic of persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential ecological risk. However, little is known about their fate process in soil environments. Here, we selected two PCMs as sorbates, namely galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalite (AHTN), to explore their sorption process in soils. Sorption batch experiments with six nature soils and their different aggregate fractions were carried out to elucidate the effect of organic–mineral interactions in different aggregate sizes on sorption of these two PCMs. The possible causes of variation in the organic carbon-normalized partition coefficient (Koc) for HHCB and AHTN have been investigated. The results indicated that the sorption contribution to different aggregate fractions to the overall sorption was dependent on both Koc and content of each aggregate fraction. The strong influence of organic–mineral interactions on Koc was evidenced by the large variation in Koc on HF-treatment for both bulk soils and their different aggregate fractions. This study verified the dual effect of organic–mineral interactions among selected soils. By comparing the measured and theoretical overlay ∆ Koc values, it was indicated that the interaction between particles of different size fractions will also affect Koc variation. This study represents a valuable contribution to the understanding of the fate processes and behaviors of PCMs in soil and its implication on the risk assessment.
Outcomes from the Medication Assisted Treatment Pilot Program for Adults With Opioid Use Disorders in Rural Colorado
Authors: Amura Claudia R. , Sorrell Tanya R. , Weber Mary , Alvarez Andrea , Beste Nancy , Hollins Ursula , Cook Paul F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. As Colorado ranked among the top nationally in non-medical use of opioids, a pilot medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) program was developed to increase the number of NPs and PAs providing MOUD in order to bring this evidence based treatment 2 counties showing disproportionally high opioid overdose deaths. Over the first 18 months, the MOUD Pilot Program led to 15 new health care providers receiving MOUD waiver training and 1,005 patients receiving MOUD from the 3 participating organizations. Here we evaluate the impact of the pilot MOUD program implemented in 2 rural counties severely affected by the opioid crisis on patient centered clinical and functional outcomes. Methods. Under state-funded law, three rural agencies submitted patient-level data at baseline (N = 1005) and after 6 months of treatment (N = 190, 25%) between December 2017 and January 2020. The Addiction Severity Index with McNemar-Bowker and t tests were used to measure program impact. Results. Patients in treatment reported using less heroin (13.0 vs. 3.7 days), opioids (3.7 vs. 1.9 days), and alcohol (3.2 vs 0.7 days, all P < 0.01). Patients reported improved health (53.4% vs. 68.2%, P = 0.04), less days of disability (8.69 vs. 6.51, P = 0.02), symptoms (29.8% vs 21.3%), pain (67.5 % to 53.6), worry (45.3% vs 62.3%), anxiety (49.7% vs 23.2%), depression (54.1% vs 23.3%, all P < 0.02) after treatment. Conclusions. This study shows decreased substance use, improved physical and mental health, and reduced symptoms after 6 months of MOUD. Although more research on retention and long-term effects is needed, data shows improved health outcomes after 6 months of MOUD. Lessons learned from implementing this pilot program informed program expansion into other rural areas in need to address some of Colorado’ major public health crises.
Detection of low-frequency earthquakes by matched filter technique using the product of mutual information and correlation coefficient
Authors: Kurihara Ryo , Kato Aitaro , Kurata Sumito , Nagao Hiromichi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Matched filter technique is often used to detect microearthquakes such as deep low-frequency (DLF) earthquakes. It compares correlation coefficients (CC) between waveforms of template earthquakes and the observed data. Conventionally, the sum of CC at multiple seismic stations is used as an index to detect the DLF earthquakes. A major disadvantage of conventional method is drastically reduced detection accuracy when there are too few seismic stations. A new matched filter method proposed in this study can accurately detect microearthquakes using only a single station. It adopts mutual information (MI) in addition to CC to measure the similarity between the template and target waveforms. The method uses the product of MI and CC (MICC) as an index to detect DLF earthquakes. This index shows a distinct peak corresponding to an earthquake signal in a synthetic data set consisting of artificial noise and the waveform of a DLF earthquake. Application of this single-station method to field observations of Kirishima volcano, one of the most active volcanoes in Japan, detected a total of 354 DLF earthquakes from the data in December 2010, whereas the catalog of the Japan Meteorological Agency shows only two. The catalog of DLF earthquakes constructed here shows similar temporal behavior to that found by conventional matched filter method using the sum of the CC of the six stations near the volcano. The proposed method successfully identified approximately 80% of the earthquakes in the conventionally constructed catalogs. These results suggest that the proposed method can greatly contribute to the accurate cataloging of DLF earthquakes using only a single seismic station.
Pancreatic Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Polypeptide-secreting Tumor With a Good Prognosis: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Zhao Yingying , Zhou Quanzhong , Wang Kai , Wu Xinglong , Tuo Biguang , Wu Huichao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide secreting tumor is a rare pancreatic endocrine tumor, which has high rate of misdiagnosis because of its rarity. We are always seeking for some novel treatment methods, constantly summarizing experience and lessons, and improving the diagnosis. Case presentation: Here we report the case, a 48-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital for 2 years with recurrent diarrhea. The computerized tomography scan of the upper abdomen demonstrated a 27 mm×31 mm space-occupying lesion in the tail of the pancreas. Electrolyte results suggest hypokalemia and elevated serum vasoactive intestinal peptide levels. After evaluating the condition, consider surgical removal of the pancreatic tail and active symptomatic treatment. Postoperative pathological biopsy was diagnosed as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, serum potassium recovered, serum VIP value decreased, and diarrhea stopped. After 8 years of follow-up, all indicators were normal and the prognosis was good. Conclusions: We hope to draw the attention of clinicians from this situation in order to increase the correct rate of disease diagnosis and improve the prognosis.
Differential Analysis of Expressed Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Bioinformatics Technology
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Jundong , Chi wencheng , Xie Jing , Teh LaiKuan , Wu Ling , Wu Lihua , Qiao Luhan , Yan Meichao , Deng Junye , Li Mingquan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective: Bioinformatics technology was used in this study to analyze the expression data of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and normal subjects from the microarray. The purpose of this study was to screen the differentially expressed genes in DN and to explore the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of DN. Methods: The data of gene expression in the gse142153 gene chip was downloaded from the gene expression database (GEO). The up-regulated and down-regulated expressed genes were analyzed by R language. The core genes of differentially expressed genes were analyzed by string database, Cytoscape software and its plug-in. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Results: A total of 112 differentially expressed genes were screened, including 50 down-regulated genes and 62 up-regulated genes. There are 10 up-regulated core genes including CXCL8, MMP9, IL1B, IL6, IL10, CXCL2, CCL20, ATF3, CXCL3, F3. Their biological effects are mainly concentrated in the IL-17 signaling pathway, rheumatoid arthritis, viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, Amoebiasis, TNF signaling pathway, Legionellosis, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Lipid, and atherosclerosis, Malaria, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. Conclusion: Analysis of differentially expressed genes and core genes enhanced the understanding of the pathogenesis of DN and provided a potential train of thought for the treatment of DN.
Trajectories of Hypoxemia &amp; Pulmonary Mechanics of COVID-19 ARDS in the NorthCARDS Dataset
Authors: Jafari Daniel , Sereshki Amir Gandomi , Makhnevich Alexander , Qiu Michael , Rolston Daniel , Gottesman Eric , Tsegaye Adey , Mayo Paul , Stewart Molly , Zhang Meng , Hajizadeh Negin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Understanding heterogeneity seen in patients with COVIDARDS and comparing to non-COVIDARDS may inform tailored treatments.  Methods: A multidisciplinary team of frontline clinicians and data scientists worked to create the Northwell COVIDARDS dataset (NorthCARDS) leveraging over 11,542 COVID-19 hospital admissions. The data was then summarized to examine descriptive differences based on clinically meaningful categories of lung compliance, and to examine trends in oxygenation. Findings: Of the 1595 COVIDARDS patients in the NorthCARDS dataset, there were 538 (34·6%) who had very low lung compliance (<20ml/cmH2O), 982 (63·2%) with low-normal compliance (20-50ml/cmH2O), and 34 (2·2%) with high lung compliance (>50ml/cmH2O). The very low compliance group had double the median time to intubation compared to the low-normal group (107 hours (IQR 26·3, 238·3) vs. 37·9 hours (IQR 4·8, 90·7)). Overall, 67·5% (n=1049) of the patients died during the hospitalization. In comparison to non-COVIDARDS reports, there were less patients in the high compliance category (2.2%vs.12%, compliance ≥50mL/cmH20), and more patients with P/F ≤ 150 (57·8% vs. 45.6%). No correlation was apparent between lung compliance and P/F ratio. The Oxygenation Index was similar, (11·12(SD 5·67) vs.12·8(SD 10·8)).1