bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential exposure to transportation noise in Denmark and incidence of dementia: national cohort study
Authors: Cantuaria Manuella Lech , Waldorff Frans Boch , Wermuth Lene , Pedersen Ellen Raben , Poulsen Aslak Harbo , Thacher Jesse Daniel , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole , Ketzel Matthias , Khan Jibran , Valencia Victor H , Schmidt Jesper Hvass , Sørensen Mette 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the association between long term residential exposure to road traffic and railway noise and risk of incident dementia.

Design
Nationwide prospective register based cohort study.

Setting
Denmark.

Participants
1 938 994 adults aged ≥60 years living in Denmark between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2017.

Main outcome measures
Incident cases of all cause dementia and dementia subtypes (Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson’s disease related dementia), identified from national hospital and prescription registries.

Results

The study population included 103 500 participants with incident dementia, and of those, 31 219 received a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, 8664 of vascular dementia, and 2192 of Parkinson’s disease related dementia. Using Cox regression models, 10 year mean exposure to road traffic and railway noise at the most (L
den
max) and least (L
den
min) exposed façades of buildings were associated with a higher risk of all cause dementia. These associations showed a general pattern of higher hazard ratios with higher noise exposure, but with a levelling off or even small declines in risk at higher noise levels. In subtype analyses, both road traffic noise and railway noise were associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease, with hazard ratios of 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.22) for road L
den
max ≥65 dB compared with <45 dB, 1.27 (1.22 to 1.34) for road L
den
min ≥55 dB compared with <40 dB, 1.16 (1.10 to 1.23) for railway L
den
max ≥60 dB compared with <40 dB, and 1.24 (1.17 to 1.30) for railway L
den
min ≥50 dB compared with <40 dB. Road traffic, but not railway, noise was associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia. Results indicated associations between road traffic L
den
min and Parkinson’s disease related dementia.

Conclusions
This nationwide cohort study found transportation noise to be associated with a higher risk of all cause dementia and dementia subtypes, especially Alzheimer’s disease.
Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a clinical practice guideline
Authors: Busse Jason W , Vankrunkelsven Patrick , Zeng Linan , Heen Anja Fog , Merglen Arnaud , Campbell Fiona , Granan Lars-Petter , Aertgeerts Bert , Buchbinder Rachelle , Coen Matteo , Juurlink David , Samer Caroline , Siemieniuk Reed A C , Kumar Nimisha , Cooper Lynn , Brown John , Lytvyn Lyubov , Zeraatkar Dena , Wang Li , Guyatt Gordon H , Vandvik Per O , Agoritsas Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClinical questionWhat is the role of medical cannabis or cannabinoids for people living with chronic pain due to cancer or non-cancer causes?Current practiceChronic pain is common and distressing and associated with considerable socioeconomic burden globally. Medical cannabis is increasingly used to manage chronic pain, particularly in jurisdictions that have enacted policies to reduce use of opioids; however, existing guideline recommendations are inconsistent, and cannabis remains illegal for therapeutic use in many countries.RecommendationThe guideline expert panel issued a weak recommendation to offer a trial of non-inhaled medical cannabis or cannabinoids, in addition to standard care and management (if not sufficient), for people living with chronic cancer or non-cancer pain.How this guideline was createdAn international guideline development panel including patients, clinicians with content expertise, and methodologists produced this recommendation in adherence with standards for trustworthy guidelines using the GRADE approach. The MAGIC Evidence Ecosystem Foundation (MAGIC) provided methodological support. The panel applied an individual patient perspective.The evidenceThis recommendation is informed by a linked series of four systematic reviews summarising the current body of evidence for benefits and harms, as well as patient values and preferences, regarding medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain.Understanding the recommendationThe recommendation is weak because of the close balance between benefits and harms of medical cannabis for chronic pain. It reflects a high value placed on small to very small improvements in self reported pain intensity, physical functioning, and sleep quality, and willingness to accept a small to modest risk of mostly self limited and transient harms. Shared decision making is required to ensure patients make choices that reflect their values and personal context. Further research is warranted and may alter this recommendation.
Measuring gender-based violence risk mitigation in humanitarian settings: results from a comprehensive desk review and systematic mapping
Authors: Kelly Jocelyn TD , Ausubel Emily , Kenny Emma , Blake Meredith , Heckman Christine , Rastogi Sonia , Sharma Vandana 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo systematically document measurement approaches used in the monitoring and evaluation of gender-based violence (GBV) risk mitigation activities, categorise the types of available literature produced by sector, identify existing tools and measures and identify knowledge gaps within the humanitarian sector.DesignSystematic mapping and in-depth review.Data sources: Pubmed, Global Health, PsychInfo, ReliefWeb, OpenGrey (grey literature), Google Scholar, Web of Science (Social Science Index)Eligibility criteria: a structured search strategy was systematically applied to 17 databases as well as registers, websites and other resources to identify materials published between 1 January 2005 and 15 May 2019.Data extraction and synthesis: Those resources that met the inclusion criteria underwent a comprehensive full-text review. A detailed matrix was developed and key data from each resource were extracted to allow for the assessment of patterns in thematic areas.ResultsA total of 2108 documents were screened. Overall, 145 documents and 112 tools were reviewed, representing 10 different humanitarian sectors. While numerous resources exist, many lack sufficient information on how to monitor outputs or outcomes of GBV risk mitigation activities. There is also limited guidance on how to integrate the measurement of GBV risk mitigation into existing monitoring and evaluation frameworks. Those reports that aimed to measure GBV risk mitigation activities mostly employed qualitative methods and few measured the impact of a GBV risk mitigation with robust research designs.ConclusionsRecent efforts to adapt humanitarian response to COVID-19 have highlighted new and existing challenges for GBV risk mitigation. There is a significant gap in the evidence base around the effectiveness of GBV risk mitigation across all sectors. Understanding and strengthening measurement approaches in GBV risk mitigation remains a critical task for humanitarian response.
Impact on Mental, Physical and Cognitive functioning of a Critical care sTay during the COVID-19 pandemic (IMPACCT COVID-19): protocol for a prospective, multicentre, mixed-methods cohort study
Authors: Castro-Ávila Ana Cristina , Merino-Osorio Catalina , González-Seguel Felipe , Camus-Molina Agustín , Leppe Jaime 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionThe ongoing pandemic could affect the duration, variety and severity of the mental, physical, and cognitive impairments intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and their families frequently present. We aim to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental, physical, and cognitive health of survivors, the experience of their families and their treating healthcare professionals.Methods and analysisProspective, multicentre, mixed-methods cohort study in seven Chilean ICUs. Sample: 450 adults, able to walk independently prior to admission, in ICU and mechanical ventilation >48 hours with and without COVID-19. Clinical Frailty Scale, Charlson comorbidity index, mobility (Functional Status Score for the Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit) and muscle strength (Medical Research Council Sum Score) will be assessed at ICU discharge. Cognitive functioning (Montreal Cognitive Assessment–blind), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) symptoms, disability (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0), quality of life (European Quality of Life Health Questionnaire), employment and survival will be assessed at ICU discharge, 3 months and 6 months. A sample will be assessed using actigraphy and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire at 6 months after ICU discharge. Trajectories of mental, physical, and cognitive impairments will be estimated using multilevel longitudinal modelling. A sensitivity analysis using multiple imputations will be performed to account for missing data and loss-to-follow-up. Survival will be analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves. The perceptions of family members regarding the ICU stay and the later recovery will be explored 3 months after discharge. Healthcare professionals will be invited to discuss the challenges faced during the pandemic using semistructured interviews. Interviews will be thematically analysed by two independent coders to identify the main themes of the experience of family members and healthcare professionals.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Ethics Committee (2020–78) and each participating site. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through social media and conference meetings.Trial registration numberNCT04979897.
FCC-ee: the synthesis of a long history of e+e- circular colliders
Authors: Oide K. , Wenninger J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe design of FCC-ee is relying on the accumulated experience of $$\mathrm {e^{+}e^{-}}$$

e
+

e
-

colliders that have been designed, constructed and operated in the past 40 years. FCC-ee will surpass the 26.7 km long Large Electron Positron collider LEP by a factor 4 in size. Like for LEP the large size is justified by the need to control the synchrotron radiation losses that for both machines reach a few percent per turn. To that end LEP had the first large super-conducting (SC) RF system with around 3.8 GV of accelerating voltage. LEP achieved for the first time very large beam-beam parameters of around 0.08, and it relied on transversely polarized beams to determine accurately the beam energy for the experiments. The DA$$\varPhi $$
Φ
NE collider, together with PEP II and KEKB split the two beams into separate vacuum chambers to reach much higher Ampere-level beam currents. To overcome beam-beam lifetime and performance issues DA$$\varPhi $$
Φ
NE used for the first time the Crab Waist concept for the interaction region (IR) optics. The B-factories, PEP-II and KEKB have verified the double-ring $$\mathrm {e^{+}e^{-}}$$

e
+

e
-

collider with multi-ampere stored currents for over 1000 bunches, small $$\beta ^*$$

β
∗

, top-up injection, and achieved then-highest luminosity. KEKB has applied 22-mrad crossing angle at the IP with crab crossing. Both machines inherited accelerator techniques from their predecessors, PEP and TRISTAN, which was a small-scale LEP. Currently the next generation SuperKEKB collider is starting up. It has already achieved some milestones required for FCC-ee such as small $$\beta ^*$$

β
∗

(0.8 mm) and virtual crab-waist scheme with a large Piwinski angle (>10).
Reducing Poverty-Related Disparities in Cervical Cancer: The Role of HPV Vaccination
Authors: Spencer Jennifer C. , Brewer Noel T. , Coyne-Beasley Tamera , Trogdon Justin G. , Weinberger Morris , Wheeler Stephanie B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground:Near elimination of cervical cancer in the United States is possible in coming decades, yet inequities will delay this achievement for some populations. We sought to explore the effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on disparities in cervical cancer incidence between high- and low-poverty U.S. counties.Methods:We calibrated a dynamic simulation model of HPV infection to reflect average counties in the highest and lowest quartile of poverty (percent of population below federal poverty level), incorporating data on HPV prevalence, cervical cancer screening, and HPV vaccination. We projected cervical cancer incidence through 2070, estimated absolute and relative disparities in incident cervical cancer for high- versus low-poverty counties, and compared incidence with the near-elimination target (4 cases/100,000 women annually).Results:We estimated that, on average, low-poverty counties will achieve near-elimination targets 14 years earlier than high-poverty counties (2029 vs. 2043). Absolute disparities by county poverty will decrease, but relative differences are estimated to increase. We estimate 21,604 cumulative excess cervical cancer cases in high-poverty counties over the next 50 years. Increasing HPV vaccine coverage nationally to the Healthy People 2020 goal (80%) would reduce excess cancer cases, but not alter estimated time to reach the near-elimination threshold.Conclusions:High-poverty U.S. counties will likely be delayed in achieving near-elimination targets for cervical cancer and as a result will experience thousands of potentially preventable cancers.Impact:Alongside vaccination efforts, it is important to address the role of social determinants and health care access in driving persistent inequities by area poverty.
Integrating Genome and Methylome Data to Identify Candidate DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Pancreatic Cancer Risk
Authors: Zhu Jingjing , Yang Yaohua , Kisiel John B. , Mahoney Douglas W. , Michaud Dominique S. , Guo Xingyi , Taylor William R. , Shu Xiao-Ou , Shu Xiang , Liu Duo , Li Bingshan , Tao Ran , Cai Qiuyin , Zheng Wei , Long Jirong , Wu Lang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground:The role of methylation in pancreatic cancer risk remains unclear. We integrated genome and methylome data to identify CpG sites (CpG) with the genetically predicted methylation to be associated with pancreatic cancer risk. We also studied gene expression to understand the identified associations.Methods:Using genetic data and white blood cell methylation data from 1,595 subjects of European descent, we built genetic models to predict DNA methylation levels. After internal and external validation, we applied prediction models with satisfactory performance to the genetic data of 8,280 pancreatic cancer cases and 6,728 controls of European ancestry to investigate the associations of predicted methylation with pancreatic cancer risk. For associated CpGs, we compared their measured levels in pancreatic tumor versus benign tissue.Results:We identified 45 CpGs at nine loci showing an association with pancreatic cancer risk, including 15 CpGs showing an association independent from identified risk variants. We observed significant correlations between predicted methylation of 16 of the 45 CpGs and predicted expression of eight adjacent genes, of which six genes showed associations with pancreatic cancer risk. Of the 45 CpGs, we were able to compare measured methylation of 16 in pancreatic tumor versus benign pancreatic tissue. Of them, six showed differentiated methylation.Conclusions:We identified methylation biomarker candidates associated with pancreatic cancer using genetic instruments and added additional insights into the role of methylation in regulating gene expression in pancreatic cancer development.Impact:A comprehensive study using genetic instruments identifies 45 CpG sites at nine genomic loci for pancreatic cancer risk.
Day-by-Day Blood Pressure Variability in the Subacute Stage of Ischemic Stroke and Long-Term Recurrence
Authors: Fukuda Kenji , Matsuo Ryu , Kamouchi Masahiro , Kiyuna Fumi , Sato Noriko , Nakamura Kuniyuki , Hata Jun , Wakisaka Yoshinobu , Ago Tetsuro , Imaizumi Tsutomu , Kai Hisashi , Kitazono Takanari , Ishitsuka Takao , Ibayashi Setsuro , Kusuda Kenji , Fujii Kenichiro , Nagao Tetsuhiko , Okada Yasushi , Yasaka Masahiro , Ooboshi Hiroaki , Irie Katsumi , Omae Tsuyoshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Nakane Hiroshi , Sugimori Hiroshi , Arakawa Shuji , Kitayama Jiro , Fujimoto Shigeru , Arihiro Shoji , Kuroda Junya , Fukushima Yoshihisa , Kumai Yasuhiro , Makihara Noriko 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
This study aimed to determine whether variability of day-by-day blood pressure (BP) during the subacute stage of acute ischemic stroke is predictive of long-term stroke recurrence.

Methods:
We analyzed 7665 patients (mean±SD age: 72.9±13.1 years; women: 42.4%) hospitalized for first-ever ischemic stroke in 7 stroke centers in Fukuoka, Japan, from June 2007 to November 2018. BP was measured daily during the subacute stage (4–10 days after onset). Its mean and coefficient of variation (CV) values were calculated and divided into 4 groups according to the quartiles of these BP parameters. Patients were prospectively followed up for recurrent stroke or all-cause death. The cumulative event rate was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. We estimated the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the events of interest after adjusting for potential confounders and mean BP values using Cox proportional hazards models. The Fine-Gray model was also used to account for the competing risk of death.

Results:
With a mean (±SD) follow-up duration of 3.9±3.2 years, the rates of recurrent stroke and all-cause death were 3.9 and 9.9 per 100 patient-years, respectively. The cumulative event rates of recurrent stroke and all-cause death increased with increasing CVs of systolic BP and diastolic BP. The systolic BP CV was significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrent stroke after adjusting for multiple confounders and mean BP (hazard ratio [95% CI] for fourth quartile versus first quartile, 1.26 [1.05–1.50]); the risk of recurrent stroke also increased with an increasing systolic BP CV for nonfatal strokes (1.26 [1.05–1.51]) and when death was regarded as a competing risk (1.21 [1.02–1.45]). Similar associations were observed for the diastolic BP CV.

Conclusions:
Day-by-day variability of BP during the subacute stage of acute ischemic stroke was associated with an increased long-term risk of recurrent stroke.
Trade and Human Capital in Global Value Chain in Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Wang Wenxiao , Thangavelu Shandre 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of human capital on bilateral domestic value-added trade in global value chains (GVCs) for 43 countries and 56 sectors. In contrast to previous studies, this paper estimated an approximate gravity model of value-added trade to capture the role of human capital in determining the cross-border production linkages via value-added trade. The results show that the domestic value-added trade flows depend critically on human capital development in both exporting and importing countries. The results indicate a positive effect of skilled intensity on bilateral domestic value-added trade in GVCs. We also observe a larger positive effect of skills on the GVC value-added trade for the developing economies. The paper highlights the importance of trade liberalization and forward-looking human capital development policies for the competitiveness of the developing countries in the value-added trade in GVC.
Response of Northern Hemisphere weather and climate to Arctic sea ice decline: Resolution independence in Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP) simulations
Authors: Streffing Jan , Semmler Tido , Zampieri Lorenzo , Jung Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe impact of Arctic sea ice decline on the weather and climate in mid-latitudes is still much debated, with observation suggesting a strong and models a much weaker link. In this study, we use the atmospheric model OpenIFS, in a set of model experiments following the protocol outlined in the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP), to investigate whether the simulated atmospheric response to future changes in Arctic sea ice fundamentally depends on model resolution. More specifically, we increase the horizontal resolution of the model from 125km to 39km with 91 vertical levels; in a second step resolution is further increased to 16km with 137 levels in the vertical. The model does produce a response to sea ice decline with a weaker mid latitude Atlantic jet and increased blocking in the high latitude Atlantic, but no sensitivity to resolution can be detected with 100 members. Furthermore we find that the ensemble convergence toward the mean is not impacted by the model resolutions considered here.
Surface Gravity Wave Effects on Submesoscale Currents in the Open Ocean
Authors: Hypolite Delphine , Romero Leonel , McWilliams James C. , Dauhajre Daniel P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA set of realistic coastal simulations in California allows for the exploration of surface gravity wave effects on currents (WEC) in an active submesoscale current regime. We use a new method that takes into account the full surface gravity wave spectrum and produces larger Stokes drift than the monochromatic peak-wave approximation. We investigate two high-wave events lasting several days—one from a remotely generated swell and another associated with local wind-generated waves—and perform a systematic comparison between solutions with and without WEC at two submesoscale-resolving horizontal grid resolutions (dx = 270 and 100 m). WEC results in the enhancement of open-ocean surface density and velocity gradients when the averaged significant wave height Hs is relatively large (>4.2 m). For smaller waves, WEC is a minor effect overall. For the remote swell (strong waves and weak winds), WEC maintains submesoscale structures and accentuates the cyclonic vorticity and horizontal convergence skewness of submesoscale fronts and filaments. The vertical enstrophy ζ2 budget in cyclonic regions (ζ/f > 2) reveals enhanced vertical shear and enstrophy production via vortex tilting and stretching. Wind-forced waves also enhance surface gradients, up to the point where they generate a small-submesoscale roll-cell pattern with high vorticity and divergence that extends vertically through the entire mixed layer. The emergence of these roll cells results in a buoyancy gradient sink near the surface that causes a modest reduction in the typically large submesoscale density gradients.