bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging Study of Pseudo-CT Synthesized From Cone-Beam CT Based on 3D CycleGAN in Radiotherapy
Authors: Sun Hongfei , Fan Rongbo , Li Chunying , Lu Zhengda , Xie Kai , Ni Xinye , Yang Jianhua 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo propose a synthesis method of pseudo-CT (CTCycleGAN) images based on an improved 3D cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) to solve the limitations of cone-beam CT (CBCT), which cannot be directly applied to the correction of radiotherapy plans.MethodsThe improved U-Net with residual connection and attention gates was used as the generator, and the discriminator was a full convolutional neural network (FCN). The imaging quality of pseudo-CT images is improved by adding a 3D gradient loss function. Fivefold cross-validation was performed to validate our model. Each pseudo CT generated is compared against the real CT image (ground truth CT, CTgt) of the same patient based on mean absolute error (MAE) and structural similarity index (SSIM). The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) coefficient was used to evaluate the segmentation results of pseudo CT and real CT. 3D CycleGAN performance was compared to 2D CycleGAN based on normalized mutual information (NMI) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) metrics between the pseudo-CT and CTgt images. The dosimetric accuracy of pseudo-CT images was evaluated by gamma analysis.ResultsThe MAE metric values between the CTCycleGAN and the real CT in fivefold cross-validation are 52.03 ± 4.26HU, 50.69 ± 5.25HU, 52.48 ± 4.42HU, 51.27 ± 4.56HU, and 51.65 ± 3.97HU, respectively, and the SSIM values are 0.87 ± 0.02, 0.86 ± 0.03, 0.85 ± 0.02, 0.85 ± 0.03, and 0.87 ± 0.03 respectively. The DSC values of the segmentation of bladder, cervix, rectum, and bone between CTCycleGAN and real CT images are 91.58 ± 0.45, 88.14 ± 1.26, 87.23 ± 2.01, and 92.59 ± 0.33, respectively. Compared with 2D CycleGAN, the 3D CycleGAN based pseudo-CT image is closer to the real image, with NMI values of 0.90 ± 0.01 and PSNR values of 30.70 ± 0.78. The gamma pass rate of the dose distribution between CTCycleGAN and CTgt is 97.0% (2%/2 mm).ConclusionThe pseudo-CT images obtained based on the improved 3D CycleGAN have more accurate electronic density and anatomical structure.
Defining the Optimal Method for Measuring Metabolic Tumor Volume on Preoperative 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography as a Prognostic Predictor in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tatewaki Yasuko , Terao Chiaki Maeda , Ariake Kyohei , Saito Ryoko , Mutoh Tatsushi , Shimomura Hideo , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Mizuma Masamichi , Odagiri Hayato , Unno Michiaki , Taki Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesMetabolic tumor volume (MTV) on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is a promising prognostic predictor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the optimal segmentation method and threshold value to determine MTV for PDAC are still unclear. We explored the optimal method and threshold value for the prognostic value of MTV measured on pre-treatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT.MethodsSeventy-three patients with resected PDAC who underwent 18F FDG-PET/CT before surgical resection were enrolled. MTV values of the tumor were measured on FDG-PET/CT by the two fixed-threshold methods using threshold values as 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 for the absolute method and 35%, 40%, 42%, 45%, and 50% for the relative method. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for prediction of 1-year survival rates was conducted for determining the optimal threshold values, and we selected the optimal method and threshold value considering area under the curve. The prognostic values of each FDG-PET/CT parameter for disease-specific survival and recurrence-free survival were assessed with Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsIn receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, MTV by the fixed-absolute threshold method based on a threshold value of 3.5 (MTV3.5) performed best in our study with area under the curve 0.724, sensitivity of 65%, and specificity of 75%. In univariate and multivariate analyses, MTV3.5 was significantly associated with disease-specific and recurrence-free survival.ConclusionsMTV3.5 by absolute threshold on pre-treatment FDG-PET/CT was the best independent prognostic predictor in resectable PDAC compared with other absolute threshold values and relative threshold values.
Effects of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors on Hemoglobin Levels: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Qu Wei , Yao Li , Liu Xiaodan , Xu Tianhua , Tian Binyao 
Published: March 2021

Background: This study aimed to explore the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) on hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Wanfang Digital Periodicals Database (WFDP) and the Chinese Biological and Medical database (CBM) were searched for randomized trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM and chronic kidney disease up to July 25, 2020. A total of four studies that included 19,259 patients were identified.Results: Compared to control patients, SGLT2 inhibitors were shown to increase hemoglobin levels in patients with T2DM and chronic kidney disease (standard mean difference = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.59–0.82, p &lt; 0.0001).Conclusion: SGLT2 inhibitors may bring additional benefits to patients with T2DM and chronic kidney disease.
Tooth Loss Condition and Social Discrimination in Brazilian Healthcare Services
Authors: Bulgarelli Alexandre F. , dos Santos Camila M. , Rech Rafaela S. , Baumgarten Alexandre , Goulart Bárbara N. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To explore factors associated with social discrimination against users of health services regarding dental aesthetic conditions.Methods: Based on a Brazilian National Survey, multivariate Poisson regressions with robust variance were used to explore the association of outcome discrimination related to different motivations in health services and exposure to sociodemographic and dental variables. Effect modification by complete prosthesis wearing was assessed.Results: Among the 60,200 people interviewed, 11.5% reported being discriminated against in health services. For women, a higher prevalence of discrimination was found among those in the age group of 30–44 years. For both sexes, discrimination was associated with black and brown skin color. Regarding dental characteristics, the higher the tooth loss was, the higher the prevalence of discrimination; however, complete prosthesis wearing presented as a protective factor. Social discrimination was the major motivation for reported discrimination and presented higher prevalence in edentulous individuals who did not wear prosthesis.Conclusion: Dental loss may lead to self-reported discrimination in health care services. The prevalence of discrimination increases when tooth loss increases, and the major reason associated is social discrimination.
Dimensions of Teacher Performance Evaluation by Students in Higher Education
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Evaluation is one of the important aspects of the process of educational activities. And by it, the shortcomings and strengths of educational programs are realized. In the meantime, the evaluation of the professor as an important strategy to improve the quality of education has been considered by universities. Therefore, higher education centers set criteria for determining the competence of their teacher and thereby evaluate their performance through a codified process. The purpose of this type of evaluation is to improve the teaching method and to improve its effectiveness. In this library research, by combining topics and presenting the views of scientists and writers, we will be aware of the strengths and weaknesses, and in the end, some suggestions will be provided.
Características operativas de la regla de predicción STePS para desenlaces graves a corto plazo en pacientes con síncope
Authors: Valencia-Álvarez Julián David , Idrovo Turbay Carolina Paola , Mora-Pabón Guillermo 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: el síncope es una entidad clínica frecuente en urgencias con un pronóstico variable que depende de su etiología. El estudio STePS identificó cuatro variables que se asociaron independientemente con desenlaces graves a 10 días. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar su rendimiento en una población de pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias por síncope.
Metodología: estudio prospectivo observacional de pacientes que consultaron a urgencias del Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael con diagnóstico de síncope. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables demográficas y clínicas de la población, y un análisis comparativo según el ingreso o no a UCI. Se analizaron las variables cualitativas y cuantitativas por medio de prueba de chi cuadrado y t student respectivamente. Las características operativas de la regla STePS fueron evaluadas en una gráfica considerándose como aceptable un área bajo la curva (AUC) mayor a 0.8 y como óptima un AUC mayor a 0.9.
Resultados: se incluyeron 98 pacientes. El rendimiento de la regla de predicción STePS fue AUC-ROC 0.64 (IC95%; 0.53-0.75). Sólo el electrocardiograma anormal (OR 13.98, IC 95% 1.29- 151.9) y trauma concomitante (OR 5.22, IC 95% 1.20-22.67) demostraron ser factores de riesgo para desenlaces graves a 10 días. Se identificaron factores prevalentes en la población con ingreso a UCI: edad >65 años (p=0.02), antecedente de falla cardiaca (p=0.047), enfermedad renal crónica (p=0.002) y cardiopatía (p=0.01).
Conclusión: la regla de predicción STePS no tuvo un rendimiento favorable para predicción de desenlaces graves a 10 días del evento sincopal en esta población estudiada
Trombólisis en ataque cerebrovascular isquémico
Authors: Zarama-Valenzuela Alvaro , Bustos Sanchez Jose Luis , Gordillo Navas Gladys C. , Vargas Rodriguez Ledmar Jovanny 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: se describe la experiencia de un programa de trombólisis para ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en un hospital público colombiano de tercer nivel. Objetivos: caracterizar los pacientes que recibieron trombólisis intravenosa por ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en la institución hospitalaria entre enero de 2014 y junio de 2019.
Material y métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo, a partir de la revisión de historias clínicas.
Resultados: se incluyeron 156 pacientes. La edad promedio fue de 66.1 años y 50.6% fueron mujeres. Sólo 28.8% provenían de Tunja. La hipertensión arterial fue el factor de riesgo más prevalente. El tiempo promedio de estancia fue de ocho días (DE 7.7) y el tiempo promedio de ventana fue de 2.8 horas (DE 1.29). El puntaje NIHSS promedio de ingreso fue 12.4 (DE 5) y el de egreso de 4.8 (DE 4.48). La tasa de mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue 14.7% y la tasa de transformación hemorrágica de 10.9%. El tiempo puerta-aguja promedio fue de 62.8 minutos (DE 42.95) y el tiempo puerta-imagen promedio de 23.5 minutos (DE 27.42).
Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a robustecer los datos epidemiológicos sobre los programas de trombólisis en el ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en Colombia y Latinoamérica. La distribución geográfica de la población de este estudio realza la importancia de la construcción de redes de trombólisis y la utilización de herramientas como la telemedicina.
Tuberculosis extrapulmonar como apendicitis aguda tuberculosa
Authors: Vergara-Corena Jairo Jaird , Blanco Castiblanco Luis Alfredo , Mangones Ortega Gilberto Rafael , Mejía Flórez Keimer José 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La apendicitis es la emergencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente, pero la tuberculosis como agente etiológico hace especial este caso, debido a su muy baja frecuencia entre 0.1 al 0.6%, su hallazgo incidental nos orienta a buscar otros órganos comprometidos y a iniciar tratamiento específico, este es el primer reporte de caso en nuestra región.
Método/Reporte de caso: Mujer de 33 años, con antecedentes de insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria, en tratamiento con fludrocortisona, quien consultó por presentar dolor en cuadrante inferior derecho abdominal, picos febriles y episodios eméticos, lo anterior asociado a biometría hemática con leucocitosis más desviación a la izquierda, uroanálisis patológico, se sospecha infección del tracto urinario, iniciando antibioticoterapia, sin obtener mejoría, por lo que se evalúa por cirugía general quien considera abdomen agudo de origen en apendicitis, realizando abordaje quirúrgico con posterior estudio histopatológico que sugiere inflamación granulomatosa caseificante compatible con tuberculosis, con la consecuente demostración de BAAR mediante tinción de Ziehl Neelsen.
Conclusión: La tuberculosis extrapulmonar tiene presentaciones clínicas diversas, por lo tanto, debemos mantener sospecha ante manifestaciones atípicas de la patología, la apendicitis aguda tuberculosa, generalmente se da en el contexto de un paciente inmunosuprimido y su diagnóstico etiológico es realizado en el post operatorio, por lo tanto, es indispensable vigilar y revisar el resultado de la biopsia y las tinciones que nos permitan realizar tratamientos específicos.
أثر انموذج درايفر في اكتساب المفاهيم العلمية في مادة الرياضيات لدى طلاب الصف الخامس العلمي الفرع التطبيقي
Authors: Hasan Taghreed Khudhair 
Published: March 2021

يرمي البحث الحالي الى معرفة أثر انموذج درايفر في اكتساب المفاهيم العلمية في مادة الرياضيات لدى طلاب الصف الخامس العلمي الفرع التطبيقي . بلغت عينة البحث (63) طالباً ، بواقع (32) طالباً للمجموعة التجريبية، و(31) طالباً للمجموعة الضابطة . واستعملت أداة موحدة لقياس اكتساب المفاهيم العلمية لدى طلاب مجموعتي البحث ، إذ أعدت اختباراً مؤلفاً من (30) فقرة اختبارية. وتحققت من صدقه وثباته. أظهرت النتائج البحث تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا مادة الرياضيات على وفق انموذج درايفر ، على طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا المادة نفسها على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار اكتساب المفاهيم العلمية ، وهذه دلالة على أثر انموذج درايفر ، في تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية قياساً بالمجموعة الضابطة
Irish Poets: Keepers of National Lore
Authors: Frag Asst. Prof. Dr. Amal Nasser 
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses three noteable Irish poets: Augustine Joseph Clarke (1896-1974), Richard Murphy (1927- ), and Patrick Kavanagh (1904–1967), who are considered as keepers of national lore of Irland. It explains these poets’ contribution to world literature through the renewal of Irish myths, history, and culture. Irish poets tackle the problems of Irish people in the present in a realistic way by criticising the restrictions imposed on the Irish people in their society.Augustine Joseph Clarke’s poems present a deep invocation of Irish past and landscape. While Richard Murphy offers recurring images of islands and the sea. He explores the personal and communal legacies of history, as many of his poems reveal his attempts to reconcile his Anglo-Irish background and education with his boyhood desire to be, in his words, “truly Irish”. Patrick Kavanagh was not interested in the Irish Literary Renaissance Movement that appeared and continued to influence many Irish writers during the twentieth century which called for the revival of ancient Irish culture, language, literature, and art. He, unlike the Irish revivalists who tried to revive the Gaelic language as the mother tongue of the Irish people like Dillon Johnston and Guinn Batten, uses a poetic language based on the day-to-day speech of the poet and his community rather than on an ideal of compensation for the fractures in his country’s linguistic heritage. The paper conculdes with the importance of the role of the Irish poet as a keeper and a gurdian of his national lore and tradition
ثنائية القصدية والإفادة في تحليلات ابن الحاجب (ت646 هـ) النـَّحوية
Authors: Ehwain Asst .prof .Dr.  Riyadh Abood 
Published: March 2021

يؤكِّدُ هذا البحث سعة الخطاب النحوي القديم في استيعاب المنهج التداولي الحديث، ويشير في الوقت نفسه إلى أن النحو العربي ليس مجرد قواعد شكلية تناوب النحويون على وضعها وصياغتها؛ بل إنَّ لتفكير النَّحويين أثراً كبيراً في تحديد المعنى؛ لذا فالهدف من هذا البحث هو إظهار رقي التفكير النَّحوي لدى ابن الحاجب في رسم ملامح النَّحو وتقعيد أحكامه وقواعده، فقد كان صاحبنا حريصاً جداً على أن يؤدي الخطاب النَّحوي مقاصد المتكلم إلى مخاطَبه، وفي الجهة المقابلة تتحقق الإفادة ليستمر التَّواصل اللُّغوي بينهما، وهكذا ترى - أيُّها القارئ الكريم – أنَّ ثنائية القصدية والإفادة ضابطاً استعمله النَّحويون القدماء قبل أن تكون مبحثاً مهماً في الدرس التَّداولي.
Supersaturation, Counting, and Randomness in Forbidden Subposet Problems
Authors: Gerbner Dániel , Nagy Dániel T. , Patkós Balázs , Vizer Máté 
Published: March 2021

In the area of forbidden subposet problems we look for the largest possible size $La(n,P)$ of a family $\mathcal{F}\subseteq 2^{[n]}$ that does not contain a forbidden inclusion pattern described by $P$. The main conjecture of the area states that for any finite poset $P$ there exists an integer $e(P)$ such that $La(n,P)=(e(P)+o(1))\binom{n}{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}$.
In this paper, we formulate three strengthenings of this conjecture and prove them for some specific classes of posets. (The parameters $x(P)$ and $d(P)$ are defined in the paper.)

For any finite connected poset $P$ and $\varepsilon>0$, there exists $\delta>0$ and an integer $x(P)$ such that for any $n$ large enough, and $\mathcal{F}\subseteq 2^{[n]}$ of size $(e(P)+\varepsilon)\binom{n}{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}$, $\mathcal{F}$ contains at least $\delta n^{x(P)}\binom{n}{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}$ copies of $P$.
The number of $P$-free families in $2^{[n]}$ is $2^{(e(P)+o(1))\binom{n}{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}}$.
Let $\mathcal{P}(n,p)$ be the random subfamily of $2^{[n]}$ such that every $F\in 2^{[n]}$ belongs to $\mathcal{P}(n,p)$ with probability $p$ independently of all other subsets $F'\in 2^{[n]}$. For any finite poset $P$, there exists a positive rational $d(P)$ such that if $p=\omega(n^{-d(P)})$, then the size of the largest $P$-free family in $\mathcal{P}(n,p)$ is $(e(P)+o(1))p\binom{n}{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}$ with high probability.
Pharmacoeconomic comparison of the second generation insulin analogs and insulins on their base
Authors: Dyakov I. N. , Zyryanov S. K. 
Published: March 2021

Effective control of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an actual task from clinical and economic points of view. The second generation insulin analogs increase level of DM compensation without hypoglycemia. The economic aspects of their usage have been evaluated early, but it is still actual due to changes in prices and new data about clinical efficacy were published.Materials and methods: Clinical-economic comparison of insulin glargine 300 U/ml (iGla 300), insulin degludec (iDeg) and insulin degludec/ insulin aspart (iDegAsp) in the Russian conditions has been performed in naïve patients’ group as well as in the group of patients with previous insulintherapy. Number of patients with HbA1c <7 % was chosen as efficacy criterion. Direct and indirect costs (medications, treatment of CV-complications, GDP loses etc.) were indicated and calculated based on the constructed model.Results: iGla 300 can give an economy till 20 % for medication cost and till 10 % for direct medical expenditures in compare with iDeg in DM Type 1. For both patients’ groups iGla 300 can save 10-23 % of sources in compare with iGed and iDegAsp in DM Type 2. In DM2T iGla 300 had more efficacy and less cost in compare with iDeg in elderly patients with renal insufficiency.Conclusion: An effective control of DM with modern insulins is profitable from government position of payment due to decreasing expenditures for complications treatment.
El saneamiento de títulos a nivel administrativo y las funciones judiciales, notariales, catastrales y registrales. / The consolidation of titles at the administrative level and the judicial, notarial, cadastral, and registry functions.
Authors: Garay María A. , Moyano Raquel V. , Pelliza Palmes Mariano 
Published: March 2021

El saneamiento de títulos, a través de la prescripción adquisitiva se da tanto en inmuebles de los particulares como del Estado respecto de los bienes del dominio privado, en este aspecto, la función notarial en caso de haberla, la efectuará el escribano calificado, en este último caso, a través de la escribanía general de gobierno. Nos proponemos pues, abordar el saneamiento de los bienes del Estado, función que puede ser tratada, tanto por la vía judicial, administrativa en sentido estricto o a través de la Escribanía General de Gobierno, así como casos específicos de adquisiciones dominiales de particulares con posesión pero sin título de dominio.
ABSTRACT:
The sanitation of titles, through the purchase prescription occurs both in real estate of individuals and the State regarding the assets of the private domain, in this regard, the notarial function will be performed by the qualified notary, in the latter case, through of the general notary of government. We therefore propose to address the sanitation of state assets, a function that can be dealt with, either by judicial, administrative means strictly or through the General Notary of Government, as well as specific cases of proprietary acquisitions of individuals with possession but without title of domain.
Magellanic Mayhem: Metallicities and Motions
Authors: Grady J. , Belokurov V. , Evans N. W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We assemble a catalog of Magellanic Cloud red giants from Data Release 2 of the Gaia mission and, utilizing machine-learning methods, obtain photometric metallicity estimates for them. In doing so, we are able to chemically map the entirety of the Magellanic System at once. Our maps reveal a plethora of substructure within our red giant sample, with the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) bar and spiral arm being readily apparent. We uncover a curious spiral-like feature in the southern portion of the LMC disk, hosting relatively metal-rich giants and likely a by-product of historic encounters with the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Modeling the LMC as an inclined thin disk, we find a shallow metallicity gradient of −0.048 ± 0.001 dex kpc−1 out to ∼12° from the center of the dwarf. We see evidence that the SMC is disrupting, with its outer isodensity contours displaying the S-shape symptomatic of tidal stripping. On studying the proper motions of the SMC giants, we observe a population of them being violently dragged toward the larger Cloud. The perturbed stars predominantly lie in front of the SMC, and we interpret that they exist as a tidal tail of the dwarf, trailing in its motion and undergoing severe disruption from the LMC. We find the metallicity structure in the Magellanic Bridge region to be complex, with evidence for a composite nature in this stellar population, consisting of both LMC and SMC debris.