bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cage culture of Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) in a tropical reservoir in India and associated impacts on water and sediment quality
Authors: Parakkandi Jesna , Das Basanta Kumar , Saha Ajoy , Vijayakumar Leela Ramya , Gunasekharan Janarthanan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCage culture of Etroplus suratensis (Pearlspot) was carried out in Krishnagiri reservoir, India, a highly productive reservoir to analyze the feasibility of growing this species in freshwater cages and to investigate the effect on selected environmental parameters. Fish of average weight 5.98 ± 0.52 g were stocked at 10 ind. m3 in High‐Density Poly‐Ethylene floating cages (3 × 3 × 2 m) made of nylon knotless net with 12 mm mesh size. Fish were fed commercial pellet feed containing 32% protein at 5–3% of body weight a day. A reference point was fixed 100 m away from the cage site to compare the water quality as well as plankton abundance with the cage site. After 7 months, the fish grew to 90.31 ± 2.48 g, with low mean weight gain during the first 2 months, and a steady increase thereafter. Overall, the growth of Etroplus in terms of the analyzed parameters viz. specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio viz. 1.3 ± 0.013, 2.87 ± 0.08, 0.35 ± 0.01 and 1.01 ± 0.03, respectively, was found to be satisfactory in freshwater cages irrespective of low survival (52%). Zooplankton and phytoplankton density at the cage was significantly higher throughout the study, maybe due to the abundance of primary nutrients from the decomposition of leftover feed.
EASL versus LI‐RADS: Intra‐individual comparison of MRI with extracellular contrast and gadoxetic acid for diagnosis of small HCC
Authors: Min Ji Hye , Kim Jong Man , Kim Young Kon , Kim Honsoul , Cha Dong Ik , Kang Tae Wook , Choi Gyu Seong , Choi Seo‐Youn , Ahn Soohyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsLiver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) and European Association for the Study (EASL) criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis have been updated in 2018. We aimed to compare the HCC diagnostic performance of LI‐RADS and EASL criteria with extracellular contrast agents‐MRI (ECA‐MRI) and hepatobiliary agents‐MRI (HBA‐MRI).MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 179 participants with cirrhosis (n = 105) or non‐cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (n = 74) who underwent both ECA‐MRI and HBA‐MRI before surgery for de novo nodule(s) measuring 10‐30 mm. We compared the HCC diagnostic performance of EASL and LR‐5 in both MRIs.ResultsIn an analysis of 215 observations (175 HCCs, 17 non‐HCC malignancies and 23 benign lesions) identified from cirrhotic or non‐cirrhotic CHB participants, LR‐5 with ECA‐MRI provided the highest sensitivity (80.7%), followed by EASL with ECA‐MRI (76.2%), LR‐5 with HBA‐MRI (67.3%) and EASL with HBA‐MRI (63.0%, all P < .05). The specificities were comparable (89.4%‐91.5%). When the analysis is limited to participants with pathological cirrhosis (123 observations), the sensitivity of LR‐5 with ECA‐MRI was similar to that of EASL with ECA‐MRI (82.7% vs 80.2%, P = .156), but higher than LR‐5 with HBA‐MRI (65.1%) or EASL with HBA‐MRI (62.8%, both P < .001), with comparable specificities (87.5%‐91.7%).ConclusionsThe LR‐5 with ECA‐MRI yielded the highest sensitivity with a similar specificity for HCC diagnosis in cirrhosis and non‐cirrhotic CHB participants, while the sensitivities of LR‐5 and EASL with ECA‐MRI are similar for cirrhosis participants. This indicates non‐invasive diagnosis criteria can differ by contrast agents and presence of cirrhosis.
The astrophysical context of collision processes in meteorites
Authors: Marrocchi Yves , Delbo Marco , Gounelle Matthieu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChondrites are leftover solids from the early evolution of the solar protoplanetary disk that never experienced melting since their formation. They comprise unequilibrated assemblages of low‐ and high‐temperature components, including volatile‐rich, fine‐grained matrices, Fe‐Ni metal, sulfides, refractory inclusions, and chondrules. Consequently, chondrites are commonly described as pristine, primitive, or primordial rocks of the solar system. However, impact‐generated secondary features are abundant in chondrites, suggesting that collisions among early‐formed planetesimals and their fragmentation and reassembly have been effective throughout the evolution of the solar system. In this report, we review evidence of the major role of impacts in generating the current mineralogical and petrographic characteristics of chondrites. We provide perspective to these meteoritic features by discussing recent analyses of large‐scale structures of the main asteroid belt and remote‐sensing observations of asteroids. Observations at various spatial scales all attest that the “primitive” materials formed during the evolution of the solar system have largely been reprocessed, confirming previous studies that primitivity is relative, not absolute. This implies that (1) chondrites (and some differentiated meteorites) should systematically be envisioned as reprocessed and heterogeneous materials and (2) brecciated meteorites should be considered the norm and unbrecciated meteorites the exception.
Grandmothers: Central scaffolding sources impacting maternal and infant feeding practices in Colombia
Authors: Concha Natalia , Jovchelovitch Sandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA growing body of evidence highlights that maternal and child nutrition programmes need to extend beyond the mother–child dyad by adopting a family systems approach, particularly in the Global South. Guided by a sociocultural and community psychology understanding of health, the paper explores factors identifying grandmothers as central resources for nutrition programmes. The study was conducted in a Colombian urban periphery applying a qualitative longitudinal design (prenatal and postpartum). It is based on interviews with adolescent mothers and mothers in their 20s (n = 35 at T1;n = 21 at T2), grandmothers (n = 15 at T1;n = 12 at T2) and community/public stakeholders (n = 17). Many of the participants live in low‐income households headed by grandmothers, who adjust feeding practices to the extent of their economic capacity. Findings reveal grandmothers play a central role in decision‐making and in enabling a holistic support system for the dyad. This is defined as grandmothers' scaffolding; it covers nutrition advice, breastfeeding and infant feeding, cultural practices, caregiving and maternal mental health. The study helps build the evidence‐base for the transferability of a family systems approach to Global South regions by using sociocultural and community psychology concepts to fortify the rationale for including grandmothers in maternal and child nutrition programmes. It argues for the need to continue raising the visibility of key actors like grandmothers and for nutrition programmes to align themselves more flexibly with the needs of families experiencing poverty.
Addressing anaemia in pregnancy in rural plains Nepal: A qualitative, formative study
Authors: Morrison Joanna , Giri Romi , Arjyal Abriti , Kharel Chandani , Harris‐Fry Helen , James Philip , Baral Sushil , Saville Naomi , Hillman Sara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMaternal anaemia prevalence in low‐income countries is unacceptably high. Our research explored the individual‐, family‐ and community‐level factors affecting antenatal care uptake, iron folic acid (IFA) intake and consumption of micronutrient‐rich diets among pregnant women in the plains of Nepal. We discuss how these findings informed the development of a home visit and community mobilisation intervention to reduce anaemia in pregnancy. We used a qualitative methodology informed by the socio‐ecological framework, conducting semi‐structured interviews with recently pregnant women and key informants, and focus group discussions with mothers‐in‐law and fathers. We found that harmful gender norms restricted women's access to nutrient‐rich food, restricted their mobility and access to antenatal care. These norms also restricted fathers' role to that of the provider, as opposed to the caregiver. Pregnant women, mothers‐in‐law and fathers lacked awareness about iron‐rich foods and how to manage the side effects of IFA. Fathers lacked trust in government health facilities affecting access to care and trust in the efficacy of IFA. Our research informed interventions by (1) informing the development of intervention tools and training; (2) informing the intervention focus to engaging mothers‐in‐law and men to enable behaviour change; and (3) demonstrating the need to work in synergy across individual, family and community levels to address power and positionality, gender norms, trust in health services and harmful norms. Participatory groups and home visits will enable the development and implementation of feasible and acceptable strategies to address family and contextual issues generating knowledge and an enabling environment for behaviour change.
Genomic data of different resolutions reveal consistent inbreeding estimates but contrasting homozygosity landscapes for the threatened Aotearoa New Zealand hihi
Authors: Duntsch Laura , Whibley Annabel , Brekke Patricia , Ewen John G. , Santure Anna W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInbreeding can lead to a loss of heterozygosity in a population and when combined with genetic drift may reduce the adaptive potential of a species. However, there is uncertainty about whether resequencing data can provide accurate and consistent inbreeding estimates. Here, we performed an in‐depth inbreeding analysis for hihi (Notiomystis cincta), an endemic and nationally vulnerable passerine bird of Aotearoa New Zealand. We first focused on subsampling variants from a reference genome male, and found that low‐density data sets tend to miss runs of homozygosity (ROH) in some places and overestimate ROH length in others, resulting in contrasting homozygosity landscapes. Low‐coverage resequencing and 50 K SNP array densities can yield comparable inbreeding results to high‐coverage resequencing approaches, but the results for all data sets are highly dependent on the software settings employed. Second, we extended our analysis to 10 hihi where low‐coverage whole genome resequencing, RAD‐seq and SNP array genotypes are available. We inferred ROH and individual inbreeding to evaluate the relative effects of sequencing depth versus SNP density on estimating inbreeding coefficients and found that high rates of missingness downwardly bias both the number and length of ROH. In summary, when using genomic data to evaluate inbreeding, studies must consider that ROH estimates are heavily dependent on analysis parameters, data set density and individual sequencing depth.
Reducingnon‐melanomaskin cancer risk in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Thet Zaw , Lam Alfred K. , Ranganathan Dwarakanathan , Aung Soe Yu , Han Thin , Khoo Tien K. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTWith an increasing number of renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and improving patient survival, a higher incidence of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been observed. NMSC in RTRs are often more numerous and biologically more aggressive than the general population, thus contributing towards an increase in morbidity and to a lesser degree, mortality. The resultant cumulative health and financial burden is a recognized concern. Proposed strategies in mitigating risks of developing NMSC and early therapeutic options thereof include tailored modification of immunosuppressants in conjunction with sun protection in all transplant patients. This review highlights the clinical and financial burden of transplant‐associated skin cancers, carcinogenic mechanisms in association with immunosuppression, importance of skin cancer awareness campaign and integrated transplant skin clinic, and the potential role of chemoprotective agents. A scheme is proposed for primary and secondary prevention of NMSC based on the available evidence.
Finnish adolescents' perceptions of their health choices: A qualitative study
Authors: Moilanen Tanja , Rahkonen Nina , Kangasniemi Mari 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study described adolescents' perceptions of the aims of their daily health choices and how they make them. We used a qualitative, explorative design, with 67 adolescents aged 15–16 years taking part in semi‐structured focus groups in Finland in 2016. We analyzed the data with qualitative inductive content analysis. Adolescents perceived their health choices as automatic and driven by knowledge and mistakes, and these decisions reflected their values and feelings. Their health choices were based on immediate and long‐term goals and they reported that making good choices improved their self‐confidence and enhanced their individuality. Adolescents also used health choices to promote other people's health. Health choices were linked to parental help and restrictions, and seeking acceptance from friends. Adolescents' health choices were also enabled and limited by society and the environment that they lived in. In conclusion, adolescents' health choices were an integral part of their daily decision‐making, reflected the environment they lived in, and aimed to promote their health and express their individuality.
Arbitrariness and the long road to permissivism
Authors: Fairchild Maegan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadically permissive ontologies like mereological universalism and material plenitude are typically motivated by concerns about arbitrariness or anthropocentrism: it would be objectionably arbitrary, the thought goes, to countenance only those objects that we ordinarily take there to be. Despite the prevalence of this idea, it isn't at all clear what it is for a theory to be “objectionably arbitrary”, or what follows from a commitment to avoiding arbitrariness in metaphysics. This paper aims to clarify both questions, and examines whether arguments from arbitrariness really are the proper foundations for one or both varieties of ontological permissivism. I argue that these considerations (even when made more precise) are far less successful at motivating radical forms of permissivism than we often take them to be. To do better, permissivists must either supply a much more developed metaphysics of material objects, or a controversial (but tempting) conception of what we're doing when we do metaphysics.
Contrasting effects of soil microbial interactions on growth–defence relationships between early‐ and mid‐successional plant communities
Authors: Geisen Stefan , Heinen Robin , Andreou Elena , van Lent Teun , ten Hooven Freddy C. , Thakur Madhav P. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPlants allocate resources to processes related to growth and enemy defence. Simultaneously, they interact with complex soil microbiomes that also affect plant performance. While the influence of individual microbial groups on single plants is increasingly studied, effects of microbial interactions on growth, defence and growth–defence relationships remain unknown, especially at the plant community level.We investigated how three microbial groups (bacteria, fungi, protists), alone and in full‐factorial combinations, affect plant performance and potential growth–defence relationships by measuring phenolics composition in early‐ and mid‐successional grass and forb communities in a glasshouse experiment.Microbial groups did not affect plant growth and only fungi increased defence compounds in early‐ and mid‐successional forbs, while grasses were not affected. Shoot biomass–defence relationships were negatively correlated in most microbial treatments in early‐successional forbs, but positively in several microbial treatments in mid‐successional forbs. The growth–defence relationship was generally negative in early‐successional but not in mid‐successional grasses. The presence of different microbiomes commonly removed the observed growth–defence relationships.We conclude that soil microorganisms and their interactions can shift growth–defence relationships differentially for plant functional groups and the relationships vary between successional stages. Microbial interaction‐induced growth–defence shifts might therefore underlie distinct plant strategies and fitness.
Sleep quality and risk of recurrent aphthous ulcers: A Spanish cohort study
Authors: Tohidinik Hamid Reza , Rodríguez Almudena , Regueira‐Méndez Carlos , Takkouche Bahi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a condition that affects 20% of the world population and is characterized by painful ulcers in the oral mucosa. So far, the epidemiology and risk factors of RAS have been infrequently studied. Our objective was to determine whether sleep‐related factors are related to the occurrence of RAS in the first prospective study carried out on this topic.MethodsA cohort of 11210 Spanish students, 13–17 years old, was followed up for one year. Sleep disorders were assessed at baseline using a standard validated questionnaire.ResultsWe detected 2655 new cases of RAS with a total of 287,262 person‐week of follow‐up. Subjects with high (4th quartile) Insomnia Index showed an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of RAS of 1.29 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.45), while subjects with high Hypersomnia Index presented an IRR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.26–1.61). A high score of sleep‐related phenomena was also associated with an increased IRR: 1.53 (95% CI 1.37–1.69). Adolescents with high level of sleep satisfaction were at lower risk of RAS: 0.88 (95% CI 0.77–1.01).ConclusionThese findings suggest that sleep disorders are moderately associated with RAS in adolescents.
Legislative influence on administrative decision making in Pennsylvania's Abandoned and Orphan Well Plugging Program
Authors: Bang In Sik , Hollibaugh Gary E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo what extent are elected legislators able to influence administrative decision making? Recent research has been divided on this question, with some studies suggesting legislators are effectively unable to influence administrative outcomes, whereas others suggesting influence is common. Here, we examine this question in the context of Pennsylvania's Abandoned and Orphan Well Plugging Program (WPP). Despite the WPP using objective evaluative criteria to prioritize which abandoned and orphan oil and gas wells should be plugged before others, our results suggest legislators are able to influence the WPP's decisions. Specifically, we find that wells are plugged more quickly when the districts in which they are located are represented by (a) more experienced legislators, (b) legislators who sit on the state House or Senate Environmental Resources and Energy Committees, and (c) more liberal/Democratic legislators. These results have implications for those interested and involved in the legislative‐administrative nexus.
How Armed Conflict Influences Migration
Authors: Williams Nathalie E. , O'Brien Michelle L. , Yao Xiaozheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe literature on migration during armed conflict is abundant. Yet, the questions of highest policy relevance—how many people will leave because of a conflict and how many more people will be living outside a country because of a conflict—are not well addressed. This article explores these questions using an agent‐based model, a computational simulation that allows us to connect armed conflict to individual behavioral changes and then to aggregate migration flows and migrant stocks. With detailed data from Nepal during the 1996–2006 conflict, we find that out‐migration rates actually decrease on average, largely due to a prior decrease in return migration. Regardless, the stock of migrants outside the country increases modestly during that period. Broadly, this study demonstrates that population dynamics are inherent to and necessary for understanding conflict‐related migration. We conclude with a discussion of the generalizability and policy implications of this study.
Early administration of milrinone ameliorates lung and kidney injury during sepsis in juvenile rats
Authors: Keskin Halil , Tavaci Taha , Halici Hamza , Yuksel Tugba Nurcan , Ozkaraca Mustafa , Bilen Arzu , Kose Duygu , Mendil Ali Sefa , Halici Zekai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA sepsis model was created, induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), in juvenile rat groups. Milrinone (MIL), which is known to have a modulatory effect on pro‐inflammatory cytokines, was administered to the designated rat groups in the early period before severe sepsis developed. The study was aimed at investigating the possible protective effects of milrinone on the lung and kidney tissues of rats in the late phase of sepsis.MethodsThe rat pups were divided into seven groups with six animals in each group: (1) healthy rats who received no drug; (2) CLP‐S12 (sacrificed at hour 12); (3) CLP‐S24 (sacrificed at hour 24); (4) CLP‐MIL1‐S12 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hour 1 and sacrificed at hour 12); (5) CLP‐MIL1‐S24 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hour 1 and sacrificed at hour 24): (6) CLP‐MIL12‐S24 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hour 12 and sacrificed at hour 24), (7) and CLP‐MIL1,12‐S24 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hours 1 and 12 and sacrificed at hour 24).ResultsSignificant differences were found between the early and late administration of milrinone in terms of both molecular and histopathological results. The results showed that the tissues were significantly preserved in the groups in which milrinone had been started in the early period compared to the sepsis control groups and the groups in which milrinone had been started in the late period.ConclusionsIn addition to the positive inotropic effects of milrinone, its immunomodulatory properties that result in decreased cytokine storm can be beneficial during early period of sepsis.
Recruitment and retention of underrepresented and vulnerable populations to research
Authors: Langer Shelby L. , Castro Felipe González , Chen Angela Chia‐Chen , Davis Kelly Cue , Joseph Rodney P. , Kim Wonsun (Sunny) , Larkey Linda , Lee Rebecca E. , Petrov Megan E. , Reifsnider Elizabeth , Youngstedt Shawn D. , Shaibi Gabriel Q. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPer principles outlined in the Belmont Report, research involving human subjects should minimize risks to participants and maximize benefits to participants and society. Recruitment of participants should be equitable. Once enrolled, participants have the right to withdraw at any point. Researchers must balance these principles with pressures to meet enrollment goals and, in the context of repeated‐measures designs, retain participants across time. The purpose of this perspective is to describe the approach and corresponding activities for recruiting and retaining underrepresented and vulnerable populations that are the focus of a transdisciplinary academic research center. To this effort, we offer diverse disciplinary backgrounds, experience working with a wide range of populations (from infants to older adults and across multiple health conditions), and spanning a variety of research designs. Effective strategies offered include partnering with community entities, approaching potential participants where they are and at a time of readiness, using population‐appropriate modes of communication and data collection, conducting study activities in familiar settings and at convenient times, maintaining frequent contact, and offering meaningful incentives. These strategies are consistent with population‐specific reports found in the extant literature and underscore their cross‐cutting nature, with adaptations based on participant and community partner needs and preferences.