bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large ultrafast-modulated Voigt effect in noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn3Sn
Authors: Zhao H. C. , Xia H. , Hu S. , Lv Y. Y. , Zhao Z. R. , He J. , Liang E. , Ni G. , Chen L. Y. , Qiu X. P. , Zhou S. M. , Zhao H. B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe time-resolved magneto-optical (MO) Voigt effect can be utilized to study the Néel order dynamics in antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials, but it has been limited for collinear AFM spin configuration. Here, we have demonstrated that in Mn3Sn with an inverse triangular spin structure, the quench of AFM order by ultrafast laser pulses can result in a large Voigt effect modulation. The modulated Voigt angle is significantly larger than the polarization rotation due to the crystal-structure related linear dichroism effect and the modulated MO Kerr angle arising from the ferroic ordering of cluster magnetic octupole. The AFM order quench time shows negligible change with increasing temperature approaching the Néel temperature (TN), in markedly contrast with the pronounced slowing-down demagnetization typically observed in conventional magnetic materials. This atypical behavior can be explained by the influence of weakened Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction rather than the smaller exchange splitting on the diminished AFM order near TN. The temperature-insensitive ultrafast spin manipulation can pave the way for high-speed spintronic devices either working at a wide range of temperature or demanding spin switching near TN.
Impacts of climate change on suitability zonation for potato cultivation in Jilin Province, Northeast China
Authors: Zhu Yaqiu , Yu Qiang , Luo Qiyou , Zhang Hua , Zhao Jinling , Ju Zhanghong , Du Yating , Yang Yadong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlobal climate change is causing notable shifts in the environmental suitability of the main regions involved in potato cultivation and has, thus, changed the production potential of potatoes. These shifts can be mapped at fine scales to better understand climate change within areas of potato cultivation and to find infrastructural- and breeding-based solutions. As a case study, we have identified and mapped the structural and spatial shifts that occurred in areas suitable for potato cultivation in Jilin Province, China. We identified a discontinuity in climate change trends between 1961 and 2018 based on data for Jilin Province, and analyzed the averages and linear trends for six important climatic parameters. We used the averages of these climatic parameters to establish climate models for the province and determined cultivation using a multi-criteria, decision-based model that integrates Analytical Hierarchy Process Weighted Principal Component Analysis (AHP-PCA) and Geographic Information System (GIS). We mapped the environmentally suitable areas for potato cultivation at a 3-km resolution based on the geo-climate model for each time period and analyzed differences between them. We found that "Most suitable” areas for potato cultivation were mainly distributed in the central area of Jilin Province, “Suitable” areas were located in the northwestern plains, and “Sub-suitable” areas were located in the eastern mountainous areas. In contrast, “Not suitable” areas occur mainly in the high-altitude areas in the east. The areas of “Most suitable” and “Suitable” areas for potato cultivation in Jilin Province were increasing, with increasing rates of 0.37 × 1,000 km2 decade−1 (R2 = 0.58, P < 0.01) and 0.20 × 1,000 km2 decade−1 (R2 = 0.28, P < 0.01), respectively, while the extent of “Sub-suitable” areas is decreasing, with a decreasing rate of 0.58 × 1,000 km2 decade−1 (R2 = 0.53, P < 0.05). The area of “Not suitable” areas had undergone little change. “Most suitable” and “Suitable” areas for potato cultivation showed a trend towards northward expansion. Overall, our results suggest that global climate change has had a positive impact on potato cultivation in Jilin Province over the past 58 years.
Host factors that shape the bacterial community structure on scalp hair shaft
Authors: Watanabe Kota , Yamada Azusa , Nishi Yuri , Tashiro Yukihiro , Sakai Kenji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, we performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis of scalp hair shaft from 109 volunteers, who were surveyed using a questionnaire about daily scalp hair care, and employed multiple statistical analyses to elucidate the factors that contribute to the formation of bacterial community structures on scalp hair shaft. Scalp hair microbiota were found to be specific for each individual. Their microbiota were clearly divided into two clusters. Genus level richness of Pseudomonas (Ps) and Cutibacterium (Cu) contributed to the clusters. The clusters around Pseudomonas and Cutibacterium were named Ps-type and Cu-type, respectively. The host gender influenced the bacterial cell numbers of the major genera that included Cutibacterium, Lawsonella, Moraxella, and Staphylococcus on scalp hair shaft. In addition to host intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors such as hair styling and colouring affected the bacterial cell numbers of the major genera. These factors and chemical treatments, such as bleaching and perming, also affected the Ps-type to Cu-type ratios. These results suggest that bacterial community structures on scalp hair shaft are influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
Gelatin methacrylate hydrogels culture model for glioblastoma cells enriches for mesenchymal-like state and models interactions with immune cells
Authors: Shah Nameeta , Hallur Pavan M. , Ganesh Raksha A. , Sonpatki Pranali , Naik Divya , Chandrachari Komal Prasad , Puchalski Ralph B. , Chaubey Aditya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Simplified two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and neurospheres in vitro models fail to recapitulate the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, limiting its ability to predict therapeutic response. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-based models have emerged as a promising alternative for addressing these concerns. One such 3D system is gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels, and we aimed to understand the suitability of using this system to mimic treatment-resistant glioblastoma cells that reside in specific niches. We characterized the phenotype of patient-derived glioma cells cultured in GelMA hydrogels (3D-GMH) for their tumorigenic properties using invasion and chemoresponse assays. In addition, we used integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptome analysis to compare cells cultured in 3D-GMH to neoplastic cells in vivo. Finally, we assessed tumor-immune cell interactions with a macrophage infiltration assay and a cytokine array. We show that the 3D-GMH system enriches treatment-resistant mesenchymal cells that are not represented in neurosphere cultures. Cells cultured in 3D-GMH resemble a mesenchymal-like cellular phenotype found in perivascular and hypoxic regions and recruit macrophages by secreting cytokines, a hallmark of the mesenchymal phenotype. Our 3D-GMH model effectively mimics the phenotype of glioma cells that are found in the perivascular and hypoxic niches of the glioblastoma core in situ, in contrast to the neurosphere cultures that enrich cells of the infiltrative edge of the tumor. This contrast highlights the need for due diligence in selecting an appropriate model when designing a study‘s objectives.
HSPA9/Mortalin mediates axo-protection and modulates mitochondrial dynamics in neurons
Authors: Ferré Cécile A. , Thouard Anne , Bétourné Alexandre , Le Dorze Anne-Louise , Belenguer Pascale , Miquel Marie-Christine , Peyrin Jean-Michel , Gonzalez-Dunia Daniel , Szelechowski Marion 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMortalin is a mitochondrial chaperone protein involved in quality control of proteins imported into the mitochondrial matrix, which was recently described as a sensor of neuronal stress. Mortalin is down-regulated in neurons of patients with neurodegenerative diseases and levels of Mortalin expression are correlated with neuronal fate in animal models of Alzheimer's disease or cerebral ischemia. To date, however, the links between Mortalin levels, its impact on mitochondrial function and morphology and, ultimately, the initiation of neurodegeneration, are still unclear. In the present study, we used lentiviral vectors to over- or under-express Mortalin in primary neuronal cultures. We first analyzed the early events of neurodegeneration in the axonal compartment, using oriented neuronal cultures grown in microfluidic-based devices. We observed that Mortalin down-regulation induced mitochondrial fragmentation and axonal damage, whereas its over-expression conferred protection against axonal degeneration mediated by rotenone exposure. We next demonstrated that Mortalin levels modulated mitochondrial morphology by acting on DRP1 phosphorylation, thereby further illustrating the crucial implication of mitochondrial dynamics on neuronal fate in degenerative diseases.
Opening the Egg Box: NMR spectroscopic analysis of the interactions between s-block cations and kelp monosaccharides
Authors: Rowbotham Jack S. , Christopher Greenwell H. , Dyer Philip W. 
Published: September 2021

The α-form of kelp-derived monosaccharide l-guluronate (α-GulA) has a unique axial-equatorial-axial (ax–eq–ax) arrangement of hydroxyl groups that can coordinate to divalent cations (e.g. Ca2+), stabilising the structure relative to its β-anomer.
Surfactant induced self-assembly to prepare a vanadium nitride/N,S co-doped carbon high-capacitance anode material
Authors: He Tianqi , Zhao Qiuping , Wu Qianghong , Zhang Junlei , Ran Fen 
Published: September 2021

The mechanism of the reaction of C3H6N6 with NH4VO3 and the critical role of the surfactant in this reaction are investigated, and the high capacitance VN/N, S co-doped carbon materials are prepared by using the above reaction products.
Exploring the accretion-ejection geometry of GRS 1915+105 in the obscured state with future X-ray spectro-polarimetry
Authors: Ratheesh A. , Matt G. , Tombesi F. , Soffitta P. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Di Marco A. 
Published: September 2021

Context. GRS 1915+105 has been in a bright flux state for more than two decades, but in 2018 a significant drop in flux was observed, partly due to changes in the central engine along with increased X-ray absorption.
Aims. The aim of this work is to explore how X-ray spectro-polarimetry can be used to derive the basic geometrical properties of the absorbing and reflecting matter. In particular, the expected polarisation of the radiation reflected off the disc and the putative outflow is calculated.
Methods. We used NuSTAR data collected after the flux drop to derive the parameters of the system from hard X-ray spectroscopy. The spectroscopic parameters were then used to derive the expected polarimetric signal, using results from a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, both in the case of neutral and fully ionised matter.
Results. From the spectral analysis, we find that the continuum emission becomes softer with increasing flux, and that in all flux levels the obscuring matter is highly ionised. This analysis, on the other hand, confirms that spectroscopy alone is unable to put constraints on the geometry of the reflectors. Simulations show that X-ray polarimetric observations, such as those that will be provided soon by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), will help to determine the geometrical parameters which are left unconstrained by the spectroscopic analysis.
Stereoscopy of extreme UV quiet Sun brightenings observed by Solar Orbiter/EUI
Authors: Zhukov A. N. , Mierla M. , Auchère F. , Gissot S. , Rodriguez L. , Soubrié E. , Thompson W. T. , Inhester B. , Nicula B. , Antolin P. , Parenti S. , Buchlin É. , Barczynski K. , Verbeeck C. , Kraaikamp E. , Smith P. J. , Stegen K. , Dolla L. , Harra L. , Long D. M. , Schühle U. , Podladchikova O. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Teriaca L. , Haberreiter M. , Katsiyannis A. C. , Rochus P. , Halain J.-P. , Jacques L. , Berghmans D. 
Published: September 2021

Context. The three-dimensional fine structure of the solar atmosphere is still not fully understood as most of the available observations are taken from a single vantage point.
Aims. The goal of the paper is to study the three-dimensional distribution of the small-scale brightening events (“campfires”) discovered in the extreme-UV quiet Sun by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) aboard Solar Orbiter.
Methods. We used a first commissioning data set acquired by the EUI’s High Resolution EUV telescope on 30 May 2020 in the 174 Å passband and we combined it with simultaneous data taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory in a similar 171 Å passband. The two-pixel spatial resolution of the two telescopes is 400 km and 880 km, respectively, which is sufficient to identify the campfires in both data sets. The two spacecraft had an angular separation of around 31.5° (essentially in heliographic longitude), which allowed for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the campfire position. These observations represent the first time that stereoscopy was achieved for brightenings at such a small scale. Manual and automatic triangulation methods were used to characterize the campfire data.
Results. The height of the campfires is located between 1000 km and 5000 km above the photosphere and we find a good agreement between the manual and automatic methods. The internal structure of campfires is mostly unresolved by AIA; however, for a particularly large campfire, we were able to triangulate a few pixels, which are all in a narrow range between 2500 and 4500 km.
Conclusions. We conclude that the low height of EUI campfires suggests that they belong to the previously unresolved fine structure of the transition region and low corona of the quiet Sun. They are probably apexes of small-scale dynamic loops heated internally to coronal temperatures. This work demonstrates that high-resolution stereoscopy of structures in the solar atmosphere has become feasible.
Diabetestherapie im Krankenhaus
Authors: Ritter Michael Matthias 
Published: September 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine strukturierte und standardisierte Diabetestherapie im Krankenhaus war noch nie so wichtig wie heute. Die Nebendiagnose Diabetes ist so häufig geworden, dass jede Abteilung sich damit auseinandersetzen muss. Eine Vernachlässigung der Erkrankung hat eine Zunahme von Komplikationen, eine Verlängerung des stationären Aufenthaltes und eine verstärkte Nutzung von teuren Intensivkapazitäten zur Folge. Die Zunahme von Häufigkeit der Erkrankung, Komplexität der vorhandenen Medikamente und häufig erforderlichen Insulintherapie spricht für den Einsatz von ärztlichen und nicht-ärztlichen Fachkräften auf allen Stationen in einem Krankenhaus. Dies kann durch die zentrale Verantwortlichkeit einer Serviceeinheit „Diabetologie“ erreicht werden – so wie es das Zertifikat „Krankenhaus für Diabetiker geeignet“ der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft fordert und fördert.
Kinetic Resolution by Lithiation: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted Dihydrobenzoxazines and Tetrahydroquinoxalines
Authors: Coldham Iain , El-Tunsi Ashraf , Carter Nicholas , Yeo Song-Hee , Priest Joshua D. , Choi Anthony , Kobras Carolin M. , Ndlovu Soneni , Proietti Silvestri Ilaria , Fenton Andrew K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKinetic resolution provided a highly enantioselective method to access a range of 3-aryl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines using n-butyllithium and the chiral ligand sparteine. The enantioenrichment remained high on removing the tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protecting group. The intermediate organolithium undergoes ring opening to an enamine. The kinetic resolution was extended to give enantiomerically enriched substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines and was applied to the synthesis of an analogue of the antibiotic levofloxacin that was screened for its activity against the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Outcomes of Palliative Radiotherapy in Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression in Lung Cancer—A Prospective Observational Study from Tata Memorial Hospital
Authors: Tibdewal Anil , Sharma Alisha , Gurram Lavanya , Mummudi Naveen , Agarwal Jaiprakash 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) secondary to lung cancer (LC) is a debilitating complication associated with poor prognosis and is commonly treated with radiotherapy (RT). There is no consensus for RT dose fractionation in spinal cord compression.
Methods Forty consecutive patients of LC with radiological evidence of MESCC treated with palliative RT were evaluated for functional outcomes (pain, ambulation, and sphincter function) at 2-, 4-, and 24-week post RT completion. Pain assessment was done using visual analogue scale (VAS) and response was categorized according to international consensus criteria, ambulation status (AS) using Tomita’s scale, and sphincter function by the presence or absence of a catheter. Overall survival (OS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank test. Impact of potential prognostic factors on survival was also analyzed and p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Results Sixteen, 22, and two patients received 8 Gy single fraction (SF), 20 Gy in five fractions (20/5), and 30 Gy in 10 fractions (30/10), respectively. At 2 weeks, overall response (OR) rates of pain, ambulation, and sphincter control were 73, 81, and 81%, respectively. At 4 and 24 weeks, 93.7, 84.3, 87.5% and 88, 94, 76.5% had OR, respectively. Median OS was 4 months. Six- and 12-months OS was 50 and 37.5%. Nonsignificant difference in OS was seen between SF and 20/5 fractions (median 2.2 vs. 7.1 months, p = 0.39). Age ≤50 years was the only significant factor (p <0.05) in univariate analysis for OS.
Conclusion Radiotherapy provided equivalent pain control, ambulation, and sphincter function compared with reported literature in MESCC. Nonsignificant difference in OS exists between SF and multifraction RT regimens.
Influence of Screw-Hole Defect Size on the Biomechanical Properties of Feline Femora in an Ex Vivo Model
Authors: Hoon QiCai Jason , Wang Tian , Hall Evelyn , Walsh William R. , Johnson Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective The study aims to evaluate the biomechanical properties of feline femora with craniocaudal screw-hole defects of increasing diameter, subjected to three-point bending and torsion to failure at two different loading rates.Study Design Eighty femoral pairs were harvested from adult cat cadavers. For each bending and torsional experiment, there were five groups (n = 8 pairs) of increasing craniocaudal screw-hole defects (intact, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.7mm). Mid-diaphyseal bicortical defects were created with an appropriate pilot drill-hole and tapped accordingly. Left and right femora of each pair were randomly assigned to a destructive loading protocol at low (10 mm/min; 0.5 degrees/s) or high rates (3,000 mm/min; 90 degrees/s) respectively. Stiffness, load/torque-to-failure, energy-to-failure and fracture morphology were recorded.Results Defect size to bone diameter ratio was significantly different between defect groups within bending and torsional experiments respectively (intact [0%; 0%], 1.5 mm [17.8%; 17.1%], 2.0 mm [22.8%; 23.5%], 2.4 mm [27.8%; 27.6%], 2.7 mm [31.1%; 32.4%]) (p < 0.001). No significant differences in stiffness and load/torque-to-failure were noted with increasing deficit sizes in all loading conditions. Screw-hole (2.7 mm) defects up to 33% bone diameter had a maximum of 20% reduction in bending and torsional strength compared with intact bone at both loading rates. Stiffness and load/torque-to-failure in both bending and torsion were increased in bones subjected to higher loading rates (p < 0.001).Conclusion Screw-hole defects up to 2.7 mm did not significantly reduce feline bone failure properties in this ex vivo femoral study. These findings support current screw-size selection guidelines of up to 33% bone diameter as appropriate for use in feline fracture osteosynthesis.
Consistent solution of Einstein–Cartan equations with torsion outside matter
Authors: Morawetz Klaus 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Einstein–Cartan equations in first-order action of torsion are considered. From Belinfante–Rosenfeld equation special consistence conditions are derived for the torsion parameters relating them to the metric. Inside matter the torsion is given by the spin which leads to an extended Oppenhaimer–Volkov equation. Outside matter a second solution is found besides the torsion-free Schwarzschild one with the torsion completely determined by the metric and vice versa. This solution is shown to be of non-spherical origin and its uniqueness with respect to the consistence is demonstrated. Unusual properties are discussed in different coordinate systems where the cosmological constant assumes the role of the Friedman parameter in Friedman–Lamaître–Robertson–Walker cosmoses. Parameters are specified where wormholes are possible. Transformations are presented to explore and map regions of expanding and contracting universes to the form of static metrics. The autoparallel equations are solved exactly and compared with geodesic motion. The Weyl tensor reveals that the here found solution is of Petrov-D type.
Simplified approach to estimation of organ absorbed doses for patients undergoing abdomen and pelvis CT examination
Authors: Sookpeng S , Martin C J , López-González M R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The volumetric computed tomography (CT) dose index (CTDIvol) is the measure of output displayed on CT consoles relating to dose within a standard phantom. This gives a false impression of doses levels within the tissues of smaller patients in Southeast Asia. A size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) can be calculated from the CTDIvol to provide an assessment of doses at specific positions within a scan using size-specific conversion factors. SSDE is derived using the water equivalent diameter (D
w) of the patient, but calculation of D
w requires sophisticated computer software. This study aimed to evaluate relationships between D
W and effective diameter (D
Eff), which can be measured more readily, in order to estimate SSDE at various positions within a routine clinical abdomen and pelvis CT examination for Thai patients. An in-house ImageJ algorithm was developed to measure D
w, effective diameter (D
Eff), and SSDE on CT slices located at the heart, liver, kidneys, colon, and bladder, on 181 CT examinations of abdomen and pelvis. Relationships between D
Eff and D
w were determined, and values of organ absorbed dose using D
Eff were estimated. This approach was validated using a second cohort of 54 patients scanned on a different CT scanner. The results revealed that ratios between D
Eff and D
w at the heart level were 1.11–1.13 and those for the others were about 1.00. Additionally, the SSDE/CTDIvol ratio was estimated for each organ in terms of exponential functions using the relationships between D
w and D
Eff for individual organs. In summary, this study proposed a simple method for estimation of organ absorbed doses for Southeast Asian patients undergoing abdomen and pelvis CT examinations where sophisticated computer software is not available.