bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Haloes to Galaxies. III. The Gas Cycle of Local Galaxy Populations
Authors: Dou Jing , Peng Yingjie , Renzini Alvio , Ho Luis C. , Mannucci Filippo , Daddi Emanuele , Gao Yu , Maiolino Roberto , Zhang Chengpeng , Gu Qiusheng , Li Di , Lilly Simon J. , Pan Zhizheng , Yuan Feng , Zheng Xianzhong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In Dou et al., we introduced the fundamental formation relation (FFR), a tight relation between specific star formation rate (sSFR), H2 star formation efficiency (SFE

H

2

), and the ratio of H2 to stellar mass. Here, we show that atomic gas H ɪ does not follow a similar FFR as H2. The relation between SFEHɪ and sSFR shows significant scatter and strong systematic dependence on all of the key galaxy properties that we have explored. The dramatic difference between H ɪ and H2 indicates that different processes (e.g., quenching by different mechanisms) may have very different effects on H ɪ in different galaxies and hence produce different SFEHɪ–sSFR relations, while the SFE

H

2

–sSFR relation remains unaffected. The fact that the SFE

H

2

–sSFR relation is independent of other key galaxy properties, and that sSFR is directly related to the cosmic time and acts as the cosmic clock, make it natural and very simple to study how different galaxy populations (with different properties and undergoing different processes) evolve on the same SFE

H

2

–sSFR ∼ t relation. In the gas regulator model (GRM), the evolution of a galaxy on the SFE

H

2

–sSFR(t) relation is uniquely set by a single mass-loading parameter

λ

net
,

H

2

. This simplicity allows us to accurately derive the H2 supply and removal rates of the local galaxy populations with different stellar masses, from star-forming galaxies to the galaxies in the process of being quenched. This combination of FFR and GRM, together with the stellar metallicity requirement, provide a new powerful tool to study galaxy formation and evolution.
Characterizing the Multiphase Origin of [C ii] Emission in M101 and NGC 6946 with Velocity-resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Tarantino Elizabeth , Bolatto Alberto D. , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Harris Andrew I. , Wolfire Mark , Buchbender Christof , Croxall Kevin V. , Dale Daniel A. , Groves Brent , Levy Rebecca C. , Riquelme Denise , Smith J.-D T. , Stutzki Jürgen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The [C ii] fine-structure transition at 158 μm is frequently the brightest far-infrared line in galaxies. Due to its low ionization potential, C+ can trace the ionized, atomic, and molecular phases of the ISM. We present velocity-resolved [C ii] and [N ii] pointed observations from SOFIA/GREAT on ∼500 pc scales in the nearby galaxies M101 and NGC 6946 and investigate the multiphase origin of [C ii] emission over a range of environments. We show that ionized gas makes a negligible contribution to the [C ii] emission in these positions using [N ii] observations. We spectrally decompose the [C ii] emission into components associated with the molecular and atomic phases using existing CO (2–1) and H i data and show that a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 10–15 is necessary for a reliable decomposition. In general, we find that in our pointings ≳50% of the [C ii] emission arises from the atomic phase, with no strong dependence on star formation rate, metallicity, or galactocentric radius. We do find a difference between pointings in these two galaxies, where locations in NGC 6946 tend to have larger fractions of [C ii] emission associated with the molecular phase than in M101. We also find a weak but consistent trend for fainter [C ii] emission to exhibit a larger contribution from the atomic medium. We compute the thermal pressure of the cold neutral medium through the [C ii] cooling function and find

log
(

P

th

/

k
)
=
3.8
–
4.6

[
K

cm

−
3

]

, a value slightly higher than similar determinations, likely because our observations are biased toward star-forming regions.
Orbital Migration and Circularization of Tidal Debris by Alfvén-wave Drag: Circumstellar Debris and Pollution around White Dwarfs
Authors: Zhang 张 Yun 韵 , Liu 刘 Shang-Fei 尚飞 , Lin 林 Douglas N. C. 潮 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A significant fraction of white dwarfs (WDs) exhibit signs of ongoing accretion of refractory elements at rates ∼103–107 kg s−1, among which, 37 WDs were detected to harbor dusty debris disks. Such a concurrence requires not only fertile reservoirs of planetary material but also a high duty cycle of metal delivery. It has been commonly suggested that this material could be supplied by solar system analogs of Main Belt asteroids or Kuiper Belt objects. Here we consider the primary progenitors of WD pollutants as a population of residual high-eccentricity planetesimals, devolatilized during the stellar giant phases. Equivalent to the solar system’s long-period comets, they are scattered to the proximity of WDs by perturbations from remaining planets, Galactic tides, passing molecular clouds, and nearby stars. These objects undergo downsizing when they venture within the tidal disruption limit. We show quantitatively how the breakup condition and fragment sizes are determined by material strength and gravity. Thereafter, the fragments’ semimajor axes need to decay by at least ∼6 orders of magnitude before their constituents are eventually accreted onto the surface of WDs. We investigate the orbital evolution of these fragments around WDs and show that WDs’ magnetic fields induce an Alfvén-wave drag during their periastron passages and rapidly circularize their orbits. This process could be responsible for the observed accretion rates of heavy elements and the generation of circum-WD debris disks. Speculative implications are that giant planets may be common around WDs’ progenitors and that they may still be bound to some WDs today.
Photoevaporation of Grain-depleted Protoplanetary Disks around Intermediate-mass Stars: Investigating the Possibility of Gas-rich Debris Disks as Protoplanetary Remnants
Authors: Nakatani Riouhei , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Kuiper Rolf , Nomura Hideko , Aikawa Yuri 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Debris disks are classically considered to be gas-less systems, but recent (sub)millimeter observations have detected tens of those with rich gas content. The origin of the gas component remains unclear, but it could be protoplanetary remnants and/or secondary products from large bodies. In order to be protoplanetary in origin, the gas component of the parental protoplanetary disk is required to survive for

≳
10

Myr

. However, previous models predict

≲
10

Myr

lifetimes because of efficient photoevaporation at the late stage of disk evolution. We investigate photoevaporation of gas-rich, optically-thin disks around intermediate-mass stars at a late stage of the disk evolution. The evolved system is modeled like those devoid of small grains (

≲
4

μ
m

). We find that grain depletion reduces photoelectric heating so that far-ultraviolet photoevaporation is not excited. Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) photoevaporation is dominant and yields a mass-loss rate of the order of

1
×

10

−
11

(

Φ

EUV

/

10

38

s

−
1

)

1

/

2

M

⊙

yr

−
1

, where

Φ

EUV

is the EUV emission rate of the host star. The estimated gas–disk lifetimes are

∼
100

(

M

disk

/

10

−
3

M

⊙

)
(

Φ

EUV

/

10

38

s

−
1

)

1

/

2

Myr

and depend on the “initial” disk mass at the point small grains have been depleted in the system. We show that the gas component can survive for a much longer time around A-type stars than lower-mass (F-, G-, K-type) stars owing to their atypical low EUV (and X-ray) luminosities. This trend is consistent with the higher frequency of gas-rich debris disks around A-type stars, implying the possibility of the gas component being protoplanetary remnants.
À l’origine des milices de couleur : mobilité sociale et ségrégation dans les villes de l’empire espagnol
Authors: Bonnefoy Baptiste 
Published: July 2021

Dès la fin du xvi e siècle, les villes coloniales espagnoles étaient structurées par deux rapports hiérarchiques : le premier opposait les hommes libres aux esclaves et le second distinguait les Blancs des gens de couleur. Malgré cette centralité de la couleur, la séparation entre des milices de Blancs et des milices de couleur ne fut jamais automatique ou évidente. Cet article vise à restituer la genèse des compagnies de couleur de l’Amérique espagnole afin de mettre en rapport deux dynamiques qui émergent au tournant des xvi e et xvii e siècles : la formation d’élites de couleur et le rôle croissant des lexiques de la couleur dans les manières de dire les hiérarchies sociales.
Intégration des infirmières praticiennes en soins de santé primaires : repenser la négociation de dynamiques complexes
Authors: Rioux-Dubois Annie , Perron Amélie 
Published: July 2021

L’intégration des infirmières praticiennes en soins de santé primaires est hautement complexe mais peu étudiée au regard de changements socioprofessionnels plus larges dans le système de santé. Objectif : le but de cette étude était d’examiner l’intégration et la négociation du rôle des infirmières praticiennes en contexte interprofessionnel dans divers modèles de soins de santé primaires. Méthode : une ethnographie multisite critique, combinant la théorie de l’acteur-réseau et les concepts foucaldiens de discours et pouvoir, a été menée au sein de trois différents modèles de soins dans lesquels des entrevues semi-dirigées (n=23 infirmières praticiennes), de l’observation directe et de l’analyse documentaire ont été réalisées. Résultats : les finalités organisationnelles, les normes de pratique, le droit des infirmières praticiennes à l’autodétermination, les dynamiques de collaboration avec les médecins, ainsi que la prise en charge des patients ont été identifiés comme des facteurs d’intégration produisant davantage d’instabilités, de négociations et de contrecoups professionnels, identitaires et moraux chez ces professionnelles. Discussion : ces résultats remettent en question la perception répandue d’un manque de clarté du rôle des infirmières praticiennes et permettent une compréhension renouvelée de leur intégration en soins de santé primaires.
Une revue intégrative de l’identité populaire de l’infirmière durant la pandémie de la COVID-19
Authors: Bernard Laurence , Bévillard-Charrière Quentin , Taha Samy , Holmes Dave 
Published: July 2021

Contexte : le contexte actuel lié à la COVID-19 place les infirmières au cœur de la pandémie car elles assurent un rôle essentiel auprès de la population. Toutefois, les discours médiatiques et professionnels influencent l’identité et la pratique clinique des infirmières. Objectif : recenser et analyser les écrits traitant de la construction d’une identité populaire de l’infirmière et de ses rôles en temps de pandémie liée à la COVID-19. Méthode : les sources de données Eurêka, Google News, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Sociological Abstracts, Cumulative Index to Nursing Information and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE et Social Sciences Abstracts ont été consultées. Des recherches manuelles sur les sites gouvernementaux et professionnels ont été ajoutées. Résultats : sur un total de 281 écrits répertoriés, 73 ont été retenus. L’analyse des écrits a permis de dégager les thèmes suivants : les images identitaires des infirmières durant cette pandémie et leurs rôles professionnels. Les discours autant médiatiques que politiques sont parfois paradoxaux. Ces derniers semblent influencer la pratique clinique infirmière qui se voit attribuer de nouveaux rôles. Conclusion : cet article permet de sensibiliser les décideurs aux rôles multiples des infirmières et à l’image qu’a le public de ces dernières en temps de pandémie, et de porter un regard critique sur les discours populaires en lien avec l’identité infirmière et sa modulation en temps de pandémie.
Ascension et déclin d’un notable sportif investi dans l’arène de la voile brestoise. De la fin des années 1950 au début des années 1970
Authors: Lafabrègue Claude 
Published: July 2021

Cette étude s’inscrit à rebours des travaux faisant de la détention d’un mandat politique l’unique voie d’accès à la notabilité. Elle suppose, au contraire, que l’exercice d’une responsabilité de dirigeant sportif offre des opportunités pour acquérir un pouvoir notabiliaire. Cette hypothèse a été testée sur le cas particulier d’un dirigeant ayant exercé ses fonctions dans le monde de la voile entre 1958 et 1974. Reposant sur l’analyse de la presse locale, la consultation de dossiers d’archives et la réalisation d’entretiens, cette étude a permis de repérer les conditions qui ont fini par lui faire défaut pour se maintenir dans une position de notable : le caractère incontournable que revêtent pour les pouvoirs publics locaux les associations qu’il dirige, le cumul des mandats associatifs, le soutien du public, la prise en compte des intérêts de ses partenaires publics et la relation de confiance qui en découle.
Plasma Fibrinogen
Authors: Kumar M. S. Vinod , Tiwari Mannu Kumar , Singh Jasdeep , Malik Anil 
Published: July 2021

Aims:
Appendicitis, in spite of all the diagnostic advances, achieving an accurate and timely diagnosis of this common condition in children remains a challenge. Plasma fibrinogen (FB) is an acute inflammatory mediator and has been proposed and evaluated as an adjunct laboratory marker for improving diagnostic accuracy. The study evaluates the plasma values of Se FB along with other serum markers in pediatric appendicitis patients, to determine their diagnostic accuracy.

Methods:
Prospective observational study on 120 patients between the age group of 5 and 12 years. All eligible enrolled cases underwent total leukocyte count (TLC), plasma FB, C reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate on admission along with pediatric appendicitis score. Final confirmation of diagnosis and allotment of cohort was made by intra operative findings and histopathological confirmation. Two groups were defined: (1) Histopathologically confirmed acute appendicitis-Cases (2) Nonspecific abdominal pain-Controls. Laboratory results were statistically analyzed between the case and the control groups for diagnostic accuracy.

Results:
Study reflected strong statistical significance in terms of leukocyte count, ANC, NLR, CRP, and FB levels. However, plasma FB (value above 4.02 g/L) had the highest diagnostic accuracy rate of 82.50% compared to other laboratory values (TLC-70.83%, CRP-70.00%).

Conclusion:
Plasma FB has emerged as an accurate diagnostic tool and its diagnostic accuracy is superior to all other laboratory parameter studied (TLC, CRP, NLR, and ANC). Plasma FB values above 4.02 g/L is an independent predictor of appendicitis and can help in reducing negative laparotomy in pediatric age group.
Percutaneous Cystolithotomy in Augmented Bladders
Authors: Chatterjee Uday Sankar , Chatterjee Indranil 
Published: July 2021

Aims:
Incidence and recurrence of bladder stone in augmented exstrophy bladder rate is high. So, recurrent open cystolithotomy is not a preferred procedure; particularly through scarred tissues, consequence of previous surgeries. Percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL) is an old but standard procedure for retrieval of bladder stones in adults. We extrapolated PCCL for bladder stone in augmented bladders in children.

Patients and Methods:
In three patients, we made suprapubic (SP) needle track with initial puncture (IP) needle under cystoscopic guidance. Following that laparoscopic cannula was placed through dilated SP track that was crafted with Alken’s dilators and bladder stones were removed with grasper.

Results:
On cystoscopy, we also observed the patches of skin tissues in native bladders. Continence and bladder capacity were not affected following PCCL.

Conclusion:
PCCL in augmented bladder showed good outcome. High recurrence of bladder stone is possibly due to presence of keratin in dermal tissue; invaded mucosa in open bladder plate. It seems shaving or fulguration of those dermal elements during bladder reconstruction might decrease incidence of stone formation. However, we haven't attempted fulguration during PCCL.
Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine for the Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Bohicon and Kandi, Republic of Benin, 2018–2019
Authors: Kpemasse Augustin , Dagnon Fortune , Saliou Ramani , Yarou Maye Alexis Sacca , Affoukou Cyriaque Dossou , Zoulkaneri Alassane , Guézo-Mévo Blaise , Moriarty Leah F. , Ndiaye Yaye D. , Garba Mamane Nassirou , Deme Awa Bineta , Ndiaye Daouda , Hounto Aurore Ogouyemi 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
In 2005, artemether-lumefantrine (AL), an artemisinin-based combination therapy, was introduced as the first-line treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Benin. Per World Health Organization recommendations to monitor the efficacy of antimalarial treatment, we conducted a therapeutic efficacy study with AL for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Bohicon and Kandi, Benin, from 2018 to 2019. Febrile patients aged 6 to 59 months with confirmed P. falciparum monoinfection received supervised doses of AL for 3 days. We monitored patients clinically and parasitologically on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. A molecular analysis to detect mutations in the P. falciparum Kelch propeller gene (Pfk13) gene was carried out on day 0 samples. A total of 205 patients were included in the study. In Bohicon, the uncorrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) proportion was 91.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84.6–95.8%), whereas in Kandi this proportion was 96.7% (95% CI: 90.6–99.3%). Genotype-corrected ACPR proportions were 96.3% (95% CI: 90.9–99.0%) and 96.7% (95% CI: 90.6–99.3%) in Bohicon and Kandi, respectively. On day 3, 100% of patients in Bohicon and 98.9% of patients in Kandi had undetectable parasitemia. The C580Y mutation in the Pfk13 gene was not observed. AL remains effective for P. falciparum malaria in these two sites in Benin. Monitoring antimalarial efficacy and prevalence of molecular-resistance markers in Benin should be continued to allow for early detection of antimalarial resistance and to guide treatment policies.
Precision of Serologic Testing from Dried Blood Spots Using a Multiplex Bead Assay
Authors: Gwyn Sarah , Aragie Solomon , Wittberg Dionna M. , Melo Jason S. , Dagnew Adane , Hailu Dagnachew , Tadesse Zerihun , Haile Mahteme , Zeru Taye , Nash Scott D. , Arnold Benjamin F. , Martin Diana L. , Keenan Jeremy D. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Multiplex bead assays (MBAs) for serologic testing have become more prevalent in public health surveys, but few studies have assessed their test performance. As part of a trachoma study conducted in a rural part of Ethiopia in 2016, dried blood spots (DBS) were collected from a random sample of 393 children aged 0 to 9 years, with at least two separate 6-mm DBS collected on a filter card. Samples eluted from DBS were processed using an MBA on the Luminex platform for antibodies against 13 antigens of nine infectious organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis, Vibrio cholera, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, Camplyobacter jejuni, Salmonella typhimurium Group B, Salmonella enteritidis Group D, and Giardia lamblia. Two separate DBS from each child were processed. The first DBS was run a single time, with the MBA set to read 100 beads per well. The second DBS was run twice, first at 100 beads per well and then at 50 beads per well. Results were expressed as the median fluorescence intensity minus background (MFI–BG), and classified as seropositive or seronegative according to external standards. Agreement between the three runs was high, with intraclass correlation coefficients of > 0.85 for the two Salmonella antibody responses and > 0.95 for the other 11 antibody responses. Agreement was also high for the dichotomous seropositivity indicators, with Cohen’s kappa statistics exceeding 0.87 for each antibody assay. These results suggest that serologic testing on the Luminex platform had strong test performance characteristics for analyzing antibodies using DBS.
Case Report: Evidence of Tungiasis in the Amazon Rain Forest of Ecuador
Authors: Calvopiña Manuel , Bezemer Jacob 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Tungiasis occurs in tropical and subtropical areas in Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa and is a Neglected Tropical Disease. We diagnosed three cases of tungiasis in a Dutch family visiting indigenous communities in the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Eight days after returning, they presented papular, pruritic, and painful lesions on the feet, with a whitish halo and a blackish central point with abundant whitish eggs upon extraction. For the first time, we demonstrate that Tunga spp. transmission is present in remote indigenous communities in the Amazon rainforest of Ecuador. It will be important to investigate the occurrence of tungiasis and associated morbidity among local inhabitants and consider prevention measures among locals and travelers to these areas.
TEKNOLOGI DAN COVID: TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Tafano Talizaro , Saputra Sion 
Published: July 2021

Artikel ini menyelidiki sejauh mana pemanfaatan teknologi sebagai peluang dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran di masa pandemi. Atikel ini berangkat dari pengamatan penulis terhadap kondisi pembelajaran saat ini, di mana pandemi Covid-19 memaksa lembaga pendidikan di Indonesia harus melakukan pembelejaran secara online. Perkembangan teknologi menjadi sarana penting yang sangat membantu agar proses belajar mengajar tetap dilaksanakan. Tetapi di balik semua ini terdapat sejumlah tantangan terkait dengan penguasaan dan pemanfaatan terhadap teknologi sebagaimana penjelasan dalam artikel ini. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini bahwa melaksanakan pembelajaran daring di masa pendemi merupakan peluang bagi para pendidik dalam meningkatkan kompetensi diri sebagai pendidik yang profesional. Metode yang gunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian pustaka. Proses analisis menggunakan sumber-sumber kepustakaan yang kredibel. Hasil dari kajian ini menemukan bahwa adanya keterbatasan fasilitas dan pengetahuan serta keterbatasan jarak jauh, tetapi tantangan ini dapat diatasi dengan peluang yakni meningkatkan pengetahuan dan menciptakan pembelajaran yang kreatif, inovatif dan informatif.
AFETOS E ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENFRENTAMENTO EM TEMPO DE CORONAVÍRUS: UM ESTUDO QUALITATIVO
Authors: Hirschle Ana Lucia Teixeira , Campos Luís Antônio Monteiro , Silva Cristiane Moreira da , Castro Elis Crokidakis , Paiva Scheila Farias de , Silva Kelly Dayanne Oliveira 
Published: July 2021

Este estudo objetivou levantar as estratégias de enfrentamento para lidar com isolamento social durante a pandemia do COVID-19. A disseminação do vírus Covid-19 transformou-se em pandemia ao se espalhar pelo mundo, levando a restrições de mobilidade de bilhões de pessoas que passaram a enfrentar graus variados de confinamento. Essa situação tem levado a emoções extremas de medo, tristeza e sentimentos de ansiedade, com impactos na saúde psicológica das pessoas. Pesquisas têm mostrado que a habilidade para regular adequadamente as próprias emoções é muito importante para a saúde mental, física e relações sociais, sendo relevante estudar como as pessoas lidam com suas emoções frente a situações estressoras, tal como o contexto atual do isolamento na pandemia. Foi aplicado questionário, por meio eletrônico, a 463 participantes de todo Brasil com idade superior a 18 anos. A análise dos dados foi qualitativa, com base nas respostas a um item aberto que interrogava acerca das estratégias de enfrentamento para lidar com isolamento social. Os resultados evidenciaram o uso de estratégias variadas a fim de minimizar o estresse e ampliar o bem-estar. Destacou-se a reavaliação cognitiva, a busca de suporte social e a distração.