bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesogenic diets induce anxiety in rodents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Clark Thomas D. , Crean Angela J. , Senior Alistair M. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryObesity and mood disorders have been linked in a positive feedback loop. However, due to the bidirectional relationship between obesity and mental health, it is not clear whether anxiety is correlated with or caused by consumption of obesogenic diets. Here, we present a meta‐analysis on the effects of dietary manipulation on rodent behavior in the elevated plus maze and open field test, the most common tests of anxiety‐like behavior in animal models. The main dataset examined effects of obesogenic diets on time spent in the open and movement around the mazes. Auxiliary datasets examined effects of caloric restriction and protein restriction. Obesogenic diets had a negative effect on the time spent in the open overall. Effects were stronger in males than females. No effect of diet on locomotion was found, indicating that increases in anxiety‐like behavior are not due to altered activity levels. No consistent effect of caloric restriction was observed, whereas protein restriction was associated with an increase in the time spent in the open. We show that obesogenic diets have a causative effect on anxiety‐like behaviors in rodents, and not via a change in activity. Further studies are required to determine why obesogenic diets induce these behavioral changes.
Chest trauma in children—what an anesthesiologist should know
Authors: Bird Ruth , Braunold Daniel , Matava Clyde T 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInjury is the leading cause of death in children, with chest trauma accounting for 25% of this mortality. In addition, these patients often present with multiple system injuries, which require simultaneous management. These concurrent injuries can lead to challenges when prioritizing tasks in the resuscitation room and during anesthetic management. In addition, changes from spontaneous ventilation to positive pressure ventilation can impact lung physiology. Therefore, a clear communication plan with careful monitoring and vigilance is needed for intubation and ventilation in these children. These injuries also require specific strategies to prevent barotrauma which could lead to complications such as respiratory failure, pneumonia, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This educational review aims to guide clinicians managing pediatric chest trauma through some of the critical decision‐making regarding intubation, ventilation, and subsequent management of injuries.
Differences in birthweight by maternal and paternal nativity status in Canada
Authors: Behlim Tarannum , Basso Olga , Bushnik Tracey , Kramer Michael S. , Kaufman Jay S. , Yang Seungmi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundParental nativity, as well as duration of residence of foreign‐born parents in the host country, has been shown to be associated with size at birth. However, most studies have focused on maternal nativity status only and have not accounted for important characteristics of both parents.ObjectiveTo explore whether maternal and paternal nativity and length of residence (LOR) are independently associated with birthweight for gestational age in a representative sample of infants in Canada.MethodsWe compared mean differences in sex‐ and gestational age‐standardised birthweight z‐score by nativity status of both parents in a nationally representative sample of 130,532 singleton infants born between May 2004 and May 2006 to mothers residing in Canada. We categorised parental nativity status into four groups (both parents Canada‐born, mother only foreign‐born, father only foreign‐born and both parents foreign‐born) and parents’ LOR into three (both ≤10 years, only one parent ≤10 years and both >10 years). We estimated mean differences in birthweight z‐score and their 95% confidence intervals in linear regression models adjusted for parity, parents’ ages, education, ethnicity and marital status of the mother.ResultsCompared with babies of Canada‐born couples, those of two foreign‐born parents had on average smaller birthweight z‐score, −0.23 (95% CI −0.28, −0.25). However, after adjustment, the mean difference in z‐score was −0.02 (95% CI −0.05, 0.00). Infants born to parents who had both resided in Canada for ≤10 years had a unadjusted mean difference in z‐score of −0.27 (95% CI −0.29, −0.26), compared infants whose parents were both Canada‐born, but the difference became negligible (−0.02, 95% CI −0.04, 0.01) after adjustment.ConclusionThe birthweight differences by parental nativity or length of residence observed in our study population could be attributed to differences in the distribution of other parental characteristics that affect birthweight.
Evaluative image 2.0: A web mapping approach to capture people’s perceptions of a city
Authors: Barros Matheus Siqueira , Degbelo Auriol , Filomena Gabriele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEvaluative images can help urban planners understand the way citizens perceive their cities. In the seminal article by Jack Nasar, evaluative images were created by means of face‐to‐face interviews. The present article proposes, implements and evaluates a complementary approach to create evaluative images of cities, namely through web mapping. The approach was implemented in an open‐source system called eImage. A user study with 59 participants was conducted in Lisbon, Portugal, to test eImage for usability and usefulness. The study revealed that eImage can help different groups of society quickly voice their opinions on places in their cities that they like/dislike, and that a face‐to‐face data‐collection setting (as opposed to an online one) has a positive influence on the data‐collection workflow. The lessons learned in this study may be useful to planners interested in generating composite pictures of how citizens perceive their cities.
Predicted climate conditions and cover crop composition modify weed communities in semiarid agroecosystems
Authors: DuPre Mary E. , Seipel Tim , Bourgault Maryse , Boss Darin L. , Menalled Fabian D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe US Northern Great Plains is one of the largest expanses of small grain agriculture, but excessive reliance on off‐farms inputs and predicted warmer and drier conditions hinder its agricultural sustainability. In this region, the use of cover crops represents a promising approach to increase biodiversity and reduce external inputs; however little information exists about how cover crop mixture composition, predicted climate and management systems could impact the performance of cover crops and weed communities. In the 4th cycle of a cover crop‐wheat rotation, we experimentally increased temperature and reduced moisture as expected to occur with climate change, and assessed impacts on the presence and composition of cover crop mixtures and termination methods on weed communities. Under ambient climate conditions, mean total cover crop biomass was 43%–53% greater in a five species early‐season cover crop mixture compared with a seven species mid‐season mixture, and differences were less pronounced in warmer and drier conditions (19%–24%). We observed a total of 18 weed species; 13 occurring in the early‐season mixture, 13 in the mid‐season mixtures and 14 in the fallow treatments. Weed species richness and diversity was lower in warmer and drier treatments, and we observed a shift in weed communities due to the presence and composition of cover crop mixtures as well as climate manipulations. Overall, results suggest that adoption of cover crop mixtures in semiarid agroecosystems requires jointly addressing weed management and soil moisture retention goals, a challenge further complicated by predicted climate conditions.
Methods to assess ambivalence toward food and diet: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Neto Daisuke Hayashi , Carvalho Samantha D.L. , Ribeiro Paula A.B. , Lavoie Kim L. , Bacon Simon L. , Cornélio Marilia E. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to identify and understand the different tools and methods used in studies in the field of human eating behavior to assess, measure, or classify participants’ ambivalence toward food and diet, as well as to identify which tools and methods are most frequently employed.

Introduction:
People's attitudes toward food and eating behaviors are often ambivalent (simultaneously positive and negative), making it harder to change eating behaviors in favor of a healthier diet. This highlights the importance of resolving diet-related ambivalence. Identifying and understanding the different methods used in the literature to assess attitudinal ambivalence toward food and diet will provide researchers with a range of options to choose from for future studies.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include peer-reviewed studies as well as preprints that assess the ambivalence of human participants toward food and diet, regardless of sex, age, or other sociodemographic factors. We will exclude studies in which the methods used to assess ambivalence are not detailed or cannot be reproduced, as well as studies that assess the ambivalence of participants toward farming and agricultural methods or toward methods of food production and preparation.

Methods:
This review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Peer-reviewed studies will be retrieved from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Food Science Source, FSTA, and CINAHL, while preprints will be retrieved from PsyArXiv and MedArXiv. Two independent reviewers will screen the articles. All relevant extracted information will be presented as tables and a descriptive summary of the findings.
A Comprehensive Comparative Investigation of the Lifting Line Theory and Blade Element Momentum Theory Applied to Small Wind Turbines
Authors: Ismail Kamal A. R. , Okita Willian Minoru 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Small wind turbines (WTs) are adequate for electricity generation in isolated areas to promote local expansion of commercial activities and social inclusion. Blade element momentum (BEM) method is usually used for performance prediction, but it generally produces overestimated predictions since the wake effects are not precisely accounted for. Lifting line theory (LLT) can represent the blade and wake effects more precisely. In the present investigation, the two methods are analyzed and their predictions of the aerodynamic performance of small WTs are compared. Conducted simulations showed a computational time of about 149.32 s for the Gottingen GO 398 based rotor simulated by the BEM and 1007.7 s for simulation by the LLT. The analysis of the power coefficient showed a maximum difference between the predictions of the two methods of about 4.4% in the case of Gottingen GO 398 airfoil-based rotor and 6.3% for simulations of the Joukowski J 0021 airfoil. In the case of the annual energy production, a difference of 2.35% is found between the predictions of the two methods. The effects of the blade geometrical variants such as twist angle and chord distributions increase the numerical deviations between the two methods due to the big number of iterations in the case of LLT. The cases analyzed showed deviations between 3.4% and 4.1%. As a whole, the results showed good performance of both methods; however, the LLT provides more precise results and more information on the local flow over the rotor blades.
Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Axially Crowned Rollers
Authors: Habchi W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive numerical study of thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance in axially crowned rollers, based on a full-system finite element approach. Axial crowning has always been introduced to finite line contacts, as a mean for improving film thickness. Its influence on friction has often been overlooked though. The current work reveals that axial crowning has a negative influence on friction, increasing it significantly with respect to the reference case of straight rollers. It is shown that, with increased crowning height (or reduced crowning radius), minimum film thickness is increased, but so is friction. Therefore, film thickness enhancement comes at the expense of a deterioration in friction. Besides, achieving sufficient enhancements in minimum film thickness would require using relatively low crowning radii, which would lead to a substantial increase in friction. The frictional increase is traced back to an overall increase in contact pressures and effective contact area within the lubricating conjunction. It is also shown that, when film thickness is the most critical design parameter, the best compromise between enhanced film thickness and deteriorated friction would be to combine axial crowning with roller-end profiling. However, when friction is the most critical design parameter, a simple roller-end profiling would offer the best compromise.
COVID-19 mortality in women and men in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dalal Jyoti , Triulzi Isotta , James Ananthu , Nguimbis Benedict , Dri Gabriela Guizzo , Venkatasubramanian Akarsh , Noubi Tchoupopnou Royd Lucie , Botero Mesa Sara , Somerville Claire , Turchetti Giuseppe , Stoll Beat , Abbate Jessica Lee , Mboussou Franck , Impouma Benido , Keiser Olivia , Coelho Flávio Codeço 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionSince sex-based biological and gender factors influence COVID-19 mortality, we wanted to investigate the difference in mortality rates between women and men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodWe included 69 580 cases of COVID-19, stratified by sex (men: n=43 071; women: n=26 509) and age (0–39 years: n=41 682; 40–59 years: n=20 757; 60+ years: n=7141), from 20 member nations of the WHO African region until 1 September 2020. We computed the SSA-specific and country-specific case fatality rates (CFRs) and sex-specific CFR differences across various age groups, using a Bayesian approach.ResultsA total of 1656 deaths (2.4% of total cases reported) were reported, with men accounting for 70.5% of total deaths. In SSA, women had a lower CFR than men (meanCFRdiff= −0.9%; 95% credible intervals (CIs) −1.1% to −0.6%). The mean CFR estimates increased with age, with the sex-specific CFR differences being significant among those aged 40 years or more (40–59 age group: meanCFRdiff= −0.7%; 95% CI −1.1% to −0.2%; 60+ years age group: meanCFRdiff= −3.9%; 95% CI −5.3% to −2.4%). At the country level, 7 of the 20 SSA countries reported significantly lower CFRs among women than men overall. Moreover, corresponding to the age-specific datasets, significantly lower CFRs in women than men were observed in the 60+ years age group in seven countries and 40–59 years age group in one country.ConclusionsSex and age are important predictors of COVID-19 mortality globally. Countries should prioritise the collection and use of sex-disaggregated data so as to design public health interventions and ensure that policies promote a gender-sensitive public health response.
Survey of workflow and cost implications of decommissioning regarding the Falsified Medicines Directive in Hungarian hospital pharmacies
Authors: Vajda Péter , Richter Katalin , Bodrogi Zsolt , Vida Robert G , Botz Lajos , Kovács Sándor , Zemplényi Antal , Bella Richárd , Fittler Andras 
Published: November 2021

Objectives, setting and participantsIn July 2011, the EU adopted the Falsified Medicines Directive (FMD) primarily aiming to prevent the infiltration of falsified medicines into the legitimate supply chain. Our aim was to measure the cost elements of FMD implementation and operation using an internationally adaptable tool among Hungarian hospital pharmacies.DesignA 41-item questionnaire was developed to evaluate the implementation process and associated cost consequences leading up to February 2019, and the stabilisation period.ResultsOur representative data are supported by the high response rate, as 44.8% of the Hungarian hospital pharmacies have completed the survey. Human resource requirements related to decommissioning activities were measured as working hours and were expressed in full time equivalent (FTE). We have found an increased workload with extra 0.25 pharmacist and 0.75 technician FTE/institution at the end of the stabilisation period. The entire infrastructural and IT implementation costs were determined as €2173, on average (SD: €3366) and the median was €1506 (range: €0–€20 723). The total IT investment cost per institution was valued at €1410 (SD: €335). We identified a positive correlation (R=0.663) in consideration of the costs, the number of beds and the number of hospital locations with a multivariate linear regression model. At the time of our survey, 76.7% of the respondents experienced drug shortages, 58.1% reported suspected increase in drug costs regarding serialised medications, and 53.5% noticed an increase in packaging size.ConclusionsNotably, our research is the first complex study depicting FMD cost implications in the hospital pharmacy sector in Central Europe, indicating decommissioning significantly impacted workflow referencing human resources and IT.
Frequencies and patterns of microbiology test requests from primary care in Oxfordshire, UK, 2008–2018: a retrospective cohort study of electronic health records to inform point-of-care testing
Authors: Ordóñez-Mena JM , Fanshawe Thomas R , Foster Dona , Andersson Monique , Oakley Sarah , Stoesser Nicole , Walker A. Sarah , Hayward Gail 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo inform point-of-care test (POCT) development, we quantified the primary care demand for laboratory microbiology tests by describing their frequencies overall, frequencies of positives, most common organisms identified, temporal trends in testing and patterns of cotesting on the same and subsequent dates.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPrimary care practices in Oxfordshire.Participants393 905 patients (65% female; 49% aged 18–49).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe frequencies of all microbiology tests requested between 2008 and 2018 were quantified. Patterns of cotesting were investigated with heat maps. All analyses were done overall, by sex and age categories.Results1 596 752 microbiology tests were requested. Urine culture±microscopy was the most common of all tests (n=673 612, 42%), was mainly requested without other tests and was the most common test requested in follow-up within 7 and 14 days. Of all urine cultures, 180 047 (27%) were positive and 172 651 (26%) showed mixed growth, andEscherichia coliwas the most prevalent organism (132 277, 73% of positive urine cultures). Antenatal urine cultures and blood tests in pregnancy (hepatitis B, HIV and syphilis) formed a common test combination, consistent with their use in antenatal screening.ConclusionsThe greatest burden of microbiology testing in primary care is attributable to urine culture ± microscopy; genital and routine antenatal urine and blood testing are also significant contributors. Further research should focus on the feasibility and impact of POCTs for these specimen types.
Assessment of the quality of routine ambulatory healthcare for common disorders in children and adolescents in Germany: study protocol for a retrospective medical record review (QualiPäd)
Authors: Tischlik Viktor , Mehl Claudia , Ewald Dominik , Heinzel-Gutenbrunner Monika , Geraedts Max , Bachmann Christian J 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionThe quality of healthcare in childhood and adolescence is of key importance, in order to foster a healthy development and to avoid chronic health problems. Yet, data for Germany regarding the quality of healthcare for this patient group are lacking. The QualiPäd research project aims to estimate the quality of outpatient healthcare for children and adolescents in Germany, focusing on common psychiatric and physical disorders.Methods and analysisQuality indicators for seven common physical and mental childhood and adolescent clinical conditions (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, asthma, atopic dermatitis, depression, otitis media, conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder, tonsillitis) will be developed and ratified by experts, using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.Initially, 1400 medical records of children and adolescents with one of the aforementioned clinical conditions will then be randomly drawn from 40 outpatient practices in the German federal state of Hessen. The records will then be assessed regarding their adherence to the respective quality indicators. Based on this, the percentage of appropriate and inappropriate (eg, wasteful) healthcare of all clinical conditions (primary endpoint) will be estimated. Additionally, possible factors influencing the quality of care (eg, patient characteristics, type of condition, type of practice) will be identified using generalised estimation equation models.Ethics and disseminationThis study will show for which of the studied clinical conditions and/or patients improvement of quality of care is necessary within the German health system. Also, the quality indicators designed for the study can afterwards be implemented in regular care and thus enable regular reporting of the outpatient care of this target group. The authors plan to disseminate their findings through international, peer-reviewed scientific publications, and through presentations at national and international paediatric and child psychiatric conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00022408.
Development of an intervention to support reproductive health of garment factory workers in Cambodia: a qualitative study
Authors: Smith Chris , Sokhey Ly , Tijamo Camille Florence Eder , McLaren Megan , Free Caroline , Watkins Justin , Amra Ou , Masuda Chisato , Oreglia Elisa 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the development of an intervention to support the reproductive health of garment factory workers in Cambodia.DesignA qualitative study informed by intervention mapping which included semistructured interviews and participant observation, followed by intervention development activities including specifying possible behaviour change, designing the intervention, and producing and refining intervention content.SettingThe research was conducted by a multidisciplinary team with backgrounds in public health, linguistics, digital cultures and service delivery in a suburb of Phnom Penh where many garment factories cluster.ParticipantsGarment factory workers in Cambodia; typically young women aged under 30 years who have migrated from rural areas to Phnom Penh city.OutcomesAnalysis of reproductive health issues facing garment factory workers and metrics of videos developed.ResultsOur research identified some challenges that Cambodian garment factory workers experience regarding contraception and abortion. Concerns or experience of side-effects were identified as an important determinant leading to non-use of effective contraception and subsequent unintended pregnancy. Financial constraints and a desire to space pregnancies were the main reported reasons to seek an abortion. Information about medical abortion given to women by private providers was often verbal, with packaging and the drug information leaflet withheld. In order to address limitations in the provision of accessible reproductive health information for factory workers, and given their observed widespread use of social media, we decided to make three ‘edutainment’ videos about family planning. Key social media metrics of the videos were evaluated after 1 month.ConclusionsWe describe the development of an intervention to support reproductive health among garment factory workers in Cambodia. These videos could be further improved and additional videos could be developed. More work is required to develop appropriate and effective interventions to support reproductive health of garment factory workers in Cambodia.