bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Strategy for Constructing Hierarchical Composite Electrodes of PPy‐Posttreated 3D‐Printed Carbon Aerogel with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance over 8000 mF cm–2
Authors: Yang Jianming , Cui Ningxin , Han Dongxiao , Shen Jun , Wu Guangming , Zhang Zhihua , Qin Lili , Zhou Bin , Du Ai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA well‐designed pore structure and optimized interface will improve specific capacitances of carbon‐based supercapacitor electrodes significantly. Herein, a simple strategy is used to prepare the hierarchically porous 3D‐printed carbon aerogel (CA) electrodes via combining direct ink writing, freezing drying, carbonization, and polypyrrole (PPy) posttreatment. The 3D‐printed CA electrodes without PPy present a quasi‐proportional increase in areal capacitance as thickness, achieving an extremely high areal capacitance of 6875 mF cm–2 under a thickness of 2.2 mm. Additionally, PPy posttreated 3D‐printed CA (PPy@CA) electrode has improved wettability and contact conductivity, which shows a further significant increase of areal capacitance to 8126 mF cm–2. After 10 000 continuous cycles, the PPy@CA electrode exhibits an excellent cyclic stability similar to that of 3D‐printed CA electrode by maintaining 91% of its original capacitance. This simple strategy may provide a novel insight to dramatically boost the energy storage properties of supercapacitor electrodes and their functionalization.
Electronic Structure of (Organic‐)Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites: The Dilemma of Choosing the Right Functional
Authors: Vona Cecilia , Nabok Dmitrii , Draxl Claudia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOrganic–inorganic metal halide perovskites (HaPs) are intensively studied for their light‐harvesting properties. Owing to the interplay between strong electron–electron interaction and spin‐orbit coupling (SOC), their quantitative theoretical description is still a challenge as evidenced by the wide variety of results available in literature. Here, various methodologies for computing their electronic structure are evaluated, also accounting for SOC. More specific, the approach as well as variants of the hybrid functionals PBE0 and HSE are at the center of the investigations. For both functionals, methods to determine the mixing parameter α are explored, and for HSE, the impact of the screening‐parameter ω is investigated. An extensive investigation of PbI2, a precursor of many HaPs, leads to the conclusion that hybrid functionals with α tuned by the density‐based mixing method are most suitable for obtaining band gaps comparable to results. Moreover, this methodology is transferable to CsPbI3, and the same behavior is expected for the entire family of lead–iodine perovskites.
Tuning Organic Semiconducting Binary Heterostructures Inherited by Template Nanostructures for Achieving High‐Performance Organic Transistors
Authors: Oh Seungtaek , Choi Giheon , Seo Jungyoon , Li Shuangying , Hwang Taehoon , Park Eunyoung , Lee Hwa Sung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe charge transport in organic semiconductors is unavoidably affected by morphological or crystalline structure resulting from the self‐organized polycrystalline characteristics. To obtain the desired molecular arrangement in the heterostructured active layer, where nanostructures are gradually formed by piecing individual parts together into the final structures, it is necessary to formulate a precise strategy for anisotropic formation via weak epitaxy growth (WEG) of the layer structures. This strategy includes the nanostructural control of the bottom‐templating layer through the inert character optimization of the supporting substrate surfaces. For these purposes, a copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) film grown on p‐sexiphenyl (p‐6P) as a bottom‐templating layer is prepared to induce WEG between them, and supporting substrates are controlled using various inert self‐assembled interlayers. The grain structures of the bottom‐templating p‐6P layer are dependent on the polar term of the surface energy in the variously modified supporting substrate, thereby inducing the activated WEG effect between the p‐6P and CuPc semicrystalline structures. This strategy significantly improved the device performances of CuPc transistors (by a factor of up to 14). This result has important implications for optimizing a heterostructured active layer induced by the WEG mechanism and provides a solution for improving the device performance of organic electronics.
Age‐related patterns of cytomegalovirus antibodies accompanying Epstein‐Barr virus co‐infection
Authors: Barrett Tyler M. , Liebert Melissa A. , Eick Geeta N. , Ridgeway‐Diaz Julia G. , Madimenos Felicia C. , Blackwell Aaron D. , Urlacher Samuel S. , Sugiyama Lawrence S. , Snodgrass J. Josh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with age‐related chronic disease, and co‐infection with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) may compound disease risk. We aimed to assess the frequency of CMV infection and its relationship with age among EBV seropositive individuals in an Indigenous Amazonian population.MethodsWe report concentrations of CMV and EBV antibodies in dried blood spot samples collected from 157 EBV positive Shuar participants aged 15–86 years (60.5% female) to assess CMV infection rate. We used logistic and linear regression models to examine associations among CMV, EBV, and age, adjusting for sex, geographic region, and body mass index.ResultsNearly two‐thirds (63.1%) of EBV seropositive participants were also CMV seropositive. A 1‐year increase in age was associated with 3.4% higher odds of CMV infection (OR [95% CI]: 1.034 [1.009–1.064], p = .012), but CMV antibody concentration was not significantly associated with age or EBV antibody concentration among co‐infected individuals.ConclusionsHerpesvirus‐related immunosenescence may be important to understanding chronic disease risk among Shuar. Future studies should further explore the role of co‐infection in shaping age‐related changes in immune function.
Tunable Continuous‐Variable Tripartite Entanglement via Cascaded Third‐Order Nonlinear Processes in a Ring Cavity
Authors: Wen Feng , Hui Sijia , Zhang Shaowei , Wu Zhenkun , Liu Zongchen , Zhu Tianfei , Lin Fang , Wang Wei , Zhang Yanpeng , Wang Hongxing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, a tunable continuous‐variable (CV) triple‐mode entanglement scheme generated by cascading a spontaneous parametric four‐wave and a sum‐frequency four‐wave mixing process is proposed. The entanglement feature of the triple‐mode is demonstrated by using a sufficient inseparability criterion. It is confirmed that the triple‐mode CV entanglement property, including the degree of violation of the sufficient inseparability criterion and the entanglement range in the frequency domain, can be modulated dynamically by modifying the nonlinear susceptibility and optical parameters. In particular, the intensity of the pumping field affects the modulation of the degree of entanglement, and the splitting of the entanglement spectrum comes from electromagnetically induced transparency. Although changing the relative detuning between the Stokes and anti‐Stokes fields can increase the entanglement degree of the triple‐mode, it results in the expansion of the entanglement range in frequency as well. Furthermore, although nonlinear susceptibility directly improves the degree of triple‐mode CV entanglement, optical detuning related nonlinear dispersion has an indirect effect as well. Such an optical triple‐mode CV entanglement with tunable properties can find applications in all‐optical quantum communication and pave the way for the generation and manipulation of multichannel quantum networks.
Osteomyelitis infection disguised as Reiter's syndrome in a child: A case report
Authors: Opara Nnennaya U. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis) should always prompt a thorough clinical investigation of a potentially more serious disease condition in every pediatric patient and adults. It should always be regarded as a warning sign and not a disease. This is a case of a 16‐year‐old African boy with osteomyelitis presenting with symptoms of reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome).
Detection of atrial fibrillation using variable length genetic algorithm and convolutional neural network
Authors: Al Qaraghuli Hawraa , Sheibani Reza , Tabatabaee Hamid 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia and it is considered as one of the most important risk factor for death, stroke, hospitalization, and heart failure. It is possible to detect AF by analyzing electrocardiogram (ECG) of patients. To work on clean signals and reduce errors resulted from noise, we have used Butterworth filter. The short‐term Fourier transform was used to analyze ECG segments to obtain ECG spectrogram images. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models have been proposed for improving automatic detection of AF. The number of convolutional layers varies in different CNN models, and as the model become deeper, more hyper parameters are added. So in this article, variable length genetic algorithm was used in order to optimize hyper parameters of CNN. The results of experiments that performed on the MIT‐BIH AF database showed that the proposed method achieved 100%, 98.90%, and 99.95% for the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, so the proposed method outperforms the deep CNNs. Hence, the proposed method is an accurate and efficient method for detection of AF.
Arthropod dark taxa provide new insights into diversity responses to bark beetle infestations
Authors: Kortmann Mareike , Roth Nicolas , Buse Jörn , Hilszczański Jacek , Jaworski Tomasz , Morinière Jérôme , Seidl Rupert , Thorn Simon , Müller Jörg C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNatural disturbances are increasing around the globe, also impacting protected areas. Although previous studies have indicated that natural disturbances result in mainly positive effects on biodiversity, these analyses mostly focused on a few well established taxonomic groups, and thus uncertainty remains regarding the comprehensive impact of natural disturbances on biodiversity. Using Malaise traps and meta‐barcoding, we studied a broad range of arthropod taxa, including dark and cryptic taxa, along a gradient of bark beetle disturbance severities in five European national parks. We identified order‐level community thresholds of disturbance severity and classified barcode index numbers (BINs; a cluster system for DNA sequences, where each cluster corresponds to a species) as negative or positive disturbance indicators. Negative indicator BINs decreased above thresholds of low to medium disturbance severity (20%–30% of trees killed), whereas positive indicator BINs benefited from high disturbance severity (76%–98%). BINs allocated to a species name contained nearly as many positive as negative disturbance indicators, but dark and cryptic taxa, particularly Diptera and Hymenoptera in our data, contained higher numbers of negative disturbance indicator BINs. Analyses of changes in the richness of BINs showed variable responses of arthropods to disturbance severity at lower taxonomic levels, whereas no significant signal was detected at the order level due to the compensatory responses of the underlying taxa. We conclude that the analyses of dark taxa can offer new insights into biodiversity responses to disturbances. Our results suggest considerable potential for forest management to foster arthropod diversity, for example by maintaining both closed‐canopy forests (>70% cover) and open forests (<30% cover) on the landscape.
An at‐home laboratory in plant biology designed to engage students in the process of science
Authors: Schnell Laura J. , Simpson Gavin L. , Suchan Danae M. , Quere William , Weger Harold G. , Davis Maria C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic prompted a transition to remote delivery of courses that lack immersive hands‐on research experiences for undergraduate science students, resulting in a scientific research skills gap. In this report, we present an option for an inclusive and authentic, hands‐on research experience that all students can perform off‐campus. Biology students in a semester‐long (13 weeks) sophomore plant physiology course participated in an at‐home laboratory designed to study the impacts of nitrogen addition on growth rates and root nodulation by wild nitrogen‐fixing Rhizobia in Pisum sativum (Pea) plants. This undergraduate research experience, piloted in the fall semester of 2020 in a class with 90 students, was created to help participants learn and practice scientific research skills during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Specifically, the learning outcomes associated with this at‐home research experience were: (1) generate a testable hypothesis, (2) design an experiment to test the hypothesis, (3) explain the importance of biological replication, (4) perform meaningful statistical analyses using R, and (5) compose a research paper to effectively communicate findings to a general biology audience. Students were provided with an at‐home laboratory kit containing the required materials and reagents, which were chosen to be accessible and affordable in case students were unable to access our laboratory kit. Students were guided through all aspects of research, including hypothesis generation, data collection, and data analysis, with video tutorials and live virtual sessions. This at‐home laboratory provided students an opportunity to practice hands‐on research with the flexibility to collect and analyze their own data in a remote setting during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This, or similar laboratories, could also be used as part of distance learning biology courses.
Sex‐specific bimodal clustering of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Henneges Carsten , Morbach Caroline , Sahiti Floran , Scholz Nina , Frantz Stefan , Ertl Georg , Angermann Christiane E. , Störk Stefan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThere is an ongoing discussion whether the categorization of patients with heart failure according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is scientifically justified and clinically relevant. Major efforts are directed towards the identification of appropriate cut‐off values to correctly allocate heart failure‐specific pharmacotherapy. Alternatively, an LVEF continuum without definite subgroups is discussed. This study aimed to evaluate the natural distribution of LVEF in patients presenting with acutely decompensated heart failure and to identify potential subgroups of LVEF in male and female patients.Methods and resultsWe identified 470 patients (mean age 75 ± 11 years, n = 137 female) hospitalized for acute heart failure in whom LVEF could be quantified by Simpson's method in an in‐hospital echocardiogram. Non‐parametric modelling revealed a bimodal shape of the LVEF distribution. Parametric modelling identified two clusters suggesting two LVEF peaks with mean (variance) of 61% (9%) and 31% (10%), respectively. Sub‐differentiation by sex revealed a sex‐specific bimodal clustering of LVEF. The respective threshold differentiating between ‘high’ and ‘low’ LVEF was 45% in men and 52% in women.ConclusionsIn patients presenting with acute heart failure, LVEF clustered in two subgroups and exhibited profound sex‐specific distributional differences. These findings might enrich the scientific process to identify distinct subgroups of heart failure patients, which might each benefit from respectively tailored (pharmaco)therapies.
Developmental and Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Chicken Embryos Exposed to p-Tert-Butylphenyl Diphenyl Phosphate and Isopropylphenyl Phosphate via Egg Injection
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc Tyler T.-T. , Pagé-Larivière Florence , Williams Kim , O'Brien Jason , Crump Doug 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are used in a variety of products such as clear coats, resins, and plastics; however, research into their toxicological effects is limited. p-Tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BPDP) and isopropylphenyl phosphate (IPPP) are two OPFRs that were prioritized for whole-animal toxicological studies based on observed effects in cultured avian hepatocytes in a previous study. The present study investigates the toxicity of BPDP and IPPP in chicken embryos at different developmental stages by evaluating morphological and gene expression endpoints. Chicken eggs were exposed via air cell injection to 0–250 μg/g (nominal) of either compound and then artificially incubated. At day 11 (midincubation), liver samples were collected for mRNA expression analysis; and at day 20 (1 day prehatch), morphological measurements and liver samples for transcriptomic evaluation were collected. At 250 μg/g, gallbladder size was significantly reduced for both compounds, head/bill length and tarsus length were significantly decreased, and liver somatic index was significantly increased following IPPP exposure only. No effects on mortality were observed up to the highest administered concentration for either chemical. Using a ToxChip polymerase chain reaction array, we report significant differences in hepatic gene expression for both compounds and time points; the most pronounced transcriptomic effects occurred at midincubation. Genes related to xenobiotic metabolism, bile acid/cholesterol regulation, and oxidative stress were significantly dysregulated. Given these changes observed throughout avian embryonic development, further research into the long-term effects of BPDP and IPPP are warranted, especially as they pertain to liver cholestasis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:739–747. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry © 2021 SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Electrochemically induced surface reconstruction of Ni‐Co oxide nanosheet arrays for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Teng , Wang You , Lei Jiaqi , Chen Kai‐Jie , Wang Hongxia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransition metal oxides (TMOs) are promising materials for supercapacitors (SCs) because of their high theoretical capacity. However, their finite active sites and poor electrical conductivity lead to reluctant electrochemical performance. Herein, we report a facile electrochemical activation (ECA) method to boost the electrochemical activity of Ni‐Co oxide nanosheet arrays (NiCoO NSA) for SCs. Specifically, honeycomb‐like NiCoO NSA that was made through a solvothermal method followed by air annealing was activated by simply exerting certain cyclic voltammetry scans (the activated sample is named ac‐NiCoO NSA). We have found this treatment results in dramatic surface structure change, forming numerous sub‐nanostructures (nanoparticles and nano‐leaves) on the NiCoO nanosheets. Rich antisite defects and oxygen vacancies in the NiCoO spinel phase were also created by the ECA treatment. Consequently, the ac‐NiCoO NSA delivered a maximum capacity of 206.5 mAh g−1 (0.5 A g−1), which is about three times of the NiCoO NSA without treatment. A hybrid SC based on the ac‐NiCoO NSA demonstrated excellent energy storage capacity (power density of 17.3 kW kg−1 and energy density of 45.4 Wh kg−1) and outstanding cyclability (>20,000 cycles, 77.4% retention rate). Our method provides a simple strategy for fabricating high performance TMOs for electrical energy storage devices like SCs.
Providing vouchers and value information for already free eye exams increases uptake among a low‐income minority population: A randomized trial
Authors: Kacker Seema , Macis Mario , Gajwani Prateek , Friedman David S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study whether vouchers without and with value information encourage attendance of already free follow‐up appointments among low‐income minority individuals referred for evaluation of possible eye disease. Between May 2017 and September 2018, 821 individuals referred from 114 screening events across Baltimore City were offered (1) standard referral for a free follow‐up appointment and prescription glasses, (2) a paper voucher described as redeemable for free follow‐up and prescription glasses, or (3) an otherwise identical paper voucher which also indicated the monetary value of the appointment ($250). Under all three conditions, all referred individuals received the same patient education, counseling, and appointment reminders. We find that vouchers without and with value information increase follow‐up by 12.5 and 20.3 percentage points, respectively, corresponding to a 36% and 58% increase compared to the standard referral for free follow‐up (i.e., without a voucher). We conclude that using vouchers is a promising, low‐cost approach to increase uptake of already free health services, particularly when the vouchers also provide value information.
London taxi drivers: A review of neurocognitive studies and an exploration of how they build their cognitive map of London
Authors: Griesbauer Eva‐Maria , Manley Ed , Wiener Jan M. , Spiers Hugo J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLicensed London taxi drivers have been found to show changes in the gray matter density of their hippocampus over the course of training and decades of navigation in London (UK). This has been linked to their learning and using of the “Knowledge of London,” the names and layout of over 26,000 streets and thousands of points of interest in London. Here we review past behavioral and neuroimaging studies of London taxi drivers, covering the structural differences in hippocampal gray matter density and brain dynamics associated with navigating London. We examine the process by which they learn the layout of London, detailing the key learning steps: systematic study of maps, travel on selected overlapping routes, the mental visualization of places and the optimal use of subgoals. Our analysis provides the first map of the street network covered by the routes used to learn the network, allowing insight into where there are gaps in this network. The methods described could be widely applied to aid spatial learning in the general population and may provide insights for artificial intelligence systems to efficiently learn new environments.
A case of complete response following the administration of pembrolizumab and metastasectomy for lung and bone metastases of bladder cancer
Authors: Nakasato Takehiko , Inoue Tatsuki , Kato Ryosuke , Nakagami Yoshihiro , Oshinomi Kazuhiko , Maeda Yoshiko , Morita Jun , Shichijo Takeshi , Yamochi Toshiko , Fukagai Takashi 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionPatients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma have poor prognosis and limited treatment options.Case presentationThe patient was a 60‐year‐old male with bladder cancer and multiple lung metastases. He underwent three courses of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy, despite left femoral bone metastases. Tumor resection and bone replacement surgery was performed. Following the administration of four courses of pembrolizumab, lung metastasis completely resolved. However, after nine courses, right femoral neck bone metastasis was observed; therefore, tumor resection and bone replacement surgery were repeated. Pathologically, PD‐L1 expression was low in lung biopsy tissue and bone metastases. Pembrolizumab treatment continued for up to 20 courses; cancer recurrence and adverse events were not observed upon follow‐up examination after 1 year.ConclusionPatients responding well to systemic therapy may have resectable metastatic sites, and long‐term survival might be achieved with adjunctive metastasectomy. The effect of pembrolizumab was not associated with positive PD‐L1 expression.