bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Past, present, and future research of digital twin for smart manufacturing
Authors: Son Yoo Ho , Kim Goo-Young , Kim Hyeon Chan , Jun Chanmo , Noh Sang Do 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is a growing focus on digital twin (DT) in order to advance toward smart manufacturing. Thus, researchers have conducted numerous studies on DT and extensively developed related technologies. There are many studies that apply and analyse DT to actual manufacturing sites for the realization of a smart factory, but it is necessary to clearly consider which part of DT is applied and what function it performs in manufacturing. As such, this study analysed and classified prior literature based on various phases of product lifecycle management, an application field of DT in manufacturing, and the hierarchy level axis of Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0, the target scope of DT. Accordingly, this study identified research trends in the past and present as well as analysed and identified the major functions of DT (prototyping, pilot testing, monitoring, improvement, and control). Through a gab study on the inadequate aspects of past and present researches, this study proposes directions for future studies on DT and a system architecture that can perform all the functions of DT.
Signaling in the “Before” Model of Final Offer Arbitration
Authors: Farmer Amy , Pecorino Paul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We develop a signaling model of final offer arbitration (FOA) in which the informed party makes the final settlement demand to the uninformed party. In FOA, each party submits a proposal to an arbitrator and if no agreement is reached, the arbitrator must select one of the two submitted proposals. We analyze a “before” model of FOA in which all settlement activity occurs prior to the exchange of proposals. We characterize the pure strategy separating, equilibrium associated with this game. Relative to a model of conventional arbitration (CA), the pure strategy separating equilibrium is associated with a higher dispute rate because weak player types have an enhanced incentive to bluff in this setting. This result continues to hold in semi-pooling equilibria. Thus our model is consistent with a higher dispute rate in FOA compared to CA. We also compare the incentive to engage in costly voluntary disclosure and costly discovery (JEL K4, C7, J52).
Representative Bureaucracy and Organizational Justice in Mediation
Authors: Hibbard Patrick F , Blomgren Amsler Lisa , Jackman Michael Scott 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Studies of representative bureaucracy (RB) argue public organizations reflective of the public they serve exhibit better outcomes, especially when serving underrepresented groups. RB theory attributes improved outcomes either to the actions representative bureaucrats take (active representation), or a greater perception of trust and legitimacy toward them by service recipients (symbolic representation), largely treating active and symbolic representation as separate phenomena. We explore the intricate relationship between bureaucracies and the populations they serve by observing the cross-influence between active and symbolic representation, as revealed by self-reported outcomes in discrimination complaints (N = 1,372) referred for voluntary mediation in the United States Postal Service, the REDRESS© program, a context in which mediators are highly limited in representing a claimant’s interests given the requirement of impartiality. In exit surveys measuring employee perceptions of organizational justice, we observed the impact of race and gender representation by gauging changes in reported satisfaction when a mediator’s race or gender matched the nature of the complaint in cases of race or sex discrimination and sexual harassment, via multivariate regression estimation. These analyses support RB theory regarding sexual harassment complaints, where complainants rated outcomes significantly more favorably for female mediators. We found a negative correlation between female mediators and sex discrimination complaints, as well as African American mediators and race discrimination complainants. To explain this discrepancy, we argue that interactions between symbolic and active representation determine the expectations and perceptions placed on bureaucrats. When a bureaucrat does not meet those expectations, service recipients tend to have a more negative view of organizational justice outcomes.
Rhamnetin: a review of its pharmacology and toxicity
Authors: Medeiros Débora Lima , Lima Edson Thiago Gomes , Silva Jefferson Campos , Medeiros Mônica Alves , Pinheiro Elayne Bessa Ferreira 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Numerous natural products, including rhamnetin, have been studied in recent years owing to the need for new herbal remedies to treat different illnesses. This study aimed to review the salient properties of rhamnetin and its pharmacological potential and possible toxicological effects.

Key findings
A search carried out in the ScienceDirect database using the term ‘rhamnetin’ yielded 573 articles published between 1977 and 2021. However, only those studies that mentioned pharmacological activity of rhamnetin were included in this study. As a result of this selection process, this study included reports that describe rhamnetin as a secondary metabolite with several pharmacological properties.

Summary
Rhamnetin (2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one) is a secondary metabolite, belonging to the flavonoid class, present in various plants and fruits; it has different pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial activity. However, conclusive results on the toxicology of rhamnetin have not been reported yet. Therefore, further research is needed to gather detailed information about the effects of rhamnetin.
The cell biology of zinc
Authors: Clemens Stephan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNearly 10% of all plant proteins belong to the zinc (Zn) proteome. They require Zn either for catalysis or as a structural element. Most of the protein-bound Zn in eukaryotic cells is found in the cytosol. The fundamental differences between transition metal cations in the stability of their complexes with organic ligands, as described by the Irving–Williams series, necessitate buffering of cytosolic Zn (the ‘free Zn’ pool) in the picomolar range (i.e. ~6 orders of magnitude lower than the total cellular concentration). Various metabolites and peptides, including nicotianamine, glutathione, and phytochelatins, serve as Zn buffers. They are hypothesized to supply Zn to enzymes, transporters, or the recently identified sensor proteins. Zn2+ acquisition is mediated by ZRT/IRT-like proteins. Metal tolerance proteins transport Zn2+ into vacuoles and the endoplasmic reticulum, the major Zn storage sites. Heavy metal ATPase-dependent efflux of Zn2+ is another mechanism to control cytosolic Zn. Spatially controlled Zn2+ influx or release from intracellular stores would result in dynamic modulation of cellular Zn pools, which may directly influence protein–protein interactions or the activities of enzymes involved in signaling cascades. Possible regulatory roles of such changes, as recently elucidated in mammalian cells, are discussed.
The Gaia–ESO Survey: Membership probabilities for stars in 63 open and 7 globular clusters from 3D kinematics
Authors: Jackson R J , Jeffries R D , Wright N J , Randich S , Sacco G , Bragaglia A , Hourihane A , Tognelli E , Degl’Innocenti S , Prada Moroni P G , Gilmore G , Bensby T , Pancino E , Smiljanic R , Bergemann M , Carraro G , Franciosini E , Gonneau A , Jofré P , Lewis J , Magrini L , Morbidelli L , Prisinzano L , Worley C , Zaggia S , Tautvaišiene G , Gutiérrez Albarrán M L , Montes D , Jiménez-Esteban F 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Spectroscopy from the final internal data release of the Gaia–ESO Survey (GES) has been combined with Gaia EDR3 to assign membership probabilities to targets observed towards 63 Galactic open clusters and 7 globular clusters. The membership probabilities are based chiefly on maximum likelihood modelling of the 3D kinematics of the targets, separating them into cluster and field populations. From 43 211 observed targets, 13 985 are identified as highly probable cluster members (P &gt; 0.9), with an average membership probability of 0.993. The addition of GES radial velocities successfully drives down the fraction of false positives and we achieve better levels of discrimination in most clusters over the use of astrometric data alone, especially those at larger distances. Since the membership selection is almost purely kinematic, the union of this catalogue with GES and Gaia is ideal for investigating the photometric and chemical properties of clusters as a function of stellar mass, age, and Galactic position.
White dwarfs identified in LAMOST Data Release 5
Authors: Guo Jincheng , Zhao Jingkun , Zhang Huawei , Zhang Jiajun , Bai Yu , Walters Nikolay , Yang Yong , Liu Jifeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we report white dwarfs identified in the 5th Data Release of the Large Area Multi-Object fibre Spectroscopic Telescope, including spectral types of DA, DB, DC, DZ, and so on. There are 2 625 DA spectra of 2 281 DA stars, 182 DB spectra of 166 DB stars, 62 DC spectra of 58 DC stars, 36 DZ spectra of 33 DZ stars and many other types identified, in addition to our previous paper (Data Release 2). Among those sources, 393 DA stars and 46 DB stars are new identifications after cross-matching with the literature. In order to select DA candidates, we use the classification result from the LAMOST pipeline, colour-colour cut method and a random forest machine learning method. For DBs, since there is no template for DB in the pipeline model, a random forest machine learning method is chosen to select candidates. All the WD candidates have been visually checked individually. The parameters of effective temperature, surface gravity, mass, and cooling age have been estimated for relatively high signal-to-noise ratio DAs and DBs. The peaks of the DA and DB mass distributions are found to be around 0.62 M⊙ and 0.65 M⊙, respectively. Finally, the data and method we used to select white dwarf candidates for the second phase of LAMOST survey are also addressed in this paper.
Magnetic loading of magnetars’ flares
Authors: Lyutikov Maxim 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Magnetars, the likely sources of fast radio bursts, produce both steady highly relativistic magnetized winds and occasional ejection events. We demonstrate that the requirement of conservation of the magnetic flux dominates the overall dynamics of magnetic explosions. This is missed in conventional hydrodynamic models of the ejections as expanding shell with parametrically added magnetic field, as well as one-dimensional models of magnetic disturbances. Magnetic explosions from magnetars come into force balance with the pre-flare wind close to the light cylinder. They are then advected quietly with the wind or propagate as electromagnetic disturbances. No powerful shock waves are generated in the wind.
Study of chemically peculiar stars – I. High-resolution spectroscopy and K2 photometry of Am stars in the region of M44
Authors: Joshi Santosh , Trust Otto , Semenko E , Williams P E , Lampens P , De Cat P , Vermeylen L , Holdsworth D L , García R A , Mathur S , Santos A R G , Mkrtichian D , Goswami A , Cuntz M , Yadav A P , Sarkar M , Bhatt B C , Kahraman Aliçavuş F , Nhlapo M D , Lund M N , Goswami P P , Savanov I , Jorissen A , Jurua E , Avvakumova E , Dmitrienko E S , Chakradhari N K , Das M K , Chowdhury S , Abedigamba O P , Yakunin I , Letarte B , Karinkuzhi D 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a study based on the high-resolution spectroscopy and K2 space photometry of five chemically peculiar stars in the region of the open cluster M44. The analysis of the high-precision photometric K2 data reveals that the light variations in HD 73045 and HD 76310 are rotational in nature and caused by spots or cloud-like co-rotating structures, which are non-stationary and short-lived. The time-resolved radial velocity measurements, in combination with the K2 photometry, confirm that HD 73045 does not show any periodic variability on time-scales shorter than 1.3 d, contrary to previous reports in the literature. In addition to these new rotational variables, we discovered a new heartbeat system, HD 73619, where no pulsational signatures are seen. The spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric analyses indicate that HD 73619 belongs to the peculiar Am class, with either a weak or no magnetic field, considering the 200-G detection limit of our study. The least-squares deconvolution profiles for HD 76310 indicate a complex structure in its spectra, suggesting that this star is either part of a binary system or surrounded by a cloud shell. When placed in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, all studied stars are evolved from the main sequence and situated in the δ Scuti instability strip. This work is relevant for further detailed studies of chemically peculiar stars, for example on inhomogeneities (including spots) in the absence of magnetic fields and the origin of the pulsational variability in heartbeat systems.
EANO, SNO and Euracan consensus review on the current management and future development of intracranial germ cell tumors in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Frappaz Didier , Dhall Girish , Murray Matthew J , Goldman Stuart , Faure Conter Cecile , Allen Jeffrey , Kortmann Rolf Dieter , Haas-Kogen Daphne , Morana Giovanni , Finlay Jonathan , Nicholson James C , Bartels Ute , Souweidane Mark , Schönberger Stefan , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Robertson Patricia , Albanese Assunta , Alapetite Claire , Czech Thomas , Lau Chin C , Wen Patrick , Schiff David , Shaw Dennis , Calaminus Gabriele , Bouffet Eric 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The incidence of intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCT) is much lower in European and North American (E&NA) than in Asian population. However, E&NA cooperative groups have simultaneously developed with success treatment strategies with specific attention paid to long-term sequelae. Neurological sequelae may be reduced by establishing a diagnosis with an endoscopic biopsy and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or serum analysis, deferring the need to perform a radical surgery. Depending on markers and/or histological characteristics, patients are treated as either germinoma or non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT). Metastatic disease is defined by a positive CSF cytology and/or distant drops in craniospinal MRI. The combination of surgery and/or chemotherapy and radiation therapy is tailored according to grouping and staging. With more than 90% 5-year event-free survival (EFS), localized germinomas can be managed without aggressive surgery, and benefit from chemotherapy followed by whole ventricular irradiation with local boost. Bifocal germinomas are treated as non-metastatic entities. Metastatic germinomas may be cured with craniospinal irradiation. With a 5-year EFS over 70%, NGGCT benefit from chemotherapy followed by delayed surgery in case of residual disease, and some form of radiotherapy. Future strategies will aim at decreasing long-term side effects while preserving high cure rates.
Looking beyond traditional nutrients: the role of bioactives and the food matrix on health
Authors: Cifelli Christopher J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The unique physical-chemical properties of foods directly impact their digestion and absorption. Dairy foods are key components of healthy eating patterns because they provide protein and essential vitamins and minerals to the diet. Additionally, scientific evidence has shown that the benefits of milk and dairy foods on health are due to the overall composition of the whole food rather than its individual nutrients. Indeed, the unique bioactive components of milk and dairy products are integral to the health benefits attributed to dairy foods. A better understanding of the dairy matrix and the protein- and fat-derived bioactive components of milk and dairy products will help inform evidence-based dietary guidance.
Stress responses and epigenomic instability mark the loss of somatic embryogenesis competence in grapevine
Authors: Dal Santo Silvia , De Paoli Emanuele , Pagliarani Chiara , Amato Alessandra , Celii Mirko , Boccacci Paolo , Zenoni Sara , Gambino Giorgio , Perrone Irene 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSomatic embryogenesis (SE) represents the most appropriate tool for next-generation breeding methods in woody plants such as grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). However, in this species, the SE competence is strongly genotype-dependent and the molecular basis of this phenomenon is poorly understood. We explored the genetic and epigenetic basis of SE in grapevine by profiling the transcriptome, epigenome, and small RNAome of undifferentiated, embryogenic, and non-embryogenic callus tissues derived from two genotypes differing in competence for SE, Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon. During the successful formation of embryonic callus, we observed the upregulation of epigenetic-related transcripts and short interfering RNAs in association with DNA hypermethylation at transposable elements in both varieties. Nevertheless, the switch to nonembryonic development matched the incomplete reinforcement of transposon silencing, and the evidence of such effect was more apparent in the recalcitrant Cabernet Sauvignon. Transcriptomic differences between the two genotypes were maximized already at early stage of culture where the recalcitrant variety expressed a broad panel of genes related to stress responses and secondary metabolism. Our data provide a different angle on the SE molecular dynamics that can be exploited to leverage SE as a biotechnological tool for fruit crop breeding.
Organizing your space: The potential for integrating spatial transcriptomics and 3D imaging data in plants
Authors: Cox Jr Kevin L , Gurazada Sai Guna Ranjan , Duncan Keith E , Czymmek Kirk J , Topp Christopher N , Meyers Blake C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlant cells communicate information for the regulation of development and responses to external stresses. A key form of this communication is transcriptional regulation, accomplished via complex gene networks operating both locally and systemically. To fully understand how genes are regulated across plant tissues and organs, high resolution, multi-dimensional spatial transcriptional data must be acquired and placed within a cellular and organismal context. Spatial transcriptomics (ST) typically provides a two-dimensional spatial analysis of gene expression of tissue sections that can be stacked to render three-dimensional data. For example, X-ray and light-sheet microscopy provide sub-micron scale volumetric imaging of cellular morphology of tissues, organs, or potentially entire organisms. Linking these technologies could substantially advance transcriptomics in plant biology and other fields. Here, we review advances in ST and 3D microscopy approaches and describe how these technologies could be combined to provide high resolution, spatially organized plant tissue transcript mapping.
Mother-to-child HIV-2 transmission: comparison with HIV-1 and evaluation of factors influencing the rate of transmission. A systematic review
Authors: ter Schiphorst Emelie , Hansen Kamille Carstens , Holm Mette , Hønge Bo Langhoff 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A review and collection of data on HIV-2 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is absent in the literature. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide a pooled estimate of the rate of HIV-2 MTCT and to identify factors influencing the rate of transmission. PubMed and EMBASE were used to identify eligible publications using a sensitive search strategy. All publications until February 2021 were considered; 146 full-text articles were assessed. Observational studies describing the rate of HIV-2 MTCT in a defined HIV-2 infected study population were included. Other publication types and studies describing HIV-1 or dually infected populations were excluded. Nine studies consisting of 901 mother-child pairs in West Africa, France and Portugal were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled rate estimate of HIV-2 MTCT for antiretroviral therapy-naïve women was 0.2% (95% CI 0.03 to 1.47%), considerably lower than that for HIV-1. The levels of maternal HIV RNA and CD4 cell count were positively related to the vertical transmission rate. Maternal HIV-2 infection did not significantly affect perinatal mortality. It was concluded that the vertical transmission of HIV-2 is lower than that of HIV-1. Maternal viral load and CD4 cell count appear to influence the rate of HIV-2 MTCT.
Current status of hepatitis C virus among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Egypt
Authors: Elsharkawy Aisha , Alem Shereen Abdel , Cordie Ahmed , Mohamed Rahma , Meshaal Safa , Esmat Gamal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is increasing due to their similar routes of transmission. Co-infection poses a big challenge. Information on the prevalence of HCV infection in Egyptian HIV individuals is scarce.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 1004 HIV individuals who were recruited from July 2018 to March 2019. Blood samples obtained from HIV individuals were subsequently screened for HCV antibodies using the Murex anti-HCV (version 4) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. HCV RNA was performed only on anti-HCV antibody–positive samples. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with HCV seroprevalence using SPSS (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).ResultsAmong 1004 participants, 349 exhibited a positive result for anti-HCV antibodies (34.8% [95% confidence interval 31.81 to 37.8]). The most commonly self-reported risk factor of HIV infection by the co-infected participants was intravenous drug use (IDU) (303/349 [86.8%]). In multinomial analysis, risk factors identified as statistically associated with HCV seroprevalence include IDU, history of surgical operations and dental procedures and HIV viral load (p&lt;0.001, 0.032, &lt;0.001 and 0.006, respectively). Under combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the proportion of HIV mono-infected individuals with an undetectable HIV viral load was significantly higher than those with co-infection (p&lt;0.0007). We also found that HIV–HCV co-infected participants exhibited significantly higher CD4+ cell counts than those with HIV mono-infection (p=0.04).ConclusionsThe prevalence of HIV–HCV co-infection is higher in Egypt compared with other countries in Africa. It is essential to screen all HIV-infected patients for HCV infection for early identification, counselling and initiation of anti-HCV treatment.