bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Old Testaments” of the peoples. Grundtvig's discernment of life's true order (human first, Christian next) and its relevance for the new eco‐recognition of ancestral bonds in time and space
Authors: Salomonsen Jone 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe intellectual distinction between Jews and Gentiles, Christians and Pagans is a division between true and false religion. Danish theologian N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783–1872) refuted this binary when he “matchlessly discovered” that pagan simply denotes a natural, pre‐Christian human, created in the image of God. Inborn and cultured spirits of life simply convey a people's “Old Testament,” which may also be treasured as independent sources of pride, cultural knowledge, community, and historicity. In this article, I approach Grundtvig's discovery as method, and discuss its potential to teach a climate sensitive age kinship with a particular linage of dwellers (nomads, peasants, Sami, Vikings, moderns), a specific landscape, and with spirit as breath and sensory belonging to a larger‐than‐human community. It will include a brief reflection on how native Christian scholars treat this problematic, how gendered rereadings of Norse mythology may still enlighten the present, and how new ecological concerns about deep entanglements may open Norwegian memory to its first migrants: nomadic hunters and gatherers.
HUMBOLDT AND THE AMERICAN WEST: DEFENDING OR DEFEATING THE ‘MANIFEST DESTINY’?1
Authors: Rebok Sandra 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWith Humboldt's long‐lasting interest in the scientific exploration of the American West and the promising future he foresaw for the United States once the nation expanded to the Pacific, it is not surprising that he was appropriated to promote the ‘Manifest Destiny’ – the conviction that Americans were destined to settle on the entire North American continent. His continuous support of the people and institutions involved in this endeavour was understood as a statement in favour of this belief, and Humboldtian science was used in order to justify settlement and the growth of the new nation. However, this appropriation put Humboldt in a delicate position regarding the Spanish crown, to which he was grateful for the exceptional travel authorisation he had received in 1799, and to Mexico, the nation that had awarded him honorary citizenship in 1827. It is therefore necessary to take a closer look at his stance on US territorial interests. This article analyses the questions of whether Humboldt really believed in the idea of American exceptionalism, how he expressed himself regarding specific settlement projects, and whether US expansion, including its consequences for Spanish and later Mexican interests, was in accordance with his personal convictions.
‘BIG DATA’ AND ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT'S APPROACH TO SCIENCE
Authors: Grana‐Behrens Daniel 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThis article departs from the hypothesis that Alexander von Humboldt used ‘Big Data’ in order to bring new scientific evidence into the open. His method of measuring and combining temperature, humidity, altitude and magnetism in a geographical environment must be regarded as innovative, indeed, as the foundation of modern science. Although Humboldt lived in an analogue world and used the instruments of his time, his way of assembling information was not so different from what we are seeing in today's digitalised world. Information has no value unless it is shared. It does not say anything unless it is linked with other data. It cannot remain isolated but must be compared and interpreted. The generation of ʻBig Dataʼ was a pathway to Humboldt's concept of ʻKosmosʼ in much the same way as ʻBig Dataʼ today is the pathway to a virtual world. In this sense, Humboldt not only laid the foundation of modern science but anticipated the existence of a world where data and information are the source of everything when it comes to understanding the interconnectivity of the physical and the virtual world.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on stress, resilience and depression in health professionals: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Manzanares Isabel , Sevilla Guerra Sonia , Lombraña Mencía María , Acar‐Denizli Nihan , Miranda Salmerón Josep , Martinez Estalella Gemma 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on stress, resilience and depression in health professionals from a public hospital in Barcelona, Spain after the first peak of pandemic.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain has pushed boundaries in health systems and, especially, for health professionals. Analysis of resilience as an individual resource and it is essential to understand the mechanisms that make staff react unfavourably to stressors caused by the pandemic.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study was designed.ParticipantsHealth professionals supervised by the nursing department, including registered nurses, health care assistants, health technicians, final year nurse student nurses, foreign nurses, and other nurse‐related health workers.MethodsThe study complies with the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies. An online survey was administered to all health professionals supervised by the nursing department between 6 and 27 May 2020. The survey included the ER‐14 Resilience Scale, the widely‐used PHQ‐9 depression scale, the Spanish version of the Nursing Stress Scale, and an ad‐hoc questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic and occupational variables.ResultsA total of 686 participants answered the survey. Resilience was high or very high in health professionals, with an inverse correlation with stress and depression scores. Personal on fixed shifts showed better resilience. The most stressed health professionals were full‐time registered nurses, followed by health care assistants. Up to 25% of nursing professionals had depression.ConclusionOur study showed a high degree of resilience among nurse professionals despite the overwhelming nature of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Relevant signs of depression and stress were detected among participants. Occupational factors heavily influenced nurses’ resilience, stress and depression.Implications for Nursing & Health PolicyGovernment policy shifts are needed in Spain to improve nurses’ workforce conditions, enhance the ratio of nurses to patient numbers, and avoid workforce losses. Maintaining the resilience of health professionals would assist in improving their health and their capacity to possible future emergency situations.
Multiobjective land–water allocation model for sustainable agriculture with predictive stochastic yield response
Authors: Amaruchkul Kannapha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsider an agricultural land–water resource allocation problem in which yields are spatial dependent and stochastically correlated. To achieve sustainability, we formulate a multiobjective (MO) optimization problem, in which the decision maker determines the cultivation areas and the supplemental irrigation water levels at different locations, with social, economic, and environmental goals in mind. For the social goal, we minimize the root mean squared difference of incomes among locations. For the economic goal, we minimize the production risk. We show that minimizing production risk is equivalent to maximizing the service level, when demand is normally distributed. For the environmental goal, we minimize the resource utilization. Assume that the yield vector at different locations follows a multivariate normal distribution. We formulate the MO optimization problem using a weight global criterion method, and we provide a sufficient condition for convex quadratic programming. We demonstrate the applicability of our proposed framework in the case study of sugarcane production in Thailand. To capture yield response to water, we propose several models including linear and nonlinear regressions, and we obtain the closed‐form expression for the linear and probit yield response models. The numerical experiment reveals that our solution significantly improves the social and economic goals, compared to the current policy. Finally, we illustrate how to apply our model to quantify the monetary value from reducing yield variability, which could be resulted from smart irrigation or precision agriculture.
Effect of earplugs and eye masks on the sleep quality of intensive care unit patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fang Chiu‐Shu , Wang Hsiu‐Hung , Wang Ruey‐Hsia , Chou Fan‐Hao , Chang Shih‐Lun , Fang Ching‐Ju 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effect of earplugs and eye masks on the sleep quality of patients in intensive care unit (ICU).DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesRandomized controlled trial studies conducted before May 5, 2020 were searched for in Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System databases.Review MethodsAnalyses in this study were according to the PRISMA statement. The heterogeneity of the data was investigated through sub‐group analysis while a meta‐analysis was performed using the Review Manager 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 797 patients from 13 studies were included in this study. Without considering alone or combined use of earplugs and eye masks, the meta‐analysis supported that there was a significant effect on self‐reported sleep quality. The overall standardized mean difference of the effect size was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.80, 2.09]). Sub‐group analysis indicated that the use of earplugs alone had no significant effect on sleep quality (effect size: 0.07, 95% [CI]: [−0.50, 0.64]). The use of eye masks alone had a significant effect on sleep quality (effect size: 1.56, 95% [CI]: [1.08, 2.05]). The use of both earplugs and eye masks proved to have the largest effect size on sleep quality (effect size: 2.08, 95% [CI]: [0.95, 3.21]).ConclusionThe combined use of earplugs and eye masks or the standalone use of eye masks is a non‐invasive, economical and effective way to promote sleep quality in adult ICU patients.ImpactClinical nurses could use this meta‐analysis as it recommends that nurses provide adult ICU patients with either one or both earplugs and eye masks to improve the patients’ sleep quality.Study RegistrationThe review protocol was registered a priori and published online in the PROSPERO database of systematic reviews (www.crd.York.ac.uk/Prosperowith the registration number # CRD42021221185).
‘Blind laws’ and the bureaucracy of rights migrant industrial workers in post‐lockdown India
Authors: Ruthven Orlanda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAfter a traumatic lockdown in 2020, India's migrant factory workers have headed back to work and on worse terms than before. Struggling with new levels of denial of entitlements, workers respond by withdrawing from their fragile hold on formality, moving instead further into the informal sector. Based on voice notes recorded on Saajha Manch, a phone‐based community media platform, the paper examines workers' experience that their efforts to claim their rights lure them into a quagmire in a bureaucracy which sucks their energy while assuring no clear outcome. Seeing evidence of failed enforcement and structural inequality all around them, workers conclude that the law is not meant for them and hence show little interest in the new labour codes hastily enacted at the height of the pandemic. The paper highlights the dysfunction of the formal sector in delivering to its low‐waged workers who remain unserved in spite of registration and documentation in place. As they join the ranks of informality, however, migrant factory workers do not lose interest in associative and contentious activity. On the contrary, freedom from the bureaucracy of rights may be a boost to new forms of struggle.
Childhood CCL18, CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels differentially relate to and predict allergy development
Authors: Huoman Johanna , Haider Sadia , Simpson Angela , Murray Clare S. , Custovic Adnan , Jenmalm Maria C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundChemokines are important mediators in immune cell recruitment, contributing to allergy development. However, extensive studies of chemokines in the circulation in relation to the presence and development of allergic diseases remain scarce. Our aim was to investigate associations of circulating allergy‐related chemokines with the development of asthma and sensitization cross‐sectionally and longitudinally in a population‐based cohort.MethodsThe chemokines CCL17, CCL22, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CCL18 were measured in plasma samples from children in the Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study. Samples were available from cord blood at birth (n = 376), age 1 (n = 195) and age 8 (n = 334). Cross‐sectional and longitudinal association analyses were performed in relation to asthma and allergic sensitization, as well as allergic phenotype clusters previously derived using machine learning in the same study population.ResultsIn children with asthma and/or allergic sensitization, CCL18 levels were consistently elevated at 1 and/or 8 years of ages. In a longitudinal model including information on asthma from 4 time points (5, 8, 11 and 16 years of ages), we observed a significant association between increasing CCL18 levels at age 1 and a higher risk of asthma from early school age to adolescence (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.6, p = .028). We observed similar associations in longitudinal models for allergic sensitization. Asthma later in life was preceded by increased CXCL10 levels after birth and decreased CXCL11 levels at birth.ConclusionElevated CCL18 levels throughout childhood precede the development of asthma and allergic sensitization. The Th1‐associated chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 also associated with the development of both outcomes, with differential temporal effects.
Current status of structural variation studies in plants
Authors: Yuan Yuxuan , Bayer Philipp E. , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards David 
Published: June 2021

SummaryStructural variations (SVs) including gene presence/absence variations and copy number variations are a common feature of genomes in plants and, together with single nucleotide polymorphisms and epigenetic differences, are responsible for the heritable phenotypic diversity observed within and between species. Understanding the contribution of SVs to plant phenotypic variation is important for plant breeders to assist in producing improved varieties. The low resolution of early genetic technologies and inefficient methods have previously limited our understanding of SVs in plants. However, with the rapid expansion in genomic technologies, it is possible to assess SVs with an ever‐greater resolution and accuracy. Here, we review the current status of SV studies in plants, examine the roles that SVs play in phenotypic traits, compare current technologies and assess future challenges for SV studies.
DISCUSSION OF THE BOYLE LECTURE 2021
Authors: Watts Fraser N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis short article summarizes and extends the panel discussion that followed the Boyle Lecture 2021 by Tom McLeish. The panel largely accepted the central claims of the lecture and focused rather on its implications. That included the importance of teaching history and philosophy of science alongside science itself, and the importance of finding helpful and appropriate ways of engaging the public in the scientific process. There was considerable discussion of the place of meditative and contemplative practices in science. It seems that intuition and imagination play an important role in scientific discovery, if not in more formal theorizing, and are close to contemplative experience. Emphasizing that aspect of science might lead to a refocusing of natural theology, focusing more on scientific processes than on scientific findings.
Experiences and effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions delivered in the acute setting: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: George Stacey , Barrett Matt , De Ionno Jessica , Fletcher Laura , Choo Wen Shin , Rivas-Dominguez Sergio , Romanic Nikolina , Lizarondo Lucylynn , Stern Cindy 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize and integrate the best available evidence on the experiences and effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions delivered in the acute setting.

Introduction:
Occupational therapy is a client-centered health profession promoting health and well-being through occupation. In acute hospital settings, occupational therapy interventions are provided to patients to maximize function, prevent readmission, and promote safe discharge. Recent studies have demonstrated that occupational therapy has modified its practice in acute settings to include advocacy, team facilitation, and rapid clinical reasoning. This review will investigate not only the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions, but also the experiences of patients, caregivers, and clinicians in the acute setting.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies on the experiences and effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions delivered in acute settings. For the qualitative component, the experiences of patients and caregivers receiving any occupational therapy intervention, and clinicians directly or indirectly involved in delivering occupational therapy interventions, will be investigated. For the quantitative component, occupational therapy interventions will be compared with non-occupational therapy interventions, no intervention, wait-list, or other inactive or active (usual care) control interventions. Patient outcomes will include impairment, activities of daily living, psychological outcomes, and quality of life, while health system outcomes will include health care utilization and patient flow.

Methods:
The databases to be searched include CINAHL, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE (Ovid), OT Seeker, PsycINFO (Ovid), and Scopus. Study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis and integration will utilize the JBI segregated approach to mixed methods systematic reviews.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020206363
The Static Response of Axisymmetric Conical Shells Exhibiting Bistable Behavior
Authors: Luxenburg Yair , Givli Sefi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Belleville springs are widely used in a variety of mechanical systems. Recent advances in the field of multi-stable structures suggest that these conical axisymmetric washers may be extremely useful as bistable building blocks for multi-stable architected metamaterials. In this paper, we examine the ability of existing analytical models to accurately predict the bistable behavior of Belleville springs, namely, a nonmonotonous force–displacement relation with two branches of positive stiffness separated by a branch of negative stiffness. By comparing with results of finite element (FE) simulations, we find that current analytical models may suffer from significant inaccuracies associated with the assumption of rigid rotation. According to this assumption, adopted by all analytical models of Belleville springs, the cross section of the spring rotates without bending, i.e., maintains zero curvature as the spring deforms. Motivated by this insight, we relax the rigid-rotation assumption and approximate the radial displacement field by a linear relation in terms of the distance from the spring axis. We find, based on extensive finite element simulations, that the functional dependence of the radial displacement on the geometry of the springs is indifferent to the stage of deformation and can be expressed in terms of three geometrical parameters. These findings enable us to derive closed-form expressions that are simple and straightforward to use, yet are significantly more accurate than existing analytical models.
Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Allocation on Monorail Rolling Stock
Authors: Li James 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Railroad and transit projects are increasingly referencing and requiring compliance with the CENELEC railway standards, and the Independent Safety Assessment (ISA) is a key element of the safety certification and homologation process. The Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) which includes the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) allocation to the Safety Functions (SFs) is one of the major elements in the development of a Safety Management System (SMS) for the railroad and transit systems. This paper presents the experience with SIL allocation to the Safety functions designed on the Monorail Rolling Stock, which is essential for the Safety Management System to be successful in delivering IEC 61508 / CENELEC standards (EN 50126/8/9) based railroad and transit systems.
This paper introduces the concept of SIL, interpretation of SIL in the different standards such as IEC61508, EN50126, EN50128 and EN50129; methods of defining Tolerable Hazard Rate, ALARP principle, and experience of SIL allocation on the Monorail Rolling Stock. The study of SIL allocation on the Monorail Rolling Stock comprises of the characteristics of the Monorail system, general approach of SIL allocation, functional analysis, identification of required SIL, example discussion, assignment of safety functions to systems, and the identification of alternate risk reduction measures. The conclusion is summarized at the end of the paper.