bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomographic and gross anatomy of the head of the blue‐fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)
Authors: Faillace Ana Carolina Lourenço , Vieira Kássia Regina Aguiar , Santana Marcelo Ismar Silva 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe blue‐fronted Amazon parrot is an extremely popular pet bird in Brazil. These birds are commonly raised in captivity and are often seen in veterinary practice. Modern imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), which had not been widely used in wild and exotic bird medicine until recently, are now becoming more popular due to wider availability and higher diagnostic accuracy. However, proper interpretation of tomographic findings requires species‐specific anatomical references. Studies investigating normal tomographic anatomy of parrots are scarce. This study set out to describe the normal anatomy of the head of the blue‐fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) using conventional CT. Anatomical descriptions may contribute to future comparative morphology studies and assist in clinical practice. The head of the blue‐fronted Amazon parrot is structurally similar to other bird species. Major differences detected were are as follows: size and position of nasal conchae (long middle concha and small caudal concha located at the end of the nasal cavity), infraorbital sinus aperture located on the lateral aspect of the nasal cavity, presence of a nasopharyngeal duct connecting the nasal and oral cavities, longer infraorbital sinus with a larger number of caudal compartments and paraglossum with morphological features unique to psittacines. High‐quality CT images were vital for identification and detailed description of most head structures. Multiplanar reconstruction was a useful tool for complete visualization of the head. However, conventional CT images were not good enough for visualization of the inner ear and related structures, as well the paratympanic sinus.
Immune‐mediated diseases and risk of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lo Chun‐Han , Khalili Hamed , Lochhead Paul , Song Mingyang , Lopes Emily W. , Burke Kristin E. , Richter James M. , Chan Andrew T. , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackgroundAlthough immune‐mediated diseases (IMDs) including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are known to cluster, to what extent this is due to common environmental influences is unknown.AimTo examine the incidence of IBD in individuals with another IMD.MethodsWe used data from the prospective Nurses' Health Study II cohort (1995‐2017) to examine the effect of diagnoses of several common IMDs on subsequent risk of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for detailed diet and lifestyle confounders.ResultsWe documented 132 cases of CD and 186 cases of UC over 2 016 163 person‐years of follow‐up (median age at IBD diagnosis 50 years). Compared to participants with no history of IMD, the HRs of CD for those with 1 and ≥ 2 IMDs were 2.57 (95% CI 1.77‐3.74) and 2.74 (95% CI 1.36 to 5.49), respectively (Ptrend < 0.0001). This association was only modestly attenuated by adjustment for environmental risk factors (HR 2.35 and 2.46, respectively). The risk of UC was not increased, with multivariable‐adjusted HRs of 1.22 (95% CI 0.85‐1.76) and 1.33 (95% CI 0.67‐2.65) for those with 1 and ≥ 2 IMDs, respectively, compared to those with none (Ptrend 0.16) (Pheterogeneity comparing CD and UC 0.037). Asthma, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and rosacea were individually associated with higher risk of CD (HR ranging from 2.15 to 3.39) but not UC.ConclusionsIndividuals with one or more IMDs are at an increased risk for CD but not UC.
Leaf litter decomposition in tropical freshwater swamp forests is slower in swamp than non‐swamp conditions
Authors: Lam Weng Ngai , Lian Jun Jie , Chan Pin Jia , Ting Ying Ying , Chong Rie , Rahman Nur Estya , Tan Lorraine Wen Ai , Ho Qian Yi , Ramchunder Sorain J. , Peh Kelvin S.‐H. , Cai Yixiong , Chong Kwek Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDecomposition is a key ecosystem function, and the rate of decomposition in forests affects their carbon storage potentials. Processes and factors determining leaf litter decomposition rates in dry‐land and temperate forests are well understood, but these are generally poorly studied in tropical wetland forests, especially freshwater swamp forests (FSF). The home‐field advantage (HFA) hypothesis predicts that soil microbes specialize in decomposing leaf litter produced by the tree species in their immediate vicinity. However, empirical support for the HFA is equivocal, and the HFA has never been tested in the highly heterogeneous and biodiverse ecosystems of tropical FSFs. We collected leaf litter from swamp and non‐swamp tree species in a tropical FSF in Singapore and monitored the decomposition rates of these in swamp and non‐swamp plots for a period of eight months. Leaf litter decomposed 3.7 times more slowly in swamp plots. Leaf litter from swamp tree species were significantly poorer in quality (higher C:N ratio) than those of non‐swamp FSF tree species, but this had only a weak effect on decomposition rates. There was also only weak evidence for the HFA and only in non‐swamp conditions. Our results show that while the leaf litter of tropical FSF swamp and non‐swamp tree species differ significantly in chemical traits, litter decomposition rate is ultimately determined by local abiotic conditions, such as hydrology. Additionally, the high FSF tree diversity may prevent decomposer communities from specializing on any group of leaf litter types and thus limit the extent of HFA observed in such heterogeneous forests.
Investigating the Interrelations Between Systems of Support in 13‐ to 18‐Year‐Old Adolescents: A Network Analysis of Resilience Promoting Systems in a High and Middle‐Income Country
Authors: Höltge Jan , Theron Linda , van Rensburg Angelique , Cowden Richard G. , Govender Kaymarlin , Ungar Michael 
Published: January 2021

Adolescents’ ability to function well under adversity relies on a network of interrelated support systems. This study investigated how consecutive age groups differ in the interactions between their support systems. A secondary data analysis of cross‐sectional studies that assessed individual, caregiver, and contextual resources using the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (Ungar & Liebenberg, 2005) in 13‐ to 18‐year‐olds in Canada (N = 2,311) and South Africa (N = 3,039) was conducted applying network analysis. Individual and contextual systems generally showed the highest interconnectivity. While the interconnectivity between the individual and caregiver system declined in the Canadian sample, a u‐shaped pattern was found for South Africa. The findings give first insights into cross‐cultural and context‐dependent patterns of interconnectivity between fundamental resource systems during adolescence.
Coupling urban 3‐D information and circuit theory to advance the development of urban ecological networks
Authors: Kong Fanhua , Wang Ding , Yin Haiwei , Dronova Iryna , Fei Fan , Chen Jiayu , Pu Yingxia , Li Manchun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOngoing, rapid urban growth accompanied by habitat fragmentation and loss challenges biodiversity conservation and leads to decreases in ecosystem services. Application of the concept of ecological networks in the preservation and restoration of connections among isolated patches of natural areas is a powerful conservation strategy. However, previous approaches often failed to objectively consider the impacts of complex 3‐D city environments on ecological niches. We used airborne lidar‐derived information on the 3‐D structure of the built environment and vegetation and detailed land use and cover data to characterize habitat quality, niche diversity, and human disturbance and to predict habitat connectivity among 38 identified habitat core areas (HCAs) in Nanjing, China. We used circuit theory and Linkage Mapper to create a landscape resistance layer, simulate habitat connectivity, and identify and prioritize important corridors. We mapped 64 links by using current flow centrality to evaluate each HCA's contribution and the links that facilitate intact connectivity. Values were highest for HCA links located in the west, south, and northeast of the study area, where natural forests with complex 3‐D structures predominate. Two smaller HCA areas had high centrality scores relative to their extents, which means they could act as important stepping stones in connectivity planning. The mapped pinch‐point regions had narrow and fragile links among the HCAs, suggesting they require special protection. The barriers with the highest impact scores were mainly located at the HCA connections to Purple Mountain and, based on these high scores, are more likely to indicate important locations that can be restored to improve potential connections. Our novel framework allowed us to sufficiently convey spatially explicit information to identify targets for habitat restoration and potential pathways for species movement and dispersal. Such information is critical for assessing existing or potential habitats and corridors and developing strategic plans to balance habitat conservation and other land uses based on scientifically informed connectivity planning and implementation.
Rangewide habitat suitability analysis for the Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) to identify recovery areas in its historical distribution
Authors: Martínez‐Meyer Enrique , González‐Bernal Alejandro , Velasco Julián A. , Swetnam Tyson L. , González‐Saucedo Zaira Y. , Servín Jorge , López‐González Carlos A. , Oakleaf John K. , Liley Stewart , Heffelfinger James R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo develop an updated distribution model and habitat suitability analysis for the Mexican wolf, to inform the recovery efforts in Mexico and the United States.LocationMexico and the southwestern United States.MethodsWe used an ensemble species distribution modelling (SDM) approach and a spatial analysis combining anthropogenic and ecological variables, including, for the first time, rangewide relative density estimates of wild ungulates, to determine the extent of suitable habitat for wolves within a region that includes the known historical range of the Mexican wolf and adjacent areas.ResultsThe results showed that the modelled distribution of the Mexican wolf extended from central Arizona and New Mexico, and western Texas in the United States, southwards along the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Sierra Madre Oriental, to the high sierras of Oaxaca, in Mexico. The habitat suitability models indicated that large tracts (>81,000 km2) of high‐quality habitat still exist for the Mexican wolf in the southwestern United States, and the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico, which could ensure recovery within its historical range.Main conclusionsThe recovery of the Mexican wolf is a complex, multidimensional socio‐ecological challenge, which requires binational cooperation guided by reliable information and robust scientific procedures. The next step is to carry out specific socio‐ecological studies and actions for selected candidate sites to assess their viability for hastening its recovery.
Examining motor evoked potential amplitude and short‐interval intracortical inhibition on the up‐going and down‐going phases of a transcranial alternating current stimulation (tacs) imposed alpha oscillation
Authors: Vallence Ann‐Maree , Dansie Kathryn , Goldsworthy Mitchell R. , McAllister Suzanne M. , Yang Ruiting , Rothwell John C. , Ridding Michael C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany brain regions exhibit rhythmical activity thought to reflect the summed behaviour of large populations of neurons. The endogenous alpha rhythm has been associated with phase‐dependent modulation of corticospinal excitability. However, whether exogenous alpha rhythm, induced using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) also has a phase‐dependent effect on corticospinal excitability remains unknown. Here, we triggered transcranial magnetic stimuli (TMS) on the up‐ or down‐going phase of a tACS‐imposed alpha oscillation and measured motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). There was no significant difference in MEP amplitude or SICI when TMS was triggered on the up‐ or down‐going phase of the tACS‐imposed alpha oscillation. The current study provides no evidence of differences in corticospinal excitability or GABAergic inhibition when targeting the up‐going (peak) and down‐going (trough) phase of the tACS‐imposed oscillation.
Population genetic structure and microendemism in aquatic Empididae (Diptera) in transient tufa biotopes on tropical karst
Authors: Kunprom Chonticha , Plant Adrian R. , Pramual Pairot 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTPopulation genetic structure of an aquatic insect obligately associated with fragmented and temporally unstable tufa formations on tropical karst was investigated using mtCOI sequence data. A median‐joining (MJ) haplotype network calculated from 263 COI sequences of Hemerodromia conspecta Plant (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) sampled from its 12 known sites in Thailand indicated a high level of genetic structure and identified five distinct lineages present in geographically close localities. Haplotype diversity (h), nucleotide diversity (π) and pairwise comparisons of FST suggested considerable differentiation among populations but evolutionary distance judged from the Kimura 2‐parameter was too low (0.98–4.58) to establish any lineage as a discrete species, however, it was considered as evidence of ongoing processes of allopatric speciation. Mismatch distribution analysis and low nucleotide diversity associated with high haplotype diversity in three lineages was consistent with the sudden expansion model but very low haplotype diversity of a fourth lineage provided strong indication that it had historically experienced a profound population bottleneck. Long path lengths in the MJ network suggested prolonged isolation of the four major lineages and mismatch distribution analysis indicated that their populations experienced a late Pleistocene expansion that was complete by the early Holocene, entirely consistent with evidence for a climatically driven period of late Cenozoic tufa deposition followed by late Quaternary decline. The allopatric distribution of geographically fragmented and genetically distinct lineages suggests that vicariant diversification is driving active processes of speciation and microendemism occurring within multiple microrefugia set within a wider matrix of unsuitable habitats.
Trends in 1,4‐Dioxane Analyses: Implications for Identification and Characterization of Contaminated Groundwater Sites
Authors: Adamson David T. , Uhlir Grayson , Rauch Sharon R. , Klein Tessa , Danko Anthony S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract1,4‐Dioxane is a contaminant of emerging concern, and there is significant uncertainty about how its environmental occurrence in groundwater is being assessed given the various analytical methods available. This study compiled public sampling records from 2000 to 2019 that included >106,000 analyses of 1,4‐dioxane from 822 different U.S. sites. The 1,4‐dioxane detection frequency in the entire dataset (including all methods) was 45%, and the median detected concentration was 10 μg/L, highlighting the dilute nature of 1,4‐dioxane in environmental media and the importance of selecting methods with adequate sensitivity. The annual distribution of samples analyzed by each method type confirmed a shift towards methods designed for semi‐volatile compounds (Method 8270 and Method 8270 SIM) that exhibited consistently lower reporting limits (median reporting limit for each year typically ≤1 μg/L). In contrast, the method designed for volatile compounds (Method 8260) exhibited less sensitivity for 1,4‐dioxane (median reporting limit per year between 40 and 100 μg/L) and its use declined significantly over time with increasing use of the moderately sensitive Method 8260 SIM in later years. This shift contributed to an increase in the 1,4‐dioxane detection frequency over time, with a strong correlation between the annual detection frequency and the median reporting limit. Sites where 1,4‐dioxane was analyzed but not detected overwhelmingly used less‐sensitive methods that may not have been adequate for the expected concentration levels. Given the sub‐μg/L groundwater criteria issued for 1,4‐dioxane by some regulatory agencies, more sensitive and accurate methods will be increasingly needed to assess compliance.
Aged care residents’ prioritization of care: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Ludlow Kristiana , Churruca Kate , Mumford Virginia , Ellis Louise A. , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundEliciting residents’ priorities for their care is fundamental to delivering person‐centred care in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). Prioritization involves ordering different aspects of care in relation to one another by level of importance. By understanding residents’ priorities, care can be tailored to residents’ needs while considering practical limitations of RACFs.ObjectivesTo investigate aged care residents’ prioritization of care.DesignA mixed‐methods study comprising Q methodology and qualitative methods.Setting and participantsThirty‐eight residents living in one of five Australian RACFs.MethodParticipants completed a card–sorting activity using Q methodology in which they ordered 34 aspects of care on a pre‐defined grid by level of importance. Data were analysed using inverted factor analysis to identify factors representing shared viewpoints. Participants also completed a think‐aloud task, demographic questionnaire, post‐sorting interview and semi‐structured interview. Inductive content analysis of qualitative data was conducted to interpret shared viewpoints and to identify influences on prioritization decision making.ResultsFour viewpoints on care prioritization were identified through Q methodology: Maintaining a sense of spirituality and self in residential care; information sharing and family involvement; self‐reliance; and timely access to staff member support. Across the participant sample, residents prioritized being treated with respect, the management of medical conditions, and their independence. Inductive content analysis revealed four influences on prioritization decisions: level of dependency; dynamic needs; indifference; and availability of staff.ConclusionsRecommendations for providing care that align with residents’ priorities include establishing open communication channels with residents, supporting residents’ independence and enforcing safer staffing ratios.
Petrogenetic implications and geochronology of middle Miocene Tannayama igneous rocks, Goto Islands, Japan Sea southern margin, northwestern Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Suda Yoshimitsu , Tani Kenichiro , Yamaguchi Miho , Kakubuchi Susumu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe subduction of “hot” Shikoku Basin and the mantle upwelling related to the Japan Sea opening have induced extensive magmatism during the middle Miocene on both the back‐arc and island‐arc sides of southwest Japan. The Goto Islands are located on the back‐arc side of northwestern Kyushu, and middle Miocene granitic rocks and associated volcanic, hypabyssal, and gabbroic rocks are exposed. The igneous rocks at Tannayama on Nakadori‐jima in the Goto Islands consist of gabbronorite, granite, granite porphyry, diorite porphyry, andesite, and rhyolite. We performed detailed geological mapping at a 1:10 000 scale, as well as petrographical and geochemical analyses. We also determined the zircon U–Pb age dating of the igneous rocks from Tannayama together with a granitic rock in Yagatamesaki. The zircon U–Pb ages of the Tannayama igneous rocks show the crystallization ages of 14.7 Ma ± 0.3 Ma (gabbronorite), 15.9 Ma ± 0.5 Ma (granite), 15.4 Ma ± 0.9 Ma (granite porphyry), and 15.1 Ma ± 2.1 Ma (rhyolite). Zircons from the Yagatamesaki granitic rock yield 14.5 Ma ± 0.7 Ma. Considering field relationships, new zircon data indicate that the Tannayama granite formed at ~16–15 Ma, and the gabbronorite, granite porphyry, diorite porphyry, andesite, and subsequently rhyolite formed at 15–14 Ma, which overlaps a plutonic activity of the Yagatamesaki. The geochemical characteristics of the Tannayama igneous rocks are similar to those of the tholeiitic basalts and dacites of Hirado, and the granitic rocks of Tsushima in northwestern Kyushu. This suggests that the Tannayama igneous rocks can be correlated petrogenetically with the igneous rocks in those areas, with all of them generated by the upwelling of hot mantle diapirs during crustal thinning in an extensional environment during the middle Miocene.
Virulent and multidrug‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical samples in Balochistan
Authors: Fatima Sareeen , Liaqat Faiza , Akbar Ali , Sahfee Muhammad , Samad Abdul , Anwar Muhammad , Iqbal Shazia , Khan Shabir Ahmad , Sadia Haleema , Makai Gul , Bahadur Anila , Naeem Wajeeha , Khan Adnan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen causing hospital‐acquired infections in human beings. Samples from suspected patients of K pneumoniae associated with respiratory and urinary tract infections were collected at Bolan Medical Complex, Quetta, Balochistan. Clinical samples (n = 107) of urine and sputum were collected and processed for K pneumoniae isolation using selective culture media. Initially, 30 of 107 isolates resembling Klebsiella spp. were processed for biochemical profiling and molecular detection using gyrase A (gyrA) gene for conformation. The K pneumoniae isolates were analysed for the presence of drug resistance and virulence genes in their genomes. The 21 of 107 (19.6%) isolates were finally confirmed as K pneumoniae pathogens. An antibiogram study conducted against 17 different antibiotics showed that a majority of the isolates are multidrug resistant. All the isolates (100%) were resistant to amoxicillin, cefixime, amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone followed by tetracycline (95.2%), ciprofloxacin and gentamicin (76.2%), sulphamethoxazol (66.7%), nalidixic acid (61.9%), norfloxacine (42.9%), piperacillin‐tazobactam (23.8%), cefoperazone‐sulbactam (19%), and cefotaxime‐clavulanic acid (33.3%), whereas all the isolates showed sensitivity to amikacin, chloramphenicol, and imipenem. The presence of tetracycline, sulphamethoxazol‐resistant genes, and extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase was reconfirmed using different specific genes. The presence of virulence genes fimH1 and EntB responsible for adherence and enterobactin production was confirmed in the isolates. The high virulence and drug resistance potential of these Klebsiella isolates are of high public health concern. Multidrug resistance and virulence potential in K. pneumoniae are converting these nosocomial pathogens into superbugs and making its management harder.
Why art matters: Artisticconsumer‐entrepreneurshipin subsistence marketplaces
Authors: Chakrabarti Ronika 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis reflective essay explores the role art can play in subsistence marketplaces, focusing particularly on its role in consumer‐entrepreneurship. Using informal field engagement in Mexico, Tanzania, and Native American tribes, in dialogue with the literature, it poses three questions as the basis for a research agenda: How can consumer‐entrepreneurs preserve art and heritage to sustain socioeconomic value? What transformative role does art play in subsistence marketplaces for the consumers and entrepreneurs involved? How can indigenous consumers and entrepreneurs protect their cultural identity and sovereignty through art? Directions for future research include the need to better understand the role of assemblages and intermediaries for artisan consumer‐entrepreneurs, an issue with evident policy implications. As indigenous and near‐indigenous societies seek identity, meaning, and cohesion in a turbulent world, art can preserve, transform, and assert.