bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Translational Machine: A novel machine‐learning approach to illuminate complex genetic architectures
Authors: Askland Kathleen D. , Strong David , Wright Marvin N. , Moore Jason H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Translational Machine (TM) is a machine learning (ML)‐based analytic pipeline that translates genotypic/variant call data into biologically contextualized features that richly characterize complex variant architectures and permit greater interpretability and biological replication. It also reduces potentially confounding effects of population substructure on outcome prediction. The TM consists of three main components. First, replicable but flexible feature engineering procedures translate genome‐scale data into biologically informative features that appropriately contextualize simple variant calls/genotypes within biological and functional contexts. Second, model‐free, nonparametric ML‐based feature filtering procedures empirically reduce dimensionality and noise of both original genotype calls and engineered features. Third, a powerful ML algorithm for feature selection is used to differentiate risk variant contributions across variant frequency and functional prediction spectra. The TM simultaneously evaluates potential contributions of variants operative under polygenic and heterogeneous models of genetic architecture. Our TM enables integration of biological information (e.g., genomic annotations) within conceptual frameworks akin to geneset‐/pathways‐based and collapsing methods, but overcomes some of these methods' limitations. The full TM pipeline is executed in R. Our approach and initial findings from its application to a whole‐exome schizophrenia case–control data set are presented. These TM procedures extend the findings of the primary investigation and yield novel results.
Out of Africa: A Solidarity‐Based Approach to Vaccine Allocation
Authors: Jecker Nancy , Atuire Caesar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article sets forth a solidaristic approach to global distribution of vaccines against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Our approach draws inspiration from African ethics and from the characterization of the Covid‐19 crisis as a syndemic, a convergence of biosocial forces that interact with one another to produce and exacerbate clinical disease and prognosis. The first section elaborates the twin ideas of syndemic and solidarity. The second section argues that these ideas lend support to global health alliances to distribute vaccines beyond national borders. The third section introduces ethical criteria to guide global distribution, emphasizing priority to low‐ and middle‐income countries, which have the least ability to obtain vaccines on their own. It also justifies giving priority to people at high risk of infection and high risk of severe disease and death.
Strained Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Tridentate Guanidine‐Derived Ligands
Authors: Wilkinson Eden‐Taylor , Viguri Fernando , Rodríguez Ricardo , López José A. , García‐Orduña Pilar , Lahoz Fernando J. , Lamata Pilar , Carmona Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe dimer [{(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl}2(μ‐Cl)2] (cymene=MeC6H4iPr) reacts with N,N′‐bis(p‐tolyl)‐N′′‐(2‐pyridinylmethyl)guanidine (H2L1) and N,N′‐bis(p‐tolyl)‐N′′‐(2‐diphenylphosphanoethyl)guanidine (H2L2), in the presence of NaSbF6, giving rise to chlorido compounds of formula [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl(H2L)][SbF6] (H2L=H2L1 (1), H2L2 (2)) in which the guanidine ligand adopts a κ2 chelate coordination mode. The related ligand (S)‐N,N′‐bis(p‐tolyl)‐N′′‐(1‐isopropyl, 2‐diphenylphosphano ethyl)guanidine (H2L3) affords mixtures of the corresponding chlorido compound [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl(H2L3)][SbF6] (3) together with the complexes [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl2(H3L3)][SbF6] (4) and [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(κ3N,N′,P‐HL3)][SbF6] (10) which contain phosphano‐guanidinium and phosphano‐guanidinate ions acting as monodentate and tridentate ligand, respectively. Compounds 1, 2 and mixture of 3/4/10 react with AgSbF6 rendering the cationic aqua‐complexes [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(H2L)(OH2)][SbF6]2 (H2L=H2L1 (5), H2L2 (6), H2L3 (7)). These aqua‐complexes exhibit a temperature‐dependent fluxional process in solution. Experimental NMR studies and DFT theoretical calculations on complex 6 suggest that the process involves the exchange between two rotamers around one of the C−N guanidine bonds. Treatment of 5–7 with NaHCO3 renders the complexes [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(κ3N,N′,N′′‐HL1)][SbF6] (8) and [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(κ3N,N′,P‐HL)][SbF6] (HL=HL2 (9), HL3 (10)), respectively, in which the HL ligand adopts a fac κ3 coordination mode. The new complexes have been characterized by analytical and spectroscopic means, including the determination of the crystal structures of the compounds 1, 2, 5, 9 and 10, by X‐ray diffractometric methods.
Rare lymphomas in routine practice – Treatment and outcome in marginal zone lymphoma in the prospective German Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms
Authors: Knauf Wolfgang , Abenhardt Wolfgang , Koenigsmann Michael , Maintz Christoph , Sandner Reiner , Zahn Mark‐Oliver , Schnell Roland , Tech Susanne , Kaiser‐Osterhues Anja , Houet Leonora , Marschner Norbert ,   the TLN‐Group (Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms)
Published: May 2021

AbstractOwing to its heterogeneity and rarity, management of disseminated marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (MZL) remains largely understudied. We present prospective data on choice of systemic treatment and survival of patients with MZL treated in German routine practice. Of 175 patients with MZL who had been documented in the prospective clinical cohort study Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms (NCT00889798) collecting data on systemic treatment, 58 were classified as extranodal MZL of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and 117 as non‐MALT MZL. We analyzed the most commonly used first‐line and second‐line chemo(immuno)therapies between 2009 and 2016 and examined objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors for survival. Compared to patients with MALT MZL, those with non‐MALT MZL more often presented with bone marrow involvement (43% vs. 14%), Ann Arbor stage III/IV (72% vs. 57%) and were slightly less often in good general condition (ECOG = 0; 41% vs. 47%). In German routine practice, rituximab‐bendamustine for a median of 6 cycles was the most frequently used first‐line (76%) and second‐line treatment (36%), with no major differences between MZL subtypes. The ORR for patients encompassing any positive response was 81%. For patients with MALT and non‐MALT MZL, respectively, 5‐years PFS was 69% (95% CI 52%–81%) and 66% (95% CI 56%–75%), 5‐years OS 79% (95% CI 65%–89%) and 75% (95% CI 66%–83%). Cox proportional hazards models showed a significantly increased risk of mortality for higher age in all patient groups. Our prospective real world data give valuable insights into the management and outcome of non‐selected patients with MZL requiring systemic treatment and can help optimize therapy recommendations.
Estimation of novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) reproduction number and case fatality rate: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ahammed Tanvir , Anjum Aniqua , Rahman Mohammad Meshbahur , Haider Najmul , Kock Richard , Uddin Md Jamal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsRealizing the transmission potential and the magnitude of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) aids public health monitoring, strategies, and preparation. Two fundamental parameters, the basic reproduction number (R0) and case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID‐19, help in this understanding process. The objective of this study was to estimate the R0 and CFR of COVID‐19 and assess whether the parameters vary in different regions of the world.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review to find the reported estimates of the R0 and the CFR in articles from international databases between January 1 and August 31, 2020. Random‐effect models and Forest plots were implemented to evaluate the mean effect size of R0 and the CFR. Furthermore, R0 and CFR of the studies were quantified based on geographic location, the tests/thousand population, and the median population age of the countries where the studies were conducted. To assess statistical heterogeneity among the selected articles, the I2 statistic and the Cochran's Q test were used.ResultsForty‐five studies involving R0 and 34 studies involving CFR were included. The pooled estimation of R0 was 2.69 (95% CI: 2.40, 2.98), and that of the CFR was 2.67 (2.25, 3.13). The CFR in different regions of the world varied significantly, from 2.49 (2.08, 2.94) in Asia to 3.40 (2.81, 4.04) in North America. We observed higher mean CFR values for the countries with lower tests (3.15 vs 2.16) and greater median population age (3.13 vs 2.27). However, R0 did not vary significantly in different regions of the world.ConclusionsAn R0 of 2.69 and a CFR of 2.67 indicate the severity of the COVID‐19. Although R0 and CFR may vary over time, space, and demographics, we recommend considering these figures in control and prevention measures.
Numerical analysis of an MHD flow in fuzzy environment in presence of induced magnetic field
Authors: Hazarika Gopal Chandra , Dutta Palash , Borah Joydeep 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDue to the uncertain behavior of real‐life problems, fuzzification is one of the most suitable ways to find the interval at which the problems show their accurate results. Various imprecise parameters and conditions make the fluid flow problems more uncertain. Here, we try to solve a boundary value problem of fluid mechanics numerically using fuzzy conditions. The fuzzified governing partial differential equations along with the fuzzified boundary conditions are solved by finite difference method using Python (an object‐oriented programming language). The values of the parameters and the boundary conditions are taken as triangular fuzzy numbers. ‐cut technique is used to find the results and they are presented graphically for various values of and the involved parameters.
Adiponectin predicts poor response to antidepressant drugs in major depressive disorder
Authors: Benedetti Francesco , Branchi Igor , Poletti Sara , Lorenzi Cristina , Bigai Giorgia , Colombo Cristina , Zanardi Raffaella 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveProduced by adipocytes, adiponectin crosses the blood‐brain barrier to bind with specific receptors in the hypothalamus, brainstem, hippocampus, and cortex. In patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), circulating levels of adiponectin inversely related with antidepressant response to ketamine, and predicted a better response to multi‐target drug combinations than to escitalopram. We investigated the effect of adiponectin on response to antidepressants in a naturalistic setting.MethodsWe assessed baseline plasma levels of adiponectin in 121 MDD inpatients, treated with antidepressant drug monotherapy based on clinical need (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine, duloxetine) in a specialized hospital setting. Severity of depression was weekly assessed with Hamilton scale ratings.ResultsAdiponectin plasma levels were higher in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls, and negatively influenced the pattern of antidepressant response (higher baseline levels, worse response) independent of the drug class and of the baseline severity of depression, and of age, sex, and body mass index.ConclusionsThe identification of adiponectin as a predictor of antidepressant response to drugs of different mechanism of action, such as ketamine, SSRIs, and SNRIs, and both in experimental and in clinical settings, warrants interest for further study of its pathways to search for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
lncRNA Mirt2 upregulates miR‐1246 through methylation to suppress LPS‐induced lung cell apoptosis
Authors: Xu Xuwen , Xu Yuyuan , Tao Xin , Liang Guangyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionLong noncoding RNA Mirt2 has been proven to be a suppressor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (a key player in sepsis)‐induced inflammation responses. Therefore, Mirt2 may also participate in sepsis. This study was carried out to analyze the interactions between Mirt2 and microRNA‐1246 (miR‐1246) in sepsis, with a specific focus on sepsis‐induced acute lung injury (sepsis‐ALI).MethodsForty sepsis patients (sepsis group; 23 males and 17 females; 40–65 years, 48.6 ± 6.3 years), 40 sepsis patients with acute lung injury (sepsis‐ALI group, 23 males and 17 females; 40–65 years, 48.7 ± 6.4 years), and 40 healthy controls (control group, 23 males and 17 females; 40–65 years, 48.6 ± 6.1 years) were included. Mirt2 and miR‐1246 expression in plasma samples from these patients were determined by a reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Overexpression of Mirt2 and miR‐1246 was achieved in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) to explore the interaction between them. The effects of Mirt2 overexpression on miR‐1246 methylation were analyzed by methylation‐specific PCR. Cell apoptosis analysis was performed to analyze the role of Mirt2 and miR‐1246 in the apoptosis of HBEpCs.ResultsMirt2 expression was downregulated in sepsis and was further downregulated in patients with sepsis‐ALI. Mirt2 and miR‐1246 found to be positively correlated. Downregulation of Mirt2 and miR‐1246 was observed in HBEpCs with LPS treatment. In HBEpCs, Mirt2 overexpression increased miR‐1246 expression but decreased its gene methylation. Cell apoptosis analysis showed that Mirt2 and miR‐1246 negatively regulated the apoptosis of HBEpCs induced by LPS. In addition, miR‐1246 inhibition reduced the inhibitory effects of Mirt2 overexpression on cell apoptosis.ConclusionsMirt2 may upregulate miR‐1246 through methylation to suppress lung cell apoptosis.
Inhibitory effect of HTLV‐1 infection on the production of B‐cell activating factors in established follicular dendritic cell‐like cells
Authors: Takatani Ayuko , Nakamura Hideki , Furukawa Kaori , Endo Yushiro , Umeda Masataka , Shimizu Toshimasa , Nishihata Shin‐ya , Kitaoka Kyoko , Nakamura Tatsufumi , Kawakami Atsushi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe low frequency of ectopic germinal center in labial salivary glands of patients with human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) antibody‐positive Sjögren's syndrome (SS) suggests that HTLV‐1 has some effects on follicular dendritic cells (FDCs).MethodsWe used flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to investigate the direct effect of HTLV‐1 on B‐cell activating factors produced by established FDC like cells obtained from excised human tonsils. We then measured the serum B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) and C‐X‐C motif ligand (CXCL) 13 concentrations of the HTLV‐1‐seropositive SS patients and the HTLV‐1‐seronegative SS patients by ELISA.ResultsAmong the 31 isolated specimens, 22 showed morphological characteristics of FDCs. Day 2‐cultured specimens showed expressions of CD14, CD23, CD40, intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1. After 2 weeks, 12 of these specimens expressed ICAM‐1, FDC, and fibroblast cell marker. Intracellular BAFF and CXCL13 were constitutively expressed regardless of stimulation. After direct coculture with the HTLV‐1‐infected T‐cell line HCT‐5 or MT‐2, the BAFF and CXCL13 expressions on the FDC‐like cells were decreased in accord with the increased number of HCT‐5 and MT‐2 cells with styliform change and without HTLV‐1 Gag protein expression. Interferons upregulated the concentration of BAFF (but not CXCL13) in the culture supernatant, which showed a declining trend under the presence of HCT‐5 or MT‐2. The serum concentrations of BAFF and CXCL13 in the HTLV‐1‐seropositive SS patients were lower than those of the HTLV‐1 seronegative SS patients.ConclusionsHTLV‐1 partially inhibited the BAFF and CXCL13 expressions of established FDC‐like cells.
Development and evaluation of 1‐deoxynojirimycin sustained‐release delivery system: In vitro and in vivo characterization studies
Authors: Chen Yu‐si , Jiang Xue , Sun Yi‐yang , Zhang Sai‐ya , Li Ke , Chen Wen‐bo , Liu Yan‐qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe aimed to establish a 1‐Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) sustained‐release delivery system to improve the hypoglycemic effect of DNJ. We used a transdermal diffusion meter in an in vitro orthogonal experiment to determine the optimal composition of the DNJ sustained‐release transdermal system. Based on the in vitro analysis results, a sustained‐release patch was prepared, and its pharmacokinetics and other properties were determined in vivo. The results showed that 30% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (K100M), 14% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and 26% oleic acid‐azone compound as the matrix material, drug excipient, and penetration enhancer, respectively, produced an optimal DNJ sustained‐release delivery system. In vitro release tests showed that the system slowly released DNJ within 12 hr, conforming to the Higuchi equation. In vivo experiments showed that the prepared patch had good hypoglycemic activity and continuously released DNJ within 10 hr. In vivo pharmacokinetic study results showed that compared to conventional patches, the prepared patch exhibited significantly different maximum concentration (Cmax), time to achieve Cmax (Tmax), and area under the curve from 0 to time t (AUC[0‐t]) as well as improved pharmacokinetics. In conclusion, the prepared DNJ patch has high stability, a sustained‐release effect, and relatively good pharmacokinetics and is a safe dosage form that does not cause skin irritation.
The impact of delayed and immediate adverse events on the intention of future donations in whole blood and plateletpheresis donors
Authors: Gupta Abhaykumar Malind , Bajpai Meenu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdverse donor events (ADEs) are usually mild and short‐term with no sequelae, but may cause disinclination toward future donations.AimsTo determine the impact of delayed ADEs (D‐ADEs) in addition to immediate ADEs (I‐ADEs) on the intention of future donations (IFDs) and to analyze the various associated factors.MethodsADEs were categorized following the ISBT working group on donor vigilance. Telephonic interviews of the donors were conducted 2 weeks after the whole blood (WB) and plateletpheresis donation to inquire about D‐ADEs and IFDs.ResultsA total of 3514 WB and 531 plateletpheresis donors were included in the study. WB donors had an overall higher IFD as compared to plateletpheresis donors (89.53% vs 57.06%, P < .001). A higher IFD was observed in male WB donors as compared to female WB donors (89.95% vs 75%, P < .001). Repeat WB donors had a higher IFD as compared with first‐time donors (93.66% vs 81.37%, P < .001). A total of 13.7% WB donors and 19.2% plateletpheresis donors reported D‐ADEs. WB donors who experienced D‐ADEs had a significantly lower IFD (78.38% vs 91.63%, P < .001) as compared with donors without any ADEs; a similar trend was observed in donors who experienced I‐ADEs (69.90% vs 91.63%, P < .001). In WB donors, systemic D‐ADEs such as fatigue had a more negative impact on IFDs as compared with localized D‐ADEs such as bruises (63.93% vs 86.83%, P < .001).ConclusionsBoth D‐ADEs and I‐ADEs negatively impact donors' intention to donate again. Systemic D‐ADEs had a more negative impact on IFDs as compared with localized D‐ADEs.
The utility of therapeutic plasma exchange in Hyperviscosity syndrome associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: A case report
Authors: Green Allen P. , Gonzalez Adam C. , Alperin Jack B. , Burner James D. , Yates Sean G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is a life‐threatening syndrome caused by high concentrations of large plasma proteins like IgM, rheumatoid factor, and other immune complexes, leading to increased blood viscosity and symptoms such as visual abnormalities, neurological impairment, bleeding diathesis, and thrombosis. While Waldenström's macroglobulinemia accounts for 80% to 90% of cases, HVS may develop in other clinical settings characterized by elevations in plasma proteins. Limited evidence currently exists describing the safety and efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for the management of HVS secondary to non‐neoplastic conditions. We report a case of recurrent HVS associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and Felty syndrome that demonstrated improvement in clinical symptoms following initiation of TPE. These findings suggest that TPE may be utilized as an adjunct treatment option in patients with HVS secondary to autoimmune disorders.
Small Latin arrays have a near transversal
Authors: Best Darcy , Pula Kyle , Wanless Ian M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA Latin array is a matrix of symbols in which no symbol occurs more than once within a row or within a column. A diagonal of an n × n array is a selection of cells taken from different rows and columns of the array. The weight of a diagonal is the number of different symbols on it. We show via computation that every Latin array of order has a diagonal of weight at least . A corollary is the existence of near transversals in Latin squares of these orders. More generally, for all we compute a lower bound on the order of any Latin array that does not have a diagonal of weight at least .
A novel WT1 gene mutation in a chinese girl with denys‐drash syndrome
Authors: Wang Faliang , Cai Jiabin , Wang Jinhu , He Min , Mao Junqing , Zhu Kun , Zhao Manli , Guan Zhonghai , Li Linjie , Jin Hongchuan , Shu Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveDenys‐Drash syndrome (DDS) is defined by the triad of Wilms tumor, nephrotic syndrome, and/or ambiguous genitalia. Genetic testing may help identify new gene mutation sites and play an important role in clinical decision‐making.MethodsWe present a patient with an XY karyotype and female appearance, nephropathy, and Wilms tumor in the right kidney. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells according to standard protocols. “Next‐generation” sequencing (NGS) was performed to identify novel variants. The variant was analyzed with Mutation Taster, and its function was explored by a cell growth inhibition assay.ResultsWe found the first case of Denys‐Drash syndrome with the uncommon missense mutation (c.1420C>T, p.His474 Tyr) in theWT1gene. In silico analysis, the variant was predicted “disease‐causing” by Mutation Taster. The mutated variant showed a weaker effect in inhibiting tumor cells than wild‐typeWT1.ConclusionsThe uncommon missense mutation (c.1420C>T, p.His474 Tyr) in theWT1gene may be a crucial marker in DDS.