bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RURAL TOURISM AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING THE RURAL ECONOMY OF THE REGION
Authors: Kalugina N. A. , Moldazhanov M. B. , Purichi V. V. 
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the development of rural tourism. Attention is drawn to the forms and methods of promoting services in this sphere of tourism, which is especially important during a period of growing relevance of domestic tourism and a change in the paradigm of recreation. The authors point out that the promotion of rural tourism should be associated not only with the search for technical methods of promotion, but also with a change in the socio-cultural paradigm of perception of rural tourism as a sphere of organization of recreation and recreation.
The authors attach great importance to rural tourism as a business sector capable of exerting a positive influence on the rural economy in the conditions of a general crisis in rural areas and the degradation of rural settlements. Today as never before conservation of rural space as economically active and socially sustainable is the most important task.
This is especially true for the Altai Territory. The agrarian-industrial region is experiencing serious economic and social problems related both to changes in the structure of the regional economy and degradation of rural areas. One of the tools tactive for optimizing the state of rural areas in the Altai Region can be rural tourism, which is actively developing and requires high attention from both science and government agencies, the sphere of activity.
Assessment of Nigerian Newspapers’ Reportage of Violence against Children: Case Study of Daily Sun and Punch National Newspapers
Authors: Nkwam-Uwaoma Adeline .O. , Ndukwu Mishack 
Published: January 2021

Traditionally, child rearing in Nigeria closely reflects the “spare the rod and spoil the child” maxim and as such spanking, flogging, slapping, beating and evening starving a child as a form of punishment for wrong doing and as a method of behavior modification are common. These are not necessarily considered as maltreatment or abuse of the child. Despite the adoption and implementation of the Child Rights Act in Nigeria, violence against children seems to be on a steady increase. Stories of sexual molestation, rape, child labour, infliction of physical injuries and use of children for rituals by parents, guardians and other members of the society abound. Violence against children is considered as those acts by other persons especially adults that undermine and threaten the healthy life and existence of children or those that violet their rights as humans. In Nigeria newspapers are a major source of News, second only to radio and television in coverage, currency and content. National dailies are newspapers with daily publications and national spread or coverage. This study analyzed the frequency, length, prominence level, direction and sources of information reported on violence against children in the selected national daily newspapers. It then provided information on the role of the newspapers in Nigeria in the fight against child violence and public awareness of the impact of violence against children on development of the nation and the attempts to curtail such violence. The composite week sampling technique in which the four weeks of the month are reduced to one and a sample is randomly selected from each day of the week was used. As such 168 editions of Daily Sun and Punch newspapers published from January to December of 2016 were selected. Data were collected using code sheet and analyzed via content analysis. The result showed that the frequency of the newspapers’ reportage of violence against children in Nigeria was low. Again, it was found that the length or space given to reports on violence against children was inadequate, the direction of the few reports on violence against children was in favor of the course or fight against child violence and these newspapers gave no prominence to reports on violence against children. Finally, it was found that major source of news about violence against children was through journalism; government and individual sources provided only minimal information.
Adeline Nkwam-Uwaoma and Mishack Ndukwu

Keywords – children, Newspapers Reportage, Nigeria, Violence

Nkwam-Uwaoma is with the Department of Mass Communication , Imo State University, P.M.B. 200 Owerri , Nigeria (corresponding author, phone +2348035414973; email: nkwamuwaomaadline@yahoo.com )
Ndukwu is with Imo State University, P.M.B. 2020 Owerri, Nigeria (email: mishack.cj@gmail.com ).
Social housing for urban households sheltering children responsible for the "kuluna" and "black babies" phenomena in Congo Brazzaville.
Authors: Ndongo Alain Symphorien 
Published: January 2021

Housing as a place where household members spend about half (12 hours) of their daily time, including six to eight hours in sleep, is one of the essential conditions in the fight against poverty and precariousness. The current Congolese urban environment is facing serious problems: small plots of land, lack of suitable housing in relation to the size and composition of households, overcrowding, and water and electricity supplies. This situation is becoming critical with the appearance of deviant behavior among children aged between 10 and 30. The government and its development partners have demonstrated their powerlessness face to this situation, leaving thousands of children on the streets without education or family warmth to form real criminal gangs. These street children have created the phenomena of "kuluna" and "black babies". It has been shown that these one act in this way for their survival, claiming their rights. In this study, we find innovative proposals to provide households sheltering adulterine and adoptive children with low-cost social housing, in order to restore the image of the head of the household and provide the children with a pleasant space for their physical, economic, cultural and spiritual development. This will undoubtedly help to find solutions to the problems facing children and indeed Congolese society as a whole today. The study revealed that if the government does not take practical measures in response to the phenomena created by wayward children, especially "black babies" and "kuluna", there will be a massive adherence of other children, especially the adulterine and adoptive ones. There will be a risk of the phenomena will to be exported to rural areas. The study recommends a "State - Household" partnership in the manufacture of new types of urban housing for households housing children likely to integrate or create gangs, jeopardizing social order and public security.
Experimental investigation on steam/nitrogen condensation characteristics inside horizontal enhanced condensation channels
Authors: Wen Jianjun , Zheng Dan , Li Yike , Chen Zhanxiu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to investigate heat transfer characteristics of steam/nitrogen condensation inside horizontal enhanced condensation channels (HECCs), experiments have been performed, respectively, inside HECC and horizontal circular channel (HCC). HECC is formed by inserting different reinforcers into HCC including horizontal multi-start straight channels (HMSSCs) and horizontal spiral channels (HSCs). Effects of nitrogen mass fractions on average condensation heat transfer coefficients (CHTCs), average outlet condensate mass flowrates (CMFRs), and average steam-side pressure drops (SSPDs) are analyzed, respectively. The results indicate that HECC has better condensation performance than HCC under the same conditions, while average SSPDs of HECC will increase slightly. Then, HMSSC is compared against HCC, and enhancement factors of average CHTCs and average outlet CMFRs are about 1.45 and 1.12, respectively, while the enlargement factor of average SSPDs is about 1.16. Similarly, HSC is compared against HCC, and enhancement factors of average CHTCs and average outlet CMFRs are about 1.25 and 1.05, respectively, while the enlargement factor of average SSPDs is about 1.12.
Investigation on thermal-hydraulic performance prediction of a new parallel-flow shell and tube heat exchanger with different surrogate models
Authors: Fu Xinghua , Wang Youqiang , Yu Chulin , Zhang Haiqing , Wang Jin , Gao Bingjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The thermal-hydraulic performance of a new parallel-flow shell and tube heat exchanger (STHX) with equilateral cross-sectioned wire coil (HCBetwc-STHX) is investigated in turbulent regime. Four different surrogate models are established to predict the thermal-hydraulic performance. Their merits and drawbacks are illustrated. The results show that the Nuetwc/NuRRB and f
etwc/f
RRB are in the range of 1.1638–1.855 and 4.078–16.062, respectively. The precision of CFM is the lowest, whereas the precision of radial basis function + artificial neural network and Kriging model is the highest. A good balance can be achieved by response surface methodology between precision and cost. Finally, a general analysis procedure is presented for the predicting method of thermal-hydraulic performance of different STHX with relatively small cost and high precision.
Sports Injuries in Club-Based Adolescent Male Players: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Islam Md. Rafiqul , Akter Nure , Kamrujjaman Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Background and purposes:
Adolescent age is more vulnerable compared with an adult for a sports injury. Several sports-related factors are responsible for the injury. The purpose of the study is to explore sports injuries among club-based adolescent male players.
Methods:
The Cross-sectional study design was applied at different residence clubs in Dhaka city. A 201 male adolescent player age range 11-19 years with different categories included in this study. A self-structured questionnaire was developed, in which data were collected by face to face interview with the assistance of physiotherapist, coaches and trainers. Sports injury severity was graded and ranging by the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). Data analysis was operated with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20) and P-value employed as the level of significance (<0.05).
Results:
Results indicated that the prevalence of sports injury was extremely high among Dhaka-based club adolescent male players. Injuries among cricket players were substantially high compared to other category sports. Some factors like warm-up training and BMI were the key causes of these injuries. Shoulder, hip/thigh, knee/legs and spine were the common prevalent sites of injury recorded in this study. Most of the injuries initiated as a moderate level of severity. There was a significant association to sports injury with BMI (p-value 0.004<0.05) and warm-up training (p-value 0.007<0.05). However, there was a highly significant relation found of sports injury with age (0.000<0.05) and types of play (0.000<0.05).
Conclusion:
Sports injuries are remarkably high in Dhaka-based club adolescent male players. BMI and warm-up training are the key factors for the injury. Injury awareness and proper fitness training may help to minimize the injury.
Factors Affecting The Length Of Stay In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis In Palliative Care
Authors: SARIÇAM Gülhan 
Published: January 2021

Aim: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that progresses with the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of demographic characteristics and symptoms of patients hospitalized in our palliative care center (PCC) with ALS on length of stay (LOS).

Materials and Methods: 47 patients were included in this retrospective study. The ages, sexes, diagnosis times, LOS in PCC, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), tracheostomy, pressure ulcer (PU), discharge conditions and symptoms of the patients included in the study were compared. The diagnosis of insomnia and depression were made using the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS).
Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.55 years; the average length of stay was 50.55 days. All patients had a tracheostomy, 95.7% had PEG, and 55.3% had PU. 66% of the patients had insomnia, 61.7% had depression and all had pain, and the discharge status of 21.3% was exitus. We found that the length of stay was significantly longer in patients with symptoms of depression and insomnia among the patients we followed up in PCC. (p=0.049, p=0.014)
Conclusions: Diagnosis and treatment of symptoms such as depression, insomnia and pain in patients with ALS who are followed up in palliative care should be timely and adequate support should be provided. We think that early access to PC, timely recognition of symptoms and good management of patients diagnosed with ALS will increase the quality of life of patients.
Stimulator of Skarzynski’s Polimodal
Sensory Perception in the rehabilitation of
children with auditory processing disorders
- analysis of research results on the material
of the Subcarpatian Center of Hearing
and Speech „Medincus” in Rzeszów
Authors: Sobańska Julita , Szuber Dorota , Skarżyński Piotr 
Published: January 2021

WstępNa właściwe rozumienie i nadawanie mowy wpływa nie tylko dobre słyszenie, lecz także uważne słuchanie i przetwarzanie
słuchowe dźwięków. Słuchanie to – w odróżnieniu od słyszenia – zdolność człowieka polegająca na mobilizowaniu się, aby słyszeć.
Zaburzenia percepcji słuchowej mogą utrudniać dostęp do informacji dźwiękowej, zakłócać rozwój mowy i w konsekwencji negatywnie wpływać na funkcjonowanie dziecka w szkole. W rehabilitacji zaburzeń przetwarzania słuchowego czynności uwagi stymuluje się m.in. poprzez terapię słuchową.CelCelem pracy jest porównanie wyników badań funkcji przetwarzania słuchowego – przed terapią i po terapii słuchowej Stymulatorem Polimodalnej Percepcji Sensorycznej Skarżyńskiego (SPPS-S) – grupy pacjentów Podkarpackiego Centrum Słuchu i Mowy
„Medincus” w Rzeszowie, u których zdiagnozowano zaburzenia przetwarzania słuchowegoMateriał i metodyBadaną grupę stanowiło 25 dzieci (20 chłopców i 5 dziewczynek) w wieku od 7 do 12 roku życia. Proces diagnostyczny składał się z wywiadu z rodzicem, badań audiologicznych oraz testów oceniających wyższe funkcje słuchowe. Do programowania terapii SPPS-S zastosowano wyniki: testu sekwencji częstotliwości dźwięku (FPT), testu sekwencji długości dźwięków (DPT)
oraz testu rozdzielnousznego cyfrowego (DDT).WynikiBadane dzieci we wszystkich testach uzyskały znacząco lepsze wyniki po terapii SPPS-S w porównaniu do wyników przed
terapią. Największą poprawę, bo aż 40,5%, odnotowano w wynikach testu FPT. W teście DPT wyniki badanej grupy poprawiły się o 34%, w teście DDT UL o 14,3%, a UP o 13,8%. Po terapii słuchowej dzieci lepiej identyfikowały, rozpoznawały i rozróżniały docierające do nich dźwięki.WnioskiBadania potwierdziły skuteczność proponowanej terapii słuchowej SPPS-S. Polimodalne stymulowanie uwagi jest efektywnym treningiem funkcji słuchowych. Grupa badanych dzieci może odnieść znaczne korzyści z uczestnictwa w terapii słuchowej modyfikującej podstawowe mechanizmy słuchowe, które warunkują procesy poznawcze, takie jak: rozumienie mowy, uczenie się i pamięć
Evaluation of Six Weekly Oral Fecal Microbiota Transplants in People with HIV
Authors: Utay Netanya Sandler , Monczor Ana N. , Somasunderam Anoma , Lupo Sofia , Jiang Zhi-Dong , Alexander Ashley S. , Finkelman Malcolm , Vigil Karen J. , Lake Jordan E. , Hanson Blake , DuPont Herbert L. , Arduino Roberto C. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Reduced microbiota diversity (dysbiosis) in people with HIV (PWH) likely contributes to inflammation, a driver of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of 6 weekly oral fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) administered to reverse this dysbiosis.Methods: Six PWH on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) received 6 weekly doses of lyophilized fecal microbiota product from healthy donors. Shotgun sequencing on stool before, after last FMT, and 20 weeks thereafter was performed. Inflammation and gut permeability biomarkers were measured.Results: Median age at week 0 was 39 years, CD4+ T cell count 496 cells/mm3, HIV RNA levels <20 copies/mL. FMT was safe and well-tolerated. Alpha diversity increased in 4 participants from weeks 0 to 6, including the 3 with the lowest alpha diversity at week 0. At week 26, alpha diversity more closely resembled week 0 than week 6 in these 4 participants. Metagenomic analysis showed no consistent changes across all participants. One participant had high gut permeability and inflammation biomarker levels and low alpha diversity that improved between weeks 0 and 6 with a shift in distribution.Conclusions: Weekly FMT was safe and well-tolerated. Alpha diversity increased in participants with the lowest baseline alpha diversity during the treatment period. Future randomized, controlled trials of FMT should consider evaluating PWH with greater inflammation, gut damage, or dysbiosis as this population may be most likely to show a significant response.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03329560
Analisis Butir Soal Keterampilan Proses Sains Pada Instrumen Uji Coba Materi Ekosistem
Authors: Nurfauziah Wianda - , Windyariani Sistiana - 
Published: January 2021

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kualitas butir soal keterampilan proses sains pada materi ekosistem. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian lapangan secara <em>online</em> melalui pendekatan deskriptif. Beberapa uji yang dilakukan di antaranya uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji tingkat kesukaran, dan daya pembeda. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 4 Kota Sukabumi. Populasi dari penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas XI IPA. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara <em>purposive sampling</em>. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas XI IPA 3 yang berjumlah 35 orang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kualitas butir soal dari tingkat validitas soal, persentase soal valid sebesar 63% dan yang tidak valid sebesar 37%. Hasil uji reliabilitas soal dengan menggunakan program AnatesV4 dan taraf signifikan 5% dengan jumlah N = 35 diperoleh nilai r<sub>tabel</sub> = 0,334, sedangkan r<sub>hitung </sub>= 0,76. Karena r<sub>hitung </sub>0,76 &gt; r<sub>tabel</sub> 0,334, maka Instrumen yang digunakan bersifat reliabel. Adapun tingkat kesukaran soal menunjukkan bahwa 70,3% soal berada pada kategori sedang, dan 51,2% memiliki daya pembeda dengan kategori baik atau sangat baik. Hasil analisis butir soal ini mengindikasikan bahwa soal keterampilan proses dikategorikan sudah valid dan reliabel serta dapat digunakan untuk penelitian selanjutnya.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTARCT</em></strong></p><p><em>This study aims to describe the quality of the item science process skills in the material ecosystem. This type of research is online field research through a descriptive approach. Some tests include validity, reliability, difficulty, and differentiation. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 4 Sukabumi City. The population of this research is the students of class XI Science. Sampling in this study was conducted by purposive sampling. The sample in this study were 35 students of class XI Science 3. The analysis shows that the quality of the items from the level of validity of the questions, the percentage of valid questions was 63% and the invalid ones were 37%. The reliability test results using the AnatesV4 program and a significant level of 5% with the number N = 35 obtained rtable = 0.334, while rcount = 0.76. Because r count 0.76&gt; r table 0.334, the instrument used is reliable. Then in terms of the level of difficulty, that at a percentage of 70.3% (29) the most difficult category is in the medium category. And in terms of distinguishing power, obtained a percentage of 51.2% which is a good or very good category relative to a very large percentage. In conclusion, questions that are valid and reliable can already be used for further research.</em></p>
Teams Games and Tournament (TGT) Berbasis Outdoor Study untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Argumentasi Siswa pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan
Authors: Fauziah Hanin Niswatul 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh <em>Teams Games and Tournament</em> (TGT) berbasis <em>outdoor study </em>terhadap kemampuan argumentasi siswa kelas VII di MTs Negeri 3 Pacitan<em>.</em> Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain <em>Nonequivalent Control Group Design. </em>Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kelas VII B (eksperimen) dan kelas VII A (kontrol) dengan jumlah 64 peserta didik. Pengambilan data dengan cara membagikan soal essay kepada peserta didik sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi model pembelajaran <em>Teams Games and Tournament</em> (TGT) berbasis <em>outdoor study</em>. Data dianalisis dengan uji-<em>t </em>menggunakan <em>software</em> Minitab. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa nilai <em>P-Value </em>sebesar 0,000. Karena nilai <em>P-Value </em> kurang dari 0,05 maka Ho ditolak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan argumentasi peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran <em>Teams Games and Tournament</em> (TGT) berbasis <em>outdoor study</em> dengan kemampuan argumentasi peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional
Analysis of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in Group B Streptococcus from clinical samples
Authors: Mudzana Raymond , Mavenyengwa Rooyen T , Gudza-Mugabe Muchaneta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Streptococcus agalacticae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is one of the most important causative agents of serious infections among neonates. This study was carried out to identify antibiotic resistance and virulence genes associated with GBS isolated from pregnant women.Methods: A total of 43 GBS isolates were obtained from 420 vaginal samples collected from HIV positive and negative women who were 13-35 weeks pregnant attending Antenatal Care at Chitungwiza and Harare Central Hospitals in Zimbabwe. Identification tests of GBS isolates was done using standard bacteriological methods and molecular identification testing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer method and E-test strips. The boiling method was used to extract DNA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to screen for 13 genes. Data was fed into SPSS 24.0.Results: Nine distinct virulence gene profiles were identified and hly-scpB-bca-rib 37.2% (16/43) was common. The virulence genes identified were namely hly 97.8% (42/43), scpB 90.1% (39/43), bca 86.0% (37/43), rib 69.8% (30/43) and bac 11.6% (5/43). High resistance to tetracycline 97.7% (42/43) was reported followed by 72.1% (31/43) cefazolin, 69.8% (30/43) penicillin G, 58.1% (25/43) ampicillin, 55.8% (24/43) clindamycin, 46.5% (20/43) ceftriaxone, 34.9% (15/43) chloramphenicol, and 30.2% (13/43) for both erythromycin and vancomycin using disk diffusion. Antibiotic resistance genes among the resistant and intermediate-resistant isolates showed high frequencies for tetM 97.6% (41/42) and low frequencies for ermB 34.5% (10/29), ermTR 10.3% (3/29), mefA 3.4% (1/29), tetO 2.4% (1/42) and linB 0% (0/35). The atr housekeeping gene yielded 100% (43/43) positive results, whilst the mobile genetic element IS1548 yielded 9.3% (4/43).Conclusion: The study showed high prevalence of hly, scpB, bca and rib virulence genes in S. agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women. Tetracycline resistance was predominantly caused by the tetM gene, whilst macrolide resistance was predominantly due to the presence of erm methylase, with the ermB gene being more prevalent. Multi-drug resistance coupled with the recovery of resistant isolates to antimicrobial agents such as penicillins indicates the importance of GBS surveillance and susceptibility tests. It was also observed that in vitro phenotypic resistance is not always accurately predicted by resistance genotypes.