bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized Shale Resource Development: Balance Between Technology and Economic Considerations
Authors: Ahmed U. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Shale resource development technology is being improved and optimized over the last decade as the industry has seen a sharp rise in production and IP rates in North America and most recently from Europe and Australia while initial activities are on the rise in Latin America, Middle East and China. Despite such improvements, if one takes a closer look at the performance of the wells, one will find that not all wells are producing commercially and for that matter even wells that are producing commercially not all hydraulic fracture stages are contributing. This scenario is further compounded with the fact that unconventional resource development has a narrow profit margin for the E&P operators and in turn for the service industry. The industry needs to focus on the balance between efficient deployment of fit-for-purpose technology with strict economics in mind.
This conundrum potentially suggests that when dealing with shale resource one is faced with sweet spot identification in a basin / field and at the same time moving away from geometric (say every 250 ft.) selection of hydraulic fracture stages and placing stages where appropriate from a productivity point of view.
This paper documents certain well defined criterion used to identify the sweet spot location within a field / basin for the optimal well placement. We further document the vital formation / zone characteristic related information that can define the placement for hydraulic fracture stages and thus move away from the arbitrary geometric placement. Such an optimized plan can allow placement of productive wells and frac stages and thereby enhancing productivity and reducing well drilling and stimulation expenses. The key is effective cost reduction.
The paper illustrates the well placement optimization process through a combination of seismic attribute analysis combined with petrophysical and geochemical analysis via core and geophysical log measurements. The hydraulic fracture stage placement relies on the need to understand existing natural fracture system through geophysical log measurements and the interaction between the created hydraulic bi-wing tensile fracture and the surrounding shear fractures.
The paper concludes by presenting examples from three basins demonstrating the practical application of the methodology.
Dynamic Integration of DTS Data for Hydraulically Fractured Reservoir Characterization with the Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Tarrahi M. , Gildin E. , Moreno J. , Gonzales S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The deployment of fiber-optic-based distributed temperature sensing (DTS) in hydraulically fractured wells has enabled us to observe the dynamic temperature profile along the wellbore during treatment, flow back and production not only as a postprocessing step but also in real-time monitoring applications of the hydraulic fracturing process. Fracture initiation points, vertical coverage and number of created fractures can be identified by DTS data. However, to evaluate the well performance, optimize future treatments and better understand fracture modeling, additional accurate quantitative information such as fracture conductivity and geometries need to be inferred from DTS data. In this study, we propose to set up a stochastic inverse problem to infer hydraulic fracture characteristics such as fracture conductivity and geometries by integrating real-time DTS monitoring data. We develop a synthetic non-isothermal simulation model containing a horizontal well with multi-stage transverse hydraulic fractures amenable for realist real-time DTS data. We also provide a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of different fracture and reservoir parameters in the monitored temperature data by means of sensitivity analysis. To estimate the hydraulic fracture characteristics, we employ the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), an ensemble based sequential model updating method, to assimilate DTS data. The EnKF enables us to perform quantitative fracture characterization and automatic history matching. The EnKF also offers several advantages for this application, including the ensemble formulation for uncertainty assessment, convenient gradient-free implementation, and the flexibility to incorporate additional monitoring data types.
Examples are presented to illustrate the suitability of the EnKF-based fracture characterization for the inversion of DTS data to infer fracture geometries and conductivity. We demonstrate that by means of the EnKF we can identify accurately fracture halflength and fracture permeability from temperature inversion.
Intervention fidelity and its determinants of focused antenatal care package implementation, in South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia.&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: Tessema Asressie Molla , Gebeyehu Abebaw , Mekonnen Solomon , Alemu Kassahun , Tigabu Zemene 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Home and community-based implementation of focused antenatal care intervention packages have significantly reduced neonatal mortality particularly in resource constrained settings. However, due to evidence-practice gaps, thousands of neonates are still losing their lives every day mostly from preventable causes. This study aimed to assess focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity and its determinant factors in South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed and a total of 898 women who gave birth in the last six months prior to data collection were included. Also 16 health extension workers working in health posts and 10 health posts for facility audits were included. Interviews and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from mothers and health extension workers. Facility audits were used to assess availability and functionality of drugs and supplies in the health posts to provide focused antenatal care. Mothers were asked whether or not the required level of care was provided. Health extension workers were provided self-administered questionnaires to assess socio-demographic characteristics, reception of training, facilitation strategies and ability to classify danger signs. Multilevel linear regression analysis was performed to identify individual and organizational levels factors influencing focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity. Results: Overall weighted average focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity (implemented as intended/planned) was 49.8% (95% CI: 47.7 – 51.8); of which 55.1% was implemented by health extension workers and 44.9% by skilled providers (nurses, midwives, health officers or medical doctors). Overall antenatal care coverage, irrespective of frequency, was 83.7% (95% CI: 81.3–86.1); 35.0% (95% CI: of 31.6 – 38.4) of them received at least four antenatal visits and 46 (6.1%, 95% CI: 4.4 - 7.8) received all recommended components of focused antenatal care. Previous pregnancy-related medical problems, paternal education, and implementation of supportive/facilitation strategies were found to be significant factors enhancing focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity.Conclusion: Focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity in the study area was low; this may imply that stagnation of neonatal mortality reduction might be partly due to the low level of focused antenatal care fidelity. Improving implementation of facilitation strategies is highly required to contribute in neonatal mortality reduction.
Kilka uwag na temat twórczości Krzysztofa Boguszewskiego
Authors: Stankiewicz Aleksander 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
The article deals with the artistic activity of Krzysztof Aleksander Boguszewski (d. 1635), nobleman, spiritual and painter, active in Poznań in years 1624–1635. In the past, scholars tried to do all they could to expand his oeuvre by resorting to imprecise comparisons or overinterpretation of his works. Also, they wanted to found style of his paintings in works of Herman Han. In the light of documents, it is sure that Boguszewski was not the imitator or even pupil of Han. He probably learned to paint in confraternity of painters in Lublin or Lwów. In fact, we can only proof his signature in one existing work – The entry of St. Martin into Amiens from 1628, originally from Cistercian church in Paradyż, but today exposed in Poznań cathedral. Other paintings from Paradyż Abbey, like The Heavenly Jerusalem (1628?), The Immaculate Conception (1628?) and St. Paul (1628?) and effigies of St. Mary from church in Otorów and Biechów (1632) we can include in the works of Boguszewski using the compare method. The other painting attributed by scholars to artist are fundamentally different. The iconography of his works from Paradyż were projected by the Cistercian abbot, Marek Łętowski (d. 1629). His conception for Boguszewski works was based on the instructions of Church intellectualist, like Carlo Borromeo or Gabriele Paleotti. It is very probably, that the painter, who became a priest in parish church of St. Adalbert in Poznań in 1630, was personally involved in the idea of artists working for the reform of the Church after the council of Trent.
Fundacje sakralne wojewody wołyńskiego Seweryna Józefa Rzewuskiego (po 1694–1755)
Authors: Rolska Irena 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
Seweryn Józef Rzewuski was the son of Stanisław Mateusz Rzewuski (1662–1728), grand crown hetman and Belz voivode, and Ludwika Eleonora Kunicka (coat of arms: Bończa; d. 1749). He was the older brother of Wacław Piotr Rzewuski (1706–1779), grand crown hetman and castellan of Cracow. The main house of Seweryn Józef and Antonia from the Potocki Rzewuski was the castle in Olesko. Before 1745 the voivode carried out renovation works at the castle, decorating it with stuccos and sculptures. The main building Rzewuski founded was the church and Capuchin monastery located below the castle. The single-nave church has a double-span nave enclosed by two rows of lower, rectangular-shaped side chapels linked by narrow passages. The church has an austere, flat facade with one portal on the axis, typical for Polish Capuchin architecture. Monastery buildings were located on the northern side of the church. The wings of the monastery surrounded a rectangular inner viridary, uncommon for Capuchin monasteries. The monastery in Olesko was one of the most magnificent Polish Capuchin monasteries. Seweryn Józef and Antonina Rzewuski revered the blessed John of Dukla. This was manifested by their decision to found the building of a column dedicated to Blessed John of Dukla in Lviv in 1736. The Rzewuski kept good relations with the Greek Catholics from Chełm and the Chełm starosty. Rzewuski founded baroque side-altars for the orthodox church in Kanie, which are now in the local parish church. He was also one of the initiators of the coronation of the icon of Our Lady of Chełm. Seweryn Józef Rzewuski inherited Łęczna (1737), and as the city’s owner he began renovating the parish church of Saint Mary Magdalene, rebuilding the burned city hall, two market squares and establishing a third one. Rzewuski founded two new, baroque altars for the church. Two side-altars, the pulpit, baptismal font and two altars in side chapels remain until this day. The remains of the programme, that can be found on the altars, indicate a close link between the passion and eucharistic worship. In 1745 Seweryn Józef finished building and decorating a small, single-navechurch in Łuszczów. All aforementioned buildings and art founded by Seweryn Józef Rzewuski, except from the column dedicated to the blessed John of Dukla in Lviv, were located on territories which belonged to the voivode.
Dydaktyka historii sztuki na UKSW - refleksje praktyka dotyczące metodyki kształcenia
Authors: Lewińska Beata 
Published: February 2021

Dydaktyka historii sztuki w Instytucie Historii Sztuki Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego jest przedmiotem edukacji od 2001 roku. Konieczność wprowadzenia tego typu zajęć była determinowana chęcią włączenia praktycznych elementów do programu studiów w historii sztuki, co otworzyło nowe możliwości dla studentów na rynku pracy. Historia sztuki jest nauczana w szkołach artystycznych od II wojny światowej, a od 2005 roku jest przedmiotem egzaminu gimnazjalnego. W 2008 r. Ministerstwo Edukacji wprowadziło historię sztuki do szkół średnich jako dodatkowy przedmiot. Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego był pierwszą uczelnią w Polsce, na której wprowadzono dydaktykę i metodologię nauczania historii sztuki. Dzięki realizacji tych zajęć wraz z przedmiotami pedagogicznymi i psychologicznymi, uczniowie historii sztuki zdobywają kwalifikacje pedagogiczne i podejmują pracę w szkołach. W tym artykule przedstawiono również programy nauczania i metody ich prowadzenia.
Didactics of art history at the Institute of Art History at the University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński has been the subject of education since 2001. The need to introduce this type of classes was determined by the desire to include practical elements in the study program in the history of art, which will open up new opportunities for the students in the labor market. The history of art has been taught in art schools since the Second World War, and since 2005 it has been the subject of the secondary school certificate examination. In 2008, Ministry of Education introduced the history of art to secondary schools as an additional subject. Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University was the first university in Poland where didactics and methodology for teaching art history was introduced. Thanks to the implementation of these classes along with pedagogical and psychological subjects, students of art history obtain pedagogical qualifications and take up work in schools. This article also introduces the teaching programs and methods of their conduct.
Regulatory aspects of Impurity profiling
Authors: Gogna Kunal 
Published: February 2021

Quality, safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals play an important role in drug therapy. The safety attribute of drug is established by its pharmacological or toxicological profile along with adverse effects caused by impurities in bulk and dosage form. Impurities present in drug often possess undesired pharmacological or toxicological effects which outweighs the benefits of drug therapy. Recently, many impurity cases have been reported for e.g. NDMA (N-nitroso dimethylamine) impurity in drug product Ranitidine. This may be due to inappropriate follow of impurity related regulatory guidelines or critical voids in regulatory control of impurities or may be lack of appropriate analytical technique for impurity detection. Moreover, in June 2007, EMA became aware of contamination of Viracept® tablets. It was detected with presence of ethyl mesylate impurity, a known genotoxic substance in Nelfinavir mesylate (Viracept®). Due to this, the product was recalled from EU market.
An impure drug is devoid of safety, quality and efficacy and can lead to adverse events. So, drugs of required quality standards should reach the market for patient’s safety. Therefore it is important and becomes mandatory to submit impurity data related to isolation, identification, qualification and control of impurities to respective regulatory authorities. This article is an attempt to deliver comprehensive understanding related to various attributes and details about impurity profiling in context with regulatory guidelines along with detail description of impurity data submission to regulatory authority for drug substance (API) to get market approval. This article also focus on ICH impurity guidelines ,sources, classification and quality control of impurities.
Regulatory response to pandemics in a developing country- the case of COVID-19 and the Ghana food and drugs authority (Ghana FDA)
Authors: Darko Delese Afia Amoakoa , Agyekumwaa Boateng Olivia 
Published: February 2021

The emergence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has demonstrated the challenge of a single infection to health systems across the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11th March 2020, pointing at the time to the over 118,000 cases of the coronavirus illness in over 110 countries around the world and the sustained risk of further global spread. Congruent to this declaration by the WHO, countries were expected to accelerate their individual efforts amidst striking the right balance between protecting health and preventing economic or social disruption. In response to the pandemic, regulatory authorities of food and drugs in various countries are also recognizing the new demands and obligations that the pandemic has brought and taking measures to meet them and provide the much-needed support. The Ghana Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) has taken various accelerated actions to meet the local demands in managing COVID-19. The regulatory interventions not only aim to facilitate the authorization of medicines and health technologies, sensitize the public on disease prevention and ensure the uninterrupted availability of medical and food supplies but also seek to inspire and boost local industrial potential. The Ghana FDA’s efforts are multifaceted and include propping the Drug Supply Chain, expeditious testing of essential COVID-19 medicines, facilitating efforts at COVID-19 test kit evaluation, active post market surveillance and public sensitization on preventive measures. The outcomes of the FDA response have informed ample opportunities that can be leveraged on now and beyond the pandemic and sensitized the Authority on the need to simulate possible emergencies and be better prepared in future happenings.
A Review on Pongamia pinnata (L.): Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Fugare Akshay G. , Shete Rajkumar V. , Adak Vishal S. , G. Krishna Murthy 
Published: February 2021

Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is one of many plants with different medicinal properties where all its components have been used in the treatment and prevention of many forms of ailments in many countries as traditional medicine. The plant extract shows anti-diarrhoeal, anti-fungal, anti-plasmodial, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperammonic, anti-lipoxidative, anti-oxidant and analgesic activities. For gums, teeth and ulcers, roots are used for cleaning. For bleeding piles, bark is used internally. Traditionally, different parts of the P. pinnata plant are said to be used to treat bronchitis, whooping cough, rheumatism, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, gonorrhea and leprosy, to name a few. Oil is a source of biodiesel, an alternative, sustainable, nutritious and non-pollutant. The present Knowledge of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities according to parts of the Pongamia pinnata plant is discussed in this study.
Keywords: Fabaceae, Pongamia pinnata, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological properties.
Hydrodynamically Balanced System: A Review
Authors: Yadav Pawankumar H , Kardile Dipak P , Deshmukh Madhuri T , Shete Rajkumar V. 
Published: February 2021

The most suitable drug delivery route is oral delivery due to its easily administration, patient adherence/ patient capacitance etc. Several approaches have been made for maximizing the G.R.T such as high-density system, floating system, swelling & expanding system and mucoadhesive & bio adhesive system etc. the main motive of reviewing the article is to focus on the mechanism of HBS system, classification with new system such as raft forming system and hollow microsphere, its application, marketed preparation and evaluation study. The procedure of gastric emptying is a complex and may leads to uncertainty for in vivo performance of the DDS. To prevent this type of complex formation and uncertainty, hard work has been done to expand the retention time of DDS for half of the day. The FDDS are beneficial in such process.
Keywords: HBS system, GRDDS, gastric residence time (G.R.T), raft forming systems, floating formulations, evaluation study.
Formulation development and characterization of in-situ gel of Rizatriptan Benzoate for intranasal delivery
Authors: Thakkar Jalaram H , Prajapati Shailesh T. 
Published: February 2021

The present investigation was aimed to formulate and characterize ion-activated in-situ gel loaded with Rizatriptan Benzoate (RIZ) for intranasal administration for brain targeting. The gel was further optimized for process and formulation parameters by using 32 factorial design. The optimized batch having the concentrations of gellan gum and HPMC E15 LV 33.83 mg and 9.6 mg respectively. Gel strength and mucoadhesive strength of the optimized formulation were found to be 32.54 sec and 2580.50 dynes/cm2 respectively. Moreover, improved in-vitro and ex-vivo release profile of in-situ gel were observed in comparison to drug solution. In a nutshell, the developed formulation holds a great promise in overcoming the limitation associated with currently marketed RIZ formulations and illustrates the potential use of ion-activated in-situ gel to administer the drug by nasal route for brain targeting.
Keywords: In-situ gel, Rizatriptan benzoate, Ion-activated, Gellan gum, HPMC E15 LV, Brain delivery, Migraine
A concise review on preparation methods used for the development of solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Matta Vasu Deva Reddy 
Published: February 2021

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are in submicron size range nanoparticles and are made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials (mainly composed of lipids and surfactants) capable of incorporating both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. SLNs are also considered as substitute to other colloidal drug systems, also used as controlled systems and targeted delivery. SLNs can be considered as an alternative for oral drug delivery vehicle to improve the oral bioavailability of drugs, associated reduction of drug toxicity and stability of drug in both GIT and plasma. There are different techniques used for the preparation of SLNs. Generally, the preparation of SLNs and any other nanoparticle system necessitates a dispersed system as precursor; otherwise particles are produced through the use of a particular instrumentation. This review provides the summary on the techniques or methods used for the development of SLNs of poorly water soluble drugs for improved drug delivery.
Keywords: Solid lipid nanoparticles, controlled delivery, precursor, techniques.
Improvement of Physicochemical and Solubility of Dipyridamole by Cocrystallization Technology
Authors: Gawade Ashwini , Kuchekar Ashwin , Boldhane Sanjay , Baheti Akshay 
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to develop a pH-independent release formulation of dipyridamole (DP) by the combined use of pH-modifier technology and cocrystal technology tartaric acid (TA) was selected as an appropriate pH-modifier in terms of improving physicochemical properties and dissolution behavior of DP under neutral conditions. Molecular docking method was used to identify the suitable conformer. Upon optimization of the ratio of TA to DP (molar ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) was prepared by a solvent assisted griding method. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that formation of DP-TA co crystals supported by supported by powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. Spectroscopic analysis suggested that there might be inter-molecular interaction among DP and TA resulting in pH independent dissolution behavior of drug substance. The study confirmed the selection of proper coformer and exhibited enhanced physicochemical, solubility and stability of the Dipyridamole cocrystals. Hence, based upon results it revealed that cocrystallization helps in improving the physicochemical properties of the API.
Keywords: Dipyridamole, Coformer, Molecular docking, Radar chart, solvent assisted griding, Cocrystals