bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative, local and global dimension in complex networks
Authors: Peach Robert , Arnaudon Alexis , Barahona Mauricio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dimension is a fundamental property of objects and the space in which they are embedded. Yet ideal notions of dimension, as in Euclidean spaces, do not always translate to physical spaces, which can be constrained by boundaries and distorted by inhomogeneities, or to intrinsically discrete systems such as networks. To take into account locality, finiteness and discreteness, dynamical processes can be used to probe the space geometry and define its dimension. Here we show that each point in space can be assigned a relative dimension with respect to the source of a diffusive process, a concept that provides a scale-dependent definition for local and global dimension also applicable to networks. To showcase its application to physical systems, we demonstrate that the local dimension of structural protein graphs correlates with structural flexibility, and the relative dimension with respect to the active site uncovers regions involved in allosteric communication. In simple models of epidemics on networks, the relative dimension is predictive of the spreading capability of nodes, and identifies scales at which the graph structure is predictive of infectivity.
Trigger Asynchronies Induced by the Introduction of External Gas Into the Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Circuit: A Bench-to-Bedside Study
Authors: Lalmolda Cristina , Flórez Pablo , Grimau Carles , Larrosa Roberto , Corral Marta , Sayas Javier , Luján Manel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background and objective: Treatments that require the introduction of external gas into the non-invasive ventilation (NIV) circuit, such as aerosol and oxygen therapy, may influence the performance of the ventilator trigger system. The aim of the study was to determine the presence and type of asynchronies induced by external gas in the NIV circuit in a bench model and in a group of patients undergoing chronic NIV.Methods: Bench study: Four ventilators (one with two different trigger design types) and three gas sources (continuous flow at 4 and 9 l/min and pulsatile flow at 9 l/min) were selected in an active simulator model. The sensitivity of the trigger, the gas introduction position, the ventilatory pattern and the level of effort were also modified.Clinical study: The same ventilators and gas conditions were used in patients undergoing chronic NIV.Results: Bench: The introduction of external gas caused asynchronies in 35.9% of cases (autotriggering 73%, ineffective effort 27%). Significant differences (p<0.01) were detected according to the ventilator model and the gas source.Clinical study: In seven patients, the introduction of external gas induced asynchrony in 20.4% of situations (77% autotriggering). As in the bench study, there were differences in the occurrence of asynchronies depending on the ventilator model and gas source used.Conclusion: The introduction of external gas produces alterations in the ventilator trigger. These alterations are variable, and depend on the ventilator design and gas source. This phenomenon makes it advisable to monitor the patient at the start of treatment.
Targeting tumor-macrophage interaction via the Notch2-Jag1 axis reverses tumor resistance to paclitaxel
Authors: Yu Fazhi , Zhou Qin , Zhou Ying , Xie Yijia , Zhang Peng , He Wei , Yu Weiqiang , Wu Yuwei , Cheng Aoxing , Liu Hanyuan , Sun Cheng , Wu Qingfa , Zhang Kaiguang , Ma Xiaopeng , Shi Jue , Guo Jing , Yang Zhenye 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Taxanes are widely used in chemotherapy, but intrinsic and acquired resistance limit the clinical outcomes. Studies showed tumor interaction with suppressive macrophages plays a key role in taxane resistance, yet therapeutic strategies that deplete or repolarize macrophages are challenging. Here we uncovered a novel tumor-macrophage interaction via Notch2-Jag1 justacrine signaling that can be targeted to sensitize paclitaxel response without affecting the broad macrophage functions. Using translatome profiling, we identified Notch2 upregulation during taxol-induced prolonged mitosis. Notch2 was subsequently activated in the post-mitotic G1 phase by Jag1 expressed on neighboring macrophages, which promoted tumor cell survival by upregulating p38 and anti-apoptotic proteins. Notch2 also upregulated cytokines that further recruited Jag1-expressing macrophages. By targeting this Notch2-Jag1 interaction with a pan-Notch inhibitor, RO4929097, taxol resistance was significantly attenuated in multiple mouse tumor models. Our results point to combining Notch inhibitor with taxane as an effective strategy to selectively disrupt tumor-macrophage interaction underlying chemoresistance.
Micro Ring Resonator based CO2 Gas Sensor using PbSe Quantum Dots
Authors: Hajikhanloo Anvar Shahamat , Sarraf Mohammad Javadian , Rostami Ali , Dolatyari Mahboubeh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a micro-ring resonator-based highly sensitive carbon dioxide sensor. For this purpose, a valley is created in the core of the ring and PbSe quantum dots (QDs) are deposited in the valley and the sensor is exposed to CO2 gas. In this way, the refractive index of the PbSe QDs increases with an increase in the concentration of gas flow, and then the resonance frequency of the ring resonator shifts. The designed sensor operates almost linearly over a wide range of concentrations for CO2 gas and shows a high resonance shift at different concentrations of CO2 gas. The detection limit for the designed sensor is 0.001% of CO2 gas which is more sensitive than previously reported sensors based on microring resonators. The frequency shifts are investigated by changing the width of the valley. The minimum width of the valley was determined for the evanescent field in which only the outer core of the ring affects the resonant frequency. Also, the modal analysis of the designed ring resonator waveguide is investigated to determine the minimum core width.
Health Needs Above of Automation Fears: The Role of the Future of Work in Shaping Career Decisions and Appraisals of Employment Among Young Adults with Disabilities
Authors: Jetha Arif , Shamaee Ali , Tompa Emile , Smith Peter , Bultmann Ute , Bonaccio Silvia , Tucker Lori , Norman Cameron , Banks Cristina , Gignac Monique 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives. Technological, sociopolitical and environmental forces are changing the working world and creating conditions that could be disadvantageous to young adults with disabilities. Our study aims to examine the thoughts and perceptions held by young adults with disabilities regarding the future of work.Methods. One-on-one semi-structured interviews with Canadian young adult (ages 18-35 years) with a disability were conducted. Participants were asked questions on their thoughts and perceptions regarding the impact the changing nature and availability of work on their labor market involvement and career aspirations. Themes that emerged from the data were inductively examined. Results. Twenty-two young adults were interviewed of which just over half were employed full-time. Career aspirations and work-related decisions were primarily shaped by a participant’s health needs. Aspects of the future of work were seen as a more proximal determinants to employment. Digital technologies were expected to impact working conditions for people with disabilities and create barriers and facilitators to employment. Participant who were securely employed held positive expectations regarding the impact of digital technology on their work. Conversely, participants working precariously held negative appraisals regarding the impact of digital technologies on employment opportunities.Conclusions. Initiatives that support labor market engagement of young adults with disabilities should consider changes in the future of work and emerging health needs while also accounting for the availability of secure work arrangements.
Association between Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and 10.6-Year Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes and Mortality in Adults
Authors: Golzarand Mahdieh , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Several studies have assessed the association between dietary choline and betaine and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes but their results are inconsistent. The present study aimed to determine the association between dietary intake of choline and betaine and risk of CVD events and mortality in the general population over a 10.6-year of follow-up. Methods: The present cohort study was conducted on participation in the third wave of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008) and was followed-up until March 2018. Dietary intake of choline and betaine was calculated using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database. Data about CVD events and mortality were collected using patients’ medical records or death certification. Results: In this study, 2606 subjects with no previous CVD were participated and followed-up for a median of 10.6 years. During the follow-up periods, 183 incidences of CVD and 17 deaths were detected. Results of the multivariate analysis indicated neither per one standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary choline nor betaine associated with the incidence of CVD, CHD, stroke, and CVD mortality. There was no significant association between food sources of choline and CVD outcomes and mortality. When we assessed the relationship between dietary contributors betaine, per one SD increase in betaine content of fruit and vegetables and oils and fats significantly associated with increased risk of CVD mortality.Conclusion: Our investigation indicates no association between per one SD increase in choline and betaine and a 10.6-year risk of CVD events and mortality among adults. Besides, we found no relationship between significant food sources of choline and betaine and outcomes of interest.
Effects of Forest Structure On Dendroctonus Valens Damage Under Natural and Human Disturbances
Authors: Zhan Zhongyi , Wang Lixia , Yu Linfeng , Ren Lili , Luo Youqing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

In recent years, the red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens, RTB), an invasive pest species has spread northward along the distribution of pine forests, forming a potential threat to healthy pine forests in North China. Previous studies have shown that natural (e.g., fire) and human (e.g., felling) disturbances can significantly promote bark beetle damage. However, few studies have considered the effect of forest landscape structure on bark beetle damage under disturbance conditions. Here we used generalized linear models and generalized linear mixed models to explore the effects of multi-scale factors on RTB damage under different disturbance conditions (presence or absence) in 109 forest stands in the Heilihe National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia.
Result

Disturbance (i.e., fire and stolen felling) could significantly promote the occurrence of RTB. In the absence of disturbance, small-scale stand factors (i.e., aspect and canopy density) played important roles in the prediction of RTB damage. In the presence of disturbance, forest landscape structure (i.e., forest isolation) was the main factor affecting RTB invasion.
Conclusion

In the presence of disturbance, the forest structure played an important role in the process of the diffusion of RTB from the surrounding habitat to the disturbance. This study, which emphasizes the potential importance of forest landscape structure on RTB spread, not only provides new insights into understanding the roles of large-scale factors but also assists in the implementation of pest management programs.
The E545 Mutation of PIK3CA in Cervical Cancer Promotes the Survival by Several Different Pathways
Authors: Chen Yan , Yuan Ma-Chi , Shi Jia-Zhen , Zhao Xia , He Nan , Song Qin , Qian Fang-Fang , Wang Hong-Juan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Backgroud: The E545 mutation of PIK3CA in Cervical cancer is frequently happened. But the role of E545 mutation of PIK3CA in Cervical cancer is not clear.Methods: In this study, we analysised the molecular signatures of E545 mutation Cervical cancer by bioinformatics methods.Results: We collected transcriptome sequencing results of 227 no mutation cervical cancer tissue samples and 36 mutation cervical cancer tissue samples, then analyzed the data combining bioinformatics methods. A total of 5 differential expression miRNAs were obtained, including 3 up-regulated miRNAs, 1 down-rugulated miRNA. A total of 174 differential expression genes were obtained, including 132 up-regulated genes, 40 down-rugulated genes. GO analysis suggested that the up-regulated DEGs were mainly enriched in transcription factor activity, leukotriene signaling pathway and so on. Besides, we constructed a PPI network with DEGs to screen the top hub genes with a relatively high degree of connectivity. Among them CAV1, KRT20, FOS, had a degree of connectivity larger than 5 and functioned as hub module genes to promote the survival of E545 mutation cervical cancer. We also identified different miRNA-DEG axis, including hsa-mir-449a-AXL, hsa-mir-508-CGA, COL15A1, NNMT, hsa-mir-552-CHST6, NWD1. These axis regulated the survival of E545 mutation cervical cancer togetherly. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study identified DEGs and screened the key genes and pathways closely related to E545 mutation in Cervical cancer by bioinformatics analysis, These results might hold promise for finding potential therapeutic targets of cervical cancer harboring E545 mutation of PI3KCA.
Overexpression of Angiogenic Factors and Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Saliva of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: Potential Non-Invasive Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers
Authors: Cai Meijuan , Zheng Zhichao , Bai Zhibao , Ouyang Kexiong , Wu Qiuyu , Xu Shaofen , Huang Lihuan , Jiang Yingtong , Wang Lijing , Gao Jie , Pathak Janak L. , Wu Lihong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Backgound: Salivary biomarkers hold huge potential for the non-invasive diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Angiogenic factors and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) are highly expressed in OSCC tissue, but their expression in the saliva is unknown. This study aimed to analyze the levels of angiogenic factors and MMPS in tumor-tissue and saliva of OSCC patients. Methods: OSCC-tissue, adjacent normal tissue (ANT), saliva from OSCC patients, and healthy controls were obtained. The expression patterns of angiogenic factors and MMPs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, protein chip array, and RT-qPCR. Results: Results showed higher expression of ANG, ANG-2, HGF, PIGF, VEGF, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in OSCC-tissues compared to the ANT. Among the overexpressed markers in OSCC-tissues, HGF, VEGF, PIGF, PDGF-BB, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-13, and TIMP-2 were significantly upregulated in the saliva of OSCC patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: The levels of HGF, VEGF, PIGF, PDGF-BB, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-13, and TIMP-2 were upregulated both in OSCC tissue and saliva of OSCC patients. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the correlation of these factors with patient survival and cancer functional states in head and neck cancer, indicating these factors as possible saliva-based non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets of OSCC.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Impact of Volume on Outcomes at a Tertiary Care Center. Our Experience in Single Institute of Nepal.
Authors: Agrawal Sunit , Khanal Bhawani , Das Ujjwal , Sah Suresh Prasad , Gupta Rakesh Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPancreaticoduodenectomy is a complex high risk surgical procedure usually done for malignant disease carrying significant postoperative morbidity and mortality. An audit and analysis of rate of postoperative morbidity and mortality and the impact of case volume can provide information about the lacunas in patient care and methods to improve it for safe and early discharge of patients. This study was conducted to find out demographic profile, the rate of perioperative morbidities, mortality and impact of case volume on patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignant disease which may serve as a guide to uplift the patient care in our center.MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy from 2015 to 2019 was performed. A total of 62 patients were included in the study. Patients clinic-demographic details, intraoperative and postoperative events were recorded. Rate of various postoperative morbidities and mortality and year wise trend of these factors were analyzed.ResultsMost of the patients were in sixth decade of life (38.7%) with male preponderance (61.3%). Pancreatic cancer was most commonly seen followed by cholangiocarcinoma (46.8%). SSI (32.3%), intraabdominal collection (25.8%), anastomotic leak (14.5%), pancreatic fistula (22.6%), postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (8.1% ) were the major postoperative events. Mortality was found in 12.9% patients. ConclusionThere has been a decrease in rate of all these postoperative adverse events and improvement in the intraoperative blood loss and surgical duration with advancing years and increasing number of cases.
Quantitative Relaxometry using Synthetic MRI Could be Better than Qualitative T2-FLAIR Mismatch Sign: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kikuchi Kazufumi , Hiwatashi Akio , Togao Osamu , Yamashita Koji , Momosaka Daichi , Kikuchi Yoshitomo , Kuga Daisuke , Hata Nobuhiro , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Iwaki Toru , Ishigami Kousei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction The diagnostic utility of synthetic MRI (SyMRI) in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant lower-grade gliomas has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether quantitative relaxometry using SyMRI could differentiate between lower-grade gliomas with an increased sensitivity when compared to the qualitative T2-FLAIR mismatch sign.Methods Between May 2019 and May 2020, thirteen patients with IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas including seven astrocytomas and six oligodendrogliomas were evaluated. Five neuroradiologists independently evaluated the presence of the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign qualitatively. Inter-rater agreement of T2-FLAIR mismatch sign was calculated using the Fleiss kappa coefficient. SyMRI parameters (T1, T2-relaxation times, proton density [PD]) were measured in the gliomas and compared by Mann–Whitney U-test. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. The simulated T2-FLAIR mismatch sign (%change) was also evaluated.Results The sensitivity, specificity, and kappa coefficient were 57.1%, 83.3%, and 0.38, respectively in T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. There were differences between the gliomas in the 10–90th percentiles and the mean in T1, T2-relaxation times, and PD (all p < .05). The T2-relaxation time of the 10th and 50th percentiles, and the mean showed the highest diagnostic performance (area under the curve = 1.00). The %change of present/absent T2-FLAIR mismatch cases were –49.3 ± 6.5%, –43.4 ± 7.9%, respectively.Conclusion Quantitative relaxometry using SyMRI could differentiate astrocytomas from oligodendrogliomas with an increased sensitivity and objectivity compared to the qualitative T2-FLAIR mismatch sign.
A Systematic Review of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Women With Normal Cervical Cytology: The Brazilian Paradigm
Authors: Dom-Chima Ngozi , Biswas-Fiss Esther , Biswas Subhasis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) family of viruses is the leading cause of cervical cancer in women worldwide. More than 67 types of HPV are known to infect humans, and their distribution varies from region to region. HPV prevalence studies in Brazil have focused on cervical cancer; however, a detailed understanding of HPV type prevalence in women with normal cervix is absent in the literature. Our primary aim is to systematically review the literature and summarize the prevalence and distribution of HPV types in Brazilian women with HPV positive but normal cervical cytology and lack observed abnormal cells on their cervix's surface upon cytology analysis. Methods: This protocol was designed following the PRISMA-P guidelines. We conducted this systematic review with an active search in PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases and supplemented by a secondary screening of all included articles' reference lists. The search terms "Brazil", "HPV", "Human Papillomavirus", "prevalence", "distribution", "Human Papillomavirus types", and "normal cervical cytology" were used for screening the databases. Of 1048 articles retrieved and subjected to duplicates assessment, title and abstract assessment, and full-text assessment of eligibility, 11 articles were included in the review. We excluded articles from the male population, known cervical cancer cases, and studies with a sample size of <15. Qualitative assembly of the data and analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5.0 Results: The articles included in the study reported the prevalence of HPV types in women with normal cytology and HPV positive from ten Brazilian states. The total sample size ranged from 80 to 432, and the sample size for the HPV positive and normal cervical cytology group ranged from 28 to 209. HPV prevalence ranged from 0 to 89.4%, and a total of 43 HPV types were identified in the study population. There was variation between studies on the distribution of HPV types because of the detection and genotyping technique used and geographical location. HPV66 was the only HPV type detected in every study reviewed, regardless of geographical region and methods. Conclusions: Due to variation in genotyping techniques used in these studies, HPV type prevalence and geographical distribution may be misestimated or underestimated. But results of these studies give a clear view of the total prevalence of HPV types in Brazil. It is also essential to consider the HPV types present in women with normal cervical cytology before the HPV-mediated progression to abnormal cervical lesions.Systematic Review Registration: Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration CRD42020151655