bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Novel Method for Use in Studies of Iron Status, Brain Function (EEG), and Recognition Memory Performance in Infancy
Authors: Stoyell Sally M. , Nevins Julie E.H. , Orsillo Maisie A. , Canfield Richard L. , Robertson Steven S. , Haas Jere D. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundEarly infancy is a time of peak cortical development when young infants are more susceptible to cognitive deficits from nutritional deficiencies. Previous studies link EEG measures of brain function to behavioral measures during recognition memory tasks in early infancy, but few in the context of nutrition deficiencies. Animal studies have shown that specific nutritional deficiencies affect the brain in targeted areas rather than as a broad cognitive change, but many current studies of nutrition and cognition in human infants only use general measures of cognition.ObjectiveOur study is unique in looking at early infant recognition memory, brain function, and iron status. This analysis examines the relationship between behavioral and brain (EEG) measures of memory as a validation of methods that could be applied in subsequent studies of the relationship between infant iron status and cognitive function.MethodsEEG data were collected from infants (4–6 mo, N=30) during a memory task (Oddball) in which the infants observed novel and familiar stimuli of emotionally neutral female faces. During a related memory behavior task (Paired Comparison), infants viewed two faces simultaneously and the length of infant gaze at each stimulus by stimulus type was measured. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin were measured to assess anemia and iron stores, respectively. The main EEG outcomes were the difference in amplitude and slope of the late slow wave (ΔLSW) between novel and familiar stimuli, a known measure of memory. The percent of time spent looking at the novel versus familiar stimuli (%Nov), as well as the total time spent in attention were the main memory behavior outcomes. Student's t‐tests and regression modeling were used to analyze the association between ΔLSW and %Nov. Age, sex, race, birth weight, and maternal education were assessed as potential confounders in regression models.Results and ConclusionsPreliminary results show that ΔLSW was significantly associated with %Nov (β = 0.52 ± 0.27; p=.04). These results show that our novel combination of methods successfully measures recognition memory and improves on previous work by using specific behavioral tasks and measures of brain function in the context of infant iron deficiency. This study will inform future work in the fields of nutrition and cognition.Support or Funding InformationFunded by USDA/CUAES (Hatch #NYC399413) and Cornell Human Ecology Alumni Association; JEHN supported by NSF GRFP
Assessment of Omega‐3s Knowledge on Blood Lipids among Registered Dietitians
Authors: Li Cheng , Palmer‐Keenan Debra 
Published: June 2021

The beneficial effects of omega 3 fatty acids (n‐3s) on lowering triglyceride (TG) levels have been well established. For patients with high fasting TG levels, the American Heart Association recommends two to four grams of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) per day. While n‐3s’ clinical use is well‐documented, incomplete and/or incorrect information regarding their effects on blood lipids is prevalent. The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to assess dietitians’ knowledge of n‐3s and their effects on blood lipids. All Registered Dietitians (RDs) listed in the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/Commission on Dietetics Registration database who were not retired as of April 2015 were invited to participate. Structured telephone interviews including two open‐ended questions were used to examine if and what they knew about n‐3s and the effects on blood lipids. Of the eligible RDs, 262 completed the study and were included in the final analyses. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, means and standard deviations) and Chi‐Square tests were performed using SAS (version 9.3). Among the RDs who participated, most were women (95%), non‐Hispanic White (85%), and had a master degree or higher (60%). Mean years of professional practices was 19.3+11.7. Forty percent of RDs identified they specialized (defined as over 50% of time) in medical nutrition therapy (MNT). An assessment of RDs’ general knowledge of n‐3s revealed that, 24% were not able to name any types of n‐3s. Among those who could (n=200), DHA were the most frequently identified (84%), followed by EPA (80%), and ALA (46%). Thirteen percent erroneously identified linoleic acid as one type of n‐3s. When asked if n‐3s affected blood lipids levels, 77% said n‐3s did. However, when asked to specify the types of blood lipids (n=202), only 39% mentioned n‐3s could lower triglycerides. A higher percentage of RDs who specialized in MNT identified n‐3s effects of lowering TGs than those who did not (x2 =6.33; p = 0.0119). Thirty seven percent said n‐3s could decrease low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and 36% mentioned n‐3s could increase high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), which were not well supported in current literature; in fact some research has shown conflicting results (n‐3 supplements might slightly increase LDL). Further, 14% mentioned n‐3s could decrease total cholesterol. These results did not differ between RDs who specialized in MNT or those who didn't. In conclusion, some RDs generally have knowledge on the types of n‐3s and their effects on lowering triglycerides, but many do not. Since RDs working in MNT are on the front lines of giving nutrition and health recommendations for patients, and their knowledge base was inconsistent, more research‐based education on n‐3s may be neededSupport or Funding InformationUnited States Department of Agriculture, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Grant Number: NJ14208; (Multi‐State Project NC‐1199)
Pilot Study for Assessing Moderate to Long‐Term Outcomes of the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)
Authors: Auld Garry , Baker Susan , Batchelder Justin 
Published: June 2021

Objectivesdetermine (1) the best communication channel for contacting EFNEP adult graduates; (2) moderate to long‐term (6 or 12 month) self‐reported behavior data; and (3) graduates willingness to provide objective data (BMI, blood pressure).MethodsGraduates were randomly assigned to be contacted by traditional mail, email, text, or phone call. Upon contact, graduates completed EFNEP's standard behavior checklist as they had completed at pre and post intervention – via web link, pencil and paper, or phone interview, and indicated willingness to provide objective data.ResultsResponse rates by communications channel ranged from 4 to 32%; phone call or text from the educator were above 30%. At 6 or 12 months post‐graduation, the score on the 3 behavior checklist scales (nutrition, food resource management, food safety) were all significantly better than the pretest and equal to the posttest scores, suggesting that positive dietary changes were maintained. Respondents “might” or “would” allow collection of BMI (70%), blood pressure (70%), finger prick (55%) or urine sample (60%).ConclusionsThis pilot study provides initial evidence that behavior changes reported at the end of EFNEP interventions are maintained at 6 or 12 months. Graduates willingness to provide objective data will enable EFNEP to strengthen outcome measures and confirm self‐report data to build the evidence base for the program. Using educators who have a relationship with graduates appears to offer the best way to recruit them.Support or Funding InformationUnited States Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture Regional Nutrition Education Centers of Excellence Initiative
Beverage choices among adults and their contribution to nutrient intake
Authors: Parker Elizabeth , Clemens John , Moshfegh Alanna 
Published: June 2021

Nationally representative one‐day dietary data from What We Eat in America, NHANES 2011–2012 were analyzed to determine beverage choices of US adults 20 years and older (2394 males; 2407 females) and their contribution to nutrient intakes. Beverage intake data were obtained from an in‐person 24‐hour recall collected using the USDA 5‐step Automated Multiple‐Pass Method. Beverages were categorized into groups as follows: 100% juice, alcoholic beverages, coffee/tea, diet drinks, fruit drinks, milk, soft drinks, other drinks, water. After water (83 +/−0.8%), the top three reported beverages were coffee, soft drinks, and tea (53+/−1.3, 31+/−1.6, and 28+/−1.5%, respectively). In adults, beverages contributed nearly 20% of mean daily energy intake, greater than 40% of vitamin C and total sugar, and about 25% of carbohydrate, vitamin D, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Types of beverages consumed and contribution to energy intake (kcals) and nutrient density (intake/1000 kcal) differed by gender. Males were three times as likely to consume beer (20+/−1.2 vs. 6 +/−0.6%; P<0.01) and more likely to consume soft drinks (35+/−1.6 vs. 27+/−2.0%; P<0.01) as females; females were more likely to consume wine and diet drinks. Mean daily beverage intake (2885+/−98.1 g vs. 2345+/−50.6 g; P<0.01) and energy intake from beverages (485+/−16.4 vs. 309+/−12.0 kcals; P<0.01) were significantly greater in males than females. Females as compared to males had greater nutrient intakes/1000 kcal from beverages for calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus (P<0.01). Although one out of every five calories consumed by adults comes from beverages, beverage choices vary by gender, impacting nutrient intake. Therefore, beverage choices should be considered when examining diet quality.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service.
Collecting Brand and Product Names in the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) 24‐hour Dietary Recall
Authors: Steinfeldt Lois C. , Moshfegh Alanna J. 
Published: June 2021

Brand and product names collected from respondents in dietary surveys often provide specific characteristics of foods/beverages which can assist in assigning nutrient profiles to those foods/beverages. They can also be used to create direct links between a food/beverage reported by a respondent and a product specific nutrient profile in a food composition database. Using brand and product names reported by respondents can result in reduced processing time and effort and can increase the specificity and amount of detail about foods available from dietary surveys. In order to accomplish this, both the dietary survey collection system and the food composition database need to include brand and product names and respondents need to know the brand and product name of items they report. USDA/ARS is working to obtain branded food product label data in electronic format that can be made available in the USDA food composition database. The Partnership for Public Health: Branded Food Products Database, composed of USDA/ARS, the International Life Sciences Institute North America and the Agricultural Technology Innovation Partnership Foundation was established to increase the knowledge of the nutritional content of the nation's food supply by obtaining comprehensive food composition data from food manufacturers. USDA/ARS included the collection of selected brand and product names in the design and development of the AMPM. The USDA AMPM collects 24‐hour dietary recalls for the What We Eat in America (WWEIA), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). AMPM uses a research‐based, multiple‐pass approach which has 5 steps designed to encourage complete and accurate dietary recall and reduce respondent burden. The purpose of this research is to describe the use of AMPM brand and product name questions. AMPM questions and responses were analyzed for 15,885 complete and reliable dietary recall interviews in the 2011–2012 WWEIA, NHANES. AMPM questions were identified as asking for brand or product specific responses based on the text of the question. In 88% of the 2011–2012 AMPM dietary recall interviews, respondents were asked at least one question about the brand name of a reported food/beverage. Both days for both males and females averaged three questions about brand names per interview. There were no differences in the percentages (p < .05) between the day 1 and day 2 interviews or between males and females. Overall, 70% of the brand name responses matched a description in the AMPM, 10% of the brand name responses did not match an AMPM description, and 20% of the responses recorded that the respondent did not know. Collection of brand and product names in dietary recalls is becoming more important for producing comprehensive dietary survey data. Their collection in the AMPM interview demonstrates that respondents are able to provide this information.Support or Funding InformationARS, USDA
Ancient Whole Grain Gluten‐Free Buckwheat Snacks
Authors: Kahlon Talwinder Singh , Avena_Bustillos Roberto J , Chiu Mei‐Chen M 
Published: June 2021

Four kinds of whole grain Buckwheat snacks (gluten‐free, low in fat and salt) were evaluated. The snacks were Buckwheat, Buckwheat‐Turmeric, Buckwheat‐Pepper and Buckwheat‐Ginger. Turmeric and Ginger are very common ingredients of Asian cuisines. Turmeric and ginger have been reported to have health promoting potential, as increase blood flow and prevent joint pain. All the snacks contained 6% corn oil and 2% salt. Snack dough was prepared using 120 mL water for 100 g dry ingredients. About 22 g of snack dough was placed on each side of preheated KrumKake Baker and cooked for 1.75 minutes. Seventy one in‐house volunteers judged Buckwheat‐Ginger snacks significantly higher in Odor/Aroma than Buckwheat‐Pepper snacks. Color/Appearance, Taste/Flavor, Texture/Mouth‐feel and Acceptance were judged to be similar in four kinds of Buckwheat snacks tested. Water activity of all the snacks tested ranged from 0.21–0.32 suggesting that these snacks were crispy and would have good microbial stability. These snacks were quite filling due to their expansion of 3–4 times resulting in high porosity. There were significant differences in color but not in texture of snacks tested. Acceptance of snacks tested was Buckwheat 84%, Buckwheat‐Turmeric 80%, Buckwheat‐Pepper 73% and Buckwheat‐Ginger 70%. These snacks contained only 3–4 ingredients and could be made in any house kitchen or commercial production. Acceptance of 70–84% is very desirable. These healthy nutritious snacks offer choice for all including individuals sensitive to gluten.Support or Funding InformationUSDA‐ARS Base funding
An Inhibitory Role of Piceatannol in Cancer Cachexia‐Associated Lipolysis In Vitro
Authors: Kershaw Jonathan , Kim Kee‐Hong 
Published: June 2021

Cancer‐associated cachexia (CAC) is the debilitating “wasting” syndrome observed in many cancer patients, and is the estimated direct cause of death in up to 20% of all cancer mortalities. Although the causes of CAC are complex, increasing evidence suggests that preventing adipocyte lipolysis may preserve both lean muscle and adipose mass. Indeed, adipose loss in CAC is primarily due to increased lipolysis. Currently, there are no effective treatments of CAC. We recently identified piceatannol, a resveratrol analogue, as an anti‐adipogenic small molecule. We further found that piceatannol, unlike resveratrol, inhibits lipolysis in mature adipocytes both in vitro and in vivo. The objectives of this study were to first establish in vitro models of cancer‐associated lipolysis, and then to investigate whether piceatannol prevented lipolysis in CAC‐related conditions. Cancer‐associated lipolysis was modeled in murine 3T3‐L1 adipocytes using both pancreatic cancer‐cell (Panc‐1) conditioned media (CM) and the cachexia‐associated cytokines TNF‐alpha and interleukin‐6. These models significantly increased lipolysis. Of interest, piceatannol lowered cancer‐associated lipolysis by at least 50% in both CM and cytokine induced lipolysis in adipocytes. Molecular analysis revealed that piceatannol induced autophagy‐mediated protein degradation of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which catalyzes the initial and rate‐limiting step of lipolysis in adipocytes, and comparative gene identification‐58 (CGI‐58), an ATGL co‐activator. Gene expression of ATGL was unaffected by piceatannol treatment, further supporting the hypothesis that piceatannol regulates lipolysis post‐transcriptionally. In addition to revealing the role of piceatannol in reducing cancer‐associated lipolysis, this study characterized the effect of cancer CM on expression of key lipid metabolism machinery. Preventing adipose loss in CAC can enhance chemotherapy response, increase survival outcomes, and improve quality of life. This study provides a theoretical basis for using piceatannol or piceatannol‐rich foods as alternative medicine to supplement cancer treatment.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by NIH, 5R03CA184544‐01A1 and the USDA‐NIFA National Needs Fellowship.
Butyrate Plays Differential Roles in Cellular Signaling in Cancerous HCT116 and Noncancerous NCM460 Colon Cells
Authors: Zeng Huawei , Taussig David P , Cheng Wen‐Hsing , Hakkak Reza 
Published: June 2021

Butyrate, an intestinal microbiota metabolite of dietary fiber, exhibits chemoprevention effects in colon. However, the mechanistic action of butyrate at the cellular level remains to be determined. We hypothesize that butyrate plays differential roles in cancerous and non‐cancerous cells through signaling pathways regulating histone deacetylation, apoptosis, and cellular survival. We tested this hypothesis by exposing cancerous HCT116 or non‐cancerous NCM460 colon cells to physiological relevant doses of butyrate (0.25–2 mmol/L). Cellular responses were characterized by protein expression (Western blotting), fluorescent microscopy, acetylation, and DNA fragmentation analyses. Upon exposure to butyrate (2 mmol/L) for 72 hours, cell proliferation was reduced by 93% in HCT116 cells, compared to 57% in NCM460 cells. In addition, butyrate treatment led to an induction of apoptosis, histone deacetylation, genomic DNA fragmentation and p21 tumor suppressor expression in HCT116 cells, but to a smaller extent in NCM460 cells. In contrast, butyrate increased the phosphorylation of extracellular‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in NCM460 cells but not in HCT116 cells. Taken together, the activation of survival signaling in NCM460 cells and apoptotic signaling in HCT116 cells may confer the increased sensitivity of cancerous colon cells to butyrate in comparison with noncancerous colon cells.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by USDA‐ARS, CRIS project (5450‐51000‐050‐00D).
Lutein and DHA Co‐localize in Cell Membranes of Brain Regions Controlling Cognition in the Rhesus Macaque
Authors: Mohn Emily S , Matthan Nirupa R , Erdman John W. , Neuringer Martha , Kuchan Matthew J , Johnson Elizabeth J 
Published: June 2021

Lutein, a xanthophyll with antioxidant properties, preferentially accumulates in primate brain. Brain concentrations of lutein are associated with higher cognitive test scores and supplementation with lutein improves cognitive performance in older adults. The mechanism underlying this beneficial effect, however, remains unknown. Recent studies suggest the association between brain lutein and cognition may be dependent on brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, which are also related to better cognitive function. Furthermore, supplementation with both lutein and DHA has been shown to provide additional cognitive benefits in older adults compared to supplementation with either alone. Therefore, lutein and DHA may function together to influence cognition. Given that both compounds accumulate in membranes, the objective of this study was to determine the co‐localization of lutein and DHA in membranes of brain regions controlling different domains of cognitive function in adult rhesus monkeys (age 7–20 y; n=11). Nuclear, myelin, mitochondrial, and neuronal plasma membranes were isolated from prefrontal cortex, cerebellum and striatum tissue using differential centrifugation with a Ficoll density gradient. Lutein and DHA were measured using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, respectively. Results document that both lutein and DHA were differentially distributed among nuclear, myelin, mitochondrial, and neuronal plasma membranes, with levels being the lowest in mitochondrial membranes (one‐way ANOVA with Tukey HSD, P<0.05). Both followed a similar distribution pattern in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, but not cerebellum. In the prefrontal cortex, age adjusted lutein and DHA levels were inversely associated in myelin membranes only (r = −0.73, P<0.03), while in the striatum, lutein and DHA were positively related in nuclear (r = 0.77, P<0.02) and mitochondrial membranes (r = 0.88, P<0.004). Co‐localization of lutein and DHA in some membranes and regions, but not others, may be indicative of varied, and specific, functions of lutein in different brain regions. Results from this study provide the first steps toward understanding lutein's mechanism of action in the brain and its relationship to DHA.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by grants from Abbott Nutrition through the Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Memory at the University of Illinois, DSM Nutritional Products, and USDA (58‐1950‐4‐003), and NIH grant P51OD011092 to the Oregon National Primate Research Center
Identification of methylated avenanthramides in human plasma
Authors: Walsh Jason , Haddock Jordan , McKay Diane L. , Collins F. William , Blumberg Jeffrey B. , Chen C‐Y. Oliver 
Published: June 2021

Avenanthramides (AVs) are phytochemicals unique to oats consisting of an anthranilic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid linked by a pseudo‐peptide bond. We have demonstrated AV bioavailability to be low in hamsters and humans, suggesting they may be metabolized by phase II enzymes to facilitate their rapid excretion. Thus, we sought to identify the presence of phase II metabolites of 6 dominant AV isomers (A, B, C, O, P, and Q). AV‐A, ‐B, and ‐C differ in the moiety at position 3 (A: ‐H; B: ‐CH3O; and C: ‐OH) of the cinnamic acid ring, and AV‐O, ‐P, and ‐Q correspond to A, B, and C in terms of position 3 but differ in the length of the pseudo‐peptide linkage. We conducted a placebo‐controlled, crossover study in 10 healthy adults (60.4 y, BMI = 25.3). Blood was collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h after consumption of a muffin made with either 20 g AV‐enriched oat bran (containing 46.2 mg total AVs) or regular oat bran. After removal of lipids with hexane, AV phase II metabolites in the defatted plasma were extracted twice with ethyl acetate, dried under N2, and reconstituted in 55% methanol for analysis on an Agilent UPLC‐QToF‐MS equipped with an Agilent Zorbax Extend C‐18 RR HT column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm). Utilizing the MassHunter Qualitative Analysis software, we identified with a confidence score ≥80 for aglycones AV‐O and ‐A, and ≥90 for methylated AV‐O. Their detection is consistent with plasma AV results obtained after the removal of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates that AV‐O and ‐A were the most abundant isomers. AV‐A was detected at fewer time points than AV‐O probably due to its much lower circulating concentrations. AV‐A had a maximum concentration (Cmax) of 2.2 ± 1.6 ng/mL with the time to reach Cmax (Tmax) at 1.9 ± 0.8 h. The Cmax for AV‐O was 6.4 ± 3.9 ng/mL and the Tmax was 2.6 ± 0.8 h, as well as 14.0 ± 8.2 ng/mL AV‐O equivalents and 1.9 ± 0.7 h for methylated AV‐O. Though AVs are extensively transformed to phase II metabolites, our analyses reveal the presence of AV‐O and ‐A aglycones in the circulation. Ours is the first report of a methylated AV metabolite following acute AV consumption. Future studies are warranted to explore the potential bioactivity of methylated AVs.Support or Funding InformationSupported by USDA and PepsiCo