bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Castas, raças e a política colonial na Índia
Authors: Hofbauer Andreas 
Published: February 2021

<p>Em <em>Homo hierarchicus</em> (1966), Louis Dumont apresenta o sistema das castas como uma instituição social central da Índia e o opõe ao fenômeno do racismo, que o autor relaciona a sociedades nominalmente igualitárias nas quais perduram desigualdades justificadas com base em argumentos biológicos. Buscando uma alternativa a esta análise estruturalista clássica, o artigo aponta para os contextos históricos em que as castas se tornaram importantes organizações sociopolíticas e sofreram diversas remodelações: busca-se mostrar como as disputas locais, que envolviam colonizadores, elites brâmanes, protonacionalistas e até líderes dalits, contribuíram para a consolidação e disseminação do sistema de castas em todo o subcontinente. Nos diversos discursos, tanto a casta quanto a raça foram usadas como argumento não apenas para incentivar processos de identificação ou distanciamento, mas também para justificar tratamento desigual e exclusão ou reivindicar direitos específicos.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>casta | raça | colonialismo | Índia.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><em><strong>Abstract:</strong></em></p><p><em>In </em>Homo hierarchicus<em> (1966), Louis Dumont presents the caste system as a central social institution in India and opposes it to the phenomenon of racism, which the author relates to nominally egalitarian societies in which inequalities justified by biological arguments persist. Seeking an alternative to this classic structuralist analysis, this article points to the historical contexts in which caste became an important sociopolitical organization and underwent several remodelings: it seeks to show how local disputes involving colonizers, the Brahmin elites, proto-nationalists and even Dalit leaders contributed to the consolidation and dissemination of the caste system throughout the subcontinent. In various discourses, both caste and race were used as arguments not only to encourage processes of identification or distancing, but also to justify unequal treatment and exclusion or to claim specific rights.</em></p><p><em><em><strong>Keywords: </strong></em>caste | race | colonialism | India.</em></p>
“Foi quando estava acabando o tempo dos escravos”: devoção, redes familiares e conflitos nas últimas décadas da escravidão em Minas Gerais
Authors: Monteiro Lívia Nascimento 
Published: February 2021

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as redes familiares dos antepassados dos dois primeiros capitães da Associação de Congada e Moçambique de Nossa Senhora do Rosário e Nossa Senhora das Mercês nas últimas décadas da escravidão em Piedade do Rio Grande, Minas Gerais. Pretende-se apresentar as alianças, conflitos, negociações e estratégias encontradas por essas famílias escravas e libertas, bem como os caminhos percorridos no aprendizado devocional ligado à Irmandade do Rosário, na cidade vizinha a Piedade, Ibertioga. Os descendentes das famílias dos dois capitães buscaram, desde o pós-Abolição até o tempo presente, ressignificar o passado escravista vivido pelos seus parentes e comemorar a liberdade, através dos cantos, ritmos, danças, músicas e performances realizadas nas festas de Congada e Moçambique – também conhecidas como festas de maio – ao longo dos últimos noventa anos. Por fim, busca-se demonstrar que “foi quando estava acabando o tempo dos escravos” que a última geração do cativeiro de Piedade, entre escravos e livres, deixou como legado às gerações futuras as experiências sentidas e sofridas no tempo da escravidão, com as redes de proteção e os conflitos inerentes a esse período.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: famílias escravas | libertos | escravidão | Minas Gerais</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p><p><em>This article analyzes the family networks created by the ancestors of the two first captains of the Associação Congada e Moçambique de Nossa Senhora do Rosário e Nossa Senhora das Mercês during the last decades of slavery in Piedade do Rio Grande, Minas Gerais, Brazil. I show the alliances, conflicts, negotiations and strategies utilized by the families of slaves and freed people, as well as the paths taken in devotional learning at the Irmandade do Rosário, in Ibertioga, a nearby city. From the Post-Abolition period until the present, the two captains’ descendants have sought to resignify the history of slavery experienced by their relatives, celebrating their freedom through songs, rhythms and dances performed during the Congada e Moçambique celebrations (also known as the “May Festivities”). Lastly, I argue that “when slavery was ending” in Piedade, the last generation to live through those times, both enslaved and freed people, left their experience of suffering as a legacy for the future generations, including the networks of protection and conflicts inherent to that period.</em></p><p><em><strong>Keywords</strong>: enslaved families | freed people | slavery | Minas Gerais</em></p>
“Aceite a benção e um apertado abraço de sua carinhosa mãe”: escravidão, diásporas e a perenidade dos laços familiares (Porto Alegre, Salvador, século XIX)
Authors: Moreira Paulo Staudt 
Published: February 2021

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a continuidade e a estrutura dos laços familiares em situações de diáspora e desterritorialidade. A diáspora transatlântica não esgota a questão dos traumas e desvinculamentos acarretados pela escravidão. Trazidos escravizados para o Brasil, os africanos eram ainda vítimas de transações mercantis que os faziam ir, junto com suas famílias aqui criadas, para diferentes províncias do Império, conforme as necessidades locais e os rumos do tráfico interprovincial. Alguns documentos, mesmo que residuais, nos permitem mesclar agência e estrutura na sociedade escravista, e pensar como os arranjos familiares e afetivos se mantinham. A ideia é acompanhar a trajetória de alguns indivíduos africanos e seus filhos crioulos, cogitando como eles construíam e mantinham seus arranjos afetivo-familiares.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>escravidão | diásporas | família |aAlforrias.</p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em><strong>Abstract:</strong></em></p><p><em>This paper analyzes the continuity and structure of family ties in diasporic and deterritorial contexts. The transatlantic diaspora</em> <em>does not exhaust the trauma caused by the shattering of affective ties shattered by enslavement. After arriving in Brazil as slaves, Africans were further victimized by commercial transactions that forced them (aas well as members of their families created here) to move to different provinces of the Empire, caught up in the web of the inter-provincial slave trade. Archival evidence, although fragmentary and indirect, provides clues about the mechanisms of agency and structure in slave society, making it possible to understand how family and affective arrangements were maintained. The idea is to follow the trajectories of some Africans and their Creole (i.e., Brazilian-born) children, examining how they built and maintained their affective-family arrangements.</em></p><p><em></em><em><em><strong>Keywords: </strong></em>slavery | diasporas | family | manumissions.</em></p>
A quantas mãos se escreve a História da literatura? A política das divergências teóricas na Indonésia
Authors: Silva Felipe Vale da 
Published: February 2021

<p>Este artigo parte de uma história das origens da literatura moderna indonésia que, por muito tempo, foi aceita como oficial: ela conta como os nativos das então chamadas Índias Orientais Neerlandesas desenvolveram sua expressão literária devido a políticas educacionais da coroa holandesa, sobretudo o pacote de reformas promulgado em 1901 conhecido como Ethische politiek. O novo código colonial não só injetou dinheiro público para difundir os saberes, como criou uma editora oficial da colônia, a Balai Pustaka, que dali em diante monitoraria o material literário “adequado” para a população local. Analisam-se as implicações futuras dessa medida (que terminou por monopolizar o mercado editorial indonésio e calar autores dissidentes) e o surgimento recente de releituras da história das origens da modernidade literária no país.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>historiografia da literatura | Literatura indonésia | <em>Balai Pustaka</em> | Andries Teeuw | Pós-colonialismo.<strong></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong></p><p><em>This paper begins with a history of the origins of modern Indonesian literature, one that for a long time has been accepted as the official version: accordingly, natives of what was then called the Dutch East Indies developed their literary expression due to the educational policies of the Dutch crown, especially after the reform package promulgated in 1901 known as Ethische politiek. The new colonial code not only had injected public money in order to spread knowledge, but also created an official publishing house in the colony, the Balai Pustaka, which thitherto would have monitored the ‘proper’ literary material for the local population. We analyze the future implications of such a measure (one that ended up creating a monopoly over the Indonesian editorial market and stifling dissident authors), as well as the recent onset of reinterpretations of the history of origins of literary modernity in that country.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>historiography of literature | Indonesian literature | </em>Balai Pustaka<em> | </em>Andries Teeuw <em>| Postcolonialism.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>
Entre Senegâmbia e Angola: comércio atlântico, protagonismo africano e dinâmicas regionais (séculos XVII e XIX)
Authors: Malacco Felipe Silveira de Oliveira , Gonçalves Ivan Sicca 
Published: February 2021

<p>Este artigo tem por intenção discutir o funcionamento do comércio de longa distância no interior de duas regiões que foram profundamente integradas às malhas do comércio atlântico, a Senegâmbia e a Angola Central, em dois momentos de reconfiguração econômica dessas macrorregiões: a intensificação do contato dos povos da Senegâmbia com o comércio atlântico nos séculos XVI e XVII e as novas demandas por gêneros coloniais de Angola em meados do XIX, após a proibição legal do tráfico de escravizados. Para isso, analisamos as dinâmicas sociais e econômicas pré-existentes nas regiões, os agentes comerciais envolvidos neste comércio, bem como a circulação de mercadorias atlânticas, debatendo por fim sobre as transformações políticas, sociais e econômicas causadas por esses processos históricos.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>comércio atlântico | agência | Senegâmbia | Planalto Central angolano.</p><p> <em> </em></p><p><em><em><strong>Abstract:</strong></em></em></p><p><em>This article discusses the operation of long distance trade within two regions that have been deeply integrated into </em><em>networks of </em><em>Atlantic </em><em>commerce</em><em>, Senegambia and Central Angola, </em><em>during</em><em> two </em><em>periods when these macro-regions </em><em>were undergoing economic reconfiguration: the intensification of contact </em><em>by </em><em>Senegambian peoples with Atlantic trade in the 16th and 17th centuries, and the new demands for colonial goods from Angola in the mid-1800s, after the real prohibition</em> <em>of the slave trade. Thus, we analyze the preexisting social and economic dynamics in the regions, the commercial agents, and the circulation of Atlantic goods, debating the political, social and economic transformations caused by these historical processes.</em></p><p><em><em><em><strong>Keywords: </strong></em></em>atlantic commerce | agency | Senegambia | Angolan Central Highlands.</em></p>
A literatura como suplemento da história em memórias silenciadas sobre a nação
Authors: Reis Mírian Sumica Carneiro 
Published: February 2021

<p>Resenha de:<br />SILVA, Fabiana Carneiro da. <em>Ominíbú – maternidade negra em Um defeito de cor</em>. Salvador: EDUFBA, 2019. 228p.</p>
Assessing the phylogenetic host breadth of millet pathogens and its implication for disease spillover
Authors: Ssebuliba Edward , Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract1. Increasing agriculture intensification has led to dramatically improved crop yields; however, this shift in agricultural practice has been accompanied by increasing threats from new and emerging plant pathogens. While the pathogens associated with crop species are often well studied, especially within North America and Europe, less is known about pathogen pressures on crops elsewhere, and our ability to predict the emergence of novel pathogens is limited. Here, we model phylogenetic constraints on the distribution of pathogens of millet – one of the most important crops in Africa.2. We conducted a literature review to compile a database of common millet pathogens and the non‐millet host crops associated with each. We then characterized the phylogenetic host range for each pathogen using measures of mean pairwise distance (MPD) and mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) separating crop hosts.3. We detected robust phylogenetic clustering for both metrics of phylogenetic dispersion (MPD and MNTD). Evidence for phylogenetic clustering tended to be stronger (more negative standard effect sizes) and more variable for MPD than for MNTD.4. Although patterns for individual pathogens were variable, we did not find significant differences in phylogenetic dispersion of hosts among pathogen types (bacteria, viruses and fungi). However, in several cases, we observed evidence of phylogenetic clustering in evolutionarily distant host clades, a possible signal of occasional large phylogenetic host jumps.5. We show that pathogens cluster on closely related hosts, and it is thus likely that closely related millets also share similar pathogen communities. On average, the probability of a pathogen host shift may, therefore, be predicted by the phylogenetic relatedness between host species. However, host shifts between distantly related hosts are not infrequent. This finding has relevance not only for the design of agronomic systems to reduce disease spillover but also for biological control agents risk analysis, quarantine regulations in international trade and our understanding of the distribution and abundance of plants in natural systems.
Tissierellaceae
Authors: Lawson Paul A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Tis.sier.el.la.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Tissierella
, type genus of the family; ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Tissierellaceae
, the
Tissierella
family.

Firmicutes / Tissierellia / Tissierellales / Tissierellaceae

Members of this family consist of anaerobic or aerotolerant, rod‐shaped cells. Most species are motile and have spores; the optimum temperature and pH range from 37 to 60°C and 7.5–8.5. Possess Gram‐positive‐type cell‐wall structures, but Gram‐staining reactions can be variable or, in the case of
Schnurera ultunensis,
is Gram‐stain‐negative. Most species produce spores. Metabolic end products are acetic acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid. The G + C content is 27–43 mol%. Common chemotaxonomic information such as peptidoglycan type and fatty acids have not been routinely reported. The family
Tissierellaceae
is currently composed of the genera
Tissierella, Gudongella, Sporoanaerobacter
,
Soehngenia
,
Tepidimicrobium
,
Anaerosalibacter
, and
Schnurera
. Isolated from anaerobic digesters, freshwater hot spring, waste motor‐oil tank, human infections, and human blood and feces.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 27–43.

Type genus
:
Tissierella
Collins and Shah 1986
VP
emend. Farrow et al. 1995, Bae et al. 2004, Alauzet et al. 2014.
Enhanced Neural Differentiation Using Simultaneous Application of 3D Scaffold Culture, Fluid Flow, and Electrical Stimulation in Bioreactors
Authors: Grossemy Simon , Chan Peggy P. Y. , Doran Pauline M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeural differentiation is studied using a simultaneous application of 3D scaffold culture and hydrodynamic and electrical stimuli in purpose‐designed recirculation bioreactors operated with continuous fluid flow. Pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells are seeded into nonwoven microfibrous viscose‐rayon scaffolds functionalized with poly‐l‐lysine and laminin. Compared with the results from static control cultures with and without electrical stimulation and bioreactor cultures with the fluid flow without electrical stimulation, expression levels of the differentiation markers β3‐tubulin, shootin1, and ephrin type‐A receptor 2 are greatest when cells are cultured in bioreactors with fluid flow combined with in‐situ electrical stimulus. Immunocytochemical assessment of neurite development and morphology within the scaffolds confirm the beneficial effects of exposing the cells to concurrent hydrodynamic and electrical treatments. Under the conditions tested, electrical stimulation by itself produces more pronounced levels of cell differentiation than fluid flow alone; however, significant additional improvements in differentiation are achieved by combining these treatments. Fluid flow and electrical stimuli exert independent and noninteractive effects on cellular differentiation, suggesting that interference between the mechanisms of differentiation enhancement by these two treatments is minimal during their simultaneous application. This work demonstrates the beneficial effects of combining several different potent physical environmental stimuli in cell culture systems to promote neurogenesis.
Re‐Printable Chiral Photonic Paper with Invisible Patterns and Tunable Wettability
Authors: Chen Ruilian , Feng Dengchong , Chen Guojian , Chen Xudong , Hong Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe construction of invisible patterns via high‐resolution printing and the independent encoding/decoding of complex information can lead to promising applications in steganography and watermarking for optical encryption. Herein, a rewritable chiral photonic paper formed by cholesteric cellulose nanocrystals and polycation is reported. The chemically crosslinked polycation network interpenetrates in the cholesteric structure while retaining the optical properties of the photonic crystals. The film exhibits controllable wettability via anion exchange, leading to extremely low contrast in the dry state but high contrast by a rapid wetting response. Triple invisible information is independently encoded on the films, including invisible patterns caused by reversible counterion‐controlled wettability, permanent fluorescent labels based on fluorescent counterions, and polarization‐dependent structural colors based on cholesteric structures. Full color patterns can be reversibly constructed via inkjet printing, with a high resolution of 100 µm. In addition, the circular polarization characteristics of the cellulose nanocrystals, liquid crystals, endow the system with complex and independent responses, realizing a wetting/polarization double‐key decryption. This work provides a simple and effective optical technique for coding complex information on a single material platform and expands the techniques available to achieve invisible patterns for sensing and anti‐counterfeiting.
Upconversion Nanoparticles Hybridized Cyanobacterial Cells for Near‐Infrared Mediated Photosynthesis and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Huo Minfeng , Liu Peilei , Zhang Linlin , Wei Chenyang , Wang Liying , Chen Yu , Shi Jianlin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe hypoxic hallmark of tumor has aroused substantial burdens on a variety of therapeutic modalities including photodynamic therapy (PDT). Recently, biological oxygen evolution enabled by photosynthetic cyanobacterial cells has emerged as one of the most advanced and promising tissue oxygenation strategies, which is particularly beneficial for in situ tumor‐PDT. Herein, a near infrared‐driven PDT platform based on the photosynthetic cyanobacterial cells hybridized with photosensitizer rose bengal (RB)‐loaded upconversion nanoparticles, named as UR‐Cyan cells, is reported. Upon the irradiation of 980 nm laser and its upconversions to shorter wavelengths, the formulated UR‐Cyan cells are both photosynthetically active for oxygen production and photosensitive for the subsequent singlet oxygen generation by the photosensitizer, resulting in enhanced and sustainable PDT efficacy against tumor cells/tissues. The present design offers a practical approach to conquer the hypoxic burden of PDT operations against a wide range of pathological lesions with excellent biocompatibility and clinical promises.
Graphene Oxide‐Doped Gellan Gum–PEGDA Bilayered Hydrogel Mimicking the Mechanical and Lubrication Properties of Articular Cartilage
Authors: Trucco Diego , Vannozzi Lorenzo , Teblum Eti , Telkhozhayeva Madina , Nessim Gilbert Daniel , Affatato Saverio , Al‐Haddad Hind , Lisignoli Gina , Ricotti Leonardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArticular cartilage (AC) is a specialized connective tissue able to provide a low‐friction gliding surface supporting shock‐absorption, reducing stresses, and guaranteeing wear‐resistance thanks to its structure and mechanical and lubrication properties. Being an avascular tissue, AC has a limited ability to heal defects. Nowadays, conventional strategies show several limitations, which results in ineffective restoration of chondral defects. Several tissue engineering approaches have been proposed to restore the AC's native properties without reproducing its mechanical and lubrication properties yet. This work reports the fabrication of a bilayered structure made of gellan gum (GG) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), able to mimic the mechanical and lubrication features of both AC superficial and deep zones. Through appropriate combinations of GG and PEGDA, cartilage Young's modulus is effectively mimicked for both zones. Graphene oxide is used as a dopant agent for the superficial hydrogel layer, demonstrating a lower friction than the nondoped counterpart. The bilayered hydrogel's antiwear properties are confirmed by using a knee simulator, following ISO 14243. Finally, in vitro tests with human chondrocytes confirm the absence of cytotoxicity effects. The results shown in this paper open the way to a multilayered synthetic injectable or surgically implantable filler for restoring AC defects.
Miniaturized Needle Array‐Mediated Drug Delivery Accelerates Wound Healing
Authors: Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Aghabaglou Fariba , Nuutila Kristo , Derakhshandeh Hossein , Zhang Yuteng , Endo Yori , Harris Seth , Barnum Lindsay , Kreikemeier‐Bower Craig , Arab‐Tehrany Elmira , Peppas Nicholas A. , Sinha Indranil , Tamayol Ali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA major impediment preventing normal wound healing is insufficient vascularization, which causes hypoxia, poor metabolic support, and dysregulated physiological responses to injury. To combat this, the delivery of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been shown to provide modest improvement in wound healing. Here, the importance of specialty delivery systems is explored in controlling wound bed drug distribution and consequently improving healing rate and quality. Two intradermal drug delivery systems, miniaturized needle arrays (MNAs) and liquid jet injectors (LJIs), are evaluated to compare effective VEGF delivery into the wound bed. The administered drug's penetration depth and distribution in tissue are significantly different between the two technologies. These systems' capability for efficient drug delivery is first confirmed in vitro and then assessed in vivo. While topical administration of VEGF shows limited effectiveness, intradermal delivery of VEGF in a diabetic murine model accelerates wound healing. To evaluate the translational feasibility of the strategy, the benefits of VEGF delivery using MNAs are assessed in a porcine model. The results demonstrate enhanced angiogenesis, reduced wound contraction, and increased regeneration. These findings show the importance of both therapeutics and delivery strategy in wound healing.