bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A half-day flowering pattern helps plants sharing pollinators in an oceanic island community
Authors: Wang Xiangping , Zeng Tong , Wu Mingsong , Zhang Dianxiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe temporal pattern of flower opening and closure is a feature of the biology of many plant species, particularly those inhabiting oceanic islands where flowering generally lasts for only a few hours per day. Additionally, flower visitors often seek different floral sources on a timely basis, thus the relative timing of interactions is central to their status in pollination competition, or in the facilitation of pollination among co-flowering plants sharing pollinators. However, few studies have examined the impacts of daily temporal variation in flowering patterns on the pollinator network and competition on a community scale. In order to examine whether the daily pattern of flower opening and closure can impose temporal dynamics on interspecific interactions within a single day, plant–pollinator interaction networks (AM subweb and PM subweb) were quantified, and the relevant interactions between the two subwebs were compared using the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity of visitation frequencies in an oceanic island community (Paracel Islands, South China Sea). The role of species within networks and its variation between two subwebs were assessed by calculating the species-level specialization and species strength of each plant and pollinator species. The quantitative plant–pollinator interaction dissimilarity between morning and afternoon subsets was 0.69, and this value dropped to 0.58 when considering plant species flowering throughout the day. In our study, this dissimilarity between the two subwebs might be explained by the morning peak activity rather than a preference for morning flowers. No significant differences were detected in the species-level specialization and species strength of plants flowering all day from morning to afternoon at the community level. The flower visitation rates of native honeybeeApis ceranawere not significantly different between morning and afternoon for most of the whole-day flowering plants. However, plant species only flowering either in the morning or the afternoon differed in the rate of visitation byA. cerana. The analyses of variation in the visitation rates of pollinators shared by plants within a single day in the studied community suggest that daily structuring at a community level and half-day staggered flowering during the morning or afternoon might reduce competitive interactions in oceanic insular habitats.
FORMAL VERSUS INFORMAL L2 LEARNING
Authors: De Wilde Vanessa , Brysbaert Marc , Eyckmans June 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA second language can be learned inside and outside the classroom. In this study we investigated the English and French vocabulary knowledge of 110 Dutch-speaking children (age 10–12), who received 100 hours of instruction in French, whereas their contact with English came from out-of-school exposure only. We examined the role of individual differences (out-of-school exposure and gender) and word-related variables (cognateness, frequency, and language). The children completed a receptive vocabulary test in English and French and filled in a questionnaire. The results showed that the children had a larger vocabulary knowledge in English than in French, illustrating the power of contextual language learning. Word learning was influenced by the amount of exposure, word frequency, and cognateness. Additionally, English words were easier to learn than French words for the participants we tested. Our results point to the need for out-of-school exposure to supplement language learning in the classroom.
Extremal problems for GCDs
Authors: Green Ben , Walker Aled 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe prove that if
$A \subseteq [X,\,2X]$
and
$B \subseteq [Y,\,2Y]$
are sets of integers such that gcd (a, b) ⩾ D for at least δ|A||B| pairs (a, b) ε A × B then
$|A||B|{ \ll _{\rm{\varepsilon }}}{\delta ^{ - 2 - \varepsilon }}XY/{D^2}$
. This is a new result even when δ = 1. The proof uses ideas of Koukoulopoulos and Maynard and some additional combinatorial arguments.
Temperate approach to ASD closure in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the fenestrated patch technique
Authors: Arslanoglu Ergin , Cine Nihat , Kara Kenan Abdurrahman , Yılmaz Abdullah Arif , Tomrukcu Fatih , Bicer Mehmet , Tuncer Eylem , yavuz Yasemin , Ceyran Hakan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe most common CHD in the adult patient population is an atrial septal defect due to its asymptomatic nature in early life. However, when diagnosis and treatment are delayed, pulmonary arterial hypertension may develop as a long-term complication, sometimes before adulthood. The presence of PAH adversely affects the results of surgical treatment and may even eliminate the feasibility of surgery in some patients. In such patients who have high pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance at the margin of inoperability, the response to the acute vasoreactivity test determines the treatment modality.In our retrospective study, a total of 906 patients who underwent ASD closure between January, 2011 and November, 2020, seven of which had undergone the fenestrated patch procedure after they were identified to have high PAP, but positive AVT test response were included. Short-term follow-up of patients with fenestrated ASD patches revealed decreased pulmonary pressure, regression in NYHA classification, and improvement in symptoms.The fenestrated patch technique should be kept in mind as an option to expand the surgical spectrum in the treatment of patients with high pulmonary pressures, where complete closure is risky. It appears that the fenestrated patch technique is a safe approach in the management of pulmonary hypertension in patients with ASD who have pulmonary hypertension, according to short- and midterm follow-up findings.
Bilinguals on the garden-path: Individual differences in syntactic ambiguity resolution
Authors: Brothers Trevor , Hoversten Liv J , Traxler Matthew J 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSyntactic parsing plays a central role in the interpretation of sentences, but it is unclear to what extent non-native speakers can deploy native-like grammatical knowledge during online comprehension. The current eye-tracking study investigated how Chinese–English bilinguals and native English speakers respond to syntactic category and subcategorization information while reading sentences with object-subject ambiguities. We also obtained measures of English language experience, working memory capacity, and executive function to determine how these cognitive variables influence online parsing. During reading, monolinguals and bilinguals showed similar garden-path effects related to syntactic reanalysis, but native English speakers responded more robustly to verb subcategorization cues. Readers with greater language experience and executive function showed increased sensitivity to verb subcategorization cues, but parsing was not influenced by working memory capacity. These results are consistent with exposure-based accounts of bilingual sentence processing, and they support a link between syntactic processing and domain-general cognitive control.
Fundamental physical and resource requirements for a Martian magnetic shield
Authors: DuPont Marcus , Murphy Jeremiah W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMars lacks a substantial magnetic field; as a result, the solar wind ablates the Martian atmosphere, and cosmic rays from solar flares make the surface uninhabitable. Therefore, any terraforming attempt will require an artificial Martian magnetic shield. The fundamental challenge of building an artificial magnetosphere is to condense planetary-scale currents and magnetic fields down to the smallest mass possible. Superconducting electromagnets offer a way to do this. However, the underlying physics of superconductors and electromagnets limits this concentration. Based upon these fundamental limitations, we show that the amount of superconducting material is proportional to $B_{\rm c}^{-2}a^{-3}$, where Bc is the critical magnetic field for the superconductor and a is the loop radius of a solenoid. Since Bc is set by fundamental physics, the only truly adjustable parameter for the design is the loop radius; a larger loop radius minimizes the amount of superconducting material required. This non-intuitive result means that the ‘intuitive’ strategy of building a compact electromagnet and placing it between Mars and the Sun at the first Lagrange point is unfeasible. Considering reasonable limits on Bc, the smallest possible loop radius is ~10 km, and the magnetic shield would have a mass of ~ 1019 g. Most high-temperature superconductors are constructed of rare elements; given solar system abundances, building a superconductor with ~ 1019 g would require mining a solar system body with several times 1025 g; this is approximately 10% of Mars. We find that the most feasible design is to encircle Mars with a superconducting wire with a loop radius of ~3400 km. The resulting wire diameter can be as small as ~5 cm. With this design, the magnetic shield would have a mass of ~ 1012 g and would require mining ~ 1018 g, or only 0.1% of Olympus Mons.
Characterization of putative salinity-responsive biomarkers in olive (Olea europaea L.)
Authors: Sadder Monther T. , Ateyyeh Ahmad F. , Alswalmah Hodayfah , Zakri Adel M. , Alsadon Abdullah A. , Al-Doss Abdullah A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLow-quality water and soil salinization are increasingly becoming limiting factors for food production, including olive – a major fruit crop in several parts of the world. Identifying putative salinity-stress tolerance in olive would be helpful in the future development of new tolerant varieties. In this study, novel salinity-responsive biomarkers (SRBs) were characterized in the species, namely, monooxygenase 1 (OeMO1), cation calcium exchanger 1 (OeCCX1), salt tolerance protein (OeSTO), proteolipid membrane potential modulator (OePMP3), universal stress protein (OeUSP2), adaptor protein complex 4 medium mu4 subunit (OeAP-4), WRKY1 transcription factor (OeWRKY1) and potassium transporter 2 (OeKT2). Unique structural features were highlighted for encoded proteins as compared with other plant homologues. The expression of olive SRBs was investigated in leaves of young plantlets of two cultivars, ‘Nabali’ (moderately tolerant) and ‘Picual’ (tolerant). At 60 mM NaCl stress level, OeMO1, OeSTO, OePMP3, OeUSP2, OeAP-4 and OeWRKY1 were up-regulated in ‘Nabali’ as compared with ‘Picual’. On the other hand, OeCCX1 and OeKT2 were up-regulated at three stress levels (30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl) in ‘Picual’ as compared to ‘Nabali’. Salinity tolerance in olive presumably engages multiple sets of responsive genes triggered by different stress levels.
Struggling to Fix Teams in Real Work Settings: A Challenge Assessment and an Intervention Toolbox
Authors: Alcover Carlos-María , Rico Ramón , West Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAfter more than 80 years in predicting organizational performance, empirical evidence reveals a science of teams that seems unable to consistently implement solutions for teams performing in real work settings –outside and away from the isolated teams breeding in research laboratories in the academic context. To bridge this growing practitioners-researchers divide, we first identify five main challenges involved in working with teams today (purposeful team staffing; proper task design and allocation; task and interaction process functionality; appropriate affective tone; and suitable team assessment). And second, we offer a toolbox of interventions (empowering and restorative) to help practitioners to transform the potential threats inherent in these challenges into opportunities for team effectiveness. Our five-challenge diagnosis and proposed intervention toolbox contribute to better address research questions and theoretical falsifiability using teams performing in real work settings, and to assess and intervene in teams by adjusting their internal functioning to contextual conditions and constraints.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Identification in the Relation between Organizational Social Capital, Perceived Organizational Prestige, Perceived Employability and Career Satisfaction
Authors: Peña-González Karina , Nazar Gabriela , Alcover Carlos-María 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn career development, a variety of personal, organizational and labor market variables challenge employees and organizations, in particular those in dynamic working environments, such as higher education (HE) institutions. This study examines the association between work history, organizational social capital (OSC) and perceived organizational prestige (POP) as antecedent variables, and perceived employability (PE) and career satisfaction (CS) as outcome variables, as well as the mediating role of organizational identification (OI) in these relations. A sample of 283 workers in Chilean HE institutions filled out an on-line questionnaire, and hypotheses were tested using a mediation model. Results indicated a significant mediation effect of OI, abt= 0.363, 95% CI [0.181, 0.576] abt/c = 31.98%, to explain the relationship between internal perceived employability (IPE) and its predictor variables POP, abpo= 0.102, 95% CI [0.056, 0.160], abpo/c = 9.01%, and OSC, abcsoc= 0.101, 95% CI [0.053, 0.183, abcsoc/c = 8.89%. Promoting a positive image of the organization and its social capital, strengthened by OI, emerge as strategies for HR management oriented toward workers’ career development, with consequent implications for commitment, intention to leave and ultimately for organizational results. The study provides a deeper understanding of the complexity of careers and explains the importance of identification with the organization when the impact of organizational attributes on one’s career is analyzed.
Chilean Version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ) Scale: Adaptation and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Fernández Ana María , Baeza Carmen Gloria , Pavez Paula , Aldunate Nerea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We evaluated the psychometric properties of the empathy quotient (EQ) scale translated to Spanish in Chile. We estimated its structural validity, and its construct validity with other convergent measures of empathy and attachment, as well an inversely associated construct such as aggression. We used a general sample of students and community individuals (n = 336). Participants completed the EQ, Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Another exclusively community group (n = 102) completed Collins Adult Attachment scale and the EQ. CFA and ESEM analyses confirmed the structural model fit of the data to three previously reported dimensions of the EQ: cognitive empathy (CE), emotional reactivity (ER) and social skills (SS). Sex-differences in emotional reactivity, and the predicted relationships with the convergent measures were observed. The current Chilean version of the EQ resulted in an appropriate multidimensional measurement of empathy. Finally, providing a specific social skills dimension extends the traditional conception of cognitive and affective empathy to the social realm in the Chilean context.
Diagenesis Revealed by Fine‐Scale Features at Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Bennett Kristen A. , Rivera‐Hernández Frances , Tinker Connor , Horgan Briony , Fey Deirdra M. , Edwards Christopher , Edgar Lauren A. , Kronyak Rachel , Edgett Kenneth S. , Fraeman Abigail , Kah Linda C. , Henderson Marie , Stein Nathan , Dehouck Erwin , Williams Amy J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFine‐scale (submillimeter to centimeter) depositional and diagenetic features encountered during the Curiosity rover's traverse in Gale crater provide a means to understand the geologic history of Vera Rubin ridge (VRR). VRR is a topographically high feature on the lower north slope of Aeolis Mons, a 5‐km high stratified mound within Gale crater. We use high‐spatial resolution images from the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) as well as grain sizes estimated with the Gini index mean score technique that uses ChemCam Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) chemical data to constrain the postdepositional history of the strata exposed on this ridge. MAHLI images were used to examine the color, grain size, and style of lamination of the host rocks, as well as to explore the occurrence of nodules, diagenetic crystals, pits, and a variety of dark‐gray iron‐rich features. This survey revealed abundant and widespread diagenetic features within the rocks exposed on VRR and demonstrated that rock targets estimated to be coarser generally contain more diagenetic features than those estimated to have finer grains, which indicate that grain size may have influenced the degree and type of diagenesis. A subset of rocks within VRR are gray in color and exhibit the highest proportion of diagenetic features. We suggest that these targets experienced a different diagenetic history than the other rocks on VRR and hypothesize that redistribution and recrystallization of iron within specific intervals may have resulted in both the gray color and the abundance of dark‐gray iron‐rich diagenetic features.
Brazil Current Volume Transport Variability During 2009–2015 From a Long‐Term Moored Array at 34.5°S
Authors: Chidichimo M. P. , Piola A. R. , Meinen C. S. , Perez R. C. , Campos E. J. D. , Dong S. , Lumpkin R. , Garzoli S. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Brazil Current, the western limb of the subtropical gyre of the South Atlantic Ocean, is one of the major Western Boundary Currents of the global ocean. Here, we present the first multiyear continuous daily time series of Brazil Current absolute volume transport obtained using 6+ years of observations from a line of four pressure‐recording inverted echo sounders (PIES) deployed at 34.5°S. The array was augmented in December 2012 with two current meter‐equipped PIES and in December 2013 with a moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler on the upper continental slope. The Brazil Current is bounded by the sea surface and the neutral density interface separating South Atlantic Central Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water, which is on average at a reference pressure of 628 ± 46 dbar, and it is confined west of 49.5°W. The Brazil Current has a mean strength of −14.0 ± 2.8 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1; negative indicates southward flow) with a temporal standard deviation of 8.8 Sv and peak‐to‐peak range from −41.7 to +20 Sv. About 80% of the absolute transport variance is concentrated at periods shorter than 150 days with a prominent peak at 100 days. The baroclinic component accounts for 85% of the absolute transport variance, but the barotropic variance is not negligible. The baroclinic and barotropic transports are uncorrelated, demonstrating the need to measure both transport components independently. Given the energetic high frequency transport variations, statistically significant seasonal to interannual variability and trends have yet to be detected.
Characteristics of Electric Currents in Upward Lightning Flashes From a Windmill and its Lightning Protection Tower in Japan, 2005–2016
Authors: Wang Xiankang , Wang Daohong , He Junjia , Takagi Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe examine the lightning current of 81 upward lightning (UL) initiated from a windmill and its lightning protection tower in Japan under winter thunderstorms from 2005 to 2016. Among 81 UL, the negative, positive, and bipolar lightning account for 64%, 12%, and 24%, respectively. After checking the current waveforms during the initial stage (IS) of negative UL, we found that self‐initiated negative UL have larger peak value and shorter rise time compared to other‐triggered ones, although two types of negative UL show no significant difference in charge transfer and duration. Among 18 self‐initiated negative UL, half of them are initiated from the windmill. On the other hand, only two of 27 other‐triggered negative UL are from the windmill and both of them have smaller current peak value, shorter duration, and smaller charge transfer. According to whether or not the IS current waveforms exhibit pulsation, we have classified UL into type S (smooth), SP (transition from smooth to pulsation), and P (pulsation). We found that the rate of slow current rise for most type P UL is larger than 0.1 kA/ms, whereas for all type S UL the rate is smaller than 0.01 kA/ms. The type SP UL shows a slow current rise rate ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 kA/ms. We found that the current pulsation of type P UL corresponds to the stepwise propagation of a positive leader. Based on these results, we have discussed the effect of the lightning protection tower and the stepwise propagation of positive leaders.
Geophysical and Geochemical Constraints on Neogene‐Recent Volcanism in the North American Cordillera
Authors: Hyndman Roy D. , Canil Dante 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWidespread recent volcanic rocks occur across the Cordillera landward of the current/recent volcanic arc Mexico to Alaska and most other subduction backarcs. We conclude that most are produced by partial melt in the upper asthenosphere where two conditions are met: (1) thin lithosphere, shallow hot asthenosphere. Most of the Cordillera is uniformly hot with thin lithosphere such that the hot asthenosphere extends up to a sufficiently shallow depth to intersects the wet solidus; (2) wet upper asthenosphere. There is substantial water in the upper asthenosphere that reduces the solidus sufficiently for partial melting. We integrate geochemical analyses that constrain the partial melt source temperature and depth, seismic velocities that define the upper mantle temperature and partial melt zones, and seismic receiver functions that define the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB). Geochemical data for the Canadian Cordillera are integrated with data from the western United States. Upper mantle xenoliths indicate a dry strong lithosphere, <50 ppm H2O. A wet asthenosphere source, >250 ppm, is indicated by the volcanics, facilitating small‐scale convection. Geochemical equilibration averages ∼1,350°C, at ∼65 km. Receiver functions also define the LAB at ∼65 km for the western Cordillera, deeper in the eastern US Cordillera, and asthenosphere tomography velocities indicate ∼1,350°C. Low velocities above ∼150 km suggest a few percent partial melt that percolates upward and ponds at the base of the lithosphere until enough accumulates to locally penetrate upward. The 65‐km depth may be controlled by the spinel‐garnet phase transition. Mechanisms are discussed for the spatial distribution of recent volcanics.