bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An observational study of intermediate‐ or high‐dose thromboprophylaxis for critically ill COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Jonmarker Sandra , Litorell Jacob , Dahlberg Martin , Stackelberg Otto , Everhov Åsa H. , Söderberg Mårten , Rubenson‐Wahlin Rebecka , Günther Mattias , Mårtensson Johan , Hollenberg Jacob , Joelsson‐Alm Eva , Cronhjort Maria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill COVID‐19 patients have a high reported incidence of thromboembolic complications and the optimal dose of thromboprophylaxis is not yet determined. The aim of this study was to investigate if 90‐day mortality differed between patients treated with intermediate‐ or high‐dose thromboprophylaxis.MethodIn this retrospective study, all critically ill COVID‐19 patients admitted to intensive care from March 6th until July 15th, 2020, were eligible. Patients were categorized into groups according to daily dose of thromboprophylaxis. Dosing was based on local standardized recommendations, not on degree of critical illness or risk of thrombosis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios of death within 90 days from ICU admission. Multivariable models were adjusted for sex, age, body‐mass index, Simplified Acute Physiology Score III, invasive respiratory support, glucocorticoids, and dosing strategy of thromboprophylaxis.ResultsA total of 165 patients were included; 92 intermediate‐ and 73 high‐dose thromboprophylaxis. Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups. The 90‐day mortality was 19.6% in patients with intermediate‐dose and 19.2% in patients with high‐dose thromboprophylaxis. Multivariable hazard ratio of death within 90 days was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.36–1.53) for the high‐dose group compared to intermediate‐dose group. Multivariable hazard ratio for thromboembolic events and bleedings within 28 days was 0.93 (95% CI 0.37–2.29) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.28–2.54) for high versus intermediate dose, respectively.ConclusionsA difference in 90‐day mortality between intermediate‐ and high‐dose thromboprophylaxis could neither be confirmed nor rejected due to a small sample size.
Integrated analysis of whole genome and transcriptome sequencing reveals a frameshift mutation associated with recessive embryonic lethality in Holstein cattle
Authors: Yang Y. , Si J. , Lv X. , Dai D. , Liu L. , Tang S. , Wang Y. , Zhang S. , Xiao W. , Zhang Y. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryEmbryo loss is an important factor affecting fertility in dairy production. HH2 was identified as a haplotype on chromosome 1 associated with embryonic lethality in Holstein cattle. In the current study, both short‐ and long‐read WGS was performed on four carriers and four non‐carriers of HH2 to screen for variants in concordance with HH2 haplotype status. Sequence variation analysis revealed five putative functional variants of protein‐coding genes, including a frameshift mutation (g.107172616delT) in intraflagellar transport protein 80 (IFT80) gene. Transcriptome analysis of whole blood indicated that no gene exhibited significantly differential expression or allele‐specific expression between carriers and non‐carriers in the candidate region. This evidence points to g.107172616delT as the highest priority causative mutation for HH2. Protein prediction reveals that the frameshift mutation results in a premature stop codon to reduce the peptide chain from 760 to 383 amino acids and greatly alters the structure and function of IFT80 protein. Our results demonstrate that the use of a combination of multiple high‐throughput sequencing technologies is an efficient strategy to screen for the candidate causative mutations responsible for Mendelian traits, including genetic disorders.
Predictors of health‐related quality of life in older New Zealanders with cardiovascular health problems
Authors: Montayre Jed , Ho Mu‐Hsing , Chang Hui‐Chen (Rita) , Liu Megan F. , Chang Chia‐Chi , Fernandez Ritin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveWith longer life expectancies, cardiovascular diseases are increasingly common among older adults, which also leads to functional changes that severely impact their quality of life. This study aimed to identify the predictors of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among older New Zealanders with cardiovascular health problems.MethodsA cross‐sectional data analysis of the 2015/16 New Zealand Health Survey was performed. In total, 2203 older New Zealanders with cardiovascular health problems were identified and included in the final analyses. The association between demographics, physical activity, health measurements, and HRQOL was examined using a multiple linear regression model.ResultsSignificant differences in HRQOL were identified between the demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Predictors of higher HRQOL among older New Zealanders with cardiovascular conditions were increased physical activity (β = 0.218), age (β = −0.067), employed (β = 0.137), lower waist circumference (β = −0.261), male (β = 0.127), and being without a history of diabetes (β = −0.071).ConclusionsPhysical activity is the strongest predictor of HRQOL in older adults with cardiovascular problems. Older female New Zealanders with cardiovascular health problems have lower perceptions of their health status. These predictors should be considered while designing and developing intervention and health education that aims to improve the HRQOL of older adults.
Training of psychiatry and mental health in a low‐ and middle‐income country: Experience from Thailand before and after COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Kalayasiri Rasmon , Wainipitapong Sorawit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the start of COVID‐19 pandemic in March 2020, training of psychiatry and mental health has been impacted considerably. We illustrated the change of academic and clinical psychiatric residency training procedure at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand, a developing country situated in South East Asia which is categorized in the low and middle income category of countries. The training setting has set up a task force responsible to set various strategies in response to the COVID‐19 measure of social and physical distancing to maintain standard of care for psychiatric patients and educational experience for psychiatric residents. The strategies include online education, service team separation, and avoidance of contact between teams, reduction of non‐urgent clinical activities, and the use of telemedicine for psychiatric patients. Despite exposure to the difficulties of training during the pandemic, all senior residents were qualified and licensed at the national examination. Residents reported that pandemic did affect the academic activities and services and also the quality of living and satisfaction. Academic issues, including the inconvenience of studying online, were the most concerned problems among psychiatric residents at the time of pandemic.
How to overcome barriers to publication in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Recommendations from early career psychiatrists and researchers from around the world
Authors: El Halabi Sarah , Abbas Zargham , Adesokun Fisayo , Adiukwu Frances , Ashrafi Agaah , de Filippis Renato , Handuleh Jibril , Jaguga Florence , Karaliuniene Ruta , Kilic Ozge , Nagendrappa Sachin , Ojeahere Margaret , Ogunnubi Oluseun Peter , Őri Dorottya , Orsolini Laura , Pereira‐Sanchez Victor , Pinto da Costa Mariana , Ransing Ramdas , Shoib Sheikh , Ullah Irfan , Vadivel Ramya , Vahdani Bita , Ramalho Rodrigo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is an increasing movement toward international collaboration and global discussion in mental health. If provided with the right opportunities, early career psychiatrists (ECPs) and researchers in mental health can contribute meaningfully to this discussion. However, they often experience multiple barriers when attempting to add their voices via academic publications. We represent a diverse group of ECPs and researchers from all six World Health Organization regions. In this piece, we discuss these barriers, grounded in our first‐hand experiences, and put forth a series of recommendations. The most potentially beneficial and immediate way forward is ensuring a much‐needed mentorship and support, particularly for low‐ and middle‐income countries. In this regard, international organizations, especially those with a particular focus on education, such as the Section on Education in Psychiatry of the World Psychiatric Association, can play a pivotal role.
Labor in Livelihood Constellations along Coastal Plains
Authors: Griffith David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoastal plain economies are dependent on seasonal, low‐wage labor for tourism, fisheries, construction, and other sectors. Historically, labor in these sectors has come from multiple social and cultural backgrounds: natives, legal and undocumented immigrants, visiting mariners, students, guestworkers, etc. Anti‐immigration sentiments around the world have forced undocumented immigrants further underground while increasing demand for legal guestworkers, encouraging the growth of subcontracting and nonmarket labor relations, making work more precarious and laying the groundwork for human participation in livelihood constellations—or several activities that individuals and households combine for income, health, and well‐being. Focusing on Eastern North Carolina, this paper examines how these processes influence local economies and the lives of working people, using this analysis as an occasion to critique market‐emphasis economic analysis.
Testing for Heterogeneity in the Utility of a Surrogate Marker
Authors: Parast Layla , Cai Tianxi , Tian Lu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In studies that require long-term and/or costly follow-up of participants to evaluate a treatment, there is often interest in identifying and using a surrogate marker to evaluate the treatment effect. While several statistical methods have been proposed to evaluate potential surrogate markers, available methods generally do not account for or address the potential for a surrogate to vary in utility or strength by patient characteristics. Previous work examining surrogate markers has indicated that there may be such heterogeneity, that is, that a surrogate marker may be useful (with respect to capturing the treatment effect on the primary outcome) for some subgroups, but not for others. This heterogeneity is important to understand, particularly if the surrogate is to be used in a future trial to replace the primary outcome. In this paper, we propose an approach and estimation procedures to measure the surrogate strength as a function of a baseline covariate W and thus examine potential heterogeneity in the utility of the surrogate marker with respect to W. Within a potential outcome framework, we quantify the surrogate strength/utility using the proportion of treatment effect on the primary outcome that is explained by the treatment effect on the surrogate. We propose testing procedures to test for evidence of heterogeneity, examine finite sample performance of these methods via simulation, and illustrate the methods using AIDS clinical trial data.
The relation between early self‐regulation and classroom context: The role of adult presence, the task’s source of initiation, and social context
Authors: Zachariou Antonia , Whitebread David 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundRecent research emphasizes the role of the classroom context in promoting self‐regulation development. However, the results are equivocal. Additionally, research tends to focus on studying the two extremes of classroom contexts (e.g., teacher fully involved vs. teacher absent during a task), which does not represent the everyday reality of the classroom.AimsTo explore the extent to which children’s self‐regulation differs across activities with different instructional characteristics, while adopting a fine‐grained approach, which explores the middle ground between the two extremes of classroom contexts.SampleThe participants were 36 children aged 6–8 (50% female).MethodsThe children participated in a variety of activities in classroom contexts that differed in terms of: (1) level of teacher involvement, (2) whether activities were teacher‐initiated and ‐led or child‐initiated and ‐led, and (3) social context, that is, individual, pair, or group tasks. More than 15,000 micro‐episodes of self‐regulatory behaviours were coded, based on the C.Ind.Le coding framework.Results and ConclusionsThe classroom context had an effect on children’s self‐regulation rates. The children showed significantly more self‐regulation when the teacher was absent, compared to involved in the activity, and more self‐regulation when the teacher was involved compared to just present. More self‐regulation was evident when the activity was either completely teacher‐initiated and led or child‐initiated and led, compared to teacher‐initiated but child‐led. Finally, the rate of self‐regulation was significantly higher in pair and individual activities, compared to larger‐group activities. These findings could support policy and practice to promote contexts that encourage self‐regulatory development.
Bioisosteric modification on benzylidene‐carbonyl compounds improved the drug‐likeness and maintained the antifungal activity against Sporothrix brasiliensis
Authors: Waller Stefanie Bressan , Cleff Marlete Brum , Ripoll Márcia Kutscher , Meireles Mário Carlos Araújo , Ferrarini Márcio , Varela Marina Themoteo , Fernandes João Paulo S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConsidering the emergence of antifungal resistance on Sporothrix brasiliensis, we aimed to assess new benzylidene‐carbonyl compounds against feline‐borne S. brasiliensis isolates. The compounds were designed as bioisosteres from previously reported benzylidene‐ketones generating the p‐coumaric (1), cinnamic (2), p‐methoxycinnamic (3) and caffeic acid (4) analogues. The corresponding compounds were tested against feline isolates of S. brasiliensis with sensitivity (n = 4) and resistance (n = 5) to itraconazole (ITZ), following the M38‐A2 protocol (CLSI, Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi M38–A2 Guideline, 2008). Eleven analogues showed activity against all fungal strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ≤1 mg/ml (1a‐d, 2e, 3b, 3e, 4, 4a and 5e) and fungicidal concentrations (MFC) ≤1 mg/ml (1b, 1d, 3e and 4a), whereas 3 was the less active with both MIC and MFC values above 1 mg/ml. Compound 3e (4‐methoxy‐N‐butylcinnamamide) was the most potent (MICrange 0.08–0.16 mg/ml; MFCrange 0.32–0.64 mg/ml) from the set, suggesting a different role of the substituents in ester and amide derivatives. The designed compounds proved to be important prototypes with improved drug‐likeness to achieve compounds with higher activity against ITZ‐resistant S. brasiliensis.
Effect of Acinetobacter lwoffii on the modulation of macrophage activation and asthmatic inflammation
Authors: Kang Hanbit , Bang Ji‐Young , Mo Yosep , Shin Jae Woo , Bae Boram , Cho Sang‐Heon , Kim Hye Young , Kang Hye‐Ryun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough lung macrophages are directly exposed to external stimuli, their exact immunologic roles in asthma are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti‐asthmatic effect of Acinetobacter lwoffii in terms of lung macrophage modulation.MethodsSix‐week‐old female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) with or without intranasal administration of A. lwoffii during the sensitization period. Airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation were evaluated. Using flow cytometry, macrophages were subclassified according to their activation status. In the in vitro study, a murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MH‐S) treated with or without A. lwoffii before IL‐13 stimulation were analysed by quantitative RT‐PCR.ResultsIn a murine asthma model, the number of inflammatory cells, including macrophages and eosinophils, decreased in mice treated with A. lwoffii (A. lwoffii/OVA group) compared with untreated mice (OVA group). The enhanced expression of MHCII in macrophages in the OVA group was decreased by A. lwoffii treatment. M2 macrophage subtypes were significantly altered. A. lwoffii treatment decreased CD11b+M2a and CD11b+M2c macrophages, which showed strong positive correlations with Th2 cells, ILC2 and eosinophils. In contrast, CD11b+M2b macrophages were significantly increased by A. lwoffii treatment and showed strong positive correlations with ILC1 and ILC3. In vitro, A. lwoffii down‐regulated the expression of M2 markers related but up‐regulated those related to M2b macrophages.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIntranasal A. lwoffii exposure suppresses asthma development by suppressing the type 2 response via modulating lung macrophage activation, shifting M2a and M2c macrophages to M2b macrophages.
Neuroimaging alterations in dementia with Lewy bodies and neuroimaging differences between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: An activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Wen‐ying , Tian Min‐jie , Yao Qun , Li Qian , Tang Fan‐yu , Xiao Chao‐yong , Shi Jing‐Ping , Chen Jiu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to identify brain regions with local, structural, and functional abnormalities in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and uncover the differences between DLB and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The neural networks involved in the identified abnormal brain regions were further described.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, OVID, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify neuroimaging studies that included DLB versus healthy controls (HCs) or DLB versus AD. The coordinate‐based meta‐analysis and functional meta‐analytic connectivity modeling were performed using the activation likelihood estimation algorithm.ResultsEleven structural studies and fourteen functional studies were included in this quantitative meta‐analysis. DLB patients showed a dysfunction in the bilateral inferior parietal lobule and right lingual gyrus compared with HC patients. DLB patients showed a relative preservation of the medial temporal lobe and a tendency of lower metabolism in the right lingual gyrus compared with AD. The frontal‐parietal, salience, and visual networks were all abnormally co‐activated in DLB, but the default mode network remained normally co‐activated compared with AD.ConclusionsThe convergence of local brain regions and co‐activation neural networks might be potential specific imaging markers in the diagnosis of DLB. This might provide a pathway for the neural regulation in DLB patients, and it might contribute to the development of specific interventions for DLB and AD.
Segregation and integration of the functional connectome in neurodevelopmentally ‘at risk’ children
Authors: Jones Jonathan S. ,   The CALM Team, Astle Duncan E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFunctional connectivity within and between Intrinsic Connectivity Networks (ICNs) transforms over development and is thought to support high order cognitive functions. But how variable is this process, and does it diverge with altered cognitive development? We investigated age‐related changes in integration and segregation within and between ICNs in neurodevelopmentally ‘at‐risk’ children, identified by practitioners as experiencing cognitive difficulties in attention, learning, language, or memory. In our analysis we used performance on a battery of 10 cognitive tasks alongside resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 175 at‐risk children and 62 comparison children aged 5–16. We observed significant age‐by‐group interactions in functional connectivity between two network pairs. Integration between the ventral attention and visual networks and segregation of the limbic and fronto‐parietal networks increased with age in our comparison sample, relative to at‐risk children. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the ventral attention and visual networks in comparison children significantly mediated age‐related improvements in executive function, compared to at‐risk children. We conclude that integration between ICNs show divergent neurodevelopmental trends in the broad population of children experiencing cognitive difficulties, and that these differences in functional brain organisation may partly explain the pervasive cognitive difficulties within this group over childhood and adolescence.
The cost‐effectiveness of reflectance spectroscopy for estimating soil organic carbon
Authors: Li Shuo , Viscarra Rossel Raphael A. , Webster Richard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReflectance spectra of soil can be used to estimate the concentrations of organic carbon in soil (SOC). The estimates are more or less imprecise, but spectroscopy is quicker, less laborious and cheaper than conventional dry combustion analysis. Are the greater economy and efficiency sufficient to justify the loss of information arising from errors in estimation? We measured soil spectra with three instruments: a bench‐top mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) (mid‐IRb) spectrometer, a portable mid‐IR (mid‐IRp) spectrometer and a portable visible–near infrared (vis–NIRp) spectrometer. We calculated a quantity E to express the cost‐effectiveness of spectroscopic estimates relative to the conventional analysis, by accounting for their inaccuracy, their cost and their capacity, namely the maximum number of samples that can be prepared and measured daily. In all, 562 samples of soil were collected from 150 locations at four depths on a farm. The samples were dried and ground to particle sizes of ≤2 and ≤0.5 mm before measurements were made by dry‐combustion analysis. The machine learning algorithm Cubist was used to derive spectroscopic models of SOC concentrations and their uncertainties. We found that the mid‐IRb on the ≤0.5 mm samples was the most accurate and expensive but nevertheless sufficiently cost‐effective (large value of E) for determining the organic C. The mid‐IRp was somewhat more accurate, but its E was smaller than vis–NIRp on corresponding samples because it required more time to record the spectra. We also found that, with the portable spectrometers, the SOC predictions made on the ≤0.5 mm samples were somewhat more accurate than those made on the ≤2 mm samples, but their E was smaller because of the additional cost of sample preparation. The vis–NIRp on the ≤2 mm samples was the most cost‐effective for estimating SOC because it is cheap, accurate and has a large capacity for measurements.Highlights
Concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC) were determined by standard dry combustion and estimated from reflectance spectra recorded by three instruments.
The labour required for each of the techniques and the cost, including that of the equipment, were recorded.
A quantity E, expressing the cost‐effectiveness relative to dry combustion was calculated for each spectral technique, taking into account both accuracy and cost.
Dry combustion was always more accurate than estimates from spectra for individual samples, and the technique was also more cost‐effective for small numbers of samples.
The cost‐effectiveness of the spectral techniques varied among themselves, but all were more cost‐effective than dry combustion for large numbers of samples.