bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Temperature‐Sensing Performance of Nd3+:MF2 (M=Ba, Ca, Sr) Crystalline Powders Prepared by Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Maciel Glauco S. , Bartra Whualkuer Lozano , Xing Yutao , Rakov Nikifor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is a large interest in luminescent materials for application as temperature sensors. In this scenario, we investigate the performance of neodymium‐doped alkaline‐earth fluoride (Nd3+:MF2; M=Ba, Ca, Sr) crystalline powders prepared by combustion synthesis for optical temperature‐sensing applications based on the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) technique. We observe that the near‐infrared luminescence spectral profile of Nd3+ changes with the temperature in a way that its behavior is suitable for optical thermometry operation within the first biological window. We also observe that the thermometric sensitivities of all studied samples change depending on the spectral integration range used in the LIR analysis. Nd3+:CaF2 presents the largest sensitivity values, with a maximum absolute sensitivity of 6.5×10−3/K at 824 K and a relative sensitivity of 1.71 %/K at human‐body temperature (310 K). The performance of CaF2 for optical thermometry is superior to that of β‐NaYF4, a standard material commonly used for optical bioimaging and temperature sensing, and on par with the most efficient oxide nanostructured materials. The use of thermometry data to help understand structural properties via Judd‐Ofelt intensity standard parameters is also discussed.
Optimization of the Refining Process for Removing Benzo(a)pyrene and Improving the Quality of Tea Seed Oil
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Zhang Zhenfang , Shen Mengyu , Wu Yinyin , He Xudong , Liang Li , Zhang Jixian , Xu Xin , Liu Guoyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo reduce the contamination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in refined oil during processing, the degumming, deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization processes are optimized to remove BaP and improve the quality of tea seed oil. The results show that decolorization is the most obvious refining process of removing BaP, which is mainly due to the addition of activated carbon and decolorization time. In addition, to ensure the quality of refined tea seed oil and remove BaP, the deodorization temperature and time should be strictly controlled. Comparing with crude oil, the removal rates of BaP in the optimized processes of degumming, deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization reached 16.26%, 18.36%, 92.76%, and 91.08%, respectively. The optimized refining processes can significantly decrease the level of BaP from 9.53 ± 0.02 µg kg−1 in crude tea seed oil to 0.85 ± 0.10 µg kg−1 in refined tea seed oil, and the other physicochemical indexes are in line with the international standard for refined oil. This study can provide useful guidance for the safe processing of refined tea seed oil.Practical Applications: BaP is an internationally recognized carcinogen. In view of the current situation of commercial edible oil being contaminated by BaP, it is particularly important to control the level of BaP in the refining process. To remove BaP while improving the quality of oil, the processes of degumming, deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization of tea seed oil were optimized, and the best refining processes were determined. The results have important practical significance, which could help to reduce the level of BaP and provide a useful reference for the safe production of refined tea seed oil.
Der äquivalente Quarzgehalt – Historischer Rückblick und seine Zukunft in der Anwendung der Abrasivitätsprognose
Authors: Kaspar Markus , Latal Christine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDie Beurteilung der Schleiffestigkeit von Mineralen und deren Einfluss auf den Verschleiß von Werkzeugen ist ein wichtiger Aspekt in der Ingenieurgeologie und Felsmechanik. Fragestellungen im Hinblick auf die Gebirgslösung und die zu erwartenden Verschleißparameter spielen hier eine entscheidende Rolle. Über die Jahrzehnte hinweg entwickelten sich verschiedene Prüfverfahren, um die Härteeigenschaften und die Abrasivität von Mineralen bzw. Gesteinen zu beurteilen. Diese umfassen direkte Tests an hergestellten Gesteinsprüfkörpern (Cerchar‐Versuch), Härteprüfungen, aber auch anhand mineralogisch‐petrografischer Daten abgeleitete Parameter, wie den äquivalenten Quarzgehalt FÄQu. Die heute verbreiteten Werte zur Ermittlung des FÄQu, benannt nach dem Pionier auf dem Gebiet der Schleifbarkeitsprüfung August Rosiwal (1860–1923), existieren seit über 100 Jahren. Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit dem Verfahren des FÄQu unter Berücksichtigung der Faktoren verschiedener Autoren sowie Korrelationen mit anderen Härteprüfparametern. Anhand von Labordaten werden die FÄQu nach den verschiedenen Quellen berechnet und verglichen. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, wie der FÄQu mit dem heute weit verbreiteten Cerchar‐Versuch anhand von Cerchar‐Abrasivitäts‐Index‐(CAI)‐Werten einiger Referenzminerale direkt in Beziehung gesetzt werden kann. Der FÄQu kann Gefügeeinflüsse nicht erfassen, aber Quarz als gemeinsame Referenz beim Cerchar‐Versuch und der FÄQu bieten die Möglichkeit, die beiden Kennwerte direkt miteinander zu verknüpfen.
Use of plastic geocellular modules as a replacement gravel layer for natural turf rootzones
Authors: Young Thomas , Mann Ruth , Spring Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA trial was conducted to assess the suitability of a novel plastic geocellular drainage layer (Permavoid) as a replacement for a conventional gravel layer in a high‐quality sports pitch. The trial was conducted during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 United Kingdom football (soccer) seasons. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was grown under five different rootzone depth treatments (50, 100, 200, and 300 mm over Permavoid and 300 mm over gravel as a control representing current practices). These were repeated for two contrasting rootzone types. The trial area was subjected to artificial football‐style wear throughout each playing season, with irrigation and nutritional inputs as would be normal for a high‐quality football pitch. Infiltration rates, rootzone moisture content, turf cover and tractional strength for the 200‐ to 300‐mm rootzone over Permavoid and 300 mm over gravel were the same throughout the trial. The replacement of the gravel drainage layer with Permavoid had no negative effect on the rootzone's hydraulic characteristics or turfgrass growth over the 2‐yr study period. In addition, it may be possible to use shallower rootzone depths in some circumstances, reducing the volume of material needed for construction. Shallower rootzones (50–100 mm) experienced greater fluctuations in rootzone moisture content, which was likely to be directly related to rootzone depth. Rootzone type had a minor effect, with finer rootzones holding onto more moisture and allowing slightly stronger turf. Therefore, when managing shallower and/or coarser rootzones, maintenance programs need to reflect the moisture and nutrient retention characteristics of these growing media.
Vitamin D Endocrine System and COVID‐19
Authors: Bouillon Roger , Quesada‐Gomez José Manuel 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTPreclinical data strongly suggest that the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) may have extraskeletal effects. Cells of the immune and cardiovascular systems and lungs can express the vitamin D receptor, and overall these cells respond in a coherent fashion when exposed to 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, the main metabolite of the VDES. Supplementation of vitamin D‐deficient subjects may decrease the risk of upper respiratory infections. The VDES also has broad anti‐inflammatory and anti‐thrombotic effects, and other mechanisms argue for a potential beneficial effect of a good vitamin D status on acute respiratory distress syndrome, a major complication of this SARS‐2/COVID‐19 infection. Activation of the VDES may thus have beneficial effects on the severity of COVID‐19. Meta‐analysis of observational data show that a better vitamin D status decreased the requirement of intensive care treatment or decreased mortality. A pilot study in Cordoba indicated that admission to intensive care was drastically reduced by administration of a high dose of calcifediol early after hospital admission for COVID‐19. A large observational study in Barcelona confirmed that such therapy significantly decreased the odds ratio (OR) of mortality (OR = 0.52). This was also the conclusion of a retrospective study in five hospitals of Southern Spain. A retrospective study on all Andalusian patients hospitalized because of COVID‐19, based on real‐world data from the health care system, concluded that prescription of calcifediol (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67) or vitamin D (HR = 0.75), 15 days before hospital admission decreased mortality within the first month. In conclusion, a good vitamin D status may have beneficial effects on the course of COVID‐19. This needs to be confirmed by large, randomized trials, but in the meantime, we recommend (rapid) correction of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) deficiency in subjects exposed to this coronavirus. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Integrated View on the Role of Vitamin D Actions on Bone and Growth Plate Homeostasis
Authors: Verlinden Lieve , Carmeliet Geert 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT1,25(OH)2D3, the biologically active form of vitamin D3, is a major regulator of mineral and bone homeostasis and exerts its actions through binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand‐activated transcription factor that can directly modulate gene expression in vitamin D‐target tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and bone. Inactivating VDR mutations or vitamin D deficiency during development results in rickets, hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and hypophosphatemia, pointing to the critical role of 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced signaling in the maintenance of mineral homeostasis and skeletal health. 1,25(OH)2D3 is a potent stimulator of VDR‐mediated intestinal calcium absorption, thus increasing the availability of calcium required for proper bone mineralization. However, when intestinal calcium absorption is impaired, renal calcium reabsorption is increased and calcium is mobilized from the bone to preserve normocalcemia. Multiple cell types within bone express the VDR, thereby allowing 1,25(OH)2D3 to directly affect bone homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss different transgenic mouse models with either Vdr deletion or overexpression in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, or osteoclasts to delineate the direct effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone homeostasis. We will address the bone cell type–specific effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in conditions of a positive calcium balance, where the amount of (re)absorbed calcium equals or exceeds fecal and renal calcium losses, as well as during a negative calcium balance, due to selective Vdr knockdown in the intestine or triggered by a low calcium diet. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Rare Diseases That Impersonate One Another:X‐LinkedHypophosphatemia andTumor‐InducedOsteomalacia, a Retrospective Analysis of Discriminating Features
Authors: DeCorte Joseph , Randazzo Ericka , Black Margo , Hendrickson Chase , Dahir Kathryn 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTTumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic disease characterized by frequent fractures, bone pain, muscle weakness, and affected gait. The rarity of TIO and similar presentation to other phosphate‐wasting disorders contribute to a high misdiagnosis rate and long time to correct diagnosis. TIO is curable by tumor resection, so accurate diagnosis has significant impact on patients' emotional and economic burden. Current diagnostics for TIO rely on decades‐old literature with poor phenotypic validation. Here, we identify salient clinical differences between rigorously validated cohorts of patients with TIO (n = 9) and X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH;n = 43), a frequent misdiagnosis for patients with TIO. The TIO cohort had significantly elevated FGF23 (365 versus 95 RU/mL,p < 0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (282.8 versus 118.5 IU/L,p < 0.01) but significantly reduced phosphorus (1.4 versus 2.2 mg/dL,p < 0.05) and 1,25(OH)2D (16.6 versus 59.8 pg/mL,p < 0.01). By contrast, total vitamin D was similar between the two groups. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans reveal lowerZ‐scores in the hip (−1.6 versus 0.050,p < 0.01) and spine (0.80 versus 2.35,p < 0.05). TIO patients were more likely to have prior clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis (67% versus 0%), use assistive devices in daily living (100% versus 14%), and have received a knee arthroplasty (33% versus 7%). TIO patients lost an average of 1.5 cm over their disease course and had sustained an average of 8 fractures each, whereas fractures were rare in XLH. The XLH cohort had higher incidence of osteotomy (19% versus 0%), spinal stenosis (12% versus 0%), secondary dental abnormalities (95% versus 44%,p < 0.001), and depression and anxiety (46.5% versus 11%). These results deepen our understanding of the subtle differences present between diseases of phosphate wasting. They suggest several biochemical, clinical, and historical features that effectively distinguish TIO from XLH. © 2022 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hyperexcitability and brain morphological differences in mice lacking the cystine/glutamate antiporter, system xc−
Authors: Sears Sheila M. S. , Roberts Sarah H. , Hewett Sandra J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSystem xc− (Sxc−) is a heteromeric antiporter (L‐cystine/L‐glutamate exchanger) expressed predominately on astrocytes in the central nervous system. Its activity contributes importantly to the maintenance of the ambient extracellular glutamate levels, as well as, to cellular redox homeostasis. Since alterations in glutamate levels and redox modifications could cause structural changes, we analyzed gross regional morphology of thionin‐stained brain sections and cellular and subcellular morphology of Golgi–Cox stained layer V pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex (PM1) of mice naturally null for SLC7A11 (SLC7A11sut/sut)—the gene that encodes the substrate specific light chain (xCT) for Sxc−. Intriguingly, in comparison to age‐ and sex‐matched wild‐type (SLC7A11+/+) littermate controls, we found morphologic changes—including increased dendritic complexity and mushroom spine area in males and reduced corpus callosum and soma size in females—that have previously been described, in each case, as morphological correlates of excitability. Consistent with this, we found that both male and female SLC7A11sut/sut mice had lower convulsive seizure thresholds and greater seizure severity than their sex‐matched wild‐type (SLC7A11+/+) littermates after acute challenge with two pharmacologically distinct chemoconvulsants: the Glu receptor agonist, kainic acid (KA), or the GABAA receptor antagonist, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). These results suggest that the loss of Sxc− signaling in males and females perturbs excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in vivo, potentially through its regulation of cellular and subcellular morphology.
Dependence of the Efficiency of the Nonlinear‐Optical Response of Materials on their Linear Permittivity and Permeability
Authors: Solís Diego M. , Boyd Robert W. , Engheta Nader 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe dependence of the efficiency of various nonlinear‐optical processes on the background linear relative electric permittivity ϵ and magnetic permeability μ of the material is analytically and numerically investigated. The conversion efficiency of low‐order harmonic‐generation processes, as well as the increase rate of Kerr‐effect nonlinear phase shift and nonlinear losses from two‐photon absorption (TPA), are seen to increase with decreasing ϵ and/or increasing μ. The rationale and physical insights behind this nonlinear response are also discussed, particularly its enhancement in ϵ‐near‐zero (ENZ) media. This behavior is consistent with the experimental observation of intriguingly high effective nonlinear refractive indices in degenerate semiconductors such as indium tin oxide and aluminum oxide (where the nonlinearity is attributed to a modification of the energy distribution of conduction‐band electrons due to laser‐induced electron heating) at frequencies with vanishing real part of the linear permittivity. Such strong nonlinear response can pave the way for a new paradigm in nonlinear optics with much higher conversion efficiencies and therefore better miniaturization capabilities and power requirements for next‐generation integrated nanophotonics. It is concluded that the major contribution to the enhanced nonlinear response of ENZ materials arises from propagation effects, that is, the appearance of ϵ and μ in the reduced wave equation describing the interaction.
A Rayleigh quotient‐gradient neural network method for computing 𝒵‐eigenpairs of general tensors
Authors: Cui Lu‐Bin , Hu Qing , Chen Ying , Song Yi‐Sheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, Zhao, Zheng, Liang and Xu (A locally and cubically convergent algorithm for computing ‐eigenpairs of symmetric tensors. Numer Linear Algebra Appl, 2020, 27:e2284) studied on an efficient method for computing ‐eigenpairs of symmetric tensors. Whereas, symmetric tensors are just special tensors. This article is concerned with the computation of ‐eigenpairs of general real tensors. We propose a Rayleigh quotient‐gradient neural network model (RGNN) for computing ‐eigenpairs of a general real tensor and the Euler‐type difference rule is used to discretize RGNN model. Theoretical analysis of the convergence for RGNN model is provided. Numerical experiments show that our method can capture all ‐eigenpairs for some small‐scale general tensors and enjoys efficient computation for large‐scale tensors.
Efficacy of diffusion‐weighted imaging in the diagnosis of osteoporosis suggested by the correlation between mandibular cortex width and apparent diffusion coefficient of the mandibular bone marrow
Authors: Muraoka Hirotaka , Ito Kotaro , Hirahara Naohisa , Ichiki Shungo , Okada Shunya , Kondo Takumi , Kaneda Takashi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThe objectives of the study were as follows: (i) to compare MCW and ADC stratified by menopause and osteoporosis, (ii) to calculate the correlation of the MCW on panoramic radiographs with the ADC in the mandibular bone marrow, and (iii) to investigate the utility of DWI of the jaws in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.Material and MethodThis study analyzed 87 normal patients and 23 patients with osteoporosis. The patients were divided into three groups: premenopausal (n = 33), postmenopausal (n = 54), and osteoporosis (n = 23). We investigated the MCW and mean ADC of the mandibular bone marrow. We analyzed the data using the Spearman's correlation coefficients, Kruskal‐Wallis test, and post‐hoc Mann‐Whitney tests with Bonferroni adjustments, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsThere were significant between‐three group differences in both the mean ADC and mean MCW (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between MCW and the ADC of the mandibular bone marrow in postmenopausal group (p < 0.05). The ROC analysis revealed a cutoff ADC value of 0.62 to distinguish between the postmenopausal and those with osteoporosis.ConclusionsIn addition to evaluating the MCW, which is currently used for osteoporosis evaluation, measuring the ADC of the mandibular bone marrow could contribute toward the examination of osteoporosis.
Trustworthy faces make people more risk‐tolerant: The effect of facial trustworthiness on risk decision‐making under gain and loss conditions
Authors: Qi Yue , Luo Yadan , Feng Yanzhe , Chen Ziwei , Li Qi , Du Feng , Liu Xun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeople can judge a stranger's trustworthiness at first glance solely based on facial appearance. Moreover, the trust behaviors people exhibit toward strangers differ depending on perceived trustworthiness from faces. Research has found that people have different risk preferences according to the gain or loss frame. Therefore, we hypothesized that the risk decisions are differently affected by facial trustworthiness in different frames. We conducted three experiments in which we asked participants to make risk decisions in the gain frame or loss frame. The results revealed that facial trustworthiness had a significant effect on risk decisions in the gain frame. However, the effect was attenuated in the loss frame. These results suggest that people are more willing to take risks in the gain frame if individuals look more trustworthy than those who look untrustworthy.
What's out there for parents? A systematic review of online information about prenatal microarray and exome sequencing
Authors: Peter Michelle , McInnes‐Dean Hannah , Fisher Jane , Tapon Dagmar , Chitty Lyn S. , Hill Melissa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify what online patient information (presented in English) is available to parents about prenatal microarray (CMA) and exome sequencing (ES), and evaluate its content, quality, and readability.MethodSystematic searches (Google and Bing) were conducted, and websites were categorised according to their purpose. Websites categorised as patient information were included if they were: in English, directed at patients, or were a text, video, or online version of an information leaflet. Author‐developed content checklists, the DISCERN Genetics tool, and readability tests (the Flesch Reading Ease Score, the Gunning Fog Index, and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Index) were then used to assess those sources of patient information.ResultsOf the 665 websites screened, 18 met the criteria. A further 8 sources were found through a targeted search of professional organisations, resulting in 26 sources available for further evaluation. In general, this was found to be low in quality, omitted details recommended by national or international guidance, and was written at a level too advanced for average readers.ConclusionImprovements should be made to the content, quality, and readability of online information so that it both reinforces and complements the discussions between parents and clinicians about testing options during pregnancy.
Unusual lung adenocarcinoma spread along with pulmonary emphysema
Authors: Miyamura Takuto , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Kushima Hisako , Ishii Hiroshi 
Published: November 2021

Key messageLung adenocarcinoma can rarely present with imaging findings that mimic fibrotic lesions of interstitial pneumonia. Asymmetric lung involvement and symptoms of haemoptysis may be the clinical clues to the suspicion of lung neoplasm rather than fibrotic lung disease.
Featured Cover
Authors: Tucker Stefan R. , Houghton Christopher J. , Harris Brandon S. , Elliott Robert F. , Donofrio Michael C. , Forsythe Patrick S. 
Published: November 2021

The cover image is based on the Original Article Reproductive status of a remnant Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) population: spawning and larval drift in the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin by Stefan Tucker et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3836.
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