bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Cellular Gene Expression Due to Co‐Infection With Kaposi's Sarcoma‐Associated Herpesvirus and SARS‐CoV‐2: Implications for Disease Severity
Authors: Chen Jungang , Fan Jiaojiao , Malaviarachchi Priyangi A. , Post Steven R. , Lin Zhen , Zhang Xuming , Qin Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAn outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent of COVID‐19 pandemic, has resulted in over 7 million confirmed deaths. In addition to severe respiratory and systematic symptoms, several comorbidities increase the risk of fatal outcomes. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 on pre‐existing conditions in patients, such as cancer and other infectious diseases. Recent clinical studies have reported the reactivation of human herpesviruses, including Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV), in severe COVID‐19 patients or vaccinated individuals. To support these clinical observations, we established a KSHV/SARS‐CoV‐2 co‐infection system in A549‐hACE2 cells. Our findings indicate that co‐infection with live SARS‐CoV‐2 sharply induces KSHV lytic reactivation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in global cellular gene expression in KSHV‐infected A549‐hACE2 cells, both with and without SARS‐CoV‐2 co‐infection. These data provide a molecular basis for understanding whether patients with pre‐existing oncogenic herpesvirus infections are at increased risk for more severe COVID‐19 or for developing virus‐associated cancers even after full recovery from COVID‐19.
Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Emerging Human‐Associated Gemykibivirus‐2 in Molossus molossus Bat From Brazil
Authors: Silvério Bruna Stefanie , Sanz Duro Rodrigo Lopes , de Sousa Larissa Leão F. , Guilardi Mariana Dias , Cabral‐Miranda Gustavo , Janini Luiz Mário Ramos , Durães‐Carvalho Ricardo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe detected an emerging human‐associated gemykibivirus‐2 (HuGkV‐2) in rectal swab sample from Molossus molossus bat from Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed well‐supported relationships between our sequence and those associated with human infections. This study underscores the necessity of ongoing monitoring of HuGkV‐2 to elucidate potential spillback events, its role in human infections, and its public health implications.
Assessment of Droughts and Floods During the Indian Summer Monsoon Using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 Historical and Future Simulations
Authors: George Catherine , Varikoden Hamza , Kuttippurath Jayanarayanan , Chaluvadi Roja , Babu Chethalan Anthony 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIndian summer monsoon (ISM) is the prominent global monsoon system, which occur annually from June to September and impacts the lives of over a quarter of the world's population. Studies show that global warming is one of the key reasons for the extreme events such as droughts and floods, and that also alter regional dynamics of ISM. Consequently, a comprehensive investigation of flood and drought events in India is imperative, because of their important role in the economy of the country. Here, we employ simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models to evaluate the intensity and frequency of droughts and floods across historical (1950–2014) and future (2015–2100) periods. We explore the best‐performing model for the ISM rainfall (ISMR) to unravel the characteristics of floods and droughts by analysing rainfall data from 53 models. Although majority of the models successfully replicate the annual cycle of ISMR, there exists a significant difference in rainfall amounts. Following an initial screening to identify the most efficient models, eight are selected for an in‐depth assessment. The chosen models slightly overestimate drought conditions, although they demonstrate a commendable concurrence in simulating the flood occurrences in India. Regarding the future projections, we analyse the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5) for near (2015–2035)‐, mid (2047–2067)‐ and far (2079–2099)‐future periods, in addition to the total projection period (2015–2100). Our analysis reveals an increasing trend of droughts in the near‐future, compared to an increase in floods during the far‐future. It is also highlighted that the intensity of droughts is projected to amplify in the far‐future, while the intensity of floods is likely to diminish. Therefore, this study serves as a valuable resource for decision‐making processes, particularly in the flood, drought and agricultural disaster preparedness.
From deglaciation to the Early Holocene in the northern Appalachians: A multiproxy palaeoenvironmental record from Scotstown Bog, Québec, Canada
Authors: Amon Leeli , St‐Jacques Jeannine‐Marie , Ershova Ekaterina , Hargan Kathryn E. , Whyte Charlotte Mary Cotter , Sachse Dirk , Rach Oliver , Peros Matthew C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA multiproxy study of a sediment sequence from a Québec peatbog characterises the rapid and significant environmental responses to changing climatic conditions from the deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet to the early Holocene period. Scotstown Bog (45°30'45.0“N, 71°11'42.0“W) is an ombrotrophic peatland on the edge of the Appalachian Uplands in southern Québec, Canada. We reconstructed its Late‐glacial and early Holocene palaeoenvironments for 14 000–6 000 cal a bp using palaeobotanical (plant macrofossil, macrocharcoal, pollen analyses), faunal (chironomid analysis), sedimentological (grain‐size analysis, sediment organic content), and geochemical (sedimentary n‐alkanes and hydrogen isotope analyses) methods. We targeted our multiproxy reconstruction on the Late‐glacial period, which provides an example of how biota can respond to profound changes in climatic and environmental conditions. A major transition occurred between 13 000 and 12 900 cal a
bp, which is recorded in all palaeoecological proxies. Our reconstruction reveals two major environmental changes at this time. First, the Scotstown basin became isolated from a larger proglacial lake, as shown by sedimentological changes, sediment grain size and chironomid assemblage shift. Second, plant macrofossils and pollen influx show contemporaneous major shifts in the vegetation composition from tundra to tree‐line to closed‐canopy forested communities.
Avoiding Overestimation and the ‘Black Box’ Problem in Biofluids Multivariate Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy: Interpretation and Transparency With the SP‐LIME Algorithm
Authors: Bratchenko Lyudmila A. , Bratchenko Ivan A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRaman spectroscopy, in combination with multivariate analysis, is a powerful analytical tool for solving regression and classification problems in various fields—from materials science to clinical practice. However, in practical applications, experimental studies and the implementation of Raman spectroscopy present numerous challenges, including multicollinearity in spectral data and the ‘black box’ problem of complex analytical models. To avoid these problems, the proposed classification and regression models require proper interpretation. This study makes use of a comparative analysis of explanation methods based on the SP‐LIME (local interpretable model‐agnostic explanations with submodular pick) algorithm of a bilinear model (projection onto latent structures [PLS]) and a nonlinear model (one‐dimensional convolutional neural network [CNN]). The models to be interpreted are trained to solve the regression task of the blood serum Raman characteristics and the urea levels. Effective SP‐LIME evaluation of the blood Raman spectra revealed that in urea analysis for both PLS and CNN models, the important band is at 1003 cm−1. This approach is based on the value of the root mean square error estimation only when a single Raman band is analyzed. The aim of this paper is to develop an approach to explain the operation of the analytical models and provides the way to reveal the exact Raman bands with the biggest impact on the model performance.
Writing and optical characteristics of anti‐glare screens for educational applications
Authors: Kurashige Makio , Kosaka Yosuke , Ishida Kazutoshi , Shibata Takashi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs electronic displays have become to be used under ambient illumination environment, the situations have been increased which the screens are exposed to the various types of ambient light sources. Since the reflection of ambient light by the screen generally results in the lack of visibility of the displayed contents, anti‐glare layer (AGL) on top of the screen has been applied to suppress unwanted reflection. Meanwhile, handheld digital devices have been actively adopted to enhance the quality of learning experiences. Although it was pointed out that the impact of glare may lead to shorter viewing distance or poor posture of the students, there was not enough information regarding the relation between writing and optical characteristics of the anti‐glare screen. The purpose of this study is to provide information, which will help to select the appropriate screens for each application. Through the experiments with different AGLs and the displays, coefficient of friction, gloss value, sparkle contrast, and display modulation transfer function (MTF) were selected to characterize the writing and the optical characteristics. While the trend of the gloss values was similar to that of the display MTF, the trend of the sparkle contrast was different from them. These results were summarized as radar charts.
Association of Preoperative Physical Fitness With Post‐Esophagectomy Pneumonia in Older With Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer: An Exploratory Prospective Study
Authors: Harada Tsuyoshi , Tsuji Tetsuya , Ueno Junya , Konishi Nobuko , Yanagisawa Takumi , Hijikata Nanako , Ishikawa Aiko , Hashimoto Kakeru , Kagaya Hitoshi , Tatematsu Noriatsu , Zenda Sadamoto , Kotani Daisuke , Kojima Takashi , Fujita Takeo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundsCurrently, there is a lack of evidence of prehabilitation during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to prevent pneumonia of older patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of preoperative physical fitness after NAC with post‐esophagectomy pneumonia in older patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC).MethodsThis single‐center exploratory prospective cohort study included 80 patients aged ≥ 65 years with LAEC scheduled for curative esophagectomy after NAC between 2021 and 2023. The post‐NAC short incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) by sex was established using the Youden index. The association of the post‐NAC short ISWT with postoperative pneumonia was investigated via Firth's penalized logistic regression model with statistical significance set as two‐tailed p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 69 patients were analyzed. The mean post‐NAC ISWT values were 353.5 m. Short ISWT distance was defined as ≤ 395 and ≤ 195 m for men and women, respectively. Postoperative pneumonia developed in 17 (25%) patients. Short post‐NAC ISWT distance was significantly associated with postoperative pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio: 1.840, 95%CI: 1.760–28.440, p = 0.004).ConclusionsDecline in physical fitness was associated with post‐esophagectomy pneumonia, which may be a key targeted factor of prehabilitation during NAC for older patients with LAEC.
Integrated Photonic Nonreciprocal Devices Based on Susceptibility‐Programmable Medium
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Lei , Li Ming , Xu Xin‐Biao , Wang Zhu‐Bo , Dong Chun‐Hua , Guo Guang‐Can , Zou Chang‐Ling , Zou Xu‐Bo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe switching and control of optical fields based on nonlinear optical effects are often limited by relatively weak nonlinear susceptibility, which requiring strong optical pump fields. Here, an optical medium with programmable susceptibility tensor based on polarizable atoms is proposed. Under a structured optical pump, the population of atoms in the ground state could be efficiently controlled by tuning the chirality and intensity of optical fields, and thus the optical response of the medium is programmable in both space and time. The potential of this approach is demonstrated by engineering the spatial distribution of the complex susceptibility tensor of the medium in photonic structures, which enables the realization of nonreciprocal optical effects. Specifically, the advantages of chiral interaction between atoms and photons are investigated in an atom‐cladded waveguide, theoretically showing that strong, rapidly switchable, and reconfigurable isolation of optical signals in a selected optical mode is possible. The susceptibility‐programmable medium provides a promising way to efficiently control the optical field, opening up a wide range of applications for integrated photonic devices and structured optics.
Successful Multi‐Modal Laser Intervention and Histopathological Evaluation of Multiple Glomangiomas
Authors: Fisher Craig , Gadarowski Mary Beth , Roberts Jared , Hivnor Chad 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesGlomangiomas are benign vascular malformations that exist within the spectrum of glomuvenous malformations which consist of varying amounts of glomus cells, vascular spaces, and smooth muscle. Glomangiomas are often treated due to associated pain, particularly when located on pressure areas such as the back or extensor surfaces, which can cause difficulty with certain activities and occupational functions. Histologically glomangiomas consist of prominent dilated vascular spaces lined by glomus cells typically situated in the deep‐dermis to subcutaneous fat which limits treatment to modalities capable of reaching the depth of the tumor including excision, sclerotherapy, and laser therapy. To our knowledge laser treatment of glomangiomas has been reported with Nd:YAG (neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet), long‐pulsed KTP (potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate), and PDL (pulsed‐dye laser). The objective of our case is to compare the clinical and histologic treatment response of glomangiomas to the 595 nm PDL, 755 nm Alexandrite, and 1064 nm Nd:YAG lasers.Materials and MethodsTwo different laser sessions were performed consisting of PDL (Vbeam Prima Pulsed Dye Laser, Candela), Nd: YAG and Alexandrite (GentleMax Pro, Candela) laser pulses. The GentleMax Pro was utilized for both Nd:YAG and Alexandrite laser pulses as it is capable of functioning in both modalities to deliver 1064 nm and 755 nm wavelengths, respectively. Settings were selected to minimize any risk of potential scarring. Punch biopsies were performed following the second session to assess the histologic response to each laser modality.ResultsTreatment response, as measured by clinical flattening, clearance of obvious blue‐red vascular coloration, and resolution of pain, was noted to be most effective for the Alexandrite and Nd:YAG lasers. Procedural and post‐procedural pain was noted to be the lowest with Alexandrite. Anatomically, greatest degree of clinical flattening, color normalization with surrounding skin, and sustained clearance was noted for glomangiomas located on acral sites and the trunk.ConlusionsOptimal treatment of glomulovenous malformation while minimizing patient discomfort may best be achieved with Alexandrite. The exception would be palmar glomangiomas which appeared to respond better to Nd:YAG.
Phenolic Compounds and Bacteriocins: Mechanisms, Interactions, and Applications in Food Preservation and Safety
Authors: Todorov Svetoslav Dimitrov , de Almeida Beatriz Marinho , Lima Emília Maria França , Fabi João Paulo , Lajolo Franco Maria , Hassimotto Neuza Mariko Aymoto 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBeneficial properties of different natural antimicrobials are topics of scientific curiosity for improving safety and extending the shelf life of food commodities. In this regard, phenolic compounds, natural molecules known for their antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties can be right choice. Moreover, bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides produced by various microorganisms, capable of inhibiting the growth of other bacteria, particularly closely related species can be genuine alternative. Combining phenolic compounds with bacteriocins can enhance antimicrobial effects, extending the shelf‐life of food products by combating spoilage and foodborne pathogens. Despite their potential, the chemical interactions between phenolic compounds and bacteriocins, including synergistic and antagonistic effects, are not well understood. Key areas needing further research include the following: the mechanisms of action against different bacterium types, interactions with cell membranes, enzyme activity, and gene expression; the effects of environmental factors like concentration, pH, temperature, and food matrix specificity on their interactions; and methods for incorporating these compounds into food products and packaging materials to improve food safety. Additionally, the safety, toxicity, allergenicity, sensory properties, nutritional value, regulatory approval, and consumer acceptance of using phenolic compounds and bacteriocins in food products require thorough investigation.
Design of Compact Differentially‐Fed End‐Fire Filtenna With High Selectivity
Authors: Deng Jie , Wang Rui‐Qiong , Zou Peng , Li Jing‐Peng , Yu Ling , Xiang Min , Hu Kun‐Zhi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a compact differentially‐fed end‐fire filtenna is developed. The developed filtenna consists of three drivers, a director, a reflector, and a pair of U‐shaped strips. Different from conventional Yagi antenna with a single driver, multiple drivers are employed to concurrently broaden the impedance bandwidth and facilitate the filtering response. To further improve the lower frequency selectivity, a pair of split rings is inserted between the driver and the director. And a radiation null at lower frequency is generated due to the out‐of‐phase surface currents on director and split rings. For verification, a prototype with a center frequency of 3.9 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurement results have a good agreement with the simulation ones. The developed filtenna has a fractional impedance bandwidth of 14.4% (3.62–4.18 GHz), a peak realized gain of 5.8 dBi, a front‐to‐back ratio over 15 dB within the entire operational band. In addition, the filtenna also owns good filtering response with suppression levels higher than 16 and 25 dB for low‐ and high‐stopband, respectively.
Ultra‐high temporal resolution 4D angiography using arterial spin labeling with subspace reconstruction
Authors: Shen Qijia , Wu Wenchuan , Chiew Mark , Ji Yang , Woods Joseph G. , Okell Thomas W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo achieve ultra‐high temporal resolution non‐contrast 4D angiography with improved spatiotemporal fidelity.MethodsContinuous data acquisition using 3D golden‐angle sampling following an arterial spin labeling preparation allows for flexibly reconstructing 4D dynamic angiograms at arbitrary temporal resolutions. However, k‐space data is often temporally “binned” before image reconstruction, negatively affecting spatiotemporal fidelity and limiting temporal resolution. In this work, a subspace was extracted by linearly compressing a dictionary constructed from simulated curves of an angiographic kinetic model. The subspace was used to represent and reconstruct the voxelwise signal timecourse at the same temporal resolution as the data acquisition without temporal binning. Physiological parameters were estimated from the resulting images using a Bayesian fitting approach. A group of eight healthy subjects were scanned and the in vivo results reconstructed by different methods were compared. Because of the difficulty of obtaining ground truth 4D angiograms with ultra‐high temporal resolution, the in vivo results were cross‐validated with numerical simulations.ResultsThe proposed method enables 4D time‐resolved angiography with much higher temporal resolution (14.7 ms) than previously reported (˜50 ms) while maintaining high spatial resolution (1.1 mm isotropic). Blood flow dynamics were depicted in greater detail, thin vessel visibility was improved, and the estimated physiological parameters also exhibited more realistic spatial patterns with the proposed method.ConclusionIncorporating a subspace compressed kinetic model into the reconstruction of 4D ASL angiograms notably improved the temporal resolution and spatiotemporal fidelity, which was subsequently beneficial for accurate physiological modeling.
Intra‐ and Inter‐Rater Reliability, Measurement Error and Criteria and Convergent Validities of the Dualpex Plus for the Vaginal Manometry of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Women With Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Carro Daniela Fantin , da Silveira Leda Tomiko Yamada , Baracat Edmund Chada , Haddad Jorge , Lunardi Adriana C. , Ferreira Elizabeth Alves 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo test the Intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability, measurement error and criteria and convergent validities of the Dualpex Plus (DP) for vaginal manometry in women with urinary incontinence (UI).DesignThis is a clinimetric properties study.SettingUniversity Hospital in Brazil.PopulationOne hundred and two women with UI.MethodsVaginal manometry was performed with DP and Peritron (Pr), in a random order. Intra‐rater reliability was tested within a 1‐week interval; inter‐rater reliability was tested on the same day by two different evaluators. Perception of contraction and comfort with each device were assessed and compared with Chi‐square or paired t tests. Reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Criteria (with Pr) and convergent (with Oxford score) validities were evaluated by Pearson's correlation. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change were also calculated.Main Outcome MeasuresIntra‐ and inter‐rater reliability, measurement error and criteria and convergent validities of the Dualpex Plus.ResultsDP showed substantial inter‐rater and excellent intra‐rater reliability (ICC = 0.85; 95% CI 0.76–0.91 and 0.90; 95% CI 0.86–0.93, respectively); strong and positive criteria validity (r = 0.83; p < 0.001) and convergent validity (r = 0.45; p < 0.001). Pressure values for pelvic floor muscle contraction were different between DP and Pr [17.61 ± 12.22 vs. 34.91 ± 21.22 cmH2O; p < 0.001]. SEM was doubtful (19%) and the minimum detectable change was 0.152 cmH2O. DP was more comfortable than Pr and perception of contraction was higher for Pr.ConclusionDualpex Plus showed adequate clinimetric properties. Measurement error was considered doubtful. DP was more comfortable than Pr and perception of contraction was higher for Pr.