bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<p>Efektivitas ekstrak kulit kayu rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) terhadap Candida albicans</p><p>The effectiveness of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) bark extract on the growth of Candida albicans<p>
Authors: Nasution Masdelina , Nasution Minasari , Hasibuan Mirza , Lindawati Yumi 
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan: Ekstrak kulit kayu rambutan memiliki senyawa aktif yang digunakan sebagai antijamur terutama pada Candida albicans. Candida albicans pada rongga mulut dapat menyebabkan kandidiasis lidah. Salah satu faktor predisposisi yang memicu kandidiasis adalah terganggunya ekologi mulut atau perubahan mikrobiologi mulut karena pemakaian antibiotika dalam waktu yang lama oleh karena itu diperlukan antibiotik berbahan herbal yang dapat digunakan secara topikal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas daya hambat ekstrak kulit kayu rambutan terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans pada konsentrasi 80%, 40%, 20%,10%, konsentrasi minimum daya hambat (KHM) dan daya bunuh (KBM) ekstrak kulit kayu rambutan terhadap Candida albicans. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan penelitian post test only control group design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah Candida albicans yang diisolasi dari penderita kandidiasis lidah dan dibiakkan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RS USU. Pengujian efektivitas ekstrak kulit kayu rambutan terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans dengan metode dilusi dan difusi, ekstrak kulit kayu rambutan dibuat dengan teknik maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dengan berbagai konsentrasi (80%, 40%, 20% dan 10%). Hasil: uji Kruskal- Wallis menunjukkan perbedaan zona hambat yang signifikan pada beberapa konsentrasi. KHM Ekstrak kulit kayu rambutan diperoleh 20%, dan KBM 40%. Simpulan: bahwa ekstrak kulit kayu rambutan memiliki efektivitas antijamur terhadap Candida albicans.Kata kunci: kulit kayu rambutan, KHM, KBM, Zona hambat, Candida albicans.
Optimizing glycerosome formulations via an orthogonal experimental design to enhance transdermal triptolide delivery
Authors: Zhu Chunyun , Zhang Yongtai , Wu Tong , He Zehui , Guo Teng , Feng Nianping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Triptolide exerts strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects; however, its oral administration might be associated with side effects. Transdermal administration can improve the safety of triptolide. In this study, glycerosomes were prepared as the transdermal vehicle to enhance the transdermal delivery of triptolide. With entrapment efficiency and drug loading as dependent variables, the glycerosome formulation was optimized using an orthogonal experimental design. Phospholipid-to-cholesterol and phospholipid-to-triptolide mass ratios of 30:1 and 5:1, respectively and a glycerol concentration of 20 % (V/V) were used in the optimization. The glycerosomes prepared with the optimized formulation showed good stability, with an average particle size of 153.10 ± 2.69 nm, a zeta potential of –45.73 ± 0.60 mV and an entrapment greater than 75 %. Glycerosomes significantly increased the transdermal delivery of triptolide compared to conventional liposomes. As efficient carriers for the transdermal delivery of drugs, glycerosomes can potentially be used as an alternative to oral triptolide administration.
Creativity and Remote Teaching in Pandemic Times: From the Unpredictable to the Possible
Authors: Neves-Pereira Mônica Souza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a new agenda for humanity. In a very rapid and improvised way, we were invited to give new answers to everyday practices and experiences, challenged by a context of social isolation unprecedented for a globalized world. The resources that allowed us to build and innovate in the face of such a scenario were mostly derived from communication technologies. In a very short time, the contexts of work, schools, social practices migrated to computers’ screens, cell phones, and so on, transforming them into learning tools mediating social relations. People have long used technology to study, to work and to relate to each other. With COVID-19, we need to face unpredictable situations, requiring rapid adaptation, and the urgent creation of remote relational contexts as a way to respond immediately to the challenges and problem situations emerging from the pandemic. In this article, the remote teaching experience of an undergraduate class at a Brazilian university will be discussed, considering the students’ self-perception about the dynamics of their creative processes in this period. Through a “Free Talk” session carried out in an undergraduate class, we will discuss technologies and teaching, differentiated educational practices and their impacts on the learning processes and, in particular, we will reflect on creativity, the fragility of its development in difficult times and its power to deal with unpredictability, transforming human paths into new possibilities.
Central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure: whom to screen and how to treat? – A brief review
Authors: Borcea Corina-Ioana , Mihălțan Florin-Dumitru , Deleanu Oana-Claudia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Central sleep apnoea (CSA) in patients with heart failure (HF) has gained considerable interest in the sleep field within the last decade. Early detection and polysomnography (PSG) patterns recently stated, as well as limited therapeutic approaches remain challenging, that of the positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies show positive effects on cardiovascular mortality in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The era of personalised medicine promotes further analyses of phenotyping of HF patients for individualised treatment consecutively.
Lung function tests, exercise capacity and postoperative outcomes of patients with pulmonary resections
Authors: Pele Irina , Bolca Ciprian , Dumitrache-Rujinski Ștefan , Mihălțan Florin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aim: Postoperative complications, especially pulmonary complications, are described after lung resections, with different risk factors involved. We evaluate the relationship between lung function, exercise test parameters and the occurrence of postoperative outcomes in patients with pulmonary resections.

Methods: A 5 years prospective observational study on patients with lung resection (lobectomy, bilobectomy and pneumonectomy) for lung cancer and other pulmonary pathologies has been performed. All the patients were preoperatively evaluated using spirometry, plethysmography, diffusing capacity test and cardio-pulmonary exercise test (CPET). Data were analysed regarding the linkage between cardiopulmonary fitness and postoperative outcomes (respiratory complications and 90-day mortality).

Results: Of 155 consecutive patients (109 male, mean age 61.2 ± 9.8 years), 130 (83.9%) underwent pulmonary resection for lung cancer. Nearly 24% of patients developed postoperative respiratory complications (mainly atelectasis, prolonged air leak and respiratory failure). The 90-day mortality was 5.2%. A reduced absolute value of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was found to be associated with postoperative atelectasis [odds ratio (OR) 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11–0.99], but with low accuracy. The most related variable and a predictor to prolonged air leak was FEV1/vital capacity (VC) ratio (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.83–0.99). Patients who developed respiratory failure had lower values of static volumes and breathing reserve (BR%) compared to those without respiratory failure, but with no significant difference (P > 0.050). No relationship to mortality was noted.

Conclusion: In our study group, lower values of FEV1 were related to postoperative atelectasis and obstructive dysfunction with persistent air leak, with no significant association with mortality.
Prostate Specific Antigen Dynamics and Features in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Folkmanis Kristofs , Hajjar Amrou , Junk Elizabete , Merdane Evelīna , Folkmanis Valdis , Folkmane Inese , Isajevs Sergejs 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Despite the common use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum level as a tumour marker in diagnosis of prostate cancer, it seems that the PSA doubling time (PSADT) and PSA velocity (PSAV) could be more useful indicators of tumour behaviour and prognosis for patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of PSAV and PSADT in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and their relationship with prostate cancer histopathological characteristics. Eighty-six patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were enrolled in the study. Based on the PSA measurements the PSA dynamic values were calculated: PSADT and PSAV. In addition, clinical and histo-pathological characteristics, including disease stage and prognostic groups were evaluated. The obtained results showed that the first PSA value was 4.29 ng/ml (1.28–13.56), the second PSA value was 7.76 ng/ml (7.60–47.60), and the third PSA value was 9.67 ng/ml (2.56–98.50). The median PSADT was 51.01 months (7.80–311.81) and the median PSAV was 2.66 ng/ml/per year (0.22–4.66). In addition, significant correlations between PSAV and pre- and post-operative Gleason score, and prognostic groups were observed. Significant correlation between PSADT and pre- and pos-toperative Gleason score and prognostic risk groups was demonstrated. This study demonstrated that PSAV and PSADT were significantly correlated with postoperative Gleason score and prognostic risk groups, demonstrating its role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer progression.
Research on the Parameters Influencing the Numerical Analysis of the Fatigue Behaviour of a Forklift-ARM
Authors: Florescu Virgil , Mocanu Ștefan , Neagu Ancuța , Sescu-Gal Cristina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Estimating the remaining service life of a forklift for an objective reference is not only a requirement of the applicable legislation but also represents a challenge for specialized technical staff.
It is well known that the first fatigue failure element of a forklift is its fork. A simulation using the SolidWorks suite and its result is presented in this article. It allows the identification of critical areas of fatigue failure.
Based on the design of the subassembly and the loading scheme of the original product, the model under analysis with finite element was made on a 1: 1 scale. The filet areas also required a comparative analysis of the results obtained depending on the choice of mesh and discretization element.
Starting from the mechanical properties of the material as well as the association with the characteristic fatigue yield curves (Wohler), a method for estimating the remaining service life of the structure is proposed. The aspect related to obtaining exact results without an excessive consumption of computing resources was also taken into account.
Investigation of the Effect of the Deck Material on the Cost in Cable-Stayed Bridges with Different Spans
Authors: Köken Ali , Farhad Ahmed Ali Abdulqader 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recent developments in the social sphere also cause an increase in transportation activities. Increased transport activities lead to the construction of new roads and bridges. Different bridge construction systems are available to overcome large span obstacles. Cable-stayed bridges are more advantageous construction systems than other bridge type building carrier systems in overcoming large spans through suspension cables. Therefore, it is also widely preferred by designers. The biggest factor in the development of cable-stayed bridges is undoubtedly steel cables. Cable-stayed bridges are bridge structures that become lighter with the increase of the span, which has a more expanded flexibility, and that includes a cable system with the effect of nonlinear factors. Costs of cable-stayed bridges vary according to different spans. The span as well as the deck material used in the bridge system have a great effect on the cost. In cable-stayed bridge systems, decks are constructed of reinforced concrete and steel.
The costs of cable-stayed bridges are widely discussed around the world; therefore, the effect of the span and deck material on the cost of cable-stayed bridges is being investigated. The main bearing elements of such bridges are cables, decks, and towers, and among these elements, the tower bridge carries all the weight of the bridge, even other external loads such as vehicle, wind, etc. In this study, the three-dimensional model of the cable, deck and tower elements that make up the cable-stayed bridge system was created and analysed using the CSI Bridge Program. The AASHTO LRFD Standards, which are widely used in the analysis of bridge systems with the CSI Bridge program and the design of bridge systems in the world, were used. In the study, the analysis and designs of cable-stayed bridges with reinforced concrete and steel deck at 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000 meters span were carried out. The amount of materials and costs used in the analysis and design of the cable-stayed bridge systems were obtained and the results were interpreted.
Characterization of Coconut Shell Ash and Eggshell Powder as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Roller Compacted Concrete Industrial Access Pavements and Parking Facilities
Authors: Ogbonna Alban Chidiebere 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The cost of cement used in concrete works is on the increase and unaffordable, yet the need for hydraulic cement concrete and other cement concrete based infrastructures keeps growing with increasing population, thus the need to find alternative binding materials that can be used solely or in partial replacement of cement. The use of waste materials with pozzolanic properties in concrete production is a becoming a worldwide practice. The assessment of the pozzolanic activity of cement replacement materials is becoming increasingly important because of the need for more sustainable cementing products. In this study, a mixture of coconut shell ash and eggshell powder is used as partial replacement of hydraulic cement in ranges of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The concrete specimens were prepared at 1: 3: 2.5 mix ratio of cementitious material, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. The mix ratio satisfied the minimum cement content of 148.32kg/m3 (250Ib/yd3) and the minimum cementitious material content of 267 kg/m3 (450Ib/yd3) for roller compacted concrete pavement. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength tests were carried out to assess the strength characteristics of ternary concrete mixture containing coconut shell ash and eggshell powder and the feasibility of using coconut shell ash and eggshell powder as partial replacement of cement in industrial plant access concrete roads and parking lots. The results indicate that a mixture of coconut shell ash and eggshell powder can be used up to 20% by weight for replacement of cement in roller compacted industrial plant access concrete roads and parking lots.
STRATEGI KEPALA SEKOLAH SMA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Joko Bambang Suwardi , Relisa  
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui strategi pembelajaran yang diterapkan, kendala yang dihadapi, serta upaya kepala SMA di Sumatera Utara pada pembelajaran di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan campuran (mixed method), menggabungkan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Studi dokumen dilakukan untuk mengkaji data peran kepala sekolah berupa tugas dan fungsi yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran dalam membantu guru meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran. Data sekunder berasal dari Direktorat PSMA, Pusdatin Kemdikbud, dan unit terkait. Sebanyak 71 responden kepala SMA berpartisipasi dalam survey online Instrumen kepala sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, sekolah menyusun rencana dengan menentukan kurikulum yaitu K-13, kurikulum darurat, atau pengembangan kurikulum sendiri. Banyak SMA mengikuti kebijakan Kemdikbud menggunakan RPP 1 lembar yang disederhanakan. Media pembalajaran yang dianggap efektif adalah video pembelajaran, foto, dan powerpoint. Sebagian besar melaksanakan pembalajaran secara daring, dan menyarankan guru dalam pemberian tugas siswa memakai aplikasi yang bervariasi agar siswa tidak bosan. Kendala pembelajaran yaitu kuota internet terbatas, fasilitas internet kurang, tidak ada jaringan bahkan banyak guru tidak terbiasa menggunakan internet. Evaluasi penilaian berdasarkan hasil laporan kegiatan, hasil ujian, serta diskusi dengan guru, berbentuk essay, pilihan ganda, dan tugas proyek. Tindak lanjut penilaian, memberikan umpan balik kepada guru, siswa dan orangtua, melakukan remedial, dan memberikan dan pengayaan.
EVALUASI SISTEM PENYIAPAN GURU UNTUK MENGAJAR PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN DASAR
Authors: Sili Sabon Simon , Widodo  
Published: August 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi sistem pendidikan yang mempersiapkan guru SD pada Lembaga Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan (LPTK) yaitu dengan membuat deskripsi tentang: (i) sistem pendidikan penyiapan guru, (ii) status akreditasi LPTK dan program studi (Prodi) Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar (PGSD) serta Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG), (iii) pemenuhan standar mutu dosen di LPTK, (iv) mutu input mahasiswa LPTK, dan (v) mutu magang oleh mahasiswa LPTK. Pendekatan kajian ini adalah campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder yang ada di Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi (PDDikti) dan Badan Akreditasi Nasional Pendidikan Tinggi (BAN PT). Kajian ini juga menggunakan data primer berupa data survey online terhadap mahasiswa tingkat akhir di empat LPTK di wilayah Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Hasilnya: Sistem pendidikan penyiapan guru SD sedang mengalami perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik, namun perubahan itu tidak diimplementasikan secara ketat. Jika sebelumnya lulusan sarjana pendidikan bisa langsung direkrut menjadi guru, maka setelah terbitnya Permendibud 87/2013 tentang PPG, seorang sarjana pendidikan harus mengikuti PPG terlebih dahulu jika ingin menjadi guru profesional. Ditemukan juga bahwa sebagian besar Prodi PGSD dan PPG belum terakreditasi BAN PT. Prodi PGSD yang sudah terakreditasi, sebagian hanya memperoleh nilai C. Pemenuhan LPTK terhadap standar dosen, pada umumnya sudah sangat siap untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang bermutu karena sebagian besar sudah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan yaitu minimal berpendidikan S2. Pada sejumlah LPTK jumlah dosennya justru berlebih sehingga beban kerjanya kurang dari standar yang ditetapkan. Mutu input mahasiswa, sudah cukup baik sebab animo masyarakat yang tinggi untuk masuk PGSD, dan sebagian besar mahasiswa memilih masuk PGSD karena memang bercita-cita untuk menjadi guru. Terkait Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) atau Pemantapan Kemampuan Mengajar (PKM), sebagian besar mahasiswa merasa telah mendapat pengalaman memadai dari PPL/PKM untuk menjadi guru. Mengacu pada temuan ini kajian merekomendasikan agar Kemendikbud dan LPTK menerapkan secara ketat Permendikbud 87/2013 yaitu hanya mau menghasilkan guru profesional saja melalui PPG. Agar program ini dapat berjalan maka Kemendikbud harus bekerja sama dengan Pemerintah daerah (Pemda) agar mulai melakukan rekruitmen guru baru dengan persyaratannya hanya menerima lulusan PPG. PPG juga harus lebih mengutamakan mutu sehingga hanya mau menerima lulusan sarjana pendidikan. Selain itu khusus untuk BAN PT, agar segera melakukan akreditasi terhadap Prodi yang hanya diselenggarakan berdasarkan ijin operasional. Jika ada Prodi yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan maka sebaiknya diusulkan untuk dihentikan ijin operasionalnya.
Kata kunci: Lembaga Pendidikan Guru, Akreditasi, Standar dosen, mutu input mahasiswa
PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING LULUSAN MELALUI NUDGING JURUSAN DAN PERKULIAHAN DALAM SITUS PERGURUAN TINGGI INDONESIA
Authors: Lie Luther 
Published: August 2021

Nudging majors and courses may increase the ompetitiveness of Indonesian graduates. In order to nudge them, university corporations shall provide the characteristics of majors and courses on their websites. This paper will discuss the value of choice and an understanding of choice in decision-making, the impact of choosing wrong majors on the competitiveness of graduates, and the relation between law and human development. This paper will examine the existing laws and regulation proposal on the provision of the characteristics of majors and courses on the university corporation websites in Indonesia. The research is based on laws and regulations on education and public information related to such information provision and supported by website samples from various university corporations in Indonesia and overseas. The author proposes the government to regulate a Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education Regulation that requires university corporations in Indonesia to provide the characteristics of majors and courses on their websites to increase the competitiveness of Indonesian graduates. With the availability of the characteristics of majors and courses, prospective students may know and understand better the available majors and its learning materials. This knowledge and understanding will empower prospective students to choose majors that align with their interests and talents.
Peningkatkan daya saing lulusan perguruan tinggi di Indonesia dapat dilakukan melalui nudging jurusan dan mata kuliah. Untuk melaksanakan nudge jurusan dan mata kuliah, perguruan tinggi wajib menyediakan informasi jurusan dan mata kuliah dalam situsnya. Karya tulis ilmiah ini akan membahas pentingnya pilihan dan pemahaman akan pilihan dalam pengambilan keputusan, dampak kekeliruan pilihan jurusan terhadap daya saing lulusan, dan keterkaitan pengaturan dengan pembangunan sumber daya manusia. Karya tulis ilmiah ini akan mengkaji pengaturan yang ada dan usulan pengaturan tentang penyediaan informasi jurusan mata kuliah dalam sistem elektronik perguruan tinggi diIndonesia. Penelitian didasarkan pada peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang pendidikan dan informasi publik terkait dengan penyediaan informasi tersebut dan didukung dengan sampel situs pelbagai perguruan tinggi di Indonesia dan mancanegara. Penulis mengusulkan pemerintah untuk mengatur suatu Peraturan Menteri Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi yang mensyaratkan perguruan tinggi di Indonesia untuk menyediakan informasi jurusan dan mata kuliah dalam sistem elektronik untuk meningkatkan daya saing lulusan Indonesia. Dengan ketersediaan informasi jurusan dan mata kuliah, calon mahasiswa dapat mengetahui dan memahami secara lebih jelas tentang jurusan yang tersedia dan materi ajar dalam suatu jurusan. Pengetahuan dan pemahaman ini akan memampukan calon mahasiswa untuk memilih jurusan yang selaras dengan minat dan bakatnya.
ЕСТЕТИЧНЕ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЯК АКТУАЛЬНИЙ НАПРЯМ РОЗВИТКУ ЗДІБНОСТЕЙ У ДІТЕЙ
Authors: Лозинська Світлана , Сірант Неля , Проц Марта 
Published: August 2021

У статті підкреслено, що піднесення художнього сприймання у дітей здійснюється декількома шляхами це – розвиток естетичного сприймання, формування естетичних почуттів та розвиток здібності до інтерпретації картин, розуміння зображеного.
Особистісна орієнтація сучасної освіти передбачає залучення дитини до естетичного досвіду людства, до творчої діяльності, до естетичного оцінювання діяльності, яка виступає осередком естетичного розвитку індивіда. У взаємовідношенню з відповідним оцінюванням набуває сприйняття точних запитань естетичної вихованості та естетичної роботи, оцінювання естетичної діяльності та опорних теоретичних засад створення естетичної оцінки дитини.
Some Geometric Properties for a Certain Class of Meromorphic Univalent Functions by Differential Operator
Authors: Lafta Mohammed Hadi 
Published: August 2021

The major target of this paper is to study a confirmed class of meromorphic univalent functions . We procure several results, such as those related to coefficient estimates, distortion and growth theorem, radii of starlikeness, and convexity for this class, n additionto hadamard product, convex combination, closure theorem, integral operators, and neighborhoods.