bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic assessment of cartilage damage at the metacarpal head in rheumatoid arthritis: qualitative versus quantitative methods
Authors: Cipolletta Edoardo , Mandl Peter , Di Matteo Andrea , Mashadi Mirza Riccardo , Passarini Giancarlo , Grassi Walter , Filippucci Emilio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo test the validity of the OMERACT semi-quantitative score by comparing with a quantitative method in the US assessment of hyaline cartilage at the metacarpal head (MH) in patients with RA and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsThe hyaline cartilage from the second to fifth MHs of both hands was scanned. Hyaline cartilage was scored semi-quantitatively and quantitatively by measuring cartilage thickness and comparing with reference values. In RA patients, radiographic joint space narrowing (JSN) was scored on the same joints using the Simple Erosion Narrowing Score (SENS).ResultsA total of 408 MHs in 51 RA patients and 320 MHs in 40 HSs were evaluated. The OMERACT semi-quantitative score was quicker to perform than the quantitative method [6.0 min (s.d. 0.5) vs 8.0 (1.5); P &lt; 0.01]. A significant correlation between the US scores (R = 0.68) and between the US scores and the JSN-SENS (R = 0.61 and R = 0.63 for the semi-quantitative and quantitative method, respectively) was found. The frequency of cartilage abnormalities was similar between the two US methods in RA patients (58.8% and 51.0% of RA patients for the semi-quantitative and quantitative method, respectively; P = 0.46), while the former revealed more abnormalities in HCs (27.5% and 7.5% of HCs; P = 0.02).ConclusionThe higher feasibility of the OMERACT semi-quantitative score suggests its use as a first-choice method in the evaluation of cartilage damage. However, despite its limits, the quantitative assessment of HCs, providing patient-tailored information with age- and sex-corrected cut-off values, may represent a valid supplement for optimizing the evaluation of cartilage damage in selected cases.
Altered functional connectivity during face processing in children born with very low birth weight
Authors: Sato Julie , Safar Kristina , Vandewouw Marlee M , Bando Nicole , O’Connor Deborah L , Unger Sharon L , Taylor Margot J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Structural brain alterations have been reported in key emotional face processing regions following preterm birth; however, few studies have investigated the functional networks underlying these processes in children born with very low birth weight (VLBW). Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we examined the functional networks related to the implicit processing of happy and angry faces in 5-year-old VLBW (n = 28) and full-term (FT; n = 24) children. We found that VLBW children showed atypical recruitment of emotional face processing networks in theta (4–7 Hz) compared to FT children. VLBW children showed reduced theta connectivity during processing of angry faces only. This hypo-connected theta-band network was anchored in the left orbitofrontal and parietal regions, involved in the higher level processing of faces and emotion regulation. At the behavioural level, despite VLBW children performing within the normal range, FT children had significantly higher affect recognition scores. Our MEG results suggest a selective impairment in processing angry faces, which would negatively impact social functioning in VLBW children. In FT children, greater recruitment of this theta-band network was positively associated with improved affect recognition scores. Thus, our findings suggest an important role of theta oscillations in early face processing, deficits which may contribute to broader socio-emotional impairments in VLBW children.
Developmental Exposure to Domoic Acid Disrupts Startle Response Behavior and Circuitry in Zebrafish
Authors: Panlilio Jennifer M , Jones Ian T , Salanga Matthew C , Aluru Neelakanteswar , Hahn Mark E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Harmful algal blooms produce potent neurotoxins that accumulate in seafood and are hazardous to human health. Developmental exposure to the harmful algal bloom toxin, domoic acid (DomA), has behavioral consequences well into adulthood, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DomA developmental neurotoxicity are largely unknown. To assess these, we exposed zebrafish embryos to DomA during the previously identified window of susceptibility and used the well-known startle response circuit as a tool to identify specific neuronal components that are targeted by exposure to DomA. Exposure to DomA reduced startle responsiveness to both auditory/vibrational and electrical stimuli, and even at the highest stimulus intensities tested, led to a dramatic reduction of one type of startle (short-latency c-starts). Furthermore, DomA-exposed larvae had altered kinematics for both types of startle responses tested, exhibiting shallower bend angles and slower maximal angular velocities. Using vital dye staining, immunolabeling, and live imaging of transgenic lines, we determined that although the sensory inputs were intact, the reticulospinal neurons required for short-latency c-starts were absent in most DomA-exposed larvae. Furthermore, axon tracing revealed that DomA-treated larvae also showed significantly reduced primary motor neuron axon collaterals. Overall, these results show that developmental exposure to DomA targets large reticulospinal neurons and motor neuron axon collaterals, resulting in measurable deficits in startle behavior. They further provide a framework for using the startle response circuit to identify specific neural populations disrupted by toxins or toxicants and to link these disruptions to functional consequences for neural circuit function and behavior.
Complete Genome of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina Strain A7 Isolated from Southern Chile
Authors: Núñez Pablo , Muster Cecilia , Lisperguer María José , Vargas Ester , Bustos Sofia 
Published: June 2021

The complete genome sequence of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina A7 was obtained by a hybrid approach combining PacBio and Illumina HiSeq sequence data. A single circular chromosome of 5.1 mb with 65.47% G + C content was obtained, including 4,344 coding sequences identified as well as some genes involved in copper resistance. The information obtained corresponds to the first report of a high-quality whole genome of X. arboricola pv. corylina, isolated from infected hazelnut trees in southern Chile. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Seeing Past the Sentence
Authors: McCormick Robin , Painter Leslie 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:
The number of women who are incarcerated in the United States has grown significantly since 1980. Caring for pregnant women who are in the correctional system requires special knowledge and the skills of advocacy and compassion. The purpose of this article is to discuss strategies to provide compassionate, sensitive, and trauma-informed care that demonstrates the love of Christ to incarcerated pregnant women.
Designing a Short-Term Healthcare Service-Learning Mission Trip for Impact and Sustainability
Authors: Adam Jamie , Greene Elisa 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:
Educators creating healthcare service-learning mission trips for students recognize that success is measured in benefit to students, the community served, and in sustainability. Partnering in Guatemala with a nonprofit ministry, Belmont University faculty describe their experience with service-learning trips and how impact was measured, particularly on students' faith and service. Useful steps for overcoming barriers to sustainability for the university and local community served are provided.
Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Wall Neuromas
Authors: Chappell Ava G. , Yang Christopher S. , Dumanian Gregory A. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Neuromas are an under-recognized contributor to chronic abdominal pain. Other than after mesh inguinal hernia repair, surgical management of painful abdominal wall neuromas has not been well established in the literature.

Methods:
All patients who underwent surgical treatment for painful abdominal wall neuromas by the senior author at Northwestern Memorial Hospital were reviewed. Patients were treated with neuroma excision and allograft nerve reconstruction and/or with targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR). Follow-up pain surveys were issued to assess pain levels, activities of daily living, and pain medication usage.

Results:
Twenty patients met inclusion criteria. Eighteen (90%) patients reported improvement in neuropathic pain postoperatively. Two (10%) patients had TMR following failed nerve allograft reconstruction, which led to complete pain resolution. Twenty-seven nerves were treated surgically, the majority of which were abdominal intercostal (13), followed by ilioinguinal (10), genitofemoral (3), and iliohypogastric (1). Nerve allograft reconstruction was used alone for 18 procedures, in combination with TMR for 2, and TMR was used alone in 8. In all cases of TMR, the freshened nerve ending after neuroma excision was coapted to a motor nerve of the internal oblique. The mean length of follow-up was 18.9 months (SD ±14.5).

Conclusions:
This retrospective review demonstrated that 90% (18) of the patients had significant improvement in abdominal neuroma pain postoperatively. These results may help guide providers toward effective management of abdominal wall neuropathic pain.
Association of Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index With Orbital Fungal Disease Outcomes
Authors: Kupcha Anna C. , Simmons Brittany A. , Law James J. , Liu Yuhan , Chen Qingxia , Shriver Erin M. , Brown Eric N. , Mawn Louise A. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
To determine whether the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (age-CCI) in sino-orbital fungal disease patients correlates with disease-specific mortality.

Methods:
Hospital billing systems at 2 academic institutions were queried for patients with ICD-9, ICD-10, and CPT codes used in fungal disease who also had orbital disease and significant visual loss. Thirty-two patients at Institution A and 18 patients at Institution B met the inclusion criteria of microbiologic or pathologic confirmation of fungal infection and completion of inpatient ophthalmology evaluation. Patients without radiographic abnormality in the sinus or orbit were excluded. Demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and outcome variables were recorded. Our primary outcome was death due to fungal disease.

Results:
Of the 50 medical records examined, 44 patients met the criteria for fungal-related death outcome on multivariate analysis. The regression coefficient for age-CCI and fungal-related mortality was 0.242 (95% CI, 0.012–0.779) with a p value of 0.038.

Conclusions:
Age-CCI is significantly associated with fungal-related mortality. This relationship remains significant when controlling for 5 covariates of fungal organism phylum, presence or absence of CNS disease, exenteration, local treatment use, and presence or absence of an immunosuppressive diagnosis. Age-CCI shows promise as a clinical and research tool in the evaluation of invasive fungal disease involving the orbit.
Teprotumumab and Hearing Loss: Case Series and Proposal for Audiologic Monitoring
Authors: Belinsky Irina , Creighton Francis X. , Mahoney Nicholas , Petris Carisa K. , Callahan Alison B. , Campbell Ashley A. , Kazim Michael , Lee H. B. Harold , Yoon Michael K. , Dagi Glass Lora R. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
To present a protocol for audiologic monitoring in the setting of teprotumumab treatment of thyroid eye disease, motivated by 4 cases of significant hearing loss, and review the relevant literature.

Methods:
Cases of hearing loss in the setting of teprotumumab were retrospectively elicited as part of a multi-institutional focus group, including oculoplastic surgeons, a neurotologist and an endocrinologist. A literature review was performed.

Results:
An aggregate of 4 cases of teprotumumab-associated hearing loss documented by formal audiologic testing were identified among 3 clinicians who had treated 28 patients.

Conclusions:
Teprotumumab may cause a spectrum of potentially irreversible hearing loss ranging from mild to severe, likely resulting from the inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor pathway. Due to the novelty of teprotumumab and the lack of a comprehensive understanding of its effect on hearing, the authors endorse prospective investigations of hearing loss in the setting of teprotumumab treatment. Until the results of such studies are available, the authors think it prudent to adopt a surveillance protocol to include an audiogram and tympanometry before, during and after infusion, and when prompted by new symptoms of hearing dysfunction.
Central Processing in Tinnitus: fMRI Study Outlining Patterns of Activation Using an Auditory Discrimination Task in Normal Versus Tinnitus Patients
Authors: Zenke Julianna K. , Rahman Samiha , Guo Qi , Leung Ada W. S. , Gomaa Nahla A. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Elucidate brain activity differences between patients with tinnitus and controls.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting:
Outpatient Otolaryngology clinic.

Patients:
Three cohorts; 8 controls, 12 with subjective idiopathic tinnitus (tinnitus without hearing loss), and 12 with both tinnitus and hearing loss.

Intervention:
An auditory oddball identification task was performed in fMRI scanner.

Main Outcome Measures:
Task performance and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores were recorded. Brain activation maps were generated comparing deviant and standard tones as well as at rest. One-way and two-way T-contrasts were generated in addition to multiple regression modeling which identified significant brain regions predicting tinnitus, disease severity, duration, and task performance.

Results:
Task performance worsened in tinnitus patients with increased auditory workload, in terms of additional hearing loss. THI score and grade correlated with false alarms. The limbic system, heschel's gyrus, angular gyrus and cerebellum have a significant effect on both brain behavior in patients with tinnitus, and predictability of tinnitus and its behavioral implications.

Conclusion:
Increased auditory workload resulted in poorer task performance. Moreover, it is possible to predict auditory task performance in patients with tinnitus by looking at the activity of specific regions of interest. Heschl's gyrus, angular gyrus, cerebellar, and limbic system activity are important contributors to neurological activity associated with tinnitus. Finally, predictive modeling may influence further research surrounding tinnitus treatment.
Whole blood hemostatic resuscitation in pediatric trauma: A nationwide propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Anand Tanya , Obaid Omar , Nelson Adam , Chehab Mohamad , Ditillo Michael , Hammad Ahmad , Douglas Molly , Bible Letitia , Joseph Bellal 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND
Whole blood (WB) has shown promise in pediatric trauma resuscitation following its prominent role in the resuscitation of adult trauma patients. Although WB in children has been shown to be feasible, its effectiveness has yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to examine the outcomes of WB transfusion as an adjunct to component therapy (CT) compared with CT only as early resuscitation for pediatric trauma patients.

METHODS
Children aged 1 to 17 years, who were transfused within 4 hours of presentation, were identified in the Trauma Quality Improvement Program 2017 database. Patients were stratified into those receiving WB-CT versus CT alone. Propensity score matching in a 1:2 ratio was performed based on patient demographics, injury characteristics, hemorrhage control interventions, and trauma center level. The primary outcome measure was patient transfusion requirement. Secondary outcome measures were mortality, hospital length of stay, ventilation days, and major complications.

RESULTS
A total of 135 children receiving WB-CT were matched to 270 patients receiving CT only. Mean (SD) age was 12 (5) years, 66% were male, and the median Injury Severity Score was 32 (range, 20–43). A total of 51% of patients were in shock, 34% had penetrating injuries, and 41% required surgical intervention for hemorrhage control. Total blood products transfused were significantly decreased in children receiving WB, both at 4 hours (35 [22–73] vs. 48 [33–95] mL/kg; p = 0.013) and 24 hours (39 [24–97] vs. 53 [36–119] mL/kg; p < 0.001). Mortality rate at 24 hours (19.3% vs. 21.9%; p = 0.546) and in-hospital mortality (31.1% vs. 34.4%; p = 0.502) were not different. Similarly, no difference in hospital length of stay and rates of major complications was found. Patients in the WB group required significantly less ventilation days (2 [2–6] vs. 3 [2–8] days; p = 0.021).

CONCLUSION
Using WB as an adjunct to CT was associated with decreased transfusion requirements and ventilation days in pediatric trauma patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level III.
Evaluation of statewide utilization of helicopter emergency medical services for interfacility transfer
Authors: Udekwu Pascal , Stiles Anquonette , Tann Kimberly , McIntyre Sarah , Roy Sara , Schiro Sharon 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND
Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMSs) are used with increasing frequency for the transportation of injured patients from the scene and from treatment facilities to higher levels of care. Improved outcomes have been difficult to establish, and reports of overutilization and financial harm have been published. Our study was performed to evaluate statewide utilization for interfacility transfers (IFTs).

METHODS
Data from the North Carolina state trauma registry from 2013 to 2017 were evaluated and ground, and helicopter IFTs were compared.

RESULTS
Overall interfacility use of HEMSs peaked at 7,861 patient transports in 2016, and the percent of all IFTs fell from 17% to 13.3% over the study period. Helicopter emergency medical services patients were more likely to be male (69.8%) and younger (48.0 vs. 56.2 years), and have higher Injury Severity Scores (14.6 vs. 9.0) and higher mortality (10.5% vs. 2.8%) than ground emergency medical services (GEMSs) patients. When adjusted for age, sex, Injury Severity Score, and transport distance, HEMSs survival was significantly higher (odds ratio, 0.353; 95% CI, 0.308–0.404; p < 0.0001). Normal prehospital vital signs (VSs) and Glasgow Coma Scale score motor component (GCS-M) were associated with low mortality rates in both groups. Abnormal prehospital VSs and GCS-M were associated with an 11.8% mortality rate in HEMSs patients and 3.1% in GEMSs patients. Normal referring facility VSs and GCS-M did not confer similar protection with a mortality rate of 10.0% in HEMSs patients and 2.8% in GEMSs. Changes in prehospital to referring facility VSs did not demonstrate a low mortality group. Abbreviated Injury Scale and changes in VSs did not identify HEMSs transport benefit groups.

CONCLUSION
The proportion of HEMSs transfers fell over the study period and, while associated with a 10.5% mortality rate, had an outcome benefit compared with GEMSs. These patients could not be sorted into risk categories for transportation choice based on VSs or GCS-M derangement or by changes thereof, and opportunities for system improvement were not identified.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic/epidemiological study, level III; Care Management, level IV.
Opportunities and challenges when using record linkage of routinely collected electronic health care data to evaluate outcomes of systemic anti-cancer treatment in clinical practice
Authors: Mueller Tanja , Laskey Jennifer , Baillie Kelly , Clarke Julie , Crearie Christine , Kavanagh Kimberley , Graham Janet , Graham Kathryn , Waterson Ashita , Jones Robert , Kurdi Amanj , Morrison David , Bennie Marion 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo discuss the opportunities and challenges when applying an electronic record linkage methodology with respect to systemic anti-cancer therapy, and to highlight some of the potential pitfalls spanning the entire breadth and depth of the research process.DesignRetrospective cohort studies using routinely collected, administrative health data. Setting: ScotlandResultsStudies conducted to-date have indicated that record linkage of routinely collected data to determine outcomes of treatment with cancer medicines is feasible, albeit currently within certain limits. While the general description of patient populations and the calculation of median overall survival are well supported, prevailing issues with combining data across regional boundaries and the limited availability of some variables (including molecular pathology data and information regarding toxicities) may restrict the extent of analyses feasible.ConclusionThere is scope to conduct large cohort studies to generate results from clinical practice using linkage of routinely collected health care data within a reasonable time frame; however, close collaboration between researchers, data controllers, and clinicians is required in order to obtain valid and meaningful results.Article SummaryStrengths and limitations of this studyThis is the first description of a comprehensive programme aimed at evaluating the feasibility of linking routinely collected health data to evaluate the outcomes of systemic anti-cancer treatment in clinical practice.The multi-disciplinary study team comprised both academics and clinicians, with a wide range of skills, expertise, and experience.While a number of studies focusing on different cancers have successfully been conducted, not all research questions of interest could be fully answered due to some existing data gaps.Nevertheless, study findings have been discussed with health care professionals across Scotland, and have started to have an impact on shared patient-clinical decision making.
Biallelic truncation variants in ATP9A are associated with a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Mattioli Francesca , Darvish Hossein , Paracha Sohail Aziz , Tafakhori Abbas , Firouzabadi Saghar Ghasemi , Chapi Marjan , Azhar Baig Hafiz Muhammad , Reymond Alexandre , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Ansar Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIntellectual disability (ID) is a highly heterogeneous disorder with hundreds of associated genes. Despite progress in the identification of the genetic causes of ID following the introduction of high-throughput sequencing, about half of affected individuals still remain without a molecular diagnosis. Consanguineous families with affected individuals provide a unique opportunity to identify novel recessive causative genes.In this report we describe a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder. We identified two consanguineous families with homozygous variants predicted to alter the splicing of ATP9A which encodes a transmembrane lipid flippase of the class II P4-ATPases. The three individuals homozygous for these putatively truncating variants presented with severe ID, motor and speech impairment, and behavioral anomalies. Consistent with a causative role of ATP9A in these patients, a previously described Atp9a-/-mouse model showed behavioral changes.
Association between motor task acquisition and hippocampal atrophy across cognitively unimpaired, amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease individuals
Authors: Schaefer Sydney Y. , Malek-Ahmadi Michael , Hooyman Andrew , King Jace B. , Duff Kevin 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTHippocampal atrophy is a widely used biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the cost, time, and contraindications associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) limit its use. Recent work has shown that a low-cost upper extremity motor task has potential in identifying AD risk. Fifty-four older adults (15 cognitively unimpaired, 24 amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and 15 AD) completed six motor task trials and a structural MRI. Motor task acquisition significantly predicted bilateral hippocampal volume, controlling for age, sex, education, and memory. Thus, this motor task may be an affordable, non-invasive screen for AD risk and progression.