bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DETEKSI Escherichia coli DAN Angka Paling Mungkin PADA AIR SUMUR DEKAT JAMBAN DIDAERAH WONOAYU, SIDOARJO
Authors: Anggraeni Putri , Ekawati Evy Ratnasari 
Published: March 2021

Water sources are grouped into several groups which are: sea water, surface water, and groundwater. According to the science of health, each person requires drinking water as much as 2.5 to 3 liters per day including the water in food. This research is descriptive research to find out the quality of the water wells in the area Wonoayu Sidoarjo. To find out if there are any impurities bacteria Escherichiacoliin well water. To find out the numbers of the bacteria Escherichia coliand APM on a water well. The results of the sudy of APM well water near the toilet in Wonoayu, Sidoarjo water quality is not recommended bacteriologically in this area. Whereas maximum levels of Escherichiacolipermitted for drinking water according to is 0 or is free from pathogenic microorganisms that originated in feces, while 50% of water samples in the area of Wonoayu contains coliform. Coliform bacteria in great numbers along with the feces will pollute the environment with 5 positive samples results contain Escherichia coliand 5 negative samples of Escherichia coli.
Putative carboxylesterase gene identification and their expression patterns in Hyphantria cunea (Drury)
Authors: Ye Jia , Mang Dingze , Kang Ke , Chen Cheng , Zhang Xiaoqing , Tang Yanping , R. Purba Endang , Song Liwen , Zhang Qing-He , Zhang Longwa 
Published: March 2021

The olfactory system of insects is important for behavioral activities as it recognizes internal and external volatile stimuli in the environment. Insect odorant degrading enzymes (ODEs), including antennal-specific carboxylesterases (CXEs), are known to degrade redundant odorant molecules or to hydrolyze important olfactory sex pheromone components and plant volatiles. Compared to many well-studied Type-I sex pheromone-producing lepidopteran species, the molecular mechanisms of the olfactory system of Type-II sex pheromone-producing Hyphantria cunea (Drury) remain poorly understood. In the current study, we first identified a total of ten CXE genes based on our previous H. unea antennal transcriptomic data. We constructed a phylogenetic tree to evaluate the relationship of HcunCXEs with other insects’ CXEs, and used quantitative PCR to investigate the gene expression of H. cunea CXEs (HcunCXEs). Our results indicate that HcunCXEs are highly expressed in antennae, legs and wings, suggesting a potential function in degrading sex pheromone components, host plant volatiles, and other xenobiotics. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for subsequent olfactory mechanism studies on H. cunea, but also offers some new insights into functions and evolutionary characteristics of CXEs in lepidopteran insects. From a practical point of view, these HcunCXEs might represent meaningful targets for developing behavioral interference control strategies against H. cunea.
Poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) ionic salt functionalized reduced graphene oxide doped with rare earth ions for anti‐corrosion performance enhancement
Authors: Hu Yue , Zhan Weiwu , Wu Zhifeng , Tang Yanreng , Huang Yangdi , Ding Xu Te , Chen Dianyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel organic–inorganic nanocomposite material of rare earth ions/ poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) ionic salt/ reduced graphene oxide (Re3+/SMA‐Is/rGO) was prepared successfully. Poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) ionic salt functionalized reduced graphene oxide (SMA‐Is/rGO) was processed with two methods of π–π conjugation and ionization; rare earth ions (Re3+ = La3+, Ce3+ Pr3+) was doped on the surface of rGO by physical mixing. SMA‐Is reduced surface energy and enlarged the interlayer spacing between rGO nanosheets, ensuring that Re3+/SMA‐Is/rGO could form a uniform dispersed phase in the organic coating. The anti‐corrosion performance of the nanocomposite coating was measured by electrochemical techniques in corrosive medium, revealing that introducing the nanocomposite to epoxy matrix exhibited a significant decline of the increase of corrosion potential and corrosion current density. In all samples, La3+/SMA‐Is/rGO had the highest anti‐corrosion performance, and the protection efficiency on mild steel was up to 98.97%.
Numerical study of a three‐dimensional electroosmotic micromixer with Koch fractal curve structure
Authors: Xiong Siyue , Chen Xueye 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDA new type of three‐dimensional electroosmotic micromixer is designed based on the Koch fractal curve principle. According to the fractal principle, the influences of fractal structure, voltage size, electrode spacing and electrode configuration on the mixing performance were proposed and studied.RESULTSThe simulation results show that under the combined action of fractal and electric field, irregular alternating vortices are generated in the microchannel, which can disturb the flow of fluid and greatly improve the mixing of fluids in the electroosmotic micromixer. In particular, when the direct current voltage is 10 V, the electrode spacing is 0.15 mm and the electroosmotic micromixer has three groups of alternately placed electrode pairs, the mixing efficiency can reach 98%.CONCLUSIONSThis new type of electroosmotic micromixer is suitable for many occasions, including the mixing of biochemical reagents, and has high application value. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Knockdown of RLIM inhibits XIST expression and improves developmental competence of cloned male pig embryos
Authors: Yang Liusong , Wu Xiao , Zhang Ning , Shi Junsong , Zhou Rong , Su Qiaoyun , Zheng Enqin , Huang Sixiu , Xu Zheng , Hong Linjun , Gu Ting , Yang Jie , Yang Huaqiang , Cai Gengyuan , Wu Zhenfang , Li Zicong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEctopic expression of Xist on the putative active X chromosome is a primary cause of the low developmental efficiency of cloned mouse and pig embryos. Suppression of abnormal Xist expression via gene knockout or RNA interference (RNAi) can significantly enhance the developmental competence of cloned mouse and pig embryos. RLIM is a Xist expression activator, whereas REX1 is an Xist transcription inhibitor, as RLIM triggers Xist expression by mediating the proteasomal degradation of REX1 to induce imprinted and random X chromosome inactivation in mice. This study aimed to test whether the knockdown of RLIM and overexpression of REX1 can repress aberrant Xist expression and improve the developmental ability of cloned male pig embryos. Results showed that injection of anti‐RLIM small interfering RNA significantly decreased Xist messenger RNA abundance, increased REX1 protein level, and enhanced the preimplantation development of cloned male porcine embryos. These positive effects were not observed in cloned male pig embryos injected with REX1 expression plasmid, which might be due to the low expression efficiency of injected REX1 plasmid and/or the short half‐life of expressed REX1 protein. The findings from this study indicated that RLIM participated in the ectopic activation of Xist expression in cloned pig embryos by targeting REX1 degradation. Furthermore, this study provided a new method to improve cloned pig embryo development by the inhibition of Xist expression via RNAi of RLIM.
An improved smoothed molecular dynamics method with high‐order shape function
Authors: Wang Shuai , Zhao LeiYang , Liu Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs an efficient molecular simulation method, the smoothed molecular dynamics (SMD) method introduces background mesh and mapping process into molecular dynamics (MD) procedure to suppress high‐frequency modes, so that a much larger time step than that of MD can be adopted. SMD method can achieve a nice overall accuracy, but local atomic disorders cannot be described very well with original SMD method for smoothing out high‐frequency motions. An improved SMD method with two kinds of high‐order shape functions is proposed. A parameter indicating the smoothing degree in SMD method is also presented to assess the mapping process. The efficiency and the accuracy of the improved method are discussed in detail, and the proposed method is validated with several examples. The results demonstrate obvious improvement in accuracy, and more high‐frequency atomic motions can be captured. When the high‐order SMD method is coupled with the MD method, the non‐physical phonon reflection, which may occur at the interface in the coupling of MD and original SMD method, will decrease remarkably even if no transition scheme is employed.
Numerical solution of nonlinear fractional optimal control problems using generalized Bernoulli polynomials
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Tenreiro Machado José António , Hosseini Asl Mohammad Kazem , Dahaghin Mohammad Shafi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article introduces a new class of basis functions, namely, the generalized Bernoulli polynomials (GBP). The GBP are adopted for solving nonlinear fractional optimal control problems (NFOCP) generated by nonlinear fractional dynamical systems (NFDS) and boundary conditions (BC). The corresponding operational matrices (OM) of fractional derivatives (FD) expand the solution of the problem in terms of the GBP. The method transforms the NFOCP into systems of nonlinear algebraic equations. First, the state and control variables are approximated by the GBP with unknown coefficients and parameters and substituted in the objective function, NFDS and BC. Then, the Gaussian quadrature rule and the OM of FD allow the formulation of a constrained problem, which is solved using Lagrange multipliers. The accuracy of the method is tested by means of several examples and the results confirm its good performance.
Tapping birdwatchers to promote bird‐friendly coffee consumption and conserve birds
Authors: Williams Alicia , Dayer Ashley A. , Hernandez‐Aguilera J. Nicolas , Phillips Tina B. , Faulkner‐Grant Holly , Gómez Miguel I. , Rodewald Amanda D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Though coffee was traditionally grown as an understory crop beneath mature trees (i.e. ‘shade‐grown’ coffee), most farms have been converted to full‐sun monocultures over time, which fail to support ecosystem services or biodiversity. The conversion from shade‐ to sun‐grown coffee has prompted the development of environmentally focused certifications, such as Smithsonian Bird Friendly® coffee, as one market‐based strategy to incentivize sustainable production of coffee.

Birdwatchers, of which there are 45 million in the US alone, are among the primary targets for coffee certifications—partly due to their high propensity to participate in and pay for conservation activities that benefit birds. Yet birdwatchers still represent a small market share of certifications, and their purchasing preferences relatively unknown. In 2016, we administered an online survey to 912 donors and/or members of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology who self‐identified as coffee drinkers and ‘birdwatchers’ to assess their familiarity with, receptivity to purchase, and perceived constraints on purchasing certified coffee.

Nearly half (49%) of respondents reported considering bird habitat when purchasing coffee. However, only 38% of respondents were familiar with the Smithsonian Bird Friendly® certification and only 9% reported purchasing it. Consumers who were older, female, and more skilled at birdwatching were more likely to consider birds when purchasing coffee, whereas those with higher levels of education were less likely. The highest rated constraints on buying bird‐friendly coffee were lack of awareness, cost, and lack of availability.

Because most birdwatchers considered both social and environmental impacts when purchasing coffee, they may be a promising market segment for many coffee certifications. Indeed, about half of the birdwatchers purchased organic (50%) and Fair Trade® (52%) certifications.

Our results suggest that uptake of bird‐friendly coffee may be strengthened by better communicating the impact of coffee production on bird habitat, the unique attributes of bird‐friendly coffee (including the high‐quality taste), differences among certification standards and credibility, and easy ways to find and purchase bird‐friendly coffee.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The role of imaging in characterizing the cardiac natural history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lee Simon , Lee Marc , Hor Kan N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare but devastating disease resulting in progressive loss of ambulation, respiratory failure, DMD‐associated cardiomyopathy (DMD‐CM), and premature death. The use of corticosteroids and supportive respiratory care has improved outcomes, such that DMD‐CM is now the leading cause of death. Historically, most programs have focused on skeletal myopathy with less attention to the cardiac phenotype. This omission is rather astonishing since patients with DMD possess an absolute genetic risk of developing cardiomyopathy. Unfortunately, heart failure signs and symptoms are vague due to skeletal muscle myopathy leading to limited ambulation. Traditional assessment of cardiac symptoms by the New York Heart Association American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Staging (ACC/AHA) classification is of limited utility, even in advanced stages. Echocardiographic assessment can detect cardiac dysfunction late in the disease course, but this has proven to be a poor surrogate marker of early cardiovascular disease and an inadequate predictor of DMD‐CM. Indeed, one explanation for the paucity of cardiac therapeutic trials for DMD‐CM has been the lack of a suitable end‐point. Improved outcomes require a better proactive treatment strategy; however, the barrier to treatment is the lack of a sensitive and specific tool to assess the efficacy of treatment. The use of cardiac imaging has evolved from echocardiography to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to assess cardiac performance. The purpose of this article is to review the role of cardiac imaging in characterizing the cardiac natural history of DMD‐CM, highlighting the prognostic implications and an outlook on how this field might evolve in the future.
Migrating production monolithic systems to microservices using aspect oriented programming
Authors: Freire Augusto Flávio A. A. , Sampaio Américo Falcone , Carvalho Luis Heustakio L. , Medeiros Otávio , Mendonça Nabor C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeveral organizations need to address the challenge to migrate current traditional monolithic applications in production to microservices, preferably, without having to schedule maintenances to take the application offline. This article presents an approach for migrating to microservices with almost zero downtime and minimal changes in the monolithic code. The approach is based on the concepts of aspect‐oriented programming (AOP) and reflection to enable to intercept calls inside the monolith and transform them into service requests invoking the newly built microservices using the concept of around advices. The aspects do the “dirty work” of decoupling what will be refactored and which service to call and practically “zero” code changes need to be done in the original monolithic code. This enables one key novel contribution of our migration approach which is the ability to revert code and data changes without having to take the system offline. Two applications are used as proofs of concept to demonstrate that the proposed approach enables to go “forward” or “backward” among different versions of the application with minimal code or data changes. An evaluation performed in the cloud demonstrates that this work does not introduce significant performance or cost overhead when compared to the current state of the art and to the original monolith.
Cell Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia: Advantages, Limitations, and New Perspectives for Treatment of Patients with Critical Diabetic Vasculopathy
Authors: Gu Y. , Rampin A. , Alvino V. V. , Spinetti G. , Madeddu P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide a highlight of the current state of cell therapy for the treatment of critical limb ischemia in patients with diabetes.

Recent Findings
The global incidence of diabetes is constantly growing with consequent challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. In the UK only, NHS costs attributed to diabetic complications, such as peripheral vascular disease, amputation, blindness, renal failure, and stroke, average £10 billion each year, with cost pressure being estimated to get worse. Although giant leaps forward have been registered in the scope of early diagnosis and optimal glycaemic control, an effective treatment for critical limb ischemia is still lacking. The present review aims to provide an update of the ongoing work in the field of regenerative medicine. Recent advancements but also limitations imposed by diabetes on the potential of the approach are addressed. In particular, the review focuses on the perturbation of non-coding RNA networks in progenitor cells and the possibility of using emerging knowledge on molecular mechanisms to design refined protocols for personalized therapy.

Summary
The field of cell therapy showed rapid progress but has limitations. Significant advances are foreseen in the upcoming years thanks to a better understanding of molecular bottlenecks associated with the metabolic disorders.
Seize the day: opportunities and costs in the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Bezemer Dirk J. 
Published: March 2021

Non-technical summary
The thesis of this paper is that the COVID-19 crisis creates opportunities for fundamental change towards a more sustainable economy, for two reasons: structural change in the economy and a change in public opinion. The paper identifies how the COVID-19 crisis accelerates six processes of change that can be leveraged in policy making. With a focus on the Netherlands, it argues for activist government policy because of the tipping-point nature of the economic system in the crisis.

Technical summary
Structural change in the economy and a change in public opinion during the COVID-19 crisis jointly imply that government choices regarding investments, regulation and taxes can now create stronger synergies of cleaner economic growth and employment creation with ecological, social and financial sustainability. The paper details this for six areas, with examples taken from The Netherlands. High levels of private and (in some countries) public debt may become so unsustainable that this prompts a restructuring of financing systems which are more productive and more in support of ecological goals. In value chains, ICT systems and urban transport systems, forced changes such as more work from home, more cycling lanes and more local production may, once in place, be used as proof of concepts for permanently different infrastructures and organizations. Aviation and energy became dependent on public support, which created financial leverage for enforcing change.

Social media summary
COVID-19 creates opportunities for change towards sustainability as it accelerates six processes of change.
Dactinomycin induces complete remission associated with nucleolar stress response in relapsed/refractory NPM1-mutated AML
Authors: Gionfriddo Ilaria , Brunetti Lorenzo , Mezzasoma Federica , Milano Francesca , Cardinali Valeria , Ranieri Roberta , Venanzi Alessandra , Pierangeli Sara , Vetro Calogero , Spinozzi Giulio , Dorillo Erica , Wu Hsin Chieh , Berthier Caroline , Ciurnelli Raffaella , Griffin Melanie J. , Jennings Claire E. , Tiacci Enrico , Sportoletti Paolo , Falzetti Franca , de Thé Hugues , Veal Gareth J. , Martelli Maria Paola , Falini Brunangelo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutated NPM1 accounts for one-third of newly diagnosed AML. Despite recent advances, treatment of relapsed/refractory NPM1-mutated AML remains challenging, with the majority of patients eventually dying due to disease progression. Moreover, the prognosis is particularly poor in elderly and unfit patients, mainly because they cannot receive intensive treatment. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are needed. Dactinomycin is a low-cost chemotherapeutic agent, which has been anecdotally reported to induce remission in NPM1-mutated patients, although its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we describe the results of a single-center phase 2 pilot study investigating the safety and efficacy of single-agent dactinomycin in relapsed/refractory NPM1-mutated adult AML patients, demonstrating that this drug can induce complete responses and is relatively well tolerated. We also provide evidence that the activity of dactinomycin associates with nucleolar stress both in vitro and in vivo in patients. Finally, we show that low-dose dactinomycin generates more efficient stress response in cells expressing NPM1 mutant compared to wild-type cells, suggesting that NPM1-mutated AML may be more sensitive to nucleolar stress. In conclusion, we establish that dactinomycin is a potential therapeutic alternative in relapsed/refractory NPM1-mutated AML that deserves further investigation in larger clinical studies.
Altered metabolic and inflammatory transcriptomics after cardiac surgery in neonates with congenital heart disease
Authors: Jain Parag N. , Robertson Matthew , Lasa Javier J. , Shekerdemian Lara , Guffey Danielle , Zhang Yuhao , Lingappan Krithika , Checchia Paul , Coarfa Cristian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study examines the whole blood transcriptome profile before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), a severe form of congenital heart disease, that can develop low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). Whole blood mRNA transcriptome profiles of 13 neonates with HLHS before and after their first palliative surgery were analyzed to determine differentially expressed genes and pathways. The median age and weight at surgery were 4 days and 3.2 kg, respectively. Of the 13 patients, 8 developed LCOS. There was no significant difference between CPB, aortic cross clamp, deep hypothermic cardiac arrest times between patients that develop LCOS and those that do not. Upon comparing differential gene expression profiles between patients that develop LCOS and those that do not in pre-operative samples, 1 gene was up-regulated and 13 were down regulated. In the post-operative samples, 4 genes were up-regulated, and 4 genes were down regulated when patients that develop LCOS were compared to those that do not. When comparing post-operative samples to pre-operative samples in the patients that do not develop LCOS, 1484 genes were up-regulated, and 1388 genes were down regulated; while patients that developed LCOS had 2423 up-regulated genes, and 2414 down regulated genes for the same pre to post-operative comparison. Pathway analysis revealed differential regulation of inflammatory pathways (IL signaling, PDGF, NOTCH1, NGF, GPCR) and metabolic pathways (heme metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, protein metabolism including amino acid and derivatives, fatty acid metabolism, TCA cycle and respiratory electron transport chain). By identifying altered transcriptome profiles related to inflammation and metabolism in neonates with HLHS who develop LCOS after CPB, this study opens for exploration novel pathways and potential therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in this high-risk population.