bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect Associations Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Other Psychiatric Symptoms, Alcohol Use, and Well‐being via Psychological Flexibility Among Police Officers
Authors: Baker Lucas D. , Stroman Joel C. , Kalantar Emily A. , Bock Rachel C. , Berghoff Christopher R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolice officers experience a high number of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) often associated with elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). In addition, PTSS are related to co‐occurring psychiatric symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression), alcohol misuse, and low perceived well‐being. Yet, behavioral processes that may account for the associations between PTSS and unfavorable outcomes remain unspecified. Psychological flexibility, or one's response to private experiences (e.g., PTE‐related memories) with an open, aware, and active approach, may be one such process. The present study aimed to evaluate psychological flexibility as both a mediator and moderator of PTSS and commonly co‐occurring psychiatric symptoms, alcohol use, and general well‐being, using cross‐sectional data provided by a sample of police officers (N= 459) recruited from three regionally distributed U.S. police agencies. Structural equation modeling indicated a well‐fitting model wherein psychological flexibility indirectly accounted for associations among PTSS and endogenous outcomes, χ2(107,N= 457) = 225.33,p< .001, CFI = .99, TLI = .98, RMSEA = .05, 90% CI [.04, .06], SRMR = .03. Psychological flexibility also moderated associations between PTSS and psychiatric symptoms,B= 1.58 (SE= 0.22),p< .001; and well‐being,B= −3.84 (SE= 0.46),p< .001. Although additional research is needed, these preliminary results suggest psychological flexibility may be a behavioral process that accounts for negative outcomes associated with PTSS and a productive intervention target in the context of PTSS and generalized distress. Further research regarding the role of psychological flexibility in PTSS‐related outcomes for police officers appears warranted.
Polyethyleneimine‐Mediated Polyamide Composite Membrane with High Perm‐Selectivity for Forward Osmosis
Authors: Chen Yiqiang , Song Xiangju , Zhang Na , Zhang Xiaoqian , Su Ge , Huang Minghua , Jiang Heqing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThin‐film composite (TFC) membranes comprised of a polyamide (PA) selective layer upon a porous substrate dominate the forward osmosis (FO) membrane market. However, further improvement of perm‐selectivity still remains a great challenge. Herein, a polyethyleneimine (PEI) interlayer is intentionally designed prior to interfacial polymerization (IP) to tailor the PA layer, which thus improves the separation performance. The PEI interlayer not only improves the substrate hydrophilicity for adsorbing more diamine monomer and controlling its release rate, but also participates in IP reaction by crosslinking with acyl chloride (TMC). Furthermore, it can decrease the electronegativity of the substrate for decreasing reverse salt diffusion. Consequently, a denser, thinner and smoother PA layer is formed due to the uniform distribution, controllable release of diamine monomer and the extra crosslinking between PEI and TMC. Furthermore, the PA layer becomes more hydrophilic with PEI involvement. As a result, the asprepared TFC membrane exhibits a favorable water flux of 16.1 L m−2 h−1 and an extremely low reverse salt flux (1.25 g m−2 h−1). Meanwhile, it achieves an excellent perm‐selectivity with a ratio of water to salt permeability coefficient of 8.25 bar−1. Moreover, it exhibits an outstanding antifouling capacity. The work sheds light on fabricating high perm‐selective membranes for desalination.
Neuroticism and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Terracciano Antonio , Aschwanden Damaris , Stephan Yannick , Cerasa Antonio , Passamonti Luca , Toschi Nicola , Sutin Angelina R. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeuroticism is linked to mood disorders and Alzheimer's disease, but fewer studies have tested the prospective association with Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectivesTo examine the association between neuroticism and risk of PD in a large cohort and a meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies.MethodsParticipants from the UK Biobank (N = 490,755) completed a neuroticism scale in 2006–2010. Incident PD was ascertained using electronic health records or death records up to 2018. The systematic search and meta‐analysis followed the MOOSE guidelines.ResultsDuring 11.91 years of follow‐up (mean = 8.88 years; 4,360,105 person‐years) 1142 incident PD cases were identified. Neuroticism was associated with higher risk of incident PD, both as continuous (HR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.21–1.36) and categorical variable (top vs. bottom quartiles: HR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.60–2.22). The association remained significant after accounting for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, anxiety, and depressed mood, and after excluding cases that occurred within the first 5 years of follow‐up. The associations were similar for women and men and across levels of socioeconomic status. Random‐effect meta‐analysis of four prospective studies (N = 548,284) found neuroticism associated with increased risk of incident PD (HR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.59–2.08; P = 7.31−19). There was no evidence of heterogeneity across studies with follow‐ups ranging from one to four decades.ConclusionThe results from the large UK Biobank and meta‐analysis of prospective studies indicate that neuroticism is consistently associated with a higher risk of incident PD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Lateralized Effect of Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Location on Verbal Abstraction
Authors: Wang Dengyu , Jorge Ahmed , Lipski Witold J. , Kratter Ian H. , Henry Luke C. , Richardson R. Mark 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundRegionalized thalamic activity has been implicated in language function, and yet the effect of thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) on language‐related clinical outcomes is underexplored.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine if the location of stimulation within the thalamus correlates with changes in language‐related neuropsychological outcomes following DBS for essential tremor.MethodsThirty patients with essential tremor underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations before and after DBS surgery targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus. Changes in neuropsychological functions were evaluated. The relationships between language‐related outcomes and stimulation location were assessed using both categorical and linear methods. Any significant results were further validated using linear discriminant analysis.ResultsMost neuropsychological functions remained unchanged at the group level. However, outcome on a measure of verbal abstraction was significantly dependent on stimulation location along the anterior–posterior axis within the left ventral lateral thalamus, with anterior stimulation associated with reduced verbal abstraction performance. This result was supported by linear discriminant analysis, which showed that stimulation locations with improved and reduced verbal abstraction function were best separated by a vector nearly parallel to the anterior–posterior axis. No stimulation location dependence was found for verbal abstraction outcome in the right thalamus or for outcomes of other language functions in either hemisphere.ConclusionWe demonstrate an effect of thalamic DBS on verbal abstraction as a function of left thalamic topography. This finding provides clinical evidence for the lateralization and regionalization of thalamic language function that may be relevant for understanding nonmotor effects of stimulation. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A glimpse of the genetics of young‐onset Parkinson’s disease in Central Asia
Authors: Kaiyrzhanov Rauan , Aitkulova Akbota , Vandrovcova Jana , Murphy David , Zharkinbekova Nazira , Shashkin Chingiz , Akhmetzhanov Vadim , Kaishibayeva Gulnaz , Karimova Altynay , Myrzayev Zhanybek , Murray Malgorzata , Khaibullin Talgat , Hardy John , Houlden Henry 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundKnowledge of the genetic background of many human diseases is currently lacking from genetically undiscovered regions, including Central Asia. Kazakhstan is the first Central Asian country where the genetic studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been emerging since it had become a member of the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium. Here we report on the results of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in 50 young‐onset PD (YOPD) cases from Kazakhstan.MethodologyWES was performed on 50 unrelated individuals with YOPD from Kazakhstan. Exome data were screened for novel/ultra‐rare deleterious variants in known and candidate PD genes. Copy number variants and small indels were also called.ResultsOnly three cases (6%) were found to be positive for known PD genes including two unrelated familial PD cases with LRRK2 p.(Arg1441Cys) and one case with a homozygous pathogenic PRKN p.(Arg84Trp) variant. Four cases had novel and ultra‐rare variants of uncertain significance in LRRK2, DNAJC13, and VPS35. Novel deleterious variants were found in candidate Mendelian PD genes including CSMD1, TNR, EIF4G1, and ATP13A3. Eight cases harbored the East Asian‐specific LRRK2 p.(Ala419Val) variant.ConclusionsThe low diagnostic yield in our study might imply that a significant proportion of YOPD cases in Central Asia remains unresolved. Therefore, a better understanding of the genetic architecture of PD among populations of Central Asian ancestry and the pathogenicity of numerous rare variants should be further investigated. WES is a valuable technique for large‐scale YOPD genetic studies in Central Asia.
High‐dimensional fast convolutional framework (HICU) for calibrationless MRI
Authors: Zhao Shen , Potter Lee C. , Ahmad Rizwan 
Published: April 2021

PurposeTo present a computational procedure for accelerated, calibrationless magnetic resonance image (Cl‐MRI) reconstruction that is fast, memory efficient, and scales to high‐dimensional imaging.Theory and MethodsCl‐MRI methods can enable high acceleration rates and flexible sampling patterns, but their clinical application is limited by computational complexity and large memory footprint. The proposed computational procedure, HIgh‐dimensional fast convolutional framework (HICU), provides fast, memory‐efficient recovery of unsampled k‐space points. For demonstration, HICU is applied to 6 2D T2‐weighted brain, 7 2D cardiac cine, 5 3D knee, and 1 multi‐shot diffusion weighted imaging (MSDWI) datasets.ResultsThe 2D imaging results show that HICU can offer 1‐2 orders of magnitude computation speedup compared to other Cl‐MRI methods without sacrificing imaging quality. The 2D cine and 3D imaging results show that the computational acceleration techniques included in HICU yield computing time on par with SENSE‐based compressed sensing methods with up to 3 dB improvement in signal‐to‐error ratio and better perceptual quality. The MSDWI results demonstrate the feasibility of HICU for a challenging multi‐shot echo‐planar imaging application.ConclusionsThe presented method, HICU, offers efficient computation and scalability as well as extendibility to a wide variety of MRI applications.
MRIReco.jl: An MRI reconstruction framework written in Julia
Authors: Knopp Tobias , Grosser Mirco 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe aim of this work is to develop a high‐performance, flexible, and easy‐to‐use MRI reconstruction framework using the scientific programming language Julia.MethodsJulia is a modern, general purpose programming language with strong features in the area of signal/image processing and numerical computing. It has a high‐level syntax but still generates efficient machine code that is usually as fast as comparable C/C++ applications. In addition to the language features itself, Julia has a sophisticated package management system that makes proper modularization of functionality across different packages feasible. Our developed MRI reconstruction framework MRIReco.jl can therefore reuse existing functionality from other Julia packages and concentrate on the MRI‐related parts. This includes common imaging operators and support for MRI raw data formats.ResultsMRIReco.jl is a simple to use framework with a high degree of accessibility. While providing a simple‐to‐use interface, many of its components can easily be extended and customized. The performance of MRIReco.jl is compared to the Berkeley Advanced Reconstruction Toolbox (BART) and we show that the Julia framework achieves comparable reconstruction speed as the popular C/C++ library.ConclusionsModern programming languages can bridge the gap between high performance and accessible implementations. MRIReco.jl leverages this fact and contributes a promising environment for future algorithmic development in MRI reconstruction.
A dissipation‐based path‐following technique for the phase‐field approach to brittle and ductile fracture
Authors: Wambacq Jef , Ulloa Jacinto , Lombaert Geert , François Stijn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article presents a dissipation‐based path‐following technique for the phase‐field approach to brittle and ductile fracture. This technique allows computing the post‐peak response of solids loaded by external forces and snap‐backs in the softening stage. By controlling the dissipated energy during loading, the solid is prevented from unloading elastically, and an equilibrium branch with a continuous increase of dissipated energy is followed. Because solids can dissipate in both tension and compression, a discontinuous equilibrium path can be obtained. To avoid this occurrence, two novel techniques are presented, which ensure a continuous equilibrium path for which the solid is either in tension or compression. In addition, the thermodynamic constraints present in the phase‐field model are rigorously solved using an interior‐point method. In order to allow for simultaneous dissipation due to both plastic and damage mechanisms, the governing equations are solved monolithically. The presented method is tested on four benchmark problems, and it is observed that by tracing snap‐backs, time‐discontinuous evolutions are avoided, which restores energy balance and enhances the convergence of the monolithic scheme.
IDO1‐mediated Trp‐kynurenine‐AhR signal activation induces stemness and tumor dormancy in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Anzai Hiromasa , Yoshimoto Shohei , Okamura Kazuhiko , Hiraki Akimitsu , Hashimoto Shuichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe non‐proliferative residual tumor cells in cancer therapeutics are considered tumor‐repopulating cells (TRCs) and a major issue for tumor recurrences and distant metastases. TRCs are stem cell‐like cancer cells repopulating tumors and associating with immune‐mediated tumor dormancy. Cell cycle arrest is also coupled to a tumor‐initiating or pluripotent capacity. INF‐γ, a cytokine with an anti‐tumor effect, also acts as an inhibitory effect on the cancer immune response via the induction of PD‐L1 on the surface of cancer cells. The anti‐tumor immune response may shift TRCs from proliferation to dormancy by a specific mechanism. Indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a metabolic enzyme to produce kynurenine (KYN) from tryptophan (Trp) and is expressed in cancer cells and dendritic cells in the immune system. IDO1 plays an important role for cancer cells to evade the attack from the activated CTLs. Recently, the signaling from the interaction between KYN and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a dioxin receptor, has been reported to induce cancer cell dormancy. However, it is currently unclear what is the immune mechanism for the entry of tumor into dormancy and how stemness is coupled to the tumor cell arrest. In this study, we revealed that IDO1 induced by IFN‐γ activated Trp‐KYN‐AhR signaling and induced stemness in OSCC cells contributing to the entry of tumor into dormancy. In this mechanism, it was suggested that STAT1 was a key regulator between tumor differentiation and tumor dormancy. The regulation of IDO1‐mediated Trp‐KYN‐AhR signal activation could provide a new strategy for the cancer treatment.
Effects of flame retardants integrated with citrate and ammonium polyphosphate on thermal stability and flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer
Authors: Chen Xilei , Wang Ke , Li Shaoxiang , Jiao Chuanmei 
Published: April 2021

Three citrates, which incorporate cobalt citrate (CoC), copper citrate (CuC), and yttrium citrate (YC), were combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a flame retardant to improve the flame retardancy and thermal stability of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The cone calorimeter test (CCT) results demonstrated that the PHRR (peak heat release rate) values of TPU‐2, TPU‐3, and TPU‐4 were decreased from 271.4 kW/m2 for TPU‐1 to 188.0, 256.9, and 219.0 kW/m2, respectively. Besides, compared with TPU‐1, the release of CO and CO2 of TPU composites that containing citrate were decreased. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value for TPU‐1 (containing 8.0 wt% APP) was 26.5% while that of TPU‐4 was increased to 27.5% and reached to V‐0 rating on the vertical burning test. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) indicated that containing both APP and citrate accelerated the degradation of TPU composites but increased the char residue. In detail, the char residue of TPU‐0 was 6.3 wt% at 685°C, while that of TPU‐3 was reached to 45.2 wt% at N2 atmosphere. Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) showed that the degree of graphitization of TPU composites had been increased after adding the citrates. X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) illustrated that citrate and APP exerted barriers effect in the condensed phase. This work provided a new way of flame retardant that integrated with citrate and APP for TPU composites.
Advances in radiotherapy technology for pediatric cancer patients and roles of medical physicists: COG and SIOP Europe perspectives
Authors: Hua Chia‐ho , Mascia Anthony E. , Seravalli Enrica , Lomax Antony J. , Seiersen Klaus , Ulin Kenneth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOver the last two decades, rapid technological advances have dramatically changed radiation delivery to children with cancer, enabling improved normal‐tissue sparing. This article describes recent advances in photon and proton therapy technologies, image‐guided patient positioning, motion management, and adaptive therapy that are relevant to pediatric cancer patients. For medical physicists who are at the forefront of realizing the promise of technology, challenges remain with respect to ensuring patient safety as new technologies are implemented with increasing treatment complexity. The contributions of medical physicists to meeting these challenges in daily practice, in the conduct of clinical trials, and in pediatric oncology cooperative groups are highlighted. Representing the perspective of the physics committees of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) and the European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOP Europe), this paper provides recommendations regarding the safe delivery of pediatric radiotherapy. Emerging innovations are highlighted to encourage pediatric applications with a view to maximizing the therapeutic ratio.
Pediatric classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Lo Andrea C. , Dieckmann Karin , Pelz Tanja , Gallop‐Evans Eve , Engenhart‐Cabillic Rita , Vordermark Dirk , Kelly Kara M. , Schwartz Cindy L. , Constine Louis S. , Roberts Kenneth , Hodgson David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOver the past century, classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has been transformed from a uniformly fatal disease to one of the most curable cancers. Given the high cure rate, a major focus of classical HL management is reducing the use of radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy agents such as procarbazine and doxorubicin to minimize long‐term toxicities. In both North America and Europe, an important philosophy in the management of classical HL is to guide the intensity of treatment according to the risk category of the disease. The main factors used for risk classification are tumor stage, bulk of disease, and the presence of B symptoms. Response to chemotherapy is an important factor guiding the utilization of RT in ongoing Children's Oncology Group (COG) and European Network Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma (EuroNet‐PHL) trials. Both trial groups have transitioned to reduced RT volumes that target the highest risk sites using highly conformal techniques, along with standard or intensified chemotherapy regimens to improve outcomes in higher risk patients. However, given the potential acute toxicities of intensified chemotherapy, immunoregulatory drugs are being investigated in upcoming trials. The purpose of this review is to summarize current approaches to treating pediatric classical HL according to the COG and EuroNet‐PHL.
Semi‐structured interview for personality functioning DSM‐5 (STiP‐5.1): Psychometric evaluation of the Czech version
Authors: Heissler Radek , Doubková Nikola , Hutsebaut Joost , Preiss Marek 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe DSM‐5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders introduced a dimensional perspective on personality disorders and their assessment by measuring personality functioning in the following domains: Identity, Self‐Direction, Empathy, and Intimacy. This study provides a replication of the psychometric evaluation of the Semi‐Structured Interview for Personality Functioning DSM‐5 (STiP‐5.1) within a mixed clinical sample and a community sample. The sample consisted of 188 adults: 86 participants from the general population and 102 people from a mixed clinical sample. All participants completed the STiP‐5.1 and Level of Personality Functioning Scale–Brief Form (LPFS‐BF 2.0). Results showed good internal consistency (McDonald's ω = 0.89–0.94) and promising convergent validity (correlations with LPFS‐BF 2.0 above 0.6) of the STiP‐5.1. Its scores differentiated participants within the community sample from those in the mixed clinical sample with large effect sizes (rrb = 0.77–0.88). Moreover, the impairment in personality functioning was more pronounced in people with personality disorders than in other psychiatric disorders (medium effect size, rrb = 0.46–0.57), supporting the notion of a continuum of personality functioning impairment. The STiP‐5.1 therefore offers an instrument with satisfactory psychometric properties for the assessment of personality functioning both for research and clinical practice.