bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting water quality parameters using artificial neural network for irrigation purposes
Authors: Ubah J. I. , Orakwe L. C. , Ogbu K. N. , Awu J. I. , Ahaneku I. E. , Chukwuma E. C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study was aimed at analyzing the water quality of Ele River Nnewi, Anambra State for irrigation purposes with a view to predicting a one-year water quality index using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Water pollution has posed a major problem and identifying the points of pollution in the River system is a very difficult task. To overcome this task, the need to determine the pollution level arose by modeling and predicting four water quality parameters at four (4) different locations using the Artificial Neural Network. These parameters include the pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Sodium (Na), respectively. The water quality results showed that the pH values which ranges from 6.01 to 6.87 were within the FAO standard in all the points for both rainy and dry seasons, whereas the TDS (mg/l), EC (dS/m) and Na (mg/l) parametric values range from 2001 to 2506, 3.01 to 5.76, and 40.42 to 73.45 respectively, were above the FAO standard from point 1 to point 3 and falls within the FAO standard at point 4 with values ranging from 1003 to 1994, 2.01 to 2.78 and 31.24 to 39.44, respectively. However, during the dry season, the TDS, EC, and Na values range from 2002 to 2742, 3.04 to 5.82 and 40.14 to 88.45 respectively, were all above the FAO standard. Generally, the artificial neural network modeled the actual water quality data set very well with good prediction. The training model performance evaluation shows that the R2 values ranges from 0.981 to 0.990, 0.981 to 0.988, 0.981 to 0.989 and 0981 to 0.989, for pH, TDS, EC, and Na. The testing model performance shows that the R2 value ranges from 0.952 to 0.967, 0.953 to 0.970, 0.951 to 0.967and 0.953 to 0.968, for pH, TDS, EC and Na while the forecast performance evaluation shows that the R2 values ranges from 0.945 to 0.968, 0.946 to 0.968, 0.944 to 0.967 and 0.949 to 0.965 for pH, TDS, EC and Na respectively. It was also observed that the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) ranges from 0.022 to 0.088, 0.012 to 0.087, 0.015 to 0.085 and 0.014 to 0.084 for pH, TDS, EC and Na, respectively. Information from this study will serve as a guide to researchers on the water quality index for irrigation purposes. Also, it will guide the government and agencies on policy, management and decision-making on water resources.
para-Aminobenzoic acid-capped hematite as an efficient nanocatalyst for solvent-free CO2 fixation under atmospheric pressure
Authors: Tudu Gouri , Paliwal Khushboo S. , Ghosh Sourav , Biswas Tanmoy , Koppisetti Heramba V. S. R. M. , Mitra Antarip , Mahalingam Venkataramanan 
Published: December 2021

Efficient fixation of CO2 into epoxide to form cyclic carbonate is achieved utilizing para-aminobenzoic acid-capped hematite nanocatalyst.
New H∞ observer‐based control for delayed LPV stochastic system
Authors: Chang Wen‐Jer , Ku Cheung‐Chieh , Chen Guan‐Wen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn H∞ observer‐based control problem of delayed Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) stochastic system is addressed in this paper. In the LPV stochastic system, stochastic behaviors and external disturbance in real environment are respectively described by stochastic difference function. Furthermore, the delay effects on state and control input are considered as time‐varying case for wide application. For the control problem, a lemma dealing with the delay terms is proposed to increase some slack variables. Based on the proposed lemma and the chosen Lyapunov‐Krasovskii function, some sufficient conditions are derived to relax the conservatism of stability criterion. Besides, disturbance effect on state and estimation error is constrained via H∞ performance for improving transient response. Through using the extended projection lemma, the derived conditions are formulated as strict Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) problem. To avoid the potential oscillation, another lemma is proposed to separately assign the performance level during solving the conditions. All feasible solutions can be directly obtained by convex optimization algorithm without using extra calculation. Therefore, an observer‐based controller is established to guarantee the asymptotical stability and H∞ performance in the mean square. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.
Electromagnetic thermal coupling analysis for a novel cooling system of an axial flux hub motor
Authors: Chang Jiujian , Wang Chen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel cooling system of the yokeless and segmented armature axial flux machine (YASA) applied in‐wheel traction is presented. Although the cooling system has high cooling efficiency, it will deteriorate the electromagnetic characteristics of the motor. The eddy current analysis for the prototype is performed based on the 3‐D finite‐element method, and the distribution of eddy current in the cooling fins is presented. Through the 2‐D finite element analysis, the cause of the eddy current loss of the fin is revealed. In order to increase the output power of the motor, the height of the fin in the axial direction is optimised by the magneto‐thermal coupling method. And finally, the hub motor is manufactured and tested. It can be concluded that the measured data matched well with the analysis results.
Energy storage capacity allocation for distribution grid applications considering the influence of ambient temperature
Authors: Wu Yuhan , Xu Tao , Meng He , Wei Wei , Cai Shuqi , Guo Lingxu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModern distribution networks have an urgent need to increase the accommodation level of renewable energies facilitated by configuring battery energy storage systems (BESSs). In view of the contradictions of BESS capacity, cost, life, and operation environment, an optimal capacity allocation algorithm of BESS in modern distribution networks considering the ambient temperature has been proposed from the perspective of the life cycle cost‐benefit optimisation. First, a refined BESS model under the influence of the ambient temperature has been established to accurately track life degradation and charging‐discharging efficiencies. Subsequently, an electric vehicle (EV) charging load forecasting model that considers the influence of travel characteristics, traffic congestion and environmental factors has been established. Finally, a bi‐level BESS optimisation algorithm has been proposed to maximise the system benefits on the EV charging station side and the grid side, and the marginal ageing cost has been considered while optimising the charging and discharging strategies of BESS, to achieve the best cost‐benefit of BESS throughout the life cycle. The simulation results verify the effectiveness and economy of the proposed configuration schemes and operation strategies under different seasons.
Numerical evaluation of time-distance helioseismic sensitivity kernels in spherical geometry
Authors: Bhattacharya Jishnu 
Published: December 2021

Context. Helioseismic analysis of large-scale flows and structural inhomogeneities in the Sun requires the computation of sensitivity kernels that account for the spherical geometry of the Sun, as well as systematic effects such as line-of-sight projection.
Aims. I aim to develop a code to evaluate helioseismic sensitivity kernels for flows using line-of-sight projected measurements.
Methods. I decomposed the velocity field in a basis of vector spherical harmonics and computed the kernel components corresponding to the coefficients of velocity in this basis. The kernels thus computed are radial functions that set up a 1.5D inverse problem to infer the flow from surface measurements. I demonstrate that using the angular momentum addition formalism lets us express the angular dependence of the kernels as bipolar spherical harmonics, which may be evaluated accurately and efficiently.
Results. Kernels for line-of-sight projected measurements may differ significantly from those that don’t account for projection. Including projection in our analysis does not increase the computational time significantly. We demonstrate that it is possible to evaluate kernels for pairs of points that are related through a rotation by linearly transforming the terms that enter the expression of the kernel, and that this result holds even for line-of-sight projected kernels.
Conclusions. I developed a Julia code that may be used to evaluate sensitivity kernels for seismic wave travel times computed using line-of-sight projected measurements, which is made freely available under the MIT license.
The multifarious ionization sources and disturbed kinematics of extraplanar gas in five low-mass galaxies
Authors: Rautio R. P. V. , Watkins A. E. , Comerón S. , Salo H. , Díaz-García S. , Janz J. 
Published: December 2021

Aims.We investigate the origin of the extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) and its predominant ionization mechanisms in five nearby (17–46 Mpc) low-mass (109–1010M⊙) edge-on disk galaxies: ESO 157-49, ESO 469-15, ESO 544-27, IC 217, and IC 1553.Methods.We acquired Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral field spectroscopy and deep narrowband Hαimaging of our sample galaxies. To investigate the connection between in-plane star formation and eDIG, we measure the star formation rates (SFRs) and perform a photometric analysis of our narrowband Hαimaging. Using our MUSE data, we investigate the origin of eDIG via kinematics, specifically the rotation velocity lags. We also construct standard diagnostic diagrams and emission-line maps (EW(Hα), [N II]/Hα, [S II]//Hα, [O III]/Hβ) and search for regions consistent with ionization by hot low-mass evolved stars (HOLMES) and shocks.Results.We measure eDIG scale heights ofhzeDIG = 0.59−1.39 kpc and find a positive correlation between them and specific SFRs. In all galaxies, we also find a strong correlation between extraplanar and midplane radial Hαprofiles. These correlations along with diagnostic diagrams suggest that OB stars are the primary driver of eDIG ionization. However, we find regions consistent with mixed OB–HOLMES and OB–shock ionization in all galaxies and conclude that both HOLMES and shocks may locally contribute to the ionization of eDIG to a significant degree. From Hαkinematics, we find rotation velocity lags above the midplane with values between 10 and 27 km s−1kpc−1. While we do find hints of an accretion origin for the ionized gas in ESO 157–49, IC 217, and IC 1553, overall the ionized gas kinematics of our galaxies do not match a steady galaxy model or any simplistic model of accretion or internal origin for the gas.Conclusions.Despite our galaxies’ similar structures and masses, our results support a surprisingly composite image of ionization mechanisms and a multifarious origin for the eDIG. Given this diversity, a complete understanding of eDIG will require larger samples and composite models that take many different ionization and formation mechanisms into account.
Undescribed C-Glycosylflavones from Corn Silk and Potential Anti-inflammatory Activity Evaluation of Isolates
Authors: Sarfare Satish , Khan Shabana I. , Zulfiqar Fazila , Radhakrishnan Srivedavyasasri , Ali Zulfiqar , Khan Ikhlas A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of corn silk resulted in isolation and characterization of four flavone C-glycosides, chrysoeriol
6-C-β-oliopyranosyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3′-methoxycassiaoccidentalin A (2), chrysoeriol
6-C-β-boivinopyranosyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and ax-4″-OH-3′-methoxymaysin (4), a triterpenoid, friedelin (5), two sterols,
(22E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (6) and 6β-hydroxystigmasta-4,22-diene-3-one (7), and a mixture of β-sitosterol and
stigmasterol. Compounds 1 and 2 were previously undescribed. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was attained using spectral data including 1D and 2D NMR and
HRESIMS. Compounds1, 2, 5, and 6 inhibited iNOS activity in LPS-induced macrophages and decreased nitrite levels by 68.64 ± 4.46, 65.67 ± 6.47, 88.50 ± 0.50, and 94.00 ± 4.00%, respectively, at
50 µM. Compound 5 also showed inhibition of NF-κB (51.00 ± 1.50%). Compounds 1 and 2 induced NAG-1 activity in chondrocytes by 1.80 ± 0.05 and 2.00 ± 0.13 fold,
respectively. The extract of corn silk, however, did not exhibit inhibition of iNOS or NF-κB but induced NAG-1 by 1.80 ± 0.51 fold.
Epigenetic Modifications in Myeloma: Focused Review of Current Data and Potential Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Singh Suvir , Jain Kunal , Sharma Rintu , Singh Jagdeep , Paul Davinder 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma is a common hematologic malignancy with an incidence of 1 per 100,000 population and is characterized by a nearly 100% risk of relapse, necessitating treatment with newer therapeutic agents at each instance of progression. However, use of newer agents is often precluded by cost and accessibility in a resource-constrained setting. Description of newer pathways of disease pathogenesis potentially provides opportunities for identification of therapeutic targets and a better understanding of disease biology. Identification of epigenetic changes in myeloma is an emerging premise, with several pathways contributing to pathogenesis and progression of disease. Greater understanding of epigenetic alterations provides opportunities to detect several targetable enzymes or pathways that can be of clinical use.
The Rare Face of an Infrequent Lymphoma Diagnosed by an Exquisite Method: Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Lali Bhagat S. , Dey Debdeep , Bhave Saurabh J. , Parihar Mayur , Lingegowda Dayanand , Das Jayanta , Chatterjee Suvadip 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLarge B-cell lymphomas include both the commonly encountered, as well as not so frequent entities. We report a rare case of hepatic intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL). These cases usually pose a major challenge to timely diagnosis due to the limited clinical exposure and nonspecific symptoms; however, timely diagnosis is possible with awareness of this entity and close coordination between radiology and pathology. The patient presented with pain abdomen, fever, edema, hepatomegaly but no lymphadenopathy or cutaneous lesions were identified. Blood investigations revealed pancytopenia, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and bone marrow investigations were not helpful. Left-sided portal hypertension, coagulopathy, and hypoalbuminemia raised a clinical suspicion of chronic liver disease with high LDH levels and liver biopsy was challenging in view of very low platelet counts. The uniquely explored transjugular biopsy helped in obtaining liver tissue which showed sinusoidal large atypical lymphoid cells positive for CD20 rendering a diagnosis of IVLBCL. After administration of the R-miniCHOP chemotherapy, there was evident clinical and radiological response. This case highlights the importance of considering transjugular liver biopsy in scenarios where the clinical presentation is unusual. At the same time, a meticulous histological examination is needed to diagnose a rare yet potentially treatable large B cell lymphoma.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes after Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction using a Bone-patellar Tendon-bone Autograft and that Using a Double-Bundle Hamstring Tendon Autograft
Authors: Katagiri Hiroki , Nakagawa Yusuke , Miyatake Kazumasa , Ozeki Nobutake , Kohno Yuji , Amemiya Masaki , Sekiya Ichiro , Koga Hideyuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using a bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft and that using a double-bundle hamstring tendon (HT) autograft.Methods Consecutive cases of revision ACLRs were reviewed. The Lysholm knee scale and Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were recorded at the final follow-up. The pivot shift test, Lachman test, and anterior knee laxity measurement using an arthrometer were evaluated before revision ACLR and at final follow-up. Contralateral knee laxity was also evaluated, and side-to-side differences noted. The Lysholm knee scale, KOOS, the pivot shift test, Lachman test, and anterior knee laxity were compared between HT versus BPTB autograft recipient groups using the Mann–Whitney test or the t-test.Results Forty-one patients who underwent revision ACLR and followed up for at least 2 years were included. The graft source was a BPTB autograft in 23 patients (BPTB group) and a double-bundle HT autograft in 18 patients (HT group). The mean postoperative follow-up period was 44 ± 28 months in the BPTB group and 36 ± 18 in the HT group (p = 0.38). The HT group had significantly higher KOOS in the pain subscale (less pain) than the BPTB group at the final follow-up (BPTB group 84.2 vs. HT group 94.4; p = 0.02). The BPTB group showed significantly smaller side-to-side difference in anterior knee laxity (superior stability) than the HT group (0.3 vs. 2.6 mm; p < 0.01). The percentage of patients with residual anterior knee laxity in the BPTB group was significantly lower than that in the HT group (9.5% vs. 46.7%; odds ratio, 8.3; p = 0.02).Study Design This was a level 3 retrospective study.Conclusion Revision ACLR with a BPTB autograft was associated with superior results regarding restoration of knee joint stability as compared with that with a double-bundle HT autograft, whereas double-bundle HT autograft was superior to BPTB autograft in terms of patient-reported outcomes of pain. The rest of the patient-reported outcomes were equal between the two groups.
Efficacy of Prophylactic Knee Bracing in Sports
Authors: Blecha Kyle , Nuelle Clayton W. , Smith Patrick A. , Stannard James P. , Ma Richard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries are common knee injuries, which can result from contact and noncontact during sports, recreation, or work-related activities. Prophylactic knee braces (PKBs) have been designed to protect the knee and decrease risk of recurrence of these injuries. Despite their success, PKBs have not been proven to be consistently effective and cost of the device must be evaluated to optimize its use in sports, particularly American football. Biomechanical studies have suggested that increased hip and knee flexion angles may reduce frontal plane loading with bracing which can protect the knee joint. This is essential with knee loading and rotational moments because they are associated with jumping, landing, and pivoting movements. The clinical efficacy of wearing PKBs can have an impact on athletic performance with respect to speed, power, motion, and agility, and these limitations are evident in athletes who are unaccustomed to wearing a PKB. Despite these concerns, use of PKBs increases in patients who have sustained an MCL injury or recovering from an ACL reconstruction surgery. As the evidence continues to evolve in sports medicine, there is limited definitive data to determine their beneficial or detrimental effects on overall injury risk of athletes, therefore leading those recommendations and decisions for their usage in the hands of the athletic trainers and team physicians' experience to determine the specific brace design, brand, fit, and situations for use.
Bone-on-Bone Contact on Radiograph is not a Prerequisite for Successful Outcome in Fixed-Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty—A 10-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Wong Khai Cheong , Lee Merrill , Liow Lincoln , Lo Ngai-Nung , Yeo Seng-Jin , Chen Jerry 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Patients without bone-on-bone osteoarthritis are excluded from mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty due to higher revision rates and poorer outcomes. However, we do not know if the same indication applies to fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty implants. Our study aims to compare functional outcomes and revision rates in patients with and without bone-on-bone arthritis undergoing fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
Materials and Methods We reviewed 153 fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasties in a single institution. Patients were divided into four groups based on joint space remaining measured on preoperative radiographs. Group 1 included knees with bone-on-bone contact; group 2 included knees with less than 2 mm joint space; group 3 included knees with 2 to 4 mm joint space; group 4 included knees with more than 4 mm joint space. Patients were followed up for 10 years postoperatively and assessed using the Oxford Knee Score, the Functional Score and Knee Score from the Knee Society Clinical Rating Score, and the Short Form 36 Health Survey.
Results There was no difference in terms of demographic data and preoperative scores. Postoperative Knee Society Functional Score was found to be lower in group 1 as compared with the other groups. There was no difference between the four groups of patients in terms of Knee Society Knee Score, Oxford Knee Score, and Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary Scores from the Short Form 36 Health Survey. There was no difference in terms of survivorship free from all-cause revision at a minimum of 10 years' follow-up.
Conclusion Symptomatic patients with varying degrees of arthritis on preoperative radiographs had comparable clinical outcomes. We conclude that symptomatic patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of medial compartment osteoarthritis of any grade can benefit from a fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
Static Mediolateral Tilt of the Joint Line after Total Knee Arthroplasty Does Not Reflect Dynamic Tilt during a Stair Ascent Activity
Authors: Yabu Kazuma , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kuriyama Shinichi , Nishitani Kohei , Ito Hiromu , Song Young Dong , Morita Yugo , Yamawaki Yusuke , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe correlation between static and dynamic mediolateral (ML) tilts of the joint line in the coronal plane remains unknown after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose was to evaluate the ML tilt as measured by two-dimensional to three-dimensional registration during stair ascent in TKA patients, and to examine the correlation between the dynamic ML tilt and radiographic measurements of static indices. Thirty-two knees that underwent TKA using the mechanical alignment method were included. Continuous sagittal fluoroscopy was taken from before initial contact (IC) until after the toe-off (TO) phase during the stair ascent. The ML tilt of the tibial component relative to the ground was analyzed in terms of dynamic alignment using image-matching techniques, whereas static alignment was measured using standing long-leg radiographs. The correlation between static and dynamic ML tilts was evaluated. In the fluoroscopic analysis, the joint line was neutral (0.0 degree, standard deviation [SD] = 3.4 degrees) around IC phases, then was tilted valgus (5.5° valgus, SD = 2.6 degrees) in the mid-stance (MS) phase. After the TO phase, the joint line became almost neutral (0.4 degrees valgus, SD = 3.1 degrees). The dynamic ML tilt was significantly more varus during the IC phase and significantly more valgus in MS and TO phases than the static ML tilt (1.4 degrees valgus, SD = 2.0 degrees). No correlation was found between static and dynamic ML tilts in weight-bearing phases. During stair ascent, the static tilt had no correlation with the dynamic tilt in weight-bearing phases despite being in the same range. Static lower limb alignment does not reflect coronal alignment during motion. Further research should be conducted to determine whether the horizontal dynamic ML tilt can improve long-term durability and clinical outcomes after TKA.