bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamically Controlled Electronic Behavior of Stimuli‐Responsive Materials: Exploring Dimensionality and Connectivity
Authors: Leith Gabrielle A. , Martin Corey R. , Mathur Abhijai , Kittikhunnatham Preecha , Park Kyoung Chul , Shustova Natalia B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMaterials with dynamically controlled electronic structures (i.e., upon external stimuli) are at the forefront of the renewable energy sector with applications as memory devices, smart supercapacitors, programmable solar cells, and field‐effect transistors. Moreover, their continued development as device components is critical for the field of optoelectronics since their performance is comparable, or could even surpass, the current benchmarks. Adaptive electronic properties are the main focus of this review that discusses recent developments in the modulation of electronic behavior that can be tuned using external stimuli in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent–organic frameworks (COFs), primarily inorganic hybrids, polymers, and graphitic‐type materials. Triggers to achieve “dynamic” behavior discussed within this manuscript are primarily light‐based switches that include different classes of photochromic molecules such as naphthalene diimide, viologen, diarylethene, azobenzene, and spiropyran. The effect of material dimensionality and photoswitch connectivity achieved through integration of photochromic moieties inside 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D hybrid matrices is discussed. This review showcases the prospects of advancing the material and energy landscapes through employment of structural motifs with adaptive electronic structures occurring as a function of their dimensionality and connectivity.
Creating a compensation program for injuries from dicamba spray drift and volatilization
Authors: Centner Terence J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOver‐the‐top dicamba herbicides used on soybean and cotton crops are causing offsite injuries to vegetation of thousands of nearby property owners who are not being compensated for their damages. An examination of the use of dicamba products shows disagreement between facilitating profitable agricultural production and the imposition of damages on nearby property owners. To safeguard private property rights, a compensation program is proposed. By placing a fee on the sale of dicamba products, funds could be made available to provide compensation to persons whose properties are injured by drift and volatilization.
Halogen‐Bonding‐Donor Catalyzed Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Ueyama Kyohei , Hayakawa Shunsuke , Nishio Kazuhiro , Sawaguchi Daiki , Niitsuma Kenta , Michii Shota , Tsuruoka Ryoto , Ozawa Miyuki , Torita Koki , Morita Yoshitsugu , Komatsu Teruyuki , Haraguchi Ryosuke , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough halogen‐bonding has been utilized as an emerging means for activation of substrates, the use of the interaction for activation of relatively low Lewis basic electrophiles such as carbonyl compounds is still limited. Herein, we developed the halogen‐bonding‐donor donor catalyzed cyanosilylation of aldehydes via a synergistic activation mechanism, which were supported by a combined computational and experimental approach. The substrate scope for the reaction and the chemoselectivity of cationic XB‐donors are described.
Inflammaging: Blame the sons. Relationships between the number of sons and the level of inflammatory mediators among post‐reproductive women
Authors: Galbarczyk Andrzej , Klimek Magdalena , Blukacz Mateusz , Nenko Ilona , Jabłońska Magdalena , Jasienska Grazyna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesReproduction is costly, but sons and daughters differently influence maternal physiology, also in older age. In particular, having sons may negatively influence maternal health and may be associated with a shorter life span of mothers. Sons may also contribute to increased inflammaging, a chronic sub‐clinical systemic inflammatory state characterized by elevated levels of serum inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the total number of children, and the number of daughters and sons separately on concentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP), and proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α).Materials and MethodsThe participants were 378 women aged 45–92 who had 3.9 (SD 2.12, median = 4, range = 0–13) children, including 2.1 (SD 1.46, median = 2, range = 0–8) sons and 1.8 (SD 1.44, median = 2, range = 0–7) daughters on average.ResultsWe found a positive relationship between the overall number of children and IL‐6 levels. CRP and IL‐6 concentrations were positively associated with the number of sons but not with the number of daughters. Each son increased maternal CRP level by 11%, and IL‐6 level by 6%. Neither the total number of children nor the number of daughters or sons were related to the TNF‐α concentration.DiscussionAging‐associated inflammation in post‐reproductive mothers with a higher number of sons supports the hypothesis of trade‐offs between reproduction and health. Furthermore, these results provide new evidence contributing to the idea that having sons may have more detrimental effects on the maternal organism than having daughters.
Area from image analyses accurately estimates dry‐weight biomass of juvenile tissue from the moss Ceratodon purpureus
Authors: Burtscher Wesley P. , List Marna A. , Payton Adam C. , McDaniel Stuart F. , Carey Sarah B. 
Published: April 2021

PREMISEMosses have long served as models for studying many areas of plant biology. Investigators have used two‐dimensional measurements of juvenile growth from photographs as a surrogate for dry‐weight biomass. The relationship between area and biomass, however, has not been critically evaluated.METHODSHere we grew axenic tissue cultures of 10 Ceratodon purpureus isolates to study the relationship between these parameters. We measured area and biomass on replicate cultures with two distinct starting inoculum sizes each week for three weeks. We then examined the correlation between area and biomass as well as the influence of variation in inoculum size on both parameters.RESULTSWe found a strong correlation between area and biomass after two weeks of growth. Furthermore, we found inoculum size affected biomass during the first week of growth but not in subsequent weeks and inoculum size had no detectable effect on area.DISCUSSIONThese analyses provide experimental confirmation that area is a suitable proxy for biomass and provide clear guidelines for when inoculum size variation may affect downstream growth estimates.
Apoferritin nanocages for targeted delivery of idarubicin against breast cancer cells
Authors: Rafipour Ronak , Mousavi Asma , Mansouri Kamran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, nanotechnology has attracted attention for its capability to diagnose and remedy diverse tumors successfully. Protein nanocarriers as a platform of targeted drug delivery can be used to reduce toxicity and improve the effect of anticancer drugs. Idarubicin (IDR) is a chemotherapy drug that is classified as an anthracycline antitumor. In this study, IDR was encapsulated within horse spleen apoferritin (HsAFr) nanocarriers. Encapsulation was obtained through disassembling apoferritin into subunits at pH 2 and subsequently reassembling it at pH 7.4 in the presence of IDR. Transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques showed that drug molecules are loaded within apoferritin. Intrinsic fluorescence information exhibited that the encapsulation does not have any effects on the tertiary structure of the protein. Drug loading and entrapment efficiency were found to be 7.15% and 84.75%, respectively. Comparison of anticancer activities in HsAFr‐IDR and free drug IDR was made via the MTT viability technique in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7).
Measuring effectiveness of augmented reality‐based geometry learning assistant on memory retention abilities of the students in 3D geometry
Authors: Gargrish Shubham , Kaur Deepti P. , Mantri Archana , Singh Gurjinder , Sharma Bhanu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMathematics is one of the fundamental subjects for engineering students. While learning mathematics, students often find it difficult or lose interest due to the complexity of the subject. Augmented reality (AR) could aid students to learn certain concepts or theories that were difficult to understand in the classroom and also has the capability to enhance the instructional/learning material. In this study, an AR‐based learning setting named geometry learning assistant (GLA) was developed to teach geometry to students in a mathematics course. GLA provides an interactive and immersive experience to the students that helped them to learn about 3D vectors and direction ratios. The application includes vector addition, cross product, position vector, direction ratios, and dot product with real‐time examples for better learning. Experimental research was organized to investigate the impact of AR intervention on learner's memory retention abilities and learning. Eighty 1st‐year polytechnic students participated in the study and they were divided randomly into two groups: experimental group (N = 40) and control group (N = 40). Students of the experimental group were made to learn using AR‐based GLA, whereas the students from the control group were treated using interactive simulation (IS). The experimental results showed that the learners from the experimental group have better memory retention abilities after 2 and 4 weeks of the learning activity. AR‐based GLA provided a 3D immersive learning experience to the students that enhanced their visualization of the core concepts, which additionally improved their memory retention abilities.
Environmentally Friendly, Photochemical Access to []AuIII Pincer Complexes By Oxidative Addition
Authors: Eppel Daniel , Penert Philipp , Stemmer Johanna , Bauer Christina , Rudolph Matthias , Brückner Margit , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStarting from commercially available DMSAuCl and diazonium salts, cationic [
]AuIII complexes were synthesized in a selective, photosensitizer‐free, photochemical reaction by irradiation with blue LED light. This new protocol represents the first easy synthesis of these types of pincer complexes in moderate to excellent yield starting from a readily available gold(I) precursor with nitrogen as the only by‐product. Owing to the disadvantages of known protocols, especially the toxicity in the case of a transmetalation with mercury or the necessity for a mostly twofold excess of a gold precursor, this method offers an attractive alternative towards this kind of gold(III) complexes. In addition, the first arylated [
]Au(III) pincer complex was synthesized by using this technology.
Impact of aluminium acetate particles size on the gelation kinetics of polyacrylamide‐based gels: Rheological and molecular simulation study
Authors: Hamza Ahmed , Shamlooh Mohamed , Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. , Nasser Mustafa S. , Onawole Abdulmujeeb T. , Magzoub Musaab , Salehi Saeed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInorganically crosslinked polymers have been intensively implemented for conformance control treatments in oil and gas wells at low temperatures (<90°C) because of their faster gelation time compared to organically crosslinked gels. Crosslinkers such as chromium acetate are known to be toxic, and aluminium‐based alternatives have been introduced. This study aims to investigate the impact of aluminium acetate (AlAc) particle size on the gelation kinetics of polyacrylamide (PAM)‐based gels at a pH of 5 and temperature of 75°C. Moreover, bentonite is used as an additive to delay the crosslinking of PAM/AlAc gels. Reducing the particle size increases the specific surface area of the particles and provides more crosslinking sites. Therefore, lower PAM concentrations (up to 5 wt.%) could be used without AlAc settling. Using 7 wt.% PAM/1 wt.% AlAc with sizes of 25 and 48 μm revealed a crosslinking time of 17 and 115 min, respectively. The addition of bentonite at low crosslinker concentrations (0.5–1 wt.%) did not decrease the gel strength of 7 wt.% PAM/1 wt.% AlAc significantly. The gelation time was extended after adding 1 wt.% bentonite to the formulation where the delay was attributed to the adsorption of AlAc on the bentonite surface that was illustrated by molecular simulation.
Computer‐Aided Search for 5‐Arylideneimidazolone Anticancer Agents Able To Overcome ABCB1‐Based Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Kaczor Aneta , Szemerédi Nikoletta , Kucwaj‐Brysz Katarzyna , Dąbrowska Monika , Starek Małgorzata , Latacz Gniewomir , Spengler Gabriella , Handzlik Jadwiga 
Published: April 2021

AbstractABCB1 modulation is an interesting strategy in the search for new anticancer agents that can overcome multidrug resistance (MDR). Hence, 17 new 5‐arylideneimidazolones containing an amine moiety, as potential ABCB1 inhibitors, were designed, synthesized, and investigated. The series was tested in both parental (PAR) and multidrug‐resistant (MDR) ABCB1‐overexpressing T‐lymphoma cancer cells using cytotoxicity assays. The ABCB1‐modulating activity was examined in rhodamine 123 accumulation tests, followed by Pgp‐Glo™ Assay to determine the influence of the most active compounds on ATPase activity. Lipophilic properties were assessed both, in silico and experimentally (RP‐TLC). Pharmacophore‐based molecular modelling toward ABCB1 modulation was performed. The studies allowed the identification of anticancer agents (p‐fluorobenzylidene derivatives) more potent than doxorubicin, with highly selective action on MDR T‐lymphoma cells (selectivity index >40). Most of the investigated compounds showed ABCB1‐modulating action; in particular, two 5‐benzyloxybenzylidene derivatives displayed activity nearly as strong as that of tariquidar.
Building the Embrapa rice breeding dataset for efficient data reuse
Authors: Breseghello Flavio , de Mello Raquel Neves , Pinheiro Patrícia Valle , Soares Dino Magalhães , Lopes Júnior Sergio , Nakano Rangel Paulo Hideo , Guimarães Elcio Perpétuo , de Castro Adriano Pereira , Colombari Filho José Manoel , de Magalhães Júnior Ariano Martins , Fagundes Paulo Ricardo Reis , de Carvalho Ferreira Neves Péricles , Furtini Isabela Volpi , Utumi Marley Marico , Pereira José Almeida , Cordeiro Antônio Carlos Centeno , Filho Austrelino Silveira , Abreu Guilherme Barbosa , de Moura Neto Francisco Pereira , Pietragalla Julian , Hernández Mateo Vargas , Crossa José 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEmbrapa has led breeding programs for irrigated and upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) since 1977, generating a large amount of pedigree and phenotypic data. However, there were no systematic standards for data recording nor long‐term data preservation and reuse strategies. With the new aim of making data reuse practical, we recovered all data available and structured it into the Embrapa Rice Breeding Dataset (ERBD). In its current version, the ERBD includes 20,504 crosses involving 9,974 parents, the pedigrees of most of the 4,532 inbred lines that took part in advanced field trials, and phenotypic data from 2,711 field trials (1,118 irrigated, 1,593 upland trials), representing 226,458 field plots. Those trials were conducted over 38 years (1982–2019), in 247 locations, in latitudes ranging from 3°N to 33°S. Phenotypic traits included grain yield, days to flowering, plant height, canopy lodging, and five important fungal diseases: leaf blast, panicle blast, brown spot, leaf scald, and grain discoloration. The total number of data points surpasses 1.27 million. Descriptive statistics were computed over the dataset, split by cropping systems (irrigated or upland). The mean heritability of grain yield was high for both systems, at around .7, whereas the mean coefficient of variation was 13.9% for irrigated trials and 18.7% for upland trials. The ERBD offers the possibility of conducting studies on different aspects of rice breeding and genetics, including genetic gain, G×E analysis, genome‐wide association studies and genomic prediction.
Dinuclear Organotin Building Blocks and their Conversion into a Tetranuclear Macrocycle Containing Sn−O−Sn Linkages
Authors: Gómez‐Jaimes Gelen , Rojas León Irán , Martínez Romero Rodolfo , Beltrán Hiram I. , Rodríguez‐Molina Braulio , Hiller Wolf , Jurkschat Klaus , Hernández Irán F. , Höpfl Herbert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSix dinuclear organotin building blocks of general composition RR′R′′SnCH2Si(CH3)2−biphenyl−Si(CH3)2CH2SnR′′R′R, in which the tin atoms are separated by ap,p′‐biphenylene bridge and carry different substituents [BD1with R, R′=CH2Si(CH3)3, R′′=Ph;BD2with R, R′=CH2Si(CH3)3, R′′=Cl;BD3, with R, R′=CH2Si(CH3)3, R′′=I;BD4with R=CH2Si(CH3)2(C5H4FeCp), R′, R′′=Ph;BD5with R=CH2Si(CH3)2(C5H4FeCp), R′=Ph, R”=Cl;BD6with R=CH2Si(CH3)2(C5H4FeCp), R′=Ph, R′′=I], were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. Furthermore, the crystal and molecular structures ofBD2were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis, revealing the formation of molecular strands through intermolecular Cl→Sn contacts. The 1D coordination polymer [BD2]ncomprises macrocyclic rings of composition [BD2]2that motivated the generation of a related molecular macrocyclic structure by reaction ofBD2with silver (I) oxide in a 2 : 2 stoichiometry. The [2+2] macrocyclization yielded the 30‐membered tetra‐nuclear ring structureM1,viz., {[R2SnCH2Si(CH3)2−biphenyl−(CH3)2SiCH2SnR2](μ‐O)}2, in which twoBD2dinuclear building blocks are linked through two covalent Sn−O−Sn moieties. Examination by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/def2svp and B3LYP/6‐31G*(C,H,O,Si)/LanL2DZ(Sn) levels of theory gave energy minima for molecular conformers ofM1carrying the Sn−O−Sn andp,p′‐biphenylene bridges insyn‐ oranti‐orientation.
2,4‐DCP compromises the fertilization capacity of mouse oocytes
Authors: Dai Xiaoxin , Qiu Lijun , Rashida Churi , Xu Chunying , Mu Yi , Gao Yang , Chu Zhangjie , Zhao Bo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract2,4‐DCP (2,4‐dichlorophenol) is an environmental estrogen that is ubiquitously distributed in the environment and widely used to produce herbicides and pharmaceutical intermediates. Although 2,4‐DCP is suspected to have endocrine disruption, the reproductive toxicity of 2,4‐DCP in mammals has not been adequately assessed. In the present study, we examined the effect of 2,4‐DCP on the fertility of mouse eggs. The data showed that oral administration of 2,4‐DCP (180 mg/kg/day for 7 days) compromises the fertilization rate of mouse oocytes. To further analyze the mechanism by which 2,4‐DCP decreases fertilization, the key regulators and events during fertilization of mouse eggs were investigated. We found that the dynamics of cortical granules (CGs) were disrupted by showing the redistribution of CG free domain in 2,4‐DCP‐administered oocytes. This abnormality perturbed the sperm binding site in the zona pellucida (ZP) and dramatically reduced the number of sperm binding to the ZP of 2,4‐DCP‐administered oocytes. In addition, the abundance of Juno, a sperm receptor on the egg membrane, was also decreased and its distribution was mislocated in 2,4‐DCP‐administered oocytes. Finally, we validated that the defects of fertilization participants and events caused by 2,4‐DCP might be mediated by the increased level of reactive oxygen species‐induced apoptosis of oocytes. Therefore, we demonstrate that 2,4‐DCP compromises the fertilization ability of mouse oocytes via inducing oxidative stress.
Effect of intraoperative treatment options on hip joint stability following total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Myers Casey A. , Huff Daniel N. , Mason J. Bohannon , Rullkoetter Paul J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDislocation remains the leading indication for revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA). The objective of this study was to use a computational model to compare the overall resistance to both anterior and posterior dislocation for the available THA constructs commonly considered by surgeons attempting to produce a stable joint. Patient‐specific musculoskeletal models of THA patients performing activities consistent with anterior and posterior dislocation were developed to calculate joint contact forces and joint positions used for simulations of dislocation in a finite element model of the implanted hip that included an experimentally calibrated hip capsule representation. Dislocations were then performed with consideration of offset using +5 and +9 offset, iteratively with three lipped liner variations in jump distance (10°, 15°, and 20° lips), a size 40 head, and a dual‐mobility construct. Dislocation resistance was quantified as the moment required to dislocate the hip and the integral of the moment‐flexion angle (dislocation energy). Increasing head diameter increased resistive moment on average for anterior and posterior dislocation by 22% relative to a neutral configuration. A lipped liner resulted in increases in the resistive moment to posterior dislocation of 9%, 19%, and 47% for 10°, 15°, and 20° lips, a sensitivity of approximately 2.8 Nm/mm of additional jump distance. A dual‐mobility acetabular design resulted in an average 38% increase in resistive moment and 92% increase in dislocation energy for anterior and posterior dislocation. A quantitative understanding of tradeoffs in the dislocation risk inherent to THA construct options is valuable in supporting surgical decision making.
Solutions for one‐dimensional consolidation of unsaturated soil with general boundary conditions subjected to time‐dependent load
Authors: Niu Jiajun , Ling Daosheng , Zhu Song , Gong Shilin , Shan Zhendong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBased on the governing equations proposed by Fredlund and Hasan, this paper firstly establishes a mathematical model for one‐dimensional consolidation of single‐layer unsaturated soil with general boundary conditions, arbitrary initial conditions and time‐dependent external load. Then the eigenfunction expansion method is used to derive series solutions for excess pore water pressure and excess pore air pressure in time domain directly. It can be inferred that the series solutions in this paper for one‐dimensional consolidation of unsaturated soil are more general compared with previous researches, due to the generality of boundary conditions and time‐dependent load. They could be degenerated into solutions for one‐dimensional consolidation of unsaturated soil in various conditions. Finally, comparisons with results from previous literatures are made to validate the general series solutions in this research. More examples are provided to illustrate the consolidation behaviors of unsaturated soil with different impeded drainages on air and water phases at the boundary, and different types of external load.