bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value and Limitations of Cell Blocks in Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Bharati Vandna , Kumari Neha , Rao Shalinee , Sindhwani Girish , Chowdhury Nilotpal 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is recommended for diagnosing bronchial neoplasms and evaluating mediastinal lymph nodes. However, it may not be possible to subtype or definitely categorize many bronchial neoplasms on FNAC smears alone. Obtaining adequate diagnostic material is often a problem. In such cases, cell blocks made from FNAC material may serve as a useful adjunct. Aim: To study the value and limitations of cell blocks in adding diagnostic information to EBUS guided FNAC smears.

Material and Methods:
One hundred and eighty-five cases of EBUS guided FNAC having concomitant cell blocks were reviewed. The cases were evaluated for the extent of adequacy, of definite benign/malignant categorization and of definite subtyping in malignant tumors in these cases. The proportion of cases in which cell blocks added information to FNAC smears alone for the above parameters were calculated.

Results:
Cell blocks provided additional information in 31 out of 185 cases. Cell blocks were necessary for subtyping 24/59 malignant tumors, definite categorization into benign and malignant in 10/140 adequate samples, and increasing adequacy in 6/185 total samples. A total of 45 samples were inadequate in spite of adding information from cell blocks to smears.

Conclusion:
Cell blocks added clinically significant information to EBUS guided FNAC and should be used routinely. To make it more useful, alternative methods of cell block preparation (including proprietary methods) may be evaluated.
Immunoexpression of TTF1 and p63 Differentiates Lung Adenocarcinomas in Sputum Samples
Authors: Veena V. S. , Saritha V. N. , George Preethi Sara , Rajan K. , Jayasree K. , Sujathan K. 
Published: August 2021

Context:
Differentiating NSCLC as either adeno or squamous type and identification of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations is clinically relevant for lung cancer patients for selecting treatment. Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and p63 were demonstrated as useful markers for histologic typing of lung cancer. Mutation and overexpression of EGFR has been reported in a subset of non-small cell lung cancers. If these markers can be validated for the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in a sputum sample itself, it will be highly beneficial for lung cancer patients.

Aims:
To evaluate whether immunocytochemical expression of TTF-1, p63, and EGFR proteins in sputum samples can be used for differential diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma by comparing with that of the corresponding tissue samples.

Settings and Design:
Ninety sputum samples and matched tissue samples were used for the study.

Subjects and Methods:
Monolayered smears and cell blocks of sputum and the corresponding tissue samples were immunostained with the standard ABC method. The expression patterns of these markers were analyzed statistically and compared with clinic-pathological parameters.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test and paired t-test.

Results:
The p63 protein had a positive expression in 73.9% of SCC whereas TTF1 had positive expression in 75.8% of ADC. The EGFR expression was positive in 27 cases of adenocarcinoma, 21 cases of SCC and 19 cases of NSCLC.

Conclusions:
Immunocytochemistry of the aforementioned antibodies in sputum samples can be used as supplementary evidence for the subtyping of NSCLC.
Case Report: Post-Chikungunya–Associated Myeloneuropathy
Authors: Patwardhan Ameya , Nalini Atchayaram , Baishya Priyanka Priyadarshini , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Krishnareddy Haripriya , Dutta Debayan , Chawla Tanushree , Chowdary Ravindranadh Mundlamuri , Yadav Ravi , Vengalil Seena 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus endemic to South Asia with frequent outbreaks. A wide spectrum of neurological complications has been described in Chikungunya infections. Myeloneuropathy is a rare complication seen in Chikungunya and is proposed to have an underlying immune mediated pathogenesis. We report a case of a 45-year-old man presenting to the emergency services with acute onset of quadriparesis, breathlessness, urinary retention, profound pain, and sensory disturbances 6 weeks after the onset of high-grade fever and arthralgia. On examination, the patient had Medical Research Council grade 1 flaccid quadriparesis with prominent wasting and areflexia with distinct sensory level at T4. Immunoglobulin M CHIKV antibodies were positive, tested twice at a 1-week interval. He had notable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in the form of patchy T2 hyperintensities involving the entire length of the cervical and thoracic cord with normal brain imaging and extensive short tau inversion recovery hyperintense signal changes on muscle MRI. He was treated with five cycles of plasmapheresis and intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral steroids for 8 weeks. At 20-week follow-up, the patient had improvement in upper limb weakness, but paraparesis persisted. The case highlights the presence of unusual MRI findings and also the importance of early recognition of after infective neurological complications, and prompt treatment with immunomodulation may be beneficial.
Impact of Traditional Healers on the HIV Care Cascade in Senegal, West Africa: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Benzekri Noelle A. , Sambou Jacques F. , Ndong Sanou , Diallo Mouhamadou Baïla , Tamba Ibrahima Tito , Faye Dominique , Sall Ibrahima , Diatta Jean Philippe , Faye Khadim , Sall Fatima , Cisse Ousseynou , Ndour Cheikh T. , Sow Papa Salif , Malomar Jean Jacques , Hawes Stephen E. , Seydi Moussa , Gottlieb Geoffrey S. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
Consultation with traditional healers (THs) is common among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study to determine the association between consultation with THs and HIV outcomes following 12 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV-infected individuals presenting for care and initiation of ART in Dakar and Ziguinchor, Senegal were eligible for enrollment. Data were collected using interviews, clinical evaluations, laboratory analyses, and chart reviews at enrollment, 6 months after ART initiation, and 12 months after ART initiation. Among the 186 participants, 35.5% consulted a TH. The most common reason for consulting a TH was “mystical” concerns (18%). Those who consulted a TH before ART initiation were more likely to present with a CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 (44% versus 28%; P = 0.04) and WHO stage 3 or 4 disease (64% versus 46%; P = 0.03), and they were less likely to disclose their HIV status (44% versus 65%; P = 0.04). Those who consulted a TH more than 6 months after ART initiation were more likely to report poor adherence to ART (57% versus 4%; P < 0.01). The strongest predictor of virologic failure was consulting a TH more than 6 months after ART initiation (odd ratio [OR], 7.43; 95% CI, 1.22–45.24). The strongest predictors of mortality were consulting a TH before ART initiation (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.25–9.94) and baseline CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.12–8.89). Our findings reveal multiple opportunities to strengthen the HIV care cascade through partnerships between THs and biomedical providers. Future studies to evaluate the impact of these strategies on HIV outcomes are warranted.
Türkiye’nin 2007-2013 Dönemi Avrupa Birliği Kırsal Kalkınma (IPARD) Fonlarını Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Yusuf ÖZTÜRKCİ  
Published: August 2021

Avrupa Birliği (AB) aday ve potansiyel aday ülkelere sağlamış olduğu mali yardımları Katılım Öncesi Mali Yardım Aracı (InsturumentforPre-accession Assistance-IPA) olarak tek çatı altında toplamıştır. Türkiye, aday ülke statüsünde bulunduğundan IPA çatısı altında bulunan beş bileşenden de mali kaynak sağlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda ülkemiz beşinci bileşen olan Kırsal kalkınma (Rural Development) bileşeninden (IPARD) yararlanmaya başlamıştır. Türkiye için tahsis edilen Kırsal Kalkınma (IPARD) fonlarının kullanımını sağlamak üzere, Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınmayı Destekleme Kurumu (TKDK) 2007 yılında 5648 sayılı kanunla kurulmuştur. Tahsis edilen fonların kullanımı için kurulan TKDK’nın fonları kullanabilmesi için AB’den yetki devri alma şartı getirilmiş ve Türkiye tarafından yetki devri 2011 yılında alınmıştır. TKDK ilk aşamada 20 il koordinatörlüğü, ikinci aşamada 22 il koordinatörlüğü olmak üzere 42 ilde faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedirler. TKDK program dahilinde hayvancılık kapsamında et (kırmızı ve kanatlı)ve süt üretimi gıda işleme kapsamında et ve et ürünleri, süt ve süt ürünleri, su ürünleri, meyve sebze işleme ve pazarlama, kırsal alanların kalkınmasına yönelik arıcılık, tıbbi aromatik ve süs bitkisi yetiştiriciliği, zanaatkarlık, yerel tarım gıda ürünlerinin üretimi işlenmesi ve pazarlanması, kırsal turizm, kültür balıkçılığı gibi yatırımları desteklemektedir. Programın ilk yedi yıllık uygulama döneminde (2007-2013) 10.693 proje ile sözleşme imzalanarak yatırıma dönüştürülmüş, tahsis edilen 854,6 milyon avroluk bütçenin %99.52’sini kullandırmış, program süresince yaklaşık 6.7 milyar TL’lik yatırıma ve 3.15 milyar TL’lik hibe desteği sağlanmıştır. Desteklenen yatırımlar sonucunda 57 bin yeni istihdam oluşturulmuştur. Proje başvurusunda bulunan kişi ya da temsilcilerinin kadın ya da genç olmasına öncelik verilmesinden dolayı 40 yaş altı 4.572 yatırımcı ve 1.055 kadın yatırımcı desteklenmiştir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de IPARD fonları ile desteklenen yatırımlar hakkında bir inceleme yapılmış ve konu hakkında bilgilendirme amaçlanmıştır.
Complexity aspects of the computation of the rank of a graph
Authors: Ramos Igor , Santos Vinícius F. , Szwarcfiter Jayme L. 
Published: August 2021

Special issue PRIMA 2013
We consider the P₃-convexity on simple undirected graphs, in which a set of vertices S is convex if no vertex outside S has two or more neighbors in S. The convex hull H(S) of a set S is the smallest convex set containing S as a subset. A set S is a convexly independent set if v \not ∈ H(S\setminus \v\) for all v in S. The rank \rk(G) of a graph is the size of the largest convexly independent set. In this paper we consider the complexity of determining \rk(G). We show that the problem is NP-complete even for split or bipartite graphs with small diameter. We also show how to determine \rk(G) in polynomial time for the well structured classes of graphs of trees and threshold graphs. Finally, we give a tight upper bound for \rk(G), which in turn gives a tight upper bound for the Radon number as byproduct, which is the same obtained before by Henning, Rautenbach and Schäfer. Additionally, we briefly show that the problem is NP-complete also in the monophonic convexity.
Diversities and the Geometry of Hypergraphs
Authors: Bryant David , Tupper Paul 
Published: August 2021

Special issu PRIMA 2013
The embedding of finite metrics in 1 has become a fundamental tool for both combinatorial optimization and large-scale data analysis. One important application is to network flow problems as there is close relation between max-flow min-cut theorems and the minimal distortion embeddings of metrics into 1. Here we show that this theory can be generalized to a larger set of combinatorial optimization problems on both graphs and hypergraphs. This theory is not built on metrics and metric embeddings, but on diversities, a type of multi-way metric introduced recently by the authors. We explore diversity embeddings, 1 diversities, and their application to Steiner Tree Packing and Hypergraph Cut problems.
On the numbers of radial orderings of planar point sets
Authors: Dıaz-Banez José Miguel , Fabila-Monroy Ruy , Pérez-Lantero Pablo 
Published: August 2021

Combinatorics
Given a set S of n points in the plane, a radial ordering of S with respect to a point p (not in S) is a clockwise circular ordering of the elements in S by angle around p. If S is two-colored, a colored radial ordering is a radial ordering of S in which only the colors of the points are considered. In this paper, we obtain bounds on the number of distinct non-colored and colored radial orderings of S. We assume a strong general position on S, not three points are collinear and not three lines 14;each passing through a pair of points in S 14;intersect in a point of ℝ2 S. In the colored case, S is a set of 2n points partitioned into n red and n blue points, and n is even. We prove that: the number of distinct radial orderings of S is at most O(n4) and at least Ω(n3); the number of colored radial orderings of S is at most O(n4) and at least Ω(n); there exist sets of points with Θ(n4) colored radial orderings and sets of points with only O(n2) colored radial orderings.
Snarks with total chromatic number 5
Authors: Brinkmann Gunnar , Preissmann Myriam , Sasaki Diana 
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory
A k-total-coloring of G is an assignment of k colors to the edges and vertices of G, so that adjacent and incident elements have different colors. The total chromatic number of G, denoted by χT(G), is the least k for which G has a k-total-coloring. It was proved by Rosenfeld that the total chromatic number of a cubic graph is either 4 or 5. Cubic graphs with χT = 4 are said to be Type 1, and cubic graphs with χT = 5 are said to be Type 2. Snarks are cyclically 4-edge-connected cubic graphs that do not allow a 3-edge-coloring. In 2003, Cavicchioli et al. asked for a Type 2 snark with girth at least 5. As neither Type 2 cubic graphs with girth at least 5 nor Type 2 snarks are known, this is taking two steps at once, and the two requirements of being a snark and having girth at least 5 should better be treated independently. In this paper we will show that the property of being a snark can be combined with being Type 2. We will give a construction that gives Type 2 snarks for each even vertex number n≥40. We will also give the result of a computer search showing that among all Type 2 cubic graphs on up to 32 vertices, all but three contain an induced chordless cycle of length 4. These three exceptions contain triangles. The question of the existence of a Type 2 cubic graph with girth at least 5 remains open.
p-box: a new graph model
Authors: Soto Mauricio , Thraves-Caro Christopher 
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory
In this document, we study the scope of the following graph model: each vertex is assigned to a box in ℝd and to a representative element that belongs to that box. Two vertices are connected by an edge if and only if its respective boxes contain the opposite representative element. We focus our study on the case where boxes (and therefore representative elements) associated to vertices are spread in ℝ. We give both, a combinatorial and an intersection characterization of the model. Based on these characterizations, we determine graph families that contain the model (e. g., boxicity 2 graphs) and others that the new model contains (e. g., rooted directed path). We also study the particular case where each representative element is the center of its respective box. In this particular case, we provide constructive representations for interval, block and outerplanar graphs. Finally, we show that the general and the particular model are not equivalent by constructing a graph family that separates the two cases.
A $t$-generalization for Schubert Representatives of the Affine Grassmannian
Authors: Dalal Avinash J. , Morse Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

We introduce two families of symmetric functions with an extra parameter $t$ that specialize to Schubert representatives for cohomology and homology of the affine Grassmannian when $t=1$. The families are defined by a statistic on combinatorial objects associated to the type-$A$ affine Weyl group and their transition matrix with Hall-Littlewood polynomials is $t$-positive. We conjecture that one family is the set of $k$-atoms.
Nous présentons deux familles de fonctions symétriques dépendant d'un paramètre $t$ et dont les spécialisations à $t=1$ correspondent aux classes de Schubert dans la cohomologie et l'homologie des variétés Grassmanniennes affines. Les familles sont définies par des statistiques sur certains objets combinatoires associés au groupe de Weyl affine de type $A$ et leurs matrices de transition dans la base des polynômes de Hall-Littlewood sont $t$-positives. Nous conjecturons qu'une de ces familles correspond aux $k$-atomes.
Lattice of combinatorial Hopf algebras: binary trees with multiplicities
Authors: Priez Jean-Baptiste 
Published: August 2021

In a first part, we formalize the construction of combinatorial Hopf algebras from plactic-like monoids using polynomial realizations. Thank to this construction we reveal a lattice structure on those combinatorial Hopf algebras. As an application, we construct a new combinatorial Hopf algebra on binary trees with multiplicities and use it to prove a hook length formula for those trees.
Dans une première partie, nous formalisons la construction d’algèbres de Hopf combinatoires à partir d’une réalisation polynomiale et de monoïdes de type monoïde plaxique. Grâce à cette construction, nous mettons à jour une structure de treillis sur ces algèbres de Hopf combinatoires. Comme application, nous construisons une nouvelle algèbre de Hopf sur des arbres binaires à multiplicités et on l’utilise pour démontrer une formule des équerressur ces arbres.
$0$-Hecke algebra action on the Stanley-Reisner ring of the Boolean algebra
Authors: Huang Jia 
Published: August 2021

We define an action of the $0$-Hecke algebra of type A on the Stanley-Reisner ring of the Boolean algebra. By studying this action we obtain a family of multivariate noncommutative symmetric functions, which specialize to the noncommutative Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions and their $(q,t)$-analogues introduced by Bergeron and Zabrocki. We also obtain multivariate quasisymmetric function identities, which specialize to a result of Garsia and Gessel on the generating function of the joint distribution of five permutation statistics.
Nous définissons une action de l’algèbre de Hecke-$0$ de type A sur l’anneau Stanley-Reisner de l’algèbre de Boole. En étudiant cette action, on obtient une famille de fonctions symétriques non commutatives multivariées, qui se spécialisent pour les non commutatives fonctions de Hall-Littlewood symétriques et leur $(q,t)$-analogues introduits par Bergeron et Zabrocki. Nous obtenons également des identités de fonction quasisymmetrique multivariées, qui se spécialisent à la suite de Garsia et Gessel sur la fonction génératrice de la distribution conjointe de cinq statistiques de permutation.
Hopf Algebra of Sashes
Authors: Law Shirley 
Published: August 2021

A general lattice theoretic construction of Reading constructs Hopf subalgebras of the Malvenuto-Reutenauer Hopf algebra (MR) of permutations. The products and coproducts of these Hopf subalgebras are defined extrinsically in terms of the embedding in MR. The goal of this paper is to find an intrinsic combinatorial description of a particular one of these Hopf subalgebras. This Hopf algebra has a natural basis given by permutations that we call Pell permutations. The Pell permutations are in bijection with combinatorial objects that we call sashes, that is, tilings of a 1 by n rectangle with three types of tiles: black 1 by 1 squares, white 1 by 1 squares, and white 1 by 2 rectangles. The bijection induces a Hopf algebra structure on sashes. We describe the product and coproduct in terms of sashes, and the natural partial order on sashes. We also describe the dual coproduct and dual product of the dual Hopf algebra of sashes.
Une construction générale dans la théorie des treillis dû à Reading construit des sous-algèbres de Hopf de l’algèbre de Hopf de permutations de Malvenuto et Reutenauer (MR). Les produits et coproduits de ces sous-algèbres de Hopf sont définis extrinsèquement en termes du plongement dans MR. Le but de cette communication est de trouver une description combinatoire intrinsèque d’une de ces sous-algèbres de Hopf en particulier. Cette algèbre Hopf a une base naturelle donnée par des permutations que nous appelons permutations Pell. Les permutations Pell sont en bijection avec des objets combinatoires que nous appelons écharpes, c’est-à-dire des pavages d’un rectangle 1-par-n avec trois espèces de tuiles : des carrés noirs 1-par-1, des carrés blancs 1-par-1, et des rectangles blancs 1-par-2. La bijection induit une structure d’algèbre de Hopf sur les écharpes. On décrit le produit et le coproduit en termes d’écharpes, et l’ordre partiel naturel sur les écharpes. On décrit également le coproduit dual et le produit dualde l’algèbre de Hopf dual des écharpes.
Walks in the Quarter Plane with Multiple Steps
Authors: Kauers Manuel , Yatchak Rika 
Published: August 2021

We extend the classification of nearest neighbour walks in the quarter plane to models in which multiplicities are attached to each direction in the step set. Our study leads to a small number of infinite families that completely characterize all the models whose associated group is D4, D6, or D8. These families cover all the models with multiplicites 0, 1, 2, or 3, which were experimentally found to be D-finite — with three noteworthy exceptions.
Nous étendons la classification des marches aux plus proches voisins dans le quart de plan à des modèles dans lesquels une multiplicité est attachée à chaque direction de l’ensemble des pas. Notre étude identifie un petit nombre de familles infinies qui caractérisent complétement tous les modèles dont le groupe est D4, D6 ou D8. Ces familles contiennent tous les modèles à multiplicités 0, 1, 2 ou 3 dont il a été prouvé expérimentalement qu’ils étaientD-finis —avec trois exceptions notables.
The number of directed $k$-convex polyominoes
Authors: Boussicault Adrien , Rinaldi Simone , Socci Samanta 
Published: August 2021

We present a new method to obtain the generating functions for directed convex polyominoes according to several different statistics including: width, height, size of last column/row and number of corners. This method can be used to study different families of directed convex polyominoes: symmetric polyominoes, parallelogram polyominoes. In this paper, we apply our method to determine the generating function for directed $k$-convex polyominoes.We show it is a rational function and we study its asymptotic behavior.
Nous présentons une nouvelle méthode générique pour obtenir facilement et rapidement les fonctions génératrices des polyominos dirigés convexes avec différentes combinaisons de statistiques : hauteur, largeur, longueur de la dernière ligne/colonne et nombre de coins. La méthode peut être utilisée pour énumérer différentes familles de polyominos dirigés convexes: les polyominos symétriques, les polyominos parallélogrammes. De cette façon, nouscalculons la fonction génératrice des polyominos dirigés $k$-convexes, nous montrons qu’elle est rationnelle et nous étudions son comportement asymptotique.
Enumeration of minimal acyclic automata via generalized parking functions
Authors: Priez Jean-Baptiste 
Published: August 2021

We give an exact enumerative formula for the minimal acyclic deterministic finite automata. This formula is obtained from a bijection between a family of generalized parking functions and the transitions functions of acyclic automata.
On donne une formule d’énumération exacte des automates finites déterministes acycliques minimaux. Cetteformule s’obtient à partir d’une bijection entre une famille fonctions de parking généralisées et les fonctions detransitions des automates acycliques.