bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der psychotechnologische Komplex – Die Automatisierung mentaler Prozesse als demokratietheoretisches Problem
Authors: Bösel Bernd 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung umfasst neben vielen anderen Aspekten auch die Automatisierung psychischer Prozesse. Damit wird allerdings ein wesentlicher Aspekt für ein demokratisches und progressives Politikverständnis unterlaufen. Der Artikel setzt sich mit der Verflechtung von Psyche, Technik und Politik zunächst anhand einer Diskussion des französischen Philosophen Bernard Stiegler (1952–2020) auseinander, der in seinen späteren Arbeiten Medien als Psychotechnologien zu konzipieren begann und dafür plädierte, die seit Foucault in vielen Disziplinen häufig gebrauchte Kategorie der Biomacht um diejenige der „Psychomacht“ zu ergänzen. Der in dieser Diskussion ebenfalls aufblitzende Begriff „Psychopolitik“ wird anschließend mit zwei deutschsprachigen Theoretiker*innen, Alexandra Rau und Byung-Chul Han, konkretisiert. Auf dieser begrifflichen wie zeitdiagnostischen Grundlage wird in der zweiten Hälfte des Artikels das „psychotechnologische Arsenal“ der Gegenwart umrissen: Gemeint sind damit jene digitaltechnologischen Innovationen, die auf die Beeinflussung psychischer Prozesse von Nutzer*innen abzielen, und zu denen man u. a.persuasive technologies, Micro-Targeting, Apps für Wellness und psychische Gesundheit sowieaffective computingzählen kann. All diese Entwicklungen erzwingen zum Schluss eine Auseinandersetzung mit der vielfach beobachteten Rückkehr des Behaviorismus unter datenwissenschaftlichem Vorzeichen sowie mit der Frage, wie die Fähigkeit zu politischem Handeln innerhalb dieser Konstellation noch bewahrt werden kann, bevor der im Entstehen begriffene „psychotechnologische Paternalismus“ die psychische Kapazitäten zur freien Deliberation und vor allem auch zur politischen Imagination völlig außer Gefecht setzt.
Trade-off between job losses and the spread of COVID-19 in Japan
Authors: Hoshi Kisho , Kasahara Hiroyuki , Makioka Ryo , Suzuki Michio , Tanaka Satoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper quantitatively analyzes the trade-off between job losses and the spread of COVID-19 in Japan. We derive an empirical specification from the social planner’s resource constraint under the susceptible, infected, recovered, and deaths (SIRD) model and estimate how job losses and the case growth rate are related to people’s mobility using the Japanese prefecture-level panel data on confirmed cases, involuntary job losses, people’s mobility, and teleworkability. Our findings are summarized as follows. First, we find that a decrease in mobility driven by containment policies is associated with an increase in involuntary job separations, but the high teleworkability mitigates the negative effect of decreased mobility on job losses. Second, estimating how the case growth is related to people’s mobility and past cases, we find that the case growth rate is positively related to an increase in people’s mobility but negatively associated with past confirmed cases. Third, using these estimates, we provide a quantitative analysis of the trade-off between job losses and the number of confirmed cases. Taking Tokyo in July 2020 as a benchmark, we find that the cost of saving 1 job per month is 2.3 more confirmed cases per month in the short run of 1 month. When we consider a trade-off for 3 months from July to September of 2020, protecting 1 job per month requires 6.6 more confirmed cases per month. Therefore, the trade-off becomes worse substantially in the longer run of 3 months, reflecting the exponential case growth when the people’s mobility is high.
A Vertiginous Experience: Historical Ethics and Practice in the Age of Trump
Authors: Middleton Simon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis essay considers Christopher Tomlins’ thoughts—as expressed in his In the Matter of Nat Turner: A Speculative History—on historical ethics and practice in the context of recent and ongoing controversies concerning the history of race and slavery in the American past. Tomlins endeavors to recover as much as he can relating to Nat Turner and his mentalité at the time of the infamous 1831 rebellion. He also promises a self-conscious engagement with the creation of history as an intellectual practice, and invites readers to reflect on their standpoint in the histories they create. For Tomlins this practice means a close reading of Turner’s “confession” through the work of social theorists, an approach that will likely prove controversial for some readers. For those who stay with him, however, Tomlins provides a bravura demonstration of historical methodology with implications for current debates and divisions within the wider field.
“Hearing Nat Turner”: Within the 1831 Slave Rebellion
Authors: Brewer Holly 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this chef d’oeuvre, Tomlins offers a heuristic for how to extract the words, ideas, and actions of Nat Turner, the Black, enslaved man who led the most important slave rebellion in American history. Tomlins makes such an effort from within a cluster of different kinds of sources, each one a small window on the past, none of which Turner personally wrote. How to see beyond these particularly distorted glass windows on the past is not obvious. Tomlins’s In the Matter of Nat Turner provides a key not only to Turner, and to his powerful sense of how to fracture the fragile legitimacy of the southern slaveholding elite, but also a metaphysics of interpretive strategy that can serve as a theoretical model.
Longitudinal changes in within-salience network functional connectivity mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect, and mental health during adolescence
Authors: Rakesh Divyangana , Allen Nicholas B. , Whittle Sarah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the neurobiological underpinnings of childhood maltreatment is vital given consistent links with poor mental health. Dimensional models of adversity purport that different types of adversity likely have distinct neurobiological consequences. Adolescence is a key developmental period, during which deviations from normative neurodevelopment may have particular relevance for mental health. However, longitudinal work examining links between different forms of maltreatment, neurodevelopment, and mental health is limited.MethodsIn the present study, we explored associations between abuse, neglect, and longitudinal development of within-network functional connectivity of the salience (SN), default mode (DMN), and executive control network in 142 community residing adolescents. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired at age 16 (T1;M= 16.46 years,s.d.= 0.52, 66F) and 19 (T2; mean follow-up period: 2.35 years). Mental health data were also collected at T1 and T2. Childhood maltreatment history was assessed prior to T1.ResultsAbuse and neglect were both found to be associated with increases in within-SN functional connectivity from age 16 to 19. Further, there were sex differences in the association between neglect and changes in within-DMN connectivity. Finally, increases in within-SN connectivity were found to mediate the association between abuse/neglect and lower problematic substance use and higher depressive symptoms at age 19.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that childhood maltreatment is associated with altered neurodevelopmental trajectories, and that changes in salience processing may be linked with risk and resilience for the development of depression and substance use problems during adolescence, respectively. Further work is needed to understand the distinct neurodevelopmental and mental health outcomes of abuse and neglect.
Asymptomatic cardiac tumour with premature ventricular contraction in an athlete: case report
Authors: Eriş Deniz , Paç Feyza Ayşenur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCardiac fibromas are the second most common benign primary tumour of the heart in the children; the clinical features include chest pain, arrhythmia, low cardiac output due to outflow tract obstruction, and sudden cardiac death. Sports are associated with an increased risk for sudden death in athletes who are affected by cardiovascular conditions predisposing to life-threatening arrhythmias. We present a case report of 10-year-old asymptomatic boy who was referred to the paediatric cardiology department by his general practitioner for cardiac examination before participation in competitive sports. The electrocardiogram showed premature ventricular contractions originated from inferior of left ventricle. A mass was detected by 2D transthoracic echocardiography, and it was found to be compatible with fibroma on MRI. In some cases, cardiac tumours are asymptomatic as in our patient. Electrocardiogram abnormalities require detailed cardiac imaging with echocardiogram, and if necessary CT/MRI. In this article, we emphasise that detailed cardiac examination of individuals before participating in competitive sports is vital.
Orthography affects L1 and L2 speech perception but not production in early bilinguals
Authors: Stoehr Antje , Martin Clara D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrthography plays a crucial role in L2 learning, which generally relies on both oral and written input. We examine whether incongruencies between L1 and L2 grapheme-phoneme correspondences influence bilingual speech perception and production, even when both languages have been acquired in early childhood before reading acquisition. Spanish–Basque and Basque–Spanish early bilinguals performed an auditory lexical decision task including Basque pseudowords created by replacing Basque /s̻/ with Spanish /θ/. These distinct phonemes take the same orthographic form, <z>. Participants also completed reading-aloud tasks in Basque and Spanish to test whether speech sounds with the same orthographic form were produced similarly in the two languages. Results for both groups showed orthography had strong effects on speech perception but no effects on speech production. Taken together, these findings suggest that orthography plays a crucial role in the speech system of early bilinguals but does not automatically lead to non-native production.
The association between household food insecurity and obesity in Mexico: a cross-sectional study of ENSANUT MC 2016
Authors: Ponce-Alcala Rosa Elena , Ramirez-Garcia Luna Jose Luis , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Melgar-Quiñonez Hugo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between household food insecurity and overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Mexican adults.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:We analysed data from the Mexican Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016, a nationally representative survey that accounted for rural and urban areas in four regions of Mexico: North, Centre, Mexico City and South.Participants:Adults from 20 to 59 years old (n 5456, which represents 45 804 210 individuals at the national level).Results:70·8 % of the Mexican adults had some degree of household food insecurity. This situation showed larger proportions (P < 0·05) among indigenous people, those living in a rural area, in the Southern region or the lowest socio-economic quintiles. The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was higher in female adults (P < 0·001), with the highest proportions occurring among those experiencing severe household food insecurity. Among women, mean BMI and waist circumference were higher as household food insecurity levels increased (P < 0·001). According to multivariate logistic regression models, severe household food insecurity showed to be positively associated with obesity (OR: 2·36; P = 0·001) in Mexican adult females.Conclusions:Our findings confirm the association between household food insecurity and obesity among Mexican women. Given the socio-demographic characteristics of the food-insecure population, it is alarming that prevailing socio-economic inequalities in the country might also be contributing to the likelihood of obesity. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain and bolster surveillance systems to track both problems and implement adequate policies and interventions.
A compact ultra-wideband square and circular slot ground plane planar antenna with a modified circular patch
Authors: Golait Manohar , Varun Yadav Manish , Patil Balasaheb H. , Baudha Sudeep , Bramhane Lokesh Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) square and circular slot ground plane planar antenna with a modified circular patch for UWB communication is presented. This antenna has a low reflection coefficient and high gain in the range of 8.94 GHz, starting from 2.85 to 11.79 GHz. The proposed antenna demonstrates UWB behavior with electrically small dimensions of 0.18 λ0×0.14 λ0×0.015 λ0 (λ0 is the free-space wavelength at 2.85 GHz). The fractional bandwidth of the antenna is 122.1%, with stable radiations. The antenna's maximum gain stands at 2.79 dBi, and the antenna's peak efficiency stands at 72%, respectively. It is lightweight, compact, and easy to manufacture. Hence, it can be used for the complete range of UWB applications and covers Wi-Max/WLAN/ X-Band and Ku-Band.
Magnetic Constraints on Off‐Axis Seamount Volcanism in the Easternmost Segment of the Australian‐Antarctic Ridge
Authors: Choi Hakkyum , Kim Seung‐Sep , Park Sung‐Hyun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Australian‐Antarctic Ridge (AAR) is an intermediate‐spreading rate system located between the Southeast Indian Ridge and Macquarie Triple Junction of the Australian‐Antarctic‐Pacific plates. KR1 is the easternmost and longest AAR segment and exhibits unique axial morphology and various volcanic structures. We identified three asymmetric seamount chains positioned parallel to the seafloor spreading direction, which were indicative of prevalent off‐axis volcanism in the vicinity of segment KR1. Two‐dimensional magnetic modeling was used to predict the magnetization polarity of the seamounts, as well as to constrain their formation time and duration. The magnetic modeling revealed that the majority of the examined seamounts were formed over a period of less than ∼600 kyrs. The seamount formation primarily occurred during two distinct volcanic pulses from 0.16–1.14 to 1.58–2.69 Ma. A temporal gap of 200–650 kyrs between the formation time of the seamounts and seafloor was estimated for certain seamounts that were formed much later than their underlying seafloor and at a distance of 10–20 km from the KR1 axis. Typically, such off‐axis seamount activity is related to axial mantle convection caused by excessive magma supply near the ridge crest. Considering the scale of off‐axis volcanism and thickening lithosphere ∼20 km away from the axis with intermediate‐spreading rates, small‐scale upwelling made feasible by the fertile mantle heterogeneity is proposed as the mechanism for the seamount formations at off‐axis distances, and the geochemically enriched compositions of the seamounts support this alternative explanation.
High‐Frequency Fluctuations in Antarctic Bottom Water Transport Driven by Southern Ocean Winds
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Chi Xiaoyang , Solodoch Aviv , Hogg Andrew McC. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNorthward flow of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) across the Southern Ocean comprises a key component of the global overturning circulation. Yet AABW transport remains poorly constrained by observations and state estimates, and there is presently no means of directly monitoring any component of the Southern Ocean overturning. However, AABW flow is dynamically linked to Southern Ocean surface circulation via the zonal momentum balance, offering potential routes to indirect monitoring of the transport. Exploiting this dynamical link, this study shows that wind stress (WS) fluctuations drive large AABW transport fluctuations on time scales shorter than 2 years, which comprise almost all of the transport variance. This connection occurs due to differing time scales on which topographic and interfacial form stresses respond to wind variability, likely associated with differences in barotropic versus baroclinic Rossby wave propagation. These findings imply that AABW transport variability can largely be reconstructed from the surface WS alone.
Surface Expression and Apparent Timing of Subglacial Lake Oscillations Controlled by Viscous Ice Flow
Authors: Stubblefield A. G. , Creyts T. T. , Kingslake J. , Siegfried M. R. , Spiegelman M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSubglacial lakes are bodies of water that form at the base of ice sheets and glaciers. Ice‐surface elevation above these lakes responds to water volume changes, providing one of few ways to monitor subglacial hydrological systems. Here, we use numerical models to compare surface elevation‐derived estimates of subglacial‐lake length, water‐volume change, and highstand or lowstand timing with their true values. Because ice flow influences the surface expression of lake‐volume change, the correspondence between these estimates and their true values depends strongly on ice thickness, volume‐change rate, and basal drag coefficient. For many realistic combinations of these factors, viscous relaxation of the ice‐sheet surface can render lake volume‐changes unobservable with altimetry. Our results highlight the need for new estimation methods that account for the effects of ice flow, as well as improvements to current resolution limitations that render some events unobservable with altimetry.
Oceanic Circulation Drives the Deepest and Longest Marine Heatwaves in the East Australian Current System
Authors: Elzahaby Youstina , Schaeffer Amandine , Roughan Moninya , Delaux Sébastien 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough the impacts of marine heatwaves (MHWs) can extend well below the ocean surface, little is known about how oceanic and atmospheric forcings control their vertical structure. Here, we relate the MHW drivers to their sub‐surface characteristics in different dynamical regimes including the East Australia Current. We detect MHWs in the depth‐dependent surface mixed layer over 30‐years and use a heat budget to identify the dominant mechanisms driving them. We show that MHWs in the Western Boundary Current (WBC) jet are predominantly driven by air‐sea heatflux whilst in the WBC extension, MHWs are advection‐driven. The deepest and longest MHWs are advection‐driven and are more prevalent in autumn and winter. Surface (latent) flux‐driven MHWs are shallower and occur predominantly in summer. Demonstrating how MHW characteristics are linked to their drivers facilitates their prediction through driver diagnosis, especially below the surface where observations are sparse and ecological impact is high.
Global Maps of Solar Wind Electron Modification by Electrostatic Waves Above the Lunar Day Side: Kaguya Observations
Authors: Harada Yuki , Kasahara Yoshiya , Nishino Masaki N. , Kurita Satoshi , Saito Yoshifumi , Yokota Shoichiro , Kumamoto Atsushi , Takahashi Futoshi , Shimizu Hisayoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Moon drives observable perturbations in the upstream solar wind in a similar manner to the terrestrial foreshock. Recent observations suggested that lunar dayside electrostatic waves can arise from two different driving mechanisms, both involving reflected particles from lunar crustal magnetic fields. However, their association with the global distribution of lunar magnetic anomalies have not been fully characterized. Here we exploit polar orbiting Kaguya to generate first global maps of electrostatic waves and solar wind electron modification above the day side of the Moon. The maps clearly demonstrate that the two signatures are correlated with lunar crustal magnetic fields. Additionally, we observe different characteristics of electron modification for different interplanetary magnetic field orientations. The lunar crustal magnetic fields cause a wide range of reflected electron and ion intensities, thereby serving as a test bed to investigate the relative roles of reflected particles on wave excitation and particle heating.
Interpretation of Volume and Flux Changes of the Laurichard Rock Glacier Between 1952 and 2019, French Alps
Authors: Cusicanqui Diego , Rabatel Antoine , Vincent Christian , Bodin Xavier , Thibert Emmanuel , Francou Bernard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRock glaciers are creeping bodies of ice and rock that account for an important part of the mountain cryosphere. In this study, we investigated long‐term changes of the Laurichard rock glacier (French Alps), to understand how this rock glacier is responding to climate change. Using feature‐tracking and photogrammetric measurements between 1952 and 2019, we quantified changes in thickness, flow velocities and from which we derived the ice/rock flux of the rock glacier at a decadal time scale. This is the first time that emergence velocity and surface mass balance changes have been reconstructed for a rock glacier. Our results reveal a very small surface mass balance ranging from −0.1 m a−1 to +0.05 m a−1, reflecting the role of debris in damping the melt rate of the underlying ice. Surprisingly, we found a more negative surface mass balance in the upper part than in the lower part of the rock glacier during the 1952–1971 cold period, likely due to a reduction in rock and snow mass accumulation. Our study shows that thickness changes are mainly driven by changes in surface mass balance except during the most recent period in the lower part of the rock glacier, which was also influenced by a compressive flow related to a protrusion that prevented the rock glacier from advancing. We conclude that the period 1994–2019 witnessed a marked acceleration in rock glacier flow, in agreement with the observations of other rock glaciers in the European Alps. This strong increase in surface speed is likely a consequence of changes in the basal conditions.
On the Regionality of Moist Kelvin Waves and the MJO: The Critical Role of the Background Zonal Flow
Authors: Tulich S. N. , Kiladis G. N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA global model with superparameterized physics is used to shed light on the observed regionality of convectively coupled Kelvin waves and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). A series of aquaplanet simulations over zonally uniform sea‐surface temperatures is performed, in which the axisymmetric structure of the background zonal flow is altered through nudging, while maintaining a quasi‐fixed rainfall climatology. Results show that nudging at the equator to match profiles typical of the Indo‐Pacific or eastern Pacific sectors yields eastward‐moving tropical rain spectra typical of those sectors. Two different mechanistic pathways are identified as being responsible for this mean‐flow dependence, in addition to Doppler shifting effects. The first is through shifts of the Rossby wave critical line in the subtropical upper troposphere that affect the lateral forcing of Kelvin‐mode circulations at the equator by eastward and equatorward‐propagating eddies impinging on the tropics from higher latitudes. The second is through changes in the strength of the mean cyclonic shear in the lower tropical troposphere that affect the degree to which intraseasonal fluctuations in Kelvin‐mode zonal winds modulate the activity of higher‐frequency equatorial Rossby‐type eddies. In cases where the mean low‐level cyclonic shear is enhanced, the strength of this modulation, referred to as “shear‐induced eddy modulation” or SIEM, is also seen to be enhanced, such that MJO‐like modes of variability are rendered either unstable or near neutral, depending on the strength of the shear.