bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulla tecnica della pittura murale nella villa Farnesina
Authors: Angelini Aldo 
Published: April 2021

The Director of the pictorial restorations inside the Villa Farnesina comments on various significant technical issues that are emerging during the work. In particular, he considers the importance of the maltino and the muro di pietra in the evaluation of the fresco cycles in the villa. The review of the restoration campaigns begins in the Sala della Galatea with consideration of Peruzzi’s activities on the ceiling with its special material components. Analysis of the intonaco leads to the conclusion that there are no giornate, only regular additions of malta as the work progressed. Technical innovations here can be clearly identified, ones that show Peruzzi to have been the inventer of interior frescoes a pozzolana that will become so popular in the 17th century. The paintings of Sebastiano del Piombo show, on the other hand, a sensitive recognition of the adaptability of experimental Venetian fresco techniques to the particular site of the villa by the Tiber river. Sebastiano’s rapidity of execution of the polychrome frescoes, which the restoration illuminates, must have been a spectacle for the other artists who were working there, even though the technical results are demonstrated to have been less than successful. Sebastiano’s creation of a first version of the Galatea is shown, and it is deduced that initially he must have been commissioned to fresco the entire wall to the pavement. Although Sebastiano’s technical experiments were revolutionary for the Roman scene, it is argued that the intervention of Raphael was necessary to bring to completion the decoration of the room and that lessons learned there by him regarding polychromy were subsequently developed in his bottega. The extreme differences in execution and in temperament between the Venetian and the Umbrian are movingly seen in examination of the polychromes and the final version of the Galatea. In this regard, Sodoma’s frescoes in the bedroom show a combination of Raphaelesque attitudes with Sebastianesque use of Venetian blues. The restorations are bringing to the fore these and many other exciting discoveries about the specifics of technical operations inside the villa and in Rome during the Renaissance.
Le roi « San Fernando » : deux nouveaux tableaux de Valdés Leal
Authors: de Moura Sobral Luis 
Published: April 2021

Two hitherto unknown paintings by Valdés Leal (1622-1690), both in Spanish private collections, are published and discussed. A Saint Ferdinand Conqueror of Jaén, of 1673-75 (Fig. 3), is a preparatory oil-sketch for the large canvas in the cathedral of Jaén (Fig. 1). It represents the Spanish king Ferdinand III (1198-1252), hero of the ‘reconquista,’ whose canonization in 1671 was celebrated in the Seville cathedral by a series of ceremonies and feasts. Valdés Leal was deeply involved with these ceremonies, together with his friend the sculplor Pedro Roldán (1624-1700), generally credited with the creation of the typology of the new saint. A drawing by Valdés Leal in the Kunsthalle, Hamburg (Fig. 2), is certainly related to the Jaén commission as well. The second previously unpublished painting, a Saint Ferdinand (Fig. 4), is here identified as the one in possession of Leon y Ledesma, Canon of the Sevillian cathedral, a contemporary of Valdés Leal. The painting was mentioned in the inventory of León y Ledesma’s belongings (Gestoso, 1916).
William Berczy in Italy and Switzerland, 1780-1787
Authors: Stock Beate 
Published: April 2021

William Berczy avait 50 ans lorsqu’il arriva au Canada. Sa vie antérieure de même que sa formation et sa carrière artistiques en Europe sont demeurées pour nous presque totalement inconnues. Grâce au don en 1977 d’un livre relié de lettres manuscrites, écrites pour la plupart par Berczy, au Kunsthistorische Institut de Florence, nous pouvons maintenant reconstruire une période importante de la vie de cet artiste. Les lettres sont adressées à une certaine Margaritha Grutier de Berne, en Suisse, où semble-t-il Berczy demeura quelque temps avant d’aller en Italie. Il arriva à Florence à la fin de 1 780 et se mit sérieusement, pour la première fois de sa vie semble-t-il, à l’étude de la peinture, allant à la Galerie pour faire des copies, entre autres des autoportraits de Rubens, van Dyck et Mengs. Considérant que l’emploi de la gouache restreignait ses projets et ses ambitions, il se mit à peindre à l’huile. À part des études, il s’appliqua à exécuter différentes commandes. Son patron le plus illustre fut le grand-duc Pierre-Léopold. II peignit à son intention un portrait de famille présentant le grand-duc, la grande-duchesse et leurs dix enfants vivants, ainsi que des miniatures de quelques membres de cette famille. L’artiste demeurait durant ce temps en rapport avec sa clientèle bernoise, pour laquelle il remplissait différentes commandes. Le premier séjour de Berczy à Florence prit fin en août 1782 et on le retrouve les neuf mois suivants à Berne, où son talent semble avoir été beaucoup sollicité. À partir de juillet 1783, il est en Italie, à Florence et à Naples. Il peint à Naples plusieurs œuvres pour la famille royale, puis retourne en Suisse, cette fois pour y épouser Charlotte Allamand. Le couple s’installe d’abord à Genève, où Berczy y peint une miniature de la jeune princesse de Gloucester, puis déménage à Berne. Mais leur situation se détériore et Berczy ne trouve plus suffisamment de commandes pour subsister. Il retourne avec sa femme à Florence au début de 1787. Les lettres de Berczy contiennent des informations qui ont permis à l’auteur d’identifier cinq miniatures à la gouache et un portrait à l’huile d’un groupe de trois enfants. Ces six tableaux représentent des membres de la famille de Murait : la mère, ses trois enfants et une parente. Le décor architectural du portrait de groupe montre un intérieur caractéristique des maisons aristocratiques de Berne. Mais les deux grosses colonnes (élément étranger au contexte bernois) et la posture des deux garçons indiquent que Berczy s’est largement inspiré du portrait que Rubens fit de ses fils Albert et Nicolas.
A transição do princípio do prazer ao de realidade segundo Ferenczi e Spielrein
Authors: Caropreso Fátima , Maciel Neto João Alves 
Published: April 2021

O psicanalista húngaro Sándor Ferenczi elaborou uma teoria sobre a transição do princípio do prazer ao princípio de realidade, que permite complementar e aprofundar as hipóteses freudianas sobre esses princípios. De acordo com a sua teoria, esse processo envolve uma série de estágios, ao longo dos quais, gradualmente, a diferenciação entre o eu e o mundo externo é estabelecida e o sentimento de onipotência é abandonado. Freud e Ferenczi, contudo, não focaram a questão da maneira como o desenvolvimento da linguagem verbal acompanha esse processo de transição entre os dois princípios, questão essa abordada pela psicanalista russa Sabina Spielrein. Esta autora complementa as teorias de Freud e Ferenczi, ao abordar o fenômeno em questão a partir de uma perspectiva diferente, ou seja, daquela do desenvolvimento da linguagem. Apesar da originalidade e da importância da contribuição de suas teorias para a compreensão do funcionamento mental, Ferenczi e, sobretudo, Spielrein são autores ainda pouco estudados, que merecem maior atenção e reconhecimento, o que justifica o resgate de suas teorias. Nesse artigo, abordamos algumas das hipóteses dos dois autores que permitem uma melhor compreensão do processo de diferenciação entre o eu e o mundo externo e de transição do princípio de prazer ao princípio de realidade. Nos baseamos na análise do texto de Ferenczi O Desenvolvimento do Sentido de Realidade e seus Estágios, de 1913, e nos textos de Spielrein O surgimento e o desenvolvimento da fala articulada e A origem das palavras infantis papai e mamãe, publicados, respectivamente, em 1920 e 1922.
Optimal extraction, purification and antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from endophytic fungi of Conyza blinii H. Lév
Authors: Zhao Shuheng , Wu Xulong , Duan Xiaoyu , Zhou Caixia , Zhao Zhiqiao , Chen Hui , Tang Zizhong , Wan Yujun , Xiao Yirong , Chen Hong 
Published: April 2021

Background
Flavonoids are widely used in the market because of their antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. But the production speed of flavonoids is limited by the growth of plants. CBL9 (Chaetomium cruentum) is a flavonoid-producing endophytic fungi from Conyza blinii H. Lév, which has potential to produce flavonoids.

Methods
In this study, we isolated total flavonoids from endophytic fungus CBL9 of Conyza blinii H. Lév using macroporous resin D101. The process was optimized by response surface and the best extraction process was obtained. The antioxidant activities of total flavonoids were analyzed in vitro.

Results
It was found that the best parameters were 25 °C pH 2.80, 1.85 h, and the adsorption ratio reached (64.14 ± 0.04)%. A total of 60% ethanol was the best elution solvent. The elution ratio of total flavonoid reached to (81.54 ± 0.03)%, and the purity was 7.13%, which was increased by 14.55 times compared with the original fermentation broth. Moreover its purity could rise to 13.69% after precipitated by ethanol, which is very close to 14.10% prepared by ethyl acetate extraction. In the antioxidant research, the clearance ratio of L9F-M on DPPH, ABTS, •OH, •O2−, (96.44 ± 0.04)% and (75.33 ± 0.03)%, (73.79 ± 0.02)%, (31.14 ± 0.01)% at maximum mass concentration, was higher than L9F.

Conclusion
The result indicated using macroporous resin in the extraction of total flavonoid from endophytic fungus is better than organic solvents with higher extraction ratio, safety and lower cost. In vitro testing indicated that the flavonoid extracted by macroporous resin have good antioxidant activity, providing more evidence for the production of flavonoid by biological fermentation method.
Comparison of Knowledge and Attitude among Medical and Dental Students Towards COVID-19
Authors: Usmani Fareya , Arshad Saba , Iqbal Nasima , Saleem Zakia , Mehmood Hira , Khan Muhammad Aitmaud uddolah 
Published: April 2021

Aim: To assess and compare the knowledge and attitude of medical and dental undergraduates towards COVID-19 in current setup
Study Design: Cross-sectional
Place and Duration of Study: Study was done at Ziauddin university Karachi during the period of October 2020 to December 2020
Methodology: Medical and dental students from 1st year to final year were enrolled in the study. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.71. The questionnaire was consisting of demographic variables, questions regarding the knowledge towards COVID-19 and the attitude of medical and dental students. Analysis was done by using SPSS version-20. Frequency and percentages was used to present the categorical data. Comparison between demographic variables and knowledge score was done by using the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA test as appropriate. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: About 56% of participants were female and from 3rd year (25.2%). Comparing with socioeconomic status, the upper class of medical students were having higher score. As the year of study upgraded the students reported higher knowledge score with significant p-values among both medical and dental students. Medical students were having higher knowledge about COVID-19 than the dental students but dental students were having more knowledge about the safety measures. Looking over the attitude, majority of medical students were interested in gaining information about COVID-19.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that medical students are having more knowledge about the COVID-19 but the dental students were more aware of the protective measure which should be taken. Both groups of medical and dental students having positive attitude towards limiting the spread of COVID-19.
A sequential guide to identify neonates with low bacterial meningitis risk: a multicenter study
Authors: Chen Yan , Yin Zhanghua , Gong Xiaohui , Li Jing , Zhong Wenhua , Shan Liqin , Lei Xiaoping , Zhang Qian , Zhou Qin , Zhao Youyan , Chen Chao , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo derive and validate a predictive algorithm integrating clinical and laboratory parameters to stratify a full‐term neonate's risk level of having bacterial meningitis (BM).MethodsA multicentered dataset was categorized into derivation (689 full‐term neonates aged ≤28 days with a lumbar puncture [LP]) and external validation (383 neonates) datasets. A sequential algorithm with risk stratification for neonatal BM was constructed.ResultsIn the derivation dataset, 102 neonates had BM (14.8%). Using stepwise regression analysis, fever, infection source absence, neurological manifestation, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin were selected as optimal predictive sets for neonatal BM and introduced to a sequential algorithm. Based on the algorithm, 96.1% of BM cases (98 of 102) were identified, and 50.7% of the neonates (349 of 689) were classified as low risk. The algorithm’s sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) in identifying neonates at low risk of BM were 96.2% (95% CI 91.7%–98.9%) and 98.9% (95% CI 97.6%–99.6%), respectively. In the validation dataset, sensitivity and NPV were 95.9% (95% CI 91.0%–100%) and 98.8% (95% CI 97.7%–100%).InterpretationThe sequential algorithm can risk stratify neonates for BM with excellent predictive performance and prove helpful to clinicians in LP‐related decision‐making.
Novel Deep‐Blue Hybridized Local and Charge‐Transfer Host Emitter for High‐Quality Fluorescence/Phosphor Hybrid Quasi‐White Organic Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xue Jianan , Li Chenglong , Zhang Shitong , Yang Bing , Liu Yu , Wang Yue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) molecule 2TPA‐PPI is obtained for constructing the high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) in this work. 2TPA‐PPI possesses the sufficient emission/charge‐transporting properties, thus it is used as a neat emitter achieving an efficient deep‐blue OLED with very high external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 10.7%, as well as a multi‐functional emitting host matrix constructing the high‐performance phosphorescent OLEDs. More importantly, a high‐efficiency candle light‐style OLED adopting the HLCT/phosphor hybrid strategy is realized, where 2TPA‐PPI acts as not only a blue emitter, but also a universal host sensitizing both yellow and red phosphors. This quasi‐white OLED represents almost the highest EQE/PE level of 25.2%/49.7 lm W−1 at the practical luminance level of 1000 cd m−2 for the white OLEDs with the excellent color rendering index values of more than 80 reported.
The Intrinsic Charge Carrier Behaviors and Applications of Polyoxometalate Clusters Based Materials
Authors: Yang Le , Lei Jie , Fan Jing‐Min , Yuan Ru‐Ming , Zheng Ming‐Sen , Chen Jia‐Jia , Dong Quan‐Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) are a series of molecular metal oxide clusters, which span the two domains of solutes and solid metal oxides. The unique characters of POMs in structure, geometry, and adjustable redox properties have attracted widespread attention in functional material synthesis, catalysis, electronic devices, and electrochemical energy storage and conversion. This review is focused on the links between the intrinsic charge carrier behaviors of POMs from a chemistry‐oriented view and their recent ground‐breaking developments in related areas. First, the advantageous charge transfer behaviors of POMs in molecular‐level electronic devices are summarized. Solar‐driven, thermal‐driven, and electrochemical‐driven charge carrier behaviors of POMs in energy generation, conversion and storage systems are also discussed. Finally, present challenges and fundamental insights are discussed as to the advanced design of functional systems based upon POM building blocks for their possible emerging application areas.
Liquid‐Based Adaptive Structural Materials
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chen Baiyi , Chen Xinyu , Hou Xu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStructural materials are used to provide stable mechanical architectures and transmit or support forces, and they play an important role in materials science and technology. During the long process of the exploitation of structural materials, the functionality of structural materials has gained prominence. Adaptive structures responding to external stimuli have come to the fore with significant advantages in structural materials. However, many solid adaptive structural materials still suffer from their single function and the lack of dynamic performance, such as issue around fouling and energy consumption, defects present everywhere in materials at the microscale, etc. To meet the increasing demands, more and more researchers have started turning their attention to liquid‐based materials owing to their intrinsic spontaneous, dynamic, and functional properties. Liquid‐based adaptive structural materials (LASMs) have been proposed and developed. Building upon both dynamic liquids and fixed solids, LASMs have been demonstrated to possess both dynamic adaptivity (from the active liquid part) and stable mechanical structure (from the fixed solid part), which are desired in many applications such as 3D printing, droplet manipulation, omniphobic surfaces, microfluidics, mass separation, etc. A unifying view of the recent progress of LASMs is presented, including liquid with particles, liquid with surfaces, as well as liquid with membranes. In addition, the discussion of the prospects and challenges are provided for promoting the development of LASMs.
An Insulin‐Inspired Supramolecular Hydrogel for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Mohan , Wang Zhongyan , Feng Dandan , Shang Yuna , Li Xinxin , Liu Jianfeng , Li Chen , Yang Zhimou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSupramolecular peptide hydrogel has shown promising potential in vaccine development largely because of its ability to function both as antigen depot and immune adjuvant. Nap‐GdFdFdY, a tetrapeptide hydrogel that has been previously reported to exhibit adjuvant effect, is inadvertently found to contain conserved peptide sequence for insulin, proinsulin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase, 3 major autoantigens for the autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). At present, despite being managed clinically with insulin replacement therapy, T1D remains a major health threat with rapidly increasing incidences, especially in children and young adults, and antigen‐specific immune tolerance induction has been proposed as a feasible approach to prevent or delay T1D progression at an early stage. Here, it is reported that innoculation of Nap‐GdFdFdY leads to complete protection of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice from T1D development till the age of 36 weeks. Better maintenance of pancreatic islet morphology with minimal immune cell infiltration is also observed from mice exposed to Nap‐GdFdFdY. This beneficial impact is mainly due to its facilitative role on enhancing peripheral T regulatory cell (Treg) population, shown as increased splenic Treg percentage, and function, demonstrated by maintenance of circulating TGF‐β1 level. Serum cytokine microarray data further implicate a “buffering” role of Nap‐GdFdFdY on systemic inflammatory tone in NOD mice. Thus, with its versatility, applicability, and excellent potency, Nap‐GdFdFdY is posited as a novel therapeutic intervention for T1D.
Surgical outcomes in gastroenterological surgery in Japan: Report of the National Clinical Database 2011–2019
Authors: Marubashi Shigeru , Takahashi Arata , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Ueno Hideki , Eguchi Susumu , Endo Itaru , Goi Takanori , Saiura Akio , Sasaki Akira , Takiguchi Shuji , Takeuchi Hiroya , Tanaka Chie , Hashimoto Masaji , Hiki Naoki , Horiguchi Akihiko , Masaki Tadahiko , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Konno Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Seto Yasuyuki , Kitagawa Yuko ,   the National Clinical Database
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to present the 2019 annual report of the gastroenterological section of the National Clinical Database (NCD).MethodsWe reviewed 609,589 cases recorded in 2019 and 5,029,764 cases registered from 2011 to 2019 for the 115 selected gastroenterological surgical procedures.ResultsThe main features of gastroenterological surgery in Japan were similar to those described in the 2018 annual report, namely, that 1) operative numbers gradually increased in all procedures, except gastrectomy and hepatectomy, which decreased in these years; 2) in all eight major gastroenterological surgeries, the age distribution tended toward older patients; 3) the morbidity of esophagectomy, hepatectomy, and pancreaticoduodenectomy increased, but mortality was minimized in all procedures; 4) all eight major gastroenterological procedures have increasingly been performed under laparoscopy; and 5) board‐certified surgeons were increasingly involved. These trends in recent years were more prominent in 2019.ConclusionsThanks to the continuous cooperation and dedication of the surgeons, medical staff, and surgical clinical reviewers who registered the clinical data into the NCD, it is possible to understand the comprehensive landscape of surgery in Japan and to disclose new evidence in this field. The Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery will continue to promote the value of this database and encourage the use of feedback and clinical studies using the NCD, now and in the future. Generating further approaches to surgical quality improvement are important directions for future research.
Approaches to Understanding COVID‐19 and its Neurological Associations
Authors: Beghi Ettore , Michael Benedict D. , Solomon Tom , Westenberg Erica , Winkler Andrea S. ,   Global COVID‐19 Neuro Research Coalition
Published: April 2021

There is an accumulating volume of research into neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, inconsistent study designs, inadequate controls, poorly validated tests, and differing settings, interventions, and cultural norms weaken study quality and comparability, hence the understanding of the spectrum, burden, and pathophysiology of these complications. Therefore, a global COVID‐19 Neuro Research Coalition, together with the World Health Organization, has reviewed reports of COVID‐19 neurological complications and harmonized clinical measures for future research. This will facilitate well‐designed studies using precise, consistent case definitions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and neurological complications, with standardized forms for pooled data analyses that nonspecialists can use, including those in low‐income settings. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1059–1067
Engineering High‐Spin State Cobalt Cations in Spinel Zinc Cobalt Oxide for Spin Channel Propagation and Active Site Enhancement in Water Oxidation
Authors: Sun Yuanmiao , Ren Xiao , Sun Shengnan , Liu Zheng , Xi Shibo , Xu Zhichuan J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpinel zinc cobalt oxide (ZnCo2O4) is not considered as a superior catalyst for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is the bottleneck reaction in water‐electrolysis. Herein, taking advantage of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find that the existence of low‐spin (LS) state cobalt cations hinders the OER activity of spinel zinc cobalt oxide, as the t2g6eg0 configuration gives rise to purely localized electronic structure and exhibits poor binding affinity to the key reaction intermediate. Increasing the spin state of cobalt cations in spinel ZnCo2O4 is found to propagate a spin channel to promote spin‐selected charge transport during OER and generate better active sites for intermediates adsorption. The experiments find increasing the calcination temperature a facile approach to engineer high‐spin (HS) state cobalt cations in ZnCo2O4, while not working for Co3O4. The activity of the best spin‐state‐engineered ZnCo2O4 outperforms other typical Co‐based oxides.