bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin and Micronutrient Intakes among Women of Reproductive Age in Vietnam
Authors: Ramakrishnan Usha , Nguyen P H , Copeland E , Lowe A E , Strizich G , Nguyen H , Pham H , Truong T , Nguyen S , Reinhart G A , Harding K B , Neufeld L M , Martorell R 
Published: June 2021

Micronutrient deficiencies are a public health concern in Vietnam negatively affecting maternal and child health outcomes. However, information on micronutrient intake among women of reproductive age (WRA) is lacking. Data from a survey of 5011 WRA participating in preconceptional micronutrient supplementation trial (PRECONCEPT) in Thai Nguyen province was used to identify food sources and estimate the adequacy and determinants of micronutrient intakes. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 107‐item food‐frequency questionnaire. Starchy staples were the main source of iron and zinc (33% and 50%, respectively) with only a small proportion from meat (9% and 17%, respectively). The primary source of folate and vitamin A were vegetables; vitamin B12 came from meat and eggs. Median intake of most micronutrients were within recommended daily intake, but inadequate intakes were identified for iron (41%), zinc (7.0%), folate (54%), vitamins B12 (62%) and A (32%). Socioeconomic status was the main determinant of micronutrient intakes. WRA in the wealthiest quintile consumed 26% more iron, 19% more zinc, 36% more folate, 82% more vitamin B12 and 47% more vitamin A compared to those in the poorest quintile. Targeted efforts to promote the consumption of local nutrient rich foods along with educational programs and social development are needed.Funding: The Mathile Inst. and the MI.
Cesarean delivery and maternal knowledge are important predictors of early breastfeeding practices in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Vietnam
Authors: Begum Khadija , Dewey Kathryn G. , Peerson Janet , Saha Kuntal K. , Ali Disha , Nguyen Phuong H. , Rawat Rahul , Menon Purnima 
Published: June 2021

Early breastfeeding (BF) practices have major health consequences. We compared predictors of early BF practices among children <24 mo of age in Bangladesh (BD), Ethiopia (ET) and Vietnam (VN), using data from baseline household surveys conducted in 2010. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to model predictors of early initiation (< 1 h) of breastfeeding (EIBF), no prelacteal feeding (NPF) and 0–3 day exclusive BF (D3EBF). Rates of EIBF, NPF and D3EBF were 64%, 52% and 47% in BD, 67%, 91% and 85% in ET and 59%, 43% and 33% in VN, respectively. Cesarean delivery was related to lower EIBF in all 3 countries (OR; 95% CI: 0.44; 0.27–0.72 in BD; 0.04; 0.01–0.28 in ET and 0.08; 0.05–0.11 in VN). Poor awareness of optimal BF initiation timing was related to low rates of EIBF (OR; 95% CI: 0.25; 0.19–0.33 in BD; 0.03; 0.02–0.06 in ET and 0.18; 0.14–0.23 in VN). Other factors linked to lower EIBF in at least 2 countries were fewer children <5 y in the household, minority religious affiliation, mother's age >;25 y and lower knowledge of colostrum feeding. Similar predictors were found for NPF and D3EBF, including Cesarean delivery in VN and poor awareness of EIBF (for NPF) in BD and ET.Rates of early BF practices are suboptimal in all 3 settings and should be improved via interventions prior to and at the time of birth, regardless of mode of delivery care. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI 360.Grant Funding Source: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through Alive & Thrive
Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and C‐reactive protein in persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Poudel‐Tandukar Kalpana , Poudel Krishna C. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundC‐reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with disease progression in HIV‐positive people. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to be inversely related to CRP in people without HIV. We tested the hypothesis of an independent relationship between PUFA and CRP in a HIV‐positive people.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 250 HIV‐positive people aged 20 to 60 years residing in Nepal. Serum high‐sensitivity CRP concentrations were measured by the latex agglutination nephelometry method. Dietary intake was assessed using two nonconsecutive 24‐hour dietary recalls. The relationship between PUFA and CRP were assessed using multiple regression analysis.ResultsMultivariate‐adjusted mean values of serum CRP concentrations decreased with increased intake of PUFA. The mean values of serum CRP concentrations in the first, second, and third tertiles of PUFA were 1.73 mg/L, 1.32 mg/L, and 1.26 mg/L, respectively (P for trend=0.11). The mean values of serum CRP concentrations in the first, second, and third tertiles of PUFA in women were 1.93 mg/L, 1.62 mg/L, and 1.09 mg/L, respectively (P for trend=0.04). No clear association was seen between PUFA and CRP in men.ConclusionThe higher intakes of PUFA may have a beneficial role against inflammation in HIV‐positive people.Source of research support: Grant‐in‐Aid for Young Scientists (B) (22790581), Japan.
Zinc status and its association with C‐reactive protein and leptin levels in pediatric patients with Prader‐Willi syndrome
Authors: Buraso Chutdanaiphakorn , Wattanasirichaigoon Duangrurdee , Sae‐Chew Pattarana , Phoonlapdacha Phanphen , Dumrongwongsiri Oraporn , Sangcakul Areeporn , Suthutvoravut Umaporn , Chongviriyaphan Nalinee 
Published: June 2021

Zinc (Zn) is essential for normal growth and development in children. Patients with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) have morbid obesity and short stature. We conducted this cross‐sectional study to determine levels of plasma Zn, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (leptin sR), and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) in pediatric patients with PWS.We enrolled 3 groups of children aged 2–15 years: 12 diagnosed with PWS, 18 with exogenous obesity, and 18 healthy with normal weight for height as controls. Levels of plasma Zn, leptin, leptin sR and serum CRP were measured.The PWS group had lower plasma Zn than the exogenous obesity and control groups (9.0±1.5, 12.1±3.1, 15.0±2.9 μmol/L, respectively; p=0.006 and p<0.001). Zn deficiency was found in 83.3%, 38.9%, and none of those in the PWS, exogenous obesity, and control groups. The PWS group had higher CRP than the other 2 groups (7.1, 2.3, 1 mg/L, respectively; p=0.001 and p<0.001). The PWS group had higher leptin but lower leptin sR levels than the other 2 groups. Plasma Zn had negative correlations with CRP and leptin.In conclusion, pediatric patients with PWS had Zn deficiency, increased CRP levels, and leptin resistance. The results from our study suggest that pediatric patients with PWS have a risk of inflammatory process that may be associated with Zn deficiency.This study was funded by the Nutrition Association of Thailand (Nestle Nutrition Institute Research Award)
Acid‐lowering Agent Use and Vitamin B12 Status Among Puerto Rican Adults
Authors: Xiao Rui , Reeves Katherine W. , Bertone‐Johnson Elizabeth , Noel Sabrina E. , Tucker Katherine L. 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin B12 deficiency affects approximately 6% of adults over 60 years of age and is associated with several chronic diseases. Puerto Ricans are the second largest Hispanic subgroup in the US and have been identified as having excess chronic conditions. Prior studies suggest that use of acid‐lowering agents (ALAs) may be associated with increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, but this relationship has not been examined among Puerto Ricans. We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis to evaluate the relationship between ALA use and vitamin B12 status among 1390 Puerto Rican adults aged 45–75 years. Serum B12 and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations were assayed from blood samples. B12 deficiency was defined as Serum B12 < 200 pg/mL or < 350 pg/mL plus MMA >; 270 pM/ml. The prevalence of B12 deficiency was 8.2%, but greater in older than in younger adults (11.8% for 60–75 y, and 7.2% for 45–60 y). Current ALA users tended to have lower serum B12 concentrations as compared to nonusers (P=0.25), but ALA use was not significantly associated with prevalence of B12 deficiency in the full sample. When examined in non‐supplement users (n=1343), vitamin B12 deficiency is prevalent in this population and may be aggravated by ALA use without concomitant use of vitamin B12 supplements.This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants P01 AG023394 and P50 HL105185.Grant Funding Source: National Institutes of Health grants P01 AG023394 and P50 HL105185
Trajectories of an unhealthy dietary pattern from 1991 to 2006 and diabetes in Chinese adults: A new approach to study longitudinal diet
Authors: Ruvalcaba Carolina Batis , Popkin Barry 
Published: June 2021

We used an innovative technique to capture trajectories of a dietary pattern and assess their relationship to diabetes. We included 4780 adults with 3 to 6 waves of diet data (1991 to 2006) and HbA1c measure in 2009 from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Diet was assessed by a household food inventory and three 24‐h recalls. We used Reduced Rank Regression (SAS 9.3) to identify a dietary pattern in 2006 that positively predicted HbA1c (high in wheat flour, buns & breads, cookies, pastries & deep‐fried wheat, corn, and soy‐milk; and low in rice, fresh leafy vegetables and lard & butter). A score for this pattern was estimated for each subject at each wave. We used Latent class trajectory analysis (Mplus 6) to group subjects that share similar trajectories of their dietary pattern's score over time. We estimated the prevalence ratio (PR) for diabetes (HbA1c ≥6.5) adjusting by age, gender, geographical region and education:The results provide insights into how the trajectory of an unhealthy dietary pattern affects diabetes. The highest prevalence was among those that started high and increase their score over time (# 2); whereas those that started even higher, but had an important decrease over time (# 5) had a prevalence close to those that remained low the entire follow‐up (# 1).

Trajectory
PR (95% CI)

#
intercept
slope

1
−1.2
0.03
1

2
1.8
0.08
2.3 (1.5, 3.6)

3
1.4
0.00
1.9 (1.4, 4.5)

4
0.0
0.02
1.3 (0.9, 1.8)

5
2.9
−0.19
1.2 (0.7, 2.3)

Grant Funding Source: CONACYT (grant 212018), NIH (R01‐ HD30880), the Fogarty International Center (D43‐TW009077)
Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) Will Capture Information from Dietary Supplement (DS) Labels
Authors: Saldanha Leila G , Dwyer Johanna T , Bailen Richard A , Chang Florence F , Andrews Karen W , Bailey Regan L , Betz Joseph M , Burt Vicki L , Costello Rebecca B , Emenaker Nancy J , Gahche Jaime J , Hardy Constance J , Pehrsson Pamela R , Roseland Janet M 
Published: June 2021

>;50,000 different DS products are offered for sale in the U.S. and ~50% of adults consume DS regularly.ObjectiveTo develop a public and user searchable database containing label information from virtually all DS products offered for sale in the U.S., with a Web‐based user interface providing ready access to the data.MethodAn ad hoc Federal Working Group provides guidance on the collection, classification, and handling of information from DS labels.ResultsDatabase information reflects what is printed on product labels and is publicly available through the National Library of Medicine (NLM) web portal. The name and form of active and inactive ingredients, amount(s) of active ingredient(s), and information about the manufacturer/distributor of products, label claims, warning statements, and percent of daily value will be captured, along with a photograph of the label. Software applications will eventually be added that will permit simple and enhanced search options enabling users to locate specific terms in any DS label field, along with a user interface designed to help users quickly find and sort information and links to other databases such as MedlinePlus®, PubMed® and NIH fact sheets.ConclusionDSLD will serve as a resource for population‐based surveys and other epidemiological studies. Funding: Office of Dietary Supplements and National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health
Trends in consumption and purchases of products sweetened with caloric and low‐calorie sweeteners among U.S. households, 2000–2010
Authors: Piernas Carmen , Ng Shu Wen , Popkin Barry M 
Published: June 2021

Current food databases might not capture rapid changes in the food supply, such as increased use of both caloric (CS) and low‐calorie sweeteners (LCS) in products.Using the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2000–10 (n=523,445) and NHANES 2003–10 (n=36,802), we explored trends in purchases and intake of foods and beverages containing LCS, CS or both (LCS+CS) among U.S. households (HH); as well as SES and HH predictors of these patterns. We estimated percapita intake and purchases (ml/day); and % consumers and % HHs purchasing products containing LCS, CS or LCS+CS. We estimated change in purchases associated with SES and HH variables using average marginal effects from random‐effects longitudinal models.From 2000–2011, trends in per capita intake and purchases decreased for CS products, but increased for LCS products. In particular, per capita and % HH purchasing LCS+CS products increased among all types of HH and particularly among HH with children. Factors such as African‐American HH; Hispanic HH and presence of children were associated with increased % of CS purchases (+11%; +4%; +3% resp., P<0.001) and decreased % of LCS daily beverage purchases (−14%; −6%; −2% resp., P<0.001). Higher income was associated with decreased CS (−2.4%, P<0.001) and increased LCS +1.3%, P<0.001) daily beverage purchases.We found unique trends in products containing LCS+CS, which are rising particularly among HH with children.Grant Funding Source: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Grant 70017; National Institutes of Health R01‐HD030880 R01‐ HL104580 R01‐HL114091 R01‐HL108427
Use of human milk in U.S. advanced care neonatal units
Authors: Perrine Cria G , Scanlon Kelley S 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe American Academy of Pediatrics recommends all preterm infants receive human milk.MethodsWe analyzed CDC's national Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) survey from 2007, 2009, and 2011 to describe the prevalence of infants in U.S. advanced care (special/level2 or intensive/level 3 NICU) neonatal units routinely receiving human milk, and the use of any donor milk in these units. mPINC is a census of all facilities providing maternity care, so no statistical tests were done.ResultsIn 2007, 21.2% of hospitals reported most infants (≥90%) were routinely provided human milk in advanced care units, compared to 26.7% in 2009 and 30.8% in 2011. States in the northwest and northeast had a higher prevalence of hospitals routinely providing human milk to most infants in advanced care units. In 2007, 11.5% of hospitals providing advanced care used banked donor milk, compared to 14.4% in 2009 and 22.0% in 2011. Most of this increase occurred in intensive care units (25.1% 2007 vs. 45.2% 2011). There was substantial geographic variation in the prevalence of advanced care units using donor milk; generally the prevalence was higher in the west and in states with a milk bank in the state or neighboring state.ConclusionThe use of human milk in U.S. advanced care neonatal units is increasing; however, only one‐third of these units are routinely providing human milk to most infants.
Effect of Seven Week’ s Diet Program for Woman on Body Weight Loss and Health related Index in KOREA
Authors: Koo Jae ok , Park Hee Jung 
Published: June 2021

This study was carried out to analyze the effect of diet program on weight loss, eating habit, health related index. The subjects were 415 participants of the 7weeks (20times participation program). The data was collected by questionnaire, measuring weight and health related index by basic somatometry. The average age, height, weight and BMI were 28.6 years, 162.1cm, 62.8kg and 23.9kg/m2, respectively. Their body types by BMI were under weight(1.2%), normal(45.8%), overweight(24.8%), mild obesity(22.7%) and obesity(5.5%). The rates of over weight and mild obesity group significantly decreased 11.4% and 9.3% and the rate of normal group was increased 18.9% during the program. There average weight significantly reduced 2.7kg on 10th and 4.6kg on 20th, and 1.03kg/m2on 10th and 1.75kg/m2 on 20th. There was significant difference of stress index, fatigue index between improving weight and no change group. There were positive change in stress(4.6%), in fatigue(43.9%), health index(54.5%) of the subjects, during the program. In conclusion, the weight loss program was effective on the weight loss and BMI reduction eating habit.Grant Funding Source: Korea National Open University 2011
Comparison of visceral fat measured by magnetic resonance imaging and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in women
Authors: Li Shengqi , Ozias Marlies K , Carlson Susan E , Li Cheng , Lin Ping‐Chang , Schmitt Allan , Hull Holly R 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine if differences exist between visceral fat (VF) estimations from the newly developed equations by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsVisceral fat was measured in 13 women (18–45 years) at 2 weeks postpartum by DXA and MRI on the same day. Absolute weight of VF measured by MRI and DXA was compared using a paired t‐test. Bland‐Altman analysis was used to assess bias and regression analysis was used to determine the agreement between the two methods. Measurements were considered accurate if the regression between MRI and DXA had a slope not significantly different from one and an intercept not significantly different from zero. Statistical significance was set as p ≤ 0.05.ResultsDifferences in the mean values were found between DXA and MRI (444.0 g vs. 132.1 g, respectively; p < 0.001). The regression of VF measured by MRI against DXA (y = 16.554 + 0.260x, r2 = 0.921, SEE = 38.270 g, p < 0.001) deviated from the line of identity. Bland‐Altman analysis revealed bias between VF estimations from DXA when compared to MRI (r2 = 0.974, p < 0.001).ConclusionWe found poor agreement between VF estimated by DXA and VF estimated by MRI. Further research in a larger sample is needed to verify our results.Grant Funding Source: Sam E. & Mary F. Roberts Endowment, NIH grants S10 RR029577 and UL1 TR000001
Recommended Daily Caloric Intake
Authors: Bernardin Charles P. , Moller Aage 
Published: June 2021

Using recent advances in Predictive Calorimetry due to Mifflin's equation (1990), we derive an accurate standard for daily caloric intake for adults who wish to maintain a healthy Body Mass Index (BMI). Although the USDA publishes recommendations for daily intake of macronutrients, at this time there is no specific recommendation for total daily caloric intake. Yet, there is no single variable in nutrition more important in controlling obesity than daily caloric intake. Our recommendation is that this standard should be the daily caloric intake needed to maintain a BMI of 25. The results of this study are presented in two Calorie tables (one for US men and another for US women) and as one simple equation that closely approximates the caloric values in these tables:
urn:x-wiley:08926638:media:fsb2fasebj271supplement8542:fsb2fasebj271supplement8542-math-0001
where RDCI is Recommended Daily Caloric Intake and has units of kcal, Height is in units of inches, and Age is given in years. We apply this standard for a range of heights and ages that span the majority of the US adult population and demonstrate that it is best described as a set of iso‐calorie contours which significantly limit the caloric intake of normal weight individuals as they age. To maintain a BMI of 25, we show that 80 year old people need to consume almost 20% less than they could when they were twenty. We recommend that overweight people wanting to maintain a healthier weight begin by estimating their specific energy needs as defined by their RDCI.
Energy expenditure of military helicopter air crews during combat missions assessed by modified factorial method.
Authors: Tharion William J. , Yokota Miyo 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo estimate metabolic energy expenditures (EEs) during aviation soldiers’ workday while in Iraq or Afghanistan.MethodsMale helicopter crew members (n = 18) with combat flying experience were studied. Volunteers were age: 35 ± 8 yrs; wt: 87 ± 10 kg; ht: 177 ± 7 cm; combat missions flown: 174 ± 115 missions (χ̄ ± SD). Focus groups of 4 to 7 participants were held and video‐taped. Participants described in detail each activity during their last combat mission. The focus group method allowed participants to confirm or contrast their activities with those of other group members participating in the same or similar missions. Videos were transcribed and a timeline of activities to the nearest minute were generated. EEs were estimated using the factorial method: [Body Wt (kg)] × [Time of Activity (min)] × [Activity Level (MET)], comparing each activity to the closest activity listed in Ainsworth et al.'s (1993, 2000) compendia of physical activities.ResultsEstimated EE of these aviator soldiers was 3400 ± 1400 kcal during their 13.0 ± 3.5 hr in‐theatre mission.ConclusionThis modified post‐hoc factorial method provided useful estimates of EE of soldiers who were not available for study in theater. EEs are used to estimate nutritional requirements and heat strain in these aviator soldiers.Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command.
Partial Least Squares Regression Discriminated High and Low Total Weight Loss Groups in Overweight and Obese Adults Consuming an Energy Restricted Diet.
Authors: Piccolo Brian D , Gertz Erik R , Woodhouse Leslie R , Souza Elaine , Demmer Elieke , Keim Nancy L , Adams Sean H , Newman John W , Van Loan Marta D 
Published: June 2021

Multivariate analysis can reduce data to lower dimensional graphics that display group clusters not observed with other techniques. We used PCA and PLS to interpret data from a controlled feeding trial with an energy restricted diet in 71 overweight and obese adults. Clinical, endocrine, and inflammatory markers, body composition, and energy intake and energy expenditure measurements were included in the analyses. Analyses were conducted in R (ver 2.11.1). PCA found two clusters of participants by sex when post‐intervention data were plotted on the first two components. Subsequent PLS analysis of the sex adjusted data discriminated participants grouped by high and low weight loss along Latent Variable 1 (LV1) and LV2. Loadings related to low weight loss included total fat mass, blood lipids and sedentary activity. Loadings related to higher weight loss included physical activity. PLS projections indicated that subjects who had greater weight loss engaged in more physical activity. Since subjects maintained normal activities, our results suggest innate person‐to‐person differences in sedentary behavior and physical activity have a large impact on weight loss even with a highly‐controlled weight loss paradigm.Funding: National Dairy Council; USDA, ARS, WHNRC; Dairy Council of California; CTSC, University of California (1M01RR19975–01), National Center for Medical Research (UL1 RR024146)