bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in use of remotely sensed data in wetlands assessment and monitoring in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ngwenya Keto , Marambanyika Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper assesses trends in use of earth observation data in wetland conditions monitoring and assessment in Zimbabwe from 1980 to 2019. Reviewed literature shows academia and research institutions (69.8%), government agencies (14%) and international development partners (16.3%) as the main users of remotely sensed data in wetland ecological assessments and monitoring. There is more reliance by the abovementioned stakeholders on freely available low‐cost resolution imagery from Landsat (62.9%) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (14.3%). Other stakeholders, however, are reliant on high‐resolution imagery like Rapid Eye (5.7%) and aerial photography (11.4%). Satellite images in wetland management in Zimbabwe are used for land use land cover change detection (42.1%), vegetation health monitoring (21.1%), water quantity monitoring (5.3%), water quality monitoring (13.2%) and wetland mapping (18.4%). The identified challenges faced by different stakeholders to effectively utilise EO data include high cost of high‐resolution imageries, limited expertise, inadequate equipment and software. Since the cost of high‐resolution satellite imagery mainly constraints the acquisition of suitable satellite data to assess the small wetlands that dominate Zimbabwe's landscape, there is need to promote use of recently launched freely available high‐resolution Sentinel data to improve the ecological assessment of wetland conditions.
Remote sensing of aboveground grass biomass between protected and non‐protected areas in savannah rangelands
Authors: Dube Timothy , Shoko Cletah , Gara Tawanda W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurate information on the amount of aboveground grass biomass (AGBg) stored in savannah rangelands remains unknown. Therefore, in this study we assessed the capability of a new multispectral sensor (Landsat‐8 OLI) in estimating aboveground grass biomass stored within two different land use management units in savannah rangelands using the stepwise multiple linear regression methods. Specifically, we evaluated the performance of different Landsat‐8 OLI derivatives (i.e. (a) spectral bands, (b) derived vegetation indices and (c) a combination of spectral bands and vegetation indices) to quantify aboveground grass biomass. The results highlighted that the use of spectral bands as stand‐alone model variables yielded considerably high accuracies in terms of the coefficient of determination (r2) and the root mean square error (RMSE). An r2 of 0.73 (72.81%) and RMSE of 37.88% for the protected area and an r2 of 0.75 (75.18%) and with a RMSE of 33.16% for the nonprotected area were attained. The use of vegetation indices, however, demonstrated a very weak model performance yielding an r2 of 0.31 (30.68%) and a RMSE of 51.51%, for the protected area and an r2 of 0.50 (50.43%) and RMSE of 40% for the nonprotected areas. Comparatively, combining Landsat‐8 OLI derived spectral bands and vegetation indices demonstrated improved model performance, yielding an r2 of 0.92 (91.90%), and RMSE of 41.3% for the protected area and an r2 of 0.94 (93.82%) with a RMSE of 33.14% for the nonprotected area. Therefore based on the observed results, AGBg in savannah rangelands can be satisfactorily estimated using broadband multispectral derivatives.
The Making and Unmaking of a Megaproject: Contesting Temporalities along the LAPSSET Corridor in Kenya
Authors: Aalders Johannes Theodor , Bachmann Jan , Knutsson Per , Musembi Kilaka Benard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we show how communities in Northern Kenya proactively engage an unfolding megaproject and the temporalities it evokes—the Lamu Port South Sudan Ethiopia Transport Corridor (LAPSSET). We argue that the latitude communities have in contending with megaprojects is broader and more dynamic than passive reception of or outright resistance against the futures promised. By introducing the concepts of entangling and fraying, we emphasise the agency communities create for themselves by appreciating their strategies and expressions of stabilising or troubling the “megaproject”. While entangling refers to practices through which communities attach additional features to an otherwise rather stable vision of its “meganess”, fraying, in contrast, describes the strands that splice off towards different spatio‐temporal imaginaries. We discuss these practices in four instances of engaging LAPSSET: constructing temporary homes at project sites; engaging in land reform; disputing land acquisition at oil exploration sites; and contesting a planned resort city.
Meta‐humanization enhances positive reactions to prosocial cross‐group interaction
Authors: Borinca Islam , Tropp Linda R. , Ofosu Nana 
Published: March 2021

The present research investigated whether learning that an outgroup humanizes the ingroup (i.e., meta‐humanization) enhances how people react to intergroup prosocial behaviours and their willingness to engage in intergroup contact. In three experiments conducted in two cultural contexts (Kosovo and North Macedonia; n = 601), we manipulated meta‐humanization by informing participants that their ingroup is perceived to be as human as the outgroup by outgroup members. We compare this meta‐humanization condition with a meta‐dehumanization condition in which the participant's ingroup is perceived to be less human than the outgroup (Experiments 1 and 3), a meta‐liking condition in which the participant's ingroup is liked as much as the outgroup (Experiment 2), and a control condition (Experiments 1 and 2). Overall, results showed that participants in the meta‐humanization condition attributed more empathy and prosocial motives to a potential outgroup helper and were more willing to accept outgroup help and engage in future intergroup contact than participants in the other conditions. In addition, positive perceptions of the outgroup helper mediated the effect of meta‐humanization on willingness to accept outgroup help and engage in intergroup contact. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for intergroup relations and reconciliation efforts.
Different elevational environments dictate contrasting patterns of niche evolution in NeotropicalPithecopustreefrog species
Authors: Bandeira Lucas Nicioli , Villalobos Fabricio , Werneck Fernanda P. , Peterson A. Townsend , Anciães Marina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how species’ ecological niches evolve can shed light on observed large‐scale biogeographic patterns, temporal range shifts, and the potential ability for species to cope with climate changes. Here, we investigated climatic niche evolution in the Neotropical treefrog genusPithecopusby testing for phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC). We first evaluated niche overlap patterns based on pairwise niche comparisons of sister species pairs inferred from two alternative topologies for the genus, where higher niche overlap for those pairs compared to random species pairs would represent evidence of PNC. Second, we evaluated phylogenetic conservatism of climatic niches by fitting evolutionary models for niche position and niche breadth across the two alternative phylogenetic trees for the genus. Sister species pairs did not show higher mean niche overlap when compared to random pairs. Comparisons considering species’ elevational habitats, on the other hand, showed that lowland sister species had greater niche overlap and montane species lower overlap than expected given the prevailing environmental conditions in each habitat, suggesting different evolutionary histories of niche differentiation for species with different elevational ranges. The best fit of niche position and breadth to both stasis and drift models supported the existence of PNC. We conclude that evolution of climatic niches inPithecopussuggests overall PNC and that the contrasting patterns found for lowland and mountainous species reinforce the importance of considering the effects of habitat type in understanding climatic niches dynamics.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 3 is implicated in BBB injury via the CCL2‐CCR2 axis following acute intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Dingkang , Gao Qiang , Wang Fang , Peng Qianrui , Wang Guoqing , Wei Qingjie , Lei Shixiong , Zhao Shengqi , Zhang Longxiao , Guo Fuyou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a catastrophic cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Evidence demonstrated that sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor (S1PR) plays a vital role in inflammatory damage via the upregulation of CCL2 expression. However, whether S1PR3 is involved in blood‐brain barrier (BBB) breakdown via CCL2 activation after ICH has not been described.MethodsWe investigated the expression profiles of all S1PRs using high‐throughput RNA‐seq analysis and RT‐PCR. The potential role of S1PR3 and interaction between S1PR3 and CCL2 were evaluated via Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. BBB disruption was examined via magnetic resonance imaging, transmission electron microscopy, and Evans blue extravasation. Microglial activation, proliferation, and polarization were assessed via histopathological analysis. The expression levels of CCL2, p‐p38 MAPK, ICAM‐1, and ZO‐1 were examined in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe present results showed that the levels of S1PR3 and its ligand, sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P), were dramatically increased following ICH, which regulated the expression of CCL2 and p38MAPK. Moreover, reductions in brain edema volume, amelioration of BBB integrity, and improvements in behavioral deficits were achieved after the administration of CAY10444, an S1PR3 antagonist, to rats. Remarkably increased CCL2, p‐p38MAPK, and ICAM‐1 expression and decreased ZO‐1 expression were observed in cocultured human astrocytes (HAs) and hCMEC/D3 cells after S1P stimulation. However, the expression levels of CCL2, p‐p38 MAPK, and ICAM‐1 were decreased and ZO‐1 expression was increased after S1PR3 inhibition. In addition, microglial proliferation and M1 polarization were attenuated after CAY10444 administration.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the neuroprotective role of S1PR3 modulation in maintaining BBB integrity by inhibiting the S1PR3‐CCL2 axis after ICH, providing a novel treatment for ICH by targeting S1PR3.
A potential association of RNF219‐AS1 with ADHD: Evidence from categorical analysis of clinical phenotypes and from quantitative exploration of executive function and white matter microstructure endophenotypes
Authors: Fu Guang‐Hui , Chen Wai , Li Hai‐Mei , Wang Yu‐Feng , Liu Lu , Qian Qiu‐Jin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder of substantial heritability, yet emerging evidence suggests that key risk variants might reside in the noncoding regions of the genome. Our study explored the association of lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) with ADHD as represented at three different phenotypic levels guided by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework: (i) ADHD caseness and symptom dimension, (ii) executive functions as functional endophenotype, and (iii) potential genetic influence on white matter architecture as brain structural endophenotype.MethodsGenotype data of 107 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 10 candidate lncRNAs were analyzed in 1040 children with ADHD and 630 controls of Chinese Han descent. Executive functions including inhibition and set‐shifting were assessed by STROOP and trail making tests, respectively. Imaging genetic analyses were performed in a subgroup of 33 children with ADHD and 55 controls using fractional anisotropy (FA).ResultsOne SNP rs3908461 polymorphism in RNF219‐AS1 was found to be significantly associated with ADHD caseness: with C‐allele detected as the risk genotype in the allelic model (P = 8.607E‐05) and dominant genotypic model (P = 9.628E‐05). Nominal genotypic effects on inhibition (p = 0.020) and set‐shifting (p = 0.046) were detected. While no direct effect on ADHD core symptoms was detected, mediation analysis suggested that SNP rs3908461 potentially exerted an indirect effect through inhibition function [B = 0.21 (SE = 0.12), 95% CI = 0.02‐0.49]. Imaging genetic analyses detected significant associations between rs3908461 genotypes and FA values in corpus callosum, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, left posterior limb of internal capsule, left posterior thalamic radiate (include optic radiation), and the left anterior corona radiate (P FWE corrected < 0.05).ConclusionOur present study examined the potential roles of lncRNA in genetic etiological of ADHD and provided preliminary evidence in support of the potential RNF219‐AS1 involvement in the pathophysiology of ADHD in line with the RDoC framework.
A salt‐free pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam reactive dyeing process for cotton fabric and the influence of cationising conditions on its coloration
Authors: Yu Chengbing , Liu Yuanqiu , Lu Yilin , Tao Kaixin , Yi Zhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe salt‐free reactive dyeing of cotton fabric meets the need of the modern textile industry and overcomes the problems posed by salt usage. In this study, a pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam (PIPS) process for the salt‐free dyeing of cotton fabric with a reactive dye was applied. In this process, 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTMAC) was used to modify the fabric with cations under microwave heating. Then, the cationic fabric was dyed using a reactive dye. The influence of the cationising conditions in the PIPS process on the K/S value of the dyed cotton fabric was investigated. The results showed that the CHPTMAC concentration, the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide to CHPTMAC, the microwave irradiation power and the treatment time had significant effects on the dyeing of cotton fabric. Also, fastness to light, washing, and rubbing of the dyed cotton fabric was satisfactory.
Examining untreated and treated alcohol problem resolution in an Australian online survey sample
Authors: Mellor Richard , Lancaster Kari , Ritter Alison 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionWhile treatment is an effective way to resolve alcohol problems, many people resolve their alcohol problems in the absence of treatment. Just how many do so is not known and may vary based on the definition of treatment. Various estimates of untreated alcohol problem resolution were calculated in this study, and the differences between people who resolve their alcohol problems with or without treatment were explored in relation to sociodemographic variables, levels of alcohol consumption in the past 12 months and lifetime alcohol problem severity.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was administered to 719 people who had resolved an alcohol problem in Australia. Convenience sampling was used through a recruitment strategy targeted towards the general population via Facebook.ResultsAlmost half (49.8%) of all people who resolved their alcohol problem did so in the absence of alcohol treatment, whether specialist alcohol treatment, mutual‐aid services or digital support services. When accessing mental health treatment is included under the scope of ‘treatment’, this estimate dropped to 12.8%. The estimated odds of having accessed treatment increased with age and lifetime alcohol problem severity. Other sociodemographic variables, or levels of alcohol consumption in the past 12 months, were not significantly associated with treatment status.Discussion and ConclusionsIt might be beneficial to expand the scope of ‘treatment’ to include mental health services and focus on the development of cost‐effective and less intrusive standalone activities, which can expedite and support alcohol problem resolution for those who choose not to access specialist treatment.
The effect of phytic acid on enzymatic degradation of dentin
Authors: Forgione Diletta , Nassar Mohannad , Seseogullari‐Dirihan Roda , Thitthaweerat Suppason , Tezvergil‐Mutluay Arzu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of phytic acid on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐ or cysteine cathepsin (CC)‐mediated dentin degradation. Demineralized dentin beams were divided into five groups (n = 12) and treated with 1%, 2%, or 3% phytic acid or with 37% phosphoric acid. Untreated demineralized beams served as controls. After incubation for 1 or 3 wk, dry mass loss was determined and aliquots of incubation media were analysed for cross‐linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) fragments for MMP‐mediated and c‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) for cathepsin‐k‐mediated degradation. The direct effect of phytic acid was evaluated using MMP activity assay. Data were analysed using repeated‐measures anova. ICTP releases with 1% and 2% phytic acid treatment were statistically significantly lower than those following phosphoric acid treatment at 3 wk. The CTX release for phytic acid‐treated beams at 3 wk was not significantly different from that of untreated control beams, but it was significantly lower than that of phosphoric acid‐treated beams. Their MMP activities at 3 wk were not significantly different from those of the controls but they were significantly lower than those seen for phosphoric acid‐treated beams. Compared to phosphoric acid, phytic acid treatment resulted in a reduced dentinal host‐derived endogenous enzymatic activity and collagen degradation.
A novel cost‐sensitive algorithm and new evaluation strategies for regression in imbalanced domains
Authors: Sadouk Lamyaa , Gadi Taoufiq , Essoufi El Hassan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany real‐world data mining applications involve obtaining predictive models using imbalanced datasets. Frequently, the least common target variables present within datasets are associated with events that are highly relevant for end users. When these variables are nominal, we have a class‐imbalance problem which has been thoroughly studied within machine learning. As for regression tasks where target variables are continuous, few predictive models and evaluation techniques exist. This paper proposes a solution to these challenges. First, we introduce a cost‐sensitive learning algorithm based on a neural network trained on the minimization of a biased loss function. Results show a higher or comparable performance and convergence speed to existent techniques. Second, we develop new approaches for performance assessment of regression tasks within imbalanced domains by proposing new scalar measures, namely Geometric Mean Error (GME) and Class‐Weighted Error (CWE), as well as new graphical‐based measures, namely RECTPR, RECTNR, RECG − Mean and RECCWA curves. Unlike standard measures, our evaluation strategies are shown to be more robust to data imbalance as they reflect the performance of both rare and frequent events.
Flexible integrated scheduling algorithm based on remaining work probability selection coding
Authors: Gao Yilong , Xie Zhiqiang , Yang Dan , Yu Xu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAiming at the integrated scheduling problem of tree‐structured products with flexible machine selection, this article proposes a flexible integrated scheduling algorithm based on remaining work probability selection coding. The algorithm is based on the framework of a genetic algorithm. First, in order to ensure the diversity and goodness of the initial population, an encoding method based on remaining work probability selection is proposed. Second, two new different crossover and mutation methods are designed based on operation and position respectively, which ensure the legitimacy of the generated offspring individuals. Then, in order to enhance the searchability of the algorithm for an optimal solution of the problem, a local search strategy based on the machine is proposed. Finally, a simple and effective decoding method based on the idle period is given. The algorithm is tested by the existing instance and randomly generated instances. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm's solving speed and solution quality outperform other comparison algorithms.
Association of early initiation of dialysis with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality: A propensity score weighted analysis of the United States Renal Data System
Authors: Bozorgmehri Shahab , Aboud Hussain , Chamarthi Gajapathiraju , Liu I‐Chia , Tezcan Ozrazgat‐Baslanti , Shukla Ashutosh M. , Kazory Amir , Rupam Ruchi , Segal Mark S. , Bihorac Azra , Mohandas Rajesh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly initiation of maintenance hemodialysis has been associated with excess mortality in some studies, but the effects on cardiovascular (CV) mortality has not been studied. Moreover, whether the increased mortality is due to co‐morbidities or early initiation of dialysis is unclear. We used a propensity score weighted analysis of the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) to examine how the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at initiation of dialysis affects total and CV mortality.MethodsAssociation between tertiles of eGFR at initiation of hemodialysis and all‐cause and CV mortality were assessed in 676,196 adult patients who initiated hemodialysis between 2006 and 2014, using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) weighted multivariable regression models.ResultsThe intermediate (eGFR 8.7 to <13.0 mL/min) and early start groups (eGFR ≥13.0 mL/min) had a 42% and 93% increased all‐cause mortality, respectively compared to late (eGFR < 8.7), start group (unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.41–1.43 and HR = 1.93; 95%CI, 1.91–1.94, respectively). This association was attenuated but remained significant in propensity weighted multivariable analysis (adjusted HR = 1.13; 95%CI, 1.12–1.14 for intermediate and HR = 1.37; 95%CI, 1.36–1.39, for early start, respectively). The CV mortality was similarly increased (adjusted HR = 1.08; 95%CI, 1.07–1.10 and HR = 1.23; 95%CI, 1.21–1.24, for intermediate and early start, respectively). In patients with cystic kidney disease, all‐cause mortality was increased with early start, but there were no differences in CV mortality between groups.ConclusionsEarly initiation of dialysis is associated with increased all‐cause and CV mortality. Our observations support delaying hemodialysis according to the eGFR values.