bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The research and analysis of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Sun Binzhi , Wang Hexu , Yan Keming , Zhang Renyi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
HCCI represents homogeneous charge compression ignition. It is a cleaner, higher thermal efficiency, and higher fuel efficiency alternative combustion technology. This engine combines the advantages of diesel and gasoline engines so that the compression ratio of diesel engines can be achieved even when gasoline is used as fuel, and there is basically no NOx and soot emissions. However, the HCCI still has some problems such as ignition timing unstable, bad load and speed variation, and cold start capacity. Today, due to the above shortcomings, HCCI is still mainly researched and developed in the laboratory without mass production. The purpose of this paper is discussing the advantage and disadvantage of HCCI technique and analyse the operating principle to provide possible solution that will improve the quality of HCCI engine before the mass production of HCCI.
Visual positioning control of fuze detection manipulator
Authors: Zhang An , Ma Shaojie , Ding Libo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper designs a fuze automatic detection manipulator. Aiming at the problem of autonomous alignment and docking between operation manipulator and detection device, a visual positioning control algorithm for autonomous alignment between fuze and detection device based on fuzzy logic is proposed. Taking the relative position and deviation angle of fuze and detection device as control variables, a two-dimensional fuzzy controller is designed. Through the dynamic adjustment of the controller, the optimal motion parameters can be output. Compared with the traditional fuze detection method, the algorithm further improves the efficiency and positioning accuracy of fuze detection.
Dual Nozzle Weapon Power Couple Vibration Controller With Delayed Rear Nozzle
Authors: Chen Xiong , Qiu Ming , Song Jie , Ma Longxu , Liao Zhenqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the firing accuracy of barrel weapon is affected by the violent vibration during continuous firing, a double-nozzle vibration controller using the energy of gunpowder gas in the chamber is proposed. The synchronous external injection of the double nozzles of the controller is realized by the delayed ejection of the rear nozzles, so as to generate a power couple to balance the recoil flipping torque of the barrel weapon to achieve the stable firing effect of reducing the bore vibration. A double-nozzle vibration controller with a delayed rear nozzle for a chain gun is designed. The rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of a chain gun with a double-nozzles vibration controller was established considering the two-phase flow of propellant gas in the barrel and airway. The numerical simulation of the muzzle vibration characteristics of the original weapon and a chain gun equipped with a double-nozzles vibration controller is carried out respectively, and the effectiveness of the double-nozzles dynamic couple vibration controller for the continuous firing vibration control of the barrel weapon is verified.
Thermo-mechanical Processing for In-situ Cu-based Composites
Authors: Sheng Xiaochun , Jin Ying , Li Mulin , Shen Qi , Shen Zhi , Fu Kai , Huang Huiming , Liu Keming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In-situ Cu-based composites have been investigated extensively over the past decades because of their good conductivity and high strength. The preparation technologies of in-situ Cu-based composites mainly include casting of Cu alloys, initial heat treatment, hot deformation, cold deformation, intermediate and final heat treatment. This paper primarily researched the effect of thermo-mechanical processing such as initial heat treatment, hot deformation, cold deformation, intermediate and final heat treatments on the property and microstructure of in-situ Cu-based composites, analyzed the main role and mechanism of each thermo-mechanical processing, summarized the related research work and achievements, and prospected the future main research directions of the thermo-mechanical processing for in-situ Cu-based composites.
Analysis and Research on Cold Proof Design of Polar Marine Machinery
Authors: Yu Li , Guo Wenyong , Pan Xinglong , Chen Hantao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Polar marine machinery is an important equipment for China to participate in Arctic energy exploitation. The Arctic region is rich in natural resources and has a very important strategic position. As an important equipment for passage and exploitation of energy, its key technology is particularly important. As a special ship sailing in polar regions, polar ships generally adopt electric heat tracing measures due to the adverse environment in polar regions. The deck machinery and facilities shall be protected against cold. This paper mainly studies the convection of flat plate members under constant heat flow electric heating. The research results can be popularized and applied to the cold protection of most upper facilities of polar ships.
Effect of thermal barrier coating on thermal load of the rotor of the small aviation wankel engine
Authors: Yang Zhenghao , He Guangyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Due to its high-altitude, low-temperature, high-load, and air-cooled working environment, small aviation rotary engines have problems such as large component load and low heat dissipation efficiency. As the main moving part of the engine, the rotor is continuously exposed to the complex temperature field of the engine. As an effective high-temperature protective coating, the thermal barrier coating can isolate the heat load generated by the work of the combustion chamber and effectively improve the complex work condition of the triangular rotor. This paper takes the triangular rotor of a small aviation Wankel engine as the research object, and establishes the finite element model of the rotor and the coating. The engine thermodynamic simulation model is established by Simulink, and the combustion chamber temperature and heat transfer coefficient are calculated. The heat transfer coefficients of the other surfaces of the rotor were calculated by series thermal resistance, which were used as boundary conditions for finite element analysis of the rotor and the coating. The temperature field, stress field and deformation of the rotor before and after processing the thermal barrier coating are compared. The results showed that after the thermal barrier coating, the temperature of the rotor will drop by about 50K on average. The temperature of the pit and cooling hole of the rotor will drop by 17K and 16K respectively, and the temperature of the inner edge and side end surface of the sealing groove will drop by about 10K. The stress values at the inner side of the rotor seal groove, the inner cavity cooling hole, and the inner hole of the rotor are reduced by about 35.4MPa, 29.4MPa, 33.4MPa, respectively, and the stress value at the bonding layer is 150MPa, which is significantly higher than the stress value at the corresponding position of the original rotor, indicating that there is stress Concentration phenomenon. At the same time, the deformation at both ends of the rotor seal groove is reduced from 61.92μm to 52.55μm, and the difference in the axial deformation of each position is less than 3mm. It can be obtained that the thermal barrier coating can effectively reduce the radial deformation of the rotor and has little effect on the axial deformation of the rotor.
Research and design of gasoline generator inverter
Authors: Zhou Xiaoju , huang yun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper introduces the design of gasoline generator inverter. First of all, I made a simple introduction to the gasoline generator, and a detailed description of the inverter circuit respectively. Then the hardware and software design process of the system are described in detail. In the process of hardware design, I designed the whole circuit and each module, and made a printed circuit board. During the software design process, MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) is used to design an monitoring software of inverter. The software communicates with the main chip through a serial port to obtain and display the status of the inverter and set the parameters of the inverter. Finally, the test of the whole system is completed. The design has the advantages of good output waveform, comprehensive protection measures, low power consumption and low cost.
Photon radiation effects in kinematic reconstruction of top quarks
Authors: Dobur D. , Knolle J. , Mestdach G. , Skovpen K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Kinematic reconstruction of top quarks allows to define a
set of kinematic observables relevant to various physics processes
that involve top quarks and provides an additional handle for the
suppression of background events. Radiation of photons in
association with the top quarks alters the kinematics and the
topology of the event, leading to visible systematic effects in
measurable observables. The present study introduces an improved
reconstruction of the top quark kinematics in the presence of photon
radiation. The results are presented for processes with top quark
pair production, as well as for singly-produced top quarks.
Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical exhaled breath condensate samples for metabolomic analysis
Authors: Hu Shuang , McCartney Mitchell M , Arredondo Juan , Sankaran-Walters Sumathi , Borras Eva , Harper Richart W , Schivo Michael , Davis Cristina E , Kenyon Nicholas J , Dandekar Satya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is routinely collected and analyzed in breath research. Because it contains aerosol droplets, EBC samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals harbor the virus and pose the threat of infectious exposure. We report for the first time a safe and consistent method to fully inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in EBC samples and make EBC samples safe for processing and analysis. EBC samples containing infectious SARS-CoV-2 were treated with several concentrations of acetonitrile. The most commonly used 10% acetonitrile treatment for EBC processing failed to completely inactivate the virus in samples and viable virus was detected by the assay of SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in a biosafety level 3 laboratory. Treatment with either 50% or 90% acetonitrile was effective to completely inactivate the virus, resulting in safe, non-infectious EBC samples that can be used for metabolomic analysis. Our study provides SARS-CoV-2 inactivation protocol for the collection and processing of EBC samples in the clinical setting and for advancing to metabolic assessments in health and disease.
Chemical compaction of deep buried mudstone and its influence on pressure prediction
Authors: Chao Li , Xiaorong Luo , Likuan Zhang , Yuhong Lei , Ming Chen , Lan Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The chemical compaction of mudstones which is dominated by the transformation of clay minerals leads to significant changes in the mineral composition and microstructure of mudstone during process of deep burial. In particular, the transformation of smectite to illite in mudstones results in noticeable impact on the pore pressure formation and the overpressure logging responses. At present, the study about the pressurization mechanism of chemical compaction and the impact on overpressure logging responses is really weak, which made it hard to pore pressure identification and pressure prediction for deep buried formations. Taking the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Dongying depression of the Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China as typical case, this paper analyses the characteristics of clay mineral transformation of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying depression, the logging responses of overpressures, and the influence of chemical compaction on the prediction of pore pressure. The results showed that the chemical compaction of mudstones changes the relationship between the petrophysical properties of mudstone and vertical effective stress and the logging responses of overpressure. The typical characteristic of chemical compaction manifested as density increase continuous with the depth. The normal compaction trends of the different compaction stages are the basis for overpressure mechanisms identification and pore pressure prediction. The depth of the rapid transformation of clay minerals has a good consistency with the top of overpressure zone (2000–2800 m) in Dongying depression, which indicates that the overpressure and its logging responses may be related to the chemical compaction of mudstones. The measured pressure in intervals deeper than 3000 m is closer to the predicted pressure based on the normal compaction trend of chemical compaction.
Application of potassium nitrate to increase flower and seeds formation on different shallots varieties
Authors: Bakri A , Syam’un E , Musa Y , Ulfa F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of True Shallot Seeds (TSS) as an alternative planting material to produce quality shallots (Allium cepa L.), is constrained by the low formed of flowers and seeds. This study investigates the effect of potassium nitrate (KNO3) concentration on the flower and seeds formation of three shallots cultivars, and was conducted from September 2019 to January 2020 in District of West Sinjai, Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi, at 1250 m above sea level. The experiments was set up as split plots design and provided with 3 replications. The main plot was shallots varieties (Sanren, Superpilip, and Tajuk) and the subplot was PN dosage (0, 7, 9, and 11 g per plant). Experimental results revealed that interaction of PN and shallots varieties gave a significant effect onthe average number of flower buds, number of filled flower capsules, and seeds weight. Application of 11 g PN on Superpilip varieties was able to produce the highest average number of flower buds (63), number of filled flower capsules (66.62), and seed weight (4.4 grams). This finding concludes that application of 11 g potassium nitrate per plantinduce flowering and increase seeds production of shallots, however the results will vary depend on the varieties.
TOXICITY TEST (LD-50) of HERBAL PREPARATIONS Nepenthes ampularia AS The STANDARD of SECURITY of JAMU HYPERTENSION
Authors: Mardhiana  , Rand Abdul , Harlinda K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The excavation of the potential utilization of herbs as a plant biopharma or as a material to manufacture. There is empirical evidence that Nepenthes has been used as a lowering of hypertension by taking a decoction of its pitchers. For the use and utilization as a medicinal plant need to be done research that refers to the scientifically certified Jamu. The research aims to detect acute toxic effects so that can be obtained the water safety overview Nepenthes pitchers. The toxicity test was carried out by the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Artemia salina larva with four extract concentrations (0, 10, 500, 1000 ppm). Based on the results of toxic tests showed that the death rate of A. salina at all levels of concentration is 0 deaths. It is evidence that Nepenthes ampularia is not toxic to A. salina..
Analysis of Vortex Development over Eastern Indian Ocean using Potential Vorticity
Authors: Damayanti R P , Trilaksono N J , Abdillah M R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A vortex phenomenon may have a significant influence, especially on wind circulation patterns and extreme weather in Indonesia. The formation of the vortex, initially located over the eastern part of the Indian Ocean has drawn attention due to the highest frequency of its occurrence and as the source of the vortex over the Indonesian region. Vortices generated in this region is also suspected as one of contributing factor for flooding events at Jakarta in 2002 and 2007, studying both formation and development mechanism of these vortices is essential. The evolution of vortex development is investigated to characterize the vortex motion and development pattern in the Eastern Indian Ocean region. The study was conducted for 17 years starting from 1998 to 2016 on every December-January-February (DJF) period using ECMWF (European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast) ERA-Interim Reanalysis data. The analysis of vortex evolution was conducted for each event using a composite evolution of potential vorticity anomalies in the isentropic layer. The result shows 84 vortex systems identified with three characteristic patterns of vortex movement that occurred during 295 days of the observation period. Composite analysis of potential vorticity anomalies shows that the initial formation of vortices in the Eastern Indian Ocean is related to the emergence of negative potential vorticity anomalies from the west, which subsequently forming the vortices.
Influence of QBO-MJO connection on the turbulence variation in the TTL observed with equatorial atmosphere radar
Authors: Rosyidah A N , Trilaksono N J , Noersomadi  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric turbulence triggers vertical transport of heat and material exchange within troposphere and the stratosphere known as Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (STE). This phenomenon occurs in Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL), a transition layer within 14-18.5 km. The state of TTL is the key to understand how phenomena in the troposphere and stratosphere interact. The interaction between Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), a zonal wind oscillation in stratosphere, and Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) defined as an eastward moving disturbance of convective system in the previous study is closely linked in boreal winter. This study presents the variation of turbulence intensity toward QBO-MJO interaction in TTL calculated from spectral width observed with Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) located in Agam, West Sumatra (0.2°S, 100.32°E). Analysis is focused on the extended boreal winter period. Turbulence intensity (σturb) in TTL tends to have an inversely proportional value toward zonal wind in 50 hPa. Generally, enhancement of turbulence intensity is observed on active phase MJO. Zonal wind and vertical wind are stronger in active phase MJO occurred in QBOE than QBOW that can lead to increase turbulence intensity in TTL. These parameters intensification is associated with stronger convective and precipitation system during QBOE-MJO that is caused by more unstable atmosphere.
The Use of Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) of Disdrometer and Weather Radar to Determine the Microphysics Characteristics of Extreme Rainfall in Jakarta. (Jakarta Flood Case Study February 25, 2020)
Authors: Putra I D G A , Sopaheluwakan A , Adi B P , Sudama K A , Rizal J , Heriyanto E , Hidayanto N , Permana D S , Riama N F , Soleh L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Heavy rains on February 24, 2020, caused flooding in most parts of Jakarta and its surroundings. The one-day observation of accumulated rainfall from the Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) was recorded at 358.6 mm/day at the Kemayoran station on February 25, 2020, at 00.00 UTC (07.00 Jakarta Time). In this study, analysis of the microphysical characteristics of extreme rainfall using LPM installed at Kemayoran meteorology station and weather radar at Cengkareng meteorology station with a spatial radius of 250 km. LPM is used to measure the diameter of the raindrops, the velocity of falling raindrops, LPM reflectivity, and the amount of accumulated rainfall with time resolution per minute and stored in excel data format. While the weather radar is used to measure the reflectivity spatially and temporally in the data volume format (.vol). The method used is, first, to find the relationship between LPM reflectivity and the amount of LPM rainfall with regression analysis. Second, the radar reflectivity is converted into estimated rainfall intensity for the Jakarta area and its surroundings. The results of this study found a relationship between LPM reflectivity (X) and rainfall accumulation LPM (Y) to form a regression relationship with the formula Y = 0.013X with R2 = 0.3777. Based on the record of the LPM time series, the peak of rainfall occurred at 18.17 UTC with 1000 raindrops, the maximum fall speed was 10 m/s, and the maximum diameter is 8.5 millimeters. Based on the results of microphysical measurements of LPM, spatial plots, and vertical cross-section radar, it can be concluded that flooding in Jakarta is due to heavy rain from convective clouds.
High-Resolution North Sulawesi Drought Hazzard Mapping Based on Consecutive Dry Days (CDD)
Authors: Setiawan A M , Syafrianno A A , Rahmat R , Supari  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
North Sulawesi is one of the Province in northern Indonesia with high spatial annual rainfall variations and influenced by global climate anomaly that can lead to extreme events and disaster occurrence, such as flood, landslide, drought, etc. The purpose of this study is to generate high-resolution meteorological hazard map based on long-term historical consecutive dry days (CDD) over the North Sulawesi region. CDD was calculated based on observed daily precipitation data from Indonesia Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) surface observation station network (CDDobs) and the daily-improved Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) version 2.0 (CDDCHIRPS) during 1981 – 2010 period. The Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) data obtained from iTacs (Interactive Tool for Analysis of the Climate System) with the same time scale period also used to explain physical – dynamical atmospheric properties related to drought hazard over this region. The Geostatistical approach using regression kriging method was applied as spatial interpolation technique to generate high resolution gridded (0.05° × 0.05°) drought hazard map. This method combines a regression of CDDobs as dependent variable (target variable) on CDDCHIRPS as predictors with kriging of the prediction residuals. The results show that most of the areas were categorized as medium drought hazard level with CDD values ranging from 80-100 days. Meanwhile, small islands around main Sulawesi island such as Sangihe and Karakelong island are dominated by low drought hazard levels with CDD values ranging from 50-60 days. The highest levels of drought hazard area are located in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency.
Spatiotemporal Variation of Drought Characteristics Based on Standardized Precipitation Index in Central Java over 1990-2010
Authors: Misnawati  , Boer R , Ramdhani F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Drought is a natural hazard that results from a deficiency of precipitation, leading to low soil moisture and river flows, reduced storage in reservoirs, and less groundwater recharge. This study investigates the spatial variations of drought characteristics (drought event frequency, duration, severity, and intensity). This study using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to analyse the drought characteristics in Central Java during 1990-2010. The rain gauge station data and CHIRPS rainfall data over Central Java is used to calculate the SPI index. The SPI was calculated at multiple timescales (1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24- and 48-month), the run theory was used for identification and characterization of drought events. Analysis of drought characteristics by SPI from 1990 to 2010 shows the longest drought event is four months, the maximum drought severity is 6.06, and the maximum drought intensity is 2.02. El Nino year probability drought occurrence reached 100% in August for moderate drought, severe drought, and extreme drought category, whereas the probability drought occurrences in the Normal and La Nina year range 0-70% for moderate drought, 0-50% for severe drought category and 0-40% for extreme drought category. The results of this study may help inform researchers and local policymakers to develop strategies for managing drought.