bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of conscientiousness on procrastination: The interaction between the self‐control and motivation neural pathways
Authors: Gao Kanxin , Zhang Rong , Xu Ting , Zhou Fan , Feng Tingyong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProcrastination is a prevalent and universal problematic behavior, largely impairing individual's health, wealth and well‐being. Substantial studies have confirmed that conscientiousness, one of the big five personality, showed markedly inverse relation with procrastination. However, it is hitherto unknown about the neural basis underlying the impact of conscientiousness on procrastination. To address this issue, we employed the voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) methods to explore the neural substrates of conscientiousness responsible for procrastination (N = 330). In line with previous findings, the behavioral results showed a strong negative correlation between conscientiousness and procrastination (r = −.75). The VBM analysis found that conscientiousness was positively correlated with gray matter (GM) volumes in the left dorsal‐lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), right orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and right putamen, but negatively correlated with that in the left insula. Moreover, the RSFC results revealed that both dlPFC‐IPL (inferior parietal lobule) and dlPFC‐PCC (posterior cingulate gyrus) functional connectivity were positively associated with conscientiousness, while the functional connectivity of parahippocampal gyrus (PHC)‐putamen and insula‐IPL were negatively associated with conscientiousness. More importantly, the structural equation modeling (SEM) integrating RSFC results were well fitted for the influence process of conscientiousness on procrastination by both self‐control (i.e., dlPFC‐IPL, dlPFC‐PCC) and motivation pathways (i.e., PHC‐putamen, insula‐IPL). The current findings suggest that self‐control and motivation could be the two neural pathways underlying the impact of conscientiousness on procrastination, which provides a new perspective to understand the relationship between conscientiousness and procrastination.
What is the best method for prevention of postparotidectomy Frey syndrome? Network meta‐analysis
Authors: Mashrah Mubarak Ahmed , Aldhohrah Taghrid , Abdelrehem Ahmed , Koraitim Mohamed , Wang Liping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevention of Frey syndrome (FS) after parotidectomy using an interposition barrier has long been gaining a wide popularity; however, there is no clear evidence regarding which preventive technique is more effective. The aim of this network meta‐analysis (NMA) is to answer the question: What is the best method for prevention of FS after parotidectomy?MethodsA comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library was conducted to identify the eligible studies. The outcome was the incidence of subjective Frey syndrome (SFS) and objective Frey syndrome (OFS). The Bayesian NMA accompanied with a random effects model and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) were calculated using GeMTC R package.ResultsThirty‐four studies (n = 2987 patients) with five interventions, namely Alloderm (ADM), temporoparietal fascia (TPF), sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and free fat graft (FFG), were compared together and with no interposition barrier (NB). The results of NMA showed a statistically significant reduction in both SFS and OFS when ADM, TPF, SMAS, FFG, and SCM were compared with NB. No statistical differences were observed when comparing ADM, SCM, SMAS, FFG, and TPF. TPF ranked the best of all treatments (59.4%) and was associated with the least incidence of SFS; whereas ADM ranked the best of all treatments (61.1%) and was associated with the least incidence of OFS.ConclusionsAll interventions (TPF flap, ADM, FFG, SMAS, and SCM) were associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of FS when compared with NB. TPF and ADM showed the best outcome with the least incidence of SFS and OFS, respectively.
Laryngeal soft tissue sarcoma: Systematic review and individual patient data analysis of 300 cases
Authors: Ramdulari Anjali V. , Izzuddeen Yousra , Benson Rony , Mallick Supriya , Venkatesulu Bhanuprasad , Giridhar Prashanth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundLaryngeal sarcoma is rare. We performed a systematic review and individual patient analysis to evaluate the patterns of care, prognostic factors, and role of radiotherapy in laryngeal soft tissue sarcoma.MethodsA systematic search on PubMed and Google scholar was done. An individual patient data analysis was done.ResultsOf the 300 cases of laryngeal sarcoma, 80% underwent surgery. 44% underwent larynx preservation surgery and 25% received radiotherapy with surgery. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 48 months and overall survival (OS) of 224 months for the entire cohort. Patients with large primary, cartilage invasion, and positive margins had numerically worse PFS. Cartilage invasion and primary tumor size >3 cm were the most common risk factors for adjuvant radiation therapy. Patients receiving radiotherapy were not associated with better survival.ConclusionLaryngeal sarcoma associated with a good survival. Larynx preservation surgery is feasible in nearly half patients. Adjuvant radiotherapy may be warranted in patients poor prognostic factors.
Dynamic Transcriptional and Epigenetic Changes Drive Cellular Plasticity in the Liver
Authors: Merrell Allyson J. , Peng Tao , Li Jinyang , Sun Kathryn , Li Bin , Katsuda Takeshi , Grompe Markus , Tan Kai , Stanger Ben Z. 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims
Following liver injury, a fraction of hepatocytes adopt features of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) in a process known as biliary reprogramming. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular events accompanying this dramatic shift in cellular identity.

Approach and Results
We applied the techniques of bulk RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq), single‐cell RNA‐seq, and assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with high‐throughput sequencing to define the epigenetic and transcriptional changes associated with biliary reprogramming. In addition, we examined the role of TGF‐β signaling by profiling cells undergoing reprogramming in mice with hepatocyte‐specific deletion in the downstream TGF‐β signaling component mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (Smad4). Biliary reprogramming followed a stereotyped pattern of altered gene expression consisting of robust induction of biliary genes and weaker repression of hepatocyte genes. These changes in gene expression were accompanied by corresponding modifications at the chromatin level. Although some reprogrammed cells had molecular features of “fully differentiated” BECs, most lacked some biliary characteristics and retained some hepatocyte characteristics. Surprisingly, single‐cell analysis of Smad4 mutant mice revealed a dramatic increase in reprogramming.

Conclusion
Hepatocytes undergo widespread chromatin and transcriptional changes during biliary reprogramming, resulting in epigenetic and gene expression profiles that are similar to, but distinct from, native BECs. Reprogramming involves a progressive accumulation of biliary molecular features without discrete intermediates. Paradoxically, canonical TGF‐β signaling through Smad4 appears to constrain biliary reprogramming, indicating that TGF‐β can either promote or inhibit biliary differentiation depending on which downstream components of the pathway are engaged. This work has implications for the formation of BECs and bile ducts in the adult liver.
Impact of COVID‐19 on health and safety in the construction sector
Authors: Stiles Shelly , Golightly David , Ryan Brendan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConstruction has been significantly affected by COVID‐19 yet is critical to the post‐COVID economic recovery. Specifically, construction needs to be constantly aware of safety and risk balanced with timely project delivery. Guidance for COVID‐19 must therefore be implemented in a way that reflects working practice and pressures. There is, however, a potential knowledge gap regarding the practical feasibility and impact of applying COVID‐19 measures within construction, made more difficult by factors such as the temporary nature of projects and complex working arrangements. This article presents a commentary on safe construction during, and beyond, COVID‐19, covering the human factors challenges and practicalities of implementing COVID‐19 measures. We observe that while guidance is strong on risk management, understanding of how best to implement this guidance is not yet stable. Also, care must be taken that implementing guidance does not detract from general safety, which is also challenged by increased pressures on delivery arising from COVID‐19. There may, however, be opportunities for safer working practice arising from new awareness of health, hygiene, and safety risk. The role of safety leadership is overlooked in guidance yet is vital to ensure safe application of COVID‐19 working practices. The key message is that COVID‐19 needs to be integrated and promoted within a general risk management approach, in part because this takes account of differing priorities regarding safety risks, rather than overly focussing on COVID‐19, and also because the effectiveness of COVID‐19 mitigations can be amplified by integration with pre‐existing safety processes.
Multiple characteristics of three‐dimensional radiative Cross fluid with velocity slip and inclined magnetic field over a stretching sheet
Authors: Wahab Hafiz Abdul , Hussain Shah Syed Zahir , Ayub Assad , Sabir Zulqurnain , Bilal Muhammad , Altamirano Gilder Cieza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the three‐dimensional Cross fluid flow of a radiative nanofluid over an expanding sheet with aligned magnetic field, chemical reaction, and heat generation phenomenon. The stretching sheet has convective heat and slip boundary conditions. The similarity variables are properly used for the conversion of a dimensional mathematical model into a nondimensional one. The transformed ordinary differential equations are handled for the numerical outcomes of the suggested fluidic model by incorporating the shooting scheme. Furthermore, the numeric investigations are also compared by bvp4c MATLAB built‐in package. In a limited case, both the techniques are checked with already published articles, thereby revealing good agreement. Furthermore, the effects of few parameters like Prandtl number, Weissenberg number, heat generation, stretching rate parameter, magnetic parameter, thermal radiation, Brownian and thermophoresis parameters, and Lewis number on concentration, temperature, and velocity profiles have been presented using figures and numerical tables. The strong intensity of the magnetic field across the fluid and increment in the inclination angle (ϑ) result in a lower velocity profile. Temperature is more prominent for the higher slip mechanism. Furthermore, there in an increase in thermophoretic force, which pushes the nanoparticles, and this mixing of nanoparticles helps to increase the concentration profile. A higher Cross fluid index responds to a larger velocity.
Multislip and Soret–Dufour influence on nonlinear convection flow of MHD dissipative Casson fluid over a slendering stretching sheet with generalized heat flux phenomenon
Authors: Akolade Mojeed T. , Idowu Amos. S. , Adeosun Adeshina T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the present investigation, Soret–Dufour and multislip's impact on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Casson fluid flow encompassing variable thermophysical features in the nonlinear convection process is analyzed. It is believed that to any effective heat and mass transfer enhancement, the relaxation of such fluid and material time along with the thermo‐physical features, are well estimated. In this model, a magnetic field of nonuniform strength is applied perpendicular to the slendering sheet with variable thickness, and nonlinear convection flow is considered in this generalized heat flux examination. An appropriate similarity variable is implemented on the governing equations embedding the variable viscosity, thermal conductivity, and generalized Fourier's law to drive ordinary differential equations. Galerkin weighted residual approach is utilized to calculate the flow field among other flow characteristics. The novel flow features are discussed therein. Modified Fourier and multislip's parameters are seen to have downsized the velocity and temperature field greatly. Thermal and solutal buoyancy effects are more pronounced in nonlinear form compared to the linear model. Dufour number influences both velocity and energy fields positively but negates the concentration field, while the Soret number gives an opposing characterization.
Phosphorus retention in constructed wetlands enhanced by zeolite‐ and clinopyroxene‐dominated lava sand
Authors: Alewell Christine , Huang Jen‐How , McLaren Timothy I. , Huber Lea , Bünemann Else K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConstructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered systems for treating wastewater by sequestering nutrients and contaminants. Our aim was to assess the main phosphorus (P) binding states in operating CWs to assess P saturation and indications on P recycling potential of filter materials, which might be necessary under future peak P scenarios. The investigated vertical flow CWs (operation time up to 16 years) are based on either fluviatile (Fluv) sand or zeolite‐ (Ze‐LS) and clinopyroxene (Cl‐LS)‐dominated lava sand. Organic and inorganic P accumulated in all CWs independent of filter materials and showed a considerable increase with operation time. Concentrations of P decreased sharply with depth in the Fluv‐CWs compared to only a slight decrease in the lava sand CWs, with P concentrations of deeper horizons approximating the relatively P enriched original lava sand substrates. Orthophosphate was the dominant pool in all CWs, while the sum of organic fractions ranged between 11% and 33%. Sequential extraction indicated that P was mainly associated with Fe and Al (hydr)oxides for Fluv‐CWs and Ze‐LS‐CWs, while Ca and Mg bound mineral phosphates dominated in Cl‐LS‐CWs. Oxalate extractions pointed to a clear dominance of P fractions associated with poorly crystalline Fe‐ and Al‐(oxy)hydroxides. Solution 31P NMR analyses revealed that inositol hexakisphosphates were a major pool of organic P in surface layers of CWs, which increased with operation time. With a maximum of 0.5% P content, filter sands do not appear to be a suitable fertilizer for direct application to agricultural fields. The dominance of inorganic, poorly crystalline P species point to potentially high desorption capacity which might be investigated further, to assess recycling potential of P or usage of filter materials as soil amendments with relatively high plant available P. The latter might become feasible and economically attractive under future P scarcity. Simultaneously, P saturation indexes (DPS) did not indicate an imminent P saturation of filters, since P accumulation was not restricted by binding to Al and Fe minerals.
Nitrate removal processes in the riverbed during a single‐peak flood event
Authors: Jiang Qihao , Jin Guangqiu , Tang Hongwu , Xu Junzeng , Wei Qi , Li Ling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effect of the interplay between unsteady flow and bedform in a flood event on nitrogen cycling in the hyporheic zone (HZ) remains poorly understood. In this study, a reactive transport groundwater model with different flood hydrographs was proposed to investigate the effect of modified hyporheic flow on nitrate dynamics in the HZ, including nitrate source‐sink function, response to the single‐peak flood event and removal efficiency. The results demonstrate that there exists an optimal range of river channel gradients that could enhance the biogeochemical reactions (respiration, nitrification and denitrification) in a flood event. The HZ acts as a nitrate sink especially after the flood event, and its source‐sink function is independent of the unsteady discharge/stage conditions. The nitrate in the HZ has a hysteretic response to peak stage/discharge, and its removal efficiency is decreased by up to 70% compared to steady flow conditions. These findings not only provide a better understanding of nitrogen dynamics under the effect of unsteady channel flow, but also can be applied for river restoration to efficiently remove nitrate in the HZ by modifying river channel gradients.
The impact of a 1‐hour time interval between pazopanib and subsequent intake of gastric acid suppressants on pazopanib exposure
Authors: Krens Stefanie D. , Lubberman Floor J. E. , van Egmond Marthe , Jansman Frank G. A. , Burger David M. , Hamberg Paul , Vervenne Walter L. , Gelderblom Hans , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Desar Ingrid M. E. , van Herpen Carla M. L. , van Erp Nielka P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCo‐treatment with gastric acid suppressants (GAS) in patients taking anticancer drugs that exhibit pH‐dependant absorption may lead to decreased drug exposure and may hamper drug efficacy. In our study, we investigated whether a 1‐hour time interval between subsequent intake of pazopanib and GAS could mitigate this negative effect on drug exposure. We performed an observational study in which we collected the first steady‐state pazopanib trough concentration (Cmin) levels from patients treated with pazopanib 800 mg once daily (OD) taken fasted or pazopanib 600 mg OD taken with food. All patients were advised to take GAS 1 hour after pazopanib. Patients were grouped based on the use of GAS and the geometric (GM) Cmin levels were compared between groups for each dose regimen. Additionally, the percentage of patients with exposure below the target threshold of 20.5 mg/L and the effect of the type of PPI was explored. The GM Cmin levels were lower in GAS users vs non‐GAS users for both the 800 and 600 mg cohorts (23.7 mg/L [95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.1‐26.7] vs 28.2 mg/L [95% CI: 25.9‐30.5], P = .015 and 26.0 mg/L [95% CI: 22.4‐30.3] vs 33.5 mg/L [95% CI: 30.3‐37.1], P = .006). Subtherapeutic exposure was more prevalent in GAS users vs non‐GAS users (33.3% vs 19.5% and 29.6% vs 14%). Sub‐analysis showed lower GM pazopanib Cmin in patients who received omeprazole, while minimal difference was observed in those receiving pantoprazole compared to non‐users. Our research showed that a 1‐hour time interval between intake of pazopanib and GAS did not mitigate the negative effect of GAS on pazopanib exposure and may hamper pazopanib efficacy.
Bank lending margins in a negative interest rate environment
Authors: Boungou Whelsy , Mawusi Charles 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFollowing the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, the central banks of many advanced economies resorted to unconventional monetary policies including, the adoption of a negative interest rate policy, aimed at spurring economic recovery and growth. The effectiveness of this policy remains an ongoing debate and largely limited to theoretical assertions. Using a dataset of 9,638 banks from 41 countries over the period 2009–2018, and a Difference‐in‐Differences estimator, this paper examines whether the adoption of a negative interest rate policy has any effect on bank lending margins. We find that bank margins have contracted in countries where negative rates have been implemented. Our results suggest that, in a negative interest rate environment, the rate on loans declines faster than the rate on retail deposits. Moreover, we show that the effects of negative interest rate policy (NIRP) on bank lending margins were stronger for smaller, less capitalized, deposit‐dependent banks. Finally, our findings indicate that banks reliant on retail deposits increased lending in response to NIRP.
Prediction of adverse neonatal outcome among newborns born through meconium‐stained amniotic fluid
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Tsur Abraham , Shai Daniel , Cahan Tal , Shapira Moran , Meyer Raanan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study maternal and intrapartum factors associated with adverse neonatal outcome in deliveries complicated by meconium‐stained amniotic fluid (MSAF).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all women with singleton gestations undergoing trial of labor with MSAF during 2011–2020. Deliveries with adverse neonatal outcome were compared with deliveries without.ResultsOverall, 11 329 were included; 376 (3.3%) neonates were diagnosed with adverse neonatal outcomes. Multivariable regression analysis underlined the following factors as independently associated with composite adverse neonatal outcome: pregestational diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–9.43, P = 0.031), polyhydramnios (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.33–3.44, P = 0.002), fever (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.67–3.80, P < 0.001), and amnioinfusion (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.24–2.2438, P = 0.003). When 0, 1, 2, and 3 of the independent risk factors identified were present, the rates of adverse neonatal outcome were 2.9%, 5.5%, 10.0%, and 100%, respectively.ConclusionThe current study's results suggest that special attention should be payed to deliveries complicated by MSAF and with any of the following factors—polyhydramnios, intrapartum fever, amnioinfusion, and pregestational diabetes.
Pregnancy‐related venous thromboembolism and HIV infection
Authors: Schapkaitz Elise , Libhaber Elena , Rhemtula Haroun , Gerber Annika , Jacobson Barry F. , Chauke Lawrence , Büller Harry R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in African women in order to guide thromboprophylaxis.MethodsA case‐control study was performed at a specialist obstetric unit in South Africa from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020. We identified 128 cases with VTE and 640 controls, matched for gestation.ResultsPrepartum risk factors associated with VTE included; medical comorbidities (odds ratios [OR] 5.32, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.82–15.56), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.50–5.41), and hospital admission or immobility (OR 5.33, 95% CI 1.17–24.22). Postpartum, the following were identified as significant risk factors; medical comorbidities (OR 23.72, 95% CI 8.75–64.27), hospital admission or immobility (OR 13.18, 95% CI 5.04–34.49), systemic infection (OR 4.48, 95% CI 1.28–15.68), HIV (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.49–6.87), pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.18–6.36), and postpartum hemorrhage (OR 4.38, 95% CI 1.75–10.97). Antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections, and viral load >50 copies/ml, however, were not associated with VTE risk among HIV‐infected participants.ConclusionHIV was a significant risk factor for pregnancy‐related thrombosis. This was independent of traditional HIV risk factors. As such, future studies are recommended to explore the mechanisms of thrombosis associated with HIV infection.