bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion of fisheries processing by-product into salted-egg fish skin chips
Authors: Sari R N , Suryaningrum Th D , Ayudiarti D L , Hastarini E , Suryanti  , Fransisca D 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFisheries processing produces fish skin as a by-product. By using simple technology, the skin can be processed to produce high-protein snack foods, that the taste can be adjusted to the public tastes, such as chips. The economic value of these skin chips can be improved if they are packaged attractively and processed to a contemporary taste. The purpose of this study was to innovate technology in the utilization of fishery by-products to produce the salted egg fish skin chips and analyze its characteristics before and after storage. Fish skin used was tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). The methods include the fish skin blanching using water at a temperature of 90°C for approximately 2 minutes, draining, and soaking in a 0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution at 21-23°C for 15 minutes, then salt 2% and garlic 2.5% (w/w) adding then deep frying with an oil temperature of 170-180°C for 75 seconds. Salted egg fish skin chips were packed in aluminum foil pouches and stored for 84 days. The parameters observed were yield, water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, and rancidity (TBA), physical tests (crispness, i.e., hardness and breaking force also aw), and microbiological analysis (total mold). The results showed that the yield of dried tilapia skin was 37.30%; water content increased during the storage and the same condition for ash content, protein content, fat content, and rancidity, but they did not change significantly. Likewise, crispness values were decreased, but aw values were increased during storage. While the total mold increased, but the value was still within safe limits. The salted egg chips from tilapia fish skin could still be developed to be accepted and safe for consumption by the consumers.
The effect of addition pumpkin and carrot puree on the physicochemical and textural properties of mocaf biscuit as complementary food
Authors: Ratnawati L , Indrianti N , Ekafitri R , Mayasti N K I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mocaf biscuits were developed with the addition of pumpkin and carrot puree used as complementary foods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of pumpkin and carrot puree on the chemical, color and textural properties of a mocaf biscuit. This study conducted using a completely randomized design with 2 factors namely type of puree (pumpkin and carrot) and concentration of puree (15, 20 and 25%). The obtained results indicated that the addition of pumpkin and carrot puree on the making of mocaf biscuit significantly affected the moisture content, protein, fat, carbohydrate, total carotenoid, a*, b* and hardness. The best treatment in this study was carried out using the de Garmo method based on the effectiveness index. The best treatment was mocaf biscuit with addition 15% carrot puree which had moisture content, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, energy, total carotene, total dietary fiber, L*, a*, b*, hardness and fracturability as follows 6.31%, 2.27%, 6.88%, 12.84%, 71.71%, 429.88 kcal/100g, 85.16 µg / g, 4.59%, 78.47, 5.54, 28.80, 778.85 gf, and 6.36 mm, respectively.
Business model analysis of mushroom agroindustry and its sustainable development strategy in Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Haryati N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The agricultural sector is one that has been impacted by Covid-19. However, because of its function in the food production sector, it has to keep contributing to the economy of Indonesia even in the pandemic situation. Mushroom is one of the agricultural commodities which can be considered quite promising. Many mushroom producers turn into potential Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Behind the good aspects, some evidence argued that the production performance of the mushroom business is not optimal related to less capacity and lack of appropriate knowledge. This research aimed to map Business Model Canvas (BMC), identify the existing conditions of the business model, and understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the mushroom agro-industry as well as formulate a business development strategy. This research is a descriptive quantitative study conducted in April-November 2020. Respondents are the business owner of the mushroom industry chosen purposively for this research. Data analysis was by mapping BMC and SWOT analysis. Research shows that nine elements of the canvas business model had simplified the business. Value creation done by mostly online marketing, diversify products and opening cooking classes to keep the business sustain. Proactive strategy requires mushroom agro-industry to actively seize various opportunities in the fast development of in business environment by optimizing digital marketing, marketing strategy and open partnership.
Cassava genotypes selection for high yield and high starch content in advanced yield trials
Authors: Wahyuni T S , Noerwijati K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Increasing the cassava-based industry requires a large and continuous supply of tubers. Tuber production is increased with planting high yielding varieties with high starch content. This study aimed to select cassava genotypes obtained from open pollination among parents showing high yield and starch content in the advanced yield trial (AYT) stage. The experiment was carried out at Muneng research station (Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia) using randomized complete block design with three replications and two planting seasons (2018 and 2019). The experiments used 24 cassava genotypes, including three varieties as a control (Adira 4, UJ 5, and Litbang UK 2). The cassava planted in 2018 was exposed to stress due to drought, while in 2019, the plants received optimal water availability. During the drought stress, the attack of red mite (Tetranycus sp) negatively correlated with tuber yield. In optimal water conditions, the symptoms of red mite attack are low. Based on the combined analysis of variance, genotype × growing season interaction affected plant height at six months, and at ten months for tuber yield, starch content, and starch yield. Among the clones tested, OMM 1207-22 produced the highest tubers yield with an average of 47.5 t·ha-1 in the two growing seasons, with the starch yield, was equivalent to 8.89 t·ha-1, significantly higher compared with the Litbang UK 2 variety (average tubers yield 41.5 t·ha-1, starch yield 7.40 t·ha-1,). Also, 13 genotypes produced starch ranging from 6.49 t·ha-1 to 8.33 t·ha-1.
The potential of various seeds as angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from protein hydrolysate: a short review
Authors: Priyanto A D , Putranto A W , Hsu J L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) plays an imperative role in the blood pressure system. It generates intense vasoconstriction by converting angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II. Counter regulation of ACE may reduce blood pressure. One of the most frequently used medications for treating hypertension cases to inhibit ACE activity is a commercial synthetic drug. However, long-term consumption of those drugs could lead to suffering dangerous and unpredictable side effects. There have been many studies recently concerning the bioactive peptides as ACE inhibitors derived from various seeds. It has been reported that non-thermal extraction methods were used to obtain the protein from inside the cell. However, there was a lack of information focusing on ACE inhibitory peptides from plant biomass. Therefore, this review aimed to summarise and gather the point of view of the plant-derived ACE inhibitory peptides from raw material sources, processing, and peptide sequences studies. This paper contributed to explaining a comprehensive review of ACE inhibitory peptides from edible materials and proposes a fascinating discussion due to the sources being discovered derived from edible protein and safer grade. Various seeds in Indonesia may have future potential for ACE inhibitory peptides as natural therapeutic agents.
Nutritional and physical properties of three varieties of Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-Jobi) flour for food diversification and application uses
Authors: Mayasti N K I , Iwansyah A C , Indriati A , Ekafitri R , Adriana Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi) is widely used as a source for new food development with high nutritional content. However, information about the type of Hanjeli variety used as alternative nutritious food is still limited. In this study, we compared the nutritional and physical properties of three varieties of Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-Jobi) flour namely Pulut (HAP), Unpad (HHA) and Batu (HBA) for food diversification and application uses. A comparative evaluation of the nutritional property of Hanjeli flours including moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, calcium, energy, and starch contents was carried out. While for physical property, the yields of Hanjeli flours were analyzed. The results showed that the variety of Hanjeli significantly affected to nutritional and physical properties of flours (P < 0.05). Pulut was the best variety due to its nutritional and physical properties. In this study, cookies made from 100 % of Hanjeli flour from Pulut variety contained moisture (3.97%), ash (1,93%), protein (9,17%), fat (23.58%), carbohydrates (61,59%), dietary fiber (7,69%), and energy (494,29 kcal) which met with the quality requirement of Indonesian National Standard for cookies. Hanjeli is promising as a new source of nutrition for diversification and application food uses.
Antioxidant analysis of instant herbal beverages ingredients
Authors: Deoranto P , Dewi I A , Citraresmi A D P , Sari I P , Dewi C 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of herbal beverages as Indonesian heritage from traditional forms to become instant herbal beverages that are processed into the form of powder or drink is estimated to be able to improve the quality of the herbal beverages. These herbal beverages have several health benefits such as the presence of antioxidant compounds that can capture free radicals to keep up immunity. This herbal powder drink is made to make it easier to consume, more efficient in time and maintain the health benefits of these herbs. The objectives of this research are to produce herbs-based herbal beverages from the commodities ofsambiloto,meniran, ginger, curcuma, lemongrass and palm sugar to find out the physical and chemical contents and antioxidant value of ingredients for instant herbal beverages. The research method is conducted by making two kinds of drink formulations consisting of 1)sambiloto, curcuma, lemongrass, ginger, palm sugar, 2)meniran, curcuma, lemongrass, ginger, palm sugar. This research tested with several observational parameters: organoleptic analysis physical test with pH measurement, chemical analysis to see water and ash content, antioxidant and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) antioxidant activity analysis. The expected results are instant herbal beverages in the form of powder put into tea bags or instant herbal beverages ready for consumption with the observed parameter values expected to be able to adjust to the Indonesian National Standards (SNI) on the quality of traditional beverage powder and ready to drink consumption.
Characteristics of activated carbon from coconut shell (Cocos nucifera) through chemical activation process
Authors: Lutfi M , Hanafi  , Susilo B , Prasetyo J , Sandra  , Prajogo U 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Activated carbon is a material that widely used in industries as an adsorbent and purifying material. Moreover, activated carbon has an essential role in improving product quality. Coconut shell has many advantages to be used as activated carbon sources as it has both high mechanical strength and high pore volume. This research aims to explore the coconut shell as an activated carbon material through immersion using a phosphoric acid solution. The activation process was conducted under different conditions, i.e. H PO concentration of 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, 4 M and 5 M, and immersion time of 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours and 9 hours. The characteristics of the activated carbon were evaluated in terms of iodine number, density, water content and ash content. It could be concluded that the combination of 3M H PO concentration and 9 hours immersion time was the best combination for producing desirable activated carbon from coconut shell. The characteristics of iodine number, density, water content and ash content are 248.5811 mg/g, 1.3613 g/ml, 5.3628% and 2.1239%, respectively. The phosphate acid concentration and the immersion time had a significant effect on the activated carbon characteristics such as iodine number, density, water content and ash content.
The identification of ethanol and aromatic compounds from delignification of cacao pod husk using Phlebia sp.MG-60
Authors: Nurika I , Majid Z A N M , Suprayogi  
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe agricultural residue can be significantly transformed to both renewable energy and high value-added chemicals using biorefinery concept. Biological pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass and ethanol production from cacao pod husk can be done within a single unit-operation using a single microorganism white rotPhlebia sp. MG-60. The objective of this study was to identify the potential of white rotPhlebia sp. MG-60to produce ethanol and aromatic compounds under consolidated biological processing (CBP). The effect of different concentration of MnSO4on detecting of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and MnP activity were measured on 0, 14 and 28 days. The selected best concentration of MnSO4was then used for detecting of potential aromatic compound released and the yield of ethanol. By adding the inducer (MnSO4), the results revealed that the addition of MnSO4could escalate the activity ofmanganese peroxidase(MnP) fromPhlebia sp. MG-60in order to depolymerize lignocellulose. The yield of ethanol produced during the bioconversion process was 2g/L. Furthermore, several aromatic compounds such as 2, 3-Dimethylphenol, trans-cinamic acid, caffeic acid, and vanillin were potentially obtained from cacao pod husk incubated by the fungus for 28 days.
Assessing Indonesian sugarcane farmers’ perceptions of climate change
Authors: Alim A S , Anggraini R S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Climate change is expected to have severe economic, social and environmental impacts on Indonesia. Here we focus particularly on sugarcane farmers in West Java. Analysis of historical climate data shows a downward trend in annual rainfall in the last 20 years. The rainfall pattern in this area is monsoonal with a peak from December to January and a dry season from June to September. Future climate scenarios indicate that precipitation will decrease particularly from November to December, which coincides with the planting time for a new cane crop. Increased probability of drought at this time has been identified as the significant climate change impact on sugarcane farmers. The temperature is predicted to increase but will remain within the crop tolerance range, therefore is not expected to be a significant issue. This research seeks to gain insights from the farmers themselves on their adaptation responses based on questionnaires. Data were collected from 210 individual respondents in Cirebon Regency. The study examines how farmers perceptions correspond with the climate record. The farmers’ perceptions of climate change are in line with data records. The factors that influence farmers perceptions were analysed by an econometric approach using binary logistic regression. The results showed that farmers perception of climate change was significantly related to education, farming experience, effort to irrigate, sugarcane variety, and the age of crops. We are sceptical about the reality of these perceptions. In reality, it is very unlikely that anybody can perceive the average temperature changes less than 1 degree over 38 years.
Assessing land degradation as the impact of deforestation due to the expansion of oil palm plantation in Rokan Hulu, Riau
Authors: Alim A S , Anggraini R S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In Riau province, Sumatra much of the deforestation has been associated with the extension of oil palm plantations on soils that are particularly vulnerable to soil erosion and land degradation. Most of the deforestation in Riau occurred on highly erodible Ultisols, on slopes steeper than 7 degrees and under a high and erosive rainfall regime, which, when taken together can result in a high risk of soil erosion and land degradation. Land degradation depends on soil erodibility, climatic factors expressed as rainfall erosivity, and slope conditions. This research aims to determine the impact of deforestation, particularly on the risk of land degradation. The rate and extent of deforestation was determined using remote sensing data published from reliable sources. The risk of land degradation assessed through soil erosion analysis in Riau Province by using published soil survey information and data to calculate soil erodibility and by combining this with other factors such as rainfall erosivity for the region and an assessment of slope factors. The estimation of the risk of land degradation has been achieved by a quantitative assessment of the potential soil erosion loss by applying the USLE (Universal Soil Lost Equation) to discrete land facets within Riau Province. The result of this study indicates that slight and moderate risk erosion class were dominant over most of the study area with 239,389 ha (47.92 %) and 129,391 ha (26.23 %), respectively. About 25% of the study area was predicted to suffer from erosion risk of more than 60 ton/ha/year.
Study of the potential use of rainwater as clean water with simple media gravity filters: A review
Authors: Muktiningsih S D , Putri D M A R M S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Clean water plays an essential role in all living things. However, the availability of clean water in Indonesia is insufficient to fulfill the total need for clean water, especially during the dry season. One of the alternative sources of clean water is rainwater. This study aims to understand the characteristics of rainwater in Indonesia as well as the effect of the variations of type, arrangement, and thickness of the simple filter media on the rainwater in Indonesia. A literature study from several studies is conducted regarding the use of rainwater as clean water with filters made from simple media to improve clean water by utilizing gravity filtration technology. The key descriptors used in this review include “rainwater filtration”, “filtration”, “rainwater harvesting” and “media filtration”. The quality standard used in this study is based on the Ministry of Health Regulation No.416/Menkes/Per/IV/1990. Based on the literature, simple filtration technology can significantly reduce some parameters value where the value of efficiency is more than 50% for parameter turbidity, TDS, Pb, arsenic, total coliform, hardness and nitrate. However, it has not been able to reduce the parameter of sulfate, nitrite, chloride, magnesium significantly. The review shows that the filter medium that is effective and easily accessible are gravel, zeolite, activated carbon, sand, cotton, sponges with a total media thickness of 20 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, 100 cm, and 105 cm and the time required to perform the filtration is about 10-15 minutes.
Synthesis of silica from rice husk by sol-gel method
Authors: Setyawan N , Hoerudin  , Yuliani S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRice husk is an abundant and underutilized agricultural by-product in Indonesia. The silica contained in the waste could be used as a substitute natural silica for various purposes. The extraction of silica from rice husk (RH) has been done using the sol-gel method without involving high energy. Extraction was carried out with KOH at concentrations of 7, 10, and 13% for 90, 120, and 150 minutes. Experimental results showed that the highest extraction yield was obtained at the extraction process using KOH 7% (average 9.03%). The minimum concentration of KOH could produce the maximum yield of silica. Characterization by XRD showed that the silica had the same pattern as that of commercial products and it was categorized as amorphous silica indicated with the broad peaks at 2θ = 22°. Amorphous silica with high purity was produced from rice husk by KOH 7 % at 120 min (95.34 %). The process condition resulted in high reactivity and a high BET surface area. The washing process needs to be intensified to improve the purity of silica.
Faecal sludge treatment facility site selection using GIS-based multi-criteria analysis and AHP: Case study of Bogor Regency
Authors: Devianto L A , Dewi N N A M S U , Helmy Q , Chaerul M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sanitary condition is one of the components that influencing public health. Bogor Regency has total area 2,663.81 km2, with total population 5,965,410 in 2019. The sanitation of Bogor Regency nearly 100% is using on-site systems. Utilization of septic tank reduces the level of contamination of surface water and groundwater. However, the sludge still containing high E. Coli that potentially caused diarrhea, vomiting disease, and others, so that the handling of the sludge needs Faecal Sludge Treatment Facilities (FSTF). Before 2016, Bogor Regency already had 10 units of faecal suction truck services, but the disposal process still was done in Kalimulya FSTF, Depok City. So, this study aims to find a feasible FSTF site location which fulfils the spatial plan, technical, and non-technical criteria. The process on the determining feasible FSTF location was employing multicriteria analysis by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Several spatial data such as the land slope, the soil type, distance from water bodies/river, the administration of Bogor Regency, as well as land use and land capability were used for FSTF site selection. Spatial analysis using GIS results in 22 locations in 15 different districts. By reconsidering the area, only 8 selected locations were surveyed and evaluated using AHP. Based on the weighting, the locations which chosen for the eastern, central, and western parts of Bogor are Cileungsi, Cibinong, and Cigudeg districts respectively.
Zinc ferrite nanoparticles: simple synthesis via lyophilisation and electrochemical application as glucose biosensor
Authors: Cao Xun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith increasing diabetes patients in the near future, development of non-enzymatic glucose biosensor is highly demanded due to their greater sensitivity and resistance to external stimuli compared to enzymatic biosensors. Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4, ZFO) nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated using a simple solution combustion method together with freeze drying. The NPs have high crystallinity, large aspect ratios and narrow size distributions. Plenty of defects have been induced during lyophilisation and greatly improves the glucose biosensing performance during electrochemistry test. The freeze-dried ZFO NPs are highly crystalline and agglomeration-free, these assures the sample with high sensitivity, superior selectivity, low detection limit and outstanding stability for electrochemical glucose biosensing.