bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfil epidemiológico de acidentes envolvendo animais peçonhentos no Sertão do Estado de Pernambuco (2009 -2019)
Authors: Xavier de Aguiar Carolline , Weslley Souza Gomes Darllington , De Amorim Souza Drako , Assucena Medrado de Castro Júlia , Braga dos Santos Lucas , Antunes de Carvalho Santos Mateus , Nunes de Sousa Wanessa , Conrado Carvalho Welisson , Augusto da Silva César 
Published: April 2021

Acidentes com animais peçonhentos apresentam alta incidência no Brasil e demonstram crescimento de ocorrências devido à persistência dos desmatamentos e à não utilização de materiais de proteção individual nas atividades do campo. Pertencentes à lista de doenças negligenciadas, sua subnotificação no país contribui para essa situação. Com o objetivo de sistematizar dados acerca dos acidentes com animais peçonhentos, foi realizado um estudo observacional, retrospectivo e descritivo dos casos desses acidentes confirmados e notificados na Macrorregião de Saúde do Vale do São Francisco e Araripe e Macrorregião de Saúde do Sertão, no Estado de Pernambuco. As informações foram coletadas pelo banco de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. A análise dos dados mostrou que a incidência de notificação dos casos aumentou de 35,88 para 247,01/100.000 habitantes no período estudado; os animais que mais causam essa categoria de acidente são escorpiões (42,9%), abelhas (29,3%) e serpentes (16,3%); sendo as serpentes mais envolvidas nesses episódios, as espécies dos gêneros Bothrops (86,8%) e Crotalus (8,9%); a maioria dos pacientes envolvidos evoluem para casos leves (78,8%); além disso, o grau de escolaridade mais prevalente nos pacientes é de Ensino Fundamental I incompleto (12,45%). Os dados aqui apresentados podem ser utilizados para orientar o desenvolvimento de campanhas de profilaxia e tratamentos adequados no país, auxiliando gestores de saúde e facilitando o trabalho das equipes da atenção básica em saúde.
Perfil dos Pacientes Vítimas de Trauma Torácico Submetidos à Drenagem de Tórax de um Hospital Universitário
Authors: Menezes Ester , Vasconcelos Diva , Matos Lílian 
Published: April 2021

Introdução. O trauma em tórax é uma importante causa de morte evitável, acometendo principalmente os jovens do sexo masculino de 20 a 30 anos. Objetivo. Traçar o perfil dos pacientes vítimas de traumatismo torácico submetidos à drenagem de tórax. Material e Métodos. Um estudo observacional, com abordagem quantitativa e exploratória, apresentação descritiva e caráter documental e retrospectivo, através do acesso autorizado ao software AGHU e da coleta de dados dos prontuários destes pacientes. Os dados foram processados e analisados utilizando os programas Statistical Package for the Social Sciences – SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, EUA, Release 16.0.2, 2008). Após consolidação e validação dos dados inseridos foi utilizada a estatística descritiva. Resultados. Fizeram parte do estudo 92 pacientes, sendo 82 homens (89,13%) e 10 mulheres (10,86%), a maioria entre 21 e 40,8 anos. Os ferimentos por arma branca (56,5%) e o tipo de lesão hemopneumotórax (42,4%) foram mais frequentes. As lesões ocorreram mais no hemitórax esquerdo (56,5%) e o tempo de drenagem torácica foi entre três e sete dias. Conclusão. O perfil das vítimas de trauma torácico submetidos à drenagem de tórax foi formado por adultos jovens predominantemente do gênero masculino. Com lesão decorrente de perfuração de arma branca, apresentando hemopneumotórax, sendo o hemitórax esquerdo mais acometido, resultando em um tempo médio de quatro dias com dreno de tórax. Estas informações podem contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento das condutas de tratamento destes pacientes no setor e em todo o hospital, com o foco em diminuir ao máximo o tempo de internamento.
Exploring the role of hydrological pathways in modulating multi-annual climate teleconnection periodicities from UK rainfall to streamflow
Authors: Rust William , Cuthbert Mark , Bloomfield John , Corstanje Ron , Howden Nicholas , Holman Ian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. An understanding of multi-annual behaviour in streamflow allows for better
estimation of the risks associated with hydrological extremes. This can
enable improved preparedness for streamflow-dependant services, such as
freshwater ecology, drinking water supply and agriculture. Recently, efforts have focused on detecting relationships between long-term hydrological behaviour and oscillatory climate systems (such as the North Atlantic Oscillation – NAO). For instance,
the approximate 7 year periodicity of the NAO has been detected in
groundwater-level records in the North Atlantic region, providing potential
improvements to the preparedness for future water resource extremes due to
their repetitive, periodic nature. However, the extent to which these 7-year, NAO-like signals are propagated to streamflow, and the catchment processes
that modulate this propagation, are currently unknown. Here, we show
statistically significant evidence that these 7-year periodicities are
present in streamflow (and associated catchment rainfall), by applying
multi-resolution analysis to a large data set of streamflow and associated
catchment rainfall across the UK. Our results provide new evidence for
spatial patterns of NAO periodicities in UK rainfall, with areas of greatest
NAO signal found in southwest England, south Wales, Northern Ireland and
central Scotland, and show that NAO-like periodicities account for a greater
proportion of streamflow variability in these areas. Furthermore, we find
that catchments with greater subsurface pathway contribution, as
characterised by the baseflow index (BFI), generally show increased NAO-like signal strength and that subsurface response times (as characterised by
groundwater response time – GRT), of between 4 and 8 years, show a greater
signal presence. Our results provide a foundation of understanding for
the screening and use of streamflow teleconnections for improving the
practice and policy of long-term streamflow resource management.
PATTERN OF DENTAL OCCLUSION IN A POPULATION OF URHOBO SUBJECTS IN ABRAKA, NIGERIA
Authors: Anibor E. 
Published: April 2021

The closing order of superior and inferior teeth whilst chewing or at relaxation is termed dental occlusion. Literature exploration divulged want of information on dental occlusion among the Urhobos in Delta State, Nigeria. The endeavour of this work was to consider varied dental occlusion patterns and explore gender variation in dental occlusion patterns amongst the Urhobo tribal cluster in Abraka, Nigeria. Totality of 384 citizens (200 females and 184 males) who were within 15-30 years age set were engaged in this inquisition. The gender gap is a depiction of the male/female scattering in the appraised populace. Records on dental occlusion patterns were composed by having the subjects’ bite, gulp saliva, occlude and open their mouths. The connexion of the upper and lower teeth was labelled as mild overbite, edge to edge bite, negative bite or severe overbite as specified by Eveleth in 1972. Inferential statistics were explored using chi-square by means of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23 and significance level were determined by p < .05. The dental occlusion patterns observed were mild overbite 168 (43.4%), edge-edge bite 146 (38.2%), severe overbite 70 (18.4%) with no negative overbite 0 (0%). The gender dissimilarity in dental occlusion pattern was not notable (p>.05). Mild overbite is preponderant and severe overbite is infrequent amid the Urhobos in Abraka, Nigeria.
PENGARUH LATIHAN KEGEL TERHADAP FREKUENSI BAK PADA IBU POSTPARTUM DI PMB HUSNIYATI PALEMBANG
Authors: Pratama Renda Natalina , Gustirini Ria , Maya R.A Aminah 
Published: April 2021

Pendahuluan: Masa postpartum sangat penting, karena sering terjadinya komplikasi antara lain infeksi genetalia. Beberapa faktor penyebab terjadinya infeksi adalah kurang nutrisi, kurang menjaga kebersihan diri atau perineum, kurang istirahat, kurang mobilisasi dan olah raga serta karena peningkatan frekuensi berkemih yang dapat menimbulkan infeksi di sekitar genetalia. Tujuan penelitian: ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh latihan kegel terhadap frekuensi BAK pada ibu postpartum di Praktik Mandiri Bidan Husniyati Palembang. Metode penelitian: ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan disain post test only non equivalent control group yaitu pengukuran dilakukan setelah kelompok intervensi diberikan perlakuan, kemudian hasil pengukuran atau observasi dibandingkan dengan hasil observasi pada kelompok kontrol, dengan variabel terikat adalah frekuensi BAK dan variabel bebas adalah latihan kegel. Sampel penelitian diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, terdiri dari 30 ibu postpartum yang dibagi dalam 2 kelompok: kelompok latihan kegel; kelompok kontrol. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian: dari hasil uji statistik Kendall’s tau, tidak ada pengaruh latihan kegel terhadap frekuensi berkemih ibu postpartum di PMB Husniyati Kota Palembang dimana p value 0,063 (> 0,05).

The postpartum period is very important, because frequent complications include genetal infection. Some of the factors causing infection are lack of nutrition, lack of personal hygiene or perineum, lack of rest, lack of mobilization and exercise as well as due to increased frequency of urination which can cause infection around genetalia. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the effect of Kegel exercises on the urinate frequency in postpartum mothers in the PMB Husniyati Palembang. The method in this study is a quasi-experimental design with a post-test only non-equivalent control group that is the measurement carried out after the intervention group is given treatment, then the measurement or observation results are compared with the results of observations in thecontrol group, with the dependent variable being the frequency of BAK and the independent variable is the kegel exercise. The research sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique, consisting of 30 postpartum mothers divided into 2 groups: the kegel exercise group; control group. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of Kendall's statistical test results know, there is no effect of Kegel exercises on the urinate frequency of postpartum maternal at PMB Husniyati Palembang where p value is 0.063 (> 0.05).
PERCEPÇÕES DE ENFERMEIROS E DOENTES SOBRE A ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO DIRETAMENTE OBSERVADO EM TUBERCULOSE
Authors: Távora Marune Melo , Rodrigues Ivaneide Leal Ataíde , Nogueira Laura Maria Vidal , Silva Fabiane Oliveira da 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar os fatores intervenientes na adesão ao tratamento diretamente observado em tuberculose, na percepção de doentes e de enfermeiros de unidades básicas de saúde.Método: pesquisa qualitativa descritiva com participação de 13 enfermeiros e 52 doentes de 12 Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Belém-Pará, Brasil. Para produção dos dados, realizaram-se entrevistas individuais, complementadas por observação não participativa. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática.Resultados: da análise emergiram duas categorias: Percepções sobre o tratamento diretamente observado de doentes e enfermeiros e Operacionalização do tratamento diretamente observado: aspectos positivos e limitantes.Conclusão: mesmo com as fragilidades apontadas, as unidades apresentam potencial para desenvolver a estratégia. Os enfermeiros são sensíveis à sua importância, mas necessitam de maior apoio institucional, e os doentes, quando bem esclarecidos, conseguem fazer uma boa adesão. Esse conhecimento pode proporcionar maior segurança para os enfermeiros na condução do acompanhamento aos pacientes.
Expression of Phosphofructokinase-1 Gene in Streptozotocinized Diabetic Rats Fed Fermented and Non-Fermented Maize Diets
Authors: Nze Chukwudi , Ebuehi Osaretin Albert Taiwo 
Published: April 2021

Aim: This nutrigenomic research study is to investigate the impact of fermented maize (FM) and non-fermented maize (N-FM) diets on the expression of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) gene in a diabetic state.
Methodology: The rats were equally grouped into four for the subsequent two weeks after acclimatization; Group 1 contained streptozotocinized-diabetic rats fed with FM diet (DFM), Group 2 contained streptozotocinized-diabetic rats fed with N-FM diet (DNM), Group 3 contained the normal control rats fed with standard rodent chow (NCG) and Group 4 contained diabetic control rats fed with standard rodent chow (DCG). The total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant capacity (in vitro) of the maize diets were analyzed.
Results: Rats fed the N-FM diet had higher concentration of phenols (73.20±0.9 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (82.83±1.02 mg/100 g). The in vitro antioxidant assay showed a statistically significant difference between the FM and N-FM diets (p<0.05). After the two weeks period, animals were sacrificed and blood samples obtained for blood chemistry and lipid profile tests. The livers were harvested for antioxidant activity and gene expression assay. The antioxidant assay showed no statistically significant difference among all groups, as well as the blood chemistry and lipid profile. The gene expression assay carried out using two-step Real-time qPCR, showed that PFK-1 gene was more expressed in the DFM group when compared to the DNM and DCG groups.
Conclusion: The FM diet enhanced the expression of PFK-1 gene in streptozotocinized-diabetic rats.
Cubosomes Dispersions as Enhanced Indomethacin Oral Delivery Systems: In vitro and Stability Evaluation
Authors: Alfagih Iman M. , AlQuadeib Bushra , Aldosari Basmah , Almurshedi Alanood , Badran Mohamed M. , Eltahir Eram , Alnakhli Khadijh A. 
Published: April 2021

Aims: To improve the dissolution of indomethacin through developing liquid indomethacin loaded cubosomes dispersion for oral delivery.
Methodology: Glyceryl monooleate based indomethacin loaded cubosomes dispersion were prepared using Taguchi design to study the effect of indomethacin to the disperse phase ratio and poloxamer 407 (PLX%) concentrations on the particle size and entrapment efficiency (%EE). Furthermore, in vitro release in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), and morphology were investigated. Also, the stability of indomethacin loaded cubosomes dispersions was examined after 6 months storage at 25°C in the dark.
Results: The prepared indomethacin cubosomes dispersions were in the nanoscale (184.53±0.7 to 261.33±0.8 nm) with reasonable %EE (49.30±2.6 to 95.55±3.4 %). Moreover, a biphasic release profile was predominant for all formulations, up to 50% of payload released after 2h followed by a second continuous sustained release phase over 24h. The kinetics of indomethacin release was best explained by Higuchi model and the mechanism of drug release from these cubosomes dispersions was by fickian diffusion mechanism. In general, the indomethacin loaded cubosomes dispersions were stable after 6 months storage at 25°C in the dark.
Conclusion: Indomethacin loaded cubosomes dispersions proved to be a successful platform to encapsulate and enhance the release of indomethacin with a good stability profile over 6 months.
Antipyretic activity of Nilavembu Kudineer – A Siddha System of Medicine
Authors: Sukkur Asali Ahamed  Abdul , Samuel Anbu Jeba Sunilson John , Vimala Anita Gnana Kumari Anpumoni , Ravichandran Shankar 
Published: April 2021

Aim: To evaluate the antipyretic activity of Nilavembu kudineer against yeast induced pyrexia in Albino rats.
Study Design: Experimental study
Place and Duration: Research lab, Department of Siddha Medicine, Tamil University, Thanjavur, India and KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Malaysia between March 2018 and July 2019.
Methodology: The Nilavembu kudineer powder was extracted by using acetone, methanol and aqueous solvents. The acute toxicity study was carried on swiss albino mice using acetone, methanolic and aqueous extracts of Nilavembu kudineer. From this, the LD50 value was determined and 1/10th of the LD50 value was taken as ED50 value and selected for the antipyretic studies. The Pyrexia was induced by 20% suspension of Brewers’ yeast at a dose level of 20 mg/kg on Albino rats. The test extracts (200mg/kg), Standard Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) and control saline vehicle were administered orally. The phytochemical parameters such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipid, oil, amino acid, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, flavones, flavanones and alkaloids were tested using standard procedures. Statistical analysis, the values were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dennett’s test.
Results: LD50 value of various extracts of Nilavembu kudineer was 2000 mg/kg and 1\10th of ED50 as 200 mg/kg was selected for screening of various pharmacological activities. The treatment with methanolic extract of Nilavembu kudineer at a dose of 200mg/kg significantly (p<0.001) decreased the elevated rectal temperature after 2 hr of administration. Yeast-instigated pyrexia rodents had been controlled with Nilavembu kudineer at a dose of 200 mg/kg to decide the Tamil traditional claim about this plant for its antipyretic property.
Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Nilavembu kudineer (200 mg/kg) possess potent fever reducing agent in various types of fever. The phytoconstituents such as Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Tannins and Phenolic compounds may be responsible for controlling the elevation of body temperature.
Atherosclerosis: Cholesterol Management
Authors: Edmondson Scott D. , Burnett Duane A. , Davis Harry R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in the United States and the industrialized world. The principal components of CVD are coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure, and congenital heart disorders. Atherosclerosis, the chronic inflammatory arterial wall disease associated with the deposition of cholesterol into arterial plaques and hardening of the arteries, is a major contributor to CHD and is the principal cause of heart attacks and stroke. The risk factor most closely associated with a higher incidence of CHD is serum cholesterol levels. This report summarizes efforts in the pharmaceutical industry to manage cholesterol levels to reduce risk for CHD due to atherosclerosis.
Monolayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride: An Efficient Electron Blocking Layer in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Park Ji‐Hoon , Mwaura Jeremiah , Saravanapavanantham Mayuran , Bulović Vladimir , Kong Jing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as an effective electron blocking layer (EBL) for the organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is proposed. Unexpectedly, it is found that h‐BN can replace the commonly used hole transport layers (HTLs), i.e., molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) in an inverted device architecture. Here, a wet‐transfer technique is employed and a single layer of h‐BN on top of the PV2000:PC60BM blend is successfully placed. Analysis of the bandgap diagram shows that the monolayer h‐BN makes smaller barrier for holes but significantly larger barrier for electrons. This makes the h‐BN effective in blocking electrons while creating a possible path for the holes through tunneling to the electrode, due to the low energy barrier at the PV2000/h‐BN interface. Using h‐BN as an EBL, efficient inverted OPVs are achieved with an average solar‐to‐power conversion efficiency of 6.13%, which is comparable with that of reference devices based on MoO3 (7.3%) and PEDOT:PSS (7.6%) as HTLs. Interestingly, the devices with h‐BN shows great light‐soak stability. The study reveals that the monolayer h‐BN grown by CVD could be an effective alternative EBL for the fabrication of efficient, lightweight, and stable OPVs.
All‐pH Stable Sandwich‐Structured MoO2/MoS2/C Hollow Nanoreactors for Enhanced Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Gong Feilong , Liu Mengmeng , Ye Sheng , Gong Lihua , Zeng Guang , Xu Lin , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Yonghui , Zhou Liming , Fang Shaoming , Liu Jian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMolybdenum sulfide has great potential for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, but its structural instability in acidic media and high barriers in alkaline/neutral media limits its practical applications. Herein, the design of monodispersed sandwich‐structured MoO2/MoS2/C hollow nanoreactors is reported with a triple layer “conductor/catalyst/protector” configuration for efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution over all pH values. Metallic MoO2 substrates with ultrahigh pristine electroconductivity can promote the charge transfer while sulfur vacancies are introduced to activate the highly exposed (002) facets of MoS2. The optimized MoO2/MoS2/C nanoreactor exhibits overpotentials of 77, 91, and 97 mV (10 mA cm−2) and Tafel slopes of 41, 49, and 53 mV dec−1 in acidic, alkaline, and neutral media, respectively, which are much better than most of the MoS2‐based electrocatalysts. Moreover, defective carbon shells are in situ generated, preventing the electrocatalysts from corrosion in acidic and alkaline media; the structural stability is verified via in situ Raman and XRD characterizations. Based on the density functional theory calculations, vacancy engineering can regulate the band structures, electron density differences, total density of states, and the H* and H2O adsorption‐dissociation ability over the entire pH range. The findings may shed light on the rational development of practical pH‐universal electrocatalysts for durable hydrogen evolution.
High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Based on a Low‐Cost Fully Non‐Fused Electron Acceptor
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Li Miao , Lu Hao , Jin Hui , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Yan , Shen Shuaishuai , Ma Zaifei , Song Jinsheng , Bo Zhishan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of tetrathiophene‐based fully non‐fused ring acceptors (4T‐1, 4T‐2, 4T‐3, and 4T‐4), which can be paired with the star donor polymer PBDB‐T to fabricate highly efficient organic solar cells are developed. Tailoring the size of lateral chains can tune the solubility and packing mode of acceptor molecules in neat and blend films. It is found that the incorporation of 2‐ethylhexyl chains can effectively change the compatibility with the donor polymer PBDB‐T, and an encouraging power conversion efficiency of 10.15% is accomplished by 4T‐3‐based organic solar cells. It also presents good compatibility with the other polymer donor and an even higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.04% is achieved based on D18:4T‐3 blend, which is the champion PCE for the fully non‐fused acceptors. Importantly, these inexpensive tetrathiophene fully non‐fused ring acceptors provide cost‐effective photovoltaic performance. The results demonstrate a high photovoltaic performance from synthetically inexpensive materials could be achieved by the rational design of non‐fused ring acceptor molecules.