bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineating the Elusive BaMMV Resistance Gene rym15 in Barley by Medium-Resolution Mapping
Authors: Wang Yaping , Habekuss Antje , Snowdon Rod J , Ordon Frank , Perovic Dragan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), transmitted by the soil-borne protist Polymyxa graminis, has a serious impact on winter barley production. Previously, the BaMMV resistance gene rym15 was mapped on chromosome 6HS, but the order of flanking markers was non-collinear between different maps. To resolve the position of the flanking markers and to enable map-based cloning of rym15, two medium-resolution mapping populations Igri (susceptible) × Chikurin Ibaraki 1 (resistant) (I×C) and Chikurin Ibaraki 1 × Uschi (susceptible) (C×U), consisting of 342 and 180 F2 plants, respectively, were developed. Efficiency of the mechanical inoculation at susceptible standards varied from 87.5–100% and in F2 populations from 90.56–93.23%. Phenotyping of F2 plants and corresponding F3 families revealed segregation ratios of 250s:92r (I×C, χ2 = 0.659) and 140s:40r (C×U, χ2 = 0.741), suggesting the presence of a single recessive resistance gene. Eight KASP assays, developed after screening the parents with the 50K Infinium chip and anchoring corresponding SNPs to the barley reference genome, were used to remap the gene. Newly constructed maps revealed a collinear order of markers, thereby allowing the identification of high throughput flanking markers. This study demonstrates how construction of medium-resolution mapping populations in combination with robust phenotyping can efficiently resolve conflicting marker ordering and reduce the size of the target interval. In an era of reference genomes and high throughput marker platforms, medium-resolution mapping will help accelerate candidate gene identification for traits where phenotyping is difficult.
Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collaborative Model (TCMCM) combined Adjuvant Chemotherapy in IIIb and IIIc Gastric Cancer: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: li zhaoyan , Li Jia , Cao Nida , Zhu Xiaohong , Xu Yan , Han Chen , Qin Mengmeng , Liu Feng , Zhang Guangtao , Wang Rui , Xia Xiang , Zhao Gang , Huan Xiangkun , Fan Jin , Zhao Aiguang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMetastasis and/or recurrence are the primary cause in decreasing the survival time of gastric cancer patients who experienced radical operation. Among whom, patients with stage IIIb and IIIc are especially in high risk of metastasis and recurrence, result in a significant poor survival time than patients with earlier stages. Herbal medicines are natural substances that have been used for centuries in China, auricular acupressure and acupoints has shown promise in reducing side effects of chemotherapy，this traditional Chinese medicine collaborative model（TCMCM）has been studied in cancer, however, the specific effects have not been systematically evaluated. This study was designed to evaluate whether TCMCM can decrease adverse effects after chemotherapy and reduce the recurrence rate and metastasis in stage IIIb and IIIc gastric cancer. Method/designThis prospective，multicenter, randomized, open-label trail will recruit 260 patients with stage IIIb and IIIc gastric cancer who undergo radical surgery with D2 lymphadenectomy. Randomization to usual adjuvant chemotherapy or the intervention (TCMCM) with a 1:1 ratio will be used. Patients in the intervention group received an oral traditional Chinese formula, auricular acupressure and acupoints, all participants will be continuing to receive usual adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary outcome is 3-year disease free survival rate. Secondary outcomes include quality of life，side effects caused by chemotherapy and safety outcome measures. Assessments will be performed at Screening period and 4，8 cycles after adjuvant chemotherapy，9, 12, 18, 24,30 and 36 months after randomization, and adverse events will be recorded.In addition,biological samples will be collected for mechanism exploration studies. DiscussionThis will be the first clinical trial to evaluate the disease-free survival (DFS) and improvements in quality of life in patients of stage IIIb and IIIc gastric cancer receiving TCMCM, which may be used to formulate a standardized TCMCM plan. We are also performing this trial to assess the feasibility of a larger-scale clinical trial in the future. Trail registrationClinicalTrials.gov，NCT03607656. Registered on 1 July 2018.The final protocol version was V1.1.
Effect of Electroacupuncture On Discomfort During Gastroscopy Without General Anesthetic: A Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yu Binyu , Hazlewood Philippa Jemma , Yin Xuan , Li Shanshan , Yue Hongyu , Xu Kun , Xu Shifen , Mi Yiqun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Gastroscopy procedures are frequently performed under general anesthetic to minimize discomfort. Patients who refuse a sedative injection may experience more discomfort and adverse reactions such as pain and nausea. These instances reduce patient compliance and willingness to participate in future procedures. Acupuncture has been shown to have an antinausea and analgesic effect, however there is limited data available that demonstrates acupuncture as effective when applied before gastroscopy. Methods: A total of 60 participants will be randomly assigned to the electroacupuncture (EA) group and the sham electroacupuncture (SEA) group at a ratio of 1: 1. Acupuncture treatment will be performed before gastroscopy for a duration of 30 minutes. All patients will complete detailed questionnaires at 30 minutes and 7 days post-procedure to record the severity of their symptoms. The primary outcome will be the average of 4 standard visual analogue scales (VAS) scores in the categories of nausea,vomitting, throat discomfort and agitation as reported by the patient. The secondary outcomes will be patient’s anxiety as recorded by the 6 Item Short Form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S6) and Amsterdam Pre-Operative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), preference in a future endoscopy, oxygen saturation (SaO2), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). Anxiety scales will be assessed before and after acupuncture, others will be complete at 30 minutes and 7 days post-procedure.Discussion: This randomized controlled trial will explore the feasibility of the further clinical application of electroacupuncture for the improvement of patient discomfort during gastroscopy without systemic sedation.Trial registration: This trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2020SHL-KY-11) and is registered with ChiCTR2000040726.
Brucella Melitensis invA Gene (BME_RS01060) Transcription Is Promoted Under Acidic Stress Conditions.
Authors: Sauceda-Becerra Raúl , Barrios-García Hugo , Martínez-Burnes Julio , Arellano-Reynoso Beatriz , Benítez-Guzmán Alejandro , Hernández-Castro Rigoberto , Alva-Pérez Jorge 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The invA gene of Brucella melitensis codes for a NUDIX (nucleoside diphosphate linked to moiety X) hydrolase related to invasiveness. The objective of this work was to evaluate invA transcription under acidic conditions. The invA gene transcription was up regulated at pH 3 and pH 5 observed with semiquantitative real-time PCR in B. melitensis 133 strain. Results indicated that invA gene transcription at pH 3 showed a basal and decreased transcription compared to that of pH 5 incubation. Transcription levels of the dnaK gene were similar to those obtained with invA gene. The survival rates of wild type and invA mutant strains at pH 5 were above 90% in all post-incubation times. In contrast, at pH 3 there was a time-dependent reduction on both strains at 15 min (P < 0.05). These results suggest that invA gene transcription is promoted under acidic conditions in Brucella melitensis.
Security Establishment In Cybersecurity Environment Using PSO Based Optimization
Authors: Priyanka J , Ramakrishnan M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cybersecurity based significant data context is considered a challenge in the research community. Machine Learning approaches are considered for dealing with the big data-based security problem. Here, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used for configuring a massive amount of data. This work formulates a solution for Multi-objective problems to fulfill accuracy, computational and model complexities. A novel Meta-heuristic framework for multi-objective optimization is developed for dealing with lower levels and higher-level heuristics. In the former group, various rules are generated for configuring PSO, and in the latter model, search performance to control the selection process is used for newer configurations of PSO, deal with this multi-objective function. Parento-Approximation (PA) approach is used for strengthening this framework. The proposed optimization approach can be used in cybersecurity problems like anomaly classification. The proposed model is expected to provide better results in contrast to other models.
Heterogeneous ant colony optimization based on adaptive interactive learning and non-zero-sum game
Authors: Meng Jingwen , You Xiaoming , Liu Sheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ant colony optimization (ACO) is prone to get into the local optimum and has a slow convergence speed when it is applied to the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). Therefore, for overcoming the drawbacks of ACO, a heterogeneous ant colony optimization based on adaptive interactive learning and non-zero-sum game is proposed. Firstly, three subpopulations with different characteristics are constructed into heterogeneous ant colony to enhance the performance of the ant colony. Secondly, the adaptive interactive learning mechanism is adopted when the algorithm diversity decreases, in which the objects to be communicated are selected adaptively according to the population similarity. In this mechanism, the way of communication is to pair the inferior individuals with the superior individuals, which enlarges the searching range and speeds up the convergence speed. Finally, an elite information exchange strategy based on non-zero-sum game is adopted when the algorithm falls into local optimum, in which each subpopulation selects the partners for elite information exchange according to the normalized comprehensive evaluation operator, which is helpful for each subpopulation to select the most appropriate strategy for getting out of the local optimal. Through this model, the accuracy of the solution is further improved. The data that used for this experiment is from the TSPLIB library under MATLAB simulation with various ranges of TSP datasets. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm has a higher quality solution and faster convergence speed in solving the traveling salesman problem.
Comorbidity, Cognitive Dysfunction, Physical Functioning and Quality of Life in Older Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Crouch Adele , Champion Victoria , Von Ah Diane 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeOlder breast cancer survivors (BCS) may be at greater risk for cognitive dysfunction and other comorbidities; both of which may be associated with physical and emotional well-being. This study will seek to understand these relationships by examining the association between objective and subjective cognitive dysfunction and physical functioning and quality of life (QoL) and moderated by comorbidities in older BCS. MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted on using data from 335 BCS (Stage I-IIIA) who were ≥60 years of age, received chemotherapy, and were 3-8 years post-diagnosis. BCS completed a one-time questionnaire and neuropsychological tests of learning, delayed recall, attention, working memory and verbal fluency. Descriptive statistics and separate linear regression analyses testing the relationship of each cognitive assessment on physical functioning and QoL controlling for comorbidities were conducted.ResultsBCS were on average 69.79 (SD=3.34) years old and 5.95 (SD=1.48) years post-diagnosis. Most were stage II (67.7%) at diagnosis, White (93.4%), had at least some college education (51.6%) and reported on average 3 (SD=1.81) comorbidities. All 6 physical functioning models were significant (p<.001); with more comorbidities and worse subjective attention identified as significantly related to decreased physical functioning. One model found worse subjective attention was related to poorer QoL (p<.001). Objective cognitive function measures were not significantly related to physical functioning or QoL. ConclusionsA greater number of comorbidities and poorer subjective attention were related to poorer outcomes and should be integrated into research seeking to determine predictors of physical functioning and QoL in breast cancer survivors.
Analysis of Regional Differences and Dynamic Mechanisms of Agricultural Carbon Emissions Efficiency in China's Seven Agricultural Regions
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Liao Kaicheng , Zhou Xianghong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A profound understanding of the present status and regional characteristics of China’s agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) is the basic prerequisite for exploring a pathway to ACE reduction that is compatible with China’s national conditions. This study uses the inter-provincial agricultural industry panel data from 2001 to 2017, and selects the three-stage slack-based measure data envelope analysis (SBM-DEA) model and Malmquist Luenberger (ML) index model to measure the dynamic efficiency of agricultural carbon emission (ACE). Additionally, this study uses the Dagum Gini coefficient and the panel vector auto-regression (PVAR) model to analyze the sources of regional differences in dynamic efficiency and the internal structure, respectively. The empirical results reveal the following: (i) The dynamic efficiency of China’s ACE is in a state of "efficiency optimization." Although both technological change and technological efficiency change are in an "efficient" state, they also show a decline in technological efficiency change, and a regression in technological change, respectively. (ii) The overall Dagum Gini coefficient of China's ACE dynamic efficiency, technological change, and technological efficiency change all demonstrate upward trends. The gap between regions is the main reason for the long-term gap between the dynamic efficiency of China's ACE, technological change, and technological efficiency change. (iii) Regardless of the time horizon, technological change has always been the main driving force for the continuous growth of dynamic efficiency; the contribution of technological change to dynamic efficiency is far greater than that of technological efficiency change. This conclusion has been verified in samples from different regions of China.
Effect of Starch Source in Concentrate Diets and of Days on Feed on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, and Economic Return of Feedlot Steers
Authors: Khongpradit Anchalee , Boonsaen Phoompong , Homwong Nitipong , Matsuba Keiji , Kobayashi Yasuo , Sawanon Suriya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effects of PS were determined as a concentrate added to feed and of the days it was short-term and long-term fed to fattening dairy steers on their growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and economic return. The experimental units comprised 36 feedlot dairy steers arranged as a 2 ⋅ 3 factorial in a completely randomized design. The first term (diet factors) consisted of ground corn (GC), ground cassava (CA), or pineapple stem starch (PS) at 37% dry matter (DM) in the concentrate. The second term (feeding factors) consisted of feeding the concentrate from 1 to 206 days (short-term feeding) or from 1 to 344 days (long-term feeding). At the end of the feeding term periods, the animals were slaughtered and the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were evaluated. The average daily gain (ADG), feed:gain ratio, dry matter intake (DMI), hot carcass and cool carcass percentages, and backfat thickness were greater for steers on short-term than on long-term feeding. Feeding the different starch sources had no negative influence on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. However, the ADG of steers fed PS tended (P = 0.07) to be higher than for those fed GC or CA. In addition, the concentration of the fatty acid C14:1 in the longissimus dorsi muscle was the highest in steers fed CA. Different starch sources had similar values for saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA.) Long-term feeding increased MUFA. Pineapple stem starch could be a useful feed ingredient for feedlot steers as an alternative starch source for energy.
Establishment of Geochemical Thresholds for Vanadium Throughout Korea and at Potential Development Sites Using Geochemical Map Data
Authors: Ahn Joo Sung , Youm Seung-Jun , Cho Yong-Chan , Yim Gil-Jae , Ji Sang-Woo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Geochemical maps can be used for a variety of purposes, one of which is to establish regional or local geochemical thresholds for the analyzed elements. In the case of vanadium, as industrial demand and use increases, it is necessary to expand the development of vanadium in Korea. However, the environmental management standards are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, using geochemical data, we derived geochemical threshold values for the entire country and areas with potential for the development of vanadium deposits. The regional (country-wide) threshold value was derived using logarithmic transformation of raw data (N = 23,548) of the first- and second-order stream sediments collected across the country in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. The median + 2 median absolute deviation (MAD) and Tukey inner fence (TIF) values were 116 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Of these, the TIF standard, which showed 0.6% of data exceeding the threshold, was judged to be appropriate for distinguishing clear enrichment or contamination of vanadium. In the case of the Geumsan and Pocheon, areas with potential for vanadium development, the TIF and median + 2 MAD values of 259 mg/kg and 218 mg/kg, respectively, can be used as the criteria for evaluating the impact of environmental pollution before and after deposit development. Likewise, by deriving threshold values of the target elements using geochemical map data, it is possible to provide basic environmental information for geochemical evaluation and follow-up management in advance during large-scale site development.
A Hybrid Retrieval Strategy for Case-based Reasoning Using Soft Likelihood Functions
Authors: Wang Yameng , Fei Liguo , Feng Yuqiang , Wang Yanqing , Liu Luning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Case-based reasoning (CBR) is the retrieval of one or more similar cases from an existing case base for the problem to be solved according to the characteristics of the new problem. The core idea of CBR is that similar cases have similar solutions, so whether the CBR system can play a powerful advantage depends on the quality of case retrieval strategy. At present, the commonly used case retrieval algorithm is based on the mean operator method, which is very hard, and a certain local similarity is low will affect the overall result. In order to calculate the global similarity of cases from a new and softer point of view, this paper introduces the soft likelihood functions into case retrieval, combines the soft likelihood functions with KNN, and proposes a hybrid retrieval strategy. The core of the retrieval strategy is to define the global similarity through SLFs, aggregate the local similarity and characteristic similarity together, and also take the attitude characteristics of decision makers into consideration. Through simulation experiments on real data sets, the accuracy rate is more than 81%, which verifies the effectiveness of the retrieval strategy.
High Myopia and Macular Vascular Density: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study
Authors: Jiang Yang , Lou Shang , Li Ying , Chen Youxin , Lu Chengxuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether there are differences in macular vascular density (VD) between patients with high-myopia (HM) and those with non-high myopia (NHM) using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA).Method: OCTA was performed on 35 eyes with HM with spherical equivalence (SE) >-6.00D and 35 eyes with NHM with SE £-6.00D. Vascular densities of the macula (overall macula, fovea, parafovea, superior hemi and inferior hemi) were measured in each of the superficial, deep and choriocapillaris layers of the retina. Results: In the superficial retinal layer, overall macular VFD was significantly higher in the NHM compared to the HM group (51.27±3.74 vs. 48.07±5.69, p<0.05). There were significant differences between the NHM and HM in parafovea (52.58±5.78 vs. 49.4 ±6.43, p<0.05), superior-hemi (53.38±4.03 vs 49.78±6.84, p<0.05) and inferior-hemi regions (53.49±4.61 vs 49.05±6.41, p<0.05), but not in the fovea region. Similarly, in the deep retinal layer, overall macular VFD was significantly higher in the NHM group compared to the HM group (58.69±2.46 vs. 56.90±4.08, p<0.05). There was significant differences between the HM and NHM in superior-hemi region (61.97±2.68 vs. 60.08±3.98, p<0.05), but not in the fovea, parafovea, and inferior-hemi region. In the choriocapillaris, there was no difference in the overall macular VFD, nor any of the individual sectors between the HM and the NHM groups. Conclusion: VFD in the superficial and deep retinal layers of the macula are significantly increased in the NHM compared to HM eyes. This is not the case in the choroidal capillary layers of the retina.
Spatial Accessibility to Sports Facilities in Dongguan, China: A Multi-Preference Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method
Authors: Xiao Tong , Ding Tengfei , Zhang Xiaoke , Tao Zhuolin , Liu Ye 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Equitable access to sports services has drawn attention from policymakers and planners in China as people’s health has been placed at the centre of the country’s policy-making machinery. However, existing approaches to measure the spatial accessibility of sports facilities tend to ignore the heterogeneity in potential users’ demands and facility preferences, thereby causing a bias in the measurement of accessibility. Methods: To accurately measure the spatial accessibility of sports facilities, this paper proposes a multi-preference Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (MG2SFCA) method, taking into account different travel modes, catchment sizes, and facility preferences among different age groups. Empirically, using high-resolution gridded data on actual population distribution, we adopted the MG2SFCA method in examining the spatial accessibility of sports facilities among children, working-age population, and elderly population under walking, cycling, and driving modes in Dongguan, China. Further, a comparison was made between the accessibility results measured by the MG2SFCA method and the Gaussian 2SFCA method.Results: The results indicated a significant spatial disparity in the accessibility to sports facilities, with better accessibility in the north and poorer accessibility in the south. Children have the best access to sports facilities, followed by working-age and elderly populations. In the comparison among different transport modes, the accessibility distribution of sports facilities in walking mode showed the greatest spatial variation, while accessibility in driving mode was the most balanced. The spatial variation of accessibility scores of MG2SFCA was more significant than that of Gaussian 2SFCA.Conclusions: The MG2SFCA method is superior to the traditional Gaussian 2SFCA method because the former can capture disadvantaged people’s actual needs for sports facilities more accurately than the latter. Introducing demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of individuals into spatial accessibility measurement has a vital impact on the accurate reflection of accessibility inequality.