bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorectal Cancer Prevention in Lung Transplant Recipients: The Need for an Enhanced Surveillance Protocol
Authors: Dameworth Jonathan L. , Colburn Luc , Corrigan Devin , Driessen Rebecca , Chapple Kristina , Gagliano Ronald A. , Walia Rajat , Row David 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk for noncutaneous neoplasms, including colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated precancerous lesions detected by post-transplant surveillance colonoscopy to infer the rate at which new adenomas develop in this population.

STUDY DESIGN:
We reviewed all patients who underwent lung transplant between January 2013 and August 2017 at our institution. Those with post-transplant survival <1 year, personal history of CRC, previous lung transplant, and lack of pretransplant colonoscopy were excluded.

RESULTS:
During the study period, 411 patients underwent lung transplant; 237 met inclusion criteria. Median age at transplant was 63.6 (interquartile range [IQR] 59.2-68.3) years. Most recipients were immunosuppressed with a combination of prednisone, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil. At least 1 adenoma was found in 92 patients (38.8%) pretransplant and in 118 patients (49.8%) from 1 to 5 years post-transplant, with 68.6% identified at 1 year. Most adenomas were identified proximal to the splenic flexure. Multiple (≥3) adenomas were found in 31.4% of positive colonoscopies. Within 5 years after transplant, patients with a positive pretransplant colonoscopy had significantly more positive post-transplant colonoscopies than patients with a negative pretransplant colonoscopy (63.0% vs 41.4%, p < 0.001). No de novo CRC was identified.

CONCLUSIONS:
Lung transplant recipients have a significantly higher risk of adenoma formation than average-risk adults (25%–30% national detection rate). This increase occurs in the early post-transplant period (within 3 years). An enhanced CRC surveillance protocol for lung transplant recipients is needed.
Effect of Sexual Esteem and Sexual Communication on the Relationship Between Body Image and Sexual Function in Chinese Heterosexual Women
Authors: Wu Ting , Zheng Yong 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSexual self-esteem and communication on sexual issues with a partner contribute greatly to an individual’s quality of sex life; however, their effects on the relationship between body image and sexual function are underexplored.AimTo test a serial mediating pathway of sexual self-esteem and sexual communication underlying the relationship between body image and sexual function.MethodsA total of 510 women aged 18–53 years (mean = 28, SD = 5.5) who were involved in an intimate relationship completed an online survey.OutcomesWomen’s (i) body appreciation, (ii) body image self-consciousness during sexual intimacy, (iii) sexual self-esteem, (iv) dyadic sexual communication, (v) negative disclosure apprehension, and (vi) sexual function were assessed.RESULTSFindings revealed that sexual self-esteem and dyadic sexual communication played a serial mediating role in the relationship between body image (body appreciation and body image self-consciousness during sexual intimacy) and sexual function, and the relationship between body image and arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. Sexual self-esteem and negative disclosure apprehension also played a serial mediating role in the relationship between body image and sexual pain. In addition, dyadic sexual communication played a unique mediating role in the relationship between body image and sexual function, which is isolated from the effect of sexual self-esteem.Clinical ImplicationsWomen’s sexual self-esteem and sexual communication with their partner can make beneficial contributions to the relationship between body image and sexual function. Therefore, promoting women’s positive body image, sexual self-esteem, and sexual communication skills deserves attention from women themselves and clinicians.Strengths & LimitationsThis study used a robust method of data analysis to test the mediating effect of sexual self-esteem and sexual communication to clarify the mechanism underlying the relationship between body image and sexual function among Chinese women; however, causal conclusions cannot be drawn. Furthermore, various demographics including participants’ age, education level, sexual orientation—factors such as relationship status and length, relationship functioning, and partner-related variables—and other aspects of sexual self-concept and sexual communication should be examined in future research.CONCLUSIONThe current study indicates that women’s thoughts and feelings regarding sexuality and communicating sexual issues with their partner are associated closely with their body image and sexual function.
International agricultural trade forecasting using machine learning
Authors: Gopinath Munisamy , Batarseh Feras A. , Beckman Jayson , Kulkarni Ajay , Jeong Sei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFocusing on seven major agricultural commodities with a long history of trade, this study employs data-driven analytics to decipher patterns of trade, namely using supervised machine learning (ML), as well as neural networks. The supervised ML and neural network techniques are trained on data until 2010 and 2014, respectively. Results show the high relevance of ML models to forecasting trade patterns in near- and long-term relative to traditional approaches, which are often subjective assessments or time-series projections. While supervised ML techniques quantified key economic factors underlying agricultural trade flows, neural network approaches provide better fits over the long term.
A healthcare worker and patient-informed approach to oral antibiotic decision making during the hospital-to-home transition
Authors: Sharara Sima L. , Arbaje Alicia I. , Cosgrove Sara E. , Gurses Ayse P. , Dzintars Kathryn , Ladikos Nicholas , Qasba S. Sonia , Keller Sara C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a qualitative study of healthcare workers and patients discharged on oral antibiotics, we identified 5 barriers to antibiotic decision making at hospital discharge: clinician perceptions of patient expectations, diagnostic uncertainty, attending physician–led versus multidisciplinary team culture, not accounting for total antibiotic duration, and need for discharge prior to complete data.
Explaining the Relationship Between Class Position and Political Preferences: A Long-Term Panel Analysis of Intra-Generational Class Mobility
Authors: Langsæther Peter Egge , Evans Geoffrey , O'Grady Tom 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPast findings on the connection between class position and political preferences are overwhelmingly derived from cross-sectional studies, which provided a limited basis for inferring causality. This study uses long-term panel data on thousands of British respondents to measure the impact of intra-generational class mobility across a range of political identities and preferences. Upward class mobility leads to small increases in economic conservatism, but party choice, class identity and attitudes to non-economic issues do not change. This updating of economic values is much smaller than cross-sectional differences between classes. These results are consistent with the short-run effects of class mobility operating primarily through a limited economic self-interest mechanism. Beliefs that are plausibly unconnected to economics are unaffected. The overall association between class and a range of identities, opinions and preferences is therefore more likely to be caused by early life experiences and longer-term socialization than by the immediate material interests associated with jobs.
Distributive Politics in Canada: The Case of Infrastructure Spending in Rural and Suburban Districts
Authors: Jacques Olivier , Ferland Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article examines the presence of geographically targeted spending in the allocation of infrastructure projects in Canada. Building on formal models of distributive politics, we expect government districts, core government districts and swing districts to be advantaged in terms of infrastructure projects. We also investigate whether characteristics of Members of Parliament (MPs), such as seniority or holding a cabinet position, influence the distribution of infrastructure projects. Empirically, we analyze the amount of funding allocated by Infrastructure Canada across non-urban federal electoral districts between 2006 and 2018. Our results indicate that non-urban governmental districts receive, on average, more money than opposition districts, and that this is even more the case for core government districts. In contrast, we found little evidence that cabinet ministers or senior MPs are able to attract more funding to their constituencies compared to other representatives.
Does the radioactive iodine dose affect smell, taste sensation and nose function?
Authors: Tutar B , Özülker T , Berkiten G , Karaketir S , Ekincioğlu M E , Saltürk Z , Onaran Ö , Gürpınar B , Karaketir Ş , Kumral T L , Uyar Y 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo detect whether the adverse effects of post-operative radioactive iodine therapy following differentiated thyroid cancer on smell, taste and nasal functions were associated with radioactive iodine dose.MethodsFifty-one patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy because of differentiated thyroid cancer were divided into two groups depending on the post-operative radioactive iodine therapy dose: low dose group (50 mCi; 21 patients) and high dose group (100–150 mCi; 30 patients). The Sniffin’ Sticks smell test, the Taste Strips test and the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test were performed on all patients one week before therapy, and at two months and one year following therapy.ResultsStatistically significant differences were detected in the Sniffin’ Sticks test results, total odour scores, total taste scores and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test results between the assessment time points. There was no statistically significant difference between the low and high dose groups in terms of odour, taste or Sino-Nasal Outcome Test scores either before or after therapy.ConclusionRadioactive iodine therapy has some short- and long-term adverse effects on nasal functions and taste and odour sensations, which affect quality of life. These effects are not dose-dependent.
Hearing results after stapedotomy for otosclerosis: comparison of prosthesis variables
Authors: Odat H , Kanaan Y , Alali M , Al-Qudah M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of different piston variables on hearing following stapedotomy.MethodsData were analysed in groups according to: piston material (titanium vs fluoroplastic), shaft diameter (0.4 mm vs 0.5 mm) and crimping style (manual crimping vs self-crimping). Pre- and post-operative average air–bone gap, air–bone gap difference, success rate and operative time were evaluated.Results and conclusionFifty-one patients (58 ears) were included. A post-operative air–bone gap of 10 dB or lower was achieved in 44 cases, with a success rate of 75.9 per cent; 52 cases (89.7 per cent) had an air–bone gap of 20 dB or lower. The success rate was higher, but not significantly, in fluoroplastic than in titanium pistons (85 per cent vs 70 per cent). Pistons with shaft diameters of 0.5 mm and 0.4 mm had success rates of 79 per cent and 72 per cent, respectively. No significant differences were found for any audiometric parameters. There were no significant differences between manual crimping and self-crimping pistons in terms of audiometric results or success rate.
Use of lidocaine with phenylephrine (Co-phenylcaine) spray for anaesthesia of the external auditory canal
Authors: Lim A E , Alatsatianos A , Wardrop P 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveA method is described for topical local anaesthesia of the tympanic membrane and ear canal using lidocaine and phenylephrine (Co-phenylcaine) spray and soaked micropatties.DiscussionThe advantages of this method are discussed in comparison to existing methods.
Response of a southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) population to three years of Marine Protected Area implementation within South Australia
Authors: McLeay Lachlan , Linnane Adrian , McGarvey Richard , Bryars Simon , Hawthorne Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park (WKIMP) was declared as part of South Australia's representative system of Marine Protected Areas in 2009. Sanctuary Zone 3 (SZ-3) of the WKIMP is a no-take area protected from fishing since 1 October 2014 and is located within the Northern Zone Rock Lobster Fishery (NZRLF). In February 2017, a dedicated survey was undertaken to estimate the relative abundance (catch per unit effort (CPUE), kg/potlift) and size of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) inside and outside SZ-3. Survey results were then compared with historical estimates of abundance and size obtained from commercial fishery-dependent data. Survey estimates of relative abundance of legal-size lobsters were 4.4 times greater inside SZ-3 compared with outside in 2017. Since 2014, when fishing was last permitted inside SZ-3, the relative abundance of lobsters increased by 75%. The mean size of legal-size female and male lobsters also increased by 4.1% and 12.5%, respectively. The population responses recorded are consistent with the results recorded for southern rock lobster stocks in marine parks in other jurisdictions.
Psychological distress from early adulthood to early old age: evidence from the 1946, 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts
Authors: Gondek Dawid , Bann David , Patalay Praveetha , Goodman Alissa , McElroy Eoin , Richards Marcus , Ploubidis George B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundExisting evidence on profiles of psychological distress across adulthood uses cross-sectional or longitudinal studies with short observation periods. The objective of this research was to study the profile of psychological distress within the same individuals from early adulthood to early old age across three British birth cohorts.MethodsWe used data from three British birth cohorts: born in 1946 (n= 3093), 1958 (n= 13 250) and 1970 (n= 12 019). The profile of psychological distress – expressed both as probability of being a clinical case or a count of symptoms based on comparable items within and across cohorts – was modelled using the multilevel regression framework.ResultsIn both 1958 and 1970 cohorts, there was an initial drop in the probability of being a case between ages 23–26 and 33–34. Subsequently, the predicted probability of being a case increased from 12.5% at age 36 to 19.5% at age 53 in the 1946 cohort; from 8.0% at age 33 to 13.7% at age 42 in the 1958 cohort and from 15.7% at age 34 to 19.7% at age 42 in the 1970 cohort. In the 1946 cohort, there was a drop in the probability of caseness between ages 60–64 and 69 (19.5%v.15.2%). Consistent results were obtained with the continuous version of the outcome.ConclusionsAcross three post-war British birth cohorts midlife appears to be a particularly vulnerable phase for experiencing psychological distress. Understanding the reasons for this will be important for the prevention and management of mental health problems.
Intentions to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: the importance of perceived susceptibility to health risks
Authors: Dono Joanne , Ettridge Kerry A , Wakefield Melanie , Pettigrew Simone , Coveney John , Roder David , Durkin Sarah , Wittert Gary , Martin Jane , Miller Caroline L 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:There are numerous health effects associated with excess sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Interventions aimed at reducing population-level consumption require understanding of the relevant barriers and facilitators. This study aimed to identify the variables with the strongest relationship with intentions to reduce SSB consumption from a suite of variables derived from the literature.Design:Random-digit dialling of landline and mobile phones was used to survey adults using computer-assisted telephone interviews. The outcome variable was ‘likelihood of reducing SSB consumption in next 6 months’, and the predictor variables were demographics, SSB attitudes and behaviour, health risk perceptions and social/environmental exposure.Setting:Australia.Participants:A subsample of 1630 regular SSB consumers from a nationally representative sample of 3430 Australian adults (38 % female, 51 % aged 18–45 years, 56 % overweight or obese).Results:Respondents indicated that they were ‘not at all’ (30·1 %), ‘somewhat’ (43·9 %) and ‘very likely’ (25·3 %) to reduce SSB consumption. Multivariate nominal logistic regressions showed that perceiving future health to be ‘very much’ at risk was the strongest predictor of intention to reduce SSB consumption (OR = 8·1, 95 % CI 1·8, 37·0, P < 0·01). Other significant predictors (P < 0·01) included self-perceptions about too much consumption, habitual consumption, difficulty reducing consumption and likelihood of benefitting from reduced consumption.Conclusions:Health risk perceptions had the strongest relationship with intentions to reduce consumption. Age and consumption perceptions were also predictors in the multivariate models, whereas social/environmental exposure variables were not. Interventions may seek to incorporate strategies to denormalise consumption practices and increase knowledge about perceived susceptibility to health risks.
Prospective association between dietary patterns and BMI Z-score in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Arruda Neta Adélia CP , Farias Junior José Cazuza , Lima Ferreira Flávia EL , Marchioni Dirce M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:To identify dietary patterns and prospectively evaluate their influence on the BMI Z-score of adolescents.Design:A longitudinal study, using data from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits and Adolescent Health – LONCAAFS.Setting:To obtain data on food consumption, a 24-h recall survey was conducted; a second 24-h recall was applied to 30 % of the sample in all waves. Dietary patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis using principal components. BMI Z-score was determined according to the recommendation of the WHO, based on the BMI for age and sex. Socio-economic data, sedentary behaviour and physical activity level were obtained. Associations between BMI Z-score and dietary patterns and between BMI Z-score and variables of interest were determined using generalised estimating equations.Participants:Totally, 1431 adolescents were assessed in 2014, 1178 in 2015, 959 in 2016 and 773 in 2017, belonging to the public schools of João Pessoa, Northeast Brazil.Results:Three dietary patterns were identified throughout the study: ‘traditional’, ‘snacks’ and ‘Western’. The ‘Western’ dietary pattern was positively associated with BMI Z-score (β = 0·025; 95 % CI 0·002, 0·048), regardless of sex and physical activity level, prospectively.Conclusion:A dietary pattern composed of foods with high energy density, high fat and sugars, and low fibre influences the BMI Z-score of adolescents over time.
Impact of palliative care on end-of-life care and place of death in children, adolescents, and young adults with life-limiting conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Lin Shih-Chun , Huang Mei-Chih , Yasmara Deni , Wuu Huey-Lan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of palliative care (PC) on end-of-life (EoL) care and the place of death (PoD) in children, adolescents, and young adults with life-limiting conditions.MethodEight online databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Airiti, GARUDA Garba Rujukan Digital, and OpenGrey) from 2010 to February 5, 2020 were searched for studies investigating EoL care and the PoD for pediatric patients receiving and not receiving PC.ResultsOf the 6,468 citations identified, 14 cohort studies and one case series were included. An evidence base of mainly adequate- and strong-quality studies shows that inpatient hospital PC, either with or without the provision of home and community PC, was found to be associated with a decrease in intensive care use and high-intensity EoL care. Conflicting evidence was found for the association between PC and hospital admissions, length of stay in hospital, resuscitation at the time of death, and the proportion of hospital and home deaths.Significance of resultsCurrent evidence suggests that specialist, multidisciplinary involvement, and continuity of PC are required to reduce the intensity of EoL care. Careful attention should be paid to the need for a longer length of stay in a medical setting late in life, and earlier EoL care discussion should take place with patients/caregivers, especially in regard to attempting resuscitation in toddlers, adolescents, and the young adult population. A lack of robust evidence has identified a gap in rigorous multisite prospective studies utilizing data collection.
The Role of the Environment in Overweight and Eating Behavior Variability: Insights from a Multivariate Twin Study
Authors: Herle Moritz , Madrid-Valero Juan J. , Morosoli José J. , Colodro-Conde Lucía , Ordoñana Juan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch has emphasized the genetic basis of individual differences in body mass index (BMI); however, genetic factors cannot explain the rapid rise of obesity. Eating behaviors have been stipulated to be the behavioral expression of genetic risk in an obesogenic environment. In this study, we decompose variation and covariation between three key eating behaviors and BMI in a sample of 698 participants, consisting of 167 monozygotic, 150 dizygotic complete same-sex female twins and 64 incomplete pairs from a population-based twin registry in the southeast of Spain, The Murcia Twin Registry. Phenotypes were emotional eating, uncontrolled eating and cognitive restraint, measured by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and objectively measured BMI. Variation in eating behaviors was driven by nonshared environmental factors (range: 56%−65%), whereas shared environmental and genetic factors were secondary. All three eating behaviors were correlated with BMI (r = .19–.25). Nonshared environmental factors explained the covariations (Emotional eating–Uncontrolled eating: rE = .54, 95% CI [.43, .64]; BMI–Cognitive restraint: rE = .15, 95% CI [.01, .28]). In contrast to BMI, individual differences in eating behaviors are mostly explained by nonshared environmental factors, which also accounted for the phenotypic correlation between eating behaviors and BMI. Due to the sample size, analyses were underpowered to detect contributions of additive genetic or shared environmental factors to variation and covariation of the phenotypes. Although more research is granted, these results support that eating behaviors could be viable intervention targets to help individuals maintain a healthy weight.