bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tunguska sized airburst destroyed Tall el-Hammam a Middle Bronze Age city in the Jordan Valley near the Dead Sea
Authors: Bunch Ted E. , LeCompte Malcolm A. , Adedeji A. Victor , Wittke James H. , Burleigh T. David , Hermes Robert E. , Mooney Charles , Batchelor Dale , Wolbach Wendy S. , Kathan Joel , Kletetschka Gunther , Patterson Mark C. L. , Swindel Edward C. , Witwer Timothy , Howard George A. , Mitra Siddhartha , Moore Christopher R. , Langworthy Kurt , Kennett James P. , West Allen , Silvia Phillip J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present evidence that in ~ 1650 BCE (~ 3600 years ago), a cosmic airburst destroyed Tall el-Hammam, a Middle-Bronze-Age city in the southern Jordan Valley northeast of the Dead Sea. The proposed airburst was larger than the 1908 explosion over Tunguska, Russia, where a ~ 50-m-wide bolide detonated with ~ 1000× more energy than the Hiroshima atomic bomb. A city-wide ~ 1.5-m-thick carbon-and-ash-rich destruction layer contains peak concentrations of shocked quartz (~ 5–10 GPa); melted pottery and mudbricks; diamond-like carbon; soot; Fe- and Si-rich spherules; CaCO3 spherules from melted plaster; and melted platinum, iridium, nickel, gold, silver, zircon, chromite, and quartz. Heating experiments indicate temperatures exceeded 2000 °C. Amid city-side devastation, the airburst demolished 12+ m of the 4-to-5-story palace complex and the massive 4-m-thick mudbrick rampart, while causing extreme disarticulation and skeletal fragmentation in nearby humans. An airburst-related influx of salt (~ 4 wt.%) produced hypersalinity, inhibited agriculture, and caused a ~ 300–600-year-long abandonment of ~ 120 regional settlements within a > 25-km radius. Tall el-Hammam may be the second oldest city/town destroyed by a cosmic airburst/impact, after Abu Hureyra, Syria, and possibly the earliest site with an oral tradition that was written down (Genesis). Tunguska-scale airbursts can devastate entire cities/regions and thus, pose a severe modern-day hazard.
Effects of increasing axial load on cervical motor control
Authors: Rafique David , Heggli Ursula , Bron Denis , Colameo David , Schweinhardt Petra , Swanenburg Jaap 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo investigate the effects of increasing axial load on cervical motor control. Surrogates of cervical motor control were active cervical range of motion (C-ROM) and joint position error (JPE) assessed in flexion, extension, lateroflexion and rotation directions in 49 healthy young men (mean age: 20.2 years). All measurements were executed with 0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-kg axial loads. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effects of axial loading and cervical movement-direction on C-ROM and JPE. Post-hoc analysis was performed to compare load levels. Axial loading (p = 0.045) and movement direction (p < 0.001) showed significant main effects on C-ROM as well as an interaction (p < 0.001). C-ROM significantly changed with 3-kg axial load by decreaseing extension (− 13.6%) and increasing lateroflexion (+ 9.9%). No significant main effect was observed of axial loading on JPE (p = 0.139). Cervical motor control is influenced by axial loading, which results in decreased C-ROM in extension and increased C-ROM lateroflexion direction.
Characterization of two β-galactosidases LacZ and WspA1 from Nostoc flagelliforme with focus on the latter’s central active region
Authors: Gao Xiang , Liu Litao , Cui Lijuan , Zheng Tao , Ji Boyang , Liu Ke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe identification and characterization of new β-galactosidases will provide diverse candidate enzymes for use in food processing industry. In this study, two β-galactosidases, Nf-LacZ and WspA1, from the terrestrial cyanobacteriumNostoc flagelliformewere heterologously expressed inEscherichia coli, followed by purification and biochemical characterization. Nf-LacZ was characterized to have an optimum activity at 40 °C and pH 6.5, different from that (45 °C and pH 8.0) of WspA1. Two enzymes had a similar Michaelis constant (Km = 0.5 mmol/liter) against the substrate o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside. Their activities could be inhibited by galactostatin bisulfite, with IC50 values of 0.59 µM for Nf-LacZ and 1.18 µM for WspA1, respectively. Gel filtration analysis suggested that the active form of WspA1 was a dimer, while Nf-LacZ was functional as a larger multimer. WspA1 was further characterized by the truncation test, and its minimum central region was found to be from residues 188 to 301, having both the glycosyl hydrolytic and transgalactosylation activities. Finally, transgenic analysis with the GFP reporter protein found that the N-terminus of WspA1 (35 aa) might play a special role in the export of WspA1 from cells. In summary, this study characterized two cyanobacterial β-galactosidases for potential applications in food industry.
“Indirect development” increases reproductive plasticity and contributes to the success of scyphozoan jellyfish in the oceans
Authors: D’Ambra Isabella , Merquiol Louise , Graham William M. , Costello John H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEcologists and evolutionary biologists have been looking for the key(s) to the success of scyphomedusae through their long evolutionary history in multiple habitats. Their ability to generate young medusae (ephyrae) via two distinct reproductive strategies, strobilation or direct development from planula into ephyra without a polyp stage, has been a potential explanation. In addition to these reproductive modes, here we provide evidence of a third ephyral production which has been rarely observed and often confused with direct development from planula into ephyra. Planulae of Aurelia relicta Scorrano et al. 2017 and Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778) settled and formed fully-grown polyps which transformed into ephyrae within several days. In distinction to monodisk strobilation, the basal polyp of indirect development was merely a non-tentaculate stalk that dissolved shortly after detachment of the ephyra. We provide a fully detailed description of this variant that increases reproductive plasticity within scyphozoan life cycles and is different than either true direct development or the monodisk strobilation. Our observations of this pattern in co-occurrence with mono- and polydisk strobilation in Aurelia spp. suggest that this reproductive mode may be crucial for the survival of some scyphozoan populations within the frame of a bet-hedging strategy and contribute to their long evolutionary success throughout the varied conditions of past and future oceans.
Non-invasive diagnostic tool for Parkinson’s disease by sebum RNA profile with machine learning
Authors: Uehara Yuya , Ueno Shin-Ichi , Amano-Takeshige Haruka , Suzuki Shuji , Imamichi Yoko , Fujimaki Motoki , Ota Noriyasu , Murase Takatoshi , Inoue Takayoshi , Saiki Shinji , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease presenting with motor and non-motor symptoms, including skin disorders (seborrheic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, and rosacea), skin pathological changes (decreased nerve endings and alpha-synuclein deposition), and metabolic changes of sebum. Recently, a transcriptome method using RNA in skin surface lipids (SSL-RNAs) which can be obtained non-invasively with an oil-blotting film was reported as a novel analytic method of sebum. Here we report transcriptome analyses using SSL-RNAs and the potential of these expression profiles with machine learning as diagnostic biomarkers for PD in double cohorts (PD [n = 15, 50], controls [n = 15, 50]). Differential expression analysis between the patients with PD and healthy controls identified more than 100 differentially expressed genes in the two cohorts. In each cohort, several genes related to oxidative phosphorylation were upregulated, and gene ontology analysis using differentially expressed genes revealed functional processes associated with PD. Furthermore, machine learning using the expression information obtained from the SSL-RNAs was able to efficiently discriminate patients with PD from healthy controls, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.806. This non-invasive gene expression profile of SSL-RNAs may contribute to early PD diagnosis based on the neurodegeneration background.
Non‐destructive inspection for FRPM pipeline using periodic pattern of microwave guided‐modes on cylindrical dielectric waveguide
Authors: Matsukawa Sayaka , Yoshida Kosuke , Okuda Tadahiro , Hazama Masaya , Kurokawa Satoru , Murata Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe authors propose a new non‐destructive inspection method for underground fiberglass‐reinforced plastic mortar pipelines utilizing the periodic patterns of microwave guided‐modes on a hollow cylindrical dielectric waveguide. By the spatial synthesis of the microwaves utilizing the periodicity in the circumferential direction of a pipe, the authors found that a periodic pattern of the microwaves such as the Talbot effect with producing self‐images at the Talbot distance, was observed over the pipe‐wall. Further, adjusting the phase relationship between adjoining antenna elements changed the positions of the peak and null in the periodic pattern on the pipe‐wall. Additionally, when an unwanted foreign object was attached to the pipe, the periodic pattern of the microwaves can be disturbed according to the size and position of the object, and it is possible to inspect the pipeline using narrow‐band microwave signals. This paper experimentally demonstrated the successful detection of a foreign object on the pipe‐wall by scanning Talbot‐like patterns with a sensor along the pipe‐wall. This technique enables the non‐destructive inspection of pipelines using only narrow‐band, licence‐free microwave signals.
Angular‐flexible network for light field image super‐resolution
Authors: Liang Zhengyu , Wang Yingqian , Wang Longguang , Yang Jungang , Zhou Shilin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLight field (LF) cameras capture scenes from multiple views and provide additional angular information for image super‐resolution (SR). Existing CNN‐based LF image SR methods commonly develop specific models for different angular resolutions. However, since the angular resolution can vary significantly with different LF devices, these methods have limited flexibility for real‐world applications. Here, an angular‐flexible network to use a single model to super‐resolve LF images of arbitrary angular resolution is proposed. In this method, spatial and angular feature extractors are designed to achieve angular‐flexible feature extraction, and develop a decouple‐and‐fuse module for SR reconstruction. Moreover, a mixed‐angular‐resolution training strategy is proposed to further enhance the angular flexibility. Experimental results on five public datasets demonstrate the state‐of‐the‐art performance of the method. Source codes are available at https://github.com/ZhengyuLiang24/LF‐AFnet. Here, an angular‐flexible network for light field image super‐resolution is proposed. The network can handle LFs captured by different kinds of devices with arbitrary angular resolutions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superior performance of the method.
Parallel connected GaN E‐HEMT VSI‐based servo drives for PMSMs
Authors: Yuruk Huseyin , Keysan Ozan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe operation of parallel‐connected servo drives has the advantages of increasing the torque (hence the power) capacity, reliability, redundancy and modularity. However, smaller discrepancies of the system clocks of the independent microcontrollers, asynchronous pulse width modulation (PWM) carrier signals and hardware differences can make the output voltages of the parallel modules non‐identical, which results in circulating currents. These circulating currents limit the parallel operation, introduce additional power dissipation, cause unbalanced power distribution and degrade the control performance. To eliminate the circulating currents separated DC supplies, coupled inductors (CIs), PWM techniques, modified control techniques etc. are proposed in the literature. In this study, a fault‐tolerant parallel‐connected gallium nitride enhancement‐mode high electron mobility transistor voltage source inverter‐based servo drive scheme that eliminates the need for CIs and separate DC supplies and also enables the use of a standard proportional‐integral current control and a standard space vector PWM approach is proposed and tested. To evaluate the performances of the proposed scheme, up to six servo drives (limit‐6 × 7 Arms) are connected in parallel and tested under various conditions with a 24 V permanent magnet synchronous motor (nominal‐61.9 Arms). The results show that the parallel operation not only increases the torque capacity of the system but also increases modularity, flexibility, reliability and also redundancy.
Trident‐YOLO: Improving the precision and speed of mobile device object detection
Authors: Wang Guanbo , Ding, Hongwei , Li Bo , Nie Rencan , Zhao Yifan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper introduce an efficient object detection network named Trident‐You Only Look Once (YOLO), which is designed for mobile devices with limited computing power. The new architecture is improved based on YOLO v4‐tiny. The authors redesign the network structure and propose a trident feature pyramid network (Trident‐FPN), which can improve the precision and recall of lightweight object detection. Specifically, Trident‐FPN increases the computational complexity by only a small amount of floating point operations per second (FLOPs) and obtains a multi‐scale feature map of the model, which significantly lightweight object detection performance. To enlarge the receptive field of the network with the fewest FLOPs, this paper redesign the receptive field block (RFB) and spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) layer and propose tinier cross‐stage partial RFBs and smaller cross‐stage partial SPPs. This paper present extensive experiments, and Trident‐YOLO shows strong performance compared to that of other popular models on the PASCAL VOC and MS COCO. On the MS COCO and PASCAL VOC 2007 test sets, the mean average precision (mAP) of Trident‐YOLO improved by 4.5% and 5.0%, respectively. Trident‐YOLO also reduce the network size by more than 54.4% compared to YOLO v4‐tiny. With a 23.7% FLOP reduction, the FPS is improved by 1.9 on an Nvidia Jetson Xavier NX.
Multi-layer endoscopic suturing: a novel method of gastric fistula closure
Authors: Jovani Manol , Zhang Linda , Huang Yuting , Kumbhari Vivek 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Current endoscopic methods of treating gastric fistulas are either too complex or have high rates of recurrence. We aimed to provide a novel endoscopic method for robust fistula closure.
Patients and methods This was a single-center, retrospective study of five patients who underwent multi-layer endoscopic suturing for closing of a chronic fistula (> 4 weeks). Devitalization of the fistula tract was achieved with argon plasma coagulation, followed by endoscopic suturing of the fistula. Then, endoscopic suturing of the gastric wall surrounding the fistula was performed, creating an overlay of healthy gastric mucosa around the fistula.
Results Technical success (fistula closure on the day of the procedure) was achieved in all five patients, with no complications. After a median follow up of 5 months (range 2–23 months), there was a 100 % clinical success rate (no fistula recurrence).
Conclusions Our single-operator method of multi-layer endoscopic suturing provides a robust fistula closure with minimal to no risk of recurrence. In light of limitations of current fistula closure methods, further investigations are warranted to better define long-term outcomes with it compared to alternative methods.
Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers detected within 10 years after a previous negative examination
Authors: Kodama Kenta , Miyachi Hideyuki , Kudo Shin-ei , Wakamura Kunihiko , Maeda Yasuharu , Ichimasa Katsuro , Ogawa Yushi , Kouyama Yuta , Abe Masahiro , Ogura Yohei , Okumura Taishi , Mochizuki Kenichi , Minegishi Yosuke , Ishiyama Misaki , Mori Yuichi , Misawa Masashi , Kudo Toyoki , Hayashi Takemasa , Ishida Fumio , Watanabe Daisuke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims We sometimes encounter colorectal cancer (CRC) that is discovered during the time interval between initial colonoscopy and the recommended follow-up examination. Although several studies reported such cases of CRC, most were based on registry data, which implied that the endoscopic quality was not consistent or guaranteed. We aimed to clarify these clinical and endoscopic characteristics at our high-volume center where a retrospective survey could be precisely performed.
Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with CRC who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery from April 2002 to December 2010, categorizing them into two groups: a “study group” of patients with a negative colonoscopy during the previous 10 years, and a “control group” of patients without a previous colonoscopy or with a previous colonoscopy more than 10 years prior.
Results A total of 2042 patients had CRC, among which 55 patients were classified into the study group and the remaining 1989 into the control group. The CRC cases in the study group showed a significant association with smaller (< 30 mm) tumor size (odds ratio [OR] 2.3; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.3–4.0) and proximal tumor site (OR 1.7; 95 %CI 0.9–2.9). In addition, right-sided and depressed-type T1 CRCs were significantly more common in the study group.
Conclusions Tumor size and location were associated with CRCs detected within 10 years after the negative examination. In addition, depressed-type T1 CRCs were more common. Therefore, we should pay more attention to small, right-sided, or depressed-type tumors in daily colonoscopy.
Possibility of new shielding device for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Kikuchi Daisuke , Ariyoshi Daiki , Suzuki Yugo , Ochiai Yorinari , Odagiri Hiroyuki , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Tanaka Masami , Morishima Tetsuya , Kimura Keita , Ezawa Hiroshi , Iwamoto Risa , Matsuwaki Yoshinori , Hoteya Shu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Infection control is essential when performing endoscopic procedures, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we have developed a new shielding device called STEP for infection control in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Patients and methods STEP consists of a mask worn by the patient and a drape that is connected to the mask and covers the endoscope. A suction tube attached to the mask prevents aerosols from spreading. The endoscopist operates the endoscope through the drape. Three endoscopists performed a total of 18 examinations using an upper endoscopy training model with and without STEP. Endoscopic images were evaluated by three other endoscopists, using a visual analog scale. We also simulated contact, droplet, and aerosol infection and evaluated the utility of STEP.
Results All examinations were conducted without a problem. Mean procedure time was 126.3 ± 11.6 seconds with STEP and 122.3 ± 10.0 seconds without STEP. The mean visual analog score was 90.7 ± 10.1 with STEP and 90.4 ± 10.0 without STEP. In the contact model, adherence of simulated contaminants was 4.9 ± 1.4 % without STEP and 0 % with STEP. In the droplet model, the number of simulated contaminants attached to the paper was 338 273 ± 90 735 pixels without STEP and 0 with STEP. In the aerosol model, the total number of particles was 346 837 ± 9485 without STEP and was significantly reduced to 222 ± 174 with STEP.
Conclusions No effect on examination time or endoscopic image quality was observed when using STEP in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Using STEP reduced the diffusion of simulated contaminants in all three infection models.
Feasibility of resection and plication “RAP” technique for management of medically refractory GERD in patients with altered gastric anatomy
Authors: Walsh Patrick R. , Lamba Mehul , Benias Petros , Lafta Abdulnasser , Hopkins George 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common, especially in patients after gastric surgery. Medical management of GERD is ineffective in up to 30 % patients and revisional gastric surgery for management of GERD is associated with higher morbidity. We aimed to assess the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of a novel endoscopic resection and plication (RAP) anti-reflux procedure for management of medically refractory GERD in patients with altered gastric anatomy.
Patients and methods The RAP procedure involves endoscopic mucosal resection and full-thickness plication over the right posterior-medial axis extending 15 mm above and 20 to 30 mm below the squamocolumnar junction. Adverse events, technical feasibility, GERD health-related quality-of-life (GERD-HRQL) scores, and medication use were prospectively recorded.
Results Twenty consecutive patients with previous gastric surgery underwent RAP between September 2018 and August 2020 with a median follow-up of 5.7 months. The median procedure duration was 66 minutes (IQR 53.8–89.5). RAP was technically successful in 19 patients. One patient developed gastric hemorrhage from suture dehiscence, which was managed endoscopically, and four patients developed esophageal stricture requiring endoscopic dilation. Following the RAP procedure, significant improvement in GERD-HRQL score was observed (mean 26.9, 95 %CI 23.36–30.55, P < 0.01). Fourteen of 19 patients reported > 50 % improvement in GERD-HRQL scores. Sixteen of 18 patients reported reduction in requirement for or cessation of antacid therapy.
Conclusions Patients with refractory GERD after gastric surgery have limited therapeutic options. We have demonstrated that the RAP procedure is feasible, safe, and clinically effective at short-term follow-up. It provides a potential alternative to revisional surgery in patients with altered gastric anatomy.
Undetected Long-Term Hypothyroidism Caused by Hashimoto’s
Thyroiditis with Severe Cardiac Complications – An Unusual Case of Child
Neglect
Authors: Otto Schneider Karl 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionNeglect in childhood may often be undetected for a long time. Parents of patients of
handicapped children are often unable to cope with multiple medical and
psychological problems that exist with such patients despite support by the health
services [Jacobi G, Dettmeyer R, Banaschak S, Brosig B et al. Child abuse and
neglect: diagnosis and management. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2010; 107: 231–240].
This is especially true for patients with trisomy 21 because they frequently suffer
from complex congenital heart disease, feeding difficulties and behaviour anomalies.
Additionally, various degrees of hypothyroidism are very frequent in Down syndrome
but rarely lead – as in our case – to a life threatening
disease.