bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The analysis of some special results of a Lasota–Wazewska model with mixed variable delays
Authors: Yazgan Ramazan , Tunç Osman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study is about getting some conditions that guarantee the existence and uniqueness of the weighted pseudo almost periodic (WPAP) solutions of a Lasota–Wazewska model with time-varying delays. Some adequate conditions have been obtained for the existence and uniqueness of the WPAP solutions of the Lasota–Wazewska model, which we dealt with using some differential inequalities, the WPAP theory, and the Banach fixed point theorem. Besides, an application is given to demonstrate the accuracy of the conditions of our main results.
Proteomic analyses on the browning of shade-dried Thompson seedless grape
Authors: Liu Fengjuan , Huang Wenshu , Feng Zuoshan , Tao Yongxia , Fan Yingying , He Weizhong , Li XiaoLi , Fang Xiaotong , Wang Cheng , Bai Yujia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChina is one of the main producers in the worldwide raisin market. Most China’s raisins are produced in Xinjiang where the Thompson seedless grape (Vitis vinifera L.cv.Thompson seedless) is the main variety of green raisin. However, the browning of Thompson seedless grape during drying has been well-acknowledged as the primary factor affecting the development of the raisin industry. Data independent acquisition (DIA)-based protein profiling was performed on fresh and shade-dried Thompson seedless grapes. As a result, 5431 proteins were identified, among which the amounts of 739 proteins in fresh grape were found to be significantly different with those in dried grape. The functional annotation based on the Blast2GO showed that the ‘organic substance metabolic process’, ‘regulation of molecular function’, ‘enzyme regulator activity’, and ‘isomerase activity’ related proteins became very active during browning. Further analyses revealed that the browning-related proteins, which with significant different amounts in fresh and in dried grapes, are primarily involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation metabolism, plutathione metabolism, peroxisome pathway, and fatty acid degradation. And five random differential proteins were verified with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The PRM results were in agreement with the DIA data. The main browning-related proteins of Thompson seedless grape were identified in this study. Their properties were tested, and their roles in the browning mechanism were indicated. This will lay base to a better understanding on the enzymatic browning of Thompson seedless grape, and it will also provide guidance for controlling the quality of Thompson seedless grapes in industry.
Urban planning and the market of development rights in Italy: learning from Milan
Authors: Serra Sergio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the influence of neoliberal principles has led to an experimental application of new market-oriented approaches in the field of urban studies, in order to achieve different objectives of public interest, from the compensation of land use restrictions to the acquisition of areas for public services. Also in Italy, the use of equalization and non-financial compensation mechanisms has been influenced by internationally consolidated models, such as the Transfer of Development Rights programs (TDR). The key issue concerns the legal autonomy of development rights from land ownership, allowing their trade in the municipal market and thus, in theory, balancing private and public benefits. The scientific debate focuses on the several opportunities, in terms of planning effectiveness and flexibility, but also envisages the risk to generate unfairness, deregulation and other speculations. The paper aims to assess the positive and negative impacts of a generalized use of TDR in the urban governance and in the real estate market, adopting a case study research method. The experience of Milan has been investigated, analyzing the municipal registry of development rights. The results highlight strengths and weaknesses of the market of development rights application, in particular the risk of encouraging real estate speculation, in the same way as financial markets. Conclusions suggest the need of a more effective integration of market-based tools in the planning and regulatory framework, avoiding that their uncontrolled use could weaken the role of public authority in the local government.
Fundamental underpinnings of simulation education: describing a four-component instructional design approach to healthcare simulation fellowships
Authors: Meguerdichian Michael J. , Bajaj Komal , Walker Katie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough in 2020, there are more than 120 healthcare simulation fellowships established globally, there is a paucity of literature on how to design fellowship programs most effectively, to equip graduates with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of a competent simulation educator. Offering a systematic structure to approach simulation fellowship programmatic design may aid in better achieving program goals. In this manuscript, we present the application of the 4-component instructional design model as a blueprint to the development of Simulation Education Fellowships. We offer examples used at the NYC Health + Hospitals simulation fellowship to illustrate how the 4-component model informs fellowship program design which promotes the development of a simulation educator. This manuscript will provide a roadmap to designing curricula and assessment practices including self-reflective logbooks to focus the path toward achieving desired skills and shape future conversations around programmatic development.
Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal schistosomiasis and human fascioliasis among school children in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekana Teshome , Berhe Nega , Eguale Tadesse , Aemero Mulugeta , Medhin Girmay , Tulu Begna , G/hiwot Yirgalem , Liang Song , Hu Wei , Erko Berhanu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Schistosomiasis and fascioliasis are digenean parasitic infections and are among the neglected tropical diseases that have both medical and veterinary importance. They are found mainly in areas having limited access to safe water supply and improved sanitation.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola species infections and to identify associated risk factors among school children in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Stool specimens were collected from 798 children (419 males, 379 females) and processed using Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration techniques. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and other exposure information to explore potential risk factors for the infections.

Results
The overall prevalence of S. mansoni and Fasciola species infections was 25.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22.5-28.6) and 5.5% (95% CI: 3.9-7.1), respectively. S. mansoni was present in all surveyed schools with the prevalence ranging from 12.8% (16/125; 95% CI = 5.6-20.0) to 39.7% (64/161; 95% CI = 32.2-47.2) while Fasciola species was identified in five schools with the prevalence ranging from 2.5% (4/160; 95% CI = 0.001–4.9) to 9.8% (13/133; 95% CI = 4.7–14.8). The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was significantly associated with swimming in rivers (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.79, 95% CI, 1.22–2.62; P=0.003), bathing in open freshwater bodies (AOR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.39–2.94; P<0.001) and engaging in irrigation activities (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.19-2.39; P=0.004), and was higher in children attending Addis Mender (AOR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.20–5.46; P=0.015 ) and Harbu schools (AOR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.64–7.59; P=0.001). Fasciola species infection was significantly associated with consumption of raw vegetables (AOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.23-4.97; P=0.011) and drinking water from unimproved sources (AOR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.11–4.70; P=0.026).

Conclusion
Both intestinal schistosomiasis and human fascioliasis are prevalent in the study area, affecting school children. Behaviors and access to unimproved water and sanitation are among significant risk factors. The findings are instrumental for targeted interventions.
The relationship of HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion genetic polymorphism to the risk of multiple sclerosis and its clinical phenotypes
Authors: Farghaly Wafaa M. , Saad Eldien Heba M. , Sayed Mohammed A. , Elnady Hassan M. , Khodeary Ashraf , Abdel-Gawad Abdelhady R. , El-Tallawy Hamdy N. , Abdellatif Mohammed G. , Alhewaig Hazem K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G molecule has been suggested to have a potential immunomodulatory role in multiple sclerosis (MS). Genetic variant sites of HLA-G molecule have been reported to be associated with autoimmune diseases. Identifying the genetic risk factors of MS may help in preventive strategies and anticipating disease progression. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of HLA-G 14-base-pair insertion/deletion (14-bp INS/DEL) genetic polymorphism on MS risk and clinical characteristics and to observe the clinical characteristics of the MS patients’ group. The study included 48 MS patients and 50 cross-matched healthy controls, who were recruited from Sohag and Assiut university hospitals. Genetic testing (14-bp Ins/Del gene polymorphism) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for patients and control groups. All patients had a detailed clinical assessment and have undergone measurement of disability using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).

Results
No statistically significant difference was found between MS patients and healthy controls (HC) in genotypic and allelic frequencies of HLA-G 14-bp INS/DEL polymorphism (P=0.305). No significant association was found between HLA-G 14-bp INS/DEL polymorphism genotypes and clinical characteristics or degree of disability of MS patients. The most frequent presenting symptoms of MS were motor symptoms. Fatigue was the most reported symptom along the course of MS disease.

Conclusion
Although it has been long known that HLA-G represents an important MS susceptibility locus, in this study, no significant relation could be detected between the 14-bp INS/DEL polymorphism genotype and MS susceptibility. MS risk susceptibility may be not linked to a single allele but may depend on the combination of different polymorphic genetic sites. In this study, the lack of genetic susceptibility may be attributed to ethnic factor.
Spontaneous gastric perforation: is it really common?
Authors: Hashim Imran , Talat Nabila , Iqbal Asif , Choudhary Muhammad Saleem , Haider Naveed , Nayyer Sajid Iqbal , Sharif Muhammad , Wasti Arslan Raza , Ahmad Sarfraz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Neonatal gastric perforation (NGP) is a rare, serious, and life-threatening condition which needs early recognition with prompt intervention for better prognosis. Its etiology is not yet well established, but multiple speculations have been put forth for its etiopathogenesis. Few most considered are traumatic, spontaneous, or secondary to inflammatory process like necrotizing enterocolitis. This study describes the etiological and prognostic factors for patients with NGP in our experience at a single center.

Results
A total of 46 neonates were included. Male gender predominated with M:F being 1.7:1. Most (n=36) neonates presented within 10 days of life whereas 8 neonates presented within 15 days. At presentation, gas under diaphragm was the most common radiologic finding in 25 (54.3%) neonates. On exploratory laparotomy, it was found that greater curvature was involved in maximum number of cases (n=27), followed by lesser curvature and anterior and posterior walls of the stomach. Most of perforations were within 1–5 cm in size. Gastrorrhaphy was done in all cases, and in two cases, feeding jejunostomy was done along with repair for feeding purpose. Finally, spontaneous NGP was diagnosed in 30 (60.8%), and NEC patches on other parts of the intestine were seen in 11 patients. Postoperatively, 28 neonates developed complications in the form of sepsis (n=13), wound infection (n=10), and burst abdomen (n=5). Regarding clinical outcome, 27 (58.7%) were discharged from the hospital whereas 19 (39.3%) patients died.

Conclusion
Our results show that spontaneous NGP is most commonly associated with NEC in our population, usually affecting the greater curvature. We observed a high mortality rate; however, good ICU care may improve the survival.
Rates of treatment-resistant schizophrenia from first-episode cohorts: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siskind Dan , Orr Stacy , Sinha Surabhi , Yu Ou , Brijball Bhavna , Warren Nicola , MacCabe James H , Smart Sophie E , Kisely Steve 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundTreatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is associated with high levels of functional impairment, healthcare usage and societal costs. Cross-sectional studies may overestimate TRS rates because of selection bias.AimsWe aimed to quantify TRS rates by using first-episode cohorts to improve resource allocation and clozapine access.MethodWe undertook a systematic review of TRS rates among people with first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia, with a minimum follow-up of 8 weeks. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and meta-analysed TRS rates from included studies.ResultsTwelve studies were included, totalling 11 958 participants; six studies were of high quality. The rate of TRS was 22.8% (95% CI 19.1–27.0%, P < 0.001) among all first-episode cohorts and 24.4% (95% CI 19.5–30.0%, P < 0.001) among first-episode schizophrenia cohorts. Subgroup sensitivity analyses by location of recruitment, TRS definition, study quality, time of data collection and retrospective versus prospective data collection did not lead to statistically significant differences in heterogeneity. In a meta-regression, duration of follow-up and percentage drop-out did not significantly affect the overall TRS rate. Men were 1.57 times more likely to develop TRS than women (95% CI 1.11–2.21, P = 0.010).ConclusionsAlmost a quarter of people with first-episode psychosis or schizophrenia will develop TRS in the early stages of treatment. When including people with schizophrenia who relapse despite initial response and continuous treatment, rates of TRS may be as high as a third. These high rates of TRS highlight the need for improved access to clozapine and psychosocial supports.
Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Receipt of Definitive Treatment and Time to Treatment Initiation by Racial and Ethnic Minorities and at Minority-Serving Hospitals: A Patient-Level and Facility-Level Analysis of Breast, Colon, Lung, and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nguyen David-Dan , Paciotti Marco , Marchese Maya , Cole Alexander P. , Cone Eugene B. , Kibel Adam S. , Ortega Gezzer , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Weissman Joel S. , Trinh Quoc-Dien 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE: We sought to investigate the association between Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act and access to stage-appropriate definitive treatment for breast, colon, non–small-cell lung, and prostate cancer for underserved racial and ethnic minorities and at minority-serving hospitals (MSHs). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, difference-in-differences study including minority patients with nonmetastatic breast, colon, non–small-cell lung, and prostate cancer and patients treated at MSHs between the age of 40 and 64, with tumors at stages eligible for definitive treatment from the National Cancer Database. We not only defined non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic cancer patients as racial and ethnic minorities but also report findings for non-Hispanic Black cancer patients separately. We examined the effect of Medicaid expansion on receipt of stage-appropriate definitive therapy, time to treatment initiation (TTI) within 30 days of diagnosis, and TTI within 90 days of diagnosis. RESULTS: Receipt of definitive treatment for minorities in expansion states did not change compared with minority patients in nonexpansion states. The proportion of racial and ethnic minorities in expansion states receiving treatment within 30 days increased (difference-in-differences: +3.62%; 95% CI, 1.63 to 5.61; P < .001) compared with minority patients in nonexpansion states; there was no change for TTI within 90 days. Analysis focused on Black cancer patients yielded similar results. In analyses stratified by MSH status, there was no change in receipt of definitive therapy, TTI within 30 days, and TTI within 90 days when comparing MSHs in expansion states with MSHs in nonexpansion states. CONCLUSION: In our cohort of cancer patients with treatment-eligible disease, we found no significant association between Medicaid expansion and changes in receipt of definitive treatment for breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancer for racial and ethnic minorities and at MSHs. Medicaid expansion was associated with improved TTI at the patient level for racial and ethnic minorities, but not at the facility level for MSHs. Targeted interventions addressing the needs of MSHs are still needed to continue mitigating national facility–level disparities in cancer outcomes.
Two definitions of maximally ψ-epistemic ontological model and preparation non-contextuality
Authors: Pan A. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn ontological model is termed as maximallyψ-epistemic if the overlap between any two quantum states is fully accounted for by the overlap of their respective probability distributions of ontic states. However, in the literature, there exist two different mathematical definitions (termed here as 1MψE and 2MψE) that capture the equivalent notion of maximalψ-epistemicity. In this work, we provide three theorems to critically examine the connections between preparation non-contextuality and the aforementioned two definitions of maximalψ-epistemicity. In theorem 1, we provide a simple and direct argument of an existing proof to demonstrate that the mixed state preparation non-contextuality implies the first definition of maximalψ-epistemicity. In theorem 2, we prove that the second definition of maximalψ-epistemicity implies pure-state preparation non-contextuality. If both the definitions capture the equivalent notion of maximalψ-epistemicity, then from the aforementioned two theorems one infers that the mixed-state preparation non-contextuality implies pure-state preparation non-contextuality. But, in theorem 3, we demonstrate that the mixed-state preparation non-contextuality in an ontological model implies pure-state contextuality and vice versa. This leads one to conclude that 1MψE and 2MψE capture inequivalent notions of maximalψ-epistemicity. The implications of our results and their connections to other no-go theorems are discussed.
Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with rational nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Kruglov S. I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We obtain an exact spherically symmetric and magnetically charged black hole solution in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity coupled with rational nonlinear electrodynamics. The thermodynamics of our model is studied. We calculate the Hawking temperature and the heat capacity of the black hole. The phase transitions occur in the point where the Hawking temperature possesses an extremum. We show that black holes are thermodynamically stable at some range of event horizon radii when the heat capacity is positive. The logarithmic correction to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is obtained.
Glycemic Patterns Are Distinct in Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia After Gastric Bypass (PBH-RYGB)
Authors: Lee Daniel , Dreyfuss Jonathan M , Sheehan Amanda , Puleio Alexa , Mulla Christopher M , Patti Mary Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
Severe hypoglycemia with neuroglycopenia, termed post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH). typically occurs postprandially, but it is also reported after activity or mid-nocturnally.

Objective
To quantify glycemia, glycemic variability, and magnitude/duration of low sensor glucose (SG) values in patients with PBH after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (PBH-RYGB).

Methods
This retrospective analysis of data from an academic medical center included individuals with PBH-RYGB (n = 40), reactive hypoglycemia without gastrointestinal surgery (Non-Surg Hypo, n = 20), prediabetes (Pre-DM, n = 14), newly diagnosed T2D (n = 5), and healthy controls (HC, n = 38). Masked continuous glucose monitoring (Dexcom G4) was used to assess patterns over 24 hours, daytime (6 am–midnight) and nighttime (midnight–6 am). Prespecified measures included mean and median SG, variability, and percent time at thresholds of sensor glucose.

Results
Mean and median SG were similar for PBH-RYGB and HC (mean: 99.8 ± 18.6 vs 96.9 ± 10.2 mg/dL; median: 93.0 ± 14.8 vs 94.5 ± 7.4 mg/dL). PBH-RYGB had a higher coefficient of variation (27.3 ± 6.8 vs 17.9 ± 2.4%, P &lt; 0.0001) and range (154.5 ± 50.4 vs 112.0 ± 26.7 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.0001). Nadir was lowest in PBH-RYGB (42.5 ± 3.7 vs HC 49.0 ± 11.9 mg/dL, P = 0.0046), with &gt;2-fold greater time with SG &lt; 70 mg/dL vs HC (7.7 ± 8.4 vs 3.2 ± 4.1%, P = 0.0013); these differences were greater at night (12.6 ± 16.9 vs 1.0 ± 1.5%, P &lt; 0.0001). Non-Surg Hypo also had 4-fold greater time with SG &lt; 70 at night vs HC (SG &lt; 70: 4.0 ± 5.9% vs 1.0 ± 1.5%), but glycemic variability was not increased.

Conclusion
Patients with PBH-RYGB experience higher glycemic variability and frequency of SG &lt; 70 compared to HC, especially at night. These data suggest that additional pathophysiologic mechanisms beyond prandial changes contribute to PBH.
ALDH2 rs671 Is Associated With Elevated FPG, Reduced Glucose Clearance and Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Japanese Men
Authors: Takeno Kageumi , Tamura Yoshifumi , Kakehi Saori , Kaga Hideyoshi , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
A recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies data from East Asians identified aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 as a susceptibility variant for type 2 diabetes in males.

Objective
To investigate the association between ALDH2 rs671 and metabolic characteristics.

Methods
We studied 94 nonobese, nondiabetic, Japanese men. Using a 2-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, we evaluated insulin sensitivity in muscle and liver. Intrahepatic lipid and fat distribution were measured using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. We divided participants into a risk-carrying group with ALDH2 rs671 G/G (n = 53) and a nonrisk-carrying group with ALDH2 rs671 G/A or A/A (n = 41).

Results
The risk-carrying group had significantly higher levels of alcohol consumption (18.4 [interquartile range, IQR, 10.4-48.9]) vs 12.1 (IQR, 1.3-29.0) g/day; P = .003), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (97.5 ± 7.9 vs 93.5 ± 6.2 mg/dL; P = .010), lower hepatic insulin sensitivity (61.7 ± 20.5% vs 73.1 ± 15.9%; P = .003), and lower fasting glucose clearance (0.84 ± 0.8 dL·m–2·min–1 vs 0.87 ± 0.09 dL·m–2·min–1; P = .047) than the nonrisk-carrying group, while insulin resistance in muscle and body fat distribution were similar. The single linear correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between alcohol consumption and hepatic insulin sensitivity (r = –0.262, P = .011), fasting glucose clearance (r = –0.370, P &lt; .001), or FPG (r = 0.489, P &lt; .001). The multiple regression analysis revealed that both ALDH2 rs671 G/G genotype and alcohol consumption were significant independent correlates for hepatic insulin sensitivity, whereas only alcohol consumption was a significant independent correlate for fasting glucose clearance.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that high-alcohol intake–dependent and independent hepatic insulin resistance and reduced fasting glucose clearance due to high alcohol intake could be a relatively upstream metabolic abnormality in ALDH2 rs671 G/G carriers.