bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous integrated boost for mediastinal lymph node recurrence after radical surgery for esophageal cancer: Interim results from a phase I/II prospective study
Authors: Qi Wei‐xiang , Zheng Siyue , Cao Lu , Xu Cheng , Zhao Shengguang , Chen Jiayi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis was a single institute, phase I/II study of salvage chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with simultaneous integrated boost in patients with mediastinal lymph node (LN) recurrence after esophagectomy.MethodsPatients who presented with a clinical diagnosis of ≤5 mediastinal LN recurrence received three consecutive levels of radiotherapy dose for the recurrences. Level 1: 58.8 Gy/2.1 Gy/28 fractions, Level 2: 64.4 Gy/2.3 Gy/28 fractions and Level 3: 70 Gy/2.5 Gy/28 fractions.ResultsA total of 17 patients (10 patients in phase I and 7 patients in phase II) were enrolled in the present study between June 2019 and July 2020. The median duration from surgery to initial recurrence was four months (range: 3–43 months). The most common site of recurrence according to JES was 106recR, accounting for 35%. Dose‐limiting toxicity was not observed during three‐month follow‐up after completion of irradiation. The most common hematological toxicities were leukocytopenia and anemia. The most common nonhematological toxicity was esophagitis. The ORR according to RECIST was 58.8% (CR: seven patients; PR: three patients). With a median follow‐up of 15 months (95% CI: 7–16 months), all patients were still alive. Among them, two patients who received a level 1 dose and one patient who received a level III dose developed multiple lung metastases after salvage CRT, and another patient who received a level 1 dose developed an out‐of‐field recurrence in the left cervical lymph node area. Another patient who received a level III dose developed chest wall recurrence after salvage CRT.ConclusionsThe regimen of salvage CRT using the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique (70 Gy/2.5 Gy/28F) for mediastinal lymph node recurrence in ESCC patients after esophagectomy is feasible and well tolerated.
The future of translational research on alcohol use disorder
Authors: Ray Lara A. , Grodin Erica N. , Leggio Lorenzo , Bechtholt Anita J. , Becker Howard , Feldstein Ewing Sarah W. , Jentsch James David , King Andrea C. , Mason Barbara J. , O'Malley Stephanie , MacKillop James , Heilig Markus , Koob George F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn March 2019, a scientific meeting was held at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Luskin Center to discuss approaches to expedite the translation of neurobiological insights to advances in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). A guiding theme that emerged was that while translational research in AUD is clearly a challenge, it is also a field ripe with opportunities. Herein, we seek to summarize and disseminate the recommendations for the future of translational AUD research using four sections. First, we briefly review the current landscape of AUD treatment including the available evidence‐based treatments and their uptake in clinical settings. Second, we discuss AUD treatment development efforts from a translational science viewpoint. We review current hurdles to treatment development as well as opportunities for mechanism‐informed treatment. Third, we consider models of translational science and public health impact. Together, these critical insights serve as the bases for a series of recommendations and future directions. Towards the goal of improving clinical care and population health for AUD, scientists are tasked with bolstering the clinical applicability of their research findings so as to expedite the translation of knowledge into patient care.
Associations between theCADM2gene, substance use, risky sexual behavior, and self‐control: A phenome‐wide association study
Authors: Arends Rachel M. , Pasman Joëlle A. , Verweij Karin J.H. , Derks Eske M. , Gordon Scott D. , Hickie Ian , Thomas Nathaniel S. , Aliev Fazil , Zietsch Brendan P. , van der Zee Matthijs D. , Mitchell Brittany L. , Martin Nicholas G. , Dick Danielle M. , Gillespie Nathan A. , de Geus Eco J.C. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Schellekens Arnt F.A. , Vink Jacqueline M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRisky behaviors, such as substance use and unprotected sex, are associated with various physical and mental health problems. Recent genome‐wide association studies indicated that variation in the cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2) gene plays a role in risky behaviors and self‐control. In this phenome‐wide scan for risky behavior, it was tested if underlying common vulnerability could be (partly) explained by pleiotropic effects of this gene and how large the effects were. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐level and gene‐level association tests within four samples (25 and Up, Spit for Science, Netherlands Twin Register, and UK Biobank and meta‐analyses over all samples (combined sample of 362,018 participants) were conducted to test associations betweenCADM2, substance‐ and sex‐related risk behaviors, and various measures related to self‐control. We found significant associations between theCADM2gene, various risky behaviors, and different measures of self‐control. The largest effect sizes were found for cannabis use, sensation seeking, and disinhibition. Effect sizes ranged from 0.01% to 0.26% for single top SNPs and from 0.07% to 3.02% for independent top SNPs together, with sufficient power observed only in the larger samples and meta‐analyses. In the largest cohort, we found indications that risk‐taking proneness mediated the association betweenCADM2and latent factors for lifetime smoking and regular alcohol use. This study extends earlier findings thatCADM2plays a role in risky behaviors and self‐control. It also provides insight into gene‐level effect sizes and demonstrates the feasibility of testing mediation. These findings present a good starting point for investigating biological etiological pathways underlying risky behaviors.
Mild cognitive impairment: To diagnose or not to diagnose
Authors: Wang Kate N. , Page Amy T. , Etherton‐Beer Christopher D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOlder people living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a slight but noticeable decline in their cognitive function, though do not meet the diagnostic criteria for dementia. MCI is controversial, with some saying it is a condition that does not require diagnosis, and others stating that it is a genuine clinical syndrome. Many people with MCI will improve, and most will not progress to dementia. Managing co‐morbidities and exercising are likely to be the best treatment options. With limited evidence for effective interventions and uncertainty as to the prognostic value of the condition, the benefit of diagnosing MCI remains unclear.
Wave theory
Authors: CODY FRANCIS 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIn India, as elsewhere, voters and electoral observers refer to powerful, emerging political trends as “waves,” such as the “Modi wave” that brought Prime Minister Narendra Modi to power. In rural South India, during the run‐up to the 2019 national elections, how did people read signs of political waves, and how did voters align themselves with these signs as they circulated across media forms? A “wave theory” analysis finds that rural voters in the state of Tamil Nadu assess electoral chances across various factors—including candidates’ cash flow, crowd behavior, caste calculations, and professional analyses of polling data. People take electoral positions within ambient and layered ecologies of information, in which everyday speculation about political fortunes is situated alongside formalized methods of analysis, calculation, and prediction. And because electoral waves are experienced locally but often carry energy from afar, they constitute both a force and a fluid medium of convergence. [elections, democracy, prediction, crowds, money, caste, media, Tamil Nadu, India]
Long‐term prognosis in patients with non‐type 1 Brugada electrocardiogram: Results from a large Japanese cohort of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Shinohara Tetsuji , Takagi Masahiko , Kamakura Tsukasa , Sekiguchi Yukio , Yokoyama Yasuhiro , Aihara Naohiko , Hiraoka Masayasu , Aonuma Kazutaka ,   Japan Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation Study (J‐IVFS) Investigators
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrugada syndrome (BrS) is diagnosed in patients with ST‐segment elevation with spontaneous, drug‐induced, or fever‐induced type 1 morphology. Prognosis in type 2 or 3 Brugada electrocardiogram (Br‐ECG) patients remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate long‐term prognosis in non‐type 1 Br‐ECG patients in a large Japanese cohort of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (The Japan Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation Study [J‐IVFS]).MethodsFrom 567 patients with Br‐ECG in J‐IVFS, a total of 28 consecutive non‐type 1 patients who underwent programmed electrical stimulation (PES) (median age: 58 years, all male, previous sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias [VTs] 1, syncope 11, asymptomatic 16) were enrolled. Cardiac events (CEs: sudden cardiac death or sustained VT/ventricular fibrillation) during the follow‐up period were examined.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 136 months, four patients (14%) had CEs. None of patients with PES‐ have experienced CEs. There was no statistically significant clinical risk factor for the development of CEs. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, the event‐free rate significantly decreased in a group with all 3 risk factors (symptom, wide QRS complex in lead V2, and positive PES) (p = .01).ConclusionsOur study revealed long‐term prognosis in patients with non‐type 1 Br‐ECG. The combination analysis of these risk factors may be useful for the risk stratification of CEs in non‐type 1 Br‐ECG patients. The present study suggests that the patients with all these parameters showed high risk for CEs and need to be carefully followed.
Acceptability of immediate postpartum and post‐abortion long‐acting reversible contraception provision to adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Buckingham Pip , Moulton Jessica E. , Subasinghe Asvini K. , Amos Natalie , Mazza Danielle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionLong‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods are safe for adolescents and provide the greatest assurance against rapid repeated pregnancy when inserted during the immediate postpartum (IPP) and immediate post‐abortion (IPA) period. Despite increasing enthusiasm for IPP/IPA LARC insertion, adolescents’ preferences and experiences have seldom been examined. The objective of this review was to examine the attitudes of adolescents (aged 10–19 years) towards IPP/IPA LARC, their experiences and perceptions around having an LARC device fitted IPP/IPA and the factors involved in decision‐making to use, not use or discontinue IPP/IPA LARC.Material and methodsIn January 2021, we searched seven bibliographic databases for original research articles published in English, from the year 2000. Studies of any design focused on IPP/IPA LARC were eligible for inclusion. Three of the authors assessed articles for eligibility and extracted data relevant to the outcomes of the review. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess methodological quality. Key themes emerging from the data were synthesized and reported narratively.ResultsWe identified 10 relevant articles, four of which were entirely adolescent‐focused. Only three addressed IPA LARC. IPP availability was important for ensuring access to LARC postpartum. Attitudes towards LARC IPP were associated with adolescents’ sociodemographic characteristics and positive perceptions related to the long duration of action. Determinants of discontinuation and nonuse included poor‐quality contraceptive counseling, intolerable side effects and subsequent distress, misconceptions about LARC safety IPP and the influence of partners and community on autonomy. No factors involved in IPA LARC decision‐making were available. Limited evidence demonstrated that adolescents may favor contraceptive implants over intrauterine devices, and in certain contexts may face greater barriers to IPA LARC access than adult women do.ConclusionsImmediate insertion of LARC postpartum appears acceptable to adolescents who do not experience side effects and those with the opportunity to make autonomous contraception decisions. This important topic has been addressed in few studies involving an entirely adolescent population. Very limited evidence is available on IPA LARC. Further research on adolescents’ lived experiences of IPP/IPA LARC access and use is necessary to inform the provision of person‐centered care when assisting adolescents’ contraceptive choice following pregnancy.
The GG genotype of erythropoietin rs1617640 polymorphism affects the risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Slovenian subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: enemy or ally?
Authors: Mankoč Ramuš Sara , Pungeršek Gregor , Petrovič Mojca Globočnik , Petrovič Danijel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between erythropoietin rs1617640 polymorphism and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in Slovenian subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The second aim was to find whether erythropoietin expression in fibrovascular membranes varies among individuals carrying different genotypes of the rs1617640.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study based on 797 unrelated Slovenian (Caucasian) participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study group consisted of 217 cases with PDR and 580 controls without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy. Each subject was genotyped for rs1617640 polymorphism. Fibrovascular membranes from 27 subjects who underwent vitreoretinal surgery were analysed with immunohistochemistry. We searched for expression of erythropoietin, its cognate receptor and for a pan‐endothelial marker CD‐34.ResultsOur results show that subjects carrying a minor GG genotype had significantly higher risk for PDR in both unadjusted (p = 0.02) and adjusted (p = 0.04) recessive genetic models. Subjects with the GG genotype had a 1.6‐fold increased risk of developing PDR compared to subjects carrying the major T allele. In fibrovascular membranes from subjects with PDR, the mean number of cells expressing EPO was significantly higher in G allele carriers compared to the homozygotes for the common T allele.ConclusionIn Slovenian subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a significant increased risk of PDR was found in GG carriers of the erythropoietin gene rs1617640 polymorphism.
For better or for worse family‐related well‐being: A meta‐analysis of crossover effects in dyadic studies
Authors: Matei Alina , Maricuțoiu Laurenţiu P. , Vîrgă Delia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present preregistered meta‐analysis aimed to assess the evidence regarding the work–family interactions, as dyadic studies report them. The introduction differentiated between spillover (or intra‐individual) effects and crossover (or inter‐individual) effects by using dyadic studies. Following an online and reference list search, out of the initial 339 studies, 36 eligible articles reported correlations between one partner's variables and the other partner's variables. Analyses included 1504 effect sizes and used meta‐analytical calculations and structural equation modeling. Both partners' well‐being measures had small proportions of shared variance (i.e. shared variance up to 13.69%). The following analyses focused on the potential effects that could explain the shared variance of family‐related well‐being. There was little evidence of a crossover effect from one's work‐related variables toward the partners’ family‐related well‐being. Furthermore, analyses using structural equation modeling did not yield any results to support a crossover effect from one's work–family interaction toward their partner's well‐being. These findings suggest that the literature needs new research studies regarding how family‐related demands and resources are related to well‐being and personal resources in the crossover processes.
Genetic diversity and genomic inbreeding in Japanese Black cows in the islands of Okinawa Prefecture evaluated using single‐nucleotide polymorphism array
Authors: Suezawa Ryouhei , Nikadori Hideki , Sasaki Shinji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaintaining genetic diversity and inbreeding control are important in Japanese Black cattle production, especially in remote areas such as the islands of Okinawa Prefecture. Using a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, we evaluated the genetic diversity and genomic inbreeding in Japanese Black cows from the islands of Okinawa Prefecture and compared them to those from other locations across Japan. Linkage disequilibrium decay was slower in cows in the islands of Okinawa Prefecture. The estimated effective population size declined over time in both populations. The genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) was estimated using long stretches of consecutive homozygous SNPs (runs of homozygosity; ROH). FROH was higher in the cows on the islands of Okinawa Prefecture than on other locations. In total, 818 ROH fragments, including those containing NCAPG and PLAG1, which are major quantitative trait loci for carcass weight in Japanese Black cattle, were present at significantly higher frequencies in cows in the islands of Okinawa Prefecture. This suggests that the ROH fragments are under strong selection and that cows in the islands of Okinawa Prefecture have low genetic diversity and high genomic inbreeding relative to those at other locations. SNP arrays are useful tools for evaluating genetic diversity and genomic inbreeding in cattle.
Seedling recruitment in mountain grassland restoration: Effects of soil preparation and grazing
Authors: Durbecq Aure , d’Ambly Margaux , Buisson Elise , Jaunatre Renaud , Cluchier Alexandre , Bischoff Armin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractQuestionsSeedling recruitment is a key step in any seed‐based ecological restoration project. There is a controversial discussion (a) whether soil preparation is required to reduce competition of pre‐existing vegetation, or whether vegetation cover facilitate seedling recruitment, and (b) whether grazing should be excluded in initial stages of grassland restoration to protect seedlings, because grazing exclusion may also favour competitive ruderal species. We set up a combined soil preparation and grazing experiment to evaluate the effect of both factors on seedling recruitment of seeds transferred from a species‐rich donor site.LocationUpper Durance valley, Hautes‐Alpes, France.MethodsThe experiment was set up using a full factorial split‐plot design with five replicate sites. The treatments included soil preparation (harrowed or not) and grazing (excluded or not). Seeds were transferred using plant material brushed in a non‐degraded reference grassland. The individuals of all occurring species were counted on the restoration sites, and the survival and reproduction of two focal species, Bromopsis erecta and Rhinanthus alectorolophus, were recorded for three months.ResultsSoil preparation by harrowing reduced the density of spontaneously emerging species and increased the seedling density of species transferred from the donor site. Grazing had only a weak negative effect on the recruitment of transferred species. The main effect of both treatments on seedling survival was not significant, but a significant interaction indicated that the grazing effect depended on soil preparation, with a negative effect of grazing only in non‐harrowed plots.ConclusionsThe reduction of competition by soil preparation before seed addition of brush material had a positive effect on the seedling recruitment of transferred species and can thus clearly be recommended in our study system. The weak negative effect of grazing may not always justify fencing costs.
Inter‐rater reliability of assessments regarding the quality of drug treatment, and drug‐related hospital admissions
Authors: Lönnbro Johan , Holmqvist Lina , Persson Elisabeth , Thysell Per , Åberg N. David , Wallerstedt Susanna M. 
Published: February 2021

AimsTo investigate inter‐rater agreement on the quality of drug treatment, and the relationship between the drug treatment and hospital admission.MethodsThree specialist physicians and two resident physicians determined, independently and in consensus, the quality of drug treatment from an overall medical perspective, and its association with admission, in 30 randomly selected patients (50% female, median age 72 years) admitted to Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, in April 2018. The inter‐rater agreement was evaluated with Gwet's agreement coefficient (AC1).ResultsIn all, 200 (95%) out of 210 drugs at admission and 238 (97%) out of 245 drugs at discharge were assessed as reasonable drug treatment by all assessors. Conversely, none of the drugs at admission, and two at discharge, were assessed as unreasonable drug treatment by all assessors (AC1: 0.88 and 0.94 [all], 0.86 and 0.95 [specialists], 0.92 and 0.92 [residents], respectively). The assessments regarding the association between the drug treatment and the hospital admission (not related or main/contributory reason) were consistent between the assessors for 16 out of 30 patients (AC1: 0.67 [all], 0.74 [specialists], 0.54 [residents]). In none of the three cases where the hospital admission was considered possibly attributable to a prescribing error did the assessors make consistent assessments.ConclusionsAs the inter‐rater agreement ranged between weak and almost perfect, the reliability of assessments of drug treatment quality, as well as adverse consequences, appears to be a methodological concern. To yield acceptably reliable results regarding both drug treatment aspects at issue, specialist physicians should be involved.
Repurposing of thalidomide and its derivatives for the treatment of SARS‐coV‐2 infections: Hints on molecular action
Authors: Sundaresan Lakshmikirupa , Giri Suvendu , Singh Himanshi , Chatterjee Suvro 
Published: February 2021

AimsThe SARS‐coV‐2 pandemic continues to cause an unprecedented global destabilization requiring urgent attention towards drug and vaccine development. Thalidomide, a drug with known anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects has been indicated to be effective in treating a SARS‐coV‐2 pneumonia patient. Here, we study the possible mechanisms through which thalidomide might affect coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19).MethodsThe present study explores the possibility of repurposing thalidomide for the treatment of SARS‐coV‐2 pneumonia by reanalysing transcriptomes of SARS‐coV‐2 infected tissues with thalidomide and lenalidomide induced transcriptomic changes in transformed lung and haematopoietic models as procured from databases, and further comparing them with the transcriptome of primary endothelial cells.ResultsThalidomide and lenalidomide exhibited pleiotropic effects affecting a range of biological processes including inflammation, immune response, angiogenesis, MAPK signalling, NOD‐like receptor signalling, Toll‐like receptor signalling, leucocyte differentiation and innate immunity, the processes that are aberrantly regulated in severe COVID‐19 patients.ConclusionThe present study indicates thalidomide analogues as a better fit for treating severe cases of novel viral infections, healing the damaged network by compensating the impairment caused by the COVID‐19.