bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Numerical Evaluation of Invertible Preconditioners Based on High-Order Discretizations of the Laplace Operator for Linear Systems
Authors: Lang Chao , Yang Xiao-Ting 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To alleviate the ill-posed condition of linear systems, the discrete Laplace operator is often used as a preconditioner incorporated with iterative methods. However, with a traditional lower-order(typically, second-order) approximation of the Laplace operator it is often difficult to achieve the optimal effect. For this reason, we construct preconditioners based on high-order finite difference discretizations to further develop the potential of the discrete Laplace operator and evaluate their numerical efficiency. The sparse band structure and symmetric property of such high-order preconditioners are derived from the theoretical aspect , revealing the cheap computing cost of the corresponding preconditioning processes for each problem dimension. Numerical experiments are implemented to confirm our analysis and the computing results show advantages of the proposed preconditioned iterative methods compared with the classical methods.
Relationship of The Lung Microbiome With PD-L1 Expression And Immunotherapy Response in Lung Cancer
Authors: Jang Hye Jin , Choi Ji Yeon , Kim Kangjoon , Yong Seung Hyun , Kim Yeon Wook , Kim Song Yee , Kim Eun Young , Jung Ji Ye , Kang Young Ae , Park Moo Suk , Kim Young Sam , Cho Young-Jae , Lee Sang Hoon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The human lung serves as a niche to a unique and dynamic bacterial community that is related to the development of multiple diseases. Here, we investigated the differences in the lung microbiomes of patients with lung cancer. Methods: 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the respiratory tract microbiome present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Patients were stratified based on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels and immunotherapy responses. Results: In total, 84 patients were prospectively analyzed, of which 59 showed low (<10%), and 25 showed high (>10%) PD-L1 expression levels. The alpha and beta diversities did not significantly differ between the two groups. Veillonella dispar was dominant in the high-PD-L1 group; the population of Neisseria was significantly higher in the low-PD-L1 group than in the high-PD-L1 group. In the immunotherapy responder group, V. dispar was dominant, while Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria perflava were dominant in the non-responder group. Conclusion: The abundances of Neisseria and V. dispar differed significantly in relation to PD-L1 expression levels and immunotherapy responses. Thus, these two genera may be considered targets for lung cancer immunotherapy.
Development of a Decellularized Hypopharynx with Vascular Pedicle Scaffold for use in Reconstructing Hypopharynx
Authors: Hou Nan , Lv Die , Xu XiaoLi , Lu YanQing , Li JingZhi , Ma RuiNa , Tang Ying , Zheng Yun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypopharynx reconstruction after hypopharyngectomy is still a great challenge. Perfusion decellularization is for extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolding and had been used in organ reconstruction. Our study aimed to prepare an acellular, natural, three-dimensional (3D) biological hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold as the substitute materials to reconstruct hypopharynx. Result: Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and immuno showed that the decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold retained intact native anatomical ECM structure. Myoblasts were observed on the recellularized scaffolds with bone marrow mesenchyml stem cells (BMSCs) induced by 5-azacytidine implanted in the rabbit greater omentum by immunohistochemical analysis. conclusion: the decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold prepared by detergent perfusion in our study has an potential to be an alternative material to pharynx reconstruction.
Comparison of Early Visual Quality in Patients using Different Optical Zones Based on Dark Pupil Diameters in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE)
Authors: Peng Jiao , Zhong Ding-Juan , Liu Jia , Zhang Li-Yuan , Wu Hao , Wang Hua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
AIM: The early visual qualities of patients were evaluated after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using different optical zones based on dark pupil diameters.METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to include 49 myopic patients (96 eyes) who underwent SMILE surgery. Patients were divided into three groups according to the difference between the diameter of the optical zone and the diameter of the dark pupil: Group A (<0 mm, N=30), Group B (0-1 mm, N=36), and Group C (>1 mm, N=30). In all groups, the dark pupil diameter was measured preoperatively. Subjective visual quality, uncorrected vision acuity (UCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), modulation transfer function cut-off frequency (MTFcutoff), objective scattering index (OSI), simulated contrast visual acuity (VA100%, VA20%, VA9%), total corneal higher-order aberration (tot-HOA), corneal spherical aberration (totZ40) and corneal coma (tot-coma) were measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, UCVA, SE, corneal higher-order aberration, OQAS or subjective visual quality among the three groups before surgery (P>0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, there was no significant difference in UCVA, SE, MTFcutoff, OSI, VA100%, VA20%, or VA9% among the three groups (P>0.05). However, the tot-HOA, totZ40 and tot-coma indexes and the changes in corneal higher-order aberrations (Dtot-HOA, DtotZ40, Dtot-coma) at 3 months postoperatively were as follows: Group A > Group B > Group C (P<0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, the difference in subjective visual quality between the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference in the amount of change in subjective visual quality between Groups A and C was statistically significant (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Although the difference between the diameter of the optical zone and the diameter of the dark pupil does not affect the VA or the same diopter of patients after SMILE myopia correction, the optical zone diameter should be greater than the dark pupil diameter as far as possible in the design of SMILE surgery, in order to improve the objective visual quality and subjective satisfaction of patients after surgery.
Study on Flow Model and Flow Equation of Shale Gas Based on Micro Flow Mechanism
Authors: Liu Huaxun , Jiao Chunyan , Gao Shusheng , Ye Liyou , An Weiguo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Shale flow has microscale effects, and the flow is more complex. In this paper, the flow model and flow equation which can be used in the analysis of shale gas flow is established,which is based on the single nanotube model and combined with pore throat test results of the shale core by high-pressure mercury injection, and calculated the contributions of seepage, diffusion, transition flow and free molecular flow to shale gas flow. The contributions of seepage and diffusion were over 95%, and seepage and diffusion were the main flow patterns. Then, a coupled flow model and the coupled flow equation of shale gas with seepage and diffusion were established, which proposed a calculation method of shale permeability and diffusion by relationship between flow pressure and shale gas flow rate, and finally shale gas flow experiments were carried out and analyzed. The results show that the shale gas flow model and the flow equation established in this paper can describe shale gas flow very well. The shale gas flow rate is composed of seepage flow rate and diffusion flow rate, and the seepage flow rate is proportional to the pseudo pressure difference and is proportional to the pressure square difference at low pressure. The diffusion flow rate is proportional to the difference in shale gas density and is proportional to the pressure difference at low pressure. With shale gas reservoir pressure drops, the proportion of diffusion flow increases. The research results enrich the understanding of shale gas flow; they also have certain reference significance to the development of shale gas reservoirs.
Iot Device Classification in Cloud Organizations Using Deep Belief Networks
Authors: H H. Azath , M M. NAGESWARA GUPTHA , L L. SHAKKEERA , M.R.M M.R.M. VEERA MANICKAM , B B. LANITHA , M M. MANIKANDAN , P.T P. T. ANITHA 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the rapid increase in the usage of IoT devices, the cyber threats are increasing among the communication between the IoT devices. The challenges related to security surmounts with increasing number of IoT devices due to its functionality and heterogeneity. In recent times, deep learning algorithms are offered to resolve the constraints associated with detection of malicious devices among the networks. In this paper, we utilize deep belief network (DBN) to resolve the problems associated with identification, detection of anomaly IoT devices. Several features are extracted initially to find the malicious devices in the IoT device network that includes storage, computational resources and high dimensional features. These features extracted from the network traffic assists in achieving the classification of devices by DBN. The simulation is performed to test the accuracy and detection rate of the proposed deep learning classifier. The results show that the proposed method is effective in implementing the detection of malicious nodes in the network than existing methods.
Matuyama-brunhes Geomagnetic Reversal Record and Associated Key Tephra Layers in Boso Peninsula: Extraction of Primary Magnetization of Geomagnetic Fields From Mixed Magnetic Minerals of Depositional, Diagenesis, and Weathering Processes
Authors: Oda Hirokuni , Nakazato Hiroomi , Nanayama Futoshi , Harigane Yumiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We describe paleomagnetic records of Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic polarity reversal and associated key tephra layers from Early-Middle Pleistocene sediments in the Boso Peninsula. The outcrop is in Terasaki, Chiba, Japan and ~ 25 km northeast of the Chiba Section. The sediment consists of massive silt of the Kokumoto Formation, Kazusa Group, underlaid by thick sand. A tephra layer was identified in the middle of the outcrop with chemical composition comparable to that of the tephra layer Byk-E from the Yoro River section defining the base of the Chibanian Stage. Oriented paleomagnetic samples were taken at intervals of 1–10 cm from the massive silt spanning the vitric tephra layer. To identify the primary remanent magnetization, progressive alternating field demagnetization (PAFD) and progressive thermal demagnetization (PThD) were conducted on pilot samples. Identification of primary magnetization with PAFD was not successful, especially for reversely magnetized samples. However, magnetization during PThD showed sharp drops at 175°C, which decreased gradually between 175°C and ~ 300°C, and became unstable above ~ 350°C. To extract the primary remanent magnetization while avoiding laboratory alteration by heating, a PThD up to 175°C followed by PAFD was conducted. Extraction of primary magnetization was significantly improved by applying a combined analysis of remagnetization circles, which was in agreement with the records reported from the Chiba Section. Rock magnetic experiments were conducted during stepwise heating to understand the magnetic minerals involved and to evaluate the influence of laboratory heating. During heating, FORC-PCA revealed significant changes of magnetic minerals at 200°C, 400°C, 450° and 550°C. Rock magnetic analyses and electron microscopy observations indicate that magnetite and titanomagnetite are magnetic minerals contributing to primary remanent magnetization. Greigite was also identified, which preserve secondary magnetizations during sub-seafloor diagenesis. The presence of feroxyhyte is suggested to contribute to secondary magnetization through the weathering of pyrite by exposure to the air after the Boso Peninsula uplift. The similarity of VGP latitude variations between this study and those from the Chiba section was maximized by providing an age model with sedimentation rates of 30 cm/kyr and 18 cm/kr for the intervals above and below the Byk-E tephra.
The Feedback From Students on Offline Teaching, Online Teaching, and Blended Teaching of the "Contact Lenses" Course in Tianjin, China
Authors: ZHANG Hongmei , ZHU Ying , LIU Lin , LIN Weiping , GU Tianpu , HAN Lin , PANG Yi , WEI Ruihua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: To determine the effect of the three teaching methods on the learning of contact lenses and provide recommendations to improve Contact Lenses teaching in optometric education.Methods: The survey was conducted at Tianjin Medical University with the students' evaluations of educational quality (SEEQ) questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale over 2 weeks in June 2021. It is for optometry students whose contact lenses were taught by any of three methods: 92 students enrolled in 2017 at Dagang campus performed online learning, 60 students enrolled in 2017 at Qixiangtai campus performed offline learning, and 100 students enrolled in 2018 at Dagang campus performed blended learning: both online and offline; A total of 252 students were invited to participate in this study. Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze SEEQ items. ANOVA was used to determine significant differences among different teaching methods.Results: 221 valid questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 87.70% (221/252). Among them, 87(39.37%) were male, and 134(60.63%) were female. Offline teaching students had longer contact time with the faculty than online teaching and blended teaching (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences in sex or academic performance were found among 3 different teaching methods (p=0.33, p=0.91, respectively). There were 18.10% (40/221) of students who suggested increasing experiment and practice time.Conclusion: The traditional offline teaching method had a stable teaching effect. Students had more contact time with faculty than students taught by online and blended teaching. Online teaching and blended teaching worked as well as offline learning. The effectiveness was not be influenced by gender and academic performance.
Absence of evidence of superconductivity in sulfur hydride in optical reflectance experiments
Authors: Hirsch J. E. , Marsiglio F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Capitani and coworkers reported that infrared optical reflectance measurements provided evidence for a superconducting transition in sulfur hydride under 150 GPa pressure, and that the transition is driven by the electron-phonon interaction. Here we argue that the measured data did not provide evidence that the system undergoes a transition to a superconducting state, nor do the data support any role of phonons in driving a transition. Rather, the data are consistent with the system remaining in the normal state down to temperature 50K, the lowest temperature measured in the experiment. This calls into further question the generally accepted view that sulfur hydride under pressure is a high temperature superconductor.
Antibody Dynamics Simulation -Theory and Application
Authors: Xu Zhaobin , Yang Dongying , Zhang Hongmei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Infectious disease such as COVID-19 poses a considerable threat to public health when a pandemic strain emerges. Constructing a reliable mathematical model helps us quantitatively explain the kinetic characteristics of antibody-virus interactions, which could provide a reasonable prediction toward many sensitive concerns faced by the public, such as how to calculate protection time provided by the specific vaccine. A novel and robust model is developed to integrate antibody dynamics with virus dynamics in the host body. Our model is based on a comprehensive understanding of immunology principles rather than a simple data-fitting attempt by arbitrarily mathematical function selection. The physical-based mechanism would bring this model more reliable and broader prediction performance. This model gives quantitative insights between antibody dynamics and virus loading in the host body. Based on this model, we can estimate the antibody dynamic parameters with high fidelity. We could solve lots of critical problems, such as the calculation of vaccine protection time. We can also explain lots of mysterious phenomena such as antibody inferences, self-reinfection, chronic infection, etc. We suggest the best strategy in prolonging the vaccine protection time is not repeated inoculation but a directed induction of fast binding antibodies. Eventually, it will also inform the future construction of the mathematical model and help us fight against those infectious diseases.
Polymorphisms of fibronectin-1 (rs3796123; rs1968510; rs10202709; rs6725958; and rs35343655) Are Not Associated With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants.
Authors: Kosik Katarzyna , Gryczka Katarzyna , Sowińska Anna , Seremak-Mrozikiewicz Agnieszka , Abu-Amara Jasmine A. , Al-Saad Salwan R. , Karbowski Lukasz M. , Kurzawińska Grażyna , Szymankiewicz-Bręborowicz Marta , Drews Krzysztof , Szpecht Dawid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that mainly affects premature newborns. Many different factors, increasingly genetic, are involved in the pathogenesis of BPD. Fibronectin is a multi-domain glycoprotein present in nearly all vertebrate tissues and organs. Material and methodsThe study included 108 infants born between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation. BPD was diagnosed based on the National Institutes of Health Consensus definition. The 5 FN1 gene polymorphisms assessed in the study were the following: rs3796123; rs1968510; rs10202709; rs6725958; and rs35343655. ResultsBPD developed in 30 (38.5%) out of the 108 preterm infants. Incidence of BPD was higher in infants with lower APGAR scores, low gestational age, and low birthweight. Investigation did not confirm any significant prevelance for BPD development in any genotypes and alleles of FN1. Conclusion﻿Further studies should be performed to confirm the role of genetic factors in etiology and pathogenesis of BPD.
MolData, A Molecular Benchmark for Disease and Target Based Machine Learning
Authors: Arshadi Arash Keshavarzi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Deep learning’s automatic feature extraction has been a revolutionary addition to computational drug discovery, infusing both the capabilities of learning abstract features and discovering complex molecular patterns via learning from molecular data. Since biological and chemical knowledge are necessary for overcoming the challenges of data curation, balancing, training, and evaluation, it is important for databases to contain meaningful information regarding the exact target and disease of each bioassay. The existing depositories such as PubChem or ChemBL offer the screening data of millions of molecules against a variety of cells and targets, however, their bioassays contain complex biological information which can hinder their usage by the machine learning community. In this work, a comprehensive disease and target-based dataset is collected from PubChem in order to facilitate and accelerate molecular machine learning for better drug discovery. MolData is one the largest efforts to date for democratizing the molecular machine learning, with roughly 170 million drug screening results from 1.4 million unique molecules assigned to specific diseases and targets. It also provides 30 unique categories of targets and diseases. Correlation analysis of the MolData bioassays unveil valuable information for drug repurposing for multiple diseases including cancer, metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases. Finally, we provide a benchmark of more than 30 models trained on each category using multitask learning. MolData aims to pave the way for computational drug discovery and accelerate the advancement of molecular artificial intelligence in a practical manner. The MolData benchmark data is available at https://github.com/Transilico/MolData as well as within the supplementary materials.
N,N-Dimethylformamide Prevents LPS-Induced Preterm Birth in a Murine Model by Suppressing the Inflammatory Response
Authors: Wei Zeng-Hui , Salami Oluwabukola , Koya Jagadish , Munnangi Swapna , Pekson Ryan , Ashby Charles R. , Reznik Sandra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Preterm birth accounts for the majority of perinatal mortality worldwide and there remains no FDA-approved drug to prevent it. Recently, we discovered that the common drug excipient, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), prevents inflammation–induced preterm birth in mice by inhibiting NF-κB. Since we reported this finding it has come to light that a group of widely used, structurally related aprotic solvents, including DMA, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylformamide (DMF), have anti-inflammatory efficacy. We show here that DMF suppresses LPS-induced TNFα secretion from RAW 264.7 cells and IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from HTR-8 cells at concentrations that do not significantly affect cell viability. In vivo, DMF decreases LPS-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and expression of TNFα and IL-6 in the placental labyrinth, all to near baseline levels. Finally, DMF decreases the rate of preterm birth in LPS-induced pregnant mice (P<.0001) and the rate at which pups are spontaneously aborted (P<.0001). In summary, DMF, a widely used solvent structurally related to DMA and NMP, prevents LPS-induced preterm birth in a murine model without overt toxic or teratogenic effects. Re-purposing the DMA/DMF/NMP family of small molecules as anti-inflammatory drugs is a promising new approach to preventing inflammation–induced preterm birth and potentially other inflammatory disorders as well.
A Non-Peptidic MAS1 Agonist AVE0991 Alleviates Hippocampal Synaptic Degeneration in Rats with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Authors: Xue Xiao , Duan Rui , Zhang Qiao-Quan , Wang Si-Yu , Gong Peng-Yu , E Yan , Zhang Ying-Dong , Jiang Teng 
Published: October 2021

Background:Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a contributing factor for neurodegenerative diseases. As a recently identified heptapeptide of the brain renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin-(1-7) has been revealed to activate its receptor MAS1 and thus ameliorated cognitive impairments in rats with CCH. Since hippocampal synaptic degeneration represents an important pathological basis of cognitive deficits, we hypothesize that activating MAS1-mediated signaling may alleviate CCH-induced synaptic degeneration in the hippocampus.Methods:In this study, we tested this hypothesis and uncovered the underlying mechanisms in a rat model of CCH induced by bilateral common carotid artery ligation surgery. At one week after the surgery, rats received a daily intraperitoneal vehicle injection or a non-peptidic MAS1 agonist AVE0991 for 8 weeks. During this procedure, Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) was recorded. The levels of MAS1, amyloid-β (Aβ), neuroinflammatory cytokines, glial cell markers, and synaptophysin in the hippocampus were assessed at the end of the treatment period.Results :We showed that AVE0991 significantly alleviated hippocampal synaptic degeneration in rats with CCH. This protection might be achieved by facilitating CBF recovery, reducing hippocampal Aβ levels, and suppressing neuroinflammatory responses.Conclusions:These findings indicate that MAS1-mediated signaling may represent a novel therapeutic target for CCH-related neurodegenerative diseases.