bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Myoediting Attenuates Cardiac Abnormalities in Human and Mouse Models of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Atmanli Ayhan , Chai Andreas C. , Cui Miao , Wang Zhaoning , Nishiyama Takahiko , Bassel-Duby Rhonda , Olson Eric N. 
Published: August 2021

Rationale:
Absence of dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) results in the degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Owing to advances in respiratory management of patients with DMD, cardiomyopathy has become a significant aspect of the disease. While CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology holds great potential as a novel therapeutic avenue for DMD, little is known about the potential of DMD correction using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to mitigate cardiac abnormalities in DMD.

Objective:
To define the effects of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing on structural, functional, and transcriptional abnormalities in DMD-associated cardiac disease.

Methods and Results:
We generated induced pluripotent stem cells from a patient with a deletion of exon 44 of the DMD gene (ΔEx44) and his healthy brother. We targeted exon 45 of the DMD gene by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate corrected DMD induced pluripotent stem cell lines, wherein the DMD open reading frame was restored via reframing or exon skipping. While DMD cardiomyocytes demonstrated morphological, structural, and functional deficits compared with control cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocytes from both corrected DMD lines were similar to control cardiomyocytes. Bulk RNA-sequencing of DMD cardiomyocytes showed transcriptional dysregulation consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy, which was mitigated in corrected DMD cardiomyocytes. We then corrected dysfunctional DMD cardiomyocytes by adenoviral delivery of Cas9/gRNA and showed that correction of DMD cardiomyocytes postdifferentiation reduces their arrhythmogenic potential. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of hearts of DMD mice showed transcriptional dysregulation in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, which in corrected mice was reduced to similar levels as wild-type mice.

Conclusions:
We show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of DMD ΔEx44 mitigates structural, functional, and transcriptional abnormalities consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy irrespective of how the protein reading frame is restored. We show that these effects extend to postnatal editing in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and mice. These findings provide key insights into the utility of genome editing as a novel therapeutic for DMD-associated cardiomyopathy.
Mediterranean Diet Reduces Atherosclerosis Progression in Coronary Heart Disease: An Analysis of the CORDIOPREV Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jimenez-Torres Jose , Alcalá-Diaz Juan F. , Torres-Peña Jose D. , Gutierrez-Mariscal Francisco M. , Leon-Acuña Ana , Gómez-Luna Purificación , Fernández-Gandara Carolina , Quintana-Navarro Gracia M. , Fernandez-Garcia Jose C. , Perez-Martinez Pablo , Ordovas Jose M. , Delgado-Lista Javier , Yubero-Serrano Elena M. , Lopez-Miranda Jose 
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose:
Lifestyle and diet affect cardiovascular risk, although there is currently no consensus about the best dietary model for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The CORDIOPREV study (Coronary Diet Intervention With Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Prevention) is an ongoing prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial in 1002 coronary heart disease patients, whose primary objective is to compare the effect of 2 healthy dietary patterns (low-fat rich in complex carbohydrates versus Mediterranean diet rich in extra virgin olive oil) on the incidence of cardiovascular events. Here, we report the results of one secondary outcome of the CORDIOPREV study. Thus, to evaluate the efficacy of these diets in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries (IMT-CC) was ultrasonically assessed bilaterally. IMT-CC is a validated surrogate for the status and future cardiovascular disease risk.

Methods:
From the total participants, 939 completed IMT-CC evaluation at baseline and were randomized to follow a Mediterranean diet (35% fat, 22% monounsaturated fatty acids, <50% carbohydrates) or a low-fat diet (28% fat, 12% monounsaturated fatty acids, >55% carbohydrates) with IMT-CC measurements at 5 and 7 years. We also analyzed the carotid plaque number and height.

Results:

The Mediterranean diet decreased IMT-CC at 5 years (−0.027±0.008 mm;
P
<0.001), maintained at 7 years (−0.031±0.008 mm;
P
<0.001), compared to baseline. The low-fat diet did not modify IMT-CC. IMT-CC and carotid plaque
max
height were higher decreased after the Mediterranean diet, compared to the low-fat diet, throughout follow-up. Baseline IMT-CC had the strongest association with the changes in IMT-CC after the dietary intervention.

Conclusions:
Long-term consumption of a Mediterranean diet rich in extravirgin olive oil, if compared to a low-fat diet, was associated with decreased atherosclerosis progression, as shown by reduced IMT-CC and carotid plaque height. These findings reinforce the clinical benefits of the Mediterranean diet in the context of secondary cardiovascular prevention.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00924937.
Prevalence, Impact, and Treatment of Co-Occurring Osteoarthritis in Patients With Stroke Undergoing Rehabilitation
Authors: Fournier John , Finestone Hillel , Lauzon Julia , Campbell T. Mark 
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose:
Early, frequent rehabilitation is an important factor for optimizing stroke recovery outcomes. Medical comorbidities, such as osteoarthritis, that affect the ability to participate in rehabilitation could therefore have a detrimental impact on such outcomes. Both stroke and osteoarthritis are becoming more common in developed nations as the population ages. First-line osteoarthritis treatments, such as oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are often avoided poststroke due to interaction with secondary prevention stroke risk-factor management. Our objective was to summarize the current literature concerning co-occurring osteoarthritis and stroke prevalence, its functional impact, and treatment options.

Methods:
Narrative review using a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, osteoarthritis, and stroke guidelines. Outcomes related to co-occurrence prevalence, osteoarthritis as a stroke risk-factor, osteoarthritis-related imaging and treatment were extracted and summarized descriptively. Overall quality of the evidence was summarized using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Results:
We identified 23 studies and guidelines related to our objective. Overall quality of the evidence was very low.

Conclusions:
Few trials have investigated the relationship between osteoarthritis and stroke, nor osteoarthritis-specific pain and function management for stroke survivors. High-quality research evaluating the impact of osteoarthritis on stroke rehabilitation is needed.
The New York Digital Salon: A Memoir
Authors: Wands Bruce 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article traces the 20-year history of the New York Digital Salon (NYDS). Initiated in 1993 to provide an annual venue for digita art images in New York City, the NYDS quickly expanded into an international forum for exhibitions, lectures, screenings and a website. The salon also featured panel discussions with well-known digital artists and curators in its 2002 Digital Art & Culture Symposium. From 1995 to 2002, salon artworks and essays were featured in eight issues of Leonardo. In 2013, the salon’s 20th-anniversary celebration included an exhibition and catalog featuring Jean Pierre Hébert, Manfred Mohr, Michael Noll, Roman Verostko and Mark Wilson.
Philosophical Musings Drawn from the Gadamer-Cheng Dialogue of May 2000
Authors: Pfister Lauren F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A critical summary and reflective assessment of the Chinese account of the dialogue that occurred between Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002) and Chung-ying Cheng (1935-) in Heidelberg in May 2000 is presented for the first time in English within this article. It ends with an account of the ontological nature of Sprache/language as both philosophers deal with this key term in Gadamerian philosophic hermeneutics.
Historicizing Secularity
Authors: Wohlrab-Sahr Monika , Kleine Christoph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Drawing upon the critique of secularization theory, especially its lack of historical depth, this article outlines a research agenda that focuses on a specific – but fundamental – aspect of secularization: it aims at the historicization of conceptual distinctions and institutional differentiations between the religious and the secular. The authors employ the heuristic concept of ‘secularity’ to refer to these demarcations, and argue that secularization studies should give due consideration to their historical predecessors in various world regions. This seems important against the background of enduring criticisms, which consider such distinctions and differentiations either as an exclusively Western achievement or as a colonial imposition on non-Western regions. Taking into account the development of different historical paths, the authors highlight the transcultural, but in its concrete shape nevertheless culturally specific emergence of distinctions and differentiations related to religion, and propose secularity as a tertium comparationis for comparative research in this field. The authors introduce two different religious and societal settings in the medieval period – Japanese Buddhism and Islam in the Middle East – in order to illustrate the divergent ideational and structural backgrounds to the development of relations between the religious and the secular.
Likes, Comments, and Follow Requests: The Instagram User Experiences of Young Muslim Women in the Netherlands
Authors: Mahmudova Lale , Evolvi Giulia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Young Dutch Muslim women often lead complex existences: on the one hand, they may be considered “other” to European culture and expected to conform to so-called Western values; on the other hand, they can be subject to scrutiny within their cultural and religious communities. This article explores young Dutch Muslim women’s online practices by focusing on Instagram. By discussing the theories of third spaces (Bhabha, 1994; Pennington, 2018b) and composite habitus (Bourdieu, 1990; Waltorp, 2015), we investigate the following questions: How do young Dutch Muslim women use Instagram? What are the opportunities and constraints that they face when using Instagram? Through qualitative interviews, we discovered that Instagram helps young Dutch Muslim women express their identity in their own terms, but it presents negative aspects connected with privacy and surveillance. We then discuss the need not to generalize Muslim women’s experiences and instead to consider their selective use of Instagram and heterogeneity within Islam.
Influence of Eurasian spring snowmelt on surface air temperature in late spring and early summer
Authors: Zhou Juan , Zuo Zhiyan , He Qiong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effect of Eurasian spring snowmelt on surface air temperature (SAT) in late spring (April–May) and early summer (June–July) and the relevant physical mechanisms during 1981–2016 are investigated. Results show that the first mode of the inter-annual Eurasian spring snowmelt represents an east–west dipole anomaly pattern, with an intense center over Siberia and another moderate center around eastern Europe. The European spring snowmelt shows an insignificant relation to the local SAT, whereas the Siberian spring snowmelt has a significant impact on the SAT in late spring and early summer. More Siberian spring snowmelt contributes to higher SAT in late spring and lower SAT in early summer via different mechanisms. In late spring, increased Siberian spring snowmelt corresponds to less local surface albedo and cloud cover, leading to the surface absorbing more shortwave radiation and thereby higher SAT. The sub-surface and deep soil moisture anomalies generated from Siberian spring snowmelt can persist into early summer. Excessive Siberian spring snowmelt corresponds to positive soil moisture anomalies, contributing to decreased sensible heat and increased cloud cover in early summer. Increased cloud cover leads to the surface receiving less shortwave radiation. Thus, lower SAT appears over Siberia in early summer due to reduced sensible heat and shortwave radiation. However, the simulation of Eurasian spring snowmelt variability and its influences on SAT via the snow hydrological effect is still a challenge for the climate models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6.
How well do multi-satellite products capture the space-time dynamics of precipitation? Part I: five products assessed via a wavenumber-frequency decomposition
Authors: Guilloteau Clement , Foufoula-Georgiou Efi , Kirstetter Pierre , Tan Jackson , Huffman George J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs more global satellite-derived precipitation products become available, it is imperative to evaluate them more carefully for providing guidance as to how well precipitation space-time features are captured for use in hydrologic modeling, climate studies and other applications. Here we propose a space-time Fourier spectral analysis and define a suite of metrics which evaluate the spatial organization of storm systems, the propagation speed and direction of precipitation features, and the space-time scales at which a satellite product reproduces the variability of a reference “ground-truth” product (“effective resolution”). We demonstrate how the methodology relates to our physical intuition using the case study of a storm system with rich space-time structure. We then evaluate five high-resolution multi-satellite products (CMORPH, GSMaP, IMERG-early, IMERG-final and PERSIANN-CCS) over a period of two years over the southeastern US. All five satellite products show generally consistent space-time power spectral density when compared to a reference ground gauge-radar dataset (GV-MRMS), revealing agreement in terms of average morphology and dynamics of precipitation systems. However, a deficit of spectral power at wavelengths shorter than 200 km and periods shorter than 4 h reveals that all satellite products are excessively “smooth”. The products also show low levels of spectral coherence with the gauge-radar reference at these fine scales, revealing discrepancies in capturing the location and timing of precipitation features. From the space-time spectral coherence, the IMERG-final product shows superior ability in resolving the space-time dynamics of precipitation down to 200 km and 4 h scales compared to the other products.
Genome-wide identification of simple sequence repeats and development of polymorphic SSR markers in swamp eel (Monopterus albus)
Authors: Tian Hai-feng , Hu Qiao-mu , Li Zhong 
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Swamp eel is one model species for sexual reversion and an aquaculture fish in China. One local strain with deep yellow and big spots of Monopterus albus has been selected for consecutive selective breeding. The objectives of this study were characterizing the Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) of M. albus in the assembled genome obtained recently, and developing polymorphic SSRs for future breeding programs. Methods: The genome wide SSRs were mined by using MISA software, and their types and genomic distribution patterns were investigated. Based on the available flanking sequences, primer pairs were batched developed, and Polymorphic SSRs were identified by using Polymorphic SSR Retrieval tool. The obtained polymorphic SSRs were validated by using e-PCR and capillary electrophoresis, then they were used to investigate genetic diversity of one breeding population. Results: A total of 364,802 SSRs were identified in assembled M. albus genome. The total length, density and frequency of SSRs were 8,204,641 bp, 10,259 bp/Mb, and 456.16 loci/Mb, respectively. Mononucleotide repeats were predominant among SSRs (33.33%), and AC and AAT repeats were the most abundant di- and tri-nucleotide repeats motifs. A total of 287,189 primer pairs were designed, and a high-density physical map was constructed (359.11 markers per Mb). A total of 871 polymorphic SSRs were identified, and 38 SSRs of 101 randomly selected ones were validated by using e-PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Using these 38 polymorphic SSRs, 201 alleles were detected and genetic diversity level (Na, PIC, HO, and He) was evaluated. Conclusions: The genome-wide SSRs and newly developed SSR markers will provide a useful tool for genetic mapping, diversity analysis studies in swamp eel in the future. The high level of genetic diversity (Na = 5.29, PIC = 0.5068, HO = 0.4665, He = 0.5525) but excess of homozygotes ( FIS = 0.155) in one breeding population provide baseline information for future breeding program.
A Systematic Review of Clinical Vestibular Symptom Triage, Tools, and Algorithms
Authors: Lampasona Giovanni , Piker Erin , Ryan Cynthia , Gerend Patricia , Rauch Steven D. , Goebel Joel A. , Crowson Matthew G. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveThe evaluation of peripheral vestibular disorders in clinical practice is an especially difficult endeavor, particularly for the inexperienced clinician. The goal of this systematic review is thus to evaluate the design, approaches, and outcomes for clinical vestibular symptom triage and decision support tools reported in contemporary published literature.Data SourcesA comprehensive search of existing literature in August 2020 was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE using terms of desired diagnostic tools such asalgorithm, protocol,andquestionnaireas well as an exhaustive set of terms to encompass vestibular disorders.Review MethodsStudy characteristics, tool metrics, and performance were extracted using a standardized form. Quality assessment was conducted using a modified version of the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS‐2) assessment tool.ResultsA total of 18 articles each reporting a novel tool for the evaluation of vestibular disorders were identified. Tools were organized into 3 discrete categories, including self‐administered questionnaires, health care professional administered tools, and decision support systems. Most tools could differentiate between specific vestibular pathologies, with outcome measures including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.ConclusionA multitude of tools have been published to aid with the evaluation of vertiginous patients. Our systematic review identified several low‐evidence reports of triage and decision support tools for the evaluation of vestibular disorders.
Characterization of Secondary Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Use in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19 Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Risa Erik , Roach David , Budak Jehan Z. , Hebert Christopher , Chan Jeannie D. , Mani Nandita S. , Bryson-Cahn Chloe , Town James , Johnson Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2021

Background: COVID-19 has a widely variable clinical syndrome that is difficult to distinguish from bacterial sepsis, leading to high rates of antibiotic use. Early studies indicate low rates of secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) but have included heterogeneous patient populations. Here, we catalogue all SBIs and antibiotic prescription practices in a population of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients with COVID-19 ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation from 3 Seattle, Washington hospitals in 2020. Data were obtained via electronic and manual review of the electronic medical record. We report the incidence and site of SBIs, mortality, and antibiotics per day using descriptive statistics. Results: We identified 126 patients with COVID-19 induced ARDS during the study period. Of these patients, 61% developed clinical infection confirmed by bacterial culture. Ventilator associated pneumonia was confirmed in 55% of patients, bacteremia in 20%, and urinary tract infection (UTI) in 17%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated bacterial species. A total of 97% of patients received antibiotics during their hospitalization, and patients received nearly one antibiotic per day during their hospital stay. Conclusions: Mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 induced ARDS are at high risk for secondary bacterial infections and have extensive antibiotic exposure.
A Preliminary Study on the Diagnostic Efficacy of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3.0T in Rabbit With VX2 Liver Tumor
Authors: Liao Ruikun , Zhang Dan , Li Xiaojiao , Ma Jiang , Yu Jiayi , Yang Chao , Xiong Hua , Zhou Bi , Huang Xianlong , Tang Zhuoyue 
Published: August 2021

Background: To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of choline (Cho) value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in rabbit with VX2 liver tumor via comparative and quantitative analysis with the choline compounds concentration measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods: MRS was performed on normal liver and VX2 tumor. The Cho value of VX2 tumor was compared with that of normal liver. Tissues were harvested for ELISA to detect the concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh), glycophorophosphygholine (GPC) and phosphochorine (PC). The diagnostic performance of Cho value and concentrations of choline compounds were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under ROC curve (AUC). The specificity and sensitivity were discussed by the maximum Youden’s index. Results: The concentration of ACh was obviously higher than that of GPC and PC both in VX2 tumor and normal liver ( P < 0.01). Furthermore, the concentration differences among ACh, GPC and PG were the third power of 10. Both the ACh concentration and Cho value of MRS in VX2 tumor were significantly higher than those in normal liver ( P < 0.01). The AUC of ACh in VX2 tumor was 0.883, when the cutoff value was 7259000, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of liver cancer were 94.4% and 77.8%, respectively. The AUC of Cho in VX2 tumor was 0.807, when the cutoff value was 28.35, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of liver cancer were 83.3% and 77.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The change of Cho value in MRS between liver cancer and normal liver was consistent with the changes of concentrations of choline compounds measured by ELISA, especially the change of ACh concentration. The diagnostic efficiency of Cho value and that of choline compounds concentration in liver cancer were extremely similar, with the AUC more than 0.8. We conclude that MRS may be applied as an important, non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of liver cancer.