bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecology impacts the decrease of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in the fecal gut microbiota of urban humans
Authors: Thingholm Louise B. , Bang Corinna , Rühlemann Malte C. , Starke Annika , Sicks Florian , Kaspari Verena , Jandowsky Anabell , Fröhlich Kai , Ismer Gabriele , Bernhard Andreas , Bombis Claudia , Struve Barbara , Rausch Philipp , Franke Andre 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Compared to the huge microbial diversity in most mammals, human gut microbiomes have lost diversity while becoming specialized for animal-based diets – especially compared to chimps, their genetically closest ancestors. The lowered microbial diversity within the gut of westernized populations has also been associated with different kinds of chronic inflammatory diseases in humans. To further deepen our knowledge on phylogenetic and ecologic impacts on human health and fitness, we established the herein presented biobank as well as its comprehensive microbiota analysis. In total, 424 stool samples from 40 different animal species, including Homo sapiens, belonging to four diverse mammalian orders were collected at seven different locations and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Comprehensive data analysis was performed to (i) determine the overall impact of host phylogeny vs. diet, location, and ecology and to (ii) examine the general pattern of fecal bacterial diversity across captive mammals and humans.Results: By using a controlled study design with captive mammals we could verify that host phylogeny is the most dominant driver of mammalian gut microbiota composition. However, the effect of ecology appears to be able to overcome host phylogeny and should therefore be studied in more detail in future studies. Most importantly, our study could observe a remarkable decrease of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in urban humans and New World monkeys, which is probably not only due to diet, but also to the social behavior of these communities.Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of phylogenetic relationship and ecology within the evolution of mammals’ fecal microbiota composition. Particularly, the observed decrease of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in urban communities might be associated to lifestyle dependent rapid evolutionary changes, potentially involved in the establishment of dysbiotic microbiomes promoting the etiology of chronic diseases.
Comparison of photoscreeners and hand-held autorefractometer with cycloplegic autorefraction as a vision screening tool for children with newly diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Yalinbas Duygu , Kara Caner , Sari Seda Aybuke , Dursun Demet , Bozali Erman , Ozec Ayse Vural , Erdogan Haydar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To compare non-cycloplegic refraction measurements of two photoscreeners and the hand-held autorefractometer with cycloplegic measurements of the autorefractometer in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: This cross-sectional, comparative study consisted of 53 children who were newly diagnosed with ADHD. We compared spherical, cylindrical, cylindrical axis and spherical equivalent (SE) measurements in Plusoptix A12, Spot Vision Screener, and Retinomax K-plus Screen with Tonoref II. Reliability was analyzed by using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot was used to evaluate the agreement between devices.Results: The mean age of children was 9.45 ± 1.68. All of the devices measured spherical power and SE significantly more myopic than the Tonoref II. While The Spot Vision Screener, PlusoptiX A12, and Tonoref II provided similar cylindrical power, Retinomax K-plus Screen measured significantly lower than the Tonoref II. The excellent reliability was detected in spherical power, cylindrical power, SE and J0 between Tonoref II and PlusoptiX A12 (ICC:0.930, 0.921, 0.927 and 0.920, respectively. All of the hand-held devices showed excellent reliability in terms of cylindrical power and J0 (ICC>0.90, for all) and good reliability for J45 (ICC:0.75-0.90 for all).Conclusion: Despite all devices having advantages or disadvantages, Plusoptix A12 showed excellent reliability for detecting refractive errors in children with ADHD.
Assessing longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on adult obesity in an Iranian population: results from a large population-based cohort study
Authors: Alhossaini Mahsa Rafiee , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan , Zayeri Farid , Sadeghi Masoumeh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Obesity is a significant risk factor for Noncommunicable diseases, and it is related to many adverse health consequences. The risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is called a longitudinal or aging effect. Also, individuals born or enter to the study of the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. In the current study, an advanced statistical model is used to distinguish between longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on the risk of obesity for men and women. Methods Participants are a group of 6504 Iranian adults over 35 years of age in 2001, who live in the central region of Iran. They were followed up for 12 years in a large community-based study. Various medical indexes, including Body Mass Index, were collected in 2001, 2007, and 2013. The Marginal Logistic Regression model, which includes linear and quadratic effects of the Baseline Age and its difference with current age, is used. Results Between 2001 and 2013, the prevalence of obesity raised from 13% to 18% in men and from 31% to 44% in women. The odds of obesity for women was approximately three times the odds of obesity for men on average adjusting for the age effects. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the prevalence of obesity for individuals with Baseline Age 35 to 55 and a decline thereafter. Also, the odds ratio of obesity across one’s life course, had about 3% increase, on average, by each year aging, regardless of the age at baseline. Conclusions The high rate of obesity and its fast growth is a serious public health issue among Iranians, especially in adults age 35-55, and women. In the present study, Baseline Age was more strongly associated with the risk of obesity than aging. Considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age, helps us to understand the effect of age on obesity better and to identify the related factors.
Choriocarcinoma syndrome of primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma after lung lobe resection: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhao Pei , Liu Zhenjun , Lu Song , Ji Juan , Li Xiuli , Zhao Qian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma (PPC) is extremely rare, especially in males. It is characterized by a poor response to therapy and shortened survival times. Here, we report a PPC case which was complicated by choriocarcinoma syndrome (CS) and a review of the literature.Case presentation: A 59-year-old man with 30-pack-year smoking history was referred to our hospital because of hemoptysis and chest pain. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules and multiple metastases throughout the body. The patient underwent single-port thoracoscopic wedge resection of the right lung upper lobe. Histological examinations verified the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma. Three days after the operation, the patient developed massive hemoptysis. A bronchoscopic examination showed bleeding from the bilateral main bronchus. Despite management in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient died two weeks after surgery. Conclusions: A rapid and correct diagnosis of PPC is necessary. When the patient has massive hemoptysis, we should be alert to the occurrence of CS. Surgery and modified chemotherapy, based on the physical condition of the patient, may currently be the best therapy for PPC.
Study of groundwater salinity in the HAHA syncline by the Kohonen self-organized classification (Essaouira, Morocco)
Authors: Ouzerbane Zakaria , Loulida Soumia , Hmaidi Abdellah El , Essahlaoui Ali , Boughalem Mostafia , Ousmana Habiba , Berrada Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The coastal aquifer of the Essaouira syncline (Morocco) was studied to identify the main processes at the origin of the salinization of groundwater. In fact, a multicriteria analysis approach on hydrochemical data and physicochemical parameters of the Plio-Quaternary aquifer was used to understand their spatio-temporal variation and their origins. Currently, integrated water resources management has become paramount to both local, regional, national and international. This management is favored by extreme hydrological events (droughts or floods) which can have direct influences on human, economic and political aspects. Appropriate management of a resource requires its evaluation. The statistical study by Kohonen's self-organized classification (SOM) of hydrochemical data for the years 1995 and 2009 is used to process 47 samples distributed over the entire study area; it showed an evolution of the values of the parameters. Physico-chemical as a function of time and space with an increase in the values of the parameters, from the center of the study area towards the southwest.
Cost-effectiveness of Insecticide-treated wall liner and indoor residual spraying as additions to insecticide-treated bed nets to prevent malaria: findings from cluster randomized trials in Tanzania
Authors: Mpangala Kihombo Robert , Halasa-Rappel Yara A. , Mohamed Mohamed Seif , Mnzava Ruth C. , Mkuza Kaseem J. , Mangesho Peter E. , Kisinza William N. , Mugasa Joseph P. , Messenger Louisa A. , Mtove George , Kihombo Aggrey R. , Shepard Donald S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite substantial progress and widespread use of insecticidal bed nets, malaria caused 409,000 deaths in 2019. An established supplemental technology, indoor residual spraying (IRS), is moderately expensive and logistically challenging. It must be applied just before the rainy season(s) and potentially requires multiple reapplications per year in endemic areas. A new technology, insecticide treated wall liner (ITWL), might overcome these challenges.Methods: We conducted a 44-cluster two-arm randomized controlled trial in Muheza, Tanzania from 2015-2016 to evaluate the cost and efficacy of a non-pyrethroid ITWL to supplement long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). We estimated the efficacy (with 95% confidence interval) of IRS as a supplement to LLINs from a published randomized trial in Muleba, Tanzania and the Global Burden of Diseases Study. We obtained per capita financial costs of IRS in mainland Tanzania from published reports and conducted a household survey of a similar IRS program near Muleba to determine household costs. We amortized ITWL costs over four years (its expected lifetime). We converted all costs (products, program operation, and household time) to 2019US$ using Tanzania’s GDP deflator and market exchange rates.Results. Ninety days after completing the installation of ITWL in 5,666 households, the randomized trial was terminated prematurely. Cone bioassay tests showed that ITWL no longer killed mosquitoes and therefore could not prevent malaria. The ITWL cost $10.11 per person per year compared to $5.69 for IRS. With an efficacy of 57% (3%-81%), IRS averted 1,162 (61-1,651) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per person per year. Its incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per DALY averted was $490 (45% of Tanzania’s per capita gross national income).Conclusions. These findings provide design specifications for a future ITWL to be useful. It would need to be more effective and/or less costly than IRS so more persons could be protected with a given budget. Results from a previous trial in Kenya, economies of scale and competition, as occurred with insecticide treated bed nets, strengthened community engagement, and more efficient installation and management procedures, all offer promise of achieving these goals. These features suggest that ITWLs merit ongoing study.Trial first posted: 2015 (NCT02533336)
A refuge for threatened sea grasses (Zostera asiatica Miki and Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino) at the islands Iturup and Urup of Kuril archipelago
Authors: Iurmanov Anton , Popov Igor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Survey of sea grasses at the coasts of Urup and Iturup islands of Kuril archipelago has been fulfilled. Three species have been found – Zostera marina L., Zostera asiatica Miki and Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino. The last two species are of particular interest as they are threatened and distributed over relatively small area. Unlike the habitats of the main part of their range located at the coasts of Japan and Korea, the habitats of the studied islands do not suffer from anthropogenic pressure. The discovered northern refuge is significant for the sea grasses conservation. Current global warming and increasing anthropogenic pressure on the southern habitat would increase its significance.
Analysis of the modulation depth of some femtosecond laser pulses in holographic interferometry
Authors: Benzehoua Halima , Dalil-Essakali Latifa , Belafhal Abdelmajid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
On the basis of the modulation depth in the interference and holographic processes, we discuss in this paper the quality of holograms generated by some femtosecond laser pulses of two different colors. The modulation depth in terms of the fringe contrast (MDFC ratio) of Higher-order sh- and ch-Gaussian temporal profiles (shnGTP and chnGTP) are investigated in detail. It’s shown that, when we use two lasers having a very large frequency detuning, the shnGTP exhibit more precise results than the Gaussian beams for holography. shnGTP give new areas of frequency detuning to realize the very significant value of the MDFC ratio for obtaining better holograms, which is impossible with Gaussian beams. It also permits flexibility in the variable frequency difference and pulse duration for good quality holograms, and in the case of the chnGTP, null regions develop and frequency bands are observed favoring the formation of the holograms. The numerical simulations are presented to illustrate and discuss the influence of the frequency detuning, the beam order and the controller parameter of the waves on the modulation depths. The propose theory will be a good basis for the development of some new experiments on the holographic interferometry and it will certainly be very useful for the specialists of the studied femtosecond laser pulses.
Dynamic Assessment of Sustainable Manufacturing Capability Based on Correlation Relationship for Industrial Cloud Robotics
Authors: Tian Sisi , Xie Xiaotong , Xu Wenjun , Liu Jiayi , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The industrial cloud robotics (ICRs) integrates distributed industrial robot resources in various places to support complex task processing for multi-resource service requirements, and manufacturing capability assessment is the key link in determining the optimal service composition to realize the value-added of ICRs resources. However, the traditional evaluation method ignores the positive and negative cooperative effects of the manufacturing capability correlation among the robot individuals on the overall manufacturing capability of the ICRs composition. In addition, the problems of excessive resource consumption and serious environmental pollution in the manufacturing industry are becoming increasingly serious. The paper proposes a dynamic assessment method of sustainable manufacturing capability for ICRs based on the correlation relationship to solve above problems. Firstly, an extensible multi-dimensional indicator system of sustainable manufacturing capability is constructed. Then, multiple composition correlation relationships among ICRs are analyzed to establish the correlation assessment model. Furthermore, a set of dynamic evaluation methods is proposed, in which the evaluation indicators raw data is processed based on the service correlation model and the traditional network analytic network process method is improved based on the data correlation model. Finally, a case study is implemented to show the reasonability and effectiveness of the proposed method in assessment of sustainable manufacturing capability for ICRs.
N, P, and COD conveyed by urban runoff: a comparative research between a city and a town in the Taihu Basin
Authors: Zhao Li , Liu Xiaodong , Wang Peng , Hua Zulin , Zhang Yuan , Xue Hongqin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Stormwater runoff containing various pollutants exerts adverse effects on receiving water bodies and deteriorates the urban aquatic environment. Although numerous studies have been conducted on runoff pollution, research comparing its characteristics in cities with those in towns is rare in the literature. To close this gap, the present study was conducted. The outflow concentration and peak value of N in the town were higher than those in the city in most conditions (at 75% and 67%, respectively). The second peak value of P in the town was higher and occurred earlier than the city. EMCs of TN and DTN in the town were 20%–60% (10%–50%) higher than those in the city. DTP accounted for 76.9%–83.3% of the total P (TP) in the town, which was generally higher than the city values of 50%–87.5%. According to our results, road runoff in the town contributed more to urban aquatic pollution, thus further research should concentrate on this particular type of runoff.
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM): Gaming Disorder Mediating Untreated Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder to Disruptive Mood Dysregulation
Authors: Tzang Ruu-Fen , Chang Chuian-Hsin , Chang Yue -Cune 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: When a youth was addicted in gaming, they became dysregulation with their mood especially for those youth with untreated Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD. So far, how internet gaming disorder (IGD) mediating the pathways leading ADHD to emotional dys-function are not entirely clear. This study aims to use structural equation modeling (SEM) analyze to elucidate the direct or indirect influence of gaming behavior on ADHD youth. Method: The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV questionnaire (SNAP-IV) was used to measure symptoms of ADHD and Oppositional Defiant disorder (ODD). The Chen Gaming disorder Scale (CIAS) was used to test for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and ADHD, ODD, and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) was diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Result: Total 102 ADHD youth, 53 (52%) of them suffering from IGD were significantly more likely to have bad interpersonal relationships (p < 0.01) and mood dysregulation and gaming disorder (p < 0.01 and < 0.001) than non-gaming addicted ADHD youth. Under the mediating role of Gaming indirectly, ADHD youth had increasing risk of mood dysregulation. Conclusions: Untreated ADHD youth with over gaming may develop emotional dysregulation. The intensive ADHD and IGD intervention were warranted to recent ADHD youth with Gaming Disorder.
Site selection for municipal solid waste landfills in arid regions based on fuzzy decision-making：A Case Study in the Hexi Corridor of China
Authors: Liu Jiamin , Xiao Bin , Li Yueshi , Wang Xiaoyun , Jiao Jizong , Bi Jian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The rational and scientific selection of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill sites is becoming increasingly important, due to the continuous growth of MSW worldwide. Multi-source information is employed to ensure the accuracy of the evaluation criteria, including hydrogeological, morphological, environmental, climatic and socio-economic data. In the fuzzy logic environment, a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and GIS spatial technique have been utilized to locate potential landfill sites. Landfill Site Selection Results (LSSR) were divided into three categories: suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable. Suitable areas were further divided into high, moderate, and low levels. We used the field investigations of 28 standardized landfill sites in the Hexi Corridor of China that comply with the China National Standard (CNS) to verify the LSSR. These sites are then ranked utilizing group fuzzy MULTIMOORA. These methods were more feasible and accurate in assessing the suitability of MSW landfills. The highlights of our methods were as follows: (1) The uncertainty of AHP expert scoring reduced by employing the fuzzy membership function, and the decision efficiency of spatial analysis improved as well. (2) Verification results showed that the main LSSR met the CNS perfectly and located suitable areas, with an accuracy of 93% (26 out of 28 sites). (3) In the highly suitable areas, 11 candidate areas were selected for the MSW landfill site construction in the Hexi Corridor. Furthermore, technical countermeasures for the standardized management of MSW landfills were proposed for the Hexi Corridor, which is critical for ecological/environmental protection.
Numerical study of heat and mass transfer of a wall containing micro-encapsulated phase change concrete (PCC)
Authors: lajimi nour , taher Nour Ben , Boukadida Noureddine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the one-dimensional heat and mass transfer through a ceiling wall containing micro-encapsulated PCC (phase change concrete) under realistic climatic conditions based on meteorological data in Tunisia based on software EnergyPlus. This work deals with a numerical study based on the nodal method to predict the effect of integration of a layer of PCC on the thermal, mass behavior and on the thermal sensation of the occupant as well as on the reduction of the energy consumption for the summer and winter period associated with the composite envelope building.
Nonlinear Interaction of Elliptical q-Gaussian Laser Beams with Plasmas with Axial Density Ramp: Effect of Ponderomotive Force
Authors: Gupta Naveen , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Theoretical investigation on optical self action effects of intense q-Gaussian laser beams interaction with collisionless plasmas with axial density ramp have been investigated in detail. Emphasis are put on investigating the dynamics of beam width and axial phase of the laser beam. Effect of the ellipticity of the cross section of the laser beam also has been incorporated. Using variational theory based on Lagrangian formulation nonlinear partial differential equation (P.D.E) governing the evolution of beam amplitude has been reduced to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations for the beam widths of the laser beam along the transverse directions. The evolution equation for the axial phase of the laser beam has been obtained by the Fourier transform of the amplitude structure of the laser beam from coordinate space to (kx; ky) space. The differential equations so obtained have been solved numerically to envision the effect of laser-plasma parameters on the propagation dynamics of the laser beam.