bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update Ventilations- und Perfusions-SPECT/CT in der Lungenemboliediagnostik und der funktionellen Quantifizierung mit Fallbeispielen
Authors: Schäfer Wolfgang M. , Knollmann Daniela 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Themenheften zur Lungenszintigrafie sind ein Übersichtsartikel über die nuklearmedizinische „state of the art“ Lungenemboliediagnostik, ein Beitrag fokussierend auf neuere technische Aspekte der Ventilations- und Perfusions-SPECT/CT sowie der Stellenwert der Ventilations- und Perfusions-SPECT/CT in der AWMF-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der Venenthrombose und Lungenembolie erschienen. Die bisherigen Möglichkeiten der Quantifizierung und die Entwicklung bzw. Erleichterung der Auswertung mittels spezieller Softwarelösungen sind in den vergangenen Ausgaben bereits vorgestellt worden.Im aktuellen Heft wollen wir uns auf neuere Erkenntnisse zur Ventilations- und Perfusions-SPECT/CT inklusive Weiterentwicklungen der Quantifizierungsmöglichkeiten konzentrieren, aber auch den Einsatz des Verfahrens in Zeiten der COVID-19 Pandemie beleuchten.Einleitend erfolgt noch einmal ein kurzer Abriss der Technik sowie die additive Wertigkeit der low-dose CT im Rahmen der SPECT/CT, dazu stellen wir einzelne Fallbeispiele vor.Nachfolgend geben wir einen Überblick über den aktuellsten wissenschaftlichen Stand zu der Ventilations- und Perfusions-SPECT/CT im Kontext von COVID-19.Das Thema Quantifizierung wird unter Berücksichtigung eines neuen Algorithmus basierend auf dem Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz kurz dargestellt.
Das metastasierte nichtkleinzellige Lungenkarzinom im Wandel – Einblick in neue therapeutische Strategien zur Behandlung des NSCLC
Authors: Lips Carolin , Thiel Sebastian , Kollmeier Jens , Blum Torsten Gerriet , Schäfer Monica , Stephan-Falkenau Susann , Streubel Anna , Mairinger Thomas , Bauer Torsten , Misch Daniel 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Lungenkarzinom ist weltweit die häufigste Todesursache unter den Krebserkrankungen. 1 In Deutschland erkrankten im Jahr 2016 etwa 21 500 Frauen und 36 000 Männer an bösartigen Tumoren der Lunge, 16 481 Frauen und 29 324 Männer verstarben an dieser Erkrankung. 2 In den letzten Jahren ist die Bedeutung molekularer Testung von Tumorgewebe bei Patienten mit metastasierten nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) immer weiter in den Vordergrund gerückt und bestimmt nunmehr unser therapeutisches Handeln. Neue zielgerichtete Therapiestrategien wie die Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren und die Immuntherapie rücken immer weiter in den Fokus und haben die Diagnostik und das Management der Erkrankung über die Jahre revolutioniert. Durch den gezielten Einsatz dieser neuen Substanzen hat sich die Prognose des metastasierten NSCLC dramatisch gewandelt. Besonders Patienten mit aktivierenden Treibermutationen haben von den Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre enorm profitiert. Am Beispiel der EGFR-Mutation und der ALK- Fusion sehen wir Überlebensdaten, die noch vor wenigen Jahren utopisch erschienen.
Sind röntgenologische Scoring-Methoden als Parameter zur
Verlaufsbeurteilung der rheumatoiden Arthritis noch
zeitgemäß?
Authors: Pfeil Alexander , Oelzner Peter , Hoffmann Tobias , Renz Diane M. , Wolf Gunter , Böttcher Joachim 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie radiologische Progression beschreibt das Ausmaß der
Gelenkzerstörung im Verlauf einer rheumatoiden Arthritis. Zur
Quantifizierung der radiologischen Progression werden Scoring-Methoden
(z. B. van der Heijde Modifikation des Sharp-Score) eingesetzt. In
verschiedenen Studien zu biologischen- bzw. target-synthetischen Disease
Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs gelang nur unzureichend eine Differenzierung
der radiologischen Progression. Zudem finden die Scores oft keinen
routinemäßigen Einsatz in der klinischen
Entscheidungsfindung. Durch die computerbasierte Analyse von
Handröntgenaufnahmen ist eine valide Quantifizierung der
radiologischen Progression und die zuverlässige Bewertung von
Therapieeffekten möglich. Somit stellen die computerbasierten
Methoden eine vielversprechende Alternative in der Quantifizierung der
radiologischen Progression dar.
Platelet Count Rose While D-Dimer Levels Dropped as Deaths and Thrombosis Declined—An Observational Study on Anticoagulation Shift in COVID-19
Authors: Sjöström Anna , Wersäll Johanna Dehlsen , Warnqvist Anna , Farm Maria , Magnusson Maria , Oldner Anders , Ågren Anna , Antovic Jovan , Bruzelius Maria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background High levels of D-dimer and low platelet counts are associated with poor outcome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As anticoagulation appeared to improve survival, hospital-wide recommendations regarding higher doses of anticoagulation were implemented on April 9, 2020.
Objectives To investigate if trends in D-dimer levels and platelet counts were associated with death, thrombosis, and the shift in anticoagulation.
Methods Retrospective cohort study of 429 patients with COVID-19 at Karolinska University Hospital. Information on D-dimer levels and platelet counts was obtained from laboratory databases and clinical data from medical records.
Results Thirty-day mortality and thrombosis rates were 19% and 18%, respectively. Pulmonary embolism was common, 65/83 (78%). Increased D-dimer levels in the first week in hospital were significantly associated with death and thrombosis (odds ratio [OR]: 6.06; 95% confidence interval [CL]: 2.10–17.5 and 3.11; 95% CI: 1.20–8.10, respectively). If platelet count increased more than 35 × 109/L per day, the mortality and thrombotic risk decreased (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06–0.41, and OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.17–0.80). After implementation of updated hospital-wide recommendations, the daily mean significantly decreased regarding D-dimer levels while platelet counts rose; −1.93; 95% CI: −1.00–2.87 mg/L FEU (fibrinogen-equivalent unit) and 65; 95% CI: 54–76 ×109/L, and significant risk reductions for death and thrombosis were observed; OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.25–0.92 and 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17–0.72.
Conclusion In contrast to D-dimer levels, increase of platelet count over the first week in hospital was associated with improved survival and reduced thrombotic risk. The daily mean levels of D-dimer dropped while the platelet counts rose, coinciding with increased anticoagulation and a decline in thrombotic burden and mortality.
Divergent Synthesis of Substituted Amino-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives
Authors: Li Jia-Qi , Qin Zhaohai , Zhao Fenghai , Singh Thishana , Xiao Yumei , Su Wangcang , Yang Dongyan , Jia Changqing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA divergent efficient assembly of disubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles was established by cyclization of readily accessible N′-nitro-2-hydrocarbylidene-hydrazinecarboximidamides with moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. This divergent synthetic strategy was achieved simply by varying the reaction conditions. Under acidic conditions, amino-1,2,4-triazoles were obtained by an intramolecular redox reaction involving the NO2 group. Control experiments and DFT studies revealed that this transformation proceeds via an intramolecular 1,3-hydride transfer pathway leading to HNO2 elimination. Under neutral conditions with water as the solvent, nitroimino-1,2,4-triazoles were obtained by oxidative intramolecular annulation under air.
Reversibility of a High-Grade Atrioventricular Block Treated Homeopathically
Authors: Jeggels Herman John Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Background A 61-year-old female patient requested a homeopathic therapy as an alternative to a pacemaker for a non-acute myocardial infarction, high-grade atrioventricular node block (HG-AVNB) with a narrow QRS complex.
Methods Homeopathic Digitalis purpurea (Digitalis) was employed to accelerate the patient's heart rate.
Results Digitalis caused within 3 days a pulse rate of about 90 beats per minute (bpm) which is represented on the electrocardiogram (ECG) by an accelerated junctional rhythm (AJR).The AJR compelled seeking a medicine to reduce its rate. Homeopathic Arsenicum album (Arsenicum) reduced its rate and also seemed to have assisted in the unanticipated recovery of the atrioventricular node (AVN).
Conclusions This case report represents, an ECG documented case of a medical treatment modality which could be an alternative to pacemakers for patients with a HG-AVNB with a narrow QRS complex. Digitalis has been safe and effective during its 3 and a half year employment.
Clip Reconstruction of a Previously Leaked Large Complex Posterior Communicating Segment Aneurysm with Extradural Anterior Clinoidectomy
Authors: Baykal Duygu , Ozaydin Burak , Erginoglu Ufuk , Baskaya Mustafa K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFusiform or near-fusiform aneurysms that involve the long segment of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) pose significant challenges to neurovascular surgeons. Involvement of the origin of vital branching arteries in this segment may preclude safe treatment with flow diverting stents. In addition, clip reconstruction may also not be possible in this region due to entire or near-entire involvement of the circumference of the ICA (Fig. 1). In this video article, we present a case of a complex and previously leaked, (visualized with hemosiderin) aneurysm of the posterior communicating segment of the ICA, in a 60-year-old female. Multiple complexities made this aneurysm challenging to treat. These included (1) a 270-degree encirclement of the ICA with multiple lobulations that left only a small section of nondiseased vessel wall, (2) a relatively short segment of the supraclinoidal ICA that made proximal control challenging thus requiring an extradural anterior clinoidectomy, (3) a fetal posterior communicating artery that originated immediately proximal to the beginning of the aneurysm, and lastly, (4) an anterior choroidal artery that was firmly adherent over the aneurysm dome. In this video, we present the microsurgical steps for dealing with this complex aneurysm, including extradural clinoidectomy and clip reconstruction (Fig. 2). Postoperatively, the patient woke up without any deficits. Angiography showed complete obliteration of the aneurysm.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/3Zz-ecvlDIc.
A model and test for coordinated polygenic epistasis in complex traits
Authors: Sheppard Brooke , Rappoport Nadav , Loh Po-Ru , Sanders Stephan J. , Zaitlen Noah , Dahl Andy 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceSystems-level interactions across physiological pathways, cell types, and tissues are core biological elements widely studied across diverse fields including evolution, systems biology, and model-organism genetics. However, they are essentially ignored in human genetics, and existing approaches fail to interpretably explain substantial complex trait heritability. Here, we propose the coordinated epistasis model of complex phenotypes that generalizes several recently proposed theoretical epistatic architectures of human traits. Broadly, coordination measures the degree to which epistasis effects act in concert with respect to marginal effects. It summarizes a dimension of polygenic effects orthogonal to parameters like heritability and standard estimates of epistasis.
Time-dependent heterogeneity leads to transient suppression of the COVID-19 epidemic, not herd immunity
Authors: Tkachenko Alexei V. , Maslov Sergei , Elbanna Ahmed , Wong George N. , Weiner Zachary J. , Goldenfeld Nigel 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Epidemics generally spread through a succession of waves that reflect factors on multiple timescales. Here, we develop a general approach bridging across these timescales and demonstrate how to incorporate population heterogeneity into a wide class of epidemiological models. We demonstrate that a fragile state of transient collective immunity emerges during early, high-paced stages of the epidemic, leading to suppression of individual epidemic waves. However, this state is not an indication of lasting herd immunity: Subsequent waves may emerge due to stochastic changes in individual social activity. Parameters of transient collective immunity are estimated using empirical data from the COVID-19 epidemic in several US locations.
Claviceps sorghicola.
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. sorghicola is an ergot pathogen of sorghum only found in Japan to date (2009). The risk of its spread and introduction is limited by the small amount of sorghum grown in Japan and by the lack of airborne secondary conidia. Sclerotia, which are known to germinate, are clearly distinct from, and larger than, seed and could be separated if necessary to prevent contamination of exports. The only alternate host identified to date is the closely related Sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii). The use of morphologically resistant cultivars of sorghum and Sudangrass, as well as early sowing, were found to control the disease.
Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus).
Authors: Hartung John S. , Guillermo León M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

CiLV-C is a quarantine pest which causes an economically important disease, reported only on the American continent. During the past 15 years, it has caused economic losses in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Panamá and Honduras. The disease was recently reported in Guatemala, Bolivia, México, Colombia and Belize. It is a threat to citrus-producing countries where the disease has not been reported. The disease can cause 100% yield loss (Rodrigues et al., 2000). CiLV does not appear to move systemically in the host plant but can move short distances from a grafted shoot tip to the adjacent scion tissue. Accordingly, movement in latently infected planting material is not likely to be a major pathway for CiLV-C because of its non-systemic infection, CiLV-C can only be important where attacks by its vector mites are significant. The main means of movement and dispersal of the virus is via the vector mites of the genus Brevipalpus, which colonize most species of Citrus and many other plant species.
Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil).
Authors: Peng Ren-kang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

S. mangiferae is a monophagous pest on mangoes. It is one of the most important mango pests and widespread in most mango-growing countries. Adults usually emerge after fruits fall and enter a diapause until the following fruiting season. Long-range dispersal occurs through the transport of fruit, seeds, seedlings and/or cuttings containing larvae, pupae or adults. The greatest damage caused by this pest is to interfere with fruit export because of quarantine restrictions. The damaged fruits have obvious hard, amber-coloured, protective resin marks over eggs on the fruit skin, often resulting in fruits being downgraded. For late-maturing cultivars, emerging adults can cause post-harvest damage to the fruit flesh. S. mangiferae infestation can increase fruit drop during early fruit development, and reduce the germination capacity of seeds.
Pieris brassicae (large cabbage white).
Authors: Firake D. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

P. brassicae is an oligophagous insect that feeds on members of family Brassicaceae (Lal and Ram, 2004; Younas et al., 2004; Hwang et al., 2008; Hasan and Ansari, 2010; 2011). Damage to cabbage heads has been reported to be as high as 70-98% (Prasad, 1961; 1963).
Thaumetopoea processionea (oak processionary moth).
Authors: Beverley Claire 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

T. processionea, commonly known as the oak processionary moth, is a major pest in many European countries and threatens the health of oak trees. The common and scientific names of T. processionea refer to the behaviour of the larvae to form long processions. The larvae cause severe defoliation, reducing the viability of oak trees. They also pose a risk to both human and animal health because they shed poisonous hairs, which can result in severe allergic reactions, amongst other health problems. The moth is native to central and southern Europe but is now present in almost all European countries and also in parts of the Middle East. EPPO issued a Pest Risk Analysis in 2007 for the UK in response to infestations of the species in Europe from 2006. At this time, infestations of the moth were observed on a range of oak (Quercus) species in London. The adult males are strong fliers and can fly long distances, such as from France to the UK (Evans, 2007). Host plants of this pest include many species of deciduous Quercus, and to a much lesser degree, Betula, Carpinus, Castanea, Corylus, Crataegus, Robinia and Fagus; plants commonly found in forests, woods or ornamental plantations in the UK, for example (Evans, 2007). Therefore, areas where these plants are present and offer a suitable climate for pest development are likely to be under threat from T. processionea. Various pines have been reported as hosts, but such records are suspect and are probably the result of confusion with the pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa).
Trioza erytreae (African citrus psyllid).
Authors: Arengo Esther 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The invasive African psyllid, Trioza erytrea, transmits the causal agent of the African form of citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease, Liberibacter africanum, a very destructive disease of citrus plants. It does this under natural conditions in Africa and the Middle East, and has been shown experimentally to transmit the Asian form, Liberibacter asiaticum. The psyllid itself severely distorts leaves, which become stunted and galled. T. erytreae affects species in the family Rutaceae, occurring on wild hosts as well as on Citrus species. T. erytreae is listed as an A1 quarantine pest by EPPO (OEPP/EPPO, 1988) and is also a quarantine pest for CPPC and OIRSA. The importation of plants for planting and cut branches of citrus from countries where either citrus greening bacterium or either of its vectors occur has been prohibited (OEPP/EPPO, 1990). T. erytreae occurs in Africa and parts of the Middle East but could probably establish and spread in Mediterranean countries without difficulty. Besides its role in citrus greening, the psyllid has itself significant damage potential.
Anastrepha grandis (South American cucurbit fruit fly).
Authors: Norrbom Allen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. grandis is a pest of various cultivated species of Cucurbitaceae, especially pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.), squash (Cucurbita spp.) and melon [Cucumis melo]. It occurs in the Andean countries, Paraguay, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina. It has been intercepted at ports in the USA, indicating its potential for spread via infested fruits.
Introduction: policy integration and institutional capacity: theoretical, conceptual and empirical challenges
Authors: Domorenok Ekaterina , Graziano Paolo , Polverari Laura 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The issue of institutional capacity has received increased attention in the research on policy integration, bringing about the proliferation of conceptions aimed at capturing the linkage between cross-sectoral aspects of policy designs and the specific attributes that governmental institutions and processes should possess in order to effectively formulate and implement integrated policies. This article contributes to reducing conceptual and analytical fragmentation in this field by elaborating on the different dimensions which compose the broadly defined ‘institutional capacity’ and outlining its link with policy integration. More specifically, our objective is threefold. First, we elaborate on the theoretical and conceptual accounts of institutional capacity with particular regard to integrated policy designs, suggesting an analytical framework that unpacks the different dimensions of institutional capacity through a range of empirical indicators. Second, we discuss the analytical, conceptual and empirical challenges that arise with the study of institutional capacities for policy integration, drawing also on the main findings provided by the contributions to the Thematic Issue. Third, we suggest some promising venues for future research and collect a number of policy-relevant recommendations on institutional capacity, policy integration and policy effectiveness.
Study for a lab-made Moiré pattern-based thread counter
Authors: Liu Yifan , Wang Jin , Li Wenhua , Wen Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The 32nd International Young Physicists’ Tournament (IYPT), a physics competition for students in schools, settled up a problem for the Moiré thread counter. The problem mentioned to design an overlay to measure the thread count of the fabric. In this paper, we made one kind of Moiré pattern-based thread counter by printing the designed overlay on the plastic paper. As a contrast, we also constructed a self-made CCD camera assisted imaging system and studied the thread count. We used a 1951 USAF resolution test chart and MATLAB software for imaging analysis. Ten kinds of simple cloth were prepared, and their thread count measured. The results and the accuracy of the two methods were discussed.
Smartphone-based surface plasmon resonance imaging for near-field concentration mapping
Authors: Preechaburana Pakorn , Amloy Supaluck 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, smartphone-based surface plasmon resonance imaging is used for the near-field mapping of a liquid sample’s concentration distribution. The principal design uses a special coupler based on a parallel incident light beam with p-polarization from a smartphone screen; this light is used to excite surface plasmons on a gold layer 50 nm thick. Using a bespoke application, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) intensity changes are detected in the SPR images captured with the front-facing camera. The SPR intensity is converted to the corresponding concentration using the three-layer Fresnel equation. Concentration mapping observations are presented for the dilution of ethanol dilution by water in a flow cell and an array of chlorine droplets on a gold surface. The high efficiency of this device means that it can be used for photonics research and advanced laboratory experiments.
University students’ conceptual understanding of microscopic models of electrical and thermal conduction in solids
Authors: Erceg Nataša , Jelovica Lejla , Hrepić Zdeslav , Mešić Vanes , Karuza Marin , Aviani Ivica 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Teaching the concepts of electrical and thermal transport in solids begins in elementary school through simple macroscopic models and progressively develops to microscopic quantum models within specialized university courses. Educational research has pointed to a number of misconceptions in this field, especially when it comes to understanding related phenomena at the microscopic level. This study aimed to design an appropriate open-ended version of the concept inventory to test the level of students’ understanding of microscopic models of electrical and thermal conduction in solids (METCS). The METCS concept inventory consists of 27 open-ended questions that examine the understanding of different and interrelated concepts. We used it as a tool for conducting interviews on a sample of ten students from the universities of Rijeka and Split (Croatia). The results of our research confirmed some previously discovered students’ misconceptions and revealed a wide range of new ones. These results can be used to stimulate student discussions and to design curricula and lecture plans for more efficient teaching of transport phenomena in solids. The obtained spectrum of misconceptions will serve as a reference tool for the development of a multiple-choice conceptual METCS test to allow research on larger sample.