bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Performance for the Measurement of Key Serum Minerals: A Comparative Study With Standard Quantification Methods
Authors: Kojo Kosuke , Oguri Tomoko , Tanaka Takazo , Ikeda Atsushi , Shimizu Takuya , Fujimoto Shunsuke , Nakazono Ayumi , Nagumo Yoshiyuki , Kandori Shuya , Negoro Hiromitsu , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) is widely used for the accurate measurement of minerals. However, its application to serum essential mineral measurement has not been fully evaluated. The present study aimed to assess the performance of ICP‐MS for serum minerals by comparing its measurements to those obtained using standard quantification methods.MethodsCross‐sectional data were collected from 282 participants from a single facility in Japan. Serum concentrations of eight key minerals, namely sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper, measured via ICP‐MS and standard methods were compared using Passing–Bablok regression and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsAll minerals, except phosphorus, exhibited good agreement with standard methods, with more stable regression coefficients observed for minerals with greater interindividual variability. After systematically filtering outliers, the mean relative errors were approximately −3% for sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium; +5% for iron; 0% for zinc; and −19% for copper. The outliers for iron were primarily due to mild hemolysis, whereas those for zinc were largely attributed to nonhemolysis factors. For phosphorus, the serum total phosphorus concentration measured using ICP‐MS was approximately 3.5 times higher than the serum inorganic phosphorus concentration measured using standard methods, with a weak correlation observed between the two methods.ConclusionThis study provides a practical foundation for future research. Understanding ICP‐MS characteristics will facilitate the development of new approaches in clinical diagnostics.
oar‐miR‐411a‐5p Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation in Hu Sheep Myoblasts Under Heat Stress by Targeting SMAD2
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Liu Yilan , Li Huixia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs that produce a remarked effect on regulating posttranscriptional gene expression. Our previous study identified a decrease in the expression of oar‐miR‐411a‐5p from umbilical plasma in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) Hu lambs subjected to maternal heat stress. In this study, we demonstrated that oar‐miR‐411a‐5p could modulate skeletal muscle development. Overexpression of oar‐miR‐411a‐5p significantly enhanced proliferation and differentiation in heat‐stressed Hu sheep myoblasts while suppressing apoptosis. Conversely, inhibition of oar‐miR‐411a‐5p resulted in opposing effects. Subsequently, RNAhybrid analysis revealed targeted sites between oar‐miR‐411a‐5p and the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of SMAD2. This suggested that SMAD2 is a direct target gene of oar‐miR‐411a‐5p, as its expression was negatively modulated by oar‐miR‐411a‐5p, a finding corroborated by dual‐luciferase assay and RT‐qPCR. Furthermore, co‐transfection of oar‐miR‐411a‐5p and SMAD2 into Hu sheep myoblasts indicated that oar‐miR‐411a‐5p modulated heat‐stressed myoblast growth by targeting SMAD2. In conclusion, these findings elucidate the function of oar‐miR‐411a‐5p in promoting the development of heat‐stressed Hu sheep myoblasts, thereby enhancing our understanding of how miRNAs influence skeletal muscle growth in heat‐stressed Hu sheep.
The Nematocidal Effect of Leiurus quinquestratus Scorpion Venom on Toxocara canis in Mice Model
Authors: Salama Wesam M. , Elmahy Rasha A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOne neglected zoonotic illness is toxocariasis. There are not enough anthelmintic drugs in the market to treat low‐effectiveness toxocariasis against migrating larvae. Therefore, it is critical to find new, safe alternatives to toxocariasis treatment today. The venom of the Leiurus quinquestratus scorpion (LQV) has numerous medicinal uses. The purpose of this study was to conduct that LQV had an effect on T. canis larvae in the model of mice. Fifty male mice were divided into five groups (n = 10). Group 1 (Gp1) was the negative group, and from Gp2‐Gp5 had been infected with 800–1000 T. canis embryonated eggs. Gp2 was left as positive control, Gp3 was orally administrated with albendazole (Alb) (100 mg/kg/b.wt) for 7 consecutive days at first day post infection (pi), Gp4 was injected intra‐peritoneal (i.p) with LQV (0.03 mg/kg/b.wt) for 15 consecutive days at the first day pi, and Gp5 was given Alb/LQV in the same way and doses as Gp3 and Gp4. At the end of the experiment, at 30th pi, the blood samples were collected for evaluating the biochemical and hematological parameters. The larval count reduction in brain were evaluated, and the histopathological changes in brain and liver were detected. The results showed that, treatment with LQV or Alb/LQV combinations significantly reduced the larval burden in the brain of the infected mice with reduction percentage reached to 70, and 72%, respectively. Interestingly, LQV and Alb/LQV significantly reduced IL‐4, IL‐10, and TNF –α levels and increased IFN‐γ levels. Also, improved the liver transaminases activity, and ameliorated liver and brain architecture. Collectively, LQV may be a promising treatment for T. canis infection and albendazole alternative.
Evaluation of Glenohumeral Joint Kinematics Following the Latarjet and Eden‐Hybinette Procedures a Dynamic Radiostereometric Cadaver Study
Authors: Olsen Kipp Josephine , Thillemann Theis Muncholm , Petersen Emil Toft , de Raedt Sepp , Borgen Lærke , Brüel Annemarie , Falstie‐Jensen Thomas , Stilling Maiken 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAnterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone lesion can be treated with the Eden‐Hybinette procedure utilizing a tricortical iliac crest bone graft or the Latarjet procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the glenohumeral joint (GHJ) kinematics throughout an external shoulder rotation following the Eden‐Hybinette and Latarjet procedures. Nine human specimens were examined with dynamic radiostereometry during a GHJ external rotation with anteriorly directed loads from 0 to 30 N. In 30‐ and 60‐degree GHJ abduction, the kinematics (measured as the humeral head center and contact point) was sequentially recorded for a 15% anterior glenoid bone lesion, the Eden‐Hybinette, and the Latarjet procedure. The Latarjet and Eden‐Hybinette procedures resulted in up to 9.7 mm (95%CI 0.5; 18.8) more posterior and a 7.4 mm (95%CI 0.3; 14.4) superior humeral head center location compared to the glenoid bone lesion. With 0–20 N anterior directed loads, the Latarjet procedure resulted in a more posterior humeral head center and contact point of up to 7.6 mm (95%CI 3.6; 11.5), especially in 60 degrees of GHJ abduction, compared to the Eden‐Hybinette procedure. Opposite, at 30 N anterior‐directed load, the Eden‐Hybinette procedure resulted in a more posterior humeral head center of up to 7.6 mm (95%CI 0.3; 14.9) in 30 degrees GHJ abduction compared to the Latarjet procedure. The results support considering the Latarjet procedures in patients who need the stabilizing effect with the arm in the abducted and externally rotated position (e.g., throwers) and the Eden‐Hybinette procedure in patients exposed to high anterior‐directed loads with the arm at lower abduction angles (e.g., epilepsia).
Long‐term outcome of pediatric acute severe colitis: A prospective 5‐year follow‐up of the PRASCO trial
Authors: Lachman Dan , Orlanski‐Meyer Esther , Lev‐Tzion Raffi , Ledder Oren , Assa Amit , Shavit‐Brunschwig Zivia , Yerushalmi Baruch , Aloi Marina , Griffiths Anne M. , Albenberg Lindsey , Bar‐Or Itzhak , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Shouval Dror S. , Cohen Shlomi , Turner Dan , Atia Ohad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe PRASCO trial reported the short‐term superiority of an antibiotic cocktail plus intravenous corticosteroids (IVCS) over IVCS alone in children with acute severe colitis (ASC). Here, we report the extension of the PRASCO trial and the long‐term outcomes of the antibiotic cocktail in ASC.MethodsThis prospective follow‐up of the PRASCO trial documented disease outcomes and treatments annually through 5 years. The primary outcome was colectomy, and the secondary outcome was escalation to biologics, analyzed descriptively.ResultsA total of 26 children were included (12 receiving IVCS and 14 receiving IVCS + antibiotics), 19% of whom underwent colectomy during the follow‐up period. The estimated probability of colectomy at 3, 6, and 12 months from admission were 7.1%, 7.1%, and 21% with IVCS + antibiotics and 0%, 8.3%, and 17% with IVCS. No children required colectomy after the first year of follow‐up. The estimated probability of escalating to biologics were 66%, 77%, and 77% after 1, 2, and 3 years with IVCS + antibiotics and 42%, 51%, and 76% with IVCS. Clinical remission was higher in the IVCS + antibiotics group at each timepoint (e.g., 30% vs. 11% at 5‐years). Delta of Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) score from baseline to day three of admission predicted future escalation to biologics (area under curves (AUC) 0.84 [95%CI 0.59–1.0]).ConclusionWhile adding antibiotics to IVCS may provide better short‐term outcomes, the long‐term benefits were comparable to IVCS alone. At 5 years, about one‐fifth of children had undergone colectomy, and almost four‐fifths had escalated to biologics, particularly during the first year after admission.
Food utility potential of protease obtained from insect‐commensal Bacillus subtilis AU‐2
Authors: Raut Santosh D. , Bharuka Vipul A. , Patel Aniketa R. , Patil Ulhas K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacillus subtilis AU‐2, isolated from the gut of Tribolium castaneum, was used for protease production. The purified protease was evaluated for its potential in food‐related applications including meat tenderization, milk coagulation, and the preparation of enzymatic soybean hydrolysates. Enzymatic hydrolysis of soy protein is an effective method for producing protein hydrolysates with optimal techno‐functional properties.RESULTSThis study confirmed that B. subtilis AU‐2 is a commensal with T. castaneum, within the insect gut flora. The purified protease obtained from B. subtilis AU‐2 exhibited meat tenderization activity and an ability to promote milk coagulation within a 20 min timeframe. Soybean hydrolysate prepared using the protease exhibited a relatively higher degree of hydrolysis (20.1%) than pepsin, trypsin, and papain. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) peptide fragmentation pattern of the enzymatically prepared soy protein hydrolysate revealed the disappearance of ~35 kDa protein bands after 4 h protease treatment. The prepared soy protein hydrolysate showed improved emulsifying capacity (EC) (705 mL g−1) and exhibited significant 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant activity (77.89%) and hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging activity (97.23%).CONCLUSIONSThe protease obtained from the newly isolated B. subtilis AU‐2 strain exhibited potential for food‐related applications, including meat tenderization, milk clotting, and soybean hydrolysate preparation. Its accessibility opens avenues for utilization in the food processing industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
In Situ Column Modification of Silica Monoliths With Pentafluorophenyl Ligands for the HPLC Separation of Eight Tocochromanols
Authors: Baškirovs Georgijs , Soliven Arianne , Górnaś Paweł 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSilica‐based monoliths offer higher separation efficiency per unit pressure drop compared to particle‐packed columns. Their application is limited by the commercial availability of different column chemistries. Pentafluorophenyl ligands enable hydrogen bonding, dipole–dipole, π–π, and hydrophobic interactions, facilitating the separation of various compounds. This study employs an in situ modification procedure, namely, the silylation reaction to bond these specific ligands to silica‐based monoliths. Three chromolith silica monoliths were modified with three different PFP‐moieties. The silica monolith was successfully modified in situ with 3‐(pentafluorophenyl)propylmethyldichlorosilane and the separation behavior was compared to a particle‐packed pentafluorophenyl column and a C18 monolith for the separation of tocochromanols (Vitamin E‐related compounds). The C18 monolith failed to resolve all the tocochromanols, while the PFP particle‐packed column and monolith were comparable under their optimized conditions. The PFP monoliths conditions are as follows: isocratic water‐methanol (22:78, v/v) mobile phase, with a flow rate of 1.45 mL/min, at 15°C. Further chromatographic comparisons between the PFP particle‐packed column to the PFP monolith included selectivity studies under isocratic conditions via the linear solvent strength model, which also showed comparable selectivity behavior. Differences in selectivity was demonstrated for a gradient separation of eight compounds to represent a relatively more complex separation. In addition, backpressure and Van Deemter comparisons were performed, and it was demonstrated that the main PFP monolith advantages were obtained near the pressure maximum of the PFP particle‐packed column at 3.5 mL/min, comparable efficiencies were obtained, and the PFP monolith decreased the backpressure by one‐third.
Quantification of Phthalate Esters in Carbonated Soft Drinks by Hollow Fiber‐Microporous Membrane Liquid‐Liquid Extraction and 96‐Well Plate System Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Fatty Acids
Authors: Morelli Diogo C. , Morés Lucas , Carasek Eduardo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study introduces a green approach to sample preparation by applying natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) to determine phthalates in carbonated soft drinks using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD). The method employs hollow fiber‐microporous membrane liquid‐liquid microextraction combined with a 96‐well plate system, utilizing fatty‐acid‐based DES in the pores of the membranes. This methodology substantially reduces the use of organic solvents, and its efficiency is comparable to or better than conventional methods. Fatty acids with chain lengths ranging from 6 to 12 carbons were investigated for the determination of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP). The optimized approach used a NADES of decanoic and nonanoic acids (2:3 molar ratio), with 60 min of extraction and 30 min of desorption in acetonitrile:methanol (1:1 ratio). Limits of detection were reported as 8.2 µg/L for DMP, 7.6 µg/L for DEP and DBP, and 3.0 µg/L for BBP. Intraday precision ranged from 2.2% to 18.6% and inter‐day precision from 8.8% to 18.8%. Relative recovery across 3 levels ranged from 83.1% to 113.5%. The methodology was evaluated by two tools with green metrics to indicate sustainability. Analytes are extracted, quantified, and confirmed as phthalates in two brands of carbonated soft drinks.
All‐Dielectric Meta‐Microlens‐Array Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Suresh Surag Athippillil , Vyas Sunil , Chu Cheng Hung , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Tanaka Takuo , Yeh J. Andrew , Tsai Din Ping , Luo Yuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAcquisition time and optical sectioning capability are critical factors in fluorescence imaging. Confocal microscopy is a vital optical imaging method to inherently observe volumetric tissues with fine optical sectioning capability; however, point‐by‐point scanning is time‐consuming. Metasurfaces, a type of flat optics utilizing nano‐scale structures, provide diverse functionalities and extensive flexibility in controlling light wavefronts. Here, meta‐microlens‐array (meta‐MLA) for multifocal confocal fluorescence microscopy to enhance acquisition speed is introduced, reduce photo‐bleaching, and improve energy efficiency while remaining compatible with existing commercial scanning configurations. Point spread function (PSF) in the meta‐MLA confocal lateral and axial directions has been evaluated. Fast optically sectioned images of various samples, including pollen grains and biological tissue phantoms, are performed. Image quality is further enhanced by the Richardson–Lucy (RL) deconvolution method with total variation (TV). The trade‐off between spatial resolution and acquisition speed is overcome using deep neural network models, comparing performance metrics with a conventional confocal microscope. The combination of meta‐MLA confocal and deep learning with superior image quality and fast acquisition will likely extend the clinical applications of miniaturized optical imaging.
Pancreatic Safety of Tirzepatide and Its Effects on Islet Cell Function: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kamrul‐Hasan A. B. M. , Mondal Sunetra , Dutta Deep , Nagendra Lakshmi , Kabir Mohammed Ruhul , Pappachan Joseph M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEndogenous glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulate islet cell function. GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) have been associated with an elevated risk of acute pancreatitis. Data on the pancreatic safety of tirzepatide (a dual GLP‐1 and GIP agonist) and its effects on islet cell function in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are scarce. Moreover, no meta‐analysis has comprehensively examined such effects of tirzepatide.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for RCTs with tirzepatide as the intervention and a placebo or active comparator as the control. The primary outcome was adjudication‐confirmed pancreatitis; secondary outcomes were the percent changes from baseline in serum pancreatic amylase, lipase, insulin, C‐peptide, glucagon, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2‐IR).ResultsSeventeen RCTs with 18 published reports involving 14,645 subjects were analyzed. Over a follow‐up duration of 12–72 weeks, tirzepatide had identical risks of pancreatitis to placebo (tirzepatide 5 mg: RR 2.04, 95% CI [0.27–15.69], p = 0.49; 10 mg: RR 0.63, 95% CI [0.08–5.12], p = 0.67; and 15 mg: RR 1.26, 95% CI [0.36–4.98], p = 0.72). Tirzepatide was also associated with comparable risks of pancreatitis to insulin and GLP‐1RAs. However, tirzepatide (at all doses) caused greater increases in pancreatic amylase and lipase than placebo and insulin. Individuals on tirzepatide 15 mg and GLP‐1RAs had similar risks of having increased lipase levels. The percent reductions in fasting insulin were greater with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg than with placebo. All doses of tirzepatide caused greater percent reductions in fasting insulin, C‐peptide, and glucagon than GLP‐1RAs. Compared to placebo and GLP‐1RAs, the percent reductions in HOMA2‐IR were greater with all doses of tirzepatide.ConclusionThe meta‐analysis provides evidence of the safety of tirzepatide regarding pancreatitis and establishes its positive effect on islet cell functions and insulin resistance.
Energy‐based characterization of polymer/particle interphase region as piled‐up equilibrated molecular layers: The impact of different distribution patterns of adsorption energy
Authors: Sharifzadeh Esmail 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel energy‐based strategy was developed, based on equilibrating the adsorption and resistive energies, to investigate the physical/mechanical features of the polymer/particle interphase region. To this end, the interphase region was assumed to consist of a specific number of layers, with constant initial thickness, subjected to contraction force by the adsorbent. The distribution of the distance‐dependent adsorption energy inside the interphase was modeled according to linear, oval, exponential, and scaling‐based patterns. On the other hand, the values of resistive energies acting on each layer, including bulk and tensile energies, were estimated considering the equilibrated thickness of the bottom layers. The incorporation of the molecular features of the adsorbed polymer chains into the characterizing pattern of the adsorbing energy proved to considerably increase the related prediction accuracy. The validation process was performed by combining the devised strategy with a particularly developed mechanical model based on the concepts of Kolarik's approach and involving the impact of aggregation/agglomeration phenomenon. Comparing the analytical data with those elicited from the literature revealed that the exponential and scaling‐based patterns could provide reliable results (error <6%); however, oval and linear patterns considerably alleviated the accuracy of the mechanical model (error <17%).Highlights
Characterizing the interphase based on energy equilibrium in the region.
Representing different patterns of adsorption energy distribution in the interphase.
Involving molecular characteristics of the adsorbed polymer chains on nanoparticles.
High prediction accuracy while applying exponential and scaling‐based patterns.
Designing a novel mechanical model to predict the tensile modulus of nanocomposite.
Zeolite‐impregnated polypropylene melt‐electrospun membranes for filtration applications
Authors: Karahaliloğlu Zeynep 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCombining zeolites (Zeo) through electrospinning is a developing area, with relatively few studies dedicated to the production of zeolite/polymer composites. Therefore, creating highly effective filters by using a polymer base and zeolite has become necessary. In this study, a combination of polypropylene (PP) melt and zeolite by electrospinning technique is employed to fabricate a PP‐Zeo filter membrane. The average fiber diameter of PP‐Zeo filter membrane was found as 1 ± 0.02 μm. To improve the filtration efficacy, the surface of PP/Zeo membranes was modified using zeolite by two methods, electrospraying and chemical activation. According to SEM and EDX, results showed that a significantly different Al/Si atomic percentage was obtained by chemical activation compared to the electrospraying method. Additionally, the surface roughness (Sa) values significantly improved following the surface modification procedure. The surface roughness of PP/Zeo membranes modified with 5% (w/v) zeolite using the chemical activation method was 0.189 μm, compared to 0.143 μm for pure PP. This work presents a facile and effective preparation method to be used as filter for membrane filtration applications.Highlights
Polyprophylene (PP) and zeolite (Zeo) were combined for effective filtration.
PP or PP/Zeo fiber membranes were prepared by melt‐electrospinning.
The surface was modified comparatively using electrospraying and Garcia methods.
SEM analyses indicated that the surface was coated with zeolite particles.
Resveratrol: A Narrative Review Regarding Its Mechanisms in Mitigating Obesity‐Associated Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Cai Yichen , Chen Qiu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTResveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring astragalus‐like polyphenolic compound with remarkable weight loss properties. However, the mechanism of RSV in treating obesity is unclear. In this narrative review, we explored electronic databases (PubMed) for research articles from 2021 to the present using the keywords “resveratrol” and “obesity”. This article explores the mechanisms involved in the alleviation of obesity‐related metabolic disorders by RSV. RSV affects obesity by modulating mitochondrial function, insulin signaling, and gut microbiota, regulating lipid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, and regulating epigenetic regulation. Administering RSV to pregnant animals exhibits maternal and first‐generation offspring benefits, and RSV administration to lactating animals has long‐term benefits, which involve the epigenetic modulations by RSV. A comprehensive understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms of RSV regulation could help in developing drugs suitable for pregnancy preparation groups, pregnant women, and nursing infants.