bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights of antiparasitic activity of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate against different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: de Freitas Oliveira Johny Wysllas , Torres Taffarel Melo , Moreno Cláudia Jassica Gonçalves , Amorim-Carmo Bruno , Damasceno Igor Zumba , Soares Ana Katarina Menezes Cruz , da Silva Barbosa Jefferson , Rocha Hugo Alexandre Oliveira , Silva Marcelo Sousa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and affects thousands of people. Drugs currently used in therapy are toxic and have therapeutic limitations. In addition, the genetic diversity of T. cruzi represents an important variable and challenge in treatment. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC) is a compound with pharmacological versatility acting as metal chelators and ROS generation. Thus, the objective was to characterize the antiparasitic action of DETC against different strains and forms of T. cruzi and their mechanism. The different strains of T. cruzi were grown in LIT medium. To evaluate the antiparasitic activity of DETC, epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi were used by resazurin reduction methods and by counting. Different response patterns were obtained between the strains and an IC50 of DETC ranging from 9.44 ± 3,181 to 60.49 ± 7.62 µM. Cell cytotoxicity against 3T3 and RAW cell lines and evaluated by MTT, demonstrated that DETC in high concentration (2222.00 µM) presents low toxicity. Yet, DETC causes mitochondrial damage in T. cruzi, as well as disruption in parasite membrane. DETC has antiparasitic activity against different genotypes and forms of T. cruzi, therefore, representing a promising molecule as a drug for the treatment of Chagas disease.
Nationwide population-based study of prevalence and trend of borderline ovarian tumors in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Ouh Yung-Taek , Kang Dongwoo , Kim Hoseob , Lee Jae Kwan , Hong Jin Hwa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBorderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) represent noninvasive tumors with uncertain malignant potential. They have a favorable prognosis although they can also recur or be fatal. There are limited population-based data on BOTs, its incidence and surgical treatment approach. We sought to analyze these trends in South Korea between 2014 and 2018. Data from patients diagnosed with BOT between 2014 and 2018 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service/National Inpatient Sample in South Korea. Treatment was analyzed by using codes including adnexal surgery with or without hysterectomy. Data from 4,636,542 women were entered into the database between 2014 and 2018. Data from 5,109 women with BOT, and 537 women with surgery were extracted for analysis. The highest prevalence of BOT occurred in women 40–44 years old. In logistic regression analysis, age was significantly correlated with the prevalence of BOT (p < 0.05). The prevalence of BOT was lower in individuals over 50 than it was in those under 50 years (odds ratio (OR), 0.400 in 2014; OR, 0.457 in 2015; OR, 0.419 in 2016; OR, 0.355 in 2017; OR, 0.347 in 2018). The prevalence of BOT varies significantly with age, and is most common in women in their 40 s.
Viral-mediated transduction of auditory neurons with opsins for optical and hybrid activation
Authors: Richardson Rachael T. , Thompson Alex C. , Wise Andrew K. , Ajay Elise A. , Gunewardene Niliksha , O’Leary Stephen J. , Stoddart Paul R. , Fallon James B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOptical stimulation is a paradigm-shifting approach to modulating neural activity that has the potential to overcome the issue of current spread that occurs with electrical stimulation by providing focused stimuli. But optical stimulation either requires high power infrared light or genetic modification of neurons to make them responsive to lower power visible light. This work examines optical activation of auditory neurons following optogenetic modification via AAV injection in two species (mouse and guinea pig). An Anc80 viral vector was used to express the channelrhodopsin variant ChR2-H134R fused to a fluorescent reporter gene under the control of the human synapsin-1 promoter. The AAV was administered directly to the cochlea (n = 33) or posterior semi-circular canal of C57BL/6 mice (n = 4) or to guinea pig cochleae (n = 6). Light (488 nm), electrical stimuli or the combination of these (hybrid stimulation) was delivered to the cochlea via a laser-coupled optical fibre and co-located platinum wire. Activation thresholds, spread of activation and stimulus interactions were obtained from multi-unit recordings from the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus of injected mice, as well as ChR2-H134R transgenic mice (n = 4). Expression of ChR2-H134R was examined by histology. In the mouse, transduction of auditory neurons by the Anc80 viral vector was most successful when injected at a neonatal age with up to 89% of neurons transduced. Auditory neuron transductions were not successful in guinea pigs. Inferior colliculus responses to optical stimuli were detected in a cochleotopic manner in all mice with ChR2-H134R expression. There was a significant correlation between lower activation thresholds in mice and higher proportions of transduced neurons. There was no difference in spread of activation between optical stimulation and electrical stimulation provided by the light/electrical delivery system used here (optical fibre with bonded 25 µm platinum/iridium wire). Hybrid stimulation, comprised of sub-threshold optical stimulation to ‘prime’ or raise the excitability of the neurons, lowered the threshold for electrical activation in most cases, but the impact on excitation width was more variable compared to transgenic mice. This study demonstrates the impact of opsin expression levels and expression pattern on optical and hybrid stimulation when considering optical or hybrid stimulation techniques for neuromodulation.
Structures in G proteins important for subtype selective receptor binding and subsequent activation
Authors: Jelinek Volker , Mösslein Nadja , Bünemann Moritz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) selectively couple to specific heterotrimeric G proteins comprised of four subfamilies in order to induce appropriate physiological responses. However, structural determinants in Gα subunits responsible for selective recognition by approximately 800 human GPCRs have remained elusive. Here, we directly compare the influence of subtype-specific Gα structures on the stability of GPCR-G protein complexes and the activation by two Gq-coupled receptors. We used FRET-assays designed to distinguish multiple Go and Gq-based Gα chimeras in their ability to be selectively bound and activated by muscarinic M3 and histaminic H1 receptors. We identify the N-terminus including the αN/β1-hinge, the β2/β3-loop and the α5 helix of Gα to be key selectivity determinants which differ in their impact on selective binding to GPCRs and subsequent activation depending on the specific receptor. Altogether, these findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of G protein-coupling selectivity even beyond the Gα C-terminus.
Electrically driven formation and dynamics of swallow-tail solitons in smectic A liquid crystals
Authors: Shen Yuan , Dierking Ingo 
Published: May 2021

Multi-dimensional particle-like solitons are formed in a smectic A liquid crystal driven by electric fields. The solitons are localized deformations of smectic layers and travel perpendicular to the smectic layers with a constant speed.
Effective enantiomeric identification of aromatic amines by tyrosine-modified pillar[5]arenes as chiral NMR solvating agents
Authors: Liu Luzhi , Ma Cuiguang , He Qin , Huang Yan , Duan Wengui 
Published: May 2021

Two novel tyrosine-modified pillar[5]arenes have been synthesized and applied as chiral NMR solvating agents to establish an efficient 1H NMR method for enantioselective recognition and configuration assignment towards α-aromatic ethylamines.
The Value of Speech-Language Pathologists in Auditory Rehabilitation for Adults With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Ray Christin , Taylor Erin , Vasil Kara J. , Zombek Lindsay , Baxter Jodi H. , Moberly Aaron C. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Standards for auditory rehabilitation are currently lacking for adults who receive cochlear implants. Speech recognition outcomes are highly variable, and many adults with cochlear implants present with suboptimal performance. Functional real-life communication abilities are not routinely measured clinically and are not strongly linked to performance on traditional measures of speech recognition. In fact, even individuals with relatively good speech recognition outcomes often present with persistent communication difficulties. In contrast to pediatric cochlear implant users, speech-language pathologists are not routinely involved in the rehabilitation of adults who receive cochlear implants.

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to describe the value of including a speech-language pathologist in a comprehensive approach to auditory rehabilitation for adults with cochlear implants.

Method
The theoretical and clinical foundations of incorporating a speech-language pathologist into an adult auditory rehabilitation program are discussed. A description of the skills and potential roles of the speech-language pathologist for providing adult cochlear implant rehabilitation services is presented, along with potential barriers to implementation.

Conclusion
Person-centered management of postlingually deafened adults with cochlear implants can be augmented by a more complete approach utilizing the skill set of a speech-language pathologist.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14669652
Specific radar emitter identification based on two stage multiple kernel extreme learning machine
Authors: Shi Ya , Yuan Ming‐Dong , Ren Junlin , Xu Shengjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo make full use of the discriminative information containing in the whole ambiguity function (AF) plane, a novel two stage multiple kernel extreme learning machine (TSMKELM) method for specific radar emitter identification is proposed. Firstly, the AF plane is segmented into the non‐overlapping Doppler shift stripes and each stripe is encoded as a kernel. Next, the discrimination of these stripes is evaluated and sorted according to the kernel discriminant ratio (KDR) criterion, which is in line with the large margin principle of KELM. Then, only the stripes with large KDRs are kept and the combined kernel is calculated by directly using the normalized KDRs as combination weights. At last, the KELM classifier is employed to fulfil the individual identification task. The proposed algorithm, named as KDR‐TSMKELM, solves the kernel combination weights and kernel classifier parameter separately, bringing much efficiency in practice. Experiments on two real radar datasets validate the proposed algorithm.
Single session per oral endoscopic myotomy and trans oral incisionless fundoplication – can we prevent reflux in patients with achalasia?
Authors: Benias Petros C. , Kumbhari Vivek , Kumta Nikhil A. , Sethi Amrita , D’Souza Lionel S. , Tyberg Amy , Brewer Gutierrez Olaya , Miller Larry S. , Carr-Locke David L. , Khashab Mouen A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims The rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is concerning. Endoscopic anti-reflux methods, such as Trans Oral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF), are crucial for the long-term success of POEM, especially if they can be performed in the same session.
Methods We completed a proof-of-concept canine pilot study (n = 6) to assess safety and feasibility of POEM and TIF in a single session (POEM-TIF). Subsequently, POEM-TIF was also performed in patients with achalasia (n = 5). Herein, we report on the safety, technical and clinical success of the first-in-human cases with symptom follow-up at 1, 3 and 6 months and pH testing at 6 months.
Results POEM was completed successfully in six canines (3 anterior and 3 posterior myotomies), followed by TIF in the same session. Necropsy and extensive testing demonstrated no evidence of mucosal injury and no leaks. The reconstructed valve was 220 to 240 degrees, 3 to 4 cm in length, and resulted in concomitant esophageal lengthening (2–5 cm). Using similar principles, the first-in-human cases were performed without intraprocedural or delayed adverse events. pH testing at 6 months showed that four of five patients had no evidence of GERD (DeMeester > 14.72), and in one case, there was evidence of esophagitis.
Conclusions Single session POEM-TIF appears to be safe and feasible. Early clinical human data suggests that it may be able to reduce post POEM GERD, however the additional secondary benefits such as lengthening and straightening of the esophagus, may prove to be equally important for the long-term success of POEM.
Inclusive, Cross-Sectoral and Evidence-Based Decision-Making for Resilience Planning and Decision-Making in a Devolved Context
Authors: Neely C. L. , Bourne M. , Chesterman S. , Vågen T.-G. , Lekaram V. , Winowiecki L. A. , Prabhu R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSuccessfully achieving the sustainable development goals requires addressing complex, interrelated, wicked problems across multiple scales and contexts and decision-making that tackles nested layers of goals and targets across the interrelated social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability. The Stakeholder Approach to Risk-informed and Evidence-based Decision-making (SHARED) bridges processes, tools and accessible evidence to support inter-sectoral and multi-stakeholder decision-making and implementation aimed at achieving resilience aspirations and associated investments. Adaptive collaborative management and multiple-loop learning serve as a basis for the systematic approach to institutional learning that supports shifts in underlying institutional understanding and values leading to actionable organisational change. This paper describes a contextual application of tailored technical assistance and institutional support to the Turkana County Government in Kenya, a newly devolved governance structure, under conditions of complexity. The SHARED Turkana County decision case demonstrates how the approach responded to a policy aspiration, resulting in greater and more intentional use of evidence in planning and budget allocations, cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder partnerships, inclusive and transformative projects and a consultative and evidence-based five-year County Integrated Development Plan.
Structure learning in inverse Ising problems using ℓ
2-regularized linear estimator
Authors: Meng Xiangming , Obuchi Tomoyuki , Kabashima Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The inference performance of the pseudolikelihood method is discussed in the framework of the inverse Ising problem when the ℓ
2-regularized (ridge) linear regression is adopted. This setup is introduced for theoretically investigating the situation where the data generation model is different from the inference one, namely the model mismatch situation. In the teacher-student scenario under the assumption that the teacher couplings are sparse, the analysis is conducted using the replica and cavity methods, with a special focus on whether the presence/absence of teacher couplings is correctly inferred or not. The result indicates that despite the model mismatch, one can perfectly identify the network structure using naive linear regression without regularization when the number of spins N is smaller than the dataset size M, in the thermodynamic limit N → ∞. Further, to access the underdetermined region M < N, we examine the effect of the ℓ
2 regularization, and find that biases appear in all the coupling estimates, preventing the perfect identification of the network structure. We, however, find that the biases are shown to decay exponentially fast as the distance from the center spin chosen in the pseudolikelihood method grows. Based on this finding, we propose a two-stage estimator: in the first stage, the ridge regression is used and the estimates are pruned by a relatively small threshold; in the second stage the naive linear regression is conducted only on the remaining couplings, and the resultant estimates are again pruned by another relatively large threshold. This estimator with the appropriate regularization coefficient and thresholds is shown to achieve the perfect identification of the network structure even in 0 < M/N < 1. Results of extensive numerical experiments support these findings.
Trapped active toy robots: theory and experiment
Authors: Tapia-Ignacio Cecilio , Gutierrez-Martinez Luis L , Sandoval Mario 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We characterise the diffusion, mean-square speed, mean-square angular displacement, radial and speed probability distributions of toy robots called ‘hexbugs-nano’ that move on a dish antenna (with added surface roughness) simulating a harmonic well. It is observed that a model considering the system’s translational inertia but neglecting its moment of inertia, together with the inclusion of a constant external torque in the orientational motion, suffices to describe the robots’ dynamics. Langevin dynamics simulation are also performed and a good agreement between theory, simulations and experiments is observed.
The development of training course to promote learning activities skill based on the STEM Education concept for elementary school teachers
Authors: Punsrigate Khonjaroen K , Srikoon Sanit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objectives of this research are 1) to develop the training course to promote learning activities skill based on the STEM education concept for elementary school teacher 2) to evaluation of training course effectiveness from teacher’s understanding about learning activities with STEM education and teacher’s skill on learning activity management with STEM education, including of student’s skill on scientific process skills and the ability to use technology. The research method consisted of 4 steps. The step 1 was the developing framework of problems and needs in training course on learning activities with STEM education. Step 2 was the development of the draft training course and quality evaluation of training course. Step 3 was the evaluation of training course effectiveness. Step 4 was the training course improvement and development. The results of the research are as follows: the training course to promote learning activities skill based on the STEM education concept for elementary school teacher consisted of 1) principles 2) objectives 3) learning content 4) the 6 steps training activities were planning, acting, exchange of learning, idea reflection, evaluation and data feedback 5) required materials 6) training assessment. The training course effectiveness was found that the training course had an effectiveness on 1) the teacher’s understanding about learning activities with STEM education after passed the training course was higher than before attend training 2) a teacher’s skill on learning activity management with STEM education was at a high level 3) the students had skills on scientific process higher than defined criteria and 4) the students had a good ability to use technology.
Receiver System Based Student Tracking System using IoT
Authors: Muthulakshmi S , Dhivya dharshini B , Hema Priya S , Jaya priya RR 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Our work is a result of an insight to a specific problem faced by kindergarten children or kids under 12 years when they are at school and in their everyday life. The ultimate goal of this project is to plan the blue print and related work of RF based Student Tracking System. By using the in and out monitoring records that helps to create the suitable place or environment which helps in maintaining their safety. The proposed system notifies the parents when they enter and leave the school via mobile text messages with the help pf GSM. The system uses fingerprint verification as a part for locking and unlocking the student band which is worn by each and every student. Therefore, with the help of the proposed system safety of the kindergarten children or kids under 12 years (i.e) school student’s is enhanced. The testing is done and the appropriate result is obtained which is used to calculate the intended method.
SAR measurement for different antenna configurations
Authors: Seetharaman R. , Rahul D. , Lakshmanan H. Mani , Anandan K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is a measure of radiation absorbed by the human body. SAR is expressed either as an average value of SAR in a cell of 1 gram or an average value in a cell of 10 grams. The aim of the paper is to study the average SAR value in human head due to the usage of mobile phones. The SAR values are measured and studied using a simulation software. In addition to calculating the SAR value, four different antenna configurations were designed with quarter-wave antennas to obtain the optimal design that has the least SAR value. The Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) phantom was used to simulate the human head and the simulation software was used to design the antennas and mobile phone.
IOT Based Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling System
Authors: Sujin J S , Murugan R , Nagarjun M , Praveen Akash K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Managed areas for the production of plants are greenhouses. Because current greenhouse plants restrict themselves, they are not automatically controlled and have to be manually operated with various documents. The system suggested must be monitored and controlled continuously to ensure optimal growth of plants, e.g. temperature, moisture, soil humidity, light intensity etc. This work shows a management mechanism for children’s nurseries over the Internet of Things (IOT). The System can check for evident conditions, such as humidity, soil immersion, temperature, fire proximity, strength of light, etc. With NodeMCU esp 8266, all data from the environment parameters are sent to the nube. If a parameter exceeds the limit set, the associated actuator is switched on. If the Earth parameter does not meet the required value, the microcontroller turns on the motor. A mobile phone and desktop allows the user to display and monitor parameters.
A Quantum-Based Blockchain Approach to Voting Protocol Using Hyperledger Sawtooth
Authors: Vignesh V , Gopalan S Harihara , Mohan M , Ramya R S , Ananthakumar R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Protection measures are essential to present day blockchain innovation ever, since they can exist short of empowered outsider, which implies that there may not be a disclosed trustworthy individual or group responsible for frameworks. Security of the present frameworks depends on estimating the firmness assumptions and large numbers of the benchmark cryptographic functions proven to be powerless for crucial monetary and a variety of applications against the approach of undeniable quantum machines. Upgrading blockchain innovation with the future of quantum states in a shared manner will enhance the degree of protection and security by-laws of physical science, which is never feasible from non-quantum data hypothetical perspectives. In this article, we propose a quantum-built way to deal with harness of security for a democratic application with the execution, utilizing Hyperledger Sawtooth.