bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAN score comprising fibrosis-4 index, albumin–bilirubin score and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio is a prognostic marker of urothelial carcinoma patients treated with pembrolizumab
Authors: Kawashima Atsunari , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Sato Mototaka , Nakata Wataru , Kakuta Yoichi , Ishizuya Yu , Yamaguchi Yuichiro , Yamamoto Akinaru , Yoshida Takahiro , Takayama Hitoshi , Takada Tsuyoshi , Inoue Hitoshi , Okuda Yohei , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Uemura Motohide , Nonomura Norio , Imamura Ryoichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is important to identify prognostic and predictive markers of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) treated with immunocheckpoint inhibitors. We sought to establish a prognostic marker for patients with mUC treated with pembrolizumab based on only blood test results. We included 165 patients with mUC in the discovery cohort and 103 with mUC who were treated with pembrolizumab in the validation cohort. Multivariate and Cox regression analyses were used to analyse the data. In the discovery cohort, the fibrosis-4 index (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–3.76, p = 0.010), albumin–bilirubin score (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.27–2.88, p = 0.002), and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (HR: 1.84, 95% CI 1.22–2.79, p = 0.004) were independent significant prognostic factors. We established a ‘FAN score’ that included these three aforementioned items, which were assigned one point each. We divided patients into the 0–1 point (n = 116) and 2–3 points (n = 49) groups. The FAN score was a significant prognostic marker for cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.19–1.83, p < 0.001) along with the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status. The FAN score was also a prognostic factor of progression-free survival (PFS) (HR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.54, p = 0.036) along with the presence of liver metastasis. In the validation cohort, the FAN score was a significant prognostic factor for CSS (HR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.19–1.85, p = 0.001) and PFS (HR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.02–1.62, p = 0.034). We established the FAN score as a prognostic marker for patients with mUC treated with pembrolizumab.
Kinetics, energy efficiency and mathematical modeling of thin layer solar drying of figs (Ficus carica L.)
Authors: Hssaini Lahcen , Ouaabou Rachida , Hanine Hafida , Razouk Rachid , Idlimam Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFirst convectional thin layer drying of two fig (Ficus caricaL.) varieties growing in Morocco, using partially indirect convective dryer, was performed. The experimental design combined three air temperature levels (60, 70 and 80 °C) and two air-flow rates (150 and 300 m3/h). Fig drying curve was defined as a third-order polynomial equation linking the sample moisture content to the effective moisture diffusivity. The average activation energy ranged between 4699.41 and 7502.37 kJ/kg. It raised proportionally with the air flow velocity, and the same patterns were observed for effective moisture diffusivity regarding drying time and velocity. High levels of temperature (80 °C) and velocity (300 m3/h) lead to shorten drying time (200 min) and improve the slices physical quality. Among the nine tested models, Modified Handerson and Pabis exhibited the highest correlation coefficient value with the lowest chi-square for both varieties, and then give the best prediction performance. Energetic investigation of the dryer prototype showed that the total use of energy alongside with the specific energy utilization (13.12 and 44.55 MWh/kg) were inversely proportional to the velocity and drying temperature. Likewise, the energy efficiency was greater (3.98%) in drying conditions.
Determinizing the contributions of human activities and climate change on greening in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China
Authors: Cao Wei , Wu Dan , Huang Lin , Pan Mei , Huhe Taoli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChina accounts for 25% of the global greening. There are temporal and spatial differences of China’s greening and intrinsic driving forces. Thus, it is crucial to determinize the contributions of human activities and climate change on greening at region scale. The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region (BTHR) is one of the most active areas with human activities in China. It is necessary to explore negative or positive impacts of human activities on the regional greening or browning under climate change. A time series of annual vegetation coverage from satellite data was selected to quantify regional greening in the BTHR from 2000 to 2019 and their responses to climate change and human activities. Results showed generally widespread greening over the last 20 years at an average increased rate of 0.036 decade−1in vegetation coverage (P < 0.01). Overall warmer and wetter climate across the BTHR were positively correlated with regional greening. The positive effects of human activities on greening accounted for 48.4% of the BTHR, especially the benefits of ecological restoration projects and the agricultural activities. Increases in vegetation coverage had resulted from the combined effects of climate change and human activities. Climate change had a stronger influence on vegetation coverage than human activities. Contributions of climate change to greening and browning was about 74.1% and < 20%, respectively. The decrease in vegetation coverage was mainly the results of the inhibition of human activities. More detailed socioeconomic and anthropogenic datasets are required for further analysis. Further research consideration would focus on the nonlinear responses of vegetation to climate change.
Compound connection mechanism of Al2O3 ceramic and TC4 Ti alloy with different joining modes
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chen YanKun , Zhou JianPing , Sun DaQian , Li HongMei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, laser welding-brazing of TC4 Titanium (Ti) alloy and Al2O3 ceramic dissimilar material was carried. The results showed that the Ti alloy and Al2O3 were joined by melting filler metal when the laser was concentrated in the Ti alloy side of the joint. The joint with one fusion weld and one brazed weld separated by remaining unmelted Ti alloy. Laser beam offset the Ti alloy 1.5 mm, Ti alloy would not be completely melted in joint. Through heat conduction, the filler metal melted occurred at the Ti-ceramic interface. A brazed weld was formed at the Ti-ceramic interface with the main microstructure of β-CuZn + Ti2Zn3, β-CuZn and Al2Cu + β-CuZn. The joint fractured at the brazed weld with the maximum tensile strength of 169 MPa.
An analysis of research biopsy core variability from over 5000 prospectively collected core samples
Authors: Bhamidipati Deepak , Verma Anuj , Sui Dawen , Maru Dipen , Mathew Grace , Lang Wenhua , Posadas Juan , Hein Joshua , Kopetz Scott , Futreal Andrew , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Gupta Sanjay , Lee J. Jack , Overman Michael J. , Tam Alda L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFactors correlated with biopsy tissue adequacy and the prevalence of within-biopsy variability were evaluated. Totally, 1149 research biopsies were performed on 686 patients from which 5090 cores were assessed. Biopsy cores were reviewed for malignant percentage (estimated percentage of cells in the core that were malignant) and malignant area (estimated area occupied by malignant cells). Linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models were used for the analysis. A total of 641 (55.8%) biopsies contained a core with <10% malignant percentage (inadequate core). The chance of an inadequate core was not influenced by core order, though the malignant area decreased with each consecutive core (p < 0.001). Younger age, bone biopsy location, appendiceal tumor pathology, and responding/stable disease prior to biopsy increased the odds of a biopsy containing zero adequate cores. Within-biopsy variability in core adequacy is prevalent and suggests the need for histological tumor quality assessment of each core in order to optimize translational analyses.
Smoking is significantly associated with increased risk of COVID-19 and other respiratory infections
Authors: Rosoff Daniel B. , Yoo Joyce , Lohoff Falk W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObservational studies suggest smoking, cannabis use, alcohol consumption, and substance use disorders (SUDs) may impact risk for respiratory infections, including coronavirus 2019 (COVID-2019). However, causal inference is challenging due to comorbid substance use. Using summary-level European ancestry data (>1.7 million participants), we performed single-variable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate relationships between substance use behaviors, COVID-19 and other respiratory infections. Genetic liability for smoking demonstrated the strongest associations with COVID-19 infection risk, including the risk for very severe respiratory confirmed COVID-19 (odds ratio (OR) = 2.69, 95% CI, 1.42, 5.10, P-value = 0.002), and COVID-19 infections requiring hospitalization (OR = 3.49, 95% CI, 2.23, 5.44, P-value = 3.74 × 10−8); these associations generally remained robust in models accounting for other substance use and cardiometabolic risk factors. Smoking was also strongly associated with increased risk of other respiratory infections, including asthma-related pneumonia/sepsis (OR = 3.64, 95% CI, 2.16, 6.11, P-value = 1.07 × 10−6), chronic lower respiratory diseases (OR = 2.29, 95% CI, 1.80, 2.91, P-value = 1.69 × 10−11), and bacterial pneumonia (OR = 2.14, 95% CI, 1.42, 3.24, P-value = 2.84 × 10−4). We provide strong genetic evidence showing smoking increases the risk for COVID-19 and other respiratory infections even after accounting for other substance use behaviors and cardiometabolic diseases, which suggests that prevention programs aimed at reducing smoking may be important for the COVID-19 pandemic and have substantial public health benefits.
Synthetic zwitterions as efficient non-permeable cryoprotectants
Authors: Kato Yui , Uto Takuya , Tanaka Daisuke , Ishibashi Kojiro , Kobayashi Akiko , Hazawa Masaharu , Wong Richard W. , Ninomiya Kazuaki , Takahashi Kenji , Hirata Eishu , Kuroda Kosuke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCryopreservation of cells is necessary for long periods of storage. However, some cell lines cannot be efficiently cryopreserved, even when optimized commercial cryoprotectants are employed. Previously, we found that a low-toxic synthetic zwitterion aqueous solution enabled good cryopreservation. However, this zwitterion solution could not cryopreserve some cells, such as human kidney BOSC cells, with good efficiency. Therefore, details of the cryoprotective effect of the zwitterions and optimization based on its mechanisms are required. Herein, we synthesized 18 zwitterion species and assessed the effects of the physical properties of water/zwitterion mixtures. Non-cell-permeable zwitterions can inhibit ice crystal formation extracellularly via direct interaction with water and intracellularly via dehydration of cells. However, cells that could not be cryopreserved by zwitterions were insufficiently dehydrated in the zwitterion solution. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was combined as a cell-permeable cryoprotectant to compensate for the shortcomings of non-cell-permeable zwitterions. The water/zwitterion/DMSO (90/10/15, v/w/w) could cryopreserve different cells, for example freezing-vulnerable K562 and OVMANA cells; yielding ~1.8-fold cell viability compared to the case using a commercial cryoprotectant. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the zwitterions protected the cell membrane from the collapse induced by DMSO.
Auditory-Motor Mapping Training Facilitates Speech and Word Learning in Tone Language–Speaking Children With Autism: An Early Efficacy Study
Authors: Yan Jinting , Chen Fei , Gao Xiaotian , Peng Gang 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:It has been reported that tone language–speaking children with autism demonstrate speech-specific lexical tone processing difficulty, although they have intact or even better-than-normal processing of nonspeech/melodic pitch analogues. In this early efficacy study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Auditory-Motor Mapping Training (AMMT) in facilitating speech and word output for Mandarin-speaking nonverbal and low-verbal children with autism, in comparison with a matched non–AMMT-based control treatment.Method:Fifteen Mandarin-speaking nonverbal and low-verbal children with autism spectrum disorder participated and completed all the AMMT-based treatment sessions by intoning (singing) and tapping the target words delivered via an app, whereas another 15 participants received control treatment. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were created to evaluate speech production accuracy and word production intelligibility across different groups and conditions.Results:Results showed that the AMMT-based treatment provided a more effective training approach in accelerating the rate of speech (especially lexical tone) and word learning in the trained items. More importantly, the enhanced training efficacy on lexical tone acquisition remained at 2 weeks after therapy and generalized to untrained tones that were not practiced. Furthermore, the low-verbal participants showed higher improvement compared to the nonverbal participants.Conclusions:These data provide the first empirical evidence for adopting the AMMT-based training to facilitate speech and word learning in Mandarin-speaking nonverbal and low-verbal children with autism. This early efficacy study holds promise for improving lexical tone production in Mandarin-speaking children with autism but should be further replicated in larger scale randomized studies.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16834627
Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Student Experiences of Incivility, Bullying, and Intimidation in the Clinical Practicum Setting: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Mancinelli James M. , Kneavel Meredith 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe and interpret the experiences of graduate students in communication sciences and disorders who experienced forms of incivility in the clinical practicum setting. There is precedent for identifying and handling incivility, such as bullying, harassment, and intimidation, in the nursing education, psychology education, medical education, and physical therapy literature. A literature search for incivilities such as bullying, harassment, and intimidation in graduate student education in communication sciences and disorders did not yield any systematic studies.

Method:
Nineteen participants who were interested in participating contacted the researcher; of those, nine participants were ultimately interviewed. A thematic analysis of videotaped semistructured interviews was used to measure outcomes based on the five questions posed to the participants. The participants responded to the five questions designed to understand the lived experience of incivility for graduate students in speech-language pathology practicum settings.

Conclusions:
This study fills a gap in the clinical education literature in speech-language pathology. It was a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach that described and interpreted speech-language pathology graduate students' experiences of bullying, harassment, and/or intimidation during clinical practicums across practice settings. Data analysis yielded five themes based on the participants' responses during the interview. The themes were communication, physical and/or psychological effects, interpersonal dynamics, clinical instruction, and lingering physical and psychological effects of the experience. The authors make recommendations to reduce the probability that incivility, bullying, and/or intimidation will occur during a student's clinical practicum experience.
A comparative analysis of CGAN‐based oversampling for anomaly detection
Authors: Ahsan Rahbar , Shi Wei , Ma Xiangyu , Lee Croft William 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, the problem of anomaly detection in imbalanced datasets, framed in the context of network intrusion detection is studied. A novel anomaly detection solution that takes both data‐level and algorithm‐level approaches into account to cope with the class‐imbalance problem is proposed. This solution integrates the auto‐learning ability of Reinforcement Learning with the oversampling ability of a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN). To further investigate the potential of a CGAN, in imbalanced classification tasks, the effect of CGAN‐based oversampling on the following classifiers is examined: Naïve Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron, Random Forest and Logistic Regression. Through the experimental results, the authors demonstrate improved performance from the proposed approach, and from CGAN‐based oversampling in general, over other oversampling techniques such as Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique and Adaptive Synthetic.
Large memory window with low operating voltages using Hf1.5Gd2O6 charge trapping layer and thin MoS2 channel
Authors: Zhang Zhaohao , Liu Yaoguang , Wei Qianhui , Zhang Qingzhu , Li Junjie , Wei Feng , Wu Zhenhua , Yin Huaxiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA charge‐trapping memory (CTM) field effect transistor (FET) featured with an Hf1.5Gd2O6 charge trapping layer and thin MoS2 channel are fabricated. Benefit from high defect densities of the Hf1.5Gd2O6 film, large memory windows are achieved under low operating voltages (2.3 V@4 V, 3.1 V@5 V and 3.6 V@6 V), which distinctly outperform previously reported CTMs. In addition, high programming/erase (P/E) speeds, good data retention and endurance characteristics are experimentally demonstrated. The results demonstrate a feasibility of CTM FET with an HfGdO charge trapping layer and thin MoS2 channel for ultra‐low power memory devices application.
Perioperativer Umgang mit der Dauermedikation bei kardialen Vorerkrankungen
Authors: Ninke Tobias , Kilger Erich 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungArterielle Hypertonie, Herzinsuffizienz und koronare Herzerkrankung kann man in Deutschland als Volkskrankheiten betrachten. Somit ist der Anästhesist täglich mit Patienten konfrontiert, die kardial wirksame Medikamente einnehmen. Welche soll man perioperativ weiter verabreichen und welche besser pausieren? Dieser Beitrag stellt hierzu internistische Behandlungskonzepte und den perioperativen Umgang mit kardialen Medikamenten vor.
Der schwierige Atemweg mit Tracheostoma
Authors: Kösler Markus , Kabitz Hans-Joachim , Walterspacher Stephan 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungFalldarstellung einer 51-jährigen Patientin mit beatmungspflichtigem Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Hoffmann-Syndrom (HMSN I) sowie Spondylodese der Halswirbelsäule bei Skoliose mit komplexem Trachealkanülenmanagement. Nach anfänglicher nichtinvasiver Beatmung über 16 Jahre erfolgte bei dauerhafter Abhängigkeit von der nichtinvasiven Beatmung über 24 Stunden und progredienter respiratorischer Insuffizienz die elektive plastische Tracheotomie mit invasiver Beatmung. Aufgrund der zervikalen Spondylodese konnte mit herkömmlichen Trachealkanülen keine zufriedenstellende Versorgung erreicht werden und es erfolgte eine individuelle Anpassung einer Trachealkanüle anhand eines 3D-Druckmodells des trachealen Verlaufs mit nachfolgender hervorragender Beatmungsqualität und Sprechmöglichkeit unter invasiver Beatmung.
Organic Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates: Versatile Intermediates in Agrochemistry
Authors: Lamberth Clemens 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, organic isocyanates and isothiocyanates have been often applied as reactive intermediates in research syntheses or manufacturing routes of many agrochemicals. These heterocumulenes allowed the installation of crucial carboxylic functions, such as carbamates, ureas, and semicarbazones, but have also been used for the construction of five- and six-membered heterocycles, such as tetrazolones, thiazoles, and uracils.1	Introduction2	Preparation of Carboxylic Acid Functions3	Preparation of Heterocyclic Rings4	Conclusion
Iron-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Indole-Tethered Tetrasubstituted Pyrroles and Their Transformations to Indolizino[8,7-b]indole Derivatives
Authors: Cui Hai-Lei , Xiao Xue , Chen Xiao-Hui , Wang Xian-Xun , Li Wan-Zhen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe have developed an efficient iron-catalyzed one-pot reaction of tryptamines, ynones and nitroolefins, affording indole-tethered tetrasubstituted pyrroles in acceptable to good yields. Other aromatic and aliphatic amines can also be utilized in this process, delivering the corresponding highly functionalized tetrasubstituted pyrroles. Indolizino[8,7-b]indole derivatives could be obtained through TFA-, TfOH- or Fe(OTf)3-mediated cyclizations via dearomatization of indole. Unexpected dibrominated products, 7,9-dibromo-6,11-dihydro-5H-indolizino[8,7-b]indoles, were formed when trimethylphenylammonium tribromide (PTAP) was employed as electrophilic cyclization promoter.
Biceps, Brachialis, and Triceps
Authors: Willaume Thibault , Bierry Guillaume 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTendon injuries at the elbow affect mostly the distal biceps and can progressively degenerate over time or rupture in an acute event. The degree of retraction may depend on the integrity of the lacertus fibrosus, a fibrous expansion that merges with the forearm flexor fascia. Biceps disorders are frequently associated with fluid or synovitis of the adjacent bicipital bursa; primary bursal disorders (primary inflammatory synovitis) can also be observed. Distal triceps is less frequently injured than the distal biceps, and tears usually manifest as distal ruptures with avulsion of a small flake of bone from the tip of the olecranon. Brachialis injuries are uncommon and the consequence of sudden muscle stretching during forced elbow hyperextension, as in posterior elbow luxation.
Pediatric Imaging of the Elbow: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Vanmarsnille Tim , Laloo Frederiek , Herregods Nele , Jaremko Jacob L. , Verstraete Koenraad L. , Jans Lennart 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe elbow is a complex joint, subject to a wide range of traumatic, inflammatory, metabolic and neoplastic insults. The pediatric elbow has several diagnostic pitfalls due to the normal developmental changes in children. Knowledge of these normal variants is essential for both diagnosis and management of their elbow injuries. Radiography remains the first imaging modality of choice. Magnetic resonance imaging is excellent in evaluating lesions within the bone and soft tissues. In this pictorial essay, we provide insights into pediatric elbow imaging, show a range of entities specific to the pediatric elbow, and discuss diagnostic pitfalls that result from normal elbow growth in children.