bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urogenital schistosomiasis infection prevalence targets to determine elimination as a public health problem based on microhematuria prevalence in school-age children
Authors: Wiegand Ryan E. , Fleming Fiona M. , Straily Anne , Montgomery Susan P. , de Vlas Sake J. , Utzinger Jürg , Vounatsou Penelope , Secor W. Evan 
Published: June 2021

Background
Recent research suggests that schistosomiasis targets for morbidity control and elimination as a public health problem could benefit from a reanalysis. These analyses would define evidence-based targets that control programs could use to confidently assert that they had controlled or eliminated schistosomiasis as a public health problem. We estimated how low Schistosoma haematobium infection levels diagnosed by urine filtration in school-age children should be decreased so that microhematuria prevalence was at, or below, a “background” level of morbidity.

Methodology
Data obtained from school-age children in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Tanzania, and Zambia who participated in schistosomiasis monitoring and evaluation cohorts were reanalyzed before and after initiation of preventive chemotherapy. Bayesian models estimated the infection level prevalence probabilities associated with microhematuria thresholds ≤10%, 13%, or 15%.

Principal findings
An infection prevalence of 5% could be a sensible target for urogenital schistosomiasis morbidity control in children as microhematuria prevalence was highly likely to be below 10% in all surveys. Targets of 8% and 11% infection prevalence were highly likely to result in microhematuria levels less than 13% and 15%, respectively. By contrast, measuring heavy-intensity infections only achieves these thresholds at impractically low prevalence levels.

Conclusions/significance
A target of 5%, 8%, or 11% urogenital schistosomiasis infection prevalence in school-age children could be used to determine whether a geographic area has controlled or eliminated schistosomiasis as a public health problem depending on the local background threshold of microhematuria.
Real-world safety and effectiveness of rivaroxaban using Japan-specific dosage during long-term follow-up in patients with atrial fibrillation: XAPASS
Authors: Ikeda Takanori , Ogawa Satoshi , Kitazono Takanari , Nakagawara Jyoji , Minematsu Kazuo , Miyamoto Susumu , Murakawa Yuji , Iwashiro Sanghun , Okayama Yutaka , Sunaya Toshiyuki , Hirano Kazufumi , Hayasaki Takanori 
Published: June 2021

Background
The Xarelto Post-Authorization Safety and Effectiveness Study in Japanese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (XAPASS) was designed to investigate safety and effectiveness during long-term follow-up of rivaroxaban treatment, using reduced doses compared with other global regions, in Japanese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in real-world clinical practice.

Methods
In this prospective, open-label, single-arm, observational study, 11,308 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation newly prescribed rivaroxaban (15/10 mg once daily) at 1416 sites across Japan were enrolled and followed for a mean of 2.5 years.

Results
In total, 10,664 and 10,628 patients were included in the safety and effectiveness analyses, respectively. In the safety population, mean (standard deviation) age was 73.1 (9.8) years and Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke/TIA (2 points) (CHADS2) score was 2.2 (1.3). Incidences (95% confidence intervals) of any and major bleeding were 3.77 (3.53–4.01) and 1.16 (1.03–1.29) events per 100 patient-years, respectively. Age ≥75 years, creatinine clearance <50 mL/min, diabetes mellitus, and vascular disease were independently associated with incidence of major bleeding. The primary composite effectiveness outcome of stroke, non-central nervous system systemic embolism, and myocardial infarction occurred at an incidence (95% confidence interval) of 1.32 (1.18–1.46) events per 100 patient-years. Age ≥75 years, hypertension, prior ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack, and concomitant use of antiplatelets were independently associated with incidence of the composite outcome of stroke, non-central nervous system systemic embolism, and myocardial infarction.

Conclusion
In the XAPASS, a large-scale study involving a broad range of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation newly prescribed rivaroxaban using Japan-specific dosage in real-world clinical practice, no unexpected safety or effectiveness concerns were detected during up to 5 years of follow-up.
In-hospital mortality among consecutive patients with ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in modern primary percutaneous intervention era ~ Insights from 15-year data of single-center hospital-based registry ~
Authors: Takagi Kensuke , Tanaka Akihito , Yoshioka Naoki , Morita Yasuhiro , Yoshida Ruka , Kanzaki Yasunori , Watanabe Naoki , Yamauchi Ryota , Komeyama Shotaro , Sugiyama Hiroki , Shimojo Kazuki , Imaoka Takuro , Sakamoto Gaku , Ohi Takuma , Goto Hiroki , Ishii Hideki , Morishima Itsuro , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: June 2021

Objective
To clarify the association of detailed angiographic findings with in-hospital outcome after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Japan.

Background
Data regarding the association of detailed angiographic findings with in-hospital outcome after STEMI are limited in the p-PCI era.

Methods
Between January-2004 and December-2018, 1735 patients with STEMI (mean age, 68.5 years; female, 24.6%) who presented to the hospital in the 24-hours after symptom onset and underwent p-PCI were evaluated using the disease registries. The registry is an ongoing, retrospective, single-center hospital-based registry.

Results
The 30-day mortality rate and in-hospital mortality rate were 7.7% and 9.2%, respectively. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were ejection fraction (EF) < 40% [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), 4.446, p < 0.001], culprit lesions in the left coronary artery (LCA) (aOR, 2.940, p < 0.001) compared with those in the right coronary artery, Killip class > II (aOR, 7.438; p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (aOR, 4.056; p < 0.001), final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grades 0/1/2 (aOR, 1.809; p = 0.03), absence of robust collaterals (aOR, 17.309; p = 0.01) and hypertension (aOR, 0.449; p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Among the consecutive patients with STEMI, the in-hospital mortality rate after p-PCI significantly improved in the second half. Not only CKD, Killip class > II, and EF < 40%, but also the angiographic findings such as culprit lesions in the LCA, absence of very robust collaterals, and final TIMI grades <3 were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality.
COVID-19 treatment combinations and associations with mortality in a large multi-site healthcare system
Authors: Coppock Dagan , Baram Michael , Chang Anna Marie , Henwood Patricia , Kubey Alan , Summer Ross , Zurlo John , Li Michael , Hess Bryan 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, mortality associated with the disease declined in the United States. The standard of care for pharmacological interventions evolved during this period as new and repurposed treatments were used alone and in combination. Though these medications have been studied individually, data are limited regarding the relative impact of different medication combinations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association of COVID-19-related mortality and observed medication combinations and to determine whether changes in medication-related practice patterns and measured patient characteristics, alone, explain the decline in mortality seen early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a multi-hospital healthcare system exploring the association of mortality and combinations of remdesivir, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, tocilizumab, and hydroxychloroquine. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of mortality for both the overall population and the population stratified by intensive care and non-intensive care unit admissions. A separate model was created to control for the change in unmeasured variables over time.

Results
For all patients, four treatment combinations were associated with lower mortality: Anticoagulation Only (OR 0.24, p < 0.0001), Anticoagulation and Remdesivir (OR 0.25, p = 0.0031), Anticoagulation and Corticosteroids (OR 0.53, p = 0.0263), and Anticoagulation, Corticosteroids and Remdesivir (OR 0.42, p = 0.026). For non-intensive care unit patients, the same combinations were significantly associated with lower mortality. For patients admitted to the intensive care unit, Anticoagulation Only was the sole treatment category associated with decreased mortality. When adjusted for demographics, clinical characteristics, and all treatment combinations there was an absolute decrease in the mortality rate by 2.5% between early and late periods of the study. However, when including an additional control for changes in unmeasured variables overtime, the absolute mortality rate decreased by 5.4%.

Conclusions
This study found that anticoagulation was the most significant treatment for the reduction of COVID-related mortality. Anticoagulation Only was the sole treatment category associated with a significant decrease in mortality for both intensive care and non-intensive care patients. Treatment combinations that additionally included corticosteroids and/or remdesivir were also associated with decreased mortality, though only in the non-intensive care stratum. Further, we found that factors other than measured changes in demographics, clinical characteristics or pharmacological interventions accounted for an additional decrease in the COVID-19-related mortality rate over time.
Disruption of the pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins expression, associated with changes of the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ivashkin V. , Poluektov Y. , Kogan E. , Shifrin O. , Sheptulin A. , Kovaleva A. , Kurbatova A. , Krasnov G. , Poluektova E. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a pathologic condition characterized by changes in gut microbiome composition, low-grade inflammation, and disruption of intestinal wall permeability. The interaction between the gut microbiome and the disease manifestation remains unclear. The changing of tight junction proteins and cytokines expression throughout the gastrointestinal tract in IBS patients has not been studied yet.

Aim of the study
To assess the changes of gut microbiome composition, tight junction proteins, and cytokines expression of intestinal mucosa from the duodenum to the distal part of the colon in IBS patients and healthy volunteers.

Methods
In 31 IBS patients (16 patients with IBS-D; 15 patients with IBS-C) and 10 healthy volunteers the expression of CLD-2, CLD-3, CLD-5, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α in mucosal biopsy specimens was determined by morphological and immune-histochemical methods. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiota was assessed based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing in both groups of patients.

Results
The expression of IL-2 and TNF-α was significantly increased in IBS patients compared with the controls (p<0.001), with a gradual increase from the duodenum to the sigmoid colon. The expression of IL-10, CLD-3, and CLD-5 in mucosal biopsy specimens of these patients was lower than in the control group (p<0.001). Increased ratios of Bacteroidetes and decreased ratios of Firmicutes were noted in IBS patients compared to healthy volunteers (p<0.05).

Conclusion
IBS patients have impaired gut permeability and persisting low-grade inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in the gut microbiota may support or exacerbate these changes.
Physiotherapists’ perspectives on barriers to implementation of direct access of physiotherapy services in the United Arab Emirates: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alnaqbi Arwa , Shousha Tamer , AlKetbi Hamda , Hegazy Fatma A. 
Published: June 2021

Background
There are two primary ways of accessing physiotherapy for service users around the world. The direct access, as opposed to the indirect access which requires a referral from a general physician, has several merits including better quality, timeliness, cost effectiveness of treatment and better probability of preventing acute conditions from turning into chronic ailments. Despite these benefits, several countries including the UAE, do not allow direct access to physiotherapists. This study aims to understand the level of awareness among practicing physiotherapists in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) about direct access and to determine whether any of their demographic variables influence the way they perceive the concept. Further, the study sought to explore the perceived barriers and benefits of direct access according to the participating physiotherapists.

Subjects and methods
An observational cross-sectional study was employed. The questionnaire survey developed by Bury and Stokes in 2013 was adapted and employed in this study. The instrument had six sections with close-ended items using a Likert five-point scale to rate them. Two hundred and sixty-four physiotherapists answered the questionnaire shared with them through a web link. Finally, MANOVA was employed to explore any influence of demographic variables on the opinions of the respondents.

Results
The findings showed that 70% of participants were aware about direct access while nearly 30% were completely unaware. Younger physiotherapists were more willing to endorse the practice whereas older ones were more apprehensive of the barriers. The main barriers reported were the limited support from the physicians and policy makers, professional autonomy, and the limited scope of practice for the physiotherapists, as well as evidence-based practice. The impact of demographic variables on direct access indicated that physiotherapists under the age of 23 endorsed direct access more strongly than other age groups.

Conclusion
More efforts are needed to implement direct access in the UAE, considering the benefits of improved professional status, cost savings, patient satisfaction, and higher efficiency. This study recommends leadership support, professional autonomy, and mentorship as possible ways to achieve this goal.
Immunohistochemical analysis of CD155 expression in triple-negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Yoshikawa Katsuhiro , Ishida Mitsuaki , Yanai Hirotsugu , Tsuta Koji , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Sugie Tomoharu 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionCD155 is an immune checkpoint protein. Its overexpression is an indicator of poor prognosis in some types of cancer. However, the significance of CD155 expression in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, and the relationship between CD155 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, have not yet been analyzed in detail.MethodsUsing immunohistochemical staining and tissue microarrays, we analyzed the expression profiles of CD155 and PD-L1 in 61 patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Relapse-free survival and overall survival rates were compared according to CD155 expression. The correlation between CD155 expression and clinicopathological factors, including PD-L1 expression (using SP142 and 73–10 assays), was also examined.ResultsCD155 expression was noted in 25 patients (41.0%) in this cohort. CD155 expression did not correlate with pathological stage, histological grade, Ki-67 labeling index, or stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Only PD-L1 expression in tumor cells by SP142 assay significantly correlated with CD155 expression (p = 0.035); however, PD-L1 expression in tumor cells by 73–10 assay did not show a correlation (p = 0.115). Using the 73–10 assay, 59% of patients showed CD155 and/or PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. Moreover, using the SP142 assay, 63.3% of patients showed CD155 and/or PD-L1 expression in immune cells. CD155 expression did not correlate with either relapse-free survival or overall survival (p = 0.485 and 0.843, respectively).ConclusionsCD155 may be a novel target for antitumor immunotherapy. The results of this study indicate that CD155 may expand the pool of candidates with triple-negative breast cancer who could benefit from antitumor immunotherapy.
Carnival to Catwalk: Global Reflections on Fancy Dress Costume, Benjamin Linley Wild (2020)
Authors: Delgado Henry Navarro 
Published: June 2021

Review of: Carnival to Catwalk: Global Reflections on Fancy Dress Costume, Benjamin Linley Wild (2020)
London and New York: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 206 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35001-499-2, h/bk, £67.50
ISBN 978-1-35002-469-4, p/bk, £21.59
ISBN 978-1-35001-500-5, eBook, £17.27
Effects of corona virus outbreak on micro and small scale enterprise operation in southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Zelalem Bayelign Abebe , Abebe Ayalew Ali 
Published: June 2021

Goal: This examination is expected to survey the effect of COVID-19 for micro and small scale enterprise activity in southwest Ethiopia.
Design/methodology/approach: The current study used the graphic exploration plan which includes 346 micro and small-scale enterprises. Enterprise proprietors, government authorities, and specialists were invited to answer self-administered questionnaires and information was also acquired from archive audit of different reports and exploration results zeroing.
Result: The analysis reveals that the outbreak of the pandemic had a negative impact on production, employment, profit, seals level, operation costs and cost of raw material by 59%, 35%, 78%, 72%, 49%, 10%, 10%, 31% and 59% respectively. The virus also has a 10% 9% and 8% impact on local government tax revenue collected from the urban, services, and construction sectors, respectively. The virus has no impact on the manufacturing industry but has a positive effect on the trading sector; finally, the outbreak had a significant impact on the enterprises supply chain with a rate of 48%.
Limitations of the investigation: The examination have the accompanying constraints first; the consequences of this investigation are not summed up to different segments other than Micro and small scale enterprise. Second the investigation utilized qualitative data that can’t fill the advantage of quantitative data. Thus, there must be further examination on the effect of COVID 19 in various benefit arranged and non- benefit arranged associations and even in the micro and small scale enterprise by joining other comports of operation that have not been contacted in the investigation.
Practical implication: The result of this study has some important implications for micro and small scale enterprise owners and the government. In this way, the examination gives insight to micro and small scale enterprise to take activities like moving their activity to related business and creation of right now requested defensive materials. Moreover, the investigation gives insight to the government and different partners on how COVID 19 affects both the micro and small scale enterprise as well the public tax.
Originality/ value: This study is the first of its kind up to authors’ knowledge, and the data was collected from the most authentic sources.
A Bit of Assyrian Imperial Culture
Authors: Radner Karen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A key find from the 2018 excavations at the settlement mound of Gird-e Rūstam (Gird-i Rostam) in the easternmost part of the Kurdish Autonomous Region of Iraq, directly on the border with Iran, is an inscribed pottery sherd that can be assigned to the Neo-Assyrian period, more specifically the late 8th or 7th century BC. Albeit small, the sherd certainly belongs to a “carinated bowl”, which is a typical wine-drinking vessel of that time, and preserves a few signs of a cuneiform inscription in Akkadian language and Neo-Assyrian script. It is suggested that the reconstructed text contains mention of the local toponym Birtu-ša-Adad-remanni “Fortress of Adad-remanni”. This place is located in the border region between the Assyrian Empire and the kingdom of Mannea, which raises the possibility that Gird-e Rūstam could be identified with Birtu-ša-Adad-remanni.
Everything Must Go
Authors: Zaia Shana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a study of YOS 17, 360, a collection of 30–33 administrative records from the Eanna temple in Uruk that are dated to Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur (Nebuchadnezzar) II’s 14thyear. The first few columns contain transactions concerning gold, while the rest are largely related to prebendary payments. In addition to providing an edition of YOS 17, 360 and related texts, this study seeks to understand why these particular transactions were collected and what insight it gives us into the historical circumstances. The evidence suggests that Eanna experienced a financial crisis at this time, during which it sold off its assets and had difficulties paying its priests. The cause of the crisis seems to have been royal demands put on the temple to provide money and manpower in support of the king’s building and/or military endeavors, possibly including Babylonian movements into the Levant and resulting clashes with Egypt.
A multi-laboratory assessment of congenital thrombophilia assays performed on the ACL TOP 50 family for harmonisation of thrombophilia testing in a large laboratory network
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Mohammed Soma , Vong Ronny , Chapman Kent , Swanepoel Priscilla , Kershaw Geoff , Cai Nancy , Just Sarah , Connelly Lynne , Brighton Timothy , Pasalic Leonardo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Thrombophilia testing is commonly performed within hemostasis laboratories, and the ACL TOP 50 family of instruments represent a new ‘single platform’ of hemostasis instrumentation. The study objective was to evaluate these instruments and manufacturer reagents for utility of congenital thrombophilia assays.

Methods
Comparative evaluations of various congenital thrombophilia assays (protein C [PC], protein S [PS], antithrombin [AT], activated protein C resistance [APCR]) using newly installed ACL TOPs 550 and 750 as well as comparative assessments with existing, predominantly STAGO, instrumentation and reagents. Verification of manufacturer assay normal reference ranges (NRRs).

Results
HemosIL PC and free PS assays showed good comparability with existing Stago methods (R>0.9) and could be considered as verified as fit for purpose. HemosIL AT showed high relative bias with samples from patients on direct anti-Xa agents, compromising utility. Manufacturer NRRs for PC, PS and AT were verified with minor variance. Given the interference with direct anti-Xa agents, an alternate assay (Hyphen) was evaluated for AT, and the NRR also verified. The HemosIL Factor V Leiden (APC Resistance V) evidenced relatively poor performance compared to existing assays, and could not be adopted for use in our network.

Conclusions
This evaluation of HemosIL reagents on ACL TOP 50 family instruments identified overall acceptable performance of only two (PC, free PS) of four thrombophilia assays, requiring use of third-party reagents on ACL instruments for the other two assays (AT, APCR).