bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of a Solar Dryer Integrated With Thermal Energy Storage Using PCM- Al2O3 Nanofluids
Authors: Subrananiam Babu Sasi Kumar , Sugumaran Arun Kumar , Athikesavan Muthu Manokar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of solar energy will help to reduce the cost of fossil fuels .The present work is based on the study of a solar dryer with thermal storage using the working medium of water and waste engine oil at a flow rate of 0.035, 0.045 and 0.065 lit / sec. Heat was collected from a parabolic trough collector (PTC) and stored into thermal energy storage (TES) device. The TES consisted of rectangular boxes for stored heat containing Stearic acid phase change materials (PCM) with 0.3vol% of Al2O3 nanofluids. The parabolic trough reflected solar radiation focused on the receiver and the collected heat was stored in the storage medium after it was forced into circulation and transferred to the solar dryer. The dryer used the energy output in the storage tank at varying water and waste oil medium flow rates and discussed heat output of the drying crops of groundnut, ginger and turmeric were showed the flow rate of 0.035, 0.045 and 0.065 lit/ sec with water and waste engine oil medium. Finally, based on the findings of the tests, this research may be useful in agriculture, especially in the drying of vegetables.
Neural Stem Cells Derived From Primitive Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reversed Disease Symptoms and Promoted Neurogenesis in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Brown Christina , McKee Christina , Halassy Sophia , Kojan Suleiman , Feinstein Doug L. , Chaudhry G. Rasul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS affects millions of people and causes a great economic and societal burden. There is no cure for MS. We used a novel approach to investigate the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from highly proliferative human primitive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS.MethodsMSCs were differentiated into NSCs, labeled with PKH26 and injected into the tail vein of EAE mice. The effect of transplanted cells on the disease process was assessed by neurobehavioral changes in the mice. Two weeks following cell transplantation, the animals were sacrificed to collect blood, lymphatic, and CNS tissues for analysis. Transplanted cells were tracked in various tissues by flow cytometry. Immune infiltrates were determined and characterized by H&E and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Levels of immune regulatory cells, Treg and Th17 were analyzed by flow cytometry. Myelination was determined by Luxol fast blue staining and immunostaining. In vivo fate of transplanted cells and expression of inflammation, astrogliosis, myelination, neural, neuroprotection, and neurogenesis markers were investigated by using immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analysis. ResultsMSC derived NSCs expressed specific neural markers, NESTIN, TUJ1, VIMENTIN and PAX6. NSCs improved EAE symptoms more than MSCs when transplanted in EAE mice. Post-transplantation analyses also showed homing of MSCs and NSCs into the CNS with concomitant induction of anti-inflammatory response resulting in reduction of immune infiltrates. NSCs also modulated Treg and Th17 cell levels in EAE mice comparable to healthy controls. Luxol fast blue staining showed significant improvement in myelination in treated mice. Further analysis showed that NSCs upregulated genes involved in myelination and neuroprotection but downregulated inflammatory and astrogliosis genes more significantly than MSCs. Importantly, NSCs differentiated into neural derivatives in the CNS and promoted neurogenesis possibly by modulating BDNF and FGF signaling pathways. ConclusionsNSC transplantation reversed the disease process by inducing an anti-inflammatory response and promoting myelination, neuroprotection, and neurogenesis in EAE disease animals. These promising results provide basis for clinical studies to treat MS using NSCs derived from primitive MSCs.
A new III-V Nanowire-Quantum Dot Single Photon Source with Improved Purcell Factor for Quantum Communication
Authors: nejad shahramm mohammad , Mahmoudi Amine , Arab Hossein 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method has been utilized to simulate the propagation emission from PbS quantum dots in a hexagonal InP nanowire as a single photon source. The effect of height and radius of the nanowire as well as the location and orientation of the dipole source in the Purcell factor and Quality factor of the nanowire have been investigated. A broadband electric dipole source has been used to model the quantum dot and the effect of shape and radius of PbS quantum dot have been investigated in the final results. The conclusive structure has been optimized to a nanowire with hexagonal cross section with radius of 220nm and height of 10um. The emission peak obtained above 1um with Purcell factor of 4.72 which is in good agreement with cases have been used as single photon source in quantum communication.
Urinary Tetrahydrocortisol/Tetrahydrocortisone Ratio at Early Postnatal Period Predict Steroid Dependency and Neonatal Condition in Preterm Infant
Authors: Nagaya Ken , Okamoto Toshio , Nohara Fumikatsu , Nii Mitsumaro , Aoyama Aiko , Sugiyama Tatsutoshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Insufficient adrenal function in preterm infants affects poor neonatal outcome, owing to the immaturity of their adrenal enzyme. While 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) type 1 and type2 act as gatekeepers for cell steroid action. This study aimed to investigate the effects of early postnatal urinary tetrahydrocortisol/tetrahydrocortisone (F/E) ratio, used as an alternative indicator of 11βHSDs activity, in preterm infants on their subsequent clinical course. In 80 preterm infants of ≤ 34 weeks gestational age admitted to our hospital, urinary F/E ratio was measured within 24 hours of birth. Furthermore, the relationship between this ratio and neonatal outcomes was estimated. Univariate analysis revealed that the high F/E ratio group had significantly higher morbidity in terms of duration of ventilatory support for more than 14 days, hypotension requiring inotropes and hydrocortisone, and symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. On multivariate analysis, the incidence of hypotension requiring hydrocortisone was higher in the high F/E group, despite the absence of elevated dehydroepiandrosterone, a precursor of cortisol.Conclusion: The urinary F/E ratio in the early postnatal period in preterm infants may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of infant condition after birth by estimating the amount of local steroid action in the organs.
Comparative Expression of P53 and Survivin Proteins in Phenylhydrazine-Induced Colon Cancer of Rats and the Role of Electromagnetic Field and Broccoli Extract
Authors: Awaad Aziz , Adly Mohamed A. , ellatef Medhat A. Abd , Foad Moshira M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Innovative Method of Alopecia Treatment by Using Adipose-derived Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) Cells
Authors: kim sun jong , Kim MyungJin , Lee YoungJun , Lee Joochan , Kim Ji Hyang , Kim Do Ha , Do Young Hoo , Choi Jun Woo , Chung Sung Ill , Do Byung- rok 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by progressive reduction of hair density on the scalp through gradual conversion of terminal hairs into vellus hairs. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells harvested from fat cells are one of the latest breakthroughs in the aesthetic field. This study aimed to present clinical cases for the treatment of alopecia areata by transplantation of SVF into the scalp.Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the use of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in androgenetic alopecia patients.Methods9 patients (age range 43-64 years; 4 men, grade IV to V and 5 women, grade I to III), who are suffering from AGA, have been treated with a single injection of autologous SVF in the upper scalp. Autologous SVF was generated and characterized before the injection of 7-8 × 106 cells into the scalp of the patient. Hair regeneration was assessed by three clinical tests: hair skin quality, hair thickness, and hair density at 3 and 6 months post-injection and compared to pre-injection results.ResultsHair density was significantly increased after 3 and 6 months post injection (P = 0.01 and P=0.009). The increase in thickness was notably seen at 6 months post injection (P = 0.02). Furthermore, a significant improvement in the score of keratin of scalp was seen in the treated side as compared to the nontreated side (p=0.032). No side effects were noted after treatment.ConclusionsA single treatment of SVF injected into the scalp of patients with AGA significantly increased hair density within 3 to 6 months. The obtained results prove the efficacy and the safety of the treatment, and satisfaction of the patients confirm the quality of the results.
Neuroinflammation creates an immune regulatory niche at the meningeal lymphatic vasculature near the cribriform plate.
Authors: Fabry Zsuzsanna , Hsu Martin , Laaker Collin , Madrid Andy , Herbath Melinda , Choi Yun Hwa , Sandor Matyas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels residing in the dural layer above the sinuses of the brain, meninges at the base of the brain, and near the cribriform plate have all been shown to drain fluid, cells, and antigens. We have previously reported that meningeal lymphatics near the cribriform plate undergo VEGFR3-dependent lymphangiogenesis during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to facilitate excess drainage. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we report that neuroinflammation changes the phenotype and function of cribriform plate lymphatic endothelial cells (cpLECs). Upregulation of genes involved in antigen presentation, adhesion to leukocytes, and immunoregulatory molecules were verified by flow cytometry and functional assays. The inflamed cpLECs retain dendritic cells and to lesser extent CD4 T cells, creating an immune-regulatory niche that represents a previously underappreciated interface in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Additionally, the discontinuity of the arachnoid membrane near cpLECs provides unrestricted access to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for immune surveillance. These findings may lead to new therapeutic approaches to neuroinflammatory diseases.
Clinical Outcomes of Endoscopic Submucosal Tunnel Dissection Vs Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Gastric Lesions: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Jianglei , Xu Mengmeng , Tan Yuyong , Wang Yongjun , Liu Deliang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives: Many studies have verified that endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has prominent advantages in en bloc resection and low recurrence rate. However, ESD also has technical difficulty for some large-area gastric lesions. Endoscopic submucosal tunneling dissection (ESTD) combined the tunnel technique with the traditional ESD technique for treating gastrointestinal mucosal lesions under tunnel endoscopy. This technique has been gradually applied to the treatment of large-scale early cancer and precancerous lesions, and has achieved good results. Yet no meta-analysis has been published, so we performed this study to determine the efficacy and safety of ESTD vs ESD in gastric lesions through clinical outcomes.Methods: We performed the literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and CNKI dating up to February 9, 2021. Studies comparing the clinical outcomes of ESTD and ESD in gastric lesions were enrolled. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the quality of these studies. Results: Four articles were included that involved a total of 920 patients (187 from the ESTD group and 733 from ESD group). ESTD has higher en bloc resection and R0 resection rate, faster dissection speed, and lower complication rate. The curative resection rate and recurrence rate of ESTD group is comparable with ESD group.Conclusions: ESTD technique is an effective and safe treatment procedure in gastric lesions, and may be prior to ESD for large gastric lesions.
MicroRNA-744-5p Suppresses Tumorigenesis and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma Through the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway by Targeting TGFB1
Authors: Liang Haofeng , Li Lin , Tan Jianye , Yang Bingsheng , Zhu Shuang , Wang Xiaoping , Wu Guofeng , Xie Chao , Li Lutao , Liu Zhengwei , Li Yucong , Song Haoqiang , Chen Guoli , Lin Lijun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, and accumulating evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) exert a crucial part in the progression of OS. Methods: GSE65071 from the GEO database was analyzed and miR-744-5p was found to be the lowest expressed miRNA. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting (WB), colony formation assay, 5-Ethynyl-2-Deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay and Transwell migration and invasion assay were performed to examine the effects of miR-744-5p in vitro, Luciferase-reporter assay was performed to detect the interactions between miR-744-5p and its specific target gene. Subcutaneous tumor-forming animal models and tail vein injection lung metastatic models were conducted in animal experiments to detect the effects of miR-744-5p in vivo. Results: miR-744-5p expression was down-regulated in OS cells and tissues. Higher expression of miR-744-5p was related with better clinical prognosis and lower malignancy degree of OS, including cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and vivo. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) was negatively regulated by miR-744-5p and could reverse the effects of miR-744-5p on OS proliferation, migration and invasion. The MAPK/ERK signaling pathway was involved in the miR-744-5p/TGFB1 axis. Conclusions: In general, this study suggests that miR-744-5p is a negative regulator of TGFB1, and suppresses OS progression and metastasis via MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.
The Association Between RNF213 , MMP3 , and Moyamoya Disease: Screening the Full Exons of Susceptibility Genes in Families with Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Xiao Yilei , Yu Donghu , Liu Weidong , Hao Jiheng , Pang Yuejiu , Jiang Qunlong , Zhang Min , Wang Xingbang , Li Xueyuan , Guo Zixin , Liu Xiaoping , Yao Jie , Zhang Liyong , Dong Zhaogang , Wang Jiyue 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the RNF213 and MMP3 genes and Moyamoya disease (MMD) and to screen susceptibility genes for families with MMD.Methods: The mutation of RNF213 gene (rs112735431,rs148731719) and MMP3 gene rs3025058 were detected by first generation sequencing and CRISPR-Cas12a. The genetic susceptibility genes of MMD families samples were studied by whole exome sequencing (WES). Results: The application of CRISPR-Cas12a and Sanger sequencing identified rs112735431 and rs148731719 mutations in the RNF213 gene, and an insertion mutation in the MMP3 gene (rs3025058) with significant regional differences (P<0.05). Additionally, we identified 100% agreement between CRISPR-Cas12a and Sanger sequencing with regards to the detection of these mutations in samples, thus indicating that CRISPR-Cas12a can be used for the detection of MMD mutations. Next, we carried out whole exon screening for family members with MMD and identified multiple recessive genes associated with genetic disease. Notably, the Titin (TTN) gene (rs771533925, rs559712998 and rs72677250) was significantly associated with point mutations. Screening of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (EXAC) database identified significant differences between these populations with respect to frequency. PROVEAN，nvariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and PolyPhen algorithms further demonstrated that rs771533925 and rs72677250 were potentially damaging in three databases, rs559712998 was considered to be tolerated in above mentioned databases. Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and PolyPhen algorithms further demonstrated that rs771533925 and rs72677250 were potentially damaging by all three databases and that rs559712998 was considered to be tolerated in above mentioned databases. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that the target of TTN is involved in many important biological processes. The screening of 50 sporadic MMD samples failed to identify any mutations, thus indicating that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation sites (rs771533925, rs559712998, and rs72677250) within the TTN gene may play an important role in the inheritance of MMD. Conclusions: In summary, our study investigated susceptibility genes for MMD from multiple perspectives and found that CRISPR-Cas12a technology can efficiently detect MMD mutation sites. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for future investigations of the molecular mechanisms that underlie MMD.
Foodscapes, Finance and Faith: A Qualitative Investigation of Multi-Sectoral Stakeholder Perspectives on a New Mall and Supermarket in Kenya
Authors: Wadende Pamela , Francis Oliver , Musuva Rosemary , Mogo Ebele , Turner-Moss Eleanor , Were Vincent , Obonyo Charles , Foley Louise 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThe nutritional transition is fuelling a concerning rise in Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). These countries lack strong health infrastructure capable of supporting the long-term and expensive medical treatment for those living with NCDs. It is important to identify stakeholders involved in influencing food retail and dietary choices as part of a population-level strategy to reduce the burden of NCDs in LMICs. The aim of this study is to explore stakeholder perspectives on the impacts of new and existing food retail on local diets in Kenya.MethodsRegulatory and local community stakeholders from Kisumu and Homabay Counties of Western Kenya in this study responded to a semi-structured, open-ended interview schedule. We sought their perspectives on the impact of a proposed new mall and supermarket in Kisumu and existing supermarkets in Homabay on local dietary practices. Digital voice recorders captured the responses, which were transcribed verbatim then translated from Kiswahili or Dholuo languages into English. NVivo12 PRO software was used to analyse the coded responses using a thematic discourse analysis approach. FindingsBoth regulatory and local community stakeholders were similarly concerned that supermarkets make unhealthy food items (including fast food) more accessible and therefore easily incorporated into local diets, with the result that more people develop diet-related NCDs. At the same time, both groups of stakeholders indicated the usefulness of supermarkets as a reliable food source, albeit requiring that the shopper discern healthy from unhealthy food items. Overall, they were unsure whether such aspects as the pricing and convenience of supermarkets would be sufficient to cause the local population to stop patronising their usual small-scale food vendors, and had similarly mixed views on wider impacts on the local economy and livelihoods.ConclusionThe prominent themes identified in our analysis were fear of fast food and health implications, supermarkets as reliable (but selective) food outlets, and uncertainty and differences of opinion about the potential mixed impacts of supermarkets on local communities. We found evidence of a multi-sectoral approach with a widely held interest in potential impacts on health.
Diagnostic Performance of Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, Colonoscopy, and Small Bowel Endoscopy in Thai Adults with Chronic Diarrhea
Authors: Limsrivilai Julajak , Sakjirapapong Choompunuj , Pongpaibul Ananya , Apisarnthanarak Piyaporn , Phaophu Phutthaphorn , Subdee Nichcha , Charatcharoenwitthaya Phunchai , Pausawasdi Nonthalee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal endoscopy is recommended to investigate chronic diarrhea in Western countries, but its benefits have infrequently been investigated in Southeast Asia. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), colonoscopy, and small bowel endoscopy in Thai chronic diarrhea. Methods: Medical records of consecutive patients who underwent EGD and/or colonoscopy to investigate chronic diarrhea at our center from 2008 to 2012 were reviewed. We also evaluated consecutive patients with negative EGD and colonoscopy who underwent subsequent small bowel endoscopy, including push enteroscopy, balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE), and video capsule endoscopy (VCE), from 2008 to 2018. The diagnostic yield of each endoscopic modality was analyzed. Results: A total of 272 patients underwent EGD and/or colonoscopy. Mean hemoglobin and albumin levels were 11.6 g/dL and 3.8 g/dL, respectively. EGD and colonoscopy were performed in 135 and 269 patients, respectively, and the diagnostic yield was 5.9% for EGD and 42.7% for colonoscopy. No patient with normal colonoscopy had positive EGD findings. Thirty-nine patients with normal EGD and colonoscopy underwent small bowel endoscopy. Mean hemoglobin and albumin levels were 10.9 and 2.7 g/dL, respectively. Push enteroscopy, BAE, and VCE were performed in 22, 20, and 11 patients with a diagnostic yield of 22.7%, 60.0%, and 45.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Colonoscopy was shown to be an essential investigation in chronic diarrhea. In contrast to western, EGD did not add benefit to colonoscopy. Enteroscopy played an important role in the diagnosis of chronic diarrhea when colonoscopy was negative.
Characteristics of Collapse Accumulation Body in Roadway and Numerical Simulation of Rescue Channel Excavation
Authors: Chen Guangbo , Teng Pengcheng , Duan Huiqiang , Zhang Guohua , Li Tan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
After the coal mine disaster, the collapsed accumulation body blocked the roadway and interrupted the rescue route, which seriously affected the development of rescue. Based on the post-disaster blockage rescue route of the collapsed accumulation body, the morphology and structural characteristics of the accumulation body were analyzed, and the process of excavating the rescue channel in the collapsed accumulation body in the mining roadway was simulated using CDEM software, and the moving mode of accumulation body fragments was discussed. The study found that: the formation of the accumulation body is the process of continuous “self-organization” adjustment of the rock fragments; the accumulation body along the direction of the roadway axis is divided into three areas: pre-sorting accumulation area, post-sorting accumulation area, and non-sorting accumulation area; the particle size of the accumulation body-particle content conforms to the normal distribution; the harder the rock fragments constituting the accumulation body is, the particle size of the fragments is more different; the number of contact points of the fragments of the tightly accumulation body is more than that of the loose accumulation body; the excavation of the rescue channel is accompanied by the random “self-organization” movement of the accumulated body; the settlement and deformation of the accumulated body is actually the continuous collapse of the old arch structure, and the process of continuous formation of a new arch structure; the initial force of the rescue channel excavation is small, then it increases sharply, and finally stabilizes; the fragment adjustment forms are mainly divided into horizontal movement adjustment, vertical movement adjustment, rotation movement adjustment, and multi-directional movement adjustment. The research conclusion has certain guiding significance for the rescue channel excavation under the condition that the collapsed accumulation body blocks the roadway after the coal mine disaster.