bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo‐responsive mixed‐matrix hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Götz Tobias , Landzettel Jan , Schiestel Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUp to date, preparation of thermo‐responsive mixed‐matrix membranes (MMM) has only be described as small scale flat membranes or multi‐step processes for hollow fiber membranes. In this work, the development of thermo‐responsive MMM hollow fibers composed of polyethersulfone as membrane polymer and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles via the wet spinning process is presented. PNIPAM particles are synthesized with (NP‐S, zavg 20°C = 105 nm) and without (NP‐L, zavg 20°C = 250 nm) sodium dodecyl sulfate and their thermo‐responsive behavior is characterized by dynamic light scattering. Particle size (NP‐S, NP‐L), particle content (10%, 15%) and the extrusion pressure in the wet spinning process (1.0–3.0 bar) are investigated as experimental parameters. Reversible thermo‐responsive behavior of the hollow fibers is demonstrated by water permeability measurements at different temperatures (20 and 50°C). The largest switching factors (R) are observed for the hollow fibers containing NP‐L. For 15% NP‐L and 1 bar extrusion pressure, water permeances between 0.5 and 6.0 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 are observed, corresponding to R = 12 and a dextran (500 kDa) rejection of 91% at 25°C.
Synergetic effect of fly ash cenospheres and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy resin coatings
Authors: Chen Ping , Wang Yuan , Li Jianchao , Chu Weicheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe multiform wear of friction pair components is the main cause of marine equipment failure and epoxy resin (EP) coatings have been widely used in this field. Fly ash cenospheres (FACs) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used to reinforce the tribological properties of EP coatings. The synergetic effects of FACs and MWCNTs on the mechanical and tribological properties of EP coatings were studied. Experimental results show that the tensile and flexural properties of FACs‐MWCNTs/EP composites are significantly reinforced. The tribological performance of EP composite coatings under seawater conditions is improved by the synergetic effect of FACs and MWCNTs, especially, the 10 wt.% FACs‐1 wt.% MWCNTs/EP coatings behave the most excellent tribological properties. It indicates that FACs can increase the hardness of EP coatings and provide a smoother surface for the water film formation, which decreases the friction coefficient and wear volume. MWCNTs can increase the elasticity modulus of EP, and act as a rope to prevent EP matrix and FACs from being desquamated.
Chemical synthesis of NiFe2O4/NG/cellulose nanocomposite and its antibacterial potential against bacterial pathogens
Authors: Anbu Periasamy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, a nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4)/nitrogen‐doped‐graphene (NG)/cellulose composite (NiFe2O4/NG/cellulose) was successfully synthesized through a facile chemical route, and its antibacterial potential was evaluated. The synthesized NiFe2O4/NG/cellulose composite was characterized by performing morphological and structural analyses. The results showed the successful formation of NiFe2O4‐nanoparticles with a spherical shape and a size ranging from 15 to 200 nm. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray results confirmed the presence of various elements (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, iron, and nickel) in the reaction mixture. The X‐ray diffraction pattern showed the face‐centered‐cubic nature of the particles. In addition, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (Gram‐negative bacteria) and Bacillus subtilis (Gram‐positive bacteria) was evaluated with different concentrations of NiFe2O4/NG/cellulose composite (0–50 μg/mL). Inhibitory activity increased with increasing concentrations of NiFe2O4/NG/cellulose. The composite's inhibitory activity was slightly higher in E. coli than in B. subtilis due to the differing nature of their cell wall structures. Overall, the chemically synthesized NiFe2O4/NG/cellulose composite has the potential as an efficient antibacterial agent for controlling the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
Novel green synthesis and characterization of a chemotherapeutic supplement by silver nanoparticles containing Berberis thunbergii leaf for the treatment of human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Guo Juan , Li Yihui , Yu Zhi , Chen Lei , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Almoallim Hesham S. , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Liu Linxun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, silver nanoparticles have been used as modern chemotherapeutic drugs to treat several cancers such as pancreatic, breast, prostate, and blood cancers. No previous reports demonstrated the in vitro anti‐human pancreatic cancer effects of the novel chemotherapeutic drug formulated by silver nanoparticles containing Berberis thunbergii leaf (AgNPs). The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using different techniques including UV–vis. and FT‐IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and TEM. All techniques approved the synthesized silver nanoparticles. The SEM and TEM exhibited a uniform spherical morphology and an average size of about 15 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles, respectively. The 4‐(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde,2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐ pikrilhydrazil (DPPH) test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for B. thunbergii leaf aqueous extract, AgNPs, and butylated hydroxytoluene. AgNPs inhibited half of the DPPH molecules in the concentration of 108 μg/mL. To survey the anti‐human pancreatic cancer activities of AgNO3, B. thunbergii leaf aqueous extract, and AgNPs, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used on common human pancreatic cancer cell lines. AgNPs had very low cell viability and anti‐human pancreatic cancer effects dose‐dependently against PANC‐1, AsPC‐1, and MIA PaCa‐2. The IC50 values of the AgNPs were 259, 268, and 141 μg/mL against PANC‐1, AsPC‐1, and MIA PaCa‐2 cell lines, respectively. It is thought that the AgNPs obtained can be used as an anticancer drug for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in humans after acceptance of the above findings in clinical study trials.
Insights into the effect of hydrolysis medium on the holocellulose decomposition, furfural, and pseudo‐lignin formation
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Xinping , Chen Yanxi , Chen Qiuyan , Li Shaolian , Shi Yinan , Cao Shilin , Ma Xiaojuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, four different media including aqueous water, acetic acid (AA), HCl, and H2SO4 were used to hydrolyze holocelluloses. The decomposition of holocellulose and pseudo‐lignin formation are discussed. It was found that AA and water are almost comparable in catalyzing holocellulose (HC) decomposition but the former can promote sugar decomposition and therefore pseudo‐lignin formation. In contrast, HCl and H2SO4 are more efficient in HC decomposition and furfural formation; specifically, HCl is extremely potent for HC decomposition and furfural formation but inert for pseudo‐lignin formation. The results confirmed that both hydrogen ions and anions would affect the carbohydrate decomposition; in this case, further study revealed that only concentrated Cl− in the water system can promote the furfural formation but Cl− with relative low concentration will inhibit pseudo‐lignin formation. It is proved that, Cl− can stabilize the intermediates that facilitate the pseudo lignin formation. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
OSiD: opening the conceptual design of biobased processes to a context‐sensitive sustainability analysis
Authors: Palmeros Parada Mar , van der Putten Wim , van der Wielen Luuk A M , Osseweijer Patricia , van Loosdrecht Mark , Pashaei Kamali Farahnaz , Posada John A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiobased production has been promoted as an alternative to fossil‐based production to mitigate climate change. However, emerging concerns over the sustainability of biobased products have shown that tensions can emerge between different objectives and concerns, like emission reduction targets and food security, and that these are dependent on local contexts. Here we present the Open Sustainability‐in‐Design (OSiD) framework, the aim of which is to integrate a context‐sensitive sustainability analysis in the conceptual design of biobased processes. The framework is illustrated, taking as an example the production of sustainable aviation fuel in southeast Brazil. The OSiD framework is a novel concept that brings the perspectives of stakeholders and considerations of the regional context to an ex ante sustainability analysis of biobased production. This work also illustrates a way to integrate methods from different scientific disciplines supporting the analysis of sustainability and the identification of tensions between different sustainability aspects. Making these tensions explicit early in the development of biobased production can make them more responsive to emerging sustainability concerns. Considering the global pressure to reduce carbon emissions, situating sustainability analyses in their socio‐technical contexts as presented here can help to explain and improve the impacts of biobased production in the transition away from fossil resources. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The dietary carcinogen PhIP activates p53‐dependent DNA damage response in the colon of CYP1A‐humanized mice
Authors: Yang Xu , Peng Hongxia , Luo Ziyan , Luo Ailing , Cai Mansi , Xu Ling , Wang Hong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpecies differences in the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 are critical in evaluating the use of experimental animals in studying toxic compounds relevant to human diseases. 2‐Amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP), which is produced by high‐temperature cooking of fish and meat, is activated to become a carcinogen by cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) through N2‐hydroxylation in humans, but is detoxified by Cyp1a2 through 4′‐hydroxylation in mice. CYP1A‐humanized (hCYP1A) mice, in which mouse Cyp1a is replaced with human CYP1A, show constitutive human xenobiotic metabolism by hCYP1A, thereby serving as a suitable model for studying PhIP. Previous studies have demonstrated that oral administration of PhIP induces colon tumors in hCYP1A mice; however, these studies used a super‐high dose, raising concerns regarding the relevance of the mechanism to human cancer. Herein, we systematically investigated PhIP‐induced colon carcinogenesis in hCYP1A mice treated with lower doses. We found that a dose 2000 times lower than that used previously, which is comparable to human daily intake levels, could induce colon tumors, albeit at a lower incidence rate. We further investigated the transcriptome changes in the colon of hCYP1A mice treated with PhIP and identified that PhIP treatment increased the expression of Bax, Btg2, Ccng1, Cdkn1a, and Trp53inp1 and decreased the expression of Igf1 and Ccnd1. Since these genes are key components of the p53‐dependent DNA damage response, the altered expression patterns indicated PhIP‐induced DNA damage in hCYP1A mice. Together, these results prove that hCYP1A mice are suitable for studying PhIP‐induced carcinogenesis and show that PhIP is an important colorectal cancer carcinogen in human diet.
Bioengineering of a CLiP‐derived tubular biliary‐duct‐like structure for bile transport in vitro
Authors: Huang Yu , Sakai Yusuke , Hara Takanobu , Katsuda Takeshi , Ochiya Takahiro , Gu Wei‐Li , Miyamoto Daisuke , Hamada Takashi , Hidaka Masaaki , Kanetaka Kengo , Adachi Tomohiko , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe integration of a bile drainage structure into engineered liver tissues is an important issue in the advancement of liver regenerative medicine. Primary biliary cells, which play a vital role in bile metabolite accumulation, are challenging to obtain in vitro because of their low density in the liver. In contrast, large amounts of purified hepatocytes can be easily acquired from rodents. The in vitro chemically induced liver progenitors (CLiPs) from primary mature hepatocytes offer a platform to produce biliary cells abundantly. Here, we generated a functional CLiP‐derived tubular bile duct‐like structure using the chemical conversion technology. We obtained an integrated tubule‐hepatocyte tissue via the direct coculture of hepatocytes on the established tubular biliary‐duct‐like structure. This integrated tubule‐hepatocyte tissue was able to transport the bile, as quantified by the cholyl‐lysyl‐fluorescein assay, which was not observed in the un‐cocultured structure or in the biliary cell monolayer. Furthermore, this in vitro integrated tubule‐hepatocyte tissue exhibited an upregulation of hepatic marker genes. Together, these findings demonstrated the efficiency of the CLiP‐derived tubular biliary‐duct‐like structures regarding the accumulation and transport of bile.
Antibody capture process based on magnetic beads from very high cell density suspension
Authors: Brechmann Nils A. , Schwarz Hubert , Eriksson Per‐Olov , Eriksson Kristofer , Shokri Atefeh , Chotteau Véronique 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCell clarification represents a major challenge for the intensification through very high cell density in the production of biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The present report proposes a solution to this challenge in a streamlined process where cell clarification and mAb capture are performed in a single step using magnetic beads coupled with protein A. Capture of mAb from non‐clarified CHO cell suspension showed promising results; however, it has not been demonstrated that it can handle the challenge of very high cell density as observed in intensified fed‐batch cultures. The performances of magnetic bead‐based mAb capture on non‐clarified cell suspension from intensified fed‐batch culture were studied. Capture from a culture at density larger than 100 × 106 cells/ml provided an adsorption efficiency of 99% and an overall yield of 93% with a logarithmic host cell protein (HCP) clearance of ≈2–3 and a resulting HCP concentration ≤≈5 ppm. These results show that direct capture from very high cell density cell suspension is possible without prior processing. This technology, which brings significant benefits in terms of operational cost reduction and performance improvements such as low HCP, can be a powerful tool alleviating the challenge of process intensification.
A mediating role for mental health in associations between COVID‐19‐related self‐stigma, PTSD, quality of life, and insomnia among patients recovered from COVID‐19
Authors: Mahmoudi Hosein , Saffari Mohsen , Movahedi Mahmoud , Sanaeinasab Hormoz , Rashidi‐Jahan Hojat , Pourgholami Morteza , Poorebrahim Ali , Barshan Jalal , Ghiami Milad , Khoshmanesh Saman , Potenza Marc N. , Lin Chung‐Ying , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatients with COVID‐19 often suffer from psychological problems such as post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self‐stigmatization that may negatively impact their quality of life and sleep. This study examined mental health as a potential mediating factor linking self‐stigmatization and PTSD to quality of life and sleep.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, 844 people who had recovered from COVID‐19 were called and interviewed. Data were collected using structured scales. Structural equation modeling was applied to assess fitness of a mediation model including self‐stigma and PTSD as independent factors and quality of life and insomnia as dependent variables.ResultsMental health, COVID‐19‐related self‐stigma, and mental quality of life were associated. Insomnia, PTSD, and COVID‐19‐related self‐stigma displayed significant direct associations (r = .334 to 0.454; p < .01). A mediation model indicated satisfactory goodness of fit (CFI = 0.968, TLI = 0.950, SRMR = 0.071, RMSEA = 0.068). Mental health as a mediator had negative relationships with COVID‐19‐related self‐stigma, PTSD, and insomnia and positive associations with quality of life.ConclusionMental health may mediate effects of COVID‐19‐related self‐stigma and PTSD on quality of life and insomnia. Designing programs to improve mental health among patients with COVID‐19 may include efforts to reduce negative effects of PTSD and COVID‐19‐related self‐stigma on quality of life and insomnia.
Estrogen attenuates physical and psychological stress‐induced cognitive impairments in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Khaleghi Mina , Rajizadeh Mohammad Amin , Bashiri Hamideh , Kohlmeier Kristi Anne , Mohammadi Fatemeh , Khaksari Mohammad , Shabani Mohammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionWomen are more vulnerable to stress‐related disorders than men, which is counterintuitive as female sex hormones, especially estrogen, have been shown to be protective against stress disorders.MethodsIn this study, we investigated whether two different models of stress act differently on ovariectomized (OVX) rats and the impact of estrogen on physical or psychological stress‐induced impairments in cognitive‐behaviors. Adult female Wistar rats at 21–22 weeks of age were utilized for this investigation. Sham and OVX rats were subjected to physical and psychological stress for 1 hr/day for 7 days, and cognitive performance was assessed using morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests. The open field and elevated plus maze tests (EPM) evaluated exploratory and anxiety‐like behaviors.ResultsIn sham and OVX rats, both physical and psychological stressors were associated with an increase in EPM‐determined anxiety‐like behavior. OVX rats exhibited decreased explorative behavior in comparison with nonstressed sham rats (p < .05). Both physical stress and psychological stress resulted in disrupted spatial cognition as assayed in the MWM (p < .05) and impaired learning and memory as determined by the PA test when the OVX and sham groups were compared with the nonstressed sham group. Estrogen increased explorative behavior, learning and memory (p < .05), and decreased anxiety‐like behavior compared with vehicle in OVX rats exposed to either type of stressor.ConclusionsWhen taken together, estrogen and both stressors had opposite effects on memory, anxiety, and PA performance in a rat model of menopause, which has important implications for potential protective effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women exposed to chronic stress.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of primary human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening: Results from the HPV FOCAL Trial
Authors: Cromwell Ian , Smith Laurie W. , van der Hoek Kim , Hedden Lindsay , Coldman Andrew J. , Cook Darrel , Franco Eduardo L. , Krajden Mel , Martin Ruth , Lee Marette H. , Stuart Gavin , van Niekerk Dirk , Ogilvie Gina , Peacock Stuart 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Human Papillomavirus FOr CervicAL cancer (HPV FOCAL) trial is a large randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of primary HPV testing to cytology among women in the population‐based Cervix Screening Program in British Columbia, Canada. We conducted a cost‐effectiveness analysis based on the HPV FOCAL trial to estimate the incremental cost per detected high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse lesions (CIN2+). A total of 19,009 women aged 25 to 65 were randomized to one of two study groups. Women in the intervention group received primary HPV testing with reflex liquid‐based cytology (LBC) upon a positive finding with a screening interval of 48 months. Women in the control group received primary LBC testing, and those negative returned at 24 months for LBC and again at 48 months for exit screening. Both groups received HPV and LBC co‐testing at the 48‐month exit. Incremental costs during the course of the trial were comparable between the intervention and control groups. The intervention group had lower overall costs and detected a larger number of CIN2+ lesions, resulting in a lower mean cost per CIN2+ detected ($7551) than the control group ($8325), a difference of ‐$773 [all costs in 2018 USD]. Cost per detected lesion was sensitive to the costs of sample collection, HPV testing, and LBC testing. The HPV FOCAL Trial results suggest that primary HPV testing every 4 years produces similar outcomes to LBC‐based testing every 2 years for cervical cancer screening at a lower cost.
Phase 1b study of galunisertib and ramucirumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Harding James J. , Do Richard K. , Yaqubie Amin , Cleverly Ann , Zhao Yumin , Gueorguieva Ivelina , Lahn Michael , Benhadji Karim A. , Kelley Robin K. , Abou‐Alfa Ghassan K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreclinical data suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signaling interact to stimulate angiogenesis and suppress antitumor immune responses. Thus, combined inhibition of both pathways may offer greater antitumor activity compared with VEGF‐targeted antiangiogenic monotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThis is a multicenter, open‐label, phase 1b study of galunisertib, an inhibitor of TGF‐β receptor 1, and ramucirumab, an anti‐VEGF receptor 2 antibody, in patients with advanced HCC aiming to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Secondary objectives included safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), antitumor efficacy, and plasma alpha‐fetoprotein and TGF‐β kinetics. Dose escalation employed a 3 + 3 design. Patients received galunisertib at 80 mg (cohort 1) or 150 mg (cohort 2) orally twice a day on days 1–14 of a 28‐day cycle combined with ramucirumab 8 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks.ResultsEight patients were enrolled: three in cohort 1 and five in cohort 2 (two patients were unevaluable due to rapid disease progression and replaced). No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed. Treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) of any grade in ≥2 patients included nausea (25%) and vomiting (25%). There was one Grade 3 treatment‐related AE, a cerebrovascular accident possibly related to ramucirumab. Galunisertib exposure was dose‐proportional and not affected by ramucirumab. The RECIST version 1.1 objective response rate and disease control rate were 0% and 12.5%, respectively.ConclusionCombination therapy was safe and tolerable and displayed favorable PK. The MTD was established at galunisertib at 150 mg orally twice a day and ramucirumab 8 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. The results do not support the preclinical hypothesis that blocking TGFβ signaling enhances efficacy of VEGF‐targeted therapy; thus further clinical development was halted for the combination of galunisertib and ramucirumab.
Iodine‐Catalyzed Diels‐Alder Reactions
Authors: Arndt Thiemo , Wagner Philip K. , Koenig Jonas J. , Breugst Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Diels‐Alder cycloaddition is the most popular pericyclic reaction with numerous applications in synthesis and catalysis. We now demonstrate that we can perform this reaction under mild and metal‐free conditions relying on molecular iodine as the catalyst. Cycloadditions with cyclohexadiene, cyclopentadiene, or isoprene with various dienophiles can be performed typically within minutes in moderate to good yields and high endo selectivity. The mechanistic studies including kinetic and DFT investigations clearly indicate a halogen‐bond activation and rule out other modes of activation. Furthermore, iodine performs equally well as typical metallic Lewis acids like AlCl3, SnCl4, or TiCl4.