bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sugar absorption test in the evaluation of the gastrointestinal intolerance to bisphosphonates: Studies with oral pamidronate
Authors: Twiss Irene M. , Burggraaf Jacobus , Schoemaker Rick C. , van Elburg Ruurd M. , den Hartigh Jan , Cohen A. F. , Vermeij Pieter 
Published: July 2002

Rationale and AimSome bisphosphonates induce gastrointestinal side effects, but the localization in the gastrointestinal tract and the underlying mechanism are unknown. The feasibility of the sugar absorption test was investigated to assess the gastrointestinal effects of oral enteric‐coated pamidronate. The sugar absorption test measures the urinary excretion of lactulose, mannitol, and sucrose after oral intake. Increases in the lactulose/mannitol ratio and sucrose excretion indicate increased small intestinal permeability and gastroduodenal disease, respectively.Subjects and MethodsTwelve volunteers (5 women and 7 men) participated in a randomized, double‐blind, 4‐way crossover study. The sugar absorption test was performed 2 hours after the final drug intake following a 3‐day course of enteric‐coated pamidronate (300 mg daily), placebo, or acetylsalicylic acid (3 g daily). The lactulose/mannitol ratio and sucrose excretion were measured in urine collected for 5 hours after ingestion of the solution. The fourth treatment consisted of intravenous administration of pamidronate. Treatment comparison was with paired t tests after log‐transformation.ResultsThe lactulose/mannitol ratio after pamidronate and acetylsalicylic acid administration was 54% and 118% higher than that after placebo (95% confidence intervals [CI], +8%, +119%, and +69%, +182%). The lactulose/mannitol ratio after pamidronate administration was 29% lower (95% CI, −54%, +3%) than that after acetylsalicylic acid. Compared with placebo the sucrose excretion was 290% higher after acetylsalicylic acid (95% CI, +46%, +518%) but only 8% higher after pamidronate (95% CI, −41%, +97%). The absorption of pamidronate was below 1%, and there was no relationship with the increased lactulose/mannitol ratio.ConclusionOral enteric‐coated pamidronate increases intestinal but not gastroduodenal permeability. There was no relationship between intestinal permeability and absorption of pamidronate. It appears that the sugar absorption test is an appropriate, noninvasive method for evaluation of gastrointestinal effects of bisphosphonates in humans.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2001) 69, 431–437; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2001.115724
Operation of air‐conditioning and sanitary equipment for SARS‐CoV‐2 infectious disease control
Authors: Kurabuchi Takashi , Yanagi U. , Ogata Masayuki , Otsuka Masayuki , Kagi Naoki , Yamamoto Yoshihide , Hayashi Motoya , Tanabe Shinichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is still undetermined if the main infection route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus that leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), is infection through droplet, contact, or airborne transmission. However, confined spaces with poor ventilation are cited as a risk factor for group outbreaks, and there is growing interest in the effects of intervention through the appropriate operation of air‐conditioning and sanitary equipment to reduce the risk of airborne transmission. This study first offers an outline of the characteristics of the novel coronavirus disease and the cluster outbreak case reports that have been clarified until now. Subsequently, we describe the appropriate operating conditions for building equipment that are effective in reducing the risk of infection and also highlight specificities for each building use based on the guidance provided by healthcare institutions and with reference to the standard recommendations by Western academic societies related to building equipment.
Associations of Comorbid Conditions and Transitions Across States of Knee Osteoarthritis in a Community‐Based Cohort
Authors: Golightly Yvonne M. , Alvarez Carolina , Arbeeva Liubov S. , Cleveland Rebecca J. , Schwartz Todd A. , Renner Jordan B. , Murphy Louise B. , Callahan Leigh F. , Jordan Joanne M. , Nelson Amanda E. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo examine relationships between knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsAssociations of time‐dependent obesity, DM, and CVD with KOA transition states over approximately 18 years were examined among 4093 participants from a community‐based cohort. Transition states were 1) no knee symptoms and no radiographic KOA (rKOA; Kellgren‐Lawrence grade ≥2 in at least one knee), 2) asymptomatic rKOA, 3) knee symptoms only, 4) symptomatic rKOA (sxKOA; rKOA and symptoms in same knee). Markov multistate models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between comorbid conditions and transitions across states, adjusting for baseline age, sex, race, education, enrollment cohort, birth year, and time‐dependent knee injury history.ResultsAt baseline, 40% of participants had obesity, 13% had DM, and 22% had CVD (mean age = 61 years; 34% Black; 37% male). Compared with those without obesity, those with obesity had a higher hazard of worsening from no rKOA/no symptoms to asymptomatic rKOA (aHR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.3‐2.2) and from knee symptoms to sxKOA (aHR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.3‐2.3), as well as a lower hazard of symptom resolution from sxKOA to asymptomatic rKOA (aHR = 0.5 [95% = CI 0.4‐0.7]). Compared with those without CVD, those with CVD had a higher hazard of worsening from no rKOA/symptoms to knee symptoms (aHR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1‐2.1). DM was not associated with transitions of rKOA.ConclusionPrevention of obesity and CVD may limit the development or worsening of rKOA and symptoms.
Comparative Risk of Nonvertebral Fractures Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Biologic or Targeted Synthetic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Pawar Ajinkya , Desai Rishi J. , He Mengdong , Bessette Lily , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the incidence rate of nonvertebral osteoporotic fractures (NVFs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating one of the nine biologic or targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs).MethodsWe analyzed claims data from Optum (2008 to March 2019), Medicare, and MarketScan (2008‐2017) to identify adults with RA who newly initiated b/tsDMARDs. Adalimumab was the most frequently used and was thus selected as a reference. The primary outcome was a composite of incident NVFs, including hip, humerus, pelvis, and wrist fractures, based on validated algorithms. We adjusted for greater than 70 potential confounders in each database through propensity score–based inverse probability treatment weighting. Follow‐up time started the day after cohort entry until the first occurrence of one of the following: outcome, treatment discontinuation, switching, nursing home admission, death, disenrollment, or end of study period. For each drug comparison, weighted Cox proportional hazards models estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Secondary analyses were conducted in patients switching from a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor to a different b/tsDMARD.ResultsA total of 134,693 b/tsDMARD initiators were identified across three databases. The adjusted HRs showed similar risk of composite NVFs in all b/tsDMARD exposures compared with adalimumab: abatacept, HR 1.03 (95% CI 0.82‐1.30); certolizumab, HR 1.08 (95% CI 0.79‐1.49); etanercept, HR 1.12 (95% CI 0.89‐1.40); golimumab, HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.59‐1.39); infliximab, HR 1.03 (95% CI 0.84‐1.28); rituximab, HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.74‐1.55); tocilizumab, HR 1.24 (95% CI 0.71‐2.17); and tofacitinib, HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.69‐1.64). Secondary analyses showed similar results.ConclusionThis multidatabase cohort study found no differences in the risk of NVFs across individual b/tsDMARDs for RA, which provides reassurance to physicians prescribing b/tsDMARDs, especially to patients at high risk of developing NVFs.
PdBi Single‐Atom Alloy Aerogels for Efficient Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Wang Hengjia , Jiao Lei , Zheng Lirong , Fang Qie , Qin Ying , Luo Xin , Wei Xiaoqian , Hu Liuyong , Gu Wenling , Wen Jing , Zhu Chengzhou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom alloys (SAAs) have ignited a surge of unprecedented interest as the advanced nanomaterials and opened many opportunities for wide applications. Herein, 3D porous aerogels comprising ionic liquid (IL) functionalized PdBi SAA building blocks with atomically dispersed Bi on Pd nanowires (IL/Pd50Bi1) are synthesized with accelerated gelation kinetics, which could serve as high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). Benefiting from the unique structures of aerogels including synergistic effects of PdBi SAA nanowire networks and interface engineering, the optimized IL/Pd50Bi1 aerogels display a nearly fourfold enhancement in mass activity and boosted stability for EOR compared to commercial Pd/C. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that isolated Bi atoms on Pd nanowire networks decrease the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step, resulting in excellent electrocatalytic activity for EOR. This work provides a promising method for developing efficient SAA catalysts for fuel electrooxidation.
Quantitative Tissue Pharmacokinetics and EPR Effect of AGuIX Nanoparticles: A Multimodal Imaging Study in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Rat Model and Healthy Macaque
Authors: Tran Vu‐Long , Lux François , Tournier Nicolas , Jego Benoit , Maître Xavier , Anisorac Maria , Comtat Claude , Jan Sébastien , Selmeczi Katalin , Evans Michael J. , Tillement Olivier , Kuhnast Bertrand , Truillet Charles 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAGuIX are emerging radiosensitizing nanoparticles (NPs) for precision radiotherapy (RT) under clinical evaluation (Phase 2). Despite being accompanied by MRI thanks to the presence of gadolinium (Gd) at its surface, more sensitive and quantifiable imaging technique should further leverage the full potential of this technology. In this study, it is shown that 89Zr can be labeled on such NPs directly for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with a simple and scalable method. The stability of such complexes is remarkable in vitro and in vivo. Using a glioblastoma orthotopic rat model, it is shown that injected 89Zr‐AGuIX is detectable inside the tumor for at least 1 week. Interestingly, the particles seem to efficiently infiltrate the tumor even in necrotic areas, which places great hope for the treatment of radioresistant tumor. Lastly, the first PET/MR whole‐body imaging is performed in non‐human primate (NHP), which further demonstrates the translational potential of these bimodal NP.
Inkjet Printed Textile Force Sensitive Resistors for Wearable and Healthcare Devices
Authors: Ju Beomjun , Kim Inhwan , Li Braden M. , Knowles Caitlin G. , Mills Amanda , Grace Landon , Jur Jesse S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPressure sensors for wearable healthcare devices, particularly force sensitive resistors (FSRs) are widely used to monitor physiological signals and human motions. However, current FSRs are not suitable for integration into wearable platforms. This work presents a novel technique for developing textile FSRs (TFSRs) using a combination of inkjet printing of metal‐organic decomposition silver inks and heat pressing for facile integration into textiles. The insulating void by a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membrane between the top and bottom textile electrodes creates an architectured piezoresistive structure. The structure functions as a simple logic switch where under a threshold pressure the electrodes make contact to create conductive paths (on‐state) and without pressure return to the prior insulated condition (off‐state). The TFSR can be controlled by arranging the number of layers and hole diameters of the TPU spacer to specify a wide range of activation pressures from 4.9 kPa to 7.1 MPa. For a use‐case scenario in wearable healthcare technologies, the TFSR connected with a readout circuit and a mobile app shows highly stable signal acquisition from finger movement. According to the on/off state of the TFSR with LED bulbs by different weights, it can be utilized as a textile switch showing tactile feedback.
Optical Multiparameter Detection System Based on a Broadband Achromatic Metalens Array
Authors: Feng Xing , Wang Yuxi , Wei Yunxuan , Hu Tie , Xiao Shunyuan , He Guangqiang , Zhao Ming , Xia Jinsong , Yang Zhenyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetalenses, known as flat metasurface lenses based on subwavelength phase modulations, have been widely applied to compact and multifunctional optical devices due to their high flexibility in controlling light. However, most metalenses only operate at single wavelength, limiting their practical applications. In this paper, an achromatic metalens array (AMLA)‐based optical multiparameter detection system, for a near‐infrared spectrum from 1310 to 1550 nm, is reported. Such system can simultaneously detect the spatially varying polarization and phase gradient of the broadband beam. Its performance is experimentally characterized at wavelengths of 1310, 1430, and 1550 nm. Average errors of 18 selected polarization states are respectively 6.40%, 6.74%, and 6.02%. Average errors of phase gradients of seven different incident light are 8.93%, 7.44%, and 5.68%. This system can find applications in structured light detection, quantum optics, and polarization imaging.
Suction Cups‐Inspired Adhesive Patch with Tailorable Patterns for Versatile Wound Healing
Authors: Huang Rongkang , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Li Wenzhao , Shang Luoran , Wang Hui , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMedical patches play an important role in wound healing because of their tissue conformality, drug release capacity, and convenient operation. Great efforts have been devoted to developing new‐generation patches with distinctive features promoting wound healing. Here, inspired by the structure of octopus suction cups and the component of natural tissue, a biocompatible wound patch with selective adhesiveness and individualized design using a combined strategy of template‐replication and mask‐guided lithography is presented. Such patches are based on Ecoflex film with suction‐cup‐mimicking microstructures to adhere to normal skin and with biocompatible gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to contact wounded areas. An ultraviolet mask with a tailorable pattern is employed to shape the GelMA hydrogel into customized geometry replicating individual wound areas, and thus both adhesion and antiadhesion properties are integrated into the same patch. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor is loaded to accelerate the healing process. Based on these advantages, the authors demonstrate that the present patches not only adhere to different skin surfaces, but also promote the treatment of a rat cutaneous wound model. Thus, it is believed that this versatile patch can break through the limitation of traditional patches and be ideal candidates for wound healing and related biomedical applications.
Multimodal Imaging with NanoGd Reveals Spatiotemporal Features of Neuroinflammation after Experimental Stroke
Authors: Hubert Violaine , Hristovska Ines , Karpati Szilvia , Benkeder Sarah , Dey Arindam , Dumot Chloé , Amaz Camille , Chounlamountri Naura , Watrin Chantal , Comte Jean‐Christophe , Chauveau Fabien , Brun Emmanuel , Marche Patrice , Lerouge Fréderic , Parola Stéphane , Berthezène Yves , Vorup‐Jensen Thomas , Pascual Olivier , Wiart Marlène 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to propose and validate a preclinical in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tool to monitor neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke, based on injection of a novel multimodal nanoprobe, NanoGd, specifically designed for internalization by phagocytic cells. First, it is verified that NanoGd is efficiently internalized by microglia in vitro. In vivo MRI coupled with intravenous injection of NanoGd in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model results in hypointense signals in the ischemic lesion. In these mice, longitudinal two‐photon intravital microscopy shows NanoGd internalization by activated CX3CR1‐GFP/+ cells. Ex vivo analysis, including phase contrast imaging with synchrotron X‐ray, histochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy corroborate NanoGd accumulation within the ischemic lesion and uptake by immune phagocytic cells. Taken together, these results confirm the potential of NanoGd‐enhanced MRI as an imaging biomarker of neuroinflammation at the subacute stage of ischemic stroke. As far as it is known, this work is the first to decipher the working mechanism of MR signals induced by a nanoparticle passively targeted at phagocytic cells by performing intravital microscopy back‐to‐back with MRI. Furthermore, using a gadolinium‐based rather than an iron‐based contrast agent raises future perspectives for the development of molecular imaging with emerging computed tomography technologies.
1D Metal Oxide Semiconductor Materials for Chemiresistive Gas Sensors: A Review
Authors: Yang Bingxin , Myung Nosang V. , Tran Thien‐Toan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile numerous types of gas sensors have been developed for various industries and applications such as the automotive industry, environmental monitoring, and personal safety, nanoscale chemiresistive gas sensors have gained significant research interest due to several advantages such as high sensitivity, low power consumption, and portability. An essential component of these gas sensors is the sensing material where metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) materials are the most prevalent sensing material. Since the adoption of nanoscale synthesis methods for sensing materials development, such as electrospinning and hydrothermal synthesis, many novel 1D MOS‐based nanostructured sensing materials have been demonstrated to enhance gas sensing performance. Overall, nanoengineering approaches and mechanisms for enhancement of gas sensing performance of 1D metal oxide‐based sensing materials are systematically discussed and categorized into several overarching strategies, such as tuning of materials dimension, morphology, and composition. Furthermore, integration of 1D sensing nanomaterials into sensor devices are discussed from the perspective of different chemiresistive sensor architectures and device fabrication methods. Finally, this review also discusses use of 1D MOS materials for emerging and novel electronic nose applications.
A Robust Solid–Solid Interface Using Sodium–Tin Alloy Modified Metallic Sodium Anode Paving Way for All‐Solid‐State Battery
Authors: Oh Jin An Sam , Sun Jianguo , Goh Minhao , Chua Bengwah , Zeng Kaiyang , Lu Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAll‐solid‐state alkaline metal batteries are perceived as the “holy‐grail” high energy density storage system. A robust physical contact between the anode and the solid‐state electrolyte is paramount for a stable cycling. However, the sluggish Na+ diffusion kinetic in the metallic sodium results in loss of physical contact during desodiation and promotes rapid sodium penetration. Herein, instead of applying high stacking pressure, a composite anode consisting of Na and Na15Sn4 is proposed to be the anode utilized with sodium superionic conductor solid‐state electrolyte. The addition of Na15Sn4 in the Na matrix increases the Na+ diffusivity in the anode layer that reduces the tendency to form pores at the interface. As a result, the symmetrical composite anode cell shows a high critical current density of 2.5 mA cm−2 and a stable galvanostatic cycling for more than 500 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2. According to the operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, an analytical diffusion model has been proposed to describe the diffusion mechanism in the anode during desodiation. This work shows that the electrode needs high Na+ diffusion kinetics to integrate with the solid‐state electrolyte to achieve a robust physical interface.
Interfacing or Doping? Role of Ce in Highly Promoted Water Oxidation of NiFe‐Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Liu Mengjie , Min Kyung‐Ah , Han Byungchan , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSurface engineering of transition metal layered double hydroxides (LDHs) provides an efficient way of enhancing their catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the underlying mechanism of atomistic doping or heterogeneous interface with foreign atom is still ambiguous. Herein, a case study of NiFe‐LDHs that are homogeneously doped with Ce (CeNiFe‐LDH) and interfaced with Ce(OH)3 (Ce@NiFe‐LDH), which elucidates their electronic modulation, in situ evolution of active site, and catalytic reaction mechanisms by using X‐ray photoelectronic spectroscopy, operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy, and first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, is reported. The results indicate that Ce and Fe atoms serve as the electron acceptors and facilitate the coupled oxidation of Ni3+/4+ in NiFe‐LDH, and the activated oxyhydroxide phase of the catalysts exhibits superior catalytic activity for water oxidation. Especially, Ce@NiFe‐LDH shows a stronger electron transfer between the loaded Ce(OH)3 and the matrix, which leads to a better catalytic activity than CeNiFe‐LDH. DFT calculations provide a clear picture with atomistic resolution for charge redistribution in the NiFe‐LDH surface induced by Ce, which eventually leads to the optimal free energy landscape for the enhanced OER catalytic activity.
Lithium Argyrodite as Solid Electrolyte and Cathode Precursor for Solid‐State Batteries with Long Cycle Life
Authors: Wang Shuo , Tang Mingxue , Zhang Qinghua , Li Baohua , Ohno Saneyuki , Walther Felix , Pan Ruijun , Xu Xiaofu , Xin Chengzhou , Zhang Wenbo , Li Liangliang , Shen Yang , Richter Felix H. , Janek Jürgen , Nan Ce‐Wen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries with conversion‐type cathodes promise to exceed the performance of lithium‐ion batteries due to their high theoretical specific energy and potential safety. However, the reported performance of solid‐state batteries is still unsatisfactory due to poor electronic and ionic conduction in the composite cathodes. Here, in situ formation of active material as well as highly effective ion‐ and electron‐conducting paths via electrochemical decomposition of Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5 (LPSCB)/multiwalled carbon nanotube mixtures during cycling is reported. Effectively, the LPSCB electrolyte forms a multiphase conversion‐type cathode by partial decomposition during the first discharge. Comprehensive characterization, especially operando pressure monitoring, reveals a co‐redox process of two redox‐active elements during cycling. The monolithic LPSCB‐based cell shows stable cycling over 1000 cycles with a very high capacity retention of 94% at high current density (0.885 mA cm−2, ≈0.7 C) at room temperature and a high areal capacity of 12.56 mAh cm−2 is achieved.