bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hyperelastic model for soils with stress-induced and inherent anisotropy
Authors: Cudny Marcin , Staszewska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, modelling of the superposition of stress-induced and inherent anisotropy of soil small strain stiffness is presented in the framework of hyperelasticity. A simple hyperelastic model, capable of reproducing variable stress-induced anisotropy of stiffness, is extended by replacement of the stress invariant with mixed stress–microstructure invariant to introduce constant inherent cross-anisotropic component. A convenient feature of the new model is low number of material constants directly related to the parameters commonly used in the literature. The proposed description can be incorporated as a small strain elastic core in the development of some more sophisticated hyperelastic-plastic models of overconsolidated soils. It can also be used as an independent model in analyses involving small strain problems, such as dynamic simulations of the elastic wave propagation. Various options and features of the proposed anisotropic hyperelastic model are investigated. The directional model response is compared with experimental data available in the literature.
Long-Term Improvement of Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Lautenbach Anne , Stoll Fabian , Mann Oliver , Busch Philipp , Huber Tobias B. , Kielstein Heike , Bähr Ina , Aberle Jens 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Bariatric surgery (BS) was shown to improve inflammatory markers in previous short-term follow-up studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term effects of BS on chronic low-grade inflammation markers related to severe obesity. Moreover, the meaning of the type of BS procedure as well as the remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) for inflammatory status up to 4 years after BS was analyzed.

Materials and Methods
In a retrospective cohort study including 163 patients at baseline, inflammatory and metabolic parameters were assessed at 4 time points: before surgery (baseline), 6 months after surgery (visit 1), 2 years after surgery (visit 2), and 4 years after surgery (visit 3). Univariate regression analysis was used to identify variables that were thought to determine change in inflammatory parameters.

Results
CRP, hs-CRP, leucocytes, and ferritin significantly declined in the mid- and long-term according to the U-shaped curve of weight loss (p<0.001). Change in body mass index (BMI) at long-time follow-up showed a significant linear effect on change in leucocytes (B=0.082; p<0.001) and change in hs-CRP (B=0.03; p<0.05). There was a strong, positive correlation between T2D and hs-CRP at visit 2 (rs=0.195; p<0.05) and visit 3 (rs=0.36; p=0.001). With regard to type of surgery and gender, there were no significant differences in inflammatory parameters.

Conclusion
BS is able to reduce obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation up to 4 years after surgical intervention. The improvement in metaflammation is related to the change in BMI and remission of T2D in the long-term.

Graphical abstract
Identification of Neuronal Polarity by Node-Based Machine Learning
Authors: Su Chen-Zhi , Chou Kuan-Ting , Huang Hsuan-Pei , Li Chiau-Jou , Charng Ching-Che , Lo Chung-Chuan , Wang Daw-Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIdentifying the direction of signal flows in neural networks is important for understanding the intricate information dynamics of a living brain. Using a dataset of 213 projection neurons distributed in more than 15 neuropils of a Drosophila brain, we develop a powerful machine learning algorithm: node-based polarity identifier of neurons (NPIN). The proposed model is trained only by information specific to nodes, the branch points on the skeleton, and includes both Soma Features (which contain spatial information from a given node to a soma) and Local Features (which contain morphological information of a given node). After including the spatial correlations between nodal polarities, our NPIN provided extremely high accuracy (>96.0%) for the classification of neuronal polarity, even for complex neurons with more than two dendrite/axon clusters. Finally, we further apply NPIN to classify the neuronal polarity of neurons in other species (Blowfly and Moth), which have much less neuronal data available. Our results demonstrate the potential of NPIN as a powerful tool to identify the neuronal polarity of insects and to map out the signal flows in the brain’s neural networks if more training data become available in the future.
Orbital Abscess—Two Case Reports with Review
Authors: Zawadzki Tomasz , Komisarek Oskar , Pawłowski Jacek , Wojtera Bartosz , Bilska-Stokłosa Joanna , Osmola Krzysztof 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeriorbital infections lead to severe condition of the orbital abscess, and eventually to sight loss, and even death. Current study aims in reviewing the literature regarding orbital abscess in adult patients and presenting 2 original cases. A surgical intervention to drain the abscess and a revision of the orbital was required. A review of literature is also reported focusing on aetiology and treatment options dealing with an orbital abscess.
Die Nutzung gestufter Lernhilfen zur Unterstützung des Experimentierprozesses im Biologieunterricht – eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Kleinert Svea Isabel , Isaak Ricarda Corinna , Textor Annette , Wilde Matthias 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungExperimentieren im Biologieunterricht gilt als komplexer Problemlöseprozess. Die Nutzung gestufter Lernhilfen als Form von Binnendifferenzierung könnte dies unterstützen. In der vorliegenden qualitativen Studie wurde die Verwendung gestufter Lernhilfen beim Experimentieren im Biologieunterricht untersucht. Hierzu wurden Daten von 35 Schüler*innen (M = 12,5 Jahre; SD = 0,83; 42,9 % weiblich) der 6.–8. Jahrgangsstufe einer Gesamtschule und einer Realschule erhoben. Die Nutzung der gestuften Lernhilfen wurde mithilfe des Lauten Denkens während des Experimentierprozesses und eines anschließenden leitfadengestützten Interviews erfasst. Eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse ergab ein Kategoriensystem mit insgesamt 5 Ober- und 8 Unterkategorien. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Schüler*innen die gestuften Lernhilfen nutzen, wenn Schwierigkeiten während des Experimentierprozesses auftraten. Die Nutzung gestufter Lernhilfen scheint die metakognitive Handlungsplanung, reflektierendes Verhalten und die Aktivierung von Vorwissen positiv zu beeinflussen. Mögliche Implikationen für die Gestaltung gestufter Lernhilfen werden diskutiert.
Virtual Reality Representations of Nature to Improve Well-Being amongst Older Adults: a Rapid Review
Authors: Van Houwelingen-Snippe Josca , Ben Allouch Somaya , Van Rompay Thomas J. L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Poor well-being amongst older adults poses a serious health concern. Simultaneously, research shows that contact with nature can improve various facets of well-being, including physical, social, and mental well-being. However, nature is not always accessible for older adults due to mobility restrictions and related care needs that come with age. A promising strategy aims at bringing nature inside through pervasive technologies. However, so far, there is little academic understanding of essential nature characteristics, psychological processes involved, and means for implementation in practice. The current study used a three-folded rapid review to assess current understanding and strategies used for improving well-being for older adults through virtual reality representations of nature. Searches were performed across three databases, followed-up by content-based evaluation of abstracts. In total, a set of 25 relevant articles was identified. Only three studies specifically focus on digital nature as an intervention strategy for improving well-being amongst older adults. Although these studies provide useful starting points for the design and (technological) development of such environments, they do not generate understanding of how specific characteristics of virtual nature representations impact social well-being measures in particular, and of the underlying psychological processes involved. We conclude that follow-up research is warranted to close the gap between insights and findings from nature research, gerontology, health research, and human-technology interaction.
PPARγregulatesfabp4expression to increase DHA content in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) hepatocytes
Authors: Lei Caixia , Fan Bin , Tian Jingjing , Li Mengmeng , Li Yuanyou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractN-3 long-chain (≥C20) PUFA (LC-PUFA) are vital fatty acids for fish and humans. As a main source ofn-3 LC-PUFA for human consumers, then-3 LC-PUFA content of farmed fish is important. Previously, we identified fatty acid-binding protein(fabp)-4as a candidate gene for regulating then-3 LC-PUFA content. Herein, we further assessed the role offabp4in this process. First, a 2059 bp promoter sequence offabp4inTrachinotus ovatuswas cloned and, using progressive deletion, determined −2006 bp to −1521 bp to be the core promoter sequence. ThePPAR-γbinding sites were predicted to occur in this region. A luciferase reporter assay showed that the promoter activity offabp4decreased following mutation of thePPARγbinding site and thatPPARγincreased thefabp4promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner, implying thatT. ovatus fabp4is a target ofPPARγ.The overexpression offabp4 or PPARγincreased the DHA content in hepatocytes, whereas suppression of their expression diminished this effect, suggesting that bothfabp4andPPARγplay an active role in regulating DHA content. Moreover, the inhibition offabp4attenuated the increase inPPARγ-mediated DHA content, and the overexpression offabp4alleviated this effect. Collectively, our findings indicated thatfabp4, which is controlled byPPARγ, plays an important role in DHA content regulation. The new regulation axis can be considered a promising novel target for increasing then-3 LC-PUFA content inT. ovatus.
Body Representation Alterations in Patients with Unilateral Brain Damage
Authors: Raimo Simona , Boccia Maddalena , Di Vita Antonella , Iona Teresa , Cropano Maria , Ammendolia Antonio , Colao Roberto , Angelillo Valentina , Maiorino Antonio , Guariglia Cecilia , Grossi Dario , Palermo Liana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:Systematic studies about the impact of unilateral brain damage on the different body representations (body schema, body structural representation, and body semantics) are still rare. Aim of this study was to evaluate body representation deficits in a relatively large sample of patients with unilateral brain damage and to investigate the impact of right or left brain damage on body representations (BRs), independently from deficits in other cognitive processes.Method:Sixty-four patients with unilateral stroke (22 with left brain damage, LBD; 31 with right brain damage without neglect, RBD-N; 11 with right brain damage with neglect, RBD+N) and 41 healthy individuals underwent a specific battery including BR as well as control tasks.Results:In more than a third of the sample, selective (37.5%) and pure (31%) deficits of BR were presented and equally distributed among the different BRs (˜10% for each representation), with selective (27.2%) and pure (22.7%) body schema deficit mainly presented after left brain damage. As a group, patients with unilateral brain damage, independently of the side of lesion (LBD, RBD-N, RBD+N), had significantly worse performance on body structural representation with respect to healthy individuals, whereas LBD had numerically worse performance on body schema with respect to healthy individuals and RBD-N. No significant differences among groups were found on body semantics.Conclusion:BR deficits are not a rare consequence of unilateral brain damage and are independent of a more general cognitive dysfunction. Accordingly, the need for an accurate assessment and specific neuropsychological training in clinical settings is discussed.
Eating patterns in a nationwide sample of Japanese aged 1–79 years from MINNADE study: eating frequency, clock time for eating, time spent on eating and variability of eating patterns
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , Livingstone M Barbara E , Masayasu Shizuko , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:Although there is growing evidence suggesting that eating patterns are important determinants of health status, comprehensive information on patterning of eating behaviours is almost lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe eating patterns in Japan.Design:Information on actual eating behaviours was collected using 2-d dietary record in each season over a year (total 8 d). Eating occasions were defined as any discrete intake occasion (with a discrete start clock time and name) except for eating occasions consisting of water only, which were excluded.Setting:Japan.Participants:A nationwide sample of 4032 Japanese aged 1–79 years.Results:The mean value of eating frequency of meals (i.e. breakfast, lunch and dinner), snacks and total eating occasions was 2·94, 1·74 and 4·68 times/d, respectively. The mean clock time for the start of breakfast, lunch and dinner was 07.24, 12.29 and 19.15 h, respectively. The mean time spent consuming breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks was 19, 25, 34 and 27 min/d, respectively. On average, variability (i.e. average of absolute difference from mean) of meal frequency was small compared with that of snack frequency and total eating frequency. Both mean variability of clock time for the start of eating (<1 h) and mean variability of time spent on meals (<10 min/d) were also small. Conversely, mean variability of time spent on snacks was large (>18 min/d).Conclusion:The present findings serve as both a reference and an indication for future research on patterning of eating behaviours.
Diagnostic Simulations of the Lunar Sodium Tail and Bright Spot
Authors: Lee Dong‐Wook , Kim Sang‐Joon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNumerical simulations of the lunar sodium tail and its bright sodium spot are presented. As an attempt to do reverse engineering to understand the lunar sodium exosphere, we simulated velocity distributions of the sodium tail and its bright spot that emerges in the night sky around new Moon phases. In this work, three physical sodium sources (i.e., photon‐stimulated desorption [PSD], solar‐wind ion sputtering [SIS], meteor impact vaporization [MIV]), the dust anisotropy effect reported by Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE), three gravitational sources (i.e., the Moon, the Earth, and the Sun), and variable solar radiation pressure effects are considered. We simulated velocity distributions of the lunar bright spot considering different source contribution ratios and their temperatures in order to find the best initial parameters which can account for the important observed recessional velocity of 12.4 km/s by Mierkiewicz et al. (2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027650). We found that the upper limits of Maxwellian temperatures of 1,800 K for the PSD and 2,500 K for the MIV and that the best contribution ratio of the three major sodium sources (i.e., PSD: SIS: MIV) is found at the case of 2: 1: 3 (i.e., MIV dominant). Based on the previous brightness observations of the bright spot, the total production rate of the lunar sodium is estimated to usually vary between 0.4 and 1.3 × 1022/s. We introduce an interesting event in the lunar sodium tail, the Sodium Ring phenomena, which can occur transiently during the total solar eclipse due to the umbra and penumbra effects of the Earth.
RNF8 ubiquitinates RecQL4 and promotes its dissociation from DNA double strand breaks
Authors: Tan Qunsong , Niu Kaifeng , Zhu Yuqi , Chen Zixiang , Li Yueyang , Li Mengge , Wei Di , Balajee Adayabalam S. , Fang Hongbo , Zhao Yongliang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUbiquitination-dependent DNA damage response (DDR) signals play a critical role in the cellular choice of DNA damage repair pathways. Human DNA helicase RecQL4 participates in DNA replication and repair, and loss of RecQL4 is associated with autosomal recessive genetic disorders characterized by genomic instability features. In an earlier study, RecQL4 was isolated as a stable complex that contained two ubiquitin ligases of the N-end rule (UBR1 and UBR2). However, it is unknown whether or not RecQL4 ubiquitination status is critical for its DNA repair function. Here, we report that RecQL4 directly interacts with RNF8 (a RING finger ubiquitin E3 ligase), and both co-localize at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites. Our findings indicate that RNF8 ubiquitinates RecQL4 protein mainly at the lysine sites of 876, 1048, and 1101, thereby facilitating the dissociation of RecQL4 from DSB sites. RecQL4 mutant at ubiquitination sites had a significantly prolonged retention at DSBs, which hinders the recruitment of its direct downstream DSB repair proteins (CtIP & Ku80). Interestingly, reduced DSB repair capacity observed in RecQL4 depleted cells was restored only by the reconstitution of wild-type RecQL4, but not the ubiquitination mutant. Additionally, RecQL4 directly interacts with WRAP53β that is known to recruit RNF8 to DSBs and WRAP53β enhances the association of RecQL4 with RNF8. WRAP53β silencing resulted in a nearly diminished recruitment of RNF8 to DSBs and in a greatly attenuated dissociation of RecQL4 from the DSB sites. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the ubiquitination event mediated by RNF8 constitutes an essential component for RecQL4’s function in DSB repair.
Prognostic significance of interleukin-17A-producing colorectal tumour antigen-specific T cells
Authors: Thomson Amanda , Bento Diana F. Costa , Scurr Martin J. , Smart Kathryn , Somerville Michelle S. , Keita Åsa V. , Gallimore Awen , Godkin Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The T cell cytokine profile is a key prognostic indicator of post-surgical outcome for colorectal cancer (CRC). Whilst TH1 (IFN-γ+) cell-mediated responses generated in CRC are well documented and are associated with improved survival, antigen-specific TH17 (IL-17A+) responses have not been similarly measured.

Methods
We sought to determine the cytokine profile of circulating tumour antigen-(5T4/CEA) specific T cells of 34 CRC patients to address whether antigen-specific IL-17A responses were detectable and whether these were distinct to IFN-γ responses.

Results
As with IFN-γ-producing T cells, anti-5T4/CEA TH17 responses were detectable predominantly in early stage (TNM I/II) CRC patients. Moreover, whilst IL-17A was always produced in association with IFN-γ, this release was mainly from two distinct T cell populations rather than by ‘dual producing’ T cells. Patients mounting both tumour-specific TH1+/TH17+ responses exhibited prolonged relapse-free survival.

Conclusions
Tumour antigen-specific TH17 responses play a beneficial role in preventing post-operative colorectal tumour recurrence.
Long noncoding RNA LINC01291 promotes the aggressive properties of melanoma by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA-625-5p and subsequently increasing IGF-1R expression
Authors: Wu Lijun , Li Ke , Lin Wei , Liu Jianjiang , Qi Qiang , Shen Guoliang , Chen Weixin , He Wenjun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudies have confirmed the relationship between dysregulated long noncoding RNAs and melanoma pathogenesis. However, the regulatory functions of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1291 (LINC01291) in melanoma remain unknown. Therefore, we evaluated LINC01291 expression in melanoma and explored its roles in regulating tumor behaviors. Further, the molecular events via which LINC01291 affects melanoma cells were investigated. LINC01291 expression in melanoma cells was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas database and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional assays, including the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, cell migration and invasion assays, and tumor xenograft models, were used to examine LINC01291’s role in melanoma cells. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, and western blotting were conducted to determine the tumor-promoting mechanism of LINC01291. LINC01291 was upregulated in melanoma tissues and cell lines. Following LINC01291 knockdown, cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion were diminished, whereas apoptosis was enhanced and the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1. In addition, loss of LINC01291 decreased the chemoresistance of melanoma cells to cisplatin. Furthermore, LINC01291 interference inhibited melanoma tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC01291 functions as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging microRNA-625-5p (miR-625-5p) in melanoma cells and maintaining insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression. Rescue experiments revealed that the roles induced by LINC01291 depletion in melanoma cells could be reversed by suppressing miR-625-5p or overexpressing IGF-1R. Our study identified the LINC01291/miR-625-5p/IGF-1R competing endogenous RNA pathway in melanoma cells, which may represent a novel diagnostic biomarker and an effective therapeutic target for melanoma.
Granzyme B mediates impaired healing of pressure injuries in aged skin
Authors: Turner Christopher T. , Bolsoni Juliana , Zeglinski Matthew R. , Zhao Hongyan , Ponomarev Tatjana , Richardson Katlyn , Hiroyasu Sho , Schmid Erin , Papp Anthony , Granville David J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPressure injuries (PIs), also known as bedsores or pressure ulcers, are a major cause of death and morbidity in the elderly. The serine protease, Granzyme B (GzmB), contributes to skin aging and impaired wound healing. Aging is a major risk factor for PIs; thus, the role of GzmB in PI pathogenesis was investigated. GzmB levels in human PI tissue and wound fluids were markedly elevated. A causative role for GzmB was assessed in GzmB knockout (GzmB−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice using a murine model of PI. An apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) model of aging and vascular dysfunction was also utilized to assess GzmB in a relevant age-related model better resembling tissue perfusion in the elderly. PI severity displayed no difference between young GzmB−/− and WT mice. However, in aged mice, PI severity was reduced in mice lacking GzmB. Mechanistically, GzmB increased vascular wall inflammation and impaired extracellular matrix remodeling. Together, GzmB is an important contributor to age-dependent impaired PI healing.