bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two cases of colonic tumors observed by linked color imaging and texture and color enhancement imaging with the tablet‐image comparison method
Authors: Tomita Yuri , Yoshida Naohisa , Inoue Ken , Hashimoto Hikaru , Sugino Satoshi , Hirose Ryohei , Dohi Osamu , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn endoscope system using 5‐color light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) (EVIS X1: CV‐1500, Olympus Co., Tokyo, Japan) was released worldwide in July 2020. In addition to the improvement of narrow band imaging (NBI), this system enables texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI). TXI makes the lesion reddish and supports better visibility of colorectal lesions in comparison to white light imaging for improving lesion detection. On the other hand, another 4‐color LED endoscope system (ELUXEO: BL‐7000; Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) has been on the market in the West since 2017. This system enables blue light imaging (BLI) and linked color imaging (LCI). Generally, the accurate comparison between two images obtained by two different endoscope systems is difficult. To resolve this problem, we developed a method named the tablet‐image comparison (TIC) method. TIC is a simple, easy, and paperless method to get images under similar conditions of two endoscope systems for an accurate comparison. We herein report two colorectal lesions in which accurate comparisons of images between TXI and LCI and between improved NBI and BLI obtained in the EVIS X1 and ELUXEO systems were performed using the TIC method. One was IIa 30 mm (high‐grade dysplasia) and the other was IIa 25 mm (low‐grade adenoma). A detailed comparison between TXI and LCI could be performed by TIC. In these two cases, with a distant view, TXI showed greater redness than LCI. LCI showed slightly higher brightness than TXI. In magnified TXI and LCI, the irregularities observed were similar to NBI and BLI, respectively.
Endoscopic closure using an over‐the‐scope clip for pancreatobiliary endoscopy‐related large gastrointestinal perforation (with video)
Authors: Fujita Akashi , Tashima Tomoaki , Tanisaka Yuki , Mizuide Masafumi , Ogawa Tomoya , Saito Yoichi , Katsuda Hiromune , Miyaguchi Kazuya , Mashimo Yumi , Nakano Yuya , Terada Rie , Jinushi Ryuhei , Ryozawa Shomei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for pancreatobiliary diseases require advanced techniques. We usually use an oblique‐viewing endoscope in such procedures. Sometimes, tumor invasion causes gastrointestinal strictures. Crossing a stricture using an oblique‐viewing endoscope is more difficult than using a forward‐viewing scope. Therefore, the frequency of scope perforation is higher than other endoscopic procedures. Although surgical repair for gastrointestinal perforations caused by endoscopes has been performed, patients with pancreatobiliary diseases are often elderly and in poor general condition; therefore, patients are hesitant to undergo surgical treatments. Recently, the usefulness of over‐the‐scope clipping (OTSC) as a minimally invasive rescue method has also been reported. In this study, we report cases of successful endoscopic closure using OTSC for gastrointestinal perforations caused by endoscopes in ERCP and EUS‐related procedures. After those procedures, all cases showed no abnormalities in blood tests or symptoms, and emergency surgery was successfully avoided. Thus, endoscopic closure using OTSC for pancreatobiliary endoscopy‐related gastrointestinal perforations is safe and effective. However, OTSC requires some expertise. A good assessment of defect size and careful insertion of the scope using OTSC attached to the upper esophagus are needed to avoid clip migration or disinsertion and esophageal tears. Therefore, endoscopic closure using OTSC could be the first choice of treatment for pancreatobiliary endoscopy‐related gastrointestinal perforations. We should be familiar with its indication and perform it carefully and rapidly.
A consistent energy integral model for a film over a substrate featuring topographies
Authors: Pal Sanjib Kr , Sanyasiraju Yedida V. S. S. , Usha Ranganathan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA depth‐averaged model, based on energy integral method (EIM) has been employed to capture the steady‐state free surface profiles in a gravity‐driven thin film flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid over inclined substrates with topographical features. The model incorporates inertial effects, energy balance and is consistent up to , where , is the film thickness parameter. The governing equations are solved using a meshless numerical scheme based on radial basis functions. The predictions of the effects of inertia, inclination of the substrate, and aspect ratio of the topographical features are compared with the available finite‐element solutions and experimental observations. The steady‐state profiles generated using the EIM equations are in close agreement with the experimental observations. Being a consistent model, EIM model predictions are expected to be more reliable and accurate than the results based on the depth averaged form of the momentum equations, which are known to be not consistent. This feature is the motivating factor for the present work which is also a first attempt in implementing the meshless numerical scheme to free surface problems. The analysis paves a way for similar investigations on three‐dimensional flows related to film flow over chemically patterned substrates.
In vitro study of the effect of quinoa and quinoa polysaccharides on human gut microbiota
Authors: Zeyneb Hitache , Pei Hairun , Cao Xueli , Wang Yuxin , Win Yumon , Gong Lingxiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt has been shown that whole grains and dietary fiber are important for their fermentation characteristics in the large intestine, drawing more and more attention to quinoa and quinoa polysaccharides. In this study, we evaluated the prebiotic effect of quinoa seeds and quinoa polysaccharides after human simulated digestion. The modulatory effect of the quinoa and quinoa polysaccharides (QPs) on the gut microbiota was evaluated by the in vitro fermentation using human fecal microbiota. The yield of polysaccharides extraction was 15.45%. The digestibility of the cooked and uncooked quinoa after simulation of human digestion was 69.04% and 64.09%, respectively. The effect on the microbiota composition and their metabolic products was determined by the assessment of pH, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and changes in the bacterial population. After 24 hr anaerobic incubation, the total SCFAs of cooked, uncooked quinoa, and quinoa polysaccharides were 82.99, 77.11, and 82.73 mM, respectively with a pH decrease. At the phylum, genus, and class level, it has been found that the quinoa substrates enhance the growth of certain beneficial bacteria such as Prevotella and Bacteroides. Quinoa polysaccharides can be considered prebiotic due to their ability to increase Bifidobacterium and Collinsella. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there was a distinct modulating effect on the fecal microbiota which represents different distribution. Our research suggests that quinoa and quinoa polysaccharides have a prebiotic potential due to their association with the positive shifts in microbiota composition and short‐chain fatty acids production, which highlights the importance of further studies around this topic.
Androgen receptor‐neuroendocrine double‐negative tumor with squamous differentiation arising from treatment‐refractory metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Sawazaki Harutake , Asano Atsushi , Kitamura Yosuke , Katsuta Jumpei , Ito Yuji 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionTreatment‐refractory metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease classified into androgen receptor‐high prostate cancer, androgen receptor‐low prostate cancer, amphicrine prostate cancer co‐expressing androgen receptor and neuroendocrine genes, double‐negative prostate cancer lacking androgen receptor and neuroendocrine gene expression, and small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer without androgen receptor activity. Double‐negative tumors can convert to the squamous phenotype.Case presentationA 62‐year‐old man was newly diagnosed with prostate cancer (serum prostate‐specific antigen 2613 ng/mL, Gleason score 4 + 5 = 9, cT3aN1M1b) that progressed to castration resistance 4 months after starting abiraterone with androgen deprivation therapy. After enzalutamide and docetaxel failed, a right ilium metastasis newly emerged. Needle biopsy confirmed a metastatic tumor with squamous differentiation that was CK5/6‐positive and chromogranin A‐, synaptophysin‐, and androgen receptor‐negative.ConclusionWe encountered a case of double‐negative prostate cancer with squamous differentiation identified by needle biopsy of a right ilium metastasis after abiraterone, enzalutamide, and docetaxel failure.
Tuning the metal–ligand bond in theσ‐complexes of stannylenes and azabenzenes
Authors: Bankiewicz Barbara , Kupfer Stephan , Matczak Piotr 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe metal–ligand bond in a set of 60σ‐complexes has been investigated by electronic structure computations. Theseσ‐complexes originate from the unique combination of 12 stannylenes (SnX2) with five azabenzene ligands (pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and s‐triazine), where the nitrogen center of the ligand acts asσ‐donor and the tin(II) center asσ‐acceptor in a 1:1 fashion. The Sn ← N bond and the total interaction between the stannylene and azabenzene moieties of theσ‐complexes are characterized in depth to relate the Sn ← N strength to the substitution pattern at SnX2and to the number and the positioning of N atoms in the azabenzenes. Such X substituents as (iso)cyano and trifluoromethyl groups enhance the interaction strength, while the presence of alkyl, phenyl, and silyl substituents in SnX2diminishes the stability ofσ‐complexes. A gradual weakening of the total interaction is associated with the growing number of N atoms in the azabenzenes, while the N‐atom positioning in pyridazine is particularly effective in strengthening the interaction with stannylenes. Variations in the Sn ← N bond strength usually follow those in the total interaction between the moieties but the interacting quantum atoms picture of Sn ← N reveals certain intriguing exceptions.
Magnetic field‐assisted photochemical oxidation of benzyl alcohol to corresponding aldehydes by introducing TiO2(P25)‐ZnO/Fe3+ as a novel nanophotocatalyst
Authors: Fallahnezhad Saied , Amoozadeh Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor the first time, the surface modification of nanophotocatalyst TiO2(P25)‐ZnO was reported by the introduction of Fe3+ for modulation of the photocatalytic activity. The nanophotocatalyst TiO2(P25)‐ZnO/Fe3+ was synthesized and its crystal structure, morphology, and photocatalytic activity were well determined by, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope analyses. The photocatalyst was applied for the selective oxidation of different aryl alcohols to the respective aldehyde beneath visible light (blue LED lamp, λ > 420 nm) in the presence of nitrate ion as oxidant. Also, for the first time, the effect of presence of an external magnetic field (5,000 G) contemporary with photoreaction was studied simultaneously by applying an external magnet field of 5,000 G and valuable results were obtained so that the time of photoreaction declined considerably up to 65%. This study has many advantages like the use of a magnetic field as a green technology, being clean, and zero energy. Also, the photoreaction did stop at the stage of aldehyde to provide a considerable selectivity.
Joint associations of parental personality traits and socio‐economic position with trajectories of offspring depression: Findings from up to 6925 families in a UK birth cohort
Authors: Cadman Tim , Kwong Alex S. F. , Moran Paul , O’Mahen Heather , Culpin Iryna , Lawlor Deborah A. , Pearson Rebecca M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundParental personality may influence the course of offspring depression but epidemiological evidence for associations is lacking. It is also unknown whether associations between parental personality and offspring depression differ by socio‐economic position (SEP). Our aims were to describe the trajectories of depressive symptoms across adolescence of offspring of parents with and without maladaptive personality traits and to test for effect modification by SEP.MethodsA longitudinal study in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort (ns = 3054–7046). Exposures were binary measures of maladaptive maternal and paternal personality traits. The outcome was depressive symptoms measured over nine occasions (ages 11–24) using the short mood and feelings questionnaire (SMFQ; range: 0–26). Effect modifiers were parental education and self‐reported material hardship. Multilevel growth curve models were used to estimate trajectories.Resultsoffspring of mothers with high (vs. low) maladaptive traits showed higher levels of depressive symptoms at multiple ages of adolescence, the greatest of which was observed at age 22 (predicted SMFQ difference age 10 = 0.66, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.25 to 1.28; age 22 = 1.00, CI: 0.51 to 1.50). There was weaker and inconsistent evidence of an association between paternal maladaptive personality and offspring depressive symptoms (SMFQ difference age 10 = 0.21, CI: −0.58 to 0.99; age 22 = 0.02, CI: −0.94 to 0.90). Lower SEP was also associated with higher offspring depressive symptoms (SMFQ difference material hardship vs. no hardship age 10 = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.46 to 1.13; age 22 = 0.96, CI: 0.56 to 1.36). There was minimal statistical evidence for effect modification.ConclusionsThe offspring of mothers with high levels of maladaptive personality traits show evidence of greater depressive symptoms throughout adolescence although the absolute increase in symptoms is small. Evidence for the associations with fathers' personality was weaker. Socio‐economic position and maladaptive personality traits appear to be independent risk factors for offspring depressive symptoms.
Neurostructural correlates of retinal microvascular caliber in adolescent bipolar disorder
Authors: Mio Megan , Kennedy Kody G. , Dimick Mikaela , Sultan Alysha , Fiksenbaum Lisa , Selkirk Beth , Kertes Peter , McCrindle Brian W. , Black Sandra E. , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Goldstein Benjamin I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesVascular‐brain associations are well established in adults but neglected in youth and psychiatric populations, who are at greater cardiovascular risk. We therefore examined the association of retinal vascular caliber with regional brain structure in adolescents with and without bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsOne hundred and three adolescents (n = 51 BD, n = 52 healthy control [HC]) completed retinal fundus imaging, yielding arteriolar and venular diameters, followed by T1‐weighted 3‐Tesla MRI. Region of interest (ROI) analyses examined ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, and hippocampus, complemented by vertex‐wise analyses. Linear regression assessed the association between retinal measures and brain structure, adjusting for covariates including age, sex, BMI, and intracranial volume (ICV).ResultsIn the overall sample, arteriolar caliber was negatively associated with ACC volume (β = −0.20, puncorrected = .046) and surface area (β = −0.19, puncorrected = .049). There were no other significant ROI findings. Vertex‐wise analyses detected several significant positive bilateral associations of arteriovenous ratio (AVR) with volume and surface area in regions including rostral middle frontal gyrus (left p = .001; right p = .006), isthmus cingulate cortex (left and right p < .001), and left precuneus (p < .001). Significant negative associations were also observed for AVR (p = .03) and arteriolar caliber (p = .01), including a cluster encompassing the left rostral middle frontal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortical thickness. In the sole retinal‐by‐diagnosis interaction, greater AVR was more strongly associated with lower volume in the left middle temporal and fusiform gyri in BD versus HC (p = .004).ConclusionThis study provides evidence that vascular‐brain associations are already evident in adolescence, suggesting that optimizing cardiovascular health may benefit the brain. This may be particularly relevant in BD and other brain disorders. Future research focusing on subpopulations where vascular‐brain associations may be especially strong, for whom vascular‐related interventions may be most indicated, is warranted.
Projected changes in the season of hot days in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Varela Rubén , Rodríguez‐Díaz Laura , Barriopedro David , de Castro Maite , Costoya Xurxo , García‐Herrera Ricardo , Gómez‐Gesteira Moncho 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study analyses changes in the timing and duration of the hot days season over the Middle East and North Africa region from 1970 to 2099 using model simulations of 11 regional models from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment under the RCP8.5 scenario. In general, a non‐symmetrical lengthening of the hot days season is projected, with a tendency to extend more into spring than into autumn. By the end of the century and the RCP8.5 scenario, Western Africa and the Persian Gulf display a hot days season starting 60 days earlier than in the historical period (1970–1999) (May vs. July, respectively). Southernmost latitudes are the most affected by a later retreat of the hot days season, of up to 60 days with respect to the historical period (October vs. August). The length of the extreme season is projected to increase between 100 and 120 days for the southernmost latitudes and the Persian Gulf resulting in nearly four more months with hot days conditions.
Raman spectroscopy in cell biology and microbiology
Authors: Pezzotti Giuseppe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Raman spectrum of living cells and microorganisms contains highly specific fingerprint‐like signatures, useful in unequivocally identifying different species and interpreting physiological and metabolic responses to environmental stressors. In situ Raman imaging with dedicated highly sensitive instruments can translate selected spectroscopic fingerprints into vivid snapshots of molecular species or specific physiological reactions. Time‐lapse experiments, crucial in characterizing growth‐dependent phenomena and metabolic response to drugs or substrates, are possible because Raman imaging is life compatible. This review covers miscellaneous examples of Raman analyses and imaging of eukaryotic cells, bacteria, and viruses. Fundamental microbiological analyses covered here include (i) identification of different species of cells, bacteria, and viruses; (ii) characterization of the metabolic responses of cells and bacteria to different substrates; (iii) time‐lapse analyses of cell metabolic reactions upon viral inoculation; (iv) chemical imaging of axon sprouting in neuronal cells; and (v) visualization of the myelinating activity of living Schwann cells in coculture with neuronal cells. The spectroscopic findings displayed here, which are based on a machine learning approach applied to Raman analysis and imaging, demonstrate the invaluable potential for Raman spectroscopy in biophysics research.
Lipid profiling using Raman and a modified support vector machine algorithm
Authors: Potcoava Mariana C. , Futia Gregory L. , Gibson Emily A. , Schlaepfer Isabel R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLipid droplets are dynamic organelles that play important cellular roles. They are composed of a phospholipid membrane and a core of triglycerides and sterol esters. Fatty acids have important roles in phospholipid membrane formation, signaling, and synthesis of triglycerides as energy storage. Better non‐invasive tools for profiling and measuring cellular lipids are needed. Here we demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy to determine with high accuracy the composition changes of the fatty acids and cholesterol found in the lipid droplets of prostate cancer cells treated with various fatty acids. The methodology uses a modified least squares fitting (LSF) routine that uses highly discriminatory wavenumbers between the fatty acids present in the sample using a support vector machine algorithm. Using this new LSF routine, Raman micro‐spectroscopy can become a better non‐invasive tool for profiling and measuring fatty acids and cholesterol for cancer biology.
Effect of red light on the composition of metabolites in tea leaves during the withering process using untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Lin Jiazheng , Liu Fei , Zhou Xiaofen , Tu Zheng , Chen Lin , Wang Yuwan , Yang Yunfei , Wu Xun , Lv Haowei , Zhu Hongkai , Ye Yang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRed light withering significantly improves the sensory flavor qualities of tea, although changes in metabolites during this process have not been systematically studied until now. The present study comprehensively analyzes metabolites in withered tea leaves at 2‐h intervals up to 12 h under red light (630 nm) and dark conditions using ultra performance liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry (untargeted metabolomics).RESULTSNinety‐four non‐volatile compounds are identified and relatively quantified, including amino acids, catechins, dimeric catechins, flavonol glycosides, glycosidically‐bound volatiles, phenolic acids and nucleosides. The results show that amino acids, catechins and dimeric catechins are most affected by red light treatment. Ten free amino acids, theaflavins and theasinensin A increase after red light irradiation, whereas epigallocatechin gallate and catechin fall.CONCLUSIONThe present study provides a comprehensive and systematic profile of the dynamic effects of red light on withering tea and a rationale for its use in tea processing quality control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Kinetic modeling of Fischer–Tropsch‐to‐olefins process via advanced optimization
Authors: Turan Abdullah Zahid , Ataç Özlem , Kurucu Oğuz Alp , Ersöz Atilla , Sarıoğlan Alper , Okutan Hasancan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe reaction kinetics of a Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process to produce lower olefins was modeled utilizing the experimental data produced using an in‐house synthesized iron‐based catalyst. Along with FT chain growth reaction that is assumed to follow alkyl mechanism, water–gas shift reaction was also taken into consideration due to its significance. Not only the rate constants but also apparent activation energies were obtained via an integrated approach utilizing multiobjective and constrained nonlinear minimization methods in order to define a model valid at a temperature range instead of a single point. The adaption of a hybrid optimization method utilizing both population‐ and individual‐based techniques enhanced prediction accuracy compared with the case where only multiobjective genetic algorithm is used. Thanks to the developed model, the effect of process parameters on product distribution was investigated. Finally, the kinetic model was compared with Anderson–Schulz–Flory model and the deviations observed were discussed.