bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The burden of isolation to the individual: a comparison between isolation for COVID-19 and for other influenza-like illnesses in Japan
Authors: Tsuzuki Shinya , Ohmagari Norio , Beutels Philippe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
At present, there is scarce evidence about the burden associated with the isolation of COVID-19 patients. We aimed to assess the differences between COVID-19 and other influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) in disease burden brought by isolation. We conducted an online survey of 302 respondents who had COVID-19 or other ILIs and compared the burden of isolation due to sickness with one-to-one propensity score matching. The primary outcomes are the duration and productivity losses associated with isolation, the secondary outcome is the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) valuation on the day of the survey. Acute symptoms of outpatient COVID-19 and other ILIs lasted 17 (interquartile range (IQR) 9–32) and 7 (IQR 4–10) days, respectively. The length of isolation due to COVID-19 was 18 (IQR 10–33) days and that due to other ILIs was 7 (IQR 4–11) days, respectively. The monetary productivity loss of isolation due to COVID-19 was 1424.3 (IQR 825.6–2545.5) USD and that due to other ILIs was 606.1 (IQR 297.0–1090.9) USD, respectively. HRQoL at the time of the survey was lower in the COVID-19 group than in the ‘other ILIs’ group (0.89 and 0.96, P = 0.001). COVID-19 infection imposes a substantial disease burden, even in patients with non-severe disease. This burden is larger for COVID-19 than other ILIs, mainly because the required isolation period is longer.
Seroepidemiological survey on pigs and cattle for novel K88 (F4)-like colonisation factor detected in human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Tanimoto Yoshihiko , Inoue Miyoko , Komatsu Kana , Odani Atsuyuki , Wada Takayuki , Kage-Nakadai Eriko , Nishikawa Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that express various fimbrial or nonfimbrial colonisation factors (CFs) and enterotoxins are critical causes of diarrhoeal diseases. Human ETEC serotype O169:H41 (O169) has been a representative of epidemic ETEC worldwide; the organism shows massive adherence to HEp-2 cells similar to enteroaggregative E. coli. Previously, we determined the complete sequence of the unstable virulence plasmid, pEntYN10. The plasmid included a unique set of genes encoding a novel CF resembling K88 (F4) of porcine ETEC, in addition to CS6, a well-known representative CF of human ETEC, and another novel CF similar to CS8 (CFA/III) of human ETEC. In the present study, we focused on K88-like CF (hereafter, K88O169) that may allow the organisms to infect domestic livestock like original K88-harbouring strains that can cause diarrhoea in piglets. Samples were tested for antibodies against recombinant proteins of possible paralogous adhesins, FaeG1 and FaeG2, from K88O169 and the FaeG of typical K88 (F4). The seroepidemiological study using recombinant antigens (two paralogs FaeG1 and FaeG2 from K88O169) showed reactivity of porcine (18.0%) and bovine (17.1%) sera to K88O169 FaeG1 and/or FaeG2 antigens on indirect ELISA tests. These results suggest that E. coli with K88O169 adhesin can infect various hosts, including pigs and cattle. This is the first report of domestic livestock having antibodies to K88O169 of human ETEC. Although human ETEC had been thought to be distinguished from those of domestic animals based on CFs, zoonotic strains may conceal themselves among human ETEC organisms. The concept of One Health should be adopted to intervene in ETEC infections among animals and humans.
Olive oil and wine as source of multi-target agents in the prevention of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Silva Paula , Rodríguez-Pérez María , Gómez-Torres Óscar , Burgos-Ramos Emma 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOlive oil and wine are consumed daily worldwide, and they constitute the fundamental pillars of the healthy Mediterranean diet. Polyphenolic compounds, naturally present in both olive oil and wine, are responsible for their beneficial properties. Current studies have shown the neuroprotective effects of polyphenols independently of their well-known antioxidant action. In this work, we have focused on reviewing the protective effect of polyphenols from extra virgin olive oil and wine in Alzheimer´s disease (AD), to emphasise that both foods could be a possible therapeutic tool. Beneficial effects have been described in β-aggregation, neurofibrillary tangles, autophagy and mitochondrial function, as well as in cerebral insulin resistance. Furthermore, to date, a harmful dose has not been described. Both pre-clinical and clinical works demonstrate that polyphenols act on neuropathological and cognitive disorders of AD, preventing or stopping the onset of this devastating disease. However, there are certain limitations in these studies, since it is very difficult to research diseases that lead to cognitive impairment. Although all the findings obtained are very encouraging, more studies should be carried out investigating the use of the polyphenols from olive oil and wine as therapeutic agents in the progression of AD. Therefore, more longitudinal studies in humans with a homogeneous cohort of patients are necessary to corroborate the efficacy of these nutraceuticals, as well as determine the most appropriate dose for this purpose.
Pre-pandemic psychological and behavioral predictors of responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in nine countries
Authors: Lansford Jennifer E. , Skinner Ann T. , Godwin Jennifer , Chang Lei , Deater-Deckard Kirby , Di Giunta Laura , Dodge Kenneth A. , Gurdal Sevtap , Liu Qin , Long Qian , Oburu Paul , Pastorelli Concetta , Sorbring Emma , Steinberg Laurence , Tapanya Sombat , Uribe Tirado Liliana Maria , Yotanyamaneewong Saengduean , Alampay Liane Peña , Al-Hassan Suha M. , Bacchini Dario , Bornstein Marc H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrior to the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents (N = 1,330; Mages = 15 and 16; 50% female), mothers, and fathers from nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, United States) reported on adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems, adolescents completed a lab-based task to assess tendency for risk-taking, and adolescents reported on their well-being. During the pandemic, participants (Mage = 20) reported on changes in their internalizing, externalizing, and substance use compared to before the pandemic. Across countries, adolescents’ internalizing problems pre-pandemic predicted increased internalizing during the pandemic, and poorer well-being pre-pandemic predicted increased externalizing and substance use during the pandemic. Other relations varied across countries, and some were moderated by confidence in the government’s handling of the pandemic, gender, and parents’ education.
Mitral valve perforation, a hole-in-one for 3-dimensional echocardiography
Authors: Wilkes J. Kevin , Adachi Iki , Sachdeva Shagun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMitral valve perforation is an uncommon aetiology of mitral regurgitation in the paediatric population. We present a case where 3-dimensional echocardiography assisted in the diagnosis of the source of mitral regurgitation and the surgical correlation.
Twenty-year trends in use of electroconvulsive therapy among homeless and domiciled veterans with mental illness
Authors: Tsai Jack , Szymkowiak Dorota , Wilkinson Samuel T. , Holtzheimer Paul E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo examine socioeconomic disparities in use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) among homeless or unstably housed (HUH) veterans with mental illness.MethodsNational data from medical records in years 2000 to 2019 on 4 to 6 million veterans with mental illness, including 140 000 to 370 000 homeless veterans served annually from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system, were analyzed to examine ECT utilization and changes in utilization over time.ResultsECT utilization was higher among HUH veterans (58–104 per 1000) than domiciled veterans with mental illness (9–15 per 1000) across years with a trend toward increasing use of ECT use among HUH veterans over time. Among HUH and domiciled veterans who received ECT, veterans received an average of 5 to 9 sessions of ECT. There were great regional differences in rates of ECT utilization among HUH and domiciled veterans with the highest overall rates of ECT use at VA facilities in the Northeast and Northwest regions of the country.DiscussionECT is commonly and safely used in HUH veterans in a comprehensive healthcare system, but geographic and local factors may impede access to ECT for veterans who may benefit from this treatment. Efforts should be made to reduce barriers to ECT in the HUH population.
Relationship Between Self-Reported Concomitant Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and the Post-Concussion Symptoms Scale (PCSS)
Authors: Thomas Garrett A. , Riegler Kaitlin E. , Guty Erin T. , Arnett Peter A. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:The current study explored how affective disturbances, particularly concomitant anxiety and depressive symptoms, impact baseline symptom self-reporting on the Post-Concussion Symptoms Scale (PCSS) in college athletes.Methods:Athletes were separated into four groups (Healthy Control (HC) (n = 581), Depression Only (n = 136), Anxiety Only (n = 54), Concomitant Depression/Anxiety (n = 62)) based on their anxiety and depression scores. Groups were compared on Total PCSS Score as well as 5 PCSS Symptom Cluster scores (Cognitive, Physical, Affective, Sleep, and Headache).Results:The three affective groups reported significantly greater symptomatology than HCs, with the Concomitant group showing the highest symptomatology scores across all clusters. The depressive symptoms only group also reported significantly elevated symptomatology, compared to HCs, on every symptom cluster except headache. The anxiety symptoms only group differed from HCs on only the cognitive symptoms cluster. Additionally, the Concomitant group reported significantly increased PCSS symptomatology, in terms of total scores and all 5 symptom clusters, compared to the depressive symptoms only and anxiety symptoms only groups.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that athletes experiencing concomitant depressive/anxiety symptoms report significantly greater levels of symptomatology across all 5 PCSS symptom clusters compared to HCs. Further, results suggest that athletes experiencing concomitant affective disturbance tend to report greater symptomatology than those with only one affective disturbance. These findings are important because, despite the absence of concussion, the concomitant group demonstrated significantly elevated symptomatology at baseline. Thus, future comparisons with post-concussion data should account for this increased symptomatology, as test results may be skewed by affective disturbances at baseline.
Potential impacts of policies to reduce purchasing of ultra-processed foods in Mexico at different stages of the social transition: an agent-based modelling approach
Authors: Langellier Brent A , Stankov Ivana , Hammond Ross A , Bilal Usama , Auchincloss Amy H , Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh , Cardoso Leticia de Oliveira , Diez Roux Ana V 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectives:To develop a simulation framework for assessing how combinations of taxes, nutrition warning labels and advertising levels could affect purchasing of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in Latin American countries and to understand whether policies reinforce or reduce pre-existing social disparities in UPF consumption.Design:We developed an agent-based simulation model using international evidence regarding the effect of price, nutrition warning labels and advertising on UPF purchasing.Setting:We estimated policy effects in scenarios representing two stages of the ‘social transition’ in UPF purchasing: (1) a pre-transition scenario, where UPF purchasing is higher among high-income households, similar to patterns in Mexico; and (2) a post-transition scenario where UPF purchasing is highest among low-income households, similar to patterns in Chile.Participants:A population of 1000 individual agents with levels of age, income, educational attainment and UPF purchasing similar to adult women in Mexico.Results:A 20 % tax would decrease purchasing by 24 % relative to baseline in both the pre- and post-transition scenarios, an effect that is similar in magnitude to that of a nutrition warning label policy. A 50 % advertising increase or decrease had a comparatively small effect. Nutrition warning labels were most effective among those with higher levels of educational attainment. Labelling reduced inequities in the pre-transition scenario (i.e. highest UPF purchasing among the highest socio-economic group) but widened inequities in the post-transition scenario.Conclusions:Effective policy levers are available to reduce UPF purchasing, but policymakers should anticipate that equity impacts will differ depending on existing social patterns in UPF purchasing.
COVID-19 pandemic and the great impulse to telemedicine: the basis of the WONCA Europe Statement on Telemedicine at the WHO Europe 70th Regional Meeting September 2020
Authors: Petrazzuoli Ferdinando , Kurpas Donata , Vinker Shlomo , Sarkisova Valentina , Eleftheriou Androulla , Żakowicz Anna , Aarendonk Diederik , Ungan Mehmet 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication and information technologies to support the delivery of healthcare at a distance, guaranteeing patients healthcare by facilitating access where barriers exist; the COVID-19 pandemic has attracted worldwide interest in this field.
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the main pros and cons of telemedicine, which serve as the basis of the WONCA Europe Statement at the WHO Europe 70th Regional Meeting on 14 September 2020.
Pros of telemedicine include virtual healthcare at home, where patients receive support in certain conditions without leaving their houses. During a pandemic, it can be adopted to limit physical human interaction. Unfortunately, it can negatively affect the quality of the doctor–patient relationship, the quality of the physical examination, and the quality of care. Telemedicine requires effective infrastructure and robust investments to be feasible and effective.
Spatial Variation in Humidity and the Onset of Seasonal Influenza Across the Contiguous United States
Authors: Serman E. , Thrastarson H. Th. , Franklin M. , Teixeira J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent years, environmental factors, particularly humidity, have been used to inform influenza prediction models. This study aims to quantify the relationship between humidity and influenza incidence at the state‐level in the contiguous United States. Piecewise segmented regressions were performed on specific humidity data from NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and incident influenza estimates from Google Flu Trends to identify threshold values of humidity that signal the onset of an influenza outbreak. Our results suggest that influenza incidence increases after reaching a humidity threshold that is state‐specific. A linear regression showed that the state‐specific thresholds were associated with annual average humidity conditions (R2 = 0.9). Threshold values statistically significantly varied by region (F‐statistic = 8.274, p < 0.001) and of their 36 pairwise combinations, 13 pairs had at least marginally statistically significant differences in their means. All of the significant comparisons included either the South or Southeast region, which had higher humidity threshold values. Results from this study improve our understanding of the significance of humidity in the transmission of influenza and reinforce the need for local and regional conditions to be considered in this relationship. Ultimately this could help researchers to produce more accurate forecasts of seasonal influenza onset and provide health officials with better information prior to outbreaks.
Overestimate of C4 Plant Abundance Caused by Soil Degradation‐Induced Carbon Isotope Fractionation
Authors: Da Jiawei , Li Gen K. , Ji Junfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of soil organic matter (SOM) is a widely used proxy for terrestrial vegetation. However, SOM decomposition can cause C isotope fractionation, which remains poorly constrained in ancient soils thus clouds the interpretations of paleosol‐δ13CSOM records. Here, we report new δ13CSOM records of the Holocene paleosols from the Chinese Loess Plateau and investigate how the decomposition of SOM affects the preserved δ13C signal and the inferred vegetation changes. Our results reveal significant C isotope fractionation, as SOM in bulk paleosol samples are systematically enriched in 13C (up to 3‰) compared with contemporary SOM occluded in calcite nodules, the latter of which are thought to resist degradation. Such fractionation is likely due to the selective preservation of 13C‐enriched microbial biomass by fine‐grained minerals. Previous studies based on paleosol‐δ13CSOM records that underestimate or neglect the 13C‐fractionation related to SOM decomposition probably overestimated the abundance of regional C4 biomass.
Coseismic and Early Postseismic Slip Models of the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo Earthquake (Western China) Estimated by Space‐Based Geodetic Data
Authors: He Lijia , Feng Guangcai , Wu Xiongxiao , Lu Hao , Xu Wenbin , Wang Yuedong , Liu Jihong , Hu Jun , Li Zhiwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe May 22nd, 2021,7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on an intraplate fault of Bayan‐Har block in the Tibet Plateau. Here, we derive the coseismic and early postseismic surface deformations from the Sentinel‐1 (S1) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data. We use the subpixel offsets of SAR and Sentinel‐2 (S2) optical images to determine the surface rupture traces. The fault geometry and coseismic fault slip distribution of multi‐segmented ruptures are estimated by inverting InSAR interferograms and SAR pixel offsets. We show that at least five fault segments with curved geometry are activated, with a peak coseismic slip of about 5 m. The geodetic data inversion suggests that an NW‐striking blind segment near the Eling Lake may have ruptured during the 2021 event. Postseismic slip inversion with the 60‐day cumulative line‐of‐sight deformations, shows that the early afterslip of 0.1 ∼ 0.3 m occurred mostly toward the downdip direction of the main coseismic slip asperities. The afterslip geodetic moment accounts for approximately 15.3% of the coseismic one. Coulomb stress analysis shows that the nucleation of the Maduo earthquake is partially facilitated by the 1947 M7.7 Dari earthquake.
Long‐Term Trends in Chesapeake Bay Remote Sensing Reflectance: Implications for Water Clarity
Authors: Turner Jessica S. , Friedrichs Carl T. , Friedrichs Marjorie A. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile ecosystem health is improving in many estuaries worldwide following nutrient reductions, inconsistent trends in water clarity often remain. The Chesapeake Bay, a eutrophic estuary with a highly populated watershed, is a crucial testbed for these concerns. Improved efforts are needed to understand why some measurements of downstream estuarine water clarity appear to be uncorrelated with watershed management actions, and multiple metrics of clarity are needed to address this issue. To complement in situ measurements, satellite remote sensing provides an additional tool with which to assess long‐term change in water clarity. In this study, remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on satellite Aqua was evaluated from 2003 to 2020 at multiple wavelengths for surface waters of the Chesapeake Bay. Trends show an overall long‐term decrease in Rrs in the upper estuary for all wavelengths, yet an increase in Rrs in the lower estuary for green wavelengths. Trends in band ratios show long‐term decreasing red‐to‐green and red‐to‐blue ratios, yet long‐term increasing green‐to‐blue ratios. Seasonally, trends in band ratios were relatively consistent throughout the year and along‐estuary, whereas single band reflectance trends varied seasonally and along‐estuary. In the lower Bay, Septembers showed the strongest decreasing trends in red reflectance, while early spring and summer had the most pronounced increasing trends in green reflectance. These trends suggest that the system has experienced a long‐term reduction in suspended solids concentration and light attenuation without a systematic reduction in chlorophyll‐a concentration.
An Ensemble‐Based Eddy and Spectral Analysis, With Application to the Gulf Stream
Authors: Uchida Takaya , Jamet Quentin , Poje Andrew , Dewar William K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe “eddying” ocean, recognized for several decades, has been the focus of much observational and theoretical research. We here describe a generalization for the analysis of eddy energy, based on the use of ensembles, that addresses two key related issues: the definition of an “eddy” and the general computation of energy spectra. An ensemble identifies eddies as the unpredictable component of the flow, and permits the scale decomposition of their energy in inhomogeneous and non‐stationary settings. We present two distinct, but equally valid, spectral estimates: one is similar to classical Fourier spectra, the other reminiscent of classical empirical orthogonal function analysis. Both satisfy Parseval's equality and thus can be interpreted as length‐scale dependent energy decompositions. The issue of “tapering” or “windowing” of the data, used in traditional approaches, is also discussed. We apply the analyses to a mesoscale “resolving” (1/12°) ensemble of the separated North Atlantic Gulf Stream. Our results reveal highly anisotropic spectra in the Gulf Stream and zones of both agreement and disagreement with theoretically expected spectral shapes. In general, we find spectral slopes that fall off faster than the steepest slope expected from quasi‐geostrophic theory.
Neuron-specific chromosomal megadomain organization is adaptive to recent retrotransposon expansions
Authors: Chandrasekaran Sandhya , Espeso-Gil Sergio , Loh Yong-Hwee Eddie , Javidfar Behnam , Kassim Bibi , Zhu Yueyan , Zhang Yuan , Dong Yuhao , Bicks Lucy K. , Li Haixin , Rajarajan Prashanth , Peter Cyril J. , Sun Daijing , Agullo-Pascual Esperanza , Iskhakova Marina , Estill Molly , Lesch Bluma J. , Shen Li , Jiang Yan , Akbarian Schahram 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRegulatory mechanisms associated with repeat-rich sequences and chromosomal conformations in mature neurons remain unexplored. Here, we map cell-type specific chromatin domain organization in adult mouse cerebral cortex and report strong enrichment of Endogenous Retrovirus 2 (ERV2) repeat sequences in the neuron-specific heterochromatic B2NeuN+ megabase-scaling subcompartment. Single molecule long-read sequencing and comparative Hi-C chromosomal contact mapping in wild-derived SPRET/EiJ (Mus spretus) and laboratory inbred C57BL/6J (Mus musculus) reveal neuronal reconfigurations tracking recent ERV2 expansions in the murine germline, with significantly higher B2NeuN+ contact frequencies at sites with ongoing insertions in Mus musculus. Neuronal ablation of the retrotransposon silencer Kmt1e/Setdb1 triggers B2NeuN+ disintegration and rewiring with open chromatin domains enriched for cellular stress response genes, along with severe neuroinflammation and proviral assembly with infiltration of dendrites . We conclude that neuronal megabase-scale chromosomal architectures include an evolutionarily adaptive heterochromatic organization which, upon perturbation, results in transcriptional dysregulation and unleashes ERV2 proviruses with strong neuronal tropism.