bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Co-management of Tuberculosis-diabetes Co-morbidities in Indonesia Under the National Tuberculosis Control Program: Results From a Retrospective Cohort Study From 2017-2019
Authors: Jiang Weixi , Rahman Fauziah Mauly , Wibowo Adik , Sanjaya Adhi , Silitonga Permata Imani Ima , Tinah Trimawar , Tang Shenglan , Long Qian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Indonesia suffers from a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes (DM). The government initiated national TB-DM co-management activities under the National TB Control Program in 2017. This study investigates the detection and treatment outcomes of TB-DM in Jakarta after implementing these activities, and identifies the main factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using TB registry data in two districts of Jakarta, East Jakarta (low-income) and South Jakarta (high-income). A 5-step cascade analysis was used: diagnosed TB patients; TB patients tested for DM; diagnosed TB-DM patients; and patients received and completed TB treatment/cured. We conducted descriptive analyses to understand the characteristics of TB and TB-DM patients, and used a two-level mixed-effect logistic regression to explore factors associated with having a DM test and completing TB treatment/being cured. Results: Over the study period (2017-2019) 50.8% of the new pulmonary TB patients aged over 15 were tested for DM. The percentage increased from 41.7% in 2017-2018 to 60.1% in 2019. Of the TB patients tested for DM, 20.8% were diagnosed with DM. Over 90% of the detected TB-DM patients received standard TB treatment, 86.3% of whom completed treatment/were cured. Patients in East Jakarta were more likely to be tested for DM and to complete standard TB treatment/be cured than patients in South Jakarta (P<0.001). Bacteriologically positive TB patients were more likely to be tested for DM (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.17,1.60). Patients diagnosed in sub-district level healthcare centers had a higher likelihood of being tested for DM than those in government and private hospitals (P<0.05). Receiving DM treatment was associated with a higher likelihood of completing TB treatment/being cured (OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.20, 2.77).Conclusions: TB-DM case detection significantly improved in 2019 after introducing TB-DM co-management activities in Jakarta, while gaps in TB-DM co-management existed between bacteriologically positive and clinically diagnosed TB patients, and across different types of health facilities. Collaboration between TB and DM departments should be strengthened, and more resources need to be mobilized to further improve the co-management of TB-DM in Indonesia.
Characteristics and Determinants of Treatment Default Among Smokers With Tuberculosis in an Industrial State of Malaysia: A Registry-based Study of the Years 2013-2017
Authors: Sharani Zatil Zahidah , Ismail Nurhuda , Yasin Siti Munira , Zakaria Yuslina , Razali Asmah , Demong Rochin , Mohammad Mariam , Ismail Zaliha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The increased risk of treatment default among smokers raises concern over the secondary spread within the community. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with treatment default among TB patients who smoke.Methods: A retrospective cohort of all registered TB patients who smoke in the state of Selangor between 2013 and 2017 via the Malaysian National MyTB database was included for analysis. TB patients who smoke were considered those with an active smoking status during the notification, while treatment default was defined as a TB patient who had interrupted treatment for 2 months or longer. There were 4 main variable domains included for analysis: sociodemographic profiles, disease profiles, treatment profiles, and comorbidities. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of treatment default among TB patients who smoke.Results: A total of 27.6% (N=6278) of the TB patients registered in Selangor were active smokers, and 15.1% (N=813) of the TB patients who smoke experienced defaulted TB treatment. The determinants of treatment default among TB patients who smoke were patients staying in an urban area (AOR 1.47; 95% CI 1.11,1.96), median income level less than RM2160 (AOR 2.0; 95% CI 1.34,2.99), no formal education (AOR 2.12; 95% CI 1.31,3.44), previously treated cases (AOR 2.78; 95% CI 1.99,3.88), active TB case detection methods (AOR 2.05; 95% CI 1.21,3.47), treatment duration of less than 6 months (AOR 7.56; 95% CI 5.74,9.92), and patients not on DOTS during the continuation phase (AOR 27.96; 95% CI 21.1,37.1). All the significant factors gave rise to the final model of determinants, with a predictability of 92.9% (95% CI 92.0,93.7).Conclusions: Our findings highlighted the high prevalence of treatment default among TB patients who smoke compared to the general TB population. Early risk detection that examines the two main domains of risk factors (socioeconomic factors and treatment profiles) should be provided for those who smoke in the TB population. Interventions should aim to reduce the prevalence of smoking among TB patients, together with close supervision during DOTS.
Comprehensive Analysis of Urinary lncRNA And mRNA Expression Profiles In Patients With lupus Nephritis
Authors: Zeng Huiqiong , Xie Zhongyu , Luo Baiwei , Liao Chenghui , Hu Haofei , Wang Zhigang , Ye Zhizhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:To explore long-non-coding RNA (lncRNAs),messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles and biological functions in the urine samples in lupus nephritis (LN) patients.Methods:Three LN patients and three healthy controls(con) were recruited,whose midstream morning urine was collected.A microarray of mRNA and lncRNA was applied to explore total RNA expression variation.Then venn analysis was applied to screen out specific gene expression in the LN group compared to the con group.Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to reveal the gene functions of the dysregulated lncRNA-associated with LN;STRING online website and Cytoscape software network analysis were applied to construct protein interaction network (PPI) and screen out the Hub Gene.Drug online websites were conducted as drug prediction websites.Results:A total of 273 mRNAs and 549 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in LN patients' urine compared with the con group.GO analysis of LN revealed that mRNAs from the lncRNA-mRNA network were enriched in terms of antigen-negative regulation of immune response.KEGG analysis of hub genes related to the LN lncRNA-mRNA network highlights their critical role in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum,P53 signaling pathway.Co-expression and PPI network analysis suggested that high-degree nodes are clustered in apoptosis,autophagy, reactive oxygen species pathway.Drug prediction indicated that the targeted drugs mainly included antioxidant activity,phosphorylative mechanism.Conclusion:Our findings indicated that the differential expressed urinary lncRNAs(DELs) possessed considerable clinical value in the diagnosis and potential therapeutic applications of drugs in LN patients.
Characterizing Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in a Midwestern City
Authors: Glasser Allison M. , Hinton Alice , Wermert Amy , Macisco Joseph , Nemeth Julianna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCigarette smoking is three times more prevalent among youth experiencing homelessness compared with the general population. Co-use of tobacco and marijuana is also common. The aim of this study is to characterize tobacco and marijuana use among homeless young people in a Midwestern city.MethodsThis study included 96 youth and young adults (52% male, 39% female, 5% transgender/non-binary) attending a homeless drop-in center who had used at least one combustible tobacco product in the past week. We assessed past-month use of tobacco products and marijuana and other product use characteristics (e.g., frequency, brand and flavor).ResultsMost youth experiencing homelessness with past-week combustible tobacco use had used cigarettes (88.5%), cigars (92.7%), and marijuana (85.4%) in the past month. One-third used electronic vapor products, 19.8% smoked hookah, and 11.5% used smokeless tobacco. Most marijuana users co-administered with tobacco (69.8%). Daily combustible tobacco smoking was associated with having a child and smoking out of boredom/habit. Daily marijuana use was associated with using substances to cope with one’s housing situation. Newport and Black & Mild were the most popular brands of cigarettes and cigars. Most non-combustible tobacco users reported not having a usual brand. Cigar smokers reported the most varied selection of flavors.ConclusionsYoung combustible tobacco users experiencing homelessness engage in high-risk use patterns, including poly-tobacco use, co-use of tobacco with marijuana, and frequent combustible product use. Interventions that consider the full context of tobacco and marijuana use are needed to support cessation in this population.
Prognostic Relevance of Anemia In Hospitalized Patients With Cirrhosis:A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Ren Haotang , Li Hai , Deng Guohong , Wang Xianbo , Zheng Xin , Huang Yan , Chen Jinjun , Meng Zhongji , Gao Yanhang , Qian Zhiping , Liu Feng , Lu Xiaobo , Shang Jia , Li Hai , Wang Shaoyang , Qiao Liang , Xu Baoyan , Hou Yixin , Xiong Yan , Chen Jun , Li Beiling , Luo Sen , Gao Na , Zhang Weituo , Shi Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: Anemia is common in cirrhosis and closely related with adverse outcome in cirrhotic patients, but their clinical features and the effect of variations in hemoglobin levels on mortality or time of death have not yet fully elucidated. As we performed this prospective, multi-center, cohort study to further determine these points.Methods: We retrospectively collected data from the Chinese AcuTe on CHronic LIver FailurE (CATCH-LIFE) study, a prospective multi-center cohort study of patients with chronic liver disease and acute exacerbation conducted by the Chinese Chronic Liver Failure (CLIF) Consortium, which is composed of 15 tertiary hospitals in hepatitis-B-virus high endemic area. Patients were consisted of two prospective multi-center cohorts from the CLIF Consortium between January 2015 to December 2016 and July 2018 to January 2019.We conducted data analysis on prevalence of anemia and clinical characteristics among these patients and further determine the relationship between anemia and prognosis.Results: Among 1979 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis,1389(70.2%) were combine with anemia, a patient has an 6.8% lower risk of death on 90-day mortality and 5.7% lower risk of death on 1-year mortality with a 10g/L decrease in hemoglobin at any level throughout the entire range. Patients with severe anemia have significant higher risk [HR=1.649(1.100,2.473), p=0.016] of 90-day mortality and [HR=1.610(1.159,2.238), p=0.005] of 1-year mortality comparedto those without anemia.Conclusions: Anemia is common in cirrhosis and strongly associated with increased mortality after acute decompensation (AD)/acute liver injury (ALI). Severe anemia is an independent risk factor for poor 90-day and 1-year prognosis in cirrhosis with AD/ALI.
Association Between PFOA Exposure and Liver Enzymes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Cohort Studies
Authors: Wang Tian-Qi , Chen Yue-Nan , Gui Si-Yu , Jiang Zheng-Xuan , Li Ze-Lian , Jiang Heng , Zhang Chao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been the focus of research regarding its effects on liver function due to its potential for bioaccumulation in human body, widespread exposure, and the ability acting as an endocrine disruptor. Although the hepatotoxicity of PFOA has been identified, conclusions from population-based studies remain inconsistent, and the purpose of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological evidence linking PFOA to the four most common liver enzyme indicators and to quantitatively pool the effects of existing longitudinal cohort studies.Methods: Longitudinal cohort studies on PFOA and the four liver enzyme indicators (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) were searched in three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE) until July 10, 2021. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled effect estimates for continuous exposure. We also assessed the risk of study bias and the overall quality and level of evidence for each exposure and outcome combination.Results: The initial search identified 18 studies, 9 of which were eventually included. PFOA showed significant relationships with all four liver enzyme metrics: ALT (N=7, β=0.012, 0.001-0.023), AST (N=6, β=0.041, 0.002-0.079), GGT (N=6, β=0.010, 0.001-0.020), ALP (N=4, β=0.007, 0.002-0.011) with low to high concomitant heterogeneity. The certainty of the combined evidence for each exposure-outcome combination was considered "moderate".Conclusions: We conducted the first meta-analysis and systematic review based on a longitudinal cohort study, and the results support the hypothesis that PFOA increases levels of four common liver enzymes, and that this causal relationship was observed within the context of a population-based study area. Further clinical or epidemiological research, especially longitudinal studies, are needed to expand the sample size and further determine the effect of different types and doses of confounders of PFOA exposure on liver enzyme indices, with adequate consideration of sex, age, and other confounders as well as reverse causality.
Fatal Rift Valley Fever Outbreak Caused By Exposure To Meat From Sick And Dead Livestock: Uganda, July 2018
Authors: Musewa Angella , Mirembe Bernadette B , Ario Alex R. , Birungi Doreen , Bulage Lilian , Kisaakye Esther , Kwesiga Benon , Kabwama Steven N. , Muwanguzi David , Kadobera Daniel , Balinandi Steven , Birungi Deo N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever that can be fatal to humans and livestock. During June-October 2018, reported RVF cases increased sharply in eight western and central Ugandan districts. We investigated to identify the scope of the outbreak, determine risk factors, and recommend control measures.Methods: We defined a probable case as acute onset of unexplained fever with thrombocytopenia or leukopenia, plus ≥1 of: unexplained bleeding, blurred vision, or unexplained death during June–October 2018 in a resident of the affected districts. A confirmed case was a probable case with a positive PCR test for RVF. We reviewed medical records and actively searched for cases in communities. In a case-control study, we compared exposures of cases and age-, sex-, and neighbourhood-matched controls. We reviewed livestock RVF surveillance data.Results: We identified 19 cases (17 confirmed, 2 probable); 13 (68%) died. The mean age of the case-patients was 36 (range: 27-55) years. The attack rate in men (15/10,000) was 19 times higher than in women (0.78/10,000). Stratified epidemic curves indicated multiple point-source outbreaks, often following skinning/butchering livestock or eating grilled meat from livestock that had been sick or died of unknown causes (‘sick/dead livestock’). All case-patients with data (n=18) ate or butchered meat from sick/dead livestock. Of the 18 case-patients and 90 controls who participated in the case-control study, 10 case-patients (56%) and five controls (5.6%) cut or handled raw meat from sick/dead livestock (ORadj=14, 95%CI=2.8-72). RVF-seropositive livestock were identified from serum samples taken from farms where human cases had occurred.Conclusion. Human RVF outbreaks in Western and Central Uganda in 2018 were caused by contact with raw meat of sick/dead livestock. We recommended wearing protective gear during butchering, and safe handling and disposal of carcasses of sick/dead livestock. RVF surveillance data between human and livestock health sectors should be shared to facilitate early warning and detection for RVF.
Predatory Abilities of The Backswimmer Buenoa Amnigenus Are Not Impaired After Sublethal Exposures To Pyriproxyfen
Authors: Valbon Wilson , Araújo Sabrina H. C. , Nery Ritanny S. , Barbosa Julianna F. , Newland Philip L. , Oliveira Eugenio E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analogue that is commonly used to control the immature stages of mosquitoes in both artificial and natural water reservoirs. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the pyriproxyfen community effectiveness in preventing vector-transmitted diseases. Such concerns have been based on the unintended effects on non-target organisms and selection of resistant mosquito populations. Thus, this investigation was conducted aiming to evaluate the toxicity of pyriproxyfen to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae and the backswimmer Buenoa amnigenus (Hemiptera: Notonectidae), a naturally occurring mosquito larvae predator. We also assessed the abilities of backswimmers exposed to sublethal levels of pyriproxyfen to prey upon mosquito larvae (L2) under three larval densities (3, 6, or 9 larvae/100 mL of water) using artificial containers. Our results revealed that pyriproxyfen killed backswimmers only at concentrations higher than 100 mg active ingredient [a.i.]/L, which is 10 times higher than that recommended for larvicidal field application (i.e, 10 mg a.i./L). Interestingly, the abilities of backswimmers exposed to sublethal levels of pyriproxyfen (100 mg a.i./L) to prey upon mosquito larvae were not affected. Harmful effects on the backswimmer predatory abilities were detected only at concentrations of 150 mg a.i./L and when there was a higher prey availability (i.e., 9 larvae/100 mL of water). Together, our findings indicate that the reduced community effectiveness of this insecticide derives from factors other than its detrimental effects on non-target organisms such as the backswimmers.
A Pan-Cancer Study: The Immunological and Prognostic Significance of Aberrant SPP1 Expression on Tumors
Authors: Huang Tian peng , Ye Wei , Lin Xue jiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Secretory phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is a glyco-phosphoprotein that is widely expressed in a variety of cancer cells. Current studies have identified that SPP1 is differentially expressed in a variety of cancer cell species. However, there are few studies on the level of SPP1 expression in different types of cancer and its clinical significance. Methods In this study, we analyzed SPP1 levels and its significance in 33 different cancer types by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The study analyzed the correlation between SPP1 expression and tumor immunity. Results The results showed that SPP1 transcript levels were aberrantly expressed in most tumors. Univariate Cox analysis showed that SPP1 was strongly associated with Overall survival in multiple tumor types. We also found that SPP1 was significantly correlated with tumor immune microenvironment, tumor immune cells, and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte markers. The correlation of SPP1 with Tumor mutational load (TMB) and Microsatellite instability (MSI) also predicts its role in assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Gene set enrichment analysis of 33 cancer types provided further evidence for the relationship between SPP1 levels and cancer progression and immune cell infiltration. Conclusion our study concludes that SPP1 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor immunity and can be used as a marker for the assessment of clinical indicators in multiple cancer types.
High Expression of ELFN1 Associates With Poor Prognosis And Immune Cells Infiltration In Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Li Zhaopeng , Zhu Lin , Yang Yang , Bai Song 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background The human ELFN1 encodes a functional protein belonging to leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family neuronal adhesion proteins. However, there remains a lack of research on ELNF1 in tumors, especially in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). The paper aimed to explore ELFN1 expression and its potential biological function in COAD through bioinformatics analysis. Results ELFN1 expression was significantly upregulated in COAD tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (P＜0.01). The high ELFN1 mRNA expression level in tumor samples was also verified in GSE39582 and GSE146009 cohorts from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) website (P＜0.01). Besides, high ELFN1 expression was positively correlated with advanced tumor stage (I vs. IV, II vs. IV), perineural invasion，and vascular invasion (P＜0.05). Moreover, high ELFN1 expression was correlated with worse overall survival (OS) (P＜0.05), which was also verified in GSE17536 and GSE29621 datasets (P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested ELFN1 was an independent prognostic predictor in COAD (P＜0.01). Furthermore, the high infiltration levels of M0 Macrophages and Regulatory T cells（Tregs）were found in the high ELFN1 expression COAD tissues, while the infiltration levels of activated CD4 memory T cells, resting or activated Dendritic cells were low in that samples (P＜0.05). The correlation analysis revealed that ELFN1 expression had a positive correlation with the infiltrating levels of Tregs and M0 Macrophages, but inversely correlated with that of activated Dendritic cells and both resting and activated CD4 memory T cells in COAD (P＜0.05). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) exhibited that ELFN1 was enriched in many immunological and cancer-related signaling pathways, like Hedgehog, ECM receptor interaction, focal adhesion, Notch, and MAPK signaling pathways.Conclusions ELFN1 is overexpressed in COAD and which is correlated with worse clinical outcomes. Higher expression of ELFN1 could influence tumor immune cells infiltrating in COAD. ELFN1 could promote progression of COAD through several immunological and cancer-related signaling pathways. ELFN1 may be a new prognostic predictor and a latent therapeutic target for COAD.
Clinical Prognosis of Keratin Family Genes in Patients with LUAD a Study Based on TCGA Database
Authors: Liu Xia , Zhu Hangzhou , Zha Xiaojiu , Rui Yan , Li Miao , Huang Linian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Malignant tumor is the main cause of death in the world, among which lung cancer is the main cause of death. The incidence rate and mortality of lung cancer are increasing year by year. This study aims to elucidate the potential prognostic value of keratin (KRT) gene family members in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).Materials and methods: RNA sequencing data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of LUAD tumors and paired normal tissues. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of KRT family member genes. Analyze the screening variables to construct the risk score. The time-dependent ROC curve is used to evaluate the predicted results. Finally, nomograms were used to assess individualized prognostic risk.Result: From the differentially expressed genes, 14 KRT genes with significant imbalance in LUAD tumors and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were screened. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis confirmed that these 14 KRT genes can be used as potential diagnostic markers for the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that six KRT genes were related to the prognosis of lung cancer. The variables were screened by multivariate Cox regression model. The final results showed that KRT8 and KRT6A were independent risk factors for the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.Conclusion: KRT8 and KRT6A can be used as prognostic markers of LUAD. The high expression of KRT8 and KRT6A suggests that the prognosis of LUAD patients is poor.