bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Psychosocial Health of Work from Home Information Technology (IT) Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Saran Sushmitha , Gopalakrishan S , Hariharan  , VM Ananthaeashwar 
Published: December 2021

Background: In order to control the risk of COVID-19 many employees have been asked to work from home & generally away from their workplace. Working from home may cause negative impact on employees’ mental health as it increases social isolation which is associated with high risk of psychological distress and depression.
Aim: The study was done with the aim to assess the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial health and well-being of Information Technology (IT) employees who is working from home.
Methodology: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted at Chennai district of Tamilnadu. Around 210 samples were collected based on convenient sampling method. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data and the data analyzed using SPSS 22 software.
Results: Out of the participants, 74% of the employees felt that their work time has been increased due to work from home. On multiple regression analysis, variables like gender, marital status, average working hours per day were found to have statistically significant.
Conclusion: Chennai is a metro city with high population of IT professionals. Individual workload has increased within a short deadline, which has led to increased stress, sleep deprivation that resulted in many psychosocial problems.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF INFUSION STRATEGIES IN VACUUM ASSISTED RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING (VARTM) PROCESS
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Patel Himanshu V. , Dave Harshit K. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology
Published: December 2021

The Liquid composite Molding (LCM) process, such as Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), offers a fast and high-quality production of composites laminates. In the VARTM process, the simulation tool is found beneficial to predict and solve composite manufacturing issues. The part quality is dependent on the resin mold filling stage in the VARTM process. The infiltration of resin into a porous fibrous medium is taken place during the resin mold filling stage. The permeability has a crucial role during the resin mold filling stage. In this study, simulation of resin infusion through multiple injection gates is discussed. The various infusion schemes are simulated to identify defect-free composite manufacturing. The simulation approach is applied to five different stacking sequences of reinforcements. In this transient simulation study, permeability and resin viscosity is essential inputs for the resin flow. The simulation approach found that a gating scheme plays a vital role in mold filling time and defect-free composite fabrication. It is found that the line gating system can be useful for fast mold filling over the point gating system.
HOLISTIC MONITORING OF MACHINING SYSTEM
Authors:   “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Frumuşanu Gabriel , Epureanu Alexandru ,   “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, Department of Manufacturing Engineering
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, the part program describes only the process itself and not the obtained performance. The operator monitors just some of the variables describing the actually obtained product and appropriately adjusts the values of the programmed variables. This adjustment is realised with a considerable delay and without an adequate fundament (many times even intuitively). Moreover, process monitoring currently follows only to notice the occurrence of perturbations and, hence, of deviations from process plan. As consequence, the performance in accomplishing the manufacturing task might be diminished due to an insufficient knowledge about both the system dynamics and the conditions in which the process is performed. Starting from these premises, the challenge addressed here is to rebuild at conceptual level the monitoring system such us the monitoring becomes holistic, this meaning evaluation & reveal of machining system current state & dynamics. In other words, the holistic monitoring concerns both the values of the variables describing the system state and the relations of causality between them. In this paper, the holistic monitoring is introduced through an illustrative sample. The monitoring variables and functions are defined and sampled.
گل بنگلزئی نا افسانہ غاتا کتاب، دڑد آتا گواچی؛ نا جاچ اس
Authors: Khan Mir hazar 
Published: December 2021

When the industrial revolution and progressive tendencies in the nineteenth century influenced every sphere of life, literature could also not escape such trends. At that time, fiction (short story) was introduced as a new genre in literary world and soon it managed to generate a distinction. Like the other languages ​​of the world, fiction writers of Brahui literature also effectively adopted this genre. Among the pioneer Brahui fiction writers, the name of Gul Bangulzai is also well known who initiated the fiction writing. The effects of the progressive literary movement can be seen in his fiction writings. Gul Bangulzai in his book of fiction, Darhd ata Guachi, centralized the topic on the problems of ordinary individuals and lower class of the region. The book was first published in 1984, thus, standing the second book in Brahui literature after Dr. Taj Raisani's book, Anjeer na Phul. In, Darhd ata Guachi, Gul Bangulzai mainly reflected the problems of village life in a unique manner. Gul Bangulzai skillfully identified the problems of farmers, laborers, women, shepherds, and gypsies. Additionally, the themes also include poverty, starvation, the hardships of weather, cruelties of higher class, the culture and traditions of people of Baluchistan, and their mentality. The fiction also depicted the stunning natural landscapes of this region. In the fictions of Gul Bangulzai frustration, deprivation, helplessness, cruelties, and poverty are observable. However, ultimately, the message it conveys that after the dark night there is a dawn of new morning and hope which is another distinguished beauty of the fictions of Gul Bangulzai, bestows him a unique status in Brahui literature wherein most fictions revolves around the complications of village life.
Transforming restorative justice
Authors: J. Llewellyn Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Transforming restorative justice
From the global pandemic to the Black Lives Matter, the Me Too/Times Up and Indigenous reconciliation and decolonisation movements, the systemic and structural failures of current social institutions around the world have all been brought to our collective consciousness in poignant, painful and urgent ways. The need for fundamental social and systemic transformation is clear. This challenge is central to the work of dealing with the past in countries undergoing transition and in established democracies confronting deep structural inequalities and injustices. Rooted in lessons from the application of restorative justice across these contexts, this article suggests that grounding restorative justice as a relational theory of justice is key to understanding and realising the potential of a restorative approach for transformation. It also explores the implications of this transformative imperative for the growth and development of restorative justice
Quantification of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic in dairy manure
Authors: Wang Yi , Pandey Pramod , Chiu Colleen , Jeannotte Richard , Kuppu Sundaram , Zhang Ruihong , Pereira Richard , Weimer Bart C. , Nitin Nitin , Aly Sharif S. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are considered to be emerging environmental contaminants of concern potentially posing risks to human and animal health, and this research studied the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in dairy manure.

Methods
This study is focused on investigating prevalence of ARGs in California dairy farm manure under current common different manure management. A total of 33 manure samples were collected from multiple manure treatment conditions: (1) flushed manure (FM), (2) fresh pile (FP), (3) compost pile (CP), (4) primary lagoon (PL), and (5) secondary lagoon (SL). After DNA extraction, all fecal samples were screened by PCR for the presence of eight ARGs: four sulfonamide ARGs (sulI, sulII, sulIII, sulA), two tetracycline ARGs (tetW, tetO), two macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) ARGs (ermB, ermF). Samples were also screened for two mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (intI1, tnpA), which are responsible for dissemination of ARGs. Quantitative PCR was then used to screen all samples for five ARGs (sulII, tetW, ermF, tnpA and intI1).

Results
Prevalence of genes varied among sample types, but all genes were detectable in different manure types. Results showed that liquid-solid separation, piling, and lagoon conditions had limited effects on reducing ARGs and MGEs, and the effect was only found significant on tetW (p = 0.01). Besides, network analysis indicated that sulII was associated with tnpA (p < 0.05), and Psychrobacter and Pseudomonas as opportunistic human pathogens, were potential ARG/MGE hosts (p < 0.05). This research indicated current different manure management practices in California dairy farms has limited effects on reducing ARGs and MGEs. Improvement of different manure management in dairy farms is thus important to mitigate dissemination of ARGs into the environment.
Germination of Balsa Seedlings (Ochroma lagopus Swartz) under Different Sowing Media in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Malagat Boas , Iamba Kari 
Published: December 2021

A good sowing media ensures better anchorage of plants, provides a reservoir of nutrients and water, and enhance gaseous exchange with the atmosphere. Balsa (Ochroma lagopus Swartz); Vimmy variety, has proven its versatility in producing some of the best phenotypic characteristics such as higher jorquette height, less branching and high log volumes. This experiment was carried out using a combination of three different local materials; local garden soil, pumice soil and sawdust but in different combination ratios aimed to investigate the best combinations. Six treatments were tested: T1= Pure Garden soil, T2= Pumice, T3= Control (75% large coarse sawdust, 25% pure garden soil), T4= Pure Sawdust, T5= 50% medium coarse sawdust, 50% pure soil, and, T6= 33% medium coarse sawdust, 33% Pumice, 33% Pure garden Soil. The daily average germination count in Treatment 5 (50% medium coarse sawdust & 50% pure soil) produced constant germinations from day fifteen (15) to day twenty one (21). Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 showed high variations in their daily average germination for the same period but did not produce a constant supply of germinations. Treatment 5 had the highest emergence rate index (ERI=71.76) followed by treatment 1 (ERI=66.59). Treatment 4 had the third highest seedling emergence (ERI=63.74) followed by treatment 3 (ERI=59.37), treatment 6 (ERI=57.22) and treatment 2 (ERI=53.81) at the lowest continuum. Substrates containing 50% soil and 50% medium coarse sawdust are regarded as better sowing media for O. lagopus seedlings.
The Concentration Distance and the Average Kinetic Energy of a Diffusible Solute in its Medium
Authors: Abdullahi Mustapha Umar 
Published: December 2021

Seven sets of diffusible samples were allowed to diffuse in their medium in order to observe how much meters of distance a given volume of sample will cover in its medium at particular condition. At the same time also to observe how much joules of average kinetic energy that given sample volume possess during the course of its traveling. After successful diffusion by using suitable apparatus, all data associated with this study was carefully observed repeatedly and recorded. In which, mean values were used. Series of findings were found including new equation Xc= which can be used in determining this new initiative (concentration distance of a diffusible solute in its medium (Xc)).
A Narrative Review of Libidibia ferrea: Botanical Aspects, Ethnopharmacological Properties, Phytochemical Characteristics, Toxicity, and Experimental Tests
Authors: S. Almeida Nayanne C. O. da , C. Furtado Silvania da , Barcellos José F. M. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Jucá or pau-ferro (Libidibia ferrea) is an arboreal plant from the Fabaceae family. It is commonly used in traditional medicine in the treatment of various diseases, including inflammatory process.
Aims: The objective of this narrative review is to present botanical aspects, ethnopharmacological properties, phytochemical characteristics, toxicity highlighting, and experimental models with L. ferrea.
Results: Botanical Aspects: Jucá has several uses such as in landscaping (stem and canopy), in arborization of urban areas. Ethnopharmacological Properties: It is used in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, flu, asthma and, inflammatory processes of which different parts are used (root, stem bark, leaves, fruits, seeds). Phytochemical Characteristics: Phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and terpenoids are among the compounds monthly used. Toxicity: In vivo models have been used to verify toxicity and in most studies the plant presented no toxicity in its use. Experimental studies: Animals, such as mice, dogs, rats, etc. and different models of studies to analyze the action of the plant were used.
Conclusions: Such low toxicity, associated with its widespread use in folk medicine and its various effects demonstrated in the studies included in this Review have corroborated for the continuity of the research with L. ferrea. New studies, however, ought to follow methodological guidelines, such as the Animal Research: reporting in vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) so that, a methodological design secures more homogeneous studies capable of quantifying the actual size of the effect in the plant may have in clinical studies.
A Five-Year Review of Caesarean Section at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Clement Wekere Felix Chikaike , Iwo-Amah Rose Sitonma , Kwosah Joseph Ngozi , Bademosi Adetomi , Amadi Simeon Chijioke 
Published: December 2021

Background: Caesarean section (CS) is a major obstetric surgery done for pregnant women and is lifesaving.
Aim: The study was aimed at reviewing CS at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), to determine the prevalence, trend and indications, for improved management outcomes.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed five thousand, five hundred and ninety-eight (5598) cases of caesarean sections (3699 emergency, 1899 planned) managed at the RSUTH from 1st January, 2015 to 31st December, 2019. Data collected were analysed using IBM, Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS), version 25.0 Armonk, New York.
Results: There were 13,516 deliveries and 5,598 cases of CS over the review period, giving the prevalence of CS as 41.4% or 414 per 1000 deliveries. Emergency and planned CS cases accounted for 66.1% and 33.9% respectively. An increasing trend of CS was observed over the review period. The mean age ± SD of the participants was 32.30±1.04 years (95% CI:30.26,34.34). Modal age group was 35-39 years, accounting for 33.2% followed by those aged 30-34 years (26.2%). Majority of the patients were multipara [3396 (60.7%)], married [4890 (87.4%)], Christians [5540 (99%)] and had tertiary level education [2800 (50%)]. The commonest indication for CS in RSUTH was previous caesarean section [1925(34%)], followed by cephalopelvic disproportion [757(13.4%)], foetal distress [418(7.4%)], preeclampsia [390(6.9%)] and multiple gestation [252 (4.5%)].
Conclusion: The rate of caesarean section is high in RSUTH with an increasing trend. Although CS is lifesaving, efforts should be made to reduce the rate to the level recommended by WHO, especially in Low-middle-income countries (LMICs), where there is high aversion to CS.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Rural Population of Wardha District Regarding Oral Cancer- A Study Protocol
Authors: Dangore-Khasbage Suwarna 
Published: December 2021

Background: Oral cancer is one of the easily diagnosed cancer as compared to the cancers of other parts of the body as the mouth is easily accessible for self or clinical examination. But, it is frequently diagnosed in advanced stage as the population lack the knowledge about the causes and signs & symptoms of oral cancer. Though many studies are there describing this issue, scanty literature is available relevant to knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral cancer especially in rural areas which needs attention.
Aim: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of rural population of Wardha district regarding Oral cancer.
Methodology: This questionnaire based prospective study will include 1000 subjects who will be able to read and understand the questionnaire. Self-administered questionnaire prepared in local language (Marathi / Hindi) of the rural population of Wardha district will be administered. Questionnaire will be comprised of two parts. First part request demographic information and the second section contain 18 questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral cancer. All the questionnaire responses will be recorded in tabular format and subjected to statistical analysis.
Expected Results: In rural area of Wardha District in the Indian state of Maharashtra, there may be majority of the people, still having minimal knowledge regarding oral cancer and its causes marking a high percentage when compared to the urban. Thus, this study will be an attempt to evaluate the awareness and access the knowledge of the rural public regarding oral cancer.
Conclusion: The knowledge about the risk factors, sign and symptoms of oral cancer amongst the rural population can be useful for the prevention and early diagnosis of oral cancer, and thus reducing the oral cancer burden of the society.
Foreign Body Aspiration in Dentistry
Authors: Dixit Drishti , Reche Amit , Chabra Kumar Gaurav , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Raza Anura Saher 
Published: December 2021

Background: The foreign body aspiration is very common while performing a dental procedure. Most of the patients are from lower age group as these group of people have high amount of sugar and starch containing diet which is not good for the oral health. But it is not limited to them and several aged patients are also victim of foreign body aspiration.
Summary: Foreign bodies can be anything from cloth dam, barrier techniques itself to broken tooth. Due to age related delayed gag reflex and impact of anesthesia can be possible reasons behind the foreign body aspiration. Pulmonary aspiration is a serious cause of concern and cannot be neglected. It can go unnoticed which can brought to cognizance after careful study and observation of the radiographs. Endoscopic procedures are used to locate and extract the foreign body from the lungs.
Conclusion: Proper guidelines regarding the extraction of foreign body extraction and identification must be followed as it is life threatening condition. Vulnerable age group must be treated with extra caution and every chance of mistake must be covered. Standard operating procedure must be strictly adhered to in order rot have maximum accuracy.
Expression of CD4, CD8 Biomarkers in Invasive Carcinoma of Breast with Clinicopathological Correlation
Authors: Divyapriya C. , Kannan Aarthi , Raghavan Vijayashree 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are widely considered a key sign of the immune interaction between host and tumor, and potentially prognostic biomarkers of good or bad outcome in various cancers, including invasive breast cancer (IBC).
Aim and Objectives: To correlate the expression of CD4, CD8 T-lymphocytes in invasive carcinoma breast with established markers of prognosis like tumour size, grade, lymph node status and molecular subtypes mainly ER, PR, Her 2Neu, Ki67 status, mainly the triple negative breast cancers(TNBC).
Methodology: 58 Invasive breast carcinoma proven tissue blocks were subjected to immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis for positive CD4, CD8 T-lymphocytes were done.
Results: Triple negative breast cancer subtype shows high TILs than other pathologic subtypes. Tumor interface CD8+ cells very well correlated with the pathological higher nodal stage. Majority CD4, CD8 positive cells were populated more towards the stromal and interface of the tumor microenvironment rather thatintratumoral.
Conclusion: CD4+ and CD8+ counts may be a valuable independent prognostic tool in predicting the outcome in invasive breast cancer.
A Study to Assess Effectiveness of Instructional Teaching Programme on Level of Knowledge and Practices of Prevention of Pneumonia among Mothers of under Five Children in Selected Villages, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Jegin P. , Subbulakshmi S. , Kumar M. Dinesh , Dayana J. , Elakiya E. 
Published: December 2021

Back ground: An experimental study was conducted to assess the effects of instructional teaching programme (ITP) on knowledge and practices of mothers regarding prevention of pneumonia in children, Pooncherry, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.Objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of ITP on prevention of pneumonia on level of knowledge and practices among mothers of under five children.
Materials and Methods: Non probability purposive technique was adopted for this study. Samples who met inclusion criteria were participated in the study. Self-structured interview schedule for knowledge and structured rating scale for practices were used to collect the data.
Results: The study results shows that in the pre test 15.13 % of the mothers had adequate knowledge, 24.34 % of the mothers were had moderately adequate knowledge and 60.53 % of the mothers had inadequate knowledge and and in post test 63.17% of mothers were had adequate knowledge, 28.94% of the mothers had moderately adequate knowledge and very few (8.55% ) mothers had inadequate knowledge. Pre test practices score shows that 63.82 % of the mothers had less desirable practice, 22.37% of the mothers had moderate desirable practices and 13.81% were had highly desirable practices whereas in the post test 63.82% of them had highly desirable practice, 23.03% of them had moderate desirable practices and 13.16% of them had less desirable practices. The mean pretest knowledge score was 5.45 ± 1.47 and the mean posttest knowledge score was 8.49 ± 0.71 and the t value was 15.17, it shows that statistically there was an improvement in the post test knowledge score. The mean pretest practice score was 22.38 ± 2.76, the mean posttest practice score was 43.64 ±1.97 and the t value was 13.35, it shows that statistically there was a significant improvement in the post test practice score. The instructional teaching programme on prevention of pneumonia was statistically effective in promoting the knowledge and desirable practices among mothers.