bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multistability Analysis of State-Dependent Switched Hopfield Neural Networks With The Gaussian-Wavelet-Type Activation Function*
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Zhen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the multistability of state-dependent switched Hopfield neural networks (SSHNNs) with the Gaussian-wavelet-type activation function. The coexistence and stability of multiple equilibria of SSHNNs are proved. By using Brouwer's fixed point theorem, it is obtained that the SSHNNs can have at least 7n or 6n equilibria under a specified set of conditions. By using the strictly diagonally dominance matrix (SDDM) theorem and Lyapunov stability theorem, 4n or 5n locally stable (LS) equilibria are obtained, respectively. Compared with the conventional Hopfield neural networks (HNNs) without state-dependent switching or SSHNNs with other kinds of activation functions, SSHNNs with this type of activation functions can have more LS equilibria, which implies that SSHNNs with Gaussian-wavelet-type activation functions can have even larger storage capacity and would be more dominant in associative memory application. Last, some simulation results are given to verify the correctness of the theoretical results.
Free Vitamin D Status Among Apparently Healthy Adults Living in Duhok Governorate
Authors: abdulrahman masood abdulkareem , Alkass Suad Yousif , Mohammed Noor Isam 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Serum total 25-OHD is a main marker of vitamin D which represents the intake and sunlight exposure. Free form of 25‐OHD, the small fraction not bound to a transporter protein has been incorporated as a new marker. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the impact of several factors on total and free vitamin D levels in healthy subjects and to find out if the free form of vitamin D could be a better representative of the body’s vitamin D status. Total and free 25‐OHD were analyzed by ELISA method in a blood sample collected from 391 apparently healthy volunteers (219 female and 172 Male) from Duhok Governorate/Iraq population. Total and free 25‐OHD levels were increased proportionally to BMI with lower values seen in the underweight group, also a significant gender differences in total D3 level with higher values in males (23.90 ± 16.41) ng/ml than females (21.24 ± 15.65) ng/ml was observed. Total and Free 25‐OHD levels were significantly associated with ages, their deficiency most frequent occurs in the younger ages between (16–25) years old. Smokers had higher level of Total 25‐OHD (26.95 ± 19.01) ng/ml and Free 25‐OHD (9.47 ± 4.94) pg/ml than nonsmokers (22.14 ± 14.59) ng/ml and (7.87 ± 4.32) pg/ml respectively. A significant increase in Free 25‐OHD level in the veiled women (9.12 ± 4.64) ng/ml than unveiled (6.16 ± 3.73) ng/ml with a significant positive correlation between Free 25‐OHD level and dress style was also seen. 30% and 33% of the participants whom their daily exposure to sunlight for 30 minutes and > 1hour respectively were severe deficient in total 25‐OHD. 95% of the participants who had Abnormally low level of free D were exposed for ≥ 30 minutes to sunlight. Daily exposure to sunlight was negatively associated with Free 25‐OHD level.
Development of a New Score for Early Mortality Prediction in Trauma ICU patients. RETRASCORE
Authors: Serviá Luis , Llompart-Pou Juan Antonio , Chico-Fernández Mario , Montserrat Neus , Badia Mariona , Barea-Mendoza Jesús Abelardo , Ballesteros-Sanz María Ángeles , Trujillano Javier 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSeverity scores are commonly used for outcome adjustment and benchmarking of trauma care provided. No specific models performed only with critically ill patients are available. Our objective was to develop a new score for early mortality prediction in trauma ICU patients.MethodsRetrospective study using the Spanish Trauma ICU registry (RETRAUCI) 2015-2019. Patients were divided and analysed into the derivation (2015-2017) and validation sets (2018-2019). We used as candidate variables to be associated with mortality those available in RETRAUCI that could be collected in the first 24 hours after ICU admission. Using logistic regression methodology, a simple score (RETRASCORE) was created with points assigned to each selected variable. The performance of the model was carried out according to global measures, discrimination and calibration.ResultsThe analysis included 9465 patients. Derivation set 5976 and validation set 3489. Thirty-day mortality was 12.2%. The predicted probability of 30-day mortality was determined by the following equation: 1 / (1+exp (-y)), where y=0.598 (Age 50–65) + 1.239 (Age 66–75) + 2.198 (Age > 75) + 0.349 (PRECOAG) + 0.336 (Pre-hospital intubation) + 0.662 (High risk mechanism) + 0.950 (unilateral mydriasis) + 3.217 (bilateral mydriasis) + 0.841 (Glasgow ≤ 8) + 0.495 (MAIS-Head) - 0.271 (MAIS-Thorax) + 1.148 (Hemodynamic failure) + 0.708 (Respiratory failure) + 0.567 (Coagulopathy) + 0.580 (Mechanical ventilation) + 0.452 (Massive haemorrhage) - 5.432. The AUROC was 0.913 (0.903-0.923) in the derivation set and 0.929 (0.918-0.940) in the validation set.ConclusionsThe newly developed RETRASCORE is an early, easy-to-calculate and specific score to predict in-hospital mortality in trauma ICU patients. Although it has achieved adequate internal validation, it must be externally validated.
Fast satellite selection algorithm for GNSS multisystems based on the Sherman-Morrison formula
Authors: SHI Junpeng , LI Kezhao , CHAI Lin , LIANG Lingfeng , TIAN Chengdong , XU Keke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The usage efficiency of GNSS multisystem observation data can be greatly improved by applying rational satellite selection algorithms. Such algorithms can also improve the real-time reliability and accuracy of navigation. By combining the Sherman-Morrison formula and singular value decomposition (SVD), a smaller geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) value method with increasing number of visible satellites is proposed. Moreover, by combining this smaller GDOP value method with the maximum volume of tetrahedron method, a new rapid satellite selection algorithm based on the Sherman-Morrison formula for GNSS multisystems is proposed. The basic idea of the algorithm is as follows: first, the maximum volume of tetrahedron method is used to obtain four initial reference satellites; then, the visible satellites are co-selected by using the smaller GDOP value method to reduce the GDOP value and improve the accuracy of the overall algorithm. By setting a reasonable precise threshold, the satellite selection algorithm can be autonomously run without intervention. The experimental results based on measured data indicate that (1) the GDOP values in most epochs over the whole period obtained with the satellite selection algorithm based on the Sherman-Morrison formula are less than 2. Furthermore, compared with the optimal estimation results of the GDOP for all visible satellites, the results of this algorithm can meet the requirements of high-precision navigation and positioning when the corresponding number of selected satellites reaches 13. Moreover, as the number of selected satellites continues to increase, the calculation time increases, but the decrease in the GDOP value is not obvious. (2) The algorithm includes an adaptive function based on the end indicator of the satellite selection calculation and the reasonable threshold. When the reasonable precise threshold is set to 0.01, the selected number of satellites in most epochs is less than 13. Furthermore, when the number of selected satellites reaches 13, the GDOP value is less than 2, and the corresponding probability is 93.54%. These findings verify that the proposed satellite selection algorithm based on the Sherman-Morrison formula provides autonomous functionality and high-accuracy results.
Preparation And Adsorption Performance of Nano-Hydroxyapatite-Enhanced Acrylamide Hydrogel Adsorbent
Authors: Wang Zhi-Ke , Li Ting-Ting , Peng Hao-Kai , Ren Hai-Tao , Lou Ching-Wen , Lin Jia-Horng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, a hydrogel adsorbent was successfully synthesized using hydroxyapatite/acrylamide/β-cyclodextrin to adsorb heavy metal ions and dyes in water. In the study, different contents of hydroxyapatite were added to the hydrogel, and then the mechanical properties and adsorption properties of the material were studied. The results show that the compressive strength of hydrogel added with hydroxyapatite increased by 37.1%. According to the adsorption isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity is 300mg/g. In addition, the preparation process of the composite hydrogel is simple, and can be used at a lower pH value, and can be used multiple times. Therefore, the material is of great significance to the treatment of pollutants.
Two-Dimensional Vibrating And Thermal Response of Skin Tissue To Different Types of Heat Sources Considering The Hyperbolic Heat Transfer Equation
Authors: Ghanbari Mina , Rezazadeh Ghader 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Laser-induced thermal therapy, due to its applications in various clinical treatments, has become an efficient alternative, especially for skin ablation. In this work, the two-dimensional thermomechanical response of skin tissue subjected to different types of thermal loading is investigated. Considering the thermoelastic coupling term, the two-dimensional differential equation of heat conduction in the skin tissue based on the Cattaneo–Vernotte heat conduction law is presented. The two-dimensional differential equation of the tissue displacement coupled with the two-dimensional hyperbolic heat conduction equation of tissue is solved simultaneously to analyze the thermal and mechanical response of the skin tissue. The existence of mixed complicated boundary conditions makes the problem so complex and intricate. The Galerkin-based reduced-order model has been utilized to solve the two-sided coupled differential equations of skin displacement and heat transfer with accompanying complicated boundary conditions. The effect of various types of heating sources such as thermal shock, single and repetitive pulses, repeating sequence stairs, ramp-type, and harmonic-type heating, on the thermomechanical response of the tissue is investigated. The temperature distribution in the tissue along the depth and radial direction is also presented. The transient temperature and displacement response of tissue considering different relaxation times are studied, and the results are discussed in detail.
Study On Parameter Optimization of 3D Bioprinting of Hybrid Bio-Inks
Authors: James Sagil , Mulgaonkar Samir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Used mainly for manufacturing operative tissue structures to replace damaged ones, Three-dimensional (3D) Bioprinting is a burgeoning area of medical science with enormous potential. Since the technology is still relatively new, 3D bioprinting heavily relies on the trial-and-error approach for advancement, but the general process currently involves a mixture of various biomaterials in hydrogel form. The quality of the results is affected significantly by the parameters by which the print is made. Even the most seemingly minute details can drastically change the outcome of the print, including temperature, print time, the speed of the occurring print and nozzle diameter, dispensing pressure, and more. The biomaterial used is also of the utmost importance. Based on current results, an ideal biomaterial should include the same or similar chemical, biological, mechanical, and practical properties of the target end structure. It is critical to ascertain the closest parameters available to ensure a quality end resulting print. The proposed studies' goal is to determine and streamline process parameters to the nearest possible degree to optimize the bioprinting process of hybrid bioinks. Using material made from unchanged alginate, alginate with gelatin, and combined amino acids and derivatives with diphenylalanine, the medical properties of each biomaterial were examined, as well as their flow behavior, allowing a certain level of predictability on printing parameters. Printing parameters, as described, are the parameters by which we can predict how well a target structure can be accurately constructed using various bio-inks. Ultimately, the results have indicated that printing parameters primarily hinges on the composition of the hydrogels used and the pressure by which it was distributed. This study also presented a detailed frame of reference to assess amino acids and derivatives with diphenylalanine systematically, which can also be used in other areas of 3D bioprinting.
A novel surfactant-assisted dilute phosphoric acid plus steam explosion pretreatment of poplar wood for fermentable sugar production
Authors: Tong Denghui , Zhan Peng , Zhang Weifeng , Zhou Yongcai , Huang Yilei , Qing Yan , Chen Jienan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pretreatment is an indispensable process in lignocellulosic bioethanol production. In this work, a surfactant agent JFC was introduced into the dilute phosphoric acid plus steam explosion pretreatment scheme for fermentable sugar production using poplar as substrate. Four crucial factors (phosphoric acid concentration, surfactant concentration, pressure, and residence time) affecting the pretreatment efficiency were optimized using the single factor tests. The optimal parameters obtained were as follows: 1:2.5 solid/liquid rate, 2 h pre-soaking time, 1.5 %(v/v) JFC-M + 2.0 wt% phosphoric acid, 2.0 MPa pressure, and 120 s residence time, resulting in a maximum cellulose recovery rate of 86.33 % and enzymatic saccharification rate of 84.62 %, which was 38.97 % higher than that of control. The morphological and structural characteristics of samples before and after pretreatment, were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method. The addition of JFC-M was of a notable influence in overcoming biomass recalcitrance and boosting cellulose digestion, showing great application potentials in biomass conversion process.
A Comparison of miRNAs with Proinflammatory Cytokines and Procalcitonin in the Diagnosis, Treatment, Follow Up and Prognosis of Sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Orhan Semiha , Gulsoy Kemal Yetıs , Yaylagul Esra Orenlili , Koca Halit Bugra , Yavuz Lutfi , Ulger Celal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The development of sepsis, the low efficacy of antibiotics used, long-term antibiotic use, and the development of resistance to antibiotics are significant problems in patients in intensive care units. The use of biological markers is promising for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. In this study, proinflammatory cytokines, procalcitonin and four miRNA expressions were analyzed in a time-dependent manner in a patient group and control group, and the correlations between them were examined.Material and Method: The study included 30 patients in the intensive care unit who were diagnosed with sepsis and applied with SOFA and APACHE-2 scoring and 30 control subjects. Serum samples were taken at 24 hours, 72 hours, and on the 7th day. Analyses according to time were made of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, TNF-alpha, procalcitonin and four miRNAs (miR-122, miR-146a, miR-150, and miR-223) in the collected samples and comparisons were made between the patients and the control group. Results: At 24 hours, a decrease was observed in the miRNA-146a, miRNA-150, and miRNA-122 values and an increase in the miRNA-223 values in the sepsis group compared to the control group. At 72 hours, a decrease was observed in the miRNA-146a, miRNA-150, miRNA-122, and miRNA-223 values in the sepsis group compared to the control group.Conclusion: When procalcitonin and inflammatory cytokines were compared with selected miRNAs in the diagnosis, treatment follow-up, and prognosis of sepsis in the intensive care unit, a correlation between procalcitonin levels, proinflammatory cytokines and miRNA-150, miRNA-146a, and miRNA-223 was found.
Recovery of Anosmia in Hamsters Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Is Correlated With Repair of the Olfactory Epithelium
Authors: Reyna Rachel , Kishimoto-Urata Megumi , Urata Shinji , Makishima Tomoko , Paessler Slobodan , Maruyama Junki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for a pandemic affecting millions of people worldwide. Apart from the extreme global economic impact, the pandemic will likely have a lasting impact through long-term sequelae not yet fully understood. Fully understanding the mechanisms driving the various symptoms and sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection will allow for the eventual development of therapeutics to prevent or treat such life-altering symptoms. In this study, we developed a behavioral test of anosmia in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. We find a moderately strong correlation between the level of anosmia and the score of histological damage within the olfactory epithelium. We also find a moderately strong correlation between the level of anosmia and the thickness of the olfactory epithelium, previously demonstrated to be severely damaged upon infection. Thus, this food-searching behavioral test can act as a simple and effective screening method in a hamster model for various therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2-related anosmia.
Investigation on the Current Situation and Health-Related Quality of Life of Children and adolescents with OI in southwest China
Authors: du fanyan , mo lin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta（OI）is a chronic, non-infectious disease that accompanies the patient for life. OI will result in reduced bone mass, fractures, thereby leading to bone deformities and reduced patient the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With the endocrine therapy and surgical orthopedic had been recommended, the disease was effectively controlled. The disease status is discrepancy in different regions. This study aims to assess the diagnosis and treatment status, evaluate the HRQoL of children and adolescents with OI in southwest China, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide reference for health care consideration for OI population in southwest China.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM (PedsQL TM) to assess the HRQoL of children and adolescents with OI. The demographic and clinical data were collected. This study was conducted in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, the National Children's Regional Medical Centre (SOUTH-WEST) and the National Clinical Research for child health. Healthy children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years lived in southwest China as a reference.Results: A total of 27 children and adolescents with OI were included in this study. The current status of diagnosis and treatment such as the treatment, education, family, BMI, pain, steep walking and friends and so on had been investigated. The PedsQLTM of OI population was lower in all dimensions, and they were significantly different in physiological and social functioning and the total score, compared with 54 healthy children and adolescents. Factors associated with HRQoL of OI patients were the steep walking and fixing a playmate at less.Conclusions: The HRQoL of children and adolescents with OI had been improved with the endocrine therapy and surgical orthopedic. But there was an imbalance around the world for the less effective management. Health care education should be more professional, effectively and continuously. Training patients to gain steep walking ability and peer companionship could be a way to improve the HRQoL of children and adolescents with OI in southwest China. The medical staff also should pay attention to their life and growth after discharge.
Evaluation of the FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel for Diagnosis of Infectious Meningitis and Encephalitis
Authors: Lin Min , Chen Chun-Lu , Qi Le-Yao , Shen Cong , Liu Ye-Ling , Long Li-Jun , Sun Jun-Quan , He Sheng-Jie , Luo Yin-Ji , Guo xuguang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Infectious Meningitis/Encephalitis (M/E) is caused by pathogens. The FilmArray M/E panel can quickly detect 14 kinds of pathogens and facilitate diagnosis for patients with M/E. This study aimed to perform a evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of the FilmArray M/E panel compared with classic method of diagnosing M/E.Methods: Relevant studies published before August 15, 2021, were identified by searching Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, using keywords Meningitis, Encephalitis, and FilmArray M/E panel. After the initial screening, EndNoteX9 was used to manage the studies and extract data. The quality of the study was based mainly on the quality evaluation standard of diagnostic tests recommended by Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Meta-DiSc 1.4 statistical software was used to determine the sensitivity, specificity, 95% confidence interval (CI), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratios (PLR) and negative likelihood ratios (NLR) of each group of data, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC). All P values were two sided, and P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 269 studies were retrieved, and 16 full-text studies were identified. The sensitivity of all the full-text studies was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91–0.95) and the specificity 0.98 (95% CI: 0.98–0.98). Conclusions: Compared with the gold standard, the FilmArray M/E panel had a sensitivity of 0.93 and a specificity of 0.98 to 16 pathogens. Further studies are needed to determine whether the FilmArray M/E panel can be used as a clinical standard for the diagnosis of M/E.
The Diagnostic Value of Multi Ultra High-b-value DWI for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zheng Tianxiu , Chen Qiuyan , Qiu Yanhua , Zhang Deyong , Shi Liwei , Wei Dingtai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-ultra high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (UHBV-DWI) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and to build a regression prediction modelfor AD.90 participants including 30 AD, 30 mild cognitive impairments (MCI) and 30 volunteers without neurological diseases were enrolled to perform with hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensities volume (WMH volume), periventricular white matter hyperintensity (PVWMH) score, deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) score and UHBV-DWI.We found UHBV-DWI outperformed in the diagnosis of AD (AUC = 0.858), and multiple linear regression model: y = 0.515 + 0.018 *(WMH volume) + 0.221 *(ADCuh value)-0.359 *(left hippocampus volume) were established.So we came to a conclusion: UHBV-DWI is helpful for diagnosing AD, and the combination of WMH volume and left hippocampus volume has a better diagnostic performance.