bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Newer Definitions of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia with Pulmonary Hypertension and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Hwang Jae Kyoon , Shin Seung Han , Kim Ee-Kyung , Kim Seh Hyun , Kim Han-Suk 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The diagnostic criteria of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have been reassessed based on current practices and highest accuracy in predicting long-term outcomes. We investigated the association between BPD severity based on different definitions in terms of long-term outcomes and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This retrospective study enrolled preterm infants born at <32 weeks of gestation. The definition of BPD recommended by the National Institutes of Health in 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) in 2018, and Jensen et al. in 2019 were used. The association between re-hospitalization due to respiratory illness, neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at a corrected age of 18–24 months, and PAH at a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 36 weeks with the severity of BPD based on these three definitions were evaluated. Among 354 infants, gestational age (26.9 weeks) and birth weight (730 g) were lowest in severe BPD based on NIH 2001 definition. In total, 14.1% of study population experienced NDI and 19.0% were re-hospitalized due to respiratory illness. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for re-hospitalization was highest in grade-3 BPD of the Jensen (2019) criteria (7.45). The adjusted OR for NDI (13.23) and PAH (40.37) were also highest in grade-3 of the Jensen (2019) criteria.Conclusion: Based on recently suggested criteria, severity of BPD is associated with long-term outcomes and PAH at PMA of 36 weeks in preterm infants.
Identification of a Potential Prognostic Signature based on Immune-related Genes in Primary Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhou Zhaoming , Lai Mingyao , Yu Jiayin , Zhou Jiangfen , Hu Qingjun , Li Juan , Li Hainan , Chen Longhua , Wen Lei , Zhou Meijuan , Cai Linbo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common primary brain tumor with a high incidence in adults with malignant and fast-growing biological characteristics. In this study, we explore the immune-related prognosis markers of GBM at the mRNA level.Methods: The sequencing data and clinical information of GBM patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were calculated between normal tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database and tumor tissues from TCGA and CGGA. We obtained immune genes from the ImmProt database. The intersection of DEGs and immune genes were defined as the immune-related differential genes (IR-DEGs), based on which, survival associated IR-DEGs were determined by multivariate Cox regression analysis. The survival risk score (SRS) was determined for each sample with the top 6 prognostic associated IR-DEGs. One-year, two-year, and three-year potential survival were predicted by the prognosis prediction model established by multivariate and univariate Cox regression. In addition, we performed CIBERSORT in GBM patients with samples from TCGA cohort; association analysis was performed with prognostic IR-DEGs and immune cells. Furthermore, the influence of prognostic IR-DEGs on the brain tumor microenvironment (TME) was validated in single-cell sequencing analysis.Results: We found 301 IR-DRGs in GBM primary tumor compared with normal tissue, and 19 of them could predict the overall survival (OS) more accurately in GBM patients. Six IR-DEGs (PLAUR, TNFSF14, CTSB, SOCS3, PTX3, and FCGR2B) were selected to construct the SRS, with which, GBM patients were divided into two different groups which combined with high and low risk. The SRS was found to be an independent prognostic factor for GBM and could predict GBM patients’ possible survival with an acceptable efficiency. Moreover, the expression of 6 IR-DEGs and their co-expressed IR-DEGs could influence TME and were associated with GBM prognosis.Conclusions: This study identified a potential immune prognostic signature of glioblastoma, which could enhance the prognosis prediction ability for GBM patients. The immune-related-genes in the TME could potentially benefit the immunotherapy development for GBM patients.
SARS-CoV-2 as a Trigger in the Development of Tourette’s-Like Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Hazan Sabine , Nowicki ND John , Jordan Sheldon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Reports have been surfacing surrounding CNS-associated symptoms in individuals affected by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder with usual onset in childhood. Gut microbiota can affect central physiology and function via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The authors of this case report describe Tourette’s-like symptoms in a patient resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection disrupting gut microbiota. Case Presentation: This case involves a 16-year-old female that developed acute onset Tourette’s-like symptoms along with neuropsychiatric symptoms after exposure to and infection from SARS-CoV-2. The patient had negative nasopharyngeal (NP) real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 on five occasions from August of 2020 through June of 2021. The patient’s symptoms continued to worsen over the next six months until next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed SARS-CoV-2 in her stool. Repair of the gastrointestinal microbiota, treatment with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical agents, as well as alterations in her surroundings resulted in dramatic improvement in the microbiome and a significant reduction of symptoms.Discussion: The use of RT-PCR testing to determine the presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2 may be inadequate and inaccurate for individuals that have been exposed to the virus. In addition, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection to the GI tract may cause significant havoc in the gut microbiota which may lead to disruption of the blood brain barrier, disruption to the gut- microbiome-brain axis, and neurological symptoms. Additional testing, eradication of infectious agents, as well as restoration of the gut microbiome are needed to effectively manage and treat this condition.
Changes in Community Composition Following Secondary Succession of a Temperate Oak-hornbeam Forest After Grassland Abandonment and Their Effect on Soil Carbon and Nutrient Pools
Authors: Jelinčić Antun , Papković Dora , Zgorelec Željka , Perčin Aleksandra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo date, changes in C and nutrient cycling during succession are somewhat studied, however, results are often contrasting for different nutrients and successional sequences. Generally, due to increment of litter rich in lignocellulosic components during late succession, mineralization of nutrients is expected to decelerate, and large amounts of nutrients become captivated within tree biomass. We investigated the changes in community composition following secondary succession of oak-hornbeam forest after grassland abandonment, along with the differences in soil chemistry between early- and late- successional stages. We aimed to discover whether late succession increases soil organic C and total N and S pool, but decreases the pools of plant available P and K, and that of micronutrients due to their captivation within the tree biomass. ResultsThe successional sequence studied had a following pathway: Helictotrichon pubescens haypastures à Brachypodium pinnatum successional grasslands à Cornus sanguinea scrubs à late-successional Populus tremula forests à late-successional oak-hornbeam (Quercus-Carpinus) forests. Total species number was highest in haypastures and lowest in late-successional P. tremula forest. Species richness of haypastures was higher from that of mid-successional scrub and late-successional forest stages. Species richness did not differ between mid-successional scrub and late-successional forest stages. Occurrences of plant species throughout secondary succession was mostly stage-specific; only Fragaria vesca, Ajuga reptans, Cornus sanguinea, Prunus spinosa, and Viola hirta showed survival ability throughout almost all stages. Late-successional forest stages had a higher soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), and KA concentration, along with the higher soil C:N and C:S ratio in A horizon compared to early-successional grassland stages, whereas concentrations of plant available P and total N, S, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Fe remained unaltered.ConclusionsEven though late-successional forest stages tighten the nutrient cycles through nutrient captivation within the tree biomass, we found that late succession efficiently retained PA and micronutrient pools and even increased KA concentration in the A horizon, despite the fact that great amounts of these nutrients were already excluded from the nutrient cycle. Despite the contradicting C inputs, soil total N and S concentration did not differ between late-successional forest and early-successional grassland stages.
Decreased ZO1 expression causes loss of time-dependent tight junction function in the liver of ob/ob mice
Authors: Tsurudome Yuya , Morita Nao , Horiguchi Michiko , Ushijima Kentaro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Diabetes patients are at a high risk of developing complications related to angiopathy and disruption of the signal transduction system. The liver is one of the multiple organs damaged during diabetes. Few studies have evaluated the morphological effects of adhesion factors in diabetic liver. The influence of diurnal variation has been observed in the expression and functioning of adhesion molecules to maintain tissue homeostasis associated with nutrient uptake. The present study demonstrated that the rhythm-influenced functioning of tight junction was impaired in the liver of ob/ob mice. The tight junctions of hepatocytes were loosened during the dark period in normal mice compared to those in ob/ob mice, where the hepatocyte gaps remained open throughout the day. The time-dependent expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO1) in the liver plays a vital role in the functioning of the tight junction. The time-dependent expression of ZO1 was nullified and its expression was attenuated in the liver of ob/ob mice. ZO1 expression was inhibited at the mRNA and protein levels. The expression rhythm of ZO1 was found to be regulated by heat shock factor (HSF)1/2, the expression of which was reduced in the liver of ob/ob mice. The DNA-binding ability of HSF1/2 was decreased in the liver of ob/ob mice compared to that in normal mice. These findings suggest the involvement of impaired expression and functioning of adhesion factors in diabetic liver complications.
Screening Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms of Houshiheisan Against Ischemic Stroke by LncRNAs and MRNAs Microarray Profiling
Authors: Cheng Hong-Fa , Zhang Ya-Wen , Guo Xiao-Yao , Wang Han-Yu , Wang Xuan , Zhao Hui , Wang Lei , Zou Hai-yan , Zhang Qiu-Xia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are substantial to wide varity of biological processes and pathogenesis processes of ischemic stroke. Houshiheisan (HSHS), a typical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, has outstanding efficacy in treating stroke, although the comprehensive molecular mechanism of its therapeutic effect has remained obscure up to now.
Methods

In this work, we induced a ischemic stroke rat model by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The microarray expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs was used to investigate various possible roles and molecular mechanism of HSHS in treating MCAO rats.
Results

HSHS improved the neurological deficit and alleviated the pathological damage after cerebral ischemia. The Clariom D Assay (rat, Affymetrix) showed that 8128 mRNAs and 3022 lncRNAs differentially expressed between sham group and model group, and 868 mRNAs and 836 lncRNAs between HSHS and model groups. Among the three groups, the intersections (666 mRNAs and 288 lncRNAs) were chosen and analyzed. GO and KEGG analysis disclosed that the majority of overlapping mRNAs were enriched in Axon guidance, Autophagy, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathway. Pathway network, protein-protein network and molecular complex detection analysis identified significant hub genes, e.g., Rock2, Rps6kb1, Wnt4, IL-6 and so on. Furthermore, we explored dynamic interactions between the dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs by lncRNA-mRNA network analysis. Finally, qRT-PCR verified expressions of the critical differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs within the three groups.
Conclusion

Our results indicate that these differentially expressed lncRNAs may affect pathological processes of ischemic stroke by regulating co-expressed mRNAs, providing novel insight in regarding lncRNAs’ involvement in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
A Critical Analysis of the Networking Experiences of Female Entrepreneurs: A Study Based on Small Business Tourism Sector in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kankanamge Nadee Sheresha Surangi Hapugoda Achchi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study goes on to expand on current knowledge through the way it accounts for how female entrepreneurs form and develop their networks in the Sri Lankan context. It adopts social constructionism philosophy and narrative design to explore the female entrepreneurs' networking behaviour. Thematic analysis is used to understand the life stories of fourteen women entrepreneurs in the tourism sector. Findings suggest that female entrepreneurs are likely to rely on more informal recruitment methods and informal training practices. They have strong relationships with local communities, but they focus on customers beyond the locals. Seasonality within tourism has been the emphasis of tourism literature due to its disruptive effect on economic transactions. However, less of the literature has examined the social effects of seasonality, which is where this study can contribute by exploring how gender roles related to social and domestic responsibilities are renegotiated during the low and high seasons when tourism entrepreneurs re-adjust to new time-demand realities. Yet, the narrative research design is not widely used in the Sri Lankan context. Therefore, this article attempts to add to the entrepreneurial networking knowledge by analyzing stories towards female entrepreneurs' experience and social constructionist perspective.
SorCS2 dynamically interacts with TrkB and GluN2B to control neurotransmission and Huntington’s disease progression
Authors: Salasova Alena , Degn Niels Sanderhoff , Paveliev Mikhail , Madsen Niels Kjærsgaard , Benito Saray Lopez , Casarotto Plinio , Ovesen Peter Lund , Vestergaard Benedicte , Udrea Andreea Cornelia , Kisiswa Lilian , Woloszczukova Lucie , Faress Islam , Nabavi Sadegh , Castren Eero , Arevalo Juan Carlos , Holm Mai Marie , Kjølby Mads Fuglsang , Bølcho Ulrik , Nykjaer Anders 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction and loss of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in dorsal striatum. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) sustains functionality and integrity of MSNs, and thus reduced BDNF signaling is integral to the disease. Mutations in BDNF receptor SorCS2 were recently identified in HD patients. Our study investigates the role of SorCS2 in MSNs biology and in HD progression.
Methods

We derived a double transgenic line by crossbreeding SorCS2 deficient (KO) mice with the HD mouse model R6/1. Subsequently, we characterized the SorCS2 KO; R6/1 line by a set of behavioral and biochemical studies to evaluate phenotypes related to HD. Moreover, in combination with electrophysiology and super resolution microscopy techniques, we addressed the molecular mechanism by which SorCS2 controls synaptic activity in MSNs neurons.
Results

We show that SorCS2 is expressed in MSNs with reduced levels in R6/1 HD model, and that SorCS2 deficiency exacerbates the disease progression in R6/1 mice. Furthermore, we find that SorCS2 binds TrkB and the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B, which is required to control neurotransmission in corticostriatal synapses. While BDNF stimulates SorCS2-TrkB complex formation to enable TrkB signaling, it disengages SorCS2 from GluN2B, leading to enrichment of the subunit at postsynaptic densities. Consequently, long-term potentiation (LTP) is abolished in SorCS2 deficient mice, despite increased striatal TrkB and unaltered BDNF expression. However, the addition of exogenous BDNF rescues the phenotype. Finally, GluN2B, but not GluN2A, currents are also severely impaired in the SorCS2 KO mice.
Conclusions

We formulate a novel molecular mechanism by which SorCS2 acts as a molecular switch. SorCS2 targets TrkB and GluN2B into postsynaptic densities to enable BDNF signaling and NMDAR dependent neurotransmission in the dorsal striatum. Remarkably, the binding between SorCS2 and TrkB or GluN2B, respectively, is mutually exclusive and controlled by BDNF. This mechanism provides an explanation why deficient SorCS2 signaling severely aggravates HD progression in mice. Moreover, we provide evidence that this finding might represent a general mechanism of SorCS2 signaling found in other brain areas, thus increasing its relevance for other neurological and psychiatric impairments.
Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist Down Regulation Combined With Hormone Replacement Therapy Improves the Reproductive Outcome in the Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer Cycle of Elderly Patients With Idiopathic Recurrent Implantation Failure
Authors: Pan Dan , Yang Jie , Zhang Ni , Wang Lei , Li Na , Shi Juanzi , Zhou Hanying 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo determine whether Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist down regulation combined with hormone replacement treatment (HRT) can improve the reproductive outcomes in the frozen thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle of elderly patients with idiopathic recurrent implantation failure (RIF). MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study analyzing 594 elderly patients (aged 36~43 years old) undergoing third cleavage embryo or blastocyst transfer over nearly 5-year period (January 2015–November 2020) at Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital after IVF-ICSI cycles. Patients with known endometriosis or adenomyosis were excluded from the study.According to different endometrial preparation protocols, patients were divided into three groups: natural cycle group (NC, n=62), hormone replacement treatment cycle group (HRT, n=194) and GnRH agonist down regulation combined with HRT cycle group (GnRHa-HRT, n=290).Live birth rate was primary outcome while clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, on going pregnancy rate were secondary outcomes. ResultsLive birth rate in the GnRHa-HRT group (31.90%) was significantly higher than that in the HRT (21.65%) or NC (16.13%) groups (P<0.0001). Logistic regression model adjusting for the potential confounders showed that patients in the GnRHa-HRT group have significantly higher live birth rate compared with those in the HRT group (OR, 2.708; 95%CI,1.251-5.864, P=0.011). However, live birth rate was not significantly different between GnRHa-HRT and NC groups (OR, 1.509; 95% CI,0.657-3.463, P=0.332), which could be due to the small sample size in the NC group.Conclusions﻿GnRHa-HRT protocol improves live birth rate in FET cycles of elderly patients with RIF. We hypothesize that GnRHa-HRT protocol enhances implantation related factors and promotes optimal endometrium receptivity, leading to the improved live birth rate. These findings are also useful for further investigating the underlying mechanism of GnRHa-HRT protocol in improving the reproductive outcomes of elderly patients with RIF.Trial registration:The research protocol was approved by the hospital institutional ethics committee (2021002).
Problem based learning approach increases the academic satisfaction of health science students in Ethiopian Universities: a comparative cross sectional study
Authors: Tadesse Selamawit Girma , Tadesse Dereje Girma , Dagnaw Eyaya Habtie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Problem based learning is being highly implemented in many medical schools worldwide due to its perceived advantages including improvement of problem-solving abilities, development of communication skills, creation and development of critical thinking skill, and making of individuals to be lifelong learners & responsible for their own learning process.
Objective

The study aimed to compare academic satisfaction of Problem and Lecture based learning of regular undergraduate health science students in Ethiopian Universities, 2021.
Method

Institution based comparative cross sectional study was conducted from February 1-30, 2021. Data were collected using a pretested structured and self-administered questionnaire among 850 eligible students from two Universities. Data were entered into EPI info version 6.04 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Binary Logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with academic satisfaction considering the association to be significant p- value <0.05.
Result

The study result revealed that the magnitude of academic satisfaction among problem based and lecture based learning students were 50.9% and 49.9% respectively. Similarly, problem based learning students were more likely to be academically satisfied than lecture based learning students in their type of curriculum with (AOR= 1.50, 95% CI= 1.02, 2.21). Experience of classroom distress (AOR=1.93, 95% CI= 1.22, 3.06), quality of teaching (AOR= 0.54, 95% CI= 0.34, 0.86), relationship with classmates (AOR= 0.33, 95% CI= 0.13, 0.80), course content (AOR=0.56, 95% CI= 0.33, 0.93) and accessibility of technology in the campus (AOR= 0.62, 95% CI= 0.40, 0.96) were the significant factors of academic satisfaction of problem based learning students. Year of study (AOR= 0.29, 95% CI= 0.17, 0.48), quality of teaching (AOR= 0.51, 95% CI= 0.31, 0.85), course content (AOR= 0.59, 95% CI= 0.35, 0.97) and energy & effort (AOR= 0.55, 95% CI= 0.35, 0.88) were significantly associated with academic satisfaction among lecture based learning students.
Conclusion

The study revealed that the academic satisfaction among problem based learning students was higher than lecture based learning students. Incorporating problem based learning as a formal instructional method in across the universities curriculum is recommended.
Localized Electroconvection at Ion-Exchange Membranes with Heterogeneous Surface Charge
Authors: Stockmeier Felix , Felder Daniel , Eser Steffen , Habermann Malte , Peric Petar , Musholt Stephan , Albert Katharina , Linkhorst John , Wessling Matthias 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Operating electrochemical membrane processes beyond the limiting current density bears the potential to decrease the investment cost of desalination plants significantly. However, while there are strategies for successfully reducing energy demand by shortening the plateau region, their influence on the formation of electroconvection is still unknown.

This study demonstrates control over the electroconvective vortices' rotational direction and position using a surface patterning method. We compare the development of electroconvection at two membranes modified with patterns of different surface charges. We analyze the electroconvective vortex field's build-up, the vortices' rotational direction, and structural stability in the steady-state. Finally, we showcase the control possibilities by enforcing a specific structure along an asymmetric letter pattern. Such tailor-made patterns have the potential to diminish the plateau region's energy loss completely. Furthermore, the scale-up of these membranes to industrial processes will allow the economic operation in the overlimiting regime, significantly increasing their space-time yield.