bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Surface Integrity and Subsurface Damage of Fused Silica in Ultra-Precision Grinding
Authors: Zhong Yaoyu , Dai Yifan , Xiao Hang , Shi Feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To realize low-damage ultra-precision grinding on fused silica, the surface quality and subsurface damage (SSD) distribution with fine-grained grinding wheel under different depth-of-cut and cutting speed are experimentally studied. The material removal mechanism under different grinding parameters is revealed by calculating undeformed chip thickness and observed with the help of transmission electron microscopy. The results show that brittle-ductile surfaces and ductile-like surfaces are generated during grinding. With the decrease of depth-of-cut and the increase of wheel cutting speed, the ultra-precision grinding changes to ductile-regime grinding with plastic flow removal. Besides, the surface roughness (SR) and SSD depth are reduced. The fracture defects such as fractured pits and grinding streaks on brittle-ductile surface gradually decrease. Instead, a ductile-like surface covered with grinding streaks is found. On brittle-ductile surfaces, the nonlinear relationship SSD∝SR4/3 is no longer proper under the influence of plastic flow. Using surface roughness Ra to predict SSD depth is more accurate. When depth-of-cut is 1 µm, cutting speed is 23.4 m/s and the material removal mode is dominated by plastic flow removal, the surface Ra is improved to 2.0 nm and there is no crack but only a 3.4 nm deep plastic flow layer in subsurface after grinding.
Does Having Comprehensive HIV and AIDS Knowledge Affect the Risky Sexual Behaviour of Young People in Sub – Saharan Africa: Pooled Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Dickson Kwamena Sekyi , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Adde Kenneth Setorwu , Okyere Joshua , Commey Felicia , Akpeke Mawulorm , Bashiru Abdul Wahab Atta , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Risky sexual behaviours (RSB) include all those behaviours such as multiple sexual unions, inconsistent use of condoms, or having sex under the influence of stimulants which have a greater propensity to exacerbate an individual’s vulnerability to unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. This study explores the relationship between comprehensive knowledge on HIV and RSB among young people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 2010 and 2018 in 28 SSA countries. These countries were chosen because they had complete information on the variables of interest for both males and females. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted.Results: It was found that 54.4% of young women and 40.0% of young men engaged in RSB. This ranged from 16.1% in Lesotho to 91.6% in Sierra Leone among young women and 17.1% in Namibia to 80.5% in Sierra Leone among young men. We also found that young men [AOR=0.78, CI=0.73–0.84] and women [AOR=0.92, CI=0.87–0.98] who had comprehensive HIV and AIDS knowledge had lower odds of engaging in RSB compared to those who did not have comprehensive HIV and AIDS knowledge.Conclusion: The study showed a low level of comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS in SSA and a gap in the proportion of young males and females regarding comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS. Risky sexual behaviour varied by sex. This reflected in a higher proportion of young females (54.5%) indulging in RSB as compared to young males (40.0%). Our findings also revealed that comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS influences risky sexual behaviour of young people. Age, level of education, place of residence, wealth status, exposure to radio, television, and newspaper or magazine have a significant relationship with RSB. These findings infer the need for targeted messages and interventions for the various categories of young people in SSA with relevant information on comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS.
Rapid Mass Spectrometric Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer via Urine Carbonyl Metabolic Fingerprints
Authors: Nie Zongxiu , Li Yuze , Jiang Lixia , Wang Zhenpeng , Cao Xiaohua , Meng Lingwei , Fan Jinghan , Wang Guanghui , Xiong Caiqiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC) is currently based on cystoscopy, which is invasive and expensive. Here, we described a non-invasive, low-cost BC diagnosis method based on a desorption, separation, and ionization mass spectrometry platform (DSI-MS) that adopts N, N- Dimethylethylenediamine (DMED) as a differential labeling reagent. The DSI-MS platform avoids the interferences from intra- and/or inter-samples, while the DMED increases detection sensitivity and distinguishes carboxyl, aldehyde, and ketone groups from untreated samples. Carbonyl metabolic fingerprints of urine from 28 BC patients and 38 controls were portrayed and significant differences of some potential biomarkers were observed. The mechanisms of the changes have been discussed. Logistic regression (LR) was applied to discriminate BC from controls and an accuracy of 87% was achieved. We believe this patient-friendly method provides a hopeful approach for BC rapid point-of-care diagnostic.
Evaluation of the Role of Water-Soluble Contrast Administration in Management of Patients with Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: Shaban Hamdy , Abu-Elela Sameh T , faisal mohammed , Bakr Ahmed Abo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Adhesive intestinal obstruction is a common post-operative cause of hospitalization. This study aims to evaluate the oral administration of water-soluble contrast on the outcome of patients with adhesive intestinal obstruction in regard to recovery, operative rate and hospital stay.Methods: In this prospective randomized trial, patients were randomized into two groups: gastrografin (GG) and traditional treatment group (TT). in the gastrografin group (GG)after stomach was emptied through a nasogastric tube, the water soluble contrast follow-through was performed within 24 h of hospital admission using 100 mL of 76% gastrografin injected through the nasogastric tube and erect ,supine abdominal x-ray was taken(at 8,12,24h)later. The endpoints of the study were to evaluate the time interval between admission and relief of obstruction, the length of hospital stay and the need for surgery. Results: Fifty-four patients with a mean age 45 ±2.4years, 25(46.3%) males and 29(53.7%) females. The number of patients who were successfully conservatively treated in the gastrografin group was 22(81.5%), which was significantly higher than 13(48.1%) in the traditional group. among these patients, mean hospital stay in gastrograffin group was 31.3±4.5 hours, which was significant shorter than 48.9±8.2hours in traditional group(p=0.004). Conclusions: Administration of an oral water-soluble contrast agent in postoperative adhesive bowel obstruction helps in the earlier resolution of the obstruction, decreases the length of hospital stay and the need for surgery.
Global transcriptomic profiles of circulating leucocytes in early lactation cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis
Authors: Cheng Zhangrui , Buggiotti Laura , Salavati Mazdak , Marchitelli Cinzia , Palma-Vera Sergio , Wylie Alistair , Takeda Haruko , Tang Lijing , Crowe Mark A , Wathes D Claire 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland, is classified as subclinical or clinical. Circulating neutrophils are recruited to the udder to combat infection. We compared the transcriptomic profiles in circulating leukocytes between healthy cows and those with naturally occurring subclinical or clinical mastitis.Methods and ResultsHolstein Friesian dairy cows from six farms in EU countries were recruited. Based on milk somatic cell count and clinical records, cows were classified as healthy (n = 144), subclinically (n = 48) or clinically mastitic (n = 22). Circulating leukocyte RNA was sequenced with Illumina NextSeq single end reads (30 M). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups were identified using a DESeq2 package, followed by GO enrichment analysis. Both subclinical and clinical mastitis caused significant changes in the leukocyte transcriptome, with more intensive changes attributed to clinical mastitis. We detected 491 DEGs between clinical and healthy groups, 350 DEGs between subclinical and healthy groups and 170 DEGs between clinical and subclinical groups. Most DEGs were associated with cell killing and immune processes. Many upregulated DEGs in clinical mastitis encoded antimicrobial peptides (AZU1, CAMP, CATHL1, CATHL2, CATHL4, CATHL5, CATHL6, DEFB1, DEFB10, DEFB4A, DEFB7, LCN2, PGLYRP1, S100A9, TF and LTF) which were not upregulated in subclinical mastitis. This suggests that the leukocytes may have greater killing capacity in cows with clinical mastitis.ConclusionWe have, for the first time, described circulating leukocyte transcriptomic profiles in naturally occurring subclinical mastitis and assessed their differences from healthy cows and those with clinical mastitis.
Marine storms in coastal tourist areas of the Canary Islands
Authors: Luque Amalia Yanes , Báez José Ángel Rodríguez , Suárez Pablo Máyer , Antequera Pedro Dorta , Díez Abel López , Pacheco Jaime Díaz , Chacón Emma Pérez 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The small island areas oriented to coastal tourism are highly vulnerable to marine storms, given the fluctuation of this economic sector and the increase of its exposure due to the increasing anthropogenic presence on the coastline. In this context, the storms between 1958 and 2017 are studied here in the most important tourist enclaves of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, located in the municipalities of Arona and Adeje (SW of Tenerife) and in San Bartolomé de Tirajana and Mogán (S-SW of Gran Canaria). In order to perform the analysis, wave data from State Ports (Spain) (SIMAR-44 nodes, Ministry of Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda of Spain) are used. A statistical study of the phenomena can help establish a threshold for the identification of a marine storm based on a significant wave height (Hs) of 2.7 meters in Arona and Adeje and 1.7 meters in San Bartolomé de Tirajana and Mogán. The application of this threshold identified 144 episodes in the SW of Tenerife and 154 in the S-SW of Gran Canaria. Their behavior is examined from, on the one hand, the duration, seasonality, type of waves and degree of severity that characterizes them; and, on the other, from the state of the atmosphere that concurs in its genesis by means of the Wetterzentrale synoptic maps. Finally, a first assessment of the effects of these stormy phenomena is made using local press reports on drowning, damage to urban furniture and port infrastructures and loss of sand on the beaches.
The Analysis of Outcomes of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors: A Single-institute Study
Authors: Go Kyeong-O , Hwang Kihwan , Han Jung Ho , Choi Hyoung Soo , Kim Yu Jung , Choi Byung Se , Kim In Ah , Choe Gheeyoung , Cho Byung-Kyu , Kim Chae-Yong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: For analyzing the epidemiology and treatment according to the KSPNO protocol results of germ cell tumor patients at our institution.Methods: From 2004 to 2019, of 6494 patients with intracranial neoplasms, 61 (0.9%) patients with iGCTs were enrolled. Pediatric patients underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy according to the Korean Society for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (KSPNO) protocol, and adult patients were treated with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) regimens. Survival rates, recurrence rates, and posttreatment morbidity were analyzed to identify risk factors. Results: The median age was 20.0 years (range: 1-42), and the follow-up duration was 77.7 months (range: 10.0-203.4 months). The tumors developed most frequently in the pineal gland (49.2%). There were no significant differences in outcomes between protocols, but the KSPNO protocol group had lower tumor recurrence (14.8% vs. 17.6%, p=0.524) and mortality rates (0% vs. 5.9%, p=0.307) than the other groups. According to the pathological subtype, the outcomes were significantly different between the germinoma and nongerminomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT) groups. The 10-year progression-free survival rates were 93.2% and 67.1% in the germinoma and NGGCT groups, respectively (p = 0.009). The NGGCT pathological type (p=0.021) was a significant recurrence-associated factor in the multivariate analysis. Significant adverse occurred in 14 patients (7 patients in each group).Conclusions: Pure germinomas have a higher survival and lower recurrence rate than NGGCTs. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to select appropriate iGCT treatments, and reducing the radiation dose could minimize posttreatment morbidity.Clinical trial registrationNot applicable
Coexpression Analysis Identified PcMYB25 as a Patchoulol Synthase Gene Activator to Enhance Patchouli Alcohol Biosynthesis in Pogostemon Cablin
Authors: Zhou Xuanxuan , Wang Xilin , Huang Huiling , Wu Daidi , Wang Xiaobing , Zhong Baiyang , Li Junren , Chen Xiuchen , Zhan Ruoting , chen likai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Patchouli alcohol is an effective component of the medicinal plant patchouli. Similar to other secondary metabolites, its synthesis is also regulated by transcription factors. Although the biosynthetic pathway of patchouli alcohol has been characterized, the regulatory mechanism of patchouli alcohol has not been fully revealed. Results This study combined the transcriptome data of patchouli leaves treated with different hormones and WGCNA to complete the coexpression network. The modules related to patchouli alcohol were identified, and PcMYB25 played a crucial role in regulating patchouli alcohol biosynthesis. The overexpression of PcMYB25 can promote the expression of PTS , thereby increasing the content of patchouli alcohol. Conclusions This is the first reporter that MYB25 regulates the secondary metabolism of patchouli. These experimental results lay the foundation for further analysis of the regulatory mechanism of patchouli alcohol synthesis.
Association of perioperative adverse events with subsequent therapy and overall survival in patients with WHO grade III and IV gliomas
Authors: Weber Lorenz , Müller Timothy , Velz Julia , Vasella Flavio , Voglis Stefanos , Padevit Luis , Gramatzki Dorothee , Weller Michael , Regli Luca , Sarnthein Johannes , Neidert Marian Christoph 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Maximum-safe-resection followed by chemoradiotherapy as current standard of care for WHO grade III and IV gliomas can be influenced by the occurrence of perioperative adverse events (AE). The aim of this study was to determine the association of AE with the timing and choice of subsequent treatments as well as with overall survival (OS).
Methods

Prospectively collected data of 283 adult patients undergoing surgery for WHO grade III or IV gliomas at the University Hospital Zurich were analysed. We assessed basic patient characteristics, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), extent of resection (EOR), WHO grade, and we classified AE as well as modality, timing of subsequent treatment (delay, interruption or non-initiation) and OS.
Results

In 117 patients (41%), an AE was documented between surgery and 3-months follow-up. There was a significant association of AE with an increased time to initiation of subsequent therapy (p = 0.005) and a higher rate of interruption (p < 0.001) or non-initiation (p < 0.001). AE grades correlated with time to initiation of subsequent therapy (p = 0.038). AE were associated with shorter OS in univariate analysis (p < 0.001).
Conclusion

AE are associated with delayed and/or altered subsequent therapy and worse OS in WHO grade III and IV glioma patients. These data emphasize and quanitfy the importance of safety within the maximum-safe-resection concept.
Modulation of Plant Functional Traits Under Essential Plant Nutrients During Seasonal Regime in Natural Forests of Garhwal Himalayas
Authors: kumar Amit , Kumar Parmanand , Singh Hukum , Kumar Narendra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aim: We estimated that how seasonality in conjunction with key climatic variables affects morphological and physiological plant functional traits (PFTs) and soil essential (micro and macro) nutrients in oak, pine, and mixed forests. Method: The different PFTs were tested using several laboratory methods and also using the portable photosynthesis system Li-COR 6400 XT, Lincoln NE, USA. Likewise, some chemical traits and soil nutrients were analysed by using CHNS analyser.Results: In this study, physiological traits such as CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were found to be significantly higher in the rainy season followed by summer and winter seasons. Among the different forest land uses, physiological traits and resource use efficiency have been significantly higher in oak forest (OF) compared to the mixed forest (MF) and pine forest (PF). Likewise, the concentration of macro-micro nutrients was also recorded higher during the rainy season. The concentration of macro-micro nutrients was higher in OF than in MF and PF in different forest land uses. Conclusion: Changes in PFTs ultimately affect the ecosystem services imparted by the different forests. Such changes lead to the local adaptation of these forests through the interaction between PFTs and soil nutrients.
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of 1,7-dibenzyl substituted theophylline derivatives as novel BRD4-BD1 selective inhibitors
Authors: Chang Ying-Jie , Zhang Jin-Ge , Yang Shuang-Shuang , Lu Wan-Ying , Ding Li-Na , Zheng Yi-Chao , li wen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 ( BRD4 ), an epigenetic reader, has been recognized as a target with therapeutic potential in several types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, a series of 1,7-dibenzyl substituted theophylline derivatives were synthesized and their BRD4 inhibitor activities were evaluated. Most of the compounds showed detectable activities with IC 50 values in the range of 2.51–10.50 µM. Therein, compound 6e showed significant selectivity for two bromodomains of BRD4, the inhibition of BD1 ( IC 50 = 2.51 µM ) was 20 times greater than that of BD2 (IC 50 > 50 µM). Similarly, compounds 6b – 6d, 6f, 6j and 8a also displayed favorable BRD4-BD1 selectivity. In addition, molecular docking of compound 6e was performed to predict conceivable binding patterns of it with BRD4, prompting residue Ile146 might be crucial to the observed selectivity of BRD4-BD1. These findings will be of great value and significance for the development of novel BRD4-BD1 inhibitors.
A heuristic configuration solving process planning method for mechanical product configuration by imitating the crystal crystallization process
Authors: Zhang Shuyou , Ge Wenqi , wang zili , Qiu Lemiao , Zhou Huifang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Configuration design is a process of composing customized product from a set of predefined component types with a set of well-defined rules which decide how items can be selected and combined. The configuration solving process is to instantiate all component types into instances. However, the configurator faces a problem of how to determine the instantiation order of component types in the configuration solving process. An unreasonable instantiation order may reduce the accuracy of the configuration result and extend the time required to finish the configuration. In response to the above problem, a heuristic configuration solving process planning method by imitating the crystal crystallization process (CCP) was proposed. According to the product configuration rules, the frequent itemset mining algorithm was used to mine the correlation between the attribute parameters of product configuration unit. By imitating the CCP and utilizing the calculated coupling strength, the configurator will determine a suitable instantiation sequence for component types. This method has been applied in the GB10 elevator produced by Canny Elevator. It is found that the configuration accuracy has been improved and the consumption of time has been reduced.
Machine Learning-Based Image Analysis for Accelerating the Diagnosis of Complicated Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Ductal Lesions in Breast Biopsy Tissues
Authors: Sato Shinya , Maki Satoshi , Yamanaka Takashi , Hoshino Daisuke , Ota Yukihide , Yoshioka Emi , Kawachi Kae , Washimi Kota , Suzuki Masaki , Ohkubo Yoichiro , Yamashita Toshinari , Ohtori Seiji , Miyagi Yohei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Diagnosis of breast preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions is difficult due to their similar morphology in breast biopsy specimens. To diagnose these lesions, pathologists perform immunohistochemical analysis and consult with expert breast pathologists. These additional examinations are time-consuming and expensive. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based image analysis has recently improved, and may help in ordinal pathological diagnosis. Here, we showed the significance of machine learning-based image analysis of breast preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions for facilitating high-throughput diagnosis.Methods: Images were obtained from normal mammary glands, hyperplastic lesions, preneoplastic lesions and neoplastic lesions, such as usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), columnar cell lesion (CCL), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and DCIS with comedo necrosis (comedo DCIS) in breast biopsy specimens. The original enhanced convoluted neural network (CNN) system was used for analyzing the pathological images. Results: The AI-based image analysis provided the following area under the curve values (AUC): normal lesion vs. DCIS, 0.9902; DCIS vs. comedo DCIS, 0.9942; normal lesion vs. CCL, 0.9786; and UDH vs. DCIS, 1.000. Multiple comparison analysis showed precision and recall scores similar to those of single comparison analysis. Based on the Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) used to visualize the important regions reflecting the result of CNN analysis, the ratio of stromal tissue in the whole weighted area was significantly higher in UDH and CCL than that in DCIS. Conclusions: These analyses may provide a more accurate and rapid pathological diagnosis of patients. Moreover, Grad-CAM identifies uncharted important histological characteristics for newer pathological findings and targets of research for understanding diseases.