bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does refugee inflow affect urban crime? Evidence from the U.S. Indochinese refugee resettlement
Authors: Chung Seung‐hun , Bae Jung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study the city‐level crime effects of immigration using a large migratory episode in U.S. cities: the resettlement of postwar Indochinese refugees in the 1970s–1980s. We examine the impact of these migratory inflows, where the destination of refugees was largely exogeneously determined, on the incidence of various types of crime by aggregating county‐level crime data. Results from a difference‐in‐differences analysis imply that the cities receiving the heaviest inflows of refugees did not experience differential trends in property crime or violent crime rates following this period; while there is an upward impact on murder rates, pre‐trends do not match for this variable, and further analysis via the synthetic control method show that any upward impact is driven primarily by a temporary (5 years at most) surge in three metropolitan statistical areas. Our results suggest that consistent with prior literature, even a large refugee inflow may not by itself generate persistent crime increases.
Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions Towards Diversity: From Simple Substrates to Functionalized Carbo‐ and Heterocycles
Authors: Michelet Véronique 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe field of gold catalysis has been in constant expansion during the last twenty years. Based on the precept of π‐activation of unsaturated simple substrates, several new rearrangements have been discovered, implying aryl, alkyne, alkene or keto derivatives as key partners. In this personal account, the main contributions in the field of gold catalysis from our group will be highlighted, emphasizing the recent reports, starting from 1,6‐ and 1,5‐enynes and then moving to keto‐ynes derivatives. The gold‐catalyzed reactions will be presented starting from classical skeletal rearrangements (cycloisomerization) and then domino processes. In each part, the presentation of asymmetric versions will be highlighted.
Epistemic uncertainty and the support of productive struggle during scientific modeling for knowledge co‐development
Authors: Chen Ying‐Chih 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is a considerable amount of research on the nature and effectiveness of modeling as applied to student learning in science. However, few studies have examined the role of students' epistemic uncertainty in modeling and how teachers collaborate with students to recognize and utilize it as a pedagogical resource to support productive struggle for the co‐development of scientific knowledge. This single case study focuses on how one fifth‐grade teacher and her students used epistemic uncertainty as a resource to engage in modeling as they co‐developed knowledge through building, revising, and finalizing models. Data were collected 16 lessons across 4 weeks when students learned the role of the respiratory system in the breathing process. Multiple strategies to manage students' epistemic uncertainty for productive struggle were identified across four phases of modeling. Phase 1, Problematizing a phenomenon: using student epistemic uncertainty to contextualize and format a problem, Phase 2, Material practice: recognizing and supporting student epistemic uncertainty that may cause struggle, failure, and opportunity for rebuilding a model, Phase 3, Argumentative practice: critiquing and decomposing student epistemic uncertainty to find possible solutions, and Phase 4, Conceptualizing theory and application of final models: having students use different representations of their final models to theoretically explain the target phenomenon. By providing an empirical account of the evolution of students' knowledge co‐development, this study suggests that productive modeling should encompass the variation of student epistemic uncertainties as an effective resource to cumulatively engage students through the different phases of modeling in the productive struggle to sense‐make and develop a coherent understanding of scientific knowledge and practice. As such, students have opportunities to reflect on and generate their own knowledge in the sensemaking process, rather than just replicate knowledge from textbooks or authorities.
Investigation of the effects of hesperidin administration on abamectin‐induced testicular toxicity in rats through oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and JAK2/STAT3 pathways
Authors: Gur Cihan , Kandemir Ozge , Kandemir Fatih Mehmet 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, the potential effects of hesperidin (HES) on chronic toxicity caused by abamectin (ABM) in the testicular tissue were investigated through oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, and autophagy pathways. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. Animals in the ABM group were orally administered 1 mg/kg ABM every other day for 28 days, while HES used against ABM was given at 100 or 200 mg/kg 30 min after ABM administration for 28 days. Markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, ERS, apoptosis, and autophagy in the testicular tissues removed after the animals are sacrificed were analyzed using biochemical, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), or western blot techniques. The results obtained showed that ABM caused oxidative stress, and triggered ERS, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. On the other hand, HES showed antioxidant effect by increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities, and glutathione levels in testis tissue and attenuated lipid peroxidation. Accordingly, MAPK14 reduced the NF‐κB, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 expression levels, presenting an anti‐inflammatory effect. In addition, Bax protected against apoptosis and autophagy by reducing the caspase‐3, beclin‐1, LC3A, and LC3B expressions, and increasing Bcl‐2 expression. It was observed that HES also interrupted the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by suppressing IL‐6 expression. Taken into consideration together, HES provided significant protection against the destruction caused by ABM in testicular tissue with antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and anti‐autophagic effects. Thus, it was revealed that HES has the potential to serve as an alternative treatment option in ABM toxicity.
The continuum and leading twist limits of parton distribution functions in lattice QCD
Authors: Karpie Joseph , Orginos Kostas , Radyushkin Anatoly , Zafeiropoulos Savvas ,   for the HadStruc collaboration
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we present continuum limit results for the unpolarized parton distribution function of the nucleon computed in lattice QCD. This study is the first continuum limit using the pseudo-PDF approach with Short Distance Factorization for factorizing lattice QCD calculable matrix elements. Our findings are also compared with the pertinent phenomenological determinations. Inter alia, we are employing the summation Generalized Eigenvalue Problem (sGEVP) technique in order to optimize our control over the excited state contamination which can be one of the most serious systematic errors in this type of calculations. A crucial novel ingredient of our analysis is the parameterization of systematic errors using Jacobi polynomials to characterize and remove both lattice spacing and higher twist contaminations, as well as the leading twist distribution. This method can be expanded in further studies to remove all other systematic errors.
Long Time Behaviour of a Local Perturbation in the Isotropic XY Chain Under Periodic Forcing
Authors: Corsi Livia , Genovese Giuseppe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study the isotropic XY quantum spin chain with a time-periodic transverse magnetic field acting on a single site. The asymptotic dynamics is described by a highly resonant Floquet–Schrödinger equation, for which we show the existence of a periodic solution if the forcing frequency is away from a discrete set of resonances. This in turn implies the state of the quantum spin chain to be asymptotically a periodic function synchronised with the forcing, also at arbitrarily low non-resonant frequencies. The behaviour at the resonances remains a challenging open problem.
Congruence Normality of Simplicial Hyperplane Arrangements via Oriented Matroids
Authors: Cuntz Michael , Elia Sophia , Labbé Jean-Philippe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA catalogue of simplicial hyperplane arrangements was first given by Grünbaum in 1971. These arrangements naturally generalize finite Coxeter arrangements and also the weak order through the poset of regions. The weak order is known to be a congruence normal lattice, and congruence normality of lattices of regions of simplicial arrangements can be determined using polyhedral cones called shards. In this article, we update Grünbaum’s catalogue by providing normals realizing all known simplicial arrangements with up to 37 lines and key invariants. Then we add structure to this catalogue by determining which arrangements always/sometimes/never lead to congruence normal lattices of regions. To this end, we use oriented matroids to recast shards as covectors to determine congruence normality of large hyperplane arrangements. We also show that lattices of regions coming from finite Weyl groupoids of any rank are always congruence normal.
Taxonomically and Functionally Distinct Ciliophora Assemblages Inhabiting Baltic Sea Ice
Authors: Majaneva Markus , Rintala Janne-Markus , Blomster Jaanika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCiliophora is a phylum of unicellular eukaryotes that are common and have pivotal roles in aquatic environments. Sea ice is a marine habitat, which is composed of a matrix of solid ice and pockets of saline water in which Ciliophora thrive. Here, we used phylogenetic placement to identify Ciliophora 18S ribosomal RNA reads obtained from wintertime water and sea ice, and assigned functions to the reads based on this taxonomic information. Based on our results, sea-ice Ciliophora assemblages are poorer in taxonomic and functional richness than under-ice water and water-column assemblages. Ciliophora diversity stayed stable throughout the ice-covered season both in sea ice and in water, although the assemblages changed during the course of our sampling. Under-ice water and the water column were distinctly predominated by planktonic orders Choreotrichida and Oligotrichida, which led to significantly lower taxonomic and functional evenness in water than in sea ice. In addition to planktonic Ciliophora, assemblages in sea ice included a set of moderately abundant surface-oriented species. Omnivory (feeding on bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes) was the most common feeding type but was not as predominant in sea ice as in water. Sea ice included cytotrophic (feeding on unicellular eukaryotes), bacterivorous and parasitic Ciliophora in addition to the predominant omnivorous Ciliophora. Potentially mixotrophic Ciliophora predominated the water column and heterotrophic Ciliophora sea ice. Our results highlight sea ice as an environment that creates a set of variable habitats, which may be threatened by the diminishing extent of sea ice due to changing climate.
Efficient adoptive transfer of autologous modified B cells: a new humanized platform mouse model for testing B cells reprogramming therapies
Authors: Page Audrey , Laurent Emilie , Nègre Didier , Costa Caroline , Pierre Véronique , Defrance Thierry , Cosset François-Loïc , Fusil Floriane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHere, we report a novel experimental setup to perform adoptive transfer of gene-edited B cells using humanized immune system mice by infusing autologous HIS mouse-derived human B cells “educated” in a murine context and thus rendered tolerant to the host. The present approach presents two advantages over the conventional humanized PBMC mouse models: (i) it circumvents the risk of xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction and (ii) it mimics more closely human immune responses, thus favoring clinical translation. We show that the frequencies and numbers of transduced B cells in recipient’s spleens one week post-transfer are within the range of the size of the pre-immune B cell population specific for a given protein antigen in the mouse. They are also compatible with the B cell numbers required to elicit a sizeable immune response upon immunization. Altogether, our findings pave the way for future studies aiming at assessing therapeutic interventions involving B cell reprogramming for instance by an antibody transgene in a “humanized” hematopoietic setting.
Translocation of non-lytic antimicrobial peptides and bacteria penetrating peptides across the inner membrane of the bacterial envelope
Authors: Frimodt-Møller Jakob , Campion Christopher , Nielsen Peter E. , Løbner-Olesen Anders 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe increase in multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria has become a problem worldwide. Currently there is a strong focus on the development of novel antimicrobials, including antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and antimicrobial antisense agents. While the majority of AMP have membrane activity and kill bacteria through membrane disruption, non-lytic AMP are non-membrane active, internalize and have intracellular targets. Antimicrobial antisense agents such as peptide nucleic acids (PNA) and phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO), show great promise as novel antibacterial agents, killing bacteria by inhibiting translation of essential target gene transcripts. However, naked PNA and PMO are unable to translocate across the cell envelope of bacteria, to reach their target in the cytosol, and are conjugated to bacteria penetrating peptides (BPP) for cytosolic delivery. Here, we discuss how non-lytic AMP and BPP-PMO/PNA conjugates translocate across the cytoplasmic membrane via receptor-mediated transport, such as the cytoplasmic membrane transporters SbmA, MdtM/YjiL, and/or YgdD, or via a less well described autonomous process.
Laissez-faire versus Pareto
Authors: Bosmans Kristof , Öztürk Z. Emel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConsider two principles for social evaluation. The first, “laissez-faire”, says that mean-preserving redistribution away from laissez-faire incomes should be regarded as a social worsening. This principle captures a key aspect of libertarian political philosophy. The second, weak Pareto, states that an increase in the disposable income of each individual should be regarded as a social improvement. We show that the combination of the two principles implies that total disposable income ought to be maximized. Strikingly, the relationship between disposable incomes and laissez-faire incomes must therefore be ignored, leaving little room for libertarian values.
Voltammetric study of cefotaxime at the macroscopic and miniaturized interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions
Authors: Rudnicki Konrad , Sobczak Karolina , Kaliszczak Magdalena , Sipa Karolina , Powałka Emilia , Skrzypek Sławomira , Poltorak Lukasz , Herzog Gregoire 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of cefotaxime (CTX+) was investigated at the polarized macro- and micro-interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) by cyclic voltammetry and alternating current voltammetry. Miniaturization was achieved with fused silica microcapillary tubing entrapped in a polymeric casing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for the fabricated LLI support characterization. Voltammetric investigation of CTX+ at macro- and μ-ITIES allowed the determination of many physicochemical parameters, such as formal Galvani potential of the ion transfer reaction ($${\Delta }_{org}^{aq}{\varPhi}^{\prime }$$

Δ

org

aq

Φ

′

), diffusion coefficients (D), formal free Gibbs energy of the ion transfer reaction (∆G′aq → org), and water-1,2-dichloroethane partition coefficient ($${\log}{P}_{water/ DCE}^{CTX+}$$

log

P

w
a
t
e
r
/
D
C
E

C
T
X
+

). Additionally, based on the results obtained the analytical parameters including voltammetric sensitivity, limits of detection and the limits of quantification (in micromolar range) were calculated. The applicability of the developed procedures was verified in spiked still mineral and tap water samples.
Graphical abstract
Psychopathologies and socioeconomic status as risk indicators for periodontitis: a survey-based investigation in German dental practices
Authors: Lenk Maria , Noack Barbara , Weidner Kerstin , Lorenz Katrin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent multifactorial disease associated with various mental disorders. However, study results about this association are still contradictory. One methodological reason could be the neglect of potential confounders, such as socioeconomic factors or mental comorbidity. Our study examined a wide range of potential psychosocial risk indicators to identify those with relevant associations to periodontitis.

Materials and methods
In a cross-sectional study, 111 patients with periodontitis (PERIO) (> 30% teeth with approximal attachment loss ≥ 5 mm) and 110 patients without periodontitis (NON-PERIO) were recruited in four dental practices in Germany. Clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, plaque, bleeding on probing, and DMFT were measured. Psychopathologic symptoms and socioeconomic status were recorded using self-report questionnaires (DAS, PHQ-8, GAD-7, CTS, SCOFF, AUDIT, FTND, SSS-8, SES).

Results
The PERIO group reported significantly lower socioeconomic status (Cohen’s d = 0.49) and higher psychopathological symptom burden than the NON-PERIO regarding dental anxiety (d = 0.86) and avoidance behavior, nicotine dependency (d = 0.84), depressiveness (d = 0.46), general anxiety (d = 0.45), somatic symptoms (d = 0.42), and childhood traumatization (d = 0.34). No significant group differences existed for alcohol abuse and eating disorders. Dental anxiety was the strongest predictor of periodontitis and showed significant correlations with other psychopathologies and social status.

Conclusions
Out of all psychosocial factors, socioeconomic status and dental anxiety showed the greatest association with periodontitis.

Clinical relevance
Dentists should encourage socially disadvantaged and dentally anxious patients in the utilization of prevention and dental care. Furthermore, physicians and psychotherapists can contribute to the early detection of dental anxiety, oral diseases, and avoidance behavior.
The acceptability of a therapist-assisted internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy program for the treatment of anxiety disorders in adolescents: a qualitative study
Authors: Smart Katy , Smith Lydia , Harvey Kate , Waite Polly 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComputerized treatments have been shown to be effective in young people with anxiety disorders. However, there has been limited investigation into the experiences of adolescents in undertaking this treatment. This qualitative study explored adolescents’ experiences of being treated for an anxiety disorder, using an online intervention with therapist support, as part of a randomised controlled trial. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years, who had received the online intervention. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Two cross-cutting themes were identified: (i) Usability of the program, and (ii) Putting techniques into practice. Although the convenience of online sessions was recognised as positive, many of the adolescents expressed a preference for face-to-face sessions. The length of sessions and the large amount of reading involved was highlighted by most participants. The transdiagnostic nature of the content meant some elements of the programme were seen as less relevant. While many participants appreciated the ‘fun’ aspect of the program, others felt that certain aspects of the program were not suitable for their age group. Exposure, psychoeducation and cognitive restructuring were generally received positively, whereas responses to the use of relaxation and rewards were much more mixed. Our findings highlight the potential utility for online treatments delivered with therapist support. However, they also highlight how issues with both the format and treatment components can impact the acceptability of a program. As such, further work is warranted to improve the acceptability of online treatments for adolescents with anxiety disorders.
Economic tradeoff between domestic well impact and reduced agricultural production with groundwater drought management: Tulare County, California (USA), case study
Authors: Stone Kathleen M. , Gailey Robert M. , Lund Jay R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFormal policy analysis can aid resource management where groundwater is used intensively. Approaches for developing equitable and effective pumping allocations for drought are evaluated in the context of the 2012–2016 drought in Tulare County, California, USA. Potential economic impacts of policy alternatives on two user groups with conflicting interests are considered. Tradeoffs between losses of agricultural profit and response costs for domestic wells that run dry are estimated for various maximum groundwater depth policies. A welfare maximizing approach for identifying policies that limit depth to groundwater is evaluated and found to be ineffective because agricultural opportunity costs are much larger than domestic well costs. Adding a fee for additional drought groundwater pumping is proposed as a more impactful and balanced management policy approach. For the case study presented, a fee range of $300 to $600/acre-foot ($300–$600/1,233 m3) yielded an effective groundwater management policy for reducing domestic well impacts from drought and balancing agricultural impacts of drought with the need to replenish additional drought pumping in wetter years. Recent management policies enacted in the study area agree with this finding. These results may provide a useful perspective for analytically examining and developing groundwater management policies near the study area and elsewhere.
Schoolchildren’s autobiographical memory: COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism effects on emotional content and quality of first memories
Authors: Tõugu Pirko , Tulviste Tiia , Veidebaum Toomas , Harro Jaanus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAutobiographical memory is a cognitive function strongly related to emotional processing as autobiographical memory often includes emotional content. The COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism is associated with both cognitive and emotional processing. COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism effects on the emotional content and quality of Estonian schoolchildren’s first autobiographical memories were investigated in the present study. In addition, gender effects were considered and the emotional valence of the first memory was taken into account. Schoolchildren’s (N = 234) first memories were coded for valence, emotion words, specificity, and details. Girls were more likely to provide specific memories and recollections with an emotional valence than boys were. Children described memories with a positive or a negative valence in more detail than neutral memories. Interactions between the COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism and gender and valence of the events were detected: Val/Met heterozygotes provided fewer details for emotional events; Val/Met heterozygote boys reported fewer details for their first memories than Val/Met heterozygote girls did; Met/Met homozygote children provided fewer evaluative details for emotional events.