bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA barcoding of rumen flukes (Paramphistomidae) from bovines in Germany and Austria
Authors: Wiedermann Sandra , Harl Josef , Fuehrer Hans-Peter , Mayr Sandra , Schmid Juliane , Hinney Barbara , Rehbein Steffen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRumen flukes have received growing veterinary attention in western and central Europe during the past two decades because of an increase in prevalence of infection in cattle and sheep, including cases of severe clinical disease. Historically, rumen fluke infections in Europe were assumed to be caused mainly by Paramphistomum cervi (or species, which were later considered to be synonymous with P. cervi), but more recently molecular studies demonstrated Calicophoron daubneyi to be the predominating species. For the present investigation, adult rumen flukes isolated from 23 cattle originating from ten farms in Germany (Saxony [1], Baden-Württemberg [4], Bavaria [5]) and one farm in Austria (Tyrol) were analyzed to establish partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the complete sequence of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Flukes of five animals (dairy cows from three farms in Bavaria) were determined as P. leydeni, and flukes of 18 animals (dairy cows or cattle from cow-calf operations from eight farms in Saxony [1], Baden-Württemberg [4], Bavaria [2], and Tyrol [1]) were identified as C. daubneyi. Based on the molecular analysis of adult rumen flukes collected from cattle, the results of this investigation confirm the common occurrence of C. daubneyi in Germany and reveal the first definitive findings of P. leydeni in Germany and C. daubneyi in Austria.
Spatiotemporal change detection of carbon storage and sequestration in an arid ecosystem by integrating Google Earth Engine and InVEST (the Jiroft plain, Iran)
Authors: Adelisardou F. , Zhao W. , Chow R. , Mederly P. , Minkina T. , Schou J. S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOur study uses regional-scale maps to quantify carbon storage and sequestration from different land use types to evaluate the effects of future land use scenarios. We developed an integrated modeling approach to assess the spatiotemporal impacts of land use/cover change (LUCC) on the provision and value of the carbon storage and sequestration during the historical period (2000–2019) and predicted scenarios (2019–2046) in the Jiroft plain, Iran. We integrated several analytic tools for our analysis, which was comprised of Google Earth Engine (GEE), Cellular Automata Markov Chain (CA-MC) model, Intensity Analysis (IAA), and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. Our results demonstrate that: (1) agriculture and urban expansion led to a considerable decrease in carbon storage, mainly due to rapid deforestation from 2000–2019; (2) if the historical trend continues under the business as usual (BAU) scenario, it will lead to considerable social costs due to the loss of stored carbon in the plain (2,624,113 Mg) with an annual average sequestration loss of −475,547 Mg; (3) the downward carbon sequestration trend could potentially be reversed by employing the environmentally sound planning (ESP) scenario that is estimated to save 3,705,491 Mg in carbon storage, with annual average sequestration gain of + 605,830 Mg. The design scenarios provide a useful guide for policymakers and local governments to help understand the potential outcomes of the various development strategies, which will ultimately lead to more effective ecosystem management.
Modelling, simulation and implementation of a hybrid model reference adaptive controller applied to a manipulator driven by pneumatic artificial muscles
Authors: Bomfim Marcelo Henrique Souza , Monteiro Neemias Silva , Lima II Eduardo José 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present research aims to model, simulate and implement a new hybrid control approach based on a combination of proportional integral derivative (PID) Controller and Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC), in which Lyapunov’s theory is used to ensure asymptotic stability to control a two degrees of freedom (DoF) manipulator driven by McKibben’s artificial pneumatic muscles. The MRAC controller works as a nonlinearity compensator and PID controller works during the transient period, as the MRAC performs poorly in this regime. This new approach is entitled Hybrid Model Reference Adaptive Controller (H-MRAC) and it has an unprecedented topological structure based on three terms. The feedforward term acts in disturbances rejection, the derivative term in oscillations damping and the feedback term acts in error convergence to zero. In this article, a control system dedicated to pneumatic manipulators was developed. As a result, proof of asymptotic convergence was performed for the proposed topological approach, which was validated on a two DoF manipulator. The proposed mechanism satisfactorily met the ISO/TS 15066 standard, and the position tracking obtained a global error of 37.69% and 51.01% smaller than found in the literature examples, entitled MRAC and A-PID, respectively, for simulations and 37.46% and 30.25% for experiments.
Salutogenesis, nutritional status and eating behaviour: a systematic review
Authors: Veiga Gabriela Rossiter Stux , Padilha Bruna Merten , Bueno Nassib Bezerra , Santos Jessiane Rejane Lima , Nunes Lara Fernanda , Florencio Telma MM Toledo , Lima Marília de Carvalho 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the relationship between the sense of coherence (SOC), eating behaviour and nutritional status.Design:It is a systematic review.Setting:The following databases were searched: MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct/Elsevier, LILACS/Bireme, SciELO and Google Scholar, using the indexed terms ‘salutogenesis’, ‘sense of coherence’, ‘nutritional status’, ‘nutrition’, ‘eating behavior’ and ‘healthy eating’. The indexed terms were used in Portuguese and English according to the database searched. The data were extracted in a standardised way and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.Participants:Observational studies were included, with no limitations on the date of publication or language.Results:After reading the titles and abstracts of 1855 articles, 107 full texts were retrieved, of which 27 were included. Of these, twenty-five were cross-sectional and two were longitudinal. The average score for Newcastle–Ottawa studies was 6 and most studies were rated as moderate and low quality. The cumulative sample size of all included studies was 28 981 adults and the elderly, aged between 18 and 81 years. The studies were carried out in fifteen different countries. Fifteen articles assessed eating behaviour/habit and twelve assessed nutritional status. Studies have shown that SOC has a positive relationship with an appropriate eating behaviour/habit. On the other hand, the relationship between SOC and nutritional status was controversial among studies. The heterogeneity of the data resulting from the use of different methods of evaluation of the outcomes of interest (nutritional status and eating behaviour) made it impossible to perform a meta-analysis.Conclusion:SOC was positively associated with adequate eating behaviour. However, it was not possible to establish a relationship between SOC and nutritional status.
Augmented reality and virtual reality displays: emerging technologies and future perspectives
Authors: Xiong Jianghao , Hsiang En-Lin , He Ziqian , Zhan Tao , Wu Shin-Tson 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith rapid advances in high-speed communication and computation, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are emerging as next-generation display platforms for deeper human-digital interactions. Nonetheless, to simultaneously match the exceptional performance of human vision and keep the near-eye display module compact and lightweight imposes unprecedented challenges on optical engineering. Fortunately, recent progress in holographic optical elements (HOEs) and lithography-enabled devices provide innovative ways to tackle these obstacles in AR and VR that are otherwise difficult with traditional optics. In this review, we begin with introducing the basic structures of AR and VR headsets, and then describing the operation principles of various HOEs and lithography-enabled devices. Their properties are analyzed in detail, including strong selectivity on wavelength and incident angle, and multiplexing ability of volume HOEs, polarization dependency and active switching of liquid crystal HOEs, device fabrication, and properties of micro-LEDs (light-emitting diodes), and large design freedoms of metasurfaces. Afterwards, we discuss how these devices help enhance the AR and VR performance, with detailed description and analysis of some state-of-the-art architectures. Finally, we cast a perspective on potential developments and research directions of these photonic devices for future AR and VR displays.
Reversible magnetic spiral domain
Authors: Moon Kyoung-Woong , Yang Seungmo , Hwang Chanyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe various spiral structures that exist in nature inspire humanity because of their morphological beauty, and spiral structures are used in various fields, including architecture, engineering, and art. Spiral structures have their own winding directions, and in most spirals, it is difficult to reverse the predetermined winding direction. Here, we show that a rotating spiral exists in magnetic systems for which the winding direction can be easily reversed. A magnetization vector basically has a spiral motion combining a precessional and a damping motion. The application of these basic mechanics to a system composed of magnetic vectors that are affected by a radial current and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction forms the rotating magnetic spiral. The winding direction of the magnetic spiral has its own stability, but the direction can be changed using an external magnetic field. This magnetic spiral has a finite size, and the magnetic domain is destroyed at the edge of the spiral, which can create magnetic skyrmions.
Multiple nanocages of a cyanophage small heat shock protein with icosahedral and octahedral symmetries
Authors: Biswas Sreeparna , Garg Priyanka , Dutta Somnath , Suguna Kaza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe structures of a cyanophage small heat shock protein (sHSP) were determined as octahedrons of 24-mers and 48-mers and as icosahedrons of 60-mers. An N-terminal deletion construct of an 18 kDa sHSP of Synechococcus sp. phage S-ShM2 crystallized as a 24-mer and its structure was determined at a resolution of 7 Å. The negative stain electron microscopy (EM) images showed that the full-length protein is a mixture of a major population of larger and a minor population of smaller cage-like particles. Their structures have been determined by electron cryomicroscopy 3D image reconstruction at a resolution of 8 Å. The larger particles are 60-mers with icosahedral symmetry and the smaller ones are 48-mers with octahedral symmetry. These structures are the first of the viral/phage origin and the 60-mer is the largest and the first icosahedral assembly to be reported for sHSPs.
Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive performance, alters task-associated cerebral blood flow and decreases cortical neurovascular coupling-related hemodynamic responses
Authors: Csipo Tamas , Lipecz Agnes , Owens Cameron , Mukli Peter , Perry Jonathan W. , Tarantini Stefano , Balasubramanian Priya , Nyúl-Tóth Ádám , Yabluchanska Valeriya , Sorond Farzaneh A. , Kellawan J. Mikhail , Purebl György , Sonntag William E. , Csiszar Anna , Ungvari Zoltan , Yabluchanskiy Andriy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSleep deprivation (SD) is a common condition and an important health concern. In addition to metabolic and cardiovascular risks, SD associates with decreases in cognitive performance. Neurovascular coupling (NVC, "functional hyperemia") is a critical homeostatic mechanism, which maintains adequate blood supply to the brain during periods of intensive neuronal activity. To determine whether SD alters NVC responses and cognitive performance, cognitive and hemodynamic NVC assessments were conducted prior to and 24 h post-SD in healthy young male individuals (n = 10, 27 ± 3 years old). Cognition was evaluated with a battery of tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Hemodynamic components of NVC were measured by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) during cognitive stimulation, dynamic retinal vessel analysis (DVA) during flicker light stimulation, and functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during finger tapping motor task. Cognitive assessments revealed impairments in reaction time and sustained attention after 24 h of SD. Functional NIRS analysis revealed that SD significantly altered hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex and somatosensory cortex during a motor task. NVC-related vascular responses measured by DVA and TCD did not change significantly. Interestingly, TCD detected decreased task-associated cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the right middle cerebral artery in sleep deprived participants. Our results demonstrate that 24 h of SD lead to impairments in cognitive performance together with altered CBF and hemodynamic components of cortical NVC responses.
Wave based damage detection in solid structures using spatially asymmetric encoder–decoder network
Authors: Wuttke Frank , Lyu Hao , Sattari Amir S. , Rizvi Zarghaam H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe identification of structural damages takes a more and more important role within the modern economy, where often the monitoring of an infrastructure is the last approach to keep it under public use. Conventional monitoring methods require specialized engineers and are mainly time-consuming. This research paper considers the ability of neural networks to recognize the initial or alteration of structural properties based on the training processes. The presented model, a spatially asymmetric encoder–decoder network, is based on 1D-Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for wave field pattern recognition, or more specifically the wave field change recognition. The proposed model is used to identify the change within propagating wave fields after a crack initiation within the structure. The paper describes the implemented method and the required training procedure to get a successful crack detection accuracy, where the training data are based on the dynamic lattice model. Although the training of the model is still time-consuming, the proposed new method has an enormous potential to become a new crack detection or structural health monitoring approach within the conventional monitoring methods.
Case–control study of the association of chronic acid suppression and social determinants of health with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Zhang Bing , Silverman Anna L. , Bangaru Saroja , Arneson Douglas , Dasharathy Sonya , Nguyen Nghia , Rodden Diane , Shih Jonathan , Butte Atul J. , El-Nachef Wael Noor , Boland Brigid S. , Rudrapatna Vivek Ashok 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcid suppressants are widely-used classes of medications linked to increased risks of aerodigestive infections. Prior studies of these medications as potentially reversible risk factors for COVID-19 have been conflicting. We aimed to determine the impact of chronic acid suppression use on COVID-19 infection risk while simultaneously evaluating the influence of social determinants of health to validate known and discover novel risk factors. We assessed the association of chronic acid suppression with incident COVID-19 in a 1:1 case–control study of 900 patients tested across three academic medical centers in California, USA. Medical comorbidities and history of chronic acid suppression use were manually extracted from health records by physicians following a pre-specified protocol. Socio-behavioral factors by geomapping publicly-available data to patient zip codes were incorporated. We identified no evidence to support an association between chronic acid suppression and COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.92–1.17, P = 0.515). However, several medical and social features were positive (Latinx ethnicity, BMI ≥ 30, dementia, public transportation use, month of the pandemic) and negative (female sex, concurrent solid tumor, alcohol use disorder) predictors of new infection. These findings demonstrate the value of integrating publicly-available databases with medical data to identify critical features of communicable diseases.
The emergency discharge of sewage to the Bay of Gdańsk as a source of bacterial enrichment in coastal air
Authors: Michalska Małgorzata , Zorena Katarzyna , Marks Roman , Wąż Piotr 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to study the presence of potential pathogenic bacteria in the seawater and air in five coastal towns (Hel, Puck, Gdynia, Sopot, Gdańsk-Brzeźno) as well as the enrichment of bacteria from the seawater into the coastal air after an emergency discharge of sewage into the Bay of Gdańsk. A total of 594 samples of air and seawater were collected in the coastal zone between spring and summer (between 2014 and 2018). Air samples were collected using the impact method with a SAS Super ISO 100. The multivariate analysis, conducted using contingency tables, showed a statistically significant variation between the concentration of coliforms, psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria in the seawater microlayer and air in 2018, after an emergency discharge of sewage into the Bay of Gdańsk, compared to 2014–2017. Moreover, we detected a marine aerosol enrichment in psychrophilic, mesophilic bacteria, coliforms and Escherichia coli. We also showed a statistically significant relationship between the total concentration of bacteria and humidity, air temperature, speed and wind direction. This increased concentration of bacteria in the seawater and coastal air, and the high factor of air enrichment with bacteria maybe associated with the emergency discharge of wastewater into the Bay of Gdańsk. Therefore, it is suggested that in the event of a malfunction of a sewage treatment plant, as well as after floods or sudden rainfall, the public should be informed about the sanitary and epidemiological status of the coastal waters and be recommended to limit their use of coastal leisure areas.
A meta-analysis on RCTs of direct anterior and conventional approaches in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ramadanov Nikolai , Bueschges Simon , Lazaru Philip , Dimitrov Dobromir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses on short-term outcomes between total hip arthroplasty (THA) through direct anterior approach (DAA) compared to THA through conventional approaches (CAs) in treatment of hip diseases and fractures. We performed a systematic literature search up to March 1, 2021 to identify RCTs, comparing THA through DAA with THA through CAs. We calculated mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for continuous outcomes, using the DerSimonian and Laird method and a random effects model. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for dichotomous outcomes, using the Mantel–Haenszel method and a random effects model. Ten RCTs met the criteria for final meta-analysis, involving 1053 patients. Four studies were blinded RCTs with a level I evidence, the other 6 studies were non-blinded RCTs with a level II evidence. DAA had a longer operation time than CAs (MD = 17.8, 95% CI  4.8 to 30.8); DAA had similar results compared to CAs for incision length (MD = − 1.1, 95% CI − 4.1 to 1.8), for intraoperative blood loss (MD = 67.2, 95% CI − 34.8 to 169.1), for HHS 3 months postoperatively (MD = 2.4, 95% CI − 0.7 to 5.5), for HHS 6 months postoperatively (MD = 0.8, 95% CI − 1.9 to 3.5), for HHS 12 months postoperatively (MD = 0.9, 95% CI − 0.7 to 2.5), for pain VAS 1 day postoperatively (MD = − 0.9, 95% CI − 2.0 to 0.15), for acetabular cup anteversion angle (MD = − 4.3, 95% CI − 5.2 to − 3.5), for acetabular cup inclination angle (MD = − 0.5, 95% CI − 2.1 to 1.1) and for postoperative complications (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 0.5 to 12.4). Considering the overall results of our meta-analysis, we can conclude that THA through DAA showed similar short-term surgical, functional, radiological outcomes and postoperative complications compared to THA through CAs.
NF-κB regulation in maternal immunity during normal and IUGR pregnancies
Authors: Ariyakumar Gaayathri , Morris Jonathan M. , McKelvey Kelly J. , Ashton Anthony W. , McCracken Sharon A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a leading cause of perinatal death with no effective cure, affecting 5–10% pregnancies globally. Suppressed pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 immunity is necessary for pregnancy success. However, in IUGR, the inflammatory response is enhanced and there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms that lead to this abnormality. Regulation of maternal T-cells during pregnancy is driven by Nuclear Factor Kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), and we have previously shown that p65 degradation in maternal T-cells is induced by Fas activation. Placental exosomes expressing Fas ligand (FasL) have an immunomodulatory function during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism and source of NF-κB regulation required for successful pregnancy, and whether this is abrogated in IUGR. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrate that p65+ Th1/Th17 cells are reduced during normal pregnancy, but not during IUGR, and this phenotype is enforced when non-pregnant T-cells are cultured with normal maternal plasma. We also show that isolated exosomes from IUGR plasma have decreased FasL expression and are reduced in number compared to exosomes from normal pregnancies. In this study, we highlight a potential role for FasL+ exosomes to regulate NF-κB p65 in T-cells during pregnancy, and provide the first evidence that decreased exosome production may contribute to the dysregulation of p65 and inflammation underlying IUGR pathogenesis.
Single-stranded DNA binding proteins influence APOBEC3A substrate preference
Authors: Brown Amber L. , Collins Christopher D. , Thompson Secily , Coxon Margo , Mertz Tony M. , Roberts Steven A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe cytidine deaminase, APOBEC3A (A3A), is a prominent source of mutations in multiple cancer types. These APOBEC-signature mutations are non-uniformly distributed across cancer genomes, associating with single-stranded (ss) DNA formed during DNA replication and hairpin-forming sequences. The biochemical and cellular factors that influence these specificities are unclear. We measured A3A’s cytidine deaminase activity in vitro on substrates that model potential sources of ssDNA in the cell and found that A3A is more active on hairpins containing 4 nt ssDNA loops compared to hairpins with larger loops, bubble structures, replication fork mimics, ssDNA gaps, or linear DNA. Despite pre-bent ssDNAs being expected to fit better in the A3A active site, we determined A3A favors a 4 nt hairpin substrate only 2- to fivefold over linear ssDNA substrates. Addition of whole cell lysates or purified RPA to cytidine deaminase assays more severely reduced A3A activity on linear ssDNA (45 nt) compared to hairpin substrates. These results indicate that the large enrichment of A3A-driven mutations in hairpin-forming sequences in tumor genomes is likely driven in part by other proteins that preferentially bind longer ssDNA regions, which limit A3A’s access. Furthermore, A3A activity is reduced at ssDNA associated with a stalled T7 RNA polymerase, suggesting that potential protein occlusion by RNA polymerase also limits A3A activity. These results help explain the small transcriptional strand bias for APOBEC mutation signatures in cancer genomes and the general targeting of hairpin-forming sequences in the lagging strand template during DNA replication.