bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient TBox Reasoning with Value Restrictions using the wer Reasoner
Authors: BAADER FRANZ , KOOPMANN PATRICK , MICHEL FRIEDRICH , TURHAN ANNI-YASMIN , ZARRIESS BENJAMIN 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe inexpressive Description Logic (DL)
${\cal F}{{\cal L}_0}$
, which has conjunction and value restriction as its only concept constructors, had fallen into disrepute when it turned out that reasoning in
${\cal F}{{\cal L}_0}$
w.r.t. general TBoxes is ExpTime-complete, that is, as hard as in the considerably more expressive logic
${\cal A}{\cal L}{\cal C}$
. In this paper, we rehabilitate
${\cal F}{{\cal L}_0}$
by presenting a dedicated subsumption algorithm for
${\cal F}{{\cal L}_0}$
, which is much simpler than the tableau-based algorithms employed by highly optimized DL reasoners. Our experiments show that the performance of our novel algorithm, as prototypically implemented in our
${\cal F}{{\cal L}_0}$
wer reasoner, compares very well with that of the highly optimized reasoners.
${\cal F}{{\cal L}_0}$
wer can also deal with ontologies written in the extension
${\cal F}{{\cal L}_ \bot }$
of
${\cal F}{{\cal L}_0}$
with the top and the bottom concept by employing a polynomial-time reduction, shown in this paper, which eliminates top and bottom. We also investigate the complexity of reasoning in DLs related to the Horn-fragments of
${\cal F}{{\cal L}_0}$
and
${\cal F}{{\cal L}_ \bot }$
.
Coalition-Based Gender Lobbying: Revisiting Women's Substantive Representation in China's Authoritarian Governance
Authors: Jiang Xinhui , Zhou Yunyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile research on women's substantive representation in legislatures has proliferated, our knowledge of gender lobbying mechanisms in authoritarian regimes remains limited. Adopting a state-society interaction approach, this article addresses how women's interests are substantively represented in China despite the absence of an electoral mandate and the omnipresence of state power. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, this article maps out the intertwining of key political agents and institutions within and outside the state that mobilize for women's grievances and demands. We find that representation of women's interests in China requires the emergence of a unified societal demand followed by a coalition of state agency allies navigating within legislative, executive, and Party-affiliated institutional bodies. The pursuit of women's interests is also politically bounded and faces strong repression if the lobbying lacks state alliances or the targeted issue is considered “politically sensitive” by the government.
Approaching the ‘Death of Socrates’ through art education. A teaching proposal and the introduction of a new typology for teaching with similar artworks.
Authors: Zagkotas Vasileios , Fykaris Ioannis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe representation of the ‘dying Socrates’ was extremely popular among artists during the 17th and 18th centuries, while there are several artworks with this concept during the early 19th century. This article's main aim is to use the methodological tool of the Grammar of Visual Design in forming a teaching proposal based on the Harvard University ‘Artful Thinking Project’. This teaching proposal can be applied to a Language, a Philosophy or a History course. As a second aim, we propose a new typology for that era's artworks on the subject of the last moments of Socrates.
Relative Structural Complexity of Plate‐Boundary Fault Systems Controls Incremental Slip‐Rate Behavior of Major Strike‐Slip Faults
Authors: Gauriau Judith , Dolan James F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA comparison of published incremental fault slip rates from four major strike‐slip faults with the proximity and number of other active faults in the surrounding plate boundary systems shows that the behavior of the primary fault is correlated with the structural complexity of its tectonic setting. To do this, we characterize the relative structural complexity of the fault network surrounding a fault location of interest by defining the coefficient of complexity, which quantifies the density and displacement rates of the faults in the plate‐boundary network at specified radii around the site of interest. We show that the relative constancy of incremental slip rates measured along primary faults of the Alpine, San Andreas, North Anatolian, and Dead Sea fault systems reflects the proximity, number, and activity of their close neighbors. Specifically, faults that extend through more structurally complex plate boundary fault systems exhibit more irregular slip behavior than faults that pass through simpler settings. We suggest that these behaviors are likely a response to more complex stress interactions within more structurally complicated regional fault systems, as well as possible temporal changes in fault strength and/or kinematic interactions amongst mechanically complementary faults within a system that collectively accommodates overall relative plate motion. Our results provide a potential means for better evaluating the future behavior of large plate‐boundary faults in the absence of well‐documented incremental slip‐rate behavior, and may help improve the use of geological slip‐rate data in probabilistic seismic hazard assessments.
Evidence of Episodic Nitrate Injections in the Oligotrophic North Pacific Associated With Surface Chlorophyll Blooms
Authors: Wilson Cara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSummer blooms of chlorophyll develop in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean between Hawaii and 30°N. It is thought that episodic injections of subsurface nutrients fuel these blooms, but the exact mechanism is unknown. Here data from Biogeochemical‐Argo floats are examined to look for evidence of subsurface mixing that could stimulate these surface chlorophyll features. Data are examined from 25 floats that measured 5,569 profiles near Hawaii between September 2002 to April 2021. Since not all floats had nitrate sensors, but all floats had oxygen sensors, nitrate concentrations were calculated from oxygen measurements using the “CArbonate system and Nutrients concentration from hYdrological properties and Oxygen using a Neural‐network” model. There were 14 times when the nitracline, defined as the depth where nitrate is 1 µmol kg−1, reached 100 m during the summer (June–September). In six of these 14 episodes, the nitracline anomaly was the result of shoaling isopycnals. During the other eight episodes nitrate increased along isopycnal surfaces, indicating diapycnal mixing was occurring. In these events, referred to as injection events, perturbations to the vertical nitrate distribution extended all the way down to 300 m depth, and lasted up to 3.5 months, spanning hundreds of kilometer. Seven of the eight injection events occurred within cyclonic eddies, one occurred within an anticyclonic eddy. The timing of the injection events often coincided with a change in eddy dynamics, either eddy speed or eddy transformation. The injection events in cyclonic eddies were followed by a surface increase in chlorophyll in the surrounding area as observed in satellite data.
Effects of Wave Coherence on Longshore Variability of Nearshore Wave Processes
Authors: Salatin Reza , Chen Qin , Bak A. Spicer , Shi Fengyan , Brandt Steven R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoherent waves are pairs of waves having identical frequency and waveform with constant phase difference leading to a stationary wave interference in the wavefield of phase‐resolving wave models. The resulting stationary interference due to the presence of coherent water waves results in the longshore variation of the wave height in longshore uniform topography. Consequently, this variation affects the radiation stress throughout the domain and leads to the longshore variation in mean water level, mean current field, shear wave amplitude, wave setup, and wave runup. Here, we have developed a new method of wave energy spectrum discretization for the phase‐resolving wave models like FUNWAVE‐TVD, which either eliminates the coherent waves at the offshore boundary condition or limits them to a controlled number. Then, effects of the coherent waves on some nearshore wave processes are probed using both a flat bottom case as well as a longshore uniform sloping beach. The results shed light on the effects of wave coherence on the nearshore wave processes and demonstrate the usefulness of the newly developed wavemaker as a tool for the scientific community to further assess the hydrodynamics in nearshore environments.
Significant Amplification of Instantaneous Extreme Precipitation With Convective Self‐Aggregation
Authors: Da Silva Nicolas A. , Muller Caroline , Shamekh Sara , Fildier Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work explores the effect of convective self‐aggregation on extreme rainfall intensities through an analysis at several stages of the cloud lifecycle. In addition to increases in 3‐hourly extremes consistent with previous studies, we find that instantaneous rainrates increase significantly (+30%). We mainly focus on instantaneous extremes and, using a recent framework, relate their increase to increased precipitation efficiency: the local increase in relative humidity drives larger accretion efficiency and lower re‐evaporation. An in‐depth analysis based on an adapted scaling for precipitation extremes reveals that the dynamic contribution decreases (−25%) while the thermodynamic is slightly enhanced (+5%) with convective self‐aggregation, leading to lower condensation rates. When the atmosphere is more organized into a moist convecting region and a dry convection‐free region, deep convective updrafts are surrounded by a warmer environment which reduces convective instability and thus the dynamic contribution. The moister boundary‐layer explains the positive thermodynamic contribution. The microphysic contribution is increased by +50% with aggregation. The latter is partly due to reduced evaporation of rain falling through a moister near‐cloud environment, but also to the associated larger accretion efficiency. Thus, a potential change in convective organization regimes in a warming climate could lead to an evolution of tropical precipitation extremes significantly different than that expected from thermodynamical considerations. The relevance of self‐aggregation to the real tropics is still debated. Improved fundamental understanding of self‐aggregation, its sensitivity to warming and connection to precipitation extremes, is hence crucial to achieve accurate rainfall projections in a warming climate.
p27kip1 expression and phosphorylation dictate Palbociclib sensitivity in KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer
Authors: Rampioni Vinciguerra Gian Luca , Dall’Acqua Alessandra , Segatto Ilenia , Mattevi Maria Chiara , Russo Francesca , Favero Andrea , Cirombella Roberto , Mungo Giorgia , Viotto Davide , Karimbayli Javad , Pesce Margherita , Vecchione Andrea , Belletti Barbara , Baldassarre Gustavo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn colorectal cancer, mutation of KRAS (RASMUT) reduces therapeutic options, negatively affecting prognosis of the patients. In this setting, administration of CDK4/6-inhibitors, alone or in combination with other drugs, is being tested as promising therapeutic strategy. Identifying sensitive patients and overcoming intrinsic and acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition represent still open challenges, to obtain better clinical responses. Here, we investigated the role of the CDK inhibitor p27kip1 in the response to the selective CDK4/6-inhibitor Palbociclib, in colorectal cancer. Our results show that p27kip1 expression inversely correlated with Palbociclib response, both in vitro and in vivo. Generating a model of Palbociclib-resistant RASMUT colorectal cancer cells, we observed an increased expression of p27kip1, cyclin D, CDK4 and CDK6, coupled with an increased association between p27kip1 and CDK4. Furthermore, Palbociclib-resistant cells showed increased Src-mediated phosphorylation of p27kip1 on tyrosine residues and low doses of Src inhibitors re-sensitized resistant cells to Palbociclib. Since p27kip1 showed variable expression in RASMUT colorectal cancer samples, our study supports the possibility that p27kip1 could serve as biomarker to stratify patients who might benefit from CDK4/6 inhibition, alone or in combination with Src inhibitors.
Heat-stress-induced sprouting and differential gene expression in growing potato tubers: Comparative transcriptomics with that induced by postharvest sprouting
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Tang Ruimin , Niu Suyan , Si Huaijun , Yang Qing , Rajora Om P. , Li Xiu-Qing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCrops face increased risk from heat stress due to climate change. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers grown in hot summers often have defects including pre-harvest sprouting (“heat sprouts”). We have used 18 potato cultivars to investigate whether heat stress (HS) conditions alone could cause heat sprouting and dormancy changes in tubers. We also examined transcriptomic responses of potato to HS and whether these responses are like those induced by postharvest sprouting. We demonstrated that HS alone caused heat sprouts and shortened postharvest dormancy period, heat-sprouted tubers became dormant after harvest, and cultivars varied substantially for producing heat spouts but there was no clear association with cultivar maturity earliness. Cultivar Innovator did not show any heat sprouts and still had long dormancy. Dormancy-associated genes (DOG1 and SLP) were downregulated in HS tubers like in postharvest sprouting tubers. We have identified 1201 differentially expressed genes, 14 enriched GO terms and 12 enriched KEGG pathways in response to HS in growing tubers of ‘Russet Burbank’. Transcriptomic response of ‘Russet Burbank’ to HS showed significant similarities to that of postharvest non-HS sprouted tubers. Gibberellin biosynthesis pathway was enriched in heat-stressed tubers and was likely involved in heat sprouting and dormancy release. Heat sprouting and postharvest sprouting shared common candidate genes and had significant similarity in gene expression. Our study has significance for selecting potato cultivars for farming, planning storage and utilization of heat-stressed tubers, identifying sprouting-related genes, understanding heat-stress biology, and breeding heat-tolerant potato cultivars, especially for sustainable potato production under climate change.
Dynamics of history-dependent perceptual judgment
Authors: Hachen I. , Reinartz S. , Brasselet R. , Stroligo A. , Diamond M. E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIdentical physical inputs do not always evoke identical percepts. To investigate the role of stimulus history in tactile perception, we designed a task in which rats had to judge each vibrissal vibration, in a long series, as strong or weak depending on its mean speed. After a low-speed stimulus (trial n − 1), rats were more likely to report the next stimulus (trial n) as strong, and after a high-speed stimulus, they were more likely to report the next stimulus as weak, a repulsive effect that did not depend on choice or reward on trial n − 1. This effect could be tracked over several preceding trials (i.e., n − 2 and earlier) and was characterized by an exponential decay function, reflecting a trial-by-trial incorporation of sensory history. Surprisingly, the influence of trial n − 1 strengthened as the time interval between n − 1 and n grew. Human subjects receiving fingertip vibrations showed these same key findings. We are able to account for the repulsive stimulus history effect, and its detailed time scale, through a single-parameter model, wherein each new stimulus gradually updates the subject’s decision criterion. This model points to mechanisms underlying how the past affects the ongoing subjective experience.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections with the alpha variant are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic among health care workers
Authors: Rovida Francesca , Cassaniti Irene , Paolucci Stefania , Percivalle Elena , Sarasini Antonella , Piralla Antonio , Giardina Federica , Sammartino Josè Camilla , Ferrari Alessandro , Bergami Federica , Muzzi Alba , Novelli Viola , Meloni Alessandro , Cutti Sara , Grugnetti Anna Maria , Grugnetti Giuseppina , Rona Claudia , Daglio Marinella , Marena Carlo , Triarico Antonio , Lilleri Daniele , Baldanti Fausto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVaccine breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection has been monitored in 3720 healthcare workers receiving 2 doses of BNT162b2. SARS-CoV-2 infection is detected in 33 subjects, with a 100-day cumulative incidence of 0.93%. Vaccine protection against acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection is 83% (95%CI: 58–93%) in the overall population and 93% (95%CI: 69-99%) in SARS-CoV-2-experienced subjects, when compared with a non-vaccinated control group from the same Institution, in which SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs in 20/346 subjects (100-day cumulative incidence: 5.78%). The infection is symptomatic in 16 (48%) vaccinated subjects vs 17 (85%) controls (p = 0.01). All analyzed patients, in whom the amount of viral RNA was sufficient for genome sequencing, results infected by the alpha variant. Antibody and T-cell responses are not reduced in subjects with breakthrough infection. Evidence of virus transmission, determined by contact tracing, is observed in two (6.1%) cases. This real-world data support the protective effect of BNT162b2 vaccine. A triple antigenic exposure, such as two-dose vaccine schedule in experienced subjects, may confer a higher protection.
Sub-centrosomal mapping identifies augmin-γTuRC as part of a centriole-stabilizing scaffold
Authors: Schweizer Nina , Haren Laurence , Dutto Ilaria , Viais Ricardo , Lacasa Cristina , Merdes Andreas , Lüders Jens 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCentriole biogenesis and maintenance are crucial for cells to generate cilia and assemble centrosomes that function as microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). Centriole biogenesis and MTOC function both require the microtubule nucleator γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC). It is widely accepted that γTuRC nucleates microtubules from the pericentriolar material that is associated with the proximal part of centrioles. However, γTuRC also localizes more distally and in the centriole lumen, but the significance of these findings is unclear. Here we identify spatially and functionally distinct subpopulations of centrosomal γTuRC. Luminal localization is mediated by augmin, which is linked to the centriole inner scaffold through POC5. Disruption of luminal localization impairs centriole integrity and interferes with cilium assembly. Defective ciliogenesis is also observed in γTuRC mutant fibroblasts from a patient suffering from microcephaly with chorioretinopathy. These results identify a non-canonical role of augmin-γTuRC in the centriole lumen that is linked to human disease.
Pathway signatures derived from on-treatment tumor specimens predict response to anti-PD1 blockade in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Du Kuang , Wei Shiyou , Wei Zhi , Frederick Dennie T. , Miao Benchun , Moll Tabea , Tian Tian , Sugarman Eric , Gabrilovich Dmitry I. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Liu Lunxu , Flaherty Keith T. , Boland Genevieve M. , Herlyn Meenhard , Zhang Gao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBoth genomic and transcriptomic signatures have been developed to predict responses of metastatic melanoma to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies; however, most of these signatures are derived from pre-treatment biopsy samples. Here, we build pathway-based super signatures in pre-treatment (PASS-PRE) and on-treatment (PASS-ON) tumor specimens based on transcriptomic data and clinical information from a large dataset of metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD1-based therapies as the training set. Both PASS-PRE and PASS-ON signatures are validated in three independent datasets of metastatic melanoma as the validation set, achieving area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.45–0.69 and 0.85–0.89, respectively. We also combine all test samples and obtain AUCs of 0.65 and 0.88 for PASS-PRE and PASS-ON signatures, respectively. When compared with existing signatures, the PASS-ON signature demonstrates more robust and superior predictive performance across all four datasets. Overall, we provide a framework for building pathway-based signatures that is highly and accurately predictive of response to anti-PD1 therapies based on on-treatment tumor specimens. This work would provide a rationale for applying pathway-based signatures derived from on-treatment tumor samples to predict patients’ therapeutic response to ICB therapies.
The δ subunit of F1Fo-ATP synthase is required for pathogenicity of Candida albicans
Authors: Li Shuixiu , Zhao Yajing , Zhang Yishan , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Zhanpeng , Tang Chuanyan , Weng Luobei , Chen Xiaohong , Zhang Gehua , Zhang Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFungal infections, especially candidiasis and aspergillosis, claim a high fatality rate. Fungal cell growth and function requires ATP, which is synthesized mainly through oxidative phosphorylation, with the key enzyme being F1Fo-ATP synthase. Here, we show that deletion of the Candida albicans gene encoding the δ subunit of the F1Fo-ATP synthase (ATP16) abrogates lethal infection in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. The deletion does not substantially affect in vitro fungal growth or intracellular ATP concentrations, because the decrease in oxidative phosphorylation-derived ATP synthesis is compensated by enhanced glycolysis. However, the ATP16-deleted mutant displays decreased phosphofructokinase activity, leading to low fructose 1,6-bisphosphate levels, reduced activity of Ras1-dependent and -independent cAMP-PKA pathways, downregulation of virulence factors, and reduced pathogenicity. A structure-based virtual screening of small molecules leads to identification of a compound potentially targeting the δ subunit of fungal F1Fo-ATP synthases. The compound induces in vitro phenotypes similar to those observed in the ATP16-deleted mutant, and protects mice from succumbing to invasive candidiasis. Our findings indicate that F1Fo-ATP synthase δ subunit is required for C. albicans lethal infection and represents a potential therapeutic target.
Efficient Gaussian process regression for prediction of molecular crystals harmonic free energies
Authors: Krynski Marcin , Rossi Mariana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a method to accurately predict the Helmholtz harmonic free energies of molecular crystals in high-throughput settings. This is achieved by devising a computationally efficient framework that employs a Gaussian Process Regression model based on local atomic environments. The cost to train the model with ab initio potentials is reduced by starting the optimization of the framework parameters, as well as the training and validation sets, with an empirical potential. This is then transferred to train the model based on density-functional theory potentials, including dispersion-corrections. We benchmarked our framework on a set of 444 hydrocarbon crystal structures, comprising 38 polymorphs and 406 crystal structures either measured in different conditions or derived from these polymorphs. Superior performance and high prediction accuracy, with mean absolute deviation below 0.04 kJ mol−1 per atom at 300 K is achieved by training on as little as 60 crystal structures. Furthermore, we demonstrate the predictive efficiency and accuracy of the developed framework by successfully calculating the thermal lattice expansion of aromatic hydrocarbon crystals within the quasi-harmonic approximation, and predict how lattice expansion affects the polymorph stability ranking.