bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐141‐5p suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell inflammation, proliferation, and migration via inhibiting the HMGB1/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Li Yadong , Li Haide , Chen Bin , Yang Fan , Hao Zhiying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as significant modulators in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Additionally, the dysregulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a crucial biological event during AS. Our study aimed to explore the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of miR‐141‐5p in VSMCs dysfunction. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish AS animal model. Human VSMCs were treated by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) to establish AS cell model. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was employed to probe miR‐141‐5p and high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mRNA expressions in VSMCs or plasma samples of the mice. Inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Cell counting kit‐8 and bromodeoxyuridine assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Cell migration and apoptosis were detected with Transwell assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The target gene of miR‐141‐5p was predicted with the TargetScan database, and the interaction between miR‐141‐5p and HMGB1/nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) was further validated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay, qRT‐PCR, and Western blot analysis. miR‐141‐5p was found to be decreased in the plasma of patients and mice model with AS. Its expression was also downregulated in VSMCs treated by ox‐LDL. miR‐141‐5p overexpression inhibited the inflammation, proliferation, migration of VSMCs, and promoted the apoptosis of VSMCs. HMGB1 was identified as a direct target of miR‐141‐5p, and miR‐141‐5p could repress the activity of HMGB1/NF‐κB signaling. HMGB1 restoration reversed the effects of miR‐141‐5p, and NF‐κB inhibitor JSH‐23 showed similar effects with miR‐141‐5p mimics. miR‐141‐5p inhibits VSMCs’ dysfunction by targeting the HMGB1/NF‐κB pathway, which probably functions as a protective factor during the development of AS.
Recovery of protein‐based compounds from meat by‐products by membrane‐assisted separations: a review
Authors: Castro‐Muñoz Roberto , García‐Depraect Octavio , León‐Becerril Elizabeth , Cassano Alfredo , Conidi Carmela , Fíla Vlastimil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMeat by‐products and co‐products, including poultry and fish wastes, represent a current challenge for the food processing industry due to their harmful impact on the environment. Membrane technologies, thanks to their intrinsic properties, represent an emerging tool for the valorization of these streams according to the principles of a sustainable circular economy. A review of significant applications of membrane‐based technologies, including pressure‐driven membrane processes and electro‐membrane processes, for the recovery of protein‐based compounds from meat by‐products is presented along with their trends and future potentials in the production of functional ingredients. Classic and recent development works are analyzed and critically discussed according to the relevant results in the field. Literature data clearly indicate that membrane technologies represent an efficient and environmentally friendly option for the separation, fractionation, and purification of bioactive compounds from different meat co‐products. The implementation of such processes as a way of recovering biomolecules also gives environmental benefits by reducing the organic load of both by‐ and co‐products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The emotional leader: Implicit theories of leadership emotions and leadership perceptions
Authors: Sy Thomas , van Knippenberg Daan 
Published: June 2021

SummaryImplicit theories of leadership emotions (ITLEs) are individuals' schemas about emotional traits and behaviors characterizing leaders. We investigate the specific emotional content and structure of ITLEs. Five studies involving 1286 participants provide evidence for content, convergent, discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity, and internal consistency of the ITLEs instrument. ITLEs are represented by a first‐order structure (Cheer, Calm, Pride, Anger, Fear, and Remorse), and a second‐order structure (Positive and Negative ITLEs). Results revealed that female leaders elicited lower ratings on the Anger, Fear, and Remorse prototypes and higher ratings on the Cheer (but not Pride and Calm) prototype. Moreover, the relationship between ITLEs prototypes and leadership perceptions were moderated by management level, such that the relationship was significant only for high level leaders but not low level leaders. Moderated mediation results indicated that leadership perceptions of high level (but not low level) women leaders, as compared with men leaders, are more positive because they elicited lower ratings on the ITLEs prototypes of Anger and Fear and higher ratings on the ITLEs prototype of Cheer. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of ITLEs and offer future directions for this budding construct that is often implicated in leadership discourse but rarely studied explicitly.
The North Pacific Victoria mode: More effective prediction signal for the Central Pacific El Niño than the North Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Qi Li , Mao Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBy use of observational reanalysis data and the CMIP5 data, the relationships of the Central Pacific (CP) El Niño and the Victoria Mode (VM)/North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) are compared. The VM/NPO and the CP El Niño are physically related via negative feedback process of air–sea interaction. The VM/NPO has a delay effect on the CP ENSO in the subsequent winter. Nevertheless, the impact of VM on the CP El Niño is more effective relative to the NPO. When the conventional ENSO (hereafter as ENSO) own cycle is removed, the former's correlation with the EMI (El Niño Modoki index) in the Dec(+1) only decreases from 0.48 to 0.31, which is still significant. But the latter's correlation dose not reach 95% confidence level. Composition analysis also shows that during the D(+1)JF(+2), very few SST anomalies could be found over 95% significant level whether in positive or negative NPO phase. While for the VM cases, a large area of the CP ENSO‐like SST anomalies is observed significantly in the tropical Pacific. Especially, for non‐ENSO year, CP El Niño occurs in 50% positive VM cases' following winter. Although in previous studies, the VM is only considered as a transition stage during the process of NPO affecting the CP El Niño, the regression analysis shows that the VM is a partly natural mode, most of its variation is contributed by its internal evolution. The CP El Niño would still occur during positive VM cases even when NPO phase is negative. Their relationship remains stable in the CMIP5 RCP8.5 simulations, that is, the global warming does not interfere with the impact of positive VM on the CP El Niño. In conclusion, the VM may be a more effective prediction signal for the CP El Niño than the NPO.
Blockchain for scholarly journal evaluation: Potential and prospects
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Liangbin 
Published: June 2021

Key points
Blockchain shows potential for supporting the multidimensional evaluation of scholarly journals.
Blockchain‐based scholarly communications will generate new data, which may be used for evaluating aspects of journals that are currently not fully evaluated.
Blockchain can help enrich journal evaluation by extending the evaluation content to the upstream of journal publishing and increase the economic dimensions of journal usage.
Blockchain‐based scholarly journal evaluation would be more automated, more open, and more verifiable to the community.
Speech comprehension across multiple CI processor generations: Scene dependent signal processing
Authors: Hey Matthias , Böhnke Britta , Mewes Alexander , Munder Patrick , Mauger Stefan J. , Hocke Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn clinical practice, characterization of speech comprehension for cochlear implant (CI) patients is typically administered by a set of suprathreshold measurements in quiet and in noise. This study investigates speech comprehension of the three most recent cochlear implant sound processors; CP810, CP910, and CP1000 (Cochlear Limited). To compare sound processor performance across generations and input dynamic range changes, the state‐of‐the art signal processing technologies available in each sound processor were enabled. Outcomes will be assessed across a range of stimulation intensities, and finally analyzed with respect to normal hearing listeners.MethodsIn a prospective study, 20 experienced postlingually deafened CI patients who received a Nucleus CI in the ENT department of the University Hospital of SH in Kiel were recruited. Speech comprehension was measured in quiet at 40, 50, and 65 dBSPL with monosyllabic words as well as by speech reception threshold for two‐digit numbers. In noise, speech reception thresholds were measured with the adaptive German matrix test with speech and noise in front.ResultsWe found that high levels of open‐set speech comprehension are achieved at suprathreshold presentation levels in quiet. However, results at lower test levels have remained mostly unchanged for tested sound processors with default dynamic range. Expanding the lower limit of the acoustic input dynamic range yields better speech comprehension at lower presentation levels. In noise the application of ForwardFocus improves the speech reception. Overall, a continuous improvement for speech perception across three generations of CI sound processors was found.ConclusionsFindings motivate further development of signal pre‐processing, an additional focus of clinical work on lower stimulation levels, and automation of ForwardFocus.Level of evidence2.
Integrated preparation and properties of polyurethane‐based sandwich structure composites with foamed core layer
Authors: Zeng Xiaoyan , Tang Ting , An Jiaxuan , Liu Xiaoxiang , Xiang Hongxia , Li Youbing , Yang Chaolong , Xia Tian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe polyurethane‐based sandwich structure composite was integrally prepared through using glass fiber reinforced polyurethane composite (GFRPUC) as the skin layer and rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) as the core layer with the application of a prepolymer infiltrating‐foaming integrated manufacturing process. The effect of isocyanate content on the mechanical properties of polyurethane (PU) matrix was explored, and the influences of n‐pentane as the foaming agent on the mechanical properties of RPUF and sandwich structure composite were investigated. The results showed that PU prepolymer synthesized with 10% isocyanate group had the excellent comprehensive performances including the tensile strength of 77 MPa, bending strength of 110 MPa and impact toughness of 59 kJ/m2. Under the optimal molding process, the tensile strength, bending, and impact strengths of the GFRPUC surface are 794 MPa, 846 MPa, and 228 kJ/m2, respectively. Using the PU prepolymer method, the surface layer and foam core are integrally fabricated as the sandwich structure composites, whose structure is characterized by strong surface layer and porous core with energy absorption effect. The integrated SSC plate with foamed core layer has excellent mechanical properties especially the core layer containing 2 wt% foaming agent, such as shear property.
Normal fetal development of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine: A postmortem study based on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Yuan Xianshun , Peng Zhao , Jian Nan , Tian Mimi , Feng Xiang , Lin Xiangtao , Wang Ximing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveBefore evaluating spinal pathology, it is essential to have knowledge of the normal spinal development at different gestational ages. This study aims to characterize normal spinal growth in human fetuses during the second and third trimesters.MethodsPostmortem 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 55 fetuses at 17–42 gestational weeks by using three‐dimensional T2‐weighted sequences. Morphological changes and quantitative measurements of the fetal spine were assessed. The correlation between centrum ossification center volume (COCV) and gestational age was investigated.ResultsThe cervical, thoracic, and lumbar COCVs showed a positive relationship with gestational age (p < 0.05). No gender differences were found in the volumetric development of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar centrum ossification centers (COCs). The average volumetric growth rate per COC was larger in the lumbar spine than in the cervical and thoracic spine. The L1–L5 COCVs also showed a linear positive relationship with gestational age.ConsultsPostmortem 3.0 T MRI clearly demonstrated spinal changes in external contour and internal structure with gestational age. These findings expand our understanding of the early growth pattern of the human spine and could be further used to assess the developmental conditions of the fetal spine.
Maize mycorrhizas decrease the susceptibility of the foliar insect herbivore Spodoptera frugiperda to its homologous nucleopolyhedrovirus
Authors: García‐Gómez Griselda , Real‐Santillán Raúl Omar , Larsen John , Pérez Luis López , de la Rosa José Isaac Figueroa , Pineda Samuel , Martínez‐Castillo Ana Mabel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus of Spodoptera frugiperda (SfMNPV) plays an important role in regulating its natural host and has high potential for use as a bioinsecticide. However, information about how agricultural practices such as fertilization and plant biotic interactions affect the biocontrol efficacy of SfMNPV is limited. In this study, we examined how multitrophic maize–mycorrhiza–insect herbivore interactions affect the biocontrol efficacy of SfMNPV against S. frugiperda under full and reduced mineral nitrogen fertilization. Two fully factorial greenhouse pot experiments with three factors were performed: (i) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (with and without AMF), (ii) nitrogen fertilization (50% and 100% N), and (iii) insect (with and without of S. frugiperda). The biocontrol efficacy of SfMNPV against S. frugiperda was examined using detached leaves under controlled environmental conditions.RESULTSAssociating maize with AMF resulted in multitrophic cascade effects. Plants with AMF showed suppression of plant growth and increased leaf N and P content, which coincided with increased foliar herbivory and larval biomass that finally reduced the susceptibility of S. frugiperda to SfMNPV. Reduced levels of N fertilization mitigated these observed cascade effects on the biocontrol efficacy of SfMNPV with maize mycorrhizas.CONCLUSIONOur results show that AMF can modulate S. frugiperda–SfMNPV interactions via plant‐mediated phenotypic responses to the mycorrhizal association and are most likely linked with increased leaf food quality for S. frugiperda. These results call for further studies to address the mode of interaction and possible implications for pest management in maize agroecosystems. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Smart contract‐based land registry system to reduce frauds and time delay
Authors: Panda Sandeep Kumar , Mohammad Gouse Baig , Nandan Mohanty Sachi , Sahoo Sipra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn today's scenario, many news related to counterfeit land titles, fraud land registry, delay in ownership transfer, the involvement of government officers in fraudulent activities is frequently being heard. However, this depicts that the existing land registry system is not efficient to provide security and timely settlement of transactions between the seller and buyer. To solve this problem, we proposed a blockchain‐based land registry system in this article. The specialty and popularity of blockchain technology is its transparency and security. Blockchain is being inculcated with the trait of persistence, immutability, decentralization. Its ascent to new opportunity of efficiency and cost saving. It can provide right framing for digital asset, online payment, and transfer of remittance. Additional to this it can check upon black money laundering. Enterprise that can use blockchain technology can gain faith of consumer. In this article, we proposed a decentralized application. In particular, for creating and deploying the smart contract, we used Ethereum network. The deployed contracts are interacted through frontend web pages. React is used for the development of web page. For server and routing purposes, Next.js is used. Finally, the results and analysis show that our proposed model is efficient and viable.
Public food forest opportunities and challenges in small municipalities
Authors: Coffey Sarah E. , Munsell John F. , Hübner Rico , Friedel Curtis R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe opportunities and challenges associated with public food forest initiatives in small municipalities are understudied compared with large metropolitan counterparts. Research in small population centers is needed to identify and understand factors affecting the growth of public food forests where resources more commonly available in cities often are lacking. To study these factors, we surveyed mayors in Virginia, United States, serving communities with populations under 25,000. Out of 176 mayors who received a paper survey through the mail, 68 (39%) responded. Mayors perceived long‐term maintenance as the greatest barrier to public food forests and education, recreation, and spiritual experience as the most desirable benefits. Nearly 70% noted that their town has some form of food production on public land but only one‐fifth include food‐producing trees and shrubs. Most municipalities (78%) do not have food‐producing trees and shrubs land use codes. Summated variables representing mayoral ratings of public support and physical space for food forests in their municipalities were used in a k‐means cluster analysis to group towns into four types: (a) ambivalent and resource‐poor, (b) optimistic and capable, (c) doubtful and unsupported, and (d) unsure with potential. Each community has unique challenges and opportunities, but mayors stressed that providing sociocultural programs and education rather than food access is the most compelling aspect of a public food forest.
Mechanistic understanding of the pollutant removal and transformation processes in the constructed wetland system
Authors: Malyan Sandeep K. , Yadav Shweta , Sonkar Vikas , Goyal V. C. , Singh Omkar , Singh Rajesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConstructed wetland systems (CWs) are biologically and physically engineered systems to mimic the natural wetlands which can potentially treat the wastewater from the various point and nonpoint sources of pollution. The present study aims to review the various mechanisms involved in the different types of CWs for wastewater treatment and to elucidate their role in the effective functioning of the CWs. Several physical, chemical, and biological processes substantially influence the pollutant removal efficiency of CWs. Plants species Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Typha angustifolia are most widely used in CWs. The rate of nitrogen (N) removal is significantly affected by emergent vegetation cover and type of CWs. Hybrid CWs (HCWS) removal efficiency for nutrients, metals, pesticides, and other pollutants is higher than a single constructed wetland. The contaminant removal efficiency of the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSFCW) commonly used for the treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater ranges between 31% and 99%. Biochar/zeolite addition as substrate material further enhances the wastewater treatment of CWs. Innovative components (substrate materials, plant species) and factors (design parameters, climatic conditions) sustaining the long‐term sink of the pollutants, such as nutrients and heavy metals in the CWs should be further investigated in the future.Practitioner points

Constructed wetland systems (CWs) are efficient natural treatment system for on‐site contaminants removal from wastewater.
Denitrification, nitrification, microbial and plant uptake, sedimentation and adsorption are crucial pollutant removal mechanisms.
Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Typha angustifolia are widely used emergent plants in constructed wetlands.
Hydraulic retention time (HRT), water flow regimes, substrate, plant, and microbial biomass substantially affect CWs treatment performance.
Variability of acquisition phase of computed tomography angiography in acute ischemic stroke in a real-world scenario
Authors: Pfaff Johannes A. R. , Füssel Bianka , Harlan Marcial E. , Hubert Alexander , Bendszus Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The informative value of computed tomography angiography (CTA) depends on the contrast phase in the vessels which may differ depending on the level of local expertise.

Methods
We retrospectively measured vessel contrast density from CTA scans in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke to a comprehensive stroke center (CSC) or to one of eight primary stroke centers (PSC). CTAs were classified into arterial or venous phases as well as into 1 of 5 phases (early arterial, peak arterial, equilibrium, peak venous, and late venous).

Results
Overall, n = 871 CTAs (CSC: n = 431 (49.5%); PSC: n = 440 (50.5%)) were included in the final analysis. A higher venous than arterial contrast density at the level of the circle of Willis was only rarely observed (overall n = 13 (1.5%); CSC: n = 3/431 (0.7%); PCS: n = 10/440 (2.3%); p = 0.09). CTAs acquired in the CSC showed more often an early arterial contrast phase (CSC: n = 371 (86.1%); PSC: n = 153 (34.8%), p < 0.01). Equilibrium contrast phase, i.e., a slightly stronger arterial contrast with clear venous contrast filling, was more frequent in CTAs from the PSCs (CSC: n = 6 (1.4%); PSC: n = 47 (10.7%); p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Despite different technical equipment and examination protocols, the overall number of CTAs with venous contrast was low and did not differ between the CSC and the PCSs. Differences between the further differentiated contrast phases indicate potential for further improvement of CTA acquisition protocols.

Key Points
• Despite different technical equipment and examination protocols in the diagnostic workup of acute ischemic stroke, the total number of computed tomography angiography (CTA) with venous contrast was low (n = 13/871; 1.5%).
• A higher venous than arterial contrast density at the level of the circle of Willis was not more frequent in CTAs from the centers with a high patient volume (comprehensive stroke center) compared to the hospital with lower patient volume (primary stroke centers).
• Differences between the further differentiated contrast phases indicate that there is potential for further improvement of CTA acquisition protocols.
On the Maximal Colorings of Complete Graphs Without Some Small Properly Colored Subgraphs
Authors: Fang Chunqiu , Győri Ervin , Xiao Jimeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLet $$\mathrm{pr}(K_{n}, G)$$

pr
(

K
n

,
G
)

be the maximum number of colors in an edge-coloring of $$K_{n}$$

K
n

with no properly colored copy of G. For a family $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
of graphs, let $$\mathrm{ex}(n, {\mathcal {F}})$$

ex
(
n
,
F
)

be the maximum number of edges in a graph G on n vertices which does not contain any graphs in $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
as subgraphs. In this paper, we show that $$\mathrm{pr}(K_{n}, G)-\mathrm{ex}(n, \mathcal {G'})=o(n^{2}), $$

pr

(

K
n

,
G
)

-
ex

(
n
,

G
′

)

=
o

(

n
2

)

,

where $$\mathcal {G'}=\{G-M: M \text { is a matching of }G\}$$

G
′

=

{
G
-
M
:
M

is a matching of

G
}

. Furthermore, we determine the value of $$\mathrm{pr}(K_{n}, P_{l})$$

pr
(

K
n

,

P
l

)

for sufficiently large n and the exact value of $$\mathrm{pr}(K_{n}, G)$$

pr
(

K
n

,
G
)

, where G is $$C_{5}, C_{6}$$

C
5

,

C
6

and $$K_{4}^{-}$$

K

4

-

, respectively. Also, we give an upper bound and a lower bound of $$\mathrm{pr}(K_{n}, K_{2,3})$$

pr
(

K
n

,

K

2
,
3

)

.