bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tobacco phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein NtFT4 simultaneously improves vitality, growth, and protein yield in human cells
Authors: Kronenberg Julia , Schrödter Katrin , Noll Gundula A. , Twyman Richard M. , Prüfer Dirk , Känel Philip 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe production of biopharmaceutical proteins in mammalian cells by transient expression or stable transformation requires robust and viable cells. Cell line engineering must therefore balance improved cell growth and viability with high productivity. We tested the ability of nonmammalian phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding proteins to enhance cell proliferation in monolayers and suspension cultures. The tobacco protein NtFT4 improved the proliferation of multiple human cell lines. Viable cell density is usually impaired by efficient transfection, but we found that the number of HEK‐293TNtFT4 cells at the peak of protein expression was twice that of standard HEK‐293T cells, and the antibody yield increased by approximately one‐third. Improved growth and viability were observed in different cell lines, in different culture media, and also after transient transfection, suggesting the beneficial trait is consistent and transferable. Additional modifications could boost the productivity of high‐density HEK‐293TNtFT4 cells even further as we showed for a fluorescent marker protein and recombinant antibody expressed in monolayer cultures. The HEK‐293TNtFT4 cell line provides a new human model platform that increases cell proliferation, also achieving a fundamental improvement in recombinant protein expression.
A synergy of liquid chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry and coagulation test for determination of direct oral anticoagulants for clinical and toxicological purposes
Authors: Maier Vítězslav , Slavík Luděk , Ondra Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants are an alternative to anticoagulants based on vitamin K antagonists. Monitoring of direct oral anticoagulant concentration levels is necessary in specific cases (e.g. in emergency conditions, for determination of the cause of bleeding, adverse effects, risk of drug–direct oral anticoagulants interaction); therefore, a sensitive and specific method is needed. A methanol protein precipitation method followed by liquid chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneous separation and determination of apixaban, betrixaban, edoxaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and ximelagatran. The proposed method was fully validated in terms of linearity, the limits of detection and quantification, intra‐ and inter‐day trueness and precision, recovery, matrix effect, process efficiency and stability. The method shows a strong correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficients > 0.92) with coagulation assays of apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban (dilute thrombin time for gatrans and anti Xa factor (anti‐Xa) activity for xabans). In addition, the developed method was applied for the identification and determination of apixaban and dabigatran in post‐mortem serum samples. The developed method is a good alternative to coagulation tests which may show various interferences.
Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral‐aortic intervalvular fibrosa with fistulous communication to the left atrium causing congestive heart failure
Authors: Bagh Imad , Marino Thomas M. , Silbiger Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPseudoaneurysms of the mitral‐aortic intervalvular fibrosa can rupture and form fistulous communications between the left ventricle and left atrium. Pulmonary venous systolic flow reversal in such cases reflects elevated left atrial pressure due to shunting. This finding, particularly in the setting of endocarditis, is not specific for severe mitral regurgitation.
Isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency induced by pembrolizumab for hypopharyngeal cancer: A case report
Authors: Yamamoto Koichiro , Tokumasu Kazuki , Oka Kosuke , Hasegawa Kou , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report a case of isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency caused by pembrolizumab. This condition can be fatal, but its rarity causes under‐recognition. Oncologists should pay attention to adrenal insufficiency due to pembrolizumab.
Multifocal chondrosarcoma of the hand: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Jones Hunter B. , Murphree Jacob , Suryavanshi Joash R. , Osemwengie Bradley O. , Rosqvist Sterling , Cox Cameron T. , MacKay Brendan J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFew multifocal hand chondrosarcomas have been reported. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe multifocal hand chondrosarcoma in a patient with no evidence of prior enchondroma, Ollier's disease, or Maffucci syndrome.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glycerol Using Solid‐State Synthesised Nickel Boride: Impact of Key Electrolysis Parameters on Product Selectivity
Authors: Brix Ann Cathrin , Morales Dulce M. , Braun Michael , Jambrec Daliborka , Junqueira João R. C. , Cychy Steffen , Seisel Sabine , Masa Justus , Muhler Martin , Andronescu Corina , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater electrolysis is a promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production; however, its commercialisation is limited by sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A potential alternative to the OER is hence required and is seen in the electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) as it offers concomitant value‐added product generation from a cheap and abundant feedstock. Here, we show a facile solid‐state synthesis method to obtain Ni‐boride, a non‐noble metal‐based catalyst subsequently used in an in‐depth study of the GOR product distribution as a function of key electrolysis parameters. Highly crystalline, mixed‐phase Ni borides were obtained, and their synthesis was successfully optimised regarding GOR activity. Long‐term chronoamperometry was conducted in a circular flow‐through cell and samples were analysed by HPLC. It is shown that the formation of lactic acid, one of the most valuable GOR products, can be enhanced by optimising the electrolyte composition and the applied potential.
Winter annual forage mass–nutritive value trade‐offs are affected by harvest timing
Authors: Billman Eric D. , de Souza Igor A. , Smith Richard G. , Soder Kathy J. , Warren Nicholas , Teixeira Fabio A. , Brito Andre F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnnual cool‐season forage crops could fill the gaps in spring forage availability that are typical in perennial pastures in the northeastern United States. Despite their potential as supplemental forages, few studies have examined the productivity–quality tradeoffs of annual forages grown as monocultures or mixtures. This study compared five species of winter annual forages grown as monocultures and mixtures for forage mass production and nutritive value across three harvest timepoints. Beginning in fall 2015, plots were planted in monocultures of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), triticale [×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus (Secale × Triticum)], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), as well as a mix of all five species. Samples were taken on 1, 7, and 14 June 2016, and on 3, 10, and 17 May 2017 to determine forage mass, nutritive value in the second year, and tradeoffs between biomass and nutritive value. The mixture's forage mass always ranked similarly to the best performing monoculture treatments. All monocultures except hairy vetch had increased forage mass at later harvests. In vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was lower in later harvests. Triticale consistently had the greatest forage mass. Barley had greater energy and lower fiber concentrations than the other species. The results of this study suggest that triticale and barley have the most potential for supplementing spring perennial forage production.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Arylindolines and 2,2‐Disubstituted Indolines by Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Choi Anthony , El‐Tunsi Ashraf , Wang Yuhang , Meijer Anthony J. H. M. , Li Jia , Li Xiabing , Proietti Silvestri Ilaria , Coldham Iain 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKinetic resolution of 2‐arylindolines (2,3‐dihydroindoles) was achieved by treatment of their N‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl (Boc) derivatives with n‐butyllithium and sparteine in toluene at −78 °C followed by electrophilic quench. The unreacted starting materials together with the 2,2‐disubstituted products could be isolated with high enantiomer ratios. Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy showed that the rate of Boc rotation was fast (ΔG≠≈57 kJ/mol at 195 K). This was corroborated by DFT studies and by in situ ReactIR spectroscopy. The enantioenriched N‐Boc‐2‐arylindolines were converted to 2,2‐disubstituted products without significant loss in enantiopurity. Hence, either enantiomer of the 2,2‐disubstituted products could be obtained with high selectivity from the same enantiomer of the chiral ligand sparteine (one from the kinetic resolution and the other from subsequent lithiation‐trapping of the recovered starting material). Secondary amine products were prepared by removing the Boc group with acid to provide a way to access highly enantioenriched 2‐aryl and 2,2‐disubstituted indolines.
Humins with Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption: A By‐Product of Furfural Conversion to Isopropyl Levulinate via a Tandem Catalytic Reaction in One‐Pot
Authors: Ma Mingwei , Liang Na , Hou Pan , Zhang Peng , Cao Jingjie , Liu Hui , Xu Xingliang , Yue Huijuan , Tian Ge , Feng Shouhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBoth one‐pot catalytic conversion of furfural (FAL) to isopropyl levulinate (PL) and carbonization of by‐product (humins) for electromagnetic wave absorption are discussed, which provides inspiration that humins can be applied to electromagnetic wave absorption. In the former, phosphotungstic acid (PW) is employed as a homogeneous catalyst to convert FAL to PL via a tandem reaction in one pot, with the formation of a vast amount of humins. With FAL and various intermediates as substrates, it was found that humins was a polymerization product of FAL, furfuryl alcohol (FOL) and furfuryl ester (FE) with furan rings. In addition, the in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) spectra also provided a basis for the proposed reaction route. In the latter, with the humins as raw material, P species and WO3 doped nano‐porous carbon (Humins‐700) platform formed after high‐temperature annealing is used for electromagnetic wave absorption and manifests desirable absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value is −47.3 dB at 13.0 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 4.5 GHz (11.2–5.7 GHz).
30 Jahre Institut für Heiße Chemie im Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe
Authors: Henrich Edmund , Dahmen Nicolaus , Pitter Stephan , Sauer Jörg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDas Institut für Heiße Chemie IHCh wurde 1959 gegründet, um die Entwicklung der Technologie zur Wiederaufarbeitung von Kernbrennstoffen zu unterstützen. Aufbauend auf dem sog. PUREX‐Prozess wurden mögliche Varianten zur Abtrennung von noch nutzbarem Spaltmaterial durch Kombination verschiedenster Extraktions‐ und Redoxverfahren vom Labor‐ bis zum Pilotmaßstab entwickelt, bis dieser mit nur noch einem Extraktionszyklus auskam. Mit dem Ende der nuklearen Reaktorforschung wurden als Institut für Technische Chemie neue Themen aus der Umwelt‐ und Energieforschung aufgegriffen. In dieser Zeit wurde im Rahmen der internationalen Kollaboration GALLEX ein radiochemischer Sonnenneutrino‐Detektor gebaut und erfolgreich betrieben.
Effect of pressure on the hydrodynamics of a pilot‐scale bubble column operating with low and moderate viscosity Newtonian liquids
Authors: Lakhdissi El Mahdi , Shu Shuli , Farag Sherif , Guy Christophe , Chaouki Jamal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn a pilot‐scale bubble column operating with low and moderate viscosity hydrocarbons, the effect of pressure on the total and axial gas holdup as well as the regime transition velocity was investigated. Experiments were performed for two air‐Ketrul D100 and air‐Hydroseal G250 HL gas‐liquid hydrocarbon systems. It was found that increasing pressure increased gas holdup at the heterogeneous regime, and this effect was more pronounced for the low‐viscosity liquid. Moreover, increasing pressure further stabilized the homogeneous regime, and again, this stabilizing effect was more significant for the low‐viscosity liquid. Also, as a response to the pressure increasing, the axial gas holdup became more uniform in the case of the low‐viscosity liquid and less uniform in the case of the moderate‐viscosity liquid.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors use in the setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST elevation myocardial infarction in patients pre‐treated with newer P2Y12 inhibitors
Authors: Blanchart Katrien , Heudel Thibaut , Ardouin Pierre , Lemaitre Adrien , Briet Clément , Bignon Mathieu , Sabatier Rémi , Legallois Damien , Roule Vincent , Beygui Farzin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to investigate the safety and potential benefit of administrating glycoprotein IIb‐IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) on top of more potent P2Y12 inhibitors.BackgroundA number of clinical trials, performed at a time when pretreatment and potent platelet inhibition was not part of routine clinical practice, have documented clinical benefits of GPI in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients at the cost of a higher risk of bleeding.MethodsWe used the data of a prospective, ongoing registry of patients admitted for STEMI in our center. For the purpose of this study only patients presenting for primary percutaneous coronary intervention and pretreated with new P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel or ticagrelor) were included. We compared patients who received GPI with those who did not.ResultsEight hundred twenty‐four STEMI patients were included in our registry; GPIs were used in 338 patients (41%). GPI patients presented more often with cardiogenic shock and Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade <3. GPI use was not associated with an increase in in‐hospital or 3‐month mortality. Bleeding endpoints were similar in both groups.ConclusionsOur study suggests that GPI may be used safely in combination with recent P2Y12 inhibitors in STEMI patients in association with modern primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategies (radial access and anticoagulation with enoxaparin) with similar bleeding and mortality rates at hospital discharge and 3‐month follow‐up.
Bladder and upper urinary tract cancers as first and second primary cancers
Authors: Zheng Guoqiao , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Försti Asta , Hemminki Otto , Hemminki Kari 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious population‐based studies on second primary cancers (SPCs) in urothelial cancers have focused on known risk factors in bladder cancer patients without data on other urothelial sites of the renal pelvis or ureter.AimsTo estimate sex‐specific risks for any SPCs after urothelial cancers, and in reverse order, for urothelial cancers as SPCs after any cancer. Such two‐way analysis may help interpret the results.MethodsWe employed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) to estimate bidirectional relative risks of subsequent cancer associated with urothelial cancers. Patient data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry from years 1990 through 2015.ResultsWe identified 46 234 urinary bladder cancers (75% male), 940 ureteral cancers (60% male), and 2410 renal pelvic cancers (57% male). After male bladder cancer, SIRs significantly increased for 9 SPCs, most for ureteral (SIR 41.9) and renal pelvic (17.2) cancers. In the reversed order (bladder cancer as SPC), 10 individual FPCs were associated with an increased risk; highest associations were noted after renal pelvic (21.0) and ureteral (20.9) cancers. After female bladder cancer, SIRs of four SPCs were significantly increased, most for ureteral (87.8) and pelvic (35.7) cancers. Female bladder, ureteral, and pelvic cancers associated are with endometrial cancer.ConclusionsThe risks of recurrent urothelial cancers were very high, and, at most sites, female risks were twice over the male risks. Risks persisted often to follow‐up periods of >5 years, motivating an extended patient follow‐up. Lynch syndrome‐related cancers were associated with particularly female urothelial cancers, calling for clinical vigilance.
The frequency and clinicopathological significance of NRAS mutations in primary cutaneous nodular melanoma in Indonesia
Authors: Rinonce Hanggoro Tri , Sastri Deflen Jumatul , Trisnawati Fita , Kameswari Bidari , Ferronika Paranita , Irianiwati  
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma is a lethal skin malignancy with a high risk of metastasis, which prompts a need for research on treatment targets and prognostic factors. Recent studies show that the presence of neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) mutation can influence cell growth in melanomas. The NRAS mutation, which stimulates the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, is associated with a lower survival rate. However, evidence from Indonesia population is still very rare. Further understanding of the role of NRAS mutations in Indonesian melanoma cases will be crucial in developing new management strategies for melanoma patients with NRAS mutations.AimsTo explore the frequency of NRAS mutations and their clinicopathological associations in patients with primary nodular cutaneous melanoma in Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Methods and resultsFifty‐one paraffin‐embedded tissue samples were collected from primary nodular skin melanoma cases between 2011 and 2019 from the two largest referral hospitals in Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia. The NRAS mutation status was evaluated using qualitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The association of NRAS mutation was analyzed with the following: age, gender, location, lymph node metastasis, ulceration, mitotic index, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), necrosis, tumor thickness, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and tumor size. NRAS mutations were detected in 10 (19.6%) samples and predominantly observed (60%) in exon 2 (G12). These mutations were significantly correlated with lymph node metastases (p = .000); however, they were not associated with other variables analyzed in this study.ConclusionsThe prevalence of NRAS mutations in primary nodular cutaneous melanoma cases from Indonesia is consistent with previous studies and is significantly associated with increased lymph node metastases. However, the predominant mutation detected in exon 2 (G12) is different from previous studies conducted in other countries. This suggests that melanoma cases in Javanese people have different characteristics from other ethnicities.
Layered Double Oxides for Sensing Reducing Volatile Organic Compounds: The Effect of Local Charge Region Modulation
Authors: Qin Yuxiang , Xu Xin , Xia Qing , Wang Xinyang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMulti‐metal oxides with uniform distribution of various metal elements have potential for an enhanced gas‐sensing response due to the strong heterogeneous and synergistic effects involved. In this study, three layered double oxides, labeled as CuCr‐, ZnCr‐, and ZnTi‐LDOs, respectively, were prepared with corresponding LDHs (layered double hydroxides) as precursors and self‐sacrificial templates. The elemental mapping confirms the uniform distribution of hetero‐metal elements in whole LDOs. The CuCr‐LDOs exhibits a much larger sensing response towards reducing VOCs at room temperature, which is 3.5 or 13.3 times that of ZnCr‐ or ZnTi‐LDOs, respectively. The response differences are analyzed in terms of the local charge region modulation associated with heterojunction formation, and it is further demonstrated based on first‐principles calculations and valence electron theory. The present work suggests a possible strategy for developing highly sensitive oxide‐based gas sensors for VOCs detection.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Potential Melt‐Castable Explosive 3‐(1,2,4‐Oxadiazolyl)‐5‐Nitratomethyl Isoxazole
Authors: Johnson Eric C. , Reid Tristen A. , Miller Christopher W. , Sabatini Jesse J. , Sausa Rosario C. , Byrd Edward F. C. , Orlicki Joshua A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of 3‐(1,2,4‐oxadiazolyl)‐5‐nitratomethyl isoxazole (C6H4N4O5), its physical properties, and its theoretical performances are described. This energetic material was found to have a melting point range of 76.6–79.2 °C, and a thermal onset decomposition temperature of 184.5 °C. These thermal features put this material into the standalone melt‐castable explosive class. The material was found to have TNT performance, and was found to be insensitive to impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge, despite having a nitric ester functionality. A critical reaction in making this molecule was the desymmetrization of diaminoglyoxime. The optimization of this transformation is described. Previous reports of this desymmetrization were found to be inaccurate, as the desymmetrization reaction produces a co‐crystal of mono‐ and bi‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole products.
Addressing virtual reality misclassification: A hardware‐based qualification matrix for virtual reality technology
Authors: Takac Marcel , Collett James , Conduit Russell , De Foe Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThrough its unique sensory synchronized design, virtual reality (VR) provides a convincing, user‐centred experience of highly controllable scenarios. Importantly, VR is a promising modality for healthcare, where treatment efficacy has been recognized for a range of conditions. It is equally valuable across wider research disciplines. However, there is a lack of suitable criteria and consistent terminology with which to define VR technology. A considerable number of studies have misclassified VR hardware (e.g. defining laptops as VR), hindering validity and research comparisons. This review addresses these limitations and establishes a standardized VR qualification framework. As a result of a comprehensive theoretical and literature review, the hardware‐based VR qualification matrix is proposed. The matrix criteria consist of (1) three‐dimensional (3D) synchronized sensory stimulation; (2) degrees of freedom tracking; and (3) visual suppression of physical stimuli. To validate the model and quantify the current scale/diversity of VR misclassification, a 2019 sectional review of health‐related studies was conducted. Of the 115 studies examined against standardized criteria, 35.7% utilized VR, 31.3% misclassified VR, 18.3% were considered quasi‐VR, and 14.8% omitted critical specifications. The proposed model demonstrates good validity and reliability for qualifying and classifying VR.Key Practitioner Messages

Virtual reality (VR) therapy has gained rapid empirical support, although many practitioners do not understand the difference between genuine and less‐realistic VR variations.
That has resulted from an evident lack of suitable criteria to define VR across a range of studies and protocols.
Our proposed hardware‐based virtual reality qualification matrix addresses issues to do with misclassification, via the introduction of standardised criteria.
Applying the matrix to existing literature has revealed that more than 30% of VR studies use hardware that does not fit the high standards of rigour required for immersion in a simulated space.
The model is a practical tool researchers and practitioners can use to quality and verify VR standards across research studies.