bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness-based intervention for very preterm young adolescents: An RCT
Authors: Siffredi Vanessa , Liverani Maria Chiara , Hüppi Petra Susan , Freitas Lorena , De Albuquerque Jiske , Gimbert Fanny , Merglen Arnaud , Meskaldji Djalel-Eddine , Tolsa Cristina Borradori , Hà-Vinh Leuchter Russia 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis randomised controlled trial (RCT) assesses the effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) in improving executive, behavioural and socio-emotional competences in very preterm young adolescents.Methods58 young adolescents aged 10 to 14 years, born before 32 gestational weeks at the Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland, participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to an “intervention” or a “waiting” group and all completed an 8-week MBI in a cross-over design. Executive, behavioural and socio-emotional competences were assessed at three different time points via parent and self-reported questionnaires, neuropsychological testing, and computerised tasks. We analysed data using an intention-to-treat approach with linear modelling. Subgroups of participants based on levels of prematurity were created using k-means clustering.ResultsParent questionnaires revealed a statistically significant immediate effect of MBI with increased executive and behavioural competencies in everyday life. Increased executive competence was also observed on a Flanker task with enhanced speed of processing after MBI. Two subgroups of participants were created based on measures of prematurity, which revealed increased long-term benefits in the moderate-risk that are not observed in the high-risk subgroups of VPT young adolescents.ConclusionsOur findings show a beneficial effect of MBI on executive, behavioural and socio-emotional competences in VPT young adolescents. Moderate-risk and high-risk VPT young adolescents showed different immediate and long-term beneficial effects of the intervention. Our results suggest that MBI is a valuable tool for reducing detrimental consequences of prematurity in young adolescents, especially regarding executive, behavioural and socio-emotional difficulties.Data Sharing StatementDeidentified individual participant data (including data dictionaries) will be made available, in addition to study protocols, the statistical analysis plan, and the informed consent form. The data will be made available upon publication to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal for use in achieving the goals of the approved proposal. Proposals should be submitted toRussia.HaVinhLeuchter@unige.ch.
Mortality and Severity in COVID-19 Patients on ACEIs & ARBs - A Meta-Regression Analysis
Authors: Singh Romil , Rathore Sawai Singh , Khan Hira , Bhurwal Abhishek , Sheraton Mack , Ghosh Prithwish , Anand Sohini , Makadia Janaki , Ayesha FNU , Mahapure Kiran S. , Mehra Ishita , Tekin Aysun , Kashyap Rahul , Bansal Vikas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThe primary objective of this review is to examine studies reporting association of mortality in COVID-19 patients with whether they were on Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). A secondary objective is to similarly access associations with higher severity of the disease in COVID-19 patients.Materials and MethodsWe searched multiple COVID-19 databases (WHO, CDC, LIT-COVID) for randomized trials and longitudinal studies from all over the world reporting mortality and severity published before January 18th, 2021. Meta-analyses were performed using 53 studies for mortality outcome and 43 for the severity outcome. Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios were generated to describe overall effect size using random effect models. To account for between study results variations, multivariate meta-Regression was performed with preselected covariates using maximum likelihood method for both the mortality and severity models.ResultOur findings showed that the use of ACEIs/ARBs did not significantly influence either mortality (OR=1.16 95% CI 0.94 to 1.44, p= 0.15, I2 = 93.2%) or severity (OR=1.18, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.48 p= 0.15, I2 = 91.1%) in comparison to not being on ACEIs/ARBs in COVID-19 positive patients. Multivariate meta-regression for the mortality model demonstrated that 36% of between study variations could be explained by differences in age, gender, and proportion of heart diseases in the study samples. Multivariate meta-regression for the severity model demonstrated that 8% of between study variations could be explained by differences in age, proportion of diabetes, heart disease and study country in the study samples.ConclusionWe found no association of mortality or severity in COVID-19 patients taking ACEIs/ARBs.
Evaluation of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test at an Emergency Room in a Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Faíco-Filho Klinger Soares , Finamor Júnior Francisco Estivallet , Vinícius Leão Moreira Luiz , Lins Paulo Ricardo Gessolo , Justo Alberto Fernando Oliveira , Bellei Nancy 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe performance characteristics of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test were evaluated against RT-PCR – considered the gold-standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 – at an emergency room in São Paulo, Brazil. The study aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive percent agreement (PPA), and negative percent agreement (NPA) as compared to RT-PCR.MethodsSpecimens from 127 suspected patients were tested by both the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test and by RT-PCR.ResultsEvaluation of the agreement between the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test and RT-PCR indicated an overall sensitivity of 84% (95%CI, 75-93.8%) and an overall specificity of 98% (95%CI, 96-98.8%). The Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test showed 97% sensitivity and 99% NPA for subjects with Ct values ≤ 25 (N=37).ConclusionThe Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test is suitable for use as a diagnostic test for the rapid screening of patients presenting COVID-19 symptoms, or those suspected with being infected, prior to being admitted to hospital.
Association ofNRAMP1-INT4 gene with Susceptibility to Tuberculosis in the Sudanese Population: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Gubara Mohamed Sara Gamal , Elaagip Arwa , Salaheldin Maryam Atif , Idris Abeer Babiker , Musa Taha Hussein , Mohammed Fayad Osman , Mohammed Layla Ahmed , Musa Hassan Hussein 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSudan is a Sub-Saharan African country with a high prevalence rate of Tuberculosis. Natural Resistant Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP1) plays a potential role in the development of immunity against TB, and it has a critical role in disease resistance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association ofNRAMP1polymorphism at intron4 (INT4) region with susceptibility to TB infection.MethodsDemographic, clinical and microbiological data were collected from 150 participants and investigated using designed questionnaire. The genotyping ofNRAMP1-INT4 polymorphism was performed in 60 TB-infected patients and 50 healthy control using Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP).ResultsAmong cases (60%) were males, only (3.3%) were vaccinated. The most reported risk factors were tobacco smoking (17%), diabetes (10%), alcohol consumption (2%) and corticosteroid therapy intakes (1%). Pulmonary TB was detected in 67% of the patients, 24% had pulmonary/MDR and 9% had extra-pulmonary TB. The frequency of wild G allele was significantly higher in cases compared with healthy control subjects (P-value <0.0001). Also, a significant association was observed between the heterozygosity forNRAMP1-INT4 variant and resistance to TB infection (P-value 0.001, OR= 4.83, 95%CI 1.96∼11.88). Homozygotes mutant INT4 (C/C) genotype was not detected in both cases and controls.ConclusionstheNRAMP1-INT4 polymorphism may serve as marker of unidentified genetic factors that may play a critical role in host immunity to TB in the Sudanese population. Further studies with large sample size are recommended to determine population-specific genetic associations with TB susceptibility in order to guide TB therapy and prophylaxis in a population-specific manner.
The Effect of Diabetes and Prediabetes on Anti-tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: A Multicentric Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Arriaga María B. , Araújo-Pereira Mariana , Barreto-Duarte Beatriz , Nogueira Betânia , Freire Maria Vitória C.N.S. , Queiroz Artur T.L. , Rodrigues Moreno M.S. , Rocha Michael S. , Souza Alexandra B. , Spener-Gomes Renata , Carvalho Anna Cristina C. , Figueiredo Marina C. , Turner Megan M. , Durovni Betina , Lapa-e-Silva José R. , Kritski Afrânio L. , Cavalcante Solange , Rolla Valeria C. , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Sterling Timothy R. , Andrade Bruno B. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is unclear whether diabetes or prediabetes drives adverse treatment outcomes and death in people with tuberculosis (PWTB).MethodsCulture-confirmed PWTB, enrolled in the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil cohort between 2015 and 2019 (n=756) were stratified based on glycemic status by baseline glycated hemoglobin levels. Unfavorable TB outcome was defined as treatment failure or modification, recurrence or death, whereas favorable outcome was cure or treatment completion. We validated the findings using data from PWTB reported to the Brazilian National System of Diseases Notification (SINAN) during 2015-2019 (n=20,989). Stepwise binary multivariable regression analysis models evaluated associations between glycemic status and unfavorable outcomes.ResultsIn both cohorts, in univariate analysis, unfavorable outcomes were more frequently associated with drug resistance and HIV infection. Diabetes was associated with unfavorable outcomes in the RePORT (aOR: 2.85, p=0.001) and in SINAN (aOR: 1.56, p=0.040) cohorts. Furthermore, diabetes was associated with higher risk of death in both, RePORT-Brazil (aOR:3.23, p=0.006) and in the SINAN (aOR:2.75, p= 0.047) cohorts.ConclusionDiabetes was associated with an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes and mortality in Brazilian PWTB. Interventions to improve tuberculosis treatment outcomes in persons with diabetes are needed.40-word summary of the article’s main pointIn a multicenter prospective cohort study from Brazil, diabetes was associated with an increased risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes, including mortality, in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. These observations were validated in the Brazilian National Disease Notification System during the same period.
Transcriptome analysis of PBMCs reveals distinct immune response in the asymptomatic and re-detectable positive COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Lin Dongzi , Li Kui , Ding Xiangming , Li Lin , Liu Yuntao , Liu Dongdong , Lin Jing , Teng Xiangyun , Li Yizhe , Liu Ming , Wang Xiaodan , He Dan , Shi Yaling , Wang Dawei , Xu Jianhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe existence of asymptomatic and re-detectable positive COVID-19 patients presents the disease control challenges of COVID-19. Most studies on immune response of COVID-19 have focused on the moderately or severely symptomatic patients, however little is known about the immune response in asymptomatic and re-detectable positive patients. Here we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptomic profiles of PBMCs from 48 COVID-19 patients which include 8 asymptomatic, 13 symptomatic, 15 recovering and 12 RP patients. Our analysis revealed a down-regulation of IFN response and complement activation in the asymptomatic patients compared with the symptomatic, indicating a weaker immune response of the PBMCs in the asymptomatic patients. In addition, we observed a lower expression of the cytokines and chemokines in the PBMC of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. In contrast, the cytokines and chemokines level in the RP patients are higher than the recovering. GSEA analysis showed the enrichment of TNFa/NF-κB and influenza infection in the RP patients compared with the recovering patients, indicating a flu-like, hyper-inflammatory immune response in the PBMC of RP patients. Thus our findings could extend our understanding of host immune response during the progression COVID-19 disease and help the clinical management and the immunotherapy development for COVID-19.
Evaluation of albumin kinetics in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 compared to those with sepsis-induced ARDS
Authors: Su Chang , Hoffman Katherine , Zhenxing Xu , Sanchez Elizabeth , Siempos Ilias , Harrington John S , Racanelli Alexandra , Plataki Maria , Wang Fei , Schenck Edward J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 outcomes like mortality have been associated with albumin alteration. However, it is unclear whether albumin changes in COVID-19 are pathogen specific or not. To this end, we characterized the kinetics of serum albumin in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 compared to mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). We discovered two phases of alterations in albumin levels during the course of Covid-19 critical illness, but not for the sepsis-induced ARDS. Our findings suggest the metabolic effects of COVID-19 are pathogen-specific and albumin recovery may signal the cessation of a deleterious immune response in this disease.
Validation of breath biomarkers for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Nowak Nora , Engler Anna , Thiel Sira , Stöberl Anna S. , Sinues Pablo , Zenobi Renato , Kohler Malcolm 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an underdiagnosed respiratory disease with negative metabolic and cardiovascular effects. The current gold standard for diagnosing OSA is in-hospital polysomnography, a time-consuming and costly procedure, often inconvenient for the patient. Recent studies revealed evidence for the potential of breath analysis for the diagnosis of OSA based on a disease-specific metabolic pattern. However, none of these findings were validated in a larger and broader cohort, an essential step for its application in clinics.MethodsIn the present study, we validated a panel of breath biomarkers in a cohort of patients with possible OSA (N = 149). These markers were previously identified in our group by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS).ResultsHere, we could confirm significant differences between metabolic patterns in exhaled breath from OSA patients compared to control subjects without OSA as well as the association of breath biomarker levels with disease severity. Our prediction of the diagnosis for the patients from this completely independent validation study using a classification model trained on the data from the previous study resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.66, which is comparable to questionnaire-based OSA screenings.ConclusionsThus, our results suggest that breath analysis by SESI-HRMS could be used to screen for OSA. Its true predictive power should be tested in combination with OSA screening questionnaires.Clinical trial“Mass Spectral Fingerprinting in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea”, NCT02810158, www.ClinicalTrials.gov
Empirical networks for localized COVID-19 interventions using WiFi infrastructure at university campuses
Authors: Das Swain Vedant , Xie Jiajia , Madan Maanit , Sargolzaei Sonia , Cai James , De Choudhury Munmun , Abowd Gregory D. , Steimle Lauren N. , Prakash B. Aditya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInfectious diseases, like COVID-19, pose serious challenges to university campuses, which typically adopt closure as a non-pharmaceutical intervention to control spread and ensure a gradual return to normalcy. Intervention policies, such as remote instruction (RI) where large classes are offered online, reduce potential contact but also have broad side-effects on campus by hampering the local economy, students’ learning outcomes, and community wellbeing. In this paper, we demonstrate that university policymakers can mitigate these tradeoffs by leveraging anonymized data from their WiFi infrastructure to learn community mobility —- a methodology we refer to as WiFi mobility models (WiMob). This approach enables policymakers to explore more granular policies like localized closures (LC). WiMob can construct contact networks that capture behavior in various spaces, highlighting new potential transmission pathways and temporal variation in contact behavior. Additionally, WiMob enables us to design LC policies that close super-spreader locations on campus. By simulating disease spread with contact networks from WiMob, we find that LC maintains the same reduction in cumulative infections as RI while showing greater reduction in peak infections and internal transmission. Moreover, LC reduces campus burden by closing fewer locations, forcing fewer students into completely online schedules, and requiring no additional isolation. WiMob can empower universities to conceive and assess a variety of closure policies to prevent future outbreaks.
Exhaustive circulating tumor DNA sequencing reveals the genomic landscape of Hodgkin lymphoma and facilitates ultrasensitive detection of minimal residual disease
Authors: Sobesky Sophia , Mammadova Laman , Cirillo Melita , Drees Esther , Mattlener Julia , Dörr Helge , Altmüller Janine , Shi Zhiyuan , Bröckelmann Paul J , Weiss Jonathan , Kreissl Stefanie , Sasse Stephanie , Ullrich Roland T , Reinke Sarah , Klapper Wolfram , Gerhard-Hartmann Elena , Rosenwald Andreas , Roemer Margaretha GM , Nürnberg Peter , Hagenbeek Anton , Zijlstra Josée M. , Pegtel Dirk Michiel , Engert Andreas , Borchmann Peter , von Tresckow Bastian , Borchmann Sven 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIndividualizing treatment is key to improve outcome and reduce long-term side-effects in any cancer. In Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), individualization of treatment is hindered by a lack of genomic characterization and technology for sensitive, molecular response assessment.Sequencing of cell-free (cf)DNA is a powerful strategy to understand an individual cancer genome and can be used to develop assays for extremely sensitive disease monitoring. In HL, a high proportion of cfDNA is tumor-derived making it a highly relevant disease model to study the role of cfDNA sequencing in cancer.Here, we introduce our targeted cfDNA sequencing platform and present the largest genomic landscape of HL to date, which was entirely derived by cfDNA sequencing. We comprehensively genotype and assess minimal residual disease in 324 samples from 121 patients, presenting an integrated landscape of mutations and copy number variations in HL. In addition, we perform a deep analysis of mutational processes driving HL, investigate the clonal structure of HL and link several genotypes to HL phenotypes and outcome. Finally, we show that minimal residual disease assessment by repeat cfDNA sequencing as early as a week after treatment initiation is feasible and predicts overall treatment response allowing highly improved treatment guidance and relapse prediction. Our study also serves as a blueprint showcasing the utility of our platform for other cancers with similar therapeutic challenges.
Smoking methylation marks for prediction of urothelial cancer risk
Authors: Yu Chenglong , Jordahl Kristina M. , Bassett Julie K. , Joo Jihoon Eric , Wong Ee Ming , Brinkman Maree , Schmidt Daniel , Bolton Damien , Makalic Enes , Brasky Theodore M. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Tinker Lesley , Longano Anthony , Hopper John L. , English Dallas R. , Milne Roger L. , Bhatti Parveen , Southey Melissa C. , Giles Graham G. , Dugué Pierre-Antoine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelf-reported information may not accurately capture smoking exposure. We aimed to evaluate whether smoking-associated DNA methylation markers improve urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) risk prediction.MethodsConditional logistic regression was used to assess associations between blood-based methylation and UCC risk using two matched case-control samples,N=404 pairs from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS) andN=440 pairs from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) cohort, respectively. Results were pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis. We developed methylation-based predictors of UCC and evaluated their prediction accuracy on two replication datasets using the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsThe meta-analysis identified associations (P<4.7×10−5) for 29 of 1,061 smoking-associated methylation sites, but these were substantially attenuated after adjustment for self-reported smoking. Nominally significant associations (P<0.05) were found for 387 (36%) and 86 (8%) of smoking-associated markers without/with adjustment for self-reported smoking, respectively, with same direction of association as with smoking for 387 (100%) and 79 (92%) markers. A Lasso-based predictor was associated with UCC risk in one replication dataset in MCCS (N=134, odds ratio per SD [OR]=1.37, 95%CI=1.00-1.90) after confounder adjustment; AUC=0.66, compared with AUC=0.64 without methylation information. Limited evidence of replication was found in the second testing dataset in WHI (N=440, OR=1.09, 95%CI=0.91-1.30).ConclusionsCombination of smoking-associated methylation marks may provide some improvement to UCC risk prediction. Our findings need further evaluation using larger datasets.ImpactDNA methylation may be associated with UCC risk beyond traditional smoking assessment and could contribute to some improvements in stratification of UCC risk in the general population.