bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer understanding of terms used in imaging reports requested for low back pain: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Farmer Caitlin , O'Connor Denise A , Lee Hopin , McCaffery Kirsten , Maher Christopher , Newell Dave , Cashin Aidan , Byfield David , Jarvik Jeffrey , Buchbinder Rachelle 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate (1) self-reported societal comprehension of common and usually non-serious terms found in lumbar spine imaging reports and (2) its relationship to perceived seriousness, likely persistence of low back pain (LBP), fear of movement, back beliefs and history and intensity of LBP.DesignCross-sectional online survey of the general public.SettingFive English-speaking countries: UK, USA, Canada, New Zealand and Australia.ParticipantsAdults (age >18 years) with or without a history of LBP recruited in April 2019 with quotas for country, age and gender.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-reported understanding of 14 terms (annular fissure, disc bulge, disc degeneration, disc extrusion, disc height loss, disc protrusion, disc signal loss, facet joint degeneration, high intensity zone, mild canal stenosis, Modic changes, nerve root contact, spondylolisthesis and spondylosis) commonly found in lumbar spine imaging reports. For each term, we also elicited worry about its seriousness, and whether its presence would indicate pain persistence and prompt fear of movement.ResultsFrom 774 responses, we included 677 (87.5%) with complete and valid responses. 577 (85%) participants had a current or past history of LBP of whom 251 (44%) had received lumbar spine imaging. Self-reported understanding of all terms was poor. At best, 235 (35%) reported understanding the term ‘disc degeneration’, while only 71 (10.5%) reported understanding the term ‘Modic changes’. For all terms, a moderate to large proportion of participants (range 59%–71%), considered they indicated a serious back problem, that pain might persist (range 52%–71%) and they would be fearful of movement (range 42%–57%).ConclusionCommon and usually non-serious terms in lumbar spine imaging reports are poorly understood by the general population and may contribute to the burden of LBP.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000545167.
‘This is time we’ll never get back’: a qualitative study of mothers’ experiences of care associated with neonatal death
Authors: Redshaw Maggie , Henderson Jane , Bevan Charlotte 
Published: September 2021

AimsTo explore the perceptions and experience of women whose baby died in the neonatal period about their care in the perinatal period, on delivery suite, in the neonatal unit and afterwards, expressed in their own words.DesignSecondary analysis of the Listening to Parents study, using thematic analysis based on the open text responses from a postal survey of parents whose baby died in the neonatal period in England. Women were asked about care during the pregnancy, labour and birth, around the time the baby died and about neonatal care. Women whose pregnancy was terminated for fetal abnormality were excluded from this analysis.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were received from 249 mothers of whom most (78%) responded with open text. Overarching themes identified were ‘the importance of proximity’, ‘recognition of role and identity as a parent’ and ‘the experience of care’ and subthemes included ‘hours and moments’, ‘barriers to contact’, ‘ being able to parent, even for a short time’, ‘missed opportunities’, ‘being heard’ and ‘sensitive and responsive care’.ConclusionThe findings identify what is most important for mothers in experiencing the life and death of a baby as a newborn. Physical contact with the baby was paramount, as was being treated as a mother and a parent and being able to function as such. The way in which healthcare staff behaved and how their babies were cared for was critical to how mothers felt supported and enabled at this time. If all women whose babies die in the neonatal period after birth are to receive the responsive care they need, greater understanding of the primary need for closeness and proximity, for active recognition of their parental role and staff awareness of the limited time window available is essential.
Which resources help young people to prevent and overcome mental distress in deprived urban areas in Latin America? A protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Priebe Stefan , Fung Catherine , Brusco Luis Ignacio , Carbonetti Fernando , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos , Uribe Miguel , Diez-Canseco Francisco , Smuk Melanie , Holt Nicola , Kirkbride James B. , Araya Ricardo , Morgan Craig , Eldridge Sandra , Heritage Paul , Bird Victoria 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionImproving the mental health of young people is a global public health priority. In Latin America, young people living in deprived urban areas face various risk factors for mental distress. However, most either do not develop mental distress in the form of depression and anxiety, or recover within a year without treatment from mental health services. This research programme seeks to identify the personal and social resources that help young people to prevent and recover from mental distress.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional study will compare personal and social resources used by 1020 young people (aged 15–16 and 20–24 years) with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety and 1020 without. A longitudinal cohort study will follow-up young people with mental distress after 6 months and 1 year and compare resource use in those who do and do not recover. An experience sampling method study will intensively assess activities, experiences and mental distress in subgroups over short time periods. Finally, we will develop case studies highlighting existing initiatives that effectively support young people to prevent and recover from mental distress. The analysis will assess differences between young people with and without distress at baseline using t-tests and χ2tests. Within the groups with mental distress, multivariate logistic regression analyses using a random effects model will assess the relationship between predictor variables and recovery.Ethics and disseminationEthics approvals are received from Ethics Committee in Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires; Faculty of Medicine-Research and Ethics Committee of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá; Institutional Ethics Committee of Research of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and Queen Mary Ethics of Research Committee. Dissemination will include arts-based methods and target different audiences such as national stakeholders, researchers from different disciplines and the general public.Trial registration numberISRCTN72241383.
Life-cycle sustainability assessment of geotechnical site investigation
Authors: Purdy Christopher M. , Raymond Alena J. , DeJong Jason T. , Kendall Alissa , Krage Christopher , Sharp Jamie 
Published: September 2021

The life-cycle impacts of site characterization, an important component of most geotechnical engineering projects, are typically not considered in practice nor have they been studied in detail. A life-cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) was performed to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of several common site investigation methods. The potential impacts of these methods were computed to provide normalized metrics for the mobilization, drilling, sampling and (or) testing, and borehole sealing phases of the life cycle. These environmental impact and cost metrics were then applied to a “typical” 30 m exploration to compare different site investigation methods. Next, the metrics were used to assess the impacts of small and midsized industry investigation programs to investigate how impacts scale with project size. Scenario analyses were then performed on the midsized project to consider how different mobilization choices, grouting materials, and exploration methods influence total impacts. Collectively, this study provides a reference and framework that allows practitioners to assess environmental impacts in parallel with cost when designing site investigation scopes of work.
Provenance controls on volcaniclastic beach sand: example from the Aeolian archipelago, Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Morrone Consuele , Le Pera Emilia , Marsaglia Kathleen M. , De Rosa Rosanna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Sand and sandstone composition of volcanic origin may be clues to the provenance of the sediments and sedimentary rocks. Volcaniclastic provenance studies contribute significantly to unravelling the generation and provenance of sediment under investigation, which in the Aeolian archipelago comprises preserved units of outcrops dominated by lava flows intercalated with airfall tephras as source rocks. The focus of this paper is the study of the petrographical composition and textures of beach sands, which can then be used as a guide in the interpretation of provenance and origin of beach sand(stone)s rich in volcanic debris transported into deeper water. The composition of Aeolian beach deposits defines a single immature petrofacies with a large amount of unweathered glass and mafic minerals. Panarea island is dominated by dacites and new grain categories have been proposed to differentiate this provenance. Surface processes such as mechanical erosion (mass wasting and surface runoff) produce an overestimation of mafic components compared to the felsic components in the beach sand fraction.
Oxidative Phosphorylation Is a Metabolic Vulnerability in Chemotherapy-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Evans Kurt W. , Yuca Erkan , Scott Stephen S. , Zhao Ming , Paez Arango Natalia , Cruz Pico Christian X. , Saridogan Turcin , Shariati Maryam , Class Caleb A. , Bristow Christopher A. , Vellano Christopher P. , Zheng Xiaofeng , Gonzalez-Angulo Ana Maria , Su Xiaoping , Tapia Coya , Chen Ken , Akcakanat Argun , Lim Bora , Tripathy Debu , Yap Timothy A. , Francesco Maria Emilia Di , Draetta Giulio F. , Jones Philip , Heffernan Timothy P. , Marszalek Joseph R. , Meric-Bernstam Funda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an active metabolic pathway in many cancers. RNA from pretreatment biopsies from patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated that the top canonical pathway associated with worse outcome was higher expression of OXPHOS signature. IACS-10759, a novel inhibitor of OXPHOS, stabilized growth in multiple TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDX). On gene expression profiling, all of the sensitive models displayed a basal-like 1 TNBC subtype. Expression of mitochondrial genes was significantly higher in sensitive PDXs. An in vivo functional genomics screen to identify synthetic lethal targets in tumors treated with IACS-10759 found several potential targets, including CDK4. We validated the antitumor efficacy of the combination of palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, and IACS-10759 in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the combination of IACS-10759 and multikinase inhibitor cabozantinib had improved antitumor efficacy. Taken together, our data suggest that OXPHOS is a metabolic vulnerability in TNBC that may be leveraged with novel therapeutics in combination regimens.Significance:These findings suggest that triple-negative breast cancer is highly reliant on OXPHOS and that inhibiting OXPHOS may be a novel approach to enhance efficacy of several targeted therapies.
Phase Ib Dose Expansion and Translational Analyses of Olaparib in Combination with Capivasertib in Recurrent Endometrial, Triple-Negative Breast, and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Westin Shannon N. , Labrie Marilyne , Litton Jennifer K. , Blucher Aurora , Fang Yong , Vellano Christopher P. , Marszalek Joseph R. , Feng Ningping , Ma XiaoYan , Creason Allison , Fellman Bryan , Yuan Ying , Lee Sanghoon , Kim Tae-Beom , Liu Jinsong , Chelariu-Raicu Anca , Chen Tsun Hsuan , Kabil Nashwa , Soliman Pamela T. , Frumovitz Michael , Schmeler Katheleen M. , Jazaeri Amir , Lu Karen H. , Murthy Rashmi , Meyer Larissa A. , Sun Charlotte C. , Sood Anil K. , Coleman Robert L. , Mills Gordon B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
On the basis of strong preclinical rationale, we sought to confirm recommended phase II dose (RP2D) for olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, combined with the AKT inhibitor capivasertib and assess molecular markers of response and resistance.

Patients and Methods:
We performed a safety lead-in followed by expansion in endometrial, triple-negative breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer. Olaparib 300 mg orally twice daily and capivasertib orally twice daily on a 4-day on 3-day off schedule was evaluated. Two dose levels (DL) of capivasertib were planned: 400 mg (DL1) and 320 mg (DL-1). Patients underwent biopsies at baseline and 28 days.

Results:
A total of 38 patients were enrolled. Seven (18%) had germline BRCA1/2 mutations. The first 2 patients on DL1 experienced dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of diarrhea and vomiting. No DLTs were observed on DL-1 (n = 6); therefore, DL1 was reexplored (n = 6) with no DLTs, confirming DL1 as RP2D. Most common treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events were anemia (23.7%) and leukopenia (10.5%). Of 32 evaluable subjects, 6 (19%) had partial response (PR); PR rate was 44.4% in endometrial cancer. Seven (22%) additional patients had stable disease greater than 4 months. Tumor analysis demonstrated strong correlations between response and immune activity, cell-cycle alterations, and DNA damage response. Therapy resistance was associated with receptor tyrosine kinase and RAS-MAPK pathway activity, metabolism, and epigenetics.

Conclusions:
The combination of olaparib and capivasertib is associated to no serious adverse events and demonstrates durable activity in ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancers, with promising responses in endometrial cancer. Importantly, tumor samples acquired pre- and on-therapy can help predict patient benefit.
Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for 1‐Year Readmission Among Young Adults Hospitalized for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dreyer Rachel P. , Raparelli Valeria , Tsang Sui W. , D’Onofrio Gail , Lorenze Nancy , Xie Catherine F. , Geda Mary , Pilote Louise , Murphy Terrence E. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Readmission over the first year following hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is common among younger adults (≤55 years). Our aim was to develop/validate a risk prediction model that considered a broad range of factors for readmission within 1 year.

Methods and Results
We used data from the VIRGO (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients) study, which enrolled young adults aged 18 to 55 years hospitalized with AMI across 103 US hospitals (N=2979). The primary outcome was ≥1 all‐cause readmissions within 1 year of hospital discharge. Bayesian model averaging was used to select the risk model. The mean age of participants was 47.1 years, 67.4% were women, and 23.2% were Black. Within 1 year of discharge for AMI, 905 (30.4%) of participants were readmitted and were more likely to be female, Black, and nonmarried. The final risk model consisted of 10 predictors: depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.05), better physical health (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99), in‐hospital complication of heart failure (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.99–2.08), chronic obstructive pulmomary disease (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.96–1.74), diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.00–1.52), female sex (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.05–1.65), low income (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.89–1.42), prior AMI (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.15–1.87), in‐hospital length of stay (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04–1.23), and being employed (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.69–1.12). The model had excellent calibration and modest discrimination (C statistic=0.67 in development/validation cohorts).

Conclusions
Women and those with a prior AMI, increased depressive symptoms, longer inpatient length of stay and diabetes may be more likely to be readmitted. Notably, several predictors of readmission were psychosocial characteristics rather than markers of AMI severity. This finding may inform the development of interventions to reduce readmissions in young patients with AMI.
Maintaining Common Ground in Dynamic Environments
Authors: Udagawa Takuma , Aizawa Akiko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Common grounding is the process of creating and maintaining mutual understandings, which is a critical aspect of sophisticated human communication. While various task settings have been proposed in existing literature, they mostly focus on creating common ground under a static context and ignore the aspect of maintaining them overtime under dynamic context. In this work, we propose a novel task setting to study the ability of both creating and maintaining common ground in dynamic environments. Based on our minimal task formulation, we collected a large-scale dataset of 5,617 dialogues to enable fine-grained evaluation and analysis of various dialogue systems. Through our dataset analyses, we highlight novel challenges introduced in our setting, such as the usage of complex spatio-temporal expressions to create and maintain common ground. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to assess the capabilities of our baseline dialogue system and discuss future prospects of our research.
Role of Advection of Parameterized Turbulence Kinetic Energy in Idealized Tropical Cyclone Simulations
Authors: Chen Xiaomin , Bryan George H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHorizontal homogeneity is typically assumed in the design of planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations in weather prediction models. Consistent with this assumption, PBL schemes with predictive equations for subgrid turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) typically neglect advection of TKE. However, tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layers are inhomogeneous, particularly in the eyewall. To gain further insight, this study examines the effect of advection of TKE using the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) PBL scheme in idealized TC simulations. The analysis focuses on two simulations, one that includes TKE advection (CTL) and one that does not (NoADV). Results show that relatively large TKE in the eyewall above 2 km is predominantly attributable to vertical advection of TKE in CTL. Interestingly, buoyancy production of TKE is negative in this region in both simulations; thus, buoyancy effects cannot explain observed columns of TKE in TC eyewalls. Both horizontal and vertical advection of TKE tends to reduce TKE and vertical viscosity (Km) in the near-surface inflow layer, particularly in the eyewall of TCs. Results also show that the simulated TC in CTL has slightly stronger maximum winds, slightly smaller radius of maximum wind (RMW), and ~5% smaller radius of gale-force wind than in NoADV. These differences are consistent with absolute angular momentum being advected to smaller radii in CTL. Sensitivity simulations further reveal that the differences between CTL and NoADV are more attributable to vertical advection (rather than horizontal advection) of TKE. Recommendations for improvements of PBL schemes that use predictive equations for TKE are also discussed.
Response of Tropical Rainfall to Reduced Evapotranspiration Depends on Continental Extent
Authors: Pietschnig Marianne , Swann Abigail L. S. , Lambert F. Hugo , Vallis Geoffrey K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFuture projections of precipitation change over tropical land are often enhanced by vegetation responses to CO2 forcing in Earth system models. Projected decreases in rainfall over the Amazon basin and increases over the Maritime Continent are both stronger when plant physiological changes are modeled than if these changes are neglected, but the reasons for this amplification remain unclear. The responses of vegetation to increasing CO2 levels are complex and uncertain, including possible decreases in stomatal conductance and increases in leaf area index due to CO2 fertilization. Our results from an idealized atmospheric general circulation model show that the amplification of rainfall changes occurs even when we use a simplified vegetation parameterization based solely on CO2-driven decreases in stomatal conductance, indicating that this mechanism plays a key role in complex model projections. Based on simulations with rectangular continents we find that reducing terrestrial evaporation to zero with increasing CO2 notably leads to enhanced rainfall over a narrow island. Strong heating and ascent over the island trigger moisture advection from the surrounding ocean. In contrast, over larger continents rainfall depends on continental evaporation. Simulations with two rectangular continents representing South America and Africa reveal that the stronger decrease in rainfall over the Amazon basin seen in Earth system models is due to a combination of local and remote effects, which are fundamentally connected to South America’s size and its location with respect to Africa. The response of tropical rainfall to changes in evapotranspiration is thus connected to size and configuration of the continents.
Validation of HWRF-based Probabilistic TC Wind and Precipitation forecasts
Authors: Bachmann Kevin , Torn Ryan D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTropical cyclones are associated with a variety of significant social hazards, including wind, rain, and storm surge. Despite this, most of the model validation effort has been directed toward track and intensity forecasts. In contrast, few studies have investigated the skill of state-of-the-art, high-resolution ensemble prediction systems in predicting associated TC hazards, which is crucial since TC position and intensity do not always correlate with the TC-related hazards, and can result in impacts far from the actual TC center. Furthermore, dynamic models can provide flow-dependent uncertainty estimates, which in turn can provide more specific guidance to forecasters than statistical uncertainty estimates based on past errors. This study validates probabilistic forecasts of wind speed and precipitation hazards derived from the HWRF ensemble prediction system and compares its skill to forecasts by the stochastically-based operational Monte Carlo Model (NHC), the IFS (ECMWF), and the GEFS (NOAA) in use 2017-2019. Wind and Precipitation forecasts are validated against NHC best track wind radii information and the National Stage IV QPE Product. The HWRF 34 kn wind forecasts have comparable skill to the global models up to 60 h lead time before HWRF skill decreases, possibly due to detrimental impacts of large track errors. In contrast, HWRF has comparable quality to its competitors for higher thresholds of 50 kn and 64 kn throughout 120 h lead time. In terms of precipitation hazards, HWRF performs similar or better than global models, but depicts higher, although not perfect, reliability, especially for events over 5 in120h−1. Post-processing, like Quantile Mapping, improves forecast skill for all models significantly and can alleviate reliability issues of the global models.