bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Step-by-Step” Minimally Invasive Hemostatic Technique Using Intrauterine Double-Balloon Tamponade Combined with Uterine Isthmus Vertical Compression Suture for the Control of Placenta Accreta and Severe Atonic Hemorrhage during a Cesarean Section
Authors: Takahashi Masaya , Takeda Jun , Haneda Sumie , Ishii Sumire , Shinohara Mitsuko , Yoshida Emiko , Sato Anna , Makino Shintaro , Itakura Atsuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA sudden onset of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during a cesarean delivery requires urgent hemostasis procedures, such as the B-Lynch, Hayman, or double-vertical compression sutures, when bimanual compression, uterotonic agent administration, and intrauterine balloon tamponade had failed to achieve sufficient hemostasis. However, after invasive hemostatic procedures, postoperative complications, including subsequent synechiae and infection followed by ischemia, have been reported to occur even in successful cases. To avoid these complications, we devised and performed a minimally invasive combined technique based on a “step-by-step” minimally invasive hemostatic protocol for a case of placenta accreta and severe atonic hemorrhage during a cesarean delivery. A nullipara woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus and treatment with prednisolone and tacrolimus underwent a cesarean section because of a nonreassuring fetal status. Severe atonic hemorrhage and placenta accreta were observed which did not respond to bimanual compression and uterotonics. Because severe uterine atony and continuous bleeding from the placental attachment area were observed even with intrauterine balloon tamponade, vertical compression sutures were placed in the uterine isthmus. However, severe uterine atony and atonic bleeding from the uterine corpus persisted; thus, a second balloon was inserted into the uterine corpus. Hemostasis was accomplished with a combination of isthmus vertical compression sutures and double balloons which is a less-invasive approach than existing compression techniques. No complications related to these procedures were observed. This step-by-step minimally invasive hemostatic technique has the potential to control PPH with less complications, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Surgical Skills Olympiad: A 4-Year Experience in a General Surgery Residency Program
Authors: Oberoi Kurun P. S. , Caine Akia D. , Schwartzman Jacob , Livingston David H. , Merchant Aziz M. , Kunac Anastasia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background The acquisition of operative skills is the critical defining component of general surgery training. Performing simulated tasks has been shown to increase a resident's technical skills. As such, we devised the Surgical Skills Olympiad, an annual simulation-based skills competition. We examined our 4-year experience with the Olympiad at a large academic general surgery residency program.
Objective This study aimed to use competition to motivate trainees to increase the time they spent practicing basic surgical skills, resulting in improved performance over time.
Methods Teams were formed from members of each postgraduate year (PGY) class. Competition tasks were level specific: knot tying for PGY-1, basic laparoscopy for PGY-2, handsewn bowel anastomosis for PGY-3, vascular anastomosis for PGY-4, and advanced laparoscopy for PGY-5. Task scores over a 4-year period (2014–2017) were analyzed and a survey of participating teaching faculty was conducted.
Results Ten faculty members responded to the survey, for a response rate of 63%. A total of 50% respondents felt that the caliber of surgical skills increased since the Olympiad was implemented. Ninety percent agreed that the Olympiad was beneficial for residents to assess their skills against their peers. Over 4 years, there was an improvement in scores for suturing task, advanced laparoscopy, and bowel anastomosis (p < 0.05 for all three).
Conclusion A residency-wide surgical skills competition can improve resident performance in technical tasks and promote faculty engagement in resident skills training.
1.1.1 General Principles of Metal/Metal Dual Catalysis
Authors: Nakao Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe background and principles of dual metal/metal catalysis are briefly introduced in this section, with a particular focus on novel C–C bond-forming cross-coupling-type reactions. By taking advantage of synergistic dual metal/metal catalysis, these transformations have provided the synthetic and organometallic communities with new ideas to design challenging transformations that are difficult to catalyze using a conventional, single metal catalyst.
Faraday cup sizing for electric propulsion ion beam study: Case of a field-emission-electric propulsion thruster
Authors: Hugonnaud V. , Mazouffre S. , Krejci D. 
Published: August 2021

This article provides information about the sizing and standardization of a Faraday cup (FC) used as a plasma diagnostic. This instrument is used to accurately map the ion beam profile produced by an electric propulsion (EP) device. A FC is a cylindrical probe that uses an electrode, termed collector, to measure the current. Several studies have shown the relevance of adding an extra electrode, called collimator, to define the collection area and to minimize interactions with the ambient plasma. Both the electrodes are encapsulated into an isolated metallic housing that prevents ambient plasma from disturbing the measurements. In this case study, a field-emission-electric propulsion (FEEP) thruster is used. The FEEP technology uses electrostatic fields to extract liquid metal (indium) ions from a sharp surface and accelerates them to high velocities, providing thrust. The FEEP model used in this study is the ENPULSION NANO thruster from the Austrian company Enpulsion. We present results focusing on the sizing of a FC in terms of cup length, aperture diameter, and collection solid angle as well as on the material exposure to the ion beam. For a far-field ion beam study of a FEEP indium based electric thruster, our study outcomes show that a FC optimum sizing is a 50 mm long collector cup and a 7 mm wide inlet aperture. Moreover, shielding the repeller/collimator from direct exposure to the ion beam seems to greatly minimize perturbation during ion current acquisition. Finally, to only measure the ion current, a negative potential should be applied to the collector and repeller, where the latter is more negative. This study contributes to the effort on diagnostic standardization for EP device characterization. The goal is to enable repetitive and reliable determination of thruster parameters and performances.
Interaction between decision-making and interoceptive representations of bodily arousal in frontal cortex
Authors: Fujimoto Atsushi , Murray Elisabeth A. , Rudebeck Peter H. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
How bodily arousal states influence decision-making has been a central question in psychology, but the neural mechanisms are unclear. We recorded heart rate (HR), a measure of bodily arousal, while simultaneously monitoring neural activity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) of macaques making reward-guided decisions. In intact macaques, higher HR was associated with shorter reaction times. Concurrently, the activity of a set of neurons in OFC and dACC selectively encoded HR. Following amygdala lesions, HR generally increased, and now the relationship between HR and reaction times was altered. At the neural level, the balance of encoding in dACC shifted toward signaling HR, suggesting a specific mechanism through which bodily arousal influences decision-making.
Highly motile nanoscale magnetic artificial cilia
Authors: Islam Tanveer ul , Bellouard Yves , den Toonder Jaap M. J. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Cilia are hair-like microscopic structures present abundantly in our body and producing motions at the smallest scales. They perform a wide range of critical functions and are crucial for the normal functioning of our body. Abnormal functioning of cilia results in a number of diseases jointly known as ciliopathies. Artificially mimicking cilia is aimed at understanding their normal/abnormal functionality and at developing cilia-inspired micro-/nanoengineering devices. In this study, we present a magnetic polymer preparation process yielding a material with optimum properties and a cilia fabrication method producing the smallest highly motile artificial cilia with sizes equal to their biological counterparts. This opens avenues for biological studies and for creating submicrometer manipulation and control.
Synchrony and diachrony of postverbal negation in Jodï-Sáliban
Authors: Rosés Labrada Jorge Emilio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a detailed comparative treatment of negation in the Jodï-Sáliban language family (Venezuela-Colombia, Northwest Amazonia, South America), which consists of four languages: Jodï [yau], Sáliba [slc], Piaroa [pid] and Mako [wpc]. This comparative analysis of negation strategies across the four languages in the family not only offers an overview of negation strategies in this language family but also allows for conclusions to be drawn on the cognacy of the different constructions and markers as well as on the sources of the main negation strategies. Specifically, I show that, even though certain markers are not cognate, negation in these languages has – as far back as the documentation goes – always been postverbal and suggest that postverbal negation can be diachronically stable. This research thus offers an in-depth analysis of negation in Jodï-Sáliban, a language family that remains underdescribed, and, crucially, contributes to our understanding of postverbal negation and its sources.
A sustainable way of agricultural livelihood: edible bird’s nests in Indonesia
Authors: Ito Yutaka , Matsumoto Ken’ichi , Usup Aswin , Yamamoto Yuki 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Edible birds’ nests (EBNs) have traditionally been produced in Southeast Asia. Indonesian farmers construct buildings for swiftlets and harvest their nests. EBN farming does not directly degrade forest resources and is therefore considered a sustainable means of production, whereas the expansion of other agricultural activities often relies on the degradation of natural resources. This study examines the relationship between natural resources and agricultural livelihoods, focusing on Indonesian EBN farmers. Using survey data that we collected in 2017, combined with satellite information on the extent of the forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, we measured production efficiency and identified the natural and social factors that enhance production performance. The results show that a forest extent ranging between 2,000 and 6,000 meters from nesting building is positively associated with the production efficiency of EBN farming, perhaps because extensive forest could help swiftlets to collect food and build nests. Conversely, while EBN farming is a sustainable and profitable option, the initial costs of constructing buildings to house swiftlets may deter farmers from participating in the process.
The heat equation for nanoconstrictions in 2D materials with Joule self-heating
Authors: Ward Oliver M G , McCann Edward 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We consider the heat equation for monolayer two-dimensional materials in the presence of heat flow into a substrate and Joule heating due to electrical current. We compare devices including a nanowire of constant width and a bow tie (or wedge) constriction of varying width, and we derive approximate one-dimensional heat equations for them; a bow tie constriction is described by the modified Bessel equation of zero order. We compare steady state analytic solutions of the approximate equations with numerical results obtained by a finite element method solution of the two-dimensional equation. Using these solutions, we describe the role of thermal conductivity, thermal boundary resistance with the substrate and device geometry. The temperature in a device at fixed potential difference will remain finite as the width shrinks, but will diverge for fixed current, logarithmically with width for the bow tie as compared to an inverse square dependence in a nanowire.
Partial structural order of gel-forming material detected as multimodal subdiffusion by logarithmic measure
Authors: Shimizu Yugo , Hanasaki Itsuo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fibrous nanomaterials suspended in liquid form gel structures when the binding sites between the components reach sufficient number densities. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are one of such nanomaterials, and transparent papers are fabricated by drying their aqueous dispersions. It is therefore important to characterize the wet state, but the specific fluorescent marker molecules are not available for arbitrary CNFs. We report an approach based on the single particle tracking of Brownian probe particles. We focus on the nonuniformity in the Brownian motion to detect the partial structural order between sol and gel, which is nontrivial to characterize. The simple logarithmic measure of diffusive behavior reveals the multimodal nature of Brownian motion depending on the CNF concentration. The subdiffusive behavior by the overall mean squared displacements alone does not tell whether it is caused by confinement in the local environment by CNFs, or binding to single CNFs possibly diffusing in the dispersion. However, the particle-size dependence clarifies that it is not caused by binding but the confinement effect. Furthermore, the logarithmic measure approach enables the detection of overlapping distributions through their heads rather than tails. The detection of partial structural order by rheological non-uniformity of the system with a simple approach will contribute to the further understanding of gel forming materials in general.
First principles studies of the electronic and structural properties of the rutile VO2(110) surface and its oxygen-rich terminations
Authors: Planer J , Mittendorfer F , Redinger J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a density functional theory (DFT) study of the structural and electronic properties of the bare metallic rutile VO2 (110) surface and its oxygen-rich terminations. Due to the polyvalent nature of vanadium and abundance of oxide phases, the modelling of this material on the DFT level remains a challenging task. We discuss the performance of various DFT functionals, including PBE, PBE + U (U = 2 eV), SCAN and SCAN + rVV functionals with non-magnetic and ferromagnetic spin ordering, and show that the calculated phase stabilities depend on the chosen functional. We predict the presence of a ring-like termination that is electronically and structurally related to an insulating V2O5 (001) monolayer and shows a higher stability than pure oxygen adsorption phases. Our results show that employing the spin-polarized SCAN functional offers a good compromise, as it offers both a reasonable description of the structural and electronic properties of the rutile VO2 bulk phase and the enthalpy of formation for oxygen rich vanadium phases present at the surface.
The impact of training sample size on deep learning-based organ auto-segmentation for head-and-neck patients
Authors: Fang Yingtao , Wang Jiazhou , Ou Xiaomin , Ying Hongmei , Hu Chaosu , Zhang Zhen , Hu Weigang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To investigate the impact of training sample size on the performance of deep learning-based organ auto-segmentation for head-and-neck cancer patients, a total of 1160 patients with head-and-neck cancer who received radiotherapy were enrolled in this study. Patient planning CT images and regions of interest (ROIs) delineation, including the brainstem, spinal cord, eyes, lenses, optic nerves, temporal lobes, parotids, larynx and body, were collected. An evaluation dataset with 200 patients were randomly selected and combined with Dice similarity index to evaluate the model performances. Eleven training datasets with different sample sizes were randomly selected from the remaining 960 patients to form auto-segmentation models. All models used the same data augmentation methods, network structures and training hyperparameters. A performance estimation model of the training sample size based on the inverse power law function was established. Different performance change patterns were found for different organs. Six organs had the best performance with 800 training samples and others achieved their best performance with 600 training samples or 400 samples. The benefit of increasing the size of the training dataset gradually decreased. Compared to the best performance, optic nerves and lenses reached 95% of their best effect at 200, and the other organs reached 95% of their best effect at 40. For the fitting effect of the inverse power law function, the fitted root mean square errors of all ROIs were less than 0.03 (left eye: 0.024, others: <0.01), and the R square of all ROIs except for the body was greater than 0.5. The sample size has a significant impact on the performance of deep learning-based auto-segmentation. The relationship between sample size and performance depends on the inherent characteristics of the organ. In some cases, relatively small samples can achieve satisfactory performance.
Rise and fall of laser-intensity effects in spectrally resolved Compton process
Authors: Acosta U Hernandez , Titov A I , Kämpfer B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The laser intensity dependence of nonlinear Compton scattering is discussed in some detail. For sufficiently hard photons with energy ω′, the spectrally resolved differential cross section dσ/dω′|
ω′=const, rises from small toward larger laser intensity parameter ξ, reaches a maximum, and falls toward the asymptotic strong-field region. Such a rise and fall of a differential observable is to be contrasted with the monotonously increasing laser intensity dependence of the total probability, which is governed by the soft spectral part. We combine that hard-photon yield from Compton scattering with the seeded Breit–Wheeler pair production in a folding model and obtain a rapidly increasing e
+
e
− pair number at ξ ≲ 4. Laser bandwidth effects are quantified in the weak-field limit of the related trident pair production.
Study on a novel vertical enhancement-mode Ga
2
O
3
MOSFET with FINFET structure
Authors: Guo Liangliang , Zhang Yuming , Luan Suzhen , Qiao Rundi , Jia Renxu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A novel enhanced mode (E-mode) Ga2O3 metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with vertical FINFET structure is proposed and the characteristics of that device are numerically investigated. It is found that the concentration of the source region and the width coupled with the height of the channel mainly effect the on-state characteristics. The metal material of the gate, the oxide material, the oxide thickness, and the epitaxial layer concentration strongly affect the threshold voltage and the output currents. Enabling an E-mode MOSFET device requires a large work function gate metal and an oxide with large dielectric constant. When the output current density of the device increases, the source concentration, the thickness of the epitaxial layer, and the total width of the device need to be expanded. The threshold voltage decreases with the increase of the width of the channel area under the same gate voltage. It is indicated that a set of optimal parameters of a practical vertical enhancement-mode Ga2O3 MOSFET requires the epitaxial layer concentration, the channel height of the device, the thickness of the source region, and the oxide thickness of the device should be less than 5 × 1016 cm−3, less than 1.5 μm, between 0.1 μm − − 0.3 μm and less than 0.08 μm, respectively.
30 glitches in 18 radio pulsars
Authors: Liu Hong-Yi , Zhou Shi-Qi , Zhang Yu-Qi , Feng Zhong-Wen , Zhou Xia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pulsar timing is a classic technology of detecting irregularities in pulsar rotation. We carried out this method for 18 young radio pulsars, with long-term timing observations obtained between 2007 and 2015 using the Parkes 64-m radio telescope. As a result, 30 glitches were identified, ranging from 0.75 × 10−9 to 8.6 × 10−6 in the relative glitch sizes Δν/ν, where ν = 1/P is the pulse frequency. These glitches are composed of 26 new glitches and four published glitches with new exponential recoveries. All pulsars exhibit normal glitches, and six pulsars were observed to undergo a glitch event for the first time. We discuss the properties and implications for neutron-star physics of these glitches, and show that they are in agreement with previous work, except that the cumulative probability distributions of the mean waiting times for PSRs J0537–6910, J1341–6220 and J1740–3015 are not in consonance with the Poisson model.
Exploring the characteristics of the flare from PMN J0218–2307 by Fermi-LAT
Authors: Xiang Yun-Chuan , Xin Yu-Liang , Yuan Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PMN J0218–2307 (4FGL J0218.9–2305) is classified as a blazar candidate with unknown type (BCU) in the fourth source catalog from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT). With the updated Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data, the γ-ray flaring activity toward PMN J0218–2307 is detected. The test statistic (TS) value of PMN J0218–2307 in energy band of 100 MeV–500 GeV is 133.893 with a significance level of 10.96σ. The maximum-likelihood photon flux is (8.131 ± 1.359) × 10−9 ph cm−2 s−1. A significant γ-ray flare in the period from 2008 August 4 to 2019 August 25 is found from the source. The spectral characteristics of GeV energy band of PMN J0218–2307 is similar to that of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in the local Universe.
A preliminary study on photogrammetry for the FAST main reflector measurement
Authors: Li Wei-Min , Zhou Liu-Jian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) is the largest single-dish radio telescope in the world. In this paper, we apply photogrammetry to measure local area surface accuracy of the FAST main reflector. Contrast with the existing photogrammetric methods that need to stick the cooperation target on the panel. In this paper, we directly detect nodes according to their natural feature. Analyzing the FAST reflector composition, we propose a two-step Hough transform method for node detection. Due to the high similarity of the neighboring area around nodes, it is hard to match two images by the feature matching method. Therefore, we apply the nodes combination approach to obtain the homography matrix between two photos for nodes matching. After nodes detection and matching, triangulation and bundle adjustment algorithms are adopted for 3D reconstruction. During the experiment, the adjusted node position deform a local area of the FAST main reflector into a spherical cap with a radius of 300 m. The experimental result shows that the measurement accuracy of the sphere with a radius of 300 m is 12.299 mm, indicating that it is feasible to apply photogrammetry for the FAST main reflector measurement.
Research on actuator distribution and panels for a radio telescope
Authors: Wang Jin-Qing , Sun Zheng-Xiong , Fu Li , Li Jin-Ling , Yu Lin-Feng , Jiang Yong-Chen , Jiang Yong-Bin , Gou Wei , Hu Wei , Zhao Rong-Bin , Liu Qin-Hui , Shen Zhi-Qiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Trying to achieve the best surface accuracy control with the fewest actuators, this article mainly studies the distribution of actuators and the method of panel design. The influence of the number of faulty actuators on the accuracy of the surface shape is demonstrated. In addition, the method incorporating a triangular panel, node index and the fitting solution method of a single panel is also given. This method provides a reference for the design and realization of an active surface or a deformable sub-reflector for high performance large aperture radio telescopes.