bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt–magma interactions influence intrusion distribution and salt tectonics in the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil
Authors: Magee Craig , Pichel Leonardo M. , Madden‐Nadeau Amber L. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Mohriak Webster 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany sedimentary basins host thick evaporite (salt) deposits. Some of these basins also host extensive igneous intrusion networks. It thus seems inevitable that, in some locations, magma will interact with salt. Yet how interaction between these materials may influence salt tectonics or magma emplacement, particularly at the basin‐scale, remains poorly understood. We use 3D seismic reflection data from the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil to image 38 igneous intrusions spatially related to thick Aptian salt. Based on identified seismic–stratigraphic relationships, we suggest sill emplacement likely occurred during the late Albian‐to‐Santonian. We show intra‐salt sills are geometrically similar to but laterally offset from supra‐salt sills. We suggest ascending magma was arrested by the salt in some areas, but not others, perhaps due to differences in evaporite lithology. Our mapping also reveals most sills occur within and above the presalt Merluza Graben, an area characterized by Albian‐to‐Neogene, salt‐detached extension. In adjacent areas, where there are few intrusions, salt deformation was driven by post‐Santonian diapir rise. We suggest emplacement of hot magma within evaporites above the Merluza Graben enhanced Albian‐to‐Santonian salt movement, but that crystallization of the intrusion network restricted post‐Santonian diapirism. Our work indicates salt–magma interaction can influence salt tectonics, as well as the distribution of magma plumbing systems, and thus could impact basin evolution.
VEGFR2 blockade augments the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors by inhibiting angiogenesis and oncogenic signaling in oncogene‐driven non‐small‐cell lung cancers
Authors: Watanabe Hiromi , Ichihara Eiki , Kayatani Hiroe , Makimoto Go , Ninomiya Kiichiro , Nishii Kazuya , Higo Hisao , Ando Chihiro , Okawa Sachi , Nakasuka Takamasa , Kano Hirohisa , Hara Naofumi , Hirabae Atsuko , Kato Yuka , Ninomiya Takashi , Kubo Toshio , Rai Kammei , Ohashi Kadoaki , Hotta Katsuyuki , Tabata Masahiro , Maeda Yoshinobu , Kiura Katsuyuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMolecular agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐ or c‐ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) alterations have revolutionized the treatment of oncogene‐driven non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the emergence of acquired resistance remains a significant challenge, limiting the wider clinical success of these molecular targeted therapies. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of various molecular targeted agents, including erlotinib, alectinib, and crizotinib, combined with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 therapy. The combination of VEGFR2 blockade with molecular targeted agents enhanced the anti‐tumor effects of these agents in xenograft mouse models of EGFR‐, ALK‐, or ROS1‐altered NSCLC. The numbers of CD31‐positive blood vessels were significantly lower in the tumors of mice treated with an anti‐VEGFR2 antibody combined with molecular targeted agents compared with in those of mice treated with molecular targeted agents alone, implying the antiangiogenic effects of VEGFR2 blockade. Additionally, the combination therapies exerted more potent antiproliferative effects in vitro in EGFR‐, ALK‐, or ROS1‐altered NSCLC cells, implying that VEGFR2 inhibition also has direct anti‐tumor effects on cancer cells. Furthermore, VEGFR2 expression was induced following exposure to molecular targeted agents, implying the importance of VEGFR2 signaling in NSCLC patients undergoing molecular targeted therapy. In conclusion, VEGFR2 inhibition enhanced the anti‐tumor effects of molecular targeted agents in various oncogene‐driven NSCLC models, not only by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis but also by exerting direct antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. Hence, combination therapy with anti‐VEGFR2 antibodies and molecular targeted agents could serve as a promising treatment strategy for oncogene‐driven NSCLC.
Capturing Environmental Dimensions of Adversity and Resources in the Context of Poverty Across Infancy Through Early Adolescence: A Moderated Nonlinear Factor Model
Authors: DeJoseph Meriah L. , Sifre Robin D. , Raver C. Cybele , Blair Clancy B. , Berry Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Income, education, and cumulative‐risk indices likely obscure meaningful heterogeneity in the mechanisms through which poverty impacts child outcomes. This study draws from contemporary theory to specify multiple dimensions of poverty‐related adversity and resources, with the aim of better capturing these nuances. Using data from the Family Life Project (N = 1,292), we leveraged moderated nonlinear factor analysis (Bauer, 2017) to establish group‐ and longitudinally invariant environmental measures from infancy to early adolescence. Results indicated three latent factors—material deprivation, psychosocial threat, and sociocognitive resources—were distinct from each other and from family income. Each was largely invariant across site, racial group, and development and showed convergent and discriminant relations with age‐twelve criterion measures. Implications for ensuring socioculturally valid measurements of poverty are discussed.
Family ‘turning point’ experiences and the process of youth becoming homeless
Authors: Mayock Paula , Parker Sarah , Murphy Andrew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe role of family environments, where conflict—ranging from disagreements between young people and their parent(s) or carers to home‐based circumstances where violence and/or abuse is present—is well documented in research that has examined the causes and correlates of youth homelessness. However, far less attention has focused on how young people themselves frame and understand the significance of family ruptures. This paper examines the family ‘turning point’ experiences embedded in the life stories of homeless youth. The study, which was biographical and longitudinal, aimed to generate an in‐depth understanding of the nature of homelessness, how it emerged and its impacts on the lives of young people. Conducted in Ireland, 40 youth aged 16–24 years were recruited at baseline, with all interviews commencing with an invitation to young people to tell their ‘life story’. Analysis of participants' life story narratives revealed three major family turning point experiences associated withparental absence and separation,bereavementandacute interruptions to family life. These turning points, the effects of which had a temporal character, reveal the rippling impact of family ruptures on the lives of young people who embarked on a path of leaving home and becoming homeless. The implications of the findings for enhancing engagement with the families of young people who experience homelessness are discussed.
The performativity of surveys: Teenagers’ meaning‐making of the 'Health Behavior in School‐aged Children Survey' in Sweden
Authors: Wickström Anette , Zeiler Kristin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Health Behaviour in School‐Aged Children survey contains scales intended to measure life satisfaction, mental health problems and socioeconomic status. This article takes inspiration from science and technology studies and analyse the survey as performative. It also examines subjective meaning‐making through an analysis of interviews with 15‐year‐old teenagers. It shows how the survey enacts the subject position of an accountable teenager and how teenagers experience the survey as sending a message about how one should live. While some teenagers experience this as positive, others narrate feelings of shame. This could be interpreted as a way for them to be accountable for themselves.
Emotion as a source of moral understanding in conservation
Authors: Batavia Chelsea , Nelson Michael Paul , Bruskotter Jeremy T. , Jones Megan S. , Yanco Esty , Ramp Daniel , Bekoff Marc , Wallach Arian D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent debates around the meaning and implications of compassionate conservation suggest that some conservationists consider emotion a false and misleading basis for moral judgment and decision making. We trace these beliefs to a long‐standing, gendered sociocultural convention and argue that the disparagement of emotion as a source of moral understanding is both empirically and morally problematic. According to the current scientific and philosophical understanding, reason and emotion are better understood as partners, rather than opposites. Nonetheless, the two have historically been seen as separate, with reason elevated in association with masculinity and emotion (especially nurturing emotion) dismissed or delegitimated in association with femininity. These associations can be situated in a broader, dualistic, and hierarchical logic used to maintain power for a dominant male (White, able‐bodied, upper class, heterosexual) human class. We argue that emotion should be affirmed by conservationists for the novel and essential insights it contributes to conservation ethics. We consider the specific example of compassion and characterize it as an emotional experience of interdependence and shared vulnerability. This experience highlights conservationists’ responsibilities to individual beings, enhancing established and widely accepted beliefs that conservationists have a duty to protect populations, species, and ecosystems (or biodiversity). We argue compassion, thus understood, should be embraced as a core virtue of conservation.
Invader–pollinator paradox: Invasive goldenrods benefit from large size pollinators
Authors: Moroń Dawid , Marjańska Emilia , Skórka Piotr , Lenda Magdalena , Woyciechowski Michał 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimMutualistic interactions between alien plants and native pollinators are needed to enable plant invasions. Although the increasing abundance of invasive plants in a habitat causes a dramatic decline of native pollinators, pollination services received by invaders are often sustained. This invader–pollinator paradox might be attributed to differences in pollination effectiveness and varying vulnerability to invasion among pollinators with different life history traits. In an experimental study, we explored the relationships between pollinator body size, pollination effectiveness and abundance of invasive species.LocationKraków area, Poland.MethodsWe placed a pair of potted invasive goldenrods (Solidago gigantea) at 25 sites differing in goldenrod abundance (cover: 0%–100%). Floral visitation rate of the potted goldenrods, as well as seed set and viability, was noted.ResultsSpecies richness of pollinators visiting inflorescences decreased with the increase of the goldenrod cover, whereas the floral visitation rate remained unchanged. However, the seed set was positively related to the goldenrod cover. Body size of floral visitors was structured along with the goldenrod cover so that pollinators' size increased with the cover. Also, the seed set of the potted plants, as well as goldenrod seed viability, depended positively on the body size of visiting pollinators.Main conclusionsInvasive goldenrods did not suffer from pollinator shortage and ineffective pollination, especially in habitats densely covered by the invader, due to the presence of large‐bodied pollinators. Our study highlights that pollination and reproduction of invasive plants might be sustained through ecological filtering, affecting the composition of pollinators with traits increasing pollination effectiveness.
A role of Hey2 transcription factor for right ventricle development through regulation of Tbx2‐Mycn pathway during cardiac morphogenesis
Authors: Seya Daiki , Ihara Dai , Shirai Manabu , Kawamura Teruhisa , Watanabe Yusuke , Nakagawa Osamu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor Hey2 is expressed in the ventricular myocardium and endocardium of mouse embryos, and Hey2 null mice die perinatally showing ventricular septal defect, dysplastic tricuspid valve and hypoplastic right ventricle. In order to understand region‐specific roles of Hey2 during cardiac morphogenesis, we generated Hey2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice using Mef2c‐AHF‐Cre, which was active in the anterior part of the second heart field and the right ventricle and outflow tract of the heart. Hey2 cKO neonates reproduced three anomalies commonly observed in Hey2 null mice. An earliest morphological defect was the lack of right ventricular extension along the apico‐basal axis at midgestational stages. Underdevelopment of the right ventricle was present in all cKO neonates including those without apparent atresia of right‐sided atrioventricular connection. RNA sequencing analysis of cKO embryos identified that the gene expression of a non‐chamber T‐box factor Tbx2 was ectopically induced in the chamber myocardium of the right ventricle. Consistently, mRNA expression of the Mycn transcription factor, which was a cell cycle regulator transcriptionally repressed by Tbx2, was down regulated, and the number of S‐phase cells was significantly decreased in the right ventricle of cKO heart. These results suggest that Hey2 plays an important role in right ventricle development during cardiac morphogenesis, at least in part, through mitigating Tbx2‐dependent inhibition of Mycn expression.
Heads up! Variation in the vigilance of foraging chipmunks in response to experimental manipulation of perceived risk
Authors: McWaters Shannon R. , Pangle Wiline M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVigilance is a behavior in which an organism is gaining information about its environment, often used for predator detection. Vigilance is influenced by the risk that an organism perceives. Animals may vary their use of vigilance behaviors by modifying not only the percent time they dedicate to vigilance, but also the duration of vigilance bouts, rate of vigilance bouts, and type of vigilance posture. Assuming these different vigilance tactics come at different costs to the individual, different sources of perceived risk should elicit specific vigilance strategies. Here, we experimentally altered the sight lines of foraging Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus). We carried out our field work in three locations in Michigan that vary from low (an island site) to high predator pressure. Our results show that chipmunks respond to changes in their immediate microhabitat by altering the rate of vigilance, regardless of predator density. On the other hand, chipmunks at sites with lower predator densities spend less time vigilant when compared to sites with higher predator densities and they utilize vigilance postures that decrease vigilance but do not completely halt feeding. Further research should aim to quantify costs and benefits of vigilance postures and strategies to further our understanding of how individuals balance the trade‐off between mortality and energy gain.
Standing genetic variation in laboratory populations of insecticide‐susceptible Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) for the evolution of resistance
Authors: Denlinger David S. , Hudson Spencer B. , Keweshan Nadya S. , Gompert Zachariah , Bernhardt Scott A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInsecticides can exert strong selection on insect pest species, including those that vector diseases, and have led to rapid evolution of resistance. Despite such rapid evolution, relatively little is known about standing genetic variation for resistance in insecticide‐susceptible populations of many species. To help fill this knowledge gap, we generated genotyping‐by‐sequencing data from insecticide‐susceptible Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies that survived or died from a sub‐diagnostic exposure to either permethrin or malathion using a modified version of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassay. Multi‐locus genome‐wide association mapping methods were used to quantify standing genetic variation for insecticide resistance in these populations and to identify specific alleles associated with insecticide survival. For each insecticide treatment, we estimated the proportion of the variation in survival explained by the genetic data (i.e., “chip” heritability) and the number and contribution of individual loci with measurable effects. For all treatments, survival to an insecticide exposure was heritable with a polygenic architecture. Both P. papatasi and L. longipalpis had alleles for survival that resided within many genes throughout their genomes. The implications for resistance conferred by many alleles, as well as inferences made about the utility of laboratory insecticide resistance association studies compared to field observations, are discussed.
Expression of a constitutively active p38α mutant in mice causes early death, anemia, and accumulation of immunosuppressive cells
Authors: Darlyuk‐Saadon Ilona , Heng Chew Kiat Matthew , Bai Chen , Gilad Nechama , Yu Wei‐Ping , Meng Huang Mok Michelle , Wong W.S. Fred , Engelberg David 
Published: January 2021

The MAP kinase p38α is associated with numerous processes in eukaryotes, and its elevated activity is a prominent feature of inflammatory diseases, allergies, and aging. Since p38α is a nodal component of a complex signaling network, it is difficult to reveal exactly how p38α contributes to disparate outcomes. Identification of p38α ‐specific effects requires activation of p38α per se in vivo. We generated a transgenic mouse model that meets this requirement by allowing inducible and reversible expression of an intrinsically active p38α molecule (p38αD176A+F327S). p38α's activation across all murine tissues resulted in a significant loss of body weight and death of about 40% of the mice within 17 weeks of activation, although most tissues were unaffected. Flow cytometric analysis of the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid detected an accumulation of ‘debris’ within the airways, suggesting impaired clearance. It also revealed increased numbers of alternatively activated alveolar macrophages and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells within the lung, pointing at suppression and resolution of inflammation. Blood count suggested that mice expressing p38αD176A+F327S suffer from hemolytic anemia. Flow cytometry of bone marrow revealed a reduced number of hematopoietic stem cells and abnormalities in the erythroid lineage. Unexpectedly, p38α's substrate MAPKAPK2, mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐activated protein kinase 2 was downregulated in mice expressing p38αD176A+F327S, suggesting that constitutive activity of p38α may impose pathological phenotypes by downregulating downstream components, perhaps via a feedback inhibition mechanism. In summary, this new mouse model shows that induced p38α activity per se is hazardous to mouse vitality and welfare, although pathological parameters are apparent only in blood count, bone marrow, and lungs.
Surface roughness of acrylic resins used for denture base after chemical disinfection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Costa Rayanna Thayse Florêncio , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza , Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito , Gomes Jéssica Marcela Luna , Lemos Cleidiel Aparecido Araújo , de Moraes Sandra Lúcia Dantas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically review the literature regarding the surface roughness of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for denture bases, disinfected with different chemical agents and analyse the outcomes of the included studies.BackgroundVarious chemical disinfection protocols to clean the removable dental prosthesis are reported in the literature, however systematic reviews analysing the outcomes in the surface roughness of the PMMA are lacking.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was used to structure this systematic review. The inclusion criteria were as follows: clinical trials, in vitro studies, studies in English and studies comparing the effects of chemical disinfection products on the surface roughness of PMMA. An electronic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science.; we also conducted a manual search for articles published in specific journals of dental prostheses and dental materials.ResultsThirteen in vitro studies in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. According to the meta‐analysis, the effects of 0.5% (P = .32; MD: 0.06; CI: −0.05 to 0.17; heterogeneity: P < .00001; I2 = 92%) and 1% NaOCl solutions (P = .27; MD: 0.01; CI: −0.01. to 0.03; heterogeneity: P = .03; I2 = 55%) did not statistically differ between the groups studied. Effects of alkaline peroxide were statistically significant (P = .0009; MD: 0.01; CI: 0.01‐0.02; heterogeneity: P = .004; I2 = 65%), suggesting that it promotes deterioration of the PMMA surface.ConclusionThe alkaline peroxide, when used as a disinfectant, generated changes on the surface roughness of PMMA and should be used with caution; however, NaOCl, even at different concentrations, caused fewer changes on the surface of the denture base.
Purification of stevia extract by chitosan precipitation and reversed‐phase chromatography
Authors: Zhang Menglei , Hua Xiao , Liu Yaxian , Wang Zijie , Wang Mingming , Yang Ruijin 
Published: January 2021

SummaryTo improve the shortness of the current purification technology of steviol glycosides (SG) extract, a two‐step purification procedure consisting of chitosan precipitation and reversed‐phase chromatography (RPC) was investigated. The impurity‐to‐SG ratio in the SG extract obtained from non‐destructive soaking was 5:1 ~ 6:1. It was found that 80.90% of the impurities could be removed by RPC using 20% (v/v) ethanol solution as the eluent with a high SG recovery of 96.98%. When 25% ethanol was applied, the SG recovery was reduced to 71.23%. An adsorption test using D280 anionic resin suggested that the impurities were negatively charged; thus, chitosan was used to co‐precipitate the impurities. An optimal decolourisation result of ~ 70% was obtained at 0.06 g·g−1 (w/w, to solids in extract) chitosan addition, shaking at 28 °C for 1 h. Afterwards, the extract was further purified by RPC. The total removal rate of impurities was increased to 91.20%, and the SG recovery was 85.15%.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the inhibition of reproduction in rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, after silencing the gene of MagR (IscA1)
Authors: Liu X. , Chen G. , He J. , Wan G. , Shen D. , Xia A. , Chen F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMagR (IscA1) is a member of the iron–sulphur cluster assembly proteins, which plays vital roles in many physiological processes, such as energy metabolism, electron transfer, iron homeostasis, heme biosynthesis and physiologically magnetic response. Its deletion leads to the loss of mitochondrial DNA, inactivation of iron–sulphur proteins and abnormal embryonic development in organisms. However, the physiological roles of MagR in insects are unclear. This study characterized the effects and molecular regulatory mechanism of MagR gene silencing on the reproduction of brachypterous female adults of Nilaparvata lugens. After silencing the MagR gene using RNAi approach, the duration of reproductive period was shortened and the fecundity and hatchability reduced significantly. A total of 479 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for female adults after 2 days of dsRNA injection through RNA‐sequencing technology, including 352 significantly upregulated DEGs and 127 significantly downregulated DEGs, among which 44 DEGs were considered the key genes involved in the effects of NlMagR silencing on the reproduction, revealing the regulatory mechanism of MagR at RNA transcription level and providing a new strategy for the control of N. lugens.