bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unplanned readmission for older persons: A concept analysis
Authors: Coatsworth‐Puspoky Robin , Duggleby Wendy , Dahlke Sherry , Hunter Kathleen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe purpose of this concept analysis is to define and analyse the concept of unplanned readmission to hospital for older persons.DesignReview the literature and analyse the concept of unplanned readmission.MethodGuided by Walker and Avant's eight‐stage method of concept analysis, four databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and Embase) were searched between 1946 and 2020 for empirical studies focused on older persons with multiple chronic conditions, experiences or perspectives and unplanned readmission. A total of 34 articles (10 quantitative, 17 qualitative, three mixed methods), one concept analysis and three historical articles were included.ResultsAn unplanned readmission is an experience, process and event. The proposed definition of unplanned readmission is an older person's need for acute care treatment for an urgent or emergent health crisis that has occurred after a previous hospitalization(s). Unplanned readmission is characterized by the attributes of older persons’ previous hospitalization(s), the urgent or emergent nature of the older persons’ health and the older persons’ need for acute care hospital services to resolve their health crisis.ConclusionUnplanned readmission is a complex concept that is different from planned and emergency visits/admissions and readiness for discharge. These findings provide a link for understanding unplanned readmission as a consequence of discharge readiness. Analysing this concept supports the need for older persons to seek unplanned readmission for acute care treatment of urgent and emergent health crisis, reduces the blame that older persons may feel from questions related to preventability, and stresses the need to include older persons’ experiences in the development and expansion of nursing theory, interventions and current understandings of unplanned readmission.
Association of urinary vanin‐1 with kidney function decline in hypertensive patients
Authors: Hosohata Keiko , Matsuoka Hiroyuki , Kumagai Etsuko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPreviously, the authors reported the utility of urinary vanin‐1 as an early biomarker of kidney injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats and in humans. However, little is known about whether urinary vanin‐1 can be used to predict the clinical outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of urinary vanin‐1 based on kidney function decline in hypertensive patients. The authors measured urinary vanin‐1 in 147 patients at the baseline and examined its association with the incidence of ≥20% decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Cox regression analysis. The mean age of the patients averaged 72.9 ± 8.2 years, and 39% were women. Median (interquartile range) urinary vanin‐1 was 0.33 (0–2.6) ng/mg Cr During a median follow‐up of 12 months, 14 patients showed kidney function decline. A higher urinary vanin‐1 level was associated with an increased risk of kidney function decline (hazard ratio, 9.87; 95% CI, 1.11–87.5) (p = .04) in the fully adjusted model. In conclusion, urinary vanin‐1 is an independent risk factor for kidney function decline in hypertensive patients and it could be useful in clinical settings. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms warrant additional investigation.
Cigarette smoking status alters dysbiotic gut microbes in hypertensive patients
Authors: Wang Pan , Dong Ying , Jiao Jie , Zuo Kun , Han Chunming , Zhao Lei , Ding Shu , Yang Xinchun , Chen Mulei , Li Jing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSmoking not only is one of the most important risk factors of hypertension (HTN), but also alters the composition of gut microbiota (GM) in previous studies. Although dysbiosis of GM has been implicated in HTN, how GM alters in patients with HTN under smoking status is still not clear. This study aimed to explore the difference in intestinal microflora among smokers with HTN (S‐HTN), nonsmokers with HTN (NS‐HTN), and smokers without HTN (S‐CTR) and identify whether cigarette smoking led to disordered intestinal microbiota in patients with HTN. Metagenomic sequencing analysis of fecal specimens was conducted in nonsmokers without HTN (NS‐CTR, n = 9), S‐CTR (n = 9), NS‐HTN (n = 18), and S‐HTN (n = 23). Compared with S‐CTR or NS‐HTN, the GM in S‐HTN was disordered, with lower microbial α‐diversity and significant difference of β‐diversity on axes as compared to S‐CTR at genus and species level. The microbial enterotype in S‐HTN was inclined to Prevotella‐dominant type. Dramatic changes in the intestinal genera and species composition were observed in S‐HTN, including reduced enrichment of Phycisphaera and Clostridium asparagiforme. Moreover, the intestinal function altered in S‐HTN. Therefore, the findings of the present study revealed GM disorders in S‐HTN and clarified the role of smoking in impairing the intestinal microbiome in HTN. Tobacco control is particularly important for improving GM in patients with HTN, and might be beneficial in preventing future cardiovascular events.
Williams syndrome transcription factor promotes proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Dongyuan , Ren Chenchen , Yang Li , Li Feiyan , Yang Xin , Zheng Yating , Ji Xiaoying , Tian Yue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the expression of Williams Syndrome transcription factor (WSTF) in cervical cancer (CC) tissues and cells, the effect on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and the molecular mechanism of WSTF in CC cells to find a new biomarker.Materials and MethodsThe expression of WSTF in tissues was detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and/or immunohistochemistry. Human CC cell lines and human normal cervical epithelial cell lines were detected by RT‐qPCR. Lentivirus‐mediated gene transfected in Siha/CaSki cells. The transfection efficiency of lentivirus was observed by a fluorescence microscope, RT‐qPCR, and western blot. After transfection, the proliferation of Siha/CaSki cells was detected by CCK‐8 assay and colony formation assay. The migration and invasion of Siha/CaSki cells were detected by transwell assay and wound healing assay. Western blot assay were used to detect the expression of WSTF and PI3K/Akt‐related proteins in Siha/CaSki cells.ResultsThe expression of WSTF in CC tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues (p < 0.05). The expression of WSTF in CC cells was higher than that in normal cervical epithelial cells (p < 0.01). Downregulation of WSTF expression could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells (p < 0.01). WSTF overexpression activates PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (p < 0.01).ConclusionWSTF is highly expressed in CC tissues and cells, and downregulation of WSTF can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CC cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. WSTF is a very promising new biomarker for CC.
Trueness of Intaglio Surface of Milled Digital Dentures Designed from Intraoral Scans
Authors: Lo Russo Lucio , Troiano Giuseppe , Santarelli Andrea , Salamini Angelo , Gallo Crescenzio , Guida Laura 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo asses trueness of the intaglio surface of milled dentures fabricated according to a fully digital protocol starting from intraoral scans in a clinical study by means of 3‐dimensional (3D) digital analysis.Materials and MethodsTen maxillary and 10 mandibular dentures, designed from intraoral scans and milled in‐house, were studied. Intraoral scans were compared with the scans of intaglio surface of milled dentures. To this end, they were aligned, trimmed and used in a metrology software to measure their mean 3D distance, absolute mean deviation, and other parameters. Measured differences for all parameters were statistically investigated. Subgroup analysis for the maxillary and mandibular dentures was performed using independent samples t‐test or, in case of non‐normal distribution, by means of Mann‐Whitney test.ResultsUsing a mean of 24.9 ±2.8 measurement points/mm2, a mean 3D distance of 0.0006 ±0.007 mm between intraoral scans and the scans of the intaglio surface of milled dentures was measured. The corresponding absolute mean deviation was 0.055 ±0.032 for maxillary dentures and 0.061 ±0.016 for mandibular dentures; such a difference between arches was statistically significant (p = 0.035).ConclusionsMilled dentures fabricated using a fully digital protocol and intraoral scans have accurate intaglio surfaces. It is reasonable to assume that they may achieve an adequate fit.
Evaluating the Effect of Listeners' Response on Speakers' Later Recollection and Impression of the Story
Authors: Salus Sanae , Kita Tomoya , Aoyama Yuki , Sugimori Eriko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate a listener's role in a speaker's later recollection and impression of the story through a story‐retelling method. Two experiments were conducted, and listener responses were manipulated in each experiment in different ways. Experiment 1 examined the effect of a listener's attitude toward story retelling, and Experiment 2 studied the effect of a listener's subtle nonverbal reaction to a specific part of the story's retelling on a speaker's later recollection and impression of that story. Results showed that the listener's verbal empathetic attitude encouraged more word utterances from the speaker, changed the narrative content more positively, and reinforced the speaker's recollection, especially with positive ideas. It also amplified the speaker's emotions more than the non‐empathetic attitude (Experiment 1). However, the listener's nonverbal reaction to the specific part of the speaker's story did not appear to have a direct effect upon later recollection nor on the impression of the story (Experiment 2).
Access and returns to unpaid graduate work experience
Authors: Holford Angus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe use longitudinal data on graduates from UK universities to evaluate whether unpaid work experience is a stepping stone into paid or stable employment. We document the characteristics and occupations of recent graduates taking unpaid work experience and then use propensity score matching to estimate the treatment effect of unpaid work experience on outcomes 3.5 years after graduation. We find negative treatment effects compared with initially being in paid work, on annual salary (£2900), job security and attainment of a professional occupation (both 9% pts). We find no evidence of a benefit to salary or job attributes compared with initially being out of the labour force.
Magnetic resonance imaging markers for multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Cao Guanmei , Xu Siyao , Xu Xiaolu , Zhuo Zhizheng , Duan Yunyun , Liu Yaou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are two common inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. It is clinically crucial to differentiate these two diseases since they have distinct treatment strategy and prognosis. MRI has an increasingly important role in the differential diagnosis of NMOSD from MS. Conventional MRI is sensitive and its objective is to demonstrate the lesion characteristics, including lesion number, size, and distribution, while the advanced MRI can offer the structural, functional, and other microscopic information. We herein review the current advances in the understanding of MRI study of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve in MS and NMOSD.
The disassembly of lipid droplets in Chlamydomonas
Authors: Li‐Beisson Yonghua , Kong Fantao , Wang Pengfei , Lee Youngsook , Kang Byung‐Ho 
Published: May 2021

SummaryLipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous and specialized organelles in eukaryotic cells. Consisting of a triacylglycerol core surrounded by a monolayer of membrane lipids, LDs are decorated with proteins and have myriad functions, from carbon/energy storage to membrane lipid remodeling and signal transduction. The biogenesis and turnover of LDs are therefore tightly coordinated with cellular metabolic needs in a fluctuating environment. Lipid droplet turnover requires remodeling of the protein coat, lipolysis, autophagy and fatty acid β‐oxidation. Several key components of these processes have been identified in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), including the major lipid droplet protein, a CXC‐domain containing regulatory protein, the phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding DTH1 (DELAYED IN TAG HYDROLYSIS1), two lipases and two enzymes involved in fatty acid β‐oxidation. Here, we review LD turnover and discuss its physiological significance in Chlamydomonas, a major model green microalga in research on algal oil.
Comparisons draw us close: The influence of leader‐member exchange dyadic comparison on coworker exchange
Authors: Tang Yipeng , Lam Catherine K. , Ouyang Kan , Huang Xu , Tse Herman H. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMembers compare their differential leader‐member exchanges (LMXs) to understand the triadic relationship (Member A, Member B, and their common leader); this will affect how members interact. Prior research based on balance theory assumes that the two members have a consensus on the structure of the triadic relationship, to argue that when Member A perceives their LMX to be lower than that of Member B, such an LMX imbalance would drive Member A to interact negatively with Member B. Comparison of LMX, however, reflects one's subjective perception, which may not be shared by the other. Therefore, we draw on social comparison theory to examine both members’ comparisons of LMX simultaneously and suggest that when they both perceive the other's LMX as better than their own, they may engage more in affiliative behaviors and develop a higher‐quality coworker exchange (CWX). The results of two studies consistently supported these hypotheses. This research extends our understanding of LMX in triadic relations and demonstrates that mismatched perceptions of LMX dyadic comparison between two members (i.e., both perceive an LMX imbalance) could motivate members to develop a positive relationship.
GWAS with a PCA uncovers candidate genes for accumulations of microelements in maize seedlings
Authors: Ma Langlang , Qing Chunyan , Zhang Minyan , Zou Chaoying , Pan Guangtang , Shen Yaou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicroelements are necessary for plant growth and development, they control key processes of physiological metabolism. Herein, we evaluated three accumulation‐related performances for each of the four microelements (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) among 305 inbred maize lines. Quantification of these microelements in maize roots and shoots revealed abundant phenotypic variations in the association panel, with the variation coefficients ranging from 0.31 to 0.76. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the three related traits (concentration in root, concentration in shoot, and transport coefficient) showed that PC1 and PC2 explained >95% of phenotypic variations for each element. The scores of PC1 and PC2 were thereby used for a genome‐wide association study by combining 44,134 SNPs of this panel. A total of 27, 1, 5, and 3 SNPs were significantly (P < .05) associated with Zn‐PC1, Zn‐PC2, Cu‐PC1, and Mn‐PC2, respectively, with 11 genes closely linked (r2 > 0.8) to these SNPs. Of them, GRMZM2G142870, GRMZM2G045531, and GRMZM2G143512 were individually annotated as ABC transporter C family member 14, zinc transporter 3, and heavy metal ATPase10. A candidate gene association analysis further verified that GRMZM2G142870 and GRMZM2G045531 affect Zn and Mn accumulations, respectively. Evaluation of contrasting allele ratios in elite lines indicated that the majority of the alleles correlating with higher Zn or Cu had not been utilized in maize breeding. Integration of more “higher‐accumulation” alleles in the elite lines will be practical for improving Zn and Cu accumulations in maize. Our findings contribute to genetic revelation and molecular marker‐assisted selection of microelement accumulations in maize.
Machine learning for predicting preoperative red blood cell demand
Authors: Feng Yannan , Xu Zhenhua , Sun Xiaolin , Wang Deqing , Yu Yang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe paucity of accurate quantitative standards for determining the quantity of red blood cells (RBCs) needed for perioperative patients and the predominant application of the “preoperative hemoglobin + surgery type” empirical decision‐making model have led to widespread RBC application problems.ObjectiveThe mathematical model of preoperative variables constructed by machine learning (ML) methods can help doctors decide preoperative RBC applications.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 130 996 records of patients who received surgery in our hospital from January 2011 to June 2017. Through the analysis of multiple preoperative parameters that may affect the RBC transfusion volume, we used ML algorithms to build up the artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict the accurate RBC demand quantity and compared each result with those predicted by clinicians.ResultsAmong the seven ML algorithms, the light gradient boosting machine (Lightgbm) algorithm was the best. The AI model predicted whether the patients needed RBC transfusion, and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.908 (95% CI 0.907–0.913). The AI model was more accurate than doctors in predicting RBC of 0, 2, and 4 units (85% data), with RMSEs of 1.61 vs. 2.15, 1.06 vs. 1.21, and 1.46 vs. 1.68, respectively. However, the AI model was not better than doctors in 1, 3, 5–6, 7–8, and 9–10 units (15% data), with RMSEs of 0.92 vs. 0.89, 0.92 vs. 0.89, 2.73 vs. 1.94, 4.53 vs. 3.92, and 6.26 vs. 5.08, respectively.ConclusionThrough the comparison of seven ML methods, the Lightgbm algorithm‐based model is more accurate than clinician experience‐based in predicting preoperative RBC transfusion, which reduces the risk of untimely blood supply caused by insufficient preoperative blood preparation, and reduces the unnecessary cost of blood compatibility testing caused by excessive preoperative blood preparation.
Sin Nombre virus prevalence from 2014–2017 in wild deer mice,Peromyscus maniculatus, on five of the California Channel Islands
Authors: Orrock John L. , Connolly Brian M. , Guiden Peter W. , Chandler Jennifer L. , Bron Gebbiena M. , Drost Charles A. , Garcelon David K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSin Nombre virus (SNV) is a zoonotic virus that is highly pathogenic to humans. The deer mouse,Peromyscus maniculatus, is the primary host of SNV, and SNV prevalence inP. maniculatusis an important indicator of human disease risk. Because the California Channel Islands contain permanent human settlements, receive hundreds of thousands of visitors each year, and can have extremely high densities ofP. maniculatus, surveillance for SNV in islandP. maniculatusis important for understanding the human risk of zoonotic disease. Despite the importance of surveillance on these heavily utilized islands, SNV prevalence (i.e. the proportion ofP. maniculatusthat test positive to antibodies to SNV) has not been examined in the last 13–27 years. We present data on 1,610 mice sampled for four consecutive years (2014–2017) on five of the California Channel Islands: East Anacapa, Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, San Nicolas, and San Clemente. Despite historical data indicating SNV‐positive mice on San Clemente and Santa Catalina, we detected no SNV‐positive mice on these islands, suggesting very low prevalence or possible loss of SNV. Islands historically free of SNV (East Anacapa, Santa Barbara, and San Nicolas) remained free of SNV, suggesting that rates of pathogen introduction from other islands and/or the mainland are low. Although continued surveillance is warranted to determine whether SNV establishes on these islands, our work helps inform current human disease risk in these locations and suggests that SNV prevalence on these islands is currently very low.
Development and evaluation of a training programme on asset-based community development aimed at general practice trainees: protocol for a mixed-method multilevel and multicentric action research study
Authors: Calderón-Larrañaga Sara , Valls-Pérez Blanca , Cardo-Miota Adrián , Botello Blanca , Lafuente Nieves , Hernán Mariano 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionAsset-based community development (ABCD) is a strategy aimed at strengthening communities of interest through the identification and enhancement of those protective resources (also called ‘health assets’) that contribute to improve population health. Although primary care is specially well placed to contribute to ABCD by facilitating patients’ access to community health assets, the implementation of ABCD approaches is limited, in part due to training deficiencies amongst general practitioners. In this study, we will develop a training programme on ABCD aimed at general practice trainees and evaluate its implementation and scale-up in Andalusia, Spain. We will also investigate whether the programme may contribute to strengthen the community orientation of the primary care practices involved in the study.Methods and analysisWe will undertake a mixed methods, multilevel and multicentric action research study drawing on theoretical frameworks relevant to learning (pedagogy) and community health promotion. The intervention will be implemented and evaluated in eight different study areas over 48 months. It will comprise a classroom-based session and a practical exercise, which will involve general practice trainees producing a map of community health assets relevant to common health conditions. In each study area, we will set up a stakeholder group to guide our study. We will run the intervention sequentially across the eight study areas, and modify and refine it iteratively by incorporating the findings from the evaluation. We will employ qualitative (interviews and focus groups with general practice trainees, primary care workers, members of the teaching units and policymakers) and quantitative methods (self-administered questionnaires with an approximate sample of 157 general practice trainees and 502 primary care workers).Ethics and disseminationEthics approval from the Andalusian Regional Health Council has been granted (6/2020). It is envisaged that this research will provide relevant, evidence-based guidance on how best to incorporate learning on ABCD into the general practice training curriculum. Findings will be disseminated in an ongoing manner and will target the following audiences: (1) general practice trainees, primary care workers and members of the teaching units, (2) policymakers and strategic decision makers and (3) the academic community.