bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stroke in adults with primary intracranial tumours
Authors: Innes Stuart C. , Yin Lucia , Finnerty Gerald T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
We investigated stroke in patients with either benign or malignant primary intracranial tumours to give insights into how malignant and non-malignant intracranial tumours affect stroke and to provide evidence for stroke guidelines for these patients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with benign or malignant primary intracranial tumours admitted with stroke (2011–2022) to a single centre with regional stroke and neuro-oncology units. Data collected included: stroke aetiology, stroke timing relative to tumour diagnosis, pre-stroke disability, post-stroke disability, stroke recurrence and treatment.

Results
We identified 258 patients who had an index stroke (120 haemorrhagic, 135 ischaemic, three coincident haemorrhagic/ischaemic) at or after the diagnosis of their primary intracranial tumour (71% benign, 29% malignant). Stroke incidence spiked at tumour diagnosis and subsequent months. Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage was more commonly associated with malignant primary intracranial tumours. In-hospital mortality and level of disability at hospital discharge (median modified Rankin scale score, 4) were similar for patients with benign or malignant primary intracranial tumours. Stroke recurrence was 22% at one year. Statins were associated with reduced stroke recurrence (HR = 0.35 [95% CI 0.13–0.96]). The probability of patients with malignant tumours receiving chemotherapy was inversely related to disability at hospital discharge (ratio OR per unit increase modified Rankin scale = 0.65 [95% CI 0.42–0.96]).

Conclusion
Stroke has wider consequences for patients with primary intracranial tumours than commonly recognised. Our data indicated that statins may help to prevent stroke recurrence. Despite concerns about intracranial haemorrhage, antiplatelet agents should be considered after ischaemic stroke.
Uniqueness and mixing properties of Doeblin measures
Authors: Berger Noam , Conache Diana , Johansson Anders , Öberg Anders 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper we solve two open problems in ergodic theory. We prove first that if a Doeblin function g (a g-function) satisfies

$$\begin{aligned} \limsup _{n\rightarrow \infty }\frac{\operatorname {var}_n \log g}{n^{-1/2}} < 2, \end{aligned}$$

lim sup

n
→
∞

var
n

log
g

n

-
1
/
2

<
2
,

then we have a unique Doeblin measure (g-measure). This result indicates a possible phase transition in analogy with the long-range Ising model. Secondly, we provide an example of a Doeblin function with a unique Doeblin measure that is not weakly mixing, which implies that the sequence of iterates of the transfer operator does not converge, solving a well-known folklore problem in ergodic theory. Previously it was only known that uniqueness does not imply the Bernoulli property.
Renormalized energy between fractional vortices with topologically induced free discontinuities on 2-dimensional Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Badal Rufat , Cicalese Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
On a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold without boundary we consider the variational limit of a family of functionals given by the sum of two terms: a Ginzburg–Landau and a perimeter term. Our scaling allows low-energy states to be described by an order parameter which can have finitely many point singularities (vortex-like defects) of (possibly) fractional-degree connected by line discontinuities (string defects) of finite length. Our main result is a compactness and

$$\Gamma $$

Γ

-convergence theorem which shows how the coarse grained limit energy depends on the geometry of the manifold in driving the interaction between vortices and string defects.
Finite-time blow-up in fully parabolic quasilinear Keller–Segel systems with supercritical exponents
Authors: Cao Xinru , Fuest Mario 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We examine the possibility of finite-time blow-up of solutions to the fully parabolic quasilinear Keller–Segel model in a ball

$$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n$$

Ω
⊂

R

n

with

$$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

. Previous results show that unbounded solutions exist for all

$$m, q \in \mathbb {R}$$

m
,
q
∈
R

with

$$m-q<\frac{n-2}{n}$$

m
-
q
<

n
-
2

n

, which, however, are necessarily global in time if

$$q \le 0$$

q
≤
0

. It is expected that finite-time blow-up is possible whenever

$$q > 0$$

q
>
0

but in the fully parabolic setting this has so far only been shown when

$$\max \{m, q\} \ge 1$$

max
{
m
,
q
}
≥
1

. In the present paper, we substantially extend these findings. Our main results for the two- and three-dimensional settings state that (

$$\star $$

⋆

) admits solutions blowing up in finite time if

$$\begin{aligned} m-q<\frac{n-2}{n} \quad \text {and} \quad {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} q< 2m & \text {if } n = 2, \\ q < 2m - \frac{2}{3} \text { or } m > \frac{2}{3} & \text {if } n = 3, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

m
-
q
<

n
-
2

n

and

q
<
2
m

if

n
=
2
,

q
<
2
m
-

2
3

or

m
>

2
3

if

n
=
3
,

that is, also for certain m, q with

$$\max \{m, q\} < 1$$

max
{
m
,
q
}
<
1

. As a key new ingredient in our proof, we make use of (singular) pointwise upper estimates for u.
Lobectomy for primary lung cancer: a comparison of perioperative and postoperative outcomes between robot-assisted thoracic surgery and video-assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: Ueno Harushi , Imamura Yoshito , Okado Shoji , Nomata Yuji , Watanabe Hiroki , Kawasumi Yuta , Nakanishi Keita , Kadomatsu Yuka , Kato Taketo , Nakamura Shota , Mizuno Tetsuya , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study compared the peri- and postoperative outcomes of robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for primary lung cancer.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent RATS or VATS at Nagoya University Hospital between April 2018 and March 2022. Propensity score matching was used to balance patient characteristics between the two groups. The following long-term outcomes were assessed: the 3-year overall survival (OS), causes of death, 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence patterns. Various peri- and postoperative outcomes were examined as short-term outcomes.

Results
After propensity score-matching, 137 patients were included in each group. RATS was associated with a longer operative time (median 180 vs. 144 min, p < 0.001), less blood loss (median 5 vs. 12 ml, p = 0.005), and a lower rate of conversion to open thoracotomy (1 [0.7%] vs. 10 [7.4%], p = 0.010) than VATS. The 3-year OS and DFS were comparable between the groups.

Conclusion
In lobectomy for lung cancer, RATS demonstrated long-term outcomes that were comparable to those of VATS. Although RATS has a longer operative time, it is associated with less blood loss and a lower conversion rate to open thoracotomy than VATS, suggesting that it is a beneficial surgical approach for patients.
Unusual delayed and prolonged arm weakness and atrophy following botulinum toxin injection for musician’s cramp: case report
Authors: Karp Barbara I. , Alter Katharine , Lehky Tanya , Hallett Mark 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Botulinum toxin is considered first-line treatment for focal hand dystonia in musicians. Mild, temporary weakness is a common accompaniment of effective injection. We present a unique case of delayed-onset, severe, prolonged weakness and atrophy in a patient with musician’s dystonia, successfully treated with botulinum toxin for over 10 years, following injection of his usual muscles at his well-established dose. This pianist received botulinum toxin treatment for more than 10 years, with a stable response. Six weeks after an injection, he developed progressive severe weakness and atrophy of the affected forearm involving both injected and uninjected muscles. Weakness and atrophy took over one year without further injections to resolve. The clinical course and laboratory testing were not suggestive of brachial neuritis, plexopathy, or neuralgic amyotrophy. The literature contains rare case reports of severe weakness and atrophy after botulinum toxin injection, sometimes with delayed onset and sometimes affecting distant muscles. Frequently presenting with pain, such cases often have evidence of plexopathy or neuralgic amyotrophy which were absent in our patient. Clinicians should be aware of this rare potential severe adverse event associated with botulinum toxin.
Implementation of isotropic hyperelastic material models: a »template« approach
Authors: Eisenträger S. , Maurer L. , Juhre D. , Altenbach H. , Eisenträger J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The implementation of new constitutive models in existing finite element software is often complicated and daunting. It requires in-depth knowledge of different disciplines such as mathematics (tensor calculus), computer science (advanced knowledge of different programming languages: , , , , etc., data structures, and software architecture), and continuum mechanics. Therefore, the process of implementing new material models is a rather complex task, best left to specialists in the field of computational material science. This, however, constitutes a severe roadblock for scientific progress as experts developing novel numerical algorithms might lack knowledge in at least one of the mentioned areas. Hence, the overarching goal of this paper is to provide a cookbook-type recipe for implementing hyperelastic material models in finite element software. The process of implementing a hyperelastic model is broken down into small steps such that only a good understanding of calculus of univariate functions (chain rule, product rule, etc.) is required. Without loss of generality, we limit our presentation to material models implemented in . The general methodology is, however, easily applicable also to any other programming language of choice. To facilitate the adoption of our approach, the implementation of several constitutive laws is showcased, including established models such as the 2-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model and the Arruda-Boyce (8-chain) model and more exotic ones such as the 4-parameter model and the Knowles model. Listings of all necessary files are provided throughout the paper, which can be easily adapted for other models and additionally an https://bitbucket.org/ifmedevs/hyper-mat/src/main/repository can be accessed.
Accessibility of Australian government online cancer screening information for people with intellectual disability
Authors: Barrington Maryann , Fisher Karen R. , Harris-Roxas Ben , Spooner Catherine , Trollor Julian N. , Weise Janelle 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
Public health campaigns, including Australian cancer screening programs, are increasingly promoted online through government websites. The accessibility of these initiatives for people with intellectual disability is unknown. However, a lack of accessible information about available services is an important barrier to cancer screening for this group. This study aimed to investigate the accessibility of online information for cancer screening programs.

Subject and methods
Australian government health websites promoting the national breast, bowel, and cervical screening programs were identified and web pages were evaluated for their compliance with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0, cognitive accessibility guidelines, readability recommendations, and where relevant, compliance with Easy Read guidelines.

Results
The most common accessibility errors included low-contrast colors, missing alternative text, broken links, and excessive content. Readability was a consistent issue, with most materials written at levels considered too high for both people with intellectual disability and the general population. The limited number of documents that were readily available in Easy Read did not follow guidelines.

Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that government public health initiatives currently fail to meet the communication and information needs of people with intellectual disability. This places the population at risk of continued under-screening and fails to uphold their right to information about their healthcare. The creation and dissemination of accessible materials should be a priority for governments and health services.
The Moderating Role of Intrinsic and Quest Religiosity on the Effectiveness of Religious Appeals in Promoting Cultured Meat
Authors: Arli Denni , Arango Luis , Septianto Felix 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In response to the environmental impacts of agricultural food production, alternative food sources have been developed over the past few decades. One of the latest innovations is ‘cultured meat.’ Despite offering an alternative to raising animals for meat, the idea of lab-grown meat has received a mixed response from religious consumers. Thus, the present research investigates the effect of using religious appeals in advertising on consumers’ intention to purchase cultured meat. The authors propose that consumers’ religiosity (intrinsic and quest religiosity) moderates their green identity, which subsequently affects their intentions to purchase cultured meat. The results of two experimental studies show that at low levels of quest religiosity, a religious (vs. non-religious) appeal led to higher intentions to purchase cultured meat among participants with high (but not low) levels of intrinsic religiosity. The findings of this research have implications for religious leaders, ethicists, and policymakers when dealing with the commercialization of cultured meat.
The opportunity for partner industry knowledge sharing within audit offices and audit quality
Authors: Michas Paul N. , Russomanno Dan , Zhao Meiling 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We conjecture that a greater opportunity for audit partners to share personal industry knowledge with each other within audit offices is associated with higher audit quality. Using Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) Form AP data, we analyze each partner’s client portfolio and construct sharing measures. First, we find extant measures of an audit office’s industry market share, industry portfolio share, and industry diversity are quite noisy in inferring our sharing measures. Next, we perform multivariate analyses and find negative associations between the opportunity to share industry knowledge and both restatements and absolute abnormal accruals. Further, we find this association varies cross-sectionally with other important auditor and client characteristics. Taken together, our evidence is consistent with a positive association between the opportunity for partners to share their industry knowledge with each other and audit quality.
Viral sepsis – pathophysiology and disease manifestation
Authors: G Gürtler Lutz , Schramm Wolfgang , Seitz Rainer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Viral infection is found in approximately 30% of all sepsis cases and may be followed by bacterial infection in organs such as the lungs. Sepsis manifests as fever, hemorrhagic lesions and cell death. Organ dysfunction caused by sepsis, such as meningitis and encephalitis, can lead to organ damage. Sepsis is induced by various viral components, host cells and cellular mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. Cytokines are secreted from stimulated macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes.
Further contributors to sepsis are the cleavage products after activation of the complement cascade with anaphylatoxin generation and peptides of the activated clotting cascade, thrombocytopenia and thrombocyte function alteration, intravasal clotting and/or endothelial leakage. The cells involved in viral sepsis are neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells and thrombocytes, and finally, endothelial cells and epithelial cells.
Prolonged cytokine release leads to cell damage, immune cell dysfunction and exhaustion, and either impairs or hyperactivates immune cells. The course of viral sepsis may be enhanced by some patient conditions including age, underlying diseases such as diabetes, obesity; and immunodeficiency. Viral sepsis, similar to bacterial sepsis, is an extremely complex disorder, and the involvement of the abovementioned cellular and humoral components can present quite divergent biological and clinical patterns.
Examples of viral sepsis discussed in the manuscript include three viruses causing Dengue fever – an emerging infection, COVID-19 – a disease with a prolonged course, Ebola disease – a disease with typically complete viral clearance, while rabies virus – induces a disease that causes coma and death before signs of viral sepsis are apparent.
A Scoping Survey of ChatGPT in Mathematics Education
Authors: Pepin Birgit , Buchholtz Nils , Salinas-Hernández Ulises 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents a scoping survey examining the integration of ChatGPT in mathematics education, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and implications for teaching and learning. The survey identifies key themes, including ChatGPT’s ability to assist in understanding mathematical concepts, lesson planning, assessment design, personalized learning, and fostering collaboration. While the tool demonstrates potential in enhancing self-regulated learning, providing real-time feedback, and supporting critical thinking, challenges such as its occasional inaccuracies, ethical concerns, and the risk of over-reliance on AI are also noted. The review emphasizes the importance of human oversight and ethical considerations in leveraging ChatGPT for inclusive and dynamic mathematics education. It concludes that, with thoughtful integration, ChatGPT can serve as a transformative resource, fostering both individualized and collaborative learning experiences while reshaping the learner–tool relationship in educational contexts.
Effectiveness of Prewetted Fibres and Aggregates in Mitigating the Autogenous Shrinkage of High-Strength Concrete at an Early Age
Authors: Saje Drago 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, the influences of prewetted polypropylene fibres (PFs), basalt fibres (BFs), cellulose fibres (CFs), prewetted natural lightweight tuff aggregates (LTAs), artificial lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LECAs), and recycled brick aggregates (RBAs) on the early autogenous shrinkage and compressive strength of high-strength concrete (HSC) were investigated. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant difference between the reference concrete and some of the investigated concretes with prewetted materials. Among the prewetted fibres, PFs reduced autogenous shrinkage by 70% after one day and maintained the compressive strength at 96% after 28 days. Among the porous prewetted aggregates, LECAs (0–2 mm) were the most effective, reducing autogenous shrinkage by 97% and maintaining compressive strength at 107%.
Hybrid near-infrared-activated luminescent gold nanoparticle platform for efficient cancer therapy
Authors: Yan Feihong , Li Ruiyuan , Liu Jiaxin , Yang Lulu , Liu Helin , Zhu Shengcang , Zhang Yuhui , Wang Lijun , Huang Lu , Wang Yu , Qin Yaqiang , Zhang Yuhang , Wang Xin , Wang Yuan , Zhang Jianping , Sha Yinlin , Fu Limin , Liu Zhiyong , Han Rongcheng , Jiang Yuqiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The development of a multifunctional therapy nanoplatform is of crucial importance to tackle the complex challenges associated with cancer. Despite significant advancements in tumor treatment, the efficacy of these traditional approaches remains insufficient. Recurrence and metastasis following tumor treatment continue to represent a significant contributor to tumor-related mortality. This paper presents an improved, facile, and relatively green fabrication of (5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio) acetic acid (TMT)-coated luminescent gold nanoparticles (L-AuNP@TMT), which exhibit highly membrane-targeting capacity and superior photodynamic properties. Furthermore, in vivo tumor-bearing mouse model experiments indicated that the L-AuNP@TMT could be used as a two-photon excited nanomedicine via pyroptosis-mediated anti-tumor immunity for effectively eliminating colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common malignancy and the second deadliest cancer, without evident toxic side effects or tumor metastasis/recurrence. According to its facile and green fabrication approach, near-infrared light-activatable highly efficient photodynamic cancer therapy, and noninvasive imaging mode, this multifunctional nanoplatform offers significant advantages over traditional monotherapy techniques, providing an alternative for the precise clinical treatment of cancer.
Whole maize flour could enhance food and nutrition security in Malawi
Authors: Nakoma Ngoma Theresa , Taleon Victor , Mvumi Brighton M. , Gama Aggrey P. , Palacios-Rojas Natalia , Matumba Limbikani 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Maize is the staple cereal in Malawi, with a daily per capita consumption of 383 g (dry matter basis), primarily consumed in the form of nsima, a thick porridge. We combined a milling experiment with focus group discussions (FGDs) to provide insights into mass and nutrient losses during maize grain dehulling and maize flour consumption patterns in rural Malawi. Milling batches (30 kg) of four maize grain varieties were dehulled at three abrasive disk dehullers under controlled conditions. The impact of maize variety and dehuller design on mass and nutrient losses during dehulling was statistically significant (p < 0.05), with a mean mass loss of 28.1 ± 5.7%, and nutrient losses of 9.8 ± 1.9% for protein, 61.7 ± 2.0% for zinc, and 47.7 ± 3.6% for iron. Six FGDs conducted in rural areas of Lilongwe District revealed a preference for refined flour due to convenience and cultural norms, despite the nutritional benefits of whole grain flour, which was recognized for its ability to provide satiety, particularly during periods of maize scarcity. Participants also highlighted switching between flour types based on seasonal maize availability, social stigma associated with whole grain flour, and awareness of nutrient losses during dehulling. Given Malawi’s precarious food insecurity situation, transitioning from dehulled maize flour nsima to whole maize flour or less refined nsima, is imperative. Our study findings can have food and nutritional savings for other southern Africa countries where the dehulling is a common practice.
Acoustic characterization of internal leakage in safety valves based on large eddy simulation and Möhring acoustic analogy
Authors: Zhang Yanbing , Xu Zhongyuan , Sun Zhitao , Chen Ying , Zhang Cheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Safety valves are important overpressure protection devices in nuclear power regulators and main steam systems, and internal leakage is one of the most common forms of failure. The LES/Möhring acoustic analog method is used to study the acoustic mechanism of internal leakage in safety valves. The simulation results show that the internal leakage from the safety valve is a highly under-expanded supersonic restricted jet process accompanied by high-pressure blockage injection noise and vortex noise, which exhibits broadband characteristics. The maximum velocity of the internal leakage increases slowly with inlet pressure, and the total sound pressure level also grows slowly, in accordance with the prediction of Lighthill's U8 law. The change rule of internal leakage noise sound pressure level with distance and the results of far-field directivity show that the measurement point is arranged within 0.3 m from the leakage port, and the low-frequency signal analysis of the measurement point with an angle of 114° is the best program. The results of the study can provide theoretical guidance for the safety valve detection method based on the internal leakage noise signal analysis.