bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avaliação clínica da reconstrução do bíceps braquial com enxerto de tríceps
Authors: Storti Thiago Medeiros , Dias Rafael Gomes , Dantas Gabriel Cesar Dias , Faria Rafael Salomon Silva , Simionatto João Eduardo , Paniago Alexandre Firmino 
Published: August 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliação clínica e funcional do tratamento cirúrgico da lesão crônica do bíceps braquial distal, por aplicação de técnica cirúrgica com enxerto de tendão do tríceps braquial distal.
Métodos Estudo baseado em revisão de prontuários e avaliação clínica de pacientes com lesão crônica da inserção distal do bíceps braquial submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico entre fevereiro de 2015 e fevereiro de 2017. Durante o acompanhamento pós-operatório mínimo de 12 meses, 7 pacientes foram avaliados quanto à amplitude de movimento dos cotovelos operado e não operado, à força de flexão, à extensão e supinação dos membros superiores, determinadas com dinamômetro digital, ao teste do gancho, ao índice de satisfação, e às escalas Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) e Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS).
Resultados À avaliação funcional pós-operatória, nenhum paciente relatou insatisfação com o aspecto estético das incisões; todos ficaram satisfeitos/muito satisfeitos com a amplitude de movimento e a força do membro operado. Complicações neurovasculares, infecção de sítio cirúrgico, ou ruptura de tendão não foram observadas. Nas escalas MEPS e DASH, todos os pacientes apresentaram pontuações iguais a 100 e 0, respectivamente. A flexão média foi de 133,5° no lado operado, contra 139,2° no lado não operado. A extensão média foi de 5° no lado operado, contra 0° no lado não operado. A supinação foi de 86,5° contra 90°, e a pronação foi de 80° contra 80°, ao se comparar os lados operado e não operado, respectivamente. As forças médias de flexão, extensão e supinação corresponderam, respectivamente, a 92,5%, 96,4%, e 86,8% das forças do membro não operado.
Conclusão A reconstrução do bíceps braquial distal com enxerto de tríceps parece ser uma opção eficaz e segura para o tratamento de lesões crônicas do bíceps distal.
Enxerto e transferência de nervo para melhora da flexão do cotovelo em crianças com paralisia obstétrica. Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Velásquez-Girón Eduardo , Zapata-Copete James A. 
Published: August 2021

ResumoA paralisia obstétrica do plexo braquial é uma lesão bastante comum em neonatos, sendo causada pela tração do plexo braquial durante o trabalho de parto. A presente revisão sistemática tem como objetivo explorar o uso de enxertos e transferências de nervo como procedimentos para melhora da flexão do cotovelo em crianças com paralisia obstétrica. A presente revisão sistemática seguiu as diretrizes Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA, na sigla em inglês) e foi baseada em pesquisa nos bancos de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Wholis e SCOPUS. De acordo com os critérios pré-determinados, os artigos incluídos eram ensaios clínicos, quase-experimentos, e estudos de coortes sobre enxertos e transferências de nervos em crianças (de até 3 anos de idade) com diagnóstico de paralisia obstétrica. A ferramenta de avaliação Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions foi usada em estudos não randomizados. Sete estudos utilizaram os dois procedimentos; três deles compararam os procedimentos de enxerto e transferência de nervo, enquanto os outros quatro os combinaram como método reconstrutivo em crianças com paralisia obstétrica. Segundo o sistema de classificação do Medical Research Council, os dois métodos melhoraram a flexão do cotovelo das crianças de maneira similar. De modo geral, nossos resultados mostraram que o enxerto de nervo e a transferência de nervo são opções igualmente boas para a reconstrução nervosa em casos de paralisia obstétrica. Mais estudos sobre as técnicas de reconstrução nervosa na paralisia obstétrica devem ser realizados, de preferência ensaios clínicos randomizados, para validação dos resultados dessa revisão sistemática.
Progressive Increase Trend in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Brazil
Authors: Pires Rafael Cardoso , Carvalho Raiany , Gama Ricardo Ribeiro , Carvalho André Lopes , Santos Carlos Roberto , Capuzzo Renato de Castro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction The prevalence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is rising in the whole world.Objective To access the prevalence and temporal trend of HPV infection in oropharyngeal cancer by analyzing the expression of the p16 protein.Methods We conducted a transversal study in a Brazilian reference oncology center. The sample consisted of 254 patients with OSCC. The analyzed period was from 2013 to 2017. All patients underwent p16 immunohistochemistry analysis.Results The overall prevalence of HPV-related OSCC was of 31.9%. During the analyzed period, we observed a trend of increasing rates of OSCC that marked positive for p16 immunohistochemistry. The annual prevalence of p16-positive cases was of 20.6% in 2013, 23.9% in 2014, 33.3% in 2015, 38.3% in 2016, and 34.2% in 2017. Most of the patients were stage III and IV (84%). Female patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003–5.888; p = 0.049) and younger patients (OR = 2.919; 95%CI: 1.682–5.067; p < 0.005) were associated with a higher risk of HPV-related OSCC. Tobacco consumption had a proportional lower risk of HPV-related OSCC (OR = 0.152; 95%CI: 0063–0.366; p < 0.005).Conclusion We observed an increasing prevalence of HPV-related OSCC in a specialized cancer hospital in Brazil.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Tinnitus Functional Index Questionnaire
Authors: Rosa Marine Raquel Diniz da , Doi Marcelo Yugi , Branco-Barreiro Fátima Cristina Alves , Simonetti Patricia , Oiticica Jeanne , Marchiori Luciana Lozza de Moraes 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Tinnitus affects a large portion of the world's population. There are several questionnaires being used for the evaluation of the severity of tinnitus and its impact in quality of life; however, they do not measure treatment-related changes. So, a new self-reported questionnaire was developed, the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), which has been translated into several languages.
Objective To perform the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the TFI questionnaire for Brazilian Portuguese.
Method This is a multicenter project divided into two stages: translation and cultural adaptation; and validation and reliability. For the validation, the Brazilian Portuguese version of the TFI was correlated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) domains for tinnitus and quality of life and was evaluated by the Spearman ρ test. The reliability and internal consistency were evaluated by the Cronbach α test.
Result The Brazilian version of the TFI was obtained through an initial translation process, synthesis of translations, backtranslation and evaluation by a committee of experts. This version was then applied in 88 patients complaining of tinnitus from speech therapy and otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinics of the three school clinics. The Brazilian version presented high reliability, as evidenced by the Cronbach α value (α = 0.870), and strong correlation (rho = 0.760 and p = 0.000).
Conclusion The high reliability found in the results demonstrates that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the TFI is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the severity and impact of tinnitus on quality of life and changes related to its treatment.
AXIN2-Associated Adenomatous Colorectal Polyposis
Authors: Alves Martins Bruno Augusto , Falluh Filho Reinaldo , Almeida Romulo Medeiros de , Sandoval Renata Lazari 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Most cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) occur sporadically; however, ∼ 3% to 6% of all CRCs are related to inherited syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and mutY DNA glycosylase (MUTYH) germline mutations are the main genetic causes related to colorectal polyposis. Nevertheless, in many cases mutations in these genes have not been identified. The aim of the present case report is to describe a rare case of genetic colorectal polyposis associated with the axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2) gene.
Case Report The first colonoscopy screening of a 61-year-old male patient with no known family history of CRC revealed ∼ 50 colorectal polyps. A histological evaluation of the resected polyps showed low-grade tubular adenomas. Germline genetic testing through a multigene panel for cancer predisposition syndromes revealed a pathogenic variant in the AXIN2 gene. In addition to colorectal polyposis, the patient had mild features of ectodermal dysplasia: hypodontia, scant body hair, and onychodystrophy.
Discussion The AXIN2 gene acts as a negative regulator of the Wnt/β -catenin signaling pathway, which participates in development processes and cellular homeostasis. Further studies are needed to support the surveillance recommendations for carriers of the AXIN2 pathogenic variant.
Involvement of Inflammation in Venous Thromboembolic Disease: An Update in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Poredos Peter , Poredos Pavel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe inflammatory process is strongly involved in the pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and has a significant role in disease prediction. Inflammation most probably represents a common denominator through which classical and nonclassical risk factors stimulate thrombotic process. Inflammation of the venous wall promotes the release of tissue factor, inhibits the release of anticoagulant factors, and hampers endogenous fibrinolysis. Systemic inflammatory response also inhibits restoration of blood flow in the occluded vessel. Recent studies indicate that increased inflammatory response (“cytokine storm”) is related to prothrombotic state and thromboembolic events in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The growing evidence of involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of VTE indicates the importance of anti-inflammatory treatment and prevention of VTE. While aspirin was shown to be effective in prevention of recurrent venous thrombosis after treatment with anticoagulant drugs, some other anti-inflammatory drugs like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents may have prothrombotic effect, thus potentially increasing the risk of VTE. Recently, new specific anti-inflammatory drug inhibitors of inflammatory markers that have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of VTE are being searched. As thrombogenesis is based on activation of coagulation provoked by inflammation, then prevention and treatment of VTE should include both anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory agents. Combined treatment is related to increased risk of bleeding complications, therefore subtherapeutic doses of both drugs should be used to improve the efficacy of management of VTE without increasing the risk of bleeding.
A molecular dynamics simulation of inhomogeneous silicon–germanium nucleation from supersaturated vapor mixtures
Authors: Wang Wen-Bo , Kambara Makoto 
Published: August 2021

The inhomogeneous nucleation of silicon–germanium (Si–Ge) systems from supersaturated vapor mixtures was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Isothermal simulation runs were performed using the Tersoff potential at various supersaturations and temperatures. We focused on the inhomogeneous dynamics, nucleation rate, and critical cluster size, as well as the effect of inhomogeneity on the quantitative results. The study showed that Si atoms nucleate much faster than Ge atoms. This may lead to the inhomogeneity and final production of Si-rich critical clusters. Such inhomogeneity may also stem from the different chemical properties of Si and Ge atoms. Under the tested conditions, the nucleation rates were within 1033–1036 J/m−3 s−1. They were influenced significantly by the supersaturation and slightly by the temperature. The critical size of 2.5–4.5 atoms was heavily dependent on both the supersaturation and temperature. Our results are generally consistent with those from other nucleating systems using the same method. The inhomogeneity of the Si–Ge system has no significant effect on the nucleation rate but may contribute to smaller critical cluster sizes at low temperatures.
Ferromagnetic insulating epitaxially strained La2NiMnO6 thin films grown by sputter deposition
Authors: De Luca G. , Spring J. , Bashir U. , Campanini M. , Totani R. , Dominguez C. , Zakharova A. , Döbeli M. , Greber T. , Rossell M. D. , Piamonteze C. , Gibert M. 
Published: August 2021

The field of oxide spintronics can strongly benefit from the establishment of ferromagnetic insulators with near room-temperature Curie temperature. Here, we investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of epitaxially strained thin films of the double perovskite La2NiMnO6 (LNMO) grown by off-axis radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. We find that the films retain insulating behavior and a bulk-like Curie temperature in the order of 280 K independently of the epitaxial strain conditions. These results suggest a prospective implementation of LNMO films in multi-layer device architectures where a high-temperature ferromagnetic insulating state is a prerequisite.
Reduced magnetocrystalline anisotropy of CoFe2O4 thin films studied by angle-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism
Authors: Nonaka Yosuke , Wakabayashi Yuki K. , Shibata Goro , Sakamoto Shoya , Ikeda Keisuke , Chi Zhendong , Wan Yuxuan , Suzuki Masahiro , Koide Tsuneharu , Tanaka Masaaki , Nakane Ryosho , Fujimori Atsushi 
Published: August 2021

Spinel-type CoFe2O4 is a ferrimagnetic insulator with the Néel temperature exceeding 790 K, and it shows strong cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) in bulk materials. However, when a CoFe2O4 film is grown on other materials, its magnetic properties are degraded so that so-called magnetically dead layers are expected to be formed in the interfacial region. We investigate how the magnetic anisotropy of CoFe2O4 is modified at the interface of CoFe2O4/Al2O3 bilayers grown on Si(111) using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. We find that the thinner CoFe2O4 films have significantly smaller MCA values than bulk materials. The reduction in MCA is explained by the reduced number of Co2+ ions at the Oh site, as reported by a previous study [Wakabayashi et al., Phys. Rev. B 96, 104410 (2017)].
Pair and harem formation, nest-building and courtship behaviour of the marine ornamental fish
Authors: Araújo-Silva Sérgio L. , Mendonça Raoani C. , Mattos Douglas C. , Sales Rafael O. J. , Tsuzuki Mônica Y. 
Published: August 2021

The Brazilian basslet (Gramma brasiliensis) is an ornamental fish species of significance to the fish market, and the development of a breeding protocol is of interest to the aquarium trade. There is little information regarding the behaviour of G. brasiliensis in captivity; thus, the aims of this study were to: (1) investigate pair and harem formation in different-sized aquaria (70 and 110 L) and tanks (150 and 310 L); (2) investigate the choice of different macroalgae species and synthetic materials by the fish for nest building in captivity; and (3) describe the courtship behaviour of captive fish and compare it with available literature for G. brasiliensis and Gramma loreto in natural environments. Based on the results, we suggest that G. brasiliensis should be kept in pairs because of their aggressive behaviour. Macroalgae of the genus Chaetomorpha and all synthetic materials were used by the fish to build nests. The courtship behaviour of G. brasiliensis in captivity is described for the first time and is similar to that reported for G. loreto in a natural habitat, namely ‘U-turn with body quivering’.
Calcium levels in the Golgi complex regulate clustering and apical sorting of GPI-APs in polarized epithelial cells
Authors: Lebreton Stéphanie , Paladino Simona , Liu Dandan , Nitti Maria , von Blume Julia , Pinton Paolo , Zurzolo Chiara 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Our findings represent a fundamental advance in general understanding of the mechanisms of exocytosis in polarized epithelial cells that are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity. Moreover, our data also improve the knowledge on the machinery regulating polarized trafficking of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, a class of lipid-associated proteins playing diverse vital functions, unraveling an unexpected role of calcium in their apical sorting.
The long-run effects of religious persecution: Evidence from the Spanish Inquisition
Authors: Drelichman Mauricio , Vidal-Robert Jordi , Voth Hans-Joachim 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceFrom Imperial Rome to North Korea, religious persecution entwined with various degrees of totalitarian control has caused conflict and bloodshed for millennia. In this paper, we ask the following: Can religious persecution have repercussions long after it has ceased? Using data on the Spanish Inquisition, we show that in municipalities where the Spanish Inquisition persecuted more citizens, incomes are lower, trust is lower, and education is markedly lower than in other comparable towns and cities. Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition to still matter today, but it does.
Storage of carbon reserves in spruce trees is prioritized over growth in the face of carbon limitation
Authors: Huang Jianbei , Hammerbacher Almuth , Gershenzon Jonathan , van Dam Nicole M. , Sala Anna , McDowell Nate G. , Chowdhury Somak , Gleixner Gerd , Trumbore Susan , Hartmann Henrik 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Forest decline due to climate change is increasing worldwide. Accurate forecasting of forest dynamics requires a mechanistic understanding of carbon allocation strategies that can link molecular process regulation to whole-tree responses. However, dedicated transdisciplinary investigations spanning these scales are lacking. Here we used a unique experimental platform to manipulate the whole-tree carbon balance and combine metabolic flux measurements with transcriptional information to reveal tree resource allocation priorities under reduced carbon supply. In contrast to current understanding and model implementations, we show that trees prioritize carbon allocation to storage and mobilization of storage to support respiration rather than growth to ensure immediate and future survival under negative carbon balance that may occur during critical periods of stress.
Living and responding to climate variability and change among coffee and banana farmers in the highlands of Moshi rural district, Tanzania.
Authors: Temba Pontian L. , Pauline Noah M. , Ndaki Patrick M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The study aimed at exploring perceived impacts of climate variability on coffee and banana farming and community responses in the highlands of Moshi Rural District. A socio-economic survey employing qualitative and quantitative research approaches was used. Data were collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions as well as field observation. A total of 96 farmers were involved in the study. SPSS Statistics software package and Microsoft Excel were used for data processing and analysis. Findings showed that communities are knowledgeable about climate variability. Their knowledge is based on perceptions of the impacts already felt and attributed to climate variability, including unpredictable patterns of rainy seasons. Climate variability is associated with decrease in household food supply, unpredictable farming calendar and drying of water sources for irrigation and domestic use. Coffee yields showed a decreasing trend (at the rate of R2 = -0.494) during the years 1990-2016. This was contrary to bananas, which indicated an increasing trend (R2 = 0.036) of production during the same period. Communities were responding to impacts of climate variability in various ways, including intercropping, planting early maturing and drought-resistant varieties and gravity canal irrigation. Projected climate changes showed that the future was uncertain for farmers depending on rain-fed farming. Therefore, further research on viable options would help farmers adapt to current and future climatic stresses. Options may include intensified irrigation of crops and conservation farming which have the potential to increase banana and coffee production, thereby improving productivity and food security for communities.
Cassava as an adaptation crop to climate variability and change in coastal areas of Tanzania: a case of the Mkuranga district.
Authors: Mbwambo Naza A. , Liwenga Emma T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

This study was carried out in two villages, Kizapala and Kazole, of the Mkuranga District, in the Coast Region of Tanzania. The objective of the study was to establish the role of cassava as an adaptation crop to the changing climate and household food security. Primary data were obtained using household questionnaires and different participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques which included focus group discussions (FGDs), key informants and expert meetings. Secondary data were collected through a literature review, whereas temperature and rainfall data from 1984 to 2014 was obtained from the Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA). In each village, a sample size of 10% of all households was interviewed. Findings showed that 96% of respondents from Kazole village and 90% from Kizapala linked climate change with major climatic extreme events such as prolonged droughts and occasional abnormal floods. Analysis of temperature data for the last 30 years (1984-2014) revealed that temperature had significantly risen by a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.4936 for maximum and R2 = 0.777 for minimum temperature. The field survey results closely correlated with findings from the analysis of TMA rainfall and temperature data. Findings revealed a decline in crop production which resulted in food shortages and livelihood insecurity in the study villages. The respondents in both villages consider cassava as a crop that is least affected by climate and environmental extremes, thus serves to ensure food availability and security in their households. As a result, growing cassava should be considered as an adaptation strategy to climate change and variability now and in the future. Improving cassava production, processing, marketing and value chain infrastructures is, therefore, crucial for enhancing sustainable adaptation in the district.