bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-Century Sedimentary Record, Sources, And Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Dianchi Lake, China
Authors: Ma Xiaohua , Yang Hao , Huang Changchun , Huang Tao , Li Shuaidong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, the sedimentary records, sources, and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Dianchi Lake were analyzed. The concentration ranges of ΣPAH16 in the sediments of Dianchi Lake were 368–990 ng/g, with an average value of 572 ng/g, peaking in 1988. Economic development and rapid population growth, as well as the rapid growth of coal consumption, have a greater impact on the HMW PAHs than on the LMW PAHs in the sedimentary environment. The results of the diagnostic ratios and PCA model show that the main sources of PAHs were coal and biomass combustion, as well as fossil fuel combustion sources in individual years. The risk assessment results showed that the PAH concentrations in the sediment were within a safe range. In the past 100 years of sediment pore water, except for Phe, which reached chronic toxic pollution levels in some years, other 2-3 ring LMW PAHs have been within a safe range. With the development of industrialization and urbanization, the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum has increased, and some of the 4-6 ring HMW PAHs have reached chronic toxicity or even acute toxicity in the sediment pore water.
MicroRNA-194 Inhibition Promotes SUMO-2-Dependent Neuro-Protection Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation
Authors: Wang Xiao-Hua , Zhang Si-Yuan , Huang Yi , Guan Yunqian , Zheng Yi , Qi Wenwei , Zhao Guoguang , Wang Tian-Long 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Hypothermia is a powerful neuroprotectant. However, clinical translation has been difficult partly because the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Recently, it has been suggested that hypothermic neuroprotection may be linked with specific microRNA signatures, specifically the downregulation of miR-194-5p. Here, we attempt a reverse translation study to define the novel neuroprotective mechanism of miR-194-5p downregulation.
Methods
Our research designed experiments to determine the expression of miR-194-5p in hypothermic neuroprotection. After transfected with miRNA-194-5p inhibitor or control miRNA, neuron cells were performed Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation. Cell viability was determined by staining with propidium iodide (PI) and expression of SUMO-2 were quantified using Western blot. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the direct binding of miR-194-5p to SUMO2 transcripts. Puromycin and recombinant lentivirus (pLKD-CMV-eGFP-sumo2-shRNA) were used to suppressed SUMOylation non-specifically and specifically.
Results
First, we documented that miR-194-5p was highly expressed in rat primary cortical neurons and astrocytes, compared with other glial and vascular cell types. Blockade with anti-miR-194-5p did not affect astrocytes, but significantly protected neurons against oxy-glucose deprivation. Using a miRNA target prediction algorithm, we found that SUMO-2, a known endogenous neuroprotective regulator, possessed the binding site for miR-194-5p. When miR-194-5p was inhibited, SUMO-2 mRNA was increased in neurons along with the enhancement of SUMO-2 conjugation. Finally, downregulation of SUMO-2 with none-special puromycin and special lentiviral shRNA-mediated knockdown of SUMO2 both canceled the neuroprotection mediated by miR194-5p inhibition.
Conclusion
Taken together, this study provides the first proof-of-concept that miR194-5p may be a negative controller of endogenous SUMO-2 protective mechanisms, and therefore miR194-5p inhibition may provide a novel approach for leveraging hypothermic neuroprotection against ischemic stress.
Temporal Variation of Culture Independent Bacterial Diversity Based on Amplicon Sequencing of the North Sikkim Hot Spring Solfataric Soil Sediments
Authors: Das Sayak , Sherpa Mingma Thundu , Najar Ishfaq Nabi , Kumari Ankita , Thakur Nagendra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The solfataric soil sediments of the hot springs of Sikkim located at Yume Samdung and Lachen valley were studied for deciphering the uncultured bacterial diversity. The main aim here is to present a comparative study and generate a baseline data on the post-monsoon seasonal variation for the months of October and December, analysed through 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon sequencing. At phylum level, in the New Yume Samdung (NYS) hot spring soil sample, in the month of October it was dominated by Proteobacteria (21.03%) followed by Thermi (12.33%) and Bacteroidetes (9.95%) whereas in December it was dominated by Proteobacteria (23.61%) followed by Chloroflexi (19.15%) and Bacteroidetes (16.55%). For Old Yume Samdung (OYS) hot spring soil sample, in the month of October, it was dominated by Proteobacteria (25.22%) followed by Bacteroidetes (11.76%) and Thermi (8.11%) whereas in December it was dominated by Proteobacteria (20.58%) followed by Chloroflexi (18.88%) and Thermi (9.89%). And in the case of Tarum (TAR) hot spring soil sediments, in the month of October, it was dominated by Proteobacteria (27.51%) followed by Bacteroidetes (12.29%) and Actinobacteria (11.1%) whereas in December it was dominated by Proteobacteria (16.76%) followed by Bacteroidetes (16.54%) and Thermi (14.17%). At genus level, in NYS, in October it was dominated by Meiothermus (12.33%) and in December it was Roseiflexus (8.59%). For OYS, it was dominated by Meiothermus (8.11%) in October and by unclassified Chloroflexales (10.94%) in December. And in TAR, it was dominated by unclassified Bacteroidales (10.29%) in October and by Meiothermus (14.12%) in December.
Unravelling the Effect of Complexant Number on Remarkably High Static and Dynamic Second Hyperpolarizability of Aziridine Based Diffuse Electron Systems: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Roy Ria Sinha , Ghosh Avik , Ash Tamalika , Banerjee Soumadip , Das Abhijit 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Effect of complexant number on second hyperpolarizability of a series of diffuse electron system comprising aziridine (complexant) and alkaline earth metal dopnat (i.e. Be, Mg and Ca) are explored theoretically. For this, the number of the complexant is increased upto three in a stepwise fashion. Aziridine unit, that is non-covalently linked with dopant, polarizes the ns electron of dopant. This polarizing effect results the higher second hyperpolarizability value of the complexes. . Compared to pristine aziridine moiety, the gavg of Be-aziridine complex enhances significantly.Interestingly, with increase in the complexant number, the static and dynamic second hyperpolarizability value enhances in monotonical fashion and attains the maximum value when three complexant are employed. Among the studied systems, the shamrock-shaped complex (Ca@(aziridine)3) exhibits higher non-linear refractive index as well as remarkably high second hyperpolarizability value(1.83x107 a.u.).
Uncovering predictability of individual and team success:
Significant Hot Hand Effect in International Cricket
Authors: Ram Sumit , Nandan Shyam , Sornette Didier 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate the predictability and persistence (hot-hand effect) of individual and team performance by analyzing the complete recorded history of international cricket. We introduce an original temporal representation of performance streaks, which is suitable to be modelled as a self-exciting point process. We confirm the presence of predictability and hot-hands across the individual performance and the absence of the same in team performance and game outcome. Thus, Cricket is a game of skill for individuals and a game of chance for the teams. Our study contributes to recent historiographical debates concerning the presence of persistence in individual and collective productivity and success. The introduction of several metrics and methods can be useful to test and exploit clustering of performance in the study of human behavior and design of algorithms for predicting success.
Seasonal Occurrence of Cyanobacteria and First Detection of Microcystin-LR in Water Column of Foum-Gleita Reservoir, Mauritania
Authors: Sadegh Ahmed Sidi , Sidoumou Zeinebou , Dia Mamadou , Pinchetti Juan Luis Gómez , Bouaïcha Noureddine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work was carried out to study the seasonal occurrence of cyanobacteria and their microcystin-LR in water column of Foum-Gleita reservoir (Mauritania). Limnological and biological factors were investigated at three depths (surface, -3, and -6 m) in this reservoir during a full year. Nutrients were analyzed by Spectrophotometry, phytoplankton was analyzed by Inverted Microscopy, microsystins were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry and environmental factors relationships were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and Multiple Linear Regression. Physicochemical analyzes have shown that this reservoir is hypereutrophic with dissolved inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations relatively high, varying from 1.39 to 6.53 and 0.21 to 0.57 mg/L, respectively. Annual surface water temperature was exceptionally high (27.8 ± 3.6°C), characterizing of a Sahelian climatic conditions. Phytoplankton analyzes have shown dominance of two toxic cyanobacteria species Microcystis aeruginosa and Dolichospermum flos-aquae during warm season (May-September). Microcystins analysis revealed presence of only most toxic variant, microcystin-LR. Microcystin-LR concentration in the surface water samples, during cyanobacterial blooms, was consistently high (5.638 µg/L), exceeding 5-times the World Health Organization drinking water limit (1 µg/L), however, it was much lower (0.83 µg / L) at depth (-6 m). Analysis of environmental factors relationships showed that the most influential factors on abundance of Microcystis aeruginosa and Dolichospermum flos-aquae and variability of microcystin-LR concentrations were total phosphorus, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, iron, temperature and pH. Finally, the study clearly demonstrated need for regular monitoring of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in the waters of studied reservoir.
Numerical Study of the Effect of Workpiece Thickness on the Interfacial Behavior of a Molten Aluminum Droplet on a Zinc-coated Steel Sheet
Authors: Cho Won-Ik , Woizeschke Peer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In brazing, the interfacial conditions between the molten filler material and the solid workpiece are important, yet they cannot be observed experimentally. A two-dimensional axisymmetric simulation was conducted to analyze the behavior of a single droplet of molten aluminum on zinc-coated steel sheet as a simplified brazing process. The simulation models were verified through a comparison with experimental results in terms of bead shape, zinc distribution, and molten metal behavior. The results show that Young’s equation was not valid in explaining the wetting behavior because of the instant solidification. In this respect, the effects of the workpiece thickness and wetting angle on the bead width were negligible. Two periods of time, namely the times for the temperature difference and solidification, and their ratio (interface number) were defined to analyze the temperature behavior at the interface over time as well as the effects of workpiece thickness. The interfacial temperature behaviors tended to be divided into three regions: linear (or inversely proportional), singular, and convergence. The interface number converged to a value of one with the increase in the thickness.
Indolent Enhancing Spinal Lesions Mimicking Spinal Metastasis in Pediatric Patients With Malignant Primary Brain Tumors
Authors: Wu Hsin-Wei , Lin Shih-Chieh , Wu Ching-Lan , Lee Kang-Lung , Wu Chia-Hung , Chen Shu-Ting , Chen Hsin-Hung , Lee Yi-Yen , Chen Yi-Wei , Wu Chih-Chun , Hsu Ting-Rong , Chang Feng-Chi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSpinal metastasis from malignant primary brain tumor (MPBT) in pediatric is rare, often appearing as enhancing lesions on MRI. However, some indolent enhancing spinal lesions (IESL) resulting from previous treatment mimic metastasis on MRI, leading to unnecessary investigation and treatment. MethodsIn 2005-2020, we retrospectively enrolled 12 pediatric/young patients with clinical impression of spinal metastasis, and pathological diagnosis of their spinal lesions. Three patients had MPBT with IESL, and 9 patients had malignant tumors with metastases. The histopathologic diagnosis of IESL was unremarkable marrow change. We evaluated their MRI, CT, and bone scan findings.Results Image findings of IESL vs spinal metastasis were 1) shape: round/ovoid (3/3, 100%) vs irregular (9/9, 100%) (P= .005); 2) target-shaped enhancement: (3/3, 100%) vs (0/9, 0%) (P= .005); 3) pathologic fracture of vertebral body: (1/3, 33.3%) vs (9/9, 100%) (P= .045); 4) expansile vertebral shape (0/3, 0%) vs (9/9, 100%) (P= .005); 5) obliteration of basivertebral vein: (0/3, 0%) vs (9/9, 100%) (P= .005); 6) osteoblastic change on CT: (3/3, 100%) vs (2/9, 22.2%) (P= .034).ConclusionsIESL in pediatrics with MPBT can be differentiated from metastasis by their image characteristics. We suggest close follow-up rather than aggressive investigation and treatment for IESL.
Associations between PM10 from Traffic, Resuspension, Sand Storms and Volcanic Sources and Asthma Drugs Dispensing
Authors: Carlsen Hanne Krage , Thorsteinsson Throstur 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundParticle matter (PM) is detrimental to respiratory health, particularly in individuals with underlying respiratory disease, e.g. asthma. In the capital area of Iceland PM is both from anthropogenic sources, mainly traffic and local resuspension, as well as natural sources, such as dust-and volcanic ash storms. The aim was to study the association between all kinds of PM events from and daily dispensing of asthma drug as a proxy for respiratory health.Material and methodsThe study period was 2005-2015. Dispensing of asthma drugs for all individuals living in the capital area of Iceland were obtained from health registries. Concentrations of daily air pollution, pollen, and meteorological variables were obtained. Dust sources were determined for days when PM exceeded the health limit (24-hour mean 50 µg/m3) which are defined as “PM events”. The data were analysed using generalised non-linear models (GNM) methods and adjusted for both season and time trend. Results There were 137 PM event days where PM exceeded the health limit, and the source of the particles could be determined. The source of PM events was most often traffic (5%) or local resuspension 92(%), but PM events were also due to dust storms (1%) and volcanic ash (0.2%). During the 11 year study period there were on average 85 (standard deviation 45) daily dispensings of short-acting asthma drugs and 31 (19 standard deviations) dispensing of long-acting drugs. In the regression analysis, PM events from traffic and resuspension sources were associated with increases in the number of individuals who filled prescriptions for both long- and short-acting asthma drug in the following 7 days. Volcanic ash PM events were associated with dispensing of long-acting drugs, and short-acting drug use in summer and in individuals aged less than 18 years. DiscussionPM from traffic and local resuspension are the largest contributors to respiratory morbidity in Iceland’s capital area, although volcanic particles were also a significant contributor. PM from dust storms which did not originate from recent volcanic sources, was not associated with this indicator of poor respiratory health.
Machine Learning Algorithms For Understanding The Determinants of Under-Five Mortality
Authors: Saroj Rakesh Kumar , Yadav Pawan Kumar , Singh Rajneesh , Chilyabanyama Obvious Nchimunya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The death rate of under-five children in India declined last few decades, but few bigger states have poor performance. This is a matter of serious concern for the child's health as well as social development. Nowadays, machine learning techniques play a crucial role in the smart health care system to capture the hidden factors and patterns of outcomes. In this paper, we used machine learning techniques to predict the important factors of under-five mortality.This study aims to explore the importance of machine learning techniques to predict under-five mortality and to find the important factors that cause under-five mortality.The data was taken from the National Family Health Survey-IV of Uttar Pradesh. We used four machine learning techniques like decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, and logistic regression to predict under-five mortality factors and model accuracy of each model. We have also used information gain to rank to know the important variables for accurate predictions in under-five mortality data.Result: Random Forest (RF) predicts the child mortality factors with the highest accuracy of 97.5 %, and the number of living children, births in the last five years, educational level, birth order, total children ever born, currently breastfeeding, and size of child at birth that identifying as essential factors for under-five mortality.Conclusion: The study focuses on machine learning techniques to predict and identify important factors for under-five mortality. The random forest model provides an excellent predictive result for estimating the risk factors of under-five mortality. Based on the resulting outcome, policymakers can make policies and plans to reduce under-five mortality.
Cardiac Activity Impacts Cortical Motor Excitability
Authors: Al Esra , Stephani Tilman , Engelhardt Melina , Villringer Arno , Nikulin Vadim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Human cognition and action can be influenced by internal bodily processes such as heartbeats. For instance, somatosensory perception is impaired both during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle and when heartbeats evoke stronger cortical responses. Here, we test whether these cardiac effects originate from overall changes in cortical excitability. Cortical and corticospinal excitability were assessed using electroencephalographic and electromyographic responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation while concurrently monitoring cardiac activity with electrocardiography. Cortical and corticospinal excitability were found to be highest during systole and following stronger cortical responses to heartbeats. Furthermore, in a motor task, hand-muscle activity and the associated desynchronization of sensorimotor oscillations were stronger during systole. These results suggest that systolic cardiac signals have a facilitatory effect on motor excitability – in contrast to sensory attenuation that was previously reported for somatosensory perception. Thus, distinct time windows may exist across the cardiac cycle that either optimize perception or action.
Carbohydrate content of human milk is affected by seasonal variations: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Mangel Laurence , Vanetik Sharon , Mandel Dror , Marom Ronella , Lubetzky Ronit , Lev Hadar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have suggested seasonal variation in macronutrient content of milk produced from animals. The influence of seasonal variation upon human milk macronutrient content has not been elucidated. This study aimed to compare the macronutrient content of HM produced by lactating mothers during the winter and the summer seasons.
Methods
We compiled previously generated data on macronutrient content of colostrum milk samples collected from lactating mothers of healthy term infants. The mothers were recruited during their postpartum stay at the Lis Maternity Hospital of the Tel Aviv Medical Center. Macronutrient content was measured by mid-infrared spectroscopy.
Results
The carbohydrate content of the colostrum was significantly higher in the summer season than in the winter season (5.9 ± 1.3 vs 5.4 ± 1.4 g/100 ml, p value <0.001). Protein, fat, and energy contents were similar in both groups.
Conclusion
The carbohydrate content in colostrum obtained from mothers of term infants was affected by seasonal variations.
Sunflower Optimization Algorithm Based Filtering Method for State of Charge Estimation of Batteries in Electric Vehicle
Authors: Maheshwari A , Nageswari S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main focus of the battery management system is the estimation of the battery’s State of Charge (SOC) which is an indicator to determine the driving range of an electric vehicle. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm is the most promising for SOC estimation when the system is running. The EKF state estimation algorithm is sensitive to the process noise covariance matrix Q and measurement noise covariance matrix R. Inappropriate noise covariance matrices reduce the accuracy and make divergence in state estimation. In this paper, the Sunflower Optimization algorithm (SFO) is used to optimize the noise covariance matrices before applying EKF for online SOC estimation. This simply indicates that the iterative SFO does not affect the instantaneous response of EKF in online estimation because the SFO is only performed once to determine the optimal values. The effectiveness of the proposed identification is examined through the constant discharge rate test and dynamic stress test. As observed, the performance indices such as maximum error, Mean Absolute Error, Mean Square Error and Root Mean Square Error of both SOC and voltage obtained by the proposed SFO-EKF are low compared to the other three methods. Besides accuracy, the proposed method quickly converges even when the initial SOC is inaccurate. The simulation results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and a better convergence rate in terms of estimating SOC under static and dynamic operating conditions.
High Rates of Undiagnosed and Uncontrolled Hypertension Upon a Screening Campaign in Rural Rwanda: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ntaganda Evariste , Mugeni Regine , Harerimana Emmanuel , Ngoga Gedeon , Dusabeyezu Symaque , Uwinkindi Francois , Utumatwishima Jean Nepo A. , Mutimura Eugene , Davila-Roman Victor G. , Schechtman Kenneth , Nishimwe Aurore , Twizeyimana Laurence , Brown Angela L. , Cade Todd W. , Bushaku Marcus , Fuentes Lisa De Las , Reeds Dominic , Twagirumukiza Marc 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypertension remains the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide with a prevalence and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) among the highest. The early detection of hypertension risk factors is a crucial pillar for CVD prevention. Design and method: This cross-sectional study included 4284 subjects, mean age 46±16SD, 56.4% females and mean BMI 26.6±3.7 SD. Data were collected through a screening campaign in rural area of Kirehe District, Eastern of Rwanda, with the objective to characterize and examine the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and other CVD risk factors. An adapted tool from the World Health Organization STEPwise Approach was used for data collection. Elevated BP was defined as ≥140/90 mm/Hg and elevated blood glucose as blood glucose ≥100 mg/dl after a six-hours fast. Results: Of the sampled population, 21.2% (n=910) had an elevated BP at screening; BP was elevated among individuals not previously known to have HTN in 18.7% (n=752). Among individuals with a prior diagnosis of HTN, 62.2% (n=158 of 254) BP was uncontrolled. Age, weight, smoking, alcohol history and waist circumference were associated with BP in both univariate analyses and multivariate analysis. Conclusion: High rates of elevated BP identified through a health screening campaign in this Rwandan district were surprising given the rural characteristics of the district and relatively low population age. These data highlight the need to implement an adequate strategy for the prevention, diagnosis, and control of HTN that includes rural areas of Rwanda as part of a multicomponent strategy for CVD prevention.