bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic monoculture and social welfare
Authors: Kleinberg Jon , Raghavan Manish 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceAlgorithmic monoculture is a growing concern in the use of algorithms for high-stakes screening decisions in areas such as employment and lending. If many firms use the same algorithm, even if it is more accurate than the alternatives, the resulting “monoculture” may be susceptible to correlated failures, much as a monocultural system is in biological settings. To investigate this concern, we develop a model of selection under monoculture. We find that even without any assumption of shocks or correlated failures—i.e., under “normal operations”—the quality of decisions may decrease when multiple firms use the same algorithm. Thus, the introduction of a more accurate algorithm may decrease social welfare—a kind of “Braess’ paradox” for algorithmic decision-making.
DLL1 orchestrates CD8+T cells to induce long-term vascular normalization and tumor regression
Authors: Zhang Naidong , Yin Rongping , Zhou Pei , Liu Xiaomei , Fan Peng , Qian Long , Dong Li , Zhang Chenglin , Zheng Xichen , Deng Shengming , Kuai Jiajie , Liu Zhenhua , Jiang Wen , Wang Xiaohua , Wu Depei , Huang Yuhui 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceCancer immunotherapy demonstrates durable clinical efficacy but only in a small percentage of cancer patients. The aberrant tumor blood vessels and resulting hypoxic tumor microenvironment are major obstacles to hinder cancer immunotherapy. Tumor vascular normalization is a promising strategy to overcome these hindrances; however, the normalizing effects induced by current available approaches are often transient, limiting its therapeutic benefits. Here, we show that Delta-like 1 (DLL1) can induce long-term tumor vascular normalization, alleviate the hypoxia and immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, and prolong survival of anti-CTLA4 therapy. This study suggests that DLL1 is a potential target to persistently normalize the tumor microenvironment to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Four-dimensional aspects of tight contact 3-manifolds
Authors: Hedden Matthew , Raoux Katherine 
Published: May 2021

Significance
A surprising result of the 20th century is that the classification problem for four-dimensional spaces called smooth 4-manifolds is more subtle and difficult than the analogous problem for both lower- and higher-dimensional spaces. Classifying 4-manifolds is intimately connected to the study of surfaces embedded therein. This article proves results and proposes conjectures relating such surfaces in 4-manifolds to three-dimensional geometric structures called contact structures.
Membrane voltage-dependent activation mechanism of the bacterial flagellar protein export apparatus
Authors: Minamino Tohru , Morimoto Yusuke V. , Kinoshita Miki , Namba Keiichi 
Published: May 2021

Significance
The transmembrane electrical potential difference (Δψ), which is defined as membrane voltage, is used as the energy for many biological activities. For construction of the bacterial flagella on the cell surface, a specialized protein transporter utilizes Δψ to drive proton-coupled protein export, but it remains unknown how. Here, we report that an inactive flagellar protein transporter can be activated by an increase in Δψ above a threshold value through an interaction between FliJ and the transmembrane proton channel protein FlhA. Following activation, the protein transporter conducts protons through the FlhA channel to drive flagellar protein export. This report describes a Δψ-dependent activation mechanism used for a biological function other than voltage-gated ion channels.
Unravelling the mechanisms controlling heme supply and demand
Authors: Leung Galvin C.-H. , Fung Simon S.-P. , Gallio Andrea E. , Blore Robert , Alibhai Dominic , Raven Emma L. , Hudson Andrew J. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Heme is essential for the survival of virtually all living systems and is involved in many fundamental biological processes. It is also implicated as a signaling/regulatory molecule and must be mobilized in response to cellular demands. This presents a complex logistical problem: heme cannot simply diffuse around cells because it is both insoluble and cytotoxic. We show that the cell exhibits exquisite control over release of heme by limiting its availability to one molecule or less within cellular compartments. We suggest an exchange mechanism between protein partners to control supply and demand. Such a mechanism would provide an in-built buffering capacity for heme, enable cells to hoard supplies of heme, and protect the cell against the undesirable effects of heme.
Developing a multilingual dictionary of touristic-cultural terms (with Croatian as the source language)
Authors: Lončar Ivana , Pavić Pintarić Anita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the challenge of developing a multilingual dictionary of touristic-cultural terms with Croatian as the source language, based on the principles of lexicography which include the rigorous metalexicographic methodology and the practical needs of users (tourism professionals, managers, teachers, and students of philological careers, as well as those related to tourism and hospitality). The project, broadly speaking, is divided into three phases. The current, first phase of research includes the elaboration of a corpus comprising a series of terms, simple units, or expressions from different areas with special attention to the realia of the source language, which do not exist in the target languages (German, English, Spanish and others). The second phase will involve the lemmatization of entries, their classification, the elaboration of appendices, and the modeling of parameters and definers that will be used in the lexicographical definition. The third phase covers the elaboration of the microstructure. At this stage, special emphasis will be placed on the type of lexicographic definitions (and their combinations) that will be used in the dictionary. It is expected that the dictionary would have photographic materials under copyright.
Gender identification in the portrayal of female roles in the remakes of American TV series in Turkey
Authors: Sancaktaroğlu Bozkurt Sinem , Okyayuz Ayşe Şirin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe transfer of stories across borders in translation, adaptation, or remake is a common phenomenon in the globalized world. In Turkey, translating foreign audiovisual products to enrich the cultural repertoire has been a prominent practice. Focusing on the portrayal of female characters in contemporary remakes of several American TV series aired on primetime national channels in Turkey, this study aims to pinpoint audiovisual norms that guide the “transfer” of these characters for Turkish audience. The analysis seeks to exemplify how remakes deconstruct, reformulate, and thus (re)construct the representations of women’s identities in Turkey. The study initially concentrates on remakes as a genre, moves on to outline the practice in Turkey, and analyzes the reformulation of gender roles in line with Turkish societal norms within the scope of audiovisual translation from the gender perspective. The study singles out a series of norms that seem to guide and color the transfer of female characters in the remakes for the Turkish audience, elaborates on why it is necessary, and suggests the implications of such practices.
Negotiating inclusion of gender and sexual diversity through a process of feminist translation in Quebec
Authors: Bessaïh Nesrine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccording to French grammatical rules the masculine prevails over the feminine. In Quebec since the 1980s, an inclusive, “non-sexist writing,” aimed at making the feminine visible, has been promoted by women’s activist groups and has been adopted in most governmental publications. Recently, a renewal of the notion of gender manifests itself through an emerging definition of inclusive writing as “neutral writing,” aimed at neutralizing gender in the French language. In this context, a feminist collective has undertaken the translation into French ofOur Bodies, Ourselves, a major reference book on sexual and reproductive health. What effects has the coexistence of these two trends of feminist inclusive writing had on the process of constructing and writing this book and on the terminological choices made by the collective of translators? This case study showcases how the translation process opens a space for rethinking linguistic practices around gender.
A reconfigurable and portable acoustofluidic system based on flexible printed circuit board for the manipulation of microspheres
Authors: Mikhaylov Roman , Martin Mercedes Stringer , Dumcius Povilas , Wang Hanlin , Wu Fangda , Zhang Xiaoyan , Akhimien Victory , Sun Chao , Clayton Aled , Fu Yongqing , Ye Lin , Dong Zhiqiang , Wu Zhenlin , Yang Xin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Acoustofluidic devices based on surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have been widely applied in biomedical research for the manipulation and separation of cells. In this work, we develop an accessible manufacturing process to fabricate an acoustofluidic device consisting of a SAW interdigital transducer (IDT) and a polydimethylsiloxane microchannel. The IDT is manufactured using a flexible printed circuit board pre-patterned with interdigital electrodes that is mechanically coupled with a piezoelectric substrate. A new microchannel moulding technique is realised by 3D printing on glass slides and is demonstrated by constructing the microchannel for the acoustofluidic device. The flexible clamping mechanism, used to construct the device, allows the reconfigurable binding between the IDT and the microchannel. This unique construction makes the acoustofluidic device capable of adjusting the angle between the microchannel and the SAW propagation, without refabrication, via either rotating the IDT or the microchannel. The angle adjustment is demonstrated by setting the polystyrene microsphere aggregation angle to −5°, 0°, 6°, and 15°. Acoustic energy density measurements demonstrate the velocity of microsphere aggregation in the device can be accurately controlled by the input power. The manufacturing process has the advantages of reconfigurability and rapid-prototyping to facilitate preparing acoustofluidic devices for wider applications.
Slow stretched-exponential and fast compressed-exponential relaxation from local event dynamics
Authors: Trachenko K , Zaccone A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We propose an atomistic model for correlated particle dynamics in liquids and glasses predicting both slow stretched-exponential relaxation (SER) and fast compressed-exponential relaxation (CER). The model is based on the key concept of elastically interacting local relaxation events. SER is related to slowing down of dynamics of local relaxation events as a result of this interaction, whereas CER is related to the avalanche-like dynamics in the low-temperature glass state. The model predicts temperature dependence of SER and CER seen experimentally and recovers the simple, Debye, exponential decay at high temperature. Finally, we reproduce SER to CER crossover across the glass transition recently observed in metallic glasses.
Trajectory and factors of radiation risk perception of students aged 10–12 years at the time of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident
Authors: Yasui Kiyotaka , Takebayashi Yoshitake , Motoya Ryo , Aoki Shuntaro , Horiuchi Teruko , Hatsuzawa Toshio , Nakano Kazunori , Ohba Takashi , Yoshida Kazuki , Midorikawa Sanae , Ohtsuru Akira , Murakami Michio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Various studies have investigated radiation risk perceptions after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. However, student surveys are limited. This study aimed to investigate the perception of radiation risk among students aged 18–20 years who were in the 5th and 6th grades of elementary school at the time of the accident. We surveyed students in the Fukushima Prefecture and outside the prefecture. Out of all the data, 59% of the respondents were living in the Fukushima Prefecture at the time of the accident and 41% outside the prefecture. Trajectory analysis showed that changes in anxiety levels over time since 2011 could be divided into five classes: (a) the anxiety was the highest, and this tendency persisted. (b) High at the beginning, but decreased more quickly than class 1. (c) High at the beginning, but it diminished quickly. (d) Not high, but did not diminish easily in later years. (e) Low from the beginning, and persisted. Multinomial logistic analysis showed that among students living outside the prefecture at the time of the accident, a significantly higher proportion was in groups 4 and 5 than in group 2. A significant proportion of boys were present in groups 3, 4 and 5. A significant proportion of students whose current educational institutions were inside the prefecture were present in group 3. The level of anxiety was associated with the academic course, but not with subjective knowledge of radiation. In contrast, in the qualitative analysis of the free text, 31% considered ‘knowledge about radiation’ as the reason for the reduction in anxiety level. At the time of the investigation, most young people were not anxious about radiation. However, approximately 20% still had strong anxiety. We established that continuous risk communication is necessary. Furthermore, that stabilization and support related to life in general is important.
Localized Wannier function based tight-binding models for two-dimensional allotropes of bismuth
Authors: Li Qile , Smith Jackson S , Yin Yuefeng , Wang Chutian , Klymenko Mykhailo V , Cole Jared H , Medhekar Nikhil V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With its monoelemental composition, various crystalline forms and an inherently strong spin–orbit coupling, bismuth has been regarded as an ideal prototype material to expand our understanding of topological electronic structures. In particular, two-dimensional bismuth thin films have attracted a growing interest due to potential applications in topological transistors and spintronics. This calls for an effective physical model to give an accurate interpretation of the novel topological phenomena shown by two-dimensional bismuth. However, the conventional semi-empirical approach of adapting bulk bismuth hoppings fails to capture the topological features of two-dimensional bismuth allotropes because the electronic band topology is heavily influenced by crystalline symmetries. Here we provide a new parameterization using localized Wannier functions derived from the Bloch states in first-principles calculations. We construct new tight-binding models for three types of two-dimensional bismuth allotropes: a Bi (111) bilayer, bismuthene and a Bi (110) bilayer. We demonstrate that our tight-binding models can successfully reproduce the electronic and topological features of these two-dimensional allotropes. Moreover, these tight-binding models can be used to explain the physical origin of the occurrence of novel band topology and the perturbation effects in these bismuth allotropes. In addition, these models can serve as a starting point for investigating the electron/spin transport and electromagnetic response in low-dimensional topological devices.
Research on nature of petroleum bitumen interaction with components of complex modifier
Authors: Belyaev P S , Frolov V A , Varepo L G , Belyaev V P , Bezzateeva E G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with petroleum road bitumen interacting with the components of a complex modifier. They are high-pressure polyethylene, thermoelastoplast, polymer packaging waste and surfactants. The analysis of changes are presented in the physical and mechanical properties of binders for road pavements obtained by Fourier-IR spectroscopy, optical methods and standard equipment for measuring the qualitative indicators of road binders based on petroleum bitumen.
Formation of a mixture with the specified quality characteristics from the available small batches of multicomponent mixtures, provided that the total batch of the largest volume is created
Authors: Evseev A V , Alekseev A A , Kasatkin G V , Proskuriakov N E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Statements, algorithms of the decision and the corresponding examples of tasks of forming of new mixes with the set characteristics or closest to the set characteristics from the available parties of multicomponent mixtures are given in work. The specified tasks have arisen in the course of the analysis of problem of drawing up by livestock complexes of the balanced nutritious mixes from the available small consignments of mixes. Solutions of the given tasks can be demanded also in other spheres of production. For example, in metallurgy at production of alloys, pharmacology at production of drugs.
A software-hardware unit for studying the output characteristic of MEMS pressure sensors and its linearization
Authors: Kabanov A A , Esimkhanova A M , Nikonova G V , Sirotenko N Yu , Soloviev V V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the development of a linearization algorithm of the output parameters of the sensors based on the circuits that determine the static characteristics of the correction transducers, ensuring the linearity of the general conversion function with a given accuracy. Simulation modeling of correcting the output parameters of MEMS pressure sensors has been carried out. The qualitative characteristics of the measuring system are determined via providing the sensors with a means for determining the degree of reliability of their output data using a virtual exemplary tool. A technique for calibrating and linearizing the output characteristic of an analog MEMS pressure sensor has been developed. An algorithm for polynomial approximation of the nonlinear output characteristic of the sensor and a method for its implementation in Lab View software environment (by National Instruments) are presented. Virtual instruments developed in Lab View software environment have been the basis of software-hardware means for monitoring and processing of measuring data. The developed methodology and means of automation of measuring processes with the use of virtual devices made it possible to make the process of correcting the output parameters of sensors autonomous, independent of stationary measuring devices and debugging tools.
Features of high-precision measurements of laser beam lateral displacements in hybrid 3D scanning fiber-optic measuring heads
Authors: Leun E V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the features of using a feedback sensor based on an acousto-optical (AO) laser measuring system (LMS) for high-precision control of transverse displacements of the laser beam in hybrid 3D scanning adaptive fiber-optic measuring heads. Scanning circular movements of a laser beam with a frequency of 1, 5, 10 kHz, formed by a miniature fiber-optic piezoscanner, are considered. Two working sections are created from the circular trajectory formed by a moving laser beam, which are its orthogonal projections, and the current position of the optical spot of each of them is measured in AO LMS. The frequency and accuracy parameters of the AO LMS for traveling ultrasonic waves excited in the AO modulator used as a measure (ruler) are analyzed. The dependences on the length of the ultrasonic waves of the Doppler frequency range, the signal-to-noise ratio of the photodetector, the phase error and the error of transverse displacements, the number of distinguishable angular deviations within 180°, and the spatial resolution are determined and analyzed.
Algorithm for testing digital substation protection devices in conditions of network distortions in the process bus
Authors: Lysenko O A , Simakov A V , Kharlamov V V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the digital substation equipment maintenance. Equipping the electrical substations secondary circuits with intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) is an important direction in the electric power industry digital transformation. The purpose of the work is to develop an algorithm for testing digital substation protection devices for the influence of network distortions in the process bus. The tasks are to identify the main distortion types, determine the maintenance content and test it. The need to expand the existing service is determined, the maintenance algorithm is developed and a pilot test of the network distortions effect on the IED protection functions is performed.
Results of a theoretical and experimental research of a vertical hopper-feeding device with rollers for flat and close-to-equal-sized parts with implicit asymmetry
Authors: Pantyukhina E V , Preis V V , Puzikov I V , Dyakova E V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the proposed design and a developed on the basis of an integrated approach mathematical model of the feed rate of a vertical hopper-feeding device with rollers for flat and close to equidimensional parts of the shape of bodies of rotation with asymmetry at the ends of two types: with a cylindrical stepped end and an end in the form of a truncated cone. The developed model, the adequacy and correctness of which is confirmed by the results of experimental studies, allows at the design stage with high precision for practice to determine the parameters of the feeding device, which will ensure the required feed rate and reliability of automatic machines and lines.
Identification of causal relationships of risk assessment
Authors: Arifjanov A Sh , Muhamediyeva D T , Khasanov U U 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the identification of the cause-and-effect relationship of risk assessment with an indistinctly specified initial information. An example of a risk assessment task is the operation of a storage facility for the transport or storage of industrial products. A fire with different parameters must be considered as an anomalous external influence. The storage response, measured by the assessment of the safety of the content and its non-penetration into the external environment, can vary depending on the current state of the system, for example, the degree of possible damage in emergency conditions.
Estimate and asymptotic of the solution for the p-Laplacian parabolic equation double non-linear type with damping
Authors: Aripov M M , Djabbarov O R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, using the solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, we allegedly investigate the estimate and asymptotic of solutions for a parabolic equation with double nonlinearity with damping with a variable coefficient. An estimate for the weak solution and the asymptotic of regular, unbounded and finite solutions of the stationary equation are obtained. The condition for spatial localization of the solution to the Cauchy problem is found.
Neuro-fuzzy algorithm for clustering multidimensional objects in conditions of incomplete data
Authors: Khidirova Ch M , Sadikova Sh Sh , Nashvandova G M , Mirzaeva S E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper is considered development of fuzzy expert system model for identifying faults in complex systems using data mining methods based on searching for hidden patterns in databases. The use of neural network technologies makes it possible to detect nonlinear dependencies of input and output data, improve the quality of an objective assessment of the state of complex technical objects, which ultimately will reduce the number of emergency situations during operation. A method is proposed for identifying the optimal number of fuzzy clusters in the space of training examples and determining, on their basis, the parameters of the membership functions for the input variables and inference results. Considered a neuro-fuzzy algorithm for clustering multidimensional objects in conditions of incompleteness and fuzzy initial information.