bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High efficient dual band stacked antennas integrated into rescue helmets for indoor communication
Authors: Islam Hashinur , Das Saumya , Bose Tanushree , Dhar Sourav 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA dual-band stacked antenna integrated with a rescue helmet is proposed for WLAN applications. The cross slot aperture feeding technique enables the antenna to support dual-band operation at 2.4 and 5 GHz. On the ground plane, two slots are formed, perpendicular to each other and of different lengths. Four dielectric layers of different permittivity are stacked over this cross slot to attain the desired frequency bands. Under free space condition, the radiator yields 7% (2.31–2.48 GHz), 15.87% (5.12–6 GHz) 10 dB return loss bandwidth (BW). The use of low loss dielectric layers on the slots also provides a high antenna efficiency and moderate gain at both frequency bands. The small dimension of antenna encourages its use as a wearable helmet antenna. Antenna performances are observed under wearable condition. For assessing human exposure to RF electromagnetic fields, SAR evaluations are conducted at both 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN bands.
Challenging Domestic Judgments Through Investment Arbitration: Implications for the Forced Labour Litigation in Korea?
Authors: PRISLAN Vid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the international legal implications of certain civil lawsuits that recently resulted in Japanese companies being ordered to pay compensation to Korean victims of forced labour, focusing specifically on whether investor-state arbitration could provide a means of redress against judgments affecting those companies. After identifying the jurisdictional hurdles that those companies might face were they to challenge those judgments before an Arbitral Tribunal, this paper explores the most relevant treaty protection disciplines that could be relied upon in bringing such challenges, and discusses the remedies that a competent Arbitral Tribunal could prescribe were it to find that those judgments were not in conformity with Korea's international obligations. Building on existing jurisprudence, this paper shows that investment arbitration may provide a means for offsetting the adverse consequences of Korean forced labour litigation, but also highlights a number of difficulties that the Japanese companies would face in pursuing such an avenue.
Association of psychiatric comorbidities with the risk of transport accidents in ADHD and MPH
Authors: Liu Yi-Chun , Chen Vincent Chin-Hung , Yang Yao-Hsu , Chen Yi-Lung , Gossop Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Aims
Although the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and transport accidents has been shown, there is limited information on the relationship between medication and dose–response effects and transport accident risk. This study aims to determine whether young people with ADHD, including adolescents, are more prone to transport accidents than those without, and the extent to which methylphenidate (MPH) prescription in these patients reduces the risk.

Methods
We identified 114 486 patients diagnosed with ADHD from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 1997 to 2013. Using a Cox regression model, we compared the risk of transport accidents between ADHD and non-ADHD groups and estimated the effect of MPH on accidents. Furthermore, we applied a self-control case-series analysis to compare the risk of accidents during the medication periods with the same patients' non-medication periods.

Results
Male ADHD patients had a higher risk of transport accidents than non-ADHD individuals (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.24, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.39]), especially for those comorbid with epilepsy, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), and intellectual disabilities (ID). Female ADHD patients showed no relationship, except for comorbid with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or ID. We found a reduced risk of transport accidents in patients with ADHD with MPH medication than those without MPH, with a plausible dose–response relationship (aHR of 0.23 to 0.07). A similar pattern was found in self-controlled case-series analysis.

Conclusions
Male patients with ADHD, especially those comorbid with epilepsy, ODD/CD, or ID, were at high risk of transport accidents. Female patients, when comorbid with ASD or ID, also exhibited a higher risk of accidents. MPH treatment lowered the accident risk with a dose–response relationship.
Permafrost Causes Unique Fine‐Scale Spatial Variability Across Tundra Soils
Authors: Siewert M. B. , Lantuit H. , Richter A. , Hugelius G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpatial analysis in earth sciences is often based on the concept of spatial autocorrelation, expressed by W. Tobler as the first law of geography: “everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." Here, we show that subsurface soil properties in permafrost tundra terrain exhibit tremendous spatial variability. We describe the subsurface variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) and ground ice content from the centimeter to the landscape scale in three typical tundra terrain types common across the Arctic region. At the soil pedon scale, that is, from centimeters to 1–2 m, variability is caused by cryoturbation and affected by tussocks, hummocks and nonsorted circles. At the terrain scale, from meters to tens of meters, variability is caused by different generations of ice‐wedges. Variability at the landscape scale, that is, ranging hundreds of meters, is associated with geomorphic disturbances and catenary shifts. The co‐occurrence and overlap of different processes and landforms creates a spatial structure unique to permafrost environments. The coefficient of variation of SOC at the pedon scale (21%–73%) exceeds that found at terrain (17%–66%) and even landscape scale (24%–67%). Such high values for spatial variation are otherwise found at regional to continental scale. Clearly, permafrost soils do not conform to Tobler's law, but are among the most variable soils on Earth. This needs to be accounted for in mapping and predictions of the permafrost carbon feedbacks through various ecosystem processes. We conclude that scale deserves special attention in permafrost regions.
Role of Sea Fog Over the Yellow Sea on Air Quality With the Direct Effect of Aerosols
Authors: Jung Jia , Choi Yunsoo , Wong David C. , Nelson Delaney , Lee Sojin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the impact of sea fog over the Yellow Sea on air quality with the direct effect of aerosols for the entire year of 2016. Using the WRF‐CMAQ two‐way coupled model, we perform four model simulations with the up‐to‐date emission inventory over East Asia and dynamic chemical boundary conditions provided by hemispheric model simulations. During the spring of 2016, prevailing west‐southwesterly winds and anticyclones caused the formation of a temperature inversion over the Yellow Sea, providing favorable conditions for the formation of fog. The inclusion of the direct effect of aerosols enhanced its strength. On foggy days, we find dominant changes of aerosols at an altitude of 150–200 m over the Yellow Sea resulted by the production through aqueous chemistry (∼12.36% and ∼3.08% increases in sulfate and ammonium) and loss via the wet deposition process (∼‐3.79% decrease in nitrate); we also find stronger wet deposition of all species occurring in PBL. Stagnant conditions associated with reduced air temperature caused by the direct effect of aerosols enhanced aerosol chemistry, especially in coastal regions, and it exceeded the loss of nitrate. The transport of air pollutants affected by sea fog extended to a much broader region. Our findings show that the Yellow Sea acts as not only a path of long‐range transport but also as a sink and source of air pollutants. Further study should investigate changes in the impact of sea fog on air quality in conjunction with changes in the concentrations of aerosols and the climate.
The Role of Methane Transport From the Active Layer in Sustaining Methane Emissions and Food Chains in Subarctic Ponds
Authors: Olid C. , Zannella A. , Lau D. C. P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGroundwater discharge from the seasonally thawed active layer is increasingly recognized as an important pathway for delivering methane (CH4) into Arctic lakes and streams, but its contribution to CH4 emissions from thaw ponds and its influence on the trophic support and nutritional quality of pond food chains remains unexplored. We quantified the transport of CH4 from the active layer through groundwater discharge into thaw ponds in a subarctic catchment in northern Sweden, using radon (222Rn) as groundwater tracer. We analyzed stable isotopes and fatty acids of pond macroinvertebrates to evaluate the potential effects of groundwater‐mediated CH4 inputs on the aquatic food chains. Our results indicate that active layer groundwater discharge flows are nontrivial (range 6%–46% of pond volume per day) and the associated CH4 fluxes (median 339 mg C m−2day−1, interquartile range [IQR]: 179–419 mg C m−2 day−1) can sustain the diffusive CH4 emissions from most of the ponds (155 mg C m−2 day−1, IQR: 55–234 mg C m−2 day−1). Consumers in ponds receiving greater CH4 inputs from the active layer had lower stable carbon (C) isotope signatures that indicates a greater trophic reliance on methane oxidizing bacteria (MOB), and they had lower nutritional quality as indicated by their lower tissue concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Overall, this work links physical (CH4 transport from the active layer), biogeochemical (CH4 emission), and ecological (MOB‐consumer interaction) processes to provide direct evidence for the role of active layer groundwater discharge in CH4 cycling of subarctic thaw ponds.
Shedding New Light on an Enigmatic End Member of Back‐Arc Spreading: The Structure of the Grenada Basin in the Lesser Antilles
Authors: Allen R. W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs one of only two subduction zones to consume slow‐spreading Atlantic oceanic crust, and with one of the slowest convergence rates of any subduction system globally, the Lesser Antilles arc is an important end member on the subduction spectrum. Back‐arc spreading is observed at many subduction zones. Yet, despite fulfilling many of the geodynamic requirements for spreading, the tectonic processes which may have led to the formation of the 500 × 150 km Grenada back‐arc Basin remain both enigmatic and controversial. In their new publication, Padron et al. (2021) (Padron, C., Klingelhoefer, F., Marcaillou, B., Lebrun, J.‐F., Lallemand, S., Garrocq, C., et al. (2021). Deep structure of the Grenada Basin from wide‐angle seismic, bathymetric and gravity data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126, e2020JB020472. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020472) present the most expansive wide‐angle seismic data set acquired in the basin to date. In combination with other marine geophysical data the authors can map clear internal changes in crustal structure, proposing a model of oblique magmatic spreading in the southern basin. This study represents an important step, not only for understanding of the tectonic history of the eastern Caribbean region, but also toward understanding what the Lesser Antilles may be able to tell us about the complexities of back‐arc processes globally.
Construction of a reduction-responsive oligonucleotide via a post-modification approach utilizing 4-nitrophenyl diazomethane
Authors: Shirakami Nanami , Higashi Sayuri L. , Kawaki Yugo , Kitamura Yoshiaki , Shibata Aya , Ikeda Masato 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHerein, we describe the construction of a reduction-responsive oligonucleotide by post-modification of an oligonucleotide with a diazo compound bearing a 4-nitrobenzyl group as a reduction-responsive cleavable moiety. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to reveal the introduction of a 4-nitrobenzyl group to the 5′-phosphate group of an oligonucleotide, and the subsequent reduction-triggered recovery of the original oligonucleotide. The protocol used for the preparation of this reduction-responsive oligonucleotide is simple and it will have various applications in the fields of chemical and synthetic biology.
An alternative solution for α-linolenic acid supplements: in vitro digestive properties of silkworm pupae oil in a pH-stat system
Authors: Yan Cheng-Hai , Xun Xiao-Meng , Wang Jiao , Wang Jin-Zheng , You Shuai , Wu Fu-An , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2021

A brief description of the digestion system in vitro for silkworm pupae oil. Triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase. Meanwhile, the release level and a first-order kinetic model were used to investigate lipid digestion properties.
A comparison between X-shooter spectra and PHOENIX models across the HR-diagram
Authors: Lançon A. , Gonneau A. , Verro K. , Prugniel P. , Arentsen A. , Trager S. C. , Peletier R. , Chen Y.-P. , Coelho P. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Hauschildt P. , Husser T.-O. , Jain R. , Lyubenova M. , Martins L. , Sánchez Blázquez P. , Vazdekis A. 
Published: February 2021

Aims. The path towards robust near-infrared extensions of stellar population models involves the confrontation between empirical and synthetic stellar spectral libraries across the wavelength ranges of photospheric emission. Indeed, the theory of stellar emission enters all population synthesis models, even when this is only implicit in the association of fundamental stellar parameters with empirical spectral library stars. With its near-ultraviolet to near-infrared coverage, the X-shooter Spectral Library (XSL) allows us to examine to what extent models succeed in reproducing stellar energy distributions (SEDs) and stellar absorption line spectra simultaneously.
Methods. As a first example, this study compares the stellar spectra of XSL with those of the Göttingen Spectral Library, which are based on the PHOENIX synthesis code. The comparison was carried out both separately in the three arms of the X-shooter spectrograph known as UVB, VIS and NIR, and jointly across the whole spectrum. We did not discard the continuum in these comparisons; only reddening was allowed to modify the SEDs of the models.
Results. When adopting the stellar parameters published with data release DR2 of XSL, we find that the SEDs of the models are consistent with those of the data at temperatures above 5000 K. Below 5000 K, there are significant discrepancies in the SEDs. When leaving the stellar parameters free to adjust, satisfactory representations of the SEDs are obtained down to about 4000 K. However, in particular below 5000 K and in the UVB spectral range, strong local residuals associated with intermediate resolution spectral features are then seen; the necessity of a compromise between reproducing the line spectra and reproducing the SEDs leads to dispersion between the parameters favored by various spectral ranges. We describe the main trends observed and we point out localized offsets between the parameters preferred in this global fit to the SEDs and the parameters in DR2. These depend in a complex way on the position in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (HRD). We estimate the effect of the offsets on bolometric corrections as a function of position in the HRD and use this for a brief discussion of their impact on the studies of stellar populations. A review of the literature shows that comparable discrepancies are mentioned in studies using other theoretical and empirical libraries.
The pictures in our heads of certain diseases
Authors: Yüksel Erkan , Dingin Ali Emre 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Using the network analysis method, the third level of the agenda-setting proposes that the associations between
the elements on the media agenda are transferred to the public agenda. Focusing on five health issues in Turkey, this paper
proposes a new perspective to third level researches. A media agenda content analysis was conducted on 13 nationwide and five
local newspapers for six months and at the end of it, a public agenda survey on 400 people was conducted in Aydın, a city in
Turkey. Findings show that there is a significant similarity between all the diseases chosen as a sample and taken from the
newspapers and the public agenda network. The high correlation has been ranked in descending areas as: AIDS, cancer, obesity,
diabetes and blood pressure. The concepts of “need for orientation” and “obtrusive and unobtrusive issues” may serve as
explanations for these findings.
Becoming #Instafamous
Authors: Kováčová Dominika 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDrawing onGoffman’s (1990 [1959])metaphor of stage, this paper considers Instagram a frontstage environment where users are cautious of being watched and attune their performance to how they want to be perceived via strategic self-presentation. This understanding of online performance is particularly pertinent in the discussions of bloggers who turn to Instagram to promote their work to new audiences. Examining the self-presentation practices of three fashion bloggers, this paper argues that to gain popularity on Instagram, bloggers utilize the features of formality and informality in the construction of an authentic and likable self-image. Since in the photographs the bloggers’ professional life is usually depicted as distant from their audience’s reality, the accompanying textual caption serves as a means of providing balance for the overall image the poster seeks to present. Consequently, the caption abounds with features of informality, which connote linguistic immediacy and imitate an intimate conversation with peers.
Persuasive language and features of formality on the r/ChangeMyView subreddit
Authors: Dayter Daria , Messerli Thomas C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe paper investigates formal language in persuasive discourse on ther/ChangeMyViewsubreddit. We collected a corpus of 100 million messages, split into subcorpora based on the user-awarded markerdelta, which rewards changing an original poster’s view. Assuming that formality/informality is potentially an important factor in the persuasiveness of a message, we examine the two subcorpora with respect to formality markers. The results indicate no systematic variation along the formality/informality continuum between persuasive and non-persuasive posts onr/ChangeMyView. The posters use personal pronouns, suasive verbs, emphatics, imperatives, elaborate connectors and WH-questions with similar frequency, and express themselves using vocabulary and syntax of similar complexity. Moreover, keyword lists and n-gram rankings indicate no register difference. A qualitative analysis of concordance lines forpersuadeandchange PRONOUN viewpaints a picture of a community that values factual, evidence-based discourse and openness to logical persuasion, with a linguistic norm of relatively formal, sophisticated register.
Difficulties with telling the truth in non-fictive narratives and the issue of fictionalization
Authors: Filutowska Katarzyna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to discuss difficulties with telling the truth in non-fictive narratives (e.g. trauma stories, rape narratives, asylum-seekers’ narratives). In order to do that I analyze, among others, various discourse fictionalization strategies, such as emplotment, narrative substances (Nss), vague predicates, and approximate references. I argue that these strategies are conditioned by the very nature of language, and therefore are present in all types of statements – literary as well as scientific. Referring to the concept of alethic pluralism, I also discuss how it is possible that the use of fictionalization techniques in non-fictive stories does not necessarily transform them into fiction.
Prevalence and clinical association with calcinosis cutis in early systemic sclerosis
Authors: Muktabhant Chawiporn , Thammaroj Punthip , Chowchuen Prathana , Foocharoen Chingching 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Calcinosis cutis is often found with systemic sclerosis (SSc). However the calcinosis cutis and its clinical association among SSc patients is limited. Our aims were to assess the prevalence of calcinosis cutis and its association with clinical features of SSc patients at early onset of the disease.

Methods
A cross-sectional study on clinical characteristics and hand radiographs of 120 newly diagnosed SSc patients with the onset less than four years were evaluated. Calcinosis cutis was described based on the anatomical regions, density (level 1–3) and shapes (net, plate, stone, and amorphous).

Results
Among all SSc patients enrolled, 62.5% were females and 56.1% were diffuse cutaneous SSc. The mean disease duration was 2.0 ± 1.3 years. Calcinosis cutis was detected in 60 patients with the prevalence of 50% (95%confidence interval (CI), 0.41–0.59), of which 53.3% occurred at distal phalanx, 96.7% had stone shape and 48.3% were high density. Univariate analysis revealed that calcinosis cutis was associated with age (p = .02) and high-density calcinosis cutis was associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon (p = .02), ischemic ulcer (p = .04), and telangiectasis (p = .02). Logistic regression analysis revealed that calcinosis cutis at distal phalanx was negatively associated with edema at the onset (odds ratio, 0.09).

Conclusion
Occult calcinosis cutis can be detected by hand radiograph in one half of SSc patients at early onset of the disease. Elderly patient has a risk for calcinosis cutis development and Raynaud’s phenomenon was associated with high density calcinosis cutis. Calcinosis cutis, particularly at distal phalanx was less likely to be detected in an edematous phase of disease.
Phase-dependent fluctuations of resonance fluorescence near the coherent population trapping condition
Authors: de los Santos-Sánchez O , Castro-Beltrán H M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study phase-dependent fluctuations of the resonance fluorescence of a single Λ-type three-level atom in the regime near coherent population trapping, i.e. alongside the two-photon detuning condition. To this end, we employ the method of conditional homodyne detection (CHD) which considers squeezing in the weak driving regime, and extends to non-Gaussian fluctuations for saturating and strong fields. In this framework, and using estimated parameter settings of the resonance fluorescence of a single trapped 138Ba+ ion, the light scattered from the probe transitions is found to manifest a non-classical character and conspicuous asymmetric third-order fluctuations in the amplitude-intensity correlation of CHD.
Fast nuclear spin relaxation rates in tilted cone Weyl semimetals: redshift factors from Korringa relation
Authors: Mohajerani A , Faraei Z , Jafari S A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Spin lattice relaxation rate is investigated for 3D tilted cone Weyl semimetals (TCWSMs). The nuclear spin relaxation rate is presented as a function of temperature and tilt parameter. We find that the relaxation rate behaves as

(

1
−

ζ

2

)

−
α

with α ≈ 9 where 0 ⩽ ζ < 1 is the tilt parameter. We demonstrate that such a strong enhancement for ζ ≲ 1 that gives rise to very fast relaxation rates, is contributed by a new hyperfine interactions arising from the tilt itself. This can be attributed to the combination of anisotropy of the Fermi surface and an additional part related to the structure of the spacetime: extracting an effective density of states (DOS)

ρ

̃

from the Korringa relation, we show that it is related to the DOS ρ of the tilted cone dispersion by the ‘redshift factor’ as

ρ

̃

=
ρ
/

1
−

ζ

2

. We interpret this relation as NMR manifestation of an emergent underlying spacetime structure in TCWSMs.