bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nationwide Awareness Campaign and Call for Dental Screening for HHT in Germany
Authors: Geisthoff Urban W. , Hölzle Frank , Stuck Boris A. , Jackowski Jochen , Goetz Catherine Hand , Grabowski Christina , Droege Freya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: HHT is a rare, systemic, inherited disorder in which patients suffer from telangiectasias, especially of the facial skin, lips and oral mucosa, as well as visceral vascular malformations (VM). The diagnosis of HHT is often delayed for decades. However, early detection of VMs can reduce morbidity and mortality. Methods: In 2018 a nationwide awareness campaign addressing all dentists in Germany consisted of one published article and two reminders about HHT. As a proxy for the effectiveness of the campaign, researchers measured the number of first-time inquiries from patients and physicians about HHT documented by the German HHT self-help group from September 2016 until September 2019.Results: A total of 411 first contacts with the German self-help group were documented, mainly via internet platforms (internet forum (n = 130) and Facebook® (n = 189)). For 9% of those patients (n = 36/411) the physician or dentist (physician: (n = 31/36, 86%; dentist: n = 5/36, 14%) informed patients about the disease HHT and the self-help group. Before publishing the first article about HHT no dentist referred patients to the German self-help group; afterwards, 5 patients received information about HHT from their dentist and contacted the patient organization for the first time. After each publication in June, September and December 2018 the number of new contacts increased. Contacts via phone and e-mail had the highest relative increase. Conclusions: The repeated call for dental screening for HHT in Germany lead to increased awareness of this rare disease; more patients with possible HHT received information about the condition. The authors conclude that targeted campaigns may contribute to a shorter diagnostic latency resulting in increased quality of life and life expectancy in HHT. Clinical Trials.gov ID: CT03549949
Properties of SBR/NR Blend: The Effects of Carbon Black/Silica (CB/Si) Hybrid Filler and Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: G Anand , Vishvanathperumal S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the current research, investigation of natural rubber (NR)/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) reinforced with carbon black (CB)/silica (Si) and with and without silane coupling agent (Si69) was analyzed. The total hybrid filler (CB/Si) concentration in the composite was fixed at 50 phr. Cure characteristics, mechanical properties and surface morphology were examined. The addition of a silane coupling agent improves the mechanical properties of NR/SBR rubber composites reinforced with CB/Si hybrid fillers. Compared with NR/SBR composites with Si69, addition of 0/50 CB/Si resulted in 53% decrease of tensile strength and 81% increase of elongation at break, superior to that of NR/SBR composites without Si69. When Si69 was used as a binding agent, the scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the tensile fractured surface clearly shows the better dispersion of hybrid fillers in the NR/SBR matrix.
Health, wealth, and medical expenditures among the elderly in rural Tanzania: Experiences from Nzega and Igunga districts
Authors: Tungu Malale , Mujinja Phares G. , Amani Paul J. , Mwangu Mughwira A. , Kiwara Angwara D. , Lindholm Lars 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe per capita health expenditure (HE) and share of gross domestic product (GDP) spending on elderly healthcare are expected to increase. In many developing countries like Tanzania, there is an increasing gap between health needs and the available resources for elderly healthcare, which leaves the elderly with poor health conditions, especially chronic diseases. These conditions lead to catastrophic HEs for the elderly. ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse the association among health, wealth, and medical expenditure in rural residents aged 60 years and above in Tanzania. MethodsData were collected through a cross-sectional household survey to rural residents aged 60 years and above living in Nzega and Igunga districts. Standardised World Health Organization (WHO) Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) and European Quality of Life Five Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaires were used. The quality of life (QoL) was estimated using EQ-5D weights. The wealth index was generated from principal component analysis (PCA). Two linear regression analyses (outpatient/inpatient) were performed to analyse the association among health, wealth, medical expenditure, and socio-demographic variables.ResultsThis study found a negative and statistically significant association between QoL and HE, whereby HE increases with the decrease of QoL. We could not find any significant relationship between HE and social gradients. In addition, age influences HE such that as age increases, the HE for both outpatient and inpatient care also increases.ConclusionThe health system in these districts allocate resources mainly according to needs, and social position is not important. We thus conclude that the system is fair. Health, not wealth, determines the use of medical expenditures.
Interaction of Kreyellidae sp. and plant growth promoting bacteria influences the soil characteristics and root structure of rice plants
Authors: Chandarana Komal A. , Pramanik Rinka S. , Amaresan Natarajan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Plant growth and productivity depend on the complex and dynamic interaction between the plant roots and soil microflora. At present, the research on rhizosphere associated microbes’ is largely focused on bacteria and fungi; whereas the interaction of soil protists with plants and other microbes remain unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a ciliate (Kreyellidae sp. C5) and two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) i.e., Pseudomonas sp. (Ps) and Enterobacter sp. (Ec), on the growth of rice plants. It was observed that the protist-PGPB interaction significantly modified the root structure leading to an enhanced outgrowth of lateral roots (272.08% − 380.41%) and seminal roots (190.40% -250.45%), in addition to an increase in the primary root length (Turkey’s HSD, p < 0.05). The Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA) analysis indicated a striking shift in the overall soil microbial communities due to the presence of a predator. The combined treatments (with C5Ps and C5Ec) further increased the Microbial Carbon Biomass (MBC) to 223.59% and 310.57% as compared to control and PGPB treatments respectively. A similar enhancement of dehydrogenase enzyme activity was observed in soil samples of rice plants on combined treatments. In contrast, the alkaline phosphatase and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activities were recorded to be more in soil samples treated with PGPB. The combined treatment of rice plants also enhanced the uptake of N and P moderately, as compared to PGPB treated plants. However, this enhancement was significant compared to control plants. The colony-forming unit (CFU) and most probable number (MPN) was found to be more in C5Ec (131.0 ± 3.70×1011 and 5.12 ± 0.06) and C5Ps (24.10 ± 2.19×1010 and 10.52 ± 0.39), as compared to control and PGPB treated soil samples. In conclusion, this is the first study that demonstrates significant modification of root structure and increased nutrient uptake by rice plants through interaction between Kreyellidae sp. and PGPB. In addition, we also report improved respiration and diverse microbial population in soil samples on combined treatment of rice plants.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived publication pressure among academic researchers in Canada
Authors: Suart Celeste , Neuman Kaitlyn , Truant Ray 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The phenomenon of “publish-or-perish” in academia, spurred on by limited funding and academic positions, has led to increased competition and pressure on academics to publish. Publication pressure has been linked with multiple negative outcomes, including increased academic misconduct and researcher burnout. COVID-19 has disrupted research worldwide, leading to lost research time and increased anxiety amongst researchers. The objective of this study was to examine how COVID-19 has impacted perceived publication pressure amongst academic researchers in Canada. We used the revised Publication Pressure Questionnaire, in addition to Likert-type questions to discern respondents’ beliefs and concerns about the impact of COVID-19 on academic publishing. We found that publication pressure increased across academic researchers in Canada following the pandemic, with respondents reporting increased stress, increased pessimism, and decreased access to support related to publishing. Doctoral students reported the highest levels of stress and pessimism, while principal investigators had the most access to publication support. There were no significant differences in publication pressure reported between different research disciplines. Women and non-binary or genderfluid respondents reported higher stress and pessimism than men. We also identified differences in perceived publication pressure based on respondents’ publication frequency and other demographic factors, including disability and citizenship status. Overall, we document a snapshot of perceived publication pressure in Canada across researchers of different academic career stages and disciplines. This information can be used to guide the creation of researcher supports, as well as identify groups of researchers who may benefit from targeted resources.
Orthodontic patient co-operation: a review of the clinician’s role in predicting and improving patient compliance
Authors: Firth Fiona , Bennani Florence , Stacknik Suzan , Farella Mauro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This systematic narrative review outlines factors associated with patient co-operation during orthodontic treatment. The co-operation of orthodontic patients, related to oral hygiene, appliance wear, diet and appointment attendance, can be highly influential on treatment outcome and the development of a number of potential adverse effects. While each patient is an individual with unique variations, patient age, gender, socio-economic status, parental relationships and psychological factors have been regarded as potential predictors of compliance. The assessment of potential patient co-operation can be difficult. A number of predictive methods have been attempted, including survey-based scales and subjective measurements, although, at present, clinicians lack a reliable quantitative tool for co-operation determination. Through communication, clinicians may alter patient co-operation. However, an individualised, patient-centred approach and the development of a relationship between the orthodontist and the patient remain essential.
First report of Meloidogyne incognita infecting Cannabis sativa in Alabama
Authors: Lawaju Bisho R. , Groover William , Kelton Jessica , Conner Kassie , Sikora Edward , Lawrence Kathy S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a new crop in Alabama. In 2019, symptomatic plants with stunted growth, poor root development, and numerous galls were observed in hemp plants grown in Geneva County, AL. After harvest, soil samples were collected from areas with the symptomatic plants and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) were found in the soil. Based on morphological features and the polymerase chain reactions using species-specific primers, it was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. Further, a host differential test in a greenhouse assay confirmed it to be M. incognita race 3. The pathogenicity of the nematode to the hemp was confirmed by a modified version of Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. incognita infecting Cannabis sativa in Alabama.
Regenerative Potential of Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
Authors: Herbert Franklin J. , Bharathi Dhivya , Suresh Sevanthy , David Ernest , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: September 2021

:
Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that is critically challenging and progressive,
needing immediate medical attention due to its complex pathophysiology and affecting the social
status and economic burden. Stem cell therapy has been the emerging therapeutic trend to treat
various diseases for decades. Mesenchymal stem cells pose more advantages over other stem cells
in immune-modulation, immune evasiveness, self-renewal, multipotency, etc. Due to various issues
in the recent past related to allogenic transplants, ethical concerns in obtaining tissues and
adult cells, host immune response, GMP grade production and certification, cell-derived products
or cell secretome have proven to be a promising approach and have been implicated in many
studies and also in many clinical trials. Utilization of these human MSC-derived exosomes/extracellular
vesicles in spinal cord injury has also been demonstrated in many pre-clinical animal models.
It is now proven to be therapeutically more efficient and safer than cell therapy. This review focuses
on employing human MSC derived EVs for SCI and continues to elucidate the recent advances
and emerging EVs trends from other cell types. We discuss biomaterial-based synergistic intervention,
mention mimetics and nanovesicles and finally touch upon safety concerns in EV therapy.
Bioaccessibility, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potentials of Phenolic Compounds
Ultrasonically Extracted from Acerola Malpighia glabra DC Coproduct
Authors: da Silva Severino Lima Jorgiane , da Silva Larissa Morais Ribeiro , Fonteles Thatyane Vidal , de Figueiredo Evânia Altina Teixeira , Mendes Ana Erbênia Pereira , de Oliveira Souza Tobias , Campos João Osvaldo Silva , Ricardo Nágila Maria Pontes Silva , de Sousa Paulo Henrique Machado 
Published: September 2021

Background:
This study assessed the effects of solvent proportion, time and power intensity
of ultrasound processing on the extraction, bioaccessibility, antioxidant and antimicrobial
activity of phenolic compounds (PC) from acerola (Malpighia glabra DC) coproduct (ACP).

Methods:
The ultrasound process with water as a solvent in a ratio of 1:2, power intensity of 75
W/cm2 during 10 min was selected as the optimal condition to provide higher extraction of the total
phenolic compounds (4126 mg gallic acid.100 g-1 with total antioxidant activity of 98.62
μMTrolox. g-1). Power intensity and solid: solvent proportion were the parameters that increased
the total PC quantification. The main phenolic compounds from the ACP tentatively identified by
UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS were rutin, luteolin, and quercetin. Ultrasound extraction also improved
antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus (40 mg.L -1).

Results:
These results indicate that antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in the ACP phenolic extracts
are quite potent and implicate the presence of compounds with potent free-radical-scavenging
activity.

Conclusion:
It is possible to extract phenolic compounds from acerola coproducts using sustainable
“green” technology, only using water as a solvent and ultrasound processing.
The Contribution of the Internet to Reducing Social Isolation in Individuals Aged 50 Years and Older: Quantitative Study of Data From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
Authors: Silva Patrícia , Delerue Matos Alice , Martinez-Pecino Roberto 
Published: September 2021

Background
Social isolation has a negative impact on the quality of life of older people; therefore, studies have focused on identifying its sociodemographic, economic, and health determinants. In view of the growing importance of the internet as a means of communication, it is essential to assess whether internet use interferes with social isolation.

Objective
This study specifically aims to clarify the relationship between internet use and social isolation of individuals aged ≥50 years, for which other surveys present contradictory results.

Methods
We performed logistic regression analysis with social isolation as the dependent variable, internet use as the interest variable, and several other sociodemographic, economic, and health characteristics of the individuals as control variables. The sample size was 67,173 individuals aged 50 years and older from 17 European countries (Portugal, Greece, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Luxemburg, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Estonia, and Croatia) plus Israel, who were interviewed in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), wave 6.

Results
The results show that countries differ in the level of social isolation and rate of internet use by individuals aged 50 years and older. They also evidence that in most of the countries analyzed, social isolation of internet users was lower compared to that of nonusers after controlling for a set of sociodemographic, economic, and health characteristics of the individuals that have been previously described in the literature as determinants of social isolation. Indeed, on average, although 31.4% of individuals in the nonuser group experienced high social isolation, only 12.9% of individuals who used the internet experienced this condition.

Conclusions
Internet users show lower social isolation. This result underlines the importance of promoting e-inclusion in Europe as a way to counter social isolation of individuals aged 50 years and older.
Efficacy of Interventions That Incorporate Mobile Apps in Facilitating Weight Loss and Health Behavior Change in the Asian Population: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ang Siew Min , Chen Juliana , Liew Jia Huan , Johal Jolyn , Dan Yock Young , Allman-Farinelli Margaret , Lim Su Lin 
Published: September 2021

Background
Smartphone apps have shown potential in enhancing weight management in Western populations in the short to medium term. With a rapidly growing obesity burden in Asian populations, researchers are turning to apps as a service delivery platform to reach a larger target audience to efficiently address the problem.

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the efficacy of interventions that incorporate apps in facilitating weight loss and health behavior change in the Asian population.

Methods
A total of 6 databases were searched in June 2020. The eligible studies included controlled trials in which an app was used in the intervention. The participants were aged 18 years or older and were of Asian ethnicity. A meta-analysis to test intervention efficacy, subgroup analyses, and post hoc analyses was conducted to determine the effects of adding an app to usual care and study duration. The primary outcome was absolute or percentage weight change, whereas the secondary outcomes were changes to lifestyle behaviors.

Results
A total of 21 studies were included in this review, and 17 (81%) were selected for the meta-analysis. The pooled effect size across 82% (14/17) of the randomized controlled trials for weight change was small to moderate (Hedges g=–0.26; 95% CI –0.41 to –0.11), indicating slightly greater weight loss achieved in the intervention group; however, this may not be representative of long-term studies (lasting for more than a year). Supplementing multicomponent usual care with an app led to greater weight loss (Hedges g=–0.28; 95% CI –0.47 to –0.09). Asian apps were largely culturally adapted and multifunctional, with the most common app features being communication with health professionals and self-monitoring of behaviors and outcomes.

Conclusions
More evidence is required to determine the efficacy of apps in the long term and address the low uptake of apps to maximize the potential of the intervention. Future research should determine the efficacy of each component of the multicomponent intervention to facilitate the designing of studies that are most effective and cost-efficient for weight management.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42020165240; https://tinyurl.com/2db4tvn6
Augmented Reality in Physical Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Vinolo Gil Maria Jesus , Gonzalez-Medina Gloria , Lucena-Anton David , Perez-Cabezas Veronica , Ruiz-Molinero María Del Carmen , Martín-Valero Rocío 
Published: September 2021

Background
Augmented reality (AR) is a rapidly expanding technology; it comprises the generation of new images from digital information in the real physical environment of a person, which simulates an environment where the artificial and real are mixed. The use of AR in physiotherapy has shown benefits in certain areas of patient health. However, these benefits have not been studied as a whole.

Objective
This study aims to ascertain the current scientific evidence on AR therapy as a complement to physiotherapy and to determine the areas in which it has been used the most and which variables and methods have been most effective.

Methods
A systematic review registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) recommendations. The search was conducted from July to August 2021 in the PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library scientific databases using the keywords augmented reality, physiotherapy, physical therapy, exercise therapy, rehabilitation, physical medicine, fitness, and occupational therapy. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network scale to determine the degree of recommendation. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias.

Results
In total, 11 articles were included in the systematic review. Of the 11 articles, 4 (36%) contributed information to the meta-analysis. Overall, 64% (7/11) obtained a good level of evidence, and most had a B degree of recommendation of evidence. A total of 308 participants were analyzed. Favorable results were found for the Berg Balance Scale (standardized mean change 0.473, 95% CI −0.0877 to 1.0338; z=1.65; P=.10) and the Timed Up and Go test (standardized mean change −1.211, 95% CI −3.2005 to 0.7768; z=−1.194; P=.23).

Conclusions
AR, in combination with conventional therapy, has been used for the treatment of balance and fall prevention in geriatrics, lower and upper limb functionality in stroke, pain in phantom pain syndrome, and turning in place in patients with Parkinson disease with freezing of gait. AR is effective for the improvement of balance; however, given the small size of the samples and the high heterogeneity of the studies, the results were not conclusive. Future studies using larger sample sizes and with greater homogeneity in terms of the devices used and the frequency and intensity of the interventions are needed.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020180766; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=180766
How Many Simultaneous Audit Committee Memberships Are Too Many?
Authors: Carmenate Jimmy , Crews Cori O. , Sharma Vineeta D. , Sparger John R. 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARY
Recent research by D. Sharma, V. Sharma, Tanyi, and Cheng (2020) provides new insight into directors serving on multiple public company audit committees. Specifically, they investigate how an individual audit committee director serving on multiple audit committees is related to companies' cost of equity capital. Their evidence suggests that serving on multiple audit committees is viewed positively by investors up to a certain point, but beyond that point investors become concerned. This turning point, on average, is 3.5 audit committees for retired directors and 1.5 audit committees for directors in full-time employment. These results have implications for numerous stakeholders including investors, proxy advisors, boards, nominating committees, stock exchanges, and policymakers. They also have implications for future research.