bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gelation and foaming properties of fatty acid mixtures in sunflower oil
Authors: Zheng Ruting , Zheng Qianwang , Hu Bingjie , Cao Yong , Lan Yaqi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe development of lipid‐lowering products has become the focus of the food industry due to increasing consumer awareness of the relationship between diet and health. Recently, edible oleofoams have drawn attention due to their enormous potential in reformulating food products with reduced fat content and unique mouth feel.RESULTSWe have developed an edible oleofoam system by whipping oleogel composed of fatty acid mixtures in sunflower oil. The crystal morphology, gelation properties, and foaming properties of these oleogels could be tailored by changing the ratio of stearic acid (SA) and myristic acid (MA). Specifically, SA/MA = 2:8 (2S8M) was demonstrated to have superior foaming capability and foam stability, likely due to the densely packed and uniformly distributed crystals formed at this fatty acid ratio. Small lipid crystals in 2S8M absorbed to the air–oil interface more efficiently, and together with the strengthened network established in the bulk phase, helped stabilize the foam structure. As a result, the 2S8M oleofoam showed excellent foaming properties: strong plasticity, significantly increased overrun (up to 63.56 ± 2.58%), and significantly improved foam stability. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the diffraction pattern observed for 2S8M samples at d‐spacing of 4.20 and 3.79 Å was related to the characteristic peak of β' type crystals, which were responsible for the enhanced foaming capability of 2S8M oleogels. Oleophobic property of 2S8M increased, as indicated by wettability in oil phase, which could possibly drive crystals to the air–oil interface.CONCLUSIONSThese results highlighted the importance of lipid crystal morphology in determining the whippability of oleogels. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of hexanoic acid on microbial communities, fermentation, and hygienic quality of corn silages infested with toxigenic fungi
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Yang Xin , Li Junfeng , Dong Zhihao , Zhao Jie , Shao Tao , Yuan Xianjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aims to reveal the effects of hexanoic acid on the microbial communities, fermentation, and the hygienic quality of corn silages with or without fungal infection. Fungal‐infested (FI) and non‐infested (NFI) whole‐crop corn samples were separately ensiled without (control, CON) or with hexanoic acid (Hex, 90% purity) at 0.2 g·kg−1 fresh weight (FW).RESULTThe addition of Hex accelerated the pH decline during the first 5 days of ensiling regardless of fungal infestation. The lactic acid (LA) concentration in Hex silages was lower than that in CON during 45 days of ensiling; however the FI‐Hex silage had the highest LA concentration among treatments on day 90. The Hex silage showed lower aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations than CON for FI silages. On day 5, the addition of Hex decreased the relative abundance of Klebsiella, Pantoea, and Enterobacter compared with CON, regardless of fungal infestation. This inhibitory effect lasted until day 90 for NFI silages but disappeared for FI silages on day 90. The fungal infestation resulted in the accumulation of Candida (34.05%) and Wickerhamomyces (19.46%). Hex decreased the relative abundance of Asperigillus, Issatchenkia, and Penicillium for NFI silages on day 5; however, its inhibitory effects were not observed in FI silages on day 5.CONCLUSIONFungal infestation was associated with poor fermentation and hygienic quality of corn silage. Adding Hex accelerated the pH decline and maintained the antifungal activity until 90 days of ensiling, attenuating adverse effects of fungal infestation on the fermentation and preventing the accumulation of mycotoxins in corn silages. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Near‐Term Cerebroplacental Doppler, Heart Morphology, and Neonatal Biometry in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Wójtowicz Anna , Ochoda‐Mazur Agnieszka , Mroczek Tomasz , Huras Hubert , Włoch Agata 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo analyze near‐term cerebroplacental Doppler, heart morphology, and neonatal biometry in isolated hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) relative to healthy controls.MethodsThis retrospective study included 55 fetuses with HLHS (29 with mitral valve stenosis [MS]/aortic valve atresia [AA], 14 with MS/aortic valve stenosis, and 12 with mitral valve atresia [MA]/[AA]) diagnosed prenatally between 2010 and 2019 at 2 referral centers and 101 healthy controls. Ultrasound assessment included umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI), and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), with neonatal weight, length, head circumference (HC), Apgar score, and UA pH measured at birth.ResultsIn total, 32.7% of HLHS fetuses had abnormal MCA‐PI and UA‐PI, and 38.2% had CPRs below the fifth percentile before birth. All tested Doppler parameters differed from those of the healthy controls (P ≤ .01). Birth weight and length were comparable between HLHS and control fetuses, whereas birth HCs were smaller in the HLHS group than in the control group (P = .018). In both groups, increased UA‐PI correlated with lower birth weight, but only HLHS fetuses with UA‐PI > the 95th percentile had a lower median HC at birth than those with normal UA‐PI (P = .045). The median UA‐PI percentile was higher in fetuses with MA than in fetuses with MS (P = .015). The ascending aortic diameter correlated with birth weight (P = .036) and birth length (P = .039).ConclusionAbnormal cerebroplacental hemodynamics are evident in a high percentage of near‐term fetuses with HLHS, and increased placental resistance may contribute to birth weight and HC. Moreover, heart morphology may impact placental circulation and neonatal biometry.
Effect of a new amido‐imidazolium compound as a clay modifier on properties of polypropylene composites
Authors: Piechota Katarzyna , Czaja Krystyna , Bączek Marcin , Kudła Stanisław , Groch Paweł , Kosno Jacek 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHalloysite nanotubes (HNT) and montmorillonite (Mt) were modified by a novel, dicarboxylic fatty acid substituted amido‐imidazolium chloride. It was found that the modification process of the clays by the imidazolium compound improved their dispersion in the polymer matrix, while HNT were a more beneficial filler of PP than Mt. PP/imidazolium modified HNT composites (PP/HNT‐M) showed significant increase in thermo‐oxidative stability, flexibility, and toughness, combined with a slight reduction in stiffness, as well as a lack of changes in crystallinity and strength, compared with neat PP. These effects were not observed for PP/Mt composites. The formation of strong interactions between the imidazolium compound and tubes' surfaces was supposed to be responsible for the more advantageous properties of PP/HNT‐M composites.
Influence of yarn structure and coating on the mechanical performance of continuous viscose fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Ungerer Bernhard , Müller Ulrich , Pramreiter Maximilian , Herrero Acero Enrique , Veigel Stefan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the effect of selected structural parameters on the mechanical performance of regenerated cellulose composites. The experimental setup comprised continuous viscose (rayon) yarns embedded in a matrix of epoxy resin. Mechanical and microscopic characterizations involved comparing the following: yarns consisting of untwisted filaments and twisted warp and weft yarns taken from a plain weave fabric, yarns with and without avivage (fiber finish), as well as yarns with and without an acrylic coating. During the epoxy treatment, samples were either prestressed or laid horizontally to preserve the original yarn structure. Tensile tests revealed that yarn crimp had a significant impact on the strength properties of composite specimens, a higher crimp ratio leading to a decrease in performance. Applying prestress to crimped yarns has proven to be an effective way to enable straight alignment in the loading direction, which is essential for the design of stiffness‐ and strength‐optimized yarn composites. Unlike an avivage, which did not markedly affect the mechanical properties of composite yarns, the application of an acrylic coating prior to resin impregnation was found to provide significantly increased extensibility and more ductile fracture behavior.
Elucidating the effect of Vx doped LaFe1−xO3 for advanced optical, spintronic, and thermoelectric devices
Authors: Mubarak A. A. , Tariq Saad , Alsobhi B. O. , Hamioud Farida , Alrashdi Ayash O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this theoretical work, we perform an investigation to study the influence of V doping in LaFeO3 (LFO). For V doping, the opted Fe site shows remarkable modifications in the inherited attributes of pristine LFO. We use formation energies and optimizations to explore the ground state structural stability. Electronic properties of stable structures reveal large spin polarization effects with spin‐up (metallic) and spin‐down (semiconducting) configurations. We observe the highest ferromagnetism for V‐25% doping which is a suitable candidate for application in magnetic tunnel junctions. Optical analysis reveals that the studied materials are highly transparent under incident light. All thermoelectric results suggest that the compounds can be categorized as p‐type doping. The thermoelectric parameters predict that the present compounds have beneficial thermoelectric industrial applications, especially V0.25‐LFO and V0.5‐LFO. We expect that these compounds are suitable functional materials for novel magnetic or spintronic devices and as transparent conducting materials.
Typification of the Linnaean name Illecebrum paronychia (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Linnaean name Illecebrum paronychia is discussed and lectotypified with a specimen at LINN. Additional original material was found at BM. Another specimen at LINN, although referable to I. paronychia, cannot be considered original material. Paronychia argentea was introduced by Lamarck as a replacement name for I. paronychia and is the type of the genus Paronychia. The lectotype conforms to the characters in the protologue and the current delimitation of P. argentea.
Preliminary study on the toxicological response of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on landfill leachate treated with Tin(IV) chloride and Jatropha curcas
Authors: Zainal Sharifah Farah Fariza Syed , Aziz Hamidi Abdul , Ramli Siti Fatihah , Omar Fatehah Mohd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the toxicity levels of the coagulation and flocculation process on raw and treated leachate using acute toxicity tests. Tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) and the Jatropha curcas (JC) seed were used as coagulant and coagulant aid to remove concentrated suspended solids, SS (534 mg/L), color (19,297 Pt‐Co), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (4188 mg/L) in a stabilized landfill leachate. The toxicity effects on local red tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated, which involved three main steps, namely, acclimatization, range‐finding test, and short‐term definitive test. The presence of JC seed (0.9 g/L) as a flocculant reduced the dosage of SnCl4 from 11.1 to 8.5 g/L and exhibited good removals of 99.78%, 98.53%, and 74.29%, respectively, for SS, color, and COD. The toxicity test indicated that only five fish died in the first 12 h for the treated sample compared with seven deaths for untreated leachate. In 96 h, a total of 42 and 31 mortality rates were noted for the raw and treated leachate samples, respectively. The treated sample could reduce the toxicity effects to the tested tilapia fish and is safe to be discharged at appropriate dilution concentrations.Practitioner points

Coagulation‐flocculation by Tin (IV) chloride and Jatropha Curcas (JC) was investigated.
Almost complete reduction of SS was obtained at 8.5 g/L of SnCl4 and 0.9 g/L of JC as flocculant.
The toxicity effect was evaluated using red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish as the indicator.
Treated leachate was considered acceptable as the number of dead fish was lower than the untreated leachate.
Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee: review of current concepts and radiological differential diagnoses
Authors: Ochi Junko , Nozaki Taiki , Nimura Akimoto , Yamaguchi Takehiko , Kitamura Nobuto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSubchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee (SIFK) is a common cause of knee joint pain in older adults. SIFK is a type of stress fracture that occurs when repetitive and excessive stress is applied to the subchondral bone. If the fracture does not heal, the lesion develops into osteonecrosis and results in osteochondral collapse, requiring surgical management. Because of these clinical features, SIFK was initially termed “spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK)” in the pre-MRI era. SONK is now categorized as an advanced SIFK lesion in the spectrum of this disease, and some authors believe the term “SONK” is a misnomer. MRI plays a significant role in the early diagnosis of SIFK. A subchondral T2 hypointense line of the affected condyle with extended bone marrow edema-like signal intensity are characteristic findings on MRI. The large lesion size and the presence of osteochondral collapse on imaging are associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis. However, bone marrow edema-like signal intensity and osteochondral collapse alone are not specific to SIFK, and other osteochondral lesions, including avascular necrosis, osteochondral dissecans, and osteoarthritis should be considered. Chondral lesions and meniscal abnormalities, including posterior root tears, are also found in many patients with SIFK, and they are considered to be related to the development of SIFK. We review the clinical and imaging findings, including the anatomy and terminology history of SIFK, as well as its differential diagnoses. Radiologists should be familiar with these imaging features and clinical presentations for appropriate management.
Automated determination of interfacial tension and contact angle using computer vision for oil field applications
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Pandey Anurag , Kesarwani Himanshu , Sharma Shivanjali , Saxena Amit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContact angle and surface tension are the two most widely used surface analysis approaches for reservoir fluid characterization in petroleum industries. The pendant drop method has among the most widely used techniques for the estimation of surface tension. The present work utilizes a python-based computer program to automatically determine interfacial tension (IFT) and contact angle from the pendant drop image acquired from a typical pendant drop apparatus. The proposed program uses python-based image processing libraries for the analysis of the pendant drop image. Also, the program is tested on images acquired from the standard solutions for the IFT and contact angle calculation showing promising results with a standard deviation of less than 1.7 mN/m.
Human Dignity in the Mechanics of Claims
Authors: Poscher Ralf 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mechanics of claims focusses predominantly on the claim to life. The claim to life is rooted in the autonomy principle, just like other specific claims. Still, the mechanics of claims does not have a systematic place for the fundamental negation of the status as an autonomous being as such. It is, however, the proctiction of the status as such, which is at the center of the protection of human dignity in German constitutional law. Looked at it from this perspective, the protection of human dignity as the protection of the status of an autonomous human being, appears to be a blind spot of the mechanics of claims. The comment attempts to show, how this blindspot leads to inconsistencies in the mechanics of claims, and how they might be ameliorated if human dignity is considered as an absolute right independent of the claims to life.
Litter Quality and Microbes Explain Aggregation Differences in a Tropical Sandy Soil
Authors: Laub Moritz , Schlichenmeier Samuel , Vityakon Patma , Cadisch Georg 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil aggregates store most soil organic carbon (SOC), but how does litter quality influence their formation? We hypothesized varying litter quality to facilitate differences in aggregate formation by altering the seasonal development of microbial biomass (MB) C and N, with MB driving aggregate development in a tropical sandy soil in Thailand. Aggregate development was studied in a long-term fallow experiment, receiving 10 Mg ha−1 annual applications of rice (Oryza sativa) straw (low N and polyphenols (PP)), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) stover (high N, low PP), tamarind (Tamarindus indica) litter (medium N and PP), or dipterocarp (Dipterocarpus tuberculatus) leaf litter (low N, high PP) compared to a control. N-rich litter from groundnut and tamarind led to significantly higher MB, bulk soil C and aggregate C than dipterocarp, rice straw, and the control. Bulk soil C and small macroaggregates C of N-rich litter treatments increased about 7% in 30 weeks. Increasing MB N explained increasing small macroaggregate C and both, MB C or N were important covariates explaining temporal variations of C stored in themicroaggregates, in silt and clay. MB also explained temporal variations of aggregate fraction weights. With time, SMA C only increased in the N-rich groundnut and tamarind treatments, but decreased in other treatments. Connections of MB to aggregate C and weight substantiated the importance of microbial activity for aggregate formation and carbon sequestration. By promoting MB for longest time spans, medium-quality tamarind could best facilitateaggregate formation, and increase silt and clay C.
Characteristics of Inpatients with False-Negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR Test Results
Authors: Kraft Antigone , Ridgway Jessica , Mackenzie Erica , Hazra Aniruddha , Collison Maggie , Oehler Cassandra , Kumar Madan 
Published: November 2021

Background: At our institution, the concern for false-negative nasopharyngeal testing for SARS-CoV-2 at the onset of illness led to a general policy of retesting inpatients at 48 hours. For such patients, 2 negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results were required prior to discontinuation of COVID-19 control precautions. To assess the utility of routine repeat testing We analyzed patients presenting to our hospital who initially tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 but were found to be positive on repeated testing. Methods: All inpatients with symptoms concerning for COVID-19 were tested via nasopharyngeal sample for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR on admission. Patients with continued symptoms and no alternative diagnosis were retested 48 hours later. Testing was performed using either the Roche cobas SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay or the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 test. Between March 17, 2020, and May 10, 2020, we retrospectively analyzed data from patients with false-negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results who were subsequently confirmed positive 48 hours later. We evaluated demographic information, days since symptom onset, symptomatology, chest imaging, vital sign trends, and the overall clinical course of each patient. Results: During the study period, 14,683 tests were performed, almost half (n = 7,124) were performed through the ED and in the inpatient setting. Of 2,283 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, only 19 (0.01%) initially tested negative. Patients with initial false-negative test results presented with symptoms that ranged from fever and dyspnea to fatigue and vomiting. Notably, few patients presented “early” in their disease (median, 6 days; range, 0–10 days). However, patients with initial false-negative PCR test results did seem to have consistent imaging findings, specifically bilateral bibasilar ground glass opacities on chest radiograph or computed tomography scan. Conclusions: Among inpatients with COVID-19, we found a very low rate of initial false-negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results, which were not consistently related to premature testing. We also identified common radiographic findings among patients with initially false-negative test results, which could be useful in triaging patients who may merit retesting. Based on these data, we revised our existing clearance criteria to allow for single-test removal of COVID-19 precautions. Evaluating subsequent reduction in unnecessary testing is difficult given changing community prevalence, increased census, and increased opening to elective procedures. However, given the significant percentage of ED and inpatient testing, removal of repeated testing has likely resulted in a reduction of several thousand unnecessary COVID-19 tests monthly.Funding: NoDisclosures: None
Antimicrobial Stewardship-Driven Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Program for COVID-19 Patients in the Bronx, New York
Authors: Guo Yi , Chen Victor , Allen Lauren , Cowman Kelsie , Hopkins Una , Sheridan Carol , Torres Edwin A , Davis Patricia , Sakalian Susan , Sosnowski Frank , Nori Priya , Pirofski Liise-anne , Haviland Adam , Rossi James , Bao Hongkai (Jack) 
Published: November 2021

Background: In November 2020, bamlanivimab received emergency use authorization (EUA) to treat patients with early, mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of progression. Montefiore Medical Center serves an economically underserved community of >1.4 million residents in the Bronx, New York. Montefiore’s antimicrobial stewardship team (AST) developed a multidisciplinary treatment pathway for patients meeting EUA criteria: (1) outpatients and hospital associates and (2) acute-care patients (EDs or inpatient). Methods: The Montefiore AST established a centralized process for screening high-risk COVID-19 patients 7 days a week. Referrals were sent by e-mail from occupational health, primary care practices, specialty practices, emergency departments, and urgent care centers. Patients were screened in real time and were treated in the ED or a newly established infusion center within 24 hours. After infusion, all patients received phone calls from nurses and had an infectious diseases televisit. Demographics, clinical symptoms, subsequent ED visit or hospital admission, and timing from infusion to ED or hospitalization were obtained from the electronic health record. Results: In total, 281 high-risk patients (median age, 62 years; 57% female) received bamlanivimab at the infusion center or in the acute-care setting between December 2, 2020, and January 27, 2021 (Table 1). The number of treated patients increased weekly (Figure 1). Also, 62% were Hispanic or black, and 96% met EUA criteria. Furthermore, 51 (18%) were referred from occupational health, 205 (73%) were referred from the community, and 25 (9%) were inpatients (https://www.fda.gov/media/143605/download). All patients were successfully infused without adverse reactions. In addition, 23 patients (8.2%) were hospitalized and 6 (2.1%) visited EDs within 30 days of treatment. The average number of days between symptom onset and infusion was 4.9. The median age of admitted versus nonadmitted patients was 68 years versus 61.5 years (P = .07). Conclusions: An AST-coordinated bamlanivimab treatment program successfully treated multiple high-risk COVID-19 patients and potentially reduced hospitalizations. However, the effort, personnel, and resources required are significant. Dedicated hospital investment is necessary for maximal success.Funding: NoDisclosures: None