bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant formula increases bone turnover favoring bone formation (1027.8)
Authors: Chen Jin‐Ran , Andres Aline , Lazarenko Oxana , Ronis Martin , Badger Thomas 
Published: June 2021

In the first year of life, the major infant food choices have traditionally been breast milk (BM), cow’s milk formula (MF) or soy formula (SF). Studies examining the effects of infant formula on early life skeletal development are extremely limited. We have enrolled 120 healthy 6‐month‐old infants who were fed BM (n=40), MF (n=40) or SF (n=40), and studied bone turnover markers in urine. Bone formation marker osteocalcin which is only secreted by osteoblasts was measured by a urine ELISA kit generated in our laboratory. Bone resorption marker, collagen crosslink N‐terminal telopeptide (NTx), was measured using a commercial kit. While there were no significant differences between MF and SF groups in bone formation and resorption markers, osteocalcin was substantially increased in both MF and SF groups compared to those from BM group (p < 0.01). NTx was also increased (p < 0.05) but to a lesser degree. We reproduced these results in a piglet animal model where male and female neonatal piglets (n=6 per group) were fed BM, MF or SF for 20 days. There were no gender differences in increased osteocalcin in MF and SF groups in urine compared to those from BM group. Increased bone mass was associated with urinary osteocalcin in MF and SF piglet groups. These results suggest increased bone turnover favoring more bone formation occurs in formula‐fed compared to breast‐fed infants. Supported in part by ARS CRIS #6251‐51000‐005‐03S.Grant Funding Source: ARS CRIS #6251‐51000‐005‐03S
Effects of aerobic or resistance exercise training in the management of genetic predisposition to obesity (1028.6)
Authors: Sartori Michelle , Santos Fernando , De Angelis Katia , Irigoyen Maria 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to compare aerobic and resistance exercise training effects on, metabolic and autonomic parameters in youth obese mice. Female ob/ob mice (4 weeks) were randomized into: sedentary (OS, n=11), aerobic trained (OA, n=8) (treadmill,5 days/w, 60 min/d, during 8 wks) and resistance trained (OR, n=8) (ladder climb, 5 days/w, during 8 wks) groups. Blood glucose Glucose tolerance test and glycemia were evaluated. Blood pressure (BP) signals were directly recorded using a data acquisition system. The OA and OR groups had higher treadmill exercise capacity (TT) and maximum strength test (ladder) (ST) than the OS group. However, the OA showed increase in TT in relation to the OR animals, as well as the OR showed greater strength compared OA group. OA and OR groups had reduced body weight and blood glucose (OA:45±2g and 133±3mg/dL, OR: 46±1g and 155±9mg/dL) compared to OS group (50±2g and 169±8mg/dL). Mean BP and heart rate were similar between groups. The trained groups showed an increase in cardiac parasympathetic modulation (pulse interval variance and RMSSD) compared with sedentary mice. The BP variability and the low frequency band of BP were higher in the OS (30±2 and 9±1mmHg2) compared to the OA (14±2 and 5±1mmHg2) and OR (15±2 and 5±1mmHg2) groups. Moreover, the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, represented by alpha index, was lower in the sedentary group (1.2±0.3 ms/mmHg) compared to the trained groups (OA:1.9±0.2, OR:2.2±0.6ms/mmHg). Thus, our results suggest that physical training during lifespan, regardless of resistance or aerobic exercise, can be effective in attenuating the metabolic and autonomic dysfunctions associated with obesity in mice.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPESP 2011/20859‐0
The role of hepcidin in the pathogenesis of anemia in Zimbabwean infants (1034.1)
Authors: Mupfudze Tatenda , Stoltzfus Rebecca , Rukobo Sandra , Moulton Lawrence , Humprey Jean , Prendergast Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Anemia is common in sub‐Saharan African infants, particularly in the context of HIV infection. Hepcidin is the major hormone regulating iron metabolism but its role in the pathogenesis of anemia during infancy is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize hepcidin concentrations in anemic and non‐anemic infants and in HIV‐infected and HIV‐exposed uninfected (HEU) infants. Archived plasma samples from HIV‐unexposed (n=289), HIV‐exposed uninfected (HEU; n=354) and HIV‐infected (n=264) anemic and non‐anemic Zimbabwean infants at 3, 6 and 12mo of age were used to measure hepcidin, ferritin, transferrin receptor, AGP and CRP by ELISA. We undertook multivariate analysis of hepcidin, HIV and anemia status, adjusting for sex and age. Hepcidin concentrations were higher in HIV‐infected compared to HEU and HIV‐unexposed groups throughout infancy and higher in HEU compared to HIV‐unexposed infants. Hepcidin concentrations were correlated with levels of ferritin and CRP. Overall, anemia was not associated with hepcidin concentrations during infancy, except in HIV‐unexposed infants. Hepcidin declined with age in all groups; girls had higher hepcidin concentrations than boys. Plasma hepcidin concentrations are positively associated with inflammation in infants, as has been shown in adults. Future studies should explore whether elevated hepcidin contributes to the pathogenesis of HIV infection.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1021542); Department for International Develo
Novel aerobic bacteria: isoflvones‐biotransformation of Pueraria radix extract (1034.8)
Authors: Kim Inhye , Kwon Jung‐Eun , Koo Hyun Jung , Park Tae‐Ho , Sohn Eun‐Hwa , Jang Seon‐A , Kim Haeng‐Ran , Kang Se Chan 
Published: June 2021

Background: Daidzen and puerarin are the most common dietary isoflavones in Pueraria radix. Equol is an isoflavandiol metabolized from daidzin and puerarin by bacterial flora in the intestines. The metabolites of isoflavones play a key role in the availability of these compounds in the intestine. Aim: This study was therefore to screen human intestinally derived bacteria for the ability to produce equol or its derivatives from daidzein in the root of P. lobata (Wild.) Ohwi. Methods: To compare the conversion abilities of selected bacteria by different concentrations of P. lobata, we cultured the bacteria for 24 h in the GAM supplemented to 2.0% P. lobata. Results: We selected a strictly aerobic bacterium from candidate which converted daidzin to equol as well as puerarin to equol. The isolate was able to convert the isoflavones, daidzein to equol, equol precursors and derivates. Conclusions: This study was conducted with producing equol using P. lobata, good sources that an abundant precursor of equol, fermented by the newly selected microbes. This study was carried out with the support of cooperative research program for Agricultural Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ008398022013), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.Grant Funding Source: This study was supported by cooperative research program for RDA (PJ008398022013)
Enrolling the care‐givers to improve chronic stroke patients' social activity and nutrition ő a randomized controlled trial (1035.5)
Authors: Wang Tzu Chi , Tsai Alan C , Wang Jiun‐Yi , Lin Bei Yi , Chen Jiun Jiang , Lin Ko‐Long 
Published: June 2021

Background and purpose: Most stroke patients have incomplete recovery when return home. We evaluated the possibility of helping the stroke patients return to normal life through improving caregiver’s care capabilities. Methods: We conducted a 12‐week single‐blind randomized controlled trial in 51 chronic stroke patients (>6 months and Brunnstrom Scale III‐V) recruited from the neurology or rehabilitation unit of hospitals in southern Taiwan. Patients and caregivers in the intervention arm (N25) were given private weekly 2‐hour home‐training on care and rehabilitation skills by an independent physical therapist. Subjects (N26) in the control arm received comparable contact without training. All patients were measured with Fugl‐Meyer Motor scale, Return‐to‐Normal Life scale, CES‐D, and Mini Nutritional Assessment at baseline and endpoint. Caregivers were assessed with the Caregiver Burden scale. Results: The intervention improved the Fugl‐Meyer balance score, Return‐to Normal Life index, leisure activity, and nutritional status, but slightly increased caregivers’ burden of isolation. Conclusions: The intervention is effective in improving stroke patients' life participation, nutritional status and return‐to‐normal life score. Application of this program should probably save healthcare costs.Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Science Council of Taiwan
Food perception and neurocorrelates of evoked brain activity (1040.3)
Authors: Thaw Andrew , Graves Emily 
Published: June 2021

Implicit association tests (IAT’s) have been used in a variety of paradigms to assess processing of information, typically by pairing images or words with compatible or incompatible matching words. IAT’s have been used to reveal biases, or at the very least, conflicting decision making, when it comes to categorizing stimuli.Here, we examined the results of IAT’s that contained images of specific foods and accompanying words that were either positive or negative. The aim was to determine if bias for/against certain foods existed and if such biases could be correlated with gender, self‐perception, dieting status, etc. Initial analysis reveals patterns of response bias, especially to foods considered tasty but unhealthy.Additionally, subjects who participated in the IAT’s were re‐tested at a later date using different food images. During this re‐test, participants were fitted with an Emotiv EEG Headset to track neural activity during the IAT. Specific regional brain activity was assessed to determine the pattern of general evoked potentials. Correlations between brain activity and IAT results were calculated to determine the involvement of working memory. Differences in the IAT results of participants paired with unique patterns of EEG activity point to a possible difference in neural activity dependent upon the participant’s specific biometric profile.Grant Funding Source: Millsaps College Ford Fellowship Program
Neusilin® influences curcumin bioavailability and anti‐depressant efficacy in rats (1044.17)
Authors: Xie Liyang , Yohn Samantha , Salamone John , Bogner Robin , Bolling Bradley 
Published: June 2021

Curcumin has been used to treat depression‐related disorders, but its low bioavailability may limit its efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine if Neusilin increases the acute bioavailability and anti‐depressant activity of curcumin. Fisher F344 rats were fed with either 80 or 160 mg curcumin/kg with or without co‐ground Neusilin 2 h before sacrifice. Curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin and demethoxycurcumin were extracted from small intestine and brain tissues and analyzed by UHPLC‐MS. Rats fed with 160 mg curcumin/kg weight with Neusilin had 51 ± 23 µg curcumin/g SI, which was at least 6‐fold higher than the other 3 treatments (P <0.001). In the brain, curcumin content ranged from 29 to 64 ng/g brain and was not significantly different between treatments despite differences in bioactivity (P = 0.6477). Curcumin, but not Neusilin‐formulated curcumin inhibited tetrabenazine‐induced depressive behavior (i.e., effort‐related motivational impairments) at 160 mg/kg. Thus, Neusilin formulation enhanced small intestine, but not brain curcumin bioavailability, and did not acutely improve treatment efficacy. This suggests mechanisms beyond intestinal solubility and absorption limit curcumin’s anti‐depressant efficacy.Grant Funding Source: Supported by University of Connecticut Diet and Health Initiative
Peptide from α’ chain of 7S soy globulin lowers plasma lipids through SREBP‐2 and PCSK9 pathways in cholesterol‐fed rats (1045.17)
Authors: Lovati Maria , Parolari Anna , Castiglioni Silvia , Manzoni Cristina 
Published: June 2021

Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of NPDNDE, a synthetic peptide (position 314‐319) of α’ chain 7S soy globulin, on cholesterol homeostasis both in HepG2 cells and in casein‐cholesterol (HC diet) fed rats. In vitro experiment: Hep G2 cells were incubated (24 h) in MEM + 5% LPDS w/wo whole α’ subunit (3.5 μM), or synthetic peptide (0.1 µM), or simvastatin (1 μM). At the end of incubation, cells were processed for SREBP2, LDL‐R and PCSK9 mRNAs by RT‐PCR. Increased mRNA expression of SREBP2 (+1.5; 1.2 fold), LDL‐R (+2.5; 2.5 fold) and PCSK9 (+3.5; +1.5 fold) were detected in cells exposed to NPDNDE and simvastatin, respectively vs control cells. In vivo experiment: HC diet fed rats were daily treated by gavage with synthetic peptide NPDNDE (5 mg/Kg b.w.) for 21 days; the results were compared with that obtained in rats treated either with whole α’ (20 mg/Kg b.w.) or clofibrate (200 mg/kg b.w.), as reference drug. The oral administration of peptide resulted in lower plasma lipid levels (C, cholesterol, ‐25%; TG, triglycerides, ‐28%) vs values recorded in rats fed casein‐cholesterol diet alone. Four‐fold amounts of α’ chain reduced C and TG by 27 and 32%, respectively. Similar results were obtained in clofibrate‐treated rats. Moreover, synthetic peptide increased expression of mRNA LDL‐R (+ 53%), thus restoring receptor activity suppressed by HC diet. This is the first in vivo evidence of potential activity of the NPDNDE synthetic peptide from α’chain 7S soy globulin on lipid homeostasis through SREBP‐2 and PCSK9 pathways.Grant Funding Source: MIUR of Italy
Inhibition of individual subunits of maltase‐glucoamylase and sucrase‐isomaltase by polyphenols (1045.26)
Authors: Simsek Meric , Quezada‐Calvillo Roberto , Nichols Buford , Hamaker Bruce 
Published: June 2021

Some polyphenols inhibit the activities of the four subunits of intestinal α‐glucosidases, maltase‐glucoamylase (Mgam) and sucrase‐isomaltase (Si). The use of polyphenols as modulators of the rate of glucose release from starchy foods has been proposed for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The inhibitory properties of polyphenols on individual C‐terminal (Ct) and N‐terminal (Nt) subunits of each Mgam and Si have not been studied, limiting their use in a rational way. Our objective was to determine the inhibitory properties of caffeic acid, gallic acid, (+)‐catechin hydrate (CH), chlorogenic acid (CA) and (‐) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on maltase activity of the recombinant individual subunits. Activities were measured by Tris glucose‐oxidase method, and the inhibition reactions were performed in presence of 2.1‐16.67 mM maltose and 0‐667 µM of each individual polyphenol. All studied polyphenols showed mixed type inhibition. EGCG and CA showed the lowest inhibition constants (Ki1 and Ki2) for Ct‐Mgam and Ct‐Si, with values in the range of 3‐28 µM. The highest inhibition capacity for Nt‐Mgam and Nt‐Si was shown by CH in the range of 20.4‐97.2 µM. EGCG and CA can be effective in controlling glucose release by inhibiting the highly active Ct‐Mgam and Ct‐Si α‐glucosidic activities. The selective inhibition of Ct and Nt subunits opens the possibility for using specific polyphenols or their combinations to modulate the functions of Mgam and Si for the digestion of starches.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CONACyT Mexico
The okra skin extract and its cholesterol‐lowering activities ő in vitro study (1045.28)
Authors: Mäkynen Kittana , Ngamukote Sathaporn , Adisakwattana Sirichai , Saligupta Kamala , Rattanakusumanon Rattanaporn , Puttaraksa Chudaporn , Kaewsuwan Chidchanok 
Published: June 2021

Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench], also known as lady’s finger or gumbo, is an edible green vegetable that is widely used in cuisines around the world. It is rich in nutritive components such as dietary fibers, proteins, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and polyphenolic compounds. Several studies showed the health benefits of the okra in the prevention of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. This in‐vitro study was aimed to investigate the effect of the okra skin extract on cholesterol‐lowering activities. The inhibitory effects of the extract on pancreatic cholesterol esterase activity and on the cholesterol micellization, also its effect on the binding ability to bile acids, were determined. The results showed that the okra skin extract inhibited pancreatic cholesterol esterase activity in the concentration‐dependent manner (R2=0.817, p <0.05, IC50 = 3.17 mg/mL). Moreover, the extract (ranging from 0.25‐2 mg/mL) also inhibited the cholesterol micellization in the concentration‐dependent manner (R2=0.827, p <0.05). In addition, the okra skin extract showed the ability to bind to bile acids (glycodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, and taurocholic acid). We found that the binding efficacy of the extract (2 mg/mL) to glycodeoxycholic acid was significantly higher than binding to taurodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid (mean±SEM: 16.16±1.26% vs. 10.04±1.02% and 8.76±0.70%, p <0.05, respectively). In conclusion, the okra skin extract exhibited cholesterol‐lowering activities by inhibiting pancreatic cholesterol esterase activity, reducing the efficacy of cholesterol micellization, and binding to bile acids, which may result in delayed cholesterol absorption and increase cholesterol excretion. These findings may be useful for further studies in proposed mechanism on hypolipidemic acitivity of the okra.Grant Funding Source: Grants for Development of New Faculty Staff, Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund, CU
Potent and specific inhibition of VEGF signalling mediated by slow tight‐binding of flavonoids to VEGF (1045.33)
Authors: Kroon Paul , Moyle Christina , Cerezo Ana , Winterbone Mark , Needs Paul , Hollands Wendy , Edwards Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

Potent and specific inhibition of VEGF signalling mediated by slow tight‐binding of flavonoids to VEGF Paul A. Kroon1, Christina W.A. Moyle1, Ana B. Cerezo1, Mark S. Winterbone1, Paul W. Needs1, Wendy J. Hollands1, Rebecca L. Edwards1: Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.Background: Previously, we reported that the predominant effect of a low dose of an apple procyanidin extract on gene expression in cultured human vascular endothelial cells was inhibition of angiogenic functions and associated signalling pathways. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the dominant driver of vascular angiogenesis, and excessive concentrations of VEGF drive angiogenesis and cause complications such as age‐related macular degeneration and increased growth of tumours and atherosclerotic plaques. Since VEGF signalling plays crucial roles in diseases for which flavonoids have been shown to be protective, we further investigated the interactions of flavonoids with VEGF signalling.Methods and Results: Polyphenols such as EGCg (green tea) and procyanidin oligomers (cocoa, apples) potently inhibited VEGFA‐mediated phosphorylation of VEGF receptor‐2 in HUVECs with IC50 values of 89 and 280 nM, respectively. Many other polyphenols including (‐)‐epicatechin were completely ineffective. We show that EGCg and a procyanidin tetramer inhibited VEGFR2 activation by directly binding to VEGFA and preventing ligand‐receptor binding. The polyphenol‐VEGFA complexes were formed as a result of slow, tight‐binding reactions from which VEGF activity could not be recovered by dialysis. Remarkably, even though VEGFR‐2 signalling was completely inhibited at 1 µM concentrations of EGCg and procyanidins, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was shown to still be activated via the PI3K/pAkt signalling pathway.Conclusion: These data show that polyphenols can potently inhibit VEGFR‐2 signalling while retaining the pro‐endothelial functions that occur downstream of PI3K/Akt.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the BBSRC (UK), EU FP7 (BACCHUS‐312090, VegFenol‐274885) and Coressence Ltd.
Examining the carcinogenic potential of pancreatic inflammation in obese mice with maspin staining (1047.10)
Authors: Molteni Agostino , Saeed Anwaar , Glazyrin Alexey , Pennington Vanessa , Gawlik Mariah , Saeed Ali , Quinn Tim , Herndon Betty 
Published: June 2021

Chronic pancreatitis is associated with inflammation and adenocarcinoma. Unlike tumors in other sites, early pancreatic lesions upregulate maspin, a prognostic marker. This study evaluates pancreatic pathology in an OB/OB mouse model, to determine if inflammation leads to pre‐cancerous lesions that can be stained for maspin. A 10 animal control group and a group receiving TNFα receptor blocker (n=10) were evaluated. Pancreas collected at 2 months were stained by H&E and scored for inflammation and other damage. Anti‐maspin labeling was used to determine proliferative changes.H&E: Untreated: Ductal inflammation occurred only in exocrine pancreas but not endocrine. TNFα‐r block: less ductal inflammation occurred in exocrine pancreas but endocrine areas were similar. Anti maspin: Exocrine stain averaged 2.14 untreated vs 1.88 TNF‐α‐r block (p>0.05). Endocrine scores were 4.75 vs 7.43 on the same groups (p=0.03). No group differences occurred in serum insulin or blood glucose.Data suggest that pancreatic inflammation does not associate with anti maspin staining in the OB/OB model. Only exocrine pancreatic ducts were highly inflamed (H&E) and endocrine pancreas showed significant anti‐maspin staining. Further, maspin staining was unrelated to the systemic anti‐inflammatory treatment (TNFα‐r block). The relationship of maspin to other adipocytokines in the pancreas of this model remains an ongoing study
Whole genome methylation sequencing reveals distinct impact of differential methylations on gene transcription in prostate cancer (1047.9)
Authors: Luo Jianhua , Yu Yan , Ding Ying , Tseng George , Michalopoulos Amantha , Nelson Joel 
Published: June 2021

DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic mechanisms in regulating gene expression. Genome hypermethylation has been speculated as a critical mechanism in human malignancies. However, whole genome quantification of DNA methylation of human malignancies has rarely been investigated, and the significance of the genome distribution of CpG methylation is unclear. In this report, we performed whole genome methylation sequencing to investigate the methylation profiles of 13 prostate samples, including 5 prostate cancers, 4 matched benign prostate tissues adjacent to cancer and 4 age‐matched organ donor prostate tissues. Our results showed that alterations of methylation patterns occurred in prostate cancer and benign prostate tissues adjacent to cancer in comparison with age matched organ donor prostates. Over 95% alterations of genome methylation occurred in sequences outside CpG islands. Only a small fraction of the methylated CpG islands exerts an impact on RNA expression. Both intragene and promoter CpG island methylations negatively impacted gene expression. However, RNA expression suppressions did not correlate with levels of CpG island methylation, suggesting that methylation of CpG island alone might not be sufficient to shut down gene expression. Motif analysis revealed a consensus sequence containing Sp1 binding motif significantly enriched in the effective CpG islands.Grant Funding Source: NCI