bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Zealand Aid and Dairy Development in Sri Lanka
Authors:   , Edwards Jasmine 
Published: December 2021

<p>New Zealand’s aid investment in dairy development is seen, on the one hand, as a means to improve economic, health and food security issues in developing countries. Dairy development, further, is linked to New Zealand’s trade interests and supports industry expansion strategies that target the market potential in developing countries. On the other hand, it is argued that dairy consumption and production should be reduced to respond to climate change and potential negative health impacts in countries with traditionally low dairy consumption. The potential impacts of dairy development on sustainable development are complex, interconnected and contradictory. Moreover, local and gendered understandings of the impacts of dairy development are underrepresented in literature. Drawing on a sustainable livelihood approach and gender lens as a theoretical framework, this research explores smallholder farmers’ views through a case study of a New Zealand-funded aid project in Sri Lanka, the Wanni Dairy Project, which is increasing dairy production to improve rural livelihoods. In doing so, this thesis considers the multiple impacts of dairy development on sustainable livelihoods. In particular, it explores understandings of social, gender and environmental factors. Data was collected during five weeks of qualitative, case study research (using interviews, photovoice and observation methods) with female, conflict-affected farmers in Sri Lanka and stakeholders in dairy development. This thesis contends that better understandings of the impacts of dairy development and aid can be valuably informed by local perspectives. It highlights the inherent connectivity between social, environmental and economic factors of the Wanni Dairy Project, and areas of dissonance between local understandings of the impacts of dairy development and global discourse on sustainable development. Specifically, this thesis draws attention to the diverse impacts of increasing income, health factors, and cultural and religious factors; it highlights women’s independence, empowerment and agency, and ongoing inequities; and it addresses environmental impacts, climate change, and the implications of scale. This research, therefore, contributes to the information upon which development policy-makers and practitioners – government, development organisations and private sector actors – can base effective and sustainable development policy and practice.</p>
Investigation of the Biological Effect of eIF4A Reduction and Inhibition
Authors:   , Little Richard 
Published: December 2021

<p>Translation initiation has been identified as a therapeutic target for many diseases including cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, viral infections and cachexia. One protein involved in this process is the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), an RNA helicase that is integral for cap-dependent translation initiation. Multiple drugs that inhibit the normal function of eIF4A have been identified, with one currently entering clinical trials. Recent investigations into the effects of eIF4A inhibitor treatment, however, have used concentrations that significantly hinder cell proliferation and survival. However, applications in Alzheimer’s disease, viral infections and cachexia require much lower inhibitor concentrations. Current evidence shows that under these conditions, inhibition of eIF4A leads to disruption of translation of individual transcripts in a manner that is dependent on their sequence and structure. However, the cell-wide effects of eIF4A inhibition at these low concentrations is still not known, and so the mechanisms through which treatments for these diseases will function are not fully elucidated. Using an expression-based analysis, we investigated the effects of mild perturbation of eIF4A through gene deletion mutations in yeast and low doses of the eIF4A inhibitor pateamine on human cells. With both these approaches we identify a range of expression changes in proteins throughout the proteostatic network, relating to processes such as translation, amino acid production, ribosome biogenesis, protein folding and protein degradation. Processes further removed from translation initiation were also found to be affected but differed between yeast and human cell line models, with energy metabolism being affected in yeast, and telomere maintenance and mRNA metabolism being affected in human cells. We also identified an mRNA 5′ untranslated region sequence that appears to confer a disproportionate reduction in expression only seen in pateamine treatment conditions. Through this approach we identify the key cellular effects of altered eIF4A function and demonstrate differences between reduced eIF4A function and pateamine inhibition.</p>
Exploring playfulness in paediatric music therapy using an action research approach
Authors:   , Austin Rachel Alison 
Published: December 2021

<p>Playfulness is a disposition which promotes adaptability across the lifespan. Attuned co-playfulness is a therapeutic tool requiring self-awareness of the disposition by the therapist. As a music therapy student working on a paediatric ward in a therapeutic play environment, the intersection of music therapy, therapeutic play and playfulness inspired this research. Specific research on playfulness in music therapy is limited. This research investigated playfulness in music therapy practice: how and when playfulness manifested in interpersonal interaction, both within and without music, to foster the therapeutic process. Using an interpretivist, qualitative methodology and an action research approach, three cycles of action research were completed. Cycle one examined how playfulness was evidenced in my practice. Playfulness was evident when I was childlike, free from rules, the music therapy had elements of incongruence, I used humour or experienced joy. Playfulness was most evident with children up to five years of age. Cycle two explored playfulness in music therapy with children in middle childhood. Themes from this cycle included giving children time to warm up, using humour and primarily, collaboration. Cycle three explored the context for playfulness. Playfulness was most evident when music therapy occurred in the playroom or at bedside, without interruption. Playfulness was more evident with a supportive family member present and when there was some familiarity between music therapy student and patient. Confidence levels, health status and responses to the hospital environment impacted on playfulness for both patients and the music therapy student. Playfulness was shown to be a marker of health and wellbeing for the music therapy student. Experiencing a lack of playfulness was a potential indicator of secondary traumatic stress and the need for increased self-care. Exhibiting a lack of playfulness was an appropriate clinical strategy which enabled affective state attunement with participants, supporting the intersubjective therapeutic process. This research raises the relevance of playfulness as a viable therapeutic marker in music therapy for children and adolescents, and as an indicator of wellbeing for music therapists. The findings are specific to this research setting and period and are not generalizable.</p>
The Synthesis of Carbohydrate Probes for the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors:   , Santoso Kristiana 
Published: December 2021

<p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurologically debilitating disease which typically affects people in the age bracket of 27-40 years old. Currently, little is known about the mechanism of the disease, which is partly due to the lack of a reliable diagnostic test. There are two common ways of diagnosing MS, neither of which are specific to MS. One is the detection of IgG antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a painful and invasive test, and the other involves obtaining MRIs of the brain to locate and monitor plaques in brain, which can be expensive and harmful. Early detection of the disease could not only lead to better symptom management, but would also allow for better monitoring of disease progress and, accordingly, lead to a better understanding of MS pathology. To this end, a reliable and non-invasive diagnostic test for the early detection of MS is required. In 2006, it was reported that antibodies against α-Glc and α-Glc(α-1,4)Glc were found at elevated levels in the sera of MS patients when compared to healthy patients’ sera, and it has been proposed that the presence of these two carbohydrates in patient serum might serve as a way to detect the onset and prognosis of MS. Accordingly, this Masters project sought to explore this hypothesis via the synthesis of α-Glc and α-Glc(α-1,4)Glc, both glycosides and glycodendrons, which could then be used to potentially detect MS-specific antibodies in sera. To this end, both glycans were prepared and coupled to biotin, ready to be used to bind streptavidin-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates. An ELISA protocol is to be established by the optimisation of the negative control in order to test such glycans against plasma samples. In the hope to achieve a multivalent system, a dendrimeric scaffold was also prepared that can be used to prepare larger glycan structures for the immunodiffusion assay. Ultimately, this could lead to a new diagnostic test for MS.</p>
Illumination Space: A Feature Space for Radiance Maps
Authors:   , Chalmers Andrew 
Published: December 2021

<p>From red sunsets to blue skies, the natural world contains breathtaking scenery with complex lighting which many computer graphics applications strive to emulate. Achieving such realism is a computationally challenging task and requires proficiency with rendering software. To aid in this process, radiance maps (RM) are a convenient storage structure for representing the real-world. In this form, it can be used to realistically illuminate synthetic objects or for backdrop replacement in chroma key compositing. An artist can also freely change a RM to another that better matches their desired lighting or background conditions. This motivates the need for a large collection of RMs such that an artist has a range of environmental conditions to choose from. Due to the practicality of RMs, databases of RMs have continually grown since its inception. However, a comprehensive collection of RMs is not useful without a method for searching through the collection. This thesis defines a semantic feature space that allows an artist to interactively browse through databases of RMs, with applications for both lighting and backdrop replacement in mind. The set of features are automatically extracted from the RMs in an offline pre-processing step, and are queried in real-time for browsing. Illumination features are defined to concisely describe lighting properties of a RM, allowing an artist to find a RM to illuminate their target scene. Texture features are used to describe visual elements of a RM, allowing an artist to search the database for reflective or backdrop properties for their target scene. A combination of the two sets of features allows an artist to search for RMs with desirable illumination effects which match the background environment.</p>
Applications of digital baseflow separation techniques for model validation, Wairarapa valley, New Zealand
Authors:   , Everitt Lucas 
Published: December 2021

<p>The representation of groundwater processes in hydrological models is crucial, as the connectivity between groundwater and surface water is significant. It is particularly important for regions such as the Wairarapa that experience high water stresses. Intensified agriculture has increased demand for irrigation, which can lead to depletion and degradation of reservoirs. This study compared observed streamflow records to TopNet-0 and TopNet-GW model outputs at points along the Mangatarere stream, a sub-catchment in the Wairarapa valley, New Zealand. Model performance was assessed using a suite of quantitative and qualitative comparisons. This analysis aimed to assess the similarities and differences between observed flow and the model outputs with respect to their model structures. Baseflow estimates from recursive digital filters were also compared at these sites to assess the groundwater representation of the models. The investigation can be considered representative of the wider Ruamahanga catchment, as the geology and hydrology in the region is relatively analogous. Flow infilling and baseflow separation was undertaken at 13 Wairarapa flow gauges to provide considerations to the model outputs. Options investigated for flow infilling included a straight infill or calculation of the flow difference at each point. Potential multipliers included a long-term or a monthly option. The difference infill, coupled with the long-term multiplier, was found to be the optimum method. Independent baseflow estimates included a Q90/Q50 flow duration curve index and indices generated from the Eckhardt and Bump & Rise recursive digital filters. The two digital filters produced similar statistics but were found to employ uncertain parameters that significantly affect outputs. TopNet-GW benefitted from up-to-date calibrations and as such produced generally excellent simulations in comparison to observed streamflow. With the addition of the deep groundwater conceptual reservoir in the structure of the model, simulated flow baseflow index estimates and graphical assessment of flow recession curves indicate TopNet-GW reproduces groundwater processes well despite potential over-representation of baseflow at the expense of high flow periods during peak flows. These findings highlight the importance of combining subsurface and surface flow dynamics to resolve water management issues and improve model performance at the catchment scale.</p>
Sea Summation : How Waterfront Urbanisation can use Hydrological Strategies While Facilitating For Climate Change
Authors:   , Sahib Zarah 
Published: December 2021

<p>Urban inclination has unfavourably allowed for urban development throughout New Zealand to be found either along once naturally ecologically established and natural defensive coastal shorelines, waterfronts or along reclaimed shores to be developed on top of. Through reclamation, it has shown fundamentals of how we want to live closer to the water’s edge, however in this process the lack of social and ecological space is diminishing and being catalyst residential and high end luxury private space (Dianne Menzez). Urban inclination should propose that urban waterfronts become multifunctional and facilitate towards a great public space. However with a deep attachment for the water’s edge, we orientate living ourselves towards the water which also shows an interesting argument between the city and coast relationship that also comes with increasing climate change conditions. Climate change has been under extensive focus for frequent years, conditions of notably large New Zealand urban sites remain under threat of infringing sea level rise and storm events which are in need for proper systematic infrastructure for this adaption purpose. With significant numbers of infrastructural systems situated in close proximity to waterfront environments, the rising numbers of communities orientated towards this face vulnerability to such global issues. In events of future sea level rise, increasing flooding will definitely impact the prone waterfronts Wellington City is one of New Zealand’s most vulnerable sites to sea level rise due to its proximity to coastal edges. Its low lying surface and unsustainable infrastructure and design promotes flooding through deficient water networks. This thesis identifies the Wellington’s post-industrial site; Centerport with proposals for intended residential development. There is however a great level of susceptibility the site does not meet needs for protection from arising climate conditions, and its current poor social relation to the wider waterfront, which this thesis intends to investigate and resolve. Centerport remains vulnerable to being a crucial domain for connectivity to the harbor edge and coastal hazard impact compared to other waterfronts. Through the means of researching adaptive water technological systems, this thesis hopes it will provide and conceptualise an impact within private and public communities through addressing coastal resilience, waterfront resilience and provide permeable adaptive waterfront design for the arising climate conditions.</p>
Paralelismo entre plano de Camper y el plano oclusal según biotipo facial en una población del sur de Perú
Authors: Huamani Echaccaya Jose Luis 
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar el paralelismo entre el plano de Camper cefalométrico y el plano oclusal según biotipo facial. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo observacional, retrospectivo, transversal. Nivel descriptivo comparativo. Para el cálculo del tamaño muestral se utilizó la fórmula para comparar grupos con promedio del paralelismo del plano de camper/oclusal en el biotipo braquifacial -5,8379 ± 3,8 y mesofacial -3,8433 ± 2,7; α = 0.05, potencia estadística 80%, margen de error de 5% y ajustado al 34% se obtuvo una muestra de 52 radiografías cefalométricas por grupo G1=braquifacial, G2=dolicofacial, G3=mesofacial; pareados según edad 10 adolescentes, 26 jóvenes, 16 adultos y según sexo 26 varones y 26 mujeres. Los criterios de inclusión fueron radiografías cefalométricas de buena calidad, datos completos y se excluyeron radiografías de pacientes con aparatología ortododóntica, con patologías en el lugar de análisis visual, ausencia del primer molar permanente mandibulares o piezas anteriores. Las radiografías cefalométricas se digitalizaron y analizaron mediante el Software DENTAL STUDIO NX®. Resultados: El análisis cefalométrico del paralelismo del plano de camper y el plano oclusal según grupo etario reportó en adolescentes una media -4,203° ± 3,23° IC95%= [-5,360 a -3,045]; joven -4,701° ± -2,72° IC95%=[-5,306 a -4,095] y adultos -4,452° ± 3,29° IC95%=[-5,384 a -3,519] (p=0,727). Asimismo, respecto al sexo, se encontró en el grupo masculino -4,765° ± 3,26° IC95%=[-5,490 a -4,039]; femenino -4,292° ± 2,70° IC95%=[-4,891 a -3,692] sin diferencia estadística significativa (p=0,326). Conclusión: con un p=0,000 podemos concluir que el paralelismo del plano de Camper cefalométrico con el plano oclusal más cercano a cero se encontró en el biotipo dolicofacial -3,192° ± 2,418° IC95%=[-3,8493 a -2,5346] y mesofacial -4,150° ± 2,668° IC95%= [-4,8732 a -3,4267] diferente al biotipo braquifacial -6,244° ± 3,068° IC95%= [-7,0779 a -5,4100].
THE QUESTION OF FEMALE BODY IN ARCHITECTURAL THEORY IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   State The Research Institute of Theory and History of Fine Arts of the Russian Academy of arts, Petrushikhina Svetlana V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the phenomenon of female body in the foreign theory of architecture in the 1980‑s–90‑s. The works of D. Agrest, E. Grosz, D. Bloomer and D. Fausch are examined in the present paper. There are two perspectives on the problem of female corporeality: poststructuralist and phenomenological. Jennifer Bloomer and Diane Agrest adopt a poststructuralist critical strategy in which the notion of the feminine is considered as the “Other” of the logocentric architectural discourse. Elisabeth Gross notes that women have always been displaced from the realm of architecture. This is indicated not only by the absence of female architects, but also by the fact that the inherent attributes of female corporeality have been completely disregarded. Diane Agrest suggests that these attributes were appropriated by male architects. The phenomenological perspective on the female corporeality is reflected in Deborah Fausch's concept of “feminist architecture”. “Feminist architecture” brings back the value of concrete, sensual bodily experience in the perception of architecture. The subject's perceptual experience through the body allows the semantic dimension to unfold in the building.
Rekonstruksi Peran Perpustakaan dan Intervensi Pustakawan kepada Pemustaka
Authors: Rahman Saleh Abdul 
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan. Dalam era teknologi informasi yang kemudian melahirkan teknologi disruptive perpustakaan menghadapi tantangan yang sangat berat. Banyak unit-unit usaha yang akhirnya gulung tikar atau setidaknya mengurangi karyawannya akibat teknologi disruptive ini. Sebagian pekerjaan mereka sudah digantikan oleh mesin atau robot. Perpustakaan harus “menciptakan” layanan-layanan baru agar tidak termakan oleh teknologi ini. Sebagian kerja perpustakaan sudah diambil alih oleh mesin, seperti transaksi peminjaman bahan perpustakaan pada perpustakaan konvensional dan bahkan perpustakaan digital saat ini sudah mulai beroperasi. Dengan perpustakaan digital maka pemustaka memang tidak perlu lagi mendatangi secara fisik perpustakaan sebab semua layanannya sudah dapat dilakukan melalui gawai. Kajian ini merupakan kajian literatur yang membahas tingkatan layanan atau mediasi menurut Kuhlthau untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan informasi pemustaka
Metode dan Pengumpulan Data. Literatur dikumpulkan dari akses ke internet dan koleksi cetak perpustakaan.
Analisis Data. Dari literatur yang dikumpulkan dibuatkan catatan poin penting yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif.
Hasil dan Pembahasan. Kuhlthau memperkenalkan layanan informasi yang disebutnya sebagai intervensi kepada pemustaka. Menurut Kuhlthau ada dua layanan perpustakaan dasar di mana pustakawan profesional terlibat dalam intervensi tersebut yaitu referensi dan instruksi bibliografi. Layanan referensi adalah mediasi kepada pemustaka untuk membantu lokasi dan penggunaan sumber dan informasi. Mediasi seperti ini bisa mediasi sederhana, tetapi juga bisa mediasi yang panjang yang melibatkan proses pencarian informasi yang rumit dan sangat panjang. Konsep zona intervensi ditentukan oleh sifat masalah pemustaka dan tahapan proses pemustaka mengarah pada identifikasi tingkat mediasi dan pendidikan. Menurut Kuhlthau ada lima level mediasi yaitu: organizer (pengatur), locator (pencari lokasi), identifier (pengidentifikasi), advisor (penasihat), dan counselor (konselor). Jika pemustaka bisa bekerja sendiri dalam mencari informasi maka pustakawan tidak perlu melakukan intervensi untuk memediasi pemustaka tersebut. Namun jika pemustaka tidak mampu melakukan pencarian sendiri maka kehadiran pustakawan untuk mengintervensi yaitu memediasi pemustaka sangat diperlukan
Kesimpulan. Ada lima level mediasi menurut Kuhlthau yaitu: organizer (pengatur), locator (pencari lokasi), identifier (pengidentifikasi), advisor (penasihat), dan counselor (konselor).
Pandemi Covid-19 Dan Kembalinya Pendidikan Dalam Keluarga Guna Pencegahan Covid 19 Serta Untuk Mewujudkan Kehidupan Baru
Authors: Asari Slamet , Mutahro Mutahro , Amiruddin Noor , Sukaris Sukaris , Ernawati Ernawati , Rahim Andi Rahmad 
Published: December 2021

Peningkatan dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di masa Pandemi Covid-19 merupakan tugas penting bagi pendidik khususnya seorang guru PAI yang juga merupakan pencipta karakter bangsa. Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 ini,sebagian besar kegiatan belajar mengajar secara tatap muka dihentikan karena penyebaran virus covid-19 yang semakin menyebar luas. Pelaksanaan KKN UMG dengan tema Pencegahan covid-19 untuk mewujudkan kehidupan baru (new normal) ini bertujuan mendukung dan menguatkan program penanggulangan dan pencegahan covid-19 yang dilakukan pemerintah pusat dan daerah, meningkatkan kepedulian civitas akademika UMG dalam percepatan pencegahan penularan pandemi covid-19, mengimplementasikan KKN UMG dimasa pandemic covid-19 dan mengedukasi masyarakat tentang bahaya dan cara penanggulangan covid-19 melalui media on line dan menggunakan metode observasi (pengamatan), dokumentasi dan sosialisasi dengan daring. Hasil dan pembahasan Pelaksanaan KKN ini adalah Bidang Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan dan Bidang Kesehatan Masyarakat.