bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is X(7200) the heavy anti-quark diquark symmetry partner of X(3872)?
Authors: Liu Ming-Zhu , Geng Li-Sheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe$$D^{(*)}\Xi _{cc}^{(*)}$$D(∗)Ξcc(∗)system and$${\bar{\Xi }}_{cc}^{(*)}\Xi _{cc}^{(*)}$$Ξ¯cc(∗)Ξcc(∗)system can be related to the$$D^{(*)}{\bar{D}}^{(*)}$$D(∗)D¯(∗)system via heavy anti-quark di-quark symmetry (HADS). In this work, we employ a contact-range effective field theory to systematically investigate the likely existence of molecules in these systems in terms of the hypothesis that X(3872) is a$$1^{++}~D{\bar{D}}^{*}$$1++DD¯∗bound state in the isospin symmetry limit, with some of the unknown low energy constants estimated using the light-meson saturation approximation. In the meson–meson system, a$$J^{PC}=2^{++}~{\bar{D}}^{*}D^{*}$$JPC=2++D¯∗D∗molecule commonly referred to asX(4013) is reproduced, which is the heavy quark spin partner ofX(3872). In the meson-baryon system, we predict two triply charmed pentaquark molecules,$$J^{P}=1/2^{-}~D^{*}\Xi _{cc}$$JP=1/2-D∗Ξccand$$J^{P}=5/2^{-}~D^{*}\Xi _{cc}^{*}$$JP=5/2-D∗Ξcc∗. In the baryon-baryon system, there exist seven di-baryon molecules,$$J^{PC}=0^{-+}~{\bar{\Xi }}_{cc}\Xi _{cc}$$JPC=0-+Ξ¯ccΞcc,$$J^{PC}=1^{--}~{\bar{\Xi }}_{cc}\Xi _{cc}$$JPC=1--Ξ¯ccΞcc,$$J^{PC}=1^{-+}~{\bar{\Xi }}_{cc}\Xi _{cc}^{*}$$JPC=1-+Ξ¯ccΞcc∗,$$J^{PC}=1^{--}~{\bar{\Xi }}_{cc}\Xi _{cc}^{*}$$JPC=1--Ξ¯ccΞcc∗,$$J^{PC}=2^{-+}~{\bar{\Xi }}_{cc}\Xi _{cc}^{*}$$JPC=2-+Ξ¯ccΞcc∗,$$J^{PC}=2^{-+}~{\bar{\Xi }}_{cc}^{*}\Xi _{cc}^{*}$$JPC=2-+Ξ¯cc∗Ξcc∗, and$$J^{PC}=3^{--}~{\bar{\Xi }}_{cc}^{*}\Xi _{cc}^{*}$$JPC=3--Ξ¯cc∗Ξcc∗. Among them, the$$J^{PC}=0^{-+}~{\bar{\Xi }}_{cc}\Xi _{cc}$$JPC=0-+Ξ¯ccΞccmolecule may contribute to theX(7200) state recently observed by the LHCb Collaboration, which implies thatX(7200) can be related toX(3872) via HADS. As a byproduct, with the heavy quark flavor symmetry we also study likely existence of molecular states in the$$B^{(*)}{\bar{B}}^{(*)}$$B(∗)B¯(∗),$${\bar{B}}^{(*)}\Xi _{bb}^{(*)}$$B¯(∗)Ξbb(∗), and$${\bar{\Xi }}_{bb}^{(*)}\Xi _{bb}^{(*)}$$Ξ¯bb(∗)Ξbb(∗)systems.
Tissue-wide integration of mechanical cues promotes effective auxin patterning
Authors: D. Ramos João R. , Maizel Alexis , Alim Karen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNew plant organs form by local accumulation of auxin, which is transported by PIN proteins that localize following mechanical stresses. As auxin itself modifies tissue mechanics, a feedback loop between tissue mechanics and auxin patterning unfolds—yet the impact of tissue-wide mechanical coupling on auxin pattern emergence remains unclear. Here, we use a model composed of a vertex model for plant tissue mechanics and a compartment model for auxin transport to explore the collective mechanical response of the tissue to auxin patterns and how it feeds back onto auxin transport. We compare a model accounting for a tissue-wide mechanical integration to a model that regards cells as mechanically isolated. We show that tissue-wide mechanical coupling not only leads to more focused auxin spots via stress redistribution, but that it also mitigates the disruption to patterning when considering noise in the mechanical properties of each cell of the tissue. We find that this mechanism predicts that a local turgor increase correlates with auxin concentration, and yet auxin spots can exist regardless of the exact local turgor distribution.
How to Keep an Eye on Small Things
Authors: Nilsson Bengt J. , Żyliński Paweł 
Published: February 2021

We present new results on two types of guarding problems for polygons. For the first problem, we present an optimal linear time algorithm for computing a smallest set of points that guard a given shortest path in a simple polygon having [Formula: see text] edges. We also prove that in polygons with holes, there is a constant [Formula: see text] such that no polynomial-time algorithm can solve the problem within an approximation factor of [Formula: see text], unless P=NP. For the second problem, we present a [Formula: see text]-FPT algorithm for computing a shortest tour that sees [Formula: see text] specified points in a polygon with [Formula: see text] holes. We also present a [Formula: see text]-FPT approximation algorithm for this problem having approximation factor [Formula: see text]. In addition, we prove that the general problem cannot be polynomially approximated better than by a factor of [Formula: see text], for some constant [Formula: see text], unless P [Formula: see text]NP.
The Review Mechanism of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and Its Protocols
Authors: Ponti Christian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This essay analyses the main features of the Review Mechanism of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) and its Protocols, in the perspective of the peer review methodology. Some interesting indications as to the Review Mechanism’s legitimacy may be drawn from comparing it with other peer review systems in the field of transnational criminal law and human rights law. Although the UNTOC Review Mechanism’s institutional design reveals many structural flaws, a strong commitment by the States parties to promoting the best standards of the peer review methodology could arguably contribute to increasing its overall legitimacy and effectiveness, far beyond its formal constraints.
Integrating the UNCAC and the UNTOC for Effective Prevention and International Cooperation
Authors: Zvekić Uglješa Ugi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The inextricable links between transnational organized crime, on the one hand, and corruption, on the other, require a more integrated approach between the international instruments aimed at preventing and tackling such phenomena, i.e., respectively, the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the UN Convention against Corruption, as well as between their review mechanisms. Moreover, the role played by civil society in the framework of the UNTOC and UNCAC review mechanisms should be furthered, thus drawing inspiration from the Universal Periodic Review.
Anselmo Castelo Branco: Profiling an Alchemist Prophet
Authors: Leitão José Vieira 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The prophet, alchemist, and physician Anselmo Castelo Branco, while not an unknown name in Portuguese letters, still stands as a largely misunderstood author of the intellectually troubled Portuguese eighteenth century. He is mostly known for his alchemical opus, the Ennoea, and so far scholars have only given superficial attention to his non-alchemical works, leading to significant bias.
While not denying Castelo Branco’s relevance as a medical and alchemical writer, this article hopes to be the first to offer a detailed reconstruction of this author’s biography as well as an extensive analysis of all his known written works. Besides his known contributions to the sciences, his ideas on the Portuguese messianic cult of Sebastianism, prognostication, and the definition of accurate prophecy are analyzed, revealing a complex and nuanced vision which aimed to harmonize the fragmented fields of Portuguese eighteenth-century messianism and millenarianism.
A National Survey of Robotic Surgery Training Among Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Residents
Authors: McCrary Hilary C. , McLean Sierra R. , Luman Abigail , O’Sullivan Patricia , Smith Brigitte , Cannon Richard B. 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the current state of robotic surgery training among Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) residency programs in the United States. Methods: This is a national survey study among OHNS residents. All OHNS residency programs were identified via the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education website. A total of 64/127 (50.3%) of OHNS programs were selected based on a random number generator. The main outcome measure was the number of OHNS residents with access to robotic surgery training and assessment of operative experience in robotic surgery among those residents. Results: A total of 140 OHNS residents participated in the survey, of which 59.3% (n = 83) were male. Response rate was 40.2%. Respondents came from middle 50.0% (n = 70), southern 17.8% (n = 25), western 17.8% (n = 25), and eastern sections 14.3% (n = 20). Most respondents (94.3%, n = 132) reported that their institution utilized a robot for head and neck surgery. Resident experience at the bedside increased in the junior years of training and console experience increased across the years particularly for more senior residents. However, 63.4% of residents reported no operative experience at the console. Only 11.4% of programs have a structured robotics training program. Conclusion: This survey indicated that nearly all OHNS residencies utilize robotic surgery in their clinical practice with residents receiving little formal education in robotics or experience at the console. OHNS residencies should aim to increase access to training opportunities in order to increase resident competency. Level of Evidence: IV
The psychological effects of COVID-19 spread in young Canadian adults
Authors: Gill Praneet K. , Du Cynthia , Khan Farihah , Karimi Nima , Sabharwal Kanav , Agarwal Malvika 
Published: February 2021

Background and aim: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only threatens physical health but also psychological well-being. As a result of the pandemic, increased mental health burdens have been recorded in young adults around the world. We sought to understand the association of stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic with symptoms of psychological and emotional distress in young Canadian adults. Method: Questionnaire respondents were asked about the extent to which they were personally impacted by COVID-19, and symptoms related to depression, anxiety, post-traumatic disorder, and emotional distress. Results: Of 84 respondents, most identified as female (74%; 62/84). Overall, 61% (51/84) reported experiencing symptoms of psychological distress related to depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); specifically, 43% (36/84) reported anxiety-related symptoms, 33% (28/84) reported depression-related symptoms, and 6% (5/84) reported PTSD-related symptoms. Individuals with family in settings high risk for COVID-19 infection and individuals who received government aid with a reduction in income were 4.30-fold and 2.80-fold more likely, respectively, to experience symptoms of psychological distress (95% CI 1.31–14.14; p = .013 and 95% CI 1.08–7.25; p = .038, respectively). Visits to social media daily to hourly for COVID-19 related news resulted in a 3.24-fold increase in the likelihood of experiencing depression-related symptoms (95% CI 1.26–8.35; p = .020). Conclusion: We demonstrate a necessity to focus on alleviating the mental health burdens and contributing stressors within young Canadian adults. Though the mental health burdens are currently exacerbated by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, they may persist after the pandemic ends if left unaddressed.
Posttraumatic growth after earthquake: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Amiri Hadis , Nakhaee Nouzar , Nagyova Iveta , Timkova Vladimira , Okhovati Maryam , Nekoei-Moghadam Mahmoud , Zahedi Razie 
Published: February 2021

Background: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) represents a positive personal change after adverse events, such as natural disasters, including earthquake. However, the association between exposure to earthquake and level of PTG is still unknown. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analyses (MA) is to assess the level of PTG in people exposed to earthquake. Methods: Studies were identified via Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest, Cochran Library, Ovid, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, congress, and conferences research papers. The level of PTG was presented as mean and standard deviation. Subgroup analyses were conducted to control for the amount of time that had passed since stressor onset and age of the study population. The meta-regression was used to explore the sources of between-study heterogeneity, including sample size and age. Results: The MA of all 21 studies using no restrictions related to age and time of the PTG measurement since traumatic event showed low level of PTG (41.71; 95%CI = 34.26; 49.16, I2: 62.44%, p: .000). Subgroup analyses controlled for the age demonstrated that level of PTG was higher in adults (49.47; 95% CI = 42.35; 56.58, I2: 0%, p = .466) when compared to children and adolescents (35.38; 95% CI = 23.65; 47.11, I2: 69.09%, p < .00). Moreover, the pooled weight mean of PTG measured 1 year and less than 1 year since the earthquake varied between medium (46.04; 95%CI = 34.45; 57.63, I2:51.2%, p: .037) and high (59.03; 95%CI = 41.46; 76.41, I2: 0%, p: .990) levels, respectively. Conclusion: The results of our MA showed low level of PTG in earthquake survivors. However, the mean value of PTG in adults was higher when compared to children and adolescents. In addition, the mean PTG was found to decrease over time since traumatic events.
Developing a Database of Structural Racism–Related State Laws for Health Equity Research and Practice in the United States
Authors: Agénor Madina , Perkins Carly , Stamoulis Catherine , Hall Rahsaan D. , Samnaliev Mihail , Berland Stephanie , Bryn Austin S. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives Although US state laws shape population health and health equity, few studies have examined how state laws affect the health of marginalized racial/ethnic groups (eg, Black, Indigenous, and Latinx populations) and racial/ethnic health inequities. A team of public health researchers and legal scholars with expertise in racial equity used systematic policy surveillance methods to develop a comprehensive database of state laws that are explicitly or implicitly related to structural racism, with the goal of evaluating their effect on health outcomes among marginalized racial/ethnic groups. Methods Legal scholars used primary and secondary sources to identify state laws related to structural racism pertaining to 10 legal domains and developed a coding scheme that assigned a numeric code representing a mutually exclusive category for each salient feature of each law using a subset of randomly selected states. Legal scholars systematically applied this coding scheme to laws in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia from 2010 through 2013. Results We identified 843 state laws linked to structural racism. Most states had in place laws that disproportionately discriminate against marginalized racial/ethnic groups and had not enacted laws that prevent the unjust treatment of individuals from marginalized racial/ethnic populations from 2010 to 2013. Conclusions By providing comprehensive, detailed data on structural racism–related state laws in all 50 states and the District of Columbia over time, our database will provide public health researchers, social scientists, policy makers, and advocates with rigorous evidence to assess states’ racial equity climates and evaluate and address their effect on racial/ethnic health inequities in the United States.
Comprehensive clinical phenotyping of nitroglycerin infusion induced cluster headache attacks
Authors: Wei Diana Y , Goadsby Peter J 
Published: February 2021

Background Nitroglycerin administration allows the study of cluster headache attacks in their entirety in a standardised way. Methods A single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study using weight-calculated intravenous nitroglycerin administration at 0.5 µg/kg/min over 20 minutes to study cluster headache attacks, including accompanying non-headache symptoms and cranial autonomic symptoms. Results Thirty-three subjects with cluster headache were included in the study; 24 completed all three study visits. Nitroglycerin-induced attacks developed in 26 out of 33 subjects (79%) receiving unblinded nitroglycerin infusion, and in 19 out of 25 subjects (76%) receiving single-blinded nitroglycerin infusion, compared with one out of 24 subjects (4%) receiving single-blinded placebo infusion. Episodic cluster headache subjects had a shorter latency period to a nitroglycerin-induced attack compared to the chronic cluster headache (CCH) subjects ( U = 15, z = −2.399, p = 0.016). Sixteen of nineteen episodic cluster headache (mean, 84%; 95% confidence interval, 66–100%) and 11 of 14 chronic cluster headache subjects developed a nitroglycerin-induced attack (79%, 54–100%) following the unblinded nitroglycerin infusion. Following the single-blinded nitroglycerin infusion, eight out of 13 episodic cluster headache (62%, 31–92%) and 11 out of 12 chronic cluster headache (92%, 73–100%) subjects developed nitroglycerin-induced attacks. Nitroglycerin induced non-headache symptoms in the majority of subjects receiving it: 91% in the open unblinded nitroglycerin visit and 84% in the single-blinded nitroglycerin visits, compared with 33% in the single-blinded placebo visit. Cranial autonomic symptoms were induced by nitroglycerin infusion, 94% in the open unblinded nitroglycerin visit and 84% in the single-blinded nitroglycerin visit, compared with 17% in the single-blinded placebo visit. Conclusion Intravenous weight-adjusted nitroglycerin administration in both episodic cluster headache in bout and chronic cluster headache is effective and reliable in inducing cluster headache attacks, cranial autonomic symptoms and non-headache symptoms.
Patients with episodic migraine show increased T2 values of the trapezius muscles – an investigation by quantitative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sollmann Nico , Schandelmaier Paul , Weidlich Dominik , Börner Corinna , Urban Giada , Lang Magdalena , Zimmer Claus , Karampinos Dimitrios C , Landgraf Mirjam N , Heinen Florian , Baum Thomas , Bonfert Michaela V 
Published: February 2021

Background Neck pain is frequent in patients with migraine. Likewise, evidence for inflammatory processes in the trapezius muscles is accumulating. However, non-invasive and objectively assessable correlates are missing in vivo. Methods Twenty-one subjects with episodic migraine (mean age: 24.6 ± 3.1 years, 18 females) and 22 controls (mean age: 23.0 ± 2.2 years, 17 females) without any history of headache prospectively underwent physical examination and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the trapezius muscles. A T2‐prepared turbo spin-echo sequence was acquired for manual segmentation of the trapezius muscles and extraction of mean T2 values. Results There were no statistically significant differences regarding age, sex, body mass index, or number of myofascial trigger points (mTrPs) between groups. All patients with migraine presented with mTrPs in the trapezius muscles. T2 of the entire trapezius muscles was significantly higher in the migraine group when compared to controls (31.1 ± 0.8 ms vs. 30.1 ± 1.1 ms; p = 0.002). Conclusions Elevated T2 values of the trapezius muscles may indicate subtle inflammatory processes within musculature among patients with migraine because T2 increase is likely to stem from edematous changes. Future work may validate this finding in larger cohorts, but muscle T2 might have potential to develop into a viable in vivo biomarker for muscular affection in migraine.
Predictive Value of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Coronal Lateral Collateral Ligament Sign on Adolescent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Graft Failure
Authors: Mitchell Brendon C. , Siow Matthew Y. , Bastrom Tracey , Bomar James D. , Pennock Andrew T. , Parvaresh Kevin , Edmonds Eric W. 
Published: February 2021

Background: The coronal lateral collateral ligament (LCL) sign is the presence of the full length of the LCL visualized on a single coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slice at the posterolateral corner of the knee. The coronal LCL sign has been shown to be associated with elevated measures of anterior tibial translation and internal rotation in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. Hypothesis: The coronal LCL sign (with greater anterior translation, internal rotation, and posterior slope of the tibia) will indicate a greater risk for graft failure after ACL reconstructive surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Retrospective review was performed of adolescent patients with ACL reconstruction: a cohort without graft failure and a cohort with graft failure. MRI was utilized to measure tibial translation and femorotibial rotation and to identify the coronal LCL sign. The posterior tibial slope was measured on lateral radiographs. Patient-reported outcomes were collected. Results: We identified 114 patients with no graft failure and 39 patients with graft failure who met all criteria, with a mean follow-up time of 3.5 years (range, 2-9.4 years). Anterior tibial translation was associated with anterolateral complex injury ( P < .001) but not graft failure ( P = .06). Internal tibial rotation was associated with anterolateral complex injury ( P < .001) and graft failure ( P = .042). Posterior tibial slope was associated with graft failure ( P = .044). The coronal LCL sign was associated with anterolateral complex injury ( P < .001) and graft failure ( P = .013), with an odds ratio of 4.3 for graft failure (95% CI, 1.6-11.6; P = .003). Subjective patient-reported outcomes and return to previous level of sport were not associated with failure. Comparison of MRI before and after ACL reconstruction in the graft failure cohort demonstrated a reduced value in internal rotation ( P = .003) but no change in coronal LCL sign ( P = .922). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that tibial internal rotation and posterior slope are independent predictors of ACL graft failure in adolescents. Although the value of internal rotation could be improved with ACL reconstruction, the presence of the coronal LCL sign persisted over time and was predictive of graft rupture (without the need to make measurements or memorize values of significant risk). Together, these factors indicate that greater initial knee deformity after initial ACL tear predicts greater risk for future graft failure.
Effects of mouse fetal liver cell culture density on hematopoietic cell expansion in three-dimensional cocultures with stromal cells
Authors: Miyoshi Hirotoshi , Abo Kenji , Hosoya Daiki , Matsuo Kazuyuki , Utsumi Yoshio 
Published: February 2021

Objective: An effective ex vivo expansion system of primitive hematopoietic cells (HCs) is required for wider application of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this study, we examined effects of culture density on mouse fetal liver cells (FLCs) used as an HC source for the expansion of primitive HCs in three-dimensional (3D) cocultures with two kinds of mouse stromal cell lines (OP9 or C3H10T1/2). Materials and methods: FLCs were seeded at different densities (1, 2, and 10 × 107 cells/cm3) into porous polymer scaffolds with or without stromal cell layers and HCs were expanded in the cultures for 2 weeks without exogenous cytokines. Results: Differential effects of culture density on HC expansion were observed between cocultures and solitary FLC controls. In stromal cell cocultures, high expansion of HCs was achieved when FLCs were seeded at low densities. In contrast, the expansion in the controls was enhanced with increasing culture densities. With respect to expansion of primitive HCs existing in the FLCs, cocultures with C3H10T1/2 cells were superior to those with OP9 cells with a 29.3-fold expansion for c-kit+ hematopoietic progenitor cells and 8.3-fold expansion for CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. In the controls, HC expansion was lower than in any cocultures, demonstrating the advantages of coculturing for HC expansion. Conclusion: Stromal cell lines are useful in expanding primitive HCs derived from FLCs in 3D cocultures. Culture density is a pivotal factor for the effective expansion of primitive HCs and this effect differs by culture condition.