bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A gene regulatory network for antenna size control in carbon dioxide-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells
Authors: Blifernez-Klassen Olga , Berger Hanna , Mittmann Birgit Gerlinde Katharina , Klassen Viktor , Schelletter Louise , Buchholz Tatjana , Baier Thomas , Soleimani Maryna , Wobbe Lutz , Kruse Olaf 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In green microalgae, prolonged exposure to inorganic carbon depletion requires long-term acclimation responses, involving modulated gene expression and the adjustment of photosynthetic activity to the prevailing supply of carbon dioxide. Here, we describe a microalgal regulatory cycle that adjusts the light-harvesting capacity at photosystem II (PSII) to the prevailing supply of carbon dioxide in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). It engages low carbon dioxide response factor (LCRF), a member of the squamosa promoter-binding protein (SBP) family of transcription factors, and the previously characterized cytosolic translation repressor nucleic acid-binding protein 1 (NAB1). LCRF combines a DNA-binding SBP domain with a conserved domain for protein–protein interaction. LCRF transcription is rapidly induced by carbon dioxide depletion. LCRF activates NAB1 transcription by specifically binding to tetranucleotide motifs present in its promoter. Accumulation of the NAB1 protein enhances translational repression of its prime target mRNA, encoding the PSII-associated major light-harvesting protein LHCBM6. The resulting truncation of the PSII antenna size helps maintaining a low excitation during carbon dioxide limitation. Analyses of low carbon dioxide acclimation in nuclear insertion mutants devoid of a functional LCRF gene confirm the essentiality of this novel transcription factor for the regulatory circuit.
Genome-wide signatures of plastid-nuclear coevolution point to repeated perturbations of plastid proteostasis systems across angiosperms
Authors: Forsythe Evan S , Williams Alissa M , Sloan Daniel B 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNuclear and plastid (chloroplast) genomes experience different mutation rates, levels of selection, and transmission modes, yet key cellular functions depend on their coordinated interactions. Functionally related proteins often show correlated changes in rates of sequence evolution across a phylogeny [evolutionary rate covariation (ERC)], offering a means to detect previously unidentified suites of coevolving and cofunctional genes. We performed phylogenomic analyses across angiosperm diversity, scanning the nuclear genome for genes that exhibit ERC with plastid genes. As expected, the strongest hits were highly enriched for genes encoding plastid-targeted proteins, providing evidence that cytonuclear interactions affect rates of molecular evolution at genome-wide scales. Many identified nuclear genes functioned in post-transcriptional regulation and the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis), including protein translation (in both the plastid and cytosol), import, quality control, and turnover. We also identified nuclear genes that exhibit strong signatures of coevolution with the plastid genome, but their encoded proteins lack organellar-targeting annotations, making them candidates for having previously undescribed roles in plastids. In sum, our genome-wide analyses reveal that plastid–nuclear coevolution extends beyond the intimate molecular interactions within chloroplast enzyme complexes and may be driven by frequent rewiring of the machinery responsible for maintenance of plastid proteostasis in angiosperms.
Venous thromboembolism in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Liapi Matina , Jayne David , Merkel Peter A , Segelmark Mårten , Mohammad Aladdin J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine incidence rate and predictors of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in a population-based cohort with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Methods
The study comprised 325 patients diagnosed with AAV from 1997 to 2016. All cases of VTE from prior to vasculitis diagnosis to the end of the study period were identified. The BVAS was used to assess disease activity at diagnosis. Venous thromboembolisms occurring in a period beginning 3 months prior to AAV diagnosis were considered to be AAV-related. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95% CI of VTE were calculated using the incidence rate in the general population.

Results
Fifty-nine patients (18%) suffered 64 VTE events. Of these, 48 (81%) suffered AAV-related VTE [deep vein thrombosis (n = 23), pulmonary embolism (n = 18) and other (n = 9)]. The incidence rate of AAV-related VTE was 2.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI 1.7, 3.0) during 2039 person-years of follow-up. The incidence during the first 3 months post-AAV diagnosis was 20.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI 11.5, 29.4), decreasing to 8.9 (95% CI 0.2, 17.6) and 1.5 (95% CI 0.0, 3.5) in months 4–6 and months 7–12 post-AAV diagnosis, respectively. The SIR was 34.2 (95% CI 20.2, 48.1) for deep vein thrombosis and 10.4 (95% CI 5.6, 15.1) for pulmonary embolism. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, only age and BVAS were predictive of VTE.

Conclusions
The incidence rate and SIR of AAV-related VTE is high, and higher early in the course of the disease. Vasculitis activity and age are positively associated with VTE.
Utilizing an electronic feeder to measure individual mineral intake, feeding behavior, and growth performance of cow–calf pairs grazing native range1
Authors: McCarthy Kacie L , Undi Michael , Becker Stephanie , Dahlen Carl R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Crossbred Angus cow–calf pairs (n = 28 pairs) at the Central Grasslands Research Extension Center (Streeter, ND) were used to evaluate an electronic feeder to monitor individual mineral intake and feeding behavior and their relationship with growth performance and liver mineral concentrations. Cows and calves were fitted with radio frequency identification ear tags that allowed access to an electronic feeder (SmartFeed system; C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) and were provided ad libitum minerals (Purina Wind and Rain Storm, Land O’Lakes, Inc., Arden Hills, MN). Mineral intake, number of visits, and duration at the feeder were recorded over a 95-d monitoring period while pairs were grazing native range. Liver biopsies were collected from a subset of cows on the final day of monitoring and analyzed for mineral concentrations. Data were analyzed with the GLM procedure in SAS for mineral intake and feeding behavior with age class (cows vs. calves), intake category (high vs. low), and the interaction between class and category in the model. Correlations were calculated among cow feeding behavior and calf intake and growth performance with the CORR procedure, and a comparison of liver mineral concentrations among cows of high (&gt;90 g/d; average 125.4 g/d) and low (&lt;90 g/d; average 33.5 g/d) mineral intake was performed using the GLM procedure. High-intake calves (&gt;50 g/d; average 72.2 g/d) consumed greater (P &lt; 0.001) amounts of minerals than low-intake calves (&lt;50 g/d; average 22.2 g/d) intake calves. Cows and calves attended the mineral feeder a similar (P = 0.71) proportion of the days during the experiment (overall mean of 20%, or once every 5 d). On days calves visited the feeder, they consumed less (P &lt; 0.01) minerals than cows (222 ± 27 vs. 356 ± 26 g/d, respectively). Over the grazing period, calves gained 1.17 ± 0.02 kg/d, whereas cows lost 0.35 ± 0.02 kg/d. Calf mineral intake was correlated with cow duration at the mineral feeder (r = 0.403, P = 0.05). Cows with high mineral intake had greater (P &lt; 0.01) concentrations of Se (2.92 vs. 2.41 ug/g), Cu (247 vs. 116 ug/g), and Co (0.51 vs. 0.27 ug/g) compared with low mineral intake cows, but liver concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mo, and Mn did not differ (P ≥ 0.22). We were able to successfully monitor individual mineral intake and feeding behavior with the electronic feeder evaluated, and the divergence in mineral intake observed with the feeder was corroborated by concentrations of minerals in the liver.
Sodium arsenite induces spatial learning and memory impairment associated with oxidative stress and activates the Nrf2/PPARγ pathway against oxidative injury in mice hippocampus
Authors: Xiong Liang , Huang Jinyu , Gao Ying , Gao Yanfang , Wu Chunmei , He Shengfa , Zou Lijun , Yang Dongmei , Han Yuhao , Yuan Qiong , Zheng Zuobing , Hu Gonghua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial toxin with known correlates of oxidative stress and cognitive deficits in the brain. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional factor that represents a central cellular antioxidant defense mechanism and transcribes many antioxidant genes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a well-known nuclear receptor to regulate lipid metabolism in many tissues, and it has been also associated with the control of oxidative stress, neuronal death, neurogenesis and differentiation. The role of Nrf2 and PPARγ in As-induced neurotoxicity is still debated. The present study was designed to investigate the neurobehavioral toxic effect of sub-chronic and middle-dose sodium arsenite exposure in mice hippocampus, as well as the response of Nrf2/PPARγ expression and influence on protein expression levels of their downstream antioxidant genes. Our results showed that mice treated with intraperitoneal injection of sodium arsenite (50 mg/kg body wt.) twice a week for 7 weeks resulted in increased generation of reactive oxygen species and impairment of spatial cognitive function. The present study also found a positive association between Nrf2/PPARγ expression in hippocampus of mice, and activation of antioxidant defenses by the evidently upregulated expression of their downstream genes, including superoxide dismutase, heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione peroxidase-3. Therefore, our findings were helpful for further understanding the role of Nrf2/PPARγ feedback loop in As-induced neurobehavioral toxicity.
Nurse Practitioner Preceptor Plan: A Focus on Preceptor Rewards and Preferences
Authors: Gaynor Beatrice , Barnes Hilary 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recruiting and retaining preceptors is a major challenge for nurse practitioner (NP) programs. The purpose of this project was to identify preceptor rewards that may foster NP preceptor recruitment and retention at one university. Seventy preceptors were surveyed regarding their reward preferences using rewards identified in the literature and among regional NP programs. The most preferred rewards included continuing education credits, professional growth opportunities, maintaining professional relationships with the university, and financial remuneration. To provide NP students with positive and effective clinical experiences, it is essential that NP program leaders understand preceptors’ preferences and commit to preceptor support.
Baseball performance via the lens of anthropometric testing, fitness metrics, and statistics: a longitudinal cross-sectional study
Authors: Papadakis Zacharias , Padgett Robert N. , Stamatis Andreas , Karasch Richard A. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Anthropometric testing (AT) and fitness metrics (FM) are contributing factors for success in sports. Limited evidence exists regarding longitudinal baseball AT or FM roles on baseball performance statistics (PS). AT, FM, and PS associations were examined for 5 yr to create a performance model.

Methods:
Eighty collegiate Division I players participated in this study. Height, mass, and body fat percentage (BF%) were selected as AT variables of interest. Grip strength (GS), one repetition maximum squat (1RMSQ), and vertical-jump height were selected for FM. Batting average percentage (AVG), slugging percentage (SLG), on-base percentage (OBP) baseball statistics were selected as offensive PS. Earned run average (ERA), batting average against percentage (B/AVG), and strike-out per innings pitched for 9 innings (SO/IP)*9 were selected for defensive PS.

Results:
Offensive (r=−0.15, P<0.005; rs=−0.17, P<0.001) and defensive (r=−0.253, P<0.001; rs=−0.314, P<0.001) statistics correlated with BF%. Offensive (r=0.26, P<0.001; rs=0.43, P<0.001) and defensive (r=0.39, P<0.001) statistics correlated with GS. Offensive (r=0.26, P<0.001; rs=0.43, P<0.001) and defensive (r=0.27, P<0.001) statistics correlated with 1RMSQ. Offensive statistics AVG (R2=0.48) and SLG (R2=0.46) were explained by 1RMSQ. For defensive statistics, 1RMSQ was the best fit for (SO/IP)*9 (R2=0.43) and B/AVG (R2=0.52), and GS was the best fit for ERA (R2=0.39). Squat and time interaction for B/AVG was significant (P=0.04).

Conclusions:
Baseball PS are associated with 1RMSQ and GS. Time moderates the effect of squat training on B/AVG. Pitchers need to include squats to lower their B/AVG. Coaches may focus on improving such FM variables and consider the time effect on selected FM that may affect PS.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV
Is it a must to tenotomize the biceps intraarticular origin during tenodesis? A prospective case series study of biceps tenodesis without tenotomy
Authors: Kandeel Amr Abdel-Mordy 
Published: January 2021

Background:
This study was conducted to investigate three questions; Does biceps tenodesis without tenotomy reduce short-term tenodesis failure and revision rate? Does preserved biceps origin increase the prevalence of postoperative bicipital pain and tenderness? Does this technical modification limit postoperative range of motion?

Methods:
Between October 2014 and December 2018, a case series of 24 patients with different isolated biceps tendon lesions were prospectively managed by arthroscopic intraarticular suture-anchor biceps tenodesis without tenotomizing the biceps intraarticular origin. Patients were evaluated for demographics and for preoperative and 2-year postoperative range of motion, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system, return to work, persistent bicipital pain or tenderness, and Popeye sign (tenodesis failure).

Results:
Mean age of the group was 46.7 yr. Statistical analysis revealed highly significant postoperative improvement in UCLA score parameters (P<0.001) and in active range of motion (P<0.001). However, when compared with its sound counterpart, the operated shoulder had 12.5-degree range deficits of external rotation at 0-degree abduction. Five (20.8%) patients reported persistent or recurrent bicipital pain or tenderness; four (80%) of those five patients responded well to local steroid injection. A Popeye sign was not reported subjectively or objectively, and there was no reported tenodesis revision.

Conclusions:
Providing potential biological, biomechanical, and technical advantages and rendering low rates of short-term tenodesis failure and revision, this technique of modified (without-tenotomy) arthroscopic biceps tenodesis can achieve satisfactory outcomes. However, this technique could have the disadvantages of external rotational range deficits, relatively high prevalence of postoperative bicipital pain and tenderness, and technical irreproducibility in extensive biceps lesions that involve the tendon segment proposed for tenodesis.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Novel diagnostic approaches for Fanconi anemia (FA) by single-cell sequencing and capillary nano-immunoassay
Authors: Chang Lixian , Gao Xingjie , Ji Guangzhen , Cheng Xuelian , Zou Yao , Cheng Tao , Yuan Weiping , Zhu Xiaofan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technology has been widely utilized for the diagnosis of Fanconi anemia (FA). However, mixed cell sequencing and chimerism of FA patients may lead to unconfirmed genetic subtypes. Herein, we introduced two novel diagnostic methods, including single-cell sequencing and capillary nano-immunoassay. One FA case with FANCM c.4931G>A p.R1644Q and FANCD1 c.6325G>A p.V2109I was studied. The DNA of 28 cells was amplified and eight types of cells were observed after Sanger sequencing. There were two homozygous mutations (FANCM/FANCD1). Furthermore, the capillary nano-immunoassay was conducted to analyze the expression profile of FA-associated proteins. Abnormal FANCM and FANCD1 expressions simultaneously existed. This case was thus diagnosed as FA-D1/FA-M dual subtype. Compared with mixed cell sequencing, single-cell sequencing data shows more accuracy for the FA subtype evaluation, while the capillary nano-immunoassay is a good method to detect the expression profile of abnormal or modified FA protein.
A Validated Photonumeric Scale for the Evaluation of Neck Skin Laxity
Authors: Guida Stefania , Spadafora Marco , Longhitano Sabrina , Pellacani Giovanni , Farnetani Francesca 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
Neck aging is usually evaluated together with the lower face. To date, a skin laxity scale for the neck as an independent anatomical district is lacking.

OBJECTIVE
To create and validate a proposed photonumeric neck skin laxity (NSL) scale.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Frontal neck photographic images of 110 subjects were collected. Each standardized neck image was evaluated twice by 3 independent doctors, 1 week apart. A 4-point photonumeric NSL scale was developed (0 = absence of skin laxity and 4 = severe skin laxity) and validated in terms of intraobserver and interobserver correlation and internal consistency.

RESULTS
The intraobserver reliability analysis of the 2 assessments performed by each observer revealed excellent correlation and consistency of the severity grading, independently of the time of evaluation (from 0.96 to 0.99, p < .01). Furthermore, the interobserver reliability analysis revealed an excellent agreement between the evaluators and an internal consistency independent of the evaluator (0.97, p < .01).

CONCLUSION
The newly developed NSL scale is a reliable and reproducible scoring system for the aesthetic evaluation of skin laxity of the neck.
CLOUDING OF INTRAOCULAR SILICONE OIL IN THE ABSENCE OF EMULSIFICATION
Authors: Zheng Ying , de Vries Jan Willem , Herrmann Andreas , Bartz-Schmidt Karl-Ulrich , Dammeier Sascha , Spitzer Martin S. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To describe intraocular clouding of silicone oil in the absence of emulsification.

Methods:
Retrospective observational case series of patients who received silicone oil injections and developed silicone oil discoloration without emulsification after pars plana vitrectomy. Clinical examinations and physicochemical analyses were performed to find out the common cause for the opaque oil.

Results:
Thirteen patients developed silicone oil discoloration after pars plana vitrectomy. It could be traced down that all patients had received silicone oil from one respective production batch. The silicone oil was removed as soon as possible after the changes were detected (range, 8–16 weeks). Gas chromatography flame ionization detector, size exclusion chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed the absence of low-molecular-weight compounds in the opaque lot. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the opaque lot was more temperature stable. During the follow-ups, no obvious retinal toxicity could be observed and best-recorded visual acuity improved considerably in 12 patients and was only limited by the underlying retinal pathologic conditions.

Conclusion:
This is the first report on opacification of intraocular silicone oil without emulsification. This discoloration of silicone oil may disturb vision and prevent proper fundus examination; however, it seems to be a nontoxic phenomenon without serious long-term consequences.
LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF ASYMMETRIC BILATERAL DIFFUSE UVEAL MELANOCYTIC PROLIFERATION IN A PATIENT WITH METASTASIZED UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Lentzsch Anna M. , Siggel Robert , Schnorr Christel , Holtick Udo , Liakopoulos Sandra 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To report a case of bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation over 30 months follow-up.

Methods:
Multimodal imaging including ultra-wide-field color fundus photography, blue light fundus autofluorescence, swept-source optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography.

Results:
A 49-year-old woman presented with decreased vision 2 months after bladder cancer surgery. Exudative retinal detachment and leopard spot pattern chorioretinopathy were observed in the right eye. Chemotherapy and cystectomy were initiated. Progressive bilateral vision loss occurred with melanocytic proliferation, choroidal thickening, subretinal fibrosis, fluid extravasation, rapid development of mature cataract, multiple iris cysts, and rubeosis, despite plasmapheresis and IV immunoglobulins. After cataract surgery, massive fibrin reaction resulted in a ciliolenticular block. One year later, positron emission tomography–computed tomography revealed absence of metastases. At Month 23, choroidal thickness increased in line with tumor progression. Palliative systemic therapy was initiated. Secondary macular neovascularization was treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections. Visual acuity was light perception in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye at last follow-up.

Conclusion:
Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation results in progressive melanocyte proliferation and exudation, leading to severe visual loss. In our case, visual acuity was preserved at a low level in one eye under continuous systemic treatment. Systemic corticosteroids are recommended for cataract surgery in the setting of bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation to prevent massive fibrin reaction. Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections may be indicated if secondary macular neovascularization develops.
Vision Loss Secondary to Facial and Periorbital Steroid Injection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Park Sally S. E. , Barmettler Anne 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The risk of ophthalmic and retinal artery occlusions following facial and periorbital steroid injection has not been explored. This systematic review examines the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of steroid-induced vision losses.

Methods:
A literature search in Evidence Based Medicine Reviews, MEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed, ClinicalTrials, and WHO ICTRP was performed for vision loss following facial and periorbital corticosteroid injections through July 2020.

Results:
Of 35 case reports, series, and reviews, 49 patients (56 eyes) with steroid-induced vision loss were analyzed. Injection sites predominantly involved the nose (45%) and periocular regions (10%). The most common type of steroid is triamcinolone (54%). Most cases were unilateral, except 7 cases of bilateral vision losses, 4 of which resulted from unilateral steroid injection. Symptoms were reported during or immediately after injections in 49% of cases. Most occlusions occurred in the ophthalmic (53%) or central retinal artery (33%). Vision most commonly presented as no light perception (37%), and 90% were 20/200 or worse. Final visual outcomes varied from 20/200 or worse (56%), 20/40 or better (30%), to in between (13%).

Conclusion:
Most vision losses resulted from steroid injections in the nasal and periorbital area. Triamcinolone was the most common offending agent, likely due to large particle size, low solubility, and extensive particle aggregation. Dexamethasone has the opposite pharmacologic properties and has never been reported in association with vascular occlusion related vision loss. Careful steroid selection, injection techniques, and treatment strategies should be considered to prevent and treat artery occlusion.