bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Graft Type Used for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Quality of Life
Authors: Yapali Gökmen , Kürklü Galip Bilen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is no consensus about which graft type should be used in patients who will undergo anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction so far. In this study, it was aimed to compare the quality of life, knee functions, and isokinetic muscle strength of patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon (HT) and bone–tendon–bone (BTB) autografts. Total 40 patients with ACL reconstruction (20 in HT group and 20 in BTB group), at least 1 year after the operation, all injured during sports activity were included in this study. Flexor and extensor muscle groups of both affected and unaffected knees at angular velocities of 60 and 180 degrees/s were recorded. Lysholm knee score questionnaire and Short Form (SF)-36 were administered to all patients before the isokinetic tests. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups at any angular velocity in isokinetic evaluation. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in regard to Lysholm score. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in SF-36 physical function domain score (p < 0.01). The results demonstrated that the SF-36 questionnaire can easily be applied to this patient population. There was only one significant difference in the SF-36 physical function component scores between the two groups. The quality of life, knee functions, and isokinetic muscle strength were similar in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with HT and BTB.
Does Treatment with Dexmedetomidine Intra-articularly Improve Postoperative Pain and Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?
Authors: Ülgey Ayşe , Bayram Adnan , Aksu Recep , Altuntaş Resul , Güney Ahmet , Güler Gülen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine added to levobupivacaine following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. Fifty patients undergoing ACL reconstruction were included. Group DL (dexmedetomidin-levobupivacaine) received 20 mL 0.5% levobupivacaine plus 1 mL (100 μg) dexmedetomidine. Group L (levobupivacaine) patients received 20 mL 0.5% levobupivacaine plus 1 mL saline 10 minutes before tourniquet release. A patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump was then connected, delivering 0.5 mg at every 10 minutes and 1-mg morphine and 75-mg diclofenac sodium was used as a rescue analgesic. Postoperative pain was evaluated 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after extubation at rest and during movement. A rehabilitation program was started after surgery. Postoperative continuous passive motion (CPM) starting time, postoperative leg flexion angle, and straight leg lifting time were evaluated for each group. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of demographic data and operation time. Morphine consumption, analgesic requirements, and visual analogue scale (VAS) assessments were significantly lower in group DL during the 24-hour period after surgery. The time to start CPM in the postoperative period was significantly shorter in group DL. Passive joint flexion angle was significantly higher in group DL. Postoperative straight leg lifting time was significantly shorter in group DL. Adding dexmedetomidine to the intra-articular levobupivacaine provided better postoperative pain control and improved rehabilitation period after ACL surgery.
Chronic Epidural Hematoma: Still a Rare Entity?
Authors: Banga Manpreet Singh , Sandeep B. V. , Dixit Sourabh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction Extradural hematoma diagnosed more than 14 days after head injury is classified as a chronic extradural hematoma (CEDH). In the present study, we presented a series of 8 patients with CEDH in a span of 6 months.
Materials and Methods In this article, we reported 8 cases of CEDH who presented to Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, within a span of 6 months.
Discussion Extratemporal epidural hematomas (EDHs) are often due to venous bleeding from the diploic veins or dural sinuses or to delayed rupture of a middle meningeal pseudoaneurysm. In these cases, cerebrospinal fluid may redistribute from the lateral ventricles and thus allowing room for the enlarging hematoma producing vague neurological symptoms and signs. The incidence rate of CEDH reported in the literature ranges from 3.9 to 30% of all EDHs. Computed tomography (CT) scan in CEDH often shows a low-density center surrounded by a high-density margin. Calcification of the displaced dura mater may also occur. Some are identified incidentally, whereas others are diagnosed when investigating for persistent and/or progressive neurological symptoms. Symptomatic CEDH should be surgically evacuated and has an excellent outcome the earlier it is done. In patients with no or mild symptoms, normal neurological status, and a small-sized CEDH spontaneous resolution may be expected.
Conclusion In the post-CT era, it is always said that CEDH is a rare entity. However, in developing countries we still encounter a large number of such cases and the question arises whether CEDH is still a rare entity.
Endoscopic Management of Gastroparesis
Authors: Seeras Kevin , Docimo Salvatore 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGastroparesis is a complex pathology that continues to evolve in its diagnosis and treatment. Throughout the years, we have gained a more thorough understanding of normal and pathologic physiology of the stomach, which has allowed us to garner different approaches to the treatment of gastroparesis. We aim to evaluate the current literature regarding diagnosis and treatment of gastroparesis with a specific focus on the endoscopic management of this pathology.
Development of Faraday rotation measurements on Keda Reconnection eXperiment (KRX) device
Authors: Liu D. K. , Ding W. X. , Mao W. Z. , Zhang Q. F. , Fan F. B. , Sang L. L. , Lu Q. M. , Xie J. L. 
Published: May 2021

The Faraday-effect based polarimeter and interferometer are developed for non-perturbation magnetic field and density measurements on the Keda Reconnection eXperiment (KRX) device. The magnetic reconnection is externally driven by a pair of parallel current plates. To design this instrument and provide an alternative way to facilitate theory–experiment comparisons via forward modeling of the diagnostics process with full plasma dynamics given by simulation, we develop a synthetic diagnostics based on 2D photonic integrated circuit simulation for magnetic reconnection on the KRX. The view-line geometry is optimized and wavelengths (1 mm) of the polarimeter and interferometer are selected to ensure the sensitivity of measurement on the KRX. We have simulated magnetic reconnection on the x-line (x–z plane) with horizontal viewing and vertical viewing for line of sight measurements. It is found that the current sheet width and indicator of magnetic reconnection can be inferred directly from the dynamics of Faraday rotation even with the line-integrated character of polarimeter–interferometer diagnostics.
Crosslinguistic influence on L2 implicature computation for determiners
Authors: Cho Jacee 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the extent to which L1-Korean L2-English speakers’ L1 influences the computation of
conversational implicatures for the definite and demonstrative determiners the and that in
English. Both the and that denote unique referents, but that carries
implication of contrast (Roberts, 2002). Following Submaxim 2 of the Gricean Quantity
Maxim, using that instead of unmarked the implicates that the referent is being implicitly
contrasted with other members of the same noun. Korean has no equivalent for the and the demonstrative
ku ‘that’ is situated on the semantic scale between the and that. This
partial overlap could influence L1-Korean L2-English speakers’ implicature computation even though ku also
carries implication of contrast. Acceptability judgment data indicate that unlike native speakers, L2 speakers did not show
sensitivity to infelicitous use of that, indicating difficulty computing implicatures. Results are discussed in
terms of crosslinguistic influence at the semantics-pragmatics interface in L2 acquisition.
Highly responsive ZnO nanorods array ultraviolet photodetectors modificated with reduced graphene oxide layer
Authors: Jiang Jing , Luo Guangcan , Zhang Ziling , Tan Bo , Guo Xuxiang , Li Wei , Zhang Jingquan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a new heterojunction ultraviolet (UV) photodetector in a superstrate configuration, i.e. glass/FTO/ZnO NRs/rGO/Au, constructed via the dip-coated method to form reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer on the surface of ZnO nanorod arrays (NRs). The rGO compensates for surface oxygen vacancies by the oxygen-containing groups and improves the crystal properties of ZnO NRs after annealing. Furthermore, the carrier mobility and work function are effectively increased after Au doping. Under UV irradiation, the electron–hole pairs generated by ZnO NRs are separated with bias voltage, and the electrons and holes are collected via fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO) and rGO/Au, respectively. The rGO acts as a hole transport layer, which reduces the recombination of carriers and increases the current density, giving rise to a higher responsivity (67.48 A W−1 at −1.5 V bias) than pure ZnO NRs photodetectors.
Using a mixture of vinasse-contaminant and H3PO4 as an efficient electrolyte for high performance flexible carbon nanotube-based supercapacitors
Authors: Mendoza R , Rodriguez-Gonzalez V , Zhakidov A A , Cherepanov S , Mtz-Enriquez A I , Oliva J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The elimination of vinasse contaminant generated by the tequila industry and other alcoholic beverages is of current interest because millions of liters are produced every year and it cannot be released in the environment due to its low pH and high content of organic material. As an effort to reuse/recycle such a contaminant, we report the use of a mixture of vinasse-contaminant + H3PO4 as the electrolyte for flexible supercapacitors (SCs), which are made with carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes. We obtained a high capacitance value of 679.7 F g−1 in the devices made with both electrodes of CNTs. When the Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles are added in the SC anode, the capacitance is enhanced to 1852.8 F g−1, which is among the highest values reported so far for flexible CNT based SCs. We also compared the performance of the SC made with vinasse to another made with a conventional electrolyte of PVA/H3PO4 and found that the capacitance and energy density values of this last device were 1.2 times lower. All the devices made with CNTs, Ag/TiO2 and vinasse + H3PO4 stored charge by redox reactions and the redox centers were: oxygen vacancies, carboxylic groups, Ag0/Ag2+ and Ti3+/Ti4+ ions. Thus, the vinasse contaminant is a feasible electrolyte for supercapacitors.
Flavor triangle of the diffuse supernova neutrino background
Authors: Tabrizi Zahra , Horiuchi Shunsaku 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although Galactic core-collapse supernovae (SNe) only happen a few times per century, every hour a vast number of explosions happen in the whole universe, emitting energy in the form of neutrinos, resulting in the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). The DSNB has not yet been detected, but Super-Kamiokande doped with gadolinium is expected to yield the first statistically significant observation within the next several years.
Since the neutrinos produced at the core collapse undergo mixing during their propagation to Earth, the flavor content at detection is a test of oscillation physics.
In this paper, we estimate the expected DSNB data at the DUNE, Hyper-K and JUNO experiments which when combined are sensitive to all different neutrino flavors.
We determine how well the flavor content of the DSNB will be reconstructed in the future, for a Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) scenario as well as a neutrino decay scenario. A large fraction of the flavor space will be excluded, but the heavy-lepton neutrino flux remains a challenge.
Possible bump structure of cosmic ray electrons unveiled by AMS-02 data and its common origin along with the nuclei and positron
Authors: Zhang Pei-pei , Qiao Bing-qiang , Liu Wei , Cui Shu-wang , Yuan Qiang , Guo Yi-qing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The local pulsar and its progenitor, SNR, can together accelerate the positron, electron and nuclei to very high energy. The famous excesses of positron(nuclei) above 20(200) GeV possibly come from such kind of local source. This hints that the primary electron should also hold “excess” above 200 GeV, synchronously accelerated along with the nuclei. The recent precise measurement of sharp dropoff at 284 GeV of positron by AMS-02 experiment takes chance to study this expected electron excess. In this work, the spatially-dependent propagation with a local source is used to reproduce the spectrum of positron, electron and proton. When considering the dropoff at 284 GeV of positron, a sharp bump structure for primary electron above 284 GeV is required to fit the total spectrum of positron and electron. Then we systematically study the common origin of the excesses of positron, electron and nuclei from Geminga pulsar and SNR. Those excesses can be reproduced under this unified single-source model. Lastly, we hope that the fine bump structure can be observed to support our model by AMS-02 experiment in future.
Characterizing Atmospheres of Transiting Earth-like Exoplanets Orbiting M Dwarfs with James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Gialluca Megan T. , Robinson Tyler D. , Rugheimer Sarah , Wunderlich Fabian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A number of transiting, potentially habitable Earth-sized exoplanets have recently been detected around several nearby M dwarf stars. These worlds represent important targets for atmospheric characterization for the upcoming NASA James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Given that available time for exoplanet characterization will be limited, it is critically important to first understand the capabilities and limitations of JWST when attempting to detect atmospheric constituents for potentially Earth-like worlds orbiting cool stars. Here, we explore coupled climate-chemistry atmospheric models for Earth-like planets orbiting a grid of M dwarf hosts. Using a newly-developed and validated JWST instrument model—the JWST Exoplanet Transit Simulator—we investigate the detectability of key biosignature and habitability indicator gaseous species for a variety of relevant instruments and observing modes. Spectrally resolved detection scenarios as well as cases where the spectral impact of a given species is integrated across the entire range of an instrument/mode are considered and serve to highlight the importance of considering information gained over an entire observable spectral range. Our results indicate that detectability of gases at individual wavelengths is overly challenging for JWST but integrating the spectral impact of a species across the entire wavelength range of an instrument/mode significantly improves requisite detection times. When considering the entire spectral coverage of an instrument/mode, detections of methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen and water at signal-to-noise ratio 5 could be achieved with observations of several tens of transits (or less) for cloud-free Earth-like worlds orbiting mid- to late-type M dwarfs at system distances of up to 10–15 pc. When compared to previous results, requisite exposure times for gas species detection depend on approaches to quantifying the spectral impact of the species as well as underlying photochemical model assumptions. Thus, constraints on atmospheric abundances, even if just upper limits, by JWST have the potential to further our understanding of terrestrial atmospheric chemistry.
Processing and analysis of freeform implants obtained by additive manufacturing from MRI data
Authors: Piratelli-Filho A , Arencibia R V , Silva-Junior J F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work introduces the processing steps for manufacturing implants in substitution of human body parts based on additive manufacturing. The parts were designed with data from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of a defective cranium and the deviation analysis of the cranial implants was carried out to characterize the process. At the initial stage, the results of MRI exam of a defective patient’s skull were downloaded from internet in DICOM format. Next, segmentation was applied to separate the soft tissues from the bone one of the MRI data. The cranium bone CAD model was created and implemented in a 3D printer to manufacture the part in polymeric material. The produced part was measured in a 3D laser scanner to collect a surface cloud of points and the quality was evaluated by comparing data points with CAD model. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to determine the behavior of the deviations. A statistical filter was proposed to remove the outliers using the boxplot graph and the filtered sample was analyzed again to define the statistical parameters of the implant surfaces. The proposed methodology is recommended to characterize the deviations of cranium implants manufactured by additive manufacturing and the determined deviations allow the execution of cranial surgeries with a minimal intervention of the surgeon.
Analysis of Myoelectric Signals to Prosthesis Applications
Authors: Morais B S , Nogueira S L , Russo T L , Santos G L , Salazar L F G , Montagnoli A N 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work presents a myoelectric system measurement incorporated in an arm band device, particularly designed for application in upper-limb myoelectric prosthesis with pattern recognition-based sEMG control. For this particular use, specifications such as low cost, high sampling frequency, size and weight, may be observed. Moreover, it is introduced an acquisition protocol to evaluation of the myoelectric signal in daily activities.
Virtual instrument for estimation of HVAC and HVDC test parameters according to IEC 60060-1:2010
Authors: Oliveira Yuri Reis , Silva Márcio Thelio , Barbosa Carlos Roberto Hall 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High and ultra high voltage tests are commonly carried out to determine external and internal dielectric performances of electric power equipment. The standardization of these tests in different laboratories is obtained by following the standards with the requirements necessary to perform the tests. Among such requirements, the test voltage parameters must be measured within acceptable uncertainties. For a correct analysis of the test and presentation of the results it is necessary that the measuring system and the instrument used be able to estimate all parameters according to standard IEC 60060-1:2010, depending on each type of voltage and test, AC, DC or impulse. However, simpler conventional instruments, such as multimeters, are not capable of measuring and indicating all parameters required by current standards. Thus, dedicated instruments and software are needed, capable of performing the analysis of these parameters within the acceptable uncertainty limits. The use of software or measurement algorithms for voltage impulse testing is already described in IEC 61083-1 and -2 standards. Specifically, part 2 presents the reference waveforms used for the validation of the software used in the tests. Similarly, IEC 61083-4 is being developed for high voltage AC and DC tests, with standard waveforms for validation of the measurement software. The objective of this work is presenting the HVAT AC-DC virtual instrument developed in LabVIEW environment, capable of estimating the required AC and DC test parameters of the ABNT NBR IEC 60060-1:2013 standard and analyzing the robustness of such a virtual instrument through low and high voltage tests.
Evaluation of salbutamol in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations using spectrophotometry and green nonionic surfactant of cloud point extraction
Authors: Thani M Z , Dadoosh S A , Abdullah A M , Fahad A S , Fahad Y S , Faraj F L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to identify a quick, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric technique for the assessment of salbutamol (SAL). The proposed approach depends on SAL’s azo-coupling reaction with BEN. The orange color of the reaction product was analyzed at λmax (480 nm) against a blank solution. It was obeyed to beer-lambert show over concentration between (2.5-17.5 mg.L−1) with LOD (1.283 mg.L−1), LOQ (4.234 mg.L−1) and molar absorptivity (12922.74 L.mol−1.cm−1). The procedure revealed high sensitivity for assessment of chosen drug. The new cloud point extraction technique was also successfully utilized for the extraction of pharmaceutically pure SAL drug, (also known as 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl) phenoxy] ethanol), was selected as green extraction solvent due to its properties and structure. The influence of various parameters, such as the kind and volume of surfactant, salt, temperature and incubation time on the CPE of salbutamol was investigated in detail and a set of perfect conditions was established. A correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9914 for the calibration curve was obtained. The LOD, LOQ and molar absorptivity were 0.041 mg.L−1, 0.12 mg.L−1 and 47024.61 L.mol−1.cm−1, respectively. We believe that our suggested method is rapid, very convenient, and cost effective for the determination of salbutamol drug in the various samples.
Role of Caspase-3, IL-1β and oxidative stress in Iraqi women with breast cancer
Authors: Al-Musawi A K , Al-Rubae’i S H N , Mahdi M F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Breast Cancer is caused by malignant tissue cells and has become one of the world’s biggest medical problems. The goal of this research was to determine the serum concentration of markers of oxidative stress that play an important role in the multiple factors involved in breast cancer development, growth, and invasion. Serum of 90 women patients (45 breast cancer and 45 benign breast tumors) and 42 healthy individuals as control group were used in this study. Serum level of MDA, PC, 8-OHdG, IL-1β and Caspase-3 were measured by ELISA. Highly significantly increased levels (p<0.01) of MDA, PC, 8-OHdG, IL-1β and Caspase-3 were found in breast cancer and benign breast tumor when compared to healthy controls. The MDA and Caspase-3 level are considered strong parameters to diagnose and detection for breast cancer using the ROC curve. High lipid peroxidation is a significant risk factor for breast cancer and the activation of apoptosis and pro-inflammatory activity may be due to elevated levels of IL-1β & Caspase-3 in breast cancer cells. Nonetheless, lipid peroxidation and Caspase-3 are major factors in breast cancer growth and progression.
Research on control strategy of electric vehicle under braking state based on fuzzy control
Authors: Shi Yuanlin , Lu Xiuhe , Zhang Tao , Zheng Ruize 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aiming at how to improve the efficiency of pure electric vehicles in the process of braking energy recovery and security problems, this paper takes brake laws ECER13 curve and ideal braking force distribution curve as constraint conditions, to design a kind of input is braking intensity z, battery SOC charge ratio, output for mechanical brake than kp, electric braking is larger than that of ki fuzzy control strategy, and with the fuzzy control strategy as the core to establish the model of regenerative braking, this model embedded in the ADVISOR of pure electric vehicles in the model, and the simulation under the condition of circulating CYC_UDDS. The results show that under the fuzzy control strategy, the effective recovery rate of regenerative braking energy increases by 5.4%, and the energy utilization rate of the vehicle increases by 1.9%.