bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizen science as a bottom‐up approach to address human–wildlife conflicts: From theories and methods to practical implications
Authors: Ostermann‐Miyashita Emu‐Felicitas , Pernat Nadja , König Hannes J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough biodiversity conservation is a prioritized topic globally, agreements and regulations at multiple levels often fail to meet the desired effects due to insufficient knowledge transmission about and tolerance toward environmental protection measures among the public. To find effective measures to solve human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs) and promote a sustainable coexistence, it is essential to gain the public's understanding of the importance of preserving biodiversity. To spur progress in solution‐oriented conservation science, we examine how citizen science (CS) can complement research in the HWC field and coexistence/mitigation strategies. We find that CS (1) is an effective tool for gathering wildlife data and (2) empowers citizens to participate in or drive (in a bottom‐up manner) wildlife research and management. Each HWC has a unique social, economic, and geographical context, which makes it challenging to find appropriate mitigation measures. We developed a Global and Local Geographic (GLG) model that provides practical guidelines for implementing CS in HWC research. We argue that the inclusion of youth is fundamental to achieving coexistence between people and wildlife; thus integrating CS into formal education or including an educational component in CS projects can support the sustainable conservation of wildlife species and foster environmentally aware future generations.
Heart transplantation in the UK during the first wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Hardman Gillian , Sutcliffe Ruth , Hogg Rachel , Mumford Lisa , Grocott Laura , Jerrett Lorraine , Mead‐Regan Sarah‐Jane , Nuttall Jane , Dunn Stephanie , Seeley Philip , Quigley Richard , Dalzell Johnathan R. , Al‐Attar Nawwar , Parameshwar Jayan , Fisher Andrew J. , Booth Karen , Dark John H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aim to evaluate practice and understand the impact of the first wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on heart transplantation in the UK.MethodsA retrospective review of the UK Transplant Registry (UKTR) and a national survey of UK heart transplant centers have been performed. The early pandemic period is defined here as 1 March to 31 May 2020.ResultsThere was geographic variation in the prevalence of COVID‐19 across the UK. All centers reported adaptations to maintain the safety of their staff, candidate, and recipient populations. The number of donors fell by 31% during the early pandemic period. Heart utilization increased to 35%, compared to 26% during the same period of 2019. The number of heart transplants was well maintained, across all centers, with 38 performed, compared to 41 during the same period of 2019, with no change in 30‐day survival. Twenty‐seven heart transplant recipients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection were reported during the study period.ConclusionAll UK heart transplant centers have successfully adapted their programs to overcome the challenges of staff redeployment and ICU and hospital resource limitation, associated with the pandemic, whilst continuing heart transplant activity. On‐going evaluation of practice changes, with sharing of lessons learned, is required as the pandemic continues.
Stakeholder perspectives of pediatric powered wheelchair standing devices: a qualitative study
Authors: Kenyon Lisa K , Harrison Kelsey L , Huettner Megan K , Johnson Sarah B , Miller William C 
Published: February 2021

AimTo explore and describe the experiences and perspectives of various stakeholders regarding the use of powered wheelchair standing devices (PWSDs).MethodThe purposive sample included: children aged 6 to 18 years who used a PWSD (n=8; diagnoses: cerebral palsy, spinal muscular atrophy, spina bifida, spinal cord injury), parents of children 18 years of age or younger who used a PWSD (n=12), rehabilitation professionals working with children who used a PWSD (n=12), and professionals working at companies manufacturing PWSDs (n=3). Data were gathered via face‐to‐face interviews conducted either in person or via Zoom® and analyzed using the constant comparative method.ResultsThree main themes emerged in the data: (1) ‘Stand‐on‐demand’ revealed how participants perceived PWSDs as allowing children to stand whenever and wherever they wanted, thereby increasing participation; (2) ‘It’s more than weight‐bearing’ uncovered participants’ perceptions of psychological and physical benefits from PWSD use; and (3) ‘Ecosystems influencing PWSD acquisition and use’ revealed child‐ and non‐child‐related factors perceived as influencing children’s procurement and use of a PWSD.InterpretationUse of a PWSD was perceived as providing a unique opportunity for children to stand whenever and wherever they desired. Findings suggest the possible transdiagnostic application of PWSDs.
What this paper adds

The ability to stand when desired was unique to powered wheelchair standing device (PWSD) use.

Participants perceived numerous psychological and physical benefits from PWSD use.

Child‐ and non‐child‐related factors influenced procurement and use of a PWSD.
Cultural relativity in consumers' rates of adoption of artificial intelligence
Authors: Tubadji Annie , Denney Toby , Webber Don J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is a cost‐efficient innovation that challenges customers' consumption patterns and fears of uncertainty. This study assesses whether the likelihood that consumers adopt AI in banking services depends on tastes across different cultures. We propose a culturally‐augmented Arrow–Bilir–Sorensen model to assess the propensity that consumers use AI. Analyses of a unique ING Bank dataset encompassing 11,000 respondents from 11 countries reveal that success rates for the diffusion of robo‐advisory financial services in retail banking vary substantially due to the cultural boundedness of choice. This bias seems to be associated with social capital rather than the fear of novelty.
Differing non‐linear, lagged effects of temperature and precipitation on an insect herbivore and its host plant
Authors: Scott Eric R. , Wei Ji‐Peng , Li Xin , Han Wen‐Yan , Orians Colin M. 
Published: February 2021

1. Multivariate climate change is expected to impact insect densities and plant growth in complex, and potentially different, ways. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a unique crop system where the increase in quality from chemical defences induced by Empoasca onukii (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) feeding can outweigh reductions in yield and make attack by this leafhopper desirable to tea farmers. Differential impacts of weather attributes on tea and herbivores could impact feasibility of this unique farming strategy in a rapidly changing climate.2. We monitored leafhopper densities and tea shoot growth at a tea farm in Fujian Province, China for 2 months (June and July). We used distributed lag non‐linear models to capture potentially delayed and non‐linear effects of weather attributes on tea growth and leafhopper densities.3. Weather attributes had contrasting effects on leafhopper density and tea shoot growth. Leafhopper densities were highest with low daily mean and maximum temperatures, while warm temperatures favoured tea growth. Effects of temperature on leafhoppers were delayed, while effects on tea growth were immediate. Precipitation reduced tea growth, and had a delayed positive effect on leafhopper density.4. The delayed effects of weather attributes on leafhoppers indicate that earlier, less conspicuous life stages (i.e. eggs and early instar nymphs) may be susceptible to desiccation. Although increasing annual mean temperature is commonly predicted to benefit multivoltine insect pests, our results show that cool, wet conditions benefit E. onukii during summer months when they are most abundant. These results have implications for tea green leafhopper management strategies.
Mixed‐stock analysis using Rapture genotyping to evaluate stock‐specific exploitation of a walleye population despite weak genetic structure
Authors: Euclide Peter T. , MacDougall Tom , Robinson Jason M. , Faust Matthew D. , Wilson Chris C. , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Marschall Elizabeth A. , Larson Wesley , Ludsin Stuart 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMixed‐stock analyses using genetic markers have informed fisheries management in cases where strong genetic differentiation occurs among local spawning populations, yet many fisheries are supported by multiple, weakly differentiated stocks. Freshwater fisheries exemplify this problem, with many populations supported by multiple stocks of young evolutionary age and isolated across small spatial scales. Consequently, attempts to conduct genetic mixed‐stock analyses of inland fisheries have often been unsuccessful. Advances in genomic sequencing offer the ability to discriminate among populations with weak population structure, providing the necessary resolution to conduct mixed‐stock assignment among previously indistinguishable stocks. We used genomic data to conduct a mixed‐stock analysis of eastern Lake Erie's commercial and recreational walleye (Sander vitreus) fisheries and estimate the relative harvest of weakly differentiated stocks (pairwise FST < 0.01). Using RAD‐capture (Rapture), we sequenced and genotyped individuals from western and eastern basin local spawning stocks at 12,081 loci with 95% reassignment accuracy, which was not possible in the past using microsatellite markers. A baseline assessment of 395 walleye from 11 spawning stocks identified three reporting groups and refined previous assessments of gene flow among walleye stocks. Genetic assignment of 1,075 walleye harvested in eastern Lake Erie's recreational and commercial fisheries indicated that western basin stocks constituted the majority of harvest during the peak walleye fishing season (July–September), whereas eastern basin individuals comprised much of the early season harvest (May–June). Clear spatial structure in harvest composition existed; catches in more easterly sites contained more individuals of eastern basin origin than did more westerly sites. Our study provides important stock contribution estimates for Lake Erie fishery management and demonstrates the utility of genomic data to facilitate mixed‐stock analysis in exploited fish populations having weak population structure or limited existing genetic resources.
Effect of dapagliflozin and/or L‐arginine on solid tumor model in mice: The interaction between nitric oxide, transforming growth factor‐beta 1, autophagy, and apoptosis
Authors: Kabel Ahmed M. , Arab Hany H. , Abd Elmaaboud Maaly A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNitric oxide was reported to play an essential role in various physiological and pathological processes in the body. Recent reports suggested that nitric oxide may affect the pathogenesis of cancer. Dapagliflozin is a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor which is commonly used for type‐2 diabetes mellitus management.PurposeThe current work aimed to detect the potential impact of dapagliflozin and/or L‐arginine on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) in mice.MethodsSix equal groups of male BALB/c mice were divided as follows: Control; SEC; SEC + Dapagliflozin; SEC + L‐arginine; SEC + carboxymethyl cellulose; and SEC + Dapagliflozin + L‐arginine group. Tumor volume, survival rate, tissue total nitrate/nitrite, paraoxonase‐1, interleukin 1 alpha (IL‐1α), and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) were determined. Also, caspase 3, beclin‐1, and c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) activities were estimated in the tumor tissues. Sections of the tumor tissues were examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry.ResultsDapagliflozin and/or L‐arginine induced a significant increment of the survival rate, tissue total nitrate/nitrite, paraoxonase‐1, caspase 3, beclin‐1, and JNK activities, significant lowering of the tumor volume, tissue TGF‐β1, and IL‐1α expression alongside an improvement of the histopathologic findings, versus the SEC group. Notably, the combination of dapagliflozin/L‐arginine exerted more pronounced effects versus each agent alone.ConclusionDapagliflozin/L‐arginine combination may confer a novel therapeutic line for cancer therapy.
Innovation success in an emerging economy: A comparison of R&D‐oriented companies in Turkey
Authors: Kleiner‐Schäfer Timo , Liefner Ingo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKnowledge and innovation capacities are unevenly distributed on a global scale, with national or regional settings playing a crucial role when it comes to the production and usage of knowledge. In particular, emerging economies are less equipped with relevant institutions and resources, meaning that firms residing in such contexts are likewise dealing with lacking innovation capabilities. However, achieving innovation is highly relevant for the economic development of firms and regions. Therefore, we aim to identify key factors for innovation strategies in a differentiated corporate landscape that might affect innovation success. Survey data from the innovative segment of 225 manufacturing firms in Istanbul is used in a two‐step methodological approach. We apply dimension reduction through principal component analysis and use the resulting components in logistic regression analysis to estimate their effects on firms’ innovation success. The results reveal not only important findings about factors for the innovation success of firms, but also highly relevant insights about firms’ innovation strategies. The usage of internal and external R&D resources varies with firm type. In addition, we find that external R&D resources determine firms’ internationalization strategies. Hereof, we suggest policy implications for distinct firm types to support diverse innovation strategies and consequently innovation success.
RNA polymerase II condensate formation and association with Cajal and histone locus bodies in living human cells
Authors: Imada Takashi , Shimi Takeshi , Kaiho Ai , Saeki Yasushi , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn eukaryotic nuclei, a number of phase‐separated nuclear bodies (NBs) are present. RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is the main player in transcription and forms large condensates in addition to localizing at numerous transcription foci. Cajal bodies (CBs) and histone locus bodies (HLBs) are NBs that are involved in transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation of small nuclear RNA and histone genes. By live‐cell imaging using human HCT116 cells, we here show that Pol II condensates (PCs) nucleated near CBs and HLBs, and the number of PCs increased during S phase concomitantly with the activation period of histone genes. Ternary PC–CB–HLB associates were formed via three pathways: nucleation of PCs and HLBs near CBs, interaction between preformed PC–HLBs with CBs and nucleation of PCs near preformed CB–HLBs. Coilin knockout increased the co‐localization rate between PCs and HLBs, whereas the number, nucleation timing and phosphorylation status of PCs remained unchanged. Depletion of PCs did not affect CBs and HLBs. Treatment with 1,6‐hexanediol revealed that PCs were more liquid‐like than CBs and HLBs. Thus, PCs are dynamic structures often nucleated following the activation of gene clusters associated with other NBs.
Working intimacies: Migrant beer sellers, surveillance, and intimate labor in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand
Authors: Spitzer Denise L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThousands of rural‐to‐urban migrant women find employment in urban areas of mainland Southeast Asia as beer sellers, beer promoters, and karaoke girls whose duties include selling alcoholic drinks, often on commission, and entertaining clients. Using the label of beer sellers to refer to all of these workers, this paper draws from a sequential mixed‐methods participatory study conducted with migrant beer sellers in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand to examine beer selling as intimate labor. Deploying emotional, affective, and embodied labor as interactive components of intimate labor, migrant beer sellers as members of the urban precariat are subject to myriad forms of surveillance that operate in concert to inform the parameters of beer selling as an intimate industry, the somato‐social presentation of workers' bodies, and their intercorporeal interactions with clients. Together, they work to reinforce gendered and racialized social hierarchies and the normative social order.
Re‐Purposing Groundwater Flow Models for Age Assessments: Important Characteristics
Authors: Juckem Paul F. , Starn J. Jeffery 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGroundwater flow model construction is often time‐consuming and costly, with development ideally focused on a specific purpose, such as quantifying well capture from water bodies or providing flow fields for simulating advective transport. As environmental challenges evolve, the incentive to re‐purpose existing groundwater flow models may increase. However, few studies have evaluated which characteristics of groundwater flow models deserve greatest consideration when re‐purposing models for groundwater age and advective transport simulations. In this paper, we compare simulated age metrics produced by three MODFLOW‐MODPATH models of the same area but with differing levels of complexity (layering and heterogeneity). Comparisons are made at three watershed scales (HUC 8 to HUC 12). Groundwater age metrics, specifically the young fraction and median age of the young and old fractions, are used for evaluation because they relate to intrinsic susceptibility of aquifers and are simpler to interpret than full age distributions used for advective transport. Results indicate that: (1) the young fraction is less sensitive to model layering than the median age of young and old fractions, suggesting that simple models may suffice for basic intrinsic susceptibility assessments; (2) water table mounding and associated discharge into partially penetrating boundaries, such as head‐water streams, is important for simulating both the young fraction and the median age of the young fraction; and (3) the influence of partially penetrating head‐water streams is maintained regardless of the porosity distribution. Results of this work should aid modelers with evaluating the appropriateness of re‐purposing existing groundwater flow models for age simulations.
Emicizumab prophylaxis in haemophilia patients older than 50 years with cardiovascular risk factors: Real‐world data
Authors: Misgav Mudi , Brutman‐Barazani Tami , Budnik Ivan , Avishai Einat , Schapiro Jonathan , Bashari Dalia , Barg Assaf A. , Lubetsky Aaron , Livnat Tami , Kenet Gili 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab (Hemlibra™) is approved for prophylaxis of Haemophilia A (HA) patients with and without inhibitors. However, real‐world data on emicizumab use in the elderly HA patients with concomitant cardiovascular risk factors are lacking.AimTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of emicizumab in a real‐world cohort of elderly HA patients.MethodsA prospective longitudinal observational study on HA patients over 50 years old treated, followed and monitored during emicizumab prophylaxis was conducted. We documented any bleeding or adverse events and collected plasma samples for emicizumab levels, aPTT and thrombin generation (TG).ResultsSeventeen HA patients (2 with inhibitor), whose median age was 62.4 years (range: 51.5–77.1) composed the cohort, including 9/17 with multiple cardiovascular risk factors (high risk group). Seven patients had chronic HIV infection. The median follow‐up of our cohort was 400 days (range 89–805, IQR 211–479 days). The median annualized bleeding rate (ABR) significantly decreased for all patients. Among patients who displayed significant bleeding tendencies, emicizumab steady state levels as well as TG were lower as compared with the group. The ABR of four patients concomitantly treated by antiplatelet agents was significantly higher compared with the rest of the cohort. Neither thrombosis nor thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was encountered.ConclusionsEmicizumab prophylaxis for HA patients older than 50 years including those with cardiovascular risk factors was well tolerated. As lower emicizumab and TG levels were observed among bleeding patients, we suggest that monitoring laboratory assays could be of value within this age group.
Consistency of Helicobacter pylori eradication rates of first‐line concomitant and sequential therapies in Korea: A nationwide multicenter retrospective study for the last 10 years
Authors: Lee Bong Eun , Kim Joon Sung , Kim Byung‐Wook , Kim Jie‐Hyun , Kim Jin Il , Chung Jun‐Won , Jeon Seong Woo , Lee Jeong Hoon , Kim Ji Hyun , Kim Nayoung , Lee Ju Yup , Seo Seung Young , Park Seon‐Young , Kim Sung Eun , Joo Moon Kyung , Song Hyun Joo , Kim Ki Bae , Bang Chang Seok , Kim Hyun Jin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEradication rate of standard triple therapy for H. pylori has declined to unacceptable level, and alternative regimens such as concomitant and sequential therapy have been introduced. We aimed to assess the consistency of eradication rates of concomitant and sequential therapies as for the first‐line H. pylori eradication in Korea.MethodsA nationwide multicenter retrospective study was conducted including 18 medical centers from January 2008 to December 2017. We included 3,800 adults who had test to confirm H. pylori eradication within 1 year after concomitant or sequential therapy.ResultsConcomitant and sequential therapy were prescribed for 2508 and 1292 patients, respectively. The overall eradication rate of concomitant therapy was significantly higher than that of sequential therapy (91.8% vs. 86.1%, p < .001). In time trend analysis, the eradication rates of concomitant therapy were 90.2%, 88.2%, 92.1%, 94.3%, 91.1%, and 93.4% for each year from 2012 to 2017 with an increasing trend (p = .0146), while those of ST showed no significant trend (p = .0873). Among 263 patients with second‐line therapy, bismuth quadruple therapy showed significantly higher eradication rate than quinolone‐based triple therapy (73.9% vs. 51.5% in ITT analysis, p = .001; 82.7% vs. 63.0% in PP analysis, p = .002).ConclusionConcomitant therapy is the best regimen for the first‐line H. pylori eradication showing consistently higher eradication rate with an increasing trend for the last 10 years in Korea. Bismuth quadruple therapy should be considered for second‐line therapy after eradication failure using non‐bismuth quadruple therapy.