bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation is disinhibited following traumatic brain injury in leukemia inhibitory factor heterozygous mice
Authors: Frondelli Michelle J. , Mather Marie L. , Levison Steven W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant problem that affects over 800,000 children each year. As cell proliferation is disturbed by injury and required for normal brain development, we investigated how a pediatric closed head injury (CHI) would affect the progenitors of the subventricular zone (SVZ). Additionally, we evaluated the contribution of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) using germline LIF heterozygous mice (LIF Het), as LIF is an injury‐induced cytokine, known to influence neurogenesis and gliogenesis. CHIs were performed on P20 LIF Het and wild‐type (WT) mice. Ki‐67 immunostaining and stereology revealed that cell proliferation increased ~250% in injured LIF Het mice compared to the 30% increase observed in injured WT mice at 48‐hr post‐CHI. OLIG2+ cell proliferation increased in the SVZ and white matter of LIF Het injured mice at 48‐hr recovery. Using an 8‐color flow cytometry panel, the proliferation of three distinct multipotential progenitors and early oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation was significantly increased in LIF Het injured mice compared to WT injured mice. Supporting its cytostatic function, LIF decreased neurosphere progenitor and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation compared to controls. In highly enriched mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cell cultures, LIF increased phospho‐protein kinase B after 20 min and increased phospho‐S6 ribosomal protein at 20 and 40 min of exposure, which are downstream targets of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Altogether, our data provide new insights into the regulatory role of LIF in suppressing neural progenitor cell proliferation and, in particular, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation after a mild TBI.
Prediction of femoral head coverage from articulated statistical shape models of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Atkins Penny R. , Agrawal Praful , Mozingo Joseph D. , Uemura Keisuke , Tokunaga Kunihiko , Peters Christopher L. , Elhabian Shireen Y. , Whitaker Ross T. , Anderson Andrew E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is commonly described as reduced femoral head coverage due to anterolateral acetabular deficiency. Although reduced coverage is the defining trait of DDH, more subtle and localized anatomic features of the joint are also thought to contribute to symptom development and degeneration. These features are challenging to identify using conventional approaches. Herein, we assessed the morphology of the full femur and hemi‐pelvis using an articulated statistical shape model (SSM). The model determined the morphological and pose‐based variations associated with DDH in a population of Japanese females and established which of these variations predict coverage. Computed tomography (CT) images of 83 hips from 47 patients were segmented for input into a correspondence‐based SSM. The dominant modes of variation in the model initially represented scale and pose. After removal of these factors through individual bone alignment, femoral version and neck‐shaft angle, pelvic curvature, and acetabular version dominated the observed variation. Femoral head oblateness and prominence of the acetabular rim and various muscle attachment sites of the femur and hemi‐pelvis were found to predict 3D CT‐based coverage measurements (R2 = 0.5–0.7 for the full bones,R2 = 0.9 for the joint). Statement of Clinical Significance: Currently, clinical measurements of DDH only consider the morphology of the acetabulum. However, the results of this study demonstrated that variability in femoral head shape and several muscle attachment sites were predictive of femoral head coverage. These morphological differences may provide insight into improved clinical diagnosis and surgical planning based on functional adaptations of patients with DDH.
Effects of different metal ions on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of egg white gel
Authors: Tian Yang , Jin Hetong , Guo Sainan , Lin Songyi , Bao Zhijie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo ameliorate egg white gel's salinity and undesirable texture characteristics during curing, different metal ions (K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+) were used to replace sodium chloride (NaCl) to simulate salted eggs partially. The effects of these ions on the physicochemical properties, microstructure, and gel characteristics of egg white protein were studied.RESULTSLow field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis showed that adding K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ could decrease immobile water content and increase free water content in egg white gel. Circular dichroism/fluorescence spectrophotometry (CD/FL) analysis showed that substitutive addition of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ changed the conformational structure of the protein, which was not conducive to the formation of the three‐dimensional mesh gel structure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that the addition of four metal ions could reduce the thermal denaturation temperature of egg white gel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the gel structure of egg white in the zinc chloride (ZnCl2) group was rougher and more chaotic, the crosslinking degree was worse, so it was not suitable for low sodium salted egg preparations. The gel strength of the calcium chloride (CaCl2) group was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05), while the gel strength of the potassium chloride (KCl) group was similar to the NaCl group (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONCaCl2 and KCl could be used as partial NaCl substitutes to study the addition level and ratio further and improve salted egg white quality. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Distinct microbiota assembly mechanisms revealed in different reconstruction stages during gut regeneration in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Yu Zichao , Xue Zhuang , Liu Chao , Zhang Anguo , Fu Qiang , Yang Kun , Zhang Fang , Ran Liyuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractApostichopus japonicus is a useful model for studying organ regeneration, and the gut microbiota is important for host organ regeneration. However, the reconstruction process and the mechanisms of gut microbiota assembly during gut regeneration in sea cucumbers have not been well studied. In the present study, gut regeneration was induced (via evisceration) in A. japonicus, and gut immune responses and bacterial diversity were investigated to reveal gut microbiota assembly and its possible mechanisms during gut regeneration. The results revealed that bacterial community reconstruction involved two stages with distinct assembly mechanisms, where the reconstructed community was initiated from the bacterial consortium in the residual digestive tract and tended to form a novel microbiota in the later stage of reconstruction. Together, the results of immunoenzyme assays, community phylogenetic analysis, and source tracking suggested that the host deterministic process was stronger in the initial stage than in the later stage. The bacterial interactions that occurred were significantly different between the two stages. Positive interactions dominated in the initial stage, while more complex and competitive interactions developed in the later stage. Such a dynamic bacterial community could provide the host with energetic and immune benefits that promote gut regeneration and functional recovery. The results of the present study provide insights into the processes and mechanisms of gut microbiota assembly during intestinal regeneration that are valuable for understanding gut regeneration mechanisms mediated by the microbiota.
Generalized Bloch model: A theory for pulsed magnetization transfer
Authors: Assländer Jakob , Gultekin Cem , Flassbeck Sebastian , Glaser Steffen J. , Sodickson Daniel K. 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe paper introduces a classical model to describe the dynamics of large spin‐1/2 ensembles associated with nuclei bound in large molecule structures, commonly referred to as the semi‐solid spin pool, and their magnetization transfer (MT) to spins of nuclei in water.Theory and MethodsLike quantum‐mechanical descriptions of spin dynamics and like the original Bloch equations, but unlike existing MT models, the proposed model is based on the algebra of angular momentum in the sense that it explicitly models the rotations induced by radiofrequency (RF) pulses. It generalizes the original Bloch model to non‐exponential decays, which are, for example, observed for semi‐solid spin pools. The combination of rotations with non‐exponential decays is facilitated by describing the latter as Green’s functions, comprised in an integro‐differential equation.ResultsOur model describes the data of an inversion‐recovery magnetization‐transfer experiment with varying durations of the inversion pulse substantially better than established models. We made this observation for all measured data, but in particular for pulse durations smaller than 300 μs. Furthermore, we provide a linear approximation of the generalized Bloch model that reduces the simulation time by approximately a factor 15,000, enabling simulation of the spin dynamics caused by a rectangular RF‐pulse in roughly 2 μs.ConclusionThe proposed theory unifies the original Bloch model, Henkelman’s steady‐state theory for MT, and the commonly assumed rotation induced by hard pulses (i.e., strong and infinitesimally short applications of RF‐fields) and describes experimental data better than previous models.
Drive for thinness in adolescents predicts greater adult BMI in the Growth and Health Study cohort over 20 years
Authors: Laraia Barbara A. , Leung Cindy W. , Tomiyama A. Janet , Ritchie Lorrene D. , Crawford Patricia B. , Epel Elissa S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn youth, a preoccupation with weight and the desire to be thinner, or drive for thinness, might persist into adulthood and predict reward‐based compulsive eating and greater weight status.MethodsA total of 623 women were enrolled from a prospective cohort study starting at 10 years old and assessed up to 20 years later. Drive for thinness was measured five times during adolescence. In adulthood (mean age = 39.5), drive for thinness, reward‐based eating drive, and BMI were measured.ResultsStructural equation modeling found cumulative adolescent drive for thinness predicted higher scores for both adult drive for thinness and reward‐based eating drive. Youth drive for thinness was not directly associated with adult BMI but rather indirectly through adult drive for thinness. Reward‐based eating drive was not associated with adult BMI.ConclusionsDrive for thinness during the critical developmental years may exert long‐term effects on adulthood eating behaviors tied to greater weight gain, potentially reflecting an important early target of intervention.
Experimental study of the effect of GO/WMCNTs on the mechanical properties and impact response of magnesium‐based fiber metal laminates
Authors: Deng Yunfei , Hu Ang , Wei Gang , Wang Ruiwen , Yin Yuan , Zhou Chunping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn order to investigate the effect of graphene oxide (GO)/multi wall carbon nanotubes (WMCNTs) on the mechanical properties and low‐velocity impact response of magnesium‐based fiber metal laminates (FMLs), the FMLs specimens reinforced with GO, WMCNTs or their mixture were prepared, and quasi‐static tensile and low‐velocity drop hammer impact tests were performed. The tensile test results showed that the mechanical performance of FMLs could be improved by adding a certain concentration of nanoparticles. The tensile strength increased by 14.9% and 26.6% when the concentration of GO or WMCNTs is 0.6 wt%, respectively. Due to the agglomeration phenomenon, there are the opposite effect for the tensile strength of FMLs when the particle concentration is excessive. After the mixture of GO and WMCNTs was added to the epoxy matrix, the tensile strength of FMLs could still be increased by 12.8% at the GO to WMCNTs ratio of 0.6:0.9 (the overall concentration of particle is 1.5 wt%). And the elastic modulus is also significantly increased, but it has a negative effect on the ductility. The low‐velocity impact test results showed that the FMLs reinforced a mixture of GO and WMCNTs have greater peak impact load due to the lager stiffness. The FMLs reinforced with WMCNTs have better energy absorption capacity under impact load due to lager damage area.
Pilot randomized psychosocial trial of a screening intervention in pediatric oncology
Authors: Barrera Maru , Desjardins Leandra , Prasad Soni , Shama Wendy , Alexander Sarah , Szatmari Peter , Hancock Kelly 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivePsychosocial screening is a standard of care in pediatric oncology, but there is limited information about how to intervene after screening. This pilot trial aimed to determine feasibility of the novel Enhanced Psychosocial Screening Intervention (EPSI) and explore its preliminary efficacy outcomes. We examined rates of recruitment, retention, intervention acceptability, and monthly distress screening completion, as well as exploratory efficacy outcomes (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System: depression, anxiety and fatigue; distress thermometer, pain and sleep).MethodsParallel‐group randomized pilot trial: Caregiver‐youth (10–17 years at enrollment, newly diagnosed with cancer) dyads were randomly allocated to either EPSI or standard care with 1:1 ratio allocation. EPSI consists of having a Psychosocial Navigator who shares screening results conducted near diagnosis and monthly for one year with treating teams and families, and provides recommendations tailored to screening results.ResultsEnrollment rate was 54% (38 dyads); retention was 90% and acceptability 86% (caregivers) and 76% (youth). Exploratory symptoms of depression, anxiety, distress and fatigue outcomes consistently improved mainly for caregivers.ConclusionsResults suggest EPSI is feasible and acceptable and exploratory mental and physical efficacy outcomes are promising for use in a future confirmatory multisite efficacy trial.
Effect of electrode configurations on the characteristics of the ring–ring typed atmospheric pressure plasma jet and its modification on polymer film
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Shengquan , Wang Jiahao , Chen Sile , Li Meng , Shi Liping , Zhang Xingquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of three different ring electrode configurations (copper wire electrode [CWE], copper foil electrode [CFE], and copper block electrode [CBE]) on the characteristics of the ring–ring typed atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) and polyethylene terephthalate modification. The characteristics of APPJ were simulated and experimentally explored. The results show that APPJ with CWE has the maximum electric field magnitude, power, concentration of reactive species, and gas temperature. While CBE has the most uniform electric field distribution and the most stable discharge process. Besides, CWE has the maximum hydrophilization rate while the CBE has the most uniform modification area. The plasma characteristics and modification effect of APPJ with CFE fall in between.
Linear Hypercumulation Formation Mechanism for π‐Type Shaped Charge
Authors: Shu Yun , Shao Peng , Li Zi‐hao , Dong Chao , Yi Xin‐wei , Cao Zhen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo investigate the formation mechanism of linear hypercumulation (LH) for plane‐symmetric π‐type linear shaped charges (π‐LSC), the formation process of LH was studied by using classical steady jet theory and explosive dynamics. Three associated stages during LH formation were analysed theoretically, including the action of detonation wave and stress wave on primary and additional liners, and two collapse processes of the primary liner. Considering the effect of transmitted stress wave in the additional liner, we proposed a new calculation method for the peak velocity of LH. To verify the theoretical results, a plane‐symmetric π‐LSC along with a classical linear shaped charge (CLSC) known as V‐type structure was simulated by AUTODYN. Results demonstrate that the variation characteristics of the pressure and velocity of LH correspond well to the above three‐stage analysis. The pressure acting on the primary liner is enhanced due to the additional liner, and the truncated structure of the primary liner brings a more reasonable velocity gradient to the spiculate head of LH, evidently improving the peak velocity of LH compared with the CLSC jet by about 70 %. Finally, the penetration experimental results show that the penetration depth by the LH of π‐LSC is greatly improved,73.7 % higher than that of CLSC jet.
Basic Body Awareness Therapy versus standard care in hip osteoarthritis. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Olsen Aarid Liland , Magnussen Liv Heide , Skjaerven Liv Helvik , Assmus Jörg , Sundal Mary‐Anne , Furnes Ove , Hallan Geir , Strand Liv Inger 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCompensational movement patterns in hip osteoarthritis (HOA) are associated with hip dysfunction. Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT) promotes functional movement quality and might, accordingly, be beneficial in HOA.ObjectiveTo examine the outcomes of BBAT compared to standard care in people with HOA after first receiving patient education (PE).Study DesignA prospective, assessor‐blinded, and block‐randomized controlled trial.MethodsCommunity‐living adults with HOA participating in PE were randomly allocated to an intervention group receiving BBAT in groups (12 sessions offered once a week), or a comparison group. Data at baseline (pretest) and at 6 months (posttest) were analyzed. Primary outcomes were pain during walking assessed by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and function by the Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, subscale ADL (HOOS A). Secondary outcomes addressed physical capacity, movement quality, and self‐reported aspects of function and health.ResultsAt pretest, there were no significant differences in demographic and test data between the intervention (n = 51) and the comparison (n = 50) group. Forty‐one intervention and 45 comparison participants completed the posttest. At posttest, no significant differences in change between groups were found on NRS (p = 0.694, effect size (ES) = 0.02) or HOOS A (p = 0.783, ES = 0.07). Among secondary outcomes, movement quality improved significantly more (p < 0.001, ES = 0.84) in the intervention group. Compliance with BBAT varied substantially. Per‐protocol analysis showed changes in favor of the intervention group for self‐efficacy (p = 0.049, ES = 0.36), health (p = 0.037, ES = 0.44), and function (p = 0.029, ES = 0.53) when only intervention participants who completed at least 10 sessions of BBAT were included.ConclusionsBBAT was not found to be a more effective treatment modality than self‐initiated standard care to reduce pain during walking and improve daily functioning in people with HOA. Movement quality was significantly more improved in participants receiving BBAT, and improvement in other health aspects was associated with sufficient therapy compliance.
Selective maintenance on a multi‐state system considering maintenance task assignment and operating cost
Authors: Sun Yao , Sun Zhili , Zhou Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor some engineering systems where there is a finite break between two consecutive missions, maintenance activities can only be performed during the break, and the budget is also limited. Due to limited resources, it is necessary to select a subset of the maintenance activities to be performed, with the aim of meeting the next mission requirement. This is termed as selective maintenance. We propose a selective maintenance model for a multi‐state system in which both maintenance task assignment and operating cost are considered. The algorithm of maintenance task assignment is proposed inspired by the 0–1 knapsack problem to help fulfill the maintenance optimization. The correctness and computationally effectiveness of this algorithm are validated. With the degradation of each component modeled as a homogenous Markov process, the operating cost of the system is modeled based on the Markov reward process and is treated as part of the total cost. Additionally, the randomness of the operating time is considered and the necessity of this consideration is illustrated. The proposed model is applied to a coal transportation system to demonstrate its effectiveness, and the effects of ignoring maintenance task assignment and operating cost are analyzed. The results show that it is essential to take the maintenance task assignment into consideration, especially when the time constraint plays a major limiting role, as failure to do so may lead to poor system optimization. Furthermore, not considering the operating cost will underestimate the requirement of the resources, more so when a higher reliability is required.
Examining the Interaction between two Process‐based L2 Listening Instruction Methods and Listener Proficiency Level: Which form of Instruction Most Benefits Which Learners?
Authors: Yeldham Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examined how L2 listeners’ proficiency levels interacted with the two major process‐based listening instruction methods of (1) strategy training and (2) interactive training (which involved training in strategies and bottom‐up skills), to influence the listeners’ development. In a mixed‐methods design, the quantitative component of the study reanalyzed data from an earlier study by the author which had compared these two instruction methods, with the current study factoring in the listeners’ proficiency level. The less‐proficient listeners (LPLs) were at lower‐intermediate level, and the more‐proficient listeners (MPLs) at intermediate level. Trends in the quantitative data showed that in the interactive course, the LPLs improved their listening comprehension more than the MPLs. By comparison, the strategy course learners at both these proficiency levels improved their listening comprehension to almost equal extent – but slightly less so than the interactive course LPLs. Quantitative and qualitative analyses then highlighted the benefits derived by the interactive course LPLs from learning the bottom‐up skills, especially connected speech and intonation skills. For the MPLs in that course, learning the bottom‐up skills appeared to provide less value than learning the strategies. Implications of the study for listening instruction theory are discussed, with advice given for classroom practice.
Computational Enzyme Design at Zymvol
Authors: Monza Emanuele , Gil Victor , Lucas Maria Fatima 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDirected evolution is the most recognized methodology for enzyme engineering. The main drawback resides in its random nature and in the limited sequence exploration; both require screening of thousands (if not millions) of variants to achieve a target function. Computer-driven approaches can limit laboratorial screening to a few hundred candidates, enabling and accelerating the development of industrial enzymes. In this book chapter, the technology adopted at Zymvol is described. An overview of the current development and future directions in the company is also provided.