bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Educational Game-Based Online Learning Media in Improving Mathematical Communication Skills
Authors: Sutio Sutio 
Published: October 2021

This research is motivated by the low mathematical communication skills about the material of circle elements in the second-grade students of SD Negeri Simpang Sari. This is because online teaching and learning activities are less effective and students' perceptions of the difficulty of learning Mathematics, thus making students less mathematical communication skills when learning Mathematics online. Therefore, researchers make improvements to learning using online learning media based on educational games which are expected to be a solution to the problems found.
The objectives of this study are: 1) Describe the application of online learning media based on educational games in improving mathematical communication skills in second-grade students of SD Negeri Simpang Sari. 2) Describe the improvement of mathematical communication skills after the implementation of online learning media based on educational games for second-grade students of SD Negeri Simpang Sari.
The classroom action research model chosen is the Kurt Lewin model which consists of two cycles with four stages in each cycle, namely planning (implementation), acting (action), observing (observing), and reflecting (reflection). Data collection techniques used are interviews, observations, tests, and virtual documentation.
MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE PLANT ONOSMA GMELINII
Authors: ШИЛОВ С.В. , УСТЕНОВА Г.О. , КИЕКБАЕВА Л.Н. , КОРОТЕЦКИЙ И.С. 
Published: October 2021

Целью данной работы являлось изучение минерального состава надземной части и корня растения Onosma gmelinii. Количественное содержание минеральных элементов определяли методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии на базе Центра физико-химических методов исследования и анализа. Концентрацию тяжелых металлов в растительном сырье определяли в ТОО «Нутритест». В результате исследования установлено, что элементный состав растения Onosma gmelinii включают 9 элементов. Анализ тяжелых металлов свидетельствует об экологической безопасности растительного сырья. Полученные данные позволяют утверждать о наличии значительного количества важных минеральных веществ в растении и перспективности использования данного сырья в медицине
The goal of this work was to study the mineral composition of the aerial part and root of the plant Onosma gmelinii. The quantitative content of mineral elements was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry at the Center of Physicochemical Methods of Research and Analysis. The concentration of heavy metals in the plant raw material was determined at Nutritest LLP. As a result of the study, it was found that the elemental composition of the Onosma gmelinii plant includes 9 elements. Analysis of heavy metals evidences the environmental safety of plant raw materials. The data obtained allow us to assert the presence of a significant amount of essential minerals in the plant and the prospects for the use of this raw material in the medical field.
OBSTETRIC TACTICS FOR COVID - 19(LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: БЕГНИЯЗОВА Ж.С. , БИЩЕКОВА Б.Н. , ДЖАРДЕМАЛИЕВА Н.Ж. , МУХАМЕДОВА А.М. , АРИФОВА Ф.А. , ДЖАУАРОВА А.Ж. , АЛИ Г.А. 
Published: October 2021

Статья посвящена одной из актуальных проблем современного акушерства на сегодняшний день - Covid-19.На сегодняшний день нет достаточного количества наблюдений за беременными женщинами, инфицированными Covid-19, однако некоторые наблюдения за инфицированными беременными в Китае, США, России позволяют сделать некоторые выводы. Таким образом, Covid-19 наиболее опасен во втором и третьем триместре с учетом нагрузок на разные системы организма. Ни в коем случае нельзя забывать и про факторы риска самой беременности. Чтобы не увеличивать процент материнской или младенческой смертности, не надо забывать о периоде, когда больная должна проходить скрининги. Все беременные независимо от коронавируса должны проходить обследования в четко установленные протоколом ведения беременности сроки. Своевременно сдавать анализы, проводить УЗИ, консультироваться у врача. Не пропускать сроков акушерского скрининга - это гарантия снижения акушерских и неонатальных осложнений.
To date, there are not enough observations of pregnant women infected with COVID-19, however, some observations of infected pregnant women in China, the United States, Russia allow us to draw some conclusions. Thus, COVID-19 is most dangerous in the second and third trimester, taking into account the loads on different body systems. In no case should we forget about the risk factors of pregnancy itself. In order not to increase the percentage of maternal or infant mortality, one should not forget about the period when the patient should be screened. All pregnant women, regardless of the coronavirus, must undergo examinations within the periods clearly established by the pregnancy management protocol. Timely take tests, conduct an ultrasound scan, consult a doctor. Not missing the deadlines for obstetric screening is a guarantee of reducing obstetric and neonatal complications.
DETERGENT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: КЕНШИЛИКОВА Н.К. , КОНЫРБАЕВА А.Т. , ЕГИЗБАЕВА Ш.А. , МАКАШЕВА Н.О. , АШИМОВА Н.Т. 
Published: October 2021

Работа предназначена для комплексного решения задач синтетического моющего производства: Обеспечение качества мойки, очистки. Каждая из этих проблем требует соблюдения соответствующих физико-химических параметров раствора, подходящих, с одной стороны, для образования мицеллы (при промывке), с другой - для разрушения коллоидной структуры раствора и выделения поверхностно-активных веществ (ПАВ) и загрязняющих веществ при очистке сточных вод. В работе изучены условия электрохимической обработки моющих растворов для повышения качества мойки и эффективной очистки. Полученные результаты позволили представить технологическую технологию, основанную на замкнутом круговороте воды. В качестве регулирующего агента рекомендуется использовать электролиты, которые обеспечивают дезинфекцию моющих растворов без значительной минерализации.
The work is intended for a comprehensive solution of the problems of synthetic detergent production: Ensuring the quality of washing and cleaning. Each of these problems requires compliance with the appropriate physical and chemical parameters of the solution, suitable, on the one hand, for the formation of micelles (during washing), on the other - for the destruction of the colloidal structure of the solution and the release of surfactants (surfactants) and pollutants during wastewater treatment. The paper studies the conditions of electrochemical treatment of cleaning solutions to improve the quality of washing and effective cleaning. The results obtained allowed us to present a technological technology based on a closed water cycle. As a regulating agent, it is recommended to use electrolytes that provide disinfection of cleaning solutions without significant mineralization
INTERACTION OF SOME ANTIBIOTICS WITH SEMIORGANIC IODINE ADDUCTS
Authors: ДЖУМАГАЗИЕВА А.Б. , САХИПОВ Е.Н. , ТУРГАНБАЙ С. , АТАГЕЛЬДИЕВА Н.М. , ДАТХАЕВ У.М. , ИЛЬИН А.И. 
Published: October 2021

Лекарственная устойчивость к антибиотикам вызвала необходимость поиска новых лекарственных средств и лекарственных форм. Известно, что семиорганические аддукты иода обладают широким спектром антимикробного действия. Эти же соединения, содержащие в своем составе молекулу галогена - иода, могут выступать в качестве галогенирующего агента в отношении антибиотиков. Изучено взаимодействие антибиотиков тетрациклина, гентамицина, хлорамфеникола, относящихся к классам поликетидов, аминогликозидов и амфениколов, соответственно, с аддуктом иода методами рефрактометрии, УФ-спектроскопии и ИК-спектроскопии. Показано, что антибиотик хлорамфеникол не взаимодействует с семиорганическим аддуктом иода ди2-аминопропионовой кислоты дитрииодоводород моногидратом (субстанция D1).
Antibiotic drug resistance has necessitated the search for new drugs and dosage forms. It is known that semiorganic iodine adducts have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial effects. The same compounds containing a halogen-iodine molecule may act as a antibiotics halogenating agent. The interaction of antibiotics tetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol belonging to the classes of polyketides, aminoglycosides and amphenicols, respectively, with iodine adduct by refractometry, UV spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy was studied. It has been shown that the antibiotic chloramphenicol does not interact with the semiorganic adduct of di-2-aminopropionic acid ditriiodinehydride monohydrate (D1 substance).
Caracterização e contextualização histórica: moradores em situação de rua, o fenômeno da vulnerabilidade
Authors: Giacomelli Eliane Terezinha , Schroeder Tania Maria Rechia 
Published: October 2021

A utilização da rua como espaço de moradia e permanecia é uma realidade cada vez mais observável e tampouco um fenômeno só brasileiro. Viver em um cenário de extrema vulnerabilidade e risco e degradante, porém, cada vez mais real para inúmeras pessoas ao redor do mundo, ocasionadas por diversas causas. Assim, destaca-se como objetivo central desse estudo a contextualização histórica e a caracterização dos moradores em situação de rua. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de caráter exploratório descritivo, construída a partir da revisão bibliográfica. Os estudos analisados demostram que, mesmo diante das especificidades e a complexidade que envolve o morador de rua, os mesmos continuam ocupando espaços e as políticas produzindo assujeitamento. Sob um fenômeno estigmatizante, as ações continuam assistencialistas, autoritárias e sob uma perspectiva de higienização. A partir dos resultados encontrados considera-se a necessidade de uma política intersetorial que abarque ações junto aos equipamentos e serviços em rede intensificada no que tange a prevenção da exclusão e a promoção dos resultados mais eficazes aos que vivem à margem das políticas de acesso e cuidado.
Entrevista com a Professora Micaela Ramon
Authors: Furtoso Viviane Bagio , Barros Ev Angela Batista Rodrigues de 
Published: October 2021

Entrevista com Maria Micaela Dias Pereira Ramon Moreira, professora auxiliar do Departamento de Estudos Portugueses e Lusófonos do Instituto de Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade do Minho, onde leciona Literatura Portuguesa da época clássica e Português como Língua Estrangeira, em cursos de graduação, pós-graduação e extensão.
O mundo em uma sala — quando o português chama
Authors: Da Ros Pietra , Volmer Lovani , Martins Rosemari Lorenz 
Published: October 2021

Este estudo embasa-se na concepção de língua enquanto prática social e considera-a fator determinante para a inserção social e sinônimo de identidade. Nesse sentido, pretende discutir, com base em atividades realizadas com migrantes e refugiados em um projeto de extensão universitária - “O Mundo em XX: refugiados e migrantes – uma questão de Direitos Humanos” -, a importância da língua como acolhimento e construção de identidade. Para tanto, contextualiza-se o Projeto e seus atores, assim como o ambiente multicultural e multilíngue em que são desenvolvidas as oficinas, em especial as de Língua Portuguesa, em uma perspectiva dialógica, com foco na comunicação como facilitadora para a realização das demais atividades e como premissa para a constituição identitária.
Natural Selection: Introduction
Authors: Reznick David , Travis Joseph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAll organisms produce more offspring during their lifetimes than are required to replace themselves, which means that all organisms should have growing populations. Most organisms instead have relatively stable populations, so that, of all those born, only some survive to reproduce and those that reproduce vary in how successful they are. If the features of organisms that give them greater lifetime reproductive success are heritable, meaning that they are transmitted from parents to offspring, then in each successive generation a greater proportion of the population will share these attributes. This process, called natural selection, explains how organisms adapt to their physical and biotic environment. We also think it is the primary mechanism that causes cladogenesis, or the diversification of one ancestral species into multiple descendant species.Key ConceptsArtificial selection shows us how selection works and illustrates the capacity of organisms to evolve.Evolution by natural selection is inevitable because organisms vary in traits that are transmitted from parent to offspring, and some of those traits influence reproductive success, or the number of offspring that survive to produce offspring of their own.The traits favoured by natural selection are ‘context specific’, meaning that they are specific to the environment the organism experiences; ‘environment’ includes both the physical and biotic environments, with the latter pertaining to the other organisms the target organism interacts with.Evolution by natural selection can cause speciation, or the origin of populations that are sufficiently different from all others to be recognized as a distinct entity.The distinctness of species and higher divisions in the taxonomic hierarchy (genera, families, etc.) is defined by extinction, which eliminates the evidence of the continuous change of organisms over time.Natural selection affects individual survival and reproductive success, but evolution is perceived at the level of populations and in how populations change over time.Natural selection can enforce stability if selection favours the average phenotype and eliminates extremes.Negative frequency‐dependent selection, or selection that favours rare phenotypes, can also promote stability because formerly rare phenotypes lose their advantage as they become more common. This process occurs in many ways and is likely a major force in evolution.DNA sequences can reveal portions of genes with rates of base pair substitutions that are either too slow (stabilising or purifying selection) or too fast (directional selection) relative to noncoding regions of DNA.Studies of how molecules function can reveal how different forms of a protein are better suited to different environmental conditions, which is another way to assess how natural selection has moulded the features of organisms.The rate at which evolution by natural selection can occur and the amount of change that is attainable suggests that natural selection by itself is sufficient to account for the origin of the diversity of life.
Wide Voltage Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitors: Advances, Strategies, and Challenges
Authors: Huang Jun , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAsymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) can substantially broaden their working voltage range, benefiting from the advantages of both cathode and anode while breaking through the energy storage limitations of corresponding symmetric cells. Wide voltage aqueous ASCs hold great promise for future electronic systems that require satisfied energy density, power density, and cycle life, due to the advantages of aqueous electrolyte in terms of low cost, operational safety, facile manufacture, environment‐friendly, and high ionic conductivity. This review will first briefly present an overview of the historical developments, charge storage mechanisms, and matching principles of wide voltage aqueous ASCs. Then, the cathode and anode materials with wide potential windows for building wide voltage aqueous ASCs over the last few decades are summarized. The next section details the optimization methods of aqueous electrolyte related to wide voltage aqueous ASCs. In addition, the basic device configurations of wide voltage aqueous ASCs are classified and discussed. Furthermore, several strategies are proposed for achieving high‐performance wide voltage aqueous ASCs in terms of voltage window, specific capacitance, rate performance, and electrochemical stability. Finally, to motivate further research and development, several key scientific challenges and the perspectives are discussed.
Elimination of Interfacial‐Electrochemical‐Reaction‐Induced Polarization in Perovskite Single Crystals for Ultrasensitive and Stable X‐Ray Detector Arrays
Authors: Song Yilong , Li Liqi , Hao Mingwei , Bi Weihui , Wang Anran , Kang Yifei , Li Hanming , Li Xiaohui , Fang Yanjun , Yang Deren , Dong Qingfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskites have exhibited bright prospects in high‐sensitivity X‐ray detection. However, they generally suffer from the severe field‐driven polarization issue that remarkably deteriorates the detection performance. Here, it is demonstrated that the interfacial electrochemical reaction between Au electrodes and halogen in MAPbI3 single crystals (SCs) is the major source of the dark current polarization in the metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM)‐structured perovskite X‐ray detectors at the initial stage of biasing. By introducing the p‐ and n‐type charge transport layers to isolate the electrodes from contacting the SC surface, the polarization is fully eliminated under a large electric field up to 1000 V cm−1. Moreover, the resultant lateral p–i–n heterojunction suppresses the dark current of the devices by nearly 3 orders of magnitude as compared to the MSM counterparts and therefore enables a high sensitivity of 5.2 × 106 µC Gy−1air cm−2 and a record low X‐ray detection limit down to 0.1 nGyair s−1. The excellent biasing stability and sensitivity of the devices allow to prepare the linear detector arrays for X‐ray imaging applications.
Self‐Supporting 3D Carbon Nitride with Tunable n → π* Electronic Transition for Enhanced Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: An Sufeng , Zhang Guanghui , Li Keyan , Huang Zhennan , Wang Xiang , Guo Yongkang , Hou Jungang , Song Chunshan , Guo Xinwen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSelf‐supporting 3D (SSD) carbon nitrides (UCN‐X, X = 600–690; where X represents the pyrolytic temperature) consisting of curved layers, with plenty of wrinkles and enlarged size, are synthesized via a facile stepwise pyrolytic strategy. Such unique features of the SSD structure exhibiting dramatically improved charge mobility, extended π‐conjugated aromatic system, and partial distortion of heptazine‐based skeleton can not only keep the easier activation of the intrinsic π → π* electronic transition but also awaken the n → π* electronic transition in carbon nitride. The n → π* electronic transition of UCN‐X can be controllably tuned through changing the pyrolytic temperature, which can greatly extend the photoresponse range to 600 nm. More importantly, the change regularity of H2 evolution rates is highly positive, correlated with the change tendency of n → π* electronic transition in UCN‐X, suggesting the positive contribution of n → π* electronic transition to enhancing photocatalytic activity. The UCN‐670, with optimal structural and optical properties, presents enhanced H2 evolution rate up to 9230 µmol g−1 h−1 (Pt 1.1 wt%). This work realizes the synergistic optimization of optical absorption and exciton dissociation via fabricating an SSD structure. It offers a new strategy for the development of novel carbon nitride materials for efficient photocatalytic reactions.
Surface Chemistry Engineering of Perovskite Quantum Dots: Strategies, Applications, and Perspectives
Authors: Bai Yang , Hao Mengmeng , Ding Shanshan , Chen Peng , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe presence of surface ligands not only plays a key role in keeping the colloidal integrity and non‐defective surface of metal halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), but also serves as a knob to tune their optoelectronic properties for a variety of exciting applications including solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. However, these indispensable surface ligands may also deteriorate the stability and key properties of PQDs due to their highly dynamic binding and insulating nature. To address these issues, a number of innovative surface chemistry engineering approaches have been developed in the past few years. Based on an in‐depth fundamental understanding of the surface atomistic structure and surface defect formation mechanism in the tiny nanoparticles, a critical overview focusing on the surface chemistry engineering of PQDs including advanced colloidal synthesis, in‐situ surface passivation, and solution‐phase/solid‐state ligand exchange is presented, after which their unprecedented achievements in photovoltaics and other optoelectronics are presented. The practical hurdles and future directions are critically discussed to inspire more rational design of PQD surface chemistry toward practical applications.
Interaction Between Hyaluronic Acid Semi‐Interpenetrated Hydrogel with Bull Spermatozoa: Studies of Sperm Attachment–Release and Sperm Quality
Authors: Blois Damian A. , Liaudat Ana C. , Capella Virginia , Morilla Gricelda , Rivero Rebeca E. , Broglia Martin F. , Barbero Cesar A. , Rodríguez Nancy , Bosch Pablo , Rivarola Claudia R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe study of living systems in contact with biocompatible synthetic hydrogels is developing. The authors’ group is the first to propose use of polymeric materials to accomplish sperm selection process by attachment of bull sperm to hydrogel surfaces, this being a crucial step for successful assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). Surfaces based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels (PNIPAM) and ionic and neutral copolymers are synthetized. Their physicochemical properties in aqueous and culture medium are related to the percentage of attachment and subsequent release of bull spermatozoa from the hydrogel surface. High attaching capacity (30–45%) of sperm on cationic and neutral surfaces is mainly observed, however, sperm detachment from the hydrogel using traditional induction processes (i.e., sperm capacitation) is not significant. Therefore, PNIPAM‐co‐20%‐N‐Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl acrylamide (PNIPAM‐HMA) hydrogel surface is semi‐interpenetrated with hyaluronic acid (HA). In this case, 50% of spermatozoa are attached to PNIPAM‐HMA‐HA hydrogel and after treatment with hyaluronidase, 47% of them are released. Collected sperm show acceptable characteristics of progressive motility (70% with score 4 for vigor), high viability, and cytoplasmic membrane integrity. Noteworthy, the study of the interaction of hydrogel surface/spermatozoa can be extended to human and other mammalian species, in order to provide advanced alternatives for gamete selection for ARTs.
Low‐Cost Polyanion‐Type Sulfate Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Gao Yun , Zhang Hang , Liu Xiao‐Hao , Yang Zhuo , He Xiang‐Xi , Li Li , Qiao Yun , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecently, environmental degradation along with the energy crisis has led to an urgent necessity to develop renewable and clean energy storage devices. The sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have become promising candidates in the whole energy storage system, due to its rich and low‐cost sodium resources. To accelerate the commercialization of SIBs, the energy density of SIBs needs to be further improved. Increasing the operating voltage of SIBs is considered to be an effective method, which requires stable and high‐voltage cathode materials. Comparatively, polyanionic sulfate materials (PSMs) with stable skeletons, adjustable structures, operational safety, and the high electronegativity of SO42− are believed to be the most promising high‐energy‐cathodes. In this review, recent progresses on several typical sulfates for SIBs are summarized. What's more, based on their intrinsic characteristics, the structures and kinetic behaviors of PSMs are also discussed. Reported measures to optimize their electrochemical performances and structural stability are summarized and reviewed. The key challenges and corresponding opportunities for PSMs are also discussed. The insights presented in this review may be a guide for designing and developing stable and practical PSMs for room‐temperature SIBs, which is conducive to promoting their industrialization.