bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instructional Responses to Ethnically Diverse Nursing Students
Authors: Yoder Marian K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to identify the processes by which nurse educators teach ethnically diverse nursing students and to formulate a substantive theory that explains the processes of responding and the potential consequences of educators' actions for students. Data were obtained by in-depth interviews with two groups of informants: 26 nurse educators teaching in California nursing programs and 17 ethnic minority nurses representing three population groups: Asian-Americans, African- Americans, and Mexican-Americans. Strategies from Grounded Theory Methodology were used for data analysis and theory development. The findings describe the process of responding and the five patterns of variation in faculty responses to ethnically diverse nursing students. Issues faculty might examine when interacting with ethnically diverse students and the positive and negative consequences of different patterns of interactions are described.
Violence-Related Content in the Nursing Curriculum: A National Study
Authors: Woodtli M Anne , Breslin Eileen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Educational preparation of nurses is key to their effective participation in prevention, assessment, treatment and care of victims and survivors of violence. This exploratory study examined the extent, placement, and faculty responsible for curricular content on abuse and violence against women, children, and elders. The national study, grounded within an ecological framework, used a 35-item mailed questionnaire that included demographic, course content and curriculum development items. Completed questionnaires were returned from 298 (48%) of programs surveyed. Findings showed that most programs included content related to women, child and elder abuse; each content area was presented in two hours or less; and clinical practice opportunities were primarily coincidental. Fifty-three percent of respondents believed content was adequately addressed; 68% recommended curriculum development workshops to address curricular issues related to violence. The significance of the study is related to the relevancy of current nursing education to social problems of increasing violence and abuse.
Relationship Between Selected Discourse Strategies and Student Critical Thinking
Authors: Rossignol Marycarol 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study investigated the relationship between use of selected discourse strategies and level of student critical thinking in nursing clinical post-conferences. Selected discourse strategies included: (a) teacher high-levei questions, (b) teacher elaboration of student ideas, (c) teacher probing questions, (d) student participation, and (e) student-to-student participation. The level of student critical thinking was defined as the quartile ranking of students (N=57) on the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal summative measure. It was hypothesized that greater use of discourse strategies would be associated with high-levels of student critical thinking.
All discourse strategies were significantly associated (p < .0001) to student quartile ranking for one taping session Conference II). Further analysis, however, revealed ambiguous patterns of two-way associations. The more consistent findings suggested a conceptual relationship between less student talk and student-to-student talk and high-levels of student critical thinking.
Computer-Assisted Diagnosis of Strabismus
Authors: Albicka Krystyna , Metz Henry S , Albicki Alexander , Cohen Gerald 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A program for use on a microcomputer was developed to assist in the diagnosis of strabismus. The matrix consists of 41 separate disorders and 59 facts (history and examination findings). The facts are answered in a yes/no format. The relationship between the fact and the disorder is weighted as to whether the fact is always present, usually present, sometimes present, not related, unlikely to be present, not usually present, or never present.
The computer makes the diagnosis (or diagnoses) indicating the most likely disorder when several are possible from the information given. Over 300 patient files were tested with the program. Of the last 50 records reviewed (70 disorders), the computer diagnosis agreed with the clinical diagnosis in 91% of the cases. Continued refinement of the program should be able to improve this accuracy.
Prolonged Survival of a Child With Metastatic Retinoblastoma
Authors: Petersen Robert A , Friend Stephen H , Albert Daniel M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A boy was discovered to have retinoblastoma in his right eye at age 29 months. The eye was enucleated and showed invasion of the choroid and optic nerve on examination. Bone marrow aspiration was negative in January 1981. Orbital recurrence was noted 1 month later and bone marrow aspiration was positive 2 months later. MAD-DOC* chemotherapy and radiation therapy to the right orbit and brain were initiated immediately. The tumor has remained in remission since completion of the chemotherapy 18 months later. A preleukemic syndrome occurred in July 1984, and a successful bone marrow transplantation was performed in November 1984. He resumed normal growth and has remained well. Metastatic retinoblastoma should no longer be thought of as invariably fatal.
Eyelid Depigmentation Following Corticosteroid Injection for Infantile Ocular Adnexal Hemangioma
Authors: Cogen Martin S , Elsas Frederick J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTWe report an unusual case of development of upper eyelid depigmentation in a child 4 months following corticosteroid injection of a periocular capillary hemangioma. Depigmentation has been described with local steroid injections for other dermatologie conditions, but has not been reported previously with treatment of infantile ocular adnexal hemangiomas.
Optic Disc Drusen and Primary Megalencephaly in Children
Authors: Hoover Darren L , Robb Richard M , Petersen Robert A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three patients with primary megalencephaly were identified among 40 children seen in our clinic with pseudopapilledema due to optic disc drusen. These patients were genetically unrelated and did not have cutaneous hemangiomas, distinguishing their condition from the Riley-Smith syndrome. Although the nature of the relationship between optic disc drusen and primary megalencephaly is not clear, we feel that the two conditions have more than a chance association. A clinically important consideration is that the concomitant occurrence of pseudopapilledema due to optic disc drusen and a large head due to primary megalencephaly may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of increased Intracranial pressure in children.
Long-Term Results: Botulinum for Sixth Nerve Palsy
Authors: Wagner Rudolph S , Frohman Larry P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eight patients with intracranial malignancies or vascular lesions and sixth nerve palsies were treated with botulinum toxin chemodenervation of the antagonist medial rectus muscle. Primary deviation ranged from 20 to 75 prism diopters (pd) of esotropia. Six were treated acutely (within 3 months of onset) and two, which demonstrated partial recovery of lateral rectus function but with residual esotropia and diplopia, were treated after 6 months. After a mean follow-up of 20.6 months, seven were diplopia-free with excellent rotations. Five had complete resolution ot the esotropia and diplopia, with near complete recovery of abduction. One had 6 pd residual esotropia, while another, whose sixth nerve had been resected, required a modified Jensen procedure, resulting in full rotations. The single case of bilateral sixth nerve palsy had a functional improvement but was lost to follow-up. One patient had a vertical strabismus induced with the injection and had a gradual return of the esotropia.
Regional Uveal Response to Increased Nutritional Needs in the Retinal Zone of the Developing Eye Demonstrated in an Eye With Retinoblastoma
Authors: Wolter J Reimer 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The outer layers of the normal retina depend on indirect nutrition originating in the choriocapillaris and supplied to the retina by way of the pigment epithelium. An eye with exophytic retinoblastoma is used to demonstrate increased vascularity and tissue substance in the adjacent choroid believed to be indirectly induced by a regional increase in nutritional requirements in the retinal zone of a developing eye.
Exercise Induced Esotropia
Authors: Oesterle Carolyn S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A case of unusual intermittent esotropia and diplopia is reported. A 13-year-old boy experienced diplopia during vigorous exercise that resolved within 30 minutes after stopping the exercise. The symptoms had been present unchanged since age 6. Examination revealed orthophoria- After vigorous exercise an esotropia of 14 prism diopters in the distance developed, which gradually resolved over 30 minutes. Neurologic evaluation, CT scan, and magnetic resonance imaging scan have been normal. The symptoms have continued unchanged for 11 years. To my knowledge, no other similar case of exercise induced esotropia has been reported.
Diffuse Iris Nevus in Oculodermal Melanocytosis: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Ticho Benjamin H , Tso Mark O M , Kishi Shoji 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We studied by light and electron microscopy the diffuse iris nevus of an eye in a 16-year-old patient with oculodermal melanocytosis and choroidal malignant melanoma. The nevus cells in the anterior border layer of the iris appeared to be poorly differentiated, showing moderate infolding of the nuclear membrane with heterochromatin clumping, watery cytoplasm, abundant mitochondria, fine filaments, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and numerous pinocytotic vesicles. Small scattered immature melanosomes and occasional giant meianosomes were observed in these cells. Deep in the iris stroma, however, nevus cells were found singly or in small groups, and were associated with an increasing number of melanized melanosomes and cytoplasmic filaments and reduced numbers of other cytoplasmic organelles, such as mitochondria and free ribosomes. Differentiation of the iris nevus cells appeared to progress from the anterior border layer toward the iris stroma. This observation suggests that intrastromal nevi may be more benign than nevi with surface plaque. The ultrastructural characteristics of the diffuse nevi of oculodermal melanocytosis were compared with those of other iris nevi.
Intraocular Histiocytic Lymphoma: A Pediatric Case Presentation
Authors: Stephenson P Dee G , Duffey Richard J , Ferguson James G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An 11 -year-old white ternate with a 5-month history ot stage IV systemic histiocytic lymphoma presented in relapse with a red, painful left eye with a decrease in visual acuity- A diagnostic anterior chamber paracentesis was performed revealing cells consistent with the systemic diagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma. Also, at that time, central nervous system involvement was found. This is the youngest patient to our knowledge to have documented intraocular involvement from histiocytic lymphoma. She is also unusual in that the ocular involvement was predominantly localized to the anterior segment.
Synergistic Divergence: Saccadic Velocity Analysis and Surgical Results
Authors: Hamed Latif M , Lingua Robert W , Fanous Maher M , Saunders Timothy G , Lusby Franklin W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The clinical findings are described in four patients with Synergistic divergence (SD), an ocular motility disorder which is considered to be a variant of Duane retraction syndrome (DRS). Saccadic velocity studies in three patients demonstrated preserved abducting saccades in the affected eye with equally reduced amplitudes on both attempted abduction and adduction. The preserved saccades on attempted abduction of the affected eye, coupled with electromyographic evidence that shows maintenance of normal reciprocal innervation with respect to gaze on attempted abduction as dictated by Sherrington's law, strongly suggest that the abducens nerve is not necessarily absent or severely hypoplastic in this condition. One patient showed typical DRS in the contralateral eye and had a son with bilateral DRS, attesting to a possible genetic and etiologic relationship between SD and DRS. Three patients underwent strabismus surgery. Review of our surgical results and an analysis of the literature indicate that a crippling procedure to the ipsi lateral lateral rectus muscle, such as extirpation, may be necessary to eliminate simultaneous abduction. Over-correction did not occur following lateral rectus extirpation.
Traumatic Cataract Surgery With Intraocular Lens Implantation in Children
Authors: Gupta Ashok K , Grover Ashok K , Gurha Nita 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We evaluated our experience of intraocular lens implantation in 22 children with uniocular traumatic cataract. Good visual acuity was achieved in a large proportion of the children despite associated corneal opacities and several intraoperative and postoperative complications. Our study suggests that intraocular lens implantation may have a major role in management of monocular cataracts in children.
Changes in Astigmatism After Surgery for Congenital Ptosis
Authors: Cadera W , Orton R B , Hakim O 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To determine the effect of ptosis surgery on the astigmatic refractive error in pediatrie patients, we assessed 88 eyes postoperatively at 3, 6, and 12 months. Thirty-six eyes of unilateral cases were used as controls. There was an overall increase in average astigmatic refractive error of the study group by 0.30 diopters, while the control group decreased 0.15 D. Thirty-six percent of study eyes changed by more than 0.75 D.
Results were similar for both fascia lata slings and levator resections. Those patients older than 4 years showed an increase in average cylinder (0.50 D), while those younger than 4 years decreased their average cylinder (0.20 D). Careful monitoring with postoperative refractions is required in pediatrie ptosis patients.
Visual Acuity After Successful Treatment of Large Macular Retinoblastoma
Authors: Buckley Edward G , Heath Heather 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent trends in the treatment of retinobiastoma have favored radiation therapy as opposed to enucleation. A major determining factor in selecting radiation therapy is the possibility of useful posttreatment visual function. While the treatment of nonmacular tumors seems reasonable, little information is available about the posttreatment visual outcome of large posterior pole tumors. We treated 17 patients (20 eyes) with group IU-V retinobiastoma and large posterior pole tumors with external beam radiation. Visual acuity after treatment ranged from 5/200 to 20/50. Potential posttreatment visual function was difficult to predict using such pretreatment factors as age at diagnosis, funduscopic appearance, and the number, size, and location of the tumors. Surprising visual function was obtained in some patients with multiple large macular tumors. Follow up ranged from 1 to 8 years. No patient developed metastatic disease; however, four patients required subsequent cataract extraction. This study supports the consideration of radiation therapy as the primary treatment in eyes previously felt to have a poor visual outcome.
Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ocular Motility
Authors: Cadera W , Viirre E , Karlik S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a technique of generation of a cine motion picture of ocular movements in a patient with Duane Type Il exotropia. With the magnetic resonance scanning unit, multiple scans can be sequenced to give a graphic animation to the eyes as targets are fixated across the visual field.
With this technique, we were able to clearly view the contractility of the extraocular muscles and note the changes in pulling directions of the muscles in this patient. The restriction of movement due to the cocontraction of the horizontal rectus muscles was readily apparent.
Intraoperative Succinylcholine and the Postoperative Eye Alignment
Authors: Lingua Robert W , Feuer William 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In 99 patients undergoing strabismus surgery, an intravenous bolus of succinylcholine (Sen) was given after completion of the strabismus procedure. Reliable data were obtained in 53 patients. The interlimbal distance measured at 60 seconds after injection (VR60) was compared to the interlimbal distance at 1 and 6 weeks postoperatively, to evaluate the correlation between the drug-induced eye position under anesthesia and the awake-eye alignment postoperatively. Correlations were highest in patients undergoing symmetric recessions of the medial or lateral recti in primary horizontal strabismus. Confidence intervals of 0.8 to 1.2 were noted for both the esotropia and exotropia groups. Two patients experienced Sch-related complications of masseter spasm and prolonged apnea. Although infrequent, the potential gravity of the complications from Sch use and the currently enjoyed high rate of success in primary strabismus surgery suggest that these formulas not be used clinically. Nonetheless, the high correlations between the drug-induced and awake ocular position provide further support to the premise that the Sch sensitive fibers provide an important motor component to the awake eye position.
Periodic Alternating Esotropia
Authors: Hamed Latif M , Silbiger Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Periodic alternating esotropia (PAE) is a rare ocular motility disturbance observed in association with periodic alternating gaze deviation (PAG) or periodic alternating nystagmus. We examined a 9-month-old developmental^ delayed girl who showed PAE occurring synchronously with PAG. The ocular motility disorder consisted of rhythmic alternating fixation with the right eye in abduction, a left face turn and esotropia of the left eye (90 seconds), a changeover phase (10 to 15 seconds) during which the eyes are straight and the head is upright, then fixation with the left eye in abduction, a right face turn, and esotropia of the left eye (90 seconds). There was no spontaneous jerk nystagmus present. These findings continued incessantly during a follow-up period of 18 months. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed pronounced cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. Only three clinically similar cases have been previously reported, but none had been studied with modern neuroimaging techniques.
Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens Correction of Aphakia Following Congenital Cataract Removal During Infancy
Authors: Amos Christopher F , Lambert Scott R , Ward Michael A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses were prescribed and worn with little difficulty by 10 consecutive aphakic infants. Fluoroperm 92 lenses were used instead of silicone lenses (Bausch & Lomb) because of their lower cost, ease in handling, flexibility in design, and better neutralization of astigmatism. Lenses were worn on a daily wear basis (with occasional overnight wear) to reduce the risk of keratitis. Keratometry readings were taken at the time of surgery with the patient in a supine position. Trial lens fitting was performed 1 to 7 days later using a Burton Lamp.
None of the patients developed keratitis, corneal neovascularization, or the sucked-on-lens syndrome. The lenses were well tolerated and the parents soon became adept at handling them. We now use RGP lenses as our lens of choice when treating aphakic infants.
Synthetic Polypeptide Sleeve for Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Elsas Frederick J , Gowda D Channe , Urry Dan W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A synthetic polypentapeptide sleeve was placed around the superior rectus muscle of five New Zealand white rabbits in hopes of preventing postoperative fibrous scarring. Two forms of the polypentapeptide were used. No significant inflammation or scarring occurred with either form of the polypentapeptide when compared to controls. One form elicited a fibrous membrane surrounding the sleeve within 2 weeks. The other elicited no such reaction after 2 months. The latter form of the polypentapeptide may be useful in preventing scarring following strabismus surgery.
Visual Hand Display (VHD) as an Introductory Procedure for Measuring Vision in Infants and Young Children With Visual Impairment
Authors: Kronheim Jane K , Katsumi Osamu , Matsui Yoshie , Tetsuka Hitomi , Hirose Tatsuo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We developed the Visual Hand Display (VHD) to measure vision in visually impaired Infants and young children. The VHD is a circular fabric mitten, which is held easily by inserting the hand between the two surfaces. Black-and-white stripes are attached to one surface, 25, 15, 10, 4, and 2 mm per stripe. The VHD acuity is determined by the shortest test distance and the smallest stripes that the patient can detect. The VHD acuities were compared with preferential looking (PL) staircase acuities in 1 30 patients (53 males, 77 females; age range, 2 to 13 years; median, 21.0 months). Of these, 107 (82.3%) had various degrees of ret i nopal hy of prematurity. The correlation between the VHD and the PL acuities was high (R2 = 0.849). PL acuities were better than the VHD acuities in 98/130 patients (75.4%), with an average difference of 0.51 (SD = 0.70) octave. The visual acuity differences were more pronounced in subjects with slight visual impairment and much less in subjects with severe visual impairment. The VHD seems to be an effective introductory method to evaluate visual acuity in severely visually impaired infants and young children. This method also would be effective with severely mentally and physically disabled patients who cannot undergo PL testing.
Severe Visual Deficits in Infancy in Northern Israel: An Epidemiological Perspective
Authors: Tirosh Emanuel , Schnitzer Malka Rudolph , Atar Shaul , Jaffe Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The characteristics of 193 legally blind children ranging in ages from birth to 4 years were analyzed. The overall incidence was 1/1000 live births; however, the ethnic specific incidence varies. All children were diagnosed before the age of 20 months and the most frequent alerting sign was lack of visual tracking. In 33.3%, the deficit was first suspected by a family member. A genetic etiology accounted for 38% of the cohort. The relative risk for an associated handicap was significant as well as the rate of hospitalizations for apparently unassociated diseases. It appears that both prevention and early detection could be achieved by a risk index.
Peters' Anomaly: A Clinicopathologic Study
Authors: Myles W Michael , Flanders Michael E , Chitayat David , Brownstein Seymour 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two infants were born with bilateral Peters' anomaly. The first baby was a girl, born prematurely at 35 weeks of gestation and who died 8 days later. The second infant was a boy, born at 38 weeks of gestation, who had severe conotruncal abnormality of the heart. Both babies had distinctive facial dysmorphism and severe central nervous system abnormalities including partial or complete absence of the corpus callosum and cerebral calcifications. Biochemical and genetic investigations showed no abnormalities in either child and there was no family history of genetic disorders. Neither case showed evidence of an intrauterine infection. Postmortem ocular findings in the first infant included bilateral herniation of the ruptured cataractous lens into the posterior corneal defect, iridocorneal adhesions, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, and total retinal detachment. The left eye of the second infant was eviscerated at 11 months of age because of recurrent, spontaneous perforation. Pathologic ocular findings included large fragments of lens material adherent to the posterior corneal stroma through a large central defect in Descemet's membrane and endothelium, fibrovascular proliferation of the adjacent corneal stroma, and iridocorneal adhesions.