bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensorized tissue analogues enabled by a 3D-printed conductive organogel
Authors: Crump Michael R. , Bidinger Sophia L. , Pavinatto Felippe J. , Gong Alex T. , Sweet Robert M. , MacKenzie J. Devin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractState-of-the-art tissue analogues used in high-fidelity, hands-on medical simulation modules can deliver lifelike appearance and feel but lack the capability to provide quantified, real-time assessment of practitioner performance. The monolithic fabrication of hybrid printed/textile piezoresistive strain sensors in a realistic Y/V plasty suture training pad is demonstrated. A class of 3D-printable organogels comprised of inexpensive and nonhazardous feedstocks is used as the sensing medium, and conductive composite threads are used as the electrodes. These organogels are comprised of a glycol-based deep-eutectic solvent (DES) serving as the ionic conductor and 3-trimethoxysilylmethacrylate-capped fumed silica particles serving as the gelating agent. Rheology measurements reveal the influence of fumed silica particle capping group on the mixture rheology. Freestanding strain sensors demonstrate a maximum strain amplitude of 300%, negligible signal drift, a monotonic sensor response, a low degree of hysteresis, and excellent cyclic stability. The increased contact resistance of the conductive thread electrodes used in place of wire electrodes do not make a significant impact on sensor performance. This work showcases the potential of these organogels utilized in sensorized tissue analogues and freestanding strain sensors for widespread applications in medical simulation and education.
Renal Dnase1 expression is regulated by FGF23 but loss of Dnase1 does not alter renal phosphate handling
Authors: Egli-Spichtig Daniela , Zhang Martin Y. H. , Li Alfred , Pastor Arroyo Eva Maria , Hernando Nati , Wagner Carsten A. , Chang Wenhan , Perwad Farzana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived endocrine hormone that regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. In models of FGF23 excess, renal deoxyribonuclease 1 (Dnase1) mRNA expression is downregulated. Dnase-1 is an endonuclease which binds monomeric actin. We investigated whether FGF23 suppresses renal Dnase-1 expression to facilitate endocytic retrieval of renal sodium dependent phosphate co-transporters (NaPi-IIa/c) from the brush border membrane by promoting actin polymerization. We showed that wild type mice on low phosphate diet andFgf23−/−mice with hyperphosphatemia have increased renalDnase1mRNA expression while inHypmice with FGF23 excess and hypophosphatemia,Dnase1mRNA expression is decreased. Administration of FGF23 in wild type andFgf23−/−mice loweredDnase1expression. Taken together, our data shows thatDnase1is regulated by FGF23. In 6-week-oldDnase1−/−mice, plasma phosphate and renal NaPi-IIa protein were significantly lower compared to wild-type mice. However, these changes were transient, normalized by 12 weeks of age and had no impact on bone morphology. Adaptation to low and high phosphate diet were similar inDnase1−/−andDnase1+/+mice, and loss ofDnase1gene expression did not rescue hyperphosphatemia inFgf23−/−mice. We conclude that Dnase-1 does not mediate FGF23-induced inhibition of renal tubular phosphate reabsorption.
Standing on unstable surface challenges postural control of tracking tasks and modulates neuromuscular adjustments specific to task complexity
Authors: Mademli Lida , Mavridi Dimitra , Bohm Sebastian , Patikas Dimitrios A. , Santuz Alessandro , Arampatzis Adamantios 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the modulations of motor control in the presence of perturbations in task conditions of varying complexity is a key element towards the design of effective perturbation-based balance exercise programs. In this study we investigated the effect of mechanical perturbations, induced by an unstable surface, on muscle activation and visuo-postural coupling, when actively tracking target motion cues of different complexity. Four postural tasks following a visual oscillating target of varying target complexity (periodic-sinusoidal vs. chaotic-Lorenz) and surface (stable-floor vs. unstable-foam) were performed. The electromyographic activity of the main plantarflexor and dorsiflexor muscles was captured. The coupling between sway and target was assessed through spectral analysis and the system’s local dynamic stability through the short-term maximum Lyapunov exponent. We found that external perturbations increased local instability and deteriorated visuo-motor coupling. Visuo-motor deterioration was greater for the chaotic target, implying that the effect of the induced perturbations depends on target complexity. There was a modulation of the neuromotor system towards amplification of muscle activity and coactivation to compensate surface-related perturbations and to ensure robust motor control. Our findings provide evidence that, in the presence of perturbations, target complexity induces specific modulations in the neuromotor system while controlling balance and posture.
Looking for a proxy of the ionospheric turbulence with Swarm data
Authors: De Michelis Paola , Consolini Giuseppe , Pignalberi Alessio , Tozzi Roberta , Coco Igino , Giannattasio Fabio , Pezzopane Michael , Balasis Georgios 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present work focuses on the analysis of the scaling features of electron density fluctuations in the mid- and high-latitude topside ionosphere under different conditions of geomagnetic activity. The aim is to understand whether it is possible to identify a proxy that may provide information on the properties of electron density fluctuations and on the possible physical mechanisms at their origin, as for instance, turbulence phenomena. So, we selected about 4 years (April 2014–February 2018) of 1 Hz electron density measurements recorded on-board ESA Swarm A satellite. Using the Auroral Electrojet (AE) index, we identified two different geomagnetic conditions: quiet (AE < 50 nT) and active (AE > 300 nT). For both datasets, we evaluated the first- and second-order scaling exponents and an intermittency coefficient associated with the electron density fluctuations. Then, the joint probability distribution between each of these quantities and the rate of change of electron density index was also evaluated. We identified two families of plasma density fluctuations characterized by different mean values of both the scaling exponents and the considered ionospheric index, suggesting that different mechanisms (instabilities/turbulent processes) can be responsible for the observed scaling features. Furthermore, a clear different localization of the two families in the magnetic latitude—magnetic local time plane is found and its dependence on geomagnetic activity levels is analyzed. These results may well have a bearing about the capability of recognizing the turbulent character of irregularities using a typical ionospheric plasma irregularity index as a proxy.
Assessment of clinical radiosensitivity in patients with head-neck squamous cell carcinoma from pre-treatment quantitative ultrasound radiomics
Authors: Osapoetra Laurentius Oscar , Dasgupta Archya , DiCenzo Daniel , Fatima Kashuf , Quiaoit Karina , Saifuddin Murtuza , Karam Irene , Poon Ian , Husain Zain , Tran William T. , Sannachi Lakshmanan , Czarnota Gregory J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo investigate the role of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) radiomics to predict treatment response in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with radical radiotherapy (RT). Five spectral parameters, 20 texture, and 80 texture-derivative features were extracted from the index lymph node before treatment. Response was assessed initially at 3 months with complete responders labelled as early responders (ER). Patients with residual disease were followed to classify them as either late responders (LR) or patients with persistent/progressive disease (PD). Machine learning classifiers with leave-one-out cross-validation was used for the development of a binary response-prediction radiomics model. A total of 59 patients were included in the study (22 ER, 29 LR, and 8 PD). A support vector machine (SVM) classifier led to the best performance with accuracy and area under curve (AUC) of 92% and 0.91, responsively to define the response at 3 months (ER vs. LR/PD). The 2-year recurrence-free survival for predicted-ER, LR, PD using an SVM-model was 91%, 78%, and 27%, respectively (p < 0.01). Pretreatment QUS-radiomics using texture derivatives in HNSCC can predict the response to RT with an accuracy of more than 90% with a strong influence on the survival.Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov.in identifier NCT03908684.
A high-throughput screening to identify small molecules that suppress huntingtin promoter activity or activate huntingtin-antisense promoter activity
Authors: Khaled Houda G. , Feng Hongxuan , Hu Xin , Sun Xin , Zheng Wang , Li Pan P. , Rudnicki Dobrila D. , Ye Wenjuan , Chen Yu-Chi , Southall Noel , Marugan Juan , Ross Christopher A. , Ferrer Marc , Henderson Mark J. , Margolis Russell L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of huntingtin (HTT). While there are currently no disease-modifying treatments for HD, recent efforts have focused on the development of nucleotide-based therapeutics to lower HTT expression. As an alternative to siRNA or oligonucleotide methods, we hypothesized that suppression of HTT expression might be accomplished by small molecules that either (1) directly decrease HTT expression by suppressing HTT promoter activity or (2) indirectly decrease HTT expression by increasing the promoter activity of HTT-AS, the gene antisense to HTT that appears to inhibit expression of HTT. We developed and employed a high-throughput screen for modifiers of HTT and HTT-AS promoter activity using luminescent reporter HEK293 cells; of the 52,041 compounds tested, we identified 898 replicable hits. We used a rigorous stepwise approach to assess compound toxicity and the capacity of the compounds to specifically lower huntingtin protein in 5 different cell lines, including HEK293 cells, HD lymphoblastoid cells, mouse primary neurons, HD iPSCs differentiated into cortical-like neurons, and HD hESCs. We found no compounds which were able to lower huntingtin without lowering cell viability in all assays, though the potential efficacy of a few compounds at non-toxic doses could not be excluded. Our results suggest that more specific targets may facilitate a small molecule approach to HTT suppression.
Comparison of three qPCR-based commercial tests for detection of periodontal pathogens
Authors: Van der Weijden Fridus , Rijnen Mirella , Valkenburg Cees 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn periodontal practice microbial results of periodontal test kits for identification of key pathogens are an aid in the treatment planning. Information on the performance of commercially available test kits is therefore essential for the clinician. In this retrospective analysis three commercially available qPCR kits for detection and quantification of selected periodontal bacterial species were compared, using 100 clinical samples from patients with untreated periodontitis. The analysis involved two separate comparisons in which kit A (LabOral Diagnostics, The Netherlands) was compared with kit B (Advanced Dental Diagnostics, The Netherlands), and with kit C (OralDent diagnostics, The Netherlands). Analytic procedures for detection and quantification of selected periodontal bacterial species were carried out according to the instructions of the laboratories. Kit A detected target species more often, and absolute numbers of bacterial cells were higher than with kit B. A high degree of similarity was found between the test outcomes by kit A and kit C. All three kits performed satisfactory but small and significant differences exist between kits.
d-Aspartate consumption selectively promotes intermediate-term spatial memory and the expression of hippocampal NMDA receptor subunits
Authors: Zachar Gergely , Kemecsei Róbert , Papp Szilvia Márta , Wéber Katalin , Kisparti Tamás , Tyler Teadora , Gáspár Gábor , Balázsa Tamás , Csillag András 
Published: March 2021

Abstractd-Aspartate (d-Asp) and d-serine (d-Ser) have been proposed to promote early-phase LTP in vitro and to enhance spatial memory in vivo. Here, we investigated the behavioural effects of chronic consumption of d-Asp and d-Ser on spatial learning of mice together with the expression of NMDA receptors. We also studied the alterations of neurogenesis by morphometric analysis of bromo-deoxyuridine incorporating and doublecortin expressing cells in the hippocampus. Our results specify a time period (3–4 h post-training), within which the animals exposed to d-Asp (but not d-Ser) show a more stable memory during retrieval. The cognitive improvement is due to elimination of transient bouts of destabilization and reconsolidation of memory, rather than to enhanced acquisition. d-Asp also protracted reversal learning probably due to reduced plasticity. Expression of GluN1 and GluN2A subunits was elevated in the hippocampus of d-Asp (but not d-Ser) treated mice. d-Asp or d-Ser did not alter the proliferation of neuronal progenitor cells in the hippocampus. The observed learning-related changes evoked by d-Asp are unlikely to be due to enhanced proliferation and recruitment of new neurones. Rather, they are likely associated with an upregulation of NMDA receptors, as well as a reorganization of receptor subunit assemblies in existing hippocampal/dentate neurons.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation restores altered functional connectivity of central poststroke pain model monkeys
Authors: Kadono Yoshinori , Koguchi Keigo , Okada Ken-ichi , Hosomi Koichi , Hiraishi Motoki , Ueguchi Takashi , Kida Ikuhiro , Shah Adnan , Liu Guoxiang , Saitoh Youichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCentral poststroke pain (CPSP) develops after a stroke around the somatosensory pathway. CPSP is hypothesized to be caused by maladaptive reorganization between various brain regions. The treatment for CPSP has not been established; however, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the primary motor cortex has a clinical effect. To verify the functional reorganization hypothesis for CPSP development and rTMS therapeutic mechanism, we longitudinally pursued the structural and functional changes of the brain by using two male CPSP model monkeys (Macaca fuscata) developed by unilateral hemorrhage in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus. Application of rTMS to the ipsilesional primary motor cortex relieved the induced pain of the model monkeys. A tractography analysis revealed a decrease in the structural connectivity in the ipsilesional thalamocortical tract, and rTMS had no effect on the structural connectivity. A region of interest analysis using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed inappropriately strengthened functional connectivity between the ipsilesional mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the amygdala, which are regions associated with emotion and memory, suggesting that this may be the cause of CPSP development. Moreover, rTMS normalizes this strengthened connectivity, which may be a possible therapeutic mechanism of rTMS for CPSP.
Temperate conditions restrict Japanese encephalitis virus infection to the mid-gut and prevents systemic dissemination in Culex pipiens mosquitoes
Authors: Folly Arran J. , Dorey-Robinson Daniel , Hernández-Triana Luis M. , Ackroyd Stuart , Vidana Beatriz , Lean Fabian Z. X. , Hicks Daniel , Nuñez Alejandro , Johnson Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is the main cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. However, with changing climate JEV has the potential to emerge in novel temperate regions. Here, we have assessed the vector competence of the temperate mosquito Culex pipiens f. pipiens to vector JEV genotype III at temperatures representative of those experienced, or predicted in the future during the summer months, in the United Kingdom. Our results show that Cx. pipiens is susceptible to JEV infection at both temperatures. In addition, at 25 °C, JEV disseminated from the midgut and was recovered in saliva samples, indicating the potential for transmission. At a lower temperature, 20 °C, following an incubation period of fourteen days, there were reduced levels of JEV dissemination and virus was not detected in saliva samples. The virus present in the bodies of these mosquitoes was restricted to the posterior midgut as determined by microscopy and viable virus was successfully recovered. Apart from the influence on virus dissemination, mosquito mortality was significantly increased at the higher temperature. Overall, our results suggest that temperature is a critical factor for JEV vector competence and infected-mosquito survival. This may in turn influence the vectorial capacity of Cx. pipiens to vector JEV genotype III in temperate areas.
Semi-automatic liver segmentation based on probabilistic models and anatomical constraints
Authors: Le Doan Cong , Chinnasarn Krisana , Chansangrat Jirapa , Keeratibharat Nattawut , Horkaew Paramate 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSegmenting a liver and its peripherals from abdominal computed tomography is a crucial step toward computer aided diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Despite the recent advances in computing methods, faithfully segmenting the liver has remained a challenging task, due to indefinite boundary, intensity inhomogeneity, and anatomical variations across subjects. In this paper, a semi-automatic segmentation method based on multivariable normal distribution of liver tissues and graph-cut sub-division is presented. Although it is not fully automated, the method minimally involves human interactions. Specifically, it consists of three main stages. Firstly, a subject specific probabilistic model was built from an interior patch, surrounding a seed point specified by the user. Secondly, an iterative assignment of pixel labels was applied to gradually update the probabilistic map of the tissues based on spatio-contextual information. Finally, the graph-cut model was optimized to extract the 3D liver from the image. During post-processing, overly segmented nodal regions due to fuzzy tissue separation were removed, maintaining its correct anatomy by using robust bottleneck detection with adjacent contour constraint. The proposed system was implemented and validated on the MICCAI SLIVER07 dataset. The experimental results were benchmarked against the state-of-the-art methods, based on major clinically relevant metrics. Both visual and numerical assessments reported herein indicated that the proposed system could improve the accuracy and reliability of asymptomatic liver segmentation.
Benchmarking DNA isolation kits used in analyses of the urinary microbiome
Authors: Karstens Lisa , Siddiqui Nazema Y. , Zaza Tamara , Barstad Alecsander , Amundsen Cindy L. , Sysoeva Tatyana A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe urinary microbiome has been increasingly characterized using next-generation sequencing. However, many of the technical methods have not yet been specifically optimized for urine. We sought to compare the performance of several DNA isolation kits used in urinary microbiome studies. A total of 11 voided urine samples and one buffer control were divided into 5 equal aliquots and processed in parallel using five commercial DNA isolation kits. DNA was quantified and the V4 segment of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Data were processed to identify the microbial composition and to assess alpha and beta diversity of the samples. Tested DNA isolation kits result in significantly different DNA yields from urine samples. DNA extracted with the Qiagen Biostic Bacteremia and DNeasy Blood & Tissue kits showed the fewest technical issues in downstream analyses, with the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit also demonstrating the highest DNA yield. Nevertheless, all five kits provided good quality DNA for high throughput sequencing with non-significant differences in the number of reads recovered, alpha, or beta diversity.
Elucidation of the core betalain biosynthesis pathway in Amaranthus tricolor
Authors: Chang Yu-Cheng , Chiu Yi-Ching , Tsao Nai-Wen , Chou Yuan-Lin , Tan Choon-Meng , Chiang Yi-Hsuan , Liao Pei-Chi , Lee Ya-Chien , Hsieh Li-Ching , Wang Sheng-Yang , Yang Jun-Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmaranthus tricolor L., a vegetable Amaranthus species, is an economically important crop containing large amounts of betalains. Betalains are natural antioxidants and can be classified into betacyanins and betaxanthins, with red and yellow colors, respectively. A. tricolor cultivars with varying betalain contents, leading to striking red to green coloration, have been commercially produced. However, the molecular differences underlying betalain biosynthesis in various cultivars of A. tricolor remain largely unknown. In this study, A. tricolor cultivars with different colors were chosen for comparative transcriptome analysis. The elevated expression of AmCYP76AD1 in a red-leaf cultivar of A. tricolor was proposed to play a key role in producing red betalain pigments. The functions of AmCYP76AD1, AmDODAα1, AmDODAα2, and AmcDOPA5GT were also characterized through the heterologous engineering of betalain pigments in Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, high and low L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activities of AmDODAα1 and AmDODAα2, respectively, were confirmed through in vitro enzymatic assays. Thus, comparative transcriptome analysis combined with functional and enzymatic studies allowed the construction of a core betalain biosynthesis pathway of A. tricolor. These results not only provide novel insights into betalain biosynthesis and evolution in A. tricolor but also provide a basal framework for examining genes related to betalain biosynthesis among different species of Amaranthaceae.
Effect of earthworms on mycorrhization, root morphology and biomass of silver fir seedlings inoculated with black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)
Authors: Nahberger Tina Unuk , Benucci Gian Maria Niccolò , Kraigher Hojka , Grebenc Tine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpecies of the genusTuberhave gained a lot of attention in recent decades due to their aromatic hypogenous fruitbodies, which can bring high prices on the market. The tendency in truffle production is to infect oak, hazel, beech, etc. in greenhouse conditions. We aimed to show whether silver fir (Abies albaMill.) can be an appropriate host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, and how earthworms in the inoculation substrate would affect the mycorrhization dynamics. Silver fir seedlings inoculated withTuber. aestivumwere analyzed for root system parameters and mycorrhization, how earthworms affect the bare root system, and if mycorrhization parameters change when earthworms are added to the inoculation substrate. Seedlings were analyzed 6 and 12 months after spore inoculation. Mycorrhization with or without earthworms revealed contrasting effects on fine root biomass and morphology of silver fir seedlings. Only a few of the assessed fine root parameters showed statistically significant response, namely higher fine root biomass and fine root tip density in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 6 months after inoculation, lower fine root tip density when earthworms were added, the specific root tip density increased in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 12 months after inoculation, and general negative effect of earthworm on branching density. Silver fir was confirmed as a suitable host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, with 6% and 35% mycorrhization 6 months after inoculation and between 36% and 55% mycorrhization 12 months after inoculation. The effect of earthworms on mycorrhization of silver fir withTuber aestivumwas positive only after 6 months of mycorrhization, while this effect disappeared and turned insignificantly negative after 12 months due to the secondary effect of grazing on ectomycorrhizal root tips.