bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, development, and field evaluation of a rubber tapping robot
Authors: Zhou Hang , Zhang Shunlu , Zhang Junxiong , Zhang Chunlong , Wang Song , Zhai Yihao , Li Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModern robotics has made great strides in the field of agricultural harvesting. In the field of rubber tapping, however, there are still significant challenges to be faced. As one of the few agricultural harvesting areas primarily manual, rubber tapping requires precise control of the knife in the forest's unstructured environment at night. This paper presents the design of a rubber cutting robot for natural rubber plantations. An upgraded spatial spiral trajectory is established by analyzing the trunk and manual rubber cutting trajectories for the operation of a six‐axis tandem robot arm. A compact binocular stereo vision system achieved the initial perception of the parameters required for the cutting trajectory. Besides, an integrated end‐effector was developed to enable further precise perception of the cutting trajectory and cutting operations. The system was tested in the field at a rubber plantation in Hainan Province. The upgraded trajectory's adaptability and the accuracy and efficiency of the starting point positioning algorithm were verified. The operational performance of the complete system was evaluated to help guide future improvements. The error of the start point locating is 1.0  0.1 mm, and the execution time is 17.01  3.65 s. The bark consumption—cutting depth setting of (2.0 and 5.0 mm) is more appropriate for the rubber tapping robot. Then the accuracy of chip thickness and chip width is about 1.73  0.28 mm, and 5.07  0.13 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the accuracy of chip weight is 1.99  0.24 mm. The average operating time of the whole tapping operation is 80  5 s. Future work will include improvements in system stiffness and robustness. This study demonstrates the potential of applying industrial robotics to the field of latex harvesting. Robotics may be a future development towards mechanized rubber tapping.
Conversion and contagion in entrepreneurship: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Bade Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryConsistent with the theories of planned behavior and social contagion, this study is based on the notion that entrepreneurial intentions affect entrepreneurial behavior (“conversion channel”), which in turn affects others' intentions (“contagion channel”). GMM estimation results of a simultaneous equation model suggest that entrepreneurial intentions and new business ownership are reciprocally related. The conversion channel appears to be the stronger force in the relationship. Additional moderator analyses suggest that environmental munificence, as expressed by regulatory quality, advanced stage of the economy, and economic growth strengthen, whereas the GDP level weakens the relationship. Furthermore, entrepreneurial perceptions, exits, and knowing other entrepreneurs promote the conversion channel but mitigate the contagion channel. These findings yield implications relevant for research and policy makers.Managerial SummaryA positive feedback loop in the economy is a situation where two events reinforce each other. In such situation, small and random changes in the economy, such as policy changes or economic shocks, are magnified. This study shows that there is a positive feedback loop in entrepreneurship between entrepreneurial intentions and behavior: individuals' entrepreneurial intention determines actual entrepreneurial behavior, which in turn encourages others to develop entrepreneurial intentions. The positive feedback loop is strengthened by environmental munificence, weakened by living standards, and ambiguously affected by entrepreneurial perceptions, experience, and networks. These findings deepen our understanding of how startup hotspots emerge, emphasize the importance of accounting for structural influences, and contribute to the discussion on cross‐country variation in entrepreneurial activity.
Effect of COF Presence on DNA Molecular Interactions: A QM/MM and MD Simulations Study
Authors: Ghadari Rahim , Mohsenzadeh Enayat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFour models of DNA including A‐DNA, B‐DNA, Triple helix‐DNA (T‐DNA), and Z‐DNA along with a COF molecule were prepared. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on all DNAs and their complex with COF (embedded DNAs in the central hole of COF). Comprehensive analyses such as Base pair distance, hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals, and electrostatic interaction numbers were carried out to investigate the effect of COF molecule on DNA intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, quantum‐mechanics studies were performed to explore the accuracy of intermolecular and intramolecular interactions. The results obtained based on promolecular density in two selected base pairs. Noncovalent interaction (NCI) analysis to investigate the strength of hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals interactions, and steric effect was done. Density Overlap Regions Indicator (DORI) analysis was accomplished to study the accuracy of π‐π stacking interactions between adjacent bases. δg functions were evaluated to analyze the strength of chemical bonds, hydrogen bonds and also the steric effect. The average distance between O…H, N…H, and H…O that are contributing in H‐bonding are ∼1.88, 1.97, and 1.95 Å in A‐DNA, respectively. Also, the average number of H‐bonding numbers in A‐DNA calculated to be 14.43 and 13.04 in pure and complex form. All the achieved results showed that designed COF did not make any changes in DNA structures, but in some cases, had some effects on the interactions of DNAs.
Electrochemistry of Thin Films with In Situ/Operando Grazing Incidence X‐Ray Scattering: Bypassing Electrolyte Scattering for High Fidelity Time Resolved Studies
Authors: Paulsen Bryan D. , Giovannitti Alexander , Wu Ruiheng , Strzalka Joseph , Zhang Qingteng , Rivnay Jonathan , Takacs Christopher J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectroactive polymer thin films undergo repeated reversible structural change during operation in electrochemical applications. While synchrotron X‐ray scattering is powerful for the characterization of stand‐alone and ex situ organic thin films, in situ/operando structural characterization has been underutilized—in large part due to complications arising from supporting electrolyte scattering. This has greatly hampered the development of application relevant structure property relationships. Therefore, a new methodology for in situ/operando X‐ray characterization that separates the incident and scattered X‐ray beam path from the electrolyte is developed. As a proof of concept, the operando structural characterization of weakly‐scattering, organic mixed conducting thin films in an aqueous electrolyte environment is demonstrated, accessing previously unexplored changes in the π‐π peak and diffuse scatter, while capturing the solvent swollen thin film structure which is inaccessible in previous ex situ studies. These in situ/operando measurements improve the sensitivity to structural changes, capturing minute changes not possible ex situ, and have multimodal potential such as combined Raman measurements that also serve to validate the true in situ/operando conditions of the cell. Finally, new directions enabled by this in situ/operando cell design are examined and state of the art measurements are compared.
Phylogeny, character evolution and taxonomic revision of Causonis, a segregate genus from Cayratia (Vitaceae)
Authors: Parmar Gaurav , Dang Viet‐Cuong , Rabarijaona Romer Narindra , Chen Zhi‐Duan , Jackes Betsy R. , Barrett Russell L. , Zhang Zhu‐Zhi , Niu Yan‐Ting , Trias‐Blasi Anna , Wen Jun , Lu Li‐Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCausonis (Vitaceae) is widely distributed in the tropical, sub‐tropical and temperate regions from Asia to Australia. The genus was established by Rafinesque in 1830 but included under Cayratia by Gagnepain in 1911. Generic status of Causonis was restored in 2013, but circumscription of the genus and its species remained poorly understood. Here, we sample 92 accessions of Causonis to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within the genus using four chloroplast loci (atpB‐rbcL, trnC‐petN, trnH‐psbA, trnL‐F) and three nuclear loci (AS1, At103, ITS). Both the chloroplast and nuclear data support the monophyly of Causonis, and relationships among major clades of the genus are well‐supported based on the chloroplast data. The first diverged clade consists of two species both endemic to Australasia. Evolutionary trends of eight morphological characters are tested through ancestral character state reconstruction using the chloroplast dataset. We recognize 16 species and 4 varieties in Causonis, including two new species: C. australasica sp. nov. and C. glauca sp. nov. We herein make 10 new combinations for eight species and two varieties. The widespread Causonis japonica is also redefined based on morphological and molecular evidence.
Aging Sambar (Rusa unicolor) Using Cementum Annuli and Eruption and Wear: Implications for Predicting Populations
Authors: Watter Kurt , Thomas Elaine , White Neil , Finch Neal , Murray Peter J. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTSambar (Rusa unicolor), one of 6 deer species introduced to Australia, are poorly studied and declared vulnerable in their native range of India and southern Asia. In southeastern Australia sambar are increasing in abundance and distribution despite commercial venison harvest and unlimited public hunting. The ability to accurately age individuals is important for management of cervid populations because many life history events are age dependent. The techniques most widely used to estimate the age of cervids involve tooth eruption and molar wear (EW), and interpretation of cementum annuli (CA) in incisors. Aging techniques based on teeth are influenced by diet, body condition and metabolic stressors such as disease and reproduction. We compared age estimation derived by both EW and CA techniques and applied age estimates from both methods to lifetables and the Euler‐Lotka equation to predict population growth. Sambar have CA that are discernible and correspond to midwinter despite calving throughout the year in a temperate environment. Age estimation by eruption times of molar teeth appears reliable in sambar but estimation based on wear patterns of molar teeth is less accurate than CA. Assuming CA is accurate, aging by EW was less than 30% for sambar 3 years and older. For management purposes, however, estimation of rates of population growth using either the Euler‐Lotka equation or a lifetable provided similar outputs using ages estimated by either CA or EW. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Scaup Depredation on Arkansas Baitfish and Sportfish Aquaculture
Authors: Clements Stephen A. , Dorr Brian S. , Davis J. Brian , Roy Luke A. , Engle Carole R. , Hanson‐Dorr Katie C. , Kelly Anita M. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTLesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and greater scaup (A. marila), hereafter scaup, consume a variety of aquatic invertebrates, plants, and occasionally small fish. Scaup have foraged on commercial aquaculture farms in the southern United States for decades. However, the types, abundance, and rate of fish exploitation by scaup on baitfish and sportfish farms are not well documented. Thus, information is needed to understand how fish and other foods influence scaup use of aquatic resources, and any potential economic effects of depredation of fish. From November–March in winters 2016–2017 and 2017–2018, we conducted 1,458 pond surveys to estimate the abundance and distribution of scaup on Arkansas baitfish and sportfish farms that commercially produce species such as golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas), fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and sunfish (Lepomisspp.). We also collected and processed 531 foraging scaup and quantified the proportion of scaup consuming fish and the proportion of their diet obtained from fish. Fish consumption was highly variable between years. In our survey area, we estimated total fish consumption at 1,400 kg and 60,500 kg for winters 2016–2017 and 2017–2018, respectively. Sunfish ponds experienced the maximum loss (18,000 fish/ha) during winter 2017–2018, while goldfish ponds experienced a loss of just 2,600 fish/ha during the same winter. The estimates of baitfish and sportfish loss to scaup revealed potential management strategies for minimizing fish loss and can inform economic analysis of the financial impact of scaup on producers. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Acoustic Emission
Authors: Aggelis Dimitrios G. , Sause Markus G. R. , Packo Pawel , Pullin Rhys , Grigg Steve , Kek Tomaž , Lai Yu-Kun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcoustic emission (AE) is one of the most promising methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) of materials and structures. Because of its passive and non-invasive nature, it can be used during the operation of a structure and supply information that cannot be collected in real time through other techniques. It is based on the recording and study of the elastic waves that are excited by irreversible processes, such as crack nucleation and propagation. These signals are sensed by transducers and are transformed into electric waveforms that offer information on the location and the type of the source. This chapter intends to present the basic principles, the equipment, and the recent trends and applications in aeronautics, highlighting the role of AE in modern non-destructive testing and SHM. The literature in the field is vast; therefore, although the included references provide an idea of the basics and the contemporary interest and level of research and practice, they are just a fraction of the total possible list of worthy studies published in the recent years.
Preprocessing to Reduce the Search Space: Antler Structures for Feedback Vertex Set
Authors: Donkers Huib , Jansen Bart M. P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to open up a new research direction aimed at understanding the power of preprocessing in speeding up algorithms that solve NP-hard problems exactly. We explore this direction for the classic Feedback Vertex Set problem on undirected graphs, leading to a new type of graph structure called antler decomposition, which identifies vertices that belong to an optimal solution. It is an analogue of the celebrated crown decomposition which has been used for Vertex Cover. We develop the graph structure theory around such decompositions and develop fixed-parameter tractable algorithms to find them, parameterized by the number of vertices for which they witness presence in an optimal solution. This reduces the search space of fixed-parameter tractable algorithms parameterized by the solution size that solve Feedback Vertex Set.
Flavour mixing transport theory and resonant leptogenesis
Authors: Jukkala Henri , Kainulainen Kimmo , Rahkila Pyry M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We derive non-equilibrium quantum transport equations for flavour-mixing fermions. We develop the formalism mostly in the context of resonant leptogenesis with two mixing Majorana fermions and one lepton flavour, but our master equations are valid more generally in homogeneous and isotropic systems. We give a hierarchy of quantum kinetic equations, valid at different approximations, that can accommodate helicity and arbitrary mass differences. In the mass-degenerate limit the equations take the familiar form of density matrix equations. We also derive the semiclassical Boltzmann limit of our equations, including the CP-violating source, whose regulator corresponds to the flavour coherence damping rate. Boltzmann equations are accurate and insensitive to the particular form of the regulator in the weakly resonant case ∆m » Γ, but for ∆m ≲ Γ they are qualitatively correct at best, and their accuracy crucially depends on the form of the CP-violating source.
Dissipation in holographic superfluids
Authors: Donos Aristomenis , Kailidis Polydoros , Pantelidou Christiana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study dissipation in holographic superfluids at finite temperature and zero chemical potential. The zero overlap with the heat current allows us to isolate the physics of the conserved current corresponding to the broken global U(1). By using analytic techniques we write constitutive relations including the first non-trivial dissipative terms. The corresponding transport coefficients are determined in terms of thermodynamic quantities and the black hole horizon data. By analysing their behaviour close to the phase transition we show explicitly the breakdown of the hydrodynamic expansion. Finally, we study the pseudo-Goldstone mode that emerges upon introducing a perturbative symmetry breaking source and we determine its resonant frequency and decay rate.
Preventive effects of tea and tea catechins against influenza and acute upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Umeda Mai , Tominaga Takeichiro , Kozuma Kazuya , Kitazawa Hidefumi , Furushima Daisuke , Hibi Masanobu , Yamada Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Gargling with tea has protective effects against influenza infection and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). To evaluate if tea and tea catechin consumption has the same protective effects as gargling with tea, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive literature search using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Ichu-shi Web databases. The search provided six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four prospective cohort studies (n = 3748). The quality of each trial or study was evaluated according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool or Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We collected data from publications meeting the search criteria and conducted a meta-analysis of the effect of tea gargling and tea catechin consumption for preventing URTI using a random effects model.

Results
Tea gargling and tea catechin consumption had significant preventive effects against URTI (risk ratio [RR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.87). In sub-analyses, a significant preventive effect was observed by study type (prospective cohort study: RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.50–0.91; RCT: RR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.66–0.94) and disease type (influenza: RR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.58–0.84; acute URTI: RR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.98). Both gargling with tea and consuming tea catechins effectively protected against URTI (tea and tea catechins consumption: RR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.52–0.87; tea gargling: RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.96).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that tea gargling and tea catechin consumption may have preventive effects against influenza infection and URTI. The potential effectiveness of these actions as non-pharmaceutical interventions, however, requires further investigation.
Aberrant right subclavian artery as soft marker in the diagnosis of trisomy 21 during the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Martínez-Payo Cristina , Suanzes Elena , Gómez-Manrique Ana , Arranz Alexandra , Pérez-Medina Tirso 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Aberrant right subclavian artery is an anatomical variation with a prevalence of around 0.5–1.5% of the general population, being more frequently found among people with chromosomopathies, especially, trisomy 21. Despite being an anatomical finding, and thus, constant through the whole pregnancy, its value in the diagnosis of aneuploidies during the first trimester of pregnancy has been little studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability of the first-trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of ARSA and its utility in the early diagnosis of aneuploidies.

Methods
This was a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study that included all fetuses with sonographic diagnosis of ARSA between 2011 and 2018.

Results
There were 257 cases of ARSA diagnosed. The first-trimester ultrasound showed the following results in the detection of ARSA: sensitivity of 68% (CI 95% 60.8%–74.5%), specificity of 99.9% (CI 95% 99.9%–100%), positive predictive value of 93.7% (CI 95% 88.1%–96.8%), and negative predictive value of 99.6% (CI 95% 99.5%–99.7%). Due to the presence of ARSA, two cases of trisomy 21, that would have been missed in the first trimester, were diagnosed, using ARSA as a soft marker and modifying the risk obtained by the combined screening as part of the genetic sonogram of the first trimester.

Conclusions
ARSA visualization during the first-trimester ultrasound is trustworthy and it can improve the detection of trisomy 21 in some cases of aneuploidy missed during the combined screening of the first trimester.
Quantitative evidence of suppressed TMEM119 microglial immunohistochemistry in fatal morphine intoxications
Authors: Bohnert Simone , Georgiades Kosmas , Monoranu Camelia-Maria , Bohnert Michael , Büttner Andreas , Ondruschka Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this pilot study was to investigate the diagnostic potential of TMEM119 as a useful microglia-specific marker in combination with immunostainings for phagocytic function and infiltrating capacity of monocytes in cases of lethal monosubstance intoxications by morphine (MOR), methamphetamine (METH), and of ethanol-associated death (ETH) respectively. Human brain tissue samples were obtained from forensic autopsies of cases with single substance abuse (MOR, n = 8; ETH, n = 10; METH, n = 9) and then compared to a cohort of cardiovascular fatalities as controls (n = 9). Brain tissue samples of cortex, white matter, and hippocampus were collected and stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against TMEM119, CD68KiM1P, and CCR2. We could document the lowest density of TMEM119-positive cells in MOR deaths with highly significant differences to the control densities in all three regions investigated. In ETH and METH deaths, the expression of TMEM119 was comparable to cell densities in controls. The results indicate that the immunoreaction in brain tissue is different in these groups depending on the drug type used for abuse.
Improving the safety of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy for patients with solid tumors
Authors: Robins Alison , Dishner Emma , McDaneld Patrick , Rowan Meagan , Bartek Jalen , Jiang Ying , Adachi Javier , Dailey Garnes Natalie J. M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives
Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) for infections has been in use for nearly 40 years, and although it has been found safe and efficacious, its use has been studied primarily among otherwise healthy patients. We aimed to develop and evaluate an OPAT program for patients with cancer, particularly solid tumors.

Methods
We implemented multiple quality improvement interventions between June 2018 and January 2020. We retrospectively and prospectively collected data on demographics, the completeness of infectious diseases (ID) physician consultation notes, rates of laboratory test result monitoring, ID clinic follow-up, and 30-day outcomes, including unplanned OPAT-related readmissions, OPAT-related emergency center visits, and deaths.

Results
Completeness of ID provider notes improved from a baseline of 77 to 100% (p < .0001) for antimicrobial recommendations, 75 to 97% (p < .0001) for follow-up recommendations, and 19 to 98% (p < .0001) for laboratory test result monitoring recommendations. Completion of laboratory tests increased from a baseline rate of 24 to 56% (p = .027). Thirty-day unplanned OPAT-related readmission, ID clinic follow-up, 30-day emergency center visit, and death rates improved without reaching statistical significance.

Conclusions
Sustained efforts, multiple interventions, and multidisciplinary engagement can improve laboratory test result monitoring among solid tumor patients discharged with OPAT. Although demonstrating a decrease in unplanned readmissions through institution of a formal OPAT program among patients with solid malignancies may be more difficult compared with the general population, the program may still result in improved safety.