bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neera, a non-fermented traditional drink from coconut spadix restores the redox status in sodium fluoride intoxicated mice
Authors: Silpa Prabha , Meera Nair , Shaji Edappilly M. , Indu Muralidharan S. , Smitha Koyickalmadham R. , Kuzhivelil Balu T. , Babu Thekkekara D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives

Neera, non-fermented coconut inflorescence sap (NFCIS) and its fermented form, toddy (FCIS) are the two well-known traditional drinks in South India. Both the saps show high rejuvenation effect and NFCIS is used for the curing of bronchial suffocation, anemia, tuberculosis and piles in traditional medicine. But, a few scientific studies have been reported on their health benefits so far. Presently, the antioxidant effect of both non-fermented (NFCIS) and fermented form (FCIS) of coconut inflorescence were analyzed in experimental animals.

Methods
The free radical scavenging property of FCIS and NFCIS was analyzed in vitro. The effect of these saps on mitigating sodium fluoride (NaF) deteriorated redox status was evaluated in mice.

Results
NFCIS exhibited high antioxidant activity than its fermented form. NFCIS reduces metal ions and scavenge hydroxyl and DPPH radicals with IC50 values 6.5 ± 1.9 and 44 ± 3.14 µL/mL, respectively. Supplementation of NFCIS for 14 days increased SOD, CAT and GPx activities and GSH level in liver by 51.67, 52, 27.88 and 35.77%, respectively against NaF induced decline with a concomitant decrease in lipid peroxidation to 40.76%. Saps rich in minerals indicate pharmaceutical and nutritional value.

Conclusion
The study revealed the antioxidant efficacy of non-alcoholic natural drink, Neera and recommends an alternative for synthetic carbonated soft drinks. The regular consumption of Neera may protect the body from various chronic diseases especially where the oxidative stress played as a key role.
Preventive aspect of ayurveda and yoga towards newly emerging disease COVID-19
Authors: Sawant Ranjeet S. , Zinjurke Bharat D. , Binorkar Sandeep V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2) and unique in various facets. The earlier experience from the past severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemics seem to be insufficient and there is need for better strategies in public health and medical care. Ayurved & Yog are well known for their preventive and therapeutic aspect, but not getting utilized properly for prevention of Covid 19 crisis which may also be helpful as supportive therapy along with current line of management. This paper is aimed at unrevealing the role of Ayurved and Yoga guidelines established by Department of AYUSH for prevention from SARS-CoV-2 by providing help to improving the quality of supportive/prophylactic therapy in relation with their immunity.
Terminalia arjuna induced testicular assault through Leydig cell derangement: an in vitro approach
Authors: Banerjee Arnab , Maji Bithin Kumar , Chattopadhyay Alok 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives

Terminalia arjuna (TA) has been widely used as folk medicine since ancient times. Apart from its therapeutic properties it also has anti-spermatogenic activity, but its effectiveness and mode of action on male gonadal activity remains to be revealed.

Methods
TA bark extract was dissolved in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide and applied in primary Leydig cell culture from rat testis in dose dependent manner. After 24 h of treatment cellular toxicity marker, cytokines, steroid 5-alpha-reductase 1 (SRD5A1) and androgen receptor (AR) were measured.

Results
Present study first proposed the cytotoxic impacts of TA on Leydig cells via leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and inflammatory responses by altering the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in dose-dependent-manner. Furthermore, down regulation of SRD5A1 and AR indicated inhibition of normal steroidogenesis which well corroborated with cytotoxity and inflammation related parameters to promote damage of Leydig cell function. Nevertheless, it can be speculated that the inhibition of normal steroidogenesis and thereby spermatogenesis induced by TA is possibly due to the presence of β-sitosterol.

Conclusions
Therefore, the dose and duration of treatment should be carefully monitored in cases of its medicinal uses and longer duration should be avoided to protect reproductive health and fertility.
Detecting conjugacy stability of subgroups in certain classes of groups
Authors: Fernández Martínez Isabel , Serbin Denis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the conjugacy stability property of subgroups and provide effective procedures to solve the problem in several classes of groups.
In particular, we start with free groups, that is, we give an effective procedure to find out if a finitely generated subgroup of a free group is conjugacy stable.
Then we further generalize this result to quasi-convex subgroups of torsion-free hyperbolic groups and finitely generated subgroups of limit groups.
Alternating direction based method for optimal control problem constrained by Stokes equation
Authors: Gao Yu , Li Jingzhi , Song Yongcun , Wang Chao , Zhang Kai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider the optimal control problems constrained by Stokes equations.
It has been shown in the literature, the problem can be discretized by the finite element method to generate a discrete system, and the error estimate has also been established.
In this paper, we focus on solving the discrete system by the alternating splitting augmented Lagrangian method, which is a direct extension of alternating direction method of multipliers and possesses a global

O
⁢

(

1
/
k

)

\mathcal{O}({1}/{k})

convergence rate.
In addition, we propose an acceleration scheme based on the alternating splitting augmented Lagrangian method to improve the efficiency of the algorithm.
The error estimates and convergence analysis of our algorithms are presented for several different types of optimization problems.
Finally, numerical experiments are performed to verify the efficiency of the algorithms.
Soliton orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with phase–frequency coding on the base of inverse scattering transform
Authors: Bogdanov Stepan A. , Frumin Leonid L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose a method for increasing the speed and spectral efficiency of information transmission over soliton communication lines, based on algorithms for solving inverse and direct scattering problems, in the frame of a modern soliton orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SOFDM) approach. The proposed method uses a simultaneous phase and frequency coding. This phase–frequency coding method retains all the technological advantages of the SOFDM method, and due to the additional frequency coding, a noticeable increase in the information transfer rate over the soliton optical lines is expected. Numerical modeling confirmed the proposed method for telecommunication applications’ prospects.
A hypersurface containing the support of a Radon transform must be an ellipsoid. II: The general case
Authors: Boman Jan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
If the Radon transform of a compactly supported distribution

f
≠
0

{f\neq 0}

in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

is supported on the set of tangent planes to the boundary

∂
⁡
D

{\partial D}

of a bounded convex domain D, then

∂
⁡
D

{\partial D}

must be an ellipsoid. The special case of this result when the domain D is symmetric was treated in
[J. Boman,
A hypersurface containing the support of a Radon transform must be an ellipsoid. I: The symmetric case,
J. Geom. Anal. 2020, 10.1007/s12220-020-00372-8].
Here we treat the general case.
A novel framework for content connectivity through optical data centers
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Aggarwal Mona , Ahuja Swaran 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the data centers have become a significant physical infrastructure for the purpose of supporting various Internet applications like cloud services, entertainment, web search and social networking. The traffic among the data centers is growing rapidly accompanied by the services that are obtained. The data centers are connected via fiber channels to support long-haul networks and high data rate transmissions by utilizing various modulation techniques. However, it has some drawbacks such as increased delay, computational complexities, high wavelength consumption, link failures, etc. Recently, researchers are focusing on improving the survivability and wavelength usage efficiency in optical data center networks. In this work, a novel framework depending on the concept of content connectivity is proposed for optical data center networks. Here, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is utilized for transmitting the data through optical data centers. The main intention of this research is to improve the performance and wavelength efficiency in optical data center networks. The performance of the MILP approach is evaluated and compared with the existing integer linear programming (ILP) technique and found that this new approach provides better performance with higher wavelength efficiency and reduced wavelength consumption.
Electrocardiogram transmission over OFDM system
Authors: Jain Divya , Sharma Sanjeev Narayan , Jain Alok 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Remote patient monitoring is an important area of research. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a vital health parameter which can be remotely transmitted to monitor the patient’s health. In this field, there are many research directions which include ECG security, patient data hiding in ECG, ECG classification, ECG transmission and reception. In this paper, an effective methodology for ECG transmission over OFDM wireless communication system has been presented. Issues related to transmission of ECG as image have also been discussed. Before ECG is transmitted over OFDM analog ECG signal is to be converted into series of bits for which sampling and quantization has to be performed. The quantization error arises due to number of chosen samples and quantization levels. In this work, it is shown that the quantization error can be brought down to zero using symbolic aggregate approximation (SAX) for data representation. Performance of the ECG transmission using different methodologies has been compared using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM), Bit Error Rate (BER) and Pixel Error Rate (PER).
Performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based 60-GHz transmission over turbulent free-space optical link
Authors: Tripathi Abhishek , Gupta Shilpi , Mandloi Abhilash 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, radio-over-free-space optic (RoFSO) transmission is investigated for the next-generation wireless networks. Here, the 60 GHz based radio frequency (RF) system is demonstrated using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme. System performance for FSO link is evaluated by modeling the channel with the gamma-gamma fading. The optical spectrum and constellation diagram of the received signals are analyzed. The improvement reported for error vector magnitude is 3.8–0.6% and symbol error rate of 0.03–0.005 for free-space range of 0.2–1 km. Proposed work claims that orthogonal frequency division multiplexing can be helpful for the FSO systems by providing robustness to adverse atmospheric turbulence.
Disorders of placental villous maturation are present in one-third of cases with spontaneous preterm labor
Authors: Jaiman Sunil , Romero Roberto , Pacora Percy , Erez Offer , Jung Eunjung , Tarca Adi L. , Bhatti Gaurav , Yeo Lami , Kim Yeon Mee , Kim Chong Jai , Kim Jung-Sun , Qureshi Faisal , Jacques Suzanne M. , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy , Hsu Chaur-Dong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Spontaneous preterm labor is an obstetrical syndrome accounting for approximately 65–70% of preterm births, the latter being the most frequent cause of neonatal death and the second most frequent cause of death in children less than five years of age worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare to uncomplicated pregnancies (1) the frequency of placental disorders of villous maturation in spontaneous preterm labor; (2) the frequency of other placental morphologic characteristics associated with the preterm labor syndrome; and (3) the distribution of these lesions according to gestational age at delivery and their severity.

Methods
A case-control study of singleton pregnant women was conducted that included (1) uncomplicated pregnancies (controls, n=944) and (2) pregnancies with spontaneous preterm labor (cases, n=438). All placentas underwent histopathologic examination. Patients with chronic maternal diseases (e.g., chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, thyroid disease, asthma, autoimmune disease, and coagulopathies), fetal malformations, chromosomal abnormalities, multifetal gestation, preeclampsia, eclampsia, preterm prelabor rupture of the fetal membranes, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, and HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count) syndrome were excluded from the study.

Results
Compared to the controls, the most prevalent placental lesions among the cases were the disorders of villous maturation (31.8% [106/333] including delayed villous maturation 18.6% [62/333] vs. 1.4% [6/442], q<0.0001, prevalence ratio 13.7; and accelerated villous maturation 13.2% [44/333] vs. 0% [0/442], q<0.001). Other lesions in decreasing order of prevalence included hypercapillarized villi (15.6% [68/435] vs. 3.5% [33/938], q<0.001, prevalence ratio 4.4); nucleated red blood cells (1.1% [5/437] vs. 0% [0/938], q<0.01); chronic inflammatory lesions (47.9% [210/438] vs. 29.9% [282/944], q<0.0001, prevalence ratio 1.6); fetal inflammatory response (30.1% [132/438] vs. 23.2% [219/944], q<0.05, prevalence ratio 1.3); maternal inflammatory response (45.5% [195/438] vs. 36.1% [341/944], q<0.01, prevalence ratio 1.2); and maternal vascular malperfusion (44.5% [195/438] vs. 35.7% [337/944], q<0.01, prevalence ratio 1.2). Accelerated villous maturation did not show gestational age-dependent association with any other placental lesion while delayed villous maturation showed a gestational age-dependent association with acute placental inflammation (q-value=0.005).

Conclusions
Disorders of villous maturation are present in nearly one-third of the cases of spontaneous preterm labor.
Estimation of Continuous and Discrete Time Co-integrated Systems with Stock and Flow Variables
Authors: González Olivares Daniel , Guizar Isai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes an exact discrete time error correction model for co-integrated systems in continuous time and outlines a computationally efficient algorithm that leads to the Gaussian estimates of the model’s parameters. Its performance in estimation is assessed by contrasting our estimates with those obtained after applying Johansen’s discrete time approach to cointegrated systems. The data, for analysis, consist of two simulated systems; one comprised entirely of stock variables and another one formed by flow variables. In the results, we show that for the system with stock variables Johansen’s approach and ours perform similarly. For the system with flow variables, however, Johansen’s estimates show a persistent estimation bias with negligible improvements in larger samples, while ours yields a smaller bias that lowers as the sample size increases. As our model incorporates a moving average component in the error term that permits full dynamics, we argue that Johansen’s bias reflects the cost of ignoring aggregation in the specification.
Linéaire B da-wo: indiquait-il Kommos ou Haghia Triada?
Authors: Monti Orazio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
La comparaison entre les données concernant le toponyme linéaire B da-wo - attestées dans les tablettes de Cnossos - et les structures archéologiques (relatives aux Minoen Récent IIIA-B) trouvées a Haghia Triada et a Kommos (deux localités dans la plaine crétoise de la Messara) est favorable a l’identification da-wo = Haghia Triada.
Lykische Schwiegersöhne
Authors: Schürr Diether 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ausgehend von der Bestimmung von sidi als ‚Schwiegersohn‘ gegenuber der luwischen Entsprechung zitis mit der Bedeutung ‚Mann, Ehemann‘ wird das in einer neuen Grabinschrift von Tlos belegte sedi ebenso gedeutet, mit Erwagungen zu den Grunden fur eine Senkung des Stammvokals. Damit fuhrt der Graberbauer nicht nur seinen Onkel statt seines Vaters an, was auch in zwei anderen Grabinschriften belegt ist, sondern bekundet auch noch, da. er dessen Tochter geheiratet hatte. Eine solche Cousinenheirat ist in Lykien noch ofters belegt, allerdings erst in der Kaiserzeit.
The extent and degree of utterance-final word lengthening in spontaneous speech from 10 languages
Authors: Seifart Frank , Strunk Jan , Danielsen Swintha , Hartmann Iren , Pakendorf Brigitte , Wichmann Søren , Witzlack-Makarevich Alena , Himmelmann Nikolaus P. , Bickel Balthasar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWords in utterance-final positions are often pronounced more slowly than utterance-medial words, as previous studies on individual languages have shown. This paper provides a systematic cross-linguistic comparison of relative durations of final and penultimate words in utterances in terms of the degree to which such words are lengthened. The study uses time-aligned corpora from 10 genealogically, areally, and culturally diverse languages, including eight small, under-resourced, and mostly endangered languages, as well as English and Dutch. Clear effects of lengthening words at the end of utterances are found in all 10 languages, but the degrees of lengthening vary. Languages also differ in the relative durations of words that precede utterance-final words. In languages with on average short words in terms of number of segments, these penultimate words are also lengthened. This suggests that lengthening extends backwards beyond the final word in these languages, but not in languages with on average longer words. Such typological patterns highlight the importance of examining prosodic phenomena in diverse language samples beyond the small set of majority languages most commonly investigated so far.
Varieties of Hermeneutical Injustice: A Blueprint
Authors: Bratu Christine , Haenel Hilkje 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we have two goals. First, we argue for a blueprint for hermeneutical injustice that allows us to schematize existing and discover new varieties of hermeneutical injustices. The underlying insight is that Fricker provides both a general concept of hermeneutical injustice and a specific conception thereof. By distinguishing between the general concept and its specific conceptions, we gain a fruitful tool to detect such injustices in our everyday lives. Second, we use this blueprint to provide a further example of hermeneutical injustice that draws our attention to yet another distinction: Some hermeneutical injustices result from a lack or distortion in the collective conceptual resource and some are due to problems in the application of existing concepts. We argue that to combat hermeneutical injustices, we have to make sure not only that individuals have accurate concepts at their disposal but that they have the capabilities to use these concepts adequately.
Hot-carriers in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Roy Palas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Photogenerated charge carriers in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) suffer relaxation and recombination losses. However, extracting these carriers at higher energy (‘Hot-carriers’) has been found to be effective to overcome such loss pathways and improve efficiency of OPVs. Excess energy and long delocalization length promotes hot-carrier escape from Coulombic attraction and dissociation into free charges. Here, I have reviewed the ways to generate hot-carriers and their extraction in organic backbones. In-depth understanding of their energetics and dynamics will help designing hot-carrier photovoltaics.
Ultraviolet blocking and antioxidant polyvinyl alcohol films incorporated with baicalin extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi
Authors: Liu Jinshu , Ma Xiaoyan , Shi Wenzhao , Xing Jianwei , Ma Chaoqun , Li Susong , Huang Yayi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Baicalin, an active flavonoid ingredient of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, was extracted by heat reflux extraction and showed the same significance UV absorption property with standard baicalin. Active films were prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing baicalin extract by casting method. The effect of baicalin extracts on the UV-blocking, optical, antioxidant property, water vapor permeability, swelling and mechanical properties of the films were studied. UV–vis transmittance spectra showed that PVA films incorporated with baicalin extract blocked ultraviolet light range from 280–400 nm even with low concentration of baicalin (0.5 wt%) and maintain the high transparency in visible spectrum. The outstanding UV-blocking properties of PVA films incorporated with baicalin extract were also confirmed by Rhodamine B degradation. Baicalin conferred antioxidant properties to PVA films as determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Due to the interaction between hydroxy groups of baicalin and PVA molecule, water vapor permeability, swelling and elongation at break of the films were decreased accompanied with the increasing in tensile strength and Young’s modulus. FTIR reveal that the interaction between PVA molecules was significant changed by the introduction of baicalin. These results suggest that PVA film incorporated with baicalin extract can be used for the development of functional protective film.
Imidazolium functionalized polymers for effective electrochemical reduction of CO2
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Aeshala Leela Manohar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Imidazolium functionalized polymer electrolytes for the electrochemical reduction of gaseous CO2 (ERGC) were studied for the first time in a developed reactor at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It was found that reaction environment favors the CO2 reduction reaction by overcoming the mass transfer of CO2 with the use of imidazolium fixed functional groups. The selectivity and Faradaic efficiency of products formed during ERGC is enhanced due to the modified functional groups in the solid polymer matrix. This work may open up new research opportunities for the conversion of gaseous CO2 to green fuels.
Recent developments in stereoselective organocatalytic oxyfunctionalizations
Authors: Meninno Sara , Villano Rosaria , Lattanzi Alessandra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, asymmetric at carbon oxidations using organocatalytic systems reported from 2012 up to 2018 have been illustrated. Asymmetric epoxidations and oxidation of heteroatom-containing molecules were not included. The processes selected encopass alpha-hydroxylation of carbonyl compounds, dihydroxylation and dioxygenation of alkenes, Baeyer-Villiger and oxidative desymmetrization reactions.