bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food recalls associated with foodborne disease outbreaks, United States, 2006–2016
Authors: Qiu Qihua , Dewey-Mattia Daniel , Subramhanya Sanjana , Cui Zhaohui , Griffin Patricia M. , Lance Susan , Lanier William , Wise Matthew E. , Crowe Samuel J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
About 800 foodborne disease outbreaks are reported in the United States annually. Few are associated with food recalls. We compared 226 outbreaks associated with food recalls with those not associated with recalls during 2006–2016. Recall-associated outbreaks had, on average, more illnesses per outbreak and higher proportions of hospitalisations and deaths than non-recall-associated outbreaks. The top confirmed aetiology for recall-associated outbreaks was Salmonella. Pasteurised and unpasteurised dairy products, beef and molluscs were the most frequently implicated foods. The most common pathogen−food pairs for outbreaks with recalls were Escherichia coli-beef and norovirus-molluscs; the top pairs for non-recall-associated outbreaks were scombrotoxin-fish and ciguatoxin-fish. For outbreaks with recalls, 48% of the recalls occurred after the outbreak, 27% during the outbreak, 3% before the outbreak, and 22% were inconclusive or had unknown recall timing. Fifty per cent of recall-associated outbreaks were multistate, compared with 2% of non-recall-associated outbreaks. The differences between recall-associated outbreaks and non-recall-associated outbreaks help define the types of outbreaks and food vehicles that are likely to have a recall. Improved outbreak vehicle identification and traceability of rarely recalled foods could lead to more recalls of these products, resulting in fewer illnesses and deaths.
Blastomere movement correlates with ploidy and mosaicism in early-stage human embryos after in vitro fertilization
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Yang Jingwei , Han Wei , Li Chong , Huang Guoning 
Published: July 2021

SummaryEmbryos undergo chaotic division and decrease in quality on day 3 with a reduction in the rates of subsequent blastocyst formation. Disordered cleavage causes a deterioration in embryonic quality, here we assessed the relationship between an cleavage model in first mitosis and the chromosomal status of human embryos, and discuss the potential biological and clinical implications for the cleavage model as a single parameter that can be used to assess embryonic quality. Thirty-two infertile couples, with normal karyotypes and who underwent their first IVF cycle were recruited to donate one normal two-cell-stage embryo each for this study between 2019 and 2020. Twenty-eight two-cell embryos underwent preimplantation genetic testing of each blastomere, and four chaotic-division embryos were stained with Hoechst and cultured in a confocal laser-scanning microscopy incubator system. This system showed high specificity and PPV but low sensitivity and NPV using the CM in the prediction of euploidy, indicating that CM could be considered a screening method for embryo selection; additional observational studies using the CM to select transferable embryos are needed before it can be used in clinical practice.
Reflecting on meaning in an existential-reorientation group psychotherapy approach for cancer patients: A qualitative thematic analysis
Authors: Grassi Luigi , Sabato Silvana , Caruso Rosangela , Tiberto Elisa , Padova Silvia De , Ruffilli Federica , Folesani Federica , Nanni Maria Giulia , Martino Belvederi Murri , Zerbinati Luigi , Testoni Ines 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to evaluate, in the Italian cultural context, breast cancer patients’ main meaning themes related to the experience of the disease, on the one side, and to be part of an existentially oriented group intervention, on the other.MethodA short reorientation-existential (RET) group intervention, structured by using some tools and background from cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) and based on the meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) existential framework, was delivered to 29 breast cancer patients. The sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, with the narratives from reflective exercises (meaning of the journey cancer, meaning of the journey of intervention) uploaded to computer software NVivo 11. Analysis of the transcripts emerged from reflective exercises on the personal meaning of cancer and the letters of meaning (goodbye letter) written by the patients to express the meaning of their experience in the group was conducted through the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) framework.ResultsFour superordinate themes were identified in the exercise meaning of the experience of cancer, namely “sense of stigma and loneliness (the foreigner),” “guilt (unjust guilt and anticipatory guilt),” “reconsidering one's own life and nostalgia,” and “rebirth (a new life, life after life).” Three superordinate themes were found in the meaning of the group experience in the letters, namely “togetherness and gratitude,” “legacy,” and “acceptance.”Significance of resultsThe study confirmed that a short group intervention, based on the existentially oriented framework and delivered in a public clinical healthcare setting, was enriched by focusing on the personal meaning of cancer. Some themes, such as loneliness, nostalgia, and rebirth, emerged during reflection giving, in written letters to participants, the sense of the group therapeutic experience.
Constraints on Element Mobility During Deformation Within the Seismogenic Zone, Shimanto Belt, Japan
Authors: Ramirez Gabrielle , Smye Andrew , Fisher Donald M. , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Yamaguchi Asuka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSubduction interfaces exhibit a variety of slip behaviors, including megathrust and slow earthquakes. Field observations are consistent with crack‐seal deformation, in which tensile cracks are sealed by fluid‐transported solute. However, there are few constraints on the mass fluxes and length and time scales of such deformation and attendant increases in cohesion within the seismogenic zone. Here, we present a systematic geochemical investigation of mass transport associated with development of crack‐seal veins in the Shimanto Belt—an accretionary complex that preserves a record of plate boundary slip behavior at temperatures relevant to the seismogenic zone: 150–350°C. These mélanges show evidence for shear across decameter‐scale zones of deformation dominated by anastomosing scaly fabrics and pervasive veins. We use meso‐ and microstructural observations with geochemical observations of scaly fabrics and crack‐seal veins to evaluate the role of silica redistribution in healing fracture porosity along the plate interface and modulating slip behavior. Crack‐seal veins contain primarily quartz with albite and calcite, and vein textures provide evidence for partial sealing. Bulk rock analyses determined that the amount of phyllosilicates, specifically illite and chlorite, increases with temperature. A simple mass‐balance model based on the immobile chemical component TiO2 shows a systematic trend in mobility for all three mélanges and increased element mobility as a function of temperature. Scaly fabrics and veins show compositional evidence for locally sourced mineral redistribution. This study supports a model where development of scaly slip surfaces and fracture healing through temperature‐dependent mineral redistribution can impact slip behavior and fluid flow along the subduction plate interface.
How Forward‐Scattering Snow and Terrain Change the Alpine Radiation Balance With Application to Solar Panels
Authors: von Rütte F. , Kahl A. , Rohrer J. , Lehning M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRough terrain in mid‐ and high latitudes is often covered with highly reflective snow, giving rise to a very complex transfer of incident sunlight. In order to simplify the radiative transfer in weather and climate models, snow is generally treated as an isotropically reflecting material. We develop a new model of radiative transfer over mountainous terrain, which considers for the first time the forward scattering properties of snow. Combining ground‐measured meteorological data and high resolution digital elevation models, we show that the forward scattering peak of snow leads to a strong local redistribution of incident terrain reflected radiation. In particular, the effect of multiple terrain reflections is enhanced. While local effects are large, area‐wide albedo is only marginally decreased. In addition, we show that solar panels on snowy ground can clearly benefit from forward scattering, helping to maximize winter electricity production.
Significant Reductions in Crop Yields From Air Pollution and Heat Stress in the United States
Authors: Liu Xiang , Desai Ankur R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe joint exposure of plants to surface ozone, atmospheric aerosols, and heat stress can lead to considerable decreases in crop yields. Surface ozone negatively impacts plant photosynthesis while aerosols can have positive or negative effects from its dual impact on light and temperature. Here, using a statistical model, we show that in the United States, as a result of improvements in air quality, the damages caused by ozone and aerosols have decreased since 1980. Historically, relative yield losses due to ozone were 8.7% and 4.8%, and due to aerosols were 11.3% and 23.2% for maize and soybean, respectively. Maize yields are more sensitive to ozone pollution while soybean yields are more sensitive to aerosol pollution. In future RCP 8.5 scenario, absent significant reductions in emissions or improvements in air quality, maize, and soybean would have on average, 58.5% and 36.9% additional yield reductions, respectively, mainly caused by warming. Future climate warming and fossil fuel combustion driven changes to air pollution may have differing impacts on crop yield and should be jointly considered in any assessment of U.S. food security.
Seismicity and Crustal Structure of the Southern Main Ethiopian Rift: New Evidence From Lake Abaya
Authors: Ogden C. S. , Keir D. , Bastow I. D. , Ayele A. , Marcou S. , Ugo F. , Woodward A. , Kibret B. A. , Gudbrandsson S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) has developed during the 18 Ma‐Recent separation of the Nubian and Somalian plates. Extension in its central and northern sectors is associated with seismic activity and active magma intrusion, primarily within the rift, where shallow (5 km) seismicity along magmatic centers is commonly caused by fluid flow through open fractures in hydrothermal systems. However, the extent to which similar magmatic rifting persists into the southern MER is unknown. Using data from a temporary network of five seismograph stations, we analyze patterns of seismicity and crustal structure in the Abaya region of the southern MER. Magnitudes range from 0.9 to 4.0; earthquake depths are 0–30 km.ratios of1.69, estimated from Wadati diagram analysis, corroborate bulk‐crustalratios determined via teleseismic P‐to‐S receiver functionH‐stacking and reveal a relative lack of mafic intrusion compared to the MER rift sectors to the north. There is a clear association of seismicity with the western border fault system of the MER everywhere in our study area, but earthquake depths are shallow near Duguna volcano, implying a shallowed geothermal gradient associated with rift valley silicic magmatism. This part of the MER is thus interpreted best as a young magmatic system that locally impacts the geothermal gradient but that has not yet significantly modified continental crustal composition via rift‐axial magmatic rifting.
Processing and Validation of FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 GPS Total Electron Content Observations
Authors: Pedatella N. M. , Zakharenkova I. , Braun J. J. , Cherniak I. , Hunt D. , Schreiner W. S. , Straus P. R. , Valant‐Weiss B. L. , Vanhove T. , Weiss J. , Wu Q. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSlant absolute total electron content (TEC) is observed by the Formosa Satellite‐7/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2 (FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2, F7/C2) Tri‐GNSS Radio Occultation System (TGRS) instrument. We present details of the data processing algorithms, validation, and error assessment for the F7/C2 global positioning system (GPS) absolute TEC observations. The data processing includes estimation and application of solar panel dependent pseudorange multipath maps, phase to pseudorange leveling, and estimation of separate L1C‐L2C and L1C‐L2P receiver differential code biases. We additionally perform a validation of the F7/C2 GPS absolute TEC observations through comparison with colocated, independent, TEC observations from the Swarm‐B satellite. Based on this comparison, we conclude that the accuracy of the F7/C2 GPS absolute TEC observations is less than 3.0 TEC units. Results are also presented that illustrate the suitability of the F7/C2 GPS absolute TEC observations for studying the climatology and variability of the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere (i.e., altitudes above the F7/C2 orbit of 550 km). These results demonstrate that F7/C2 provides high quality GPS absolute TEC observations that can be used for ionosphere‐thermosphere data assimilation as well as scientific studies of the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere.
Multirate Mass Transfer Approach for Double‐Porosity Poroelasticity in Fractured Media
Authors: Andrés Sandro , Dentz Marco , Cueto‐Felgueroso Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNatural and anthropogenic fractured aquifers and reservoirs are dual porosity matrix‐fracture systems, where the fracture network provides highly–conductive flow pathways and the low–permeability matrix stores most of the fluid. The coupling between flow and mechanical deformation in fractured media is often modeled using the classical theory of dual‐porosity poroelasticity (DPP), based on Barenblatt's hypothesis of pressure equilibrium inside the rock matrix blocks. Equilibrium can be expected if the matrix blocks are small and the matrix diffusion time is comparable to the flow time scales along the fractures. In practice, matrix blocks may be large enough so that diffusion time scales are long, and the equilibrium hypothesis breaks down. Here, we study nonequilibrium effects in coupled flow and deformation in fractured media. We compare analytical predictions and modeling results of coupled flow and deformation in heterogeneous fractured porous media. The theoretical analysis is a nonequilibrium, dual‐porosity model. We use this theory to (a) Reveal the limitations of classical DPP formulations. (b) Obtain the scalings for drainage and displacement to be expected for coupled flow and deformation in highly heterogeneous, fractured media. (c) Identify what behavior to expect in fractured aquifers and reservoirs regarding flow and deformation. We observe strong tailing in fluid fluxes and land subsidence that cannot be captured by the classical DPP approach or a single porosity effective medium approach. We show that theoretical predictions from the multirate DPP model and high‐fidelity models agree, even for highly heterogeneous matrix‐fracture systems, and reproduce the observed nonequilibrium effects.
Light People: Professor Lin Li
Authors: Wang Hui , Gu Heng 
Published: July 2021

EditorialHow to deal with climate change, how to mitigate or even reverse it, maybe the hottest scientific topic of the 21st century. Do you know that a Chinese scientist and his team contributed to climate change control by reducing PM2.5 in diesel car exhaust by 35–40%? That scientist is Prof. Lin Li, a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and founder of the Laser Processing Research Centre at The University of Manchester, United Kingdom. Of course, this is only one example of Professor Li’s scientific achievements. As a pioneer of microsphere super-resolution lens, his team, in collaboration with Singapore colleagues, broke the optical diffraction limit in optical microscopic imaging, making real-time observation of biological viruses without interference possible. He also used lasers to synthesize new nanomaterials which kill drug-resistant bacteria while remaining harmless to healthy human cells, which led to the development and breakthrough of related research fields. We are much honored to have Professor Lin Li for an exclusive interview in which he recalls his years of scientific research experience and talks about the future development trend of laser material processing.
Phenotypic and genetic associations between anhedonia and brain structure in UK Biobank
Authors: Zhu Xingxing , Ward Joey , Cullen Breda , Lyall Donald M. , Strawbridge Rona J. , Lyall Laura M. , Smith Daniel J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnhedonia is a core symptom of multiple psychiatric disorders and has been associated with alterations in brain structure. Genome-wide association studies suggest that anhedonia is heritable, with a polygenic architecture, but few studies have explored the association between genetic loading for anhedonia—indexed by polygenic risk scores for anhedonia (PRS-anhedonia)—and structural brain imaging phenotypes. Here, we investigated how anhedonia and PRS-anhedonia were associated with brain structure within the UK Biobank cohort. Brain measures (including total grey/white matter volumes, subcortical volumes, cortical thickness (CT) and white matter integrity) were analysed using linear mixed models in relation to anhedonia and PRS-anhedonia in 19,592 participants (9225 males; mean age = 62.6 years, SD = 7.44). We found that state anhedonia was significantly associated with reduced total grey matter volume (GMV); increased total white matter volume (WMV); smaller volumes in thalamus and nucleus accumbens; reduced CT within the paracentral cortex, the opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus, precentral cortex, insula and rostral anterior cingulate cortex; and poorer integrity of many white matter tracts. PRS-anhedonia was associated with reduced total GMV; increased total WMV; reduced white matter integrity; and reduced CT within the parahippocampal cortex, superior temporal gyrus and insula. Overall, both state anhedonia and PRS-anhedonia were associated with individual differences in multiple brain structures, including within reward-related circuits. These associations may represent vulnerability markers for psychopathology relevant to a range of psychiatric disorders.
Global Perspective of the Vitamin D Status of African-Caribbean Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Vearing Rebecca M. , Hart Kathryn H. , Darling Andrea L. , Probst Yasmine , Olayinka Aminat S. , Mendis Jeewaka , Ribeiro Helena , Thakur Siddhartha , Mendes Marcela , Charlton Karen , Lanham-New Susan A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Vitamin D deficiency remains a global public health issue, particularly in minority ethnic groups. This review investigates the vitamin D status (as measured by 25(OH)D and dietary intake) of the African-Caribbean population globally.

Subjects/Methods
A systematic review was conducted by searching key databases (PUBMED, Web of Science, Scopus) from inception until October 2019. Search terms included ‘Vitamin D status’ and ‘African-Caribbean’. A random effects and fixed effects meta-analysis was performed by combining means and standard error of the mean.

Result
The search yielded 19 papers that included n = 5670 African-Caribbean participants from six countries. A meta-analysis found this population to have sufficient (>50 nmol/L) 25(OH)D levels at 67.8 nmol/L, 95% CI (57.9, 7.6) but poor dietary intake of vitamin D at only 3.0 µg/day, 95% CI (1.67,4.31). For those living at low latitudes ‘insufficient’ (as defined by study authors) 25(OH)D levels were found only in participants with type 2 diabetes and in those undergoing haemodialysis. Suboptimal dietary vitamin D intake (according to the UK recommended nutrient intake of 10 µg/day) was reported in all studies at high latitudes. Studies at lower latitudes, with lower recommended dietary intakes (Caribbean recommended dietary intake: 2.5 µg/day) found ‘sufficient’ intake in two out of three studies.

Conclusions
25(OH)D sufficiency was found in African-Caribbean populations at lower latitudes. However, at higher latitudes, 25(OH)D deficiency and low dietary vitamin D intake was prevalent.
Multilocus disease-causing genomic variations for Mendelian disorders: role of systematic phenotyping and implications on genetic counselling
Authors: Narayanan Dhanya Lakshmi , Udyawar Divya , Kaur Parneet , Sharma Suvasini , Suresh Narayanaswamy , Nampoothiri Sheela , do Rosario Michelle C. , Somashekar Puneeth H. , Rao Lakshmi Priya , Kausthubham Neethukrishna , Majethia Purvi , Pande Shruti , Ramesh Bhat Y. , Shrikiran Aroor , Bielas Stephanie , Girisha Katta Mohan , Shukla Anju 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultilocus disease-causing genomic variations (MGVs) and multiple genetic diagnoses (MGDs) are increasingly being recognised in individuals and families with Mendelian disorders. This can be mainly attributed to the widespread use of genomic tests for the evaluation of these disorders. We conducted a retrospective study of families evaluated over the last 6 years at our centre to identify families with MGVs and MGDs. MGVs were observed in fourteen families. We observed five different consequences: (i) individuals with MGVs presenting as blended phenotypes (ii) individuals with MGVs presenting with distinct phenotypes (iii) individuals with MGVs with age-dependent penetrance (iv) individuals with MGVs with one phenotype obscured by another more predominant phenotype (v) two distinct phenotypes in different individuals in families with MGVs. Consanguinity was present in eight (8/14, 57.1%) of them. Thirteen families had two Mendelian disorders and one had three Mendelian disorders. The risk of recurrence of one or more conditions in these families ranged from 25% to 75%. Our findings underline the importance of the role of a clinical geneticist in systematic phenotyping, challenges in genetic counselling and risk estimation in families with MGVs and MGDs, especially in highly inbred populations.
Pulmonary transplantation of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT)-transgenic macrophages provides a source of functional human AAT in vivo
Authors: Janosz Ewa , Hetzel Miriam , Spielmann Hanna , Tumpara Srinu , Rossdam Charlotte , Schwabbauer Marc , Kloos Doreen , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Schambach Axel , Buettner Falk F. R. , Janciauskiene Sabina , Lachmann Nico , Moritz Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInherited deficiency of the antiprotease alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is associated with liver failure and early-onset emphysema. In mice, in vivo lentiviral transduction of alveolar macrophages (AMs) has been described to yield protective pulmonary AAT levels and ameliorate emphysema development. We here investigated the pulmonary transplantation of macrophages (PMT) transgenic for AAT as a potential therapy for AAT deficiency-associated lung pathology. Employing third-generation SIN-lentiviral vectors expressing the human AAT cDNA from the CAG or Cbx-EF1α promoter, we obtained high-level AAT secretion in a murine AM cell line as well as murine bone marrow-derived macrophages differentiated in vitro (AAT MΦ). Secreted AAT demonstrated a physiologic glycosylation pattern as well as elastase-inhibitory and anti-apoptotic properties. AAT MΦ preserved normal morphology, surface phenotype, and functionality. Furthermore, in vitro generated murine AAT MΦ successfully engrafted in AM-deficient Csf2rb–/–mice and converted into a CD11c+/Siglec-F+AM phenotype as detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and homogenized lung tissue 2 months after PMT. Moreover, human AAT was detected in the lung epithelial lining fluid of transplanted animals. Efficient AAT expression and secretion were also demonstrated for human AAT MΦ, confirming the applicability of our vectors in human cells.