bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tree Based Approach for Multi-class Classification of Surgical Procedures Using Structured and Unstructured Data
Authors: Khaleghi Tannaz , Murat َAlper , Arslanturk Suzan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In surgical department, CPT code assignment has been a complicated manual human effort, that entails significant related knowledge and experience. While there are several studies using CPTs to make predictions in surgical services, literature on predicting CPTs in surgical and other services using text features is very sparse. This study improves the prediction of CPTs by the means of informative features and novel re-prioritization algorithm. Methods: The input data used in this study is composed of both structured and unstructured data. The ground truth labels (CPTs) are obtained from medical coding databases using relative value units which indicates the major operational procedures in each surgery case. In the modeling process, we first utilize Random Forest multi-class classification model to predict the CPT codes. Second, we extract the key information such as label probabilities, feature importance measures, and medical term frequency. Then, the indicated factors are used in a novel algorithm to rearrange the alternative CPT codes in the list of potential candidates based on the calculated weights. Results: To evaluate the performance of both phases, prediction and complementary improvement, we report the accuracy scores of multi-class CPT prediction tasks for datasets of 5 key surgery case specialities. The Random Forest model performs the classification task with 74% to 76% when predicting the primary CPT versus the CPT set with respect to the two filtering conditions on CPT codes. The complementary algorithm improves the results from initial step by 8% on average. Furthermore, the incorporated text features enhanced the quality of the output by 20-35%. Conclusions: We have established a robust framework based on a decision tree predictive model. We predict the surgical codes more accurately and robust compared to the state-of-the-art deep neural structures which can help immensely in both surgery billing and scheduling purposes in such units.
Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Incident Diabetes Mellitus among Japanese: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Propensity-Score Matching
Authors: Zheng Xiaodan , Cao Changchun , He Yongcheng , Wang Xinyu , Wu Jun , Hu Haofei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies demonstrated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was a significant risk factor of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, these studies could not fully reflect the association between NAFLD and DM due to unbalanced confounding factors. We aimed to use propensity score matching (PSM) analysis to explore the actual association between NAFLD and DM in a large Japanese population cohort. Methods: This was a retrospective PSM cohort study. A total of 14,271 Japanese participants without DM at baseline from Murakami Memorial Hospital were eventually enrolled in our study between 2004 and 2015. The baseline NAFLD and incidence of DM during follow-up were selected as the independent variable and outcome measure. To balance the confounding factors between 1,711 participants with NAFLD and 1,711 participants with non-NAFLD, we performed a non-parsimonious multivariable logistic regression for 1:1 PSM. Our study used the doubly robust estimation method to verify the correlation between NAFLD and DM. Result: After PSM, the approximate incidence of DM in NAFLD participants and non-NAFLD participants were 907.082/100,000 person-years and 458.980/100,000 person-years, respectively. The risk of developing DM in participants with NAFLD increased by 92% in the PSM cohort (HR=1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35-2.74, P=0.0003). The participants with NAFLD were 2.15-fold more likely to develop diabetes than non-NAFLD participants in the PSM cohort after adjusting for the demographic and laboratory biochemical variables (HR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.48-3.11, P<0.0001). In the PSM cohort, the participants with NAFLD had an 89% increased risk of diabetes after adjustment of the propensity score (HR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.33-2.69, P=0.0004). In the subgroup analysis, most potential confounding variables did not influence the association between NAFLD and DM risk after PSM, except for body mass index (P for interaction=0.0140) and visceral fat obesity (P for interaction=0.0157). In the sensitivity analysis, participants with NAFLD had an 82% increase in the risk of DM in the original cohort (HR=1.82，95%CI: 1.33-2.48, P=0.0001) and a 70% increase in the weighted cohort (HR=1.70，95%CI: 1.40-2.06, P <0.00001), respectively.Conclusion: In the PSM cohort, the risk of developing DM in the participants with NAFLD increased by 92%. In the sensitivity analysis, the risk of developing DM in the participants with NAFLD increased by 70% in the weighted cohort. Additionally, subgroup analysis showed that obese participants with NAFLD should be more concerned about the risk of diabetes.
Standardization of calibration scheme in NB Chirp ABR Hearing Assessment: A Preliminary Study Based on Normal Hearing Soldiers
Authors: Li Zhicheng , Lai Xiaofen , Lai Jinmei , Qi Min , Yuan Lianxiong , Zeng Xiangli , Ji Fei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Optimal medical intervention for veterans suffering from military noise-induced hearing impairment is a major concern of the specialists in military medicine, otology, and audiology sectors. Thus, it is important to objectively and accurately reflect the hearing level of the subject in the intervention to aid hearing and improve the existing hearing disability evaluation program. Purpose: The present study intends to identify the optimal correction scheme by comparing the accuracy and range of deviation of narrow-band chirps evoked auditory brainstem responses (NB Chirp ABR) corrected by different schemes in estimating the hearing level of people with normal hearing. Methods: A total of 66 individuals could hear sounds of a frequency <25dB hearing level (HL) in the pure tone audiometry were randomly divided into a model group (26 subjects), test group 1 (with 20 subjects), and test group 2 (with 20 subjects). The mean threshold difference and the regression equation at each frequency were obtained through the model group, and the correction results of the “mean threshold difference scheme (S1)” and the “regression equation scheme (S2)” were compared in the test groups 1 and 2. All data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Results: 1) The accuracy of the estimated hearing level (eHL) of non-corrected NB Chirp ABR was significantly higher than that of NB Chirp ABR corrected by S1 or S2; 2) The range of deviation of the eHL of non-corrected NB Chirp ABR from the pure tone audiometry threshold was greater than that of NB Chirp ABR corrected by S1 or S2 from the pure tone audiometry threshold at 500 and 1000 Hz, while at 2000 and 4000 Hz, the values were similar. Conclusion: Among people with normal hearing, it was necessary to correct NB Chirp ABR at 500 and 1000 Hz for higher accuracy of the eHL, but the strengths of different correction schemes were not defined. For clinical convenience, the “mean threshold difference scheme,” with the correction values of 7 and 4 dB, was recommended for correction. At 2000 and 4000 Hz, it was not necessary to correct NB Chirp ABR. Thus, additional subjects with different HLs should be included in future studies to discuss the differences between the two schemes.
Signatures of selection and genomic diversity of Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) from two populations in North America.
Authors: Chinchilla-Vargas Josue , Rothschild Max F. , Bertolini Francesca 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) is the largest and most prized game fish for anglers in North America. However, little is known about Muskellunge genetic diversity in Iowa’s propagation program. We used whole genome sequence from 12 brooding individuals from Iowa and publicly available RAD-seq of 625 individuals from Saint-Lawrence river in Canada to study the genetic differences between populations, analyze signatures of selection that might shed light on environmental adaptations, and evaluate the levels of genetic diversity in both populations. Given that there is no reference genome available for Muskellunge, reads were aligned to the genome of Pike (Esox lucius), a closely-related species.
Results
Variant calling produced 7,886,471 biallelic variants for the Iowa population and 16,867 high quality SNPs that overlap with the Canadian samples. The Ti/Tv values were 1.09 and 1.29 for samples from Iowa and Canada, respectively. PCA and Admixture analyses showed a large genetic difference between Canadian and Iowan populations. Moreover, PCA showed a clustering by sex in the Iowan population although widow-based Fst did not find outlier regions. Window based pooled heterozygosity found 6 highly heterozygous windows containing 244 genes in the Iowa population and Fst comparing the Iowa and Canadian populations found 14 windows with Fst values larger than 0.9 containing 641 genes. One enriched GO term (sensory perception of pain) was found through pooled heterozygosity analyzes. Although not significant, several enriched GO terms associated to growth and development were found through Fst analyses.
Inbreeding calculated as Froh was 0.03 on average for the Iowa population and 0.32 on average for the Canadian samples. The inbreeding rate appears is presumably due to isolation of subpopulations.
Conclusions
This study is the first of its kind in Muskellunge from Iowa in which captured brood stock showed marked genetic differences with the Canadian population. Additionally, despite genetic differentiation based on sex has been observed, no major locus has been detected . Inbreeding does not seem to be an immediate concern for Muskellunge in Iowa, isolation of subpopulations has caused levels of homozygosity to increase in the Canadian Muskellunge population.
These results prove the validity of using genomes of closely related species to perform genomic analyses when no reference genome assembly is available.
Laser-assisted selection of immotile spermatozoa has no effect on obstetric and neonatal outcomes of TESA-ICSI pregnancies
Authors: Chen Huanhua , Wang Caizhu , Zhou Hong , Shu Jinhui , Gan Xianyou , Xu Kongrong , Wu Zhulian , Deng Xihe , Huang Guiting , Lin Ruoyun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Azoospermic patients have benefited from both epididymal and testicular spermatozoa intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment and lasers have been used to identify viable but immotile spermatozoa before the procedure. However, there are limited studies on the safety of laser-assisted selection of immotile spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of laser-assisted selection of immotile spermatozoa on the obstetric and neonatal outcomes after ICSI.
Methods

A retrospective comparative study was conducted on patients who underwent ICSI treatment with testicular spermatozoa in our Reproductive Medicine Unit from June 2014 to June 2018. The 132 cycles were divided into two groups according to whether laser-assisted selection of spermatozoa was used.
Results

Compared with control group, no significant differences were found in the pregnancy, implantation, miscarriage and live birth rates in the laser group in either fresh or frozen transfer cycles. The cumulative live birth rate in the laser group was 69.70%, which was slightly higher than in the control group (60.61%), but this was not statistically different. There were no differences in the average gestational age, premature birth rate, neonatal birth weight and the malformation rate between the laser and control groups (P > 0.05). In addition, the obstetric outcome between the two groups were not different (P > 0.05).
Conclusions

No negative effect on perinatal and neonatal outcomes was seen by using laser-assisted selection of immotile spermatozoa for TESA-ICSI. This study endorses the use of laser-assisted selection of viable spermatozoa for ICSI cycles.
The New Role of Cytomorphology from Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Evaluating the Status of Prognostic Factors Including Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor and HER2 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Yunzhu , Li Jiayu , Jia Shijun , Yao Yuqi , Zhou Yehan , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose It is well established that estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) have therapeutic implications cand could be regarded as prognostic factors in breast cancer. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has revolutionized the management of cancers, providing less invasive and quick diagnostic method. There are hardly studies on the correlation between cytomorphology and three prognostic markers. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization of axillary lymph node specimen from 252 patients, who have been diagnosed as breast cancer at Sichuan Cancer Hospital. Morphologic features of cytology sections were scored. The relationship between cytological features and three markers were analyzed. Based on this, we developed a new system to predict the status of markers.Results The results indicated that some cytological parameters, especially the features of nucleoli, were distinctively related to the makers’ expression. In the new scoring system, a cutoff of 12.5 provided a statistical discrimination for cytological grading. Meanwhile, it was associated with higher sensitivity for evaluating the ER and PR status (94% and 86%, respectively), but a lower sensitivity for HER2 status (76%). Conclusions We concluded that cytomorphological features are associated with three prognostic factors. The HR+ tumors showed scattered micro-nucleoli, while HER2-amplication tumors demonstrated centered macro-nucleoli. Based on this, we summarized six parameters to form a new scoring system to predict the status of three factors. This may help us to broaden the application of breast cancer cytology.
Does an Innovative Paper-Based Health Information System (PHISICC) Improve Data Quality and use in Primary Health Care? Protocol of a Multi-Country, Cluster Randomised Controlled trial in Sub-Saharan African Rural Settings.
Authors: Bosch-Capblanch Xavier , Oyo-Ita Angela , Muloliwa Artur Manuel , Yapi Richard B , Auer Christian , Samba Mamadou , Gajewski Suzanne , Ross Amanda , Krause L Kendall , Ekpenyong Nnette , Nwankwo Ogonna , Njepuome Anthonia Ngozi , Lee Sofia Mandjate , Sacarlal Jahit , Madede Tavares , Berté Salimata , Matsinhe Graça , Garba Abdullahi Bulama , Brown David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFrontline health workers in remote, rural health facilities are the first contact of the formal health sector and are confronted with the need to make life-saving clinical and public health decisions. Appropriate health information systems (HIS) provide data to support the collection and use of data, thus facilitating decision-making. However, HIS focus on reporting and are unfit to support critical decisions at the peripheral level. Since data tools are paper-based in most primary health care settings, we have produced an innovative paper-based HIS (PHISICC), embracing all health care areas in primary health care, using a Human Centred Design, co-creation approach. The PHISICC tools aid decision-making, include recording and reporting and substitute the regular HIS tools. We are carrying out a cluster-randomised controlled trial in three African countries to assess the effects of PHISICC compared with the current systems, on data use and quality, quality of health care and health worker perceptions, in remote, rural settings.MethodsWe have selected study areas in rural zones of Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique and Nigeria. Seventy health facilities in each country have been randomly allocated to using PHISICC tools or to continuing to use the regular HIS tools (35 per arm). We have selected three villages in the catchment area of each health facility to carry out surveys in 10 households each. Outcomes of interest include data quality and use, coverage of health services, health workers perceptions and other process and explanatory variables. DiscussionWe strive to contribute to producing robust evidence on health systems interventions, affecting people in remote, rural settings where the most vulnerable live. The PHISICC tools focus on decision-making rather than data and are meant to support health workers decisions as well as reporting to the higher levels of the system. Robust evidence on HIS can better find its way to high quality systematic reviews and guidance development to inform policy and practice.Trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry - PACTR201904664660639. Registered 01/04/2019, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx.
Simulation of Heat Loss in CZTSSe Thin Film Solar Cells: A Coupled Optical-Electrical-Thermal Modeling
Authors: Zandi Soma , Seresht Mohsen Jamshidi , Gorji NIMA E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A coupled optical-electrical-thermal modeling has been developed to investigate the heat generation in CZTSSe solar cells via Thermalization, Joule heat, Peltier heat, Surface Recombination heat, and non-radiative recombination heat and also the heat dissipation via convective and radiative cooling. These were calculated and displayed in 2D and 3D maps either at zero bias or open-circuit voltage (V oc) conditions. At V=0, the heat is generated mainly at the junction of CZTSSe/CdS where the thermalization and Joule heats are dominantly higher compared to non-radiative (SRH and Auger) recombination heat. However, at V=V oc , the nan-radiative recombination heat becomes comparatively higher than the Joule heating whereas the thermalization remains highest as before. Apart from the bulk heating factors, we also studied the surface recombination and Peltier heat generation. The surface recombination heat is higher at V=V oc compared to at V=0 while the Peltier heat is zero at V=V oc which can be explained by looking at the energy band diagrams at these voltages. The total heat generation does not change much across the cell thickness (<5×10 9 W/m 3) as the cell is quite thin. Nevertheless, the individual impact of every heat generation factor on power-density and current-voltage characteristics of the cell reveals that the thermalization, Joule, and non-radiative recombination heats reduce the open-circuit voltage of the cell from 0.54 V to 0.49 V (∆V = 0.047 V) while the Peltier and surface recombination heat is less effective. The temperature of the cell shows a small distribution across the cell (0.01 K). However, the temperature of the initial study at 293 K increases to 315-320 K for the coupled study. At this increased temperature, the short current-density doesn’t change but the fill factor decreases from 73.8% to 71.8% and, therefore, the energy conversion efficiency of the cell falls by 11.11% (from initial 12.78% to 11.36%). All the total heat dissipation, convective, and radiation cooling follow a similar trend to the total heat generation but convective cooling is the dominant component of dissipation.
A comparison of thrombosis in total knee arthroplasty with and without a tourniquet: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xie Jia , Yu Hao , Wang Fangyuan , Jing Juehua , Li Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Tourniquets are widely used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but the issue of their safety remains controversial. Previous studies have focused on TKA blood loss, duration of surgery, and hemostatic drugs. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to analyze the effect of tourniquet use on postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT).
Methods

PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized clinical trials published before April 17, 2020 that compared the effect of tourniquet use on postoperative DVT, knee circumference, D-dimers, and pain measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results

Fourteen clinical trials that included 1321 unique participants were included in the meta-analysis. Among the total, 721 and 600 participants were randomized to the tourniquet and non-tourniquet groups, respectively. The incidence of postoperative thrombosis in the tourniquet group was significantly higher than in the non-tourniquet group (RR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.51–3.49, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%). On the 1st, 3rd, and 5th to 21st days, and 3 to 6 weeks after surgery, the knee circumference difference of the tourniquet group was significantly larger than that of the non-tourniquet group (P < 0.05). However, 4 to 6 months after the surgery, no significant difference in knee circumference was found between the two groups (MD 0.14, 95% CI: -0.02-0.31, P = 0.09, I2 = 0%). The VAS score of the tourniquet group was higher than the non-tourniquet group on the 3rd and 5th days after surgery (P < 0.05). However, this difference was not significant (MD 0.31, 95% CI: -0.05-0.66, P = 0.09, I2 = 89%).
Conclusion

Results of this meta-analysis indicate that tourniquet application could increase the incidence of postoperative DVT and aggravate postoperative pain and swelling in the short term. Level of evidence III.
Investigating the Antecedents&nbsp;of User Acceptance of Clinical Decision Support Systems: a Case from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albahly Mohammed Suliman , Seliaman Mohammed Elhassan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated research model to identify the technological and non-technological factors that influence user acceptance of the CDSS. This model is empirically tested using a data sample collected from selected healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia.
Methods
The research study uses the quantitative approach to evaluate the currently implemented CDSS as a part of Hospital Information System BESTCare 2.0 in Saudi Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. A survey questionnaire is conducted at all Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs hospitals for data collection. Then, the survey data is analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and AMOS 21.0. This analysis includes: measurement instrument reliability, discriminant validity, convergent validity, and hypothesis testing. Moreover, a CDSS usage data sample is extracted from the data warehouse to be analyzed as an additional data source.
Results
The results of the hypotheses testing show that usability, availability, and medical history accessibility are the important factors influencing user acceptance of CDSS.
Conclusions
This study provides prudence pertaining to healthcare facilities and their higher management to adopt CDSS.