bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Family Sports Attitude on Children’s Sports Participation, Screen Time, and Body Mass Index
Authors: Lian Yin , Peijie Chen , Kun Wang , Tingran Zhang , Hengxu Liu , Jinxin Yang , Wenyun Lu , Jiong Luo 
Published: December 2021

Background: Children’s physical health is an important resource for a country’s future construction. However, researchers found that the physical fitness of young children around the world has declined during the two decades, from 1992 to 2012. The decline in the physique of young children has caused widespread concern around the world. Children’s main living places are families and kindergartens, so this research explores the impact of family factors on children’s body mass index (BMI) from the perspective of family attitudes, children’s sports participation, and screen time.Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of children in China. A total of 600 children were investigated, and 589 valid questionnaires were obtained. SPSS21.0 statistical analysis software was used for descriptive analysis, mean comparison, and correlation analysis of the data. AMOS 21.0 was used to construct a structural equation model and carry out path analysis.Results: (1) There are significant differences in children’s family sports attitude, sports participation, screen time, and BMI with different family structures, and parents’ education levels. (2) Family sports attitude is significantly positively correlated with parents’ education levels and children’s sports participation, and negatively correlated with children’s screen time and BMI. (3) Children’s sports participation and screen time play a chain-mediating role between family sports attitude and children’s BMI, and the role is a complete mediating role. Therefore, family sports attitudes can affect children’s physical health by affecting children’s sports participation and screen time. To promote children’s physical health, we should pay attention to the intervention of family sports attitude. (4) The mediating effects of exercise participation and screen time are similar in different family structures, so the structure of this study can be applied to different family structures.Conclusions: Children’s family sports attitude, sports participation, and screen time can affect children’s BMI. Children’s screen time and sports participation play a chain-mediating role in the influence of family sports attitudes on the path of children’s BMI. The results of this study will provide a useful reference for teachers and parents to control children’s physical health.
Recovering Context in Psychiatry: What Contextual Analysis of Service Users' Narratives Can Teach About Recovery Support
Authors: van Sambeek Nienke , Baart Andries , Franssen Gaston , van Geelen Stefan , Scheepers Floortje 
Published: December 2021

Aim:Enhancement of recovery-oriented care in psychiatry requires insight into the personal meaning and context of recovery. The Psychiatry Story Bank is a narrative project, designed to meet this need, by collecting, sharing and studying the narratives of service-users in psychiatry. Our study was aimed at expanding insight into personal recovery through contextual analysis of these first-person narratives.Methods:We analyzed 25 narratives, as collected through research interviews. To capture the storied context on both a personal, interpersonal and ideological level we combined several forms of qualitative analysis. A total of 15 narrative characteristics were mapped and compared.Results:Through comparative analysis we identified four narratives genres in our sample: Lamentation (narratives about social loss), Reconstruction (narratives about the impact of psychosis), Accusation (narratives about injustice in care), and Travelogue (narratives about identity transformation). Each genre provides insight into context-bound difficulties and openings for recovery and recovery-support.Conclusion:A contextual approach to studying personal recovery offers insights that can help attune recovery support in psychiatry. Important clues for recovery support can be found in people's narrated core struggle and the associated desire to be recognized in a particular way. Our results also indicate that familiarity with different ways of understanding mental distress, can help people to express and reframe their struggles and desires in a helpful way, thereby facilitating recognition.
Apathy as a Risky Neuropsychiatric Syndrome of Progression From Normal Aging to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fan Zili , Wang Luchun , Zhang Haifeng , Lv Xiaozhen , Tu Lihui , Zhang Ming , Zhang Ying , Yan Caihua , Yu Xin , Wang Huali 
Published: December 2021

Background: Apathy has been suggested as a potential predictor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progression to dementia. Whether it might predict the transition from normal cognitive function to cognitive impairment has been less studied. The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence on the association between apathy and the transition from normal cognitive function to cognitive impairment.Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for longitudinal prospective cohort studies that evaluated apathy at baseline in the cognitively normal population and had cognitive impairment as the outcome. Random effects models were used, and heterogeneity was explored with stratification. The stability of the synthesized result was indicated using sensitivity analysis by excluding one study each time and recalculating the overall effect.Results: Ten studies comprising 26,195 participants were included. Apathy status was available for 22,101 participants. Apathy was present in 1,803 of 22,101 participants (8.16%). Follow-up ranged from 1 to 13 years. The combined odds ratio (OR) of cognitive impairment for patients with apathy was 2.07 (95% CI: 1.43–2.99; I2 = 86%), and the combined hazard ratio was 2.70 (95% CI: 1.38–5.27; I2 = 94%). The OR meta-analyses for different conversion outcomes were MCI (OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.57–7.28; I2 =71%), cognitive decline (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.81–2.00; I2 = 64%) and dementia (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.32–3.41; I2 = 86%). Subgroup analysis suggested that the association between apathy and cognitive impairment changed with age, depression adjustments, apathy measurement, and follow-up time.Conclusions: Apathy was associated with a greater than 2-fold increased risk of progression to cognitive impairment in the cognitively normal population. Future interventions targeting apathy management in the general population may reduce the risk of cognitive impairment.
Hispanic/Latino Acculturation Profiles and Telomere Length: Latent Class Analysis on a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Montiel Ishino Francisco Alejandro , McNab Philip , Villalobos Kevin , Cohen Jeffrey H. , Nápoles Anna M. , Williams Faustine 
Published: December 2021

Background: Acculturation profiles and their impact on telomere length among foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos living in the United States (US) are relatively unknown. The limited research available has linked acculturation with shortened telomere length.Objectives: To identify acculturation profiles among a US representative sample of Hispanics/Latinos and to then examine telomere length differences between profiles.Methods: We conducted a latent class analysis among a non-institutionalized US-representative sample of Hispanics/Latinos using the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 2,292). The latent variable of acculturation was assessed by length of time in the US and language used as a child, read and spoken, usually spoken at home, used to think, and used with friends (i.e., Spanish and/or English). Telomere length assessed from leukocytes was used as the distal continuous outcome.Results: We identified five profiles: (1) low acculturated [33.2% of sample]; (2) partially integrated [18.6% of sample]; (3) integrated [19.4% of sample]; (4) partially assimilated [15.1% of sample]; and (5) assimilated [13.7% of sample]. Acculturation profiles revealed nuanced differences in conditional probabilities with language use despite the length of time spent in the US. While telomere length did vary, there were no significant differences between profiles.Conclusion: Profiles identified revealed that possible life-course and generational effects may be at play in the partially assimilated and assimilated profiles. Our findings expand public health research using complex survey data to identify and assess the dynamic relationship of acculturation profiles and health biomarkers, while being among the first to examine this context using a person-centered approach.
What Is the Role of Pharmacists in Treating COVID-19 Patients? The Experiences and Expectations of Front Line Medical Staff
Authors: Jia Xuedong , Zhang Wan , Du Shuzhang , Wen Linlin , Li Hongye , Yin Zhao , Li Jun , Zhang Xiaojian 
Published: December 2021

Aims: The study aimed to understand the role and the core values of pharmacists and the professional expectations of medical staff for pharmacists in treating COVID-19 patients from the perspectives of the frontline medical staff. The findings help to understand and provide a reference for the career growth path of future pharmacists.Methods: A phenomenological method was used to conduct in-depth interviews with frontline medical staff working in isolation wards during COVID-19. The interview data were analyzed, and the themes were extracted.Results: Pharmacists played a positive role in ensuring the supply of non-routinely stocked drugs, including traditional Chinese medicine preventative preparations, providing drug information and medication consultation for complex patients, and identifying adverse drug reactions. However, at present, the integration of pharmacists and nurses is poor with inadequate communication, and the pharmaceutical care activities provided to physicians were still not comprehensive.Conclusions: The level of pharmaceutical care provided by pharmacists needs to be further strengthened. Frontline medical teams generally have high professional expectations for pharmacists, including expecting pharmacists to become drug therapy experts. They expect pharmacists to fully participate in clinical decision-making, especially playing a central role in managing drug interactions, contraindications, and other clinical uses of drugs.
Impact of Changes in Infection Control Measures on the Dynamics of COVID-19 Infections in Schools and Pre-schools
Authors: Sombetzki Martina , Lücker Petra , Ehmke Manja , Bock Sabrina , Littmann Martina , Reisinger Emil C. , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Kästner Anika 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: With the increased emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the impact on schools and preschools remains a matter of debate. To ensure that schools and preschools are kept open safely, the identification of factors influencing the extent of outbreaks is of importance.Aim: To monitor dynamics of COVID-19 infections in schools and preschools and identify factors influencing the extent of outbreaks.Methods: In this prospective observational study we analyzed routine surveillance data of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, from calendar week (CW) 32, 2020 to CW19, 2021 regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection events in schools and preschools considering changes in infection control measures over time. A multivariate linear regression model was fitted to evaluate factors influencing the number of students, teachers and staff tested positive following index cases in schools and preschools. Due to an existing multicollinearity in the common multivariate regression model between the variables “face mask obligation for children” and “face mask obligation for adults”, two further separate regression models were set up (Multivariate Model Adults and Multivariate Model Children).Results: We observed a significant increase in secondary cases in preschools in the first quarter of 2021 (CW8 to CW15, 2021), and simultaneously a decrease in secondary cases in schools. In multivariate regression analysis, the strongest predictor of the extent of the outbreaks was the teacher/ caregiver mask obligation (B = −1.9; 95% CI: −2.9 to −1.0; p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, adult index cases (adult only or child+adult combinations) increased the likelihood of secondary cases (B = 1.3; 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.8; p &lt; 0.001). The face mask obligation for children also showed a significant reduction in the number of secondary cases (B = −0.6; 95% CI: −0.9 to −0.2; p = 0.004.Conclusion: The present study indicates that outbreak events at schools and preschools are effectively contained by an obligation for adults and children to wear face masks.
Vacuolar Protein-Sorting Receptor MoVps13 Regulates Conidiation and Pathogenicity in Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Zhu Xueming , Li Lin , Wang Jiaoyu , Zhao Lili , Shi Huanbin , Bao Jiandong , Su Zhenzhu , Liu Xiaohong , Lin Fucheng 
Published: December 2021

Magnaporthe oryzae (synonym Pyricularia oryzae) is a filamentous fungal pathogen that causes major yield losses in cultivated rice worldwide. However, the mechanisms of infection of M. oryzae are not well characterized. The VPS13 proteins play vital roles in various biological processes in many eukaryotic organisms, including in the organization of actin cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, mitochondrial fusion, and phagocytosis. Nevertheless, the function of the Vps13 protein in plant pathogenic fungi has not been explored. Here, we analysed the biological functions of the Vps13 protein in the development and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. Deletion mutants of MoVps13 significantly reduced the conidiation and decreased the rate of fungal infection on hosts. Moreover, the loss of MoVps13 resulted in defective cell wall integrity (CWI) and plasma membrane (PM) homeostasis when treated with chemicals for inducing cell wall stress (200 mg/mL Congo Red or 0.005% SDS) and sphingolipid synthesis inhibitors (2 μM myriocin or 2 μM amphotericin B). This indicated that MoVps13 is also involved in cell wall synthesis and sphingolipid synthesis. Through immunoblotting, autophagic flux detection, co-localization, and chemical drug sensitivity assays, we confirmed the involvement of Movps13 in ER-phagy and the response to ER stress. Additionally, we generated the C-terminal structure of MoVps13 with high accuracy using the alphaflod2 database. Our experimental evidence indicates that MoVps13 is an important virulence factor that regulates the pathogenicity of M. oryzae by controlling CWI, lipid metabolism and the ER-phagy pathway. These results have expanded our knowledge about pathogenic fungi and will help exploration for novel therapeutic strategies against the rice blast fungus.
Efeitos da Terapia Espelho na funcionalidade do membro superior pós-AVC: revisão integrativa
Authors: De Sousa Mesquita Silva Elisson , Silva Barros Ana Carolina , Nascimento de Brito Antonia Mairla , Oliveira Lima Rodrigues Igor , Raysa Lima Maximiano Hyorranne , Sousa Montelo Elivelton , Brito de Siqueira Jessica Inara , Nascimento Lucas da , Alves Pereira Tassiane Maria , Do Vale Bastos Victor Hugo 
Published: December 2021

Introdução. O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é um acometimento neurológico que pode ser classificado em dois tipos: isquêmico e hemorrágico, capazes de causarem uma série de alterações motoras, cognitivas e sensoriais. Nesse contexto, a Terapia Espelho é um recurso de baixo custo, implementado no tratamento para membros paralisados. Objetivo. Reunir informações através de uma busca na literatura a fim de verificar os efeitos da Terapia espelho na funcionalidade do membro superior afetado de pacientes pós-acidente vascular cerebral. Método. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura por meio da busca de estudos nas bases de dados PubMed, BVS; CINAHL; Embase; Web of Science; Scopus. A seleção dos artigos se deu em quatro etapas: levantamento bibliográfico utilizando as palavras-chaves “Stroke” AND “paresis” OR “upper extremity” AND “mirror therapy”, leitura do título, leitura do resumo e leitura na íntegra dos artigos. Resultados. Foram identificados 310 estudos, dos quais 13 foram avaliados pela escala PEDro, tornando-se elegíveis para a revisão, de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos. Conclusão. A Terapia Espelho associada ou não a outras intervenções foi capaz de melhorar a funcionalidade do membro superior afetado de indivíduos, nos aspectos motores, sensitivos, atividade de vida diária, e proporcionou qualidade de vida dos pacientes pós-AVC.
PENERAPAN RESTORATIF JUSTICE DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK
Authors: Cornelius Arilasman , Harefa Beniharmoni 
Published: December 2021

Keberhasilan konsep restorative justice membutuhkan usaha yang kooperatif dari para penegak hukum agar tercipta sebuah alternatif untuk korban dan pelaku menyelesaikan konflik hukum mereka. Adanya restorative justice diharapkan mampu memberikan kepentingan-kepentingan para pihak dan para penegak hukum. Restorative justice juga menekankan hak asasi manusia dan memperhatikan keadilan serta dampak dalam pemberian sanksi pada keadilan formal atau hukum. Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah tersebut, maka akan dirumuskan identifikasi masalah yaitu penetapan diversi yang dilakukan oleh Penuntut Umum terhadap anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum di Kejaksaan Negeri Jakarta Barat dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (SPAA) dan faktor yang menjadi hambatan bagi Penuntut Umum dalam penyelesaian perkara anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum dengan menerapkan Diversi. Jenis penelitian Penerapan Restoratif Justice Dalam Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak merupakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian yang mengacu kepada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dapat pula dikatakan sebagai penelitian kepustakaan. Dalam penelitian ini bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan dari sebuah studi kepustakaan. Jaksa Penuntut Umum Kejaksaan Negeri Jakarta Barat menerapkan diversi pada sistem peradilan pidana anak dengan melakukan pendekatan kepada pelaku dan orang tua pelaku, korban dan orang tua korban, Balai Pemasyarakatan, serta masyarakat sekitar pelaku dan korban. Proses diversi yang dilakukan oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum telah tercapai kesepakatan dengan pelaku dan orang tua pelaku meminta maaf kepada korban agar tindak pidana tersebut tidak dilakukan proses peradilan pidana. hambatan bagi Penuntut Umum dalam penyelesaian perkara anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum dengan menerapkan Diversi diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut : faktor susahnya menghadirkan para pihak, faktor tidak terdapatnya kesepakatan diantara para pihak, faktor kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang Diversi, faktor sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai, faktor budaya hukum yang merupakan faktor kebiasaan. Dalam penelitian ini masih banyak sekali kekurangan, khususnya mengenai dasar-dasar hukum penerapan diversi dalam proses peradilan anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum. Untuk peneliti selanjutnya sebaiknya lebih menekankan lagi kepada dasar hukum penerapan diversi dalam sistem peradilan anak. Kata Kunci : Diversi, Hambatan, Sistem Peradilan Anak
EFFICIENT LINE DETECTION METHOD BASED ON 2D CONVOLUTION FILTER
Authors: Kowalski Paweł , Tojza Piotr 
Published: December 2021

The article proposes an efficient line detection method using a 2D convolution filter. The proposed method was compared with the Hough transform, the most popular method of straight lines detection. The developed method is suitable for local detection of straight lines with a slope from -45˚ to 45˚. Also, it can be used for curve detection which shape is approximated with the short straight sections. The new method is characterized by a constant computational cost regardless of the number of set pixels. The convolution is performed using the logical conjunction and sum operations. Moreover, design of the developed filter and the method of filtration allows for parallelization. Due to constant computation cost, the new method is suitable for implementation in the hardware structure of real-time image processing systems.
Growing of bulk β-(Al
x
Ga1−x
)2O3 crystals from the melt by Czochralski method and investigation of their structural and optical properties
Authors: Zakgeim Dmitrii , Bauman Dmitrii , Panov Dmitrii , Spiridonov Vladislav , Kremleva Arina , Smirnov Andrei , Odnoblyudov Maxim , Romanov Alexey , Bougrov Vladislav 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bulk (Al
x
Ga1−x
)2O3 crystals with an Al fraction x in the range from 0.0 to 0.23 were successfully grown by the Czochralski method. An increase in the band gap from 4.7 to 5.1 eV with the rise of the Al content was demonstrated by analyzing optical transmission spectra. The crystal quality of the obtained samples was characterized by X-ray diffractometry. The appearance of the crystal’s mosaic blockness was found for the Al fraction x above 0.05.
Applicability of Spray Drying Technique to Prepare Nano-Micro Carriers: A Review
Authors: Archana Mishra  , Kumar Jitendra , Chandra Bhainsa Kuber 
Published: December 2021

Nano-micro carriers loaded with drugs and active biomolecules have gained a lot of attention in the field of health care, agriculture, and the food industry. Various methods have been explored to synthesize nano-micro carriers. However, there is still a constant search to develop a method for the preparation of a large quantity of nano-micro carriers with high loading efficiency. In this regard, spray drying could be a potential technique because of its inherent features like ease to operate, cost-effectiveness, environment-friendly, single step, and scalable. In this review, the focus is on the applicability of spray drying technique to prepare nano-micro carriers which are loaded with drugs, microorganisms, and other active molecules. Subsequently, the application and usefulness of spray-dried products in different research areas like the food industry, remediation of heavy metals and bioprocessing, and drug delivery have been presented. Furthermore, advantages, limitations, and recent developments in the area of spray drying have been discussed. This review presents a glimpse of spray drying techniques to synthesize nano-micro carriers with a wide range of applications.
ANALYSIS OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF ADOLESCENTS WITH SPINAL DEFORMITY OF VARIOUS ORIGINS
Authors: Ахмедова Мехрибан Ахмедовна , Щурова Елена Николаевна 
Published: December 2021

Аналогичный характер изменений физиологических параметров, чувствительной и двигательной сфер у подростков с идиопатическим и врождённым сколиозом может свидетельствовать о том, что причиной наблюдаемых изменений является не этиология заболевания, а недостаточный уровень моторной активности и процессы, связанные с развитием деформации позвоночника.
The similar nature of changes in physiological parameters, sensory and motor spheres in adolescents with idiopathic and congenital scoliosis may indicate that the cause of the observed changes is not the etiology of the disease, but an insufficient level of motor activity and processes associated with the development of spinal deformity.