bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Oral Hygiene Knowledge: Investigating the Source for Successful Oral Hygiene Behavior in Children
Authors: Moore Ed.D. Wallace 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe deleterious effects of dental caries in children can often be arrested if parents are knowledgeable regarding dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a parent’s level of oral hygiene knowledge and the oral hygiene behaviors of their children ages 7 to 17 in the greater United States.MethodsThe researcher utilized a quantitative descriptive study based on a non-experimental cross-sectional survey design. 103 participants voluntarily responded. To be eligible, participants had to live in the greater United States and have a child between the ages of 7 to 17.ResultsData analysis was completed using inferential statistics while utilizing the chi-square test of independence as the analytical method. The Chi-Square test was used to determine whether a relationship between the parent’s hygiene knowledge and the child’s oral hygiene behaviors existed. Results did reveal an association between the variables, a parent’s hygiene knowledge and their child’s oral health hygiene behaviors upon completion of the chi-square test analysis.ConclusionsThe oral hygiene knowledge of some parents needs to be increased to ensure positive outcomes with their child’s oral hygiene behaviors—information about pit and fissure sealants to aid in the prevention of dental caries for their children would be highly advantageous. Additionally, further studies are warranted to address possible limitations of the child and parental socioeconomic issues.Practical ImplicationsMore schools need to invest in school-based sealant programs to offer parents another alternative to help with the prevention of dental caries in their children.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting the 6-Month Survival Rate in Incident Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Li Guode , Jiang linsen , Li Jiangpeng , shen huaying , Jiang Shan , Ouyang Han , song kai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The all-cause mortality in hemodialysis(HD) patients is higher than in the general population and the first 6 months after initiating dialysis is an important transitional period for new HD patients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the 6-month survival rate among HD patients.
Methods

We developed a prediction model based on a training cohort of 679 HD patients. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors, followed by establishment of a nomogram. Next, performance of the nomogram was assessed using the C-index and calibration plots. The nomogram was validated through applying discrimination and calibration to an additional cohort of 173 HD patients.
Results

During a follow-up period of six months, there were 47 and 12 deaths in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively, with a mortality rate of 7.3% and 6.9%, respectively. The score included five commonly available predictors: age, temporary dialysis catheter, intradialytic hypotension, use of ACEi or ARB, and use of loop diuretics. The score revealed good discrimination in the training cohort [C-index 0.775(0.693-0.857)] and validation cohort [C-index 0.758(0.677-0.836)], whereas the calibration plots showed good calibration, indicating suitable performance of the nomogram model. The total score point was then divided into two risk classifications: low risk (0-90 points) and high risk (≥ 91 points). Results showed that all-cause mortality was significantly different in HD patients in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group.
Conclusions

This nomogram can accurately predict the 6-month survival rate for HD patients, and thus it can be used in clinical decision-making.
Response of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Function to Different Altitudes in Arid Valley in Panzhihua, China
Authors: Zhang Runji , Tian Xianrui , Xiang Quanju , Penttinen Petri , Gu Yunfu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Altitude affects biodiversity and physic-chemical properties of soil, providing natural sites for studying species distribution and the response of biota to environmental changes. We sampled soil at three altitudes in an arid valley, determined the physic-chemical characteristics and microbial community composition in the soils, identified differentially abundant taxa and the relationships between community composition and environmental factors. Results: The low, medium and high altitudes were roughly separated based on the physic-chemical characteristics and clearly separated based on the microbial community composition. The differences in community composition were associated with differences in all measured factors except pH. The contents of organic and microbial biomass C, total and available N and available P, and the richness and diversity of the microbial communities were lowest in the medium altitude. The relative abundances of phyla Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were high at all altitudes. The differentially abundant ASVs were mostly assigned to Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. The highest number of ASVs characterizing altitude were detected in the high altitude. However, the predicted functions of the communities were overlapping, suggesting that the contribution of the communities to soil processes changed relatively little along the altitude gradient. Conclusions: The composition of microbial community at different altitudes was related to the differences of all measuring factors except pH in arid valley in Panzhihua, China.
Trastuzumab in the Treatment of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast Induces Severe Edema: A Case Report
Authors: Zhao Hua , Zheng Jie , Wang Qin , Ai Yueqin , Zhao Ying , Wang Jing , Hu Jianhua , Jia Shaochang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTrastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody which binds to the extracellular domain of HER2, is the first biological drug approved for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. However, trastuzumab exhibits a series of adverse reactions in clinic, including cardiac toxicity, nerve damage, mild edema, abnormal liver function, thrombocytopenia, etc.Case presentationWe reported an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast patient with single dose trastuzumab treatment developed a rare severe edema in patient’s neck, face, chest, abdomen, and both upper limbs. One month after trastuzumab administration, the patient was given methylprednisone (80 mg/day) for 5 days. The edema in patient’s neck, face and both upper limbs was mildly reduced compared with before, but patient’s CT image showed no significant reduction of edema.ConclusionTrastuzumab has an adverse reaction of edema, but this severe edema is extremely rare. It is important to increase awareness of serious adverse reactions among oncologist, and treat such serious adverse reactions at an early stage may reduce further damage.
Study on Gas Leakage Detection and Pressure Difference Identification by Asymmetric Differential Pressure Method
Authors: Shi Yan , Chang Jia-Qi , Wang Yi-Xuan , Zhao Xue-Lin , Zhang Qing-Zhen , Yang Li-Man 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As the most common actuator in the pneumatic system, the excellent air tightness of the tank is the key to meet the use requirements of automatic equipment. This paper introduces the common air tightness detection contents, and models the inflation and detection process of the differential pressure method. In order to break away from the restriction on the detection efficiency caused by the asynchronous temperature recovery of the two chambers in the asymmetric differential pressure method, the differential calculation of directly detected pressure difference is replaced by the pressure difference substitute formula. The influence of various parameters in the fitting formula is analyzed by simulation, and the effectiveness of this method is verified by experiments.
Whole-genome Sequencing Reveals De-novo Mutations Associated with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip/Palate
Authors: Awotoye Waheed , Mossey Peter A. , Hetmanski Jacqueline B. , Gowans Lord Jephthah Joojo , Eshete Mekonen A. , Adeyemo Wasiu L. , Alade Azeez , Zeng Erliang , Adamson Olawale , Naicker Thirona , Anand Deepti , Adeleke Chinyere , Busch Tamara , Li Mary , Petrin Aline , Aregbesola Babatunde S. , Braimah Ramat O. , Oginni Fadekemi O. , Oladele Ayodeji O. , Oladayo Abimbola , Kayali Sami , Olotu Joy , Hassan Mohaned , Pape John , Donkor Peter , Arthur Fareed K.N. , Obiri-Yeboah Solomon , Sabbah Daniel K. , Agbenorku Pius , Plange-Rhule Gyikua , Oti Alexander Acheampong , Gogal Rose A. , Beaty Terri H. , Taub Margaret , Marazita Mary L. , Schnieders Michael J. , Lachke Salil A. , Adeyemo Adebowale A. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Butali Azeez 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The majority (85%) of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) cases occur sporadically, suggesting a role for de novo mutations (DNMs) in the etiology of nsCL/P. To identify high impact DNMs that contribute to the risk of nsCL/P, we conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) analyses in 130 African case-parent trios (affected probands and unaffected parents). We identified 162 high confidence protein-altering DNMs that contribute to the risk of nsCL/P. These include novel loss-of-function DNMs in the ACTL6A, ARHGAP10, MINK1, TMEM5 and TTN genes; as well as missense variants in ACAN, DHRS3, DLX6, EPHB2, FKBP10, KMT2D, RECQL4, SEMA3C, SEMA4D, SHH, TP63, and TULP4. Experimental evidence showed that ACAN, DHRS3, DLX6, EPHB2, FKBP10, KMT2D, MINK1, RECQL4, SEMA3C, SEMA4D, SHH, TP63, and TTN genes contribute to facial development and mutations in these genes could contribute to CL/P. Association studies have identified TULP4 as a potential cleft candidate gene, while ARHGAP10 interacts with CTNNB1 to control WNT signaling. DLX6, EPHB2, SEMA3C and SEMA4D harbor novel damaging DNMs that may affect their role in neural crest migration and palatal development. This discovery of pathogenic DNMs also confirms the power of WGS analysis of trios in the discovery of potential pathogenic variants.
Subthalamic Nucleus-Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wang Feng , Li Cong-Hui , Wang Ji-Wei , Han Chun-Lei , Fan Shi-Ying , Gao Dong-Mei , Xing Yu-Jing , Yang Chen , Zhang Jian-Guo , Meng Fan-Gang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
To study the effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
Methods
57 PD patients, who underwent bilateral STN-DBS from March to December 2018, were retrospectively analyzed, preplanned assessments at baseline and postoperatively at 1, 3 and 6 months also included the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic questionnaire (SCOPA-Aut), the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score, levodopa equivalent day dose (LEDD), Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD).
Results
The SCOPA-Aut scores improved significantly [14.59% (18.32%), 24.00% (27.05%), 22.16% (27.07%), respectively, all P <0.001] at 1 months, 3 months, 6months of STN-DBS respectively. Analysis of the SCOPA-Aut subitems showed significant improvement only in urine and thermoregulation subitems at 6 months after operation (P <0.001). There was no significant correlation between the improvement rate of SCOPA-Aut scores and the improvement rate of PDQ-39 scores (P>0.05) at 6 months after operation. SCOPA-Aut scores was positively correlated with age (r=0.428, P=0.001); The improvement rate of SCCOPA-Aut scores was positively correlated with the improvement rate of HAMA and HAMD scores (HAMA: r=0.325, P=0.015; HAMD: r=0.265, P=0.049) at 6 months after operation.
Conclusion
STN-DBS can improve autonomic dysfunction symptoms of PD patients, urinary and thermoregulatory subitems of autonomic dysfunction were improved in the short term after operation. There was a close relationship between improved autonomic symptoms and improved anxiety and depression 6 months after operation. We should pay more attention to the autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, detailed preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up, so as to better improve the QOL of patients.
REDbox: a comprehensive semantic framework for data collection and management in tuberculosis research
Authors: Lima Vinicius Costa , Bernardi Filipe Andrade , Pellison Felipe Carvalho , Júnior Francisco Barbosa , Filho Márcio Elói , Alves Domingos , Kritski Afrânio Lineu , Galliez Rafael Mello , Rijo Rui Pedro Charters Lopes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The outcomes of a clinical research directly depend on the correct definition of the research protocol, the data collection strategy and the data management plan. Furthermore, researchers often need to work within challenging contexts, such as in Tuberculosis services, where human and technological resources for research may be rare. The use of Electronic Data Capture systems, such as REDCap and KoBotoolbox, can help to mitigate such risks and to enable a reliable environment to conduct health research and promote results dissemination and data reusability. The proposed solution was based on needs pinpointed by researchers, considering the lack of an embracing solution to conduct research in low resources environments. The REDbox framework was built to enhance data collection, management and sharing in tuberculosis research, while providing a better user experience. The relevance of this article lies in the innovative approach to support TB research by combining existing technologies and developing support features. When focusing on positive aspects of each tool, it is possible to underpin tuberculosis research by improving data collection, management capability and security. Furthermore, the aggregation of meaning in raw data helps to promote the quality and the availability of research data.
Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors Analysis for the Recurrence of Pelvic Endodermal Sinus Tumors
Authors: Guo Yanglong , Chen Xi , Lin Qingqing , Zhu Tao , Zhang Ying-Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: This study investigated the clinicopathological characteristics and factors influencing the recurrence of pelvic endodermal sinus tumor. Methods: Fifty-four cases were retrospectively analyzed from at the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. Imaging and serological indicators were used to determine whether disease recurred, to evaluate progression-free survival, and to compare the influence of related factors on disease recurrence. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: The median age at initial treatment was 21 years (range, 11–52 years). Six patients had extragonadal endodermal sinus tumor, and four had histological features of endodermal sinus tumor combined with embryonal carcinoma. Thirty-nine patients underwent fertility-preserving surgery, 18 patients had a childbearing history, and eight patients had residual tumor after initial treatment. Twenty-six patients had a tumor diameter of more than 15 cm, and 30 patients had a serum α‑fetoprotein level greater than 10,000 ng/mL before initial management. The median follow-up time was 47.5 months (range, 14–212 months). During follow-up, 15 patients experience recurrence, with a recurrence rate of 27.8% and a 5-year PFS rate of 61.1%. In univariate analysis, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (stage III-IV VS. I-II; HR= 10.054 p<0.001), residual tumor (yes VS. no for the first surgery; HR=5.014 p=0.001), histological features (endodermal sinus tumor combined with embryonal carcinoma VS. endodermal sinus tumor; HR=4.130 p=0.018), and use of platinum-based chemotherapy (courses≥3 VS. courses<3; HR= 0.188 p=0.004) were independent factors influencing recurrence; age, childbearing history, tumor site, tumor size, and serum α-fetoprotein level before initial management did not affect recurrence. In multivariate analysis, only stage was an independent risk factor for progression-free survival（stage III-IV VS. I-II; HR=6.923 p=0.019）. Conclusions: Stage is a prognostic factor for recurrence of pelvic endodermal sinus tumor. The first surgery should remove the tumor as completely as possible, and initial treatment should require a sufficient dose and full course of platinum-based chemotherapy, which may reduce the recurrence rate. Patients with endodermal sinus tumor and embryonal carcinoma may have increased susceptibility of recurrence.
The Challenges of Frontline Health Managers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Framework Analysis Study
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Rashmi Anusha , Aggarwal Sumit , Panda Meely , Jena Shubharanjan , Epari Venkatarao , Baidya Shubratho , Ramesh N.R Masthi , Sahoo Jyotiranjan , Sabat Smaranita 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCoronavirus was first officially reported in Wuhan city of China in December 2019. As this novel coronavirus spread rapidly throughout the world, health care workers faced many difficulties addressing the pandemic. In the present study, we explored the challenges faced by front-line health managers on human resource management, execution of the central policies, training and in formulating innovative approaches during the covid-19 pandemic in India. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using framework analysis among front-line health managers concerning covid-19 management at the district level. We conducted 120 in-depth interviews (IDIs) among eight states with the use of an Interview guide. Results: The results are described under five sections: First: 'challenges of front-line managers in policymaking and its execution' 'human resource management' 'gaps in local execution of central policies' 'challenges in training workforce and data management' 'innovative approaches adopted during COVID 19'. Conclusions: We observed that a centre-down approach was not appreciated much. Many participants felt that there was a need to understand the local context and appropriate amendment. The private system is a part of the Indian health system and can never be ignored, thus all guidelines should include the private system.
Construction of a Turn-off-on Fluorescent System Based On Aggregation Induced Emission of Acetaldehyde Using Carbonized Polymer Dots and Tb3+
Authors: Guan Rentian , Zhang Shuai , Fan Xiaoyu , Shao Xiaodong , Hu Yingying , Liu Tao , Wang Shuhao , Yue Qiaoli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It was the first time to report the aggregation induced emission (AIE) of acetaldehyde (AA) on the surface of carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) with the auxiliary of Tb3+. Based on the AIE of AA, a turn-off-on fluorescence method was established for AA detection using the porous CPDs-Tb3+ system. The one-pot hydrothermal method was used to obtain CPDs, using milk and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as precursors. In the presence of Tb3+, CPDs aggregated immediately, and the fluorescence intensity decreased obviously for the precipitate. AA can effectively embed on the surface of CPDs-Tb3+ due to the porous structure. AA displayed obviously blue fluorescence with excitation wavelength at 370 nm (emission peak at 460 nm), while there was no fluorescence peak when excited at 460 nm. In the CPDs-Tb3+ solution, AA exhibits obvious fluorescence enhancement effect (lex 460 nm, lem 545 nm). And then, AA can be determined by the turn-off-on system based on the linear relationship between fluorescence enhancement and the concentration of AA ranging from 0.04 mM to 42.48 mM. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.02 mM. The turn-off-on system was successfully applied to determine AA in wine samples. The strategy may be exploited to monitor AA in more drinking or foodstuff samples.
Nonlinear Optical Rectification of Tuned Quantum Dots Under the Action of a Vertical Magnetic Field
Authors: Zhao Zhuang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The effects of tuned quantum dots (QD) on the optical rectification (OR) coefficient under the action of the external magnetic field, hydrostatic pressure, temperature and quantum dot radius is theoretically studied in detail. The tuned quantum dots are subjected to a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the structure plane. Within the framework of effective mass approximation and parabolic approximation, the energy level and wave function are derived, and the nonlinear optical rectification coefficients are calculated by the compact density matrix method and iterative method. Numerical results show that under different constraint parameters, the resonance peak of the OR coefficient moves in the direction of high energy or low energy, that is, red shift or blue shift. At the same time, the peak value of the OR coefficient will increase or decrease with the change of the parameters.
Position of Biphenyl Group Turning The Structure and Photophysical Property of D-π-π-A Prototype Fluorescent Material
Authors: Wu Dong-En , Yin Qin-Yuan , Guo Qing-Hui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Three novel D-π-π-A prototype compounds, namely, (E)-2-(3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1-(9H-fluoren-2-yl) allylidene) malononitri-le (2-BAM), (E)-2-(3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)allylidene) malononitri-le (3-BAM), (E)-2-(3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)allylidene) malononitri-le (4-BAM) were synthesized. Furthermore, the structures and photophysical properties of three compounds were compared. Molecules of 2-BAM were packed into a 1D column structure with H-aggregation. However, both of 3-BAM and 4-BAM were packed into 3D layer structures with J-aggregation, respectively. Although three compounds all showed highly twisted molecular geometries, their molecular packing and intermolecular interactions were different. Because of the differences in electronic structures of molecules, the three compounds displayed different emission behaviors in solid and dilute solution. This study indicated that changing the position of biphenyl groups is an effective way to turn the structures and photophysical properties of such D-π-π-A prototype fluorescent material.