bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the three‐dimensional morphology and dynamics of the optically evolving polystyrene nanoparticle assembly using dual‐objective lens microscopy
Authors: Kamit Abdullah , Tseng Ching‐Shiang , Kudo Tetsuhiro , Sugiyama Teruki , Hofkens Johan , Bresolí‐Obach Roger , Masuhara Hiroshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDynamically fluctuating assembly is prepared by trapping microparticles or nanoparticles at an interface. This phenomenon was previously described for 500 nm polystyrene nanoparticles optically trapped at water/glass interface, yielding a single disk‐like assembly, which size is much larger than the focal volume. In this work, we use a dual‐objective lens microscope to study the three‐dimensional shape and dynamics of such disk‐like assembly. The higher resolution of this system together with fast image acquisition (80 fps) rendered novel insights (e.g., particle fluctuation, assembly shape, interparticle distance, and so on), which could not be resolved using a conventional inverted microscope. These new insights will help to unravel the basis of this not yet fully understood “optically evolved phenomena,” which has a large potential in different research fields such as optical trapping, soft matter, and colloidal chemistry.
Influences of the lncRNA TUG1‐miRNA‐34a‐5p network on fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs) dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis through targeting the lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)
Authors: Zhang Mei , Lu Ning , Guo Xiao‐Yun , Li Hong‐Jun , Guo Ying , Lu Lu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and chronic inflammatory disease. The cellular glucose metabolism of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs) of RA has been revealed to be essential to the pathogenesis and development of RA. To date, the precise roles and molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNA TUG1 in RA have not been elucidated.MethodsTUG1 and miR‐34a‐5p were detected by qRT‐PCR. Interactions between lncRNA‐miRNA and miRNA‐mRNA were validated by RNA pull‐down assay and luciferase assay. The glucose metabolism was evaluated by glucose uptake and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay and Annexin V assay.ResultsTUG1 expression was significantly upregulated in synovial fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs) compared with normal FLSs. Functional assays uncovered that silence of TUG1 suppressed FLSs‐RA invasion, migration, glucose metabolism, and increased apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that TUG1 interacted with miR‐34a‐5p. RNA pull‐down assay and luciferase assay validated that TUG1 sponged miR‐34a‐5p in FLSs‐RA. Overexpression of miR‐34a‐5p effectively inhibited glucose metabolism of FLSs‐RA. Furthermore, the glucose metabolism of FLSs‐RA was significantly elevated compared with normal FLSs. The glucose metabolism enzyme, LDHA, was directly targeted by miR‐34a‐5p in FLSs. Rescue experiments validated that the miR‐34a‐5p‐inhibited glucose metabolism of FLSs‐RA was through targeting LDHA. Finally, we showed restoration of miR‐34a‐5p in TUG1‐overexpressing FLSs‐RA successfully overcame the TUG1‐promoted glucose metabolism and apoptosis resistance via targeting LDHA.ConclusionThe present study uncovered critical roles and molecular mechanisms underlying the TUG1‐mediated glucose metabolism and apoptosis of FLSs‐RA through modulating the miR‐34a‐5p‐LDHA pathway in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis.
Application of the presentation–assimilation–discussion class in oral pathology teaching
Authors: Zhai Jiemei , Dai Lin , Peng Canbang , Dong Baocai , Jia Youlin , Yang Chun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe presentation–assimilation–discussion (PAD) class is a novel teaching method in which half the class time is allocated for the instructor's presentation and the other half for student's assimilation and discussion. This study evaluates and compares the teaching outcomes of the PAD class and traditional lecture‐based method in oral pathology courses in School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University.Materials and methodsThe experimental and control groups included 88 undergraduates from Class 2017 and 72 undergraduates from Class 2016, respectively. The PAD method was applied on the experimental group in 2019, whereas the traditional lecture‐based method was applied on the control group in 2018. The two groups’ teaching outcomes were compared using final theory tests, biopsy diagnostic tests, and questionnaires. The Mann–Whitney U‐test and independent‐sample t‐test were adopted for statistical analysis.ResultsIn five multiple‐choice questions examining the same knowledge point from final theory tests, the distribution of the final scores showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). In the biopsy diagnostic tests, the experimental group scored higher than the control group (p < 0.05). In the questionnaires, there was no statistically significant difference for the “enhancing knowledge mastery” item (p > 0.05). However, the experimental group showed significant superiority in the remaining nine items (p < 0.05). [Correction added on August 30, 2021, after first online publication: The data value p was corrected in the last sentence of result section.]ConclusionsCompared with the traditional lecture‐based teaching, the PAD class stimulated a passion for learning among students and results in improved teaching outcomes. Therefore, the application of PAD class in oral pathology teaching should be recommended.
Stem cell-like memory T cells: The generation and application
Authors: Wang Yutong , Qiu Feng , Xu Yifan , Hou Xiaorui , Zhang Zhili , Huang Lei , Wang Huijun , Xing Hui , Wu Sha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStem cell-like memory T cells (Tscm), are a newly defined memory T cell subset with characteristics of long life span, consistent self-renewing, rapid differentiation into effector T cells, and apoptosis resistance. These features indicate that Tscm have great therapeutic or preventive purposes, including being applied in chimeric Ag receptor-engineered T cells, TCR gene-modified T cells, and vaccines. However, the little knowledge about Tscm development restrains their applications. Strength and duration of TCR signaling, cytokines and metabolism in the T cells during activation all influence the Tscm development via regulating transcriptional factors and cell signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the molecular and cellular pathways involving Tscm differentiation, and its clinical application for cancer immunotherapy and prevention.
Evaluating the efficacy of extracted squalene from seed oil in the form of microemulsion for the treatment of COVID‐19: A clinical study
Authors: Ebrahimi Mahmoud , Farhadian Nafiseh , Amiri Ali Reza , Hataminia Fatemeh , Soflaei Sara Saffar , Karimi Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of the nanostructure of squalene in the form of microemulsion on COVID‐19 patients. In this blinded clinical trial, a comparison was made between the efficacy of squalene treatment and controls. A total of 30 COVID‐19 patients admitted to the emergency department, and the infection ward was equally allocated to case (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups according to their age and underlying diseases. The baseline characteristics of subjects, including age, gender, time of treatment onset, underlying condition, white blood cells count, and lymphocyte count were similar (p < 0.05). Baseline laboratory tests and computed tomography (CT) scans were performed for the study groups. The treatment group received 5 mg of intravenous squalene twice a day and standard treatment for 6 days, while controls received only standard treatment. After 6 days of treatment, clinical and CT scan changes were evaluated and compared in intervention and control groups. The need for oxygen therapy (p = 0.020), 2 days of no fever (p = 0.025), cough alleviation (p = 0.010), and lung high‐resolution computed tomography improvement (p = 0.033) were significantly different between cases and controls within 7 days of admission. No adverse effects were observed in the treatment group. Our data suggest that squalene could be considered as a potential treatment for COVID‐19, and further studies are required to confirm the results.
Ultrananocrystalline diamond‐like carbon (UN‐DLC) assembled on epitaxial ZnO film by PLD technique and SIMS Raman Rutherford spectroscopic fingerprint investigation
Authors: Elayaperumal Manikandan , Gnanasekaran Kavitha , Moodley Mathew K. , Mwakikunga Bonex Wakufwa , Gaur Ravinder , Umapathy Siva , Ladchumananandasivam Rasiah , Maaza Malik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanocomposite materials coating opens up tremendous opportunities in the development of commercial products for household to industrial applications. In this present article, we are reporting the formation of 10‐nm carbon (C) layer underneath the 6‐nm ZnO epitaxial thin‐film grown on simple quarts or Si(100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition. As‐obtained nanocrystalline carbon layers between the Si(100) and ZnO and above ZnO epitaxial film were studied by micro‐Raman, secondary ion mass (SIMS), and resonant Rutherford backscattering (RRBS) spectroscopic methods. The carbon diffusivity analysis revealed that the diffusion at nanoscale is governed predominantly by a nonlinear Fick's law rather than the Soret‐Ludwig law. Quantum diffusion dominates the classical diffusion and carbon diffusivity into ZnO layer and was found to be ~7.8 × 10−12 cm2 s−1. This diffusion explains the doping profiles of ZnO layer up to its surface where carbon packing suggests presence of ultrananocrystalline‐diamond‐like‐carbon (UN‐DLC) thin films revealed by Raman spectroscopy.
Comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed the differential accumulation of secondary metabolites during the ripening process of acerola cherry (Malpighia emarginata) fruit
Authors: Xu Mingfeng , Shen Chenjia , Zhu Qin , Xu Yunsheng , Xue Changfeng , Zhu Beiwei , Hu Jiangning 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcerola cherry is a famous functional fruit containing plentiful antioxidants and other nutrients. However, studies on the variations among nutrients during the ripening process of acerola fruit are scare.RESULTSComparative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed and identified 31 331 unigenes and 1896 annotated metabolite features in acerola cherry fruit. K Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that several antioxidant and nutrient‐related metabolic pathways, such as the flavonoids, vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, and fatty acids metabolic pathways, were significantly changed during the ripening process. The metabolites related to the vitamin, carotenoid, and fatty acid metabolic pathways were downregulated during the ripening process. Several flavonoid biosynthesis‐related genes (including dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase, chalcone synthase, flavanone 3‐hydroxylase, and anthocyanidin synthase), were significantly upregulated, suggesting their essential functions in the accumulation of flavonoids in mature fruit.CONCLUSIONMost of the vitamin and carotenoid metabolism‐related metabolites significantly accumulated in immature fruit, suggesting that immature acerola fruit is a good material for the extraction of vitamins and carotenoids. For macronutrients, most of the amino acids accumulated in mature fruit and most of the fatty acids greatly accumulated in immature fruit. Our data revealed the differential accumulation of antioxidants and nutrients during the ripening process of acerola cherry fruit. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of baking technique for rice wine production and the characteristics of baked rice wine
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Tian Rungang , Yang Huanyi , Shen Chi , Han Xueyuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDriven by the requirement to reduce the emission of wastewater in the brewing process, it is necessary to improve and innovate the fermentation technology of Chinese rice wine. In this study, the baking technique used to brew rice wine was explored.RESULTSRice wine was brewed based on baked glutinous rice undergoing different high‐temperature stages, designated as baked rice wine (BRW1, BRW2 and BRW3). X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that baking treatment under 110 °C 0.5 h + 170 °C 30 min relatively changed the crystal properties and short‐range molecular order of starch. Compared with the traditional rice wine (RW) from steamed rice, the alcohol content in BRWs was nearly twice that of RW, especially in BRW3. The contents of protein, ascorbic acid and total phenols in BRWs were significantly higher than that in RW. Besides, BRWs presented more abundance in the contents of volatile compounds, free amino acids and certain organic acids, including volatile esters and alcohols and 17 amino acids, which would give rice wine a pleasant aroma and a more comprehensive taste. Furthermore, analysis of the antioxidant capacity indicated a functional difference between RW and BRWs.CONCLUSIONIt was feasible to produce rice wine using baked rice. The baking method allowed for several advantages, including the improvement of alcohol yield, fermentation efficiency, new typicality and stronger antioxidant capacity. This work is expected to provide a foundation for related research. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of the aerosol generating potential of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Chen Darren A. , Lee Mark , Lelli Gary J. , Kacker Ashutosh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe COVID‐19 pandemic gave rise to renewed concerns of the transmission risks posed by surgeries on sites of high viral colonization such as the nasopharynx. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) involves the creation of a new tear duct from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity. The purpose of this project is to determine if endoscopic DCR is an aerosol generating procedure (AGP).MethodsAn optical particle sizer (OPS) was used to intraoperatively quantify aerosol concentrations during four cases of endoscopic DCR. The OPS sampled the air once every 60 seconds throughout the operations. The time of important operative steps were documented and correlated with OPS readings. Particle concentrations during each major surgical step were compared to baseline readings by the Mann Whitney U Test.ResultsThere were statistically significant increases in median particle concentrations during laryngeal mask airway intubations for both particles 0.3 to 5.0 μm and >5.0 μm (P < .001 and P = .023, respectively). Median particle concentrations during nasolacrimal duct probing, middle meatal debridement, drilling, balloon insertion, tube insertion, and Posisef insertion were not statistically different from baseline.ConclusionsEndoscopic DCR in itself does not appear to be an AGP. It is, however, associated with other aerosol generating events such as laryngeal mask intubation, and thus requires appropriate personal protective equipment. Cautious interpretation of the results is encouraged given the limitations of OPS.Level of Evidence4.
Creativity in problem solving to improve complex health outcomes: Insights from hospitals seeking to improve cardiovascular care
Authors: Brewster Amanda L. , Lee Yuna S. H. , Linnander Erika L. , Curry Leslie A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionImproving performance often requires health care teams to employ creativity in problem solving, a key attribute of learning health systems. Despite increasing interest in the role of creativity in health care, empirical evidence documenting how this concept manifests in real‐world contexts remains limited.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study to understand how creativity was fostered during problem solving in 10 hospitals that took part in a 2‐year collaborative to improve cardiovascular care outcomes. We analyzed interviews with 197 hospital team members involved in the collaborative, focusing on work processes or outcomes that participants self‐identified as creative or promoting creativity. We sought to identify recurrent patterns across instances of creativity in problem solving.ResultsParticipants reported examples of creativity at both stages typically identified in problem solving research and practice: uncovering non‐obvious problems and finding novel solutions. Creativity generally involved the assembly of an “ecological view” of the care process, which reflected a more complete understanding of relationships between individual care providers, organizational sub‐units, and their environment. Teams used three prominent behaviors to construct the ecological view: (a) collecting new and diverse information, (b) accepting (rather than dismissing) disruptive information, and (c) employing empathy to understand and share feelings of others.ConclusionsWe anticipate that findings will be useful to researchers and practitioners who wish to understand how creativity can be fostered in problem solving to improve clinical outcomes and foster learning health systems.
Microhardness, compression performance and high‐temperature tribological properties of Ti2AlNb‐silver self‐lubricating composite
Authors: Gao Y. , Zhao S. , Wang W. , Zhou H. , Wang Q. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Ti2AlNb‐based self‐lubricating composite material reinforced with silver particles of 0 wt% to 15 wt% was prepared by spark plasma sintering, and the microhardness, compression performance and high‐temperature tribological properties were investigated. The results show that the silver is distributed in the Ti2AlNb matrix as small islands. The microhardness reaches the maximum at 5 wt% silver content but then decreases sharply. The compressive strength is reduced due to the silver‐rich areas have become the initiation points of cracks, and the softening of silver at high temperatures intensifies the process. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite material at 500 °C are significantly reduced by silver, and the lubrication mechanism is attributed to the synergistic effect of silver and oxides.
Polygenic Risk Scores in a Prospective Parkinson's Disease Cohort
Authors: Sia Ming‐Wei , Foo Jia‐Nee , Saffari Seyed‐Ehsan , Wong Aidan Sheng‐Yong , Khor Chiea‐Chuen , Yuan Jian‐Min , Tan Eng‐King , Koh Woon‐Puay , Tan Louis Chew‐Seng 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundEthnic‐specific genetic risk assessment framework for Parkinson's disease (PD) is lacking for the Asian population.ObjectiveWe investigated the association of a polygenic risk score (PRS) with PD incidence in a population‐based Asian prospective cohort.MethodsGenetic, dietary, and lifestyle information were prospectively collected from 25,646 participants within the Singapore Chinese Health Study cohort. PRS was constructed with Asian‐specific and top genome‐wide association study variants. The association between PRS and PD incidence was evaluated with multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and concordance statistics.ResultsA total of 333 incident cases were identified after a follow‐up period of more than 20 years. Participants with PRS in the top tertile (hazard ratio [HR], 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–2.39) and middle tertile (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00–1.83) are at higher risk of developing PD after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle risk factors, with a shorter time to PD event in a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis (P < 0.001).ConclusionWe identified a PRS that was significantly associated with PD incidence in a prospective Chinese cohort after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Phenotypes and genotypes in non‐consanguineous and consanguineous primary microcephaly: High incidence of epilepsy
Authors: Duerinckx Sarah , Désir Julie , Perazzolo Camille , Badoer Cindy , Jacquemin Valérie , Soblet Julie , Maystadt Isabelle , Tunca Yusuf , Blaumeiser Bettina , Ceulemans Berten , Courtens Winnie , Debray François‐Guillaume , Destree Anne , Devriendt Koenraad , Jansen Anna , Keymolen Kathelijn , Lederer Damien , Loeys Bart , Meuwissen Marije , Moortgat Stéphanie , Mortier Geert , Nassogne Marie‐Cécile , Sekhara Tayeb , Van Coster Rudy , Van Den Ende Jenny , Van der Aa Nathalie , Van Esch Hilde , Vanakker Olivier , Verhelst Helene , Vilain Catheline , Weckhuysen Sarah , Passemard Sandrine , Verloes Alain , Aeby Alec , Deconinck Nicolas , Van Bogaert Patrick , Pirson Isabelle , Abramowicz Marc 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary microcephaly (PM) is defined as a significant reduction in occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) of prenatal onset. Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of PM represents a diagnostic challenge.MethodsWe performed detailed phenotypic and genomic analyses in a large cohort (n = 169) of patients referred for PM and could establish a molecular diagnosis in 38 patients.ResultsPathogenic variants in ASPM and WDR62 were the most frequent causes in non‐consanguineous patients in our cohort. In consanguineous patients, microarray and targeted gene panel analyses reached a diagnostic yield of 67%, which contrasts with a much lower rate in non‐consanguineous patients (9%). Our series includes 11 novel pathogenic variants and we identify novel candidate genes including IGF2BP3 and DNAH2. We confirm the progression of microcephaly over time in affected children. Epilepsy was an important associated feature in our PM cohort, affecting 34% of patients with a molecular confirmation of the PM diagnosis, with various degrees of severity and seizure types.ConclusionOur findings will help to prioritize genomic investigations, accelerate molecular diagnoses, and improve the management of PM patients.
Investigations into Early Larval Feeding Practices for the Tiger Barb Puntigrus tetrazona
Authors: Lipscomb Taylor N. , Durland Donahou Allison , Yanong Roy P. , Boldt Noah C. , DiMaggio Matthew A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Tiger Barb Puntigrus tetrazona is one of the highest trade volume freshwater species in the ornamental fish industry. Culture of larval Tiger Barb is largely dependent on live feeds at first feeding and throughout early life stages, leading to increased cost relative to the use of commercially produced microparticulate diets (MDs). Potential for the successful culture of Tiger Barb by using MDs from first feeding was evaluated here, with a focus on the physiological characteristics that limit digestive capacity in larval cyprinids, as well as the hypothetical benefit of including feed attractants in formulated larval feeds. Comparable growth and survival were achieved for the first 14 d of feeding with one of three MDs when compared to feeding with brine shrimp Artemia spp. Histological preparation revealed evidence for a fully functional pharyngeal jaw structure, including pharyngeal teeth and a pharyngeal pad, from 6 d posthatch, which coincided with first feeding. The masticatory function of these structures likely facilitated the breakdown and subsequent utilization of the relatively complex macronutrients that are characteristic of MDs. Inclusion of top-coated potential attractants (tryptophan, taurine, trimethylglycine betaine, or a mix of the three) with the most successful MD from the original trial failed to induce an increased feeding response, as evidenced by the observation of similar feeding incidence, total larval protein content, and tryptic enzyme activity relative to a negative control MD without added attractants. The results of this research suggest that the successful culture of larval Tiger Barb is possible with the use of commercially available MDs, potentially leading to cost savings and increased resilience of producers in the ornamental aquaculture industry.