bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notch regulates vascular collagen IV basement membrane through modulation of lysyl hydroxylase 3 trafficking
Authors: Gross Stephen J. , Webb Amelia M. , Peterlin Alek D. , Durrant Jessica R. , Judson Rachel J. , Raza Qanber , Kitajewski Jan K. , Kushner Erich J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCollagen type IV (Col IV) is a basement membrane protein associated with early blood vessel morphogenesis and is essential for blood vessel stability. Defects in vascular Col IV deposition are the basis of heritable disorders, such as small vessel disease, marked by cerebral hemorrhage and drastically shorten lifespan. To date, little is known about how endothelial cells regulate the intracellular transport and selective secretion of Col IV in response to angiogenic cues, leaving a void in our understanding of this critical process. Our aim was to identify trafficking pathways that regulate Col IV deposition during angiogenic blood vessel development. We have identified the GTPase Rab10 as a major regulator of Col IV vesicular trafficking during vascular development using both in vitro imaging and biochemistry as well as in vivo models. Knockdown of Rab10 reduced de novo Col IV secretion in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we determined that Rab10 is an indirect mediator of Col IV secretion, partnering with atypical Rab25 to deliver the enzyme lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) to Col IV-containing vesicles staged for secretion. Loss of Rab10 or Rab25 results in depletion of LH3 from Col IV-containing vesicles and rapid lysosomal degradation of Col IV. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Rab10 is Notch responsive, indicating a novel connection between permissive Notch-based vessel maturation programs and vesicle trafficking. Our results illustrate both a new trafficking-based component in the regulated secretion of Col IV and how this vesicle trafficking program interfaces with Notch signaling to fine-tune basement membrane secretion during blood vessel development.
High endothelial venules (HEVs) in immunity, inflammation and cancer
Authors: Blanchard Lucas , Girard Jean-Philippe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized blood vessels mediating lymphocyte trafficking to lymph nodes (LNs) and other secondary lymphoid organs. By supporting high levels of lymphocyte extravasation from the blood, HEVs play an essential role in lymphocyte recirculation and immune surveillance for foreign invaders (bacterial and viral infections) and alterations in the body’s own cells (neoantigens in cancer). The HEV network expands during inflammation in immune-stimulated LNs and is profoundly remodeled in metastatic and tumor-draining LNs. HEV-like blood vessels expressing high levels of the HEV-specific sulfated MECA-79 antigens are induced in non-lymphoid tissues at sites of chronic inflammation in many human inflammatory and allergic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, allergic rhinitis and asthma. Such vessels are believed to contribute to the amplification and maintenance of chronic inflammation. MECA-79+ tumor-associated HEVs (TA-HEVs) are frequently found in human tumors in CD3+ T cell-rich areas or CD20+ B-cell rich tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). TA-HEVs have been proposed to play important roles in lymphocyte entry into tumors, a process essential for successful antitumor immunity and lymphocyte-mediated cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines or adoptive T cell therapy. In this review, we highlight the phenotype and function of HEVs in homeostatic, inflamed and tumor-draining lymph nodes, and those of HEV-like blood vessels in chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the role and regulation of TA-HEVs in human cancer and mouse tumor models.
Effects of phosphorus enrichment on the spatial heterogeneity of stream periphyton under uneven light conditions
Authors: Iannino Alessandra , Vosshage Alexander Tim Ludwig , Weitere Markus , Fink Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpatial variations in light and nutrient availability usually lead to a heterogeneous distribution of periphyton biomass within streams, but the effects of nutrient enrichment on periphyton heterogeneity are still poorly understood. We tested phosphorus enrichment effects on the heterogeneity of periphyton quantity and nutritional quality in an environment with uneven light conditions. Natural periphyton was grown at either high or low P supply in circular running water flumes, each of which was half shaded and half in light. After 3 weeks, periphyton biomass was significantly more heterogeneous at high P than at low P supply, as algal production increased with light only in the P-enriched treatment. However, periphyton C:P ratio was equally homogeneous in both P treatments, despite the light differences within each experimental flume. Although this outcome seems to contrast with the light:nutrient hypothesis, it is likely that high-quantity periphyton patches acquired more P and depleted the available P for the low-quantity patches, leading to an even C:P ratio within each flume. Therefore, in an environment with heterogeneous light availability, nutrient enrichment has the potential to increase the heterogeneity of periphyton quantity without affecting the heterogeneity of periphyton quality, due to periphyton patches not being independent of one another.
The presence of fine sand in the muddy sediments affects habitat selection and accelerates the growth rate of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Limnodrilus claparedianus (Oligochaeta)
Authors: Żbikowski Janusz , Żbikowska Elżbieta , Kobak Jarosław 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAssessment of food conditions for animals is usually based on the quality and quantity of available food, whereas less attention is paid to other factors affecting the processing of ingested food. One of the commonly used mechanisms involving non-digestible objects from the environment is lithophagy (using swallowed stones or sand grains as gastroliths). Therefore, the aim of this laboratory study was to investigate the impact of sand present in muddy bottom sediments on ubiquitous freshwater oligochaetes: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Limnodrilus claparedianus. They belong to the most common tubificid species and, as detritivores, play crucial role in the functioning of water ecosystems. We showed that the presence of sand in the environment has positive effects on oligochaete habitat preferences and growth. They selected the mixture of mud and 60–160 µm sand over pure mud and mud with larger sand fractions. Their growth rate was highest in the sediments with an admixture of this sand fraction, and simultaneously the largest number of sand grains of this size was found in their digestive tracts. In our opinion, the oligochaetes used the sand grains to grind the ingested food, which should accelerate digestion and nutrient assimilation, and stimulate their growth rate.
Contrasting Mind-Wandering, (Dark) Flow, and Affect During Multiline and Single-Line Slot Machine Play
Authors: Kruger Tyler B. , Dixon Mike J. , Graydon Candice , Larche Chanel J. , Stange Madison , Smith Stephen D. , Smilek Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSlot machines are a very popular form of gambling in which a small proportion of gamblers experience gambling-related problems. These players refer to a trance-like state that researchers have labelled ‘dark flow’—a pleasurable, but maladaptive state where players become completely occupied by the game. We assessed 110 gamblers for mindfulness (using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale), gambling problems (using the Problem Gambling Severity Index), depressive symptoms (using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale), and boredom proneness (using the Boredom Proneness Scale). Participants played both a multiline and single-line slot machine simulator and were occasionally interrupted with thought probes to assess whether they were thinking about the game or something else. After playing each game, we retrospectively assessed dark flow and affect during play. Our key results were that the number of “on-game” reports during the multiline game were significantly higher than the single-line game, and that we found significantly greater flow during the multiline game than the single-line game. We also found significantly lower negative affect during the multiline game than the single-line game. Using hierarchical multiple regression, we found that dark flow accounted for unique variance when predicting problem gambling severity (over and above depression, mindfulness, and boredom proneness). These assessments help bolster our previous assertions about escape gambling—if some players are prone to having their mind-wander to negative places, the frequent but unpredictable reinforcement of multiline slot machines may help rein in the wandering mind and prevent minds from unintentionally wandering to negative thoughts.
Saccadic Eye Movement in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Opwonya Julius , Doan Dieu Ni Thi , Kim Seul Gee , Kim Joong Il , Ku Boncho , Kim Soochan , Park Sunju , Kim Jaeuk U. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered the transitional state to AD dementia (ADD) and other types of dementia, whose symptoms are accompanied by altered eye movement. In this work, we reviewed the existing literature and conducted a meta-analysis to extract relevant eye movement parameters that are significantly altered owing to ADD and MCI. We conducted a systematic review of 35 eligible original publications in saccade paradigms and a meta-analysis of 27 articles with specified task conditions, which used mainly gap and overlap conditions in both prosaccade and antisaccade paradigms. The meta-analysis revealed that prosaccade and antisaccade latencies and frequency of antisaccade errors showed significant alterations for both MCI and ADD. First, both prosaccade and antisaccade paradigms differentiated patients with ADD and MCI from controls, however, antisaccade paradigms was more effective than prosaccade paradigms in distinguishing patients from controls. Second, during prosaccade in the gap and overlap conditions, patients with ADD had significantly longer latencies than patients with MCI, and the trend was similar during antisaccade in the gap condition as patients with ADD had significantly more errors than patients with MCI. The anti-effect magnitude was similar between controls and patients, and the magnitude of the latency of the gap effect varied among healthy controls and MCI and ADD subjects, but the effect size of the latency remained large in both patients. These findings suggest that, using gap effect, anti-effect, and specific choices of saccade paradigms and conditions, distinctions could be made between MCI and ADD patients as well as between patients and controls.
Detecting striations via the lateral photovoltage scanning method without screening effect
Authors: Kayser S. , Farrell P. , Rotundo N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe lateral photovoltage scanning method (LPS) detects doping inhomogeneities in semiconductors such as Si, Ge and $${\hbox {Si}_{\hbox {x}}\hbox {Ge}_{1-\hbox {x}}}$$

Si
x

Ge

1
-
x

in a cheap, fast and nondestructive manner. LPS relies on the bulk photovoltaic effect and thus can detect any physical quantity affecting the band profiles of the sample. LPS finite volume simulation using commercial software suffer from long simulation times and convergence instabilities. We present here an open-source finite volume simulation for a 2D Si sample using the simulator. For low injection conditions we show that the LPS voltage is proportional to the doping gradient. For higher injection conditions, we directly show how the LPS voltage and the doping gradient differ and link the physical effect of lower local resolution to the screening effect. Previously, the loss of local resolution was assumed to be only connected to the enlargement of the excess charge carrier distribution.
The relationship between emotional intelligence and quality of life in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder
Authors: Frajo-Apor Beatrice , Pardeller Silvia , Kemmler Georg , Mühlbacher Moritz , Welte Anna-Sophia , Hörtnagl Christine , Derntl Birgit , Hofer Alex 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Social cognitive skills, both psychosocial functioning and well-being of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorder (BD), have consistently been shown to be interrelated. While previous research mainly focused on emotion perception, the present study investigates the impact of the other subdomains of emotion processing on a subjective Quality of Life (QoL) estimate and objective QoL indicators. We hypothesized that patients with better performance in the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) report better QoL; and assumed that SZ and BD patients report comparable subjective QoL, whereas BD patients show higher levels of objective QoL.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with either SZ (n = 63) or BD (n = 60), as well as 80 healthy controls, were included into a cross-sectional study. Emotional Intelligence (EI) and QoL were assessed using the MSCEIT and the German version of the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile.

Results
The two patient groups were comparable with regard to overall EI, as well as subjective and objective QoL, but indicated significantly lower levels of EI and QoL than healthy controls. Whereas EI was not associated with both patient groups’ subjective QoL, a significant correlation of EI with objective QoL was only observed in SZ. However, overall effect sizes were small.

Conclusion
Our findings point to a difference in the interrelation between EI and QoL in patients suffering from SZ and BD, and suggest that they may have different needs to achieve recovery. It will be critical to develop training programs targeting EI in SZ, and to examine their impact on objective QoL in these patients.
Role and activity of jasmonates in plants under in vitro conditions
Authors: Kamińska Monika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractJasmonates (JAs), such as jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, are lipid-derived compounds with signal functions in plant growth and development, as well as in responses to stress. JAs are widely distributed in plants as natural plant growth regulators. JAs do not work independently but work as a part of a complex signaling network with other phytohormones. They are deployed to induce response during wounding and are often used for elicitation and stimulation of secondary metabolites production in different in vitro culture systems. Application of JAs seems to be promising during different steps of the micropropagation system for different species. JAs stimulate proliferation rate of shoots, roots, callus and induce microtubers and bulblets formation. However, negative effects of JAs on the condition of plant tissues are also reported, e.g. leaf senescence, reduced growth and inhibited somatic embryogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the application and properties of jasmonates under in vitro conditions in terms of cell division, explant growth, proliferation ability, storage organ formation and stress response.
Concentration and ROC Curves, Revisited
Authors: Gasparini Mauro , Sacchetto Lidia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work is aimed at illustrating the strict relationship between a general definition of concentration function appeared quite some time ago on this journal and a widely used measure of the diagnostic strength of a family of binary classifiers indexed by a threshold parameter, the so-called ROC curve. The ROC curve is a common work tool in Statistics, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, appearing in many applications where a binary classification (diagnosis) procedure is of interest. Hence, it is worth remarking that diagnostic strength and concentration are two sides of the same coin: the higher the concentration of one probability measure with respect to another, the higher the diagnostic strength of the likelihood ratio classification rule.
Modelling and forecasting mortality improvement rates with random effects
Authors: Renshaw Arthur , Haberman Steven 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA common feature in the modelling and extrapolation of the trends in mortality rates over time, based on fitted parametric structures, has tended to involve the treatment of a structured fitted main effects period component (with possibly a cohort component) as a random effects time series. In this paper, we follow the lead of Haberman and Renshaw (Insurance Math Econ 50:309–333, 2012) and other authors in modelling and forecasting mortality improvement rates over time, rather than mortality rates. In this context, we assume linear parametric structures for mortality improvement rates, and we examine the feasibility of modelling the main period effects (and possibly any cohort effects) as a random effect from the outset. We argue that this leads to a more unified approach to model fitting and extrapolation.
Austrian students’ experiences of supportive relationships with teachers, peers, and parents and the mediating effect of school belonging in the context of their academic and non-academic outcomes
Authors: Hagenauer Gerda , Wallner-Paschon Christina , Kuhn Clara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBased on the assumption that people are driven by an innate need for relatedness, the present study explores the interrelations between students’ perceptions regarding supportive relationships, their sense of belonging at school, and academic and non-academic outcomes. More concretely, we hypothesise that students who experience high teacher support (as indicated by teacher fairness), high emotional support from parents, and low bullying in class exhibit a higher sense of school belonging, which, in turn, is positively related to life satisfaction and achievement and negatively related to school absenteeism. Differences in gender and differences concerning migration background were also explored as well as possible differences in the structural relations across groups. The results of our analysis, which is based on the PISA 2015 dataset for Austrian students, mainly confirm the hypothesised associations and also confirm the function of students’ sense of school belonging as a mediator. Regarding group differences, female students and students without a migration background tended to report higher values regarding perceived supportive relationships and school belonging. However, life satisfaction of female students was lower than that of male students. Overall, the results suggest that supportive relationships between students and their teachers, classmates, and parents should be fostered, as such supportive relationships are directly and indirectly correlated with important student outcomes.
Tractor Ambulance: An Initiative of Emergency Medical Services Response to the Flood of Golestan, Iran in 2019
Authors: Sarani Moslem , Safi-Keykaleh Meysam , Safarpour Hamid , Honarvar Mohammad Reza , Kalteh Ehsan , Jahangiri Katayoun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHeavy rains in March 2019 led to severe floods in large parts of Iran, with severe financial and physical casualties (in the Golestan province, 11 districts were trapped in water). An increase in the EMS missions while serving a big portion of the needed population was a big problem for the health system during the flood; Therefore, a new solution was needed to overcome this problem. Using a farm tractor for transporting the patients and injured people was the first relief experience ever documented in the whole country. In the present report, despite the limitations and challenges, the tractor has been shown to be a proper and effective disaster relief vehicle. This report could help other similar countries face disasters, especially floods.
Pathways to Power in Authoritarian Regimes: Civil Service, Multipartyism and Legislative Selection in Cameroon
Authors: Morse Yonatan L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLegislatures are key institutions that stabilize authoritarian rule. However, less is said about the individuals who populate these institutions or the pathways that take them to power. This is an oversight, since how autocrats recruit reflects upon their institutional capacities and adaptation to changing circumstances. Specifically, recruitment is challenging when regimes lack robust ruling parties to cultivate partisan loyalists and during periods of multiparty elections when candidates must provide a higher degree of self-financing. This article examines these dynamics across the lifespan of Cameroon's authoritarian regime and introduces an original biographical data set of over 900 legislators between 1973 and 2019. The data show there is an increased proportion of businesspeople in the legislature, but also a possible emerging preference for former civil servants. The article argues that civil service recruitment pipelines substitute for the monitoring functions a party might serve, while simultaneously preparing candidates for the unique financing needs of elections.
Dissecting the heterogeneity of posttraumatic stress disorder: differences in polygenic risk, stress exposures, and course of PTSD subtypes
Authors: Campbell-Sills Laura , Sun Xiaoying , Choi Karmel W. , He Feng , Ursano Robert J. , Kessler Ronald C. , Levey Daniel F. , Smoller Jordan W. , Gelernter Joel , Jain Sonia , Stein Murray B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDefinition of disorder subtypes may facilitate precision treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We aimed to identify PTSD subtypes and evaluate their associations with genetic risk factors, types of stress exposures, comorbidity, and course of PTSD.MethodsData came from a prospective study of three U.S. Army Brigade Combat Teams that deployed to Afghanistan in 2012. Soldiers with probable PTSD (PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition ≥31) at three months postdeployment comprised the sample (N = 423) for latent profile analysis using Gaussian mixture modeling and PTSD symptom ratings as indicators. PTSD profiles were compared on polygenic risk scores (derived from external genomewide association study summary statistics), experiences during deployment, comorbidity at three months postdeployment, and persistence of PTSD at nine months postdeployment.ResultsLatent profile analysis revealed profiles characterized by prominent intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal (threat-reactivity profile; n = 129), anhedonia and negative affect (dysphoric profile; n = 195), and high levels of all PTSD symptoms (high-symptom profile; n = 99). The threat-reactivity profile had the most combat exposure and the least comorbidity. The dysphoric profile had the highest polygenic risk for major depression, and more personal life stress and co-occurring major depression than the threat-reactivity profile. The high-symptom profile had the highest rates of concurrent mental disorders and persistence of PTSD.ConclusionsGenetic and trauma-related factors likely contribute to PTSD heterogeneity, which can be parsed into subtypes that differ in symptom expression, comorbidity, and course. Future studies should evaluate whether PTSD typology modifies treatment response and should clarify distinctions between the dysphoric profile and depressive disorders.