bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenous youth transitioning from out-of-home care in Australia: a study of key challenges and effective practice responses
Authors: Mendes Philip , Standfield Rachel , Saunders Bernadette , McCurdy Samone , Walsh Jacinta , Turnbull Lena 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to report on the findings of a qualitative study that explored the views of 53 service providers assisting Indigenous young people (known in Australia as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth) transitioning from out-of-home care (OOHC) in Australia.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach was adopted involving semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 53 representatives of state and territory government departments, non-government organisation service providers and Aboriginal community-controlled organisations (ACCOs) across Australia. The project was designed to gain the perspectives of those working within the system and their views on how it interacts with Indigenous care leavers. Interview questions aimed to ascertain the strengths and weaknesses of the leaving care support systems available to this cohort, as well as the key challenges facing service providers in supporting them. Finally, the study aimed to make recommendations for policy development in this area and identify potential best practice service responses.

Findings
The study found that the OOHC service systems continue to fail Indigenous care leavers, their families and communities. Study findings revealed that Indigenous care-leavers face substantial challenges and that the support systems for those leaving OOHC are often culturally insensitive and ineffective. Many Indigenous OOHC leavers lacked the supports they needed to develop safe and ongoing relationships with their traditional Country, family and communities. To promote more positive transitions and outcomes, effective practice responses were identified, including culturally safe programmes and proportional funding for ACCOs to advance greater self-determination.

Originality/value
This research is the first national study in Australia to examine the specific transition from care pathways and experiences of Indigenous young people. The findings add to the limited existing knowledge on Indigenous care leavers globally and should inform practice and policy innovations with this cohort in Australia and beyond.
Dimensions of cybersecurity performance and crisis response in critical infrastructure organisations: an intellectual capital perspective
Authors: Garcia-Perez Alexeis , Sallos Mark Paul , Tiwasing Pattanapong 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis research addresses the relationships between the current, dynamic organisational cyber risk climate, organisational cybersecurity performance and changes in cybersecurity investments, with an aim to address the hostile epistemic climate for intellectual capital management presented by the dynamics of cybersecurity as a phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachExpanding on the views of digital security and resilience as a knowledge problem, the research looks at cybersecurity as a critical capability within organisations, particularly relevant in critical infrastructure sectors. The problem is studied from the perspective of 400 C-level executives from critical infrastructure sectors across the UK. Data collected at the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a time when critical infrastructure organisations have been under a significant strain due to an increase in cybersecurity incidents, were analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling.FindingsThe research found a significant correlation between the board's perception of a change in their cybersecurity risk climate and patterns of both the development of cybersecurity management capabilities and cybersecurity investments. The authors also found that a positive correlation exists between the efforts placed by critical infrastructure organisations in cybersecurity training and the changes in investment in their cybersecurity, particularly in relation to their intellectual capital development efforts.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that explores the board's perception of cybersecurity in critical infrastructure organisations both from the intellectual capital perspective and in the dynamic cyber risk climate derived from the COVID-19 crisis. The authors’ findings expand on the growing perception of cybersecurity as a knowledge problem, and thus inform future research and practice in the domain of intellectual capital management and its role in supporting the cybersecurity and digital resilience of business and society.
Adaptive leadership of doctors during COVID-19
Authors: Santra Sayoni , Alat Priya 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study aims to examine the adaptive leadership of doctors during COVID-19 to understand the leadership competencies required for adaptive events.Design/methodology/approachPhenomenology-based qualitative design was used. Data were collected from six doctors from the state of Kerala, India using semi-structured interviews.FindingsFive themes were identified. The first theme, core leadership shows that doctors perceive leaders as educators, learners and social beings. The second theme, adaptive challenges, describes the ambiguous pandemic-related challenges that doctors are facing including, unusual occupational demands, information overload, sociocultural issues and personal intricacies. The third theme reflects that for doctors, adaptive work during the pandemic included – new learning to address unique issues, changing perspectives and establishing and maintaining a safe and engaging workplace environment. The fourth theme describes the adaptive leadership competencies such as regulating distress, providing direction, maintaining disciplined action, fostering collaboration, empowering, understanding organizational linkages, strategic vision and communication skills. The fifth theme elucidates the lacunae in leadership training as perceived by the doctors.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings can help in developing and enhancing competency frameworks for doctors’ adaptive leadership.Originality/valueThis is one of the earliest studies to systematically examine components of adaptive leadership for doctors during COVID-19 and identify associated competencies.
The effect of cash versus equity compensation on audit committee decision-making - evidence from the 2007 Deloitte censure
Authors: Behrend Matthew J. , Pitman Marshall K. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effect of cash versus equity compensation on audit committee decision-making after the Public Companies Oversight Board’s 2007 censure of Deloitte.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of 2,588 firms, this paper uses two different compensation measurements to empirically examine the effect of audit committee compensation on decision-making.

Findings
The authors find that audit committee compensation effects the post-censure decision-making of Deloitte’s clients. The results support the hypothesis that cash compensation paid to audit committees influences audit committee members to retain their auditors post-censure. Additionally, there is some evidence to support the hypothesis that equity compensation increases the propensity to switch auditors post-censure.

Practical implications
This study will be of interest to regulators, policymakers and researchers as it provides further evidence in the area of audit committee decision-making and the effect of cash and stock compensation paid to audit committee members.

Originality/value
This study provides empirical evidence of the association between audit committee compensation and audit committee decision-making by investigating the effect of cash-based compensation and stock-based compensation on audit committee decision-making.
Intellectual capital disclosure on Twitter – empirical evidence from the world’s largest companies
Authors: Bryl Łukasz , Fijałkowska Justyna , Hadro Dominika 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) on Twitter by 60 of the world’s largest companies and explains the main themes communicated to stakeholders. The second objective is to determine which topics provoke most stakeholders’ reactions.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors perform content analysis on more than 42,000 tweets to examine ICD practices along with the reactions of stakeholders in the form of retweets and “favorites” toward the information disclosed.

Findings
Intellectual capital (IC) is an important theme in corporate disclosure practices, as more than one-third of the published tweets refer to IC. The world’s largest companies focus on relational capital information, followed by human and structural capital. The main IC themes disclosed were management philosophy, corporate reputation and business partnering. Tweets related to IC are of greater interest to stakeholders than other tweets and provoke more reactions. There is no complete consistency between the topics most intensively disclosed by companies and those that elicit the most vivid responses from the addressees.

Practical implications
This study offers an understanding of the world’s largest companies’ practices that refer to ICD via social media and has implications for organizations in the creation and use of communication channels when developing a dialogue with stakeholders on topics regarding IC that may lead to better management of IC performance.

Originality/value
This paper is a response to the call for studies on ICD via social media, which is strongly highlighted in the recent literature concerning future research on IC and until now was almost absent in the field of business units. This research provides in-depth insights into the use of Twitter to disclose IC elements and indicates which fields and topics of this disclosure provoke stakeholders’ reactions, which is a novelty in ICD studies.
Self-presentation and gender on social media: an exploration of the expression of “authentic selves”
Authors: Kondakciu Klaudia , Souto Melissa , Zayer Linda Tuncay 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
In response to calls for more research on gender(s) in digital contexts, this paper aims to ask, how do individuals engage in self-presentation of their gender identities on social media?

Design/methodology/approach
Using a multi-method qualitative approach, this research explores the narratives of 17 Millennials as they negotiate their online gender expressions with a particular focus on the image-based social platforms, Facebook and Instagram. Specifically, in-depth interviews, a collage technique and visual data from informants’ social media pages were analyzed to identify emergent themes.

Findings
Drawing on the theoretical work of Goffman’s (1971) self-presentation and Butler’s (1999) gender performance, this research highlights a pervading discourse of authenticity or the desire for Millennial social media users to craft and perform a perceived “authentic self” online. This often entails both expressions of gender fluidly and gender policing. Further, four strategies emerge in the data which reveal how individuals negotiate and navigate their gendered self-presentation online, either in an agentic manner or as a protective measure.

Originality/value
While much research exists on online self-presentation, gender(s) has been under-researched in a digital context. Existing studies examine the content of social media pages (e.g. Facebook profiles or women’s Instagram pages) as it relates to gender, but largely do not explore the lived experiences and narratives of individuals as they negotiate their gendered expressions. In addition, the use of visual data through the collage technique adds valuable insight into how gender is experienced and performed. Findings reveal that while Millennials are often touted as a gender-fluid generation, tensions still exist in online gendered expressions.
Pollination biology and reproductive success in four Brazilian species of Gomesa (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae): Specific pollinators, but high pollen loss and low fruit set
Authors: Castro Jonas B. , Perdomo Oscar , Singer Rodrigo B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFour species of Gomesa (Gomesa flexuosa, Gomesa ranifera, Gomesa cornigera, and Gomesa riograndensis), a horticulturally important, albeit scarcely studied orchid genus, were investigated. Pollination biology was studied through fieldwork in Rio Grande do Sul in Southern Brazil during two flowering seasons. Breeding systems were studied through controlled pollinations in cultivated plants. All studied species secrete floral oils through elaiophores and are exclusively pollinated by native, oil‐collecting bees of the Centridini or Tapinotaspidini tribes. Pollinarium reconfiguration after withdrawal, a feature likely promoting cross‐pollination, was recorded in G. cornigera and G. riograndensis. All studied species are pollinator‐dependent and either predominantly or fully self‐incompatible, that is, unable to set fruit following self‐pollination. The used indexes of pollination efficiency consistently scored values below 1, indicating that in all studied species less than one flower is pollinated per pollinarium removed. Accordingly, pollen loss was high, ranging from 40% to 75%. Furthermore, inflorescences in natural populations displayed low fruit sets (below 13%). Gomesa flexuosa presented the highest values of pollinarium removal (36.24%) and deposition (15.34%). Significantly, this is the only studied species bearing a tabula infraestigmatica, a column swelling that bees hold to stabilize themselves while gathering the floral oils. Since pollinators were observed in all studied species spending considerable time (up to 3 min 46 s) and visiting several (up to 19) flowers, we propose that the observed low fruit set is the result of a combination of self‐incompatibility, pollinator‐mediated self‐pollination, and pollen loss.
A Passage to India: Altering Tracks through Paternalistic Welfarism for High Performance in India's Public Sector Rail Undertakings
Authors: Pereira Vijay , Malik Ashish 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance work practices (HPWPs) enacted within public sector undertakings (PSUs) in emerging economies are a relatively underexplored topic. By employing the theoretical lens of social exchange and the ability, motivation and opportunity paradigm, this paper highlights the mediating effects of knowledge sharing on the relationship between employee perceptions of HPWPs and employee and business unit performance. We provide evidence drawn from both manager‐ and employee‐level voices by applying a qualitative case study design to two large Indian PSUs and taking a reverse/inverse approach in order to delineate the commonly understood conceptualizations of HPWPs. Our findings confirm the presence of a combination of high‐commitment, high‐involvement and high‐performance work systems that increase the ability, motivation and opportunity of employees to share knowledge, and thus help achieve positive employee and financial outcomes. We found that our set of HPWPs exhibit a strong paternalistic welfarism ethos. We also discuss the implications of our study for research and practice.
A stratified analysis of a deep learning algorithm in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy in a real‐world study
Authors: Li Na , Ma Mingming , Lai Mengyu , Gu Liping , Kang Mei , Wang Zilong , Jiao Shengyin , Dang Kang , Deng Junxiao , Ding Xiaowei , Zhen Qin , Zhang Aifang , Shen Tingting , Zheng Zhi , Wang Yufan , Peng Yongde 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our research was to prospectively explore the clinical value of a deep learning algorithm (DLA) to detect referable diabetic retinopathy (DR) in different subgroups stratified by types of diabetes, blood pressure, sex, BMI, age, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), diabetes duration, urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at a real‐world diabetes center in China.MethodsA total of 1147 diabetic patients from Shanghai General Hospital were recruited from October 2018 to August 2019. Retinal fundus images were graded by the DLA, and the detection of referable DR (moderate nonproliferative DR or worse) was compared with a reference standard generated by one certified retinal specialist with more than 12 years of experience. The performance of DLA across different subgroups stratified by types of diabetes, blood pressure, sex, BMI, age, HbA1c, diabetes duration, UACR, and eGFR was evaluated.ResultsFor all 1674 gradable images, the area under the receiver operating curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the DLA for referable DR were 0.942 (95% CI, 0.920‐0.964), 85.1% (95% CI, 83.4%‐86.8%), and 95.6% (95% CI, 94.6%‐96.6%), respectively. The DLA showed consistent performance across most subgroups, while it showed superior performance in the subgroups of patients with type 1 diabetes, UACR ≥ 30 mg/g, and eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73m2.ConclusionsThis study showed that the DLA was a reliable alternative method for the detection of referable DR and performed superior in patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy who were prone to DR.
Adaptive capacity to dietary Vitamin B12 levels is maintained by a gene‐diet interaction that ensures optimal life span
Authors: Nair Tripti , Chakraborty Rahul , Singh Praveen , Rahman Sabnam Sahin , Bhaskar Akash Kumar , Sengupta Shantanu , Mukhopadhyay Arnab 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiet regulates complex life‐history traits such as longevity. For optimal lifespan, organisms employ intricate adaptive mechanisms whose molecular underpinnings are less known. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans FLR‐4 kinase prevents lifespan differentials on the bacterial diet having higher Vitamin B12 levels. The flr‐4 mutants are more responsive to the higher B12 levels of Escherichia coli HT115 diet, and consequently, have enhanced flux through the one‐carbon cycle. Mechanistically, a higher level of B12 transcriptionally downregulates the phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase pmt‐2 gene, which modulates phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels. Pmt‐2 downregulation activates cytoprotective gene expression through the p38‐MAPK pathway, leading to increased lifespan only in the mutant. Evidently, preventing bacterial B12 uptake or inhibiting one‐carbon metabolism reverses all the above phenotypes. Conversely, supplementation of B12 to E. coli OP50 or genetically reducing PC levels in the OP50‐fed mutant extends lifespan. Together, we reveal how worms maintain adaptive capacity to diets having varying micronutrient content to ensure a normal lifespan.
Male reproductive system inflammation after healing from coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Morselli Simone , Sebastianelli Arcangelo , Liaci Andrea , Zaccaro Claudia , Pecoraro Alessio , Nicoletti Rossella , Manera Alekseja , Bisegna Claudio , Campi Riccardo , Pollini Simona , Antonelli Alberto , Lagi Filippo , Coppi Marco , Baldi Elisabetta , Marchiani Sara , Nicolò Sabrina , Torcia Maria , Annunziato Francesco , Maggi Mario , Vignozzi Linda , Bartoloni Alessandro , Rossolini Gian Maria , Serni Sergio , Gacci Mauro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence that, after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, male reproductive function and semen quality may be damagedObjectivesTo evaluate a panel of inflammatory mediators in semen in patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019.Material and methodsSexually active men with previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and proven recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Clinical, uro‐andrological data and semen specimens were prospectively collected. For previously hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients, data on serum inflammatory markers were retrospectively collected.ResultsA total of 43 men were enrolled in the study. Of these, 32 men were normozoospermic, three were oligozoospermic, and eight were crypto‐azoospermic. Serum inflammatory markers (procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein) were analyzed in previously hospitalized patients both at admission and at peak of infection. Levels at admission were statistically significantly higher in patients resulting in crypto‐azoospermic with respect to those resulting in normozoospermic (p = 0.05; p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively) after healing. Seminal cytokine levels were similar among all groups. Interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels were significantly negatively related to sperm total number and concentration, whereas interleukin‐4 was correlated with sperm motility.Discussion and conclusionNegative correlations between interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α and sperm number and the overall high levels of semen cytokines indicate a potential detrimental role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 driven inflammation on spermatogenesis. Overall, our results indicate that male patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 deserve accurate follow‐up for their fertility status.
Formation mechanism of the pinholes in brown glazed stoneware from Yaozhou kiln
Authors: Hoo Qianying , Wang Xiaohu , Sun Yue , Hua Qilin , Cao Xuewei , Song Jinhui , Wen Rui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPinhole is a common defect widely seen in many archeological stonewares from different kilns and periods. It is usually a sub‐millimeter pit on the glaze that was believed to be caused by the broken bubbles during the firing process. We investigated the pinholes on a porcelain sherd from Yaozhou kiln of the Song Dynasty (AD 960–1,127), surprisingly, every pinhole corresponds to a flower‐like cluster observed through the microscope. The flower‐like clusters are composed of radial mullite whiskers and ε‐Fe2O3 dendrites, and its growth mechanism were proposed after detailed microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations. The unique chemical composition around the pinholes became the breeding ground for the crystallization of flowers, whereas the crystallization process further facilitates the formation of the pinhole preventing the glaze from restoring smoothness. Our results enriched the knowledge on pinholes and revealed the interesting crystallization assisted formation mechanism, which not only related to bubble rupture but involves the crystallization dynamics as well.
The incidence of symptomatic osteonecrosis is similar between Japanese children and children in Western countries with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with a Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster (BFM)95‐based protocol
Authors: Moriya Kunihiko , Imamura Toshihiko , Katayama Saori , Kaino Akira , Okamoto Kenji , Yokoyama Norihumi , Uemura Suguru , Kitazawa Hironobu , Sekimizu Masahiro , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Usami Ikuya , Ishida Hisashi , Hasegawa Daiichiro , Hama Asahito , Moriya‐Saito Akiko , Sato Atsushi , Sasahara Yoji , Suenobu Souichi , Horibe Keizo , Hara Junichi ,   Japan Association of Childhood Leukemia Study Group (JACLS)
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of Japanese paediatric patients with B‐cell precursor (BCP)‐acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated with a Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster (BFM)95‐based protocol, to clarify the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of osteonecrosis (ON) in comparison to the ALL‐02 protocol. We identified a high frequency of ON with the BFM95‐based protocol compared to the ALL‐02 protocol. The incidence of symptomatic ON with the BFM95‐based protocol is comparable to previous studies in Western countries. We believe that the type of treatment regimen has more impact on the incidence of symptomatic ON in paediatric ALL than ethnicity.