bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elementary school teachers knowledge and attitude towards attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in Gondar, Ethiopia: a multi-institutional study
Authors: Dessie Mekdes , Techane Masresha Asmare , Tesfaye Bizuneh , Gebeyehu Daniel Ayelegne 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
A child suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) faces many difficulties in social as well as academic performances. School teachers’ knowledge and attitude towards ADHD play a vital role in early detection and referral of the child to treatment centers. Few existing reports, however, indicate the alarming rate at which the problem is highly neglected in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study is designed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and factors that affecting elementary school teachers about ADHD.

Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Gondar town and other towns nearby Gondar from February 24 to March 24, 2020. Data were collected through structured self -administered questionnaires using the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorders Scale and ADHD-specific attitudes measurement tools. Then, it was entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariate logistic regressions were fitted to identify factors associated with the knowledge and attitude of elementary school teachers. Variables having a p-value < 0.05 at 95% CI were considered statistically significant.

Result
Of 636 respondents, about 44.8% (95% CI 41.2, 48.4) and 84.1% (95% CI 81.0, 86.8) of elementary school teachers had good knowledge and a favorable attitude towards ADHD, respectively. Having a diploma and above (AOR = 3.028, 95% CI 1.630–5.625), reading ADHD leaflets (AOR = 2.035, 95% CI 1.391, 2.950) and search ADHD on the internet (AOR = 1.793, 95% CI 1.090, 2.950) were significantly associated with teachers knowledge to ADHD; whereas, working experience in teaching a child with ADHD (AOR = 1.852, 95% CI 1.195–2.87) and watching ADHD on mass media (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.056–2.8) were positively predicts teachers attitude towards ADHD.

Conclusion
the proportion of teachers’ knowledge towards ADHD was low; in contrast, their attitude was relatively satisfactory. Strengthening teachers’ educational upgrading system, frequent and fair distribution of leaflets written to address ADHD, installation of an internet system to the schools, and continuous ADHD awareness creation programs through mass media are highly recommended.
ACME dissociation: a versatile cell fixation-dissociation method for single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: García-Castro Helena , Kenny Nathan J. , Iglesias Marta , Álvarez-Campos Patricia , Mason Vincent , Elek Anamaria , Schönauer Anna , Sleight Victoria A. , Neiro Jakke , Aboobaker Aziz , Permanyer Jon , Irimia Manuel , Sebé-Pedrós Arnau , Solana Jordi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSingle-cell sequencing technologies are revolutionizing biology, but they are limited by the need to dissociate live samples. Here, we present ACME (ACetic-MEthanol), a dissociation approach for single-cell transcriptomics that simultaneously fixes cells. ACME-dissociated cells have high RNA integrity, can be cryopreserved multiple times, and are sortable and permeable. As a proof of principle, we provide single-cell transcriptomic data of different species, using both droplet-based and combinatorial barcoding single-cell methods. ACME uses affordable reagents, can be done in most laboratories and even in the field, and thus will accelerate our knowledge of cell types across the tree of life.
Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of pre-pregnancy lifestyle intervention to reduce recurrence of gestational diabetes: Gestational Diabetes Prevention/Prevención de la Diabetes Gestacional
Authors: Phelan Suzanne , Jelalian Elissa , Coustan Donald , Caughey Aaron B. , Castorino Kristin , Hagobian Todd , Muñoz-Christian Karen , Schaffner Andrew , Shields Laurence , Heaney Casey , McHugh Angelica , Wing Rena R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with several maternal complications in pregnancy, including preeclampsia, preterm labor, need for induction of labor, and cesarean delivery as well as increased long-term risks of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Intrauterine exposure to GDM raises the risk for complications in offspring as well, including stillbirth, macrosomia, and birth trauma, and long-term risk of metabolic disease. One of the strongest risk factors for GDM is the occurrence of GDM in a prior pregnancy. Preliminary data from epidemiologic and bariatric surgery studies suggest that reducing body weight before pregnancy can prevent the development of GDM, but no adequately powered trial has tested the effects of a maternal lifestyle intervention before pregnancy to reduce body weight and prevent GDM recurrence.

Methods
The principal aim of the Gestational Diabetes Prevention/Prevención de la Diabetes Gestacional is to determine whether a lifestyle intervention to reduce body weight before pregnancy can reduce GDM recurrence. This two-site trial targets recruitment of 252 women with overweight and obesity who have previous histories of GDM and who plan to have another pregnancy in the next 1–3 years. Women are randomized within site to a comprehensive pre-pregnancy lifestyle intervention to promote weight loss with ongoing treatment until conception or an educational control group. Participants are assessed preconceptionally (at study entry, after 4 months, and at brief quarterly visits until conception), during pregnancy (at 26 weeks’ gestation), and at 6 weeks postpartum. The primary outcome is GDM recurrence, and secondary outcomes include fasting glucose, biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease, prenatal and perinatal complications, and changes over time in weight, diet, physical activity, and psychosocial measures.

Discussion
The Gestational Diabetes Prevention /Prevención de la Diabetes Gestacional is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle intervention delivered before pregnancy to prevent GDM recurrence. If found effective, the proposed lifestyle intervention could lay the groundwork for shifting current treatment practices towards the interconception period and provide evidence-based preconception counseling to optimize reproductive outcomes and prevent GDM and associated health risks.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02763150. Registered on May 5, 2016
Update to the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a mindfulness training programme in schools compared with normal school provision (MYRIAD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors:   The MYRIAD team, Montero-Marin Jesus , Nuthall Elizabeth , Byford Sarah , Crane Catherine , Dalgleish Tim , Ford Tamsin , Ganguli Poushali , Greenberg Mark T. , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Viner Russell M. , Williams J. Mark G. , Kuyken Willem 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
MYRIAD (My Resilience in Adolescence) is a superiority, parallel group, cluster randomised controlled trial designed to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a mindfulness training (MT) programme, compared with normal social and emotional learning (SEL) school provision to enhance mental health, social-emotional-behavioural functioning and well-being in adolescence. The original trial protocol was published in Trials (accessible at 10.1186/s13063-017-1917-4). This included recruitment in two cohorts, enabling the learning from the smaller first cohort to be incorporated in the second cohort. Here we describe final amendments to the study protocol and discuss their underlying rationale.

Methods
Four major changes were introduced into the study protocol: (1) there were changes in eligibility criteria, including a clearer operational definition to assess the degree of SEL implementation in schools, and also new criteria to avoid experimental contamination; (2) the number of schools and pupils that had to be recruited was increased based on what we learned in the first cohort; (3) some changes were made to the secondary outcome measures to improve their validity and ability to measure constructs of interest and to reduce the burden on school staff; and (4) the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) pandemic both influences and makes it difficult to interpret the 2-year follow-up primary endpoint results, so we changed our primary endpoint to 1-year follow-up.

Discussion
These changes to the study protocol were approved by the Trial Management Group, Trial Steering Committee and Data and Ethics Monitoring Committees and improved the enrolment of participants and quality of measures. Furthermore, the change in the primary endpoint will give a more reliable answer to our primary question because it was collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in both cohort 1 and cohort 2. Nevertheless, the longer 2-year follow-up data will still be acquired, although this time-point will be now framed as a second major investigation to answer some new important questions presented by the combination of the pandemic and our study design.

Trial registration
International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials ISRCTN86619085. Registered on 3 June 2016.
Impact and cost-effectiveness evaluation of a community-based rehabilitation intervention on quality of life among Chinese adults with hearing loss: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ye Xin , Zhu Dawei , Chen Siyuan , Shi Xuefeng , Gong Rui , Wang Juncheng , Zuo Huibin , Zhang Mei , He Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Hearing loss is quite prevalent and can be related to people’s quality of life. To our knowledge, there are limited studies assessing the efficacy of hearing interventions on quality of life in adults. Therefore, we aim to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine the impact and cost-effectiveness of community-based hearing rehabilitation on quality of life among Chinese adults with hearing loss.

Methods/design
In this two-arm feasibility study, participants aged 16 and above with some degree of hearing loss (n = 464) will be recruited from Linyi City, Shandong Province. They are randomly assigned to the treatment group or the control group. Those in the treatment group are prescribed with hearing aids, while those in the control group receive no intervention. Reinstruction in use of devices is provided for the treatment group during booster visits held 12 months post-randomization or unscheduled interim visits when necessary. Data are collected at baseline and the follow-up 20 months later. The primary outcome is changes in quality of life over a 20-month study period. Secondary outcomes include sub-dimensions in quality of life, physical functioning, chronic diseases, cognitive function, depression, social support, hospitalizations, falls, and healthcare costs. Finally, we will evaluate whether hearing aids intervention is cost-effective to apply in a large scale.

Discussion
The trial is designed to evaluate the impact and cost-effectiveness of a community-based rehabilitation intervention on quality of life among Chinese adults with hearing loss. We hope that it would help improve the well-being for Chinese adults and provide references in policy and practice for China and other countries.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900024739. Registered on 26 July 2019.
First report of the molecular detection of human pathogen Rickettsia raoultii in ticks from the Republic of Korea
Authors: Tariq Misbah , Seo Jun-Won , Kim Da Young , Panchali Merlin Jayalal Lawrence , Yun Na Ra , Lee You Mi , Kim Choon-Mee , Kim Dong-Min 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Rickettsial diseases associated with the spotted fever group constitute a growing number of newly identified Rickettsia pathogens and their tick vectors in various parts of the world. At least 15 distinct tick species belonging to six genera have shown the presence of Rickettsia raoultii. Herein, we report the detection of R. raoultii in ticks from the Republic of Korea (ROK).

Methods
Thirty-five ticks were collected from 29 patients with tick bites in Gwangju Metropolitan City, Jeollanam Province, ROK. The ticks were identified using molecular, morphological, and taxonomic characteristics. All samples were screened for presence of Rickettsia species using nested polymerase chain reactions of their outer membrane protein (ompA) and citrate synthase (gltA) genes. The amplified products were sequenced for subsequent phylogenetic analyses.

Results
Sequencing data showed the DNA sequences of R. raoultii in three Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. All three tick samples were 99.4–100% similar to previously reported partial sequences of ompA of R. raoultii strains CP019435 and MF002523, which formed a single clade with the reference strains.

Conclusions
We provide the first description and molecular identification of R. raoultii detected in H. longicornis ticks in the ROK. This observation extends the geographical distribution of R. raoultii. Screening of human samples for this pathogen will provide information about the prevalence of rickettsial infections in this region.

Graphical Abstract
Emergence of the invasive Asian bush mosquito, Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus japonicus, in an urban area, Romania
Authors: Horváth Cintia , Cazan Cristina Daniela , Mihalca Andrei Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
A study conducted at the International Airport of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, with the aim of investigating the presence/absence of invasive Aedes mosquito species resulted in finding Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald 1901) eggs in one of the ovitraps placed on site.

Methods
The study was carried out between 30 June and 29 September 2020. On 24 August, 26 eggs were collected and later hatched at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca’s insectary. On 15 October another adult female Ae. japonicus was caught entering a building in the center of the city, about 7 km from the first sampling spot.

Results
The mosquitoes were identified morphologically and confirmed by molecular analysis, based on the genetic analysis of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI).

Conclusion
This is the first report of the species in Romania, highlighting the need for surveillance and implemented control methods. However, in Romania to our knowledge only Aedes albopictus has been established; further studies are required to learn about this new invasive species' status in Romania.

Graphical Abstract
Larval habitat diversity and Anopheles mosquito species distribution in different ecological zones in Ghana
Authors: Hinne Isaac A. , Attah Simon K. , Mensah Benedicta A. , Forson Akua O. , Afrane Yaw A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the ecology of larval malaria and lymphatic filariasis mosquitoes in a changing environment is important in developing effective control tools or programmes. This study characterized the breeding habitats ofAnophelesmosquitoes in rural communities in different ecological zones in Ghana during the dry and rainy seasons.MethodsThe spatio-temporal distribution, species composition, and abundance of larvalAnophelesmosquitoes in breeding habitats were studied in five locations in three ecological zones of Ghana. These were Anyakpor (coastal savannah area), Duase (forest area), and Libga, Pagaza, and Kpalsogu (Sahel savannah area). Larvae were collected using standard dippers and were raised in the insectary for identification.ResultsOut of a total of 7984 mosquito larvae collected, 2152 (27.26%) were anophelines and were more abundant in the rainy season (70.82%) than in the dry season (29.18%). The anophelines comprised 2128 (98.88%)An. gambiaes.l., 16 (0.74%)An. rufipes, and 8 (0.37%)An. pharoensis. In the coastal savannah and forest zones, dug-out wells were the most productive habitat during the dry (1.59 larvae/dip and 1.47 larvae/dip) and rainy seasons (11.28 larvae/dip and 2.05 larvae/dip). Swamps and furrows were the most productive habitats in the Sahel savannah zone during the dry (0.25 larvae/dip) and rainy (2.14 larvae/dip) seasons, respectively.Anopheles coluzziiwas the most abundant sibling species in all the ecological zones.Anopheles melasandAn. arabiensiswere encountered only in the coastal savannah and the Sahel savannah areas, respectively. Larval habitat types influenced the presence of larvae as well as larval density (p < 0.001). The land-use type affected the presence ofAnopheleslarvae (p = 0.001), while vegetation cover influenced larval density (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe most productive habitats were dug-out wells in the coastal savannah and forest zones, and furrows from irrigated canals in the Sahel savannah zone.Anopheles coluzziiwas the predominant vector species in all the ecological zones. The abundance ofAnophelesbreeding habitats and larvae were influenced by anthropogenic activities. Encouraging people whose activities create the larval habitats to become involved in larval source management such as habitat manipulation to stop mosquito breeding will be important for malaria and lymphatic filariasis control.
Three-dimensional preoperative planning in the weight-bearing state: validation and clinical evaluation
Authors: Roth Tabitha , Carrillo Fabio , Wieczorek Matthias , Ceschi Giulia , Esfandiari Hooman , Sutter Reto , Vlachopoulos Lazaros , Wein Wolfgang , Fucentese Sandro F. , Fürnstahl Philipp 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectives3D preoperative planning of lower limb osteotomies has become increasingly important in light of modern surgical technologies. However, 3D models are usually reconstructed from Computed Tomography data acquired in a non-weight-bearing posture and thus neglecting the positional variations introduced by weight-bearing. We developed a registration and planning pipeline that allows for 3D preoperative planning and subsequent 3D assessment of anatomical deformities in weight-bearing conditions.MethodsAn intensity-based algorithm was used to register CT scans with long-leg standing radiographs and subsequently transform patient-specific 3D models into a weight-bearing state. 3D measurement methods for the mechanical axis as well as the joint line convergence angle were developed. The pipeline was validated using a leg phantom. Furthermore, we evaluated our methods clinically by applying it to the radiological data from 59 patients.ResultsThe registration accuracy was evaluated in 3D and showed a maximum translational and rotational error of 1.1 mm (mediolateral direction) and 1.2° (superior-inferior axis). Clinical evaluation proved feasibility on real patient data and resulted in significant differences for 3D measurements when the effects of weight-bearing were considered. Mean differences were 2.1 ± 1.7° and 2.0 ± 1.6° for the mechanical axis and the joint line convergence angle, respectively. 37.3 and 40.7% of the patients had differences of 2° or more in the mechanical axis or joint line convergence angle between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing states.ConclusionsOur presented approach provides a clinically feasible approach to preoperatively fuse 2D weight-bearing and 3D non-weight-bearing data in order to optimize the surgical correction.
Computing tight upper bounds for Bhattacharyya parameters of binary polar code kernels with arbitrary dimension
Authors: Zhang Tikui , Li Sensen , Yu Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMulti-kernel polar codes have recently received considerable attention since they can provide more flexible code lengths than do the original ones. The construction process of them can be simplified by obtaining the Bhattacharyya parameter bounds of the kernels employed. However, there has been currently no generic method for seeking such bounds. In this paper, therefore, we focus on the upper Bhattacharyya parameter bounds of the standard binary polar code kernels with an arbitrary dimension of $$l\ge 2$$

l
≥
2

. A calculation process composing of four steps, the common column binary tree construction for the channel inputs, the common factor extraction, the calculation feasibility testing, and the upper bound calculation based on pattern matching, is formulated with a computational complexity of $$O(2^l)$$

O
(

2
l

)

. It is theoretically proved that the upper bounds obtained by the proposed method are tight, which can lay the foundation to compare the reliability of the synthesized channels in polar codes.
Cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access for wireless communication networks by exploiting the EXIT chart analysis
Authors: Elsaraf Zeyad , Ahmed Abbas , Khan Faheem Ahmad , Ahmed Qasim Zeeshan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the next generation of mobile communication networks, unprecedented challenges are required to be met, such as much higher data rates and spectrum efficiency, lower latency, and massive connectivity. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has recently been proposed as a promising technology to achieve much superior spectral efficiency compared to conventional orthogonal multiple access techniques employed in present communication systems. A salient feature of NOMA is its use of successive interference cancellation (SIC) to decode users’ information when multiple users are allowed to transmit in same time/frequency/code domain. In this paper, we aim to exploit an aspect of SIC, namely the availability of other users’ data to realize a cooperative NOMA system. EXtrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts are utilized to examine the performance of proposed system in terms of user fairness while employing IRregular convolutional codes (IRCC)s. The EXIT chart using IRCC evaluates the convergence analysis for the proposed system. Further, to evaluate the system performances in cooperative NOMA system, we have derived the expressions for the achievable rates which are obtained independently and utilized them in evaluating the experimental data for the proposed NOMA model.
Hyponormality of Toeplitz operators with non-harmonic symbols on the Bergman spaces
Authors: Kim Sumin , Lee Jongrak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present some necessary and sufficient conditions for the hyponormality of Toeplitz operator $T_{\varphi }$

T
φ

on the Bergman space $A^{2}(\mathbb{D})$

A
2

(
D
)
with non-harmonic symbols under certain assumptions.
A new fourth-order integrable nonlinear equation: breather, rogue waves, other lump interaction phenomena, and conservation laws
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Alshomrani Ali Saleh , Ullah Malik Zaka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate a new fourth-order integrable nonlinear equation. Firstly, by means of the efficient Hirota bilinear approach, we establish novel types of solutions which include breather, rogue, and three-wave solutions. Secondly, with the aid of Lie symmetry method, we report the invariance properties of the studied equation such as the group of transformations, commutator and adjoint representation tables. A differential substitution is found by nonlinear self-adjointness (NSA) and thereafter the associated conservation laws are established. We show some dynamical characteristics of the obtained solutions through via the 3-dimensional and contour graphs.
Existence and uniqueness of nonlocal boundary conditions for Hilfer–Hadamard-type fractional differential equations
Authors: Salamooni Ahmad Y. A. , Pawar D. D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we use some fixed point theorems in Banach space for studying the existence and uniqueness results for Hilfer–Hadamard-type fractional differential equations$$ {}_{\mathrm{H}}D^{\alpha ,\beta }x(t)+f\bigl(t,x(t)\bigr)=0 $$Dα,βHx(t)+f(t,x(t))=0on the interval$(1,e]$(1,e]with nonlinear boundary conditions$$ x(1+\epsilon )=\sum_{i=1}^{n-2}\nu _{i}x(\zeta _{i}),\qquad {}_{\mathrm{H}}D^{1,1}x(e)= \sum_{i=1}^{n-2} \sigma _{i}\, {}_{\mathrm{H}}D^{1,1}x( \zeta _{i}). $$x(1+ϵ)=∑i=1n−2νix(ζi),HD1,1x(e)=∑i=1n−2σiHD1,1x(ζi).