bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jurodidae (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from Transbaikalia: new findings and redescription of type material
Authors: YAN EVGENY V. , STRELNIKOVA OLESYA D. , PONOMARENKO ALEXANDER G. 
Published: December 2021

Two species of Jurodidae: Jurodes ignoramus and Jurodes minor are redescribed, new characters presented, and characters from original descriptions are phylogenetically reevaluated, justifying a placement of the family within the suborder Archostemata. The new species Jurodes shef sp. nov. from the Lower Cretaceous locality Khasurty (Berriasian-Barremian, Zakamenskiy district, Buryatia Republic, Russia) is described and 2 new specimens of J. ignoramus Ponomarenko, 1985 and 5 additional specimens of J. minor Ponomarenko, 1990 are recorded. Jurodids from Khasurty are morphologically closer to those from Daohugou locality (Middle–Upper Jurassic, Inner Mongolia, China).
Natural recovery in trichotillomania
Authors: Grant Jon E , Chamberlain Samuel R 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Trichotillomania is characterized by repetitive pulling out of one’s hair, leading to distress and/or functional impairment. Long considered a chronic condition if left untreated (albeit with fluctuating intensity), there have been intimations that the disorder may be of limited duration in some people. Methods: A sample of 10,169 adults, aged 18–69 years, representative of the general US population, were recruited and screened for current and lifetime trichotillomania. Potential differences in demographic and clinical variables and lifetime comorbidities, between those with natural recovery from trichotillomania, and those with current trichotillomania, were identified using analysis of variance or likelihood-ratio chi-square tests as appropriate. Additional analyses using binary logistic regression were used to control for potential confounding differences between the groups initially identified. Results: In total, 24.9% of the entire sample of people with lifetime trichotillomania reported that they no longer had symptoms of trichotillomania and had never received therapy or medication treatment for it (i.e. they experienced natural recovery). Those who experienced natural recovery did not differ from those with current trichotillomania in terms of demographic or clinical characteristics, except that they were currently older. Natural recovery was associated with significantly lower rates of related comorbidities: obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, panic disorder, skin picking disorder and tic disorder. Discussion: These findings from the first epidemiology study examining natural recovery in trichotillomania highlight the importance of screening for and treating such comorbidities in patients with trichotillomania, in order to maximize chance of clinical recovery.
Attitudes and beliefs of Tunisian High-School teachers about schizophrenia: The impact of vignette gender
Authors: Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Smaoui Olfa , Jahrami Haitham , Cheour Majda 
Published: December 2021

Background: Teachers have a crucial active role in provision of mental health services to students and fighting against mental health stigma in schools, hence their attitudes and beliefs toward mental illness should be assessed. Method: We carried-out a cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample of 304 higher secondary school teachers. We used a structured questionnaire in which a vignette describing an individual with schizophrenia was presented, and was followed by a series of stigma-related questions. Results: A substantial proportion of teachers endorsed stressful life events (79.6%) as a cause of schizophrenia, elicited feelings of discomfort (41.4%) and incomprehension (41.1%) with the person displaying symptoms of schizophrenia, and agreed that the person’s condition will deteriorate even more (45.4%). Teachers perceived that the person described in the vignette is dependent on others, lacks will, is different from others and is unpredictable in 65.1%, 59.2%, 55.6%, and 49.7% of cases, respectively. In addition, 38.5% and 34.2% of teachers recommended turning to traditional healers and to a Sheikh or an imam of a mosque, respectively. Regarding gender effects, females with schizophrenia were regarded as more likely to be unable to make her own decisions and to be dependent on others than males, and were less likely to be recommended for seeking help from a family physician or to consult a psychiatric hospital than males. Conclusion: In the light of our findings, raising awareness of teachers of the impact of mental health issues on students should be prioritized in high schools in Tunisia.
A Case Report of a Middle Ear Mass Originated From Cartilage-like Tissue Treated With Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery
Authors: Suda Satoshi , Kitamura Mitsuru , Kawaida Miho , Fujioka Masato , Ozawa Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2021

Middle ear tumors are relatively rare, and among them, the diagnoses of middle ear lesions originating from cartilage-like tissue are even rarer. Use of transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) has increased in recent years because of its advantages, such as clear visual field and minimally invasive procedure. Here, we report a middle ear mass originating from cartilage-like tissue treated with TEES. A 62-year-old woman presented with progressive right-sided hearing loss. A white mass was revealed through the tympanic membrane, and pure-tone audiometry detected a mean 50.0 dB conductive hearing loss. Computed tomography showed a mass in the tympanic cavity. TEES was performed for diagnosis and treatment. A white translucent tumor was observed intraoperatively, and it was completely resected. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a mass originating from degenerated cartilage-like tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of a middle ear mass originating from cartilage-like tissue treated with TEES. TEES with its clear visual field and precise techniques was beneficial in treating the middle ear lesions circumscribed in the tympanic cavity.
Metastatic Clear Renal-Cell Carcinoma Mimicking Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Silver Jennifer A. , Roy Catherine F. , Lai Jonathan K. , Caglar Derin , Kost Karen 
Published: December 2021

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid is a rare yet aggressive histopathologic diagnosis, which may often be omitted from the initial clinical differential. This is in part due to the long latency period between the initial renal primary and appearance of metastatic disease, coupled with the diagnostic limitations of fine-needle aspiration biopsies. We herein present an interesting case of a metastatic clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma mimicking an aggressive primary thyroid neoplasm, 10 years after a nephrectomy for a renal primary, highlighting key diagnostic and management considerations.
Comparative Study of ACR TI‐RADS and ATA 2015 for Ultrasound Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Thedinger William , Raman Easwer , Dhingra Jagdish K. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo study the adoption rate of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI‐RADS) scoring system over a 3‐year period in a community setting and compare its performance with that of the American Thyroid Association 2015 (ATA 2015) ultrasound risk scoring system.Study DesignCase series with prospective data collection and retrospective chart review.SettingLarge community‐based practice with multiple satellite offices and a dedicated thyroid ultrasound clinic.MethodsAll patients referred to the thyroid clinic between January 2018 and December 2020 for ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy were assigned an ATA 2015 risk score in a prospective manner immediately prior to biopsy. ACR TI‐RADS scores were recorded through retrospective chart review of the radiologist report. Performance of the 2 systems was compared with cytology as the gold standard.ResultsA total of 949 nodules underwent biopsy, of which 236 had available data for both scoring systems. There was a 33.8% increase in adoption of the ACR TI‐RADS over the 3‐year study period. The ATA 2015 guidelines yielded sensitivity and specificity of 81.6% and 54.5%, respectively, as opposed to 73.7% and 27.0% for the ACR TI‐RADS.ConclusionIn our community, there has been a gradual increase in adoption of the ACR TI‐RADS, although the ATA 2015 risk scoring system has performed better.
OSA Treatment on Cardio‐ and Cerebrovascular Comorbidities: A Long‐term Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Kun‐Lin , Lin Pei‐Wen , Chang Chun‐Tuan , Liu Pi‐Hua , Lin Hsin‐Ching , Friedman Michael , Salapatas Anna M. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the cardio‐ and cerebrovascular outcomes and survival rates of surgical and nonsurgical interventions for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on a national population‐based database.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTaiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.MethodsWe analyzed all cases of OSA among adults (age >20 years and confirmed with ICD‐9‐CM) from January 2001 to December 2013. We compared the patients with OSA who received upper airway surgery with age‐, sex‐, and comorbidity index–matched controls with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. The risk of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke after treatment of OSA‐related surgery versus CPAP was investigated.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 112 and 92 incident cases of MI occurred in the OSA surgery and CPAP treatment groups, respectively (rates of 327 and 298 per 100,000 person‐years). Furthermore, 50 and 39 cases were newly diagnosed with stroke in the OSA surgery and CPAP treatment groups (rates of 144 and 125 per 100,000 person‐years). Cox proportional hazard regressions showed that the OSA treatment groups (OSA surgery vs CPAP) were not significantly related to MI (hazard ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.781‐1.359]; P =. 833) and stroke (hazard ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.736‐1.706]; P =. 596) at follow‐up, after adjustment for sex, age at index date, days from diagnosis to treatment, and comorbidities.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that there was no difference of cardio‐ and cerebrovascular results between CPAP and surgery for patients with OSA in a 13‐year follow‐up.Level of Evidence3.
The effect of pulsatile versus non-pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebral oxygenation: A randomized trial
Authors: Moosaeifar Samira , Mousavizadeh Mostafa , Najafi Ghezeljeh Tahereh , Hosseinian Afshin , Babaee Touraj , Hosseini Saeid , Mestres Carlos – A. 
Published: December 2021

Background The present study aims to compare regional oxygen supply determined by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the course of pulsatile perfusion with non-pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery. Methods In this prospective randomized single-blinded trial, we enrolled adult subjects aged 18–65 years scheduled for elective valvular heart repair/replacement surgery with non-stenotic carotid arteries, employing a consecutive sampling method. Eligible patients were then randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to pulsatile or non-pulsatile perfusion during aortic cross-clamp. The primary outcome was regional cerebral oxygenation monitored by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in each group. Results Seventy patients were randomly assigned, and each group comprised 35 patients. Mean age was 46.8 and 46.5 years in pulsatile and non-pulsatile groups, respectively. There were no significant between-group differences in regional cerebral oxygen saturation at different time points of cardiopulmonary bypass ( p-value for analysis of variance repeated measures: 0.923 and 0.223 for left and right hemispheres, respectively). Moreover, no significant differences in regional cerebral oxygen saturation levels from baseline between pulsatile and non-pulsatile groups at all desired time points for the left ( p = 0.51) and right ( p = 0.22) hemispheres of the brain were detected. Conclusion Pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass does not offer superior regional cerebral oxygenation measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy than non-pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass. Nonetheless, the efficacy of pulsatile flow in the subgroup of patients in whom cerebral blood flow is impaired due to carotid artery stenosis needs to be explored and evaluated by this method in future studies.
Evaluation of response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with intratumoral dendritic cell vaccination using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI and histogram analysis
Authors: Andersson Mats , Jalnefjord Oscar , Montelius Mikael , Rizell Magnus , Sternby Eilard Malin , Ljungberg Maria 
Published: December 2021

Background Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an emerging method with promising results. Immunotherapy can have an antitumor effect without affecting tumor size, calling for functional imaging methods for response evaluation. Purpose To evaluate the response to intratumoral injections with the immune primer ilixadencel in HCCs with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and histogram analysis. Material and Methods A total of 17 patients with advanced HCC were treated with intratumoral injections with ilixadencel on three occasions 2–5 weeks apart. The patients were examined with IVIM before each injection as well as approximately three months after the first injection. Results The 10th percentile of perfusion-related parameter D* decreased significantly after the first and second intratumoral injections of ilixadencel compared to baseline ( P < 0.05). There was a non-significant trend of lower median region of interest f (perfusion fraction) before injection 2 compared to baseline ( P = 0.07). There were significant correlations between the 10th percentile and median of D at baseline and change in tumor size after three months ( r = 0.79, P < 0.01 and r = 0.72, P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion DW-MRI with IVIM and histogram analysis revealed significant reductions of D* early after treatment as well as an association between D at baseline and smaller tumor growth at three months. The lower percentiles (10th and 50th) were found more important. Further research is needed to confirm our preliminary findings of reduced perfusion after ilixadencel vaccinations, suggesting a treatment effect on HCC.
Effect of atorvastatin on serum periostin and blood eosinophils in asthma – a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mehrabi Samrad , Torkan Jalal , Hosseinzadeh Massood 
Published: December 2021

Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on serum periostin level and blood eosinophil count in patients with asthma. Methods Patients diagnosed with asthma were enrolled and randomised into an intervention or placebo group, to receive 40 mg atorvastatin or similar placebo, daily, for 8 weeks. Spirometry was performed at baseline, and at the end of weeks 4 and 8; patients also provided blood samples and completed an asthma control test (ACT) at baseline and at the end of week 8. Primary study outcomes were blood eosinophil count and serum periostin levels. Results Eighty patients completed the study (40 per group). Mean ACT scores were similar between the intervention and placebo groups at baseline (17.95 ± 3.75 versus 17.98 ± 3.77, respectively), and improved in the intervention group (19.88 ± 3.28), but remained unchanged in the placebo group (18.6 ± 3.26) during the treatment period. No statistically significant differences in spirometric changes, blood eosinophil count or serum periostin levels were observed between the groups during the treatment period. Conclusion Spirometric parameters and inflammatory markers did not change significantly in response to atorvastatin treatment, and did not differ between the placebo and intervention groups.
Potential predictive value of plasma heat shock protein 90α in lung cancer
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Tong Xuesong , Liu Bin , Li Zeng , Ding Jing , Li Jiang , Zheng Min , Tian Yuke , Yan Siyou , Huang Meiling , Ge Jun 
Published: December 2021

Objective Heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) is associated with cancer development, progression, and metastasis. This study assessed the relationships of plasma HSP90α levels with treatment efficacy and prognosis in lung cancer. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 231 patients with lung cancer were enrolled from 1 September 2016 to 31 December 2019. HSP90α levels were measured before and after treatment, and their relationships with outcomes were assessed. Results Patients with elevated HSP90α levels before treatment had a better overall response rate (ORR, 44.1% vs. 30.6%), whereas the disease control rate did not differ between patients with elevated and normal HSP90α levels (81% vs. 78.5%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.9 months in patients with elevated baseline HSP90α levels, versus 9 months in patients with normal HSP90α levels, whereas the median overall survival (OS) times in these groups were 12 and 14.1 months, respectively. Concerning HSP90α levels after treatment, ORR (20% vs. 47.1%) and DCR (67.3% vs. 90.9%) were lower in patients with increased HSP90α levels, and PFS and OS were also significantly different between the groups. Conclusions HSP90α levels before and after treatment were associated with treatment response and patient prognosis in lung cancer.
Naturalistic Study on the Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) on Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Goegan Sarah A. , Hasey Gary M. , King Jelena P. , Losier Bruno J. , Bieling Peter J. , McKinnon Margaret C. , McNeely Heather E. 
Published: December 2021

Objective The effectiveness of ECT under naturalistic conditions has not been well-studied. The current study aimed to 1) characterize a naturalistic sample of ECT patients; and 2) examine the long-term outcomes of ECT on depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II; BDI-II) and functional disability symptoms (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0) in this sample. Methods Participants were adults who received ECT for a major depressive episode at an ambulatory ECT clinic between September 2010 and November 2020. Clinical and cognitive assessments were completed at baseline ( n = 100), mid-ECT ( n = 94), 2–4 weeks post-ECT ( n = 64), 6-months post-ECT ( n = 34), and 12-months post-ECT ( n = 19). Results At baseline, participants had severe levels of depressive symptoms (BDI-II: M = 41.0, SD = 9.4), and 62.9% screened positive for multiple psychiatric diagnoses on the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Depressive symptoms ( F(4,49.1) = 49.92, P  < 0.001) and disability symptoms ( F(3,40.72) = 12.30, P  < 0.001) improved significantly following ECT, and this was maintained at 12-months follow-up. Improvement in depressive symptoms trended towards significantly predicting reduction in disability symptoms from baseline to post-ECT, ( F(1,56) = 3.67, P  = 0.061). Although our clinical remission rate of 27% (BDI-II score [Formula: see text] 13 and [Formula: see text] 50% improvement) and overall response rate of 41.3% ([Formula: see text]50% improvement in BDI-II score) were lower than the rates reported in the extant RCT and community ECT literature, 36% of those treated with ECT were lost to follow-up and did not complete post-ECT rating scales. At baseline, remitters had significantly fewer psychiatric comorbidities, lower BDI-II scores, and lower disability symptoms than non-responders ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Participants were severely symptomatic and clinically complex. ECT was effective at reducing depressive symptoms and functional disability in this heterogeneous sample. Although a large amount of missing data may have distorted our calculated response/remission rates, it is also likely that clinical heterogeneity and severity contribute to lower-than-expected remission and response rates to ECT.
Climatic Variation and Society in Medieval South Asia: Unexplored Threads of History and Archaeology of Mandu
Authors: Casile Anne 
Published: December 2021

Instabilities of the monsoon climate system, along with alternating periods of severe dryness and wetness, are known to have punctuated and disrupted the lives of peoples and institutions across Asia during medieval times. As far as India is concerned, the topic has attracted little attention from historians and archaeologists. Did climatic variations play a determining role in societal changes in medieval times? The aim of this article is not to answer, but to raise and refine this question by calling for new interdisciplinary initiatives which would enrich our reading and understanding of the past and contribute different threads to the narratives of medieval history and archaeology. While doing so, it highlights two lingering ‘lacks’ underlying the well-established historiography: the lack of attention to nature, and thus to climate; and the lack of archaeology. Attention is then focused on recent advances in palaeoclimatology and in research linking climate and society, in which India is yet to find a substantial place. Finally, the article outlines prospects and openings for the study of the medieval past as it relates to the climate-water-society nexus, by presenting an ongoing project called MANDU exploring histories and archaeologies of the land-waterscapes of Mandu in Central India.
Retrospective comparison of open vs minimally invasive cystotomy in 28 cats using a composite outcome score
Authors: Buote Nicole J , Hayes Galina , Bisignano Joseph , Rosselli Desiree 
Published: December 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of cats undergoing open cystotomy with those undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for removal of cystic calculi by use of a composite outcome score. Methods Twenty-eight cats were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups: open cystotomy (n = 14) and MIS (n = 14). The primary outcome measure was a composite outcome score, including three variables: pain scores ⩾2 at either 6 or 12 h postoperatively; failure to remove all stones as determined by postoperative radiographs; and postoperative complications requiring a visit to the hospital separate from the planned suture removal appointment. Other data collected included signalment, history, other procedures performed during anesthesia, willingness to eat the day after surgery and the financial cost of the procedures. Results There was no significant difference in age, weight, sex or breed between the two groups. The risk of experiencing the composite outcome was 3/14 (21.4%) in the MIS group and 10/14 (71%) in the open procedure group ( P = 0.02). The cats in the open surgery group had 8.3 times greater odds of developing the composite outcome than cats in the MIS group (odds ratio 8.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3–74.4; P = 0.02). In the MIS group, 10/14 cats were eating the day after surgery vs 3/14 in the open procedure group ( P = 0.02). The procedural cost was higher in the MIS group, with a median cost of US$945 (interquartile range [IQR] US$872–1021) vs US$623 (IQR US$595–679) in the open group ( P <0.01). Conclusions and relevance In this study the composite outcome score provided evidence to support the use of MIS techniques in cats with cystic calculi. The composite outcome score should be considered in future veterinary studies as a promising method of assessing clinically relevant outcomes.