bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Stretchable, Variable Modulus, Shape Memory Multi‐Purpose Low Hysteresis Hydrogel Derived from Solvent‐Induced Dynamic Micelle Sea‐Island Structure
Authors: Li Yanyan , Wang Dingqian , Wen Jie , Liu Jinming , Zhang Dongyue , Li Jianshu , Chu Hetao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of sensors and soft robotics has substantially increased the demand for unique hydrogels with diverse high performance. However, it remains a challenge to prepare a multi‐purpose hydrogel via a facile approach. By virtue of copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and acryloyl Pluronic 127 (PF127‐DA), a novel type of ultra‐stretchable (435–2716%, 10–40 wt%), variable modulus (0.36–112.79 MPa, 30 wt%), tough (1.13–7.17 MJ m−3, 10–40 wt%), low hysteresis (about 10%, 30 wt%), transparent (27.98–83.78%, 10–40 wt%), and shape memory (fixation ratio up to 97%, recovery ratio up to 100%, 10 wt%) hydrogels derived from dynamic micelle sea‐island structure are prepared. The new strategy of using solvent‐induced crystallization of the polyethylene oxide segments of PF127‐DA molecular chain and matrix volume phase transition to achieve variable modulus and shape memory is a purely physical process that can be performed cyclically. Notably, this design reflects the important role of PF127‐DA micelles in optimizing mechanical properties and intelligence. Additionally, PAM/PF127 hydrogels display a high sensitivity toward deformability, elasticity, solvent‐induced shape memory, and variable modulus properties by which it can be used for stress sensors, damping pads, and mechanical bearing. These novel types of hydrogels could be applicable into multifunctional and adaptive platforms.
A Self‐Healing Volume Variation Three‐Dimensional Continuous Bulk Porous Bismuth for Ultrafast Sodium Storage
Authors: Cheng Xiaolong , Shao Ruiwen , Li Dongjun , Yang Hai , Wu Ying , Wang Bin , Sun Chunhao , Jiang Yu , Zhang Qiaobao , Yu Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBismuth (Bi) has attracted considerable attention as promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) owing to its suitable reaction potential and high volumetric capacity density (3750 mA h cm−3). However, the large volumetric expansion during cycling causes severe structural degradation and fast capacity decay. Herein, by rational design, a self‐healing nanostructure 3D continuous bulk porous bismuth (3DPBi) is prepared via facile liquid phase reduction reaction. The 3D interconnected Bi nanoligaments provide unblocked electronic circuits and short ion diffusion path. Meanwhile, the bicontinuous nanoporous network can realize self‐healing the huge volume variation as confirmed by in situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy observations. When used as the anode for NIBs, the 3DPBi delivers unprecedented rate capability (high capacity retention of 95.6% at an ultrahigh current density of 60 A g−1 with respect to 1 A g−1) and long‐cycle life (high capacity of 378 mA h g−1 remained after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1). In addition, the full cell of Na3V2(PO4)3|3DPBi delivers stable cycling performance and high gravimetric energy density (116 Wh kg−1), demonstrating its potential in practical application.
A Complexing Agent to Enable a Wide‐Temperature Range Bromine‐Based Flow Battery for Stationary Energy Storage
Authors: Li Xianjin , Li Tianyu , Xu Pengcheng , Xie Congxin , Zhang Yunhe , Li Xianfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBromine‐based flow batteries (Br‐FBs) are considered one of the most promising energy storage systems due to their features of high energy density and low cost. However, they generally suffer from uncontrolled diffusion of corrosive bromine particularly at high temperatures. That is because the interaction between polybromide anions and the commonly used complexing agent (N–methyl–N–ethyl–pyrrolidinium bromide [MEP]) decreases with increasing temperatures, which causes serious self‐discharge and capacity fade. Herein, a novel bromine complexing agent, 1–ethyl–2–methyl–pyridinium bromide (BCA), is introduced in Br‐FBs to solve the above problems. It is proven that BCA can combine with polybromide anions very well even at a high temperature of 60 °C. Moreover, the BCA contributes to decreasing the electrochemical polarization of Br−/Br2 couple, which in turn improves their power density. As a result, a zinc–bromine flow battery with BCA as the complexing agent can achieve a high energy efficiency of 84% at 40 mA cm−2, even at high temperature of 60 °C and it can stably run for more than 400 cycles without obvious performance decay. This paper provides an effective complexing agent to enable a wide temperature range Br‐FB.
Flexible Magnetoreceptor with Tunable Intrinsic Logic for On‐Skin Touchless Human‐Machine Interfaces
Authors: Makushko Pavlo , Oliveros Mata Eduardo Sergio , Cañón Bermúdez Gilbert Santiago , Hassan Mariam , Laureti Sara , Rinaldi Christian , Fagiani Federico , Barucca Gianni , Schmidt Nataliia , Zabila Yevhen , Kosub Tobias , Illing Rico , Volkov Oleksii , Vladymyrskyi Igor , Fassbender Jürgen , Albrecht Manfred , Varvaro Gaspare , Makarov Denys 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArtificial magnetoception is a new and yet to be explored path for humans to interact with the surroundings. This technology is enabled by thin film magnetic field sensors embedded in a soft and flexible format to constitute magnetosensitive electronic skins (e‐skins). Being limited by the sensitivity to in‐plane magnetic fields, magnetosensitive e‐skins are restricted to basic proximity and angle sensing and are not used as switches or logic elements of interactive wearable electronics. Here, a novel magnetoreceptive platform for on‐skin touchless interactive electronics based on flexible spin valve switches with sensitivity to out‐of‐plane magnetic fields is demonstrated. The technology relies on all‐metal Co/Pd‐based spin valves with a synthetic antiferromagnet possessing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The flexible magnetoreceptors act as logic elements, namely momentary and permanent (latching) switches. The switches maintain their performance even upon bending to a radius of less than 3.5 mm and withstand repetitive bending for hundreds of cycles. Here, flexible switches are integrated in on‐skin interactive electronics and their performance as touchless human‐machine interfaces is demonstrated, which are intuitive to use, energy efficient, and insensitive to external magnetic disturbances. This technology offers qualitatively new functionalities for electronic skins and paves the way towards full‐fledged on‐skin touchless interactive electronics.
Engineering Permanent Porosity into Liquids
Authors: Jie Kecheng , Zhou Yujuan , Ryan Hugh P. , Dai Sheng , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe possibility of engineering well‐defined pores into liquid materials is fascinating from both a conceptual and an applications point of view. Although the concept of porous liquids was proposed in 2007, these materials had remained hypothetical due to the technical challenges associated with their synthesis. Over the past five years, however, reports of the successful construction of porous liquids based on existing porous scaffolds, such as coordination cages, organic cages, metal–organic frameworks, porous carbons, zeolites, and porous polymers, have started to emerge. Here, the focus is on these early reports of porous liquids as prototypes in the field, classified according to the previously defined types of porous liquids. Particular attention will be paid to design strategies and structure–property relationships. Porous liquids have already exhibited promising applications in gas storage, transportation, and chemical separations. Thus, they show great potential for use in the chemical industry. The challenges of preparation, scale‐up, volatility, thermal and chemical stability, and competition with porous solids will also be discussed.
Synergistic Effect of Cu,F‐Codoping of Titanium Dioxide for Multifunctional Catalytic and Photocatalytic Studies
Authors: Díaz‐Sánchez Miguel , Murgu Roxana Nicoleta , Díaz‐García Diana , Méndez‐Arriaga José M. , Prashar Sanjiv , Urbán Béla , Pinkas Jiří , Lamač Martin , Horáček Michal , Gómez‐Ruiz Santiago 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanomaterials with improved catalytic and photocatalytic properties through codoping with copper and fluorine are synthesized and contain optimal textural and compositional properties, which are not possible without doping or with a single doping of Cu or F separately. The codoped systems promote the generation of a synergistic effect increasing activity of the systems in photocatalytic processes of both potential environmental or energy interest. The photocatalysts show very effective degradations of industrial and emerging contaminants such as ciprofloxacin (80% degradation) and naproxen (72% degradation) using UV light (300 W) in short periods of up to 15 min. An additional doping of the Cu,F‐containing nanomaterials with palladium nanoparticles, makes the systems active as heterogeneous catalysts in Suzuki–Miyaura C–C coupling reactions. Interestingly, the Cu,F‐containing systems do not need the doping of Pd to be active in C–C coupling showing good conversions and modest yields of biphenyl derivatives. Finally, Pd‐doped systems are also successfully tested in the energy‐related process of the photocatalytic dehalogenation‐hydrogenation of different substrates, making these systems attractive for their potential future application in the dehalogenation of plastic or biomass wastes and for the preparation of solid or liquid fuels for cleaner energy generation.
Fully Active Nitrogen Energetic Chains Mg2(N5)2N2[Mg2(N5)2N2]n under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Gao Yang , Wang Rui , Lei Jiehong , Zhu Yu , Li Danhui , Zhang Lei , Xie Weiyu , Wang Zhigang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPentazolate anion (cyclo‐N5−) is a high energy density unit that has been synthesized. However, how to make cyclo‐N5− complexes stable under ambient condition, without the presence of nonenergetic components, such as H3O+ and NH4+, has always been a challenge. In this work, a fully active nitrogen energetic chain Mg2(N5)2N2[Mg2(N5)2N2]n (denoted as ANECn, n ≥ 1) is reported, which has high nitrogen content up to 78%. More importantly, first‐principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations confirm the stability of this structure without external supports. Further electronic structure analysis indicates that the charge transfer from Mg to cyclo‐N5− leads to strong covalent bonds, which promotes the stability of cyclo‐N5− in the chain structures. This finding can contribute to rational design and synthesis of novel high‐energy density materials.
Nanofiber Channel Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Low‐Power Neuromorphic Computing and Wide‐Bandwidth Sensing Platforms
Authors: Lee Sol‐Kyu , Cho Young Woon , Lee Jong‐Sung , Jung Young‐Ran , Oh Seung‐Hyun , Sun Jeong‐Yun , Kim SangBum , Joo Young‐Chang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic neuromorphic computing/sensing platforms are a promising concept for local monitoring and processing of biological signals in real time. Neuromorphic devices and sensors with low conductance for low power consumption and high conductance for low‐impedance sensing are desired. However, it has been a struggle to find materials and fabrication methods that satisfy both of these properties simultaneously in a single substrate. Here, nanofiber channels with a self‐formed ion‐blocking layer are fabricated to create organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) that can be tailored to achieve low‐power neuromorphic computing and fast‐response sensing by transferring different amounts of electrospun nanofibers to each device. With their nanofiber architecture, the OECTs exhibit a low switching energy of 113 fJ and operate within a wide bandwidth (cut‐off frequency of 13.5 kHz), opening a new paradigm for energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing/sensing platforms in a biological environment without the leakage of personal information.
N‐Phosphine Imide‐Substituted Imidazolylidenes
Authors: Hoshimoto Yoichi , Nagai Shun , Hinogami Takaya , Hazra Sunit , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA series of novel multifunctional carbenes of the type N‐phosphine imide‐substituted imidazolylidenes (PimIms) has been synthesized and characterized. Substituents including (+)‐10‐camphorsulfonyl and pyroglutamate groups were introduced on the N‐phosphinimidoyl moiety to diversify available structures of isolable carbenes. The impact that the rotation of the N‐phosphinimidoyl groups has on the spatial environment surrounding the carbene carbon atoms was evaluated theoretically. This analysis suggested that the shape as well as the volume of the reaction field around the carbene carbon atoms varies drastically during this rotation.
Additive‐Free Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Spiro Cyclopropanes and Their Transformation into Trifluoromethylated Building Blocks
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Jamali Muhammad Fahad , Thomas Shilpa , Ahamad Shakir , Kant Ruchir , Mohanan Kishor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn efficient additive‐free cyclopropanation of 2‐arylideneindane‐1,3‐dione has been realized employing trifluorodiazoethane. This mild protocol displays good functional group tolerance to deliver trifluoromethylated cyclopropanes in high yields. The synthetic potential of the strategy has been explored by the expedient synthesis of CF3‐containing spiro‐pyrrolines and organo‐sulfur scaffolds. Moreover, this protocol provides an interesting substrate for regioselective Friedel‐Crafts alkylation.
Application of various carboxylic acids modified walnut shell waste as natural filler for epoxy‐based composites
Authors: Isam Bakr Albaker Ruya , Kocaman Suheyla , Marti Mustafa Esen , Ahmetli Gulnare 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, chemically modified walnut shells (WS) were used as the filling material for synthesis of bio‐based epoxy composites and added to the matrix at varied mass ratios (10%–50%). The shells were initially treated with alkali and then modified with three different organic acids (citric acid [CA], oxalic acid [OA], and formic acid [FA]). The WS were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and thermo gravimetric analyzer. The SEM and X‐ray diffraction were employed to observe the morphology of the composites. The influences of acid type and WS percentages on the mechanical, thermal and water sorption properties were investigated. The maximum tensile strength (124.8 MPa) was obtained with CA‐treated shells (CA‐WS) and followed by OA‐treated shells (OA‐WS) (117 MPa) and FA‐treated shells (FA‐WS) (96.5 MPa). Acid modification had a positive effect on Young's modulus as that of epoxy resins increased by 5.45%–50.91%. The treatment did not significantly affect hardness. The optimum amount of modified shells in the composites was found to be 20 wt%. Water sorption values changed in the range of 2.78%–3.42% for composites with 20 wt% WS and observed to increase with the filler amount in the composite. However, this trend and the slight decrease in thermal properties are not critical obstacles for the use of modified WS in the manufacture of inexpensive epoxy‐ and bio‐based eco‐friendly products.
New Insights into the Biological Activity of Lichens: Bioavailable Secondary Metabolites of Umbilicaria decussata as Potential Anticoagulants
Authors: Vaez Mohsen , Javad Davarpanah Seyed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study reports the in vitro anticoagulation activity of acetonic extract (AE) of 42 lichen species and the identification of potential bioavailable anticoagulant compounds from Umbilicaria decussata as a competent anticoagulant lichen species. Lichens’ AEs were evaluated for their anticoagulant activity by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays. A strong, positive correlation was observed between total phenolics concentration (TPC) of species and blood coagulation parameters. U. decussata was the only species with the longest clotting time in both APTT and PT assays. The research was moved forward by performing in vivo assays using rats. The results corroborated the dose‐dependent impact of U. decussata’s AE on rats’ clotting time. Major secondary metabolites of U. decussata and their plasma‐related bioavailability were also investigated using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Atranol, orsellinic acid, D‐mannitol, lecanoric acid, and evernic acid were detected as possible bioavailable anticoagulants of U. decussata. Our findings suggest that U. decussata might be a potential anticoagulant lichen species that can be used for the prevention or treatment of coagulation‐related issues such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
The mediating role of externalising and healthy schema modes in the relationship between early maladaptive schemata and overt behaviours in adolescent boys with offending behaviours, and a comparison of their early schemata with those of typically developing boys
Authors: Schilder Dorien L. C. , van Wijk‐Herbrink Marjolein F. , Groenman Annabeth P. , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based treatments in routine clinical practice often fail to achieve or sustain amelioration of severe behaviour problems in adolescents. Better understanding of mechanisms underlying such severe behaviour problems could improve treatments. Underlying schemata and schema modes may play an important role.AimsTo compare early maladaptive schemata, schema modes and behaviour problems in adolescent boys showing disruptive and offending behaviours with those in typically developing boys. We hypothesised a relationship between disconnection and rejection schemata on the one hand and behaviour problems (including offending) on the other in adolescent boys with disruptive behaviour disorders. We also hypothesised that this offending group would differ significantly from typically developing boys on these measures and that schema modes would mediate relationships between schemata and overt behaviours.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, fifty‐five 12–19‐year‐old boys with disruptive behaviour disorders referred to an in‐ or out‐patient clinic were matched to fifty‐five typically developing boys from a previously generated school sample. Group differences on self‐reported schema related measures and externalising behaviour measures were compared using t‐tests. Mediation analyses were performed to assess the mediating role of schema modes in the relation between schemata and behaviour.ResultsBoys diagnosed with disruptive behaviour disorders and engaging in offending behaviours had higher scores on externalising modes and lower scores on healthy modes than the typically developing boys. There were no differences between these groups, however, in disconnection and rejection schemata. In the offending behaviour group, externalising modes mediated the relationship between disconnection and rejection schemata and externalising behaviours while healthy modes mediated a relationship between these schemata and overt prosocial behaviours.ImplicationsThe potential impact of healthy modes has not previously been shown in studies of schemata in young offenders. Our findings suggest that treatments for adolescents with severe behaviour problems should not only target maladaptive schemata and dysfunctional modes, but seek also to boost healthy modes.
Synthesis and chiral separation of atropisomers of 4,5‐Di methyl ∆4 N‐phenyl N‐aryl imidazoline‐2‐thione derivatives
Authors: Laoufi Aicha , Belboukhari Nasser , Sekkoum Khaled , Aboul-Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSynthesis of three chiral 4,5‐Di methyl ∆4 N‐phenyl N‐aryl imidazole‐2‐thione derivatives was obtained by the condensation reaction of thiourea derivatives with α‐hydroxy ketone. The structure of these compounds has been characterized by using spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR). The 4,5‐Di methyl ∆4 N‐phenyl N‐aryl imidazole‐2‐thiones display a chiral axis around the N‐C bond linking between the nitrogen of the heterocyclic framework and the carbon of the aryl group. Screening on chiral analysis of the atropisomers of these derivatives was performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography method on seven chiral selectors based on polysaccharides consisting of amylose and cellulose, namely, Chiralpak®AD, Chiralcel® OD, Chiralcel® OD‐H, Chiralcel® OJ, Chiralcel® OD‐3R, Chiralcel® OZ‐3, and Chiralpak® AS‐3R. The impact of ortho‐substituent in the resolution of 4,5‐Di methyl ∆4 N‐phenyl N‐aryl imidazole‐2‐thione derivatives was also studied in this work.
Mercury removal from spent low‐level mercury catalyst by thermal treatment
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Jian , Guo Ping , Peng Jinhui , Zhang Libo , Li Yaping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpent low‐level mercury catalyst (SLMC) from the polyvinyl chloride industry is a mercury‐containing hazardous waste. Thermal treatment technology was used to detoxify SLMC and recover mercury in this paper. Effects of flow rate of nitrogen, treatment temperature, and time on mercury removal efficiency were estimated 99.91% of total mercury was removed when SLMC was treated at 600°C for 30 min with 120 L/h of nitrogen. SLMC could be detoxified after being treated at 350°C for 120 min, 400°C for 60 min, or 450°C for 10 min based on the TCLP test. Migration rule of mercury during thermal treatment was analyzed by using improved sequential extraction procedure. Soluble and exchangeable mercury, and mercury combined with labile organics, were removed more easily than HgS and mercury combined with non‐labile organics. Removal process of total mercury followed a first‐order kinetic model. The experimental results may be useful for disposing of SLMC using thermal treatment in engineering practise.
From Polymerization Inhibition to Controlled Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Macromonomers with Tertiary Amine Groups: The Effect of Spacer Chain†
Authors: Zhao Tengda , Zhu Kongying , Yu Xiaoliang , Yuan Xiaoyan , Ren Lixia 
Published: March 2021

Main observation and conclusionRing‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a powerful toolbox in preparation of bottlebrush polymers for its high activity. However, the ROMP of macromonomers with repeating tertiary amine groups, for example, poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA), is inhibited due to the coordination of nitrogen atom with ruthenium center ([Ru]) in the third generation Grubbs catalyst (G3). In this work, norbornenyl functionalized polystyrene‐block‐PDMAEMA (NB‐PS‐b‐PDMAEMA) macromonomers with different length of polystyrene (PS) spacers are prepared. The PS spacers provide non‐coordinating local environment to protect [Ru] in G3 from coordinating with tertiary amine groups. Kinetic studies show that the PS spacer with polymerization degree (DP) of 15 is enough to protect G3, and the polymerization is controlled. However, the PS spacer with DP of 5 is inhibited within 10 min. In situ proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies show that the [Ru] in G3 is active during the ROMP of NB‐PS15‐b‐PDMAEMA39, which is inactive gradually for NB‐PS5‐b‐PDMAEMA42. In comparison, the ROMP of NB‐PDMAEMA macromonomer without spacer chain is inhibited and the G3 catalyst is inactive from the beginning. By introducing non‐coordinating spacer chain with enough length, the ROMP of macromonomers with tertiary amine groups is controlled, which provides a new strategy for the preparation of bottlebrush polymers with functional amine groups.