bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of risk of generalizability biases in adult obesity interventions: A meta‐epidemiological review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Beets Michael W. , von Klinggraeff Lauren , Burkart Sarah , Jones Alexis , Ioannidis John P. A. , Weaver R. Glenn , Okely Anthony D. , Lubans David , van Sluijs Esther , Jago Russell , Turner‐McGrievy Gabrielle , Thrasher James , Li Xiaoming 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBiases introduced in early‐stage studies can lead to inflated early discoveries. The risk of generalizability biases (RGBs) identifies key features of feasibility studies that, when present, lead to reduced impact in a larger trial. This meta‐study examined the influence of RGBs in adult obesity interventions. Behavioral interventions with a published feasibility study and a larger scale trial of the same intervention (e.g., pairs) were identified. Each pair was coded for the presence of RGBs. Quantitative outcomes were extracted. Multilevel meta‐regression models were used to examine the impact of RGBs on the difference in the effect size (ES, standardized mean difference) from pilot to larger scale trial. A total of 114 pairs, representing 230 studies, were identified. Overall, 75% of the pairs had at least one RGB present. The four most prevalent RGBs were duration (33%), delivery agent (30%), implementation support (23%), and target audience (22%) bias. The largest reductions in the ES were observed in pairs where an RGB was present in the pilot and removed in the larger scale trial (average reduction ES −0.41, range −1.06 to 0.01), compared with pairs without an RGB (average reduction ES −0.15, range −0.18 to −0.14). Eliminating RGBs during early‐stage testing may result in improved evidence.
Burden of chronic low back pain: Association with pain severity and prescription medication use in five large European countries
Authors: Perrot Serge , Doane Michael J. , Jaffe Dena H. , Dragon Erika , Abraham Lucy , Viktrup Lars , Bushmakin Andrew G. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Conaghan Philip G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed associations between severity of, and prescription medication use for, chronic low back pain (CLBP) and health‐related quality of life, health status, work productivity, and healthcare resource utilization.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study utilized SF‐12, EQ‐5D‐5L, and work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI) questionnaires, and visits to healthcare providers among adults with self‐reported CLBP participating in the National Health and Wellness Survey in Germany, France, UK, Italy, and Spain. Respondents were stratified into four groups according to pain severity (mild or moderate/severe) and prescription medication use (Rx‐treated or Rx‐untreated). Differences between groups were estimated using generalized linear models controlling for sociodemographics and health characteristics.ResultsOf 2086 respondents with CLBP, 683 had mild pain (276 Rx‐untreated, 407 Rx‐treated) and 1403 had moderate/severe pain (781 Rx‐untreated, 622 Rx‐treated). Respondents with moderate/severe pain had significantly worse health‐related quality of life (SF‐12v2 physical component summary), health status (EQ‐5D‐5L), and both absenteeism and presenteeism compared with those with mild pain, including Rx‐untreated (moderate/severe pain Rx‐untreated vs. mild pain Rx‐untreated, p ≤ 0.05) and Rx‐treated (moderate/severe pain Rx‐treated vs. mild pain Rx‐treated, p ≤ 0.05) groups. Significantly more visits to healthcare providers in the last 6 months were reported for moderate/severe pain compared with mild pain for Rx‐treated (least squares mean 13.01 vs. 10.93, p = 0.012) but not Rx‐untreated (8.72 vs. 7.61, p = 0.072) groups. Health‐related quality of life (SF‐12v2 physical component summary) and health status (EQ‐5D‐5L), as well as absenteeism and presenteeism, were significantly worse, and healthcare utilization was significantly higher, in the moderate/severe pain Rx‐treated group compared with all other groups (all p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionGreater severity of CLBP was associated with worse health‐related quality of life, health status, and absenteeism and presenteeism, irrespective of prescription medication use. Greater severity of CLBP was associated with increased healthcare utilization in prescription medication users.
A meta‐analysis of the interactive effects of UV and drought on plants
Authors: Jansen Marcel A. K. , Ač Alexander , Klem Karel , Urban Otmar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInteractions between climate change and UV penetration in the biosphere are resulting in the exposure of plants to new combinations of UV radiation and drought. In theory, the impacts of combinations of UV and drought may be additive, synergistic or antagonistic. Lack of understanding of the impacts of combined treatments creates substantial uncertainties that hamper predictions of future ecological change. Here, we compiled information from 52 publications and analysed the relative impacts of UV and/or drought. Both UV and drought have substantial negative effects on biomass accumulation, plant height, photosynthesis, leaf area and stomatal conductance and transpiration, while increasing stress‐associated symptoms such as MDA accumulation and reactive‐oxygen‐species content. Contents of proline, flavonoids, antioxidants and anthocyanins, associated with plant acclimation, are upregulated both under enhanced UV and drought. In plants exposed to both UV and drought, increases in plant defense responses are less‐than‐additive, and so are the damage and growth retardation. Less‐than‐additive effects were observed across field, glasshouse and growth‐chamber studies, indicating similar physiological response mechanisms. Induction of a degree of cross‐resistance seems the most likely interpretation of the observed less‐than‐additive responses. The data show that in future climates, the impacts of increases in drought exposure may be lessened by naturally high UV regimes.
Usable and Precise Asymptotics for Generalized Linear Mixed Model Analysis and Design
Authors: Jiang Jiming , Wand Matt P. , Bhaskaran Aishwarya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe derive precise asymptotic results that are directly usable for confidence intervals and Wald hypothesis tests for likelihood-based generalized linear mixed model analysis. The essence of our approach is to derive the exact leading term behaviour of the Fisher information matrix when both the number of groups and number of observations within each group diverge. This leads to asymptotic normality results with simple studentizable forms. Similar analyses result in tractable leading term forms for the determination of approximate locally D-optimal designs.
Pilot study of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality—Group
Authors: Gutierrez Peter M. , Johnson Lora , Podlogar Matthew C. , Hagman Stacy , Muehler Tanner A. , Hanson Jetta , Pierson Jonathan T. , Brown Austin A. , O’Connor Stephen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionFew evidence‐based options exist for outpatient treatment of patients at risk of suicide, and to‐date almost all research has focused on individually delivered psychotherapy. Group therapy for veterans at risk of suicide is a promising alternative.MethodsThirty veterans receiving care at an urban Veterans Affairs Medical Center in the southern United States were randomized to either care as usual (CAU) or to CAU plus the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicide‐Group (CAMS‐G). Veterans were assessed prior to randomization to condition and at 1, 3, and 6 months post‐randomization on a range of suicide‐specific measures, burdensomeness, belonging, treatment satisfaction, and group cohesion.ResultsAcross measures and follow‐up assessments, veterans in CAMS‐G reported good satisfaction with the intervention, a sense of cohesion with other members of the group, and reduced symptom distress. Veterans in both conditions reported decreases in suicidal ideation and behavior, with CAMS‐G participants potentially improving slightly faster.ConclusionThis description of CAMS‐G for veterans adds to the growing literature on suicide‐specific interventions and supports the need for additional research to determine if wide‐spread rollout is justifiable.
Gut microbiota of elite female football players is not altered during an official international tournament
Authors: Oliveira Catarina B. , Marques Cláudia , Abreu Rodrigo , Figueiredo Pedro , Calhau Conceição , Brito João , Sousa Mónica 
Published: November 2021

The current study aimed to investigate if the gut microbiota composition of elite female football players changes during an official international tournament. The study was conducted throughout ten consecutive days, encompassing seven training sessions, and three official matches. The matches were separated by 48–72 h. Seventeen elite female football players from the Portuguese women's national football team participated in the study. Fecal samples were collected at two time points: at the beginning and end of the tournament. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Throughout the study, the duration and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded after training sessions and matches. The internal load was determined by the session RPE. The gut microbiota of players was predominantly composed of bacteria from the phyla Firmicutes (50% of relative abundance) and Bacteroidetes (20%); the genera Faecalibacterium (29%) and Collinsella (16%); the species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (30%) and Collinsella aerofaciens (17%). Overall, no significant changes were observed between time points (p ≥ 0.05). Also, no relationship was found between any exercise parameter and the gut microbiota composition (p ≥ 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the physical and physiological demands of training and matches of an official international tournament did not change the gut microbiota composition of elite female football players. Furthermore, it supports that the gut microbiota of athletes appears resilient to the physical and physiological demands of training and match play.
A genealogy of komunitas: Varieties of social formation and their signification in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Lengauer Dayana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBandung is bustling with the activities of young people organised in komunitas. These social formations display a striking variety in terms of size, coherence, activity, mediatisation, institutional background, internal hierarchies, gender and age composition. Despite this heterogeneity, they capitalise on similar values, like peer solidarity, creativity or friendship. By attending to the formation of specific groups—so called komunitas perdamaian, literally peace communities—I pursue a genealogy of Bandung's komunitas, seeking to uncover the social and discursive evolution of this phenomenon. Drawing on ethnographic data from 1‐year of fieldwork in Bandung, I argue that there are at least four variants of komunitas that became salient in distinct historical moments informing the ways these social formations are signified today: (a) punk/indie collectives that produced the style of the 1998 reform movement; (b) groups of young entrepreneurs that popularised creativity as Bandung's trademark in the 2000s; and (more recently) (c) Islamic proselytisation; and (d) peace movements, both of which epitomise creativity and solidarity, yet on different scales and to different ends.
OTL-PEM: An Optimization-Based Two-Layer Pointwise Ensemble of Surrogate Models
Authors: Pang Yong , Wang Yitang , Sun Wei , Song Xueguan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ensemble of surrogate models is increasingly implemented in practice for its more flexibility and resilience than individual models. The optimization-based two-layer pointwise ensemble of surrogate models (OTL-PEM) is proposed in this paper as a novel pointwise ensemble of surrogate models. The framework of two-layer surrogate models is defined in the OTL-PEM, with data-surrogate models having several types of individual surrogate models fitting the given dataset. In contrast, the weight-surrogate models are modeled based on the cross-validation errors aiming to fit the pointwise weights of several individual surrogate models. To avoid the negative influence of the poor individual surrogate models, the model selection problem is transformed into several optimization problems, which can be solved easily using a sophisticated optimization algorithm to eliminate the globally poor surrogate models. In addition, the optimization space is extracted to reduce the prediction instability caused by weight-surrogate model extrapolation. More than 40 test functions are used to select the appropriate hyperparameters of the OTL-PEM and evaluate the OTL-PEM’s performance. The results show that the OTL-PEM can provide more accurate and robust approximation performance than individual surrogate models and other ensembles of surrogate models.
Sodium and Potassium tert-Butyl Peroxide Hydrates: Crystal Structure and Properties
Authors: Medvedev A. G. , Sharipov M. Yu. , Mikhaylov A. A. , Grishanov D. A. , Churakov A. V. , Prikhodchenko P. V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sodium and potassium tert-butyl peroxide hydrates 2Na+·2C4H9$${\text{O}}_{2}^{ - }$$·7H2O (I) and 2K+· 2C4H9$${\text{O}}_{2}^{ - }$$·4H2O (II) were prepared. According to X-ray diffraction data (CIF files CCDC no. 2081025 (I) and no. 2081024 (II)), the compounds are coordination polymers in which alkali metal atoms have C.N.(Na) of 6 or C.N.(K) of 6 and 8. The crystal packings comprise layers with clearly defined hydrophobic surfaces consisting of hydrocarbon groups and hydrophilic inner areas including water molecules, alkali metal cations, and peroxy groups of the tert-butyl peroxide anions. Compounds were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry.
Time trends in contraceptive prescribing in UK primary care 2000–2018: a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Pasvol Thomas Joshua , Macgregor E Anne , Rait Greta , Horsfall Laura 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundOver the last 20 years, new contraceptive methods became available and incentives to increase contraceptive uptake were introduced. We aimed to describe temporal trends in non-barrier contraceptive prescribing in UK primary care for the period 2000–2018.MethodsA repeated cross-sectional study using patient data from the IQVIA Medical Research Data (IMRD) database. The proportion (95% CI) of women prescribed non-barrier contraception per year was captured.ResultsA total of 2 705 638 women aged 15–49 years were included. Between 2000 and 2018, the proportion of women prescribed combined hormonal contraception (CHC) fell from 26.2% (26.0%–26.3%) to 14.3% (14.2%–14.3%). Prescriptions for progestogen-only pills (POPs) and long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) rose from 4.3% (4.3%–4.4%) to 10.8% (10.7%–10.9%) and 4.2% (4.1%–4.2%) to 6.5% (6.5%–6.6%), respectively. Comparing 2018 data for most deprived versus least deprived areas, women from the most deprived areas were more likely to be prescribed LARC (7.7% (7.5%–7.9%) vs 5.6% (5.4%–5.8%)) while women from the least deprived areas were more likely to be prescribed contraceptive pills (20.8% (21.1%–21.5%) vs 26.2% (26.5%–26.9%)). In 2009, LARC prescriptions increased irrespective of age and social deprivation in line with a pay-for-performance incentive. However, following the incentive's withdrawal in 2014, LARC prescriptions for adolescents aged 15–19 years fell from 6.8% (6.6%–7.0%) in 2013 to 5.6% (5.4%–5.8%) in 2018.ConclusionsCHC prescribing fell by 46% while POP prescribing more than doubled. The type of contraception prescribed was influenced by social deprivation. Withdrawal of a pay-for-performance incentive may have adversely affected adolescent LARC uptake, highlighting the need for further intervention to target this at-risk group.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on hospital presentations and admissions in the context of low community transmission: evidence from time series analysis in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Collyer Taya A , Athanasopoulos George , Srikanth Velandai , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath , Matthews Chris , Mcinnes Nicholas , Menon Shyaman , Dowling Jonathan , Braun Gary , Krivitsky Timur A , Cooper Helen , Andrew Nadine E 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundMelbourne, Australia, successfully halted exponential transmission of COVID-19 via two strict lockdowns during 2020. The impact of such restrictions on healthcare-seeking behaviour is not comprehensively understood, but is of global importance. We explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute, subacute and emergency department (ED) presentations/admissions within a tertiary, metropolitan health service in Melbourne, Australia, over two waves of community transmission (1 March to 20 September 2020).MethodsWe used 4 years of historical data and novel forecasting methods to predict counterfactual hospital activity for 2020, assuming absence of COVID-19. Observed activity was compared with forecasts overall, by age, triage category and for myocardial infarction and stroke. Data were analysed for all patients residing in the health service catchment area presenting between 4 January 2016 and 20 September 2020.ResultsED presentations (n=401 805), acute admissions (n=371 723) and subacute admissions (n=15 676) were analysed. Substantial departures from forecasted presentation levels were observed during both waves in the ED and acute settings, and during the second wave in subacute. Reductions were most marked among those aged >80 and <18 years. Presentations persisted at expected levels for urgent conditions, and ED triage categories 1 and 5, with clear reductions in categories 2–4.ConclusionsOur analyses suggest citizens were willing and able to present with life-threatening conditions during Melbourne’s lockdowns, and that switching to telemedicine did not cause widespread spill-over from primary care into ED. During a pandemic, lockdowns may not inhibit appropriate hospital attendance where rates of infectious disease are low.
Swiss cost-effectiveness analysis of universal screening for Lynch syndrome of patients with colorectal cancer followed by cascade genetic testing of relatives
Authors: Salikhanov Islam , Heinimann Karl , Chappuis Pierre , Buerki Nicole , Graffeo Rossella , Heinzelmann Viola , Rabaglio Manuela , Taborelli Monica , Wieser Simon , Katapodi Maria C. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundWe estimated the cost-effectiveness of universal DNA screening for Lynch syndrome (LS) among newly diagnosed patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) followed by cascade screening of relatives from the Swiss healthcare system perspective.MethodsWe integrated decision trees with Markov models to calculate incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved by screening all patients with CRC (alternative strategy) compared with CRC tumour-based testing followed by DNA sequencing (current strategy).ResultsThe alternative strategy has an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of CHF65 058 compared with the current strategy, which is cost-effective according to Swiss standards. Based on annual incidence of CRC in Switzerland, universal DNA screening correctly identifies all 123 patients with CRC with LS, prevents 17 LS deaths and avoids 19 CRC cases, while the current strategy leads to 32 false negative results and 253 LS cases lost to follow-up. One way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that universal DNA testing is cost-effective in around 80% of scenarios, and that the cost of DNA testing and the number of invited relatives per LS case determine the cost-effectiveness ratio.ConclusionResults can inform policymakers, healthcare providers and insurance companies about the costs and benefits associated with universal screening for LS and cascade genetic testing of relatives.
Informed consent in pragmatic trials: results from a survey of trials published 2014–2019
Authors: Zhang Jennifer Zhe , Nicholls Stuart G , Carroll Kelly , Nix Hayden Peter , Goldstein Cory E , Hey Spencer Phillips , Brehaut Jamie C , McLean Paul C , Weijer Charles , Fergusson Dean A , Taljaard Monica 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo describe reporting of informed consent in pragmatic trials, justifications for waivers of consent and reporting of alternative approaches to standard written consent. To identify factors associated with (1) not reporting and (2) not obtaining consent.MethodsSurvey of primary trial reports, published 2014–2019, identified using an electronic search filter for pragmatic trials implemented in MEDLINE, and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.ResultsAmong 1988 trials, 132 (6.6%) did not include a statement about participant consent, 1691 (85.0%) reported consent had been obtained, 139 (7.0%) reported a waiver and 26 (1.3%) reported consent for one aspect (eg, data collection) but a waiver for another (eg, intervention). Of the 165 trials reporting a waiver, 76 (46.1%) provided a justification. Few (53, 2.9%) explicitly reported use of alternative approaches to consent. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, lower journal impact factor (p=0.001) and cluster randomisation (p<0.0001) were significantly associated with not reporting on consent, while trial recency, cluster randomisation, higher-income country settings, health services research and explicit labelling as pragmatic were significantly associated with not obtaining consent (all p<0.0001).DiscussionNot obtaining consent seems to be increasing and is associated with the use of cluster randomisation and pragmatic aims, but neither cluster randomisation nor pragmatism are currently accepted justifications for waivers of consent. Rather than considering either standard written informed consent or waivers of consent, researchers and research ethics committees could consider alternative consent approaches that may facilitate the conduct of pragmatic trials while preserving patient autonomy and the public’s trust in research.
The potential of family-free rearrangements towards gene orthology inference
Authors: Rubert Diego P. , Doerr Daniel , Braga Marília D. V. 
Published: November 2021

Recently, we proposed an efficient ILP formulation [Rubert DP, Martinez FV, Braga MDV, Natural family-free genomic distance, Algorithms Mol Biol 16:4, 2021] for exactly computing the rearrangement distance of two genomes in a family-free setting. In such a setting, neither prior classification of genes into families, nor further restrictions on the genomes are imposed. Given two genomes, the mentioned ILP computes an optimal matching of the genes taking into account simultaneously local mutations, given by gene similarities, and large-scale genome rearrangements. Here, we explore the potential of using this ILP for inferring groups of orthologs across several species. More precisely, given a set of genomes, our method first computes all pairwise optimal gene matchings, which are then integrated into gene families in the second step. Our approach is implemented into a pipeline incorporating the pre-computation of gene similarities. It can be downloaded from gitlab.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/gi/FFGC. We obtained promising results with experiments on both simulated and real data.