bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can 3D Pseudo‐Continuous Territorial Arterial Spin Labeling Effectively Diagnose Patients With Recanalization of Unilateral Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis?
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Dou Weiqiang , Dong Dong , Wang Xinyi , Chen Xueyu , Chen Kunjian , Mao Huimin , Guo Yu , Zhang Chao 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundUnilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis, as an independent risk factor for stroke, requires an intervention operation for vessel recanalization. Accurate perfusion measurement is thus essential after the operation.PurposeTo explore the feasibility of three‐dimensional (3D) pseudo‐continuous territorial arterial‐spin‐labeling (tASL) in evaluating MCA recanalization.Study TypeProspective and longitudinal.SubjectsForty‐seven patients with unilateral MCA stenosis or occlusion.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T, 3D time‐of‐flight fast‐field‐echo magnetic resonance (MR) angiography sequence, spin‐echo echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted imaging sequence, 3D fast‐spin‐echo pseudo‐continuous ASL (pcASL) and tASL sequences.AssessmentAll patients underwent MR examination before and after MCA recanalization and scored using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at admission and discharge. An mRS score <2 was defined as a good prognosis. 3D‐pcASL and tASL cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps were obtained, and the corresponding Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS)‐based scores were evaluated.Statistical TestsThe Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, intra‐class correlation coefficient, paired t‐test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsAfter recanalization, tASL derived absolute CBFs between the affected and contralateral sides were significantly higher than before the operation (mean: 34.3 ± 8.5 mL/100 g/min vs. 40.6 ± 9.2 mL/100 g/min, 42.6 ± 9.8 mL/100 g/min vs. 43.5 ± 9.9 mL/100 g/min, both P < 0.05). In ROC analysis, tASL provided good prognosis (area under ROC curve [AUC] = 0.829; 95% CI: 0.651–1.000, P < 0.05), while pcASL had lower prognostic value (AUC = 0.760; 95% CI: 0.574–0.946, P < 0.05). The NIHSS score before recanalization, pcASL, and tASL‐based ASPECTS scores were significantly associated with good clinical outcome (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that ASPECTS‐based scores of pcASL and tASL before and after surgery were independent predictors of good clinical outcome (all P < 0.05).Data ConclusiontASL can determine hypoperfusion in the responsible vascular perfusion area and predict clinical outcome.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography for Evaluation of Diaphragm Stiffness in Patients with Stable COPD: A Pilot Trial
Authors: Xu Jing‐Hong , Wu Zhen‐Zhou , Tao Fang‐Yi , Zhu Shu‐Ting , Chen Shun‐Ping , Cai Chang , Liang Zeng‐Hui , Shi Bin‐Bin , Chen Bin , Xie Yu‐Peng 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesSkeletal muscle dysfunction is one of the most common comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The occurrence of respiratory failure in COPD is common and leads to the patient's death. The diaphragm is the most important muscle in the respiratory system and plays a key role in the onset of respiratory failure. This study explores the feasibility of ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) to measure diaphragmatic stiffness and evaluates its changes in COPD patients.MethodsIn total, 77 participants (43 patients with stable COPD and 34 healthy controls) were enrolled. All subjects underwent complete diaphragmatic ultrasound SWE measurements and pulmonary function tests. The diaphragmatic stiffness was indicated via diaphragmatic shear wave velocity (SWV) at functional residual capacity (FRC). A trained operator performed the ultrasound SWE examinations of the first 15 healthy controls thrice to assess the reliability of diaphragmatic SWE.ResultsA good to excellent reliability was found in diaphragmatic SWV at FRC (ICC = 0.93, 95%CI 0.82–0.98). As compared to the control group, the diaphragmatic SWV at FRC was considerably high in the COPD group (median 2.5 m/s versus 2.1 m/s, P = .008). Diaphragmatic SWV at FRC was linked to forced expiratory volume in one second (r = −0.30, P = .009), forced vital capacity (r = −0.33, P = .003), modified Medical Research Council score (r = 0.30, P = .001), and COPD assessment test score (r = 0.48, P < .001).ConclusionsUltrasound SWE may be employed as an effective tool for quantitative evaluation of diaphragm stiffness and can help in personalized management of COPD, such as treatment guidance and follow‐up monitoring.
Wild Turkey Nest Success in Pine‐Dominated Forests of the Southeastern United States
Authors: Crawford Joanne C. , Porter William F. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Collier Bret A. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTNest success is a primary component of productivity for wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo; turkeys) and there is concern that turkey productivity is declining across the southeastern United States. We evaluated the influence of nest site and landscape characteristics on risk of nest failure for turkeys in pine (Pinus spp.)‐dominated forests across the southeastern United States. We used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate daily hazard of nest failure associated with nest site and landscape metrics within 500‐m and 1‐km buffers centered on nests. Of 451 nests monitored (n = 320 females) between 2014 and 2018, 76% failed, with predation as the primary cause. Daily hazard of nest failure increased by 1.2% for each day that females delayed nest incubation following the mean nesting date (29 Apr; βday = 0.010 ± 0.002 [SE]; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.006–1.015). Environmental covariates associated with risk of nest failure included the maximum enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and distance to the nearest ecotone. Daily hazard increased with increasing distance away from an ecotone (βecotone = 0.16 ± 0.06; HR = 1.17, CI = 1.03–1.32) and with lower EVI around the nest (βEVI = −0.30 ± 0.06; HR = 0.74, CI = 0.65–0.83). Additional nest site or landscape covariates were included in competitive models but did not influence risk of nest failure significantly. Our study highlights the importance of considering landscape context when designing and implementing land management actions intended to enhance wild turkey reproduction. Our findings suggest that landscape metrics thought to be important to turkeys in northern agro‐forested landscapes may not be relevant to turkeys in pine ecosystems of the southeastern United States. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Anisotropy Effects in the Shape‐Memory Performance of Polymer Foams
Authors: Sauter Tilman , Kratz Karl , Madbouly Samy , Klein Frank , Heuchel Matthias , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIsotropic and anisotropic shape‐memory polymer foams are prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide foaming from a multiblock copolymer (PDLCL) consisting of poly(ω‐pentadecalactone) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) segments. Analysis by micro‐computed tomography reveals for the anisotropic PDLCL foam cells a high shape anisotropy ratio of R = 1.72 ± 0.62 with a corresponding Young's compression moduli ratio between longitudinal and transversal direction of 4.3. The experimental compression data in the linear elastic range can be well described by the anisotropic open foam model of Gibson and Ashby. A micro‐morphological analysis for single pores using scanning electron microscopy images permits the correlation between the macroscopic stress‐compression behavior and microscale structural changes.
Sex Differences in Huntington's Disease: Evaluating theEnroll‐HDDatabase
Authors: Hentosh Samantha , Zhu Liang , Patino Jorge , Furr J. Weldon , Rocha Natalia P. , Furr Stimming Erin 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIdentifying sex‐related differences is critical for enhancing our understanding of factors that may impact prognosis and advance treatments in Huntington's disease (HD).ObjectivesTo investigate if sex‐related differences exist in clinical HD.MethodsLongitudinal study of the Enroll‐HD database. Manifest HD patients were included in the analysis (N = 8401). Linear mixed models were used to assess motor, behavioral, and cognitive functioning over a series of four annual visits, and compared male and female HD gene carriers.ResultsHD patients showed significant sex‐dependent differences in motor, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms. Both sexes had worsened motor symptoms over the course of four visits, but there was a significant disparity between sexes, with females consistently presenting with more symptoms than males. For behavioral symptoms, specifically depressive symptoms, females had significantly more depressive symptoms, although self‐reported symptoms in both sexes became less severe throughout time.ConclusionsOur analyses suggest that women have worse symptoms than men during the course of HD.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Parkinsonʼs Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moonen Anja J.H. , Mulders Anne E.P. , Defebvre Luc , Duits Annelien , Flinois Bérengère , Köhler Sebastian , Kuijf Mark L. , Leterme Anne‐Claire , Servant Dominique , de Vugt Marjolein , Dujardin Kathy , Leentjens Albert F.G. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnxiety disorders are among the most prevalent and disabling neuropsychiatric syndromes in patients with Parkinsonʼs disease (PD), but no randomized controlled treatment trials of anxiety have been published to date.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of anxiety in patients with PD.MethodsForty‐eight patients with PD with anxiety were randomized 1:1 between CBT and clinical monitoring only (CMO). The CBT program was developed to specifically address anxiety symptoms in PD and consisted of 10 weekly sessions. Assessments were conducted by blinded assessors at baseline, at the end of the intervention, after 3 months, and after 6 months (CBT group only). Main outcome measures were the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and the Parkinson Anxiety Scale (PAS).ResultsBoth the CBT and CMO groups showed clinically relevant improvement. Although there was no between‐group difference in outcome on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (6.7‐point reduction in the CBT group versus 3.9‐point reduction in the CMO group; P = 0.15), there was both a statistically significant and a clinically relevant between‐group difference on the total PAS in favor of CBT (9.9‐point reduction in the CBT group versus 5.2‐point reduction in the CMO group; P = 0.012), which was due to improvement on the PAS subscales for episodic (situational) anxiety and avoidance behavior. This greater improvement was maintained at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups.ConclusionCBT is an effective treatment for anxiety in patients with PD and reduces situational and social anxiety, as well as avoidance behavior. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Looking into the dynamics of molecular crystals of ibuprofen and terephthalic acid using 17O and 2H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses
Authors: Chen Chia‐Hsin , Goldberga Ieva , Gaveau Philippe , Mittelette Sébastien , Špačková Jessica , Mullen Chuck , Petit Ivan , Métro Thomas‐Xavier , Alonso Bruno , Gervais Christel , Laurencin Danielle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOxygen‐17 and deuterium are two quadrupolar nuclei that are of interest for studying the structure and dynamics of materials by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Here, 17O and 2H NMR analyses of crystalline ibuprofen and terephthalic acid are reported. First, improved 17O‐labelling protocols of these molecules are described using mechanochemistry. Then, dynamics occurring around the carboxylic groups of ibuprofen are studied considering variable temperature 17O and 2H NMR data, as well as computational modelling (including molecular dynamics simulations). More specifically, motions related to the concerted double proton jump and the 180° flip of the H‐bonded (–COOH)2 unit in the crystal structure were looked into, and it was found that the merging of the C=O and C–OH 17O resonances at high temperatures cannot be explained by the sole presence of one of these motions. Lastly, preliminary experiments were performed with a 2H–17O diplexer connected to the probe. Such configurations can allow, among others, 2H and 17O NMR spectra to be recorded at different temperatures without needing to tune or to change probe configurations. Overall, this work offers a few leads which could be of use in future studies of other materials using 17O and 2H NMR.
Evaluation of Potential Regulations for Improving Flathead Catfish Size Structure in Iowa’s Large Reservoirs
Authors: Muhlbauer Savannah R. , Krogman Rebecca M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Relatively little research exists for lentic populations of Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris, particularly in northern states, such as Iowa, where there are currently no harvest restrictions but where the interest in trophy opportunities is growing. We assessed size structure, age structure, growth, condition, and survival for Flathead Catfish populations in Lake Red Rock and Rathbun Lake to increase our understanding of populations in Iowa and determine parameter values to be used in simulating potential regulations. Using low-frequency electrofishing, we captured Flathead Catfish during July and August 2019; all fish were measured and weighed, and a pectoral spine was collected for age estimation. Archived data collected in 2010–2013 were also included in analyses. Reducing harvest by using two potential protected slot limits (PSLs; 305–381 and 381–432 mm) or a maximum length limit (no restrictions on fish &lt;381 mm and a reduced bag limit for fish &gt;381 mm) was simulated to determine effects on the percentage of quality- and preferred-size fish. Simulations indicated that both PSLs and the maximum length limit produced a greater percentage of quality- and preferred-size fish than a “no regulation” scenario, with PSLs being more effective at low exploitation (0.05) and the maximum length limit being more effective at higher exploitation rates (&gt;0.10). An understanding of the current status of Flathead Catfish populations will allow managers to better manage these populations via informed decision making and help to protect them as their popularity with anglers increases.
Real‐time daily assessment of work interference on healthcare professionals' restroom use: A pilot study
Authors: Hartigan Siobhan , Finn Michael , Dmochowski Roger , Reynolds W. Stuart 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsCertain occupations may predispose individuals to develop lower urinary tract symptoms presumably through the adoption of unhealthy toileting behaviors. This study aimed to pilot the feasibility of recording healthcare workers' perceptions of daily, work‐related interference with toilet use using a cellular, text‐based survey tool.MethodsA cohort study of adult healthcare professionals completed a baseline questionnaire, a daily survey for fourteen consecutive days regarding their restroom use for the current workday, and a posttest survey providing feedback on study design and participation. Contributors to daily toilet use were analyzed in a linear mixed effects model that allowed for modeling effects within a given day. A backward stepwise regression was performed to assess for the presence of the effect of toilet use among control variables.ResultsIncreased work burden (i.e., increased inconvenience for using the restroom at work) was provisionally found to be associated with fewer voids per day. The number of voids at work was also associated with the number of breaks, urinary urgency, and limiting fluids. Subjects reported that participation in the study was easy, did not interfere with work, and that they would be willing to participate again in a similar study.ConclusionThe utilization of a daily text message survey is a feasible way to study healthcare workers and their toileting behaviors at work. A larger similarly designed study could potentially confirm that limitations to restroom use may result in toileting behaviors that could predispose healthcare workers to develop bothersome urinary symptoms. Further investigation is warranted.
The incidence of asymptomatic thrombosis related to peripherally inserted central catheter in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis People’s
Authors: Chen Pei , Zhu Bingqian , Wan Guangming , Qin Liyuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the incidence and risk factors for asymptomatic peripherally inserted central catheter‐related thrombosis (PICC‐RT).DesignWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis following the PRISMA guidelines.MethodsThe review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020186732). A systematic search of EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane was performed from inception to 4 June 2020. Meta‐analysis was performed to determine the pooled incidence of asymptomatic PICC‐RT.ResultsTen studies comprising 1591 participants with 1592 PICCs were included in this meta‐analysis. The pooled incidence of asymptomatic PICC‐RT in adults was 22% (95% CI, 0.17–0.29). The pooled incidence of PICC‐RT in cancer patients was 19% (95% CI, 0.13–0.26). Asymptomatic PICC‐RT mainly occurred in superficial veins. Most asymptomatic thrombosis occurred 3–12 days after the PICC insertion. A higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score (ECOG), slower blood flow velocity and left basilic vein were independent risk factors of asymptomatic thrombosis.
From dirty to delicacy? Changing exploitation in China threatens the world's largest amphibians
Authors: Turvey Samuel T. , Chen Shu , Tapley Benjamin , Liang Zhiqiang , Wei Gang , Yang Jian , Wang Jie , Wu Minyao , Redbond Jay , Brown Thomas , Cunningham Andrew A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Determining the dynamics and sustainability of human interactions with threatened species is essential to inform evidence‐based conservation, but data can be challenging to collect across large areas and multiple user groups.

Chinese giant salamanders Andrias spp. are critically depleted across China. Wild populations were exploited during the 20th century, and more recently to support a large‐scale farming industry. However, robust data remain largely unavailable on the timing of population declines in relation to changing human pressures, on primary drivers of exploitation, or on the effectiveness of conservation legislation.

We conducted a series of large‐scale interview surveys across the range of giant salamanders in China, targeting potential rural and urban user groups, and stakeholders involved with giant salamander exploitation and policy management (comprising 2,932 rural households, 66 salamander farms, 115 county government officials and 835 urban consumers).

Giant salamander populations were probably declining from at least the 1980s due to exploitation for food, and negative cultural values associated with these animals have not prevented rural consumption. There has been a major escalation in exploitation following the establishment of a large‐scale giant salamander farming industry in the 2000s. Our results demonstrate wide‐scale and largely unregulated illegal hunting to stock farms at a country‐wide scale in order to support demand by urban consumers for high‐prestige rare meat. We estimate there were at least 42,000 wild‐caught breeding adult giant salamanders and 164,000 wild‐caught subadults in farms across China at the time of our survey.

Salamander farming probably poses unsustainable pressure on giant salamander populations. Existing legislation has clearly proved ineffective at preventing the stocking of farms with wild‐caught animals, and our findings highlight an important gap in the effectiveness of China's conservation protection for some of its highest‐priority threatened species. Tackling this problem will likely require multiple coordinated approaches, including enforcement of legislation, increased penalties for removing giant salamanders from the wild, permanent identification of captive‐bred giant salamanders, and consumer‐focused interventions to reduce urban demand.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
QCL Dual‐Comb Spectroscopy Matures for Applications
Authors: Geiser Markus , Horvath Raphael , Hayden Jakob 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDual‐comb spectroscopy is a powerful direct absorption spectroscopy technique and has attracted considerable attention, with high precision spectroscopy applications being the most prominent since the invention of the frequency comb was awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in physics. The application range is continuously broadening and here we review recent advances achieved with quantum cascade laser frequency comb spectrometers in process monitoring and reaction kinetics applications.
Early failure active elimination system research for electromechanical product based on meta‐action
Authors: Li Yulong , Wen Shutao , Liu Shengquan , Zhao Lingyu , Wang Qinghang , Zhang Genbao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFrequent early failures have been the key factor restricting the reliability improvement of electromechanical product, and also reducing its market competitiveness. Most of the current early failure elimination methods are passive elimination technologies after a failure. Their purpose is to quickly restore the production capacity of products, which is mainly used to improve the reliability of the products, and cannot fundamentally improve the quality of the manufactured product. To address those problems, this paper first analyzed the causes of early failures in the production stage of electromechanical product, and studied the corresponding early failure elimination mechanism; second, according to the FRACAS (Failure Report Analysis and Corrective Action System), an early failure elimination method for electromechanical product was proposed based on the meta‐action unit; finally, in order to ensure the smooth implementation of early failure elimination measures, a set of early failure active elimination guarantee management system was established. In addition, this paper also introduced the specific implementation process of the proposed method. The proposed method is applied to engineering, and the results verify its correctness. The proposed method provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the elimination of electromechanical product early failure.