bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bladder wall necrosis and septic peritonitis in two Icelandic mares after parturition and mating
Authors: Weltrich Nina , Barsnick Rosa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis report describes bladder wall necrosis and secondary septic peritonitis in two adult Icelandic mares due to traumatic etiology. Mare 1 was mated naturally a few days prior to presentation, and Mare 2 had foaled one week before admission. Both horses presented with signs of peritonitis due to necrosis of their bladder wall detected on cystoscopy. Treatment included antibiotics, anti‐inflammatories and abdominal lavage. Both cases had a poor outcome. Mare 1 was euthanised due to a small intestinal obstruction caused by abdominal adhesions. Mare 2 initially improved clinically but was euthanised due to subsequent bladder rupture very unexpectedly at five weeks after parturition. Based on this experience, the authors recommend a modified therapy for future cases, and want to point out these very rare cases of bladder wall necrosis to equine practitioners.
Cross-Domain Security Asset Management for Healthcare
Authors: Stirano Federico , Lubrano Francesco , Vitali Giacomo , Bertone Fabrizio , Varavallo Giuseppe , Petrucci Paolo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHealthcare is one of the most peculiar between all Critical Infrastructures due to its context and role in the society. The characteristics of openness and pervasive usage of IT systems and connected devices make it particularly exposed to both physical threats, such as theft and unauthorized access to restricted areas, and cyber attacks, like the notorious wannacry ransomware that abruptly disrupted the British National Health System in May 2017. Even the recent COVID-19 pandemic period has been negatively characterized by an increase of both physical and cyber incidents that specifically targeted hospitals and undermined an essential public service like healthcare. Effective security solutions are necessary in order to protect and enhance the resiliency of the Critical Infrastructures. This paper presents the work being developed in the context of the SAFECARE H2020 project, that specifically considers the requirements for security of hospitals. A particular focus is given to the asset management that consider cross-domain aspects of security, like the physical location and virtual connections that link different components of a hospital. This allows advanced knowledge that enables to infer and forewarn of possible elaborated cyber-physical kill chains. This is particularly important and useful during crisis, as allows to have a holistic overview of the status of the hospital and the potential impacts of one or more incidents to the critical assets. The description and simulation of an attack scenario is also given, together with the description of the messages exchanged by the security systems and the information made available to security operators.
Towards a Global CIs’ Cyber-Physical Security Management and Joint Coordination Approach
Authors: Mantzana Vasiliki , Georgiou Eftichia , Gazi Anna , Gkotsis Ilias , Chasiotis Ioannis , Eftychidis Georgios 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCritical Infrastructures (CIs) face numerous cyber-physical threats that can affect citizens’ lives and habits, increase their feeling of insecurity, and influence the seamless services provision. During such incidents, but also in general for the security of CIs several internal and external stakeholders are involved, having different needs and requirements, trying to cooperate, respond and recover. Although CIs security management process is well analyzed in the literature there is a need to set a common ground among different CIs, thus reducing administration/coordination overhead and rendering the decision making and crisis management process more efficient. In this direction, this paper considers three different CIs (airport facilities, gas infrastructures, and hospitals); presents the current and emerging physical and cyber security related regulations and standards, operations, organisational and technical measure and; finally, through the discussion on gaps and best practices identified, proposes a global, cyber-physical security management and joint coordination approach. The proposed approach recommends among others that the adoption of a Holistic Security Operation Centre (HSOC) in each CI and a National Coordination Centre (NCC), supervising them, which will facilitate the communication and cooperation between the different CI operators and stakeholders, in case of an incident, that may have cascading effects to interconnected Infrastructures. The findings presented and the conclusions drawn are linked with three EU funded research projects (SATIE, SecureGas and SAFECARE), that aim to improve physical and cyber security of CIs in a seamless and cost-effective way.
Inferring Anomaly Situation from Multiple Data Sources in Cyber Physical Systems
Authors: Baldoni Sara , Celozzi Giuseppe , Neri Alessandro , Carli Marco , Battisti Federica 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCyber physical systems are becoming ubiquitous devices in many fields thus creating the need for effective security measures. We propose to exploit their intrinsic dependency on the environment in which they are deployed to detect and mitigate anomalies. To do so, sensor measurements, network metrics, and contextual information are fused in a unified security architecture. In this paper, the model of the proposed framework is presented and a first proof of concept involving a telecommunication infrastructure case study is provided.
Limits of JT gravity
Authors: Grumiller Daniel , Hartong Jelle , Prohazka Stefan , Salzer Jakob 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We construct various limits of JT gravity, including Newton-Cartan and Carrollian versions of dilaton gravity in two dimensions as well as a theory on the three-dimensional light cone. In the BF formulation our boundary conditions relate boundary connection with boundary scalar, yielding as boundary action the particle action on a group manifold or some Hamiltonian reduction thereof. After recovering in our formulation the Schwarzian for JT, we show that AdS-Carroll gravity yields a twisted warped boundary action. We comment on numerous applications and generalizations.
Aktuelle Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis C bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Wirth S. , Schreiber-Dietrich Dagmar , Dietrich Christoph F. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungZur Behandlung der chronischen Hepatitis C wurden in den letzten Jahren direkt wirkende antivirale Medikamente (DAA) zugelassen und sind bei Erwachsenen etabliert. Sie machten die interferonbasierten Therapien obsolet. Auch für Kinder und Jugendliche stehen seit Kurzem einige DAA zur Verfügung, die überwiegend ab dem Alter von 3 Jahren eingesetzt werden können.Die chronische Hepatitis C wird bei Kindern überwiegend vertikal übertragen und ist selten. Sie ist zwar zunächst eine wenig aktive und progrediente Erkrankung, kann aber im Erwachsenenalter in eine Leberzirrhose mit der Folge eines hepatozellulären Karzinoms übergehen. Die Diagnose ist mit der Bestimmung des Anti-HCV (IgM/IgG) und der HCV-RNA im Serum mit Genotypisierung leicht zu stellen. Die DAA werden oral appliziert und ausgesprochen gut toleriert. Drei Wirkstoffkombinationen stehen aktuell zur Verfügung, und 2021 wird eine weitere zugelassen. Die Heilungschancen sind mit über 95 % ausgesprochen gut und anhaltend.Im eigenen Krankengut wurden 25 Jungen und Mädchen überwiegend mit Genotyp 1 im Alter von 4 bis 17 Jahren mit DAA behandelt. Unabhängig von der Höhe der HCV-RNA im Serum waren alle bereits nach 4 Wochen HCV-RNA negativ und erzielten einen dauerhaften Erfolg.Die wesentliche Aufgabe ist nun, alle Kinder und Jugendlichen mit einer chronischen Hepatitis C zu identifizieren. Bei der äußerst guten Heilungschance kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass das Eradikationsziel in dieser Altersgruppe in absehbarer Zeit erreicht werden kann.
SUDEP kompakt – praxisrelevante Erkenntnisse und Empfehlungen zum plötzlichen, unerwarteten Tod bei Epilepsie
Authors: Surges Rainer , Conrad Stefan , Hamer Hajo M. , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Staack Anke M. , Steinhoff Bernhard J. , Strzelczyk Adam , Trinka Eugen 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung„Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy“ (SUDEP) ist der plötzliche, unerwartete Tod eines Epilepsiepatienten, der unter „gutartigen“ Umständen und ohne typische Todesursachen auftritt. SUDEP betrifft alle Epilepsiepatienten. Das individuelle Risiko hängt vor allem von Merkmalen der Epilepsie und Anfälle sowie von Lebensumständen ab. Fokale zu bilateral bzw. generalisierte tonisch-klonische Anfälle (TKA), nächtliche Anfälle und fehlende nächtliche Überwachung erhöhen das Risiko. In den meisten SUDEP-Fällen kommt es nach TKA zu einer fatalen Kaskade mit Apnoe, Hypoxämie und Asystolie. Wahrscheinlich könnten zwei Drittel der SUDEP-Fälle bei nicht überwachten Epilepsiepatienten mit TKA verhindert werden. Mobile Geräte („wearables“) können nächtliche TKA erkennen und Hilfspersonen benachrichtigen. Eine SUDEP-Aufklärung wird von den meisten Patienten und Angehörigen gewünscht, beeinflusst Therapieadhärenz und Verhalten günstig und hat keine negativen Auswirkungen auf Stimmung oder Lebensqualität.Empfehlungen der Kommission „Patientensicherheit“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Epileptologie: Therapieziel ist Anfallsfreiheit. Wenn dies nicht möglich ist, soll versucht werden, zumindest TKA zu kontrollieren. Alle Epilepsiepatienten und ihre Angehörigen sollen über SUDEP und Risikofaktoren aufgeklärt werden. Patienten und Angehörige sollen über Maßnahmen informiert werden, die einem erhöhten Risiko bzw. einem drohenden SUDEP entgegenwirken. Die Aufklärung soll in einem persönlichen Gespräch erfolgen, bei Diagnosestellung oder später. Die Aufklärung sollte dokumentiert werden. Wearables zur Detektion von TKA können empfohlen werden. Bei persistierenden TKA sollen Therapieversuche zur Anfallskontrolle fortgeführt werden. Nach SUDEP sollten Hinterbliebene kontaktiert werden.
Search for a moving target in a competitive environment
Authors: Duvocelle Benoit , Flesch János , Shi Hui Min , Vermeulen Dries 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider a discrete-time dynamic search game in which a number of players compete to find an invisible object that is moving according to a time-varying Markov chain. We examine the subgame perfect equilibria of these games. The main result of the paper is that the set of subgame perfect equilibria is exactly the set of greedy strategy profiles, i.e. those strategy profiles in which the players always choose an action that maximizes their probability of immediately finding the object. We discuss various variations and extensions of the model.
Unvollendet gebliebener Versuch eines erweiterten Suizids durch Stromeinwirkung in der Badewanne
Authors: Thoma V. , Auwärter V. , Thierauf-Emberger A. , Pollak S. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungWährend sich heutzutage in westlichen Ländern erweiterte Suizide ganz überwiegend in (gescheiterten) Partnerbeziehungen ereignen, stellen Kindstötungen mit nachfolgendem Suizid eines Elternteils ein seltenes Ereignis dar. Vorgestellt wird der ungewöhnliche Fall eines versuchten Homizid-Suizides einer 36-jährigen Frau, die durch das Einbringen eines eingeschalteten Föhns in das Badewasser beabsichtigte, sich und ihre 7 Jahre alte Tochter zu töten. Während sich das Kind selbstständig aus der Wanne befreien und die Großeltern informieren konnte, wurde die Frau in benommenem Zustand von ihrem Vater vorgefunden. Beim Versuch, seine Tochter aus der Badewanne zu bergen, habe er einen Stromfluss verspürt. Bemerkenswerterweise haben alle 3 Personen ohne gesundheitlichen Schaden überlebt; sie wiesen keine Strommarken auf. Die ungewöhnliche Fallkonstellation, die elektrotechnischen Aspekte und die psychiatrische Vorgeschichte der Täterin, die zum Tatzeitpunkt unter dem Einfluss von Alkohol und eines sedierenden Mittels stand, werden unter Berücksichtigung der einschlägigen Literatur diskutiert.
Numerical approximation of the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation near the sharp interface limit
Authors: Antonopoulou Dimitra , Baňas Ĺubomír , Nürnberg Robert , Prohl Andreas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with additive noise term $$\varepsilon ^\gamma g\, {\dot{W}}$$

ε
γ

g

W
˙

($$\gamma >0$$

γ
>
0

) that scales with the interfacial width parameter $$\varepsilon $$
ε
. We verify strong error estimates for a gradient flow structure-inheriting time-implicit discretization, where $$\varepsilon ^{-1}$$

ε

-
1

only enters polynomially; the proof is based on higher-moment estimates for iterates, and a (discrete) spectral estimate for its deterministic counterpart. For $$\gamma $$
γ
sufficiently large, convergence in probability of iterates towards the deterministic Hele–Shaw/Mullins–Sekerka problem in the sharp-interface limit $$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$

ε
→
0

is shown. These convergence results are partly generalized to a fully discrete finite element based discretization. We complement the theoretical results by computational studies to provide practical evidence concerning the effect of noise (depending on its ’strength’ $$\gamma $$
γ
) on the geometric evolution in the sharp-interface limit. For this purpose we compare the simulations with those from a fully discrete finite element numerical scheme for the (stochastic) Mullins–Sekerka problem. The computational results indicate that the limit for $$\gamma \ge 1$$

γ
≥
1

is the deterministic problem, and for $$\gamma =0$$

γ
=
0

we obtain agreement with a (new) stochastic version of the Mullins–Sekerka problem.
A journey towards whole water certified reference materials for organic substances: measuring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as required by the European Union Water Framework Directive
Authors: Dosis Ioannis , Ricci Marina , Emteborg Håkan , Emons Hendrik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn 2000, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) came into force in the European Union with the aim of protecting and improving water quality. The priority substances established to be monitored are predominantly organic compounds, for which the WFD sets the requirement of ‘whole water sample’ analysis. This legislative requirement poses analytical challenges for the monitoring laboratories as well as technical challenges for reference materials producers. In the past, there were attempts to produce reference materials as quality assurance/quality control tools for measuring organic priority substances in whole water. A critical reflection on the approaches and solutions applied to prepare such kind of matrix reference materials is presented along with a discussion on the difficulties encountered by the analytical laboratories in analysing such complex matrices. The Certified Reference Material (CRM) ERM-CA100 can be considered as a pioneer for a ‘whole water’ CRM (containing humic acids) and has been designed for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Further developments seem to be necessary to upgrade the design towards a CRM which will also include suspended particulate matter, another basic constituent of natural surface water samples.
Graphical abstract
E-PSMA: the EANM standardized reporting guidelines v1.0 for PSMA-PET
Authors: Ceci Francesco , Oprea-Lager Daniela E. , Emmett Louise , Adam Judit A. , Bomanji Jamshed , Czernin Johannes , Eiber Matthias , Haberkorn Uwe , Hofman Michael S. , Hope Thomas A. , Kumar Rakesh , Rowe Steven P. , Schwarzenboeck Sarah M. , Fanti Stefano , Herrmann Ken 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rationale
The development of consensus guidelines for interpretation of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is needed to provide more consistent reports in clinical practice. The standardization of PSMA-PET interpretation may also contribute to increasing the data reproducibility within clinical trials. Finally, guidelines in PSMA-PET interpretation are needed to communicate the exact location of findings to referring physicians, to support clinician therapeutic management decisions.

Methods
A panel of worldwide experts in PSMA-PET was established. Panelists were selected based on their expertise and publication record in the diagnosis or treatment of PCa, in their involvement in clinical guidelines and according to their expertise in the clinical application of radiolabeled PSMA inhibitors. Panelists were actively involved in all stages of a modified, nonanonymous, Delphi consensus process.

Results
According to the findings obtained by modified Delphi consensus process, panelist recommendations were implemented in a structured report for PSMA-PET.

Conclusions
The E-PSMA standardized reporting guidelines, a document supported by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), provide consensus statements among a panel of experts in PSMA-PET imaging, to develop a structured report for PSMA-PET in prostate cancer and to harmonize diagnostic interpretation criteria.
Correlation of Intraoperative End‐Tidal Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Postoperative Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing Pylorus‐Preserving Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Park Ji‐Hoon , Lee Hye‐Mi , Kang Chang Moo , Kim Kyung Sub , Jang Chul Ho , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Lee Jeong‐Rim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypocapnia has been traditionally advocated during general anesthesia, even though it may induce deleterious physiological effects that result in unfavorable outcomes in patients. This study investigated the association between intraoperative end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients who underwent pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD).MethodsThe medical records of 759 patients from 2006 to 2015 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups based on the mean EtCO2 value during general anesthesia: the hypocapnia group (< 35 mmHg) and the normocapnia group (≥ 35 mmHg). The primary outcome was LOS between the groups. Secondary outcomes included the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, postoperative 30‐day, 1‐year, and 2‐year mortality, and perioperative factors associated with LOS.ResultsA total of 727 patients were finally analyzed. The median LOS of the hypocapnia group was significantly longer than that of the normocapnia group (22 days vs. 18 days, respectively; p < 0.001). Postoperative mortality did not differ between the groups. Cox regression analysis revealed that hypocapnia was an independent risk factor for longer LOS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–1.89; p < 0.001). Age and postoperative pancreatic fistula were also risk factors for a longer LOS.ConclusionsIt was concluded that low levels of intraoperative EtCO2 during general anesthesia were associated with an increased LOS for patients undergoing PPPD.
Mind the food: behavioural characteristics and imaging signatures of the specific handling of food objects
Authors: Max Sebastian M. , Schroeder Philipp A. , Blechert Jens , Giel Katrin E. , Ehlis Ann-Christine , Plewnia Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn our world with nearly omnipresent availability of attractive and palatable high-calorie food, the struggle against overweight and obesity is a major individual and public health challenge. Preference for unhealthy food and eating-related habits have a strong influence on health, suggesting that high-calorie food triggers fast and near-automatic reaching and grasping movements. Therefore, it is important to better understand the specific neural mechanisms that control the handling of food involving a coordinated interplay between sensoric, motoric, and cognitive subsystems. To this end, 30 healthy participants (Ø BMI: 22.86 kg/m2; BMI range: 19–30 kg/m2; 23 females) were instructed to collect one of two concurrently presented objects (food vs. office tools) by manual movement in virtual reality (VR) and on a touchscreen. Parallel to the task in VR, regional brain activity was measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In the VR and on the touchscreen, stimulus recognition and selection were faster for food than for office tools. Yet, food was collected more slowly than office tools when measured in VR. On the background of increased brain activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during food trials, this suggests more behavioural control activity during handling foods. In sum, this study emphasizes the role of the right dlPFC in faster recognition and selection of food as part of a food-valuation network, more controlled handling of food in the VR which highlights the relevance of medium for modelling food-specific embodied cognitions.
Aquiferspeicher in Deutschland
Authors: Fleuchaus Paul , Schüppler Simon , Stemmle Ruben , Menberg Kathrin , Blum Philipp 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer saisonale Versatz von Angebot und Nachfrage im Wärmesektor kann über Speicherlösungen ausgeglichen werden. Für die jahreszeitliche Speicherung von Wärme und Kälte sind Aquiferspeicher (ATES) als vielversprechende Lösung vermehrt in den Fokus gerückt. Mit derzeit jeweils nur einem betriebenen Niedrigtemperatur- (NT) und Hochtemperaturspeicher (HT) fristet die Technologie in Deutschland allerdings noch immer ein Nischendasein. Diese Studie liefert einen Überblick über die aktuelle Entwicklung der Aquiferspeicherung in Deutschland und diskutiert Stärken und Schwächen sowie Chancen und Risiken. Trotz eines großen Nutzungspotenzials wird der Markteinstieg in Deutschland durch fehlende Anreizprogramme, mangelnde Kenntnisse sowie nicht vorhandene Pilotanlagen erschwert. Die Speichertemperaturen von HT-ATES (> 50 °C) erhöhen dessen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten, haben aber verstärkte technische und legislative Risiken zur Folge. Eine kommerzielle ATES-Nutzung in Deutschland ist daher nur möglich durch die Anpassung genehmigungsrechtlicher Anforderungen, die Schaffung von Fördermaßnahmen, die Umsetzung von Demonstrationsanlagen und die Darlegung von deren wirtschaftlichen und ökologischen Vorteilen.
Three-dimensional hydrostratigraphy and groundwater flow models in complex Quaternary deposits and weathered/fractured bedrock: evaluating increasing model complexity
Authors: Åberg Susanne Charlotta , Åberg Annika Katarina , Korkka-Niemi Kirsti 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGreater complexity in three-dimensional (3D) model structures yields more plausible groundwater recharge/discharge patterns, especially in groundwater/surface-water interactions. The construction of a 3D hydrostratigraphic model prior to flow modelling is beneficial when the hydraulic conductivity of geological units varies considerably. A workflow for 3D hydrostratigraphic modelling with Leapfrog Geo and flow modelling with MODFLOW-NWT was developed. It was used to evaluate how the modelling results for groundwater flow and recharge/discharge patterns differ when using simple or more complex hydrostratigraphic models. The workflow was applied to a study site consisting of complex Quaternary sediments underlain by fractured and weathered crystalline bedrock. Increasing the hydrostratigraphic detail appeared to improve the fit between the observed and simulated water table, and created more plausible groundwater flow patterns. Interlayered zones of low and high conductivity disperse the recharge/discharge patterns, increasing the vertical flow component. Groundwater flow was predominantly horizontal in models in which Quaternary sediments and bedrock were simplified as one layer per unit. It appears to be important to define the interlayered low-conductivity units, which can limit groundwater infiltration and also affect groundwater discharge patterns. Explicit modelling with Leapfrog Geo was found to be effective but time-consuming in the generation of scattered and thin-layered strata.