bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in heritable and environmental risk of abdominal obesity: family-based study and case-control study of rural adults in China
Authors: Yu Songcheng , Feng Yinhua , Qu Chenling , Li Xing , Huo Wenqian , Mao Zhenxing , Chen Changying , Wang Chongjian , Li Wenjie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Abdominal obesity (AO) has shown a dramatic increase trend in the past decades. But there were few studies on sex differences in the risk of AO, especially the heritable risk. This study aimed to investigate the sex differences of AO risk in China rural areas.Methods: A family-based study coupled with the Henan Rural Cohort was carried out, including 1,533 people and 39,259 people, respectively. Questionnaires were applied in including included demographics, dietary intake and physical activity. Combined family-based study with the Henan Rural Cohort, sex differences in heritable risk of AO was analyzed among rural people. Chi-square test was applied to study the heritable risk of AO. Environmental factors for AO were assessed in couple case-control study. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess the association of lifestyles with AO.Results: Women had higher risk to develop AO than men in Henan Rural Cohort (OR: 3.070, 95% CI: 2.943, 3.203, P<0.001). The female first-degree relatives were more susceptible to AO than those in the Henan Rural Cohort (OR: 1.854, 95% CI: 1.318, 2.608, P<0.001). Moreover, female offspring had higher risk to develop AO than male offspring when their mothers suffered from AO (OR: 1.797, 95% CI: 1.111, 2.907, P=0.016), and this risk increased if their grandmothers suffered from AO (OR: 6.750, 95% CI: 1.667, 27.336, P=0.007). In addition, low physical activity increased the risk to develop AO for women when compared with their husbands (OR: 2.253, 95% CI: 1.283, 3.957, P=0.005). Conclusion: This study indicated females are heritably susceptible to AO than men, especially for those who have maternal family history and reinforce the benefits of increasing physical activity for protecting females from suffering from AO. Proactive action based on maternal family history is a cost-effective strategy for the prevention of AO, although larger family-based studies are required to verify the conclusion.
Thermal and Crystallization Behavior of B2O3 – SiO2 – Bi2O3 – TiO2 – Y2O3 Glasses
Authors: shaaban Kh. S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Glasses with the chemical composition of 52B2O3 – 12SiO2- 26Bi2O3 – (10 - x ) TiO2 - xY2O3, : (0 ≤ x ≥ 10 )prepared using the melt-quench method. The goal of this study is to investigate the structural, thermal, and crystallization characteristics of these samples. XRD analysis has explored the nature of the glass system. Molar volume obtained reduced while the density denotes increased in the present system. FTIR analysis revealed that as Y2O3 replaced by TiO2, because of an increasing trend in bridging oxygens (BOs), structural units and interconnection of modifier oxide tetrahedral increment, while non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) reduce. These glasses' thermal stability investigated using DTA. As the concentration of Y2O3 increased, so the thermal parameter values. The glass-ceramic denoted prepared under controlled heat and investigated using XRD & SEM. Ultrasonic velocities and elastic moduli of glass-ceramic samples increase as internal energy increases. The significance of Y2O3 modifier in the glass system signifies proved. Y2O3 is a powerful nucleating agent that can cause crystallization, assisting in the formation of glass-ceramic phases.
Awake Prone Positioning in Patients with Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19: The PROFLO Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rosen Jacob , Oelreich Erik von , Fors Diddi , Fagerlund Malin Jonsson , Taxbro Knut , Skorup Paul , Eby Ludvig , Jalde Francesca Campoccia , Johansson Niclas , Bergström Gustav , Frykholm Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The effect of awake prone positioning on intubation rates is not established. The aim of this trial was to investigate if a protocol for awake prone positioning reduces the rate of endotracheal intubation compared with standard care among patients with moderate to severe hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Adult patients with confirmed COVID-19, high-flow nasal oxygen or noninvasive ventilation for respiratory support and a PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 20 kPa were randomly assigned to a protocol targeting 16 hours prone positioning per day or standard care. The primary endpoint was intubation within 30 days. Secondary endpoints included duration of awake prone positioning, 30-day mortality, ventilator free days, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, use of noninvasive ventilation, organ support and adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to futility. Results: Of 141 patients assessed for eligibility, 75 were randomized of whom 39 were allocated to the control group and 36 to the prone group. Within 30 days after enrollment, 13 patients (33%) were intubated in the control group versus 12 patients (33%) in the prone group (HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.46-2.21), P=0.99). Median prone duration was 3.4 hours [IQR 1.8-8.4] in the control group compared with 9.0 hours per day [IQR 4.4-10.6] in the prone group (P=0.014). Nine patients (23%) in the control group had pressure sores compared with two patients (6%) in the prone group (difference -18% (95% CI -2% to -33%); P=0.032). There were no other differences in secondary outcomes between groups.Conclusions: A protocol for awake prone positioning increased duration of prone positioning, but did not reduce the rate of intubation in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 compared to standard care.Trial registration: ISRCTN54918435. Registered 15 June 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN54917435)
Genetic Diversity and Genomic Selection in Eucalyptus Benthamii
Authors: DE SOUZA BRUNO MARCHETTI , de Abreu Lucas Moura , Pappas Marília de Castro Rodrigues , Azevedo Vânia Cristina Rennó , Santos Paulo Eduardo Telles dos , de Souza Valderês Aparecida , Santos Rodrigo Furtado dos , de Aguiar Ananda Virgínia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study investigates the genetic diversity and the ability of genomic-wide selection to predict breeding genomic values of an E. benthamii trial. All individuals (115) of the breeding population were genotyped with 13 microsatellites loci. The diameter at breast height and total height were measured. The data analysis was carried using the softwares: Structure, Popgene, GDA, SPAGeDi1.5 and R. Predictive ability, heritability and standard errors markers were estimated using the RRblup method. The average number of alleles per locus was nine, and the polymorphism level for each locus varied from 3 to 17. The average expected heterozygosity (He=0.655) was very similar to observed heterozygosity and the estimated inbreeding (F = 0.02) was very low. These results corroborate that this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the most loci. The trial genetic diversity is considered high, once the trial sampling demonstrated similar values to the natural populations. The group coancestry (0.085) demonstrate that the trees, in general, related at the half-sib level in this population. By using the Evanno’s method it is inferred that the individuals came from two original populations. The genetic distance calculated among the two groups was low ( =0.21). The heritability estimated from genomic selection for phenotypic traits was very low; however, the heritability estimated using the kinship coefficients was higher. The marker-based heritability using kinship coefficients probably is the more accurate than the one estimated using genomic selection, showing that the population samples can be used to establish breeding populations, hybrids and enriching the species germplasm bank.
Frequency microcomb distillation for optical superchannel transmission
Authors: Prayoonyong Chawaphon , Boes Andreas , xu xingyuan , Tan Mengxi , Chu Sai , Little Brent , Morandotti Roberto , Mitchell Arnan , Corcoran Bill , Moss David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Optical frequency combs potentially can provide a compact and efficient light source for multi-Terabit-per-second optical superchannels. However, as the bandwidth of these multi-wavelength light sources is increased, it can result in low per-line power. Optical amplifiers can be used to overcome power limitations, but the accompanying spontaneous optical noise can degrade performance in optical systems. To overcome this, we demonstrate wideband noise reduction for comb lines using a high-Q microring resonator whose resonances align with the comb lines. When applying the proposed distillation to a superchannel system at 18 Gbaud, with 64-QAM sub-channels in a > 10 Tb/s optical superchannel, we find that noise-corrupted comb lines can reduce the optical signal-to-noise ratio required for the comb by ~ 9 dB when used as optical carriers at the transmitter side, and by ~ 12 dB when used as a local oscillator at the receiver side. By filtering with a MRR, we eliminate this degradation in OSNR.
Doxycycline promotes proteasome fitness in the central nervous system
Authors: Jenkins Edmund Charles , O’Connell Matthew J. , Manfredi Giovanni , Germain Doris 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Several studies reported that mitochondrial stress induces cytosolic proteostasis in yeast and C.elegans. Notably, inhibition of mitochondrial translation with doxcycyline decreases the toxicity of b-amyloid aggregates, in a C. elegans. However, how mitochondrial stress activates cytosolic proteostasis remains unclear. Further whether doxycycline has this effect in mammals and in disease relevant tissues also remain unclear. We show here that doxycycline treatment in mice drastically reduces the accumulation of proteins destined for degradation by the proteasome in a CNS region-specific manner. This effect is associated with the activation of the ERa axis of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt), in both males and females. However, sexually dimorphic mechanisms of proteasome activation were observed. Doxycycline also activates the proteasome in fission yeast, where ERa is not expressed. Rather, the ancient ERa-coactivator Mms19 regulates this response in yeast. Our results suggest that the UPR mt initiates a conserved mitochondria-to-cytosol stress signal, resulting in proteasome activation, and that this signal has adapted during evolution, in a sex and tissue specific-manner. Therefore, while our results support the use of doxycycline in the prevention of proteopathic diseases, they also indicate that sex is an important variable to consider in the design of future clinical trials using doxycycline.
Comprehensive in silico structural-functional analysis of Enterobacter GH19 class I chitinase (chiRAM) gene: cloning and heterologous expression
Authors: Abady Shahinaz M. , Ghanem Khaled M. , Ghanem Nevine B. , Embaby Amira M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
I. Background. Present study aims to clone and express the gene-encoding chitinase / GH19 family from Enterobacter sp. in E.coli with in silico sequence analyses.. II. Methods and results. The putative open reading frame of GH19 chitinase from Enterobacter sp. strain EGY1 was cloned and expressed into pGEM-T and pET-28a + vectors, respectively using a degenerate primer. The isolated nucleotide sequence (1821 bp, Genbank accession no.: MK533791.2) was translated to chiRAM protein (606 amino acids, UniProt accession no.: A0A4D6J2L9). chiRAM in silico protein sequence analysis revealed GH19 class I chitinase: N-terminus signal peptide (Met1-Ala23), catalytic domain (Val83-Glu347 & catalytic triad Glu149, Glu171, Ser218), proline-rich hinge (Pro414 -Pro450), (polycystic kidney disease protein motif (Gly 465-Ser 533), C-terminus chitin-binding domain (Ala553- Glu593), and class I conserved motifs (NYNY and AQETGG). Three dimensional model was constructed by LOMETS MODELLER, PDB template: 2dkvA (Oryza sativa L. japonica class I chitinase). Recombinant chiRAM was overexpressed as inclusion bodies (IBs) (~ 72kDa; SDS-PAGE) in 1.0 mM IPTG induced E.coli BL21 (DE3) Rosetta at room temperature, 18 hrs post induction. Optimized expression yielded active chiRAM with 1.974 U/mL ± 0.0002, on shrimp colloidal chitin (SCC), in induced E.coli BL21 (DE3) Rosetta cells growing in SB medium. LC-MS/MS identified the 72 kDa band in the soluble fraction with 52.3% coverage sequence exclusive to Enterobacter cloacae chitinase/GH19 (WP_063869339.1). III. Conclusions. Despite the successful cloning and expression of chiRAM of Enterobacter sp. in E.coli with an appreciable chitinase activity, prospective studies would focus on minimizing IBs to facilitate chiRAM purification and characterization.
Risk Literacy Promotes Representative Understanding: Numerate People are Less Biased, More Knowledgeable, and More Concerned about Climate Change
Authors: Cho Jinhyo , Cokely Edward , Ramasubramanian Madhuri , Allan Jinan , Feltz Adam , Garcia-Retamero Rocio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A Novel Model of Acquired Hydrocephalus for Evaluation of Neurosurgical Treatments
Authors: Mcallister James (Pat) , Talcott Michael , Isaacs Albert M. , Castaneyra-Ruiz Leandro , Zwick Sarah H. , Hartman Alexis L. , Garcia-Bonilla Maria , Dilger Ryan N. , Fleming Stephen A. , Golden Rebecca K. , Morales Diego M. , Harris Carolyn A. , Limbrick David D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background.Many animal models have been used to study the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus; most of these have been rodent models whose lissencephalic cerebral cortex may not respond to ventriculomegaly in ways similar to gyrencephalic species and whose size is not amenable to evaluation of clinically-relevant neurosurgical treatments. Fewer models of hydrocephalus in gyrencephalic species have been used; thus, we have expanded upon a porcine model of hydrocephalus in juvenile pigs. Methods. Acquired hydrocephalus was induced in 30-35-day old pigs by percutaneous intracisternal injections of kaolin. Intracisternal and intraventricular injections of autologous blood was attempted in 2 cases to induce post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to evaluate the progression of ventriculomegaly and plan the surgical implantation of ventriculoperitoneal shunts at approximately 1–4 weeks post-kaolin. Behavioral and neurological status was assessed continuously. Results. Bilateral ventriculomegaly occurred post-induction and was characterized by enlargement of all portions of the cerebral ventricles, with prominent CSF flow voids in the third ventricle, foramina of Monro, and cerebral aqueduct. Kaolin deposits formed a solid cast in basal cisterns but the cisterna magna was patent. In 14 untreated hydrocephalic animals, mean total ventricular volumes were 6786 ± 4336 SD mm3 at 17–57 days post-kaolin, which was significantly larger than the baseline values of 2251 ± 194 SD mm3 in sham controls. Consistent with human hydrocephalus, intermittent disruption of the ventricular zone of the lateral ventricles was characterized by loss of multiciliated ependymal cells and the appearance of reactive astrocytes. Past the post-induction recovery period, untreated pigs were asymptomatic in spite of exhibiting mild-moderate ventriculomegaly. Shunted animals developed ataxia and lethargy only when obstruction of the ventricular catheter and/or distal valve occurred. Conclusions. Mechanical induction of acquired hydrocephalus produces a reliable in vivo model that is highly translational, allowing systematic studies of the pathophysiology and clinical treatment of hydrocephalus.
Stress decreases host viral resistance and increases Covid susceptibility in embryonic stem cells.
Authors: Abdulhasan Mohammed , Ruden Ximena , Rappolee Benjamin , Dutta Sudipta , Gurdziel Katherine , Ruden Douglas M , Awonuga Awoniyi O , Korzeniewski Steven , Puscheck Elizabeth E , Rappolee Daniel A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Stress-induced changes in viral receptor and susceptibility gene expression were measured in embryonic stem cells (ESC) and differentiated progeny. Rex1 promoter-Red Fluorescence Protein reporter ESC were tested by RNAseq after 72hr exposures to control hyperosmotic sorbitol under stemness culture (NS) to quantify stress forced differentiation (SFD) transcriptomic programs. Control ESC cultured with stemness factor removal produced normal differentiation (ND). Bulk RNAseq transcriptomic analysis showed significant upregulation of two genes involved in Covid-19 cell uptake, Vimentin (VIM) and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2). SFD increased the hepatitis A virus receptor (Havcr1) and the transplacental Herpes simplex 1 (HSV1) virus receptor (Pvrl1) compared with ESC undergoing ND. Several other coronavirus receptors, Glutamyl Aminopep tidase (ENPEP) and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) were upregulated significantly in SFD>ND. Although stressed ESC are more susceptible to infection due to increased expression of viral receptors and decreased resistance, the necessary Covid-19 receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)2, was not expressed in our experiments. TMPRSS2, ENPEP, and DPP4 mediate Coronavirus uptake, but are also markers of extra-embry onic endoderm (XEN), which arise from ESC undergoing ND or SFD. Mouse and human ESCs differentiated to XEN increase TMPRSS2 and other Covid-19 uptake-mediating gene expression, but only some lines express ACE2. Covid-19 susceptibility appears to be genotype-specific and not ubiquitous. Of the 30 gene ontology (GO) groups for viral susceptibility, 15 underwent significant stress-forced changes. Of these, 4 GO groups mediated negative viral regulation and most genes in these increase in ND and decrease with SFD, thus suggesting that stressed increases ESC viral susceptibility.
Exploring Anxiety and Chain Reaction of Anxiety in COVID-19 Pandemic: A large population Web-based survey in Japan
Authors: Zhuang Jinman , Cai Guoxi , Lu Yixiao , Lin Yulan , Wong Liping Ping , Hu Zhijian , Yamamoto Taro , Morita Kouichi , Aoyagi Kiyoshi , He Fei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Anxiety plays an important role in psychology, explore the anxiety and its chain reactions can provide a good insight of the measures to address mental health problem caused by the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) epidemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study using data collected via an online self-reported questionnaire was conduct on Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) to assess the level of anxiety, and explore the relationship of anxiety STAI-6 Score, sources of COVID-19 information, the influences of COVID-19, social anxiety symptoms, discrimination, and evaluation toward the government. Results: 4,127 participants were included to the analysis. The level of anxiety is not equally distributed across the general population with different age, gender, educational level, occupation, income, presence of underlying disease and location (P<0.05). The numbers of sources to get information about COVID-19 have a positive correlation with STAI-6 Score (Spearman’rho=0.176, P<0.001). The influences caused by the pandemic are related to moderate-severe anxiety. Then the high level of anxiety would add to social anxiety (Spearman’rho=0.04, P<0.05) and discrimination behaviors (Spearman’rho=0.11, P<0.01). Generalized additive model shows that high anxiety would lower the responders’ evaluations of the preventive measures took by either national government or local government. Conclusions: Our findings provide a statistical evidence for the chain reaction of anxiety, that anxiety reactions may vary in predictable ways. Further researches can focus on what types of strategic interventions can cut the chain response of anxiety, in order to address the mental health problems in a pandemic.
Upregulated Glycolysis Correlates With Clinical and Transcriptomic Significances in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Hideyuki , Kawabata-Iwakawa Reika , Ida Shota , Mito Ikko , Tada Hiroe , Chikamatsu Kazuaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Altered metabolism is an emerging hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells preferentially utilize glycolysis for energy production, termed “aerobic glycolysis.” In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the glycolysis status in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We first divided 520 patients with HNSCC into two groups based on the mRNA expression of 16 glycolysis-related genes. The glycolysis-high signature positively correlated with human papillomavirus-negative tumor type, advanced T factor, and unfavorable prognosis. The gene set enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of several pathways, including interferon-alpha response, myc targets, hypoxia, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, transforming growth factor-β signaling, and interleukin 6-Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling, in the glycolysis-high group. Immune cell enrichment analysis revealed decreased infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells, and B cells in the glycolysis-high group, suggesting impaired tumor antigen presentation, T cell activation, and antibody production in TME. Moreover, the expression of TGFB1, CD274, and PDCD1LG2, which facilitate immunosuppression in the TME, was upregulated in the glycolysis-high group. Collectively, these findings suggest the potential of glycolysis monitoring as a biomarker for tumor progression and immunosuppression in the TME of HNSCC.
Successful Operation Following Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Combined with Chemotherapy for Right Aortic Arch with Esophageal Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Luo Zhilin , Wang Tianhu , Li Dong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Right aortic arch (AAA) with esophageal cancer is a kind of rare case. Tumor shrinkage after neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and subsequently successful excision of the esophageal tumor under minimally invasive surgery are reported for this case in this paper.Case presentation The patient was a 50-year-old man who was diagnosed with AAA and esophageal cancer with a clinical stage of c-T3N1M0, stage III. Because Computed tomography(CT) indicated a larger volume of the tumor with signs of outward invasion, along with vascular malformations, neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given. After 3 cycles of neoadjuvant therapy, this patient achieved a fully clinical symptom remission, and re-examination result of chest CT showed tumor shrinkage, so a minimally invasive surgery was provided to remove the tumor. Following the surgery, immunotherapy and chemotherapy were continued.Conclusion For locally advanced esophageal cancer with vascular malformations, neoadjuvant therapy is a good treatment option. If achieving downstaging, the tumor would be well removed just with a minimally invasive surgery.