bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pool Boiling of R514A, R1224 yd(Z), and R1336mzz(E) on a Reentrant Cavity Surface
Authors: Kedzierski M. A. , Lin L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper quantifies the pool boiling performance of R514A, R1224 yd(Z), and R1336mzz(E) on a flattened, horizontal Turbo-ESP surface for air-conditioning applications for heat fluxes between roughly 10 kWm−2 and 100 kWm−2. R514A, R1224 yd(Z), and R1336mzz(E) are replacements for R123 and R245fa. All of these replacement refrigerants had measured boiling heat fluxes that were larger than that for R123 for most heat fluxes. For example, for heat fluxes between 10 kWm−2 and 80 kWm−2, R514A, R1224 yd(Z), and R1336mzz(E) exhibited average heat fluxes that were 30%, 57%, and 13% larger than that for R123 for a saturation temperature of 277.6 K. For the same comparison done at a saturation temperature of 298.2 K, the average heat flux for R514A was roughly 43% larger than that for R123. A pool boiling model, that was previously developed for pure and mixed refrigerants on the Turbo-ESP surface, was compared to the measured boiling performance. The model predicted the measured superheats of the mixed refrigerants and the single-component refrigerants to within ± 0.7 K and ± 0.45 K, respectively.
An Interactive CAPP Kernel Based on a Blackboard System Architecture
Authors: Kruth Jean-Pierre , Van Zeir Geert , Detand Jan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the ideas and developments that lead to a new Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) approach : a blackboard-style, interactive CAPP system, in which the human process planner is assisted by expert modules, each capable of performing a process planning task. At all times, the human operator has full control over all planning activities. An important reasoning mechanism, that is inevitably linked with the interactive CAPP kernel, is opportunistic process planning. The implementation of this mechanism in an automatic feature based CAPP system will also be elaborated in this paper.
Automatic Assembly Sequence Planning With Fuzzy Graph Representation and Genetic Search
Authors: Sebaaly Milad Fares , Fujimoto Hideo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Assembly Sequence Planning (ASP) problem is a complicated task that is still performed manually in most advanced industries. It consists of finding the best or optimal sequence to assemble a certain product, given its CAD design. Although it seems simple at first, its complexity drastically increases with increasing numbers of product parts, so that complexity is very high for most actual industrial products. Many ASP planners have been developed by researchers to automate this problem, but most of these are not practical and general enough to deal with actual industrial products. One of the main disadvantages is that these planners perform an extensive search of all possible sequences in order to choose the optimal solution. Another rather important disadvantage is that most generated sequences are linear, i.e. one part is assembled at a time, or have very simplistic plan generation. Sebaaly and Fujimoto (1996) introduced a novel approach to overcome the first disadvantage by applying genetic algorithms. A best-so-far solution is reached without searching the complete set of possible candidates, and the search is performed on a sequence population basis rather than on parts basis. However, this method is restricted to generating linear sequences only. This paper addresses improving that approach to generate more general solutions, by introducing an assembly fuzzy graph representation that can represent both linear and non-linear sequences. The sequences search space is thus extended to include all feasible combinations of linear and non-linear assembly operations. From the set of assembly rules and constraints of a certain product, a set of assembly stages is defined, such that every assembly operation is assigned to a certain stage according to its position in the set of constraints. A fuzzy relation is then defined as a grade of connectivity between product parts. Based on this relation, a fuzzy graph connecting the product parts is generated. This graph can represent both linear and non-linear sequences. After that, the algorithm of Sebaaly and Fujimoto (1996) is improved to deal with the new search space. The new modified algorithm is applied to a practical example from industry where the applicability and capability of the new algorithm are confirmed.
Tool Operation Based Operation Force Teaching: Extracting Force Control Strategy From Human’s Work in Virtual Environment
Authors: Tateno Toshitake , Igoshi Masanori 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with a virtual environment which is used for extracting expert’s knowledge of work and transferring the work information to a worker. The worker is either a human or a robot. Tool based work representation is convenient for both human and robots to use the data. Tool operation is also convenient to construct a force feedback system in a virtual environment. The data recorded in the virtual environment is saved as work examples in a database, and used by a worker when he wants to refer to the samples. In the virtual environment an expert shows what he wants to do. It’s not important to get a detail amount of data. The most important objective of the virtual environment is to get the expert’s knowledge on the work through the force. In this paper we propose a new virtual environment which is based on qualitative simulation. We call it Virtual Mental Space (VMS) because human mental models are said to be qualitative models about the physical world. Interactions between a human and the VMS provides explanations of what he wants to do, and make it possible to get a force which he wants to stress. The tool operation is used conveniently again to smooth the interaction.
Feature Extraction Techniques by Optimal Volume Decomposition
Authors: Dong Jian , Vijayan Sreedharan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The elements of Computer-Aided Manufacturing, do not make full use of the part description stored in a CAD model because it exists in terms of low-level faces, edges and vertices or primitive volumes related to the manufacturing planning task. Consequently manufacturing planning still depends upon human expertise and input to interpret the part definition according to manufacturing needs.
Feature-based technology is becoming an important tool to resolve this and other related problems. One approach is to design the part using Features directly. Another approach is Manufacturing Feature Extraction and Recognition. Manufacturing Feature Extraction consists of searching for the part description, recognizing cavity features, extracting those features as solid volumes of material to be removed. Feature Recognition involves raising this information to the level of part features which can be read by a process planning program. The feature extraction can be called optimal if the manufacturing cost of the component using those features can be minimized. An optimized feature extraction technique using two powerful optimization methods viz., Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm is presented in this paper. This work has relevance in the areas of CAD/CAM linking, process planning and manufacturability assessment.
Augmented Convex Decomposition Using Incremental Update for Recognition of Form Features
Authors: Parienté Frédéric , Kim Yong Se 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Alternating Sum of Volumes with Partitioning (ASVP) decomposition is a volumetric representation of a part obtained from its boundary representation that organizes faces of the part in an outside-in hierarchy. ASVP decomposition combines Alternating Sum of Volumes (ASV) decomposition, using convex hulls and set difference operations, and remedial partitioning, using cutting operations and concave edges. A Form Feature Decomposition (FFD) which can serve as a central feature representation for various applications is obtained from ASVP decomposition. The incremental update of convex decomposition is achieved by exploiting its hierarchical structure. For a connected incremental design change, the active components that only need to be updated are localized in a subtree of the decomposition tree called active subtree. Then, the new decomposition is obtained by only updating the active subtree in the old decomposition. In this paper, we present a new decomposition, called Augmented Alternating Sum of Volumes with Partitioning (AASVP) decomposition, that is incrementally constructed using ASV incremental update as a local operation on a decomposition tree. AASVP provides an improved feature recognition capability as it localizes the effect of the change in the decomposition tree, avoids excessive remedial partitioning and catches the designer’s intent in feature editing. AASVP differs from ASVP at the remedial-partitioning nodes by partitioning less. The current remedial partitioning method could be improved such that AASVP decomposition can be constructed directly from the solid model.
Fire Modeling
Authors: Lilley David G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The mathematical modeling approach to simulating fire development in a multi-room building complements the experimental approach and/or post-fire on-site investigations. Fire simulation models provide estimates of the amount and temperature of the smoke layer produced, the evolution of toxic gases, and the amount of time available from the onset of fire for the safe departure of occupants. Results can be used to determine the key features of the fire evolution and the corresponding danger to occupants. Studies of this type help to validate or deny the suggested fire scenario and witness statements. Fire modeling thus helps to discriminate between alternative fire scenarios by evaluating the consequences and comparing them with observations.
On the Thermal Decomposition of Solid Wastes
Authors: Missoum A. , Gupta A. K. , Chen J. , Keating Eugene L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted on the thermal destruction behavior of 100% cellulose and mixture of 90% cellulose-10% polyethylene (C13H8O7) in a laboratory scale facility. A series of pyrolysis and oxidative pyrolysis (pyrolysis followed by air or oxygen addition) tests were performed. Temperature was varied from 600 to 1500K. Data provides the effect of temperature, air addition and chemical composition of the surrogate solid waste on the emissions of NOx, CO, CO2 and unburnt hydrocarbons (HC). Thermal destruction behavior of the surrogate waste is qualitatively observed to be enhanced with the progressive increase in temperature which also results in increased reduction of the material volume. Numerical calculations using equilibrium conditions are used to describe the experimentally observed trends for the thermal decomposition behavior of these materials. Analysis of the data reveals that composition of the waste as well as conditions under which the process of thermal destruction takes place (i.e., temperature, excess air or oxygen enrichment) and process type (combustion or pyrolysis) have significant influence on the product gas composition. The results also show significant effect of air enrichment on the distribution of species during pyrolysis and oxidative pyrolysis. These results reveal that controlled thermal destruction involving pyrolysis followed by combustion provides attractive benefits of high thermal destruction efficiency and low pollutants emission. This information can assist in developing strategies for the design and operation of thermal destruction facility.
Eccentricity Effect of a Coolant Inlet Labyrinth Seal for Turbine Wheelspace Cavities
Authors: Guo Zhou , Rhode David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The computed effects of an eccentric rotor on the mass and heat ingress through a gas turbine wheelspace rim seal have been studied using a 3-D Navier-Stokes computer code with a recent three-scale k-∈ turbulence model and orthogonal body-fitted coordinates. All compressibility and thermal/momentum interaction effects were included, as actual engine temperatures, pressures, Reynolds numbers, etc were used. The combined effects of an eccentric coolant inlet seal, in conjunction with an eccentric rim seal, were compared with the case of an eccentirc rim seal alone. It was found that heat and mass ingress into the cavity through the rim seal are not affected by the coolant/purge inlet seal eccentricity, whereas they are strongly affected by the eccentricity of the rim seal. The total heat flux through the rim seal, due to mass ingress thermal transport and turbulent heat diffusion, was examined in order to better understand this wheelspace cavity heating mechanism. It was found that the turbulent heat diffusion flux is a significant percentage of the total heat flux at small rotor eccentricity, whereas it is entirely negligible at large eccentricity.
Minimum Requisite of Mathematica for Engineering Analyses
Authors: Pao Y. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Three aspects of Mathematica applications are addressed. The first is to use the symbolic language for simple mathematical operations, such as matrix algebra, root finding, spline curve-fit, and Runge-Kutta integration. The second is about graphic applications such as drawing curves, bar graph, labeling, and up to three-dimensional, hidden-line plotting. The third and most important aspect is to use the Mathematica C-type commands to define user’s problems which the students must master in order to apply Mathematica effectively.
Elastic Stress Concentration Factors (Kt) by Stress Gradient Method Using FEA
Authors: Garg Ajay , Tetambe Ravi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The elastic stress concentration factor, Kt, is critical in determining the life of machines, especially in the case of notched components experiencing high cycle fatigue. This Kt is defined as the ratio of the maximum stress (σmax) at the notch to the nominal stress (σnom) in the region away from the notch effect. For simple geometries such as, plate with a hole, calculation of Kt from either closed form solution or from making simple but valid assumptions is possible [1,2]. However, for complex machine components such data is usually not available in the literature. Using Kt values from the simple geometries may lead to either over or under estimation of the real Kt for such complex geometries. Such error can then further lead to a substandard product or a product which is overdesigned and expensive.
Present paper outlines a methodology for computing reasonably accurate elastic stress concentration factor, Kt, using finite element analysis (FEA) tool. The maximum stress (σmax) is readily available from the finite element analysis. The nominal stress (σnom) near the stress concentration is however can not be directly extracted from the FEA results. A novel approach of estimating reasonably accurate σnom is presented in this paper. This approach is based on selecting the correct path at the stress concentration region, post processing the stress and the stress gradient results along that path and identifying the cut of point where stress concentration effect begins to take place. This methodology is first validated using two examples with known Kt and later applied to a real world problem.
Transient Response Analysis of Geometrically Nonlinear Laminated Composite Shell Structures
Authors: To Cho W. S. , Wang Bin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The investigation reported in this paper is concerned with the prediction of geometrically large nonlinear responses of laminated composite shell structures under transient excitations by employing the hybrid strain based flat triangular laminated composite shell finite element presented here. Large deformation of finite strain and finite rotation are considered. The finite element has eighteen degrees-of-freedom which encompass the important drilling degree-of-freedom at every node. It is hinged on the first order shear deformable lamination theory. Various laminated composite shell structures have been studied and for brevity only two are presented here. It is concluded that the element proposed is very accurate and efficient. Shear locking has not appeared in the results obtained thus far. There is no zero energy mode detected in the problems studied. For nonlinear dynamic response computations, the full structural system has to be considered if accurate results are required.
Using Object-Oriented Frame Language for Realizing Discrete Event Simulation
Authors: Dong Ming , Cha Jianzhong , E Mingcheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we realize knowledge-based discrete event simulation model’s representation, reasoning and implementation by means of object-oriented(OO) frame language. Firstly, a classes library of simulation models is built by using the OO frame language. And then, behaviours of simulation models can be generated by inference engines reasoning about knowledge base. Lastly, activity cycle diagrams can be used to construct simulation network logic models by connecting the components classes of simulation models. This kind of knowledge-based simulation models can effectively solve the modeling problems of complex and ill-structure systems.
General Equations of a Helical Spring With a Cup Damper and Static Verification
Authors: Wu Ming Hsun , Ho Jing Yuan , Hsu Wensyang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The general equations of motion of the helical spring with a cup damper are derived by considering the dilation of the damper and varying pitch angle of the helical spring. These dynamic equations are simplified to show to agree with other models proposed by previous investigators.
The static solution of equations and the static force-displacement relation are also derived. The extra stiffness due to the damper dilation considered in the force-displacement relation is the first such modeling in this area. A method to predict the coil clash length in compressing spring is present and verified with experimental data. Finally, the simulation results of the static force-displacement relation are shown to agree with the experiment data well.
Temperature Field Analysis of the Main Bearing of Cold Rolling Mill by Finite Element Method
Authors: Ye Xiao Qiao , Chen Zhong Ping , Lee Yuan Ke , Yu Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The temperature distribution of a 4-row tapered roller bearing in 1700mm cold rolling mill is studied by finite element analysis. A mathematical model of heat transfer and the boundary conditions of the bearing system are given. The results of temperature measurement in the bearing show a satisfactory agreement with the calculated results.
Parting Line Formation by Slicing a Trimmed Surface Model
Authors: Wong T. , Tan S. T. , Sze W. S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The parting line on a product affects the final layout of the mould blocks and hence the manufacturing efficiency. The increased usage of free-form surfaces in product design increases the burden of computer aided parting line and parting surface determination. Previous proposed algorithms may not be sufficient to deal with such situation since most of them were originally designed to deal with products having planar surfaces or simple curved surfaces. A new algorithm is proposed to deal with such situation. The algorithm adopted a recursive uneven slicing on a trimmed surface model. The method provides a quick and efficient way of locating the parting line of a product.
Updating Finite Element Model of Combined Structures on the Basis of Dynamic Test Results
Authors: Xin Chen , Ye Qin , Xiguang Yuan , Ping Zhang , Jian Sun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
According to the real situation, a new method of updating the finite element model (FEM) of a combined structure step by step is proposed in this paper. It is assumed that there are two types of error when establishing the FEMs. One of them results from the simplifications, in fact, it is severe for complicated structures, which usually assume many simplifications; the other is from the process of identifying structural joint parameters. For this reason, it is recommended that the FEM should be established in two stages. At the first stage, the local physical parameters relating with the simplifications are corrected by using the dynamic test data of the corresponding substructures. Then, the structural joint parameters that link the substructures are corrected by the dynamic test data of the combined structure as a whole. The updating formula is presented and proved, and its algorithm is also described. And the experimental results show that the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are quite satisfactory.
Using CIMOSA and Stochastic Time Petri Nets for Behaviour Modeling of CIM Systems
Authors: Dong Ming , Cha Jianzhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The integrated model of an enterprise can be built by making use of the CIMOSA modeling framework and modeling language. The behaviour analysis of the CIMOSA enterprise model can be made by the sets of procedural rules. In order to make further performance analysis of the CIMOSA enterprise model, this paper presents a systematic approach to transform the CIMOSA enterprise model into a equivalent stochastic Petri net model. The systematic approach is a hybrid Petri nets synthesis technology which integrates the “bottom-up” and “top-down” modeling approaches. The resulting Petri net obtained from this approach preserve the same qualitative properties of its original Petri net.
Strategic Genetic Algorithms to Obtain Multiple Acceptable Design
Authors: Arakawa Masao , Yamakawa Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the design process, it would be much better to give designers more and more acceptable and reasonable design candidates to derive their preferences to meet requirements of multiple high performances. In this paper, we will propose a new method, to give such acceptable design candidates based on genetic algorithms (GAs) with considering something like strategy for adaptation. GAs are search algorithms based on the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. Yet, they are no simple random walk but they efficiently exploit historical information to speculate on new search points with expected improved performance. Thus, we expect in GAs to give multiple acceptable and near optimum design candidates just like so many species in natural living things. However, in simple GAs, after specific number of generations, their populations become near one or two specific local optimum solutions. (Hoping for including global optimum solution.) In order to obtain multiple acceptable solutions, we need to perform GAs processes by keeping variations in characters of individuals. The proposed method tries to find multiple acceptable solutions by considering strategy for adaptation into GAs processes, which are food chain, strategy of foraging, death strategy and strategy of reproduction. As a numerical example, we apply the proposed method to simple multi-objective optimization and demonstrate its efficiencies.
Optimal Hierarchical Decomposition Synthesis Using Integer Programming
Authors: Krishnamachari Ramprasad S. , Papalambros Panos Y. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Decomposition synthesis in optimal design is the process of creating an optimal design model by selecting objectives and constraints so that it can be directly partitioned into an appropriate decomposed form. Such synthesis results are not unique since there may be many partitions that satisfy the decomposition requirements. Introducing suitable criteria an optimal decomposition synthesis process can be defined in a manner analogous to optimal partitioning formulations. The article presents an integer programming formulation and solution techniques for synthesizing hierarchically decomposed optimal design problems. Examples for designing a pressure vessel, an automotive caliper disc brake and a speed reducer are also presented.