bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hysteretic hERG Channel Gating Current Recorded At Physiological Temperature
Authors: Jones David Kelly 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cardiac hERG channels comprise at least two subunits, hERG 1a and hERG 1b, and drive cardiac action potential repolarization. hERG 1a subunits contain a cytoplasmic PAS domain that is absent in hERG 1b. The hERG 1a PAS domain regulates voltage sensor domain (VSD) movement, but hERG VSD behavior and its regulation by the hERG 1a PAS domain have not been studied at physiological temperatures. We recorded gating charge from homomeric hERG 1a and heteromeric hERG 1a/1b channels at near physiological temperatures (36 ± 1°C) using pulse durations comparable in length to the human ventricular action potential. The voltage dependence of deactivation was hyperpolarized relative to activation, reflecting VSD relaxation at positive potentials. These data suggest that relaxation (hysteresis) works to delay pore closure during repolarization. Interestingly, hERG 1a VSD deactivation displayed a double Boltzmann distribution, but hERG 1a/1b deactivation displayed a single Boltzmann. Disabling the hERG1a PAS domain using a PAS-targeting antibody similarly transformed hERG 1a deactivation from a double to a single Boltzmann, highlighting the contribution of the PAS in regulating VSD movement. These data represent, to our knowledge, the first recordings of hERG gating charge at physiological temperature and demonstrate that VSD relaxation (hysteresis) is present in hERG channels at physiological temperature.
Neuroprotective Effects of a Combined Therapy With Memantine, Donepezil and Vitamin D in Ovariectomized Female Mice Subjected to Dementia Model
Authors: Vieira Ana Daniela Coutinho , Medeiros Eduarda Behenck , Zabot Gabriel Casagrande , Pereira Nathalia de Souza , Nascimento Natália Baltazar do , Lidio Adrielly Vargas , Scheffer Ândrea Kohlrausch , Rempel Lisienny Campoli Tono , Macarini Bárbara Machado Naspolini , Kucharska Ewa , Rodrigues Matheus Scarpatto , Moreira José Cláudio Fonseca , de Oliveira Jade , Budni Josiane 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The postmenopausal period is characterized by a decrease in the hormonal supply which is associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Vitamin D is neuroprotective and can be used in combination with pre-existing medications to improve its effects. The objective was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D associated with memantine and donepezil in female mice submitted to ovariectomy (OVX) for 5 months and subjected to an AD-induced dementia model. Animals were divided into 5 groups who received 17 days of treatment and were subjected to behavioral tests. The animals underwent euthanasia at 18th day. OVX groups exhibit reduced levels of E2 and triple treatment group had high levels of vitamin D. The induction of dementia with OVX induced short- and long-term spatial and habituation memories damage. Also, induced reduction of BDNF and IL-4 levels in hippocampus, and increasing levels of TNFα in hippocampus and of IL-1β in hippocampus and frontal cortex of animals, as well as a significant increase on GFAP immunoreactivity. Triple-association treatment reversed the effects of long-term spatial and habituation memories damage, as well as reversed changes in TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4 and GFAP immunoreactivity levels in hippocampus of treated animals. Therapeutic association has beneficial effects on memory and inflammation parameters in female mice subjected to OVX and the AD animal model of dementia.
TLR4 Inhibitor Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Organ Failure by Inhibiting Platelet Mtros Production, Autophagy, and Gpiib/Iiia Expression
Authors: Li Ying , Feng Guo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Thrombocytopenia and impaired platelet aggregation are associated with sepsis-induced organ failure. Many studies have shown that mitochondrial ROS, autophagy is related to organ injury in sepsis. However, the relationship between them is unknown. Here, we explored whether Toll Like Receptor 4 inhibitor alleviates sepsis organ failure by inhibiting platelet mitochondrial ROS production, autophagy, and GPIIb/IIIa expression. We found Toll Like Receptor 4 inhibitor TAK242 alleviated LPS-induced acute kidney and lung injury and decrease platelet activation in a mouse model of sepsis mice. In vitro study, inhibiting Toll Like Receptor 4 reduced inward flow of Ca2+ and decreased endogenous mitochondrial ROS production in platelets treated with LPS, and TAK242 inhibited autophagy and NOX expression in LPS treated platelets. Thus, we supposed that Toll Like Receptor 4 inhibitor effectively alleviate lung and kidney injury in a mouse model of sepsis induced by LPS and its effects are related to the inhibition of mouse platelets GPIIb/IIIa, and also can reduce LPS-induced mitochondrial ROS generation related to Ca2+ influx, thus reducing platelet activation. LPS can induce platelet autophagy by generating mitochondrial ROS, which may be the pathophysiological mechanism of organ injury in sepsis.
Efficacy and Safety of VNS Therapy or Continued Medication Management for Treatment of Adults with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Conry Joan , Batson Sarah , Mitchell Stephen , Shankar Rohit , Boggs Jane , Radtke Rodney , Barion Francesca , Murphy Joanna , Danielson Vanessa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) Therapy® is an adjunctive neurostimulation treatment for people withdrug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) who are unwilling to undergo resective surgery, have had unsuccessfulsurgery or are unsuitable for surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted todetermine the treatment effects of VNS Therapy as an adjunct to anti-seizure medications (ASMs) forthe management of adults with DRE.A literature search was performed in August 2020 of the Medline®, Medline® Epub Ahead of Print,Embase, and the Cochrane library databases. Outcomes examined included reduction in seizurefrequency, seizure freedom, ASM load, discontinuations, and serious adverse events (SAEs).Comparators included best medical practice, ASMs, low-stimulation or sham VNS Therapy.Four RCTs and six comparative observational studies were identified for inclusion. Against comparators,individuals treated with VNS had a significantly better odds of experiencing a ≥50% reduction in seizurefrequency (OR: 2.27 [95% CI: 1.47, 3.51]; p=0.0002), a ≥75% reduction in seizure frequency (OR: 3.56[95% CI: 1.59, 7.98]; p=0.002) and a reduced risk for increased ASM load (risk ratio: 0.36 [95% CI: 0.21,0.62]; p=0.0002). There was no difference in the odds of discontinuation or the rate of SAEs betweenVNS versus comparators.This meta-analysis demonstrated the benefits of VNS Therapy in people with DRE, which includedimprovement in seizure frequency without an increase in the rate of SAEs or discontinuations, therebysupporting the consideration of VNS Therapy for people who are not responding to ASMs and thoseunsuitable or unwilling to undergo surgery.
Energy Reduction with Application of Shaft in Water Supply Systems
Authors: Ghorpade Anujkumar , Sinha Abhishek kumar , Kalbar Pradip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A Water Transmission Network (WTN) conveying raw water from a source to the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is often pumped supply. Pumped supply-based networks have more energy consumption, water hammer, and high operation and maintenance compared to gravity systems. The present study reports the application of a Shaft in WTN for improving the efficiency of the pumping system. The Shaft is a hydraulic isolation structure based on a similar hydraulic principle as Break Pressure Tank (BPT). The benefits of using Shaft are quantified based on the two case studies from Maharashtra, India. The impact of Shaft on the WTN is reported using energy grade lines, energy performance indicators, and life cycle energy cost. In addition to the reduction in energy consumption, from the case studies, it is shown that the system’s carrying capacity could be increased by using the Shaft at an appropriate location in WTN. Overall, a Shaft provides operational flexibility to the operators, improving the efficiency of the system.
Heat Stress Prevented the Biomass and Yield Stimulation Caused by Elevated CO2 in Two Well-Watered Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Chavan Sachin G. , Duursma Remko A. , Tausz Michael , Ghannoum Oula 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To investigate the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and heat stress (HS), we grew two contrasting wheat cultivars, early-maturing Scout and high-tillering Yitpi, under non-limiting water and nutrients at ambient (aCO2, 450 ppm) or elevated (eCO2, 650 ppm) CO2 and 22°C in the glasshouse. Plants were exposed to two 3-day HS cycles at the vegetative (38.1°C) and/or flowering (33.5°C) stage. At aCO2, both wheat cultivars showed similar responses of photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance to temperature and produced similar grain yield. Relative to aCO2, eCO2 enhanced photosynthesis rate and reduced stomatal conductance and maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax). During HS, high temperature stimulated photosynthesis at eCO2 in both cultivars, while eCO2 stimulated photosynthesis in Scout. Electron transport rate (Jmax) was unaffected by any treatment. eCO2 equally enhanced biomass and grain yield of both cultivars in control, but not HS, plants. HS reduced biomass and yield of Scout at eCO2. Yitpi, the cultivar with higher grain nitrogen, underwent a trade-off between grain yield and nitrogen. In conclusion, eCO2 improved photosynthesis of control and HS wheat, and improved biomass and grain yield of control plants only. Under well-watered conditions, HS was not detrimental to photosynthesis or growth but precluded a yield response to eCO2.
OptiDepthNet : A Real-time Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation Network
Authors: Wei Feng , Yin XingHui , Shen Jie , Wang HuiBin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the development of depth learning, the accuracy and effect of the algorithm applied to monocular depth estimation have been greatly improved, but the existing algorithms need a lot of computing resources. At present, how to apply the existing algorithms to UAV and its small robot is an urgent need.Based on full convolution neural network and Kitti dataset, this paper uses deep separable convolution to optimize the network architecture, reduce training parameters and improve computing speed. Experimental results show that our method is very effective and has a certain reference value in the development direction of monocular depth estimation algorithm.
Interactive Assessments of CT (IACT): Digital Interactive Logic Puzzles to Assess Computational Thinking in Grades 3–8
Authors: Rowe Elizabeth , Asbell-Clarke Jodi , Almeda Ma. Victoria , Gasca Santiago , Edwards Teon , Bardar Erin , Shute Valerie , Ventura Matthew 
Published: December 2021

Background and Context: The Inclusive Assessment of Computational Thinking (CT) designed for accessibility and learner variability was studied in over 50 classes in US schools (grades 3-8).
Objective: The validation studies of IACT sampled thousands of students to establish IACT’s construct and concurrent validity as well as test-retest reliability.
Method: IACT items for each CT practice were correlated to examine construct validity. The CT pre-measures were correlated with post-measures to examine test-retest reliability. The CT post-measures were correlated with external measures to examine concurrent validity.
Findings: IACT studies showed moderate evidence of test-retest reliability and concurrent validity and low to moderate evidence of construct validity for an aggregated measure of CT, but weaker validity and reliability evidence for individual CT practices. These findings were similar for students with and without IEPs or 504s.
Implications: IACT is the first CT tool for grades 3-8 that has been validated in a large-scale study among students with and without IEPs or 504s. While improvements are needed for stronger validity, it is a promising start.
Silibinin and Nano-silibinin in Cuprizone Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Behavioral and Biochemical Investigation
Authors: Ahmadi Yasin , Mahboobian Mohammad Mehdi , Mohammadi Mojdeh 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-lasting demyelinating inflammatory disease
of the central nervous system (CNS). It has been shown that brain tissue in MS is exposed to
oxidative stress during the disease period. Silymarin, a plant-derived flavonoid, can be extracted
from Silybum marianum. The current experiment aimed to explore the effects of silibinin and especially
nano-silibinin on neurobehavioral activity and biochemical antioxidant parameters in the
cuprizone model of demyelination in mice for the first time.

Methods:
Demyelination was induced in mice by oral consumption of cuprizone 0.4%w/w for one
week and then 0.2%w/w for four weeks. Treatment was performed with silibinin or nano-silibinin
(70mg/kg body weight) for four weeks at the same time with cuprizone 0.2%w/w. After neurobehavioral
tests (rotarod, tail flick, and open field), biochemical antioxidant parameters (glutathione
level, superoxide dismutase activity, lipid peroxidation products, and total antioxidant capacity)
were evaluated.

Results:
In this experiment, behavioral tests (rotarod and open field) displayed improvement in
movement dysfunction using silibinin or nano-silibinin. Furthermore, silibinin and more efficiently
nano-silibinin increased antioxidant parameters, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione
(GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and decreased lipid peroxidation.

Conclusion:
These data suggest that silibinin and nano-silibinin can improve movements in the
cuprizone model of demyelination. Moreover, they may prevent cuprizone-induced oxidative
stress. In conclusion, silibinin and more effectively, nano-silibinin, may exhibit therapeutic features
in MS disease.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Mutations on Global Travel and the Increasing Number of Re-Infections: A Risk-Assessment Perspective
Authors: Wani Shahid Ud Din , Gautam Surya Prakash , Ali Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has stunned the world owing to the surreal, unprecedented, and completely unbelievable manner in which it has spread globally within a short span of time. This spread has led to the common combination of variety and has promoted the passage of species blockade and genetic combination of these types of viruses. Despite the short history of the COVID-19 outbreak, with its global spread and frequent mutations, it has impacted the whole world and has become a worrying threat to the society. Scientific reports have disclosed that members of the coronavirus family, such as SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and HKU1 have infected the humans earlier too and that mutations in these viruses have resulted in the more complex severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the present review, we have discussed how scientists keep track of the genetic tweaks to SARS-CoV-2 as it spreads globally.Currently, the only way to prevent more such outbreaks is maintaining social distancing, adhering to the World Health Organization guidelines and de-globalizing the world. Genetic variations/mutations reported to date in coronaviruses hint at their cryptic spread.Scientists are scouring the viral genome for mutations that might reveal how dangerous the pathogen is or how fast it spreads. Cases have been documented in almost all countries, and the mutations in the virus have created problems for the researchers in formulating effective vaccines. Furthermore, global travel has been severely affected after the new mutants have been detected. Therefore, more scientific investigations are necessary to understand how SARS-CoV-2 is likely to mutate in the future.
Identifikasi risiko malnutrisi dan evaluasi status nutrisi pasien kanker anak dengan pengobatan kemoterapi
Authors: Santosa Agus , Mulatsih Sri , Susetyowati Susetyowati 
Published: December 2021

Identification of malnutritional risk and nutrition status evaluation of pediatric cancer patients with chemotherapy treatmentBackground: Hospitalized childhood cancer patients had a high risk for malnutrition, either caused by the disease or effects of cancer treatment. Malnutrition in cancer patients gives negative impacts on treatment outcomes in the form of increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Nutrition screening for identifying malnutrition risks could prevent malnutrition in hospitals.Objectives: Investigating the influence of malnutrition risk during hospitalization on the changes in the nutritional status of childhood cancer patients with chemotherapy treatment. Methods: This research was observational research with the nested case-control design. The research subjects were childhood cancer patients aged 2-18 years old meeting the inclusion criteria. They were 64 in number consisting of the case group involving 32 patients and a control group involving the rest. During hospitalization, analyses of nutritional intake, change in body weight, nutritional status, and hospitalization period. Furthermore, the analyses of the influence of malnutrition risk on the outcome between those two groups were then compared. Results: There was a significant influence of malnutrition risk on less energy intake (p<0.001), less protein intake (p=0.002), weight loss >2% (p<0.001), poor nutritional status based on the BMI/U (p=0.011), and longer hospitalization (p=0.034). The group of patients with malnutrition risks had risks of 15.5 (CI 95%: 3.991-63.359) times higher for less energy intake, 6.12 (CI 95%: 1.675-24.906) times higher for less protein intake, and 45.3 (CI 95%: 5.666-1940.768) times higher for weight loss > 2% than the group of patients without malnutrition risks.Conclusions: Patients with a significant risk of malnutrition had less energy and protein intake, weight loss > 2%, poor nutritional status based on BMI/U, and longer hospitalization.
Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan
Authors: Astuti Ari Tri , Hadi Hamam , Julia Madarina 
Published: December 2021

Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice among infants aged 0-6 months in Timor Tengah Selatan DistrictBackground: The health profile of Indonesia in 2018 indicated only 68,74% of infants were exclusively breastfed. East Nusa Tenggara is one of the provinces with lower exclusive breastfeeding coverage than national data in 2018 with only 52,67%. A survey in Timor Tengah Selatan district showed that exclusive breastfeeding also decreased from 2015 and 2016 which was 63.3% to 59.1%. Several factors have been known to be associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice, such as mother’s education and occupation, household expenditure, antenatal care history, and husband’s support.Objective: To identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice among infants aged 0-6 months in Timor Selatan District, East Nusa Tenggara province.Methods: An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 155 lactating mothers of infants aged 0-6 months. The secondary data from "Study on behavioral analysis and food consumption/dietary practices among children under five, elementary school-age children, pregnant and lactating mother in Timor Tengah Selatan District of East Nusa Tenggara Province” were used. Raw data were collected in July 2012 in Amanuban Barat and Kie subdistrict, Timor Tengah Selatan. The data were analyzed in July-December 2014 using Chi-Square and logistic regression test. Results: Household expenditure, antenatal care location, and subdistrict associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice (p<0.05). Lactating mothers who did prenatal care at primary health care/primary health care satellite/hospital were 3.51 times more likely to breastfeed exclusively (OR=3.51; 95%CI: 1.03-11.9). Household expenditure (OR=0.27; 95%CI: 0.09-0.84) and subdistrict (OR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.05-0.71) had protective effect.Conclusions: A significant association was found between exclusive breastfeeding practice and household expenditure, antenatal care location, and the subdistrict in Timor Tengah Selatan district.
Vascular Access Teams: A Global Outlook on Challenges, Benefits, Opportunities, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Morrow Shonda , DeBoer Erica , Potter Christopher , Gala Smeet , Alsbrooks Kimberly 
Published: December 2021

Highlights

Abstract

Background:
Specialized vascular access training for medical professionals organized into vascular access teams (VATs) was shown to improve patient outcomes, clinical efficiency, and cost savings. Professional perspectives on VAT benefits, organization, challenges, and opportunities on a global scale remain inadequately explored. Using detailed perspectives, in this study, we explored the global VAT landscape, including challenges faced, clinical and clinico-economic impacts of VATs, with emphasis on underresearched facets of VAT initiation, data dissemination, and metrics or benchmarks for VAT success.

Methods:
Semistructured in-depth interviews of 14 VAT professionals from 9 countries and 5 continents were used to elicit qualitative and quantitative information.

Results:
Catheter insertions (100%) and training (86%) were the most performed VAT functions. Based on a 1–7 scale evaluating observed impacts of VATs, patient satisfaction (6.5) and institutional costs (6.2) were ranked the highest. VAT co-initiatives, advanced technology utilization (6.6), and ongoing member training (6.3) distinctly impacted VAT endeavors. Most institutions (64%) did not have routine mechanisms for recording VAT-related data; however, all participants (100%) stated the importance of sharing data to demonstrate VAT impacts. Time constraints (57%) emerged as one of the major deterrents to data collection or dissemination. The majority (64%) experienced an increased demand or workload for VAT services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:
Despite the global variances in VATs and gaps in VAT-related data, all participants unanimously endorsed the benefits of VAT programs. Evaluating the impact of VATs, disseminating VAT-related data, and forging specialized institutional partnerships for data sharing and training are potential strategies to tackle the hurdles surrounding VAT formation and sustenance.