bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Pathology Patterns in Persons Who Died From COVID-19 in Italy: A National Study Based on Death Certificates
Authors: Grippo Francesco , Grande Enrico , Maraschini Alice , Navarra Simone , Pappagallo Marilena , Marchetti Stefano , Crialesi Roberta , Frova Luisa , Orsi Chiara , Simeoni Silvia , Carinci Annamaria , Loreto Giuseppe , Donfrancesco Chiara , Lo Noce Cinzia , Palmieri Luigi , Andrianou Xanthi , Urdiales Alberto Mateo , Onder Graziano , Minelli Giada ,   Italian National Institute of Health COVID-19 Mortality Group
Published: March 2021

Background: In Italy, during the first epidemic wave of 2020, the peak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality was reached at the end of March. Afterward, a progressive reduction was observed until much lower figures were reached during the summer, resulting from the contained circulation of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to determine if and how the pathological patterns of the individuals deceased from COVID-19 changed during the phases of epidemic waves in terms of: (i) main cause of death, (ii) comorbidities, and (iii) complications related to death.Methods: Death certificates of persons who died and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, provided by the National Surveillance system, were coded according to ICD rev10. Deaths due to COVID-19 were defined as those in which COVID-19 was the underlying cause of death.Results: The percentage of COVID-19 deaths varied over time. It decreased in the downward phase of the epidemic curve (76.6 vs. 88.7%). In February–April 2020, hypertensive heart disease was mentioned as a comorbidity in 18.5% of death certificates, followed by diabetes (15.9% of cases), ischemic heart disease (13.1%), and neoplasms (12.1%). In May–September, the most frequent comorbidity was neoplasms (17.3% of cases), followed by hypertensive heart disease (14.9%), diabetes (14.8%), and dementia/Alzheimer's disease (11.9%). The most mentioned complications in both periods were pneumonia and respiratory failure with a frequency far higher than any other condition (78.4% in February–April 2020 and 63.7% in May–September 2020).Discussion: The age of patients dying from COVID-19 and their disease burden increased in the May–September 2020 period. A more serious disease burden was observed in this period, with a significantly higher frequency of chronic pathologies. Our study suggests better control of the virus' lethality in the second phase of the epidemic, when the health system was less burdened. Moreover, COVID-19 care protocols had been created in hospitals, and knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 had improved, potentially leading to more accurate diagnosis and better treatment. All these factors may have improved survival in patients with COVID-19 and led to a shift in mortality to older, more vulnerable, and complex patients.
Comparison of the Impact of Zika and Dengue Virus Infection, and Other Acute Illnesses of Unidentified Origin on Cognitive Functions in a Prospective Cohort in Chiapas Mexico
Authors: Belaunzarán-Zamudio Pablo F. , Ortega-Villa Ana M. , Mimenza-Alvarado Alberto J. , Guerra-De-Blas Paola Del Carmen , Aguilar-Navarro Sara G. , Sepúlveda-Delgado Jesús , Hunsberger Sally , Salgado Raydel Valdés , Ramos-Castañeda José , Rincón León Héctor Armando , Rodríguez de La Rosa Paul , Nájera Cancino José Gabriel , Beigel John , Caballero Sosa Sandra , Ruiz Hernández Emilia , Powers John H. , Ruiz-Palacios Guillermo M. , Lane Clifford 
Published: March 2021

Zika has been associated with a variety of severe neurologic manifestations including meningitis and encephalitis. We hypothesized that it may also cause mild to subclinical neurocognitive alterations during acute infection or over the long term. In this observational cohort study, we explored whether Zika cause subclinical or mild neurocognitive alterations, estimate its frequency and duration, and compare it to other acute illnesses in a cohort of people with suspected Zika infection, in the region of Tapachula in Chiapas, Mexico during 2016–2018. We enrolled patients who were at least 12 years old with suspected Zika virus infection and followed them up for 6 months. During each visit participants underwent a complete clinical exam, including a screening test for neurocognitive dysfunction (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score). We enrolled 406 patients [37 with Zika, 73 with dengue and 296 with other acute illnesses of unidentified origin (AIUO)]. We observed a mild and transient impact over cognitive functions in patients with Zika, dengue and with other AIUO. The probability of having an abnormal MoCA score (&lt;26 points) was significantly higher in patients with Zika and AIUO than in those with dengue. Patients with Zika and AIUO had lower memory scores than patients with dengue (Zika vs. Dengue: −0.378, 95% CI−0.678 to −0.078; p = 0.014: Zika vs. AIUO 0.264, 95% CI 0.059, 0.469; p = 0.012). The low memory performance in patients with Zika and AIUO accounts for most of the differences in the overall MoCA score when compared with patients with dengue. Our results show a decrease in cognitive function during acute illness and provides no evidence to support the hypothesis that Zika might cause neurocognitive alterations longer than the period of acute infection or different to other infectious diseases. While effects on memory or perhaps other cognitive functions over the long term are possible, larger studies using more refined tools for neurocognitive functioning assessment are needed to identify these.Trial Registration: NCT02831699.
Combination of Quantitative MRI Fat Fraction and Texture Analysis to Evaluate Spastic Muscles of Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Akinci D'Antonoli Tugba , Santini Francesco , Deligianni Xeni , Garcia Alzamora Meritxell , Rutz Erich , Bieri Oliver , Brunner Reinald , Weidensteiner Claudia 
Published: March 2021

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disability in childhood. Muscle pathologies occur due to spasticity and contractures; therefore, diagnostic imaging to detect pathologies is often required. Imaging has been used to assess torsion or estimate muscle volume, but additional methods for characterizing muscle composition have not thoroughly been investigated. MRI fat fraction (FF) measurement can quantify muscle fat and is often a part of standard imaging in neuromuscular dystrophies. To date, FF has been used to quantify muscle fat and assess function in CP. In this study, we aimed to utilize a radiomics and FF analysis along with the combination of both methods to differentiate affected muscles from healthy ones.Materials and Methods: A total of 9 patients (age range 8–15 years) with CP and 12 healthy controls (age range 9–16 years) were prospectively enrolled (2018–2020) after ethics committee approval. Multi-echo Dixon acquisition of the calf muscles was used for FF calculation. The images of the second echo (TE = 2.87 ms) were used for feature extraction from the soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was employed for feature selection. RM, FF model (FFM), and combined model (CM) were built for each calf muscle. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and their respective area under the curve (AUC) values were used to evaluate model performance.Results: In total, the affected legs of 9 CP patients and the dominant legs of 12 healthy controls were analyzed. The performance of RM for soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, and gastrocnemius lateralis (AUC 0.92, 0.92, 0.82, respectively) was better than the FFM (AUC 0.88, 0.85, 0.69, respectively). The combination of both models always had a better performance than RM or FFM (AUC 0.95, 0.93, 0.83). FF was higher in the patient group (FFS 9.1%, FFGM 8.5%, and FFGL 10.2%) than control group (FFS 3.3%, FFGM 4.1%, FFGL 6.6%).Conclusion: The combination of MRI quantitative fat fraction analysis and texture analysis of muscles is a promising tool to evaluate muscle pathologies due to CP in a non-invasive manner.
Alterations of Regional Homogeneity in Preschool Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Lan Zhihong , Xu Shoujun , Wu Yunfan , Xia Likun , Hua Kelei , Li Meng , Liu Mengchen , Yin Yi , Li Chunlong , Huang Shumei , Feng Ying , Jiang Guihua , Wang Tianyue 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThe study was aimed at investigating the alterations of local spontaneous brain activity in preschool boys with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).MethodsBased on regional homogeneity (ReHo), the acquired resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data sets, which included 86 boys with ASD and 54 typically developing (TD) boys, were used to detect regional brain activity. Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between abnormal ReHo value and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), developmental quotient, and age.ResultsIn the ASD group, we found increased ReHo in the right calcarine as well as decreased ReHo in the opercular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left middle temporal gyrus, the left angular gyrus, and the right medial orbital frontal cortex (p &lt; 0.05, false discovery rate correction). We did not find a correlation between the results of brain regions and the CARS, ABC, and age.ConclusionsOur study found spontaneous activity changes in multiple brain regions, especially the visual and language-related areas of ASD, that may help to further understand the clinical characteristics of boys with ASD.
Multispectral Imaging for Metallic Biopsy Marker Detection During MRI-Guided Breast Biopsy: A Feasibility Study for Clinical Translation
Authors: Eskreis-Winkler Sarah , Simon Katherine , Reichman Melissa , Spincemaille Pascal , Nguyen Thanh D. , Christos Paul J. , Drotman Michele , Prince Martin R. , Pinker Katja , Sutton Elizabeth J. , Morris Elizabeth A. , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo assess the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of multispectral MRI (MSI) in the detection and localization of biopsy markers during MRI-guided breast biopsy.MethodsThis prospective study included 20 patients undergoing MR-guided breast biopsy. In 10 patients (Group 1), MSI was acquired following tissue sampling and biopsy marker deployment. In the other 10 patients (Group 2), MSI was acquired following tissue sampling but before biopsy marker deployment (to simulate deployment failure). All patients received post-procedure mammograms. Group 1 and Group 2 designations, in combination with the post-procedure mammogram, served as the reference standard. The diagnostic performance of MSI for biopsy marker identification was independently evaluated by two readers using two-spectral-bin MR and one-spectral-bin MR. The κ statistic was used to assess inter-rater agreement for biopsy marker identification.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of biopsy marker detection for readers 1 and 2 using 2-bin MSI were 90.0% (9/10) and 90.0% (9/10), 100.0% (10/10) and 100.0% (10/10), 95.0% (19/20) and 95.0% (19/20); and using 1-bin MSI were 70.0% (7/10) and 80.0% (8/10), 100.0% (8/8) and 100.0% (10/10), 85.0% (17/20) and 90.0% (18/20). Positive predictive value was 100% for both readers for all numbers of bins. Inter-rater agreement was excellent: κ was 1.0 for 2-bin MSI and 0.81 for 1-bin MSI.ConclusionMSI is a feasible, diagnostically accurate technique for identifying metallic biopsy markers during MRI-guided breast biopsy and may eliminate the need for a post-procedure mammogram.
Improving the Prediction of Benign or Malignant Breast Masses Using a Combination of Image Biomarkers and Clinical Parameters
Authors: Cui Yanhua , Li Yun , Xing Dong , Bai Tong , Dong Jiwen , Zhu Jian 
Published: March 2021

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in female cancer patients. The disease can be detected early using Mammography, an effective X-ray imaging technology. The most important step in mammography is the classification of mammogram patches as benign or malignant. Classically, benign or malignant breast tumors are diagnosed by radiologists' interpretation of mammograms based on clinical parameters. However, because masses are heterogeneous, clinical parameters supply limited information on mammography mass. Therefore, this study aimed to predict benign or malignant breast masses using a combination of image biomarkers and clinical parameters.Methods: We trained a deep learning (DL) fusion network of VGG16 and Inception-V3 network in 5,996 mammography images from the training cohort; DL features were extracted from the second fully connected layer of the DL fusion network. We then developed a combined model incorporating DL features, hand-crafted features, and clinical parameters to predict benign or malignant breast masses. The prediction performance was compared between clinical parameters and the combination of the above features. The strengths of the clinical model and the combined model were subsequently validated in a test cohort (n = 244) and an external validation cohort (n = 100), respectively.Results: Extracted features comprised 30 hand-crafted features, 27 DL features, and 5 clinical features (shape, margin type, breast composition, age, mass size). The model combining the three feature types yielded the best performance in predicting benign or malignant masses (AUC = 0.961) in the test cohort. A significant difference in the predictive performance between the combined model and the clinical model was observed in an independent external validation cohort (AUC: 0.973 vs. 0.911, p = 0.019).Conclusion: The prediction of benign or malignant breast masses improves when image biomarkers and clinical parameters are combined; the combined model was more robust than clinical parameters alone.
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH WITHIN THE 100-YEAR HISTORY OF NWDFGMRI RAS: MILESTONES, TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: ТЕРЕБОВА С.В. , АБРАМОВА Н.И. , ГУСАРОВ И.В. , ВАХРУШЕВА В.В. 
Published: March 2021

Сельскохозяйственное производство страны определяет условия поддержания жизнедеятельности общества и потому имеет особое значение. При этом обеспечение продовольственной безопасности страны невозможно без внедрения в отрасли достижений научно-технического прогресса. Огромная роль в этом принадлежит профильным научным учреждениям, в числе которых Северо-Западный научно-исследовательский институт молочного и лугопастбищного хозяйства — обособленное подразделение ФГБУН «Вологодский научный центр РАН». В 2021 году институт отмечает 100-летний юбилей. Цель статьи — показать вклад и значение аграрных исследований института в развитие отечественной сельскохозяйственной науки и совершенствование технологий сельскохозяйственного производства. В публикации представлен ретроспективный взгляд на становление аграрных исследований в СЗНИИМЛПХ, основы которых были заложены в начале ХХ века и продолжают совершенствоваться по сегодняшний день. Дано краткое описание основных исторических этапов формирования и преобразований института. Показан вклад выдающихся ученых в его становление, ключевая роль среди которых принадлежит Алексею Степановичу Емельянову, руководившему институтом почти 50 лет. Дана информация об основных направлениях исследований СЗНИИМЛПХ. Раскрываются перспективы развития его в современных условиях. Изложены наиболее значимые достижения сотрудников.
National agricultural production defines the conditions for the society to maintain its existence and therefore is especially important. However, the providing of national food security is dependent on advances in agriculture brought by scientific progress and technological change. A crucial role in this process is played by sectoral scientific institutions including the Northwestern Dairy Farming and Grassland Management Research Institute — Detached Unit of FSBIS «Vologodskiy Scientific Center of the RAS». In 2021 the institute celebrates its 100th anniversary. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the contribution and the significance of the institute's agricultural studies to the development of the national agricultural science and the improvement of agricultural production technologies. The paper presents a retrospective view on the formation of the agricultural studies at NWDFGMRI. Their framework was established in the beginning of the 20th century, and even today it still continues improving. The authors briefly describe the milestones of the history of the institute in respect of its creation and transformations. They also demonstrate the contribution of the eminent scientists to its formation and the key role of Alexey Stepanovich Yemelyanov who was the head of the institute for almost 50 years. In addition, the article describes the main research directions of NWDFGMRI, discusses the prospects of its development in the modern conditions and reports the most significant achievements of the researchers.
LOCALIZATION OF MITOCHONDRIA IN DONOR OOCYTES OBTAINED FROM COW OVARIES POST MORTEM
Authors: КУЗЬМИНА Т.И. , ЧИСТЯКОВА И.В. 
Published: March 2021

Проведен сравнительный морфофункциональный мониторинг популяции донорских ооцитов, выделенных из яичников коров post mortem на разных стадиях овариального цикла, с учетом статуса хроматина и интрацитоплазматической локализации митохондрий ооцит-кумулюсных комплексов. Анализу подвергались ооциты, полученные из антральных фолликулов (Ø 2—6 мм), окруженные не менее, чем 5—6 слоями клеток кумулюса. Показано, что 45% и 50% ооцитов, выделенных из яичников на стадии фолликулярного роста и развитого жёлтого тела, соответственно, имеют периферическую локализацию митохондрий в ооплазме. Доля созревших ооцитов с периферической и равномерной локализацией митохондрий на момент аспирации их из яичников составила 88 и 85% соответственно, а уровень созревших ооцитов в группе с кластерным типом локализации достиг лишь 66%. В группе ооцитов с кластерной локализацией митохондрий отмечен высокий уровень ооцитов с дегенерированным хроматином после 24 ч культивирования (90%) по сравнению с группами с периферической и равномерной локализацией митохондрий (2 и 41% соответственно, P < 0,001). Ооциты с периферической локализацией митохондрий характеризовались гомогенной ооплазмой (58%). Гаметы с кластерным распределением митохондрий в основном имели гетерогенную ооплазму (52%), а клетки с равномерным распределением — гомо- и гетерогенную ооплазму (29 и 36% соответственно).
A comparative monitoring of the population of cow donor oocytes isolated from ovaries at different stages of the ovarian cycle was carried out, the chromatin status and the intracytoplasmic localization of mitochondria of oocyte-cumulus complexes were evaluated. Oocytes obtained from antral follicles (Ø 2-6 mm) were analyzed. Gametes were cultured at a temperature of 38.5°C, in an atmosphere with 5% CO2, 90% humidity for 24 hours in T-199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 106 granulosa cells/ml, 50 ng/ml bovine prolactin. Mitochondria were visualized with using of vital dye rhodamine 123, the chromatin status was assessed by Tarkowski`s cytogenetic method. It was demonstrated that 45% and 50% of oocytes isolated from the ovaries in the stage of follicular growth and developed corpus luteum had a peripheral localization of mitochondria in ooplasm. The proportion of mature oocytes with the peripheral and spread localizations of mitochondria were 88% and 85%, respectively, while the maturation rate of oocytes with the mitochondrial clusters reached only 66%. Among oocytes with cluster distribution of mitochondria a high percent of cells with signs of chromatin degeneration after 24 h culture was noted (90%) compared with groups of oocutes with peripheral and spread distribution (2% and 41%, respectively, P<0,001). Oocytes with the peripheral localization of mitochondria were characterised by homogeneous ooplasm (58%). Gametes with the clusters mostly had a heterogeneous ooplasm (52%), and cells with the spread distribution – homo- and heterogeneous ooplasm (29% and 36%, respectively).
Diyabet Bakımında Ebeveyn İzleminin Adölesanlarda Tedaviye Uyum Ve Metabolik Parametrelere Etkisi
Authors: AVAN Hakan 
Published: March 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Çalışma, diyabet bakımında ebeveyn izlemenin ergenlerde tedaviye ve metabolik parametrelere uyum üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Gaziantep Çocuk Hastanesi Endokrinoloji Polikliniğinde takip edilen 132 Tip 1 diyabetli ergenin yanı sıra ebeveynleri ile yürütüldü. Veriler Ekim 2016 and Mayıs 2017 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Verilerin toplanmasında“ “Kişisel Özellikler İçin Bilgi Formu” ve “Ebeveyn İzleme Ölçeği” kullanıldı. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi için SPSS 21.0 paket yazılımı kullanıldı. Araştırmanın yürütülmesi için etik kurul ve kurum izni alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan ergenlerin %65,9'unun erkek, %81,1'inin HbA1c düzeyi ≥7,5, %43,4'ünün açlık glikoz düzeyi ≥ 180 ve Ebeveyn İzleme Ölçeği puan ortalamalarının 108,20± 19.55 olduğu tespit edildi. Kadınların HbA1c değerlerinin erkeklerin HbA1c değerlerinden düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir (p
DEXA Çekimlerinde Tc-99m Radyonüklidinin Gama Işınlarının Kemik Mineral Yoğunluğu Ölçümlerine Etkisi: Fantom Çalışması
Authors: İPEK IŞIKCI Nazenin , DEMİR, PH.D. Mustafa 
Published: March 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışmada, aynı gün içinde aynı hastaya kemik sintigrafisi ve kemik yoğunluğu ölçümlerinin yapılabilme koşullarının araştırılması amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çift X-ışınlı Absopsiyometri (DEXA) çekimlerinde, lomber L1-L4 vertebraları taklit eden DEXA kalite kontrol fantomu ve içi su dolu bir tank kullanıldı. Su tankı içine 0.5-4.5 mCi (37-166.5 MBq) arasında değişen aktivite miktarlarında Tc-99m radyoizotopu konuldu. DEXA çekimlerinin birinci aşamasında saçılmasız hava ortamında sadece kalite kontrol fantomunun görüntüsü alındı. İkinci aşamada su tankının üzerine kalite kontrol fantomu konuldu. Aynı geometrik koşullarda farklı Tc-99m aktiviteleri etkisinde 9 adet çekim yapıldı. Çekimlerden kemik mineral yoğunlukları (KMY) hesaplandı.
Bulgular: Saçılmasız ortamda alınan ortalama KMY değeri 1.011 gr/cm2 bulundu. Saçılmalı ortamda farklı Tc-99m aktiviteleri etkisinde ölçülen KMY değerlerinin ortalamaları (gr/cm2): L1: 0.98±0.01, L2: 1.00±0.02, L3: 1.02±0.02 ve L3: 1.06±0.02 bulundu.
Sonuç: Çekim sonuçlarına göre; Tc-99m radyonüklidinin KMY ölçümlerine önemli bir etkisinin bulunmadığı, aynı gün içinde hem kemik sintigrafisinin hem de DEXA çekiminin yapılabileceği belirlendi.
Os Profissionais de Atividades Físicas de Aventura na Natureza no Cenário Capixaba
Authors: Silva Paula Cristina da Costa , Marcelos Lara Júlia Rodrigues 
Published: March 2021

A realização das Atividades Físicas de Aventura na Natureza (AFAN) conta com a atuação de profissionais que possam garantir sua prática de forma segura e prazerosa. Este artigo objetivou delinear o perfil dos profissionais de AFAN que atuam na Região Metropolitana de Vitória, Espírito Santo, incluindo dados socioeconômicos, condições de trabalho, formação e os riscos a que estão sujeitos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa, com a coleta de dados realizada por meio de questionário semiestruturado. Participaram 25 profissionais e os resultados apontaram que a maioria eram homens, jovens, autônomos, que obtém a maior parte de sua renda com o trabalho com AFAN. Grande parte apresentava formação no ensino superior e corria risco no exercício da profissão. Como conclusão, verificamos a necessidade de formação interdisciplinar, a regulação do mercado das AFAN e o investimento em políticas públicas para esse setor.