bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healing After Photorefractive Keratectomy in Cat Eyes With a Scanning Mid-infrared Nd:YAG Pumped Optical Parametric Oscillator Laser
Authors: Telfair William B , Bekker Carsten , Hoffman Hanna J , Yoder Paul R , Nordquist Robert E , Eiferman Richard A , Zenzie Henry H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the healing characteristics of cat corneas treated with a new scanning midinfrared laser system.

METHODS: Six adult cats were treated with 6-mm diameter photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) corrections. One eye in each animal was untreated as a control and the other was treated with either a -3.00 or -6.00 diopter ablation. The laser was a new Nd:YAG pumped optical parametric oscillator laser at 2.94 /im with a new scanning delivery system. The pulse width was 7 nanoseconds, the repetition rate was 10 Hz, the size of the laser spot on the eye was 1.0 mm, and the fluence was 150 m J/cm
p 2
. Healing of the cat corneas was followed for 4 months. Slit-lamp and corneal topography evaluations were done at each follow-up examination. Histology was performed at the end of the study.

RESULTS: The corneal epithelium healed within 1 week. There was no stromal haze in any eye after the epithelium healed. After the first 2 weeks, slitlamp examination could not identify which eye was treated, Corneal topography showed corneal flattening. Light microscopy at 4 months revealed normal epithelium and increased keratocyte density in the anterior third of the cornea. Electron microscopy showed discontinuities in the basement membrane and hemidesmosomes. The deep stroma and endothelium were normal.
CONCLUSIONS: Cat corneas treated with the new optical parametric oscillator laser healed normally with no adverse effects. Increased keratocyte activity in the anterior stroma was the only noticeable response besides the flattening shown by topography. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:32-39]
Photorefractive Keratectomy for Visual Rehabilitation of Anisometropia Induced by Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Bilgihan Kamil , Özdek Sengul C , Gürelik Gökhan , Adigüzel Ufuk , Önol Merih , Hasanreisoglu Berati 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of unilateral photorefractive keratectomy to correct anisometropia induced by retinal detachment surgery.
METHODS: Photorefractive keratectomy was performed in 10 eyes of 10 patients with anisometropia induced by previous retinal detachment surgery. The Aesculap Méditée MËL 60 excimer laser was used.
RESULTS: Preoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction was -5.20 D. Mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -0.25 D after a mean follow-up of 12.9 months. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction difference between two eyes of 4.87 D was decreased to a mean 0.60 D postoperatively (f-test, P < .0001). All patients were free of anisometropic symptoms after laser surgery.
CONCLUSION: Unilateral photorefractive keratectomy seems to be an effective method to correct anisometropia induced by conventional retinal detachment surgery, especially for patients with spectacle and contact lens intolerance. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:75-78]
Feasibility of Intraoperative Corneal Topography Monitoring During Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Moser Christophe , Kampmeier Juergen , McDonnell Peter , Psaltis D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We propose a feasibility study of new corneal topography technology with the aim of monitoring intraoperative corneal topography during excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. The PAR system measures corneal topography with single grid projection and triangulation but requires fluorescent fluid to be deposited on the corneal surface for shape extraction. We propose and demonstrate a novel corneal topography system based on structured incoherent visible light projection and triangulation that does not require addition of fluorescent fluid.
METHODS: We used a binary liquid crystal spatial light modulator to display multiple fringe patterns onto the cornea. The depth accuracy of the corneal topography system was measured using a white reflected test sphere mounted on a micrometer translation stage. The performance of the corneal topography system was tested on 5 deepithelialized swine eyes in vitro ablated with a VISX excimer laser.

RESULTS: Depth accuracy on the test sphere was 0.5 ± 0.75 µm over an area of 17.6 mm
p 2
. On de-epithelialized swine corneas, ablation at the apex of the cornea treated with an excimer laser was measured without addition of fluorescein.

CONCLUSIONS: This new corneal topography system achieved an adequate level of accuracy on a test sphere. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:148-154]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis Enhancement After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Yong Li , Chen Guy , Li Walton , Chang John , Ngan Chen , Tong Patrick , Qun Cao 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To present results of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) enhancement after radial keratotomy (RK).
METHODS: Sixteen eyes of 10 patients were treated with LASIK for residual myopia and hyperopia after RK. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -3.14 ± 3.04 D (range, -6.675 to +6.00 D). Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in 9 eyes, 20/25 in 6 eyes, and 20/30 in 1 eye. Uncorrected visual acuity was better than 20/40 in only 2 eyes. Patients were followed at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year. Mean follow-up was 8.3 months (range, 1 to 17 mo).
RESULTS: All eyes received one LASDX enhancement. Mean final spherical equivalent refraction was +0.16 ± 0.68 D (range, -1.00 to +1.75 D). No eyes experienced any visual loss. Five eyes gained 1 line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 in 9 eyes, 20/25 in 6 eyes, and 20/30 in 1 eye. Two eyes of one patient had the previous RK incisions open.
CONCLUSION: LASLK was an effective treatment for correction of residual myopia and hyperopia after RK. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:187-190]
Planned Undercorrection With Laser in situ Keratomileusis and Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopes Over Age 40
Authors: Roudakova T E , Kourenkov V V , Polounine G S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of planned undercorrection in myopic patients over 40 years of age
METHODS: Two hundred eight eyes of 104 patients aged 40 to 60 years had photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Full corrections were done for the dominant eye and undercorrection of -1.50 or -2.50 D for non-dominant eye. Planned undercorrection of -1.50 D was done for patients aged 40 to 50 years, and -2.50 D for patients aged 51 to 60 years.
RESULTS: In eyes with planned undercorrection of -1.50 D, the achieved refraction was a mean -1.67 ± 0.40 D after PRK and a mean -1.54 ± 0.30 D after LASIK. In eyes with planned undercorrection of -2.50 D, the achieved refraction was after PRK was a mean -1.82 ± 0.50 D and after LASIK, -2.31 ± 0.60 D. Estimation of the achieved refraction was made according to the condition of the lens: in the group with clear lenses, mean achieved refraction was -1.60 ± 0.30 D (planned -1.50 D, 52 patients) and -2.10 ± 0.40 D (planned -2.50 D, 19 patients). In the group with initial opacification of the lens, mean achieved refraction was -1.00 ± 0.40 D (planned -1.50 D, 9 patients), and -1.40 ± 0.20 D (planned -2.50 D, 24 patients).
CONCLUSIONS: According to analysis of the achieved results, nomograms for planned undercorrection in patients aged 40 to 60 years were refined for PRK and LASIK. [J Refract Surg 2000;16(suppl):S261-S263]
Long-term Results of Correction of High Myopia With an Iris Claw Phakic Intraocular Lens
Authors: Landesz Monika , Worst J G F , van Rij Gabriel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Anterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (PIOLs) are one of the modalities used to correct high myopia. We report the long-term results of our prospective study on the Artisan 5-mm optic myopia lens.
METHODS: We studied 67 eyes of 38 consecutive patients with preoperative myopia ranging from -5.38 to -28.00 D. All patients were operated by one surgeon. Mean follow-up was 35 months (24 months in 67 eyes and 36 months in 61 eyes).
RESULTS: In 45 eyes (67.2%), postoperative residual refraction was within ±1.00 D of emmetropia. The mean refraction was stable statistically during the entire follow-up period. Mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/40 to 20/32. Mean endothelial cell loss at 6 months was 5.5% (range, -52.4% to +9.3%), at 12 months, 7.21% (range, -53.2% to +20.1%), at 24 months, 9.1% (range -43.6% to +13.6%), and at 36 months, 10.9% (range, -43.0% to +11.4%). The majority of eyes had an increase in best spectaclecorrected visual acuity; 5 eyes lost best spectaclecorrected visual acuity. We encountered no major complications.
CONCLUSION: Implanting the Artisan 5-mm optic myopia lens in high myopic eyes resulted in a stable and accurate refractive outcome. The apparent progressive corneal endothelial cell loss remains a matter of concern. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:310-316]
Intraocular Lens Power Calculation in Eyes After Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Seitz Berthold , Langenbucher Achim 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this review article is to discuss the major reasons for postoperative hyperopia after cataract surgery following radial keratotomy (RK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and to illustrate potential methods for improvement of intraocular lens (IOL) power prediction after keratorefractive surgery based on exemplary model calculations.
METHODS: We previously performed model calculations in eyes after PRK for myopia (-1.50 to -8.00 D, mean -5.40 ± 1.90 D) using keratometry readings as measured by the Zeiss keratometer and the TMS-I topography unit and as calculated using the "clinical history method" (spherical equivalent refraction change) and change in anterior surface keratometry readings.
RESULTS: We found that after PRK, mean measured keratometry readings were significantly greater than respective calculated values considering the preoperative to postoperative change of anterior corneal surface (P < .001), which itself was significantly greater than calculated keratometry readings considering the preoperative to postoperative change of spherical equivalent refraction (P < .001). IOL power underestimation correlated significantly with the difference between preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent refraction (P = .001).
CONCLUSIONS: For correct assessment of keratometric readings to be entered into more than one modern third-generation IOL power calculation formula (but not a regression formula), the clinical history method should be applied whenever refraction and keratometric diopters before the keratorefractive procedure are available to the cataract surgeon. If preoperative keratometric diopters and refraction are not known, average central power on the postoperative videokeratograph may be used after RK, but refined calculation of keratometric diopters from radius of anterior and posterior corneal surface should be used after PRK and/or LASIK. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:349-361]
Preoperative Simulation of Outcomes Using Adaptive Optics
Authors: Bille Josef F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Measurements of the wavefront of light reflected from the retina of the human eye can be used to determine optical aberrations of the human eye for large pupils. An instrument based on the Hartmann-Shack principle was developed. The wavefront is refracted by a microlens array and detected by a CCD camera. In first clinical studies human volunteer eyes and preoperative and postoperative refractive surgical patient eyes have been examined. An adaptive optical closed loop system has been devised for preoperative simulation of refractive outcomes of aberration free refractive surgical procedures. [J Refract Surg 2000; 16: S608-S6101
Diamond Knife
Authors: Rowsey J James , Balyeat Hal D , Yeisley Keith P 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We present a new diamond knife which allows for reasonably precise incisions in cornea or sclera. The knife may be ultrasonically cleaned and is sharper than any metal knife whose edge we have examined to date by scanning electron microscopy. The edge is approximately 0.1 micron in width, compared to 1-5 micron width edges of most metal knives. We feel that this prototype will allow investigators to recommend special modifications to the manufacturer of their own choice.
Inflammation of the Lacrimal Drainage System - Assessment by Thermography
Authors: Rosenstock Ted , Chart P , Hurwitz J J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Thermography is an investigative tool without side effects. To our knowledge thermography has not been evaluated in the assessment of lacrimal passage inflammation and obstruction. It can give an objective assessment of presence and degree of inflammation.
An infrared scanning device was used to detect surface temperatures in 29 patients with known disorders of the lacrimal drainage passage. Thermal images were compared for bilateral symmetry and against the normal thermographic appearance of the face.
Acute dacryocystitis and canaliculitis showed gross hyperthermia and asymmetry. Forty-two percent of patients with a picture of chronic dacryocystitis and 40% of patients with only tearing and no clinical evidence of inflammation showed temperature elevation on the side of involvement, whereas 58% and 60% of these respective groups showed symmetrical thermal patterns, suggesting no active inflammation. In a few cases there were discrepancies between clinical assessment and objective thermographic evaluation of the degree of inflammation.
The implications of our results and possible applications of thermography are discussed.
Combined Procedure for Senile Entropion
Authors: Wesley Ralph E , Collins John W 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Entropion of the lower eyelid was corrected in 26 eyelids of 21 patients. All patients were found to have a disinsertion of the capsulopalpebral fascia, but not Müllers muscle layer, of the lower eyelid retractors. All cases were repaired by reattaching the anterior edge of the capsulopalpebral fascia to the inferior edge of the lower tarsus combined with A horizontal eyelid tightening procedure performed at the lateral canthus. With follow-up of six to 32 months, no cases of entropion have recurred. We have found a combined procedure of horizontal eyelid tightening and repair of the capsulopalpebral fascia gives best long-term results.
Evaluation of Local Anesthesia Agents Using a New Force-Sensitive Lid Speculum
Authors: Parrish Richard K , Spaeth George L , Poryzees Effie M , Hargens C William 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYThree commonly used injection anesthetics, bupivacaine .75%, mepivacaine 2%, and lidocaine 2% were evaluated for onset, completeness and duration of akinesia following modified O'Brien facial nerve block, using a new force-sensitive lid speculum. All three agents provided facial akinesia that was profound within six minutes of the time of injection. The onset and the depth of anesthesia were roughly the same with all three agents. However, bupivacaine induced akinesia of greatest duration, lasting up to six hours, the time of final measurement in this study. Akinesia produced by mepivacaine was adequate for about 90 minutes, and lidocaine for 15-30 minutes.A newly-described force-sensitive speculum was utilized in this study. It is an effective instrument for measuring completeness of akinesia, and may have clinical usefulness.
The Effect of Radial Keratotomy in the Rupture Strength of Pig Eyes
Authors: Rylander H Grady , Welch Ashley J , Fremming Bret 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Freshly enucleated pig eyes are significantly weakened following radial keratotomy surgery and are more susceptible to rupture under lateral or axial compression than their unoperated fellow eyes. Patients should be cautioned to restrict hazardous activity in the post-operative period to prevent disastrous globe rupture.
A Modified Gills' Block and its Effectiveness for Lid Muscle Akinesia
Authors: Kimbrough R L , Stewart R H , Okereke P C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We developed a prospective clinical study to determine the effectiveness of a new method of retrobulbar anesthesia and akinesia of the levator and orbicularis muscles. This study involved 50 patients who underwent extracapsular cataract extractions (ECCE) with intraocular lens implant (IOL). We found levator and orbicularis muscle akinesia was achieved in 49 of 50 eyes. One reblock was necessary.
We also wish to point out the advantages of this technique as a means of reducing the rare but serious complications associated with retrobulbar anesthesia.
A Step-Zoom Probe for Laser Endophotocoagulation: I. Design
Authors: Pankratov Michail M , Pomerantzeff Oleg , Pflibsen Kent P , Bearse George R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A step-zoom probe for laser endophotocoagulation of the eye has been developed, using fiber optics and a grathent index (GRIN) rod lens. It provides the operator with five or more focused spots ranging in size from 50 to 500 pm, and the spot size on the target Is independent of the media filling the vitreous cavity, i.e., fluid or air. Each spot is located at the waist of the beam and therefore can be easily placed on the target, reducing the potential for overtreatment. A prototype model is currently undergoing animal testing.
The Effect of Intravitreal Botulinum Toxin on Rabbit Visual Evoked Potential
Authors: Hoffman Robert O , Archer Steven M , Zirkelbach Steven L , Helveston Eugene M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Intravitreal injections of botulinum A toxin in two doses, 1.25 and 25 units, were performed in two rabbit eyes. The fellow eyes were injected with an equal volume of saline to serve as controls. The visual evoked potential was unchanged at one and two weeks post-injection when compared to pre-injection recordings in both botulinum and saline injected eyes.
Ab Interno and Ab Externo Filtering Operations by Laser Contact Surgery
Authors: Gaasterland Douglas E , Hennings David R , Boutacoff Theodore A , Bilek Charles 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A new method to create filtering tracts ab interno or ab externo which may eventually prove useful in eyes with poorly controlled glaucoma is described.
Fiberoptics of 200 µm diameter, with either cleaved or 500 µm ball lens tips, were coupled to the output of an argon gas laser emitting a number of radiation lines in the ultraviolet (333 to 363 nm) wavelengths. This system was used to perforate the corneoscleral limbal tissue of enucleated bovine eyes with a small number of laser applications to create a filtering fistula. Corneoscleral limbal perforation with a 200 µm cleaved fiber required 0.6 to 1.1 J total energy, delivered with a laser power of 0.5 W, or greater, for 0.1 second. With a 500 µm ball lens fiber tip a tract of nearly 0.5 mm diameter was created, requiring 5.1 to 10.4 J total energy, delivered with a laser power of 2.0 W, or greater, for at least 0.1 second. The energy required for perforation from the external surface to the anterior chamber was the same as the energy required for ab interno perforation.
Intercapsular versus Extracapsular Cataract Extraction
Authors: Naylor Gerald , Morrell A J , Sutton G Augustine , Pearce J L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Forty-five eyes that have undergone routine extracapsular cataract extraction with insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens were compared with a similar group of eyes that had undergone intercapsular extraction. Capsular fixation was more predictable following intercapsular (78%) than it was following extracapsular extraction (22%). Gonioscopy revealed prominence of the lens haptfc in 22% of the intercapsular group, with peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) in 18%; haptics were prominent in 78% of the extracapsular group, with synechiae in 55%. Lens eccentricity of 2 mm or more was seen in 2 patients (4%) following intercapsular and in 10 (22%) following extracapsular extraction. Pupil irregularities were noted in three of the intercapsular group (7%) and in eight of the extracapsular group, (13%) with peripheral iris tucking alone in three. These data strongly support the view that intercapsular is superior to extracapsular cataract surgery in terms of facilitating capsular fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses.
A New Endoscope for Ophthalmic Microsurgery
Authors: Yaguchi Shigeo , Kora Yukiko , Takahashi Haruo , Fukado Yoshinao , Yamanaka Akio , Kusakabe Masahiro , Ishibashi Satoshi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present an endoscope designed for ophthalmic microsurgery. The handpiece contains a chargecoupled device, a solid-state imager (250 000 pixels), and a probe (either 0.89 or 1.5 mm in diameter), including the light guide. The light source is a halogen lamp. The clear views the instrument provides of the ciliary sulcus and ciliary body behind the iris make it useful in secondary posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation using the ciliary sulcus suturing technique, and in endolaser photocoagulation of the ciliary body in end-stage glaucoma. It also is useful in performing vitrectomy in cases in which visualization is difficult because of corneal opacification or fluidgas exchange.
Fornix-Based Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin-C
Authors: Levkovitch-verbin Hanna , Goldenfeld Mordechai , Melamed Shlomo 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mitomycin-C (MMC) has been shown to improve the surgical success of trabeculectomy; however, the advantages of MMC have been evaluated almost entirely as an adjunct to limbal-based trabeculectomy. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of fornix-based trabeculectomy with MMC for glaucomatous patients.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1993 and April 1995, 71 patients underwent fornixbased trabeculectomy with topical application of 0.4 mg/ml of MMC for 3 minutes. The conjunctivaTenon's capsule flap was spread over the limbus and sutured in order to create a visible crease with a watertight closure. The mean follow-up time was 14.5 months.
* RESULTS: The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) before surgery was 32.4 ± 9.7 mm Hg. The average postoperative IOP was 14.04 ± 9.57 mm Hg. An IOP of 20 mm Hg or less was observed in 57 eyes (80%). Postoperatively, 37 eyes (52%) required no additional medical therapy. One month after surgery, only 2 patients had wound leakage with hypotony and choroidal detachment. Two eyes (3%) had suprachoroidal hemorrhage with loss of vision. A conjunctival "buttonhole" occurred in 2 eyes (3%), but only 1 persisted more than a month.
* CONCLUSIONS: Fornix-based trabeculectomy using intraoperative application of 0.4 mg/ml of MMC for 3 minutes was found to be as safe and effective as limbal-based trabeculectomy with MMC.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:818-822.]