bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atopic diseases of the parents predict the offspring's atopic sensitization and food allergy
Authors: Pyrhönen Kaisa , Kulmala Petri 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn genetic studies and selected study populations, parental atopy has been associated with atopic diseases in offspring. Our aim was to identify the association between parental atopic diseases and the offspring's atopic sensitization and food allergies, and their effect modifications due to the offspring's sex.MethodsThe study population (N = 5564) (born between 2001 and 2006) was identified from the population register and live in the province of South Karelia, Finland. Questionnaire‐based information on parental atopic diseases was available for 3592 children. The results of skin prick tests, specific IgE tests, and open food challenges (OFC) were collected from patient records.ResultsBy 12 years of age, the cumulative incidence of sensitization to food (14% vs 7%, hazard ratio 2.13; 95% CI 1.68–2.69), animal (10% vs 6%, 1.86; 1.42–2.44), and pollen allergens (12% vs 6%, 2.43; 1.85–3.19), as well as food allergies (positive OFC, 5% vs 2%, 2.28; 1.57–3.33), was higher in the offspring of parents with atopic diseases. The cumulative incidence for pollen sensitization was twofold higher for the female offspring of parents with atopic diseases than those of parents without, while it was almost threefold higher among males. The association between parental pollen allergy and the offspring's pollen sensitization was modified by sex according to additive scale estimates (RERI 1.03; 95% CI 0.13–1.91).ConclusionUntil adolescence, parental atopic diseases have a relatively strong association with the offspring's, particularly male offspring's, atopic sensitization, and food allergies. A pronounced association was found between parental pollen allergy and the male offspring's pollen sensitization.
Impact of a multi‐professional expert team on EOL care of children with cancer
Authors: Iwamoto Shotaro , Hori Hiroki , Sakata Keiko , Kawamata Ayumi , Suefuji Miki , Igura Chika , Yodoya Noriko , Matsubara Takako , Ogura Toru , Komada Yoshihiro , Hirayama Masahiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of end‐of‐life (Q‐EOL) care is influenced by various factors such as resources for palliative care (PC). We introduced a multi‐professional expert team (MET) in 2014, which provides home‐based care for children and adolescents with incurable cancer. This study investigated the impacts of the outreach activities by the MET on Q‐EOL care of pediatric oncology patients.MethodsThis observational study retrospectively examined 112 patients receiving end‐of‐life care between 1989 and 2018 at a pediatric cancer center in Japan. Some of the indicators of Q‐EOL care before and after the introduction of the outreach activities by the MET were compared. The subjects were 92 in pre‐MET and 20 in post‐MET periods.ResultsThe median number of days for which the patients stayed at home during the final seven or 30 days were significantly prolonged in the post‐MET period (0.0 vs 1.5 days, P = 0.020, 3.0 vs 12.0 days, P = 0.042). The change was more significant in hematologic malignancies than solid and central nervous system tumors. Patients receiving longer PC before their deaths could stay at home longer during the last 7 days. The ratio of patients receiving PC for more than 2 months was significantly increased in post‐MET period (60.9 vs 90.0%, P = 0.014). More patients also greeted their deaths at home in the post‐MET period (3.3 vs 25.0%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe activities of the MET transformed the end‐of‐life care of children and adolescents with incurable cancer. Earlier transitions to PC from curative treatment were associated with longer home‐based care and more deaths at home.
Influence of abiotic factors, inoculum source, and cultivar susceptibility on the potato tuber blemish diseases black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes) and silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani)
Authors: Massana‐Codina Josep , Schnee Sylvain , Lecoultre Nicole , Droz Eric , Dupuis Brice , Keiser Andreas , de Werra Patrice , Wolfender Jean‐Luc , Gindro Katia , Schürch Stéphanie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBlack dot and silver scurf are potato blemish diseases whose economic impact has increased in recent years. Because their symptomatology on tubers is visually similar, disease assessment does not usually differentiate between the two pathogens, which share the same ecological niche. The epidemiology of black dot has been extensively studied, especially in the UK, but the factors that influence silver scurf have been less investigated. In this study, the influence of cultivar, source of inoculum, and environmental conditions on both diseases was studied in field trials over a three‐year period (2016–2018) in Switzerland. Planting minitubers did not prevent either disease in daughter tubers, indicating the contribution of soil as an inoculum reservoir. An arbitrary threshold of Colletotrichum coccodes soil inoculum could be set to discriminate between low and high disease risk. For the first time, Helminthosporium solani DNA was detected in stolons, and infections appeared earlier in stolons than in tubers. H. solani stolon and tuber infections usually appeared later in the season than those of C. coccodes. Black dot severity correlated positively with precipitation, while silver scurf severity correlated positively with temperature. Table potato cultivars commonly grown in Switzerland exhibited significant differences in susceptibility to both diseases, and cultivars with low susceptibility to both silver scurf and black dot were identified. These results gave new insights into understanding the factors driving the epidemiology of potato blemish diseases and may contribute to building a risk assessment scheme to manage both diseases simultaneously.
Growth in a macro‐Mincer model: Good results with schooling and experience interactions
Authors: Breton Theodore R. , Breton Andrew S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate why macro‐Mincer models have been unable to identify a positive longitudinal effect of schooling on GDP over short periods. We first determine that the best Mincer model of workers’ cross‐sectional earnings includes two schooling‐experience interactions and no independent effect of experience. In the results for this model, about half of the effect of additional schooling occurred in the initial five‐year period and the remaining effect was delayed up to 40 years. We then show that this same lagged pattern successfully explains the effect of schooling on GDP in 98 countries over five‐year intervals during 1975‐2005. Over this period an additional year of schooling raised GDP by 5.8% on average, but by less initially due to the interaction effect with experience. The effects on GDP were consistent with the cumulative effects of schooling on workers’ earnings. We conclude that average years of schooling is an inaccurate measure of a country’s human capital unless the interactive effect with experience is taken into account.
Distal‐to‐proximal joint mechanics redistribution is a main contributor to reduced walking economy in older adults
Authors: Delabastita Tijs , Hollville Enzo , Catteau Andreas , Cortvriendt Philip , De Groote Friedl , Vanwanseele Benedicte 
Published: February 2021

Age‐related neural and musculoskeletal declines affect mobility and the quality of life of older adults. To date, the mechanisms underlying reduced walking economy in older adults still remain elusive. In this study, we wanted to investigate which biomechanical factors were associated with the higher energy cost of walking in older compared with young adults. Fourteen younger (24 ± 2 years) and fourteen older (74 ± 4 years) adults were tested. Plantarflexor strength and Achilles tendon stiffness were evaluated during a dynamometer test. Medial gastrocnemius fascicle length, ground reaction forces, joint kinematics, and oxygen consumption were measured during walking treadmill at 0.83 and 1.39 m.s−1. Energy cost of walking, lower‐limb joint mechanics, muscle‐tendon unit, and tendinous tissues length were calculated. The energy cost of walking was higher at 0.83 m.s‐1 (+16%; P = .005) and plantarflexor strength lower (−31%; P = .007) in older adults. Achilles tendon stiffness and medial gastrocnemius fascicle length changes did not differ between older and young adults. The reduction in ankle mechanics was compensated by increases in hip mechanics in older adults during walking. The hip extensor moment was the only significant predictor of the energy cost of walking (adjusted R2: 0.35‐0.38). The higher energy cost in older adults is mainly associated with their distal‐to‐proximal redistribution of joint mechanics during walking possibly due to plantarflexor weakness. In our study, medial gastrocnemius fascicle and tendinous tissue behavior did not explain the higher energy cost of walking in older compared to young adults.
Changes in physical activity behavior and development of cardiovascular risk in children
Authors: Lona Giulia , Hauser Christoph , Köchli Sabrina , Infanger Denis , Endes Katharina , Faude Oliver , Hanssen Henner 
Published: February 2021

The study aimed to investigate the association of changes in physical activity, screen time, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with development of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and retinal microvascular health in children over four years. In 2014, 391 children aged 6‐8 years were screened, and thereof 262 children were reexamined after four years following standardized protocols. Retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular diameters were measured by a retinal vessel analyzer. CRF was objectively assessed by a 20 m shuttle run, physical activity, and screen time by use of a questionnaire. Children who achieved higher CRF levels reduced their BMI (β [95% CI] −0.35 [−0.46 to −0.25] kg/m2 per stage, P ≤ .001) and thereby developed wider CRAE (β [95% CI] 0.25 [0.24 to 0.48] µm per stage, P = .03) at follow‐up. Moreover, children with elevated or high systolic BP at baseline, but lower levels of screen time during the observation period, had wider CRAE at follow‐up (β [95% CI] −0.37 [−0.66 to −0.08] µm per 10 min/d, P = .013). Change in CRF was not directly associated with better microvascular health at follow‐up. However, an increase of CRF over four years was associated with a reduced BMI and consequently wider retinal arterioles at follow‐up. In children with elevated or high systolic BP, a reduction of screen time significantly improved retinal microvascular health as a primary prevention strategy to promote childhood health and combat development of manifest CV disease later in life.
Disseminated lomentosporiosis in a heart transplant recipient: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Valerio Maricela , Vásquez Víctor , Álvarez‐Uria Ana , Zatarain‐Nicolás Eduardo , Pavone Paolo , Martínez‐Jiménez María del Carmen , Barrio‐Gutiérrez José María , Cuerpo Gregorio , Guinea‐Ortega Jesús , Vena Antonio , Peligros‐Gómez María Isabel , Bouza Emilio , Muñoz Patricia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLomentospora prolificans (formerly S prolificans) is a saprophyte fungi that causes opportunistic infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Resulting disseminated infections are difficult to treat and have a high mortality. Indications for antifungal prophylaxis after heart transplantation (HT) include CMV disease, reoperation, renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and high environmental exposure to Aspergillus spores. However, the risk of breakthrough infections, such as Lomentosporiosis, remains a cause of concern.MethodsWe report the clinical findings, microbiology, treatment and outcome of a disseminated Lomentosporiosis in a heart transplant recipient with ECMO and antifungal prophylaxis.ResultsA 25‐year‐old male with complex grown‐up congenital heart disease (GUCHD) was admitted for HT. He presented severe post‐surgical complications including acute kidney injury and right heart and respiratory failure requiring venoarterial‐ECMO, continuous renal replacement therapy (CCRT) and later on (+14) a ventricular assist device (VAD). Ganciclovir, cotrimoxazole, and antifungal prophylaxis with anidulafungin at standard doses had been started on day + 3 post HT. The patient presented seizures (+4), pancytopenia with mild neutropenia (days + 6 to + 11), influenza B (+7), and bacteremic Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (+10). On days + 14 to + 16 Lomentospora prolificans was recovered from blood cultures, broncho aspirate, catheter tip, and skin biopsy. Despite treatment with L‐AMB, voriconazole and terbinafine the patients died on day 17 after HT. Necropsy revealed disseminated infection with fungal invasion in central nervous system, heart, lung, cutaneous, and subcutaneous tissue. Broth microdilution tests demonstrated resistance to all antifungals.ConclusionsLomentosporiosis is a rare complication that may emerge as a breakthrough invasive fungal infection in heart transplant recipients on ECMO despite antifungal prophylaxis.
Clinical course of severe COVID19 treated with tocilizumab and antivirals post‐allogeneic stem cell transplant with extensive chronic GVHD
Authors: Mirgh Sumeet , Gokarn Anant , Punatar Sachin , Chichra Akanksha , Singh Anuj , Rajendra Akhil , Babu Goli Vasu , Trivedi Bhakti , Joshi Amit , Patkar Nikhil , Tembhare Prashant , Subramanian P. G. , Shetty Nitin , Chavan Preeti , Bhat Vivek , Gupta Sudeep , Khattry Navin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) are an immunocompromised group who are likely to develop severe complications and mortality because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We report here a 61‐year‐old male patient of primary myelofibrosis who underwent an allo‐HSCT 6 years earlier, had chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) involving the liver, lung, eyes, and skin, (with recurrent episodes of pulmonary infections) who developed severe COVID‐19. The patient was treated with tocilizumab, and a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, interferon‐β1b. He was discharged after 31 days with full recovery. Tocilizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against IL6, has been shown to benefit respiratory manifestations in severe COVID19. However, this is first report, to our knowledge, of its use and benefit in a post HSCT recipient.
Analytical quality performance goals for symmetric dimethylarginine in cats
Authors: Baral Randolph M , Freeman Kathleen P , Flatland Bente 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundSymmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in people, dogs, and cats. Initial assays used a liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (LC) technique. A veterinary immunoassay has been developed for use in commercial laboratories and point‐of‐care (POC) laboratory equipment. There have been no independent assessments of these assays, and analytical performance goals for SDMA testing have not been defined.ObjectivesThis study sought to establish analytical performance goals for SDMA in cats from (a) biological variation (BV) data and (b) expert opinion.MethodsAnalytical performance goals were determined from a prior BV study of SDMA in cats and a survey of veterinary internists who have used SDMA in practice.ResultsBiological variation‐based performance goals included an imprecision of ±10% (immunoassay and LC), bias of ±8% (immunoassay and LC), and total error of ±24% (immunoassay and LC). Expert opinion performance goals were ±0.10 μmol/L (±2 μg/dL), or ±0.15 μmol/L (±3 μg/dL), varying with starting SDMA concentrations.ConclusionsThis study recommends analytical performance goals for SDMA based on BV and expert opinion. Wide dispersion of SDMA results using currently available assays implies that clinicians risk attaching medical significance to small SDMA changes that actually reflect analytical variability.
Aspects of Equiano's travels, the autobiography of a Nigerian in late eighteenth‐century England
Authors: Jowitt David , Pam Keziah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper is a study of the English of Olaudah Equiano. His autobiography, published in 1789, was the first book written in English by a Nigerian. It tells how, sold when a boy into slavery and transported to the Caribbean, he later purchased his freedom, settled in England, and became a prominent abolitionist. Literary English of the late eighteenth century adhered to neo‐classical models, with complex sentences and a Latinate vocabulary, and these features are much in evidence in Equiano's writing. The principal focus of the paper is on his use of tenses, especially the present perfect, which in Equiano's day was used much as it is now; but he sometimes uses it in ways that are difficult to account for. Thus his mastery of the language was not flawless; but the flaws do not compromise the literary merits of the work or impede our understanding of it.
The middle cerebral artery blood velocity response to acute normobaric hypoxia occurs independently of changes in ventilation in humans
Authors: AlSalahi Sultan E. , Junejo Rehan T. , Bradley Chris , Balanos George M. , Siebenmann Christoph , Fisher James P. 
Published: February 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Does the ventilatory response to moderate acute hypoxia increase cerebral perfusion independently of changes in arterial oxygen tension in humans?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The ventilatory response does not increase middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity during moderate isocapnic acute hypoxia beyond that elicited by reduced oxygen saturation.

AbstractHypoxia induces ventilatory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adjustments to defend against reductions in systemic oxygen delivery. We aimed to determine whether the ventilatory response to moderate acute hypoxia increases cerebral perfusion independently of changes in arterial oxygenation. Eleven young healthy individuals were exposed to four 15 min experimental conditions: (1) normoxia (partial pressure of end‐tidal oxygen, = 100 mmHg), (2) hypoxia ( = 50 mmHg), (3) normoxia with breathing volitionally matched to levels observed during hypoxia (hyperpnoea; = 100 mmHg) and (4) hypoxia ( = 50 mmHg) with respiratory frequency and tidal volume volitionally matched to levels observed during normoxia (i.e., restricted breathing (RB)). Isocapnia was maintained in all conditions. Middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCA Vmean), assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound, was increased during hypoxia (58 ± 12 cm/s, P = 0.04) and hypoxia + RB (61 ± 14 cm/s, P < 0.001) compared to normoxia (55 ± 11 cm/s), while it was unchanged during hyperpnoea (52 ± 13 cm/s, P = 0.08). MCA Vmean was not different between hypoxia and hypoxia + RB (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that the hypoxic ventilatory response does not increase cerebral perfusion, indexed using MCA Vmean, during moderate isocapnic acute hypoxia beyond that elicited by reduced oxygen saturation.
High-Temperature Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al
Authors: Samuel. S Calvin , Chodancar Yash , Kanther Smit , M. Arivarasu , Ram Prabhu T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the microstructure, high-temperature tribological performance, and mechanical properties of solution-aged Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al were investigated. The microstructure of solution-aged Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al reveals a bimodal α and β microstructure with uniformly dispersed α precipitates in the β matrix phase. The hot tribological performance of solution-aged Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al was investigated at different temperatures (28, 250, 350, and 450 °C) in a high-temperature pin-on-disc configuration. The wear mechanisms were evaluated at the worn-out surface using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The abrasive wear mechanism is predominant at 28 °C and 250 °C testing conditions, whereas the oxidation and delamination are dominant wear mechanisms at 350 °C and 450 °C testing conditions. The worn-out surface at different temperature conditions was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) analysis. The absence of protective oxide formation at 28 °C and intermittent protective oxide formation at 250 °C testing condition are ineffective in protecting the surface from wear damages and high wear loss. The protective tribo-oxide formations at 350 °C and 450 °C are continuous and provide improved wear resistance behavior of the material. The V2O5-rich tribo-oxide layer formation at 350 °C offers excellent wear resistance and protection against wear damages among the testing conditions. The Vickers microhardness study of the samples tested at different temperature conditions shows significant differences in the hardness magnitude at the cross section.
Analysis of Incomplete Film in Parallel Plates Including Inlet Tube and Groove
Authors: Wei Shanshan , Zhang Haibo , Kligerman Yuri , Goltsberg Roman , Etsion Izhak 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To clarify the realistic upstream boundary conditions of hydrodynamic bearings, the oil spread in a complex system of parallel plates including an inlet tube and axial groove is studied by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The effects of various design parameters including clearance, velocity of bottom plate, and inlet mass flowrate on oil spread-length are presented and explained. By intensive parametric study for these parameters, an empirical expression for the oil spread-length is derived. A groove with blind ends significantly increases the efficiency of the system. A comparison with experimental observation validates the present model as a proper one for accurately solving oil spread in similar systems.
Draft Genome Sequence of Comamonas aquatilis Strain LK (= CSUR P6418 = CECT 9772), Isolated from the Planarian Schmidtea mediterranea
Authors: Kangale Luis Johnson , Levasseur Anthony , Raoult Didier , Ghigo Eric , Fournier Pierre-Edouard 
Published: February 2021

Comamonas aquatilis
was defined as a new
Comamonas
species based on its 16S rRNA sequence, but the genome from the type strain SB30-Cr27-3
T
(= CIP 111491
T
= CCM 8815
T
) is not available. We have cultivated from the planarian
Schmidtea mediterranea
a
Comamonas aquatilis
strain, LK (= CSUR P6418 = CECT 9772), that exhibits 100% 16S rRNA sequence similarity to strain SB30-Cr27-3
T
.
Uveitis for the non-ophthalmologist
Authors: Burkholder Bryn M , Jabs Douglas A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The uveitides are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation inside the eye. The uveitides are classified as infectious or non-infectious. The non-infectious uveitides, which are presumed to be immune mediated, can be further divided into those that are associated with a known systemic disease and those that are eye limited,—ie, not associated with a systemic disease. The ophthalmologist identifies the specific uveitic entity by medical history, clinical examination, and ocular imaging, as well as supplemental laboratory testing, if indicated. Treatment of the infectious uveitides is tailored to the particular infectious organism and may include regional and/or systemic medication. First line treatment for non-infectious uveitides is corticosteroids that can be administered topically, as regional injections or surgical implants, or systemically. Systemic immunosuppressive therapy is used in patients with severe disease who cannot tolerate corticosteroids, require chronic corticosteroids at >7.5 mg/day prednisone, or in whom the disease is known to respond better to immunosuppression. Management of many of these diseases is optimized by coordination between the ophthalmologist and rheumatologist or internist.