bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Anthocyanin Regulatory Networks in Malus Domestica Borkh. Peel with Different Color Patterns
Authors: Duan Pengwei , Ma Xiaojian , Qin Lizhe , Du Jizhuang , Xu Guoliang , Ni Qunzhou , Yang Sumiao , Shi Haiqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background:Coloring is an important external quality of ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and there are two color patterns of apple peels, i.e., stripe and blush. The objectives of this study were to reveal the anthocyanin biosynthesis metabolic pathway in striped and blushed peels of Malus domestica using metabolomics and transcriptomics, to identify different anthocyanin metabolites, and to analyze the differentially expressed genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis.Result:The metabolite concentration and gene expression were profiled in the striped and blushed fruit peels of apple harvested at three ripening periods to elucidate the color formation mechanism. At the green fruit period, there were 83 DAMs,including 30 flavonoids, 674 DEGs (521 up-regulated and 153 down-regulated),including 3 MYB related genes (up-regulated, LOC103415449, LOC103421948, LOC103432338) and 2 bHLH genes(up-regulated, LOC103436250, LOC103437863) between striped and blushed apple.At the color turning period, there were 48 DAMs,including 20 flavonoids, 880 DEGs (274 up-regulated and 606 down-regulated), including 3 differentially expressed E2.3.1.133, HCT genes(down-regulated), 2 differentially expressed F3H genes (down-regulated), 1 differentially expressed BZ1 gene (down-regulated) and 2 differentially expressed ANS genes (up-regulated) and 2 up-regulated MYB related genes (LOC103411576, LOC103412495), 5 down-regulated MYB related genes(LOC103400953, LOC103408672, LOC103415404, LOC103420697, LOC103421948), 1 differentially expressed bHLH gene(down-regulated, LOC103400870). At the complete coloring period，there were 95 DAMs,including 34 flavonoids, 2258 DEGs (1159 up- and 1099 down-regulated), including 3 differentially expressed E2.3.1.133, HCT genes(down-regulated), 1 differentially expressed E2.3.1.133, HCT genes(up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed CYP98A genes (up-regulated), 4 differentially expressed CHS genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed E5.5.1.6 genes(up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed CYP75B1 genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed F3R genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed ANS genes (up-regulated), 1 differentially expressed DFR genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed BZ1 genes (up-regulated) and 1 differentially expressed MYB related gene (up-regulated, LOC103401575) .There were both 10 kinds of cyanidin in apple peel at color turning period and complete coloring period, Keracyanin and Cyanin were up-regulated at color turning period and Cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)glucoside was up-regulated at complete coloring period.Conclusions: Our researches provide important information on the anthocyanin metabolites and the candidate genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways of Fuji apple in M.domestcia.
Imaginary Penalty and Identity Conflict: The Dilemma and Strategies of Multiple identities in Substance Abusers in Chinese Drug Policy
Authors: Song Apei , Ren Zhongyuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Exploring why the national drug policy failed is an important issue. Although the theory of "Imaginary Penalty" points out the relationship between ideology and policy-making, it ignores the systemic nature of drug control and the voice of drug addicts. Methods: This study takes substance abusers who live in urban communities as the research participants. Using qualitative research data, this study explores how individual drug abuse experiences are identified and classified by structural forces and how individuals manage their daily life. Results: The study finds that law enforcement agencies (Narcotics Control Office (NCO), Police Station , and Community Assistance Group (CAG)) have different attitudes toward Substance abusers and generate different managements, forming multiple governance models, and then shaping the multiple and incomplete Substance abusers’ identity dilemma. Drug addicts perceive the dilemma, and they adopt the strategies of spatial isolation (hidden flow), disconnection from experience (temporal isolation), and instrumental cooperation to continuously re-adjust and achieve identity recovery from the bottom up with the "possible citizens" narrative logic. Conclusion/importance: Through evaluating the effectiveness of self-management strategies, this research integrates the Chinese drug rehabilitation situation, expands the specific performance of "Imaginary Penalty" in the law enforcement system, and presents the limitations and positive value of self-management strategies.
Lingual Position of the Wrought Wire Clasp for Removable Partial Dentures Esthetic
Authors: Alfahdawi Ibrahim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe esthetic repair of a removable partial appliance is a critical function that determines the success of the therapy. The most challenging challenge is to achieve While maintaining stability, retention, and protect teeth's health, optimal esthetics is achieved. Removable partial prosthesis is an odious therapeutic option that we still have to use in some circumstances and is a common procedure. However, these patients anticipate receiving a prosthesis. ObjectiveTo determine wrought wire clasp for removable partial dentures for esthetic. Materials and MethodsAfter taking impressions (primary and final) for the maxilla or the mandible of many patients, stone castings were pouring in class III (dental stone) using a 30 ml water to 100 g powder ratio. For the installation of prosthetic teeth, a uniform denture base plate wax template was made on each stone cast, and lingual clasps were inserted around the abutment teeth. Dental plaster is used to flake the lower piece of the traditional brass flasks (class II). The denture foundation was meticulously deflasked, after the curing cycle, the surplus is removed and the denture surface is polished. ResultsDentures that have been treated using this method have a high level of retention. Excellent aesthetics, make it more sanitary and dentures with the lingual clasps method are more comfortable for the patient. ConclusionDentures made with this procedure have better retention, a better esthetic, are good hygienic, and are high comfortable for the patient than dentures made using labial clasps.
Prognostic Factors for Evolution of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients Utilizing Poisson Regression and Continuous Time Markov Chains
Authors: abo-elreesh Iman Mohamed Attia Abd-Elkhalik 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present paper, the deleterious effects of obesity, type 2diabetes and insulin resistance, systolic and diastolic hypertension on the rate of progression of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are illustrated using a new approach utilizing the Poisson regression to model the transition rate matrix. The observed counts in the transition counts matrix are used as response variables and the covariates are the risk factors for fatty liver. Then the estimated counts from running the Poisson regression are used to estimate the transition rates using the continuous time Markov chains (CTMC) followed by exponentiation of the estimated rate matrix to obtain the transition probability matrix at specific time points. Using a hypothetical data of 150 participants followed up every year for a total of 28 years recording their demographic characteristics and their timeline of follow up are demonstrated. The findings revealed that insulin resistance expressed by MOMA-IR 2 has the most deleterious effects among other factors for increasing the rate of forward progression of patients from state 1 to state 2 as well as from state 2 to state 3 and from state 3 to state 4. The higher the level of HOMA-IR is, the more rapid the rate of progression is.
Biomolecular Characterization of Bacillus tequilensis A1C1 Isolated from Soil and Chromatographic Analysis of D-serine in its Cellular Fraction
Authors: Kapil Shikha , Bhattu Monika , Kumar Tarun , Sharma Vipasha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The current work was carried out to investigate serine enantiomers in bacterial cells. The bacteria isolated from the pomace dumping soil site (bacteria id A1C1) showed maximum growth (O.D600 = 1.97±0.4 X 109cells/ml) within 48h in the minimal salt media supplemented with L-serine. The isolated strain was identified as ‘Bacillus tequilensis’ through 16sRNA sequencing. The study’s peculiarity reflects the fact that the isolated strain was explored for the first time to detect the presence of serine enantiomers. The strain was quantified for D-serine content by using RP-HPLC. The D-serine concentration was calculated as 0.919±0.02 nM in the bacterial cellular fraction by using a standard curve plot and linear curve equation. Further, recovery % was also calculated for the spiked samples which vary from 85-90%. The optimum growth parameters were recorded as 37℃±0.5, 150±0.5 RPM, and 7±0.5pH. The strain was Gram-positive, rod shape, large, irregular, off-white-coloured, and synthesized endospores. A1C1 showed positive results (within 14±2h of incubation) for indole production, lactose fermentation, and protease (0.9 mm, clear zone). The antibacterial assay showed 5% and 2% efficacy of the extracellular fraction against MTCC 40 and MTCC 11949 respectively within 12h of incubation. These results demonstrate that Bacillus tequilensis A1C1 has antibacterial activity, the potential to secrete extracellular enzymes, and D-serine content in the intracellular fraction of the cultivated cells. Given results demonstrate the industrial significance and implication of the isolated strain for the synthesis of commercially valuable products.
Intraspecific virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes against the pests Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Campos-Herrera Raquel , Vicente-Díez Ignacio , Galeano Magda , Chelkha Maryam , del Mar González-Trujillo María , Puelles Miguel , Labarga David , Pou Alicia , Calvo Javier , Belda José Eduardo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are excellent biocontrol agents against various insect pests. Novel biotechnological approaches can enhance their utility against insects above-ground, opening a new venue for selecting superior EPN against certain insects. We hypothesize that different populations of the same species but from different origins (habitat, ecoregion) will differ in their virulence. This study aimed to evaluate the virulence of various EPN populations against two pests of worldwide incidence and damage to high value crops: Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). We tested 10 EPN populations belonging to three EPN species: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Koppert, MG-618b, AM-203, RM-102), Steinernema feltiae (Koppert, RS-5, AM-25, RM-107), and Steinernema carpocapsae (Koppert, MG-596a). Each EPN population was tested at two concentrations. Frankliniella occidentalis was tested at 160 and 80 IJs/cm2 and T. absoluta at 21 and 4 IJs/cm2. Control treatments followed the same experimental procedure but only adding distilled water. Overall, whenever different, higher IJs concentration resulted in lower adult emergence, higher larval mortality, and shorter time to kill the insects. Considering the low concentration, S. feltiae provided the best results for both insects and instars investigated, while H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae required a high concentration to reach similar or slightly better results. Differences among populations of each of the species were detected, but only the native populations of H. bacteriophora populations showed consistently higher control values against both insects/instar compared with the commercial one. Differences among S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae populations depended on the IJs concentration, insect, and instar. We consider S. feltiae a very promising species for their application against F. occidentalis and T. absoluta, with the Koppert population as the most consistent among the populations tested. Specific EPN-populations of S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora were good candidates against certain instar/insects at high concentrations. This study emphasized the importance of intraspecific variability for EPN virulence.
Impact of active night population and leakage exponent on leakage estimation in developing countries
Authors: Amoatey Peace Korshiwor , Obiri-Yeboah Abena Agyeiwaa , Akosah-Kusi Maxwell 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Methods for network leakage estimation include water balance, component analysis and minimum night flow (MNF) methods, the latter of which involves subtracting the customer night use (QCNU) from night leakage and multiplying by the hour day factor (HDF). QCNU and HDF respectively depend on Active Night Population (ANP) and leakage exponent (N1). In most developing countries, these parameters are assumed in the MNF method, thus introducing errors which makes setting realistic leakage reduction targets and key performance indicators (KPI) problematic. In this study, QCNU and HDF were evaluated by determining the relative error associated with ANP and N1 to establish localized rates for accurately estimating leakage in water networks. Between 7 and 11% relative error was associated with every 1% higher or lower ANP while up to 4% relative error was observed for every step considered. A linear relationship exists between the relative error associated with both and ANP although that of ANP is twice as high as This has technical implications for setting water loss reduction targets and investing in the water infrastructure. It is recommended that water utilities must establish localized ANP and values for accurate leakage estimation in water networks.
Effect of clariflocculator and pulsator based sedimentation technology and poly-aluminium chloride coagulant type on the efficiency of the water treatment plant
Authors: Maldhure Atul , Khadse Gajanan , Labhasetwar Pawan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) with different basicity is used as a coagulant in most drinking water treatment plants (WTP). The aluminium concentration in PAC and its hydrolysis mechanism varied with the basicity of PAC. Incremental addition of PAC changes various physico-chemical properties and turbidity removal mechanisms in water. Water treatment plants use the PAC concentration beyond its optimum dose without considering other aspects, including residual aluminium concentration. In the present work, the effect of high and medium basicity of PAC on different physico-chemical properties like pH, zeta potential, and residual aluminium concentration of water was investigated. The pH of treated water decreases with the incremental addition of PAC, and an increase in zeta potential and residual aluminium concentration in treated water was evidenced. The change in pH after PAC addition is responsible for deciding the coagulation mechanism and efficiency of the coagulation process. pH reduction is comparatively more in high basicity PAC than medium basicity. PAC hydrolysis mechanism is controlled by the zeta potential of water and can be used as an alternative method to decide the optimum coagulant dose. The performance of clariflocculator and pulsator-based WTP was also evaluated for raw water from the same source. To reduce down the turbidity below the acceptable level, the coagulant requirement for clariflocculator based WTP is comparatively less than pulsator based WTP. The floc blanket in the pulsator gets disturbed with a slight change in the coagulant chemistry and quantity.
Konstelacja Witkacy. Z Zofią Radwańską z Muzeum Tatrzańskiego rozmawia Paweł Drabarczyk vel Grabarczyk
Authors: Vel Grabarczyk Paweł Drabarczyk 
Published: December 2021

Wywiad z Zofią Radwańską z Muzeum Tatrzańskiego
Interview with Zofia Radwańska from the Tatra Museum
Pengaruh Media Sosial “Instagram” Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online
Authors: Dirna Fitria Cita 
Published: December 2021

Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online (KBGO) merupakan salah satu jenis kasus baru dalam Kekerasan Berbasis Gender yang saat ini mulai banyak dilaporkan kepada Komnas Perempuan. Kekerasan ini dapat terjadi karena difasilitasi oleh internet serta teknologi. Instagram merupakan media sosial yang memiliki banyak jumlah pengguna sehingga menjadi salah satu wadah terjadinya kasus KBGO. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh media sosial instagram terhadap kasus KBGO di masa pandemi COVID-19 serta menganalisis upaya-upaya apa saja yang dapat dilakukan dalam menangani kasus KBGO. Metodologi yang digunakan dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis telaah pustaka sebanyak 21 literatur yang berkaitan dengan KBGO, media sosial, instagram, dan masa pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa instagram berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kasus KBGO di masa pandemi COVID-19. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan untuk menangani kasus KBGO seperti membuat akun khusus di instagram, sebagai wadah untuk korban KBGO berbagi kisah yang pernah dialaminya, melakukan seminar daring (webinar) di masa pandemi COVID-19, dan membuat kampanye dengan poster di instagram. Secara keseluruhan, Peristiwa pelecehan dengan komentar kasar serta pelanggaran privasi merupakan jenis kasus KBGO yang banyak terjadi di instagram.
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Online Gender-Based Violence (KBGO) is a new type of case in Gender-Based Violence, which is currently being reported to Komnas Perempuan. This violence can occur because it is facilitated by the internet and technology. Instagram is a social media that has a large number of users so that it is one of the places for the KBGO case to occur. The purpose of writing this article is to analyze the influence of social media Instagram on KBGO cases during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze what efforts can be made in dealing with KBGO cases. The methodology used is a descriptive approach to analyzing literature review as much as 21 literature related to KBGO, social media, instagram, and the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The results of the analysis show that Instagram has an effect on the increase in KBGO cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts are being made to handle the KBGO case, such as creating a special account on instagram as a forum for KBGO victims to share stories they have experienced, conducting online seminars (webinars) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and creating campaigns with posters on Instagram. Overall, incidents of harassment with harsh comments and violations of privacy are the most common types of KBGO cases on Instagram.
IN VITRO DRUG RELEASE STUDY OF CHLORAMPHENICOL IN SITU GEL WITH BASES MIXTURE OF POLOXAMER 407 AND HPMC BY OPTIMIZATION WITH FACTORIAL DESIGN
Authors: KURNIAWANSYAH INSAN SUNAN , RUSDIANA TAOFIK , TSANIYAH HURIYATUS , RAMOKO HANDRIAN , WAHAB HABIBAH A. , SUBARNAS ANAS 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to find the best base mixture composition (poloxamer 407 and HPMC) of chloramphenicol in situ gel formula based on in vitro property (Cumulative amount of drug release).
Methods: The in vitro diffusion of chloramphenicol in situ gel study was carried out using franz diffusion cells to know the effect of the Critical Process Parameters (CPPs) as independent variables (poloxamer 407 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)) on the Critical Quality Attribute (CQA) as dependent variable (cumulative amount of drug release) with 22 factorial design.
Results: 22 factorial design of chloramphenicol in situ gel yielded 4 variations of poloxamer 407 and HPMC bases component in %w/v as follows, F1 (5:0.45), F2 (10:0.45) F3 (5:1) and F4 (10:1). The amount of drug release results from in vitro dissolution assay were 30.60% (F1), 45.64% (F2), 58.30% (F3), and 22.50%) (F4).
Conclusion: Formula 3 (F3) was considered as the best formula component in terms of in vitro assay of chloramphenicol in situ gel with a desirability value of 0.58.
An economic evaluation of reducing colorectal cancer surveillance intensity
Authors: Allaire Benjamin , Skinner Robbie , King Grant , Honeycutt Amanda , Esposito Dominick 
Published: December 2021

Aim:Analyze the impact of national implementation of ‘low intensity’ post-treatment colorectal cancer surveillance compared with current practices.Materials & methods:Create a population-level Markov model to estimate impacts of expansion of low versus high intensity surveillance post-treatment on healthcare utilization, costs and caregiver time loss.Results:Shifting to low intensity colorectal cancer surveillance would reduce patient burden by 301,830 h per patient annually over 5 years. Cost reductions over 5 years were US$43.5 million for Medicare and US$4.2 million for Medicaid. Total societal cost savings equaled US$104.2 million.Conclusion:National implementation of low intensity post-treatment colorectal cancer surveillance has the potential to significantly reduce burden and costs on patients and their caregivers with no added risks to health.
Who Pays Attention to SEC Form 8-K?
Authors: Ben-Rephael Azi , Da Zhi , Easton Peter D. , Israelsen Ryan D. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The SEC requires public companies to disclose material information on Form 8-K within four days of a triggering event. We show that on 8-K event and filing dates, there is significant abnormal attention on Bloomberg terminals, which are a source of information for institutional investors, while traditional media attention tends to be higher on filing days. Significant price discovery occurs on the event date and on the days between that day and the filing date. The traditional media coverage on the filing day appears to attract the attention of retail investors and leads to further price changes in the direction of the pre-filing day price change. Institutional investors exploit this price pressure via opportunistic liquidity provision. Overall, our evidence suggests that the Form 8-K filing may have little direct informational benefit, particularly to retail investors.
JEL Classifications: D8; G1; G2; M4.