bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical investigation of a thermal storage water heating system using phase change materials
Authors: Shareef A S , Al-Mousawi F N , Sachit H S 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the process of thermal heat storage within a water heating system utilizing phase change materials was numerically investigated using a CFD simulation. A two-dimensional model of the water-PCM energy storage system was designed and modelled using ANSYS Fluent. Two cases of without and with PCM were studied to investigate the possibility of using PCM materials in water storage heating systems. Paraffin wax with a melting temperature of 52 °C is used as the PCM material. Results showed that PCM (can maintain the water temperature at a higher level than that of without using PCM that meets the thermal requirements of water heating storage systems for domestic application. Also, results showed that the water temperature at the end of the simulation reaches 39.7 and 48.2 °C for the cases of without and with using PCM respectively. This means the final temperature of with PCM case is 8.5 °C higher than that of without PCM case and a temperature increase of about 21.46% can be achieved. This study highlighted the advantage of using PCM materials in water storage heating systems.
Tunable thermal diffusion and heat accumulation in transparent materials based on varying the scanning speed of a femtosecond laser
Authors: Abbas AbdulSattar K. , Umran Fadhil A. , Elias Mazin M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Based on heat accumulation effects, symmetric optical waveguides in glass can be obtained via femtosecond laser irradiation. Such modification inside glass is interesting in terms of developing integrated mini-optical devices with 3-D structures and micro channels for biosensors. This work experimentally investigated the formation of micro-channels inside porous glass irradiated with an 800 nm, 100 fs, and 250 kHz femtosecond laser with scanning speeds ranging from 250 μm/s to 1000 μm/s at a fixed power of 300 mW. Strong heat accumulation effects were thus observed at laser scanning at 250μm/s, which offered significant variations in structure morphology.
Development, implementation, and evaluation of a health outcomes and research program at an integrated health-system specialty pharmacy
Authors: Zuckerman Autumn D , Shah Nisha B , Peter Megan E , Jolly Jacob A , Kelley Tara N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Health-system specialty pharmacies (HSSPs) provide high-quality, efficient, and collaborative care to patients receiving specialty therapy. Despite proven benefits of the integrated model, manufacturer and payer restrictions challenge the viability and utility of HSSPs. Vanderbilt Specialty Pharmacy developed a health outcomes and research program to measure and communicate the value of this model, drive improvement in patient care delivery, and advocate for recognition of HSSP pharmacists’ role in patient care. The purpose of this descriptive report is to describe the development and results of this program.

Summary
The health outcomes and research program began as an initiative for pharmacists to evaluate and convey the benefits they provide to patients, providers, and the health system. Early outcomes data proved useful in communicating the value of an integrated model to key stakeholders and highlighted the need to further develop research efforts. The department leadership invested resources to build a research program with dedicated personnel, engaged research experts to train pharmacists, and fostered internal and external collaborations to facilitate research efforts. As of March 2021, the health outcomes and research program team has published 33 peer-reviewed manuscripts, presented 88 posters and 7 podium presentations at national conferences, and received 4 monetary research awards. Further, the program team engages other HSSP teams to initiate and expand their own health outcomes research in an effort to empower all HSSPs in demonstrating their value.

Conclusions
The health outcomes and research program described has pioneered outcomes research among HSSPs nationwide and has proven valuable to specialty pharmacists, the health system, and key specialty pharmacy stakeholders.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Complications Associated With Autogenous Diced Cartilage Wrapped in Fascia Used in Nasal Dorsum Augmentation
Authors: Keyhan Seied Omid , Ramezanzade Shaqayeq , Bohluli Behnam , Fallahi Hamid Reza , Shakiba Madjid , Yates Julian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Nasal dorsum augmentation is a highly challenging rhinoplastic procedure. Problems encountered in this surgery, such as residual humps, irregularities, and asymmetry, account for a significant number of revision rhinoplasties.

Objectives
The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess complication rates and graft harvesting site morbidity and revision rates.

Methods
We carried out a systematic review of the literature for pertinent materials in PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar up to and including August 2020. In addition, the reference list of included studies was searched manually. The criteria used were those described in the PRISMA Declaration for performing systematic reviews.

Results
The initial search yielded 236 results. After 3 stages of screening, 16 papers (18 groups) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Our results indicated that the total rates for the complications studied were as follows: graft resorption, 2.52%; insufficient augmentation, 3.93%; deviation (graft displacement), 1.77%; infection, 2.30%; irregularity, 1.36%; supra-tip depression, 1.13%; overcorrection, 3.06%; hematoma at recipient site, 1.36%; and visible bulging of the graft, 2.64%. The total rates for donor site hypertrophic scar and donor site hematoma were 2.64% and 3.58%, respectively. The rate of the revision surgery was 3.03%.

Conclusions
Current findings suggest the overall complications and revision rates with the use of diced cartilage wrapped in fascia for dorsum augmentation were relatively low and this technique is a reliable treatment choice for patients with primary/secondary dorsum deficiencies. Further studies with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-ups, clearer definitions of complications, and objective measurements are warranted to draw reliable practical conclusions.

Level of Evidence: 4
亚洲人面部注射年轻化和美学形象整体设计新方案
Authors: 海燕 崔 , 海光 赵 , 海淞 徐 , 国宝 王 , 谭琳琳 和 
Published: March 2021

摘要

越来越多的亚洲人正在寻求非手术面部美容治疗。亚洲人的容貌、审美和解剖特征与西方人并不完全相同，同时还缺少系统化的美学评估和解决方案。作者从中国书法中吸取灵感，提出“未来”(Future Codes) 设计理念，来描述亚洲人面部美容注射艺术，从而帮助医生做好面部美容的设计与治疗。“未来”是由两个汉字组成的象形文字，翻译成英文就是“Future”，它代表着美好未来的意义，生动地描述了审美评估、设计及操作的方法。这一概念涵盖了亚洲人面部注射艺术的系统性总体设计，而且这些程序容易学习，执行起来也很安全。这是临床上第一个系统性解决方案，是通过东方哲学和文化针对亚洲人面部美化年轻化而提出的创新理念。

证据等级：5
Adhesive film applications help to prepare strawberry fruit sections for desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Enomoto Hirofumi 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTDesorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) is a powerful tool to analyze the distribution of metabolites in biological tissues. Cryosectioning of biological tissues is usually required prior to DESI-MSI, but it can be difficult for tissues that are fragile, hard, and have a high-water content. The Kawamoto method uses transparent adhesive films to prepare cryosections; however, its application for plant tissues, such as strawberry tissues, in DESI-MSI has not been verified. In this study, strawberry cryosections maintained original structures were prepared using adhesive film. Subsequently, numerous peaks were detected for the sections using the positive and negative ion modes of DESI-MSI. Several primary and specialized metabolites, such as amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and flavonoids, were identified and visualized. These results suggest the use of adhesive films when cryosectioning could improve DESI-MSI analysis of the metabolites in strawberry fruits and various tissues of other plant species.
The C-terminal of the α1b-adreneroceptor is a key determinant for its structure integrity and biological functions
Authors: Liu Ying , Shao Yu-Ting , Ward Richard , Ma Li , Gui Hao-Xin , Hao Qian , Mu Xi , Yang Yang , An Su , Guo Xiao-Xi , Xu Tian-Rui 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The C-terminal of G protein-coupled receptors is now recognized as being important for G protein activation and signaling function. To detect the role of C-terminal tail in receptor activation, we used the α1b-AR, which has a long C-terminal of 164 amino acids. We constructed the intramolecular FRET sensors, in which the C-terminal was truncated to 10 (∆C-10), 20 (∆C-20), 30 (∆C-30), 50 (∆C-50), 70 (∆C-70), or 90 (∆C-90). The truncated mutants of ∆C-10, ∆C-20, or ∆C-30 cannot induce FRET signal changes and downstream ERK1/2 phosphorylation. However, the truncated mutants of ∆C-50, ∆C-70, or ∆C-90 induce significant FRET signal changes and downstream ERK1/2 phosphorylation, especially ∆C-90. This is particularly true in the case of the ∆C-90, ∆C-70, or ∆C-50 which retained the potential phosphorylation sites (Ser401, Ser404, Ser408, or Ser410). The ∆C-90 showed an increase in agonist-induced FRET signal changes and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in PKC- or endocytosis-dependent and EGFR-, src-, or β-arrestin2-independent.
A new screening method for identifying chemosensory receptors responding to agonist
Authors: Tsuchiya Sakura , Terada Yuko , Matsuyama Minami , Yamazaki-Ito Toyomi , Ito Keisuke 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Humans sense taste and smell of various chemical substances through approximately 430 chemosensory receptors. The overall picture of ligand–chemosensory receptor interactions has been partially clarified because of numerous interactions. This study presents a new method that enables a rapid and simple screening of chemosensory receptors. It would be useful for identifying chemosensory receptors activated by taste and odor substances.
Extracellular matrix components and elasticity regulate mouse vaginal epithelial differentiation induced by mesenchymal cells
Authors: Nakajima Tadaaki , Kozuma Miyabi , Hirasawa Tomoko , Matsunaga Yukiko T , Tomooka Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Oviduct, uterus, and vagina are derived from Müllerian ducts. But only in the vagina, the epithelium differentiates into stratified layers. Organ-specific secreted factors derived from the stroma of a neonatal mouse induce epithelial differentiation in the female reproductive tracts. However, the effects of the components and mechanical property of extracellular matrix (ECM) on the regulation of gene expression in the mesenchymal cells of neonatal stroma and differentiation of epithelium in the female reproductive tracts have been overlooked. In the present study, we have developed a simple 3D neonatal vaginal model using clonal cell lines to study the effect of ECM’s components and stiffness on the epithelial stratification. Transcriptome analysis was performed by DNA-microarray to identify the components of ECM involved in the differentiation of vaginal epithelial stratification. The knockdown experiment of the candidate genes relating to vaginal epithelial stratification was focused on fibromodulin (Fmod), a collagen cross-linking protein. FMOD was essential for the expression of Bmp4, which encodes secreted factors to induce the epithelial stratification of vaginal mesenchymal cells. Furthermore, stiffer ECM as a scaffold for epithelial cells is necessary for vaginal epithelial stratification. Therefore, the components and stiffness of ECM are both crucial for the epithelial stratification in the neonatal vagina.
Beyond the Toxic Trio: Exploring Demand Typologies in Children’s Social Care
Authors: Hood Rick , Goldacre Allie , Webb Calum , Bywaters Paul , Gorin Sarah , Clements Keith 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDemand for children’s social care is often conflated with rates of intervention and associated with a limited constellation of parental risk factors. This article reports on a more comprehensive picture of demand obtained through a quantitative study of child welfare interventions in England. Longitudinal child-level data were combined from children’s social care services in six English local authorities over a four-year period (2015–2018). Latent class analysis was undertaken for a random sample of child episodes where an assessment was undertaken (n = 15,000). The results were tested for consistency across LAs and to identify the most appropriate number of classes. Conditional probabilities were used to interpret the demand represented by each class, and to explore the relationship between typologies and child characteristics such as age, gender and ethnicity. The analysis found seven classes, or typologies of demand, to be present in factors at assessment across all the LAs, which were linked to certain child characteristics and intervention pathways. The findings go beyond the ‘toxic trio’ terminology often used to profile risks to children and support the innovative use of administrative data to provide insight into patterns of demand. Implications are discussed for strategic responses to child welfare problems and the multi-agency context of prevention.
Systemic infection exacerbates cerebrovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Asby Daniel , Boche Delphine , Allan Stuart , Love Seth , Miners J Scott 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We studied the effects of systemic infection on brain cytokine level and cerebral vascular function in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, in superior temporal cortex (Brodmann area 22) from Alzheimer’s disease patients (n = 75), vascular dementia patients (n = 22) and age-matched control subjects (n = 46), stratified according to the presence or absence of terminal systemic infection. Brain cytokine levels were measured using Mesoscale Discovery Multiplex Assays and markers of cerebrovascular function were assessed by ELISA. Multiple brain cytokines were elevated in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia: IL-15 and IL-17A were maximally elevated in end-stage Alzheimer’s disease (Braak tangle stage V–VI) whereas IL-2, IL-5, IL12p40 and IL-16 were highest in intermediate Braak tangle stage III–IV disease. Several cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-15) were further raised in Alzheimer’s disease with systemic infection. Cerebral hypoperfusion—indicated by decreased MAG:PLP1 and increased vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF)—and blood–brain barrier leakiness, indicated by raised levels of fibrinogen, were exacerbated in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia patients, and also in non-dementia controls, with systemic infection. Amyloid-β42 level did not vary with infection or in association with brain cytokine levels. In controls, cortical perfusion declined with increasing IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) but these relationships were lost with progression of Alzheimer’s disease, and with infection (even in Braak stage 0–II brains). Cortical platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ), a pericyte marker, was reduced, and endothelin-1 (EDN1) level was increased in Alzheimer’s disease; these were related to amyloid-β level and disease progression and only modestly affected by systemic infection. Our findings indicate that systemic infection alters brain cytokine levels and exacerbates cerebral hypoperfusion and blood–brain barrier leakiness associated with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, independently of the level of insoluble amyloid-β, and highlight systemic infection as an important contributor to dementia, requiring early identification and treatment in the elderly population.
Vibration-based synchronous sampling and its application in wind-turbine drive-train-condition monitoring
Authors: Hu Ting , Wan Hongyi , Luo Huageng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Utilizing shaft-speed information to analyse vibration signals is an important method for fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of rotating machineries, especially for those running at variable speeds. However, in many cases, shaft-speed information is not always available, for a variety of reasons. Fortunately, in most of the measurements, the shaft-speed information is embedded in the vibration response in many different forms, such as in the format of the fundamental shaft-rotation-frequency response and its harmonics, and the gear-meshing-frequency response and its harmonics, etc. Proper signal processing can be used to extract the shaft instantaneous speed from the measured vibration responses.
In existing instantaneous shaft-speed-identification methods, a narrow-bandpass filtering technique is used explicitly or implicitly. In a complex gearbox system, such as that used in a wind turbine, the gear-meshing-response component could be modulated by many other shaft speeds, due to the configuration of the gearbox or due to the existence of component damage. As a result, it is very difficult to isolate a single vibration-response component for instantaneous shaft-speed detection.
In this paper, an innovative approach is presented. The instantaneous shaft speed is extracted based on maxima tracking from the vibration-response spectrogram. A numerical integration scheme is employed to obtain the shaft instantaneous phase. Digital-domain synchronous resampling is then applied to the vibration data by using the instantaneous phase information. Due to the nature of noise suppression in the numerical integration, the accuracy of synchronous sampling is greatly improved. This proposed approach demonstrates the feasibility and engineering applicability through a controlled laboratory test case and two field wind-turbine cases. More detailed results and conclusions of this research are presented at the end of this paper.
Unifying inference for semiparametric regression
Authors: Hong Shaoxin , Jiang Jiancheng , Jiang Xuejun , Xiao Zhijie 
Published: March 2021

SummaryIn the literature, a discrepancy in the limiting distributions of least square estimators between the stationary and nonstationary cases exists in various regression models with different persistence level regressors. This hinders further statistical inference since one has to decide which distribution should be used next. In this paper, we develop a semiparametric partially linear regression model with stationary and nonstationary regressors to attenuate this difficulty, and propose a unifying inference procedure for the coefficients. To be specific, we propose a profile weighted estimation equation method that facilitates the unifying inference. The proposed method is applied to the predictive regressions of stock returns, and an empirical likelihood procedure is developed to test the predictability. It is shown that the Wilks theorem holds for the empirical likelihood ratio regardless of predictors being stationary or not, which provides a unifying method for constructing confidence regions of the coefficients of state variables. Simulations show that the proposed method works well and has favourable finite sample performance over some existing approaches. An empirical application examining the predictability of equity returns highlights the value of our methodology.
Atrial fibrillation is associated with large beat-to-beat variability in mitral and tricuspid annulus dimensions
Authors: Naser Jwan A , Kucuk Hilal Olgun , Ciobanu Andrea O , Jouni Hayan , Oguz Didem , Thaden Jeremy J , Pislaru Cristina , Pellikka Patricia A , Foley Thomas A , Eleid Mackram F , Muraru Denisa , Nkomo Vuyisile T , Pislaru Sorin V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Beat-to-beat variability in cycle length is well-known in atrial fibrillation (Afib); whether this also translates to variability in annulus size remains unknown. Defining annulus maximal size in Afib is critical for accurate selection of percutaneous devices given the frequent association with mitral and tricuspid valve diseases.

Methods and results
Images were obtained from 170 patients undergoing 3D echocardiography [100 (50 sinus rhythm (SR) and 50 Afib) for mitral annulus (MA) and 70 (35 SR and 35 Afib) for tricuspid annulus (TA)]. Images were analysed for differences in annular dynamics with a commercially available software. Number of cardiac cycles analysed was 567 in mitral valve and 346 in tricuspid valve. Median absolute difference in maximal MA area over four to six cycles was 1.8 cm2 (range 0.5–5.2 cm2) in Afib vs. 0.8 cm2 (range 0.1–2.9 cm2) in SR, P &lt; 0.001. Maximal MA area was observed within 30–70% of the R-R interval in 81% of cardiac cycles in SR and in 73% of cycles in Afib. Median absolute difference in maximal TA area over four to six cycles was 1.4 cm2 (range 0.5–3.6 cm2) in Afib vs. 0.7 cm2 (range 0.3–1.7 cm2) in SR, P &lt; 0.001. Maximal TA area was observed within 60–100% of the R-R interval in 81% of cardiac cycles in SR, but only in 49% of cycles in Afib.

Conclusion
MA and TA reach maximal size within a broad time interval centred around end-systole and end-diastole, respectively, with significant beat-to-beat variability. Afib leads to a larger beat-to-beat variability in both timing of occurrence and values of annulus size than in SR.
Policies in Hard Times: Assessing the Impact of Financial Crises on Structural Reforms
Authors: Gokmen Gunes , Nannicini Tommaso , Gaetano Onorato Massimiliano , Papageorgiou Chris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is argued that crises open up a window of opportunity to implement policies that otherwise would not have the necessary political backing. We show that not only is the crises–reforms nexus unfounded in the data, but rather crises are associated with a reversal of liberalisation interventions depending on the institutional environment. We find that, in democratic countries, crises occurrences have no significant impact on liberalisation measures. On the contrary, after a crisis, autocracies reduce liberalisation in multiple economic sectors, which we interpret as the fear of regime change leading non-democratic rulers to please vested economic interests.
Fraud Deterrence Institutions Reduce Intrinsic Honesty
Authors: Galeotti Fabio , Maggian Valeria , Villeval Marie Claire 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impact of deterrence institutions beyond their immediate scope of application is unknown. Using a quasi-experiment with naturally occurring variation in inspections, we found evidence of spillover effects across contexts. We identified fraudsters and non-fraudsters on public transport who were or not exposed to ticket inspections. We measured the intrinsic honesty of the same persons in a new context where they could misappropriate money. Instead of having an educative effect across contexts, the exposure to deterrence practices increased unethical behaviour of fraudsters but also, strikingly, of non-fraudsters. Learning about the prevailing norm is the likely channel of this spillover effect.