bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of bacillus Calmette‐Guerin intravesical therapy on the diagnostic efficacy of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology in patients with high‐grade bladder cancer
Authors: Hermans Julian , Jokisch Friedrich , Volz Yannic , Eismann Lennert , Pfitzinger Paulo , Ebner Benedikt , Weinhold Philipp , Schlenker Boris , Stief Christian G. , Tritschler Stefan , Schulz Gerald B. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIn high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder, bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) therapy is a therapeutic mainstay, and urinary cytology is recommended to detect recurrences. However, intravesical BCG instillations can induce morphologic changes in urothelial cells. The authors investigated the impact of BCG therapy on the efficacy of urinary cytology.MethodsMatched pathology and cytology samples from patients undergoing transurethral resection of the bladder after BCG therapy were assessed. Cytology samples were graded according to The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology. Diagnostic quality criteria were tested for different cutoff definitions, and the results were compared between those obtained <100 versus ≥100 days after the last BCG instillation. In addition, the oncologic outcome of false‐positive results was assessed.ResultsIn total, 389 matched cases from 197 patients who had a history of high‐grade UC (HGUC) were identified. Sixty cases (15.7%) were diagnosed as high‐grade urothelial bladder cancer. The cytology diagnoses were as follows: non‐HGUC, 191 cases (49.1%); atypical urothelial cells, 80 cases (20.6%); suspicious for HGUC, 56 cases (14.4%); and HGUC, 56 cases (14.4%). Interrater reliability was substantial (κ = 0.660). Sensitivity increased from 45% to 75% when cases diagnosed as suspicious for HGUC were also counted as positive. Notably, sensitivity was reduced within the first 100 days after BCG therapy (61.9%) compared with sensitivity at longer intervals (82.1%). Reactive atypia (odds ratio, 4.155; 95% confidence interval, 2.136‐8.085; P < .001) and cellular degeneration (odds ratio, 5.050; 95% CI, 2.094‐12.175; P < .001) of urothelial cells were associated with false‐positive rates, and 44.7% of patients who had a false‐positive cytology classification presented with HGUC during follow‐up.ConclusionsBCG therapy has a short‐term adverse impact on the efficacy of urinary cytology. After BCG therapy, cases classified as suspicious for HGUC should be considered positive. Importantly, patients with false‐positive cytology findings should be closely monitored.
Spatial covariation in nutrient enrichment and fishing of herbivores in an oceanic coral reef ecosystem
Authors: Holbrook Sally J. , Wencélius Jean , Dubel Alexandra K. , Adam Thomas C. , Cook Dana C. , Hunter Chelsea E. , Lauer Matthew , Lester Sarah E. , Miller Scott D. , Rassweiler Andrew , Schmitt Russell J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBoth natural and anthropogenic stressors are increasing on coral reefs, resulting in large‐scale loss of coral and potential shifts from coral‐ to macroalgae‐dominated community states. Two factors implicated in shifts to macroalgae are nutrient enrichment and fishing of reef herbivores. Although either of these factors alone could facilitate establishment of macroalgae, reefs may be particularly vulnerable to coral‐to‐algae phase shifts in which strong bottom‐up forcing from nutrient enrichment is accompanied by a weakening of herbivore control of macroalgae via intense fishing. We explored spatial heterogeneity and covariance in these drivers on reefs in the lagoons of Moorea, French Polynesia, where the local fishery heavily targets herbivorous fishes and there are spatially variable inputs of nutrients from agricultural fertilizers and wastewater systems. Spatial patterns of fishing and nutrient enrichment were not correlated at the two landscape scales we examined: among the 11 interconnected lagoons around the island or among major habitats (fringing reef, mid‐lagoon, back reef) within a lagoon. This decoupling at the landscape scale resulted from patterns of covariation between enrichment and fishing that differed qualitatively between cross‐shore and long‐shore directions. At the cross‐shore scale, nutrient enrichment declined but fishing increased from shore to the crest of the barrier reef. By contrast, nutrient enrichment and fishing were positively correlated in the long‐shore direction, with both increasing with proximity to a pass in the barrier reef. Contrary to widespread assumptions in the scientific literature that human coastal population density correlates with impact on marine ecosystems and that fishing effort declines linearly with distance from the shore, these local stressors produced a complex spatial mosaic of reef vulnerabilities. Our findings support spatially explicit management involving the control of anthropogenic nutrients and strategic reductions in fishing pressure on herbivores by highlighting specific areas to target for management actions.
Is evolution faster at ecotones? A test using rates and tempo of diet transitions in Neotropical Sigmodontinae (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Authors: Luza André Luís , Maestri Renan , Debastiani Vanderlei Júlio , Patterson Bruce D. , Hartz Sandra Maria , Duarte Leandro D. S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe evaluated whether evolution is faster at ecotones as niche shifts may be needed to persist under unstable environment. We mapped diet evolution along the evolutionary history of 350 sigmodontine species. Mapping was used in three new tip‐based metrics of trait evolution – Transition Rates, Stasis Time, and Last Transition Time – which were spatialized at the assemblage level (aTR, aST, aTL). Assemblages were obtained by superimposing range maps on points located at core and ecotone of the 93 South American ecoregions. Using Linear Mixed Models, we tested whether ecotones have species with more changes from the ancestral diet (higher aTR), have maintained the current diet for a shorter time (lower aST), and have more recent transitions to the current diet (lower aLT) than cores. We found lower aTR, and higher aST and aLT at ecotones than at cores. Although ecotones are more heterogeneous, both environmentally and in relation to selection pressures they exert on organisms, ecotone species change little from the ancestral diet as generalist habits are necessary toward feeding in ephemeral environments. The need to incorporate phylogenetic uncertainty in tip‐based metrics was evident from large uncertainty detected. Our study integrates ecology and evolution by analyzing how fast trait evolution is across space.
A motivational framework of religion: Tying together the why and the how of religion
Authors: Vishkin Allon , Ben‐Nun Bloom Pazit , Arikan Gizem , Ginges Jeremy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo lines of research in the psychology of religion have developed independently of each other: why people are religious and how they are religious. Leveraging theories of goal constructs, we propose that these two lines of research are connected, such that religious expressions are the manifestation of religious motivations. In Part I, we build and test a model of relations between religious motivations and religious expressions using data from Christians in the United Kingdom (Study 1; N = 418) and Jews in Israel (Study 2; N = 505). In Part II, we demonstrate the utility of the model by showing how relations between religiosity and political ideology can be understood by this integrated model. We discuss how this model advances research on the psychology of religion beyond the refinement of typologies and how it can be used to model associations between religiosity and other constructs.
Impact of preoperative and intraoperative management on outcomes in osteoradionecrosis requiring free flap reconstruction
Authors: Mayland Erica , Curry Joseph M. , Wax Mark K. , Thomas Carissa M. , Swendseid Brian P. , Kejner Alexandra E. , Kain Joshua J. , Cannady Steven B. , Miles Brett A. , DiLeo Michael , McMullen Caitlin , Tasche Kendall , Ferrandino Rocco M. , Sarwary Juliana , Petrisor Daniel , Sweeny Larissa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative management of advanced osteoradionecrosis of the head and neck requiring free flap (FF) reconstruction varies. Our objectives included assessment of practice patterns and outcomes.MethodsMulti‐institutional, retrospective review of FF reconstruction for head and neck osteoradionecrosis (n = 260).ResultsAdministration of preoperative antibiotics did not correlate with reduction in postoperative complications. Preoperative alcohol use correlated with higher rates of hardware exposure (p = 0.03) and 30‐day readmission (p = 0.04). Patients with FF compromise had higher TSH (p = 0.04) and lower albumin levels (p = 0.005). Prealbumin levels were lower in patients who required neck washouts (p = 0.02) or a second FF (p = 0.03). TSH levels were higher in patients undergoing postoperative debridement (p = 0.03) or local flap procedures (p = 0.04).ConclusionMalnutrition, hypothyroidism, and substance abuse correlated with a higher incidence of postoperative wound complications in patients undergoing FF reconstruction for advanced osteoradionecrosis. Preoperative antibiotics use did not correlate with a reduction in postoperative wound complications.
Use of the comprehensive geriatric assessment for the prediction of postoperative complications in elderly patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Han Seung Hoon , Cho Deuktae , Mohammad Ramla , Jung Young Ho , Ahn Soon‐Hyun , Cha Wonjae , Jeong Woo‐Jin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the efficacy of preoperative Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) in predicting postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery.MethodsMedical records of patients aged ≥70 who underwent elective head and neck cancer surgery were reviewed. CGA scores were prospectively collected prior to surgery and analyzed to determine their association with postoperative complications.ResultsOf the 65 patients enrolled in this study, 34 (52.3%) with deficits in two or more preoperative CGA domains were categorized as “frail.” Fourteen patients (21.5%) experienced postoperative complications. Age was not a risk factor for the complications (p = 0.504). The multivariate analysis indicated that major postoperative complications were significantly associated with frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 21.9, p = 0.039), operation time (OR = 39, p = 0.048), and estimated blood loss (OR = 19.8, p = 0.043).ConclusionsFrailty assessed by preoperative CGA, but not chronological age, was significantly associated with major postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery.
The experimental study of regeneration of annulus fibrosus using decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix/poly(ether carbonate urethane)urea‐blended fibrous scaffolds with varying elastic moduli
Authors: Liu Chen , Li Yu , Zhang Yu , Xu Hongguang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough tissue engineering has attracted increasing attention for the treatment of degenerative intervertebral disc disease, the biochemical properties, structural organization, and mechanical characteristics of annulus fibrosus tissue have restricted progress. Differentiation of annulus fibrosus‐derived stem cells (AFSCs) can be regulated by the elasticity of substrates such as poly(ether carbonate urethane)urea (PECUU). Decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix (DAFM) has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, making it suitable for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, we used a coaxial electrospinning method to synthesize DAFM/PECUU‐blended fibrous scaffolds with elasticities approximating that of native inner and outer annulus fibrosus tissue. AFSCs cultured on DAFM/PECUU‐blended fibrous scaffolds exhibited increased collagen type I gene expression with increasing elasticity of the scaffold material; notably, collagen type II and aggrecan gene expression exhibited the opposite trend. Regarding extracellular matrix secretion, collagen type I content gradually increased with substrate elasticity, while collagen type II and aggrecan contents decreased. In vivo evaluations employing magnetic resonance imaging, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry indicated that DAFM/PECUU‐blended fibrous scaffolds could effectively repair defects of annulus fibrosus tissue. Our findings provide a theoretical and practical basis for the development of bionic annulus fibrosus tissue that closely mimics the biological properties, mechanical function, and matrix composition of native tissue.
Insight into the interaction mechanisms of N2/H2O/CO2/C mixture at extreme conditions by reactive molecular dynamic simulations
Authors: Ji Jincheng , Zhu Weihua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) is used to simulate the dynamics of a four‐component mixture containing the detonation products H2O, CO2, N2, and C under high temperatures coupled with high pressures. The thermodynamic properties and interactions of the system were analyzed, and the existence form of carbon clusters was clarified. The results show that the higher the temperature, the faster the potential energy of the system reaches the stable value. There are different types of carbon clusters formed in the system, and most of them include C, N, and O. Carbon clusters with only C atoms are very few. This is due to the high activity of the N and O radicals at high temperature, which form new bonds with the C atoms easily. Besides, the ring‐shaped carbon clusters appear with the increase in pressure. It may be inferred that large carbon clusters are easy to form in the temperature range 2000–3000 K and pressure range 25–35 GPa. Our research provides a new insights into the interaction and thermodynamic properties of four‐component detonation products under extreme conditions and is helpful for designing new explosives and establishing their equations of state.
Cross‐Cohort Automatic Knee MRI Segmentation With Multi‐Planar U‐Nets
Authors: Perslev Mathias , Pai Akshay , Runhaar Jos , Igel Christian , Dam Erik B. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundSegmentation of medical image volumes is a time‐consuming manual task. Automatic tools are often tailored toward specific patient cohorts, and it is unclear how they behave in other clinical settings.PurposeTo evaluate the performance of the open‐source Multi‐Planar U‐Net (MPUnet), the validated Knee Imaging Quantification (KIQ) framework, and a state‐of‐the‐art two‐dimensional (2D) U‐Net architecture on three clinical cohorts without extensive adaptation of the algorithms.Study TypeRetrospective cohort study.SubjectsA total of 253 subjects (146 females, 107 males, ages 57 ± 12 years) from three knee osteoarthritis (OA) studies (Center for Clinical and Basic Research [CCBR], Osteoarthritis Initiative [OAI], and Prevention of OA in Overweight Females [PROOF]) with varying demographics and OA severity (64/37/24/53/2 scans of Kellgren and Lawrence [KL] grades 0–4).Field Strength/Sequence0.18 T, 1.0 T/1.5 T, and 3 T sagittal three‐dimensional fast‐spin echo T1w and dual‐echo steady‐state sequences.AssessmentAll models were fit without tuning to knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with manual segmentations from three clinical cohorts. All models were evaluated across KL grades.Statistical TestsSegmentation performance differences as measured by Dice coefficients were tested with paired, two‐sided Wilcoxon signed‐rank statistics with significance threshold α = 0.05.ResultsThe MPUnet performed superior or equal to KIQ and 2D U‐Net on all compartments across three cohorts. Mean Dice overlap was significantly higher for MPUnet compared to KIQ and U‐Net on CCBR ( vs. and ), significantly higher than KIQ and U‐Net OAI ( vs. and , and not significantly different from KIQ while significantly higher than 2D U‐Net on PROOF ( vs. , , and . The MPUnet performed significantly better on KL grade 3 CCBR scans with vs. for KIQ and for 2D U‐Net.Data ConclusionThe MPUnet matched or exceeded the performance of state‐of‐the‐art knee MRI segmentation models across cohorts of variable sequences and patient demographics. The MPUnet required no manual tuning making it both accurate and easy‐to‐use.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
External Validation of the Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa Model Performance in Evaluating the Risk of Ovarian Carcinoma Before Surgery in China: A Tertiary Center Study
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Zhao Yuli , Feng Li 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesThe Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model was developed by the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis group to assess the risk of an ovarian mass being malignant. This study aimed to externally validate the ADNEX model performance in a tertiary center in China.MethodsThis retrospective, single‐center university hospital study assessed the model diagnostic accuracy. All patients were examined by transvaginal ultrasonography, and serum CA125 levels were measured. Moreover, clinicopathological information was collected. The diagnostic performance of the ADNEX model was calculated with and without CA125 as a predictor.ResultsWe retrieved data of 335 patients, of which 53 were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Of the included 282 patients, 178 (63.1%) had benign tumors, and 104 (36.9%) had malignant tumors. When CA125 was factored in, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the distinction between benign and malignant tumors was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.96), whereas it was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.95) without CA125. The concordance between the predicted risk of malignancy and the proportion of observed malignancies was well demonstrated by the calibration plots.ConclusionsThe proper performance of the ADNEX model was verified externally in a tertiary center in China, showing a good distinction between tumour subtypes. Our findings suggest the ADNEX model is a valuable tool in clinical practice and may help in managing patients with adnexal masses.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant: Characteristics and prevention
Authors: He Xuemei , Hong Weiqi , Pan Xiangyu , Lu Guangwen , Wei Xiawei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has brought about a great threat to global public health. Recently, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variant B.1.1.529 has been reported in South Africa and induced a rapid increase in COVID‐19 cases. On November 24, 2021, B.1.1.529 named Omicron was designated as a variant under monitoring (VUM) by World Health Organization (WHO). Two days later, the Omicron variant was classified as a variant of concern (VOC). This variant harbors a high number of mutations, including 15 mutations in the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of spike. The Omicron variant also shares several mutations with the previous VOC Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants, which immediately raised global concerns about viral transmissibility, pathogenicity, and immune evasion. Here we described the discovery and characteristics of the Omicron variant, compared the mutations of the spike in the five VOCs, and further raised possible strategies to prevent and overcome the prevalence of the Omicron variant.
Mild Chronic Colitis Triggers Parkinsonism in LRRK2 Mutant Mice Through Activating TNF‐α Pathway
Authors: Lin Chin‐Hsien , Lin Han‐Yi , Ho En‐Pong , Ke Yi‐Ci , Cheng Mei‐Fang , Shiue Chyng‐Yann , Wu Chi‐Han , Liao Peng‐Hsiang , Hsu Angela Yu‐Huey , Chu Li‐An , Liu Ya‐Ding , Lin Ya‐Hui , Tai Yi‐Cheng , Shun Chia‐Tung , Chiu Han‐Mo , Wu Ming‐Shiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a common risk gene for Parkinson's disease (PD) and inflammatory bowel disorders. However, the penetrance of the most prevalent LRRK2 mutation, G2019S, is <50%. Factors other than genetic mutations are needed in PD process.ObjectivesTo examine whether and how gut inflammation may act as an environmental trigger to neurodegeneration in PD.MethodsA mild and chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis mice model harboring LRRK2 G2019S mutation was established. The colitis severity, immune responses, locomotor function, dopaminergic neuron, and microglia integrity were compared between littermate controls, transgenic LRRK2 wild type (WT), and LRRK2 G2019S mice.ResultsThe LRRK2 G2019S mice are more vulnerable to DSS‐induced colitis than littermate controls or LRRK2 WT animals with increased intestinal expressions of pattern‐recognition receptors, including toll‐like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines secretion, especially tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Notably, the colonic expression of α‐synuclein was significantly increased in LRRK2 G2019S colitis mice. We subsequently observed more aggravated locomotor defect, microglia activation, and dopaminergic neuron loss in LRRK2 G2019S colitis mice than control animals. Treatment with anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibody, adalimumab, abrogated both gut and neuroinflammation, mitigated neurodegeneration, and improved locomotor function in LRRK2 G2019S colitis mice. Finally, we validated increased colonic expressions of LRRK2, TLRs, and NF‐κB pathway proteins and elevated plasma TNF‐α level in PD patients compared to controls, especially in those with LRRK2 risk variants.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that chronic colitis promotes parkinsonism in genetically susceptible mice and TNF‐α plays a detrimental role in the gut‐brain axis of PD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
High‐frequency noise modeling of GAN HEMT with double recessed barrier layer
Authors: Wu Zhaohui , Li Shanshan , Li Bin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA physics‐based high‐frequency noise model of AlGaN/GaN HEMT with double recessed barrier layer (DRBL) is presented. A conventional GaN HEMT model is established on TCAD and verified by measurement results. A noise model of DRBL GaN HEMT up to 40 GHz is investigated based on the established model. The results show that DRBL HEMT reduces the high frequency noise and the reduction becomes more obvious as the frequency increases. Further investigation about noise performance is studied by changing the depth and length of the recessed regions. The results show that DRBL HEMT obtains the best noise performance when the length and depth are 400 nm and 9 nm respectively and has application potential in the development of millimeter waves low noise devices.
High rate of abnormal findings in Prenatal Exome Trio in low risk pregnancies and apparently normal fetuses
Authors: Vaknin Noam , Azoulay Noy , Tsur Erez , Tripolszki Kornelia , Urzi Alice , Rolfs Arndt , Bauer Peter , Achiron Reuven , Lipitz Shlomo , Goldberg Yael , Berger Rachel , Shohat Mordechai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveData on the value of exome sequencing in fetuses with no structural anomalies are limited, especially in the early stages of pregnancy and in low risk pregnancies. We investigated the yield of targeted clinical prenatal trio exome sequencing (pES) in pregnancies with and without fetal structural anomalies.MethodsWe performed pES in 353 pregnancies: Group 1 included 143 pregnancies with high clinical suspicion for a genetic disease: pregnancies with increased nuchal translucency, ultrasound structural defects, intrauterine growth restriction, polyhydramnios, or effusion/nuchal edema. Group 2 included 210 pregnancies with no notable abnormal fetal ultrasound findings. 2a. Low risk pregnancies with minor ultrasound findings, referred to the geneticist due to mildly increased risk for genetic disease (50); and 2b. Normal pregnancy surveillance (160).ResultsOverall, 26 (7.36%) fetal analyses had pathogenic (P)/likely pathogenic (LP) variants. In group 1, 20/143 (13.99%) cases had P/LP variants. In group 2, 6/210 (2.86%) cases were found to have P/LP variants [5/50 in (2a) and 1/160 in (2b)].ConclusionThese results show a high rate of abnormal findings on pES even in apparently normal pregnancies.