bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in SARS-CoV-2 infected biomedical waste among low middle-income countries: environmental sustainability and impact with health implications
Authors: Olaniyan Olugbemi T. , Dare Ayobami , Okoli Bamidele , Adetunji Charles O. , Ibitoye Babatunde O. , Okotie Gloria E. , Eweoya Olugbenga 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Studies have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease, with global deaths rising to about 360,438 as of 28 May 2020. Different countries have used various approaches such as lockdown, social distancing, maintenance of personal hygiene, and increased establishment of testing and isolation centers to manage the pandemic. Poor biomedical waste (BMW) management, treatment, and disposal techniques, especially SARS-CoV-2 infected BMW, may threaten the environmental and public health in most developing countries and, by extension, impact the economic status of individuals and the nation at large. This may increase the potential for the transmission of air/blood body fluid-borne pathogens, increase the growth of microorganisms, risk of mutagenesis, and upsurge of more virulent strain. In contrast, uncontrolled substandard burning could increase the potential spread of nosocomial infection and environmental exposure to toxic organic compounds, heavy metals, radioactive, and genotoxic bio-aerosols which might be present in the gaseous, liquid, and solid by-products. The paucity of understanding of pathophysiology and management of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has also necessitated the need to put in place appropriate disposal techniques to cater for the sudden increase in the global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) and pharmaceutical drugs to manage the pandemic and to reduce the risk of preventable infection by the waste. Therefore, there is a need for adequate sensitization, awareness, and environmental monitoring of the impacts of improper handling of SARS-CoV-2 infected BMWs. Hence, this review aimed to address the issues relating to the improper management of increased SARS-CoV-2 infected BMW in low middle-income countries (LMICs).
Changes in the presentation of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary center in Southern Turkey
Authors: Dilek Semine Özdemir , Gürbüz Fatih , Turan İhsan , Celiloğlu Can , Yüksel Bilgin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate patients who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during the pandemic and evaluate the effect of the pandemic on the clinical findings of these patients by comparing them with findings from a year prior.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus between 2019 and 2021 were separated into two groups: Patients diagnosed prepandemic and those diagnosed during the pandemic.

Results
The number of newly diagnosed diabetes cases increased from 46 in the prepandemic period to 74 in the pandemic period. The number of cases diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the clinic increased from 58.7 to 91.9%. We found that moderate and severe DKA rates from 18.5 and 14.8% to 23.5 and 22.1%, respectively. Besides, the average HbA1c was higher, while the average bicarbonate was lower in cases diagnosed during the pandemic period compared to the prepandemic period (p=0.048 and p<0.001, respectively). We found that celiac autoantibody positivity antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti GAD) positivity, and islet cell antibodies (ICA), ICA and anti GAD positivity coexistence were higher (p=0.045, p=0.008, and p=0.007, respectively) among the patients diagnosed during the pandemic.

Conclusions
We observed an increase in the number of patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, an increase in autoantibody positivity, and higher rates and severity of DKA during the COVID-19 pandemic period compared to the prepandemic period.
The usefulness of copeptin for the diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in infancy: a case report
Authors: Bitencourt Letícia , Fischer Bruna Luisa , de Oliveira Campos Juliana Lacerda , Vaz de Castro Pedro Alves Soares , Soares de Brito Stephanie Bruna Camilo , Versiani Carolina Mazieiro , Soares Beatriz Santana , Drummond Juliana Beaudette , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We report a case of an infant with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) diagnosed by the measurement of serum copeptin. There is only one study that previously evaluated the use of copeptin measurement in a pediatric patient.

Case presentation
We present a 10-month-old child with polyuria–polydipsia syndrome (PPS) and hypernatremia that could not support water restriction due to increased risk of dehydration and worsening of his condition. Therefore, plasma measurement of copeptin allowed the diagnosis of NDI.

Conclusions
The water deprivation test (WDT) is considered the gold standard for diagnosis in PPS. However, WDT has serious limitations regarding its interpretation. Furthermore, the WDT can cause dehydration and hypernatremia, especially in young children. Therefore, the measurement of plasma copeptin seems to be a promising method to perform an earlier, safer, and accurate investigation of PPS. Up to now, our study is the second to report the usefulness of copeptin in children.
Strong coupling of a plasmonic nanoparticle to a semiconductor nanowire
Authors: Jin Yingying , Yang Liu , Pan Chenxinyu , Shi Zhangxing , Cui Bowen , Xu Peizhen , Yang Yuxin , Zhou Ning , Guo Xin , Wang Pan , Tong Limin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
By placing a single Au nanoparticle on the surface of a cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowire, we demonstrate strong coupling of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes in the nanoparticle and whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in the nanowire. For a 50-nm-diameter Au-nanosphere particle, strong coupling occurs when the nanowire diameter is between 300 and 600 nm, with a mode splitting up to 80 meV. Using a temperature-induced spectral shift of the resonance wavelength, we also observe the anticrossing behavior in the strongly coupled system. In addition, since the Au nanosphere has spherical symmetry, the supported LSPR mode can be selectively coupled with transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) WGMs in the nanowire. The ultracompact strong-coupling system shown here may provide a versatile platform for studying hybrid “photon–plasmon” nanolasers, nonlinear optical devices, and nanosensors.
Edge detection with meta-lens: from one dimension to three dimensions
Authors: Chen Mu Ku , Yan Yue , Liu Xiaoyuan , Wu Yongfeng , Zhang Jingcheng , Yuan Jiaqi , Zhang Zhengnan , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Meta-lens has successfully been developed for a variety of optical functions. We demonstrate a light-field edge detection imaging system with a gallium nitride achromatic meta-lens array. It enables edge detection from one dimension to three dimensions. The designed meta-lens array consists of 60 by 60 achromatic meta-lenses, which operate in the visible range from 400 to 660 nm. All of the light field information of objects in the scene can be captured and computed. The focused edge images from one dimension to three dimensions are extracted with depth estimation by image rendering. Three dimensions edge detection is two dimensions edge imaging with depth information. The focused edge images can be obtained by the sub-image reconstruction of the light field image. Our multidimensional edge detection system by achromatic meta-lens array brings novel advantages, such as broadband detection, data volume reduction, and device miniaturization capacity. Results of our experiments show new insight into applications of biological diagnose and robotic vision.
Spiritual Care als Lehrangebot an der Universität Zürich
Authors: Hasenfratz Karin , Rodenkirch Rahel , Köster Silvia , Mörgeli Hanspeter , Peng-Keller Simon 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Spiritual Care etabliert sich im klinischen Kontext zunehmend als interprofessionelle Aufgabe, was einer angemessenen Form der Ausbildung bedarf. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet das an der Universität Zürich seit 2016 angebotene Wahlpflichtmodul „Spiritual Care“ für Medizin- und Theologiestudierende, welches informative, formative und transformative Bildungsdimensionen berücksichtigt. Präsentiert werden die quantitativen Ergebnisse einer Studie, die die Einstellungen und die Lernprozesse der beteiligten Studierenden befragte. Untersucht wurden die Einstellungen der Studierenden zu Spiritualität und Religiosität, Hinderungsgründe für Gespräche über spirituelle Aspekte und Veränderung dieser Einschätzungen während des Moduls. Dazu wurden die Daten von insgesamt 72 Teilnehmenden aus 5 Kohorten (Herbstsemester 2016 bis Herbstsemester 2018) ausgewertet. Die Studierenden füllten zu Beginn und am Ende des Moduls einen Fragebogen aus, der in Anlehnung an die deutsche Version des NERSH-Fragebogens gestaltet wurde und vorwiegend Antwortmöglichkeiten auf einer Likert-Skala enthält. Der Lernprozess führte dazu, dass die Studierenden sich am Ende des Moduls als kompetenter einschätzten, spirituelle Themen in Gesprächen mit Patienten und Patientinnen anzusprechen. Zudem befürchteten die Studierenden weniger, sich selber emotional in solchen Gesprächen zu überfordern oder die Balance zwischen professioneller Distanz und zwischenmenschlicher Nähe nicht halten zu können.
The State of Custom: Gerd Spittler’s “Dispute settlement in the shadow of Leviathan” (1980) today
Authors: Beyer Judith , Girke Felix 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn our article, we engage with the anthropologist Gerd Spittler’s pathbreaking article “Dispute settlement in the shadow of Leviathan” (1980) in which he strives to integrate the existence of state courts (the eponymous Leviathan’s shadow) in (post-)colonial Africa into the analysis on non-state court legal practices. According to Spittler, it is because of undesirable characteristics inherent in state courts that the disputing parties tended to rather involve mediators than pursue a state court judgment. The less people liked state courts, the more likely they were to (re-)turn to dispute settlement procedures. Now how has this situation changed in the last four decades since its publication date? We relate his findings to contemporary debates in legal anthropology that investigate the relationship between disputing, law and the state. We also show through our own work in Africa and Asia, particularly in Southern Ethiopia and Kyrgyzstan, in what ways Spittler’s by now classical contribution to the field of legal anthropology in 1980 can be made fruitful for a contemporary anthropology of the state at a time when not only (legal) anthropology has changed, but especially the way states deal with putatively “customary” forms of dispute settlement.
A Direct Comparison of Afferents to the Rat Anterior Thalamic Nuclei and Nucleus Reuniens: Overlapping But Different
Authors: Mathiasen Mathias L. , Nelson Andrew J. D. , Amin Eman , O’Mara Shane M. , Aggleton John P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBoth nucleus reuniens and the anterior thalamic nuclei are densely interconnected with medial cortical and hippocampal areas, connections that reflect their respective contributions to learning and memory. To better appreciate their comparative roles, pairs of different retrograde tracers were placed in these two thalamic sites in adult rats. Both thalamic sites receive modest cortical inputs from layer V that contrasted with much denser projections from layer VI. Despite frequent overlap in layer VI, ventral prefrontal and anterior cingulate inputs to nucleus reuniens were concentrated in the deepest sublayer (VIb). Meanwhile, inputs to the anterior thalamic nuclei originated more evenly from both sublayers VIa and VIb, with the result that they were often located more superficially than the projections to nucleus reuniens. Again, while the many hippocampal (subiculum) neurons projecting to nucleus reuniens and the anterior thalamic nuclei were partially intermingled within the deep cellular parts of the subiculum, cells projecting to nucleus reuniens consistently tended to lie even deeper (i.e., immediately adjacent to the alveus). Variable numbers of double-labeled cells were present in those cortical and subicular portions where the two cell populations intermingled, though they remained in a minority. Our data also show how projections to these two thalamic sites are organized in opposing dorsal/ventral and rostral/caudal gradients across both the cortex and hippocampal formation. While the anterior thalamic nuclei are preferentially innervated by dorsal cortical sites, more ventral frontal sites preferentially reach nucleus reuniens. These anatomic differences may underpin the complementary cognitive functions of these two thalamic areas.
SCD Inhibition Protects from α-Synuclein-Induced Neurotoxicity But Is Toxic to Early Neuron Cultures
Authors: Nicholatos Justin W. , Groot Joost , Dhokai Shekhar , Tran David , Hrdlicka Lori , Carlile Thomas M. , Bennion Melissa , Dalkilic-Liddle Isin , Hirst Warren D. , Weihofen Andreas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere, we report the independent discovery and validation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) as a modulator of α-synuclein (αSyn)-induced pathology and toxicity in cell-based Parkinson’s disease (PD) models. We identified SCD as top altered gene from transcriptional profiling in primary neurons exogenously expressing αSyn with the amplified familial PD mutation 3K. Thus, we sought to further explore SCD as a therapeutic target in neurodegeneration. We report that SCD inhibitors are toxic to early human and rat neuron cultures while displaying minimal toxicity to late cultures. The fatty acid product of SCD, oleic acid (OLA), fully rescues this toxicity in early cultures, suggesting on-target toxicity. Furthermore, SCD inhibition rescues αSyn 3K-induced toxicity in late primary neurons. We also confirm that SCD inhibitors reduce formation of αSyn accumulations, while OLA increases these accumulations in an αSyn 3K neuroblastoma model. However, we identify a caveat with this model where αSyn 3K levels can be suppressed by high SCD inhibitor concentrations, obscuring true effect size. Further, we show that both SCD1 or SCD5 knock-down reduce αSyn 3K accumulations and toxicity, making both a putative drug target. Overall, we confirm key findings of published data on SCD inhibition and its benefits in αSyn accumulation and stress models. The differential neurotoxicity induced by SCD inhibition based on neuron culture age must be accounted for when researching SCD in neuron models and has potential clinical implications. Lastly, our gene profiling studies also revealed novel putative genes connected to αSyn neurotoxicity that are worth further study.
Sharing an Open Stimulation System for Auditory EEG Experiments Using Python, Raspberry Pi, and HifiBerry
Authors: Corneyllie Alexandra , Perrin Fabien , Heine Lizette 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn auditory behavioral and EEG experiments, the variability of stimulation solutions, for both software and hardware, adds unnecessary technical constraints. Currently, there is no easy to use, inexpensive, and shareable solution that could improve collaborations and data comparisons across different sites and contexts. This article outlines a system composed by a Raspberry Pi coupled with Python programming and associated with a HifiBerry sound card. We compare its sound performances with those of a wide variety of materials and configurations. This solution achieves the high timing accuracy and sound quality important in auditory cognition experiments, while being simple to use and open source. The present system shows high performances and results along with excellent feedback from users. It is inexpensive, easy to build, share, and improve on. Working with such low-cost, powerful, and collaborative hardware and software tools allows people to create their own specific, adapted, and shareable system that can be standardized across different collaborative sites, while being extremely simple and robust in use.
Experiencia Proyecto de Aula Cuento Ilustrado
Authors: Téllez Marcela F. , Peters Victoria E. 
Published: July 2021

La experiencia pedagógica “Cuento ilustrado”, es un proyecto colaborativo de investigación formativa –PIF- que se desarrolla de manera conjunta entre las asignaturas de Taller de Redacción I e Ilustración II.

Sus objetivos consisten en permitir a los estudiantes la apropiación de los conocimientos compartidos en el aula de clase desde una perspectiva experiencial, es decir, desde una serie de procesos que los acercan al campo editorial con sus respectivas fases y actores, para que adquieran competencias propias de su quehacer profesional; y en desarrollar un proceso de indagación que se lleva a cabo con los estudiantes de cada asignatura, lo cual les permite planear y escribir un cuento corto, así como interpretarlo, diseñarlo e ilustrarlo hasta convertirlo en un libro.

La premisa de este proyecto consiste en “escribir para que otros nos lean e interpreten, e ilustrar a partir de lo que propone un texto que ha sido escrito por otro”, lo cual se logra por medio de una metodología que contempla tres ejercicios, dos preparatorios: descripción de un sentimiento, y retrato de un individuo; y una entrega final que consiste en la escritura e ilustración de un cuento corto para su posterior socialización, presentación a convocatoria y publicación.

Durante los tres años de desarrollo de este proyecto se ha contado con la participación de 750 estudiantes de Taller de Redacción I; 122 estudiantes de Ilustración II; se han desarrollado 244 ejercicios preparatorios; se han ilustrado 122 libros en aula de clase; y se han publicado 16 libros por parte de la Editorial de la Universidad
Missing Self–Induced Microvascular Rejection of Kidney Allografts: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Callemeyn Jasper , Senev Aleksandar , Coemans Maarten , Lerut Evelyne , Sprangers Ben , Kuypers Dirk , Koenig Alice , Thaunat Olivier , Emonds Marie-Paule , Naesens Maarten 
Published: July 2021

Significance Statement
Microvascular inflammation (MVI) of the kidney transplant is an important determinant of allograft outcome. Although MVI is considered a cardinal manifestation of antibody-mediated rejection, it is often encountered in the absence of circulating donor-specific antibodies, which raises uncertainty about the underlying cause. The authors used genotyping of killer cell Ig-like receptors of recipients and high-resolution HLA genotyping to assess the presence of missing self, a nonhumoral natural killer cell stimulus, in a large cohort of kidney transplantations. They found that missing self specifically increases the risk of MVI after transplantation, and could explain one fifth of patients without detectable antibodies. This study suggests systematic evaluation of missing self improves our understanding of MVI, and might be relevant for improved diagnostic classification and patient risk stratification.

Background
Circulating anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (HLA-DSA) are often absent in kidney transplant recipients with microvascular inflammation (MVI). Missing self, the inability of donor endothelial cells to provide HLA I–mediated signals to inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) on recipient natural killer cells, can cause endothelial damage in vitro, and has been associated with HLA-DSA–negative MVI. However, missing self’s clinical importance as a nonhumoral trigger of allograft rejection remains unclear.

Methods
In a population-based study of 924 consecutive kidney transplantations between March 2004 and February 2013, we performed high-resolution donor and recipient HLA typing and recipient KIR genotyping. Missing self was defined as the absence of A3/A11, Bw4, C1, or C2 donor genotype, with the presence of the corresponding educated recipient inhibitory KIR gene.

Results
We identified missing self in 399 of 924 transplantations. Co-occurrence of missing self types had an additive effect in increasing MVI risk, with a threshold at two concurrent types (hazard ratio [HR], 1.78; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.26 to 2.53), independent of HLA-DSA (HR, 5.65; 95% CI, 4.01 to 7.96). Missing self and lesions of cellular rejection were not associated. No HLA-DSAs were detectable in 146 of 222 recipients with MVI; 28 of the 146 had at least two missing self types. Missing self associated with transplant glomerulopathy after MVI (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.12 to 5.62), although allograft survival was better than with HLA-DSA–associated MVI.

Conclusion
Missing self specifically and cumulatively increases MVI risk after kidney transplantation, independent of HLA-DSA. Systematic evaluation of missing self improves understanding of HLA-DSA–negative MVI and might be relevant for improved diagnostic classification and patient risk stratification.
Transition zones and biogeographic characterization of endemism in three biogeographic provinces of central Mexico
Authors: Villaseñor José Luis , Ortiz Enrique , Juárez Diego 
Published: July 2021

Background: Sites of overlap in the species distribution among regions are known as transition zones. Their floristic and biogeographic complexity is rarely discussed.
Questions: Is it possible to identify transition zones amid the biogeographic provinces of Mexico? Can transition zones also be considered areas of endemism?
Study species: 315 Asteraceae taxa endemic to Mexico.Study site: Volcanic Belt, Balsas Depression and Sierra Madre del Sur biogeographic provinces.
Methods: For species of Asteraceae endemic to three biogeographic provinces of central Mexico, we characterized the province to which each species belonged and estimated the distance it could penetrate the neighboring province. We defined transition zones between biogeographic provinces as the average penetration distances of the species. We also evaluated the presence of species with restricted distribution to transition zones.
Results: Two transition zones were identified in the Balsas Depression, first, at the junction with the Volcanic Belt with a width of 13 km, and second, with the Sierra Madre del Sur, with a width of 12.3 km. There were 45 species whose distribution was restricted to those transition zones.Conclusions: Understanding how richness and endemism are exchanged from one region to another is essential to explain how their floras have been assembling and evolving. This analysis has allowed us to better understand the relationships among regions as complex as those studied here.
vídeo en las Campañas de Crowfunding de Economía Social en España
Authors: Bruno Pérez Néstor Amadeo , Morini Marrero Sandra 
Published: July 2021

La utilización del vídeo en la campaña de crowdfunding se considera prácticamente una condición sine qua non para poder tener posibilidades de éxito en la campaña. Nuestro trabajo versa sobre las características que debe de tener ese vídeo en las campañas de economía social determinando qué factores dentro del vídeo son fundamentales para la obtención del éxito; para ello estudiamos campañas de crowdfunding españolas de donación y de recompensa. Comenzamos por un amplio número de variables y las acotamos a las que se consideran más adecuadas, para ello realizamos una selección mediante red elástica y posteriormente un modelo logístico multivariante que nos indicará cuáles son los factores que más apoyan el éxito de las campañas de economía social. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que hay cierta diferenciación de los factores importantes para el caso de las campañas de economía social con respecto a los factores fundamentales de las campañas que abarcan todos los casos. Los factores que se muestran como fundamentales son que en el vídeo se muestre una actitud entusiasta, el uso del nivel tropológico en los códigos visuales, que se grabe con trípode, que se empleen códigos gestuales y el uso de figuras de contradicción en el lenguaje, mientras que la interrogación retórica aparece como factor negativo y a evitar.