bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Language Mapping of Electrocardiogram Interpretations to a Standardized Ontology
Authors: Epstein Richard H. , Jean Yuel-Kai , Dudaryk Roman , Freundlich Robert E. , Walco Jeremy P. , Mueller Dorothee A. , Banks Shawn E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Interpretations of the electrocardiogram (ECG) are often prepared using software outside the electronic health record (EHR) and imported via an interface as a narrative note. Thus, natural language processing is required to create a computable representation of the findings. Challenges include misspellings, nonstandard abbreviations, jargon, and equivocation in diagnostic interpretations.
Objectives Our objective was to develop an algorithm to reliably and efficiently extract such information and map it to the standardized ECG ontology developed jointly by the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology Foundation, and the Heart Rhythm Society. The algorithm was to be designed to be easily modifiable for use with EHRs and ECG reporting systems other than the ones studied.
Methods An algorithm using natural language processing techniques was developed in structured query language to extract and map quantitative and diagnostic information from ECG narrative reports to the cardiology societies' standardized ECG ontology. The algorithm was developed using a training dataset of 43,861 ECG reports and applied to a test dataset of 46,873 reports.
Results Accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1-measure were all 100% in the test dataset for the extraction of quantitative data (e.g., PR and QTc interval, atrial and ventricular heart rate). Performances for matches in each diagnostic category in the standardized ECG ontology were all above 99% in the test dataset. The processing speed was approximately 20,000 reports per minute. We externally validated the algorithm from another institution that used a different ECG reporting system and found similar performance.
Conclusion The developed algorithm had high performance for creating a computable representation of ECG interpretations. Software and lookup tables are provided that can easily be modified for local customization and for use with other EHR and ECG reporting systems. This algorithm has utility for research and in clinical decision-support where incorporation of ECG findings is desired.
Approaching the basis set limit in Gaussian-orbital-based periodic calculations with transferability: Performance of pure density functionals for simple semiconductors
Authors: Lee Joonho , Feng Xintian , Cunha Leonardo A. , Gonthier Jérôme F. , Epifanovsky Evgeny , Head-Gordon Martin 
Published: October 2021

Simulating solids with quantum chemistry methods and Gaussian-type orbitals (GTOs) has been gaining popularity. Nonetheless, there are few systematic studies that assess the basis set incompleteness error (BSIE) in these GTO-based simulations over a variety of solids. In this work, we report a GTO-based implementation for solids and apply it to address the basis set convergence issue. We employ a simple strategy to generate large uncontracted (unc) GTO basis sets that we call the unc-def2-GTH sets. These basis sets exhibit systematic improvement toward the basis set limit as well as good transferability based on application to a total of 43 simple semiconductors. Most notably, we found the BSIE of unc-def2-QZVP-GTH to be smaller than 0.7 mEh per atom in total energies and 20 meV in bandgaps for all systems considered here. Using unc-def2-QZVP-GTH, we report bandgap benchmarks of a combinatorially designed meta-generalized gradient approximation (mGGA) functional, B97M-rV, and show that B97M-rV performs similarly (a root-mean-square-deviation of 1.18 eV) to other modern mGGA functionals, M06-L (1.26 eV), MN15-L (1.29 eV), and Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) (1.20 eV). This represents a clear improvement over older pure functionals such as local density approximation (1.71 eV) and Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) (1.49 eV), although all these mGGAs are still far from being quantitatively accurate. We also provide several cautionary notes on the use of our uncontracted bases and on future research on GTO basis set development for solids.
Fluoride hyperaccumulation in
Authors: Abubakari Farida , Nkrumah Philip Nti , Flottmann Jonty , Alizadeh Arezu , van der Ent Antony 
Published: October 2021

Members of the Australian endemic plant genus Gastrolobium (Fabaceae) naturally accumulate fluoride (F) in the form of fluoroacetate when growing on soils with very low F status. However, it is unknown how Gastrolobium species respond to higher soil F concentrations, and what the interactions are between cations (Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+) and anions (Cl−, F−, SO42−) in their leaves. In this study, we exposed G. bilobum, G. parviflorum and G. parvifolium to soils with different levels of soluble F− (as sodium fluoride solution applied to soil at 0, 1, 10, 50, 100 μg F g−1). The plants were grown for a period of 12 months before being harvested and acid- and water-extractable F in shoots analysed using ion chromatography. Gastrolobium leaves accumulated extremely high F with highest concentrations in young leaves in the highest treatment level. In G. parviflorum, the mean concentration of F in young leaves was >8000 μg g−1 for both methods of extraction, whereas G. parvifolium had 6940 and 3630 μg g−1 in young leaves for the water-soluble and acid extraction methods respectively. In young leaves of G. bilobum, the concentration of F was 1840 and 7970 μg g−1 for the water-soluble and acid extraction methods respectively. This study further revealed significant amounts of Cl− and SO42− in foliage of the studied species. Moreover, we found F− and SO42− to be positively correlated in young leaves of G. bilobum, but inversely related in its old leaves. These findings have shown for the first time the potential of Gastrolobium species to accumulate F in soils with high F concentrations, highlighting potential for applications in phytoremediation.
Structural basis of rotavirus RNA chaperone displacement and RNA annealing
Authors: Bravo Jack P. K. , Bartnik Kira , Venditti Luca , Acker Julia , Gail Emma H. , Colyer Alice , Davidovich Chen , Lamb Don C. , Tuma Roman , Calabrese Antonio N. , Borodavka Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Accurate RNA folding is essential for virus replication. Rotaviruses are viruses infecting humans and animals. Rotavirus genome comprises 11 distinct RNAs, and successful replication requires the incorporation of all 11 RNAs into a virion. The RNA chaperone NSP2 binds viral transcripts, regulating their interactions with each other. NSP2 must release RNAs after they base pair prior to their packaging. Using single-molecule fluorescence tools, we dissected the individual steps of the RNA chaperone activity of NSP2. Structural proteomics and cryo-EM studies of the NSP2–RNA complex revealed that NSP2 regulates RNA unfolding and the release of the RNA using its charged C-terminal region. Some aspects of the viral RNA chaperone regulation mirror the conserved autoregulation mechanisms employed by bacterial RNA chaperones.
Continuous variable responses and signal gating form kinetic bases for pulsatile insulin signaling and emergence of resistance
Authors: Shukla Namrata , Kadam Shantanu , Padinhateeri Ranjith , Kolthur-Seetharam Ullas 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Evolutionarily conserved insulin signaling is central to nutrient sensing, storage, and utilization across tissues. Dysfunctional insulin signaling is associated with metabolic disorders, cancer, and aging. Hence, the pathway components have emerged as key targets for pharmacological interventions in addition to insulin administration itself. Despite this, activation–inactivation dynamics of individual components, which exert regulatory control in a physiological context, is poorly understood. Now, with our systems-based approach, we reveal kinetic parameters, which define the flow of information through both metabolic and growth-factor arms and thus determine signaling architecture. We also provide a kinetic basis for 1) the advantage of pulsatile-fasted insulin signaling that enables fed-insulin response and 2) the detrimental impact of repeat fed-insulin inputs that causes resistance.
Interventional real-time optical imaging guidance for complete tumor ablation
Authors: Kan Xuefeng , Zhang Feng , Zhou Guanhui , Ji Hongxiu , Monsky Wayne , Ingraham Christopher , Zheng Chuansheng , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceWe present an interventional optical imaging–guided oncologic technique. This interventional oncologic technique can differentiate, in vivo, the three definitive zones of tumor and tumor margin as well as normal surrounding liver, which enables differentiation of residual viable tumors from ablated nonviable tumors and thereby pretermit the intraprocedural real-time guidance for complete tumor eradication during a single interventional ablation session. This innovation should revolutionize the current ablation technology, leading to a significant advancement in the complete treatment of larger or irregular malignant lesions not only in the liver but also in other solid organs.
Comprehending implied meaning
Authors: Sağdıç Ayşenur 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the extent to which proficiency, length of residence, and intensity of interaction in a target language affect L2 learners’ pragmatic ability in comprehending conversational implicature and indirect speech acts. 68 participants, 38 L1 English and 30 L2 English users, completed two measures: a pragmatic listening test measuring implied meaning comprehension and a language contact profile survey identifying length of residence and intensity of L2 interaction. The standard multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between implied meaning comprehension and learners’ proficiency, length of residence, and intensity of interaction. Together, these factors explained a significant amount of the variance in learners’ overall comprehension ability, with proficiency being the strongest predictor, followed by intensity of interaction, then length of residence. Findings also showed that while it was more challenging for the less proficient learners to comprehend conversational implicature than indirect speech acts, there was no significant difference between the two types for the higher proficiency group. Further analysis of the L2 interaction types indicated a significant, moderate relationship between the time spent speaking and learners’ implied meaning comprehension. These findings offer pedagogical and methodological implications for L2 pragmatic development.
Enactingburikko
Authors: Yagi Junichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdopting a single case analysis, this article examines how the learning of the Japanese wordburikkois occasioned in a bilingual lunch conversation through enactments that are employed for three interactional purposes: (a) renewal of laughter, (b) vocabulary explanation (VE), and (c) demonstration of understanding. The interactional analysis is enhanced by Praat to respecify the role of prosody in enactments. I first describe howburikko, thelaughableof a humor sequence, becomes alearnablethrough a repair sequence. I then analyze a reinitiated joking sequence, where the VE recipient categorizes one of the co-participants asburikkoand escalates the categorization through multimodal enactments. I argue that this jocular mockery, occasioning a demonstration of understanding, exhibits that the learning opportunity has been taken. Furthermore, I discuss how a repair work embedded within a larger humor-oriented activity may afford resources for language learning outside of the classroom, while sacrificing progressivity for intersubjectivity. The fact that the VE recipient, after intersubjectivity has been achieved, resumes the original activity of pursuing humor through the same means employed for the explanation of the target word offers interesting implications for CA-SLA and pragmatics.
Model of a non-transferred arc cascaded-anode plasma torch: the two-temperature formulation
Authors: Zhukovskii Rodion , Chazelas Christophe , Rat Vincent , Vardelle Armelle , Molz Ron 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study presents an analysis of a three-dimensional unsteady two-temperature simulation of atmospheric pressure direct current electric arc inside a commercial cascaded-anode plasma spray torch; it coupled the arc model with the torch electrodes and used an open-source computational fluid dynamics software (code_saturne). The previously published models of plasma spray torch either deal with conventional plasma torches or assume local thermodynamic equilibrium in cascaded-anode plasma torches. The paper presents the computation of the two-temperature argon plasma properties, compares two enthalpy formulations that differ in association of the ionization part of enthalpy and finally demonstrates the influence of the radiation heat loss data by comparingthe results for two different literature sources. It is the first to compare different enthalpy formulations in the context of plasma torch and discuss the differences in terms of the enthalpy gains and losses. It also explains why an unphysical simulation artifact of electron temperature lower than the heavy species temperature can occur in simulated plasma flow. The solution, then, consists in associating the ionization part of enthalpy to electrons and selecting the appropriate source of the data of radiation heat loss. However, negligible thermal non-equilibrium persists even in the hot core of electric arc, which ensures that the heavy species are heated up by collisions with electrons. The flexibility of the open-source software allows all the necessary modifications and adjustments to achieve satisfactory simulation results. Thus, the paper could be considered as a manual for development of a plasma spray torch model.
Autocorrelation energy and aquila optimizer for MED filtering of sound signal to detect bearing defect in Francis turbine
Authors: Vashishtha Govind , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method to detect the bearing defects in Francis turbine by minimal entropy deconvolution (MED) filter making use of a sound signal. As the outputs of MED are mainly influenced by the filter length hence its appropriate selection is very necessary to recover a single random pulse in case of a weak faulty signal. The optimal filter length selection is done by Aquila optimizer adaptively which uses the autocorrelation energy as its fitness function. Experimentation done on defective bearings of Francis turbine suggested that the proposed method exposes periodic impulses effectively in case of a weak faulty signal or when the fault signal is embedded within the noise or interferences from other parts of Francis turbine. The proposed fault identification method has been compared with other models of MED such as particle swarm optimization -MED and maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution. Results obtained reveals that the proposed method is superior in identifying the faulty signal embedded with heavy noise.
Highly transparent and conductive p-type CuI films by optimized solid-iodination at room temperature
Authors: Luo Shulin , Xu Jing , Gong Jianhong , You Ruisong , Wang Yong , Lin Song-Sheng , Dai Ming-Jiang , Sun Hui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
p-type CuI films with optimized optoelectronic performance were synthesized by solid-phase iodination of Cu3N precursor films at room temperature. The effects of the deposition power of Cu3N precursors on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the CuI films were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction results show that all the CuI films possess a zinc-blende structure. When the deposition power of Cu3N precursors was 140 W, the CuI films present a high transmittance above 84% in the visible region, due to their smaller root-mean-square roughness values of 9.23 nm. Moreover, these films also have a low resistivity of 1.63 × 10–2 Ω·cm and a boosted figure of merit of 140.7 MΩ−1. These results are significant achievements among various p-types TCOs, confirming the promising prospects of CuI as a p-type transparent semiconductor applied in transparent electronics.
Resonant behavior of the electron component of the plasma and stratification of the positive column of a gas discharge
Authors: Golubovskii Yu , Gurkova T , Valin S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A new point of view on the appearance of S-, P- and R-striations in a positive column of inert gases is proposed, based on a dynamic analysis of the resonance properties of phase trajectories of electrons in spatially periodic fields. The area of applicability is focused on DC discharge in inert gases at low pressures. The motion of electrons associated with the gain of energy in the field E
0 up to the excitation threshold ɛ
ex and the abrupt loss of this quantum of energy leads to the appearance of a spatial scale L
0 = ɛ
ex/(eE
0). Analysis of motion in sinusoidally modulated fields shows the presence of resonant fields containing the fundamental mode L
0, which corresponds to the S-striation, and higher harmonics associated with integer and non-integer resonances. In particular, a resonant field with a period length L

P
= L
0/2 corresponds to a P-striation, and a resonant field L

R
= 2/3L
0 to an R-striation. Thus, the positive column can be viewed as a resonator containing a set of resonant fields. Like a tuning fork, it responds to a disturbance of one of the modes, in particular, by the appearance of S-, P-, or R-striations, depending on the discharge conditions. The acuity of the resonances is analyzed as a function of the detuning from the resonant fields. The spectrum of integer and non-integer resonances is given. It is shown that resonances corresponding to S-, P-, and R- striations have the highest amplitude. The dynamic and kinetic approaches to the description of striations are compared. The dynamic approach to some extent eliminates the difficulties of the kinetic theory associated with the long settling length of the solution to the Boltzmann equation, which is much larger than the length of the positive column.
Emergent constraints on tropical atmospheric aridity—carbon feedbacks and the future of carbon sequestration
Authors: Barkhordarian Armineh , Bowman Kevin W , Cressie Noel , Jewell Jeffrey , Liu Junjie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Carbon-climate feedbacks, which amplifies or attenuates atmospheric CO2 from fossil fuel emissions, are one of the largest sources of uncertainty in climate projections. However, these feedbacks depend both on temperature and its coupling to water and energy cycles, especially in the tropics. We show that atmospheric aridity—quantified as vapor pressure deficit (VPD)—is a good proxy for this coupling. Tropical VPD is strongly correlated to the global CO2 growth rate (CGR) with observed present-day sensitivities of −2.5 ± 0.4 GtC mb−1 yr−1. The sensitivity of CGR to tropical VPD interannual variability has increased by a factor of 1.7 ± 0.3 in the 21st century. A combination of causality and statistical analysis point to mechanistic moisture drivers of the VPD–CGR sensitivities, independent of temperature. Observational records provide evidence that tropical atmospheric aridity is linked to both water deficit and spatially correlated with evaporative fraction suggesting that CGR variability is indirectly driven by land—atmosphere coupling (compound soil and atmospheric drought). This coupling is manifest as a kind of carbon-climate feedback in CMIP6 Earth System Models where long–term increases in tropical VPD reduce tropical carbon storage but with a substantial inter-model range [−1.4 to −59.4 GtC mb−1]. However, by employing a hierarchical emergent constraint, the best estimate of atmospheric aridity—carbon cycle feedback (φ

TL
) is

−
19

±

10 GtC mb−1, which is 28% lower than model estimates with an uncertainty reduction of 50%. Our results bridge the role of moisture and land–atmosphere coupling on net carbon variability to the vulnerability of carbon storage in a changing climate.
Aeroelastic flutter analysis of functionally graded spinning cylindrical shells reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets in supersonic flow
Authors: Majidi-Mozafari Kazem , Bahaadini Reza , Saidi Ali Reza 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aeroelastic analysis of functionally graded spinning cylindrical shells reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets in supersonic flow is studied. Multilayer functionally graded graphene platelets reinforced composite cylindrical shell based on the first-order shear deformation theory are examined. The supersonic flow is modeled through the use of first order piston theory. The effective Young’s modulus, mass density and Poisson’s ratio of nanocomposites are calculated based on the modified Halpin-Tsai model and rule of mixture. The coupled governing equations of motion and associated boundary conditions are developed by applying extended Hamilton principle. Galerkin technique is utilized to convert the coupled equations of motion to a general eigenvalue problem. In this investigation, four graphene platelets distribution patterns through the thickness of shell, i.e., UD, FG-

Λ
,

FG- X and FG-O are considered. The effects of weight fraction, distribution patterns, number of layers, aspect ratio and spinning velocity on the flutter boundary are expressed. The results point out that the larger surface area related to more distributing graphene platelets near the inner and outer surfaces of the cylindrical shell predicts the most effective reinforcing effect. Furthermore, to improve significantly the stiffness of cylindrical shell, a small amount of extra graphene nanoplatelets as reinforcing nanofillers is an efficient way.
Explicit construction of joint multipoint statistics in complex systems
Authors: Friedrich J , Peinke J , Pumir A , Grauer R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Complex systems often involve random fluctuations for which self-similar properties in space and time play an important role. Fractional Brownian motions, characterized by a single scaling exponent, the Hurst exponent H, provide a convenient tool to construct synthetic signals that capture the statistical properties of many processes in the physical sciences and beyond. However, in certain strongly interacting systems, e.g., turbulent flows, stock market indices, or cardiac interbeats, multiscale interactions lead to significant deviations from self-similarity and may therefore require a more elaborate description. In the context of turbulence, the Kolmogorov–Oboukhov model (K62) describes anomalous scaling, albeit explicit constructions of a turbulent signal by this model are not available yet. Here, we derive an explicit formula for the joint multipoint probability density function of a multifractal field. To this end, we consider a scale mixture of fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes and introduce a fluctuating length scale in the corresponding covariance function. In deriving the complete statistical properties of the field, we are able to systematically model synthetic multifractal phenomena. We conclude by giving a brief outlook on potential applications which range from specific tailoring or stochastic interpolation of wind fields to the modeling of financial data or non-Gaussian features in geophysical or geospatial settings.