bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Versatile Electronic, Magnetic and Photo‐Electro Catalytic Activity of a New 2D MA2Z4 Family**
Authors: Chen Jiu , Tang Qing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe recent successful growth of MoSi2N4 and WSi2N4 monolayers led to the discovery of a new class of the two‐dimensional (2D) MA2Z4 materials with no known 3D layered allotropes, which renders great possibilities to integrate diverse properties by proper design of sandwiched “MZ2” building blocks and “A−Z” passivation layers. In this work, the dynamic stability, electronic properties, and surface reactivity of the new MA2Z4 family, in which M is Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, A refers to Si or Ge, and Z is N, P or As, is theoretically probed. Among the proposed 54 possible combinations, about 42 compositions are dynamically stable, which vary from non‐magnetic, anti‐ferromagnetic, to ferromagnetic semiconductors, metals and half‐metals. In particular, the VB (V, Nb, Ta) MA2Z4 possesses robust intrinsic ferromagnetism that is essential for spintronics applications. In regard to surface activity, most MA2Z4, particularly N‐ or P‐terminated IVB and VB MA2Z4, have high catalytic potential for hydrogen evolution, and the ▵GH of non‐magnetic MA2Z4 is highly correlated to the highest occupied p electronic states of the surface Z atoms. The photocatalytic activity is also evaluated. MoSi2N4 and WSi2N4 within 4 % tensile strain are capable of photocatalytic overall water splitting. The findings indicate the new 2D MA2Z4 family has fascinating properties and possesses strong potential for applications but not limited to electronics, spintronics and catalysts, which will stimulate the interests of experimental synthesis.
Modulation of Src Kinase Activity by Selective Substrate Recognition with Pseudopeptidic Cages
Authors: Tapia Lucía , Solozabal Naiara , Solà Jordi , Pérez Yolanda , Miller W. Todd , Alfonso Ignacio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe selective recognition of tyrosine residues in peptides is an appealing approach to inhibiting their tyrosine kinase (TK)‐mediated phosphorylation. Herein, we describe pseudopeptidic cages that efficiently protect substrates from the action of the Src TK enzyme, precluding the corresponding Tyr phosphorylation. Fluorescence emission titrations show that the most efficient cage inhibitors strongly bind the peptide substrates with a very good correlation between the binding constant and the inhibitory potency. Structural insights and additional control experiments further support the proposed mechanism of selective supramolecular protection of the substrates. Moreover, the approach also works in a completely different kinase‐substrate system. These results illustrate the potential of supramolecular complexes for the efficient and selective modulation of TK signaling.
Source and Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Red Soils from Yunnan Province, Southwest China
Authors: Liang Bin , Han Guilin , Zeng Jie , Qu Rui , Liu Man , Liu Jinke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTrace metal pollution is one of the most concerning issues in Yunnan province, where red soil is the dominant soil. To investigate the sources of trace metals and assess their pollution level and potential risk, trace metal concentrations are measured in two red soil profiles from Yunnan province. Results show that Cr, As, and Zn are the most abundant trace metals in both profiles, and As and Cr might be pollutants because their concentrations are higher than the background values and the average concentrations in global soils from China, Japan, the UK, and the USA. The correlation matrix and principal component analysis exhibited that As and Cr are affected by mining activities. The single factor index and Nemero pollution index explained that the enrichment of As and Cr can lead to light pollution. The risk index (RI) values of trace metals exhibited a low ecological risk, of which the RI values of As and Cd in S1 are higher, implying a higher soil pollution level in south Yunnan. Furthermore, the HI results indicated that As can cause non‐carcinogenic risk on human health. This study is to help developing the management and preventing contamination of trace metals in red soils.
Web service quality of service prediction via regional reputation‐based matrix factorization
Authors: Ghafouri Seyyed Hamid , Hashemi Seyyed Mohsen , Razzazi Mohammad Reza , Movaghar Ali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuality of Service (QoS) of Web services plays an essential role in selecting Web services by consumers. The dynamic QoS attributes of Web services have different values for different users. Therefore, the value of many Web services' QoS features for many users are undetermined, and these values should be predicted. The collaborative filtering (CF) method is one of the most successful approaches to predict these values. CF‐based methods use the QoS values contributed by the other users for prediction and, consequently, the values contributed by unreliable users can decrease the accuracy of prediction. To utilize the reputation of users can be regarded as one of the conventional approaches to overcome this problem. In this paper, we have defined a concept called regional reputation that represents the reputation of a user for users in each geographical region. Regional reputation has been achieved with the combination of the location information of the users and their reputation. Subsequently, by combining this concept with the matrix factorization, we have proposed a prediction method called regional reputation‐based matrix factorization. This approach has been able to improve the accuracy of prediction and be more persistent to the data contributed by unreliable users.
Analysis and design of ultra‐wideband low noise amplifier using complementary structure with series inductive peaking technique and shunt feedback
Authors: Kazemi Amir Hossein , Hayati Mohsen 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn this paper, an ultra‐wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) is presented using 0.18‐μm RF CMOS technology. A complementary structure with series inductive peaking technique is introduced by using two inductor‐loops to achieve flat gain. In the first and third stages, two complementary structures are utilized to achieve a high and flat gain, a wideband input impedance matching and a low noise figure. In addition, a shunt feedback is utilized to increase input impedance matching and stability. In the second stage, a common source structure is used as interstage, which increases the −3 dB bandwidth. The designed LNA presents a high and flat gain of 15.6–16.5 dB, an excellent input return loss better than −11 dB and a good NF of 2.2–3 dB in the frequency range of 3.1–10.6 GHz. Also, the proposed structure consumes 6.8 mW from a 0.8‐V supply voltage and has an IIP3 of −4 dBm at 6.5 GHz. The proposed structure only occupies 0.59 mm2.
Prognostic significance of hematogone presence after autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Göçer Mesut , Kurtoğlu Erdal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMorphologically and immunophenotypically, the number of B‐lymphocyte progenitor cells, so‐called hematogones increases after chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantions. It is thought that hematogones can be used as a prognostic marker in these patients. It is aimed to determine the prognostic significance and factors affecting the development of hematogones, which can be seen after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.MethodsThis retrospective and single center study includes 80 patients who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation with the diagnosis of MM in our clinic between January 2013 and December 2019. The primary endpoint of the study was the relationship between the presence and rate of hematogone (HG) and progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoint was to identify the factors affecting the development of HG.ResultsHG was detected in 61.2% of the patients. There was a moderate and positive linear correlation between the amount of stem cells given and HG ratio (r = 0.387, p = 0.000). PFS and OS were significantly shorter in the group with HG (p = 0.000 and p = 0.012).ConclusionsHG positivity after autologous stem cell transplantation was found to be an independent prognostic marker for PFS and OS in patients with MM. There is a positive relationship between the amount of stem cells used during transplantation and the ratio of HG. As the amount of stem cells increases, the ratio of HG increases and when the ratio of HG increases, PFS and OS become shorter.
A Convenient Synthesis of 4‐CF3‐Quinolines from 1‐Trifluoromethyl‐prop‐2‐yne 1‐Iminium Salts and Arylamines
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Fleischmann Maximilian , Hergesell Daniel , Majstorović Nicola , Maas Gerhard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA convenient synthesis of 4‐trifluoromethyl‐quinolines from 1‐trifluoromethyl‐prop‐2‐yne 1‐iminium triflates and anilines in a one‐pot two‐step Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization sequence is reported. With ring‐substituted anilines, a wide range of 4‐CF3‐quinolines bearing additional substituents and functional groups in the C‐2, C‐6, and C‐8 positions were prepared, mostly in high yields. Even a 4‐CF3‐5‐Me‐quinoline could be obtained. From mono‐Boc protected 1,4‐ and 1,3‐phenylenediamine, 2‐aryl‐substituted 6‐amino‐4‐CF3‐quinoline and 7‐amino‐4‐CF3‐quinoline, respectively, were prepared. 4‐CF3‐benzo[h]quinolines were obtained from the mentioned acetylenic iminium salts and 1‐naphthylamine. With N‐monosubstituted aromatic amines such as N‐methylaniline and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline, N‐substituted 4‐CF3‐quinolinium salts and pyrrolo[1,2‐a:3,4‐c']diquinoline derivatives bearing two CF3 substituents could be prepared.
Behind the scenes: Are latent memories supported by calcium independent plasticity?
Authors: Keith Rachel E. , Ogoe Richard H. , Dumas Theodore C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) can be considered to be the de facto “plasticity” receptors in the brain due to their central role in the activity‐dependent modification of neuronal morphology and synaptic transmission. Since the 1980s, research on NMDARs has focused on the second messenger properties of calcium and the downstream signaling pathways that mediate alterations in neural form and function. Recently, NMDARs were shown to drive activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity without calcium influx. How this “nonionotropic” plasticity occurs in vitro is becoming clearer, but research on its involvement in behavior and cognition is in its infancy. There is a partial overlap in the downstream signaling molecules that are involved in ionotropic and nonionotropic NMDAR‐dependent plasticity. Given this, and prior studies of the cognitive impacts of ionotropic NMDAR plasticity, a preliminary model explaining how NMDAR nonionotropic plasticity affects learning and memory can be established. We hypothesize that nonionotropic NMDAR plasticity takes part in latent memory encoding in immature rodents through nonassociative depression of synaptic efficacy, and possibly shrinking of dendritic spines. Further, the late postnatal alteration in NMDAR composition in the hippocampus appears to reduce nonionotropic signaling and remove a restriction on memory retrieval. This framework substantially alters the canonical model of NMDAR involvement in spatial cognition and hippocampal maturation and provides novel and exciting inroads for future studies.
Final results of the randomized phase 2 LEO trial and bone protective effects of everolimus for premenopausal hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Jeong Hyehyun , Jeong Jae Ho , Kim Jeong Eun , Ahn Jin‐Hee , Jung Kyung Hae , Koh Su‐Jin , Cheon Jaekyung , Sohn Joohyuk , Kim Gun Min , Lee Keun Seok , Sim Sung Hoon , Park In Hae , Kim Sung‐Bae 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe phase 2 LEO study showed that everolimus (EVE) plus letrozole (LET) with ovarian suppression increased progression‐free survival (PFS) in tamoxifen‐exposed premenopausal women with hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer with visceral metastases. Here we report final survival outcomes from the LEO study, and the results of exploratory analyses of bone turnover marker changes and bone‐specific progressive disease. Patients who were exposed to or progressed on tamoxifen as adjuvant/palliative treatments were randomly assigned (2:1) to the EVE (leuprorelin + LET + EVE, n = 92) or LET (leuprorelin + LET, n = 45) arm. In a median 51‐months of follow‐up, the median PFS was 17.5 and 13.8 months in the EVE and LET arms, respectively (P = .245). Patients in the EVE arm with baseline visceral (median PFS 16.4 vs 9.5 months, P = .040) and bone (median PFS 17.1 vs 10.9, P = .003) metastases had greater PFS compared to the LET arm. No differences in overall survival (OS) were observed (median OS, 48.3 vs 50.8 months, P = .948). The 1‐year cumulative incidences of bone‐specific disease progression were 6.0% and 23.4% in the EVE and LET arms, respectively (hazard ratio 0.26, P < .001). Bone turnover markers at 6 and 12 weeks after treatment decreased in the EVE arm but were increased or stationary in the LET arm. Skeletal‐related events occurred in 6.5% and 11.1% of patients in the EVE and LET arms, respectively. EVE + LET with ovarian suppression prolonged PFS in patients with baseline visceral or bone metastases and offered bone‐protective effects in the overall study population. However, these clinical benefits did not translate into an OS benefit.
Development for water, food, and nutrition security in Asia*1
Authors: Miyagawa Kenji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Japanese National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (JNCID) held a workshop on Development for Water, Food, and Nutrition Security in Asia at the 3rd World Irrigation Forum in Bali, Indonesia, in September 2019. In this workshop, under the chair Hatcho (JNCID), keynote speeches were presented by representatives of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Japan, and of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) followed by an enthusiastic discussion on the theme. In this paper, I would like to introduce the workshop summary and hope it will be a reference on how to develop water, food, and nutrition security in Asia under the rapid economic development, population increase, and frequent and severe disasters such as heavy rain and drought caused by climate change.
Flow characteristics and diaphragm deformation of pressure‐compensating drip irrigation emitters*
Authors: Chen Xueli , Wei Zhengying , Ma Chao , Wei Caixiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPressure‐compensating (PC) emitters are extensively utilized because they can enhance the irrigation uniformity and the terrain adaptability of drip irrigation systems. To examine the interaction between the elastic diaphragm and fluid of PC emitters, the internal flow behaviour and the diaphragm deformation of PC emitters were studied by one‐way and two‐way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) numerical simulation methods. The deformation characteristics of the elastic diaphragm, the change of the outflow section around the outlet of the pressure‐compensating chamber, and the pressure and velocity distribution of the flow field were analysed in this study. The results illustrate that the deformation process of an elastic diaphragm during the entire working process could be divided into three phases: rapid deformation, slow deformation, and long‐term tiny deformation. After the diaphragm contacted convex land, the overflow groove was the only channel where water could flow out of the PC emitters; and as working pressure increased, the increment of the diaphragm deformation was extremely tiny. However, it was the tiny deformation of the elastic diaphragm that maintained the flow rate of the PC emitters constant over a wide range of working pressures. The results can provide references for exploring the pressure‐compensating mechanism of PC emitters and their optimal design.
Triazole based copper(II) complexes: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, Density Function Theory study, and biomimicking of copper containing oxidase proteins
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed M. , Fathy Ahmad M. , Al‐Harbi Sami A. , Ramadan Abd El‐Motaleb M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWithin the framework of the present study, a polydentate ligand with S and N donor sites along with its CuII‐based chelates were prepared and characterized. Elemental and thermal analyses, μeff and ΛM measurements as well as spectroscopy techniques including FT‐IR, electronic spectra, and EPR are the characterization tools. Computational chemistry calculations were applied to confirm the geometrical assignments of the penta and hexa coordinated perchlorato and chloro derivatives, respectively. Octahedral and trigonal bipyramidal stereochemistries were assigned for these copper(II) chelates. Powder X‐ray spectroscopy data were processed by Expo 2014 computer program for the structural illustration of one of the existing octahedral metal complexes. Biomimicking of copper(II) containing proteins phenoxazinone synthase and catechol oxidase was studied and the obtained results demonstrated promising oxidase‐like activity of the present CuII‐base complexes. Kinetic measurements were also performed to identify the potential catalytic pathways of the studied oxidation processes. The type of the counter‐anion included in the complexes significantly controls the structural features and the catalytic properties.
Ciliary extracellular vesicles are distinct from the cytosolic extracellular vesicles
Authors: Mohieldin Ashraf M. , Pala Rajasekharreddy , Beuttler Richard , Moresco James J. , Yates John R. , Nauli Surya M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell‐derived membrane vesicles that are released into the extracellular space. EVs encapsulate key proteins and mediate intercellular signalling pathways. Recently, primary cilia have been shown to release EVs under fluid‐shear flow, but many proteins encapsulated in these vesicles have never been identified. Primary cilia are ubiquitous mechanosensory organelles that protrude from the apical surface of almost all human cells. Primary cilia also serve as compartments for signalling pathways, and their defects have been associated with a wide range of human genetic diseases called ciliopathies. To better understand the mechanism of ciliopathies, it is imperative to know the distinctive protein profiles of the differently sourced EVs (cilia vs cytosol). Here, we isolated EVs from ciliated wild‐type (WT) and non‐ciliated IFT88 knockout (KO) mouse endothelial cells using fluid‐shear flow followed by a conventional method of EV isolation. EVs isolated from WT and KO exhibited distinctive sizes. Differences in EV protein contents were studied using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS‐MS) and proteomic comparative analysis, which allowed us to classify proteins between ciliary EVs and cytosolic EVs derived from WT and KO, respectively. A total of 79 proteins were exclusively expressed in WT EVs, 145 solely in KO EVs, and 524 in both EVs. Our bioinformatics analyses revealed 29% distinct protein classes and 75% distinct signalling pathways between WT and KO EVs. Based on our statistical analyses and in vitro studies, we identified NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase (POR), and CD166 antigen (CD166) as potential biomarkers for ciliary and cytosolic EVs, respectively. Our protein‐protein interaction network analysis revealed that POR, but not CD166, interacted with either established or strong ciliopathy gene candidates. This report shows the unique differences between EVs secreted from cilia and the cytosol. These results will be important in advancing our understanding of human genetic diseases.video
Fine structure of the epicuticular secretion coat and associated glands of Pedipalpi and Palpigradi (Arachnida)
Authors: Seiter Michael , Schwaha Thomas , Ferreira Rodrigo L. , Prendini Lorenzo , Wolff Jonas O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPedipalpi Latreille, 1810 is a poorly studied clade of arachnids comprising the whip spiders (Amblypygi Thorell, 1883), short‐tailed whip scorpions (Schizomida Petrunkevitch, 1945) and whip scorpions (Thelyphonida Cambridge, 1872). It has recently been shown that whip spiders coat their exoskeleton with a solid cement layer (cerotegument) that forms elaborate microstructures and turns the cuticle into a super‐hydrophobic state. The amblypygid cerotegument provides taxonomic information due to its fine structural diversity, but its presence and variation in the sister groups was previously unknown. The present contribution reports the surface structure of the cuticle in species of Palpigradi, Thelyphonida, and Schizomida to determine if these taxa possess a solid epicuticular secretion coat. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that in addition to Amblypygi only species of Thelyphonida possess solid epicuticular secretion layers. Unlike in Amblypygi, in the Thelyphonida this layer does not usually form microstructures and is less rigidly attached to the underlying cuticle. A species of Typopeltis Pocock, 1894, which exhibited globular structures analogous to the amblypygid cerotegument, was an exception. Glandular structures associated with cement secretions in Amblypygi and Thelyphonida were considered homologous due to similar structure. Solid epicuticular secretion coats were absent from Schizomida, which is interpreted as a secondary loss despite the presence of slit‐like glandular openings that appear to produce such epicuticular secretions. The micro‐whip scorpion order Palpigradi Thorell, 1900 exhibited markedly different cuticular surface structures and lacked solid epicuticular secretions, consistent with the hypothesis that this order is not closely related to Pedipalpi. These results enhance the knowledge of the small, enigmatic orders of Arachnida.
Tracking the origins of moisture over Vietnam: The role of moisture sources and atmospheric drivers on seasonal hydroclimatic conditions
Authors: Stojanovic Milica , Nieto Raquel , Liberato Margarida L.R. , Sorí Rogert , Vázquez Marta , Gimeno Luis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA Lagrangian approach is used to identify the seasonal climatological moisture sources of the seven climate subregions of Vietnam during 1980–2017. Using the outputs from the FLEXPART model, three main oceanic moisture sources, located in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and China Seas, and three terrestrial moisture sources, located in the Indian Peninsula, East Asia, and South Asia, are identified. The most important moisture source during the rainy season (May–October) is the Bay of Bengal, followed by the East Asia continental source for the North‐East and North Plain subregions, while for the remaining sub‐regions Arabian Sea is the main source. For the dry season (November–April), the China Sea supplies more than the half of the total moisture over almost all subregions, while the continental South Asia source is the primary one for the North‐West subregion. The moisture contributions from oceanic moisture sources are the major contributions to the Vietnam subregions, except for the North‐West subregion where the terrestrial sources form the major percentage. Severe and extremely dry conditions are identified for both the rainy and dry seasons in all subregions using the 6‐month Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI6), and a positive significant linear relationship is found between the SPEI6 time series and the anomalies of moisture contribution from the sources. Thus, for both seasons, a reduction in moisture supply from the most important sources is found during severe and extreme droughts. The dependence on ENSO phase is also assessed. Finally, although the correlations are not statistically significant, we found that the rainy (dry) season in the northern subregions show a tendency towards wetting (drying), while the opposite was found for the southern subregions. This behaviour is consistent with the trends observed in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and moisture contribution values from the different sources.