bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avability of Essential Medicines and Inventory Management Practice at Public Health Centers in Bahirdar Town West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2020.
Authors: Mitiku Kalkidan Worku , Mekonnen Daniel Simeneh , Haile Temesgen Ashagrie , Amsalu Menichil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Essential medicines are medicines that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population. These medicines are selected with due regard to disease prevalence and public health relevance, evidence of clinical efficacy and safety, and comparative costs and cost-effectiveness. Essential medicines are intended to be available within the context of functioning health systems at all times in adequate amounts, in the appropriate dosage forms, with assured quality, and at a price the individual and the community can afford.
Objective

To assess availability of essential medicine and inventory management practice at public health centers in Bahir Dar town.
Method:

Institutional based cross sectional study design conduct among six HCs in Bahir Dar town. Checklists were used according to Ems lists from the Amhara region health bureau to assess the availability of essential medicine. IMAT was used to review the essential drugs inventory records of tracer drugs and examine stock records and historical stock outs. An observational method was applied on physical stock of the inventory and the inventory record at the day of visit to check for stock availability, inventory accuracy, stock out durations and stock record variation.
Results

According to the study the average percent of time out of stock was 26.2%; the average percent of essential drugs available on the day of assessment was 74.7%. The average percentage of stock keeping records were accurate (56.7%), this study found that records were greater than physical counts (22.7%) and the average ratio of inventory variation to total stock was 33.7%.
Discussion and recommendation:

The availability of Ems in Bahirdar public health centers was poor. Inaccurate stock keeping record was observed irrespective of health centers level. For increasing inventory management: timely entries to logistic tool, updated records, updated stock status and when drugs are issued from the health facilities store room to different units, the date of issue and quantity issued being recorded on the available logistics tool were necessary.
Results of clinical approbation of information leaflet for patients treated with intravitreal injections of drugs
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Zaytseva O. V. , Bobykin E. V. , Fursova A. Zh. , Nechiporenko P. A. , Krokhalev V. Y. , Morozova O. V. , Sutyushev R. M. 
Published: June 2021

Intravitreal injection (IVI) is a drug delivery method, widely used in modern ophthalmology. To increase the awareness of patients receiving treatment in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation, the Expert Council on Retinal and Optic Nerve Diseases of the Association of Ophthalmologists, an All-Russian Public Organization in 2020 proposed a leaflet “Intravitreal injections (information for patients)”.Purpose: to conduct a clinical assessment of the leaflet by multicenter anonymous surveying of patients.Material and methods. Patients who had experienced IVI treatment were asked to read the leaflet for 20 minutes and then answer 12 questions of the specially designed questionnaire. 93 patients were interviewed in clinics in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg and Novosibirsk: of these, 57 (61.3%), the average age of all patients was 63.9 years, the most common diagnosis was neovascular age-related macular degeneration (52 cases, 55.9%), the experience of previous treatment ranged from 1 to 104 months.Results. The leaflet had a positive response from the patients (91.4% of the questionnaires received “excellent” and “good” ratings), 90.3% patients reported that the information contained was fully or largely consistent with their experience of IVI treatment. The overwhelming majority of respondents (88.2%) did not experience any difficulties in reading the leaflet. At the same time, the patients revealed insufficient awareness on issues related to the treatment. Also, the patients showed insufficient awareness of issues concerning their health: only 20 (21.5%) respondents could answer all five questions of the questionnaire about the understanding of the relevant information, and 31 patients (33.3%) could answer four questions. This fact emphasizes the importance of information support for the patient.Conclusion. The clinical assessment of the leaflet “Intravitreal injections (information for patients)”, which contains brief information about what the procedure is, contraindications, preparation details, symptoms of the postoperative period that require urgent assistance, allows us to recommend the leaflet for use in the clinical healthcare practice of the Russian Federation.
Private assets for public benefit: the challenge of long-term management of domestic rainwater tanks
Authors: Bos Darren G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study explored the relationship private landowners have with their domestic rainwater tank and how that relationship influences the reliability of privately operated rainwater tanks for long-term performance and delivery of service. It found that tank owners generally placed a high value on their tank, desired to have them fully operational and made a reasonable effort to keep them functioning. However, the frequency and extent of maintenance action and effort was variable, and in the context of a private residence, rainwater tanks were typically afforded a low relative priority for repair when compared with other residential assets. This low relative priority could be a primary driver for the reported delay between when a fault occurs with the tank and when it is repaired. This ‘repair lag’ means that a portion of domestic rainwater tanks are likely to be non-operational at any one time. When planning a decentralised system for the management of stormwater, redundancies should be included to cover these gaps in service delivery. It is also recommended that programmes that support private landowners to maintain their rainwater tanks are implemented to minimise repair lag.
Ultrasound-Based Drug Delivery System
Authors: Ren Wei-Wei , Xu Shi-Hao , Sun Li-Ping , Zhang Kun 
Published: June 2021

:
Cancer still represents a leading threat to human health worldwide. The effective usage of
anti-cancer drugs can reduce patients’ clinical symptoms and extend life-span survival time. Current
anti-cancer strategies include chemotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine, biopharmaceuticals, and the
latest targeted-therapy. However, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of tumor, serious side effects
may result from the direct use of anti-cancer drugs. Besides, the current therapeutic strategies failed to
effectively alleviate metastasized tumors. Recently, ultrasound-mediated nano-drug delivery system has
become an increasingly important treatment strategy. Due to its abilities to enhance the efficacy and
reduce toxic and side effects, it has become a research hotspot in the field of biomedicine. In this review,
we introduced the latest research progress of the ultrasound-responsive nano-drug delivery systems,
and the possible mechanisms of ultrasound acting on the carrier to change the structure or conformation,
as well as to realize the controlled release. In addition, the progress in ultrasound responsive
nano-drug delivery systems will also be briefly summarized.
miR-1-3p/CELSR3 Participates in Regulating Malignant Phenotypes of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Miao Huiwen , Zeng Qingxin , Xu Shaohua , Chen Zhoumiao 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
This study presents a discussion regarding the mechanism affecting the malignant
progression of LUAD and the potential therapeutic targets, so as to provide more effective
therapeutic strategies for LUAD patients.

Methods:
Expression data from TCGA-LUAD were extracted to identify target miRNA, with its
downstream target mRNA predicted using bioinformatics analysis. Gene expression in transcript
level and protein level were separately examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell malignant
phenotypes were assessed via MTT and Transwell assays. Luciferase reporter plasmids carrying target
gene sequences were constructed to verify the targeting association between the target miRNA
and its downstream mRNA.

Results:
miR-1-3p showed decreased expression in LUAD. Over-expressing miR-1-3p suppressed
cancer cells to proliferate, migrate and invade. CELSR3, directly regulated by miR-1-3p, presented
significantly elevated expression in LUAD and could foster LUAD cells to proliferate, migrate and
invade. The rescue experiment identified that miR-1-3p-induced inhibition on LUAD cell malignant
phenotypes could be reversed by over-expressing CELSR3.

Conclusion:
This study uncovered that miR-1-3p could suppress the malignant phenotypes of LUAD
cells by targeting CELSR3, which will help to provide novel therapeutic strategies for LUAD
sufferers and new references for the targeted therapy of LUAD.
Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Field - A Critical Review
Authors: Shanbhogue Maithri H. , Thirumaleshwar Shailesh , Tegginamath Pramod Kumar , Somareddy Hemanth Kumar 
Published: June 2021

:
Artificial intelligence is an emerging sector in almost all fields. It is not confined only to
a particular category and can be used in various fields like research, technology, and health. AI
mainly concentrates on how computers analyze data and mimic the human thought process. As
drug development involves high R & D costs and uncertainty in time consumption, artificial intelligence
can serve as one of the promising solutions to overcome all these demerits. Due to the availability
of enormous data, there are chances of missing out on some crucial details. To solve these issues,
algorithms like machine learning, deep learning, and other expert systems are being used. On
successful implementation of AI in the pharmaceutical field, the delays in drug development, failure
at the clinical and marketing level can be reduced. This review comprises information regarding
the development of AI, its subfields, its overall implementation, and its application in the pharmaceutical
sector and provides insights on challenges and limitations concerning AI.
Association of Dietary Habits with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Elderly in Rural Area of North China
Authors: Duan Huilian , Sun Changqing , Zhu Yun , Liu Qian , Du Yue , Lin Hongyan , Jin Mengdi , Fu Jingzhu , Ma Fei , Li Wen , Liu Huan , Yan Jing , Chen Yongjie , Wang Guangshun , Huang Guowei 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Recent findings suggest a possible role of diet, particularly nutrient intakes
and dietary patterns, in the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI); few studies, however,
have been explicitly devoted to the relationship between dietary habits and MCI.

Objectives:
We aimed to explore the association between dietary habits, including meal timing,
and MCI among older Chinese adults.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study involved data collected at the baseline of the Tianjin Elderly
Nutrition and Cognition Cohort (TENCC) study, in which 3,111 community-dwelling older adults
(326 MCI patients and 2,785 non-MCIs) from a rural area of Tianjin, China, were recruited. In
March 2018 to June 2019, all participants underwent a detailed neuropsychological evaluation that
allowed for psychometric MCI classification. Information on self-reported dietary behaviors was
gathered via face-to-face interviews. Crude and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95%
confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models.

Results:
In the multivariable-adjusted models, eating breakfast 4 to 6 times per week (vs. ≤3 times
per week, OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.75), drinking water before breakfast (yes vs. no, OR: 0.64;
95% CI: 0.51, 0.82), consuming water ≥1.5L per day (vs. <1.5L per day, OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51,
0.82), and having lunch after 12:00 (vs. before 12:00, OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.75) were associated
with decreased risk of MCI. Participants who consumed higher amounts of cooking oil were at a
higher risk of MCI (moderate vs. low, OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.92; high vs. low, OR: 1.40; 95%
CI: 1.07-1.83).

Conclusion :
This study suggests that dietary habits, including breakfast frequency, daily water
consumption, cooking oil consumption, and meal timing, may be associated with the risk of MCI.
If replicated, these findings would open new possibilities of dietary interventions for MCI.
Identification of Stress-induced miRNAs and their Targets in Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Dilshad Erum , Nooruddin Zainab , Shaukat Shadab , Munir Anum , Bakhtiar Syeda Marriam , Ismail Hammad 
Published: June 2021

Background:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that are
roughly 18-22 nucleotides long. They play important roles in different natural procedures. As of
now, little is known about their role in plant stress. The use of computational homology-based techniques
for Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) with the Ambros exact method and other structural
component criteria is a rational approach for the disclosure and confinement of conserved miRNAs
from several species.

Aims:
The study aimed to identify novel stress induced miRNAs in tomato, using a computational
approach.

Methods:
We used previously known sequences of mature miRNAs of different plants; Vitis, Oryza,
Triticum and Sorghum for the prediction of potential novel miRNAs in tomatoes. The hairpin
strucutres of miRNAs were predicted, their functional annotations were performed, and the targeted
genes were identified.

Results:
Only two miRNAs were predicted and validated to be novel belonging to the family of
miRNA1301. The expression analysis of the novel miRNAs showed their significant role in the
growth and development of the respective tissues. We have found that the miRNAs in the leaf are
highly conserved related to the seed. This discovery significantly broadens the understanding of the
functions of miRNA in tomatoes. MiR1301 was found to play a role in transcriptional activation and
transporter activity, also involved in ubiquitin-protein ligase translation and transcription. 7 potential
targets were predicted for the two identified miRNAs.

Conclusion:
Identification of new miRNAs and their target genes will establish the potential
roadmap for understanding the core regulatory interactions during abiotic stress in S. Lycopersicum.
Three-Dimensional Node Localization Algorithm Based on Communication
Radius Refinement and Improved Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Jia Songhao , Yang Cai , Zhang Haiyu 
Published: June 2021

Background:
With the development of the Internet of things, WSN node positioning is
particularly important as its core technology. One of the most widely used algorithms, the DV-hop
algorithm, has many advantages, such as convenient operation, use of no additional equipment,
etc. At the same time, it also has some disadvantages, like large location error and insufficient
robustness. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is advantageous in dealing with nonlinear
optimization problems. Therefore, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is
introduced to solve the problem of inaccurate positioning.

Objective:
Aiming at the problem of large positioning error in the three-dimensional node
localization algorithm, the paper proposes an intelligent node localization algorithm based on hop
distance adjustment. The algorithm is used to optimize the hop number of nodes and make the
distance calculation more accurate. At the same time, particle swarm optimization is used to
intelligently solve the problem of choosing the most valuable node position.

Methods:
Firstly, this paper analyzed the errors caused by the 3D DV-hop localization algorithms.
Then, a new method of distance estimation and coordinate calculation is provided. At the same
time, mutation factors and learning factor based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm are
introduced. Then, a three-dimensional node localization algorithm based on ranging error
correction and particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. Finally, the improved algorithm
is simulated and compared with similar algorithms.
The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has good convergence and improves the
positioning accuracy without additional hardware conditions, and effectively solves the problem of
inaccurate node positioning.

:
The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has good convergence and improves the
positioning accuracy without additional hardware conditions, and effectively solves the problem of
inaccurate node positioning.

Results:
The proposed algorithm creatively combines the hop number correction and particle
swarm optimization algorithm to improve the accuracy of node positioning and robustness.
However，the amount of computation is increased.

Conclusion:
Overall, it is within acceptable limits. It is worthwhile to improve the performance
with a little increase in the amount of computation. The algorithm is worth popularizing.
Solubilización de fosfatos por bacterias del género Burkholderia aisladas de oxisoles de la altillanura colombiana
Authors: Moreno-Conn Lina Margarita , López Casallas Marcela , Cruz Barrera Fredy Mauricio 
Published: June 2021

Los oxisoles de la altillanura en Colombia contienen hasta 400 mg/kg de fósforo. Sin embargo, la fracción disponible para las plantas es inferior a 3,5 mg/kg, lo que obliga la suplementación con fertilizantes fosfóricos. Las plantas pueden adaptarse a estas condiciones por medio de interacciones con bacterias solubilizadoras de fosfatos (BSF) presentes en el suelo. Los oxisoles serían una potencial fuente de BSF; no obstante, existe un desconocimiento de su diversidad en la altillanura colombiana. El objetivo de esta investigación fue aislar, caracterizar e identificar BSF de oxisoles de la altillanura colombiana. A partir de muestras compuestas de suelo con cultivos transitorios y sabana, se obtuvieron 42 aislamientos. De estos, 14 cepas mostraron índices de solubilización de fosfatos entre 1,2 y 2,4. Las cepas M15 y M18 se seleccionaron por su alta actividad de las fosfatasas ácidas con 297,7 ± 89,6 y 638,3 ± 31,2 μg de p-nitrofenilfosfato/mL/h, respectivamente. Los dos aislamientos promovieron el crecimiento vegetal en plantas de arroz en condiciones de invernadero. Mediante la secuenciación parcial del gen 16S rRNA, las dos cepas fueron identificadas dentro del género Burkholderia. Esta investigación amplía el conocimiento de las BSF presentes en los oxisoles de la altillanura colombiana, así como sus capacidades para favorecer la disponibilidad de fósforo en el suelo y promover el crecimiento vegetal.
Estimating the health benefits of timely diagnosis and treatment of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rozenbaum Mark H , Large Samuel , Bhambri Rahul , Stewart Michelle , Young Robert , Doornewaard Alexander van , Dasgupta Noel , Masri Ahmad , Nativi-Nicolau Jose 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
Delayed diagnosis of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) represents a missed opportunity for intervention. This study estimates the health benefits of timely diagnosis and treatment with tafamidis.
Methods:
A disease simulation model was developed to predict health outcomes under scenarios of timely and delayed diagnosis and treatment. Efficacy and quality of life (QoL) profiles were derived from the pivotal tafamidis trial and diagnostic delay durations from the literature.
Results:
Timely diagnosis and treatment were predicted to extend mean life expectancy by 5.46 and 7.76 years, relative to delayed diagnosis, for wild-type and hereditary ATTR-CM, respectively. Corresponding QALY gains were 4.50 and 6.22.
Conclusion:
Timely diagnosis and treatment with tafamidis are predicted to significantly improve survival and QoL for ATTR-CM patients.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN E-LEARNING MENGGUNAKAN MOODLE BERBASIS E-MODUL PADA PEMBELAJARAN INTALASI PENERANGAN LISTRIK UNTUK KELAS XI TITL SMK SWASTA IMELDA MEDAN
Authors: Purba Feber Dhika , Tambunan Hamonangan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract This study aims to know the feasibility of media, as well as to know the response to the development of e-learning media using moodle-based e-modules on the learning of electrical lighting installations at SMKS Imelda Medan. This e-learning development uses addie development model adapted from Mollenda and Reiser (2003). namely: (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. E-learning feasibility assessment is conducted by material experts, media experts, and teachers as respondents. Data collection techniques used are questionnaire techniques to obtain quantitative data as primary data and qualitative data in the form of suggestions or comments as data for e-learning improvements. Quantitative data obtained is then converted into qualitative data using ideal assessment criteria. The results showed that: e-learning has "feasible" criteria from material experts with an average assessment of 4.00, from e-learning media experts have "feasible" criteria with an average rating of 4.13; e-learning trial results to respondents showed that e-learning has a "high acceptance" criteria with an average rating of 4.05. Based on the results of the development research obtained, it can be concluded that the development of e-learning using moodle-based e-modules in SMKS Imelda Medan is feasible to be developed. Key Words: E-Learning Moodle, learning media, E-module AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan media, serta mengetahui respon terhadap pengembangan media e-learning menggunakan moodle berbasis e-modul pada pembelajaran instalasi penerangan listrik di SMKS Imelda Medan. Pengembangan e-learning ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE diadaptasi dari Mollenda dan Reiser (2003). yakni: (1) analisis, (2) desain, (3) pengembangan, (4) implementasi, dan (5) evaluasi. Penilaian kelayakan e-learning dilakukan oleh ahli materi, ahli media, dan guru sebagai responden. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik angket untuk memperoleh data kuantitatif sebagai data primer dan data kualitatif berupa saran atau komentar sebagai data untuk perbaikan e-learning. Data kuantitatif yang diperoleh kemudian dikonversi menjadi data kualitatif menggunakan kriteria penilaian ideal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: e-learning memiliki kriteria “layak” dari ahli materi dengan rerata penilaian 4.00, dari ahli media e-learning memiliki kriteria “layak” dengan rerata penilaian 4.13; hasil uji coba e-learning kepada responden menunjukkan bahwa e-learning memiliki kriteria “akseptansi tinggi” dengan rerata penilaian 4.05. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian pengembangan yang diperoleh maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan e-learning menggunakan moodle berbasis e-modul di SMKS Imelda Medan layak untuk dikembangkan. Kata Kunci: E-Learning Moodle, Media Pembelajaran, E-Modul