bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic food intake patterns among Filipino women: Trends and associations with aging‐related disabilities
Authors: BORJA JUDITH B. , DUAZO PAULITA L. , LEE NANETTE R. , ADAIR LINDA S. 
Published: June 2021

Using 24‐hour food recall data, we examined trends in food intake patterns of 1548 women (aged 38‐71) for over 2 decades (7 surveys between 1983‐2005). We identified those who tracked or maintained the same food group intake rankings over time, and assessed how these patterns influence disabilities occurring with age i.e., difficulty in performing basic functions, physical limitations, and cognitive impairment. Evident of the nutrition transition occurring in the Philippines, we observed a decrease in vegetable and high‐fiber grain consumption, and an increase in meat and sugar consumption over time. We also noted market‐driven changes such as an increase in noodle consumption starting in the mid 80s reflective of the proliferation of cheap instant noodles, and a downward trend in corn as basic staple. Multivariate models were run to assess the diet‐aging relationship, controlling for education, morbidity status, calorie intake, physical activity, and other maternal and household characteristics. Our findings show that tracking of certain food groups influence disabilities. For example, predominantly being in the highest vegetable intake quartile (relative to each other)protect women against having physical limitations at later ages (Odds Ratio: 0.60 [95% CI: 0.42, 0.86]). This merits attention given the secular downward trend in vegetable consumption for this women.NIH Grant No. 1R03TW008133‐01
Zinc‐regulated ZnT1 (SLC30A1) and Glucocorticoid‐regulated ZnT2 (SLC30A2) Influence Zinc Efflux from Pancreatic Acinar Cells
Authors: Guo Liang , Cousins Robert J. 
Published: June 2021

The exocrine pancreas plays an important role in the maintenance of the whole body zinc homeostasis by regulating zinc excretion into the intestine. We identified two zinc transporters, ZnT1 and ZnT2, as potentially being involved in zinc efflux from the exocrine pancreas. Dietary zinc restriction in mouse decreased the zinc concentration in pancreatic cytoplasm and zymogen granules and was correlated to decreased expression of ZnT1 and ZnT2. In contrast, in oral zinc gavage studies increases in pancreatic zinc contents and up‐regulated ZnT1 were observed. Regulation of these two zinc transporters were also examined in vitro with AR42J acinar cells. ZnT2 was found to be stimulated by the glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone during AR42J differentiation. We also identified that the dexamethasone‐induced ZnT2 expression in mice was accompanied by a reduction of pancreatic zinc content. Knocking‐down ZnT2 resulted in increased cytoplasmic zinc and decreased zymogen granule zinc further establishing ZnT2 as the transporter mediating the sequestration of zinc into zymogen granules. In pancreatic acinar cells, ZnT1 controls zinc efflux through the apical membrane in a zinc‐dependent manner, while ZnT2 controls zinc sequestration into secretory granules to influence entero‐pancreatic zinc circulation. Supported by NIH Grant DK 31127.Grant Funding SourceNIH
Dietary protein holds positive and negative effects on bone health in rats
Authors: Thorpe Matthew P , Valentine Rudy J , Moulton Christopher J , Wagoner Johnson Amy J , Evans Ellen M , Layman Donald K 
Published: June 2021

The effect of high protein intakes on bone health is controversial, with both positive and negative effects reported. Human studies are clouded by correlations of protein, calcium and other factors. To control these, 48 Sprague‐Dawley rats aged 52d were randomized to 10 wk diets: PRO: 35% energy as casein, 40% as carbohydrate; CHO: 15% casein and 60% carbohydrate. All other nutrients were matched. Measures included serum IGF‐1 by RIA, mechanical strength of the femur midshaft by 3‐point bend test, bone density by dual x‐ray absorptiometry and, in a random subsample (n=16), trabecular microarchitecture by micro‐computed tomography. Energy intakes did not differ. Respective PRO and CHO M±SD were: trabecular spacing, 232±6, 224±4 um; trabecular number, 2.97±0.16, 3.09±0.09 per mm (p=0.08); trabecular thickness, 120±4, 124±5 um (p=0.08); IGF‐1, 266±61, 204±62. No difference in mechanical strength was observed; however after covarying for IGF‐1 protein had both a negative effect (ß=‐0.37) on work to failure, and an opposing positive effect (ß=0.43) mediated by IGF‐1. Opposing effects were roughly equal in magnitude, producing no net effect on bone strength; however the PRO diet was detrimental to microarchitecture, increasing the average space between trabecular scaffolds. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that protein has both positive effects, mediated by IGF‐1, and negative effects on bone health.Grant Funding SourceUniversity of Illinois Division of Nutritional Science Margin of Excellence Award
Human bioavailability of lunasin after consumption of soy protein products
Authors: Gonzalez de Mejia Elvira , Dia Vermont P , Torres Sofia , de Lumen Ben O. , Erdman John W. 
Published: June 2021

Lunasin is a bioactive peptide with anticancer properties originally isolated from soy. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of lunasin in blood of men fed soy protein products. Five healthy male subjects age 18‐25 were fed with 50 g of soy protein for 5 days, blood was taken at the beginning of the study and at 30 min and 1 h after soy protein ingestion. Lunasin was isolated from plasma by ion exchange chromatography using magnetic beads and quantified by ELISA. At day 5, lunasin in plasma ranged from 50.2 to 110.6 ng/ml (average, 66.0 ± 25.4 ng/ml) after 30 min and 33.5 to 122.7 ng/ml (average, 71.0 ± 32.8 ng/ml) after 1 h. An average 4.5% lunasin absorption (range 2.2‐7.8%) was estimated from the total lunasin ingested. MALDI‐TOF profiling showed a 5 kDa peptide similar to synthetic lunasin in plasma samples of subjects fed soy protein while it was absent in the baseline plasma samples from the same individuals. LC/MS‐MS analysis also showed the presence of amino acids from lunasin in plasma samples after soy intake but not in plasma samples after a wash out period and before soy consumption. The results of the present study suggest that lunasin is bioavailable in humans; an important requirement for its anticancer potential.Supported by ACES Global Connect, University of Illinois and CONACYT Mexico
Net protein anabolic response is not altered during hyperaminoacidemic (hyperAA) clamp in men with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
Authors: Bassil Maya , Marliss Errol B. , Morais José A. , Gougeon Réjeanne 
Published: June 2021

Reduced 24h net protein balance in hyperglycemic T2D was explained by less protein accretion during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic, isoaminoacidemic (isoAA) clamps. We tested whether protein anabolism would worsen with glycemia at 8.0 mM and AA at iso (fasting) or hyper (postprandial). Eight T2D men (57±2 y; BMI: 34±2; FPG: 8.4±0.6mM) underwent hyperinsulinemic (600 pM), hyperglycemic clamps with glucose and leucine kinetics measured at 2 steady‐states: isoAA and hyperAA. Results are compared to 10 T2D and 10 lean nondiabetic men studied euglycemic, isoAA and 9 studied hyperglycemic, hyperAA.In T2D 1) Leucine flux was higher (4.3±0.1 vs. 3.1±0.2 micromol/FFM.min) but net protein balance not different (0±.03 micromol/FFM.min) with isoAA when glycemia was at 8.0 vs. 5.5; net balance was less than in lean (0.25±0.02); however response to hyperAA was as in lean (0.9±.09) 2) endogenous glucose production was less suppressed (1.7±0.4 vs. 0.7±0.2mg/FFM.min) and glucose uptake higher (4.8±.6 vs. 3.6±0.3 mg/FFM.min) with glycemia at 8 vs. 5.5 and with hyperAA. 3) hyperAA did not lower glucose metabolic clearance rate (3.3±0.3 vs. 3.6±0.4 ml/FFM.min), as in lean (9.3±0.7 vs. 5.7±0.4). Thus, protein anabolic response to postprandial AA in T2D is not altered despite indication of insulin resistance of protein. (CIHR)
Beverage Consumption Patterns in the U.S. Population
Authors: Storey Maureen L , Anderson Patricia A 
Published: June 2021

Beverages play an important role in hydration and beverage choices have changed over the last few years. Therefore, it is important to understand beverage consumption patterns. Using data from the 2003‐2004 and 2005‐2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we examined beverage consumption for males and females aged 6‐11, 12‐19, 20‐39, 40‐59, and 60+ years and compared the results with those we published previously using NHANES 1999‐2002 data. Appropriate survey weights were used to calculate average consumption of fruit juices, coffee, tea, milk products, regular fruit drinks/ades, diet fruit drinks/ades, regular carbonated soft drinks (RCSD), and diet carbonated soft drinks (DCSD). Preliminary results show that beverage consumption patterns have changed. On average, RCSD, milk products, and fruit juice consumption have decreased, while consumption of diet fruit drinks/ades has increased across most age groups. Many of the consumption pattern differences between race/ethnicities found using the 1999‐2002 data persist.This study was supported by the American Beverage Association.
Novel Stem/Progenitor Populations: Implications for Cell Therapy
Authors: Keating Armand 
Published: June 2021

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used in human cell therapy protocols. Two major issues, however, have yet to be addressed with this intriguing cell population: the likelihood of true transdifferentiation and isolation of MSC stem cells. To date, neither has been convincingly demonstrated. We have attempted to address both issues here. The demonstration of self‐renewal and differentiation ‐ key criteria for stem cell characteristics ‐ have yet to be accomplished. To address this issue, we rigorously generated true clones from the highly proliferative population of MSCs derived from non‐transformed human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) that share the properties and immunophenotype of bone marrow‐derived MSCs. We demonstrated a hierarchy of differentiation potential along adipocytic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic and fibroblastic lineages. Future studies will be aimed at characterizing clones for the regeneration of specific tissues.To address the issue of transdifferentiation, we employed a novel in vitro system in which embryonic rat cardiomyocytes are co‐cultured with adult murine MSCs derived from transgenic animals carrying the cardiac‐specific myosin heavy chain promoter driving green fluorescence protein (GFP). We found that some cells expressed GFP and, additionally, had acquired several cardiac‐specific markers but nevertheless had retained all previously assayed MSC determinants, suggesting the generation of a unique cell population that we also showed had not arisen from cell fusion. Furthermore, electrophysiological studies revealed that these unique GFP+ cells do not generate action potentials or ionic currents typical of cardiomyocytes, indicating that the cells are functionally, stromal and not cardiomyocytes. The presence of this population in vivo was confirmed in studies with a murine experimental acute myocardial infarction model. The implications of these findings on the nature of tissue regeneration with exogenous MSCs will be discussed in detail.
Advanced multimedia applications for teaching anatomy: a comparison of software used to generate 3D anatomical models
Authors: Midgley Michael , Wilson Timothy D 
Published: June 2021

Reform in medical education has resulted in decreasing anatomy instructional hours and increasing emphasis on medical imaging and clinical application. Recent trends necessitate exploration of alternative teaching methods that augment traditional lecture and cadaveric dissection experiences. Currently, there are a variety of advanced multimedia applications emerging as potential teaching tools. The aim of this study is to compare and contrast the development of 3D anatomical models using two different segmentation and rendering software programs: Amira and OsiriX. Models of the upper limb will be assessed on ease of creation and applications within learning environments. With Amira (v.4.1), accurate reconstructions of anatomical structures are generated from cryosection images obtained from the Visible Human Project. Both manual and semi‐automatic techniques are used to highlight and segment structures of interest. Through stereoscopic projection, the highly detailed model may enhance understanding of complex spatial relationships in lecture or laboratory settings. In contrast, OsiriX is a free program that provides an intuitive interface for managing and viewing cross‐sectional CT and MRI data. It is capable of quickly constructing 3D models through an automatic process. Subsequently, models can be integrated into presentation software.Grant Funding SourceInternal
Development of a 4‐dimensional model of the human heart using cardiac CT data
Authors: Yim Harold , Kiaii Bob 
Published: June 2021

A new and interactive model for presenting human anatomy may allow students, instructors, and clinicians to better understand and integrate knowledge of the body. The aim is to create an anatomically correct three‐dimensional (3‐D) model of a human heart that will be able to rhythmically contract with time, resulting in a four‐dimensional (4‐D) heart model. ECG‐gated cardiac computed tomography (CCT) scans taken at ten time phases (5%‐95%, at 10% intervals) were processed by 3‐D visualization and modeling software (AMIRA). Using manual and automatic segmentation techniques, voxels with gray scale values representing different parts of the heart anatomy were selected and compiled to create the model. A model was constructed for each heartbeat phase, and all phase models were consolidated into one dynamic moving model. The resulting stereoscopic 4‐D model will retain the structure of the original anatomy. An effort will be made to detect any pathological anomalies in the patient using the model. It will feature interactive and explorative capability, eg. zooming in/out, addition and removal of different areas of the heart anatomy, and alteration of model opacity for better viewing of inner compartments.Grant Funding SourceInternal
Tales of Transposons: Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Craig Nancy Lynn , Mitra Rupak , Xie Kefang 
Published: June 2021

Mobile elements are ubiquitous genome components sequences derived from mobile elements can make up large fractions of genomes. Our research is focused on DNA‐only elements that move by excision from the donor site, followed by insertion into the target site.We have dissected the transposition mechanisms of the hAT and piggyBac superfamiles of elements. We have also isolated hyperactive elements to probe their transposition mechanism and to use as tools for genome engineering.Heretofore, no active DNA‐only element has been isolated from a mammal. We have now isolated an active DNA‐only element from the little brown bat Myotis lucifugus.
Promoter‐proximal pausing of Pol II enhances gene expression
Authors: Adelman Karen , Gilchrist Daniel , Nechaev Sergei , Dos Santos Gilberto 
Published: June 2021

Recent work from our lab and others has revealed that many genes in higher eukaryotes are regulated at a step after recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to a gene's promoter. In particular, we have found that Pol II initiates transcription and then pauses during early elongation of Drosophila genes that are involved in development or the response to environmental signals. Release of this promoter‐proximally paused Pol II occurs quickly upon gene activation, allowing for a rapid induction of transcription. As described below, we have discovered that in addition to facilitating rapid gene activation, promoter‐proximally paused Pol II can enhance both basal and induced gene expression by maintaining a permissive chromatin architecture around a gene's promoter.The Negative Elongation Factor (NELF) is a transcription regulatory complex that induces pausing of Pol II during early transcription elongation. We report that RNAi against NELF decreases promoter‐proximally paused Pol II and, surprisingly, that knock‐down of this "negative" factor has largely negative effects on gene expression. Investigation of the down‐regulated promoters shows that significant loss of Pol II pausing is accompanied by increased nucleosome occupancy of the promoter region. These results indicate a dynamic, antagonistic relationship between paused Pol II and nucleosomes, and reveal a mechanism through which paused Pol II can poise a gene for further or future induction.
Nutrition labels at point‐of‐selection in a food‐service operation improves patrons' meal selection
Authors: Chu Yong H. , Frongillo Edward A. , Jones Sonya J. , Kaye Gail L. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe current Nutrition Labeling and Education Act exempts food‐service operations from disclosing nutrition information. As policy makers address short‐comings of this exemption, evidence informing the effects of nutrition labels in food‐service operations on meal selection is needed. This study examined changes in meal selection by patrons when nutrition labels were provided at the point‐of‐selection.MethodsA quasi‐experimental, single‐group, interrupted time‐series design was used to examine the daily sales data of three periods: pre‐treatment, treatment and post‐treatment. Piecewise linear regression was employed to examine changes in the average energy content of entrées and paired t‐test was used to detect differences in sales across the periods.ResultsAverage energy content of entrées purchased by patrons dropped immediately when nutrition labels were made available at point‐of‐selection and average energy content of entrées increased gradually when nutrition information was removed. No significant change in entrée sales between periods occurred.ConclusionsUse of nutrition labels reduced average energy content of entrées purchased without reducing overall sales. These results provide support for strengthening the nutrition labeling policy in food‐service operations.Grant Funding SourceNone
Influence of differing types and formats of menu labeling
Authors: Colby Sarah Elizabeth , Heidal Kimberly , Johnson Chad , Stallings Taft , Gross Kevin 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveNutrition labeling on restaurant menus is now required in some locations. This research investigated the influence of type and format of menu nutrition labeling on consumers' ability to estimate calories and their intended purchases.MethodsYoung adults (N=464) were surveyed using one of six different menus. Menu versions included control, calories only, guideline daily amount system, better for you symbol, index value, and a traffic light system.ResultsOverall, menus with nutrition information analyzed by three calorie groupings were related to fewer calories ordered (1346 vs. 1569 calories ordered) and improved ability to estimate caloric values (586 vs. 821 calories estimation error), x2 (2, 442) = 11.11, p < 0.01 and x2 (35, 442) = 62.27, p< 0.01, respectively. The guideline daily amount system had the largest decrease in calories ordered (1003 calories ordered). The calories only menu had the smallest error between actual calories ordered and ability to identify calories ordered (237 calorie estimation error). Females were more likely than males to decrease calories ordered when nutrition information was present x2 (2, 442) = 8.88, p <0.05.ConclusionsResearch on the influence of type and format of nutrition information on menus with other populations is needed. Results of this and future research needs to be considered when developing menu labeling policies.
High energy consumption among infants of mothers with depressive symptoms is mediated through indulgent feeding
Authors: Hurley Kristen Marie , Black Maureen M , Caulfield Laura E 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDepression is a risk factor for obesity and increased energy consumption among women. Because children learn through imitation and food exposure, the effects of maternal depression may extend through their children's eating behaviors.ObjectiveTo examine the relationships among maternal depressive symptoms, feeding styles, and infant diet.MethodsMaternal mental health, feeding styles, and a 24 hour diet recall were assessed by an interviewer‐administered telephone survey among 689 mothers of WIC receiving infants.ResultsMaternal depressive symptoms predicted higher infant energy consumption (β=59.9; CI: 1.9‐116.9; P<0.05). The relationship was mediated by indulgent feeding styles (MacKinnon Test = 1.50; P<0.05).ConclusionAmong low income mothers, maternal depression is characterized by indulgent feeding styles, possibly resulting in excess infant energy consumption.
Overweight and Obesity in Mexican Scholar Children
Authors: Shamah‐Levy Teresa , Méndez‐ Humaran Ignacio , Cuevas‐ Nasu Lucia , Morales‐ Ruan María del Carmen , Mundo‐Rosas Verónica 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW +O) and to assess its association with some risk factor in a probabilistic sample of Mexican scholars.MethodsInformation from 34,045 children (>6 y) extracted from the Mexican National Health in Publics Schools Survey in Mexico (ENSE‐2008) was included in the analysis. We examined body mass index (BMI) in relation to demographic variables, sweet beverages consumption, and physical activity.ResultsOur results revealed that 1 of every 3 Mexican school children had OW+O (32.3%).The prevalence of overweight and obesity was adjusted by sex, age, region of dwelling (North, Center, South and Mexico City), and consumption of sweet beverages. The prevalence of OW +O was associated with aged children (>10y OR 1.15, p< 0.001); Sex (boys: OR 1.2 p=0.025; consumption of sweet beverages (1.1, p=0.008).ConclusionsOverweight and obesity is becoming a public health problem in Mexico. It should be approached through aggressive interventions targeted to school age children at risk, in order to reduce rapidly the prevalence of overweight and obesity, thus limiting its negative short‐ and long‐term effects on other health outcomes. Supported by the Rio Aronte Foundation, and Fondo de Apoyo al Programa Intersectorial de Educación Saludable.
Comparison of the prevalence of Overweight and Obesity between scholar and non scholar children in Mexico
Authors: Cuevas Lucia , Villalpando Salvador , Avila Marco Antonio , Shamah Teresa 
Published: June 2021

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT ‐2006) in Mexico, and selecting a sample of children (aged 6 ‐11y), this study describes the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its correlation with school attendance, evaluating the BMI by the IOTF criteria.The children who attend school had a greater prevalence of overweight and obesity (27.5%) compared with non attending children 21.6 (5.7 pp lower), this children are involved in infantile work or do not attend school because of their poor condition.In both groups the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity were in the Northern region of the country (attending school 30.8% vs non attending 27.4%) compared with the Southern region (attending school 23.4% vs non attending 18.5%), this latter region, is the poorest in the country.The findings can be used for planning and targeting interventions aimed to prevent and control the important increase in overweight and obesity observed in school age children in Mexico.