bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ni(II) Precatalysts Enable Thioetherification of (Hetero)Aryl Halides and Tosylates and Tandem C−S/C−N Couplings
Authors: Martín M. Trinidad , Marín Mario , Maya Celia , Prieto Auxiliadora , Nicasio M. Carmen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNi‐catalyzed C−S cross‐coupling reactions have received less attention compared with other C‐heteroatom couplings. Most reported examples comprise the thioetherification of most reactive aryl iodides with aromatic thiols. The use of C−O electrophiles in this context is almost uncharted. Here, we describe that preformed Ni(II) precatalysts of the type NiCl(allyl)(PMe2Ar’) (Ar’=terphenyl group) efficiently couple a wide range of (hetero)aryl halides, including challenging aryl chlorides, with a variety of aromatic and aliphatic thiols. Aryl and alkenyl tosylates are also well tolerated, demonstrating, for the first time, to be competent electrophilic partners in Ni‐catalyzed C−S bond formation. The chemoselective functionalization of the C−I bond in the presence of a C−Cl bond allows for designing site‐selective tandem C−S/C−N couplings. The formation of the two C‐heteroatom bonds takes place in a single operation and represents a rare example of dual electrophile/nucleophile chemoselective process.
Studies on 2‐Formylphenylboronic Acid‐Based Ser/Thr Ligation and Cys/Pen Ligation†
Authors: Sun Zhenquan , Li Xuechen 
Published: July 2021

Main observation and conclusionDeveloping an effective chemoselective ligation strategy for assembling unprotected peptide segments is important to peptide/protein synthesis. The ligation efficiency and selectivity depend on the chemistry between the C‐terminal active ester of the peptide (e.g., the thioester in Native Chemical Ligation or the salicylaldehyde ester in Ser/Thr Ligation and Cys/Pen Ligation) and N‐terminal functional groups of the second peptide (Cys or Ser/Thr). Increasing the reactivity of the ligation and decreasing the hydrolysis of the active ester are more like the opposite sites in balance. We investigated the potential application of the peptide acyl ester of 2‐formylphenylboronic acid (2‐FPBA) in the Ser/Thr ligation and Cys/Pen ligation. With the assistance of boronic acid group, the peptidyl FPBA ester showed remarkable stability in aqueous buffer and its reactivity towards Ser/Thr and Cys/Pen also improved. However, the strong coordination of the amine at the N‐terminus and boronic acid suppressed the acyl transfer process when the peptide acyl group was used. More effects should be made to enhance the ligation chemistry.
An ecological approach to printing industry: Development of ecofriendly offset printing inks using vegetable oils and pine resin as renewable raw materials and evaluation of printability
Authors: Hayta Pelin , Oktav Mehmet , Ateş Duru Özlem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPetroleum‐based solvents and synthetic resins are used as raw materials for the production of varnish, which is one of the main components of offset printing inks. These petrochemical compounds that are released to the surrounding in printing process demonstrates harmful effects on environment and human health. In the light of these facts, this study was carried out to investigate the use of renewable natural resources for offset printing inks production to lower environmental impacts and protect human health. In this study, different vegetable‐based offset printing inks were developed with safflower oil (SO); grape seed oil (GSO) and Pinus pinaster resin (PPR) and printability analysis were performed. To understand the effect of pine resin in the ink formulation an ink sample with mineral oil (MO) was also produced. Printing tests were carried out with coated papers and the IGT C1 offset printability tester. Color, gloss, rub resistance, viscosity and tack values were measured on the test prints. Comparison of results with standard values figured out the suitability of using the newly developed offset printing inks for printing industry. The color difference values of color differences were in range of tolerance value. The density value of SO‐PPR ink was found as same with standard values while the density value GSO‐PPR and MO‐PPR inks were measured close to standards as 1.45, 1.42, and 1.46, respectively. The results of printability analysis demonstrated appropriate utilization of the renewable sources for ecological development of offset printing inks.
No evidence that plasmablasts transdifferentiate into developing neutrophils in severe COVID‐19 disease
Authors: Alquicira‐Hernandez José , Powell Joseph E , Phan Tri Giang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesA recent single‐cell RNA sequencing study by Wilk et al. suggested that plasmablasts can transdifferentiate into ‘developing neutrophils’ in patients with severe COVID‐19 disease. We explore the evidence for this.MethodsWe downloaded the original data and code used by the authors in their study to replicate their findings and explore the possibility that regressing out variables may have led the authors to overfit their data.ResultsThe lineage relationship between plasmablasts and developing neutrophils breaks down when key features are not regressed out, and the data are not overfitted during the analysis.ConclusionPlasmablasts do not transdifferentiate into developing neutrophils. The single‐cell RNA sequencing is a powerful technique for biological discovery and hypothesis generation. However, caution should be exercised in the bioinformatic analysis and interpretation of the data and findings cross‐validated by orthogonal techniques.
Semi‐automated background removal limits data loss and normalizes imaging mass cytometry data
Authors: Ijsselsteijn Marieke E. , Somarakis Antonios , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P. F. , Höllt Thomas , de Miranda Noel F. C. C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImaging mass cytometry (IMC) allows the detection of multiple antigens (approximately 40 markers) combined with spatial information, making it a unique tool for the evaluation of complex biological systems. Due to its widespread availability and retained tissue morphology, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues are often a material of choice for IMC studies. However, antibody performance and signal to noise ratios can differ considerably between FFPE tissues as a consequence of variations in tissue processing, including fixation. In contrast to batch effects caused by differences in the immunodetection procedure, variations in tissue processing are difficult to control. We investigated the effect of immunodetection‐related signal intensity fluctuations on IMC analysis and phenotype identification, in a cohort of 12 colorectal cancer tissues. Furthermore, we explored different normalization strategies and propose a workflow to normalize IMC data by semi‐automated background removal, using publicly available tools. This workflow can be directly applied to previously acquired datasets and considerably improves the quality of IMC data, thereby supporting the analysis and comparison of multiple samples.
An improved public transportation system for effective usage of vehicles in intelligent transportation system
Authors: Rajkumar S.C. , Deborah L. Jegatha 
Published: July 2021

SummaryProcuring usage of the public transportation system enhances the promising effect of limiting the number of own vehicles usage in the contemporary world. The present research advocates a new paradigm of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) in the near future, to rescue fossil fuel and to maintain a healthy environment for the current generation. To provide this facility, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) based intelligent learner has been proposed. This intelligent learner is mainly used to predict high vehicle demand requests in order to utilize a public transport system effectively. In this way, excess usages of vehicles are reduced from low vehicle demand request locations to the locations where high vehicles demand requests are generated. Moreover, a new enhanced approach has also been designed to establish communication between the onboard vehicles and the passengers for instant reservation of their seats based on real‐time sensors. To achieve the effective usage of the public transportation system, an effective dynamic scheduling algorithm that dedicates more convenient travel in the complex transportation system, has been proposed. The proposed system results are evaluated using real‐time transport data, which are collected from major cities and they are implemented to predict the exact vehicles demand. The performance results are compared with various existing methods and the proposed system has proved its efficiency than the existing methods. When the proposed system is implemented, it improves 87% usage of public transportation as well as the usage of taxis and own vehicles would be reduced drastically in the city.
PMEPA1 interference activates PTEN/PI3K/AKT, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells and enhancing the sensitivity to gemcitabine and cisplatin
Authors: Yang Yang , Cheng Tao , Xie Peng , Wang Lishan , Chen Hong , Cheng Zhangjun , Zhou Jiahua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo explore the biological activity of transmembrane prostateandrogen induced RNA (PMEPA1) in human pancreatic cancer (hPAC) cells and its drug sensitivity to gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (DDP). Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) were consulted to indicate the expression of PMEPA1 in hPAC tissues and cells. Quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) and western blot were performed to verify the indication. RT‐qPCR and western blot also detected the expressions of PTEN/PI3K/AKT before and after transfection of PMEPA1 siRNA plasmids. Cell counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and EdU staining were performed to examine cell proliferation before and after transfection of phosphatase and tensin homologue delet2ed on chromosome ten (PTEN) siRNA plasmids. Transwell and wound healing detected the invasion and migration of hPAC cells. The expressions of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were detected by western blot. After GEM or DDP treatment, cell viability was observed by commercial kits and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. GEPIA and CCLE predicted increased expression of PMEPA1 in hPAC tissues and cells, which was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blot. PMEPA1 was also shown to be associated with disease‐free survival. Transfection of PMEPA1 siRNA plasmids affected the expressions of PTEN/PI3K/AKT. PMEPA1 interference inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of hPAC cells. Furthermore, PMEPA1 interference also enhanced the sensitivity of hPAC cells to GEM and DDP via PTEN interference. PMEPA1 interference inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells and enhances the sensitivity to GEM and cisplatin by activating PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling.
Loganin exerts a protective effect on ischemia–reperfusion‐induced acute kidney injury by regulating JAK2/STAT3 and Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathways
Authors: Huang Fei , Wang Xiang , Xiao Guifang , Xiao Juan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo investigate the role of loganin in hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)‐induced renal tubular epithelial cells and ischemia/reperfusion‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Cells were received H/R treatment and cultured with different concentrations of loganin. The cell activity and apoptosis were detected. The expressions of apoptosis‐related proteins, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress related molecules, and related molecules of JAK2/STAT3 and Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathways were measured. AKI model of mice was established by I/R procedure, and the kidney was collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. H/R treatment inhibited cell activity and apoptosis, but loganin attenuated the effect of H/R. Moreover, loganin inhibited H/R‐induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in tubular epithelial cells. Loganin down‐regulated the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, suppressed JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and activated Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway. In animal experiment, loganin reduced tubular injury in AKI mice.Loganin had anti‐apoptotic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐oxidative stress effects on H/R‐induced tubular epithelial cells, and could improve AKI in mice induced by I/R. This effect might be achieved by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 and activating the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway.
Investigations in carbon isotope ratios of seized testosterone and boldenone preparations
Authors: Piper Thomas , Thevis Mario 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn order to detect the misuse of testosterone (T) or boldenone (Bo) in doping control analysis, the confirmation of atypical findings employing the determination of carbon isotope ratios (CIR) is mandatory for issuing adverse analytical findings. Elevated concentrations of T (or elevated T/epitestosterone ratios) may result from confounding factors such as ethanol intake, and the presence of low urinary concentrations of Bo can originate from endogenous or urinary in situ production of small amounts of the steroid. As pharmaceutical preparations of Bo and T are generally depleted in13C, their CIR differ significantly from the13C‐enriched endogenous steroids. Some rare cases have been reported on pharmaceutical preparations showing13C‐enriched isotope ratios that complicate the current application of CIR in sports drug testing. Therefore, the CIR of a subset ofn = 157 T preparations andn = 39 Bo preparations seized in Switzerland and Germany between 2013 and 2018 was analyzed in order to estimate the possible impact of steroid preparations showing13C‐enriched isotope ratios on the current approach to detect their misuse. All investigated Bo preparations showed CIR in the expected range between – 26.7 and −30.3‰. Within the T samples, 95% showed the expected values below −26‰ while six samples fall between −25 and −26‰ and one sample was indistinguishable from endogenously produced T with a CIR of −23.3‰.
Biocrusts and its disturbance controls on soil infiltrability in a semi‐arid ecosystem
Authors: Guan Hongjie , Cao Rongjiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe biocrust occurrence and its disturbance alters infiltration in the Mu Us Desert. Knowledge of the hydrological properties of biocrusts and parameterization of soil hydraulic properties are crucial to improve simulation of infiltration and soil water dynamics in vegetation–soil–water models. Infiltration experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biocrusts and its disturbance on soil infiltrability in the Mu Us Desert, northwest of China. A combined Wooding inverse approach was used for the estimation of soil hydraulic parameters. The results showed that both lichen‐ and moss‐covered biocrusts had a negative influence on infiltration in comparison with the bare soil. Biocrust disturbance alters infiltration, but its effect differs depending on the biocrust and disturbance types. For high‐pressure heads, water retention on the moss‐covered soils was higher than on the lichen‐covered soils. Moreover, trampling caused a higher water retention at high‐pressure heads. However, opposite was observed at low‐pressure heads. In addition, moss‐covered soils had lower hydraulic conductivity than the lichen‐covered soils. Additionally, for each biocrust‐covered soil, both trampling and scraping resulted in a higher hydraulic conductivity when compared with the undisturbed soils. The occurrence of biocrusts and its disturbance influenced van Genuchten parameters and subsequently affected the water retention curve and thus altered water condition in the biocrust layer. The findings about the parameterization of soil hydraulic properties are crucial for the simulation of eco‐hydrological processes in arid and semi‐arid ecosystems.
Reaching consensus for unified medical language in Fontan care
Authors: Alsaied Tarek , Rathod Rahul H. , Aboulhosn Jamil A. , Budts Werner , Anderson Jeffrey B. , Baumgartner Helmut , Brown David W. , Cordina Rachael , D'udekem Yves , Ginde Salil , Goldberg David J. , Goldstein Bryan H. , Lubert Adam M. , Oechslin Erwin , Opotowsky Alexander R. , Rychik Jack , Schumacher Kurt R. , Valente Anne Marie , Wright Gail , Veldtman Gruschen R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThe Fontan operation has resulted in improved survival in patients with single‐ventricle congenital heart disease. As a result, there is a growing population of teenagers and adults with a Fontan circulation. Many co‐morbidities have been increasingly recognized in this population due to the unique features of the Fontan circulation. Standardization of how Fontan co‐morbid conditions are defined will help facilitate understanding, consistency and interpretability of research and clinical experience. Unifying common language usage in Fontan is a critical precursor step for data comparison of research findings and clinical outcomes and ultimately accelerating improvements in management for this growing group of patients. This manuscript aimed to create unified definitions for morbidities seen after the Fontan palliation.MethodsIn association of many congenital heart disease organizations, this work used Delphi methodology to reach a broad consensus among recognized experts regarding commonly used terms in Fontan care and research. Each definition underwent at least three rounds of revisions to reach a final definition through surveys sent to experts in the field of single‐ventricle care.ResultsThe process of reaching a consensus on multiple morbidities associated with the Fontan procedure is summarized in this manuscript. The different versions that preceded reaching the consensus are also presented in the . Table 1 represents the final definitions according to the consensus.ConclusionsWe propose the use of these definitions for clinical care, future research studies, registry development and clinical trials.
Long‐term administration of intravenous inotropes in advanced heart failure
Authors: Gentile Piero , Marini Claudia , Ammirati Enrico , Perna Enrico , Saponara Gianluigi , Garascia Andrea , D'Angelo Luciana , Verde Alessandro , Foti Grazia , Masciocco Gabriella , Frigerio Maria , Cipriani Manlio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients in heart transplantation (HTx) waiting list for advanced heart failure (HF) are susceptible to acute deterioration refractory to standard HF medical therapies. Limited data are available on long‐term in‐hospital continuous intravenous (IV) inotropic therapy as bridge to definite therapies.Methods and resultsWe reviewed medical records of all heart transplant recipients treated in the pre‐HTx phase with in‐hospital continuous IV inotropes at our institution between 2012 and 2018. We analysed data before the beginning of continuous IV therapy and at the moment of HTx. We report data of 24 patients (mean age of 43.5 ± 15.7 years) treated with IV inotropes as bridge to HTx (median follow‐up of 28 months after HTx). The main length of IV inotropic therapy was 84 ± 66 days (min 22; max 264 days). At the beginning, the most frequently used inotrope was dopamine (median dosage of 3 mcg/kg/min, interquartile range 2.5–3.75), alone (n = 11, 46%) or in combination with other inotropes (n = 13, 54%). In 18 patients, the class of inotropes was changed during the hospitalization. We registered a progressive improvement of perfusion markers and neuro‐hormonal activation.ConclusionIn‐hospital continuous parenteral inotropic therapy may serve as a temporary pharmacological bridge to HTx in patients with advanced HF that are actively listed to HTx with good reply in terms of prognosis and perfusion markers.
Impact of admission hyperglycaemia on clinical outcomes in non‐diabetic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami , Ukita Kohei , Kawamura Akito , Nakamura Hitoshi , Matsuhiro Yutaka , Yasumoto Koji , Tsuda Masaki , Okamoto Naotaka , Tanaka Akihiro , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Egami Yasuyuki , Shutta Ryu , Tanouchi Jun , Yamada Takahisa , Yasumura Yoshio , Tamaki Shunsuke , Hayashi Takaharu , Nakagawa Akito , Nakagawa Yusuke , Dohi Tomoharu , Nakatani Daisaku , Hikoso Shungo , Sakata Yasushi ,   Osaka CardioVascular Conference (OCVC)‐Heart Failure Investigators
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsAt present, the clinical significance of admission hyperglycaemia in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients remains unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between admission hyperglycaemia and clinical outcome in HFpEF patients, especially in non‐diabetic patients.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 486 non‐diabetic HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%) patients hospitalized due to acute decompensated heart failure from the PURSUIT‐HFpEF registry, a prospective, multicentre observational study. We divided non‐diabetic patients into two groups, an admission hyperglycaemia group whose blood glucose on admission was ≥7.0 mmol/L (148 patients) and a normoglycaemic group whose blood glucose on admission was <7.0 mmol/L (338 patients). The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality, and the secondary endpoints were heart failure death and other causes of cardiac death. During a mean follow‐up period of 400 ± 335 days, all‐cause mortality was 69 patients. Twenty‐five patients suffered cardiac death. All‐cause mortality (P = 0.002), cardiac death (P = 0.009), and heart failure death (P = 0.001) were significantly more frequent in the admission hyperglycaemia group than in the normoglycaemic group. Admission hyperglycaemia was independently and significantly associated with all‐cause mortality and cardiac death (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.20–3.34, P = 0.008 and HR 3.03, 95% CI 1.35–6.96, P = 0.007, respectively).ConclusionsNon‐diabetic HFpEF patients with admission hyperglycaemia when hospitalized for heart failure had poorer clinical outcomes than normoglycaemic patients.
Ferric carboxymaltose for the treatment of iron deficiency in heart failure: a multinational cost‐effectiveness analysis utilising AFFIRM‐AHF
Authors: McEwan Phil , Ponikowski Piotr , Davis Jason A. , Rosano Giuseppe , Coats Andrew J.S. , Dorigotti Fabio , O'Sullivan Donal , Ramirez de Arellano Antonio , Jankowska Ewa A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsIron deficiency is common in patients with heart failure (HF). In AFFIRM‐AHF, ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) reduced the risk of hospitalisations for HF (HHF) and improved quality of life vs. placebo in iron‐deficient patients with a recent episode of acute HF. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of FCM compared with placebo in iron‐deficient patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, stabilised after an episode of acute HF, using data from the AFFIRM‐AHF trial from Italian, UK, US and Swiss payer perspectives.Methods and resultsA lifetime Markov model was built to characterise outcomes in patients according to the AFFIRM‐AHF trial. Health states were defined using the 12‐item Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ‐12). Subsequent HHF were incorporated using a negative binomial regression model with cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality incorporated via parametric survival analysis. Direct healthcare costs (2020 GBP/USD/EUR/CHF) and utility values were sourced from published literature and AFFIRM‐AHF. Modelled outcomes indicated that treatment with FCM was dominant (cost saving with additional health gains) in the UK, USA and Switzerland, and highly cost‐effective in Italy [incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) EUR 1269 per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY)]. Results were driven by reduced costs for HHF events combined with QALY gains of 0.43–0.44, attributable to increased time in higher KCCQ states (representing better functional outcomes). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses demonstrated data robustness, with the ICER remaining dominant or highly cost‐effective under a wide range of scenarios, including increasing treatment costs and various patient subgroups, despite a moderate increase in costs for de novo HF and smaller QALY gains for ischaemic aetiology.ConclusionFerric carboxymaltose is estimated to be a highly cost‐effective treatment across countries (Italy, UK, USA and Switzerland) representing different healthcare systems.