bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression pattern of the V5‐Ostm1 protein in bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice
Authors: Pata Monica , Yousefi Behzadi Pardis , Vacher Jean 
Published: January 2021

SummaryMutations in the osteopetrotic transmembrane protein 1 (Ostm1) gene are responsible for the most severe form of autosomal recessive osteopetrosis both in humans and in the gray lethal (gl/gl) mouse. This defect leads to increased bone mass with bone marrow occlusion and hematopoietic defects. To establish the expression profile of the mouse Ostm1 protein in vivo, homologous recombination in bacteria was designed to generate a V5‐Ostm1 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) that was subsequently integrated in the mouse genome. Tissue expression of the transgene V5‐Ostm1 RNA and protein in transgenic mice follow the endogenous expression profile. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated expression in neuronal populations from central and peripheral nervous system and defined a unique cellular expression pattern. Importantly, together with appropriate protein post‐translational modification, in vivo rescue of the osteopetrotic bone gl/gl phenotype in BAC V5‐Ostm1 gl/gl mice is consistent with the expression of a fully functional and active protein. These mice represent a unique tool to unravel novel Ostm1 functions in individual tissue and neuronal cell populations and the V5‐Ostm1 transgene represents an easy visual marker to monitor the expression of Ostm1 in vitro and in vivo.
An experimental test of stabilizing forces in the field niche
Authors: Siefert Andrew , Friesen Maren L. , Zillig Kenneth W. , Aguilar Jessica , Strauss Sharon Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractModern coexistence theory holds that stabilizing mechanisms, whereby species limit the growth of conspecifics more than that of other species, are necessary for species to coexist. Here, we used experimental and observational approaches to assess stabilizing forces in eight locally co‐occurring, annual, legume species in the genus Trifolium. We experimentally measured self‐limitation in the field by transplanting Trifolium species into each other's field niches while varying competition and related these patterns to the field coexistence dynamics of natural Trifolium populations. We found that Trifolium species differed in their responses to local environmental gradients and performed best in their home environments, consistent with habitat specialization and presenting a possible barrier to coexistence at fine scales. We found significant self‐limitation for 5 of 42 pairwise species combinations measured experimentally with competitors absent, indicating stabilization through plant–soil feedbacks and other indirect interactions, whereas self‐limitation was largely absent when neighbors were present, indicating destabilizing effects of direct plant–plant interactions. The degree of self‐limitation measured in our field experiment explained year‐to‐year dynamics of coexistence by Trifolium species in natural communities. By assessing stabilizing forces and environmental responses in the full n‐dimensional field niche, this study sheds light on the roles of habitat specialization, plant–soil feedbacks, and plant interactions in determining species coexistence at local scales.
Updating the CSIC Reaction (2003–2020)
Authors: Dobrydnev Alexey V. , Marco‐Contelles José 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerein, we have updated the progress and developments of the Carbanion‐mediated Sulfonate (or Sulfonamide) Intermolecular Coupling, and Intramolecular Cyclization, abbreviated as CSIC reaction (CSICr), in the last seventeen years from the seminal review published in 2003 in this same Journal. CSICr has proven to be a useful and versatile synthetic tool, efficiently providing a number of open‐chain [alkane(sulfonamide)sulfonates] or cylic (sultams and sultones) synthetic intermediates or final products of high value in organic and medicinal chemistry.
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis (FVP) of cis‐N‐phenyl‐hexahydro‐2H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐2‐imine and Thiazin‐2‐imine Derivatives
Authors: Pinilla Peña Diana C. , Ruiz Pereyra Elba N. , Firpo Guadalupe , Ceballos Noelia M. , Fülöp Ferenc , Szakonyi Zsolt , Iriarte Ana G. , Peláez Walter J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCis‐N‐phenyl‐hexahydro‐2H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐2‐imines and cis‐N‐phenyl‐hexahydro‐2H‐benzo[d][1,3]thiazin‐2‐imines were prepared and subjected to Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis (FVP). NH− and NCH3− oxazines reacted at lower temperatures than the thio‐ analogs, showing lower thermal stability, while NCH2Ph− compounds presented the opposite behavior. Oxazines and thiazines yielded different products through homolytic fragmentations of the heterocycle moiety, the stability of which increased with the N− substitution. Based on the analysis of the reaction temperatures and the unraveling of the obtained products, it is proposed that any heterocyclic ring‐opening reactions (initiated by X3−C4, C8a−N1, or C2−X3 bond rupture) require less energy than the retro‐Diels–Alder process (RDA) that yields butadiene. This concerted reaction path is only achieved at temperatures higher than 470 °C. Kinetic measurements reveal negative entropies of activation, which suggest a partially concerted way of reaction or slightly asynchronous fragmentation processes, with higher energy of activation (Ea) values for the N‐substituted derivatives compared to the unsubstituted ones. Experimental results agree with calculations at the DFT level (B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p)) and M06‐2X (6‐311+G(d,p)) from Gaussian09 software.
The preferred method for reminding a child's vaccination schedule among Iranian parents
Authors: Ahmadian Leila , Hashemi Zohreh , Khajouei Reza , Najaf Najafi Mona 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe most important reason for vaccination delay is the unawareness of the parents of vaccination schedule. The use of reminders can result in better vaccination coverage.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the preferred method of receiving vaccination reminders from the parents' perspective.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsWe studied the parents of under 7‐year‐old children who visited one of the six urban health centres in Mashhad for vaccination of their children in 2017. Three hundred parents were participated based on the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of five sections. Five Medical Informatics specialists confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. The data were analysed by descriptive‐inferential statistics and the significance level was set at p < 0.05.ResultsAround 94% of the participants wanted to be reminded about their children's vaccination schedule. Most of them (74.3%) preferred to receive reminders by short text messaging (SMS) and 42% preferred to be reminded 1 day before the vaccination date (n = 42%). The tendency to receive reminders and the preferred method had no significant correlation with participants' age, education degree and residential area.ConclusionsThe preferred reminder method from the parents' perspective was SMS. Despite the growth of information technology as well as people's access to the Internet, it seems that use of other methods such as SMS to remind and specifically educate parents in this respect is more common.
Performance evaluation of a solar‐powered flat‐plate multichannel liquid desiccant air conditioning system
Authors: Sharma Akash , Kaushal Rajneesh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere has been a limited application of liquid desiccant (LD) dehumidification systems in space air conditioning until now. The key elements responsible for this restricted implementation are leakage of desiccant solution, corrosion of components, and solution carryover along with the processed air to the space to be conditioned. To remove these problems, an evacuated tube solar heat collector‐driven multichannel liquid desiccant air conditioning system has been proposed and experimentally investigated. In this study, dehumidification and regeneration rate, their effectiveness, cooling effect of the dehumidifier, and indirect evaporative cooling unit have been analyzed. The results obtained indicate that the process air has been dehumidified and cooled by 6.32 g kg−1 and 5.26°C, respectively. The regeneration rate and effectiveness have been obtained to be 0.26 g s−1 and 0.31, respectively. In terms of the cooling effect, the system output of 0.703 and 0.130 kW has been obtained from the dehumidifier and indirect evaporative cooling unit of the system, respectively. The proposed system validates the possibility of the novel solar‐powered liquid desiccant air conditioning system concept and provides growth and development of the LD air conditioning technology for space air conditioning.
Thermal analysis of a novel retarder by using the nanofluid cooling system: Numerical and experimental approaches
Authors: Xu Xiaoqin , Chen Shumei , Chen Chengchun , Xu Changhua , Wang Cheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo solve the problem of braking torque decline or even brake failure of vehicle retarders caused by high temperature due to long‐time or high‐power braking, the nanofluid with high thermal conductivity is introduced into the previously proposed novel retarder. To evaluate the nanofluid cooling capabilities, a model depicting the vertical fluid flow in the retarder is formulated. Adopting similarity transformations and a shooting method coupled with Runge–Kutta iterative technology, the model boundary value problem is tackled numerically. The cooling capabilities of three typical ethylene glycol (EG)‐based nanofluids: Cu–EG, Al2O3–EG, and TiO2–EG are investigated and compared. Finally, an experimental test is carried out to examine the temperature rise and the variation of braking torque for the retarder. It is demonstrated that Al2O3–EG nanofluid has the highest Nusselt number (rate of heat transfer), and more importantly, the braking torque of the proposed retarder decreases by only 8.2% under high‐power braking condition.
The vicinity of reservoirs and type of environment contribute to the occurrence of an exotic cladoceran, Daphnia lumholtzi (Sars, 1885), in a Neotropical drainage basin
Authors: Nunes Ariadine H. , Mantovano Tatiane , Pedroso Clemerson R. , Tanaka dos Santos Gabriela N. , Bonecker Claudia C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiological invasions are one of the major threats to the integrity of aquatic ecosystems worldwide. We examined the influence of reservoirs, availability of food resources, abiotic resistance, and biotic resistance on the distribution of Daphnia lumholtzi, a non‐native cladoceran that is spreading through habitats in the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. We sampled 48 sites distributed in four habitat types: reservoirs, lakes, tributaries, and the main river. D. lumholtzi densities were higher in reservoirs than in other habitat types (lentic and lotic). We found a significant correlation between a higher density of D. lumholtzi and the distance from reservoirs to the other sampling points. Additionally, a relationship between D. lumholtzi and types of environments was noted. It is known that cladocerans, including D. lumholtzi, have a reduced swimming ability, which makes it difficult for them to overcome currents and consequently establish or maintain large populations in lotic environments. Further research is needed to identify other factors responsible for the species' occurrence in this system and to determine the possible effects this species may have on the native community.
Ibandronate Reduces the Surface Bone Resorption of Mandibular Bone Grafts: A Randomized Trial With Internal Controls
Authors: Abtahi Jahan , Klintström Benjamin , Klintström Eva 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAutologous bone grafts are considered the gold standard for reconstruction of the edentulous alveolar ridges. However, this procedure is associated with unpredictable bone loss caused by physiological bone resorption. Bisphosphonates are antiresorptive drugs that act specifically on osteoclasts, thereby maintaining bone density, volume, and strength. It was hypothesized that the resorption of bone grafts treated with an ibandronate solution would be less advanced than bone grafts treated with saline. Ten patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy were included in a randomized double‐blind trial with internal controls. Each patient received a bone graft treated with a solution of ibandronate on one side and a graft treated with saline (controls) contralaterally. Radiographs for the measurement of bone volume were obtained at 2 weeks and at 6 months after surgery. The primary endpoint was the difference in the change of bone volume between the control and the ibandronate bone grafts 6 months after surgery. All of the bone grafts healed without complications. One patient was excluded because of reoperation. In eight of the nine patients, the ibandronate bone grafts showed an increase in bone volume compared with baseline, with an average gain of 126 mm3 (40% more than baseline) with a range of +27 to +218 mm3. Only one ibandronate‐treated graft had a decrease in bone volume (8%). In the controls, an average bone volume loss of −146 mm3 (58% of baseline) with a range of −29 to −301 mm3 was seen. In the maxillofacial field, the reconstructions of atrophic alveolar ridges, especially in the esthetical zones, are challenging. These results show that bone grafts locally treated with ibandronate solution increases the remaining bone volume. This might lead to new possibilities for the maxillofacial surgeons in the preservation of bone graft volumes and for dental implant installations. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Reducing the effects of control materials based on interchangeability of estimates of day‐to‐day imprecision between commercial control materials and serum samples
Authors: Xie Qin , Tang Yi , Zhou Meihua , Dai Bing , Zhao Xiaomin , Cheng Yating , He Jun , Zhang Chenli , Deng Xiaoyan , Li Lishi , Tao Ran 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundReduce the effects in the storage‐and‐thawing process of commercial control materials based on their interchangeability evaluation.MethodsSeven assays—anti‐streptolysin O, complement 3, carcinoembryonic antigen, urea, ferritin, total bilirubin, and glucose—were selected. Commercial control materials and serum samples with similar concentrations were chosen as samples. The experiment was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, the assays with statistical differences in imprecision were screened. In the second stage, two specimens were sealed with parafilm and frozen at −80°C and thawed in the water bath, and the imprecision differences were compared again. Finally, the effective means to reduce the effects were included in the standard operating procedure to repeat confirmation.ResultsIn the first stage, there was only a statistical difference (p < 0.05) in the imprecision of glucose and total bilirubin between two specimens, and the imprecision of control materials was higher than the serum samples. In the second stage, glucose imprecision was not statistically different (p > 0.05) and lower than in the first stage. In the third stage, the methods from the second stage were confirmed to be effective at reducing control material effects.ConclusionFinding variation factors and confirming and standardizing the measures will help lessen commercial control material effects.
Hydrogen sulfide and mesenchymal stem cells‐extracted microvesicles attenuate LPS‐induced Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Aboulhoda Basma E. , Rashed Laila A. , Ahmed Hoda , Obaya Eman M. M. , Ibrahim Walaa , Alkafass Marwa A. L. , Abd El‐Aal Sarah A. , ShamsEldeen Asmaa M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBoth hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) extracted microvesicles (MVs) are potent anti‐inflammatory molecules. They play an essential role in lowering the production of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). The latter could strongly stimulate MiR‐155 that contributes to neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease (AD). miR‐155 could repress the expression of inositol 5‐phosphatase‐1 (SHIP‐1) leading eventually to activation of Akt kinase and neurofibrillary development in AD. The current study was conducted to evaluate the role of miR‐155 in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced AD and to investigate the effect of using MVs and H2S that were given either separately or combined in regulating pro‐inflammatory signaling. Thirty female Wistar albino rats aged 6 months to 1 year were equally divided into five groups; control group, LPS‐induced AD group, LPS + MVs group, LPS + NaHS group, and LPS + MVs and NaHS group. The increased miR‐155 level was associated with decreased SHIP‐1 level and positively correlated with TNF‐α. In addition, treatment with MVs and/or NaHS resulted in attenuation of inflammation, decreasing miR‐155, pAkt levels, and downregulation of apoptosis along with improvement of the hippocampal and cortical histopathological alterations. LPS enhanced production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels indicating oxidative stress‐induced neural damage, whereas MVs and NaHS could mitigate oxidative damage and accelerate antioxidant capacity via increasing catalase enzyme. In conclusion, downregulation of TNF‐α, miR‐155, and pAkt and increased SHIP‐1 could improve the neuro‐inflammatory state and cognitive function of LPS‐induced Alzheimer's disease.
Multi‐tissue stable isotope analyses reveal temporal changes in the feeding patterns of green turtles in the Galapagos Marine Reserve
Authors: Páez‐Rosas Diego , Salinas‐de‐León Pelayo , Proaño Alberto , Vaca‐Pita Leandro , Suarez‐Moncada Jenifer 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKnowledge of feeding patterns of highly migratory species is critical for understanding their habitat use and informing the management of their populations. The Galapagos Islands are one of the most important nesting and feeding areas for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) across the tropical eastern Pacific, yet little is known about the feeding patterns of this species. The isotopic composition of different tissues has been used to gain insight into the trophic dynamics of mobile aquatic consumers whose trophic behavior is difficult to directly measure. To elucidate the temporal feeding patterns and isotopic niche sizes of Galapagos green turtles, stable isotope analyses were performed on multiple tissues (skin and carapace) collected at the two most important nesting areas in the archipelago: Bachas and Quinta Playa. The δ13C and δ15N signatures on the skin and carapace samples from 56 adult females revealed significant differences between tissues (p = .001 and p = .021, respectively) and nesting areas (p = .011 and p = .003, respectively). These differences suggest a shift from oceanic feeding grounds to neritic habitats before nesting. The carapace isotope values indicated an offshore feeding strategy and a greater isotopic niche (SEAc = 1.91‰2), whereas the skin isotope values represented an inshore feeding strategy with a narrower niche (SEAc = 1.37‰2), likely related to the consumption of specific coastal prey. Our results suggest that Galapagos green turtles feed across different habitats, and this information can be applied to improve the management of this endangered species.
Biochemical responses of wheat to silicon application under salinity
Authors: Zia Ahmad , Hegazy Hegazy S. , Hassan Noaman S. , Naguib Deyala M. , Abdel-Haliem Mahmoud E. F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: Salinity is one of the main threats that can cause crop yield losses by limiting plant growth. Several important cultivated crops including wheat exhibit sensitivity to salt stress by severe yield reductions. Approaches to improve salt resistance are critical for improved food production in the future.Aims: Silicon (Si) is well known for its role as quasi‐essential element to enhance growth and development of monocot food crops, especially under a variety of abiotic and biotic stress conditions. However, the mechanism of Si‐induced stress resistance is still not fully understood. Here, we investigate the biochemical basis of Si‐induced salt resistance of wheat.Methods: Effect of Si treatment on wheat plants under salt stress was measured by biochemical studies of photosynthetic pigments, ions, oxidative stress indicators, enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant systems, phytohormones along with expression of two Si‐transport genes.Results: Our results suggest that Si‐induced salt resistance of wheat involves a signaling cascade that triggers the biochemical defense responses. Salinity induces production of the stress hormone abscisic acid that upregulates the expression of Si‐influx transporter gene TaLsi1 and Si‐efflux transporter gene TaLsi2, in the presence of soluble Si in cytosol, and this triggers jasmonate‐mediated activation of both enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant systems along with osmolyte production. Moreover, peculiar stoichiometric changes in photosynthetic pigments after Si application, as signatures of shaded condition, also lead us to the hypothesis that insoluble Si phytoliths in plants may aid a physical defense response by creating a “mechanically shielded leaf microenvironment” against a variety of abiotic and biotic stress conditions.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Si activates biochemical defense responses against salt stress in wheat plants.
Posttraumatic Distress and Treatment Barriers Among Former Gang Members: Implications for Improving Access to Traumatic Stress Resources in Marginalized Populations
Authors: Valdez Christine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLimited research has examined the links among violent victimization, mental health, and service utilization among gang‐involved individuals. This mixed‐methods preliminary study examined narratives of psychiatric distress, current psychiatric morbidity, and mental health treatment experiences among a sample of former gang members (N = 32; M age = 44.4 years, 87.5% male; 56.3% Hispanic or Latino, 31.3% African American). Participants completed online questionnaires to assess trauma exposure and current psychiatric symptoms as well as a semistructured interview to examine histories of psychiatric distress and mental health treatment. Participants reported exposure to an average of 10.2 discrete traumatic events (range: 3–21). On average, participants reported exposure to five to six community violence–related events, ranging from never or one time up to monthly and weekly exposure. Participants generally described histories of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse, although a thematic analysis revealed PTSD symptoms predominated the psychiatric distress described, including symptoms related to intrusions, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and alterations in arousal. Grounded theory analysis revealed barriers to traditional models of mental health treatment included self‐isolation, gang rules, and social stigma, especially in the context of interpersonal disconnect with providers. Given conditions of limited resources to access treatment, participants engaged in peer support services, which may have reduced their psychiatric distress to currently low levels. Implications for understanding these notable findings of recovery and resilience for some individuals and building trauma‐informed communities that improve access to traumatic stress resources for marginalized populations are discussed.