bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Number of Individuals Receiving Hepatitis B nucleos(t)ide Analogs Therapy in Germany, 2008–2019
Authors: Maisa Anna , Kollan Christian , an der Heiden Matthias , van Bömmel Florian , Cornberg Markus , Mauss Stefan , Wedemeyer Heiner , Schmidt Daniel , Dudareva Sandra 
Published: May 2021

Background: Germany is a low prevalence country for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with higher prevalence in vulnerable groups. The number of treated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is unknown. We aimed to determine the number of CHB patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs), the treatment costs within the statutory health insurance (SHI) in Germany and per patient per month.Methods: Data on pharmacy bills of NUCs to patients with SHI between 2008 and 2019 were purchased from Insight Health™ and described. Negative binomial regression was used for trend analysis.Results: Number of patients increased between 2008 and 2019 (4.9% per year) with little changes in treatment options. Overall prescription costs were increasing (6.7% per year on average) until the introduction of tenofovir and entecavir generics in 2017 after which costs decreased by 31% in 2019. Average therapy costs peaked at 498 Euro per patient per month in 2016 and decreased to 214 Euro in 2019. Prescriptions changed from 30 to 90 pills per pack over time. HBV therapy was prescribed to 97% by three medical specialist groups, mainly specialists in internal medicine (63%), followed by hospital-based outpatient clinics (20%) and general practitioners (15%). Contrary to guideline recommendation, adefovir was still prescribed after 2011 for 1–5% of patients albeit with decreasing tendency. Prescriptions per 100,000 inhabitants were highest in Berlin and Hamburg.Conclusion: Our data shows, that the number of treated CHB patients increased steadily, while NUC therapy costs decreased. We recommend continued testing and treatment for those eligible to prevent advanced liver disease and possibly decrease further transmission of HBV.
Prognostic Impact of Preoperative Naples Prognostic Score in Gastric Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Xiong Jianping , Hu Haitao , Kang Wenzhe , Liu Hao , Ma Fuhai , Ma Shuai , Li Yang , Jin Peng , Tian Yantao 
Published: May 2021

Background: The Naples prognostic score (NPS) is established according to nutritional or inflammatory state, which has been identified as a new prognostic score for various malignant tumors. However, its prognosis prediction effect on gastric cancer (GC) patients is still unknown so far. The present work aimed to examine the NPS function in the prediction of GC prognosis.Methods: In this study, patients undergoing surgery with no preoperative therapy were retrospectively examined from June 2011 to August 2019. Typically, the total cholesterol level, serum albumin content, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio were determined to calculate the NPS. Besides, the prognostic value of NPS was evaluated by survival analyses. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (t-ROC) curve analysis was also carried out to compare the prognostic value of the scoring systems.Results: Altogether 1,283 cases were enrolled into the present work. NPS was markedly related to age, gender, tumor size, body mass index, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and pTNM stage. Upon multivariate analysis, NPS was identified as an independent prognostic factor for the prediction of overall survival (OS) (P &lt; 0.001). In subgroup analyses stratified by adjuvant chemotherapy or surgery alone, NPS was still the independent prognostic factor for OS in both groups (both P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, NPS exhibited higher accuracy in the prediction of OS than additional prognostic factors, as revealed by the results of t-ROC curve analysis.Conclusions: NPS is a simple and useful scoring system that can be used to independently predict the survival of GC cases undergoing surgery.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Hypoparathyroidism After Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Ru Zhou , Mingliang Wang , Maofei Wang , Qiaofeng Chen , Jianming Yuan 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy.Methods: Clinical data of patients who undergo total thyroidectomy in the Luwan Branch of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University was collected from January 2015 to December 2018, retrospectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with transient and long-term hypoparathyroidism.Results: A total of 537 patients were collected. The patients' average age included in the study was 47.3 ± 12.7 years old, including 135 males (25.1%) and 702 females (74.9%). There were 194 patients (36.1%) with transient postoperative hypoparathyroidism, and 21 patients (3.9%) had long-term postoperative hypoparathyroidism. After multivariate analysis, the main risk factors related to postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism were gender (P = 0.038, OR 0.686), combined lymph node dissection (P = 0.008, OR 1.569), and the maximum diameter of the thyroid (P = 0.011, OR 1.192), second operation (P = 0.001, OR 1.974), preoperative blood calcium (P &lt; 0.001, OR 0.028). The main risk factors associated with long-term postoperative hypoparathyroidism are combined with lymph node dissection (P = 0.011, OR 1.594), maximum thyroid diameter (P = 0.032, OR 1.254), and PTH on the first day after surgery (P &lt; 0.001, OR 1.199).Conclusions: Gender, combined lymph node dissection, maximum thyroid diameter, a second surgery, and preoperative blood calcium are risk factors for transient hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery. The combined lymphatic dissection and the thyroid gland's maximum diameter are risk factors for long-term hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery. PTH on the first day after surgery has a predictive effect on patients with long-term hypoparathyroidism.
Zoledronic Acid in Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures Treated With Percutaneous Kyphoplasty: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tian Peng , Liu Yue , Li Zhi-jun , Xu Gui-jun , Ma Xin-long 
Published: May 2021

Background: We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid combined with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).Methods: Eligible scientific articles published prior to July 2020 were retrieved from the PubMed, Springer, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases. The statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1.Results: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 2 non-RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The present meta-analysis revealed that zoledronic acid combined with PKP is associated with a higher BMD, a better quality of life, less severe low back pain, and fewer additional vertebral body fractures than is percutaneous vertebral augmentation alone.Conclusions: Compared with PKP only, zoledronic acid combined with percutaneous vertebral augmentation is beneficial for OVCFs.
Case Report: A Rare Case of Nasal Forehead Mass in Kimura's Disease
Authors: Zhao He , Cao Zhi-wei , Gu Zhao-wei 
Published: May 2021

Background:Kimura's disease is a rheumatic immune disease and head and neck lymph nodes are often involved. A mass occurring in the nasal forehead is rare. Good prognosis after surgical resection by glucocorticoid therapy is more rare.Case Summary:We report the rare case of a nasal forehead mass in a 45-year-old male patient with Kimura's disease. The patient underwent resection of the mass in October 2018 in a local hospital and the postoperative pathology was unclear. He then underwent a second resection in our department in December 2019 mainly because growth of the mass was affecting his appearance. Postoperative pathology confirmed that the patient had Kimura's disease, and he accepted systemic treatment with prednisone. We followed the patient for 10 months after surgery. He is now recovering well and continues to be closely monitored during follow-up.Conclusion:It is rare that the painless mass in the nasal forehead is diagnosed as a Kimura's disease.After completely resection of the mass and systemic treatment with prednisone, the patient had a good outcome. We provide experience for the treatment of Kimura's disease in nasal forehead.
Case Report: COVID-19 Pneumonia Following Left Pneumonectomy for Lung Cancer Complicated by Empyema and Bronchopleural Fistula
Authors: Testori Alberto , Giudici Veronica M. , Alloisio Marco , Cioffi Ugo 
Published: May 2021

Background: Venous and arterial thromboembolism is commonly reported in critically ill COVID-19 patients, although there are still no definitive statistical data regarding its incidence.Case presentation: we report a case of a patient who fell ill with Covid during hospitalization for a pneumonectomy complicated by empyema and bronchopleural fistula. The patient, despite being cured of COVID, died after 14 days for pulmonary thromboembolism.Conclusion: Our case strengthens the suggestion of adequate thromboprophylaxis in all hospitalized COVID patients and of increasing prophylaxis in critically ill patients even in the absence of randomized studies
Analysis of Small Hydropower Generation Potential: (1) Estimation of the Potential in Ungaged Basins
Authors: Jung Sungeun , Bae Younghye , Kim Jongsung , Joo Hongjun , Kim Hung Soo , Jung Jaewon 
Published: May 2021

Small hydropower (SHP) plants are advantageous as they have a short construction period and can be easily maintained. They also have a higher energy density than other alternative energy sources as environmentally-friendly energy sources. In general, hydropower potential is estimated based on the discharge in the river basin, and the discharge can be obtained from the stage station in the gaged basin. However, if there is no station (i.e., ungaged basin) or no sufficient discharge data, the discharge should be estimated based on rainfall data. The flow duration characteristic model is the most widely used method for the estimation of mean annual discharge because of its simplicity and it consists of rainfall, basin area, and runoff coefficient. Due to the characteristics of hydroelectric power depending on the discharge, there is a limit to guaranteeing the accuracy of estimating the generated power with only one method of the flow duration characteristic model. Therefore, this study assumes the gaged basins of the three hydropower plants of Deoksong, Hanseok, and Socheon in Korea exist as ungaged basins and the river discharges were simulated using the Kajiyama formula, modified-TPM(Two-Parameter Monthly) model, and Tank model for a comparison with the flow duration characteristics model. Furthermore, to minimize the uncertainty of the simulated discharge, four blending techniques of simple average method, MMSE(Multi-Model Super Ensemble), SMA(Simple Model Average), and MSE(Mean Square Error) were applied. As for the results, the obtained discharges from the four models were compared with the observed discharge and we noted that the discharges by the Kajiyama formula and modified-TPM model were better fitted with the observations than the discharge by the flow duration characteristics model. However, the result by the Tank model was not well fitted with the observation. Additionally, when we investigated the four blending techniques, we concluded that the MSE technique was the most appropriate for the discharge simulation of the ungaged basin. This study proposed a methodology to estimate power generation potential more accurately by applying discharge simulation models that have not been previously applied to the estimation of SHP potential and blending techniques were also used to minimize the uncertainty of the simulated discharge. The methodology proposed in this study is expected to be applicable for the estimation of SHP potential in ungaged basins.
Low Temperature and Cold Stress Significantly Increase Saxitoxins (STXs) and Expression of STX Biosynthesis Genes sxtA4 and sxtG in the Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella
Authors: Kim Hansol , Park Hyunjun , Wang Hui , Yoo Hah Young , Park Jaeyeon , Ki Jang-Seu 
Published: May 2021

Toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp. produce saxitoxins (STXs), whose biosynthesis pathway is affected by temperature. However, the link between the regulation of the relevant genes and STXs’ accumulation and temperature is insufficiently understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of temperature on cellular STXs and the expression of two core STX biosynthesis genes (sxtA4 and sxtG) in the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella Alex03 isolated from Korean waters. We analyzed the growth rate, toxin profiles, and gene responses in cells exposed to different temperatures, including long-term adaptation (12, 16, and 20 °C) and cold and heat stresses. Temperature significantly affected the growth of A. catenella, with optimal growth (0.49 division/day) at 16 °C and the largest cell size (30.5 µm) at 12 °C. High concentration of STXs eq were detected in cells cultured at 16 °C (86.3 fmol/cell) and exposed to cold stress at 20→12 °C (96.6 fmol/cell) compared to those at 20 °C and exposed to heat stress. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed significant gene expression changes of sxtA4 in cells cultured at 16 °C (1.8-fold) and cold shock at 20→16 °C (9.9-fold). In addition, sxtG was significantly induced in cells exposed to cold shocks (20→16 °C; 19.5-fold) and heat stress (12→20 °C; 25.6-fold). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that low temperature (12 and 16 °C) and cold stress were positively related with STXs’ production and gene expression levels. These results suggest that temperature may affect the toxicity and regulation of STX biosynthesis genes in dinoflagellates.
Multiplex Serum Biomarker Assays Improve Prediction of Renal and Mortality Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Martin William P. , Conroy Chloe , Naicker Serika D. , Cormican Sarah , Griffin Tomás P. , Islam Md Nahidul , McCole Eibhlin M. , McConnell Ivan , Lamont John , FitzGerald Peter , Ferguson John P. , Richardson Ciarán , Logue Susan E. , Griffin Matthew D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Key Points

Incorporation of 11 serum biomarkers alongside clinical variables improved prediction of adverse CKD outcomes over 5-year follow-up.Patients with the triad of high sTNFR1 and NGAL coupled with low C3a-desArg had particularly high adverse event rates during follow-up.Biomarkers were quantified on a single, clinical-grade analyzer, with potential for improved translatability to the CKD outpatient setting.

Background
We investigated the predictive value of 11 serum biomarkers for renal and mortality end points in people with CKD.

Methods
Adults with CKD (n=139) were enrolled from outpatient clinics between February 2014 and November 2016. Biomarker quantification was performed using two multiplex arrays on a clinical-grade analyzer. Relationships between biomarkers and renal and mortality end points were investigated by random forests and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
The cohort was 56% male. The mean age was 63 years and median (IQR) CKD-EPI eGFR was 33 (24–51) ml/min per BSA. A total of 56 (40%) people developed a composite end point defined as ≥40% decline in eGFR, doubling of serum creatinine, RRT, or death over median (IQR) follow-up of 5.4 (4.7–5.7) years. Prediction of the composite end point was better with random forests trained on serum biomarkers compared with clinical variables (area under the curve of 0.81 versus 0.78). The predictive performance of biomarkers was further enhanced when considered alongside clinical variables (area under the curve of 0.83 versus 0.81 for biomarkers alone). Patients (n=27, 19%) with high soluble TNF receptor-1 (≥3 ng/ml) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (≥156 ng/ml), coupled with low complement 3a des-arginine (<2368 ng/ml), almost universally (96%) developed the composite renal and mortality end point. C-reactive protein (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.1) and complement 3a des-arginine (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4 to 0.96) independently predicted time to the composite end point.

Conclusions
Outpatients with the triad of high soluble TNF receptor-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin coupled with low complement 3a des-arginine had high adverse event rates over 5-year follow-up. Incorporation of serum biomarkers alongside clinical variables improved prediction of CKD progression and mortality. Our findings require confirmation in larger, more diverse patient cohorts.
Trabajo docente en Vaca Muerta: condiciones, sentidos y tensiones desde zonas de sacrificio
Authors: Penas Ema Paula , Laurente María José 
Published: May 2021

En la Norpatagonia argentina desde hace una década se despliega el megaproyecto de fracking Vaca Muerta. Aun cuando las profundas transformaciones territoriales atraviesan el campo educativo, la pregunta sobre qué implicancias tiene educar en estas zonas de sacrificio queda opacada frente a la hegemónica narrativa desarrollista. En base a los estudios sobre trabajo docente y políticas educativas, buscamos describir y comprender las principales condiciones, sentidos y tensiones que se manifiestan en el devenir del quehacer escolar, a partir de cómo sienten y piensan lxs docentes en este enclave petrolero de no convencionales. Desde la lógica cualitativa de la investigación es fundamental escuchar, documentar y analizar las voces de lxs docentes que realizan sus prácticas laborales en estos territorios. Los datos recogidos de entrevistas semiestructuradas se analizan a través del método comparativo constante. En virtud de los silenciamientos estratégicos, la “encerrona constante” y las múltiples tensiones que se producen en el trabajo docente en Vaca Muerta consideramos que —a tono con la dinámica del giro ecoterritorial— la construcción y la difusión de conocimientos sobre estas problemáticas son fundamentales para sensibilizar, problematizar y contribuir a los procesos de resistencia y alternativas al mal desarrollo en América Latina.
Green Corrosion Inhibitors to Head Off the Corrosion Rate of ST 37 Steels
Authors: Septiyani Arifin Devi Eka , Muliastri Destri , Rudiana Rudi , Sari Fitri Nur Indah 
Published: May 2021

The corrosions process is a natural process and cannot be hindered, but it can be protected by adding a green inhibitor. Green corrosion inhibitors are a new alternative solution for corrosion protection because they are low-cost, biodegradable, and eco-friendly inhibitors. This research was used papaya leaves dan guava leaves extract as organic inhibitor solution by Maceration Method. The concentration of these green inhibitors is 0 mL, 1 mL, 2.5 mL, 3 mL, and 3.5 mL. The type of testing method used in this research is FTIR, PDP, and weight loss. The results show that there is Tanin function groups in papaya leaves and guava leaves extract. The potentiodynamic polarization shows the value of corrosion rate without inhibitor is 0,418 mm/year. In contrast, the corrosion rate was decreased with improving the green inhibitor as many 3.5 mL. The corrosion rate was decreased until 0,00055 mm/year, and the value of efficiency is 99,868%.
Brain cell proliferation in adult rats after irradiation with nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Yamato Masanori , Tamura Yasuhisa , Tanaka Hiromasa , Ishikawa Kenji , Ikehara Yuzuru , Hori Masaru , Kataoka Yosky 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma (NEAPP) has the potential for a wide range of medical applications, including wound healing, blood coagulation, and malignant cell apoptosis. However, its effect on the mammalian central nervous system remains unclear. We studied histological changes in the cerebral cortex of adult rats, following irradiation of the brain surface with NEAPP. NEAPP irradiation made three laminar tissue structures and induced high proliferation of brain-resident immature cells as well as bone marrow-derived cells. These observations indicate that NEAPP irradiation induced rearrangement of cellular and tissue organization, including cell proliferation in the central nervous system in vivo.
Administración del poder. Y crítica al pensamiento único en las “Ciencias Administrativas”.
Authors: Contreras Ricardo 
Published: May 2021

Ante la crítica del Management como pensamiento dominante en las llamadas “Ciencias Administrativas”, falta un abordaje claro y profundo con las relaciones de poder que se da en la gestión. Las relaciones de poder en la administración tienen varias aristas que en consonancia se presentan de manera omnímoda, instrumental o en “corrientes exteriores” como fuerzas exógenas de coacción en el sistema capitalista mundial en las organizaciones. Por ello, es necesario, abordar el análisis de las relaciones de poder en la administración a un nivel superior, integrador, transdisciplinario, político, social, económico, cultural, ético y sostenible, para poder romper con la hegemonía del Management, y no quedar atrapado en el pensamiento único que él rige. El presente es un ensayo epistemológico crítico que aborda algunas aristas, ejes y tópicos de las relaciones de poder en cuanto a los temas sobre: la administración y la censura; la administración del poder y sus estructuras.
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR THE POPULATION AND BUSINESSES DURING THE PANDEMIC (THE CASE OF CHINA AND GERMANY)
Authors: Скворцова Татьяна Александровна , Рыбалко Павел Игоревич 
Published: May 2021

Предметом данной статьи является анализ зарубежного законодательства (на примере Китая и Германии) в сфере оказания государственной поддержки населению и бизнесу в период распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. В исследовании анализируются правоотношения, связанные с поддержкой бизнеса, а также предоставлением пособий по временной нетрудоспособности, пособий по безработице, защите прав работников, выплате единовременных и ежемесячных сумм семьям, имеющим детей в период пандемии.
The subject of this article is the analysis of foreign legislation (on the example of China and Germany) in the field of providing state support to the population and business during the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The study analyzes legal relations related to business support, as well as the provision of temporary disability benefits, unemployment benefits, protection of workers ' rights, payment of one-time and monthly amounts to families with children during the pandemic.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY OF A DISTILLATE FROM THE FRUITS OF CORNELIAN CHERRY
Authors: Небежев Кантемир Витальевич , Дубинина Елена Васильевна , Крикунова Людмила Николаевна , Трофимченко Владимир Александрович 
Published: May 2021

Цель работы состояла в определении оптимальных технологических режимов и способов производства дистиллята из плодов культурного и дикорастущего кизила с учетом биохимических особенностей данного вида сырья. В результате были предложены новые технические решения, позволяющие получать высококачественный дистиллят из плодов кизила с использованием регулируемых процессов мацерации, сбраживания и дистилляции.
The aim of the work was to determine the optimal technological modes and methods of distillate production from the fruits of cultivated and wild cornelian cherry fruits, taking into account the biochemical characteristics of this type of raw material. As a result, new technical solutions were proposed to produce high-quality distillate from cornelian cherry fruits using regulated maceration, fermentation and distillation processes.