bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An review for the heat transfer researches of Hypervapotron in the ITER first wall
Authors: Wang Youpeng , Dedov AV 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For the steady running of the first-wall (FW) in international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), it’s essential to introduce highly effective heatsinks which can bear high heat flux and remove it up to 30MW m-2. Hypervapotron (HV) is one of the most promising devices in which the subcooled boiling plays a significant role. In this work, notable conclusions drawn by other researchers have been summarized, like “Vapotron effect” and “appearance of vortex”. Characteristics of different HV fabrications were compared at the same time. Especially, aiming at the optimization of Hypervapotron test section for FW in ITER, a series of selected HV heat transfer experiments were analysed thoroughly, including the working fluid parameters, structures of test section, CHF test results, etc. The most reasonable and reliable design of the test sections and corresponding parameters were chosen and optimized.
Experimental determination of the pressure drop and temperature fields in the working section of the fuel assembly model with microfuel
Authors: Mirnov S V , Komov A T , Varava A N , Dedov A V , Zaharenkov A V , Smorchkova Yu V , Tupotilov I A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper describes an experimental stand and a working area on a model of fuel assembly with microfuels cooled by a single-phase coolant flow at high pressures. The experiments were carried out in a wide range of operating parameters of the coolant coolant pressure p = (2 ÷ 7) MPa; mass flow rate of the coolant Gwater
= (0.05 ÷ 0.5) kg/s. The experiments were carried out on the working area of the body, which is made of high-temperature ceramics. The results of pressure losses and temperature distribution of balls along the length and radius of the filling are obtained. It is shown that the hydraulic resistance coefficient obtained on the basis of experimental data is in good agreement with the Bogoyavlensky formula. Significant temperature stratification is observed along the radius of working section.
Plasma chemical reactions initiation in supersonic jets by a high-voltage electron beam
Authors: Zarvin A E , Khudozhitkov V E , Dubrovin K A , Kalyada V V , Yaskin A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The results of the study of processes occurring in supersonic flows of gas mixtures under the influence of high voltage electron beam are presented. The research was performed on the gas-dynamic complex of experimental installations located in the Department of Applied Physics of Novosibirsk State University. Spectral methods and molecular beam mass spectrometry were used to diagnose the processes. A significant difference in the clustered argon mass spectra was found in comparison of spectrum recorded during ionization by a quadrupole mass spectrometer own ionizer and spectrum obtained with the transport of ions formed by an electron beam in the jet through a skimmer to the mass spectrometer detector (without using an ionizer of spectrometer). The second variant of gas flow ionization presents the possibility of registering the mass spectrum of a hydrocarbon series with features indicating the occurrence of heavier hydrocarbons in the jet. The mechanism of intracluster energy exchange with the transfer of excitation initiated by electrons with subsequent intense radiation at certain wavelengths of a neutral argon atom was detected and identified.
Heat conductivity of copper-zinc catalysts used for producing methyl alcohol
Authors: Tilloeva T R , Safarov M M , Taurov E Sh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the thermal conductivity of copper-zinc catalysts in a wide range of temperature changes and various concentrations of component components, which ranged from 10 to 90%. To achieve this goal, we used a device developed on the basis of the method of monotonous heating to measure the thermal conductivity of samples depending on changes in the experimental temperature up to 400K. Based on the results obtained using the law of corresponding states, the corresponding empirical equations were derived that allow calculating the thermal conductivity of experimentally unexplored samples with an error of no more than 4%.
Results of steel 20Kh13 samples with combined hardened-structured surface erosion tests
Authors: Mednikov A F , Tkhabisimov A B , Kachalin G V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The work presents the results of erosion tests and metallographic studies of samples from blade steel 20Kh13 with diffusion coating obtained by ion nitriding and samples from nitrided steel 20Kh13 with a relief previously formed on the surface. Studies of the samples resistance to high-speed water droplet erosion were carried out using the unique hydraulic impact rig «Erosion-M» of the NRU «MPEI». It was established that the use of nitriding and nitriding with preliminary surface structuring allows increasing the relative erosion resistance in the area with a maximum wear rate of at least 2 times, and in the area with a steady wear rate of at least 3 times. It was also found that structuring the surface layer before the nitriding process allows reducing the wear rate in the area with a maximum erosion rate compared to the nitrided surface by at least 10%.
Fundamental equation of state developed on basis of Migdal’s phenomenological theory of critical point
Authors: Rykov S V , Kudryavtseva I V , Rykov V A , Sverdlov A V , Ustyuzhanin E E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work a fundamental equation of state (FEoS) with account taken of requirements of the scale theory of the critical point has been developed. The behavior of the FEOS in the asymptotic vicinity of the critical point is determined by the characteristics of the scaling function a(x) of the Helmholtz scale free energy F. The structure of the function a(x) is calculated on the basis of Migdal’s phenomenological theory and the hypothesis about the identical behavior of the isothermal compressibility coefficient at the critical and near-critical isohors near the critical point (Benedek’s hypothesis). The parameters of the singular component of the FEOS are calculated using the similarity theory. The proposed FEoS has been approved on the example of description of equilibrium properties of the refrigerating agent R1234yf in the range of state parameters: by a temperature from 220 K to 440 K and by pressure up to 40 MPa. The obtained results are discussed.
Study of the phase behavior of n-pentacosane C25H52 by optical method
Authors: Kuryakov V N , Dechabo V A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For two samples of n-pentacosane dispersions in water with different average size of the dispersed phase, the melting, crystallization and rotator phase temperatures are determined by optical method. For particles, that have a radius of 100 nm, the temperatures of phase transition correspond with the published data. For particles with a radius, that is not exceeding 50 nm, a significant undercooling of n-pentacosan drops happens.
Processing of radioactive graphite by gas-generating method
Authors: Barbin N M , Kobelev A M , Terent’ev D I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using the method of thermodynamic modeling the composition and quantity of generator gas formed during the processing of radioactive graphite in water vapor in the temperature range from 773 to 1073 K were determined. It has been established that the main components of the gas phase are CO, H2, CO2, CH4, H2O, HCl. The technological scheme and the scheme of a gas generator for the processing of radioactive graphite are developed.
Scientific-Technical and Economic Aspects For Development Of Innovative Reactor Plants For Small And Medium Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Dmitriev S M , Kurachenkov AV , Petrunin V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The scientific, engineering and production capability that has been developed in our country in the field of nuclear shipbuilding is of exceptional value. In nuclear shipbuilding technologies, a special concept of a modular reactor plant has been formed, which is characterized by an extremely small footprint required to accommodate a steam generating plant in a limited space of the reactor compartment, enhanced reliability and survivability. Based on the experience in creating and improving marine and naval reactor plants, JSC “Afrikantov OKBM” has developed a number of designs of innovative reactor plants for small-and medium-sized nuclear energy sources. The paper describes the basic scientific, technical and economic aspects of developing such innovative reactor facilities as ABV, KLT, RITM and VBER.
Comparative analysis of renewable energy integration in Germany and Russia
Authors: Kozlova Yu A , Fedotova E V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The problems and prospects of renewable energy penetration to the Russian regional energy systems are discussed. The comparative analysis of renewable technologies development was done considering Russian and Germany power systems as ones with quite similar initial conditions before the energy transition has been started. Implementation a considerable renewable generation share into a “traditional” power system seems to be perfectly technically feasible still with the state-of-the-art technologies. Substantial organizational, financial and economical efforts seem to be unavoidable. Careful preliminary planing of renewables implementation is crucial to ensure viability of the volatile renewable generation working as a part of the Russian power system.
Mechanisms of vibration damping in heat power engineering structural materials
Authors: Kul’kov V G , Sultanov M M , Chubko Yu M , Syshchikov A A , Kuryanov V N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article explores two models of internal friction in porous materials and ultrafine-grain composite materials. The high-temperature background is described by two straight sections based on the dependence of the internal friction value on the reverse temperature or frequency of vibrations.
Graph-analytical method for determining thermal loads of combined heat and power plant
Authors: Orlov M E , Dolgov M A , Mityakhin D A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The prospects of using excess steam from production bleeds-off of turbines for providing peak heating load of combined heat and power plant from peak network heaters instead of inefficient peak water-heating boilers are considered. For efficiency assessment of excess steam application the graph-analytical method is developed, the essence of which consists in construction, comparison and analysis of graphs of process heat and heating loads of combined heat and power plant dependent on the duration of heating period, determination of excess steam amount and possibility of its supply to peak network heaters, thereby reducing fuel consumption at the combined heat and power plant.
Automated design, calculation and production of plate heat exchangers for complex cycle gas turbine plants
Authors: Remchukov S S , Lepeshkin A R , Yaroslavtsev N L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The comprehensive methodology of computer-aided design and calculation of plate heat exchangers for complex cycle gas turbine plants has been developed. This method allows obtaining a heat exchanger that provides the best thermal and hydraulic characteristics within the specified limits with minimal participation of the designer. The algorithm for closely linking the design stage with the production technology, which makes it possible to obtain a set of 3D models of technological equipment necessary for the producing of a heat exchanger, has been developed. Experimental studies of the heat exchanger produced according to the proposed method showed a close convergence with the calculated data.
OPTIMIZATION OF PK-14 BOILER INSTALLATION AIR-DUCT AERODYNAMICS USING PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING
Authors: Zroychikov N A , Kaverin A A , Vasilenko A M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The operation of boiler units is often conducted with increased excess air α due to the non-uniform distribution of air between the burners, which leads to an efficiency factor lowering. This problem can be solved by optimizing the design and laying of the air ducts. Selection of the optimal air ducts design is based on the preliminary model investigations. In this paper, the issue of optimizing the air ducts aerodynamics of the PK-14 boiler is studied. The boiler air path is characterized by a significant difference in length and trace configuration for each burner. The situation is complicated by the combined combustion of natural and blast-furnace gas in the boiler furnace. Nonuniformity of air distribution between natural gas burners reaches 20% and between blast-furnace gas burners up to 40%. Thereby in order to maintain stable fuel combustion, it is necessary to increase the excess air to α ≥ 1.3. In this paper, the current and the optimized developed by the authors variant of this air duct section are investigated by the means of numerical simulation. According to the results of numerical modeling, it was found out that the optimized variant allows to achieve the degree of air distribution nonuniformity not exceeding 3% and reduce the aerodynamic drag of the air duct section by 1.6 times. In the future, verification of the numerical modeling results for the optimized variant of air duct on a physical model is assumed.
Combustion chamber development features for converted small gas turbine
Authors: Afanasov Y V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Conversion and modernization of a gas turbine engine involves solving a number of tasks, one of which is the development of a combustion chamber for operation on various gaseous fuels. The complexity of solving this problem is associated with a variety of interrelated processes occurring in the CC, which are complex and insufficiently studied. The work on the small-size gas turbine engine CC is even more complicated by the lack of a generally accepted and well-developed finishing technique typical of large gas turbine engines, which is emphasized both in domestic and foreign works. The report considers the main approaches to classifying the dimensions of combustion chambers of gas turbine engines [1] according to various criteria, namely: to the power type size (according to CIAM)Classification based on the reduced air flow through the compressor. The criteria included in the classification are analysed, in relation to the implemented designs, the most objective classification is selected for further consideration of the design of the combustion chamber of a small-sized gas turbine engine when converting it to gaseous fuel. The features and technical limitations of converting the combustion chamber from liquid to gaseous fuel are considered, which is an urgent task against the background of gasification programs of the fuel and energy complex in the Russian Federation. Attention is paid to the factors that have the greatest impact on the environmental characteristics of the converted combustion chambers.
Mathematical Model for Optimizing the Composition and operating Modes of TPP Steam Boilers according to the Environmental Safety Criterion
Authors: Ivanitckii MS , Konstantinov AA , Kuryanova EV , Sultanov MM 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the problem of optimizing the composition and operating modes of boilers of thermal power plants according to the criteria of environmental performance in accordance with the main changes made to Federal law № 219-FZ of 21.07.2014 «On amendments to the Federal law «On environmental protection» and certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation» and taking into account the new principles of environmental management of energy enterprises. It is proposed to use the minimum value of the total index of harmful combustion products, depending on the type of fuel being burned, as a criterion for the environmental safety of the gas and oil boiler. The contribution of each individual harmful component of combustion products is taken into account based on the determination of specific indicators of the harmfulness of flue gas components. The proposed approach allows us to take into account the influence of important operational and technological factors on the change in total mass emissions of substances and the formation of a total indicator of the harmfulness of flue gases, including the dynamic nature of changes in the load of TPP boilers.
Development of a system of energy technological processing of coal deposits for energy and other industries
Authors: Burakov I A , Burakov A Y , Nikitina I S , Aung H N , Ye V A , Aung K M , Anufrieva EA , Lozenko VM 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In connection with the forthcoming toughening of environmental requirements, including during the operation of energy facilities, as well as in order to more fully use the resources of the fuel and energy complex and mineral deposits in the Russian Federation, it is proposed to review the principles of developing coal deposits and preparing energy coal and other resources coal deposits for burning at thermal power plants. The main resources of coal deposits considered in this work are steam coal and mine gas, which is present in most coal deposits of the Russian Federation. The gas content of coal seams can reach 35 m3 in terms of 1 ton of dry ashless coal mass. Direct coal combustion at thermal power plants leads to the formation of a large number of emissions of substances that negatively affect the environment. The main emissions from coal flaring are fly ash and slag, toxic sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The following technologies are used to reduce the amount of these substances in the flue gases: wet and dry scrubber systems, the organization of fuel combustion, aimed at reducing toxin emissions (in particular nitrogen compounds), the use of various types of filters to clean flue gases from volatile ash and slag particles and etc. To increase the effectiveness of the fight against toxic and polluting emissions, the team of authors proposes to use solid fuel pre-processing as part of the operation of the energy technology plant together with the used cleaning systems. The type of energy technology plant, depending on the tasks to be solved within the development region, can be different. To implement the processes of energy technological processing and in the framework of reducing effluents from energy facilities, the issue of the reuse of highly mineralized, oil-contaminated and oiled wastewater from thermal power plants and highly mineralized wastewater from coal deposits, as well as the reuse of spent TPP lubricants in the plant cycle, is being considered. To increase the calorific value of the synthetic gas produced in the plant’s cycle, the issue of its joint combustion with purified mine gas produced in the coal field under development is considered. Mine gas is also cleaned in the plant cycle.
Complex of virtual works on Thermodynamics. Section «Processes of ideal gases and humid air»
Authors: Kuznetsov K I , Ponurovskaya V V , Granchenko P P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Two virtual laboratory works are presented in the developed complex: “Measurement of the heat capacity of air” and “Processes in moist air” performed in the Excel 2010 spreadsheet. The works are devoted to the study of processes in ideal gases, in particular in humid air, and are virtual analogues of physical work, on existing stands in the laboratory of technical thermodynamics of the Department of Theoretical Foundations of Heat Engineering MPEI, corresponding to the bachelor’s program in the disciplines “Thermodynamics” and “Technical Thermodynamics”. The presented material is intended to be included in the educational process in case of repair of existing laboratory stands, as well as for distance learning of students
Energy saving in municipal sewage pumping station
Authors: Razakov M , Khohlov V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are a various energy-saving measures for climate control systems in the city sewage pumping station (SPS) are considered in this paper. All consumers and sources of thermal and electric energy in SPS are classified according to various characteristics. There are the positive and negative features of thermal and electrical energy sources are considered. The differences between the set of consumers in the sewage pumping station and the pumping station of the cold water supply system of the settlement are shown by authors. There are possible sources of thermal and electric energy, as well as frequently occurring renewable sources of thermal energy for SPS. It has been shown the search results of all possible energy saving measures that can be used not only in the sewage pumping station, but also in the pumping station of the water supply system of settlements, as well as in pumping stations for reclamation needs in this article. Authors also in this work have considered a number of domestic methods for assessing the energy consumption of a building and assessing the impact of energy-saving measures on the overall energy consumption of a building because at the moment there are not unified techniques on these topics.
Investigation of the open bifunctional cathode for unitized reversible fuel cell: composition and performance
Authors: Ivanova N A , Spasov D D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) can operate both in energy generation (EG) and in hydrogen production (HP). Using URFC reduces the weight and size characteristics of the power plant compared to a stationary system with the independent fuel cell and the electrolyzer. However, its performance also reduces. In this work, we study URFC with an open cathode, which applied as the anode in HP. In this case, the air inflow to the FC cathode in EG, and oxygen outflow from the anode into the environment in HP. The investigation of the electrocatalysts composition for the bifunctional cathode is carried out. The advantages of using a mixture of Pt40/RGO (RGO – reduced graphene oxide) with Ir-black (3:1) for an open cathode of URFC are shown. The cathode composition presented above doubles the efficiency of URFC in comparison with URFC based on a mixture of Pt-black and Ir-black (2:1).
Physical properties of ceramic material obtained using the carbon residue of municipal solid waste pyrolysis
Authors: Kolibaba O B , Dolinin D A , Gusev E V , Malov A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main tendency to solve the problem of municipal solid waste in the Russian Federation is the transition from landfill to industrial processing. A promising option is the pyrolysis of solid carbon-containing waste, which allows not only to significantly reduce the amount of waste, but also to obtain alternative types of energy.
The use of products of the pyrolysis processing of municipal solid waste in the technology for the production of ceramic materials is proposed.
A new ceramic material was obtained in which the solid pyrolysis residue of a mixture of MSW of medium morphological composition was used as a structure-forming additive. The following were experimentally determined: chemical composition of the material, water absorption, mechanical strength, density, heat conductivity, heat capacity. It is recommended to use modified ceramics in the production technology of building products for various purposes.