bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithm Animation in a Three-Dimensional Shared Space for Distance Education of Information Processing
Authors: Ikei Yasushi , Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a prototype system of distance education over the Internet using a three-dimensional (3D) virtual shared space is discussed. Inside the shared space, animation of sorting algorithms is presented as part of a teaching tool for an elementary information processing course. The system is used via the Internet where an instructor and a student share 3D + 2D representations of objects’ dynamic behavior. The system features consist of automated generation of animation, 2D annotated 3D presentation within a shared browser window, and interaction support between an instructor and a student. After addressing functional design requirements for the system, the views of 3D animation and of associated source code are shown in addition to their implementations as a client server system. Finally, system evaluation regarding annotation forms, interaction support, and an execution time is discussed.
PC-Based Computer Modeling of Combustion Processes
Authors: Gmurczyk Greg W. , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Constant and significant progress in both computer hardware and numerical algorithms, in recent years, have made it possible to investigate complex phenomena in engineering systems using computer modeling and simulations. Advanced numerical simulations can be treated as an extension of traditional analytical-theoretical analyses. In such cases, some of the simplifying assumptions can usually be dropped and the nonlinear interactions between various processes can be captured. One of the most complex engineering processes encountered in industry is a combustion process utilized either for power/thrust generation or incineration. However, even nowadays, because of the high level of complexity of the general problem of a combustion process in practical systems, it is not currently possible to simulate directly all the length and time scales of interest.
Simplifying assumptions still need to be made, but they can be less drastic than in analytical approaches. Therefore, another view of numerical simulations is as a tool to simulate idealized systems and conduct numerical experiments. Such numerical experiments can be complementary to laboratory experiments and can also provide more detailed, nonintrusive diagnostics. Therefore, simulations, along with theory and laboratory experiments, can provide a more complete picture and better understanding of a combustion process.
As an example of computer modeling of industrial combustion systems, an enclosed spray flame was considered. Such a flame can frequently be encountered in power generation units, turbine engines, and incinerators. Both the physical and mathematical models were formulated based on data from earlier laboratory studies and results obtained for open air spray flames. The purpose of this study was to use those data as model input to predict the characteristics of a confined flame and provide a means of optimizing the system design with a PC computer.
Combustion Process in Perforated Porous Mat Flow in a Turbine Combustor
Authors: Amano R. S. , Singh S. N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An efficient combustion system is needed in a gas turbine combustor. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of varying upstream flow parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles on the surface of a selectively perforated porous mat. To achieve this objective a three-dimensional computational model was developed by using higher-order turbulence models. For the computations of reacting flows, the PDF model was employed. This model involves the solution of transport equations for a single conserved scalar (the mixture fraction). Therefore, transport equations for individual equations are not solved. Instead, individual component concentrations for the species are derived from the predicted mixture fraction distribution. Computations obtained through this research show quite reasonable results and presented in this paper.
Burning Rates of Typical Items in Fires
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Jin , Lilley David G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Heat release rates of typical items in fires are needed as a prerequisite for estimating fire growth and temperatures in structural fires. That is, these burning rates are required to be specified by the user as input to single-room and multi-room structural fire computer codes like FPETool, FASTLife and HAZARD. Data are given here that permit burning items to be specified in a useful modeled way, taking a t2-fire for the growth and decay periods, with a constant maximum heat release rate between these two periods.
Decision Making in Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Doraiswamy Srikanth , Krishnamurty Sundar , Grosse Ian R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the absence of analytical expressions for design performance parameters, designers must often resort to either statistical or computer-based numerical techniques for performance estimation. Computer-based techniques without adequate assumptions are often very expensive and thus are infeasible for a complex design. Statistical response surface methods are cheaper, but they have poor accuracy for complex design configurations. Moreover, an initial set of data points are needed for the response surface methodology, which can only be obtained by computer-based techniques or real world data. Finally, the selection of an appropriate model to evaluate a design should be based on designer’s preferences. This paper addresses these issues through the development of a decision based modeling methodology that effectively unites the numerical and statistical approaches. In this work, concepts from decision analysis are employed to deal with trade-offs between modeling attributes from a maximum expected utility perspective to identify “overall best” finite element models based on performance attributes such as analysis accuracy, computational cost and model resolution. Its utilization in a design setup is illustrated with the aid of a windshield wiper case study for selecting the best overall finite element analysis model.
A Versatile PC-Based Method for the Processing of the Large Matrices
Authors: Oanta Emil M. , Nicolescu Bogdan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the paper we present a general solution for handling the large matrices. This solution is general because of the wide use of the matrix based approach in problems concerning numerical methods, experimental mechanics, computational mechanics, CFD, computer aided design, economical problems, etc.
Some of the major advantages of this solution are:
1. lack of requirements regarding the use of some high-performance computers, the constraints being connected to the size of the hard-disk (at present increasing and being cheaper);
2. Windows operating system may be used but it is not absolutely necessary;
3. it represents an interface between the programming languages;
4. it can easily be used for development of multi-language software applications;
5. applicability in all the domains which use, at the logical level, ‘matrices’ (mathematics, engineering, economics);
6. there are no constraints regarding the use of ‘classic’ solutions techniques;
7. it is easy to implement in software applications already written;
8. data type used as interface may easily be modified in order to be adapted in an optimum way to the current application to be developed.
By the use of this solution we solved a series of computer problems and ‘dedicated’ applications in some areas like: Mathematics, Experimental Mechanics, Computational Mechanics, Physics, etc.
Associative Transformation of Query Words for Case Retrieval System Based on Neural Network
Authors: Nagasawa Shigeru , Fukuzawa Yasushi , Miyata Yasunori , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Sakuta Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with intelligent case retrieval system for finite element analysis (FEA) and with a methodology of case learning for query module. Through the development of case database on the FEA input model and of retrieval engine, the associative transformation between query words and regularized code options have been investigated and derived from case learning with the hierarchical neural network model, for the purpose of pertinent indexing to case files. Using the teaching patterns, produced by empirical filtering, actual query menus based on the option space could be constructed.
Teaching Global and Modular Kinematics With a Hypermedia Support
Authors: Galletti Carlo , Giannotti Elena 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we outline the two alternatives we faced in implementing a hypermedia-based educational software for analyzing planar mechanisms by both global and modular approaches. Our software uses a “spatial” information allocation, which is consistent with the physical nature of the problems involved in mechanism simulation, and which follows the paradigm of object-oriented programming. The hypermedia material developed and furnished to students allows them to explore, to carry out individual experiments, to work out projects, and to draw up reports concerning kinematic analysis of linkages.
A Remote Home Automation System Based on Client/Server Architecture of Internet and VRML With Java
Authors: Cha Joo-Heon , Lee Soon-Geul , Jeoun Hee Yeoun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent development of computer and communication technology of Internet now enables more sophisticated system. This research presents new type of remote home automation system that can perform efficient bi-directional management of appliances and security/safety systems at home through Internet. Three-dimensional graphic user interfaces based on virtual reality technology were used to make remote users feel reality. User feels like being at his home and also gets present state of control objects at home with usual web-browser. This system has client and server architect to obtain efficient bi-directional management and uses Java and VRML for information handling. In this paper, the internet-based remote control system was proposed and proved validity by being applied to home automation system.
JAVA™-Based Design Calculator for Integral Snap-Fits
Authors: Oh Jung S. , Lewis Dean Q. , Lee Daeyong , Gabriele Gary A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many different types of snap-fits have been developed to replace conventional fasteners, and research efforts have been made to characterize their performance. It is often tedious to look for design equations for unique types of snap-fits to calculate the insertion and retention forces. If found, these equations tend to be long, complex, and difficult to use. For this reason, a snap-fit calculator has been created to help in designing integral attachment features.
Studies of seven most commonly used snap-fits (annular snap, bayonet-and-finger, cantilever hook, cantilever-hole, compressive hook, L-shaped hook, and U-shaped, hook) were used to provide the equations implemented in this snap-fit calculator, more fasteners than any other snap-fit calculator available. This tool aids in designing snap-fits to meet specific loading requirements by allowing the designer to size the feature to obtain desired estimates for maximum insertion and retention forces.
The software for this design tool was written in JAVA™ language that is independent of operating system platforms and can be distributed at a company site-wide over an intranet or worldwide over the Internet. This makes it easily accessible to a user, and universal upgrades can be achieved by simply updating the software at the server location. Designers will find this tool to be useful in the design process and the most convenient way to estimate the performance of snap-fits. This paper describes the development and operation of the IFP snap-fit calculator including several case studies comparing the calculated results to experimental data.
Online Design and Price Quotations for Complex Product Assemblies: The Case of Overhead Cranes
Authors: Veeramani Raj , Mehendale Tushar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Several companies, particularly in the retail industry, have successfully employed E–Commerce for promoting and selling of their standard, catalog products over the Internet. However, the majority of manufacturing companies deal with modified–standard and custom products, not standard, catalog products. In this paper, we describe how even manufacturers of complex product assemblies can take advantage of E–Commerce technologies for online design, configuration and price quotation in real–time, based on customer specified product requirements. We illustrate a prototype system in the context of an overhead crane manufacturer.
A Strategy for Extending the House of Quality to Obtain Preliminary Design Specifications
Authors: Brackin Patricia , Colton Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper details a strategy for quantifying the House of Quality to produce preliminary design specifications. Estimation modules replace the traditional symbols in the HoQ. Genetic algorithms are used to produce and rate candidate preliminary design specifications. A test case from the automotive industry is implemented in order to test the effectiveness of the strategy. Results from the test case indicate that the strategy produces preliminary design specifications that are reasonable and consistent.
The Technology of Components in Feature-Based Design and Process Planning
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Wysk Richard A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In current feature-based design and process planning research, two major problems are application system development mode and product information description. Particularly, with our current development mode, programs from other researchers cannot be reused, each researcher has to redevelop a set of new feature-application code almost built-from-scratch to create features and/or produce process planning.... As a result, though we have developed countless features-application programs, the problem about integrating CAD and CAM application is still largely unsolved. From the viewpoint of the technology of components (that is a new, powerful software development technology), we seem to be wasting large amount of time to do a repetitive and ineffective work that is orders of magnitude greater than we should do.
By solving several key obstacles that obstruct us from developing the small, reusable components in advanced CAD/CAM fields, the paper creatively introduces into advanced CAD/ CAM fields the brand new, powerful component technology that has never been explored in the fields. And the paper gives a concrete example (MFIC) in the machinable feature application fields to demonstrate how to apply the technology in a specific field. The framework in the paper is the first component framework for advanced CAD/CAM applications. Because the technology of components provides developers with more reusability, extensibility, reliability and compatibility, so it has been universally accepted as the future software development technology by the entire software world. We believe the component technology is the future software development technology in advanced CAD/CAM fields too, and the component framework will change the development mode of advanced CAD/CAM applications, just like the interchangeability completely changes the manufacturing mode in mechanical industry.
Determination of Mold Parting Direction Based on Automatic Molding Feature Recognition
Authors: Gu Zhengchao , Zhou Zhenyong , Gao Shuming , Shi Jiaoying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mold parting direction is an important factor to verify the moldability of a molded part. The determination of mold parting direction is the first step to achieve automatic design of an injection mold or a casting die. A method using automatic feature recognition is proposed in this paper to automatically determine parting direction of an injection mold. Parting direction determination of a molded part consists of three steps in our approach. First, all features of a molded part are recognized using a universal hint-based feature recognition algorithm, and all candidate and feasible parting directions of each feature are determined according to the type of the feature. Then, all candidate parting directions of the molded part are automatically generated from all recognized features candidate parting directions. The optimal parting direction is finally chosen based on certain criteria. The case studies on several industrial parts show that the proposed method is effective and efficient in determining the optimal parting direction of injection molded parts.
Case Studies to Understand the Relations Among Function, Form and Manufacturing Process for Integration of Process Planning Into Early Design Stage
Authors: Kim Yong Se , Feng Shaw C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Design and manufacturing integration at the early design stage in product development, that is, the integration of conceptual design and conceptual process planning, may make a big impact. Thus the development of systematic computer-based support for this integration is desirable. To select and evaluate manufacturing processes, some aspects of form information is necessary. Thus when only the functionally critical forms have been determined from major functional requirements, synthesis of the configuration shape in a generic form would enable early assessment of manufacturing, processes. As a stepping stone toward the development of the configuration shape synthesis and process selection, case studies have been conducted using real world industrial parts. In this paper, we present the case studies using a planet carrier and a gear box housing, and discuss the issues in development of the shape synthesis and process selection method to support the design and process planning integration.
The Trebuchet: Accuracy Analysis of a Medieval Siege Engine
Authors: Rhoten Ronald P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Throughout history there have been a variety of accuracy measures applied to the act of throwing, hurling, launching and/or firing of objects. These include string measure, mean radius, extreme spread, closest to center, probability of hit and score.
There are two objectives of the present contribution. The first is expository in nature, to describe the use and relative merits of these measures. Historical data will be examined to estimate the accuracies of such weapons as the trebuchet (a technologically advanced form of a catapult), longbow, smooth bore rifle, “Kentucky” muzzleloading rifle, early breech loading rifle and turn of the century schuetzen rifle. Data related to modern military and sporting firearms will also be discussed.
The second objective is to illustrate the use of such measures by evaluating actual data from firings of a scale model of a trebuchet. The model was designed using computer simulations and optimization techniques developed by others.
Abstract Prototyping of Design Support Tools: Methodology and Preliminary Results
Authors: Opiyo Eliab Z. , Horváth Imre , Vergeest Joris S. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the problem of pre-implementation testing of design support tools. Typical research in development of design support tools involves a lot of tests that are customarily carried out on partially or fully implemented prototypes. It often requires longer time for tests to be performed and the approach is generally expensive. Our work has resulted in creation of a novel pre-implementation evaluation technique that has been named abstract prototyping. This technique can be used in evaluation of design support tools and methods at various stages of their development. It ensures elicitation of requirements would warrant development of acceptable tools and methods at minimum costs and at a shorter time. In this paper, we present the abstract prototyping technique. We describe the abstract prototyping methodology and outline the initial work on development of the abstract prototyping tool. We also present a practical example on the application of the abstract prototyping methodology in evaluation of new computer based methods prior to their implementation.
Towards a Better Understanding of Modeling Feasibility Robustness in Engineering Design
Authors: Du Xiaoping , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In robust design, it is important not only to achieve robust design objectives but also to maintain the robustness of design feasibility under the effect of variations (or uncertainties). However, the evaluation of feasibility robustness is often a computationally intensive process. Simplified approaches in existing robust design applications may lead to either over-conservative or infeasible design solutions. In this paper, several feasibility-modeling techniques for robust optimization are examined. These methods are classified into two categories: methods that require probability and statistical analyses (i.e., the probabilistic feasibility formulation and the moment matching method) and methods do not require probability and statistical analyses (i.e., the worst case analysis, the corner space evaluation, and the variation pattern method). Using illustrative examples, the effectiveness of each method is compared in terms of its efficiency and accuracy. Constructive recommendations are made to employ different techniques for modeling feasibility robustness under different circumstances. Under the framework of probabilistic robust optimization, we propose to use a most probable point (MPP) based importance sampling method, a method rooted in the field of reliability analysis, for evaluating the feasibility robustness. The advantages of this approach are discussed. Though our discussions are centered on robust design, the principles presented are also applicable for general probabilistic optimization problems. The practical significance of this work also lies in the development of efficient feasibility evaluation methods that can support quality engineering practice, such as the Six Sigma approach that is being widely used in American industry.
Measures of Complexity in Design
Authors: El-Haik Basem , Yang Kai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The introduction of axiomatic design approach contributed to the advancement of design practices by directing research toward useful arenas. One of these arenas is concerned with elimination/minimization of vulnerabilities that are established in entity as a result of violation of design axioms. One major vulnerability is complexity which can be addressed in the context of the Information Axiom. In this paper, we identified three components of design complexity: coupling, variability, and correlation. We used information measures as complexity measures and derived mathematical relationships that quantify these components within the context of the axiomatic design approach.
A Virtual Bumper Test Laboratory for FMVR 581
Authors: Mase Tom , Wang J. T. , Mayer Robert , Bonello Kenneth , Pachón Larry 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A virtual, computer-aided test laboratory was developed to simulate Federal Motor Vehicle Regulation (FMVR) No. 581, governing low speed bumper collisions. Required input for the virtual laboratory is an LS-DYNA keyword file containing bumper geometry (nodes and elements), constraints, and material properties. The virtual test laboratory reads the bumper model file and creates all pendulums and rigid barrier in position for computational efficiency. Several FORTRAN files were written to execute the pendulum and barrier placement. A command shell script was written to run the FORTRAN code and LS-DYNA simulations. An example using a simple front bumper is presented demonstrating use of this virtual laboratory.