bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Assessment of the Health Systems Factors Influencing the Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy Using Intermittent Preventive Treatment and Insecticide Treated Nets in Ghana
Authors: De-Gaulle Virtue Fiawokome , Kamgno Joseph , Orish Verner Ndudiri , Kotoh Agnes , Mbacham Wilfred , Tagbor Harry , Magnussen Pascal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Ghana has adopted and implemented Intermittent Preventive Treatment using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) and Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in an antenatal care (ANC) context to prevent malaria among pregnant women. However, the increased ANC attendance, and its frequency facilitated by a free maternal health care policy in Ghana does not correspond with the uptake of IPTp-SP and ITN use among pregnant women. This study sought to identify the health system factors affecting the delivery of IPTp-SP and ITN to prevent malaria among pregnant women in Ghana. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted across four levels of the health system, that is health facilities, district and regional health directorates and the national level, National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). Audio recorded key informant interviews were conducted with purposively sampled health workers and managers across the various levels, after which they were transcribed and imported to NVivo for analysis. Using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Health Systems Framework as the theoretical basis, thematic analysis was conducted under broad themes of the building blocks. Findings are presented in narrative quotes, with a MindMap used to summarize the various health system factors and their interrelated relationship influencing the delivery of IPTp-SP and ITN.Results: Health system factors identified included health staff untrained on malaria delivery directives due to an ineffective trainer of trainer (ToT) system. Additionally, health worker confusion on when to commence SP (at quickening or ≥16 weeks) was found to result in delayed start of SP. Stock outs in facilities due to procurement delays at the national level resulted in missed opportunities to deliver SP to eligible pregnant women at the ANC. Similarly, ITN stock outs led to eligible pregnant women not receiving one at ANC clinics. Conclusion: Poor health worker knowledge on policy directives, a consequence of ineffective training strategy led to delayed delivery of IPTp-SP to eligible pregnant women. Supply chain management challenges related to stock of SP and ITN resulted in missed opportunities to deliver the interventions to pregnant women attending ANC.
Evidence of Plant-Soil Feedback in South Texas Grasslands Associated with Invasive Guinea Grass Independent of Soil Inoculation Method
Authors: Bowman Elizabeth A , Plowes Robert M. , Gilbert Lawrence E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Plant-soil feedback plays a strong role in plant community composition, but the effect of invasive Guinea grass, Megathyrsus maximus, on these processes remains unexplored. Here, we aim to provide a first look at plant-soil feedback (PSF) process in South Texas savannahs currently undergoing invasion by Guinea grass. Our two main questions are (1) how does the presence of the invasive M. maximus alter PSF compared to non-invaded grasslands and (2) are these results robust to inoculation method. Methods: Under greenhouse conditions, we assessed growth of Guinea grass and response of the native seed bank in soil collected from grasslands invaded by Guinea grass and native grasslands using two methods of soil inoculation: individual and pooled soil samples.Results: Guinea grass grown in soil from invaded grasslands grew taller and accumulated higher biomass than in soil from non-invaded grasslands. Plants grown from the native seed bank were more species rich and abundant in soil from non-invaded grasslands but had higher biomass in soil from invaded grasslands. Overall, these results were robust to differences in inoculation method.Conclusion: In South Texas savannahs, presence of Guinea grass is associated with changes in the direction of plant-soil feedback processes with negative feedback processes possibly contributing to species coexistence in non-invaded native grasslands while positive feedback processes appear to reinforce invasion by Guinea grass. Future work is needed to assign causality of these changes to Guinea grass itself and further explore the role plant-soil feedback has in Guinea grass invasion.
WITHDRAWN: Prognostic significance of circulating lymphocyte subsets in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Shen De-song , Yan Chang , Liang Yu , Chen Kai-hua , Zhu Xiao-dong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of circulating lymphocyte subsets in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) before treatment and the impact of chemoradiotherapy on lymphocyte subsets.
Methods
934 patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. The percentage of circulating lymphocyte subsets was detected by flow cytometry and analyzed retrospectively. The correlation between lymphocyte subsets and prognosis was evaluated by the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model, and the differences of lymphocyte subsets before and after chemoradiotherapy was comparing by the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results
Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that high CD19+ B lymphocytes (HR 0.705, 95%CI 0.519–0.958, P = 0.026) and CD4+ T lymphocytes (HR 0.560, 95%CI 0.331–0.946, P = 0.030) before treatment were independent favorable prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in NPC patients, respectively. After chemoradiotherapy, the percentage of CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio and CD19+ B lymphocytes decreased significantly, while the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK lymphocytes increased significantly.
Conclusion
Patients with high CD19+B lymphocytes and CD4+T lymphocytes have a better prognosis, and perhaps the immune response can be improved to make the prognosis better by increasing the number of lymphocyte subsets. Chemoradiotherapy may reduce the immune function of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Schottky diode temperature sensor for pressure sensor
Authors: Basov Mikhail 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The small silicon chip of Schottky diode (0.8x0.8x0.4 mm3) with planar arrangement of electrodes (chip PSD) as temperature sensor, which functions under the operating conditions of pressure sensor, was developed. The forward I-V characteristic of chip PSD is determined by potential barrier between Mo and n-Si (ND = 3 × 1015 cm-3). Forward voltage UF = 208 ± 6 mV and temperature coefficient TC = -1.635 ± 0.015 mV/⁰C (with linearity kT <0.4% for temperature range of -65 to +85 ⁰C) at supply current IF = 1 mA is achieved. The reverse I-V characteristic has high breakdown voltage UBR > 85 V and low leakage current IL < 5 μA at 25 ⁰C and IL < 130 μA at 85 ⁰C (UR = 20 V) because chip PSD contains the structure of two p-type guard rings along the anode perimeter. The application of PSD chip for wider temperature range from -65 to +115 ⁰C is proved. The separate chip PSD of temperature sensor located at a distance of less than 1.5 mm from the pressure sensor chip. The PSD chip transmits input data for temperature compensation of pressure sensor errors by ASIC and for direct temperature measurement.
Study on Transport of Molecules in Gel by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Kumar Samir , Taiga Taneichi , Namura Kyoto , Fukuoka Takao , Suzuki Motofumi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based biosensors have recently been extensively developed because of their high sensitivity and non-destructive nature. Conventional SERS substrates are unsuitable for detecting biomolecules directly from human skin. As a result, significant effort is being put into developing a gel-type SERS sensor that can segregate and detect biomolecules due to differences in molecular transport phenomena in the gel. However, no comprehensive research studies on the transport processes of molecules in gels in gel-type SERS sensors have been reported. This paper reports the differences in the transport phenomena of different molecules based on the time change of SERS spectrum intensity. The Au nanorod array substrate was coated with HEC gel to prepare a sample cell to study diffusion. The SERS spectra of aqueous solutions of 9 types of molecules were measured using the prepared sample cells. The rate at which each molecule diffuses into the gel differs depending on the molecule. The time variation of the characteristic SERS peak of each molecule was investigated based on a one-dimensional diffusion model, and the diffusion coefficient D was calculated for each molecule. A comparative study was conducted on the relationship between the diffusion coefficient and the molecular weight and molecular size, and it was found that the larger the molecular weight and molecular size, the slower the diffusion, which is based on the molecular motion theory and the inhibitory effect of the gel substance.
Primary Bone Xanthoma: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Parul , Naidu Raji Tejas , Chaturvedi Uma , Cherian Susan 
Published: July 2021

Xanthoma of bone is a rare disorder of bone which occurs due to cholesterol deposits in the bone. Clinically the patients usually present with pain or fracture of the affected bone. Radiologically it presents as a lytic lesion, often with cortical expansion or disruption. Xanthoma of bone is usually associated with hyperlipidemia but rare cases of non- hyperlipidemia xanthoma are also reported, termed as primary bone xanthoma. Here we present a rare case of a 46-year-old male who presented with pain and swelling in the right middle finger. X ray showed lytic lesion in the proximal phalanx of right middle finger. Laboratory tests showed normal lipid profile. Bone biopsy and histological examination is necessary for diagnosis and to differentiate it from Rosai–Dorfman disease, Langerhans cell histiocytosis and fibrous/post traumatic dysplasia, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, or metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A diagnosis of primary bone xanthoma was made based on histology and immunohistochemistry. The fracture was treated surgically. The case report emphasises the role of histology in diagnosis of this rare clinical entity.
Bacteria Contamination and Distribution in Patient Care Environment at Mbagathi Hospital Surgical and New-born Units
Authors: Magori Enock Ongeri , Kang’ethe Stanley Kamwati , Muna Kennedy Kuria , Revathi Gunturu , Omuse Geoffrey 
Published: July 2021

Background: Hospital environment can serve as an important reservoir and thus a critical element in the transmission of bacterial infections especially in critical care settings such as Surgical and new-born units. Contact with contaminated surfaces may lead to Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among healthcare workers, visitors and patients. Further, HAIs may contribute to the spread of drug-resistant bacterial infections. This study sought to determine bacteriological characteristics and distribution in patient care environmental surfaces (Surgical and new-born units) at Mbagathi hospital Nairobi Kenya.
Methods: A total of 700 samples were obtained from different surfaces: beds, bedside tables, sink taps handle, door handles, nursery incubators, paediatric weighing scale and new-born resuscitation machine by means of repeated screens over a period of three months. Microbiological isolation and identification were done by following standard laboratory methods established at Aga Khan University Hospital. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by using Vitek 2 system.
Result: Five bacterial genera were isolated, S. Aureus was 3% (19/700), E. coli 0.9% (6/700), Acinetobacter species was 1.4% (10/700), Pseudomonas species 0.1% (1/700) and coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS)13.0% (88/700). Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Benzylpenicillin were the most resistant antimicrobial agents while Oxacillin, Cefoxitin, Levofloxacin, Linezolid was most sensitive.
Conclusion: All S. aureus were methicillin sensitive (MSSA). Patient beds surfaces were the most contaminated among the selected items while the nursery incubator was the least contaminated.
Households' reluctance to collect potable water from improved sources, Ethiopia
Authors: Addisie Meseret B. , Gelaye Tesfaye Y. , Teshome Wondie M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Water resources development and management are central to economic growth and poverty reduction. Despite considerable efforts, many households still rely on unimproved water sources. This research aimed to understand the reasons behind household reluctance to collect potable water from improved sources in urban and rural settings. Sixteen water points were selected purposively and a household survey conducted on the selected improved water source users. The result shows that in the urban areas people were satisfied with the water services provided. However, the poor could not afford the high cost of water and households sought unprotected alternative sources. Seventy-seven per cent of the urban and 65% of the rural households collect water from unimproved sources. Family size was the determinant factor for household water consumption from improved sources. Reliability, queuing time, high quality, and distance were associated with households' reluctance to collect potable water from improved sources. In conclusion, households' dependency on unprotected sources had a direct impact on the sustainability of schemes. Social factors are also fundamental when thinking about the sustainability of schemes.
O olhar dos formadores acerca do trabalho realizado nas instituições de educação infantil
Authors: Fernandes Juliana Gonçalves Diniz 
Published: July 2021

Apesar da atual legislação alocar a Creche como uma etapa inicial do sistema educacional brasileiro, esta instituição ainda é representada socialmente como um espaço voltado ao atendimento das necessidades da mãe trabalhadora, no qual as atividades desenvolvidas estão associados à maternagem e à puericultura. Considerando que estes profissionais devem buscar sua formação junto aos cursos de magistério e pedagogia, estudamos, através de entrevistas abertas feitas com seis professoras de cursos de magistério e pedagogia, qual a compreensão que estas formadoras têm a respeito do trabalho do educador de creche. A análise das falas das formadoras foi feita a parir de categorias: concepção e idealização de creche; concepção e idealização de educador de creche; contribuições dos cursos de magistério e pedagogia para a formação dos educadores de creche; relações creche e famílias.

Abstract:
Despite the current legislation allocates the “Creche” (daycare, day nursery) as an initial stage of the Brazilian educational system, the institution is still socially represented as a place dedicated to the needs of the working mother, in which the activities carried out are associated with the motherhood and childcare. Whereas these professionals must seek their training in the courses of “magistério” and teaching pedagogy, we carried out this survey through open interviews made with six teachers of “magistério” and teaching pedagogy courses, by asking their understanding of the work of the daycare educator. The analysis of the discourse was made by the following categories: concept and idealization of daycare; concept and idealization of educator, nursery; contributions of “magistério” and teaching pedagogy courses for daycare educators, daycare; relationship between day nursery and families.
Martin buber: uma alternativa para se pensar as inter-relações no cotidiano escolar
Authors: Arruda Márcia R. M.Ferraz , Badia Denis Domeneghetti 
Published: July 2021

Nesta comunicação procuramos mostrar a propriedade das idéias de Martin Buber, na obra Eu e Tu (2001), para se pensar as inter-relações na escola. Em termos antropológicos, no cotidiano escolar se configuram, simultaneamente, cultura organizacional e a cultura de grupos, segundo Edgar Morin (1984) e Michel Maffesoli (1998). Buscamos na “filosofia do encontro” uma reflexão sobre as relações inter-subjetivas produzidas pelos sujeitos no cotidiano escolar. São relações que efetivam a comunicação, definida por Buber como um encontro, no qual se dá a complementaridade e reciprocidade das ações entre o Eu-Tu, o dialógico, em detrimento à experiência de contato proporcionada no Eu-Isso, o monológico. A questão a ser iluminada diz respeito ao fato de que, por meio da “filosofia do encontro”, talvez possamos encontrar suportes teóricos consistentes para repensarmos as relações produzidas pelos sujeitos no âmbito escolar, o que evidencia o caráter “ontológico” de uma questão crucial na escola: ensino-aprendizagem.

Abstract:
This paper will attempt to point out relevance of the ideas of Martin Buber, in the work “I and Thou” (2001), to think the interrelations in school. In anthropological terms, in the school daily life both organizational culture and the culture of groups are established, according Edgar Morin (1984) and Michel Maffesoli (1998). We searched on the “Philosophy of the Meeting" a reflection on the inter-subjective relations produced by the subjects in the everyday life school. They are relations that implement the communication, defined by Buber as an encounter, which gave the complementarity and reciprocity of actions between the “I-Thou”, the dialogical, to the detriment of the experience of contact provided in the “I-That”, the monological. The issue to be enlightened relates to the fact that, through the "philosophy of the meeting," perhaps we can find consistent theoretical support in order to rethink relations produced by subjects within the school, which shows the "ontological" character of a crucial issue in school: teaching-learning.
Investigación y práctica educativa: las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y los perfiles de innovación en los centros escolares
Authors: Rumayor Laura Rayón 
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo presentamos el proceso y una síntesis de los resultados de progreso de un trabajo de investigación iniciado el curso académico 2005/06 en dos centros escolares de educación infantil y primaria en la provincia de Guadalajara. Dicho 2
trabajo se enmarca dentro de la investigación centrada en la escuela, en el que la colaboración entre agentes internos y agentes externos ha conformado un proceso de indagación compartido. En esta primera fase hemos orientado nuestro trabajo a comprender la entidad innovadora de las prácticas de uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en ambos centros. Pretendemos extraer casos y patrones comunes de calidad para el diseño de una guía de innovación que facilite el debate, las iniciativas y la toma de decisiones institucionales en relación con la integración de las tecnologías de la información en el currículo.
Aprendizaje paragmático y la enseñanza
Authors: Húaquín Mora Víctor Roberto 
Published: July 2021

El aprendizaje paradigmático, primer objetivo de este trabajo, es producto del pensamiento paradigmático, el cual, se caracteriza por usar, predominantemente, el pensamiento analógico. Basado en el desarrollo cognitivo de J. Piaget, el pensamiento paradigmático se postula como una quinta etapa del desarrollo cognitivo que agrega construcciones paradigmáticas basadas en el pensamiento lógico y analógico conjugado. El aprendizaje paradigmático, al basarse en el pensamiento paradigmático, surge con las prelaciones propias de cada etapa agregando el modo analógico de manifestarse llegando a su máxima expresión en la quinta etapa. El aprendizaje paradigmático progresa de construcciones simples a complejas y la enseñanza tiene que adecuarse a las prelaciones dictadas por nuestro desarrollo cognitivo. El segundo objetivo de este trabajo se caracteriza por mostrar las formas posibles de enseñanza en cada etapa del desarrollo cognitivo, partiendo por la segunda etapa de Piaget y terminando en la quinta postulada aquí. Lo común para alumnos y profesores, incluso, en la educación terciara es que se manejen conforme a su propio desarrollo cognitivo que, por lo general, no llega más allá de la cuarta etapa en la que se está en condiciones de aprender cualquier paradigma. Algunos pocos individuos llegan a la quinta etapa del desarrollo cognitivo o etapa del pensamiento paradigmático, lo que los induce a poner en tela de juicio los paradigmas de la cultura de su tiempo y generar otros nuevos que comúnmente se resuelven en un avance del desarrollo humano.
Promoção e prevenção de Saúde do Adolescente na Atenção Primária: Implantação do Projeto - AgosTEEN
Authors: Braga Scarllet Figueira , Gonçalves Sebastião Jorge da Cunha , Silva Thiago Augusto Soares Monteiro da , Carreiro Mônica de Almeida , Alves Manoela , Santos Margarida Maria Donato dos 
Published: July 2021

A pesquisa a seguir trata-se de um estudo qualitativo descritivo, focado na atenção primária a saúde dos adolescentes do município de Vassouras. Com o objetivo de identificar e refinar a qualidade de assistência dos profissionais da área da saúde. A pesquisa contou com a utilização de um questionário para delimitar as fragilidades existentes na equipe profissional do nosso município. Visto a demanda, será proposto a implementação de um projeto onde inicialmente está empenhado na capacitação dos profissionais da rede básica e posteriormente a execução do projeto vigente. Com a conclusão do presente estudo, avaliou-se o atendimento e as ações ofertadas ao público adolescente, e quais as fragilidades que podemos identificar no Sistema Único de Saúde e que podem estar vindo a degradar a promoção e prevenção de saúde dos mesmos.
Palavras-Chave: Adolescente; Enfermagem; Promoção da Saúde; Prevenção.
A Importância da Espiritualidade como construtora do processo de Individuação
Authors: Santos Michelle Steiner dos , Alencar Lucileide Leila Tavares Vale , Jesuino Filipe de Menezes , Silva Arnislane Nogueira 
Published: July 2021

Considerando a espiritualidade como importante componente da constituição psicológica dos seres humanos, sendo estudada em vários contextos e por vários pesquisadores, este trabalho investigou possíveis relações da espiritualidade com a saúde, embasando-se na Psicologia Analítica para leitura do fenômeno. O método utilizado na investigação foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e análise teórica de literatura junguiana e não junguiana relacionada à temática. Compreende-se espiritualidade como uma busca pessoal pelo sentido da vida, podendo estar relacionada ao sagrado e ao transcendente. Religião é entendida como um conjunto organizado de crenças, ritos e símbolos que podem ou não promover o contato com o sagrado e o transcendente. Jung não se refere explicitamente ao termo espiritualidade, mas este aparece imbricado em sua obra, especialmente quando ele discorre sobre religião e confissão. Por fim, aborda-se a necessidade de se estudar e discutir a espiritualidade na graduação em psicologia e considerá-la pertinente ao processo psicoterapêutico, sem a adoção de uma postura negligente sobre o fenômeno espiritualidade e processo de individuação.
Palavras-Chave: Espiritualidade; Individuação; Psicologia Analítica.