bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The response of China’s wetland vegetation to climate changes
Authors: Yan Xin , Wang Rui , Niu Zhenguo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Wetland vegetation dynamics are of vital importance for comprehending changes in ecosystem structure. Under the background of global climate change, it is still unclear the change trends of wetland vegetation in China, and whether there are differences between the response of wetland vegetation and non-wetland vegetation to climate change. Based on Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) NDVI3g, NOAA Vegetation Health Products (VHP) and climate data, this study explored the response of wetland vegetation to climate change in China from 1981 to 2015. The results show that: 1) NDVI of wetland vegetation in China shows a downward trend on the whole after the year of 2004. 2) In water-limited zones, wetland vegetation NDVI is positive correlated with precipitation; while in temperature-limited zones, it is positive correlated with temperature. 3) El Nino and La Nina may affect wetland vegetation NDVI. The greater impact of La Nina phenomenon than El Nino phenomenon is the possible reason for the upward trend of wetland vegetation NDVI, while the greater impact of El Nino phenomenon than La Nina phenomenon may be the reason for the downward trend of NDVI. 4) The response of wetland vegetation and non-wetland vegetation to climate change is significantly different. Non-wetland vegetation responds more significantly to climate change than wetland vegetation.
Impacts of Mild and Moderate Acute Hypoxia on Visual Contrast Sensitivity
Authors: Yan Weiming , Zhao Guanhua , Long Pan , Chen Meizhu , Zhang Zuoming , Chen Tao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Acute hypoxia could hamper the visual performance during the aviation. In the study, we aimed to investigate the effects of acute hypoxia on the contrast sensitivity (CS) and the color contrast sensitivity (CCS).Methos: 12 healthy volunteers (aged 20-22 years old) were selected for CS and CCS examination at altitude of 300m, 3000m and 4500m by applying the hypobaric cabin to simulate acute hypoxia (3000m in height = mild hypoxia; 4500m = moderate hypoxia). All data were collected after the heart rate and the blood oxygen saturation became stable, and were analyzed by the paired student’s t-test. Results: The CS at the spatial frequency of 1.5 Cpd was significantly increased at the altitude of 3000m (P<0.05), while CS at the higher spatial frequencies was not significantly affected. The CS of 1.5 and 3.0 Cpd was increased at the altitude of 4500m (P<0.05), while the CS of higher spatial frequency did not change significantly. With the increased degree of hypoxia, the overall CCS was increased with a statistical difference at 4500m (P<0.05). The CCS of the temporal superior and inferior quadrants were significantly affected (P<0.05), while those in other quadrants were significantly changed. Conclusions: Mild and moderate acute hypoxia could affect the CS in the low spatial frequency. With the increased degree of acute hypoxia, CCS deteriorates with the temporal quadrant more vulnerable to be affected.
Investigation of Spectrum and Analysis of Risk Factor for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Chinese Army During a Field Training on the Midland of China in the New Era
Authors: Zhang Guanjun , Li Mingyang , Lin Fan , Zhang Yizhe , Li Haohui , Song Hongwen , Li Bin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective To investigate the digestive disease spectrum of Chinese army servicemen during a field training on the midland and to analyze risk factors of diseases in order to discuss the relative prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Seven troops during a field training on the midland of China were randomly selected by using stratified cluster random sampling methods,all soldiers in that received a questionnaire survey,and then we collected all questionnaires and summarized the soldiers’ digestive system disease spectrum, and discussed risk factors for diseases. Results 3055 valid questionnaires were finally collected,896 soldiers had digestive symptoms, and of all symptoms diarrhea was the most common,whose ratio was 29.3%; 507 soldiers suffered from digestive system diseases, including gastritis,enteritis,digestive ulcer,functional bowel disease, which were more common.By the logistic regression analysis, length of military service time,identity of army officer,length of a field training time,training pressure,chilled abdomen,and defiled food were possible risk factors for digestive diseases.Conclusions During a field training,a healthy and regular diet, the thermal outfit,appropriate decompression of negative emotions and reasonable training time may effectively decrease the risk of digestive diseases, so that to reduce attrition.
Molecular Biotyping, Phylogenetic Analysis of Indole Acetic Acid Producing Rhizobium Sp. CU8 and Co-inhabitant Non-rhizobial Nodule Associated Bacteria From Mimosa Pudica L.
Authors: R. Maya , AKKARA YUSUF 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The interaction between rhizobia and other nodule associated bacteria assist to mitigate nutrient stress in leguminous plants by fixing atmospheric nitrogen and synthesizing plant growth regulators. Beneficial effects of microbial inoculants emphasize the need for further research and their use in modern agriculture. The present work describes the isolation, identification, plant growth promoting properties and phylogenetic analysis of nodule associated bacteria from Mimosa pudica L. Isolation and characterization of nodule associated bacteria were done according to standard procedures. Molecular characterization of the isolates was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA. Plant growth promoting ability was analyzed by quantifying the levels of Indole acetic acid. Evolutionary distance and relatedness was analyzed using neighbor joining method. Rhizobium sp. CU8 and three other co-resident non-rhizobial nodule associated bacteria (Bacillus cereus MY5, Ralstonia pickettii MY1 and Lactococcus lactis MY3) exhibiting nitrogen fixation, plant growth promotion and other potential microbial activities were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the genetic relatedness and evolutionary significance of Rhizobium sp. CU8 and other co-inhabitant non-rhizobial nodule associated bacteria from M. pudica. Present study identified the four isolates as potential biofertilizers due to their nitrogen fixing and growth promoting characteristics. L. lactis MY3 is the first co-resident nitrogen fixer and plant growth promoter reported from the root nodules of M. pudica.
Clinical Trials on Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Agent: An Analysis From Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI)
Authors: Ray Suman , Chavan Chandrasekhar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The stem cells have abundant potential for innovative therapeutic programs to replace or regenerate cells or tissues having functional impairment. Since the introduction of stem cell therapy using embryonic stem cells in 1998, the clinical use of the stem cells has increased. On the scientific ground, it is necessary to pass the clinical trials, otherwise, it may be recognised as an unproven therapy. The market of unproven stem cell therapy got attention when stem cell clinics started to advertise and claim to cure untreatable diseases. Indian Government has thus considered stem cell as a drug, and stem cells gone under clinical trials for market approval. In this study, we studied research trends related to clinical trials using stem cells as a therapeutic agent based on data obtained from the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI). Our study showed that many clinical trials on the stem cells have been registered in the CTRI database, but only few of the clinical trials has been focusing on the actual stem cell drug development process. The greatest part of these trials were interventional and focused on bone marrow stem cells. On the other hand, only 2% of clinical trials actually focused on iPSCs. There is need to promote randomized clinical trials than single arm trials then our reliability on outcome from clinical trials may increases.
Usefulness of Presepsin for the Early Detection of Infectious Complications after Elective Colorectal Surgery, Compared with C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin
Authors: Amanai Erika , Nakai Kishiko , Saito Junichi , Hashiba Eiji , Miura Takuya , Morohashi Hajime , Sakamoto Yoshiyuki , Mikami Akio , Hakamada Kenichi , Hirota Kazuyoshi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Infectious complications remain a major clinical problem in colorectal surgery, contributing to prolonged hospital stays, additional costs and significant postoperative mortality. Presepsin has been reported to be a useful marker to diagnose sepsis, similar or superior to procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and plasma presepsin concentrations are associated with the severity of sepsis and its outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of presepsin in the early detection of infectious complications after elective colorectal surgery, compared with CRP and PCT.Methods: This study was a prospective observational study. Patients of age >18 who underwent elective colon resections were enrolled and patients with end-stage kidney disease were excluded. Blood samples were collected just before surgery and on postoperative day (POD) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Infectious complications were diagnosed by surgeons. Results: A total of 114 patients were examined, and 27 patients (23.7%) developed infectious complications: 11 anastomotic leaks, 13 intra-abdominal infections, and 3 wound infections. CRP and PCT markedly increased from POD1 to POD3 and then gradually decreased toward POD6 in both groups, but the trends of the decrease in the infected group were blunt, compared with those in the non-infected group. On the other hand, presepsin did not show major changes just after surgery, but it increased on POD4 and POD6, when the complications occurred. ROC analysis to predict infectious complications revealed that the best accuracy was obtained on POD 6 for all biomarkers. CRP showed excellent predictability and presepsin showed good predictability. However, the cut-off values of all biomarkers were relatively lower than expected. Conclusions: The trends of change in presepsin following colorectal surgeries were distinct from those of CRP and PCT. Monitoring the presepsin trends after colorectal surgeries could be helpful to detect postoperative infectious complications.Trial registration: UMIN000025313. Registered on 17 December 2016.
Salinity Thresholds for Understory Plants in Coastal Wetlands.
Authors: Anderson Steven , Ury Emily , Taillie Paul , Ungberg Eric , Moorman Christopher , Poulter Benjamin , Ardon Marcelo , Bernhardt Emily , Wright Justin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The effects of sea level rise and coastal saltwater intrusion on wetland plants can extend well above the high-tide line due to drought, hurricanes, and groundwater intrusion. Research has examined how coastal salt marsh plant communities respond to increased flooding and salinity, but more inland coastal systems have received less attention. The aim of this study was to identify whether ground layer plants exhibit threshold responses to salinity exposure. We used two vegetation surveys throughout the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula (APP) of North Carolina, USA to assess vegetation in a low elevation landscape (< 3.8 m) experiencing high rates of sea level rise (3-4 mm/year). We examined the primary drivers of community composition change using Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS), and used Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) to detect thresholds of compositional change based on indicator taxa, in response to potential indicators of exposure to saltwater (elevation, Na, and the S Ca + Mg). Salinity and elevation explained 64% of the variation in community composition, and we found two salinity thresholds for both soil Na+ (265 and 3843 g Na+/g), and Ca+ + Mg+ (42 and 126 µeq/g ) where major changes in community composition occur on the APP. Similar sets of species showed sensitivity to these different metrics of salt exposure. Overall, our results showed that ground layer plants can be used as reliable indicators of salinity thresholds in coastal wetlands. These results can be used for monitoring salt exposure of ecosystems and for identifying areas at risk for undergoing future community shifts.
Knowledge-Based Systems Manufacturing With Viability Ensuring
Authors: Gribova Valeriya V. , Shalfeeva Elena A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With highly increased competition, intelligent product manufacturing based on interpretable knowledge bases has been recognized as an effective method for building applications of explainable Artificial Intelligence that is the hottest topic in the field of Artificial Intelligence. The success of product family directly depends on how effective the viability mechanisms are laid down in its design. In this paper, a systematic cloud-based set of tool family is proposed to develop viable knowledge-based systems. For productive participation of domain and cognitive specialists in manufacturing, the knowledge base should be declarative, testable and integratable with other architectural components. Mechanisms to ensure KBS viability are provided in an ontology-oriented development environment, where each component is formed in terms of domain ontology by using the adaptable instrumental support. Due to the explicit separation of ontology from knowledge, it became possible to divide competencies between specialists creating an ontology and specialists creating a knowledge base. We rely on the fact that the activity of creating an ontology is significantly different from the activity of creating a knowledge base. Creating an ontology is a creative process that requires a systematic analysis of the domain area in order to identify common patterns among its knowledge.The characteristic properties of knowledge-based systems related to viability are described. It is explained, how these properties are provided in development environments implemented on cloud platform. The concept of a specialized manufacturing environment for knowledge-based system is introduced. The necessary set of tools for such ontology-oriented environment construction is determined. The example of tools for creating specialized manufacturing environments is the instruments implemented on the «IACPaaS» platform. The IACPaaS is already used for collective development of thematic cloud knowledge portals with viable knowledge-based systems. This specialized manufacturing environment has enabled the creation of multi-purpose medical software services to support specialist solutions based on knowledge being remotely improved by experts.
Effects of HIV status and history of pregnancy termination on trends of family planning knowledge among women in nine fragile and conflict-affected countries
Authors: Woytowich Daniel John , Xie Bin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

To decrease the proportion of women in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS) that need, but are not using modern contraception, the global health community must better understand family planning (FP) knowledge gaps; and elucidate which subgroups of women are, and are not, effectively being reached with FP information. This study investigated whether women with notable sexual and reproductive health histories that put them at risk for future pregnancy complications, namely HIV + women and women with history of terminated pregnancy (HTP), would possess more complete FP knowledge and/or recall being given FP information more readily than HIV- women and women with no HTP (NHTP), respectively.
Methods

Knowledge of several contraceptive methods, and the prevalence of women who recalled being given FP information at a healthcare visit, or via TV, radio, or periodical were estimated across HIV, HTP, and country subgroups. HIV + and HTP status were major predictors in multivariate logistic regressions analyzing the odds of knowing a specified method of contraception or of recalling being given FP information via the modes considered.
Results

HIV + as opposed to HIV- women showed significantly higher odds of knowing about the pill (p = 0.001), IUD (p < 0.001), injectables (p = 0.005), male condoms (p < 0.001), female condoms (p < 0.001), and implants (p < 0.001); but not female or male sterilization. HIV + women demonstrated higher odds of recalling being given FP information at a health visit (p = 0.001), whereas HTP women did not. HTP women showed higher odds (p < 0.001) of knowing each modern method of FP with the exception of male sterilization and of recalling TV (p = 0.01) and radio (p < 0.001) FP messages.
Conclusions

Notable findings were the higher FP awareness among HIV + and HTP women, and the observation that HIV + women were seemingly provided FP information more readily at healthcare visits than were HTP women, despite their similar risk profiles concerning future pregnancies. Subsequent studies may elucidate why these patterns were observed and indicate which other diagnostic groups are effectively being reached with FP education, and which are not. Understanding trends and predictors of FP knowledge can help practitioners better target FP counseling efforts in FCS toward knowledge gaps and their causes.
Biosorption As A Perfect Technique for Purification of Wastewater Contaminated With Ammonia
Authors: Abdelfattah Ibrahim , El-Saied Fathy A. , Almedolab Ali A. , El-Shamy Ashraf M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Eichhornia Crassipes root powder (ECRP) has been used to remove ammonia from aqueous solutions. The biosorption factors such as biosorbent dosage, pH, initial ammonia concentration, and contact time have been considered in batch conditions. The optimal conditions, at pH (6), sorbent dose 5 g/l, time (30 min) ammonia concentration (10 mg/l). Langmuir is better suited than Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic models: Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and Bohart-Adm were applied. These models showed that; the adsorption capacity decreased with flow rate increases as follows: (32.57, 31.82, 31.25, and 30.17 mg/gm) respectively at a flow rate (10, 15, 20, and 25 ml/min). The roots powder of Eichhornia Crassipes was used to treat specific drainage wastewater obtained from the Sabal drain at Menoufia, Egypt. The average efficiency of ammonia removal was 87% per batch adsorption method at pH value = 7.5, sorbent dose 5 g/L, uptake period (30 minutes), and primary load 7.1 mg/l; however, ammonia removal by column continuous adsorption method exceeded 94 %. In addition, (ECRP) has been shown to be efficient in removing arsenic, sulfate, nitrates, nitrite, silica, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, aluminum, and lead from actual sewage wastewater, in addition to removing more than 75 % COD.
The Effectiveness Sustainability of Supervised Balance Training in Chronic Ankle Instability With Grade Iii Ligament Injury: A One-year Prospective Study
Authors: Hou Zongchen , Huang Hongshi , Ao Yingfang , Hu Yuelin , Jiao Chen , Guo Qinwei , Miao Xin , Li Nan , Jiang Yanfang , Jiang Dong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: To determine the effectiveness sustainability of the supervised balance training in the chronic ankle instability (CAI) cases with grade III ligament injury. Methods: Twenty young adults (12 males and 8 females) diagnosed as CAI with grade III ligament injury underwent a 3-months supervised balance training. The self-reported functional questionnaire, plantar pressure, and isokinetic ankle strength were consecutively evaluated at pre-training, 3 months, 6 months and one year. Paired T test was used to explore the changes of muscle strength and foot pressure to evaluate the effectiveness sustainability of balance training. According to whether the patient has sprain recurrence, the patients were divided into sprain recurrence group and control group. The risk factors of sprain recurrence were explored with univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression.Results: The self-reported functional scores, the plantar pressure distribution and the muscle strength showed significant immediate improvements after 3-month supervised balance training. At post-training 6 months, peak force under 2nd metatarsal, time to peak force under the medial hindfoot, time to boundary measurements and dorsiflexion, and eversion strength were partly declined to the pre-training level. 16 patients (80%) resumed the daily life and sports without sprain recurrence during the follow-up. Four patients (20%) reported ankle sprain during the follow-up, and the sprain recurrence group showed significantly higher Beighton scores (p=0.012) and weaker initial inversion strength (p=0.022) than the control group.Conclusions: Three months’ supervised balance training could effectively improve postural control and muscle strength of the CAI cases with grade III ankle ligament, although these improvements would be partial deceased over time. Additional strength exercises for dorsiflexion and eversion should be supplemented from 6 months. Higher Beighton score and initial inversion muscle strength weakness might increase the risk of sprain recurrence.Clinical registration: ChiCTR1900023999, June 21th, 2019
Investigating Resistance to Emamectin Benzoate in the Tomato Borer Tuta Absoluta
Authors: Roditakis Emmanouil , Stavrakaki Marianna , Ilias Aris , Ioannidis Panagiotis , Vontas John 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The tomato borer Tuta absoluta is a major pest of tomato mainly controlled by chemical insecticides. However, development of resistance to specific chemical classes has made control of the pest extremely difficult. Emamectin benzoate belongs to the avermectin mode of action and to date, low or no resistance levels against this insecticide have been documented. Recently, reduced efficacy of emamectin benzoate was documented, in a field population from Crete (9-fold resistant ratio (RR)). Subsequent laboratory selections with emamectin benzoate for eight sequential generations, resulted in an increase of the RR to 60-fold, the highest resistance level reported to the particular insecticide. Hereby, we are presenting the characterization of emamectin benzoate resistance in T. absoluta. Sequencing of the GluCl and GABA receptor (rdl) genes, the molecular targets of emamectin benzoate, indicted absence of non-synonymous SNPs. The use of known enzyme inhibitors (PBO, DEF and DEM) revealed that P450s partially synergized emamectin benzoate resistance, suggesting potential implication of metabolic resistance. RNA-seq approach was used to identify differentially expressed genes, from emamectin benzoate resistant and susceptible T. absoluta populations. Twelve libraries were sequenced using the Illumina platform, which generated 81 Gbp, thus substantially increasing the number of publicly available genomic resources for this species. The de novo transcriptome assembly consisted of 549,601 contigs, grouped in 233,453 unigenes. Differential expression analysis and qPCR validation revealed over-expression of one unigene similar to cytochrome P450 (Clan 4) potentially implicated in emamectin benzoate resistance, supporting further the involvement of P450s in the observed resistance phenotype.