bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authenticity, power and the case record: A textual analysis of the participation of children and young people in their child protection conference
Authors: Ogle Justine , Vincent Sharon , Hawkes Martine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper adds to the limited evidence base around documentary representation of the wishes, feelings and views of children and young people involved in the child protection system. It presents the findings of a critical discourse analysis of 114 documents relating to 28 children and young people in the North of England who were the subject of a child protection conference (CPC) due to having experienced significant harm or the high likelihood of significant harm occurring. Three dominant and interlayering discourses were identified: a discourse of childhood, a discourse of participation and a discourse of professional social work practice. While some children and young people came to life in the reports and were afforded a unique identity, others were invisible and their views were marginalized. The findings support a dominant discourse of the unseen and unheard child, with participation normally mediated by power relationships between adults and children, and which marginalizes the experiences of children through a structurally constructed lens of risk and vulnerability. The findings signify the need to establish assessment practices and case reporting systems in which children are heard themselves as well as reported on by others.
Parental meanings attributed to children's participation in street protests
Authors: Kowzan Piotr , Świdlińska Iwona 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOur research into meanings attributed by parents to children's participation in street protests reveal various reasons why children are deliberately taken to protests, even the children who can barely speak. We also looked at parental educational efforts related to the participation in the protests, as described by the parents themselves. The interviews were inspired by the phenomenographic approach. The analysis resulted in a conceptual graph of themes and logical bridges between them. Participation in protests becomes a form of citizenship education, which supplements Diane Rodgers’ concept of ‘participation by default.’
Deciphering mouse uterine receptivity for embryo implantation at single‐cell resolution
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhu Qiu‐Yang , Liu Ji‐Long 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesMice are widely used as an animal model for studying human uterine receptivity for embryo implantation. Although transcriptional changes related to mouse uterine receptivity have been determined by using bulk RNA‐seq, the data are of limited value because the uterus is a complex organ consisting of many cell types. Here, we aimed to decipher mouse uterine receptivity for embryo implantation at single‐cell resolution.Materials and methodsSingle‐cell RNA sequencing was performed for the pre‐receptive and the receptive mouse uterus. Gene expression profiles in luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium were validated by comparing against a published laser capture microdissection (LCM)‐coupled microarray dataset.ResultsWe revealed 19 distinct cell clusters, including 3 stromal cell clusters, 2 epithelial cell clusters, 1 smooth muscle cell cluster, 4 endothelial cell clusters and 8 immune cell clusters. We identified global gene expression changes associated with uterine receptivity in each cell type. Additionally, we predicted signalling interactions for distinct cell types to understand the crosstalk between the blastocyst and the receptive uterus.ConclusionOur data provide a valuable resource for deciphering the molecular mechanism underlying uterine receptivity in mice.
LRRC8A is essential for volume‐regulated anion channel in smooth muscle cells contributing to cerebrovascular remodeling during hypertension
Authors: Li Xiang‐Yu , Lv Xiao‐Fei , Huang Cheng‐Cui , Sun Lu , Ma Ming‐Ming , Liu Canzhao , Guan Yong‐Yuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesRecent studies revealed LRRC8A to be an essential component of volume‐regulated anion channel (VRAC), which regulates cellular volume homeostasis. However, evidence for the contribution of LRRC8A‐dependent VRAC activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is still lacking, and the relevant functional role of LRRC8A in VSMCs remains unknown. The primary goal of this study was to elucidate the role of LRRC8A in VRAC activity in VSMCs and the functional role of LRRC8A in cerebrovascular remodeling during hypertension.Materials and MethodssiRNA‐mediated knockdown and adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of LRRC8A were used to elucidate the electrophysiological properties of LRRC8A in basilar smooth muscle cells (BASMCs). A smooth muscle–specific overexpressing transgenic mouse model was used to investigate the functional role of LRRC8A in cerebrovascular remodeling.ResultsLRRC8A is essential for volume‐regulated chloride current (ICl, Vol) in BASMCs. Overexpression of LRRC8A induced a voltage‐dependent Cl− current independently of hypotonic stimulation. LRRC8A regulated BASMCs proliferation through activation of WNK1/PI3K‐p85/AKT axis. Smooth muscle‐specific upregulation of LRRC8A aggravated Angiotensin II‐induced cerebrovascular remodeling in mice.ConclusionsLRRC8A is an essential component of VRAC and is required for cell volume homeostasis during osmotic challenge in BASMCs. Smooth muscle specific overexpression of LRRC8A increases BASMCs proliferation and substantially aggravates basilar artery remodeling, revealing a potential therapeutic target for vascular remodeling in hypertension.
mHealth apps for gestational diabetes mellitus that provide clinical decision support or artificial intelligence: A scoping review
Authors: Daley Bridget J. , Ni’Man Michael , Neves Mariana R. , Bobby Huda Mohammed S. , Marsh William , Fenton Norman E. , Hitman Graham A. , McLachlan Scott 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsGestational diabetes (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder of pregnancy, requiring complex management and empowerment of those affected. Mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) are proposed for streamlining healthcare service delivery, extending care relationships into the community, and empowering those affected by prolonged medical disorders to be equal collaborators in their healthcare. This review investigates mHealth apps intended for use with GDM; specifically those powered by artificial intelligence (AI) or providing decision support.MethodsA scoping review using the novel Survey Tool approach for collaborative literature Reviews (STaR) process was performed.ResultsFrom 18 papers, 11 discrete GDM‐based mHealth apps were identified, but only 3 were reasonably mature with only one currently in use in a clinical setting. Two‐thirds of the apps provided condition‐relevant contextual user feedback that could aid in patient self care. However, although each app targeted one or more components of the GDM clinical pathway, no app addressed the entirety from diagnosis to postpartum.ConclusionsThere are limited mHealth apps for GDM that incorporate AI or AI‐based decision support. Many exist only to record patient information like blood glucose readings or diet, provide generic patient education or advice, or to reduce adverse events by providing medication or appointment alerts. Significant barriers remain that continue to limit the adoption of mHealth apps in clinical care settings. Further research and development are needed to deliver intelligent holistic mHealth apps using AI that can truly reduce healthcare resource use and improve outcomes by enabling patient self care in the community.
The loss of enzymatic activity of the PHARC‐associated lipase ABHD12 results in increased phagocytosis that causes neuroinflammation
Authors: Singh Shubham , Kamat Siddhesh S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhagocytosis is an important evolutionary conserved process, essential for clearing pathogens and cellular debris in higher organisms, including humans. This well‐orchestrated innate immunological response is intricately regulated by numerous cellular factors, important amongst which are the immunomodulatory lysophosphatidylserines (lyso‐PSs) and the pro‐apoptotic oxidized phosphatidylserines (PSs) signalling lipids. Interestingly, in mammals, both these signalling lipids are physiologically regulated by the lipase ABHD12, mutations of which cause the human neurological disorder PHARC. Despite the biomedical significance of this lipase, detailed mechanistic studies and the specific contribution of ABHD12 to innate processes like phagocytosis remain poorly understood. Here, by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence approaches, using the murine model of PHARC, we show, that upon an inflammatory stimulus, activated microglial cells in the cerebellum of mice deficient in ABHD12 have an amoeboid morphology, increased soma size and display heightened phagocytosis activity. We also report that upon an inflammatory stimulus, cerebellar levels of ABHD12 increase to possibly metabolize the heightened oxidized PS levels, temper phagocytosis and, in turn, control neuroinflammation during oxidative stress. Next, to complement these findings, with the use of biochemical approaches in cultured microglial cells, we show that the pharmacological inhibition and/or genetic deletion of ABHD12 results in increased phagocytic uptake in a fluorescent bead uptake assay. Together, our studies provide compelling evidence that ABHD12 plays an important role in regulating phagocytosis in cerebellar microglial cells and provides a possible explanation, as to why human PHARC subjects display neuroinflammation and atrophy in the cerebellum.
A novel mechanistic anion exclusion model to investigate partially water‐saturated transport in soils and shales: A case study of nitrate solution flow
Authors: Hamidian Shoormasti Nima , Tabatabaei‐Nezhad Seyyed Alireza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnion exclusion is an important phenomenon in agricultural, environmental and engineering fields which still needs suitable quantitative models. In this work, a novel model is proposed which considers the porous media as parallel capillaries with negatively charged walls that cause total anion exclusion at a distance from the walls. By defining the ‘anion velocity coefficient’, , as the ratio of anion velocity to pore fluid velocity, equations to estimate the value of at the injection inlet have been derived by three different methods, namely from the profiles' data, , from the concentration ratio at the inlet, , and from the electrical double layer thickness model, . Finally, a simple sensitivity analysis for the third method has been presented. The estimates of presented in this paper were examined versus 22 data points for nitrate solution flow in initially dry soil columns for various soil and salt types and solution concentrations. The coefficient of determination between and for the whole dataset was 0.7755. Also, the estimate could predict the value estimated from the breakthrough anion concentration curve for available data of an advective injection test in a clayey rock. As a result, when anion exclusion dominates, the anion flux decreases but the anion velocity increases. In the case of using nitrate fertilisers, this point may be used to regulate the amount of optimal irrigation and also to explain the extent of contamination of a distant groundwater body.Highlights
Modelling the anion exclusion phenomena in soils and shales.
A mechanistic capillary model is developed to extract the anion velocity coefficient from data.
Anion exclusion explains the anion concentration peaks in the unsaturated soil column test results.
The derived estimates for anion velocity coefficient are shown to be reliable and promising.
Global variation in soil carbon sequestration potential through improved cropland management
Authors: Lessmann Malte , Ros Gerard H. , Young Madaline D. , de Vries Wim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWidespread adoption of improved cropland management measures is advocated to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, thereby improving soil fertility and mitigating climate change. However, spatially explicit insight on management impacts is limited, which is crucial for region‐specific and climate‐smart practices. To overcome these limitations, we combined global meta‐analytical results on improved management practices on SOC sequestration with spatially explicit data on current management practices and potential areas for the adoption of these measures. We included (a) fertilization practices, i.e., use of organic fertilizer compared to inorganic fertilizer or no fertilizer, (b) soil tillage practices, i.e., no‐tillage relative to high or intermediate intensity tillage, and (c) crop management practices, i.e., use of cover crops and enhanced crop residue incorporation. We show that the estimated global C sequestration potential varies between 0.44 and 0.68 Gt C yr−1, assuming maximum complementarity among all measures taken. A more realistic estimate, not assuming maximum complementarity, is from 0.28 to 0.43 Gt C yr−1, being on the lower end of the current range of 0.1–2 Gt C yr−1 found in the literature. One reason for the lower estimate is the limited availability of manure that has not yet been recycled. Another reason is the limited area for the adoption of improved measures, considering their current application and application limitations. We found large regional differences in carbon sequestration potential due to differences in yield gaps, SOC levels, and current practices applied. The highest potential is found in regions with low crop production, low initial SOC levels, and in regions where livestock manure and crop residues are only partially recycled. Supporting previous findings, we highlight that to encourage both soil fertility and SOC sequestration, it is best to focus on agricultural soils with large yield gaps and/or where SOC values are below levels that may limit crop production.
The influence of spatial interfaces on rural economic restructuring in rapidly industrializing areas: A case study of Gongyi city in central China
Authors: Han Dong , Qiao Jiajun , Ma Yuling , Zhu Qiankun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe study of the mechanism of rural economic restructuring is the basis for promoting the optimal restructuring of the rural economy and society as well as for reviving the countryside. We conducted a case study of Gongyi, a typical region experiencing rapid industrialization in inland China and systematically reviewed its economic restructuring process over the past 40 years after China's reform and opening‐up. On the basis of identifying spatial interfaces in Gongyi, we analyzed the influence of these spatial interfaces on the rural economic restructuring in Gongyi using geodetectors. The study showed that the influence of different types of interfaces has had a temporal evolutionary effect, the influence of a single human interface was higher than that of a natural interface. With the different stages of economic development, the influence of the interface is also differentiated. The influence of multiple interfaces increased after superposition, and the superposition of different types of interfaces constituted different patterns of rural economic restructuring in Gongyi. Overall, the influence of physical spatial interfaces on rural economic restructuring has decreased. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to the influence of abstract spatial interfaces in the future.
Assessing risk factors for hypertension in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV infection: A case–control study
Authors: O’Neil Patrick J. , Stafford Kristen A. , Ryscavage Patrick A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the risk of AIDS‐associated diseases has declined dramatically with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the incidence rates of chronic non‐AIDS‐associated diseases in perinatally HIV‐infected adults have risen and have not been well characterized. Both traditional and HIV‐associated risk factors have been found to contribute to hypertension in non‐perinatally HIV‐infected adults; whether these same factors contribute to hypertension in perinatally infected adults is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the socio‐demographic, clinical, virological and immunological factors associated with systemic hypertension among a cohort of perinatally HIV‐infected adolescents and young adults.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study among a population of adults aged 18–35 years with perinatally acquired HIV infection receiving care at the University of Maryland Medical Center. Covariates assessed included traditional risk factors such as age, family history of hypertension, and smoking, as well as numerous HIV‐ and antiretroviral‐associated covariates, including CD4 nadir.ResultsApproximately 31% of the cohort met criteria for hypertension. There were no significant differences in the odds of most traditional or HIV‐associated risk factors among perinatally HIV‐infected adults with hypertension compared with those with no diagnosis of hypertension. Exposure to lopinavir/ritonavir was associated with greater odds of not having hypertension, while a concurrent diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was associated with greater odds of having hypertension.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that most traditional and HIV‐related risk factors do not appear to increase the odds of having hypertension in this cohort of individuals. The aetiology of hypertension in this population remains to be elucidated.
Humoral immune response following prime and boost BNT162b2 vaccination in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Jedicke Nils , Stankov Metodi V. , Cossmann Anne , Dopfer‐Jablonka Alexandra , Knuth Christine , Ahrenstorf Gerrit , Ramos Gema Morillas , Behrens Georg M. N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesPeople living with HIV (PLWH) with low CD4 T‐cell counts may be at a higher risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes and in need of efficient vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends prioritizing PLHIV for COVID‐19 vaccination. Data on immune responses after messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination in PLHIV in relation to CD4 counts are scarce. We aimed at assessing the humoral immune response in PLHIV after mRNA vaccination against COVID‐19.MethodsWe examined a cohort of PLHIV after prime (n = 88) and boost (n = 52) vaccination with BNT162b2. We assessed levels of anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike (S) protein‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG)/IgA and circulating neutralizing antibodies in plasma and correlated results to the cellular immune status. BNT162b2‐vaccinated health care workers served as controls.ResultsAll PLWH had a viral load of ≤ 200 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL and 96.5% had a viral load of < 50 copies/mL. Anti‐S IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after BNT162b2 priming were significantly lower in PLHIV having a CD4:CD8 T‐cell ratio of < 0.5. However, we observed robust humoral immunity in the majority of PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) irrespective of CD4 T‐cell nadir, current CD4 count or CD4:CD8 ratio after full BNT162b2 vaccination. Nevertheless, HIV‐negative controls produced significantly higher mean anti‐S IgG concentrations with less variability.ConclusionsThe majority of PLWH mounted robust responses after complete BNT162b2 vaccination but overall amounts of antibodies directed against the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor‐binding domain were variable. The impact on clinical efficacy remains unclear.
Mistletoe infection changes arthropod community on its cactus host through indirect effects
Authors: Guerra Patricia C. , Escobedo Víctor M. , Gutiérrez Gerardo O. , Gianoli Ernesto 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Parasitic plants and herbivores show similarities in their interactions with host plants. Herbivore‐induced resistance/susceptibility in plants can scale up to the arthropod community. Similar evidence regarding parasitic plants is scarce. We evaluated the indirect effects initiated by the mistletoe Tristerix aphyllus on the arthropod community of the cactus Echinopsis chiloensis in the Chilean coastal desert. Field observations suggested that a stem‐borer beetle bores more brood chambers in mistletoe‐parasitised cacti than in non‐parasitised cacti, and that arthropods colonise these chambers.
We compared tissue toughness, chamber density and morphology in mistletoe‐parasitised and non‐parasitised cacti. We also compared richness, total abundance, abundance per taxa, diversity and composition of the colonising arthropod community.
Parasitised cacti showed a 14% reduction in tissue toughness. Chamber density in parasitised cacti was four times greater and chambers were larger: 35% more volume, an entrance‐opening area 30% greater, and twice the area of the maximum‐width section. Arthropod species richness and diversity were higher in chambers of parasitised cacti. Arthropod community composition was different in chambers of parasitised and non‐parasitised cacti. Thus, spiders and moths were more abundant in parasitised cacti, and pseudoscorpions, scolopendras, ants and flies were exclusively present there, while non‐parasitised cacti had no exclusive taxa.
Mistletoe infection results in a richer, more diverse and distinct arthropod community on its cactus host, which occurs through induced susceptibility to stem‐borers whose brood chambers are colonised by arthropods. Tristerix aphyllus could be a key‐stone species in these arid ecosystems, where arthropod diversity is relatively low.
Soy diet induces intestinal inflammation in adult Zebrafish: Role of OTX and P53 family
Authors: Micheloni Giovanni , Carnovali Marta , Millefanti Giorgia , Rizzetto Manuel , Moretti Vittoria , Montalbano Giuseppe , Acquati Francesco , Giaroni Cristina , Valli Roberto , Costantino Lucy , Ferrara Fulvio , Banfi Giuseppe , Mariotti Massimo , Porta Giovanni 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Since Danio rerio is a promising animal model to study gut function, we developed a soy‐dependent model of intestinal inflammation in adult zebrafish. The soya bean meal diet was given for 4 weeks and induced an inflammatory process, as demonstrated by morphological changes together with an increased percentage of neutrophils infiltrating the intestinal wall, which developed between the second and fourth week of treatment. Pro‐inflammatory genes such as interleukin‐1beta, interleukin‐8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha were upregulated in the second week and anti‐inflammatory genes such as transforming growth factor beta and interleukin‐10. Interestingly, an additional expression peak was found for interleukin‐8 at the fourth week. Neuronal genes, OTX1 and OTX2, were significantly upregulated in the first two weeks, compatible with the development of the changes in the gut wall. As for the genes of the p53 family such as p53, DNp63 and p73, a statistically significant increase was observed after two weeks of treatment compared with controls. Interestingly, DNp63 and p73 were shown an additional peak after four weeks. Our data demonstrate that soya bean meal diet negatively influences intestinal morphology and immunological function in adult zebrafish showing the features of acute inflammation. Data observed at the fourth week of treatment may suggest initiation of chronic inflammation. Adult zebrafish may represent a promising model to better understand the mechanisms of food‐dependent intestinal inflammation.