bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High performance microbial opsins for spatially and temporally precise perturbations of large neuronal networks
Authors: Sridharan Savitha , Gajowa Marta , Ogando Mora B. , Jagadisan Uday , Abdeladim Lamiae , Sadahiro Masato , Bounds Hayley , Hendricks William D. , Tayler Ian , Gopakumar Karthika , Antón Oldenburg Ian , Brohawn Stephen G. , Adesnik Hillel 
Published: April 2021

SummaryPatterned optogenetic activation of defined neuronal populations in the intact brain can reveal fundamental aspects of the neural codes of perception and behavior. The biophysical properties of existing optogenetic tools, however, constrain the scale, speed, and fidelity of precise optical control. Here we use structure-guided mutagenesis to engineer opsins that exhibit very high potency while retaining fast kinetics. These new opsins enable large-scale, temporally and spatially precise control of population neural activityin vivoandin vitro. We benchmark these new opsins against existing optogenetics tools with whole-cell electrophysiology and all-optical physiology and provide a detailed biophysical characterization of a diverse family of microbial opsins under two-photon illumination. This establishes a toolkit and a resource for matching the optimal opsin to the goals and constraints of patterned optogenetics experiments. Finally, by combining these new opsins with optimized procedures for cell-specific holographic photo-stimulation, we demonstrate the simultaneous co-activation of several hundred spatially defined neurons with a single hologram, and nearly double that number by temporally interleaving holograms at fast rates. These newly engineered opsins substantially extend the capabilities of patterned illumination optogenetic paradigms for addressing neural circuits and behavior.
COVID-associated pediatric hospitalization and ICU admission trends across a multi-state health system and the broader US population
Authors: Venkatakrishnan AJ , Pawlowski Colin , O’Horo John C. , Badley Andrew , Halamka John , Soundararajan Venky 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPublic health concerns are emerging based on reports of new SARS-CoV-2 variant strains purportedly triggering a rise in COVID-associated hospitalizations and ICU admissions, particularly in younger patients and the pediatric population. However, analyzing health records of COVID patients from the electronic health records (EHRs) of a multi-state US healthcare system, we find that there is actually a significant drop in COVID-associated hospitalization rates and ICU admission rates in March 2021 compared to February 2021. We further triangulate these EHR-derived insights with the official US government epidemiological data sets to show that during this same time period, there is no apparent nation-wide spike in pediatric hospitalizations. Our study motivates the need to develop a real-time system that integrates various COVID hospitalization and ICU monitoring efforts from the EHR databases of various health systems together with national epidemiological data sets. By infusing SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing data to flag potentially new or emergent viral strains, as well as county-level COVID vaccine rollout rates and shifts in SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rates into such a real-time monitoring system, public health policies and media reporting can be more effectively informed through the rigor of holistic biomedical data sciences.
XAV-19, a swine glyco-humanized polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain, targets multiple epitopes and broadly neutralizes variants
Authors: Vanhove Bernard , Marot Stéphane , So Ray T. , Gaborit Benjamin , Evanno Gwénaëlle , Malet Isabelle , Lafrogne Guillaume , Mevel Edwige , Ciron Carine , Royer Pierre-Joseph , Lheriteau Elsa , Raffi François , Bruzzone Roberto , Pun Mok Chris Ka , Duvaux Odile , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève , Calvez Vincent 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmino acid substitutions and deletions in Spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants can reduce the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In contrast, heterologous polyclonal antibodies raised against S protein, through the recognition of multiple target epitopes, have the potential to maintain neutralization capacities. XAV-19 is a swine glyco-humanized polyclonal neutralizing antibody raised against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Wuhan-Hu-1 Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. XAV-19 target epitopes were found distributed all over the RBD and particularly cover the receptor binding motives (RBM), in direct contact sites with the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2). Therefore, in Spike/ACE2 interaction assays, XAV-19 showed potent neutralization capacities of the original Wuhan Spike and of the United Kingdom (Alpha/B.1.1.7) and South African (Beta/B.1.351) variants. These results were confirmed by cytopathogenic assays using Vero E6 and live virus variants including the Brazil (Gamma/P.1) and the Indian (Delta/B.1.617.2) variants. In a selective pressure study with the Beta strain on Vero E6 cells conducted over 1 month, no mutation was associated with addition of increasing doses XAV-19. The potential to reduce viral load in lungs was confirmed in a human ACE2 transduced mouse model. XAV-19 is currently evaluated in patients hospitalized for COVID-19-induced moderate pneumonia in a phase 2a-2b (NCT04453384) where safety was already demonstrated and in an ongoing 2/3 trial (NCT04928430) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of XAV-19 in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Owing to its polyclonal nature and its glyco-humanization, XAV-19 may provide a novel safe and effective therapeutic tool to mitigate the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) including the different variants of concern identified so far.
A realistic touch-transfer method reveals low risk of transmission for SARS-CoV-2 by contaminated coins and bank notes
Authors: Todt Daniel , Meister Toni Luise , Tamele Barbora , Howes John , Paulmann Dajana , Becker Britta , Brill Florian H. , Wind Mark , Schijven Jack , Mhlekude Baxolele , Goffinet Christine , Krawczyk Adalbert , Steinmann Jörg , Pfaender Stephanie , Brüggemann Yannick , Steinmann Eike 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has created a significant threat to global health. While respiratory aerosols or droplets are considered as the main route of human-to-human transmission, secretions expelled by infected individuals can also contaminate surfaces and objects, potentially creating the risk of fomite-based transmission. Consequently, frequently touched objects such as paper currency and coins have been suspected as a potential transmission vehicle. To assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by banknotes and coins, we examined the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and bovine coronavirus (BCoV), as surrogate with lower biosafety restrictions, on these different means of payment and developed a touch transfer method to examine transfer efficiency from contaminated surfaces to skin. Although we observed prolonged virus stability, our results, including a novel touch transfer method, indicate that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via contaminated coins and banknotes is unlikely and requires high viral loads and a timely order of specific events.
An emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutant evading cellular immunity and increasing viral infectivity
Authors: Motozono Chihiro , Toyoda Mako , Zahradnik Jiri , Ikeda Terumasa , Saito Akatsuki , Tan Toong Seng , Ngare Isaac , Nasser Hesham , Kimura Izumi , Uriu Keiya , Kosugi Yusuke , Torii Shiho , Yonekawa Akiko , Shimono Nobuyuki , Nagasaki Yoji , Minami Rumi , Toya Takashi , Sekiya Noritaka , Fukuhara Takasuke , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Schreiber Gideon ,   The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan) consortium, Nakagawa So , Ueno Takamasa , Sato Kei 
Published: April 2021

SummaryDuring the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that is devastating the modern societies worldwide, many variants that naturally acquire multiple mutations have emerged. Emerging mutations can affect viral properties such as infectivity and immune resistance. Although the sensitivity of naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 variants to humoral immunity has recently been investigated, that to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted cellular immunity remains unaddressed. Here we demonstrate that two recently emerging mutants in the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, L452R (in B.1.427/429) and Y453F (in B.1.298), can escape from the HLA-24-restricted cellular immunity. These mutations reinforce the affinity to viral receptor ACE2, and notably, the L452R mutation increases protein stability, viral infectivity, and potentially promotes viral replication. Our data suggest that the HLA-restricted cellular immunity potentially affects the evolution of viral phenotypes, and the escape from cellular immunity can be a further threat of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Graphical Abstract
Mixed selectivity coding of sensory and motor social signals in the thalamus of a weakly electric fish
Authors: Wallach Avner , Melanson Alexandre , Longtin André , Maler Leonard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent studies have shown that high-level neural activity often exhibits mixed selectivity to multivariate signals. How such representations arise and how they modulate natural behavior is poorly understood. The social behavior of weakly electric fish is relatively low-dimensional and easily reproduced in the laboratory. Here we show how electrosensory signals related to courtship and rivalry inApteronotus leptorhynchusare represented in the preglomerular nucleus, the thalamic region exclusively connecting the midbrain with the pallium. We show that preglomerular cells convert their midbrain inputs into a mixed selectivity code that includes corollary discharge of outgoing communication signals. We discuss how the preglomerular pallial targets might use these inputs to control social behavior and determine dominance in male-male competition and female mate selection during courtship. Our results showcase the potential of the electrocommunication system as an accessible model for studying the neural substrates of social behavior and principles of multi-dimensional neural representation.
Modeling research of initial atmospheric corrosion of Q235 carbon steel based on electrical resistance probe
Authors: Li Zhuolin , Fu Dongmei , Pei Zibo 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to discover the mathematical model for Q235 carbon steel corrosion date acquired in the initial stage of atmospheric corrosion using electrical resistance probe.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, mathematical approaches are used to construct a classification model for atmospheric environmental elements and material corrosion rates.

Findings
Results of the experiment show that the corrosion data can be converted into corrosion depth for calculating corrosion rate to obtain corrosion kinetics model and conform corrosion acceleration phase. Combined with corresponding atmospheric environmental elements, a real time grade subdivision model for corrosion rate can be constructed.

Originality/value
These mathematical models constructed by real time corrosion data can be well used to research the characteristics about initial atmospheric corrosion of Q235 carbon steel.
Education online in lockdown: limits and possibilities. The vision of families in Spain
Authors: Díez-Gutiérrez Enrique-Javier , Gajardo Espinoza Katherine 
Published: April 2021

PurposeMarch 14, 2020, marked the beginning of an unexpected state of emergency in Spain due to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). From that moment on, the educational system had to adapt so that millions of students could continue their education at home. Through a descriptive study, the reality and perceptions that Spanish families have about the educational actions that took place during the compulsory lockdown of the Spanish population is presented.Design/methodology/approach3,400 representatives of family units from 17 autonomous communities answered a survey, the data were analyzed using descriptive and frequency statistics.FindingsRelevant conclusions were drawn from the results. Despite the efforts of the authorities, the economic, cultural, social and digital divides leave many households without access to the fundamental right of education; families value the support of technologies but consider that they should not replace the face-to-face education that is necessary for the development process of minors; it is necessary to adapt the school content for a future postpandemic, discriminating the expendable from the essential in the school curriculum; priority must be given to the integral well-being of people in educational policies and also to the most vulnerable ones.Originality/valueThe study allows progress in the analysis of educational policy proposals in the face of future crisis.
Entity influence and interactive relationship: the use of social media by publishing-related entities
Authors: Yang Yanni , Zhang Yue , Xiang An-Ling 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore factors influencing social media usage effectiveness of publishing-related entities and discuss the differences between publishing-related individuals and organizations in their usage of social media and the differences between commercial organizations and public service organizations (such as libraries).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper studied 546 publishing-related entities’ accounts on the leading Chinese social media and built a theoretical model for the usage of social media by publishing-related entities. Furthermore, it examined the influencing factors from two aspects: power of influence of an entity (entity influence) and the relational interaction of a publishing-related entity with its audience (interactive relationship).

Findings
The study found that for publishing-related individual users of social media, entity influence has a greater positive effect on the effectiveness of social media usage than on the effect of interactive relationship. For publishing-related commercial organizations, the entity influence and interactive relationship have equal impacts on the effectiveness of social media usage. It is also found that interactive relationship has a stronger positive effect on the usage effectiveness of social media, especially for publishing-related public service organizations.

Originality/value
This research fills the gap in the research of comparative analysis in the understanding of social media usage by individuals and organizations related to publishing activities. Moreover, it has tried to propose a theoretical model that can help promote the effectiveness of social media usages by various publishing-related entities and their business strategies.
Twitter dialogue: an analysis of Pakistani politicians’ information sharing
Authors: Batool Syeda Hina , Ahmed Wasim , Mahmood Khalid , Saeed Henna 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The use of Twitter by political parties and politicians has been well studied in developed countries. However, there is a lack of empirical work, which has examined the use of Twitter in developing countries. This study aims to explore the information-sharing patterns of Pakistani politicians through Twitter accounts during the pre-election campaign of 2018.

Design/methodology/approach
Data of three weeks of the official party accounts and the politicians running for prime minister were analysed. The mixed-methods approach has been used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data retrieved through Twitonomy.

Findings
It was found that the most active Twitter account belonged to the winning party. The prominent Twitter account functions were a call to vote, promotional Tweets, promises and Tweeting about party developments. The present study provides evidence that there is a difference between the Tweeting behaviour of established and emerging parties. The emerging party heavily posted about changing traditional norms/culture/practices.

Practical implications
The study contributed to existing knowledge and has practical implications for politicians, citizens and social media planners.

Originality/value
The present study was designed carefully and based on empirical research. The study is unique in its nature to fill the research and knowledge gap by adding a variety of Twitter functions used by politicians.
Shock and volatility spillovers between oil and emerging seven stock markets
Authors: Khurshid Muzammil , Kirkulak-Uludag Berna 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the volatility spillover effects between oil and stock returns in the emerging seven economies.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the Granger causality test and vector autoregression-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity approach to analyze the volatility spillover from 1995 to 2019 were used. The findings provide evidence of significant volatility spillover between oil and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia and Turkey (E7) stock markets.

Findings
All emerging seven stock markets exhibit positive and low constant conditional correlations with oil assets. The magnitude of the correlation changes in respond to the country’s net position in the crude oil market. While a relatively high level of correlation exists between oil and the stock markets of net oil-exporting countries, a relatively low level of correlation exists between oil and the stock markets of net oil-importing countries.

Originality/value
The findings suggest that oil asset improves the risk-adjusted performance of a well-diversified portfolio of stocks. However, investors should invest a larger portion of their portfolios in E7 stock markets than in oil.
Multiple sclerosis patients and e-health system in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshamrani Foziah , Alnajashi Hind 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neurological disease. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are mainstay lifelong treatment with no immediate benefits observed. Adherence to treatment is necessary, however, non-adherence is common problem in MS patients. This paper aims to evaluate patient-related factors and satisfactions affecting medication adherence in Saudi MS patients and their rights to discontinue them against medical advice.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 409 patients diagnosed with MS, using self-administered DMT (oral and injectable), were randomly enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Electronic questionnaire was used in data collection.

Findings
Most participants (71.1%) did not know about their MS type. Average age of participants when diagnosed with MS was 27.9 ± 8 years (range 7–69), mean disease duration was 8.1 ± 6.6. Most patients received injectable therapy 363 (88%). Overall adherence in our sample was 67%. Age of participants and duration of disease had no impact on treatment adherence. No significant differences found between genders, educational level, marital status, and smoking in relation to treatment adherence. Route of administration did not reach statistical significance despite a higher percentage of adherence reported in patients on oral DMT [33% (n = 15)] versus injectable therapy [29% (n = 104)]. Conversely, there was significant difference between adherent and non-adherent patients according to anxiety (p = 0.002) and family history of MS (p = 0.011).

Originality/value
The results revealed that the age of the participants and the duration of the disease had no impact on adherence to treatment.
The impacts of supply chain finance initiatives on firm risk: evidence from service providers listed in the US
Authors: Lam Hugo K.S. , Zhan Yuanzhu 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis study empirically investigates how supply chain finance (SCF) initiatives together with different firm capabilities and resources (i.e. information technology (IT) capability, operational slack and political connections) affect the financial risk of service providers.Design/methodology/approachThis study collects secondary longitudinal data to test for a direct impact of SCF initiatives on service providers' financial risk. It further investigates the moderating effects of the service provider's IT capability, operational slack and political connections. Additional tests and analytical strategies are performed to ensure the robustness of the results.FindingsThe findings indicate that SCF initiatives help service providers mitigate financial risk. The risk reduction is greater for service providers with higher IT capability, operational slack and political connections, but the last factor applies only to multinational corporations, not domestic companies.Research limitations/implicationsThe data used in this research is limited to SCF service providers publicly listed in the United States, which may restrict the generalisability of the findings. Nonetheless, the research urges scholars to focus more on the financial risk implications of SCF in different market contexts.Practical implicationsThis study encourages service providers to embrace the power of SCF initiatives for mitigating financial risk and allows them to evaluate their SCF investments in light of different firm capabilities and resources.Originality/valueThis is the first study investigating the impacts of SCF initiatives and various firm capabilities and resources on service providers' financial risk. The empirical findings provide important implications for future research and practices.
QUALITY PAPERA new rapid and robust multi-factorial screening for low-percentile use-rate accelerated reliability analysis
Authors: Besseris George , Tsarouhas Panagiotis 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe study aims to provide a quick-and-robust multifactorial screening technique for early detection of statistically significant effects that could influence a product's life-time performance.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed method takes advantage of saturated fractional factorial designs for organizing the lifetime dataset collection process. Small censored lifetime data are fitted to the Kaplan–Meier model. Low-percentile lifetime behavior that is derived from the fitted model is used to screen for strong effects. A robust surrogate profiler is employed to furnish the predictions.FindingsThe methodology is tested on a difficult published case study that involves the eleven-factor screening of an industrial-grade thermostat. The tested thermostat units are use-rate accelerated to expedite the information collection process. The solution that is provided by this new method suggests as many as two active effects at the first decile of the data which improves over a solution provided from more classical methods.Research limitations/implicationsTo benchmark the predicted solution with other competing approaches, the results showcase the critical first decile part of the dataset. Moreover, prediction capability is demonstrated for the use-rate acceleration condition.Practical implicationsThe technique might be applicable to projects where the early reliability improvement is studied for complex industrial products.Originality/valueThe proposed methodology offers a range of features that aim to make the product reliability profiling process faster and more robust while managing to be less susceptible to assumptions often encountered in classical multi-parameter treatments.