bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of an urban farm intervention for a low income Hispanic population with multiple risk factors for diabetes (624.3)
Authors: Centrone Stefani Monique , Humphries Debbie , Kline Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

Background: Obesity and chronic disease are highly prevalent in the United States, particularly among low‐income Hispanic populations. Innovative approaches to changing social, behavioral and nutritional risk factors are crucially needed.Objectives: To implement and refine a pilot intervention to address chronic disease risk factors in an urban low income population.Methods: The New Haven Farms Fresh Produce Prescription program provided fresh produce, nutrition education, gardening education and cooking demonstrations weekly during sixteen weeks of the agriculture season. Participants were recruited through a community health center and came to a central urban agriculture site each week. Participants completed baseline and follow up assessments of dietary diversity, chronic disease risk, food security and physical activity, as well as weekly surveys on use of the fresh produce.Results: 51 people completed the baseline survey, and 40 people completed the follow up survey. Preliminary analyses show that approximately 30% show some food insecurity at baseline.Conclusions: This pilot study reports on the development of a complex intervention to address multiple chronic disease risk factors through agriculture‐based activities in an urban setting.
A study on recognition and intake status of caffeinated food among high school students in Incheon region, Korea (626.1)
Authors: Kim Young A , Choi Ji‐hye 
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic data to guide students in their proper selection and taking caffeinated food. 535 high school students (254 boys and 281 girls) were surveyed in the region of Incheon, using a questionnaire.The degree of caffeinated food was evaluated maximum 12 points, and a significant gap proved that boys recognize caffeinated food better than girls(boys 9.06, girls 8.76, p<.01). The primary factor to choose caffeinated food was taste for 75% of students, while 10% of students thought that price was most important thing. 55.7% of students didn’t check out the nutrition facts label on food, but girls tended to checkout more often than boys (boys 40.2%, girls 48%, p<.05). 42% of boys and girls were not well aware of the influence of caffeinated food on their health, similarly. 27.6% of students answered that they experienced side effects of caffeinated food such as sleeplessness(p<.001), frequent urine(p<.05), heartburn(p<.001), headache or vertigo(p<.05), and girls were found to experience more side effect for every symptoms than boys. Except cola, students tended to have caffeinated food solely with no other foods. They tended to have cola with fast foods most likely(boys 51.4%, girls 64.1%, p<.05).Therefore, nutrition education about caffeinated food is required in home and school both to prevent students’ habit to have excessive caffeinated food for their healthy life.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Inha University
Development of a STEM‐based school garden and nutrition education program to increase knowledge and consumption of pulse crops by school aged children (626.17)
Authors: Atterberry Kelly , Miles Carol , Riddle Lee Anne , Rueda Janice , Betz Drew 
Published: June 2021

Development of a STEM‐based school garden and nutrition education program to increase knowledge and consumption of pulse crops by school aged children Kelly A. Atterberry1*,Carol A. Miles1, Lee Anne Riddle2, Janice M.W. Rueda3, and Drew Betz2.1Washington State University; Mount Vernon, Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center; 2WSU Extension Whatcom County; 3Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.Pulse crops, which include dry beans, dry peas, lentils and chickpeas, are nutrient dense foods rich in fiber, protein, iron, potassium and phytonutrients. Consumption of pulses is associated with increased satiety and reduced risk of chronic diseases, yet these low‐cost foods are not widely consumed among school‐aged children. Studies have shown that children who observe and participate in growing food are more likely to taste and regularly consume the targeted food. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a school garden and nutrition education intervention on consumption of pulses in a school cafeteria setting in the state of Washington. A Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM)‐based curriculum combined exposure to dry beans, a pulse crop grown in the proximal area, in a school garden setting with classroom nutrition education. The lessons included in‐class nutrition education and science‐based activities, as well as experiential learning activities of harvesting and threshing dry beans from the school gardens. Fifty‐six students participated in the study, 25 in fourth grade and 31 in ninth grade. Pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys were used to assess changes in students’ knowledge about pulses foods. Students’ attitudes towards spending class time in their school garden were also assessed. Results from this pilot study will be presented.
Folate status and incident cancer morbidity among adults in the U.S. (628.6)
Authors: Hu Jing , Juan Wenyen , Sahyoun Nadine 
Published: June 2021

Folate and cancer incidence among adults in the U.S. Jing Hu, Wenyen Juan, Ph.D. and Nadine R. Sahyoun, Ph.D., R.D.Folic acid fortification of grain products in the U.S. has significantly improved population folate status and decreased incidence of Neural Tube Defects. Recently, concerns were raised that excessive folic acid intake may increase cancer risk. We tested the association between folate status and cancer incidence in post‐fortification years among NHANES 1999‐2002 participants aged 57 and over. Cancer incidence was obtained from Medicare files with 5‐8 years follow up. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to examine the relationship between serum and RBC folate, folic acid and dietary folate equivalents (DFEs) and risk of overall cancer incidence. Over 8100 person‐years of follow‐up, 144 cancer cases were documented. Results showed that participants in the highest quartile for RBC folate (>=421.00 ng/ml) or DFE (>=818.6 µg), were at lower risk of cancer incidence. The Hazard Ratios adjusted for confounders of the highest quartile versus the second quartile of RBC folate and DFEs were 0.545 [0.312‐0.953] and 0.535 [0.300‐0.954], respectively. There were no significant associations between serum folate, folic acid intake and incident cancer. Our findings suggest a protective effect of RBC folate and DFEs against cancer. The post‐fortification consumption of folic acid in an older population did not appear to increase overall cancer risk.
Evaluating the impact of fat taxes and vegetables subsidies on specific food categories (630.4)
Authors: Hanks Andrew , Just David , Wansink Brian 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the psychological effects of framing a 10% price difference between healthy and relatively less healthy foods as a tax, subsidy, or a combination of both.Methods: In cooperation with a Northeastern grocer, a seven‐month field study was designed in which daily, itemized transactions were tracked for 233 participants. Participants received 10% discount on grocery purchases during the first month of the study. In months two through seven, one‐quarter of the households continued to receive the 10% discount. The other households received a 15% discount on all foods considered healthy, and a 5% discount on all foods considered unhealthy. These households were also assigned to one of three price framing conditions in which the 10% price difference was called either a 10% tax on unhealthy foods, a 10% subsidy on healthy foods, or a 5% tax on unhealthy foods and a 5% subsidy on unhealthy foods. The grocer’s proprietary algorithm was used to determine the health rating of the foods. Before‐after regression methods were utilized to examine the impact of each intervention on expenditures on the following food categories: pre‐made dinners; desserts; dairy; fruit; vegetables.Results: Participants in the subsidy condition spent $3.21 less (p<0.001) on unhealthy dinners while at the same time spending $2.25 more on the fattening desserts (p<0.001) Interestingly, these individuals spent $1.41 more (p<0.001) on fruit, though this fruit was preserved in heavy syrup. Participants in the tax condition responded by spending $4.34 more on higher calorie dairy items. When the price frame included both a tax and subsidy, participants responded by spending $3.39 less on fresh fruits. There was no effect on vegetables.Conclusions: These findings document important psychological discrepancies in relation to the framing of price differences. Policy makers should seriously consider these responses as they design instruments to encourage healthier behaviors.
The acceptability of an innovative feeding bowl and spoon to improve maternal and child nutrition in India. (633.5)
Authors: Collison Deborah , Kekre Priya , Srikantiah Sridhar , Verma Pankaj , Melgen Sarah , Kram Nidal , Colton Jonathan , Blount Wendy , Webb‐Girard Amy 
Published: June 2021

Dietary practices in India often fail to provide adequate nutrition during the first 1000 days of life. We used a life course approach to develop and qualitatively assess low cost and easy to use demarcated feeding bowls and slotted spoons to assist mothers in appropriate diet practices for themselves during pregnancy and lactation and for their children 6‐24 mo. In Samastipur, Bihar, India, we conducted 16 focus groups discussion and 8 key informant interviews to assess community acceptability and feedback on design and delivery of the bowl and spoon. Over 14 days we conducted user testing with 20 pregnant women, 20 breastfeeding women 0‐6 mo postpartum, and 20 mothers with infants 6‐18 mo. The tools were well accepted, though communities recommended manufacturing them in steel. The proportion of pregnant and breastfeeding women taking an extra portion/ day increased from 0% to 100%; number of meals increased from 2‐3 to 3‐4 / day. For children, meal frequency and the quantity and thickness of food consumed during meals increased for all age groups. All children not yet initiating complementary feeding initiated during the testing period. Simple feeding tools are culturally acceptable and have potential to improve dietary practices during the first 1000 days of life in Bihar. Further research should assess whether these tools influence practices and subsequently nutritional status over and above counseling alone.Grant Funding Source: Bill and Mellinda Gates
Effect of chronic mushroom intake on anthropometric measures and quality of life in older men and women (640.10)
Authors: LaMacchia Zach , Williams B.T. , Marsales H.R. , Millen A.E. , Burton H.W. , Browne R.W. , Horvath P.J. 
Published: June 2021

Mushroom intake has been shown to be beneficial in weight management, immune function and quality of life. To determine the effect of chronic Portabella mushroom intake on anthropometric measures and quality of life in older men and women, seventeen subjects (men=5 women=12)(age 51.6±3.0 years old, Weight 84.1±4.6 kg, BMI 30.1± 1.8, Body Fat% 29.8±2.5%) consumed two Portabella mushroom caps/wk for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures (weight, BF%, BMI, LBM) and quality of life surveys (Yale Physical Activity survey, SF36v2 general health survey, CES depression survey, and a 3 day diet record) were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks. All subjects lost weight (P<0.02, combined) with men having a greater weight loss of 1.7 kg (P<0.03). Fasting blood glucose was decreased in all (106 to 97 mg/dL, P<0.02) with men having a greater decline (120 to 105 mg/dL), P<0.01). Quality of life measures did not change throughout the duration of the study. Chronic mushroom intake may cause weight loss in men and women and lower fasting glucose.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Mushroom Council
Effects of obesity on development of oxidative stress and DNA damages in liver of the obese Zucker rat (643.1)
Authors: Hakkak Reza , Korourian Soheila , Pavliv Oleksanda , Evans Teresa , Melnyk Stepan 
Published: June 2021

The obesity epidemic is continuing in the United States for two decades. Obesity leads to significant change in redox balance, targeting both systemic and targeted organs/tissues. Previously, we reported obesity promotes DMBA‐induced mammary tumor development using the obese Zucker rat model. This study’s objective was to investigate the effects of obesity on oxidative stress development and oxidative DNA damage in the rat liver. Female lean and obese Zucker rats (n=8/group) at 5 weeks of age were fed AIN‐93‐G diet for 8 weeks. Liver sample metabolites were measured using HPLC‐electrochemical detection or LC‐MS. We found lean rats have significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of reduced free Glutathione (GSH), significantly (P<0.04) lower levels of oxidized Glutathione (GSSG) and 20% lower (P<0.03) GSH/GSSG oxidative ratio compared to the obese group. Also, an indicator of oxidative DNA damage, 8‐hydroxy‐Guanosine (8‐OH‐G), was 25% (P<0.03) higher in obese rats compared to the lean group and there was a significant (P<0.03) spike in 5‐hydroxymethyl‐Cytosine (5‐hmC) in obese rats. In summary, our results shows higher levels of oxidative stress in the liver of obese rats, which corresponds to an increase in DNA damage, compared to lean rats. An increase in the formation of 5‐hmC in obese rats indicates that it can be a very reliable new marker of DNA damage in addition to 8‐OH‐G.Grant Funding Source: UAMS Children’s University Medical Group
Obesity is associated with increased dihomo‐λ‐linolenic and with decreased nervonic and n‐3 fatty acids in plasma phospholipids (643.8)
Authors: Pickens Charles , Comstock Sarah , Harris William , Fenton Jenifer 
Published: June 2021

Obesity and blood fatty acid (FA) levels are associated with inflammation and chronic disease risk. The purpose of this study was to identify associations between FA in plasma phospholipids (PPL) and body mass index (BMI). 126 Caucasian males (48‐65 years old) were categorized: lean (BMI<25), overweight (25蠄BMI<30), or obese (BMI蠅30). PPL were extracted and analyzed using a modified Rosen‐Folch method and gas chromatography. PPL from obese men were less likely to contain n‐3 FA compared to those from lean (OR 0.72). Specifically, PPL from obese men had lower content of linoleic acid (OR 0.79), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (OR 0.68), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (OR 0.45), and EPA+DHA (OR 0.74). Nervonic acid (NA), an n‐9 FA, was less abundant in PPL from overweight (OR 0.24) and obese men (OR 0.13), while dihomo λ‐linolenic acid (DGLA), an n‐6 FA, was more abundant in PPL from overweight (OR 3.02) and obese (OR 3.70) men. DGLA was positively correlated and NA was negatively correlated with serum C‐peptide, an indicator of insulin resistance. Similar associations were observed when participants were stratified by waist circumference. Future studies should examine the potential role of NA and DGLA in obesity‐associated diseases.Grant Funding Source: Research Support: NIH R03CA142000 and MSU CTSI
Capsaicin causes apoptosis of human small cell lung cancers cells via the TRPV6/calpain pathway (644.8)
Authors: Stevenson Cathryn , Crabtree Clayton , Dom Aaron , Lau Jamie , Brown Kathleen , Creel Rebecca , Damron C , Chen Y , Witte Theodore , Hardman W , Dasgupta Piyali 
Published: June 2021

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by aggressive clinical course and a dismal survival rate. The present study examines the apoptotic activity of capsaicin (the pungent ingredient of chili peppers) in human SCLC. We observed that capsaicin induced apoptosis in a panel of human SCLC in a concentration‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. Most importantly, capsaicin caused robust apoptosis in a panel of human SCLC cell lines, but did not affect normal human lung epithelial cells. The dietary administration of capsaicin decreased the growth H69 and DMS53 human SCLC tumors in nude mice and in chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models. The apoptotic activity of capsaicin was reversed with the generalized TRPV antagonist ruthenium red, indicating that TRPV receptors are involved in capsaicin induced apoptosis. However, antagonists to TRPV1, namely capsazepine and SB‐366791, did not affect the apoptotic activity of capsaicin, suggesting the involvement of a TRPV1‐independent mechanism. In contrast, depletion of TRPV6 by siRNA ablated the apoptotic activity of capsaicin. Capsaicin‐induced apoptosis was also inhibited by calpeptin, a chemical inhibitor of the calpain pathway. Our findings suggest that capsaicin may have potential applications as a novel therapeutic agent for SCLCs.Grant Funding Source: Supported by an NIH R15‐Area Grant, a FAMRI YCSA Grant, and WV INBRE
Vitamin A and feeding statuses modulate the insulin‐regulated Pck1 and Srebp‐1c expression in primary hepatocytes from lean and obese rats (645.1)
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Yang , Chen Guoxun 
Published: June 2021

The hepatic insulin resistance occurs with profound changes of the expression of genes for glucose and lipid metabolism. Previously, we compared insulin‐regulated gene expression in hepatocytes of Zucker lean (ZL) and fatty (ZF) rats. We found that insulin‐regulated Srebp‐1c and Pck1 expressions are impaired in hepatocytes of ZF, but not ZL, rats fed ad libitum, which can be corrected by fasting. As vitamin A (VA) deficiency causes reduction of body mass and food intake in rats, we set up a pair‐feeding experiment to study the effects of energy intake and VA status on the insulin‐regulated gene expression. Rats were fed a VA deficient (VAD) diet ad libitum (VAD‐AD) for 8 weeks. An isocaloric VA sufficient (VAS) diet equal to the amount of the VAD diet taken by the VAD‐AD rat in 24‐hour was given to the pair‐fed rats in two ways. On the last day, VAS‐PF‐AD rat was allowed to ingest the VAS diet ad libitum to avoid the fasting state. VAS‐PF‐4M rat was given one fourth of the daily ration every 6 hours. Here, we report that the insulin‐ and retinoic acid (RA)‐regulated Srebp1c and Pck1 expressions were impaired in hepatocytes of ZF rats fed ad libitum, confirming our previous results. The impairment was partially corrected in hepatocytes of ZF rats fed the VAD diet ad libitum. The ZL and ZF VAS‐PF‐AD or ‐4M rats had higher body mass and feed efficiency than their VAD‐AD controls before the reduction of food intake occurred. The VAS‐PF rats overate when enough diet was present at the end of the pair‐feeding paradigm. Insulin‐inhibited Pck1 (VAS‐PF‐AD ZL rats) and induced Srebp1c (VAS‐PF‐AD ZL and ZF rats) expressions ware partially impaired. The expressions of genes for hepatic VA metabolism were altered in those rats. VA and feeding statuses modulate the insulin‐regulated gene expression.Grant Funding Source: Supported by AHA
13C‐phytoene from tomato cell suspension cultures for pharmacokinetic studies in healthy adults (645.15)
Authors: Moran Nancy , Cichon Morgan , Novotny Janet , Grainger Elizabeth , Riedl Ken , Rogers Randy , Schwartz Steven , Erdman John , Clinton Steven 
Published: June 2021

Phytoene (C40H64) is a colorless carotenoid found in tomatoes and other plant foods and is enriched in tomato consumers’ plasma and tissues. Yet, little is known about its absorption, distribution, and clearance. To study phytoene pharmacokinetics, phytoene was 13C‐biolabeled using tomato cell suspension cultures grown with uniformly‐labeled 13C‐glucose (30 g/L media) for a 7‐d 13C‐loading and 18‐d 13C‐labeling cycle to yield 290 g cells/L culture. Uniformly labeled 13C‐phytoene was the predominant isotopomer (13C40H56; ~47%), and 蠅85% carbon was 13C across the major isotopomers. 13C‐phytoene was isolated from 2.53 kg of cells by hexane/ethanol/water biphasic extraction and purified by semi‐preparatory C18 HPLC‐PDA. Two wk before test meal consumption, 4 healthy adults (2 females, 2 males, 27.7 ± 2.3 yr, BMI 22 ± 1) began a controlled phytoene diet (1‐5 mg/d) to achieve steady‐state conditions and continued this diet for 4 wk, after 13C‐phytoene consumption. On day 0, subjects consumed 3.2 mg 13C‐phytoene in 10 mL carotenoid‐free olive oil with a low‐carotenoid breakfast. Plasma samples were collected at baseline, hourly from 1‐15 h, at 17, 19, 21, and 24 h, and 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 28 d after dosing. Mean dietary phytoene intake was 2.5 ± 0.6 mg/d over 6 wk, with major dietary sources being tomato‐containing products, sweet bell peppers, and winter squash. Plasma 13C‐phytoene concentrations will be measured by HPLC‐MS/MS for pharmacokinetic analyses. Pharmacokinetic investigation of tomato phytochemicals elucidates their biological relevance and promotes development of rational dietary interventions for clinical trial investigations. NIH/NCCAM‐R21AT005166Grant Funding Source: NIH/NCCAM‐R21AT005166
Vitamin A supplementation promotes the uptake and tissue storage of vitamin A in a kinetic study of neonatal rats (645.21)
Authors: Urbanek Joanna , Tan Libo , Ross A. , Green Michael 
Published: June 2021

Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have shown that supplementing neonatal rats with a combination of vitamin A (VA) and retinoic acid increases total retinol (ROH) concentration in plasma, liver and lung. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of VA supplementation, in the absence of retinoic acid, on the metabolism and kinetics of total ROH in plasma and liver of neonatal rats. On postnatal d 4, pups (n = 103) received an oral dose of either VA (6 μg of retinyl palmitate/g of body weight) or canola oil, both containing 2.5 μCi of [3H]retinol acting as the tracer. Subsequently, pups (n = 4/group/time) were euthanized at 13 time‐points from 30 min to 24 d after dose administration. VA supplementation transiently increased total ROH concentration in plasma, due mainly to an elevation of retinyl esters, which disappeared 15 h after dosing. In the liver, total ROH concentration remained significantly elevated in the VA group until d 18 after dosing. VA also increased the amount of [3H]retinol present in the liver from d 8 to d 12 and enhanced the clearance of [3H]retinol from plasma on d 1 following dose administration. The results indicate that VA supplementation may stimulate the uptake of VA by the liver for storage during the neonatal period.Grant Funding Source: NIH HD‐066982
Breast milk carotenoid concentrations are decreased in obese mothers (645.5)
Authors: Vishwanathan Rohini , Panagos Patoula , Sen Sarbattama 
Published: June 2021

Maternal obesity has been linked with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants. We investigated the impact of maternal obesity on breast milk (BM) carotenoids. Subjects included 13 control/lean (Lc, mean BMI 21) and 9 obese (Ob, mean BMI 37) mothers who delivered healthy term babies (gestational age >37 weeks). The study was approved by Tufts Medical Center IRB and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. BM and 3‐day diet records were collected between 6 and 10 weeks postpartum. BM was analyzed using standard lipid extraction and reverse phase HPLC. Carotenoid concentrations were lower in BM from Ob compared to Lc mothers. The differences were statistically significant for lutein, α‐ and β‐carotene. Adjusting for dietary intake did not alter the significance. Lutein, along with zeaxanthin, preferentially accumulates in the macular region of the retina and may influence visual development. The provitamin A carotenoids α‐carotene and β‐carotene provide a significant source of vitamin A for the BM‐fed infant. Insufficiency of these carotenoids in BM of Ob women may affect infant neurodevelopment.

Carotenoids, nmol/L
Lc (n=13)
Ob (n=9)

Lutein
75.33 (11.7)
33.5 (5.7)*

Zeaxanthin
18.06 (3.53)
11.2 (1.71)

Cryptoxanthin
58.99 (19.34)
15.66 (3.01)

Î±‐carotene
16.6 (3.12)
4.25 (0.68)*

Î²‐carotene
118.42 (24.26)
30.22 (4.36)*

Lycopene
76.97 (17.78)
65.5 (13.26)

Values are means (SE), *P<0.05Grant Funding Source: Susan Saltonstall Grant Program, Department of Pediatrics,Tufts Medical Center