bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow separation control using a bio-inspired nose for NACA 4 and 6 series airfoils
Authors: Raj Mohamed Mohamed Arif , Yadav Rajesh , Guven Ugur 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to achieve an optimum flow separation control over the airfoil using a passive flow control method by introducing a bio-inspired nose near the leading edge of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 4 and 6 series airfoil. In addition, to find the optimised leading edge nose design for NACA 4 and 6 series airfoils for flow separation control.

Design/methodology/approach
Different bio-inspired noses that are inspired by the cetacean species have been analysed for different NACA 4 and 6 series airfoils. Bio-inspired nose with different nose length, nose depth and nose circle diameter have been analysed on airfoils with different thicknesses, camber and camber locations to understand the aerodynamic flow properties such as vortex formation, flow separation, aerodynamic efficiency and moment.

Findings
The porpoise nose design that has a leading edge with depth = 2.25% of chord, length = 0.75% of chord and nose diameter = 2% of chord, delays the flow separation and improves the aerodynamic efficiency. Average increments of 5.5% to 6° in the lift values and decrements in parasitic drag (without affecting the pitching moment) for all the NACA 4 and 6 series airfoils were observed irrespective of airfoil geometry such as different thicknesses, camber and camber location.

Research limitations/implications
The two-dimensional computational analysis is done for different NACA 4 and 6 series airfoils at low subsonic speed.

Practical implications
This design improves aerodynamic performance and increases the structural strength of the aircraft wing compared to other conventional high lift devices and flow control devices. This universal leading edge flow control device can be adapted to aircraft wings incorporated with any NACA 4 and 6 series airfoil.

Social implications
The results would be of significant interest in the fields of aircraft design and wind turbine design, lowering the cost of energy and air travel for social benefits.

Originality/value
Different bio-inspired nose designs that are inspired by the cetacean species have been analysed for NACA 4 and 6 series airfoils and universal optimum nose design (porpoise airfoil) is found for NACA 4 and 6 series airfoils.
Green behaviour and switching intention towards remanufactured products in sustainable consumers as potential earlier adopters
Authors: Perez-Castillo David , Vera-Martinez Jorge 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis study assesses how “green behaviour” influences the switching intention towards remanufactured products in sustainable consumers by introducing the possibility of an innovation diffusion approach for promotion efforts.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilises a mixed-method approach. First, a study with a non-experimental causal design was performed with 248 cell phone users characterised by exhibiting sustainable consumption behaviours. Subsequently, 13 in-depth interviews were conducted to obtain a better understanding of the switching intention.FindingsFor sustainable consumers, green purchase behaviour and attitude towards remanufactured products have a significant effect on their switching intention. These results contrast with previous literature, where it was found that price differences, government incentives and environmental benefits were significant for consumers in general.Practical implicationsSwitching intention towards remanufactured products in sustainable consumers may be encouraged by influencing factors related to green behaviour, rather than factors related to the market (e.g. reducing price, specific labelling or governmental regulations). Moreover, sustainable consumers could be regarded as the first adopters of remanufactured products.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to introduce green purchase behaviour to predict sustainable consumers' switching intention towards remanufactured products.
Stakeholders expectations for CSR-related corporate governance disclosure: evidence from a developing country
Authors: Kamal Yousuf 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore stakeholders' expectations in relation to corporate social responsibility (CSR)–related corporate governance practices. The paper aims to understand how stakeholders' expectations potentially translate into the disclosure of information about CSR-related corporate governance practices.Design/methodology/approachThe evidence for this study was collected using semi-structured in-depth personal interviews with 18 stakeholders. These include representative of multinational buying companies who source garments from Bangladesh, international as well as local NGOs, news media personnel, senior government officials, trade union leaders and social audit firm.FindingsThis paper finds evidence of stakeholders' dissatisfaction with the disclosures of governance information which tended to be viewed as limited and symbolic in nature. It also finds an apparent disconnection between stakeholder expectations and corporate disclosures.Originality/valueThis paper finds an alternative media of disclosures, for communicating social responsibility related governance information to the stakeholders, which has so far, been neglected by the social accounting researchers.
Emergent bilinguals as text designers: rendering meaning through signs
Authors: Brown Sally 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe main purpose is to investigate what resources young emergent bilinguals use to communicate a multimodal response to children’s literature. In particular, attention is paid to the ways students translanguage as part of the learning process.Design/methodology/approachAn ethnography-in-education approach was used to capture the social and cultural aspects of literacy learning in an English-only context. A multimodal transcript analysis was applied to video-recorded data as a method for examining semiotic resources and modes of learning.FindingsThe results revealed that students used technology, paper-based resources and peers to construct meaning relative to books. Experimentation or play with the affordances of the tablet computer served as avenues to determine the agentive selection of resources. As students wrestled with constructing meaning, they gathered multiple perspectives from peers and children’s literature to involve symbols and representations in their texts. Signs, multiple language forms and meaning came together for the social shaping of situated perspectives.Originality/valueThis study addresses the call for educators to engage in multiliterate, multimodal practices with young learners in the contexts of classrooms. It provides insight into the need to create multilingual learning spaces where translanguaging freely occurs and the meaningful ways early childhood learners use technology. To fully understand what emergent bilinguals know and can do, they must be afforded a variety of semiotic resources at school.
Research progress of SMR data in China and Japan
Authors: Cai Wenbin 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to make a comprehensive evaluation of the progress and achievements made by China and Japan in literature collection, publication and academic research of South Manchuria Railways Co (SMR) after the Second World War and points out the existing and urgent problems.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts the methods of literature research, questionnaire survey, comparative analysis and expert consultation.

Findings
After the Second World War, both China and Japan made great achievements in the collection, publication and research of SMR data, as well as in the academic research of SMR. However, as a new research field, there are still some problems in deepening the excavation and utilization of SMR data, expanding the research fields, improving the research methods, etc.

Originality/value
SMR itself was the product of a war of aggression. Although it died with the defeat of the war of aggression, remaining SMR data also has very precious value, it records the history of Japanese aggression against China, is the biggest database for the study of the problems in China and northeast Aisa at that time. In addition to Japan and China, the USA and the Soviet Union also kept part of the SMR data, so that to involve them in the research of SMR is also the purpose of this paper.
An identification method of cashmere and wool by the two features fusion
Authors: Zhu Yaolin , Huang Jiayi , Wu Tong , Ren Xueqin 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to select the optimal feature parameters to further improve the identification accuracy of cashmere and wool.Design/methodology/approachTo increase the accuracy, the authors put forward a method selecting optimal parameters based on the fusion of morphological feature and texture feature. The first step is to acquire the fiber diameter measured by the central axis algorithm. The second step is to acquire the optimal texture feature parameters. This step is mainly achieved by using the variance of secondary statistics of these two texture features to get four statistics and then finding the impact factors of gray level co-occurrence matrix relying on the relationship between the secondary statistic values and the pixel pitch. Finally, the five-dimensional feature vectors extracted from the sample image are fed into the fisher classifier.FindingsThe improvement of identification accuracy can be achieved by determining the optimal feature parameters and fusing two texture features. The average identification accuracy is 96.713% in this paper, which is very helpful to improve the efficiency of detector in the textile industry.Originality/valueIn this paper, a novel identification method which extracts the optimal feature parameter is proposed.
A robotic system with reinforcement learning for lower extremity hemiparesis rehabilitation
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Xu Linsen , Cheng Gaoxin , Shi Jia , Liu Jinfu , Liang Xingcan , Fan Shengyao 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a bilateral robotic system for lower extremity hemiparesis rehabilitation. The hemiplegic patients can complete rehabilitation exercise voluntarily with the assistance of the robot. The reinforcement learning is included in the robot control system, enhancing the muscle activation of the impaired limbs (ILs) efficiently with ensuring the patients’ safety.

Design/methodology/approach
A bilateral leader–follower robotic system is constructed for lower extremity hemiparesis rehabilitation, where the leader robot interacts with the healthy limb (HL) and the follow robot is worn by the IL. The therapeutic training is transferred from the HL to the IL with the assistance of the robot, and the IL follows the motion trajectory prescribed by the HL, which is called the mirror therapy. The model reference adaptive impedance control is used for the leader robot, and the reinforcement learning controller is designed for the follower robot. The reinforcement learning aims to increase the muscle activation of the IL and ensure that its motion can be mastered by the HL for safety. An asynchronous algorithm is designed by improving experience relay to run in parallel on multiple robotic platforms to reduce learning time.

Findings
Through clinical tests, the lower extremity hemiplegic patients can rehabilitate with high efficiency using the robotic system. Also, the proposed scheme outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in tracking performance, muscle activation, learning efficiency and rehabilitation efficacy.

Originality/value
Using the aimed robotic system, the lower extremity hemiplegic patients with different movement abilities can obtain better rehabilitation efficacy.
Keeping it personal while growing the business: the German Mittelstand approach
Authors: Lehrer Mark , Schmid Stefan 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
For firms that depend on personalized management as a key element of their competitive advantage, maintaining personalized management in the face of sustained growth presents a particular challenge. The purpose of this paper is to examine how firms in the Germanic Mittelstand have endeavored to “scale up” personalization.

Design/methodology/approach
Different ways of scaling up personalization are explained with examples.

Findings
The concept of personalization need not just concern customers, in contrast to conventional treatments of personalization. Mittelstand firms illustrate the scaling up of personalization to target stakeholder groups other than just customers.

Research limitations/implications
In recent years, personalization has come to refer to the customization of products to the preferences of individual customers. In contrast, a neglected but important topic is personalization of and within firms. Personalization refers to imbuing a firm with the personal qualities of individual personalities indissociable from management of the company.

Practical implications
Methods for scaling up personalization need to be truly scalable to be effective. Methods that only enable a one-time enlargement in the scope of the personalized business are liable to fail in the longer run.

Originality/value
By examining personalization as an important characteristic of small to medium-sized firms that they wish to maintain as they grow larger, this study highlights a little noticed dimension of Mittelstand growth strategies – and endeavors to bring personality back into research on “personalization.”
A phenomenological inquiry into the lived experience of adults diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) employed by the NHS
Authors: Rowe Kayte Jayne , Bailey Sarah , Teague Bonnie , Mattless Kevin , Notley Caitlin 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Approximately 3.5% of the workforce is diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). With a greater risk of work-related stress and absences, work-based social interactions and environments are significant factors. The purpose of this study was to identify the professional challenges and benefits of living with ADHD in healthcare settings.

Design/methodology/approach
Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore how employees with ADHD both experience and make sense of their employment and professional relationships. Participants self-identified from two NHS trusts and participated in semi-structured interviews.

Findings
A total of seven interviews contributed to the final analysis. A total of four themes emerged: social environment (relationships), physical environment, behaviour and work tasks. Complex interactions were observed between individuals’ internal constructs and overall employment experience.

Practical implications
The findings can be used to inform local NHS management frameworks for supporting workforce with ADHD.

Originality/value
This is a novel study that explores the psychodynamic and physical presentations of ADHD providing a unique perspective on the challenges and strengths of employees with ADHD.
On statistical indistinguishability of complete and incomplete market models
Authors: Dokuchaev Nikolai 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate possibility of statistical detection of market completeness for continuous time diffusion stock market models.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses theory of forecasting to find criteria of predictability of market parameters such as volatilities and the appreciation rates.

Findings
It is known that the market completeness is not a robust property: small random deviations of the coefficients convert a complete market model into an incomplete one. The paper shows that market incompleteness is also non-robust: for any incomplete market from a wide class of models, there exists a complete market model with arbitrarily close paths of the stock prices and the market parameters.

Originality/value
The paper results lead to a counterintuitive conclusion that the incomplete markets are indistinguishable in the terms of the market statistics.
Protirement is coming – is your organization ready?
Authors: Ringo Timothy Alan 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to outline an emerging trend that is replacing traditional retirement; this trend is called “protirement.” Protirement is defined as early retirement from professional work with the positive idea of pursuing something more fulfilling and has originated from the “blend of pro- and retirement.”

Design/methodology/approach
This paper’s approach is to define the trend of protirement and then back the idea with data and cases of where and how this is implemented by human resources (HR) organizations.

Findings
Retirement, in its traditional sense, is becoming increasingly unattainable for individuals but is also less necessary than it has been in the past. People are living longer and healthier lives, and in fact, data show that working in some meaningful and valuable manner actually increases life-span and allows more time to save for the day when one cannot work anymore.

Research limitations/implications
The findings in this paper should spark others to do more research into the area of aging workforce and new models that will leverage senior workers for the benefit of individuals, organizations and society at large.

Practical implications
HR executives and their organizations will need to drive change in the areas of recruitment (senior workers), pension planning and saving and HR policies around retirement.

Social implications
People productivity has been in decline for over 10 years now. The authors are going to need all hands on deck to help fix this and overcome the economic challenges created by the 2020 pandemic. Leveraging senior workers brings deep expertise into the workplace that could be lost otherwise, improving productivity and organization learning.

Originality/value
This paper takes an idea coined in the 1960s and brings it into the 21st century, when and where it is really needed. This long-forgotten idea is being resurrected to help deal with today’s workplace challenges.
Queue questions: Ethics of COVID‐19 vaccine prioritization
Authors: Giubilini Alberto , Savulescu Julian , Wilkinson Dominic 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of vaccines against COVID‐19 represents a huge achievement, and offers hope of ending the global pandemic. At least three COVID‐19 vaccines have been approved or are about to be approved for distribution in many countries. However, with very limited initial availability, only a minority of the population will be able to receive vaccines this winter. Urgent decisions will have to be made about who should receive priority for access. Current policy in the UK appears to take the view that those who are most vulnerable to COVID‐19 should get the vaccine first. While this is intuitively attractive, we argue that there are other possible values and criteria that need to be considered. These include both intrinsic and instrumental values. The former are numbers of lives saved, years of life saved, quality of the lives saved, quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), and possibly others including age. Instrumental values include protecting healthcare systems and other broader societal interests, which might require prioritizing key worker status and having dependants. The challenge from an ethical point of view is to strike the right balance among these values. It also depends on effectiveness of different vaccines on different population groups and on modelling around cost‐effectiveness of different strategies. It is a mistake to simply assume that prioritizing the most vulnerable is the best strategy. Although that could end up being the best approach, whether it is or not requires careful ethical and empirical analysis.
Net benefits of a mutualism: Influence of the quality of extrafloral nectar on the colony fitness of a mutualistic ant
Authors: Calixto Eduardo Soares , Lange Denise , Del‐Claro Kleber 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimExtrafloral nectar, a carbohydrate‐rich liquid, is the main plant‐based resource offered in exchange for ant protection. The positive results of this protection provided by ants are widely studied and supported; however, studies showing the benefits that ants and their colonies have from the resources offered by plants such as extrafloral nectar are scarce. Here, we evaluated how extrafloral nectar and artificial food resources with different nutrient concentration benefit short‐ and long‐term Camponotus crassus colony fitness (number and weight of individuals) and survival.MethodsWe conducted two sets of experiments: (1) in the field we attached artificial ant nests to plants with clogged and unclogged extrafloral nectaries; and (2) in the laboratory we offered artificial food resources with different carbohydrate–protein ratios to ant colonies. With these experiments, we evaluated the number and weight of queens, adult workers, pupae, larvae, and eggs, as well as the survival probability of the colonies.ResultsIn the first experiment, the short‐term provision of extrafloral nectar resulted in a larger number and weight of individuals with access to this resource. In the second experiment, regardless of time, the supply of more concentrated carbohydrate and nitrogen food increased ant colony fitness and survival. Conclusion: We provided new evidence that extrafloral nectar significantly benefits ant colonies. Our results corroborate the assertion that these relationships are reciprocally beneficial.
Visceral fat accumulation is associated with risk of diabetes in community‐dwelling Japanese older adults
Authors: Chiba Ippei , Lee Sangyoon , Bae Seongryu , Makino Keitaro , Shinkai Yohei , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

AimThe prevalence of diabetes generally increases with age, and older adults with diabetes are at a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Visceral fat accumulation is a well‐known risk factor for diabetes in middle‐aged adults, and its association with diabetes increases with age. The present study investigated the association between visceral fat and risk of diabetes in older adults that is yet to be completely elucidated.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study enrolled 2850 community‐dwelling older adults. Participants underwent abdominal bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate the visceral fat area (VFA). The risk of diabetes was assessed using the value of hemoglobin A1c according to the diagnostic criteria of diabetes. We examined the relationship of VFA and risk of diabetes, and explored the optimal cut‐off value stratified by sex.ResultsIn total, 47 of 1640 (2.9%) women and 41 of 1210 (3.4%) men had a high risk of diabetes. Higher values of VFA in units of 10 cm2 were significantly associated with a higher risk of diabetes for both women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.17; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.02–1.34) and men (aOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06–1.31) in multivariate logistic regression analysis. The cut‐off value to classify 30% of subjects into high VFA (72 cm2) had a relatively higher sensitivity of 0.660 and was significantly associated with a higher risk of diabetes for women (aOR: 3.49; 95% CI: 1.54–8.12), whereas all cut‐off values we examined had no relation in men.ConclusionsIncreases in VFA is associated with a high risk of diabetes in older adults but the optimal cut‐off value is inconclusive in men. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; ••: ••–••.