bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiral gradient echo versus cartesian turbo spin echo imaging for sagittal contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted spine MRI: an inter-individual comparison study
Authors: Sartoretti Elisabeth , Sartoretti-Schefer Sabine , van Smoorenburg Luuk , Eichenberger Barbara , Schwenk Árpád , Czell David , Alfieri Alex , Binkert Christoph , Wyss Michael , Sartoretti Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To compare a novel 3D spiral gradient echo (GRE) sequence with a conventional 2D cartesian turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence for sagittal contrast-enhanced (CE) fat-suppressed (FS) T1 weighted (T1W) spine MRI. Methods: In this inter-individual comparison study, 128 patients prospectively underwent sagittal CE FS T1W spine MRI with either a 2D cartesian TSE (“TSE”, 285 s, 64 patients) or a 3D spiral GRE sequence (“Spiral”, 93 s, 64 patients). Between both groups, patients were matched in terms of anatomical region (cervical/thoracic/lumbar spine and sacrum). Three readers used 4-point Likert scales to assess images qualitatively in terms of overall image quality, presence of artifacts, spinal cord visualization, lesion conspicuity and quality of fat suppression. Results: Spiral achieved a 67.4% scan time reduction compared to TSE. Interreader agreement was high (alpha=0.868-1). Overall image quality (4;[3,4] vs 3;[3,4], p<0.001 – p=0.002 for all readers), presence of artifacts (4;[3,4] vs 3;[3,4] p=0.027 – p=0.046 for all readers), spinal cord visualization (4;[4,4] vs 4;[3,4], p<0.001 for all readers), lesion conspicuity (4;[4,4] vs 4;[4,4], p=0.016 for all readers) and quality of fat suppression (4;[4,4] vs 4;[4,4], p=0.027 – p=0.033 for all readers), were all deemed significantly improved by all three readers on Spiral images as compared to TSE images Conclusion: We demonstrate the feasibility of a novel 3D spiral GRE sequence for improved and rapid sagittal CE FS T1W spine MRI. Advances in knowledge: A 3D spiral GRE sequence allows for improved sagittal CE FS T1W spine MRI at very short scan times.
Case Report: A gambling-related suicide in rural Malawi
Authors: Sichali Junious Mabo , Dube Albert , Kachiwanda Lackson , Wardle Heather , Crampin Amelia C , Bunn Christopher 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAs in many other countries across sub-Saharan Africa, Malawi’s commercial gambling sector has grown considerably in recent years. Driven by the widespread availability of internet through mobile devices, the industry has penetrated both urban and rural settings. In Malawi the model commonly implemented by gambling companies is similar to that used by mobile phone operators. Agents equipped with cellular devices connect to providers’ servers to place wagers for customers and print receipts using simple printers attached to their devices. This has produced lucrative returns for providers. While increasing attention is being paid to this trend, most research focusses on sports betting and there is a deficit of papers that document gambling-related harms.MethodsHere we present a narrative case report of a 16-year-old boy, ‘Wati’ (pseudonym), who lived in rural Malawi and took his own life after gambling and losing money that did not belong to him. As his community is part of a demographic surveillance site, a verbal autopsy was conducted, later supplemented with interviews with Wati’s close friend and uncle, to whom his mother referred us. We triangulated data from these three sources to create a narrative case report of Wati’s suicide and its relationship to his gambling practices.ResultsWe found that the gambling harms leading up to Wati’s suicide were recurrent, that his gambling practices were diverse (lottery, football betting, digital games and cards) and that signs of distress were apparent before his suicide.ConclusionsFrom this case report, we learn that underage individuals participate in gambling in Malawi, can develop harmful habits and that their gambling is not confined to sports betting. We also learn that there is a lack of accessible services for people who develop harmful gambling practices. Wati could have benefited from such services and they may have saved his life.
THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE AIR FLOW RATE IN FRONT OF THE RADIATOR FRONT ON THE FUEL CONSUMPTION OF THE CAR ENGINE
Authors: Kholshev Nikolai V. , Konovalov Dmitry N. , Lavrenchenko Anatoly A. 
Published: November 2021

The increase in the cost of fuel for motor vehicles causes not only the search for alternative energy sources and the use of new engine designs for cars, but also the search for ways to reduce fuel consumption in existing cars with an internal combustion engine by improving their design. The power generated by the internal combustion engine is spent not only on the drive of the driving wheels, but also on the drive of auxiliary equipment that provides the ability to operate the engine and its systems, as well as increasing the safety and comfort of movement. By reducing the power to drive the auxiliary equipment or its operating time, it is possible to reduce the fuel consumption of the engine. A mandatory element of any car equipped with an internal combustion engine is the cooling system, which in its composition contains a radiator that provides heat transfer of excess heat to the atmosphere and a fan that intensifies this process if necessary. The operating time of the fan directly affects the fuel consumption of the car engine, therefore, by reducing the operating time of the fan, you can reduce fuel consumption. This can be achieved by increasing the value of the total heat transfer coefficient through the radiator walls, which depends on the speed of air flowing through the radiator. The speed of the air flow, without increasing the power consumed by the fan, can be increased by reducing the aerodynamic resistance of the air path of the car. The theoretical assumptions supported by the analysis of previous studies need experimental confirmation and practical assessment of the amount of fuel economy when improving the air path of the car, which reduces the fan operating time.
Purpose – theoretical justification of the influence of the air flow velocity in front of the radiator front on the fuel consumption of the car engine.
Methodology the article uses a systematic approach, as well as methods of mathematical modeling.
Results: on the example of a particular car, the effect of increasing the air flow velocity in front of the radiator front on the fuel consumption of the car engine is determined.
Practical implications the results obtained can be used by organizations engaged in the development, repair and tuning of motor vehicles and their systems.
THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE: A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION ARRAYS IN WEB OF SCIENCE AND SCOPUS DATABASES
Authors: Rykova Valentina V. 
Published: November 2021

The article traces main trends of the scientific research development on the Northern Sea Route using the international database Web of Science by Clarivate Analytics and Scopus by Elsevier. Using a scientometric analysis and analytical tools of DBs, the author shows countries, institutions and organizations that study this problem, as well as funds financing them; names productive periodicals and authors with high publication activity. In conclusion, the author notes that the study of the Northern sea Route development is an urgent problem for the entire world society, not only for the northern countries.
Objective – to carry on a scientometric analysis of information arrays (IA) in the international scientific citation indices devoted to studying the Northern Sea Route development.
Methods: scientometric analysis.
Results: countries, institutions and organizations that study this problem are represented, as well as funds financing them; productive periodicals and authors with high publication activity are designated; the main research fields are revealed.
Practical implications: the study should be used as an information base for further research of scientists and specialists on various aspects of the Northern Sea Route development.
Disclosure Sentiment: Machine Learning vs. Dictionary Methods
Authors: Frankel Richard , Jennings Jared , Lee Joshua 
Published: November 2021

We compare the ability of dictionary-based and machine-learning methods to capture disclosure sentiment at 10-K filing and conference-call dates. Like Loughran and McDonald [Loughran T, McDonald B (2011) When is a liability not a liability? Textual analysis, dictionaries, and 10-Ks. J. Finance 66(1):35–65.], we use returns to assess sentiment. We find that measures based on machine learning offer a significant improvement in explanatory power over dictionary-based measures. Specifically, machine-learning measures explain returns at 10-K filing dates, whereas measures based on the Loughran and McDonald dictionary only explain returns at 10-K filing dates during the time period of their study. Moreover, at conference-call dates, machine-learning methods offer an improvement over the Loughran and McDonald dictionary method of a greater magnitude than the improvement of the Loughran and McDonald dictionary over the Harvard Psychosociological Dictionary. We further find that the random-forest-regression-tree method better captures disclosure sentiment than alternative algorithms, simplifying the application of the machine-learning approach. Overall, our results suggest that machine-learning methods offer an easily implementable, more powerful, and reliable measure of disclosure sentiment than dictionary-based methods. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
Promoting community engagement in a pre-registration nursing programme: a qualitative study of student experiences
Authors: Hodge Pam , Cooper Nora , Richardson Brian P 
Published: November 2021

Aims: To offer child health student nurses a broader learning experience in practice with an autonomous choice of a volunteer placement area. To reflect the changing nature of health care and the move of care closer to home in the placement experience. To evaluate participants' experiences. Design: This study used descriptive and interpretative methods of qualitative data collection. This successive cross-sectional data collection ran from 2017 to 2020. All data were thematically analysed using Braun and Clarke's model. Methods: Data collection strategies included two focus groups (n=14) and written reflections (n=19). Results: Students identified their increased confidence, development as a professional, wider learning and community engagement. They also appreciated the relief from formal assessment of practice and the chance to focus on the experience. Conclusion: Students positively evaluated this experience, reporting a wider understanding of health and wellbeing in the community. Consideration needs to be given to risk assessments in the areas students undertake the placements and the embedding of the experience into the overall curriculum.
Grid-based femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging for single-ended 2D velocimetry at kilohertz rates
Authors: Fisher Jordan M. , Meyer Terrence R. , Slipchenko Mikhail N. 
Published: November 2021

A novel, to the best of our
knowledge, optical
arrangement is evaluated for
performing single-shot femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging
in a 16-point grid (Grid-FLEET) with single-ended optical access. The
optical arrangement includes a diffractive optical element beam
splitter to produce a grid of laser beams in a simplified, flexible,
and efficient manner for tracer-free multi-component molecular tagging
velocimetry in a two-dimensional field. Analysis of the optical
element with respect to beam forming is described, and Grid-FLEET
measurements are evaluated relative to the precision of previously
described single-point FLEET measurements using Lagrangian tracking
for flow in a laminar jet and around a sharp corner. Utilizing a
conventional 1-kHz laser source coupled to a high-speed intensified
camera, it is also feasible to achieve measurement rates of 100 kHz or
higher by mapping the Lagrangian grid to one or more Eulerian
measurement points. The data further indicate that enhancement of the
instantaneous vector fields and spatial velocity gradients can be
analyzed to enhance the understanding of multi-dimensional flow
physics in applications in which the use of tracers may be difficult
and where multi-directional optical access may be limited.
Numerical investigation of a light delivery device using metal/insulator/metal with a 3D linear taper waveguide and an input grating for heat-assisted magnetic recording
Authors: Wongpanya Kruawan , Pijitrojana Wanchai 
Published: November 2021

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), a new technique, we believe, to overcome the
data-density limitation, uses a laser to temporarily heat a nanovolume
of a recording medium. Thus, this paper proposes a light delivery
device that uses the metal/insulator/metal waveguide with a
three-dimensional linear taper, and a grating added for an input, for
HAMR. Our structure was calculated by finite-element method
simulation. By design, 830 nm of light was delivered into a

50

n

m

2

spot area with 63% coupling
efficiency, and power intensity was enhanced 930 times. This
achievement potential could be applied to the HAMR system in the
future.
Impact of silver nanoparticle two-photon resonance on Kerr effect of organic dye solutions
Authors: Bundulis Arturs , Mikelsone Jelena , Rutkis Martins 
Published: November 2021

In this work, we studied the spectral dispersion of two-photon absorption (2PA) and the Kerr effect of core-shell silver nanoparticles (NPs) with thiol-termination ligand cladding in a dichloromethane (DCM) solution and their influence on the nonlinear optical response of 2-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-benzylidene]-indane-1,3-dione (DMABI) molecules. To study the spectral dispersion of nonlinear optical properties, we used the Z-scan method with a tunable picosecond (ps) laser with a 27.5 ps pulse duration and 1000 Hz pulse repetition rate. Measurements were carried out in a spectral range between 600 nm and 1100 nm. Four types of samples were studied: pure DCM solvent, NPs dispersed in DCM, a DMABI solution in DCM, and a DMABI/NP mixture in DCM. NP size distribution measurements showed two NP groups with average sizes of 4 and 40 nm. NPs exhibited a strong 2PA in a range of 710–900 nm. Nonlinear optical measurements of DMABI showed that the presence of NPs did not influence the 2PA of DMABI. When comparing the nonlinear refractive index values of DMABI in cases with and without NPs, a difference in signals was observed that correlated with the 2PA of NPs. Polarization-resolved Z-scan measurements showed that the reorientation contribution of the Kerr effect changed due to the presence of NPs.
Silicon substrate-integrated hollow waveguide for miniaturized optical gas sensing
Authors: Zheng Shaonan , Cai Hong , Xu Linfang , Li Nanxi , Gu Zhonghua , Zhang Yao , Chen Weiguo , Zhou Yanyan , Zhang Qingxin , Lee Lennon Yao Ting 
Published: November 2021

Gas sensors have a wide variety of applications. Among various existing gas sensing
technologies, optical gas sensors have outstanding advantages. The
development of the Internet of Things and consumer electronics has put
stringent requirements on miniaturized gas sensing technology. Here,
we demonstrate a chip-scale silicon substrate-integrated hollow
waveguide (Si-iHWG) to serve as an optical channel and gas cell in an
optical gas sensor. It is fabricated through silicon wafer etching and
wafer bonding. The Si-iHWG chip is further assembled with an off-chip
light source and detector to build a fully functional compact
nondispersive infrared (NDIR)

CO

2

sensor. The chip size is

10

mm
×
9

mm

, and the dimension of the sensor
excluding the microcontroller board is

50

mm
×
25

mm
×
16

mm

. This chip solution with compactness,
versatility, robustness, and low cost provides a cost-effective
platform for miniaturized optical sensing applications ranging from
air quality monitoring to consumer electronics.
Silicon mode-loop Mach-Zehnder modulator with L-shaped PN junction for 0.37 V·cm VπL high-efficiency modulation
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Zhou Gangqiang , Du Jiangbing , Shen Weihong , Zhou Linjie , He Zuyuan 
Published: November 2021

Optical signaling without a high voltage driver for electric-optic modulation is in high demand to reduce power consumption, packaging complexity, and cost. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a silicon mode-loop Mach–Zehnder modulator (ML-MZM) with record-high modulation efficiency. We used a mode-loop structure to recycle light twice in the phase shifter. With an L-shaped PN junction, a comparably large overlap between the PN junction and optical modes of both

TE

0

and

TE

1

was achieved to lower the driving voltage or decrease the photonic device size. Proof-of-concept high-efficiency modulation with low

V

π

L

of

0.37

V
·
cm

was obtained. Subvoltage

V

π

can be realized with a millimeter’s length phase shifter by this scheme, which makes the realization of CMOS-compatible driverless modulation highly possible. 40 Gb/s signaling with a bit error rate below the 7% forward-error-correction threshold was then demonstrated with the fabricated ML-MZM, indicating great potential for high-speed optical communication.
A retrospective study on the evaluation of the appropriateness of oral anticoagulant therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Qian Yiyi , Zhang Jiajun , Li Jiangya , Weng Zhiying 
Published: November 2021

Background
The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing, and effective anticoagulation therapy can prevent adverse events. Selecting the appropriate OAC based on patient characteristics has become a challenge. Interventions are going to be a potential area of focus.

Objectives
To explore the discrepancies between clinician prescriptions and recommended guidelines of oral anticoagulants (OACs) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and to provide direction for improving anticoagulation strategies for treating patients with AF.

Materials and methods
Data were collected from the electronic medical record system of Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital between July 2019 and January 2020. The suitability of prescribed OACs for patients with AF was assessed according to the Rules for Avoiding Prescription Inappropriateness, the prescribed medicine label, and any relevant antithrombotic guidelines for treating patients with AF.

Results
A total of 460 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 53.7% received an appropriate prescription and 46.3% received an inappropriate prescription. Of the patients who received inappropriate prescriptions, 15.4% were prescribed without the presenting appropriate indicators, 1.3% were prescribed inappropriate drug selection, and 29.6% were prescribed inappropriate drug doses. For patients prescribed without providing appropriate indicators, 2.2% had no indication for medication and 13.3% had an indication for medication, but not a specific OAC. For patients with inappropriate drug selection, 1, 5 patients were on rivaroxaban, dabigatran respectively. The distribution of NOAC doses was as follows: dabigatran standard dose (45.2%), the low dose (54.8%). Rivaroxaban standard dose (58.9%), low dose (36.8%), high dose (4.3%). A total of 44 patients (9.6%) experienced bleeding events, 12 patients (2.6%) experienced embolic events, and 7 patients experienced other adverse events after dosing.

Conclusions
In clinical practice, it is common for patients with AF to receive inappropriate prescriptions of OACs. Therefore there is a need to enhance anticoagulation management in patients with AF to improve the appropriate use of OACs.
Evaluation of the scolicidal activities of eugenol essential oil and its nanoemulsion against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts
Authors: Maurice Maria Naged , Huseein Enas Abdelhameed Mahmoud , Monib Mohamed El-Salahy M. M. , Alsharif Fahd M. , Namazi Nader Ibrahim , Ahmad Alzahraa Abdelraouf 
Published: November 2021

Background
Cystic echinococcosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus remains a serious helminthic zoonosis affecting humans and animals in many endemic developing countries. Surgical intervention is the best management choice, although it is associated with high recurrence rates and serious complications. Also, the commonly used chemotherapeutics exhibited serious side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the protoscolicidal effects of eugenol (Eug) essential oil and its nanoemulsion (Eug-NE) against protoscoleces (PCs) of hydatid cysts in vitro.

Methods
Eug-NE was prepared and characterized. Their cytotoxicity on macrophages was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. E. granulosus PCs were treated with various concentrations of Eug and Eug-NE at different exposure times. The viability of protoscoleces was evaluated by the eosin exclusion test, and the changes in the morphology of protoscoleces were assessed. Albendazole (ABZ) was used as a positive control.

Results
The cellular cytotoxicity of Eug and Eug-NE on macrophage cells, in minimum and maximum concentrations (0.2 and 1 μl/mL), were nearly negligible ranging from 4.7% to 8.3% and 3.7% to 7.2%, respectively. The results showed highly significant activity of Eug-NE and Eug against hydatid PCs compared to ABZ (P < 0.05). Eug and Eug-NE have similar protoscolicidal effects at all used concentrations. Their highest scolicidal activity (100% mortality rate) was recorded at 1 μl/ml after 30 min incubation (LC50 = 0.298—LC90 = 0.521 and LC50 = 0.309—LC90 = 0.646, respectively). Both formulations showed time- and dose-dependent effects.

Conclusions
This study suggested the potent scolicidal activities of Eug and Eug-NE as promising alternative scolicidal agents. Future studies are recommended to explore the mechanism of action and treatment response in vivo and clinical settings.
Poor compliance with school food environment guidelines in elementary schools in Northwest Mexico: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hugues Yazmín , Díaz-Zavala Rolando G. , Quizán-Plata Trinidad , Corvalán Camila , Haby Michelle M. 
Published: November 2021

Background
In Mexico, 35.5% of school-age children were overweight or obese in 2018. The school food environment is important because children spend a significant part of their time at school and consume one-third to one-half of their daily meals there. In 2014, a Federal Government guideline for the sale and distribution of food and beverages in Mexican schools was published (the AGREEMENT) but the extent of its implementation is not known.

Methods
Descriptive cross-sectional study in a representative, random sample of elementary schools, using the tools of the INFORMAS network. Data collection included: a) an interview with a school authority; b) a checklist of items available in the school canteen; c) a checklist of the school breakfast menu; and d) an evaluation of the physical environment. The main indicators were: percentage of implementation (self-report) of the AGREEMENT and percentage of compliance (researcher verified) with the AGREEMENT (based on tools b and c).

Results
119 schools participated (response rate 87.5%), with 15.1% (95%CI 9.2–22.8) of the schools reporting having fully implemented the AGREEMENT. However, only 1% (95%CI 0–5.3) of the school canteens and 71.4% (95%CI 57.8–82.7) of the school breakfast menus fully complied with the AGREEMENT. A variety of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy-dense, nutrient poor products were found in the school canteens. Further, only 43.7% of the water fountains in schools were functional and 23.4% were clean. In only 24.4% of schools had the school authorities received formal training related to the AGREEMENT and in 28.6% of schools had the parents received information about the AGREEMENT.

Conclusion
The AGREEMENT has been poorly implemented in elementary schools in Mexico. Actions are needed to encourage and support its full implementation to improve the food environment in Mexican schools.