bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nogo-A regulates myogenesis via interacting with Filamin-C
Authors: Park SunYoung , Park Ji-Hwan , Kang Un-Beom , Choi Seong-Kyoon , Elfadl Ahmed , Ullah H. M. Arif , Chung Myung-Jin , Son Ji-Yoon , Yun Hyun Ho , Park Jae-Min , Yim Jae-hyuk , Jung Seung-Jun , Kim Sang-Hyup , Choi Young-Chul , Kim Dae-Seong , Shin Jin-Hong , Park Jin-Sung , Hur Keun , Lee Sang-Han , Lee Eun-Joo , Hwang Daehee , Jeong Kyu-Shik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmong the three isoforms encoded by Rtn4, Nogo-A has been intensely investigated as a central nervous system inhibitor. Although Nogo-A expression is increased in muscles of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, its role in muscle homeostasis and regeneration is not well elucidated. In this study, we discovered a significant increase in Nogo-A expression in various muscle-related pathological conditions. Nogo−/− mice displayed dystrophic muscle structure, dysregulated muscle regeneration following injury, and altered gene expression involving lipid storage and muscle cell differentiation. We hypothesized that increased Nogo-A levels might regulate muscle regeneration. Differentiating myoblasts exhibited Nogo-A upregulation and silencing Nogo-A abrogated myoblast differentiation. Nogo-A interacted with filamin-C, suggesting a role for Nogo-A in cytoskeletal arrangement during myogenesis. In conclusion, Nogo-A maintains muscle homeostasis and integrity, and pathologically altered Nogo-A expression mediates muscle regeneration, suggesting Nogo-A as a novel target for the treatment of myopathies in clinical settings.
Sleep classification from wrist-worn accelerometer data using random forests
Authors: Sundararajan Kalaivani , Georgievska Sonja , te Lindert Bart H. W. , Gehrman Philip R. , Ramautar Jennifer , Mazzotti Diego R. , Sabia Séverine , Weedon Michael N. , van Someren Eus J. W. , Ridder Lars , Wang Jian , van Hees Vincent T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccurate and low-cost sleep measurement tools are needed in both clinical and epidemiological research. To this end, wearable accelerometers are widely used as they are both low in price and provide reasonably accurate estimates of movement. Techniques to classify sleep from the high-resolution accelerometer data primarily rely on heuristic algorithms. In this paper, we explore the potential of detecting sleep using Random forests. Models were trained using data from three different studies where 134 adult participants (70 with sleep disorder and 64 good healthy sleepers) wore an accelerometer on their wrist during a one-night polysomnography recording in the clinic. The Random forests were able to distinguish sleep-wake states with an F1 score of 73.93% on a previously unseen test set of 24 participants. Detecting when the accelerometer is not worn was also successful using machine learning ($$\hbox {F1-score} > 93.31\%$$

F1-score
>
93.31
%

), and when combined with our sleep detection models on day-time data provide a sleep estimate that is correlated with self-reported habitual nap behaviour ($$\hbox {r}=.60$$

r
=
.
60

). These Random forest models have been made open-source to aid further research. In line with literature, sleep stage classification turned out to be difficult using only accelerometer data.
National trends in cardiovascular health metrics among Iranian adults using results of three cross-sectional STEPwise approaches to surveillance surveys
Authors: Rahmani Fatemeh , Asgari Samaneh , Khalili Davood , Habibi Moeini Ali Siamak , Tohidi Maryam , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo examine the trends of 7 cardiovascular health metrics (CVH metrics) incorporate of smoking, physical activity, diet, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), and blood pressure (BP) level during three cross-sectional STEPwise approaches to surveillance (STEPS), 2007–2016, among Iranian adults. The study population consisted of 19,841 women and 17,243 men, aged 20–65 years. The CVH metrics were categorized as ‘ideal’, ‘intermediate’, and ‘poor’. The sex-stratified weighted prevalence rate of each CVH metrics was reported. The conditional probability of each poor versus combined intermediate and ideal metric was analyzed using logistic regression. In 2016 compared to 2007, the prevalence of poor BP level (20.4% vs. 23.7%), smoking (13.7% vs. 23.8%), TC ≥ 240 mg/dl (2.4% vs. 11.2%) and FPG < 100 mg/dl (75.6% vs. 82.3%) declined, whereas poor physical activity level (49.7% vs. 30%), poor healthy diet score (38.1% vs. 4.1%), BMI levels ≥ 25 kg/m2 (62.8% vs. 57.8%) increased. Despite a high prevalence of obesity among women, it remained constant in women but showed an increasing trend in men; moreover, the trends of low physical activity and current smoking were better for women. Despite some improvement in CVH metrics, < 4% of Iranian adults meet ≥ 6 CVH metrics in 2016; this issue needs intervention at the public health level using a multi-component strategy.
Coronary artery lumen complexity as a new marker for refractory symptoms in patients with vasospastic angina
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Taruya Akira , Shibata Kyosuke , Fuse Kota , Katayama Yosuke , Yokoyama Mao , Kashiwagi Manabu , Shingo Ota , Akasaka Takashi , Kato Nobuhiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRefractory angina is an independent predictor of adverse events in patients with vasospastic angina (VSA). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coronary lumen complexity and refractory symptoms in patients with VSA. Seventeen patients with VSA underwent optical coherence tomography. The patients were divided into the refractory VSA group (n = 9) and the stable VSA group (n = 8). A shoreline development index was used to assess the coronary artery lumen complexity. Shear stress was estimated using a computational fluid dynamics model. No difference was observed in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. The refractory VSA group showed the higher shoreline development index (refractory VSA 1.042 [1.017–1.188] vs stable VSA 1.003 [1.006–1.025], p = 0.036), and higher maximum medial thickness (refractory VSA 184 ± 17 μm vs stable VSA 148 ± 31 μm, p = 0.017), and higher maximum shear stress (refractory VSA 14.5 [12.1–18.8] Pa vs stable VSA 5.6 [3.0–10.5] Pa, p = 0.003). The shoreline development index positively correlates with shear stress (R2 = 0.46, P = 0.004). Increased medial thickness of the coronary arteries provokes lumen complexity and high shear stress, which might cause refractory symptoms in patients with VSA. The shoreline index could serve as a marker for irritability of the medial layer of coronary arteries and symptoms.
Environmental biodegradability of recombinant structural protein
Authors: Tachibana Yuya , Darbe Sunita , Hayashi Senri , Kudasheva Alina , Misawa Haruna , Shibata Yuka , Kasuya Ken-ichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNext generation polymers needs to be produced from renewable sources and to be converted into inorganic compounds in the natural environment at the end of life. Recombinant structural protein is a promising alternative to conventional engineering plastics due to its good thermal and mechanical properties, its production from biomass, and its potential for biodegradability. Herein, we measured the thermal and mechanical properties of the recombinant structural protein BP1 and evaluated its biodegradability. Because the thermal degradation occurs above 250 °C and the glass transition temperature is 185 °C, BP1 can be molded into sheets by a manual hot press at 150 °C and 83 MPa. The flexural strength and modulus of BP1 were 115 ± 6 MPa and 7.38 ± 0.03 GPa. These properties are superior to those of commercially available biodegradable polymers. The biodegradability of BP1 was carefully evaluated. BP1 was shown to be efficiently hydrolyzed by some isolated bacterial strains in a dispersed state. Furthermore, it was readily hydrolyzed from the solid state by three isolated proteases. The mineralization was evaluated by the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)-biodegradation testing with soil inocula. The BOD biodegradability of BP1 was 70.2 ± 6.0 after 33 days.
Modular machine learning for Alzheimer's disease classification from retinal vasculature
Authors: Tian Jianqiao , Smith Glenn , Guo Han , Liu Boya , Pan Zehua , Wang Zijie , Xiong Shuangyu , Fang Ruogu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia. The long progression period in Alzheimer's disease provides a possibility for patients to get early treatment by having routine screenings. However, current clinical diagnostic imaging tools do not meet the specific requirements for screening procedures due to high cost and limited availability. In this work, we took the initiative to evaluate the retina, especially the retinal vasculature, as an alternative for conducting screenings for dementia patients caused by Alzheimer's disease. Highly modular machine learning techniques were employed throughout the whole pipeline. Utilizing data from the UK Biobank, the pipeline achieved an average classification accuracy of 82.44%. Besides the high classification accuracy, we also added a saliency analysis to strengthen this pipeline's interpretability. The saliency analysis indicated that within retinal images, small vessels carry more information for diagnosing Alzheimer's diseases, which aligns with related studies.
Impact of improved small-scale livestock farming on human nutrition
Authors: Hossain Md. Emran , Hoque Md. Ahasanul , Giorgi Emanuele , Fournié Guillaume , Das Goutam Buddha , Henning Joerg 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicronutrient deficiencies and stunting rates are high in many low-income countries. Increasing and diversifying food intake are often challenging for small-scale farmers in lowland areas as flooding often results in crop losses and drowning of livestock. A cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted over 12-months in Bangladesh, involving 150 small-scale duck rearing households, including 50 control, and 50 households each in two intervention arms. Interventions focussing on improving duck health and duck nutrition were applied on a village level. Data analysis focussed on assessing the impact of interventions on duck mortality, sales and consumption, and on dietary diversity of household members. Improved duck rearing increased the consumption and the sales of ducks. Household selling more ducks were more likely to purchase and consume milk products, contributing to an improved households’ dietary diversity. Our results suggest that improving duck rearing can provide a suitable and sustainable alternative to maintain and improve dietary diversity of households in flood-prone areas.
Development and validation of a sequential two-step algorithm for the screening of individuals with potential polycythaemia vera
Authors: Piris-Villaespesa Miguel , Álvarez-Larrán Alberto , Saez-Marín Adolfo , Nuñez-Torrón Claudia , Muñoz-Martin Gloria , Sánchez Ricardo , del Castillo Francisco J. , Villarrubia Jesús , Lopez-Jimenez Javier , Martinez-Lopez Joaquin , Garcia-Gutierrez Valentin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn 2016, the WHO included haemoglobin values within normal ranges as a diagnostic criterion for Polycythaemia Vera (PV). Since then, concerns have arisen that a large number of patients are undergoing unnecessary screening for PV. To address this issue, we estimated the prevalence of JAK2 p.V617F in individuals with elevated haemoglobin or haematocrit and developed and validated a screening algorithm for PV. A total of 15,366 blood counts performed in seven non-consecutive days were reviewed, of which 1001 were selected for subsequent JAK2 p.V617F mutation screening. Eight (0.8%) new JAK2 p.V617F-mutated cases were detected. From ROC curves, a two-step algorithm was developed based on the optimal cut-off for the detection of the JAK2 p.V617F mutation. The algorithm was prospectively validated in an independent cohort of 15,298 blood counts. A total of 1595 (10.4%) cases met the criterion for haemoglobin or haematocrit, of whom 581 passed to step 2 (3.8% of the total). The JAK2 p.V617F mutation was detected in 7 of the 501 patients tested, which accounts for 0.04% of the total cohort and 0.4% of patients with erythrocytosis. In conclusion, this data show that our two-step algorithm improves the selection of candidates for JAK2 p.V617F testing.
Economic impacts of ambient ozone pollution on wood production in Italy
Authors: Sacchelli Sandro , Carrari Elisa , Paoletti Elena , Anav Alessandro , Hoshika Yasutomo , Sicard Pierre , Screpanti Augusto , Chirici Gherardo , Cocozza Claudia , De Marco Alessandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWorldwide, tropospheric ozone (O3) is a potential threat to wood production, but our understanding of O3 economic impacts on forests is still limited. To overcome this issue, we developed an approach for integrating O3 risk modelling and economic estimates, by using the Italian forests as a case study. Results suggested a significant impact of O3 expressed in terms of stomatal flux with an hourly threshold of uptake (Y = 1 nmol O3 m−2 leaf area s−1 to represent the detoxification capacity of trees), i.e. POD1. In 2005, the annual POD1 averaged over Italy was 20.4 mmol m−2 and the consequent potential damage ranged from 790.90 M€ to 2.85 B€ of capital value (i.e. 255–869 € ha−1, on average) depending on the interest rate. The annual damage ranged from 31.6 to 57.1 M€ (i.e. 10–17 € ha−1 per year, on average). There was also a 1.1% reduction in the profitable forest areas, i.e. with a positive Forest Expectation Value (FEV), with significant declines of the annual national wood production of firewood (− 7.5%), timber pole (− 7.4%), roundwood (− 5.0%) and paper mill (− 4.8%). Results were significantly different in the different Italian regions. We recommend our combined approach for further studies under different economic and phytoclimatic conditions.
Nocturnal blood pressure dip and parapapillary choroidal microvasculature dropout in normal-tension glaucoma
Authors: Shin Joong Won , Jo Youn Hye , Song Min Kyung , Won Hun Jae , Kook Michael S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChoroidal microvasculature dropout (CMvD) implies compromised optic nerve head perfusion in glaucoma patients. However, there are conflicting findings whether office-hour systemic blood pressure (BP) is related to the presence of CMvD. The present study investigated which systemic BP parameters, derived from 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), are associated with CMvD as assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). This study included 88 eyes of 88 NTG patients who underwent 24-h ABPM and OCT-A imaging. Various systemic BP parameters associated with the presence of CMvD were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. CMvD was detected in 38 NTG eyes (43.2%). NTG eyes with CMvD had nighttime diastolic BP (DBP) dip of greater magnitude and longer duration than eyes without CMvD. In multivariate logistic regression, worse VF mean deviation (MD) (odds ratio [OR] 0.786; P = 0.001), greater nighttime DBP dip “%” (OR 1.051; P = 0.034), and higher daytime peak IOP (OR 1.459; P = 0.013) were significantly associated with the presence of CMvD. Based on our findings that the eyes with CMvD are closely associated with having nighttime DBP dip, NTG patients with CMvD should be recommended to undergo 24-h ABPM.
Avian intestinal ultrastructure changes provide insight into the pathogenesis of enteric diseases and probiotic mode of action
Authors: Shini Shaniko , Aland R. Claire , Bryden Wayne L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEpithelial damage and loss of barrier integrity occur following intestinal infections in humans and animals. Gut health was evaluated by electron microscopy in an avian model that exposed birds to subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) and fed them a diet supplemented with the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57 (H57). Scanning electron microscopy of ileal mucosa revealed significant villus damage, including focal erosions of epithelial cells and villous atrophy, while transmission electron microscopy demonstrated severe enterocyte damage and loss of cellular integrity in NE-exposed birds. In particular, mitochondria were morphologically altered, appearing irregular in shape or swollen, and containing electron-lucent regions of matrix and damaged cristae. Apical junctional complexes between adjacent enterocytes were significantly shorter, and the adherens junction was saccular, suggesting loss of epithelial integrity in NE birds. Segmented filamentous bacteria attached to villi, which play an important role in intestinal immunity, were more numerous in birds exposed to NE. The results suggest that mitochondrial damage may be an important initiator of NE pathogenesis, while H57 maintains epithelium and improves the integrity of intestinal mucosa. Potential actions of H57 are discussed that further define the mechanisms responsible for probiotic bacteria’s role in maintaining gut health.
Environmental drivers of body size evolution in crocodile-line archosaurs
Authors: Stockdale Maximilian T. , Benton Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEver since Darwin, biologists have debated the relative roles of
external and internal drivers of large-scale evolution. The distributions and
ecology of living crocodilians are controlled by environmental factors such as
temperature. Crocodilians have a rich history, including amphibious, marine and
terrestrial forms spanning the past 247 Myr. It is uncertain whether their evolution
has been driven by extrinsic factors, such as climate change and mass extinctions,
or intrinsic factors like sexual selection and competition. Using a new phylogeny of
crocodilians and their relatives, we model evolutionary rates using phylogenetic
comparative methods. We find that body size evolution follows a punctuated, variable
rate model of evolution, consistent with environmental drivers of evolution, with
periods of stability interrupted by periods of change. Regression analyses show
warmer environmental temperatures are associated with high evolutionary rates and
large body sizes. We confirm that environmental factors played a significant role in
the evolution of crocodiles.
Gefäßzugänge bei Kindern: Technik, Komplikationen und Fallstricke beim zentralen Venenkatheter
Authors: Schindler Ehrenfried , Mikus Marian , Velten Markus 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungKinder mit komplexen Erkrankungen benötigen häufig einen zentralvenösen Katheter für die intraoperative Anwendung, zur parenteralen Ernährung, zur mehrfachen Blutentnahme und zur Verabreichung von Medikamenten. Heute gelten ultraschallbasierte Techniken als Goldstandard. In diesem Artikel werden Standardpositionen wie auch neue Alternativen vorgestellt.
Pain Alleviation and Opioid Weaning in an 80-Year-Old with Chronic Foot Pain Following Injection Therapy with Perineural Dexmedetomidine and Dexamethasone
Authors: Berger Amnon A. , Urits Ivan , Hasoon Jamal , Kaye Alan D. , Viswanath Omar , Eskander Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOpiates are routinely used for chronic pain patients, and up to 44% of them will have a prescription for an opiate medication for pain alleviation. However, of the 76 million adults prescribed opiates for pain management, about 12% report misuse, and a large number of these may find themselves addicted to opioid medications. Opioid addiction is an ongoing epidemic, costing many lives. Withdrawal is very difficult. This requires providers to consider alternative analgesic plans and minimize opiate use. Here we report the use of a dexamethasone-dexmedetomidine combination for a regional nerve block in an elderly woman chronically treated with opiate medications who had previously failed opiate weaning. Following her nerve block, she was able to completely wean off of opioids and continues having good pain control with an opioid-free regimen.
Media vs. candidates and minorities vs. majorities
Authors: Trifiro Briana , Zhang Yiyan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Despite an abundance of research dedicated to the first level agenda setting process in political elections, there is a
considerable gap within the literature regarding how the amount of media coverage granted to minority candidates – people of color and
women – influence their salience in public opinion. The current study seeks to address this gap by analyzing the effects of online coverage
of minority candidates and their subsequent performance in national polling data from June 1, 2019 to November 20, 2019. The present study
utilizes a time-series analysis to compare three information formats: Twitter accounts of major media organizations, online web mentions of
candidates from these organizations, and the candidates’ own Twitter presence. The presented findings illustrate important relationships –
specifically, where candidates of color were able to set their own agenda through their Twitter accounts as opposed to coverage that they
received from the media.
Modeling and Characterization of Aisi S-7 Steel Using the Johnson Cook Model – an Explicit Analysis
Authors: Abhinav  , Ribeiro Rahul , Jain Ranjana , Arunkumar D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
: A two dimensional, uniformly distributed grains model has been developed for AISI S-7 grade Steel and the orthogonal machining process, in the pursuit of determining the various effects of temperature rise, residual stresses, chip morphology, and strain hardening. A Johnson-Cook material model, along with a numerical, technique was used to simulate the machining process using ANSYS 15 academic license. The machining has been carried out at different velocities: 60, 70, and 80 ms-1 and with depths of cut of 2, 3, and 5 mm. Results revealed that the accumulation of tandem grains offers a maximum resistance ahead of the tool-chip interface due to the strain hardening effect, during the metal removal process. This effect leads to a maximum rise in temperature up to 912.59 °C, which has been observed in the secondary shear zone. Serrated chip flow was observed mainly at a low speed of 60 ms-1. The Strain hardening effect was more substantial at 60 ms-1 and 5 mm depth of cut compared to any other machining parameters. A great deal of discussion has been made on the above material machining process that may serve as a useful resource to the tool designer and manufacturing scientist.
Numerical study on fly ash–Cu hybrid nanofluid heat transfer characteristics
Authors: Kanti Praveen , Sharma K.V. , Ramachandra C.G. , Gurumurthy M , Raghundana Raghava B M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The current numerical study is aimed to examine the forced convection heat transfer of fly ash-Copper (80:20% by volume) water-based hybrid nanofluids flowing in a horizontal circular copper tube under a constant heat flux of 7962W/m2 using STAR CCM+ software. The volume concentrations of 0.5% and 1% are considered for the analysis within the Reynolds number range of 6900-26500. The findings show that the heat transfer coefficient and the Nusselt number of hybrid nanofluid at a concentration of 1 vol.% are increased by about 66.0% and 36.67% compared to that of water.