bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of marginal kidneys in dual kidney transplantation to expand kidney graft utilization
Authors: Stratta Robert J. , Harriman David , Gurram Venkat , Gurung Komal , Sharda Berjesh 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to chronicle the history of dual kidney transplantation (DKT) and identify opportunities to improve utilization of marginal deceased donor (MDD) kidneys through DKT.

Recent findings
The practice of DKT from adult MDDs dates back to the mid-1990s, at which time the primary indication was projected insufficient nephron mass from older donors. Multiple subsequent studies of short- and long-term success have been reported focusing on three major aspects: Identifying appropriate selection criteria/scoring systems based on pre- and postdonation factors; refining technical aspects; and analyzing longer-term outcomes. The number of adult DKTs performed in the United States has declined in the past decade and only about 60 are performed annually. For adult deceased donor kidneys meeting double allocation criteria, >60% are ultimately not transplanted. MDDs with limited renal functional capacity represent a large proportion of potential kidneys doomed to either discard or nonrecovery.

Summary
DKT may reduce organ discard and optimize the use of kidneys from MDDs. New and innovative technologies targeting ex vivo organ assessment, repair, and regeneration may have a major impact on the decision whether or not to use recovered kidneys for single or DKT.
Conducting a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis in Rehabilitation
Authors: Furlan Andrea D. , Irvin Emma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Systematic reviews are reviews of the literature using a step-by-step approach in a systematic way. Meta-analyses are systematic reviews that use statistical methods to combine the included studies to generate an effect estimate. In this article, we summarize 10 steps for conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the field of rehabilitation medicine: protocol, review team and funding, objectives and research question, literature search, study selection, risk of bias, data extraction, data analysis, reporting of results and conclusions, and publication and dissemination. There are currently 64,958 trials that contain the word “rehabilitation” in CENTRAL (the database of clinical trials in the Cochrane Library), only 1246 reviews, and 237 protocols. There is an urgent need for rehabilitation physicians to engage and conduct systematic reviews and meta-analysis of a variety of rehabilitation interventions. Systematic reviews have become the foundation of clinical practice guidelines, health technology assessments, formulary inclusion decisions and to guide funding additional research in that area.
Is There an Optimal Interval for Medal Winning Performance in World Para Powerlifting Competition?
Authors: Lopes-Silva João Paulo , Richardson Dillon , Fukuda David H. , Franchini Emerson 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the optimal interval between competitions for success in World Para Powerlifting events. A total of 1034 female (age = 34.4 ± 9.1 yrs) and 1,697 male (age = 33.7 ± 8.3 yrs) competition results from international Paralympic powerlifting events conducted between 2014 and 2020 were analyzed. Odds ratios for preparations intervals between competitive events were evaluated considering the dependent variable, earning a medal, and the independent variable, level of competition. There was an increased probability of winning a medal when the preparation interval was in the range of 22–30 wks (P = 0.004), as compared with less than 11 wks, while competing at World Cup events, whereas for World Championships and Paralympic Games, there was an increased probability of winning a medal when the interval range was 23–31 wks (P = 0.002) and 40 wks or more (P = 0.011) compared with less than 23 wks. However, there were no significant differences between preparation intervals for Regional Games/Championships. The Para Powerlifting athletes participating in the World Cup events, World Championships, and Paralympic Games share an optimal interval for success of approximately 21–31 wks and results from the World Championships and Paralympic Games, which can also be optimized with an interval of 40 wks or more.
Complete Foot Drop With Normal Electrodiagnostic Studies
Authors: Peters Blair R. , Pripotnev Stahs , Chi David , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Common peroneal neuropathy is a peripheral neuropathy of multifactorial etiology often left undiagnosed until foot drop manifests and electrodiagnostic abnormalities are detected. However, reliance on such striking symptoms and electrodiagnostic findings for diagnosis stands in contrast to other commonly treated neuropathies, such as carpal tunnel and cubital tunnel syndrome. Poor recognition of common peroneal neuropathy without foot drop or the presence of foot drop with normal electrodiagnostic studies thus often results in delayed or no surgical treatment. Our cases document 2 patients presenting with complete foot drop who had immediate resolution after decompression. The first patient presented with normal electrodiagnostic studies representing an isolated Sunderland Zero nerve ischemia. The second patient presented with severe electrodiagnostic studies but also had an immediate improvement in their foot drop representing a Sunderland VI mixed nerve injury with a significant contribution from an ongoing Sunderland Zero ischemic conduction block. In support of recent case series, these patients demonstrate that common peroneal neuropathy can present across a broad diagnostic spectrum of sensory and motor symptoms, including with normal electrodiagnostic studies. Four clinical subtypes of common peroneal neuropathy are presented, and surgical decompression may thus be indicated for these patients that lack the more conventional symptoms of common peroneal neuropathy.
Renal Resistive Index on Intensive Care Unit Admission Correlates With Tissue Hypoperfusion Indices and Predicts Clinical Outcome
Authors: Fotopoulou Georgia , Poularas Ioannis , Kokkoris Stelios , Charitidou Efstratia , Boletis Ioannis , Brountzos Elias , Benetos Athanasios , Zakynthinos Spyros , Routsi Christina 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Renal resistive index (RRI) has been used to evaluate renal blood flow. Our aim was to investigate the relation between RRI and global tissue hypoperfusion indices and their association with clinical outcome, in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods:
RRI was measured within 24 h of ICU admission. Gas exchange and routine hemodynamic variables at the time of RRI assessment were recorded. An elevated RRI was defined as >0.7. The ratio of central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference by arterial-to-central venous oxygen content difference (P(cv-a)CO2/C(a-cv)O2) and lactate were used as global tissue hypoperfusion indices.

Results:
A total of 126 patients were included [median age 61 (IQR 28) years, 74% males]. P(cv-a)CO2/C(a-cv)O2 ratio and arterial lactate were significantly higher in patients with RRI >0.7 compared with those with RRI ≤0.7 [2.88 (3.39) vs. 0.62 (0.57) mmol/L and 2.4 (2.2) vs. 1.2 (0.6)] respectively, both P < 0.001)]. RRI was significantly correlated with P(cv-a)CO2/C(a-cv)O2 ratio and arterial lactate for the whole patient population (rho = 0.64, both P < 0.0001) and for the subset of patients with shock (rho = 0.47, P = 0.001; and r = 0.64, P < 0.0001 respectively). Logistic regression models showed a significant association between RRI and P(cv-a)CO2/C(a-cv)O2 ratio with clinical outcome. The combination of RRI with P(cv-a)CO2)/(C(a-cv)O2 ratio and lactate better predicted mortality than RRI alone [AUC 84.8% (95% CI 5.1% –94.4%)] vs. [AUC 74.9% (95% CI 61%–88.8%)] respectively, P < 0.001.

Conclusions:
Renal blood flow assessed by RRI, on ICU admission, correlates with global tissue hypoperfusion indices. In addition, RRI in combination with tissue perfusion estimation better predicts clinical outcome than RRI alone.
Vestibular and auditory manifestations of migraine
Authors: Benjamin Tania , Gillard Danielle , Abouzari Mehdi , Djalilian Hamid R. , Sharon Jeffrey D. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss current literature about vestibular migraine and other cochleovestibular symptoms related to migraine.

Recent findings
Vestibular migraine affects 2.7% of the US population. Misdiagnosis is common. The pathophysiology is currently unknown but new research shows that calcitonin gene-related peptide, which is implicated in migraine headaches, is expressed in the audiovestibular periphery. A recent large-scale placebo-controlled trial looking at metoprolol for vestibular migraine was terminated early due to poor recruitment; however, at study completion, no differences were seen between treatment arms. Many other audiovestibular symptoms have been shown to be associated with migraine, including tinnitus, hearing loss, aural fullness, otalgia, and sinus symptoms. Migraine is also associated with risk for developing numerous otologic conditions, including Meniere's disease, vestibular loss, Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, and sudden sensorineural hearing loss. There is now some evidence that patients may experience fluctuating hearing loss and aural fullness without vertigo in association with migraine, which is called cochlear migraine.

Summary
Migraine can cause a variety of audiologic and vestibular symptoms, and further research is required to understand how migraine affects the inner ear.
A six-month periodic fasting reduces microalbuminuria and improves metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Sulaj Alba , Kopf Stefan , von Rauchhaupt Ekaterina , Kliemank Elisabeth , Brune Maik , Kender Zoltan , Bartl Hannelore , Cortizo Fabiola Garcia , Klepac Katarina , Han Zhe , Kumar Varun , Longo Valter , Teleman Aurelio , Okun Jürgen G. , Morgenstern Jakob , Fleming Thomas , Szendroedi Julia , Herzig Stephan , Nawroth Peter P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimNovel dietary interventions focused on fasting, have gained scientific and public attention. Periodic fasting has emerged as a dietary modification promoting beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to assess whether periodic fasting reduces albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy and determine whether a reduction in albuminuria relates to activation of nephropathy-driven pathways.MethodsForty patients with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 7.8±0.2% [62.1±2.3 mmol/mol]) and increased albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were randomized to fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) (n=21) or Mediterranean diet (n=19) for six months with three-month follow-up. Primary endpoint was the difference of the change in ACR from baseline to after six months between study groups. Subgroup analysis for patients with micro-versus macroalbuminuria at baseline was performed. Secondary endpoints comprised HOMA-IR, circulating markers of dicarbonyl detoxification (MG-H1, glyoxalase-1 and hydroxyacetone), lipid oxidation (acylcarnitines), DNA-damage/repair, (yH2Ax) and senescence (suPAR). Comparison was done by ANCOVA adjusted for age, sex, weight loss and baseline values of the respective outcome.ResultsDifference of change in ACR between FMD and control group after six months was 110.3mg/g (95% CI 99.2, 121.5mg/g; P=0.45) in all patients, -30.3mg/g (95% CI -35.7, -24.9mg/g; P≤0.05] in patients with microalbuminuria, and 434.0mg/g (95% CI 404.7, 463.4mg/g; P=0.23) in those with macroalbuminuria at baseline. FMD led to change in HOMA-IR of -3,8 (95% CI -5,6, -2.0; P≤0.05) and in suPAR of - 156.6pg/ml (95% CI -172.9, -140.4pg/ml; P≤0.05) after six months, while no change was observed in markers of dicarbonyl detoxification or DNA-damage/repair. Change in AC profile was related to patient responsiveness to ACR improvement. At follow-up only HOMA-IR reduction (−1.9 [95% CI -3.7, -0.1], P≤0.05) was sustained.ConclusionsWhen accompanied by intensive diabetes care, FMD improves microalbuminuria, HOMA-IR and suPAR levels. Lack of changes in markers of dicarbonyl detoxification and DNA-damage/repair might explain the relapse of albuminuria at follow-up.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register(Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS), DRKS-ID: DRKS00014287
Treatment-seeking for children with suspected severe malaria attending community health workers and primary health centres in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Lee Tristan T. , Omoluabi Elizabeth , Ayodeji Kazeem , Yusuf Ocheche , Okon Charles , Brunner Nina C. , Delvento Giulia , Signorell Aita , Lambiris Mark , Kwiatkowski Marek , Burri Christian , Lengeler Christian , Emedo Emmanuel , Cheshi Fatima , Hetzel Manuel W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Community Access to Rectal Artesunate for Malaria project investigated the feasibility of introducing pre-referral rectal artesunate into existing community-based health services. In that study, the case fatality rate of children visiting primary health centres (PHCs) was 19% compared to 6% in children first visiting community health workers, locally called Community Oriented Resource Persons (CORPs). As case management practices did not fully explain this finding, this publication investigates other reasons underlying the observed difference in case fatality.MethodsThe observational study enrolled 589 children under the age of five years with fever and danger signs indicative of severe malaria attending CORPs and PHCs in Adamawa State, Nigeria, between June 2018 and July 2020. After 28 days, follow-up visits were conducted with caregivers to understand background characteristics, severity of symptoms, home treatment administration, and treatment seeking practices during the child’s illness. These factors were compared between children visiting CORPs versus those visiting PHCs as their first health provider.ResultsChildren visiting PHCs were more likely to display danger signs indicative of central nervous system involvement (90% vs. 74%, p < 0.01) and have four or more danger signs (50% vs. 39%, p = 0.02). The delay between illness onset and visiting the community-based provider did not differ between children attending a CORP and children attending a PHC. PHC attendances more often lived in urban areas (16% vs 4%, p=0.01) and travelled farther to their first health provider, which was usually a community-based provider. Although practicing home treatment was common, especially among children attending PHCs (42% vs 33%, p=0.04), almost none of the children were given an antimalarial. PHCs were visited for their professionalism and experience while CORPs were visited for their low cost and because caregivers personally knew and trusted the provider.ConclusionsOur comparison of children with suspected severe malaria seeking care from two kinds of community-based health care providers in Nigeria suggest that illness severity may be the primary driver behind the observed difference in case fatality rate.
Trans-ancestry genome-wide association study identifies novel genetic mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ishigaki Kazuyoshi , Sakaue Saori , Terao Chikashi , Luo Yang , Sonehara Kyuto , Yamaguchi Kensuke , Amariuta Tiffany , Too Chun Lai , Laufer Vincent A , Scott Ian C , Viatte Sebastien , Takahashi Meiko , Ohmura Koichiro , Murasawa Akira , Hashimoto Motomu , Ito Hiromu , Hammoudeh Mohammed , Al Emadi Samar , Masri Basel K , Halabi Hussien , Badsha Humeria , Uthman Imad W , Wu Xin , Lin Li , Lin Ting , Plant Darren , Barton Anne , Orozco Gisela , Verstappen Suzanne MM , Bowes John , MacGregor Alexander J , Honda Suguru , Koido Masaru , Tomizuka Kohei , Kamatani Yoichiro , Tanaka Hiroaki , Tanaka Eiichi , Suzuki Akari , Maeda Yuichi , Yamamoto Kenichi , Miyawaki Satoru , Xie Gang , Zhang Jinyi , Amos Chris , Keystone Ed , Wolbink Gertjan , van der Horst-Bruinsma Irene , Cui Jing , Liao Katherine P , Carroll Robert J , Lee Hye-Soon , Bang So-Young , Siminovitch Katherine A , de Vries Niek , Alfredsson Lars , Rantapää-Dahlqvist Solbritt , Karlson Elizabeth W , Bae Sang-Cheol , Kimberly Robert P , Edberg Jeffrey C , Mariette Xavier , Huizinga Tom , Dieudé Philippe , Schneider Matthias , Kerick Martin , Denny Joshua C ,   The Biobank Japan Project, Matsuda Koichi , Matsuo Keitaro , Mimori Tsuneyo , Matsuda Fumihiko , Fujio Keishi , Tanaka Yoshiya , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Traylor Matthew , Lewis Cathryn M , Eyre Stephen , Xu Huji , Saxena Richa , Arayssi Thurayya , Kochi Yuta , Ikari Katsunori , Harigai Masayoshi , Gregersen Peter K , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Bridges S. Louis , Padyukov Leonid , Martin Javier , Klareskog Lars , Okada Yukinori , Raychaudhuri Soumya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTrans-ancestry genetic research promises to improve power to detect genetic signals, fine-mapping resolution, and performances of polygenic risk score (PRS). We here present a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which includes 276,020 samples of five ancestral groups. We conducted a trans-ancestry meta-analysis and identified 124 loci (P< 5 × 10-8), of which 34 were novel. Candidate genes at the novel loci suggested essential roles of the immune system (e.g.,TNIP2andTNFRSF11A) and joint tissues (e.g.,WISP1) in RA etiology. Trans-ancestry fine mapping identified putatively causal variants with biological insights (e.g.,LEF1). Moreover, PRS based on trans-ancestry GWAS outperformed PRS based on single-ancestry GWAS and had comparable performance between European and East Asian populations. Our study provides multiple insights into the etiology of RA and improves genetic predictability of RA.
Factors associated with fatal stroke in glioma patients: a population analysis
Authors: Jin Kai , Brennan Paul M , Poon Michael TC , Sudlow Cathie LM , Figueroa Jonine D 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImportanceBrain tumour patients have the highest stroke mortality rates among all cancer types, but the factors associated with fatal stroke in brain tumour remain unknown.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine to what extent brain tumour grade, a marker of biological aggressiveness, tumour size and cancer treatment each associated with stroke mortality in glioma. Gliomas include the most common malignant types of brain cancer.Design, setting, participantsA retrospective, observational cohort study using the US National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program. We identified adult patients with a primary diagnosis of malignant gliomas in 2000 to 2018 (N=72,252). The primary outcome of interest was death from cerebrovascular disease. Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using cause-specific Cox regression model to determine associations with tumour characteristics: grades II-IV, tumour size and cancer treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) associated with stroke mortality after adjustment for age, sex, race, marital status and calendar years.ResultsIn patients with glioma, increased risk for stroke mortality was observed in patients with higher grade (Grade III: aHR=1.19, 95% CI=0.88-1.61, p>0.05; Grade IV: aHR=1.94, 95% CI=1.39-2.71 compared to Grade II, p<0.001), and those with larger brain tumours (size=3-6 cm: aHR=1.93, 95%CI 1.31 -2.85, p<0.001, size>9cm: aHR=2.07, 95% CI=1.40-3.06, p<0.001 compared to size < 3cm). Having treatment was associated with decreased risk: surgery (yes VS no: aHR= 0.65; p<0.01), radiation (yes VS no: aHR= 0.66, p<0.01), chemotherapy (yes VS no: aHR=0.49, p<0.001).ConclusionsHigher grade and tumour size are strongly associated with increased stroke mortality. This implicates tumour biology and/or the systemic tumour response which require further investigation in prospective studies to determine strategies to mitigate this risk.
Epidemiology of myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA vaccines in Ontario, Canada: by vaccine product, schedule and interval
Authors: Buchan Sarah A. , Seo Chi Yon , Johnson Caitlin , Alley Sarah , Kwong Jeffrey C. , Nasreen Sharifa , Calzavara Andrew , Lu Diane , Harris Tara M. , Yu Kelly , Wilson Sarah E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImportanceIncreased rates of myocarditis/pericarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have been observed. However, little data are available related to product-specific differences, which have important programmatic impacts.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to estimate reporting rates of myocarditis/pericarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccine by product, age, sex, and dose number, as well inter-dose interval.DesignWe conducted a population-based cohort study using passive vaccine safety surveillance data. All individuals in Ontario, Canada who received at least one dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine between December 14, 2020 and September 4, 2021 were included.SettingThis study was conducted in Ontario, Canada (population: 14.7 million) using the provincial COVID-19 vaccine registry and provincial adverse events following immunization database.ParticipantsWe included all individuals with a reported episode of myocarditis/pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccine in the study period. We obtained information on all doses administered in the province to calculate reporting rates.ExposureReceipt of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273 [Moderna Spikevax] or BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty]).Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Reported rate of myocarditis/pericarditis meeting level 1-3 of the Brighton Collaboration case definitions.ResultsThere were 19,740,741 doses of mRNA vaccines administered and 297 reports of myocarditis/pericarditis meeting our inclusion criteria. Among these, 69.7% occurred following the second dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and 76.8% occurred in males. The median age of individuals with a reported event was 24 years. The highest reporting rate of myocarditis/pericarditis was observed in males aged 18-24 years following mRNA-1273 as the second dose; the rate in this age group was 5.1 (95% CI 1.9-15.5) times higher than the rate following BNT162b2 as the second dose. Overall reporting rates were higher when the inter-dose interval was shorter (i.e., ≤30 days) for both vaccine products. Among individuals who received mRNA-1273 for the second dose, rates were higher for those who had a heterologous as opposed to homologous vaccine schedule.Conclusions and RelevanceOur results suggest that vaccine product, inter-dose interval and vaccine schedule combinations may play a role in the risk of myocarditis/pericarditis, in addition to age and sex. Certain programmatic strategies could reduce the risk of myocarditis/pericarditis following mRNA vaccines.