bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced iterative particle reconstruction for Lagrangian particle tracking
Authors: Jahn Tobias , Schanz Daniel , Schröder Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe method of iterative particle reconstruction (IPR), introduced by Wieneke (Meas Sci Technol 24:024008, 2013), constitutes a major step toward Lagrangian particle tracking in densely seeded flows (Schanz et al. in Exp Fluids 57:1–27, 2016). Here we present novel approaches in several key aspects of the algorithm, which, in combination, triple the working range of IPR in terms of particle image densities. The updated method is proven to be fast, accurate and robust against image noise and other imaging artifacts. Most of the proposed changes to the original processing are easy to implement and come at low computational cost. Furthermore, a bundle adjustment scheme that simultaneously updates the 3D locations of all particles and the camera calibrations is introduced. While the particle position optimization proved to be more effective using localized ‘shake’ schemes, this so-called global shake scheme constitutes an effective measure to correct for decalibrations and vibrations, acting as an in-situ single-image volume-self-calibration. Further optimization strategies using such approaches are conceivable.
Graphic abstract
Supercutaneous locking compression plate in the treatment of infected non-union and open fracture of the leg
Authors: Janssen Stein J. , Kloen Peter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Salvage of infected tibia and fibula non-union and severe open fractures is challenging and often requires staged treatment. We describe all cases that underwent supercutaneous plating of the leg as external fixation technique and assessed union rate, time to union, rate of infection clearance, and patient-reported outcome measures.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study from a single level 1 trauma center. We included 19 patients that underwent supercutaneous plating—locking compression plate applied as external fixator—of the leg. Indications were: infected non-union of a pilon, cruris, or ankle fracture (n = 13); post-traumatic fistula draining osteomyelitis of the tibia (n = 3); infected mal-reduced subacute cruris fracture (n = 1); acute open pilon fracture (n = 1); and acute open cruris fracture (n = 1). Outcome measures were: union, time to union, infection clearance, the 36-item Short Form (SF-36) physical component summary scale (PCS) and mental component summary scale (MCS), and NRS pain scores.

Results
Union was achieved in 88% of the patients after a median of 279 days [interquartile range (IQR) 154–440]. Infection clearance was achieved in 94% of the patients. The PCS (median 51, IQR 46–56, p = 0.903) and MCS (median 57, IQR 50–60, p = 0.241) do not differ from normative population values. NRS Pain score at rest was 0 on average (IQR 0–1), 2 on average when walking (IQR 0–4), and 1 on average when climbing stairs (IQR 0–2).

Conclusion
Supercutaneous plating is a simple and reliable technical trick to bridge and stabilize a nonunion or fracture site while clearing an infection and have soft-tissues heal before subsequent definitive (internal)fixation and/or cancellous bone grafting. Reasonable union and infection clearance rates are achieved, and good functional outcome can generally be expected.

Level of evidence
Therapeutic level III.
The economic burden of obesity in Italy: a cost-of-illness study
Authors: d’Errico Margherita , Pavlova Milena , Spandonaro Federico 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a complex health disorder that significantly increases the risk of several chronic diseases, and it has been associated with a 5–20-year decrease in life expectancy. The prevalence of obesity is increasing steadily worldwide and Italy follows this trend with an increase of almost 30% in the adult obese population in the last 3 decades. Previous studies estimated that 2–4% of the total health expenditure in Europe is attributed to obesity and it is projected to double by 2050. Currently, there is a lack of sufficient knowledge on the burden of obesity in Italy and most relevant estimates are derived from international studies. The aim of this study is to estimate the direct and indirect costs of obesity in Italy, taking 2020 as the reference year.MethodsBased on data collected from the literature, a quantitative cost-of-illness (COI) study was performed from a societal perspective focussing on the adult obese population (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) in Italy.ResultsThe study indicated that the total costs attributable to obesity in Italy amounted to €13.34 billion in 2020 (95% credible interval: €8.99 billion < µ < €17.80 billion). Direct costs were €7.89 billion, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) having the highest impact on costs (€6.66 billion), followed by diabetes (€0.65 billion), cancer (€0.33 billion), and bariatric surgery (€0.24 billion). Indirect costs amounted to €5.45 billion, with almost equal contribution of absenteeism (€2.62 billion) and presenteeism (€2.83 billion).ConclusionsObesity is associated with high direct and indirect costs, and cost-effective prevention programmes are deemed fundamental to contain this public health threat in Italy.
MIKADO: a smart city KPIs assessment modeling framework
Authors: De Sanctis Martina , Iovino Ludovico , Rossi Maria Teresa , Wimmer Manuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSmart decision making plays a central role for smart city governance. It exploits data analytics approaches applied to collected data, for supporting smart cities stakeholders in understanding and effectively managing a smart city. Smart governance is performed through the management of key performance indicators (KPIs), reflecting the degree of smartness and sustainability of smart cities. Even though KPIs are gaining relevance, e.g., at European level, the existing tools for their calculation are still limited. They mainly consist in dashboards and online spreadsheets that are rigid, thus making the KPIs evolution and customization a tedious and error-prone process. In this paper, we exploit model-driven engineering (MDE) techniques, through metamodel-based domain-specific languages (DSLs), to build a framework calledMIKADO for the automatic assessment of KPIs over smart cities. In particular, the approach provides support for both: (i) domain experts, by the definition of a textual DSL for an intuitive KPIs modeling process and (ii) smart cities stakeholders, by the definition of graphical editors for smart cities modeling. Moreover, dynamic dashboards are generated to support an intuitive visualization and interpretation of the KPIs assessed by our KPIs evaluation engine. We provide evaluation results by showing a demonstration case as well as studying the scalability of the KPIs evaluation engine and the general usability of the approach with encouraging results. Moreover, the approach is open and extensible to further manage comparison among smart cities, simulations, and KPIs interrelations.
Lattice ground states for embedded-atom models in 2D and 3D
Authors: Bétermin Laurent , Friedrich Manuel , Stefanelli Ulisse 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Embedded-Atom Model (EAM) provides a phenomenological description of atomic arrangements in metallic systems. It consists of a configurational energy depending on atomic positions and featuring the interplay of two-body atomic interactions and nonlocal effects due to the corresponding electronic clouds. The purpose of this paper is to mathematically investigate the minimization of the EAM energy among lattices in two and three dimensions. We present a suite of analytical and numerical results under different reference choices for the underlying interaction potentials. In particular, Gaussian, inverse-power, and Lennard-Jones-type interactions are addressed.
A survey on presentation attack detection for automatic speaker verification systems: State-of-the-art, taxonomy, issues and future direction
Authors: Tan Choon Beng , Hijazi Mohd Hanafi Ahmad , Khamis Norazlina , Nohuddin Puteri Nor Ellyza binti , Zainol Zuraini , Coenen Frans , Gani Abdullah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe emergence of biometric technology provides enhanced security compared to the traditional identification and authentication techniques that were less efficient and secure. Despite the advantages brought by biometric technology, the existing biometric systems such as Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) systems are weak against presentation attacks. A presentation attack is a spoofing attack launched to subvert an ASV system to gain access to the system. Though numerous Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) systems were reported in the literature, a systematic survey that describes the current state of research and application is unavailable. This paper presents a systematic analysis of the state-of-the-art voice PAD systems to promote further advancement in this area. The objectives of this paper are two folds: (i) to understand the nature of recent work on PAD systems, and (ii) to identify areas that require additional research. From the survey, a taxonomy of voice PAD and the trend analysis of recent work on PAD systems were built and presented, whereby the recent and relevant articles including articles from Interspeech and ICASSP Conferences, mostly indexed by Scopus, published between 2015 and 2021 were considered. A total of 172 articles were surveyed in this work. The findings of this survey present the limitation of recent works, which include spoof-type dependent PAD. Consequently, the future direction of work on voice PAD for interested researchers is established. The findings of this survey present the limitation of recent works, which include spoof-type dependent PAD. Consequently, the future direction of work on voice PAD for interested researchers is established.
The Effect of Mindfulness-based Programs on Cognitive Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Whitfield Tim , Barnhofer Thorsten , Acabchuk Rebecca , Cohen Avi , Lee Michael , Schlosser Marco , Arenaza-Urquijo Eider M. , Böttcher Adriana , Britton Willoughby , Coll-Padros Nina , Collette Fabienne , Chételat Gaël , Dautricourt Sophie , Demnitz-King Harriet , Dumais Travis , Klimecki Olga , Meiberth Dix , Moulinet Inès , Müller Theresa , Parsons Elizabeth , Sager Lauren , Sannemann Lena , Scharf Jodi , Schild Ann-Katrin , Touron Edelweiss , Wirth Miranka , Walker Zuzana , Moitra Ethan , Lutz Antoine , Lazar Sara W. , Vago David , Marchant Natalie L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMindfulness-based programs (MBPs) are increasingly utilized to improve mental health. Interest in the putative effects of MBPs on cognitive function is also growing. This is the first meta-analysis of objective cognitive outcomes across multiple domains from randomized MBP studies of adults. Seven databases were systematically searched to January 2020. Fifty-six unique studies (n = 2,931) were included, of which 45 (n = 2,238) were synthesized using robust variance estimation meta-analysis. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses evaluated moderators. Pooling data across cognitive domains, the summary effect size for all studies favored MBPs over comparators and was small in magnitude (g = 0.15; [0.05, 0.24]). Across subgroup analyses of individual cognitive domains/subdomains, MBPs outperformed comparators for executive function (g = 0.15; [0.02, 0.27]) and working memory outcomes (g = 0.23; [0.11, 0.36]) only. Subgroup analyses identified significant effects for studies of non-clinical samples, as well as for adults aged over 60. Across all studies, MBPs outperformed inactive, but not active comparators. Limitations include the primarily unclear within-study risk of bias (only a minority of studies were considered low risk), and that statistical constraints rendered some p-values unreliable. Together, results partially corroborate the hypothesized link between mindfulness practices and cognitive performance. This review was registered with PROSPERO [CRD42018100904].
Hydrogenation of alkynyl substituted aromatics over rhodium/silica
Authors: Gregory Joseph W. , Jackson S. David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cascade reactions of phenylacetylene to ethylcyclohexane and 1-phenyl-1-propyne to propylcyclohexane were studied individually, under deuterium and competitively at 343 K and 3 barg pressure over a Rh/silica catalyst. Both systems gave similar activation energies for alkyne hydrogenation (56 ± 4 kJ mol−1 for phenylacetylene and 50 ± 4 kJ mol−1 for 1-phenyl-1-propyne). Over fresh catalyst the order of reactivity was styrene > phenylacetylene ≫ ethylbenzene. Whereas with the cascade hydrogenation starting with phenylacetylene, styrene hydrogenated much slower phenylacetylene even once all the phenylacetylene was hydrogenated. The activity of ethylbenzene was also reduced in the cascade reaction and after styrene hydrogenation. These reductions in rate were likely due to carbon laydown from phenylacetylene and styrene. Similar behavior was observed with the 1-phenyl-1-propyne cascade. Deuterium experiments revealed similar positive KIEs for phenylacetylene (2.6) and 1-phenyl-1-propyne (2.1). Ethylbenzene hydrogenation/deuteration gave a KIE of 1.6 obtained after styrene hydrogenation in contrast to the inverse KIE of 0.4 found with ethylbenzene hydrogenation/deuteration over a fresh catalyst, indicating a change in rate determining step. Competitive hydrogenation between phenylacetylene and styrene reduced the rate of phenylacetylene hydrogenation but increased selectivity to ethylbenzene suggesting a change in the flux of sub-surface hydrogen. In the competitive reaction between 1-phenyl-1-propyne and propylbenzene, the rate of hydrogenation of 1-phenyl-1-propyne was increased and the rate of alkene isomerization was decreased, likely due to an increase in the hydrogen flux for hydrogenation and a decrease in the hydrogen species active in methylstyrene isomerization.
The Need and Safety of Mineral Supplementation in Adults with Obesity Post Bariatric Surgery—Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG)
Authors: Wawrzyniak Agata , Krotki Monika 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Most of the research indicated that daily dietary intake of minerals in SG patients was lower than the current recommendations. The aim of the study was to assess the need and safety of a mineral supplementation practice in adults with obesity, at 3, 6, and 9 months post bariatric surgery—sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Methods
The study included 24 women and 6 men. Based on a 4-day food record questionnaire, mineral and calorie intake was calculated at 3, 6, and 9 months after bariatric surgery (SG). Furthermore, an interview on supplement intake was also conducted.

Results
It was found that in both men and women, there was a dietary intake deficiency of calcium (97% of respondents), potassium (97%), magnesium (83%), sodium (60%), and zinc (53%). In women, the deficiencies also included iron (50%) and copper (29%). Only 72% of the patients took dietary supplements. The applied supplementation did not adjust for the required intake of calcium in all of the patients, as well as the intake of magnesium in the male patients. Low intake of sodium and potassium were not supplemented and should be corrected by diet modification. The patients did not require supplementation of phosphorus or manganese, while male patients did not require iron or copper supplementation. The dietary and/or supplemental intake of minerals did not exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL).

Conclusion
The results of the study confirm the need to implement personalized mineral supplementation for bariatric surgery patients.

Graphical abstract
Group Agency and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: List Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this exploratory paper is to review an under-appreciated parallel between group agency and artificial intelligence. As both phenomena involve non-human goal-directed agents that can make a difference to the social world, they raise some similar moral and regulatory challenges, which require us to rethink some of our anthropocentric moral assumptions. Are humans always responsible for those entities’ actions, or could the entities bear responsibility themselves? Could the entities engage in normative reasoning? Could they even have rights and a moral status? I will tentatively defend the (increasingly widely held) view that, under certain conditions, artificial intelligent systems, like corporate entities, might qualify as responsible moral agents and as holders of limited rights and legal personhood. I will further suggest that regulators should permit the use of autonomous artificial systems in high-stakes settings only if they are engineered to function as moral (not just intentional) agents and/or there is some liability-transfer arrangement in place. I will finally raise the possibility that if artificial systems ever became phenomenally conscious, there might be a case for extending a stronger moral status to them, but argue that, as of now, this remains very hypothetical.
Intestinal microbiota and their metabolic contribution to type 2 diabetes and obesity
Authors: Cunningham A. L. , Stephens J. W. , Harris D. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are common, chronic metabolic disorders with associated significant long-term health problems at global epidemic levels. It is recognised that gut microbiota play a central role in maintaining host homeostasis and through technological advances in both animal and human models it is becoming clear that gut microbiota are heavily involved in key pathophysiological roles in the aetiology and progression of both conditions. This review will focus on current knowledge regarding microbiota interactions with short chain fatty acids, the host inflammatory response, signaling pathways, integrity of the intestinal barrier, the interaction of the gut-brain axis and the subsequent impact on the metabolic health of the host.
Modeling multi-prototype Chinese word representation learning for word similarity
Authors: Yin Fulian , Wang Yanyan , Liu Jianbo , Tosato Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe word similarity task is used to calculate the similarity of any pair of words, and is a basic technology of natural language processing (NLP). The existing method is based on word embedding, which fails to capture polysemy and is greatly influenced by the quality of the corpus. In this paper, we propose a multi-prototype Chinese word representation model (MP-CWR) for word similarity based on synonym knowledge base, including knowledge representation module and word similarity module. For the first module, we propose a dual attention to combine semantic information for jointly learning word knowledge representation. The MP-CWR model utilizes the synonyms as prior knowledge to supplement the relationship between words, which is helpful to solve the challenge of semantic expression due to insufficient data. As for the word similarity module, we propose a multi-prototype representation for each word. Then we calculate and fuse the conceptual similarity of two words to obtain the final result. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of our model on three public data sets with other baseline models. In addition, the experiments also prove the stability and scalability of our MP-CWR model under different corpora.
Clustering refinement
Authors: Iglesias Félix , Zseby Tanja , Zimek Arthur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdvanced validation of cluster analysis is expected to increase confidence and allow reliable implementations. In this work, we describe and test CluReAL, an algorithm for refining clustering irrespective of the method used in the first place. Moreover, we present ideograms that enable summarizing and properly interpreting problem spaces that have been clustered. The presented techniques are built on absolute cluster validity indices. Experiments cover a wide variety of scenarios and six of the most popular clustering techniques. Results show the potential of CluReAL for enhancing clustering and the suitability of ideograms to understand the context of the data through the lens of the cluster analysis. Refinement and interpretability are both crucial to reduce failure and increase performance control and operational awareness in unsupervised analysis.
Leveling the playing field – Kommunikationsstrategien und Ungleichheitsnarrative des linken Diskurses im Umfeld der Demokratischen Partei der USA
Authors: Rauscher Natalie , Schäfer Maren 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahrzehnten ist in den USA eine größer werdende Einkommens- und Vermögensungleichheit zu beobachten. Zusätzlich hat die Präsidentschaft Donald Trumps die Spaltung im Land weiter vertieft. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist das entscheidende Narrativ der amerikanischen Gesellschaft unter Druck geraten: DerAmerican Dream. Diese Erzählung verspricht jedem Chancengleichheit und wirtschaftlichen Aufstieg. Ein Versprechen, dass für viele Amerikaner:innen allerdings nicht mehr der Wirklichkeit entspricht. Vor allem junge Leute fordern deshalb tiefgreifende Veränderungen im politischen System und eine Umkehr der etablierten Politik. Viele dieser Wähler:innen richten sich zunehmend nach links aus und legen vermehrt Wert auf die Diskussion progressiver Themen innerhalb der Demokratischen Partei. Obwohl sich Kandidat:innen des linken Spektrums im Vorwahlkampf 2020 nur bedingt durchsetzen konnten, gehörten progressive politische Schwergewichte wie Bernie Sanders oder Elizabeth Warren lange zu den Favoriten für die Präsidentschaftskandidatur.Elizabeth Warren scheiterte im Wahlkampf, konnte jedoch bei vielen Themen Schwerpunkte setzen und trieb oftmals die Agenda voran. Deshalb lässt eine Analyse ihrer Kommunikation Rückschlüsse auf den linken Diskurs innerhalb der Demokratischen Partei der USA zu. An ihrem Beispiel zeigt dieses Papier daher, welche Ungleichheitsnarrative im (progressiven) politischen Diskurs der Vereinigten Staaten eine Rolle spielen und wie sie kommuniziert und mit Hilfe von Frames bewertet werden. Eine Korpus-gestützte Frame-Analyse zeigt beispielhaft die Verwendung zweier Frames im politischen Diskurs: Des „fairness-Frames“ und des „wealth-Frames.“ Diese heben hervor, wie stark derAmerican Dreamfür den Durchschnittsamerikaner unter Druck geraten ist und legen nahe, warum sich ein größerer Teil der amerikanischen Wählerschaft Kandidat:innen zuwenden, die strukturelle Veränderungen des amerikanischen Systems befürworten.
Parameters of Attention at Work (PAW36)—Construction of a Questionnaire
Authors: Münscher Johann-Christoph , Bürger Marcus , Herzberg Philipp Yorck 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAssessing occupational demands of attention plays a vital role in job analysis which is mandatory to assess and optimize person-job fit. In this article, we aim to contribute to this field by presenting a novel questionnaire, Parameters of Attention at Work (PAW36). It is a German job analysis tool (a yet untested English translation is provided) that enables the differentiated assessment and interpretation of thoroughly derived task-oriented parameters (attentional job characteristics). A stepwise construction, using a pretesting sample (N = 268) followed by the main study with German adults (N = 800), and cross-validation resulted in a final version of 36 items loading on seven subscales that reflect task-oriented attentional demands at work. Initial validation efforts indicate that the PAW36 questionnaire is a useful and generally applicable assessment tool—e.g., in the field of job analysis or job design—both for practitioners and researchers.