bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining disorganization in patients with first episode psychosis: Findings from a 1‐year follow‐up of the ‘Parma early psychosis’ program
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Leuci Emanuela , Maestri Davide , Quattrone Emanuela , Azzali Silvia , Paulillo Giuseppina , Pellegrini Pietro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimDisorganization has been considered as a clinical domain close to the core of psychosis. However, it has received poor attention, especially at the illness onset. Moreover, most of the studies examining disorganized symptoms have been conducted in patients with chronic psychosis and research in the early stages of illness is still relatively scarce. Thus, the aims of this study were (a) to longitudinally monitor the stability of disorganization in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) across a 1‐year follow‐up period, and (b) to investigate any relevant association of disorganized symptoms with functioning, psychopathology and the specific treatment components of an ‘early intervention in psychosis’ (EIP) program along the 1 year of follow‐up.MethodsAt baseline, 312 FEP participants (aged 12–35 years) completed the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and the global assessment of functioning (GAF). Spearman's correlations and multiple linear regression analysis were used.ResultsAt baseline, disorganization showed significant associations with all PANSS subscores, and a relevant negative correlation with GAF score. Across the follow‐up, FEP individuals showed a significant improvement in disorganization severity. This decrease was specifically related to both baseline antipsychotic dosage and the number of individual cognitive‐behavioural therapy sessions offered across the 1‐year follow‐up period.ConclusionsDisorganization is clinically relevant in FEP patients, already ate the enrollment in an EIP program. However, it tends to improve over time together with the delivery of specialized, person‐tailored FEP interventions within a specific EIP protocol.
Genital movements are not restricted to spermatozoa transfer in a haplogyne spider
Authors: Cargnelutti Franco , Calbacho‐Rosa Lucia , Peretti Alfredo Vicente 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInternally fertilized animals are characterized by the transfer of their spermatozoa during copulation. However, the duration of copulation is highly variable, which suggests that they may serve for other functions apart from spermatozoa transfer. For example, during copulation, males can stimulate the female by using genitalic movements and/or by positioning their spermatozoa adequately within the female genitalia. In the spider Holocnemus pluchei, males perform strong squeezes and torsion movements with their pedipalps (part of their genitalia actively related to copulation) inside the female genitalia and transfer their spermatozoa during Phase I of copulation. However, the exact moment in which such transfer occurs and its relation to the pedipalp movements are still unknown. Herein, we first have identified the precise moment when the spermatozoa transfer occurs during phase I and its relation to genital movements by interrupting mating couples at the beginning, at middle and at end of this phase. Subsequently, the spermatozoa number remaining in male genitalia and stored in female genitalia were counted. We detected no relation between the number of genital movements and the spermatozoa number present in both, female and male genitalia and body size. As stated above, male genital movements serve another role during copulation in addition to spermatozoa transfer in a context of post‐copulatory sexual selection; most likely, they stimulate the female in a cryptic female choice framework.
Evidence of stock connectivity, hybridization, and misidentification in white anglerfish supports the need of a genetics‐informed fisheries management framework
Authors: Aguirre‐Sarabia Imanol , Díaz‐Arce Natalia , Pereda‐Agirre Iker , Mendibil Iñaki , Urtizberea Agurtzane , Gerritsen Hans D. , Burns Finlay , Holmes Ian , Landa Jorge , Coscia Ilaria , Quincoces Iñaki , Santurtún Marina , Zanzi Antonella , Martinsohn Jann T. , Rodríguez‐Ezpeleta Naiara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding population connectivity within a species as well as potential interactions with its close relatives is crucial to define management units and to derive efficient management actions. However, although genetics can reveal mismatches between biological and management units and other relevant but hidden information such as species misidentification or hybridization, the uptake of genetic methods by the fisheries management process is far from having been consolidated. Here, we have assessed the power of genetics to better understand the population connectivity of white (Lophius piscatorius) and its interaction with its sister species, the black anglerfish (Lophius budegassa). Our analyses, based on thousands of genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, show three findings that are crucial for white anglerfish management. We found (i) that white anglerfish is likely composed of a single panmictic population throughout the Northeast Atlantic, challenging the three‐stock based management, (ii) that a fraction of specimens classified as white anglerfish using morphological characteristics are genetically identified as black anglerfish (L. budegassa), and iii) that the two Lophius species naturally hybridize leading to a population of hybrids of up to 20% in certain areas. Our results set the basics for a genetics‐informed white anglerfish assessment framework that accounts for stock connectivity, revises and establishes new diagnostic characters for Lophius species identification, and evaluates the effect of hybrids in the current and future assessments of the white anglerfish. Furthermore, our study contributes to provide additional evidence of the potentially negative consequences of ignoring genetic data for assessing fisheries resources.
The evolution of barriers to exploitation: Sometimes the Red Queen can take a break
Authors: Goodman Jonathan R. , Ewald Paul W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe propose a general barrier theory as an evolutionary framework for understanding coevolutionary effects of conflicts of interest in natural and human systems. It is generalized from the barrier theory of cancer, which describes how cancer develops through the evasion of mechanisms, that block unregulated cellular reproduction and survival. Barriers are naturally evolved or artificially implemented mechanisms for blocking exploitation; restraints are mechanisms that impede but do not block exploitation. When conflicts of interest arise, selection will favor exploiters that are capable of overcoming barriers and restraints. When barriers are in place, they halt, at least temporarily, coevolutionary arms races (the Red Queen can stop running). Barriers occur in a broad spectrum of interactions characterized by conflicts of interest: barriers to cellular survival (apoptosis) and reproduction (cell cycle arrest) may block a virus from replicating its genome through reproduction of its host cell. Vaccines may completely protect against targeted pathogens. A plant may escape herbivory by evolving defensive chemicals that block herbivory. Obligate mutualisms may evolve when barriers to horizontal transmission favor symbionts that increasingly lose mechanisms that contribute to horizontal transmission. Here, we show how the barrier theory applies across a spectrum of natural and social systems.
Requirement prioritization framework using case‐based reasoning: A mining‐based approach
Authors: Ali Sadia , Hafeez Yaser , Hussain Shariq , Yang Shunkun , Jamal Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the current era of technology and development, component‐based software development (CBSD) has been progressively implemented. Components are used in large products for multiple users with diverse viewpoints and are highly configurable to provide higher satisfaction. Components are reused because of their similar functionality to reduce complexity and ensure the correct interaction between interfaces during product development. However, implementation of component functionalities creates complications due to improper specification, prioritization of components requirements, encapsulated functionalities, and more human interaction. Furthermore, due to configurability and the involvement of multiple stakeholders, ambiguity and semantic issues arise in the behaviour of reusable components. To overcome semantic‐based specification and prioritization components' related issues, we propose a framework that uses text mining and case‐based reasoning (CBR) techniques. Results of our empirical evaluation demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly outperforms the conventional technique.
Improving estimates of the state of global fisheries depends on better data
Authors: Ovando Daniel , Hilborn Ray , Monnahan Cole , Rudd Merrill , Sharma Rishi , Thorson James T. , Rousseau Yannick , Ye Yimin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImplementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals requires assessments of the global state of fish populations. While we have reliable estimates of stock status for fish populations accounting for approximately half of recent global catch, our knowledge of the state of the majority of the world's “unassessed” fish stocks remains highly uncertain. Numerous publications have produced estimates of the global status of these unassessed fisheries, but limited quantity and quality of data along with methodological differences have produced counterintuitive and conflicting results. Here, we show that despite numerous efforts, our understanding of the status of global fish stocks remains incomplete, even when new sources of broadly available data are added. Estimates of fish populations based primarily on catch histories on average performed 25% better than a random guess. But, on average, these methods assigned fisheries to the wrong FAO status category 57% of the time. Within these broad summaries, the performance of models trained on our tested data sources varied widely across regions. Substantial improvements to estimates of the state of the world's exploited fish populations depend more on expanded collection of new information and efficient use of existing data than development of new modelling methods.
Lessons From the Field: Developing a Multisite Divorce Education Evaluation Tool
Authors: Markham Melinda Stafford , Ferraro Anthony J. , Russell Luke T. , Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Zimmermann McKenzie L. , Guyette Erin , Pippert Hilary D. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveIn this Lessons from the Field, we describe the lessons we learned from developing the Divorce Education Assessment Collaborative (DEAC) and creating a longitudinal evaluation plan for divorce education programs across geographically, programmatically, and format‐diverse programs.BackgroundAlthough divorce education programs are commonly mandated for divorcing parents, variability in program content, format, and design can make it difficult to determine the efficacy of such programs. We contend developing a standardized evaluation tool, and making it freely available to programs, is essential for identifying best practices and moderators of program effectiveness.ExperienceMembers of the DEAC share their experiences and insights regarding successes and challenges in coordinating and collaborating to develop an evaluation tool that is concise, but provides key information about program effectiveness and participants' program experiences.ConclusionIdentifying and bringing together an idea champion, invested stakeholders, and critical resources (e.g., seed funding, teleconferencing, document collaboration software) were key components in the development of an effective multisite divorce education evaluation tool.ImplicationsThe strategies used to develop the DEAC may serve as a model for collaborative projects that bridge practice and research.
Economic and health impacts of introducing Helicobacter pylori eradication strategy into national gastric cancer policy in Japan: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Kowada Akiko , Asaka Masahiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication reduces gastric cancer risk. Since 2013, a population‐wide H. pylori eradication strategy for patients with chronic gastritis has begun to prevent gastric cancer in Japan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic and health effects of H. pylori eradication strategy in national gastric cancer prevention program.Materials and MethodsWe developed a cohort state‐transition model for H. pylori eradication and no eradication over a lifetime horizon from a healthcare payer perspective, and performed one‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We targeted a hypothetical cohort of H. pylori‐positive patients aged 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80. The main outcomes were costs, quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), life expectancy life‐years (LYs), incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios, gastric cancer cases, and deaths from gastric cancer.ResultsH. pylori eradication was more effective and cost‐saving for all age groups than no eradication. Sensitivity analyses showed strong robustness of the results. From 2013‐2019 for 8.50 million patients, H. pylori eradication saved US$3.75 billion, increased 11.11 million QALYs and 0.45 million LYs, and prevented 284,188 cases and 65,060 deaths. For 35.59 million patients without eradication, H. pylori eradication has the potential to save US$14.82 billion, increase 43.10 million QALYs and 1.66 million LYs, and prevent 1,084,532 cases and 250,256 deaths.ConclusionsNational policy using population‐wide H. pylori eradication to prevent gastric cancer has significant cost savings and health impacts for young‐, middle‐, and old‐aged individuals in Japan. The findings strongly support the promotion of H. pylori eradication strategy for all age groups in high‐incidence countries.
Embodying legal precarity: Living with ongoing short‐term protection in Germany
Authors: Suerbaum Magdalena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImmigration regimes pay particular attention to the migrant’s body in the process of legal and bureaucratic inscription. Legal precarity, defined by the repeated reception of short‐term protection from deportation, is an existential and deeply embodied experience. The analysis of Schwangerschaftsduldung (temporary suspension of deportation based on pregnancy) and protection for unaccompanied minors, two legal situations in Germany, can shed light on how the migrant’s body receives centre stage in the process of legal status determination and shows how the long journey to relative legal stability deeply affects the body. The two legal categories have in common a temporal limitation and an association with bodily transformations. By centring on the legal trajectories of three migrants, this article shows how the body is taken as the marker of vulnerability and (un)deservingness and becomes the bearer of legal precarity.
Endocrine adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Walters Anthony G. B. , Braatvedt Geoffrey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly being utilised as an effective therapy for a variety of cancers. However, they have the potential to cause serious autoimmune toxicities in multiple organ systems termed ‘immunotherapy‐related adverse events’. Endocrine toxicities are common, can occur well after commencement of therapy and can result in significant morbidity and mortality if not recognised. This makes it important for all physicians, in addition to endocrinologists and oncologists, to understand the nature of these reactions and the general approach to their diagnosis and management. This review aims to provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management of the endocrine adverse events.
Renal manifestations of syphilis
Authors: Shettigar Reshma , Schollum John , Putt Tracey , Chan Ling , Lau Michael , Walker Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSyphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by spirochaete Treponema pallidum. The incidence of syphilis is rising across the globe. It has been described in the literature as a great imitator due to the vast range of clinical manifestations that can occur in the disease. Renal manifestations are rare but a feature of secondary syphilis. It can cause glomerulopathies, tubular pathology and vasculitic lesions in the kidney. Membranous nephropathy is the most commonly reported glomerular lesion associated with syphilis. With two recent cases of secondary membranous nephropathy due to syphilis, it is timely to review the current state of knowledge, and discuss the different renal manifestation of syphilis, its pathology and treatment options.
Near‐death of Australia's Medicines Safety Update
Authors: McEwen John , Boyd Ian W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Therapeutic Goods Administration has since 2013 neglected its long tradition of publishing regular bulletins and updates about medicine safety issues directed to Australian healthcare professionals. Recent publication policy is confused with information about clinically important safety issues published only in the alternative Safety Information Alerts and, unlike other comparable regulators, a failure to publish direct healthcare professional communications.
Customization in educational computer games and its effect on learning: Experimental study with primary school children
Authors: Javora Ondřej , Děchtěrenko Filip , Tetourová Tereza , Volná Kristina , Brom Cyril 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe instructional effects of customization features in child learning games have rarely been examined. This value‐added study addresses the existing gap with regards to user‐initiated cosmetic customization of environment elements (i.e., non‐avatar customization). Participants (N = 143;Mage = 9.41) studied a biological topic for about 20 min: either using the experimental version of a learning game with customization features, or from a control version without them. Null results were found as concerns between‐group differences: both for motivation‐related variables and learning outcome measures. These findings indicate that user‐initiated cosmetic customization features can be omitted by game designers, especially in settings where children are assigned specific instructional materials from which to study.
Patch test informed consent form: position statement by European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Force on Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Balato A. , Scala E. , Ayala F. , Bauer A. , Crépy M.‐N. , Gonçalo M. , Duus Johansen J. , John S.M. , Rustemeyer T. , Wagner N. , Wilkinson M. , Giménez‐Arnau A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo our knowledge, an international consensus is lacking regarding the development of an adequate informed consent form for a patch test (PT) and the information that should be included in such document.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to reach a consensus on the specific points that need to be addressed in a PT consent form.MethodsA Delphi survey, comprising 2 rounds and 1 final discussion, was used to gather and analyse data, which was conducted over the Internet. Each statement that reached a consensus with the respondents (9 expert dermatologists from Europe) was defined as a median consensus score (MED) of ≥7 and agreement among panelists as an interquartile range (IQR) of ≤3. All study participants were members of the EADV task force on contact dermatitis.ResultsThe expert panel addressed several topics that should be included in an informed consent form for a PT: introduction, preparation for PT, testing procedure, allowed activities, adverse events and additional authorizations.ConclusionsOur results assess recommendations regarding points to be contained in an informed consent form for a PR. Future actions towards standardization and harmonization of this specific consent form are needed.
Effects of floods on infrastructure users in Kenya
Authors: Njogu Humphrey Waita 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEvents associated with climate change such as floods increase outages of infrastructure services. Developing countries largely react rather than being proactive in managing the effects of floods on infrastructure. This is clearly demonstrated by inadequate level of preparedness experienced before, during, and after events of floods. This research discusses the effects of floods on infrastructure users in Kenya based on a primary study carried out in 27 counties out of 47 counties in Kenya. The research findings show that events of floods in Kenya disrupt provision of infrastructure services by damaging road networks, energy facilities, buildings, and social facilities. The study reveals Kenya spend huge amount of resources in recovery phase to address the effects of floods. The study notes that local communities play a critical role in responding and recovery from floods. The study also reveals Kenya lacks climate sensitive policies, legislation, and development plans that make reference to resilience in order to protect infrastructure against known and foreseen climate risks. The study recommends that building resilience in infrastructure to respond and withstand the effects of floods demands common vision among different stakeholders.
Efficacy and safety of rifampicin in patients with persistent hepatocellular secretory failure
Authors: Shi Mingxia , Sheng Li , Lian Min , Miao Qi , Wang Qixia , Xiao Xiao , Ma Xiong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimPersistent hepatocellular secretory failure (PHSF) is a rare condition of severe cholestasis caused by drugs, toxins, infection, or temporary biliary obstruction. Real‐world data on rifampicin in cholestasis, particularly among patients with deep jaundice, are scarce. We aimed to expand the knowledge on the efficacy and safety of rifampicin treatment in PHSF patients.MethodsSixteen patients with PHSF who had received rifampicin treatment (150–300 mg/d) at our institution from September 2016 to July 2020 were included. Treatment efficacy was assessed by 20% improvement in serum total bilirubin (TBIL) concentration at 4 weeks. Follow‐up was continued until the concentration of TBIL returned to normal.ResultsAmong the 16 enrolled patients, 12 had predisposing factors (drugs, infection, or transient biliary obstruction). ATP8B1 or ABCB11 mutations were detected in the other four patients without trigger events. UGT1A1 mutations were found in 7/10 patients. Before rifampicin treatment, the median TBIL level was 352 μmol/L (range 171–591 μmol/L). TBIL > 20% improvement was observed in 14 patients at 4 weeks. TBIL levels of 14 patients eventually returned to normal after 6–12 weeks of rifampicin treatment. The remaining two patients who did not respond to rifampicin finally recovered after nasobiliary drainage. Except for one patient with transient drug‐induced hepatitis, no other serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionsRifampicin could be a promising option for most PHSF patients. Most PHSF patients have UGT1A1 deficiency, which may be the target of rifampicin.