bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal internal nitrogen use efficiency for irrigated cotton in the southwestern United States
Authors: Bronson Kevin F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNitrogen is the most important nutrient in the production of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Field studies on N use efficiency usually focus on recovery efficiency of added N fertilizer or agronomic N use efficiency. The internal N use efficiency of N (iNUE; lint yield divided by plant N uptake) is less studied but is a key component of N fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to identify the optimum iNUE for irrigated cotton in West Texas and Arizona. Eighteen site‐years of data from N fertilizer management studies from Lubbock, TX, and Maricopa, AZ, from 2000 to 2018 were used. Lint yields with N‐fertilized plots averaged 1,535 and 1,790 kg ha–1 for West Texas and Arizona, respectively. Corresponding N uptake averaged 128 and 177 kg N ha–1 for West Texas and Arizona, reflecting average N fertilizer rates of 91 and 133 kg N ha–1. An optimum iNUE of 12.3 ± 0.5 kg lint kg plant N–1 was estimated by a linear‐plateau model of lint yields vs. total N uptake. Optimum iNUE corresponded to 1,800 kg lint ha–1 yield and 146 ± 5 kg N ha–1 plant uptake. Nitrogen uptake by cotton plants greater than this was theoretically luxury uptake. Updated data on optimum iNUE can feed directly into improving current N fertilizer recommendations based on pre‐plant soil NO3 tests. In turn, this can translate to greater profits for cotton producers in the southwestern United States and the reduction in export of N from irrigated cotton fields.
Recent advances in the pathophysiology of PIEZO1‐related hereditary xerocytosis
Authors: Jankovsky Nicolas , Caulier Alexis , Demagny Julien , Guitton Corinne , Djordjevic Stefan , Lebon Delphine , Ouled‐Haddou Hakim , Picard Véronique , Garçon Loïc 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHereditary xerocytosis is a rare red blood cell disease related to gain‐of‐function mutations in the FAM38A gene, encoding PIEZO1, in 90% of cases; PIEZO1 is a broadly expressed mechano‐transducer that plays a major role in many cell systems and tissues that respond to mechanical stress. In erythrocytes, PIEZO1 adapts the intracellular ionic content and cell hydration status to the mechanical constraints induced by the environment. Until recently, the pathophysiology of hereditary xerocytosis was mainly believed to be based on the “PIEZO1‐Gardos channel axis” in erythrocytes, according to which PIEZO1‐activating mutations induce a calcium influx that secondarily activates the Gardos channel, leading to potassium and water efflux and subsequently to red blood cell dehydration. However, recent studies have demonstrated additional roles for PIEZO1 during early erythropoiesis and reticulocyte maturation, as well as roles in other tissues and cells such as lymphatic vessels, hepatocytes, macrophages and platelets that may affect the pathophysiology of the disease. These findings, presented and discussed in this review, broaden our understanding of hereditary xerocytosis beyond that of primarily being a red blood cell disease and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Hypotrichosis‐lymphedema‐telangiectasia syndrome: Report of ileal atresia associated with a SOX18 de novo pathogenic variant and review of the phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Coulie Richard , Niyazov Dmitriy M. , Gambello Michael J. , Fastré Elodie , Brouillard Pascal , Vikkula Miikka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHypotrichosis‐lymphedema‐telangiectasia syndrome (HLTS) is a rare condition caused by pathogenic variants in the SOX18 gene. SOX18 plays a key role in angio‐ and lymphangiogenesis due to its expression in venous endothelial cells from which the lymphatic system develops. It is also expressed in embryonic hair follicles, heart, and vascular smooth muscle cells. The main clinical symptoms of HLTS include sparse hair, alopecia totalis, lymphedema, most often affecting lower limbs, and telangiectatic lesions. Only 10 patients with a SOX18 pathogenic variant have been described that presented with additional features such as hydrocele, renal failure, arterial or pulmonary hypertension, aortic dilatation, and facial dysmorphism. Here, we summarize these phenotypic variations and report an additional HLTS patient, with a 14‐nucleotide de novo duplication in SOX18 and congenital ileal atresia, a feature not previously associated with HLTS.
On‐Surface Synthesis of Giant Conjugated Macrocycles
Authors: Fan Cunrui , Sun Bangjin , Li Zhanbo , Shi Jiwei , Lin Tao , Fan Jian , Shi Ziliang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe have achieved an on‐surface synthesis of giant conjugated macrocycles having a diameter of ≈7 nm and consisting of up to 30 subunits. The synthesis started with a debrominative coupling of the molecular precursors on a hot Ag(111) surface, leading to the formation of arched oligomeric chains and macrocycles. These products were revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy in combination with density functional theory to be covalent oligomers. These intermediates also display C–Ag organometallic bonds between parallel molecular subunits due to site‐selective debromination and the asymmetric molecular conformation. Subsequent cyclodehydrogenation at higher temperatures steered the final conjugation of the macrocycles. Our findings provide a novel design strategy toward π‐conjugated macrocycles and open up new opportunities for the precise synthesis of organic nanostructures.
Physical Separation of H2 Activation from Hydrogenation Chemistry Reveals the Specific Role of Secondary Metal Catalysts
Authors: Kurimoto Aiko , Jansonius Ryan P. , Huang Aoxue , Marelli Antonio M. , Dvorak David J. , Hunt Camden , Berlinguette Curtis P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn electrocatalytic palladium membrane reactor (ePMR) uses electricity and water to drive hydrogenation without H2 gas. The device contains a palladium membrane to physically separate the formation of reactive hydrogen atoms from hydrogenation of the unsaturated organic substrate. This separation provides an opportunity to independently measure the hydrogenation reaction at a surface without any competing H2 activation or proton reduction chemistry. We took advantage of this feature to test how different metal catalysts coated on the palladium membrane affect the rates of hydrogenation of C=O and C=C bonds. Hydrogenation occurs at the secondary metal catalyst and not the underlying palladium membrane. These secondary catalysts also serve to accelerate the reaction and draw a higher flux of hydrogen through the membrane. These results reveal insights into hydrogenation chemistry that would be challenging using thermal or electrochemical hydrogenation experiments.
Graphene oxide‐carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel beads for uptake and release study of doxorubicin
Authors: Ayucitra Aning , Angkawijaya Artik Elisa , Ju Yi‐Hsu , Gunarto Chintya , Go Alchris Woo , Ismadji Suryadi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO)‐based hydrogel beads were synthesized by physical crosslinking of GO with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to produce a pH‐sensitive drug carrier with selective drug‐release properties. Four different GO/CMC composite hydrogel beads (GCB) were prepared with GO oxidized at 30°C and 5q0°C with varying GO loading 1 or 5 mg/ml. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized GO and its composite beads were provided in this work. A mild oxidation temperature of 50°C produce GO‐50 with satisfactory oxidation degree as shown by intensity ratio of D and G bands (ID/IG) and carbon to oxygen (C/O) ratios of 0.991 and 1.94, respectively. The highest loading capacity of doxorubicin (DOX) was 4.2494 mg/g for GCB synthesized from GO‐50 with dispersion concentration of 5 mg/ml (GCB‐50.5), corresponding to its abundant oxygen‐containing functional groups. The release profile of DOX also confirmed its strong pH‐sensitive behavior. The in vitro cytotoxicity tests on 7F2 cells by MTT assay revealed that GCBs have a higher percentage of viability than that of their GO precursors due to the incorporation of CMC into the beads. The prepared hydrogel beads thus can potentially be used as an effective and viable DOX carrier.
Atomically Dispersed Pd Atoms on a Simple MgO Support with an Ultralow Loading for Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene to Ethylene
Authors: Qin Chao , Guo Qing , Guo Jianping , Chen Ping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report a simple and efficient Pd/MgO catalyst loaded with ppm level of Pd (7.8 ppm) for semi‐hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene. The catalyst showed excellent performance with high acetylene conversion (97%), high ethylene selectivity (89%) and good stability. Moreover, the atomically dispersed Pd atoms are inactive for ethylene hydrogenation. Isotopic and FTIR results suggest that H2 dissociates at isolated Pd atoms in a heterolytic manner forming O−H bond, which may account for the high selectivity.
Can we expect contribution from environmental, social, governance performance to sustainable development?
Authors: Tanjung Miranda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work is among the first studies to review the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) ESG Leaders Index in Asian countries and other emerging markets, such as Brazil, China, and Russia. The relationships among gross domestic product (GDP), human development index (HDI), and a set of key indicators are the fundamental argument of this study. By applying 2SLS estimation from 2010 to 2018, this research examines the connection between environmental, social, governance (ESG) index, GDP growth, and HDI from nine countries as rated in the MSCI ESG Index. The objective is to test whether the index can be efficiently utilized to justify the notion that the adoption of ESG principles can positively influence sustainable development and inclusive growth. The post estimations reveal close relationships between the ESG index and GDP growth. However, the index is not an effective instrument for measuring the connection between HDI‐ESG because it has not yet had a direct effect on HDI. With this result, the index can be utilized to measure the connections with and investments made by countries and corporations for sustainable development.
Testing social identity models of collective action in an Iranian environmental movement
Authors: Keshavarzi Saeed , McGarty Craig , Khajehnoori Bijan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) and the encapsulation model of the social identity of collective action (EMSICA) are well‐known models that have been applied to protest action. The current study tests the predictive value of the core constructs in the models (social identification, perceived injustice and group efficacy) in a peaceful pro‐environmental program. Specifically, we sought to answer whether the two models provide equally good accounts of (self‐reported) past participation and of intended participation. To do so, we conducted a survey of 382 participants of a sustained environmental collective action program (Nature Cleaners) in Iran. Our findings underlined the important role of social identification in predicting environmental action. The results also showed that SIMCA was more relevant for intentions to participate, whereas paths specified by EMSICA better predicted past participation. The results provide a demonstration of the applicability of collective action models to the domain of pro‐environmental action in the Iranian cultural context where collective action is rarely studied. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of studying collective action in a wider range of situations and contexts.
Nitrogen‐Neutral Amino Acids Refinery: Deamination of Amino Acids for Bio‐Alcohol and Ammonia Production
Authors: Choi Kwon‐Young 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmino acids are a valuable bioresource that contains both the acid form of carbon and the amine group of nitrogen. Amino acids not only constitute proteins and the building blocks for living organisms but also provide a key intermediate for controlling the nitrogen balance in cells. The production of amino acids using microorganisms has, along with the development of biotechnology, created a large market for biochemicals. In parallel, there have been various biochemical production methods using pulmonary proteins or direct amino acids as biomass through enzymatic bioconversion or whole‐cell biotransformation. The deamination of amino acids facilitated the applications of 2‐keto and acrylic acids, in particular, for biofuels of bio alcohol, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, as building blocks for polymers, and other versatile industrial chemicals. In this review, we report on the application of amino acids derived from biochemicals initiated by deamination reactions using deaminase, ammonia‐lyase, and oxidase enzymes for biotechnology applications.
A survey of twin‐row cropping systems in North Carolina
Authors: Tilley M. Scott , Jordan David L. , Heiniger Ronnie W. , Vann Rachel , Crozier Carl R. , Gatiboni Luke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwin‐row (TR) cropping systems have maintained a presence in North Carolina (NC) for more than 30 years. Introduced as an alternative to the single‐row (SR) configuration, it is hypothesized individual plants arranged 7‐ to 9‐inches apart see a decrease in plant‐to‐plant competition. However, the success of TR remains elusive. Only a handful of farmers across NC have been able to increase yield through the implementation of TR. As higher yields are achieved in research using SR, the use of TR is becoming less attractive to growers looking to modernize. In order to understand future trends, two surveys were administered across the state of NC with the following objectives: (a) identify standard production practices used such as row spacing, TR spacing, starter fertilizer placement, and layby application methods, (b) evaluate grower testimonies concerning observed plant stress under diverse environmental conditions, and (c) identify the successes and limitations observed with TR production. Of the 461 farmers surveyed in the general survey, 42% stated they are planting on narrow (30 inch or less) SR with 58% still planting on 36‐inch or greater row spacing. Within the 58%, 148 farmers stated they are considering a transition from wide (>30 inches) to narrow row systems. One hundred and twenty farmers said they would remain on wide SR. In time, 74% of growers will potentially be planting on narrow rows. Twenty‐eight TR farmers (6%) were identified. Two of the 28 twin‐row growers stated they would be reverting back to single‐row production.
Eichhornia crassipes as biosorbent for industrial wastewater treatment: Equilibrium and kinetic studies
Authors: Prasad Rajnikant , Sharma Dayanand , Yadav Kunwar D. , Ibrahim Hussameldin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdsorption is an economical and widely used technique for removing dye from wastewater, especially for non‐biodegradable pollutants. In this study, the effectiveness of water hyacinth (WH) as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) was conducted in a batch process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize WH. The influence of operational parameters such as dye concentration, pH, WH dose, and contact time was studied to determine the most favourable experimental conditions. Dubinin Radushkevich, Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin isotherms were used to fit the equilibrium data for mechanistic understating of the adsorption process. It was found that Freundlich isotherm had the best fit for equilibrium adsorption data with the highest correlation coefficient value (R2 = 0.996). The kinetic data of adsorption showed R2 = 0.99, following the pseudo‐second‐order model for a dye concentration of 50–200 mg L−1. The results also showed that the maximum removal was obtained at pH of 8, dye concentration of 200 mg L−1, with an equilibrium time of 90 min, and an adsorbent dose of 3 g L−1. The Temkin isotherm equilibrium binding constant (AT) = 11.00 L g−1 and heat of adsorption of 53.08 J mol−1 suggest physical adsorption. The investigation uncovered WH as a productive and efficient adsorbent for the expulsion of MB from wastewater.
Quantitative Estimates for Regular Lagrangian Flows withBVVector Fields
Authors: Nguyen Quoc‐Hung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the study of flows associated to non‐smooth vector fields. We prove the well‐posedness of regular Lagrangian flows associated to vector fieldsB = (B1, …, Bd) ∈ L1(ℝ+; L1(ℝd) + L∞(ℝd))satisfyingbj ∈ L1(ℝ+, BV(ℝd))anddiv(B) ∈ L1(ℝ+; L∞(ℝd))ford,m ≥ 2, whereare singular kernels inℝd. Moreover, we also show that there exist an autonomous vector‐fieldB ∈ L1(ℝ2) + L∞(ℝ2)and singular kernels, singular Radon measuresμijkinℝ2satisfyingin distributional sense for somem ≥ 2and fork,i = 1, 2such that regular Lagrangian flows associated to vector fieldBare not unique. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Influence of Synthesis Temperature on the Phases Developed and Optical Properties of Manganese Sulfide and Zinc Sulfide
Authors: Heiba Zein K. , Mohamed Mohamed Bakr , Farag Noura M. , Ahmed Sameh. I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNano MnS and ZnS samples are prepared through a simple thermolysis procedure. The effect of synthesis temperature on the different phases formed and their percentages, and on the lattice parameters and crystallite size of MnS and ZnS is examined using Rietveld analysis for X‐ray diffraction patterns. The minimum synthesis temperature at which MnS can be formed by the present simple procedure is 250 °C, while ZnS can be prepared at a lower temperature of 200 °C. For manganese sulfide, traces of Mn3O4 phase appear at 300 °C and increase with temperature, while ZnS resists oxidation until 500 °C; pure ZnO forms at 700 °C. The MnS and ZnS samples, obtained at all temperatures, are found to be biphasic; cubic and hexagonal. The nano nature of the samples and the particle morphology are investigated by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy is applied to follow the characteristic vibration bands in both systems. The values of the different energy gaps depend on the crystallite size, phases’ percentages, and the preparation temperature. The photoluminescence intensity and the emitted colors from MnS and ZnS depend on the synthesis temperature.
Impact of maternal engrafted cytomegalovirus‐specific CD8+ T cells in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Koh June‐Young , Lee Sang‐Bo , Kim Borahm , Park Younhee , Choi Jong Rak , Son Sohee , Kim Yae‐Jean , Hahn Seung Min , Ahn Jong Gyun , Kang Ji‐Man , Shin Eui‐Cheol 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), the immune system often fails to eradicate maternal cells that enter the foetus via the placenta, resulting in transplacental maternal engraftment (TME) syndrome. However, the clinical significance of TME has not been comprehensively elucidated.MethodsHere, we describe a patient with SCID with a novel frameshift IL2RG mutation associated with maternal engrafted CD8+ T cells that had been expanded by viral infection. To evaluate the origin of the expanded T cells, we HLA‐typed the myeloid and T cells of the patient and analysed the immunological characteristics of the expanded CD8+ T cells using T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and flow cytometry analysis.ResultsIn our patient, the maternal engrafted CD8+ T cells expanded and exerted in vitro antiviral function against human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection before and after haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). After haploidentical HCT from the maternal donor, maternal engrafted CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells were maintained, successfully proliferated and activated against CMV. We found no evidence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease or infectious complications other than recurrent episodes of CMV viraemia, which were well controlled by ganciclovir and, possibly by, the maternal engrafted CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells.ConclusionOur findings elucidate a possible functional role of TME in controlling CMV infection in patient with SCID and suggest an optimal strategy for donor selection in patients with SCID with TME.
Energy aware tree‐based sink relocation routing protocol to improve the lifetime of wireless sensor networks
Authors: A Keerthika , V Berlin Hency 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn wireless sensor network (WSN), the design of routing protocols focuses mainly on the energy efficiency based on the application of the network. Over the past years, researchers developed many solutions to protract the life expectancy of the network by reducing the consumption of energy by each node. One of the main approaches is the usage of sink in mobility; this reduces the hotspot problem and energy consumption. Aiming at this problem, the paper proposes a new routing algorithm which supports the sink mobility with energy aware tree‐based sink relocation routing protocol (TBSR) using adaptive fuzzy decision‐making approach (AF‐MADM). In TBSR, a self ‐organized routing tree is formed, which reduces the consumption of energy. In the beginning, the clustering process is employed using fuzzy possibilistic C‐means (FPCM) algorithm. Further, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) with multiplicative exponential weighting model is developed for optimal decision making to select the root node. Then the selected root node creates a routing tree based on the distance and energy of the sensor nodes. Then each node uses its cluster information and the distance of the neighbors to select the parent node. For relocating the sink node, the proposed protocol calculates the energy along with hop count and path capacity. These methods make TBSR an energetic and analogous protocol. Results show that the proposed TBSR improves on the energy consumption and the lifetime of the network compared with existing protocols. The simulation is carried out in OMNET++ platform.