bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of access to different legume pastures on performance and welfare of broiler chickens during dry season under tropical environment
Authors: Oke Oyegunle Emmanuel , Akande Janet O. , Sodipo Ibukunoluwa D. , Ekunseitan Deji A. , Rahman Samson A. , Smith Olusiji F. , Onagbesan Okanlawon M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere have been a plethora of studies on the effects of access to runs on chickens’ welfare and behavioural repertoire with a paucity of information on the comparative advantage of various legume pasture and deep litter system. A total of 200‐day‐old unsexed Marshall Broiler chicks were weighed and assigned randomly into five experimental groups, viz. deep litter without access to run (DL), deep litter with access to Stylosanthes hamata (SH), Stylosanthes guanensis (SG), Mucuna pruriens (MP) and free run (FR) during dry season. Each treatment had 4 replicates of 10 birds. Data were collected on growth performance, behaviour, tonic immobility (TI), gait score and blood parameters. The data obtained were subjected to One‐Way Analysis of Variance in a Completely Randomized Design. Results showed that the final body weight of birds in SH was significantly higher (p ˂ .05) than those of SH, MP, FR and DL which were comparable. The feed intake of the birds of DL, SH and FR was higher than those of the other treatment groups. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the birds on legume pastures was lower than those without access to pasture. The birds of SH, SG and MP spent higher (p ˂ .05) time drinking, preening, dust‐bathing, spot pecking and walking standing behaviours while those in DL and FR spent more (p ˂ .05) time feeding. Generally, the gait score of the birds on the different legume pastures was similar but better than those without access to pasture. Tonic immobility of the DL birds was longer than that of FR whose duration was longer than those of the birds on the pastures. The study concluded that access to different legume pastures, particularly Stylosanthes hamata, improved the welfare of broiler chickens without adverse effect on the performance of the birds.
Treatment of hazardous wastewater generated from metal finishing and electro‐coating industry via self‐coagulation: Case study
Authors: Abou‐Elela Sohair I. , Fawzy Mariam E. , El‐Shafai Saber A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to find out a sustainable and cost‐effective solution to manage hazardous shock loads from metal finishing and electro‐coating industry. Results indicated that the main sources of hazardous wastewater are coming from batch chemical cleaning of degreasing basin (CCDB) (pH 13) and contains very hazardous chemicals, batch chemical cleaning of phosphating basin (CCPB) (pH 1.03) and contains high concentrations of iron (2300 mg/L) and zinc (2400 mg/L) and degreasing basin contents (DBC). Different treatment approaches were investigated. Results indicated that mixing CCDB with CCPB at their actual discharge allowed to form a self‐coagulant of metal hydroxide which was utilized to treat the (DBC) followed by sedimentation. Removal efficiency of COD (87%), TSS (94%), and oil and grease (92%) were achieved. To compare the efficiency of this treatment approach, conventional chemical coagulation of DBC was carried out using FeCl3 but the amount was very high. In conclusion, results proved the advantage of using self‐coagulation to treat DBC since it eliminates the use of external chemicals and provides an integrated solution for the three main sources of hazardous pollutants.Practitioner points

The manuscript provide an innovative and sustainable solution to the shock loads of hazardous wastewater generated from metal finishing and E‐coating industry by utilizing iron‐rich wastewater from chemical cleaning of phosphating basin and alkaline wastewater from chemical cleaning of degreasing basin to produce metal hydroxide.
The metal hydroxide was cost‐effective and technically effectively than external coagulant in treating highly polluted degreasing basin content at due discharge time.
Iron‐rich wastewater could be used to produce self‐coagulant of iron hydroxide.
Mixing iron rich wastewater and alkaline wastewater produce iron hydroxide.
Iron hydroxide is cost‐effective in treating hazardous wastewater of degreasing basin.
Synthesis of NHC Complexes with an N‐(2‐Oxopropyl) Group
Authors: Hervé Alexandre , Jahnke Mareike C. , Hahn F. Ekkehardt 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe unsymmetrically N,N’‐substituted NHC precursor N‐(2‐oxopropyl),N’‐picolylbenzimidazolium chloride (H‐1)Cl, featuring an N‐protecting group has been prepared. Reaction of (H‐1)Cl with Ag2O followed by transmetallation of the NHC to [MCl2(Cp*)]2 (M=Rh, Ir) yielded complexes [MCl(Cp*)(κ2‐1)]Cl (M=Rh, [2]Cl; M=Ir, [3]Cl) with a chelating coordinated CNHC
Npyridine ligand. Anion exchange gave complexes [2]BF4 (M=Rh) and [3]BF4 (M=Ir). Transmetallation of the NHC ligand from silver(I) to gold(I) gave the mononuclear complex [AuCl(1)] [4] bearing a monodentate, N‐picoly funtionalized NHC ligand. Complex [4] reacts with AgBF4 to yield the dinuclear complex [5](BF4)2 featuring two bridging μ2‐CNHC
Npyridine ligands. The molecular structures of [2]BF4 ⋅ CH2Cl2 and [3]BF4 ⋅ CH2Cl2 have been determined by X‐ray diffraction studies.
Social Support
Authors: Drageset Jorunn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocial support by our social network proves to be important for our health. The opposite of good social support is loneliness. First and foremost, it seems that social support includes emotional support, belonging in a social community, being valued, practical help, and information and guidance. Social support represents a vital salutogenic resource for individuals’ mental health.This chapter explains the concept of social support in relation with other concepts of specific relevance, such as coping and quality of life. In a health-promoting perspective, this chapter presents the concept of social support and its theoretical basis. A brief description of questionnaires assessing social support is provided, as well as a brief summary of evidence demonstrating the salutogenic potential of social support, both as a preventive and a health-promoting resource.
Self-Efficacy in a Nursing Context
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Lopez Violeta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSelf-efficacy is one of the most ubiquitous term found in social, psychological, counselling, education, clinical and health literatures. The purpose of this chapter is to describe and evaluate self-efficacy theory and the studies most relevant to the nursing context. This chapter provides an overview of the development of self-efficacy theory, its five components and the role of self-efficacy in promoting emotional and behavioural changes in a person’s life with health problems. This chapter also discusses the role of self-efficacy in nursing interventions by providing examples of studies conducted in health promotion in patients and academic performance of nursing students.
Health Promotion Among Families Having a Newborn Baby
Authors: Shorey Shefaly 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period are the stressful transition periods to parenthood. With medicalization of perinatal period, parents feel left out and less confident in their parenthood journey, which may pose serious threats to the family dynamics. Salutogenesis theory offers the potential to influence a shift away from negative health outlooks and outcomes, medicalization of childbirth, toward health promotion and positive well-being focus for maternity care services design and delivery in the future.
Health Promotion and Self-Management Among Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Jiang Ying , Wang Wenru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeart failure is a chronic and complex clinical syndrome. It is one of the common causes of hospitalization and readmission among the older population. Patient self-management is essential to maintaining health and avoiding disruption of life caused by frequent hospitalizations. However, many patients lack self-care skills. This chapter provides a review on evidence for the importance of self-management and strategies to educate patients and promote self-care while living with the limitations on physical function.
The Ethics of Health Promotion: From Public Health to Health Care
Authors: Solberg Berge 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHealth promotion is often been associated with altering social arrangement in order to improve the health of citizens—the domain of public health. Ethical aspects of health promotion then is generally discussed in terms of a public health ethics. In this chapter, I start out with some classical ethical and political dilemmas of health promotion in public health before I move into the ethics of health promotion in health care. I argue that empowerment, better than any other value, may serve as the ethical foundation for health promotion in health care. I further claim that empowerment may serve as the ethical bridge between health promotion in health care and health promotion in public health.
Hope: A Health Promotion Resource
Authors: Rustøen Tone 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHope is a phenomenon many nurses and patients are concerned about. One of the reasons for this interest may be that many patients today live with chronic illnesses, and hope is something positive and focuses on the future and opportunities. Hope is a way of feeling, thinking, and influencing one’s behavior. The way we view our health and health-related challenges are assumed to impact on hope. Hope is forward-looking, realistic, and multidimensional. It is a resource for health and health-promoting processes and can be considered a salutogenic resource and construct. This chapter highlights what hope means during illness, what research has so far been concerned with, how hope can be assessed, and how nurses can strengthen hope in patients.
Ist-Situation der Landnutzung in Deutschland
Authors: Hoymann Jana , Baum Sarah , Elsasser Peter , Dechow Rene , Gutsch Martin , Fick Johanna 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie für die Landnutzung in Deutschland prägenden politischen, agrar- und forstökonomischen sowie gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen werden aufgezeigt. Nach einer Beschreibung der Flächennutzung wird ein Überblick über die Treibhausgas-Emissionen in Deutschland gegeben, um die sektoralen landnutzungsinduzierten Treibhausgas-Emissionen einzuordnen.
Gesellschaftliche Bewertung der Landnutzungsstrategien
Authors: Elsasser Peter , Grabski-Kieron Ulrike , Hellmich Meike , Hirschfeld Jesko , Raabe Mathias , Rajmis Sandra , Sagebiel Julian , Siebert Rosemaire , Steinführer Annett , Steinhäußer Reimund , Weller Priska 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Konzept der Ökosystemleistungen wird genutzt, um die verschiedenen Effekte von Landnutzungsänderungen systematisch zu erfassen und monetär zu bewerten. Eine Bewertung der in Kapitel 4 erarbeiteten Maßnahmen und Strategien der Landnutzung erfolgt auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse einer umfangreichen Befragung im Rahmen einer erweiterten Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse. Die Bewertung erfolgt für landwirtschaftliche sowie für forstwirtschaftliche Ökosystemleistungen. Darüber hinaus wurden die Rahmensetzungen des Umwelt- und Planungsrechts, die Anreizsetzungen verschiedener Förderpolitiken sowie die Einflüsse privater und öffentlicher Akteure und Institutionen untersucht. Es wurden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, diese Regelungs- und Steuerungssysteme der Landnutzung anzupassen und weiterzuentwickeln, um den Herausforderungen des Klimaschutzes und der Klimaanpassung sektorspezifisch und sektorübergreifend begegnen zu können. Mit Landnutzung befasste gesellschaftliche Akteure wurden im Forschungsprozess, für die Validierung von Zwischenergebnissen und die Praxisrelevanz der zu erzielenden Ergebnisse kontinuierlich im Projekt beteiligt. Die Ergebnisse dieses Prozesses, die Beteiligung und inhaltlichen Anregungen der Stakeholder werden dargestellt und methodische Fragen reflektiert.
Zusammenfassende Schlussbetrachtung
Authors: Gömann Horst , Fick Johanna 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Integration eines verstärkten Klimaschutzes in die Landnutzung verursacht mehr oder minder ausgeprägte Nutzungskonflikte. Die Ergebnisse der modell-gestützten Maßnahmenwirkungsanalysen sowie die Darstellung, Einordnung und gesellschaftliche Bewertung dieser Nutzungskonflikte geben Anhaltspunkte zur Einschätzung der jeweiligen Einsparpotenziale für Treibhausgas-Emissionen und den damit verbundenen Kosten, die wichtige Faktoren für die Bewertung von Maßnahmen und Maßnahmenbündeln (Strategien) sind. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen für die Sektoren Siedlung und Verkehr sowie Landwirtschaft werden zusammengeführt, eingeordnet und bewertet.
Aufgabenstellung
Authors: Kladroba Andreas , Buchmann Tobias , Friz Katharina , Lange Marcel , Wolf Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungNicht nur unterschiedliche Interessenlagen bezüglich einer Messung von FuE und Innovation geben einen kleinen Vorgeschmack auf die Komplexität des Themas. Auch die Fragestellungen können extrem unterschiedlich sein. Dieses Kapitel beschreibt Interessenlagen und Fragestellungen und führt in das Thema ein.
Betriebliche Einflussfaktoren auf Forschung und Entwicklung sowie Innovation
Authors: Kladroba Andreas , Buchmann Tobias , Friz Katharina , Lange Marcel , Wolf Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird die Frage behandelt, welche Einflussfaktoren ein Unternehmen dazu bewegen, Forschung zu betreiben oder eben auch nicht In Form von Steckbriefen werden die wichtigsten Eigenschaften beschrieben, wobei die Steckbriefe die Ansätze des Frascati- und des Oslo-Handbuchs aufgreifen.
Indikatorensets
Authors: Kladroba Andreas , Buchmann Tobias , Friz Katharina , Lange Marcel , Wolf Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der Komplexität des Themas bietet es sich an, eine multidimensionale Betrachtung durchzuführen und verschiedene Kriterien zu berücksichtigen. Deshalb werden in diesem Kapitel Indikatorensets betrachtet und deren wichtigste Eigenschaften und Anwendungsgebiete in Form von Steckbriefen beschrieben.
Publikationen
Authors: Kladroba Andreas , Buchmann Tobias , Friz Katharina , Lange Marcel , Wolf Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird das Zählen von Veröffentlichungen in unterschiedlichen Formen als Indikator für die Quantität wissenschaftlicher Leistungen herangezogen. In Form von Steckbriefen werden die wichtigsten Eigenschaften und Anwendungsgebiete der Indikatoren beschrieben.
Patente
Authors: Kladroba Andreas , Buchmann Tobias , Friz Katharina , Lange Marcel , Wolf Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel zieht Patente als Indikator für den FuE-Output heran. Sie messen den Erfolg des FuE-Prozesses und sind daher sowohl quantitativ als auch qualitativ interpretierbar. Allerdings sind sie aufgrund der zwingenden wirtschaftlichen Verwertbarkeit eher für den Unternehmenssektor relevant. Hochschulen und Forschungsinstitute melden zwar in Einzelfällen auch Patente an, allerdings ist hier der Anteil der noch nicht ökonomisch verwertbaren Grundlagenforschung sehr viel höher als bei den Unternehmen. In Form von Steckbriefen werden die wichtigsten Eigenschaften und Anwendungsgebiete der Indikatoren beschrieben.
The exact WKB for cosmological particle production
Authors: Enomoto Seishi , Matsuda Tomohiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Bogoliubov transformation in cosmological particle production can be explained by the Stokes phenomena of the corresponding ordinary differential equation. The calculation becomes very simple as far as the solution is described by a special function. Otherwise, the calculation requires more tactics, where the Exact WKB (EWKB) may be a powerful tool. Using the EWKB, we discuss cosmological particle production focusing on the effect of more general interaction and classical scattering. The classical scattering appears when the corresponding scattering problem of the Schrödinger equation develops classical turning points on the trajectory. The higher process of fermionic preheating is also discussed using the Landau-Zener model.
Plate fixation of the anterior pelvic ring in patients with fragility fractures of the pelvis
Authors: Herteleer Michiel , Boudissa Mehdi , Hofmann Alexander , Wagner Daniel , Rommens Pol Maria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP), fractures of the posterior pelvic ring are nearly always combined with fractures of the anterior pelvic ring. When a surgical stabilization of the posterior pelvis is performed, a stabilization of the anterior pelvis is recommended as well. In this study, we aim at finding out whether conventional plate osteosynthesis is a valid option in patients with osteoporotic bone.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical charts and radiographs of all patients with a FFP, who underwent a plate osteosynthesis of the anterior pelvic ring between 2009 and 2019. Patient demographics, fracture characteristics, properties of the osteosynthesis, complications and revision surgeries were documented. Single plate osteosynthesis (SPO) at the pelvic brim was compared with double plate osteosynthesis (DPO) with one plate at the pelvic brim and one plate anteriorly. We hypothesized that the number and severity of screw loosening (SL) or plate breakage in DPO are lower than in SPO.Results48 patients with a mean age of 76.8 years were reviewed. In 37 cases, SPO was performed, in 11 cases DPO. Eight out of 11 DPO were performed in patients with FFP type III or FFP type IV. We performed significantly more DPO when the instability was located at the level of the pubic symphysis (p = 0.025). More patients with a chronic FFP (surgery more than one month after diagnosis) were treated with DPO (p = 0.07). Infra-acetabular screws were more often inserted in DPO (p = 0.056). Screw loosening (SL) was seen in the superior plate in 45% of patients. There was no SL in the anterior plate. There was SL in 19 of 37 patients with SPO and in 3 of 11 patients with DPO (p = 0.16). SL was localized near to the pubic symphysis in 19 of 22 patients after SPO and in all three patients after DPO. There was no SL in DPO within the first month postoperatively. We performed revision osteosynthesis in six patients (6/48), all belonged to the SPO group (6/37). The presence of a bone defect, unilateral or bilateral anterior pelvic ring fracture, post-operative weight-bearing restrictions, osteosynthesis of the posterior pelvic ring, and the presence of infra- or supra-acetabular screws did not significantly influence screw loosening in SPO or DPO.ConclusionThere is a high rate of SL in plate fixation of the anterior pelvic ring in FFP. In the vast majority, SL is located near to the pubic symphysis. DPO is associated with a lower rate of SL, less severe SL and a later onset of SL. Revision surgery is less likely in DPO. In FFP, we recommend DPO instead of SPO for fixation of fractures of the anterior pelvic ring, which are located in or near to the pubic symphysis.
OctylPhenol (OP) Alone and in Combination with NonylPhenol (NP) Alters the Structure and the Function of Thyroid Gland of the Lizard Podarcis siculus
Authors: Sciarrillo Rosaria , Di Lorenzo Mariana , Valiante Salvatore , Rosati Luigi , De Falco Maria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Different environmental contaminants disturb the thyroid system at many levels. AlkylPhenols (APs), by-products of microbial degradation of AlkylPhenol Polyethoxylates (APEOs), constitute an important class of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), the two most often used environmental APs being 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on the thyroid gland of the bioindicator Podarcis siculus of OP alone and in combination with NP. We used radioimmunoassay to determine their effects on plasma 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), 3,3′,5,5′-L-thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) levels in adult male lizards. We also investigated the impacts of AP treatments on hepatic 5′ORD (type II) deiodinase and hepatic content of T3 and T4. After OP and OP + NP administration, TRH levels increased, whereas TSH, T3, and T4 levels decreased. Lizards treated with OP and OP + NP had a higher concentration of T3 in the liver and 5′ORD (type II) activity, whereas T4 concentrations were lower than that observed in the control group. Moreover, histological examination showed that the volume of the thyroid follicles became smaller in treated lizards suggesting that that thyroid follicular epithelial cells were not functionally active following treatment. This data collectively suggest a severe interference with hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis and a systemic imbalance of thyroid hormones.

Graphic Abstract
Re-appraisal of the obesity paradox in heart failure: a meta-analysis of individual data
Authors: Marcks Nick , Aimo Alberto , Januzzi James L. , Vergaro Giuseppe , Clerico Aldo , Latini Roberto , Meessen Jennifer , Anand Inder S. , Cohn Jay N. , Gravning Jørgen , Ueland Thor , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Lupón Josep , de Boer Rudolf A. , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Takeishi Yasuchika , Egstrup Michael , Gustafsson Ida , Gaggin Hanna K. , Eggers Kai M. , Huber Kurt , Tentzeris Ioannis , Ripoli Andrea , Passino Claudio , Sanders-van Wijk Sandra , Emdin Michele , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with better outcome compared with normal weight in patients with HF and other chronic diseases. It remains uncertain whether the apparent protective role of obesity relates to the absence of comorbidities. Therefore, we investigated the effect of BMI on outcome in younger patients without co-morbidities as compared to older patients with co-morbidities in a large heart failure (HF) population.

Methods
In an individual patient data analysis from pooled cohorts, 5,819 patients with chronic HF and data available on BMI, co-morbidities and outcome were analysed. Patients were divided into four groups based on BMI (i.e. ≤ 18.5 kg/m2, 18.5–25.0 kg/m2; 25.0–30.0 kg/m2; 30.0 kg/m2). Primary endpoints included all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization-free survival.

Results
Mean age was 65 ± 12 years, with a majority of males (78%), ischaemic HF and HF with reduced ejection fraction. Frequency of all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization was significantly worse in the lowest two BMI groups as compared to the other two groups; however, this effect was only seen in patients older than 75 years or having at least one relevant co-morbidity, and not in younger patients with HF only. After including medications and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin concentrations into the model, the prognostic impact of BMI was largely absent even in the elderly group with co-morbidity.

Conclusions
The present study suggests that obesity is a marker of less advanced disease, but does not have an independent protective effect in patients with chronic HF.

Graphic abstract
Categories of BMI are only predictive of poor outcome in patients aged > 75 years or with at least one co-morbidity (bottom), but not in those aged < 75 years without co-morbidities (top). The prognostic effect largely disappears in multivariable analyses even for the former group. These findings question the protective effect of obesity in chronic heart failure (HF).