bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing, Implementing, and Learning From a Student-Led Initiative to Support Minority Students in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Girolamo Teresa M. , Ghali Samantha 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The Student Equity & Inclusion Workgroup is a student-led initiative at The University of Kansas that aims to advance equity and inclusion. Within this structure, the workgroup is entirely student-led and independent of any institutional initiatives. It has developed three themes— recognizing minority student leadership, ensuring equitable access to opportunities, and meaningfully supporting students—and used those themes to develop comprehensive programming in research, institutional advocacy, mentorship, and fellowship. Research initiatives included creating research opportunities for minority students by developing independent research projects. Institutional advocacy initiatives focused on policy change and developing a uniquely situated network of allies at and beyond the university. Mentorship centered student-to-student transmission of knowledge, skills, and support. Fellowship entailed creating opportunities for community building and recognition of minority student excellence.

Conclusions
Student-led initiatives such as those of the workgroup may be an effective way of supporting minority students in communication sciences and disorders. Institutions endeavoring to advance equity and inclusion should consider empowering students through facilitation of self-directed development, using institutional supports to support minority students on their terms, and recognizing students as capable partners in rethinking equity and inclusion.
Evaluating the Influence of Targeted Air Flow on Sound Pressure Level and Closed Quotient
Authors: Hammer Michael J. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Measures of estimated subglottal air pressure and translaryngeal air flow enable the researcher or clinician to noninvasively assess aerodynamic features related to respiratory and phonatory function. Our goal was to examine the unique relationship between air flow with sound pressure level (SPL) during syllable production while attempting to hold fundamental frequency and subglottal air pressure relatively constant.

Method

We completed two studies.
Study 1:
During syllable production, resultant sound pressure level was measured under conditions of constant fundamental frequency and estimated subglottal air pressure while systematically varying translaryngeal air flow.
Study 2:
During syllable production, resultant sound pressure level and closed quotient (using laryngeal stroboscopy) were measured under conditions of constant fundamental frequency and estimated subglottal air pressure while systematically varying translaryngeal air flow.

Results

Study 1:
Findings suggest a steady increase in sound pressure level with increases in air flow between 25 cc/s and 150 cc/s. Interestingly, relatively stable mean sound pressure level was maintained over a considerable range of air flow values between 225 and 450 cc/s, suggesting that air flow could be further increased without a marked loss of sound pressure level.
Study 2:
Findings suggest a systematic increase in mean sound pressure level as supraglottic activity subsided and as the closed quotient decreased from 0.80 to 0.58. Interestingly, sound pressure level was relatively stable as the closed quotient decreased from 0.58 to 0.35.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that sound pressure level can be maintained over a considerable range of increasing translaryngeal air flow values and over a considerable range of decreasing closed quotient values. These results provide motivation for investigating the interaction between air flow, glottal closure, and sound pressure level among other measures of phonatory function, with important clinical implications for therapeutic approaches that emphasize increases in air flow and focus on reducing contact between the vocal folds.
Power losses in the three‐phase three‐limb transformer due to common and differential mode of dc‐bias
Authors: Wang Wei , Nysveen Arne , Magnusson Niklas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGeomagnetically induced currents (GICs) and the converter modulation effect are the two main causes for dc magnetisation in power transformers. It is well known that a small dc‐bias can saturate a large transformer and thereby generate high unbalanced magnetising currents, imposing a serious risk of excessive power losses and local overheating. Magnetising currents due to GIC phenomena have been studied extensively, whereas studies on converter related dc‐bias are few. In particular, a discussion on loss characteristics related to converter modulation lacks. In this study, the dc‐bias of common mode and differential mode in a three‐phase, three‐limb transformer is investigated experimentally. Additionally, to interpret the physical phenomena, the system was modelled using the finite element method. The results revealed that the power losses are significantly influenced by the dc current direction, arrangement of the structural parts, and the method of winding connection.
An agent‐based fast concurrent prediction scheme for transient and short‐term voltage instability
Authors: Lashgari Mahmoud , Shahrtash Seyed Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel agent‐based online prediction method is presented in this paper, to predict the status of both transient and short‐term voltage (STV) stability, against fault occurrence. In the proposed method, the trajectories of the relative frequency deviation (ΔF) and the power imbalance (ΔP) are estimated by employing the third‐degree polynomial curve fitting method. By tracking the estimated trajectories on ΔF–ΔP plane and checking some simple defined rules, an early prediction of both transient and STV instability is achieved in an organized multi‐agent system (MAS). In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the method has been tested on IEEE 39‐bus system, IEEE 118‐bus system and IEEE Nordic test system. Based on the obtained results, the proposed algorithm has an overall accuracy of 99.5% under symmetrical and asymmetrical faults, PMU measurement error, different operating points and topological changes.
Optimal power regulation for wind integration in the balancing market environment
Authors: Lyu Xue , Groß Dominic , Xu Zhao , Dong Zhaoyang , Jia Youwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVariable renewable generation and load fluctuations induce significant balancing cost in power system operation. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes a control architecture that leverages inherent regulation capabilities of wind turbines to minimize the system‐wide balancing costs. Instead of handling wind power fluctuations via power filtering algorithms that are agnostic to system‐wide power imbalance, this paper aims to optimize the wind power generation profile from system perspective. In the proposed method, wind turbines are modelled as semi‐dispatchable units, where the dispatch command is dynamically generated at every automatic generation control cycle by considering mileage payments as an indicator of system‐wide imbalance. As a result, local resources of wind turbines are optimally leveraged in real‐time to mitigate system‐wide power imbalances. The proposed strategy and state‐of‐the‐art techniques are compared in comprehensive high‐fidelity case studies. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system‐aware regulation scheme can alleviate system balancing costs without investments into energy storage systems.
GALACTICNUCLEUS: A high-angular-resolution JHKs imaging survey of the Galactic centre
Authors: Nogueras-Lara F. , Schödel R. , Neumayer N. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The extreme extinction (AV ~ 30 mag) and its variation on arc-second scales towards the Galactic centre hamper the study of its stars. Analysis of them is restricted to the near infrared (NIR) regime, where the extinction curve can be approximated by a broken power law for the JHKs bands. Therefore, it is fundamental to correct for extinction at these wavelengths in order to analyse the structure and stellar population of the central regions of our Galaxy.
Aims. We aim to, (1) discuss different strategies to de-redden the photometry and check the usefulness of extinction maps to deal with variable stars; (2) build extinction maps for the NIR bands JHKs and make them publicly available; (3) create a de-reddened catalogue of the GALACTICNUCLEUS (GNS) survey, identifying foreground stars; and (4) perform a preliminary analysis of the de-reddened Ks luminosity functions (KLFs).
Methods. We used photometry from the GNS survey to create extinction maps for the whole catalogue. We took red clump (RC) and red giant stars of similar brightnesses as a reference to build the maps and we de-reddened the GNS photometry. We also discussed the limitations of the process and analysed non-linear effects of the de-reddening.
Results. We obtained high resolution (~3″) extinction maps with low statistical and systematics uncertainties (≲5%) and computed average extinctions for each of the regions covered by the GNS. We checked that our maps effectively correct the differential extinction reducing the spread of the RC features by a factor of ~2. We assessed the validity of the broken power law approach computing two equivalent extinction maps AH using either JH and HKs photometry for the same reference stars and obtained compatible average extinctions within the uncertainties. Finally, we analysed de-reddened KLFs for different lines of sight and found that the regions belonging to the NSD contain a homogeneous stellar population that is significantly different from that in the innermost bulge regions.
Perinatal Data of Refugee Women from the Gynaecology Department of Charité University Hospital Berlin Compared with German Federal Analysis
Authors: Ammoura Ola , Sehouli Jalid , Kurmeyer Christine , Richter Rolf , Kutschke Nadja , Henrich Wolfgang , Inci Melisa Guelhan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to record the perinatal data of refugee women at Charité Hospital, Berlin, and to evaluate possible differences in pre-, peri- and postnatal outcomes compared with indigenous women.
Material and Methods All pregnant women who gave birth in the period from 1 January 2014 to 30 September 2017 and were registered at least once in the hospital as “refugee” were included in the analysis. The data recorded from the refugee women were compared with the perinatal data of the German Federal obstetric analysis for the year 2016, which was published by the IQTIG (Institut für Qualitätssicherung und Transparenz im Gesundheitswesen [Institute for Quality Assurance and Transparency in Healthcare]).
Results The analysis comprised 907 refugee women and 928 infants (21 twin pregnancies). Pregnant refugee women were significantly younger than the pregnant women from the Federal analysis (birth before the age of 30: 66 vs. 41%, p < 0.001, RR: 1.6, 95% CI: 62.9 – 69.2). They had a history both of more pregnancies (≥ 3 pregnancies: 29.4 vs. 13.4%, p < 0.001, RR: 2.2, 95% CI: 26.4 – 32.5) and of more miscarriages (> 2 miscarriages: 9.7 vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001, RR: 1.6, 95% CI: 7.9 – 11.8) and more often had a history of suffering from psychological stress (11.1 vs. 4.1%, p < 0.001, RR: 2.70, 95% CI: 9.2 – 13.4). There were more premature births (10.3 vs. 3.0%, p < 0.001, RR: 3.36, 95% CI: 8.4 – 12.4), post-term pregnancies (8.5 vs. 0.5%, p < 0.001, RR: 15.4, 95% CI: 6.7 – 10.5), and cases of postpartum anaemia (28.7 vs. 22.0%, p < 0.001, RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 25.7 – 31.7) and puerperal endometritis (1 vs. 0.2%, p = 0.006, RR: 4.3, 95% CI: 0.5 – 1.9)
compared with the Federal analysis. The neonatal outcome showed an increased rate of hypotrophy (11 vs. 7%, p < 0.001, RR: 1.6, 95% CI: 9.1 – 13.2), more stillbirths (0.7 vs. 0.2%, p = 0.006, RR: 3, 95% CI: 0.2 – 1.4) and increased congenital malformations (2.8 vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001, RR: 3, 95% CI: 0.2 – 1.4).
Conclusion Both refugee women and their infants showed significant differences. Despite the average younger age of the pregnant refugee women, the rates of premature birth and stillbirth and congenital malformations were significantly more frequent. More intensive antenatal screening with differentiated foetal organ diagnostics including psychosomatic care could contribute to early identification and prompt diagnosis. As regards the postpartum anaemia and puerperal endometritis, which occur more often in refugee women, midwife engagement and an improvement in the living situation in homes and accommodation facilities could be of great importance.
Molecular Iodine-Mediated Synthesis of 2-Azaanthraquinones from [3.3.3]Propellanes via a Metal-Free Rearrangement
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Bagherinejad Akram , Khanpour Mojtaba 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel iodine-mediated rearrangement of heterocyclic [3.3.3]propellanes under green conditions is described. This metal-free transformation for the straightforward synthesis of substituted 2-azaanthraquinones proceeds via ring opening/dissociation of C–O and C–N bonds/intramolecular C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation/ring expansion/aza-ring closure/1,3-N to N alkyl migration. High atom-efficiency, synthetically useful yields, easily accessible starting materials, and mild reaction conditions are advantages of this process.
Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of Trichodermamides B and C
Authors: Kimishima Atsushi , Arai Masayoshi , Saito Hayato , Petrova Violeta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn asymmetric formal synthesis of trichodermamides B and C was achieved in 15 steps based on a tyrosine ester chiral-pool approach. Key features of this synthesis include stereoselective construction of a cis-1,2-oxazadecaline core by an acid-mediated tandem deprotection–intramolecular oxy-Michael reaction, oxime ether formation via an N-bromination–elimination sequence, and diene construction by a palladium-catalyzed demonomethylcarbonation.
Low-Dose Aspirin Thromboprophylaxis Is Safe and Effective in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty with or without Outpatient Pneumatic Compression Devices
Authors: Tang Alex , Lygrisse Katherine A. , Zak Stephen G. , Hepinstall Matthew S. , Slover James D. , Long William J. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Macaulay William 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a serious complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Current guidelines recommend pharmacologic prophylaxis with or without intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPCDs). At our institution, portable IPCDs were previously worn by THA patients at standard risk for VTE for 14 days. Routine prescription of portable outpatient IPCDs was discontinued due to concerns with their efficacy and safety. We sought to determine if discontinuation of portable outpatient IPCDs changed VTE rates after THA. A retrospective review of 1,825 consecutive THA cases was conducted identifying patients with VTE, periprosthetic fractures, dislocations, bleeding complications, infection, and death at 90 days postoperatively. Patients were divided into two cohorts. One cohort received outpatient IPCDs for a period of 14 days (control) while the other did not (no-IPCD). All patients received inpatient IPCDs and were maintained on 81-mg aspirin (ASA) twice daily for 28 days. A total of 748 IPCD patients and 1,077 no-IPCD patients were identified. There was no difference between the total VTE rate for the IPCD versus no-IPCD groups (0 vs. 0.19%, p = 0.24). There were also no differences in periprosthetic fractures (p = 0.09), dislocations (p = 0.22), bleeding complications (p = 0.79), or infection rates (p = 0.75). No deaths were observed. The use of a low-dose ASA thromboprophylaxis protocol was safe and effective for VTE prevention in standard-risk patients undergoing THA with or without portable IPCDs. Any marginal benefit of portable IPCD use was too small to demonstrate despite our relatively large sample size.
A Conceptual Framework of Data Readiness: The Contextual Intersection of Quality, Availability, Interoperability, and Provenance
Authors: Douthit Brian J. , Del Fiol Guilherme , Staes Catherine J. , Docherty Sharron L. , Richesson Rachel L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Data readiness is a concept often used when referring to health information technology applications in the informatics disciplines, but it is not clearly defined in the literature. To avoid misinterpretations in research and implementation, a formal definition should be developed.
Objectives The objective of this research is to provide a conceptual definition and framework for the term data readiness that can be used to guide research and development related to data-based applications in health care.
Methods PubMed, the National Institutes of Health RePORTER, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Duke University Library databases for business and information sciences were queried for formal mentions of the term “data readiness.” Manuscripts found in the search were reviewed, and relevant information was extracted, evaluated, and assimilated into a framework for data readiness.
Results Of the 264 manuscripts found in the database searches, 20 were included in the final synthesis to define data readiness. In these 20 manuscripts, the term data readiness was revealed to encompass the constructs of data quality, data availability, interoperability, and data provenance.
Discussion Based upon our review of the literature, we define data readiness as the application-specific intersection of data quality, data availability, interoperability, and data provenance. While these concepts are not new, the combination of these factors in a novel data readiness model may help guide future informatics research and implementation science.
Conclusion This analysis provides a definition to guide research and development related to data-based applications in health care. Future work should be done to validate this definition, and to apply the components of data readiness to real-world applications so that specific metrics may be developed and disseminated.
Insertion of a synthetic switch into insulin provides metabolite-dependent regulation of hormone–receptor activation
Authors: Chen Yen-Shan , Gleaton Jeremy , Yang Yanwu , Dhayalan Balamurugan , Phillips Nelson B. , Liu Yule , Broadwater Laurie , Jarosinski Mark A. , Chatterjee Deepak , Lawrence Michael C. , Hattier Thomas , Michael M. Dodson , Weiss Michael A. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceLigand-dependent conformational switches are ubiquitous in biological macromolecules, from allosteric proteins to RNA riboswitches. Molecular design of artificial switches provides a general strategy to test relationships between macromolecular structure and function. The present study exploited recent structures of complexes between an ancestral signaling protein (insulin) and the ectodomain of its cellular receptor to insert a metabolite-regulated switch into the hormone. Whereas binding of ligands often stabilizes structure, this design envisioned metabolite-dependent “opening” of a closed, inactive insulin conformation. Assessment of hormone-directed receptor autophosphorylation and a downstream signaling cascade in liver-derived cells demonstrated that binding of metabolite (a monosaccharide) enabled hormonal signaling. These results suggest a mechanism-based strategy to design “smart” glucose-responsive analogs to more safely treat insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Solar Technology Lowers the Noise Level in the Waters Surrounding Bora Bora
Authors: Marinescu Silvia , Andre Julien , Lods Aurelie , Jiang Yini , Liu Jiatong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Interest in solar-powered electric vessels is driven, on the one hand, by concern about the underwater noise produced by conventional craft that is damaging to marine ecosystems and by the pollution caused by fossil fuels. It can also be driven, as this case study demonstrates, by market forces, in particular the wish to offer visitors a better boating experience. Solar-powered craft are an attractive and responsible way to discover beautiful islands and coastlines and to explore their rich and fragile marine environments.

Information
Written on the basis of material provided by David Czap, founder of Soel Yachts company.
© CAB International 2021
Simulating NEMA characteristics of the modular total-body J-PET scanner—an economic total-body PET from plastic scintillators
Authors: Moskal P , Kowalski P , Shopa R Y , Raczyński L , Baran J , Chug N , Curceanu C , Czerwiński E , Dadgar M , Dulski K , Gajos A , Hiesmayr B C , Kacprzak K , Kapłon Ł , Kisielewska D , Klimaszewski K , Kopka P , Korcyl G , Krawczyk N , Krzemień W , Kubicz E , Niedźwiecki Sz , Parzych Sz , Raj J , Sharma S , Shivani S , Stępień E , Tayefi F , Wiślicki W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the presented research is estimation of the performance characteristics of the economic total-body Jagiellonian-PET system (TB-J-PET) constructed from plastic scintillators. The characteristics are estimated according to the NEMA NU-2-2018 standards utilizing the GATE package. The simulated detector consists of 24 modules, each built out of 32 plastic scintillator strips (each with cross section of 6 mm times 30 mm and length of 140 or 200 cm) arranged in two layers in regular 24-sided polygon circumscribing a circle with the diameter of 78.6 cm. For the TB-J-PET with an axial field-of-view (AFOV) of 200 cm, a spatial resolutions (SRs) of 3.7 mm (transversal) and 4.9 mm (axial) are achieved. The noise equivalent count rate (NECR) peak of 630 kcps is expected at 30 kBq cc−1. Activity concentration and the sensitivity at the center amounts to 38 cps kBq−1. The scatter fraction (SF) is estimated to 36.2 %. The values of SF and SR are comparable to those obtained for the state-of-the-art clinical PET scanners and the first total-body tomographs: uExplorer and PennPET. With respect to the standard PET systems with AFOV in the range from 16 to 26 cm, the TB-J-PET is characterized by an increase in NECR approximately by factor of 4 and by the increase of the whole-body sensitivity by factor of 12.6 to 38. The time-of-flight resolution for the TB-J-PET is expected to be at the level of CRT = 240 ps full width at half maximum. For the TB-J-PET with an AFOV of 140 cm, an image quality of the reconstructed images of a NEMA IEC phantom was presented with a contrast recovery coefficient and a background variability parameters. The increase of the whole-body sensitivity and NECR estimated for the TB-J-PET with respect to current commercial PET systems makes the TB-J-PET a promising cost-effective solution for the broad clinical applications of total-body PET scanners. TB-J-PET may constitute an economic alternative for the crystal TB-PET scanners, since plastic scintillators are much cheaper than BGO or LYSO crystals and axial arrangement of the strips significantly reduces the costs of readout electronics and SiPMs.