bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geopolymer leaching in water and acetic acid
Authors: Ukrainczyk Neven , Vogt Oliver 
Published: January 2021

Elemental leaching of metakaolin based geopolymers was investigated by immersing hardened paste specimens in a solution. For this, pure water and 0.1 molar acetic acid solutions were replenished ten times distributed over 56 days in total. Dissolution and diffusion of the elements through and from the geopolymer paste into the surrounding solutions was investigated on cross-sections of specimens by SEM-EDS microscopy, indentation, X-ray powder diffraction analysis and measuring the eluted elements by ICP-MS when replenishing the solution over time. The presented new methodological approach thus combines the dissolution rate kinetics obtained via wet chemistry (ICP) with the complementary solid state characterisation methods to gain new insights into the complex geopolymer dissolution mechanisms.
Results indicated a relatively small leachability of geopolymers, limited only to the surface layer which is directly exposed to the aggressive solution, while the more inner parts of the geopolymer framework remain intact. Elemental maps revealed dissolution of aluminates that occurred across the outermost surface parts of the sections, while potassium leached out gradually but reached deeper inner parts. However, there was still a high portion of potassium being left bonded inside the geopolymer, even for the harsh acidic conditions, limited by the diffusion-reaction mechanism which took place within the geopolymer. The obtained experimental results represent a first approach towards feeding reactive transport numerical modeling approaches still to be developed for simulating leaching and degradation of geopolymer materials when exposed to water or acidic solutions.
Determination of dynamic properties of the caterpillar drive of hydraulic reclamation machines and the method of articulated attachment of the working body of the trenchless pipelayer
Authors: Gasanov T. G. , Batmanov E. Z. , Guseynov M. R. , Nazhmudinova M. N. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. The objective of the study is to determine the requirements for various devices of hydraulic reclamation machines, which are widely used in the construction of canals and drains, to maintain a given slope, as well as the calculation of the executive mechanism that serves to eliminate the oscillating movement of the working body relative to the line of the specified slope.Methods. A mathematical description of the vibrations of the working body for caterpillar hydraulic reclamation machines with mounted working bodies is given.Results. The article presents the results of research to identify the main factors affecting the oscillations of the working body of caterpillar reclamation machines. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, it was found that when a caterpillar machine with a rigid undercarriage crosses single and multiple irregularities, the movement of the cutting edge of the rigidly mounted working body is graphically depicted by sinusoidal curves. The obtained dependencies allow conducting calculations of the automatic system of maintaining the specified slope and establish the area of stable modes of system operation. A geometric method for optimizing the hinge linkage of the working body of trenchless pipelayer is presented.Conclusion. The proposed methods of improving the performance of caterpillar hydraulic reclamation machines with mounted working bodies when moving on uneven ground surfaces can be used to create a wide class of mounted earthmoving machines, both with passive and active working bodies.
Assessment of Patients’ Ability to Review Electronic Health Record Information to Identify Potential Errors: Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey
Authors: Freise Lisa , Neves Ana Luisa , Flott Kelsey , Harrison Paul , Kelly John , Darzi Ara , Mayer Erik K 
Published: January 2021

Background
Sharing personal health information positively impacts quality of care across several domains, and particularly, safety and patient-centeredness. Patients may identify and flag up inconsistencies in their electronic health records (EHRs), leading to improved information quality and patient safety. However, in order to identify potential errors, patients need to be able to understand the information contained in their EHRs.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess patients’ perceptions of their ability to understand the information contained in their EHRs and to analyze the main barriers to their understanding. Additionally, the main types of patient-reported errors were characterized.

Methods
A cross-sectional web-based survey was undertaken between March 2017 and September 2017. A total of 682 registered users of the Care Information Exchange, a patient portal, with at least one access during the time of the study were invited to complete the survey containing both structured (multiple choice) and unstructured (free text) questions. The survey contained questions on patients’ perceived ability to understand their EHR information and therefore, to identify errors. Free-text questions allowed respondents to expand on the reasoning for their structured responses and provide more detail about their perceptions of EHRs and identifying errors within them. Qualitative data were systematically reviewed by 2 independent researchers using the framework analysis method in order to identify emerging themes.

Results
A total of 210 responses were obtained. The majority of the responses (123/210, 58.6%) reported understanding of the information. The main barriers identified were information-related (medical terminology and knowledge and interpretation of test results) and technology-related (user-friendliness of the portal, information display). Inconsistencies relating to incomplete and incorrect information were reported in 12.4% (26/210) of the responses.

Conclusions
While the majority of the responses affirmed the understanding of the information contained within the EHRs, both technology and information-based barriers persist. There is a potential to improve the system design to better support opportunities for patients to identify errors. This is with the aim of improving the accuracy, quality, and timeliness of the information held in the EHRs and a mechanism to further engage patients in their health care.
The Use of Digital Platforms for Adults’ and Adolescents’ Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Our Life at Home): Survey Study
Authors: Parker Kate , Uddin Riaz , Ridgers Nicola D , Brown Helen , Veitch Jenny , Salmon Jo , Timperio Anna , Sahlqvist Shannon , Cassar Samuel , Toffoletti Kim , Maddison Ralph , Arundell Lauren 
Published: January 2021

Background
Government responses to managing the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted the way individuals were able to engage in physical activity. Digital platforms are a promising way to support physical activity levels and may have provided an alternative for people to maintain their activity while at home.

Objective
This study aimed to examine associations between the use of digital platforms and adherence to the physical activity guidelines among Australian adults and adolescents during the COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions in April and May 2020.

Methods
A national online survey was distributed in May 2020. Participants included 1188 adults (mean age 37.4 years, SD 15.1; 980/1188, 82.5% female) and 963 adolescents (mean age 16.2 years, SD 1.2; 685/963, 71.1% female). Participants reported demographic characteristics, use of digital platforms for physical activity over the previous month, and adherence to moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) guidelines. Multilevel logistic regression models examined differences in guideline adherence between those who used digital platforms (ie, users) to support their physical activity compared to those who did not (ie, nonusers).

Results
Digital platforms include streaming services for exercise (eg, YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook); subscriber fitness programs, via an app or online (eg, Centr and MyFitnessPal); facilitated online live or recorded classes, via platforms such as Zoom (eg, dance, sport training, and fitness class); sport- or activity-specific apps designed by sporting organizations for participants to keep up their skills (eg, TeamBuildr); active electronic games (eg, Xbox Kinect); and/or online or digital training or racing platforms (eg, Zwift, FullGaz, and Rouvy). Overall, 39.5% (469/1188) of adults and 26.5% (255/963) of adolescents reported using digital platforms for physical activity. Among adults, MVPA (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.7), MSE (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.5-4.5), and combined (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.0-3.8) guideline adherence were higher among digital platform users relative to nonusers. Adolescents’ MVPA (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.3), MSE (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.1-4.4), and combined (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.1-9.0) guideline adherence were also higher among users of digital platforms relative to nonusers.

Conclusions
Digital platform users were more likely than nonusers to meet MVPA and MSE guidelines during the COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions in April and May 2020. Digital platforms may play a critical role in helping to support physical activity engagement when access to facilities or opportunities for physical activity outside the home are restricted.
Context and Barriers to the Prescription of Nonoccupational Postexposure Prophylaxis Among HIV Medical Care Providers: National Internet-Based Observational Study in China
Authors: Ding Haibo , Ye Zehao , Tang Weiming , Huang Xiaojie , Wang Hui , Cui Sitong , Jiang Yongjun , Geng Wenqing , Xu Junjie , Shang Hong 
Published: January 2021

Background
Nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) is an effective HIV biomedical prevention strategy. The research and use of nPEP are mainly concentrated in the developed world, while little is known about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nPEP among HIV medical care providers in developing countries.

Objective
We aimed to assess the nPEP knowledge and prescribing practice among HIV medical care providers in mainland China.

Methods
HIV medical care providers were recruited in China during May and June 2019 through an online survey regarding nPEP-related knowledge, attitudes, and clinical prescription experiences. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with prescribing nPEP among HIV medical care providers.

Results
A total of 777 eligible participants participated in this study from 133 cities in 31 provinces in China. Of the participants, 60.2% (468/777) were unfamiliar with nPEP and only 53.3% (414/777) of participants ever prescribed nPEP. HIV care providers who worked in a specialized infectious disease hospital (vs general hospital, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.49; 95% CI 1.85-3.37), had practiced for 6-10 years (vs 5 or fewer years, aOR 3.28; 95% CI 2.23-4.80), had practiced for 11 years or more (vs 5 or fewer years, aOR 3.75; 95% CI 2.59-5.45), and had previously prescribed occupational PEP (oPEP, aOR 4.90; 95% CI 3.29-7.29) had a significantly positive association with prescribing nPEP. However, unfamiliarity with nPEP (aOR 0.08; 95% CI 0.05-0.11), believing nPEP may promote HIV high-risk behavior (aOR 0.53; 95% CI 0.36-0.77) or result in HIV drug resistance (aOR 0.53; 95% CI 0.36-0.77) among key populations, and self-reported having no written oPEP guideline in place (aOR 0.53; 95% CI 0.35-0.79) were negatively associated with nPEP prescription behavior.

Conclusions
HIV medical care providers have insufficient nPEP knowledge and an inadequate proportion of prescribing, which may impede the scale-up of nPEP services to curb HIV acquisition. The implementation of tailored nPEP training or retraining to HIV medical care providers would improve this situation.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF CARICA PAPAYA
Authors: G NANDINI , TS GOPENATH , PRASAD NAGALAMBIKA , KARTHIKEYAN MURUGESAN , GNANASEKARAN ASHOK , MS RANJITH , PALANISAMY PRADEEP , M BASALINGAPPA KANTHESH 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study aimed at investigating the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaf extracts.
Methods: As phytochemicals are biologically active compounds and a powerful group of plant chemicals, believed to stimulate the immune system along with antioxidants, the molecules which hinder oxidation of other molecules by the process of inhibiting or by generating the oxidizing chain reactions and preventing diseases. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoid contents (TFC) were determined aluminum chloride method and antioxidant by 2,2,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method.
Results: The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloid, carbohydrates, and amino acids and TPC and TFC varied among the different solvent extracts, in which methanolic extracts showed highest amount of phytochemicals and TPC and TFC and antioxidants compared to other solvents.
Conclusion: The isolation and purification of specific bioactive compound may account as natural and promising medicines in exploration of new drug.
EVALUATION OF NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AZILSARTAN AS MEMORY ENHANCER AGAINST SCOPOLAMINE AND SODIUM NITRITE-INDUCED AMNESIA IN SWISS ALBINO MALE RATS
Authors: THAKUR CHANCHAL , ASHWLAYAN VRISH DHWAJ 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the neuroprotective effect of azilsartan as a memory enhancer against scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.
Methods: Albino Swiss male rats in equal numbers per group (n=6) were taken. Scopolamine hydrobromide was administered to induce amnesia within the rats. Control group rats were administered normal, negative control groups were administered with scopolamine to induce amnesia and nitrite during trials, positive control group rats were administered piracetam+ scopolamine and piracetam nitrite during trials, and test control group rats were administered azilsartan +sodium nitrite and azilsartan nitrite. Exteroceptive behavioral models just like the elevated plus-maze model, Morris water maze model, acquisition trials, and retrieval trial were wont to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of azilsartan.
Results: The scopolamine and azilsartan have a significantly decreasing effect on time spent within the target quadrant (TSTQ) but piracetam has an increasing effect. The effect of azilsartan on transfer latency time (TLT) was observed against scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats using the elevated plus-maze test. Piracetam was found to decrease the TLT and restore memory function at a better dose. Within the case of scopolamine treated rats, a big increase in TLT was noted. Azilsartan treated group also increased TLT within the elevated plus maze. It is noted that the scopolamine features a significantly increasing effect on escape latency time (ELT). Piracetam features a decreasing effect on ELT. A rise in ELT was seen because of azilsartan.
Conclusion: This study suggested that the azilsartan features a significant decreasing effect on TSTQ, azilsartan treated group also increased TLT and ELT.
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARINGENIN AS AN ANTIDEPRESSANT
Authors: N PREMJANU , JAYNTHY CHELLAM 
Published: January 2021

Objective: This works aims at analyzing the potential of Naringenin (NAR) as an antidepressant drug by computational methods.
Methods: The database Protein Data Bank and PubChem were used to retrieve the three-dimensional structures of the protein and the compound. The software Discovery Studio was used to study the interactions between the protein and the ligand.
Results: NAR, one of the flavanone, which has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, is studied for its antidepressant and neuroprotective effects through in silico approach. Interaction study and pharmacophore analysis using Discovery Studio show that the molecule NAR interacts with the protein at different sites. The interaction has a maximum dock score at position B.
Conclusion: The compound NAR shows to have antidepressant quality from the computational study. The docking studies show promising result that NAR can be explored further as a potential drug.
INSIGHT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF VENTILAGO MADERASPATANA LEAVES ON HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY UNDER STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: REDDY B VENUGOPAL , REDDY M RAMANA , SUBBAIAH G VENKATA , REDDY K SATHYAVELU 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The methanolic leaf extract of Ventilago maderaspatana (MEVML, 200 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) was investigate to hepatoprotective activity under streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg b.w.) diabetic (Di) rats.
Methods: In the present study, we determined the blood glucose levels, b.w., insulin, creatinine, and bilirubin levels in normal, Di, Di treated with MEVML and positive control rats.
Results: The Di rats shown adverse changes in blood glucose levels, b.w., insulin, creatinine, and bilirubin levels when compared to other group rats. Reverse the adverse changes in the above parameters when treated the Di rats with MEVML
Conclusion: The MEVML shown anti-diabetic activity and reverse the adverse changes in the above parameters in liver so that the MEVML supported the traditional claim of the hepatoprotective activity under Di condition.
COMPARISON OF VISION OUTCOMES BETWEEN SICS (SMALL-INCISION CATARACT SURGERY) AND PHACOEMULSIFICATION IN CATARACT SURGERY
Authors: SAI K NAVYA , REDDY C SUHAS , K SRILEKHA , PRIYA K AVANTHI 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The main objective of the study is to compare the vision outcomes between small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) and phacoemulsification (PHACO) procedures, to compare the quality of life (QOL) before surgery and after surgery, to improve the patient’s knowledge of their disease condition, and to increase medication adherence after the surgery.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months. About 100 patients were enrolled in the study according to the study criteria. Different scales ([visual function questionnaire] VFQ 25, QOL scale [QOLS] by Schalock and Keith, Morisky Adherence Scale -8 items) were scored from the patient’s profile and treatment chart by communicating with physicians, counseling the patients.
Results: One hundred patients were assessed before and after cataract surgery and follow-up was made for 1 month. Overall, vision-related QOL was significantly improved in PHACO than SICS patients. National Eye Institute VFQ 25 was assessed on day 7 and day 30 where we have observed a statistically significant improvement in the PHACO group of patients than in SICS. Their medication adherence scores were categorized into a high, medium, low category, and most of the SICS patients remained in the medium category, whereas the number of patients increased from medium to high category in PHACO patients.
Conclusion: We concluded that PHACO is better than small incisional cataract surgery due to its small and self-sealing incision, which requires no stitches in most cases, with minimum complications the patient heals faster and recovers rapidly.
EFFECT OF DROTAVERINE, A PHOSPHODIESTERASE 4 INHIBITOR IN SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN RATS
Authors: MK KAYALVIZHI 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and causes significant dementia in the elderly. Intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling has been well established in the mediation of memory. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP and/or cyclic GMP. Drotaverine is a novel non-anticholinergic smooth muscle antispasmodic which acts by inhibiting PDE-4. It is now clinically used in smooth muscle spasms (intestinal, biliary and renal colic, irritable bowel syndrome, uterine spasms, etc.) without anticholinergic side effects. Since Drotaverine has PDE4 inhibition property, its role in learning and memory was evaluated in this study and found that it has memory enhancing effect comparable with donepezil in scopolamine-induced CI in rats.
Methods: Learning and memory were assessed with two behavioral models, namely, elevated plus maze (EPM) and Y maze. CI was produced by scopolamine. Rats were divided into five groups, Group I treated with normal saline, Group II treated with scopolamine, and Groups III, IV, and V were treated with donepezil, Drotaverine, and both, respectively.
Results: The result analysis revealed significant differences in transfer latency in EPM performance between Groups III, IV, V and Group II (***p<0.001). The results of spontaneous alternation in Y maze show that there was a significant difference among all the treatments groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Drotaverine has promising memory enhancing effect in CI induced by scopolamine in rats. Further clinical trials are needed to prove this finding which has been elicited in animal models.
ASSESSMENT OF PROBIOTIC PROPERTIES OF THE STRAIN LACTOBACILLUS PARACASEI D6 AND ITS ANTICANDIDAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: SAIKIA DEVABRATA , MANDAL MANABENDRA 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the probiotic properties of a strain Lactobacillus paracasei D6 (GenBank Accession No. KJ867173) and to assess its antifungal activities against certain Candida strains.
Methods: Antifungal activities of Lactobacillus paracasei D6 was tested against Candida tropicalis BSS7 and C. albicans MTCC 3017. The cell-free extract was tested against the formation of biofilm and germ tube of the aforementioned Candida strains. Different probiotic activities such as tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal fluid, adhesion to hydrocarbons, and Caco-2 cell line were evaluated for the strain Lactobacillus paracasei D6. Inhibition of Candida strains to Caco-2 cell line was also tested. The strains were identified using gene sequencing followed by phylogenetic tree construction.
Results: The probiotic properties of Lactobacillus paracasei D6 were found to be statistically comparable with a standard Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 1407. The biofilm and germ tube formation patterns of the food spoilage isolate C. tropicalis BSS7 were found to be similar to the strain C. albicans MTCC 3017. Cell-free extract of Lactobacillus paracasei D6 exhibited minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of 0.438 mg/ml against C. tropicalis BSS7, which was found to be sufficient to inhibit its germ tube formation. The adhesion of C. tropicalis BSS7 to the epithelial Caco-2 cell line was also significantly reduced by the antifungal metabolites.
Conclusion: This work gives insight on possible virulent nature of the food isolate C. tropicalis BSS7. Exometabolites produced by L. paracasei D6 were able to inhibit growth, biofilm and germ tube formation of both the strains. With this work, the authors envisage the beginning of an alternative strategy for anticandidal therapy.