bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fachwerkbrücken – Bewertung der dynamischen Antwort des Brückendecks bei Zugüberfahrten
Authors: Vospernig Michael , Glatz Bernhard , Reiterer Michael , Fink Josef 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIm Zuge von Streckenausbauprojekten der ÖBB wurden im Zeitraum von 2013 bis 2019 drei einfeldrige Stahlfachwerkbrücken mit Spannweiten von 42 bis 68 m in ähnlicher Bauweise errichtet. Nach den derzeitigen Normen sowie Regelwerken sind dynamische Berechnungen zum Nachweis der Gebrauchstauglichkeit erforderlich. Im ersten Untersuchungsschritt wird die Berechnung der Zugüberfahrten mit den normativen Lastmodellen als Folge von Einzelkräften durchgeführt. Bei allen drei untersuchten Tragwerken kann gezeigt werden, dass Oberschwingungen des Fahrbahndecks zu signifikanten Überschreitungen der normativ zulässigen vertikalen Überbaubeschleunigung führen. Im nächsten Untersuchungsschritt werden die tatsächlichen Lehr'schen Dämpfungen, Eigenfrequenzen und Eigenformen mittels In‐situ‐Systemidentifikationen ermittelt. Des Weiteren werden zur Bewertung des Lastmodells aus Einzelkräften zusätzliche Berechnungen zur Fahrzeugbrückeninteraktion durchgeführt, und die Anwendung von Schwingungsdämpfern im Rechenmodell zur Dämpfung der Oberschwingungen wird ebenfalls untersucht. Im abschließenden Untersuchungsschritt werden zur Validierung Zugüberfahrten mit unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten an den realen Tragwerken durchgeführt. Aus dem Vergleich der unter Ansatz der Zugüberfahrten berechneten und gemessenen vertikalen Tragwerksbeschleunigungen zeigt sich, dass die im Rechenmodell maßgebenden Oberschwingungen des Fahrbahndecks bei den realen Tragwerken nicht in gleichem Maße angeregt werden.
Review of the first 20 years of the Evidence‐Based Medicine Committee of the Japan Society for Oriental Medicine
Authors: Motoo Yoshiharu , Arai Ichiro , Kogure Toshiaki , Tsutani Kiichiro 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTObjective/backgroundThe Evidence‐Based Medicine Special Committee of the Japan Society for Oriental Medicine was launched in 2001. We summarize the task force‐specific activities of this committee over the past 20 years.Task forcesThe Evidence Reports Task Force compiles randomized controlled trials and meta‐analyses on Kampo extract products. Since 2007, the collated list is available on the Japan Society for Oriental Medicine website. As of 1 February 2021, there are 478 trials and three meta‐analyses.The Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force identifies descriptions of Kampo medicines in such guidelines. As of 1 February 2021, there are 135 guidelines (9.6%) on Kampo extract products among 1411 guidelines published in Japan. These guidelines can be classified into three types: type A (n = 40), references, evidence grades, and recommendation gradings; type B (n = 51), only references; and type C (n = 44), no references.The Standards of Reporting Kampo Products Task Force manages the website (http://mpdb.nibiohn.go.jp/stork/) and provides information on the characteristics of 148 Kampo products marketed in Japan, acting as a simple, comprehensive reference for Kampo formulae, and promoting uniform understanding among authors, reviewers, and readers.The Best‐Case Task Force compiled remarkably effective cases as evidence of Kampo treatment in 2006. The “Kakkonto Project” collected best‐case series of kakkonto. The project ended in 2011 because of the number of cases was limited.ConclusionThe committee established significant landmarks for evidence‐based Kampo medicine and collected a reliable information resource. The guidelines repository is continuously updated with new information. A standard platform for referencing Kampo formulae in research articles is also well established.
Effective learning strategies for Japanese Kampo medicine using problem‐based learning and simulator training for medical students: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Amitani Marie , Amitani Haruka , Suzuki Hajime , Kawazu Suguru , Fukumoto Takamasa , Yamaguchi Kojiro , Oki Toshimichi , Nitta Hideaki , Sonoda Takuro , Uto Nanami , Numata Mayumi , Mizuma Kimiko , Ibusuki Rie , Takezaki Toshiro , Owaki Tetsuhiro , Asakawa Akihiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundKampo medicine was introduced into the core curriculum model of medical education in Japan in 2007, and has been taught at all 80 medical universities across the country. However, as there are differences in terms of content and between universities, Kampo medicine education needs to be standardized. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of combining multiple strategies, including lectures, problem‐based learning (PBL), and simulator training for the development of a standardized educational curriculum for Kampo medicine.MethodsWe offered a lectures‐only class (Kampo strategy‐lectures [Ks‐L]), a class with lectures and decoction (Ks‐LD), a class with lectures, decoction, and PBL (Ks‐LDP), and a class with lectures, decoction, PBL, and simulator training (Ks‐LDPS). We analyzed the data from a 12‐item questionnaire conducted by the Faculty Development Committee of Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine to evaluate the curriculum.ResultsKs‐LDPS was rated significantly higher than the other modules in active learning, and overall satisfaction.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that combining multiple strategies rather than offering classes with lectures promoted a positive attitude to Kampo medicine and deep self‐learning among students, thereby improving the educational effects of Kampo medicine education.
Theoretical modeling for interfacial catalysis
Authors: Zhou Lingyun , Zhuo Lingshu , Yuan Ruming , Fu Gang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysis is vital in modern chemical industry. The development of next‐generation heterogeneous catalysts demands methodological shift from trial‐and‐error to theory‐guided design. However, heterogeneous catalysis usually involves complex surfaces/interfaces, which make it difficult to establish a reasonable model. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress in our group, and demonstrated a new research paradigm to successfully bridge the material gap between theory and experiment. Accordingly, three important interfacial effects of heterogeneous catalysts have been discussed in detail, that is, the support effect of oxide‐on‐metal catalysts, the coordination effect of atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADCs) and the ligand effect of molecular modification. We addressed that the close cooperation of theory and experiment is essential to gain deep mechanistic insights and help to optimize heterogeneous catalysts in a more rational way.This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Domain walls in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 SYM
Authors: Delmastro Diego , Gomis Jaume 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 super Yang-Mills (SYM) with simply connected gauge group G has h gapped vacua arising from the spontaneously broken discrete R-symmetry, where h is the dual Coxeter number of G. Therefore, the theory admits stable domain walls interpolating between any two vacua, but it is a nonperturbative problem to determine the low energy theory on the domain wall. We put forward an explicit answer to this question for all the domain walls for G = SU(N), Sp(N), Spin(N) and G2, and for the minimal domain wall connecting neighboring vacua for arbitrary G. We propose that the domain wall theories support specific nontrivial topological quantum field theories (TQFTs), which include the Chern-Simons theory proposed long ago by Acharya-Vafa for SU(N). We provide nontrivial evidence for our proposals by exactly matching renormalization group invariant partition functions twisted by global symmetries of SYM computed in the ultraviolet with those computed in our proposed infrared TQFTs. A crucial element in this matching is constructing the Hilbert space of spin TQFTs, that is, theories that depend on the spin structure of spacetime and admit fermionic states — a subject we delve into in some detail.
Trace anomaly for Weyl fermions using the Breitenlohner-Maison scheme for γ*
Authors: Abdallah S. , Franchino-Viñas S. A. , Fröb M. B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe revisit the computation of the trace anomaly for Weyl fermions using dimensional regularization. For a consistent treatment of the chiral gamma matrixγ*in dimensional regularization, we work inndimensions from the very beginning and use the Breitenlohner-Maison scheme to defineγ*. We show that the parity-odd contribution to the trace anomaly vanishes (for which the use of dimension-dependent identities is crucial), and that the parity-even contribution is half the one of a Dirac fermion. To arrive at this result, we compute the full renormalized expectation value of the fermion stress tensor to second order in perturbations around Minkowski spacetime, and also show that it is conserved.
Lepton-quark fusion at Hadron colliders, precisely
Authors: Greljo Admir , Selimović Nudžeim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When a TeV-scale leptoquark has a sizeable Yukawa coupling, its dominant production mechanism at hadron colliders is the partonic-level lepton-quark fusion. Even though the parton distribution functions for leptons inside the proton are minuscule, they get compensated by the resonant enhancement. We present the first computation of higher order radiative corrections to the resonant leptoquark production cross section at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Next-to-leading (NLO) QCD and QED corrections are similar in size but come with the opposite sign. We compute NLO K-factors for a wide range of scalar leptoquark masses, as well as, all possible combinations of quark and lepton flavors and leptoquark charges. Theoretical uncertainties due to the renormalisation and factorisation scale variations and the limited knowledge of parton distribution functions are quantified. We finally discuss how to disentangle the flavor structure of leptoquark interactions by exploiting the interplay between different production channels.
Matter-antimatter asymmetry and non-inertial effects
Authors: Silveira V. M. G. , Vasconcellos C. A. Z. , Luna E. G. S. , Hadjimichef D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigate non-inertial effects on CP-violating processes using a model, based on the framework of quantum field theory in curved spacetimes, devised to account for the decay of accelerated particles. We show that the CP violation parameter for the decay of accelerated kaons into two pions decreases very slightly as very high accelerations are achieved, implying decreased asymmetry between matter and antimatter in this regime. We discuss the relationship between these results and cosmological processes surrounding matter-antimatter asymmetry and argue that, due to the connection between non-inertial and thermal phenomena established by the Unruh effect, this kind of computation may prove useful in furthering the understanding of thermodynamical effects in curved spacetimes.
On the variance of squarefree integers in short intervals and arithmetic progressions
Authors: Gorodetsky Ofir , Matomäki Kaisa , Radziwiłł Maksym , Rodgers Brad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe evaluate asymptotically the variance of the number of squarefree integers up toxin short intervals of length$$H < x^{6/11 - \varepsilon }$$H<x6/11-εand the variance of the number of squarefree integers up toxin arithmetic progressions moduloqwith$$q > x^{5/11 + \varepsilon }$$q>x5/11+ε. On the assumption of respectively the Lindelöf Hypothesis and the Generalized Lindelöf Hypothesis we show that these ranges can be improved to respectively$$H < x^{2/3 - \varepsilon }$$H<x2/3-εand$$q > x^{1/3 + \varepsilon }$$q>x1/3+ε. Furthermore we show that obtaining a bound sharp up to factors of$$H^{\varepsilon }$$Hεin the full range$$H < x^{1 - \varepsilon }$$H<x1-εis equivalent to the Riemann Hypothesis. These results improve on a result of Hall (Mathematika 29(1):7–17, 1982) for short intervals, and earlier results of Warlimont, Vaughan, Blomer, Nunes and Le Boudec in the case of arithmetic progressions.
Ovarielle Stimulation bei unerfülltem Kinderwunsch
Authors: Findeklee Sebastian , Grewe Sebastian , Diedrich Klaus 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Reviewartikel gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen in der Reproduktionsmedizin zum Einsatz kommenden Arten der hormonellen Stimulation der Eierstöcke. Der Artikel ist in 3 Teile gegliedert: Zunächst werden prognostische und prädiktive Parameter für den Erfolg einer hormonellen Stimulationstherapie aufgelistet, die es erlauben sollen, ein zu geringes („low response“) oder ein zu starkes Ansprechen der Ovarien („high response“) zu antizipieren. Anschließend werden die Formen der ovariellen Stimulation mit den verfügbaren Stimulationsmedikamenten und -protokollen dargestellt. Den Abschluss bildet ein Fazit für die reproduktionsmedizinische Praxis. Der Beitrag soll einen kompakten Überblick über die Thematik geben und praktisch tätigen Reproduktionsmediziner(inne)n eine schnelle Orientierung im klinischen Alltag ermöglichen.
„Skelettfund“ im Keller
Authors: Verhoff M. A. , Klinger M. F. , Kettner M. , Birngruber C. G. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungBei der Identifizierung einer unbekannten, stark verwesten Leiche oder eines Skelettes ohne Hinweise auf die Identität durch die Auffindesituation spielt die Erstellung des sog. biologischen Profils eine entscheidende Rolle. Vorgestellt wird ein Leichenfund in einem mehr oder weniger frei zugänglichen Kellerabteil eines Mehrfamilienhauses. Der Leichnam war weitgehend skelettiert, das Skelett jedoch durch mumifizierte Weichteilreste noch nahezu vollständig zusammengehalten. Bei den Hinweisen auf die Identität ergaben sich insbesondere in der Altersschätzung scheinbare Widersprüche, die jedoch zufällig eine relativ genau zutreffende Schätzung lieferten. Die Überreste konnten mittels forensischer DNA-Analyse einer seit 4 Jahren vermissten 49-Jährigen zugeordnet werden. Als Todesursache wurde ein Kältetod diskutiert.Der Fall wies eine außergewöhnliche Auffindesituation auf, die an Bilder von „Skelettfunden“ in Kriminalverfilmungen erinnerte. Derartige Befunde dürften jedoch in der Realität wohl nur sehr selten vorkommen. Darüber hinaus werden die Wichtigkeit und die Probleme der forensisch-osteologischen Untersuchungen bei der Identifizierung eines stark verwesten, unbekannten Leichnams demonstriert.
Switching from zoledronic acid to denosumab increases the risk for developing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with bone metastases
Authors: Ikesue Hiroaki , Doi Kohei , Morimoto Mayu , Hirabatake Masaki , Muroi Nobuyuki , Yamamoto Shinsuke , Takenobu Toshihiko , Hashida Tohru 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Switch from zoledronic acid (ZA) to denosumab may increase the risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) owing to the additive effect of denosumab on the jawbone and residual ZA activities. We evaluated the risk of developing MRONJ in patients who received ZA, denosumab, or ZA-to-denosumab for the treatment of bone metastases.

Methods
The medical charts of patients with cancer who received denosumab or ZA for bone metastases were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who did not undergo a dental examination at baseline were excluded. Primary endpoint was the evaluation of the risk of developing MRONJ in the ZA-to-denosumab group. Secondary endpoints were probability of MRONJ and the relationship between risk factors and the time to the development of MRONJ.

Results
Among the 795 patients included in this study, 65 (8.2%) developed MRONJ. The incidence of MRONJ was significantly higher in the ZA-to-denosumab group than in the ZA group [7/43 (16.3%) vs. 19/350 (5.4%), p = 0.007]. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that denosumab treatment [hazard ratio (HR), 2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.37–4.39; p = 0.002], ZA-to-denosumab treatment (HR, 4.36; 95% CI, 1.63–10.54, p = 0.005), tooth extraction after starting ZA or denosumab (HR, 4.86; 95% CI, 2.75–8.36; p < 0.001), and concomitant use of antiangiogenic agents (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.06–2.96; p = 0.030) were significant risk factors for MRONJ.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that switching from ZA to denosumab significantly increases the risk for developing MRONJ in patients with bone metastases.
Temperaturabhängiges Anzieh- und Löseverhalten von Schraubenverbindungen mit Zinklamellenüberzügen
Authors: Eberhard A. , Stähler M. , Beyer S. , Klein M. , Oechsner M. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse von Warmlöseversuchen nach VDA 235-203/VW 01131 mit denen von Anzieh- und Löseversuchen an einem Anziehprüfstand verglichen. Die Versuche werden bei Temperaturen von Raumtemperatur (RT) bis ϑ = 150 °C bei Variation der Schraubenabmessung (M6 und M10), der Schraubenkopfgeometrie, des Beschichtungssystems von Schraube (Zinklamelle und Zinknickel sowie mit und ohne Decksicht) und Mutter (blank, verzinkt) sowie des Typs der Gegenlage (Scheibe des Typs HL und KTL (Kathodische Tauchlackierung)-Stahlleiste) durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die unterschiedlichen Prüfmethoden vergleichend bewertet.
Method to determine the local load cycles of a blade bearing using flexible multi-body simulation
Authors: Leupold S. , Schelenz R. , Jacobs G 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConventional methods for designing rolling bearings against fatigue assume that a bearing ring is fully rotating and that the load is ideally distributed over the rolling elements. Blade bearings in wind turbines, are operated under oscillating motions and dynamic loads. The load distribution is strongly dependent on the stiffness of the bearing rings and the surrounding structural components. This has been shown in numerous studies using FEM simulations for static load cases. In this paper a method is presented that reduces the calculation effort of the deformation of the bearing rings, so that a flexible integration into an aeroelastic mbs model of a wind turbine is possible. Thereby an average accuracy of 6.5% between FEM and mbs could be achieved. The model allows the determination of time series of the global load distribution of each raceway. By data processing of the simulation results, the number of load cycles and the maximum contact pressure for individual segments of the raceways could be determined and their fatigue probability could be estimated using the linear damage hypothesis according to Palmgren-Miner.
Identification of relevant acoustic transfer paths for WT drivetrains with an operational transfer path analysis
Authors: Schünemann W. , Schelenz R. , Jacobs G. , Vocaet W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of a transfer path analysis (TPA) is to view the transmission of vibrations in a mechanical system from the point of excitation over interface points to a reference point. For that matter, the Frequency Response Functions (FRF) of a system or the Transmissibility Matrix is determined and examined in conjunction with the interface forces at the transfer path. This paper will cover the application of an operational TPA for a wind turbine model. In doing so the path contribution of relevant transfer paths are made visible and can be optimized individually.
Characterization of innate and adaptive immune cells involved in the foreign body reaction to polypropylene meshes in the human abdomen
Authors: Dievernich A. , Achenbach P. , Davies L. , Klinge U. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Polypropylene (PP) mesh is widely used to reinforce tissues. The foreign body reaction (FBR) to the implant is dominated by innate immune cells, especially macrophages. However, considerable numbers of adaptive immune cells, namely T cells, have also been regularly observed, which appear to play a crucial role in the long-term host response.

Methods
This study investigated the FBR to seven human PP meshes, which were removed from the abdomen for recurrence after a median of one year. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, the FBR was examined for various innate (CD11b+ myeloid, CD68+ macrophages, CD56+ NK) and adaptive immune cells (CD3+ T, CD4+ T-helper, CD8+ cytotoxic, FoxP3+ T-regulatory, CD20+ B) as well as “conventional” immune cells (defined as cells expressing their specific immune cell marker without co-expressing CD68).

Results
T-helper cells (19%) and regulatory T-cells (25%) were present at comparable rates to macrophages, and clustered significantly toward the mesh fibers. For all cell types the lowest proportions of “conventional” cells (< 60%) were observed at the mesh–tissue interface, but increased considerably at about 50–100 µm, indicating reduced stimulation with rising distance to the mesh fibers.

Conclusion
Both innate and adaptive immune cells participate in the chronic FBR to PP meshes with T cells and macrophages being the predominant cell types, respectively. In concordance with the previous data, many cells presented a “hybrid” pattern near the mesh fibers. The complexity of the immune reaction seen within the foreign body granuloma may explain why approaches focusing on specific cell types have not been very successful in reducing the chronic FBR.
Primal Dual Methods for Wasserstein Gradient Flows
Authors: Carrillo José A. , Craig Katy , Wang Li , Wei Chaozhen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCombining the classical theory of optimal transport with modern operator splitting techniques, we develop a new numerical method for nonlinear, nonlocal partial differential equations, arising in models of porous media, materials science, and biological swarming. Our method proceeds as follows: first, we discretize in time, either via the classical JKO scheme or via a novel Crank–Nicolson-type method we introduce. Next, we use the Benamou–Brenier dynamical characterization of the Wasserstein distance to reduce computing the solution of the discrete time equations to solving fully discrete minimization problems, with strictly convex objective functions and linear constraints. Third, we compute the minimizers by applying a recently introduced, provably convergent primal dual splitting scheme for three operators (Yan in J Sci Comput 1–20, 2018). By leveraging the PDEs’ underlying variational structure, our method overcomes stability issues present in previous numerical work built on explicit time discretizations, which suffer due to the equations’ strong nonlinearities and degeneracies. Our method is also naturally positivity and mass preserving and, in the case of the JKO scheme, energy decreasing. We prove that minimizers of the fully discrete problem converge to minimizers of the spatially continuous, discrete time problem as the spatial discretization is refined. We conclude with simulations of nonlinear PDEs and Wasserstein geodesics in one and two dimensions that illustrate the key properties of our approach, including higher-order convergence our novel Crank–Nicolson-type method, when compared to the classical JKO method.