bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Integration of Layered Manufacturing and Material Removal Processes
Authors: Kulkarni Prashant , Dutta Debasish 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we develop methodologies for the integration of Layered Manufacturing and traditional material removal processes into an integrated manufacturing setup. The scenarios under which this integration would be beneficial are identified and algorithms for the integration developed. As examples, we consider two current Layered Manufacturing technologies that use Material Removal operations as a part of their process. The benefits of our procedure are demonstrated by examples.
Multirate Integration in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Virtual Proving Grounds
Authors: Solis Dario , Schwarz Chris 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years technology development for the design of electric and hybrid-electric vehicle systems has reached a peak, due to ever increasing restrictions on fuel economy and reduced vehicle emissions. An international race among car manufacturers to bring production hybrid-electric vehicles to market has generated a great deal of interest in the scientific community. The design of these systems requires development of new simulation and optimization tools. In this paper, a description of a real-time numerical environment for Virtual Proving Grounds studies for hybrid-electric vehicles is presented. Within this environment, vehicle models are developed using a recursive multibody dynamics formulation that results in a set of Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAE), and vehicle subsystem models are created using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). Based on engineering knowledge of vehicle systems, two time scales are identified. The first time scale, referred to as slow time scale, contains generalized coordinates describing the mechanical vehicle system that includs the chassis, steering rack, and suspension assemblies. The second time scale, referred to as fast time scale, contains the hybrid-electric powertrain components and vehicle tires. Multirate techniques to integrate the combined set of DAE and ODE in two time scales are used to obtain computational gains that will allow solution of the system’s governing equations for state derivatives, and efficient numerical integration in real time.
Improving the Accuracy of Multi-Axis Machines Through On-Line Error Compensation Using Neural Networks
Authors: Ouafi Abderrazak El , Guillot Michel , Bedrouni Abdellah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research is devoted to one of the most fundamental problems in precision engineering: multi-axis machines accuracy. The paper presents a new approach designed to support the implementation of software error compensation of geometric, thermal and dynamic errors for enhancing the accuracy of multi-axis machines. The accuracy of multi-axis machines can be significantly improved using an intelligent integration of sensor information to perform the compensation function. The compensation process consists of the following major steps carried out on-line: continuous monitoring of the machine conditions using position, force, speed and temperature sensors mounted on the machine structure. Error forecasting through sensor fusion. Volumetric error synthesis and software compensation. To improve the effectiveness of error modeling, an artificial neural network is extensively applied.
Implemented on a turning center, the compensation approach has enabled improvement of the machine accuracy by reducing the maximum dimensional error from 70 μm initially to less than 4 μm.
Multi-Objective Optimal Design of Automotive Engine Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Fujita Kikuo , Hirokawa Noriyasu , Akagi Shinsuke , Kitamura Shinji , Yokohata Hideaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A genetic algorithm based optimization method is proposed for a multi-objective design problem of an automotive engine, that includes several difficulties in practical engineering optimization problems. While various optimization techniques have been applied to engineering design problems, a class of realistic engineering design problems face on a mixture of different optimization difficulties, such as the rugged nature of system response, the numbers of design variables and objectives, etc. In order to overcome such a situation, this paper proposes a genetic algorithm based multi-objective optimization method, that introduces Pareto-optimality based fitness function, similarity based selection and direct real number crossover. This optimization method is also applied to the design problem of an automotive engine with the design criteria on a total power train. The computational examples show the ability of the proposed method for finding a relevant set of Pareto optima.
Computation of Parametric Space Curves From Real Space Curves for the Data Exchange Between Heterogeneous CAD Systems
Authors: Lee Yong-Gu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There are many obstacles in exchanging model data between different CAD systems. One of them is that some CAD systems refuse to supply parametric space curves when sending a model data to other CAD systems. Parametric space curves are omitted because in many cases they are additional information to the real space curves.
Parametric space curves can be essential in many geometric computations such as surface triangulations. Thus a practical issue of computing parametric space curves from real space curves and the base surface is discussed.
The input geometric types are those that are defined in Part 42 of STEP. They are rich enough to cover most geometric types used in CAD systems. For the output geometric types, NURBS form is used since it is the most popular form for representing curves and surfaces.
Simultaneous Optimization of Product Family Sharing System Structure and Configuration
Authors: Fujita Kikuo , Akagi Shinsuke , Yoneda Tetsu , Ishikawa Makibi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the optimization problem of a family of products, where multiple products sharing system structure and configuration are simultaneously designed to be optimal. This kind of problems is a typical subproblem of product variety design. It requires the considerations on how to control the commonality of modules and attributes across products and on how design targets, such as requirements, production unit numbers, etc., affect the optimality. First, we classify design tactics into independent design, similar design and same design, and describe how to use these three methods over product representation that consists of systems, modules and attributes. After discussing typical optimization situation on design methods and influence of design target deviation to product family optimality, we develop the framework for assessing the optimality and sensitivity that includes cost model for design, development, production, use, etc. Then, we demonstrate the simultaneous optimization of multiple products with simple cases in aircraft design and planning.
An Intelligent Environment for Simulating Mechanical Assembly Operations
Authors: Gupta Satyandra K. , Paredis Christiaan J. J. , Sinha Rajarishi , Wang Cheng-Hua , Brown Peter F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rapid technical advances in many different areas of scientific computing provide the enabling technologies for creating a comprehensive simulation and visualization environment for assembly design and planning. We have built an intelligent environment in which simple simulations can be composed together to create complex simulations for detecting potential assembly problems. Our goal in this project is to develop high fidelity assembly simulation and visualization tools that can detect assembly related problems without going through physical mock-ups. In addition, these tools can be used to create easy-to-visualize instructions for performing assembly and service operations.
Coordinator: A Robust Setup Planner That Does Early Detection of Fixture-Feature Interactions
Authors: Faheem W. , Hayes C. C. , Gaines D. M. , Castaño J. F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents Coordinator, a process planner that uses a blend of geometric and manufacturing information to detect a broad variety of manufacturing interactions to sequence setups plans. This system is designed to be used by experts to reduce the time and effort required to produce good plans. Coordinator’s contributions is early detection of fixture-feature interactions (interferences between manufacturing operations in which one destroys clamping surfaces required by another). The ability to detect them early (i.e. prior to setup sequencing) eliminates the need for many re-planning cycles. These interactions are usually addressed only after set-up sequencing because sequencing determines part shape in each setup, which in turn affects clamping options. Coordinator addresses this problem through a representational which considers multiple possible workpiece shapes and clamping surfaces prior to setup sequencing. This representation enables Coordinator to consider fixture-feature interactions to sequence setups well in the first iteration, greatly reducing the need for iterative adjustment.
A Geometric Algorithm for Hybrid Workpiece Localization/Envelopment Problem
Authors: Chu Y. X. , Gou J. B. , Li Z. X. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The problem of aligning the CAD model of a workpiece such that all points measured on the finished surfaces of the workpiece match closely to corresponding surfaces on the model while all unmachined surfaces lie outside the model to guarantee the presence of material to be machined at a later time is referred to as the hybrid localization/envelopment problem. The hybrid problem has important applications in setting up for machining of partially finished workpieces. This paper gives a formulation of the hybrid localization/envelopment problem and present a geometric algorithm for computing its solutions. First, we show that when the finished surfaces of a workpiece are inadequate to fully constrain the rigid motions of the workpiece, then the set of free motions remaining must form a subgroup G0 of the Euclidean group SE(3). This allows us to decompose the hybrid problem into a (symmetric) localization problem on the homogeneous space SE(3)/G0 and an envelopment problem on G0. While the symmetric localization problem is solved using the Fast Symmetric Localization (FSL) algorithm developed in one of our early papers, the envelopment problem is solved by computing the solutions of a sequence of linear programming (LP) problems. We derive explicitly the LP problems and apply standard linear programming techniques to solve the LP problems. We present simulation results to demonstrate efficiency of our method for the hybrid problem.
Representing Relationships in Hierarchical Assemblies
Authors: Heisserman Jeff , Mattikalli Raju 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Computer aided design tools are gaining popularity in industry due to their ability to model the geometric aspects of products. This has shown substantial benefit for reducing the need and expense of building physical prototypes and allowing parts and tooling to be manufactured directly from these models. However, the current capabilities in existing CAD tools for modeling assemblies are quite limited.
In this paper we introduce a representation for describing interfaces between parts within hierarchical assemblies for capturing functional and physical mating relations. This representation is designed to support automated reasoning and automated generation and modification of assemblies. It is also designed for use with very large assemblies, compactly representing the interfaces of parts and assemblies that are reused within larger assemblies. We describe how this representation is used in our prototype design system, Genesis, for designing aircraft systems.
An Agent Mechanism for Version Support in Engineering Design
Authors: Florida-James Barry , Norman Peter , Hills Bill , Rossiter Nick , Chao Kuo-Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a mechanism for complete product lifecycle version support in an engineering design environment. The mechanism addresses issues such as heterogeneity and interoperability through the use of co-operating agents. The version model is presented and the agents that implement this model. An industrial case study is presented with preliminary results to illustrate the mechanism.
Managing Variety in Product Families Through Design for Commonality
Authors: Kota Sridhar , Sethuraman Kannan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Majority of companies develop a family of products and many new product variations are added to the product portfolio regularly to meet changing market needs and/or to attract new customer base. Although, the core functionality remains essentially unchanged across all products within a family, new functions, new feature combinations and new technologies are incorporated into each new product. The component variations, commonly referred to as “complexity”, grow exponentially resulting in loss of productivity and/or quality. The challenge lies in effective management of product variations in the design studies and on the manufacturing floor. The key is to minimize non-value added variations across models within a product family without limiting customer choices. Although the benefits of standardization are widely known and most companies do standardize stock components such as fasteners, they are far from standardizing their product -specific core components and thus fail to reap significant benefits in quality and cost. Through this research, we are developing new methodologies for improved management of product variety to achieve higher productivity.
In this paper, we discuss the factors that contribute to product complexity in general, and present an objective measure, called the Product Line Commonality Index, to capture the level of part commonality in a product family. Through our Walkman case study, we illustrate robust design/manufacturing strategies, including modularity and postponement of product differentiation, that help minimize non-value added variation across models within a product family1 without limiting customer choices. Finally, we present a simple and yet a powerful method of benchmarking product families or companies in their ability to share parts effectively (modularity) and reduce the total number of parts (multi-functionality) used in product families.
The Structure of Designs
Authors: Earl C. F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The role of design descriptions is reviewed particularly in providing connections between product and process. The relations among the parts of descriptions represent the structure of designs. We consider the particular case when the parts form a closure structure and derive conclusions about the topology of descriptions. Following the scheme adopted for shapes and shape grammars we show that closure structures are a direct consequence of the primary role of relations in descriptions. Design processes use descriptions both individually and in combination. The different descriptions of a design display a partial order. It is shown how to combine descriptions into new descriptions. Further, multiple attribute descriptions including, for example, shape and associated properties, are constructed. Their structures are represented algebraically.
The Engineering Design Discipline: Is its Confounding Lexicon Hindering its Evolution?
Authors: Messac Achille , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we invite the engineering design research community to examine the current state of the engineering design lexicon. We expose the nature and the pervasiveness of practices that often hinder intelligible discourse within the engineering design literature. In particular, we show how such commonly used terms as criterion and metric are used sometimes as synonyms and sometimes not, often leading to material miscommunications. In our view, the engineering design discipline has reached a point in its evolution where clarity and conciseness of its lexicon should be a priority. Today’s design activity takes place in a truly multidisciplinary environment, which often involves engineers of diverse backgrounds. Written and oral design discourse among design researchers does not rely on a generally accepted and documented lexicon. These situations are symptomatic of a communication infrastructure that is not effectively facilitating the vigorous evolution of the engineering design discipline of recent years. In addition to detailing the outlines of the design lexicon deficiency, we also propose some avenues to a constructive and productive community-wide discussion on this subject. We invite readers to contribute their views by participating in the web discussion at http://www.eng.buffalo.edu/Research/DBD/.
Classification of Iteration in Engineering Design Processes
Authors: Safoutin Michael J. , Smith Robert P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As engineering design is subjected to increasingly formal study, an informal attitude continues to surround the topic of iteration. Today there is no standard definition or typology of iteration, no grounding theory, few metrics, and a poor understanding of its role in the design process. Existing literature provides little guidance in investigating issues of design that might be best approached in terms of iteration. We review contributions of existing literature toward the understanding of iteration in design, develop a classification of design iteration, compare iterative aspects of human and automated design, and draw some conclusions concerning management of iteration and approaches to design automation.
Uncertainty Analysis of Planar Robots With Joint Clearance
Authors: Zhu Jianmin , Ting Kwun-Lon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Joint clearance in mechanisms and robots leads to uncertainty in function deviation. Unlike the impact of the link tolerance on the performance quality, the uncertain effect of the joint clearance to the performance can not be eliminated by calibration because of the random nature. In this paper, based on the probability theory, a general probability density function for the output of planar robots is established for any probability density function of joint clearance. The result is demonstrated by a uniform distribution in the joint clearance and a table of the resulting functions is presented. These distribution functions and the table provide a convenient way to obtain the probability value for a planar robot to position its end point within a desired deviation zone and to determine the joint clearance value based on the concerned shape of tolerance zone and the specified probability value of repeatability.
Dynamic Response of Two-Disk Systems With Friction and Misalignment
Authors: Anabtawi Ahmed , Farhang Kambiz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Friction induced vibration and noise pose one of the most challenging problems. The complexity of the friction system arises due to the nonlinear nature of friction phenomena and that of contact stiffness and damping. This paper presents a mathematical model for studying the dynamic response of two-disk friction system in the presence of misalignment. The contact stiffness and damping characteristics of the system are represented in the axial as well as the torsional directions. In addition, the axial and torsional responses of the system are coupled by assuming dependency between the torsional response and the normal force between the two disks.
Using the mathematical model, various scenarios are examined to study the effect of misalignment. These include cases of symmetric and asymmetric actuation forces as well as forces applied at unequal actuation times. The results suggest that asymmetry in actuation forces has negligible effect on stick-slip behavior of the system.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of an Escalator Using the Computational Dynamics Program
Authors: Kwon Yi Sug , Park Chan Jong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Predicting dynamic characteristics of an escalator by means of the computational dynamic analysis is a meaningful subject, and has not been thoroughly investigated before. The general purposed kinematic and dynamic analysis program, DADS which has been shown to be effective in the dynamic analysis of multi-body, is utilized to analyze the interaction of the escalator to be more than 900 independent degree-of-freedom. Thousands of friction contact elements are applied to correctly simulate impact, permanent contact and temporary contact of rollers and the handrail. The presented model is experimentally verified to substantiate the accuracy and efficacy.
Systematic Design of Mechanical Devices
Authors: Jensen Preben W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Structural analysis and type synthesis (joint substitution) is a prerequisite for the systematic development of mechanisms. However, the design of mechanical devices requires first a consideration of whether there is a fixed member or not (as by hand-held devices) and then a differentiation between at least two input and two output members (links). The subject of hand-held tools requires an expanded (and correct) definition of a mechanism because no link is fixed (although they are mechanisms in the true sense of the word). Open as well as combined open and closed kinematic chains must be included in the definition of mechanisms. This approach leads to the creation of new devices that cannot be obtained with known methods. This approach also allows a closer look at existing devices. The intuitive approach, even for one who is very familiar with linkage mechanisms, will in general not lead to the goal of choosing the input and output links in an optimal way. The development requires an overhaul of the usual definition of a mechanism.
On the Contact Sequences of Roller Gear Cam Mechanisms
Authors: Chen Hsin-Hung , Yan Hong-Sen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper, we discuss various contact situations of roller gear cam mechanisms. Rules for determining the contact sequences of groove-traveling and rib-riding roller gear cam mechanisms are concluded. Differences of the contact sequences between roller gear cam mechanisms with and without preload are pointed out based on Newton’s law. An industrial application is presented as an example to illustrate how to use these rules for determining contact sequences of groove-traveling roller gear cam mechanisms. The result facilitates calculating processes both in the CAD/CAM of roller gear cam mechanisms.
Analysis of Geometric Parameters of the Tool Which Ensure the Maximum Gear Tooth Profile Accuracy
Authors: Podzharov Evgueni I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An analysis of possibilities for the selection of tool geometry parameters was made to reduce tooth profile errors during grinding of gears by different methods. The selection of parameters was based on the analysis of the grid diagram of a gear and a rack. Some formulas and graphs are presented for the selection of the pressure angle, module and addendum of the rack-tool. The results of grinding of experimental gears confirm the theoretical analysis.