bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of alkaline activator on immobilization of metals in alkali-activated blast furnace slag
Authors: Bystrianska E , Koplik J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work the influence of alkaline activator on immobilization of lead and copper in alkali-activated blast furnace slag was investigated. A total of five alkali activators were used; sodium waterglass, potassium waterglass, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The leaching test according to ČSN EN 12457°-4 was used to evaluate the level of immobilization of heavy metals, the leached solutions were analyzed by ICP-OES. For a better understanding of immobilization process, the selected samples were characterized by analytical methods (SEM, XPS). It was found that the degree of immobilization of Pb2+ and Cu2+ in AAS was very high regardless of the type of alkaline activator used. The high degree of immobilization is caused by formation of insoluble or poorly soluble lead and copper compounds in an alkaline environment while the insoluble compounds have been confirmed by SEM and XPS.
Study of calcium-silicate composite lightened by waste expanded perlite
Authors: Sebestova P , Cerny V , Drochytka R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The term calcium-silicate composite can be recalled several basic building materials. The most common representatives are lime-silicate bricks and autoclaved aerated concrete. It is any material based on the reaction of lime and siliceous raw material. In this paper, attention is paid to composites based on autoclaved aerated concrete production technology. Possibilities of lightening the composite utilizing waste expanded perlite as a secondary raw material were investigated without the use of aluminium powder, which is commonly used in aerated concrete technology. Replacements of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 100% waste expanded perlite for sand were used. Based on physico-mechanical properties, and with the assessment of the microstructure, it has been found that up to 50% of the replacement of waste expanded perlite results in a lightening of the composite while increasing the compressive strength.
Utilization of flue dust arising from metakaolin production for alkali-activated materials preparation
Authors: Kubatova D , Nespor B , Kukletova I , Cechmanek R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper assesses the feasibility of using flue dust, which is a residue from metakaolin manufacturing in a rotary kiln as a raw material for production of alkali-activated materials. This material contains besides metakaolin also residues of clays, and mullite. Metakaolin and blast furnace slag were used as initial materials. Flue dust was used for the replacement of initial materials up to 100%. Mortars were prepared for the determination of compressive strength by adding sand at the weight ratio of 1:1. As an alkaline activator was used potassium water glass and s/w ratio was 1.25. The prepared samples were tested for physical-mechanical properties after 28, 56, 90 and 180 days. Setting time and leaching characteristic were also evaluated.
Energy-active roof system – design, development and testing
Authors: Bibora P , Cechmanek R , Leber P , Vlach L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of the research is a development of a new energy effective roof system, fulfilling a function of a roof covering as well as solar active element, reducing energy performance of buildings. There were designed and tested energy active roof elements, consisted of glass-fibre-reinforced-concrete carrier with integrated photovoltaic and heat-exchange layer, which ensures cooling of photovoltaic elements as well as enables a transfer of excessive thermal energy into a storage tank for a later use. The effort of project solvers is to achieve entirely new economic efficient using solar energy by means of energy active roof covering. Current research and tests proved, that there is a possibility to create such a system using present materials and technological solutions. However, for the successful realization it is necessary to solve further technological aspects, namely mutual connection of the roof elements and prove load-bearing capacity and fire resistance of the designed system.
Mitigation possibilities of concrete pavement degradation
Authors: Grosek J , Zavrel T , Stryk J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Monolithic as well as precast Portland Cement Concrete pavement have shown a gradual increase in quantity and severity of defects and failures in recent years. Especially, the radical increase in the auto-destructive deterioration of the concrete structure, which is most often described as the expansion reaction, is alarming. The consequences may lead to extreme reduction of the lifetime of concrete on loaded or unloaded surface courses. The main causes are due to the combined effect of environmental effects (climate, chemical pollution), drainage of roads and the behaviour of the existing cement binders, provided that we do not reflect the modification of pavement structure layers. Only the impact of climate effects can be effectively reduced on the existing roads. The paper presents a summary of results obtained from the current portfolio of secondary concrete protection products. The testing was performed in terms of resistance to water infiltration and durability against the common effects of freeze/thaw and salt. The results show a dependence or independence according to the material basis when exposed to secondary protection products. Oils, silicate emulsions and a group with other material bases, so called other products, behave quite differently.
Testing methods of various materials for development of cement composites with low electrical resistance
Authors: Melichar J , Cerny V , Drochytka R , Steffan P , Dohnalek P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Our entire planet is filled by communication routes, and as a result of the evolving information technologies, their numbers will continue to grow in the future. Demand for their reliability and hence the importance of protecting related technologies from all kinds of interference is increasing as well. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new materials in order to protect these routes against negative influences of the environment such as the atmospheric discharge. The main aim of the research is to develop and verify the properties of the cement composite that can be applied in systems of protection of building structures against lightning strike and overvoltage. The first step in the development of this material was the selection of suitable feedstocks, which by their presence in the newly developed material will increase its electrical conductivity respectively reduce its electrical impedance. For this purpose, a spectrum of potential raw materials with a high content of metals and organic carbon was chosen. By means of a suitably selected set of laboratory methods which consisted of determination of specific surface, impedance and total organic carbon content (TOC), materials with the most suitable properties were selected and their parameters determined also in a cement matrix. In order to realize this goal specimens with each conducive material as filler were created with incorporated copper electrodes. Impedance has been significantly reduced compared to the reference samples. The lowest values in the tens of ohms were obtained from samples containing carbon grit 0.5–4.0. This fact proves that the tested fillers can be used in order to produce electrically conductive cement composites.
Chemical stability of innovative grouts for cast basalt elements
Authors: Zlebek T , Hodul J , Meszarosova L , Drochytka R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Newly developed tile grouts are intended mainly for environment with strong chemical loading. For this reason, chemical resistance was one of the key parameters observed. The grout for cast basalt tile was polymer based, in particular with epoxide binder and it utilized solidified hazardous wastes as fillers. It is well-known that epoxide binder has high resistance to solutions of inorganic substances. However, it is easily degraded by organic compounds. This was taken into consideration when assessed aggressive environments and their concentrations were selected. Examined substances were 60% solution of sulfuric acid, vapors of this acid (at concentration 96%) and 10% solution of acetic acid. After exposition to action of these aggressive substances, first of all the visual changes were assessed, i.e. change of color, formation of blisters, cracks, flaking or change of sheen. Then influence on microstructure, changes of bulk density and strengths of materials were observed.
Cooperation effect of indium and vanadium co-doped into bismuth-iron garnets on magnetic properties
Authors: Jiang Fan , Lan Jianghe , Wei Zhantao , You Bin , Li Jun , Li Yang , Shi Deli , Xiong Zhengwei , Zhang Pingchuan , Chen Jinsong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For achieving tunable saturation magnetization and line width, different cations were doped into the YIG-based garnets, which the standard molecular formula could be expressed as A3[Fe2−xMx](Fe3−yNy)O12. Most researchers have reported a single rule of one element doping (x or y) on its magnetic properties. However, the cooperation effect of x + y to the magnetic contribution was not clearly clarified. In this work, multi-doped bismuth-iron garnets {Bi0.84Ca2.16}[Fe2−xInx](Fe3−yVy)O12 (x = 0.72–0.14 and y = 1.24–1.38) with low saturation magnetizations (4πM
s = 200–600 Gs at 298 K) were prepared by a conventional fluxing agent method. The cooperation effect of In3+ and V5+ co-doped into bismuth-iron garnets (BIG) on their structures and magnetic properties were systematically investigated using XPS, TEM and VSM. It could be found that the total doped concentration (x + y) was decreasing regardless of the increasing V concentration (y) and decreasing In concentration (x). As-synthesized BIG presented a well single-crystal structure, and the lattice spacing was decreasing with the decrease of x + y in accompanying with the transition of dislocations from point defects to edge dislocations. Both linear increase of Curie temperature and 4πM
s with the decrease of x + y was revealed. The mechanism could be attributed that the doped non-magnetic ions could reduce the average nearest-neighbor coordination irons for oxygen ions and weaken the anti-ferromagnetic super-exchange interactions among the magnetic ions within the structure, namely dilution effect. By comparison, the total concentraions were higher than that of previous works, which the tailorable 4πM
s of ferrite was not reported. Here we revealed the controllable 4πM
s with higher total concentrations (x + y ≥ 1.52). These findings will be provided more opportunities for applications in microwave devices.
Stratification and optimal resampling for sequential Monte Carlo
Authors: Li Yichao , Wang Wenshuo , Deng Ke , Liu Jun S 
Published: January 2021

SummarySequential Monte Carlo algorithms are widely accepted as powerful computational tools for making inference with dynamical systems. A key step in sequential Monte Carlo is resampling, which plays the role of steering the algorithm towards the future dynamics. Several strategies have been used in practice, including multinomial resampling, residual resampling, optimal resampling, stratified resampling and optimal transport resampling. In one-dimensional cases, we show that optimal transport resampling is equivalent to stratified resampling on the sorted particles, and both strategies minimize the resampling variance as well as the expected squared energy distance between the original and resampled empirical distributions. For general $d$-dimensional cases, we show that if the particles are first sorted using the Hilbert curve, the variance of stratified resampling is $O(m^{-(1+2/d)})$, an improvement over the best previously known rate of $O(m^{-(1+1/d)})$, where $m$ is the number of resampled particles. We show that this improved rate is optimal for ordered stratified resampling schemes, as conjectured in Gerber et al. (2019). We also present an almost-sure bound on the Wasserstein distance between the original and Hilbert-curve-resampled empirical distributions. In light of these results, we show that for dimension $d&gt;1$ the mean square error of sequential quasi-Monte Carlo with $n$ particles can be $O(n^{-1-4/\{d(d+4)\}})$ if Hilbert curve resampling is used and a specific low-discrepancy set is chosen. To our knowledge, this is the first known convergence rate lower than $o(n^{-1})$.
Today in Light of Yesterday: An Exploration of Workers’ Childhood Memories in the Context of Child Protection Practice
Authors: St. Jean Sean A R , Rasmussen Brian , Gillespie Judy , Salhani Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChild protection workers are routinely faced with emotionally intense work, both personally and vicariously through the traumatic narratives and experiences of parents and children. What remains largely unknown is how child protection workers’ own childhood memories might influence the manner in which they experience and are affected by those narratives. The aim of this explorative study was to use Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis as a research methodology to answer the research question, ‘In what ways do social workers experience, and make sense of, their own childhood memories in the context of their child protection practice?’ Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight child protection workers, aiming to understand their personal and professional experiences with regard to this question. The study found a relationship between various forms of childhood adversity and the presence of negative present-day triggers when participants were faced with practice scenarios that bore similarity to those experiences. Implications with regard to child protection worker well-being, countertransference and risk decision-making are discussed.
Arterial oxygen saturation and hypoxemia in hemodialysis patients with COVID-19
Authors: Preciado Priscila , Tapia Silva Leticia M , Ye Xiaoling , Zhang Hanjie , Wang Yuedong , Waguespack Peter , Kooman Jeroen P , Kotanko Peter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are particularly vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral disease that may cause interstitial pneumonia, impaired alveolar gas exchange and hypoxemia. We ascertained the time course of intradialytic arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in MHD patients between 4 weeks pre-diagnosis and the week post-diagnosis of COVID-19.

Methods
We conducted a quality improvement project in confirmed COVID-19 in-center MHD patients from 11 dialysis facilities. In patients with an arterio-venous access, SaO2 was measured 1×/min during dialysis using the Crit-Line monitor (Fresenius Medical Care, Waltham, MA, USA). We extracted demographic, clinical, treatment and laboratory data, and COVID-19-related symptoms from the patients’ electronic health records.

Results
Intradialytic SaO2 was available in 52 patients (29 males; mean ± standard deviation age 66.5 ± 15.7 years) contributing 338 HD treatments. Mean time between onset of symptoms indicative of COVID-19 and diagnosis was 1.1 days (median 0; range 0–9). Prior to COVID-19 diagnosis the rate of HD treatments with hypoxemia, defined as treatment-level average SaO2 &lt;90%, increased from 2.8% (2–4 weeks pre-diagnosis) to 12.2% (1 week) and 20.7% (3 days pre-diagnosis). Intradialytic O2 supplementation increased sharply post-diagnosis. Eleven patients died from COVID-19 within 5 weeks. Compared with patients who recovered from COVID-19, demised patients showed a more pronounced decline in SaO2 prior to COVID-19 diagnosis.

Conclusions
In HD patients, hypoxemia may precede the onset of clinical symptoms and the diagnosis of COVID-19. A steep decline of SaO2 is associated with poor patient outcomes. Measurements of SaO2 may aid the pre-symptomatic identification of patients with COVID-19.
EAPC Core Curriculum for Preventive Cardiology
Authors: Wilhelm Matthias , Abreu Ana , Adami Paolo Emilio , Ambrosetti Marco , Antonopoulou Maria , Biffi Alessandro , Cavarretta Elena , D'Ascenzi Flavio , Gibson Irene , Grobbee Diederick E , Iliou Marie-Christine , Koskinas Konstantinos , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Nixdorff Uwe , Papadakis Michael , Piepoli Massimo F , Vassiliou Vass , Wood David , Dendale Paul , Halle Martin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Preventive cardiology encompasses the whole spectrum of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, at individual and population level, through all stages of life. This includes promotion of cardiovascular (CV) health, management of individuals at risk of developing CVD, and management of patients with established CVD, through interdisciplinary care in different settings. Preventive cardiology addresses all aspects of CV health in the context of the social determinants of health, including physical activity, exercise, sports, nutrition, weight management, smoking cessation, psychosocial factors and behavioural change, environmental, genetic and biological risk factors, and CV protective medications.
This is the first European Core Curriculum for Preventive Cardiology, which will help to standardize, structure, deliver, and evaluate training in preventive cardiology across Europe. It will be the basis for dedicated fellowship programmes and a European Society of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) subspecialty certification for cardiologists, with the intention to improve quality and outcome in CVD prevention.
Study ofCXCL9-11gene polymorphisms in liver fibrosis among patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Magri Mariana Cavalheiro , Alvarez Maria Stella Montanha , Iogi Anny Ayumi , Alves Grayce Mendes , Manchiero Caroline , Dantas Bianca Peixoto , Prata Thamiris Vaz Gago , Nunes Arielle Karen da Silva , Tengan Fátima Mitiko 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTSeveral factors are associated with the progression of chronic hepatitis C: comorbidities, lifestyle, and pathogenic factors, including immune response, apoptosis and heredity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genes are more widely studied genetic risk factors, while CXCL9–11 chemokines produced by hepatocytes in the process of infection are less well studied. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921 and CXCL11 rs4619915 in liver fibrosis when analysed together with PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926. The study included 219 patients with chronic hepatitis C. SNP genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to detect the association between SNPs and advanced fibrosis in a recessive genetic model. All SNPs had a minimum allele frequency &gt;5%, and CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921 and CXCL11 rs4619915 were in high linkage disequilibrium (D′ ≥ 0.84). In the multivariate analysis, we observed that male gender (P = 0.000), older age (P = 0.025), moderate to intense inflammatory activity (P = 0.002), moderate to accentuated hepatic steatosis (P = 0.026) and the CT genotype of the TM6SF2 rs58542926 SNP (P = 0.014) presented significant associations with advanced fibrosis. Overall, the CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921, CXCL11 rs4619915 and PNPLA3 rs738409 SNPs did not influence liver fibrosis among patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Multiple origins of a frameshift insertion in a mitochondrial gene in birds and turtles
Authors: Andreu-Sánchez Sergio , Chen Wanjun , Stiller Josefin , Zhang Guojie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
During evolutionary history, molecular mechanisms have emerged to cope with deleterious mutations. Frameshift insertions in protein-coding sequences are extremely rare because they disrupt the reading frame. There are a few known examples of their correction through translational frameshifting, a process that enables ribosomes to skip nucleotides during translation to regain proper reading frame. Corrective frameshifting has been proposed to act on the single base pair insertion at position 174 of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene (ND3) that has been observed in several turtles and birds. However, the relatively sparse taxonomic representation has hampered our understanding of the evolution of this insertion in vertebrates.

Results
Here, we analyzed 87,707 ND3 sequences from 10,309 vertebrate taxa to reveal the evolutionary history of this insertion and its common genomic characteristics. We confirmed that the insertion only appears in turtles and birds and reconstructed that it evolved independently in both groups with complex patterns of gains and losses. The insertion was observed in almost all bird orders but was absent in all members of the diverse Passeriformes. We found strong conservation in the nucleotides surrounding the insertion in both turtles and birds, which implies that the insertion enforces structural constraints that could be involved in its correction.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that frameshifts can be widespread and can be retained for millions of years if they are embedded in a conserved sequence theme.
Has the Tibetan Plateau risen in the Early/Mid-Miocene? Constraints from plate-motion reconstructions and seismicity of the Indian Ocean lithosphere
Authors: Iaffaldano Giampiero 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYMagnetization records and seismic stratigraphy of the Indian Ocean lithosphere indicate that the Early/Mid-Miocene onset of diffuse contractional deformation coincided with slowdowns of the Indian and Capricorn plate motions. At present day, such deformation is evidenced by the seismicity of the Indian Ocean floor. Deformation onset and past plate-motion slowdowns have been interpreted as consequences of a sudden uplift of the Tibetan Plateau by 1–2 km, as this—following previous estimates—would generate a tectonically significant force between 4 × 1012 and 8 × 1012 N m−1. However, this view remains at odds with palaeoaltimetry estimates from geological and geochemical data, which indicate no increase in plateau altitude throughout the Miocene. Here, I use well-established models of viscous/brittle dynamics in inverse mode in order to constrain the amount of force that should be delivered by the Tibetan region to the Indian tectonic setting in order to explain the observations above. Results constrain such a force within the range from 4.3 × 1011 to 3.5 × 1012 N m−1. By comparison with previous estimates of the force associated with topography increase, these analyses suggest that the Early/Mid-Miocene onset of contractional deformation and plate-motion slowdowns within the Indian Ocean require minimal uplift of the Tibet Plateau of a few hundred metres. The seemingly contradicting inferences on Early/Mid-Miocene Tibetan uplift that come from geophysical and geological/geochemical observations can be reconciled by noting that the required uplift amount is less than what is resolvable by modern palaeoaltimetry techniques.
‘Likely to make good soldiers’: mobilizing Britain’s criminal population during the First World War
Authors: McKay Cameron 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
During the First World War Britain’s criminals were mobilized in much the same way as the rest of society. Courts allowed defendants to avoid prison if they enlisted, while borstal boys, and later adult prisoners, were also granted early release. Although enlistment offered a chance for rehabilitation, criminals were also desirable due to their violent nature, and enlisting them reduced the cost of imprisonment at a time of straitened economic circumstances. How the war was interpreted and later remembered left little room for the inclusion of criminals, which effectively removed them from the collective narrative.