bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of direct oral anticoagulants on thrombin generation on Ceveron TGA
Authors: Pfrepper Christian , Behrendt Lisa‐Charlott , Bönigk Hagen , Siegemund Thomas , Metze Michael , Franke Dirk , Petros Sirak , Siegemund Annelie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionMonitoring of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with calibrated anti‐Xa assay is limited by the high intra‐ and interindividual variations of the test results. Thrombin generation (TG) is a global hemostatic assay that reflects the patient´s individual coagulation status. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of DOACs on TG measured with a fully automated assay system.MethodsAll consecutive patients under apixaban and rivaroxaban coming to the outpatient coagulation center MVZ Limbach, Magdeburg, Germany between October 2017 and April 2020 were included. DOAC plasma levels were correlated with TG assessed using the fully automated Ceveron TG analyzer.ResultsA total of 703 rivaroxaban and 252 apixaban containing plasma samples were included. There was a significant correlation between DOAC plasma levels and all TG parameters except for lag time regarding apixaban. Time to peak and peak thrombin followed an exponential regression curve, while this was linear for the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). Apixaban showed a lower correlation coefficient for all TG parameters compared with rivaroxaban, and thrombin generation was less influenced by apixaban than rivaroxaban at plasma levels >100 ng/ml. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of normal TG parameters for the prediction of DOAC plasma levels <30 ng/ml was >85%.ConclusionThe present data show a moderate predominantly nonlinear correlation between TG parameters and plasma levels of apixaban and rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban has a stronger effect on TG than apixaban.
Are workers rewarded for inconsistent performance?
Authors: Özdemir Anil , Dietl Helmut , Rossi Giambattista , Simmons Rob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines whether workers are rewarded for inconsistent performance by salary premia. Some earlier research suggests that performance inconsistency leads to salary premia, while other research finds premia for consistent performance. Using detailed salary and performance data for top‐level footballers in Italy’s Serie A, we find that inconsistency is penalized for some important dimensions of basic performance measures associated with key skills of players, specifically clearances, aerial duels won, and shots on target.
Inequality at work and employees' perceptions of organisational fairness
Authors: Gallie Duncan , Felstead Alan , Green Francis , Henseke Golo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe need to promote fairness at work, as a way of both enhancing employee well‐being and raising productivity, has become increasingly central to political discourse. There has been little research, however, on perceptions of fairness across the diverse spectrum of employees in the workforce—the extent to which they regard their organisations as fair and the work experiences that most strongly inform their judgements about fairness. The paper draws on a representative national sample of British employees to examine the distribution and potential determinants of their views about the overall fairness of their organisations and how these differ by occupational class and sex. As well as pointing to the central importance of employee voice and the quality of supervisory treatment, it shows that the level of work intensity and job security are strongly associated with evaluations of fairness. In contrast, the effects of pay policies are relatively modest.
Copper oxide‐ and copper‐modified antibacterial ceramic surfaces
Authors: Acikbas Gokhan , Calis Acikbas Nurcan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the present study, copper oxide (CuO) and copper (Cu) particles were characterized and investigated to observe the effects of antimicrobial activity on ceramic tile surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used for particle characterization. A new formulation of antimicrobial glaze was achieved by the combination of two glaze compositions with different Cu and CuO content to obtain micro–nano hybrid surface morphology to provide the antibacterial property. Surface morphology of coated ceramic surfaces was examined by SEM in detail and water contact angles were measured with goniometer. The relationships between antibacterial effect, phase evolution, surface topography, and wettability of surfaces were determined. The tenorite phase of CuO was observed on both Cu‐ and CuO‐modified surfaces. Both Cu and CuO particles in glazed ceramic surfaces showed the similar antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity was dependent on mainly tenorite phase crystallization. The amount of the tenorite phase that was slightly higher in the case of Cu‐incorporated surfaces instead of CuO and hence the bactericidal effect was slightly more pronounced. Although the developed surfaces are not hydrophobic, they show antibacterial properties.
Thermal niche dimensionality could limit species’ responses to temperature changes: Insights from dung beetles
Authors: Calatayud Joaquín , Hortal Joaquín , Noriega Jorge Ari , Arcones Ángel , Espinoza Verónica R. , Guil Noemí , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimAdequate responses of species to climate changes require that thermal changes remain compatible across different key biological aspects (e.g. reproduction, feeding and development). However, limits of thermal compatibility to such biological aspects are largely unknown in extant ectotherm groups. To fill this gap, we studied the intraspecific congruence of thermal responses across biological aspects.LocationIberian Peninsula.TaxonScarabaeidae Dung beetles.MethodsWe studied the role of temperature in determining the diel, seasonal and geographical occurrences of 16 dung beetle species. We fitted polynomial GLMs of the abundance/occurrence of each species as a function of temperature and alternative predictors for each spatiotemporal scale, using deviance partitioning to explore the relative contribution of temperature. We used the fitted models to estimate realized thermal niche attributes at these three spatiotemporal scales, and assessed their intraspecific congruence through the correlation of niche attributes from different scales.ResultsWe found that temperature has relatively low—but not negligible—explanatory capacity at the three spatiotemporal scales, once alternative predictors are taken into account. More importantly, the estimated thermal responses were largely incongruent across scales, indicating that these species have multidimensional thermal niches.Main conclusionsThe multidimensionality of thermal niches entails that species’ adjustments to fulfil temperature requirements for one biological aspect (such as seasonal ontogenetic cycles) may result in detrimental effects on other elements (e.g. diel activity). These trade‐offs could expose individuals to inadequate temperatures at certain moments, reducing populations’ performance. Paradoxically, the weak effects of temperature we found may have severe consequences for species responses to warming if temperature regulates essential aspects of their biology in divergent ways.
CAR‐T therapy: Prospects in targeting cancer stem cells
Authors: Cui Xiaoyue , Liu Rui , Duan Lian , Cao Dan , Zhang Qiaoling , Zhang Aijie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs), a group of tumour cells with stem cell characteristics, have the ability of self‐renewal, multi‐lineage differentiation and tumour formation. Since CSCs are resistant to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, their existence may be one of the root causes of cancer treatment failure and tumour progression. The elimination of CSCs may be effective for eventual tumour eradication. Because of the good therapeutic effects without major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction and the unique characteristics of CSCs, chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy is expected to be an important method to eliminate CSCs. In this review, we have discussed the feasibility of CSCs‐targeted CAR‐T therapy for cancer treatment, summarized current research and clinical trials of targeting CSCs with CAR‐T cells and forecasted the challenges and future direction from the perspectives of toxicity, persistence and potency, trafficking, infiltration, immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, and tumour heterogeneity.
Virus infections of the European Eel in North Rhine Westphalian rivers
Authors: Danne Linna , Horn Lisa , Feldhaus Anita , Fey Daniel , Emde Sebastian , Schütze Heike , Adamek Mikolaj , Hellmann John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractViral infections have been suggested to play a role in the decline of the panmictic population of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). However, despite the importance of knowledge about pathogenic eel viruses, little is known about their spread in the wild European eel population and only a few eel pathogenic viruses have been described so far. In this study, we aimed to investigate the health status of the A. anguilla stock in North Rhine Westphalia (NRW) State of Germany. For this purpose, we examined tissue samples of 16 elvers, 100 yellow eels and 6 silver eels, sampled from the rivers Rhine, Lippe and Ems. Virus detection was performed via a combination of cell culture and PCR. Next to the detection of frequently encountered pathogenic eel viruses (anguillid herpesvirus 1 and eel virus European X (EVEX)), we isolated the eel picornavirus 1 (EPV‐1) from tissue of yellow eels and elvers and demonstrate the distribution of EPV‐1 in wild eel population in NRW.
Rapid proliferation of the parasitic copepod, Salmincola californiensis (Dana), on kokanee salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), in a large Colorado reservoir
Authors: Lepak Jesse M. , Hansen Adam G. , Hooten Mevin B. , Brauch Daniel , Vigil Estevan M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEcologically and economically valuable Pacific salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus spp.) are widespread and susceptible to the ectoparasite Salmincola californiensis (Dana). The range of this freshwater copepod has expanded, and in 2015, S. californiensis was observed in Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, USA, an important kokanee salmon (O. nerka, Walbaum) egg source for sustaining fisheries. Few S. californiensis were detected on kokanee salmon in 2016 (<10% prevalence; 2 adult S. californiensis maximum). By 2020, age‐3 kokanee salmon had 100% S. californiensis prevalence and mean intensity exceeding 50 adult copepods. Year and kokanee salmon age/maturity (older/mature) were consistently identified as significant predictors of S. californiensis prevalence/intensity. There was evidence that S. californiensis spread rapidly, but their population growth was maximized at the initiation (the first 2–3 years) of the invasion. Gills and heads of kokanee salmon carried the highest S. californiensis loads. S. californiensis population growth appears to be slowing, but S. californiensis expansion occurred concomitant with myriad environmental/biological factors. These factors and inherent variance in S. californiensis count data may have obscured patterns that continued monitoring of parasite–host dynamics, when S. californiensis abundance is more stable, might reveal. The rapid proliferation of S. californiensis indicates that in 5 years a system can go from a light infestation to supporting hosts carrying hundreds of parasites, and concern remains about the sustainability of this kokanee salmon population.
What are the prospects for ultrasound technology in food processing? An update on the main effects on different food matrices, drawbacks, and applications
Authors: Arruda Tarsila Rodrigues , Vieira Patty , Silva Bárbara Moreira , Freitas Talma Duarte , do Amaral Ana Júlia Bento , Vieira Erica Nascif Rufino , Leite Júnior Bruno Ricardo de Castro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUltrasound is a promising technology that emerges as a sustainable and low‐cost alternative to conventional food processing. Various advantages are related to this technology, including the improvement of food quality, maintenance of food preservation, reduced processing time, and monitoring of food processes. Despite the extensive knowledge about ultrasonic technologies, it is continually updated, and new applications are constantly discovered. Reported results show that ultrasound can be applied, alone or in assisted conditions, to several food matrices, such as meats, fresh products, juices, cereals, and fermented products. However, its use still presents some challenges that include the difficulty of large‐scale applications. Recent studies evidenced current prospects for ultrasound technology, especially by improving novel food processes, such as depolymerization, extraction, emulsion production, and even assisting the removal of pesticides in fresh foods. This review summarizes the main applications and strategies of ultrasound technology in food processing. In addition, the challenges and future perspectives of this technology are also updated.Practical applicationsUltrasound is a widespread technology in food processing, and a great number of applications have been attributed to ultrasound in last decades. This low‐cost alternative offers several advantages, such as reduction in time processing (e.g., elimination of process steps), enhanced efficiency, better attributes to different food products, also, its nondestructive nature allows the retention of product characteristics (textural, nutritional, and sensorial aspects). All these properties made ultrasound an interesting tool for improving food shelf life. Recently, new ultrasound utilities had been discovered, especially in association other processing techniques. An update on ultrasound applications is currently required, providing further essential scope for industrial implementation of ultrasound (i.e., processing operations, food matrix, benefits, limitations).
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in value‐added commodities procured from farmers' markets in Central Virginia
Authors: Kim Chyer , Fatani Abeer , Almuqati Rehab , Rahemi Alireza , Abujamous Abeer , Wynn Crystal , Nartea Theresa , Ndegwa Eunice , Rutto Laban , Dhakal Ramesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFood safety concerns associated with products purchased at farmers' markets have arisen, highlighting the growing need for farmers' market consumer and producer awareness of potential public health issues. The focus of this quantitative research study was to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in select value‐added commodities (i.e., animal treats, soil amendments, herbs, honey, dressings, exotic foods, etc.) randomly procured from farmers' markets in Central Virginia. Between March and November 2017, collection of 194 samples originating from 40 individual farmers' market vendors selling at 11 different farmers' markets transpired. Detection of potentially harmful bacterial species within collected samples was as follows: 0.5% Campylobacter, 24.5% Escherichia coli, 16.7% Listeria, and 1.0% Salmonella. Bacterial isolates (n = 155) of Campylobacter, E. coli, Listeria, and Salmonella were tested for their susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials. Tetracycline and ampicillin resistance showed the highest frequency among E. coli (approximately 30%) isolates. Nalidixic acid resistance was the highest in Listeria isolates (79.4%). Approximately 17% of E. coli isolates and more than 50% of each Campylobacter, Listeria, and Salmonella isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). No E. coli isolates had matching pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis profiles demonstrating that the isolates had a high degree of genomic diversity and farm specificity. This study demonstrated an emerging public health threat of the presence of MDR arising from farmers' market‐acquired value‐added commodities. The importance of this research study highlights the value of implementing good agricultural and handling practices from farm (producer vendors) to table (consumers) to avert potential foodborne illness occurrence. Future research to determine potential reasons and supply chain interventions for the observed prevalence of MDR bacterial isolates from farmers' market value‐added products is paramount.
Controlling Campylobacter jejuni in vitro and in chicken using combinations of citrus‐based and trisodium phosphate formulations
Authors: Solís‐Soto Luisa , Prabhakarankutty Laiju Kuzhippillymyal , García Santos , Ortíz‐Reyes Yaraymi , Heredia Norma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCampylobacter frequently contaminates chicken. Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used for chicken decontamination; however, reduction of chemical preservatives is desirable. This study analyzed the efficacy of two commercial citrus‐based products (CitroSan [CS] and Citrol‐K Ultra [CK]) alone and in combination with TSP for reduction of Campylobacter in vitro and in chicken. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the preservatives alone or in combination was determined against Campylobacter jejuni. Their ability to reduce bacteria in raw chicken and their effect on the sensorial characteristics of the meat were determined. The MBCs obtained were 0.5 ± 0.04% for TSP, 0.05 ± 0.0006% for CS, and 0.0006 ± 0.0001% for CK. When combined, bactericidal concentrations varied. Following contact with TSP–CS and TSP–CK for 6 hr, C. jejuni was reduced from 106 to <100 CFU/g. Concentrations below those used in industry (2% TSP, 0.3% CS, and 0.05% CK) were added on the raw chicken skin before (B: treated with TSP and then inoculated) and after (A: inoculated and then treated with TSP) inoculation of Campylobacter. TSP (A) reduced C. jejuni by 92.6% after 24 hr, whereas TSP (B) caused a 36% reduction. TSP (A and B) in combination with both CS and CK caused 98.9 and 95.9% reduction, respectively, after 120 hr. The CS–CK combination (without TSP) reduced bacteria to undetectable levels after 48 hr. No significant differences were detected in the sensorial characteristics of treated wings. All the combinations tested, but especially 0.3% TSP + 0.0003% CK represent alternatives to control C. jejuni in chicken and reduce or avoid synthetic preservatives.
Family reports of end‐of‐life care among veterans in home‐based primary care: The role of hospice
Authors: Kinder Daniel , Smith Dawn , Ersek Mary , Wachterman Melissa , Thorpe Joshua , Davis Darlene , Kutney‐Lee Ann 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)'s home‐based primary care (HBPC) program provides coordinated, interdisciplinary care to seriously ill and disabled veterans, but few evaluations have considered end‐of‐life (EOL) care in this population. The aim of this study was to describe veterans' use of community‐based hospice services while enrolled in HBPC and their associations with bereaved families' perceptions of care.MethodsThis study was a retrospective analysis of electronic medical record and bereaved family survey (BFS) data for veterans who died while enrolled in VA's HBPC program between October 2013 and September 2019. Seven regional VA networks called Veteran Integrated Service Networks participated in BFS data collection. The final sample included 3967 veterans who were receiving HBPC services at the time of death and whose next‐of‐kin completed a BFS. The primary outcome was the BFS global rating of care received in the last 30 days of life. Adjusted proportions for all BFS outcomes were examined and compared between those who received community‐based hospice services and those who did not.ResultsOverall, 52.6% of BFS respondents reported that the care received by HBPC‐enrolled veterans in the last 30 days of life was excellent using the BFS global rating. Among families of HBPC‐enrolled veterans who received community‐based hospice services, the BFS global rating was roughly eight percentage points higher than those who did not (55.7 vs. 47.0%, p < 0.001). On 12 of the 14 secondary BFS outcomes, veterans who received hospice scored higher than those who did not.ConclusionsReceipt of hospice services while enrolled in HBPC was associated with higher ratings of EOL care by bereaved family members. Integration of community hospice partners for qualifying veterans who are enrolled in the HBPC program represents a potential opportunity to improve the overall experience of EOL care for veterans and their families.
Invasive mammary carcinoma in a black‐handed spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi)
Authors: Díaz‐Delgado J. , Douglas P. , Stoneburg S. , Cirqueira C. , Gomez G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMammary neoplasia is rare in nonhuman primates other than macaques; records in New World primates are exceedingly rare. We report the pathologic and immunohistochemical features of an invasive carcinoma no special type with neuroendocrine differentiation in a captive, black‐handed spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi).
Optimization of capsaicin‐induced dermal blood flow measurement by laser Doppler imaging in cynomolgus macaque
Authors: Tsai Sheung Pun , Lo Jeffrey B. , Yeung Jeremy M. , Allen Phillip C. , Roberts Jeffrey A. , Hwa Granger G.C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCapsaicin is used in several areas of non‐human primate research including allodynia and dermal blood flow (DBF). The capsaicin‐induced DBF increase was measured using laser Doppler imaging (LDI), but this response is known to diminish upon repeated topical applications. Refinement of the experimental procedures could improve the rigor and reproducibility of the DBF migraine model.MethodsOptimal anatomical site in cynomolgus was determined, and conditions and experimental settings for DBF measurement using LDI were established. Then, two study design trial structures were compared.ResultsMedial thigh was the preferrable site, and an ethanol‐Tween 20 formulation of capsaicin was desirable. A 1‐week washout for contralateral side or 2‐week washout for ipsilateral side was necessary to eradicate capsaicin desensitization.ConclusionsWith the established technicality in DBF measurements in cynomolgus macaques, the capsaicin‐induced DBF model may be utilized in translational medical research in developing migraine therapeutics.