bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interspecific variation in clonality in temperate lianas revealed by genetic analysis: Do clonal proliferation processes differ among lianas?
Authors: Mori Hideki , Ueno Saneyoshi , Kamijo Takashi , Tsumura Yoshihiko , Masaki Takashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLianas are important components of forest communities with a considerable impact on overall forest structure and function. Lianas are characterized by extensive clonal reproduction on the forest floor, which is important for their establishment and growth. Previous studies have suggested that clonal reproduction strategies vary substantially among liana species; however, few studies have quantitatively evaluated the clonality strategy in multiple co‐occurring liana species. The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the relative contribution of clonal reproduction and to understand the clonal proliferation processes in co‐occurring liana species by assessing both small stems on the forest floor and mature stems that climbed trees. The clonal reproduction strategy in four common liana species (stem twiner: Wisteria floribunda; root climbers: Schizophragma hydrangeoides, Euonymus fortunei and Rhus ambigua) in a 6‐ha plot and a belt transect within an old‐growth temperate forest in central Japan was evaluated using genetic analysis. The contribution of clonal reproduction was smaller in root climbers than in W. floribunda. All W. floribunda genets with small ramets in the understory had genetically identical ramets that climbed trees, whereas few such ramets were found in root climbers. This indicates that W. floribunda mature ramets laterally produce small ramets via clonal proliferation, whereas seedlings of root climbers grow horizontally to climb trees. The results indicate that the clonal reproduction processes differ greatly among lianas and the clonal growth in lianas plays a contrasting role in their life‐history strategy.
The social construction of gender variance in childhood, adolescence and parenthood: A story completion study
Authors: Butler Catherine , Beavis Jonathan , Aldallal Fatema , Nelson‐Hall Serena , Shah‐Beckley Iduna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdults and children with gender variance (GV) face misunderstanding and discrimination, sometimes leading to mental health difficulties. Family support has been found to buffer these difficulties or to compound them when lacking (Westwater et al., 2019). However, little is known about how GV is considered in the context of families. In the current study, online story completion elicited forty‐five narratives of family life where a protagonist discloses their GV. The older the protagonist, the more seriously their disclosure was taken. All family members were depicted as being impacted by the disclosure, and social stigma and bullying were often the expected consequence. Heteronormative and gender‐binary thinking dominated the stories both in the descriptions of the protagonist's transition from one gender to another, and in the descriptions of the gender‐typical behaviour of the other family members. Non‐binary genders were rarely considered, and a dysphoric view of GV was often held.
Practitioner points

This study confirmed that heteronormative and binary‐gendered views predominate society, and so families, who will want to protect and support their GV member, will value support from therapists to navigate this territory.

Family therapy is helpful to explore the multiple perspectives held within families when one member discloses gender variance, and challenge heteronormative and gender‐binary discourses.

Non‐binary identities should be supported as a valid identity in their own right and not a transition point from one gender to another.
A rare case of sudden death due to IgG4‐related giant coronary artery aneurysms
Authors: Chan Shijia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImmunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a fibro‐inflammatory condition that can affect many organs, either simultaneously or metachronously. In recent years, IgG4‐related vascular complications of larger arteries such as the aorta and iliac arteries have been increasingly identified. Among vascular complications, coronary artery involvement in the forms of either periarteritis or coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) has also been reported; however, are very rare in comparison. This case report presents a rare case of a sudden death due to occlusive thrombosis of IgG4‐related giant CAAs measuring up to 10 cm in diameter, demonstrates their possible clinical progression, and shows how they can distort normal anatomy which may then pose challenges in the interpretation of postmortem‐computed tomography scans. It also briefly discusses the diagnosis of IgG4‐RD in arteries, both clinically and in the postmortem setting.
Is COVID‐19 the straw that broke the back of the emergency nursing workforce?
Authors: Cornish Sarah , Klim Sharon , Kelly Anne‐Maree 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the intentions of Australian emergency nurses to remain in or leave emergency nursing after the first year of the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsSub‐study of a survey of Australian emergency nurses about the impact of COVID‐19 on their work, life and career. This sub‐study focused on future career intentions, especially intentions to remain in or leave emergency nursing.ResultsThere were 398 eligible responses. 48.2% of respondents reported that they intended to leave emergency nursing within 5 years. Nurses in EDs who received COVID positive patients were more likely to express an intention to leave ED nursing (P = 0.016). Having directly cared for a COVID positive patient was not statistically associated with intention to leave ED nursing (P = 0.17). Excluding nurses aged >60 years, there was no statistical difference in expressed intention to leave ED nursing between age groups (P = 0.32), nurses with/without a higher qualification (P = 0.32) or number of years in ED nursing (P = 0.54). Intention to leave emergency nursing was associated with not feeling more connected to their emergency nursing colleagues (P = 0.03), the broader ED team (P = 0.008) and their organisation (P = 0.03) since the onset of the pandemic.ConclusionThe data suggest that approximately 1 year after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia, a high proportion of ED nurses intend to leave ED nursing within 5 years, which will exacerbate pre‐existing shortages. Active strategies to address this are urgently needed.
Being in a queer time: Exploring the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on LGBTQ+ body image
Authors: Quathamer Natalie (Nat) , Joy Phillip 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe isolating public health measures mandated during the COVID‐19 pandemic had complex influences on the lives and body image of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer individuals (LGBTQ+) in Canada. The aim of this study was to explore the impact the COVID‐19 pandemic had on body image for LGBTQ+ Canadians.MethodsThe qualitative research process was guided by queer theory and poststructuralism and consisted of an online survey with open‐ended questions and semi‐structured virtual interviews. A total of 70 self‐identifying LGBTQ+ individuals completed the survey, and eight individuals partook in the interviews. Responses were analysed using Foucauldian discourse analysis.ResultsFour major discursive considerations were found to shape participants' experiences, including, (a) time for reflection, (b) time away from social surveillance, (c) time to work on oneself, and (d) time to (dis)connect. Woven through these considerations were social discourses of hetero‐cis‐normativity, healthism, and resistance.DiscussionThe COVID‐19 pandemic was a ‘queer time’ for LGBTQ+ people. Competing social discourses created complex and often contradictory meanings of bodies and body image. COVID‐19‐related self‐isolation was for some participants a reprieve from constant body monitoring while for others it was a time of continued pressure to embody body ideals. Participants suggested that nutritional messages during such times be ones of compassion and non‐judgement of bodies.
Effect of L‐calcium lactate, zinc lactate, and ferric sodium EDTA on the physicochemical and functional properties of liquid whole egg
Authors: Hou Yuliang , Xu Xiaoqian , Hu Wei , Pei Haibing , Chen Hongbing , Tong Ping , Gao Jinyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and functional properties of liquid whole egg (LWE) with L‐calcium lactate (L‐Ca), zinc lactate (L‐Zn), and sodium ferric EDTA (NaFeEDTA), and to compare with NaCl addition to determine the application potential of these mineral supplements. Results showed that salts addition significantly influenced the foaming, emulsifying, and gelling properties of LWE, which was possible through affecting the pH, particle size, surface hydrophobicity, apparent viscosity, and solubility. The addition of all the four salts reduced pH but increased the d4,3 diameter of LWE. Additionally, the addition of 200 mM L‐Ca and 6 mM L‐Zn significantly improved the emulsifying capacity by 41.73% and 13.6%, the foaming capacity by 26.57% and 10%, and the protein solubility by 13.89% and 12.70%, respectively. In the meantime, mineral supplements tend to produce lower hardness gel, especially with 25 mM L‐Ca and 8 mM L‐Zn, and the hardness was decreased from 2401.13 to 1138.29 and 1175.59 g, respectively. A relative decrease in hardness was desirable in gelled egg products. Moreover, the addition of NaCl and L‐Ca showed a higher redness and yellowness, but the addition of NaFeEDTA showed an undesirable color in dark brown, which may be not accepted by the public. In summary, L‐Ca and L‐Zn had great potential for application in LWE, which was more appropriate than adding NaCl. This study provides a basis for improving the functional properties of LWE products in the future.Practical ApplicationThe addition of L‐Ca and L‐Zn to liquid whole egg (LWE) could improve the foaming and emulsifying capacity of LWE as well as produce a lower hardness gel, which may be more conducive to the production of cake, custards, and meat products. Meantime, it is more in line with people's pursuit of a healthy diet.
Explaining Investors' Fixation on Increasing Revenue: An Experimental Investigation of the Differential Reaction to Revenues versus Expenses*
Authors: Smith James , Wynes Michael 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTPrior research has demonstrated that investors have differential reactions to revenue increases versus expense decreases in firms with positive earnings surprises. We use the experimental method to explain how this differential reaction is, at least in part, due to a heuristic‐like process in investors' decision‐making processes. Critical to our study, we further demonstrate that when revenue increases explain even a small portion of that surprise, investors make more positive judgments about the firm than one might expect. This somewhat surprising result occurs even though those same investors provide similar earnings forecasts for the next period, indicating that our results are not entirely caused by differential judgments regarding the persistence of the earnings surprise. These findings are consistent with the halo effect, a phenomenon described in psychology literature in which, when making evaluations, one's focus on a certain salient factor impacts assessments regarding other factors. This article helps to explain some of the complexities with individual investor behavior when evaluating the impact of changes in revenues and expenses. Specifically, investors' preference for revenue increases as compared to expense decreases is partially caused by biases that are not obvious to investors, making it difficult for them to adjust for these biases.
Minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia based on fusion genes and genomic deletions: towards MRD for all
Authors: Kuiper Roland P. , Hoogeveen Patricia G. , Bladergroen Reno , van Dijk Freerk , Sonneveld Edwin , van Leeuwen Frank N. , Boer Judith , Sergeeva Irina , Feitsma Harma , den Boer Monique L. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryMinimal residual disease (MRD) diagnostics are implemented in most clinical protocols for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and are mostly performed using rearranged immunoglobulin (IG) and/or T‐cell receptor (TR) gene rearrangements as molecular polymerase chain reaction targets. Unfortunately, in 5–10% of patients no or no sensitive IG/TR targets are available, and patients therefore cannot be stratified appropriately. In the present study, we used fusion genes and genomic deletions as alternative MRD targets in these patients, which retrospectively revealed appropriate MDR stratification in 79% of patients with no (sensitive) IG/TR target, and a different risk group stratification in more than half of the cases.
Effect of short‐term use of dapagliflozin on impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: van Meijel Lian A. , Tack Cees J. , de Galan Bastiaan E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimImpaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) affects about 25% of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). IAH can be reversed by strict avoidance of hypoglycaemia for at least 3 weeks. Adjunctive treatment with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors may reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia through reduction of glucose variability. We tested the hypothesis that short‐term use of dapagliflozin may improve awareness of hypoglycaemia in people with T1DM and IAH.Materials and MethodsFifteen patients with T1DM and IAH were included in this randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over trial (age 49.7 ± 14.6 years, 40% men, disease duration 24.1 ± 14.2 years, glycated haemoglobin 7.5 ± 0.8% (58.6 ± 8.4 mmol/mol). They were treated with dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily or matching placebo, with a washout period of 2 weeks. At the end of each treatment period, participants underwent a modified hyperinsulinaemic normoglycaemic‐hypoglycaemic glucose clamp (glucose nadir 2.5 mmol/L). Blinded continuous glucose monitors were used in the final treatment weeks.ResultsTreatment with dapagliflozin significantly improved glycated haemoglobin [−0.32 ± 0.10 vs. 0.22 ± 0.13% (−4.1 ± 0.9 vs. 2.3 ± 1.4 mmol/mol), dapagliflozin vs. placebo, p = .007] and glucose variability (standard deviation, 2.6 ± 0.2 vs. 3.1 ± 0.3 mmol/L, p = .029), but did not affect the frequency of hypoglycaemia. During the hypoglycaemic clamp, dapagliflozin did not affect symptom responses (8.0 ± 3.4 vs. 5.2 ± 1.6, p = .31), but significantly reduced the need for exogenous glucose to maintain hypoglycaemia (3.2 ± 0.3 vs. 4.1 ± 0.4 mg/kg/min, p = .022).ConclusionsEight weeks of treatment with dapagliflozin did not restore hypoglycaemic awareness in people with T1DM and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia, but ameliorated some clinical aspects.
Trends in glycaemic control and drug use in males and females with type 2 diabetes: Results of the Australian National Diabetes Audit from 2013 to 2019
Authors: Xiang Angie S. , Szwarcbard Naomi , Gasevic Danijela , Earnest Arul , Pease Anthony , Andrikopoulos Sof , Wischer Natalie , Davis Wendy , Zoungas Sophia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate temporal changes in glycaemic control and the use of antihyperglycaemic therapies in females and males with type 2 diabetes from 2013 to 2019.MethodsData from adult patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 11 930; 44.9% females, mean [SD] age of 62.9 [12.9] years) were analysed from the 2013 to 2019 biennial cross‐sectional Australian National Diabetes Audit.ResultsMean HbA1c remained similar throughout the years examined and between the sexes (7.8%‐8.3%, 62‐67 mmol/mol; P > .05). The number of antihyperglycaemic agents used by both sexes increased from 2013 to 2019 (P < .001), with more agents used by males (P = .014). From 2013 to 2019, there were increasing proportions of both sexes using dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (females: 11.7%‐25.7%, P = .045; males: 11.6%‐29.5%, P = .036) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (females: 5.9%‐15.3%; males: 4.9%‐11.1%; P = .043 for both). Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors were not available in 2013; however, their use increased substantially from 2015 to 2019 in both females (4.9%‐26.3%, P = .013) and males (4.7%‐32.2%, P = .019).ConclusionsFrom 2013 to 2019, mean HbA1c levels remained unchanged despite a concurrent increase in the number of antihyperglycaemic medications used. Overall, there was a trend towards preferencing newer agents with some differences in treatment regimens relating to sex and renal function.
Serum antibody response to BNT162b2 after natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Perkmann Thomas , Perkmann‐Nagele Nicole , Koller Thomas , Mucher Patrick , Radakovics Astrid , Wolzt Michael , Wagner Oswald F. , Binder Christoph J. , Haslacher Helmuth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is preliminary evidence that individuals with previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infections exhibit a more pronounced antibody response. However, these assumptions have not yet been supported by data obtained through various CE‐marked tests. This study aimed to close this gap.MethodsSixty‐nine seronegatives and 12 individuals post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (tested by CE‐labelled Roche NC immunoassay or PCR‐confirmed assay) were included 21 ± 1 days after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine. Antibody response to viral spike protein (S) was assessed by CE‐labelled Roche S and DiaSorin S1/S2 assays and by a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT).ResultsAfter a single dose of BNT162b2, individuals after natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection presented with markedly higher anti‐S levels than naïve individuals (Roche S: 9078.5 BAU/mL [5267.0‐24 298.5] vs 79.6 [24.7‐142.3]; and DiaSorin S1/S2: 1465.0 AU/mL [631.0‐5365.0] vs 63.7 [47.8‐87.5]) and showed all the maximum observed inhibition activity in the sVNT (98%), without overlaps between groups. There was a trend for higher responses in those with a more distant infection, although not statistically significant. The relative antibody increase after dose 2 was significantly higher among naïve individuals (25‐fold), but antibody levels remained below that of seropositives.ConclusionsCompared with naïve individuals, seropositives after natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection presented with a substantially higher antibody response already after dose 1 of BNT162b2, as measured by two CE‐marked in vitro diagnostic tests and a sVNT. These results should stimulate discussion and research on whether individuals after previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection would benefit from a two‐part vaccination schedule or whether these currently much‐needed second doses could be saved.
Perception as a contentful relation
Authors: Kalpokas Daniel E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, I critically examine two opposite conceptions about perceptual experience—the so‐called “content view” and “the relational view”—in order to, ultimately, shed some light on how perception relates the mind to the world. After arguing that those views about experience do not allow us to understand how we can be immediately aware of the physical world, I propose an alternative conception of experience that is both relational and contentful. More specifically, I hold that perceptual experience has world‐dependent content, a kind of content that is constituted both by the perceived things, along with their observable properties, and the subjects' background knowledge. The proposed view sheds some light, I suggest, on the problem of why perception has a crucial relevance to empirical knowledge.
Ordinaryself‐consciousnessas philosophical problem
Authors: Laing James 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnscombe distinguishes two notions of “self‐conscious”: the philosophical notion, which refers to the special form of awareness one has of oneself as oneself, and the ordinary notion, which we employ when we speak of “feeling self‐conscious before another”. My aim in this paper is to show that ordinary self‐consciousness cannot be understood in terms of either of the forms of intersubjective relation standardly acknowledged in the philosophical literature. It cannot be understood reductively, in terms of the psychological states of each subject nor can it be understood in terms of an irreducible second personal relation. Instead, I argue that in order to understand the phenomenological structure of ordinary self‐consciousness, we must rehabilitate Sartre's thought that when I am conscious of myself as being the object of another's gaze, I experience myself as being acted upon by them, in such a way that what I experience them as doing to me and what I experience myself as thereby undergoing are two aspects of an irreducible interpersonal transaction.
Neuropathological findings from COVID‐19 patients with neurological symptoms argue against a direct brain invasion of SARS‐CoV‐2: A critical systematic review
Authors: Cosentino Giuseppe , Todisco Massimiliano , Hota Noy , Della Porta Giovanni , Morbini Patrizia , Tassorelli Cristina , Pisani Antonio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeNeuropathological studies can elucidate the mechanisms of nervous system damage associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Despite literature on this topic is rapidly expanding, correlations between neurological symptoms and brain pathology findings in COVID‐19 patients remain largely unknown.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature review on neuropathological studies in COVID‐19, including 438 patients from 45 articles published by April 22, 2021. We retrieved quantitative data regarding demographic, clinical, and neuropathological findings. We carried out a Wilcoxon rank sum test or χ2 test to compare patients' subgroups based on different clinical and brain pathology features.ResultsNeuropathological findings in COVID‐19 patients were microgliosis (52.5%), astrogliosis (45.6%), inflammatory infiltrates (44.0%), hypoxic‐ischemic lesions (40.8%), edema (25.3%), and hemorrhagic lesions (20.5%). SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and proteins were identified in brain specimens of 41.9% and 28.3% of subjects, respectively. Detailed clinical information was available from 245 patients (55.9%), and among them, 96 subjects (39.2%) had presented with neurological symptoms in association with typical COVID‐19 manifestations. We found that: (i) the detection rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and proteins in brain specimens did not differ between patients with versus those without neurological symptoms; (ii) brain edema, hypoxic‐ischemic lesions, and inflammatory infiltrates were more frequent in subjects with neurological impairment; (iii) neurological symptoms were more common among older individuals.ConclusionsOur systematic revision of clinical correlates in COVID‐19 highlights the pathogenic relevance of brain inflammatory reaction and hypoxic‐ischemic damage rather than neuronal viral load. This analysis indicates that a more focused study design is needed, especially in the perspective of potential therapeutic trials.