bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2Visual Culture
Authors: Lewis India 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses books published in the field of visual culture in 2020, and is divided into three sections: 1. Curatorial Practice; 2. Thinking About Space; and 3. The New Craft. The books under review cover a range of subjects within their specialities but reflect general trends in contemporary writing and study in the field of visual culture. The first section looks at publications that examine curatorial practice (In the Meantime: Speculations on Art, Curation, and Exhibitions, by Jens Hoffman; Museums Inside Out: Artist Collaborations and New Exhibition Ecologies by Mark W. Rectanus); the second section examines books that describe theories of space (Architecture and Ekphrasis: Space, Time and the Embodied Description of the Past by Dana Arnold; Construction Site for Possible Worlds, edited by Amanda Beech and Robin Mackay); and the third and final section examines publications about craft and its ethics (The New Politics of the Handmade: Craft, Art and Design, edited by Anthea Black and Nicole Burisch).
Inflammation and nitro-oxidative stress in current suicidal attempts and current suicidal ideation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vasupanrajit Asara , Jirakran Ketsupar , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit , Solmi Marco , Maes Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA meta-analysis showed a significant association between activated immune-inflammatory and nitro-oxidative (IO&NS) pathways and suicide attempts (SA). There is no data on whether suicidal ideation (SI) is accompanied by activated IO&NS pathways and whether there are differences between SA and SI. The current study searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, for articles published from inception until May 10, 2021, and systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the association between recent SA/SI (< 3 months) and IO&NS biomarkers. We included studies which compared psychiatric patients with and without SA and SI and controls (either healthy controls or patients without SA or SI) and used meta-analysis (random-effect model with restricted maximum-likelihood) to delineate effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Our search included 59 studies comprising 4.034 SA/SI cases and 12.377 controls. Patients with SA/SI showed activated IO&NS pathways (SMD: 0.299; CI: 0.200; 0.397) when compared to controls. The immune profiles were more strongly associated with SA than with SI, particularly when compared to healthy controls, as evidenced by activated IO&NS (SMD: 0.796; CI: 0.503; 1.089), immune (SMD: 1.409; CI: 0.637; 1.462), inflammatory (SMD: 1.200; CI: 0.584; 1.816), and neurotoxic (SMD: 0.904; CI: 0.431; 1.378) pathways. The effects sizes of the IO&NS, immune and inflammatory profiles were significantly greater in SA than in SI. In conclusion: increased neurotoxicity due to inflammation and nitro-oxidative stress and lowered neuroprotection explains at least in part why psychiatric patients show increased SA and SI. The IO&NS pathways are more pronounced in recent SA than in SI.
Convergent antibody responses associated with broad neutralization of hepatitis C virus and clearance of infection
Authors: Skinner Nicole E. , Ogega Clinton O. , Frumento Nicole , Clark Kaitlyn E. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Cox Andrea L. , Crowe James E. , Ray Stuart C. , Bailey Justin R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEarly development of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein E2 is associated with spontaneous clearance of infection, so induction of bNAbs is a major goal of HCV vaccine development. However, much remains to be learned at a molecular level about protective E2-reactive antibodies, since HCV infection persists in some individuals despite early development of broadly neutralizing plasma. To examine B cell repertoire features associated with broad neutralization and viral clearance, we performed RNA sequencing of the B cell receptors (BCRs) of HCV E2-reactive B cells of people with cleared or persistent HCV, including subjects with high or low plasma neutralizing breadth in both clearance and persistence groups. We identified many E2-reactive public BCR clonotypes, which are antibody clones with the same V and J-genes and identical CDR3 sequences, shared among subjects grouped by either clearance or neutralization status. The majority (89) of these public clonotypes were shared by two subjects with broad plasma neutralizing activity and cleared infection, but not found in subjects with high plasma neutralizing breadth and persistent infection. We cloned a potent, cross-reactive neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) by pairing the most abundant public heavy and light chains from these two subjects, providing evidence that broadly E2-reactive public clonotypes arise in a subset of individuals with broadly neutralizing plasma and spontaneous clearance of infection. Further characterization of the molecular features and function of these antibodies can inform HCV vaccine development.
Clinical Results with a B Cell Activating Anti-CD73 Antibody for the Immunotherapy of COVID-19
Authors: Miller Richard A. , Guru Pramod , Bauer Philippe , Robles Jorge , Tomaszewski Christian , Overcash J. Scott , Waters Michael , Cameron Miriam , Olalla Sierra Julián , Mashhedi Haider , Mobasher Mehrdad , Janc James , Rudnick Jenny A. , Hu Shenshen , Jones William B. , Kwei Long , Mahabhashyam Suresh , Willingham Stephen B. , Criner Gerard 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTRobust polyclonal humoral immune responses have the potential to generate a diverse set of antibodies to neutralize and eliminate viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and protect against transmission, re-infection and the evolution of variants that evade immunity. CD73 is present on subsets of human B and T cells where it plays a role in lymphocyte activation and migration. CD73 also functions as an ectoenzyme that converts AMP into immunosuppressive adenosine. We have developed a humanized anti-CD73 antibody, mupadolimab (CPI-006), that blocks CD73 enzymatic activity and activates CD73POSB cells, thereby inducing differentiation into plasmablasts, immunoglobulin class switching, and antibody secretion independent of the adenosine modulatory activity. These effects suggest mupadolimab may enhance the magnitude, diversity, and duration of anti-viral responses in patients with COVID-19. This hypothesis was tested in a dose escalation phase 1 trial in 29 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Single doses of 0.3 mg/kg – 5 mg/kg mupadolimab were well tolerated with no drug related adverse events. Doses greater than 0.3 mg/kg resulted in rapid generation of IgG and IgM to SARS-CoV-2 significantly above titers measured in convalescent controls, with elevated IgG titers sustained for more than 6 months beyond presentation of symptoms. Based on these findings, a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 study in hospitalized patients was initiated. The primary endpoint was proportion of patients alive and free from respiratory failure within 28 days. This trial was discontinued early during the period of waning COVID-19 incidence after enrolling 40 patients. Although underpowered, results from this trial suggest improvement in the primary and key secondary endpoints in patients treated with single doses of 2 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg compared to placebo. The presumed mechanism of action, stimulation of B cells, may represent a novel approach to immunotherapy of COVID-19 and other viral infections.
Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in Greece
Authors: Galanis Petros , Moisoglou Ioannis , Vraka Irene , Siskou Olga , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Kaitelidou Daphne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the general public health is crucial and their decision to vaccinate against the COVID-19 can have a positive impact on the general population facilitating widespread COVID-19 vaccine uptake.ObjectiveTo estimate the uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine in HCWs and to expand our knowledge regarding the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake.MethodsAn on-line cross-sectional study was conducted in Greece during August 2021. We collected socio-demographic data of HCWs and we measured attitudes towards vaccination and COVID-19, knowledge and trust. We used a convenience sample since we distributed the questionnaire through social media and e-mails.ResultsStudy population included 855 HCWs. The majority of HCWs were vaccinated against the COVID-19 (91.5%). According to multivariate analysis, females, HCWs without a previous COVID-19 diagnosis, and HCWs with previous seasonal influenza vaccination history had a greater probability to take a COVID-19 vaccine. Also, increased self-perceived knowledge regarding COVID-19 and increased trust in COVID-19 vaccines and government regarding the information about the COVID-19 vaccines were associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake. On the other hand, HCWs with more concerns about the side-effects of COVID-19 vaccination were more reluctant to take a COVID-19 vaccine.ConclusionsOur study provides a timely assessment of COVID-19 vaccination status among HCWs and identifies specific factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake. By understanding these factors, policy makers and scientists will be able to develop novel strategies to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake among HCWs.
An Integrated Molecular Atlas of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wörheide Maria A. , Krumsiek Jan , Nataf Serge , Nho Kwangsik , Greenwood Anna K. , Wu Tong , Huynh Kevin , Weinisch Patrick , Römisch-Margl Werner , Lehner Nick ,   The AMP-AD Consortium,   The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   The Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolomics Consortium, Baumbach Jan , Meikle Peter J. , Saykin Andrew J. , Murali Doraiswamy P. , van Duijn Cornelia , Suhre Karsten , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima , Kastenmüller Gabi , Arnold Matthias 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONEmbedding single-omics disease associations into the wider context of multi-level molecular changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains one central challenge in AD research.METHODSResults from numerous AD-specific omics studies from AMP-AD, NIAGADS, and other initiatives were integrated into a comprehensive network resource and complemented with molecular associations from large-scale population-based studies to provide a global view on AD.RESULTSWe present the AD Atlas, an online resource (www.adatlas.org) integrating over 20 large studies providing disease-relevant information on 20,353 protein-coding genes, 8,615 proteins, 997 metabolites and 31 AD-related phenotypes. Multiple showcases demonstrate the utility of this resource for contextualization of AD research results and subsequent downstream analyses, such as drug repositioning approaches.DISCUSSIONBy providing a global view on multi-omics results through a user-friendly interface, the AD Atlas enables the formulation of molecular hypotheses and retrieval of clinically relevant insights that can be validated in follow-up analyses or experiments.
Hydroxychloroquine inhibits proteolytic processing of endogenous TLR7 protein in human primary plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Cenac Claire , Ducatez Mariette , Guéry Jean-Charles 
Published: September 2021

AbstractToll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) triggers antiviral immune responses through its capacity to recognize single-stranded RNA. Proteolytic cleavage of TLR7 protein is required for its functional maturation in the endosomal compartment. Structural studies demonstrated that the N- and C-terminal domains of TLR7 are connected and involved in ligand binding after cleavage. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, has been studied for its antiviral effects. HCQ increases pH in acidic organelles and has been reported to potently inhibit endosomal TLR activation. Whether HCQ can prevent endogenous TLR7 cleavage in primary immune cells, such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), had never been examined. Here, using a validated anti-TLR7 antibody suitable for biochemical detection of native TLR7 protein, we show that HCQ-treatment of fresh PBMCs, CAL-1 leukemic and primary human pDCs inhibits TLR7 cleavage and results in accumulation of full-length protein. As a consequence, we observe an inhibition of pDC activation in response to TLR7 stimulation with synthetic ligands and viruses including inactivated SARS-CoV2, which we show herein activates pDCs through TLR7-signaling. Together, our finding suggests that the major pathway by which HCQ inhibits ssRNA-sensing by pDCs may rely on its capacity to inhibit endosomal acidification and the functional maturation of TLR7 protein.
Hemoglobin levels among male agricultural workers: analyses from the Demographic and Health Surveys to investigate a marker for chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology
Authors: Lin Yuzhou , Heng Siyu , Anand Shuchi , Deshpande Sameer K. , Small Dylan S. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) has been found at high frequency in several lowland agricultural areas. Whether CKDu occurs in other countries with large agricultural populations remains uncertain, primarily due to lack of systematic data on kidney function. Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels are an ancillary marker for kidney dysfunction. We estimate the causal effect of agricultural work on Hgb level in men. A causal effect may indicate the presence of CKDu.MethodsWe use Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from seven African and Asian countries to estimate the causal effect of agricultural work on altitude-adjusted Hgb levels after adjusting for seven measured confounders. To assess potential bias due to unmeasured socioeconomic differences, we use multiple control groups that differ in non-agricultural occupation. We conduct sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our causal conclusions to unmeasured confounding.ResultsData were available for 41,180 agricultural workers and 55,705 non-agricultural workers. On average, Hgb levels were 0.09 g/dL lower among agricultural workers compared to matched controls. Significant effects were observed in Ethiopia, India, Lesotho, and Senegal, with effects from 0.07 to 0.30 g/dL lower hemoglobin among agricultural workers.ConclusionsWe find evidence that men engaged in agricultural work in four of the seven countries studied have modestly lower Hgb levels compared with comparable men. Since underlying kidney disease could be a potential explanation for this finding, our data support consideration to integrating kidney function assessments within DHS surveys and other population-based surveys.
Investigating the impact of weakly supervised data on text mining models of publication transparency: a case study on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hoang Linh , Jiang Lan , Kilicoglu Halil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLack of large quantities of annotated data is a major barrier in developing effective text mining models of biomedical literature. In this study, we explored weak supervision strategies to improve the accuracy of text classification models developed for assessing methodological transparency of randomized controlled trial (RCT) publications. Specifically, we used Snorkel, a framework to programmatically build training sets, and UMLS-EDA, a data augmentation method that leverages a small number of existing examples to generate new training instances, for weak supervision and assessed their effect on a BioBERT-based text classification model proposed for the task in previous work. Performance improvements due to weak supervision were limited and were surpassed by gains from hyperparameter tuning. Our analysis suggests that refinements to the weak supervision strategies to better deal with multi-label case could be beneficial.
Medication Management at Home and Medication Adherence in Older Patients with Polypharmacy: In-Depth Interviews with Home Visits
Authors: Vatcharavongvan Pasitpon , Puttawanchai Viwat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder patients with multiple non-communicable diseases (NCDs) usually require ≥5 concurrent medications or polypharmacy. Medication adherence is the main concern in these patients. Medication management at home may play an important role in medication adherence; yet, unlike other factors, the topic has not been well examined.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore how medication management at home affects medication adherence qualitatively.MethodsWe conducted home visits and in-depth interviews with 19 patients aged ≥60 years with polypharmacy and took photos of medication storage locations. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis.ResultsOf the 19 patients (mean age=69 years), nine reported good medication adherence. Two themes emerged: medication management at home and factors affecting medication adherence. Medication management at home comprised three subthemes: a medication storage system, a medication sorting system, and remaining medications. Some patients with medication nonadherence removed medications from blister packages. Other factors affecting medication adherence included knowledge, attitude, and lifestyles. All the patients had a positive attitude towards medication adherence; however, misunderstanding about medication administration prevented them from adhering to medications.ConclusionMedication management at home for the elderly with polypharmacy affected medication adherence. Health professionals should explore how patients manage medications at home and their knowledge about medication administration to improve medication adherence.Key messages-Older patients had their own medication management system.-Removing medications from blister packages was associated with medication nonadherence.-Unintentional medication nonadherence was common in older patients engaging in outdoor activities.
Vaccine effectiveness and duration of protection of Comirnaty, Vaxzevria and Spikevax against mild and severe COVID-19 in the UK
Authors: Andrews Nick , Tessier Elise , Stowe Julia , Gower Charlotte , Kirsebom Freja , Simmons Ruth , Gallagher Eileen , Chand Meera , Brown Kevin , Ladhani Shamez N , Ramsay Mary , Bernal Jamie Lopez 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines have been used for 9 months in the UK. Real world data have demonstrated the vaccines to be highly effective against COVID-19, severe disease and death. Here, we estimate vaccine effectiveness over time since the second dose of Comirnaty, Vaxzevria and Spikevax in England.MethodsWe used a test-negative case-control design to estimate vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease, hospitalisation and mortality by age, comorbidity status and over time after the second dose to investigate waning separately for Alpha and Delta variants.ResultsVaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease peaked in the early weeks after the second dose and then fell to 47.3 (95% CI 45 to 49.6) and 69.7 (95% CI 68.7 to 70.5) by 20+ weeks against the Delta variant for Vaxzevria and Comirnaty, respectively. Waning of vaccine effectiveness was greater for 65+ year-olds compared to 40-64 year-olds. Vaccine effectiveness fell less against hospitalisations to 77.0 (70.3 to 82.3) and 92.7 (90.3 to 94.6) beyond 20 weeks post-vaccination and 78.7 (95% CI 52.7 to 90.4) and 90.4 (95% CI 85.1 to 93.8) against death for Vaxzevria and Comirnaty, respectively. Greater waning was observed among 65+ year-olds in a clinically extremely vulnerable group and 40-64-year olds with underlying medical conditions compared to healthy adults.ConclusionsWe observed limited waning in vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation and death more than 20 weeks post-vaccination with Vaxzevria or Comirnaty. Waning was greater in older adults and those in a clinical risk group, suggesting that these individuals should be prioritised for booster doses.
Effect of Pre-Exercise Caffeine Intake on Endurance Performance and Core Temperature Regulation During Exercise in the Heat: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Naulleau Catherine , Jeker David , Pancrate Timothée , Claveau Pascale , Deshayes Thomas A. , Burke Louise M. , Goulet Eric D.B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeat is associated with physiological strain and endurance performance (EP) impairments. Studies have investigated the impact of caffeine intake upon EP and core temperature (CT) in the heat, but results are conflicting. There is a need to systematically determine the impact of pre-exercise caffeine intake in the heat.ObjectiveUse a meta-analytical approach to determine the effect of pre-exercise caffeine intake on EP and CTin the heat.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesFour databases and cross-referencing.Data analysisWeighted mean effect summaries using random-effects models for EP and CT, as well as meta regressions with robust standard errors to explore confounders.Study selectionPlacebo-controlled, randomized studies in adults (≥ 18 yrs old) with caffeine intake at least 30 min before endurance exercise ≥ 30 min, performed in ambient conditions ≥ 27°C.ResultsRespectively 6 and 12 studies examined caffeine’s impact on EP and CT, representing 52 and 205 endurance-trained individuals. On average, 6 mg/kg body mass of caffeine were taken 1 h before exercises of ∼ 70 min conducted at 34°C and 47% relative humidity. Caffeine supplementation improved EP by 2.0 ± 0.7% (95% CI: 0.6 to 3.5%) and increased the rate of change in CTby 0.10 ± 0.04°C/h (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.16°C/h), compared with the ingestion of a placebo.ConclusionCaffeine ingestion of 6 mg/kg body mass ∼ 1 h before an exercise in the heat provides a worthwhile improvement in EP of 2%, while trivially increasing the rate of change in CTby 0.10°C/h.
Modeling the systemic risks of COVID-19 on the wildland firefighting workforce
Authors: Belval Erin J , Bayham Jude , Thompson Matthew P , Dilliott Jacob , Buchwald Andrea G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWildfire management in the US relies on a complex nationwide network of shared resources that are allocated based on regional need. While this network bolsters firefighting capacity, it may also provide pathways for COVID-19 transmission between fire sites. We develop an agent-based model of COVID-19 built on historical wildland fire assignments using detailed dispatch data from 2016-2018, which form a network of firefighters dispersed spatially and temporally across the US. We use this model to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission under several intervention scenarios including vaccination and social distancing. We find vaccination and social distancing are effective at reducing transmission at fire incidents. Under a scenario assuming High Compliance with recommended mitigations (including vaccination), infection rates, number of outbreaks, and worker days missed are effectively negligible. Under a contrasting Low Compliance scenario, it is possible for cascading outbreaks to emerge leading to relatively high numbers of worker days missed. The current set of interventions in place successfully mitigate the risk of cascading infections between fires, and off-assignment infection may be the dominant infection concern in the 2021 season. COVID-19 control measures in place in wildfire management are highly beneficial at decreasing both the health and resource impacts of the ongoing pandemic.