bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An optimized surrogate model using differential evolution algorithm for computing parameters of antennas
Authors: Ustun Deniz , Toktas Feyza , Toktas Abdurrahim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a method based on surrogate model (SM) for computational analysis of antenna parameters such as the resonant frequency (RF) and bandwidth (BW) is presented. Moreover, it is attempted to optimize the SM using evolutionary optimization algorithms in order to further improve the accuracy of the SM. In the conventional computational approaches, the weighting vectors of the SM have been analytically determined. We have optimally achieved the weighting vectors of the SM through differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. The capabilities of the algorithms are hereby compared with each other. The methodology is applied to the analysis of rectangular microstrip antenna (RMA), including a number of 33 measured RMAs with different geometrical and electrical parameters. From the total number of RMAs, 27 and 6 RMAs are, respectively, used in the construction and the test of the SM. Furthermore, the SM is verified through a comparison with the literature in terms of total absolute errors (TAEs). The results show that the SM with DE computes the most accurate RF and BW with the TAEs of 0.0099 GHz and 0.131%, respectively. The accuracy of the SM is further raised by 78%, thanks to the optimization of SM with DE. Therefore, a novel computational analysis method based on SM is implemented to computation of an antenna parameter with higher accuracy, and SM is successfully optimized by DE. The proposed method is able to easily implement to the stringent engineering problems based on simulated or measured data for computer‐aided design (CAD).
Detection of sarcopenic obesity and prediction of long‐term survival in patients with gastric cancer using preoperative computed tomography and machine learning
Authors: Kim Jaehyuk , Han Seung Hee , Kim Hyoung‐Il 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies evaluating the prognostic value of computed tomography (CT)‐derived body composition data have included few patients. Thus, we assessed the prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenic obesity in a large population of gastric cancer patients using preoperative CT, as nutritional status is a predictor of long‐term survival after gastric cancer surgery.MethodsPreoperative CT images were analyzed for 840 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy between March 2009 and June 2018. Machine learning algorithms were used to automatically detect the third lumbar (L3) vertebral level and segment the body composition. Visceral fat area and skeletal muscle index at L3 were determined and used to classify patients into obesity, sarcopenia, or sarcopenic obesity groups.ResultsOut of 840 patients (mean age = 60.4 years; 526 [62.6%] men), 534 (63.5%) had visceral obesity, 119 (14.2%) had sarcopenia, and 48 (5.7%) patients had sarcopenic obesity. Patients with sarcopenic obesity had a poorer prognosis than those without sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.325; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.698–6.508). Multivariate analysis identified sarcopenic obesity as an independent risk factor for increased mortality (HR = 2.608; 95% CI = 1.313–5.179). Other risk factors were greater extent of gastrectomy (HR = 1.928; 95% CI = 1.260–2.950), lower prognostic nutritional index (HR = 0.934; 95% CI = 0.901–0.969), higher neutrophil count (HR = 1.101; 95% CI = 1.031–1.176), lymph node metastasis (HR = 6.291; 95% CI = 3.498–11.314), and R1/2 resection (HR = 4.817; 95% CI = 1.518–9.179).ConclusionBody composition analysis automated by machine learning predicted long‐term survival in patients with gastric cancer.
Annual‐Cycle Movements and Phenology of Black Scoters in Eastern North America
Authors: Lamb Juliet S. , Gilliland Scott G. , Savard Jean‐Pierre. L. , Loring Pamela H. , McWilliams Scott R. , Olsen Glenn H , Osenkowski Jason E. , Paton Peter W. C. , Perry Matthew C. , Bowman Timothy D. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTSea ducks exhibit complex movement patterns throughout their annual cycle; most species use distinct molting and staging sites during migration and disjunct breeding and wintering sites. Although research on black scoters (Melanitta americana) has investigated movements and habitat selection during winter, little is known about their annual‐cycle movements. We used satellite telemetry to identify individual variation in migratory routes and breeding areas for black scoters wintering along the Atlantic Coast, to assess migratory connectivity among wintering, staging, breeding, and molt sites, and to examine effects of breeding site attendance on movement patterns and phenology. Black scoters occupied wintering areas from Canadian Maritime provinces to the southeastern United States. Males used an average of 2.5 distinct winter areas compared to 1.1 areas for females, and within‐winter movements averaged 1,256 km/individual. Individuals used an average of 2.1 staging sites during the 45‐day pre‐breeding migration period, and almost all were detected in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Males spent less time at breeding sites and departed them earlier than females. During post‐breeding migration, females took approximately 25 fewer days than males to migrate from breeding sites to molt and staging sites, and then wintering areas. Most individuals used molt sites in James and Hudson bays before migrating directly to coastal wintering sites, which took approximately 11 days and covered 1,524 km. Males tended to arrive at wintering areas 10 days earlier than females. Individuals wintering near one another did not breed closer together than expected by chance, suggesting weak spatial structuring of the Atlantic population. Females exhibited greater fidelity (4.5 km) to previously used breeding sites compared to males (60 km). A substantial number of birds bred west of Hudson Bay in the Barrenlands, suggesting this area is used more widely than believed previously. Hudson and James bays provided key habitat for black scoters that winter along the Atlantic Coast, with most individuals residing for >30% of their annual cycle in these bays. Relative to other species of sea duck along the Atlantic Coast, the Atlantic population of black scoter is more dispersed and mobile during winter but is more concentrated during migration. These results could have implications for future survey efforts designed to assess population trends of black scoters. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Representing responses to climate change in spatial land system models
Authors: Malek Žiga , Verburg Peter H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModelling future change to land use and land cover is done as part of many local and global scenario environmental assessments. Nevertheless, there are still considerable challenges related to simulating land‐use responses to climate change. Mostly, climate change is considered by changing the temperature and precipitation, affecting the spatial distribution and productivity of future land use and land cover as result of differential changes in growing conditions. Other climate change effects, such as changes in the water resources needed to support future cropland expansion and intensification, are often neglected. In this study, we demonstrate how including different types of responses to climate change influences the simulation of future changes to land use and land cover, and land management. We study the influence of including different climate change effects in land system modeling step by step. The results show that land system models need to include numerous simultaneous climate change effects, particularly when looking at adaptation options such as implementing irrigation. Otherwise, there is a risk of biased impact estimates leading either to under‐ or overestimation of the consequences of land use change, including land degradation. Spatial land system models therefore need to be developed accounting for a multitude of climate change impacts, uncertainties related to climate data, and an assessment of the sensitivity of the outcomes toward the decisions of modellers on representing climate change impacts.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a swine model using a novel near‐infrared fluorescent IV dye (BL‐760)
Authors: Cho Yu Jeong , Nam So‐Hyun , Oh Eugene , Luciano Michael P. , Lee Choonghee , Shin Il Hyung , Schnermann Martin J. , Cha Jaepyeong , Kim Kwan Woo 
Published: September 2021

Background and ObjectivesBile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy has an incidence rate of 1%–2% and commonly appears under conditions of severe inflammation, adhesion, or unexpected anatomical variations. Despite the difficulties and rising concerns of identifying bile duct during surgeries, surgeons do not have a specific modality to identify bile duct except intraoperative cholangiography. While no biliary‐specific fluorescent dye exists for clinical use, our team has previously described the development of a preclinical biliary‐specific dye, BL‐760. Here, we present our study of laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the fluorescent dye in a swine model.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWith an approval from Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, two 20–25 kg swine underwent laparoscopic abdominal surgery using a Food and Drug Administration‐cleared fluorescent laparoscopic system. Images of the liver and gallbladder were taken both before and after intravenous injection of the novel fluorescent dye. The dye was dosed at 60 μg/kg and injected via the ear vein. The amount of time taken to visualize fluorescence in the biliary tract was measured. Fluorescent signal was observed after injection, and target‐to‐background ratio (TBR) of the biliary tract to surrounding cystic artery and liver parenchyma was measured.ResultsBiliary tract visualization under fluorescent laparoscopy was achieved within 5 min after the dye injection without any adverse effects. Cystic duct and extrahepatic duct were clearly visualized and identified with TBR values of 2.19 and 2.32, respectively, whereas no fluorescent signal was detected in liver. Cystic duct and artery were successfully ligated by an endoscopic clip applier with the visual assistance of highlighted biliary tract images. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was completed within 30 min in each case without any complications.ConclusionsBL‐760 is a novel preclinical fluorescent dye useful for intraoperative identification and visualization of biliary tract. Such fluorescent dye that is exclusively metabolized by liver and rapidly excreted into biliary tract would be beneficial for all types of hepato‐biliary surgeries. With the validation of additional preclinical data, this novel dye has potential to be a valuable tool to prevent any iatrogenic biliary injuries and/or bile leaks during laparoscopic abdominal and liver surgeries.
Detection of mobile elements insertions for routine clinical diagnostics in targeted sequencing data
Authors: Demidov German , Park Joohyun , Armeanu‐Ebinger Sorin , Roggia Cristiana , Faust Ulrike , Cordts Isabell , Blandfort Maria , Haack Tobias B. , Schroeder Christopher , Ossowski Stephan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTargeted sequencing approaches such as gene panel or exome sequencing have become standard of care for the diagnosis of rare and common genetic disease. The detection and interpretation of point mutations, small insertions and deletions, and even exon‐level copy number variants are well established in clinical genetic testing. Other types of genetic variation such as mobile elements insertions (MEIs) are technically difficult to detect. In addition, their downstream clinical interpretation is more complex compared to point mutations due to a larger genomic footprint that can not only predict a clear loss of protein function but might disturb gene regulation and splicing even when located within the non‐coding regions. As a consequence, the contribution of MEIs to disease and tumor development remains largely unexplored in routine diagnostics.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the occurrence of MEIs in 7,693 exome datasets from individuals with rare diseases and healthy relatives as well as 788 cancer patients analyzed by panel sequencing.ResultsWe present several exemplary cases highlighting the diagnostic value of MEIs and propose a strategy for the detection, prioritization, and clinical interpretation of MEIs in routine clinical diagnostics.ConclusionIn this paper, we state that detection and interpretation of MEIs in clinical practice in targeted NGS data can be performed relatively easy despite the fact that MEIs very rarely occur in coding parts of the human genome. Large scale reanalysis of MEIs in existing cohorts may solve otherwise unsolvable cases.
Deuterium solid‐state NMR quadrupolar order rotating frame relaxation with applications to amyloid‐β fibrils
Authors: Vugmeyster Liliya , Ostrovsky Dmitry 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe describe a new method for measuring molecular dynamics based on the deuterium solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quadrupolar order rotating frame relaxation rate R1ρ,Q under static conditions. The observed quadrupolar order coherence is created using the broad‐band Jeener–Broekaert excitation and is locked with a weak radio frequency (RF) field. We describe the experimental and theoretical approaches and show applications to a selectively deuterated valine side chain of the phosphorylated amyloid‐β (1–40) fibrils phosphorylated at the serine‐8 position. The R1ρ,Q rate is sensitive to the rotameric exchange mode. For biological samples, the low spin‐lock field in the 5‐ to 10‐kHz range has the advantage of avoiding sample heating and dehydration. Thus, it provides an alternative to approaches based on single‐quantum coherence, which require larger spin‐lock fields.
Single‐center results reporting improved hematopoietic stem cell mobilization success in pediatric and young adult patients with solid tumors and lymphoma
Authors: Koo Jane , Teusink‐Cross Ashley , Davies Stella M. , Jodele Sonata , Dandoy Christopher E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‐HSCT) is an established treatment for pediatric and young adult patients with solid tumors and lymphomas. Plerixafor is a CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) antagonist that can be used with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) to amplify the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 167 pediatric solid tumor and lymphoma patients from January 2010 to July 2020 in whom HSCs were mobilized using G‐CSF alone or with plerixafor.ResultsThirteen heavily pretreated patients (33.3%) required twice‐daily dosing of G‐CSF compared to five patients (3.9%) in the not heavily pretreated group (p = .0005). Fourteen heavily pretreated patients (35.9%) required plerixafor compared to four patients (3.1%) in the comparison cohort (p = .0002). The number of mobilization days was similar between both cohorts, with 5 days (range 3–11 days) in the heavily pretreated group and 5 days (range 3–13 days) in the not heavily pretreated group (p = .55). The number of harvest days was 2 days (range 1–5 days) in the heavily pretreated group and 1 day (range 1–4 days) in the not heavily pretreated group (p = .0025). The final cluster of differentiation (CD)34+/kilogram (kg) count was 9.52 × 106/kg among heavily pretreated patients compared to 34.99 × 106/kg CD34+ cells in the comparison group (p < .0001). Three heavily pretreated patients (7.7%) failed HSC mobilization.ConclusionsPatients at the highest risk for poor HSC mobilization can be successfully treated with more frequent G‐CSF dosing or G‐CSF with plerixafor in a large majority of cases.
Secondary impacts of constipation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in U.S. children's hospitals
Authors: Belsky Jennifer A. , Batra Sandeep , Stanek Joseph R. , O'Brien Sarah H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildrenwith acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) suffer a litany of chemotherapy‐induced side effects. Constipation secondary to vinca alkaloids, psychological stressors, and opioid use are common issues for children newly diagnosed with leukemia. This study investigated the morbidity associated with constipation including infections, mucositis, and healthcare utilization in hospitalized children with ALL receiving induction chemotherapy.MethodsWe analyzed data from 48 children's hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System, extracting patients 1–21 years of age with ALL, hospitalized for induction from October 2015 through December 2019. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistics, and comparisons of outcomes between those with and without constipation were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR).ResultsWe identified 2586 (56%) patients with constipation out of a total of 4622 unique ALL patients in induction. Compared to patients without constipation during induction, patients with constipation were significantly more likely to have mucositis (aOR = 2.30; p = 0.0010), perirectal issues (aOR = 3.21; p = 0.0092), or abdominal radiograph exposure (aOR = 2.40; p < 0.0001). The median length of induction hospitalization was significantly greater in those with constipation compared to those without constipation (10 days vs. 8 days; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsChildren with ALL suffering from constipation during induction therapy have increased length of stay, mucositis, imaging, and overall healthcare utilization compared to children without constipation. Further research should explore the causative relationship between constipation and infections. Increased attention should be given to constipation management in patients with ALL at the start of induction therapy, particularly in patients with complications or prolonged hospitalizations.
Multiplex genome editing in Arabidopsis thaliana using Mb3Cas12a
Authors: Jordan William T. , Currie Seth , Schmitz Robert J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of CRISPR‐Cas proteins for the creation of multiplex genome engineering represents an important avenue for crop improvement, and further improvements for creation of knock‐in plant lines via CRISPR‐based technologies may enable the high‐throughput creation of designer alleles. To circumvent limitations of the commonly used CRISPR‐Cas9 system for multiplex genome engineering, we explored the use of Moraxella bovoculi 3 Cas12a (Mb3Cas12a) for multiplex genome editing in Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified optimized cis‐regulatory sequences for driving expression of single‐transcript multiplex crRNA arrays in A. thaliana, resulting in stable germline transmission of Mb3Cas12a‐edited alleles at multiple target sites. By utilizing this system, we demonstrate single‐transcript multiplexed genome engineering using of up to 13 crRNA targets. We further show high target specificity of Mb3Cas12a‐based genome editing via whole‐genome sequencing. Taken together, our method provides a simplified platform for efficient multiplex genome engineering in plant‐based systems.
Pediatric MR lung imaging with 3D ultrashort‐TE in free breathing: Are we past the conventional T2 sequence?
Authors: Gräfe Daniel , Anders Rebecca , Prenzel Freerk , Sorge Ina , Roth Christian , Benkert Thomas , Hirsch Franz Wolfgang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lungs is challenging for several reasons, mainly due to the respiratory motion, low proton density, and rapid T2* decay. Recent MR sequences with ultrashort TE (UTE) coupled with respiratory compensation promise to overcome these obstacles. So far, there are very few studies on the relevance of these sequences in children. The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic value of a respiratory‐self‐gated three‐dimensional UTE sequence versus a conventional respiratory‐triggered T2‐weighted turbo spin echo (T2‐TSE) sequence in a pediatric collective.Study DesignSeventy‐one patients between 0 and 18 years of age, who were scheduled for a thoracic MRI based on diverse clinical indications, were examined on a 3T MRI system. The UTE and T2‐TSE sequences were evaluated by two readers regarding quality features and visualization of eight common pathology patterns.ResultsThe image quality of both sequences was equally high, with UTE depicting pleural and central bronchi more clearly. In pathologies, UTE was superior to T2‐TSE for so‐called “MR‐negative pathologies”, significant for air trapping, and in tendency for bullae and cysts. In all remaining pathologies, T2‐TSE proved to be at least equivalent to UTE.ConclusionsAt present, UTE cannot serve as a universal replacement for conventional T2‐TSE for all pathologies. It yields, however, a substantial benefit in the context of hyperinflation, emphysema, cysts, or pathologies of the bronchial system.
Making zero a reality: Selecting and measuring the “Right” Zero
Authors: Taube Michael A. , Gardner Frank 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince the inception of the process industries (PI), leaders of these organizations have accepted some level of fires, explosions, environmental releases, and other events as the cost of doing business and inevitable. This cultural mindset continues to this day. Real safety performance and behaviors cannot be managed or produced by corporate safety programs, while active and latent hazards go unnoticed and unaddressed. The false sense of security that these “safety programs” encourage is evidenced by the continued occurrences of large‐scale catastrophes. The dichotomy of a “safety culture” versus such events is clearly evident, yet the PI continues to focus on the same indices—all of which have little bearing on the cause of these events. Zero can be a goal, but it needs to be a realistic zero. For many organizations the mistake is not establishing Zero as a goal, the mistake is selecting the wrong Zero and then failing to support the organization in order to make Zero a reality. This paper examines the organizational policies and metrics of the PI with that of the single most reliable and safe organization in the world, which has achieved a safety record of ZERO incidents for its entire 65+ year history.