bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV‐B tolerances of conidia, blastospores, and microsclerotia of Metarhizium spp. entomopathogenic fungi
Authors: Corval Amanda R. C. , Mesquita Emily , Corrêa Thaís A. , Silva Cárita de S. R. , Bitencourt Ricardo de O. B. , Fernandes Éverton K. K. , Bittencourt Vânia R. E. P. , Roberts Donald W. , Gôlo Patrícia S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to analyze ten native Metarhizium spp. isolates as to their UV‐B tolerances. Comparisons included: different fungal propagules (conidia, blastospores, or microsclerotia [MS]); conidia in aqueous suspensions or in 10% mineral oil‐in‐water emulsions; and conidia mixed with different types of soil. The UV‐B effect was expressed as the germination of conidia or culturability of blastospores and MS relative to nongerminated propagules. Metarhizium anisopliae LCM S05 exhibited high tolerance as blastospores and/or MS, but not as conidia; LCM S10 and LCM S08 had positive results with MS or conidia but not blastospores. The formulations with 10% mineral oil did not always protect Metarhizium conidia against UV‐B. Conidia of LCM S07, LCM S08, and LCM S10 exhibited the best results when in aqueous suspensions, 24 h after UV‐B exposure. In general, conidia mixed with soil and exposed to UV‐B yielded similar number of colony forming units as conidia from unexposed soil, regardless the soil type. It was not possible to predict which type of propagule would be the most UV‐B tolerant for each fungal isolate; in conclusion, many formulations and propagule types should be investigated early in the development of new fungal biocontrol products.
Risk analysis in the management of a green supply chain
Authors: Zou Zhiqin , Farnoosh Arash , McNamara Tom 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn order to implement or maintain a green supply chain (GSC) that produces goods and services responsibly and sustainably, supply chain managers should use tools that allow for the efficient identification, quantification, and mitigation of the ever‐present risks. The objective of the present research is to identify the risk factors associated with the processes involved in GSC management. Based on an analysis of the characteristics of GSC risk, the authors put forward a list of risk design principles and a risk criteria evaluation system for a GSC. Gray relation analysis method was then used to clarify the degree of connection between certain supply chain risk factors and select key risk factors. Finally, Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BP‐ANN) method was used to determine the risk level associated with a GSC. The determination of risk level will help companies to develop effective strategic management initiatives in a GSC environment.
Probiotics‐fermented blueberry juices as potential antidiabetic product: antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic potentials
Authors: Zhong Hao , Abdullah  , Zhao Minjie , Tang Jun , Deng Lingli , Feng Fengqin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFermentation is a traditional food‐preserving technique. It is an effective process, widely used to enrich the nutrients diversity and bioactivity of the fermented foods since ancient times. This study aimed at investigating the effects of various fermentation starters on the physicochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties of blueberry juices. The blueberry juices were fermented by natural fermentation (NFBJ), self‐made starters fermentation (SFBJ), and commercial starters fermentation (CFBJ); fresh blueberry juice (BBJ) was processed without fermentation for comparison.RESULTSProbiotics‐fermented blueberry juices (SFBJ and CFBJ) showed less total and reducing sugars, higher titratable acidity, and a wider variety and higher amounts of organic acids than non‐fermented blueberry juice (BBJ) did. All the fermented blueberry juices (NFBJ, SFBJ, and CFBJ) showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher antioxidant potentials than that of BBJ measured by 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid, cupric‐reducing antioxidant capacity, and ferric‐reducing ability power assays. The SFBJ exhibited the highest antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium, with inhibition zone diameters of 38.84 ± 1.74 mm, 34.91 ± 1.53 mm, and 36.18 ± 3.16 mm respectively. Compared with BBJ, the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of the SFBJ and CFBJ increased by two‑to threefold. The α‐amylase inhibitory activity of the SFBJ and CFBJ increased by 600%, whereas the spontaneous fermentation showed no improvement. The SFBJ and CFBJ promoted glucose consumption of HepG2 cell lines, indicating the promising potential for a higher glucose bio‐utilization.CONCLUSIONSThe SFBJ and CFBJ showed remarkable improvements in the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities compared with non‐fermented and spontaneous fermented juices, indicating their promising potentials as an antihyperglycemic agent. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel visualization system of using augmented reality in knee replacement surgery: Enhanced bidirectional maximum correntropy algorithm
Authors: Maharjan Nitish , Alsadoon Abeer , Prasad P.W.C. , Abdullah Salma , Rashid Tarik A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimImage registration and alignment are the main limitations of augmented reality (AR)‐based knee replacement surgery. This research aims to decrease the registration error, eliminate outcomes that are trapped in local minima to improve the alignment problems, handle the occlusion and maximize the overlapping parts.MethodologyMarkerless image registration method was used for AR‐based knee replacement surgery to guide and visualize the surgical operation. While weight least square algorithm was used to enhance stereo camera‐based tracking by filling border occlusion in right‐to‐left direction and non‐border occlusion from left‐to‐right direction.ResultsThis study has improved video precision to 0.57–0.61 mm alignment error. Furthermore, with the use of bidirectional points, that is, forward and backward directional cloud point, the iteration on image registration was decreased. This has led to improve the processing time as well. The processing time of video frames was improved to 7.4–11.74 frames per second.ConclusionsIt seems clear that this proposed system has focused on overcoming the misalignment difficulty caused by the movement of patient and enhancing the AR visualization during knee replacement surgery. The proposed system was reliable and favourable which helps in eliminating alignment error by ascertaining the optimal rigid transformation between two cloud points and removing the outliers and non‐Gaussian noise. The proposed AR system helps in accurate visualization and navigation of anatomy of knee such as femur, tibia, cartilage, blood vessels and so forth.
Commonly dispensed herbal medicinal products and their source of information for practice in community pharmacies in Ethiopia: Promoting evidence‐based practice in health‐care settings
Authors: Emiru Yohannes Kelifa , Ayele Asnakew Achaw , Tefera Yonas Getaye , Siraj Ebrahim Abdela , Girma Habtamu , Lilay Melaku , Girma Tinsae , Belachew Sewunet Admasu , Gebresillassie Begashaw Melaku 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAimThe objective of this study was to assess commonly dispensed herbal medicinal products (HMPs) and their sources of information for practice at Ethiopian community pharmacies in the light of promoting evidence‐based practice in health‐care settings of the nation.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted at community pharmacies in Northwest Ethiopia from February to April 2019. Data collection was carried out using a structured self‐administered Yesquestionnaire. Demographic data and pharmacists’ range of HMPs and information sources were evaluated using descriptive analysis. The chi‐squared test was used to find correlations of demographic variables with sells and accessibility of information regarding HMPs. AP‐value of less than 0.05 represents a significant difference.ResultsThe study results show that 100 (86.2%) of the community pharmacists had dispensed various class of HMPs at their practice site and 71 (61.2%) pharmacists accessed HMP information. The majority of accessible HMP information sources at community pharmacies were package inserts/brochures and internet websites. Regarding the categorical class of regularly dispensed products, more than 50% were dermatological products. Regarding their customers’ inquiries regarding HMPs, 76.7% of respondents get queries related to HMPs during the dispensing period. Dispensing practice was significantly correlated with employment status (P= 0.021) and any previous continuing education on HMPs (P< 0.01) but accessibility of HMP information was only correlated with employment status (P= 0.044).ConclusionsThe evidence of these findings suggests that HMPs are increasingly dispensed as therapeutic agents with inadequate delivery of evidence‐based information in community pharmacies of Ethiopia.
Axisymmetric polyharmonic spline approximation in the dual reciprocity method
Authors: Karaiev Artem , Strelnikova Elena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper is devoted to developing the dual reciprocity boundary element method for axisymmetric problems based on usage of axisymmetric polyharmonic splines. The axisymmetric polyharmonic spline is introduced as a linear combination of polyharmonic radial basic functions and polynomial terms. The analytical expressions for proposed axisymmetric polyharmonic radial basic functions are obtained for splines with arbitrary degrees. These expressions include special elliptic integrals that are analyzed and calculated for the first time. The relationships between radial basic functions with positive and negative degree numbers are obtained that allows us to receive the recurrence formulae for specific elliptic integrals with nearest indexes. It reveals the possibility of calculating radial basic functions with arbitrary orders by using the combination of only the first two members in recursive sequence. Implementation of the Gauss well‐known arithmetic‐geometric mean technique provides calculation of the specific elliptic integrals and axisymmetric polyharmonic splines with any given accuracy. Numerical examples for solving two axisymmetric problems in potential theory using the proposed dual reciprocity boundary element method demonstrate high calculation accuracy with low computational costs.
Selected Design and Analysis Techniques for Contemporary Symmetric Encryption
Authors: Mikhalev Vasily , Mihaljević Miodrag J. , Kara Orhun , Armknecht Frederik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we provide an overview of selected methods for the design and analysis of symmetric encryption algorithms that have recently been published. We start by discussing the practical advantages, limitations and security of the keystream generators with keyed update functions which were proposed for reducing the area cost of stream ciphers. Then we present an approach to enhancing the security of certain encryption schemes by employing a universal homophonic coding and randomized encryption paradigm.
The Governance of Global Innovation Systems: Putting Knowledge in Context
Authors: Binz Christian , Truffer Bernhard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTechnological innovation increasingly depends on multiscalar actor networks and institutions. However, the developers of many conceptual frameworks explaining innovation success have paid only limited attention to this new reality, due to their focus on regions and countries as agents that shape innovation governance and as containers that provide institutional conditions for innovation success. In particular, innovation systems literature has been criticized in this respect. In the present chapter, we refer to the recently formulated Global Innovation Systems approach, which enables researchers to capture the emergence of system resources across spatial scales. With this framework, we emphasize that beyond the focus on knowledge generation processes, a better understanding ofvaluationprocesses is necessary to guide governance structures for generating new technologies and products. This is particularly true for sectors that are oriented towards confronting grand challenges, such as cleantech industries.
The Atmosphere of Democracy: Knowledge and Political Action
Authors: Stehr Nico 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe leading scientists debating climate change increasingly view the relationship between knowledge and governance as an “inconvenient democracy.” On the one hand, the discrepancy between the knowledge of climate change and citizens’ commitments to behavioral changes amounts to the diagnosis of an “inconvenient mind”; on the other hand, the inertia of policies to capture progress in knowledge leads to the diagnosis of “inconvenient institutions.” The sense of political ineffectiveness felt especially among climate scientists provokes a strong disenchantment with democratic governance. As a result, some scientists propose that political action based on principles of democratic governance be abandoned. In my article, I argue that such a view is mistaken.
Lepton-flavour violation in hadronic tau decays and μ-τ conversion in nuclei
Authors: Husek Tomáš , Monsálvez-Pozo Kevin , Portolés Jorge 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory framework, with operators up to dimension 6, we perform a model-independent analysis of the lepton-flavour-violating processes involving tau leptons. Namely, we study hadronic tau decays and ℓ-τ conversion in nuclei, with ℓ = e, μ. Based on available experimental limits, we establish constraints on the Wilson coefficients of the operators contributing to these processes. Our work paves the way to extract the related information from Belle II and foreseen future experiments.
Multiplicative noise and the diffusion of conserved densities
Authors: Chao Jingyi , Schäfer Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStochastic fluid dynamics governs the long time tails of hydrodynamic correlation functions, and the critical slowing down of relaxation phenomena in the vicinity of a critical point in the phase diagram. In this work we study the role of multiplicative noise in stochastic fluid dynamics. Multiplicative noise arises from the dependence of transport coefficients, such as the diffusion constants for charge and momentum, on fluctuating hydrodynamic variables. We study long time tails and relaxation in the diffusion of a conserved density (model B), and a conserved density coupled to the transverse momentum density (model H). Careful attention is paid to fluctuation-dissipation relations. We observe that multiplicative noise contributes at the same order as non-linear interactions in model B, but is a higher order correction to the relaxation of a scalar density and the tail of the stress tensor correlation function in model H.
Senescence under appraisal: hopes and challenges revisited
Authors: Davan-Wetton Camilla S. A. , Pessolano Emanuela , Perretti Mauro , Montero-Melendez Trinidad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, cellular senescence has become the focus of attention in multiple areas of biomedical research. Typically defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest accompanied by increased cellular growth, metabolic activity and by a characteristic messaging secretome, cellular senescence can impact on multiple physiological and pathological processes such as wound healing, fibrosis, cancer and ageing. These unjustly called ‘zombie cells’ are indeed a rich source of opportunities for innovative therapeutic development. In this review, we collate the current understanding of the process of cellular senescence and its two-faced nature, i.e. beneficial/detrimental, and reason this duality is linked to contextual aspects. We propose the senescence programme as an endogenous pro-resolving mechanism that may lead to sustained inflammation and damage when dysregulated or when senescent cells are not cleared efficiently. This pro-resolving model reconciles the paradoxical two faces of senescence by emphasising that it is the unsuccessful completion of the programme, and not senescence itself, what leads to pathology. Thus, pro-senescence therapies under the right context, may favour inflammation resolution. We also review the evidence for the multiple therapeutic approaches under development based on senescence, including its induction, prevention, clearance and the use of senolytic and senomorphic drugs. In particular, we highlight the importance of the immune system in the favourable outcome of senescence and the implications of an inefficient immune surveillance in completion of the senescent cycle. Finally, we identify and discuss a number of challenges and existing gaps to encourage and stimulate further research in this exciting and unravelled field, with the hope of promoting and accelerating the clinical success of senescence-based therapies.
Memantine in neurological disorders – schizophrenia and depression
Authors: Czarnecka Kamila , Chuchmacz Jakub , Wójtowicz Przemysław , Szymański Paweł 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMemantine is used in Alzheimer’s disease treatment as a non-competitive modern-affinity strong voltage-dependent N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. The fundamental role of these receptors is to bind glutamate: the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, believed to play a crucial role in neuronal plasticity and learning mechanisms. Glutamate transmission plays an important role in all internal CNS structures and maintains the physiological state of the brain. Excessive glutamate transmission can lead to enlarged calcium ion current which may cause neurotoxicity; however, insufficient transmission can drastically alter the information flow in neurons and the brain, potentially causing schizophrenia-like symptoms by replacing lost information with completely new stimuli. Hence, it is possible that the modulation of NMDA activity may give rise to pathophysiological states. Available literature and clinical trials indicate that memantine is well tolerated by patients, with very few and light side effects. There is a belief that memantine may also benefit other conditions such as schizophrenia and depression.
Isolierte Verletzung des tiefen Innenbands am Kniegelenk
Authors: Schroedter René , Hoser Christian , Wierer Guido 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungIsolierte Rupturen des tiefen Innenbands am Kniegelenk (dMCL) werden meist im chronischen Stadium bzw. in Zusammenhang mit einer Verletzung des oberflächlichen Innenbands beschrieben. In diesem Beitrag wird über den Fall eines 15-jährigen Patienten berichtet, welcher sich nach einem Außenrotationstrauma des Kniegelenks in der Notaufnahme vorstellte. Die weiterführende Diagnostik zeigte eine isolierte Läsion des tiefen Innenbands. Erstmaßnahmen erfolgten mit Schonung, Hochlagerung, Salbenverbänden, oraler Schmerztherapie und einer Knieorthese. Fünf Wochen nach dem initialen Trauma war der Patient beschwerdefrei. Anhand der aktuellen Literatur wird ein Therapieschema der akuten bis chronischen Läsion des dMCL diskutiert.
Prevalence, incidence and bothersomeness of urinary incontinence in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moossdorff-Steinhauser Heidi F. A. , Berghmans Bary C. M. , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , Bols Esther M. J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common and embarrassing complaint for pregnant women. Reported prevalence and incidence figures show a large range, due to varying case definitions, recruited population and study methodology. Precise prevalence and incidence figures on (bothersome) UI are of relevance for health care providers, policy makers and researchers. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and incidence of UI in pregnancy in the general population for relevant subgroups and assessed experienced bother.

Methods
All observational studies published between January 1998 and October 2018 reporting on prevalence and/or incidence of UI during pregnancy were included. All women, regardless of weeks of gestation and type of UI presented in all settings, were of interest. A random-effects model was used. Subgroup analyses were conducted by parity, trimester and subtype of UI.

Results
The mean (weighted) prevalence based on 44 included studies, containing a total of 88.305 women, was 41.0% (range of 9–75%). Stress urinary incontinence (63%) is the most prevalent type of UI; 26% of the women reported daily loss, whereas 40% reported loss on a monthly basis. Bother was experienced as mild to moderate.

Conclusions
UI is very prevalent and rising with the weeks of gestation in pregnancy. SUI is the most common type and in most cases it was a small amount. Bother for UI is heterogeneously assessed and experienced as mild to moderate by pregnant women.
Linking Bacterial Communities Associated with the Environment and the Ecosystem Engineer Orchestia gammarellus at Contrasting Salt Marsh Elevations
Authors: García Hernández Edisa , Berg Matty P. , Van Oosten A. Raoul , Smit Christian , Falcão Salles Joana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe digestive tract of animals harbors microbiota important for the host’s fitness and performance. The interaction between digestive tract bacteria and soil animal hosts is still poorly explored despite the importance of soil fauna for ecosystem processes. In this study, we investigated the interactions between the bacterial communities from the digestive tract of the litter-feeding, semi-terrestrial crustacean Orchestia gammarellus and those obtained from the environment; these organisms thrive in, i.e., soil and plant litter from salt marshes. We hypothesized that elevation is an important driver of soil and litter bacterial communities, which indirectly (via ingested soil and litter bacteria) influences the bacterial communities in the digestive tract of O. gammarellus. Indeed, our results revealed that elevation modulated soil and litter bacterial community composition along with soil organic matter content and the C:N ratio. Soil and plant litter differed in alpha diversity indexes (richness and diversity), and in the case of plant litter, both indexes increased with elevation. In contrast, elevation did not affect the composition of bacterial communities associated with O. gammarellus’ digestive tract, suggesting selection by the host, despite the fact that a large component of the bacterial community was also detected in external sources. Importantly, Ca. Bacilloplasma and Vibrio were highly prevalent and abundant in the host. The taxonomic comparison of Ca. Bacilloplasma amplicon sequence variants across the host at different elevations suggested a phylogenetic divergence due to host habitat (i.e., marine or semi-terrestrial), thus supporting their potential functional role in the animal physiology. Our study sheds light on the influence of the environment on soil animal–bacteria interactions and provides insights into the resilience of the O. gammarellus–associated bacteria to increased flooding frequency.
Identifying Potential Hosts of Short-Branch Microsporidia
Authors: Doliwa Annemie , Dunthorn Micah , Rassoshanska Erika , Mahé Frédéric , Bass David , Duarte Ritter Camila 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicrosporidia are obligate parasites that are closely related to Fungi. While the widely known “long-branch” Microsporidia infect mostly metazoans, the hosts of “short-branch” Microsporidia are only partially characterized or not known at all. Here, we used network analyses from Neotropical rainforest soil metabarcoding data, to infer co-occurrences between environmental lineages of short-branch microsporidians and their potential hosts. We found significant co-occurrences with several taxa, especially with Apicomplexa, Cercozoa, and Fungi, as well as some Metazoa. Our results are the first step to identify potential hosts of the environmental lineages of short-branch microsporidians, which can be targeted in future molecular and microscopic studies.