bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micropolar Couple Stress Nanofluid Flow by Non-Fourier’s-Law Heat Flux Model past a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Gadisa Gosa , Takele Tagay , Jabessa Shibiru 
Published: January 2021

In this investigation, thermal radiation effect on MHD nonlinear convective micropolar couple stress nanofluid flow by non-Fourier’s-law heat flux model past a stretching sheet with the effects of diffusion-thermo, thermal-diffusion, and first-order chemical reaction rate is reported. The robust numerical method called the Galerkin finite element method is applied to solve the proposed fluid model. We applied grid-invariance test to approve the convergence of the series solution. The effect of the various pertinent variables on velocity, angular velocity, temperature, concentration, local skin friction, local wall couple stress, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number is analyzed in both graphical and tabular forms. The range of the major relevant parameters used for analysis of the present study was adopted from different existing literatures by taking into consideration the history of the parameters and is given by

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The result obtained in this study is compared with that in the available literatures to confirm the validity of the present numerical method. Our result shows that the heat and mass transfer in the flow region of micropolar couple stress fluid can be enhanced by boosting the radiation parameters.
Change in Life’s Simple 7 Measure of Cardiovascular Health After Incident Stroke
Authors: Liu Chelsea , Roth David L. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Sheehan Orla C. , Blinka Marcela D. , Howard Virginia J. , Judd Suzanne E. , Cushman Mary 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:
Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) is a metric for cardiovascular health based on the 7 domains of smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Because they may be targeted for secondary prevention purposes, we hypothesized that stroke survivors would experience improvement in LS7 score over time compared with people who did not experience a stroke. We addressed this hypothesis in the REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) cohort of Black and White adults enrolled between 2003 and 2007.

Methods:
Participants who had LS7 data at baseline, were stroke-free at baseline, had a 10-year follow-up visit, and either did not have a stroke or had an ischemic stroke >1 year before follow-up were included (N=7569). Among these participants, 149 (2.0%) had an adjudicated ischemic stroke between the LS7 assessments. LS7 scores were classified as 0 to 2 points for each domain for a maximum score of 14, with higher scores representing better health. Multivariable linear regression was used to test the association of ischemic stroke with change in LS7 score. Covariates included baseline LS7 score, age, race, sex, education, and geographic region.

Results:

The 149 stroke survivors had an average of 4.9 years (SD=2.5) of follow-up from the stroke event to the second LS7 assessment. After adjusting for covariates, participants who experienced an ischemic stroke showed 0.28 points more decline in total LS7 score (
P
=0.03) than those who did not experience a stroke.

Conclusions:
Stroke survivors did not experience improvements in cardiovascular health due to secondary prevention after ischemic stroke. On the contrary, they experienced significantly greater decline, indicating the need for greater efforts in secondary prevention after a stroke.
Subjective Evaluation of Balance by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory Does Not Predict Fall Risk in Older Adults Visiting Otolaryngology Clinics
Authors: Abe-Fujisawa Iku , Maeda Yukihide , Takao Soshi , Kariya Shin , Nishizaki Kazunori 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Subjective symptoms of dizziness in older adults are affected not only by objective data such as postural balance, but also by complex psychological factors. Published data analyzing how simultaneous evaluations of both objective and subjective assessments of balance can predict fall risk remain lacking. This study examined how fall risk can be predicted based on both objective data for balance and hearing and subjective symptoms of dizziness among older adults visiting otolaryngology clinics. Methods: Medical charts of 76 patients ≥65 years old with dizziness/vertigo who visited the otolaryngology clinic were reviewed. Objective data were evaluated by postural balance (posturographic data with eyes open and closed, and one-leg standing test), spontaneous nystagmus, and mean hearing levels. Subjective handicap associated with dizziness/vertigo was assessed using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). Subjective mental status of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Information on history (cardiovascular diseases) and fall accidents within the preceding year was collected using an in-house interview sheet. Results: Objective data on postural balance did not correlate with subjective symptoms on DHI or HADS ( P > .05, Pearson’s correlation coefficient). Adjusted logistic regression modeling with the outcome of incident falls revealed that poor postural balance significantly predicted fall risk ( P < .05; 4.9 [1.4-16.8] per 10-cm2 increment). Nystagmus tended to be associated with fall risk. In contrast, DHI score did not predict fall risk ( P = .43; 1.0 [0.9-1.03]). Receiver operating characteristic analysis proposed a cut-off for postural sway with eyes closed >6.1 cm2 as optimal to predict falls in patients with nystagmus (AUC, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.997). Conclusion: Poor postural balance is associated with increased fall risk after adjusting for subjective symptoms in older adults at otolaryngology clinics. Conversely, the self-perceived dizziness handicap of DHI score is an insufficient tool to evaluate their fall risk.
Placenta Pathology From Term Born Neonates With Normal or Adverse Outcome
Authors: Nikkels Peter GJ , Evers Annemieke CC , Schuit Ewoud , Brouwers Hens AA , Bruinse Hein W , Bont Louis , Houben Michiel L , Kwee Anneke 
Published: January 2021

Background The incidence of umbilical cord or placental parenchyma abnormalities associated with mortality or morbidity of term infants is lacking. Methods Placentas of 55 antepartum stillbirths (APD), 21 intrapartum stillbirths (IPD), 12 neonatal deaths (ND), and 80 admissions to a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit (NS) were studied and compared with 439 placentas from neonates from normal term pregnancies and normal outcome after vaginal delivery (NPVD) and with 105 placentas after an elective caesarian sections (NPEC). Results NPVD and NPEC placentas showed no or one abnormality in 70% and placentas from stillbirth showed two or more abnormalities in 80% of cases. APD placentas more frequently had a low weight and less formation of terminal villi. Hypercoiling was more often present in all study groups. Severe chronic villitis was almost exclusively present in APD placentas. Chorioamnionitis was significantly more frequent in APD, IPD and NS placentas and funisitis was more often observed in IPD and NS placentas. Conclusion Multiple placental abnormalities are significantly more frequent in placentas from term neonates with severe perinatal morbidity and mortality. These placental abnormalities are thought to be associated with disturbed oxygen transfer or with inflammation.
Health characteristics of reproductive-aged autistic women in Ontario: A population-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Tint Ami , Brown Hilary K , Chen Simon , Lai Meng-Chuan , Tarasoff Lesley A , Vigod Simone N , Parish Susan , Havercamp Susan M , Lunsky Yona 
Published: January 2021

While an increasing number of girls and women are being identified with autism, we know little about the health of reproductive-aged autistic women. Our objectives were to (1) describe health characteristics of reproductive-aged autistic women who could potentially become pregnant and (2) compare these characteristics with those of non-autistic women. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using 2017–2018 administrative health data from Ontario, Canada. A total of 6,870 fifteen- to 44-year-old autistic women were identified and compared with 2,686,160 non-autistic women. Variables of interest included social determinants of health (neighborhood income, residential instability, material deprivation, rurality), health (co-occurring medical and psychiatric conditions, use of potentially teratogenic medications, history of assault), and health care factors (continuity of primary care). Overall, reproductive-aged autistic women had poorer health compared with non-autistic women, including increased rates of material deprivation, chronic medical conditions, psychiatric conditions, use of potentially teratogenic medications, and history of assault. These findings highlight the need for health interventions tailored to the needs of reproductive-aged autistic women. Lay abstract While an increasing number of girls and women are being identified with autism, we know little about reproductive-aged autistic women’s health. This study used administrative data from Ontario, Canada, to compare the health of reproductive-aged autistic women with non-autistic women. Overall, reproductive-aged autistic women had poorer health compared with non-autistic women, including increased rates of material deprivation, chronic medical conditions, psychiatric conditions, history of assault, and use of potentially teratogenic medications (i.e. drugs that can be harmful to the development of an embryo or fetus). These findings suggest that there is a need for health interventions tailored to the needs of reproductive-aged autistic women.
Does physical performance and muscle strength predict future personal and nursing care services in community-dwelling older adults aged 75+?
Authors: Vaarst Jonathan , Boyle Eleanor , Vestergaard Sonja , Hvid Lars G. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Glynn Nancy W. , Caserotti Paolo 
Published: January 2021

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate if grip strength or the short physical performance battery could predict the rate of receiving two different types of home care services: (a) personal care and (b) home nursing care for community-dwelling older adults aged 75+ years. Methods: A secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study including 323 community-dwelling older adults. Measures of grip strength and the short physical performance battery were incorporated in a nationally regulated preventive home visit programme. Referral to personal and home nursing care were obtained from an administrative database with an average follow-up of 4.1 years. The rate of receiving the individual home care services and the study measures were determined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models controlling for a priori selected covariates (age, sex, living status, obesity, smoking and prior use of home care). Results: The mean age was 81.7 years with 58.8% being women. The rate of receiving personal care differed between the short physical performance battery groups but not between the grip strength groups after adjusting for all covariates with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.90 (1.29–2.81) and 1.41 (0.95–2.08), respectively. The rate of receiving home nursing care differed between both the short physical performance battery and grip strength groups after adjusting for all covariates with hazard ratios of 2.03 (1.41–2.94) and 1.48 (1.01–2.16), respectively. Conclusions: The short physical performance battery was associated with the rate of receiving both personal care and home nursing care. The short physical performance battery can be used to predict home care needs of community-dwelling older adults aged 75+ years.
Patient Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Complications After Common Hand Procedures
Authors: Bryant Benjamin S. H. , Marsh Kathleen , Smithson Ian R. , Wigton Michael D. , Luo T. David , Chao Linda , Wiesler Ethan 
Published: January 2021

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), trigger finger (TF), and De Quervain tenosynovitis (DQ) are 3 common pathologies of the hand often treated with relatively simple surgical procedures. However, outcomes from these procedures can be compromised by postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between diabetes, tobacco use, and obesity and the incidence of postoperative complications. Methods: We reviewed 597 patients treated surgically for CTS, TF, or DQ from 2010 to 2015. We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to assess independent associations between diabetes, tobacco use, obesity, and surgical complications and compared the incidences with healthier patients without these comorbidities. We also looked at patients with overlapping diagnoses of these comorbidities. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that patients with diabetes and smokers were more likely to have a surgical complication. Multivariate analysis showed diabetes and tobacco use as independent predictors of complications. The disease states or combinations placing patients at the highest risk of a postoperative complication were the diabetic-smoker-obese, diabetic-smoker, diabetic-obese, diabetic, and smoker-obese groups. The diabetic-smoker-obese patient population had a 42.02% predicted rate of postoperative complications. Conclusions: Diabetes and tobacco use are independent risk factors for complications after operative treatment of CTS, TF, and DQ. Obesity when coexisting with diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or tobacco use increased the risk of complications. When the 3 patient factors evaluated, DM, obesity, and tobacco use, were present, the rate of complications was 42.02%. Careful assessment and discussion should occur before proceeding with operative treatment for simple hand conditions in patients with the risk factors studied.
Risk factors for postoperative blood transfusion after shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Kopechek Kyle J , Frantz Travis L , Everhart Joshua S , Samade Richard , Bishop Julie Y , Neviaser Andrew S , Cvetanovich Gregory L 
Published: January 2021

Purpose To identify the effect of surgical indication, patient factors, and perioperative characteristics on transfusion after shoulder arthroplasty (SA). Methods Shoulder arthroplasties for osteoarthritis (OA) ( N = 47), rotator cuff arthropathy (RCA) ( N = 50), fracture ( N = 76), revision ( N = 66), and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) ( N = 35) performed at a single institution during a 6-year period were included. All other indications were excluded. Patient-based and surgical risk factors, including surgical indication, for postoperative allogeneic red blood cell transfusion were assessed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 274 SAs were included; transfusions were performed in 2% (2/97) of primary SAs for OA or RCA. Increased transfusion rates occurred in PJI (23%, p = 0.0006) and fracture (18%, p = 0.0018) cases. The mean preoperative hemoglobin (Hgb) was 12.2 ± 2.2 with PJI, 12.0 ± 2.1 with fracture, and 13.3 ± 1.6 g/dL for all other SAs. Independent risk factors for transfusion included lower preoperative hemoglobin ( p < 0.001), PJI indication ( p = 0.008), and fracture indication ( p = 0.02), with no difference for fracture greater or less than 4 weeks old ( p = 0.53). Conclusion Risk factors for allogeneic red blood cell transfusion after SA were low preoperative hemoglobin and procedures for PJI or fracture. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case-control study
Assessing the required glenoid peg penetration in native scapula when bone graft is used during primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Makki Daoud , Balbisi Basel , Arshad Mohammed S , Monga Puneet , Bale Steven , Trail Ian , Walton Michael 
Published: January 2021

Aims Achieving purchase in native glenoid bone is essential for the stability of the glenoid baseplate when bone graft is used to address bone loss in both primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty procedures. The aim of this study is to assess the required depth of the baseplate peg in native bone when bone graft is used to result in satisfactory integration. Patients and methods The CT scans of patients who underwent either primary or revision arthroplasty procedures with bone graft using the SMR Axioma Trabecular Titanium (TT) Metal Backed glenoid system were assessed. We measured the depth of the glenoid peg in native glenoid bone. Measurements were taken by two authors separately. Results The scans of 53 patients (mean age 68 years) with a minimum follow-up of two years were reviewed. Implants included 12 anatomical and 41 reverse geometry prostheses. There were 17 primaries and 36 revisions: hemiarthroplasties (20) total (14) and reverse (2) implants. Bone grafts were from humeral head (15), iliac crest (34) and allograft (4). The mean depths were 8.8 mm (first assessor) and 9.10 mm (second assessor). The glenoid peg violated the glenoid vault in 32 patients and this did not adversely affect the outcome. There were three failures of implants all of which were aseptic failures and had peg penetration of less than 6 mm. Conclusions The mean depth of glenoid peg in native bone was 9 mm (variation between 0.2 and 0.52 mm at 95% confidence interval). Aseptic loosening was seen with peg penetration less than 6 mm in native bone. Glenoid vault violation was not associated with loosening.
Drain fluid cryo-explant technique for treatment of superior bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in young adults
Authors: Solaiman Kamal A.M. , Mahrous Ashraf , Enany Hesham A. , Bor’i Ashraf 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the drain fluid cryo-explant (DFCE) technique for the management of uncomplicated superior bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in young adults. Patients and methods: A retrospective study that included eyes with uncomplicated superior bullous RRD in patients ⩽40 years old. DFCE technique consists of sequential drainage of subretinal fluid, intravitreal fluid injection, cryotherapy, and placement of a scleral explant(s). The primary outcome measure was anatomical reposition of the retina after a single surgery. Secondary outcome measures included improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and any reported complication related to the procedure. Results: The study included 51 eyes which met the study eligibility criteria. The mean duration of detachment was 19.7 ± 6.4 days. A single retinal break was found in 31 eyes (60.8%), and more than one break were found in 20 eyes (39.2%). The mean number of breaks per eye was 1.72 ± 1.04. The mean detached area per eye was 7.21 ± 3.19 clock hours, and the macula was detached in 22 eyes (43.1%). Flattening of the retina and closure of all retinal breaks was achieved in all eyes after a single surgery. Late recurrence of retinal detachment occurred in two eyes (3.9%) due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). No complicated cataract or iatrogenic retinal breaks were detected in all eyes. Conclusion: DFCE technique could be effectively used for treatment of uncomplicated superior bullous RRD in adults ⩽40 years. It is safe and provides good visualization during surgery with no iatrogenic retinal breaks or complicated cataract.
Cathepsin B promotes collagen biosynthesis, which drives bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
Authors: Morrone Carmela , Smirnova Natalia F. , Jeridi Aicha , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Hollauer Christine , Schupp Jonas Christian , Kaminski Naftali , Jenne Dieter , Eickelberg Oliver , Yildirim Ali Önder 
Published: January 2021

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a major complication after lung transplantation (LTx). BOS is characterised by massive peribronchial fibrosis, leading to air trapping-induced pulmonary dysfunction. Cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease, has been shown to enforce fibrotic pathways in several diseases. However, the relevance of cathepsin B in BOS progression has not yet been addressed. The aim of the study was to elucidate the function of cathepsin B in BOS pathogenesis.We determined cathepsin B levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue from healthy donors (HD) and BOS LTx patients. Cathepsin B activity was assessedviaa fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay and protein expression was determined using Western blotting, ELISA and immunostaining. To investigate the impact of cathepsin B in the pathophysiology of BOS, we used anin vivoorthotopic left LTx mouse model. Mechanistic studies were performedin vitrousing macrophage and fibroblast cell lines.We found a significant increase of cathepsin B activity in BALF and lung tissue from BOS patients, as well as in our murine model of lymphocytic bronchiolitis. Moreover, cathepsin B activity was associated with increased biosynthesis of collagen and had a negative effect on lung function. We observed that cathepsin B was mainly expressed in macrophages that infiltrated areas characterised by a massive accumulation of collagen deposition. Mechanistically, macrophage-derived cathepsin B contributed to transforming growth factor-β1-dependent activation of fibroblasts, and its inhibition reversed the phenotype.Infiltrating macrophages release active cathepsin B, thereby promoting fibroblast activation and subsequent collagen deposition, which drive BOS. Cathepsin B represents a promising therapeutic target to prevent the progression of BOS.
Association between asthma control trajectories in preschoolers and disease remission
Authors: Longo Cristina , Blais Lucie , Brownell Marni , Quail Jacqueline M. , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Forget Amélie , Turcot Marc-André , Nie Yao , Li Wenbin , Tavakoli Hamid , Tan Qier , Fan Yuxin , Platt Robert W. , Ducharme Francine M. 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionEarly disease morbidity has been associated with asthma persistence in wheezing preschoolers; however, whether asthma control trajectories shortly after diagnosis could influence remission is unknown. We examined the association between asthma control trajectories 2 years post-diagnosis in preschoolers and subsequent disease remission.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre population-based retrospective cohort study consisting of 48 687 children with asthma diagnosed before 5 years old and born between 1990 and 2013 in four Canadian provinces who had prolonged disease activity post-diagnosis. Prolonged disease activity was defined as one or more medical visits or medications for asthma every 6-month period for at least four of the six periods post-diagnosis. Follow-up began at 3 years post-diagnosis (at cohort entry). Remission was defined as 2 consecutive years without drug claims or medical visits for asthma or asthma-like conditions following cohort entry. Asthma control trajectories, ascertained over four 6-month periods following diagnosis using a validated index, were classified as: “controlled throughout”, “improving control”, “worsening control”, “out of control throughout” and “fluctuating control”. Adjusted Cox models estimated associations between asthma control trajectories and time to remission. A random effects meta-analysis summarised province-specific hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsThe pooled remission rate was 8.91 (95% CI 8.80–9.02) per 100 person-years. Compared with children controlled throughout, poorer asthma control was associated with incrementally lower hazard ratios of remission in four other trajectories: improving control (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.96), fluctuating control (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.71–0.85), worsening control (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.62–0.75) and out of control throughout (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.45–0.59).ConclusionsAsthma control trajectories 2 years following a diagnosis in preschoolers were associated with remission, highlighting the clinical relevance of documenting control trajectories in early life.