bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective afforestation in agroforestry landscapes of the Middle Don basin
Authors: Mikhina E A , Taniykevich V V , Mikhin V I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The use of forest reclamation facilities to transform the landscapes of the Middle Don basin of the European part of Russia is an important aspect in improving the natural conditions of agricultural territories. In the Central Black Earth Region, they occupy an area of 600000 hectares and form the ecological framework of forest agrarian landscapes. The purpose of our research is to establish the optimal conditions for the growth and reforestation efficiency of protective plantations in different conditions. Modern methods and approaches were used for forestry and land reclamation assessment of forest belts. In artificial linear plantings, the biometric indicators of growth and safety in fast-growing species are most pronounced at the initial density of creation and 3334 pcs/ha. The best companions for joint cultivation of English oak are Norway maple and yellow acacia. In the conditions of typical chernozem, the highest values for the growth of rocks are noted. In winter, protective plantations accumulate snow water reserves of 435-430 m3/ha, which makes it possible to form an additional yield of grain crops by 320-430 kg/ha in the strip zones.
Assessment of the ecological and biological features of the development of shrub introduced species in the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region
Authors: Moiseeva E V , Kramareva T N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the course of research, the authors analyzed the results of the introduction of shrub plants of different taxonomic groups in the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region. Most of the representatives of the collections under consideration (a collection of deciduous shrubs, a collection of ornamental shrubs, a collection of coniferous shrubs) showed significant adaptive capabilities in the conditions of the region under consideration. Recommendations on the possibility of using introduced shrubs in green urban construction are given, and species and forms that are not suitable for this purpose are identified. The authors have developed a methodology for assessing the results of introduction tests of shrub plants using the example of the Central Black Earth Region, which can be used in other regions of the Russian Federation and countries of the world to conduct similar tests. This technique is quite simple, but it allows you to create a complete picture of the adaptive capabilities of introduced species, since is based on basic indicators of plant vitality (drought resistance, winter hardiness, average annual growth, observation of flowering and seed production).
Systematization and mathematical modeling of classification features of forest rakes
Authors: Platonov A , Zimarin S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With proper maintenance of many territories a technological operation of collecting and raking up chopped residues of undesirable tree and shrub vegetation is often performed. At the same time, despite the variety of mechanization tools used, their classification is currently difficult. The purpose of the research was to develop a classification of technical means for collecting and raking chopped residues with the justification of their name and rational definition. Based on the analysis of more than 500 models the authors of the research recommended to designate the considered technical means as “Forest Rake” and a corresponding definition has been formulated. The authors of the carried out the classification of forest rakes, a system of equations has been developed that describes the position of the boundaries of the characteristic zones of the distribution of the working width of the forest rake, the boundary values of a number of parameters are shown, the criteria for the density of the teeth and the specific width of the rake are proposed, the values of these criteria are given. The results of the work can be used by manufacturing enterprises engaged in the maintenance and operation of transport infrastructure facilities.
Chipboards as raw material of furniture
Authors: Razinkov E M , Savinkov M A , Litvinova Yu A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The problem of using wood materials in residential premises is closely related to the issues of forestry. This is due to the fact that the wood subsequently processed into materials and products emits a gas harmful to humans - formaldehyde. In Russia, there are strict requirements for the permissible level of formaldehyde in the air (0.01 mg/m3) both in residential premises and in the atmosphere. The environmentally friendly wood emits formaldehyde. The emission of formaldehyde may exceed the permissible level up to 10 times when obtaining chipboards using urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins. Such an excess of the permissible level of formaldehyde is especially characteristic for chipboards. Moreover, a much larger amount of formaldehyde is emitted from urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins during their hot curing than it is in the liquid resin in its free form. Therefore, much attention in this work is paid to the curing process of urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins in relation to the manufacturing conditions of chipboards. The study of this process was based on the models related to the manufacturing conditions of chipboards using the microscopy method. It was found that some formaldehyde is preserved in vapor-gas bubbles and eventually moves out the chipboards.
Ecological and physiological modelling of mixed stand dynamics
Authors: Lisitsyn V I , Matveev N N , Saushkin V V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Modelling the dynamics of forest ecosystems is an urgent task, as the volume of publications in the Russian and world press demonstrates. In the proposed work, a new ecological and physiological model of a mixed forest stand has considered. Basically, it proceeds from the ecological and physiological model of a single-breed forest stand, that had obtained from the analysis of the behavior of an open thermodynamic system, which is a forest ecosystem. Four differential equations are required to describe a two-species stand, with the mutual influence of species being expressed both in interspecific competition for a resource and in mutual ‘support’ in the growth of the trees. The model of mixed stand with two species contains 10 independent parameters that have a clear physical meaning. Six parameters relate to the dynamics of each species, and four ones take into account the interactions of the species during growth. The verification of the model is presented by calculating the biomass dynamics for full two-stage aspen-spruce stands of European part (middle taiga ecoregion) of the first appraisal area. The presented model of the dynamics of forest ecosystems can be used in practical forestry, especially in the transition from an extensive method of forestry to an intensive one.
Ecological and economic management tools in forestry
Authors: Bezrukova T L , Larionov V G , Kuksova I V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The importance of this article is related to the development of new policies for the management of the forestry business. The emergence of new business practices requires a revision of existing business management systems or the acquisition of new unique management skills. This article highlights the key ecological and economic management tools in forestry, identified as a result of the study of the works of domestic and foreign authors, as well as the provisions of regulatory legal acts. The developed environmental and financial forestry management tools make it possible to consider both industries and economic entities for the impact on the environment, aimed at the prospects for the creation of a certain entity. Upon completion of this work, important environmental and economic management tools were adopted that will contribute to the formation of a management idea for forestry. When modeling the ecological and economic management of forestry, a rational option for regulating the instruments was chosen, which would bring the system to the desired state. It was concluded that it is necessary to maximize the coefficients regulating the instruments of environmental and economic management of forestry. It is also necessary to improve the environmental audit and insurance, the legislative mechanism, the introduction of trade rights in certain territories.
Mechanical resistance of Quercus robur L. at the environmental boundary of the species distribution in the steppe
Authors: Kharchenko N N , Kalaev V N , Kornienko V O 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper studies the mechanical resistance of old-age pedunculate oak trees which grow at the environmental boundary of the species distribution in the steppe. The trees of the studied species growing in the south of the East European Plain (Donetsk Ridge) can be about 200 years old and still be viable (good condition) and have a high mechanical resistance (critical mass (mcr)=105 kg, and flexural stiffness=9.8·107 N·m2) even under unfavourable environmental conditions. A strong dependence of the morphometric parameter of the ratio was established between the tree trunk diameter and its height on the parameters of the trunk bending stiffness, its critical mass, and the relative resistance to bending. The obtained results of statistical analysis can be used to monitor oak forests and scattered trees of Quercus robur L. in order to single out plants with low mechanical resistance with the help of the d/l parameter which serves as a morphometric marker of the tree resistance.
Silver nanoparticles for enhancing the efficiency of micropropagation of gray poplar (Populus × canescens Aiton. Sm.)
Authors: Vasyukova I , Gusev A , Zakharova O , Baranchikov P , Yevtushenko N 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of the work was to determine the prospects for the use of silver nanoparticles in woody plants tissue culture and to identify possible limitations. The paper presents the results of experiments on the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to increase the efficiency ofin vitrotissue culture of woody plant cultures using the example of gray poplar (Populus×canescens Aiton. Sm.) at various stages of microclonal reproduction. It has been shown that sequential treatment with 7.5 g/L NaOCl for 30 min and 0.3 g/L AgNPs for 5 min allows obtaining 100% phytopathogen-free explants, increasing their viability. Modification of the nutrient medium with AgNPs at concentrations of 1.5…3 μg/L during multiplication and rooting reduces the phytopathogen infestation, and also stimulates the formation of the root system and accelerates the growth of the vegetative part of the shoots. In addition, the combination of photosynthetic and enzymatic activity suggests a rather high potential for stress resistance of experimental microclones in comparison with control ones.
Economic-mathematical model of obtaining commodity products of the green construction department of the Krasnoyarsk city
Authors: Haydenok N , Chumakov V , Yakovenko N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the possibility of obtaining marketable products from plant raw materials obtained as a result of urban landscaping and gardening in Krasnoyarsk. The aim of this scientific research is to create an effective system of recycling environmentally friendly organic waste, and thus to reduce the negative impact on the environment and ensure environmental safety. The material of the research is organic waste from pruning of trees, bushes and lawn mowing, as well as means of production for their processing. A linear programming method was used in the work. Solving the posed optimization problem according to the chosen criteria and established systems of restrictions, we will receive either the maximum income, or the minimum costs, or the maximum productivity. It is realistic to formulate the optimization problem seasonally. Economic effect is achieved by reducing the cost of landfill disposal and obtaining a profit from the sale of commercial products made from green organic waste. The project is planned to be implemented on the basis of Krasnoyarsk municipal enterprise “Green Building Department”. The prospect of this research is to reduce the amount of waste by maximising recycling and incorporating it into the economy.
Simulation of loading dynamics and hydrodynamics of drives of forest machine working bodies
Authors: Yu Yudina N , Yudin R V , Maksimenkov A I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The need to take into account the dynamic processes that occur when performing technological operations using the working bodies of forest machines with a hydraulic drive is due to the fact that its absence leads to a distortion of the obtained results, since the kinematic schemes do not take into account the influence of hydraulic fluid in the elements of the hydraulic system. In this regard, it became necessary to develop models that take into account the dynamics of working body loading and the hydrodynamics of its drives. It is recommended to consider the influence of the process dynamics by introducing dynamic factors. The resulting mathematical model allows you to determine the actual values of the hydraulic cylinder, taking into account the errors associated with fluid leakage. As a result of the study, it was possible to connect the pressure change in the hydraulic cylinder, the movement of the pistons in the hydraulic cylinder and the rotor of the hydraulic motor, as well as the appearance of inertial forces. The connecting component is the balance of fluid and hydraulic system volumes.
Improving the quality of the band saw cut
Authors: Ivanovskiy V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of the dynamic characteristics of the band sawing process to improve their efficiency. The object of study is: band saw, softwood. A screening experiment was carried out when sawing with band saws to identify key influencing factors on the quality of the treated surface (roughness) and sawing force (sawing power). Rational values of key influencing factors were determined. The effectiveness of the sawing regimes with band saws was evaluated. In the course of laboratory tests of the new saw, it was found that the moisture content of the wood has the maximum effect on the quality of the sawing walls. According to the degree of influence of factors, the roughness of the cut depends on the moisture content of the wood, the feed per tooth, the type of cutting relative to the wood grain and the height of the cut. As a result of a multivariate experiment, two regression equations were obtained for the assumed roughness of the cut and the cutting power. The estimation of the significance of the coefficients in the given interval of variation of the influencing factors is carried out.
Analysis of low requirement justification of the current standard for the strength of wood particle boards
Authors: Razinkov E M , Ishchenko T L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Currently, wood particle boards made of crushed shavings are widely used in the production of cabinet furniture, despite their shortcomings. The volume of particle board production in Russia is constantly growing. The main disadvantages of the boards include their toxicity associated with the release of gas (formaldehyde) harmful to humans above the permissible level (PL = 0.01 mg/m3 of air), low strength properties (especially bending strength) and limited areas of application of the boards. If we trace the dynamics of the technical requirements for these properties of boards according to the standards, then the question arises - what is the reason for the decrease in the requirements for the strength of boards in bending and, in this regard, the limitation of the application areas of particle board? A regular decrease in the requirements in the newly introduced State Standards has been constantly occurring since 1977, but this is especially noticeable in the current 10632-2014 State Standard. This article focuses on the possible objective and subjective reasons for the low requirements of the current standard for the strength of wood particle board.
Influence of anthropogenic impact of vehicles on roadside forest plantations
Authors: Korablev R A , Belokurov V P , Belokurov S V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents studies of the growth and development of forest stands along highways as a result of man-made impacts from road transport emissions. The obtained mathematical model describing the dynamics of the growth of the biomass of stands of various bonities of roadside stands during the period of light saturation is presented. In this regard, the obtained mathematical model describing the dynamics of the growth of the biomass of stands of various bonitets of roadside forest stands during the period of light saturation is presented. The use of the bonus in research to characterize the growth rate of forest roadside plantings depending on the distance to highways and the density of traffic flows on them allows us to characterize the amount of toxic pollutants entering forests. This allows us to assess the process of expanding the environmentally unfavorable zone along the highway. The article presents the possibility of calculating the concentration of pollutants, based on the model of turbulent diffusion, reduced, after some assumption, to the model of Gaussian distribution in atmospheric air. The dependence on the calculation of the intensity of emissions of pollutants, taking into account the composition of the traffic flow, is given.
Generating a three-dimensional measuring scene for the forest sector as based on modern geodetic technologies
Authors: Begliarov N , Mitrofanov E , Kiseleva V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Modern geodetic technologies of gathering three-dimensional spatial data incorporate terrestrial laser scanning and aerial photo survey from unmanned aerial vehicles. The combination of these technologies and joint result of survey provide the data of 3D point model and accurate information on trunks and crowns of individual trees. The paper examines the experiment with the application of method of formation of 3D measuring scene in the form of dense cloud of points combining the results of terrestrial laser scanning and materials of photogrammetric processing of UAV-provided data. The method eliminates basic shortcomings of each technology, enhances their advantages, and opens the way to the compilation of more representative 3D measuring scenes. A specific advantage of the method is the outcropping of detailed information on the form, size and condition of individual tree crowns. This option finds a practical application in landscape evaluation and design, remote measuring of trunk parameters excluding the felling of model trees for the compilation of regional timber account tables. The closest perspectives of method development are related to increasing the accuracy of combined survey by specifying flight missions and working with the light regime under forest canopy.
One-year monitoring of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban areas of Malaysia
Authors: Hawari N S S L , Latif M T , Othman M , Hanif N M , Hamid H H A , Mustaffa N I H , Mohtar A A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
VOCs have been one of the important limiting factors of O3 photochemical production in the urban tropical region. This study aims to determine the variation and composition of aromatic VOCs as well as their contribution to the O3 formation. The hourly data of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and ozone (O3) were retrieved from January until December 2019 at three continuous air quality monitoring stations (S1, S2 and S3) operated by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). Aromatic VOCs is detected by using an online gas chromatography analyser (GC 5000BTX). The annual average ΣBTEX concentrations ranged from 14.53 ± 12.43 μg m-3 to 25.04 ± 24.04 μg m-3 during the observation period, with toluene as the most dominant species with an average concentration of 10.65 ± 12.12 μg m-3. The O3 formation potential (OFP) was calculated and the results indicated that toluene is the highest contributor of O3-forming potential, followed by m, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene and benzene with the value of 127.8 μg m-3 (40.90 %), 103.0 μg m-3 (32.97 %), 48.66 μg m-3 (15.58 %), 26.17 μg m-3 (8.38 %) and 6.74 μg m-3 (2.15 %), respectively. Since the study of VOCs in Malaysia is quite limited, a more comprehensive study is currently underway to integrate the research on variation of VOCs in ambient air and its impact on the environment and human health.
Numerical simulation of hydraulic optimization for regulating tank in pumping station
Authors: Zhu Xiaoming , Shi Sha , Si Jing , Fitri Arniza , Pratiwi Dian , Agustina Adelia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on the governing equations of steady incompressible fluid, renormalization group (RNG) turbulence model and SIMPLEC algorithm are used to calculate the steady flow field of regulating tank in the pumping station with six different geometries operating under same condition. The impacts of the layout schemes of guide walls for the flow field of the regulating tank are analyzed. The numerical results are verified by physical model experiment and good agreement is found. The results show that: 1) serious flow separation of side wall will occur in the regulating tank when the interval of diversion wall is 10 L; 2) the flow velocity in the regulating tank will be too low when the diversion wall spacing is 16 L; 3) the improvement of the flow pattern of the regulating tank is not obvious; and the project cost is increased when the excavation depth of the regulating tank is increased by 1 m; 4) the bottom velocity reached the non-silting velocity and the head loss of the regulating tank reducing nearly 1.2 m by using arrangement form of wide 21 L and narrow 10L of the guide walls, which provides a certain guarantee for the safe operation of the pumping station. The regulation tank layout scheme proposed in the paper can be applied to engineering practice.
Numerical study on percolation and dam slope’s stability of impermeable wall composed by clay and concrete for earth-rock dam
Authors: Zhu Xiaoming , Tan Linlu , Si Jing , Shi Sha , Yu Kai , Fitri Arniza 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to study the percolation and dam slope’s stability of an impermeable wall composed by clay and concrete for earth-rock dam, the steady seepage field of a reservoir in Jiangxi is numerically simulated by using finite element method based on the basic principles of saturated and unsaturated seepage under different ratios of clay to concrete. The results of the flow field of steady seepage are carried out and the dam slope’s stability is analyzed. We found relatively minor impacts of concrete proportion on the discharge of seepage per unit width and the dam slope’s stability. In this study, the impermeability performance of the impermeable wall is concerned. The results showed that impermeable effect of the impermeable wall has not obviously changed if the concrete proportion is below 0.43. When the proportion of concrete exceeds 0.43, the anti-seepage effect of the impermeable wall begins to change significantly. Besides, when the proportion of concrete reaches 1.0, the reduction of water level at front and behind impermeable wall, the discharge of seepage per unit width, and the safety factor of the Bishop method are all infinitely close to the value of the best anti-seepage performance and the most stable state of the dam slope.