bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered faecal microbiome and metabolome in IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Liu Qiaoyan , Li Bo , Li Yikang , Wei Yiran , Huang Bingyuan , Liang Jubo , You Zhengrui , Li You , Qian Qiwei , Wang Rui , Zhang Jun , Chen Ruiling , Lyu Zhuwan , Chen Yong , Shi Mingxia , Xiao Xiao , Wang Qixia , Miao Qi , Fang Jing-Yuan , Gershwin Merrill Eric , Lian Min , Ma Xiong , Tang Ruqi 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveMultiple clinical similarities exist between IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and while gut dysbiosis has been extensively studied in PSC, the role of the gut microbiota in IgG4-SC remains unknown. Herein, we aimed to evaluate alterations of the gut microbiome and metabolome in IgG4-SC and PSC.DesignWe performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of faecal samples from 135 subjects with IgG4-SC (n=34), PSC (n=37) and healthy controls (n=64). A subset of the samples (31 IgG4-SC, 37 PSC and 45 controls) also underwent untargeted metabolomic profiling.ResultsCompared with controls, reduced alpha-diversity and shifted microbial community were observed in IgG4-SC and PSC. These changes were accompanied by differences in stool metabolomes. Importantly, despite some common variations in the microbiota composition and metabolic activity, integrative analyses identified distinct host–microbe associations in IgG4-SC and PSC. The disease-associated genera and metabolites tended to associate with the transaminases in IgG4-SC. Notable depletion ofBlautiaand elevated succinic acid may underlie hepatic inflammation in IgG4-SC. In comparison, potential links between the microbial or metabolic signatures and cholestatic parameters were detected in PSC. Particularly, concordant decrease ofEubacteriumand microbiota-derived metabolites, including secondary bile acids, implicated novel host–microbial metabolic pathways involving cholestasis of PSC. Interestingly, the predictive models based on metabolites were more effective in discriminating disease status than those based on microbes.ConclusionsOur data reveal that IgG4-SC and PSC possess divergent host–microbe interplays that may be involved in disease pathogenesis. These data emphasise the uniqueness of IgG4-SC.
Megarectum: systematic histopathological evaluation of 35 patients and new common pathways in chronic rectal dilatation
Authors: Martin Joanne E , English William , Kendall John V , Sheshappanavar Vinayata , Peroos Sara , West Milly , Cleeve Stewart , Knowles Charles 
Published: May 2021

AimsMegarectum is well described in the surgical literature but few contemporary pathological studies have been undertaken. There is uncertainty whether ‘idiopathic’ megarectum is a primary neuromuscular disorder or whether chronic dilatation leads to previously reported and unreported pathological changes. We sought to answer this question.MethodsSystematic histopathological evaluation (in accord with international guidance) of 35 consecutive patients undergoing rectal excision surgery for megarectum (primary: n=24) or megarectum following surgical correction of anorectal malformation (secondary: n=11) in a UK university hospital with adult/paediatric surgical and gastrointestinal neuropathology expertise.ResultsWe confirmed some previously reported observations, notably hypertrophy of the muscularis propria (27 of 35, 77.1% of patients) and extensive fibrosis (30 of 35, 85.7% of patients). We also observed unique and previously unreported features including elastosis (19 of 33, 57.6%) and the presence of polyglucosan bodies (15 of 32, 46.9% of patients). In contrast to previous literature, few patients had any strong evidence of specific forms of visceral neuropathy (5 of 35, including 3 plexus duplications) or myopathy (6 of 35, including 3 muscle duplications). All major pathological findings were common to both primary and secondary forms of the disease, implying that these may be a response to chronic rectal distension rather than of primary aetiology.ConclusionsIn the largest case series reported to date, we challenge the current perception of idiopathic megarectum as a primary neuromuscular disease and propose a cellular pathway model for the features present. The severe morphological changes account for some of the irreversibility of the condition and reinforce the need to prevent ongoing rectal distension when first identified.
Subjective cognitive complaints at age 70: associations with amyloid and mental health
Authors: Pavisic Ivanna M. , Lu Kirsty , Keuss Sarah E. , James Sarah-Naomi , Lane Christopher A. , Parker Thomas D. , Keshavan Ashvini , Buchanan Sarah M. , Murray-Smith Heidi , Cash David M. , Coath William , Wong Andrew , Fox Nick C. , Crutch Sebastian J. , Richards Marcus , Schott Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in relation to β-amyloid pathology and to test for associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition and family history of dementia in the Insight 46 study.MethodsCognitively unimpaired ~70-year-old participants, all born in the same week in 1946 (n=460, 49% female, 18% amyloid-positive), underwent assessments including the SCD-Questionnaire (MyCog). MyCog scores were evaluated with respect to18F-Florbetapir-PET amyloid status (positive/negative). Associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition (measured by the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite, PACC) and family history of dementia were also investigated. The informant’s perspective on SCD was evaluated in relation to MyCog score.ResultsAnxiety (mean (SD) trait anxiety score: 4.4 (3.9)) was associated with higher MyCog scores, especially in women. MyCog scores were higher in amyloid-positive compared with amyloid-negative individuals (adjusted means (95% CIs): 5.3 (4.4 to 6.1) vs 4.3 (3.9 to 4.7), p=0.044), after accounting for differences in anxiety. PACC (mean (SD) −0.05 (0.68)) and family history of dementia (prevalence: 23.9%) were not independently associated with MyCog scores. The informant’s perception of SCD was generally in accordance with that of the participant.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study demonstrates that symptoms of SCD are associated with both β-amyloid pathology, and more consistently, trait anxiety in a population-based cohort of older adults, at an age when those who are destined to develop dementia are still likely to be some years away from symptoms. This highlights the necessity of considering anxiety symptoms when assessing Alzheimer’s disease pathology and SCD.
Psychological interventions to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption: a narrative review of literature
Authors: Gorsky Kevin , Black Nick D , Niazi Ayan , Saripella Aparna , Englesakis Marina , Leroux Timothy , Chung Frances , Niazi Ahtsham U 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundEvidence suggests that over half of patients undergoing surgical procedures suffer from poorly controlled postoperative pain. In the context of an opioid epidemic, novel strategies for ameliorating postoperative pain and reducing opioid consumption are essential. Psychological interventions defined as strategies targeted towards reducing stress, anxiety, negative emotions and depression via education, therapy, behavioral modification and relaxation techniques are an emerging approach towards these endpoints.ObjectiveThis review explores the efficacy of psychological interventions for reducing postoperative pain and opioid use in the acute postoperative period.Evidence reviewAn extensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Medline In-Process/ePubs, Embase, Ovid Emcare Nursing, and PsycINFO, Web of Science (Clarivate), PubMed-NOT-Medline (NLM), CINAHL and ERIC, and two trials registries, ClinicalTrials.Gov (NIH) and WHO ICTRP. Included studies were limited to those investigating adult human subjects, and those published in English.FindingsThree distinct forms of psychological interventions were identified: relaxation, psychoeducation and behavioral modification therapy. Study results showed a reduction in both postoperative opioid use and pain scores (n=5), reduction in postoperative opioid use (n=3), reduction in postoperative pain (n=5), no significant reduction in pain or opioid use (n=7), increase in postoperative opioid use (n=1) and an increase in postoperative pain (n=1).ConclusionSome preoperative psychological interventions can reduce pain scores and opioid consumption in the acute postoperative period; however, there is a clear need to strengthen the evidence for these interventions. The optimal technique, strategies, timing and interface requires further investigation.
Effect of temperature on 13C and 15N incorporation rates and discrimination factors in two North American fishes
Authors: Maitland Bryan M. , Rio Carlos Martínez del , Rahel Frank J. 
Published: May 2021

The biological parameters needed to interpret isotopic field data on food webs — namely isotopic incorporation and discrimination (Δ13C and Δ15N) — are unknown for many animals. We investigated the effects of temperature on carbon and nitrogen incorporation and discrimination in creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) by rearing wild-caught fish on a distinct diet at 12 and 20 °C for 160 days. Mass specific growth rates were higher at 20 °C. Isotopic turnover was mainly influenced by metabolic processes as opposed to growth in both species, especially white sucker. Cold-reared fish had slower rates of isotopic incorporation and higher isotopic residence times than warm-reared fish. Discrimination factors were generally smaller for Δ15N (range = 1.9 to 3.0) and larger for Δ13C (range = 1.4 to 2.3) than values reported for other fishes. Variable temperature effects on discrimination suggests unmeasured effects of the experimental diet which will require additional experimentation to tease apart. These results support the hypothesis that metabolic rates are correlated with isotopic incorporation rates in animals dependent on environmental temperature.
A Survey on Stream-Based Recommender Systems
Authors: Al-Ghossein Marie , Abdessalem Talel , BARRÉ Anthony 
Published: May 2021

Recommender Systems (RS) have proven to be effective tools to help users overcome information overload, and significant advances have been made in the field over the past two decades. Although addressing the recommendation problem required first a formulation that could be easily studied and evaluated, there currently exists a gap between research contributions and industrial applications where RS are actually deployed. In particular, most RS are meant to function in batch: they rely on a large static dataset and build a recommendation model that is only periodically updated. This functioning introduces several limitations in various settings, leading to considering more realistic settings where RS learn from continuous streams of interactions. Such RS are framed as Stream-Based Recommender Systems (SBRS).
In this article, we review SBRS, underline their relation with time-aware RS and online adaptive learning, and present and categorize existing work that tackle the corresponding problem and its multiple facets. We discuss the methodologies used to evaluate SBRS and the adapted datasets that can be used, and finally we outline open challenges in the area.
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Remodel the Tumor Immune Environment to Enhance Immune Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy
Authors: Pelly Victoria S. , Moeini Agrin , Roelofsen Lisanne M. , Bonavita Eduardo , Bell Charlotte R. , Hutton Colin , Blanco-Gomez Adrian , Banyard Antonia , Bromley Christian P. , Flanagan Eimear , Chiang Shih-Chieh , Jørgensen Claus , Schumacher Ton N. , Thommen Daniela S. , Zelenay Santiago 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Identifying strategies to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) remains a major clinical need. Here, we show that therapeutically targeting the COX2/PGE2/EP2-4 pathway with widely used nonsteroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs synergized with ICB in mouse cancer models. We exploited a bilateral surgery model to distinguish responders from nonresponders shortly after treatment and identified acute IFNγ-driven transcriptional remodeling in responder mice, which was also associated with patient benefit to ICB. Monotherapy with COX2 inhibitors or EP2-4 PGE2 receptor antagonists rapidly induced this response program and, in combination with ICB, increased the intratumoral accumulation of effector T cells. Treatment of patient-derived tumor fragments from multiple cancer types revealed a similar shift in the tumor inflammatory environment to favor T-cell activation. Our findings establish the COX2/PGE2/EP2-4 axis as an independent immune checkpoint and a readily translatable strategy to rapidly switch the tumor inflammatory profile from cold to hot.

Significance:
Through performing in-depth profiling of mice and human tumors, this study identifies mechanisms by which anti-inflammatory drugs rapidly alter the tumor immune landscape to enhance tumor immunogenicity and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
See related commentary by Melero et al., p. 2372.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2355
Coronary Heart Disease Risk Associated with Primary Isolated Hypertriglyceridemia; a Population‐Based Study
Authors: Saadatagah Seyedmohammad , Pasha Ahmed K. , Alhalabi Lubna , Sandhyavenu Harigopal , Farwati Medhat , Smith Carin Y. , Wood‐Wentz Christina M. , Bailey Kent R. , Kullo Iftikhar J. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease but the association is often attributed to concomitant metabolic abnormalities. We investigated the epidemiology of primary isolated hypertriglyceridemia (PIH) and associated cardiovascular risk in a population‐based setting.

Methods and Results

We identified adults with at least one triglyceride level ≥500 mg/dL between 1998 and 2015 in Olmsted County, Minnesota. We also identified age‐ and sex‐matched controls with triglyceride levels <150 mg/dL. There were 3329 individuals with elevated triglyceride levels; after excluding those with concomitant hypercholesterolemia, a secondary cause of high triglycerides, age <18 years or an incomplete record, 517 patients (49.4±14.0 years, 72.0% men) had PIH (triglyceride 627.6±183.6 mg/dL). The age‐ and sex‐adjusted prevalence of PIH in adults was 0.80% (0.72–0.87); the diagnosis was recorded in 60%, 46% were on a lipid‐lowering medication for primary prevention and a triglyceride level <150 mg/dL was achieved in 24.1%. The association of PIH with coronary heart disease was attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.06‐2.20;
P
= 0.022). There was no statistically significant association between PIH and cerebrovascular disease (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.65‐1.73,
P
= 0.813), peripheral artery disease (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.43‐3.75;
P
= 0.668), or the composite end point of all 3 (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.92‐1.80;
P
=0.148) in adjusted models.

Conclusions
PIH was associated with incident coronary heart disease events (although there was attenuation after adjustment for conventional risk factors), supporting a causal role for triglycerides in coronary heart disease. The condition is relatively prevalent but awareness and control are low.
Environmental and Radar Characteristics of Gargantuan Hail-Producing Storms
Authors: Gutierrez Rachel E. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStorms that produce gargantuan hail (defined here as ≥ 6 inches or 15 cm in maximum dimension), although seemingly rare, can cause extensive damage to property and infrastructure, and cause injury or even death to humans and animals. Currently, we are limited in our ability to accurately predict gargantuan hail and detect gargantuan hail on radar. In this study, we analyze the environments and radar characteristics of gargantuan hail-producing storms to define the parameter space of environments in which gargantuan hail occurs, and compare environmental parameters and radar signatures in these storms to storms producing other sizes of hail. We find that traditionally used environmental parameters used for severe storms prediction, such as most unstable convective available potential energy (MUCAPE) and 0–6 km vertical wind shear, display considerable overlap between gargantuan hail-producing storm environments and those that produce smaller hail. There is a slight tendency for larger MUCAPE values for gargantuan hail cases, however. Additionally, gargantuan hail-producing storms seem to have larger low-level storm-relative winds and larger updraft widths than those storms producing smaller hail, implying updrafts less diluted by entrainment and perhaps maximizing the liquid water content available for hail growth. Moreover, radar reflectivity or products derived from it are not different from cases of smaller hail sizes. However, inferred mesocyclonic rotational velocities within the hail growth region of storms that produce gargantuan hail are significantly stronger than the rotational velocities found for smaller hail categories.
Preoperative Psychological Burdens in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Li Yufeng , Ran Guo , Chen Kaizheng , Shen Xia 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To assess preoperative psychological burden in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS). Methods: A total of 100 patients undergoing VS resection between September 2019 and June 2020 completed preoperative psychological screening. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied the day before surgery, and a score >14 was considered clinically important. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were used to identify risk factors associated with increased preoperative psychological stress. Results: Of the 100 patients who underwent VS resection, 44% were male, with a mean age of 45.9 years. Twenty-two (22%) had HADS scores >14. For the univariate analysis, risk factors associated with elevated psychological burden included time since diagnosis, number of symptoms, headache, vertigo, and nausea and/or vomiting. In the regression analysis, the number of symptoms and greater time from diagnosis to treatment correlated with higher preoperative psychological stress. Conclusion: Nearly 1 in 4 patients with VS experienced clinically significant emotional burden preoperatively. Number of symptoms and greater time from diagnosis to treatment contributed to this psychological burden.
Socioeconomic Influences on Short‐term Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Oral Cavity Cancer Undergoing Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Jaclyn , Fernando Shanik J. , Malenke Jordan A. , Totten Douglas J. , Kloosterman Nicole , Langerman Alexander , Kim Young J. , Mannion Kyle , Sinard Robert , Netterville James , Rohde Sarah L. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between median household income (MHI) and area deprivation index (ADI) on postoperative outcomes in oral cavity cancer.Study DesignRetrospective review (2000‐2019).SettingSingle‐institution tertiary medical center.MethodsMHI and ADI were matched from home zip codes. Main postoperative outcomes of interest were length of tracheostomy use, length of hospital stay, return to oral intake, discharge disposition, and 60‐day readmissions. Linear and logistic regression controlled for age, sex, race, body mass index, tobacco and alcohol use history, primary tumor location, disease staging at presentation, and length of surgery. A secondary outcome was clinical disease staging (I‐IV) at time of presentation.ResultsThe cohort (N = 681) was 91.3% White and 38.0% female, and 51.7% presented with stage IV disease. The median age at the time of surgery was 62 years (interquartile range [IQR], 53‐71). The median MHI was $47,659 (IQR, $39,324‐$58,917), and the median ADI was 67 (IQR, 48‐79). ADI and MHI were independently associated with time to return of oral intake (β = 0.130, P =. 022; β = −0.092, P =. 045, respectively). Neither was associated with length of tracheostomy, hospital stay, discharge disposition, or readmissions. MHI quartiles were associated with a lower risk of presenting with more advanced disease (Q3 vs Q1: adjusted odds ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.32‐0.97]).ConclusionMHI is associated with oral cavity cancer staging at the time of presentation. MHI and ADI are independently associated with postoperative return to oral intake following intraoral tumor resection and free flap reconstruction.
Tumor‐Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients With Advanced Laryngeal Cancer Undergoing Bioselection
Authors: Heft Neal Molly E. , Smith Joshua D. , Birkeland Andrew C. , Haring Catherine T. , Chinn Steven B. , Shuman Andrew G. , Casper Keith A. , Malloy Kelly M. , Stucken Chaz L. , Mclean Scott A. , Rosko Andrew J. , Mierzwa Michelle L. , Shah Jennifer , Schonewolf Caitlin , Swiecicki Paul L. , Worden Francis P. , Wolf Gregory T. , Bradford Carol R. , Prince Mark E.P. , Brenner J. Chad , Spector Matthew E. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveBioselection to assess tumor response after induction chemotherapy has been introduced as an alternative treatment strategy to total laryngectomy for patients with advanced larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have proven to serve as prognostic biomarkers in head and neck cancer but have not been evaluated as a way to select patients for treatment paradigms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of pretreatment TILs in patients with advanced LSCC undergoing the bioselection paradigm.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary care hospital.MethodsPatients with advanced LSCC treated with bioselection and available tissue were included (N = 76). Patients were stratified into CD8‐low and CD8‐high cohorts by using the median TIL count. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis and multivariate cox regression were performed with SPSS version 26 (IBM).ResultsAfter controlling for tobacco use, tumor site, and stage, a high CD8 TIL count was an independent predictor of improved 5‐year disease‐specific survival (hazard ratio, 0.17 [95% CI, 0.03‐0.84]; P =. 03). CD8 TIL counts did not predict response to induction chemotherapy; however, subgroup analysis of patients treated with chemoradiation therapy revealed that CD8 TIL count was significantly associated with degree of response (P =. 012).ConclusionThese findings support prior data published by our group showing that TILs are predictive of disease‐specific survival in patients with head and neck cancer. CD8 TIL counts were significantly associated with degree of clinical response after induction chemotherapy. These results suggest that pretreatment assessment of tumor‐infiltrating CD8 cells could be useful in selecting patients.