bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of Overt Attention Allocation During Time Estimation: an Eye Movement Study
Authors: Ogden Ruth S. , Turner Frederieke , Pawling Ralph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cognitive models of time perception propose that perceived duration is influenced by how quickly attention is orientated to the to-be-timed event and how consistently attention is sustained on the to-be-timed event throughout its presentation. Insufficient attention to time is therefore associated with shorter more variable representations of duration. However, these models do not specify whether covert or overt attentional systems are primarily responsible for paying attention during timing. The current study sought to establish the role of overt attention allocation during timing by examining the relationship between eye movements and perceived duration. Participants completed a modified spatial cueing task in which they estimated the duration of short (1400 ms) and long (2100 ms) validly and invalidly cued targets. Time to first fixation and dwell time were recorded throughout. The results showed no significant relationship between overt sustained attention and mean duration estimates. Reductions in overt sustained attention were however associated with increases in estimate variability for the long target duration. Overt attention orientation latency was predictive of the difference in the perceived duration of validly and invalidly cued short targets but not long ones. The results suggest that overt attention allocation may have limited impact on perceived duration.
Inhabiting the Space Between Search and Research
Authors: Hassouna Silvia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article explores the connections between personal and research journeys as a central aspect of positionality and reflexivity. It develops in conversation with ethnographies produced by feminist, diasporic and ‘halfie’ researchers. Based on fieldwork extracts from my doctoral research with Palestinian museums in the West Bank, I discuss the possibility of using our vulnerabilities to displace discourses that portray research participants as ‘those in need’. I use the concept of bahth, in Arabic ‘to search, to seek, to pursue’, as a means to connect personal and research journeys. Building on Naeem Inayatullah’s notion of the insecure self, I suggest that inhabiting the research/search boundary requires stressing one’s lacks and vulnerabilities. This is not a call on reflexivity for its own sake but a means to unsettle assigned roles with research participants, even if only in provisional and contextual ways.
Convective and Turbulent Motions in Nonprecipitating Cu. Part II: LES Simulated Cloud Represented by a Starting Plume
Authors: Pinsky Mark , Eytan Eshkol , Koren Ilan , Khain Alexander 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe dynamic structure of a small trade wind cumulus (Cu) is analyzed using a novel approach. Cu developing in a shear-free environment is simulated by 10-m-resolution LES model with spectral bin microphysics. The aim is to clarify the dynamical nature of cloud updraft zone (CUZ) including entrainment and mixing in growing Cu. The validity of concept stating that a cloud at developing state can be represented by a parcel or a jet is tested. To investigate dynamical entrainment in CUZ performed by motions with scales larger than the turbulence scales, the modeled fields of air velocity were filtered by wavelet filter that separated convective motions from turbulent ones. Two types of objects in developing cloud were investigated: small volume ascending at maximal velocity (point parcel) and CUZ. It was found that the point parcel representing the upper part of cloud core is adiabatic. The motion of the air in this parcel ascending from cloud base determines cloud-top height. The top-hat (i.e., averaged) values of updraft velocity and adiabatic fraction in CUZ are substantially lower than those in the point parcel. Evaluation of the terms in the dynamical equation typically used in 1D cloud parcel models show that this equation can be applied for calculation of vertical velocities at the developing stage of small Cu, at least up to the heights of the inversion layer. Dynamically, the CUZ of developing cloud resembles the starting plume with the tail of nonstationary jet. Both the top-hat vertical velocity and buoyancy acceleration linearly increase with the height, at least up to the inversion layer. An important finding is that lateral entrainment of convective (nonturbulent) nature has a little effect on the top-hat CUZ velocity and cannot explain the vertical changes of conservative variablesqtandθl. In contrast, entrained air lifting inside CUZ substantially decreases top-hat liquid water content and its adiabatic fraction. Possible reasons of these effects are discussed.Significance Statement(i) The study improves the understanding of the effects of lateral entrainment and mixing. (ii) The study shows the dominating role of the convective-scale motions in cloud microphysics and dynamics. (iii) The comparison of results of 10-m-resolution large-eddy simulations with a simple cloud model allows evaluating validity of current schemes of convective parameterization.
Global Distribution and Interannual Variation in the Winter Halocline
Authors: Ueno Hiromichi , Oda Masato , Yasui Katsura , Dobashi Ryo , Mitsudera Humio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The distribution and interannual variation in the winter halocline in the upper layers of the World Ocean were investigated via analyses of hydrographic data from the World Ocean Database 2013 using a simple definition of the halocline. A halocline was generally observed in the tropics, equatorward portions of subtropical regions, subarctic North Pacific, and Southern Ocean. A strong halocline tended to occur in areas where the sea surface salinity (SSS) was low. The interannual variation in halocline strength was correlated with variation in SSS. The correlation coefficients were usually negative: the halocline was strong when the SSS was low. However, in the Gulf of Alaska in the northeastern North Pacific, the correlation coefficient was positive. There, halocline strength was influenced by interannual variation in Ekman pumping.
‘Healthy Children, Healthy Planet’: A pilot school-based educational intervention
Authors: Costarelli Vassiliki , Michou Maria , Svoronou Eleni , Koutava Nancy , Symvoulidou Marina , Anastasiou Katia , Abeliotis Konstadinos 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Healthy and sustainable eating should be encouraged in children. This study aimed to create, apply and evaluate the effectiveness of a specially designed, school-based educational programme to promote healthy and sustainable eating in children. Design: Pilot, school-based educational intervention, aimed at promoting health and sustainable eating patterns in children. Setting: Four schools (two primary schools and two kindergartens) in Attica, Greece. Method: The 3-month, pilot intervention consisted of a teacher training session, an educational package (11 teaching sessions, 1 session/per week), 3 separate parents and teachers’ educational sessions, and 2 teacher feedback meetings. In total, 290 children (intervention group n = 230, control group n = 60) aged 5–11 years old from four schools in Attica, Greece, participated in the study. Parents completed a specially designed questionnaire before and after the intervention, assessing children’s anthropometric characteristics, children’s adherence to a Mediterranean Diet (MD) and physical activity levels, together with usual eating and food waste behaviours in the household. Results: Children’s adherence to a MD was not significantly affected by the educational intervention. However, there was a significant increase in children’s fruit consumption, with 48% of the children eating at least two portions of fruit per day after the intervention. With respect to the food sustainability behaviours of the household, the intervention group threw away less food and, in particular, fewer fresh fruit and less bread, following the intervention. Conclusion: There is evidence that the educational programme can positively affect certain healthy eating behaviours in participating children.
Characteristics and effectiveness of physical activity, nutrition and/or sleep interventions to improve the mental well-being of teachers: A scoping review
Authors: Corbett Lucy , Bauman Adrian , Peralta Louisa R , Okely Anthony D , Phongsavan Philayrath 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Teachers face high levels of occupational stress, which can influence their mental well-being and contribute to teacher burnout. Healthy levels of exercise, a good diet and adequate sleep can reduce stress and improve mental well-being outcomes. This study explores the characteristics and effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on teachers’ mental well-being, including burnout; discusses directions for future programmes; and aims to identify the nature of evidence and gaps in the research field. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in May 2020 via ERIC, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Education Source, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Scopus databases. The search included relevant peer-reviewed articles on physical activity, nutrition and sleep interventions reporting teachers’ mental well-being outcomes. A quality assessment tool was used to appraise the quality and risk of bias of the included studies. Results: Sixteen intervention studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies incorporated physical activity into the intervention; however, only four included aspects of nutrition or sleep. No studies reported only nutrition or sleep interventions alone. The heterogeneity of interventions and their reported outcomes makes comparisons difficult. In general, the quality of the included studies was low due to small sample sizes, poor study design and incomplete reporting of information. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence suggests lifestyle interventions can improve mental well-being outcomes for teachers; however good-quality research is needed to improve the evidence base. Future interventions should have stronger research designs and larger sample sizes and use established measurements for assessing outcomes.
Impact performances and failure modes of glass fiber reinforced polymers in different curvatures and stacking sequences
Authors: Kaboglu Cihan , Eken Taha Y , Yurekturk Yakup 
Published: December 2021

Recently, glass fiber reinforced polymer composites have been increasingly used in applications which are exposed to impact loads due to their high strength, low weight, and corrosion resistance properties. Therefore, the effect of curvature of composite laminate on their impact resistance is important. In this study, the mechanical properties of three curvature diameters and two stacking sequences, which have not been compared before, were examined and compared. The diameter of curved composites is 760 mm, 380 mm, and 304 mm and flat designated as A, B, C, and D, respectively. The fiber stacking orders are [0/0/-45/+45/90/90]S and [90/90/-45/+45/0/0]S designated as Type 1 and Type 2, respectively. The drop-weight impact tests were performed and failure modes of composites were examined. It was observed that the impact resistance decreases with the increase of curvature, where 760 mm diameter and Type 2 composites had the highest strength in all of the composites. In addition, delamination, fiber breakage, and matrix cracking failure modes were observed in the composites after impact. The reason why the strength decreases as the curvature of the composite increases is that the curved areas create an effect that increases the external force applied. The reason why Type 2 stacking order is more durable than Type 1 stacking order is that the 90° fiber direction in the bottom layer has a damping effect on the applied force. According to the results of this study, composite materials with larger diameter and stacking order starting with 0° provides more mechanical strength. [Formula: see text]
Network Exploration of Interdistrict School Choice Over Time in a Mandatory Open Enrollment State
Authors: Garcia Matt 
Published: December 2021

Background: Early studies of district-level outcomes of interdistrict school choice policies found changes in how districts interact with one another and changes in districts’ per-pupil expenditures. More recent studies suggest that wider social and political consequences may result from interdistrict choice policies. Purpose: In Colorado, interdistrict school choice participation increased from 4.64% participation in the 2003–2004 fiscal year to almost 10% participation in the 2016–2017 fiscal year, shifting more than $7.79 billion in per-pupil revenue in the process. This suggests a corresponding shift in the social organization of schooling under Colorado’s statewide interdistrict school choice policy. Research Design: Quantitative studies on school choice policies typically examine the factors leading to individual choices when choosing schools or the individual outcomes of those choices. This study takes a different approach to quantitative analysis of school choice by employing separable temporal exponential random graph modeling (STERGM), a network analysis method, to examine patterns of student-enrollment ties that are created between school districts when students enroll outside their district of residence. Conclusions/Recommendations: School district leaders and policy makers should be cognizant of changes to the organization of education and the fiscal impact of those changes—especially given that findings from this study suggest that these changes may be out of their hands. Findings may have indirect impacts on matters such as mill levy and bond evaluations by way of total program formula calculations and may suggest a hidden destabilization of democratic processes, such as losing the interest of voters who send their students to a school in another district.
Finite Mixture Modeling for Program Evaluation: Resampling and Pre-processing Approaches
Authors: Collier Zachary K. , Zhang Haobai , Johnson Bridgette 
Published: December 2021

Background Finite mixture models cluster individuals into latent subgroups based on observed traits. However, inaccurate enumeration of clusters can have lasting implications on policy decisions and allocations of resources. Applied and methodological researchers accept no obvious best model fit statistic, and different measures could suggest different numbers of latent clusters. Objectives The purpose of this article is to evaluate and compare different cluster enumeration techniques. Research Design Study I demonstrates how recently proposed resampling methods result in no precise number of clusters on which all fit statistics agree. We recommend the pre-processing method in Study II as an alternative. Both studies used nationally representative data on working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. Conclusions The data plus priors method shows promise to address inconsistencies among fit measures and help applied researchers using finite mixture models in the future.
Implant restoration of hypodontia resulting from ectodermal dysplasia: a case report
Authors: Zhu Qintian , Jiang Yixuan , Yu Jilan , Wang Renfei 
Published: December 2021

Background Ectodermal dysplasia is a congenital genetic disorder with a prevalence of 1:10,000 to 1:100,000. The clinical features of ectodermal dysplasia include sparse hair, missing teeth, and abnormal development of the skin, sweat glands, and other tissues and organs. Since 1985, dentists have used implants to correct tooth defects in patients with ectodermal dysplasia with reasonable success rates. However, there is still no widely accepted treatment for the oral defects caused by this disease. Case summary: This report describes a 19-year-old female patient with congenital ectodermal dysplasia, congenital absence of most of her teeth, and mandibular and maxillary dysplasia. The patient and her family were concerned about the patient’s growth and development, so she came to our hospital to restore her missing teeth. During several months of treatment, the patient underwent bone augmentation surgery for the maxilla and mandible, implant placement, a root repositioning flap, and free gingival grafting, which was completed in five stages. The patient completed the permanent implant restoration, and the desired results were achieved. Conclusion The patient’s mouth was restored through the use of bone augmentation and soft tissue grafting techniques, enabling appropriate function and appearance.
Effect of spanwise groove on the dynamic stall characteristics of an airfoil
Authors: Yadav Rajesh , Bodavula Aslesha 
Published: December 2021

Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of triangular groove on the dynamic stall characteristics of a NACA 0012 airfoil at a Reynolds number of 135,000. The right-angled triangular grooves are placed at either 10%, 25%, or 50% chord locations on the suction and have depths of 0.025c and 0.05c, measured normal to the surface of the airfoil. The solutions that are second order accurate in time and space are obtained using pressure-based finite volume solver and the 4-equation transition SST turbulence model viz. γ- Re θt is used to predict transition and viscous stresses accurately. The airfoil is in harmonic pitch motion about its quarter-chord with a maximum circular frequency of 18.67 rad/s. The results suggest that the presence of a groove, except for the deeper grove at 0.5c, quickens the dynamic stall, but with smaller rise in C l,max and a less severe fall in lift at the stall. The mean C l value during the downstroke is improved by up to 8% for the deeper groove at 0.25c, reducing the hysteresis in lift significantly. The grooves at 0.1c, 0.25c, and 0.5c also reduce the drag by 4%, 7%, and 9% during a complete cycle, with subsequent improvements of 54%, 69%, and 63% in the l/d ratio. The current finding can be thus used to enhance the performance of flapping wing MAVs, helicopter rotors, and wind turbine blades as these applications encounter the dynamic stall phenomena frequently.
A Secondary Analysis of the Intensity of Hospice Visits Among Medicare Decedents in the Last Seven Days of Life by Place of Residence
Authors: Karikari-Martin Pauline , Zhao Lirong , Miescier Lynn 
Published: December 2021

Background In 2016, Medicare finalized the Service Intensity Add-on (SIA) payment policy to increase the intensity of hospice registered nurse (RN) or social worker (SW) visits in the last 7 days of life. The research objective was to compare the intensity of hospice RN or SW visits in the last 7 days of life among older decedents who received a hospice visit, while residing in a traditional home, an assisted living facility, or long-term nursing home. Methods A retrospective analysis using 2016-2018 Medicare data of decedents 65 years or older (n= 2 067 863) related to the Medicare SIA payment policy. Intensity was defined as the number and duration of hospice RN or SW visits in the last 7 days of life using Medicare claims code G0299 and G0155. Results Regression results suggest that decedents who received a SIA related visit while residing in an assisted living facility, had on average a slightly longer duration of hospice RN visits in the last 7 days of life, compared to decedents residing in a traditional home, after controlling for demographics and other factors (P<.0001). The duration of hospice RN visits remained unchanged among decedents who received a SIA visit in 2017 or 2018, when compared to 2016 (P <.0001). Overall the average number of hospice SW visits did not differ by place of residence among decedents who received a SIA visit. Conclusions Among decedents who received a SIA related visit, the duration of hospice RN visits were slightly different by place of residence.
Pneumonitis associated with Trastuzumab emtansine in a patient with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Uğraklı Muzaffer , Araz Murat , Demirkıran Aykut , Çelik Ahmet Faruk , Karakurt Eryılmaz Melek , Karaağaç Mustafa , Artaç Mehmet 
Published: December 2021

Introduction Trastuzumab emtansine (TDM-1) is an antibody–drug conjugate effective in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 - expressing advanced breast cancer. Pulmonary complications of TDM-1 are rarely reported. TDM-1-associated interstitial lung disease is referred to as pneumonitis. Case report A 47-year-old female patient who underwent modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection operations due to a palpable mass in the right breast and axillary region. The patient who had received multiple chemotherapy was last receiving TDM-1 treatment. Fatigue, dyspnea, and tachypnea were detected for the first time on 20 days after the 6th treatment. Menagement and outcome In our case, we first considered metastasis, pneumonia and fungal infection based on radiological findings, but the lack of response to the treatments and the results of the investigations suggested drug-induced pneumonia and steroid treatment was started. Our case had a complete radiological recovery and complete response to sterod therapy. In such cases, it is important to first exclude infections and metastasis. In cases of drug-induced pneumonia, the first treatment option is systemic corticosteroids and generally responded well. Discussion Unlike other cases of interstitial pneumonia, lung imaging of our case was resembling a metastasis, pneumonia and fungal infection. With increasing use of TDM-1, we will have more experience in both efficacy and complications of TDM-1. Although TDM-1 is a well-tolerated drug, clinicians should be aware of rare pulmonary complications and prepared to respond appropriately.
An Unusual Cause of Biliary Tract Obstruction: Lemmel Syndrome
Authors: Aourarh Benayad , Tamzaourte Mouna , Benhamdane Ahlame , Berrag Sanaa , Adioui Tarik , Aourarh Aziz , Belkouchi Lina , Outznit Mustapha , Saouab Rachida 
Published: December 2021

Background: Lemmel syndrome is a rare and misdiagnosed etiology of obstructive jaundice due to a periampullary duodenal diverticulum causing a mechanical obstruction of the common bile duct. It represents an obstructive jaundice with the absence of choledocholithiasis or pancreaticobiliary tumors. It is an underreported entity due to the absence of specific pathognomonic signs. Case presentation: A 77-year-old-woman admitted for sepsis, due to an ascending cholangitis, underwent a MRCP and a gastroduodenoscopy revealing Lemmel’s syndrome. Due to failure of ERCP, the patient underwent surgical derivation. Conclusion: Lemmel syndrome represents an uncommon diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, that shouldn’t be neglected if no other organic cause is detected. It is usually asymptomatic, however some patients can develop symptoms and complications such as cholangitis, as is the case of our patient. Imaging allows diagnosis, with MRCP as the modality of choice to confirm diagnosis. Endoscopy is the first line treatment.
Fretting study of an impregnated graphite bearing/nitrided stainless steel in a dry contact submitted to severe thermal-vibratory loading
Authors: Zaidi H , Amirat M , Beloufa A 
Published: December 2021

Some industrial applications require the use of self-lubricating materials when fluid lubrication cannot be used. Carbon-based materials and in particular graphites are usually a used solution. However, the application of these materials is limited at high temperature; these materials are exposed to significant degradation and to high friction due to their high sensitivity to the air humidity and to the desorption phenomenon. This study determines the influence of a specific metallic impregnation on the graphite bearing, which is submitted to a severe thermo-vibratory loading by fretting against a stainless steel surface. The stainless steel surface has undergone a nitriding treatment by plasma. During the fretting contact, a strong transfer of the impregnant takes place from the impregnated graphite bearing to the steel conterface by adhesion; this deposit film allows a significant improvement in the tribological properties of the contact surfaces at high temperature.