bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory outcomes in the first 10 years of life in children with gastroschisis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Asemota Osamuyi , Derraugh Gabrielle , Levesque Matthew , Iqbal Shaikh , Balshaw Robert , Lum Min Suyin A. , Keijzer Richard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle attention has been given to the long‐term respiratory outcomes of children with gastroschisis. The purpose of this study was to determine if gastroschisis survivors have more respiratory illnesses in their first 10 years of life compared with age‐matched controls.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of all gastroschisis children born in Manitoba between 1991 and 2017. Gastroschisis cases were identified from a clinical database, and a date of birth‐matched control cohort was constructed from a population‐based data repository. International Classification of Disease codes were used to compare the risk and frequency of respiratory diagnoses for children with gastroschisis to date of birth‐matched controls from 0–5 years of age and 5–10 years of age.ResultsThe 0–5 years of age analysis included 117 gastroschisis cases and 1205 date of birth‐matched controls; children with gastroschisis had a higher risk of asthma (relative risk [RR] = 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 2.55; p = .029), acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis (RR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.03; p < .001), pneumonia (RR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.72; p < .001), viral pneumonia (RR = 5.15; 95% CI: 1.79, 14.81; p = .007), and pneumonia due to unspecified organism (RR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.92; p < .001). Gastroschisis children 0–5 years of age were also diagnosed more frequently with bronchitis/bronchiolitis (RR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.79, 2.57; p < .001) and viral pneumonia (RR = 8.10; 95% CI: 3.79, 17.31; p < .001). The 5–10 years of age analysis included 73 cases and 738 controls; no difference in the risk of respiratory illness was found for gastroschisis cases and controls in this age group. However, gastroschisis cases were more frequently diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia (RR = 3.03; 95% CI: 1.67, 5.51; p < .001) and influenza (RR = 3.03; 95% CI: 1.67, 5.51; p < .001).ConclusionOur study shows that children with gastroschisis have an increased risk of asthma and respiratory infections compared with children without gastroschisis, most noticeably in the first 5 years of life.
Tumor growth inhibition modeling of individual lesion dynamics and interorgan variability in HER2‐negative breast cancer patients treated with docetaxel
Authors: Krishnan Sreenath M. , Laarif Sofiene S. , Bender Brendan C. , Quartino Angelica L. , Friberg Lena E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInformation on individual lesion dynamics and organ location are often ignored in pharmacometric modeling analyses of tumor response. Typically, the sum of their longest diameters is utilized. Herein, a tumor growth inhibition model was developed for describing the individual lesion time‐course data from 183 patients with metastatic HER2‐negative breast cancer receiving docetaxel. The interindividual variability (IIV), interlesion variability (ILV), and interorgan variability of parameters describing the lesion time‐courses were evaluated. Additionally, a model describing the probability of new lesion appearance and a time‐to‐event model for overall survival (OS), were developed. Before treatment initiation, the lesions were largest in the soft tissues and smallest in the lungs, and associated with a significant IIV and ILV. The tumor growth rate was 2.6 times higher in the breasts and liver, compared with other metastatic sites. The docetaxel drug effect in the liver, breasts, and soft tissues was greater than or equal to 1.2 times higher compared with other organs. The time‐course of the largest lesion, the presence of at least 3 liver lesions, and the time since study enrollment, increased the probability of new lesion appearance. New lesion appearance, along with the time to growth and time‐course of the largest lesion at baseline, were identified as the best predictors of OS. This tumor modeling approach, incorporating individual lesion dynamics, provided a more complete understanding of heterogeneity in tumor growth and drug effect in different organs. Thus, there may be potential to tailor treatments based on lesion location, lesion size, and early lesion response to provide better clinical outcomes.
A large‐deviations principle for all the cluster sizes of a sparse Erdős–Rényi graph
Authors: Andreis Luisa , König Wolfgang , Patterson Robert I. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLet be the Erdős–Rényi graph with connection probability as N → ∞ for a fixed t ∈ (0, ∞). We derive a large‐deviations principle for the empirical measure of the sizes of all the connected components of , registered according to microscopic sizes (i.e., of finite order), macroscopic ones (i.e., of order N), and mesoscopic ones (everything in between). The rate function explicitly describes the microscopic and macroscopic components and the fraction of vertices in components of mesoscopic sizes. Moreover, it clearly captures the well known phase transition at t = 1 as part of a comprehensive picture. The proofs rely on elementary combinatorics and on known estimates and asymptotics for the probability that subgraphs are connected. We also draw conclusions for the strongly related model of the multiplicative coalescent, the Marcus–Lushnikov coagulation model with monodisperse initial condition, and its gelation phase transition.
A Transparent Nanopatterned Chemiresistor: Visible‐Light Plasmonic Sensor for Trace‐Level NO2 Detection at Room Temperature
Authors: Lim Kyeorei , Jo Young‐Moo , Yoon Ji‐Wook , Kim Jun‐Sik , Lee Dong‐Jae , Moon Young Kook , Yoon Ji Won , Kim Jae‐Hyeok , Choi Hun Ji , Lee Jong‐Heun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe highly selective detection of trace gases using transparent sensors at room temperature remains challenging. Herein, transparent nanopatterned chemiresistors composed of aligned 1D Au–SnO2 nanofibers, which can detect toxic NO2 gas at room temperature under visible light illumination is reported. Ten straight Au–SnO2 nanofibers are patterned on a glass substrate with transparent electrodes assisted by direct‐write, near‐field electrospinning, whose extremely low coverage of sensing materials (≈0.3%) lead to the high transparency (≈93%) of the sensor. The sensor exhibits a highly selective, sensitive, and reproducible response to sub‐ppm levels of NO2, and its detection limit is as low as 6 ppb. The unique room‐temperature NO2 sensing under visible light emanates from the localized surface plasmonic resonance effect of Au nanoparticles, thereby enabling the design of new transparent oxide‐based gas sensors without external heaters or light sources. The patterning of nanofibers with extremely low coverage provides a general strategy to design diverse compositions of gas sensors, which can facilitate the development of a wide range of new applications in transparent electronics and smart windows wirelessly connected to the Internet of Things.
The μTOSCA toolchain: Mining, analyzing, and refactoring microservice‐based architectures
Authors: Soldani Jacopo , Muntoni Giuseppe , Neri Davide , Brogi Antonio 
Published: April 2021

SummaryExploiting microservices to architect enterprise applications is becoming commonplace. This makes it crucial to provide some support for designing and analyzing microservice‐based applications, for example, for understanding whether a microservice‐based application adheres to the main design principles of microservices and for choosing how to refactor it when this is not the case. To provide such support, in this article we present the TOSCA toolchain. More precisely, we first introduce the TOSCA model to represent the architecture of microservice‐based applications with the OASIS standard TOSCA. We then describe a technique to automatically mine the architecture of a microservice‐based application and represent it with TOSCA, given the Kubernetes deployment of the application. We also present a methodology to analyze the TOSCA representation of a microservice‐based architecture to systematically identify the architectural smells potentially affecting the corresponding application and to resolve them. Finally, we present two prototype tools, Miner and Freshener, implementing our mining solution and the support for identifying and resolving architectural smells in microservice‐based applications, respectively. We then assess —by discussing some case studies— how effectively Miner, Freshener, and the TOSCA toolchain can support researchers and practitioners working with microservices.
Mechanisms underlying protective effects of vitamin E against mycotoxin deoxynivalenol‐induced oxidative stress and its related cytotoxicity in primary human brain endothelial cells
Authors: Shieh Pochuen , Hsu Shu‐Shong , Liang Wei‐Zhe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFusarium mycotoxins are one of the largest families of mycotoxins. Among these mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol is the most widespread pollutant of grains. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of deoxynivalenol on cytotoxicity in human brain endothelial cells was still unclear. This study examined whether deoxynivalenol induced oxidative stress‐associated cytotoxicity in primary human brain endothelial cells (HBEC‐5i), and explored whether Vitamin E (VE), a selective antioxidant, had protective effects on deoxynivalenol‐treated cells. Deoxynivalenol (10‐50 μM) concentration‐dependently induced cytotoxicity in HBEC‐5i cells. Deoxynivalenol (IC50 = 20 μM) activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by modulating antioxidant protein expressions (Nrf2, HO‐1 and NQO1). More significantly, pre‐treatment with VE (20 μM) attenuated the deoxynivalenol‐induced cytotoxicity in this cell model. Together, VE significantly alleviated the apoptotic effects of deoxynivalenol in HBEC‐5i cells suggesting that it protected the cells against deoxynivalenol‐induced oxidative damage. Our findings provided new insight that VE had the potential to ameliorate neurotoxicity of deoxynivalenol.
Transgressive resistance to Heterodera glycines in chromosome segment substitution lines derived from susceptible soybean parents
Authors: Huang Minghui , Qin Ruifeng , Li Chunjie , Liu Chunyan , Jiang Ye , Yu Jinyao , Chang Doudou , Roberts Philip A. , Chen Qingshan , Wang Congli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are valuable genetic resources for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of complex agronomic traits especially suitable for minor effect QTL. Here, 162 BC3F7–BC7F3 CSSLs derived from crossing two susceptible parent lines, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] ‘Suinong14’ (recurrent parent) × wild soybean (G. soja Siebold & Zucc.) ZYD00006, were used for QTL mapping of soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycine Ichinohe) resistance based on female index (FI) and cysts per gram root (CGR) through phenotypic screening and whole‐genome resequencing of CSSLs. Phenotypic results displayed a wide range of distribution and transgressive lines in both HG Type 2.5.7 FI and CGR and demonstrated a higher correlation between CGR and root weight (R2 = .5424) compared with than between FI and CGR (R2 = .0018). Using the single‐marker analysis nonparametric mapping test, 33 significant QTL were detected on 18 chromosomes contributing resistance to FI and CGR. Fourteen QTL contributing 5.6–15.5% phenotypic variance (PVE) to FI were revealed on 11 chromosomes, and 16 QTL accounting for 6.1–36.2% PVE in CGR were detected on 14 chromosomes with strong additive effect by multiple‐QTL model (MQM) mapping. Twenty‐five and 13 out of all 38 QTL identified for FI and CGR on 20 chromosomes were from ZYD00006 and Suinong14, respectively. The CSSLs with the combination of positive alleles for FI, CGR, and root weight exhibited low nematode reproduction. For the first time, QTL associated with CGR have been detected, and both FI and CGR should be considered for breeding purposes in the absence of strong resistance genes such as rhg1 and Rhg4.
A 5‐year retrospective study of canine and feline patients referred to an isolation unit for infectious diseases
Authors: Paulo Catarina , Machado Inês , Carvalho Helena , Gomes Joana , Deodato Mota Ana , Tavares Luís , Almeida Virgílio , Gil Solange 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundReferral of cases is becoming more and more frequent in companion animal practice. The Infectious Diseases Isolation Unit (IDIU) admits first opinion, second opinion and referred patients with a confirmed infectious disease (ID) or a clinically suspected ID that is awaiting laboratory diagnosis. The primary aims of this study were to describe the annual number and characteristics of patients referred to the IDIU and identify the most frequent IDs in referred dogs and cats. A secondary aim was to investigate possible differences in the length of the hospitalisation and the clinical outcome among referred cases and those admitted to the IDIU after first and second opinion appointments.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out on patients hospitalised at the unit over 5 years from 9th October 2013 to 31st December 2018.ResultsThe study population consisted of 365 dogs and 515 cats to give a total of 880 patients hospitalised at the IDIU from October 2013 to December 2018. Among the 96 referred dogs, parvovirosis (37.7%) and leptospirosis (31.1%) were the most frequent IDs. Feline upper respiratory tract infection (38.2%) and feline leukaemia virus infections (36.4%) were the main causes in the 80 referred cats. Worrying noncompliance rates of dog (51.0%) and cat (52.5%) vaccination schedules were identified. The analysis of the length of hospitalisation in the three groups of patients was not statistically different. In both animal species there were statistically significant higher clinical discharge rates on the first opinion patients’ group in comparison to referred patients and the second opinion group.ConclusionsParvovirosis and leptospirosis in dogs and upper respiratory disease and feline leukaemia virus infection in cats were the most common diagnoses for patients admitted to the IDIU, reinforcing the need for accurate vaccination. Discharge rates results pinpoint the need for timely accurate reference.
Holographic duality for Ising CFT with boundary
Authors: Karch Andreas , Luo Zhu-Xi , Sun Hao-Yu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe extend the holographic duality between 3d pure gravity and 2d Ising CFT proposed in ref. [1] to CFTs with boundaries. Besides the usual asymptotic boundary, the dual bulk spacetime now has a real cutoff, on which live branes with finite tension, giving Neumann boundary condition on the metric tensor. The strongly coupled bulk theory requires that we dress the well-known semiclassical AdS/BCFT answer with boundary gravitons, turning the partition function into the form of Virasoro characters. Using this duality, we relate the brane tensions to the modularS-matrix elements of the dual BCFT and derive the transformation between gravitational solutions with different brane tensions under modularSaction.
F-theory with worldvolume sectioning
Authors: Linch William D. , Siegel Warren 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We describe the worldvolume for the bosonic sector of the lower-dimensional F-theory that embeds 5D, N=1 M-theory and the 4D type II superstring. This theory is a complexification of the fundamental 5-brane theory that embeds the 4D, N=1 M-theory of the 3D type II string in a sense that we make explicit at the level of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations. We find three types of section condition: in spacetime, on the worldvolume, and one tying them together. The 5-brane theory is recovered from the new theory by a double dimensional reduction.
The upper bound of the second Higgs boson mass in minimal gauge mediation with the gravitino warm dark matter
Authors: Choi Gong jun , Yanagida Tsutomu T. , Yokozaki Norimi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A keV-scale gravitino arising from a minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) Standard Model (MSSM) is an interesting possibility since the small scale problems that the ΛCDM model encounters in the modern cosmology could be alleviated with the keV-scale gravitino serving as the warm dark matter (WDM). Such a light gravitino asks for a low scale supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking for which the gauge mediation (GM) is required as a consistent SUSY-breaking mediation mechanism. In this paper, we show upper bounds of the masses of the second CP-even Higgs boson H and the CP-odd Higgs boson A, assuming the keV-scale gravitino to be responsible for the current DM relic abundance: the upper bound on the mass of H/A is found to be ∼ 4 TeV for the gravitino mass of $$ \mathcal{O}\left(10-100\right) $$
O

10
−
100

keV. Interestingly, the mass of H/A can be as small as 2–3 TeV and the predicted tan β is as large as 55–60 for the gravitino mass of $$ \mathcal{O}(10) $$
O

10

keV. This will be tested in the near future Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments.
Stringy tachyonic instabilities of non-supersymmetric Ricci flat backgrounds
Authors: Acharya Bobby Samir , Aldazabal Gerardo , Andrés Eduardo , Font Anamaría , Narain Kumar , Zadeh Ida G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Superstring/M-theory compactified on compact Ricci flat manifolds have recently been conjectured to exhibit instabilities whenever the metrics do not have special holonomy. We use worldsheet conformal field theory to investigate instabilities of Type II superstring theories on compact, Ricci flat, spin 3-manifolds including a worldsheet description of their spin structures. The instabilities are signalled by the appearance of stringy tachyons at small radius and a negative (1-loop) vacuum energy density at large radius. We briefly discuss the extension to higher dimensions.
Curvature squared action in four dimensional N = 2 supergravity using the dilaton Weyl multiplet
Authors: Mishra Madhu , Sahoo Bindusar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper we derive the most general curvature squared action coupled to an arbitrary number of vector multiplets in four dimensional N = 2 supergravity using the dilaton Weyl multiplet. The action that we derive is encoded in a single holomorphic prepotential.
Homoclinics for singular strong force Lagrangian systems in $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$
Authors: Izydorek Marek , Janczewska Joanna , Waterstraat Nils 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe will be concerned with the existence of homoclinics for Lagrangian systems in $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$

R

N

($$N\ge 3 $$

N
≥
3

) of the form $$\frac{d}{dt}\left( \nabla \Phi (\dot{u}(t))\right) +\nabla _{u}V(t,u(t))=0$$

d

dt

∇
Φ
(

u
˙

(
t
)

)

+

∇
u

V

(
t
,
u

(
t
)

)

=
0

, where $$t\in {\mathbb {R}}$$

t
∈
R

, $$\Phi {:}\,{\mathbb {R}}^N\rightarrow [0,\infty )$$

Φ
:

R

N

→

[
0
,
∞
)

is a G-function in the sense of Trudinger, $$V{:}\,{\mathbb {R}}\times \left( {\mathbb {R}}^N{\setminus }\{\xi \} \right) \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

V
:

R
×

R

N

\

{
ξ
}

→
R

is a $$C^2$$

C
2

-smooth potential with a single well of infinite depth at a point $$\xi \in {\mathbb {R}}^N{\setminus }\{0\}$$

ξ
∈

R

N

\

{
0
}

and a unique strict global maximum 0 at the origin. Under a strong force type condition around the singular point $$\xi $$
ξ
, we prove the existence of a homoclinic solution $$u{:}\,{\mathbb {R}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^N{\setminus }\{\xi \}$$

u
:

R
→

R

N

\

{
ξ
}

via minimization of an action integral.
High-resolution ultrasound changes of the vagus nerve in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD): a possible additional index of disease
Authors: Sartucci F. , Bocci T. , Santin M. , Bongioanni P. , Orlandi G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and rationale
Histopathological studies revealed degeneration of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (VN) early in the course of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD). Degeneration of VN axons should be detectable by high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) as a thinning of the nerve trunk. In order to establish if the VN exhibits sonographic signs of atrophy in IPD, we examined patients with IPD compared with age-matched controls.

Material and methods
We measured the caliber (cross-sectional area, CSA) and perimeter of the VN in 20 outpatients with IPD (8 females and 12 males; mean age 73.0 + 8.6 years) and in age-matched controls using HRUS. Evaluation was performed by blinded raters using an Esaote MyLab Gamma device in conventional B-Mode with an 8–19 MHz probe.

Results
In both sides, the VN CSA was significantly smaller in IPD outpatients than in controls (right 2.37 + 0.91, left 1.87 + 1.35 mm2 versus 6.0 + 1.33, 5.6 + 1.26 mm2; p <0.001), as well as the perimeter (right 5.06 + 0.85, left 4.78 + 1.74 mm versus 8.87 + 0.86, 8.58 + 0.97 mm; p <0.001). There were no significant correlations between VN CSA and age, the Hoehn and Yahr scale, L-dopa therapy, and disease duration.

Conclusion
Our findings provide evidence of atrophy of the VNs in IPD patients by HRUS. Moreover, HRUS of the VN represent a non-invasive easy imaging modality of screening in IPD patients independent of disease stage and duration and an interesting possible additional index of disease.
Optical clock technologies for global navigation satellite systems
Authors: Schuldt Thilo , Gohlke Martin , Oswald Markus , Wüst Jan , Blomberg Tim , Döringshoff Klaus , Bawamia Ahmad , Wicht Andreas , Lezius Matthias , Voss Kai , Krutzik Markus , Herrmann Sven , Kovalchuk Evgeny , Peters Achim , Braxmaier Claus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFuture generations of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) can benefit from optical technologies. Especially optical clocks could back-up or replace the currently used microwave clocks, having the potential to improve GNSS position determination enabled by their lower frequency instabilities. Furthermore, optical clock technologies—in combination with optical inter-satellite links—enable new GNSS architectures, e.g., by synchronization of distant optical frequency references within the constellation using time and frequency transfer techniques. Optical frequency references based on Doppler-free spectroscopy of molecular iodine are seen as a promising candidate for a future GNSS optical clock. Compact and ruggedized setups have been developed, showing frequency instabilities at the 10–15 level for averaging times between 1 s and 10,000 s. We introduce optical clock technologies for applications in future GNSS and present the current status of our developments of iodine-based optical frequency references.
First-person dimensions of mental agency in visual counting of moving objects
Authors: Wagemann Johannes , Raggatz Jonas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCounting objects, especially moving ones, is an important capacity that has been intensively explored in experimental psychology and related disciplines. The common approach is to trace the three counting principles (estimating, subitizing, serial counting) back to functional constructs like the Approximate Number System and the Object Tracking System. While usually attempts are made to explain these competing models by computational processes at the neural level, their first-person dimensions have been hardly investigated so far. However, explanatory gaps in both psychological and philosophical terms may suggest a methodologically complementary approach that systematically incorporates introspective data. For example, the mental-action debate raises the question of whether mental activity plays only a marginal role in otherwise automatic cognitive processes or if it can be developed in such a way that it can count as genuine mental action. To address this question not only theoretically, we conducted an exploratory study with a moving-dots task and analyze the self-report data qualitatively and quantitatively on different levels. Building on this, a multi-layered, consciousness-immanent model of counting is presented, which integrates the various counting principles and concretizes mental agency as developing from pre-reflective to increasingly conscious mental activity.