bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osmotic stress represses root growth by modulating the transcriptional regulation of PIN‐FORMED3
Authors: Yuan Ting‐Ting , Xiang Zhi‐Xin , Li Wen , Gao Xiang , Lu Ying‐Tang 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Osmotic stress influences root system architecture, and polar auxin transport (PAT) is well established to regulate root growth and development. However, how PAT responds to osmotic stress at the molecular level remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored whether and how the auxin efflux carrier PIN‐FORMED3 (PIN3) participates in osmotic stress‐induced root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

We observed that osmotic stress induces a HD‐ZIP II transcription factor‐encoding gene HOMEODOMAIN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA2 (HAT2) expression in roots. The hat2 loss‐of‐function mutant is less sensitive to osmotic stress in terms of root meristem growth. Consistent with this phenotype, whereas the auxin response is downregulated in wild‐type roots under osmotic stress, the inhibition of auxin response by osmotic stress was alleviated in hat2 roots. Conversely, transgenic lines overexpressing HAT2 (Pro35S::HAT2) had shorter roots and reduced auxin accumulation compared with wild‐type plants.

PIN3 expression was significantly reduced in the Pro35S::HAT2 lines. We determined that osmotic stress‐mediated repression of PIN3 was alleviated in the hat2 mutant because HAT2 normally binds to the promoter of PIN3 and inhibits its expression.

Taken together, our data revealed that osmotic stress inhibits root growth via HAT2, which regulates auxin activity by directly repressing PIN3 transcription.
The experiences and needs of frail older people receiving home health care: A qualitative study
Authors: Dostálová Vladimíra , Bártová Alžběta , Bláhová Hana , Holmerová Iva 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to the rapid ageing of the population, there is increasing demand for long‐term care in the people's home environment. Such care aims to allow the people to stay at home and avoid hospitalisation or other institutional care. In home health care, care must be provided at the highest possible quality, with the focus on the people's needs and experiences.ObjectivesThis study explores the experiences and needs of frail older people receiving home health care.Design and methodsAn exploratory descriptive qualitative approach was chosen. Audio‐taped semi‐structured interviews were conducted with fifteen older people receiving home health care. A content analysis was used to analyse the data collected.ResultsThe content analysis identified one main theme, three categories and seven subcategories related to frail older people's needs and experiences of home health care. The main theme was quality of care. The first category, Safe and Secure Care, consisted of three subcategories: Education and Experience of Nurses, Information, and Continuity of Care in terms of personnel continuity and regular care. The second category, Autonomy, contained two subcategories: Decision‐making and Self‐sufficiency. The last category, Relationship with Professionals, consisted of two subcategories: Personality of Nurse and Partnerships.ConclusionOlder people are able to express their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with home health care. The results of this study revealed that the quality of care is crucial for frail older people.Implication for practiceThe provision of home health care is inherently highly specific; home care nurses should work to provide the highest possible quality of care. In particular, nurses should focus on ensuring that the care they provide is safe, effective, timely, efficient and person‐centred.
Comparing the CamBlobs2 contrast sensitivity test to the near Pelli‐Robson contrast sensitivity test in normally‐sighted young adults
Authors: Rijal Sujata , Cheng Han , Marsack Jason D 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeContrast sensitivity (CS) has been proposed as a potential method for patients to assess their vision at home. The CamBlobs2 contrast sensitivity test is meant to be performed easily in the clinic or at home. The purpose of this study was to determine the intra‐visit coefficient of repeatability of the CamBlobs2 compared with the near Pelli‐Robson test, and the limits of agreement between these two tests on normally‐sighted subjects.MethodsTwenty‐two normally‐sighted subjects (mean age 28 ± 4 years) completed two trials of the near Pelli‐Robson and CamBlobs2 contrast sensitivity tests within a single visit. Tests were performed monocularly on each eye in random order. Pelli‐Robson tests were scored as 0.05 logCS for each letter read correctly after deducting the first triplet. CamBlob2 tests were scored as the highest line where two or fewer blobs were marked correctly. The coefficient of repeatability was determined as 1.96 times the standard deviation of the difference between the two measurements using the same type of chart on the same eye. The limits of agreement between the two tests were evaluated using Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsThe mean difference between intra‐visit measurements for both the near Pelli‐Robson and CamBlobs2 was less than 0.05 logCS and the coefficient of repeatability was within ±0.20 log CS for both left and right eyes. The mean ± standard deviation differences between near Pelli‐Robson and CamBlobs2 scores was −0.08 ± 0.08 (limits of agreement: −0.24 to 0.09) for right eyes and −0.05 ± 0.10 (limits of agreement: −0.23 to 0.14) logCS for left eyes based on average measurements.ConclusionsThe intra‐visit repeatability of CamBlobs2 was consistent with the near Pelli‐Robson contrast sensitivity test (±0.20 logCS). With a 0.05 correction, the CamBlobs2 scores showed excellent agreement with the near Pelli‐Robson contrast sensitivity test.
The effect of canopy architecture on the patterning of “windflecks” within a wheat canopy
Authors: Burgess Alexandra J. , Durand Maxime , Gibbs Jonathon A. , Retkute Renata , Robson T. Matthew , Murchie Erik H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnder field conditions, plants are subject to wind‐induced movement which creates fluctuations of light intensity and spectral quality reaching the leaves, defined here as windflecks. Within this study, irradiance within two contrasting wheat (Triticum aestivum) canopies during full sun conditions was measured using a spectroradiometer to determine the frequency, duration and magnitude of low‐ to high‐light events plus the spectral composition during wind‐induced movement. Similarly, a static canopy was modelled using three‐dimensional reconstruction and ray tracing to determine fleck characteristics without the presence of wind. Corresponding architectural traits were measured manually and in silico including plant height, leaf area and angle plus biomechanical properties. Light intensity can differ up to 40% during a windfleck, with changes occurring on a sub‐second scale compared to ~5 min in canopies not subject to wind. Features such as a shorter height, more erect leaf stature and having an open structure led to an increased frequency and reduced time interval of light flecks in the CMH79A canopy compared to Paragon. This finding illustrates the potential for architectural traits to be selected to improve the canopy light environment and provides the foundation to further explore the links between plant form and function in crop canopies.
Dermatologic conditions in Down syndrome
Authors: Ryan Chenin , Vellody Kishore , Belazarian Leah , Rork Jillian F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal condition and affects many organs including the skin. Dermatologists are an integral part of the DS care team. This is a review of both common and rare dermatologic conditions in DS. We provide practical strategies for a successful dermatology interview and examination. We explore the downstream effects of trisomy of chromosome 21, in particular on the immune system, and how these insights may enhance our pathophysiologic understanding of their cutaneous conditions.
Photographic representation of skin tones in three dermatology journals
Authors: Hereford Brittainy , Kim Yesul , Zaenglein Andrea L. , Hollins Lauren Claire 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough ethnic diversity is rising in the United States, educational resources continue to lag behind, as evidenced by prior studies highlighting limited skin of color representation in dermatology resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the representation of skin tones in three dermatology journals commonly used in resident education and journal clubs. Overall, 5.6% (Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology), 4.1% (JAMA Dermatology), and 8.3% (Pediatric Dermatology) of images in the journals were depicted on “Dark” skin (Fitzpatrick V‐VI). Disparities in skin of color representation exist in three dermatology journals used in medical education in the United States.
Severe allergic contact dermatitis to two different continuous glucose monitoring devices in a patient with glycogen storage disease type 9b
Authors: Teufel‐Schäfer Ulrike , Huhn Christian , Müller Sabine , Müller Christoph , Grünert Sarah Catharina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are of great value for patients with disorders of impaired glucose homeostasis, including glycogen storage diseases. We report on an 8‐year‐old girl with glycogen storage disease type 9b who developed severe allergic contact dermatitis to two different continuous glucose monitoring systems, FreeStyle® Libre and Dexcom® G6. Our case highlights the impact of sensitization for pediatric patients, the urgent need for open labeling of components by pharmaceutical and device manufacturers, and the need for avoidance of skin sensitizers in medical devices.
Localized eruptive porokeratosis in pediatric patients following treatment of acute leukemia
Authors: Kang Bianca Y. , Jacobsen Jeffrey , Price Harper N. , Andrews Israel D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPorokeratosis is a rare diagnosis in the pediatric population, and eruptive disease has been documented prior in patients with history of stem cell transplantation. Comparing various porokeratosis eruptions between patients can be difficult due to limitations in current classification and nomenclature. Here, we discuss a single‐institution case series of three children who developed porokeratosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia, and we propose that this presentation be termed localized eruptive porokeratosis (LEP). We present the distinguishing features of this variant by discussing the shortcomings in current nomenclature and also examine the association between porokeratosis and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the pediatric population.
Use of Rituximab for persistent EBV DNAemia, and Its effect on donor‐specific antibody development in pediatric renal transplant recipients: A case series
Authors: Puliyanda Dechu P , Jordan Stanley C , Kim Irene K. , Patel Mitasha , Murthy Anand , Huang Edmund , Zhang Xiaohai , Reinsmoen Nancy , Kamil Elaine S , Toyoda Mieko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionPersistent EBV DNAemia (PEBV) is associated with late‐onset PTLD. The efficacy of rituximab in PEBV is not conclusive. We monitored PEBV and DSA in pediatric kidney transplant patients with or without rituximab.Methods13 PEBV patients received standard treatment with immunosuppression reduction and valganciclovir, with or without IVIG; 5/13 were further treated with rituximab.ResultsAll Rituximab‐treated and 6/7 No‐Rituximab patients were EBV seronegative at transplant and seroconverted post‐transplant. Peak EBV PCR levels were lower in No‐Rituximab than Rituximab patients and all No‐Rituximab patients cleared PEBV after standard treatment. Additional 1‐2 doses of rituximab reduced EBV PCR levels in all 5 Rituximab patients, 3 cleared PEBV. One No‐Rituximab patient developed localized PLTD. None of Rituximab patients developed de novo DSA, while 4/8 No‐Rituximab patients did: 2/4 had ABMR. 1/5 Rituximab and 5/8 No‐Rituximab patients had acute rejection. There was no change in eGFR between pre‐EBV DNAemia and follow‐up in Rituximab patients, while reduction in No‐Rituximab patients was found. There was no difference in graft and patient survival.ConclusionsWhile early intervention with rituximab in pediatric patients with PEBV may reduce viral load and PTLD, we observed a slower development of de novo DSA, and rejection and maintenance of eGFR.
PbWRKY75 promotes anthocyanin synthesis by activating PbDFR, PbUFGT, and PbMYB10b in pear
Authors: Cong Liu , Qu Yingying , Sha Guangya , Zhang Shichao , Ma Youfu , Chen Min , Zhai Rui , Yang Chengquan , Xu Lingfei , Wang Zhigang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnthocyanins are common secondary metabolites in plants that impart red coloration to fruits and flowers. The important WRKY transcription factor family plays multifaceted roles in plant growth and development. In this study, we found a WRKY family gene, Pyrus bretschneideri WRKY75, that may be involved in anthocyanin synthesis in pear. Unlike Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY75, PbWRKY75 may be a positive regulator of anthocyanin synthesis. A transient expression assay indicated that PbWRKY75 promoted pear anthocyanin synthesis. The structural genes (PbANS, PbDFR, and PbUFGT) and positive regulators (PbMYB10 and PbMYB10b) of anthocyanin synthesis were significantly upregulated in the fruitlet skins of PbWRKY75‐overexpressing “Zaosu” pears. Subsequently, yeast one‐hybrid and dual‐luciferase assays indicated that PbWRKY75 promoted PbDFR, PbUFGT, and PbMYB10b expression by activating their promoters. These results revealed that PbWRKY75 may promote the expression of both PbMYB10b and anthocyanin late biosynthetic genes (PbDFR and PbUFGT) by activating their promoters, thereby inducing anthocyanin synthesis in pear. This study enhanced our understanding of the mechanism of pear anthocyanin synthesis, which will be beneficial in the improvement of pear peel color.
Recent advances in donkey sperm vitrification
Authors: Hidalgo Manuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArtificial insemination (AI) with cryopreserved semen is an important tool to preserve endangered species, including European donkey breeds. Sperm vitrification is an alternative method to conventional freezing using high cooling rates and non‐permeable cryoprotectant agents (CPAs). In donkeys, sperm vitrification was firstly developed in spheres by directly dropping the sperm (30 µl) into the liquid nitrogen. The vitrification media contained a combination of sucrose and bovine serum albumin as non‐permeable CPAs and resulted in better sperm parameters after warming than extenders containing glycerol. Thereafter, sperm vitrification was optimized using an aseptic protocol, which consists of volumes up to 160 µl vitrified at 300 million sperm/ml using 0.25‐ml straws with outer covers, obtaining similar sperm parameters as conventional freezing for total motility (52.7 ± 15.6% versus. 58.2 ± 16.1%), progressive motility (44.3 ± 15.0% versus. 44.7 ± 18.2%) and plasma membrane integrity (49.2 ± 11.2% versus. 55.4 ± 9.0%), respectively. In order to vitrify larger volumes of sperm, a procedure using 0.5‐ml straws was evaluated; however, this methodology failed when compared to conventional freezing or other vitrification protocols, obtaining poor sperm quality after warming. Recently, a new methodology was developed for warming 0.25‐ml straws in a water bath and after AI using the vitrified sperm, the uterine inflammatory response solved faster, and pregnancy rates were greater (22%) than frozen semen (10%) but not statistically different. In conclusion, all these findings confirm that sperm vitrification can be performed in donkeys as an alternative to conventional freezing for AI in jennies.
Student Debt and Geographic Disadvantage: Disparities by Rural, Suburban, and Urban Background*
Authors: Rhodes Alec P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmerican youth from rural backgrounds have made great strides to overcome challenges in college enrollment and completion since the 2000s. Yet little is known about how rural youth are financing these attainment increases—a pressing question in light of high college costs, rising student debt, and spatial inequality in the resources that students have to pay for college. This paper examines disparities in young adults' student debt by geographic background using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort. Regression analyses reveal that college‐goers from rural backgrounds accumulate more debt than those from suburban and urban backgrounds, adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics. Rural college‐goers' higher debt can be partially attributed to differences in socioeconomic backgrounds and rates of inter‐county migration during college, and there is evidence that the additive influences of geographic background and gender contribute to particularly high debt among rural women. The findings suggest that longstanding spatial inequalities contribute to disparities in student debt and raise questions about the experiences of rural youth and communities in a debt‐based society.
Unravelling the grief of involuntary pregnancy loss: A meta‐ethnography of midwives’ and nurses’ emotional experiences
Authors: Fernández‐Basanta Sara , Coronado Carmen , Bondas Terese , Llorente‐García Haizea , Movilla‐Fernández María‐Jesús 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundParents who experience involuntary pregnancy loss encounter nurses and midwives when requiring care. But the environment in which this attention is provided turns it into a stressful and challenging event that favours the concealment of emotions. Literature supports the development of compassion in nurses and midwives who tend to parents who experience pregnancy losses.AimTo synthesise the emotional experiences of midwives and nurses when caring for parents who have suffered an involuntary pregnancy loss.MethodThis is a synthesis of qualitative studies following Noblit and Hare's interpretive meta‐ethnography. Eleven studies met the research objective and inclusion criteria.ResultsAn overarching metaphor, ‘Unravelling the grief of loss’, accompanied by four major themes provided interpretive explanations to the experiences of midwives and nurses in caring for involuntary pregnancy losses: ‘Pulling the thread’ – looking for the meaning of loss; ‘Yarn entanglement degree’ – determinants for grief expression; ‘Detangling tools’ – focusing on the loss; and ‘Fraying the thread’ – moving away from the loss.DiscussionThe provision of whole care to these parents requires midwifery and nursing training and continued education. Furthermore, the organisational culture should prioritise the health and well‐being of midwives and nurses.ConclusionMidwives and nurses encounter the parents’ loss in care and personally in various ways and give meaning to the loss conditioned by personal and professional determinants. They unravel the grief of loss by looking for the meaning, expressing their grief, focusing and moving away from the loss.
How do thrombolites form? Multiphase construction of lacustrine microbialites, Purbeck Limestone Group, (Jurassic), Dorset, UK
Authors: Bosence Dan , Gallois Arnaud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how non‐marine thrombolites are formed through a complex, multiphase process of microbial framework construction, erosion, cementation, recrystallization and episodes of internal sedimentation. Recognition of such phases of thrombolite construction provides a framework for the interpretation of the fluctuating environmental conditions leading to their formation. Microbialite frameworks are examined in detail from the Purbeck Limestone Group and their affinities and palaeo‐environmental significance assessed. Three types of thrombolite, one stromatolite and a leolite are described and interpreted. The thrombolite frameworks include: a peloidal mesoclotted type, a thrombolite constructed by the filamentous alga Cladophorites and a type with concentrically laminated micritic mesoclots. Physical and chemical erosion led to extensive early cavity formation within the frameworks. Early calcite rim cements with associated spherulites then developed over the microbial frameworks and these were reworked into cavities. Frameworks were also replaced by chalcedonic quartz and calcite spherulites. Internal sediments comprise peloids, intraclasts and brackish‐water molluscs and ostracods, together with their debris. The thrombolites grew in moderate‐energy to high‐energy shallow, lacustrine, microbial mounds whereas stromatolites occurred in deeper‐water settings. A brackish‐water, lacustrine setting is indicated by the preserved macro‐biota, microbes, absence of charophytes and syndepositional evaporites, and negative stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios. Strontium isotopes suggest that the carbonate‐rich waters were fed from erosion of Mid–Lower Jurassic limestones on the western basin margin with possible mixing with waters from nearby uplifted Upper Jurassic limestones and with Late Jurassic seawater. The research indicates that non‐marine thrombolites have a complex, multiphase origin resulting in a diverse succession of textures and structures relating to microbially induced and influenced construction, dissolution, cementation, recrystallization and mineral replacement which have not been previously recorded and indicate the major differences between marine and non‐marine thrombolites.
Cotton versus medical face mask influence on skin characteristics during COVID‐19 pandemic: A short‐term study
Authors: Tasic‐Kostov Marija , Martinović Milica , Ilic Dusan , Cvetkovic Maja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the still ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, one of the main prevention strategy remain to be the use of protective face masks. Changes in skin characteristics and dermatological problems related to wearing different types of masks have been observed. The aim of this study was to compare the short‐term effects of cotton versus medical masks on skin biophysical parameters in general population.Materials and methodsTwenty‐eight human volunteers were enrolled and divided in cotton mask and medical mask wearing groups. We measured four skin biophysical parameters: trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), skin pH, and erythema index (EI) before and 3 h after wearing masks on both uncovered and mask‐wearing face area.ResultsTEWL increased after 3 h on exposed skin in cotton mask group and slightly decreased in medical mask group There was an increase in SCH after 3 h of wearing protective face masks in both groups. pH of the covered skin slightly decreased while EI increased after 3 h in both groups; changes were not statistically significant. Parameters did not change significantly on uncovered skin.ConclusionThere were no differences between the influence of cotton versus medical protective masks on the skin of healthy volunteers in our study. Both types of masks could be recommended for short‐time protection in individuals with healthy skin during COVID‐19 pandemic.