bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The status of soil erosion in the Upper Blue Nile Basin: Identification of hot spot Areas and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in the Toba Watershed
Authors: Dibaba Wakjira Takala , Ebsa Dessalegn Geleta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Land degradation caused by soil erosion has become the most serious problem in the Ethiopian highlands. Quantifying the spatial variations of soil loss with a strong evidence helps to prioritize the watersheds for the implementation of different management practices. The study was carried out in the Toba Watershed of the Upper Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia. Its objective was to evaluate the rate of soil erosion and identify the hotspots with high risk of soil erosion for watershed management planning. Then, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of best management practices (BMP) in reducing soil loss. The performance of SWAT in simulating streamflow and sediment yield was evaluated through sensitivity analysis, uncertainty, calibration and validation process. Statistically, the calibrated and validated sediment yields (SY) against the observed sediment data were reasonably accurate (R2 = 0.67, 0.65, NSE = 0.66, 0.64, PBIAS=-8.4%, 9.8% respectively). The annual SY in Toba watershed varies from 0.09 t ha− 1 yr− 1 to 44.8 t ha− 1 yr− 1 with an average SY of 22.7 t ha− 1 yr− 1. To prioritize the SY of the watershed, the annual severity of SY was divided into six classes: very low, low, moderate, high, very high and severe. The study also showed that SY in most watersheds (about 53.8%) were higher than the average. Cultivation on steep slopes leads to the highest SY, while forested areas have lower SY contribution. five management scenarios were evaluated using the Calibrated model. Seventeen sub-basins with SY exceeding the tolerable erosion of Ethiopia (t ha− 1 yr− 1) were considered for the analysis of the BMP scenario. The results show that reforestation combined with vegetative strips was the most effective for soil erosion control (87.8% reduction) followed by the combination of soil/stone bund and vegetative strips (83.7% reduction). Overall, the results of this study provided important data for watershed management and are very useful to ensure the sustainable management of land and natural resources at watershed level.
Biofertilizer: Azolla pinnata in-combination with Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Rice
Authors: Khair Mohamad Izdzuan bin Mohamad , Azman Elisa Azura , Ismail Roslan , Rani Muhammad Naim Fadzli Abdul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A study was conducted at MARDI Seberang Perai, Penang. This study aims to examine Azolla pinnata on the growth and performance of the MR 297 variety. The experiment consisted of five treatments; PK + Azolla (T1); NP + Azolla (T2); NK + Azolla (T3); NPK-Control (T4), and Azolla only (T5). Each treatment has four replications. The experimental design used was a complete randomized block design (RCBD), and all data collected were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a statistically significant 0.05% test. For the average soil analysis between the beginning and end, all soil analyses showed decreased soil properties except Total N (%) and organic carbon (%). Treatment has a significant influence on the tiller number, the number of panicles, and the yield per pot. There is a significant influence on treatment on plant height and SPAD value in crop growth performance. There was no significant effect on N and P in plant nutrients. In contrast, there was a significant treatment effect on K. This study showed that Azolla could be used as an alternative fertilizer on rice fields because the soil treated with NK + Azolla shows a comparable result with soil treated with inorganic fertilizer without Azolla on the total yield.
Asymptomatic malaria remains high among seasonal migrant workers depart to home from malarious areas and may cause a resurgence of malaria transmission at high lands of northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tilaye Tesfaye , Tessema Belay , Alemu Kassahun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: In Ethiopia, thousands of seasonal migrant workers used to travel from non-malaria or mild malaria transmission areas to malaria-endemic areas for seasonal farm activities. Most of these migrants are staying in the farm areas for land preparation, plowing, planting, weeding, and harvesting for a specific period and back to their living areas. However, there is limited evidence of how the seasonal migrant workers contribute to the transmission of malaria to new or less malaria transmission areas.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the departure phase of seasonal migrant workers in the Metema district from September 2018 to October 2019. A total of 1208 seasonal migrant workers were interviewed during their departure from farm sites to their homes. Interviewed face to face interview was done using a pretested structured questionnaire. Moreover, blood samples were collected from each study participant for microscopic malaria parasite examination. The data were fitted with the logistic regression model to estimate the predictors’ of malaria transmissions. Results: At the departure to home, the prevalence of malaria among seasonal migrant workers was 17.5% (15.6-19.45%). About 71.80 % (177/212) of the cases were Plasmodium falciparum, and 28.20% (35/212) Plasmodium vivax. The majority of seasonal migrant workers (77.4%) were from rural residences and highlanders (55%). Most (55.4%) of the migrants have visited two and more farm sites during their stay at development corridors for harvesting activities. About 116 (54.7%) asymptomatic malaria cases were returning to Dembiya(21.7%), Chilaga(19.8%) and Metema(13.2%) districts. Conclusion: This study focuses on the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among seasonal migrant workers during the departure phase to home. The role of seasonal migrant workers in carrying and spreading malaria parasites, as well as challenging the country's malaria prevention and elimination efforts, could be enormous. Age, occupation, origin, the number of farm sites visited, and the frequency with which LLINs were used were all associated with an increased asymptomatic malaria prevalence in the study area. Tailored interventions for seasonal migrant workers could be in place by programmers, partners, and implementers to enhance malaria control and elimination.
Evaluation of low-dose aspirin use among COVID-19 critically ill patients: A Multicenter Propensity Score Matched Study
Authors: Harthi Abdullah Al , Sulaiman Khalid Al , Aljuhani Ohoud , Korayem Ghazwa B. , Altebainawi Ali F. , Alenezi Raghdah S. , Harbi Shmeylan Al , Gramish Jawaher , Kensara Raed , Hafidh Awattif , Enazi Huda Al , Alawad Ahad , Alotaibi Rand , Alshehri Abdulaziz , Alhuthaili Omar , Vishwakarma Ramesh , Saleh Khalid bin , Alsulaiman Thamer , Alqahtani Rahaf Ali , Almazrou Saja , Hussain Sajid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMultiple medications with anti-inflammatory effects have been used to manage the hyper-inflammatory response associated with COVID-19. Aspirin is used widely as a cardioprotective agent due to its antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory properties. Its role in hospitalized COVID-19 patients has been assessed and evaluated in the literature. However, no data regards its role in COVID-19 critically ill patients. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the use of low-dose aspirin (81-100 mg) and its impact on outcomes in COVID-19 critically ill patients. MethodThis is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study for all adult critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) between March 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021. Eligible patients were classified into two groups based on aspirin use during ICU stay.The primary outcome is the in-hospital mortality; other outcomes were considered secondary. Propensity score-matched used based on patient’s age, SOFA score, MV status within 24 hours of ICU admission, prone position status, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke as co-existing illness. We considered a P value of < 0.05 statistically significant.ResultsA total of 1033 patients were eligible; 352 patients were included after propensity score matching (1:1 ratio). The in-hospital mortality (HR (95%CI): 0.73 (0.56, 0.97), p-value=0.03) were lower in patients who received aspirin during hospital stay. On the other hand, patients who received aspirin have a higher risk of major bleeding compared to the control group (OR (95%CI): 2.92 (0.91, 9.36), p-value=0.07); but was not statistically significant.ConclusionAspirin use in COVID-19 critically ill patients may have a mortality benefit; nevertheless, it may be linked with an increased risk of significant bleeding. The benefit-risk evaluation for aspirin usage during an ICU stay should be tailored to each patient.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF CERVICAL VERTEBRAL MATURATION (CVM) STAGE AND ANTEROPOSTERIOR FACIAL DIMENSIONS IN INDONESIAN POPULATION
Authors: ROMDLON MAHINDRA AWWALUDIN , Logamarta Setiadi W , Anggraeni Yulia 
Published: September 2021

Background: Growth and development are two different but interrelated and difficult to separate factors. The growth spurt in boys is different from girls. Facial growth is closely related to overall body growth, one of which is the growth of the cervical vertebrae.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the anteroposterior dimensions of the face based on the maturation levels of cervical vertebrae in 12-14 years old children.
Method: Quantitative research using an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 21 boys and 21 girls. Measurement of anteroposterior facial length (S-A' and PTM-A) and assessment of cervical vertebral bone maturation level using the Hassel and Farman method.
Results: Independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference (p
RELIABILITY, VALIDITY AND CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ADOLESCENTS
Authors: AYGUN POLAT Elif , ATALAY GÜZEL Nevin , KAFA Nihan 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The small number of Turkish versions of questionnaires assess the level of physical activity of adolescents creates a need for a valid, reliable, inexpensive and practical questionnaire for large-scale studies. This study aimed to investigate the validity, reliability, and cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A).
Methods: The 150 adolescent students between the ages of 14 and 18 years (age=15.67±0.83 years) were included in the study. Test-retest and internal consistency analyses were performed to evaluate reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) method. Total step counts were recorded for one week using an electronic pedometer to assess the questionnaire's convergent validity. The relationship between total score obtained from PAQ-A and total step counts recorded by the pedometer
Results: Cronbach's alpha value was found to be 0.86 for the entire questionnaire, indicating a questionnaire's high internal consistency. The ICC values for test-retest reliability were found to be within the range of 0.71 to 0.99, indicating that test-retest results were highly correlated. There was a moderate, positive and statistically significant (r=0.527, p
Assessment of Combination Approaches of Phytoconstituents with Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sartaj Ali , Baboota Sanjula , Ali Javed 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
Available conventional therapies are commonly used for the treatment of breast cancer,
such as surgical procedures, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. These therapies can be
either given alone or in combination with other therapies. Various side effects associated with chemotherapies,
including toxicity and multidrug resistance, have limited the use of chemotherapy, thus making it less effective
than the above mentioned therapies. This review focus has been summarised as the application of anticancer
with phytoconstituents that could be a promising and effective treatment strategy for breast cancer treatment.

Methods:
This review is designed on relevant literature that was screened on the basis of in-scope criteria in the
title, abstract, and keywords of the searched articles. The available literature was searched on PubMed,
ScienceDirect, MedlinePlus, and Google scholar up to May 2021. A total of 47 articles were selected out of 168
articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:
The major limitations accompanying available conventional treatment, mainly chemotherapy, include
low bioavailability at the specific site of tumor cells, the occurrence of multidrug resistance, and high doserelated
side effects. The phytoconstituents possessing anticancer properties and, when used in combination with
chemotherapeutic agents, impart promising and potential therapeutic value. Many in vitro and in vivo studies
showed that phytoconstituents could enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer treatment.

Conclusion:
The combination approaches of phytoconstituents with chemotherapeutic drugs provide less
toxicity to normal cells, reduce side effects, and overcome multidrug resistance, thus making the combination
approaches an effective strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
A Review: Discovering 1,3,4-oxadiazole and Chalcone Nucleus for Cytotoxicity
/ EGFR Inhibitory Anticancer Activity
Authors: Patil Shital , Bhandari Shashikant 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Cancer is reported to be one of the most life-threatening diseases. Major limitations
of currently used anticancer agents are drug resistance, very small therapeutic index, and severe,
multiple side effects.

Objective:
The current scenario necessitates developing new anticancer agents, acting on novel targets
for effectively controlling cancer. The epidermal growth factor receptor is one such target, which is
being explored for 1,3,4-oxadiazole and chalcone nuclei.

Method:
Findings of different researchers working on these scaffolds have been reviewed and analyzed,
and the outcomes were summarized. This review focuses on Structure-Activity Relationship
studies (SARs) and computational studies of various 1,3,4-oxadiazole and chalcone hybrids/
derivatives reported as cytotoxic/EGFR-TK inhibitory anticancer activity.

Result and Conclusion:
1,3,4-oxadiazole and chalcone hybrids/derivatives with varied substitutions
are found to be effective pharmacophores in obtaining potent anticancer activity. Having done a thorough
literature survey, we conclude that this review will surely provide firm and better insights to the
researchers to design and develop potent hybrids/derivatives that inhibit EGFR.
Pharmacological Actions and Underlying Mechanisms of Catechin: A Review
Authors: Baranwal Aadrika , Aggarwal Punita , Rai Amita , Kumar Nitesh 
Published: September 2021

Background:Catechin is a phytochemical and is a major component of our daily use beverages, which has shown great potential in improving general health and fighting against several medical conditions. Clinical studies have confirmed its effectiveness in conditions ranging from acute upper respiratory tract infection, neuroprotection, to cardio-protection effects. Though most studies relate their potential to anti-oxidative action and radical scavenging action, still the mechanism of action is not clearly understood.Objective:The present review article is focused on addressing various pharmacological actions and underlying mechanisms of catechin. Additionally, we will try to figure out the major adverse effect and success in trials with catechin and lead to a conclusion for its effectiveness.Methods:This review article is based on the recent/ most cited papers of PubMed and Scopus databases.Description:Catechin can regulate Nrf2 and NFkB pathways in ways that impact oxidative stress and inflammation by influencing gene expression. Other pathways like MAPKs and COMT and receptor tyrosine kinase are also affected by catechin and EGCG that alter their action and barge the cellular activity. This review article explored the structural aspect of catechin and its different isomers and analogs. It also evaluated its various therapeutic and pharmacological arrays.Conclusion:Catechin and its stereo-isomers have shown their effectiveness as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-neuroprotective, bactericidal, memory enhancer, anti-arthritis, and hepato-protective mainly through its activity to alter the pathway by NF-κB, Nrf-2, TLR4/NF-κB, COMT, and MAPKs.
Enhanced Mefenamic Acid Release from Poloxamer-Silicon Dioxide Gel
Filled in Hard Gelatin Capsules - An Application of Liquid Semisolid Matrix
Technology for Insoluble Drug
Authors: Sultana Misbah , Sultana Safia , Hussain Khalid , Saeed Tariq , Butt Mobashar Ahmad , Raza Syed Atif , Mahmood Rizwan , Hassan Saeed , Anwer Ubaid Ullah , Bukhari Nadeem Irfan 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Liquid Semisolid Matrix (LSSM) technology involves the filling of drugmixed
gel in hard gelatin capsules for different applications.

Methods:
In continuation of our previous work on LSSM technology, 10% (w/w) of practically insoluble
model drug, mefenamic acid was incorporated in gels of different poloxamers with 8%
(w/w) SiO2.

Results:
Gels exhibited plasticity or pseudoplasticity along thixotropy at 2 and 24 h enabling their
easy filling into hard gelatin capsules without content seepage. Mefenamic acid gels prepared with
L64 and L92 maintained their apparent viscosities for the study period of one month. Around
100% mefenamic acid was released within 90 min from L64- and in 150 min from L92-SiO2 gels,
both with first-order kinetics. In 12 month long-term stability studies, only mefenamic acid-L64-
SiO gel at 30°C/65% RH indicated dispersion stability with similar rheology and release pattern to
that at 2, 24 and 30 days. No chemical drug-polymer interactions were found in FTIR.

Conclusion:
The release of practically insoluble mefenamic acid could be enhanced from gel formulated
with L64 and SiO2.
Skin Involvement in Paediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Passanisi Stefano , Salzano Giuseppina , Lombardo Fortunato 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Skin involvement is an overlooked aspect in the management of paediatric patients with
type 1 diabetes. A comprehensive search of published literature using the PubMed database was
carried out using the following key terms: “children,” “pediatric/paediatric patients,” “skin,” “skin
disorders,” “type 1 diabetes.” Dermatological side effects are frequently observed among diabetic
children and adolescents. Insulin-induced lipodystrophies and allergic contact dermatitis caused by
insulin pumps or glycaemic sensors are the most common skin reactions in these patients. Furthermore,
several diabetes-associated skin diseases such as necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare,
vitiligo, and bullosis diabeticorum may already be present in paediatric patients. Paediatric diabetes
specialists should pay attention to their patients’ skin to recognize these disorders, identify the potential
causes, and choose the most suitable treatment. Finally, the evaluation of skin concentrations
of advanced glycation end-products using non-invasive diagnostic techniques may be used to
assess the risk of chronic complications of diabetes as early as adolescence.
Breaking the Silence of Tumor Response: Future Prospects of Targeted Radionuclide
Therapy
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Pareri Aanchal Udaynath , Koijam Arunkumar Singh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Therapy-induced tumor resistance has always been a paramount hurdle in the clinical triumph of cancer
therapy. Resistance acquired by tumor through interventions of chemotherapeutic drugs, ionizing radiation, and
immunotherapy in the patients is a severe drawback and major cause of recurrence of tumor and failure of therapeutic
responses. To counter acquired resistance in tumor cells, several strategies are practiced such as chemotherapy
regimens, immunotherapy and immunoconjugates, but the outcome is very disappointing for the patients as well as
clinicians.
Radionuclide therapy using alpha or beta-emitting radionuclide as payload becoming a popular practice for cancer
therapy. With the improvement in dosimetric studies, development of high-affinity target molecules and design of
several novel chelating agents which provide thermodynamically stable complexes in vivo, the scope of radionuclide
therapy has increased by leaps and bounds. Additionally, radionuclide therapy along with the combination of
chemotherapy is gaining importance in pre-clinics, which is quite encouraging. Thus, it opens an avenue for newer
cancer therapy modalities where chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy are unable to break the silence
of tumor response. This article describes, in brief, the causes of tumor resistance and discusses the potential of
radionuclide therapy to enhance tumor response.
Neuroprotective Role of the B Vitamins in the Modulation of the Central
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission
Authors: Huang Shu-Kuei , Lu Cheng-Wei , Lin Tzu-Yu , Wang Su-Jane 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Regulation of glutamate release is crucial for maintaining normal brain
function, but excess glutamate release is implicated in many neuropathological conditions. Therefore,
the minimum glutamate release from presynaptic nerve terminals is an important neuroprotective
mechanism.

Objective:
In this mini-review, we analyze the three B vitamins, namely vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin
B6 (pyridoxine), and vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), that affect the 4-aminopyridine (4-
AP)-evoked glutamate release from presynaptic nerve terminal in rat and discuss their neuroprotective
role.

Methods:
In this study, the measurements include glutamate release, DiSC3(5), and Fura-2.

Results:
The riboflavin, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin produced significant inhibitory effects on
4-aminopyridine-evoked glutamate release from rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes)
in a dose-dependent relationship. These presynaptic inhibitory actions of glutamate release are attributed
to inhibition of physiologic Ca2+-dependent vesicular exocytosis but not Ca2+-independent
nonvesicular release. These effects also did not affect membrane excitability, while diminished cytosolic
(Ca2+)c through a reduction of direct Ca2+ influx via Cav2.2 (N-type) and Cav2.1 (P/Q-type)
Ca2+ channels, rather than through indirect Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release from ryanodine-sensitive intracellular
stores. Furthermore, their effects were attenuated by GF109203X and Ro318220, two protein
kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, suggesting suppression of PKC activity. Taken together, these results
suggest that riboflavin, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin inhibit presynaptic vesicular glutamate
release from rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes, through the depression Ca2+ influx via voltage-
dependent Cav2.2 (N-type) and Cav2.1 (P/Q-type) Ca2+ channels, and PKC signaling cascade.

Conclusion:
Therefore, these B vitamins may reduce the strength of glutamatergic synaptic transmission
and is of considerable importance as potential targets for therapeutic agents in glutamate-
induced excitation-related diseases.