bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen supply capacity breathes new life into critical oxygen partial pressure (Pcrit)
Authors: Seibel Brad A. , Andres Alyssa , Birk Matthew A. , Burns Alexandra L. , Shaw C. Tracy , Timpe Alexander W. , Welsh Christina J. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The critical oxygen partial pressure (Pcrit), typically defined as the PO2 below which an animal's metabolic rate (MR) is unsustainable, is widely interpreted as a measure of hypoxia tolerance. Here, Pcrit is defined as the PO2 at which physiological oxygen supply (α0) reaches its maximum capacity (α; µmol O2 g−1 h−1 kPa−1). α is a species- and temperature-specific constant describing the oxygen dependency of the maximum metabolic rate (MMR=PO2×α) or, equivalently, the MR dependence of Pcrit (Pcrit=MR/α). We describe the α-method, in which the MR is monitored as oxygen declines and, for each measurement period, is divided by the corresponding PO2 to provide the concurrent oxygen supply (α0=MR/PO2). The highest α0 value (or, more conservatively, the mean of the three highest values) is designated as α. The same value of α is reached at Pcrit for any MR regardless of previous or subsequent metabolic activity. The MR need not be constant (regulated), standardized or exhibit a clear breakpoint at Pcrit for accurate determination of α. The α-method has several advantages over Pcrit determination and non-linear analyses, including: (1) less ambiguity and greater accuracy, (2) fewer constraints in respirometry methodology and analysis, and (3) greater predictive power and ecological and physiological insight. Across the species evaluated here, α values are correlated with MR, but not Pcrit. Rather than an index of hypoxia tolerance, Pcrit is a reflection of α, which evolves to support maximum energy demands and aerobic scope at the prevailing temperature and oxygen level.
Frequency of incidental ocular findings during pre-employment screening at a tertiary care Eye hospital
Authors: Khan Summaya , Rafique Aisha , Zafar Omar 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To highlight the prevalence of incidentally discovered ocular findings harvested amongst candidates of different age groups presented for pre-employment screening in a tertiary care eye hospital.
Methods: This Cross sectional prospective study was conducted in Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jun 2018 to Dec 2019. Data was collected using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. All candidates who appeared for medical fitness examination were included. Candidates belonged to various regions of Pakistan. Complete ophthalmic checkup including visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examination was performed. The data analysis was done by IBM SPSS 2.0 software.
Results: One thousand and five hundred (1500) candidates underwent ophthalmic medical fitness examination during Jun 2018 to Dec 2019, out of these 86% (1290) were males and 14% (210) were females. Mean age of the candidates was 23.14 ± 5.66 years. The most common incidental ocular findings were amblyopia 24.6% (369), strabismus 10% (150), cataract 7.3% (110), macular scar 6.5% (100) and colour vision deficiencies 5.5% (82).
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that out of total patients, 77% (1095) were found to be asymptomatic and 23% (405) were symptomatic. The study provides frequency for prevailing diseases and can help in improvement of eye care screening.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3177
How to cite this:Khan S, Rafique A, Zafar O. Frequency of incidental ocular findings during preemployment screening at a tertiary care Eye hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):746-750. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3177
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cost-effectiveness of cryptococcal antigen screening at CD4 counts of 101–200 cells/µL in Botswana
Authors: Tenforde Mark W. , Muthoga Charles , Ponatshego Ponego , Ngidi Julia , Mine Madisa , Greene Greg , Jordan Alexander , Chiller Tom , Larson Bruce A. , Jarvis Joseph N. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening in individuals with advanced HIV reduces cryptococcal meningitis (CM) cases and deaths. The World Health Organization recently recommended increasing screening thresholds from CD4 ≤100 cells/µL to ≤200 cells/µL. CrAg screening at CD4 ≤100 cells/µL is cost-effective; however, the cost-effectiveness of screening patients with CD4 101–200 cells/µL requires evaluation. Methods: Using a decision analytic model with Botswana-specific cost and clinical estimates, we evaluated CrAg screening and treatment among individuals with CD4 counts of 101–200 cells/µL. We estimated the number of CM cases and deaths nationally and treatment costs without screening. For screening we modeled the number of CrAg tests performed, number of CrAg-positive patients identified, proportion started on pre-emptive fluconazole, CM cases and deaths. Screening and treatment costs were estimated and cost per death averted or disability-adjusted life year (DALY) saved compared with no screening. Results: Without screening, we estimated 142 CM cases and 85 deaths annually among individuals with CD4 101–200 cells/µL, with treatment costs of $368,982. With CrAg screening, an estimated 33,036 CrAg tests are performed, and 48 deaths avoided (1,017 DALYs saved). While CrAg screening costs an additional $155,601, overall treatment costs fall by $39,600 (preemptive and hospital-based CM treatment), yielding a net increase of $116,001. Compared to no screening, high coverage of CrAg screening and pre-emptive treatment for CrAg-positive individuals in this population avoids one death for $2440 and $114 per DALY saved. In sensitivity analyses assuming a higher proportion of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients (75% versus 15%), cost per death averted was $1472; $69 per DALY saved. Conclusions: CrAg screening for individuals with CD4 101–200 cells/µL was estimated to have a modest impact, involve additional costs, and be less cost-effective than screening populations with CD4 counts ≤100 cells/µL. Additional CrAg screening costs must be considered against other health system priorities.
Sekret Chloris, czyli o greckich antroponimach w "Pieśniach" Horacego
Authors: Zalewska-Jura Hanna 
Published: March 2021

The Secret of Chloris. On the Greek Anthroponyms in Horace’s Odes
The trend of poesis docta in Horace’s Odes manifests itself, inter alia, in the sphere of anthroponomy, as many of the names introduced by the poet into his works are of Greek origin. These are pseudonyms, the meaning of which refers to topography (e.g. Lydia, Lycidas, Lyca), to Greek literary tradition (e.g. Neobule, Telephus) and pseudonyms in which there are allusions essential for reading the sense of the work or its part (e.g. Glycera, Lalage, Chloe, Foloe, Chloris, Myrtale, Pyrrus). In poetic translations into Polish, these meaningful nomina propria are not translated, which means that the recipient of the translation is not conscious of the allusion hidden behind the name, and thus is deprived of the possibility of decoding a vastrange of subtexts. The article discusses possible translation solutions that can meet the expectations of various target groups of Polish readers, especially those who do not have linguistic preparation in the field of ancient languages.
Ciclo do Marketing Digital como estratégia para otimizar a comunicação de informações ligadas à alimentação e nutrição, na mídia social Facebook
Authors: Santos Fernanda Ferreira dos , Pinto-e-Silva Maria Elisabeth Machado 
Published: March 2021

Introdução: O Facebook é uma das mídias digitais mais utilizadas no mundo, sendo crescente o número de profissionais e instituições da área da saúde que a utilizam para promoção da saúde e autopromoção, porém, de modo intuitivo e sem planejamento. Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou observar o impacto do emprego da ferramenta de marketing digital, “Ciclo do Marketing Digital”, em otimizar a comunicação de informações ligadas à alimentação e nutrição, na mídia social Facebook. Método: Foram acompanhadas as métricas (alcance, curtidas na página e em publicações, cliques em publicações, comentários e compartilhamentos) de publicações efetuadas na página Dietécnica no Facebook em dois períodos distintos; entre 2013 e 2015, sem uso de ferramentas de marketing, e entre 2015 e 2017, com uso da mesma para planejar, produzir, executar e avaliar condutas. Resultados: O emprego da ferramenta contribuiu para a otimização do processo de comunicação de informações relacionadas à alimentação e nutrição, demonstrados pelo incremento de variáveis métricas, como alcance. Conclusão: Esta estratégia pode ser empregada por profissionais e instituições de saúde que buscam ocupar este ambiente para promoção da saúde de modo eficiente. Entretanto seu emprego, e das redes sociais como um todo, deve ser feito a partir do pensamento crítico quanto aos impactos que terá sobre o processo de comunicação em saúde e em sociedade, e como consequência para a promoção da saúde no cenário atual.
Frameworks that guide curriculum development in Australian higher education
Authors: Weber Anthony , Lawson Celeste , Williams Brett 
Published: March 2021

Background: In Australia, accrediting body competencies reflect paramedic professional practice rather than informing curriculum development for higher education institutions. Purpose: This article will investigate frameworks that can be used to design curriculum development. Method: An initial focused discourse analysis of the grey literature was undertaken followed by a systematic review. Findings: Three of the 18 institutions in Australia and New Zealand that offer paramedic education identified some form of framework. Two theories were identified as applicable in supporting the development of curricula that are focused on the expanded scope of practice of paramedicine. Discussion: The current and future scope in paramedicine will define the development of curricula, especially in relation to a more primary-focused healthcare model. Conclusion: Further research is required to establish a consensus on what constitutes the essential core knowledge and skills required by graduate paramedics so that they are able to deliver patient care proficiently.
Treatment of completely displaced distal radial fractures with a straight plaster or manipulation under anaesthesia
Authors: Marson Ben A. , Ng Jimmy W. G. , Craxford Simon , Chell Julian , Lawniczak Dominik , Price Kathryn R. , Ollivere Ben J. , Hunter James B. 
Published: March 2021

Aims The management of completely displaced fractures of the distal radius in children remains controversial. This study evaluates the outcomes of surgical and non-surgical management of ‘off-ended’ fractures in children with at least two years of potential growth remaining. Methods A total of 34 boys and 22 girls aged 0 to ten years with a closed, completely displaced metaphyseal distal radial fracture presented between 1 November 2015 and 1 January 2020. After 2018, children aged ten or under were offered treatment in a straight plaster or manipulation under anaesthesia with Kirschner (K-)wire stabilization. Case notes and radiographs were reviewed to evaluate outcomes. In all, 16 underwent treatment in a straight cast and 40 had manipulation under anaesthesia, including 37 stabilized with K-wires. Results Of the children treated in a straight cast, all were discharged with good range of mo (ROM). Five children were discharged at six to 12 weeks with no functional limitations at six-month follow-up. A total of 11 children were discharged between 12 and 50 weeks with a normal ROM and radiological evidence of remodelling. One child had a subsequent diaphyseal fracture proximal to the original injury four years after the initial fracture. Re-displacement with angulation greater than 10° occurred for 17 children who had manipulation under anaesthesia. Four had a visible cosmetic deformity at discharge and nine had restriction of movement, with four requiring physiotherapy. One child developed over- granulation at the pin site and one wire became buried, resulting in a difficult retrieval in clinic. No children had pin site infections. Conclusion Nonoperative management of completely displaced distal radial fractures in appropriately selected cases results in excellent outcomes without exposing the child to the risks of surgery. This study suggests that nonoperative management of these injuries is a viable and potentially underused strategy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):902–907.
Evaluation of the nutritional, sensory and microbial status of processed and preserved soft cheese types
Authors: Badmos Abdulhameed Abiodun , Adeyemi Kazeem , Yusuff Afolabi , Nabeel Uthman , Yusuf Abdulrashid , Oyedepo Helen , Oyeyinka Samson , Belewu Kafayat , Lawal Olusegun 
Published: March 2021

The high nutrient value and the high demand for cheese worldwide has necessitated the adoption of cheese alternatives including Soybean cheese, and different methods of processing it. This study was designed to determine the replacement value of these cheese types by comparing the nutritional, sensory, economic and bacterial attributes of differently processed cheese from cow milk and soybean (cow cheese and soya cheese respectively). Thirty samples each of cow cheese (boiled and fried) and soya cheese (boiled, fried, pepper-coated and egg-coated) constituted six treatments (T1 to T6). The cheese values and bacterial attribute of these six treatments were compared using a Completely Randomized Design. Results revealed that protein was highest in fried soya cheese, then the egg coated soya cheese, but lowest in the pepper coated soya cheese. The sensory values of egg coated soya cheese sample was highest. The pepper coated soya cheese had the highest content of tannins, isoflavones, steroids and phenols, while the fried cow milk cheese had the highest content of alkaloids and terpenoids. The pepper coated soyabean cheese (T5) had lowest bacterial count for the first two days of storage on the shelf. The fried cow cheese (T2) was also low in bacterial count, but highest in cost. The widely prevalent bacteria species in the cheese samples studied include Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus plantarum. It was concluded that the freshly prepared cow cheese supplies calcium and sodium abundantly and is low in anti-nutritive factors, but the nutrients contained depreciates fast with storage while the highly nutritious and acceptable egg coated soya cheese and the phytochemicals-rich pepper coated soyabean cheese are highly recommended as lower cost cheese substitutes to enhance protein supply and bioavailability.
Gastric dilatation and volvulus (bloat) - A case report and mini review of literature
Authors: Elangovan Kalaiselvan , Shivaramu Shivaraju , Maiti Swapan K. , Padmanabha Sunil K.S. , Mohan Divya 
Published: March 2021

Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) is a progressing bloat condition in dogs characterized as dilatation followed by rotation of stomach. A sevenyear old 18 kg black colour female non-descriptive dog presented, with history of difficulty in respiration within half an hour after feeding of curd meals. With the history and general clinical examination the case tentatively diagnosed as gastric dilatation. After unsuccessful advancement of oro-gastric tube, needle gastric paracentesis was performed on left side of the abdomen caudal to the last rib for decompression. Mid-ventral celiotomy and gastrotomy were performed after stabilization of heart rate and respiratory rate. After evacuating the whitish frothy content from the stomach, derotation and incisional gastropexy was performed. On 14thpostoperative day telecommunication confirmed the milk based meal induced GDV canine patient recovered uneventfully. Electrocardiogram monitoring done for first 24 hours period and ventricular arrhythmia was managed by using lidocaine (loading@2mg/ kg bw followed by 25mcg/kg/min for 30 min). It is concluded that on 14th postoperative day telecommunication confirmed the milk based meal induced GDV canine patient recovered uneventfully.
Visible wide-angle view imaging system for the first plasma on the HL-2M tokamak
Authors: Liu L. , He X. F. , Yu D. L. , Shi Z. B. , Lu J. , Xia F. , Zheng D. L. , Zhang N. , He X. X. , Wei Y. L. , Zang L. G. , Yang Z. C. , Yan L. W. , Liu Yi , Yang Q. W. 
Published: March 2021

The wide-angle view imaging system, in terms of a tangential view diagnostic with field of view (FOV) of 56.8° and a downward-looking diagnostic from the top of the machine with FOV of 94.7°, has been newly constructed for the first plasma of the HL-2M tokamak achieved in December 2020. Its mission in this stage is to monitor the plasma evolution during its startup, sustainment, and disruption in the visible spectral range as well as the plasma–wall interaction. For the latter ultrawide view diagnostic, nearly three-quarters of the divertor region and half the area of the inner wall are in the view range. Both the diagnostics are characterized by a similar optical structure, i.e., the light emission from the plasma is collected by a front-end lens and transferred through an imaging fiber bundle to the camera. This optical structure is suitable for application in the complex tokamak environment mainly because the fiber bundle is flexible. Photos of glow discharges are acquired prior to the first plasma for testing the FOVs in the vacuum vessel. The spatial resolution is

∼

4

m
m

for the tangential view diagnostic and

∼

10

m
m

for the downward-looking diagnostic. The temporal resolutions, ranging from 90 to 360 Hz by changing the region of interest or binning acquisition mode of the color camera, are applied to record the plasma evolutions and/or dust creation events during the first plasma campaign.
Technical feasibility of conventional and nonconventional vegetables’ intercropping under organic fertilization
Authors: Telles Camila Cembrolla , Junqueira Ana Maria Resende , Fukushi Yumi Kamila de Mendonça 
Published: March 2021

This work aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of lettuce, Indian spinach and taro intercropping under organic fertilizer. The experiment was performed at Água Limpa Farm, belonging to the University of Brasília, located in Brasília - DF, from October 2014 to June 2015. A completely randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications was used. Each experimental plot had 18 m2 (4.5 m x 4.0 m), totaling 28 plots. The following treatments were assessed: lettuce monoculture, Indian spinach monoculture, taro monoculture, lettuce/Indian spinach intercropping, lettuce/taro intercropping, Indian spinach/taro intercropping, and lettuce/Indian spinach/taro intercropping. In all treatments, the following spacings were used: 0.25 x 0.25 m (lettuce), 1.0 x 0.6 m (Indian spinach), and 1.0 x 0.3 m (taro). Crop production was evaluated from sample plants taken from the central part of each plot. Two harvests of lettuce, two of Indian spinach and one of taro were carried out during intercropping. In the first cycle, lettuce highest mean yield values were observed in the lettuce monoculture (3.5 kg m-2) and lettuce/Indian spinach intercropping (3.4 kg m-2). The crop reached the commercial size in both production cycles, except when intercropped with Indian spinach in the second cycle. The highest Indian spinach mean fresh mass was recorded in the lettuce/Indian spinach intercropping (974.7 g plant-1; first harvest) and monoculture (327.5 g plant-1; second harvest). The yield of taro rhizomes was significantly higher when intercropped with lettuce, showing a mean value of 16.8 kg m-2. The intercropping arrangements with lettuce increased yield of nonconventional vegetables. The conventional and nonconventional vegetables’ intercropping technique increased species diversity in the area without interfering in the agronomic performance and quality of the crops.
Correlation between Prolactin Serum with Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Retnoningrum Dwi , Hendrianingtyas Meita , Istiadi Hermawan , Jaludamascena Ardhea 
Published: March 2021

Background: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a state of systemic inflammatory activation by various causes. SIRS have a high mortality rate. Prolactin is known to regulate cellular function of immune system. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple, cost effective and easy parameter that currently used as inflammation marker.Objective: The aims of this study is to determine the correlation between prolactin serum with NLR in SIRS patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 50 clinically SIRS patients. Prolactin serum was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and NLR was calculated manually from absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte count measured by automatic hematology analyzer. Non-parametric Spearman test was used to analyze the correlation between prolactin with NLR.Results: Median value of serum prolactin level was 11.32 ng/mL (2.76-194.81), whereas the mean value NLR was 16.36 ± 11.58. The correlation between prolactin levels with NLR was r = 0.345, p = 0.014.Conclusion: There is a weak positive significant correlation between prolactin with neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in SIRS
Confucian Orientalism and Western Outlook in Martial Arts Film
Authors: Teo Stephen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the martial arts genre with reference to the films of the Japanese master Kurosawa Akira and the Chinese director Zhang Yimou, discussing how both directors converge in their themes and styles through the concept of “Eastern Orientalism.” Such Orientalism is based on Confucian precepts of zhengming (rectification of names), chaos theory, and the defense of the people undertaken by militaristic but heroic individual protagonists (samurai or xia). In raising the issue of Orientalism, the paper probes into the Western perceptions of the genre and the imperative of directors like Kurosawa and Zhang in pandering to Western tastes. However, these same directors seem equally preoccupied with fostering a sense of self and nationalistic expression in their response to and treatment of Orientalized content. The paper concludes with a discussion on The Great Wall (2016) as a comparative review of the Western and Eastern viewpoints at play in the US-China co-production. Here the analysis revolves around the issue of sameness, dramatized as a main theme in the film.