bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Groundwater Sustain Irrigation Network System in Panca Lautang Area, Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Hidayah B , Jaya A , Puspita A I D , M B R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mining activities in open pit and underground mines will always be associated with rock breaking or stripping activities (both mechanical and blasting), so that this can affect the structure and strength of rocks. The strength of the rock is strongly influenced by the presence of initial cracks (pre-existing cracks) and rock anisotropy conditions associated with discontinuous plane conditions. Fracture mechanics is a science that illustrates how a fracture can occur and propagate during applied stress on material. The main parameter in fracture mechanics is called fracture toughness which shows the resistance of the material to propagate the crack. There are several mode in determining type I fracture toughness, one of which is type I fracture toughness Flattened Brazilian Disc (FBD) mode. Type I fracture toughness test is carried out using a compression machine in a laboratory and is conducted on concrete samples consisting of 3 (three) various samples, with a ratio of cement and sand composition of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. This test also uses different loading rate values, namely 2.50 mm/min, 2.70 mm/min, and 2.83 mm/min. The results of the type I fracture toughness value from each loading rate will be compared to determine the effect of the loading rate on the value of type I fracture toughness. The obtained fracture toughness value is also related to the physical and mechanical properties of the samples. Based on the results of tests, it can be seen that the loading rate affects the value of fracture toughness, the increase in fracture toughness value is followed by the higher loading rate. In addition, it can be seen that the fracture toughness value is directly proportional to the uniaxial compressive strength value and the indirect tensile strength value. The average correlation value obtained is R2 = 0.9884 (indicating a strong relationship).
Experimental Study of the Effect of Cavities on the Load Capacity of Two-Way Reinforced Concrete Plates on Fixed Concrete Thickness
Authors: Atmadja W M T , Parung H , Irmawaty R , Amiruddin A.A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study aims to determine the effect of cavities on the load capacity of reinforced concrete slabs when compared to massive reinforced concrete slabs that have the same thickness, with the hope of reducing the structure’s weight and the use of concrete materials. The modified PVC pipes, as cavity formers, will be placed in the tensile area without reducing the flexural strength that is caused by the weak nature of concrete against tensile strength. The test is carried out on a full scale against 14 cm thick solid plates (PP-1), and hollow plates, which use modified PVC pipes (PB-2), with a cavity diameter of 7.6 cm that has the same thickness. The test uses joint supports on all four sides and the loading pattern is evenly distributed. All slabs are made, on the spot, of cast concrete with the same size and distance between the reinforcement. PVC hollow plate (PB-2) has the same effective thickness as solid plate but has 14% less concrete volume. The maximum load capacity on the solid plate (PP-1) is 522.66 kN and on the hollow plate (PB-2) is 444.33 kN. The melting capacity on the solid plate (PP-1) is 373,515 kN and on the hollow plate (PB-2) is 325,935 kN. Initial crack load capacity on the solid plate (PP-1) is 19.5 kN and on the hollow plate (PB-2) is 16.75 kN
Design and Analysis of Solar Water Pumping for Salt Production in Indonesia
Authors: Kunaifi  , Liliana  , Simaremare Harris , Mulyono  , Anjarjati Wahyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Salt production farmers in Patutrejo Village, Purworejo Regency, spend nearly Rp. 10 million per year for diesel water pump operational costs. The cost of fuel is the heaviest financial burden for the farmers. Not only is it expensive, but fuel scarcity is also a serious issue causing the salt production capacity target cannot be assured, and the increasing demand for salt cannot be met. This study proposes using a solar water pump system (SWPS) as an alternative solution for the farmers to ensure and increase salt production. For a group of farmers in Patutrejo who require pumping around 35 m3 of seawater each day, a photovoltaic (PV) panel of 900 Wp and a DC pump of 700 Watt can perform the task sufficiently. The total capital cost of the SWPS is Rp. 90 million, with a simple payback period (SPP) of 9.5 years. The SPP would be shorter if future fuel price increases were taken into account. With a lifetime of up to 25 years, SWPS promises a long-term, practical, reliable, and sustainable solution for salt farmers in Patutrejo.
Experimental and Simulation of Solar Drying Cabinet with PCM and SiO2 Materials
Authors: Diana Lohdy , Safitra Arrad Ghani , Sholihah Fifi Hesty , Hanuntiarso Faris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Solar energy is a potential renewable source in Indonesia, especially for the drying process. The process needs a drying cabinet as a support component to store the drying product. A high-quality drying cabinet to store heat for a long time is needed. This research aims to compare the thermal performance of the drying cabinet without PCM (phase change material) and SiO2 materials or DC I (drying cabinet I) with the drying cabinet that uses PCM and SiO2 materials or DC II (drying cabinet II). The research was carried out by experimental and simulation to investigate thermal performance and fluid flow characteristics. The experiment was carried out inside the laboratory to set uniform initial parameters and the simulation using computational fluid dynamics software. The drying cabinet was modeled in 3D. The experiment result showed DC II had a higher air temperature and lowered relative air humidity for two hours than DC I. The simulation result showed air temperature differences and backflow in the air streamline in the DC II.
Gas Turbine Compressor Configuration Analysis for Production and Efficiency Optimization at PT Saka Indonesia Pangkah Ltd.
Authors: Afandy Muhammad Arif , Ramadhani Ifani P , Biyanto Totok R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gas Turbine Compressors are used by Saka Indonesia Pangkah Ltd. in upstream oil and gas facilities either to boost hydrocarbon products to downstream facilities or to lift liquid hydrocarbon as a common artificial method. As production rate declining leads to gas supply deficiency to the compressors, the operating point move to surge line away from the best efficiency point. Gas feed shortage affecting the compressor’s performance which contributed to head and flow capacity. This condition is then calculated and simulated using UNISIM Design Simulator to get optimum configuration results. The simulation was performed at the same gas turbine shaft power output of each compressor. Two cases of centrifugal compressors configuration with different functions and performance are studied. Due to process dynamic conditions, constraint parameter is considered as per desired operating point. This paper also analyses techno-economic aspects between individual and serial pipelines arrangement of the two compressors by evaluating operational data and design calculation. Subsequently, this study produces assessment observations associated with the compressor performance both in individual and serial configuration and eventually analyses the rate of fuel consumption in the gas turbines as the main driver. The case study shows serial arrangement between MPC-1 and GLC with same gas turbine shaft power as individual configuration can reduce fuel consumption up to 47 kg/hr. It saves as much as USD 7,569.96 per day at low demand and USD 7,569.96 at high-demand cases.
Proton therapy facilities: an overview of the development in recent years
Authors: Aliyah F , Pinasti S G , Rahman A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since its discovery in 1946, Proton therapy has continued to overgrow from the number of units installed in various countries and the technology used. This paper aims to provide an overview of the development of proton therapy facilities to date based on a literature review. The results are discussed in several aspects, including its distribution across the globe, beam delivery techniques, dose verification, room layout, and shielding design considerations.
Role of Renewable Energy in India’s Energy Basket
Authors: Girish G P , Singh Sweta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
World is witnessing a trend of countries adopting renewable energy sources viz.a.viz. Fossil fuels dominated energy sources. International Energy Agency believes that by 2025 energy produced from Renewable energy sources will most likely surpass electricity generated by coal. India being one of the largest producer and consumer of electricity in the world is already one of the largest producers of energy from renewable sources in the world with 38%+ of India’s total installed capacity from renewable energy sources. In this study we analyze and review the role that Renewable Energy is going to play in India’s Energy basket. With growing dependence on non-fossil fuels, it’s imperative for industry participants, policy makers, governments and researchers to decipher what is the role that is going to be played by energy produced from renewable energy sources in India’s energy basket from a strategic as well as policy making perspective.
TLC-based fingerprinting for Phyllanthus niruri from diverse geographical origins in East and Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Kartini K , Wulandari W A , Jayani N I E , Setiawan F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhyllanthus niruriL. (meniran), the member ofEuphorbiaceae, is a medicinal plant that is commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical areas such as Asia, America, and China. Various factors such as environment, geographical location, harvest time, and post-harvest process can affect the quality of crude drugs produced fromP. niruri. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of meniran herbs obtained from 15 geographical origins in East and Central Java, Indonesia using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiles analyzed by chemometrics. TLC was carried out using TLC plate Si Gel 60 GF254 as stationary phase; toluene, ethyl acetate, methanol, 85% formic acid (75:25:25:6) as mobile phase; and visualized using NP/PEG Reagent. The results showed TLC-fingerprinting combined with chemometric (PCA and CA) analyses were able to discriminate the origin ofP. nirurifrom different geographical origins.P. nirurifrom 15 locations of East and Central Java Indonesia were classified into 5 groups based on their chemical similarity. The samples that are grouped in one cluster have the similar quality of chemical compounds, while the samples in different clusters also have different qualities.
Agro-morphological characterization based genetic diversity of Indonesian local rice germplasm
Authors: Mulsanti I W , Risliawati A , Yunani N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study was carried out to characterize 103 Indonesian local rice germplasm on the basis of 20 agro-morphological traits. The local rice germplasm originated from Riau and Jambi province in Sumatera island. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyzed 11 quantitative data. PCA explained the genetic diversity of the rice germplasm accession. Most of the morphological characters showed variation in different accession. PC1 and PC2 explained about 32.5% and 22.1% of the variability, respectively. PCI and PC2 mostly related with traits such as productive tiller number (PTN), vegetative tiller number (VTN), plant height (PH), and culm length (CL). PCA-Biplot showed accession from Jambi and Riau manage to be separated, even though the PCA percent is only 54.6%. Accession originated from Riau marked by number of tillers (PTN, VTN), and grain weight (GW) traits. Based on cluster analysis, rice germplasm grouped in to 4 main clusters. Most of the accession from Jambi and Riau grouped in the same cluster, which is cluster I. Whereas eight local accessions from Riau grouped in the same cluster separately (cluster II). Two accession which are Padi Jarum (Acc 2711) and Ketan Hitam (Acc 9300) are individually, separated from others.
Javan langur responses to the repeated exposure of ground survey and novel stimulus, unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Rahman D A , Setiawan Y , Rahman A A A F , Martiyani T R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs; a.k.a “drones”) for ecological monitoring, conservation campaign, and management is increasing enormously. UAVs operate at low altitudes (<150 m) and in any terrain; thus, they are susceptible to interact with local fauna, generating a new type of anthropogenic disturbance that has not been systematically evaluated. Both policy-makers and practitioners require data about the potential impacts of UAVs on natural biota, but few studies exist. The research aims to compare behavioral responses from ground-based surveys vs. UAVs flights. Moreover, we conducted two experiments of UAVs overflights, specifically aiming to assess the responses of Trachypithecus auratus. Between January and March 2021, we conducted 24 UAVs flight approaches and 12 ground surveys at Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia. We applied generalized linear mixed-effects models and Kruskal-Wallis tests to 364 behavioral scores obtained from two independent observers. When directly compared, the detection time was higher using UAVs (χ2 = 38.50; df= 1; p < 0.050), and behavioral responses by Javan langur to UAVs overflights at > 30 m were different from responses to ground surveys were more intense. Finally, we suggest data-driven best practices for UAVs use and the design of future UAVs-wildlife response studies.
Flowering phenology and fruit formation of Capparis micracantha in the Bogor Botanic Gardens
Authors: Astuti I P , Mutaqien Z , Damayanti F , Normasiwi S , Rozak A H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Capparis micracantha is a Capparaceae family member. Generally, studies on the phenology of this species have not been widely reported. Current research focuses on the chemical composition and its potential as a medicinal plant. Additionally, another interesting phenomenon of C. micracantha is the presence of black ants. This study aims to ascertain the development of flower and fruit formation, as well as the ant-C. micracantha symbiosis. The observation was conducted from January 2017 until January 2020, twice a week at 08.00, 11.00 a.m, and 02.00 p.m., including the development of the branch, leaves, flowers, and fruit. The results indicated that C. micracantha is a shrub with beautiful flowers, both perfect and imperfect flowers. The number of imperfect flowers is approximately 80% greater than the number of perfect flowers. The fruit is round, green when immature, and red fully mature. The development period from bud into ripe fruit was between 90 and 100 days. February-April, June-August, and October-December are the fruiting seasons. The black ants coexist with this plant in a mutualistic symbiosis.
Predicting habitat suitability of critically endangered Nepenthes sumatrana
Authors: Yudaputra A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Nepenthes sumatrana is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra. It has been categorised as critically endangered based on the IUCN Red List. It often occupies in lowland tropical forest of Sumatra. Its habitat has been threatened by land use conversion in the recent decade. Due to the high threats in the wild, the conservation efforts are necessarily required. It is not possible to assess all locations that are suitable for this species. In terms of addressing that issue, Species Distribution Modelling is considered as an alternative way to identify the regions that have the similar environmental conditions to where the species is known to occur. The occurrence records were derived from Global Biodiversity Information Facility and reliable scientific papers. Topography, soil, climate and land cover were used as predictors of the model. MaxEnt algorithm was used to predict the habitat suitability. MaxEnt produces a predictive model with the AUC value of 0.833 indicating that the model has a good performance. The suitable habitats are predicted in several different locations in Sumatra. The information about predicted suitability habitat would be useful to prioritize the protected areas of this species. Furthermore, our findings would be valuable for the discovery of unknown subpopulation.
Response of banana germplasms to banana bunchy top virus
Authors: Arubi D , Giyanto  , Dinarty D , Sutanto A , Hidayat S H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is one of the important viruses causing disease in bananas and its infection has the potential to cause yield loss. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of several commercial cultivars (Cavendish, Bebek, Goroho, Tanduk, and Barangan Merah) and wild accessions (Klutuk NTT, Halabanensis, SPn 001, LNT 001, and Microcarpa) of banana to BBTV infection. Transmission of BBTV was carried out through banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa, using 20 adult aphids per plant with an acquisition feeding period of 24 hours on BBTV-infected plants and an inoculation feeding period on healthy test plants for 48 hours. Observation on plant growth and disease intensity was conducted for 8 weeks after inoculation. At the end of the observation period, only 5 cultivars, i.e. Cavendish, Bebek, Goroho, Barangan Merah, and Halabanensis showed typical symptoms of BBTV with disease incidence reached 80%, 60%, 20%, 20%, and 20% respectively. Significant inhibition of plant height and leaves width occurred in Cavendish, Bebek, and Goroho i.e. 44.60%, 36.31%; 12.62%, 41.08%; and 25%, 10.13%, respectively. This paper discusses the need for banana germplasm exploration to find sources of resistance to BBTV.
Patch size does not always indicate bird species diversity: case in peri-urban tropical habitat in Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Alghifari M K , Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Larger patches generally are inhabited by higher species richness, including birds, as predicted by the island biogeography theory. The objective of this research was to reveal the response of bird species richness in different patch sizes in peri-urban habitat. The study site area was five patches (2 large patches near human activities, remote large patch with a small lake, small patch, corridor patch) of disturbed secondary shrub-forest in Riau University, Sumatra. Birds were observed using the standard point-counts in early morning and late afternoon (8 points/patch, 3 replicates, total 40 observation-hour) in March-April 2021. Species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H’), Chao species prediction, and Bray-Curtis similarity indices (B) were calculated. Total of 979 individual birds were observed, consisted of 68 species from 28 families with B ranged from 0.573 to 0.846. Large patch with lake in remote area had the highest species richness (S:39 species, Chao:54) and H’ (3.097). However, two large patches closed to human activities had the lowest number of species (S:27, Chao:30, H’:2.908, and S:23, Chao:32, H’:2.938, respectively), even lower than small patch (S:30, Chao:40, H’:2.925) or corridor patch (S:34; Chao:51, H’:2.724). Clearly human disturbance and micro-habitat diversity affect species richness in a local scale.
Reassessment on the monophyly of the fruit-piercing moth, Eudocima bilberg, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) using molecular data
Authors: Dharmayanthi A B , Arida E , Darmawan  , Wiyati S Y , Haryoko T , Zein M S A , Sutrisno H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Eudocima Billberg, 1820 is a group of moths known for their fruit-piercing behaviour. Members of this group are easily distinguished for their bright colour, hind wing patterns, and the robustness of their body. However, the monophyly of this genus is still in dispute. Based on morphological characters, a current study on 48 species of this genus showed that Eudocima is not a monophyletic group. We conducted a preliminary analysis of 25 species of Eudocima based on 632-bp sequences of cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) to reassess the monophyly of this genus. Using Maximum Parsimony (MP) method, we ran a number of data sets to reconstruct the most appropriate phylogenetic tree. The result showed that Eudocima is a monophyletic group based on a nucleotide weighting of transversion: transitions = 2:1, despite the very low Jackknife support. This result should not be taken as a final conclusion because only about 60% of Eudocima species were included in our analysis. An upcoming study involving all members of this genus is necessary in order to reassess the putative monophyly of this genus.
Distribution and characteristics of the Makassar tarsius Tarsius fuscus fischer, 1804 sleeping nest in the tropical primary and secondary forests of South Sulawesi
Authors: Andriyani A A , Nugraha R , Marliana S N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Tarsius fuscus, whose distribution is limited to the southern part of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is threatened by poaching and habitat loss, with the latter leading to the disappearance of its sleeping nest locations, despite the species’ wide range of habitat requirements. This study aimed to identify the distribution and characteristics of T. fuscus sleeping nests. Research took place in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park primary and secondary forest areas and Hasanuddin University Educational Forest. Sleeping nest locations were identified through vocalizations in the morning (4.30–6.00 am) and direct visual observations. Sleeping nest distribution maps were created using QGIS 3.16. Sleeping nests were found in karst rock shelters, Ficus trees, forest pandanus, and fallen tree debris, at elevations of 68–947 mdpl, 4–42° slopes, temperatures ranging 23.3–29.1°C, and distances to roads and settlements of 21.4–460.3 m and 325.9–1888.5 m, respectively. Tarsius fuscus tended to nest in primary forest rather than secondary forest, although this may also be caused by the larger proportion of primary forest. Protecting both primary and secondary forest is crucial, but particular focus should be given to the latter, owing to its susceptibility to human disturbance.
Characteristics of apiculture and meliponiculture in Banten Province, Indonesia: profile of beekeepers, bee and pollen diversity
Authors: Hanifa H S , Sartiami D , Priawandiputra W , Buchori D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There have been reports of global bees declining in the past years. However, the information on bees declining in Indonesia is lacking. Apiculture and meliponiculture have been practiced in Indonesia for centuries. This study aimed to obtain data of beekeepers and the recent beekeeping situation, including stingless bee species and their plant resources in Banten Province. Interviews were carried out on beekeepers in Pandeglang and Lebak Regencies. Bees from interviewed beekeepers were collected and identified. Pollens attached to the bees were also identified at the family level. Apiculture and meliponiculture in Banten were entirely practiced by men in their productive ages (<5-year experience). Beekeepers placed the beehive around the house to keep an efficient observation and ensure the sufficiency of nutrition for the bees. Based on information collected from the beekeepers, pests and climate were to have affected the population of bees and production of honey. Bee that favored the most by beekeepers was Tetragonula laeviceps. Based on the pollen identification, Arecaceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae were the most visited plant families by all bee species. Managed bees shared similar nutrition (nectar and pollen) resources. In addition, the beekeeping in Banten tends to increase in recent 5 years.