bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on combined machine for the subsurface soil treatment
Authors: Ravshanov Kh , Mamatov F , Mukimov B , Sultonov R , Abdullayev A , Murtazaeva G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the relative position of the working bodies of a combined machine for non-fall tillage of winter crops. The design scheme and the principle of operation of the combined machine are given. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. It is established that the most optimal design scheme of a combined machine for non-tillage of the soil and its preparation for sowing of repeated crops is considered to be a scheme consisting of non-tillage cases with crushers, a battery with cut-out spherical disks and a roller. According to the results of theoretical and experimental studies, it was found that with a longitudinal distance between the shaft-free bodies of 40 cm and a transverse distance of 90 cm, a longitudinal distance from the toe of the ploughshare to the center of the support wheel of 50 cm and a longitudinal distance from the toe of the ploughshare of the shaft-free body to the axis of rotation of the cut-out spherical disk of 120 cm, a longitudinal distance from the axis of rotation of the cut-out spherical disk to the center of the roller of 75 cm, high-quality tillage with minimal energy costs is provided.
Study on plowing of cotton soil using two-tier plow
Authors: Mamatov F , Temirov I , Berdimuratov P , Mambetsheripova A , Ochilov S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of a two-tier plow for plowing soil from under cotton. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. The effects of the cotton field relief on the tillage and traction resistance of a two-tier plow were studied theoretically and experimentally. Analytical expressions are obtained for determining the uniformity of the course, the load of the bodies and the center of resistance of the plow, depending on its main parameters and the roughness of the relief of the cotton field. It is established that serial two-tier plows, due to the discrepancy between their width of the gripper and the width of the row spacing, do not meet the requirements of agricultural technology: the plowing depth is not stable, the coefficient of variation of the plowing depth reaches 16% for a trailed plow, and for a mounted plow - 25.8%; the transverse direction of the plough the bottom of the furrow turns out to be stepped; the value of the traction resistance changes at each pass of the plow. To improve the quality of plowing fields from under cotton, a new plowing method has been developed, carried out by a two-tier plow, the width of which is a multiple of the width of the row spacing of cotton. The width of the plow bodies is equal to half the width of the row spacing.
Efficacy of Cicer arietinum L. & Vigna mungo L. in remediation of Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Bansal R , Gauba P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hexavalent Chromium is a major soil pollutant; thus, its remediation from soil deserves due attention. Phytoremediation is an area of active current research which is eco-friendly and economic. Use of leguminous plants for phytoremediation will improve soil quality, fertility and nutrient balance and would help in restoration of natural soil ecosystem. The present study focuses on the use of two commonly growing legumes; Cicer arietinum (RP1) and Vigna mungo (RP2) to explore their remediation potential towards Cr(VI) with concentration ranging from 100-900 mg kg−1 with the growth up to three weeks and were assessed for remediation potential and toxicity parameters. Higher percentage of decrease in root and shoot length was observed in RP2 as compared to RP1. Chlorophyll content was also found to be decreasing with increasing Cr stress in both the species. RP2 recorded higher BCF than RP1. Highest bioaccumulation factor 4.32 was observed in RP2 at 400 mg kg−1 concentration. Translocation factor >1 was observed in both the plants with highest as 1.67 at 600 mg kg−1 in RP2 and 1.93 at 400 mg kg−1 in RP1. Remediation percentage of 72.25% in RP2 at 600 mg kg−1 and 73.13% at 400 mg kg−1 in RP1 was observed. Both the plants showed high tolerance and remediation potential towards Cr(VI) therefore has a great phytoremediation prospect, however, RP2 can be preferred over RP1.
Physicochemical properties of graft copolymers of collagen and fibroin with polyacrylic acid
Authors: Karimov S , Rafikov A , Nabiev N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Certain physicochemical properties of the synthesized graft copolymers of raw skin collagen and natural silk fibroin with polyacrylic acid have been determined. The dependence of the solubility, density, and thermal properties of copolymers on the ratio of components and synthesis conditions has been established.
Research of quality silk cocoon making technology
Authors: Gulamov A , Avazov K , Abrayqulov B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article presents the period of wrapping a silkworm in a cocoon during the season of making cocoons, as well as the results of experiments on their collection and analysis, existing problems. Based on the results, proposals were made to improve the system of attracting the population to entrepreneurship and the development of entrepreneurship. In particular, the effectiveness of organizing capacities for the production of raw silk by cocooning a silkworm at home, serving the enterprises of the silk cluster, is explained.
Types and composition of diseases and pests of restructured forest and pasture plants in the dry part of the Aral Sea
Authors: Khujaev O , Obidjanov D , Tursunov O , Nazarova O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Studies on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea have shown that dominant disease from 3 species of them in Haloxylon plant is Podosphaera leucotricha and the dominant species from 34 species of pests is Big Dwarf Haloxylon Locust (D. albidula) and Small Haloxylon Locust (D. annulata roseipen). Chemical and biological control measures were taken against this disease and pests. When using anti-inflammatory drugs Redomil gold, Dnox, Fundazol and Sporagin, their effectiveness is as follows: Redomil gold - 68% sp (2.0–2.5 kg / ha), Fundazol -50% ke (2.0 l / ha), Dnox - 40% ke (2.0 l / ha) and Sporagin (4.0, l / ha) were tested using fungicides in the norms. Of the drugs used in the experimental variant, Redomil gold, 68% s.p. (2.0-2.5 kg / ha) was the highest biological efficacy against powdery mildew in the variant in which the fungicides were applied, was 91.3%.
Determination of model parameters of water-nutritional processes in soil for nitrogen compounds
Authors: Anarbaev A , Tursunov O , Kodirov D , Allenova I , Nazaraliev D , Obidjanov D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Studies of development of an integrated model that allows calculating the whole range of processes necessary for predicting and managing the water and nutrient regimes of reclaimed soils are considered. Calculated values of the maximum concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in the topsoil during the growing season of plant for Tashkent’s region are shown. Values of field moisture capacity and wilting moisture of the main varieties of irrigated soils are defined.
Study on the influence of rice paddies’ water layer temperature on rice yield
Authors: Rau A , Begmatov I , Rau G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Studies on Akdala rice system found that rice plants sensitive to meteorological conditions. Climate change leads to changes in crop structure. The temperature of the rice field air and water has a special influence on the structure of the rice crop. It is established that the temperature of the water layer in rice paddies in the irrigation period does not exceeds 290 C, which is below the threshold of 350 C, when the flow and discharge of water from the paddies are recommended. The temperature of water in rice paddies, the surface layer was determined by an express thermometer, at the depth of the water layer 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm by Savin Thermometers, soil – thermometers TM-5.
Choosing an appropriate planting scheme for intensive apple gardens
Authors: Boboeva H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article describes the intensive planting of varieties of apples belonging to local and foreign selection in soil and climatic conditions of Tashkent region in 4 different (4.0x2.5; 4.0x2.0; 4.0x1.5 and 4.0x1.0 m.) planting schemes, mainly in varieties with low tree height and small branch size, the effect of planting schemes on tree habitat is small. In contrast, in varieties with high biological growth rate, the effect of planting schemes was found to be high. However, data have shown that as the length of the main branches in apple tree trees decreases, they cause an increase in ring-shaped fruit branches, which in turn affects the yield in the trees by reducing the feeding area.
Why illness is more important than disease in old age
Authors: Olde Rikkert Marcel G M , Melis René J F , Cohen Alan A , (Geeske) Peeters G M E E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Clinical reasoning and research in modern geriatrics often prioritises the disease concept. This is understandable as it has brought impressive advances in medicine (e.g. antibiotics, vaccines, successful cancer treatment and many effective surgeries). However, so far the disease framework has not succeeded in getting us to root causes of many age-related chronic diseases (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis). Moreover, in aging and disease constructs alone fail to explain the variability in illness presentations.
Therefore, we propose to apply the underused illness concept in a new way by reconsidering the importance of common symptoms in the form of a dynamic network of symptoms as a complementary framework. We show that concepts and methods of complex system thinking now enable to fruitfully monitor and analyse the multiple interactions between symptoms in such in networks, offering new routes for prognosis and treatment. Moreover, close attention to the symptoms that bother older persons may also improve weighing the therapeutic objectives of well-being and survival and aligning treatment targets with the patients’ priorities.
HNetGO: protein function prediction via heterogeneous network transformer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoshuai , Guo Huannan , Zhang Fan , Wang Xuan , Wu Kaitao , Qiu Shizheng , Liu Bo , Wang Yadong , Hu Yang , Li Junyi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Protein function annotation is one of the most important research topics for revealing the essence of life at molecular level in the post-genome era. Current research shows that integrating multisource data can effectively improve the performance of protein function prediction models. However, the heavy reliance on complex feature engineering and model integration methods limits the development of existing methods. Besides, models based on deep learning only use labeled data in a certain dataset to extract sequence features, thus ignoring a large amount of existing unlabeled sequence data. Here, we propose an end-to-end protein function annotation model named HNetGO, which innovatively uses heterogeneous network to integrate protein sequence similarity and protein–protein interaction network information and combines the pretraining model to extract the semantic features of the protein sequence. In addition, we design an attention-based graph neural network model, which can effectively extract node-level features from heterogeneous networks and predict protein function by measuring the similarity between protein nodes and gene ontology term nodes. Comparative experiments on the human dataset show that HNetGO achieves state-of-the-art performance on cellular component and molecular function branches.
Contributions of obesity to kidney health and disease: insights from Mendelian randomization and the human kidney transcriptomics
Authors: Xu Xiaoguang , Eales James M , Jiang Xiao , Sanderson Eleanor , Drzal Maciej , Saluja Sushant , Scannali David , Williams Bryan , Morris Andrew P , Guzik Tomasz J , Charchar Fadi J , Holmes Michael V , Tomaszewski Maciej 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Obesity and kidney diseases are common complex disorders with an increasing clinical and economic impact on healthcare around the globe. Our objective was to examine if modifiable anthropometric obesity indices show putatively causal association with kidney health and disease and highlight biological mechanisms of potential relevance to the association between obesity and the kidney.

Methods and results
We performed observational, one-sample, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR studies in ∼300 000 participants of white-British ancestry from UK Biobank and participants of predominantly European ancestry from genome-wide association studies. The MR analyses revealed that increasing values of genetically predicted body mass index and waist circumference were causally associated with biochemical indices of renal function, kidney health index (a composite renal outcome derived from blood biochemistry, urine analysis, and International Classification of Disease-based kidney disease diagnoses), and both acute and chronic kidney diseases of different aetiologies including hypertensive renal disease and diabetic nephropathy. Approximately 13–16% and 21–26% of the potentially causal effect of obesity indices on kidney health were mediated by blood pressure and type 2 diabetes, respectively. A total of 61 pathways mapping primarily onto transcriptional/translational regulation, innate and adaptive immunity, and extracellular matrix and metabolism were associated with obesity measures in gene set enrichment analysis in up to 467 kidney transcriptomes.

Conclusions
Our data show that a putatively causal association of obesity with renal health is largely independent of blood pressure and type 2 diabetes and uncover the signatures of obesity on the transcriptome of human kidney.
Genome assembly, annotation, and comparative analysis of the cattail Typha latifolia
Authors: Widanagama Shane D , Freeland Joanna R , Xu Xinwei , Shafer Aaron B A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cattails (Typha species) comprise a genus of emergent wetland plants with a global distribution. Typha latifolia and Typha angustifolia are two of the most widespread species, and in areas of sympatry can interbreed to produce the hybrid Typha × glauca. In some regions, the relatively high fitness of Typha × glauca allows it to outcompete and displace both parent species, while simultaneously reducing plant and invertebrate biodiversity, and modifying nutrient and water cycling. We generated a high-quality whole-genome assembly of T. latifolia using PacBio long-read and high coverage Illumina sequences that will facilitate evolutionary and ecological studies in this hybrid zone. Genome size was 287 Mb and consisted of 1158 scaffolds, with an N50 of 8.71 Mb; 43.84% of the genome were identified as repetitive elements. The assembly has a BUSCO score of 96.03%, and 27,432 genes and 2700 RNA sequences were putatively identified. Comparative analysis detected over 9000 shared orthologs with related taxa and phylogenomic analysis supporting T. latifolia as a divergent lineage within Poales. This high-quality scaffold-level reference genome will provide a useful resource for future population genomic analyses and improve our understanding of Typha hybrid dynamics.
Whole-Genome Sequencing ofAcer catalpifoliumReveals Evolutionary History of Endangered Species
Authors: Yu Tao , Hu Yiheng , Zhang Yuyang , Zhao Ran , Yan Xueqing , Dayananda Buddhi , Wang Jinpeng , Jiao Yuannian , Li Junqing , Yi Xin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcer catalpifolium is an endangered species restricted to remote localities of West China. Understanding the genomic content and evolution of A. catalpifolium is essential to conservation efforts of this rare and ecologically valuable plant. Here, we report a high-quality genome of A. catalpifolium consisting of ∼654 Mbp and ∼35,132 protein-coding genes. We detected 969 positively selected genes in two Acer genomes compared with four other eudicots, 65 of which were transcription factors. We hypothesize that these positively selected mutations in transcription factors might affect their function and thus contribute to A. catalpifolium’s decline-type population. We also identified 179 significantly expanded gene families compared with 12 other eudicots, some of which are involved in stress responses, such as the FRS–FRF family. We inferred that A. catalpifolium has experienced gene family expansions to cope with environmental stress in its evolutionary history. Finally, 109 candidate genes encoding key enzymes in the lignin biosynthesis pathway were identified in A. catalpifolium; of particular note were the large range and high copy number of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes. The chromosome-level genome of A. catalpifolium presented here may serve as a fundamental genomic resource for better understanding endangered Acer species, informing future conservation efforts.
Long-lived Humans Have a Unique Plasma Sphingolipidome
Authors: Pradas Irene , Jové Mariona , Huynh Kevin , Ingles Marta , Borras Consuelo , Mota-Martorell Natalia , Galo-Licona Jose Daniel , Puig Josep , Viña Jose , Meikle Peter J , Pamplona Reinald 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A species-specific lipidome profile is an inherent feature linked to longevity in the animal kingdom. However, there is a lack of lipidomic studies on human longevity. Here, we use mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to detect and quantify 151 sphingolipid molecular species and use these to define a phenotype of healthy humans with exceptional life span. Our results demonstrate that this profile specifically comprises a higher content of complex glycosphingolipids (hexosylceramides and gangliosides), and lower levels of ceramide species from the de novo pathway, sphingomyelin and sulfatide; while for ceramide-derived signaling compounds, their content remains unchanged. Our findings suggest that structural glycosphingolipids may be more relevant to achieve the centenarian condition than signaling sphingolipids.
Holo-Transcriptome Sequences From the Tropical Marine SpongeCinachyrella alloclada
Authors: Desplat Yvain , Warner Jacob F , Lopez Jose V 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMarine sponge transcriptomes are underrepresented in current databases. Furthermore, only 2 sponge genomes are available for comparative studies. Here we present the assembled and annotated holo-transcriptome of the common Florida reef sponge from the species Cinachyrella alloclada. After Illumina high-throughput sequencing, the data assembled using Trinity v2.5 confirmed a highly symbiotic organism, with the complexity of high microbial abundance sponges. This dataset is enriched in poly-A selected eukaryotic, rather than microbial transcripts. Overall, 39 813 transcripts with verified sponge sequence homology coded for 8496 unique proteins. The average sequence length was found to be 946 bp with an N50 sequence length of 1290 bp. Overall, the sponge assembly resulted in a GC content of 51.04%, which is within the range of GC bases in a eukaryotic transcriptome. BUSCO scored completeness analysis revealed a completeness of 60.3% and 60.1% based on the Eukaryota and Metazoa databases, respectively. Overall, this study points to an overarching goal of developing the C. alloclada sponge as a useful new experimental model organism.
IL-1 SRS Without the Bunker: Introduction and Clinical Experience of ZAP-X Gyroscopic Radiosurgery
Authors: Adler John R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Each year more than two million patients worldwide are potential candidates for SRS, yet due to the significant costs and complexities of historical delivery systems, only 150,000 patients currently receive such treatment. Japan Shonin-cleared in 2020, ZAP Surgical’s ZAP-X Gyroscopic Radiosurgery platform was designed to solve this challenge, and ultimately bring world-class SRS to more patients in more places.
ZAP-X is recognized for being the first and only vault-free SRS delivery system, thereby typically eliminating the need for providers to build costly shielded radiation treatment rooms. Utilizing a modern linear accelerator to produce radiation, ZAP-X is also the first and only dedicated radiosurgery system to no longer require Cobalt-60 radioactive sources, thereby eliminating the significant costs to license, secure and regularly replace live radioactive isotopes.
Built on a distinctive dual-gimbaled gantry design, the ZAP-X system uses gyroscopic mobility to direct radiosurgical beams from hundreds of unique angles to precisely concentrate radiation on the tumor target. This pioneering approach supports the clinical objective of protecting healthy brain tissue and patient neuro-cognitive function, as well as enable future potential SRS re-treatments without the unnecessary risks associated with multi-purpose radiation delivery technologies.
CBMS-10 Methionine metabolism closely related with self-renew, pluripotency and cell death in GICs through modification of cholesterol biosynthesis and ribosomal RNA
Authors: Yokogami Kiyotaka , Nakatake Yasutaka , Watanabe Takashi , Mizuguchi Asako , Yamashita Shinji , Takeshima Hideo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Glioma initiating cells (GICs) are the source of glioma cells that have the ability to self-renew and pluripotency, which are treatment-resistant, starting point for relapse and eventual death despite multimodality therapy. Since high accumulation is observed in 11cMet-PET at the time of recurrence, it is important to understand the mechanism of tumor cell activation caused by the reorganization of methionine metabolism. We cultured cells in methionine-deprived culture medium and performed a comprehensive analysis, and found that methionine depletion markedly decreased proliferation and increasing cell death of GICs. Decreased SAM, which is synthesized intracellularly catalyzed by methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) using methionine, triggered the following: (i) global DNA demethylation, (ii) hyper-methylation of signaling pathways regulating pluripotentcy of stem cells, (iii) decreased expression of the core-genes and pluripotent marker of stem cells including FOXM1, SOX2, SOX4, PROM1 and OLIG2, (iv) decreased cholesterol synthesis and increased excretion mainly through decreased SREBF2 (v) down-regulation of the large subunit of ribosomal protein configured 28S and ACA43, snoRNA guiding the pseudouridylation of 28S ribosomal RNA, which has crucial role for translation. In addition, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis with statin resulted in a phenotype similar to that of methionine removal and a decrease in stem cell markers and snoRNA ACA43. Moreover, suppression of FOXM1 decreased stem cell markers such as SOX4 and PROM1. The gene expression profile for cholesterol production was obtained from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (IVYGAP) database and compared between tumour cells with relatively low methionine levels in area of pseudopalisading arrangement around necrosis and tumour cells in the infiltrating region, showing that cells cells in the infiltrating region have a higher capacity to produce cholesterol. Taken together, methionine metabolism closely related with self-renew, pluripotency and cell death in GICs through modification of cholesterol biosynthesis: especially SREBF2-FOXM1 and ACA43 axis with modification of ribosomal RNA.