bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managementstrategie für den Massenanfall von Erkrankten/Infizierten in Alten- und Pflegeheimen im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Schreiber Wolfgang , Wolf Philipp , Bigalke Nicole , Bigalke Marc U. , Graf Bernhard M. , Dittmar Michael S. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Während der Corona Virus Disease-2019(COVID-19)-Pandemie sind gehäuft Ausbrüche in stationären Pflege- und Betreuungseinrichtungen zu beobachten, die die ambulanten Strukturen überfordern und zu einer rettungsdienstlichen Großschadenslage aufwachsen. Standardisierte einsatztaktische Vorgaben wie für den Massenanfall von Verletzten (MANV) fehlen.

Methoden
Anhand eines konkreten Fallberichts und der Literatur stellen die Autoren eine Managementstrategie für den Massenanfall von Erkrankten bzw. Infizierten (MANE/MANI) während der Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus‑2(SARS-CoV‑2)-Pandemie vor und grenzen diese zur MANV-Einsatztaktik ab.

Ergebnisse
Das Vorgehen bei MANI lässt sich in 3 Phasen einteilen und beginnt mit der akuten Gefahrenabwehr mit Sichtung, Stabilisierung kritischer Patienten und Transport der hospitalisierungspflichtigen Patienten. In Phase 2 werden die Betriebsbereitschaft der Einrichtung gesichert oder die Bewohner anderweitig untergebracht, falls das Personal in relevantem Ausmaß infiziert oder in Quarantäne ist. Die 3. Phase markiert die Rückkehr zum Regelbetrieb.

Diskussion
Phase 1 orientiert sich an MANV-Grundsätzen, Phase 2 am Krankenhauskrisenmanagement. Die Vermeidung einer Evakuierung der Bewohner zur Entlastung der Krankenhäuser stellt dabei ein wichtiges Einsatzziel dar. Mangelnde Einsatz- und Übungspraxis mit derartigen Lagen, die begrenzte Anwendbarkeit von etablierten Vorsichtungsalgorithmen sowie der hohe Koordinationsbedarf stellen die Führungskräfte vor Herausforderungen.

Schlussfolgerung
Das vorgestellte Phasenmodell stellt einen praktikablen, ganzheitlichen Ansatz zum erweiterten notfallmedizinischen Management von MANI-Einsatzlagen dar.
Außergewöhnliche Berufsallergien durch Nahrungsmittel tierischen Ursprungs
Authors: Dickel H. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Nahrungsmittelwirtschaft zählt zu den Hochrisikobereichen für arbeitsbedingte allergische Sofortreaktionen an der Haut (Kontakturtikaria, Kontakturtikariasyndrom, Proteinkontaktdermatitis) mit oder ohne respiratorische Symptome (allergische Rhinitis, allergisches Asthma) durch Proteine tierischen Ursprungs.

Fragestellung
Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über allergene Meerestier- und Fleischproteine und deren klinische und beruflich Relevanz in verschiedenen Tätigkeitsbereichen.

Material und Methode
Es erfolgten die Aufbereitung von aktuellem Wissen sowie eine ergänzende selektive Literaturrecherche.

Ergebnisse
Nach dem irritativen Handekzem ist die Proteinkontaktdermatitis eine häufige Berufsdermatose unter Beschäftigten mit Kontakt zu Meerestieren und Fleisch. Fischer, Köche und Metzger sind an erster Stelle betroffen. Noch vor den Fischen zählen Krusten- und Weichtiere zu den häufigsten Auslösern von in Einzelfällen auch vital bedrohlichen Nahrungsmittelallergien. Demgegenüber ist eine primäre Fleischallergie selten. Rindfleisch unter den Säugetieren und Hühnerfleisch unter den Vögeln sind die häufigsten Auslöser.

Schlussfolgerungen
Bei allen Beschäftigten mit allergischen Sofortreaktionen an der Haut und/oder den Atemwegen, die gegenüber Proteinen tierischen Ursprungs am Arbeitsplatz exponiert sind, sollte frühzeitig eine sorgfältige allergologische Abklärung durchgeführt werden. Spielt heute die spezifische Ig(Immunglobulin)E-Bestimmung bei der Diagnosesicherung eine zentrale Rolle, wird es in Einzelfällen von großer Bedeutung sein, das angeschuldigte Nativmaterial in die Hauttestungen einzubeziehen. Die Krankheitsverläufe sind allgemein durch eine schlechte Prognose und häufige Berufswechsel charakterisiert.
Theoretical and experimental investigations of mechanical vibrations of hot hammer forging
Authors: Saberi Saeid , Fischer Jochen , Stockinger Martin , Tikal Ralph , Afsharnia Reza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe characterization of mechanical vibrations in a hammer forging process is a tremendously important parameter for machine design and production engineering. The dynamic response of a forging hammer to the reaction forces is affected by material behaviour, time, spring-damper system and foundation. In this research firstly, the effect of mass ratio and coefficient of restitution on the forging efficiency were theoretical characterized. The interesting influence of anvil initial velocity on the forging efficiency is also analytically presented. The mechanical vibrations of a LASCO HO U-315 hammer were experimentally investigated. Two steel grades a S355 and a 42CrMo4 were used to forge trial parts. The velocity of the ram and acceleration of the anvil during a hot die forging process were measured using a laser velocity meter type LSV-2000-45. The influences of forging time, coefficient of restitution, energy loss and time interval (delay) between blows on the efficiency of the forging process were examined. The energy loss before die contact was determined to be approximately 10%. The investigations also showed that a variation of the time interval between blows within the usual range has no effect on the intensity of the vibrations of the anvil nor on the energy loss of the hammer. The dependence of the free damped vibrations of the anvil on machine stiffness, damper coefficient and mass of machine has been confirmed. Additionally, the loss of energy due to hammer movement as well as the free damped mechanical vibrations of the anvil were theoretically analysed in order to verify the experimental findings. Theoretical analysis showed an anvil initial velocity of approximately 0.2 m/s results in a 4% increase of forging efficiency. A good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results was observed.
Das Projekt rechtsmedizinische Leichenschau in Frankfurt am Main – Erste Leichenschau vs. Sektionsergebnisse
Authors: Plenzig S. , Holz F. , Kettner M. , Verhoff M. A. , Birngruber C. G. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Frankfurt am Main (~750.000 Einwohner) wird die erste Leichenschau im Auftrag der Polizei tagsüber durch einen dafür eingerichteten rechtsmedizinischen Dienst vorgenommen. Nachts und am Wochenende führen diese Tätigkeit Ärzte des ärztlichen Bereitschaftsdienstes (ÄBD) der kassenärztlichen Vereinigung durch.

Material und Methoden
Für das Jahr 2019 wurden die im Rahmen dieser ersten Leichenschauen ausgestellten Leichenschauscheine hinsichtlich der attestierten Todesart ausgewertet und die Ergebnisse mit denen einer ggf. im Nachgang durchgeführten Sektion, inklusive Zusatzuntersuchungen, verglichen. Von den Ärzten des ÄBD konnten 461 Leichenschauen in die Auswertung eingeschlossen werden, davon erfolgte in 76 Fällen eine Obduktion. Im Nachgang der 364 rechtsmedizinischen Leichenschauen wurden 78 Obduktionen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Veränderungen in der Todesart nach Sektion ergaben sich für die Leichenschauen des ÄBD in 57, bei den rechtsmedizinischen Leichenschauen in 49 Fällen, wobei insbesondere eine bei Leichenschau attestierte ungeklärte Todesart in einen natürlichen Tod spezifiziert werden konnte. Nach der Obduktion fanden sich bei den rechtsmedizinischen Leichenschauen 8 Fälle, bei denen des ÄBD 19 Fälle eines nichtnatürlichen (statt weiterhin ungeklärten) Todes. Bei den rechtsmedizinisch beschauten Fällen änderte sich zudem nach der Sektion in einem Fall die Todesart von natürlich zu nichtnatürlich, bei denen des ÄBD kam es in einem Fall zu einer Änderung von nichtnatürlich zu natürlich.

Diskussion
Die Veränderung bzw. Spezifizierung der Todesart nach der Sektion beider Kollektive verdeutlicht, wie wichtig eine Steigerung der Sektionsrate wäre, und dass auch bei professioneller Durchführung der Leichenschau das Erkennen der Todesart Probleme bereitet.
SARS-CoV‑2-Zufallsentdeckungen bei Hamburger Todesfällen: ein epidemiologisches Monitoring während des dynamischen Infektionsgeschehens im Frühjahr 2020
Authors: Klein Anke , Langenwalder Felicia , Heinrich Fabian , Meißner Kira , Schröder Ann Sophie , Püschel Klaus , Ondruschka Benjamin , Lütgehetmann Marc , Heinemann Axel 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie sind Inzidenz und Mortalität entscheidende Determinanten, um Ausbreitungsdynamik und Gefahrenpotenzial zu beurteilen. Untersucht wird, ob ein systematisches mikrobiologisches Monitoring von Todesfällen eine relevante Untererfassung der Mortalität aufzeigen kann, und ob sich ggf. eine Sterbekohorte zuvor nicht erfasster Fälle von einer Hellfeldkohorte unterscheidet (Soziografie, Todesursache).

Methode
Es erfolgte eine systematische Reverse-Transkriptase(RT)-qPCR(quantitative Polymerasekettenreaktion)-Testung von Verstorbenen in zentralen Leichenhallen in Hamburg (Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Krematorium) auf eine SARS-CoV‑2-Infektion mittels Nasen-Rachen-Abstrich über 8 Wochen ab Auftreten pandemiebezogener Todesfälle mit vergleichender Analyse der Hell- und Dunkelfeldkollektive.

Ergebnisse
Unter insgesamt 1231 verdachtsunabhängig getesteten Verstorbenen lag bei 29 Fällen (2,4 %) eine zuvor nicht bekannte SARS-CoV‑2-Infektion vor. In der ersten Phase der Pandemie überwogen Zufallsentdeckungen unter unklaren und nichtnatürlichen Todesfällen in der Rechtsmedizin, die vermehrt jüngere Altersgruppen, v. a. aus häuslicher Umgebung, umfassten. Im Krematorium zeigten sich mit weiterem Verlauf zunehmend Zufallsentdeckungen bei Todesfällen aus stationären Pflegeinstitutionen. Das Gesamtkollektiv wies soziodemografisch keine signifikanten Unterschiede zu einem Vergleichskollektiv bekannter/registrierter SARS-CoV‑2-assoziierter Todesfälle auf. In der Dunkelfeldkohorte war die Todesursache COVID-19 signifikant seltener.

Schlussfolgerung
Ein systematisches verdachtsunabhängiges PCR-basiertes Monitoring von Todesfällen ermöglicht eine vollständigere Erfassung von SARS-CoV‑2-positiven Sterbefällen insbesondere im nichtklinischen Sektor. Durch die Erfassung eines Dunkelfelds, das einer Routineleichenschau bislang entgeht, kann ein präventiver epidemiologischer Beitrag geleistet werden.
Alternative exon splicing and differential expression in pancreatic islets reveals candidate genes and pathways implicated in early diabetes development
Authors: Rehman Sayeed ur , Schallschmidt Tanja , Rasche Axel , Knebel Birgit , Stermann Torben , Altenhofen Delsi , Herwig Ralf , Schürmann Annette , Chadt Alexandra , Al-Hasani Hadi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) has a strong genetic component. Most of the gene variants driving the pathogenesis of T2D seem to target pancreatic β-cell function. To identify novel gene variants acting at early stage of the disease, we analyzed whole transcriptome data to identify differential expression (DE) and alternative exon splicing (AS) transcripts in pancreatic islets collected from two metabolically diverse mouse strains at 6 weeks of age after three weeks of high-fat-diet intervention. Our analysis revealed 1218 DE and 436 AS genes in islets from NZO/Hl vs C3HeB/FeJ. Whereas some of the revealed genes present well-established markers for β-cell failure, such as Cd36 or Aldh1a3, we identified numerous DE/AS genes that have not been described in context with β-cell function before. The gene Lgals2, previously associated with human T2D development, was DE as well as AS and localizes in a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for blood glucose on Chr.15 that we reported recently in our N2(NZOxC3H) population. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis of DE and AS genes showed an overlap of only half of the revealed pathways, indicating that DE and AS in large parts influence different pathways in T2D development. PPARG and adipogenesis pathways, two well-established metabolic pathways, were overrepresented for both DE and AS genes, probably as an adaptive mechanism to cope for increased cellular stress. Our results provide guidance for the identification of novel T2D candidate genes and demonstrate the presence of numerous AS transcripts possibly involved in islet function and maintenance of glucose homeostasis.
Whole-Body Teleoperation and Shared Control of Redundant Robots with Applications to Aerial Manipulation
Authors: Coelho Andre , Sarkisov Yuri , Wu Xuwei , Mishra Hrishik , Singh Harsimran , Dietrich Alexander , Franchi Antonio , Kondak Konstantin , Ott Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a passivity-based control framework for multi-task time-delayed bilateral teleoperation and shared control of kinematically-redundant robots. The proposed method can be seen as extension of state-of-the art hierarchical whole-body control as it allows for some of the tasks to be commanded by a remotely-located human operator through a haptic device while the others are autonomously performed. The operator is able to switch among tasks at any time without compromising the stability of the system. To enforce the passivity of the communication channel as well as to dissipate the energy generated by the null-space projectors used to enforce the hierarchy among the tasks, the Time-Domain Passivity Approach (TDPA) is applied. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated through its application to the DLR Suspended Aerial Manipulator (SAM) in a real telemanipulation scenario with variable time delay, jitter, and package loss.
Lenvatinib in combination with transarterial chemoembolization for treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC): a retrospective controlled study
Authors: Fu Zhigang , Li Xiaowei , Zhong Jiaming , Chen Xiaoxia , Cao Kunkun , Ding Ning , Liu Li , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhai Jian , Qu Zengqiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety of combined treatment with lenvatinib and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) versus TACE only in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).MethodsOf the 120 patients enrolled in this study, 60 patients received treatment with TACE only, and 60 patients received TACE plus lenvatinib. We retrospectively compared the clinical outcomes including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and tumor response between the two groups. Both PFS and tumor response were based on the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST). Adverse events were analyzed to assess the safety profiles.ResultsThe 1-year and 2-year OS rates were significantly higher in the TACE + lenvatinib group (88.4% and 79.8%) than that in the TACE group (79.2% and 49.2%,p = 0.047). A similar PFS benefit was observed in the TACE + lenvatinib group (1-y PFS rate: 78.4% vs. 64.7%, 2-y PFS rate: 45.5% vs. 38.0%,p < 0.001). The best overall objective response rate (ORR) was also better with TACE + lenvatinib treatment (ORR: 68.3% vs. 31.7%,p < 0.001) and disease control rate (DCR) numerically increased in the TACE + lenvatinib treatment (93.3% vs. 86.7%,p = 0.224). Patients’ liver function remained comparable to baseline in the TACE + lenvatinib group. The most common adverse events were decreased albumin (55.0%), hypertension (48.3%) and decreased platelet count (46.7%) in the TACE + lenvatinib group.ConclusionsCombination treatment with TACE and lenvatinib may significantly improve clinical outcomes over TACE monotherapy with a manageable safety profile for unresectable HCC. The efficacy of the combination treatment should be validated in prospective studies with a large sample size.Graphical abstract
Machine learning in information systems - a bibliographic review and open research issues
Authors: Abdel-Karim Benjamin M. , Pfeuffer Nicolas , Hinz Oliver 
Published: April 2021

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are currently hot topics in industry and business practice, while management-oriented research disciplines seem reluctant to adopt these sophisticated data analytics methods as research instruments. Even the Information Systems (IS) discipline with its close connections to Computer Science seems to be conservative when conducting empirical research endeavors. To assess the magnitude of the problem and to understand its causes, we conducted a bibliographic review on publications in high-level IS journals. We reviewed 1,838 articles that matched corresponding keyword-queries in journals from the AIS senior scholar basket, Electronic Markets and Decision Support Systems (Ranked B). In addition, we conducted a survey among IS researchers (N = 110). Based on the findings from our sample we evaluate different potential causes that could explain why ML methods are rather underrepresented in top-tier journals and discuss how the IS discipline could successfully incorporate ML methods in research undertakings.
Penetration of echinocandins into wound secretion of critically ill patients
Authors: Gasperetti Tiziana , Welte René , Oberacher Herbert , Marx Jana , Lorenz Ingo , Schellongowski Peter , Staudinger Thomas , Burgmann Karin , Eller Philipp , Santner Tobias , Griesmacher Andrea , Pfisterer Hartwig , Eschertzhuber Stephan , Aigner Maria , Joannidis Michael , Bellmann Romuald 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Wound infections caused by Candida are life-threatening and difficult to treat. Echinocandins are highly effective against Candida species and recommended for treatment of invasive candidiasis. As penetration of echinocandins into wounds is largely unknown, we measured the concentrations of the echinocandins anidulafungin (AFG), micafungin (MFG), and caspofungin (CAS) in wound secretion (WS) and in plasma of critically ill patients.

Methods
We included critically ill adults with an indwelling wound drainage or undergoing vacuum-assisted closure therapy, who were treated with an echinocandin for suspected or proven invasive fungal infection. Concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography with UV (AFG and MFG) or tandem mass spectrometry detection (CAS).

Results
Twenty-one patients were enrolled. From eight patients, serial WS samples and simultaneous plasma samples were obtained within a dosage interval. AFG concentrations in WS amounted to < 0.025–2.25 mg/L, MFG concentrations were 0.025–2.53 mg/L, and CAS achieved concentrations of 0.18–4.04 mg/L. Concentrations in WS were significantly lower than the simultaneous plasma concentrations and below the MIC values of some relevant pathogens.

Conclusion
Echinocandin penetration into WS displays a high inter-individual variability. In WS of some of the patients, concentrations may be sub-therapeutic. However, the relevance of sub-therapeutic concentrations is unknown as no correlation has been established between concentration data and clinical outcome. Nevertheless, in the absence of clinical outcome studies, our data do not support the use of echinocandins at standard doses for the treatment of fungal wound infections, but underline the pivotal role of surgical debridement.
Solar photovoltaic-based microgrid hosting capacity evaluation in electrical energy distribution network with voltage quality analysis
Authors: Sharma Arvind , Kolhe Mohan , Kontou Alkistis , Lagos Dimitrios , Kotsampopoulos Panos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, solar photovoltaic hosting capacity within the electrical distribution network is estimated for different buses, and the impacts of high PV penetration are evaluated using power hardware-in-loop testing methods. It is observed that the considered operational constraints (i.e. voltage and loadings) and their operational limits have a significant impact on the hosting capacity results. However, with increasing photovoltaic penetration, some of the network buses reach maximum hosting capacity, which affects the network operation (e.g. bus voltages, line loading). The results show that even distributing the maximum hosting capacity among different buses can increase the bus voltage rise to 9%. To maintain the network bus voltages within acceptable limits, reactive power voltage-based droop control is implemented in the photovoltaic conditioning devices to test the dynamics of the network operation. The results show that implementation of the droop control technique can reduce the maximum voltage rise from 9% to 4% in the considered case. This paper also presents the impact of forming a mesh type network (i.e. from radial network) on the voltage profile during PV penetration, and a comparative analysis of the operational performance of a mesh type and radial type electrical network is performed. It is observed that the cumulative effect of forming a mesh type network along with a droop control strategy can further improve the voltage profile and contribute to increase photovoltaic penetration. The results are verified using an experimental setup of digital real-time simulator and power hardware-in-loop test methods. The results from this work will be useful for estimating the appropriate photovoltaic hosting capacity within a distribution network and implementation of a droop control strategy in power conditioning devices to maintain the network operational parameters within the specified limits.

Highlights

Voltage and line loading constraints’ combination can reduce PV hosting capacity by 50% as compared to only voltage as a constraint.

Implementation of reactive power versus voltage droop control in PV power conditioning device can reduce voltage variation from 9% to 4%.

In a PV integrated electrical energy network, line loading can be reduced by 20% if the network is configured from radial to mesh type.
Total Thyroidectomy vs Thyroid Lobectomy for Localized Papillary Thyroid Cancer in Children: A Propensity-Matched Survival Analysis
Authors: Memeh Kelvin , Ruhle Brian , Alsafran Salman , Vaghaiwalla Tanaz , Kaplan Edwin , Angelos Peter , Keutgen Xavier M. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Current guidelines recommend total thyroidectomy (TT) and radioablation for most papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in children. These guidelines have been criticized as aggressive, especially for early-stage PTC, as it likely does not influence patient survival and results in life-long thyroid hormone replacement. We sought to study whether the extent of thyroidectomy (TT vs thyroid lobectomy [TL]) influences overall and disease-specific survival in children with localized PTC.

METHODS:
The National Cancer Database and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries were queried. Patients 18 years or younger with low-risk PTC between 2004 and 2016 were included. Using a 1:1 propensity score matching, patients who underwent TT were matched for age, sex, race, year of diagnosis, and tumor size with a similar cohort of patients who underwent TL. Primary end points were overall survival and disease-specific survival.

RESULTS:
There were 3,500 patients identified as surgically treated for PTC, of which 1,325 patients met inclusion criteria for matching. Three hundred and twenty-six patients were matched. One hundred and sixty-three patients had TT; 140 were female and mean age was 16 years (interquartile range [IQR] 13 to 17 years). One hundred and sixty-three patients had TL; 140 were female and mean age was 16 years (IQR 14 to 17 years). Median follow-up was 5.0 years (IQR 2.8 to 8 years) and 8.3 years (IQR 3.6 to 14.4 years) in the National Cancer Database and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cohorts, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival or disease-specific survival in patients with PTC < 4 cm, regardless of whether patients underwent TT or TL (p = 0.32 for National Cancer Database registry and p = 0.67 for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that the extent of thyroidectomy does not influence survival for pediatric patients with early-stage PTC and that TL might be adequate in this patient population.