bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Zouiouich Semi , Wahl David , Liao Linda M. , Hong Hyokyoung G. , Sinha Rashmi , Loftfield Erikka 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceCalcium intake is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), although it remains unclear whether this association varies by calcium source or tumor site. Moreover, there are disparities in calcium intake by race and ethnicity, but the impact of low calcium consumption on CRC risk in specific racial and ethnic populations is unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between calcium intake and CRC risk, considering the source of calcium and tumor site and across racial and ethnic groups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed data from the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study. Participants were aged 50 to 71 years at baseline (October 1995 to May 1996), had self-reported good health and neither extremely high nor low caloric or calcium intake, and were followed up until the date of their first primary cancer diagnosis, death, loss to follow-up, or end of follow-up (December 31, 2018). Data were analyzed from April 2022 to April 2024.ExposureCalcium intake was estimated from dietary sources (dairy and nondairy), supplements, and total intake.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was CRC incidence. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs using the lowest sex-specific quintile of calcium intake as the reference.ResultsAmong 471 396 participants who were cancer-free at baseline, mean (SD) baseline age was 62.0 (5.4) years and 59.5% were male. During 7 339 055 person-years of follow-up (median, 18.4 years [IQR, 9.2-22.5 years]), 10 618 first primary CRC cases were identified. Mean (SD) total calcium intake for the lowest quintile (Q1) was 401 mg/d (104 mg/d) for females and 407 mg/d (95 mg/d) for males and for the highest quintile (Q5) was 2056 mg/d (412 mg/d) for females and 1773 mg/d (444 mg/d) for males. Dairy, nondairy, and supplemental sources contributed a mean (SD) of 42.1% (43.5%), 34.2% (24.5%), and 23.7% (38.3%) of total calcium intake, respectively. Higher total calcium intake (Q5 vs Q1) was associated with a lower risk of CRC (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.78; P &amp;lt; .001 for trend), with consistent results across calcium sources and tumor sites. Among non-Hispanic Black participants, the mean (SD) calcium intake was 382 mg/d (108 mg/d) for Q1 and 1916 mg/d (466 mg/d) for Q5, with no association of total calcium intake with CRC risk (Q5 vs Q1: HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.32-1.13; P = .12 for trend); there was no evidence of effect measure differences by race and ethnicity.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, higher calcium intake was consistently associated with reduced CRC risk across tumor sites and sources of calcium. Increasing calcium intake, especially among groups with lower consumption, may be associated with reductions in avoidable differences in CRC risk.
Knowledge Translation Interventions to Address Gaps in Rectal Cancer Care
Authors: Kennedy Erin D. , Pooni Amandeep , Schmocker Selina , Brown Carl , MacLean Anthony , Baxter Nancy N. , Williams Lara , Simunovic Marko , Liberman Sender , Drolet Sébastien , Neumann Katerina , Jhaveri Kartik , Kirsch Richard 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceOver the last 2 decades, increasing use of multimodal strategies has led to significant improvements in oncologic outcomes for patients with rectal cancer. However, uptake of these strategies varies among centers, suggesting that best evidence is not always implemented into practice.ObjectivesTo identify gaps in care and initiate knowledge translation interventions to close existing gaps.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 3-year multifaceted, prospective quality improvement study was conducted at 8 high-volume rectal cancer centers across Canada. From April 2016 to December 2018, patients with stage I to III rectal cancer undergoing total mesorectal excision were enrolled. Data were analyzed from January 2022 through December 2023.InterventionsProcess measures for multimodal strategies to optimize rectal cancer care were selected and prospectively collected for patients with stage I to III rectal cancer undergoing total mesorectal excision. Knowledge translation interventions were implemented to increase uptake of these strategies.Main Outcome and MeasureChange in uptake of process measures over the study period, with measures taken every 3 months, from time 1 (baseline) to time 7 (18 months).ResultsAmong 645 patients with stage I to III rectal cancer (389 male [60.3%]; mean [SD] age, 68.1 [8.2] years), iterative results showed that uptake of 6 of 12 process measures (eg, presentation at multidisciplinary cancer conference: 22 of 77 patients [28.6%] at time 1 to 64 of 91 patients [70.3%] at time 7; P &amp;lt; .001) and 1 pathology measure (inadequate lymph node retrieval: 15 of 77 patients at time 1 [19.5%] to 6 of 91 patients at time 7 [6.6%]; P = .002) improved over time. Positive circumferential resection margin, positive distal margin, and inadequate lymph node retrieval rates at 2 years were 44 patients (6.8%), 10 patients (1.6%), and 79 patients (12.2%), respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, there was an improvement in 6 process measures and 1 pathology measure for patients with stage I to III rectal cancer. Furthermore, this study led to standardized processes of care for rectal cancer that may facilitate continuous quality improvement and multicenter trials across Canada.
Computer Vision in Clinical Neurology
Authors: Friedrich Maximilian U. , Relton Samuel , Wong David , Alty Jane 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceNeurological examinations traditionally rely on visual analysis of physical clinical signs, such as tremor, ataxia, or nystagmus. Contemporary score-based assessments aim to standardize and quantify these observations, but these tools suffer from clinimetric limitations and often fail to capture subtle yet important aspects of human movement. This poses a significant roadblock to more precise and personalized neurological care, which increasingly focuses on early stages of disease. Computer vision, a branch of artificial intelligence, has the potential to address these challenges by providing objective measures of neurological signs based solely on video footage.ObservationsRecent studies highlight the potential of computer vision to measure disease severity, discover novel biomarkers, and characterize therapeutic outcomes in neurology with high accuracy and granularity. Computer vision may enable sensitive detection of subtle movement patterns that escape the human eye, aligning with an emerging research focus on early disease stages. However, challenges in accessibility, ethics, and validation need to be addressed for widespread adoption. In particular, improvements in clinical usability and algorithmic robustness are key priorities for future developments.Conclusions and RelevanceComputer vision technologies have the potential to revolutionize neurological practice by providing objective, quantitative measures of neurological signs. These tools could enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve treatment monitoring, and democratize specialized neurological care. Clinicians should be aware of these emerging technologies and their potential to complement traditional assessment methods. However, further research focusing on clinical validation, ethical considerations, and practical implementation is necessary to fully realize the potential of computer vision in clinical neurology.
Receipt of Federal Income Support by Eligible Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Guo Muqi , Martin Michelle Woodford , Kavanagh Nolan M. , Chen Jarvis T. , Hemmeter Jeffrey , Kawachi Ichiro , Parker Margaret , McConnell Margaret 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceWhile many infants with low birth weight (LBW) are eligible for Supplemental Security Income (SSI), more evidence is needed about whether they receive benefits and whether income supports reach infants from the most socioeconomically disadvantaged households.ObjectiveTo assess receipt of SSI among LBW-eligible infants (infants eligible due to LBW) and targeting of SSI to LBW and income-eligible infants across county-level measures of socioeconomic disadvantage.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used administrative data from the SSI program, vital records, and the American Community Survey. It included a population-based sample of 185 920 LBW infants born between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018, from 482 US counties, with 2003 revised birth certificates, Social Security Administration–defined LBW, and survival of more than 31 days, and born in a county-year with at least 20 LBW infants surviving their first month of life. Analyses were conducted from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023.ExposuresThree measures of county-level socioeconomic disadvantage: poverty rates, median household income, and completion of postsecondary degrees.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReceipt of SSI among (1) infants who qualified due to LBW and (2) LBW- and likely income-eligible infants. In addition, whether receipt varied by county-level measures of socioeconomic disadvantage was evaluated using Poisson regression models.ResultsA total of 185 920 LBW-eligible infants were included in the study. During the study period, the proportion of LBW-eligible infants who received SSI was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.36-0.40). SSI receipt was higher in more disadvantaged counties measured by county poverty rates or median household income. After adjusting income eligibility, the proportion receiving SSI reached 0.65 (95% CI, 0.49-0.86). However, SSI receipt among LBW- and likely income-eligible infants decreased as the level of county socioeconomic disadvantage increased.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, most LBW infants who were eligible for SSI did not receive benefits. Likely income-eligible infants living in socioeconomically disadvantaged counties were covered by SSI at lower levels than those in more advantaged counties. More intensive outreach or reduced application burden may be necessary to ensure equitable access to social safety net programs in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.
Commissioning of Halcyon enhanced leaf model in the Eclipse treatment planning system: Focus on simple slit fields and VMAT dose calculation
Authors: Miyasaka Ryohei , Shirai Mari , Igari Mitsunobu , Kojima Yume , Kozawa Yuki , Kawachi Toru , Hara Ryusuke 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeThe dual‐layer multileaf collimator (MLC) in Halcyon adds complexities to the dose calculation process owing to the variability of dosimetric characteristics with leaf motion. Recently, an enhanced leaf model (ELM) was developed to refine the MLC model in the Eclipse treatment planning system. This study investigates the performance of the Halcyon ELM by verifying doses for simple slit fields and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans.Materials and methodsDose calculations were performed with Acuros XB using the ELM. To commission the leaf–tip model, the dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) was calculated (referred to as DLGELM) and compared with Halcyon measurements. The DLGs were assessed under conditions both with and without leaf trailing between the MLC layers. The tongue‐and‐groove (TG) model was evaluated by comparing leaf–edge profiles and the outputs of the asynchronous sweeping gap. Furthermore, eleven VMAT plans were validated against chamber doses and Delta4 measurements.ResultsDLGELM demonstrated variation between layers, measuring 0.42 mm for the proximal layer and 0.23 mm for the distal layer, and showed a correspondence with the measured DLGs in 0.1 mm. Additionally, ELM reduced the discrepancy between calculated and measured DLGs when accounting for leaf trailing. In the TG model test, ELM calculations successfully mirrored the measured leaf–edge profiles. Moreover, the median dose difference between ELM calculations and chamber doses was −0.8% in asynchronous sweeping gaps. In the VMAT dose verification, the incorporation of ELM enhanced the target dose and resulted in a gamma pass rate (2%/2 mm) exceeding 95%.ConclusionHalcyon ELM considerably improved the accuracy of simulating actual leaf–tip transmission, both with and without leaf trailing, and it effectively accounted for the additional blocking caused by TG design. Furthermore, the introduction of ELM in Eclipse considerably enhanced the VMAT dose calculation. ELM addresses the limitations of traditional leaf models and reduces uncertainties in Halcyon dose calculations.
High‐Throughput Immunoassays for Cavin‐4 IgG: A Diagnostic Tool for Immune‐Mediated Rippling Muscle Disease
Authors: LaFrance‐Corey Reghann G. , Kherbek Haidara , Harinesan Nimalan , Milone Margherita , Paramasivan Naveen K. , Sarker Pallab , Knight Andrew M. , Karsten Carley , Dasari Surendra , Liewluck Teerin , Litchy William J. , Pittock Sean J. , Mills John R. , Dubey Divyanshu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCavin‐4 was identified as a potential autoantigen for immune‐mediated rippling muscle disease (iRMD). To validate this, we developed and tested various immunoassays, including a cell‐based assay (CBA), cavin‐4 recombinant protein ELISA, and multi‐peptide ELISA. Among 19 iRMD patients, all exhibited muscle rippling, and 13 had percussion‐induced mounding. All immunoassays demonstrated clinical and analytical specificities greater than 95%. The protein ELISA had the highest sensitivity (94.7%) and specificity (99.9%), outperforming CBA (sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 99.6%) and the multi‐peptide ELISA (sensitivity 79.0%, specificity 97.2%). Our results suggest that the cavin‐4 protein ELISA is a promising tool for high‐throughput clinical testing in iRMD.
Thickness Insensitive UV Blocking Layer Meliorating Carrier Extraction and Deep Trap towards Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Xianglun , Wang Xinkang , Zhang Jiafeng , Zhang Lianjie , Dou Yuejia , Zhang Kai , Huang Fei , Wang Jin‐Dou , Wang Jun , Chen Junwu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe photostability of organic solar cells (OSCs) is extremely crucial to their commercial application. Herein, double‐layered anode interface layer (DL‐AIL) with ultraviolet (UV) absorber BP2 is constructed by layer‐by‐layer processing to simultaneously improve power‐conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and photostability of OSCs. The DL‐AIL exhibits good UV absorbance and photon utilization due to the effective Förster energy transfer from BP2 to polymer donor. High electric conductivity, optimal work function, and improved surface roughness can be obtained as well. The DL‐AIL based devices also achieve higher PCEs with excellent thickness insensitivity, attributed to the remarkable increase on electric conductivity of DL‐AIL and reduced transport resistance. More intriguingly, even under irradiation in air by xenon lamp with UV band, an extrapolated T80 lifetime of the device based on DL‐AIL with 85 nm thick can reach 1306 h, which is approximately 54 times of that of PEDOT:PSS based device. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism of OSCs with different AIL is revealed by transient charge extraction, capacitance‐voltage and capacitance‐frequency. The incorporation of BP2 layer delivers improved charge carrier density and constrained deep trap in the aged devices. Consequently, this new finding demonstrates that the DL‐AIL strategy can promote the efficiency and long‐term stability of OSCs.
Carbon‐Sphere Supported Cu9S5/NiS2 Involving Inter‐Doping to Promote Fast and Stable Potassium Ion Storage
Authors: Wang Lu , Kong Zhen , Muhammad Mamoor , Wang Bin , Wang Fengbo , Jing Zhongxin , Qu Guangmeng , Yang Xiaofan , Feng Jinkui , Dou Jianmin , Kong Yueyue , Xu Liqiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPotassium ion batteries (PIBs) are highly anticipated beside lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the abundant K resources, comparable standard electrode potential, and high theoretical capacity & high energy density, while the large radius of K+ ion usually results in the anode materials challenged by structural collapse, sluggish kinetics, and fast capacity decay. Herein, a composite with Cu9S5/NiS2 nanoparticle (≈15 nm) uniformly inlaid on hollow carbon‐sphere (NCS) is designed, where the firmly anchored Cu9S5/NiS2 particle and sturdy carbon‐sphere skeleton synergistically endow high structural‐stability and satisfactory electron/ion accessibility for the NCS composite and inter‐doping for Cu9S5/NiS2 from the introduction of highly conductive copper have further improved the conductivity of NCS composite for conversion reactions during potassiation/depotassiation. The structural features enable the NCS electrode to achieve a high capacity of ≈600 mAh g−1 even at a mass loading of 3.76 mg cm−2, stable cyclic performance for 1500 cycles, and fast electrochemical kinetics in half‐cell, and the full‐cell has also demonstrated a high capacity of ≈600 mAh g−1 and long‐term cyclic performance for 550 cycles. The electrochemical mechanism has also been revealed experimentally and theoretically, providing an instructive strategy for the construction of highly stable and fast electrode materials for potassium ion storage.
Chiral Switch of Gadopiclenol: New Standards in MRI Probes
Authors: Napolitano Roberta , Guidolin Nicol , Boccalon Mariangela , Fringuello Mingo Alberto , Colombo Serra Sonia , Buonsanti Federica , Fretta Roberta , Demitri Nicola , Bényei Attila , Botta Mauro , Giovenzana Giovanni Battista , Tedoldi Fabio , Baranyai Zsolt 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a vital role in the accurate diagnosis of numerous human diseases and disorders, with Gd(III)‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) being used in ≈30%–40% of procedures, resulting in ≈30 million doses administered annually worldwide. The careful design of a rigid macrocyclic chelator featuring a highly hydrophilic periphery leads to the development of gadopiclenol, the first bis‐hydrated Gd(III)‐based MRI contrast agent, recently approved for clinical use by both the FDA and EMA. The stereochemistry of the coordinating arms is found to play a crucial role in the remarkable thermodynamic stability and inertness of the Gd(III)‐complex with the RRR/SSS‐stereoisomer of this heptadentate chelating agent, ensuring its safety in vivo. The exceptional stability of the most effective gadopiclenol enantiomeric pair (RRR/SSS), coupled with a relaxivity 2 to 3 times higher than that of currently used GBCAs, has enabled the use of reduced doses while ensuring non‐inferior image contrast.
Excited State Structure and Decay Rates for Aggregates
Authors: Shuai Zhigang , Sun Qi , Ren Jiajun , Jiang Tong , Li Weitang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTElectronic excited state in molecular aggregate or exciton states continue to attract great attention due to the increasing demands for applications of molecular optoelectronics and sensing technology. The working principle behind the application is closely related to the excited state structure and dynamic processes in molecular aggregate. In our previous review article (Aggregate 2021; 2: e91), we focused more on the molecular mechanism for aggregation‐induced emission process. Here, we are going to summarize our recent progress on theoretical investigations on the effects of excitonic coupling (J) and the intermolecular charge transfer (CT) on the excited state structure and dynamic processes. These are in general missing for molecular quantum chemistry studies. We will first present a novel definition of exciton coherence length which can present a bijective relation with the radiative decay rate and obviously we have clarified the confusion appeared in literature. Then, we will look at the CT effect for aggregate starting from a simple three‐state model coupled with quantum chemical calculation for molecular dimer and we focus on the intensity borrowing, which can turn H‐aggregate into emissive when the electron transfer and hole transfer integrals possessing the same sign and being large enough. We are able to propose a molecular descriptor to design molecular materials possibly possessing both high photoluminescence quantum yield and carrier mobility. Finally, we introduce our work on the modified energy gap law for non‐radiative decay rate in aggregates. We found there exist optimal J to minimize the non‐radiative decay loss.
Advances in the activity of resveratrol and its derivatives in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Peng Yaling , Zheng Xing , Zhang Si , Luo Zhongqin , Song Li , Chen Hongfei , Yao Xu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of human death worldwide, are diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels and include arrhythmias, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, and so on. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural nonflavonoid phenolic compound with antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, and cardiovascular protection functions. RSV has shown significant protective effects against CVD. However, RSV's clinical application is limited by its tendency to be oxidized and metabolized easily. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the RSV structure. This review will introduce the activity, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of RSV derivatives, and the mechanism of the action of RSV in CVDs in recent years.
Attentional Processing Biases in Young People With Binging and Purging Behavior
Authors: Freccero Aglaia , Burmester Victoria , Rodrigues Rachel , Gallucci Alessia , Nicholls Dasha , Simplicio Martina Di 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveBinging and purging are transdiagnostic features of eating disorders (EDs). Attentional biases (ABs) toward food and body shape cues and negative affect (NA) are associated with ED psychopathology. These ABs might also be present in people with subthreshold ED not meeting full diagnostic criteria. We investigated ABs to food and body shape cues and the interaction between ABs and NA in young people with binge/purge behavior (B/P group) and healthy controls (HC group). Our B/P sample consisted of individuals with threshold and subthreshold ED, including participants with BN, AN‐R, and AN‐B/P.MethodWe conducted two studies. Study 1 recruited n = 54 HC and n = 53 B/P participants aged 16–25, and Study 2 recruited n = 73 HC and n = 72 B/P participants. In Study 1, ABs toward food and body shape cues were compared between B/P versus HC participants using a pictorial dot‐probe task. In Study 2, ABs were compared between B/P versus HC participants after NA induction using the Cyberball social exclusion task. Indexes of attentional engagement and disengagement were computed.ResultsThere was a main effect of cue type on attentional engagement at 0.2 s (p = 0.006, = 0.075) and 2 s (p = 0.040, = 0.043), and attentional disengagement at 2 s (p = 0.006, = 0.077) in Study 1. Findings were not replicated following NA induction in Study 2. No main effect of group or group × cue type interaction was found.Discussion:Our results disagree with previous research supporting the importance of ABs toward food and body shape cues in young people with threshold and subthreshold EDs and suggest these might not constitute a relevant target in the treatment of ED behavior. However, due to a heterogeneous approach to measuring ABs and multiple types of AB being described in EDs, further research is needed to clarify whether ABs map onto transdiagnostic models of behavioral dysregulation.