bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of green tea on the cecal metagenome of mice fed either the AIN‐93 or Total Western Diet (637.16)
Authors: Ward Robert , Hintze Korry , Lefevre Michael , Benninghoff Abby , Li Minghao , Rompato Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of green tea supplementation on the cecal microbiome and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) when provided with different background diets. Mice (n=7 per group) were fed either an AIN‐93G or a Western (TWD) background diet with or without green tea extract. The TWD is a rodent diet formulated to match the macronutrient and micronutrient intakes of Americans. Mice were provided the diets ad libitum and green tea extract was supplied in the drinking water for 16 weeks. Cecal contents were collected at sacrifice, and the cecal microbiomes were determined by shotgun metagenomic analysis of DNA extracts using a Roche 454 FLX. Results of these analyses were processed through MG‐RAST to obtain both taxonomic and functional annotations. Results of these analyses indicate that mice provided the green tea had significantly lower body mass (p<0.05). Both the diets and the green tea extract affected numerous functional (KEGG) pathway and bacterial lineages. The relative number of sequences assigned to the genus Bifidobacterium was significantly higher in mice provided the green tea extract compared to water. Conversely, the relative number of sequences assigned to butanoate metabolism was significantly lower in mice provided the green tea. Cecal levels of acetate, butyrate and total SCFA were significantly lower in mice fed green tea. These results suggest green tea supplementation at least partially attenuated weight gain via effects on cecal SCFA generation.Grant Funding Source: College of Agriculture, Utah State Univeristy
Exposure of mice to high fat diet shifts gut microbiota community structure and alters microbial function in a diurnal manner (637.17)
Authors: Leone Vanessa , Hubert Nathaniel , Gibbons Sean , Zale Elizabeth , Musch Mark , Gilbert Jack , Chang Eugene 
Published: June 2021

Many organisms exhibit circadian rhythms (CC) based on a 24‐hour light/dark cycle. Evidence in mammalian systems highlights the dominant role of CC in maintaining health, in that development of diet‐induced obesity is associated with CC disruption. Studies also show that high fat (HF) diet‐induced gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity. Whether the gut microbiota exhibits its own diurnal patterns under healthy states that becomes perturbed under conditions of HF feeding has yet to be described. We hypothesized that HF diet‐induced gut microbiota exhibit altered structural and functional diurnal patterns that ultimately influence host metabolism. Thirty‐six individually‐housed adult C57/Bl6J male mice maintained on a 12/12 light:dark cycle were fed regular chow (RC) or HF diet for 5 weeks. Three mice per treatment were harvested over 24hrs at six time points. Assessment of cecal bacterial 16s rRNA V4‐V5 region via Illumina MiSeq showed MF diet resulted in significantly different α and β‐diversity community structure compared to RC. Diurnal variations in 16s structure were evident in both RC and HF communities, although significant differences over time were not achieved in either treatment. However, comparison of RC and HF cecal microbial community functional profiles via inoculation into Biolog GenIII plates (a spectrophotometric assessment of carbon‐based cellular respiration) showed that while RC and HF exhibited significantly different metabolic potential, only HF exhibited significant diurnal patterns. Together, the data suggest that HF diet alters community membership and only differences in diurnal community functional properties are exhibited. The role of the HF diet‐induced microbial functional changes on the development of obesity in the host remains to be elucidated.Grant Funding Source: Supported By NIDDK P30DK42086
Dietary fish oil increases neutrophil development and recruitment to the colon in colitis‐prone mice (638.1)
Authors: Duriancik David , Langohr Ingeborg , Gardner Elizabeth , Fenton Jenifer 
Published: June 2021

Fish oil, containing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, is generally considered to have anti‐inflammatory and immune suppressing properties. We have previously shown that dietary fish oil rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) resulted in exacerbated colon inflammation and progression to adenocarcinomas in Helicobacter hepacticus infected colitis‐prone mice. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of dietary fish oil on colon inflammation and immune cell changes in the absence of infection in genetically colitis‐prone mice. We employed immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis to characterized inflammatory cell development and infiltration in the colon of mice fed either 6% menhaden oil (MO) or a soy‐based control diet (CON). We observed increased neutrophil development in the bone marrow and spleen in MO compared to CON fed mice. Neutrophil percent in the colon increased from 1.6% in CON fed mice to 4.2% in MO fed mice. In addition, MO consumption altered the activation state and function of neutrophils. No differences in intestinal permeability as assessed by absorption of FITC‐dextran were observed, however fecal IgA increased with MO feeding. Interestingly, we observed differential responses to dietary fish oil depending on the gender of mice. Pre‐illness diet fatty acid content may have profound effects on IBD development in susceptible populations.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH RO3CA162427 to JIF
Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis) ethanol extract inhibits the adipogenesis by downregulating adipogenic transcriptional factors on the 3T3‐L1 adipocytes (642.6)
Authors: Kim Min‐Ah , Park Jeong‐Eun , Bae Cho‐Rong , Cha Youn‐Soo 
Published: June 2021

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential of Adzuki Bean Extract (ABE) in inhibiting the adipogenesis process in 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocytes and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms involved with their anti‐adipogenic effects. ABE did not cause any cytotoxic effect on 3T3‐L1 cell at 0.78 to 3.13 mg ml‐1. The pre‐adipocyte proliferation was inhibited in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Treatment with ABE resulted in a dose‐dependent reduction in TG accumulation with treatment of 1 and 2mg ml‐1, compared to the control. The mRNA levels of the adipogenesis‐associated genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, Glut4, FABP4, LPL) were significantly suppressed, while higher expression of lipolytic genes (ATGL, HSL) were observed in the treated group than the control. Overall, the anti‐obesity effects of adzuki bean extract demonstrated a potential dietary supplement capable of attenuating obesity. (This work was carried out with the support of “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development Project No. PJ009218” Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea)Grant Funding Source: supported by Rural Development Administration(PJ009218), Republic of Korea
CLA intake from dairy fat in healthy young adults: beneficial effects on serum metabolome (643.6)
Authors: El Bacha Tatiana , Nunes Juliana , Torres Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

Dairy fat is a rich source of the naturally occurring bioactive conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). We aimed to investigate the effects of dairy fat intake on serum metabolome in healthy young adults, in a CLA depletion‐repletion pilot study. Samples (n= 6) were analyzed in three sequential phases: (a) baseline; (b) at the end of an 8‐week period following a dairy fat restriction diet; and (c) at the end of an 8‐week period following a CLA‐repletion diet with regular dairy products and additional daily intake of 1.0 g of CLA from a naturally‐enriched butter. Serum metabolomic analyzes were carried out by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Serum citrate increased in the CLA‐depletion period and returned to baseline values after CLA‐repletion (P= 0.0072; repeated measures ANOVA). Inversely, serum creatine and creatinine increased after CLA‐repletion (P< 0.05). We also observed alterations in branched‐chain aminoacids, with a tendency to decrease serum valine after CLA‐repletion. The observed changes in serum metabolites suggest a beneficial effect of dairy fat and CLA on insulin sensitivity and, possibly, on glucose homeostasis. Taken together, our results indicate that intake of natural food sources of CLA promoted beneficial changes on serum metabolic profile of healthy young adults and also demonstrated that metabolomics is an useful tool for assessing concerted metabolic effects of dairy fat intake on human health.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPERJ, CNPq, CAPES (Brazil)
Effects of the menstrual cycle on the metabolic and vascular phenotype of healthy women (643.7)
Authors: Faustmann Gernot , Maimari Theopisti , Meinitzer Andreas , Tiran Beate , Öttl Karl , Gruber Hans‐Jürgen , Roob Johannes , Winklhofer‐Roob Brigitte 
Published: June 2021

Goals: In the EU‐funded FP7 project BIOCLAIMS extensive metabolic phenotyping of healthy subjects is performed to identify and characterize biomarkers of metabolic robustness. This study aims at elucidating changes in these biomarkers during the menstrual cycle.Subjects & methods: Healthy women (n=26) not taking hormonal contraceptives, aged 34±6.1 y, were investigated after an overnight fast at early (day 5.9±0.97, t1) and late follicular phase (day 12.0±1.82, t2), and mid (day 19.6±2.52, t3) and late luteal phase (day 25.2±2.12, t4). Time points of investigation were scheduled based on basal body temperature records prior to the study. Phenotyping included body composition (bioelectrical impedance), endothelial function (flow‐mediated dilatation, FMD), activation of p65, p50 and cRel subunits of transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (TransAM®), vitamin A, C, E, carotenoids, symmetrical (SDMA), asymmetrical dimethyl (ADMA) and homo‐arginine (HA) and human mercaptalbumin (HMA), all by HPLC, leptin, adiponectin by ELISA; lipid status; vitamin B12 and folic acid by clinical chemistry.Results: Significant differences between time points were observed for NF‐κB p65 activation (P=0.017), plasma ascorbate (P<0.001), B12 (P=0.002), folic acid (P=0.032), ADMA (P<0.001), SDMA (P=0.037), and HA (P=0.012), and LDL cholesterol concentrations (P<0.001), all significant for t1>t3, while FMD (P=0.011), leptin (P=0.024) and adiponectin (P=0.027) were significant for t3>t1. There were no significant changes in HMA, body composition and other variables.Conclusions: Follicular and luteal phase differentially affect the metabolic phenotype of healthy women. Changes between t1 and t3 can be explained by previously shown estrogen effects, including reduction of NF‐κB activation in primary human macrophages, enhanced leptin synthesis and improvement of FMD due to decreases in ADMA, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.Grant Funding Source: Supported by European Commission, FP7, contract 244995, and Austrian Government (bmwf)
Epoxy metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid inhibit angiogenesis and tumorigenesis (644.13)
Authors: Zhang Guodong 
Published: June 2021

Lipid mediators, which are signaling molecules produced from fatty acids by the actions of cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, regulate numerous biological processes including angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Unlike the signaling lipids derived from COX and LOX enzymes, the effects of the CYP‐derived lipid mediators on cancer are largely unknown. Here we show that epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs), which are the CYP epoxygenase metabolites of omega‐3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), inhibit angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis; while the corresponding metabolites from omega‐6 arachidonic acid (ARA), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), increase tumor progression. EDPs inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐ and fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2)‐induced angiogenesis in vivo, and suppress endothelial cell migration and protease production in vitro via a VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)‐dependent mechanism. When EDPs are co‐administered with a low‐dose soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, EDPs are stabilized in circulation and primary tumor growth and metastasis are reduced by ~70%. Contrary to the effects of EDPs, EETs increase tumor progression. Together, these results demonstrate EETs and EDPs as novel endogenous regulators of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, and suggest the CYP/sEH pathway as a novel therapeutic target for angiogenesis and cancer.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIEHS R01 ES02710 and P42 ES04699
Capsaicin sensitizes small cell lung cancer cells to the apoptotic effects of camptothecin (644.16)
Authors: Perry Haley , Brown Kathleen , Stevenson Cathryn , Rollyson William , Stover Cody , Dasgupta Piyali 
Published: June 2021

The administration of cisplatin is the cornerstone of SCLC therapy. Topotecan (a derivative of camptothecin) has been used as a second‐line therapy against SCLC. One of the major problems of SCLC therapy is that all the tumor cells do not undergo apoptosis upon treatment with chemotherapy and the residual cells contribute to the development of resistant disease. Therefore, agents that can potentiate the apoptotic activity of chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin could be valuable for SCLC therapy. The present study tests the hypothesis that capsaicin can sensitize human SCLC cells to the apoptotic effects of cisplatin or camptothecin. Caspase‐3 activity assays reveal that the combination of camptothecin and capsaicin displayed greater apoptotic activity than any of the compounds used alone. We verified these results using a second apoptosis assay and obtained similar results. Currently, we are testing the anti‐cancer activity of capsaicin and camptothecin in human SCLC cells xenografted in athymic mice. Our data foster the hope of novel combination therapies for SCLCs.Grant Funding Source: Supported by an NIH R15‐Area Grant, and a FAMRI YCSA Grant
Impact of vitamin A supplementation in low birth weight piglets similar to healthy weight piglets (645.17)
Authors: Heying Emily , Hovel Elizabeth , Tanumihardjo Sherry 
Published: June 2021

Current vitamin A supplementation methods for infants in vitamin A‐deficient populations have no specific dosing recommendations regarding birth weight. A proposed intervention is to administer 50,000 IU retinyl palmitate to newborn infants to reduce mortality risk. To investigate birth weight effects, low birth weight (LBW) piglets (1.5 kg) from vitamin A‐depleted sows were dosed with either 25,000 or 50,000 IU retinyl palmitate at birth to compare liver vitamin A reserves and overall vitamin A status. Blood collection occurred at varying time points after dose and piglets were killed at 12 and 24 h for organ and serum collection. Serum, liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, adrenals, and intestinal contents were collected and analyzed for vitamin A using HPLC methods. Both healthy weight and LBW piglets had significantly higher liver and kidney vitamin A concentrations than control piglets that received no dose (P = 0.0061 and <0.0001, respectively), but no significant differences between dose, weight, or time groups existed. However, total liver and kidney retinol was higher in healthy weight piglets (P < 0.0001). Vitamin A concentration in lung, spleen, and adrenal glands did not differ between any treated and control piglets. Serum retinol significantly increased with time for all treated piglets, regardless of birth weight (P = 0.005), but dose and weight had no effect on serum retinol concentration. In conclusion, healthy weight piglets stored more of the supplemental doses than LBW piglets.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Nutrition Unit at the World Health Organization.
Oral doses of α‐retinol track chylomicron delivery to crucial organs in a piglet model for newborn infants (645.18)
Authors: Riabroy Napaporn , Tanumihardjo Sherry 
Published: June 2021

α‐Retinol (αR) has utility in determining chylomicra trafficking of vitamin A to tissues given that it will not be recirculated in blood on retinol‐binding protein (RBP). In this study, αR was used as a chylomicron tag for short‐term uptake to investigate supplementation practices to newborn infants using a piglet model. The distribution of orally administered αR doses in extrahepatic tissues was assessed at varying stages of vitamin A depletion. Male piglets were taken from sows that were on a vitamin A‐depleted diet for two gestation and lactation cycles to deplete liver reserves of vitamin A over time. Piglets (n = 24/group) were orally given 26.2 or 52.4 µmol α‐retinyl acetate, the molar equivalent of 25,000 and 50,000 IU vitamin A, respectively. Tissues were collected and analyzed by HPLC. Lung, spleen, and adrenal αR concentrations peaked at 7 h post dose and by 7 d, αR was cleared from these tissues. This suggests that lung, spleen, and adrenal require chylomicron vitamin A to maintain concentrations. On the other hand, storage of αR in the liver peaked at 24 h and was mostly retained through 7 d. This indicates that αR was not utilized or transported via RBP. In serum, the majority of αR was in the ester form, which confirms that αR does not bind to RBP. Collectively, these data suggest that crucial organs need constant dietary intake to maintain vitamin A concentrations.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Nutrition Unit at the World Health Organization.
Consumption of 12 eggs per week for 1 year increases serum zeaxanthin concentrations but not other major carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinol in humans (645.25)
Authors: Aljohi Hasan , Dopler‐Nelson Mindy , Wilson Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Previous work has shown that egg yolk consumption yields increase bioavailability of lutein and zeaxanthin compared to dietary supplements. However, little is known of the effects of an egg‐rich diet on serum levels of the other carotenoids, vitamin A and vitamin E. This study investigated how a diet of 12 eggs per week for 1 year influenced serum carotenoid, tocopherol, and retinol concentrations in adults. A group of 45 adults were placed into either the intervention group (n=27; consumed 12 eggs per week for 12 months) or control group (n=18; consumed no eggs or high egg products for 12 months) after 6 weeks of an egg‐free diet. Serum carotenoid and vitamin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at baseline and 12 months. Seven day diet records were collected and analyzed on a monthly basis to help ensure the egg consumption protocol. Results showed that the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant increase (83%) in serum zeaxanthin concentrations after 12 months. A notable, but not statistically significant, increase in serum lutein concentration was also observed in the intervention group (52%) after 12 months. Although serum alpha‐carotene concentration did not change in the intervention group, it significantly increased in the control group (18%) after 12 months. No other serum carotenoid, retinol, or alpha‐ or gamma‐tocopherol concentrations changed significantly during the 12 months. The findings of this study suggest that egg yolk consumption does not significantly alter the serum concentrations of tocopherols, retinol, and carotenoids other than alpha‐carotene and zeaxanthin.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Egg Nutrition Center
Milling method affects zinc content of maize and health status of Mongolian gerbils (646.5)
Authors: Gannon Bryan , Tanumihardjo Sherry 
Published: June 2021

Micronutrient deficiencies, especially vitamin A (VA), zinc, and iron, are of global health concern. Biofortified (orange) maize has provitamin A carotenoids and can support vitamin A status. Different maize milling methods, e.g. whole grain (‘roller’) and degermed (‘breakfast’), are commonly used and affect mineral content. Zinc plays a role in vitamin A metabolism and therefore it is pertinent to evaluate their interaction. Orange and white maize was milled using two methods and analyzed for mineral content. Gerbil diets were formulated to have maize as the sole vitamin A and zinc source. A 3x2 factorial study was carried out with three VA levels (i.e., white maize ‐VA, orange maize ‐VA, and white maize +VA) and two milling methods (i.e., roller and breakfast). Gerbils were depleted on white maize for 4 wk, and then put on treatments for 4 wk. Gerbil weights and food consumption were measured. Gerbils were killed; serum, liver, and fur were collected for analysis. Diets varied significantly in zinc content between roller and breakfast (11.0 ± 0.6 vs 2.8 ± 0.8 µg Zn/g diet; P < 0.0001), which was reflected in liver zinc (28.6 ± 2.4 vs 26.9 ± 3.6 µg/g; P = 0.038). Gerbils on roller diet grew significantly more than those on breakfast (76.1 ± 7.0 vs 69.4 ± 9.0 g; P = 0.0025), while VA level had no effect (P = 0.70). Serum retinol had no significant treatment or interaction effects (P > 0.074), with dietary VA trending towards a significant effect and VA‐ gerbils having a higher serum retinol than VA+ gerbils. A simple choice of processing method showed a difference in growth and liver zinc content. Although breakfast meal is preferred for consistency, roller meal shows great potential as a nutritionally superior option for better population health.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH‐5T32DK007665 (BG) and Hatch WIS01528
Role of adaptive immune cells in the anti‐colitic effect of helminth antigen‐pulsed dendritic cells (650.17)
Authors: Matisz Chelsea , Wang Arthur , Sharkey Keith , McKay Derek 
Published: June 2021

Role of adaptive immune cells in the anti‐colitic effect of helminth antigen‐pulsed dendritic cells
Chelsea E. Matisz1, Arthur Wang1, Keith A. Sharkey1, Derek M. McKay1. Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.Helminth parasites have evolved as potent modulators of the host immune system. Epidemiological, experimental, and clinical trials report that infection with helminths can attenuate concomitant inflammatory disease. The role of dendritic cells (DC) in these protective immune responses has only recently been explored. The adoptive transfer of in vitro derived dendritic cells, when pulsed with antigens from the helminth Hymenolepis diminuta (HD), protect recipient mice against dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)‐induced colitis. The transfer of HD‐pulsed DCs (HD‐DC) is associated with reduced disease activity scores, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, improved histology damage scores, and increased IL‐4 and IL‐10 in stimulated splenocytes compared to DNBS only controls. As these cytokines are indicative of Th2 responses, we assessed the role of adaptive immunity in the protective effect of HD‐DCs. DCs were generated in vitro, treated with HD antigen for 24 hours, and transferred (106, ip) to wild type and RAG deficient mice, which lack T and B cells. DNBS colitis was induced 48 hours after cell transfer, and necropsies performed 3 days later. Significantly less DNBS‐induced disease was observed in WT animals treated with HD‐DCs, compared to RAG deficient mice treated with HD‐DCs (n=6‐12, 2 experiments; F(2,39)=8.45, p=0.001). HD‐DCs significantly suppressed colonic MPO in both WT and RAG deficient mice. These results suggest that while T and/or B cells are essential to the anti‐colitic clinical response driven by HD‐DC, they are not required for reduced granulocyte infiltration. Overall these experiments highlight the therapeutic value of helminth antigens, and their potential to program DCs to attenuate inflammatory disease.