bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CNN-based classification of fNIRS signals in motor imagery BCI system
Authors: Ma Tengfei , Wang Shasha , Xia Yuting , Zhu Xinhua , Evans Julian , Sun Yaoran , He Sailing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Development of a brain–computer interface (BCI) requires classification of brain neural activities to different states. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can measure the brain activities and has great potential for BCI. In recent years, a large number of classification algorithms have been proposed, in which deep learning methods, especially convolutional neural network (CNN) methods are successful. fNIRS signal has typical time series properties, we combined fNIRS data and kinds of CNN-based time series classification (TSC) methods to classify BCI task. Approach. In this study, participants were recruited for a left and right hand motor imagery experiment and the cerebral neural activities were recorded by fNIRS equipment (FOIRE-3000). TSC methods are used to distinguish the brain activities when imagining the left or right hand. We have tested the overall person, single person and overall person with single-channel classification results, and these methods achieved excellent classification results. We also compared the CNN-based TSC methods with traditional classification methods such as support vector machine. Main results. Experiments showed that the CNN-based methods have significant advantages in classification accuracy: the CNN-based methods have achieved remarkable results in the classification of left-handed and right-handed imagination tasks, reaching 98.6% accuracy on overall person, 100% accuracy on single person, and in the single-channel classification an accuracy of 80.1% has been achieved with the best-performing channel. Significance. These results suggest that using the CNN-based TSC methods can significantly improve the BCI performance and also lay the foundation for the miniaturization and portability of training rehabilitation equipment.
Annual Behavior of Electron Density and Critical Frequency Parameters During Maximum and Minimum Years of Solar Cycles 22, 23 and 24
Authors: Hamied Asma’a A. , Hadi Khalid A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, the annual behavior of critical frequency and electron density parameters of the ionosphere have been studied for the years (1989, 2001 and 2014) and (1986, 1996 and 2008) which represent the maximum and minimum of years in the solar cycles (22, 23 and 24) respectively. The annual behavior of (Ne, fo ) parameters have been investigated for different heights of Ionosphere layer (100 -1000) Km. The dataset was created both of critical frequency and electron density parameters by using the international reference ionosphere model (IRI-2016 model). This study showed result that during the maximum solar cycles the values of the (Ne) parameter change with altitude. Where the electron density increases with altitude, and its highest value reaches 400 km during the maximum solar cycles and 300 km during the minimum solar cycles, whereas the critical frequency indicates differences in values over different years and locations.
Local scour around a monopile in reciprocating tidal current considering the effect of water depth
Authors: Shi-Yang Yu , Xia Yue-Zhang , Wang Shao-Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite most of sea-crossing bridges and offshore wind farms being located in areas dominated by tides, researches about the effects of tidal current on the scour process around these buildings are still limited to this date. A three-dimensional sediment transport numerical model was established to investigate the local scour around a monopile under reciprocating tidal flow. The standard turbulence equation RNG (Renormalization-group) κ – ε was adopted to close the N-S equation and the finite difference method was applied to discretize the governing equation in the numerical model. Tidal currents were adapted by bidirectionally reversing sinusoidal currents. It showed in the results the scour pits grew periodically in the process of repeated scour and deposition with the change of the flow velocity and direction. Besides, it implied that tidal scour depth around the monopile deepened with the water depth, but the impact of water depth diminished gradually. The change of the maximum scour depth was less than 5% if water depth is more than 4 times pile diameter. It indicated that the scour depth around the pile will be almost no longer influenced by water depth if water depth is more than 4 times pile diameter. Therefore, the research results emphasize the significance of selecting suitable water depth conditions for the design process of offshore structures.
Enhanced wound healing using a 3D printed VEGF-mimicking peptide incorporated hydrogel patch in a pig model
Authors: Jang M J , Bae S K , Jung Y S , Kim J C , Kim J S , Park S K , Suh J S , Yi S J , Ahn S H , Lim J O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is a need for effective wound healing through rapid wound closure, reduction of scar formation, and acceleration of angiogenesis. Hydrogel is widely used in tissue engineering, but it is not an ideal solution because of its low vascularization capability and poor mechanical properties. In this study, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) was tested as a viable option with tunable physical properties. GelMA hydrogel incorporating a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mimicking peptide was successfully printed using a three-dimensional (3D) bio-printer owing to the shear-thinning properties of hydrogel inks. The 3D structure of the hydrogel patch had high porosity and water absorption properties. Furthermore, the bioactive characterization was confirmed by cell culture with mouse fibroblasts cell lines (NIH 3T3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. VEGF peptide, which is slowly released from hydrogel patches, can promote cell viability, proliferation, and tubular structure formation. In addition, a pig skin wound model was used to evaluate the wound-healing efficacy of GelMA-VEGF hydrogel patches; the results suggest that the GelMA-VEGF hydrogel patch can be used for wound dressing.
Poisson–Hopf deformations of Lie–Hamilton systems revisited: deformed superposition rules and applications to the oscillator algebra
Authors: Ballesteros Angel , Campoamor-Stursberg Rutwig , Fernández-Saiz Eduardo , Herranz Francisco J , Lucas Javier de 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The formalism for Poisson–Hopf (PH) deformations of Lie–Hamilton (LH) systems, recently proposed in Ballesteros Á et al (2018 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
51 065202), is refined in one of its crucial points concerning applications, namely the obtention of effective and computationally feasible PH deformed superposition rules for prolonged PH deformations of LH systems. The two new notions here proposed are a generalization of the standard superposition rules and the concept of diagonal prolongations for Lie systems, which are consistently recovered under the non-deformed limit. Using a technique from superintegrability theory, we obtain a maximal number of functionally independent constants of the motion for a generic prolonged PH deformation of a LH system, from which a simplified deformed superposition rule can be derived. As an application, explicit deformed superposition rules for prolonged PH deformations of LH systems based on the oscillator Lie algebra

h

4

are computed. Moreover, by making use that the main structural properties of the book subalgebra

b

2

of

h

4

are preserved under the PH deformation, we consider prolonged PH deformations based on

b

2

as restrictions of those for

h

4

-LH systems, thus allowing the study of prolonged PH deformations of the complex Bernoulli equations, for which both the constants of the motion and the deformed superposition rules are explicitly presented.
A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human volatilome
Authors: Drabińska Natalia , Flynn Cheryl , Ratcliffe Norman , Belluomo Ilaria , Myridakis Antonis , Gould Oliver , Fois Matteo , Smart Amy , Devine Terry , Costello Ben De Lacy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper comprises an updated version of the 2014 review which reported 1846 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified from healthy humans. In total over 900 additional VOCs have been reported since the 2014 review and the VOCs from semen have been added. The numbers of VOCs found in breath and the other bodily fluids are: blood 379, breath 1488, faeces 443, milk 290, saliva 549, semen 196, skin 623 and urine 444. Compounds were assigned CAS registry numbers and named according to a common convention where possible. The compounds have been included in a single table with the source reference(s) for each VOC, an update on our 2014 paper. VOCs have also been grouped into tables according to their chemical class or functionality to permit easy comparison. Careful use of the database is needed, as a number of the identified VOCs only have level 2—putative assignment, and only a small fraction of the reported VOCs have been validated by standards. Some clear differences are observed, for instance, a lack of esters in urine with a high number in faeces and breath. However, the lack of compounds from matrices such a semen and milk compared to breath for example could be due to the techniques used or reflect the intensity of effort e.g. there are few publications on VOCs from milk and semen compared to a large number for breath. The large number of volatiles reported from skin is partly due to the methodologies used, e.g. by collecting skin sebum (with dissolved VOCs and semi VOCs) onto glass beads or cotton pads and then heating to a high temperature to desorb VOCs. All compounds have been included as reported (unless there was a clear discrepancy between name and chemical structure), but there may be some mistaken assignations arising from the original publications, particularly for isomers. It is the authors’ intention that this work will not only be a useful database of VOCs listed in the literature but will stimulate further study of VOCs from healthy individuals; for example more work is required to confirm the identification of these VOCs adhering to the principles outlined in the metabolomics standards initiative. Establishing a list of volatiles emanating from healthy individuals and increased understanding of VOC metabolic pathways is an important step for differentiating between diseases using VOCs.
Numerical study of the compression property for Aluminium-based (Al-4% Cu) reinforced with different carbide particulates
Authors: Kahlol Kadhim K. , Aldhaidhawi M , Najee M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The compression characteristic of an (AL-4% CU) alloy reinforced with different particles (boron carbide, silicon carbide, and titanium carbide) was numerically studied. For this purpose, a model was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.1. Hence, three samples were selected and reinforced with carbide particles equal to 20 microns’ in diameter and then compared with that one not reinforced. An axial load of 20 Newton was applied for all samples from both sides. The results showed that the alloy (AL-4% CU) reinforced with boron carbide particles has the highest compressive resistance compared to the other reinforced particles. The elongation of boron carbide, silicon carbide and titanium carbide particles were 1x10−7mm, (1.3*10−7 mm) and (1.5*10−7 mm) respectively, while it was (5.5*10−8 mm) for not unreinforced particles.
Simulation of Energy Efficiency Measures for the Residential Building Stock: A Case Study in the Semi-Arid Region
Authors: Salih Kawar , Ledesma Gabriela , Saeed Zaid O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Global energy use has risen due to increased demands and inefficient grids in developing countries. Energy saving is detrimental in countries in which their energy supply capacity is lower than their demand. Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) can easily be incorporated in new buildings; however, existing buildings have limitations in geometry, orientation, and materiality which restrict their applicability. This research analyses the efficiency of applying several EEMs in the residential stock in hot semi-arid regions to reduce their energy demand. A typical residential house in Duhok, Iraq was selected as a case study. The EMMs efficiency was analysed using building energy simulation. As heating and cooling loads have similar contributions to the house thermal demand -with 56% and 44% respectively, the potential energy reduction considered both loads simultaneously. The optimal combination of EEMs can reduce the thermal load by 48.7%, while individual passive measures can only reduce the thermal load up to 16%. In urban scale, the energy reduction potential presented in this paper would represent a shift from a heating-dominated scenario to a cooling-dominated one. This in turn would aid in decreasing the energy demand during winter months in which the largest energy shortages in the city are registered.
Comparison of pier bridge design between AASHTO and Chinese codes
Authors: Aziz Hussein Yousif , Sultan Hussein Kareem , Abbas Basim Jabar , Alkateeb Raid Tarik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many codes are used in different countries to design different constructions including bridges. Using of suitable code is depending on the project requirements and safety. In this paper two different codes are used to design a pier bridge to show the differences and similarities between them in order to use the suitable one according to the needs of this design. The AASHTO code shows more safety compared to the Chinese code except pier design in bending and shear due the conditions in US country which needs more restricted conditions compared with that used in China. This has a considerable effect in Iraq to find the best code to be used because there is no an available special code. Another effect is taken into consideration in this study which is the effect of bridge pier collision due to impact loads which is necessary to show the suitability of the bridge design using the mentioned codes. This effect shows the need of more requirements in the design to be safe and resist the lateral loads effect.
Estimation of Trip Production Rates for Al Adhamiyah District in Baghdad city using Cross-Classification Technique
Authors: Alkaissi Zainab A , Alabbushi Sura Simak 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Trip generation is the first and the basic component in the four step of urban transportation planning studies. Baghdad city had limited work on this field despite its importance. This research focuses on estimate trip production rates of AL-Adhamiya district in Baghdad city as a case study and determine the household travel characteristics pattern According to the dataset from the field survey taking into consideration the socioeconomic factors. The study area divided into 3 sectors consisting of 28 zones, 2001 form collected by using two basic mechanisms, Household survey and questioner survey, then online survey had been used due to the circumstances that occurred in the country, beginning with the demonstrations down to corona Epidemic, which lead to close the vital facilities such as schools and universities. The collected forms have been processed and analysed by using cross classification Technique. The results of the study are considered as a data presentation that can be used as guidance for the local government agencies and researchers.
Results showed that the trip rate of the Studied Sectors was 5.9 trips/HH with 2001 house hold in the data set and total number of trips (11832), and the trip production effected by family size, age group, income level and car ownership. However, the increase in trip production duo to car ownership is not significantly big duo to the advantage of the study area location and its characteristics, which allows to use the different travel mode available in the districts such as walk and public transportation.
Enhancement Energy Absorption in Flat Slabs Using Slurry Infiltrated Fibrous Concrete
Authors: Ali Al-Salim Nabeel Hasan , Imran Shwalia Ali Sabah , Al-Baghdadi Haider M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, enhancing the energy absorption by using slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) in flat slab-column connection is studied. Eight specimens of reinforced concrete slabs identical in reinforcement and dimensions were tested, six of them were casted as a hybrid reinforced concrete slabs [normal strength concrete (N.S.C) and SIFCON] and the remaining two slabs were casted with a N.S.C as control specimens. SIFCON was casted monolithically with a N.S.C with a different thickness by a square shape of side length (0.5 d) at the center of the specimens, once at all the thickness of cross section of the slab (80 mm) and the others at half thickness (40 mm) either at compression or tension face of the slabs. Two types of fiber were used in SIFCON. All specimens were tested under the same condition by applied a vertical load downward through a square column with dimensions of (100*100*200 mm). The results showed that the use of SIFCON increasing the energy absorption for all cases with a varying percentage according to the location of casting SIFCON within the cross section of the slabs and the type of fibers which used in SIFCON. The enhancement in energy absorption due to using SIFCON with a square shape at center of slabs (155 mm) was ranged from 36.04% to 77.37% compared with the control specimens.
Loading Capacity Prediction of Rubberized Reinforced Concrete Continuous Deep Beams
Authors: Kadhim Ali Abdulameer , Kadhim Hayder Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Results of fourteen two-span continuous concrete deep beams were presented and discussed in this research. One sample was designed as a reference to be an ordinary reinforced concrete beam (ORC) while thirteen samples were made of rubberized concrete (RRC). The investigated parameters were the shear span/overall depth ratio (a/h) and the rubber replacement ratio with the fine and coarse aggregate. The volumetric replacement ratios were 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the fine aggregate while the coarse aggregate content was kept constant. The same replacement ratios were used for the coarse aggregate. Two shear span/overall depth ratios were used of 1.66 and 1.33.
All beams showed the main crack formatted diagonally between the intermediate support and the applied load, indicating a shear failure. The excluded results were compared with those calculated by the strut and tie methods (STM) of the American and Euro codes. It was found that the predicted results of the American and European standards were conservative with mean values of experimental/calculated results of 1.29 and 1.24, respectively. Additionally, the effectiveness factors of the STM suggested by different researchers have been examined. It was found that those approaches were incapable to reflect the effects of the size and amount of rubber used in this study. Therefore, another effective factor was recommended to meet the requirements investigated in the current study. A respectable convergence between the predicted and the experimental results was found in which the mean and coefficient of variation values were 1.004 and 1.158%, respectively.
A Novel Emulsion-Based Mixture (EBM) Containing Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag and Waste Alkaline Ca(OH)2 Solution
Authors: Dulaimi Anmar , Shanbara Hayder Kamil , Al-Mansoori Tariq 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Emulsion-based mixtures (EBM) attract less interest to use as a structural layer due to the weak mechanical performance, although it has environmental, economic, energy-saving benefits. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) activated by waste alkaline Ca(OH)2 solution is used in the present investigation to replace the conventional limestone filler in a new Emulsion-based mixture (EBM). The mechanical properties by means of indirect tensile stiffness modulus test of the EBM with the activated GGBS are examined and compared with those of EBM contained traditional limestone filler. The results indicate that the activated GGBS by waste alkaline Ca(OH)2 solution can enhance the ITSM in both early and mature ages. The hydration products can improve the bond strength inside the new EBM.
Application of SWARA Technique to Find Criteria Weights for Selecting Landfill Site in Baghdad Governorate
Authors: Majeed Raafat Ali , Breesam Hatem Khaleefah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) is one of multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM). SWARA used to define the weights of main criteria and sub-criteria for selecting landfill sites in Baghdad governorate for municipality solid waste. To control of the environmental pollution and the spread of municipality solid waste in irregular sites, SWARA was used for this matter. The alternative Landfill site selection must be properly selected in terms of environmental, social and geological criteria. The obtained results of this study, the most important criteria for selecting municipality solid waste landfill sites were determined. Based on that, the ranking weights of main criteria and sub-criteria for selecting the landfill site for solid waste in Baghdad governorate were founds.
The Effect of Geometrical characteristics and Space layout on the Efficient Thermal Performance in Residential Apartments
Authors: Younus Al-Mashhadani Shaymaa Salim , Al. Sanjary Hasan Abdulrazzaq Hasan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although many environmental studies contributed to understanding the thermal behaviour of residential buildings, they mostly focused on a set of design strategies that aim to reduce the consumed load by dealing with the building as a whole, without considering the characteristics of the parts and their internal distribution in the residential floor plan. Accordingly, the research aims (within the level of residential towers) to study the effect of the geometrical characteristics and the spatial layout of the apartment represented by the apartment layout system, its openness to the outside, and the geometrical characteristics of its spaces on the efficiency of its thermal performance and the extent of variation between its spaces. To achieve the goal, a thermal simulation was performed using the Ecotect2011 program on a selected sample of 12 apartments for local housing of various projects that cover with their characteristics the variations whose effects are required to be tested within the research objectives. The research came out with a set of conclusions that can give basic indicators to the designer in achieving higher efficiency of the thermal performance of a residential apartment and reducing the variance in the necessary air conditioning load between its spaces.
Methylene Violet Dye Adsorption Using Onion Skins: Kinetics and Isotherm Studies
Authors: Naser Ghazi F , Dakhil Ihsan H , Ali Ahmed H , Taha Alaa H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study examined the use of Onion Skins, an inexpensive adsorbent material, for removing the Methyl Violet dye which represents the main objective by using batch adsorption process to investigate and understand the adsorption behaviour, the kinetics and the equilibrium isotherm using a low-cost adsorbent. The study included the influence of contact time and the dosage of adsorbent experiment. The Onion skins was dried, cleaned and crushed. Batch experiments were applied to study the contact time effect using dye with an initial fifty milligram per litter concentration, and different amounts (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) gm of adsorbent were used to study the dosage effect. The batch experiment showed a good dye removal with 51.3% during the first 150 min and 54.03% using 1.0 gm of adsorbent. Three kinetics models were applied: Pseudofirst, pseudosecond order and adsorption model for intraparticle diffusion. Pseudosecond and intraparticle diffusion were highly fitted models with a correlation of 0.9998 and 0.9691 respectively. Isotherm study was applied using the Langmuir, Freundlich and BET model, Freundlich model was best fitted model with a correlation of 0.9945, which suggesting a multilayer adsorption.