bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current distribution of the Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine, Sphiggurus mexicanus, in Guerrero, México
Authors: Osorio-Rodriguez Angel Neftali , Vázquez-Arroyo Enrique , Almazán-Catalán José Alberto , Uriostegui David , Juárez- Agis Juárez- Agis , Garzón López Luis Alvin 
Published: June 2021

El puercoespín enano peludo mexicano Sphiggurus mexicanus está catalogado como amenazado por la ley mexicana y ha sido registrado previamente en el estado de Guerrero en tres ecorregiones terrestres. Sin embargo, todavía hay varias regiones sin información sobre esta especie. El objetivo de esta nota es proporcionar una descripción detallada de la distribución actual de S. mexicanus en el estado de Guerrero y llenar los vacíos de información de ocurrencia para las regiones poco estudiadas. Buscamos ocurrencias de S. mexicanus en repositorios electrónicos como Enciclovida, Naturalista y Global Biodiversity Information Facility, y en la literatura científica publicada para el estado de Guerrero. Adicionalmente, creamos una base de datos actualizada que incluye observaciones recientes e inéditas, tanto directas como indirectas (piel, restos óseos, excretas, púas, atropellados y cazados). Recolectamos un total de 59 registros de S. mexicanus, de los cuales el 24 % son ocurrencias extraídas de la literatura y los repositorios electrónicos recogidos en los últimos 60 años. Dentro de nuestra base de datos, 45 registros corresponden a 16 municipios de Guerrero; distribuidos en tres ecorregiones, la Sierra Madre del Sur tiene el mayor número (n = 26) de registros. Todos los avistamientos ocurrieron entre altitudes de 7 y 2,400 m y el 58 % (n = 26) de los registros corresponden a observaciones directas y evidencias de observaciones indirectas de las últimas dos décadas (2000 – 2020). Nuestros nuevos registros proporcionan el conjunto de datos más completo de la distribución de S. mexicanus en 11 municipios sin registros previos. Confirmamos su presencia en un total de 19 municipios del estado de Guerrero. La mayoría de nuestros registros provienen de bosques templados y selvas tropicales secas; sin embargo, hubo avistamientos ocasionales en tierras de cultivo. Nuestras observaciones corroboraron en su mayoría la dependencia de la especie de una alta cobertura vegetal, ya que fue encontrada comúnmente en hábitats arbóreos. Además, con base en los resultados obtenidos de las observaciones indirectas de individuos fallecidos y/o sus restos, las dos mayores amenazas para las poblaciones de S. mexicanus en Guerrero parecen ser la cacería y los atropellamientos (que resultan en muerte en carretera).
High-accuracy twist measurement based on the spherical wave Talbot effect for a bi-grid modulation collimator
Authors: Liu Shengrun , Xue Bin , Cheng Ying , Yang Jianfeng 
Published: June 2021

The bi-grid modulation collimator is a significant way for imaging
solar flares in hard x rays. It implements many subcollimators that
consist of separated grid pairs (so-called front grid and rear grid)
whose line orientations are parallel. However, when the twist of the
front grid with respect to the other will be induced during testing of
the bi-grid modulation collimator in the ground verification phase,
the line orientation of the grid pairs are no longer parallel.
Knowledge of the relative twist between the rear grid and the front
grid is very helpful in improving the imaging quality of the bi-grid
collimator. However, because of the wide spacing between grid pairs
and the requirement of high measurement accuracy, it is a challenge to
measure the relative twist. To meet this demand, a method based on the
spherical wave Talbot effect is proposed. The Talbot images of the
front grid and the rear grid are imaged on the same plane,
respectively, through two proper spherical waves. The relative twist
can be figured out through the angle between the stripes in the Talbot
images of the front grid and the rear grid. In experiments, the
measurement accuracy of the relative twist angle can reach 9 arcsec in
the range of 370 arcsec. It demonstrates that this method can
effectively measure the relative twist between the grid pairs with
very high accuracy.
Etched circular waveguide-based on-chip silicon mode-order converters
Authors: Qi Yi , Xu Yin , Zhang Bo , Dong Yue , Ni Yi 
Published: June 2021

Mode-order converters act as the vital higher-order mode sources for on-chip multimode applications. Here, we propose a silicon-based mode-order conversion scheme by leveraging etching slots on the circular waveguide. Through designing and optimizing the etching slots and circular waveguide, the mode-order conversion from input

T
E

0

mode to output

T
E

1

mode has been achieved with the mode conversion efficiency of 99.1%, modal crosstalk of

−

25.7

d
B

, and insertion loss of 0.21 dB, respectively, in a mode conversion size of

∼

8

µ

m

×

8

µ

m

(

T
E

0

-

T
E

1

). For the device fabrication, only one-step lithography and etching processes will be required, and the requirements of slot width (600 nm) and slot gap (1.49 µm) would be very beneficial for the device fabrication. Moreover, the proposed device scheme can also help achieve other higher-order mode conversions, such

T
E

0

-

T
E

2

and

T
E

0

-

T
E

3

, where their structural parameters and performances are also analyzed. With these features of relatively good device performance, compact size, easy fabrication, and functional scalability, we believe the proposed scheme would be applied in the on-chip multimode applications to enhance their transmission capacities.
Personalized prediction of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using an adaptive deep neural network
Authors: Kalweit Maria , Walker Ulrich A. , Finckh Axel , Müller Rüdiger , Kalweit Gabriel , Scherer Almut , Boedecker Joschka , Hügle Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Background
Deep neural networks learn from former experiences on a large scale and can be used to predict future disease activity as potential clinical decision support. AdaptiveNet is a novel adaptive recurrent neural network optimized to deal with heterogeneous and missing clinical data.

Objective
We investigate AdaptiveNet for the prediction of individual disease activity in patients from a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) registry.

Methods
Demographic and disease characteristics from over 9500 patients and 65.000 visits from the Swiss Quality Management (SCQM) database were used to train and evaluate the network. Patient characteristics, clinical and patient reported outcomes, laboratory values and medication were used as input features. DAS28-BSR served as a target to predict active RA and future numeric individual disease activity by classification and regression.

Results
AdaptiveNet predicted active disease defined as DAS28-BSR >2.6 at the next visit with an overall accuracy of 75.6% (SD +- 0.7%) and a sensitivity and specificity of 84.2% (SD +- 1.6%) and 61.5% (SD +- 3.6%), respectively. Prediction performance was significantly higher in patients with a disease duration >3 years and positive rheumatoid factor. Regression allowed forecasting individual DAS28-BSR values with a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.9 (SD +- 0.05). This corresponds to a 8% deviation between estimated and real DAS28-BSR values. Compared to linear regression, random forest and support vector machines, AdaptiveNet showed an increased performance of over 7% in MSE. Medication played a minor role in the prediction of RA disease activity.

Conclusion
AdaptiveNet has a superior capacity to predict numeric RA disease activity compared to classical machine learning architectures. All investigated models had limitations in low specificity.
Variation in Antioxidant Activity and Antioxidant Constituents of Thymus Serpyllum L Grown in Different Climatic Conditions of Uttarakhand Himalayas
Authors: Goyal Shweta , Pandey H.K. , Guleria Kritika , Tewari Geeta 
Published: June 2021

In-vitro antioxidant activity of therapeutically important plant Thymus serpyllum L. grown at different altitudes viz. foothill areas, lower Himalayan and higher Himalayan regions were evaluated against various radicals such as DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays. The antioxidant constituents like total phenols, flavonoids and total tannins were also evaluated in the present study. The results revealed that the alcoholic, as well as the aqueous extracts of the plant, showed significant antioxidant potential against all the radicals. Extracts obtained from different altitude cultivation showed variation in IC50 values. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts prepared from the plants grown at foothill areas (Haldwani) showed the highest DPPH (IC50: ALC-0.566 mg/ml; AQ- 0.778 mg/ml), ABTS (IC50: ALC- 0.484 mg/ml; AQ- 0.533 mg/ml) and reducing power (EC50: ALC- 0.29 mg/ml; 0.42 mg/ml) activities, followed by high altitude cultivated plants, (Auli), with moderate antioxidant activity. The extracts from mid-altitude cultivation (Pithoragarh) exhibited the least antioxidant potential. The results showed that the amount of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly correlated to the antioxidant activity. Higher the value of phenolics (TS3: 12.63mg CE/g> TS1: 11.51 mg CE/g> TS2: 10.70 mg CE/g) and flavonoids (TS3: 9.30 mg QE/g> TS1: 9.07mg QE/g> TS2: 6.59mg QE/g) in the extracts, greater was the antioxidant activity. Therefore, T. serpyllum grown in foothill areas was more beneficial in preparing various herbal formulations.
Evaluation of Phyto Chemical Biochemical and In Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Angelica Glauca Grown at High Altitude Areas of Western Himalayas
Authors: Arya Swati , Pandey H.K. , Singh A. , Meena H.S. , Bala M. 
Published: June 2021

Angelica glauca Edgew is an important medicinal and aromatic herb (family Apiaceae). The roots of A. glauca commonly used as spices by local peoples. In the present study, the phytochemical constituents, biochemical parameters and, in-vitro antioxidant activity of A. glauca roots collected from the Himalayan region have been studied. For preliminary phytochemical analysis, the hydroalcoholic and aqueous root extract of Angelica glauca were screened for the presence of carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, glycosides, sterols, triterpenes, saponin, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and coumarin. The biochemical parameter and in-vitro antioxidant potential of Angelica glauca were analysed by using standard methods. Phytochemical analysis of extract showed major classes of phytochemicals constituents such as carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, glycosides, sterols, triterpenes, saponin, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and coumarin. The results from the current study demonstrated that A.glauca roots contained carbohydrate (21±0.72 %), crude protein (12.7±0.31 %), total ash (3.86±0.034 %), dietary fiber (18.9±0.14 %), total fat (4.5±0.38 %) and ascorbic acid (68.5±0.19mg/100g). The hydroalcoholic extract showed the highest quantity of total phenol, total flavonoids, and total tannin content compared to aqueous extract. The hydroalcoholic extract exhibited high DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50=68.1±0.34 µg/ml). The result showed that A.glauca roots have high nutritional and antioxidant potential. Hence the plant can be used as a nutraceutical and natural antioxidant.
Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Some Medicinal Plants and their Combination in Albino Mice
Authors: Joshi Tanuj , Juyal Vijay 
Published: June 2021

Medicinal plants find use across different cultures in the world. People have derived numerous benefits by using various plants for centuries. Herbal drugs are supposed to be safe, but there are chances these might cause toxicity and other complications. Thus toxicity studies are essential for a medicinal plant before being used in humans. The present research revolves around studying the acute toxicity of Ocimum kilimandscharicum, Thymus serpyllum, Spilanthes acmella and their combination in equal ratio (COMB). For preparing the combination of extracts, the ethanolic extracts of the three plants were combined in equal amounts and administered to the animals. The acute toxicity study was carried out according to OECD (The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guideline 423 for acute toxicity. The animals were divided into four groups each containing three animals each. These groups were respectively administered ethanolic extract of O. kilimandscharicum, T. serpyllum, S. acmella and COMB in a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for signs of toxicity and mortality at durations specified by OECD. The results demonstrated that extracts of the three medicinal plants used in the study and their combination were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg.
Maurer-Cartan equation in the DGLA of graded derivations
Authors: de Bartolomeis Paolo , Iordan Andrei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Let M be a smooth manifold and D = ℒΨ+𝒥Ψ a solution of the Maurer-Cartan equation in the DGLA of graded derivations D* (M) of differential forms on M, where Ψ, Ψ are differential 1-form on M with values in the tangent bundle TM and ℒΨ, 𝒥Ψ are the d
* and i
* components of D. Under the hypothesis that IdT
(
M
) + Ψ is invertible we prove that

Ψ
=
b

(
Ψ
)

=
-

1

2
_

(

I

d

T
M

+
Ψ

)

-
1

∘

[

Ψ
,
Ψ

]

ℱ
𝒩

{\rm{\Psi = }}b\left( {\rm{\Psi }} \right) = - {1 \over {}}{\left( {I{d_{TM}} + {\rm{\Psi }}} \right)^{ - 1}} \circ {\left[ {{\rm{\Psi }},{\rm{\Psi }}} \right]_{\mathcal{F}\mathcal{N}}}

, where [·, ·]𝒡𝒩 is the Frölicher-Nijenhuis bracket. This yields to a classification of the canonical solutions e

Ψ
= ℒ
Ψ
+𝒥b
(

Ψ

) of the Maurer-Cartan equation according to their type: e

Ψ
is of finite type r if there exists r∈ 𝒩 such that Ψr∘ [Ψ, Ψ]𝒡𝒩 = 0 and r is minimal with this property, where [·, ·]𝒡𝒩 is the Frölicher-Nijenhuis bracket. A distribution ξ ⊂TM of codimension k ⩾ 1 is integrable if and only if the canonical solution e

Ψ
associated to the endomorphism Ψ of TM which is trivial on ξ and equal to the identity on a complement of ξ in TM is of finite type ⩽ 1, respectively of finite type 0 if k = 1.
Effect of Cr and Al alloying on the oxidation resistance of a Ti5Si3-incorporated MoSiBTiC alloy
Authors: Nan Xi , Hatakeyama Tomotaka , Ida Shuntaro , Sekido Nobuaki , Yoshimi Kyosuke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effects of adding Cr and Al on the oxidation behavior of a Ti5Si3-incorporated MoSiBTiC alloy (46Mo–28Ti–14Si–6C–6B, at%) were investigated at 800 and 1,100°C. The addition of Cr and Al largely improved the oxidation resistance of the MoSiBTiC alloy at 800°C due to the formation of Cr2(MoO4)3 and Al2(MoO4)3 in the oxide scales. These protective molybdates mainly formed on the molybdenum solid solution (Moss) and Mo3Si phases that show poor oxidation resistance in the Cr- and Al-free alloy and consequently increased the oxidation resistance of the alloys. However, accelerated oxidation occurred on the 10Al alloy after the long-term oxidation test, suggesting that the formed oxide scale has limited protection ability. At 1,100°C, the addition of Cr and Al also enhanced the oxidation resistance to some extent by forming Cr2O3 and Al2O3 in the oxide scales.
Calculation of the gradient of Tikhonov’s functional in solving coefficient inverse problems for linear partial differential equations
Authors: Leonov Alexander S. , Sharov Alexander N. , Yagola Anatoly G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A fast algorithm for calculating the gradient of the Tikhonov functional is proposed for solving inverse coefficient problems for linear partial differential equations of a general form by the regularization method.
The algorithm is designed for problems with discretized differential operators that linearly depend on the desired coefficients.
When discretizing the problem and calculating the gradient, it is possible to use the finite element method.
As an illustration, we consider the solution of two inverse problems of elastography using the finite element method: finding the distribution of Young’s modulus in biological tissue from data on its compression and a similar problem of determining the characteristics of local oncological inclusions, which have a special parametric form.
Adaptive intelligent learning approach based on visual anti-spam email model for multi-natural language
Authors: Mohammed Mazin Abed , Ibrahim Dheyaa Ahmed , Salman Akbal Omran 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spam electronic mails (emails) refer to harmful and unwanted commercial emails sent to corporate bodies or individuals to cause harm. Even though such mails are often used for advertising services and products, they sometimes contain links to malware or phishing hosting websites through which private information can be stolen. This study shows how the adaptive intelligent learning approach, based on the visual anti-spam model for multi-natural language, can be used to detect abnormal situations effectively. The application of this approach is for spam filtering. With adaptive intelligent learning, high performance is achieved alongside a low false detection rate. There are three main phases through which the approach functions intelligently to ascertain if an email is legitimate based on the knowledge that has been gathered previously during the course of training. The proposed approach includes two models to identify the phishing emails. The first model has proposed to identify the type of the language. New trainable model based on Naive Bayes classifier has also been proposed. The proposed model is trained on three types of languages (Arabic, English and Chinese) and the trained model has used to identify the language type and use the label for the next model. The second model has been built by using two classes (phishing and normal email for each language) as a training data. The second trained model (Naive Bayes classifier) has been applied to identify the phishing emails as a final decision for the proposed approach. The proposed strategy is implemented using the Java environments and JADE agent platform. The testing of the performance of the AIA learning model involved the use of a dataset that is made up of 2,000 emails, and the results proved the efficiency of the model in accurately detecting and filtering a wide range of spam emails. The results of our study suggest that the Naive Bayes classifier performed ideally when tested on a database that has the biggest estimate (having a general accuracy of 98.4%, false positive rate of 0.08%, and false negative rate of 2.90%). This indicates that our Naive Bayes classifier algorithm will work viably on the off chance, connected to a real-world database, which is more common but not the largest.
Crystal structure of 6-oxo-4-phenyl-1-propyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile, C15H14N2O
Authors: Shi Bei-Chen , Chen Hao-Dong , Zhu Xian-Dui , Zhang Meng-Meng , Zhang Zhi-Fei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
C15H14N2O, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.6510(15) Å, b = 11.465(2) Å, c = 14.526(3) Å, V = 1274.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0422, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1199, T = 296 K.
Accountability beyond Corporations: The Applicability of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises to Non-profit Organisations
Authors: Carolei Domenico 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to investigate the degree to which the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises – meant for businesses – apply to Non-Profit Organisations’ (NPOs) operations and accountability. Based on a legal analysis of complaints handled by the National Contact Points (NCPs) in Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom against NPOs, this paper shows that OECD Guidelines apply to certain types of NPOs, even if these organisations are by nature non-profit. It presents three conditions under which the OECD Guidelines can apply to NPOs: first, the NPO needs to operate in at least two countries; second, it must operate within a signatory state of the OECD Guidelines; and third, the OECD Guidelines violation must have occurred in relation to the business-activity of the NPO.
Cuestión de aguas: poder estatal, gestión y conflictos por el agua en el municipio de Zamora (México) a finales del siglo XIX
Authors: Velasco-Pedraza Julian , Brangier Víctor 
Published: June 2021

Este artículo aborda el problema de la gestión y los conflictos por el agua de regadío en un municipio mexicano a finales del siglo XIX. Bajo los conceptos de “poder infraestructural” del Estado y el de “sistemas de agua”, examina las repercusiones de la legislación que extendió el poder federal sobre los recursos naturales de la nación frente a otras normatividades y costumbres sociales. Mediante la interpretación de documentos de la prefectura de Zamora se analiza el papel jugado por las leyes federales, estatales y locales para el aprovechamiento del agua. Luego, se observan los acuerdos sociales para distribuir el acceso al líquido y la limpieza de acequias, los cuales debieron ponerse por escrito por parte del ayuntamiento. Esto evitaba conflictos, los resolvía o castigaba los incumplimientos. Se demuestra que la nueva legislación federal debió abrirse camino en medio de regulaciones municipales y locales que ya eran relevantes para una zona con progresiva expansión agrícola. Tal actividad demandó cada vez más acceso al agua de regadío, generando enfrentamientos entre los usuarios. Fue un contexto de suma complejidad en la gestión del agua en la que confluyeron factores logísticos, técnicos, administrativos, económicos y sociales que se ponderan en el artículo.
Treatment of recurrent cystitis during the post-COVID-19 recovery: a case report
Authors: Chukhlyaev P. V. , Khavkina D. A. , Ruzhentsova T. A. 
Published: June 2021

In the modern literature on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), much attention is paid to patients with a severe clinical course. But no less important is the recovery after disease. The first wave outcomes showed the significance of recovery period in such patients. Intensive drug therapy of COVID-19 increases the risk of iatrogenic complications, while the often long-term healing process is associated with a decrease in immune response, which activates latent infections and opportunistic pathogens. This necessitates an individual therapy selection, especially for elderly patients with comorbidities. The drugs of choice in such a situation should be as effective and safe as possible.The paper presents a case report of managing recurrent cystitis that developed during the post-COVID-19 recovery. The need for an additional search and assessing the significance of the revealed etiology, an integrated approach with the appointment of a broad-spectrum antiviral drug and a bacteriophage therapy is presented.
Hypoxic training in qualified athletes
Authors: Grushin A. A. , Nageikina S. V. 
Published: June 2021

The paper presents the results of studies on the use of hypoxic training in athletes as a factor increasing physical performance.The article considers the use of altitude tents and hypoxic generators to create an artificial hypoxic environment in which an athlete spends time during night sleep and daytime rest.This work was aimed at testing an integrative approach to organizing the long-term training according to the Live High/Train Low method for qualified cross-country skiing athletes. Depending on the tasks and the availability of equipment, two options of artificial hypoxia are considered:Incrementally increasing hypoxic exposure without taking into account the individual athlete’s characteristics.Variable hypoxic exposure, taking into account individual characteristics.