bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Utilization of Smartphone Applications for Smoking Cessation Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: Results From the iCanQuit Trial
Authors: Santiago-Torres Margarita , Mull Kristin E , Sullivan Brianna M , Kwon Diana M , Nez Henderson Patricia , Nelson Lonnie A , Patten Christi A , Bricker Jonathan B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
There is tremendous need for efficacious and accessible interventions for smoking cessation among American Indians and Alaska Natives. We tested the efficacy of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based smartphone application (iCanQuit) versus US Clinical Practice Guidelines-based smartphone application (QuitGuide) for smoking cessation among American Indians and Alaska Natives.

Aims and Methods
We compared cessation, changes in ACT-based processes, engagement and satisfaction between American Indian and Alaska Native iCanQuit (n = 89) and QuitGuide (n = 80) participants enrolled in the iCanQuit trial. The primary outcome was self-reported, complete-case, 30-day point-prevalence abstinence. Follow-up timepoints were 12, 6, and 3 months.

Results
Randomized American Indians and Alaska Natives from 31 US states (70% urban, 30% rural, with 25% of participants residing on tribal land). The outcome data retention rates were 93%, 92%, and 90% at the 12-, 6-, and 3-month follow-ups, respectively, with no differential retention between arms. The 30-day point-prevalence abstinence for iCanQuit versus QuitGuide was 30% versus 18% at 12 months (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90 to 4.26) 25% versus 11% at 6 months (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.06 to 6.45), and 15% versus 6% at 3 months (OR = 2.93; 95% CI: 0.90 to 9.59). Increases in acceptance of internal cues to smoke mediated the effect of treatment on smoking cessation at 12 months. iCanQuit arm participants were also significantly more engaged and satisfied with their assigned application.

Conclusions
In a nationwide sample with high data retention and participant engagement, this is the first study to show that a digital intervention may be efficacious for helping American Indians and Alaska Natives quit smoking.

Implications
This is the first study to provide evidence of an efficacious, accessible, and engaging treatment for helping American Indians and Alaska Natives quit smoking. Compared to a US Clinical Practice Guidelines-based smartphone application (QuitGuide), an ACT-based smartphone application (iCanQuit) was more efficacious, engaging, and satisfactory among American Indians and Alaska Natives nationwide. Our results will inform the tailoring of the iCanQuit smartphone application for American Indian and Alaska Native tribal communities and organizations with potential for broad dissemination and high impact.
The role of vitamin B12 in viral infections: a comprehensive review of its relationship with the muscle–gut–brain axis and implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Batista Kamila S , Cintra Vanessa M , Lucena Paulo A F , Manhães-de-Castro Raul , Toscano Ana E , Costa Larissa P , Queiroz Maria E B S , de Andrade Suellen M , Guzman-Quevedo Omar , Aquino Jailane de S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This comprehensive review establishes the role of vitamin B12 as adjunct therapy for viral infections in the treatment and persistent symptoms of COVID-19, focusing on symptoms related to the muscle–gut–brain axis. Vitamin B12 can help balance immune responses to better fight viral infections. Furthermore, data from randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis indicate that vitamin B12 in the forms of methylcobalamin and cyanocobalamin may increase serum vitamin B12 levels, and resulted in decreased serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine concentrations, and decreased pain intensity, memory loss, and impaired concentration. Among studies, there is much variation in vitamin B12 doses, chemical forms, supplementation time, and administration routes. Larger randomized clinical trials of vitamin B12 supplementation and analysis of markers such as total vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin, total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, total folic acid, and, if possible, polymorphisms and methylation of genes need to be conducted with people with and without COVID-19 or who have had COVID-19 to facilitate the proper vitamin B12 form to be administered in individual treatment.
The relative importance of work-related psychosocial factors in physician burnout
Authors: Gluschkoff K , Hakanen J J , Elovainio M , Vänskä J , Heponiemi T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Identifying the most significant risk factors for physician burnout can help to define the priority areas for burnout prevention. However, not much is known about the relative importance of these risk factors.

Aims
This study was aimed to examine the relative importance of multiple work-related psychosocial factors in predicting burnout dimensions among physicians.

Methods
In a cross-sectional sample of 2423 Finnish physicians, dominance analysis was used to estimate the proportionate contribution of psychosocial factors to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. The psychosocial factors included job demands (time pressure, patient-related stress, lack of support, stress related to information systems, work–family conflict) and job resources (job control, team climate, organizational justice).

Results
Together, psychosocial factors explained 50% of the variance in emotional exhaustion, 24% in depersonalization and 11% in reduced professional efficacy. Time pressure was the most important predictor of emotional exhaustion (change in total variance explained ΔR2 = 45%), and patient-related stress was the most important predictor of both depersonalization (ΔR2 = 52%) and reduced professional accomplishment (ΔR2 = 23%). Stress related to information systems was the least important predictor of the burnout dimensions (ΔR2 = 1–2%).

Conclusions
Psychosocial factors in physicians’ work are differently associated with the dimensions of burnout. Among the factors, the most significant correlates of burnout are job demands in the form of time pressure and patient-related stress.
Germany
Authors: Herold Katharina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe idea of German decadence cannot be contained by a single term. Its temporal, linguistic, and geographical reach requires further definition and suggests a plurality of decadent forms. This re-definition also includes a revisionary view of the perception of German decadence as understood by predominantly male writers and artists. This article addresses these issues by focusing on the work of two female writers, Franziska zu Reventlow (1871–1918) and Ruth Landshoff-Yorck (1904–1966), whose cultural activities span the two most significant eras of German decadence, the Wilhelmine Empire (1890–1918) and the Weimar Republic (1918–1933). Both participated in the bohemian lifestyles of their respective eras, but they also produced a body of writing in a range of literary genres that brought fresh gender perspectives to a culture of decadence otherwise dominated by male authors. Together, the two women help to clarify the paradoxically vitalist nature of German decadence.
Social Organization, Macro Phenomena, and Symbolic Interactionism
Authors: McGinty Patrick J. W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the study of social organization within the interactionist perspective as a historically conditioned pursuit as well as a conditioning influence on the interactionist analysis of macro phenomena. The argument demonstrates that while the development of the social-organization concept helped to focus scholarly attention on the interactionist analysis of macro phenomena, the explicitly interactionist study of social organization and macro phenomena in contemporary sociology is suffering from a lack of attention—despite it having been a significant part of the interactionist toolkit from the earliest expressions of the perspective. The chapter identifies a number of the interactionist analyses of macro phenomena, and the chapter concludes with a set of directions for future development and reinvigorating of the interactionist analyses of social organization and macro phenomena.
The Peninsula Campaign and Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley, 1862
Authors: Stowe Christopher S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The 1862 Peninsula and Shenandoah Valley campaigns were transformative events for those who experienced the escalation of the Civil War in both size and scope. Its battles, the first in Virginia employing mass, people’s armies, marked the emergence of the famed command relationship between Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee and Maj. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson. For the Federals, the operations exacerbated differences between Northern radicals and the Union’s principal eastern commander, Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan. Adhering to the early war policy of conciliation in the occupied South, McClellan and other federal officers and soldiers confronted a resistant White population, engendering retaliation from Union troops, while African American slaves flocked to Northern arms for protection and support. This, when coupled with Jackson’s stunning battlefield victories in the Shenandoah Valley and McClellan’s painstaking operational approach upon the Peninsula, frustrated President Abraham Lincoln and sharpened the ongoing debate over federal confiscation policy and emancipation.
The Battle of Fredericksburg
Authors: Myers Barton A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The December 13, 1862, Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia, marked the defeat of Union Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside’s Army of the Potomac by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, an important setback for the Union cause and military effort to seize the Confederate capital city of Richmond, Virginia. The battle and military campaign preceding it, which occurred primarily along the Rappahannock River at the city of Fredericksburg and in adjacent Stafford and Spotsylvania counties, was the most lopsided victory the Army of Northern Virginia achieved during the American Civil War, with the Union Army sustaining combat casualties equivalent to more than double those suffered by Confederates. The campaign also saw the use of urban combat, military occupation, and the direct role of civilians at the center of the November and December military maneuvers around the city, which was positioned approximately equidistant between Washington, D.C., and Richmond. Principal battle locations included the Confederate position of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet’s corps on Marye’s Heights behind the city, the Union artillery position on Stafford Heights, the position of Lt. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s Confederate corps at Prospect Hill south of the city of Fredericksburg, and the Rappahannock River itself, which was crossed only after Union engineers built a pontoon bridge under fire. The campaign is noted for Union Army shelling of the city itself as a military position, the failed, multiwave Union infantry assaults against fortified positions, and the destruction of property on December 12 as the town itself was sacked.
Grant’s North Mississippi Campaign, Chickasaw Bayou, and the Bottomlands
Authors: Hess Earl J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s North Mississippi Campaign (November 1862 until January 1863) planted a powerful Federal army only a few miles north of Vicksburg. The most important Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River, Vicksburg was the key to control of the valley that split the Confederacy in two. Grant failed to capture it, but he opened a two-hundred-mile stretch of the valley from Memphis to Vicksburg for federal exploitation. From January to the end of April 1863, during the Bottomlands phase of Grant’s campaign, his men confiscated food and animals from the region, collected slaves as laborers and soldiers, and cared for Black women and children. Federal agents worked abandoned plantations with refugee Black labor. Temporarily stymied in capturing Vicksburg, the Federals reaped benefits from the fertile Mississippi Delta land they occupied, broke down the institution of slavery, and made effective Lincoln’s new directions in war policy.
The Overland Campaign
Authors: Frank Lisa Tendrich , Simpson Brooks D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter recasts the military history of the Overland Campaign in ways that reveal the blurred boundaries between homefront and battlefront. The campaign, which took place in Virginia during spring 1864, began in the Wilderness and ended with Cold Harbor. Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant directed major elements of the U.S. Army in operations against Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. The contours of the fighting and its importance were shaped by the constant interaction of free Whites and enslaved African American civilians, men and women, as well as by the national political context in which Lincoln ran for and ultimately won reelection. As part of the campaign’s design, U.S. soldiers invaded homesteads, destroyed the landscapes of towns and farms, looted and foraged what they needed while they destroyed any surplus, and otherwise terrorized civilians by their presence. When the campaign ended, Grant’s forces had pinned Lee against Richmond and Petersburg, eventually leading to the capture of the Confederate capital the following April.
Industry Dynamics and Path Dependencies
Authors: Sydow Jörg , Schreyögg Georg , Endo Takahiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Industry dynamics are about stability and change on the field level of analysis. This chapter uses the lens of path dependence to study the emergent field of renewable energy. On this level of analysis, path dependence theory has to address not only technological but also organizational and institutional dynamics that intricately interact. More specifically, by means of such a multi-dimensional lens, this chapter will look at the increasing generation of electric energy through wind power to illustrate different industry dynamics in four countries. The United Kingdom and Japan will illustrate the persistence of an established path in generating electric energy through fossil fuels and nuclear, while the German and, more tenuously, Chinese cases serve as examples for path-breaking change and the conditions making the emergence of renewables, and in particular wind energy, possible.
Introduction
Authors: Foblets Marie-Claire , Goodale Mark , Sapignoli Maria , Zenker Olaf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides background information about the aims, objectives, and genesis of the Oxford Handbook of Law and Anthropology as a project of the Law & Anthropology Department, Max Planck Institute of Social Anthropology, Halle, Germany. The volume is structured around five thematic parts: Part I: Global Perspectives on Law and Anthropology; Part II: Recurring Themes in Law and Anthropology; Part III: Anthropology in Law and Legal Practice; Part IV: Anthropology at the Limits of Law; and Part V: Current Directions in Law and Anthropology. The introduction briefly presents each of these parts, sketching out common themes, major debates, and points of intersection and tension in the dynamic interaction of the disciplines of law and anthropology.
Russian Legal Anthropology
Authors: Stammler Florian , Ivanova Aytalina , Donahoe Brian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter traces the development of legal anthropology in Russia from imperial times to the present. The authors suggest an innovative research agenda based on thorough consideration of Russia’s long history of legal ethnography, a strong applied orientation, and interdisciplinary cooperation between legal scholars and anthropologists, which ideally would start from the conception of a research project and would include joint fieldwork. They provide a brief overview of the different types of studies of law and society in Russia that claim the name ‘legal anthropology’ (iuridicheskaia antropologiia, antropologiia pravo), but which in fact come out of different disciplines; have different approaches, aims, and orientations; and are not in conversation with one another. On the basis of their fieldwork, the authors identify two contrasting types of societies that exist among the Indigenous peoples of Russia: non-state societies (on the example of the Nenets in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) and almost-state societies (on the basis of the Sakha in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)). The examples illustrate why, in one society, non-state legal activity is pragmatically geared towards ‘getting things done’ and solving internal questions, while in the other there is a quest to contribute to legislative processes on a more general, countrywide level. Doing so also means mapping the cultural diversity of the current social life of legal systems that coexist within one state. This has both scholarly and practical value and can lead to wider recognition of legal anthropology as a unified field within and beyond academic scholarship.
Emotion, Affect, and Law
Authors: Clarke Kamari Maxine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter introduces perspectives within an emerging anthropology of emotion, affect, and the law, which traces how embodied emotional responses are mobilized socially and politically to reinforce the moral legitimacy of particular legalistic and technocratic solutions to the problem of violence in Africa. Taking the particular case of Dominic Ongwen, a convicted commander of the Ugandan Lord’s Resistance Army who was brought before the International Criminal Court for a range of crimes against humanity, we see the beginning of a trend to demonstrate methodologically an interrelationship between micro processes and macro and historical processes. This happens through a study of the emotive and affective processes that go into the making of individual ‘perpetrators’. But we also see that part of that process involves the necessary connection to the longue durée that makes such racial depictions immediately believable. Through an examination of both the psychosocial and complex historical and political conditions that underscore inter-generational trauma in postcolonial contexts, we see how the intersection of emotion, affects, and law has played out in the study of law and anthropology.
Greek Festivals in the Roman Era
Authors: Newby Zahra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Greek festival culture expanded in the period of the Roman empire, through the establishment of Greek-style festivals in Rome under Nero and Domitian, by their influence on the western provinces (Italy, Gaul and N. Africa), and through their continued vitality in the East. This was a period when control of festivals lay firmly in imperial hands and the headquarters of the athletic synod were moved to Rome. At the same time, Greek writers such as Pausanias suggest the enduring centrality of Olympia as the Panhellenic site par excellence, and new festival foundations were a popular form of Greek civic euergetism. This study explores the place that festivals played in the negotiations between Greek identity and Roman power, questioning whether the establishment of a new periodos challenged the traditional supremacy of Olympia, Delphi, Isthmia and Nemea, or rather reflected the emergence of an empire-wide culture based in part on the diffusion of Greek cultural values.
Local Festivals
Authors: Nijf Onno van 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The chapter will draw attention to the importance of some 500 known Greek agonistic festivals for local identity politics and for the networking of cities in the first three centuries ce. The chapter will establish the role of such festivals as ‘civic rituals’. They will be studied against a diachronic and comparative background focusing on the role of public ritual and ceremony as a feature of political culture in the pre-modern world. The study relies on documentary sources to shed light on issues such as organization, planning and financing. Finally the religious dimensions will be explored, both in the context of traditional civic cult, but also with special attention for their link with the imperial cult.
Etruscan Events
Authors: Thuillier Jean-Paul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sports are a well-represented motif in Etruscan iconography since the Orientalizing Period, with a predilection for horse racing and boxing bouts performed to music. Contrary to current opinion, Etruscan sport shows strong originality in comparison with a so-called Greek model on many points, such as technical aspects of chariot-racing, the status of athletes, the presence of women in public space; its influence on Roman ludi has been considerable. Beside funerary games organized in a gentilician or clan-based framework, the Etruscans also were acquainted with sacred games, in particular the Pan-Etruscan games in which the members of the League of Twelve Cities competed in the sanctuary of Voltumna at Orvieto.
Games in the Republic
Authors: Futrell Alison 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
From its earliest days, Roman spectacle served a range of social and political ends; even as these shared experiences solidified group identity and channelled public emotions toward positive ends, organizers, performers, and attendees also claimed these events as opportunities to advance individual ambitions, to press for greater access to public resources, and to assert the legitimacy of various narratives about Roman identity and power. Evidence for theatrical events is of particular interest, because of the intense verbal component in these shows. Elite leaders organized spectacle space to secure preferred messaging, to spotlight elite social dominance, and to restrict popular capacity to divert such venues toward the support of other class goals. Utilizing ritual habits of group expression, however, organized sub-elites in the audience worked to seize control of dramatic scripts, redirecting the stage narrative to refocus and challenge contemporary political discourse and reclaiming architectural messaging to undermine elite intentions.
Gymnasium and Bath
Authors: Fagan Garrett G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the Greco-Roman Mediterranean, gymnasiums and baths served complex social functions. More than simply places to cleanse the body or engage in exercise, these became venues for public spectacle, a purpose suggested by the design features and artistic decoration that went into the construction of these spaces. By the first and second centuries ce, in the Roman world spaces dedicated to exercise were fully integrated into multipurpose bathing venues. In their developed forms, the gymnasia and the baths were both places to view and display the body and to sustain ideological discourse focusing on youthful and dynamic physicality.
Serine/threonine kinase inhibition as antifibrotic therapy: transforming growth factor-β and Rho kinase inhibitors
Authors: Mendoza Fabian A , Jimenez Sergio A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSerine/threonine kinases mediate the phosphorylation of intracellular protein targets, transferring a phosphorus group from an adenosine triphosphate molecule to the specific amino acid residues within the target proteins. Serine/threonine kinases regulate multiple key cellular functions. From this large group of kinases, TGF-β through serine/threonine activity of its receptors and Rho kinase (ROCK) play an important role in the development and maintenance of fibrosis in various human diseases, including SSc. In recent years, multiple drugs targeting and inhibiting these kinases have been developed, opening the possibility of becoming potential antifibrotic agents of clinical value for treating fibrotic diseases. This review analyses the contribution of TGF-β and ROCK-mediated serine/threonine kinase molecular pathways to the development and maintenance of pathological fibrosis and the potential clinical use of their inhibition.