bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between algebraic and matrix‐free geometric multigrid for a Stokes problem on adaptive meshes with variable viscosity
Authors: Clevenger Thomas C. , Heister Timo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProblems arising in Earth's mantle convection involve finding the solution to Stokes systems with large viscosity contrasts. These systems contain localized features which, even with adaptive mesh refinement, result in linear systems that can be on the order of 109or more unknowns. One common approach for preconditioning to the velocity block of these systems is to apply an Algebraic Multigrid (AMG) V‐cycle (as is done in the ASPECT software, for example), however, we find that AMG is lacking robustness with respect to problem size and number of parallel processes. Additionally, we see an increase in iteration counts with refinement when using AMG. In contrast, the Geometric Multigrid (GMG) method, by using information about the geometry of the problem, should offer a more robust option.Here we present a matrix‐free GMG V‐cycle which works on adaptively refined, distributed meshes, and we will compare it against the current AMG preconditioner (Trilinos ML) used in theASPECT1software. We will demonstrate the robustness of GMG with respect to problem size and show scaling up to 114,688 cores and 217 billion unknowns. All computations are run using the open‐source, finite element librarydeal.II.2
Whom you connect with matters for transparency: Board networks, political embeddedness, and information disclosure by Chinese foundations
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Zhu Jiangang , Zheng Guanghuai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough the requirements for nonprofit transparency are increasing worldwide, the implementation of disclosure practices remains questioned. Drawing on social network theory, this study proposed that the size of and position in interlocking board networks can increase the propensity of foundations to promote transparency. It also hypothesized that political embeddedness, measured by the presence of powerful government officials, will negatively affect information disclosure. Using a short panel data set spanning 2,372 Chinese foundations, results showed that foundations with more board interlocks and occupying a brokerage position were more likely to implement information disclosure. However, when foundations were embedded with the government through officials, their transparency ratings were lower. It was further found that the effects of brokerage position and political embeddedness were more salient in public fundraising foundations than in nonpublic fundraising foundations. These findings therefore allude to the urgency that encouraging networking activities and democratizing the charitable field could heighten the diffusion of transparency.
Risk of COVID-19 in Patients with Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Klebanov Nikolai , Pahalyants Vartan , Murphy William S. , Theodosakis Nicholas , Zubiri Leyre , Klevens R. Monina , Kwatra Shawn G. , Lilly Evelyn , Reynolds Kerry L. , Semenov Yevgeniy R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the rate of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) among patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective study of 1,545 patients with cancer treated with ICIs between July 1, 2019, and February 29, 2020, and 20,418 age-, sex-, and cancer category-matched controls in a large referral hospital system. Confirmed COVID-19 case and mortality data were obtained with Massachusetts Department of Public Health from March 1 through June 19, 2020.

Results
The mean age was 66.6 years, and 41.9% were female. There were 22 (1.4%) and 213 (1.0%) COVID-19 cases in the ICI and control groups, respectively. When adjusting for demographics, medical comorbidities, and local infection rates, ICIs did not increase COVID-19 susceptibility.

Conclusion
ICIs did not increase the rate of COVID-19. This information may assist patients and their oncologists in decision-making surrounding cancer treatment during this pandemic.
Effects of different interface conditions on energy absorption characteristics of Al/carbon fiber reinforced polymer hybrid structures for multiple loading conditions
Authors: Ma Qi‐hua , Dong Fan , Gan Xue‐hui , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe treatment of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)–metal bond interface is very important for the practical application of CFRP‐reinforced metal structures in automobile, aviation, and other transportation vehicles. In this article, the effects of different interface connection conditions on the failure mode and energy absorption of hybrid tubes were studied by experimental and simulation methods. For this purpose, the two aspects metal surface treatment (sandblasting) and connection mode (socket, co‐curing, and secondary bonding) were used for adhesive joining. By observing the force–displacement curve, the energy absorption capacity of the hybrid tube under different interface connection conditions was quantified, and the performance was evaluated. The calculation results show that the interfacial connection conditions have different effects on the crashworthiness of the hybrid tube under different loading conditions. Among them, for axial crushing and transverse bending loads, the energy absorption characteristics of the hybrid tube can be effectively improved by sandblasting and cementing. Under the action of radial compression, although the roughness of the interface is increased by sandblasting, the energy absorption capacity is reduced rather than enhanced. In order to reveal the mechanism and make parameterized definitions of the interface characteristics, so as to effectively predict the finite element model is especially necessary. With the improvement of interface bond strength, its bearing limit distribution area also increases, and the corresponding deformation is also large, which eventually leads to more energy absorption under axial crushing and transverse bending loads. The increase in the interface connection strength has little effect on its crashworthiness under radial pressure.
Tribological and mechanical behaviors of mollusk shell‐ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene bio‐composite
Authors: Sidia Besma , Bensalah Walid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work is focused on the study of the tribological and mechanical properties of mollusk shell (MS)‐ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) biocomposite against stainless steel. Wear tests were carried out on a reciprocating pin on disc apparatus. Tensile tests were achieved using a computerized universal traction machine, model EZ‐20 LLOYD. Rockwell hardness of the bio‐reinforced composite was carried out using an AFFRI universal hardness test. The coefficient of friction and wear rate were measured after tribological tests. From tensile tests, the ultimate strength, Young's modulus, fracture strain, and fracture strength were determined. It is found that wear tests of MS‐UHMWPE biocomposites achieved high tribological performance in terms of specific wear rate and coefficient of friction compared to pure UHMWPE. The mechanical properties of UHMWPE were enhanced by the addition of MS particles. The correlation between the mechanical and tribological properties of MS‐UHMWPE biocomposites was investigated. It is established that there is no solid confirmation of a strong correlation between the mechanical properties and the specific wear rate of MS‐UHMWPE biocomposites. However, the coefficient of friction gives a reasonable correlation with the hardness, fracture strain, fracture strength, and Young's modulus of the MS‐UHMWPE.
Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal management of congenital mesoblastic nephroma: Experience at a single center in China
Authors: Chen Yan‐Xiong , Huang Chao , He Qiu‐Ming , Wang Zhe , Huang Li , Wang Hai‐Yu , Mei Shan‐Shan , Chai Cheng‐Wei , Zhang Guang‐Lan , Zhong Wei , Li Dong‐Zhi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo review the prenatal and postnatal clinical characteristics and pathological subtypes, as well as the surgical outcome for congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) cases.MethodA retrospective review was performed in 11 cases with CMN prenatally diagnosed at a single center between 2015 and 2019. The clinical characteristics, surgical outcome, histopathology, and follow‐up were retrospectively obtained and reviewed.ResultsThe median gestational age at which the sonographic diagnosis was made was 35 weeks. Polyhydramnios was found in four (36.4%) cases, and all resulted in a preterm birth. Nine infants had hypertension. Ten cases underwent radical nephrectomy, and one underwent radical nephrectomy and partial adrenalectomy. The pathological results showed that six tumors were classical variants, four mixed variants, and one was a cellular variant. Three cases presented as a stage I, eight as stage II, and no stage III or IV cases were diagnosed. All patients are alive so far. At a median follow‐up of 14 months, no local recurrence, or remote metastases were found.ConclusionThe prognosis of prenatal CMN cases is excellent after early surgery.
The in‐vitro biocompatibility of ureido‐pyrimidinone compounds and polymer degradation products
Authors: Besseling Paul J. , Mes Tristan , Bosman Anton W. , Peeters Joris W. , Janssen Henk M. , Bakker Maarten H. , Fledderus Joost O. , Teraa Martin , Verhaar Marianne C. , Gremmels Hendrik , Dankers Patricia Y. W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSupramolecular biomaterials based on ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy) moieties are versatile polymer materials as their function can be tailored to the application. These UPy‐materials can be designed into polymer coatings, self‐healing polymers, hydrogels and elastomers. The biocompatibility of UPy‐based materials and their degradation products is a long‐term success requirement for many regenerative medicine and biomedical applications. Earlier research has shown that UPy‐based materials and polymers display no immediate toxic effects, but in‐depth in‐vitro studies on potential UPy‐polymer degradation products have not been executed. Owing to their resemblance to naturally occurring purines and pyrimidines, UPy‐compounds and their degradation products could potentially initiate an immune response or be mutagenic. Accordingly, 11 selected UPy‐compounds were synthesized, and their effect on cell viability, wound healing, and their immunogenicity and potential mutagenic potential, were studied. We showed that low molecular weight degradation products of UPy‐based biomaterials do not affect cell viability, nor do these interfere with several aspects of endothelial function including proliferation, angiogenic sprouting and cellular migration even in levels exceeding plausibly attainable concentrations. Furthermore, the compounds are neither immunogenic nor mutagenic, showing that UPy‐biomaterials exhibit good biocompatibility in vitro, and could in principle be used in humans.
Does weekend commuting really pay off? A panel analysis with German data
Authors: Stawarz Nico , Rüger Heiko , Skora Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSecond homes and weekend commuting are frequently used strategies for covering large distances between the place of work and residence. The literature posits a positive association between work‐related spatial mobility, social mobility, and career achievement. However, so far, surprisingly little attention has been paid explicitly to the relationship between weekend commuting (i.e. work‐related residential multi‐locality) and social and career mobility. Therefore, we examine whether and how starting a weekend commuting episode is associated with wage changes. For the statistical framework, we apply fixed effects panel regressions to data of the German Socio‐Economic Panel (SOEP). Overall, the results show that weekend commuting is positively associated with wage gains. However, more detailed analysis that controls for selectivity on wage growth and differentiates by sex and geographical region reveals pronounced differences with regard to the size and timing of the effects.
Progression‐free survival in oncological clinical studies: Assessment time bias and methods for its correction
Authors: Miltenberger Robert , Götte Heiko , Schüler Armin , Jahn‐Eimermacher Antje 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProgression‐free survival (PFS) is a frequently used endpoint in oncological clinical studies. In case of PFS, potential events are progression and death. Progressions are usually observed delayed as they can be diagnosed not before the next study visit. For this reason potential bias of treatment effect estimates for progression‐free survival is a concern. In randomized trials and for relative treatment effects measures like hazard ratios, bias‐correcting methods are not necessarily required or have been proposed before. However, less is known on cross‐trial comparisons of absolute outcome measures like median survival times. This paper proposes a new method for correcting the assessment time bias of progression‐free survival estimates to allow a fair cross‐trial comparison of median PFS. Using median PFS for example, the presented method approximates the unknown posterior distribution by a Bayesian approach based on simulations. It is shown that the proposed method leads to a substantial reduction of bias as compared to estimates derived from maximum likelihood or Kaplan–Meier estimates. Bias could be reduced by more than 90% over a broad range of considered situations differing in assessment times and underlying distributions. By coverage probabilities of at least 94% based on the credibility interval of the posterior distribution the resulting parameters hold common confidence levels. In summary, the proposed approach is shown to be useful for a cross‐trial comparison of median PFS.
Na/Al Codoped Layered Cathode with Defects as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Battery and Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Singh Aditya Narayan , Kim Min‐Ho , Meena Abhishek , Wi Tae‐Ung , Lee Hyun‐Wook , Kim Kwang S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rational design of bifunctional electrocatalyst through simple synthesis with high activity remains a challenging task. Herein, Na/Al codoped Li‐excess Li‐Ru‐Ni‐O layered electrodes are demonstrated with defects/dislocations as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst toward lithium‐ion battery (LIB) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Toward LIB cathode, specific capacity of 173 mAh g−1 (0.2C‐rate), cyclability (>95.0%), high Columbic efficiency (99.2%), and energy efficiency (90.7%) are achieved. The codoped electrocatalyst has exhibited OER activity at a low onset potential (270 mV@10 mA cm−2), with a Tafel slope 69.3 mV dec−1, and long‐term stability over 36 h superior to the undoped and many other OER electrocatalysts including the benchmark IrO2. The concurrent doping resides in the crystal lattice (where Na shows the pillaring effect to improve facile Li diffusion), Al improves the stabilization of the layered structure, and defective structures provide abundant active sites to accelerate OER reactions.
Halogen Functionalization in the 2D Material Flatland: Strategies, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Tang Xian , Fan Touwen , Wang Cong , Zhang Han 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGiven the electronegativity and bonding environment of halogen elements, halogenation (i.e., fluorination, chlorination, bromination, and iodination) serves as a versatile strategy for chemical modifications of materials. The combination of halogens and 2D materials has triggered extensive interests since the first report on graphene fluorination in 2008. Subsequently, scholars consistently conduct pre‐, in‐process, or posthalogenation modifications of emerging 2D materials to achieve desired properties and broad device applications. They also continuously explore the role of halogens in 2D material functionalization. The multiple advantages introduced by halogen decoration make 2D materials outstanding from each subclass. In this review, an overall retrospect is provided on the research advances in the area of 2D material halogenation, including experimental halogenation strategies, halogen‐triggered novel physics and properties, and advanced applications across the studied objects. Future research directions in this area are also proposed.
Biodegradable Anti‐Biofilm Fiber‐Membrane Ureteral Stent Constructed with a Robust Biomimetic Superhydrophilic Polycationic Hydration Surface Exhibiting Synergetic Antibacterial and Antiprotein Properties
Authors: Gao Liheng , Liu Xingxing , Xu Mingxi , Sun Gang , Xu Sijun , Zou Ting , Wang Litianmu , Wang Fujun , Da Jun , Wang Yiwei , Wang Lu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe biofouling of ureteral stents and subsequent urinary tract infections mainly come from the adsorption and adhesion of proteins and microorganisms and their ensuing proliferation. Although general polycationic surfaces in implants have good antibacterial activities, they suffer from limited durability due to severe protein and bacterial adsorption. Here, a biodegradable and anti‐biofilm fiber‐membrane structured ureteral stent (FMBUS) with synergetic contact‐killing antibacterial activity and antiprotein adsorption is described. The stent is prepared by generating hyperbranched poly(amide‐amine)‐grafted polydopamine microparticles (≈300 nm) on the surface of fibers by in situ polymerization and Schiff base reactions. The biomimetic surface endows the FMBUS with a positive charge (+21.36 mV) and superhydrophilicity (water contact angle: 0°). As a result, the stents fulfilled the following functions: i) reduced attachment of host protein due to superhydrophilicity (Lysozyme: 92.1%; human serum albumin: 39.4%); ii) high bactericidal activities against contact pathogenic bacteria (contact‐killing rate: 99.9999% for both E. coli and S. aureus; antiadhesion rate: 99.2% for E. coli and 99.9999% for S. aureus); iii) biocompatibility in vitro (relative growth rate of L929: >90% on day 3) and in vivo; and iv) gradient biodegradability to avoid a second surgery of stent extraction 1–2 weeks after implantation.
All‐Inorganic Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Suppressed Luminance Quenching Enabled by Chloride Passivated Tungsten Phosphate Hole Transport Layers
Authors: Cao Fan , Wu Qianqian , Sui Yizhen , Wang Sheng , Dou Yongjiang , Hua Weihong , Kong Lingmei , Wang Lin , Zhang Jianhua , Jiang Tian , Yang Xuyong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough excellent performance such as high efficiency and stability have been achieved in quantum dot (QD)‐based light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) possessing an organic/inorganic hybrid device structure, the highly expected all‐inorganic QLEDs remain at the bottleneck stage in recent years, resulting from the luminance quenching of QDs caused by inorganic hole transport layer (HTL) and unbalanced charge injection due to large energy barrier for injecting holes from HTL to QDs. Here, it is reported that the solution‐processed inorganic environmentally friendly chloride (Cl)‐passivated tungsten phosphate (Cl@TPA) films serve as HTL. The incorporation of Cl in TPA effectively passivates the oxygen vacancies, which not only avoids the luminescence quenching of QDs by reducing carrier concentration but also facilitates the hole injection from HTL to QDs with a favorable electronic band alignment, thus achieving the record external quantum efficiency of ≈9.27%, among all previous reports about all‐inorganic QLEDs. Most importantly, the resulting all‐inorganic QLEDs with Cl@TPA exhibit a substantial improvement in the operational lifetime (T50 > 105 h under an initial luminance of 100 cd m−2), which is almost 30‐fold higher than the devices with TPA HTL. This work furnishes a promising strategy for highly efficient and stable QLEDs based on inorganic device structure.
Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Twin‐Screw Prepared Cistanche deserticola‐Potato Composite Rice
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Liang , Li Xiang , He Zhuangzhuang , Chen Shanfeng , Zhang Dongliang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to find the best extrusion conditions which can not only satisfy the taste of the public, but also retain echinacoside to the greatest extent, response surface methodology is used to design the reported experiment. Broken rice, potato flakes, and Cistanche deserticola are used as main raw materials to prepare C. deserticola‐potato composite rice by twin‐screw extruder in this study. Hardness, springiness, content of echinacoside, and sensory score are determined for optimization. The optimum extrusion conditions are obtained as follows: the screw speed is 139 rpm, barrel temperature is 115 °C, and the moisture content is 29%. It is found that C. deserticola‐potato composite rice with 0.7% of C. deserticola has the most acceptable quality and there are 93.45 mg of echinacoside in every 100 g of rice. The development strategy of potato staple food can be realized better by using potato flakes instead of some rice flour (30%) to recombine rice grains. With the improvement of utilization rate of broken rice, sustainable development can be achieved.
Partial Discharge Detection of Multiple‐Narrow Band Antenna under the Radio Communication Noise
Authors: Bandi Tuvshinbayar , Ohtsuka Shinya 
Published: March 2021

The ultra‐high frequency (UHF) method is attempted to diagnose the insulation condition of high voltage equipment as detecting partial discharge (PD) – emitted electromagnetic (EM) wave. Although the EM wave caused by PD has broadband, the UHF band includes many communication and broadcasting line spectral frequencies, which can affect PD detection as a noise. The authors have developed the multiple‐narrow band (MNB) antenna to detect discharge signals with high resistance against noisy line spectral frequencies. In this paper, the MNB antenna was applied to measure PD in SF6 gas and compared with a standard wide‐band Horn antenna to identify the PD detection ability. Furthermore, the MNB antenna was applied to measure PD signal in SF6 gas under the artificial and the real communication noise to estimate the noise elimination ability of MNB antenna. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A Process Mining Approach to Statistical Analysis: Application to a Real-World Advanced Melanoma Dataset
Authors: Tavazzi Erica , Gerard Camille L. , Michielin Olivier , Wicky Alexandre , Gatta Roberto , Cuendet Michel A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThanks to its ability to offer a time-oriented perspective on the clinical events that define the patient’s path of care, Process Mining (PM) is assuming an emerging role in clinical data analytics. PM’s ability to exploit time-series data and to build processes without any a priori knowledge suggests interesting synergies with the most common statistical analyses in healthcare, in particular survival analysis. In this work we demonstrate contributions of our process-oriented approach in analyzing a real-world retrospective dataset of patients treated for advanced melanoma at the Lausanne University Hospital. Addressing the clinical questions raised by our oncologists, we integrated PM in almost all the steps of a common statistical analysis. We show: (1) how PM can be leveraged to improve the quality of the data (data cleaning/pre-processing), (2) how PM can provide efficient data visualizations that support and/or suggest clinical hypotheses, also allowing to check the consistency between real and expected processes (descriptive statistics), and (3) how PM can assist in querying or re-expressing the data in terms of pre-defined reference workflows for testing survival differences among sub-cohorts (statistical inference). We exploit a rich set of PM tools for querying the event logs, inspecting the processes using statistical hypothesis testing, and performing conformance checking analyses to identify patterns in patient clinical paths and study the effects of different treatment sequences in our cohort.