bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEXICAL RICHNESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY IN TEACHER TRAINING EXPLORATORY STUDY
Authors: Tinedo Rodríguez Antonio Jesús 
Published: December 2021

Teaching a foreign language requires a holistic approach that involves teaching the instrumental language, its literature and its culture. Besides, it is important to highlight the role of education and values when it comes to teach English as a foreign language. During the second decade of the 21st century many natural disasters have taken place worldwide and teachers should be prepared to deal with them in the English classroom. This preparedness involves scientific knowledge together with linguistic knowledge.
This exploratory study has the objective to set a first approach to the preparedness of pre-service teachers to deal with the aforementioned issues through the analysis of the lexical richness of the texts they have written on environmental issues and natural disasters. The limitations of the study are bounded to the low number of samples, but it allows to explore new ways of improving language skills and environment literacy in pre-service teachers which might help to provide future citizens with commitment on environmental issues.
Lower–Middle Pleistocene Stratigraphy of the Southern West Siberian Plain: New Data
Authors: Zykin V.S. , Zykina V.S. , Malikov D.G. , Smolyaninova L.G. , Kuzmina O.B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
—The Quaternary stratigraphy of the southern West Siberian Plain is considered in the context of the updated International Chronostratigraphic Scale, with the Neogene/Quarternary boundary at 2.588 Ma. New geological, lithological, paleontological, and paleomagnetic data from a reference Quaternary section in the Irtysh River valley near Isakovka Village provide more rigorous constraints on the Lower–Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy and the respective deposition conditions. The Isakovka outcrop exposes two stratigraphically expressed and paleontologically characterized units that were deposited during regional Pleistocene interglacial events of different ages: the Strunino and Serebryanoe alluvium beds lying over eroded surfaces. The species of the Corbicula genus coexisting with numerous species of Palearctic molluscs, small mammals Allophaiomys deucalion, Mimomys reidi, and last rooted lagurids Borsodia found in the Strunino alluvium are known also from continental equivalents of the warm upper Gelasian Stage in different parts of northern Eurasia. Judging by the presence of extant corbicules, the Strunino alluvium was deposited in a warm climate, with a mean annual air temperature above +16 °C and a mean winter temperature no colder than –8 °C, in rivers that remained free from ice all year round. On the basis of fauna constraints for the Serebryanoe alluvium, along with the first appearance of the European Pisidium clessini molluscs in West Siberia, the unit can be correlated with one of the earliest Middle Pleistocene interglacial events. The faunal assemblages and spore-pollen patterns of the two units indicate that the climate during the Serebryanoe deposition was slightly cooler and wetter than during the Strunino deposition, though steppe landscapes predominated on watersheds in both events. The two alluvial beds, which are traceable in river bluffs, at 30 m above the modern water level in a tectonically stable part of West Siberia, mark the hypsometrically higher position of the river network during the Early Pleistocene and early Middle Pleistocene interglacials.
Enhanced Stability of Inactivated Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine With A Novel Solution Buffer.
Authors: Li Jing , Wei Yanming , Zhang Rong , Yang Huiqing , Liu Xuerong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Stability is vital for potency of food-and-mouth disease virus vaccine preparation. However, the assembly of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus is poor stable and prone to dissociate into 12s under mild acidic or heating conditions, especially emulsified with oil-adjuvant. Thus, it is crucial to explore a suitable medium and condition to improve the stability and efficiency of inactivated FMDV vaccine. Results: In this study, the basic solution buffer and a serious of potential stabilizers, such as carbohydrate, amino acid, antioxidant, salt and antioxidant were screened for evaluating stable effect on FMDV antigen with aid of high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). On this basis, orthogonal experiment was performed to optimize and finally confirm the formulation. Anti-aging test were carried out to asses the efficiency of formulation on vaccine stability and the results showed that the vaccine was more stabler either stored at 37℃or 4℃. Moreover, physicochemical monitoring revealed that formulation had no influence on the properties of vaccine. The combined results suggested that the novel solution buffer would lower degradation and prolong shelf life of vaccine. In a word, the novel buffer is beneficial to make FMD vaccine more stable and effective, reducing the dependence on cold delivery and storage. This study also provides insight into the processes of optimization and inactivated vaccine development.
Dynamic Permission Access Control Model Based on Privacy Protection
Authors: Zhang Qikun , Zhu Liang , Wu Yimeng , Li Jianyong , Meng Yinghui , Hu Sikang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Access control technology is one of the key technologies to ensure safe resource sharing. Identity authentication and authority distribution are two key technologies for access control technology to restrict unauthorized users from accessing resources and resources can only be accessed by authorized legal users.However, user privacy protection and frequent permission changes are two thorny issues that need to be solved urgently by access control technology. To deal with these problems, this paper proposes a dynamic access control technology based on privacy protection. Compared with existing access control technologies, the main advantages of this paper are as follows: 1) encrypt and hide the attributes of entities, and use attribute-based identity authentication technology for identity authentication, which not only achieves the purpose of traditional identity authentication, but also ensures the attributes and privacy of entities are not leaked; 2) Binding resource access permissions with entity attributes, dynamically assigning and adjusting resource access control permissions through changes in entity attributes, making resource access control more fine-grained and more flexible. Security proof and performance analysis show that the proposed protocol safe under the hardness assumption of the discrete logarithm problem (DLP) and the decision bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) problem. Compared with the cited references, it has the advantages of low computational complexity, short computational time, and low communication overhead.
The Fire Resistance Performance of Concrete Columns With Different Compressive Strength
Authors: Atea Rafid Saeed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Four full concrete columns have been created Tested below high temperature for The fire resistance of concrete elements in concrete with particular compressive strengths. The standard concrete with compressive strength values of C25 were made of one of the four specimens, while the rest were made of C35, C60 and C75 respectively, respectively. During simulation of Within the laboratory furnace, the same For the specimens, axial forces were applied. Many experimental outcomes parameters were evaluated in contrast, including temperature changes, Vertical moving, side deflection, fire resistance and Failed properties of the specimen. The results have shown a rise in the compressive strength of the concrete for the concrete columns from the outside up to the inside of the column the same cross section of the lower compressive forces of concrete display better fire resistance efficiency with the same initial axial strength ratio. The C35, C60 and C75 columns' fire resistance is higher than standard concrete columns. The initial and secant rigidity of the columns of Reinforced concrete (RC) has also The percentage decreased dramatically after fire exposure and the temperature increased from 25 to 750 ° C.
Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria with ESBL Genes: A Growing Threat Among HIV Patients in Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Riju , Bastola Anup , Adhikari Nabaraj , Rijal Komal Raj , Banjara Megha Raj , Ghimire Prakash , Shrestha Upendra Thapa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Bacterial opportunistic infections are quite common in HIV patients. Besides HIV-TB coinfection, lower respiratory tract infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality among HIV patients. This study was done to evaluate the bacterial coinfection of LRT and detect plasmid-mediated blaTEM and blaCTX−M genes among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates from sputum samples in HIV patients.
Methods

A total of 263 sputum samples from HIV-positive cases were processed with standard microbiological methods to isolate and identify the possible pathogens. The identified bacterial isolates were assessed for antibiotic susceptibility pattern by using modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Plasmid DNA was extracted from multidrug-resistant and ESBL producers for screening of ESBL genes; blaCTX−M and blaTEM by conventional PCR method using specific primers.
Results

Of 263 sputum samples, 67 (25.48%) were culture positive showing Klebsiella pneumoniae; 17(25.37%) as the most predominant one. A higher rate of infection (4/8, 50%) was observed among old-aged people of 61 -70 years, whereas no infection was observed below 20 years. About 30.0% (15/50) of smokers, 32.86% (23/70) cases with previous pulmonary tuberculosis and 52.38% (11/21) with CD4 count <200 cells/µl were found to be susceptible to LRTIs. Among 53 bacterial isolates, 52.83% (n=28) were multidrug-resistant and 43.4% (n=23) were ESBL producers. All ESBL producers were sensitive to Colistin and Polymyxin B. Of 23 ESBL producers, 47.83% (11/23) and 8.6% (2/23) possessed only blaCTX−M and blaTEM genes respectively and 43.48% (10/23) possessed both ESBL genes.
Conclusion

The increasing rate of MDR bacterial infections mainly ESBL producers of LRTIs causes difficulty in the management of diseases leading to high morbidity and mortality of HIV patients.
Protocatechuic Acid Counteracts Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Carrageenan- Induced Paw Edema in Mice
Authors: Albrakati Alaa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
PCA (protocatechuic acid), a phenolic compound found in teas, fruits and vegetables, is widely recognized with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here we verified the protective role of PCA on carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. PCA (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) administration was applied for five consecutive days prior to the carrageenan injection. Diclofenac sodium (20 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. PCA pretreatment notably decreased the volume of the developed edema and alleviated the histopathological alterations induced by carrageenan. Additionally, PCA administration enhanced the cellular antioxidant capacity as demonstrated by the increased levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione, in addition to the decreased malondialdehyde level in the edematous tissue. Interestingly, PCA administration was able to suppress the developed inflammatory response upon carrageenan injection as indicated by the decreased levels and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interlukin-1 beta, interlukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-II, prostaglandin E2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, myeloperoxidase and nuclear factor kappa B. These results collectively confirm the protective effect of PCA against carrageenan-induced paw edema owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics.
Interference Suppression in Heterogeneous Massive MIMO Systems with Imperfect CSI
Authors: Sedghi Rana , azghani masoumeh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Interference management is of paramount importance in heterogeneous massive mimo networks (HetNet). In this paper, an algorithm has been suggested to suppress the interference in large-MIMO HetNets with imperfect channel state information(CSI). The proposed technique controls both the intra-tier and cross-tier interference of the macrocell as well as the small cells. The intra-tier interference of the macrocell as well as the cross-tier interference have been minimized under maximum transmission power and minimum signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) constraint. The channel estimation error matrix has also been modeled using the joint sparsity property. The precoding algorithm is thus achieved through the application of semi-definite relaxation and block coordinate descent techniques. The intra-tier interference of the small cells are addressed with the aid of the zero forcing scheme. The proposed method has been validated through various simulations which confirm the superiority of the algorithm over its counterparts.
Estimation of Aboveground Biomass For Winter Wheat In The Later Growth Stage By Combining Digital Texture And Spectral Analysis
Authors: Zheng Ling , Jianpeng Tao , Qian Bao , Shizhuang Weng , Yakun Zhang , Jinling Zhao , Linsheng Huang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Aboveground biomass (AGB) is an important indicator to predict crop yield. Traditional spectral features or image textures have been proposed to estimate the AGB of crops, but they perform poorly in estimation of AGB at high biomass levels. The present study thus evaluated the ability of spectral features, image textures, combinations thereof to estimate winter wheat AGB. Result: The spectral features were obtained from the wheat canopy reflectance spectra of 400–1000 nm including original wavelengths and seven vegetation indices (VIs), then we screened effective wavelengths (EWs) through successive projection algorithm (SPA) and the optimal vegetation index selected by correlation analysis. The image textures features were extracted by gray level co-occurrence matrix including texture features (TEX) and normalized difference texture index (NDTI), then we selected effective variables including the optimal texture subset (OTEXS) and the optimal normalized difference texture index subset (ONDTIS) through the ranking of feature importance of random forest (RF). Linear regression (LR), partial least squares regression (PLS) and random forest (RF) were established to evaluate the relationship between each calculated feature and AGB. The results demonstrate that the ONDTIS with PLS based on validation datasets exhibited better performance in estimating AGB for the post-seedling stage (R2 = 0.75, RMSE = 0.04). Moreover, the combinations of OTEXS and EWs with LR based on validation datasets exhibited the highest prediction accuracy for the post-seedling stage (R2 = 0.78, RMSE = 0.05). Conclusion: The findings show that the combined use of spectral features and image textures can effectively improve the accuracy for AGB estimation especially in post-seeding stage.
Effects of Urea Supplementation On The Nutritional Quality And Microbial Community of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Silage
Authors: Hou Zhenping , Zheng Xia , Zhang Xuelei , Chen Qing , Wu Duanqin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the contribution of urea on the nutritional quality and microbial community of ensiled alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa silage was control group without urea (AL), supplementation with 0.5 % urea (AU1), or supplementation with 1 % urea (AU2). The silage tanks were opened and sampled after silage at 0, 15, 30, and 60 d. Results showed that AU2 had higher pH, ratio of NH3-N/TN and CP content than those in AL and AU1 while AU1 had higher ADF than that in AL and AU2 after 15 d silage. Richness and diversity indices of microbial communities in silage were no significant differences among AL, AU1 and AU2 group. Proteobacteria (58.23%) and Firmicutes (40.95%) were the predominant phylum in three groups during the silage process. The percent of community abundances on genera level of Enterobacteriaceae (37.61%) and Klebsiella (41.78%) in AL were a little higher than those in AU1 (30.39%, 25.02%) and AU2 (33.48%, 26.92%). These results showed that silage with urea alone could not improve the quality of alfalfa.
Leveraging Parrondo's paradox for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Gokhale Chaitanya , Sharma Nikhil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rotating crops is a sustainable agricultural technique that has been at the disposal of humanity since time immemorial.
Switching between cover crops and cash crops allows the fields avoids overexploitation due to intensive farming.
How often the respite is to be provided and what is the optimum cash cover rotation in terms of maximising yield schedule is a long-standing question tackled on multiple fronts by agricultural scientists, economists, biologists and computer scientists, to name a few.
Dealing with the uncertainty in the field due to diseases, pests, droughts, floods, and impending effects of climate change, is important to consider when designing the cropping strategy.
Analysing this time-tested technique of crop rotations with a new lens of Parrondo's paradox allows us to improve upon the technique and use it in synchronisation with the burning questions of contemporary times.
By calculating optimum switching probabilities in a randomised cropping sequence, suggesting the optimum deterministic sequences and judicious use of fertilisers, we propose methods for improving crop yield and the eventual profit margins for farmers.
Overall we also extend the domain of applicability of the seemingly unintuitive paradox by Parrondo, where two losing situations can be combined eventually into a winning scenario.
Environmental sources along natural cave ripening shape the microbiome and metabolome of artisanal blue-veined cheeses
Authors: Alexa Elena , Cobo-Diaz José F , Renes Erica , O´Callaghan Tom F , Kilcawley Kieran , Mannion David , Skibinska Iwona , Ruiz Lorena , Margolles Abelardo , Fernández-Gómez Paula , Alvarez-Molina Adrián , Crispie Fiona , Puente-Gómez Paula , López Mercedes , Prieto Miguel , Cotter Paul , Alvarez-Ordóñez Avelino 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Microorganisms colonising processing environments can significantly impact food quality and safety. Here we describe a detailed longitudinal study assessing the impact of cave ripening on the microbial succession and quality markers across different producers of blue-veined cheese. Both the producer and cave in which cheeses were ripened significantly influenced the cheese microbiome and metabolome. The cheese microbiome was significantly determined by the microbiome of caves, which were a source of Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Tetragenococcus and Yaniella, among others, as demonstrated through source tracking and the characterization of 613 metagenome assembled genomes. Tetragenococcus koreensis and T. halophilus were detected at high abundance in cheese for the first time, associated with the occurrence of various metabolites, and showed high levels of horizontal gene transfer with other members of the cheese microbiome. Overall, we demonstrated that processing environments can be a source of non-starter microorganisms of relevance to ripening of artisanal fermented foods.
Antarctic Permafrost Degassing Revealed By Extensive Soil Gas and Co2 Flux Survey in Taylor Valley
Authors: Ruggiero Livio , Sciarra Alessandra , Mazzini Adriano , Florindo Fabio , Wilson Gary , Tartarello Maria Chiara , Mazzoli Claudio , Anderson Jacob , Romano Valentina , Worthington Rachel , Bigi Sabina , Sassi Raffaele , Ciotoli Giancarlo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
McMurdo Dry Valleys comprise 10% of the ice-free soil surface areas in Antarctica. Permafrost stability plays an important role in C-cycle as it potentially stores considerable quantities of greenhouse gases. While the geomorphology of the Dry Valleys reflects a long history of changing climate conditions, comparison with the rapidly warming Northern polar region suggests that future climate and ecosystems may change more rapidly from permafrost degradation. In Austral summer 2019/2020 a comprehensive sampling of soil gases and CO2 flux measurements was undertaken in the Taylor Valley, with the aims to identify potential presence of soil gases in the active layer. The results obtained show high concentrations of CH4, CO2, He and an increasing CO2 flux rate. We identify the likely source of the gas to be from dissolved gases in deep brine moving from inland (potentially underneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet) to the coast at depth beneath the permafrost layer.
C3aR1 Correlates With Immune Cell Infiltration and Serves as Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer
Authors: liu weifeng , Chu Zhijie , Yang Cheng , Yang Tianbao , Yang Yanhui , Sun Junjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As the fourth most common malignancy worldwide, gastric cancer can lead more than 720 000 patient death every year. Precisely therapeutic intervention can significantly improve patients’ survival status underlying the precise clarification by molecular indexes. Identifying the biomarkers highly associated with disease prognosis will be helpful to guide the clinical therapy. C3ar1 is an essential receptor in the complement system, and participates in various biological processes associated with immunological responses. To identify the crucial roles of C3AR1 in gastric cancer tmorigenesis, we determined the mRNA profile, protein expression levels and the clinicopathological indexes using cBioportal, Kaplan-Meier plotter and the Human Protein Atlas databases. To identify the molecular network in C3AR1-expressed gastric cancer, we obtained the differentially expressed genes using the GEPIA database compared with normal stomach tissues. Furthermore, we analyzed the biological impact of these differentially expressed genes using protein-protein interaction network and gene set enrichment analysis, in which we identified the hub genes and critical pathways influenced by over-expressed C3AR1 in gastric cancer. Finally, we evaluated the correlation between the C3AR1 expression levels and immune cell infiltration levels utilizing the Tumor Immunoassay Resource database. Our results revealed that the higher expression level of C3AR1 can lead higher infiltration of T cell CD8+, T cell CD4+, macrophage, neutrophil, B cell and myeloid dendritic cells into tumor tissue. Moreover, we also found that higher infiltration of macrophage cells into tumor tissue can worsen the survival of patients with gastric cancer, which may be highly associated with the polarization states of macrophages (TAM and M2 status). Our investigation suggest that C3AR1 can be as an efficient diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer therapy.