bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histomorphometric and histochemical characteristics of the oesophagus of the greater mouse‐eared Bat, Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797)
Authors: Paksuz Emine Pınar , Paksuz Serbülent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the histomorphometric and histochemical structure of oesophagus of the wild‐caught greater mouse‐eared bat M. myotis. For this purpose, 10 specimens of oesophagus were collected and processed. The oesophagus wall of M. myotis is composed of four layers: tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica adventitia. The mucosa is covered by a non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. There were no glands in the wall of the oesophagus. Tunica muscularis is composed of two muscle layers: internal circular muscular layer and an external longitudinal muscular layer. Histochemical studies revealed that the oesophagus was AB/PAS and PAS positive indicating the presence of acidic and neutral mucosubstances. AB‐PAS staining shows that glycoproteins were predominant in the all examined layers of the oesophagus. Because of the absence of oesophageal glands in M. myotis, positive reaction with AB‐PAS staining may be due to secretion of salivary glands. Absence of oesophageal glands reflects the functional adaptation as high food passage rate for the insectivorous feeding habits of animals.
Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for women who are screened positive for group B streptococcal colonisation: Clinical compliance with the guideline
Authors: Braye Kathryn , Ferguson John , Ball Jean , Foureur Maralyn 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIn high income countries, ~30% of pregnant women are provided with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for early‐onset group B streptococcal infection (EOGBSI). The infection rate is low, 0.2/1000 livebirths in our jurisdiction, and others. We hypothesised factors, other than IAP alone, were reasons for the low rate of EOGBSI.AimsCompliance with our local guideline, referred to here as ‘the guideline’.MethodCompliance was defined as an initial dose of benzylpenicillin IAP followed by four‐hourly doses until birth. The study population was drawn from 4098 women who had 4100 pregnancies resulting in 4200 babies in an Australian birth setting from 1/1/2016 to 31/12/2016. Most, 93%, were eligible for universal GBS screening, 67% were reported as screened and 90% of these had a result documented; 23% were positive for GBS. A random sample (n = 223) was taken for further analysis.ResultsThe adjusted odds of receiving benzylpenicillin IAP in accord with the guideline were three times higher among primiparous compared to multiparous women (P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 3.4, 95% CI 1.7–6.7) and three times higher among women experiencing induction of labour compared to women who commenced labour spontaneously (P < 0.001, OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.8–6.3). Of the 223 women, 188 received IAP: 176 received benzylpenicillin IAP, 31% (or 24% of the total sample) received this intervention in accord with the guideline, 24% received benzylpenicillin ≥4 h before birth but not in accord with the guideline and 44% received benzylpenicillin <4 h before birth.ConclusionWe conclude that sub‐optimal compliance was largely a consequence of an unrealistic guideline.
Measuring the impact of cardiotocograph decision support software on neonatal outcomes: A propensity score‐matched observational study
Authors: Wilson Emily , Dunn Liam , Beckmann Michael , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThis study follows the 2017 UK INFANT Collaborative Group RCT, which compared neonatal outcomes with and without the use of the INFANT cardiotocograph decision support system for over 46 000 patients in labour. The original trial failed to demonstrate a significant improvement to neonatal outcomes; however, the study design was subject to methodological critique.AimsThis Australian retrospective cohort study aimed to report perinatal outcomes before and after the introduction of INFANT decision support software for cardiotocograph use in labour.Materials and MethodsThe study cohort was divided into two equivalent 18‐month epochs, before and after the introduction of INFANT‐Guardian® CTG decision support system. Propensity score matching analysis was undertaken to balance pre‐ and post‐implementation groups by baseline covariates. The matched cohort included 11 154 public‐funded women between November 2016 and 2019, with a singleton live fetus ≥34 + 0 weeks, being induced or in spontaneous labour. The main outcome measures were: a composite measure of serious adverse neonatal outcome comprising of one or more of: admission to intensive care nursery >48 h, Apgar <4 at 5 min, cord arterial pH <7.0, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy grade 2 or 3, therapeutic hypothermia, neonatal death.ResultsThe incidence of the composite primary outcome was significantly lower following implementation of INFANT (0.57% vs. 1.00%; OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.37–0.88; P = 0.01). A significant reduction in nursery admission >48 h was also observed (0.05% vs. 0.30%; OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.05–0.60; P = 0.002).ConclusionsINFANT software is associated with a reduction in serious adverse neonatal outcomes, without increasing the rate of operative delivery.
Endothelial genetic deletion of CD147 induces changes in the dual function of the blood‐brain barrier and is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Hao , Lv Jian‐Jun , Zhao Yu , Wei Hao‐Lin , Zhang Tian‐Jiao , Yang Hai‐Jiao , Chen Zhi‐Nan , Jiang Jian‐Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized and indispensable structure in brain blood vessels that is damaged during Alzheimer's disease (AD). CD147 is expressed on the BBB and deeply engaged in the AD pathological process. In this study, we aimed to provide a better understanding of the roles of CD147 in BBB function in health and neurodegenerative disease.Methods and ResultsWe measured CD147 expression in mouse brains and demonstrated that CD147 is exclusively expressed in brain endothelial cells (BECs), and its expression decreases with age. After constructing endothelial‐specific CD147 knockout mice, we performed RNA‐sequencing on BECs isolated from mice of different ages as well as a range of database analyses. We found that endothelial CD147 is essential for the dual functions of the BBB, including barrier maintenance and transporter regulation. This study also shows that CD147 plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in AD.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that targeting CD147 in BECs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy, which promoted the design of future experimental investigations and the mechanistic understanding of neurodegenerative diseases.
Hue‐shifting for accurate and precise quantification of biochemical substances using diagnostic test strips
Authors: Doi Ryoichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSome test strips have high feasibility for the quick and approximate quantification of the biochemical substances in samples. Recently, test strips became more precise and accurate by involving the quantitative observation of coloration and regression modelling. Their accuracy and precision can be significantly improved by hue‐shifting the colours of the original sample and those of the standards. The standard colour images included in the instructions of test strips for the detection of four urinary and two salivary biochemical substances were used. Images of glucose‐loaded test strips for urinary glucose detection were also prepared. Using the red‐green‐blue (RGB) colour image, the author prepared 11 hue‐shifted colour images by changing the hue of the original RGB colour image at intervals of 30°. From each of the 12 colour images, 10 greyscale images indicating values of the intensity of RGB, cyan, magenta, yellow, key black,L*,a*andb*were prepared. In regression modelling, the additional 110 greyscale images improved the values of the coefficient of determination and normalised mean absolute error in the quantification of protein, specific gravity, urobilinogen and glucose in urine, as well as of alcohol and nitric oxide in saliva. Further analyses showed that the hue‐shifting technique yielded new greyscale images that were more significantly related to the values of the biochemical variables in question than any previous greyscale images. This improvement was realised by the most significant linear measures for the description of concentrations of biochemical substances, and synergetic effects between significant greyscale images.
Influence of aminopropyl/vinyl/silsesquioxane post‐treatment on the colour performance of pigment‐based inks on ink‐jet‐printed polyester fabrics
Authors: Hakeim Osama Abdel , Rashed Samah Abdou , Diab Hanan Abdelmohsen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present research manages the utilisation of post‐treatment coating solutions of aminopropyl/vinyl/silsesquioxane (APSV) for ink‐jet printing of polyester with CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow and key [black]) pigmented water‐based ink‐jet inks. The proposed protocols could effectively fix the pigment colours on polyester at a low relieving temperature under the thermal initiation or ultraviolet (UV)‐radiation of vinyl terminated groups in APSV compared to the commercial textile binders. The colorimetric data and fixation, antistatic properties, roughness and durability of the ink‐jet‐printed samples were studied. The outcomes demonstrated that APSV successfully fixed the pigment‐based ink‐jet inks on polyester fabric, and could achieve significantly higher colour performance and degree of fixation than the commercial textile binders. The APSV‐post‐treated examples had durable antistatic properties and soft handle. The durability tests indicated that the ink‐jet‐printed polyester fabrics post‐treated with APSV retained a higher degree of fixation and antistatic properties after 10 launderings. In general, the outcomes revealed that APSV can be successfully utilised as a pigment binding agent, eliminate all determinant drawbacks in works of literature for treatment of fabrics in ink‐jet printing application, such as the fabric handles and the many approached methods. Moreover, it showed a good durable antistatic finish for the post‐treatment of ink‐jet‐printed polyester fabrics.
Adult neurogenic process in the subventricular zone‐olfactory bulb system is regulated by Tau protein under prolonged stress
Authors: Dioli Chrysoula , Patrício Patrícia , Pinto Lucilia‐Goreti , Marie Clemence , Morais Mónica , Vyas Sheela , Bessa João M. , Pinto Luisa , Sotiropoulos Ioannis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe area of the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the adult brain exhibits the highest number of proliferative cells, which, together with the olfactory bulb (OB), maintains constant brain plasticity through the generation, migration and integration of newly born neurons. Despite Tau and its malfunction is increasingly related to deficits of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and brain plasticity under pathological conditions [e.g. in Alzheimer's disease (AD)], it remains unknown whether Tau plays a role in the neurogenic process of the SVZ and OB system under conditions of chronic stress, a well‐known sculptor of brain and risk factor for AD.Materials and methodsDifferent types of newly born cells in SVZ and OB were analysed in animals that lack Tau gene (Tau‐KO) and their wild‐type littermates (WT) under control or chronic stress conditions.ResultsWe demonstrate that chronic stress reduced the number of proliferating cells and neuroblasts in the SVZ leading to decreased number of newborn neurons in the OB of adult WT, but not Tau‐KO, mice. Interestingly, while stress‐evoked changes were not detected in OB granular cell layer, Tau‐KO exhibited increased number of mature neurons in this layer indicating altered neuronal migration due to Tau loss.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the critical involvement of Tau in the neurogenesis suppression of SVZ and OB neurogenic niche under stressful conditions highlighting the role of Tau protein as an essential regulator of stress‐driven plasticity deficits.
Resilience and associated characteristics in adults with spina bifida
Authors: Showen Amy E , Copp Hillary L , Allen Isabel E , Hampson Lindsay A 
Published: May 2021

AimTo measure resilience and identify associated demographic and clinical factors in individuals with spina bifida.MethodAn anonymous survey was distributed via Facebook advertising to individuals with congenital urological conditions. Respondents 18 years or older with spina bifida were included in this study. Resilience was measured with the 10‐item Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale. Mean resilience levels in the study population and a US general population sample were compared with Student’s t‐test. Multiple linear regression assessed demographic and clinical factors associated with resilience.ResultsThe mean resilience score for participants (n=195; 49 males, 146 females; mean age 40y 2mo [SD 12y 7mo] range 18–74y) was 27.2 (SD 7.5), which differed from a mean of 31.8 (SD 5.4) for a US general population sample (p<0.01). Multiple linear regression demonstrated significant positive associations between resilience and older age (p=0.04), prior urological surgeries (p=0.03), higher household education (p<0.01), and higher physical function (p<0.01).InterpretationResilience in individuals with spina bifida is moderately poor, relative to the general population, and is associated with certain demographic and clinical factors. As a modifiable construct with positive effects on quality of life, psychological well‐being, and health‐related behaviors, resilience is a promising target for intervention in individuals with spina bifida.
What this paper adds

Resilience in individuals with spina bifida is moderately poor.

Resilience is lower in individuals with spina bifida than the general population.

Resilience is associated with age, household education, physical function, and urological surgery.
Using stable isotope data to quantify niche overlap and diets of muskellunge, northern pike and walleye in a deep Minnesota lake
Authors: Herwig Brian R. , Zimmer Kyle D. , Staples David F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMuskellunge (Esox masquinongy Mitchill), northern pike (Esox lucius L.) and walleye (Sander vitreus Mitchill) often coexist in lake communities, yet uncertainty exists about the potential for interspecific competition among these top predators. Stable isotope data were used to assess niche overlap and diets of these predators in Elk Lake (Minnesota, U.S.A). δ13C indicated primary production sources (e.g. pelagic v. littoral) and δ15N indicated trophic position; the bivariate distribution of these isotopes defined the species’ isotopic niche. Niche overlap probabilities were calculated and stable isotope mixing models were used to quantify diet proportions. Muskellunge and northern pike niches overlapped little (<10%), while walleye overlapped muskellunge (15%–60%) and northern pike (33%–53%) more extensively. Muskellunge diets focused (50%) on cisco (Coregonus artedi Lesueur), walleye primarily assimilated non‐cisco prey fish (80%), and northern pike diets were dominated by non‐cisco prey fish (45%) and invertebrates (40%). The presence of a cisco population and the flexibility of northern pike to use invertebrate resources may decrease potential competition among these predators. However, cisco are threatened by climate change and eutrophication, and our results suggest that extirpation of cisco may cause major changes in potential competitive interactions among these top predators. Moreover, cisco were unique among prey species in their ability to exploit pelagic energy, such that loss of cisco will likely alter energy flow in lake food webs where they currently exist.
Prognostic impact of pretransplant measurable residual disease assessed by peripheral blood WT1‐mRNA expression in patients with AML and MDS
Authors: Rautenberg Christina , Lauseker Michael , Kaivers Jennifer , Jäger Paul , Fischermanns Carolin , Pechtel Sabrina , Haas Rainer , Kobbe Guido , Germing Ulrich , Schroeder Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveAs peripheral blood (PB) Wilm's Tumor 1 (WT1)‐mRNA expression is established as MRD‐marker during conventional AML chemotherapy, impact of pretransplant WT1 expression remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess prognostic impact of pretransplant WT1 expression on post‐transplant outcome in patients with AML/MDS.MethodsIn 64 AML/MDS patients, pretransplant WT1 expression was retrospectively analyzed using a standardized assay offering high sensitivity, specificity, and a validated cut‐off. Patients were divided into three groups determined by pretransplant remission and WT1 expression. Post‐transplant outcome of these groups was compared regarding cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), relapse‐free (RFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsPretransplant forty‐six patients (72%) showed hematologic remission, including 21 (46%) MRD‐negative and 25 (54%) MRD‐positive patients indicated by WT1 expression, while 18 refractory patients (28%) showed active disease. Two‐year estimates of post‐transplant CIR, RFS, and OS were similar in MRD‐positive (61%, 37%, 54%) and refractory patients (70%, 26%, 56%), but significantly inferior compared with MRD‐negative patients (10%, 89%, 90%). After multivariable adjustment, pretransplant MRD negativity measured by WT1 expression retained its prognostic impact on CIR (P = .008), RFS (P = .005), and OS (P = .049).ConclusionsPB WT1 expression represents a useful method to estimate pretransplant MRD, which is highly predictable for post‐transplant outcome and may help improving peri‐transplant management in AML/MDS patients.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of lateral meniscal rupture in two horses with severe lameness
Authors: Dillenbeck L. , Whitcomb M. B. , Dechant J. , Sole Guitart A. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe lateral meniscus is less frequently injured than the medial meniscus and is often more challenging to evaluate with ultrasonography or arthroscopy. This report describes two horses with lateral meniscal rupture identified ultrasonographically and confirmed on post‐mortem examination. Both horses were evaluated for severe unilateral hindlimb lameness. Ultrasonography revealed absence of lateral meniscal tissue in the mid‐body region with marked distortion cranial and caudal to the rupture. Radiographic evidence of uniaxial degenerative change heightened the suspicion for lateral femorotibial injury in one horse with chronic lameness but otherwise underestimated the degree of injury. Arthroscopy was not performed due to the severity of ultrasonographic findings but was considered unlikely to have been able to visualise the rupture given its mid‐body location. Meniscal rupture appears to be an unusual but significant injury, with only one similar case identified. The involvement of the lateral meniscus underscores the importance of detailed evaluation of both menisci in horses with stifle lameness.
Emerging Ideas. How Do Low‐Income Mothers Talk to Children About Weight and Body Shape?
Authors: Bauer Katherine W. , Branch Jacqueline M. , Appugliese Danielle P. , Pesch Megan H. , Miller Alison L. , Lumeng Julie C. , Kaciroti Niko 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveIdentify mothers' perceptions of how they talk about weight and body shape with their children and examine how approaches vary by mother and child characteristics.BackgroundYouth who report that their parents talk with them about their weight experience poor health. However, very little is known about the content of these conversations.MethodMothers and their 6‐ to 11‐year‐old children (N = 188 dyads) participated in a mixed‐methods study. Themes in mothers' responses to the interview question “How do you talk to your child about weight or body shape?” were identified, and latent class analysis was used to characterize patterns of weight and shape talk.ResultsSeven themes of weight and shape talk were identified, including talking about “Healthy Habits” (39.9%), “Avoids Weight and Body Talk” (21.8%), and tells “Cautionary Tales” (18.6%). Three patterns emerged from themes: talk to promote health, avoid talking about weight and shape, and talk to build children's self‐esteem. Mothers of children with obesity were more likely to talk to promote health versus other patterns.ConclusionThe content of family conversations about weight and shape is diverse.Implications for Emerging IdeasFuture research is needed to understand the impacts of specific ways parents talk about weight and shape.
Estimating the intrinsic dissipation using the second harmonic of the temperature signal in tension‐compression fatigue: Part I. Theory
Authors: Meneghetti Giovanni , Ricotta Mauro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn analytical framework was developed to correlate the intrinsic dissipation to the second harmonic of the temperature signal evaluated by means of the Fourier transform. The theoretical model assumes, without loss of generality, total conversion of the input mechanical energy into heat. Elastic‐perfectly plastic or elastic–plastic materials obeying a Ramberg–Osgood law are considered. For the sake of simplicity, analytical solution of the thermoelastic and plastic temperature evolutions are obtained in the case of uniform stress and temperature fields. It was found that the intrinsic dissipation is correlated to the second harmonic of the temperature signal by means of a parameter (theβparameter) that, in the case of an elastic–plastic material, depends on the cyclic hardening exponentn′.
The Indian venture capital emergence, development, and boom: A southern contextualization
Authors: Gonzalo Manuel , Kantis Hugo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEven during the current COVID‐19 crisis, venture capital (VC) is booming in India. Indian‐based VC funds grew from less than 10 at the start of the 1990s to more than 500 nowadays, with the amount of total investment continuously increasing since 2000. The aim of this paper is to contextualize the process of emergence, development, and boom of the Indian VC industry from the theoretical perspective of innovation and entrepreneurial systems, particularly incorporating contributions from Latin American and Indian authors. In doing so, we present a global, historical, and territorially grounded narrative of the Indian VC development stressing the relevance of: (a) the institutional and technological capabilities accumulated by the Indian National Innovation System (NIS) and the Indian Computer and Information Services Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (CISEE), particularly around Bangalore, (b) the role of the State (and the institutional entrepreneurs) and the timing of the STI policy oriented to the software industry, (c) the growing influence of global players such as the World Bank, the Indian American argonauts and multinational enterprises, and (d) the U.S. offshoring opportunities and the growing Indian domestic demand. We discuss these processes with a wider relevance for theoretical and policy advancement in Global South settings.