bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on Lung Functions after Examination Stress in Student Population
Authors: Fathima J. Noor , Sridevi G. , Preetha S. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Professional degrees are daunting to the learning group because of a modern curriculum that is dramatically different from high school curricula and other educational courses. It is more pronounced among first year students in educational institutions because of rivalry and demands from institution managers, academic staff and parents. Stress causes many detrimental effects in the body.
Aim: The present study planned to evaluate the effect of examination stress on the changes in lung functions among dental college students.
Materials and Methods: 20 normal students were selected and categorised into normal and stressed students. They were assessed for a lung function test using RMS helios 702 Spirometer. The parameters such as FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75 were assessed.
Results: It is observed that there was a decrease in the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75 in exam stressed students when compared to normal students. The values of FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75 were statistically significant.
Conclusion: Thus, the study concluded an innovative finding that there was an inverse association with depressive symptoms in the pulmonary function test of exam stressed students which was shown by a statistically significant decrease in FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75. Exam is really a stressful experience and affects both male and female students. Awareness should be conducted among students about ill effects of stress. Decreased stress, increased lung function results in increased academic performance.
In silico Analysis of Plant Based Quorum Sensing Inhibitor against Chromobacterium violaceum CviR
Authors: Nandini P. , Ganesh P. Sankar , Girija A. S. Smiline , Priyadharshini J. Vijayashree 
Published: November 2021

Background: Chromobacterium violaceum (C. violaceum), a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporing coccobacillus has a quorum-sensing system consisting of CviI/CviR, a homologous gene. Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism of intercellular communication in bacteria that received substantial attention as an alternate strategy for combating bacterial resistance and the development of new anti-infective agents.
Methods: DATA SET Information of photochemical from the natural source deposited as a machine readable format in PubChem database was utilized to retrieve the compound for the study. To study ligand - receptor interactions, docking paves way to accomplish the protein ligand interaction was docked through rigid docking CviR protein (PDB ID: 3QP5) was prepared and energy minimized to evaluate the best affinity among the complex.
Results: The results showed that the Alpha.,2.Alpha.- Epoxy-1.Beta.- Methyl Cholesta-4,6- Dien-3-One had high affinity for CviR receptor protein and Alpha.,2.Alpha.- Epoxy-1.Beta.- Methyl Cholesta-4,6- Dien-3-One binds to the active site of CviR with binding energy of -9.6 kcal/mol.
Conclusion: Overall study concluded that 1. Alpha., 2. Alpha.- Epoxy-1.Beta.-Methyl Cholesta-4,6-Dien-3-One with highest binding affinity for the CviR protein possessing strong inhibitory binding interaction. Hence, we concluded that 1.Alpha.,2.Alpha.-Epoxy-1.Beta.- Methyl Cholesta-4, 6-Dien-3-One good serves as potential an anti-quorum sensing molecule for treating C. violaceum infection.
Evaluation and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Physical Methods of Disinfection on Heat-Polymerized Polymethyl Methacrylate – An In-vitro Study
Authors: Soni Kapil , Choukse Vivek , Shrivastava Rajeev , Palekar Umesh , Newaskar Prabha Shakya , Awinashe Vaibhav 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The common relationship of Candida and the ample proof that acrylic resin dentures are related to denture stomatitis in the oral cavity, which can range from simple mucosal lesions to a fatal systemic form. The current study aims to assess and compare the efficacy of microwave irradiation and UV radiation in the disinfection of Candida albicans infection in heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate.
Materials and Methods: A total of 90 specimens were prepared with heat-polymerized acrylic resin, out of which 30 were used for Microwave irradiation, and 30 were used for UV irradiation, and 30 were used for positive control. There were three groups: Group A (Positive Control group); Group B (Microwave irradiation); Group C (UV radiation). After preparing the samples they were chemically sterilized, then infected with C. Albicans, and again Group B is disinfected with Microwave irradiation, Group C is disinfected by UV light and Group A is kept as Positive control without disinfection. Turbidity was measured for each group after re-infection of every specimen in CFU/ml.
Results: In the present study, the CFU/ml of Candida albicans in the control group was 2.97x107±0.6 x 107 (P= .000), for microwave irradiation, the mean value was 5.3±11.1 (P= .000), and for UV radiation, the mean value was 19.3±22.9 (P= .003).
Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, microwave irradiation (6 minutes at 650W) is more effective than UV radiation (10 minutes each side at 254nm wavelength) of Candida albicans infection on the heat-polymerized acrylic resin in laboratory conditions.
Sensitivity of Plasma Micro RNAs as a Probable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Biomarker and its Significance
Authors: Sultan Zarmeen , Tufail Zuby , Siddiqa Muazzma 
Published: November 2021

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the chief origin of death due to cancer. The development of a less invasive diagnostic technique for NSCLC, especially at the beginning, can improve outcomes. By means of microarray platforms, we formerly diagnosed 12 microRNAs (miRNAs) abnormally expressed in primary cancer cells associated with early NSCLC.
Objective: In this study, we will extend previous studies to determine if miRNAs may be beneficial as a NSCLC potential plasma biomarker.
Methods: We primarily confirmed miRNA expression from PCR of 32 stage one NSCLC patients with lung tumor and plasma specimens were assessed, then assessed the investigative value of plasma miRNAs in 61 patients of NSCLC and 30 normal subjects. It was confirmed that the alteration of MiRNA expression influences the regeneration of neoplastic tumors. MiRNAs were steady and reliable in plasma measurements. The cohort consisted of 21 men and 11 women. Their age ranges from 47 to 80 years. AC tumors were classified in 17 and SCC in 15 patients. smoking packets use in these patients were 39 ± 28. In addition, IV blood were taken from healthy subjects with matched data distribution to studied group as age, race, sex and smoking, and aided as a control to evaluate fluctuations in plasma in cancer patients.
Results: Five out of 12 miRNAs showed a significant change of level in plasma and the corresponding tumor tissue (all r40850, all P< 0.05). Four genes (miRNA-126, 21, 486-5 and 210p) set the best logistic regression pattern, with 87% sensitivity and 97% of specificity of at the time of NSCLC in differentiating from healthy patients. Moreover, the miRNA genes generated a sensitivity of 79.41% and 92.59% of specificity in patients diagnosed with SCC and AC. Moreover, genes have specificity of 96.67% in the analysis of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. (P less than 0.05). A change in square miRNA expression may offer potential NSCLC blood-derived biomarker.
Conclusion: Finally, we show that miRNA expression identified from surgical tumor tissue can be easily and correctly determined in plasma. Though, prominently, a plasma miRNA recognition panel would be cast-off as a less invasive analytic method for NSCLC, including long-term adenocarcinoma. However, the presence of an independent potential biomarker requires further verification.
Comparison of Clinical Success between Three Different Materials- Direct Pulp Capping of Carious Molars- An In-vivo Study
Authors: Selvendran K. E. , Ahamed A. Shafie , Krishnamurthy Madhuram , Kumar V. Naveen , Raju Vignesh Guptha 
Published: November 2021

Aim: To evaluate the clinical success of Calcium Hydroxide (CH), Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine as pulp capping materials for Direct pulp capping in carious molars.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-six molars of thirty-six patients with deep caries lesions, diagnosed with reversible pulpitis were subjected to direct pulp capping treatment. They were randomly divided into three groups, Biodentine (12 teeth) or MTA group (12 teeth) or CH group (12teeth). Simple randomization of three was employed to allocate the treatment materials. Patients were recalled at one, three and six months to evaluate the clinical success of the treatment outcome.
Results: In clinical trial/study, the pulp capping materials gave different success rate, 91.67% success in the Biodentine group, 75% success in the MTA group and 41.67% success in Calcium Hydroxide group.
Conclusion: In our study the materials tested at 1 month, 3 month and 6-month follow-up, Calcium Silicate materials are better than calcium hydroxide and comparably Biodentine is better than MTA for Direct pulp capping.
Clinical Significance: The findings of this clinical trial could promote the reliability of pulp capping materials for treatment of deep carious lesions by conservative approach rather than opting endodontic management.
Regeneration in Crustaceans and Insects
Authors: Khan Sumbul J , Schuster Keaton J , Smith‐Bolton Rachel K 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany animal species have the capability to regenerate lost body parts. How regeneration takes place and why animals have varying potentials for regeneration remain active questions for biologists. The field of regenerative biology has witnessed unprecedented advances in the last several years owing to the availability of molecular and genomics tools and the establishment of many animal models. Regeneration research in arthropods has a long history, with extensive insights achieved from using model organisms from the taxa Crustacea and Insecta. Studies in animals ranging from fiddler crabs to crickets have revealed much about the different stages of regeneration, such as wound healing, blastema formation, growth, proliferation and patterning, as well as how hormonal control and systemic signalling impact regenerative capacity. The molecular and genetic insights achieved from studying these simpler model organisms have the potential to impact the field of regenerative biology by identifying conserved mechanisms of regeneration.Key ConceptsRegeneration studies use the fiddler crab, crayfish, sand hopper, red flour beetle, fruit fly, cockroach, cricket and silverfish.For amputated limbs, wounds heal by a combination of rapid closure of the wound with a scab or autotomy membrane, and migration of cells into the wound.Imaginal disc wound closure involves cytoskeletal‐driven cell shape changes and zippering together of the epithelium, without cell migration.A regeneration blastema, or zone of proliferating cells, forms after both external limb amputation and imaginal disc damage.Growth of the blastema requires similar signals in multiple model organisms, including growth factor signalling in response to FGFs and EGFR activity, Wg/WNT signalling and Hippo signalling.Many developmental patterning genes are also required for patterning during regeneration. However, knockdown of these patterning genes revealed additional roles in regeneration beyond those observed during normal development.Some plasticity in cell fate enables replacement of lost cell types.Signals at the wound can alter pattern and cell fate, generating ectopic eye spots in butterflies and requiring the activity of a protective factor that stabilises cell fate gene expression during regeneration in fruit flies.Hormonal signalling, which controls moulting and metamorphosis, limits regenerative capacity. In some model organisms, tissue damage can influence hormone production and the timing of moults and metamorphosis.
Phagocytosis: Enhancement
Authors: Peiser Leanne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhagocytosis is the process of cellular engulfment of particles. Professional phagocytes, such as macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, are the most efficient at mediating particle ingestion though nonprofessional phagocytes, such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells, can ingest neighbouring dying cells. Pathogen ingestion for killing and antigen processing for presentation are important components of innate and acquired immunity, and removal of dying cells is critical for tissue homeostasis. The uptake of pathogens, tissue debris or apoptotic cells may be enhanced by coating the particle with host molecules called opsonins, which allow the recognition and subsequent ingestion of the particles by phagocytic receptors. There are numerous opsonins, including complement‐derived proteins such as iC3b and immunoglobulin G, which are recognised by specialised receptors including complement receptor type 3 and FcγR. The failure of efficient uptake of particles and apoptotic cell debris can have deleterious effects on the host such as leading to the spread of infection and the generation of autoimmune conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CR3 and FcγR are the most studied of the opsonic phagocytic receptors.Key ConceptsPhagocytic receptors can recognise their particle by either direct binding or indirectly after it is coated with host molecules called opsonins.Professional phagocytic cells, such as dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages, express numerous receptors capable of mediating particle ingestion.Enhanced phagocytic uptake of pathogens and dying cells is mediated by a number of overlapping opsonins and phagocytic receptors.Ingested particles are recognised by a number of different receptors which may cooperate with each other to modulate their function/activity.Though multiple receptors can mediate phagocytosis, there are subtle differences in their signalling and cell biology that can result in different cellular outcomes downstream of uptake.Removal of apoptotic cells by professional phagocytes typically results in the release of antiinflammatory mediators, while phagocytosis of pathogens can cause inflammation.Defects in the removal of both pathogens and apoptotic cells can lead to increased susceptibility to infection and autoimmune diseases.
Does active or passive signaling support integration of text and graphs?
Authors: Ring Malte , Brahm Taiga , Richter Juliane , Scheiter Katharina , Randler Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntegrating multiple representations into a coherent mental model is one of the challenges when learning with multimedia. In this experimental study (N = 173), we examined how highlighting corresponding information in text‐graph learning material can help higher education students to make the necessary connections and improve learning outcomes in two domains. We compared a control condition to a signaling condition with given highlights and an active signaling condition where students were asked to visually highlight corresponding text and graph information themselves. There was no overall benefit of given signals or active signaling. We discuss prior knowledge and the quality of learner‐generated signals as possible explanations. For biology learning material, prior knowledge moderated the effect of active signaling. In economics, the effect of prior knowledge was mediated by the quality of learner‐generated correspondences. Our findings suggest that different methods of supporting text‐graph integration might be useful for different students and learning material.
Kirigami Reconfigurable Gradient Metasurface
Authors: Zheng Yilin , Chen Ke , Yang Weixu , Wu Linxiao , Qu Kai , Zhao Junming , Jiang Tian , Feng Yijun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKirigami technique, a method to reconfigure structures via mechanical approaches, has received much attention in material science, due to its versatile and unconventional structural transformations. The counterparts in the electromagnetic metamaterial field has recently allowed for the tunable control of electromagnetic responses. However, they are limited to global tuning of absorption, chirality, etc., leaving much potential of controlling spatially varying distribution and therefore the optical wavefront unexploited. Here, the authors propose a class of kirigami‐based reconfigurable gradient metasurfaces through which the electromagnetic wavefront can be tuned over continuous‐state ranges by changing the meta‐structures from folded (compact) to unfolded (large surface) configurations. As the proof‐of‐concept, meta‐devices including switchable anomalous refractor and reconfigurable metalens are demonstrated both in simulations and experiments. Moreover, a new paradigm to mitigate chromatic dispersion is also realized by the kirigami‐based reconfigurable metalens, which is able to keep the focal length unchanged over a continuous frequency band by setting metalens with various folding states. Their approach provides a new alternative for designing reconfigurable gradient metasurface with additional mechanical properties and may have potential applications in advanced devices such as reconfigurable optical components and imaging system.
Stapled Liposomes Enhance Cross‐Priming of Radio‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Yu , Hou Xiaoxue , Chai Jingshan , Zhang Zhanzhan , Xue Xue , Huang Fan , Liu Jianfeng , Shi Linqi , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe release of tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) and their cross‐presentation in dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for radio‐immunotherapy. However, the irradiation resistance of tumor cells usually results in limited TAA generation and release. Importantly, TAAs internalized by DCs are easily degraded in lysosomes, resulting in unsatisfactory extent of TAA cross‐presentation. Herein, an antigen‐capturing stapled liposome (ACSL) with a robust structure and bioactive surface is developed. The ACSLs capture and transport TAAs from lysosomes to the cytoplasm in DCs, thereby enhancing TAA cross‐presentation. l‐arginine encapsulated in ACSLs induces robust T cell‐dependent antitumor response and immune memory in 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice after local irradiation, resulting in significant tumor suppression and an abscopal effect. Replacing l‐arginine with radiosensitizers, photosensitizers, and photothermal agents may make ACSL a universal platform for the rapid development of various combinations of anticancer therapies.
Scalable Carbon Black Enhanced Nanofiber Network Films for High‐Efficiency Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Zhang Rong , Zhou Yuewei , Xiang Bo , Zeng Xujia , Luo Yanlong , Meng Xiangkang , Tang Shaochun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeveloping cost‐effective interfacial solar steam generation devices based on advanced structured materials for water desalination is highly desired. Herein, a high‐efficiency solar steam generation based on a novel solar energy receiver of carbon black (CB)‐based composite nanofiber networks with designed integrated 2D water path is reported. The receiver having a two‐layer structure is prepared by a one‐step electrospinning a suspension of CB particles in cellulose acetate (CA) onto a porous PET substrate. The upper hydrophilic CA/CB nanofiber layer works for light absorption and water evaporation and the bottom hydrophilic PET layer is vertically inserted into the water to act as 2D water path in charge of water pumping for improved efficiency of water supply and minimized heat loss. The solar evaporator demonstrates an ultrahigh evaporation rate of 1.48 kg m–2 h–1 and solar energy conversion efficiency of 98.6% under 1 kW m–2 (1‐sun) illumination. Especially, the conversion efficiency is much superior over the values of the most previous ones, while the developed technique offers great potential for low‐cost and large‐scale production.
Crop insurance participation and cover crop use: Evidence from Indiana county‐level data
Authors: Connor Lawson , Rejesus Roderick M. , Yasar Mahmut 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines whether crop insurance participation reduces incentives to use cover crops in corn and soybean production. To achieve this objective, we utilize 2006–2015 county‐level longitudinal data with information on cover crop adoption and crop insurance participation for the State of Indiana. Cover crop adoption information is collected from a remote sensing (satellite‐based) data set of soil health practices. Linear fixed effect (FE) models and instrumental variable FE models are used in the empirical analysis to take advantage of the panel nature of the data and address potential endogeneity issues. Our results suggest that while crop insurance coverage may play a role in “disincentivizing” cover crop use, it is likely not a major driver in the cover crop adoption decision (i.e., the magnitude of the effect is small). Therefore, further research and policy attention toward other potential mechanisms that can likely have a larger impact on cover crop uptake may be a better approach (e.g., enhanced outreach programs and/or additional targeted conservation payments).
Outcome of older adults at risk of frailty
Authors: Gunasekaran Venugopalan , Subramanian Manicka Saravanan , Singh Vishwajeet , Dey Aparajit Ballav 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe integral part of the definition of frailty is the outcome associated with it. Older adults at risk of frailty are in the process of becoming frail. This study looked at the clinical characteristics and outcomes of older adults at risk of frailty.MethodologyThe study population was selected from outpatient department of the geriatric medicine department in a tertiary care hospital. Older adults identified as at risk of frailty were assessed at baseline and then followed up after 1 year for the composite primary outcome of death, falls, hospitalization, and self‐rated poor quality of life in the follow‐up period.ResultsThe study included 324 older adults who had completed 1‐year follow up. Mean (SD) age was 74.49 (4.58) years, and males were 241 (74.15%). Frail and pre‐frail at baseline among the study population were 31.17% and 61.11%, respectively. The primary outcome occurred in 43 (13.27%) patients. Poor baseline IADL was significantly associated with primary outcome at the end of 1 year.ConclusionAn unfavorable outcome in older adults at risk of frailty was significantly higher and independent of their baseline frailty status. Poor baseline IADL value may be considered as a predictor for primary outcome at 1 year of follow up.
A Chiral Pool Approach for Total Synthesis of (+)‐Diaportinol, (−)‐Peniisocoumarin H and (+) & (−)‐Desmethyldiaportinol; Their Structural Revision
Authors: Ranganayakulu Sunnapu , Syam Aswathi , Rajendar Goreti 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFirst stereoselective total synthesis of (+)‐diaportinol, (−)‐peniisocoumarin H and (+)‐ & (−)‐desmethyldiaportinol is demonstrated and their absolute stereochemistry was revised accordingly. A convergent approach has been developed that uses L‐malic acid as chiral synthons for the synthesis of 2, and D‐malic acid for 1 and 3. O,O‐Dimethylorsellinic acid ester was prepared and coupled with Weinreb amide 6 or 6D via lateral lithiation carbonylation and a subsequent base catalyzed cyclization provided the isochromenone moiety and a selective deprotection was achieved using BBr3.