bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inspraak of Samenspraak ? : Voorwaarden tot, kenmerken en gevolgen van een breuklijnoverstijgende catch-all partij
Authors: Beke Wouter 
Published: July 2021

Political parties are at the centre of democratic and parliamentary systems. The current classic political parties are expressions of societal cleavages of the nineteenth and twentieth century. After the Second World War, those parties look for new strategies to assure important parts of the electorate. One of the strategies is to integrate the existent cleavages into the party itself. But this kind of integration is not without ideological and organisational consequences. These cleavages manifest themselves within the party as subgroups and have to respect some overarching loyalties. As far as the internal decision making process is concerned, they have some consequences as well. Rules of pacification have to be respected when the integration of cleavages has to be recognizable and successful. The disadvantage of these rules of pacification is the absence of a formal active involvement of the party on the ground. At the same time, the presence of subgroups can lead to realdemocratic involvement and even discourage oligarchie tendencies.
Europeanisering en centralisering : Een verkennend onderzoek naar de plaats van de Europese Unie in de organisatie van de Belgische politieke partijen
Authors: Van Assche Martine , Deschouwer Kris 
Published: July 2021

The European Union affects the internal organisation of national political parties. We found 'traces of Europe' in the party statutes of all Belgian parties that are represented in the European Parliament since 1999. Europe is, to a greater or lesser extent, present in party goals, rules on party membership and party organs. Parties have elaborated rules for the organisation of European elections, for the selection of European executives, for the formulation of party programmes, and for internal and external co-ordination of policy formulation. At first sight these rules seem to confirm the hypothesis that Europe is in the first place a concern of party leadership, and that it reinforces centralisation of decision-making. Yet the full confirmation of this hypothesis requires further comparative research on the Europeanisation of political parties.
Les élections législatives du 18 mai 2003 Analyse des résultats
Authors: Fraeys William 
Published: July 2021

After four years of a so called «Rainbow» coalition, which had the support of the Socialists (red), the Liberals (blue) and the Greens, the electorate rewarded the first two political families and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Greens. The latter lost nearly 60 % of their electorate, which had occurred only once before to a political party since the introduction of universal suffrage in Belgium in 1919. The outcome of the elections is fairly similar in the three regions of the country.In Flanders, the Socialists progress by more than 8 %, reaping the benefits of the alliance formed with «Spirit», one of the successor parties of the former Volksunie. Half of the Socialists' progress can be attributed to this effect. Moreover, the Socialist party started off from an absolute low hit in 1999 and has not regained its top scores of the 1960s. The advance of the Liberal VLD is more modest, (some 2.5 %), but it followed upon excellent previous results. With some 25 % of the vote, the VLD, which is the first party in Flanders, has reached an absolute high.Conversely, the Christian Democrats of the CD&V slightly regress, thereby continuing a downward trend. These results take them to their historical low, and make them into Flanders ' third party, with some 21.9 % of the vote. Agalev, the Green party, no langer has any representation in parliarnent and falls back from11 to 3.85 %. The far right, the Vlaams Blok, continues its advance and reaches 17,86 %, an increase of2,5 %.In Wallonia too one observes a significant advance of the Socialists. The PS remains the first party in the South of the country with 36.39 % of the vote, progressing by 7 %. It exceeds all its results of the previous twelve years, without however reaching its earlier highs. The Liberals of the Mouvement Réformateur (MR) gain 3.65 % and are at their historical high with 28.38 % of the vote. The Christian Democrats, under the denomination CDH (Centre democrate humaniste) slip back by some 1.5 %, but this decline is almost equivalent to the result of a dissident list of the CDH, which had wanted to maintain «christian» as a reference. This doesn't alter the fact that the Christian Democrats have also reached their all time low.The Greens, Ecolo, lose some 57 % of their vote and stand at 7.45 %. In contrast with 1999, one observes a slight advance ofthe Front National, a far right party, that only obtained 5.56 % of the vote however. With the exception ofan increase in the French and a decline in the Flemish vote, the Brussels districts show the same characteristics as the two other regions of the country; a very significant advance of the Socialists, a slight increase in the Liberal vote, the collapse of the Greens; the status quo ofthe Christian Democrats and an advance of the far right with almost 2 %.The 2003 election therefore seems to be a correction on the 1999 one, where the advance of the greens had been amplified by the dioxineJood scare. But the width of the swing makes it into one of the elections where the volatility of the vote will have been the highest.
Correlación del sistema de catalogación de los nódulos tiroideos TI-RADS y los resultados de la biopsia aspirado con aguja fina en pacientes entre las edades de 21 a 65 años en un hospital de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, durante el período agosto 2017- enero 2018
Authors: Díaz Jacquelín , Gonzalez Irvin , Tavarez Lisely , Sosa Daniela , Cuevas Alexis , Calderón Daniela , Estévez Alexa , Kawas Elena , Ruiz Carolina 
Published: July 2021

Introducción: uno de los motivos más frecuentes de consulta en el área de Endocrinología es la presencia de nódulos tiroideos. Esta patología, localizada en la glándula tiroides se estima que afecta del 4 % al 7 % de la población dominicana, teniendo predominio en mujeres.
Objetivo: correlacionar el sistema de catalogación de los nódulos tiroideos TI-RADS y los resultados de la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina en pacientes de 21 a 65 años de edad en un hospital de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, durante el período agosto 2017- enero 2018.
Metodología: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, observacional y de corte transversal en el que se analizaron las historias médicas de 34 pacientes del área de endocrinología en un hospital.
Resultados: el índice de correlación entre el sistema de catalogación de los nódulos tiroideos TI-RADS y los resultados de la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina fue de 0 %, según el coeficiente de Kappa, mostrando un coeficiente de correlación bajo entre los dos estudios.
Conclusiones: la correlación entre los diagnósticos dados por los sistemas de catalogación difirió en su totalidad a la hipótesis nula, presentando un 0 %. El grupo etario que presentó mayor frecuencia de la patología tiroidea fue desde finales de la cuarta hasta la mitad de la quinta década de vida (48-56 años de edad), en un 57.14 %, con predominio de un 100 % en el sexo femenino. La edad promedio de los pacientes que presentaron la patología tiroidea fue de 47 años.
Experiencia acumulada con casos de bezoar por el departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Infantil Doctor Robert Reid Cabral (HIRRC), República Dominicana
Authors: Alcántara Elvyn , Roa Firelys , Espinosa Juan , Duarte Esfraylin , Feliz Luis 
Published: July 2021

La obstrucción intestinal puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, desde recién nacidos hasta adultos. La etiología de la obstrucción varía mucho, dependiendo de la edad y antecedentes quirúrgicos del paciente. Causas congénitas comunes que incluyen atresia, estenosis, malrotación, enfermedad de Hirschsprung, ano imperforado y meconio las enfermedades del recién nacido, pero también pueden ser otras las causas de obstrucción, como la ingestión de varios cuerpos extraños, incluidos cacahuetes, fitobezoares, tricobezoares y pica en personas con discapacidad mental, falta de nutrientes en pacientes con déficit alimentario puede causar obstrucción intestinal parcial o completa en los niños, así como trastornos del crecimiento debido a desnutrición. Las ubicaciones comunes de obstrucción intestinal causada por cuerpos extraños incluyen la salida gástrica; como se evidencia en el síndrome de Rapunzel, y el íleon terminal. La ingestión de múltiples imanes conlleva su propio conjunto de riesgos de obstrucción intestinal, vólvulo y fístulas intestinales y, por lo general, requiere exploración quirúrgica.
Señales aterogénicas tempranas y aterosclerosis subclínica en niños y adolescentes con diagnóstico reciente de prediabetes
Authors: Navarrete Cabrera Juliette , Cabrera Rego Julio Oscar , Ferrer Arrocha Marlene , Benítez Esther Cabrera , Burgos Cabrera Alicia , González Hernández Obdulio 
Published: July 2021

Introducción: el inicio de la prediabetes en edades pediátricas se ha convertido en un problema cada vez más frecuente, donde la obesidad juega un papel relevante. Los pacientes con prediabetes en la infancia presentan una alta prevalencia de señales aterogénicas tempranas (SAT), las cuales constituyen factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular, esto conduce a una alteración precoz de la función endotelial.
Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre las SAT detectadas y la aterosclerosis subclínica en niños y adolescentes con diagnóstico reciente de prediabetes.
Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con 31 niños y adolescentes entre 5 y 18 años de edad con diagnóstico reciente de prediabetes, atendidos en el Instituto de Endocrinología de Cuba, durante noviembre 2015 a noviembre 2016. Las principales variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos familiares y personales, presencia de obesidad abdominal, tensión arterial, lipidograma, resistencia a la insulina, disfunción endotelial (DE) y grosor íntima media carotideo (GIMC).
Resultados: predominaron los adolescentes, el sexo masculino, los antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y personales de obesidad. La obesidad abdominal, tensión arterial normal, lipidograma normal y resistencia insulínica caracterizaron a los pacientes. Se detectó DE en el 19,3 % de los pacientes y GIMC aumentado en el 58 %. En los pacientes con DE y GIMC aumentado, predominó la obesidad abdominal y la resistencia a la insulina.
Conclusiones: desde el momento del diagnóstico de la prediabetes puede existir aterosclerosis subclínica en niños y adolescentes que presentan varias SAT asociadas.
Aplicación de las propiedades nutracéuticas y estabilizantes del mesocarpio y exocarpio del maracuyá en la obtención de una bebida natural de chinola-piña
Authors: Paniagua Dileisys A. , Vicioso Katiuska M. , Valdez Niover G. 
Published: July 2021

Introducción: este estudio consistió en el desarrollo de una bebida natural de maracuyá-piña, utilizando el exocarpio, mesocarpio y endocarpio del maracuyá como estabilizante y enriquecedor nutritivo de la bebida, convirtiéndolo así en un producto nutracéutico. El mesocarpio del maracuyá puede ser aprovechado por los macronutrientes y micronutrientes que contiene, por sus pigmentos, y por el contenido de varios nutrientes con propiedades terapéuticas.
Material y método: para lograr este objetivo se prepararon pulpas especiales tratadas con biomoléculas que permiten desagregar el material vegetal del cual están compuestas las frutas dejando disponible todos los nutrientes que contiene.
Resultado: de este proceso se obtuvo un jugo estable en su turbidez con un color y olor bastante acentuado, relacionado con las frutas que fueron utilizadas en la investigación. Además, se obtuvo un jugo en donde los nutrientes y moléculas bioactivas atrapadas en el mesocarpio y en el pericarpio de la fruta ahora están disponibles para su inmediata absorción en el organismo humano.
Conclusión: el producto tratado con biocatalizador presentó mayor estabilidad y mayores propiedades nutracéuticas que el jugo sin ese tratamiento.
Overview of software designated for the analysis of fire resistance of building structures exposed to various fire models
Authors: Eremina T. Yu. , Korolchenko D. A. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. When analyzing the fire safety of a facility, the conformity of actual limits of fire resistance of structures to the requirements of statutory documents is checked. Due to the complexity of the equations describing real systems and an extensive number of iterations required to obtain accurate results, software is used to perform calculations. One of the main goals of the paper is to analyze the software designated for the analysis of the fire resistance of building structures in case of different fire models. The paper presents an analysis of the criteria for the evaluation of software programs and their classification, evaluation of recommendations for choosing fire safety software in compliance with the specific requirements of users.Main (analytical) part. The paper analyzes various models of fires, taking into account the stages of fire spread, thermal and mechanical effects on structures exposed to fire, and prerequisites for their use by the software designated for the analysis of the fire resistance of building structures. Fire resistance models of structures, zone and field models, as well as models used to calculate evacuation time and detector response time when solving related problems are considered. The classification of software programmes is analyzed subject to the type of problems to be solved: the behavior of a structure exposed to high temperatures and mechanical impacts in case of real fire, and requirements applicable to safe structures. Certain estimates and assumptions, necessary for specialists to use software in their calculations, are considered.Conclusions. Recommendations on the choice of fire safety assurance software, meeting the specific needs of users, are provided.
Using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy to study the ageing of intumescent ﬁre-proof coatings
Authors: Umrikhina M. Yu. , Shorokhova T. O. , Pyankova L. A. , Kudryavtsev A. A. , Utkin S. V. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The ﬁre protection of metal structures is a relevant present-day problem; its solution implies better ﬁre resistance performance of structures attainable through the application of intumescent ﬁre-proof coatings whose service life expectancy is limited.Goals and objectives. Comprehensive studies of domestically made coating samples were performed to analyze the changes in the chemical composition of intumescent coatings containing ammonium polyphosphate, melamine, and pentaerythritol. The samples were exposed to artiﬁcial climatic ageing (3, 6, and 9 years). Methods. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to study the appearance of samples, the morphology of inclusions and the surface microstructure. X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy were employed to study the phase and structural states of samples, and the swelling ratio of ﬁre-proof coatings was also examined.Results and discussion. It’s been found out that the swelling ratio of samples goes down to a signiﬁcant extent as the time progresses, and when the residual life of a coating reaches 30 %, the ﬁre resistance limit of the structure goes down. Sample ageing is the reason for gradual phase composition changes due to the melamine content reduction by 40 %, ammonium polyphosphate content reduction by 15 % and redistribution of other components that change the microstructure of coatings, as well as their ﬁre retarding properties.Conclusions. The changes, inﬂuencing the ability of a coating to maintain its ﬁre retarding efﬁciency as declared by the manufacturer, take place in the course of operation of a coating exposed to external factors. The regularities, identiﬁed by virtue of this research, can be used to study the samples taken at ﬁre-proofed facilities to identify deviations from the initial condition of a coating and to forecast its actual service life.
The kinetics of intumescent ﬂame retardant foaming
Authors: Arkhangelsky I. V. , Godunov I. A. , Yashin N. V. , Naganovskii Yu. K. , Shornikova O. N. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Intumescent ﬂame retardants are intensively used as passive ﬁre protection means. Under ﬁre conditions, these coatings foam and turn into coke, which turns into ash. These products have various ﬁre resistant properties. These transformations are possible due to the foaming process, whose kinetics determines the ﬁre protective characteristics of the compositions used. The paper considers the kinetics of the foaming process in the course of the pyrolysis of four different foaming compositions. The classical triad was used as a thermally expanding agent for the three of them, it includes ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and melamine, and the fourth one has intercalated graphite.Research methods. Thermal analysis is widely used to identify and study various materials, substances and ﬁre retardants. However, we have not found any kinetic studies performed using methods of thermal analysis in the literature. In this work, methods of non-isothermal kinetics are used to identify the mechanism of foaming. For this purpose, four series of thermogravimetric tests were carried out at different heating rates for each composition under study. The results of the experiment made it possible to solve inverse and direct kinetic problems and identify mechanisms of the processes.Results and discussion. Methods of non-isothermal kinetics were employed to show that low-temperature stages of thermolysis can be considered as gross-one-stage processes for all samples. The solution of the direct kinetic problem has helped to identify that the limiting foaming stage is described by the Avrami – Erofeev equation for all compositions under study, while the values of kinetic parameters differ signiﬁcantly. Consequently, foaming proceeds are similar for samples having different compositions. The foaming of the sample containing intercalated graphite depends on heating conditions.Conclusions. It was identiﬁed that the studied compositions transform into the viscous-ﬂuid state at high temperatures. In this case, the limiting stage of the foaming process is the nucleation of primary bubbles in the volume of the liquid phase. This process determines the kinetics of foaming, coke properties and its thermophysical characteristics.
Screens surrounding openings in floor slabs of public buildings
Authors: Prisadkov V. I. , Ushakov D. V. , Abashkin A. A. , Zueva A. S. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Screens often surround openings in the floor slabs of atrium buildings to prevent the spread of fire hazards to higher floors and to improve the efficiency of smoke ventilation systems. In this article, the co-authors assess the expediency of installing screens around openings in the floor slabs and identify the best screen height values. In this article, the co-authors perform a quantitative analysis of the ability of screens to prevent the propagation of hazardous fire factors, to identify general regularities typical for a multi-level space, and to develop recommendations for the installation of screens inside public buildings. The co-authors suggest that screen height should be a solution to the following tradeoff problem: the use of screens reduces acceptable evacuation time for the floor that has screens installed and rises the evacuation time for higher floors.Rational screen height selection algorithm. The co-authors propose the following algorithm for the two-stage selection of the rational screen height. At the first stage, the evacuation problem is resolved. As a result, evacuation completion time is determined for emergency exits. Further, acceptable evacuation time and the time needed to block emergency floor exits are identified for a particular type of a fire alarm system.At the second stage, the dynamics of hazardous fire factors in building rooms is assessed for various screen heights. As a result, the rational height of screens is established for the evacuation time to remain positive.Conclusions. Screen height values cannot be determined in advance. Each case requires an individual approach that entails the resolution of evacuation problems and the tracking of the dynamics of hazardous fire factors in buildings that have multi-height spaces. These ideas are in line with the concept of flexible regulation of fire protection systems designated for construction facilities.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL STEEL JOINTS AND CONNECTION: SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Karpilovsky Viktor , Kriksunov Eduard , Perelmuter Anatoly , Yurchenko Vitalina 
Published: July 2021

The paper presents COMET software which enables to design steel structural joints widely used in civil and industrial engineering. Algorithm for designing each joint prototype has been presented as a set of operations implementing the rules for determining the interrelated values of the joint parameters. Each prototype is developed as an independent program that performs a full cycle of designing the joint and verification of the joint parameters according to the specified design codes.
Searching of unknown joint parameters has been transformed to a decision making problem based on analysis of the joint mathematical model. Automatic searching of unknown joint parameters has been implemented as a multiple targeted improvement of a certain initial joint design in order to satisfy load-carrying capacity constraints taking into account the structural and assortment-based constraints. Multiple improvement of current joint design is performed on the basis of sensitivity analysis relative to variation of governing joint parameters.
The Late Charles Samuel Jackson, ESQ, M.A.
Authors: Lynam C.C. 
Published: July 2021

The news of the sudden decease of the above named gentleman, who was a mathematical master at the “Shop” for a period of more than a quarter of a century, will be received with feelings of profound regret by many officers of the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers.Mr. Jackson left evening study (7.15) on the 17th October in his usual health, but was picked up unconscious just outside the West Lodge at 7.30 p.m., and conveyed to the Plumstead Infirmary, where he died the morning after without having regained consciousness.Nothing was known of the sad occurrence in the “Shop” until after his death. So passed away one who was universally respected and esteemed, and who was held in great regard by all who knew him, both from his refined and gentle character and high intellectual attainments.