bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artemether and aspterric acid induce pancreatic alpha cells to transdifferentiate into beta cells in zebrafish
Authors: Jia Jianxin , Kang Qi , Liu Shunzhi , Song Yabin , Wong Florence Susan , Qiu Yingkun , Li Mingyu 
Published: December 2021

Background and PurposeRecently, the antimalarial drug, artemether and the neurotransmitter GABA were identified to convert alpha cells into beta‐like cells in vivo. However, some of these observations were challenged by other studies. To help address the controversy, we took advantage of zebrafish as a model to perform this study.Experimental ApproachFirst, we performed a small‐molecule screening for artemether and its skeleton analogues. Second, we used the Cre‐LoxP system for lineage tracing to indicate the conversion of alpha cells into beta cells in vivo. The stable transgenic ins2:eGFP αTC1‐6‐cell line was used for evaluation of alpha‐cell transdifferentiation in vitro. We further used multiple zebrafish transgenic and mutation lines to demonstrate beta‐cell differentiation, beta‐cell ablation and alpha‐cell hyperplasia in this study.Key ResultsWe showed that artemether and another sesquiterpene, aspterric acid, induced alpha‐cell transdifferentiation into beta cells, both in zebrafish as well as using αTC1‐6 cells. Furthermore, these two compounds also converted alpha cells into beta cells when beta cells were lost or alpha cells were hyperplastic in zebrafish. Unlike the previous report, the conversion of alpha cells to beta cells was mediated by increasing Pax4 expression, but not suppression of Arx expression.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur data suggest that in zebrafish and αTC1‐6 cells, both artemether and aspterric acid induce alpha‐cell transdifferentiation. Our data, along with those of Li et al. (2017), suggested that artemether and aspterric acid were able to induce alpha‐cell transdifferentiation, at least in zebrafish and αTC1‐6 cells.
Investigating the role of somatic sequencing platforms for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in a large UK cohort
Authors: Winzeler Bettina , Tufton Nicola , S. Lim Eugenie , Challis Ben G. , Park Soo‐Mi , Izatt Louise , Carroll Paul V. , Velusamy Anand , Hulse Tony , Whitelaw Benjamin C. , Martin Ezequiel , Rodger Fay , Maranian Melanie , Clark Graeme R. , A. Akker Scott , Maher Eamonn R. , Casey Ruth T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesPhaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumours with malignant potential and a hereditary basis in almost 40% of patients. Germline genetic testing has transformed the management of PPGL enabling stratification of surveillance approaches, earlier diagnosis and predictive testing of at‐risk family members. Recent studies have identified somatic mutations in a further subset of patients, indicating that molecular drivers at either a germline or tumour level can be identified in up to 80% of PPGL cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of somatic sequencing in a large cohort of patients with PPGL in the United Kingdom.Design and PatientsProspectively collected matched germline and tumour samples (development cohort) and retrospectively collected tumour samples (validation cohort) of patients with PPGL were investigated.MeasurementsClinical characteristics of patients were assessed and tumour and germline DNA was analysed using a next‐generation sequencing strategy. A screen for variants within ‘mutation hotspots’ in 68 human cancer genes was performed.ResultsOf 141 included patients, 45 (32%) had a germline mutation. In 37 (26%) patients one or more driver somatic variants were identified including 26 likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants and 19 variants of uncertain significance. Pathogenic somatic variants, observed in 25 (18%) patients, were most commonly identified in the VHL, NF1, HRAS and RET genes. Pathogenic somatic variants were almost exclusively identified in patients without a germline mutation (all but one), suggesting that somatic sequencing is likely to be most informative for those patients with negative germline genetic test results.ConclusionsSomatic sequencing may further stratify surveillance approaches for patients without a germline genetic driver and may also inform targeted therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic disease.
Rethinking Measurement 101: Lessons Learned from Teachers
Authors: Welch Catherine J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs an associate editor for EM:IP these past 3 years, I have had the opportunity to review and reflect upon a variety of manuscripts. Consistent with the journal's mission statement, most manuscripts strive to provide a better understanding of educational measurement issues. However, few address the practical importance to educators and users of assessment information. Based on interactions with practicing K–12 teachers over this same period of time, I use this opportunity to suggest that teachers, as the largest audience of educational assessment results, can help the measurement community identify the issues of greatest importance and shape our responses to these issues.
Are we contributing to the opioid epidemic? A systematic review on systemic opioid use in dermatology
Authors: Pourali Sarah P. , Gutierrez Yasmin , Jones Madison E. , Rajkumar Jeffrey R. , Kucharik Alison H. , Armstrong April W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough dermatologists treat many painful skin conditions and perform procedures that may require analgesic use, there is a lack of evidence synthesis on opioid use in dermatology.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the evidence on the use of opioid analgesics in dermatology.MethodsWe applied the PRISMA guidelines and systematically reviewed literature that examined opioid use in dermatology published between 1980 and 2020 in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020204864).ResultsWe identified 24 studies that analyzed 52,705,201 patients and 13,099 dermatologists. Between 34% and 87.5% of patients received opioids following dermatologic procedures; however, many did not use the entirety of their prescriptions, and 35–69% did not use any of their prescription. Top opioid prescribers were more likely to be Mohs surgeons, male, and practice in the South. Variability exists in the current evidence for opioid prescribing for nonprocedural dermatologic disease.ConclusionWhile opioid prescribing in dermatology is low compared with other specialties, patients are not utilizing the entirety of their prescriptions. Opioid prescribing for nonprocedural dermatologic disease varies; treatments focused on targeting the pathogenesis of these diseases is important to minimize opioid use. Dermatologists should consider limiting opioid prescribing and utilizing nonnarcotic analgesics.
Effects of recent minimum wage policies in California and nationwide: Results from a pre‐specified analysis plan
Authors: Neumark David , Yen Maysen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe analyze the impacts of recent city minimum wage increases in California and nationwide, following a pre‐analysis plan (PAP) registered prior to the release of data covering two years of minimum wage increases. For California cities, we find a hint of negative employment effects. Nationally, we find some evidence of disemployment effects for teens, but not young adults or high school dropouts. City‐specific analyses provide limited evidence of adverse effects on the share low‐income, but the pooled city analysis does not; the national analysis generally finds no impact on the share low‐income, except for reductions in the share near‐poor, although that may at least partly reflect prior trends. All told, we view the results as providing neither strong evidence of substantial adverse effects of city minimum wages, nor strong evidence of substantial beneficial effects.
Understanding the consequences of educational inequalities on periodontitis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Baumeister Sebastian‐Edgar , Freuer Dennis , Baurecht Hansjörg , Reckelkamm Stefan Lars , Ehmke Benjamin , Holtfreter Birte , Nolde Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimHigher educational attainment is associated with a lower risk of periodontitis, but the extent to which this association is causal and mediated by intermediate factors is unclear.Materials and MethodsUsing summary data from genetic association studies from up to 1.1 million participants of European descent, univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to infer the total effect of educational attainment on periodontitis and to estimate the degree to which income, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index mediate the association.ResultsThe odds ratio of periodontitis per 1 standard deviation increment in genetically predicted education was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68–0.89). The proportions mediated of the total effect of genetically predicted education on periodontitis were 64%, 35%, 15%, and 46% for income, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index, respectively.ConclusionsUsing a genetic instrumental variable approach, this study triangulated evidence from existing observational epidemiological studies and suggested that higher educational attainment lowers periodontitis risk. Measures to reduce the burden of educational disparities in periodontitis risk may tackle downstream risk factors, particularly income, smoking, and obesity.
Scoping review: Social support impacts hospital readmission rates
Authors: Schultz Beth E. , Corbett Cynthia F. , Hughes Ronda G. , Bell Nathaniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo review and synthesise the current literature on social support and hospital readmission rates.BackgroundHospital readmission rates have not declined significantly since 2010 despite efforts to identify and implement strategies to reduce readmissions. After discharge, patients often report the need for help at home with personal care, medical care and/or transportation. Social factors can positively or negatively affect the transition from hospital to home and the extended recovery period experienced by patients.MethodsPublished primary studies in peer‐reviewed journals, written in English, assessing the adult medical/surgical population and discussing social support and hospital readmission rates were included. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was completed for this scoping review.ResultsThe search resulted in 2919 articles. After removing duplicates and reviewing content for the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles were selected for review. Social support is provided by those within one's social circle. There are several types of social support and depending on the needs to the patient, the type of social required and provided is different.ConclusionsThe most common form of social support needed at home for people recovering after a hospitalisation was instrumental support, tangible care in the form of assistance with daily personal and medical care, and transportation. Patients who lacked adequate social support after discharge were at an increased risk of hospital readmission.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentifying factors, such as social support, that may impact hospital readmission rates is important for quality hospital to home care transitions. Assessing patients’ needs and available social support to meet those needs may be an essential part of the discharge planning process to decrease the risk of hospital readmission.
“Some uninteresting data from a faraway country”: Inequity and coloniality in international social psychological publications
Authors: Bou Zeineddine Fouad , Saab Rim , Lášticová Barbara , Kende Anna , Ayanian Arin H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModern systems of knowledge production reinforce inequalities and coloniality, especially in the Global South. We investigated whether this was the case in contemporary social psychology. We examined manifestations of coloniality of knowledge (in the form of internalized Global North standards and practices) and critical awareness and reflection (historic and systemic attributions for collective disadvantages) in a survey of social psychologists in 64 countries (N = 232). Although colleagues in the Global South and Southern and Eastern Europe adopted Global Northern publication standards and tendencies, their compliance seemed motivated by institutional demands and pragmatic concerns rather than internalized inferiority or principled conviction. Regarding international mainstream publication practices, participants from all regions (most prominently outside the Global North) reported biases, under‐representation, lack of relevance, and structural disadvantages. Participants offered mainly systemic attributions for these and other disadvantages. These findings suggest that social psychologists engaged with the international publication system are caught in a double‐bind between collective systemic disadvantages and coerced compliance, especially outside the Global North. Discussion focuses on the mixed‐motive tensions these social psychologists experience in publishing internationally under these conditions, and the implications of this status quo for knowledge production in the discipline.
China between Iran and the Gulf Monarchies
Authors: Fulton Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChina's deepening ties to Iran, evident in the comprehensive strategic partnership (CSP) signed in 2021 after five years of stalled progress, is not an indication of a revisionist Chinese approach to the Gulf region. In fact, its CSPs with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, already activated and implemented, are at far more mature levels, commensurate with China's deep levels of economic and political engagement with the Arab side of the Gulf. This is consistent with a strategic hedging approach that Beijing has used to build a sustainable presence without disrupting a competitive and fragile regional order. With far larger and more diverse interests in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, China's partnership with Iran creates leverage due to the asymmetry inherent in the China‐Iran relationship.
Institutional procedural discrimination, institutional racism, and other institutional discrimination: A nursing research example
Authors: Lim Sungwon , Boutain Doris M. , Kim Eunjung , Evans‐Agnew Robin A. , Parker Sanithia , Maldonado Nofziger Rebekah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInstitutional discrimination matters. The purpose of this longitudinal community‐based participatory research study was to examine institutional procedural discrimination, institutional racism, and other institutional discrimination, and their relationships with participants' health during a maternal and child health program in a municipal initiative. Twenty participants from nine multilingual, multicultural community‐based organizations were included. Overall reported incidences of institutional procedural discrimination decreased from April 2019 (18.6%) to November 2019 (11.8%) although changes were not statistically significant and participants reporting incidences remained high (n = 15 in April and n = 14 in November). Participants reported experiencing significantly less “[when] different cultural ways of doing things were shared, the project did not support my way” from April 2019 (23.5%, n = 4) to November 2019 (0%, n = 0), Wilcoxon signed‐rank test Z = −2.00, p < 0.05. Some participants reported experiencing institutional racism (29.4%, n = 5) and other institutional discrimination (5.9%, n = 1). Participants experiencing institutional racism, compared to those who did not, reported a higher impact of the Initiative's program on their quality of life (t = 3.62, p < 0.01). Participatory survey designs enable nurse researchers to identify hidden pathways of institutional procedural discrimination, describe the impacts experienced, and examine types of institutional discrimination in health systems.
Gingival plasma cell granuloma: The importance of histological analysis
Authors: Howard Laura , Schmigylski Rudi , Gardner Andrew , Nale Krsty 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlasma cell granuloma (PCG) is a mucosal condition characterised histologically by a dense aggregation of polyclonal plasma cells. There are limited reports in the literature of the condition affecting the oral mucosa and involvement of the gingival tissues is considered rare. The variable clinical presentation allows for a differential diagnosis of malignant conditions therefore awareness of the characteristics and distinctive histological features are important in avoiding misdiagnosis. We report a rare case of PCG presenting on the buccal gingivae of the posterior mandible, with concurrent mobility of the adjacent tooth, in a middle‐aged female. The clinical presentation of this lesion warranted urgent investigation, however, histological findings of a dense polyclonal plasma cell infiltrate revealed a benign PCG.
Central granular cell odontogenic tumour associated with sepsis, osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis
Authors: Comitale Ernesto , Roccon Andrea , Fedrigo Marny , Angelini Annalisa , Zanette Gastone , Bacci Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCentral granular cell odontogenic tumour (CGCOT) is a rare odontogenic benign neoplasm with only 39 cases reported in the literature. This report describes an unusual case of CGCOT as it was associated with severe signs of local and systemic infection. The patient was hospitalised for sepsis, high fever and facial swelling. The intraoral examination and the radiographic images led to the clinical diagnosis of periapical abscess caused by a severely decayed left maxillary third molar. After the surgical extraction of the tooth, a periapical lesion and fragments of the alveolar process were sent for histopathologic examination and immune‐phenotypic characterisation. The pathological findings became crucial for the definitive diagnosis of CGCOT, osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis. The purpose of this report is to provide knowledge about this tumour and highlight the importance of sending samples collected during oral surgery for histopathologic examination.
Interrupted Incision Fasciotomy for Acute Compartment Syndrome After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Surgical Technique with a Report of Two Cases
Authors: Park Dojoon , Kim Yoon‐Chung , Cho Sung Hyun , Kim Jongmin , Ahn Jae Hoon 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAfter extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), acute compartment syndrome (ACS) can develop because of limb ischemia or reperfusion. The standard treatment for ACS is emergency fasciotomy. We introduced an interrupted incision technique instead of a long double‐incision to reduce blood loss and subsequent hypovolemia in ECMO patients.Case presentationTwo patients were treated venoarterial ECMO with heparinization by inserting cannulas into their right femoral vessels: Case #1 after emergency pulmonary thrombectomy for massive pulmonary thrombi and Case #2 after percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction with ventricular fibrillation. Some of the ‘5 P' signs of ACS were detected on their right legs. We treated them with the interrupted incision fasciotomy: four or five skin incisions of 2–3 cm each on lateral side; one 6–7 cm proximal skin incision with one or two separate short distal skin incisions of 1–1.5 cm each on the posteromedial side. The subcutaneous layer was also incised through these interrupted incisions; interrupted multiple “soft tissue tunnels” can be formed above muscle layer between the incisions. Once the fascia was exposed, the connected fasciotomy was performed with the knife blade facing subcutaneous layer, rather than muscle. The two patients' foot pulse, skin color, and muscle tone were immediately restored, and delayed primary wound closures were possible. Both patients were satisfied with their limb salvage and could walk with a little help using an orthosis or a cane.ConclusionsWe recommend the interrupted incision fasciotomy as an attractive and effective technique for ACS, particularly after ECMO.
Exposure of Brassica to Red Light Antagonizes Low Production of Indole‐3‐Acetic Acid in Leaf Through Root Signaling Under Stress Conditions
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad Junaid , Hussain Anwar , Hamayun Muhammad , Iqbal Amjad , Murad Waheed , Ahmad Ayaz 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTPlant leaf is highly sensitive to various growth‐promoting and growth‐restraining components. This sensitivity is normally caused by the alteration of different phytohormones (predominately by indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA)), when the plants exposed to certain environmental conditions. We exposed the hydroponically grown Brassica campestris seedlings (7 days old) to red and green light in order to observe its effect on IAA secretion at leaf. The evaluated data showed that red light antagonized the low production of IAA in leaf by initiating the root signaling through the flavonoid production and high redox activity. The study also explored the link between the differential phytohormonal response and biotic or abiotic stress elimination in leaf through root signaling under green or red light. The results exhibited that the biotic (Pseudomonas syringae or Frankia alni) or abiotic stresses (100 mm AgNO3 or 100 mm tert‐butyl alcohol) inhibited flavonoids at the roots and resisted the restoration of IAA at the leaf. However, under green light where IAA was not inhibited, the stresses could not produce flavonoid at the root and further passing the signals to leaf. The results concluded that the growth and photosynthetic rates of the seedlings were improved under red light exposure through flavonoid inducing stresses.
Highly diluted bioactive compounds in marine aquaculture: A potential alternative for sustainable production
Authors: López‐Carvallo Jesús Antonio , Mazón‐Suástegui José Manuel , Arcos‐Ortega Guadalupe Fabiola , Hernández‐Oñate Miguel Ángel , Tovar‐Ramírez Dariel , Abasolo‐Pacheco Fernando , García‐Bernal Milagro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHighly diluted bioactive compounds (HDBC) and highly diluted immunomodulatory compounds (HDIC) are treatments that cover a wide variety of concentrations, starting from molar to yoctomolar concentrations or even lower where the presence of nanoparticles has been detected. The prophylactic use of these compounds has improved nutrition, growth, overall condition, defence mechanisms regulation and increased marine organism survival during challenge against pathogens. The HDBC used in marine organisms are formulated from Vibrio spp. lysates, sodium metasilicates, phosphoric acid and highly diluted drugs for humans as Silicea terra®, Phosphoricum acidum®, Passival® and VidatoX®, as well as homotoxic Heel® complexes. Because HDBC are innocuous, inexpensive and easy to use by immersion or ingestion, they have been proposed as a potential sustainable alternative to improve marine organism production under hatchery conditions and reduce the use of chemotherapy, including antibiotics and disinfectants. Nonetheless, articles documenting their mode of action (biological process and metabolic pathways activated) are scarce. Some studies have proposed that certain HDBC activate the sentinel system of marine organisms, such as non‐self‐recognition and endocytosis mechanisms without completely activating the immune defence mechanisms. This contribution brings a new insight on increasing productivity and cost effectiveness during hatchery operations and at the same time strengthening the immune system response and survival of marine organisms against infections. Therefore, this review discusses and analyses published results of HDBC in species of commercial importance worldwide and also emerging species of interest for aquaculture reared in Mexico.