bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evidence of hearsay in criminal proceedings from Late Renaissance France
Authors: Hamilton Tom 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article argues that Renaissance legal culture provided a robust means of evaluating the epistemological status of rumour, informed by the Roman law of proof. In order to do so, the article explores the meaning of hearsay evidence in criminal proceedings from late Renaissance France, focusing on a major series of interrogations for homicide in the Parlement of Paris. It contributes to legal history by demonstrating how the inquisitorial procedures employed by the Parlement’s magistrates exemplified the sophisticated Roman law of witness evidence concerning hearsay. And it contributes to social and cultural history by revealing how effectively people throughout the social hierarchy understood the significance of hearsay in all its forms, so that witnesses, the accused, and the magistrates leading their interrogations knew well how to manipulate hearsay evidence to achieve their ends in the courtroom. Ultimately, this approach reinforces the growing consensus among recent histories of communication concerning the continued primacy of oral culture in the new age of print, but it does so from a new perspective that emphasises the fundamental role that oral evidence played in creating legal knowledge.
Control of Mass Flow-Rate of Viscoelastic Fluids Through Time-Periodic Electro-Osmotic Flows in a Microchannel
Authors: Dawn Sayantan , Sarkar Sandip 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the present research, we address the implications of the pulsating electric field on controlling mass flow rate characteristics for the time-periodic electro-osmotic flow of a viscoelastic fluid through a microchannel. Going beyond the Debye–Hückel linearization for the potential distribution inside the electric double layer, the Phan–Thien–Tanner constitutive model is employed to describe the viscoelastic behavior of the fluid. The analytical/semi-analytical expressions for the velocity distribution corresponding to a steady basic part and a transient perturbed part are obtained by considering periodic pulsations in the applied electrical field. Our results based on sinusoidal pulsations reveal that enhanced shear thinning characteristics of the viscoelastic fluids show the higher amplitude of pulsations with the oscillations in the velocity gradients primarily contrived within the Electric Double Layer region. The amplitude of mass flow rates increases with increasing the viscoelastic parameter εsWi2, whereas, the phase lag displays a reverse trend. The analysis for an inverse problem is extended where the required magnitude of electric field pulsations for a target mass flow rate in the form of sinusoidal pulsations. It is found that with increasing shear-thinning characteristics of the viscoelastic fluid, there is a progressive reduction in the required electric field strength to maintain an aimed mass flow rate. Besides, required electric fields for controlled mass flow with triangular and trapezoidal pulsations are also determined.
Comparison of Transport Equation-Based Cavitation Models and Application To Industrial Pumps With Inducers
Authors: Karakas Enver S. , Tokgöz Nehir , Watanabe Hiroyoshi , Aureli Matteo , Evrensel Cahit A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates and compares four commonly used flow transport equation-based cavitation models and their applicability to predict the cavitation performance of an industrial centrifugal pump with a helical inducer. The main purpose of this study is to identify, for this specific application, the most appropriate cavitation model and the associated empirical constants. Each cavitation model is reviewed in detail and the uniqueness of each model is outlined. Each cavitation model is incorporated in a computational fluid dynamics code to study the vaporization and condensation transport rate of the fluid. Experimental tests are conducted on a pump system to determine the true cavitation performance in terms of net positive suction head (NPSH). Experimental results are compared to simulation results for different cavitation models to validate cavitation performance predictions, along with the empirical constants. Lastly, bubble formation, cavitation inception, and bubble growth predicted by each cavitation model are compared with the experimental results. A sensitivity analysis is conducted in order to determine the impact of each set of empirical constants to the condensation and the vaporization rate in the centrifugal pump. Results show that two of the cavitation models exhibit high dependency on the empirical constants in terms of change in vaporization rate. Modifications to empirical constants for two of the four cavitation models are suggested to obtain agreement with the experimentally observed cavitation behavior and better predict NPSH performance for the industrial pump studied.
Performance Study of Twisted Darrieus Hydrokinetic Turbine With Novel Blade Design
Authors: Mosbahi Mabrouk , Derbel Mouna , Lajnef Mariem , Mosbahi Bouzid , Driss Zied , Aricò Costanza , Tucciarelli Tullio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Twisted Darrieus water turbine is receiving growing attention for small-scale hydropower generation. Accordingly, the need for raised water energy conversion incentivizes researchers to focus on the blade shape optimization of twisted Darrieus turbine. In view of this, experimental analysis has been performed to appraise the efficiency of a spiral Darrieus water rotor in the present work. To better the performance parameters of the studied water rotor with twisted blades, three novel blade shapes, namely U-shaped blade, V-shaped blade, and W-shaped blade, have been numerically tested using a computational fluid dynamics three-dimensional numerical model. The maximum power coefficient of the Darrieus rotor reaches 0.17 at a 0.63 tip-speed ratio using twisted blades. Using V-shaped blades, the maximum power coefficient has risen to 0.185. The current study could be practically applied to provide more effective employment of twisted Darrieus turbines and to improve the generated power from flowing water such as river streams, tidal currents, or other man-made water canals.
Risk of hospital admission for patients with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: cohort analysis
Authors: Nyberg Tommy , Twohig Katherine A , Harris Ross J , Seaman Shaun R , Flannagan Joe , Allen Hester , Charlett Andre , De Angelis Daniela , Dabrera Gavin , Presanis Anne M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the relation between diagnosis of covid-19 with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 (also known as variant of concern 202012/01) and the risk of hospital admission compared with diagnosis with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Design
Retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting
Community based SARS-CoV-2 testing in England, individually linked with hospital admission data.

Participants
839 278 patients with laboratory confirmed covid-19, of whom 36 233 had been admitted to hospital within 14 days, tested between 23 November 2020 and 31 January 2021 and analysed at a laboratory with an available TaqPath assay that enables assessment of S-gene target failure (SGTF), a proxy test for the B.1.1.7 variant. Patient data were stratified by age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, region of residence, and date of positive test.

Main outcome measures
Hospital admission between one and 14 days after the first positive SARS-CoV-2 test.

Results
27 710 (4.7%) of 592 409 patients with SGTF variants and 8523 (3.5%) of 246 869 patients without SGTF variants had been admitted to hospital within one to 14 days. The stratum adjusted hazard ratio of hospital admission was 1.52 (95% confidence interval 1.47 to 1.57) for patients with covid-19 infected with SGTF variants, compared with those infected with non-SGTF variants. The effect was modified by age (P<0.001), with hazard ratios of 0.93-1.21 in patients younger than 20 years with versus without SGTF variants, 1.29 in those aged 20-29, and 1.45-1.65 in those aged ≥30 years. The adjusted absolute risk of hospital admission within 14 days was 4.7% (95% confidence interval 4.6% to 4.7%) for patients with SGTF variants and 3.5% (3.4% to 3.5%) for those with non-SGTF variants.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the risk of hospital admission is higher for people infected with the B.1.1.7 variant compared with wild-type SARS-CoV-2, likely reflecting a more severe disease. The higher severity may be specific to adults older than 30 years.
Child outcomes after induction of labour or expectant management in women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation: study protocol of the PPROMEXIL Follow-up trial. A long-term follow-up study of the randomised controlled trials PPROMEXIL and PPROMEXIL-2
Authors: de Ruigh Annemijn A , Simons Noor E , Van ‘t Hooft Janneke , van Wassenaer-Leemhuis Aleid G , Aarnoudse-Moens Cornelieke S H , van Wely Madelon , van Baaren Gert-Jan , Vlemmix Floortje , van der Ham D P , van Teeffelen Augustinus S P , Mol Ben W , Roseboom Tessa J , Pajkrt Eva 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionLate preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM between 34+0and 36+6weeks gestational age) is an important clinical dilemma. Previously, two large Dutch randomised controlled trials (RCTs) compared induction of labour (IoL) to expectant management (EM). Both trials showed that early delivery does not reduce the risk of neonatal sepsis as compared with EM, although prematurity-related risks might increase. An extensive, structured long-term follow-up of these children has never been performed.Methods and analysisThe PPROMEXIL Follow-up trial (NL6623 (NTR6953)) aims to assess long-term childhood outcomes of the PPROMEXIL (ISRCTN29313500) and PPROMEXIL-2 trial (ISRCTN05689407), two multicentre RCTs using the same protocol, conducted between 2007 and 2010 evaluating IoL versus EM in women with late preterm PROM. The PPROMEXIL Follow-up will analyse children of mothers with a singleton pregnancy (PPROMEXIL trial n=520, PPROMEXIL-2 trial n=191, total IoL n=359; total EM n=352). At 10–12 years of age all surviving children will be invited for a neurodevelopmental assessment using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V, Color-Word Interference Test and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2. Parents will be asked to fill out questionnaires assessing behaviour, motor function, sensory processing, respiratory problems, general health and need for healthcare services. Teachers will fill out the Teacher Report Form and answer questions regarding school attainment. For all tests means with SDs will be compared, as well as predefined cut-off scores for abnormal outcome. Sensitivity analyses consisting of different imputation techniques will be used to deal with lost to follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been granted approval by the Medical Centre Amsterdam (MEC) of the AmsterdamUMC (MEC2016_217). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and summaries shared with stakeholders. This protocol is published before analysis of the results.Trial registration numberNL6623 (NTR6953).
Reducing health inequalities through general practice: protocol for a realist review (EQUALISE)
Authors: Ford John Alexander , Gkiouleka Anna , Kuhn Isla , Sowden Sarah , Head Fiona , Siersbaek Rikke , Bambra Clare , Harmston Rebecca R , Manji Sukaina , Moseley Annie , Wong Geoff 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionHealthcare organisations recognise the moral imperative to address inequalities in health outcomes but often lack an understanding of which types of interventions are likely to reduce them. This realist review will examine the existing evidence on the types of interventions or aspects of routine care in general practice that are likely to decrease or increase health inequalities (ie, inequality-generating interventions) across cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods and analysisOur realist review will follow Pawson’s five iterative stages. We will start by developing an initial programme theory based on existing theories and discussions with stakeholders. To navigate the large volume of literature, we will access the primary studies through the identification of published systematic reviews of interventions delivered in general practice across the four key conditions. We will examine the primary studies included within each systematic review to identify those reporting on inequalities across PROGRESS-Plus categories. We will collect data on a range of clinical outcomes including prevention, diagnosis, follow-up and treatment. The data will be synthesised using a realist logic of analysis. The findings will be a description and explanation of the general practice interventions which are likely to increase or decrease inequalities across the major conditions.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required because this study does not include any primary research. The findings will be integrated into a series of guiding principles and a toolkit for healthcare organisations to reduce health inequalities. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and user-friendly summaries.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020217871.
Metastatic bone disease: new quality performance indicator development
Authors: Downie Samantha , Cherry Jennifer , Hall Peter , Stillie Alison , Moran Matthew , Sudlow Cathie , Simpson A Hamish RW 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesPatients with metastatic bone disease (MBD) should receive the same standard of care regardless of which centre they are treated in. The aim was to develop and test a set of quality performance indicators (QPIs) to evaluate care for patients with MBD referred to orthopaedics.MethodsQPIs were adapted from the literature and ranked on feasibility and necessity during a modified RAND/Delphi consensus process. They were then validated and field tested in a retrospective cohort of 108 patients using indicator-specific targets set during consensus.Results2568 articles including six guidelines were reviewed. 43 quality objectives were extracted and 40 proceeded to expert consensus. After two rounds, 18 QPIs for MBD care were generated, with the following generating the highest consensus: ‘Patients with high fracture risk should receive urgent assessment’ (combined mean 6.7/7, 95% CI 6.5 to 6.8) and ‘preoperative workup should include full blood tests including group and save’ (combined mean 6.7/7, 95% CI 6.5 to 6.9). In the pilot test, targets were met for 5/18 QPIs (mean 52%, standard deviation 22%). The median deviation from projected target was −14% (interquartile range −11% to −31%, range −74% to 11%). The highest scoring QPI was ‘adults with fractures should have surgery within 7 days’ (target 80%:actual 92%).ConclusionsThe published evidence and guidelines were adapted into a set of validated QPIs for MBD care which can be used to evaluate variation in care between centres. These QPIs should be correlated with outcome scores to determine whether they can act as predictors of outcome after surgery.
Pre-slaughter road transportation times: meat quality and sensory properties of Nellore bull meat
Authors: Lacerda Natália Gomes , Mezzomo Rafael , de Oliveira Ivanna Moraes , Alves Kaliandra Souza , de Oliveira Luis Rennan Sampaio , Santos Mychelle Cristina Alves , Lima Ramon Rodrigo Ferreira , Gomes Daiany Iris 
Published: June 2021

This study evaluated the effects of different pre-slaughter road transportation times on sensory evaluation and instrumental measurements of Nellore cattle meat quality. About 15 farms were classified according to transportation times (five farms per transportation time group) as follows: 1 — less than 2 h (<2), 2 — between 2 and 4 h (>2 and ≤4), and 3 — between 4 and 6 h (>4 and ≤6). The experiment was a completely randomized design with 15 replications and three treatments. Meat analyses were performed on steaks taken from the longissimus dorsi muscle from the 10th rib to the third lumbar vertebra. Road transportation times had no significant effects on pH and mean shear force values. Sarcomere length, myofibrillar fragmentation index, and creatine kinase levels were also not affected by transportation time. Furthermore, road transportation times had no effect on meat tenderness, flavour, odour, and overall acceptability when evaluated by consumers. Thus, a pre-slaughter road transportation time up to 6 h does not affect the sensory evaluation and instrumental measurements of Nellore cattle meat quality when raised using a grazing system.
Probing UHECR production in Centaurus A using secondary neutrinos and gamma-rays
Authors: de Oliveira Cainã , de Souza Vitor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper the production of neutrinos and photons by ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) interacting with the extragalactic background radiation is studied. Centaurus A is assumed as the prime source of UHECR and the possibility to identify this source by detecting the secondary neutrinos and photons produced in the propagation of UHECR is investigated. Fifteen astrophysical models regarding three extragalactic magnetic fields (EGMF) and five composition abundances are simulated. The flux and arrival direction of neutrinos and photons are investigated. It is shown that the detection of a signal from Cen A with statistical significance is achievable by current observatories in a few years and by proposed experiments in the near future. The dependence of the results on the models is also presented.
Tumor-Infiltrating B Lymphocyte Profiling Identifies IgG-Biased, Clonally Expanded Prognostic Phenotypes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Harris Robert J. , Cheung Anthony , Ng Joseph C.F. , Laddach Roman , Chenoweth Alicia M. , Crescioli Silvia , Fittall Matthew , Dominguez-Rodriguez Diana , Roberts James , Levi Dina , Liu Fangfang , Alberts Elena , Quist Jelmar , Santaolalla Aida , Pinder Sarah E. , Gillett Cheryl , Hammar Niklas , Irshad Sheeba , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Dunn-Walters Deborah K. , Fraternali Franca , Spicer James F. , Lacy Katie E. , Tsoka Sophia , Grigoriadis Anita , Tutt Andrew N.J. , Karagiannis Sophia N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn breast cancer, humoral immune responses may contribute to clinical outcomes, especially in more immunogenic subtypes. Here, we investigated B lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin expression, and clonal features in breast tumors, focusing on aggressive triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). In samples from patients with TNBC and healthy volunteers, circulating and tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-B) were evaluated. CD20+CD27+IgD− isotype-switched B lymphocytes were increased in tumors, compared with matched blood. TIL-B frequently formed stromal clusters with T lymphocytes and engaged in bidirectional functional cross-talk, consistent with gene signatures associated with lymphoid assembly, costimulation, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, cytotoxic T-cell activation, and T-cell–dependent B-cell activation. TIL-B–upregulated B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway molecules FOS and JUN, germinal center chemokine regulator RGS1, activation marker CD69, and TNFα signal transduction via NFκB, suggesting BCR–immune complex formation. Expression of genes associated with B lymphocyte recruitment and lymphoid assembly, including CXCL13, CXCR4, and DC-LAMP, was elevated in TNBC compared with other subtypes and normal breast. TIL-B–rich tumors showed expansion of IgG but not IgA isotypes, and IgG isotype switching positively associated with survival outcomes in TNBC. Clonal expansion was biased toward IgG, showing expansive clonal families with specific variable region gene combinations and narrow repertoires. Stronger positive selection pressure was present in the complementarity determining regions of IgG compared with their clonally related IgA in tumor samples. Overall, class-switched B lymphocyte lineage traits were conspicuous in TNBC, associated with improved clinical outcomes, and conferred IgG-biased, clonally expanded, and likely antigen-driven humoral responses.Significance:Tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes assemble in clusters, undergoing B-cell receptor–driven activation, proliferation, and isotype switching. Clonally expanded, IgG isotype-biased humoral immunity associates with favorable prognosis primarily in triple-negative breast cancers.
ADAM10 Evens Out the Double-Edged Sword of Radiotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Garcia Garcia Carolina J. , Abi Jaoude Joseph , Taniguchi Cullen M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Radiotherapy plays an important role in the management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), especially when patients are not surgical candidates. Radiation-induced tumor death provokes an acute inflammation followed by a late-fibrotic response that parallels the fibroinflammatory tumor microenvironment of PDAC, inciting the question of whether radiation-induced fibrosis contributes to PDAC progression. The study published in this issue by Mueller and colleagues presents a potential mechanism linking radiation-induced fibrosis with expression of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and ephrinB2, which may also contribute to tumor progression. The authors show that ablation of ADAM10 decreases radiation-induced fibrosis and improves survival in preclinical models. These data suggest that targeting ADAM10 may help to improve clinical outcomes with radiotherapy, particularly if definitive radiation is not possible. A better understanding of the biology of radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer remains crucial, and Mueller and colleagues offer important insight in this regard.
See related article by Mueller et al., p. 3255
Immune Activation and Microbial Translocation as Prognostic Biomarkers for AIDS-Related Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the AMC-034 Study
Authors: Martínez Laura E. , Lensing Shelly , Chang Di , Magpantay Larry I. , Mitsuyasu Ronald , Ambinder Richard F. , Sparano Joseph A. , Martínez-Maza Otoniel , Epeldegui Marta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ARL) is the most common cancer in HIV-infected individuals in the United States and other countries in which HIV-positive persons have access to effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Our prior work showed that pretreatment/postdiagnosis plasma levels of some cytokines, such as IL6, IL10, and CXCL13, have the potential to serve as indicators of clinical response to treatment and survival in ARL. The aims of this study were to identify novel prognostic biomarkers for response to treatment and/or survival in persons with ARL, including biomarkers of microbial translocation and inflammation.

Experimental Design:
We quantified plasma levels of several biomarkers (sCD14, LBP, FABP2, EndoCab IgM, IL18, CCL2/MCP-1, sCD163, IP-10/CXCL10, TARC/CCL17, TNFα, BAFF/BLyS, sTNFRII, sCD44, and sIL2Rα/sCD25) by multiplexed immunometric assays (Luminex) or ELISA in plasma specimens obtained from ARL patients enrolled in the AMC-034 trial, which compared infusional combination chemotherapy (EPOCH: etoposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone) with concurrent or sequential rituximab. Plasma was collected prior to the initiation of therapy (n = 57) and after treatment initiation (n = 55).

Results:
We found that several biomarkers decreased significantly after treatment, including TNFα, sCD25, LBP, and TARC (CCL17). Moreover, pretreatment plasma levels of BAFF, sCD14, sTNFRII, and CCL2/MCP-1 were univariately associated with overall survival, and pretreatment levels of BAFF, sTNFRII, and CCL2/MCP-1 were also associated with progression-free survival.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that patients with ARL who responded to therapy had lower pretreatment levels of inflammation and microbial translocation as compared with those who did not respond optimally.