bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant expression of proatherogenic cytokines and growth factors in human umbilical vein endothelial cells from newborns of type 2 diabetic women
Authors: Sultan Samar 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study reports the levels of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors previously identified as taking part in the pathology of atherosclerosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells derived from mothers with type 2 diabetes and compares them with those in human umbilical vein endothelial cells derived from healthy mothers under normal glucose conditions. Methods: Cytokine analysis measures of human umbilical vein endothelial cell lysates were obtained using a multiple analyte profiling (xMAP) assay based on magnetic bead-based technology, using the MAGPIX instrument. The correlation between cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors was examined statistically in human umbilical vein endothelial cells derived from mothers with type 2 diabetes. Results: This study showed that the expression of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 alpha was significantly greater in human umbilical vein endothelial cells derived from mothers with type 2 diabetes than those derived from healthy mothers. The protein level of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was higher in human umbilical vein endothelial cells derived from mothers with type 2 diabetes than those derived from healthy mothers. A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between the protein expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells derived from mothers with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Diabetes evokes a persistent inflammatory phenotype in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, as indicated by the enhanced production of cytokines and growth factors under normal glucose conditions.
Adverse Effects of Personal Protective Equipment Among Intensive Care Unit Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Unoki Takeshi , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Sato Ryuhei , Ouchi Akira , Kuribara Tomoki , Furumaya Tomomi , Tatsuno Junko , Wakabayashi Yuki , Tado Asami , Hashimoto Naoya , Inagaki Noriko , Sasaki Yoshiko ,   from the Committee and working group of COVID-19 Task Force of the Japan Academy of Critical Care Nursing
Published: June 2021

Introduction To avoid exposure to SARS-COV-2, healthcare professionals use personal protective equipment (PPE) while treating COVID-19 patients. Prior studies have revealed the adverse effects (AEs) of PPE on healthcare workers (HCWs); however, no review has focused on the AEs of PPE on HCWs in intensive care units (ICUs). This review aimed to identify the AEs of PPE on HCWs working in ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A scoping review was conducted. MEDLINE, CINAHL, the World Health Organization (WHO) global literature on COVID-19, and Igaku-chuo-zasshi (a Japanese medical database), Google Scholar, medRxiv, and Health Research Board (HRB) open research were searched from January 25–28, 2021. The extracted data included author(s) name, year of publication, country, language, article title, journal name, publication type, study methodology, population, outcome, and key findings. Results The initial search identified 691 articles and abstracts. Twenty-five articles were included in the analysis. The analysis comprised four key topics: studies focusing on PPE-related headache, voice disorders, skin manifestations, and miscellaneous AEs of PPE. The majority of AEs for HCWs in ICUs were induced by prolonged use of masks. Conclusion The AEs of PPE among HCWs in ICUs included heat, headaches, skin injuries, chest discomfort, and dyspnea. Studies with a focus on specific diseases were on skin injuries. Moreover, many AEs were induced by prolonged use of masks.
24-hour blood pressure variability and treatment effect of intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Barow Ewgenia , Boutitie Florent , Cheng Bastian , Cho Tae-Hee , Ebinger Martin , Endres Matthias , Fiebach Jochen B , Fiehler Jens , Nickel Alina , Puig Josep , Roy Pascal , Lemmens Robin , Thijs Vincent , Muir Keith W , Nighoghossian Norbert , Pedraza Salvador , Simonsen Claus Z , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz 
Published: June 2021

Introduction To assess the association between 24 h blood pressure variability (BPV) on functional outcome and treatment effect of intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke. Patients and methods In all patients with acute ischaemic stroke of unknown onset randomised in the WAKE-UP (Efficacy and Safety of magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]-based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke) trial, blood pressure (BP) was measured before randomisation and after initiation of treatment at regular intervals up to 24 hours. Individual BPV was measured by coefficient of variation (CV) of all BP values. Primary outcome measure was favourable outcome defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0 or 1 at 90 days after stroke. Results BP measurements were available for 498 of 503 patients randomised (177 women [35.5%], mean age [SD] of 65.2 [11.5] years). Systolic BPV was not associated with the treatment effect of thrombolysis (test for interaction, p = 0.46). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for favourable outcome with alteplase, adjusted for age, stroke severity and baseline BP on admission, did not show an association across the quintiles of increasing systolic BPV with an aOR 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–4.70) in the lowest quintile to aOR 1.05 (95% CI, 0.43–2.56) in the highest quintile. Higher mean systolic BP was associated with a smaller treatment effect of thrombolysis with a significant interaction (p = 0.033). The aOR for favourable outcome with alteplase decreased with quintiles of increasing mean systolic BP from aOR 3.16 (95% CI, 1.26–7.93) in the lowest quintile to aOR 0.84 (95% CI, 0.34–2.10) in in the highest quintile. Conclusions There was a significant interaction between mean systolic BP and treatment effect of thrombolysis with higher mean systolic BP being associated with poorer outcome. BPV was not associated with outcome after thrombolysis. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01525290.
Hospital-based prospective study of pertussis in infants and close contacts in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Noel Gaelle , Lotfi Masoumeh Nakhost , Mirshahvalad Sajedeh , Mahdi Sedaghatpour , Tavel David , Zahraei Seyed M. , Ghanaie Roxana Mansour , Heidary Tahereh , Goudarzi Aliahmad , Kazemi Azardokht , Karimi Abdollah , Nateghian Alireza , Ait-Ahmed Mohand , Guiso Nicole , Shahcheraghi Fereshteh , Taieb Fabien 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Pertussis remain a global health concern, especially in infants too young to initiate their vaccination. Effective vaccination and high coverage limit the circulation of the pathogen, yet duration of protection is limited and boosters are recommended during a lifetime. In Iran, boosters are given at 18 months and 6 years old using whole pertussis vaccines for which efficacy is not known, and pertussis surveillance is scant with only sporadic biological diagnosis. Burden of pertussis is not well understood and local data are needed.

Methods
Hospital-based prospective study implementing molecular laboratory testing in infants aged ≤6 months and presenting ≥5 days of cough associated to one pertussis-like symptom in Tehran. Household and non-household contact cases of positive infants were evaluated by comprehensive pertussis diagnosis (molecular testing and serology) regardless of clinical signs. Clinical evaluation and source of infection were described.

Results
A total of 247 infants and 130 contact cases were enrolled. Pertussis diagnosis result was obtained for 199 infants and 104 contact cases. Infant population was mostly < 3 months old (79.9%; 157/199) and unvaccinated (62.3%; 124/199), 20.1% (40/199) of them were confirmed having B. pertussis infection. Greater cough duration and lymphocyte counts were the only symptoms associated to positivity. Half of the contact cases (51.0%; 53/104) had a B. pertussis infection, median age was 31 years old. A proportion of 28.3% (15/53) positive contacts did not report any symptom. However, 67.9% (36/53) and 3.8% (2/53) of them reported cough at inclusion or during the study, including 20.8% (11/53) who started coughing ≥7 days before infant cough onset. Overall, only five samples were successfully cultured.

Conclusion
These data evidenced the significant prevalence of pertussis infection among paucy or poorly symptomatic contacts of infants with pertussis infection. Widespread usage of molecular testing should be implemented to identify B. pertussis infections.
Vitamin D status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnancy of Shanghai in China
Authors: Yang Chun , Jing Wu , Ge Sheng , Sun Wenguang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
There is increasing awareness that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women may be associated with several adverse effects for the mother and newborn. The risks for vitamin D deficiency are unclear. This study was to assess vitamin D nutritional status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnant women in Shanghai in China.

Methods
This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. A total of 953 healthy pregnant women participated, serological examinations and other variables included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total blood cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides at the first antenatal visit (12–14 weeks) pregnancy parity and age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, and completed OGTTs test. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and possible predictors (age group, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, and gestational hyperlipemia) were assessed with a multinomial logistic regression analysis. And also used to investigate the effects of 25(OH)D and the other variables on the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Results
The mean vitamin D level of pregnancy was 16 (a range from 11 to 21) ng/ml, and severe vitamin D deficiency was 31.8% (303); vitamin D deficiency was 40.7% (388); vitamin D insufficiency was 25.1% (239); normal vitamin D was 2.4%(23). Vitamin D deficiency risk factors were age over 30, parity over 2, overweight, obese, and hyperlipemia. The increasing level of vitamin D nutritional status in pregnancy is significantly related to reducing gestational diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions
It is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chinese pregnancy in Shanghai. Aging more than 30 years, the parity of more than 2, overweight and obesity, and hyperlipemia are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Public health strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency should focus on those risks to promote health pregnancy of Shanghai in China.
Prognostic value of the NLR combined with CIP2A in the serum of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Wei , Yi Hong-Jun , Chen Xiao-Qiong , Xie Wan-Zhen , Tang Xing-kui , Ye Jun-Wen , Peng Xiang , Zhang Yan , Liang Jing-Lin , Huang Mei-Jin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of CIP2A (cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A) and the NLR (neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio) in the serum of patients with CRC (colorectal cancer) after resection.

Methods
The clinicopathological data of 61 patients who underwent resection between January 2012 and December 2013 were collected. The NLR and CIP2A were divided into low score groups (0) and high score groups (1) with 2.03 and 6.07 as the optimal cut-off value according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. To identify the COCN (combination of CIP2A and the NLR) score, we added CIP2A and NLR points together and categorized CRC patients into three groups. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to identify the overall survival (OS) rates of the different groups. Finally, a ROC curve was plotted to evaluate the prognostic efficacy of COCN.

Results
The CIP2A was associated with location (P = 0.046) and CEA (P = 0.037) in patients with CRC. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the 5-year OS of patients with low level of serum CIP2A was better than that of high level. The 5-year OS of the patients in the low NLR group was better than that of those in the high NLR group. The COCN score was associated with CEA (P < 0.001) and CA19-9 (P = 0.001). The 5-year OS of the patients in the COCN 0 group was highest, followed by that of those in the COCN 1 and COCN 2 groups. Age, N stage and M stage were factors associated with 5-year OS according to the univariate and multivariate analyses (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for COCN was largest, indicating that COCN has better prognostic power than CIP2A or the NLR alone.

Conclusion
COCN could be used as a better prognostic biomarker for CRC than the NLR or CIP2A alone.
Intraoperative blood loss as indicated by haemoglobin trend is a predictor for the development of postoperative spinal implant infection—a matched-pair analysis
Authors: Schömig Friederike , Bürger Justus , Hu Zhouyang , Pruß Axel , Klotz Edda , Pumberger Matthias , Hipfl Christian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
With a reported rate of 0.7–20%, postoperative spinal implant infection (PSII) is one of the most common complications after spine surgery. While in arthroplasty both haematoma formation and perioperative blood loss have been identified as risk factors for developing periprosthetic joint infections and preoperative anaemia has been associated with increased complication rates, literature on the aetiology of PSII remains limited.

Methods
We performed a matched-pair analysis of perioperative haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) levels in aseptic and septic spine revision surgeries. 317 patients were included, 94 of which were classified as septic according to previously defined criteria. Patients were matched according to age, body mass index, diabetes, American Society of Anesthesiologists score and smoking habits. Descriptive summaries for septic and aseptic groups were analysed using Pearson chi-squared for categorical or Student t test for continuous variables.

Results
Fifty patients were matched and did not differ significantly in their reason for revision, mean length of hospital stay, blood transfusion, operating time, or number of levels operated on. While there was no significant difference in preoperative Hb or Hct levels, the mean difference between pre- and postoperative Hb was higher in the septic group (3.45 ± 1.25 vs. 2.82 ± 1.48 g/dL, p = 0.034).

Conclusions
We therefore show that the intraoperative Hb-trend is a predictor for the development of PSII independent of the amount of blood transfusions, operation time, number of spinal levels operated on and hospital length of stay, which is why strategies to reduce intraoperative blood loss in spine surgery need to be further studied.
Idiopathic scoliosis and associated factors among school children: a school-based screening in Ethiopia
Authors: Gashaw Moges , Janakiraman Balamurugan , Belay Gashaw Jember 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Early detection of scoliosis is a preface to prevent progression. In resource-constrained countries like Ethiopia, there is a need for a cost-effective reliable solution for screening. The surprising fact is that there is neither idiopathic scoliosis screening nor reporting of data from Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify the magnitude, associated factors of scoliosis among school children by using non-invasive and less expensive scoliometer Smartphone app and Adams forward bending test.

Methods
A school-based cross-sectional survey was carried out from March to June 2019 at seven primary schools. Children were screened by using physical examination (Adams forward bend test) and scoligauge iPhone app. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression model analysis was used to identify factors associated with idiopathic scoliosis.

Results
A total of 1905 children aged between 5 and 16 years were screened, 3.3 % (95 % CI 2.5–4.1) of them were found positive using the scoligauge HD and among them only 1.8 % were identified positive for Adam’s forward bend test. The associated factors of idiopathic scoliosis identified by multivariate analysis were; spinal pain (AOR 4.1, 95 % CI 2.42, 6.89), student sitting on stool: (AOR, 7.03; 95 % CI, 1.52, 32.5), sitting on the bench with a backrest (AOR 4.12; 95 %CI, 1.12, 15.14) and sitting on the bench without backrest: (AOR 4.56; 95 % CI 1.20, 17.34).

Conclusions
The magnitude of idiopathic scoliosis was relatively low in study setup. More attention is needed towards sitting furniture designs and for children reporting spinal pain.There is a reasonable level of recommendation to advocate that large school-based scoliosis screening was able to detect scoliosis among school children.
Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for leiomyosarcoma of the stomach: a case report with a review of the literature
Authors: Takagi Toru , Saito Shin , Yokota Shinichiro , Kaneko Yuki , Takahashi Kazuya , Kanamaru Rihito , Kurashina Kentaro , Hosoya Yoshinori , Kitayama Joji , Kawata Hirotoshi , Osawa Hiroyuki , Sata Naohiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor that could originate from the gastrointestinal tract, uterus, kidney, retroperitoneum, and the soft tissues of the extremities. It accounts for only 1% of all gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors and primary leiomyosarcoma of the stomach is extremely rare. Most cases reported as leiomyosarcoma of the stomach before the development of KIT immunohistochemistry might be gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the stomach and only 18 cases of leiomyosarcoma of the stomach have been reported since early 2000s. We report here a patient with leiomyosarcoma of the stomach treated by laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS).

Case presentation
A 59-year-old man was referred to our hospital for an early gastric cancer, which was initially treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Six months after his initial treatment, a follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a small polypoid lesion at the lesser curvature of the proximal stomach, which appeared to be a hyperplastic polyp. However, one and a half years later, the lesion grew and showed more irregular surface. Biopsy at the time revealed smooth muscle cell proliferation suggestive of leiomyoma. Three years later, the lesion grew even larger and biopsy showed pleomorphic spindle cells. Immunohistochemical study showed positive staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin, but negative for c-kit and CD34. Ki-67 labeling index was nearly 60%. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was established. The patient subsequently underwent a partial gastrectomy by LECS. The patient is currently in good condition without recurrence or metastasis at 12 months after surgery.

Conclusions
Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach is extremely rare. This is the first report of leiomyosarcoma of the stomach treated by LECS. We could also follow its appearance change through endoscopic examination for 3 years.
Service evaluation for services for younger people with dementia in east locality of north Wales
Authors: Dhandapani Asha , Soundararajan Sathyan , Bhattacharyya Sharmi 
Published: June 2021

AimsTo evaluate Young-onset dementia (YOD) services in terms of referral, its appropriateness, time to diagnosis and other criteria as per protocol that we have adapted.MethodCase notes of those under 65 referred to Memory service for cognitive assessment between July 2017 and June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed to look at the time to diagnosis, appropriate referrals, post-diagnostic support, etc.ResultCompared to the previous evaluation, the number of patients referred to had increased from 47–48/ year earlier to 63/year. Only 1/3 were appropriate referral over the 10-year period whereas between 2017 and 2018 more than half were appropriate referrals. More than half of them were seen within 12 weeks of referral (35/63 available). Only 132/252 were diagnosed as having some form of dementia in the previous evaluation which was about 13 cases of YOD a year. In contrast, in our new evaluation 19 patients were diagnosed with some form of dementia. Inappropriate referrals had reduced by more than 50%. Appropriateness and timely referral had improved in this time frame.ConclusionDementia is considered ‘young onset’ when it affects people under 65 years of age. It is also referred to as ‘early onset’ or ‘working age’ dementia. However, this is an arbitrary age distinction that is becoming less relevant as increasingly services are realigned to focus on the person and the impact of the condition, not the age. Teaching sessions to educate primary & secondary care clinicians on appropriateness and timely referrals have helped in improving the care for patients with YOD. Services need to be developed further to be able to diagnose & support those with YOD. Repeat evaluations every year would help to inform improvement in quality & appropriateness of referrals.
Service user experience of remote consultations during COVID-19 in an older adult community mental health setting
Authors: Dineva Darena , Altun Sukran , Twaha Tahiya , Brown Juliette 
Published: June 2021

AimsThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant effect on our ability to communicate face-to-face with patients freely. Similar to other medical specialities and general practice (1), to continue providing a service for our service users, we employed other means of communication including telephone and video consultations (although face-to-face consultations were available for high clinical concern and/or identified risk). We set out to explore the acceptability of remote consultation for service users of an older adult (>65 years) Community Mental Health Team (CMHT).Reference: BMJ 2020;371:m3945MethodA total of 34 service users were selected randomly from the CMHT caseload (9% of total 372 caseload). 4 clinicians were involved in collecting data between July and October 2020. We used our trust's (East London Foundation Trust) standard questionnaire on patient satisfaction and contacted individuals by telephone to complete the survey.ResultFor both questions of ‘I felt listened to by the team’ and ‘I feel I have been given enough information regarding my care’ 17 (50%) responders ‘agreed’ with this statement and an additional 13 (38%) ‘strongly agreed’ (total of 88%). For the statement ‘I feel involved in decisions about my care’ 16 (47%) responders ‘agreed’ and a further 11 (32%) responders ‘strongly agreed’ with this statement. The statement ‘The professionals involved in my care talk to each other and we all work as a team’ had 15 (44%) responders ‘agree’ and 13 (38%) responders ‘strongly agree’. When asked ‘If you experienced telephone/video sessions, were these helpful?’ 31 responders said ‘yes’.ConclusionOverall most responders agreed or strongly agreed that they felt listened to, were given enough information about their care, felt involved in decisions about their care and that they worked as a team with the professionals involved in their care. 91% of responders felt that the video/telephone sessions had been helpful. These data have provided reassurance that telemedicine methods were a useful substitute for face-to-face consultations during the early stages of the pandemic. However this was a small scale study. This study cannot tell us about the experience after the initial 6 months of the pandemic, how often it would be optimal for people have face to face reviews, or whether satisfaction with telemedicine altered over a longer period. We were also not able to tell whether the experience varied for those who had less robust and longstanding relationships with their clinicians.