bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better preoperative exercise function is associated with shorter hospital stay after paediatric pulmonary valve replacement or conduit revision
Authors: Gauthier Naomi , Muter Angelika , Rhodes Jonathan , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Nathan Meena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExercise capacity is a modifiable factor in patients with CHD that has been related to surgical outcomes in adults. We hypothesised that this was true for children undergoing surgical pulmonary valve replacement; therefore, the relationship of preoperative percent predicted peak oxygen consumption to surgical outcomes as measured by total hospital length of stay was explored.Methods:Single centre retrospective cohort study of patients aged 8–18 years who underwent surgical pulmonary valve replacement. The primary predictor was preoperative percent predicted peak oxygen consumption, and primary outcome was total hospital length of stay. Clinical, imaging, and cardiopulmonary exercise test data were reviewed and compared to total hospital length of stay. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between total hospital length of stay and percent predicted peak oxygen consumption.Results:Three-hundred and seventy patients undergoing pulmonary valve replacement/conduit change between 2003 and 2017 at Boston Children’s Hospital were identified. Ninety had preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise tests within 6 months of surgery. Exclusion for inadequate exercise data (n = 3) and imaging data (n = 1) left 86 patients for review. Patients with percent predicted peak oxygen consumption ≥ 70% (n = 46, 53%) had shorter total hospital length of stay (4.4 days) than the 40 with percent predicted peak oxygen consumption <70% (5.4 days, p = 0.007). Median percent predicted peak oxygen consumption increased over sequential surgical eras (p < 0.001), but total hospital length of stay did not correlate with surgical era, preoperative left ventricular function, or preoperative right ventricular dilation.Conclusion:Children undergoing surgical pulmonary valve replacement with better preoperative exercise capacity had shorter total hospital length of stay. Exercise capacity is a potentially modifiable factor prior to and after pulmonary valve replacement. Until more patients systematically undergo cardiopulmonary exercise tests, the full impact of optimisation of exercise capacity will not be known.
Older people living at home: experiences of healthy ageing
Authors: Fjell Astrid , Eriksen Kristin Ådnøy , Hermann Monica , Boström Anne-Marie , Cronfalk Seiger Berit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to investigate how old persons perceived their life to be, how they viewed the ageing process and their need of health care and societal support.

Background:
The purpose of WHO’s Healthy Ageing strategy and development of age-friendly environments is to support physiological and psychosocial changes in old persons by facilitating basic needs. Interventions to operationalize these needs in older people living at home are often developed from a professional perspective and to a small extent involves the perceptions, experience and expectations of the older persons.

Method:
This qualitative study has an explorative design using focus group discussions to collect data. In all, 34 persons between 69 and 93 years of age participated in seven group discussions. The interviews were analyzed using inductive manifest content analysis.

Findings:
The main results suggest that most old persons enjoyed life and wished it to continue for as long as possible. Important was to sustain networks and to feel useful. Unexpected changes were described as threats and the need to use health care services was associated with illness and being dependent. The result is presented in three categories with sub-categories: ‘Embracing life’, ‘Dealing with challenges’ and ‘Considering the future’.
Autocorrelation Infrasound Interferometry
Authors: Ortiz Hugo D. , Matoza Robin S. , Johnson Jeffrey B. , Hernandez Stephen , Anzieta Juan C. , Ruiz Mario C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeismic and infrasound multistation ambient‐noise interferometry has been widely used to infer ground and atmospheric properties, and single‐station and autocorrelation seismic interferometry has also shown potential for characterizing Earth structure at multiple scales. We extend autocorrelation seismic interferometry to ambient atmospheric infrasound recordings that contain persistent local noise from waterfalls and rivers. Across a range of geographic settings, we retrieve relative sound‐speed changes that exhibit clear diurnal oscillations consistent with temperature and wind variations. We estimate ambient air temperatures from variations in relative sound speeds. The frequency band from 1 to 2 Hz appears most suitable to retrieve weather parameters as nearby waterfalls and rivers may act as continuous and vigorous sources of infrasound that help achieve convergence of coherent phases in the autocorrelation codas. This frequency band is also appropriate for local sound‐speed variations because it has infrasound with wavelengths of ∼170–340 m, corresponding to a typical atmospheric boundary layer height. After applying array analysis to autocorrelation functions derived from a three‐element infrasound array, we find that autocorrelation codas are composed of waves reflected off nearby topographic features, such as caldera walls. Lastly, we demonstrate that autocorrelation infrasound interferometry offers the potential to study the atmosphere over at least several months and with a fine time resolution.
Healthy herds in the phytoplankton: the benefit of selective parasitism
Authors: Laundon Davis , Mock Thomas , Wheeler Glen , Cunliffe Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The impact of selective predation of weaker individuals on the general health of prey populations is well-established in animal ecology. Analogous processes have not been considered at microbial scales despite the ubiquity of microbe-microbe interactions, such as parasitism. Here we present insights into the biotic interactions between a widespread marine thraustochytrid and a diatom from the ecologically important genus Chaetoceros. Physiological experiments show the thraustochytrid targets senescent diatom cells in a similar way to selective animal predation on weaker prey individuals. This physiology-selective targeting of ‘unhealthy’ cells appears to improve the overall health (i.e., increased photosynthetic quantum yield) of the diatom population without impacting density, providing support for ‘healthy herd’ dynamics in a protist–protist interaction, a phenomenon typically associated with animal predators and their prey. Thus, our study suggests caution against the assumption that protist–protist parasitism is always detrimental to the host population and highlights the complexity of microbial interactions.
Mitigating N2O emissions from agricultural soils with fungivorous mites
Authors: Shen Haoyang , Shiratori Yutaka , Ohta Sayuri , Masuda Yoko , Isobe Kazuo , Senoo Keishi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting substance. Due to the long persistence of N2O in the atmosphere, the mitigation of anthropogenic N2O emissions, which are mainly derived from microbial N2O-producing processes, including nitrification and denitrification by bacteria, archaea, and fungi, in agricultural soils, is urgently necessary. Members of mesofauna affect microbial processes by consuming microbial biomass in soil. However, how microbial consumption affects N2O emissions is largely unknown. Here, we report the significant role of fungivorous mites, the major mesofaunal group in agricultural soils, in regulating N2O production by fungi, and the results can be applied to the mitigation of N2O emissions. We found that the application of coconut husks, which is the low-value part of coconut and is commonly employed as a soil conditioner in agriculture, to soil can supply a favorable habitat for fungivorous mites due to its porous structure and thereby increase the mite abundance in agricultural fields. Because mites rapidly consume fungal N2O producers in soil, the increase in mite abundance substantially decreases the N2O emissions from soil. Our findings might provide new insight into the mechanisms of soil N2O emissions and broaden the options for the mitigation of N2O emissions.
Evolution of late-stage metastatic melanoma is dominated by aneuploidy and whole genome doubling
Authors: Vergara Ismael A. , Mintoff Christopher P. , Sandhu Shahneen , McIntosh Lachlan , Young Richard J. , Wong Stephen Q. , Colebatch Andrew , Cameron Daniel L. , Kwon Julia Lai , Wolfe Rory , Peng Angela , Ellul Jason , Dou Xuelin , Fedele Clare , Boyle Samantha , Arnau Gisela Mir , Raleigh Jeanette , Hatzimihalis Athena , Szeto Pacman , Mooi Jennifer , Widmer Daniel S. , Cheng Phil F. , Amann Valerie , Dummer Reinhard , Hayward Nicholas , Wilmott James , Scolyer Richard A. , Cho Raymond J. , Bowtell David , Thorne Heather , Alsop Kathryn , Cordner Stephen , Woodford Noel , Leditschke Jodie , O’Brien Patricia , Dawson Sarah-Jane , McArthur Grant A. , Mann Graham J. , Levesque Mitchell P. , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Shackleton Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough melanoma is initiated by acquisition of point mutations and limited focal copy number alterations in melanocytes-of-origin, the nature of genetic changes that characterise lethal metastatic disease is poorly understood. Here, we analyze the evolution of human melanoma progressing from early to late disease in 13 patients by sampling their tumours at multiple sites and times. Whole exome and genome sequencing data from 88 tumour samples reveals only limited gain of point mutations generally, with net mutational loss in some metastases. In contrast, melanoma evolution is dominated by whole genome doubling and large-scale aneuploidy, in which widespread loss of heterozygosity sculpts the burden of point mutations, neoantigens and structural variants even in treatment-naïve and primary cutaneous melanomas in some patients. These results imply that dysregulation of genomic integrity is a key driver of selective clonal advantage during melanoma progression.
Dispersive-wave induced noise limits in miniature soliton microwave sources
Authors: Yang Qi-Fan , Ji Qing-Xin , Wu Lue , Shen Boqiang , Wang Heming , Bao Chengying , Yuan Zhiquan , Vahala Kerry 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCompact, low-noise microwave sources are required throughout a wide range of application areas including frequency metrology, wireless-communications and airborne radar systems. And the photonic generation of microwaves using soliton microcombs offers a path towards integrated, low noise microwave signal sources. In these devices, a so called quiet-point of operation has been shown to reduce microwave frequency noise. Such operation decouples pump frequency noise from the soliton’s motion by balancing the Raman self-frequency shift with dispersive-wave recoil. Here, we explore the limit of this noise suppression approach and reveal a fundamental noise mechanism associated with fluctuations of the dispersive wave frequency. At the same time, pump noise reduction by as much as 36 dB is demonstrated. This fundamental noise mechanism is expected to impact microwave noise (and pulse timing jitter) whenever solitons radiate into dispersive waves belonging to different spatial mode families.
Efficient Lévy walks in virtual human foraging
Authors: Garg Ketika , Kello Christopher T 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEfficient foraging depends on decisions that account for the costs and benefits of various activities like movement, perception, and planning. We conducted a virtual foraging experiment set in the foothills of the Himalayas to examine how time and energy are expended to forage efficiently, and how foraging changes when constrained to a home range. Two hundred players foraged the human-scale landscape with simulated energy expenditure in search of naturally distributed resources. Results showed that efficient foragers produced periods of locomotion interleaved with perception and planning that approached theoretical expectations for Lévy walks, regardless of the home-range constraint. Despite this constancy, efficient home-range foraging trajectories were less diffusive by virtue of restricting locomotive search and spending more time instead scanning the environment to plan movement and detect far-away resources. Altogether, results demonstrate that humans can forage efficiently by arranging and adjusting Lévy-distributed search activities in response to environmental and task constraints.
Synovial fluid but not plasma interleukin-8 is associated with clinical severity and inflammatory markers in knee osteoarthritis women with joint effusion
Authors: García-Manrique María , Calvet Joan , Orellana Cristóbal , Berenguer-Llergo Antoni , Garcia-Cirera Silvia , Llop Maria , Albiñana-Giménez Néstor , Galisteo-Lencastre Carlos , Gratacós Jordi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeveral cytokines and adipokines are related to clinical severity and progression in knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of IL-8 with clinical severity and with local and systemic adipokines and cytokines. This is a Cross-sectional study including 115 women with symptomatic primary knee osteoarthritis with ultrasound-confirmed joint effusion. Age, symptoms duration and body mass index were collected. Radiographic severity was evaluated according to Kellgren–Lawrence. Pain and disability were assessed by Lequesne and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain, symptoms and function scales. Three inflammatory markers and five adipokines were measured by ELISA in serum and synovial fluid. Partial correlation coefficient (PCC) and corresponding 95% confidence interval were used to evaluate association. Synovial fluid IL-8 was significantly associated with clinical severity scales. After controlling for potential confounders, associations measured by a Partial Correlation Coefficient (PCC) remained essentially unaltered for Lequesne (PCC = 0.237), KOOS pain (PCC = − 0.201) and KOOS symptoms (PCC = − 0.209), KOOS function (PCC = − 0.185), although the later did not reach statistical significance. Also in synovial fluid samples, associations were found between IL-8 and TNF (PCC = 0.334), IL6 (PCC = 0.461), osteopontin (PCC = 0.575), visfatin (PCC = 0.194) and resistin (PCC = 0.182), although significance was not achieved for the later after statistical control for confounders. None of these associations were detected in serum. In conclusion, IL-8 was associated with clinical severity, inflammatory markers and adipokines in synovial fluid, but not in blood. Although the reported associations are weak to moderate in magnitude, these findings reinforce the notion that local and not systemic inflammation is more relevant to clinical severity in knee OA women with joint effusion.
Chromosomal translocation t(11;14) and p53 deletion induced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system in normal B cell-derived iPS cells
Authors: Azami Yusuke , Tsuyama Naohiro , Abe Yu , Sugai-Takahashi Misaki , Kudo Ken-ichi , Ota Akinobu , Sivasundaram Karnan , Muramatsu Moe , Shigemura Tomonari , Sasatani Megumi , Hashimoto Yuko , Saji Shigehira , Kamiya Kenji , Hanamura Ichiro , Ikezoe Takayuki , Onodera Masafumi , Sakai Akira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) cells are derived from mature B cells based on immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene analysis. The onset of MM is often caused by a reciprocal chromosomal translocation (cTr) between chr 14 withIgHand chr 11 withCCND1. We propose that mature B cells gain potential to transform by reprograming, and then chromosomal aberrations cause the development of abnormal B cells as a myeloma-initiating cell during B cell redifferentiation. To study myeloma-initiating cells, we have already established normal B cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (BiPSCs). Here we established two BiPSCs with reciprocal cTr t(11;14) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system; the cleavage site were located in theIgHEμ region of either the VDJ rearranged allele or non-rearranged allele ofIgHand the 5′-upsteam region of theCCND1(two types of BiPSC13 with t(11;14) and MIB2-6 with t(11;14)). Furthermore,p53was deleted using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in BiPSC13 with t(11;14). These BiPSCs differentiated into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). However, unlike cord blood, those HPCs did not differentiated into B lymphocytes by co-culture with BM stromal cell. Therefore, further ingenuity is required to differentiate those BiPSCs-derived HPCs into B lymphocytes.
The human EDAR 370V/A polymorphism affects tooth root morphology potentially through the modification of a reaction–diffusion system
Authors: Kataoka Keiichi , Fujita Hironori , Isa Mutsumi , Gotoh Shimpei , Arasaki Akira , Ishida Hajime , Kimura Ryosuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMorphological variations in human teeth have long been recognized and, in particular, the spatial and temporal distribution of two patterns of dental features in Asia, i.e., Sinodonty and Sundadonty, have contributed to our understanding of the human migration history. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such dental variations have not yet been completely elucidated. Recent studies have clarified that a nonsynonymous variant in the ectodysplasin A receptor gene (EDAR370V/A; rs3827760) contributes to crown traits related to Sinodonty. In this study, we examined the association between theEDARpolymorphism and tooth root traits by using computed tomography images and identified that the effects of theEDARvariant on the number and shape of roots differed depending on the tooth type. In addition, to better understand tooth root morphogenesis, a computational analysis for patterns of tooth roots was performed, assuming a reaction–diffusion system. The computational study suggested that the complicated effects of theEDARpolymorphism could be explained when it is considered that EDAR modifies the syntheses of multiple related molecules working in the reaction–diffusion dynamics. In this study, we shed light on the molecular mechanisms of tooth root morphogenesis, which are less understood in comparison to those of tooth crown morphogenesis.
Origin and variability of statistical dependencies between peak, volume, and duration of rainfall-driven flood events
Authors: Rahimi L. , Deidda C. , De Michele C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFloods are among the most common and impactful natural events. The hazard of a flood event depends on its peak (Q), volume (V) and duration (D), which are interconnected to each other. Here, we used a worldwide dataset of daily discharge, two statistics (Kendall’s tau and Spearman’s rho) and a conceptual hydrological rainfall-runoff model as model-dependent realism, to investigate the factors controlling and the origin of the dependence between each couple of flood characteristics, with the focus to rainfall-driven events. From the statistical analysis of worldwide dataset, we found that the catchment area is ineffective in controlling the dependence between Q and V, while the dependencies between Q and D, and V and D show an increasing behavior with the catchment area. From the modeling activity, on the U.S. subdataset, we obtained that the conceptual hydrological model is able to represent the observed dependencies between each couple of variables for rainfall-driven flood events, and for such events, the pairwise dependence of each couple is not causal, is of spurious kind, coming from the “Principle of Common Cause”.
Postoperative around-the-clock administration of intravenous acetaminophen for pain control following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Inoue Shogo , Miyoshi Hirotsugu , Hieda Keisuke , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Tsutsumi Yasuo M. , Teishima Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the impact of around-the-clock (ATC) administration of intravenous (IV) acetaminophen following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Intravenous infusion of acetaminophen was started on the day of the operation at 1000 mg/dose every 6 h, and the infusion was continued on a fixed schedule until postoperative day 2 a.m. In a retrospective observational study, we compared 127 patients who were administered IV acetaminophen on a fixed schedule (ATC group) with 485 patients who were administered analgesic drugs only as needed (PRN group). We investigated postoperative pain intensity and additional analgesic consumption on postoperative day 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 between the two groups. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the ATC group than in the PRN group at 1 and 2 days, and this period matched the duration of ATC administration of IV acetaminophen. Postoperative frequency of rescue analgesia was significantly lower in the ATC group than in the PRN group at postoperative 0, 1, and 2 days. ATC administration of IV acetaminophen has the potential to be a very versatile and valuable additional dose to achieve appropriate postoperative analgesia in patients with RARP.
Feasibility, safety and accuracy of a CT-guided robotic assistance for percutaneous needle placement in a swine liver model
Authors: Guiu Boris , De Baère Thierry , Noel Guillaume , Ronot Maxime 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of a CT-guided robotic assistance for percutaneous needle placement in the liver. Sixty-six fiducials were surgically inserted into the liver of ten swine and used as targets for needle insertions. All CT-scan acquisitions and robotically-assisted needle insertions were coordinated with breath motion using respiratory monitoring. Skin entry and target points were defined on planning CT-scan. Then, robotically-assisted insertions of 17G needles were performed either by experienced interventional radiologists or by a novice. Post-needle insertion CT-scans were acquired to assess accuracy (3D deviation, ie. distance from needle tip to predefined target) and safety. All needle insertions (43/43; median trajectory length = 83 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 72–105 mm) could be performed in one (n = 36) or two (n = 7) attempts (100% feasibility). Blinded evaluation showed an accuracy of 3.5 ± 1.3 mm. Accuracy did not differ between novice and experienced operators (3.7 ± 1.3 versus 3.4 ± 1.2 mm, P = 0.44). Neither trajectory angulation nor trajectory length significantly impacted accuracy. No complications were encountered. Needle insertion using the robotic device was shown feasible, safe and accurate in a swine liver model. Accuracy was influenced neither by the trajectory length nor by trajectory angulations nor by operator’s experience. A prospective human clinical trial is recruiting.
KLa(0.95−x)GdxF4:Eu3+ hexagonal phase nanoparticles as luminescent probes for in vitro Huh-7 cancer cell imaging
Authors: Gupta Mohini , Nagarajan Rajamani , Ramamurthy Chitteti , Vivekanandan Perumal , Prakash G. Vijaya 
Published: March 2021

Strong and site selective red-emitting photoluminescent/MRI multi-functional KLa(0.95−x)GdxF4:Eu3+ (x = 0–0.4) bio-compatible nanomaterials for targeted in-vitro liver cancer cell imaging.