bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spermatogenesis in the Roborovski hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) and the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus)
Authors: Meyer Vivian , Klose Melanie , Lerchl Alexander 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpermatogenesis is an elaborately organized and tightly regulated differentiation process. The spermatogenesis duration is stable within a certain species but highly variable between species of the same family.ObjectivesIn this study, the spermatogenesis duration of the Roborovski hamster was measured for the first time, and the spermatogenesis duration of the Chinese hamster was re‐assessed.Materials and methodsStage classification and cycle length measurement were carried out by labeling the dividing cells with bromodeoxyuridine and an antibody‐based chromogen as well as with the periodic acid‐Schiff/hematoxylin stain. Analysis was conducted using reference calculation and linear regression. Morphological measurements completed our set of methods.ResultsThe mean duration of one seminiferous epithelium cycle was 8.58 ± 0.34 days (mean ± SEM; Phodopus roborovskii) and 16.59 ± 0.47 days (Cricetulus griseus) based on the reference calculation. Slightly higher results were obtained using linear regression analysis: 9.72 ± 0.41 days for P. roborovskii and 17.64 ± 0.61 days for C. griseus. Additionally, a newly developed exemplary flowchart was proposed for the Roborovski hamster to facilitate spermatogenesis stage classification also in other species. The Chinese hamster presented an unexpectedly high paired epididymides weight of 1.701 ± 0.046 g (mean ± SEM) although having a body weight of only 40.5 ± 0.7 g. However, no significant correlation between the relative epididymis weight and spermatogenesis duration in mammals (Spearman rank correlation: r = −0.119, p = 0.607, n = 21) or rodents could be found (r = 0.045, p = 0.903, n = 11).ConclusionOur data emphasize the stability of the spermatogenesis duration within species and its remarkable variability between species. Further research is needed to identify the principal mechanisms and selection drivers that are responsible for such stability within species and the variability between species.
Incidence of cataract surgeries in people with and without Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hokkinen Kaisa , Kaarniranta Kai , Jämsen Esa , Lampela Pasi , Hartikainen Sirpa , Tolppanen Anna‐Maija 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the incidence of cataract surgeries in relation to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis and to compare it with that in people without AD.MethodsThe MEDALZ–study includes community‐dwelling Finnish persons who received clinically verified AD diagnoses (n = 70718) during 2005–2011 and a matched comparison cohort without AD (n = 70718). The cataract surgeries were identified from the Care Register for Healthcare (1996–2015) using NOMESCO surgical procedure codes CJE (10,15,20,25,99), CJF (00,10,20,30,40,45,50,55,99) and CJG (00,05,10,15,20,25,99). The incidence rates for surgeries per 100 person‐years were calculated from 10 years before to 3 years after the index date (date of AD diagnosis from the Special Reimbursement Register).Results25 763 cataract procedures were performed on persons with AD and 26 254 on persons without AD during the follow‐up. The incidence of surgery increased similarly in both groups before the index date of AD diagnosis, and the rate of surgery was similar in people with and without AD (3.5 and 3.3/100 person‐years, respectively). The incidence diminished steeply in the AD group already one year after the index date, whereas the slow increase continued in the non‐AD group. After the index date, the rates were 3.7 and 4.7/100 person‐years in people with and without AD.ConclusionThe diminishing surgery rate very soon after AD diagnosis is concerning. The stigma of AD diagnosis may lead to fewer referrals to surgery, although these patients are expected to benefit from surgery.
Innate IL‐23/Type 17 immune responses mediate the effect of the 17q21 locus on childhood asthma
Authors: Wang Ni , Brix Susanne , Larsen Jeppe M. , Thysen Anna H. , Rasmussen Morten A. , Workman Christopher T. , Stokholm Jakob , Bønnelykke Klaus , Bisgaard Hans , Chawes Bo L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral childhood asthma risk loci that relate to immune function have been identified by genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.ObjectiveHere, we examined whether perturbed innate immune responses mediate the association between known genetic risk variants and development of childhood asthma.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from 336 six‐month‐old infants from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC2000) cohort were stimulated in vitro with six different innate ligands (LPS, CpG, poly(I:C), R848, HDMAPP and aluminium hydroxide together with low levels of LPS) followed by quantification of 18 released cytokines and chemokines 40 h after the stimulations. The innate immune response profiles were decomposed by principal component (PC) analysis, and PC1‐5 were used in mediation analyses of the effect of 25 known genetic risk variants on childhood asthma until age 7.ResultsThe effects of two variants from the 17q21 locus (rs7216389, rs2305480) on asthma and exacerbation risk were significantly mediated by immune parameters induced in response to ligands mimicking intracellular colonization; bacterial DNA (CpG) and double‐stranded viral RNA (poly(I:C)). The Th17 and innate lymphoid cell type 3‐amplifying cytokine IL‐23 was the most prominent cytokine involved.ConclusionThe 17q21 effect on childhood asthma and exacerbations was partly mediated by deregulation of IL‐23 in response to intracellular microbial ligands, which may suggest ineffective clearance of intracellular pathogens in the lungs.
Copy number variation analysis implicates novel pathways in patients with oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral‐spectrum and congenital heart defects
Authors: Guida Valentina , Sparascio Francesca Piceci , Bernardini Laura , Pancheri Francesco , Melis Daniela , Cocciadiferro Dario , Pagnoni Mario , Puzzo Marianna , Goldoni Marina , Barone Chiara , Hozhabri Hossein , Putotto Carolina , Giuffrida Maria Grazia , Briuglia Silvana , Palumbo Orazio , Bianca Sebastiano , Stanzial Franco , Benedicenti Francesco , Kariminejad Ariana , Forzano Francesca , Baghernajad Salehi Leila , Mattina Teresa , Brancati Francesco , Castori Marco , Carella Massimo , Fadda Maria Teresa , Iannetti Giorgio , Dallapiccola Bruno , Digilio Maria Cristina , Marino Bruno , Tartaglia Marco , De Luca Alessandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a developmental disorder of craniofacial morphogenesis. Its etiology is unclear, but assumed to be complex and heterogeneous, with contribution of both genetic and environmental factors. We assessed the occurrence of copy number variants (CNVs) in a cohort of 19 unrelated OAVS individuals with congenital heart defect. Chromosomal microarray analysis identified pathogenic CNVs in 2/19 (10.5%) individuals, and CNVs classified as variants of uncertain significance in 7/19 (36.9%) individuals. Remarkably, two subjects had small intragenic CNVs involving DACH1 and DACH2, two paralogs coding for key components of the PAX‐SIX‐EYA‐DACH network, a transcriptional regulatory pathway controlling developmental processes relevant to OAVS and causally associated with syndromes characterized by craniofacial involvement. Moreover, a third patient showed a large duplication encompassing DMBX1/OTX3, encoding a transcriptional repressor of OTX2, another transcription factor functionally connected to the DACH‐EYA‐PAX network. Among the other relevant CNVs, a deletion encompassing HSD17B6, a gene connected with the retinoic acid signaling pathway, whose dysregulation has been implicated in craniofacial malformations, was also identified. Our findings suggest that CNVs affecting gene dosage likely contribute to the genetic heterogeneity of OAVS, and implicate the PAX‐SIX‐EYA‐DACH network as novel pathway involved in the etiology of this developmental trait.
Activated mesangial cells induce glomerular endothelial cells proliferation in rat anti‐Thy‐1 nephritis through VEGFA/VEGFR2 and Angpt2/Tie2 pathway
Authors: Zhao Yinghua , Fu Bo , Chen Pu , Li Qinggang , Ouyang Qing , Zhang Chuyue , Cai Guangyan , Wu Lingling , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation in anti‐Thy‐1 nephritis.Materials and methodsWe established anti‐Thy‐1 nephritis and co‐culture system to explore the underlying mechanism of ECs proliferation in vivo and in vitro. EdU assay kit was used for measuring cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect protein expression. ELISA was used to measure the concentration of protein in serum and medium. RT‐qPCR and Western blot were used to qualify the mRNA and protein expression. siRNA was used to knock down specific protein expression.ResultsIn anti‐Thy‐1 nephritis, ECs proliferation was associated with mesangial cells (MCs)‐derived vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and ECs‐derived angiopoietin2 (Angpt2). In vitro co‐culture system activated MCs‐expressed VEGFA to promote vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2 (VEGFR2) activation, Angpt2 expression and ECs proliferation, but inhibit TEK tyrosine kinase (Tie2) phosphorylation. MCs‐derived VEGFA stimulated Angpt2 expression in ECs, which inhibited Tie2 phosphorylation and promoted ECs proliferation. And decline of Tie2 phosphorylation induced ECs proliferation. In anti‐Thy‐1 nephritis, promoting Tie2 phosphorylation could alleviate ECs proliferation.ConclusionsOur study showed that activated MCs promoted ECs proliferation through VEGFA/VEGFR2 and Angpt2/Tie2 pathway in experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and in vitro co‐culture system. And enhancing Tie2 phosphorylation could alleviate ECs proliferation, which will provide a new idea for MPGN treatment.
Characterising patterns of alcohol use among heavy drinkers: A cluster analysis utilising alcohol biosensor data
Authors: Gunn Rachel L. , Steingrimsson Jon A. , Merrill Jennifer E. , Souza Timothy , Barnett Nancy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrevious research has predominately relied on person‐level or single characteristics of drinking episodes to characterise patterns of drinking that may confer risk. This research often relies on self‐report measures. Advancements in wearable alcohol biosensors provide a multi‐faceted objective measure of drinking. The current study aimed to characterise drinking episodes using data derived from a wearable alcohol biosensor.MethodsParticipants (n = 45) were adult heavy drinkers who wore the Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitoring (SCRAM) bracelet and reported on their drinking behaviours. Cluster analysis was used to evaluate unique combinations of alcohol episode characteristics. Associations between clusters and self‐reported person and event‐level factors were also examined in univariable and multivariable models.ResultsResults suggested three unique clusters: Cluster 1 (most common, slowest rate of rise to and decline from peak), Cluster 2 (highest peak transdermal alcohol concentration and area under the curve) and Cluster 3 (fastest rate of decline from peak). Univariable analyses distinguished Cluster 1 as having fewer self‐reported drinks and fewer episodes that occurred on weekends relative to Cluster 2. The effect for number of drinks remained in multivariable analyses.Discussion and ConclusionsThis is the first study to characterise drinking patterns at the event‐level using objective data. Results suggest that it is possible to distinguish drinking episodes based on several characteristics derived from wearable alcohol biosensors. This examination lays the groundwork for future studies to characterise patterns of drinking and their association with consequences of drinking behaviour.
Healthcare‐associated blood stream infections in hematological patients in Finland during the years 2006‐2016
Authors: Åttman Emilia , Syrjänen Jaana , Lyytikäinen Outi , Ollgren Jukka , Sinisalo Marjatta , Vuento Risto , Mattila Erja , Huttunen Reetta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to identify the clinical characteristics, outcome, and antimicrobial susceptibility of healthcare‐associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) in hematological patients.MethodsThis retrospectively collected laboratory‐based surveillance data include 3404 healthcare‐associated BSIs in 2296 patients with a hematological malignancy in hospitals participating in the Finnish Hospital Infection Program from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2016.ResultsThe most common underlying diseases were acute myelogenous leukemia (35%) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (22%). Gram‐positive organisms accounted for 60%‐46% and gram‐negative organisms for 24%‐36% of BSIs in 2006‐2016. The most common causative organism was coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) (n = 731). The 7‐ and 28‐day case fatality rates were 5.2% and 11.4%, respectively, and was highest in BSIs caused by Candida species (10.8% and 30.8%). The median age of patients increased from 59 years in 2006‐2008 to 62 years in 2015‐2016 (P < .01). Five percent of S aureus isolates were resistant to methicillin and five percent of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were multidrug‐resistant. Four percent of Klebsiella and seven percent of E coli isolates were resistant to ceftazidime.ConclusionsThe proportion of gram‐positive bacteria decreased and gram‐negative bacteria increased over time. The case fatality rate was low and the median age of patients increased during the study.
How do natural soil NH4+, NO3− and N2O interact in response to nitrogen input in different climatic zones? A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Liu Qi , Ji Xiaofang , Cao Minmin , Zhang Yuefang , Jiang Jiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increase of fossil‐fuel burning and nitrogen (N) fertilizer consumption continues to elevate global N deposition, leading to significant increases of soil NH4+ and NO3− concentrations, and thus N2O emissions. This is especially important for natural, unmanaged soils which are considered as areas that are sensitive to N input. However, uncertainties exist regarding the interactions of soil N2O emissions with soil NH4+ and NO3− concentrations in response to N input in different climatic regions, as well as their underlying potential mechanisms. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the responses of these three forms of N to external N input across global natural ecosystems, using data extracted from peer‐reviewed studies. The results show that soil NO3− concentrations are increased to a much larger extent by N input in temperate regions (136%) compared to tropical (62%) and subtropical (54%) regions, whereas the increase of soil NH4+ concentrations by N input is much less than soil NO3− concentrations, at 20%, 26% and 28% in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions, respectively. The significantly larger increase in soil NO3− concentrations but slightly lower increase in soil NH4+ concentrations in temperate regions compared to other climatic zones may be ascribed to the dominant nitrification process in temperate areas, which promotes the conversion of NH4+ to NO3−. Soil N2O emissions were increased to the greatest extent in subtropical regions (348%) in response to N input, followed by temperate regions (111%) and tropical regions (44%), which may be a result of the dominant denitrification process in subtropical regions, which promotes N2O production. It is likely that denitrification also dominates N2O production in tropical regions, but the dampened effect of N input on stimulating soil N2O emissions in these areas suggests that the loss of NO3− substrate due to intensive leaching might be an important issue. This study could provide a better understanding of the heterogeneous risks of soil N responses in different climatic zones in the context of increasing global N deposition.HighlightsLarger N input‐induced increases in soil NO3− concentrations in temperate regions may derive from increased nitrification.Larger N input‐induced increases in soil N2O emissions in subtropical regions may derive from increased denitrification.Less increase in soil N2O emissions in tropical regions after N input may be due to heavy precipitation‐induced NO3− leaching.Soil N2O emissions in subtropical regions may be more sensitive to increased N input compared to other climatic zones.
Bonding Together like a Family: Self‐development within an Affective Community among Elite College Students in South Korea
Authors: Yun Jiyoung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the advance of globalization and neoliberalism, the discourse of self‐development that promotes a neoliberal vision of self figures large in the lives of college students in South Korea. Based on ethnographic research in an undergraduate business club at a prestigious university in South Korea, I explore how a neoliberal ideal of self‐development is practiced and embodied by these elite students. Specifically, I examine how they develop a unique way to promote self‐development through the mobilization of family metaphors and affective bonds within club teams. Self‐development pursued in a familial team leads them not only to reconstruct meanings of autonomy and self‐management but also to learn the significance of an affective community. By illustrating an unlikely coalition between neoliberal selfhood and familial affect, my findings point to the emergence of a profoundly relational self as a result of the reconfiguration of the neoliberal ideal in specific sociocultural and relational contexts. [neoliberal self, self‐development, affective community, familism, college students, South Korea]Abstract in Korean본 논문은 한 명문 대학교의 경영 동아리에 대한 민족지적 연구를 토대로, 명문대 학생들이 신자유주의적인 자기계발을 어떻게 토착화하여 해석하고 실천하고 있는지에 주목한다. 구체적으로 학생들이 하나의 팀을 가족에 비유하여 끈끈한 유대를 형성함으로써 자기계발을 도모하는 독특한 실천 방식을 탐구한다. 가족적인 팀에서 이루어지는 자기계발의 실천을 통해 학생들은 신자유주의적인 담론에서 요구하는 자율성과 자기관리의 의미를 새롭게 구성하고, 보살핌과 유대의 중요성에 대해 배운다. 본 연구는 신자유주의적 자기계발이 가족 비유 및 가족애적 정서와 역설적으로 결합하는 모습을 보여줌으로써, 신자유주의적인 자아상에 대한 추구가 구체적인 사회문화적 맥락에서 재구성되며 오히려 지극히 관계적인 자아를 빚어내는 모습을 포착한다.
Estimating the intrinsic dissipation using the second harmonic of the temperature signal in tension‐compression fatigue. Part II: Experiments
Authors: Meneghetti Giovanni , Ricotta Mauro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe theoretical approach developed in the companion paper is applied to the temperature signals acquired by using an infrared camera, during step‐load fatigue tests carried out on AISI 304L cold‐drawn bars. The intrinsic dissipation, calculated according to the analytical model and by means of the discrete Fourier transform of the material temperature, is compared with that measured by using a well‐established experimental approach based on the measurement of the cooling gradient of the material temperature, after the fatigue test has been suddenly stopped. The results of this study indicate that the intrinsic dissipation calculated according to the two approaches become increasingly closer to one another for progressively higher applied stress amplitudes.
Concomitant use of bypassing agents with emicizumab for people with haemophilia A and inhibitors undergoing surgery
Authors: Jiménez‐Yuste Victor , Rodríguez‐Merchán E. Carlos , Matsushita Tadashi , Holme Pål Andrè 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionSurgery in people with haemophilia and factor VIII inhibitors is typically managed with perioperative administration of haemostatic agents to prevent or control the occurrence of bleeding events. Practical experience of surgery in patients with inhibitors who are receiving treatment with emicizumab is growing; however, the novelty of the situation means that standardised guidelines are lacking with regard to the concomitant administration of haemostatic agents, including dose and laboratory monitoring.AimTo review approaches to haemostatic management during major and minor invasive procedures in patients with haemophilia A and inhibitors, and to provide recommendations for controlling bleeding events.MethodsA search was conducted, limited to the past 4 years (January 2016‐April 2020), pertaining to published evidence of surgery for patients receiving emicizumab. Publications identified from the search were manually reviewed to determine studies and case reports relevant for inclusion.ResultsIdentified literature and practical experience of the authors were used to build a consensus of practical recommendations for the concomitant administration of haemostatic agents during the perioperative period for elective surgery in patients with inhibitors who are receiving emicizumab.ConclusionsThe current evidence base indicates that surgery can be successfully performed in patients with inhibitors who are receiving emicizumab and that bypassing agents can be used concomitantly. Data from prospective studies are required to further support recommendations for haemostatic management of surgery in patients receiving emicizumab.
Systematic application of fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunophenotype profile for the identification of ZNF384 gene rearrangements in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Janet Nancy Beryl , Kulkarni Uday , Arun Arunachalam Kumar , Bensega Bexy , Devasia Anup J. , Korula Anu , Abraham Aby , George Biju , Mathews Vikram , Balasubramanian Poonkuzhali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionZNF384 gene fusions resulting from translocations with several partner genes have been described in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) with a characteristic immunophenotype (aberrant CD13 and or CD33 with dim CD10). The prognosis of patients with this rearrangement appears to depend on the fusion partner. ZNF384 rearrangements have been identified by high through put technologies such as RNA sequencing in most of the studies published. We tested the feasibility of using the characteristic immunophenotype as a tool to screen for patients with ZNF384 translocations which can be subsequently confirmed by cytogenetic / molecular methodologies.MethodsZNF384 rearrangements in B‐ALL patients at diagnosis with CD10 <80% and were negative for the BCR‐ABL1 fusion (n = 109) were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization followed by confirmation by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. The end of induction measurable residual disease evaluated by flow cytometry for these patients was obtained from patient records.ResultsZNF384 translocations were identified in 14 patients and were cytogenetically cryptic in 13. EP300‐ZNF384 was the most common fusion partner (n = 12), while TAF15‐ZNF384 and TCF3‐ZNF384 were identified in 1 patient each. End of induction MRD by flow cytometry was positive in 5 of 8 patients with the EP300‐ZNF384 fusion treated at our center.ConclusionOur findings show a practical approach for the identification of ZNF384 gene rearrangements by widely available technologies and indicate that the response to therapy may be heterogeneous even in this subset, which has been reported as having a favorable prognosis.