bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discussion of Papers Concerned with Sulfide Deposits
Authors: Naldrett A. J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this discussion I make no pretence of covering all the papers that were concerned with sulfide ore deposits but restrict myself to three or four that touch on problems of particular interest to me. The paper by Souch, Podolsky, et al. (this volume) on the ores of the Sudbury district contains much factual information that has an important bearing on the hypotheses that we may propose for the origin and emplacement of the ores. Data from my own recent study (Naldrett and Kullerud, 1966) of the Strathcona Mine point to hypotheses similar to those suggested by the evidence in Souch et al.'s paper. Accordingly, I will first consider the Sudbury ores, touching on problems such as the nature of the Nickel Irruptive and the emplacement of the sulfide ores. Following this I will discuss the papers describing nickel deposits associated with ultramafic rocks.
Agency and Displacement of Ethnic Polish and Jewish Families After World War II
Authors: Cichopek-Gajraj Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article follows the migratory experiences of four ethnic Polish and Jewish families from Poland in the aftermath of World War II. It focuses on their agency—choices and decisions—at the time of their displacement, showing that they all improvised or acted creatively, at times outside legal bounds, to find new homes. This article places their agency within gendered family dynamics and the broader social, cultural, and economic contexts. While the postwar displacement by and large maintained gender inequalities, it also created conditions in which the most constrained family members (women and children) could exercise meaningful action by using the available models and resources and inverting the traditional family roles.
Enhanced recovery after cystectomy in patients with preoperative narcotic use
Authors: Ghodoussipour Saum , Ghoreifi Alireza , Katebian Behdod , Cameron Brian H. , Mitra Anirban P. , Cai Jie , Miranda Gus , Schuckman Anne K. , Daneshmand Siamak , Djaladat Hooman 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of radical cystectomy with an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in patients with a history of chronic preoperative narcotic use compared to narcotic-naive patients.
Methods: We identified 553 patients who underwent open radical cystectomy with ERAS. Preoperative narcotic use was identified in 34 patients who were then matched to 68 narcotic-naive patients. Postoperative outcomes, opioid use, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were analyzed and compared. All routes of opioid use were recorded and converted to a morphine equivalent dose (MED).
Results: Patients with preoperative narcotic use reported higher median VAS pain scores per day (POD1: 5.2 vs. 3.9, p=0.003; POD2: 5.1 vs. 3.6, p<0.001; POD3: 4.6 vs. 3.8, p=0.004) and used significantly more opioids (median MED) per day (POD1: 13.2 vs. 10.0, p=0.02; POD2: 11.3 vs. 6.4, p=0.003; POD3: 10.2 vs. 5.0, p=0.005) following surgery. Preoperative narcotic users were noted to have a significantly higher incidence of 90-day readmissions (41.2% vs. 20.6%, p=0.03). There was no difference in median hospital stay (4 vs. 4 days, p=0.6), 30- or 90-day complications (64.7% vs. 60.3%, p=0.8 and 82.4% vs. 75.0%, p=0.4, respectively) or gastrointestinal complications (29.4% vs. 26.5%, p=0.8), including postoperative ileus (11.8% vs. 20.6%, p=0.2).
Conclusions: Patients with preoperative narcotic exposure report higher pain scores and require more opioid use following radical cystectomy with ERAS and are more likely to be readmitted within 90 days. However, there was no observed difference in hospital stay or complications.
Hacia un modelo Transdiagnóstico integrador de la Psicopatología externalizante [Towards an Integrative Transdiagnostic Model of the Externalizing Psychopathology]
Authors: Toro Ronald , García-García Juan , Zaldivar-Basurto Flor 
Published: May 2021

ResumenLa investigación de las psicopatologías del espectro externalizante ha tenido avances significativos desde modelos transdiagnósticos integradores. En el presente artículo se presenta un análisis de los avances y las direcciones de integración, haciendo un énfasis particular en las principales variables y modelos teóricos considerados relevantes. En primer lugar, se resalta la importancia de una perspectiva dimensional espectral de los diagnósticos, según sus mecanismos etiológicos y mantenedores comunes, no solamente a nivel sintomático sino procesal. Entre las variables con mayor evidencia se presentan la disregulación emocional y la rumiación ira, ambas asociadas a la aparición y modulación de la respuesta agresiva reactiva y proactiva. Al finalizar, se propone la integración de los aportes derivados de la teoría de la sensibilidad al refuerzo y los sistemas de dominancia conductual, en un modelo transdiagnóstico integrador. Esta propuesta involucra los avances teóricos a nivel motivacional como la inhibición y la activación conductual, cuya capacidad explicativa permite comprender las dificultades relativas a la impulsividad, la psicopatía, y la autorregulación emocional y conductual. Estos avances convergen en el marco de investigación de criterio dominante, un verdadero avance en los estudios de la salud mental actual. AbstractResearch on externalizing spectrum psychopathologies has had significant advances from integrative transdiagnostic models. This article analyzes the progress and directions of integration, with particular emphasis on the main variables and theoretical models considered relevant. First, the importance of a spectral dimensional perspective of the diagnoses is highlighted based on their common etiological mechanisms and maintainers, not only at the symptomatic level but also at the procedural level. Emotional dysregulation and anger rumination are among the variables with the most evidence, both associated with the appearance and modulation of the reactive and proactive aggressive response. In the end, the integration of the contributions derived from the theory of reinforcement sensitivity, and behavioral dominance systems is proposed in an integrative transdiagnostic model. This proposal involves theoretical advances at the motivational level, such as inhibition and behavioral activation, whose explanatory capacity allows understanding the difficulties related to impulsivity, psychopathy, and emotional and behavioral self-regulation. These advances converge in the dominant criterion research framework, a real breakthrough in current mental health studies.
Database of Sail Shapes vs. Sail Performance and Validation of Numerical Calculation for Upwind Condition
Authors: Masuyama Yutaka , Tahara Yusuke , Fukasawa Toichi , Maeda Naotoshi 
Published: May 2021

Database of full-scale three-dimensional sail shapes are presented with the aerodynamic coefficients for the upwind condition of IMS type sails. Three-dimensional shape data are used for the input of numerical calculations and the results are compared with the measured sail performance. The sail shapes and performance are measured using a sail dynamometer boat Fujin. The Fujin is a 34-foot LOA boat, in which load cells and charge coupled devices (CCD) cameras are installed to measure the sail forces and shapes simultaneously. The sailing conditions of the boat, such as boat speed, heel angle, wind speed, wind angle, and so on, are also measured. The tested sail configurations are as follows: mainsail with 130% jib, mainsail with 75% jib and mainsail alone. Sail shapes are measured at several height positions. The measured shape parameters are chord length, maximum draft, maximum draft position, entry angle at the luff and exit angle at the leech. From these parameters three-dimensional coordinates of the sails are calculated by interpolation. These three-dimensional coordinates are tabulated with the aerodynamic coefficients.
Numerical calculations are performed using the measured sail shapes. The calculation methods are of two types; Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-based CFD and vortex lattice methods (VLM). A multi-block RANS-based CFD method was developed by one of the authors and is capable of predicting viscous flows and aerodynamic forces for complicated sail configuration for upwind as well as downwind conditions. Important features of the numerical method are summarized as follows: a Finite- Analytic scheme to discretize transport equations, a PISO type velocity-pressure coupling scheme, multi-block domain decomposition capability, and several choices of turbulence models depending on flows of interest. An automatic grid generation scheme is also included. Another calculation method, the vortex lattice method is also adopted. In this case, step-by-step calculations are conducted to attain the steady state of the sail in steady wind. Wake vortices are generated step-by-step, which flow in the direction of the local velocity vector. These calculated sail forces are compared with the measured one, and the validity of the numerical method is studied. The sail shape database and comparison with numerical calculations will provide a good benchmark for the sail performance analysis of the upwind condition of IMS type sails.
Enhanced Wind Tunnel and Full-Scale Sail Force Comparison
Authors: Hansen Heikki , Richards Peter J. , Jackson Peter S. 
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a comparison between wind tunnel and full-scale aerodynamic sail force measurements using enhanced wind tunnel testing techniques to model the full-scale sailing conditions more accurately. The first comparison was conducted by Hansen et al., 2003a, in the Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel (TFWT) at The University of Auckland and followed standard testing procedures. Since then enhancements have been made and two aspects not considered in the original comparison are highlighted here. The interaction of the hull and sail forces is now considered and trim changes of the sails due to wind strength are included.
For the enhanced comparison the interaction between the hull/deck and the sails is investigated by installing a secondary force balance inside the model to measure the hull/deck forces and by pressure tapping the hull/deck to determine the surface pressure distribution. It is found that the presence of the sails significantly affects the forces on hull/deck when sailing upwind, which should be accounted for consistently in comparisons of full-scale, wind tunnel, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data.
In the original comparison the sails were trimmed in the wind tunnel to the aerodynamically optimal shape by maximizing the drive force. Trim variations due to wind strength were however noted in full-scale data so that depowering is considered in the enhanced comparison. The sails in the wind tunnel were trimmed based on the fullscale wind strength and the yacht performance by employing a Real-Time Velocity Prediction Program (VPP) to achieve realistically depowered sail shapes.
Utilising the enhanced wind tunnel techniques a generally good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the full-scale data was achieved, but a conclusive judgment of the accuracy of the comparison cannot be made.
Performance Prediction without Empiricism: A RANS-Based VPP and Design Optimization Capability
Authors: Korpus Richard 
Published: May 2021

The use of Velocity Prediction Programs (VPP’s) in sailing yacht design has been standard practice for years. VPP fidelity, however, continues to be limited by the accuracy of aero and hydro force data used to represent a particular yacht. Even the most advanced America’s Cup VPP’s usually derive sail forces from panel or vortexlattice models, and hull forces from potential flow codes or experiment. Real world effects attributed to viscosity are added using simplified theoretical or empirical models that cannot resolve all the complexity of sailboat physics.
This paper describes a new approach for performance prediction and design optimization that relies solely on high-resolution Reynolds-Averaged NavierStokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics. All aero and hydro forces and moments are generated by RANS, and therefore include the real-world flow features of boundary layers, separation, shed vorticity, and turbulence. RANS software and grid model requirements suitable for VPP applications are discussed, and sample aero and hydro solutions included. Examples from America’s Cup design are used to demonstrate the technique’s practicality and accuracy. Finally, since VPP’s require forces from a large number of sailing conditions, the extensive development effort (undertaken through three America’s Cup cycles) to transition state-of-the-art RANS into the practical realm is summarized.
La réputation de l’acquéreur et la réaction des marchés financiers à l’annonce de fusions-acquisitions internationales
Authors: Chalençon Ludivine , Colovic Ana , Lamotte Olivier , Mayrhofer Ulrike 
Published: May 2021

Nous examinons l’influence de la réputation de l’acquéreur sur la réaction des investisseurs suite à l’annonce de fusions-acquisitions internationales. En nous appuyant sur la théorie du signal, nous avançons que la réputation envoie un signal positif aux investisseurs lorsque de telles opérations sont annoncées. Notre étude empirique est fondée sur 134 fusions-acquisitions internationales réalisées par des entreprises multinationales françaises. Nos résultats confirment que la réputation est positivement liée à la création de valeur à court terme des fusions-acquisitions. Toutefois, la réaction positive des investisseurs à l’annonce de fusions-acquisitions est de moindre intensité pour les entreprises les plus réputées. De plus, nous montrons que la relation entre réputation et création de valeur est négativement modérée par la stratégie de diversification sectorielle de l’acquéreur.
Protocol of Explanatory Study on Social, Economic and Political Dimensions of Nutritional Status of Children Aged Six to Sixty Months from Low Socio-Economic Strata in Kerala, India
Authors: Jayalakshmi Rajeev , Srinivasan Kannan 
Published: May 2021

Background: Despite having better human development indicators, one-fifth of under-five children in Kerala are undernourished. The demographic, socio-economic, cultural and political transition in Kerala necessitates a revisit on the causes of undernutrition among children given that it tackled many of the immediate causes of undernutrition. The present study aims at the multi-dimensional factors' influence on nutritional status of children from low socio-economic strata in Kerala.
Methods/Design: The conceptual framework for the present study adapted the ecosocial theory by Nancy Krieger. We use an explanatory study design, by adopting both quantitative and qualitative methods. The sample size for the quantitative phase is 600 children of age six to 60 months and their mothers. The qualitative phase includes in-depth interviews with key informants. The data collection tools include weighing scale and stadiometer for taking anthropometric measurements, household survey questionnaire, interview schedule for mothers, interview guide for key informants, field diary and checklist for document analysis.
Discussion: Contextual evidence that the study generates will have implications at individual, service provision and policy perspectives of undernutrition among children in Kerala. It will help improve the nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive policies and programs in Kerala, which in turn will improve the nutritional status of the children.
Tungsten‐Disulfide/Polyaniline High Frequency Supercapacitors
Authors: De Adhikari Amrita , Shauloff Nitzan , Turkulets Yury , Shalish Ilan , Jelinek Raz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides are considered promising constituents in energy storage devices due to their large surface areas, 2D sheet structures, and occurrence of efficient redox reactions at their surfaces. Supercapacitors comprising WS2‐polyaniline (PANI) composite electrodes which exhibit excellent electrochemical properties, particularly effective high frequency response, are constructed. The highly porous WS2‐PANI device facilitate rapid ion transport and surface access, aiding rapid reversible redox reactions contributing to the high frequency pseudocapacitive profile of the device. The symmetric WS2‐PANI supercapacitor displays significantly higher capacitance of 180 µF cm−2 at a frequency of 120 Hz. This study points to potential application of WS2 composites in high frequency applications such as alternating current line filtering, and may open new avenues for employing the material in energy storage applications.
A Fully Integrated Ferroelectric Thin‐Film‐Transistor – Influence of Device Scaling on Threshold Voltage Compensation in Displays
Authors: Lehninger David , Ellinger Martin , Ali Tarek , Li Songrui , Mertens Konstantin , Lederer Maximilian , Olivio Ricardo , Kämpfe Thomas , Hanisch Norbert , Biedermann Kati , Rudolph Matthias , Brackmann Varvara , Sanctis Shawn , Jank Michael P. M. , Seidel Konrad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThin‐film transistors (TFTs) based on amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) have attracted vast attention for use in organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) displays due to their high electron mobility and large current on–off ratio. Although amorphous oxide semiconductors show considerably less threshold voltage (Vth) variation than poly‐silicon, large‐area processing and degradation effects can impede the characteristic parameters of a‐IGZO TFTs, which manifests in an uneven brightness distribution across the display panel. SuchVthvariations are usually reduced by additional compensation circuits consisting of TFTs and capacitors. Herein, a new approach to compensate such variabilities is demonstrated: the integration of a programmable ferroelectric (FE) film in the gate stack of the TFT. This simplifies the complexity of the pixel cell and potentially minimizes the need for compensation circuits, which is crucial for transparent displays. To test this new approach, fully integrated FE‐TFTs (i.e., with vias contacting a structured bottom gate electrode from the top) based on a‐IGZO and FE hafnium‐zirconium oxide (HZO) are developed. A single low‐temperature post‐fabrication treatment at 350 °C for 1 h in air is used to simultaneously crystallize the HZO film in the FE phase and to reduce the number of defects in the a‐IGZO channel. The structural and electrical characterizations provide comprehensive guidance for the design of effective FE‐TFT gate stacks and device geometries. An accurate control of the polarization state and linear switching between multiple intermediate states is shown by using programming pulses of various amplitudes and widths. Furthermore, a direct correlation between the channel length and the applied pulse width for programming is observed.
Variation in frequency of plastid RNA editing within Adiantum implies rapid evolution in fern plastomes
Authors: Fauskee Blake D. , Sigel Erin M. , Pryer Kathleen M. , Grusz Amanda L. 
Published: May 2021

PremiseRecent studies of plant RNA editing have demonstrated that the number of editing sites can vary widely among large taxonomic groups (orders, families). Yet, very little is known about intrageneric variation in frequency of plant RNA editing, and no study has been conducted in ferns.MethodsWe determined plastid RNA‐editing counts for two species of Adiantum (Pteridaceae), A. shastense and A. aleuticum, by implementing a pipeline that integrated read‐mapping and SNP‐calling software to identify RNA‐editing sites. We then compared the edits found in A. aleuticum and A. shastense with previously published edits from A. capillus‐veneris by generating alignments for each plastid gene.ResultsWe found direct evidence for 505 plastid RNA‐editing sites in A. aleuticum and 509 in A. shastense, compared with 350 sites in A. capillus‐veneris. We observed striking variation in the number and location of the RNA‐editing sites among the three species, with reverse (U‐to‐C) editing sites showing a higher degree of conservation than forward (C‐to‐U) sites. Additionally, sites involving start and stop codons were highly conserved.ConclusionsVariation in the frequency of RNA editing within Adiantum implies that RNA‐editing sites can be rapidly gained or lost throughout evolution. However, varying degrees of conservation between both C‐to‐U and U‐to‐C sites and sites in start or stop codons, versus other codons, hints at the likely independent origin of both types of edits and a potential selective advantage conferred by RNA editing.
Heterotrimetallic Carbon Dioxide Copolymerization and Switchable Catalysts: Sodium is the Key to High Activity and Unusual Selectivity
Authors: Plajer Alex J. , Williams Charlotte K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA challenge in polymer synthesis using CO2 is to precisely control CO2 placement in the backbone and chain end groups. Here, a new catalyst class delivers unusual selectivity and is self‐switched between different polymerization cycles to construct specific sequences and desirable chain‐end chemistries. The best catalyst is a trinuclear dizinc(II)sodium(I) complex and it functions without additives or co‐catalysts. It shows excellent rates across different ring‐opening (co)polymerization catalytic cycles and allows precise control of CO2 incorporation within polyesters and polyethers, thereby allowing access to new polymer chemistries without requiring esoteric monomers, multi‐reactor processes or complex post‐polymerization procedures. The structures, kinetics and mechanisms of the catalysts are investigated, providing evidence for intermediate speciation and uncovering the factors governing structure and composition and thereby guiding future catalyst design.
Zinc Oxide‐Based Acetone Gas Sensors for Breath Analysis: A Review
Authors: Drmosh Qasem A. , Olanrewaju Alade Ibrahim , Qamar Mohammad , Akbar Sheikh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcetone is one of the toxic, explosive, and harmful gases. It may cause several health hazard issues such as narcosis and headache. Acetone is also regarded as a key biomarker to diagnose several diseases as well as monitor the disorders in human health. Based on clinical findings, acetone concentration in human breath is correlated with many diseases such as asthma, halitosis, lung cancer, and diabetes. Thus, its investigation can become a new approach for health monitoring. Better management at the early stages of such diseases has the potential not only to reduce deaths associated with the disease but also to reduce medical costs. ZnO−based sensors show great potential for acetone gas due to their high chemical stability, simple synthesis process, and low cost. The findings suggested that the acetone sensing performance of such sensors can be significantly improved by manipulating the microstructure (surface area, porosity, etc.), composition, and morphology of ZnO nanomaterials. This article provides a comprehensive review of the state‐of‐the‐art research activities, published during the last five years (2016 to 2020), related to acetone gas sensing using nanostructured ZnO (nanowires, nanoparticles, nanorods, thin films, etc). It focuses on different types of nanostructured ZnO‐based acetone gas sensors. Furthermore, several factors such as relative humidity, acetone concentrations, and operating temperature that affects the acetone gas sensing properties‐ sensitivity, long‐term stability, selectivity as well as response and recovery time are discussed in this review. We hope that this work will inspire the development of high‐performance acetone gas sensors using nanostructured materials.