bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of cellulose fibers functionalized with CuO/Cu2O nanoparticles in combination with polycarboxylic acids
Authors: Tomšič Brigita , Marković Darka , Janković Vukašin , Simončič Barbara , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina , Ilic-Tomic Tatjana , Radetić Maja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSustainable biodegradation of cellulose fibers is critical for composting after the end of a product’s life. In this study, we aimed at investigating the effect of in situ synthesized CuO/Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) with biocidal concentration on the biodegradation behavior of cotton fibers pretreated with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and succinic acid (SUC). Biodegradation of the fibers was evaluated by soil burial tests in garden soil and in model compost after different soil burial times. The results showed that the application of BTCA, SUC, and CuO/Cu2O NPs did not affect the hydrophilicity of the samples and allowed a smooth biodegradation process. The morphological and chemical changes during biodegradation, evaluated by FESEM and FTIR analyses, showed that the presence of CuO/Cu2O NPs slightly hindered biodegradation of the fibers after 18 days in soil. However, biodegradation was much faster in the model compost, where all samples, regardless of their chemical modification, almost completely degraded after only 11 days. Intense microbial growth on the surface of all samples after nine days of burial in garden soil and model compost was confirmed by the presence of proteins produced by the microorganisms. The total number of microorganisms in the garden soil remained almost unchanged and increased in the model compost after the burial test. The only exception was the sample with the highest concentration of CuO/Cu2O NPs, which caused a reduction in microbial growth but not complete growth inhibition. These results clearly showed that during material degradation, the cellulosic material supporting microbial growth prevailed over the suppression of microbial growth by CuO/Cu2O NPs.
Global patterns of disaster and climate risk—an analysis of the consistency of leading index-based assessments and their results
Authors: Garschagen Matthias , Doshi Deepal , Reith Jonathan , Hagenlocher Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndices assessing country-level climate and disaster risk at the global scale have experienced a steep rise in popularity both in science and international climate policy. A number of widely cited products have been developed and published over the recent years, argued to contribute critical knowledge for prioritizing action and funding. However, it remains unclear how their results compare, and how consistent their findings are on country-level risk, exposure, vulnerability and lack of coping, as well as adaptive capacity. This paper analyses and compares the design, data, and results of four of the leading global climate and disaster risk indices: The World Risk Index, the INFORM Risk Index, ND-GAIN Index, and the Climate Risk Index. Our analysis clearly shows that there is considerable degree of cross-index variation regarding countries’ risk levels and comparative ranks. At the same time, there is above-average agreement for high-risk countries. In terms of risk sub-components, there is surprisingly little agreement in the results on hazard exposure, while strong inter-index correlations can be observed when ranking countries according to their socio-economic vulnerability and lack of coping as well as adaptive capacity. Vulnerability and capacity hotspots can hence be identified more robustly than risk and exposure hotspots. Our findings speak both to the potential as well as limitations of index-based approaches. They show that a solid understanding of index-based assessment tools, and their conceptual and methodological underpinnings, is necessary to navigate them properly and interpret as well as use their results in triangulation.
Molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis via the lymphatic versus the blood vessels
Authors: Leong Stanley P. , Naxerova Kamila , Keller Laura , Pantel Klaus , Witte Marlys 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCancer metastasis is the process by which primary cancer cells invade through the lymphatic or blood vessels to distant sites. The molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells spread either through the lymphatic versus blood vessels or both are not well established. Two major developments have helped us to understand the process more clearly. First, the development of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept which is well established in melanoma and breast cancer. The SLN is the first lymph node in the draining nodal basin to receive cancer cells. Patients with a negative SLN biopsy show a significantly lower incidence of distant metastasis, suggesting that the SLN may be the major gateway for cancer metastasis in these cancer types. Second, the discovery and characterization of several biomarkers including VEGF-C, LYVE-1, Podoplanin and Prox-1 have opened new vistas in the understanding of the induction of lymphangiogenesis by cancer cells. Cancer cells must complete multiple steps to invade the lymphatic system, some of which may be enabled by the evolution of new traits during cancer progression. Thus, cancer cells may spread initially through the main gateway of the SLN, from which evolving cancer clones can invade the blood vessels to distant sites. Cancer cells may also enter the blood vessels directly, bypassing the SLN to establish distant metastases. Future studies need to pinpoint the molecules that are used by cancer cells at different stages of metastasis via different routes so that specific therapies can be targeted against these molecules, with the goal of stopping or preventing cancer metastasis.
Causes, prevention, and interventions regarding classroom disruptions in digital teaching: A systematic review
Authors: Meinokat Pierre , Wagner Ingo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDigitization and the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic are accelerating the use of digital tools in teaching. Therefore, this systematic literature review offers an overview of international studies with a particular focus on classroom disruptions and their causes, as well as on prevention and intervention strategies in digital settings. Selecting out of over 700 published articles from the last 20 years, the results show that, although the research on classroom management in general is numerous, the connection between digitization and classroom disruptions has received little attention so far. Studies of different methodological orientations have been conducted, but strongly teacher-focused. Also, there are conceptual inaccuracies leading to a variety of different findings and interpretations. Thus, this article provides a definition of the term digital teaching and critically discusses the classification of new findings, their emplacement in existing research, as well as their potential to expand existing models. Furthermore, the results summarize causes of disruptions in digital teaching, their possible prevention and intervention strategies.
The Overfishing Problem: Natural and Social Categories in Early Twentieth-Century Fisheries Science
Authors: Ferguson-Cradler Gregory 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article looks at how fisheries biologists of the early twentieth century conceptualized and measured overfishing and attempted to make it a scientific object. Considering both theorizing and physical practices, the essay shows that categories and understandings of both the fishing industry and fisheries science were deeply and, at times, inextricably interwoven. Fish were both scientific and economic objects. The various models fisheries science used to understand the world reflected amalgamations of biological, physical, economic, and political factors. As a result, scientists had great difficulty stabilizing the concept of overfishing and many influential scholars into the 1930s even doubted the coherence of the concept. In light of recent literature in history of fisheries and environmental social sciences that critiques the infiltration of political and economic imperatives into fisheries and environmental sciences more generally, this essay highlights both how early fisheries scientists understood their field of study as the entire combination of interactions between political, economic, biological and physical factors and the work that was necessary to separate them.
Analysis of IVF live birth outcomes with and without preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A): UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority data collection 2016–2018
Authors: Sanders Kathryn D. , Silvestri Giuseppe , Gordon Tony , Griffin Darren K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the live birth and other outcomes reported with and without preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) in the United Kingdom (UK) Human Embryology and Fertilization Authority (HFEA) data collection.

Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted following freedom of information (FoI) requests to the HFEA for the PGT-A and non-PGT-A cycle outcomes for 2016–2018. Statistical analysis of differences between PGT-A and non-PGT-A cycles was performed. Other than grouping by maternal age, no further confounders were controlled for; fresh and frozen transfers were included.

Results
Outcomes collected between 2016 and 2018 included total number of cycles, cycles with no embryo transfer, total number of embryos transferred, live birth rate (LBR) per embryo transferred and live birth rate per treatment cycle. Data was available for 2464 PGT-A out of a total 190,010 cycles. LBR per embryo transferred and LBR per treatment cycle (including cycles with no transfer) were significantly higher for all PGT-A vs non-PGT-A age groups (including under 35), with nearly all single embryo transfers (SET) after PGT-A (significantly more in non-PGT-A) and a reduced number of transfers per live birth particularly for cycles with maternal age over 40 years.

Conclusion
The retrospective study provides strong evidence for the benefits of PGT-A in terms of live births per embryo transferred and per cycle started but is limited in terms of matching PGT-A and non-PGT-A cohorts (e.g. in future studies, other confounders could be controlled for). This data challenges the HFEA “red traffic light” guidance that states there is “no evidence that PGT-A is effective or safe” and hence suggests the statement be revisited in the light of this and other new data.
Reliability and Validity of Behavior Observation Coding Systems in Child Maltreatment Risk Evaluation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zumbach Jelena , Oster Anna , Rademacher Annika , Koglin Ute 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPerforming child maltreatment risk assessments is a challenging task that calls for valid and reliable measures. In child protection proceedings, mental health professionals conduct maltreatment assessments that often form an important basis for judicial decision making. Because parent–child interaction is a key construct in maltreatment risk evaluations, observational assessment measures are crucial. This systematic review aims to identify observational coding systems of parent–child interaction that are applicable for psychological evaluations of the risk of child maltreatment. The goal is to examine the potential of observational coding systems to discriminate behavior of parents who have versus have not engaged in child maltreatment. A systematic literature search led to the inclusion of 13 studies published in the United States and Europe that were then analyzed in detail. Across the 13 studies, this review identified 11 unique observational coding systems. Results are summarized systematically for study characteristics and outcomes. Additionally, the main characteristics of the observational coding systems are identified and analyzed, including the age range of the child, observation tasks, measured constructs, and reliability. The discussion focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the individual observational coding systems in the context of child maltreatment risk assessments.
Interferon-α2 Auto-antibodies in Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19
Authors: Raadsen Matthijs P. , Gharbharan Arvind , Jordans Carlijn C. E. , Mykytyn Anna Z. , Lamers Mart M. , van den Doel Petra B. , Endeman Henrik , van den Akker Johannes P. C. , GeurtsvanKessel Corine H. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , Rokx Casper , Goeijenbier Marco , van Gorp Eric C. M. , Rijnders Bart J. A. , Haagmans Bart L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To study the effect of interferon-α2 auto-antibodies (IFN-α2 Abs) on clinical and virological outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients and the risk of IFN-α2 Abs transfer during convalescent plasma treatment.

Methods
Sera from healthy controls, cases of COVID-19, and other respiratory illness were tested for IFN-α2 Abs by ELISA and a pseudo virus–based neutralization assay. The effects of disease severity, sex, and age on the risk of having neutralizing IFN-α2 Abs were determined. Longitudinal analyses were performed to determine association between IFN-α2 Abs and survival and viral load and whether serum IFN-α2 Abs appeared after convalescent plasma transfusion.

Results
IFN-α2 neutralizing sera were found only in COVID-19 patients, with proportions increasing with disease severity and age. In the acute stage of COVID-19, all sera from patients with ELISA-detected IFN-α2 Abs (13/164, 7.9%) neutralized levels of IFN-α2 exceeding physiological concentrations found in human plasma and this was associated with delayed viral clearance. Convalescent plasma donors that were anti-IFN-α2 ELISA positive (3/118, 2.5%) did not neutralize the same levels of IFN-α2. Neutralizing serum IFN-α2 Abs were associated with delayed viral clearance from the respiratory tract.

Conclusions
IFN-α2 Abs were detected by ELISA and neutralization assay in COVID-19 patients, but not in ICU patients with other respiratory illnesses. The presence of neutralizing IFN-α2 Abs in critically ill COVID-19 is associated with delayed viral clearance. IFN-α2 Abs in COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors were not neutralizing in the conditions tested.
Factors Affecting User’s Behavioral Intention and Use of a Mobile-Phone-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Small-Scale UTAUT Analysis
Authors: Fitrianie Siska , Horsch Corine , Beun Robbert Jan , Griffioen-Both Fiemke , Brinkman Willem-Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA mobile app could be a powerful medium for providing individual support for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as facilitating therapy adherence. Little is known about factors that may explain the acceptance and uptake of such applications. This study, therefore, examines factors from an extended version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model to explain variation between people’s behavioral intention to use a CBT for insomnia (CBT-I) app and their use-behavior. The model includes eight aspects of behavioral intention: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, self-efficacy, trust, hedonic motivation, anxiety, and facilitating conditions, and investigates further the influence of the behavioral intention and facilitating conditions on app-usage behavior. Data were gathered from a field trial involving people (n = 89) with relatively mild insomnia using a CBT-I app. The analysis applied the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling method. The results found that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, self-efficacy, trust, and facilitating conditions all explained part of the variation in behavioral intention, but not beyond the explanation provided by hedonic motivation, which accounted for R2 = 0.61. Both behavioral intention and facilitating conditions could explain the use-behavior (R2 = 0.32). We anticipate that the findings will help researchers and developers to focus on: (1) users’ positive feelings about the app as this was an indicator of their acceptance of the mobile app and usage; and (2) the availability of resources and support as this also correlated with the technology use.
Death Be Not Proud: A Commentary on Muslim Acceptance of Death in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Khan Imran , Saad Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTechnologies used in medicine have meant that treatments can keep people biologically alive but often fail to provide meaningful recovery and quality of life. Many of those from the Islamic faith have relied on these technologies for recovery on religious grounds, even when it may be against clinical advice. This commentary seeks to challenge this notion among many Muslims and suggests there is a psycho-spiritual motivation within the Islamic tradition in not pursuing intensive care treatment that is deemed futile by clinicians. A wish to embrace death in these situations should be expressed to loved ones, and the dying person’s loved ones should be encouraged to embrace death, in order to minimise harm from disagreements between clinical staff and family.
Non-reflexivity and Revenge
Authors: Murzi Julien , Rossi Lorenzo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a revenge argument for non-reflexive theories of semantic notions – theories which restrict the rule of assumption, or (equivalently) initial sequents of the form φ ⊩ φ. Our strategy follows the general template articulated in Murzi and Rossi [21]: we proceed via the definition of a notion of paradoxicality for non-reflexive theories which in turn breeds paradoxes that standard non-reflexive theories are unable to block.
Inklusionsbezogene Anforderungen in Zusammenhang mit personalen und beruflichen Ressourcen
Authors: Peperkorn Milena , Müller Katharina , Paulus Peter 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungMit der Einführung inklusiver Schulen ändern sich berufliche Tätigkeiten von Lehrkräften. Bedingt durch heterogenere Lerngruppen arbeiten Lehrkräfte etwa öfter im multiprofessionellen Team, gestalten inklusive Lehr-Lern-Prozesse oder diagnostizieren sonderpädagogische Förderbedarfe. Um mit den damit verbundenen Anforderungen umgehen zu können, benötigen Lehrkräfte Ressourcen. Erste Forschungsarbeiten im Kontext schulischer Inklusion stellen heraus, dass insbesondere personale Ressourcen wie eine positiv ausgeprägte Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und berufliche Ressourcen wie die mitarbeiterinnen- und mitarbeiterorientierte Unterstützung der Schulleitung oder ein gemeinsames Schulethos, hilfreich beim Umgang mit inklusionsbezogenen Anforderungen sein könnten. Die vorliegende Studie, in derN = 6712 Lehrkräfte schriftlich befragt wurden, untersucht unter Berücksichtigung der theoretischen Annahmen des Job Demands-Resources Modells anhand exemplarisch ausgewählter, inklusionsbezogener Tätigkeiten das Zusammenspiel zwischen Anforderungen, Ressourcen, Beanspruchungen und Engagement. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass alle Ressourcen positiv mit der Arbeitszufriedenheit korrelieren und die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung darüber hinaus einen schwach abpuffernden Effekt auf die anforderungsbedingte Beanspruchung hat.
The dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex bi-polar error-related potential in a locked-in patient implanted with a daily use brain–computer interface
Authors: Freudenburg Zachary , Kohneshin Khaterah , Aarnoutse Erik , Vansteensel Mariska , Branco Mariana , Leinders Sacha , van den Boom Max , Pels Elmar G. M. , Ramsey Nick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile brain computer interfaces (BCIs) offer the potential of allowing those suffering from loss of muscle control to once again fully engage with their environment by bypassing the affected motor system and decoding user intentions directly from brain activity, they are prone to errors. One possible avenue for BCI performance improvement is to detect when the BCI user perceives the BCI to have made an unintended action and thus take corrective actions. Error-related potentials (ErrPs) are neural correlates of error awareness and as such can provide an indication of when a BCI system is not performing according to the user’s intentions. Here, we investigate the brain signals of an implanted BCI user suffering from locked-in syndrome (LIS) due to late-stage ALS that prevents her from being able to speak or move but not from using her BCI at home on a daily basis to communicate, for the presence of error-related signals. We first establish the presence of an ErrP originating from the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (dLPFC) in response to errors made during a discrete feedback task that mimics the click-based spelling software she uses to communicate. Then, we show that this ErrP can also be elicited by cursor movement errors in a continuous BCI cursor control task. This work represents a first step toward detecting ErrPs during the daily home use of a communications BCI.
What to do when there is nothing to do? Toward a better understanding of idle time at work
Authors: Schubert Karoline , Zeschke Martin , Zacher Hannes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIdle time at work is a phase of involuntary downtime during which employees experience that they cannot carry out their work tasks. In contrast to breaks, interruptions, procrastination, or withdrawal behavior, employees cannot work because of the absence of work-related tasks. Based on action regulation theory, we develop an integrative conceptual model on the antecedents and consequences of the subjective experience of idle time. We propose that work constraints (i.e., regulation problems) have negative effects on occupational well-being and task performance, and that these effects are mediated by subjective idle time. The strength of these effects is further assumed to be influenced by individuals’ use of proactive (i.e., prevention) and adaptive (i.e., coping) strategies. Results of a supplemental qualitative study, for which we interviewed 20 employees from different occupations, provided preliminary support for the propositions. Finally, we develop theory on how individual, situational, and organizational characteristics may influence the proposed effects on and of idle time. Overall, this conceptual development paper contributes to a better theoretical understanding of idle time at work by extending its definition and applying action regulation theory to this practically important phenomenon.