bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasensitive Dual‐Mode Humidity Detection Using a Plasmonic‐Photonic Hybrid Waveguide
Authors: Shen Yang , Wang Guanchu , Zou Qiushun , She Xiaoyi , Cai Da , Jin Chongjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReliable and ultrasensitive humidity detection is essential in industrial process controls, meteorology, and medical diagnostics. In this study, a high‐performance relative humidity (RH) sensor driven by a plasmonic‐photonic hybrid system (PPHS), which supports waveguide modes and surface plasmon polariton mode simultaneously, is proposed. Due to the distinct sensitivities of these two modes to refractive index variation and volume expansion, the dual‐mode RH detection platform offers a unique tool for isolating the individual contribution of each effect and further revealing the mechanism of moisture absorption in a crosslinked PVA film. As an RH sensor, PPHS delivers a wavelength sensitivity of 1.16 nm %RH−1 (40–70 %RH) and an intensity sensitivity of 1.1 dB %RH−1 (55–90 %RH), respectively. Benefited from such an ultrahigh sensitivity, together with excellent recyclability and a quick response time of a few seconds, the PPHS shows an almost identical real‐time RH curve with an even higher resolution (<0.1 %RH) compared to a commercial electrical hygrometer in the practical ambient RH monitoring. The PPHS is further demonstrated as a human breathing sensor and a skin‐humidity‐based noncontact switch, suggesting that the PPHS provides a great potential in medical diagnostics and optical modulation.
Augmented All‐Optical Active Terahertz Device Using Graphene‐Based Metasurface
Authors: Choi Geunchang , Chau Tuan Khanh , Hong Sung Ju , Kim Dasom , Kim Sung Hyuk , Kim Dai‐Sik , Suh Dongseok , Bahk Young‐Mi , Jeong Mun Seok 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhoto‐excited graphene has a positive (semiconductor‐like) or negative (metal‐like) response depending on the Fermi level, which is tuned by gate control, doping, and growth. Both negative and positive photoconductive responses have a potential application as an ultrafast optical modulator in the control of light transmission. However, it is challenging to achieve a high on/off ratio in the photo‐excited graphene because of a small absorption of electromagnetic waves and a limitation of photo‐induced conductivity change. Here, the negative‐type high on/off ratio and ultrafast terahertz modulation are experimentally demonstrated using graphene/metal nanoslot antennas. When the graphene covers the nanoslot antennas, the terahertz waves are completely blocked (off‐state). This perfect extinction results from the enhanced intraband absorption in graphene by strong localized fields near the nanogap. However, once the optical pump is applied to the graphene/nanoslot antennas, terahertz transmission becomes recovered resonantly (on‐state) due to the photo‐induced transparency of graphene that leads to a distinctive modulation from off‐ to on‐resonance. Furthermore, the fast carrier relaxation induced by strong terahertz field‐driven carrier redistribution is responsible for the faster modulation of transient terahertz transmission. The results will open up pathways toward negative‐response terahertz modulation applications with high on/off ratio and ultrafast time scale.
Fully Organic Bulk Polymer with Metallic Thermal Conductivity and Tunable Thermal Pathways
Authors: Zhang Yongzheng , Lei Chuxin , Wu Kai , Fu Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectrically insulating polymers are indispensable for electronic and energy applications, but their poor thermal conduction has increasingly become a bottleneck for high‐performance devices. Highly drawn low‐dimensional polymeric fibers and thin films can exhibit metallic conductivity. Extending this to bulk materials required by real world applications is prohibitive due to the additional interfacial thermal conduction barriers. It is demonstrated that highly aligned ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene microfibers can be incorporated into a silicone matrix to yield a fully organic bulk polymer composite with a continuous vertical phonon pathway. This leads to a perpendicular thermal conductivity of 38.27 W m−1 K−1, at par with metals and two orders of magnitude higher than other bulk organic polymers. Taking further advantage of the mechanical flexibility of the microfibers, the processing method offers the freedom to tailor heat transfer pathways in a macroscopic 3D space. The material/process opens up opportunities for efficient thermal management in high‐performance devices.
Interlayer Modification of Pseudocapacitive Vanadium Oxide and Zn(H2O)n2+ Migration Regulation for Ultrahigh Rate and Durable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Hangda , Huang Juanjuan , Tian Shuhao , Liu Li , Qin Tianfeng , Song Lei , Liu Yanpeng , Zhang Yanan , Wu Xiaogang , Lei Shulai , Peng Shanglong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interlayer modification and the intercalation pseudocapacitance have been combined in vanadium oxide electrode for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Intercalation pseudocapacitive hydrated vanadium oxide Mn1.4V10O24·12H2O with defective crystal structure, interlayer water, and large interlayer distance has been prepared by a spontaneous chemical synthesis method. The inserted Mn2+ forms coordination bonds with the oxygen of the host material and strengthens the interaction between the layers, preventing damage to the structure. Combined with the experimental data and DFT calculation, it is found that Mn2+ refines the structure stability, adjusts the electronic structure, and improves the conductivity of hydrated vanadium oxide. Also, Mn2+ changes the migration path of Zn2+, reduces the migration barrier, and improves the rate performance. Therefore, Mn2+‐inserted hydrated vanadium oxide electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 456 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g–1, 173 mAh g–1 at 40 A g–1, and a capacity retention of 80% over 5000 cycles at 10 A g–1. Furthermore, based on the calculated zinc ion mobility coefficient and Zn(H2O)n2+ diffusion energy barrier, the possible migration behavior of Zn(H2O)n2+ in vanadium oxide electrode has also been speculated, which will provide a new reference for understanding the migration behavior of hydrated zinc‐ion.
Enhanced Delivery of Neuroactive Drugs via Nasal Delivery with a Self‐Healing Supramolecular Gel
Authors: Wang Julie Tzu‐Wen , Rodrigo Ana C. , Patterson Anna K. , Hawkins Kirsten , Aly Mazen M. S. , Sun Jia , Al Jamal Khuloud T. , Smith David K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper reports the use of a self‐assembling hydrogel as a delivery vehicle for the Parkinson's disease drug l‐DOPA. Based on a two‐component combination of an l‐glutamine amide derivative and benzaldehyde, this gel has very soft rheological properties and self‐healing characteristics. It is demonstrated that the gel can be formulated to encapsulate l‐DOPA. These drug‐loaded gels are characterized, and rapid release of the drug is obtained from the gel network. This drug‐loaded hydrogel has appropriate rheological characteristics to be amenable for injection. This system is therefore tested as a vehicle for nasal delivery of neurologically‐active drugs—a drug delivery strategy that can potentially avoid first pass liver metabolism and bypass the blood–brain barrier, hence enhancing brain uptake. In vitro tests indicate that the gel has biocompatibility with respect to nasal epithelial cells. Furthermore, animal studies demonstrate that the nasal delivery of a gel loaded with 3H‐labeled l‐DOPA out‐performed a simple intranasal l‐DOPA solution. This is attributed to longer residence times of the gel in the nasal cavity resulting in increased blood and brain concentrations. It is demonstrated that the likely routes of brain penetration of intranasally‐delivered l‐DOPA gel involve the trigeminal and olfactory nerves connecting to other brain regions.
Liposomes with Water as a pH‐Responsive Functionality for Targeting of Acidic Tumor and Infection Sites
Authors: Wang Da‐Yuan , Yang Guang , van der Mei Henny C. , Ren Yijin , Busscher Henk J. , Shi Linqi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA lipid named DCPA was synthesized under microwave‐assisted heating. DCPA possesses a pyridine betaine, hydrophilic group that can be complexed with water through hydrogen bonding (DCPA‐H2O). DCPA‐H2O liposomes became protonated relatively fast already at pH<6.8, due to the high HOMO binding energy of DCPA‐H2O. In murine models, DCPA‐H2O liposomes had longer blood circulation times than natural DPPC or cationic DCPM liposomes, while after tail‐vein injection DCPA‐H2O liposomes targeted faster to solid tumors and intra‐abdominal infectious biofilms. Therapeutic efficacy in a murine, infected wound‐healing model of tail‐vein injected ciprofloxacin‐loaded DCPA‐H2O liposomes exceeded the ones of clinically applied ciprofloxacin as well as of ciprofloxacin‐loaded DPPC or DCPM liposomes.
Age and sex‐specific reference intervals for prooxidant‐antioxidant balance, anti‐heat‐shock protein 27 (anti‐hsp27), and routine laboratory tests in the middle‐aged adult population
Authors: Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Bohn Mary Kathryn , Yaghooti‐Khorasani Mahdiyeh , Ghaffarian‐Zirak Roshanak , Valizadeh Mohsen , Saberi‐Karimian Maryam , Safarian Hamideh , Kamel‐Khodabandeh Atieh , Zare‐Feyzabadi Reza , Timar Ameneh , Mohammadi‐Bajgiran Maryam , Oladi Mohammad Reza , Gachpazan Meysam , Rohban Mohadeseh , Esmaily Habibollah , Ferns Gordon A. , Adeli Khosrow , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to define specific reference intervals (RIs) for 11 biomarkers including inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, liver, and renal function tests in a healthy Iranian adult population for the first time.MethodsCLSI Ep28‐A3 guidelines were then used to calculate accurate age‐ and sex‐ as well as body mass index (BMI)‐specific RIs.ResultsRIs for studied biomarkers showed no significant age and sex‐specific differences, except for uric acid, which had higher concentrations in men when compared to women. Additionally, after partitioning the participants based on the BMI with a cutoff point of 25 kg/m2, only the levels of hs‐CRP were positively associated with higher BMI (RI for BMI>25: 0.51–7.85 mg/L and for BMI<25: 0.40–4.46 mg/L). RI for PAB and anti‐hsp‐27 were reported 4.69–155.36 HK and 0.01–0.70 OD in men and women aged 35–65 years old.ConclusionPartitioning by sex and BMI was only required for uric acid and hs‐CRP, respectively, while other biomarkers required no partitioning. These results can be expected to valuably contribute to improve laboratory test result interpretation in adults for improved monitoring of various diseases in the Iranian population.
Simultaneous confidence tubes for comparing several multivariate linear regression models
Authors: Peng Jianan , Liu Wei , Bretz Frank , Hayter A. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMuch of the research on multiple comparison and simultaneous inference in the past 60 years or so has been for the comparisons of several population means. Spurrier seems to have been the first to investigate multiple comparisons of several simple linear regression lines using simultaneous confidence bands. In this paper, we extend the work of Liu et al. for finite comparisons of several univariate linear regression models using simultaneous confidence bands to finite comparisons of several multivariate linear regression models using simultaneous confidence tubes. We show how simultaneous confidence tubes can be constructed to allow more informative inferences for the comparison of several multivariate linear regression models than the current approach of hypotheses testing. The methods are illustrated with examples.
I cannot do that…I'm a counsellor: Implications of professional boundaries on counsellors' public life as entertainers
Authors: Decelis Karen , Falzon Ruth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study explores perceptions regarding counsellors who are also public entertainers, an issue on which there is a dearth in literature and in codes of ethics. For this study, we reviewed three codes of ethics: the 2014 American Counselling Association's (ACA), the 2017 British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy's (BACP) and the 2011 Malta Association for the Counselling Profession's (MACP).MethodThe research question begged a qualitative approach using individual, audio‐recorded, semi‐structured interviews with twelve participants: six counsellors and six non‐counsellors. Thematic analysis was selected as the most appropriate methods for analysis.FindingsParticipants think that counsellors can be entertainers during their free time, but need strict boundaries and ethical responsibility whilst following Rogers' (1957, 1980) person‐centred skills of being non‐judgemental, empathic and congruent. Boundaries, the context of a small‐island community, public life, self‐disclosure, wellbeing and challenges were all major themes elicited. Counsellor participants (CPs) highlighted that there is no guide Maltese counsellors can follow regarding what they can and cannot do in public as public entertainers. Participants noted that in the local context, counsellors need to be careful about disclosing their opinions regarding Politics and political affiliations. Politics seemed to be of particular concern and reflects the local biparty culture often loaded with emotions and very strong opinion and allegiances. Participants also reflected that the status of an entertainer/counsellor can also help publicise the profession in the best interest of wellbeing and the profession.Implications for PracticeImplications for practice include training courses with opportunities for reflection on what counsellors can/not do in public in order to continuously address boundaries; training on social media behaviour; training on specialised ethical issues around being a counsellor/entertainer through continuing professional development sessions; specialised training for supervisors; issues to be address in contacts with clients; and updated codes of ethics/ethical framworks.ConclusionRecommendations include personal reflection and supervision, training at master's level, continued professional development, revised codes of ethics and ethical guidance by qualified supervisors. This study was a master's dissertation submission, where Karen was the supervisee and Ruth the supervisor.
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis as a complication of severe COVID‐19: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Klindt Caroline , Jensen Björn‐Erik , Brandenburger Timo , Feldt Torsten , Killer Alexander , Schimmöller Lars , Antoch Gerald , Senff Tina , Hauka Sandra , Timm Jörg , Bahners Bahne Hendrik , Seidl Maximilian , Esposito Irene , Luedde Tom , Bode Johannes G. , Keitel Verena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis case of secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC‐CIP) emphasizes the need to provide follow‐up care for patients that have recovered from COVID‐19 in order to understand the complexity of SARS‐CoV‐2 associated sequela.
Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition Reactions Catalyzed by N‐Terminal Thiourea‐Modified Helical l‐Leu Peptide with Cyclic Amino Acids
Authors: Sato Kazuki , Umeno Tomohiro , Ueda Atsushi , Kato Takuma , Doi Mitsunobu , Tanaka Masakazu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractN‐terminal thiourea‐modified l‐Leu‐based peptide {(3,5‐diCF3Ph)NHC(=S)‐(l‐Leu‐l‐Leu‐Ac5c)2‐OMe} with five‐membered ring α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids (Ac5c) catalyzed a highly enantioselective 1,4‐addition reaction between β‐nitrostyrene and dimethyl malonate. The enantioselective reaction required only 0.5 mol % chiral peptide‐catalyst in the presence of iPr2EtN (2.5 equiv.), and gave a 1,4‐adduct with 93 % ee of an 85 % yield. As Michael acceptors, various β‐nitrostyrene derivatives such as methyl, p‐fluoro, p‐bromo, and p‐methoxy substituents on the phenyl group, 2‐furyl, 2‐thiophenyl, and naphthyl β‐nitroethylenes could be applied. Furthermore, various alkyl malonates and cyclic β‐keto‐esters could be used as Michael donors. It became clear that the length of the peptide chain, a right‐handed helical structure, amide N−Hs, and the N‐terminal thiourea moiety play crucial roles in asymmetric induction.
Indium‐Catalyzed C‐F Bond Transformation through Oxymetalation/β‐Fluorine Elimination to Access Fluorinated Isocoumarins
Authors: Yata Tetsuji , Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Chiba Kouji , Yasuda Makoto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Yoshihiro Nishimoto, Makoto Yasuda and co‐workers at Osaka University and MOLSIS Inc.. The image depicts the crafting of a gladiator's shield to represent the reaction reported in this work. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202100672.
PROTOCOL: Video‐based interventions for promoting positive social behaviour in children with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Keenan Ciara , Thurston Allen , Storey Catherine , Urbanska Karolina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell review. The primary objective for this review is summarising the effectiveness of video‐based interventions (VBI) in promoting prosocial behaviours in a population of young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The research questions employed to fulfil this objective include: (1) Do VBI improve prosocial behaviours in children with ASD? (2) Which social skills and interactive behaviours are most successful? (3) Do VBI generally have successful rates of skill generalisation and response maintenance? (4) Do demographic characteristics (age, gender) of participants influence the effectiveness of VBI's?
A novel scheme for mitigation of energy hole problem in wireless sensor network for military application
Authors: Behera Trupti Mayee , Mohapatra Sushanta Kumar 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been widely considered as one of the most important technologies with unique characteristics designed for various applications. However, one of the major problems in WSNs is a limited lifetime. The creation of an energy hole near the sink has been a chief concern for researchers working to mitigate the lifetime problem. The data transmission in a multi‐hop network, as used for military purposes, follows a many‐to‐one pattern resulting in a heavier traffic load for nodes near to sink. Hence, these nodes deplete energy very soon resulting in a vacuum of energy and breakage of the network. This article aims to mitigate the energy hole problem (EHP) by implementing a corona‐based model in a clustered network. Here the cluster head selection is regularized by preferring the outer corona nodes over the inner ones. As a result, the energy balances evenly in the network with fewer loads to the nodes nearer to the sink. The distance between the sending node and the sink is evaluated to estimate the required energy for transmission. Only when a node has energy more than the required value, it is allowed to transmit, or else it turns off the radio to save energy. The proposed model is implemented in both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks and better network performance is observed.
The mechanism and function of super enhancer RNA
Authors: Xiao Shibai , Huang Qin , Ren Hao , Yang Min 
Published: May 2021

SummarySuper enhancer (SE) is a cluster of enhancers that has a stronger ability to promote transcription compared to the typical enhancer (TE). Similar to TE, which can transcribe enhancer RNA (eRNA), SE produces super enhancer RNA (seRNA). The activation of SE is cell and tissue‐specific, and the SE‐associated genes are mostly linked to the cell fate. This is demonstrated by the important role‐played by SE in the embryonic stem cell (ESC) and multiple cancer development. SeRNA regulates transcription in both cis and trans configuration, and those located in the cytoplasm mediates various cell activities. However, the functions of seRNAs are unclear, and most of them have a synergistic effect with SE and SE‐associated genes. In this mini review, we summarized the mechanisms of seRNA and functions of both SE and seRNA.
Drivers of leafcutter ant populations and their inter‐trophic relationships in Amazonian forest islands
Authors: Palmeirim Ana Filipa , Benchimol Maíra , Leal Inara R. , Peres Carlos A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnder habitat loss and fragmentation, the intensity of local ecological processes involving species interactions changes pervasively, accelerating local species extinctions, and disrupting essential ecosystem functions. We addressed this issue by examining the direct population drivers of apex predators (five felid species), armadillo mesopredators, leafcutter ants (Atta sexdens and Atta cephalotes), and the indirect effects mediated by their inter‐trophic relationships in a ~25‐yr‐old land‐bridge island system formed by a hydroelectric dam in the Central Amazon. These trophic groups and pioneer tree abundance were surveyed across 34 variable‐sized islands and three continuous forest sites. Leafcutter populations were characterized in relation to their occurrence, colony density, and proportion of inactive colonies, and for each leafcutter response, we considered the direct and/or indirect effects of forest area on each trophic group. Leafcutter occupancy was best explained by the direct model, colony density by either the direct or the indirect model, and proportion of inactive colonies by an indirect model via the effects of pioneer tree abundance. The direct forest area effects were positive for apex predators and leafcutter occupancy, but negative for armadillos and pioneer trees. Yet leafcutter colony density declined in increasingly larger forest areas. The absence or low abundance of apex predators on small islands released armadillo hyper‐abundance, which contrary to expectation from top‐down control, covaried positively with leafcutter colony density. Finally, the indirect model showed that leafcutter colonies were more active under higher pioneer tree abundances. That leafcutter density increases on smaller islands whenever present is likely attributed to the hyper‐abundance of pioneer plants and canopy gaps. Although apex predators apparently suppressed armadillos, the remaining fraction of the food web seems to be controlled by bottom‐up mechanisms most likely related the overall low foliage palatability typical of wet evergreen forests. Our findings can be used to inform the long‐term viability of forest ecosystems affected by hydropower development in lowland Amazonia.