bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire Emergency Evacuation for Large-Scale Public Buildings In 3d Gis
Authors: Li Hongga , Huang Xiaoxia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh temperature and smoke poisoning during indoor fires can be fatal, yet traditional evacuation methods fail to account for the high temperature distribution and smoke flow. In this paper, we proposed a fire emergency crowd evacuation model for large-scale public building. Our model integrates fire numerical simulations, individual behavior, and a model to search for the shortest path. Navigation meshes for each floor are connected to form complex 3D multi-meshes for complex architectural interior spaces. The fire numerical simulation provides smoke diffusion flows and the temperature field distribution. The A* algorithm, with its heuristic social force model function for individual behavior, is applied to determine the safest and shortest evacuation route, avoiding risk hazard zones across different floors.
Gray System Prediction in the Alpine–Himalayan Earthquake Zone
Authors: Chen Jiemin , Yan Zelin , Xu Linfeng , Liu Zhixin , Liu Yan , Tian Jiawei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncreasingly frequent earthquakes pose a serious threat to human lives and properties. However, the prediction of seismic activity is a major problem in seismic research. In this paper, we use the gray model to study seismic activity patterns. The Alpine–Himalayan seismic zone is selected as a study area for this work. Using seismic activity in the region, we analyze characteristics of time series related to seismic activity. Results show that the gray model for predicting seismic activity is available. The timing of the seismic activity of the Alpine–Himalayan seismic zone displays certain regularity. On the basis of computational analysis on July 20, 2015, a strong earthquake will occur in 26 years. In this paper, we use the application of a gray system that provides a new modeling approach in the field of disaster prevention to predict seismic activity, which is important in disaster prevention, disaster management, and rescue.
Research on transmission mechanism of harmonics in cable lines
Authors: Pan Ling , Feng Qian , Zhang Peng , Shen Bing , Chen Ran , Zeng Ping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The high cabled rate of urban power grid aggravates the risk of resonance and harmonic amplification. In addition, the system side of DC receiving end urban power grid contains converter station high-power harmonic sources, while the user side contains other nonlinear user harmonic sources. There are two-way conduction characteristics of harmonics in transmission lines. The problem of resonance and harmonic amplification in distribution network is aggravated by high cable ratio. Therefore, the response of the system side injected harmonic voltage at the end of the line and the potential harmonic amplification problem after the user side injected harmonic current are studied respectively. The influence of key factors (line type, length, load rate and power factor) on harmonic propagation is analyzed. The characteristic harmonic of converter station is not amplified and the most severe condition of amplification is summarized. The harmonic limit of the harmonic injection terminal is also proposed.
The investigation of current-voltage characteristics based on poly(2-methoxy,5-octoxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene-PbSe composite solar cells
Authors: Wang Chunfeng , Yan Rui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A bulk heterojunction photovoltaic device was prepared based on the blend of conjugated poly[(2-methoxy,5-octoxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MOPPV)-inorganic PbSe quantum dots. We studied the device performance of the active layer with different mass ratio, and the device performance was best when PbSe wt% was 50% in the MOPPV-PbSe composites, as well as, the short-current density(J
sc), open-circuit voltage(V

oc
), fill factor(FF) and the power conversion efficiency(η) of the device were 3.661mA/cm2, 0.326V, 23% and 0.277%, respectively. Results indicated that PbSe quantum dots in composite was helped to exciton dissociation, charge transfer, and mobility.
Balanced Global and Local Properties Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (GL-MOPSO): A microgrid scheduling optimization algorithm
Authors: Zhao Hongcheng , Zhang Zhipeng , Zhang Junjie , Liang Haidong , Zeng Fei , Zhao Jinshuai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many multi-objective optimization problems exist in electric power systems. Traditional multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) adopts the crowding distance method to find the global best position; consequently, the algorithm presents satisfactory local property but poor global property. In this paper, a fuzzy similarity matrix method, which can enhance global search capability, is introduced into MOPSO to replace the crowding distance method. However, this method sacrifices the local property of the algorithm. To harmonize the global and local search capabilities, an improved MOPSO called Balanced Global and Local Properties MOPSO (GL-MOPSO) is proposed in this paper. In each generation of the process, the selection between the crowding distance method and the fuzzy similarity matrix method is guided by monitoring the convergence and diversity of the swarm. Furthermore, the strategy for updating the local best position is improved.
Study on the influence factors of the cycle life of lead-acid battery in DC system
Authors: Wen Yun , Wang Lei , Cheng Cheng , Wang Zhou , Pei Feng , Jia Lulu , Wang Min 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The high-current accelerated cycle test was used to detect and evaluate the lead-acid battery in the DC system. The results showed that at a temperature of 50 °C, a charge and discharge of 100A, a charge cut-off voltage of 2.4V, and a discharge cut-off voltage of 1.75V were used. The charging time is t1 (t1 is the charging time in the first cycle equal to the charging time when the capacity is discharged). The capacity retention rate is 93.31%, and the charging time is t2 (t2 is the charging capacity in the first cycle is 1.03 times the discharge capacity. The capacity retention rate is 74.72%. Overcharge can reduce the capacity retention rate; the slope during the charging and discharging stages has a good relationship with the capacity retention rate. The slope can be used to represent the capacity retention rate, so the capacity retention can be predicted in advance rate. The research results can realize the detection of DC batteries and provide a basis for battery quality evaluation.
Promotion of CH4 hydrate generation by various surfactants in quiescent system for renewable energy application
Authors: Li Juan , Xia Xinliang , Liu Changming , Tang Nong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Biogas can be used as a supplement to the consumption gap of natural gas, a propellant for low-carbon and circular economy, as well as an important component in energy security. The storage and transportation of biogas by hydrate method is widely concerned at home and abroad. The main component of biogas is methane. In this paper, two kinds of surfactants, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES), were selected to study the effects of their types and concentrations on the induction time and formation rate of CH4 hydrate. The results showed that the optimum mass concentrations of AEO and AES in hydration system were 2.5% and 0.1%, respectively, and the induction time of CH4 hydrate formation was 63min and 64min, respectively. AEO is beneficial to the formation of CH4 hydrate nuclei, and its promoting mechanism is micelle theory; while AES promotion mechanism is mainly adsorption. The research results are of great significance for the development of rural clean and renewable energy, the prevention of agricultural source pollution, and the consolidation of ecological environment construction.
Development status of global seawater desalination industry and dynamically comparative analysis of its production cost
Authors: Huan Songhua , Liu Xiuli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper summarizes seawater desalination’s development status in China and abroad, then analyses its domestic development trend and attention through Baidu Index. Then compares the cost differences among RO, MED and other technologies in different scales and years and their change trend. Furthermore, the paper identifies the main impacting factors of production costs with RO and MED and evaluates their contributions to the cost through actual cases. The results show that: with the expansion of production scale and technological progress, the production cost of seawater desalination is gradually reduced, and the cost of RO and MED was reduced by 29.75% and 36.97% from 1999 to 2017, respectively. In the production cost of seawater desalination, power cost accounts for nearly 40%, and fixed asset investment accounts for about 20%. On a 100000 m3/d scale, the production costs with RO or MED in China are 26.85% and 22.50% higher than those of foreign countries, respectively. The production cost of seawater desalination is about 1.28 times of tap water and 1.20 times of reclaimed water in China. In the future, reducing the production cost of seawater desalination in China can be promoted through scientific investment and operation, technological progress and innovation, improving the cost structure, making up for the shortage of talents, and government guidance and support mutually.
Analysis on Periodic Change of Small Pan Evaporation in Xinjiang
Authors: Qin Rong , Yang Xian , Jia Muxin , Jing Lihong , Chen Yanli , Qian Wenxin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper selects ten national reference climatologic stations and two national basic stations in Xinjiang, respectively Urumqi Station, Turpan Station, Qitai Station, Usu Station, Altay Station, Ili Station, Hami Station, Khotan Station, Minfeng Station, Aksu Station, Ruoqiang Station and Yanqi Station. According to the surface observation data of the stations during 1961-2019, complete E
20 sequence for the period 1961-2019 is acquired. This paper analyzes spectral characteristics and periodic changes of annual E
20 in each station. Results show: (1) The complete daily E
20 sequence during 1961-2019 after run-in in 12 stations experiences typical changes on a yearly basis, and at present, the entire Xinjiang enters a new high evaporation period; (2) The main period of annual E
20 in the 12 stations shows 23~32a periodic oscillation, and the evaporation level in each station is the most active on that dimension; secondly, Yanqi Station, Aksu Station, Khotan Station, Minfeng Station and Hami Station have obvious and universal periodic oscillation on the longer scale of 14~22a; Altay Station, Usu Station, Qitai Station, Urumqi Station and Ruoqiang Station show obvious periodic oscillation on the scale of 10a; this study sufficiently confirms the larger periodic change trend of evaporation sequence in Xinjiang during 1961-2019.
Analysis of the Causes of a Hail Weather in the Western Tarim Basin in July 2018
Authors: Jiang Aihong , Chen Yanli , Wang Zhilong , Ren Dong , Dong Baojian , Xie Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Using the conventional data, sounding data, NCEP/NCAR 1 ° × 1 ° reanalysis data and new generation weather radar data of regional automatic weather stations, the paper analyzes the occurrence and development mechanism of a hail weather process in the western Tarim Basin on July 2, 2018. The results show that: (1) The main influence system of the hail weather was caused by the continuous splitting of short waves in the southern section of the lower Siberian trough crossing the Pamirs; the hail weather occurrence time section was mainly in the area where warm and low pressure and cold air meet, and the ground convergence was the trigger mechanism for this hail weather. (2) The easterly winds appearing in the eastern to central regions of the southern Xinjiang Basin played an air cushion role, and the emergence of ground heat and low pressure enhanced the convergence of the ground near the ground. (3) There was obvious wind speed convergence in the ground layer of the area from Kashi Prefecture to Tumxuk in Xinjiang prior to the genration of the convective cell storm, which was favorable to the occurrence of local hail weather. (4) The radar reflectivity factor strong center corresponds to the large value region of the reflectivity factor gradient, which has a good indication for the identification and early warning of the hail cloud, and the intensity of the echo top was presented as banded distribution and small range, large intensity gradient and fast moving speed. There were suspended echoes and weak echo regions on the reflectivity factor profile (RCS) map, with typical super cell characteristics.
Modification of the transglucosylation properties of α-glucosidases from Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus sojae via a single critical amino acid replacement
Authors: Kawano Atsushi , Matsumoto Yuji , Terada Atsushi , Tonozuka Takashi , Tada Sawaki , Kusumoto Ken-Ichi , Yasutake Nozomu 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We constructed enzyme variants of the α-glucosidases from Aspergillus oryzae (AoryAgdS) and Aspergillus sojae (AsojAgdL) by mutating the amino acid residue at position 450. AoryAgdS_H450R acquired the ability to produce considerable amounts of α-1,6-transglucosylation products, whereas AsojAgdL_R450H changed to produce more α-1,3- and α-1,4-transglucosylation products than α-1,6-products. The 450th amino acid residue is critical for the transglucosylation of these α-glucosidases.
Risk of missing colorectal cancer with a COVID-adapted diagnostic pathway using quantitative faecal immunochemical testing
Authors: Maeda Y , Gray E , Figueroa J D , Hall P S , Weller D , Dunlop M G , Din F V N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 has brought an unprecedented challenge to healthcare services. The authors’ COVID-adapted pathway for suspected bowel cancer combines two quantitative faecal immunochemical tests (qFITs) with a standard CT scan with oral preparation (CT mini-prep). The aim of this study was to estimate the degree of risk mitigation and residual risk of undiagnosed colorectal cancer.

Method
Decision-tree models were developed using a combination of data from the COVID-adapted pathway (April–May 2020), a local audit of qFIT for symptomatic patients performed since 2018, relevant data (prevalence of colorectal cancer and sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tools) obtained from literature and a local cancer data set, and expert opinion for any missing data. The considered diagnostic scenarios included: single qFIT; two qFITs; single qFIT and CT mini-prep; two qFITs and CT mini-prep (enriched pathway). These were compared to the standard diagnostic pathway (colonoscopy or CT virtual colonoscopy (CTVC)).

Results
The COVID-adapted pathway included 422 patients, whereas the audit of qFIT included more than 5000 patients. The risk of missing a colorectal cancer, if present, was estimated as high as 20.2 per cent with use of a single qFIT as a triage test. Using both a second qFIT and a CT mini-prep as add-on tests reduced the risk of missed cancer to 6.49 per cent. The trade-off was an increased rate of colonoscopy or CTVC, from 287 for a single qFIT to 418 for the double qFIT and CT mini-prep combination, per 1000 patients.

Conclusion
Triage using qFIT alone could lead to a high rate of missed cancers. This may be reduced using CT mini-prep as an add-on test for triage to colonoscopy or CTVC.
Social Work Practice with Ethnic Minorities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Learning from the Arab Minority in Israel
Authors: Nouman Hani 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although the critical role of social workers in the fight against the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and support for communities affected by the virus was stressed in international declarations of the social work profession, how social workers fulfil their role in practice has remained virtually unexplored. This question is of greater importance when it comes to ethnic minority communities that may be disproportionately vulnerable to COVID-19 in light of inequities, discrimination and marginality. This study examined action strategies adopted by social workers in the public service in response to the challenges faced by ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with social workers employed in the public welfare services in Israel, who work with Arab communities. Research findings revealed seven action strategies that have the potential to provide protection and support to a minority population group during the pandemic, bridge language and cultural gaps and promote policies that strive for social justice. The discussion emphasises the need and importance of social workers to act in a socio-cultural–political context-sensitive manner in pandemic conditions, whilst demonstrating flexibility in addressing the changing and unique needs of their clients. Implications for policy, practice and research are presented.
Functional Interactions between Sensory and Memory Networks for Adaptive Behavior
Authors: Karlaftis Vasilis M , Giorgio Joseph , Zamboni Elisa , Frangou Polytimi , Rideaux Reuben , Ziminski Joseph J , Kourtzi Zoe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The brain’s capacity to adapt to sensory inputs is key for processing sensory information efficiently and interacting in new environments. Following repeated exposure to the same sensory input, brain activity in sensory areas is known to decrease as inputs become familiar, a process known as adaptation. Yet, the brain-wide mechanisms that mediate adaptive processing remain largely unknown. Here, we combine multimodal brain imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI], magnetic resonance spectroscopy) with behavioral measures of orientation-specific adaptation (i.e., tilt aftereffect) to investigate the functional and neurochemical mechanisms that support adaptive processing. Our results reveal two functional brain networks: 1) a sensory-adaptation network including occipital and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regions that show decreased fMRI responses for repeated stimuli and 2) a perceptual-memory network including regions in the parietal memory network (PMN) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex that relate to perceptual bias (i.e., tilt aftereffect). We demonstrate that adaptation relates to increased occipito-parietal connectivity, while decreased connectivity between sensory-adaptation and perceptual-memory networks relates to GABAergic inhibition in the PMN. Thus, our findings provide evidence that suppressive interactions between sensory-adaptation (i.e., occipito-parietal) and perceptual-memory (i.e., PMN) networks support adaptive processing and behavior, proposing a key role of memory systems in efficient sensory processing.
Ensuring High and Equitable COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Patients With IBD
Authors: Caldera Freddy , Balzora Sophie , Hayney Mary S , Farraye Francis A , Cross Raymond K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The recent emergency use authorization of a third COVID-19 vaccine means that most patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) will soon be eligible to be vaccinated. Gastroenterology clinicians should be prepared to address patients’ concerns regarding safety and efficacy of vaccines. They should also strongly recommend that all their patients be vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, they should be prepared to educate patients about logistics that will result in successful vaccination completion. All these measures will be crucial to ensure high uptake among their patients with IBD.
Melanin Transfer and Fate within Keratinocytes in Human Skin Pigmentation
Authors: Benito-Martínez Silvia , Salavessa Laura , Raposo Graça , Marks Michael S , Delevoye Cédric 
Published: May 2021

Synopsis
Human skin and hair pigmentation play important roles in social behavior but also in photoprotection from the harmful effects of ultraviolet light. The main pigments in mammalian skin, the melanins, are synthesized within specialized organelles called melanosomes in melanocytes, which sit at the basal layer of the epidermis and the hair bulb. The melanins are then transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes, where they accumulate perinuclearly in membrane-bound organelles as a “cap” above the nucleus. The mechanism of transfer, the nature of the pigmented organelles within keratinocytes, and the mechanism governing their intracellular positioning are all debated and poorly understood, but likely play an important role in the photoprotective properties of melanin in the skin. Here, we detail our current understanding of these processes and present a guideline for future experimentation in this area.
Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Incident HIV Infection During Pregnancy Predict Preterm Birth Despite Treatment
Authors: Ravindran Jayalakshmi , Richardson Barbra A , Kinuthia John , Unger Jennifer A , Drake Alison L , Osborn Lusi , Matemo Daniel , Patterson Janna , McClelland R Scott , John-Stewart Grace 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Identifying predictors of preterm birth (PTB) in high-burden regions is important as PTB is the leading cause of global child mortality.

Methods
This analysis was nested in a longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence in Kenya. HIV-seronegative women enrolled in pregnancy had nucleic acid amplification tests (chlamydia and gonorrhea), rapid plasma reagin (syphilis), wet mount microscopy (Trichomonas and yeast), and Gram stain (bacterial vaginosis); sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment was provided. PTB predictors were determined using log-binomial regression.

Results
Among 1244 mothers of liveborn infants, median gestational age at enrollment was 26 weeks (IQR, 22–31), and at delivery was 39.1 weeks (IQR, 37.1–40.9). PTB occurred in 302 women (24.3%). Chlamydia was associated with a 1.59-fold (P = .006), gonorrhea a 1.62-fold (P = .04), and incident HIV a 2.08-fold (P = .02) increased PTB prevalence. Vaginal discharge and cervical inflammation were associated with PTB, as were age ≤21 (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.39, P = .001) and any STI (PR = 1.47, P = .001). Associations with chlamydia and incident HIV remained in multivariable models.

Conclusions
STIs and incident HIV in pregnancy predicted PTB despite treatment, suggesting the need for earlier treatment and interventions to decrease genital inflammation.
Sensitive Immunodetection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants of Concern 501Y.V2 and 501Y.V1
Authors: Barlev-Gross Moria , Weiss Shay , Paran Nir , Yahalom-Ronen Yfat , Israeli Ofir , Nemet Ital , Kliker Limor , Zuckerman Neta , Glinert Itai , Noy-Porat Tal , Alcalay Ron , Rosenfeld Ronit , Levy Haim , Mazor Ohad , Mandelboim Michal , Mendelson Ella , Beth-Din Adi , Israely Tomer , Mechaly Adva 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants may influence the effectiveness of existing laboratory diagnostics. In the current study we determined whether the British (20I/501Y.V1) and South African (20H/501Y.V2) SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are detected with an in-house S1-based antigen detection assay, analyzing spiked pools of quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction–negative nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The assay, combining 4 monoclonal antibodies, allowed sensitive detection of both the wild type and the variants of concern, despite accumulation of several mutations in the variants’ S1 region—results suggesting that this combination, targeting distinct epitopes, enables both specificity and the universality.