bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current dynamics of aeolian processes in the mountain-basin relief of Russia and Mongolia (Lake Baikal basin)
Authors: Vladimirov I N , Vyrkin V B , Kobylkin D V , Sofronov A P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the study of the modern dynamics of aeolian processes within the mountain-basin relief of the Khubsugul region of Northern Mongolia and Southwestern Transbaikalia of Russia as exemplified by three key sections of the transboundary region united by the Selenga river basin. These studies are intended to reveal the nature of the development of aeolian massifs of different morphology and location in order to assess the ecological and geographic potential of various territories of the Lake Baikal basin. The study was carried out with a wide use of geomorphological, geobotanical, comparative-geographical methods, as well as the latest methods of remote sensing using unmanned aerial vehicles with the construction of orthophotomaps of aeolian massifs and three-dimensional models of overflying territories. Three key areas-on the eastern coast of Khubsugul, the valley of the Uure-Gol river in the Eastern Khubsugul region and at the western end of the Malkhan ridge (Mankhan-Elysu stow), differing from each other in many natural parameters, are assessed geomorphologically and geobotanically and their comparative geographical analysis was carried out. The current state of the studied sand massifs is estimated by the nature of the dynamics of aeolian processes and a preliminary forecast of their development is briefly given considering the intensity of the existing pasture load and its possible activation by analyzing the structure of the vegetation cover.
Probabilistic seismic hazard map analysis for Aceh Tenggara district and microzonation for Kutacane city
Authors: Irwandi I. , Muksin Umar , Asrillah  , Simanjuntak Andrean V H , Asrurifak  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Aceh Tenggara (Southeast Aceh) District, especially Kutacane, is located along with the main GSF (Great Sumatra Fault) system and the Tripa segment in particular based on seismic hazard map of Indonesia 2017. Therefore, the seismic hazard map needs to be updated based on the recent seismotectonic information and the latest active fault investigations. This paper discusses the updated seismic hazard map for the Aceh Tenggara district. In seismic hazard calculation, input source definition including fault characteristics, subduction zone, and seismicity background. Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) is used by the Indonesian official seismic hazard map 2017 to compute the hazard curve of strong ground shaking. Probability exceeding 2% and 10% for 50 years is chosen to calculate PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) map on bedrock. On the other hand, Kutacane is located on a younger alluvium basin in the Holocene epoch thus site sediment amplification effect is taken into account in the microzonation calculations (local scale). The geomorphological slope is used to estimate the Vs30 distribution map. The site amplification is calculated based on PGA value on bedrock and Vs30 value on each site location. The Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) is applied to produce seismic hazard maps as also used since many scientists and engineers in Indonesia although for critical infrastructure Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (NDSHA) is suggested to be applied. The newly updated seismic hazard map can be used for the reference of infrastructure development in order to reduce the risk of disaster.
Developing land capability to reduce land degradation and disaster incident in Bendo Watershed, Banyuwangi
Authors: Bachri Syamsul , Sumarmi  , Irawan Listyo Yudha , Fathoni Mohammad Naufal , Fawaid Ahmad Mufti , Nuraini Sismi Gusty , Utomo Kresno Sastro Bangun , Aldianto Yulius Eka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Land degradation have caused decline in land productivity and triggering landslide incident in Bendo Watershed. This area has been selected as study area which represent characteristic upland area of the region. The research examines land capability analysis in order to reduce land degradation and disaster incidents and for sustainable use of land resources. The geomorphology approach was used along with sixteen of landform unit as unit sample. Further, artificial neural network models were used to classify land capabilities. Network architecture 10-8-1 was used on classification process due to the lowest error value factors. The findings of the study present that 20, 46% of Bendo watershed are prone to land degradation. Physical characteristic within area are contributing increasing land degradation. The capability classes of Bendo watershed ranges from class II to class VII. The upstream areas have erosion and intensive landslides as its limited factors, hence tend to have poor land capability classes. While the middle to downstream areas of Bendo watershed have better land capability classes with more diverse land use recommendations.
Development of calibrated tsunami evacuation models through real-world collected data: The case study of Coquimbo-La Serena, Chile
Authors: León Jorge , Mas Erick , Catalán Patricio A , Moya Luis , Gubler Alejandra , Koshimura Shunichi , Cienfuegos Rodrigo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Evacuation is considered the most important and effective method to save human lives in case of a tsunami. In recent years, significant efforts have been carried out to examine evacuation through computer-based models; nevertheless, challenges remain on examining the accuracy of these models in simulating real-world populations’ behavior. Along these lines, this paper uses a large call detail records (CDR) database to examine populations’ behaviors during a Mw 6.7 earthquake and tsunami evacuation in Coquimbo-La Serena, Chile, on January 19, 2019, and compare its outcomes with an agent-based model for the same case study. Results show partial correspondences between the model and the real-world data. While cell phone users’ rapid response to the emergency resembles the model’s assumption of rapid departures (alongside the rough evacuation direction), the evacuation rate of people in vulnerable areas significantly differs from the ‘total compliance’ (i.e. 100% evacuation rate) assumption of the model, which might lead to large human casualties in case of a real emergency.
A comparative analysis of empirical and analytical tsunami fragility functions for buildings in Tumaco, Colombia
Authors: Paez-Ramirez Juan , Lizarazo Juan , Medina Sergio , Rivas Miguel , Luna Patricia , Mas Erick , Koshimura Shunichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Pacific coast of Colombia has witnessed several tsunami events in the last century. However, the physical damage to structures at the time was not recorded, even when these events have brought overwhelming destruction to coastal communities. This lack of data increases uncertainties when assessing future tsunami impacts. Nonetheless, other regions of the world, which have been also affected by tsunami, have collected damage information that has been used to build empirical tsunami fragility functions. Based on a demand parameter, such as the tsunami inundation depth, a fragility function expresses the probability of building damage. Hence, regions with no recent tsunami damage cannot develop empirical fragility functions since post-disaster damage survey data is not available. One alternative for these regions is to develop analytical fragility functions out of computational nonlinear structural analysis. Reinforced concrete buildings and palafitte houses are selected to perform a comparative analysis of collapse damage assessment expressed in empirical and analytical fragility functions.
Voices from communities relocated to Tacloban North after Typhoon Yolanda
Authors: Maly E , Sakurai A , Aure F , Caintic M C I , Iuchi K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Super Typhoon Yolanda caused destruction across the Philippines and devastated communities in Tacloban City on November 8, 2013. Recovery programs in Tacloban City focused on relocating people away from heavily damaged coastal areas to new housing in resettlement sites in Tacloban North. Using an asset-based approach to consider residents’ perceptions and evaluations of their living environments and children’s schooling in these resettlement sites, and with a hypothesis that schools might function as a community asset, this research explored connections between residents’ housing sites and the roles of schools in communities five years after Yolanda. Carried out in February 2019, this research combined interviews with individual households and Focus Group Discussions with residents from four resettlement sites in Tacloban North. Preliminary findings confirmed the existence of various active connections between schools and local communities in resettlement sites, and that residents perceive schools as a community asset. As housing relocation and children’s schooling are connected and have mutual impacts within the lives of families in post-disaster resettlement, findings support the importance of post-disaster coordination of housing and education, especially in cases of relocation and displacement.
Stakeholder Behavior in Disaster Risk Reduction at the Time of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction in Aceh
Authors: Sasaki Daisuke , Iqbal Muhammad , Sofyan Hizir , Nizamuddin Nizamuddin , Affan Muzailin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, which was adopted at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in March 2015, positions understanding disaster risk as one of the four priorities for action. Also, access to disaster risk information is regarded as one of its seven global targets. Furthermore, it is widely recognized that the enhancement of disaster preparedness has great significance for achieving what is termed as “build back better.” The key research question of this study is: how does stakeholder behavior in disaster risk reduction (DRR) differ at the time of rehabilitation and reconstruction in Aceh? Since many different types of stakeholders participated in the rehabilitation and reconstruction process, there might exist some gaps in their behaviors. This study adopts text mining analysis as the methodology to examine the content of publications issued by DRR stakeholders. The authors utilize KH Coder as the analysis software and examine the three major documents, all of which have described the situation of rehabilitation and reconstruction in Aceh during the period from 2005 to 2008. As a result, we found that the Executing Agency of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for Aceh and Nias (BRR) and the ADB tended to stress similar words in their reports, whereas Oxfam International behaved in a different manner. This may stem from the nature of each organization and, thus, we considered that the existence of coordinators who are well acquainted with every aspect of reconstruction and rehabilitation is much needed.
Affecting factors on perceived usefulness of area-business continuity management: A perspective from employees in industrial areas in Thailand
Authors: Meechang K , Leelawat N , Tang J , Ino E , Kodaka A , Chintanapakdee C , Watanabe K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The 2011 Thailand Floods heavily impacted 7 industrial complexes, in which 56.7% were Japanese companies. Many notable companies received severe damage until they had to cease their production. Area Business Continuity Management (Area-BCM) implemented in Thailand stems from this disaster which causes both private and public sectors to think about their business sustainability. The Area-BCM project is an on-going implementation in Thailand aiming to enhance collaboration among stakeholders in industrial areas for coping with upcoming threats. One of the most significant factors before launching a plan is to understand individual attitudes and perceptions pertaining to the Area-BCM project for the best practice, effective and continuous outcomes. This study aims to investigate various factors that affect the perceived usefulness (PU) about implementing Area-BCM. Our proposed research model is developed aligning with the behavioral model and factors influencing flood mitigation consisting of Subjective norms, Experience, Worry about flooding, and Flood hazard knowledge. Questionnaires were distributed to employees in the industrial areas which were flooded in 2011. The developed model was tested by Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results consequently show that subjective norms and flood hazard knowledge significantly influence perceived usefulness. This can be implied that, in an organization, major thoughts of related people could shape individual perceptions about using a disaster management plan. Moreover, the governmental and local authorities should be a significant force, that helps support plan implementation and educate people about disaster knowledge.
Development of a multilingual educational platform for cross-nation real-time distant interaction in youth disaster preparedness between Indonesia and Japan
Authors: Koesoema A P , Irawan Y S , Egawa S , Ichsan  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The increasing prevalence and cross-national nature of disasters means countries have much to learn from each other in terms of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). However, cross-nation mutual learning are often hindered by distance and language barriers. Japan and Indonesia, as countries with significant similarities and differences in terms of disaster profile, socioeconomic and cultural conditions, embody both the potentials and barriers for mutual learning. To help surmount these barriers, this paper describes the project plan to develop a multilingual educational platform for cross-nation, real-time distant interaction in youth disaster preparedness between Indonesia and Japan. The platform is designed for both mobile and web-based applications, with interfaces in Indonesian, English and Japanese to facilitate language barriers. The design consists of three main elements. First, an interactive assessment module is used to measure knowledge and preparedness. Second, a series of multimedia eLearning modules allow participants to increase their knowledge and capacity in DRR. Finally, a set of gamified educational materials is developed to allow an immersive and collaborative learning experience. To facilitate mutual learning across countries, this module includes an online multiplayer serious game where participants from different countries work together in various disaster simulation scenarios, utilizing skills they learnt from the eLearning modules. The use and implementation of this platform is hoped to increase local DRR capacities and awareness, grow networks of mutual learning among youth in Indonesia and Japan, and add to creative methods for DRR education. Evaluation will also increase knowledge regarding similarities, differences, and potential synergies in DRR across local and cross national levels in Indonesia and Japan.
Student Knowledge about Disaster in Vocational School and High School: Case study in Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti , Sumunar Dyah Respati Suryo , Haryanto  , Sitompul Nopita , Setyawan Siti Luzviminda Harum Pratiwi , Sholekhah Ebni , Aswasulasikin  , Nahdi Khirjan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIndonesia is one of the disaster-prone countries. Disaster mitigation requires the role of the community. Schools have an important role in providing knowledge about disaster mitigation. The research aims to understand the level of student knowledge about the disaster. The research population were SMA / SMK in Lombok Regency, especially North Lombok, East Lombok and West Lombok. Respondents were students who were from 10 high schools; the total respondent was 779 people. To find out about student knowledge about disasters associated with six aspects, among others: 1) knowledge of disaster risk; 2) student responses to disasters; 3) disaster warning system; 4) disaster information system; 5) Local wisdom; 6) emergency planning. Data was analysed by using percentage calculations illustrated by pie charts. The results of the study concluded that based on the description of the six aspects of the disaster knowledge shows that the average level of the disaster’s knowledge has not reached more than 50% good category. The data means that schools must provide socialization that is more effective and training to students about disaster knowledge. This is very important sufficient knowledge, students and schools will play a greater role in disaster mitigation.
Tsunami evacuation decisions and behaviour: A case study of Pangandaran, Indonesia
Authors: Wargadalam R , Nakanishi H , Vidyattama Y , Black J , Suenaga Y 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The lack of an effective tsunami warning system is often blamed for the high number of deaths when tsunamis hit Indonesia. However, there are other factors affecting deaths: the scale of the incoming wave; a lack of community awareness of the problem; the lack of preparedness; or the ineffective communications prior and during the evacuation. This paper aims to explore the implicit knowledge of residents’ and to enhance the understanding of tsunami awareness and preparedness associated with tsunami evacuation behaviour in the village of Pangandaran, Indonesia. A field inspection survey and a residents’ questionnaire survey were undertaken. The results show that although there is a high awareness of tsunami hazards from past experiences, advanced evacuation planning is needed to enhance preparedness and reduce tsunami risks. Increasing trust in a tsunami warning, information dissemination, and evacuation drills are required to better manage the community’s evacuation. Uninformed shelter destination and route choice results in potential congestion on the main roads in the middle of the village and this slows evacuation thereby compromising survival rates. Appropriate shelter destinations and route choices need consideration and updating in the community. Promotion of greater resident participation in tsunami exercises is also recommended to raise awareness of the need for designated evacuation plans to be rigorously implemented.
HerStory: Facilitating participatory disaster risk assessment to the single mothers of flood-prone sub-urban poor resettlement housing in the Philippines
Authors: Romero A. , Oponda I. , Saju L. , Octobre A. , Mondano L. , Palero L. , Borres R. , Piñero E. , Perante S. , Sibal E. , Degumbis M. , Cortes J. , Javier Y. , Bernal N. , Daang L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article summarizes the major findings of the participatory risk assessment of single mothers of Phase 1k, Kasiglahan Village, Rodriguez, Rizal. Using Participatory Capacities and Vulnerabilities Assessment (PCVA), single mothers gauged their vulnerabilities, capacities and exposure to the hazards in their community. With this, HerStory responds to the challenges of previous studies on disaster risk reduction to have a participatory, inclusive, gender-sensitive and pro-poor perspective in understanding disaster risk. The study was able to provide space and venue to the single mothers to share their own experiences in their own voice.
Social lives of tsunami walls in Japan: Concrete culture, social innovation and coastal communities
Authors: Boret Sébastien Penmellen , Gerster Julia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper is the beginning of a reflection on the ways in which the Great East Japan Disaster (2011) might have changed people’s perception of seawalls and hard coastal defence in Japan. A highly developed society that is prone to frequent large tsunamis and storm surges, Japan’s spending on physical coastal defence has few equals around the world. The development of sea defence became a priority during the 1960-70s when coastal engineers and related agencies developed national standards. One of the chief strategies has been the edification of seawalls and other hard structures, which today surround more than 40% of Japan’s coastlines. This technological advancement might have created a general sentiment of security and trust in the ability of these coastal structures to protect coastal communities, their infrastructures and their nuclear plants. On March 11 2011, however, this general sense of safety was hardly shaken by a M9 earthquake and its ensuing tsunami taking away the lives of over 15,000 individuals and causing a material loss of over 210 billion dollars. If experts had anticipated such a large earthquake, the height of the tsunami waves and the extent of the damaged suffered along the coast of northeast Japan surpassed even the most pessimistic predictions. Reflecting on the impact of this tragedy, this paper is a first attempt to appreciate whether Japanese people’s perception of and approaches to seawalls and other coastal defences might have changed as a result. The first part of this paper provides a brief analytical overview of the culture of sea defence and its socio-economic significance in Japanese society. The second part examines more specifically the ways in which seawalls might have influenced people’s behaviour during the events of the Great East Japan Earthquake, including their creating a false-sense of security. Finally, the third part focuses on relatively innovative approaches to coastal defence in post-disaster Japan, with a particular focus on a national project known as the Great Forest Wall. Rather than its engineering efficacy, the interest in this project lies in the ways in which the project might inform us of changing people relationships and ideas with coastal defence.
Study on the design evolution of longeval lock since the Ming Dynasty
Authors: Yang Fujuan , Yao Shanliang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the connotation of longeval lock design since the Ming Dynasty, and shows people's the core value of longeval lock. Firstly, by comparing the difference between Ming, Qing longeval locks and modern longeval locks, the paper analyzes the evolution law of longeval lock, and learns that the form of longeval lock is from complex to visual, material from single advance to diversification, process from natural advance to industrialization, and meaning is also from single advance to diversified evolution conclusion, from which it embodies the core value of longeval lock.
Development and Application of the Sample Support in Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Pan Hengyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cryogenic electron microscopy is becoming an increasingly popular technology that allows us to observe the molecules in high-resolution details. With this refined way to study the structures in scientific researches, the observation of the molecules will be expected to make improvements. The conventional methods, such as the X-ray crystallography and the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, provide the basic observation of ground-state molecules and the measurement of various small molecules. But both of them contain flaws discovered in the continuing development process. Therefore, the application of cryo-EM becomes a broader area to explore. In this review, we will give an overall understanding of the cryogenic electron microscopy. We will discuss the intention behind the invention of the cryo-EM and introduce the main workflow of the experiments. In addition, we will discuss the methods to prepare the sample in a well-condition and compare them among different groups of experiments. More importantly, we will discuss the application of the graphene in cryo-EM and evaluate possible improvements in future development.