bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community health worker interventions for older adults with complex health needs: A systematic review
Authors: Kennedy Meaghan A. , Hatchell Kayla E. , DiMilia Peter R. , Kelly Stephanie M. , Blunt Heather B. , Bagley Pamela J. , LaMantia Michael A. , Reynolds Charles F. , Crow Rebecca S. , Maden Tara N. , Kelly S. Logan , Kihwele Jacqueline M. , Batsis John A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe number of older adults with complex health needs is growing, and this population experiences disproportionate morbidity and mortality. Interventions led by community health workers (CHWs) can improve clinical outcomes in the general adult population with multimorbidity, but few studies have investigated CHW‐delivered interventions in older adults.DesignWe systematically reviewed the impact of CHW interventions on health outcomes among older adults with complex health needs. We searched for English‐language articles from database inception through April 2020 using seven databases. PROSPERO protocol registration CRD42019118761.SettingAny U.S. or international setting, including clinical and community‐based settings.ParticipantsAdults aged 60 years or older with complex health needs, defined in this review as multimorbidity, frailty, disability, or high‐utilization.InterventionsInterventions led by a CHW or similar role consistent with the American Public Health Association's definition of CHWs.MeasurementsPre‐defined health outcomes (chronic disease measures, general health measures, treatment adherence, quality of life, or functional measures) as well as qualitative findings.ResultsOf 5671 unique records, nine studies met eligibility criteria, including four randomized controlled trials, three quasi‐experimental studies, and two qualitative studies. Target population and intervention characteristics were variable, and studies were generally of low‐to‐moderate methodological quality. Outcomes included mood, functional status and disability, social support, well‐being and quality of life, medication knowledge, and certain health conditions (e.g., falls, cognition). Results were mixed with several studies demonstrating significant effects on mood and function, including one high‐quality RCT, while others noted no significant intervention effects on outcomes.ConclusionCHW‐led interventions may have benefit for older adults with complex health needs, but additional high‐quality studies are needed to definitively determine the effectiveness of CHW interventions in this population. Integration of CHWs into geriatric clinical settings may be a strategy to deliver evidence‐based interventions and improve clinical outcomes in complex older adults.
Evaluation of the serum magnesium and vitamin D levels and the risk of anxiety in primary hyperhidrosis
Authors: Manav Vildan , Türk Cemre Büşra , Kara Polat Asude , Erdil Duygu , Baş Soysal , Koku Aksu Ayşe Esra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundExcessive sweating is considered primary hyperhidrosis if it is triggered by emotional states without any thermogenic or other underlying disease from the eccrine glands. This may be due to dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system.AimsTo investigate the relationship between Vitamin D and Mg deficiency and the risk of anxiety and depression in patients with primary hyperhidrosis.Patients/MethodsThis cross‐sectional, case‐control study was conducted between July and October 2019. 49 primary hyperhidrosis patients in Group I and 47 age and gender matched healthy individuals in Group II were included in the study.ResultsThe mean 25 (OH) D and Mg levels in Group I were statistically significantly lower than in Group II (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of anxiety and depression (p < 0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively). There was no significant relationship between the HADS‐A / HADS‐D scores and the severity of primary hyperhidrosis (r = −0.131, p = 0.096; correlation coefficient = 0.232, p = 0.447). However, a significant correlation was observed between HADS‐A scores and serum Mg levels (r = −0.439, p = 0.007).ConclusionAnxiety and depression are common in patients with primary hyperhidrosis. As shown in this study, both anxiety and depression can be seen with low Mg levels in patients with primary hyperhidrosis. This could possibly be related to the pathological mechanism involving Vitamin D and Mg, which determines the common pathway affecting primary hyperhidrosis and anxiety/depression.
Prior administration of chocolate improves the palatability of bitter drugs: The Choc‐with‐Med study
Authors: Truong Shannon , Tang Edith Kai Yan , Khan R. Nazim , Nguyen Minh Ngoc , von Ungern Sternberg Britta S. , Yeo Allen Wan Yan , Lim Lee Yong 
Published: March 2021

AimThe paediatric population has a low adherence and acceptance rate of unpalatable medicines. This study aimed to determine whether eating chocolate immediately prior to drug administration would help to mask the bitter taste of a drug. The difference in taste masking efficacy between white, milk and dark chocolate was a secondary measure outcome.MethodsA controlled repeated measures crossover taste trial was conducted using a taste panel of 29 young healthy adults who met the criteria to differentiate intensity in bitterness taste. Participants separately tasted solutions of quinine, flucloxacillin and clindamycin using the swill and spit method, singularly and following blinded prior administration of white, milk or dark chocolate. Drug solutions administered without prior chocolate served as controls. Bitterness score for each tasting was recorded using a 5‐point scale.ResultsRegardless of chocolate type, mean taste scores with prior chocolate for quinine (range 2.00–2.34), clindamycin (3.72–3.83) and flucloxacillin (3.38–3.45) were all lower than mean scores for respective drugs without chocolate (3.24, 4.75 and 4.28, respectively; P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Dark chocolate was most efficacious for masking the bitter taste of quinine, but the differences in taste masking efficacy between dark, milk and white chocolates were not statistically significant for flucloxacillin and clindamycin.ConclusionsPrior administration of chocolate results in lower perceived bitterness compared to control tastings of quinine, flucloxacillin and clindamycin solutions; however, there is no clear difference in this effect between the dark, milk and white chocolates used in this study.
Assessment of bacterial and fungal populations in urine from clinically healthy dogs using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Melgarejo Tonatiuh , Oakley Brian B. , Krumbeck Janina A. , Tang Shuiquan , Krantz Adam , Linde Annika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundUrine from clinically healthy dogs is not sterile. Characterizing microbial diversity and abundance within this population of dogs is important to define normal reference ranges for healthy urine.ObjectivesTo establish composition and relative representation of bacterial and fungal microbiomes in urine of clinically healthy dogs.AnimalsFifty clinically healthy dogs.MethodsAnalytic study. Urine sampling via cystocentesis. Comprehensive evaluation of urine including standard urinalysis, culture and sensitivity, next‐generation sequencing (NGS), and bioinformatics to define bacterial and fungal microbiome.ResultsCulture did not yield positive results in any samples. Next‐generation sequencing of urine established low presence of bacteria, fungi, or both in all samples. Diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities varied between urine samples from different dogs. Struvite crystals were associated with bacterial community structure (P= .07) and there was a positive correlation between struvite crystals and pH.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe microbiome in urine of clinically healthy dogs has diverse bacterial and fungal species These findings highlight limitations of conventional culture testing and the need for culture‐independent molecular diagnostics to detect microorganisms in urine.
Bathymetric distribution of brachyuran crabs: Alpha and beta diversity variation in an upwelling area
Authors: Sousa Aline Nonato , Bernardes Veronica Pereira , Bernardo Camila Hipolito , Silva Thiago Elias , Sancinetti Gustavo Sérgio , Costa Rogério Caetano , Fransozo Adilson 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiodiversity studies might help to understand the ecological dynamics of regions under the influence of upwelling and serve as a baseline to conservation and management strategies. Here, we evaluated the alpha (species richness and Shannon‐Wienner index – H’) and beta (Bray Curtis index) diversities of a Brachyura assemblage within a depth gradient (5, 10, 15, 25, 35, and 45 m) in the Macaé region, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 1,221 decapod individuals were sampled, comprising 11 species .The highest diversity index was recorded at 5 m in depth and the lowest at 25 m. The ecological indexes (diversity and evenness indexes) were inversely proportional to the organic matter and phi (sediment texture). This finding suggests that the heterogeneous sediment of shallow areas increases habitat complexity, therefore increasing biodiversity. Since the study area is an upwelling zone, the coastal area is more affected by cold‐water masses, leading to a distinct biodiversity distribution when compared with regions that are not under the influence of upwelling. Considering these peculiarities, the importance of coastal areas to the biodiversity of regions affected by upwelling becomes evident. Such areas must have differential importance when conducting environmental conservation and management projects.
Fussy eating in toddlers: A content analysis of parents' online support seeking
Authors: Fraser Kylie , Markides Brittany Reese , Barrett Norma , Laws Rachel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development of healthy eating habits in childhood is essential to reducing later risk of obesity. However, many parents manage fussy eating in toddlerhood with ineffective feeding practices that limit children's dietary variety and reinforce obesogenic eating behaviours. Understanding parents' feeding concerns and support needs may assist in the development of feeding interventions designed to support parents' uptake of responsive feeding practices. A total of 130 original posts by parents of toddlers (12–36 months) were extracted from the online website Reddit's ‘r/Toddlers’ community discussion forum over a 12‐month period. Qualitative content analysis was used to categorise the fussy eating topics that parents were most concerned about and the types of support they were seeking from online peers. The most frequently raised fussy eating concerns were refusal to eat foods offered, inadequate intake (quantity and quality), problematic mealtime behaviours and changes in eating patterns. Parents were primarily seeking practical support (69.2%) to manage emergent fussy eating behaviours. This consisted of requests for practical feeding advice and strategies or meal ideas. Nearly half of parents sought emotional support (47.7%) to normalise their child's eating behaviour and seek reassurance from people with lived experience. Informational support about feeding was sought to a lesser extent (16.2%). Fussy eating poses a barrier to children's dietary variety and establishing healthy eating habits. These results suggest parents require greater knowledge and skills on ‘how to feed’ children and support to manage feeding expectations. Health professionals and child feeding interventions should focus on providing parents with practical feeding strategies to manage fussy eating. Supporting parents to adopt and maintain responsive feeding practices is vital to developing healthy eating habits during toddlerhood that will continue throughout adulthood.
Pollinators mediate floral microbial diversity and microbial network under agrochemical disturbance
Authors: Wei Na , Russell Avery L. , Jarrett Abigail R. , Ashman Tia‐Lynn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow pollinators mediate microbiome assembly in the anthosphere is a major unresolved question of theoretical and applied importance in the face of anthropogenic disturbance. We addressed this question by linking visitation of diverse pollinator functional groups (bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, beetles, true bugs and other taxa) to the key properties of the floral microbiome (microbial α‐ and β‐diversity and microbial network) under agrochemical disturbance, using a field experiment of bactericide and fungicide treatments on cultivated strawberries that differ in flower abundance. Structural equation modelling was used to link agrochemical disturbance and flower abundance to pollinator visitation to floral microbiome properties. Our results revealed that (i) pollinator visitation influenced the α‐ and β‐diversity and network centrality of the floral microbiome, with different pollinator functional groups affecting different microbiome properties; (ii) flower abundance influenced the floral microbiome both directly by governing the source pool of microbes and indirectly by enhancing pollinator visitation; and (iii) agrochemical disturbance affected the floral microbiome primarily directly by fungicide, and less so indirectly via pollinator visitation. These findings improve the mechanistic understanding of floral microbiome assembly, and may be generalizable to many other plants that are visited by diverse insect pollinators in natural and managed ecosystems.
Brachial plexus neuropathy induced by methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sugimoto Takamichi , Ishikawa Ruoyi , Abe Takafumi , Ohno Narumi , Tazuma Taku , Giga Mayumi , Naito Hiroyuki , Kono Tomoyuki , Oiwa Hiroshi , Shiote Yasuhiro , Ichimura Koichi , Nomura Eiichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present a case of 74‐year‐old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis with left upper limb movement disorder who was diagnosed with brachial plexus neuropathy induced by methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX‐LPD). Nerve hypertrophy and contrast effects were observed at the left brachial plexus and the more distal peripheral nerves on MRI. An attenuated image at the left axillary lymph node was observed on FDG‐PET. A biopsy sample from the same node revealed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. The symptoms improved in 1 month due to cessation of methotrexate. In patients taking methotrexate with neurological abnormalities, MTX‐LPD should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Simultaneous tree stem and soil greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) flux measurements: a novel design for continuous monitoring towards improving flux estimates and temporal resolution
Authors: Bréchet Laëtitia M. , Daniel Warren , Stahl Clément , Burban Benoît , Goret Jean‐Yves , Salomόn Roberto L. , Janssens Ivan A. 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Tree stems and soils can act as sources and sinks for the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Since both uptake and emission capacities can be large, especially in tropical rainforests, accurate assessments of the magnitudes and temporal variations of stem and soil GHG fluxes are required.

We designed a new flexible stem chamber system for continuously measuring GHG fluxes in a French Guianese rainforest. Here, we describe this new system, which is connected to an automated soil GHG flux system, and discuss measurement uncertainty and potential error sources.

In line with findings for soil GHG flux estimates, we demonstrated that lengthening the stem chamber closure time was required for accurate estimates of tree stem CH4 and N2O flux but not tree stem CO2 flux. The instrumented stem was a net source of CO2 and CH4 and a weak sink of N2O.

Our experimental setup operated successfully in situ and provided continuous tree and soil GHG measurements at a high temporal resolution over an 11‐month period. This automated system is a major step forward in the measurement of GHG fluxes in stems and the atmosphere concurrently with soil GHG fluxes in tropical forest ecosystems.
Neutral sphingomyelinase‐2 and cardiometabolic diseases
Authors: Sindhu Sardar , Leung Yat Hei , Arefanian Hossein , Madiraju S. R. Murthy , Al‐Mulla Fahd , Ahmad Rasheed , Prentki Marc 
Published: March 2021

SummarySphingolipids, in particular ceramides, play vital role in pathophysiological processes linked to metabolic syndrome, with implications in the development of insulin resistance, pancreatic ß‐cell dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, inflammation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and cancer. Ceramides are produced by the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, catalyzed by different sphingomyelinases, including neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), whose dysregulation appears to underlie many of the inflammation‐related pathologies. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the biochemistry of nSMase2 and ceramide production and its regulation by inflammatory cytokines, with particular reference to cardiometabolic diseases. nSMase2 contribution to pathogenic processes appears to involve cyclical feed‐forward interaction with proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF‐α and IL‐1ß, which activate nSMase2 and the production of ceramides, that in turn triggers the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines. We elaborate these pathogenic interactions at the molecular level and discuss the potential therapeutic benefits of inhibiting nSMase2 against inflammation‐driven cardiometabolic diseases.
Insulin Dependence Increases the Risk of Complications and Death in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐(Regression) Analysis
Authors: Wu Li‐min , Si Hai‐bo , Li Ming‐yang , Wu Yuan‐gang , Zeng Yi , Shen Bin 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the proportion of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients among diabetic patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and whether insulin dependence is associated with postoperative complications.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in EMBASE, PubMed, Ovid, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the inception dates to 10 September 2019. Observational studies reporting adverse events with IDDM following TJA were included. Primary outcomes were cardiovascular complications, pulmonary complications, kidney complications, wound complications, infection, and other complications within 30 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of IDDM patients among diabetic patients undergoing TJA and its time trend.ResultsA total of 19 studies involving 85,689 participants were included. Among patients undergoing TJA, 26% of diabetic patients had IDDM. Compared with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes (NIDDM), the incidences of cardiac arrest (risk ratio [RR], 2.346; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.553 to 3.546), renal failure (relative risk [RR], 2.758; 95% CI, 1.830 to 4.156), deep incisional surgical site infection (RR, 1.968; 95% CI, 1.107 to 3.533), wound dehiscence (RR, 2.209; 95% CI, 1.830 to 4.156), and death (RR, 2.292; 95% CI, 1.568 to 3.349) were all significantly increased in IDDM. A significant time trend was witnessed for the prevalence of IDDM (P = 0.014). There was no statistical significance for organ/space surgical site infection, thrombotic events (deep venous thrombosis/ pulmonary embolism), and revision rates.ConclusionInsulin‐dependent diabetes is an independent high‐risk factor for increased adverse outcomes relative to NIDDM, suggesting that hierarchical and optimal blood glucose management may contribute to reducing the adverse complications after surgery for these patients. In addition, because the risk of sepsis, deep wound infection, organ/space surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, renal insufficiency, and renal failure significantly increase after TJA in IDDM patients, more active postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis may be needed on the premise of protecting renal function.
Congenital malalignment of the great toenail: Conservative and definitive treatment
Authors: Domínguez‐Cherit Judith , Lima‐Galindo Anabell Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCongenital malalignment of the great toenail, or ungual malalignment, is a rarely recognized disorder. It is characterized by lateral deviation of the longitudinal axis of the nail plate with respect to the distal phalanx, and if untreated, complications in the late teens and adulthood may arise. In this study, we have reviewed conservative and definitive treatments for this disorder.
Children’s decision making in cancer therapy: A long‐term observational study
Authors: Michinobu Ryoko , Yamamoto Masaki , Hori Tsukasa , Mikami Takahiro , Igarashi Keita , Iesato Kotoe , Takebayashi Akira , Tsugawa Takeshi , Kawasaki Yukihiko , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe survival rate of children with cancer has increased substantially in recent years. Shared decision making (i.e., the ability of children with cancer to express their will and share it with medical personnel) has become a particularly important issue. The nature and developmental processes of children’s decision making in hospital should be understood. There is, however, a lack of research in this area.MethodsFrom January 2016 to March 2018, we conducted a longitudinal qualitative observational study, within the context of medical anthropology, in a hospital pediatric ward in Japan. We investigated the nature and development of decision making among seven children aged 5–12 years with hematologic cancers. We recorded their everyday behaviors, interactions, narratives, and events in the ward. The recording was conducted systematically and it was analyzed thematically using both variable‐oriented and process‐oriented modes to assess causal relationships between phenomena.ResultsThe thematic analysis identified three thematic scenes in which children developed their will regarding cancer treatment: (1) adjusting to hospital life; (2) forming friendships with other children; and (3) communicating with medical personnel. Sharing information, building trusting relationships, and sharing treatment goals with medical personnel were identified as forms of children’s participation in medical decision making. Through cultivated friendships, children’s peer groups were sources of resilience and strength in overcoming difficulties in hospital life.ConclusionsThe development of children’s decision making in a pediatric oncology ward was based on various rich human relationships. Such relationships should be promoted to improve shared decision making substantially.
Standard photopatch test battery? Proposal based on current epidemiology and experience in our Skin Allergy Unit
Authors: García Castro Rubén , Velasco Tirado Virginia , Alonso Sardón Montserrat , González de Arriba Marta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) is confirmed by photopatch testing (PPT). In Spain, the latest recommendation on which allergens to test in PPT dates from 1995.MethodsIn the last 4 years, we studied 455 patients with epicutaneous tests and performed PPT on 33 of those patients (7.3%).ResultsThe most prevalent allergens in PPT were as follows: non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (46%), fragrances (21%), and solar filters (18%).DiscussionIn our country, the most common photoallergens continue to be NSAIDs (ketoprofen). The increasingly common use of sunscreens has led to a growing involvement of solar filters in PACD, which can be also contained in other cosmetics. In our experience, PACD due to fragrances is nonetheless at least similar in frequency.ConclusionsThe PPT battery must adapt to the prescription, use, and exposure habits of each country. We propose a diagnostic model to guide which allergens to test in PPT, which in our experience should also include fragrances.