bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review on Hydrogen Storage Performance of MgH2: Development and Trends
Authors: Hou Quanhui , Yang Xinglin , Zhang Jiaqi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHydrogen storage technology is related to the process of hydrogen energy market. Efficient and safe hydrogen storage materials have always been the goal pursued by people. In the past few years, oceans of materials for hydrogen storage have been researched, MgH2 is considered to be one of the most potential hydrogen storage materials due to its high hydrogen storage capacity, good reversibility and price advantage. However, its development has been limited by its good thermodynamic stability and slow dehydrogenation kinetics. In this paper, the improvement of hydrogen storage performance of MgH2 is summarized from catalyst doping, MgH2 nanosizing, alloying and the construction of composite system. In particular, catalyst doping and MgH2 nanosizing will be more effective modification strategies. With the development of nanotechnology, monatomic catalyst will also become a research hotspot. In view of the changes in thermodynamic properties caused by the nanofabrication of MgH2, the loadless freestanding nano MgH2 will undoubtedly receive more attention.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Some Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine Derivatives and Their Regioselective N‐Alkylation
Authors: Doganc Fatima , Alp Mehmet , Karabay Arzu , Koç Aslı , Eren Gokcen , Göker Hakan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSome imidazopyridine‐carboxamides and carboximidamides were synthesized and their cytotoxic activities were tested against human leukemia cell lines (K562 and HL‐60), human colon cancer cell line (HCT‐116), human multiple myeloma cell lines (U266 and H929) and normal mouse fibroblast cell line (L929) by MTT (Tetrazolium salt colorimetric assay). Among them, imidazopyridine‐2‐phenylcarboxamide analogues 21 a–23, gave the lowest IC50 value with the range of 5.9–9.8 μM. Since the imidazopyridine ring exist in three tautomeric forms, N‐alkylation with benzyl bromide under basic conditions (K2CO3, in DMF) formed the mixture of three regioisomers. Their structural assignments (16 a, 20 a, 16 b, 20 b–22 b and 16 c) were made with the use of two‐dimensional 1H−1H NOE (Nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy, NOESY) and 1H/13C‐15N HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation) experiments. We observed that, N‐benzylation occurs at a higher ratio on the pyridine moiety as N4‐regiosomer. In order to analyze the possible interactions of compounds 21 a–23, which were found to display good cytotoxic effect against the cancer cell lines tested were selected to dock into Aurora A kinase (AURKA) active site. The results reported that the compounds occupied the ATP pocket via forming interactions with Lys141, Lys162, Thr217, and Tyr 219 indicating the binding affinity to the AURKA.
Super‐Small TiO2 Nanoparticles Homogeneously Embedded in Mesoporous Carbon Matrix Based on Dental Methacrylates and KOH Activation
Authors: Ban Jianzhen , Wang Xiaoyan , Yin Shanshan , Cheng Ya‐Jun , Ji Lianmin , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Gao Jie , Xia Yonggao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMesoporous TiO2/C nanohybrids with large specific surface area and well‐defined pore size distribution are prepared by KOH activation treatment using dental resin monomers as solvent and carbon source. Super‐small sized TiO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in porous carbon to realize a significant improvement of the electrochemical properties. The morphology, BET specific surface area and pore size distribution are characterized by SEM, TEM and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm, respectively. The prepared mesoporous TiO2/C delivers a reversible capacity as high as 387 mAh/g after 100 discharge/charge cycles at 0.2 C current density (1 C=335 mA/g) in conjunction with a good rate capability (184, 70, and 92 mAh/g at 1, 2, and 5 C current densities, respectively).
Designing CoFe2O4/Cellulose@L‐aspargine‐Co Nanocomposite: An Ultra‐Efficient Recyclable Catalyst in the Quick Reduction of Nitro Compounds under Eco‐Friendly Conditions
Authors: Sorkhabi Serve , Ghadermazi Mohammad , Mozafari Roya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, novel magnetic nanoparticles CoFe2O4/MCC (microcrystalline cellulose) @L‐aspargine‐Co have been synthesized via simple procedure and have been fully characterized using several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray atomic mapping, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform spectroscopy infrared (FT‐IR) and coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). The catalytic efficiency of this nanocatalyst has been examined in the eco‐friendly reduction of different substituted nitro compounds to corresponding amines with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The reactions were conducted in water at room temperature with high turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF). The nontoxic nature, green reaction conditions, short reaction times, simple work‐up method and elimination of by‐products are some advantages of this approach. This organometallic catalyst was successfully recycled for eight times without losing the catalytic efficiency.
Meso‐macroporous Carbons Decorated with Ample Nitrogen Sites as Bifunctional Catalysts in CO2 Catalytic Conversion and Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Jing , Shan Xinggang , Wang Gangqiang , Kong Weiping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectrocatalysts are vulnerable for poisoning during the process of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), even the air containing traces of acidic CO2 gas, leading to low activity and durability in fuel cells. Herein, an anti‐CO2 poisoning metal‐free carbon ORR catalysts were derived from fructose and g‐C3N4, along with NaCl as both pore‐forming template and structure protective agent, conducting to a three‐dimensional meso‐macroporous carbon (3D‐NHPC‐x) architecture with large BET surface areas (479∼753 m2/g), ultrahigh nitrogen doping level (14.7 wt %∼16.5 wt %) and high ratios of pyridinic and pyrrolic characteristics. The samples were designated as 3D‐NHPC‐x, and the absorbed CO2 electrocatalyst shows a half‐wave potential of 0.76 V (vs. RHE) in alkaline electrolyte with robust long‐term stability and methanol tolerance, which may provide a facile route of producing high‐performance and anti‐CO2 poisoning ORR catalyst. The 3D‐NHPC‐x can also be employed as efficient catalysts in CO2 capture and catalytic conversion to cyclic carbonate, superior to various materials used in the field. This work develops green and sustainable route for preparation of efficient and anti‐CO2 poisoning hierarchical porous carbon based ORR catalysts.
Immobilization of a copper complex based on the tripodal ligand (2‐aminoethyl)bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (uns‐penp)
Authors: Brückmann Tim , Becker Jonathan , Turke Kevin , Smarsly Bernd , Weiß Morten , Marschall Roland , Schindler Siegfried 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new derivative of the ligand (2‐aminoethyl)bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (uns‐penp), capable for covalent immobilization on silica, was synthesized. Silica powder for column chromatography and mesoporous monoliths served as surface material. Functionalized silica was sufficiently characterized with reflectance UV/Vis and FTIR techniques. Copper(I) was successfully complexed with the immobilized ligand and exhibits reversible reactivity towards dioxygen at low temperatures. Suspending the oxygen species with toluene at low temperatures led to selective oxygenation to benzaldehyde, determined by GC‐MS. Copper(I) complexes with the ligands Me‐PTS‐uns‐penp and Me‐Prop‐uns‐penp were prepared and characterized to model the reaction behavior towards dioxygen in solution. Additionally, solid copper peroxido complexes with these ligands were obtained by precipitation with the sterically demanding anion tetraphenylborate. Furthermore, these complexes could be obtained in a reversible reaction by treating corresponding copper(I) complexes with dioxygen. With all oxygenated copper complexes catalytic oxidation of toluene was observed.
Crystal Structure and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of Trimethoxy(1‐naphthyl)silane – Intermolecular Interactions in a One‐Component Single‐Crystalline Trimethoxysilane
Authors: Bauer Jonathan O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWeak intermolecular interactions play a major role in structure formation of molecular crystals. Trimethoxy(1‐naphthyl)silane (1), the first one‐component single‐crystalline trimethoxysilane, was analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Weak intermolecular interactions were studied by Hirshfeld surface analysis along with 2D fingerprint plots. Both C(methyl)−H⋅⋅⋅C and C(naphthyl)−H⋅⋅⋅C interactions were found. A C(naphthyl)−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond between a silicon‐bound methoxy oxygen and an aromatic hydrogen atom was identified to be a crucial structure‐forming interaction within the crystal packing. Therefore, the tendency of molecular aryl‐substituted methoxysilanes to crystallize seems to be mainly dependent on the balance between accessible C−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds and C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions.
Naked Methodology: Baring It All for a Realistic Account of Marine Social Science
Authors: Ounanian Kristen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter portrays what is often overlooked in research—that it involves not simply design, data collection, and analysis, but also failure and redesign. To demystify the process, it presents the evolution of a study of six coastal communities from a mixed methods qualitative and quantitative approach to a qualitative macroethnography. Intending to employ an innovative method, the Factorial Survey Approach, the researcher confronted serious challenges in the process, engendering reflections on (a) the limitations of the method, specifically in fishing communities, (b) the pressure to prove methodological bilingualism as an interdisciplinary graduate student, and (c) individual ontological growth. The chapter considers the collective tendency in (social) science to conceal the imperfections of field research, obscuring insights gained from situations when things do not go according to plan.
Radical Interdependence: Buddhist Philosophical Foundations for Social Theory
Authors: Long William J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis Chapter asserts that a Buddhist perspective provides a systematic and genuine alternative to Western models of IR not so much because it arose in Asia, but because it is founded on distinctive first-order philosophical principles or substructures that differ from those that dominate in the West. The chapter explains this fundamentally different worldview through the concept of “radical interdependence”—the basic Buddhist “truth” about the nature of our existence that departs from most Western understandings of reality and interdependence. Buddhism offers a different starting point for thinking about the world we live in, one it characterizes as deeply interdependent. Moreover, Buddhism maintains that the failure to appreciate the full extent of interdependence limits our human potential and is the ultimate source of all conflicts, up to and including interstate war, whereas an understanding the truth of radical interdependence is the key to imagining a different vision for politics and IR.
Basics of Dental Implantology for the Oral Surgeon
Authors: Ebenezer Supriya , Kumar Vinay V. , Thor Andreas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the past decades, implant dentistry has evolved to be a very predictable treatment modality for the replacement of lost teeth and has now become one of the most common oral surgical procedures carried out worldwide. This chapter introduces the history and evolution of dental implants, discusses the concept of osseointegration, mentions the types of implants and discusses clinical decision making and execution of straight forward implant placement. It must be noted that the field of implantology is rapidly developing with new treatment concepts and increasing use of digital technology. The surgical part of implant treatment although extremely important, is only a part of the overall treatment, the other important factors being the laboratory and prosthodontics. This chapter only provides a basic surgical overview of implantology for the beginner surgeon clinician.
Preoperative Evaluation and Investigations for Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Krishnan B. , Parida Satyen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPatients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgeries have unique perioperative considerations as the surgical field is in proximity to the airway and poses a challenge to the anesthesiologist in the matter of airway management. A well-structured preoperative evaluation plays a decisive role for the successful performance of the planned surgical intervention, as well as to overcome any challenges posed due to the pre-existing health condition of the patient. Each physiologic system can be adversely affected by associated comorbidities that may or may not have clinical importance for the surgeons. Thus, the effects of coexisting diseases on the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine systems may be significant. Moreover, to mitigate risks related to these associated comorbidities, as well as to the impact of surgery/anesthesia on the patient, specific risk reduction strategies for the entire perioperative period need to be implemented. Risk management and optimization strategies involve the rational use of adjunctive laboratory and imaging studies and professional opinions of consultants of other specialties. A team approach is critical in establishing a working framework of perioperative management that would be able to keep morbidity and mortality related to the maxillofacial surgery, to an absolute minimum.
Fibro-osseous Lesions in the Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Kaur Taranjit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFibro-osseous lesions have posed a diagnostic dilemma since the beginning when the first case was reported in the late nineteenth century. Since then, various lesions are included in this group, yet the understanding of the lesions remains obscure for the clinician/surgeon. The main reason for this is their histological resemblance with one another, where they all show varying degrees of healthy bone replaced by fibrous tissue and some amount of bone/cementum-like tissue intermingled in between. This chapter is written with the aim of simplifying these groups of bony lesions for its readers and highlighting the key idea of interdisciplinary approach in the management of these lesions where the oral pathologist along with radiologist and clinician plays a pivotal role in differentially diagnosing these lesions, for the maxillofacial surgeon to choose and perform her/his duty of managing them, rightfully, for their patients. The spectrum of these lesions has seen several changes during the course of history yet there is still ample scope for ambiguity in identification and classification of the lesions, hence the authors have chosen few most commonly encountered lesions in the Indian subcontinent, for the description and discussion.
Non-surgical Modalities of Facial Rejuvenation and Aesthetics
Authors: Panda Arun Kumar , Chowdhary Aarti 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAgeing is an undesirable, ever progressing complex phenomenon that cannot be defied by anyone. An aged face definitely influences the individual’s personality and confidence. The various signs of ageing include droopy upper eyelids, hollowness in the under-eye area, folds and wrinkles on the face, genesis of nasolabial folds and jowls etc. Aesthetic medicine has evolved tremendously to counter many such telltale signs of ageing. In this chapter we have explained the mechanism of ageing at various levels of face and the effectiveness of diverse non-surgical modalities like the thread lift, platelet concentrates, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound and Radio Frequency in overcoming the ageing process. There modalities can be easily mastered to provide excellent results to patients to relive life to the fullest.
Surgical Facelift
Authors: Ilankovan Velupillai , Seah Tian Ee 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith aging, a combination of gravitational forces, laxity of the skin due to loss of elasticity, decreased dermal thickness and loss of dermal appendages results in ptotic, hanging skin. Face lift or rhytidectomy as its name suggest is a procedure to partially eliminate folds, creases and wrinkles (rhytids) caused by gravity and degeneration. The creation of two large cervicofacial flaps which after suspension and trimming, produces an overall tightening the skin and the fascial envelope of the face and neck results in restored anatomical structure. Treatment of the SMAS layer is important and can be broadly categorized into 3 methods. They are plication, elevation and imbrication and SMASectomy. Platysma elevation and plication can be carried out simultaneously for the neck. Face lift can help to negate some of these gravitational problems and produce some intrinsic improvement. Complications include haematoma, skin ischaemia and necrosis, obvious scarring, sensory disturbances, motor nerve disturbances and ear lobe irregularities.
Computer-Assisted Navigation Surgery in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Kanno Takahiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractComputer-assisted surgery (CAS) and navigation offers significant improvements in patient orientation and safety in every facet of our specialty of maxillofacial surgery. Ranging from precisely planned orthognathic procedures to the removal of foreign bodies requiring extremely flexible surgical options, and from minimally invasive dental implantology procedures to radical tumor resections of the skull base, they have made their mark for improving the procedure safety, predictability, and accuracy of surgery and options for intraoperative adaptations. In the future, the application of CAS is expected to further reduce operative risks and surgery time, accompanied by a considerable decrease in patient stress.Navigation systems are effective for delicate and accurate oral and maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery, otolaryngology, and orthopedic surgery.This section presents an overview of available navigation systems and their applications with a focus on clinical utility and the solutions they offer for problems/challenges in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Principles of Internal Fixation in Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Yadav Abhilasha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince past many years management of facial trauma has evolved greatly. To provide stable fixation various plating system have been developed. To reconstruct the chin and mandibles, craniofacial skeleton surgery and midface fractures, the maxillofacial plating system is designed. There are various forms of plates and screws for fixation of maxilla, mandible and midface including fractures of orbit and zygoma. They also involve plates for mandibular reconstruction after tumor resection. Different sizes and shapes of plates are available as per the needs.
Cleft Maxillary Hypoplasia
Authors: Mathew Philip , K Mustafa. , Mathai Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCleft lip and palate patients are born with a challenging deformity that requires multiple surgical interventions in order to reach functional and esthetic harmony. Mid face deficiency in cleft patients is a challenging clinical problem very often encountered in the management of this congenital defect. Cleft maxillary hypoplasia can be attributed to the inherited traits, acquired traits and Induced traits. CLP patients usually present with symptoms varying from malocclusion, retrusion of midface, and a narrow hard palate. A detailed evaluation and individualized treatment planning is of utmost importance in dealing with these patients. Treatment involves the contribution from both the orthodontist and the craniofacial team. The goals for the treatment for cleft maxillary hypoplasia are improvement of aesthetic deficits as well as correction of malocclusion.
Radiology for Maxillofacial Surgeons: The Essentials
Authors: Joshi Shyamsundar K. , Kochuveettil Annie I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current scenario of radiological imaging of the maxillofacial region is a far cry from its humble beginnings. Rapid strides have been made over the years, with Radiology having made an immense impact on the practice of maxillofacial surgery. These advances in imaging, play a vital role not only in the diagnosis of maxillofacial disease conditions but also in the planning and implementation of appropriate and timely treatment. Since Radiology has a crucial role to play in the practice of maxillofacial surgery it is essential that a MFS should have basic understanding of the core concepts of different imaging techniques, their similarities and differences and should also be able to comprehend how imaging helps both diagnosing the clinical condition of a patient as well as management of the same.Chest Radiography and High-Resolution Ultrasound of the cheek are two imaging techniques, that are both useful and of interest to the MFS and so have been discussed in elaboration. Chest radiographs are one of the imaging investigations most frequently requested for and is of prime importance in many patient pathways. High resolution ultrasound too has a wide range of applications in the maxillofacial region, of which cheek imaging is of paramount importance. There being a paucity in existing literature on this newer investigative technique, this writeup is aimed both at creating awareness about it among maxillofacial surgeons and also at conveying the important role it plays in the management of MFS patients.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Turner Benjamin , Collin John , Fernandes Rui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArguably the greatest challenge within Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is reconstruction following major trauma or oncologic ablative surgery that restores the patient’s pre-morbid quality of life. Satisfactory reconstruction of the maxillofacial region needs to address both cosmetic and often functional concerns beyond those encountered at other sites in the body. Even small facial defects can lead to cosmetic deformity that impacts significantly on a patient’s psychosocial well-being if not reconstructed appropriately. There have been many technological advances over the last few decades, particularly with respect to free tissue transfer and transplantation. In contrast, a number of techniques have ancient origins that have been refined over the years. Many defects will have multiple reconstructive options and a number of factors require consideration to decide which are appropriate for an individual patient. In this chapter anatomical units of the oral cavity (lip, cheek, tongue, floor of mouth and palate), and face (forehead, orbit, nose, cheek and ear) are considered in turn, with reconstructive options presented from simple to complex.
Faddeev-Reshetikhin model from a 4D Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Fukushima Osamu , Sakamoto Jun-ichi , Yoshida Kentaroh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe derive the Faddeev-Reshetikhin (FR) model from a four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory with two order surface defects by following the work by Costello and Yamazaki [arXiv:1908.02289]. Then we present a trigonometric deformation of the FR model by employing a boundary condition with anR-operator of Drinfeld-Jimbo type. This is a generalization of the work by Delduc, Lacroix, Magro and Vicedo [arXiv:1909.13824] from the disorder surface defect case to the order one.