bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Electronic Modulation of Nanostructured Layered Double Hydroxides for Efficient Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wang Ting , Wang Weiwen , Shao Wenjie , Bai Mingru , Zhou Mi , Li Shuang , Ma Tian , Ma Lang , Cheng Chong , Liu Xikui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWater electrolysis is considered to be one of the most promising technologies to produce clean fuels. However, its extensive realization critically depends on the progress in cost‐effective and high‐powered oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. As a member of the big family of two‐dimensional (2D) materials, nanostructured layered double hydroxides (nLDHs) have made significant processes and continuous breakthroughs for OER electrocatalysis. In this Review, the advancements in designing nLDHs for OER in recent years were discussed with a unique focus on their electronic modulations and in situ analysis on catalytic processes. After a brief discussion on different synthetic methodologies of nLDHs, including “bottom‐up” and “top‐down” approaches, the general strategies to enhance the catalytic performances of nLDHs reported so far were summarized, including compositional substitution, heteroatom doping, vacancy engineering, and amorphous/crystalline engineering. Furthermore, the in situ OER processes and mechanism analysis on engineering efficient nLDHs electrocatalysts were discussed. Finally, the research trends, perspectives, and challenges on designing nLDHs were also carefully outlined. This progress Review may offer enlightening experimental/theoretical guidance for designing highly catalytic active nLDHs and provide new directions to promote their future prosperity for practical utilization in water splitting.
Reliability of an automated gaze‐controlled paradigm for capturing neural responses during visual and face processing in toddlerhood
Authors: Haartsen Rianne , Mason Luke , Braithwaite Eleanor K. , Del Bianco Teresa , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J. H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) has substantial potential value for examining individual differences during early development. Current challenges in developmental EEG research include high dropout rates and low trial numbers, which may in part be due to passive stimulus presentation. Comparability is challenged by idiosyncratic processing pipelines. We present a novel toolbox (“Braintools”) that uses gaze‐contingent stimulus presentation and an automated processing pipeline suitable for measuring visual processing through low‐density EEG recordings in the field. We tested the feasibility of this toolbox in 61 2.5‐ to 4‐year olds, and computed test–retest reliability (1‐ to 2‐week interval) of event‐related potentials (ERP) associated with visual (P1) and face processing (N290, P400). Feasibility was good, with 52 toddlers providing some EEG data at the first session. Reliability values for ERP features were moderate when derived from 20 trials; this would allow inclusion of 79% of the 61 toddlers for the P1 and 82% for the N290 and P400. P1 amplitude/latency were more reliable across sessions than for the N290 and P400. Amplitudes were generally more reliable than latencies. Automated and standardized solutions to collection and analysis of event‐related EEG data would allow efficient application in large‐scale global health studies, opening significant potential for examining individual differences in development.
Return of fear following extinction in youth: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Danon‐Kraun Shani , Horovitz Omer , Frenkel Tahl , Richter‐Levin Gal , Pine Daniel S. , Shechner Tomer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ability to learn to differentiate safety from danger matures gradually, particularly when such learning occurs over an extended time period. And yet, most research on fear learning examines the early phases of such learning and mainly in adults. The current study examined fear conditioning and extinction, as well as one form of extended learning, return of fear (ROF). Thirty‐three typically developing children (age range: 7–14 years) completed fear conditioning and extinction; self‐reports and psychophysiological indices were measured at this point. Two weeks later, children completed a ROF test (n = 23), and event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Results indicated successful fear acquisition and extinction. Moreover, participants reported greater fear of the conditioned stimulus (CS+) than the safety stimulus (CS–) in the ROF test 2 weeks later. In electrophysiology data, ROF manifested as a larger late positive potential (LPP) response to the CS+ than the CS–. Finally, these differences in LPP responses were positively correlated with poorer extinction, as indicated by the GSR responses 2 weeks earlier. This is the first ERP study to demonstrate ROF in children. The LPP measure may index an interplay between inhibitory and excitatory brain‐related processes underlying the long‐term effects of fear learning.
An Electrochemical Approach to Quantification of Volatile Organic Solvents Dispersed in Solution – Towards Bipolar Electrode Sensors
Authors: Kaluza Dawid , Węgrzyn Katarzyna , Kaczmarczyk Brian , Gniadek Marianna , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Michalska Agata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA novel approach to electrochemical determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) suspended in a solution is proposed. This approach benefits from properties of capacitors linked in series, where the total capacitance is affected by analyte induced changes. A tailor designed hydrophobic PVDF membrane modified with polyoctylthiophene used in this arrangement played a role of a bipolar electrode. The presence of water immiscible liquid VOCs results in spontaneous formation of a thin film on the surface of the hydrophobic polymer membrane and dissolution of modifying particulates. This effect leads to change of electrical parameters of the system: capacitance and resistance dependent on amount of VOCs present in the aqueous phase.
Effects of two grip force levels and forearm postures on hand‐arm transmitted vibration and physiological responses
Authors: Revilla Josefa Angelie , Loh Ping Yeap , Muraki Satoshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVibration transmitted to the upper limb is the primary source of occupational musculoskeletal disorder. Transmissibility is not just caused by vibration magnitude but is also directly influenced by the applied force and posture. This study investigated the effects of two forearm postures and grip force levels, when using dual‐handle guided equipment, on hand‐arm transmitted vibration and physiological responses. Sixteen young male adults were recruited. Pre‐task and post‐task assessments including grip strength and perceived discomfort were measured. The task was to hold a vibrating handlebar for 5 ‐min under four randomly sequenced conditions: N/PM/H—neutral/pronated forearm and mild/hard grip. Transmissibility and forearm muscle activities were recorded during each task. It was discovered that neutral posture led to higher wrist and elbow transmissibility, whereas hard grip resulted in higher elbow transmissibility, forearm muscle activities, grip strength reduction, and distal arm discomfort. Furthermore, the interaction between the effects of posture and force significantly influenced wrist extensor activity (NH > PH; NM = PM), proximal arm discomfort (NH < PH; NM = PM), and wrist transmissibility (PH > PM; NH = NM). Essentially, with constant vibration and exposure duration, the application of sustained hard grip had more negative physiological effects because of the greater physical workload toward the hands and forearms. Moreover, gripping hard during pronation led to higher discomfort that reached the proximal arm because a greater effort was required. Hence, a neutral forearm posture is recommended when the tasks require forceful movements and either posture is suggested when less powerful movements are involved.
Aberrant slow waves in the hippocampus during activation in mice with low cholinergic tone
Authors: Leung L. Stan , Chu Liangwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe effects of acetylcholine on cortical activation were studied in wild‐type (WT) mice, compared to knockout (KO) mice depleted of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) gene in the basal forebrain, and knockdown (KD) mice with heterogeneous depletion of VAChT gene in the brain. Cortical activation was assessed by comparing power spectra of local field potentials (LFPs) during activated states of rapid‐eye‐movement sleep (REM) or walk (WLK), with those during non‐activated states of slow‐wave sleep (SWS) or awake‐immobility (IMM). Activation‐induced suppression of delta (1–4 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) power in the hippocampus, and delta power in frontal cortex, were reduced in KO and KD mice compared to WT mice. Mean theta frequency was higher in KD than KO mice during WLK and REM, but not different between WT and KO mice. Peak theta (4–12 Hz) and integrated gamma (30–150 Hz) power were not significantly different among mouse groups. However, theta‐peak‐frequency selected gamma2 (62–100 Hz) power was lower in KO than WT or KD mice during WLK, and theta‐peak‐frequency selected theta power during REM decreased faster with high theta frequency in KO than WT/ KD mice. Theta power increase during REM compared to WLK was lower in KO and KD mice compared to WT mice. Theta–gamma cross‐frequency coherence, a measure of synchronization of gamma with theta phase, was not different among mouse groups. However, during REM, SWS, and IMM, delta‐gamma coherence was significantly higher and proximal–distal delta coherence in CA1 was lower in KO than WT/KD mice. We conclude that a deficiency in basal forebrain acetylcholine release not only enhances slow waves and suppresses theta‐associated gamma waves during activation, but also increases delta‐gamma cross‐frequency coherence during nonactivated states, with a possible effect of disrupting cognitive processing during any brain state.
Disparity analysis and prognostic value of pretreatment whole blood Epstein‐Barr virus DNA load and Epstein‐Barr encoding region status in lymphomas: A retrospective multicenter study in Huaihai Lymphoma Working Group
Authors: Shen Ziyuan , Hu Lingling , Yao Mingkang , He Chenlu , Liu Qinhua , Wang Fei , Gu Weiying , Wang Ying , Dong Manyu , Zhu Taigang , Yin Ting , Li Fei , Jin Yingliang , Huang Shuiping , Zhang Hao , Sang Wei ,   Huaihai Lymphoma Working Group (HHLWG)
Published: September 2021

AbstractElevated Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA load is common in lymphomas. However, it remains unclear whether the disparity in viral load and its prognostic value in lymphomas are correlated with Epstein‐Barr encoding region (EBER) status. In this retrospective multicenter study, we collected the data of pretreatment whole blood EBV DNA (pre‐EBV DNA) and EBER status and evaluated their disparity and prognostic values in lymphomas. A total of 454 lymphoma patients from December 2014 to August 2020 were retrospectively retrieved. Mann‐Whitney U test, Kruskal‐Wallis test and Bonferroni's adjustment were used to explore the disparity of EBV DNA and EBER status in lymphomas. Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis and MaxStat analysis were used to determine optimal cutoff points of pre‐EBV DNA load. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were established for the estimation of prognostic factors. The positive rate of EBV DNA in natural killer T‐cell lymphoma (NKTL) patients was higher than that in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients, and the median positive pre‐EBV copy number of NKTL was also higher than that of FL and DLBCL. EBV DNA could clearly distinguish the prognosis of DLBCL, NKTL, HL and peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, and the integration of EBER status and EBV DNA could differentiate the prognosis of HL patients. Multivariable results revealed that pre‐EBV DNA load had an effect on the prognosis of NKTL, FL and DLBCL. The status of pre‐EBV DNA and EBER were disparate. Whole blood pre‐EBV DNA predicted the prognosis of lymphomas, and the combination of EBV and EBER status could differentiate the prognosis of HL.
High serum uric acid may associate with the increased risk of colorectal cancer in females: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Mi Ningning , Huang Junjun , Huang Chongfei , Lin Yanyan , He Qiangsheng , Wang Haiping , Yang Man , Lu Yawen , Lawer Atteh Lawrence , Yue Ping , Bai Bing , Zhang Jinduo , Zhang Chao , Cai Teng , Fu Wenkang , Gao Long , Li Xun , Yuan Jinqiu , Meng Wenbo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels have been previously reported to play a role in multiple types of cancers. However, epidemiological studies evaluating SUA levels and colorectal cancer risk remain sparse. This cohort study included 444 462 participants between the ages of 40 and 69 years from the UK Biobank, followed up from 2006 to 2010. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). During a mean follow‐up of 6.6 years, 2033 and 855 cases of colon and rectal cancers, respectively, were diagnosed. The multivariable‐adjusted HRs for risks of colon cancer in the lowest uric acid categories (≤3.5 mg/dL) compared with the reference groups were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75‐2.29) in males and 1.26 (95% CI = 1.03‐1.55) in females. The HRs in the highest uric acid groups (>8.4 mg/dL) were 1.16 (95% CI = 0.83‐1.63) in males and 2.00 (95% CI = 1.02‐3.92) in females. The corresponding HRs of rectal cancer in the lowest uric acid groups compared with the reference group were 2.21 (95% CI = 1.15‐4.23) in males and 0.98 (95% CI = 0.66‐1.45) in females. The HRs in the highest uric acid groups were 1.35 (95% CI = 0.82‐2.23) in males and 3.81 (95% CI = 1.38‐10.56) in females. In conclusion, SUA showed a U‐shaped association with colon cancer risk in both male and female populations. The same pattern was observed in male patients with rectal cancer. However, SUA levels were positively associated with occurrence of rectal cancer in female subjects.
FIGO good practice recommendations on reduction of preterm birth in pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Mol Ben W. , Jacobsson Bo , Grobman William A. , Moley Kelle ,   the FIGO Working Group for Preterm Birth
Published: September 2021

AbstractFIGO (the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) supports assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to achieve pregnancy and supports their availability in all nations. However, the increased frequency of preterm birth must be taken into account. Therefore, before in vitro fertilization (IVF) is started, other approaches, including expectant management, should be considered. Single embryo transfer is the best approach to ensure a live, healthy child. However, increased risks for preterm birth are also associated with a singleton IVF pregnancy and should be discussed and contrasted with spontaneous conception. Increased preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes in singleton IVF cycles warrant investigations to elucidate and mitigate. Minimizing embryo manipulation during cell culture is recommended. Increased risk of preterm birth and other pregnancy complications in ART could reflect the underlying reasons for infertility. This information should be discussed and further explored.
FIGO good practice recommendations on magnesium sulfate administration for preterm fetal neuroprotection
Authors: Shennan Andrew , Suff Natalie , Jacobsson Bo ,   the FIGO Working Group for Preterm Birth
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn women at risk of early preterm imminent birth, from viability to 30 weeks of gestation, use of MgSO4 for neuroprotection of the fetus is recommended. In pregnancies below 32–34 weeks of gestation, the use of MgSO4 for neuroprotection of the fetus should be considered. MgSO4 should be administered regardless of the cause for preterm birth and the number of babies in utero. MgSO4 should be administered when early preterm birth is planned or expected within 24 h. When birth is planned, MgSO4 should commence as close as possible to 4 h before birth. If delivery is planned or expected to occur sooner than 4 h, MgSO4 should be administered, as there is still likely to be an advantage from administration within this time. The optimal regimen of MgSO4 for fetal neuroprotection is an intravenous loading dose of 4 g (administered slowly over 20–30 min), followed by a 1 g per hour maintenance dose. This regimen should continue until birth but should be stopped after 24 h if undelivered. When MgSO4 is administered, women should be monitored for clinical signs of magnesium toxicity at least every 4 h by recording pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and deep tendon (for example, patellar) reflexes.
Comparison and optimization of various moving patient‐based real‐time quality control procedures for serum sodium
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Yu Qian , Zhang Xiaoyan , Chen Xiaoling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐based real‐time quality control (PBRTQC) is a valuable tool for monitoring the performance of testing processes. We aimed to compare and optimize various PBRTQC procedures for serum sodium.MethodsIn a computer simulation, artificial errors were added to 680,000 real patients’ results. The characteristics of error detection of various algorithms—moving average, moving median, moving SD and moving proportion of normal results including different control limits (CLs)—were assessed on their ability to detect critical errors early.ResultsThe moving average and moving median were sensitive to system error, and the moving SD tended to detect random error. P3SD (moving proportion of normal results, CLs based on mean and SD of proportion of normal results) demonstrated excellent performance for both system error and random error. The increase of block sizes (N) leads to the delay of error detection and the decrease of false rejection, except for QC procedures with minimum and maximum as CLs. CLs calculation with “0.1% false alarm rate” had more effective performance than that set false alarm to zero (minimum and maximum as CLs). The impact of truncation on QC performance depended on truncation limits, algorithms and the types of error. The significant improvement in QC performance due to truncation was only found in moving SD.Conclusion“P3SD,N = 50, without truncation” and “moving SD, N = 25, set 0.1% false alarm as CLs and set 1% outliers exclusion as truncation limits” were recommended as the optimized procedures for serum sodium to monitor system error and random error, respectively.
Potential engineers: A systematic literature review exploring Black children's access to and experiences with STEM
Authors: London Jeremi S. , Lee Walter C. , Hawkins Ash Chaneé D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs engineering remains central to the US economy, it is imperative that the innovators of this field reflect the world in which we live. Despite decades of concerted effort to broaden participation in engineering, representation continues to lack.PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide education researchers and practitioners with a clear understanding of barriers to the participation of Black American children in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Our interest is driven by the role that precollege STEM experiences play in children's likelihood of becoming potential engineering students.Scope/MethodWe conducted a systematic literature review of 41 articles focused on Black children in precollege STEM contexts. Each article underwent individual review to gain deeper insight into key contextual factors that enable and constrain these potential engineers.ResultsWe situate our research findings in Perna's college choice model to highlight the key factors that may influence one's career and college decisions. The contextual factors are associated with the (1) social, economic, and policy context (e.g., racism, sexism, and classism); (2) STEM educational and community context (i.e., social perceptions and access); and (3) the local support context (i.e., teachers and family).ConclusionsOur results represent the early workings of a “glass ceiling” above the heads of potential engineering students. The underrepresentation of Black Americans who thrive in engineering is a byproduct of the lack of accessibility to quality and advanced learning experiences that too often plague K–12 schools and communities that serve high populations of Black Americans. Such findings have implications for research and practice.
Optimally manage the energy between electric vehicle charging stations and electricity distribution system: A hybrid technique
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Giri Rajanbabu , Rengaraj Ramasubbu , Prakash Nattamai Balasubramanian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this manuscript, the energy trading model is proposed for investigating the cooperative benefits between several electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) and integrated energy systems (IES) based on hybrid system. The proposed hybrid system is combination of Radial‐Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) and artificial transgender longicorn algorithm (ATLA), hence it is called RBFNN‐ATLA technique. Initially, the RBFNN approach manages the energy between IES and EVCSs. After that, the original issue breaks down into the main energy trade and payment negotiation issue. The energy trading issue and payment negotiation problem can be solved using ATLA approach. This proposed structure may not only diminish the IES cost, however also enlarge the EVCS profit. The uncertainties in electricity and renewable energy prices are modeled using a robust optimization technique. Additionally, the integrated demand response is modeled for maximizing operational performance. The distributed algorithm depends on the proposed technique is evolved for solving the issue of energy trading, ensuring the privacy of players. The proposed algorithm may obtain the global optimal solutions devoid of adjusting the parameter compared with existing algorithm. The proposed system is performed by the matrix laboratory (MATLAB)/Simulink and the performance is evaluated with other existing methods. The RBFNN‐ATLA method reduces the cost up to 3.76%, 7.793%, 8.210% and 9.01% for independent and cooperative mode. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed system can accurately detect that optimal global solution.