bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing the T-shaped weir: a new nonlinear weir
Authors: Noroozi Behzad , Bazargan Jalal , Safarzadeh Akbar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the present study, a new nonlinear weir called the T-shaped weir (TSW), which is a combination of the labyrinth weir (LW) and the piano key weir (PKW), was introduced, and its hydraulic performance was compared with the PKW. Based on the presence of the vertical walls at the inlet key, outlet key, or both keys, the TSW weirs were classified as type A, B, or C weirs, respectively. The flow pattern of different TSW cases was analyzed, and the discharge coefficient curves were provided. Furthermore, to accurately study the hydrodynamics of the tested weirs, 3D numerical simulations were performed using the FLOW-3D software. The results showed that inserting a vertical wall at the upstream of the outlet keys (C-TSW type) has a negligible effect on the hydraulic performance of the PKW. A maximum increase of 16% occurred in the discharge coefficient of the B-TSW in comparison to the PKW, and up to a head to height ratio (Ht/p) of 0.45, the effect of the vertical wall on increasing the performance of the B-TSW was maintained. Based on the experimental and numerical tests, the optimal height ratio of the vertical wall (Pd/P) in B-TSW with highest discharge capacity was determined to be equal to 0.4.
Effectiveness and Moderators of an Internet-Based Mobile-Supported Stress Management Intervention as a Universal Prevention Approach: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ebert David Daniel , Franke Marvin , Zarski Anna-Carlotta , Berking Matthias , Riper Heleen , Cuijpers Pim , Funk Burkhardt , Lehr Dirk 
Published: May 2021

Background
Emerging evidence indicates the effectiveness of internet-based mobile-supported stress management interventions (iSMIs) in highly stressed employees. It is yet unclear, however, whether iSMIs are also effective without a preselection process in a universal prevention approach, which more closely resembles routine occupational health care. Moreover, evidence for whom iSMIs might be suitable and for whom not is scarce.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the iSMI GET.ON Stress in a universal prevention approach without baseline inclusion criteria and to examine the moderators of the intervention effects.

Methods
A total of 396 employees were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the 6-month waiting list control group. The iSMI consisted of 7 sessions and 1 booster session and offered no therapeutic guidance. Self-report data were assessed at baseline, 7 weeks, and at 6 months following randomization. The primary outcome was perceived stress. Several a priori defined moderators were explored as potential effect modifiers.

Results
Participants in the intervention group reported significantly lower perceived stress at posttreatment (d=0.71, 95% CI 0.51-0.91) and at 6-month follow-up (d=0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.81) compared to those in the waiting list control group. Significant differences with medium-to-large effect sizes were found for all mental health and most work-related outcomes. Resilience (at 7 weeks, P=.04; at 6 months, P=.01), agreeableness (at 7 weeks, P=.01), psychological strain (at 6 months, P=.04), and self-regulation (at 6 months, P=.04) moderated the intervention effects.

Conclusions
This study indicates that iSMIs can be effective in a broad range of employees with no need for preselection to achieve substantial effects. The subgroups that might not profit had extreme values on the respective measures and represented only a very small proportion of the investigated sample, thereby indicating the broad applicability of GET.ON Stress.

Trial Registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00005699; https://www.drks.de/DRKS00005699
An Instrument for Measuring Social Participation to Examine Older Adults' Use of the Internet as a Social Platform: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Anderberg Peter , Abrahamsson Linda , Berglund Johan Sanmartin 
Published: May 2021

Background
Older people’s use of the internet is increasingly coming into focus with the demographic changes of a growing older population. Research reports several benefits of older people’s internet use and highlights problems such as various forms of inequality in use within the group. There is a need for consistent measurements to follow the development and use of the internet in this group and to be able to compare groups both within and between countries, as well as follow the changes over time.

Objective
The aim of this study was to create an instrument to measure an older person’s perception of the benefits of their online social participation, unconnected to specific applications and services. The instrument to measure internet social participation proposed in this paper builds on social participation factors and is a multidimensional construct incorporating both social relations and societal connectedness.

Methods
A short instrument for measuring social participation over the internet was created. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted in a random selection of persons aged 65 years or older (n=193) on 10 initial items. Further validation was made by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the remaining group (n=193).

Results
A 1-factor solution for the social internet score was decided upon after exploratory factor analysis (EFA; based on a random sample of half the data set). None of the questionnaire items were excluded based on the EFA, as they all had high loadings, the lowest being 0.61. The Cronbach α coefficient was .92. The 1-factor solution explained 55% of the variance. CFA was performed and included all 10 questionnaire items in a 1-factor solution. Indices of goodness of fit of the model showed room for improvement. Removal of 4 questions in a stepwise procedure resulted in a 6-item model (χ26=13.985; χ2/degrees of freedom=1.554; comparative fit index=0.992; root mean square error of approximation=0.054; standardized root mean square residual=0.025).

Conclusions
The proposed instrument can be used to measure digital social participation and coherence with society. The factor analysis is based on a sufficient sample of the general population of older adults in Sweden, and overall the instrument performed as expected.
Patient Empowerment During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Ensuring Safe and Fast Communication of Test Results: Implementation and Performance of a Tracking System
Authors: Völkel Gunnar , Fürstberger Axel , Schwab Julian D , Werle Silke D , Ikonomi Nensi , Gscheidmeier Thomas , Kraus Johann M , Groß Alexander , Holderried Martin , Balig Julien , Jobst Franz , Kuhn Peter , Kuhn Klaus A , Kohlbacher Oliver , Kaisers Udo X , Seufferlein Thomas , Kestler Hans A 
Published: May 2021

Background
Overcoming the COVID-19 crisis requires new ideas and strategies for online communication of personal medical information and patient empowerment. Rapid testing of a large number of subjects is essential for monitoring and delaying the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in order to mitigate the pandemic’s consequences. People who do not know that they are infected may not stay in quarantine and, thus, risk infecting others. Unfortunately, the massive number of COVID-19 tests performed is challenging for both laboratories and the units that conduct throat swabs and communicate the results.

Objective
The goal of this study was to reduce the communication burden for health care professionals. We developed a secure and easy-to-use tracking system to report COVID-19 test results online that is simple to understand for the tested subjects as soon as these results become available. Instead of personal calls, the system updates the status and the results of the tests automatically. This aims to reduce the delay when informing testees about their results and, consequently, to slow down the virus spread.

Methods
The application in this study draws on an existing tracking tool. With this open-source and browser-based online tracking system, we aim to minimize the time required to inform the tested person and the testing units (eg, hospitals or the public health care system). The system can be integrated into the clinical workflow with very modest effort and avoids excessive load to telephone hotlines.

Results
The test statuses and results are published on a secured webpage, enabling regular status checks by patients; status checks are performed without the use of smartphones, which has some importance, as smartphone usage diminishes with age. Stress tests and statistics show the performance of our software. CTest is currently running at two university hospitals in Germany—University Hospital Ulm and University Hospital Tübingen—with thousands of tests being performed each week. Results show a mean number of 10 (SD 2.8) views per testee.

Conclusions
CTest runs independently of existing infrastructures, aims at straightforward integration, and aims for the safe transmission of information. The system is easy to use for testees. QR (Quick Response) code links allow for quick access to the test results. The mean number of views per entry indicates a reduced amount of time for both health care professionals and testees. The system is quite generic and can be extended and adapted to other communication tasks.
Effect of Community-Based Kangaroo Mother Care Package on Neonatal Mortality Among Preterm and Low Birthweight Infants in Rural Pakistan: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ariff Shabina , Habib Atif , Memon Zahid , Arshad Tayyaba , Samejo Tariq , Maznani Ikram , Umer Muhammad , Hussain Amjad , Rizvi Arjumand , Ahmed Imran , Soofi Sajid Bashir , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: May 2021

Background
Neonatal mortality due to preterm birth and low birthweight remains a significant challenge in Pakistan. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a unique, low-cost intervention proven to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity and increase exclusive breastfeeding rates. However, KMC has not been attempted in community settings in Pakistan. We aim to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based KMC package to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality among preterm and low birthweight (LBW) infants, which will provide evidence for policy development and the large-scale implementation of KMC across the country.

Objective
The primary objective of this trial is to reduce neonatal mortality among preterm and LBW infants. The secondary objectives are growth (measured as weight gain), reduced incidence of possible serious bacterial infection, and increased exclusive breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding practices.

Methods
We designed a community-based cluster randomized controlled trial in one rural district of Pakistan. Stable, LBW babies (weighing 1200 grams to 2500 grams) are included in the study. The community KMC package, consisting of the KMC kit, information and counseling material, and community mobilization through KMC champions (village volunteers), was designed after preliminary research in the same geographical location and implemented in intervention clusters. The standard essential newborn care is offered in the control clusters. Infants are recruited and followed up by independent teams of data collectors. Data are collected on the duration of skin-to-skin contact, growth, breastfeeding practices, morbidities, neonatal mortality, and neurodevelopment status. Data analysis will be conducted based on the intention to treat principle. The Cox regression model will be used to assess the primary outcome of neonatal mortality. The secondary outcomes will be evaluated using linear or logistic regression.

Results
The Ethics Review Committee of Aga Khan University, Pakistan, approved the study protocol in February 2017. Data collection began in August 2019 and will be completed in December 2021. Data analyses are yet to be completed.

Conclusions
This intervention may be effective in preventing sepsis and subsequently improve survival in LBW newborns in Pakistan and other low-income and middle-income countries worldwide.

Trial Registration
clinicaltrials.gov NCT03545204; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03545204

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/28156
A Word Pair Dataset for Semantic Similarity and Relatedness in Korean Medical Vocabulary: Reference Development and Validation
Authors: Yum Yunjin , Lee Jeong Moon , Jang Moon Joung , Kim Yoojoong , Kim Jong-Ho , Kim Seongtae , Shin Unsub , Song Sanghoun , Joo Hyung Joon 
Published: May 2021

Background
The fact that medical terms require special expertise and are becoming increasingly complex makes it difficult to employ natural language processing techniques in medical informatics. Several human-validated reference standards for medical terms have been developed to evaluate word embedding models using the semantic similarity and relatedness of medical word pairs. However, there are very few reference standards in non-English languages. In addition, because the existing reference standards were developed a long time ago, there is a need to develop an updated standard to represent recent findings in medical sciences.

Objective
We propose a new Korean word pair reference set to verify embedding models.

Methods
From January 2010 to December 2020, 518 medical textbooks, 72,844 health information news, and 15,698 medical research articles were collected, and the top 10,000 medical terms were selected to develop medical word pairs. Attending physicians (n=16) participated in the verification of the developed set with 607 word pairs.

Results
The proportion of word pairs answered by all participants was 90.8% (551/607) for the similarity task and 86.5% (525/605) for the relatedness task. The similarity and relatedness of the word pair showed a high correlation (ρ=0.70, P<.001). The intraclass correlation coefficients to assess the interrater agreements of the word pair sets were 0.47 on the similarity task and 0.53 on the relatedness task. The final reference standard was 604 word pairs for the similarity task and 599 word pairs for relatedness, excluding word pairs with answers corresponding to outliers and word pairs that were answered by less than 50% of all the respondents. When FastText models were applied to the final reference standard word pair sets, the embedding models learning medical documents had a higher correlation between the calculated cosine similarity scores compared to human-judged similarity and relatedness scores (namu, ρ=0.12 vs with medical text for the similarity task, ρ=0.47; namu, ρ=0.02 vs with medical text for the relatedness task, ρ=0.30).

Conclusions
Korean medical word pair reference standard sets for semantic similarity and relatedness were developed based on medical documents from the past 10 years. It is expected that our word pair reference sets will be actively utilized in the development of medical and multilingual natural language processing technology in the future.
How Long Can We Build It? Ensuring Usability of a Scientific Code Base
Authors: Rechert Klaus , Oberhauser Jurek , Gieschke Rafael 
Published: May 2021

Software and in particular source code became an important component of scientific publications and henceforth is now subject of research data management. Maintaining source code such that it remains a usable and a valuable scientific contribution is and remains a huge task. Not all code contributions can be actively maintained forever. Eventually, there will be a significant backlog of legacy source-code. In this article we analyse the requirements for applying the concept of long-term reusability to source code. We use simple case study to identify gaps and provide a technical infrastructure based on emulator to support automated builds of historic software in form of source code.
Interstate green standards of formation sustainable built environment vital activity
Authors: Telichenko Valeriy I. , Benuzh Andrey A. , Suhinina Elena A. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Due to the negative environmental situation on Earth, the necessity to use “green” standards in construction, regulated by environmental standards, to reduce the negative impact on nature and create favorable living environment for humans was determined. It was revealed that eleven of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals approved at the United Nations General Assembly are interrelated with construction. At the same time, “green” design standards are a mechanism for achieving Sustainable Development Goals as well as regulatory tool for creating an environmentally friendly environment for living and working.
Materials and methods. The stages of the formation of environmental legislation in construction are studied. Specific features of the formation of regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection and environmental design (mid 20th – early 21st centuries), as well as the transition to the creation of National Russian “green” standards are reviewed. The mechanism of development of interstate standards on the basis of the Technical Committee is being studied.
Results. National environmental legislation and Russian national “green” standards regulatory requirements are studied. The advantages and disadvantages of current environmental certification systems and core aspects of buildings environmental assessment are highlighted. The necessity for the use of interstate environmental standards in design and construction is determined along with the allocation of strategy for further development in the urban planning field. Specific features of the formation of “green” construction in Russia, as a driver for the Eurasian Customs Union are revealed.
Conclusions. The priority of formating “green” living environment on the basis of the introduction of new regulatory framework on environmentally sustainable design to promote the National “green” standard in construction at the interstate level is outlined.
Filing of DMF in the US, EU, and India, and its comparative review
Authors: Sravanti Veera Kota Lakshmi , Bandla Ruchitha , Reddy Juturi Ravi Kumar 
Published: May 2021

A Drug Master File (DMF) covers all comprehensive, accurate, and precise information about Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) or Finished Product Dosage Form (FP). It is a confidential document that contains complete, factual, and correct information about the active pharmaceutical ingredient and drug product's chemistry, manufacture, stability, purity, impurity profile, packaging, and the cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practices) status of any human drug product. When a DMF is filed, it allows a company to safeguard its intellectual property from its partner while complying with regulatory requirements when its process details are disclosed. There is no legalised or regulatory requirement to file a DMF. A DMF comprises of two parts: (a) the Applicant's Part (Open Part), which contains all the information to assess the quality that the license-holder requires and submit a license or amendment application; and (b) the Restricted Part (Closed Part), which contains confidential information about the manufacturing procedure which is only disclosed to the authorities.
A DMF can be used by a holder who establishes the file or by one or more parties to support their files or applications.
The present study is to brief an overview of DMF filing in different countries, which are the USA, Europe, and India. It also gives information on regulatory requirements of Drug Master Files by Food and Drug Administration (USA), European Medicines Agency (Europe), and Central Drug and Standard Control Organization (India) and their comparison.
Comparative study of updated Clinical Trial Regulations in India with respect to Australia, Europe, Japan and US
Authors: Kumar Devender , Rahi Shivali , Rana Arpana 
Published: May 2021

The national regulatory authorities, such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), Central Drugs Standard Control Organization and the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), approve every drug that is prescribed for patients around the world. The process of approval undertaken by pharmaceutical companies for drug candidates consists of a series of phases to ensure the product is safe and effective at treating the disease.
In this paper, we will compare the clinical trial regulations of India with respect to Australia, Europe, Japan & USA in order to determine the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products like drugs, biologics and medical devices in different geographical regions and to confirm the clinical trials studies follow strict scientific standards.
A Review on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Ray Jasaswi , Sahoo Chinmaya Keshari , Mohanty Rajashree , Sahoo Rakesh , Dalai Rajashree 
Published: May 2021

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes affecting over 90% of the diabetic patients. Due to the toxic effects of hyperglycemia there is development of this complication. It is typically characterized by significant deficits in tactile sensitivity, vibration sense, lower-limb proprioception, and kinesthesia. Painful DPN has been shown to be associated with significant reductions in overall quality of life, increased levels of anxiety and depression, sleep impairment, and greater gait variability. Hence DPN is often inadequately treated, and the role of improving glycaemic control in diabetes. Major international clinical guidelines for the management of DPN recommend several symptomatic treatments. First-line therapies include tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, and anti-consultants that act on calcium channels. Other therapies include opioids and topical agents such as capsaicin and lidocaine. The objectives of this paper are to review current guidelines for the pharmacological management of DPN.
Keywords: DPN, hyperglycemia, depression, lidocaine
Corona Virus (COVID-19) Symptoms Prevention and Treatment: A Short Review
Authors: Singh Ranjan , Sarsaiya Surendra , Singh Tanim Arpit , Singh Trashi , Pandey Laxmi Kant , Pandey Prabhash Kumar , Khare Neeraj , Sobin Femina , Sikarwar Ranjana , Gupta Mahendra Kumar 
Published: May 2021

There is a new world health crisis threatening the public with spread of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019). Since 2019 when Covid-19 emerged in Hunan seafood market at Wuhan, South China and rapidly spread throughout the world, the virus outbreak has been declared a public health emergency by the WHO. Corona virus causes respiratory infection including pneumonia, cold, sneezing and coughing while in animal it causes diarrhea and upper respiratory diseases. Corona virus transmitted human to human or human to animal via airborne droplets. Patient shows various symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness and fatigue. The disease is being cured through general treatment, symptomatic treatment and by other methods. This review outlines the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Management and prevention of this fatal disease.
Keywords: Coronavirus disease-2019, COVID-19, Respiratory Syndrome, Symptoms, Prevention, Treatment.