bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards pragmatism in climate risk analysis and adaptation
Authors: Wilby Robert Leonard , Lu Xianfu , Watkiss Paul , Rodgers Charles Andrew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Asia-Pacific region is extremely vulnerable to climate variability and change. This reflects high exposure to hydroclimatic hazards such as tropical cyclones, floods, droughts, and heatwaves. Rapidly growing cities and low-lying coastal zones/estuaries also face threats from sea level rise and storm surges. However, climate model projections remain very uncertain about most of these risks, so water infrastructure and operations need to consider a range of plausible futures. Against this background, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been developing frameworks, tools, and capacities in climate risk and adaptation assessment and management. Project teams are often operating in data-scarce situations and under significant time constraints, so the emphasis has been on creating pragmatic guidance and training resources. This paper charts the transition of climate risk management (CRM) within the ADB from a predominantly scenario-led to decision-led approach to adaptation. Examples are given of light-touch procedures for screening climate risks, strengthening the transparency and rigour of scenario analysis, raising awareness of a broad range of adaptation options, streamlining identification of CRM options, and embedding allowances for climate change in detailed engineering designs. Such practical innovations would benefit communities of practice beyond the Asia-Pacific region.
Climate change adjustments in engineering design standards: European perspective
Authors: Kundzewicz Zbigniew W. , Licznar Paweł 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The European Commission Flood Risk Directive review shows that while many nations have embraced the concepts of flood risk management, there is still quite more to do in delineating risk–cost-effective measures and developing cost estimates and financing of those measures. Not mentioned are the necessary changes to existing design standards and protocols which will have to change in order to properly encompass climate change and variability, with associated uncertainties. Adjustments in engineering design standards and changes in hazards are examined, based on trend detection in observational records and projections for the future. Issues of urban and transport (motorways and railways) drainage design are also examined. Furthermore, risk reduction strategies are discussed. Finally, a way of accounting for non-stationarity in determining design precipitation and design floods is tackled. Climate change adjustments in engineering design standards, such as design precipitation and design floods, are reviewed via examples from Europe.
The Effect of Plant Metabolites on Coronaviruses: A Comprehensive
Review Focusing on their IC50 Values and Molecular Docking Scores
Authors: Hashempour-Baltork Fataneh , Khosravi-Drani Kianoush , Farshi Parastou , Kaya Eda Ceren 
Published: October 2021

:
Coronaviruses have caused worldwide outbreaks in different periods. SARS (severe acute
respiratory syndrome) was the first emerged virus from this family, followed by MERS (Middle East
respiratory syndrome) and SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV or COVID 19), which is newly emerged. Many
studies have been conducted on the application of chemical and natural drugs for treating these coronaviruses
and they are mostly focused on inhibiting the proteases of viruses or blocking their protein
receptors through binding to amino acid residues. Among many substances which are introduced to
have an inhibitory effect against coronaviruses through the mentioned pathways, natural components
are of specific interest. Secondary and primary metabolites from plants, are considered as
potential drugs to have an inhibitory effect on coronaviruses. IC50 value (the concentration in which
there is 50% loss in enzyme activity), molecular docking score and binding energy are parameters
to understand the ability of metabolites to inhibit the specific virus. In this study we reviewed 154
papers on the effect of plant metabolites on different coronaviruses and data of their IC50 values,
molecular docking scores and inhibition percentages are collected in tables. Secondary plant metabolites
such as polyphenol, alkaloids, terpenoids, organosulfur compounds, saponins and saikosaponins,
lectins, essential oil, and nicotianamine, and primary metabolites such as vitamins are
included in this study.
Altering Amino Acid Profile in Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don Using Potassium and Ascorbic Acid Treatments
Authors: Sahi Neda , Mostajeran Akbar , Ghanadian Mustafa 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is the main source of alkaloids anticancer drugs. Alkaloids are derived from amino acids and can lead to changes in these valuable compounds.

Objective:
This experiment evaluated the variation of amino acids under potassium and ascorbic acid treatments.

Methods:
Different concentrations (1.5, 3.16, 15 and 30 mM) and forms (K2SO4 and KNO3) of potassium (K+) were added to plants via Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Ascorbic acid (AsA) (750 mg L-1) was sprayed on the leaves surfaces on days 68 and 78. Amino acids were extracted from 90-day-old plant leaves, and different amino acids were determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with fluorescence detection.

Results:
Amino acids increased in K+ deficiency (1.5 mM), but changes in negatively charged amino acids were lower. In contrast, N-rich amino acids showed the biggest change. In excessive K+, branched-chain and aromatic amino acids decreased, while the least amount of the other amino acids was observed in the plants treated with optimum K+.

Conclusion:
The exterior of AsA and excessive K+ cause branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, aspartic acid and glutamic acid to decrease.
Predicting Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Minimal Features From Electronic Health Records: Development of a Deep Learning Model
Authors: Liang Chia-Wei , Yang Hsuan-Chia , Islam Md Mohaimenul , Nguyen Phung Anh Alex , Feng Yi-Ting , Hou Ze Yu , Huang Chih-Wei , Poly Tahmina Nasrin , Li Yu-Chuan Jack 
Published: October 2021

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), usually known as hepatoma, is the third leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Early detection of HCC helps in its treatment and increases survival rates.

Objective
The aim of this study is to develop a deep learning model, using the trend and severity of each medical event from the electronic health record to accurately predict the patients who will be diagnosed with HCC in 1 year.

Methods
Patients with HCC were screened out from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between 1999 and 2013. To be included, the patients with HCC had to register as patients with cancer in the catastrophic illness file and had to be diagnosed as a patient with HCC in an inpatient admission. The control cases (non-HCC patients) were randomly sampled from the same database. We used age, gender, diagnosis code, drug code, and time information as the input variables of a convolution neural network model to predict those patients with HCC. We also inspected the highly weighted variables in the model and compared them to their odds ratio at HCC to understand how the predictive model works

Results
We included 47,945 individuals, 9553 of whom were patients with HCC. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of the model for predicting HCC risk 1 year in advance was 0.94 (95% CI 0.937-0.943), with a sensitivity of 0.869 and a specificity 0.865. The AUROC for predicting HCC patients 7 days, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years early were 0.96, 0.94, 0.94, 0.91, and 0.91, respectively.

Conclusions
The findings of this study show that the convolutional neural network model has immense potential to predict the risk of HCC 1 year in advance with minimal features available in the electronic health records.
Exploring Reasons for Delayed Start-of-Care Nursing Visits in Home Health Care: Algorithm Development and Data Science Study
Authors: Zolnoori Maryam , Song Jiyoun , McDonald Margaret V , Barrón Yolanda , Cato Kenrick , Sockolow Paulina , Sridharan Sridevi , Onorato Nicole , Bowles Kathryn H , Topaz Maxim 
Published: October 2021

Background
Delayed start-of-care nursing visits in home health care (HHC) can result in negative outcomes, such as hospitalization. No previous studies have investigated why start-of-care HHC nursing visits are delayed, in part because most reasons for delayed visits are documented in free-text HHC nursing notes.

Objective
The aims of this study were to (1) develop and test a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm that automatically identifies reasons for delayed visits in HHC free-text clinical notes and (2) describe reasons for delayed visits in a large patient sample.

Methods
This study was conducted at the Visiting Nurse Service of New York (VNSNY). We examined data available at the VNSNY on all new episodes of care started in 2019 (N=48,497). An NLP algorithm was developed and tested to automatically identify and classify reasons for delayed visits.

Results
The performance of the NLP algorithm was 0.8, 0.75, and 0.77 for precision, recall, and F-score, respectively. A total of one-third of HHC episodes (n=16,244) had delayed start-of-care HHC nursing visits. The most prevalent identified category of reasons for delayed start-of-care nursing visits was no answer at the door or phone (3728/8051, 46.3%), followed by patient/family request to postpone or refuse some HHC services (n=2858, 35.5%), and administrative or scheduling issues (n=1465, 18.2%). In 40% (n=16,244) of HHC episodes, 2 or more reasons were documented.

Conclusions
To avoid critical delays in start-of-care nursing visits, HHC organizations might examine and improve ways to effectively address the reasons for delayed visits, using effective interventions, such as educating patients or caregivers on the importance of a timely nursing visit and improving patients’ intake procedures.
A Correlational Study on the Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product Per Capita of a Country and Its COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rates
Authors: Lopez Joseph Emmanuel G. 
Published: October 2021

Some studies had shown that there is a relationship between the state of
the economy of a country and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates.
However, these studies are just done on countries that are often on
developed countries. This study aims to find the relationship between
GDP and GDP per capita and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates on all
countries. In addition, they will also be analyzed based on their
different income levels. The data collected are from databases from
World Bank and WHO and will be analyzed through MS Excel and JASP.
Spearman’s rho is used to analyze the overall data and stratified data.
It has been found that the GDP per capita and incidence
(r = .656, p < .001) and mortality rates
(r = .521, p < .001) have a strong and
moderate correlations respectively. GDP’s relationship with incidence
(r = .295, p < .001) and mortality rates
(r = .346, p < .001) resulted in both weak
correlations. Stratified analysis resulted in no significant
relationships, except for GDP per capita’s relationship with incidence
(r = .362, p = .011) and mortality rates
(r = .348, p = .014) in low-middle countries, which
yielded both weak correlations. These results show that there is indeed
a relationship between the incidence and mortality rates and the
economic status of a country before a pandemic, however, more factors
need to be accounted for in order to help countries improve their
pandemic response in the future.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN ASESMEN KOMPETENSI MINIMUM (AKM) LITERASI MEMBACA LEVEL 2 UNTUK SISWA KELAS 4 SD
Authors: D.M. Andikayana  , N. Dantes  , I.W. Kertih  
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan unsur-unsur setiap langkah pengembangan instrumen AKM literasi membaca level 2; 2) mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan validitas isi pengembangan instrumen AKM literasi membaca level 2; 3) mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan validitas empiris pengembangan instrumen AKM literasi membaca level 2; 4) mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan reliabilitas empiris pengembangan instrumen AKM literasi membaca level 2 untuk siswa kelas 4 SD. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan Research and Development (R&D) berdasarkan model pengembangan yang dikemukakan oleh Mardapi yang terdiri dari 7 langkah. Data yang dikumpulkan merupakan data kemampuan literasi membaca siswa yang diperoleh melalui ujicoba soal instrumen AKM literasi membaca level 2 yang dikhususkan untuk siswa kelas 4 SD. Data validitas isi, validitas empiris, dan reliabilitas yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan rumus Gregory, Product Moment, dan Alpha Cronbach. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) untuk instrumen AKM literasi membaca level 2, berdasarkan uji para ahli ditemukan nilai CV=1 termasuk dalam kategori validitas isi sangat tinggi. 2) Untuk uji validitas empiris baik subyek secara terbatas ataupun yang lebih luas, seluruh 30 butir soal memperoleh hasil nilai rhitung > rtabel. 3) Untuk uji reliabilitas dari instrumen AKM literasi membaca level 2 ini ditemukan nilai perhitungan reliabilitas dengan Alpha Cronbach sebesar 0.971 yang berada pada kriteria 0,80 < 1,00 dengan kategori reliabilitas sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa penelitian ini menghasilkan instrumen AKM literasi membaca level 2 yang valid dan reliabel.
REPRESENTASI IDEOLOGI LIBERALISME DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN LGBT (LESBIAN, GAY, BISEKS, DAN TRANSGENDER) PENJARA KARYA MOCH. SATRIO WELANG, DKK.
Authors: P.S.I. Wahyuni  , I.W. Rasna  , I.B. Putrayasa  
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ideologi liberalisme dalam buku Kumpulan Cerpen LGBT (Lesbian Gay Biseks dan Transgender) Penjara Karya Moch. SatrioWelang, dkk. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian berupa deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah cerpen-cerpen yang terdapat pada buku Kumpulan Cerpen LGBT (Lesbian Gay Biseks dan Transgender) Penjara Karya Moch. SatrioWelang, dkk. dengan objek penelitian adalah ideologi liberalisme yang terdapat dalam buku Kumpulan Cerpen LGBT (Lesbian Gay Biseks dan Transgender) PenjaraKaryaMoch. SatrioWelang, dkk. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode dokumentasi dan analisis deskriptif, dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa catatan dokumentasi. Tahapan analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penyimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga temuan, yaitu: temuan pertama, sembilan cerpen yang mememiliki ideologi liberalisme dari empat belas cerpen yang terdapat pada buku kumpulan cerpen tersebut. ideologi liberalisme digambarkan dalam dua cara, yaitu secara dramatik, analitik dan kombinasi dari keduanya. Temuan kedua, pengarang terbagi ke dalam tiga kubu, kubu yang pertama yaitu memihak ideologi liberalisme, kubu kedua yaitu memihak ideologi pancasila, dan kubu ketiga tidak memihak salah satu ideologi tersebut. temuan ketiga, tokoh dalam cerpen tersebut digambarkan dalam tiga teknik, yaitu teknik showing, teknik telling dan kombinasi dari keduanya.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL ELEKTRONIK (E-MODUL) BERBASIS FLIPBOOK MAKER UNTUK SUBTEMA PEKERJAAN DI SEKITARKU KELAS IV SD/MI
Authors: Anak Agung Meka Maharcika  , Ni Ketut Suarni  , I Made Gunamantha  
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) validitas modul elektronik (e-modul) pada subtema Pekerjaan di Sekitarku kelas IV SD/MI; 2) kepraktisan modul elektronik (e-modul) untuk subtema Pekerjaan di Sekitarku kelas IV SD/MI. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan desain dan produk (Design and Development) dengan merujuk pada model ADDIE. Software yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan modul elektronik (e-modul) adalah Kvisoft Flipbook Maker Pro 3.6.10. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data validitas modul elektronik (e-modul) dan respon pengguna. Validitas diukur menggunakan uji ahli yang meliputi ahli media, ahli, materi, dan ahli bahasa. Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian dikonversi menggunakan skala likert. Respon pengguna diperoleh dari responden yaitu 2 orang guru dan 40 siswa kelas IV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) uji validitas ahli media, ahli materi, dan ahli bahasa. Rata-rata keseluruhan validasi sebesar 95,56% yang berada pada interval 81%-100% yang menunjukkan berada pada katagori sangat valid. 2) rata-rata respon guru dan siswa terhadap modul elektronik (e-modul) sebesar 87,19% berada pada interval 81%-100% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dsimpulkan bahwa penelitian ini menghasilkan e-modul yang valid dan praktis.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA KELAS IV SD
Authors: I Putu Suardika Putra  , I Wayan Lasmawan  , Ni Ketut Suarni  
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan validitas isi dan reliabilitas instrumen kemampuan literasi humanistik dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada pembelajaran IPA kelas V SD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan desain penelitian 4D. Subyek penelitian ini meliputi 2 dosen ahli dan 3 praktisi (guru). Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji validitas is (lawshe) dan uji reliabilitas (alpha Cronbach). Hasil penelitian: 1) hasil uji validitas instrumen kemampuan literasi humanistik yang dikembangkan mendapatkan hasil CVI = 0,68 dengan katagori validitas tinggi. 2) uji validitas instrumen kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang di kembangkan mendapatkan hasil CVI = 0,84 dengan kriteria validitas tinggi. 3) hasil uji reliabilitas instrumen kemampuan literasi humanistik sebesar r11 = 0,614 dengan kriteria reliabilitas tinggi. 4) hasil uji reliabilitas instrumen kemampuan pemecahan masalah mendapatkan hasil sebesar r11 = 0,614 dengan kriteria reliabilitas tinggi.
LPD SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR IPS DI SMP
Authors: K.T.P.A.V. Putra  , I.P. Sriartha  , A.T. Atmadja  
Published: October 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah; 1) Untuk mengetahui secara ringkas bagaimana latar belakang pendirian LPD Pakraman Sogra.; 2) Menganalisis prosedur sistem pengeloaan keuangan LPD Pakraman Sogra; 3) Untuk memahami nilai-nilai karakter apa saja yang terdapat dalam pengintegrasian LPD Pakraman Sogra pada pembelajaran IPS dikelas VII SMP N 1 Selat; dan 4) Untuk menganalisis bagaimana LPD Pakraman Sogra dapat di integrasikan ke dalam RPP IPS dikelas VII SMP N 1 Selat.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif, penelitian kualitatif secara umum bisa memahami fenomena-fenomena sosial dari sudut atau perspektif Informan. Informan adalah orang-orang yang diajak wawancara, diobservasi, diminta memberikan data, pendapat, pemikiran, dan persepsinya agar dapat mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang relevan. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan studi dokumen. Data ini selanjutnya diolah melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu: 1) reduksi data, 2) penyajian data, 3) analisis data dan penarik kesimpulan berdasarkan teori yang telah ditentukan.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa LPD Pakraman Sogra merupakan salah satu LPD yang bersejarah dimana meiliki kekayaan alam yang melimpah, dan mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat karena dapat dilihat dari latar belakang LPD Sogra dan sistem pengelolaan keuanganya, dan juga LPD Sogra memiliki nilai-nilai karakter yang dapat di integrasikan ke dalam pembelajaran IPS dikelas VII SMP N 1 Selat. LPD Pakraman Sogra dapat di integrasikan ke dalam RPP IPS dikelas VII SMP N 1 Selat, hal ini sangat berdampak positif karena bisa meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan prestasi belajar karena penggunaan sumberl belajar LPD merupakan sumber yang ada dalam kehidupan manusia sehari-hari sehingga lebih mudah dipahami.
Educação de tempo integral
Authors: Rodrigues Mariana Ruas , Santiago Érika Jordana Freitas , Rota Júnior César 
Published: October 2021

A noção de periculosidade da infância pobre vem sendo construída, desde as políticas higienistas do início do século passado, figurando a escola, muitas vezes, como solução para a desigualdade social. Tratou-se de pesquisa qualitativo descritiva, a partir de entrevistas individuais com trabalhadores de um Núcleo de Educação de Tempo Integral, acerca das crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco e vulnerabilidade social, a partir da teoria das Representações Sociais. Os discursos dos entrevistados descrevem as crianças e adolescentes como vítimas tanto da rua como de suas próprias famílias, percebidas como perigosas e negligentes. Emerge a imagem de uma escola que não apenas instrui e ensina, mas cuida e protege os alunos de uma realidade dura e cruel, alunos cujas famílias não apresentam condições adequadas de exercer o cuidado necessário. Concluindo, tal proteção é descrita como importante para a defesa da sociedade, pois as crianças e adolescentes pobres aparecem não como estando em risco social, mas como sendo o próprio risco.
Involvement of farm youth in cocoa plantation resources management practices in Ondo State, Nigeria: a factor analysis
Authors: Adeloye Kolawole Adelekan , Torimiro Dixon Olutade , Akinduro Akindotun Tolulope 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The study identified the factors associated with farm youth’s involvement in Cocoa Plantation Resources Management Practices (CPRMPs) in Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select a total of two hundred and four respondents for the study. The data were collected using a structured interview schedule and analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that the average age of the respondents was 33.67 ± 6.50 years and that most (76.0 %) of the respondents were male. The CPRMPs respondents were involved and were categorised into soil, water, cocoa beans, cocoa tree, cocoa seedlings, and financial management practices. The majority (76.0 %) of the respondents were moderately involved in the CPRMPs in the study area. The factors associated with farm youth involvement in CPRMPs were economic pull (λ = 2.208), economic push (λ = 1.962), personal (λ = 1.785) and community-related (λ = 0.927) factors. The factors identified explained 83.314 % of the variance in farm youth’s involvement in CPRMPs. The study, therefore, recommends that there is a need to organise training on CPRMPs to farm youth to be able to optimise the potentials inherent in them for improving their livelihood.
The Influence of Biostimulants on Tomato Plants Cultivated under Hydroponic Systems
Authors: Abdelkader Mostafa M. , Gaplaev Magomed S. , Terekbaev Aslambek A. , Puchkov Mikhail Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Two biostimulants, RutfarmMaxifol (Ascophyllum nodosum extract 17.5%, amino acids, macro- and microelements, Agromaster, Russia) and Radifarm (polysaccharides, glycosides, amino acids, and micro-elements; Valagro, Italy), were applied at different concentrations on tomato plants of the hybrid cultivar ‘Merlice’, grown under a hydroponic system. Biostimulants were applied in the form of seed soaking and twice as foliar sprayings at flowering and at the initial fruit development stages. Biostimulants were applied as water solutions at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg·L−1. Plant growth, productivity, and fruit quality parameters were determined at three points: 35, 70, and 105 days after seeding. All biostimulant treatments resulted in higher values of growth parameters and yield productivity in relation to the control. The application of biostimulants improved the parameters of the fruits’ quality by increasing the total soluble solids and antioxidants, ascorbic acid, and carotenoid contents but it did not affect tomato fruit acidity; therefore, tomato fruits from the treated plants were tastier than those from control.