bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcome in South Asia: A systematic review
Authors: Mistry Sabuj Kanti , Das Gupta Rajat , Alam Sabiha , Kaur Kuljeet , Shamim Abu Ahmed , Puthussery Shuby 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing in developing countries including the South Asian Nations. The current study aimed to examine the association of GDM with adverse pregnancy outcomes from foetal and maternal perspectives in South Asia.MethodsA systematic review was conducted including primary studies published since January 2020 from South Asian countries. Following electronic databases were searched to locate the articles: MEDLINE, EMBASE and EMCARE. Data were extracted using a customized extraction tool and methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using modified Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool. Narrative synthesis was performed as statistical pooling was not possible due to the heterogeneous nature of the studies.ResultsEight studies were included in the review. Overall, the review found a positive correlation between GDM and adverse foetal outcomes such as macrosomia, neonatal hyperglycaemia, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), stillbirths and low birthweight (LBW), but the findings were not conclusive. GDM was also positively associated with preeclampsia but the association between GDM and C‐section delivery was not conclusive.ConclusionPolicymakers, public health practitioners and researchers in South Asia should take in to account the link between GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes while designing interventions to promote maternal health in South Asia. Researchers should focus on conducting longitudinal studies in future to clearly understand the epidemiology and pathobiology of this issue.
Relationship between traditional maternal diet pattern and breastmilk composition of rural lactating women during the first month postpartum in Shigatse, Tibet
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Minghui , Lin Tie , Zhao Junying , Luo Zhang , Hou Juncai , Sun Baoguo , Chen Lijun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMaternal nutrition can influence the composition of human breastmilk by altering the components that are sensitive to maternal diet pattern. Traditional Tibetan maternal diet pattern among native rural lactating women possesses distinct characteristics due to its unique geographical environment and dietary habits. This study investigated maternal diet pattern and human breastmilk composition of Tibetan lactating women through different lactation stages during the first month postpartum in Shigatse. The results indicated that Tibetan maternal diet profile was apparently monotonous, mainly sufficient in Zanba, buttered tea, red meat, and fatty soup, yet insufficient in white meat, eggs, leafy vegetables, and fruits, leading to imperfect maternal nutritional intakes with high‐level carbohydrates and deficient proteins. Distinctions of maternal diet profiles in various degrees can be discovered upon different lactation stages, which brings multiple influences to the composition of human milk. There was significantly weak‐to‐medium correlation of protein contents between maternal diet intakes and human milk, while other macronutrients correlated insignificantly. Micronutrient constituents in human milk, involving functional unsaturated fatty acids and free essential amino acids, were also impacted by maternal diet intakes through different lactation stages. These results show that more systematic and profound research is requisite for the clarification and development of Tibetan maternal diet to offer more enhanced and individualized nutritional recommendations for Tibetan lactating women and infants.
Identification of the superior genotypes of pomegranate (Punicagranatum L.) using morphological and fruit characters
Authors: Khadivi Ali , Arab Marzieh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits can be used for fresh consumption, industrial processing, and medicinal purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the diversity of its different genotypes to be aware of their potential. In the present study, morphological and pomological diversity of 70 native pomegranate genotypes was evaluated to introduce superior selections. Most of the characters showed significant differences among the genotypes. Fruit weight ranged from 103.28 to 407.59 g, and total aril weight per fruit ranged from 51.55 to 238.97 g. Fruit peel color was highly variable and included yellow, yellow‐red, red, and red‐brown. The sunburn and cracking disorders were not observed on the peel of the majority of genotypes. Aril color was highly variable, including light milky, pink, white‐red, red, and red‐black. Seed was soft in 17, semi‐soft in 21, and hard in 32 genotypes. Total aril weight per fruit was positively and significantly correlated with fruit length (r = 0.64), fruit diameter (r = 0.87), fruit weight (r = 0.95), fruit stalk diameter (r = 0.52), fruit peel weight (r = 0.71), and aril shape (r = 0.32). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the fruit‐related traits were important for determining differences between genotypes. Based on the ideal values of commercial characters of pomegranate, 15 genotypes were promising and thus could be directly cultivated in the orchards and used in the breeding programs.
Increased reporting of subjective cognitive complaints over time predicts cognitive decline and incident dementia
Authors: Numbers Katya , Lam Ben C. P. , Crawford John D. , Kochan Nicole A. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Brodaty Henry 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) are a risk factor for dementia; however, little is known about their trajectories.MethodParticipants were 873 older adults (mage = 78.65 years; 55% females) from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study that were followed‐up biennially. SCCs were measured using the six‐item Memory Complaint Questionnaire. Associations between initial level of SCC reporting, linear change in SCC reporting, and change in global cognition over 6 years was examined using latent growth curve analysis. Risk of dementia was examined over 10 years using Cox regression.ResultsAfter controlling for demographics, mood and personality, results revealed a negative longitudinal association between the slope of SCCs and the slope of global cognition scores (b = −0.01, p = 0.005, β = −0.44), such that participants who reported increasing SCCs showed a steeper rate of decline in global cognition over 6 years. Cox regression also revealed participants who reported increasing SCCs had a nearly fourfold increased risk of developing dementia over 10 years (hazard ratio 3.70, 1.24–11.01).ConclusionThis study explored whether initial levels of, and change in, SCCs over time are associated with both cognitive decline and risk of dementia. These findings are clinically relevant as GPs should note patients reporting increasing SCCs as they may be at greater risk of cognitive decline and incident dementia.
A comparison of pre‐clinical instructional technologies: Natural teeth, 3D models, 3D printing, and augmented reality
Authors: Mahrous Ahmed , Elgreatly Amira , Qian Fang , Schneider Galen B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesTo assess student perceptions on learning dental anatomy using natural extracted teeth, 3D printed models, 3D virtual models, and augmented reality (AR) technology. MethodsEighty first‐year dental students enrolled in the dental anatomy course were instructed to examine four stations. The stations included four versions of a mandibular first molar: an extracted natural tooth, a 3D printed model, a 3D virtual model, and a model displayed on a novel AR device. After examining all stations, the students were asked to complete an electronic survey. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine whether students’ perceptions are related to their demographic characteristics and technological experience with computer use, 3D modeling, and video games. ResultsSeventy students completed the survey (87.5% response rate). Students rated natural teeth to have the highest educational value, the 3D printed tooth to be the most accessible, and the AR application to be the most interesting modality. Students who played little to no video games were more likely to rate AR as high educational value (48.8% vs. 10.3%; p < 0.001), while students with little 3D modeling experience were more likely to rate high accessibility of the 3D Model (78.1% vs. 48.3%; p < 0.001). No statistically significant associations between the perceptions and students’ demographic characteristics or use of computer were noted.ConclusionThe natural extracted tooth was rated highest in educational value, while the 3D printed model was rated easiest to use, and the AR model was the most interesting to the students.
Determination of honey adulterated with corn syrup by quantitative amplification of maize residual DNA using ultra‐rapid real‐time PCR
Authors: Truong A‐Tai , Kim Seonmi , Yoon Byoungsu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHoney is a naturally sweet syrup made by honeybees from floral nectar. However, high‐fructose corn syrup has been prevalently used for the adulteration of honey. A novel molecular method was developed for the characterization of corn syrup‐adulterated honey by specific amplification and quantification of maize residual DNA in honey. An ultra‐rapid real‐time polymerase chain reaction (UR‐qPCR) system for rapid amplification and protocol for direct purification of residual DNA from honey were described.RESULTSRapidity of maize DNA amplification was acquired within 20 min for a limit of detection of around three copies of targeted DNAs. The amplification of maize residual DNA in honeys adulterated with corn syrup from 5% to 80% (v/v) showed that a minimum rate of 10% adulteration can be identified, and Maize genomic DNA in 5 mL of adulterated honeys was from 13 ± 9 copies to 2478 ± 827 copies, respectively. However, the residual DNA of maize was also detected in natural honey produced in the region where pollen and nectar of maize were collected, and the quantity of maize genomic DNA in these natural honeys was in the range of 10% adulteration with corn syrup. Therefore, detection of both pollen and residual DNA of maize in honey is important in identifying the source of maize residual DNA present in honey.CONCLUSIONA rapid PCR assay was first developed for the accurate detection and quantification of maize residual DNA in honey. It is a useful tool for specific identification of the corn syrup used for honey adulteration. Further studies on residual DNA in various types of corn syrup and specificity of primer are recommended. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Defining High‐Quality Integrated Head and Neck Cancer Care Through a Composite Outcome Measure: Textbook Outcome
Authors: van der Heide Maurits F. J. , de Jel Dominique V. C. , Hoeijmakers Fieke , Hoebers Frank J. P. , de Boer Jan Paul , Hamming‐Vrieze Olga , Wouters Michel W. J. M. , Smeele Ludi E. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo further improve the quality of head and neck cancer (HNC) care, we developed a composite measure defined as “textbook outcome” (TO).MethodsWe analyzed a retrospective cohort of patients after curvative‐intent primary surgery, radiotherapy (RT), or chemoradiation (CRT) for HNC between 2015 and 2018 at the Netherlands Cancer Institute. TO was defined as 1) the start of treatment within 30 days, 2a) satisfactory pathologic outcomes, without 30‐day postoperative complications, for the surgically treated group, and 2b), for RT and CRT patients, no unexpected or prolonged hospitalization and toxicity after the completion of treatment as planned.ResultsIn total, 392 patients with HNC were included. An overall TO was achieved in 9.6% of patients after surgery, 20.6% after RT, and 2.2% after CRT. Two indicators (margins >5 mm and start treatment <30 days) reduced TO radically for both groups.ConclusionTO can aid the evaluation of the quality of care for HNC patients and guide improvement processes.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:78–87, 2022
Diffusion and kinetic modeling of water absorption process during soaking and cooking of chickpea
Authors: Bidkhori Parvin , Mohammadpour Karizaki Vahid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe chickpea soaking and cooking processes were empirically studied in terms of water absorption. The effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) and the convective mass transfer coefficient (K) were determined by developing a mathematical model in spherical coordinates. According to the evaluation of mass transfer parameters, the values of Deff and K ranged from 0.91 × 10−12 to 1.49 × 10−10 m2/s, and 2.02 × 10−10 to 7.25 × 10−10 m/s, respectively. Also, the kinetic behavior of chickpea during soaking and cooking was successfully modeled by the commonly used predictive models such as Peleg, Page, two‐term, and Vega–Lemus. The statistical parameters including the coefficient of determination (R2) and sum of square error (SSE) were applied for comparison of mathematical models. The two‐term model was found to be the best predictive equation for describing the soaking behavior of chickpea. In the case of cooking, a proposed model in this study was introduced as the best equation in predicting the moisture content of chickpea against time. The approach that was applied in this work can support the development of diffusion and kinetic modeling in different types of legumes during soaking, cooking, and the other processes related to moisture absorption or removal.
Recyclable Epoxy Resin via Simultaneous Dual Permanent/Reversible Crosslinking Based on Diels–Alder Chemistry
Authors: Puyadena Maddalen , Calafel Itxaso , González de San Román Estíbaliz , Martin Loli , González Alba , Irusta Lourdes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTaking advantage of the reversible Diels–Alder (DA) reaction, a simple strategy to obtain recyclable epoxy resins is presented. For this purpose, blends of furan‐functionalized and nonfunctionalized epoxy resin are prepared. After the addition of diamine and bismaleimide, blends are heated at 150 °C for 5 min, where the permanent amine/epoxy reaction has taken place and upon cooling to room temperature the reversible DA reaction has happened, giving rise to a dual permanent/nonpermanent network. Both reactions are confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and13C‐crosspolarization, magic‐angle spinning (CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) shows that the epoxy/amine and bismaleimide/amine curing reaction take place, after the DA reaction, simultaneously with the retroDA reaction and before the bismaleimide homopolymerization. Therefore, under the appropriate curing conditions, the Michael's addition and the bismaleimide homopolymerization do not avoid the formation of a hybrid network, as stated in other reports. The reversibility of the DA reaction in three consecutive cycles is confirmed by DSC. Finally, the dual‐cured sample is reprocessed three times without significant loss of mechanical properties.
The Superhydrophobic Fluorine‐Containing Material Prepared Through Biomimetic UV Lithography for Oil–Water Separation and Anti‐Bioadhesion
Authors: Yao Miao , Zhang Pingping , Nie Jun , He Yong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA series of fluorine‐containing UV‐curable prepolymers is synthesized to prepare fluorine‐containing lotus‐like biomimetic films through UV nanoimprint lithography technique. Because of the combination of low‐surface energy fluorine element and micro‐nano biomimetic structure, the UV‐cured films exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity and the maximum water contact angle of 172° is obtained. The prepared biomimetic superhydrophobic film is still robust even under dynamic condition; during the water dropping test, the water droplet can bounce ≈10 mm from the surface after dropping from a height of 25 mm. In addition, due to the excellent superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, the oil can spread rapidly after dropping on the obtained superhydrophobic surface and then highly efficient high oil–water separation ability can be achieved, which provides for high potential application on oil–water separation membranes. Furthermore, the biomimetic superhydrophobic films also show obvious anti‐bioadhesion, the adhered cell number on fluorine‐containing biomimetic surface is just ≈9% (the minimum value) of that on non‐fluorine non‐biomimetic surface.
Preparation of Cellulose Hydrogel Dressing with Evenly Dispersed Hydrophobic Drugs by Hydrogen Bonding and Encapsulation Methods
Authors: Xu Juan , Wang Henan , Jiang Lihui , Tao Yiou , Song Yan , Yu Shuling , Wang Ting , Feng Ningli 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA transparent cellulose‐based functional hydrogel dressing is prepared by hydrogen bonding interaction and encapsulation technique, which can uniformly disperse hydrophobic drugs and has the advantages of simple preparation, good biocompatibility, fast self‐healing ability, and slow drug release. Menthol, which is insoluble and irritating, is used as a model drug, encapsulated by ethylenediamine‐modified cyclodextrin, and then loaded onto a hydrogel dressing. The introduction of modified cyclodextrin not only improves the stability and solubility of menthol, but also makes the hydrophobic menthol uniformly dispersed in hydrophilic hydrogel dressing, and the large amount of hydrogen bonding can enable rapid hydrogel generation. In addition, the microstructure, swelling, biocompatibility and drug loading properties of the hydrogel are investigated, and the results show that the hydrogel has good prospects for application in the field of wound dressings.
Red Drum and Spotted Seatrout Live-Release Tournament Mortality and Dispersal
Authors: Nelson T. Reid , Hightower Crystal L. , Powers Sean P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although catch-and-release fishing tournaments undoubtedly reduce mortality of target species, postrelease mortality and fish stockpiling at release sites remain common concerns related to these tournaments. The impacts of live-release tournaments on freshwater species have been widely studied. However, research on estuarine sport fishes is lacking even though catch-and-release tournaments targeting these species are prevalent and popular recreational fisheries exist. Therefore, we estimated the post-weigh-in mortality and dispersal of Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus and Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus released from the 2016–2018 Alabama Deep Sea Fishing Rodeo live-weigh-in categories using acoustic telemetry. To concurrently estimate overall post-weigh-in mortality and dispersal, we used a Bayesian multistate model. Overall Red Drum post-weigh-in mortality (median = 6.12%; posterior credible interval [CrI] = 5.67–9.24%) was lower than overall Spotted Seatrout mortality (median = 30.63%; CrI = 26.74–40.00%). These estimates were within reported catch-and-release mortality ranges; however, they were higher than recent estimates for Spotted Seatrout. Within 1 week postrelease, Spotted Seatrout dispersal estimates (median = 87.03%; CrI = 72.96–95.72%) were higher than Red Drum (median = 55.62%; CrI = 42.75–68.10%) or Micropterus spp. in coastal and inland ecosystems. Long-term stockpiling at the release site was also not present; at the end of our 8-week observation period, median dispersal estimates were 94.41% (CrI = 87.15–98.19%) and 98.54% (CrI = 93.68–99.82%) for Red Drum and Spotted Seatrout, respectively. Red Drum fisheries may benefit most from live-release tournaments given that maximum mortality was &lt;10%, but Spotted Seatrout fisheries may also benefit, especially if considerations are made to further reduce tournament mortality. Although we do not know the ratio of tournament mortality to recreational harvest for these species, live-release tournaments may be able to relieve some harvest pressure on heavily exploited inshore marine fisheries and research validating their usefulness should continue.
Improved estimation of myelin water fractions with learned parameter distributions
Authors: Li Yudu , Xiong Jiahui , Guo Rong , Zhao Yibo , Li Yao , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo improve estimation of myelin water fraction (MWF) in the brain from multi‐echo gradient‐echo imaging data.MethodsA systematic sensitivity analysis was first conducted to characterize the conventional exponential models used for MWF estimation. A new estimation method was then proposed for improved estimation of MWF from practical gradient‐echo imaging data. The proposed method uses an extended signal model that includes a finite impulse response filter to compensate for practical signal variations. This new model also enables the use of prelearned parameter distributions as well as low‐rank signal structures to improve parameter estimation. The resulting parameter estimation problem was solved optimally in the Bayesian sense.ResultsOur sensitivity analysis results showed that the conventional exponential models were very sensitive to measurement noise and modeling errors. Our simulation and experimental results showed that our proposed method provided a substantial improvement in reliability, reproducibility, and robustness of MWF estimates over the conventional methods. Clinical results obtained from stroke patients indicated that the proposed method, with its improved capability, could reveal the loss of myelin in lesions, demonstrating its translational potentials.ConclusionThis paper addressed the problem of robust MWF estimation from gradient‐echo imaging data. A new method was proposed to provide improved MWF estimation in the presence of significant noise and modeling errors. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated using both simulated and experimental data, showing significantly improved robustness over the existing methods. The proposed method may prove useful for quantitative myelin imaging in clinical applications.
Post‐processing algorithms for specific absorption rate compression
Authors: Orzada Stephan , Fiedler Thomas M. , Quick Harald H. , Ladd Mark E. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeCompression of local specific absorption rate (SAR) matrices is essential for enabling SAR monitoring and efficient pulse calculation in parallel transmission. Improvements in compression result in lower error margin and/or lower number of virtual observation points (VOPs). The purpose of this work is to introduce two algorithms for post‐processing of already compressed VOP sets. One calculates individual overestimation matrices for the VOPs to reduce overestimation, the other identifies redundant VOPs.MethodsThe first algorithm was evaluated for VOP sets calculated for three different transmit arrays with either 8 or 16 channels. For each array, two different overestimation matrices were used to generate the VOP sets. Each post‐processed VOP set was evaluated using one million random excitation vectors and the results compared to the VOP set before post‐processing. The second algorithm was evaluated by utilizing the same random excitation vectors and comparing the results after removal of the redundant VOPs with the results before removal to verify that these were identical.ResultsThe first algorithm reduced the mean overestimation by up to four fifths compared to the original set, while keeping the number of VOPs constant. The second algorithm decreased the number of VOPs generated by a compression with Eichfelder and Gebhardt’s algorithm by more than 40% in 40% of the investigated cases and by more than 20% in 73% of the investigated cases.ConclusionTwo post‐processing algorithms are presented that enhance previously compressed VOP sets by improving the accuracy per number of VOPs.