bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and tribological properties of WC-12Ni/Cu composite coating prepared by laser cladding on 45 steel surface
Authors: Zhang Fulong , Zhang Junquan , Ping Lu , Wentao Zhang , Liu Shuangyu , Chuanjin Huang , Qiushi Zhang , Cui Bo , Binhua Wang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To reduce the amount of copper used and improve the service life of the copper layer in the plunger pair of a plunger pump, Ni15 was chosen as the transition layer to assist in the laser cladding preparation of copper-steel composite materials. WC-12Ni powder was mixed into Cu powder at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 wt%, and different compositions of cladding layers were prepared using laser cladding technology. The microstructure of the cladding layers was analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The microhardness of the composite coatings was tested using microhardness Vickers (MHV), and the tribological performance of the composite coatings was evaluated using the friction and wear testing machine (F&WM). The results showed that, in terms of microstructure, element diffusion occurred around the WC particles, and partial dissolution of WC particles at their sharp corners led to the formation of new compounds with other elements. Additionally, WC particles contributed to the refinement of the microstructure. In terms of performance, the microhardness of the composite coatings increased with the increase in WC-12Ni content, reaching a maximum of 412.5 HV0.1 when the content was 25 wt%. Regarding tribological properties, the composite coating with 20 wt% WC-12Ni exhibited excellent friction-reducing properties, with a stable coefficient of friction of 0.53. Both the 20 wt% and 25 wt% WC-12Ni composite coatings demonstrated good wear resistance, with wear rates of 4.4 × 10−4 mg/ N·m.
Carbon footprint heterogeneity across elderly groups in China
Authors: Wang Yunyue , Wang Yafei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Assessing the elderly’s environmental impact is crucial as aging deepens. This paper incorporates age heterogeneity and urban-rural heterogeneity within the elderly into the study of aging’s impact on the environment, dividing the elderly population into four subgroups. Utilizing an environmentally extended multi-region input-output(EE-MRIO) model and data from 12,000 households, the carbon footprints of four subgroups was calculated. Findings reveal significant urban-rural and age-related heterogeneities in carbon emissions among those aged 60 and above. Urban elderly have higher per capita carbon footprints than rural elderly, and ‘the younger elderly’ have higher footprints than ‘the oldest old’. This heterogeneity extends to carbon footprint’s distribution: Urban elderly lean towards enjoyable consumption, while rural elderly prioritize survival. ‘The younger elderly’ have a greater carbon footprint from transport. This paper nests Chinese and global EE-MRIO, showing that global economies are more impacted by China’s elderly demand than mainland China itself. Furthermore, urban-rural structure has a greater impact on global carbon emissions compared to age structures.
Heat transfer optimization using silver nanoparticle-stabilized nanofluids in copper heat pipes: comparative analysis of stabilizing agents
Authors: Elumalai Sivakumar , Kadamban Manikandan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the thermal performance of copper heat pipes filled with surface-modified silver nanoparticle-stabilized nanofluids. The aim was to assess the effect of different nanoparticle surface chemistries on key heat transfer parameters such as thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient (HTC). Five silver nanofluids stabilized by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), Branched Polyethyleneimine (bPEI), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Citrate, and Lipoic Acid were evaluated under heat inputs ranging from 50 W to 90 W and filling ratios of 60% and 70%. K-type thermocouples were used to measure temperature, from which thermal resistance and HTC were calculated. The bPEI-stabilized nanofluid demonstrated the best performance, reducing thermal resistance from 0.0540 °C/W at 50 W to 0.0420 °C/W at 90 W, while increasing HTC from 1680 W/m2 °C to 2320 W/m2 °C. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) confirmed that higher filling ratios and heat inputs significantly enhanced heat transfer. These findings highlight the potential of surface-modified silver nanofluids to improve thermal management systems, particularly in high heat flux applications. Further research is suggested to explore long-term stability and the scalability of these nanofluids for industrial use.
Forehead Lift With Cross-frontal Scalp Anchorage
Authors: Gencer Mehmet , Sağlam Yunus , Tatar Burak Ergün , Kerem Metin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Over the past decade, facial aesthetics has gained popularity, with a notable increase in upper facelift procedures. Despite the popularity of brows and forehead lifts, the optimal fixation technique remains controversial. Common methods involve suturing of the temporal fascia or using monocortical miniscrews anchored to the frontal bone. Other options include the use of microscrews, percutaneous fixation posts, Kirschner wires, Mitek anchors, Endotine devices, bone tunnels, miniplates, and fibrin glue.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to present a method in which pulling force is transmitted directly to the brow/forehead skin through subperiosteal dissection, utilizing the scalp as a suspension point.

Methods
This retrospective study included 129 patients who underwent surgery between May 2022 and June 2023. Patients with less than 12 months of follow-up, irregular follow-up, or a history of botulinum toxin or brow contouring were excluded. Preoperative and 12-month postoperative photographs were evaluated with the Brow Positioning Grading Scale.

Results
No persistent dimples were observed; on average, dimples resolved within 4 weeks. Postoperative edema, erythema, and bruising resolved within 6 days. Complications, including chemosis, stitch-site infections, muscle weakness, paresthesia, and asymmetry, were all resolved. Significant improvements in eyebrow height and Brow Positioning Grading Scale scores were noted at the 12-month follow-up visit.

Conclusions
This technique offers a natural upper face rejuvenation option that is particularly suitable for patients with lower brow positions or of advanced age.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
Online-adjusted evolutionary biclustering algorithm to identify significant modules in gene expression data
Authors: Galindo-Hernández Raúl , Rodríguez-Vázquez Katya , Galán-Vásquez Edgardo , Hernández Castellanos Carlos Ignacio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Analyzing gene expression data helps the identification of significant biological relationships in genes. With a growing number of open biological datasets available, it is paramount to use reliable and innovative methods to perform in-depth analyses of biological data and ensure that informed decisions are made based on accurate information. Evolutionary algorithms have been successful in the analysis of biological datasets. However, there is still room for improvement, and further analysis should be conducted. In this work, we propose Online-Adjusted EVOlutionary Biclustering algorithm (OAEVOB), a novel evolutionary-based biclustering algorithm that efficiently handles vast gene expression data. OAEVOB incorporates an online-adjustment feature that efficiently identifies significant groups by updating the mutation probability and crossover parameters. We utilize measurements such as Pearson correlation, distance correlation, biweight midcorrelation, and mutual information to assess the similarity of genes in the biclusters. Algorithms in the specialized literature do not address generalization to diverse gene expression sources. Therefore, to evaluate OAEVOB’s performance, we analyzed six gene expression datasets obtained from diverse sequencing data sources, specifically Deoxyribonucleic Acid microarray, Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) sequencing, and single-cell RNA sequencing, which are subject to a thorough examination. OAEVOB identified significant broad gene expression biclusters with correlations greater than $0.5$ across all similarity measurements employed. Additionally, when biclusters are evaluated by functional enrichment analysis, they exhibit biological functions, suggesting that OAEVOB effectively identifies biclusters with specific cancer and tissue-related genes in the analyzed datasets. We compared the OAEVOB’s performance with state-of-the-art methods and outperformed them showing robustness to noise, overlapping, sequencing data sources, and gene coverage.
Towards simplified graph neural networks for identifying cancer driver genes in heterophilic networks
Authors: Li Xingyi , Xu Jialuo , Li Junming , Gu Jia , Shang Xuequn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The identification of cancer driver genes is crucial for understanding the complex processes involved in cancer development, progression, and therapeutic strategies. Multi-omics data and biological networks provided by numerous databases enable the application of graph deep learning techniques that incorporate network structures into the deep learning framework. However, most existing methods do not account for the heterophily in the biological networks, which hinders the improvement of model performance. Meanwhile, feature confusion often arises in models based on graph neural networks in such graphs. To address this, we propose a Simplified Graph neural network for identifying Cancer Driver genes in heterophilic networks (SGCD), which comprises primarily two components: a graph convolutional neural network with representation separation and a bimodal feature extractor. The results demonstrate that SGCD not only performs exceptionally well but also exhibits robust discriminative capabilities compared to state-of-the-art methods across all benchmark datasets. Moreover, subsequent interpretability experiments on both the model and biological aspects provide compelling evidence supporting the reliability of SGCD. Additionally, the model can dissect gene modules, revealing clearer connections between driver genes in cancers. We are confident that SGCD holds potential in the field of precision oncology and may be applied to prognosticate biomarkers for a wide range of complex diseases.
Acoustical modeling and analysis of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell stack anode exhaust gas from the perspective of ultrasound testing
Authors: Yao Naiyuan , Ma Tiancai , Lin Weikang , Li Ruitao , Du Chang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells are widely utilized in transportation and stationary power generation applications due to their high energy conversion efficiency, substantial power density, and zero emissions. To address the requirements for internal status monitoring and hydrogen purge management in the hydrogen supply subsystem of automotive fuel cell systems, this paper proposes an innovative online monitoring scheme for real-time measurement of the anode exhaust mixture concentration from the fuel cell stack, utilizing an ultrasonic flowmeter. This scheme offers high measurement accuracy, short sampling intervals, simple configuration, and low cost. An acoustic analysis model of the anode exhaust gas was developed to systematically evaluate the influence of environmental parameters such as temperature, pressure, and humidity on the ultrasonic flowmeter’s measurement. Additionally, an ultrasonic flowmeter prototype was constructed based on this acoustic model, and the accuracy of its flow rate and concentration measurements was validated using standard gases. The results indicate that, without a humidity sensor, the absolute error in hydrogen concentration can reach 7 vol%, while the absolute error in nitrogen concentration can exceed 11 vol%. Therefore, integrating additional sensors is essential for improving the accuracy of concentration calculations for the anode exhaust gas components. The relative error in flow measurement with the ultrasonic flowmeter prototype is consistently below 5%, and the absolute error in concentration measurements is less than 1%, reflecting the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. Furthermore, this paper outlines a calculation method for converting sensor feedback into the mass flow rates of individual gas components in the mixture. This work offers a novel theoretical and practical framework for enhancing real-time internal status monitoring and hydrogen purge management in fuel cell systems, which is expected to significantly improve the reliability, stability, and fuel economy of automotive fuel cell systems in the future.
The future of industrial hydrogen: renewable sources and applications for the next 15 years
Authors: Behrendt Frank 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the potential industrial applications of hydrogen produced from renewable sources, focusing on anticipated advancements and adoption over the next 15 years. With the global shift toward defossilation, renewable hydrogen presents a compelling solution to reduce industrial greenhouse gas emissions. The article examines various production methods, cost projections, technological challenges, and key industries that will benefit from renewable hydrogen integration. Renewable hydrogen is anticipated to play a critical role in industrial defossilation over the next 15 years. As industries and governments seek to meet climate targets, hydrogen’s versatility as a fuel and feedstock positions it well for applications across various sectors, including heavy industry, transportation, and power generation. Challenges remain in cost, efficiency, and infrastructure, but ongoing advancements in electrolysis technology and supportive policies are expected to drive down costs. Successful deployment will also depend on international collaboration, regulatory frameworks, and public acceptance. The case studies and pilot projects highlighted in this paper provide evidence of the promising future for renewable hydrogen in industrial applications.
Numerical investigation on leakage characteristics of labyrinth seal for cavitation flow in the liquid hydrogen piston pump
Authors: Ren Hongyu , Wu Wei , Yang Shaoqi , Xie Xiujuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Based on the thermodynamically modified Zwart cavitation model, a two-dimensional theoretical cavitation flow model of the labyrinth seal between the piston and cylinder in a liquid hydrogen piston pump is established and verified. The influence of cavitation on the pressure distribution along the clearance seal, which reduces the leakage rate, is analyzed. The influence of input pressure and degree of subcooling on the cavitation flow is discussed. Higher inlet pressure and degree of subcooling can diminish the sealing effect between cavitation and liquid-phase flows. Furthermore, the leakage rates for clearance and labyrinth seals with 20- to 60-μm sealing gap are compared. When the sealing gap is no less than 30 μm, the labyrinth sealing effect is superior to clearance seal. Finally, the leakage rates of labyrinth seals with three cavity structures—square, curve, and triangle—are simulated. The sealing effects are ordered as follows: square labyrinth cavity, curved labyrinth cavity, and triangular labyrinth cavity. The sealing effect is preferred when the optimal length-to-width ratio of the square cavity is around 5.0. The studies are further helpful to decrease the leakage rate of labyrinth seals and enhance volumetric efficiency in liquid hydrogen piston pump.
Performance of a syngas-fed solid oxide fuel cell power generation module
Authors: Wang Yanchao , Yang Xia , Yao Jinsong , Li Wenxiao , Hao Guozheng , Li Chufu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells are efficient and environmentally friendly energy-generating devices, where chemical energy is directly converted into electrical energy through the electrochemical reaction of the gases within the fuel cell. In this study, an electrochemical model was implemented in Aspen Plus to analyze the power generation performance of a 1-kW stack under various temperature and gas conditions. The design parameters for the 20-kW power generation module were determined, and the power generation performance of this module was examined. The results indicate that, when using hydrogen (H2), the current density of each tower was 3625 A·m−2, corresponding to a fuel utilization rate of 80%, with the total power output of the module reaching 20.40 kW. In contrast, when using syngas, the voltage and power output of the module decreased. Furthermore, with a current density of 3500 A·m−2 per tower, the total power output was 19.73 kW. Finally, varying the mole ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide (H2:CO) from 2.6 to 3.4 had a negligible effect on the voltage output when the mole ratio of steam to carbon monoxide (H2O:CO) was maintained at 1:1 and the current density was 3375 A·m−2.
DNA Sequencing in Newborn Screening: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Jeanne Médéric , Chung Wendy K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Newborn screening is a public health system designed to identify infants at risk for conditions early in life to facilitate timely intervention and treatment to prevent or mitigate adverse health outcomes. Newborn screening programs use tandem mass spectrometry as a platform to detect several treatable inborn errors of metabolism, and the T-cell receptor excision circle assay to detect some inborn errors of the immune system. Recent advancements in DNA sequencing have decreased the cost of sequencing and allow us to consider DNA sequencing as an additional platform to complement other newborn screening methods.

Content
This review provides an overview of DNA-based newborn screening, including its applications, opportunities, challenges, and future directions. We discuss the potential benefits of expanded DNA sequencing in newborn screening, such as expanding conditions screened and improved specificity and sensitivity of currently screened conditions. Additionally, we examine the ethical, legal, and social implications of implementing genomic sequencing in newborn screening programs, including issues related to consent, privacy, equity, data interpretation, scalability, and psychosocial impact on families. Additionally, we explore emerging strategies for addressing current limitations and advancing the field of newborn screening.

Summary
DNA sequencing in newborn screening has the potential to improve the diagnosis and management of rare diseases but also presents significant challenges that need to be addressed before implementation at the population level.
Structural Variation Interpretation in the Genome Sequencing Era: Lessons from Cytogenetics
Authors: Pizzo Lucilla , Rudd M Katharine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Structural variation (SV), defined as balanced and unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements &gt;1 kb, is a major contributor to germline and neoplastic disease. Large variants have historically been evaluated by chromosome analysis and now are commonly recognized by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). The increasing application of genome sequencing (GS) in the clinic and the relatively high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in sick newborns and children highlights the need for accurate SV interpretation and reporting. In this review, we describe SV patterns of common cytogenetic abnormalities for laboratorians who review GS data.

Content
GS has the potential to detect diverse chromosomal abnormalities and sequence breakpoint junctions to clarify variant structure. No single GS analysis pipeline can detect all SV, and visualization of sequence data is crucial to recognize specific patterns. Here we describe genomic signatures of translocations, inverted duplications adjacent to terminal deletions, recombinant chromosomes, marker chromosomes, ring chromosomes, isodicentric and isochromosomes, and mosaic aneuploidy. Distinguishing these more complex abnormalities from simple deletions and duplications is critical for phenotypic interpretation and recurrence risk recommendations.

Summary
Unlike single-nucleotide variant calling, identification of chromosome rearrangements by GS requires further processing and multiple callers. SV databases have caveats and limitations depending on the platform (CMA vs sequencing) and resolution (exome vs genome). In the rapidly evolving era of clinical genomics, where a single test can identify both sequence and structural variants, optimal patient care stems from the integration of molecular and cytogenetic expertise.
Standardization of Genomic Nomenclature across a Diverse Ecosystem of Stakeholders: Evolution and Challenges
Authors: Conlin Laura K , Landrum Melissa J , Freimuth Robert R , Funke Birgit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Genetic testing has traditionally been divided into molecular genetics and cytogenetics, originally driven by the use of different assays and their associated limitations. Cytogenetic technologies such as karyotyping, fluorescent in situ hybridization or chromosomal microarrays are used to detect large “megabase level” copy number variants and other structural variants such as inversions or translocations. In contrast, molecular methodologies are heavily biased toward subgenic “small variants” such as single nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, and targeted detection of intragenic, exon level deletions or duplications. The boundaries between these approaches are now increasingly blurred as next-generation sequencing technologies and their use for genome-wide analysis are used by both disciplines, therefore eliminating the historic and somewhat artificial separation driven by variant type.

Content
This review discusses the history of genomic nomenclature across both fields, summarizes implementation challenges for the clinical genetics community, and identifies key considerations for enabling a seamless connection of the stakeholders that consume variant descriptions.

Summary
Standardization is naturally a lengthy and complex process that requires consensus building between different stakeholders. Developing a standard that not only fits the multitude of needs across the entities that consume genetic variant information but also works equally well for all genetic variant types is an ambitious goal that calls for revisiting this vision.
Friendshoring in global food supply chains
Authors: Khadka Savin , Gopinath Munisamy , Batarseh Feras A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the last decade, climate change, Covid-19, and several international conflicts have created significant disruptions to global and regional supply chains, leading to a re-evaluation of the benefits of globalisation. Modelling food trade as network graphs, this study spotlights the effects of these shocks, on the structure, flow and evolution of food supply chains. Network centrality measures show substantial changes in the influence exerted by China, Russia, and the United States, among others. Using machine learning, community detection and global metrics such as clustering further detail the structural changes in the trade network. Differences between systemic and idiosyncratic shocks are also discussed.