bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural similarities and differences in lay theories of altruism: Replication of Carlson and Zaki (2018) in a Japanese sample
Authors: Kawamura Yuta , Sasaki Shusaku , Kusumi Takashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have confirmed that some benefits related to prosocial acts (e.g., tax reduction for charitable donation) can influence how the prosocial acts are perceived by others. Carlson and Zaki (2018) systematically investigated how altruism perceived by observers is influenced by self‐oriented benefits (material, social, and emotional benefits) that actors received (consequences) or expected to receive before acting (motives) in an American sample. Their experiments showed that prosocial acts with material and social benefits were perceived as less altruistic than those with other‐oriented benefits. Additionally, prosocial acts motivated by self‐oriented benefits (material, social, or emotional benefits) were perceived as less altruistic than those with other‐oriented motives. To examine the generalisability of those results, the present study replicated Carlson and Zaki (2018) in a Japanese sample. In general, the present study successfully replicated the original results. However, there were three differences: (a) Japanese individuals considered altruistic behaviours with social benefits equally altruistic as prosocial acts with other‐oriented benefits, (b) Japanese individuals considered prosocial acts motivated by emotional benefits as not altruistic, and (c) by default, Japanese individuals tended to see others as selfish. The origins of these cultural differences are discussed.
Risk of atrial fibrillation is increased in patients with exfoliation syndrome: the Utah project on exfoliation syndrome (UPEXS)
Authors: Wirostko Barbara M. , Curtin Karen , Taylor Samuel C. , Paulson Chase , Pompoco Christian , Besch Brian M. , Ranjan Ravi , Ritch Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeExfoliation syndrome, a systemic disorder with ocular manifestations, is associated with lysyl oxidase‐like gene variants. Along with transforming growth factor beta‐1, lysyl oxidase‐like 1 is a key enzyme in stabilizing extracellular matrix and remodelling collagen/elastin. Given the role that transforming growth factor beta‐1, lysyl oxidase‐like gene variants and fibrosis play in atrial fibrillation, an association with exfoliation syndrome was investigated.MethodsAn exfoliation syndrome cohort of 2803 patients and an atrial fibrillation cohort of 43 694 patients aged 60–90 years at disease onset were identified using the Utah Population Database (1996–2015). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate risk of atrial fibrillation in exfoliation syndrome patients and risk of exfoliation syndrome in atrial fibrillation patients compared with respective 5:1 sex‐ and age‐matched control cohorts. Kaplan–Meier curves were examined to assess survival in atrial fibrillation patients by exfoliation syndrome status.ResultsExfoliation syndrome patients had a 21% greater risk (95% CI 1.06–1.37; p < 0.0001) of atrial fibrillation. This was more pronounced in exfoliation syndrome patients with no hypertension history, who exhibited a 52% increased atrial fibrillation risk (95% CI 1.27–1.82; p < 0.0001). Atrial fibrillation patients exhibited a 20% increased risk of exfoliation syndrome (95% CI 1.07–1.35; p = 0.003), while atrial fibrillation patients with no hypertension had a 72% higher exfoliation risk (95% CI 1.45–2.03; p < 0.0001). Atrial fibrillation patients with exfoliation syndrome had a higher estimated probability of survival (alive at study end or at last follow‐up) compared with patients with no exfoliation history (p < 0.0001, log‐rank test).ConclusionsExfoliation syndrome patients were at a statistically significant increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Similarly, atrial fibrillation patients were at a statistically significant higher risk of exfoliation, particularly when hypertension history was absent.
Decolonizing health care: Challenges of cultural and epistemic pluralism in medical decision‐making with Indigenous communities
Authors: Cohen‐Fournier Sara Marie , Brass Gregory , Kirmayer Laurence J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada made it clear that understanding the historical, social, cultural, and political landscape that shapes the relationships between Indigenous peoples and social institutions, including the health care system, is crucial to achieving social justice. How to translate this recognition into more equitable health policy and practice remains a challenge. In particular, there is limited understanding of ways to respond to situations in which conventional practices mandated by the state and regulated by its legal apparatus come into direct conflict with the values and autonomy of Indigenous individuals, communities, and nations. In this paper, we consider two cases of conflict between Indigenous and biomedical perspectives to clarify some of the competing values. We argue for the importance of person‐ and people‐centered approaches to health care. These value conflicts must be understood at multiple levels to clarify their personal, social, cultural, and political dimensions. Taking into account the divergence between epistemic cultures and communities allows us to understand the multiple narratives deployed in decision‐making processes in clinical, community, and juridical contexts. Recognizing the knowledge claims of Indigenous peoples in health care can help clinicians avoid reinforcing the divides created by the structural and institutional legacy of colonialism. This analysis also provides ways to adjudicate conflicts in health care decision‐making by disentangling cultural, political, medical, and pragmatic issues to allow for respectful dialogue. Insofar as the engagement with cultural pluralism in health care rights is conducted with reciprocal recognition, the medical community and Indigenous peoples can address together the difficult question of how to integrate different epistemic cultures in the health care system.
Protocol versus practice: Deviations from guidelines in low‐risk twin deliveries in the United States
Authors: Morris Julia M. , Bertotti Andrea M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedical guidelines recommend vaginal delivery for low‐risk twin pregnancies because cesareans increase the probability of maternal morbidity and mortality. Yet, vaginal delivery rates for twins are considerably lower than for comparable singletons. One explanation for this disparity argues that greater risk associated with twins warrants increased surgical intervention. An alternative explanation is that twin deliveries are more likely to deviate from protocols that advise vaginal birth.MethodsUsing the 2017 Natality Detail File (N = 3,197,401), we measured alignment of vaginal birth and trial of labor (TOL) with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ guidelines for twin and singleton no‐indicated‐risk births. We calculated predicted probabilities for the population and by maternal race/ethnicity to assess whether low rates of vaginal births among twins are explained by associated risk factors, or by deviations from recommended delivery methods.ResultsOverall, 31.2% of twins were born vaginally compared with 79.4% of singletons. Controlling for indicated risks, the predicted probability of vaginal birth for twins was 0.49 and 0.85 for singletons. The predicted probability of TOL for twins was 0.18 and 0.47 for singletons. Maternal race/ethnicity was only weakly associated with mode of delivery. These findings indicate that no‐indicated‐risk twin pregnancies, across maternal racial/ethnic categories, have lower probabilities of vaginal birth and TOL than would be expected with widespread adherence to current guidelines.ConclusionsGiven the life‐threatening consequences that may result from unnecessary surgical procedures, our findings highlight the need for further research to illuminate medical and nonmedical mechanisms driving nonadherence to clinical guidelines for twin births.
Heart rate variability associated with acute exercise challenge in children with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Kienzle Stephan L. , Rodeghier Mark , Liem Robert I. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWe examined heart rate variability (HRV) during exercise testing in 20 children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and 12 controls. Subjects achieved lower median HRV at peak exercise [standard deviation of R‐wave to R‐wave intervals (SDNN), 2·3 vs 2·9 ms, P = 0·027; logarithmic transformation of high frequency power (lnHF), 0·9 vs 1·3 ln(ms2), P = 0·047] and had lower post‐exercise HRV across minute‐by‐minute analysis of recovery. After adjustment for haemoglobin, fitness and SCA status, subjects had lower HRV at the end of recovery with differences increasing as baseline HRV increased. Further investigation of HRV and exercise safety in SCA is warranted.
Prognostic heterogeneity of adult B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients with t(1;19)(q23;p13)/TCF3‐PBX1 treated with measurable residual disease‐oriented protocols
Authors: Ribera Jordi , Granada Isabel , Morgades Mireia , González Teresa , Ciudad Juana , Such Esperanza , Calasanz María‐José , Mercadal Santiago , Coll Rosa , González‐Campos José , Tormo Mar , García‐Cadenas Irene , Gil Cristina , Cervera Marta , Barba Pere , Costa Dolors , Ayala Rosa , Bermúdez Arancha , Orfao Alberto , Ribera Josep‐Maria ,   the Programa para el Tratamiento de Hemopatias Malignas (PETHEMA) Group (Spanish Society of Hematology, SEHH)
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe prognosis of t(1;19)(q23;p13)/transcription factor 3‐pre‐B‐cell leukaemia homeobox 1 (TCF3‐PBX1) in adolescent and adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated with measurable residual disease (MRD)‐oriented trials remains controversial. In the present study, we analysed the outcome of adolescent and adult patients with t(1;19)(q23;p13) enrolled in paediatric‐inspired trials. The patients with TCF3‐PBX1 showed similar MRD clearance and did not have different survival compared with other B‐cell precursor ALL patients. However, patients with TCF3‐PBX1 had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of relapse, especially among patients aged ≥35 years carrying additional cytogenetic alterations. These patients might benefit from additional/intensified therapy (e.g. immunotherapy in first complete remission with or without subsequent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation).
Dynamic biomarker and imaging changes from a phase II study of pre‐ and post‐surgical sunitinib
Authors: Welsh Sarah J. , Thompson Nicola , Warren Anne , Priest Andrew N. , Barrett Tristan , Ursprung Stephan , Gallagher Ferdia A. , Zaccagna Fulvio , Stewart Grant D. , Fife Kate M. , Matakidou Athena , Machin Andrea J. , Qian Wendi , Ingleson Victoria , Mullin Jean , Riddick Antony C. P. , Armitage James N. , Connolly Stephen , Eisen Timothy G. Q. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo explore translational biological and imaging biomarkers for sunitinib treatment before and after debulking nephrectomy in the NeoSun (European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database [EudraCT] number: 2005‐004502‐82) single‐centre, single‐arm, single‐agent, Phase II trial.Patients and MethodsTreatment‐naïve patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) received 50 mg once daily sunitinib for 12 days pre‐surgically, then post‐surgery on 4 week‐on, 2 week‐off, repeating 6‐week cycles until disease progression in a single arm phase II trial. Structural and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnet resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) and research blood sampling were performed at baseline and after 12 days. Computed tomography imaging was performed at baseline and post‐surgery then every two cycles. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors [RECIST]) excluding the resected kidney. Secondary endpoints included changes in DCE‐MRI of the tumour following pre‐surgery sunitinib, overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), response duration, surgical morbidity/mortality, and toxicity. Translational and imaging endpoints were exploratory.ResultsA total of 14 patients received pre‐surgery sunitinib, 71% (10/14) took the planned 12 doses. All underwent nephrectomy, and 13 recommenced sunitinib postoperatively. In all, 58.3% (seven of 12) of patients achieved partial or complete response (PR or CR) (95% confidence interval 27.7–84.8%). The median OS was 33.7 months and median PFS was 15.7 months. Amongst those achieving a PR or CR, the median response duration was 8.7 months. No unexpected surgical complications, sunitinib‐related toxicities, or surgical delays occurred. Within the translational endpoints, pre‐surgical sunitinib significantly increased necrosis, and reduced cluster of differentiation‐31 (CD31), Ki67, circulating vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C), and transfer constant (KTrans, measured using DCE‐MRI; all P < 0.05). There was a trend for improved OS in patients with high baseline plasma VEGF‐C expression (P = 0.02). Reduction in radiological tumour volume after pre‐surgical sunitinib correlated with high percentage of solid tumour components at baseline (Spearman’s coefficient ρ = 0.69, P = 0.02). Conversely, the percentage tumour volume reduction correlated with lower baseline percentage necrosis (coefficient = −0.51, P = 0.03).ConclusionNeoadjuvant studies such as the NeoSun can safely and effectively explore translational biological and imaging endpoints.
Lack of efficacy of mono‐mode of action therapeutics in COVID‐19 therapy ‐ How the lack of predictive power of preclinical cell and animal studies leads developments astray
Authors: Haberland Annekathrin , Müller Johannes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe diverse experiences regarding the failure of tested drugs in the fight against COVID‐19 made it clear that one should at least question the requirement to apply classical preclinical development strategies that demand cell and animal efficacy models to be tested before going into clinical trials. Most animals are not susceptible to infection with SARS‐CoV‐2, and so this led to one‐sided virus replication experiments in cells and the use of animal models that have little in common with the complex pathogenesis of COVID‐19 in humans. Therefore, non‐clinical development strategies were designed to meet regulatory requirements, but they did not truly reflect the situation in the clinic. This has led the search for effective agents astray in many cases. As proof of this statement, we now bring together the results of such required preclinical experiments and compare with the results in clinical trials. Two clear conclusions that can be drawn from the experience to date: The required preclinical models are unsuitable for the development of innovative treatments medical devices in the case of COVID‐19 and mono‐action strategies (e.g. direct antivirals) are of very little or no benefit to patients under randomized,blinded conditions. Our hypothesis is that the complex situation of COVID‐19 may benefit from multi‐mode drugs. Here, the molecular class of aptamers could be a solution.
An empirical test of prototype and revisionist models of attachment stability and change from middle childhood to adolescence: A 6‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Waters Theodore E. A. , Yang Rui , Finet Chloë , Verhees Martine W. F. T. , Bosmans Guy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe examined the prototype v. revisionist models of attachment stability with a five‐wave, 6‐year, longitudinal study of attachment security from middle childhood to adolescence in a White Western European sample (N = 157; Wave 1 Mage = 10.91, SD = 0.87; 52% female). Attachment was assessed using both questionnaire (Experiences in Close Relationships) and narrative‐based measures (Attachment Script Assessment). In addition, a set of potential moderators of prototype‐like stability were examined. Results indicated that data from both attachment assessments best fit the prototype model. Moderator analyses indicated that male sex significantly undermined the influence of an attachment prototype and parent‐child conflict and parental divorce enhanced the influence of an attachment prototype on stability.
Immediate implant placement combining socket seal abutment and peri‐implant socket filling: A prospective case series
Authors: Lilet Romane , Desiron Martin , Finelle Gary , Lecloux Geoffrey , Seidel Laurence , Lambert France 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective case series was to assess the implant outcomes as well as hard and soft tissue dimensional changes of immediate implant placement in posterior sites using a custom‐made sealing socket abutment (SSA) combined to peri‐implant socket filling (PISF).Material and methodsTwenty patients were considered for single extraction and immediate implant in upper or lower posterior regions. The remaining peri‐implant sockets were filled with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral. Based on intra‐oral scans (IOS), custom‐made SSAs were placed the same day. Implant survival rate, peri‐implant bone changes, peri‐implant health and pink esthetic score (PES) were recorded up to 1 year post‐implant placement. Moreover, CBCT and IOS were performed to monitor hard and soft tissue dimensional changes.ResultsOne implant failed to osseointegrate leading to an implant survival rate of 95% after 1 year. Peri‐implant bone changes yielded 0.19 ± 0.31 mm and 84.2% of the implants displayed no or mild bleeding on probing. Horizontal bone remodeling was not significant from baseline to 1 year at any levels. Finally, soft tissue profile was stable in the most cervical area while minor changes occurred during the first 6 months below the gingival margin. The absence of mid‐buccal recession (0.07 mm) and good PES were found after 1 year.ConclusionDespite its limitations, this study showed that immediate implants in the posterior region using the SSA + PISF protocol resulted in promising implant outcomes with limited hard and soft tissue dimensional changes while decreasing the overall treatment time.
The role of vascular dementia associated genes in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A large case–control study in the Chinese population
Authors: Xiao Xuewen , Guo Lina , Liao Xinxin , Zhou Yafang , Zhang Weiwei , Zhou Lu , Wang Xin , Liu Xixi , Liu Hui , Xu Tianyan , Zhu Yuan , Yang Qijie , Hao Xiaoli , Liu Yingzi , Wang Junling , Li Jinchen , Jiao Bin , Shen Lu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe role of vascular dementia (VaD)‐associated genes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains elusive despite similar clinical and pathological features. We aimed to explore the relationship between these genes and AD in the Chinese population.MethodsEight VaD‐associated genes were screened by a targeted sequencing panel in a sample of 3604 individuals comprising 1192 AD patients and 2412 cognitively normal controls. Variants were categorized into common variants and rare variants according to minor allele frequency (MAF). Common variant (MAF ≥ 0.01)‐based association analysis was conducted by PLINK 1.9. Rare variant (MAF < 0.01) association study and gene‐based aggregation testing of rare variants were performed by PLINK 1.9 and Sequence Kernel Association Test‐Optimal (SKAT‐O test), respectively. Age at onset (AAO) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) association studies were performed with PLINK 1.9. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and APOE ε4 status.ResultsFour common COL4A1 variants, including rs874203, rs874204, rs16975492, and rs1373744, exhibited suggestive associations with AD. Five rare variants, NOTCH3 rs201436750, COL4A1 rs747972545, COL4A1 rs201481886, CST3 rs765692764, and CST3 rs140837441, showed nominal association with AD risk. Gene‐based aggregation testing revealed that HTRA1 was nominally associated with AD. In the AAO and MMSE association studies, variants in GSN, ITM2B, and COL4A1 reached suggestive significance.ConclusionCommon variants in COL4A1 and rare variants in HTRA1, NOTCH3, COL4A1, and CST3 may be implicated in AD pathogenesis. Besides, GSN, ITM2B, and COL4A1 are probably involved in the development of AD endophenotypes.
The potential for applying “Nonviolent Communication” in conservation science
Authors: Williams Brooke A. , Simmons B. Alexander , Ward Michelle , Beher Jutta , Dean Angela J. , Nou Tida , Kenyon Tania M. , Davey Madeline , Melton Courtney B. , Stewart‐Sinclair Phoebe J. , Hammond Niall L. , Massingham Emily , Klein Carissa J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe role of a conservation scientist has never been more challenging. Amidst the rapid degradation occurring across Earth's natural ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, conservation scientists must learn new and effective ways to build trust and engage with the wider community. Here, we discuss the potential utility of a particular communication technique, Nonviolent Communication (also known as Compassionate Communication or Collaborative Communication), in conservation science. Nonviolent Communication is a structured form of communication, developed in the 1960s by Dr. Marshall Rosenberg, that seeks to foster interpersonal understanding and connection through communication of judgment‐free observations, recognition of people's feelings, needs and values, and requests for specific actions to meet those needs. It has delivered positive outcomes in diverse fields such as prisoner reform, health science, and social work, and holds great promise for conservation applications. While there is no single communication strategy that resonates with all people, we argue that Nonviolent Communication could be used by conservation scientists and practitioners when communicating with colleagues, politicians, and the general public about important and sometimes contentious environmental issues.
Cytopathological characteristics of solitary fibrous tumour involving the pancreas by fine needle aspiration: Making an accurate preoperative diagnosis in an uncommon location
Authors: Jones Victoria M. , Wangsiricharoen Sintawat , Cornea Virgilius , Bocklage Therese J. , Ali Syed Z. , Allison Derek B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSolitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a unique mesenchymal neoplasm with classic features on histology and is characterised by the NAB2‐STAT6 gene fusion. There are rare reports of SFTs with pancreatic involvement and only two cases in the literature reporting its features by preoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA). Herein, we characterise the cytomorphological features of four SFTs involving the pancreas by FNA to establish a preoperative diagnostic approach.MethodsThe anatomic pathology archives of two academic medical centres were searched to identify patients with a pancreatic FNA cytology specimen and a confirmed diagnosis of SFT by surgical resection. The clinical history, pathological diagnosis, cytomorphological findings, and results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) were reviewed.ResultsFour SFTs were identified from four patients with a median age of 59 years. The morphological features were variable but most frequently showed a bland spindled‐to‐epithelioid proliferation in fragments and single cells with small, oval, elongated, and hypochromatic nuclei in a haphazard arrangement with or without dense collagen. One tumour presented with a concurrent metastasis and showed a pure epithelioid component with necrosis and enlarged, hyperchromatic nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli and scattered mitoses. IHC was necessary for all diagnoses which were confirmed by surgical resection.ConclusionsSFTs with pancreatic involvement are rare, and non‐specific features and tumour heterogeneity can pose a diagnostic challenge on FNA; however, IHC can be used to make a definitive diagnosis. As a result, FNA is a simple, safe, cost‐effective, and accurate approach that can be used to diagnose SFT in the pancreas.