bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Project hyperopic power prediction: accuracy of 13 different concepts for intraocular lens calculation in short eyes
Authors: Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter , Hirnschall Nino , Fischinger Isaak Raphael , Mariacher Siegfried , Wingert Tina , Langenbucher Achim , Bolz Matthias 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in a patient cohort with short axial eye length to assess the performance of IOL power calculation schemes in strong hyperopes.MethodologyThe study was a single centre, single surgeon retrospective consecutive case series at the Augen- und Laserklinik, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany. Inclusion of patients after uneventful cataract surgery implanting either spherical (SA60AT) or aspheric (ZCB00) IOLs. Inclusion criteria were axial eye length <21.5 mm and/or emmetropising IOL power >28.5 D. Lens constants were optimised on a separate patient cohort considering the full bandwidth of axial eye length. Data of one single eye per patient were randomly included. The outcome measures were: mean absolute prediction error (MAE), median absolute prediction error, mean prediction error with SD and median prediction error and the percentage of eyes with an MAE within 0.25 D, 0.5 D, 0.75 D and 1.0 D.ResultsA total of 150 eyes from 150 patients were assessed. Okulix, PEARL-DGS, Kane and Castrop provided a statistically significantly smaller MAE compared with the Hoffer Q and SRK/T formulae.ConclusionIn our patient cohort with short axial eye length, the use of PEARL-DGS, Okulix, Kane or Castrop formulae showed the lowest MAE. The Castrop formula has not been published before, but will be disclosed with a ready-to-use Excel sheet as an addendum to this paper.
Time spent in hypoglycemia is comparable when the same amount of exercise is performed 5 or 2 days weekly: a randomized crossover study in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Steineck Isabelle Isa Kristin , Ranjan Ajenthen G , Schmidt Signe , Norgaard Kirsten 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionPeople with type 1 diabetes are recommended to exercise regularly. However, limited evidence exists on how frequency and duration of exercise affect the risk of hypoglycemia. The study aimed to compare the percentage of time spent in hypoglycemia between two 5-day periods with different frequency and duration of physical activity.Research design and methodsIn this outpatient randomized crossover study, 26 participants aged 18–65 years with type 1 diabetes for ≥2 years and insulin pump use for ≥1 year were included. After a 7-day observation period, participants completed two 5-day intervention periods separated by a washout period of at least 14 days. One period included five exercise sessions on 5 consecutive days (5S), each consisting of 4 min of resistance training and 30 min of aerobic exercise. Another period included two exercise sessions on 2 days with at least 2 days in between (2S), each consisting of 10 min of resistance training and 75 min of aerobic exercise. During each period, participants performed in total 150 min of aerobic exercise and 20 min of resistance training and wore continuous glucose monitors (Dexcom G6) and accelerometers (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT).ResultsTwenty insulin pump-treated adults (10 women) with type 1 diabetes completed the study. The baseline median (range) age was 48 (24–64) years, glycated hemoglobin 55 (44–66) mmol/mol, diabetes duration 24 (8–57) years, and body mass index 28.4 (22.3–35.8) kg/m2. No differences were observed between 5S and 2S in the percentage (mean±SD) of time spent below 3.9 mmol/L (3.5%±2.8% vs 4.5%±4.2%, p=0.28), time spent in 3.9–10.0 mmol/L (65.3%±15.0% vs 68.5%±13.6%, p=0.31), time spent above 10.0 mmol/L (31.2%±16.4% vs 27.3%±14.5%, p=0.15), mean glucose (8.7±1.3 mmol/L vs 8.5±1.2 mmol/L, p=0.33) and glycemic variability (35.8%±5.3% vs 35.8%±6.6%, p=0.97).ConclusionsTime spent in hypoglycemia was comparable between the two 5-day periods with different duration and frequency of physical activity.Trial registration numberNCT04089462.
Caesarean sections in teaching hospitals: systematic review and meta-analysis of hospitals in 22 countries
Authors: Hoxha Ilir , Zhubi Esra , Grezda Krenare , Kryeziu Blerta , Bunjaku Jeta , Sadiku Fitim , Agahi Riaz , Lungu Daniel Adrian , Bonciani Manila , Little George 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine the odds of caesarean section in all births in teaching hospitals as compared with non-teaching hospitals.SettingOver 3600 teaching and non-teaching hospitals in 22 countries. We searched CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, sciELO, Scopus and Web of Science from the beginning of records until May 2020.ParticipantsWomen at birth. Over 18.5 million births.InterventionCaesarean section.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures are the adjusted OR of caesarean section in a variety of teaching hospital comparisons. The secondary outcome is the crude OR of caesarean section in a variety of teaching hospital comparisons.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, we found that university hospitals have lower odds than non-teaching hospitals (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.78) and other teaching hospitals (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.89), and no significant difference with unspecified teaching status hospitals (OR=0.92, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.05, τ2=0.009). Other teaching hospitals had higher odds than non-teaching hospitals (OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.35). Comparison between unspecified teaching hospitals and non-teaching hospitals (OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.65, τ2=1.007) and unspecified hospitals (OR=0.95, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.20), τ2<0.001) showed no significant difference. While the main analysis in larger sized groups of analysed studies reveals no effect between hospitals, subgroup analyses show that teaching hospitals carry out fewer caesarean sections in several countries, for several study populations and population characteristics.ConclusionsWith smaller sample of participants and studies, in clearly defined hospitals categories under comparison, we see that university hospitals have lower odds for caesarean. With larger sample size and number of studies, as well as less clearly defined categories of hospitals, we see no significant difference in the likelihood of caesarean sections between teaching and non-teaching hospitals. Nevertheless, even in groups with no significant effect, teaching hospitals have a lower or higher likelihood of caesarean sections in several analysed subgroups. Therefore, we recommend a more precise examination of forces sustaining these trends.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020158437.
Sampling endoscopically normal large bowel mucosa from patients presenting with elevated faecal calprotectin levels is not clinically justified
Authors: Wong Newton A C S , Wallage Michael John , Virgo Paul , Lowes Hannah 
Published: January 2021

Aims and methodsFaecal calprotectin (FCP) measurement is used especially to investigate for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To assess the utility of sampling endoscopically normal large bowel among patients first presenting with elevated FCP, this study identified 115 such patients out of 652 patients with elevated FCP from approximately 6000 primary care tests processed over 15 months.Results23 cohort patients showed histologically abnormal large bowel biopsies. Only four cases demonstrated acute inflammation and two such patients only showed scattered cryptitis and did not develop IBD. A third patient demonstrated similar histology but, following repeat colonoscopy, her elevated FCP was attributed to small intestinal inflammation. Only the fourth patient’s large bowel biopsies showed features suggesting Crohn’s disease, but this represented an IBD detection rate out of 115 sets of large bowel biopsies of 0.9%.ConclusionsSampling of endoscopically normal large bowel among patients first presenting with elevated FCP is not clinically justified.
Flavoured tobacco product restrictions in Massachusetts associated with reductions in adolescent cigarette and e-cigarette use
Authors: Hawkins Summer Sherburne , Kruzik Claudia , O'Brien Michael , Levine Coley Rebekah 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIn the USA, many states do not pre-empt municipalities from enacting stricter tobacco-control policies than state or federal laws. Several municipalities in Massachusetts have passed progressive local laws aimed at reducing adolescent tobacco use. We exploited this variability to examine the associations between county-level flavoured tobacco product restrictions, tobacco 21 policies and smoke-free laws prohibiting e-cigarettes with adolescent cigarette and e-cigarette use in Massachusetts, and to assess whether policy effects varied by age.MethodsWe conducted difference-in-differences models to link changes in county-level tobacco-control policies to changes in adolescents’ use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes using 2011–2017 biennial Massachusetts Youth Health Surveys.ResultsCounties with greater implementation of flavoured tobacco product restrictions were associated with a decrease in the level of cigarette use among users (Coefficient −1.56; 95% CI −2.54 to −0.58). A significant interaction (p=0.03) revealed the largest reductions among 14 and 18 year olds. Increasing flavoured tobacco product restrictions were also associated with reductions in the likelihood of e-cigarette use (Coefficient −0.87; 95% CI −1.68 to −0.06). Increasing tobacco 21 restrictions were associated with decreases in cigarette use only among 18 year olds, while there was no evidence of associations between smoke-free laws with use of either tobacco product.ConclusionsAdolescents in Massachusetts decreased their use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes in response to local restrictions that limited the sale of flavoured tobacco products to adult-only retail tobacco stores. Local legislation can reduce adolescent tobacco use and municipalities should enact stricter tobacco-control policies when not pre-empted by state law.
Shared ancestry of core-histone subunits and non-histone plant proteins containing the Histone Fold Motif (HFM)
Authors: Kumar Amish , Yadav Gitanjali 
Published: January 2021

The three helical Histone Fold Motif (HFM) of core histone proteins provides an evolutionarily favored site for the protein–DNA interface. Despite significant variation in sequence, the HFM retains a distinctive structural fold that has diversified into several non-histone protein families. In this work, we explore the ancestry of non-histone HFM containing families in the plant kingdom. A sequence search algorithm was developed using iterative profile Hidden Markov Models to identify remote homologs of core-histone proteins. The resulting hits were functionally annotated, classified into families, and subjected to comprehensive phylogenetic analyses via Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. We have identified 4390 HFM containing proteins in the plant kingdom that are not histones, mostly existing as diverse transcription factor families, distributed widely within and across taxonomic groups. Patterns of homology suggest that core histone subunit H2A has evolved into newer families like NF-YC and DRAP1, whereas the H2B subunit of core histones shares a common ancestry with NF-YB and DR1 class of TFs. Core histone subunits H3 and H4 were found to have evolved into DPE and TAF proteins, respectively. Taken together these results provide insights into diversification events during the evolution of the HFM, including sub-functionalization and neo-functionalization of the HFM.
Tumor Tissue- versus Plasma-based Genotyping for Selection of Matched Therapy and Impact on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Vidula Neelima , Niemierko Andrzej , Malvarosa Giuliana , Yuen Megan , Lennerz Jochen , Iafrate A. John , Wander Seth A. , Spring Laura , Juric Dejan , Isakoff Steven , Younger Jerry , Moy Beverly , Ellisen Leif W. , Bardia Aditya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Actionable mutations can guide genotype-directed matched therapy. We evaluated the utility of tissue-based and plasma-based genotyping for the identification of actionable mutations and selection of matched therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Experimental Design:
Patients with MBC who underwent tissue genotyping (institutional platform, 91-gene assay) or plasma-based cell-free DNA (cfDNA, Guardant360, 73-gene assay) between January 2016 and December 2017 were included. A chart review of records to identify subtype, demographics, treatment, outcomes, and tissue genotyping or cfDNA results was performed. The incidence of actionable mutations and the selection of matched therapy in tissue genotyping or cfDNA cohorts was determined. The impact of matched therapy status on overall survival (OS) in tissue genotyping or cfDNA subgroups was determined with Cox regression analysis.

Results:
Of 252 patients who underwent cfDNA testing, 232 (92%) had detectable mutations, 196 (78%) had actionable mutations, and 86 (34%) received matched therapy. Of 118 patients who underwent tissue genotyping, 90 (76%) had detectable mutations, 59 (50%) had actionable mutations, and 13 (11%) received matched therapy. For cfDNA patients with actionable mutations, matched versus nonmatched therapy was associated with better OS [HR 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23–0.73, P = 0.002], and this remained significant in a multivariable analysis correcting for age, subtype, visceral metastases, and brain metastases (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26–0.83, P = 0.010).

Conclusions:
Plasma-based genotyping identified high rates of actionable mutations, which was associated with significant application of matched therapy and better OS in patients with MBC.
See related commentary by Rugo and Huppert, p. 3275
Nonatrial Fibrillation Patients With Complete P Wave Disappearance
Authors: Liu Hailei , Li Mingfang , Li Chengzong , Wang Zhirong , Lu Qi , Gu Zhoushan , Qi Xiangqian , Ju Weizhu , Chen Hongwu , Zhang Yanjuan , Zhang Fengxiang , Gu Kai , Yang Gang , Wang Zidun , Feng DaLi , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Chen Minglong 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:
Complete P wave disappearance (CPWD) in patients without atrial fibrillation is an uncommon clinical phenomenon. We aimed to study the relationship between CPWD and thromboembolism.

Methods:
Between July 2007 and December 2018, consecutive patients with CPWD on surface ECG and 24-hour Holter recording were recruited into the study from 4 centers in China. All recruited patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography or cardiac computed tomography to screen for atrial thrombus. Atrial electrical activity and scar were assessed by electrophysiological study (EPS) and 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping. Cardiac structure and function were assessed by multimodality cardiac imaging.

Results:
Twenty-three consecutive patients (8 male; mean age 48.5±14.7 years) with CPWD were included. Only 3 patients demonstrated complete atrial electrical silence with atrial noncapture. Thirteen patients who had invasive atrial endocardial mapping demonstrated extensive scar. Pulse-wave mitral inflow Doppler demonstrated absent and dampened A waves in 18 and 5 patients, respectively. Pulse-wave tricuspid inflow Doppler showed absent and dampened A waves in 19 and 4 patients, respectively. Upon recruitment, 8 patients had previous stroke and 3 patients had atrial thrombus. Warfarin was prescribed to all patients. During median follow-up of 42.0 months, 2 patients developed massive ischemic stroke due to warfarin discontinuation.

Conclusions:
Our study suggested that CPWD reflects extensive atrial electrical silence and significantly impaired atrial mechanical function. It was strongly associated with thromboembolism and the clinical triad of CPWD-atrial paralysis-stroke was proposed. Anticoagulation should be recommended in such patients.
How Well Do Neurochecks Perform After Stroke?
Authors: De Leon Benedetti Andres M. , Bhatia Ritwik , Ancheta Selena R. , Romano Jose G. , Koch Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In the certification of stroke centers, the performance of serial nursing neurological assessments and reassessments, commonly known as neurochecks, is often cited as one of the most problematic standards. The role of neurochecks is to readily detect neurological change, but it is surprising that this practice has undergone relatively little scientific study. Their effectiveness in detecting worsening in acute ischemic stroke patients has not been well studied. Our objective was to investigate the sensitivity of neurochecks to detect neurological deterioration after acute ischemic stroke. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with acute ischemic stroke who were admitted to a comprehensive stroke center over a 2-year period and who received intravenous thrombolysis. The incidence, reasons, and detection rates for neurological deterioration by neurochecks were collected during the first 72 hours of admission.

Results:
A total of 231 patient records were reviewed. Over the first 72 hours of admission, each patient had a mean of 63±15 neurochecks. Neurological worsening as determined by a stroke neurologist was found in 62 (27%) patients. This deterioration was first detected by a scheduled neurocheck in 28 (45%) patients and was discovered by the nurse outside of a scheduled neurocheck in 16 (26%) patients. In 18 out of 62 (29%) patients, the worsening was not detected.

Conclusions:
Although neurochecks detected neurological deterioration in almost half of patients with acute stroke, a significant proportion of deteriorations were found outside scheduled assessments or remained undetected. This suggests that novel monitoring strategies are needed to readily identify worsening neurological status in acute stroke.
Lepanto in the Americas: Global Storytelling and Mediterranean History
Authors: Hanß Stefan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper reveals the voices, logics, and consequences of sixteenth-century American storytelling about the Battle of Lepanto; an approach that decenters our perspective on the history of that battle. Central and South American storytelling about Lepanto, I argue, should prompt a reconsideration of historians’ Mediterranean-centered storytelling about Lepanto—the event—by studying the social dynamics of its event-making in light of early modern global connections. Studying the circulation of news, the symbolic power of festivities, indigenous responses to Lepanto, and the autobiographical storytelling of global protagonists participating at that battle, this paper reveals how storytelling about Lepanto burgeoned in the Spanish overseas territories.
Desert Environment and Climate Observation Network over the Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Yang Fan , He Qing , Huang Jianping , Mamtimin Ali , Yang Xinghua , Huo Wen , Zhou Chenglong , Liu Xinchun , Wei Wenshou , Cui Caixia , Wang Minzhong , Li Hongjun , Yang Lianmei , Zhang Hongsheng , Liu Yuzhi , Zheng Xinqian , Pan Honglin , Jin Lili , Zou Han , Zhou Libo , Liu Yongqiang , Zhang Jiantao , Meng Lu , Wang Yu , Qin Xiaolin , Yao Yongjun , Liu Houyong , Xue Fumin , Zheng Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs the second-largest shifting sand desert worldwide, the Taklimakan Desert (TD) represents the typical aeolian landforms in arid regions as an important source of global dust aerosols. It directly affects the ecological environment and human health across East Asia. Thus, establishing a comprehensive environment and climate observation network for field research in the TD region is essential to improve our understanding of the desert meteorology and environment, assess its impact, mitigate potential environmental issues, and promote sustainable development. With a nearly 20-yr effort under the extremely harsh conditions of the TD, the Desert Environment and Climate Observation Network (DECON) has been established completely covering the TD region. The core of DECON is the Tazhong station in the hinterland of the TD. Moreover, the network also includes 4 satellite stations located along the edge of the TD for synergistic observations, and 18 automatic weather stations interspersed between them. Thus, DECON marks a new chapter of environmental and meteorological observation capabilities over the TD, including dust storms, dust emission and transport mechanisms, desert land–atmosphere interactions, desert boundary layer structure, ground calibration for remote sensing monitoring, and desert carbon sinks. In addition, DECON promotes cooperation and communication within the research community in the field of desert environments and climate, which promotes a better understanding of the status and role of desert ecosystems. Finally, DECON is expected to provide the basic support necessary for coordinated environmental and meteorological monitoring and mitigation, joint construction of ecologically friendly communities, and sustainable development of central Asia.
A Stochastic Parameter Perturbation Method to Represent Uncertainty in a Microphysics Scheme
Authors: Thompson Gregory , Berner Judith , Frediani Maria , Otkin Jason A. , Griffin Sarah M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCurrent state-of-the art regional numerical weather forecasts are run at horizontal grid spacings of a few kilometers, which permits medium- to large-scale convective systems to be represented explicitly in the model. With the convection parameterization no longer active, much uncertainty in the formulation of subgrid-scale processes moves to other areas such as the cloud microphysical, turbulence, and land surface parameterizations. The goal of this study is to investigate experiments with stochastically perturbed parameters (SPP) within a microphysics parameterization and the model’s horizontal diffusion coefficients. To estimate the “true” uncertainty due to parameter uncertainty, the magnitudes of the perturbations are chosen as realistically as possible and not with a purposeful intent of maximal forecast impact as some prior work has done. Spatial inhomogeneities and temporal persistence are represented using a random perturbation pattern with spatial and temporal correlations. The impact on the distributions of various hydrometeors, precipitation characteristics, and solar and longwave radiation are quantified for a winter case and a summer case. In terms of upscale error growth, the impact is relatively small and consists primarily of triggering atmospheric instabilities in convectively unstable regions. In addition, small in situ changes with potentially large socioeconomic impacts are observed in the precipitation characteristics such as maximum hail size. Albeit the impact of introducing physically based parameter uncertainties within the bounds of aerosol uncertainties is small, their influence on the solar and longwave radiation balances may still have important implications for global model simulations of future climate scenarios.