bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTI-EROSION CAPACITY OF A GRANULAR FILTER SUBJECTED TO A PERIODICALLY VARIABLE HYDRAULIC GRADIENT
Authors: Liang Yue , Zhang Hongjie , Shi Xixi , Ma Chen , Zhang Bin , Xia Rifeng , Dai Lei 
Published: July 2021

The instability of a filter system is a significant cause of seepage failure in embankment projects. The filter system in the earth-rock embankment is mainly composed of graded cohesionless soil. To uncover the performance of the granular filter in resisting the internal erosion, a set of experiments was carried out with an improved experimental apparatus, considering different hydraulic loading scenarios. The movement of graded cohesionless soil, the seepage velocity and the hydraulic gradient were monitored in the experiments. It was found that during the process of increasing the hydraulic gradient, the failure of the granular filter mainly experienced three stages: the first one was the dynamic equilibrium stage; the second was the critical start stage; and the third was the failure stage, in which a sudden change in the seepage velocity was the precursor of seepage failure. The critical hydraulic gradient and destructive hydraulic gradient decreased with the water level amplitude. Moreover, the experiments revealed that the loading modes of the hydraulic gradient significantly influenced the anti-erosion capacity of the granular filter. Compared with the stepwise loading mode, the cyclic reciprocating loading mode greatly weakened the anti-erosion capacity of the granular filter under the same water level amplitude. The destructive hydraulic gradient of the latter was only 71.8 % of the former under a higher water level amplitude, indicating that the corresponding measures should be considered to avoid the occurrence of a periodically variable hydraulic gradient.
Демографическая модернизация и возраст вступления в первый брак у народов Северного Кавказа
Authors: Казенин Константин Игоревич , Сороко Евгений Львович 
Published: July 2021

Цель статьи – исследование изменений возрастных характеристик брачности у народов ряда регионов Северного Кавказа во второй половине ХХ – начале ХХI века. Эта динамика исследуется в аспекте межэтнических различий. Делается попытка оценить уровень межэтнических различий на разных этапах модернизационных изменений, которые происходили в местных социумах Северного Кавказа в 1960-2000-е годы и были связаны в первую очередь с массовой миграцией коренных народов в города. Для этого на основе микропереписи 1994 г. для женских и мужских когорт 1939-48, 1949-58 и 1959-68 годов рождения 11 северокавказских народов сопоставляются доли вступивших в первый брак к разным возрастам. Отмечается, что к возрастам, достигнутым двумя или тремя из этих когорт на момент микропереписи, в разных когортах наблюдались в целом единообразные межэтнические контрасты по этому параметру. Далее для тех же народов рассматриваются доли вступивших в брак в разных возрастных группах по Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 г. Межэтнические различия, зафиксированные для разных возрастных групп на момент переписи, в основном совпадают с различиями, отраженными микропереписью для указанных когорт. При этом сопоставление расчетных возрастов вступления в брак (SMAM) для разных народов на момент микропереписи 1994 г. и переписи 2010 г. показывает, что по крайней мере между этими опросами у большинства этносов происходил сдвиг вступления женщин и мужчин в первый брак к более старшим возрастам. Делается вывод, что из двух процессов, стандартно рассматриваемых как элементы демографической модернизации (увеличение возраста вступления в первый брак и уменьшение межэтнических различий по этому возрасту), на Северном Кавказе в изучаемый период активно шел только первый. С учетом данных полевых исследований предлагаются объяснения обнаруженной стабильности межэтнических различий по возрасту вступления в брак.
Off-Network Earthquake Location by Earthquake Early Warning Systems: Methodology and Validation
Authors: Netanel Mark , Eisermann Andreas Samuel , Ziv Alon 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Regional source-based earthquake early warning systems perform three consecutive tasks: (1) detection and epicenter location, (2) magnitude determination, and (3) ground-motion prediction. The correctness of the magnitude determination is contingent on that of the epicenter location, and the credibility of the ground-motion prediction depends on those of the epicenter location and the magnitude determination. Thus, robust epicenter location scheme is key for regional earthquake early warning systems. Available source-based systems yield acceptably accurate locations when the earthquakes occur inside the real-time seismic network, but they return erroneous results otherwise. In this study, a real-time algorithm that is intended as a supplement to an existing regional earthquake early warning systems is introduced with the sole objective of ameliorating its off-network location capacity. The new algorithm combines measurements from three or more network stations that are analyzed jointly using an array methodology to give the P-wave slowness vector and S-phase arrival time. Prior to the S-phase picking, the nonarrival of the S phase is used for determining a minimum epicentral distance. This estimate is updated repeatedly with elapsed time until the S phase is picked. Thus, the system timeliness is not compromised by waiting for the S-phase arrival. After the S wave is picked, an epicentral location can be determined using a single array by intersecting the back-azimuth beam with the S-minus-P annulus. When several arrays are assembled, the back azimuth and P and S picks from all arrays are combined to constrain the epicenter. The performance of the array processing for back azimuth and S-wave picking is assessed using a large number of accelerograms, recorded by nine strong motion sensors of the KiK-net seismic network in Japan. The nine stations are treated as three distinct seismic arrays, comprising three stations each. Good agreement is found between array-based and catalog-reported parameters. Finally, the advantage of the new array methodology with respect to alternative schemes for back azimuth and distance is demonstrated.
Evaluation of hydroxychloroquine induced retinal toxicity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Kalyan Dandyala Pavan , Teja Gajula Sri , Reddy Kallem Sharat Venkat , D’souza Marina 
Published: July 2021

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, which affects the major organs in the human body. Pathophysiology of SLE is unknown. It mainly affects the joints, and restricts their movement. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) an anti-malarial drug is used as the first line of drugs used to treat SLE. The major adverse effect of this drug is irreversible retinopathy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of retinopathy in patients with long-term usage of hydroxychloroquine (for more than 1 year).Methods: In patients with SLE, we recorded a review on HCQ induced toxicity among those taking it for longer period (>1 year). All the patients were above 18 years of age. A total data of 210 patients suffering from SLE and taking HCQ for more than one year was collected. Patients were categorized according to gender and dose pattern. Out of 210 patients, 0 patients were found to be retinal toxic induced by HCQ.Results: Suitable statistical tools were used and data was analysed which showed the incidence and prevalence of HCQ induced toxicity. With the results of our study we can understand that incidence and prevalence rates were very low among the subjects.Conclusions: HCQ is said to reduce the risk of disease remission, improves survival, minimizes the risks of vital organ damage, reduces the frequency of flares and has a protective effect on cardiovascular health. HCQ medication is usually well tolerated. But irreversible retinopathy is the major effect on long term use of HCQ. The present study concludes that in the nominal daily dose of 200mg did not reveal any signs of retinal toxicity in 100% of the population tested within 5 years of HCQ treatment suggesting that the toxicity is rare and can be prevented by reducing the dose of the drug.
Correlation of body mass index and pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Mishra Saurabh , Srivastava G N , Mishra J K , Oli Ritamvara 
Published: July 2021

Obstructive sleep apnoea has very strong association with both body mass index and pulmonary hypertension. There is a paucity of data to relate BMI and PH in patients with OSA. To see the relation between body mass index and pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Patients with symptoms of OSA were screened for polysomnography by using STOP-BANG criteria. 100 patients with AHI ≥5 with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea and AHI ≥ 15 without symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea were selected for other investigations. Neck circumference was measured and BMI was calculated to estimate the severity of obstruction. PFT and chest X-ray were done to rule-out other respiratory illnesses. 2D-echocardiography was done for screening of pre-existing structural cardiac anomaly or any raise in pulmonary artery pressure. MRI neck was done to check neck muscles status. Out of 100 patients in study group 10% (n=10) had mild, 12% (n=12) had moderate and 78% (n=78) had severe OSA. Most of the patients belonged to overweight (52%) and obesity stage 1 (34%) groups. 10% and 2% of the patients belonged to obesity stage 2 and severe obesity groups respectively. Only 2% of the patients were healthy and none of the patients were underweight. PH was present in 24% (n=24) of cases, mild (n=10) and moderate (n=10) PH each were 10% and severe (n=4) PH was present in 4% of the cases. 100% of the patients with severe obesity had pulmonary hypertension. Most of the patients with PH belonged to Obesity grade 1 and overweight groups, whereas none of normal BMI patients had PH. Body mass index has indirect relation with pulmonary hypertension. In our study, we found that pulmonary hypertension was present only in overweight and obese patients. Whereas, none of the patients with normal BMI had pulmonary hypertension.
Effectiveness of Group Counseling based on Lazarus Multimodal Approach on Psychological Well-being of Male Students
Authors: Hojatkhah Seyed Mohsen , Mesbah Iman , Parvaneh Azar 
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group counseling based on Lazarus multimodal approach on psychological well-being of rural male students.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental study including pre-test and post-test design, with control group. The study population included all male high school students in rural areas of city of Andimeshk in Iran. Thirty students were chosen through cluster sampling method who obtained the total score lower than average on the psychographic well-being scale, and randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The experimental group received 8 ninety-minute weekly sessions of multimodal counseling. The research instrument included the short form of Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. At the end of the sessions, post-test was performed for both groups. Data were analyzed by the analysis of covariance.
Results: The results showed that there is significant difference between experimental and control groups in measures of psychological well-being (p>0/001). The final achievement of this study was the effectiveness of group counseling based on Lazarus multimodal approach on increasing the psychological well-being of male students.
Conclusion: In general, the research findings indicate the role and importance of multimodal therapy in increasing psychological well-being.
The Unrecognized Mortality Burden of Genetic Disorders in Infancy
Authors: Wojcik Monica H. , Stadelmaier Rachel , Heinke Dominique , Holm Ingrid A. , Tan Wen-Hann , Agrawal Pankaj B. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives. To determine how deaths of infants with genetic diagnoses are described in national mortality statistics. Methods. We present a retrospective cohort study of mortality data, obtained from the National Death Index (NDI), and clinical data for 517 infants born from 2011 to 2017 who died before 1 year of age in the United States. Results. Although 115 of 517 deceased infants (22%) had a confirmed diagnosis of a genetic disorder, only 61 of 115 deaths (53%) were attributed to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes representing congenital anomalies or genetic disorders (Q00-Q99) as the underlying cause of death because of inconsistencies in death reporting. Infants with genetic diagnoses whose underlying causes of death were coded as Q00-Q99 were more likely to have chromosomal disorders than monogenic conditions (43/61 [70%] vs 18/61 [30%]; P < .001), which reflects the need for improved accounting for monogenic disorders in mortality statistics. Conclusions. Genetic disorders, although a leading cause of infant mortality, are not accurately captured by vital statistics. Public Health Implications. Expanded access to genetic testing and further clarity in death reporting are needed to describe properly the contribution of genetic disorders to infant mortality.
Identifying Disparities in Health Outcomes and Mortality for American Indian and Alaska Native Populations Using Tribally Disaggregated Vital Statistics and Health Survey Data
Authors: Small-Rodriguez Desi , Akee Randall 
Published: July 2021

Objectives. To determine the impact of disaggregated mortality and health surveillance data on the ability to identify health disparities for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) subpopulations. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of reporting categories for AI/AN decedents on official death certificates for all 50 US states. Using public data from the 2017–2018 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), we conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses to assess disparities in health conditions and outcomes for tribally enrolled and non‒tribally enrolled AI/AN persons compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Results. There was no standard for the collection of tribal enrollment data or AI/AN race on death certificates across all 50 states. There were stark differences in the incidence and prevalence of various health risk factors and chronic diseases for the tribally enrolled AI/AN subpopulation, non‒tribally enrolled AI/AN subpopulation, and non-Hispanic White comparison group. Conclusions. The collection of tribal enrollment data in vital statistics and health surveillance systems is necessary to identify and respond to health disparities among AI/AN subpopulations. These efforts must be conducted in partnership with tribal nations and consider Indigenous data sovereignty.
Comparing Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Renal Transplant Recipients to Patients on Dialysis for End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Douglas Scott J. , Pervaiz Sahir S. , Sax Oliver C. , Mohamed Nequesha S. , Delanois Ronald E. , Johnson Aaron J. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Renal transplants are the most commonly performed solid-organ transplants worldwide. It is unclear whether a kidney transplant is associated with reduced postoperative complications in comparison with patients on dialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The purpose of this study was to utilize a national database to compare readmissions, complications, and costs associated with primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) between matched renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and patients on dialysis for ESRD.

Methods:
Patients with a renal transplant (N = 1,401) and those on dialysis for ESRD (without a transplant) (N = 1,463) prior to being treated with a THA from 2010 to 2019 were identified within the PearlDiver database. RTRs and patients on renal dialysis were frequency-matched 1:1 on the basis of 9 patient characteristics, resulting in 582 patients in each group. Length of hospital stay, readmissions, complication rates up to 2 years, and total costs up to 1 year were compared between the groups using chi-square and multivariable logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
Patients on renal dialysis had an increased mean length of stay (6.3 days) compared with RTRs (4.6 days, p < 0.01). After adjusting for age, tobacco use, and diabetes, patients on renal dialysis were more likely to be readmitted by 90 days (OR = 1.59; CI = 1.11 to 2.29, p < 0.01) and have mechanical complications (OR = 2.13; CI = 1.08 to 4.45, p = 0.03) and revisions (OR = 2.14; CI = 1.14 to 4.01, p = 0.01) by 2 years. Patients on renal dialysis were also more likely to have periprosthetic joint infections at 1 year (OR = 1.91; CI = 1.02 to 3.71, p = 0.04). Patients on dialysis incurred 14% higher costs at 1 year (p = 0.11).

Conclusions:
Patients on renal dialysis had more readmissions, complications, and costs after THA when compared with RTRs. Specifically, patients on renal dialysis were more likely to have longer index lengths of stay, more readmissions by 90 days, and more mechanical complications and revision surgery by 2 years. Patients on dialysis also incurred higher costs and had greater odds of PJI. These results suggest that joint surgeons may consider delaying THA in suitable patients until after renal transplantation to reduce postoperative complications and costs.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Systematic Overview of Blockchain Research
Authors: Wang Guizhou , Zhang Si , Yu Tao , Ning Yu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Blockchain has been receiving growing attention from both academia and practices. This paper aims to investigate the research status of blockchain-related studies and to analyze the development and evolution of this latest hot area via bibliometric analysis. We selected and explored 2451 papers published between 2013 and 2019 from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The analysis considers different dimensions, including annual publications and citation trends, author distribution, popular research themes, collaboration of countries (regions) and institutions, top papers, major publication journals (conferences), supportive funding agencies, and emerging research trends. The results show that the number of blockchain literature is still increasing, and the research priorities in blockchain-related research shift during the observation period from bitcoin, cryptocurrency, blockchain, smart contract, internet of thing, to the distributed ledger, and challenge and the inefficiency of blockchain. The findings of this research deliver a holistic picture of blockchain research, which illuminates the future direction of research, and provides implications for both academic research and enterprise practice.
Research on Distributed Data Sharing System based on Internet of Things and Blockchain
Authors: Sun Enchang , Meng Kang , Yang Ruizhe , Zhang Yanhua , Li Meng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAiming at the problems of the traditional centralized data sharing platform, such as poor data privacy protection ability, insufficient scalability of the system and poor interaction ability, this paper proposes a distributed data sharing system architecture based on the Internet of Things and blockchain technology. In this system, the distributed consensus mechanism of blockchain and the distributed storage technology are employed to manage the access and storage of Internet of Things data in a secure manner. Up to the physical topology of the network, a hierarchical blockchain network architecture is proposed for local network data storage and global network data sharing, which reduces networking complexity and improves the scalability of the system. In addition, smart contract and distributed machine learning are adopted to design automatic processing functions for different types of data (public or private) and supervise the data sharing process, improving both the security and interactive ability of the system.
Blockchain or Not? Optimal Decisions for Food Retailers Considering Consumer Expertise
Authors: Hu Linyuan , Ding Jinzhi , Yang Xiying 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the benefit of the blockchain food traceability system (BFTS). Based on game theory and the willingness-to-pay model, pricing models are formulated considering important factors like the proportion of consumer with high expertise in traceability, risk attitude to doubtful traceability information and perceived convenience of traceability information checking. By compared the optimal total welfare under the BFTS and that under the traditional food traceability system in valuation analysis, conditions where applying the BFTS is more valuable than applying the TFTS are figured out. Finally, insightful management implications are given.
Prognostic Factors in Patients with Advanced HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer Treated With Trastuzumab-Based Chemotherapy: A Cohort Study
Authors: Marshall Shoko , Wakatsuki Takeru , Takahari Daisuke , Matsushima Tomohiro , Ishizuka Naoki , Nakayama Izuma , Osumi Hiroki , Ogura Mariko , Ichimura Takashi , Shinozaki Eiji , Chin Keisho , Yamaguchi Kensei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Prognostic factors for the survival of patients with advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer treated with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy remain controversial. The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical factors that predict prognosis in this patient population.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of HER2-positive gastric cancer patients treated with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy in our institution. Clinical features and laboratory test results considered prognostic factors were re-examined. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, univariate analysis was performed with the log-rank test, and multivariate analysis using Cox’s proportional hazard regression model.Results: A total of 133 patients with advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer were enrolled. The median OS in this cohort was 18.7 months. Four prognostic factors: visceral metastasis (lung or liver), and levels of haemoglobin (Hb) (< 11.6 g/dL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (> 222 mg/dL), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (> 0.14 mg/dl) were identified as independent prognostic factors. After classifying the patients in three groups according to their number of prognostic factors, namely low (0,1), moderate (2,3), and high (4) risk, OS curves were separated into three categories with median OS of 32.0, 18.7, and 10.1 months, respectively (p=0.00025). Compared to the low-risk group, hazard ratios for the moderate- and high-risk groups were 1.75 (95% CI: 1.05–2.93) and 3.49 (95% CI: 1.81–6.71), respectively.Conclusion: Visceral metastasis and abnormal Hb, LDH, and CRP test results were associated with unfavourable OS. These findings are helpful for the management of advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer treated with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy.