bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MtDNA variations at C5178a and A249d decrease the risk of severe COVID-19 in a Han Chinese population from Central China
Authors: Wu Yi , Wang Xianhui , Li Xihua , Song Liyuan , Yu Shilong , Fang Zhicheng , Liu Yuquan , Yuan Leyong , Peng Chunyan , Zhang Shenyi , Cheng Wang , Ma Hongchao , Wang Lifeng , Tang Junming , Wang Yunfu , Ji Fu-yun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Mitochondria have been shown to play vital roles during SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development. Currently, whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations, which define mtDNA haplogroups and determine OXPHOS performance and ROS production, are associated with COVID-19 risk is unclear. Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted to compare the distribution of mtDNA variations defining mtDNA haplogroups between healthy controls (n = 615) and COVID-19 patients (n = 536). COVID-19 patients were diagnosed based on molecular diagnostics of the viral genome by qPCR and chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scanning. The exclusion criteria for the healthy controls were any history of diseases in the one-month preceding study assessment. MtDNA variations defining mtDNA haplogroups were identified by PCR-RFLPs and HVS-I sequencing and determined based upon mtDNA phylogenetic analysis using Mitomap Phylogeny. Student’s t-test was used for continuous variables, and Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables. To assess the independent effect of each mtDNA variation defining mtDNA haplogroups, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustments for the possible confounding factors of age, sex, smoking and diseases (including cardiopulmonary diseases, diabetes, obesity and hypertension) determined through clinical and radiographic examinations. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that mtDNA variations at C5178a and A249d were associated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 (OR = 0.590, 95% CI = 0.428-0.814, p = 0.001; and OR = 0.654, 95% CI = 0.457-0.936, p = 0.020, respectively), while A4833G, A4715G, T3394C and G5417A/C16257a/C16261T were related to an increased risk of severe COVID-19 (OR = 2.336, 95% CI = 1.179-4.608, p = 0.015; OR = 2.033, 95% CI = 1.242-3.322, p = 0.005; OR = 3.040, 95% CI = 1.522-6.061, p = 0.002; and OR = 2.890, 95% CI = 1.199-6.993, p = 0.018, respectively). Conclusion: mtDNA variations C5178a and A249d might contribute to an individual’s resistance to developing severe COVID-19, whereas A4833G, A4715G, T3394C and G5417A/C16257a/C16261T might increase an individual’s risk of developing severe COVID-19. Trial registration: no.
Uterine Carcinoma With Complex Reasons for Hypercalcemia: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Liu Yuexi , Liu Bin , Li Ruo-nan , Wei Xing , Zhang Xiao-mei , Wang Zhi-hong , Linghu Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a seldom seen histological subtype of endometrial cancer with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Among current literatures, no one was found to be hormonally functional.Case presentation: We reported a rare case of endometrial LCNEC expressing both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rp). With ectopic PTH secreted into the blood stream, the hypercalcemia caused by malignant existence and osseous metastasis were concealed and misled initially. Literature review: Systematic literature search of previously reported uterine large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and ectopic PTH-secreting neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cases were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE databases respectively. We identified 55 cases of uterine LCNEC and 7 cases of PTH-secreting NET. Clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment and prognosis of all collected cases were summarized. Conclusion: Although quite rare, endometrial cancer can be functional and secret ectopic hormone, causing confusing clinical features. This case demonstrated the challenge in diagnosing malignancy-associated refractory hypercalcemia.
The Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a partially amputated finger using a silicon prosthesis: A case report
Authors: Haque Merazul , Dable Rajani , Mutneja Puneet , Shrivastava Spardha P , Abdullah Sabzar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract :
Loss always has a negative impact on an individual which engraves a feeling of incompleteness in many. Loss of anybody part creates an obstruction in the normal functioning of the body. Mostly the appendages such as arms, fingers, etc have a very important role in routine life which can restrict the living psychologically, functionally, and socially. The goal in rehabilitating a body part should be to create a substitute that is indistinguishable from adjacent and contralateral counterparts. Therefore maxillofacial prosthodontics is not only science but also an art. The present article is a case report of a person with a missing finger briefing the fabrication methodology of a custom-made silicone finger prosthesis.
Aftermath of Covid-19 Pandemic on oral surgery and orthodontic practices in Northern India
Authors: Variyta  , Chhabra Monika , Narula Ravi 
Published: March 2021

The scuttlebutt is already churning out projections about what the post COVID-19 work environment might look like. While we get ‘old-school’ in tackling challenges, we may also want to consider getting ‘tech savvy’ in regards to oral health delivery via teledentistry for prior consultation ultimately decreasing footfall in OPDs. The COVID-19 outbreak serves as both a reminder and an opportunity to assist. This is an ever evolving dynamic situation, and recommendations discussed herein are based on the best currently available information. However, the decision of the treatment of patients still rests with the individual practitioner. The blanket instruction is to dodge all aerosol related procedures in dental setups. It’s dentist prerogative to install all fail-safes and perform restorative procedure requiring AGPs with all efforts to mitigate the risk of transmission of the SARS-Cov-2 virus and for minimal working times with the appropriate PPE and infection control protocols. Even when not using AGPs, it is important that robust infection control measures are employed as this isn’t a perfect world, and we’re still in the throes of a pandemic, making it imperative to cultivate the right mind-set within ourselves. The intent of the present review is to consider changes in the clinical oral and maxillofacial surgery and orthodontic workflow and, allow for a smoother transition, with less risk to our patients and healthcare personnel.
Catastrophic antiphospholipid COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Polushin Yu. S. , Gavrilova E. G. , Shlyk I. V. , Lapin S. V. , Tkachenko О. Yu. 
Published: March 2021

Thrombophilia, as well as multiple organ dysfunction, are typical manifestations of the severe new coronavirus infection that closely resemble the clinical signs of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS). The objective: to assess whether catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome is an essential manifestation of severe forms of COVID-19.Subjects and methods. 45 patients diagnosed with the new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) and a severe course of viral pneumonia (more than 3 points on the NEWS score by the admission, CT 3-4, oxygenation index below 100, the need for at least high-flow oxygen therapy). They were assessed for the development of CAPS due to signs of progressing organ dysfunction despite the ongoing intensive therapy, suspected pulmonary embolism and progressing venous thrombosis of a lower extremity or subclavian vein. It was an essential provision that they should have no signs of bacterial infection (blood procalcitonin should be below 0.5 μg/l). The antiphospholipid syndrome was diagnosed based on the detection of antibodies to β-2-glycoprotein in the blood (A/t β-2-GP1 IgGAM, A/t β-2-GP1 IgM, A/t β-2-GP1 IgG) and to cardiolipin (A/t CL IgM , A/t CL IgG) by ELISA tests. The course of the disease was monitored using other routine clinical (temperature, complete blood and urine counts) tests and blood panel tests reflecting the severity of the systemic inflammatory response (ferritin, CRP, interleukins 6 and 18), and the state of the hemostatic, respiratory, circulatory, liver and kidney systems.Results. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aAPL) moderately exceeding the reference values were detected in 9 out of 45 patients (20%), mainly due to IgA and IgM isotypes to β-2-glycoprotein and IgM isotype to cardiolipin. The assessment of the antibody titer in 5 patients over time (after 7 days) revealed a decrease, but it did not affect the outcome (four of them died). In 36 patients, some traces of aAPL were found that did not reach the lower limit of the norm, despite the uniformity of the clinical signs and similarity of biochemical parameters reflecting the severity of organ disorders. The absence of antibodies did not prevent the development of thrombotic complications (thrombosis of large vessels and pulmonary embolism in 5 patients). There were no other manifestations often associated with CAPS (thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, decreased fibrinogen concentration in the blood). Conclusion. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome is not inevitable in severe COVID-19 cases, however, it can develop as one of the manifestations of thrombophilia that occurs in such patients.
The impact of non-invasive respiratory support techniques on the lethal outcome frequency in adult with severe respiratory failure caused by the new coronavirus infection
Authors: Tsygankov К. A. , Grachev I. N. , Shatalov Vladimir I. , Schegolev А. V. , Аveryanov D. A. , Lakotko R. S. , Karnaushkina М. А. 
Published: March 2021

The objective: to evaluate the effect of high-flow oxygen and non-invasive ventilation on the mortality rate in adults with severe respiratory failure caused by the new coronavirus infection in the intensive care unit (ICU).Subjects and methods. A one-center retrospective study was conducted. Electronic medical files of patients treated in the ICU from April 1 to May 25, 2020, were analyzed. Totally, 101 medical files were selected, further, they were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 49) included patients who received oxygen insufflation, and should it fail, they received traditional artificial ventilation. No non-invasive respiratory therapy was used in this group. Group 2 (n = 52) included patients who received high-flow oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation. The mortality rate in the groups made a primary endpoint for assessing the impact of high-flow oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation. The following parameters were also analyzed: drug therapy, the number of patients in whom non-invasive techniques were used taking into account the frequency of cases when these techniques failed, and the number of patients in whom artificial ventilation was initiated.Results. In Group 2, non-invasive methods of respiratory therapy were used in 31 (60%) cases. High-flow oxygen therapy was used in 19 (36%) of them; in 13 cases this method allowed weaning them from the high flow. Non-invasive ventilation was used in 18 cases, in 12 patients it was used due to progressing severe respiratory failure during humidified oxygen insufflation, in 6 patients – after the failed high-flow oxygen therapy. In Group 1, 25 (51%) patients were intubated and transferred to artificial ventilation, in Group 2, 10 (19.2%) underwent the same. The lethal outcome was registered in 23 (47%) cases in Group 1, and in 10 (19.2%) in Group 2 (p = 0.004). Analysis of drug therapy in the groups revealed the difference in the prescription of pathogenetic therapy. Logistic regression demonstrated the effectiveness of the combination of tocilizumab + a glucocorticoid in reducing the frequency of lethal cases (p = 0.001).Conclusion. The use of non-invasive respiratory support in adults with severe respiratory failure caused by the new coronavirus infection combined with therapy by tocilizumab + a glucocorticoid can reduce the incidence of lethal cases.
The effect of hypocapnia on systemic perfusion in patients with single ventricle after surgery
Authors: Naumov A. В. , Khubulava G. G. , Аleksandrovich Yu. S. , Marchenko S. P. , Pshenisnov К. V. , Pilyugov N. G. 
Published: March 2021

The objective:the aim of the study was to identify the relationship between arterial hypocapnia and systemic hypoperfusion in newborns with single ventricular physiology after hemodynamic correction of congenital heart disease. Subjects and methods.125 newborns with congenital heart defects operated from 2014 to 2018 were examined retrospectively. Arterial and central venous blood gases were collected in the postoperative period. A total of 670 pairs of laboratory results were selected.Results.Based on the presence/absence of hypocapnia (PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg), 2 groups were formed. Group G-0 (the hypocapnic variant of the single-ventricular circulation) comprised 44 observations. Group G-1 (PaCO2 more than 35 mm Hg) included 40 observations. In 32 (38%) cases the level of systemic perfusion was within the normal range, in 52 (62%) cases, systemic hypoperfusion was detected. In samples corresponding to Group G-1, signs of DOS were observed in 20 cases. The study showed that the most pronounced intergroup difference in parametric data was observed among indicators reflecting oxygen consumption and, as a consequence, the system flow rate (РO2 in mixed venous blood, saturation in mixed venous blood, arterio-venous difference in saturation, O2 content in venous blood, O2 extraction ratio, arterio-venous difference in РCO2). In addition, the HF markers such as arterio-venous difference in saturation, O2 extraction ratio, arterio-venous difference in РCO2 had a strong correlation with the signs of systemic hypoperfusion. In the hypocapnic group, the tendency for more pronounced desaturation of venous blood was determined, and a higher arterio-venous difference in saturation, O2 content in venous blood, O2 extraction ratio, and arterio-venous difference in РCO2 parameters were also noted.Conclusions.Arterial hypocapnia may be a sign of pulmonary overflow and reduction of systemic blood flow in newborns with single ventricular physiology, after hemodynamic correction of congenital heart disease. When managing newborns with parallel circulation, hypocapnia should be avoided as a factor contributing to the redistribution of blood flow from left to right and the development of systemic hypoperfusion.
First record of the ectoparasitic nematode Amplimerlinius macrurus (Nematoda: Tylenchida) on the perennial grass Miscanthus × giganteus (Angiosperms: Poaceae) in Ukraine
Authors: Stefanovska Tatyana , Skwiercz Andrzej , Flis Łukasz , Pidlisnyuk Valentina , Zouhar Miloslav 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The growing interest in biomass production of Miscanthus × giganteus (M × g) (Poaceae) on agricultural and marginal lands has prompted researches to identify plant pathogens and diseases affecting this crop which has a great potential for production of biofuels and different bioproducts. A soil survey of nematodes in the M × g rhizosphere and a report on the collection of the plant-parasitic nematode Amplimerlinius macrurus (Belonolaimidae) were accomplished in two locations in Ukraine. It is known that this family of nematodes can reduce the root system and biomass of Poaceae family plants. Both molecular and morphological characters were used to identify the nematodes; measurements and photomicrographs of the species were presented. This is the first documentation and description of A. macrurus in Ukraine to the best of our knowledge. Further investigation is underway to confirm the pathogenicity of this species on perennial grasses plantations.
CONTRADIÇÕES NO PARAÍSO: considerações sobre o planejamento territorial no Litoral Norte Paulista
Authors: Lourenço Suzana 
Published: March 2021

O presente texto aborda diferentes aspectos do planejamento ambiental e urbano no Litoral Norte Paulista (LNP). Enfatizamos a necessidade da incorporação - nas normas, leis e instrumentos de aplicação e fiscalização - de projeções de cenários para que a sociedade da região esteja preparada para lidar com as mudanças climáticas e ambientais intensificadas a partir de 1970. Para isso, é necessária a produção de dados e indicadores que respaldem decisões políticas. Usamos a perspectiva da geografia histórica para refletir sobre como se deu a ocupação humana e as especificidades de uso do solo. Foram consultadas bases de dados sobre aspectos ambientais, climáticos e sociais. Partimos da premissa que os projetos de desenvolvimento são descolados à realidade socioambiental pela própria natureza vertical do processo de formulação de políticas e pela realidade da pouca prática de produção de informação socioambiental nas localidades e municípios. Regionalmente, essa prática reflete no aumento da fragmentação da Mata Atlântica e o avanço de mudanças no clima. As consequentes redefinições socioambientais e territoriais que se sobrepuseram dependem, atualmente, de estruturas de governo que não dispõem de estrutura informacional que sustente a regulação. Portanto, faz-se necessário soluções compartilhadas que podem fortalecer os governos locais por meio da produção de dados por meio de coletivos da sociedade civil e instituições de pesquisa.
Palavras-chave: Litoral Norte, São Paulo, planejamento.
Synergistic and Safe Antidiabetic Effect of Polyherbal Formulation: Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Pande Vipinchandra Bhaskarrao , Chandel Saket Singh , Soni Vishal 
Published: March 2021

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and enhances the glucose level in the blood. The synthetic antidiabetic agents are limited to the management of diabetes due to its adverse effects. The herbal medicines are the alternative and better option for the management of diabetes. Mostly Ayurvedic formulations are polyherbal formulation and impart chief role for the treatment of diabetes. The polyherbal formulation illustrates the combination of two or more herbs in formulation. The herbal components in the polyherbal formulation interacts leading to synergistic antidiabetic effect compared to the individual herb. Frequent available reports show evidence of synergistic effect of polyherbal drugs and their mechanism of action. But due to scanty availability of these reports in electronic libraries the researcher has to search the hard copies which leads to wastage of effort and time. To overcome these lacuna, this article was undertaken to scientifically review the in vitro and in vivo research studies on antidiabetic polyherbal formulations Further, the data presented in this review exploration of synergistic mechanisms of the antidiabetic polyherbal formulation will not only assist researchers to discover new phytomedicines or drug combinations but also support to avoid the possible negative synergy. Additionally, it would assist in clinical research for carrying out clinical trials to assess the efficacy of these herbal combinations and guide in understanding their synergistic mechanisms.
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La introducción de la Criminología en la Universidad de Mayores. Una experiencia docente
Authors: Bárcena-López Paloma 
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo pretende dar a conocer una experiencia docente llevada a cabo en el programa de la Universidad de Mayores del Centro Asociado de la UNED en Madrid. En el artículo se presenta todo el desarrollo del proyecto, desde la investigación previa hasta la puesta en práctica. Los programas de Universidad de Mayores ocupan un lugar destacado en el mundo universitario. Es un programa innovador que rompe con la pedagogía tradicional, en el sentido de que no está enfocado a la obtención de un título universitario, sino a que los mayores tengan mejor calidad de vida. En este artículo se analiza la evolución de estos programas, tanto en España como en otros países europeos. Así como, la introducción de la Criminología como asignatura, que incluye el diseño del proyecto, la adaptación de los contenidos al perfil de alumno, la elección de las actividades que se desarrollan fuera del aula, la adaptación a la docencia on line con motivo del Covid-19 y, por supuesto, la evolución y el aprendizaje de los alumnos.
Studi Histomorfometri Usus Halus Kambing Peranakan Etawah
Authors: Cahyadi I Made Wima , Suwiti Ni Ketut , Suastika Putu 
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui struktur histologi dan morfometri usus halus kambing Peranakan Etawah. Sebanyak enam belas sampel berupa usus halus kambing Peranakan Etawah jantan dan betina umur muda dan dewasa, dibuat sediaan histologi. Diwarnai dengan metode Harris-Hematoksilin Eosin (HE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, struktur histologi usus halus dibedakan atas duodenum, yeyunum dan ileum. Disusun atas empat lapisan, yakni tunika mukosa lapisan yang paling tebal, submukosa, muskularis, dan yang paling tipis tunika serosa. Tunika muskularis jejunum lebih tebal dari pada tunika submukosa. Pada Tunika mukosa ditemukan: vili, sel absorsi, sel goblet, sel paneth, lamina propria, kelenjar usus, dan lamina muskularis mukosa. Pada tunika muskularis ditemukan otot polos yang tersusun melingkar pada bagian dalam dan memanjang pada bagian luar, sedangkan pada tunika serosa ditemukan banyak jaringan ikat longgar. Pada tunika sub mukosa dari duodenum ditemukan kelenjar brunner, pada ileum ditemukan peyer patches, sedangkan pada jejunum ditemukan jaringan ikat longgar dan pembuluh darah.
Kajian Toksisitas Sub Akut Ekstrak Etanol Anggur Bali pada Tikus Wistar
Authors: Sudimartini Luh Made , Nico Fajar Gunawan I Wayan , Wirata I Wayan , Kardena I Made , Oka Darmayudha Anak Agung Gde , Avianti Saritjang Amelia 
Published: March 2021

Anggur bali merupakan sumber antioksidan dengan kandungan flavonoid dan antosianin yang cukup tinggi yang memiliki banyak manfaat di bidang kesehatan seperti menurunkan kolesterol, anti kanker, menghambat penuaan dan melindungi jantung. Karena manfaatnya tersebut, buah anggur bali banyak di konsumsi masyarakat dengan cara dimakan langsung, diminum dalam bentuk jus ataupun dalam bentuk ekstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui toksisitas sub akut ekstrak etanol buah anggur bali (Vitis vinera cv. Alphonso lavelle) terhadap perubahan SGOT dan SGPT hati tikus wistar jantan. Uji ini meliputi uji toksisitas sub-akut dan uji efek farmakologis. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (Completely Randomized Design) menggunakan post-test only control group design. Total tikus putih yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 24 ekor, yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok tikus yang diberi ekstrak etanol buah anggur bali 0,3 g/ml/kg BB (P1), kelompok tikus yang diberi ekstrak etanol buah anggur bali 3 g/ml/kgBB (P2), dan kelompok tikus yang diberi ekstrak etanol buah anggur bali 30 g/ml kg BB (P3).Masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 6 ekor tikus putih jantan. Pada penelitian ini, pemberian ekstrak etanol buah anggur dilakukan per oral sebanyak satu kali per-hari selama 28 hari. Setelah 28 hari perlakuan, tikus wistar dieuthanasi dan sampel darah diambil melalui Chantus Medial Orbitalis kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam tabung non-EDTA. Sampel darah yang telah disentrifugasi dan menjadi serum kemudian dimasukkan kedalam tabung eppendorf digunakan untuk uji kadar SGOT dan SGPT. Hasil analisa dengan One Way ANOVA pada kadar SGPT hati tikus menunjukkan adanya perubahan yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis lanjutan dengan menggunakan Duncan-test. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan Duncan Test, perubahan terjadi pada kelompok tikus perlakuan P3 yang diberikan ekstrak etanol buah anggur bali dengan dosis 30 g/ml/kgBB berbeda nyata terhadap kelompok perlakuan kontrol (P0) sehingga campuran bahan tersebut termasuk dalam golongan bahan practically non toxic.