bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic insecurity and compliance with the COVID‐19 restrictions
Authors: Normand Alice , Marot Medhi , Darnon Céline 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present research investigates economic insecurity as one potential determinant of citizens' compliance with restrictive policies implemented to combat the spread of the COVID‐19 virus. Two pre‐registered studies (NStudy 1 = 305; NStudy 2 = 175) were conducted in France during the second and the third wave of the pandemic to test correlational (Study 1) and causal (Study 2) links between economic insecurity, perceived constraints, and transgressions (self‐reported, Study 1; intended, Study 2). We hypothesized that the effect of economic insecurity is particularly strong for restrictions involving social affiliations (e.g., not meeting with friends and families). Results indicated that economic insecurity indeed increases perceived constraints and the tendency to transgress but for all types of restrictions (involving social affiliation or not). We propose that economic insecurity poses a threat to individuals' self‐agency, which triggers psychological reactance to any form of restrictions on individual freedom.
Heat and mass transport performance of MHD elastico‐viscous fluid flow over a vertically oriented magnetized surface with magnetic and thermo diffusions
Authors: Singh Jitendra K. , Seth Gauri S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe key objective in this study is to examine the heat and mass transport behavior of magnetohydrodynamic elastic‐viscous fluid flow over a vertically oriented magnetized surface placed in a uniform permeable regime with magnetic and thermo diffusions. The fluid is partially ionized and permeated to flow in the presence of a strong magnetic field domain. Hence the Hall current effect is considered in this investigation. The significance of rotation and induced magnetic field on the flowing nature are also scrutinized in this study. The mathematical model of the problem is converted to a similar model by introducing suitable nondimensional variables. To obtain the closed‐form solutions of the flow leading equations, the regular perturbation analysis is utilized. For the exhibition of results, figures and tables are generated with the assistance of scientific computation software MATHEMATICA. Computed results are validated with the existing result in the limiting case. Such an investigation is important in evaluating the flow characteristics of low magnetic diffusive viscoelastic fluid. A noteworthy result seen is that magnetic diffusion significantly controls the fluid flow by altering the magnetic drag force. Mass diffusion factor brings an increase in the fluid velocity. Furthermore, we observed that the surface current density along the principal flow direction is significantly reduced by magnetic diffusion and mass diffusion factor.
Impact of agricultural water management interventions on upstream–downstream trade‐offs in the upper Cauvery catchment, southern India: a modelling study*
Authors: Wable Pawan S. , Garg Kaushal K. , Nune Rajesh , Venkataradha Akuraju , KH Anantha , Srinivasan Veena , Ragab Ragab , Rowan John , Keller Virginie , Majumdar Pradeep , Rees Gwyn , Singh Ramesh , Dixit Sreenath 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Cauvery basin in southern India is experiencing transboundary issues due to increasing water demand. This study analysed water balance components and the impact of agricultural water management (AWM) interventions in the upper Cauvery catchment of the Cauvery basin. Results showed that the study catchment receives an average of 1280 mm of annual rainfall. Of this, 29% (370 mm) flows downstream, 54% (700 mm) contributes to evapotranspiration (ET) and 17% (215 mm) contributes to groundwater recharge and surface storage. Rainfall varies from 700 to 5400 mm and the Western Ghats (mountain pass) are the main source of freshwater generation. The estimated ET in different catchments ranged from 500 to 900 mm per annum. An increase in the allocation of fresh water supplied by all three reservoirs (Hemavathi, Harangi and KRS) was observed in the canal command areas, from 1450 million cubic metres (MCM) yr‾¹ in 1971–1980 to 3800 MCM yr‾¹ in 2001–2010. AWM interventions harvested 140–160 MCM (13–20 mm) of surface runoff upstream of the upper Cauvery and reduced inflow into the Krishnaraja Sagar reservoir by 2–6%. The study findings are useful for designing and planning suitable water management interventions at basin scale.
Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Protein Inhibition Blocks Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Expansion in Bone Through Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Reversal
Authors: Li Jiarong , Camirand Anne , Zakikhani Mahvash , Sellin Karine , Guo Yubo , Luan XiaoRui , Mihalcioiu Catalin , Kremer Richard 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTParathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) plays a major role in skeletal metastasis but its action mechanism has not been fully defined. We previously demonstrated the crucial importance of PTHrP in promoting mammary tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis in a mouse model with a mammary epithelium‐targeted Pthlh gene ablation. We demonstrate here a novel mechanism for bone invasion involving PTHrP induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) regulation. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐mediated Pthlh gene ablation was used to study EMT markers, phenotype, and invasiveness in two triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell types (established MDA‐MB‐231 and patient‐derived PT‐TNBC cells). In vitro, Pthlh ablation in TNBC cells reduced EMT markers, mammosphere‐forming ability, and CD44high/CD24low cells ratio. In vivo, cells were injected intratibially into athymic nude mice, and therapeutic treatment with our anti‐PTHrP blocking antibody was started 2 weeks after skeletal tumors were established. In vivo, compared to control, lytic bone lesion from Pthlh ‐ablated cells decreased significantly over 2 weeks by 27% for MDA‐MB‐231 and by 75% for PT‐TNBC‐injected mice (p < 0.001). Micro‐CT (μCT) analyses also showed that antibody therapy reduced bone lytic volume loss by 52% and 48% for non‐ablated MDA‐MB‐231 and PT‐TNBC, respectively (p < 0.05). Antibody therapy reduced skeletal tumor burden by 45% and 87% for non‐ablated MDA‐MB‐231 and PT‐TNBC, respectively (p < 0.002) and caused a significant decrease of CSC/EMT markers ALDH1, vimentin, and Slug, and an increase in E‐cadherin in bone lesions. We conclude that PTHrP is a targetable EMT molecular driver and suggest that its pharmacological blockade can provide a potential therapeutic approach against established TNBC‐derived skeletal lesions. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Interleukin-1 Is Overexpressed in Injured Muscles Following Spinal Cord Injury and Promotes Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification
Authors: Tseng Hsu-Wen , Kulina Irina , Girard Dorothée , Gueguen Jules , Vaquette Cedryck , Salga Marjorie , Fleming Whitney , Jose Beulah , Millard Susan M , Pettit Allison R , Schroder Kate , Thomas Gethin , Wheeler Lawrie , Genêt François , Banzet Sébastien , Alexander Kylie A , Lévesque Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs) form in periarticular muscles after severe spinal cord (SCI) and traumatic brain injuries. The pathogenesis of NHO is poorly understood with no effective preventive treatment. The only curative treatment remains surgical resection of pathological NHOs. In a mouse model of SCI-induced NHO that involves a transection of the spinal cord combined with a muscle injury, a differential gene expression analysis revealed that genes involved in inflammation such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were overexpressed in muscles developing NHO. Using mice knocked-out for the gene encoding IL-1 receptor (IL1R1) and neutralizing antibodies for IL-1α and IL-1β, we show that IL-1 signaling contributes to NHO development after SCI in mice. Interestingly, other proteins involved in inflammation that were also overexpressed in muscles developing NHO, such as colony-stimulating factor-1, tumor necrosis factor, or C-C chemokine ligand-2, did not promote NHO development. Finally, using NHO biopsies from SCI and TBI patients, we show that IL-1β is expressed by CD68+ macrophages. IL-1α and IL-1β produced by activated human monocytes promote calcium mineralization and RUNX2 expression in fibro-adipogenic progenitors isolated from muscles surrounding NHOs. Altogether, these data suggest that interleukin-1 promotes NHO development in both humans and mice. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Improve Fracture Risk Prediction Beyond Garvan and FRAX: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study
Authors: Alajlouni Dima , Tran Thach , Bliuc Dana , Blank Robert D , Cawthon Peggy M , Orwoll Eric S , Center Jacqueline R 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Muscle strength and physical performance are associated with fracture risk in men. However, it is not known whether these measurements enhance fracture prediction beyond Garvan and FRAX tools. A total of 5665 community-dwelling men, aged ≥65 years, from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study, who had data on muscle strength (grip strength) and physical performance (gait speed and chair stand tests), were followed from 2000 to 2019 for any fracture, major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), initial hip, and any hip fracture. The contributions to different fracture outcomes were assessed using Cox's proportional hazard models. Tool-specific analysis approaches and outcome definitions were used. The added predictive values of muscle strength and physical performance beyond Garvan and FRAX were assessed using categorical net reclassification improvement (NRI) and relative importance analyses. During a median follow-up of 13 (interquartile range 7–17) years, there were 1014 fractures, 536 MOFs, 215 initial hip, and 274 any hip fractures. Grip strength and chair stand improved prediction of any fracture (NRI for grip strength 3.9% and for chair stand 3.2%) and MOF (5.2% and 6.1%). Gait speed improved prediction of initial hip (5.7%) and any hip (7.0%) fracture. Combining grip strength and the relevant performance test further improved the models (5.7%, 8.9%, 9.4%, and 7.0% for any, MOF, initial, and any hip fractures, respectively). The improvements were predominantly driven by reclassification of those with fracture to higher risk categories. Apart from age and femoral neck bone mineral density, muscle strength and performance were ranked equal to or better than the other risk factors included in fracture models, including prior fractures, falls, smoking, alcohol, and glucocorticoid use. Muscle strength and performance measurements improved fracture risk prediction in men beyond Garvan and FRAX. They were as or more important than other established risk factors. These measures should be considered for inclusion in fracture risk assessment tools. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Toward universal substituent constants: Transferability of group descriptors from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules
Authors: Lefrancois‐Gagnon Kevin M. , Mawhinney Robert C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraditionally, substituents are described not by their intrinsic properties, but by their effect elsewhere in a molecule. However, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) provides a route to intrinsic substituent descriptors. Ideally, these descriptors would exhibit minimal change as the local environment changes, and hence be considered transferable. Whether this is true is an open question. Here, we evaluated the transferability of QTAIM functional group descriptors for 117 functional groups in a series of 17 substrates to determine whether descriptors obtained using hydrogen as substrate are transferable. The functional group volume has a strong, consistent, linear relationship throughout. All other hydrogen‐based group descriptors exhibit a relatively strong linear relationship with those in carbon‐based substrates and a reasonable linear relationship with those in non‐carbon‐based substrates. Outliers are readily interpretable in terms of substrate induced functional group geometry changes. As expected, directional descriptors lying along the substituent‐substrate axis are the least conserved.
Mindfulness and meaningfulness in managing knowledge: A theoretical model
Authors: Rechberg Isabel D. W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the theoretical construct developed here, mindfulness and meaningfulness are introduced as valuable antecedents for managing knowledge at work. A comprehensive module to practice knowledge management (KM) through mindfulness and meaningfulness is developed through an extensive literature review. Individuals who are the source of all knowledge can draw on mindfulness and meaningfulness in order to facilitate their knowledge creation and knowledge sharing abilities. Integrating mindfulness and meaningfulness into the development of KM initiatives at work further amplifies individuals' mindful and meaningful creation and share of knowledge. This study is the first of its kind to shed light on the theoretical foundations of the positive impact of mindfulness on knowledge processing, and in accord with meaningfulness, this is the first study to address the importance of mindful and meaningful KM practices to enable knowledge sharing and creation. Suggestions for practitioners seeking to establish mindful and meaningful KM practices are discussed and further research proposed.
Project‐based work in times of COVID‐19: A dynamic framework for knowledge exchange
Authors: Abualqumboz Moheeb 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKnowledge exchange is the key to help knowledge‐intensive firms (KIFs) innovate and communicate with their clients. However, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, many assumptions have been challenged, and as a consequence, this study aims to investigate the effect of the pandemic on knowledge exchange processes in KIFs and how firms responded to the pressing challenges that consequently emerged. This study illustrates how KIFs managed to navigate through the pandemic and exchanged knowledge with their clients in a new dynamic landscape despite the challenges that affected their client base and knowledge workers alike. Using multiple data sources, including 27 interviews, observation, informal conversations, and virtual guided tours, the article provides a three‐phase framework with the assistance of a simplified process lens. The framework phases (disharmony, normalisation, and harmony) illustrate how KIFs responded to the challenges, developed capabilities, and provided support.
Imprint of overgrazing on the soil and vegetation of fertility islands in the degraded succulent Karoo, South Africa
Authors: Saaed Muniem W. , Jacobs Shayne M. , Masubelele Mmoto L. , Samuels Igshaan M. , Khomo Lesego 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIslands of fertility (IOF) emerge when vegetation exerts such a considerable influence on soil properties that sub‐canopies become significantly more fertile than inter‐canopies. How confounding phenomena such as grazing patterns, seedbank dynamics and temporal changes impact IOF, has not been thoroughly examined. Soil and vegetation characteristics of 43 IOF in the Tankwa Karoo were surveyed along a rainfall gradient spanning three plant communities. Sixteen were in the Tankwa Karoo (TK) plant community, 14 in the Tankwa Wash (TW) and 13 in the Tankwa Escarpment (TE). The IOF were identified from aerial photos as clumps of shrubs separated by bare patches. Soils were described in 2014 and the seedbank composition in 2014 and 2015. Concentrations of nutrients, carbon and sodium were measured in IOF less than 5 years, 5–15 years and 30 years liberated from livestock grazing. Electrical conductivity, clay, nitrogen and carbon were the only soil properties that were significantly different from IOF to bare patch. The seedbank in IOF was identical to that in the bare patches. There was no significant difference in IOF versus bare patch nutrient concentrations in the three sampling locations. The soil in IOF was richer, more fertile and had a better structure than the soil in bare patches between IOF. There was a sharp turnover in seedbank composition in the two, drought‐ridden years. Longer grazing exclusion did not influence the nutrient concentrations. Findings here suggest that IOF are dynamic in space and time and are essential elements of landscape heterogeneity with critical ecosystem services. They should hence be managed and monitored to sustain them in landscapes to reverse their degradation, despite being the result of degradation.
An MDS Evidence‐Based Review on Treatments for Huntington's Disease
Authors: Ferreira Joaquim J. , Rodrigues Filipe B. , Duarte Gonçalo S. , Mestre Tiago A. , Bachoud‐Levi Anne‐Catherine , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Burgunder Jean‐Marc , Cardoso Francisco , Claassen Daniel O. , Landwehrmeyer G. Bernard , Kulisevsky Jaime , Nirenberg Melissa J. , Rosser Anne , Roth Jan , Seppi Klaus , Slawek Jaroslaw , Furr‐Stimming Erin , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Walker Francis O. , Vandenberghe Wim , Costa João , Sampaio Cristina 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuntington's disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with protean clinical manifestations. Its management is challenging, consisting mainly of off‐label treatments.ObjectivesThe International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to review and evaluate the evidence of available therapies for HD gene expansion carriers.MethodsWe followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Eligible randomized controlled trials were identified via an electronic search of the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases. All eligible trials that evaluated one or more of 33 predetermined clinical questions were included. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A framework was adapted to allow for efficacy and safety conclusions to be drawn from the balance between the GRADE level of evidence and the importance of the benefit/harm of the intervention.ResultsTwenty‐two eligible studies involving 17 interventions were included, providing data to address 8 clinical questions. These data supported a likely effect of deutetrabenazine on motor impairment, chorea, and dystonia and of tetrabenazine on chorea. The data did not support a disease‐modifying effect for premanifest and manifest HD. There was no eligible evidence to support the use of specific treatments for depression, psychosis, irritability, apathy, or suicidality. Similarly, no evidence was eligible to support the use of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, exercise, dietary, or surgical treatments.ConclusionsData for therapeutic interventions in HD are limited and support only the use of VMAT2 inhibitors for specific motor symptoms. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
LCP: Simple Representation of Docking Poses for Machine Learning: A Case Study on Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
Authors: Kawai Kentaro , Asanuma Yoshitaka , Kato Toshiki , Karuo Yukiko , Tarui Atsushi , Sato Kazuyuki , Omote Masaaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a simple descriptor called the ligand coordinate profile (LCP) for describing docking poses. The LCP descriptor is generated from the coordinates of the polar hydrogen and heavy atoms of the docked ligand. We hypothesize that the prediction of binding poses can be enhanced through the combination of machine learning methods with the LCP descriptor. Two docking programs were used to predict ligand docking against xanthine oxidase. Four machine learning methods‐k‐nearest neighbors, random forest, support vector machine, and LightGBM‐were used to determine whether machine learning‐based models could be used to accurately identify the correct binding poses. Regardless of the machine learning method employed, the LCP descriptor demonstrated improved performance compared to the existing descriptor. The results of the leave‐one‐pdb‐out approach revealed that the influence of the pose descriptor was also significant, as demonstrated through cross‐validation. When evaluated using top‐N metrics, the machine learning models were generally more effective than the docking programs. In addition, the LCP‐based models outperformed those based on the existing descriptor. The results obtained in this study suggest that our proposed binding pose descriptor is effective for improving the docking accuracy of xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Cyanidin‐3‐O‐Glucoside Supplementation Ameliorates Metabolic Insulin Resistance via Restoration of Nitric Oxide‐Mediated Endothelial Insulin Transport
Authors: Geng Xiuwen , Ji Jiajun , Liu Yuanhua , Li Xueyan , Chen Yunan , Su Lei , Zhao Lina 
Published: November 2021

ScopeAnthocyanin cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (Cy3G) possesses a great potential in prevention of diabetes and its vascular complications while the underlying mechanisms are still far from clear. Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial insulin transport plays a critical role in regulating metabolic insulin sensitivity. Whether Cy3G can modulate metabolic insulin resistance via regulating endothelial insulin transport is not reported yet.Methods and ResultsPalmitic acid (PA)‐treated mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) model and high‐fat diet (HFD) fed mice model are used. Compared with HFD mice, Cy3G supplementation decrease exogenous insulin content in skeletal muscle and ameliorate metabolic insulin resistance. In culture, Cy3G can directly ameliorate PA‐induced impairment on FITC‐insulin uptake in MAECs. Mechanistically, Cy3G can effectively decrease inflammatory cytokines and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor‐kappa‐B inhibitor alpha (IκBα) activation, and restore the attenuated Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Blunted nitric oxide (NO) synthase with N‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) can effectively abolish the protective role of Cy3G on endothelial insulin transport and insulin‐stimulated glucose utilization in HFD‐fed mice.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Cy3G supplementation can directly restore the attenuated nitic oxide‐mediated endothelial insulin transport and thereby ameliorate metabolic insulin resistance. Our finding can provide a novel explanation for the anti‐diabetic effects of Cy3G.