bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Angle-average Approximation in the Partial Frequency Redistribution Modeling of the Mg ii h–k Doublet Stokes Profiles
Authors: del Pino Alemán Tanausú , Alsina Ballester Ernest , Trujillo Bueno Javier , Janett Gioele , Riva Fabio , Belluzzi Luca 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the Mg ii h and k lines have become increasingly important for the diagnostics of magnetic fields in the solar chromosphere, motivated both by the advances in the modeling capabilities of their polarization and by the unprecedented spectropolarimetric observations provided by the CLASP missions. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the angular and frequency coupling in coherent scattering processes in the radiative transfer modeling of the Mg ii doublet polarization profiles. In particular, we aim to assess how the widely used angle-average approximation affects the predicted polarization. By solving the radiative transfer problem in 1D semiempirical atmospheric models, we find that this approximation is suitable in the absence of magnetic fields, but there can be measurable differences in magnetized models, mainly in the linear polarization profiles close to the core of the Mg ii k line. We then test the suitability of the approximation in more realistic scenarios, solving the radiative transfer problem pixel-by-pixel in a 3D atmospheric model resulting from a magnetohydrodynamic simulation and mimicking the degradation of the CLASP2 instrument, as well as in several 1D atmospheric models resulting from the Stokes inversion of the CLASP2 data. We find that the impact of the angle-average approximation is greatly diminished at the resolution of the CLASP2 observations. We also find that to suitably include angle-dependent effects in 1D radiative transfer modeling, it is sufficient to initialize the problem with the angle-average solution and then perform a few (angle-dependent) iterations, dramatically reducing the computational cost.
Moderate-separation Binary Companions May Influence Young Stellar X-Ray Luminosity
Authors: Clark M , Sullivan Kendall , Soares-Furtado Melinda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Young pre-main sequence stars exhibit elevated X-ray levels due to their strong magnetic activity. Understanding young stars’ X-ray activity is essential for contextualizing the forming planets that they host. Binary stars present a unique environment that may influence planet formation and evolution. In this work, we assembled a sample of 65 systems with stellar characterization from the literature and X-ray fluxes from the XMM-Newton Extended Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud to investigate the potential relationship between binary separation and X-ray flux. We found that binary stars with separations smaller than the sample median may exhibit elevated X-ray flux compared to single stars. This suggests that binary companions could influence stellar and planetary evolution and warrants further investigation.
The Mass–Radius Relation for Planets in Binary Systems
Authors: Gaidos Eric , Clark Catherine A. , Sullivan Kendall 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Stellar companion within a few hundred astronomical unit alter the structure and shorten the lifetime of protoplanetary disks, influencing planetary formation and evolution. Such systems host fewer close-in planets, and have fewer ~2.3R
⊕ “sub-Neptunes” relative to ~1.3R
⊕ “super-Earths” compared to single-star hosts, observations that can be explained by early dissipation of the gas disk. Here we construct the mass–radius diagram of 15 small (<8R
⊕), well-characterized planets on S-type orbits in systems with projected separations <500 au, and show that it is indistinguishable from that of planets around single stars. This suggests that accretion of the H2-dominated envelopes of sub-Neptunes could be much faster than gas disk dissipation and limited instead by available solids for cores, or that many sub-Neptunes have envelopes of condensible volatiles such as H2O.
A Comparison of Publication Counts for Four Ultraviolet Explorer Observatories
Authors: Smith Graeme H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Publication counts for four space-based ultraviolet observatories are compared: International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE), Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), and Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX). The first three show rapid rises to either a sharp or broad maximum. Over the peak period for IUE the papers tend to be concentrated upon data from that mission specifically. Maxima are followed by declines of various duration, after which papers based upon multiple space-based observatories have lead to extended relevancy for each mission, particularly in the case of FUSE. By contrast, papers that incorporate data from GALEX have yet to evince a turn-over. As with FUSE, there is a pronounced trend for results from the GALEX mission to have been incorporated into multi-mission papers.
Analysis of Gaia DR3 Data of Selected R Stars (Warm Carbon Stars)
Authors: Parthasarathy Mudumba 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An analysis of Gaia DR3 data of 67 R stars is presented and 57 of them are at high galactic latitudes. Three new variable stars are found. The long period luminous variable R stars and R8 stars may be variable carbon stars on the Asymptotic Giant Branch. The R stars seem to have luminosities throughout the Red Giant Branch range. Several R stars are found to be high velocity stars. The determination of s-process elements abundances and C12/C13 ratio of the stars listed in Table 1 will enable us to further understand the R stars phenomenon. The process by which the atmospheres of these stars are enriched with carbon is still a puzzle.
Large Post Traumatic Ocular Foreign Body With Good Visual Outcome
Authors: Gupta Anoop Kishore , Sharma Sourabh , Pushker Neelam , Chandra Mahesh 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To report a patient with post traumatic ocularforeign body.

Method:
Case report with relevant review of literature.

Results:
A thirty year old female suffered trauma to right eye with bullet of toy gun. She presented with mild blurring of vision and redness. On examination, aforeign body was seen in medial lower fornix. During exploration it was found to be embedded partially in sclera. The scleral perforation was partial thickness which was repaired. Theforeign body was an aluminum bullet of toy gun.

Conclusion:
This case highlights one of the rare presentations of closed globe injuries as superficial foreign body in sclera with partial thickness perforation.
Prevalence of direct antiglobulin test positive in whole blood donors: Study at a tertiary blood center Northern India
Authors: Bharti Jyoti , Solanki Archana , Singh Ashutosh , Agarwal Mallika , Chandra Tulika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) detects red blood cell (RBC) sensitivity to complement or IgG in vivo. The clinical disorders of hemolytic disease of the newborn, hemolytic transfusion reaction, and autoimmune and drug-induced hemolytic anemia are some examples of those that can cause in vivo coating of RBCs with antibodies or complement autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Rarely, DAT is positive in nonimmune-mediated hemolytic anemias as well. Standard donor screening techniques do not require the DAT to be performed.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of DAT positive in healthy blood donors at a tertiary blood center in North India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This 2-year prospective observational study included whole blood donors from January 2020 to December 2022. A total of 152,564 healthy blood donors including 150,246 (98.5%) males and 2318 (1.5%) females were donated at the department of transfusion medicine.

RESULTS:
Of a total of 152,564 donors, 150,246 (98.5%) were male, and 2,318 (1.5%) were female. Among the male donors, 11 (0.007%) had a history of blood transfusion and 16 (0.011%) tested DAT positive. Among the female donors, 15 (0.647%) had a history of blood transfusion and none of them tested DAT positive.

CONCLUSION:
We observed low levels of DAT positivity in healthy blood donors. Such donors should be regularly monitored to check for any long-term development of malignancies or clinical or laboratory indications of hemolysis. DAT-positive blood units do not supply the recipient at risk, which may cause negative consequences.
Red cell alloimmunization in multitransfused hepatobiliary patients at hospital Selayang
Authors: Nahendran Prasanthini , Budin Siti Balkis , Saat Nur Zakiah Mohd , Yusop Mohd Faeiz , Yazid Tengku Norita Tengku , Anuar Nur Najmi Mohamad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Transfusion support is vital for the management of patients with hepatobiliary disease. Repeated blood transfusions increase the risk of alloimmunization, i.e., the development of alloantibodies, which might lead to difficulties in blood crossmatching.

AIMS:
This study aims to: (1) determine the incidence of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization and (2) evaluate the associations between antibody development and demographic factors among hepatobiliary patients.

METHOD:
ABO blood grouping, antibody screening, antibody identification and crossmatch were done on all patients samples included in the study.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to September 2021, with a total of 132 samples from hepatobiliary patients. The relationships between RBC alloimmunization in transfused hepatobiliary patients and demographic factors (gender, age, and history of transfusion) were assessed by binary logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Overall, 67.4% of the patients developed alloimmunization. The majority had a single alloantibody (75.2%) and the most frequently identified antibody specificities were anti-E (37.6%), anti-c (12.8%), anti-Mia (14.4%), and anti-Kidd (11.2%). The predominant antibodies were those against the Rh system (58.4%). Female patients recorded the highest incidence of alloimmunization (69.8%). Female patients also demonstrated a higher tendency to produce both anti-E + anti-c than male patients.

CONCLUSION:
The prevalence of RBC alloimmunization is high among hepatobiliary patients and it may cause complications requiring multiple transfusions. The number of transfused packed cells has been clearly shown to be proportionally significant with the risk for alloimmunization in hepatobiliary patients. Hence, this study highlights the importance of immunohematology tests before blood transfusion.
A Clinical Study of Isolated Third, Fourth, and Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy at a Tertiary Eye Care Center
Authors: Agrawal Smriti , Karanam Sairani , Vanikireddi Mahathi , Kakumanu Anuradha , Katta Divya Bhargavi 
Published: December 2024

Aim:
To study the clinical profile and etiology of isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsy at a tertiary eye care center.

Objectives:
To study the clinical profile, risk factors, etiology, recovery rate, and role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of isolated third, fourth, and sixth ocular cranial nerve palsy.

Methodology:
It is a hospital-based, prospective, observational study from November 2020 to March 2022.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The analysis was done using the descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test/Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess the differences between the categorical variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A statistical package SPSS version 23.0 was used to do the analysis.

Results:
A total of 37 patients were studied. The mean age of onset was 49.46 ± 17.59 years. The most common cranial nerve palsy was the 6th cranial nerve constituting 54.05% of cases. The most common risk factor was vasculopathic constituting 70.27% of cases. The most common etiology was microvascular ischemia constituting 67.56% of cases. 57.58% of patients showed partial recovery, 24.24% of patients showed full recovery, and 18.2% of cases showed no recovery at 3 months’ follow-up.

Conclusion:
In our study, we found that early neuroimaging has a role in the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of patients and should be done in all patients presenting with acute ocular motor nerve palsy. The most common etiology seen in our study was microvascular ischemia. Eighty-one percent of patients showed partial or full recovery within 3 months. 88.88% of patients with ischemia or infarct showed full or partial recovery within 3 months.
Correlate Ocular Surface Disease Index with Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Score Among Optometry Students
Authors: Mehta Niravkumar , Desai Rupam , Ajudiya Jainisha 
Published: December 2024

Background:
With the increasing prevalence of digital gadget usage, there has been a noticeable impact on ocular health, including conditions such as dry eye attributed to prolonged digital device use and issues related to binocularity or convergence insufficiency. The objective of our research was to conduct a comparative analysis and correlate between scores obtained from the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and the convergence insufficiency symptom score (CISS).

Methods:
This study was a prospective, cross-sectional, quantitative approach through a questionnaire-based study conducted in various optometry institutes from August 2022 to May 2023. The participants comprised students from optometry colleges in Gujarat, with a total of 329 individuals included in the study. Two validated questionnaires, namely the OSDI and the convergence insufficiency symptoms score (CISS), were administered. Data collection utilized a Digital Google form. Subsequently, groups were formed based on digital usage, CISS symptom scores, and OSDI scores.

Results:
Among the total of 329 participants, 31% were male, and 69% were female, with a mean age of 20.26 ± 1.86. The average duration of digital device usage was 4.08 ± 1.95 h. The overall OSDI score was 17.72 ± 17.04, and the CISS score was 11.23 ± 11.27. The study identified a significant and positive correlation between OSDI and CISS scores (r = 0.719, P < 0.01). The one-way analysis of variance indicated a notable increase in OSDI scores corresponding to CISS scores, F (3, 325) = 71.45, P < 0.05. On the normal ocular surface, the mean CISS score was 5.54 ± 6.57, while on the mild OSDI score, it was 11.16 ± 8.89, on the moderate OSDI score, it was 17.51 ± 9.26, and on the severe OSDI score, it was 24.96 ± 13.66.

Conclusion:
We conclude that OSDI and CISS questionnaire is simple, efficient, and affordable treatment for screening. The study concludes there is increase in CISS score with severe OSDI score or vice versa. The current study suggests evaluating both dry eye and binocular vision assessment where students use digital usage for more than 3 h. Awareness campaign to be carried out on limited use of digital devices.
Clinical Profile of Patients with Nonglaucomatous Optic Atrophy
Authors: Verma Nakul , Tuli Rajeev , Sharma Gaurav , Bhardwaj Amit 
Published: December 2024

Aim:
The aim of the study was to study the clinical profile of patients with nonglaucomatous optic atrophy (OA).

Materials and Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care center. The study duration was 1 year. Forty-one subjects presenting with nonglaucomatous OA were studied.

Results:
Eighty-two eyes of 41 subjects were studied. Sixty-three eyes were detected to have OA. The most common cause of OA was found to be trauma (17.1%). The other causes were, raised intracranial tension (14.6%), vascular causes (14.6%), intracranial space-occupying lesions (14.6%), optic neuritis (7.3%), orbital lesions (4.9%), hereditary causes (4.9%), radiation (2.4%), drug toxicity (2.4%), snake bite (2.4%), and postinfectious (2.4%). Etiology could not be detected in 12.2% of the cases. Average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and central macular thickness of the eyes with OA were 69.3 µm (69.3 ± 16.0) and 229.5 µm (229.5 ± 27.8), respectively.

Conclusion:
Visual disability due to OA is not uncommon. Varied etiologies for OA have been observed in this study.
Impact of Coronavirus-2019 Pandemic on Medical Graduates Posted in Coronavirus-2019 Care Facility in India
Authors: Singh Kirti , Shrivastava Shraddha Raj , Sahay Pranita , Singh Arshi , Barmi Bhavna , Gupta Diksha , Frank Arthur L. , Arora Ritu 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
The aim of the study was to assess the professional impact of coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on medical graduates of India.

Methods:
An online questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among final-year medical students and interns providing COVID-19 care during the pandemic. The psychological impact of the pandemic and its influence on career choices was assessed.

Results:
The response rate was 40.9% (676/1650). The majority (67.3%) of participants wished to continue in the medical field and 87% to join a clinical specialty postgraduation. The common factors for stress were due to changes in teaching pattern to virtual classes (66%) and risk of acquiring and transmitting infection to their family (50%). Positive coping ability was noted in 93%, with 62% willing to serve as front-line warriors.

Conclusion:
Final-year medical students and interns contributing to COVID-19 care had stress due to virtual teaching patterns and premature exposure to traumatic clinical scenarios. Good coping ability documented high resilience in the medical graduates.
Analysis of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Glaucoma Suspects and Glaucoma by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and its Correlation with Visual Field Parameters
Authors: Chanekar Samruddhi N. , Usgaonkar Ugam P. S. , Akarkar Shekhar O. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to quantitatively assess the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and compare with standard automated perimetry in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma patients and glaucoma suspects.

Materials and Methods:
RNFL thickness measurement by SD-OCT and visual fields (VFs) parameters assessment was done in 160 eyes of 80 patients who were divided into three categories as 80 glaucomatous eyes, 40 glaucoma suspects, and 40 age- and gender-matched normal controls. RNFL thickness values were analyzed and compared with perimetric results. One-way analysis of variance was used for the mean comparison analysis between the groups. The relationship between VF parameters and the average RNFL thickness was analyzed with the help of receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results:
The mean average RNFL thickness in normal controls, glaucoma suspects, and glaucoma patients was 101.58 ± 5.24, 92.35 ± 5.56, and 79.00 ± 7.97 μ, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a direct significant correlationship between average RNFL thickness and VF parameters of mean deviation and pattern standard deviation in glaucoma suspects and glaucoma patients. There was a significant association between average RNFL thickness and VF defects associated with glaucoma in glaucoma patients’ group.

Conclusion:
Patients with glaucoma had significantly lower RNFL quadrant measurements when compared with glaucoma suspects and normal controls. Analysis of RNFL is an excellent means for the early diagnosis of glaucoma and also aids in monitoring the progression of disease.
Clinical Profile and Management of Neovascular Glaucoma in North India
Authors: Rajurkar Ketaki , Dubey Suneeta , Gandhi Monica , Gurav Prachi , Pegu Julie 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To report the etiology, clinical features, treatment and outcomes of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in a tertiary care ophthalmic center.

Background:
NVG is a devastating ocular disease often leading to loss of vision. The current standard of care includes retinal phtocoagulation and control of increased intraocular pressure with medical and surgical therapy like trabeculectomy, Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) and Trans scleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) with studies comparing them showing varied results. We compared these treatment modalities to find out which is better for IOP control.

Methods:
Retrospective file review.

Results:
230 eyes of 217 patients with NVG were studied. Mean age of the population was 56.99 ± 13.8 years. Venous occlusion (37.4%) was the commonest cause of NVG followed by diabetic retinopathy (35.2%). All the patients were managed medically to begin with. Ninety one patients underwent surgical management. Pan retinal photocoagulation was done for 68.75% patients. Anti- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was given intravitreally for 56.25% patients prior to surgery. Thirty six patients underwent trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C (MMC), eleven patients underwent AGV implantation and thirty three underwent TSCPC. Best corrected visual acuity at baseline was 2.24 ± 0.99. Final visual acuity was 2.67 ± 1.1. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was either stable or improved from baseline in 46.25% patients and deteriorated in 53.5%. All three modalities were equally effective in reducing IOP from baseline (p = 0.00) and there was no statistically significant difference between them taking IOP into consideration as success criteria (p = 0.60). Hyphaema was the commonest complication (22.5%).

Conclusion:
Venous occlusion was the commonest cause of NVG in our setup. All three modalities of treatment, AGV, trabeculectomy with MMC and TSCPC are effective in controlling the disease process. The visual prognosis however remains poor despite surgical treatment due to late presentation and fast progression.
Newer Nuances in Orbital Surgery
Authors: Bhattacharjee Kasturi , Venkatraman Vatsalya 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This article comprehensively compiles the latest technological and surgical advances in the realm of orbital surgery and their application in the pre-operative, intraoperative and post-operative periods.

Methods:
A detailed literature research supplemented by a manual search for the functions of image guidance, three-dimensional printing using computer-assisted manufacturing and ultrasonic surgical aspirator in orbital surgery was conducted and the pearls and pitfalls of the aforementioned tools have been enlisted and elaborated.

Results:
Navigation guided orbital surgery has grown to play a pivotal role in various orbital surgeries such as orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease, post-traumatic orbital fracture repair, and reconstruction, orbital tumor resection, optic canal decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy, extraction of orbital foreign body and endoscopic and lacrimal procedures, by offering enhanced surgical precision. Three-dimensional printing smoothens the potholed road to structural and functional orbital restoration post trauma or surgery. Ultrasonic aspirator is a handy addition, which sophisticates bone and soft tissue removal during decompression or tumor debulking and minimizes the drawbacks of its predecessor technologies.

Conclusion:
The role of image guidance, three-dimensional printing and ultrasonic surgical aspirator in orbital surgeries still bears the scope for further investigation and holds the future of digitally advanced surgical operation within the orbit at its helm.