bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recyclage, transmission, don et contre-don. Le livre et ses nouvelles vies d’occasion
Authors: Bessard-Banquy Olivier 
Published: May 2021

Le livre, pour certains, est toujours l’objet d’un culte et, si l’on peut dire, d’une mise en bibliothèque privée. Mais de plus en plus s’organise une autre vie du livre, mouvante, itinérante. Objet désormais de peu d’importance, souple, maniable, peu cher, il se prête, s’échange, se donne aisément, comme tout se partage sur les réseaux. Les boîtes à livres ont fleuri partout et une entreprise comme Recyclivre a fondé son développement sur la capacité des gens à donner leurs livres pour soutenir de bonnes œuvres. Cette nouvelle vie du livre est-elle le témoin d’un grand désir de vivre dans l’échange, la générosité, la transmission ? Le livre a-t‑il perdu de son prix, de son importance patrimoniale ? Le discours écologiste pousse-t‑il lui aussi à préférer le tri et le recyclage à la consommation de livres neufs ? Qui sont les passeurs du livre qui profitent de ce gigantesque marché d’échange ? L’occasion n’est-elle pas en train de grossir au détriment du neuf ? Et derrière cette nouvelle vie du livre en mouvement ne se cache-t‑il pas un léger refus du grand gâchis d’une édition productiviste qui assomme par des milliers de titres parfois sans grand intérêt ?
Un siècle de pandémies grippales (1889-1970)
Authors: Zylberman Patrick 
Published: May 2021

Depuis August Hirsch (1881), on appelle pandémie grippale une épidémie de grande ampleur se propageant de manière exponentielle, avec des taux d’attaque élevés et une marche épousant les voies de communication terrestres et maritimes (puis aériennes). La pandémie de 1889-1890 – dite grippe « russe » – est la première dont on peut démontrer la dissémination sur l’ensemble du globe. L’un de ses caractères les plus marqués tient aux récurrences de l’infection, lesquelles, jusqu’en 1895, occasionnent une mortalité supérieure à celle causée par la pandémie initiale. La grippe « espagnole » a ravagé la planète entre avril 1918 et avril 1919. Un taux de mortalité dix fois supérieur à celui de la grippe « russe », une proportion importante de complications, une incidence très haute chez les 5-15 ans, les plus de 75 ans déclarant au contraire un taux de létalité inférieur à celui de la période pré-pandémique, près de la moitié des décès chez les 15-40 ans, trois vagues successives à bref intervalle (huit à neuf mois), la deuxième ayant causé des épidémies simultanément dans les deux hémisphères. Les moyens médicaux étant réquisitionnés par l’armée, la population civile a bien souvent manqué de tout : lits, médecins, infirmières, ambulances. Alors que 1918 fait exception dans la série, les deux épisodes de 1957 et 1968 rendent une image assez fidèle de la douzaine de pandémies répertoriées depuis le début du xviii e siècle. Ils se rangent à l’appui de la théorie qui tient la gravité des pandémies dans l’histoire pour inchangée ou déclinante (le cas de 1918-1919 réservé), stabilité ou déclin liés en partie aux progrès social et médical mais aussi au « choix » du virus qui semble privilégier sa transmission aux dépens de sa pathogénicité. En face, des États mal préparés. Ainsi, en France comme aux États-Unis, on vaccine trop peu, trop tard.
La pratique militante des avortements illégaux en France
Authors: Melchior Hugo 
Published: May 2021

À partir de l’été 1972, dans le cadre des luttes féministes pour libérer l’avortement, des militant(e)s grenoblois(e)s décidèrent de rompre à la stratégie exclusivement légaliste et institutionnelle prônée par certaines figures médiatiques et charismatique, comme l’avocate Gisèle Halimi, cofondatrice de l’association « Choisir ». Ils voulurent venir pratiquement et immédiatement en aide aux femmes en détresse, toujours possiblement exposées à la répression pénale et à l’opprobre social. La connaissance de l’existence de la méthode d’avortement par aspiration, dite méthode Karman, puis son appropriation rendirent possible à l’échelle de la ville de Grenoble « cette pratique militante » et politique des avortements provoqués en France. Nous avons voulu nous intéresser à l’histoire de cet agir collectif et transgressif en faveur de l’avortement libre, gratuit, et sécurisé à travers la trajectoire biographique d’Olivier Bernard, étudiant en médecine à Grenoble et militant proféministe au sein de « Choisir », qui importa cette « arme révolutionnaire » en France, tout en participant activement avec d’autres jeunes militant(e)s à son utilisation encadrée, afin que les femmes désireuses d’avorter n’aient plus à risquer leur vie.
Concertation, négociation, médiation : des atouts pour la démocratie en santé
Authors: Couty Édouard 
Published: May 2021

Cet article est un témoignage personnel qui n’a d’autre ambition que de rapporter le plus fidèlement possible quelques expériences de concertations, négociations ou médiations vécues entre 1989 et 2019 sur des thématiques diverses de santé : organisation des soins, diverses professions de santé, médicaments et produits de santé, réforme hospitalière, droits des malades… Sur la base de ces expériences, l’auteur ambitionne de montrer comment les différents processus de concertation, de négociation ou de médiation ont pu faire progresser la démocratie en santé et de commenter les espérances que ces processus portent aujourd’hui quant à la méthode de conception et de mise en œuvre de la politique de santé, et plus largement des politiques publiques.
Sortir de l’incantation ?
Authors: Cordier Alain 
Published: May 2021

Depuis longtemps les rapports se succèdent pour rendre plus efficient notre système de santé, avec souvent des recommandations qui renforcent les précédentes. Et pourtant nous restons loin du compte. Ce papier suggère, pour sortir de l’incantation, d’avoir l’audace de porter sans concession la finalité du soin et du « prendre soin », et de penser sous la contrainte de l’opérationnalité. La perspective vient au jour en recherchant de bons premiers pas, en veillant à la qualité du processus décisionnel, en identifiant avec précision les convergences et les divergences, en optant résolument pour la subsidiarité, en pensant la complexité sans adopter des solutions complexes, en favorisant le questionnement éthique.
Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Mice Immunized with Vaccinia Virus Expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Authors: Harbour Jake C. , Lyski Zoe L. , Schell John B. , Thomas Archana , Messer William B. , Slifka Mark K. , Nolz Jeffrey C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency, and the development of a successful vaccine will ultimately be required to prevent the continued spread and seasonal recurrence of this disease within the human population. However, very little is known about either the quality of the adaptive immune response or the viral Ag targets that will be necessary to prevent the spread of the infection. In this study, we generated recombinant Vaccinia virus expressing the full-length spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 (VacV-S) to evaluate the cellular and humoral immune response mounted against this viral Ag in mice. Both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells specific to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein underwent robust expansion, contraction, and persisted for at least 40 d following a single immunization with VacV-S. Vaccination also caused the rapid emergence of spike-specific IgG-neutralizing Abs. Interestingly, both the cellular and humoral immune responses strongly targeted the S1 domain of spike following VacV-S immunization. Notably, immunization with VacV-expressing spike conjugated to the MHC class II invariant chain, a strategy previously reported by us and others to enhance the immunogenicity of antigenic peptides, did not promote stronger spike-specific T cell or Ab responses in vivo. Overall, these findings demonstrate that an immunization approach using VacV or attenuated versions of VacV expressing the native, full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein could be used for further vaccine development to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Accuracy of non-invasive haemoglobin measurements in patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate surgery
Authors: Selvaraj Naveen , Jain Gaurav , Tripathy Debendra Kumar , Mittal Ankur , Indulekha Haritha 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of non-invasive haemoglobin (SpHb) compared to laboratory venous haemoglobin (tHb) measurements among patients undergoing elective transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) surgery under spinal anaesthesia.

Methods:
In a prospective, observational, outcome-assessor blinded, cohort trial, we enroled 50 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) I-II patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The primary outcome included SpHb and tHb measurements performed at four perioperative time-points: just before initiating the fluid preload (T1), and at 30 min (T2), 1 h (T3), and 2 h (T4) after starting the prostate resection, respectively. Statistical tool included intra-class correlation (ICC), Bland-Altman plots, and linear regression analysis.

Results:
We collected 200 SpHb/tHb data sets from 50 patients. The SpHb had a non-significant negative bias of –0.83 g/dL, –0.43 g/dL, –0.81 g/dL, and –0.46 g/dL, with limits of agreement of 2.6 g/dL to –4.2 g/dL, 2.4 g/dL to –3.3 g/dL, 1.3 g/dL to –2.8 g/dL, and 1.4 g/dL to –2.3 g/dL, for T1 to T4, respectively. The SpHb/tHb pairs correlated significantly (time-dependent increase in ICC from T1 to T4). The SpHb-tHb difference correlated significantly with corresponding serum sodium (T1 to T3), but not with perfusion index. No correlation existed between % change in SpHb-tHb difference (T1 to T4), and intraoperative blood loss or perioperative weight gain.

Conclusion:
The SpHb exhibited a clinically acceptable negative bias compared to tHb during TURP surgery. Although a wide limit of agreement between the SpHb/tHb pairs is a limitation, the real-time SpHb trends can still serve in clinical judgement.
Comparative efficacy of supraclavicular versus infraclavicular approach of subclavian vein cannulation under ultrasound guidance
Authors: T Mageshwaran , Singla Deepak , Agarwal Ankit , Kumar Ajit , Tripathy Debendra K , Agrawal Sanjay 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims:
Subclavian vein (SCV) cannulation can be performed using either supraclavicular (SC) or infraclavicular (IC) long-axis approach under ultrasound guidance (USG). However, their relative efficacy remains debatable. The aim of this study was to compare these two approaches in terms of safety, ease, success rate, and record the incidence of complications.

Methods:
We studied 90 adult patients distributed into two groups of 45 each. Data regarding the time taken for first venous puncture, the time required for inserting the catheter, the total number of attempts, the incidence of guidewire misplacement, and other mechanical complications were compared using Student's t-test for quantitative data and Chi-square test for qualitative value.

Results:
Mean puncture time was significantly lesser in group SC than IC (P-value < 0.001). Mean catheter insertion time taken was also significantly less in group SC than IC (P-value = 0.003). The first attempt rate was higher in group SC than IC (P = 0.013). Guidewire misplacement was seen in the IC group, P = 0.001. No pneumothorax, haemothorax, or arterial puncture were noted in our study in any of the groups.

Conclusion:
We conclude that for right-sided SCV cannulation using USG in the long axis, the SC approach is superior to the IC approach in terms of overall ease of cannulation. It was associated with a relatively shorter procedure time, higher success rate in the first attempt, lesser incidence of guidewire misplacement, and other complications. It should be considered as an alternative approach to the IC approach in patients requiring central line insertion.
Is Diagnosis of Low-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma Possible in Urine Cytology?
Authors: Bansal Saloni , Pathuthara Saleem , Joseph Santhosh , Dighe Swati , Menon Santosh , Desai Sangeeta B. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Urine cytology is a useful modality, primarily for the diagnosis and follow-up surveillance of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). Its utility in diagnosing low-grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC) remains controversial because of low reported sensitivity compared to cystoscopy.

Aim:
To study the cytomorphology of LGUC in voided urine samples and analyze its utility in diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study of one year, including 48 voided urine samples in cases which were confirmed as LGUC on subsequent histology. Urine cytology smears of these cases, originally stained with Papanicolaou stain were reviewed, critically analyzed and the specific cytomorphologic and cystoscopic findings were documented.

Results:
On review 18 samples were re-categorized as LGUC which included 10 samples initially diagnosed as Negative for HGUC, 2 as Atypical Urothelial Cells – Not Otherwise Specified (AUC-NOS) and 6 as Suspicious for Carcinoma. In addition, another 3 samples with initial diagnosis of LGUC remained as LGUC on review. Thus, a total of 21 LGUC samples were identified after the review. 26 (54%) samples with a diagnosis of negative for HGUC remained negative even after review, as the tumor cells were not identified either due to sampling error or unrecognizable morphology. One (2%) samples of AUC-NOS remained the same on review due to very scant atypical cells. In 21 LGUC samples, cytology showed a dual population of benign differentiated urothelial cells and small urothelial cells with subtle nuclear atypia such as irregular and thickened nuclear membrane with increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio. In 12 false negative LGUC samples, the diagnostic cells were camouflaged by their subtle nuclear atypia coupled with an overwhelming background of differentiated benign urothelial cells as both appeared almost similar in morphology. Papillary fragments were identified only in 2 samples.

Conclusions:
Diagnosis of LGUC on cytology is challenging and depends on the presence of diagnostic cells, pick up of diagnostic cells on screening and accurate interpretation. Special attention to papillary fragments and aforementioned nuclear atypia should be paid as tumor cells may resemble normal urothelial cells and can be easily missed.
Case Report: Miltefosine Failure and Spontaneous Resolution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis braziliensis
Authors: Joseph Sheridan , Whitman Timothy J. , Buckner Frederick S. , Cogen Anna L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is often caused by Leishmania braziliensis (L. braziliensis) in South America. Because of the risk for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, L. braziliensis is frequently treated with parenteral or oral medications. Here, we present a case of a young woman with L. braziliensis (CL) that did not respond to miltefosine but eventually experienced spontaneous resolution. This case highlights the potential for treatment failure and the importance of clinical monitoring in the setting of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis.
Investigations on structural, optical, and impedance spectroscopy studies of titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: C. Vella Durai S. , Kumar E. , Muthuraj D. 
Published: May 2021

This article explains a novel synthesis for producing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by a sol-gel technique using titanium tetraisopropoxide as a titanium source. The synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using many measurements like X-ray diffraction (XRD), HRTEM, absorption UV spectroscopy, FTIR, and ac impedance spectroscopy. X-ray peaks were used to calculate the crystallite size and lattice strain by Williamson–Hall method. Crystallite size calculated from x-ray diffraction using the Scherrer equation gives an approximate size and cannot be used for measurements. TiO2 nanoparticles are found to possess a tetragonal structure with a crystalline size around 12 nm. Particle size was confirmed by HRTEM images. The optical studies response for the nanoparticles showed the possible visible absorption peaks for TiO2 nanoparticles are 323 nm. Bandgap energy (Eg) of the TiO2 nanoparticle calculated from UV visible absorption spectra is discussed, and the bandgap is 3.14 eV. FTIR spectra showed vibration bands of the Ti-O network. AC Conductivity properties of TiO2 nanoparticles are studied in the frequency range 1 to 8 MHz at varying temperatures. The conductivity of the TiO2 nanoparticle is found to be constant in the low angular frequency region. Dielectric parameters were analyzed at different temperatures and frequencies.

KEY WORDS: Conductivity, Dielectric, Nanoparticles, Titanium dioxide, Structural studies

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(1), 151-160.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i1.13
Bioactivities of holmium(III) and gadolinium(III) complexes of thymoquinone
Authors: S. Awwad N. , A. Ibrahium H. , A. Shati A. , A. Alshehri M. , M.  Al-Syaad K. , Y. Alfaifi M. , I. Mujallid M. , Z. Bani-Fwaz M. , S. M. Abd-Rabboh H. , H. Ju Y. , E. Fazary A. 
Published: May 2021

Chemotherapeutic agents which are the main stay in cancer treatment are toxic with numerous contrary side effects. A number of chemical, physical, and computational techniques were applied to synthesize and elucidate the structural and functional characterization of the new designed bioligands and their metal complexes. Besides, several biological techniques for developing therapeutics and diagnostics agents of these new designed materials were used. The trivalent holmium(III) and gadolinium(III) metal complexes of thymoquinone (TQ) were synthesized. Toxicities and other bioactivites were undertaken with existing drug combinations and more effective tumor models will be established. The molecular structures of TQ-metal complexes were elucidated based on particular spectral approaches. The NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B Cells) luciferase, elastase release, superoxide anion (O2•−) generation, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activities of TQ and its synthesized complexes were elucidated and discussed. The core research is to use coordination and organometallic chemistry to design new bioligands and binary, ternary, mixed ligand, multi metal multi ligand complexes pursing a bio target continuously with structure-activity relationships (SARS).

KEY WORDS: Thymoquinone, Holmium, Gadolinium, Bioactivities

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(1), 87-96.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i1.7
Evaluation of the Demand-Driven Agricultural Extension Curricula among Alumni from Selected Universities in Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Oladele Oladimeji 
Published: May 2021

The study assessed demand-driven agricultural extension curricula by alumni from universities in Nigeria partnering with Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education (SAFE) on such curriculum for at least seven years. Using a cross-sectional research design and cluster sampling technique, 227 alumni were randomly selected from a population of 520. Data were collected through structured questionnaire on socio-economic characteristics, mode of study, areas of specialization operationalized as close-ended questions and rating of programme components on a 5 -point Likert type scale of poor (1) fair (2) good (3) very good (4) excellent (5) with 70 items. Data entry and analysis were done with SPSS 25 using percentages, mean score and multiple regression analysis. Adult education approaches, supervised enterprise projects, students’ supervision, academic advice, information sharing, and participation in research projects had highest positive rating; while fund raising, scholarship, opportunity for enrolling and be part of a professional scientific network, linkage & involvement with Sasakawa Africa Association (SAA) field activities, laboratories and variety of subjects offered had highest negative rating. Socio-economic characteristics of alumni were significantly correlated and explained 49 percent of the variation in programme rating. The study recommends that there is need to review the curricula covered in this study and mechanisms for compliance with the Sasakawa methodology should be reinvigorated.
Keywords: alumni, demand-driven, agricultural extension, university curricula.
YAPAY ZEKÂ UYGULAMALARININ KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUMASINA DAİR DOĞURABİLECEĞİ SORUNLAR VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: ABUDUREYIMU Yiliyaer , OGURLU Yucel 
Published: May 2021

Günümüzde hayatımızın ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelen yapay zekâ teknolojileri, bireylerin davranışları, tercihleri ve özel hayatları hakkında farklı yöntemler ile veri toplayıp, doğrulanamayan çıkarımlar ve tahminler yapabilmektedir. Bu verilerin toplanması, işlenmesi, değiştirilmesi, aktarılması ve çıkarım yapılması süreçleri, muhtelif hukuki sorunlara sebep olabilmektedir. Özellikle kişisel verilerin korunması kapsamında yapay zekâ teknolojileri büyük risk ve sorunlar oluşturmaktadır. Yapay zekâ çeşitli ve zengin kişisel verilerden yararlanarak ayrımcı, önyargılı ve “istilacı” kararlar verebilmektedir. Fakat günümüzde kişisel veri koruma kanunları, insanların yalnız kalma hakkı başta olmak üzere insanların mahremiyetini, kimliğini ve özerkliğini korumak için tasarlanmasına rağmen yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin getirdiği risklerinden ilgili kişileri korumada eksik kalınmaktadır.
Amaç: Çalışmada yapay zekâ uygulamalarının kişisel verilerin korumasına dair doğurabileceği sorunları bulmak ve genel anlamda çözüm önerileri ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışma betimleme yöntemine dayalı niteliksel bir çalışmadır.
Bulgular: Yapay zekâ döneminde, kişisel verilere yönelik ihlallerin niteliği ve ağırlığında da esaslı farklılıklar olmuştur. Kişisel verilerin korunması, kişilik haklarını, özel hayatın gizliliğini, kişilerin manevi bütünlüğünün, şeref ve onurlarının korunması gibi diğer temel haklarla yakın ilgisi olan bir konudur. Yapay zekâ çağında hassas veriler ile hassas olmayan veriler arasındaki nitelik farklılığının azalması; aynı şekilde, anonimleştirilmiş veri ile kişisel veri arasındaki farklılığın da azalması söz konusudur. Bunlara ek olarak, çıkarımların niteliği sorunu ve çıkarımların sebep olduğu önyargı ve ayrımcı kararlar da diğer ciddi bir problemdir. Yapay zekâ algoritmaların kara kutu ve şeffaflık sorunları, teknik açıdan çözülmeyi bekleyen sıradaki problemler arasındadır. İhlal failinin belirlenmesinin güçlüğü ve ihlalin delillerinin elde edilmesinin teknik olarak kolay olmaması ve yüksek maliyetli olması, yapay zekâ döneminde kişisel verilerin koruma kapsamında ortaya çıkan temel problemler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu sorunlar karşısında yapılması gerekenler ise verinin sadece toplanma aşamasında düzenlemelere tabi tutulmayıp, verilerden türetilen çıkarımların da kişisel verilerin korunması kapsamında değerlendirilmesidir. Kişisel veya kişisel olmayan ve hassas veya hassas olmayan verilerin güncel olmayan, etkisiz ve akışkan sınıflandırmalarından vazgeçilmelidir.
Özgünlük: Türkiye’de yapılan ilgili çalışmalara bakıldığında, kişisel verilerin korunması sorunu, yapay zekâ uygulamalarının doğurabileceği sorunlar ve çözüm önerilerini hukuk perspektifinden inceleyen çalışma özgün niteliktedir.
ETHNOGRAPHIC TOURISM AND ETHNOGRAPHY TOURIST CIRCUITS IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Eshmurodova Zarifa 
Published: May 2021

Ushbu maqolada turizmda xalq madaniyatining elementlarini ko'rib chiqish, xalq madaniyatining tub mohiyatini o'rganish, urf-odat va marosimlar tushunchasini ochib berish haqida fikrlar yuritiladi. Milliy etnografizmlarning bevosita turizm bilan chambarchas bogʻliqligi va oʻzbek xalq madaniyatiga xos tadbirlar va rasm-rusumlar xususida soʻz boradi.