bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Into the Benthos and Back: What have Infauna Taught Us
Authors: Montagna Paul A. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT ID 685153
Because of death and gravity, the bottom of the sea is the memory of the ecosystem, where a record of all past events can be found as you move into deeper layers of sediment. Thus, benthos are primary indicators for environmental assessments. As hydrocarbon exploration and production moved to deeper waters, so did environmental studies. But there were only a few Gulf-wide surveys in the deepest parts of the Gulf of Mexico, and our understanding of deep-sea processes was based primarily on other regions of the world. The intensive focus on deep-sea response during and after the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) accident increased our knowledge dramatically. We learned that the deep sea is dynamic, fragile, and will take a long time to recover. There was a 50% loss of biodiversity within 9 km diameter around the DWH site, and a 10% within a 17 km of the site. But there is still much to learn. The deep-sea is a reservoir of biodiversity on Earth, but about 60% of Gulf of Mexico taxa are still unknown, which is a major hinderance to understanding the effects of oil spills. The northern Gulf of Mexico is dominated by Mississippi River outflow, but exactly how it drives deep-sea dynamics needs better resolution. Two outcomes of the last decade of research is that we know benthos diversity is a sensitive indicator of environmental change and damage, the surface sediments are the biologically active zones, and the natural process of sinking particles will eventually cover the damaged sediment leading to natural recovery. This “restoration in place” strategy must be confirmed by future monitoring and assessment studies.
Comparative Efficacy of Two Antibiotics for the Management of Secondary Bacterial Infection in Goats Clinically Affected by Peste des Petits Ruminants
Authors: Chukwudi Ijeoma Chekwube , Eguji David Ikechukwu , Jeremiah Olalekan Taiwo , Maduka Anene Boniface 
Published: December 2021

Aims: Peste des petits Ruminants (PPR) is a major viral disease that poses a challenge to small ruminant farming. Its natural occurrence has been complicated by secondary bacterial infection which has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. This study reports the management outcome of natural PPR-infected goats using two types of antibiotics in Nsukka metropolis of Enugu State Nigeria.
Methodology: Goats (N=24) were confirmed to be suffering from PPR based on clinical signs and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The animals were divided into two groups. Group A was treated with 20% oxytetracycline (N= 10) and group B with procaine penicillin and streptomycin combination (penstrept) (N= 14) injection. Clinical signs, recovery and survivability, temperature, haematology [Packed cell volume (PCV); haemoglobin concentration (Hbconc); red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts] and some serum biochemical profiles [alanine aminotransferase (ALT); aspartate transaminase (AST); total protein (TP); Albumin; urea; creatinine; potassium and sodium] were used to assess the efficacy of the antibiotics using standard techniques.
Results: The mean temperature, RBC, WBC and urea values of the PPR-infected goats were above their reference ranges, mean albumin values were below the reference range while mean Hbconc, PCV, AST, ALT, TP and creatinine values were within their reference range before the commencement of treatment. Following treatment, clinical signs cleared in 20% and 35.7% of the goats treated with oxytetracycline and penstrep respectively. Death was recorded in 20% and 15% of goats treated with oxytetracycline and penstrep respectively before the end of treatment. Penstrep-treated group showed improvement in their haematological profile.
Conclusion: Based on our findings, the use of penstrep in the management of PPR-infected goats gave a better result.
Reducing Limitations of Aggregation‐Induced Photocarrier Trapping for Photovoltaic Stability via Tailoring Intermolecular Electron–Phonon Coupling in Highly Efficient Quaternary Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Kang‐Ning , Du Xiao‐Yan , Chen Zhi‐Hao , Wang Tong , Yang Zhang‐Qiang , Yin Hang , Yang Ye , Qin Wei , Hao Xiao‐Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe kinetic aggregation of nonfullerene acceptors under nonequilibrium conditions can induce electron–phonon interaction roll‐off and electronic band structure transition, which represents an important limitation for long‐term operational stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the fundamental underlying mechanisms have received limited attention. Herein, a photophysical correlation picture between intermolecular electron–phonon coupling and trapping of electronic excitation is proposed based on the different aggregation behaviors of BTP‐eC9 in bulk‐heterojunction and layer‐by‐layer processed multicomponent OSCs. Two separate factors rationalize their correlation mechanisms: 1) the local lattice and/or molecular deformation can be regarded as the results of BTP‐eC9 aggregates in binary system under continuous heating, which brings about attenuated intermolecular electron–phonon coupling with intensified photocarrier trapping. 2) The higher density of trap states with more extended tails into the bandgap give rise to the formation of highly localized trapped polarons with a longer lifetime. The stabilized intermolecular electron–phonon coupling through synergistic regulation of donor and acceptor materials effectively suppresses unfavorable photocarrier trapping, delivering the improved device efficiency of 18.10% and enhanced thermal stability in quaternary OSCs. These results provide valuable property–function insights for further boosting photovoltaic stability in view of modulating intermolecular electron–phonon coupling.
Endowing inorganic nanomaterials with circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Han Dongxue , Li Chengxi , Jiang Chengyu , Jin Xue , Wang Xiongbin , Chen Rui , Cheng Jiaji , Duan Pengfei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, materials with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties have attracted substantial attention because they offer new perspectives in fundamental research and wide applications in photonics, bio‐encoding, catalysis, and so forth. Such importance has recently promoted the development of CPL‐active materials from the traditional realm of organics to newly released areas in inorganics. Due to the advantages of inorganic nanomaterials in stability, high luminescent quantum efficiency, material diversity, and the diversity of shapes and sizes, extensive research about CPL active inorganic nanomaterials has been done in the past decades leading to great signs of progress on synthesis, characterizations, and potential applications. In this review, therefore, we will thoroughly describe the general design principles of inorganic nanomaterials with CPL activity, basically according to the origins of chirality in inorganic nanomaterials: intrinsic chirality in inorganic nanomaterials, ligand‐induced chirality, and structural chirality caused by the supramolecular assembly, respectively. The representative applications of the CPL‐active inorganic nanomaterials are presented with respect to challenges, prospective, and problems that unsolved to date.
The protective gene dose effect of the APOEε2 allele on gray matter volume in cognitively unimpaired individuals
Authors: Salvadó Gemma , Ferreira Daniel , Operto Grégory , Cumplido‐Mayoral Irene , Arenaza‐Urquijo Eider M. , Cacciaglia Raffaele , Falcon Carles , Vilor‐Tejedor Natàlia , Minguillon Carolina , Groot Colin , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Barkhof Frederik , Scheltens Philip , Ossenkoppele Rik , Kern Silke , Zettergren Anna , Skoog Ingmar , Hort Jakub , Stomrud Erik , van Westen Danielle , Hansson Oskar , Molinuevo José Luis , Wahlund Lars‐Olof , Westman Eric , Gispert Juan Domingo ,   ALFA study†, BioFINDER, ADNI
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionHarboring two copies of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 allele strongly protects against Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effect of this genotype on gray matter (GM) volume in cognitively unimpaired individuals has not yet been described.MethodsMulticenter brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) from cognitively unimpaired ε2 homozygotes were matched (1:1) against all other APOE genotypes for relevant confounders (n = 223). GM volumes of ε2 genotypic groups were compared to each other and to the reference group (APOE ε3/ε3).ResultsCarrying at least one ε2 allele was associated with larger GM volumes in brain areas typically affected by AD and also in areas associated with cognitive resilience. APOE ε2 homozygotes, but not APOE ε2 heterozygotes, showed larger GM volumes in areas related to successful aging.DiscussionIn addition to the known resistance against amyloid‐β deposition, the larger GM volumes in key brain regions may confer APOE ε2 homozygotes additional protection against AD‐related cognitive decline.
Improving thermo‐oxidative stability and mediums resistance of nitrile rubber via surface superhydrophobic modification
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Wang Jianshu , Cai Shuwei , Niu Ben , He Qin , He Xianru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, the research of blending anti‐aging modification of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) has been widely reported, but the surface effect in the rubber aging process has been obviously ignored. Starting from the surface microstructure design, the construction of surface protection barrier may be a new anti‐aging way. In this paper, the surface superhydrophobic NBRsurf‐polydopamine (PDA)‐(SiO2‐g‐PFOMA) is prepared through a ordered modification of two‐step physical deposition to NBR with PDA and SiO2 grafted with Perfluorooctylmethacrylate (SiO2‐g‐PFOMA). By comparing the mechanical properties before and after aging, it is found that the DA surface pretreatment significantly improves the NBR thermo‐oxidative aging. On this basis, surface superhydrophobic SiO2‐g‐PFOMA microstructure has set up to further prevents NBR from the attack of corrosive media such as acid, alkali, salt and water. After aging in HCl solution at 90°C for 96 h, the fracture strength, elongation and aging coefficient of NBRsurf‐PDA‐(SiO2‐g‐PFOMA) compared with unmodified NBR(KB) were increased by 2.28 MPa, 48.76% and 0.18, respectively. This work can offer an surface anti‐aging technology to NBR.
Calculation of the ovule number in the genus Salix: A method for taxa differentiation
Authors: Marchenko Аlexander M. , Kuzovkina Yulia A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPremiseRecent investigations have demonstrated that the number of ovules present in the ovaries of the willow flower (Salix spp., Salicaceae) can be used to confirm the identification of species and hybrids. We present the method to calculate the ovule number, along with examples demonstrating its use for both species and hybrid verification.Methods and ResultsThe best time to obtain a reliable ovule count is at the beginning of anthesis before numerous hairs develop in the ovary or after seed dispersal when the funiculi on the placenta can be counted. The ovules in all of the ovaries of one catkin should be counted, and the ovule index is recorded as their minimum–maximum range. The ovule number of a hybrid is the statistical mean of the ovule number of its parents.ConclusionsOvule quantification is a useful tool that, in conjunction with traditional morphological and modern molecular techniques, presents additional evidence to support taxonomic decisions. The ovule number can also assist in species identification, classification, and in hybridization studies to verify the parentage of willow hybrids.
Abschätzung der Kippstabilität für gabelgelagerte Einfeldträger aus Stahlbeton und Spannbeton
Authors: Röder Friedrich‐Karl 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDie im Folgenden vorgestellte Vorgehensweise beschreibt eine Methode, die Kippstabilität für gabelgelagerte Einfeldträger aus Stahlbeton und Spannbeton recht zuverlässig abzuschätzen. Zuerst werden die für das Kippen maßgebenden Steifigkeiten, seitliche Biegesteifigkeit (EIz) und Torsionssteifigkeit (GIt), für das vorhandene Hauptbiegemoment My ermittelt. Mit diesen Steifigkeiten wird anschließend mittels einer aus dem Verzweigungsproblem bekannten Gleichung das kritische Kippmoment Mkr bestimmt. Mit Mkr und MEd,y wird dann ein Verhältniswert gebildet, mit dem aus den vorgegebenen Vorverformungen die entsprechenden Endverformungen berechnet werden. Über den Winkel der Endverdrehung ergibt sich ein Nebenbiegemoment Mz. Abschließend erfolgt die Überprüfung der Tragfähigkeit für die nun vorliegende zweiachsige Biegung. Diese Vorgehensweise wird ausführlich an zwei Beispielen gezeigt. An 15 Stahlbeton‐ und 45 Spannbetonträgern wird das Abschätzverfahren über einen Traglastvergleich mit einem genaueren Verfahren validiert. Ergänzend wird noch eine näherungsweise Ermittlung des Torsionsmoments am Auflager angegeben.
Dual‐channel charge transfer doping of graphene by sulfuric acid
Authors: Park Kwanghee , Ryu Sunmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional materials represented by graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides undergo charge transfer (CT) processes and become hole‐doped in strong mineral acids. Nonetheless, their mechanisms remain unclear or controversial. This work proposes and verifies two distinctive CT channels in sulfuric acids, respectively, driven by oxygen reduction reaction involving O2/H2O redox couples and reduction of bisulfate or related species. Acid‐induced changes in the charge density of graphene were in situ quantified as a function of oxygen content using Raman spectroscopy. At acid concentrations lower than 6 M, the former channel is operative, requiring dissolved O2. Above 6 M, the degree of CT was even higher because the former is cooperated with by the latter channel, which does not need dissolved oxygen. The mechanism revealed in this study will advance our fundamental understanding of how low‐dimensional materials interact with chemical environments.
Hamstring branches of the sciatic nerve as donors for neurotization of the superior gluteal nerve: A cadaveric feasibility study
Authors: Murthy Nikhil K. , Iwanaga Joe , Tubbs R. Shane , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough superior gluteal nerve (SGN) injury can have significant morbidity, to date, surgical strategies for its repair are scant in the literature. Specifically, neurotization options have not been explored. To address this deficiency in the literature, the current cadaveric feasibility study was performed. Via a transgluteal approach on 16 cadaveric sides, the proximal sciatic nerve and the entrance of the SGN into the gluteus medius and minimus were identified. Additionally, branches from the sciatic nerve to the hamstring muscles were traced proximally to confirm their position in relation to the sciatic nerve as a whole. These branches were cut at the level of the ischial tuberosity and teased away from the sciatic nerve proximally to the greater sciatic foramen and transferred superolateral to the SGN. The diameter of each nerve branch was measured as well as its available length for reaching the SGN. All branches of the sciatic nerve to the hamstring muscles arose from the anteromedial part of the nerve. The mean diameters of the branches to the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris muscles were 2.1, 1.9, and 1.5 mm, respectively. The mean diameter of the SGN was 3.1 mm and the mean distance from this entrance point to the ischial spine was 7.2 cm. The mean length of the donor nerve was 8.5 cm. Based on our study, use of a tibial‐innervated hamstring branch as a donor for nerve transfer to the SGN is feasible.
Coping styles and optimism predict different aspects of well‐being in a randomised controlled trial of a tailored counselling intervention for injured workers
Authors: Abegglen Sandra , Hegy Julia Katharina , Schade Volker , Hoffmann‐Richter Ulrike , Znoj Hansjörg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveMany injured people suffer from reduced well‐being and emotional distress even with mild‐to‐moderate accident‐related injuries. This study aimed to identify moderators of treatment efficacy of a highly tailored multidisciplinary counselling intervention for injured workers.MethodsWe conducted exploratory moderator analyses of a prospective randomised controlled trial with 192 mild to moderately injured workers (71.9% men; Mage = 50) who were randomised to either a control group with case management only, or an intervention group with case management plus tailored counselling intervention. Seven moderators, including five coping styles, as well as dispositional optimism and pessimism, were assessed at baseline. The outcome measures, assessed at baseline and 12 months (post‐measure) and 18 months (follow‐up measure) post‐injury, concerned five aspects of well‐being: job and life satisfaction, negative feelings, well‐being related to family and personal health.ResultsWe found differential treatment effects, as participants low in social diversion (d = 0.26), high in emotion‐oriented coping (d = 0.64) and low in optimism (d = 0.48) benefited from the tailored counselling intervention and showed enhanced well‐being in different aspects of life. No other effects were significant.ConclusionThe results suggest that our tailored counselling intervention has a modest effect on negative feelings for mild to moderately injured workers. Generally, dispositional optimism and coping styles should be considered in rehabilitation interventions of injured workers.
Release of Molecular Cargo from Polymer Systems by Mechanochemistry
Authors: Küng Robin , Göstl Robert , Schmidt Bernd M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe design and manipulation of (multi)functional materials at the nanoscale holds the promise of fuelling tomorrow's major technological advances. In the realm of macromolecular nanosystems, the incorporation of force‐responsive groups, so called mechanophores, has resulted in unprecedented access to responsive behaviours and enabled sophisticated functions of the resulting structures and advanced materials. Among the diverse force‐activated motifs, the on‐demand release or activation of compounds, such as catalysts, drugs, or monomers for self‐healing, are sought‐after since they enable triggering pristine small molecule function from macromolecular frameworks. Here, we highlight examples of molecular cargo release systems from polymer‐based architectures in solution by means of sonochemical activation by ultrasound (ultrasound‐induced mechanochemistry). Important design concepts of these advanced materials are discussed, as well as their syntheses and applications.
Lights and Shadows of DMSO as Solvent for Tin Halide Perovskites
Authors: Pascual Jorge , Di Girolamo Diego , Flatken Marion A. , Aldamasy Mahmoud H. , Li Guixiang , Li Meng , Abate Antonio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2020 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the ever‐present solvent for tin halide perovskites, was identified as an oxidant for SnII. Nonetheless, alternatives are lacking and few efforts have been devoted to replacing it. To understand this trend it is indispensable to learn the importance of DMSO on the development of tin halide perovskites. Its unique properties have allowed processing compact thin‐films to be integrated into tin perovskite solar cells. Creative approaches for controlling the perovskite crystallization or increasing its stability to oxidation have been developed relying on DMSO‐based inks. However, increasingly sophisticated strategies appear to lead the field to a plateau of power conversion efficiency in the range of 10–15 %. And, while DMSO‐based formulations have performed in encouraging means so far, we should also start considering their potential limitations. In this concept article, we discuss the benefits and limitations of DMSO‐based tin perovskite processing.
Chemically Synthesized, Self‐Assembling Small Interfering RNA‐Prohead RNA Molecules Trigger Dicer‐Independent Gene Silencing
Authors: Hill Alyssa C. , van Leeuwen Daniël , Schlösser Verena , Behera Alok , Mateescu Bogdan , Hall Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes is a powerful therapeutic modality, but the translation of siRNAs from the bench into clinical application has been hampered by inefficient delivery in vivo. An innovative delivery strategy involves fusing siRNAs to a three‐way junction (3WJ) motif derived from the phi29 bacteriophage prohead RNA (pRNA). Chimeric siRNA‐3WJ molecules are presumed to enter the RNAi pathway through Dicer cleavage. Here, we fused siRNAs to the phi29 3WJ and two phylogenetically related 3WJs. We confirmed that the siRNA‐3WJs are substrates for Dicer in vitro. However, our results reveal that siRNA‐3WJs transfected into Dicer‐deficient cell lines trigger potent gene silencing. Interestingly, siRNA‐3WJs transfected into an Argonaute 2‐deficient cell line also retain some gene silencing activity. siRNA‐3WJs are most efficient when the antisense strand of the siRNA duplex is positioned 5′ of the 3WJ (5′‐siRNA‐3WJ) relative to 3′ of the 3WJ (3′‐siRNA‐3WJ). This work sheds light on the functional properties of siRNA‐3WJs and offers a design rule for maximizing their potency in the human RNAi pathway.
Association between serum urate and CSF markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in a population‐based sample of 70‐year‐olds
Authors: Fatima Tahzeeb , Jacobsson Lennart T.H. , Kern Silke , Zettergren Anna , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Johansson Lena , Dehlin Mats , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between urate and biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology has not been investigated.MethodsWe examined whether serum concentration of urate was associated with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, amyloid beta (Aβ)42, Aβ40, phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), total tau (t‐tau), neurofilament light (NfL), and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, in cognitively unimpaired 70‐year‐old individuals from Gothenburg, Sweden. We also evaluated whether possible associations were modulated by the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele.ResultsSerum urate was positively associated with Aβ42 in males (β = 0.55 pg/mL, P = .04). There was a positive urate–APOE ε4 interaction (1.24 pg/mL, Pinteraction = .02) in relation to Aβ42 association. The positive urate and Aβ42 association strengthened in male APOE ε4 carriers (β = 1.28 pg/mL, P = .01).DiscussionThe positive association between urate and Aβ42 in cognitively healthy men may suggest a protective effect of urate against deposition of amyloid protein in the brain parenchyma, and in the longer term, maybe against AD dementia.