bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sediment transport empirical equations: case study of the Euphrates River West Iraq
Authors: Sulaiman Sadeq Oleiwi , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Shahadha Ahmed , Ismaeel Rasha , Mohammad Sura 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSediment transport in rivers is an important and complex process. It is very important to know the nature and quantities of sediments transported in course of rivers to achieve prudent water management. Due to the presence of most of the important projects on or near the banks of the river in the study area, so there is always a fear that these projects will be affected by the processes of erosion, transport, and sedimentation among the decision makers. Therefore, there is a need to develop our knowledge of the suitable equations that can be applied with acceptable accuracy to obtain satisfactory results for monitoring the processes of erosion, sedimentation, and transport that occur in River path to monitor and anticipate the changes taking place in the areas of the riverbanks. This study was carried out to check the reliability of different sediment transport formulas using data collected from the Euphrates River at the thermal power station in Al Anbar province, Iraq. The study also aimed to select the best formula for this site. Hydrological data have been collected. These were used for computing the total sediment load in the river at a specified cross-section using common sediment transport formulas ascribed to Ackers-White, Bagnold, Yang, Colby, Shen and Hung, and Engelund-Hansen. The performance of these formulas was assessed based on the accuracy of the predictions of the observed sediment load within a limited discrepancy ratio. The evaluations showed that the Engelund-Hansen formula represented the best formula for this river reach.
Diversity patterns of Middle Permian gastropod assemblages from the Tak Fa Formation, Central Thailand
Authors: Ketwetsuriya Chatchalerm , Hausmann Imelda M. , Nützel Alexander 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMiddle Permian marine invertebrate assemblages from Central Thailand are strongly dominated by gastropods. Two gastropod assemblages from the Tak Fa Limestone at Khao Noi and Khao Chao Thong of the Nakhon Sawan area are the first Permian ones from Thailand that are analysed regarding diversity and composition based on quantitative data. Both gastropod assemblages, comprising 40 species in total, are dominated by the gastropods Anomphalus sp., Warthia cf. brevisinuata and Glabrocingulum magnum; the genus Anomphalus is especially abundant which is unusual for Permian assemblages. Both studied gastropod assemblages have a similar taxonomic composition and diversity including the same values of diversity indices that indicate a moderate diversity. In addition, rarefaction analyses and rank-abundance distributions also suggest that diversity and structure of both assemblages are the same. The studied assemblage is compared with other Permian gastropod assemblages from Asia (Malaysia, East Timor and Japan). Rarefaction, diversity indices and rank-abundance distributions suggest that the diversity of the studied fauna is distinctly lower than that of the others despite coming from similar depositional environments. This is surprising because the Tak Fa gastropods lived at lower latitudes than the others. This could suggest an inverse diversity gradient in the Palaeo-Tethys, but more evidence is needed to substantiate this assumption. Several Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic fossil assemblages are dominated by gastropods, e.g. those from the Pennsylvanian Buckhorn Asphalt deposit, the Permian from Japan and Malaysia, as well as the Late Triassic Cassian Formation. This shows that at least locally, gastropod dominance is not restricted to modern faunas.
Evolutionary Process from Mockina bidentata to Parvigondolella andrusovi: Evidence from the Pizzo Mondello Section, Sicily, Italy
Authors: Du Yixing , Onoue Tetsuji , Karádi Viktor , Williams Ian S. , Rigo Manuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring their last phase of evolution, the pectiniform conodont elements manifested an evident trend of simplification and miniaturization. This phase started from the late Norian (Sevatian) in the Late Triassic and the evolutionary process of genusMockinatoParvigondolella, in particular betweenMockina bidentataandParvigondolella andrusovi, is one of the most significant examples.Parvigondolellahas been reported worldwide since it was first described in the early 1970s. However, it has recently been suggested that genusParvigondolellais an ecostratigraphic morphotype of genusMockina, and thus a phenotype controlled by the environmental conditions, and not an independent taxon. In the Pizzo Mondello Section (Sicily, Italy), transitional forms betweenM. bidentataandP. andrusovihave been found at different evolutionary stages. We have investigated the oceanic conditions at the time by using redox-sensitive elements (Mn, Fe, V, Cr, and Ni) and seawater temperatures from biogenetic δ18Ophosto understand the possible environmental influences on the phylogenetic evolution betweenMockinaandParvigondolella.The geochemical and isotope analyses indicate that the redox condition and temperature were stable during the evolution of genusParvigondolellain Pizzo Mondello, confirming that genusParvigondolellais a real taxon and not a phenotype. A new conodont species namedParvigondolella ciarapicaen. sp. is described here for the first time.
Multiple Local Community Detection via High-Quality Seed Identification over Both Static and Dynamic Networks
Authors: Liu Jiaxu , Shao Yingxia , Su Sen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLocal community detection aims to find the communities that a given seed node belongs to. Most existing works on this problem are based on a very strict assumption that the seed node only belongs to a single community, but in real-world networks, nodes are likely to belong to multiple communities. In this paper, we first introduce a novel algorithm, HqsMLCD, that can detect multiple communities for a given seed node over static networks. HqsMLCD first finds the high-quality seeds which can detect better communities than the given seed node with the help of network representation, then expands the high-quality seeds one-by-one to get multiple communities, probably overlapping. Since dynamic networks also act an important role in practice, we extend the static HqsMLCD to handle dynamic networks and introduce HqsDMLCD. HqsDMLCD mainly integrates dynamic network embedding and dynamic local community detection into the static one. Experimental results on real-world networks demonstrate that our new method HqsMLCD outperforms the state-of-the-art multiple local community detection algorithms. And our dynamic method HqsDMLCD gets comparable results with the static method on real-world networks.
The Rado simplicial complex
Authors: Farber Michael , Mead Lewis , Strauss Lewin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study a remarkable simplicial complex X on countably many vertexes. X is universal in the sense that any countable simplicial complex is an induced subcomplex of X. Additionally, X is homogeneous, i.e. any two isomorphic finite induced subcomplexes are related by an automorphism of X. We prove that X is the unique simplicial complex which is both universal and homogeneous. The 1-skeleton of X is the well-known Rado graph. We show that a random simplicial complex on countably many vertexes is isomorphic to X with probability 1. We prove that the geometric realisation of X is homeomorphic to an infinite dimensional simplex. We observe several curious properties of X, for example we show that X is robust, i.e. removing any finite set of simplexes leaves a simplicial complex isomorphic to X. The robustness of X leads to the hope that suitable finite approximations of X can serve as models for very resilient networks in real life applications. In a forthcoming paper (Even-Zohar et al. Ample simplicial complexes, arXiv:2012.01483, 2020) we study finite approximations to the Rado complex, they can potentially be useful in real life applications due to their structural stability.
Scenarios for sustainable management of plant parasitic nematodes
Authors: Westerdahl B. B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlant parasitic nematodes cause significant yield reductions worldwide. Before development of soil fumigation, sustainable practices were developed for nematode management; but were utilized with limited success. The restricted availability of fumigants and other nematicides, has stimulated a return to research into more sustainable management scenarios. In recent years, new tools have been developed that improve the successful utilization of sustainable methods including: nematode resistant crop varieties, trap cropping, biofumigation, molecular identification techniques, databases that can be accessed online to search for crops resistant to nematodes, relatively inexpensive soil temperature dataloggers, nematode degree-day models, research on nematode biology and population cycling, development of less toxic chemicals, and development of new soil amendments and natural products. Combining these with a strong nematode control and certification program for nursery crops, have made it possible to develop promising scenarios to reduce damaging nematode populations and increase yields.
Design of a fuzzy PID controller for a MEMS tunable capacitor for noise reduction in a voltage reference source
Authors: Ranjbar Ehsan , Menhaj Mohammad Bagher , Suratgar Amir Abolfazl , Andreu-Perez Javier , Prasad Mukesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study presents a conventional Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller, having reviewed the mathematical modeling of the Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Tunable Capacitors (TCs), and also proposes a fuzzy PID controller which demonstrates a better tracking performance in the presence of measurement noise, in comparison with conventional ZN-based PID controllers. Referring to importance and impact of this research, the proposed controller takes advantage of fuzzy control properties such as robustness against noise. TCs are responsible for regulating the reference voltage when integrated into Alternating Current (AC) Voltage Reference Sources (VRS). Capacitance regulation for tunable capacitors in VRS is carried out by modulating the distance of a movable plate. A successful modulation depends on maintaining the stability around the pull-in point. This distance regulation can be achieved by the proposed controller which guarantees the tracking performance of the movable plate in moving towards the pull-in point, and remaining in this critical position. The simulation results of the tracking performance and capacitance tuning are very promising, subjected to measurement noise.

Article Highlights

This article deals with MEMS tunable capacitor dynamics and modeling, considering measurement noise.

It designs and applies fuzzy PID control system for regulating MEMS voltage reference output.

This paper contributes to robustness increase in pull-in performance of the tunable capacitor.
Pharmaco-Chemical Analysis and in Vivo Toxicity Assays of Edible Clays Mined in Nigeria and Consumed Globally
Authors: Odimegwu Joy I. , Nkemehule Florence E. , Eke Esther Jane-Sharon , Okunnuga Jumoke , Buhari Aminat Omolara , Okwuegbuna Sarah Ngozichukwu , Duru Chidinma Romanda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEdible clays are consumed by diverse groups of people, especially of African descent, living in Africa and abroad, in a behavior known as geophagy. The clays are used topically as an emollient and drying agent and internally to control diarrhea. Scientific information concerning the chemical constituents and toxicity of edible clays is scarce. The aims of the present study, therefore, were to ascertain the chemical composition of white edible clays (WEC) and gray edible clays (GEC); to determine their toxicity profiles using analytical chemical methods; to test the acute and sub-acute toxicity of edible clays in their natural form as consumed; and to compare the raw and processed clays, and also to compare the latter to a proprietary drug known as ‘Mist kaolin’ (Moko®) which contains some clay along with other chemicals. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to determine the elements present. White female Wistar mice and rats were used for the acute and sub-acute toxicity analyses, respectively. The results from AAS showed the presence of heavy metals and metalloids in both GEC and WEC, and the GC/MS revealed the presence of contaminants such as indomethacin and ethyl benzene, but quantities were below human toxicity levels. Doses of 100–500 mg/kg of either clay type could be harmful to the digestive system, but all of the tests revealed that edible clay is not toxic to humans unless very large amounts (500–1000 mg/kg of body weight) are consumed.
A framework to measure microaggressions in the mathematics classroom
Authors: McKenna Hazel J. , Chang Kuo-Liang , Mgonja Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiscriminatory treatment has been identified as one of the major factors that cause the mathematics achievement gap between White and many minority students, particularly, African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans. Culturally Responsive Teaching has been promoted as a means to reduce discrimination in the classroom. However, the appearance of neo-racism in the form of racial microaggressions suggests that Culturally Responsive Teaching may not be enough. Three personality types along with their traits have been identified as the source of racial microaggressions in social psychology. In this theoretical paper, we propose a framework to help researchers and teachers become aware of and identify microaggressions and their extent in a mathematics classroom. The framework is based on two defined types of microaggressions and three personality types that strongly predict discriminatory behaviors.
Farmers’ strategic responses to competitive intensity and the impact on perceived performance
Authors: Nybom Jozefine , Hunter Erik , Micheels Eric , Melin Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA large percentage of small- and medium-sized farms have ceased operations in the last 2 decades in part due to their inability to respond to increased competitive intensity. Consequently, the strategic responses farmers adopt to competitive intensity are important to understand as they may influence performance and ultimately their survival. Based on a sample of 388 randomly selected farmers in Sweden and using structural equation modelling, we find that as perceptions of competitive intensity increase, so does their market orientation (MO) and lean production orientation (LPO), but not entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Moreover, we find that farmers who indicate greater (in order of importance) MO and LPO report better overall performance, while increased EO surprisingly contributes negatively to performance. Our findings contribute to the limited body of research on strategic responses to competitive intensity in the agricultural sector and subsequent payoff on farm performance.
Contaminated flexible endoscopes: Review of impact of channel sampling methods on culture results and recommendations for root-cause analysis
Authors: Alfa Michelle J. , Singh Harminder 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, infection transmission risk associated with contaminated, patient-ready flexible endoscopes has attracted attention. Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant organisms resulting in infection and/or colonization have been particularly concerning. Recent CDC and FDA recommendations focus on reducing “exogenous” infection transmission and specifically recommend that endoscopy sites have quality systems in place for endoscope reprocessing. Another key recommendation is the culture of patient-ready endoscopes to detect contamination with organisms of concern. Remaining gaps in the guidelines include ensuring that optimal endoscope-channel sample methods are used and ensuring effective root-cause analysis and remediation when contamination is detected. In this review, we summarize the critical aspects of endoscope sample collection and present a practical approach to root-cause analysis and remedial action plans.
Associations of facility-level antibiotic use and hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection in US acute-care hospitals, 2012–2018
Authors: Kazakova Sophia V. , Baggs James , Yi Sarah H. , Reddy Sujan C. , Hatfield Kelly M. , Guh Alice Y. , Jernigan John A. , McDonald L. Clifford 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPreviously reported associations between hospital-level antibiotic use and hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI) were reexamined using 2012–2018 data from a new cohort of US acute-care hospitals. This analysis revealed significant positive associations between total, third-generation, and fourth-generation cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone, carbapenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam use and HO-CDI rates, confirming previous findings.
Microcomputed tomography of the holotype of the early tetrapodIchthyerpeton bradleyae(Huxley in Wright and Huxley, 1866) from the Pennsylvanian of Ireland
Authors: Gogáin Aodhán Ó , Wyse Jackson Patrick N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIchthyerpeton bradleyae(Huxley in Wright and Huxley, 1866) is one of the seven tetrapods originally described by Huxley from the Jarrow Assemblage (Pennsylvanian, Langsettian Regional Substage equated with the Bashkirian International Stage) in south-eastern Ireland. The holotype, one of only two specimens considered to represent the taxon, consists of the postcranial skeleton, which has been highly compressed and has undergone extensive replacement of bone by carbonaceous material. The holotype is studied using microcomputed tomography, which reveals that the vertebral column has at least 25 diplospondylous vertebrae with cylindrical centra. Neural arches and a haemal arch are described for the first time. Neural arches in the caudal region are paired and neural spines only contact one another dorsally. The hemal arch is fused and wraps around the ventral margin of the centrum. A stout femur and tibia are described. The morphology of the femur is unique for early tetrapods, with fibular and tibial condyles of similar length and lacking an adductor crest. The morphology of the femur, and its length relative to the tibia, suggests that the holotype ofI. bradleyaepreserves an immature individual. The tibia is a flat bone characteristic of stem tetrapods. Phalanges from the right and left pes are present. Because the phalanges are disarticulated, a phalangeal count cannot be determined. Despite the new anatomical information, the systematic position ofI. bradleyaeis still difficult to establish; however, it does not belong within the colosteids, temnospondyls, or embolomeres, to which it has previously been assigned.
CLOSURE PROPERTIES OF MEASURABLE ULTRAPOWERS
Authors: LÜCKE PHILIPP , MÜLLER SANDRA 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study closure properties of measurable ultrapowers with respect to Hamkin’s notion of freshness and show that the extent of these properties highly depends on the combinatorial properties of the underlying model of set theory. In one direction, a result of Sakai shows that, by collapsing a strongly compact cardinal to become the double successor of a measurable cardinal, it is possible to obtain a model of set theory in which such ultrapowers possess the strongest possible closure properties. In the other direction, we use various square principles to show that measurable ultrapowers of canonical inner models only possess the minimal amount of closure properties. In addition, the techniques developed in the proofs of these results also allow us to derive statements about the consistency strength of the existence of measurable ultrapowers with non-minimal closure properties.
Fossil molluscs from borehole Hollum (Ameland, the Netherlands) constrain three successive Quaternary interglacial marine intervals in the southern North Sea Basin
Authors: Meijer Tom , Pouwer Ronald , Cleveringa Piet , de Wolf Hein , Busschers Freek S. , Wesselingh Frank P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
When dealing with stratigraphic successions in marginal basin settings, the geological record is often fragmented due to erosion and reworking processes. The North Sea Basin is an example: it has a fragmented Quaternary record; in particular, Middle Pleistocene intervals are poorly known. As a result, we have little insight into climate, marine environmental conditions and biodiversity in this period. Here we describe and discuss a succession of three interglacial marine mollusc-bearing intervals in a borehole from Ameland in the northern Netherlands (borehole B01H0189 near Hollum). These intervals are attributed to marine isotope stages MIS7, MIS5e and MIS1. The Holocene Celtic type of faunas (interval 0–26.24 m below surface (b.s.)) and Eemian Lusitanian type of faunas (26.24–30.40 m b.s.) are well-known from previous research. The newly reported MIS7 Oostermeer fauna (32.80–39.00 m b.s.) represents mostly full marine settings between storm wave base and fair-weather wave base. In composition and diversity, the MIS7 and MIS1 faunas strongly resemble and differ from the MIS5e fauna. This is the first well-documented record of three stacked marine interglacial assemblages from the southern North Sea Basin at one location. This new record enables us to make complete marine faunal characterisations of successive interglacial periods. Key implications for southern North Sea stratigraphy and palaeogeography are the resemblance of marine faunas and conditions in MIS7 and MIS1, the presence of a relatively warm latest MIS6 freshwater interval and confirmation and characterisation of the warm Eemian interval north of the classical type area.
Partisan Polarization Is the Primary Psychological Motivation behind Political Fake News Sharing on Twitter
Authors: OSMUNDSEN MATHIAS , BOR ALEXANDER , VAHLSTRUP PETER BJERREGAARD , BECHMANN ANJA , PETERSEN MICHAEL BANG 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe rise of “fake news” is a major concern in contemporary Western democracies. Yet, research on the psychological motivations behind the spread of political fake news on social media is surprisingly limited. Are citizens who share fake newsignorantand lazy? Are they fueled by sinister motives, seeking todisruptthe social status quo? Or do they seek to attack partisan opponents in an increasinglypolarizedpolitical environment? This article is the first to test these competing hypotheses based on a careful mapping of psychological profiles of over 2,300 American Twitter users linked to behavioral sharing data and sentiment analyses of more than 500,000 news story headlines. The findings contradict the ignorance perspective but provide some support for the disruption perspective and strong support for the partisan polarization perspective. Thus, individuals who report hating their political opponents are the most likely to share political fake news and selectively share content that is useful for derogating these opponents. Overall, our findings show that fake news sharing is fueled by the same psychological motivations that drive other forms of partisan behavior, including sharing partisan news from traditional and credible news sources.