bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelagem matemática e simulação para previsão do fluxo de nêutrons em reatores nucleares
Authors: Neto Juan Canellas Bosch , Parreira Carla Cristina Araújo , Ribeiro Bruna Paloma , Castro João Victor Sales 
Published: October 2021

Nesse trabalho foi realizado um estudo e proposta para simulação da densidade de nêutrons em reatores nucleares. A viabilidade dos reatores nucleares depende de um sistema de segurança eficiente na operação de suas unidades de processamento nucleares. Grande parte da segurança dessas operações está relacionada com o fluxo de nêutrons nesses reatores, o que necessita de um balanço bem equilibrado entre os nêutrons emitidos e os nêutrons perdidos via absorção ou fuga de nêutrons, a fim de evitar grandes danos como superaquecimento e possíveis explosões. Neste trabalho, foram abordadas algumas técnicas para previsão desse fluxo de nêutrons dos reatores nucleares que podem permitir a aplicação de ferramentas de controle no sistema.
De pandemie als spiegel
Authors: van Delden Myrthe , Hendrikx Wiljan , Keulemans Shelena , van der Steen Martijn 
Published: October 2021

The pandemic as a mirror: lessons that public administration can draw from the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic
This is an introduction to a special issue dedicated to drawing lessons from the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. We introduce the various papers of the special issue, raise the questions we seek to answer in this special issue, and formulate an agenda for future research on the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Helicobacter pylori Seromarkers in a University Students Population in Central Nigeria
Authors: B. Oti Victor , H. Mohammed Isa , Y. Al-Mustapha Fatima , B. Buhari Salamatu 
Published: October 2021

Infection due to Helicobacter pylori is a public health challenge worldwide as over 3 billion persons are infected with the bacterium globally. There is a serious need to update the knowledge on the epidemiology of this bacterial pathogen and its probable risks factors to generate intervention programs that will reduce the morbidity and mortality of infected individuals. This chapter evaluated the seromarkers of H. pylori infection and its predisposing factors among students of Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Central Nigeria. This study was done between June through August 2019; blood and stool specimens were collected from 400 students of the institution. Before the commencement of the study, ethical clearance and informed consent were retrieved and a structured questionnaire was administered to each participant. Specimens were screened for H. pylori antigen and antibody using rapid test kits (CTK Biotech, Inc., San Diego, USA and Biotest Biotech, China). Information obtained were analyzed using SSP version 2.80. P values <0.05 were reflected statistically significant. Out of the 400 students tested, 166 (41.5%) and 128 (32.0%) showed positive for anti-H. pylori IgG and Ag markers respectively. The antibody seromarker was higher in female while the H. pylori antigen was higher in males. Those students aged 21–30 years old reported the highest prevalence of the seromarkers while those of more than 41 years old had the least prevalence. Location, type of toilet facility and place of residence were statistical associated between H. pylori antigen (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant association between anti-H. pylori IgG and the sources of water of the students (P < 0.05). This is the first public report that has successfully reported the prevalence of these seromarkers among students of a tertiary institution in Nasarawa state. The overall outcomes of this study stressed the need for student-based intervention programs to stem the transmission of this infection in Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Domestic Violence in Pregnant Women and Their Types. Case Study in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Komang Yuni Rahyani Ni , Made Dwi Mahayati Ni , Widhi Gunapria Darmapatni Made , Wayan Armini Ni 
Published: October 2021

The island of Bali, as part of the Republic of Indonesia, is predominantly Hindu and generally follows a patrilineal kinship system. There is a link between the patrilineal kinship system and incidents of violence against women. The purpose of this paper is to describe the incidence of domestic violence /DV that has been experienced by pregnant women in the last 12 months in Bali. The study design was a mixed method, namely quantitative-qualitative. The research samples were pregnant women in the third trimester in the Pedungan Traditional Village area in Denpasar City (31 people) and the Nongan Traditional Village in Karangasem Regency (33 people). Data collection was carried out in 2015 from June to August. Forms of domestic violence incidents experienced by pregnant women in the last 12 months were more pregnant women in Nongan Village experiencing sexual abuse (3 people / 9.09% vs. 2 people / 6.45%)), economic abuse incidents (8 people / 24.24% vs. 2 people / 6.45%) compared to pregnant women in Pedungan Village. History of DV in the form of physical violence, social violence and emotional violence. The negative impact felt by pregnant women who are victims of DV, especially psychosomatic complaints, even to the point where they intend to suicide, delayed in doing antenatal care and miscarriage. It is necessary to improve the role and competence of midwives in early detection of DV in pregnant women who have their antenatal care at a health facility and cross-sector cooperation.
A Selectional Theory of Adjunct Control
Authors: Landau Idan 
Published: October 2021

A novel, systematic theory of adjunct control, explaining how and why adjuncts shift between obligatory and nonobligatory control.
Control in adjuncts involves a complex interaction of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, which so far has resisted systematic analysis. In this book, Idan Landau offers the first comprehensive account of adjunct control. Extending the framework developed in his earlier book, A Two-Tiered Theory of Control, Landau analyzes ten different types of adjuncts and shows that they fall into two categories: those displaying strict obligatory control (OC) and those alternating between OC and nonobligatory control (NOC). He explains how and why adjuncts shift between OC and NOC, unifying their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties.
Landau shows that the split between the two types of adjuncts reflects a fundamental distinction in the semantic type of the adjunct: property (OC) or proposition (NOC), a distinction independently detectable by the adjunct's tolerance to a lexical subject. After presenting a fully compositional account of controlled adjuncts, Landau tests and confirms the specific configurational predictions for each type of adjunct. He describes the interplay between OC and NOC in terms of general principles of competition—both within the grammar and outside of it, in the pragmatics and in the processing module—shedding new light on classical puzzles in the acquisition of adjunct control by children. Along the way, he addresses a range of empirical phenomena, including implicit arguments, event control, logophoricity, and topicality.
Identifying Plasmodium falciparum transmission patterns through parasite prevalence and entomological inoculation rate
Authors: Amoah Benjamin , McCann Robert S , Kabaghe Alinune N , Mburu Monicah , Chipeta Michael G , Moraga Paula , Gowelo Steven , Tizifa Tinashe , van den Berg Henk , Mzilahowa Themba , Takken Willem , van Vugt Michele , Phiri Kamija S , Diggle Peter J , Terlouw Dianne J , Giorgi Emanuele 
Published: October 2021

Background:Monitoring malaria transmission is a critical component of efforts to achieve targets for elimination and eradication. Two commonly monitored metrics of transmission intensity are parasite prevalence (PR) and the entomological inoculation rate (EIR). Comparing the spatial and temporal variations in the PR and EIR of a given geographical region and modelling the relationship between the two metrics may provide a fuller picture of the malaria epidemiology of the region to inform control activities.Methods:Using geostatistical methods, we compare the spatial and temporal patterns ofPlasmodium falciparumEIR and PR using data collected over 38 months in a rural area of Malawi. We then quantify the relationship between EIR and PR by using empirical and mechanistic statistical models.Results:Hotspots identified through the EIR and PR partly overlapped during high transmission seasons but not during low transmission seasons. The estimated relationship showed a 1-month delayed effect of EIR on PR such that at lower levels of EIR, increases in EIR are associated with rapid rise in PR, whereas at higher levels of EIR, changes in EIR do not translate into notable changes in PR.Conclusions:Our study emphasises the need for integrated malaria control strategies that combine vector and human host managements monitored by both entomological and parasitaemia indices.Funding:This work was supported by Stichting Dioraphte grant number 13050800.
Role of the Solvation Shell Structure and Dynamics on K‐Ion and Li‐Ion Transport in Mixed Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Rodriguez Jassiel R. , Seo Bumjoon , Savoie Brett M. , Pol Vilas G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEthylene and diethyl carbonates (EC : DEC) have been attractive solvents for Li‐ion electrolytes because these can exhibit a good ionic conductivity and stable electrochemical performance. However, in the contemporary K‐ion electrolytes, KPF6 presents a limited solubility of ∼0.6 M in EC : DEC (volume ratio 1 : 1), which restricts its performance. Here, the molecular basis for these distinct solvation behaviors is clarified by combining experimental attenuated total reflectance‐infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements with molecular dynamics simulations, revealing the distinct roles of EC and DEC solvents on the solubility, ionic conductivity, and solvation shell structures of KPF6 and LiPF6 salts in EC : DEC mixtures. In turn, these insights have enabled the formulation of a new K‐ion electrolyte with EC : DEC volume ratio of 1.5 that exhibits significantly increased KPF6 solubility (∼0.9 M) and ionic conductivity, reaching 13.99 mS cm−1 at 25 °C.
Trópos and Átropos Biindole Chiral Electroactive Monomers: A Voltammetry and HPLC Comparative Insight
Authors: Arnaboldi Serena , Grecchi Sara , Vaghi Luca , Penoni Andrea , Scapinello Luca , Buzzi Ivo Franco , Cirilli Roberto , Pierini Marco , Benincori Tiziana , Mussini Patrizia Romana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA series of 2,2’‐biindole‐based inherently chiral electroactive monomers are comparatively investigated with their 3,3’ analogues as an excellent study case of two equivalent redox centres interacting through a torsional barrier. The twin peak potential splitting observed in voltammetry for the first oxidation of the biheteroaromatic core accounts for the energy barrier height: the lower the barrier, the larger the peak potential splitting, with modulation by solvent and temperature. The height of the energy barrier is determining for the electrochemical and spectroscopic features of the monomers as well as for their configurational stability and applicability for enantioselection purposes. The 3,3’ monomers, featuring large twin peak splittings in CV, are “trópos” systems with a low torsional barrier, so they cannot exist as stable enantiomers at room temperature. Instead their 2,2’ isomers, with much smaller twin peak splittings, are “átropos” systems and can be separated by enantioselective HPLC into stable enantiomers, providing powerful “inherently chiral” selectors with outstanding enantioselection properties in chiral electroanalysis and electrochemistry as well as in chiroptical spectroscopy, with fascinating reciprocal correlations.
The proliferation role of LH on porcine primordial germ cell‐like cells (pPGCLCs) through ceRNA network construction
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Yu , Tian Yu , Zhang Shu‐Er , Yan Hong‐Chen , Ge Wei , Han Bao‐Quan , Yan Zi‐Hui , Cheng Shun‐Feng , Shen Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe transdifferentiation of skin‐derived stem cells (SDSCs) into primordial germ cell‐like cells (PGCLCs) is one of the major breakthroughs in the field of stem cells research in recent years. This technology provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of human infertility. However, the transdifferentiation efficiency of SDSCs to PGCLCs is very low, and scientists are still exploring ways to improve this efficiency or promote the proliferation of PGCLCs. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of luteinising hormone (LH) to enhance porcine PGCLCs (pPGCLCs) proliferation.ResultsIn this study, we dissected the proliferation regulatory network of pPGCLCs by whole transcriptome sequencing, and the results showed that the pituitary‐secreted reproductive hormone LH significantly promoted the proliferation of pPGCLCs. We combined whole transcriptome sequencing and related validation experiments to explore the mechanism of LH on the proliferation of pPGCLCs, and found that LH could affect the expression of Hippo signalling pathway‐related mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs in pPGCLCs.ConclusionsFor the first time, we found that LH promotes pPGCLCs proliferation through the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks and Hippo signalling pathway. This finding may help to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which LH promotes pPGCLCs proliferation.
Interleukin enhancer‐binding factor 2 promotes cell proliferation and DNA damage response in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Bustos Matias A. , Gross Rebecca , Ramos Romela Irene , Takeshima Teh‐Ling , Mills Gordon B. , Yu Qiang , Hoon Dave S. B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground1q21.3 amplification, which is frequently observed in metastatic melanoma, is associated with cancer progression. Interleukin enhancer‐binding factor 2 (ILF2) is located in the 1q21.3 amplified region, but its functional role or contribution to tumour aggressiveness in cutaneous melanoma is unknown.MethodsIn silico analyses were performed using the TCGA SKCM dataset with clinical annotations and three melanoma microarray cohorts from the GEO datasets. RNA in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry were utilised to validate the gene expression in melanoma tissues. Four stable melanoma cell lines were established for in vitro ILF2 functional characterisation.ResultsOur results showed that the ILF2 copy number variation (CNV) is positively correlated with ILF2 mRNA expression (r = 0.68, p < .0001). Additionally, ILF2 expression is significantly increased with melanoma progression (p < .0001), and significantly associated with poor overall survival for metastatic melanoma patients (p = .026). The overexpression of ILF2 (ILF2‐OV) promotes proliferation in metastatic melanoma cells, whereas ILF2 knockdown decreases proliferation by blocking the cell cycle. Mechanistically, we demonstrated the interaction between ILF2 and the splicing factor U2AF2, whose knockdown reverses the proliferation effects mediated by ILF2‐OV. Stage IIIB–C melanoma patients with high ILF2‐U2AF2 expression showed significantly shorter overall survival (p = .024). Enhanced ILF2/U2AF2 expression promotes a more efficient DNA‐damage repair by increasing RAD50 and ATM mRNA expression. Paradoxically, metastatic melanoma cells with ILF2‐OV were more sensitive to ATM inhibitors.ConclusionOur study uncovered that ILF2 amplification of the 1q21.3 chromosome is associated with melanoma progression and triggers a functional downstream pathway in metastatic melanoma promoting drug resistance.
Whole‐organ transdermal photobiomodulation (PBM) of COVID‐19: A 50‐patient case study
Authors: Williams Richard K. , Raimondo John , Cahn David , Williams Aldon , Schell Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA nonrandomized 50‐person case study of COVID‐19‐positive patients was conducted employing (for the first time) a regimen of whole‐organ deep‐tissue transdermal dynamic photobiomodulation (PBM) as a primary (or exclusive) therapeutic modality in the treatment of coronavirus. Therapy sessions comprised algorithmically alternating red (650 nm) and near‐infrared (NIR; 850 nm) LEDs with an average irradiance of 11 mW/cm2 dynamically sequenced at multiple pulse frequencies. Delivered via 3D bendable polymeric pads maintaining orthogonal optical incidence to body contours over 1,000 cm2, a single 84‐minute session concurrently delivered 20 kJ to the sinuses and 15 kJ to each lung at skin temperatures below 42°C. Therapeutic outcomes observed include significant reductions in the duration and severity of disease symptoms. Acute conditions including fever, body aches (BA) and respiratory distress comprising paroxysmal coughing; lung congestion, dyspnea and hypoxia; sinus congestion; acute eye inflammation; and extreme malaise were eliminated in 41/50 patients within 4 days of commencing PBM treatments with 50/50 patients fully recovering within 3 weeks with no supplemental oxygen requirements. SpO2 concentrations improved as much as 9 points (average 2.5 points) across the entire study population. The PBM sessions required to completely resolve COVID‐19 conditions appears monotonically correlated to the time‐to‐treatment (TTTx)—the delay between the onset of a patient's symptoms and commencing PBM therapy. In contrast, acute inflammatory symptoms were resolved within 4 days irrespective of TTTx.
Bioallethrin activates specific olfactory sensory neurons and elicits spatial repellency in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Valbon Wilson , Andreazza Felipe , Oliveira Eugenio E , Liu Feng , Feng Bo , Hall Maura , Klimavicz James , Coats Joel R , Dong Ke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDUse of pyrethroid insecticides is a pivotal strategy for mosquito control globally. Commonly known for their insecticidal activity by acting on voltage‐gated sodium channels, pyrethroids, such as bioallethrin and transfluthrin, are used in mosquito coils, emanators and other vaporizers to repel mosquitoes and other biting arthropods. However, whether specific olfactory receptor neurons are activated by pyrethroids to trigger spatial repellency remains unknown.RESULTSWe used behavioral and electrophysiological approaches to elucidate the mechanism of bioallethrin repellency in Aedes aegypti, a major vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya viruses. We found that bioallethrin elicits spatial (i.e. non‐contact) repellency and activates a specific type of olfactory receptor neuron in mosquito antennae. Furthermore, bioallethrin repellency is significantly reduced in a mosquito mutant of Orco, an obligate olfactory co‐receptor that is essential for the function of odorant receptors (Ors). These results indicate that activation of specific Or(s) by bioallethrin contributes to bioallethrin repellency. In addition, bioallethrin repellency was reduced in a pyrethroid‐resistant strain that carries two mutations in the sodium channel gene that are responsible for knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids, indicating a role of activation of sodium channels in bioallethrin repellency.CONCLUSIONResults from this study show that bioallethrin repellency is likely to be the result of co‐activation of Or(s) and sodium channels. These findings not only contribute to our understanding of the modes of action of volatile pyrethroids in spatial repellency, but also provide a framework for developing new repellents based on the dual‐target mechanism revealed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Improved fault detection and control allocation for hypersonic re‐entry vehicle subject to intermittent fault and disturbance
Authors: Chen Fuyang , Jin Fan , Wang Zili 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the nonlinear fault detection and control allocation of a hypersonic re‐entry vehicle with intermittent faults and disturbances. The uncertain external disturbances in the inner loop system are processed on the basis of the studied intermittent fault mode. A set of residuals is generated by sliding time windows, and two hypothesis tests based on the residual mean are proposed to detect the appearance and disappearance of faults. An augmented observer is used to estimate the faults subject to the ‐gain disturbance rejection constraint. A nonlinear backstepping fault‐tolerant control is designed to generate the desired control torque and make the output attitude track the given signal. An optimization control allocation algorithm distributes the desired torque to aerodynamic surfaces and reaction control system jets. The stability of the schemes is analyzed by Lyapunov and linear matrix inequality theories. Numerical simulation and rapid prototyping results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods.
Convenient Construction of Spiro[pyrazole‐4,1′‐pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinoline] and Spiro[pyrazole‐4,4′‐pyrido[1,2‐a]quinoline] via Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Fang Hui‐Ling , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe three‐component reaction of isoquinoline, dialkyl but‐2‐ynedioate and 4‐arylidene‐5‐methyl‐2‐phenylpyrazol‐3‐ones in acetonitrile at room temperature gave functionalized spiro[pyrazole‐4,1′‐pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolines] in satisfactory yields with cis/cis‐diastereoisomer as major product. On the other hand, the similar three‐component reaction with quinoline afforded both cis/cis‐ and cis/trans‐isomeric spiro[pyrazole‐4,4′‐pyrido[1,2‐a]quinolines] in nearly comparable yields. The reaction was finished with in situ generation of Huisgen’ 1,4‐dipole, sequential Michael addition and annulation reaction process.
Replacement of Loop Residues in TBA by an Abasic Ethylene Glycol Spacer: Effect on Stability, Structure and Function**
Authors: Wagh Atish A. , Ghalawat Monika , Fernandes Moneesha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article describes the synthesis of ethyleneglycol (E) phosphoramidite and its incorporation into the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) sequence at loop positions. Circular dichroism (CD) study revealed no major disturbances in the secondary structure of TBA by the abasic E unit and the derived oligomers exhibited a typical antiparallel chair‐like conformation similar to that of TBA. UV and CD spectroscopy, together with anti‐coagulation and HPLC studies revealed that although nuclease stability was enhanced, and anti‐coagulation reasonably good, the thermal stability of the quadruplexes was adversely affected.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Organic Carbonate from Alcohol and Alkyl Bromide under Low CO2 Pressure
Authors: Liu Kai , Liu Chun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA mild and highly efficient approach has been developed for the one‐pot synthesis of organic carbonate from CO2, alcohol and alkyl bromide using 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) as the activator. The conditions of template reaction were screened and the corresponding product butyl methyl carbonate (BMC, 1), was obtained with a high yield of 95 % in 1 h. The reaction system can be extended for the synthesis of organic carbonates from a broad range of alcohols and alkyl bromides with excellent yields under low CO2 pressure. DBU was proved to be recyclable after having been treated with KOH in ethanol. In addition, a plausible mechanism of this reaction was proposed according to the present results and literature reports.
Constructing Synergistic Covalent and Supramolecular Polymers by Combining Photodimerization with Host‐guest Interactions
Authors: Zhang Jing , Sun Ji‐Fu , Yang Bo , Gao Zhong‐Zheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this letter, a novel one‐dimensional supramolecular polymer has been successfully constructed from 4‐(4‐(1‐benzyl‐pyridinium)styryl)‐1‐methyl‐pyridinium chloride (BPSMP) guest molecule and a host CB[8] depending on the host‐guest interactions which was characterized by NMR, electronic absorption, ITC, DLS, ESI‐MS and fluorescence spectroscopy. Interestingly, the supramolecular polymers could transform into synergistic covalent and supramolecular polymers when irradiated with visible light, from irreversible polymerization of a preorganized supramolecular polymer through cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])‐controlled [2+2] photodimerization.