bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Stat3 in NLRP3/caspase‐1‐mediated hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis in epileptic mice
Authors: Jiang Qian , Tang Guo , Zhong Xue‐Min , Ding Dan‐Rui , Wang Hui , Li Jia‐Ni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEpilepsy, a fairly common neurological disorder, is linked to various sequelae and greatly impairs the quality of life. Meanwhile, there is evidence to suggest an association between pyroptosis and epilepsy. Accordingly, the current study sought to determine the role of signal transduction activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) in pyroptosis in epileptic mice. First, epileptic mouse models were induced by lithium chloride, atropine, and pilocarpine, and HT22 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish in vitro hippocampal neuronal inflammation models. Subsequently, Stat3, NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), cleaved‐caspase‐1, gasdermin D (GSDMD)‐N, activated Stat3 (p‐Stat3), and H3K9Ac levels were detected in the mouse hippocampus and HT22 cells. Morris water maze test was further performed to detect changes in the learning and memory abilities of epileptic mice, and hematoxylin‐eosin staining and Nissl staining were conducted to detect the pathological injury. HT22 cell proliferation and apoptosis were also detected using a cell counting kit‐8 assay and flow cytometry. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was adopted to detect Interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 concentrations in the mouse hippocampus and HT22 cells. Furthermore, the enrichment of H3K9Ac and p‐Stat3 in the NLRP3 promoter region was detected with the help of a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The obtained findings revealed that Stat3 was highly expressed in the hippocampus of epileptic mice and LPS‐treated HT22 cells. Meanwhile, Stat3 silencing brought about improvements in the learning and memory abilities of the mice, in addition to alleviation of hippocampal neuronal damage and pyroptosis‐related factors in hippocampal tissue and HT22 cells. We also observed that Stat3 bound to the NLRP3 promoter to promote H3K9 acetylation and NLRP3 transcription. Moreover, increasing H3K9Ac in cells annulled the inhibition of silencing Stat3 on neuronal pyroptosis. To conclude, our findings revealed that Stat3 bound to the NLRP3 promoter to augment H3K9 acetylation, NLRP3 transcription, and NLRP3/caspase‐1‐mediated neuronal pyroptosis, resulting in aggravation of neuronal damage in epileptic mice.
Anaesthetic management and complications during cutting balloon and high‐pressure balloon dilation in a dog with a double‐chambered right ventricle
Authors: Sambugaro Beatrice , De Gennaro Chiara , Vettorato Enzo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 3‐month‐old female Cocker Spaniel was presented for investigation of a V/VI left basilar heart murmur and diagnosed with a double‐chambered right ventricle. Atenolol was prescribed for 3 months before surgical correction of the congenital anomaly, combining cutting balloon and high‐pressure balloon (CB‐HPB) dilation. A few days before the intervention, the dog showed signs of right‐sided congestive heart failure and it was treated with furosemide, benazepril/spironolactone and pleural effusion were drained. During CB‐HPB dilation, cardiac index and systemic arterial blood pressure suddenly decreased on two occasions probably secondary to a dynamic right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Cardiac arrest occurred and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was unsuccessful.
Off-shell higher-spin fields in AdS4 and external currents
Authors: Misuna N.G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We construct an unfolded system for off-shell fields of arbitrary integer spin in 4d anti-de Sitter space. To this end we couple an on-shell system, encoding Fronsdal equations, to external Fronsdal currents for which we find an unfolded formulation. We present a reduction of the Fronsdal current system which brings it to the unfolded Fierz-Pauli system describing massive fields of arbitrary integer spin. Reformulating off-shell higher-spin system as the set of Schwinger–Dyson equations we compute propagators of higher-spin fields in the de Donder gauge directly from the unfolded equations. We discover operators that significantly simplify this computation, allowing a straightforward extraction of wave equations from an unfolded system.
Mirror channel eigenvectors of the d-dimensional fishnets
Authors: Derkachov Sergey , Ferrando Gwenaël , Olivucci Enrico 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present a basis of eigenvectors for the graph building operators acting along the mirror channel of planar fishnet Feynman integrals in d-dimensions. The eigenvectors of a fishnet lattice of length N depend on a set of N quantum numbers (uk, lk ), each associated with the rapidity and bound-state index of a lattice excitation. Each excitation is a particle in (1 + 1)-dimensions with O(d) internal symmetry, and the wave-functions are formally constructed with a set of creation/annihilation operators that satisfy the corresponding Zamolodchikovs-Faddeev algebra. These properties are proved via the representation, new to our knowledge, of the matrix elements of the fused R-matrix with O(d) symmetry as integral operators on the functions of two spacetime points. The spectral decomposition of a fishnet integral we achieved can be applied to the computation of Basso-Dixon integrals in higher dimensions.
Warm inflation, neutrinos and dark matter: a minimal extension of the Standard Model
Authors: Levy Miguel , Rosa João G. , Ventura Luís B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We show that warm inflation can be realized within a minimal extension of the Standard Model with three right-handed neutrinos, three complex scalars and a gauged lepton/B-L U(1) symmetry. This simple model can address all the shortcomings of the Standard Model that are not related to fine-tuning, within general relativity, with distinctive experimental signatures that can be probed in the near future. The inflaton field emerges from the collective breaking of the U(1) symmetry, and interacts with two of the right-handed neutrinos, sustaining a high-temperature radiation bath during inflation. The discrete interchange symmetry of the model protects the scalar potential against large thermal corrections and leads to a stable inflaton remnant at late times which can account for dark matter. Consistency of the model and agreement with Cosmic Microwave Background observations naturally yield light neutrino masses below 0.1 eV, while thermal leptogenesis occurs naturally after a smooth exit from inflation into the radiation era.
Do lower nitrogen fertilization levels require breeding of different types of cultivars in triticale?
Authors: Neuweiler Jan E. , Trini Johannes , Maurer Hans Peter , Würschum Tobias 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Key message
The comparably low genotype-by-nitrogen level interaction suggests that selection in early generations can be done under high-input conditions followed by selection under different nitrogen levels to identify genotypes ideally suited for the target environment.

Abstract
Breeding high-yielding, nitrogen-efficient crops is of utmost importance to achieve greater agricultural sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of triticale, investigate long-term genetic trends and the genetic architecture, and develop strategies for NUE improvement by breeding. For this, we evaluated 450 different triticale genotypes under four nitrogen fertilization levels in multi-environment field trials for grain yield, protein content, starch content and derived indices. Analysis of temporal trends revealed that modern cultivars are better in exploiting the available nitrogen. Genome-wide association mapping revealed a complex genetic architecture with many small-effect QTL and a high level of pleiotropy for NUE-related traits, in line with phenotypic correlations. Furthermore, the effect of some QTL was dependent on the nitrogen fertilization level. High correlations of each trait between N levels and the rather low genotype-by-N-level interaction variance showed that generally the same genotypes perform well over different N levels. Nevertheless, the best performing genotype was always a different one. Thus, selection in early generations can be done under high nitrogen fertilizer conditions as these provide a stronger differentiation, but the final selection in later generations should be conducted with a nitrogen fertilization as in the target environment.
Studying human-to-computer bias transference
Authors: Johansen Johanna , Pedersen Tore , Johansen Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is generally agreed that one origin of machine bias is resulting from characteristics within the dataset on which the algorithms are trained, i.e., the data does not warrant a generalized inference. We, however, hypothesize that a different ‘mechanism’ may also be responsible for machine bias, namely that biases may originate from (i) the programmers’ cultural background, including education or line of work, or (ii) the contextual programming environment, including software requirements or developer tools. Combining an experimental and comparative design, we study the effects of cultural and contextual metaphors, and test whether each of these are ‘transferred’ from the programmer to the program, thus constituting a machine bias. Our results show that (i) cultural metaphors influence the programmer’s choices and (ii) contextual metaphors induced through priming can be used to moderate or exacerbate the effects of the cultural metaphors. Our studies are purposely performed with users of varying educational backgrounds and programming skills stretching from novice to proficient.
Load step reduction for adjoint sensitivity analysis of finite strain elastoplasticity
Authors: Wang Wenjia , Clausen Peter M. , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, load step reduction techniques are investigated for adjoint sensitivity analysis of path-dependent nonlinear finite element systems. In particular, the focus is on finite strain elastoplasticity with typical hardening models. The aim is to reduce the computational cost in the adjoint sensitivity implementation. The adjoint sensitivity formulation is derived with the multiplicative decomposition of deformation gradient, which is applicable to finite strain elastoplasticity. Two properties of adjoint variables are investigated and theoretically proved under certain prerequisites. Based on these properties, load step reduction rules in the sensitivity analysis are discussed. The efficiency of the load step reduction and the applicability to isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening models are numerically demonstrated. Examples include a small-scale cantilever beam structure and a large-scale conrod structure under huge plastic deformations.
Topology optimization of periodically arranged components using shared design domains
Authors: Rieser Jasper , Zimmermann Markus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBuilding structures from identical components organized in a periodic pattern is a common design strategy to reduce design effort, structural complexity and cost. However, any periodic pattern will impose certain design restrictions often leading to lower structural efficiency and heavier weight. Much research is available for periodic structures with connected components. This paper addresses minimal compliance design for periodic arrangements of unconnected components. The design problem discussed here is relevant for many applications where a tightly nested, space-saving arrangement of identical components is required. We formulate an optimal design problem for a component being part of a periodic arrangement. The orientation and position of the component relatively to its neighbours are prescribed. The component design is computed by topology optimization on a design domain possibly shared by several neighbouring components. Additional constraints prevent components from overlapping. Constraint aggregation is employed to reduce the computational cost of many local constraints. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by a series of 2D and 3D examples with an ever-smaller distance between the components. Moreover, problem-specific ranges with only little to no increase in compliance are reported.
Translational imaging of the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) using the new ligand [68Ga]Ga-OncoFAP-DOTAGA
Authors: Backhaus P. , Gierse F. , Burg M. C. , Büther F. , Asmus I. , Dorten P. , Cufe J. , Roll W. , Neri D. , Cazzamalli S. , Millul J. , Mock J. , Galbiati A. , Zana A. , Schäfers K. P. , Hermann S. , Weckesser M. , Tio J. , Wagner S. , Breyholz H.-J. , Schäfers M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is an emerging target for molecular imaging and therapy in cancer. OncoFAP is a novel small organic ligand for FAP with very high affinity. In this translational study, we establish [68Ga]Ga-OncoFAP-DOTAGA (68Ga-OncoFAP) radiolabeling, benchmark its properties in preclinical imaging, and evaluate its application in clinical PET scanning.

Methods
68Ga-OncoFAP was synthesized in a cassette-based fully automated labeling module. Lipophilicity, affinity, and serum stability of 68Ga-OncoFAP were assessed by determining logD7.4, IC50 values, and radiochemical purity. 68Ga-OncoFAP tumor uptake and imaging properties were assessed in preclinical dynamic PET/MRI in murine subcutaneous tumor models. Finally, biodistribution and uptake in a variety of tumor types were analyzed in 12 patients based on individual clinical indications that received 163 ± 50 MBq 68Ga-OncoFAP combined with PET/CT and PET/MRI.

Results
68Ga-OncoFAP radiosynthesis was accomplished with high radiochemical yields. Affinity for FAP, lipophilicity, and stability of 68Ga-OncoFAP measured are ideally suited for PET imaging. PET and gamma counting–based biodistribution demonstrated beneficial tracer kinetics and high uptake in murine FAP-expressing tumor models with high tumor-to-blood ratios of 8.6 ± 5.1 at 1 h and 38.1 ± 33.1 at 3 h p.i. Clinical 68Ga-OncoFAP-PET/CT and PET/MRI demonstrated favorable biodistribution and kinetics with high and reliable uptake in primary cancers (SUVmax 12.3 ± 2.3), lymph nodes (SUVmax 9.7 ± 8.3), and distant metastases (SUVmax up to 20.0).

Conclusion
Favorable radiochemical properties, rapid clearance from organs and soft tissues, and intense tumor uptake validate 68Ga-OncoFAP as a powerful alternative to currently available FAP tracers.
The Simultaneous Presence of Isolated Tumour Cells and Bone Marrow Micrometastases in Stage I and II Colon Cancer—Challenging the Theory of a Chronological Pathway of Tumour Cell Dissemination
Authors: Ramser Michaela , Warschkow Rene , Viehl Carsten T. , Kettelhack Christoph , Zettl Andreas , Lobbes Leonard A. , Zuber Markus , Weixler Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the common tenet, tumour progression is a chronological process starting with lymphatic invasion. In this respect, the meaning of bone marrow micrometastases (BMM) in patients with lymph node negative colon cancer (CC) is unclear. This study examines the relationship of isolated tumour cells (ITC) in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) and BMM in patients in early CC.MethodsBM aspirates were taken from both pelvic crests and in vivo SLN mapping was done during open oncologic colon resection in patients with stage I and II CC. Stainings were performed with the pancytokeratin markers A45‐B/B3 and AE1/AE3 as well as H&E. The correlation between the occurrence of ITC+ and BMM+ and their effects on survival was examined using Cox regression analysis.ResultsIn a total of 78 patients with stage I and II CC, 11 patients (14%) were ITC+, 29 patients (37%) BMM+. Of these patients, only two demonstrated simultaneous ITC+ /BMM+. The occurrence of BMM+ was neither associated with ITC+ in standard correlation (kappa = − 0.13 [95% confidence interval [CI] = − 0.4–0.14], p = 0.342) nor univariate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95%CI:0.07–1.50, p = 0.180) or multivariate (OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.09–2.95, p = 0.519) analyses. Combined detection of ITC+ /BMM+ demonstrated the poorest overall (HR = 61.60, 95%CI:17.69–214.52, p = 0.032) and recurrence free survival (HR = 61.60, 95%CI: 17.69–214.5, p = 0.032).ConclusionsThese results indicate that simultaneous and not interdependent presence of very early lymphatic and haematologic tumour spread may be considered as a relevant prognostic risk factor for patients with stage I and II CC, thereby suggesting the possible need to reconsider the common assumptions on tumour spread proposed by the prevalent theory of sequential tumour progression.
Alcohol is not associated with increased mortality in adolescent traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: Lu Zachary N. , Yeates Eric O. , Grigorian Areg , Algeo Russell G. , Kuza Catherine M. , Chin Theresa L. , Donnelly Megan , Kong Allen , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Compared to adults, there is a paucity of data regarding the association of a positive alcohol screen (PAS) and outcomes in adolescent patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesize adolescent TBI patients with a PAS on admission to have increased mortality compared to patients with a negative alcohol screen.

Methods
The 2017 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients aged 13–17 years presenting with a TBI and serum alcohol screen. Patients with missing information regarding midline shift on imaging and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score were excluded. A multivariable logistic regression analysis for mortality was performed.

Results
From 2553 adolescent TBI patients with an alcohol screen, 220 (8.6%) had a PAS. Median injury severity scores and rates of penetrating trauma (all p > 0.05) were similar between alcohol positive and negative patients. Patients with a PAS had a similar mortality rate (13.2% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.64) compared to patients with a negative screen. Multivariate logistic regression controlling for risk factors associated with mortality revealed a PAS to confer a similar risk of mortality compared to alcohol negative patients (p = 0.40).

Conclusion
Adolescent TBI patients with a PAS had similar associated risk of mortality compared to patients with a negative alcohol screen.
Parameterized Complexity of Directed Spanner Problems
Authors: Fomin Fedor V. , Golovach Petr A. , Lochet William , Misra Pranabendu , Saurabh Saket , Sharma Roohani 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe initiate the parameterized complexity study of minimum t-spanner problems on directed graphs. For a positive integer t, a multiplicative t-spanner of a (directed) graph G is a spanning subgraph H such that the distance between any two vertices in H is at most t times the distance between these vertices in G, that is, H keeps the distances in G up to the distortion (or stretch) factor t. An additive t-spanner is defined as a spanning subgraph that keeps the distances up to the additive distortion parameter t, that is, the distances in H and G differ by at most t. The task of Directed Multiplicative Spanner is, given a directed graph G with m arcs and positive integers t and k, decide whether G has a multiplicative t-spanner with at most $$m-k$$

m
-
k

arcs. Similarly, Directed Additive Spanner asks whether G has an additive t-spanner with at most $$m-k$$

m
-
k

arcs. We show that (i) Directed Multiplicative Spanner admits a polynomial kernel of size $$\mathcal {O}(k^4t^5)$$

O
(

k
4

t
5

)

and can be solved in randomized $$(4t)^k\cdot n^{\mathcal {O}(1)}$$

(
4
t
)

k

·

n

O
(
1
)

time, (ii) the weighted variant of Directed Multiplicative Spanner can be solved in $$k^{2k}\cdot n^{\mathcal {O}(1)}$$

k

2
k

·

n

O
(
1
)

time on directed acyclic graphs, (iii) Directed Additive Spanner is $${{\,\mathrm{\mathsf{W}}\,}}[1]$$

W

[
1
]

-hard when parameterized by k for every fixed $$t\ge 1$$

t
≥
1

even when the input graphs are restricted to be directed acyclic graphs. The latter claim contrasts with the recent result of Kobayashi from STACS 2020 that the problem for undirected graphs is $${{\,\mathrm{\mathsf{FPT}}\,}}$$

FPT

when parameterized by t and k.
Optimized convolutional neural network architectures for efficient on-device vision-based object detection
Authors: Rodriguez-Conde Ivan , Campos Celso , Fdez-Riverola Florentino 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConvolutional neural networks have pushed forward image analysis research and computer vision over the last decade, constituting a state-of-the-art approach in object detection today. The design of increasingly deeper and wider architectures has made it possible to achieve unprecedented levels of detection accuracy, albeit at the cost of both a dramatic computational burden and a large memory footprint. In such a context, cloud systems have become a mainstream technological solution due to their tremendous scalability, providing researchers and practitioners with virtually unlimited resources. However, these resources are typically made available as remote services, requiring communication over the network to be accessed, thus compromising the speed of response, availability, and security of the implemented solution. In view of these limitations, the on-device paradigm has emerged as a recent yet widely explored alternative, pursuing more compact and efficient networks to ultimately enable the execution of the derived models directly on resource-constrained client devices. This study provides an up-to-date review of the more relevant scientific research carried out in this vein, circumscribed to the object detection problem. In particular, the paper contributes to the field with a comprehensive architectural overview of both the existing lightweight object detection frameworks targeted to mobile and embedded devices, and the underlying convolutional neural networks that make up their internal structure. More specifically, it addresses the main structural-level strategies used for conceiving the various components of a detection pipeline (i.e., backbone, neck, and head), as well as the most salient techniques proposed for adapting such structures and the resulting architectures to more austere deployment environments. Finally, the study concludes with a discussion of the specific challenges and next steps to be taken to move toward a more convenient accuracy–speed trade-off.