bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LRS Bianchi-I Universe Model with Domain Wall in f(R,T) Gravity
Authors: Çağlar Halife 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, strange quark matter (SQM) and normal matter (NM) attached to domain wall (DW) matter distributions have been examined for locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi-I space-time has been investigated. The model has been constructed in the framework of f(R,T) theory for f(R,T) = R + 2μT which is suggested as an alternative gravitation theory instead of Einstein’s General Relativity Theory. Obtained modified field equations have been solved by using scale factors equation A = Bm come from the proportion of expansion scalar θ to shear scalar ϖ2. SQM and NM are added to DW with the help of equations of state (EoS) pm = 1/3 (ρm − 4Bc) and pm = (γ − 1)ρm. Pressure and energy densities of all matter distributions have been obtained depending oncosmic time t and their effects decrease by the time. It is found that DW matter behaves like stiff matter due to attaining DW pressure equal to DW energy density pDW = ρDW. Also obtained values of scale factors and some kinematic quantities give an expanding universe for the model. Energy conditions and kinematic quantities of the model have been examined in the last section. In addition, General Relativity solutions of the model have been attained by assuming μ=0 in f(R,T) = R + 2μT. All solutions have been concluded in detail.
On the evolution of ion cyclotron waves in magnetized pair ion-electron plasmas
Authors: PRAMANIK SOURAV 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The evolution of low frequency, electrostatic ion cyclotron waves (ICWs) in response to weak perturbation is analytically studied in a magnetized pair ion plasma with isothermal electrons distributed according to the Maxwell-Boltzmann law. Excited ICWs travel perpendicular (nearly) to the direction of the applied magnetic field. To deal with the intrinsic nonlinearity and pair-ion dynamics, a simple perturbation technique is used to solve the governing fluid and Maxwell's equations. The stationary wave solutions show that excited ICWs slowly lose coherence nature due to the mixing of phases of adjacent particles. Wave frequency becomes space-dependent under the influence of nonlinear ponderomotive force which is self-consistently generated as the mode evolves in time. Relevant mode breaks in due course failing to maintain coherency. An approximate time is obtained when the mixing of the phases starts. The effects of the concerned parameters are discussed. Phase-mixing also mediates irreversible wave-particle energy transfer causing collisionless damping of ICWs. Obtained results can be useful in understanding the behavior of nonlinear ICWs in laboratory produced pair plasmas.
Different post-heat treatment responses on microstructure and mechanical characteristics of maraging steel 1.2709 samples produced by LPBF
Authors: V Raghuraman , Kumar T Sampath 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The study focuses on the enhancement of microstructural and microhardness characteristics of Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) maraging steel 1.2709 with the effect of different heat treatment (HT) conditions including aging (AT), double aging (DAT), and solutioning (ST) and compared with the as-built (AB) condition. The samples were fabricated with the LPBF process parameters, utilizing 120 W of laser power, 500 mm s−1 of scanning speed, maintaining 20 μm layer thicknesses, with the laser spot width and hatch spacing of 0.0550 mm and 100 μm respectively in the argon environment with the 45° rotating raster scanning pattern. Further the as-built and heat treated samples were evaluated utilizing electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), microhardness, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and relative density. The FESEM analysis indicated that the DAT samples exhibit a more refined and uniform interdendritic grain growth of precipitates Ni3 (Al, Ti) compared to the as-built sample, which exhibited porosity and lack of fusion. Aging reduces the presence of interlayer defects, while the solution-heat-treated sample reveals the formation of lath martensite. The microhardness exhibited an increase following three distinct heat treatment conditions: AB, AT, DAT, and ST, measuring 450 HV, 650 HV, 760 HV, and 520 HV, respectively. The ferrite content was recorded at 99.6%, 87.4%, 99%, and 99.4%, while the austenite content was 0.4%, 12.6%, 1%, and 0.6%. The grain size in the ferrite phase was 8.72 μm, 6.087 μm, 6.86 μm, and 0.32 μm, and in the austenite phase the grain size was 0.26 μm, 0.86 μm, 2.51 μm, and 6.89 μm.
The magneto-electronic, structural, thermodynamic, mechanical and optoelectronic attributes of lead-free A2LiMoCl6 (A=Na, K) double perovskites: A spin-polarized DFT study
Authors: Mursaleen Inamul , Munir Junaid , Ain Quratul , Aldwayyan Abdullah S , Ghaithan Hamid , Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed Ali , Qaid Saif M H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Double perovskite halides are considered a developing class of materials in comparison to perovskite materials as they offers higher stability, tunable bandgaps and are considered great substitute for lead based perovskite materials. Magnetic double perovskites are gaining significant attention due to the creation of efficient spintronic devices. This manuscript reports the first principles analysis on lead free A2LiMoCl6 (A=Na, K) by using the FP-LAPW approach which is incorporated in the Wien2K code. For the treatment of the exchange correlation effects the mBJ approximation is employed. Structural composition and stability of A2LiMoCl6 (A=Na, K) is assessed via VESTA software and the volume optimization curves. The formation energy is computed to assess material’s thermodynamically formation. The mechanical stability of both halide based materials is evaluated through the Born’s stability. The total magnetic moment for A2LiMoCl6 (A=Na, K) is computed as 3μB. The electronic properties for both halides reveal direct bandgaps in both spin channels. Strong absorption of the UV radiations is revealed through the optical properties of A2LiMoCl6 (A=Na, K).&#xD;
Tribological behaviour of injection moulded composite fabricated using bio-fiber (flax fiber), bio-filler (halloysite nanotube), and biopolymer (polylactic acid)
Authors: Debnath Mitali , Chakraborti Prasun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the wear and frictional behavior of the flax fiber (FF)/polylactic acid (PLA)-based green composite filled with bio-filler, namely, the halloysite nanotube (HNT). The HNT/FF-PLA composite was fabricated using injection molding, considering the fixed injection pressure (90 bars), speed (60 mm sec−1), and temperature (165 °C). The HNT/FF-PLA composite was engineered with an FF length of 5 mm and 20% fiber loading. This study examined the wear and frictional behavior of engineered HNT/FF-PLA composite by exploring the intrinsic influences of tribo parameters such as the sliding speed (1 to 3 m s−1) and the applied load (10 to 30 N). The HNT/FF-PLA composite was developed by varying the HNT filler as 1, 1.5, and 3 wt%. The wear responses, such as the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (SWR) were considered as the performance parameters to be optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). The morphology of the HNT/FF-PLA composite worn test specimens was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The primary purpose of this study is to optimize the wear and frictional behavior of the engineered HNT/FF-PLA composite, advancing its application as a sustainable material with superior tribological performance. The results highlight the influence of HNT filler, sliding speed, and load on the COF and SWR, where optimal parameters were identified using the RSM. All the process parameters were found to be significant for both COF and SWR. The minimum COF was found at a sliding speed of 1.007 mm s−1., load of 25.32 N, and filler wt% of 1.007. For SWR, the optimal parametric combination is 2.986 m s−1., 29.45 N, and 1.66 wt%.
Quantifying the effects of generalized (r,q) distribution function on modulational instability and rogue wave of electron acoustic solitons
Authors: Khan Abdullah , Abid Abid Ali , Khan Majid , Kengne Emmanuel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of modulational instability and super freak waves in an unmagnetized collisionless plasma consisting of hot and cold electron populations as described by a generalized distribution function. We employ the reductive perturbation method together with multiple-scale perturbations to derive the nonlinear Schr{"o}dinger equation governing the evolution of electron acoustic waves. This framework facilitates an inclusive investigation of the modulational instability of the electron acoustic waves, characterized by the dispersion and nonlinear coefficients of the derived equation. Our findings reveal the existence of electron acoustic envelope solitons, facilitating a clear distinction between stable and unstable regions based on established modulational instability criteria. Notably, the analytically evaluated growth rate of modulational instability demonstrates a strong dependence on the spectral indices of the generalized distribution function and the physical parameters of the plasma system. In this regard, we employ an accurate Darboux transformation scheme to derive the first- and higher-order rational solutions positioned on a nonzero background in the modulationally unstable region. This investigation further delves the features of super freak waves with extreme amplitude excitation and examine their dependences on the spectral indices, carrier wavenumber, hot-to-cold electron densities, and the temporal coordinate of the nonlinear Schr{"o}dinger equation. The study is supposed to enhance our understanding of the properties of electron acoustic solitary waves that may occur in non-Maxwellian space plasmas.
Passive on-chip isolators based on the thin-film lithium niobate platform
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Xia Gongyu , Hong Qilin , Zhu Pingyu , Zhang KaiKai , Xia Keyu , Xu Ping , Qin Shiqiao , Zhu Zhihong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Optical isolators, the photonic analogs of electronic diodes, are essential for ensuring the unidirectional flow of light in optical systems, thereby mitigating the destabilizing effects of back reflections. Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN), hailed as "the silicon of photonics," has emerged as a pivotal material in the realm of chip-scale nonlinear optics, propelling the demand for compact optical isolators. We report a breakthrough in the development of a fully passive, integrated optical isolator on the TFLN platform, leveraging the Kerr effect to achieve an impressive 10.3 dB of isolation with a minimal insertion loss of 1.87 dB. Further theoretical simulations have demonstrated that our design, when applied to a microring resonator with a Q factor of 5×106, can achieve 20 dB of isolation with an input power of merely 8 mW. This advancement underscores the immense potential of lithium niobate-based Kerr-effect isolators in propelling the integration and application of high-performance on-chip lasers, heralding a new era in integrated photonics.
Symmetry-protected and Brillouin zone folding driven bound states in the continuum in dielectric nanorod arrays for efficient third harmonic generation
Authors: Wang 王 Wen-Jing 文静 , Liang 梁 Shi-Jie 世杰 , Zou 邹 Jia-Qi 家祺 , Huo 霍 Yan-Yan 燕燕 , Ning 宁 Ting-Yin 廷银 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Two types of bound states in continuum (BICs), symmetry-protected and Brillouin zone folding driven, are identified in hollow Si nanorod arrays. By modulating the direction and distance of the air holes from the center of the nanorods, it is possible to achieve either a single quasi-BIC or three quasi-BICs. The transmission spectra exhibit ultra-narrow lines, and the quasi-BICs demonstrate ultra-high Q factors. Additionally, efficient third-harmonic generation occurs at low pump intensities. The results indicate that the proposed nanostructures of two types of BICs with a flexible modulation hold great potential applications for nonlinear photonic devices.
Robust interpolation of EEG/MEG sensor time-series via electromagnetic source imaging
Authors: Cai Chang , Qi Xinbao , Long Yuanshun , Zhang Zheyuan , Yan Jing , Kang Huicong , Wu Wei , Nagarajan Srikantan S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are widely used non-invasive techniques in clinical and cognitive neuroscience. However, low spatial resolution measurements, partial brain coverage by some sensor arrays, as well as noisy sensors could result in distorted sensor topographies resulting in inaccurate reconstructions of underlying brain dynamics. Solving these problems has been a challenging task. This paper proposes a robust framework based on electromagnetic source imaging for interpolation of unknown or poor quality EEG/MEG measurements. Approach. This framework consists of two steps: (1) estimating brain source activity using a robust inverse algorithm along with the leadfield matrix of available good sensors, and (2) interpolating unknown or poor quality EEG/MEG measurements using the reconstructed brain sources using the leadfield matrices of unknown or poor quality sensors. We evaluate the proposed framework through simulations and several real datasets, comparing its performance to two popular benchmarks—neighborhood interpolation and spherical spline interpolation algorithms. Results. In both simulations and real EEG/MEG measurements, we demonstrate several advantages compared to benchmarks, which are robust to highly correlated brain activity, low signal-to-noise ratio data and accurately estimates cortical dynamics. Significance. These results demonstrate a rigorous platform to enhance the spatial resolution of EEG and MEG, to overcome limitations of partial coverage of EEG/MEG sensor arrays that is particularly relevant to low-channel count optically pumped magnetometer arrays, and to estimate activity in poor/noisy sensors to a certain extent based on the available measurements from other good sensors. Implementation of this framework will enhance the quality of EEG and MEG, thereby expanding the potential applications of these modalities.
Low high-temperature hardness: a drawback of current ODS copper alloy Cu-Al2O3 applied in monoblock-type components fabricated by HIP
Authors: Peng Wu-Qingliang , Xu Yu-Ping , Du Fang-Yong , Tian Yu , Chen Zhen , Li Qiang , Luo Guang-Nan , Zhou Hai-Shan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Copper-based alloys, including precipitation hardened copper alloys and oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) copper alloys, are considered highly promising heat sink materials for fusion divertor due to their excellent thermal conductivity and high strength. In this work, components consisting of five tungsten monoblocks and utilizing ODS copper alloy Cu-Al2O3 (GlidCop Al-15) were successfully manufactured via the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technique. Plastic deformation with an average twisting degree of 22° and circular indentations with an average depth of 88.33 μm were observed at the toroidal gap of the W/Cu/GlidCop Al-15 mock-up, compared to a twisting degree of 0° and a depth of 35.55 μm in a similarly manufactured W/Cu/CuCrZr mock-up. High heat flux (HHF) thermal fatigue tests at 15 MW m−2 were conducted to evaluate the durability of the components. Unexpectedly, premature leakage failure occurs at the same toroidal gap. The relatively lower hardness of GlidCop Al-15 (14.90 ± 1.76 HV at 680 °C) at high temperatures compared with CuCrZr (45.34 ± 1.77 HV at 680 °C) has been identified as the primary factor leading to easy circular indentation at the toroidal gap during the HIP fabrication process, thereby increasing the likelihood of crack initiation under cyclic HHF loading conditions. This paper presents a new perspective on the application and performance enhancement of ODS copper alloy Cu-Al2O3 in the manufacturing of divertor components.
First Principle Investigations of K doped CuInSe2 for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Sharma S , Soni A , Sahariya J , Rangar K , Rawat K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
CuInSe2 is a ternary compound and a fine viable substitute of polycrystalline silicon for photovoltaic applications. In this work we computationally investigated the consequence of K atom doping in CuInSe2. The structural, electronic, and optical features of the K doped CuInSe2 compound was calculated using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave approach (FP-LAPW). Furthermore, the Wien2k algorithm performs the most accurate Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) exchange approximation. To ascertain the adaptability of compound under study, optical parameters including the real and imaginary dielectric tensor, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, and refractivity are computed. For Cu0.8125K0.1875InSe2, the energy band gap value revealed via TB-mBJ is 1.07eV. According to states adding K doping to the Cu site in CuInSe2 improves the band gap value, indicating its potential use in solar devices. The compound acquired optical and electronic properties significantly implied that it would be useful in optoelectronic applications.
Textile patch antenna using fleece and felt substrates
Authors: Azahari BA , Kamardin K , Yamada Y , Fitri S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The application of textile patch antennas can be realized by integrating high-gain antennas into clothing, offering innovative solutions for wearable technology. For example, patients clothing where it can transmit the data from the heart monitoring wirelessly. This study explores the main aspects of the textile patch antenna using fleece and felt substrates. The electromagnetic simulation of the calculated parameters for the patch antenna, the fabrication method for fleece and felt substrates using conductive copper paint for both the patch and the ground plane or conductive material part, and the measurement process for the fabricated antennas. Measurements were carried out using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) for input impedance and an anechoic chamber for assessing radiation patterns and gain. The results from the electromagnetic simulations and measurements showed good agreement, except for the gain of the felt antenna, which may be attributed to either a faulty felt antenna or measurement error.
A xenogenic-free culture medium for cell micro-patterning systems as cell-instructive biomaterials for potential clinical applications
Authors: Che Hui , Hart Melanie L , Lauer Jasmin C , Selig Mischa , Voelker Marita , Kurz Bodo , Rolauffs Bernd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cell micro-patterning controls cell fate and function and has potential for generating therapeutically usable mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) populations with precise functions. However, to date, the micro-patterning of human cells in a translational context has been impossible because only ruminant media supplements, e.g. fetal bovine serum (FBS), are established for use with micro-patterns (MPs). Thus, there are currently no good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant media available for MPs. This study tested a xenogenic-free human plasma and platelet lysate (hP + PL) medium supplement to determine its compatibility with MPs. Unfiltered hP + PL medium resulted in significant protein deposition, creating a ‘carpet-like’ layer that rendered MPs ineffective. Filtration (3×/5×) eliminated this effect. Importantly, quantitative comparison using droplet digital PCR revealed that human MSCs in all media types exhibited similar profiles with strong myogenic Calponin 1/Transgelin 2 (TAGLN2) and weaker osteogenic alkaline phosphatase/Runt-related transcription factor 2 marker expression, and much weaker adipogenic (lipoprotein lipase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and chondrogenic (collagen type II/aggrecan) expression, with profiles being dominated by myogenic markers. Within these similar profiles, an even stronger induction of the myogenic marker TAGLN2 by all hP + PL- compared to FBS-containing media. Overall, this suggested that FBS can be replaced with hP + PL without altering differentiation profiles. However, assessing individual MSC responses to various MP types with defined categories revealed that unfiltered hP + PL medium was unusable. Importantly, FBS- and 3× filtered hP + PL media were comparable in each differentiation category. Summarized, this study recommends 3× filtered hP + PL as a xenogenic-free and potentially GMP-compliant alternative to FBS as a culture medium supplement for micro-patterning cell populations in both basic and translational research that will ensure consistent and reliable MSC micro-patterning for therapeutic use.
Thawing permafrost is subsiding in the Northern Hemisphere—review and perspectives
Authors: Streletskiy Dmitry A , Maslakov Alexey , Grosse Guido , Shiklomanov Nikolay I , Farquharson Louise , Zwieback Simon , Iwahana Go , Bartsch Annett , Liu Lin , Strozzi Tazio , Lee Hanna , Debolskiy Matvey V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High-latitude and altitude cold regions are affected by climate warming and permafrost degradation. One of the major concerns associated with degrading permafrost is thaw subsidence (TS) due to melting of excess ground ice and associated thaw consolidation. Field observations, remote sensing, and numerical modeling are used to measure and estimate the extent and rates of TS across broad spatial and temporal scales. Our new data synthesis effort from diverse permafrost regions of North America and Eurasia, confirms widespread TS across the panarctic permafrost domain with rates of up to 2 cm yr−1 in the areas with low ice content and more than 3 cm yr−1 in regions with ice-rich permafrost. Areas with human activities or areas affected by wildfires exhibited higher subsidence rates. Our findings suggest that permafrost landscapes are undergoing geomorphic change that is impacting hydrology, ecosystems, and human infrastructure. The development of a systematic TS monitoring is urgently needed to deliver consistent and continuous exchange of data across different permafrost regions. Integration of coordinated field observations, remote sensing, and modeling of TS across a range of scales would contribute to better understanding of rapidly changing permafrost environments and resulting climate feedbacks.
The impact of the AMO on wintertime surface wind speed reversal in Northeast Asia
Authors: Luo Neng , Ding Ruiqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Decadal variations in seasonal mean surface wind speed (SWS) and their underlying causes remain elusive. Here, we utilize wind data from in situ stations to demonstrate that the stilling reversed around 2002 and that wintertime wind speed in Northeast Asia has rebounded. We illustrate that decadal-scale variations of SWS are closely linked to the phase shift of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Specifically, an AMO positive phase generates a wave train characterized by a cyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia, which leads to the strengthened westerly wind, enhanced meridional temperature gradient, and increased transient eddy activities in Northeast Asia. These findings hold vital implications for considering changes in the AMO to gain a comprehensive understanding of SWS variations at the regional scale.