bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OED and EDD: comparison of the printed and online versions
Authors: Markus Manfred 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper revisits the issue of the opaque interrelationship between the English Dialect Dictionary (EDD) and the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). While work on OED3, the online version, has been in progress since 2000, the EDD was digitised in three phases between 2006 and 2019. EDD 3.0, with its sophisticated interface, was launched in April 2019. This paper ventures to question the OED’s policy of providing or omitting source evidence for some of its data. After a survey of the unequal aims and structures of the two dictionaries from their beginnings down to the end of OED2 (1989), the focus of the paper is on their relationship with regard to the two online versions, first as described by recent OED editors, and then by examining the interfaces. A quantitative analysis of the lexical variants attributed to Worcestershire in the two dictionaries is used as a test case to show that OED3 has borrowed more data from EDD (Online) than the OED entries attest and the ranking-list of sources misleadingly suggests. The paper critically analyses the OED’s practice of providing source evidence only for quotations, but generally not for (dialectal) variants.
Crystal structure of tetrabutylammonium sulfanilate – 1-(diaminomethylene)thiourea (1/2)
Authors: Xu Duanjie , Wang Baiyan , Zhu Xin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
C26H54N10O3S3, monoclinic, Pc (no. 7), a = 8.5247(5) Å, b = 10.6658(5) Å, c = 21.2970(10) Å, β = 109.472(2)°, V = 1825.63(16) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0366, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0866, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(methane-1,1-diyl)bis(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(hexafluoridophosphate), C9H14F12N4P2
Authors: Huang-Xian Zhang , Kun Yuan , Qi-Long Du , Xu-Liang Nie , Wan-Ming Xiong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
C9H14F12N4P2, monoclinic, P21/m (no. 11), a = 5.8968(9) Å, b = 11.5554(18) Å, c = 12.994(2) Å, β = 94.577(2)°, V = 882.6(2) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0676, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.2020, T = 296(2) K.
Comparison of total nutrient recovery in aquaponics and conventional aquaculture systems
Authors: Amin Muhamad , Agustono Agustono , Prayugo Prayugo , Ali Muhamad , Hum Nurul N. Mohd Firdaus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
More eco-friendly aquaculture technology is required to reduce environmental pollution which has become a major issue in aquaculture industries in the last few decades. Aquaponics system is a culture technology to solve this waste issue. Thus, this study aimed at comparing growth performances, feed utilization efficiency, and nutrient recovery in aquaponics and conventional aquaculture system.

Materials and methods
Twenty-four juveniles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) weighing 1.12 ± 0.1 g were cultured in either aquaponics systems or conventional aquaculture systems for 30 days. Each system had three culture systems as replicates. The fish were fed the same amount with a commercial pellet three times a day.

Results
The result showed that the Nile tilapia reared in the aquaponics system had a significantly higher specific growth rate than that of fish reared in the conventional system, 7.5 and 6.3% BW/day, respectively. Similarly, the feed utilization efficiency of fish reared in the aquaponics was also significantly better than that of fish in the conventional system. Furthermore, the total biomass harvested from the aquaponics system was nearly eight times higher than the total biomass harvested from the conventional system.

Conclusion
Growth, feed utilization efficiency, and total nutrient recovery in terms of biomass were higher in the aquaponics system. These results suggest that aquaponics is not only an eco-friendly aquaculture system, but also could produce more biomass than a conventional aquaculture system, and therefore, could be scaled up in a commercial scale.
Spanisch in Afrika/Afrika in Spanien. Sprachliche Charakteristika von Spanischsprecherinnen und Spanischsprechern aus Äquatorialguinea in Madrid
Authors: Schlumpf Sandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, from the perspective of the migration context in Madrid, we look at the only officially Hispanophone country in Africa: Equatorial Guinea. After a detailed introduction to Equatorial Guinea’s history and languages, we offer an overview of the Equatoguinean migration to Spain and its current situation. In the main part of the article, we discuss three linguistic characteristics of Spanish spoken by people of Equatoguinean origin. In order to do so, we use a corpus of 24 sociolinguistic life-story interviews, conducted in Madrid in 2017 and 2018. The selected features represent different linguistic levels: syntax (variable use of prepositions in the constructionir‘to go’ + prepositionaoren+ destination), semantics (use of the verbsoír‘to hear’ andescuchar‘to listen’), and pragmatics (discursive use oftío/tía‘[literally:] uncle/aunt’). To gain a better understanding, we consider the sociolinguistic context of Equatorial Guinea and compare our results with other contact varieties of Spanish. Altogether, this study offers an insight into the Equatoguinean diaspora in Madrid and at the same time makes a contribution to the modern description of Equatoguinean Spanish.
“Kosovo, My Land”? Slovenians, Albanians, and the Limits of Yugoslav Social Cohesion
Authors: Ramšak Jure 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The author examines the Kosovo crisis in the context of the pluralisation and democratisation of Slovenian society in the 1980s and early 1990s. This issue became a catalyst not only for the repositioning of structures of party leadership in relation to Belgrade, but also with respect to general public debates. By charting individual stages of the critical decade of 1981–1991, the author presents Slovenian perceptions of Kosovo’s political, economic, and social issues, first through the works of neo-Marxist critics and later through the activism of a group of left-liberal intellectuals, which included the provision of legal support and a high-profile social action related to the violations of Kosovar Albanian human rights. The author discusses the constraints encountered by this brief attempt to establish a pan-Yugoslav civil society initiative. At the same time, he shows how the complexities of the Kosovo crisis were used to coalesce the Slovenian nation into flight from Yugoslavia.
Kosovo 1989: The (Ab)use of the Kosovo Myth in Media and Popular Culture
Authors: Vučetić Radina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The author explores the creation of public opinion in Serbia in the late 1980s and the (ab)use of the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo on 28 June 1989. As a result of Serbian president Slobodan Milošević’s carefully planned propaganda, a negative image of Albanians as well as a positive perception of Serbian nationalism were enforced. The media and popular culture played a particularly important role in reviving the Kosovo Myth, together with the leading Serbian (academic) institutions and influential intellectuals. Thirty-some years after 1989, the Kosovo Myth is presented in the media in a largely unchanged manner, while for Serbia the Kosovo problem remains unsolved.
Vortices in a strongly coupled collisional quantum plasma embedded in an external magnetic field
Authors: Dasgupta Chitrita , Maitra Sarit 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Vortex motion of a cylindrical quantum plasma containing degenerate inertialess electrons and strongly correlated, non-degenerate inertial ions is studied. The electron exchange–correlation and ion–neutral collisional effects are taken into consideration, along with vertical external magnetic field and radial electric field. Considering generalized viscoelastic momentum equation for strongly coupled ions in quasi-crystalline state, variation of different rotational characteristics along radial distance are discussed numerically. Existence of shear rotation is observed near both the core and the periphery of the vortex, which is found to be modified by ion–ion correlation, quantum effects of the degenerate electrons, the ion–neutral collision, as well as by the magnetic field. It is noticed that electron exchange–correlation potential and quantum diffraction play major roles in modifying the rotational characteristics. Vorticity and the rate of increment of enstrophy with respect to radial distance, diminish to zero towards the periphery of the vortex. Also, it is noted that the ion–neutral collision may be responsible for reducing the increment of enstrophy.
A new diphenylheptanoid from the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria
Authors: Van Do Truong Nhat , Nguyen Hai Xuan , Le Tho Huu , Dang Phu Hoang , Nguyen Mai Thanh , Thi Nguyen Mai Thanh , Nguyen Nhan Trung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria was carried out, leading to the isolation of a new diphenylheptanoid, zedoaroxane A (1), together with four known compounds (2–5). Their structures were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic data. All isolated compounds possessed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with the IC50 values ranging from 35.2 to 89.0 µM, more potent than that of the positive control acarbose (IC50, 214.5 µM).
Spend Less, Get More? Explaining Health Spending and Outcome Differences Between Canada and Italy
Authors: Di Matteo Livio , Barbiero Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Canada spends more than Italy on health per capita and as a share of GDP and has a higher per capita GDP. Yet, life expectancy and infant mortality in Italy are better and have improved more over time. The implication is that the Italian health care system provides better value for money. We examine whether Italy does get better health outcomes at lower costs. Using regression analysis, we find that health spending is determined by similar drivers in both Canada and Italy. We also find that more social spending and health spending in either country do not satisfactorily explain the differences in health outcomes, suggesting the importance of broader socio-economic determinants like income and life-style choices. We conclude that while the levels of per capita health spending in Canada are higher than Italy, this partly reflects historical inertia in Canadian health spending partially attributable to the higher costs of health professionals relative to Italy.
How do income inequality and fiscal consolidation impact on banking crises? A post-Keynesian view
Authors: Peña Guillermo 
Published: November 2021

This is the first paper in estimating a population-averaged panel logit probability model to test the importance of the interaction between deficit in the public budgeting and income inequality in banking crises, for 36 developed countries from 1961-2011. New empirical evidence is shown on whether rising inequality is linked with financial crises, corroborating theoretical expectations of post-Keynesian authors. Policy measures are provided and tested empirically: whilst in general terms higher levels of income inequality could be associated with financial crises; countries with high levels of income inequality could reduce the likelihood of a crisis better in a context of fiscal consolidation. One reason could be that governments could use this public surplus for reducing income inequality, which helps to reduce defaults and banking crises. These results could be useful for academics, and policy-makers.
Weak* Axiom of Independence and the Non-Expected Utility Theory
Authors: Biswas Tapan 
Published: November 2021

The axiomatic foundation of the expected utility theory (which states that given a set of uncertain prospects individuals pick up the prospect which yields the highest expected utility) was first laid down by Von Neumann and Morgenstern (1947). This axiom has come under severe criticisms in recent years. A large number of experiments have shown that in making decisions involving uncertain prospects people frequently violate the independence axiom. In this paper we shall consider the problem of choice under uncertainty from a wider point of view and we shall examine the nature of the restriction imposed by the axiom of independence. We shall use the mean-variance utility function to prove our point. Then we shall consider a weak version of the independence axiom namely the weak* axiom of independence. This is the point of departure from the expected utility theory to the realm of the non-expected utility theory. The weak* axiom allows aversion to pure uncertainty and, in the context of the mean-variance utility theory, it is compatible with utility being an increasing function of expected returns at all levels.
Tensões, disputas e conflitos étnicos no Norte do Brasil
Authors: Pinheiro Luis Balkar Sá Peixoto 
Published: November 2021

A chegada de um número significativos de imigrantes portugueses à capital amazonense e sua atuação no período compreendido pela expansão e decadência da economia de exportação da borracha é tomada como mote para a compreensão das disputas e dos conflitos étnicos que se materializaram na formação do proletariado amazonense entre os anos de 1890 e 1930. Em que pese a insistência de lideranças operárias no sentido da reafirmação do internacionalismo da classe operária, as relações entre trabalhadores portugueses e brasileiros em Manaus foi tensa durante todo o período e muitas vezes assumiu preocupante radicalidade, lembrando, inclusive, os movimentos “fora galegos”, que ocorreram em diversas regiões do Brasil na segunda metade do século XIX. Não sem razão o uso de expressões e adjetivos depreciativos lançados aos portugueses – “galegos”, “pés de chumbo”, etc. – se manteve como prática comum na cidade, e se mostrou bastante amplificado entre os trabalhadores, principalmente no momento de derrocada econômica, transformando as tensões étnicas numa das mais sensíveis questões a dificultar a formação de uma classe operária consciente de seus papel e coesa em suas dimensões de organização, mobilização e luta.
Earthquakes Induced by Wastewater Disposal near Musreau Lake, Alberta, 2018–2020
Authors: Li Tianyang , Gu Yu Jeffrey , Wang Jingchuan , Wang Ruijia , Yusifbayov Javad , Canales Mauricio Reyes , Shipman Todd 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquakes have been widely reported in Alberta, Canada, only one seismic cluster (the Cordel Field) has thus far been linked to wastewater disposal (WD). In this study, we report a statistically significant spatiotemporal correlation between recent earthquakes and nearby WD wells near Musreau Lake—the second disposal-induced earthquake swarm in Alberta. This newly occurred swarm contains five events with local magnitudes ML&gt;3 from January 2018 to March 2020, forming into three tightly spaced clusters. The refined locations and focal mechanisms suggest a ∼10 km long northwest–southeast-trending rupture along the northern Rocky Mountains that developed over time, during which both poroelastic effects and static stress transfer played key roles. Through a statistical analysis of all reported induced earthquake clusters in the western Canada sedimentary basin (WCSB), we propose a linear predictive relationship (i.e., the “Interpolated Strike Orientation” model) between fault rupture direction and fault distance to the Rocky Mountains. This observation-based model, which is supported by both the focal mechanisms of the natural earthquakes and the nearby northwest-striking geological faults, is a new and useful reference for future assessments of seismic hazard in the WCSB.
Financial Management Practices on Financial Performance at Selected Private Insurance Companies, Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Edouard SEMUCYO 
Published: November 2021

The general objective of this dissertation was to assess the relationship between financial management practices and the financial performance of private insurance companies in Rwanda. It was guided by the following specific objectives which are to assess the impact of financial management practices on return on investment (ROI) of insurance companies in Rwanda; to examine the impact of financial management practices on return on assets (ROA) of insurance companies in Rwanda and to find out the impact of financial management practices on return on equity (ROE) of insurance companies in Rwanda. The research design used a descriptive causal approach to research that takes cross-sectional data into account and helped the researcher to use the questionnaire and documentary review the primary data collection tool and the secondary data collection analysis, respectively. For the first objective, the study shows that an adjusted R square of 44.8% of ROI of private insurance companies in Rwanda is attributed to a combination of the four factors independent factors (fixed assets management, accounting information system, financial reporting analysis, and capital structure management) used by private insurance companies in Rwanda. For the second objective, the findings revealed that an adjusted R square of 80.9% of return on assets of private insurance companies in Rwanda is attributed to a combination of the four factors independent factors (fixed assets management, accounting information system, financial reporting analysis, and capital structure management) used by private insurance companies in Rwanda .For the third objective, the findings revealed that an adjusted R square of 36.8% of return on equity (ROE) of private insurance companies in Rwanda is attributed to a combination of the four factors independent factors (fixed assets management, accounting information system, financial reporting analysis, and capital structure management) used by private insurance companies in Rwanda. The study concluded that working capital management, capital structure management, financial reporting analysis and accounting information system, play significant positive effect on financial performance of private insurance companies in Rwanda while fixed asset management have negative effect on the financial performance of private insurance companies in Rwanda. The study is recommending insurance companies’ management to implement recommended steps considered as possible ways to ensure improvement of their financial management practices for better financial performance.

Key words: Financial management practices, financial performance, insurance companies, Rwanda
HUBUNGAN KEGIATAN LITERASI SEKOLAH DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MELALUI MEDIASI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA PENDIDIKAN DASAR
Authors: Binasdevi Misbah 
Published: November 2021

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kegiatan literasi sekolah dan motivasi belajar melalui mediasi kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan prestasi belajar siswa di MI Darul Ulum dan SD Islamic Global School. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasioal dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik kuesioner atau angket, tes, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Populasi berjumlah 114 orang, sampel 105 responden yang terdiri 39 siswa kelas V MI Darul Ulum dan 66 siswa kelas V SD Islamic Global School. Teknik analisis data meliputi Outer Model dan Inner Model serta Bootstrapping. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat hubungan positif tidak signifikan kegiatan literasi sekolah dengan prestasi belajar matematika nilai p-value 0,302 > 0,05. (2) Terdapat hubungan positif signifikan motivasi belajar dengan prestasi belajar matematika nilai p-value 0,026 < 0,05. (3) Terdapat hubungan yang positif signifikan kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan prestasi belajar nilai p-value 0,000 < 0,05. (4) Terdapat hubungan positif signifikan kegiatan literasi sekolah dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis nilai p-value 0,013 < 0,05. (5) Terdapat hubungan positif signifikan motivasi belajar dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan nilai p-value 0,000 < 0,05.
Kata Kunci: Kegiatan Literasi Sekolah, Motivasi Belajar, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Prestasi Belajar Matematika
Improving the Algorithm for the Management of Patients with Viral Hepatitis Using Contrast-Free Hepatic Arterial Spin Labelling Magnetic Resonance Perfusion
Authors: Simakina E. N. , Morozova T. G. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: improving the algorithm for the management of patients with viral hepatitis using contrast-free arterial spin labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion.Material and methods. A total of 116 patients with viral hepatitis (VH) B, C and B + C were examined on the basis of Clinical hospital No. 1 (Smolensk): 75 (64.7%) men and 41 (35.3%) women, mean age 49.7 ± 2.3 years. The patients underwent instrumental diagnostic methods: ultrasound, clinical elastography, contrast-free hepatic ASL MR perfusion. Liver biopsy (n = 57) was used as the reference method.Results. The results of ASL MR perfusion had a high correlation with the data of clinical elastography in the diagnosis of fibrotic process; the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ASL liver perfusion in the diagnosis of fibrotic process was: AUROC 0.943 (95% CI, 0.884–0.953). There was a high correlation between ASL MR perfusion with Doppler ultrasound of hepatic blood vessels in the diagnosis of arterial blood flow disorders, but in VH В + C and cirrhosis – diagnostic and prognostic significance of the method: AUROC 0.951 (95% CI 0.932–0.972).Conclusion. ASL MR perfusion in VH patients allows to predict fibrotic changes in the hepatic parenchyma (AUROC 0.934 (95% CI 0.845–0.957)), provides information about changes in blood flow in the parenchymal structure (p < 0.005). The algorithm for the examination of VH patients should include contrast-free ASL MR perfusion at admission (AUROC 0.865 (95% CI 0.843–0.928)) and in dynamic follow-up (AUROC 0.915 (95% CI 0.881–0.946)).
Swim Bladder of Farmed Totoaba macdonaldi: A Source of Value-Added Collagen
Authors: Cruz-López Honorio , Rodríguez-Morales Sergio , Enríquez Luis M , Villarreal-Gómez Luis Jesús , True Conal , Olivera-Castillo Leticia , Silva Tiago Henriques , López Lus M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
PurposeFinding strategies to use swim bladder of farmed totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) is of utmost need to reduce waste. Fish swim bladders are rich in collagen; hence, extracting collagen is a promising alternative with benefits for aquaculture of totoaba and the environment.MethodsThe elemental biochemical composition of totoaba swim bladders, including proximate composition and amino acid composition were determined. Acid-enzyme solubilisation (PSC) was used to extract collagen from swim bladders and its characteristics were analyzed. The alcalase and papain were used for the preparation of collagen hydrolysates.ResultsSwim bladders contained 95% protein, 2.4% fat, and 0.8% ash (dry basis). The essential amino acids content was low, but the functional amino acids content was high. The PSC yield was high, 68% (dry weight). The amino acid composition profile, electrophoretic pattern, and structural integrity analyses of the isolated collagen suggested it is typical type-I collagen with high purity. The denaturalization temperature was 34.5 °C, probably attributable to the imino acid content (205 residues/1000 residues). Papain-hydrolysates (<3 kDa) of this collagen exhibited higher radical scavenging activity than Alcalase-hydrolysates.ConclusionsSwim bladder from farmed totoaba is an ideal raw material for producing high-quality type-I collagen and a viable alternative to conventional collagen sources.Statement of NoveltyTo our knowledge, this paper is the first to examine the composition and characteristics of collagen of swim bladder from Totoaba macdonaldi. Although the processing currently wastes bladders, this study showed that they could be a potential source for producing high-quality type-I collagen.