bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible FeS@Fe2O3/CNT composite films as self-supporting anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Yaling , Chang Shulong , Zhang Ding , Zhang Sen , Han Lei , Ye Li , Pang Rui , Shang Yuanyuan , Cao Anyuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The transition metal sulfides/oxides have been considered as promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacities but have suffered limits from the unsatisfactory electronic conductivity and limited lifespan. Here, FeS micro-flowers are synthesized by hydrothermal treatment and are wared and grafted into layer-by-layer carbon nanotubes (CNT). Subsequently, FeS@Fe2O3/CNT composite films are obtained by annealing, during which the FeS micro-flowers are partially oxidized to core–shell FeS@Fe2O3 micro-flowers. The FeS@Fe2O3/CNT composite electrodes exhibited high reversible capacity of 1722.4 mAh g−1 (at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 after 100 cycles) and excellent cycling stability (545.1 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1 after 600 cycles) as self-supporting anodes. The prominent electrochemical performances are attributed to the unique reciprocal overlap architecture. This structure serves as a cushion to buffer large volume expansion during discharge/charge cycles, and ameliorates electrical conductivity. Due to their good specific capacity and cycle stability, these FeS@Fe2O3/CNT films have high potential application value to be used as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion, lithium sulfur and flexible packaging batteries.
Simulation tool for predicting and optimizing the performance of nanoparticle based strain sensors
Authors: Aslanidis Evangelos , Skotadis Evangelos , Tsoukalas Dimitris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work a Monte-Carlo tool simulating platinum nanoparticle (NP) based strain-sensors, on flexible substrates, is presented. The tool begins by randomly placing the NPs on the simulation area, with the ability to tune the NP surface coverage. After the calculation of the conductive paths that were generated in the previous step, the whole system is represented with an equivalent circuit; the NPs and the NP clusters act as nodes and the inter-particle gaps as resistances. The effective resistance is then calculated with the use of a Laplacian Matrix, which has proven extremely effective in significantly reducing the overall computational time. The simulation results are then benchmarked with experimental measurements from actual strain-sensing devices. The software is capable of predicting the strain-sensitivity for different NP sizes as well as surface coverages, emerging as a powerful computational tool for design-optimization of NP based devices in polymeric substrates, while it could well be extended to other nanocomposite materials used in flexible or stretchable electronic applications.
Self-organization of random copolymers to nanopatterns by localized e-beam dosing
Authors: Pandey Ankur , Maity Surjendu , Murmu Kaniska , Middya Sagnik , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Gooh Pattader Partho Sarathi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Strategic electron beam (e-beam) irradiation on the surface of an ultrathin (<100 nm) film of polystyrene–poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA) random copolymer followed by solvent annealing stimulates a special variety of dewetting, leading to large-area hierarchical nanoscale patterns. For this purpose, initially, a negative (positive) tone of resist PS (PMMA) under weak e-beam exposure is exploited to produce an array of sites composed of cross-linked PS (chain-scissioned PMMA). Subsequently, annealing with the help of a developer solvent engenders dewetted patterns in the exposed zones where PMMA blocks are confined by the blocks of cross-linked PS. The e-beam dosage was systematically varied from 180 μC cm−2 to 10 000 μC cm−2 to explore the tone reversal behavior of PMMA on the dewetted patterns. Remarkably, at relatively higher e-beam dosing, both PMMA and PS blocks act as negative tones in the exposed zone. In contrast, the chain scission of PMMA in the periphery of the exposed regions due to scattered secondary electrons caused confined dewetting upon solvent annealing. Such occurrences eventually lead to pattern miniaturization an order of magnitude greater than with conventional thermal or solvent vapor annealed dewetting. Selective removal of PMMA blocks of RCP using a suitable solvent provided an additional 50% reduction in the size of the dewetted features.
Sparse channel sampling for ultrasound localization microscopy (SPARSE-ULM)
Authors: Hardy Erwan , Porée Jonathan , Belgharbi Hatim , Bourquin Chloé , Lesage Frédéric , Provost Jean 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) has recently enabled the mapping of the cerebral vasculature in vivo with a resolution ten times smaller than the wavelength used, down to ten microns. However, with frame rates up to 20000 frames per second, this method requires large amount of data to be acquired, transmitted, stored, and processed. The transfer rate is, as of today, one of the main limiting factors of this technology. Herein, we introduce a novel reconstruction framework to decrease this quantity of data to be acquired and the complexity of the required hardware by randomly subsampling the channels of a linear probe. Method performance evaluation as well as parameters optimization were conducted in silico using the SIMUS simulation software in an anatomically realistic phantom and then compared to in vivo acquisitions in a rat brain after craniotomy. Results show that reducing the number of active elements deteriorates the signal-to-noise ratio and could lead to false microbubbles detections but has limited effect on localization accuracy. In simulation, the false positive rate on microbubble detection deteriorates from 3.7% for 128 channels in receive and 7 steered angles to 11% for 16 channels and 7 angles. The average localization accuracy ranges from 10.6 μm and 9.93 μm for 16 channels/3 angles and 128 channels/13 angles respectively. These results suggest that a compromise can be found between the number of channels and the quality of the reconstructed vascular network and demonstrate feasibility of performing ULM with a reduced number of channels in receive, paving the way for low-cost devices enabling high-resolution vascular mapping.
A feature invariant generative adversarial network for head and neck MRI/CT image synthesis
Authors: Touati Redha , Le William Trung , Kadoury Samuel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the emergence of online MRI radiotherapy treatments, MR-based workflows have increased in importance in the clinical workflow. However proper dose planning still requires CT images to calculate dose attenuation due to bony structures. In this paper, we present a novel deep image synthesis model that generates in an unsupervised manner CT images from diagnostic MRI for radiotherapy planning. The proposed model based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) consists of learning a new invariant representation to generate synthetic CT (sCT) images based on high frequency and appearance patterns. This new representation encodes each convolutional feature map of the convolutional GAN discriminator, leading the training of the proposed model to be particularly robust in terms of image synthesis quality. Our model includes an analysis of common histogram features in the training process, thus reinforcing the generator such that the output sCT image exhibits a histogram matching that of the ground-truth CT. This CT-matched histogram is embedded then in a multi-resolution framework by assessing the evaluation over all layers of the discriminator network, which then allows the model to robustly classify the output synthetic image. Experiments were conducted on head and neck images of 56 cancer patients with a wide range of shape sizes and spatial image resolutions. The obtained results confirm the efficiency of the proposed model compared to other generative models, where the mean absolute error yielded by our model was 26.44(0.62), with a Hounsfield unit error of 45.3(1.87), and an overall Dice coefficient of 0.74(0.05), demonstrating the potential of the synthesis model for radiotherapy planning applications.
Scalable electronic readout design for a 100 ps coincidence time resolution TOF-PET system
Authors: Pourashraf Shirin , Gonzalez-Montoro Andrea , Won Jun Yeon , Lee Min Sun , Cates Joshua W , Zhao Zhixiang , Lee Jae Sung , Levin Craig S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We have developed a scalable detector readout design for a 100 ps coincidence time resolution (CTR) time of flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) detector technology. The basic scintillation detectors studied in this paper are based on 2 × 4 arrays of 3 × 3 × 10 mm3 ‘fast-LGSO:Ce’ scintillation crystals side-coupled to 6 × 4 arrays of 3 × 3 mm2 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). We employed a novel mixed-signal front-end electronic configuration and a low timing jitter Field Programming Gate Array-based time to digital converter for data acquisition. Using a 22Na point source, >10 000 coincidence events were experimentally acquired for several SiPM bias voltages, leading edge time-pickoff thresholds, and timing channels. CTR of 102.03 ± 1.9 ps full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) was achieved using single 3 × 3 × 10 mm3 ‘fast-LGSO’ crystal elements, wrapped in Teflon tape and side coupled to a linear array of 3 SiPMs. In addition, the measured average CTR was 113.4 ± 0.7 ps for the side-coupled 2 × 4 crystal array. The readout architecture presented in this work is designed to be scalable to large area module detectors with a goal to create the first TOF-PET system with 100 ps FWHM CTR.
Comparative optic and dosimetric characterization of the HYPERSCINT scintillation dosimetry research platform for multipoint applications
Authors: Jean Emilie , Therriault-Proulx François , Beaulieu Luc 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study introduces the HYPERSCINT research platform (HYPERSCINT-RP100, Medscint Inc., Quebec, Canada), the first commercially available scintillation dosimetry platform capable of multi-point dosimetry through the hyperspectral approach. Optic and dosimetric performances of the system were investigated through comparison with another commercially available solution, the Ocean Optics QE65Pro spectrometer. The optical characterization was accomplished by measuring the linearity of the signal as a function of integration time, photon detection efficiency and spectral resolution for both systems under the same conditions. Dosimetric performances were then evaluated with a 3-point plastic scintillator detector (mPSD) in terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and signal to background ratio (SBR) associated with each scintillator. The latter were subsequently compared with those found in the literature for the Exradin W1, a single-point plastic scintillator detector. Finally, various beam measurements were realized with the HYPERSCINT platform to evaluate its ability to perform clinical photon beam dosimetry. Both systems were found to be comparable in terms of linearity of the signal as a function of the intensity. Although the QE65Pro possesses a higher spectral resolution, the detection efficiency of the HYPERSCINT is up to 1000 time greater. Dosimetric measurements shows that the latter also offers a better SNR and SBR, surpassing even the SNR of the Exradin W1 single-point PSD. While doses ranging from 1 to 600 cGy were accurately measured within 2.1% of the predicted dose using the HYPERSCINT platform coupled to the mPSD, the Ocean optics spectrometer shows discrepancies up to 86% under 50cGy. Similarly, depth dose, full width at half maximum region of the beam profile and output factors were all accurately measured within 2.3% of the predicted dose using the HYPERSCINT platform and exhibit an average difference of 0.5%, 1.6% and 0.6%, respectively.
What recording duration is required to provide physiologically valid and reliable dynamic cerebral autoregulation transfer functional analysis estimates?
Authors: Burma Joel S , Miutz Lauren N , Newel Kailey T , Labrecque Lawrence , Drapeau Audrey , Brassard Patrice , Copeland Paige , Macaulay Alannah , Smirl Jonathan D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective. Currently, a recording of 300 s is recommended to obtain accurate dynamic cerebral autoregulation estimates using transfer function analysis (TFA). Therefore, this investigation sought to explore the concurrent validity and the within- and between-day reliability of TFA estimates derived from shorter recording durations from squat-stand maneuvers.Approach. Retrospective analyses were performed on 70 young, recreationally active or endurance-trained participants (17 females; age: 26 ± 5 years, [range: 20–39 years]; body mass index: 24 ± 3 kg m−2). Participants performed 300 s of squat-stands at frequencies of 0.05 and 0.10 Hz, where shorter recordings of 60, 120, 180, and 240 s were extracted. Continuous transcranial Doppler ultrasound recordings were taken within the middle and posterior cerebral arteries. Coherence, phase, gain, and normalized gain metrics were derived. Bland–Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement (LOA), repeated measures ANOVA’s, two-tailed paired t-tests, coefficient of variation, Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients, and linear regressions were conducted.Main results. When examining the concurrent validity across different recording durations, group differences were noted within coherence (F(4155) > 11.6,p < 0.001) but not phase (F(4155) < 0.27,p > 0.611), gain (F(4155) < 0.61,p > 0.440), or normalized gain (F(4155) < 0.85,p > 0.359) parameters. The Bland–Altman 95% LOA measuring the concurrent validity, trended to narrow as recording duration increased (60 s: < ±0.4, 120 s: < ±0.3, 180 s < ±0.3, 240 s: < ±0.1). The validity of the 180 and 240 s recordings further increased when physiological covariates were included within regression models.Significance. Future studies examining autoregulation should seek to have participants perform 300 s of squat-stand maneuvers. However, valid and reliable TFA estimates can be drawn from 240 s or 180 s recordings if physiological covariates are controlled.
Schottky barrier heights in two-dimensional field-effect transistors: from theory to experiment
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Liu Shiqi , Li Qiuhui , Quhe Ruge , Yang Chen , Guo Ying , Zhang Xiuying , Pan Yuanyuan , Li Jingzhen , Zhang Han , Xu Lin , Shi Bowen , Tang Hao , Li Ying , Yang Jinbo , Zhang Zhiyong , Xiao Lin , Pan Feng , Lu Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Over the past decade, two-dimensional semiconductors (2DSCs) have aroused wide interest due to their extraordinary electronic, magnetic, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties, which hold potential in electronic, optoelectronic, thermoelectric applications, and so forth. The field-effect transistor (FET), a semiconductor gated with at least three terminals, is pervasively exploited as the device geometry for these applications. For lack of effective and stable substitutional doping techniques, direct metal contact is often used in 2DSC FETs to inject carriers. A Schottky barrier (SB) generally exists in the metal–2DSC junction, which significantly affects and even dominates the performance of most 2DSC FETs. Therefore, low SB or Ohmic contact is highly preferred for approaching the intrinsic characteristics of the 2DSC channel. In this review, we systematically introduce the recent progress made in theoretical prediction of the SB height (SBH) in the 2DSC FETs and the efforts made both in theory and experiments to achieve low SB contacts. From the comparison between the theoretical and experimentally observed SBHs, the emerging first-principles quantum transport simulation turns out to be the most powerful theoretical tool to calculate the SBH of a 2DSC FET. Finally, we conclude this review from the viewpoints of state-of-the-art electrode designs for 2DSC FETs.
Constructing quantum circuits with global gates
Authors: van de Wetering John 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are various gate sets that can be used to describe a quantum computation. A particularly popular gate set in the literature on quantum computing consists of arbitrary single-qubit gates and two-qubit CNOT gates. A CNOT gate is however not always the natural multi-qubit interaction that can be implemented on a given physical quantum computer, necessitating a compilation step that transforms these CNOT gates to the native gate set. An especially interesting case where compilation is necessary is for ion trap quantum computers, where the natural entangling operation can act on more than two qubits and can even act globally on all qubits at once. This calls for an entirely different approach to constructing efficient circuits. In this paper we study the problem of converting a given circuit that uses two-qubit gates to one that uses global gates. Our three main contributions are as follows. First, we find an efficient algorithm for transforming an arbitrary circuit consisting of Clifford gates and arbitrary phase gates into a circuit consisting of single-qubit gates and a number of global interactions proportional to the number of non-Clifford phases present in the original circuit. Second, we find a general strategy to transform a global gate that targets all qubits into one that targets only a subset of the qubits. This approach scales linearly with the number of qubits that are not targeted, in contrast to the exponential scaling reported in (Maslov and Nam 2018 New J. Phys.
20 033018). Third, we improve on the number of global gates required to synthesise an arbitrary n-qubit Clifford circuit from the 12n − 18 reported in (Maslov and Nam 2018 New J. Phys.
20 033018) to 6n − 8.
Ultimate quantum limit for amplification: a single atom in front of a mirror
Authors: Wiegand Emely , Wen Ping-Yi , Delsing Per , Hoi Io-Chun , Kockum Anton Frisk 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigate three types of amplification processes for light fields coupling to an atom near the end of a one-dimensional (1D) semi-infinite waveguide. We consider two setups where a drive creates population inversion in the bare or dressed basis of a three-level atom and one setup where the amplification is due to higher-order processes in a driven two-level atom. In all cases, the end of the waveguide acts as a mirror for the light. We find that this enhances the amplification in two ways compared to the same setups in an open waveguide. Firstly, the mirror forces all output from the atom to travel in one direction instead of being split up into two output channels. Secondly, interference due to the mirror enables tuning of the ratio of relaxation rates for different transitions in the atom to increase population inversion. We quantify the enhancement in amplification due to these factors and show that it can be demonstrated for standard parameters in experiments with superconducting quantum circuits.
Exploring the fusion hindrance phenomenon: the case of 32,34S + 89Y
Authors: Gharaei R , Fuji A , Azadegan B , Mowlavi A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The sub-barrier fusion data of 32,34S + 89Y colliding systems are analyzed using the coupled-channels (CC) calculations, including couplings to the low-lying 2+ and 3− states in reacting nuclei as well as mutual and multi-phonon excitations of these states, based on the proximity potential model. In this scheme, we focus upon the the effect of surface energy coefficient γ and also thermal properties of liquids and hot nuclei on the inner part of the nuclear potential and thus on the fusion cross sections at bombarding energies far below the Coulomb barrier. As expected, our primary calculations using the original proximity potential 1977 show that this model underestimates the measured fusion cross sections at the whole energy region. It is shown that the mentioned physical effects bring significant cross sections enhancements for both reactions. The indications of the fusion hindrance phenomenon in the fusion cross sections at energies far below the Coulomb barrier show up. The observed S factors for the above-mentioned systems develop a maximum at low energies which can also be predicted by the phenomenological extrapolations. Our results within the framework of the modified form of the proximity potential reveal that the calculated fusion cross sections, S factors, and logarithmic slopes for the two systems are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data even at the lowest energies.
Properties of superdeformed bands in A < 100 mass region within the variable moment of inertia model
Authors: Devi Vidya , Matharu Jagjit Singh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The variable moment of inertia (VMI) model has been used to study the properties of superdeformed (SD) bands in A < 100 mass region. The experimental γ-ray (E

γ
) transitions energies are least square fitted to obtain the model parameters such as band head moment of inertia, (J
0), and stiffness constant, (C). The observed E

γ
transition energies obtained using the VMI formula are in excellent agreement with the experimental values. In the paper, we have studied the dynamic moment of inertia (J
(2)) and its variation with rotational frequency (ℏ
ω). We also studied the ΔI = 2 staggering phenomena in SD bands of 61Zn(SD), 62Zn(SD1), 80Sr(SD1), 81Sr(SD1), 82Sr(SD), 83Sr(SD), 84Zr(SD), 86Zr(SD1), 86Zr(SD4), 87Nb(SD2), 89Tc(SD) and 91Tc(SD) nuclei. The VMI model brings very comprehensive interpretation for spin assignment and to study the properties of SD bands in light mass region nuclei.
Cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers-based all-optical OR logic gate
Authors: Kotb Amer , Zoiros Kyriakos E , Li Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a novel study of the ultrafast performance of an all-optical OR logic gate using two-cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) at a data rate of 80 Gb s−1. The variation of the gate’s quality factor (Q-factor) against various key operating parameters, such as the continuous wave input power and wavelength, the operating data rate and the equivalent pseudorandom binary sequence length, is examined and assessed, taking into account the effects of SOAs amplified spontaneous emission and operating temperature to obtain results that are closer to reality. The simulation results indicate that the OR logic gate can be realized using the proposed two-cascaded SOAs scheme at 80 Gb s−1 with logical correctness and a Q-factor = 23.7, which is higher than that previously reported with other SOA-based schemes.
Precise Photometric Measurements from a 1903 Photographic Plate Using a Commercial Scanner
Authors: Cerny William , Chapman Alexis , Glusman Rowen , Kron Richard G. , Liang Yingyi , Lin Jason J. , Martinez Michael N. , Medina Elisabeth , Muratore Amanda , Ogonor Buduka , Sanchez Jorge A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate the feasibility of determining magnitudes of stars on archival photographic plates using a commercially available scanner. We describe one photometric approach that could serve as a useful example for other studies. In particular, we measure and calibrate stellar magnitudes from a 1903 photographic plate from the Yerkes Observatory collection, and demonstrate that the overall precision from our methods is better than 0.10 mag. Notably, these measurements are dominated by intrinsic plate noise, rather than noise introduced through the scanning/digitization process. The low expense of this approach expands the scientific potential to study variable stars in the archives of observatory plate collections. We use the serendipitous discovery of a candidate transient at photographic magnitude pg = 16.60 in the spiral galaxy NGC 7331 to illustrate our photometric methods. If this unknown source is a supernova, it would represent the fourth known supernova in NGC 7331.