bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gain Enhancement in Antipodal Vivaldi Antennas using Parasitic Elements and Metamaterials
Authors: Johari Safpbri , Mohd Yassin Mohd Najib , Ismail Arif Marwardi , Nurhayati Nurhayati 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Conventional Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) suffers from limited gain, especially at high frequencies. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing a compact AVA design of 1.28λ0 × 0.91λ0 × 0.18λ0 at 3.5 GHz that achieves significant gain enhancement. The design utilizes strategically placed parasitic elements to manipulate current distribution and a custom metasurface lens to optimize the wavefront. Simulations demonstrate substantial gain improvement compared to a conventional AVA across a wide frequency range. This approach offers a promising solution for high-gain, wideband AVA suitable for long-range and focused signal transmission applications.
Generating Orbital Angular Momentum Waves with 3-bit Resolutions of the Reflective Metasurface
Authors: Johari Safpbri , Mohd Yassin Mohd Najib , Ismail Arif Marwardi , Amri Muhammad Miftahul , Ali Norshamsuri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the metasurface (MS) designed to generate Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) within the 5.6 GHz frequency range. The basic unit comprises hexagonal patches, ensuring a full 360° phase cycle. This distinctive design enables the realization of quantized phases, enhancing the overall efficiency of the MS. Using topological optimization methods for unit organization, we show 3-bit resolutions. The OAM MS proposed in this study consists of 16 ×16-unit cells. Simulation findings demonstrate how well the MS generates a first-order OAM beam. The potential applications of this proposed MS design extend to wireless communication systems. By enabling controlled OAM generation at 5.6 GHz, this innovation holds promise for advancing communication technologies, contributing to the evolution of wireless systems.
Realization of Plasma Antenna using U-Shaped Compact Fluorescent Lamp
Authors: Jusoh M T , Lafond O , Colombel F , Himdi M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel plasma antenna utilizing a U-shaped compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) as the radiating element, excited by an alternating current (AC) supply. Unlike conventional designs, the coupling sleeve in this plasma antenna is positioned beneath the ground plane, reducing unwanted radiation when the plasma is deactivated. Two prototypes were fabricated, varying only in height (35.7 mm and 77 mm). Measurements at 900 MHz revealed significant differences in radiation patterns between ON and OFF states, indicating effective radiation in the ON state. However, at 450 MHz, only the shorter antenna (35.7 mm) exhibited acceptable performance. The results demonstrate that a U-shaped CFL can serve as an efficient plasma antenna, with performance comparable to classical dipole antennas within the tested frequency range.
On Thin Flexible Wideband Printed Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Wearable Applications
Authors: Afroz S , Al-Hadi A A , Azemi S N , Hoon W F , Padmanathan S , Isa C M N C , Sahoo B C , Loh Y S , Tung L H , Lim L M , Samsudin Z , Mansor I , Soh P J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Body Area Networks (BANs) have gained significant popularity in recent years, leading to a substantial rise in the demand for wearable antennas. Printed antenna on the flexible substrate can be an excellent choice for wearable since it can be used as a smart garment (i.e. shirt, T-shirt, or jacket). Unlike rigid antennas, the fabrication and measurement procedures for wearable antennas are particularly critical and sensitive. In BANs, the presence of the human body presents another significant challenge such as structural deformation (like bending). This paper has provided an overview of the fabrication process and measurement considerations for printed flexible wearable antenna. It also compared these antennas with conventional copper tape antenna across all aspects. Bending deformation of the printed antenna is performed as well to ensure the antenna’s functionality under such circumstances.
Mitigating Soil Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions: Organic Agroforestry Practices in Previously Degraded and Abandoned Tropical Peatlands
Authors: Darusman T , Husna Z S , David A , Adventiaputri A , Lestari D P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Degraded and abandoned tropical peatlands are highly susceptible to forest fires, which can significantly contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One potential solution to mitigate this problem is the implementation of agroforestry practices. However, there is limited data on soil-based GHG emissions from smallholder agroforestry practices. To address this gap, our study aimed to quantify and compare soil-based GHG emissions at two experimental sites of organic agroforestry practice, with and without intercropping. The non-intercropping system only grows wood-based perennial commodities. In contrast, the intercropping site cultivates wood-based perennial and seasonal intercrop commodities. We measured CO2 and CH4 emissions monthly from 2020 to 2023 using an LGR™ ultraportable gas analyzer in eight permanent chambers at each site, concurrently with measuring Groundwater level (GWL). Our finding shows that CO2 emissions from heterotrophic soil respiration (Rh) in the intercropping site was nearly five times higher, with an annual average of 19.66 ± 0.62 Mg CO2 ha−21yr−1, compared to in the non-intercropping system, with a yearly average of 6.94 ± 1.55 Mg CO2 ha−1yr−1. The CO2 emissions from Rh accounted for 60-80% of CO2 emissions from total soil respiration (Rs). Similarly, CH4 emissions were higher in the intercropping site, with an annual average of 4.59 ± 2.52 kg CH4 ha−1yr−1 compared to 2.53 ± 0. 76 kg CH4 ha−1yr−1 in the non-intercropping site. Overall, soil-based global warming potential (GWP100) from the intercropping system is nearly three times higher (19.78 ± 0.57 Mg CO2-eq ha−1yr−1) than the non-intercropping system (7.00 ± 1.53 Mg CO2-eq ha−1yr−1). The study found that agroforestry with an intercropping system had a higher net soil CO2-eq emission than agroforestry without intercropping and may not achieve net soil zero carbon emissions. However, the non-intercropping site may achieve net soil zero carbon emission if wood-based perennial vegetation continues to grow, resembling the secondary peat swamp forest.
Growth and Yield of Corn Varieties on Flooded Burning Peat Soils
Authors: Rahayuningsih S E A , Zubaidah S , Kresnatita S , Maulana M D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate effect of flooding on the growth and yield of a number of different types of corn grown in peat soil that has been burned. During the four-leaf phase, which lasts ten days, four different varieties of maize plants, namely BISI 2, BIMA 5, JH37, and NASA 29, were impacted by water. The level of the flooding was five centimeters. Starting in December 2020 and continuing until March 2021, the investigation was carried out at the experimental sites, which is part of the Department of Agricultural Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture, Palangka Raya University. The research was conducted using a combination of three replications and a factorial randomized block design. The types of maize, specifically BISI 2, BIMA 5, JH37, and NASA 29, were flooded in their respective amounts, and a control does not show any signs of stagnation. Except for the quantity of leaves, there was no interaction between flooding and variety and it was not significant. There is a decrease in the number of leaves, stem diameter, plant dry weight, and maize kernel weight per plant when the plant is subjected to flooding stress.
Wild Edible Mushroom from Central Kalimantan and Its Potential for Other Benefits
Authors: Nion Y A , Djaya A A , Kamillah  , Agnestisia R , Mashabhi S , Nion K A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
All cities and districts in the province of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, have wild edible mushrooms. The research was conducted for a year (April 2023-April 2024). Twenty kinds of wild edible mushrooms were found in this study, with species names: Auricularia sp., Campanella buettneri, Calostoma insigne, Cookeina sulcipes, Favolaschia pustulosa, Hygrocybe conica, H. chloropana, Inocybe sp., Termitomyces sp, Lentinus sp., L. tigrinus, Oudemansiella sp., Phallus indusiatus, Pleurotus sp., P. ostreatus, Schizophillum commune, Tremella fuciformis, and V. volvaceae. The predominant genus are Pleurotus, Auricularia, Schizophyllum, Lentinus, and Volvariella. In addition, four species were growing on the ground, while the other remains were found on rotting plant stems in peat and non-peat forest areas. The potential nutritional and medicinal value of wild edible mushrooms, their benefits for health, and their applications in various industrial processes—such as wastewater treatment, bio-bleaching, detergent manufacture, dye degradation, juice clarification, biofuel production, and increased oil recovery—need to be optimized.
The Role Antagonistic Fungus of Solanum lasiocarpum Rhizophere to Control Chili Seed Borne Pathogen In Vitro
Authors: Mulyani R B , Djaya A A , Silitonga I L , Supriati L , Padriyani  , Melhanah  
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a pathogen that can be carried by chili seeds. Control usually uses synthetic fungicides, but this can have negative impacts on the environment, human health and resistance to pathogenic fungi. A more environmentally friendly and safe control alternative is to use a biofungicide made from antagonistic fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Terong Asam (Solanum lapiocarpum Dunal). The research was carried out in vitro using dual culture method, namely testing the pathogen C. gloeosporioides against the antagonistic fungi Trichoderma hamatum, T. harzianum, T. asperellum, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, and Penicillium sp. the rhizosphere of Terong Asam. The results showed that all fungi obtained could inhibit the growth of the C. gloeosporioides seven days after isolation with different percentages of inhibition. High category of antagonistic activity has in Penicillium sp. (68.53%), T. asperellum (67.77%), T. hamatum and T. harzianum (66.27%) each, while other species showed low antagonist activity, namely A. flavus (40.63%), A. niger (33.58%), and A. terreus (28.70%). The difference of the inhibitory power is determined by the activity of antagonistic fungal mechanisms controlling pathogens, namely competition for growth sites and nutrients, antibiosis compounds produced and mycoparasitism. Antagonistic fungi that have high potential activity are used as biofungicides seed treatment to control C. gloeosporioides which infects seeds.
Current Insight: Habitat mosaic and landscape ecological services mapping based on local community knowledge in Karuing Village, Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Pitoyo D , Adam C , Segah H , Surjanto D , Simon O , Anshori M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Habitat mosaic is an ecological phenomenon in which different habitats are found close together in varying patch sizes. This phenomenon is caused by environmental heterogeneity and disturbance events, both natural and anthropogenic. This anthropogenic disturbance cannot be separated from the existence of local communities that utilize its ecological services for their survival. Karuing Village is a village on the banks of the Katingan River in Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan. The village landscape is surrounded by rivers and streams as well as forest ecosystems. The people of Karuing village have lived by utilizing ecological services for many years, especially aquatic resources from fishing. As time goes by, climate change occurs, causing shifts in the habitat mosaic and allowing new habitat patches to form. This research aims to map the habitat mosaic based on local knowledge of the community in Karuing Village, Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan. In addition, this research also explores its potential as an ecological service that can be utilized by local communities. The results of this study provide the latest insight into the habitat mosaic and its ecological services in Karuing Village, Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan, as a basis for conservation management plans and recommendations.
Measurement of Biomass and Carbon Emissions in Secondary Forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Yosep  , Salampak  , Yulianti N , Nasir D , Darung U 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The aim of this research is to calculate carbon biomass above the surface in the form of vegetation and litter and calculate carbon emissions below the surface of secondary peat forests in the form of carbon emissions and roots. Field research was conducted in Tumbang Nusa Village, Jabiren District, Pulang Pisau Regency, Taruna Village, Sebangau District, Kalampangan, Palangka Raya City and in Hampangen, Katingan Hilir Regency, Central Kalimantan. Based on the analysis results, the highest average CO2 emissions in the treatment close to trees with root cutting (NT-T) was 423.30 ± 151.06 mg CO2 m−2 hours−1, with an average water surface height of 18.85 cm. while the lowest emissions in the treatment far from the tree were root cutting (FT-T) was 286.32 ± 107.97 mg CO2 m−2 hours−1 with an average water surface height of 20.05 cm. The highest CH4 emissions in the treatment far from the tree without root cutting (FT-U) were 1,246.00 ± 1,192.28 μg CH4 m−2 hours−1 with an average water surface height of 19.99 cm while the lowest emissions were in remote treatment with trees with root cutting (FT-T) was 893.69 ± 586.18 μg CH4 m−2 hours−1 with an average water surface height of 20.05 cm. Carbon reserves in secondary swamp forests amount to 82,115 tons/ha.
Consortium of Biological Agencies Trichoderma sp. and Mycorrhiza to Control Basal Stem Rot (Ganoderma sp.) on Oil Palm Seeds in Peat Soil Medi
Authors: Mulyani R B , Supriati L , Djaya A A , Nion Y A , Sihombing N H , Wardhana V W 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ganoderma is one of the diseases that attack the basal stem rot which is an important disease, especially in oil palm plantations that have undergone replanting. In Indonesia, the disease has attacked oil palm plantations in North Sumatra, Riau and Lampung with attack rates reaching 20-30%. This study aims to determine the ability of the consortium of biological agents Trichoderma sp. together with mycorrhiza in suppressing Ganoderma sp. infection on the roots of oil palm seedlings. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) single factor 6 treatments with 3 replications. The research was carried out in the experimental farm and laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya from October 2018 to February 2019. The results showed that the consortium of T. harzianum and T. viridae was able to suppress Ganoderma sp. infection on the roots of oil palm seedlings by 44.0%, and 39.9% in the consortium T. koningi, T. NHP1 and T. longibrachiatum. The consortium treatment of T. harzianum and T. viridae which was applied together with mycorrhiza was able to suppress infection of Ganoderma sp. of 42.3% and 42.0% for the consortium treatment of T. koningi, T.NHP1 and T. longibrachiatum which was applied together with mycorrhiza. While a single treatment of mycorrhiza was able to suppress Ganoderma sp. infection. on the roots of oil palm seedlings by 45.7%.
Are people willing to pay for reusable bags? The case study in Yogyakarta and Surakarta
Authors: Herawati Dian Rachma , Gravitiani Evi , Ratnadewati Ainina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the value of Willingness to pay (WTP) reusable bags in an effort to reduce the use of plastic bags and the variables that affect the value of Willingness to pay. This study uses the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) analysis method and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the factors that affect the magnitude of WTP reusable bag value. The results showed that the characteristics of respondents in this study were dominated by respondents with female gender, in the age range of 20-24 years, with the last high school education (12 years), and at the income level of Rp1,000,000 - Rp5,000,000. As many as 77% of 400 respondents know how to limit the use of plastic bags to preserve the environment. The average WTP value of respondents was Rp4,485, with an economic value of Rp2,553,197,000 per month. Variables that have a significant effect on WTP are age, domicile, recent education, knowledge, and income. At the same time, the sex variable did not have a significant effect on WTP. The public needs to be educated about the purpose of the implementation of paid plastic bags and the use of reusable bags in consumption activities. In addition, there is a need for education about the urgency of the zero waste program in Indonesia.
Potrait on Regulation and Policy to Life on Land
Authors: Asriyani  , Maskun  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Environmental problems are caused by environmental damage caused by massive deforestation. This happens because humans overuse natural resources without paying attention to the damage that occurs. The goal of maintaining the land ecosystem of life on land affects environmental protection policies so that no more ecological damage occurs in Indonesia. The method used is normative research using legislation and norm systems as the objects of study, such as ideal legal values, legal theories, legal principles, legal teachings, court decisions, and legal policies. Maintaining the land ecosystem of the Life on Land SDGs affects environmental protection policies in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to implement environmental protection regulations, synchronize SDGs 15, and maintain land ecosystems. The SDGs affect environmental protection policies by maintaining and protecting the environment so that no more ecological damage occurs in Indonesia.
A Multiple Streams Analysis: The Policy Process Indonesia’s New Social Forestry Model
Authors: Rahayu Sari , Sakuntaladewi Niken , Fauzi Ridwan , Ramawati  , Nugroho Ardiyanto , Suhartono  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Indonesia Social Forestry Program was first implemented on the island of Java in the area of the State Forestry Company (Perhutani). “Social forestry” initiatives are emerging to integrate local communities into forest governance. Perhutani implemented the Managing Forest with Community (PHBM) program and formed a Forest Village Community (LMDH) institution. The main aim of this program is to improve the welfare of forest farming communities through tree planting, intercropping, and animal husbandry activities. However, after four decades of implementing the social forestry program, up to fifteen years after the implementation of PHBM, it is considered that it has not answered the challenges of Java’s forests, such as access, poverty in communities around the forest, the ecological crisis, and conflicts over forest area management. In 2017, the Indonesian government introduced a new social forestry scheme in the Perhutani working area, known as the “Social Forestry Forest Utilization Permit” (IPHPS). This research utilizes a qualitative approach, collecting primary and secondary data. This study discusses why and how new social forestry (IPHPS) became part of the government policy agenda. Using the Multiple Streams Framework, this study found complex dynamics surrounding the policy formulation process, leading to the formulation of win-win policies that attempt to cover diverse interests. The political stream is dominant in converging problem and policy streams. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, acting as a Policy Entrepreneur, utilized the policy window to formulate the IPHPS policy framework and sought to convince other policy actors. This study showed that public issues involving political interests tend to capture attention quickly. Furthermore, it showed that public policy formulation is fraught with contesting various stakeholders’ interests.
Predicting Water Discharge Using Model The Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System in the Mallusetasi Watershed
Authors: Wahyuni  , Damayanti Anisa Fitri , Soma Andang Suryana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The frequent occurrence of discharge in the watershed makes the Mallusetasi watershed a high contributor to the number of natural disasters in Barru Regency. This causes the need for research related to the discharge in the Mallusetasi watershed. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the Mallusetasi Watershed Flow Regime Coefficient (KRA) and determine the level of validation of the HEC-HMS model in predicting water discharge in the Mallusetasi Watershed in 2022. Factors that affect water discharge in the Year 2022 analysis in the Mallusetasi watershed are land cover, slope, soil type which includes soil hydrology group and soil texture, rainfall, and geology. Based on the results of analysis and simulation in the Year 2022 model, rainfall and soil type are the most influential factors on water discharge in the Mallusetasi watershed. The predicted maximum flow discharge produced by the model is 26.4 m3/s in December with a volume of 985,34 mm. The calibration results of the HEC-HMS model obtained an NSE value of 0,468 and an R2 value of 0,682. After the validation process, the NSE value obtained is 0,373 and R2 with a value of 0,672. The KRA value obtained from the results of the analysis carried out has the highest value of 1140 which is in Sub-basin 3 with a very high classification.
Identification of Mangrove Ecosystem Boundaries in the Coastal Area of Bontang City Based on Tides Using Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Pramono Dwi Agung , Karyati  , Suhardiman Ali , Kiswanto  , Widyasasi Dyah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems in coastal areas are important in storing large amounts of carbon and preventing coastal erosion due to sea wave scouring. Mangrove areas have many advantages as examples of mangrove plants that provide good nutrition for the surrounding area. Mangrove plants and surrounding mangrove sediments act as carbon sinks and social benefits for coastal communities. This mangrove area is located between the beach and the river and is influenced by salt water tides. Mangroves play an important ecological role in coastal stabilization by minimizing the impact of wave and wind energy on shorelines and acting as excellent land structural protection. The existence of mangrove forest areas in Bontang City poses a threat of changes in mangrove forest areas caused by various factors, including anthropogenic and global environmental changes. With the development of geospatial science, it can be used to analyze land boundaries that are influenced by sea tides. The main objective of this study is to identify the boundaries of the mangrove ecosystem in the coastal area of Bontang City. This research uses geospatial analysis methods with Remote Sensing and also Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This research shows an overview of the boundaries of the mangrove ecosystem area on the coast of Bontang City along a coastline of 135.79 km and an estimated area of the mangrove ecosystem area of 2,413.14 Ha. The results of this research can be the basis for a rehabilitation program for mangrove ecosystem areas.