bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain functional and effective connectivity based on electroencephalography recordings: A review
Authors: Cao Jun , Zhao Yifan , Shan Xiaocai , Wei Hua‐liang , Guo Yuzhu , Chen Liangyu , Erkoyuncu John Ahmet , Sarrigiannis Ptolemaios Georgios 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFunctional connectivity and effective connectivity of the human brain, representing statistical dependence and directed information flow between cortical regions, significantly contribute to the study of the intrinsic brain network and its functional mechanism. Many recent studies on electroencephalography (EEG) have been focusing on modeling and estimating brain connectivity due to increasing evidence that it can help better understand various brain neurological conditions. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive updated review on studies of EEG‐based brain connectivity, particularly on visualization options and associated machine learning applications, aiming to translate those techniques into useful clinical tools. This article reviews EEG‐based functional and effective connectivity studies undertaken over the last few years, in terms of estimation, visualization, and applications associated with machine learning classifiers. Methods are explored and discussed from various dimensions, such as either linear or nonlinear, parametric or nonparametric, time‐based, and frequency‐based or time‐frequency‐based. Then it is followed by a novel review of brain connectivity visualization methods, grouped by Heat Map, data statistics, and Head Map, aiming to explore the variation of connectivity across different brain regions. Finally, the current challenges of related research and a roadmap for future related research are presented.
The economic burden of anxiety and depression on the working age population with diabetes in Spain
Authors: Fernandez‐Piciochi Claudia , Martín‐Saborido Carlos , Bimbela‐Pedrola José Luís , Sarria‐Santamera Antonio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex, chronic, multifactorial, and costly health problem representing 8% of total public health expenditures in Spain. The objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence and costs of Anxiety (AX) and Depression (DP) in the Spanish working population with DM. Data were obtained from the National Health Survey of Spain 2017. A multivariate analysis was conducted to predict the use of resources and absenteeism/presenteeism. Direct and indirect costs were calculated. The final population analysed contained 15,822 subjects (18–65 years old). DM prevalence was 4.8%, and AX‐DP 10.6% (50.5% were men). Self‐diagnosed health was rated as regular, poor or very poor in 89% of DM subjects with DP‐AX. The average costs estimated were €24,643.41 for DM subjects with AX‐DP and €20,059.53 for those with only DM. The total estimated 2017 economic impact of DM was 2.4% of Spanish gross domestic product (13% directly related to DP‐AX). Indirect costs represented 72.7% of total DP‐AX costs. Spanish society is paying a considerable price for the incidence of DP‐AX levels with DM in the working population. This global challenge has important repercussions for individuals' quality of life, health systems, and countries' development and economic growth.
It takes two to tango: Knowledge transfer between expatriates and host country nationals
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Shan , Chen Yu‐Ping , Chiang Flora F. T. , Shaffer Margaret A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntegrating conservation of resource (COR) theory and the theory of relational organizing, we conceptualize expatriate–host country national (HCN) knowledge transfer as resource gains between the sender and receiver. Based on a sample of 107 expatriate–HCN dyads, we found that when the knowledge receiver, be it an expatriate or HCN, is high on cultural intelligence (CQ), the sender will be more likely to perceive higher levels of trust in the receiver and shared vision with the receiver. These cognitive responses to the receiver's CQ are instrumental in facilitating the receiver's knowledge acquisition. We also identified the sender's perceptions of the collaborative‐based HR configuration as a contextual condition that strengthens the relationship between the knowledge receiver's CQ and the sender's perceived trust in the receiver and shared vision with the receiver.
Having the talk when our little ones just learned to walk: Racial socialization with young children in contemporary times
Authors: Galán Chardée A. , Yu Ann C. , O'Connor John P. , Akinbola Deborah T. , Anderson Riana Elyse 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe world as we knew it changed abruptly in 2020. Whether due to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), or subsequent events, including the murder of George Floyd, the election of Joseph Biden and Kamala Harris, or the US Capital Insurrection, racialized events became a focal point for families who found themselves gathering together much more frequently due to government encouraged stay‐at‐home mandates. Caregivers across races and developmental ages began asking themselves the same question: how can I talk to my child about race? Here, we seek to provide psychoeducation around racial socialization, or the ways we have ‘The Talk’ to our children about race and racism, along with practical strategies to be competent in these conversations with young children in particular. Three steps for parents, including unpacking racial beliefs, practicing with supportive others, and utilizing media to enhance The Talk with children are advanced. We conclude by considering the future as a guidepost by which we can measure our hopes and successes of raising children in a racism‐free society.
Camrelizumab for relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: Extended follow‐up of the multicenter, single‐arm, Phase 2 study
Authors: Wu Jianqiu , Song Yuqin , Chen Xinchuan , Lin Tongyu , Cao Junning , Liu Yanyan , Zhao Yaozhong , Jin Jie , Huang Haiwen , Hu Jianda , Luo Jun , Zhang Liling , Xue Hongwei , Zhang Qingyuan , Wang Weiwei , Chen Chunxia , Feng Jifeng , Zhu Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCamrelizumab (a humanized high‐affinity IgG4 mAb against programmed death‐l) showed potent antitumor activity, well tolerance and controllable safety in patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r cHL), based on the primary analysis of a Phase 2 study. Here, we present the extended follow‐up outcomes. Seventy‐five patients who had failed to achieve a remission or experienced progression after autologous stem cell transplantation or had received at least two lines of systemic chemotherapies were enrolled to receive camrelizumab 200 mg every 2 weeks. With a median follow‐up of 36.2 months (range, 7.2‐38.1), objective response rate per independent central review was 76.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64.7‐85.1). Among the 57 responders, 31 (54.4%) had ongoing responses. Median duration of response was 31.7 months (95% CI, 16.7‐not reached). Median progression‐free survival was 22.5 months (95% CI, 14.7‐not reached). Thirty‐six‐month overall survival rate was 82.7% (95% CI, 72.0‐89.5). Reactive capillary endothelial proliferation (RCEP) occurred in 97.3% of patients (73/75), but all RCEP were Grade 1 or 2 in severity and 67.1% of these patients (49/73) achieved complete resolution. Occurrence of new RCEP lesions was rare (8/42 [19.0%] at 12 months; 2/32 [6.3%] at 24 months). No treatment‐related deaths occurred, and no new toxicities were reported. With extended follow‐up, camrelizumab monotherapy continues to provide a robust and durable response, long survival and manageable safety in r/r cHL patients.
Design of MOFs with Absolute Structures: A Case Study
Authors: Wang Haoze , Pei Xiaokun , Proserpio Davide M. , Yaghi Omar M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with absolute structures are of particular interest as the asymmetry of their crystal structures enables wide applications from asymmetric catalysis to enantioselective separation. Previous reports on the synthetic strategies toward MOFs with absolute structures always required the use of chiral precursors or chiral templates, however, it is not always easy to obtain enantiopure starting materials. Here in, we report a new non‐centrosymmetric MOF, MOF‐829, synthesized from aluminium salt and achiral organic linker. Further comparisons are made between MOF‐829 and a reported Al‐based chiral MOF (MOF‐520) that is composed of the same metal ion and linker, and similarly synthesized without using chiral compounds. The configurations of the building units, the absolute structures of both MOFs, and their topologies were investigated in detail. We found that (i) topology is one of the determining factors in the formation of non‐centrosymmetric MOFs; (ii) the formation of chiral MOFs further requires the directionality of chiral linkers but more importantly chiral secondary building units (SBUs), which can be realized by fine tuning of the synthetic conditions. We envision that both synthetic exploration of chiral SBUs and the design of non‐centrosymmetric topologies will open a new direction in the design of MOFs with absolute structures.
Cancer of the vagina: 2021 update
Authors: Adams Tracey S. , Rogers Linda J. , Cuello Mauricio A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiagnosis of a primary vaginal cancer is rare, as most vaginal tumors are metastatic from another primary site. Although cancer of the vagina is more common in postmenopausal women, an increase in young women being diagnosed with primary vaginal cancer has been reported, especially in countries with a high HIV prevalence. This is associated with persistence of high‐risk HPV infection. The emphasis should be on primary prevention with prophylactic HPV vaccination. Once there is a suspicion of a primary vaginal cancer, this should be confirmed histologically with biopsy. Staging has been done clinically, as with cervical cancer; however, there is a role for imaging in assisting with staging as this is often a difficult assessment. Treatment should be individualized and depends on stage as well as histologic subtype. It is prudent to refer cases to centers of excellence with experience in dealing with this rare gynecological cancer.
Obesity and gynecological cancers: A toxic relationship
Authors: Wichmann Ignacio A. , Cuello Mauricio A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the evidence supporting the relevance of obesity and obesity‐associated disorders in the development, management, and prognosis of various cancers, obesity rates continue to increase worldwide. Growing evidence supports the involvement of obesity in the development of gynecologic malignancies. This article explores the molecular basis governing the alteration of hallmarks of cancer in the development of obesity‐related gynecologic malignancies encompassing cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. We highlight specific examples of how development, management, and prognosis are affected for each cancer, incorporate current knowledge on complementary approaches including lifestyle interventions to improve patient outcomes, and highlight how new technologies are helping us better understand the biology underlying this neglected pandemic.
Sinensetin attenuates oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion‐induced neurotoxicity by MAPK pathway in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Yang Dong , Yang Ronggang , Shen Jiangyi , Huang Lu , Men Shuai , Wang Tiancai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSinensetin is a polymethoxylated flavone with anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative activities. This work aimed to explore the function and mechanism of sinensetin in oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)‐induced neurotoxicity. The overlapping target genes of cerebral stroke and sinensetin were determined according to GeneCards and ParmMapper tools and were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) were stimulated with OGD/R. Neurotoxicity was investigated by Cell Counting Kit‐8, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, qRT‐PCR, and TUNEL analysis. The proteins (p38, JNK, and ERK) in mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling were measured using Western blotting. Total of 50 overlapping target genes of cerebral stroke and sinensetin were predicted. Pathway analysis showed they might be involved in the MAPK pathway. Sinensetin attenuated OGD/R‐induced neurotoxicity by mitigating viability reduction, LDH release, ROS generation, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in HCMECs. Sinensetin weakened OGD/R‐induced activation of the MAPK pathway via decreasing the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK. The pathway inhibitors mitigated the activation of the MAPK signaling, and sinensetin exacerbated this effect. The inhibitors reversed OGD/R‐induced neurotoxicity in HCMECs, and sinensetin contributed to this role. Overall, sinensetin prevents OGD/R‐induced neurotoxicity through decreasing the activation of MAPK pathway.
Efficacy of water‐only or soap and water skin decontamination of chemical warfare agents or simulants using in vitro human models: A systematic review
Authors: Chiang Chavy , Kashetsky Nadia , Feschuk Aileen , Burli Anuk , Law Rebecca M. , Maibach Howard I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWater‐only or water and soap are widely recommended as preferred solutions for dermal decontamination. However, limited efficacy data exist. We summarized experimental studies evaluating in vitro efficacy of water‐only or soap and water in decontaminating chemical warfare agents (CWA) or their simulants from human skin models. Embase, Covidence®, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for articles using water‐only or soap and water decontamination methods for removal of CWA/CWA simulants in in vitro human skin models. Data extraction was completed from seven studies, yielding seven contaminants. Water‐only decontamination led to partial decontamination in all skin samples (100%, n = 81/81). Soap and water decontamination led to partial decontamination in all skin samples (100%, n = 143/143). Four studies found decontamination to either paradoxically enhance absorption of contaminants or their penetration rates, known as the “wash‐in” effect. Despite recommendations, water‐only or water and soap decontamination were found to yield partial decontamination of CWA or their simulants in all human in vitro studies. Thus, more effective decontaminating agents are needed. Some studies demonstrated increased or faster penetration of chemicals following decontamination, which could prove deadly for agents such as VX, although these findings require in vivo validation. Heterogeneity in experimental setups limits interstudy comparison, and it remains unclear when water‐only or water and soap are ideal decontaminants, which requires more studies. Pending manuscripts will summarize in vivo human and animal efficacy data. International harmonized efficacy protocol should enable more efficient public health decisions for evidence‐based public health decisions.
Financial flexibility and economic policy uncertainty: Evidence from firm behavior and firm value
Authors: Yousefi Hamed , Yung Kenneth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEconomic policy uncertainty imposes a non‐diversifiable risk on the firm. Our results show that financial flexibility is a formidable tool for firms in confronting economic policy uncertainty. Researchers have long considered financial flexibility a missing link in the literature as actual firm leverage is below the level predicted by traditional models. This study provides evidence that financial flexibility is valuable for firms. First, we find that financial flexibility is able to mitigate the negative relation between economic policy uncertainty and firm risk‐taking activity. Second, financial flexibility moderates the negative effect of EPU on equity payouts. Third, our results show that financial flexibility enhances firm value in the face of economic policy uncertainty.
New evidence on practical implications of the CAPM
Authors: Taussig Roi D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) has received tremendous attention since 1964. One of the main aspects of the model is a linear relationship between the coefficient of systematic risk, beta, and expected stock returns. This linear relationship is tested with non‐parametric estimation. While the linear relationship is sustainable, the parabolic relationship is rejected significantly. The result is a strong support for the CAPM. Linear non‐parametric estimation produces better predictions, which can benefit professionals.
AMP‐activated protein kinase mediates lipopolysaccharide‐induced proinflammatory responses and elevated bone resorption in differentiated osteoclasts
Authors: Chen Yu‐Hsu , Hsueh Kuang‐Kai , Chu Pei‐Wen , Chen Shau‐Kwaun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSystemic and intracellular metabolic states are critical factors affecting immune cell functions. The metabolic regulator AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) senses AMP levels and mediates cellular responses to energy‐restrained conditions. The ubiquitously expressed AMPK participates in various biological functions in numerous cell types, including innate immune cell macrophages and osteoclasts, which are their specialized derivatives in bone tissues. Previous studies have demonstrated that the activation of AMPK promotes macrophage polarization toward anti‐inflammatory M2 status. Additionally, AMPK acts as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis, and upregulation of AMPK disrupts the differentiation of osteoclasts. However, the regulation and roles of AMPK in differentiated osteoclasts have not been characterized. Here, we report that inflammatory stimuli‐regulated‐AMPK activation of differentiated and undifferentiated osteoclasts in opposite ways. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK in macrophages and undifferentiated osteoclasts, but it activated AMPK in differentiated osteoclasts. Inactivating AMPK decreased cellular responses against the activation of toll‐like receptor signaling, including the transcriptional activation of proinflammatory cytokines and the bone resorption genesTRAP, andMMP9. The elevation of bone resorption by LPS stimulation was disrupted by AMPK inhibitor, indicating the pivotal roles of AMPK in inflammation‐induced activities in differentiated osteoclasts. The AMPK activator metformin did not increase proinflammatory responses, possibly because other factors are also required for this regulation. Notably, changing the activation status of AMPK did not alter the expression levels of bone resorption genes in unstimulated osteoclasts, indicating the essential roles of AMPK in cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli but not in the maintenance of basal levels. Unlike its M2‐polarizing roles in macrophages, AMPK was not responsive to the M2 stimulus of interleukin‐4. Our observations revealed differences in the cellular properties of macrophages and osteoclasts as well as the complexity of regulatory mechanisms for osteoclast functions.
The combinatorial game Nofil played on Steiner triple systems
Authors: Huggan Melissa A. , Huntemann Svenja , Stevens Brett 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe introduce an impartial combinatorial game on Steiner triple systems called Next One to Fill Is the Loser (N
ofil)
. Players move alternately, choosing points of the triple system. If a player is forced to fill a block on their turn, they lose. By computing nim‐values, we determine optimal strategies for N
ofil on all Steiner triple systems up to order 15 and a sampling for orders 19, 21 and 25. The game N
ofil can be thought of in terms of play on a corresponding hypergraph which will become a graph during play. At that point N
ofil is equivalent to playing the game N
ode K
ayles on the graph. We prove necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for a graph to reached playing N
ofil. We conclude that the complexity of determining the outcome of the game N
ofil on Steiner triple systems is PSPACE‐complete for randomized reductions.
The effect of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor dose and administration interval after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation on early engraftment of neutrophil and platelet
Authors: Noorazar Leila , Bonakchi Hossein , Sankanian Ghazaleh , Parkhideh Sayeh , Salimi Maryam , Hajifathali Abbas , Mirfakhraie Reza , Roshandel Elham 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is one of the treatments for hematologic malignancies. Numerous factors affect the HSCT outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of post‐HSCT administration of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (post‐G‐CSF) on early neutrophil and platelet engraftment in allogeneic HSCT (allo‐HSCT).Material & methodsThe study was performed on 76 patients diagnosed with AML and ALL. All patients underwent allo‐HSCT at Taleghani stem cell transplantation center, Tehran, Iran, from February 2016 to December 2018. Chemotherapy regimens based on patients' conditions were selected between myeloablative and reduced‐intensity regimens.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed that the number of administered G‐CSF units after HSCT was a time‐dependent variable. Statistical analysis before day +11 reported that patients who received G‐CSF <14 units had three times better early neutrophil engraftment than those with G‐CSF ≥14 (CI 95%, AHR = 3.03, p:0.002). CD3+ cells count <318.5 × 106/kg was associated with fast platelet engraftment (CI 95%, AHR 2.28, p:0.01).ConclusionIn this study, post‐G‐CSF stimulation was associated with early engraftment in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Administration of G‐CSF beyond 14 units resulted in adverse effects on neutrophil early engraftment. It also appeared that with a reduction in CD3+ cell counts, the likelihood of GVHD decreases, and platelet engraftment occurs earlier. Further investigations in the future are required to determine the factors affecting the process of early engraftment.
The use of trial‐level bias scores to examine attention bias and attention bias variability among people with and without social anxiety disorder
Authors: Gade Praful R. , Molloy Anthony , Anderson Page L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCognitive models of anxiety propose that people with anxiety disorders show elevated levels of attention bias toward threat, but the most commonly used index of attention bias, which measures the construct with an aggregate score of multiple trials across an experimental session, shows poor test‐retest reliability. Newer indices that measure attention bias dynamically on a trial‐to‐trial basis show good reliability and enable researchers to measure not only overall attention bias toward threat, but also attention bias variability.MethodsThe current study tested the hypothesis that people diagnosed with social anxiety disorder would show higher attention bias variability and higher attention bias toward threat when calculated dynamically and when calculated using the traditional aggregate index. Participants diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (n = 47) and controls (n = 57) completed a 160‐trial version of the dot‐probe task using emotional and neutral images of faces as stimuli.ResultsRelative to controls, participants diagnosed with social anxiety disorder showed higher mean bias toward threat, but only when calculated using trial‐level bias scores. There were no differences between groups on attention bias variability.DiscussionThis is the first study to examine differences in attention bias and attention bias variability between people with and without social anxiety disorder using trial‐level bias scores. Results suggest that attention bias, but not attention bias variability, is a feature of social anxiety psychopathology and that trial‐level bias scores may be more sensitive than aggregated mean scores to detect it. These findings have implications for clinical interventions such as attention bias modification programs, which require precise measures of attention bias to accurately assess treatment outcomes.