bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of novel uniform/gradient auxetic structures made of CFRP composites
Authors: Li Zhen‐Yu , Wang Wei‐Jing , Li Hong‐Ze , Yang Jin‐Shui , Zhang Wei‐Ming , Wang Xin‐Tao , Xiong Jian , Hu Hong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) auxetic composite structures have attracted an increasing attention in recent years due to their lightweight and superior mechanical properties compared with traditional auxetic structures. However, most of the reported all‐CFRP auxetic structures are often accompanied with cliff‐like stress drops during the failure process, resulting in lower energy absorption. This paper reports the design, fabrication and characterization of a novel type of all‐CFRP petal‐like auxetic structures with lightweight, high‐strength, and good energy absorptive properties. Four uniform/gradient petal‐like structures were first made with different angle values and continuous CFRP composites. Then, their mechanical properties, Poisson's ratio and failure mechanism under quasi‐static compression loading were analyzed. Based on the quasi‐static experimental results, the gradient structure constructed with different cells of varying angles was further selected to study its dynamic response under different initial impact energies and impact positions. The results show that the novel petal‐like structures made of continuous CFRP composites can maintain good auxetic properties even under large deformation. Impressively, these structures exhibit a stress plateau phase during compression, indicative of exceptional energy absorption capabilities. The results of low velocity point impact tests also show that the displacement of the initial peak and the number of peaks in the load–displacement curves are significantly influenced by changes in impact position and energy. This research offers a valuable insight into developing and fabricating all‐CFRP auxetic structures with superior energy absorption characteristics.Highlights
Auxetic structures with high EA capacity are designed and fabricated.
Their mechanical properties under static and dynamic loads are studied.
The position and energy of impact have a significant impact on performance.
The all‐CFRP auxetic structure exhibits abundant failure forms.
PVDF‐based energetic films with high output performance: Synergistic effect based on Al/Ti
Authors: Chen Lejian , Xiao Xianghong , Yuan Haofang , Chen Hongyu , Zhou Yuxuan , Ye Yinghua , Shen RuiQi , Wu Lizhi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the ongoing advancement of miniaturization and microfabrication, Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical Systems (MEMS) energetic devices are increasingly demanding higher output capabilities from energetic materials. This study investigates the incorporation of Titanium (Ti) into PVDF‐based energetic films to improve their performance. We fabricated five Al/Ti/CuO/PVDF energetic composite films with varying Ti contents by direct ink writing (DIW). The results indicate that the Al/Ti/CuO/PVDF films demonstrate superior performance compared to Al/CuO/PVDF(AT‐0). Notably, the 50 wt% Al/50 wt% Ti/CuO/PVDF (AT‐50) film achieved optimal performance, exhibiting a 68% increase in combustion rate compared to the AT‐0 film. Additionally, it showed a reduction in ignition delay time by 6 ms, an increase in flame temperature of 160.9 K, a 24% rise in maximum pressure, a pressurization rate enhancement of 117%, and an overall increase in heat release of 26.8%. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of the Al/Ti bimetallic fuels, where their close contact creates an alloying reaction that releases a large amount of heat and avoids the detrimental effects of Al sintering. This Al/Ti/CuO/PVDF energetic composite film, characterized by its exceptional synergistic mechanism and high energy output, holds significant promise for integration with MEMS devices, paving the way for innovative applications in micro‐ignition, micro‐propulsion, and micro‐startup technologies.Highlights
Ti was added to the PVDF‐based energetic films to form the dual‐fuel system.
The Al/Ti dual‐fuel has a synergistic effect to improve output performance.
The 50wt%Al/50wt%Ti/CuO/PVDF film can achieve optimal output performance.
The Effect of 3000 K LED Lamps on the Photosynthesis and Morphology of Deciduous Tree Species
Authors: Kolman Flóra , Kolláth Zoltán , Molnár Péter , Skribanek Anna 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe effect of artificial light at night (ALAN) on plants is a less explored area within light pollution research. This is especially true for the physiological parameters of photosynthesis of woody plants. The physiological and morphological values of nineteen deciduous urban tree species illuminated by street lamps with a color temperature of 3000 K were examined for light‐polluted and non‐light‐polluted leaves. The morphological studies covered leaf macromorphology (leaf length, leaf width, and biomass production) and histological development (height of the dorsal epidermis and palisade parenchyma, width of photosynthesizing ground tissue and the leaf). The fluorescence yield of the photochemical system II and the net photosynthesis and transpiration of the leaves exposed to different light conditions were determined in the photosynthetic physiology studies. The species included in the research react differently to artificial light, some are able to utilize the extra lighting at night, while others are negatively affected. In this way, the species can be grouped according to their sensitivity to light pollution. The impact of street lights on vegetation can be easily detected by the combined treatment of micromorphological and photosynthetic physiology tests, macromorphological values are not suitable parameters.
Characteristics, proficiency profile, and specialty perceptions of Peruvian physiatrists: A survey study
Authors: De la Cerna‐Luna Roger , Fernandez‐Guzman Daniel , Santayana‐Calisaya Nives , Velez de Villa‐Velarde Analia , Ylaquita‐Chicata Fernando , Casas‐Flores Nataly , Valladolid‐Evaristo Carol 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundDespite the growth of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) in recent years, the same cannot be said for its workforce conditions. Although various issues regarding the reality of the physiatry workforce have been reported, no studies were found that have evaluated it in Peru.ObjectiveTo assess characteristics, proficiency profile, and specialty perceptions of Peruvian physiatrists.DesignCross‐sectional survey, designed and validated by the Peruvian Society of PM&R.SettingOnline anonymous and voluntary questionnaire.ParticipantsOne hundred five Peruvian physiatrists.InterventionsDuring August 2023, after approval from the ethics committee, a Google Forms questionnaire was shared with the participants via WhatsApp, providing information about study details. Responses were monitored through direct communication with each participant.Main Outcome MeasuresTwenty‐four questions covering sociodemographic data, training‐related characteristics, work‐related characteristics, proficiency perceptions, and specialty perceptions.ResultsMost surveyed physiatrists were females (80%) and completed residency between 2017 and 2022 (46.7%). Only 2.8% had pursued a subspecialty fellowship; 41.9% were involved in teaching and easily found employment after residency. Most worked in the public sector (82.9%) and had a permanent employment status under the 728 regime (33.3%). Most reported having much proficiency (Level 3) in all competency domains. Mastery in ultrasound (US) (10.2%) and electrodiagnostic medicine (EDX) (4.1%) was reported mainly by those completing residency between 2017 and 2022. Only 2.9% reported ability to conduct scientific research. Overall satisfaction with the specialty was high (75.2%).ConclusionsThe survey found that most of surveyed Peruvian physiatrists worked in the public sector, had permanent employment status, considered themselves highly proficient in all evaluated domains, reported low mastery in US and EDX, and were very satisfied with the specialty. Given the lack of literature, these findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and educators, highlighting key areas for improving conditions for the physiatry workforce.
PEG–mCherry interactions beyond classical macromolecular crowding
Authors: Haas‐Neill Liam , Joron Khalil , Lerner Eitan , Rauscher Sarah 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe dense cellular environment influences bio‐macromolecular structure, dynamics, interactions, and function. Despite advancements in understanding protein–crowder interactions, predicting their precise effects on protein structure and function remains challenging. Here, we elucidate the effects of PEG‐induced crowding on the fluorescent protein mCherry using molecular dynamics simulations and fluorescence‐based experiments. We identify and characterize specific PEG‐induced structural and dynamical changes in mCherry. Importantly, we find interactions in which PEG molecules wrap around specific surface‐exposed residues in a binding mode previously observed in protein crystal structures. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments capture PEG‐induced changes, including aggregation, suggesting a potential role for the specific PEG–mCherry interactions identified in simulations. Additionally, mCherry fluorescence lifetimes are influenced by PEG and not by the bulkier crowder dextran or by another linear polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, highlighting the importance of crowder–protein soft interactions. This work augments our understanding of macromolecular crowding effects on protein structure and dynamics.
Engineering IGF2 for Lysosome‐targeting chimeras development to target drug‐resistant membrane proteins in tumor therapy
Authors: Pan Yanchao , Xiang Qing , Deng Kai , Anwar Muhammad I. , Wang Leiming , Wang Yuan , Liang Qiulian , Shen Lirou , Yang Jing , Hou Zhongyu , Shen Weijun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLysosome‐targeting chimeras (LYTACs) represent a promising approach for the targeted degradation of membrane proteins. Currently, two primary methods for LYTAC development involve chemically modified antibodies and wild‐type insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) fusion proteins (iLYTACs). However, LYTACs necessitate intricate chemical modification processes, while wild‐type IGF2 in iLYTAC technology binds to IGF1R, potentially triggering carcinogenesis. To tackle this challenge, we introduce specific IGF2R‐binding lysosomal targeting chimeras (sLYTACs), a novel technology utilizing engineered IGF2 mutant fusion antibodies for the degradation of endogenous membrane proteins. Diverging from iLYTACs, sLYTACs exhibit selective binding to IGF2R with increased affinity, significantly bolstering the anti‐proliferative impact on drug‐resistant tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. By effectively degrading third‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor‐resistant EGFR mutants, masking binding epitope HER2, and concurrently targeting compensatory receptors interacting with these proteins, sLYTACs show great promise in drug development to overcome bypass signaling and combat drug resistance in tumors.
Functional characterization of two AA10 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases from Cellulomonas gelida
Authors: Turunen Rosaliina , Tuveng Tina R. , Forsberg Zarah , Schiml Valerie C. , Eijsink Vincent G. H. , Arntzen Magnus Ø. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are redox enzymes targeting the crystalline region of recalcitrant polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. Functional characterization of two LPMOs from the cellulose‐degrading soil bacterium Cellulomonas gelida, CgLPMO10A and CgLPMO10B, showed expected activities on cellulose but also revealed novel features of AA10 LPMOs. While clustering together with strictly C1‐oxidizing and strictly cellulose‐active AA10 LPMOs, CgLPMO10A exhibits activity on both cellulose and chitin, oxidizing the C1 carbon of both substrates. This combination of substrate and oxidative specificity has not been previously observed for family 10 LPMOs and may be due to a conspicuous divergence in two hydrophobic residues on the substrate‐binding surface. CgLPMO10B oxidizes cellulose at both the C1 and C4 positions and is also active on chitin, in line with predictions based on phylogeny. Interestingly, while coming from the same organism and both acting on cellulose, the two enzymes have markedly different redox properties with CgLPMO10B displaying the lowest redox potential and the highest oxidase activity observed for an AA10 LPMO so far. These results provide insight into the LPMO machinery of C. gelida and expand the known catalytic repertoire of bacterial LPMOs.
Stabilization of a protein by a single halogen‐based aromatic amplifier
Authors: El Hage Krystel , Dhayalan Balamurugan , Chen Yen‐Shan , Phillips Nelson B. , Whittaker Jonathan , Carr Kelley , Whittaker Linda , Phillips Manijeh H. , Ismail‐Beigi Faramarz , Meuwly Markus , Weiss Michael A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe utility of halogenation in protein design is investigated by a combination of quantitative atomistic simulations and experiment. Application to insulin is of complementary basic and translational interest. In a singly halogenated aromatic ring, regiospecific inductive effects were predicted to modulate multiple surrounding electrostatic (weakly polar) interactions, thereby amplifying changes in thermodynamic stability. In accordance with the simulations, we demonstrated stabilization of insulin by single halogen atoms at the ortho position of an invariant phenylalanine (2‐F‐PheB24, 2‐Cl‐PheB24, and 2‐Br‐PheB24; ΔΔGu = −0.5 to −1.0 kcal/mol) located at the edge of a protein crevice; corresponding meta and para substitutions had negligible effects. Although receptor‐binding affinities were generally decreased (in accordance with packing of the native Phe at the hormone‐receptor interface), the ortho‐analogs retained biological activity in mammalian cells and in a rat model of diabetes mellitus. Further, the ortho‐modified analogs exhibited enhanced resistance to fibrillation above room temperature in two distinct assays of physical stability. Regiospecific halo‐aromatic stabilization may thus augment the shelf life of pharmaceutical insulin formulations under real‐world conditions. This approach, extending principles of medicinal chemistry, promises to apply to a broad range of therapeutic proteins and vaccines whose biophysical stabilization would enhance accessibility in the developing world.
Controlled by disorder: Phosphorylation modulates SRSF1 domain availability for spliceosome assembly
Authors: Fargason Talia , Powell Erin , De Silva Naiduwadura Ivon Upekala , Paul Trenton , Zhang Zihan , Prevelige Peter , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSerine/arginine‐rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) is key in the mRNA lifecycle including transcription, splicing, nonsense‐mediated decay, and nuclear export. Consequently, its dysfunction is linked to cancers, viral evasion, and developmental disorders. The functionality of SRSF1 relies on its interactions with other proteins and RNA molecules. These processes are regulated by phosphorylation of its unstructured arginine/serine‐rich tail (RS). Here, we characterize how phosphorylation affects SRSF1's protein and RNA interaction and phase separation. Using NMR paramagnetic relaxation enhancement and chemical shift perturbation, we find that when unphosphorylated, SRSF1's RS interacts with its first RNA‐recognition motif (RRM1). Phosphorylation of RS decreases its interactions with the protein‐binding site of RRM1 and increases its interactions with the RNA‐binding site of RRM1. This change in SRSF1's intramolecular interactions increases the availability of protein‐interacting sites on RRM1 and weakens RNA binding of SRSF1. Phosphorylation alters the phase separation of SRSF1 by diminishing the role of arginine in intermolecular interactions. These findings provide an unprecedented view of how SRSF1 influences the early‐stage spliceosome assembly.
Quantum Neural Network Boosting Identifying Orbital Angular Momentum Modes
Authors: Merabet Badreddine , Li Liulin , Shah Syed Afaq Ali , Guo Zhongyi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractQuantum machine learning (QML) offers a breakthrough by producing atypical patterns that classical systems cannot efficiently produce. This study explores quantum neural networks (QNN) for classifying orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. A fully quantum model achieving 99.8% accuracy across 10 OAM classes and a hybrid ConvQuantum model reaching accuracy levels of 99.8% under atmospheric turbulence strength (AT) of is developed. The ConvQuantum model significantly reduces prediction time, averaging 0.00025 s per sample, which is essential for real‐time free space optical (FSO) communication. To demonstrate quantum technology's potential in OAM‐FSO communication, a 100 × 100 grayscale image is successfully transmitted, and compared the results with several known models in the field, including feedforward neural networks (FNN), convolutional neural network (CNN), and a vision transformer (ViT) model. The findings indicate that the QNN models outperform classical approaches in calculation time, showcasing the efficiency and enhanced processing power of quantum computing in OAM‐FSO communication.
Endobronchial Aspergilloma
Authors: Shimamura So , Takahashi Nozomu , Homma Kenta , Satoh Tsukasa , Furuya Satoshi , Ohkoshi Hiroki , Hoshino Yuki , Uchida Yoshinori , Saiki Masafumi , Ikemura Shinnosuke , Soejima Kenzo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBronchial aspergilloma, an uncommon subtype of pulmonary aspergilloma, likely developed in the main bronchus due to airflow stagnation and dryness following lobectomy. Detailed imaging and bronchoscopy provided valuable diagnostic insights, underscoring the importance of considering fungal infections in surgically altered airways.
Capricious Radiographic Presentations of Pulmonary Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma Raise Diagnostic Challenges
Authors: Huang Chao‐Hsin , Kao Chieh‐Ni , Tsai Kun‐Bow , Chou Ping‐Ruey , Chou Shah‐Hwa , Liu Yu‐Wei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) cases are often asymptomatic and exhibit various imaging patterns, posing diagnostic challenges and frequently mimicking malignancies or other atypical histologies. Herein, we present three cases of PBML in women, each with distinct radiographic features, all managed through surgical interventions. These cases underscore the importance of early detection for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, they highlight the need to consider PBML as a differential diagnosis in women with a history of uterine leiomyoma presenting with indeterminate lung masses and diverse radiographic findings.
Lifesaving Sign in Non‐Contrast CT Scan in the Case of Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Hajinoormohammadi Elaheh , Amini Hesam , Malekshahian Sara , Soltanmohammadi Sara 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe two most important signs of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a non‐contrast CT scan include wedge‐shaped sub‐pleural opacity surrounded by an air‐space consolidation, along with a ground‐glass opacity in the center consistent with pulmonary infarction, also known as the reverse halo sign and the hyperdense lumen sign.
Comparative Elemental Analysis of Commercial Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelets Along the Production Chain With X‐Ray Photoelectron and Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Madbouly Loay Akmal , Mrkwitschka Paul , Stockmann Jörg Manfred , Jones Elliot , Radnik Jörg , Hodoroaba Vasile‐Dan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGraphene has been commercialized for over a decade, primarily in the form of suspensions and inks. In this study, we investigate the properties of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and their functionalized derivatives, incorporating fluorine or nitrogen as functional groups (FG). The analysis was conducted on three forms, that is, powders, suspensions, and inks, using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The objective of this work is to establish a rapid and comprehensive systematic approach for elemental analysis of commercial functionalized graphene, which can be used for quality control. Functionalization is employed to tailor the material's physical and chemical properties. In our study, graphene samples, functionalized with fluorine or ammonia in a plasma reactor, were investigated. Both XPS and EDX were applicable for all three forms and showed, in general, similar trends between the three forms, so that both XPS and EDX can be used for quality control of GNPs along the production chain.
Towards a New Reference Material—Analytical Challenges in Examining High‐Entropy Alloy Thin Films
Authors: John Elisabeth , Weise Matthias , Radnik Jörg , Stockmann Jörg M. , Lange Thorid , Sahre Mario , Hodoroaba Vasile‐Dan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA new high‐entropy alloy (HEA) consisting of titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, and nickel was deposited as a thin‐film on silicon substrates using magnetron sputtering from a novel segmented target composed of metal stripes. This material was explored with the goal to create a new reference material for surface analysis and evaluation of complex composite materials. The film's morphology was initially characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), followed by crystallographic analysis using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The two‐dimensional compositional homogeneity was assessed using a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The in‐depth chemical composition was further analysed using ToF‐SIMS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to produce thin HEA films with a homogeneous in‐depth composition from a segmented target. Notably, despite the fixed composition of the target, we were able to vary the HEA's composition by exploiting inhomogeneities within the magnetrons sputter plasma. Additionally, we successfully created HEA films with significant compositional gradients.
Binding Mechanism Between Iron‐Related Proteins (Catalase and Transferrin) and Favipiravir
Authors: Shahraki Somaye , Shiri Fereshteh , Nejat Razieh , Heidari Ameneh , Razmara Zohreh , Shahraki Kobra 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe study of protein‐drug interactions has become important in describing drug properties. Favipiravir (Fav) is an RNA polymerase inhibitor used to treat a wide range of influenza viruses. This drug, which is taken orally, can be quickly and widely absorbed in the body. Here, the interaction of Fav with two Fe‐related proteins, Catalase (CAT) and Transferrin (TF), was investigated by spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. The results showed that Fav can strongly interact with two Fe‐proteins and quench their intrinsic fluorescence through a static mechanism. The affinity of Fav to CAT and TF was almost close to each other and with the order of 106 M−1 (Kb = 9.54 × 106 M−1 for Fav‐TF and 10.71 × 106 M−1 for Fav‐CAT at 310 K). The binding of the Fav to the proteins changed their conformation to some extent and the stability of the proteins decreased. Molecular docking results showed the best binding site of Fav on both TF and CAT along with the types of interactions involved. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions were the predominant forces observed between Fav and the two proteins. Accessible surface area strongly supports the successful binding of Fav to both TF and CAT.