bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Margin Evaluation for FELI Fuel Assemblies During an Accidental Vessel Draining
Authors: Ambrosek Richard G. , Ingram Fred W. , Hawkes Grant L. , Sterbentz Jim W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Safety requirements many times require specific evaluations for experiment operating conditions during periods of postulated off-normal operation. A unique experimental facility in the Advanced Test Reactor was designed for enhancement of the neutron flux in an irradiation position, large “I”, in the reflector region. Requirements for the facility necessitated analysis of the enhancement fuel to demonstrate that melting of the fuel element cladding would not occur during a loss of coolant event during reactor shutdown. The response of the fuel elements was evaluated using computer software that allowed detailed evaluations of the gamma heating magnitude and deposition fraction, natural convection cooling, prediction of heat transfer coefficients, and detailed finite element modeling for prediction of the temperature magnitudes and profile.
Experimental Laboratory Research on Computer-Aided System for Determining Fluid Flow Patterns in Air-Water Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Keska Jerry K. , Smith Michael D. , Dolan Quinn F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Measurements and monitoring of flow patterns are one of the most important parameters in many industrial processes such as mass transfer in all types of reactors, heat exchangers, and tribo systems. The objective of this paper is to report and analyze the experimental data obtained in the process of development of Computer-Aided Measurement System of flow patterns based on in-situ mixture dynamic parameters. The measurement systems of in-situ parameters are interfaced with a Computer-Aided-Data-Acquisition-System (CADAS). The developed apparatus allowed measurement of the in-situ flow parameters of the mixture simultaneously including concentration and pressures monitored in large and small time scales. Using a previously developed computer-aided-measurement system and electronic sensors, experimental data of in-situ spatial concentration, in-situ gas/liquid velocities, pressures, and other parameters were obtained for steady-state conditions in an adiabatic two phase air-water flow system which consisted of a small square vertical channel.
Cooperative Learning in an Introductory Heat Transfer Class
Authors: Boehm Robert F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A description is given of an introductory heat transfer class offered in a “cooperative learning” format. The emphasis of the course was to develop analysis skills of the class members. Groups of three students spent most of the class time working problems collectively. Various aspects of arranging this type of course are summarized, including the steps to be taken prior to the beginning of the term, as well as those elements that were handled on a day-today basis. The benefits and drawbacks of this type of approach are outlined.
Feasibility Study of a Hybrid Combustion-Fuel Cell Cogeneration Plant: A Senior Design Project Case Study
Authors: Manno Vincent P. , Friend Katherine K. , Nelson Emilie R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is a case study of a senior level project on cogeneration for the Tufts University Medford, MA campus. Eight students were involved — six in the BSME program and two in the BSEnvE program. Through brainstorming and collaborative planning, students developed a “Proposal Document” which defined the study objectives, milestone schedules and deliverables. The student team was then divided into technical and project functional groups. Electronic communication was utilized but “face-to-face” meetings were crucial for maintaining progress. The student team evaluated whole campus and part-campus possibilities taking into account thermal and electrical demand profiles and local infrastructure. The outcome design featured a hybrid conventional combustion/molten carbonate fuel cell system to supply all electrical and partial thermal demands for a complex of buildings housing classrooms, gymnasium facilities and a new field house. Engineering specifications were developed and civil engineering and siting constraints were analyzed. Technology selection was driven not only by engineering constraints but also by student interest in exploring emerging technologies (fuel cells). The team presented written and oral reports to student peers, faculty, university personnel and outside experts.
The paper provides an analysis of outcomes, assessments and satisfaction level. High course satisfaction and above average workloads were reported. The paper concludes with an elucidation of lessons learned including project execution, team makeup and background, the proper focus of design project courses, and the synthesis and integration of knowledge. Even in this small, relatively homogeneous mix of students, attention to bridging interdisciplinary gaps was required. Experience from this and similar courses indicate that the goal of capstone “synthesizing” experiences is flawed if the tendency towards “disciplinarity” in undergraduate education continues.
Critical Radius for Radial Heat Conduction: A Necessary Criterion but Not Always Sufficient
Authors: Kulkarni M. R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Use of the critical radius for radial heat conduction in thermal insulation systems has been widely reported in the literature. When it is desirable to increase heat dissipation, this critical radius can be used in a definitive manner to maximize the heat dissipation. However, if it is desirable to decrease heat gain or heat loss, the critical radius only serves as a necessary condition, but it is not sufficient. To address design of such thermal systems, a new crossover radius is introduced. A crossover radius is a radius greater than the critical radius and is defined such that the heat transfer with the corresponding amount of insulating material is equal to that of the bare thermal system. Both cylindrical and spherical systems are considered.
Snap-Lock Beads Danger Analysis
Authors: Brickman Dennis B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A tragic accident occurred when a 16 month old child fell face down and an oblong plastic toy snap-lock bead lodged in his throat obstructing his airway. Approaches utilized in the danger analysis include safety and medical literature review, codes and standards research, accident statistics survey, and evaluation of alternative snap-lock beads designs. Results of the danger analysis indicate that there are technically and economically feasible design alternatives which prevent the snap-lock beads from blocking the user’s airway.
Ohio River Mainstem Systems Study Lock and Dam Risk and Reliability
Authors: Schaaf David M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Ohio River is one of the busiest inland waterways in the world. It stretches from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to its confluence with the Mississippi River, a reach of 981 river miles (1579 km). Over 240 million tons (217,724 million kg) of cargo are shipped on the Ohio River annually. Additionally, a large number of recreational and other craft use the river. There are 19 high-lift lock and dams on the Ohio River of various ages and capacities.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is presently conducting the Ohio River Mainstem Systems Study (ORMSS). Lock and dams are generally designed for a 50-yr service life. As projects approach the end of their initial design life, USACE investigates the need for rehabilitation of the existing project to extend their service life. The study will address a master funding plan for all 19 lock and dams along the Ohio River for the time period 2000–2060. Because of the variation in ages, traffic levels, and maintenance history at the different projects along the Ohio River, the study will use both engineering and economic modeling to determine when and where improvements should be implemented during the study period.
Fire Safety in Nuclear Power Plants: A Risk-Informed and Performance-Based Approach
Authors: Azarm Mohamed A. , Travis Richard J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The consideration of risk in regulatory decision-making has long been a part of NRC’s policy and practice. Initially, these considerations were qualitative and were based on risk insights. The early regulations relied on good practices, past insights, and accepted standards. As a result, most NRC regulations were prescriptive and were applied uniformly to all areas within the regulatory scope. Risk technology is changing regulations by prioritizing the areas within regulatory scope based on risk, thereby focusing on the risk-important areas. Performance technology, on the other hand, is changing the regulations by allowing requirements to be adjusted based on the specific performance expected and manifested, rather than a prior prescriptive requirement. Consistent with the objectives of risk-informed and performance-based regulatory requirements, BNL evaluated the feasibility of applying risk- and performance-technologies to modifying NRC’s current regulations on fire protection for nuclear power plants.(1) This feasibility study entailed several case studies (trial applications). This paper describes the results of two of them. Besides the case studies, the paper discusses an overall evaluation of methodologies for fire-risk analysis to support the risk-informed regulation. It identifies some current shortcomings and proposes some near-term solutions.
Analysis of the Convergent Channel as an Extensional Rheometer
Authors: Souza Mendes P. R. , Thompson R. L. , Nieckele A. O. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An important aspect while designing an “R2 z = constant” convergent channel as an extensional rheometer is the appropriate choice of the geometrical parameters and of the Reynolds number range of operation. The higher is the Reynolds number value, the thinner will be the boundary layer where the undesirable no-slip effect is confined, as discussed in the literature. However, if the Reynolds number, Re, is too large, then shear-related pressure losses become important, which is also undesirable in rheometry. Therefore, one design task is to find a range of Re within which the boundary layer is thin enough, and the velocity field in most of the domain is reasonably close to the desired kinematics. In this work we obtained numerical solutions for the flow of Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids through a convergent channel, for representative ranges of Re, dimensionless channel length, L, and dimensionless axial coordinate of inlet section, z0. For all cases, we determined fields of flow type, where regions of shear and of extension can be visualized. Among other findings, it is shown that, depending on the geometrical and flow characteristics, most of the mechanical energy dissipated can be due to shear effects, so that the extensional viscosity cannot be determined via pressure drop measurements.
Multiparticle Settling in Non-Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Zhu Qinsheng , Clark Peter E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The settling of particles in non-Newtonian fluids is an important topic in industries from pharmaceuticals and foods to mineral extraction and construction. A large body of experimental work is available on single particle settling in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Multi-particle systems are less well studied. Most reported work in multiparticle systems has been in Newtonian fluids. Recently, there has been increasing interest in multiparticle settling in non-Newtonian fluids. This paper will review some of the more important of these studies and present some new data on periodic motion observed in systems of three or more particles.
Anomalous Wall Effects in Parallel Plate Torsional Flow of Highly Concentrated Emulsions
Authors: Pal Rajinder 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rheological behaviour of a highly concentrated oil-in-water emulsion (75.1% by volume oil) was studied employing parallel plate torsional flows, with main emphasis on the wall effects. The steady shear and oscillatory shear data were collected with a controlled stress rheometer using smooth and serrated parallel plate geometries. The effect of the gap-height (between the parallel plates) on the rheological properties was also determined. When a serrated parallel plate geometry is used, the wall (slip) effects are found to be negligible. The data obtained by employing various gap heights overlap with each other. However, in a smooth parallel plate geometry, the emulsion behaviour is strongly affected by slip at the wall. The data obtained by employing various gap heights are different. In the absence of wall effects, the emulsion exhibits a highly nonlinear behaviour characterized by yield stress and high values of storage modulus.
Rheology and Stability of Emulsion Liquid Membranes
Authors: Pal Rajinder 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rheological properties of a series of oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) types emulsion liquid membrane systems were measured using a controlled-stress rheometer. The effect of storage time (aging) on the rheological properties was also determined. The fresh O/W/O type emulsion liquid membranes exhibited a power-law non-Newtonian behaviour at high values of the primary emulsion concentration. Also, the viscosity increased with the increase in the total dispersed phase concentration. Upon aging, the viscosity of the O/W/O type emulsion liquid membrane decreased significantly. The photomicrographs indicated a decrease in the diameter of the multiple droplets due to expulsion of internal phase droplets to the external phase. The fresh W/O/W type emulsion liquid membrane (primary emulsion volume fraction of 0.692) exhibited a highly nonlinear behaviour. With the increase in the shear stress, the viscosity first decreased substantially. However, at some critical shear stress, a sharp increase in viscosity was observed indicating shear-thickening effect. The shear-thickening effect observed in W/O/W type systems was due to phase inversion; the W/O/W type emulsion liquid membrane system inverted to water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion at high shear stresses. Upon aging, the viscosity of the W/O/W type emulsion liquid membrane initially increased with an increase in storage time and then decreased with a further increase in storage time. The photomicrographs indicated swelling of dispersed droplets initially with the increase in storage time. The droplet size, however, decreased significantly with further increase in storage time. The changes in the rheological properties with aging are explained in terms of droplet size changes that occur during aging.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Stress Response Analysis of Laminated Cantilever Beams With Adhesive Layers Subjected to Impact Loadings
Authors: Shimura Jyo , Higuchi Izumi , Sawa Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The stress behavior in adhesive laminated cantilever beams subjected to impact loadings is analyzed using three-dimensional finite-element method (FEM) in the elastic region. The stress wave propagation and the stress distribution at the interfaces are examined. The effects of Young’s modulus of adherends, adhesive, the adherend thickness and the number of layers on the stress wave propagation at the interfaces are clarified. The following results are obtained. The maximum principal stress (σ1) is maximal at the adhesive interfaces. It is found that the maximum principal stress (σ1) at the adhesive interface increases as the Young’s modulus of the upper adherends increases. The maximum principal stress (σ1) at the adhesive interface increases as Young’s modulus of the adhesive increases. The maximum principal stress (σ1) at the adhesive interface decreases as the thickness of the adherend to which an impact load is applied increases. It is seen that the maximum principal stress (σ1) increases as number of layers increases. Experiments were carried out to measure the strain response of adhesive laminated cantilever beam using strain gauges. A fairly good agreement is seen between the analytical and experimental results.
Fundamental Frequencies of Uniaxial Composite Barrel and Hyperboloidal Springs
Authors: Yildirim Vebil , Sancaktar Erol , Kiral Erhan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The fundamental natural frequencies of uniaxial composite non-cylindrical helical springs (barrel and hyperboloidal types) are determined theoretically based on the transfer matrix method. The rotary inertia, shear and axial deformation effects are considered with the first order shear deformation theory. The overall transfer matrix is obtained by integrating the twelve scalar ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients governing the free vibration behavior of non-cylindrical helical springs made of an anisotropic material. Numerical results are verified with the reported values for isotropic non-cylindrical helices. A parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of the number of active coils (n = 5–0), the helix pitch angle (α = 5° and 25°), the ratio of the minimum to maximum cylinder radii (Rmin/Rmax), and the ratio of the maximum cylinder diameter to the wire diameter (Dmax/d) on the fundamental free vibration frequencies of constant-pitch composite barrel and hyperboloidal helical springs with circular section and fixed-fixed ends.
Stress Analysis of Shrink Fitted Joints of Solid Shafts and Three-Dimensional Photoelastic Experiment
Authors: Nakagawa Fumito , Sawa Toshiyuki , Nakano Yuichi , Katsuo Masahide , Yoneno Masahiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, shrink fitted joints of solid shaft and ring made of epoxide resin were assembled and photoelastic experiments were carried out. Isochromatic fringe patterns in the shrink fitted joint were measured using the three-dimensional stress freezing method. Then, the contact stress distributions in the shrink fitted joint of the ring and the solid shaft were analyzed using the finite element method. The three models, i.e., with slip, without slip and with partial slip at the interface were analyzed and the results were compared. The effects of chamfer at the edge of the interface and the material properties of the ring (hollow cylinder) on the contact stress distributions were examined.
Numerical Study of Unsteadiness in a Jet-in-Crossflow
Authors: He Guangbin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We have performed numerical studies on unsteady flow characteristics of a round turbulent jet discharging normally into a crossflow. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were solved with the standard k-ε turbulence model. A viscous flow past a circular cylinder and Taylor problem in which an analytical solution is available were used to validate the unsteady numerical scheme. The unsteady calculations of the jet-in-crossflow reproduced the flow structures including the periodically oscillating wake structures, the jet shear-layer vortices, and the counter-rotating vortex pairs. The time-averaged prediction of velocity fields derived from the unsteady solution was fairly improved. Characteristic oscillating frequencies, namely Strouhal numbers under various jet diameters and crossflow velocities, were accurately predicted.
On Suddenly Expanding Non-Isothermal Pipe Flows of a Bingham Fluid
Authors: Hammad Khaled J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The non-isothermal laminar flow of the Bingham non-Newtonian fluid through a sudden pipe expansion is investigated. The governing equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy are solved using the finite-difference numerical technique. The effects of non-dimensional yield stress, Reynolds number, Prandtl number and Brinkman number on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are studied. The obtained results indicate the complex nature of the present non-Newtonian fluid flow and heat transfer problem and reveal new features not encountered in the case of Newtonian fluids.
Computerized Model of Transition in Circular Pipe Flows: Part 1 — Experimental Definition of the Problem
Authors: Kanda Hidesada 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A conceptual model was constructed for the problem of determining in circular pipes the conditions under which the transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs, so that it becomes possible to calculate the minimum critical Reynolds number. Up until now this problem has been investigated by stability theory with disturbances at the pipe inlet. However, the minimum critical Reynolds number has not yet been obtained theoretically. Hence, the author took up the problem directly from many previous experimental investigations and found that (i) plots of the transition length versus the Reynolds number show that the transition occurs in the entrance region under the condition of a natural disturbance, and (ii) plots of the critical Reynolds number versus the ratio of bellmouth diameter to the pipe diamter show that with larger shapes of bellmouths, laminar flow will persist to higher Reynolds numbers. The problem is thus defined clearly as: Under the condition of an ordinary disturbance, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs in the entrance region of a straight circular pipe, then the Reynolds number takes a minimum value of about 2000.
Effect of Crucible Conductivity on Large Diameter, Low Gravity, Bridgman Crystal Growth
Authors: Sahai Vivek , Williamson John W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study examines the effect of crucible conductivity in minimizing convection and solute segregation in a Bridgman crystal growth system. Crystal diameter to length ratios from 0.5 to 2.5 are considered. A quasi-steady state numerical method is used to model the directional solidification of gallium doped germanium. The coupled governing equations for the melt, solidified crystal, and the ampoule wall are solved subject to appropriate boundary and interface conditions to determine the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions. Results are presented at reduced gravity and include the effects of reducing the dimensionless ampoule conductivity from 0.67 to 0.05.
Methane seeps as refugia during ash falls in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America
Authors: Brophy Shannon K. , Garb Matthew P. , Naujokaityte Jone , Witts James D. , Landman Neil H. , Cochran J. Kirk , Brezina Jamie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Methane seeps host rich biotic communities, forming patchy yet highly productive ecosystems across the global ocean. Persistent hydrocarbon emissions fuel chemosynthetic food webs at seeps. Methane seeps were abundant in the Western Interior Seaway of North America during the Late Cretaceous. This area also experienced intermittent ash falls, which negatively impacted the marine fauna. We propose that methane seeps acted as refugia during these environmental perturbations. We report a laterally continuous bentonite within the upper Campanian Baculites compressus Zone of the Pierre Shale in southwestern South Dakota (USA) that fortuitously cuts across a methane seep deposit. We compare the macroinvertebrate record below and above the bentonite at seep and non-seep sites. Our results reveal that the paleocommunity (measured by abundance and diversity) was largely unaffected by the ash fall at the seep site, whereas it was significantly altered at the non-seep site. Thus, methane seeps in the Western Interior Seaway may have provided refuges or served as oases in the aftermath of severe environmental perturbations.