bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Gender-Specific Factors in the Choice of Specialty Training in Obstetrics and Gynecology – Results from a Survey Among Medical Students in Germany
Authors: Riedel Maximilian , Hennigs Andre , Dobberkau Anna Maria , Riedel Caroline , Bugaj Till Johannes , Nikendei Christoph , Amann Niklas , Karge Anne , Eisenkolb Gabriel , Tensil Maria , Recker Florian , Riedel Fabian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose The field of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) is facing growing competition for young professionals in Germany, with high interest rates among female graduates and a declining proportion of male students who choose residency training in the field. The aim of this study is to analyze general and gender-dependent factors that influence the decision for or against specialty training in OB/GYN among medical students in Germany. Methods Between February and November 2019, n = 346 medical students in their 5th and 6th year of undergraduate training at Heidelberg University received a questionnaire with 44 items. Results N = 286 students (61.3 female; 38.7% male) participated in the study. 28% of the female students and 9% of the male students had considered OB/GYN for their specialty training. The students reported different general and gender-specific influencing factors in their choice of a specialty. In comparison with their female colleagues, male students had heavily weighted factors related to their later careers and professional success, including competition among colleagues. Male students had gained little practical experience during compulsory internships (26.9% for females vs. 8.8% for males) or had chosen their final-year elective in OB/GYN (15.9% for females vs. 5.5% for males). Female students had worried about the negative effects of their sex on their career (35.4% for females vs. 5.9% for males). Conclusion OB/GYN must become more appealing and attractive to young female and male professionals alike. Better support for female clinicians in leadership positions should go hand in hand with the implementation of differentiated, (extra)curricular teaching approaches that take the different preferences of female and male students into account.
Long-term cognitive deficits after traumatic brain injury associated with microglia activation.
Authors: Saba Esber , Karout Mona , Nasralla Leila , Kobeissy Firas , Darwish Hala , Khoury Samia J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the most prevalent of all head injuries, and based on the severity of the injury, it may result in chronic neurologic and cognitive deficits. Microglia play an essential role in homeostasis and diseases of the central nervous system. We hypothesize that microglia may play a beneficial or detrimental role in TBI depending on their state of activation and duration.Methods: In the present study, we evaluated whether TBI results in a spatiotemporal change in microglia phenotype and whether it affects sensory-motor or learning and memory functions in male C57BL/6 mice. We used a panel of neurological and behavioral tests and a multi-color flow cytometry-based data analysis followed by unsupervised clustering to evaluate isolated microglia from injured brain tissue. Results: We characterized several microglial phenotypes and their association with cognitive deficits. TBI results in a spatiotemporal increase in highly activated microglia that correlated negatively with spatial learning and memory at 35 days post-injury.Conclusions: These observations could define therapeutic windows and accelerate translational research to improve patient outcomes.
Molecular Detection of Some Toxigenic Cyanobacteria in Tigris River in Baghdad–Iraq
Authors: Gummaa Noor Redha , Dwaish Ahmed Sahi , Hamzah Israa Hussein 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cyanobacteria and their emissions are becoming more widely reported around the world, posing a serious threat to both the environment and human health. Several orders of cyanobacteria have been identified to make cyanotoxin, the most common algal toxin. The aim of this research was to develop a method for detecting cylindrosprmopsin and saxitoxin biosynthesis genes in rivers .In November, December 2019 and January2020. Cyanobacteria were isolated from Tigris River freshwater and detected using a compound microscope as well as traditional PCR .All cyanobacteria isolates contained phycocyanin gene fragment. Five isolates of cyanobacteria in these study was successfully amplified a phycocyanin gene (Microcystis flosaquae, Microcystis sp, anabaena circinalis ,nostoc commune and westiellopsis prolifica) and all isolates successfully amplified aoaC gene to detecting the cylidrospemopsin and the saxitoxin. Our findings show that a PCR assay can be used to detect cylidrospemopsin and saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria in river water, which is useful for stations that prepare drinking water for the public.
Dissemination and Implementation of a Community Wide Campaign Model to Improve Fruit &amp; Vegetable Intake and Physical Activity Among Mexican Americans in the Texas-Mexico Border Region
Authors: Reininger Belinda M. , Mitchell-Bennett Lisa A. , Lee Minjae , Yeh Paul Gerardo , Xu Tianlin , Davé Amanda C. , Park Soo Kyung , Toro Alma G. Ochoa Del 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Evidence-based programs are slow to disseminate to create public health impact. Mexican Americans have low uptake of the modifiable healthy behaviors of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and physical activity (PA). This study analyzed the dissemination and implementation of an evidence-based community-wide campaign (CWC), Tu Salud ¡Si Cuenta! (TSSC), in augmenting these behaviors among Mexican Americans living along the U.S.-Mexico Border.
Methods

We examined reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) of the program. For effectiveness, participants were classified into “low exposure” and “high exposure” groups based on home visits by a community health worker (CHW). A dietary questionnaire and the Godin-Shepherd Exercise Questionnaire were used to quantify mean FV consumption and weekly PA level, respectively. Mean differences in change from baseline to follow-up was compared between the groups based on multivariable linear regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender, insurance and poverty status, and program components received. Odds of newly meeting FV and PA guidelines at follow-up were estimated with multivariable logistic regression analysis. All analyses were repeated for each location separately.
Results

Low-income Mexican-Americans (N = 8225) across twelve locations along the U.S.-Mexico border were analyzed. The program reached 2.2% of the total population of the lower Rio Grande Valley region (Cameron and Hidalgo Counties, Texas). The high exposure group had significantly greater FV intake (adjusted mean difference = + 0.65 FV servings, 95% CI: 0.53–0.77) and PA (adjusted mean difference = + 185.6 MET-minutes, 95% CI: 105.9-265.4) than the low exposure group. The high exposure group was significantly more likely to meet FV guidelines (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.65–2.47) and PA guidelines (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10–1.68) at follow-up. In location-specific analysis, the association of increasing program exposure to degree of improvement in FV consumption and PA was replicated. 92.3% (12/13) of locations offered the program adopted it. 58.3% (7/12) of program locations implemented with fidelity, and 91.7% (11/12) maintained the program.
Conclusions

The results indicate this CWC intervention shows promise for improving health outcomes among low-income Mexican Americans in a scaled-up implementation effort. The adoption and maintenance of the program was strong, but staff capacity and turnover adversely impacted implementation fidelity.
Trial registration:
NCT03199365. Date: June 26, 2017
Differential Circular RNA Expression Analysis for Screening the Potential Biomarkers in Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Authors: Sun Shenjie , Lv Tingting , Li Siyuan , Liu Peng , Yang Ying , Liu Yuanwei , She Fei , He Rong , Zhang Ping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide. Accumulating evidence indicated circular RNA (circRNA) as an epigenetic regulator play a critical role in the development of various of cardiovascular diseases. However, the regulatory network of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA involved in AF was still little investigated.Methods: In the present study, AF-related differentially expressed circRNAs (DE circRNAs) were derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE97455 by bioinformatic analysis. Then, miRNAs targeted by these circRNAs were predicted using the Circular RNA Interactome. These putative miRNAs were next used to predict mRNAs using three databases including miRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan. The targeted mRNAs were the intersection of the above-mentioned predicted mRNAs overlapping with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from GEO datasets GSE79768.Results: We firstly screened 46 DE circRNAs, 90 putative miRNAs, and 32 overlapping genes in the network of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA constructed by Cytoscape. Further, the top 7 DE circRNAs (hsa_circ_0000367, hsa_circ_0000691, hsa_circ_0000288, hsa_circ_0006168, hsa_circ_0001666, hsa_circ_0021652, and hsa_circ_0030162) were screened in the constructed circRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory network consisting of 7 circRNAs, 42 miRNAs, and 25 mRNAs, including 53 circRNA–miRNA pairs and 64 miRNA–mRNA pairs, which were closely related to AF.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that 7 DE circRNAs were involved in a circRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory network in AF and may be potential novel biomarkers in AF.
Prevalence of Arbovirus Antibodies in Young Healthy Adult Population in Brazil
Authors: Salgado Bárbara Batista , Maués Fábio Carmona de Jesus , Pereira Renato Lemos , Chiang Jennifer Oliveira , Freitas Maria Nazaré de Oliveira , Ferreira Milene Silveira , Martins Livia Caricio , Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando da Costa , Ganoza Christian , Lalwani Pritesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases are a cause for worldwide concern. The introduction of Zika and Chikungunya disease in the Americas has exposed unforeseen medical and logistical challenges for public health systems. Moreover, the lack of preventive measures and vaccination against known and emerging mosquito-transmitted pathogens, and the occurrence of unanticipated clinical complications, has produced an enormous social and economic impact in the affected populations. In this study, we aimed to measure the seroprevalence of endemic and emerging viral pathogens in military personnel stationed in Manaus, Amazonas state. We measured the seroprevalence of antibodies against nineteen endemic and emerging viruses in a healthy military personnel cohort using a Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay (HIA). Overall, DENV seroprevalence was 60.4%, and 30.9% of the individuals reacted against ZIKV. Also, 46.6%, 54.7%, 51.3% and 48.7% individuals reacted against West Nile virus (WNV), Saint Louis Encephalitis virus (SLEV), Ilheus virus (ILHV) and Rocio virus (ROCV), respectively. Individuals with high DENV HIA titre reacted more frequently with ZIKV or WNV compared to those with low HIA titres. Observed cross-reactivity between Flaviviruses varied depending on the virus serogroup. Additionally, 0.6% and 0.3% individuals were seropositive for Oropouche virus (OROV) and Catu virus (CATUV) from the family Peribunyaviridae, respectively. All samples were negative for Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (EEEV), Western Equine Encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), Mucambo virus (MUCV) and CHIKV from the family Togaviridae. In conclusion, a high proportion of individuals in our high-risk population (~ 60%) lacked antibodies against major endemic and emerging viruses, which makes them susceptible for further infections. Military personnel serving in the Amazon region could serve as sentinels to strengthen global infectious disease surveillance, particularly in remote areas.
Nitrilotriacetic acid enhanced lead accumulation in Athyrium wardii (Hook.) Makino by modifying rhizosphere characteristics
Authors: Zhang Yunhong , Huang Huagang , Yu Haiying , Zhan Juan , Ye Daihua , Zheng Zicheng , Zhang Xizhou , Wang Yongdong , Li Tingxuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chelant-assisted phytoremediation may modify plant rhizosphere, which is closely relevant to heavy metal (HM) accumulation in plants. This work focused on the effects of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) on rhizosphere characteristics to investigate the mechanism of lead (Pb) accumulation in Athyrium wardii (Hook.) Makino with exposure to 800 mg kg− 1 Pb. After NTA application, Pb accumulation in the underground part of A. wardii increased by 14.3%, accompanying with some changes for the rhizosphere soils. Soil pH decreased by 0.37 and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in the rhizosphere soils significantly increased by 7.6%. The urease, acid phosphatase and catalase activities in the rhizophere soils significantly increased by 104.8%, 19.7% and 27.1%, respectively. However, a slight inhibition on microbial activities was observed in the rhizosphere of A. wardii after NTA application. Soil respiration decreased by 8.9% and microbial biomass carbon decreased by 8.9% in the rhizosphere soils, indicating that NTA addition recruited some microorganisms to maintain rhizosphere functions in Pb-contaminated soils, while inhibited others with low tolerance to Pb. Results suggest that lower pH, more DOC exudation and higher soil enzyme activities after NTA application contributed to the increase of Pb accumulation in A. wardii. This study gave some preliminary evidence for NTA-assisted Pb remediation by A. wardii by modifying rhizosphere characteristics.
A Comparison of Pharmacotherapy and Combined Pharmacotherapy with Transcranial Direct Current Stimuli action (tDCS) in Reduction of Impulsivity in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Type I: A Randomized and Parallel Clinical Trial
Authors: Mardani Parnaz , Dadashi Mohsen , Javdani Hossein , Zolghadriha Ahmad , Mousavi Elnaz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveBipolar disorder is one of the most destructive psychiatric disorders that leads to many psycho-social problems in patients, besides, the presence of impulsivity doubles this dysfunction and imposes irreparable consequences on the patient. So, in this study we aimed to comparison of pharmacotherapy and combined pharmacotherapy with Transcranial Direct Current Stimuli action (tDCS) in reduction of impulsivity in patients with bipolar disorder type I.MethodThe present study was a clinical trial with pre-test, post-test and a 3-month follow-up period. A sample of 30 patients with bipolar disorder type I was selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups (pharmacotherapy and combined pharmacotherapy with tDCS). The tDCS protocol was performed for 10 sessions of 20 minutes for the combined group [F3 F4]. Barret Impulsivity Scale (BIS) was presented in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Analysis of covariance tests were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe results showed that the effect of the between-subject factor was significant for the total score (partial ƞ2 = 0.32, p<0.05) cognitive impulsivity (partial ƞ2 = 0.31, p<0.05), motor impulsivity (partial ƞ2 = 0.18, p<0.05), nonplanning (partial ƞ2 = 0.16, p<0.05), Also, the investigation of impulsivity components also shows that there is a significant difference between combined and pharmacotherapy groups.ConclusionCombined treatment proved to be more effective in the treatment of patients suffering from bipolar disorder type I than separate medication. It can probably be used as a supplementary psychiatric medication, but this improvement but this improvement is not synonymous with stopping the use of psychiatric drugs.
Spatiotemporal Changes in Rainfall and Droughts of Bangladesh for 1.5º and 2ºc Temperature Rise Scenarios of CMIP6 Models
Authors: Kamal A S M Maksud , Hossain Farhad , Shahid Shamsuddin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An alteration of rainfall variability and changes in rainfall driven extremes have been noticed across the globe with rising earth temperature. Such changes will undoubtedly be more devastating for agriculture-based developing countries. Possible changes in rainfall and droughts due to 1.5º and 2ºC temperature rise scenarios have been evaluated in this study for Bangladesh, which is widely referred to globally most climate change susceptible country. Projections of global climate models (GCMs) of the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) for two shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios, SSP-119 and SSP-126 were used for this purpose. The results showed an increase in annual rainfall over Bangladesh for both scenarios. However, the changes in rainfall variability would cause a drastic change in the drought pattern. Overall, drought frequency may decrease in the drought-prone western region up to -50% and increase in the east up to 50 to 70%, making droughts more homogeneously distributed over the country. However, a higher increase in the east than a decrease in the west for SSP119 indicates a possible shift in the country's drought-prone region. Comparison of drought scenarios for SSP119 and SSP126 revealed a 0.5ºC further rise in temperature might cause an increase in extreme drought frequency by 30% in the central-eastern region. Bangladesh should take effective drought mitigation measures to sustain its agricultural development.
Novel Detection of Diesel Adulteration using Silver coated Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor
Authors: Jabin Md. Asaduzzaman , Rana Md. Juwel , Al-Zahrani Fahad Ahmed , Paul Bikash Kumar , Ahmed Kawsar , Bui Francis Minhthang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, we propose a silver-coated (SPR-surface plasmon resonance) based biosensor for the detection of diesel adulteration for the first time in the field of bio-sensing. Here, the numerical analysis is done by COMSOL Multiphysics V-5.1 and fully simulation software MATLAB-V16 on 30190 mesh elements, 2792 boundary elements, and 206593 degrees of freedom using finite element method (FEM) at 250C (298 K) for different concentration level. Moreover, the entire experiment on SPR-PCF is done for the major optical parameters for instance- Birefringence (Bi), Coupling-length (Lc), Power-fraction (Pf ), Confinement-loss (αc), Amplitudesensitivity (Sa), Wavelength-sensitivity (Sw), Resolution (Rl), Transmittance (Tx), Transmittance variance (Tv), Relative-sensitivity (Sr), Figure-of-merit (FOM) and Resonance (R2) etc which are respectively to their corresponding maximum performance profiles of 2.5 🞩 10-3, 1300 μm, 99.93%, 1200 –1600 dB/cm, -7950 RIU-1 , 49941.169 nm/RIU, 6.319 🞩 10-4 RIU, -180 dB, 170 dB/RIU, 97.25%, 980, and 0.98312 at operating wavelength 0.5–2 μm. Therefore, it is noticed that the proposed sensor can be able to establish itself as one of the toughest candidates in fiber sensing. Also, diesel adulteration sensing including the entire working procedure using a SPR platform will be regarded as a novel procedure for diesel sensing in the history of photonics.
Synergistic Effect of Pistachio Shell Powder and Nano-Zerovalent Copper for Chromium Remediation from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Brar Ravinderdeep Singh , Babu J Nagendra , Dahiya Amarjeet , Saha Sandip , Kumar Avneesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pistachio shell powder supported nano-zerovalent copper (ZVC@PS) material prepared by borohydride reduction, was characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA/DTA, BET, and XPS. SEM, XRD, and XPS revealed the nano-zerovalent copper to consist of a core-shell structure with CuO shell and Cu(0) core with a particle size of 40–100 nm and spherical morphology aggregated on PS biomass. ZVC@PS was found out to contain 39% (w/w %) Cu onto the pistachio shell biomass. Batch sorption of Cr(VI) from the aqueous using ZVC@PS were studied, and was optimized for dose (0.1–0.5 g/L), initial Cr(VI) concentration(1–20 mg/L) and pH (2–12). Optimized conditions were 0.1 g/L doses of sorbent and pH = 3 for Cr(VI) adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models fitted well to the adsorption behavior of ZVC@PS for Cr(VI) with a pseudo-second-order kinetic behavior. ZVC@PS (0.1g/L) exhibits qmax for Cr(VI) removal up to 111.1 mg/g. XPS and other spectroscopic evidence suggest the adsorption of Cr(VI) by pistachio shell powder, coupled with reductive conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by ZVC particles to produce a synergistic effect for the efficient remediation of Cr(VI) from aqueous medium.
A New Hyperspectral Redundant Band Detection Method Based on Local Hurst Exponent
Authors: Li Jianhui , Li Qiaozhi , Wang Fang , Liu Fan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hyperspectrum reflectance is a curve in a certain wavelength range. Its complex dynamic structure reflects rich information of the object at variable bands. However, the potential redundancy will seriously affect accurate extraction of spectral features, therefore, information redundancy detection is a critical pretreatment for spectral analysis. In this paper, by using the local detrended fluctuation analysis, we propose a new method to detect the redundant bands. The method focuses on the spectral auto-correlation represented by local Hurst exponent in moving windows. Thus, the redundant band can be determined by the comparison of auto-correlation between two adjacent windows. To test our method, using the fractal feature of the removing redundant bands as augment, rapeseed oleic acid's prediction model is constructed based on random decision forest method. As comparison, the same feature of the original spectrum is also employed as augment for the model. The result shows that the feature of removing the redundant bands will bring better model performance than the feature of original spectrum does.