bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral density modeling via random field: normality, stationarity, sex and age dependence
Authors: Henyš Petr , Vořechovský Miroslav , Kuchař Michal , Heinemann Axel , Kopal Jiří , Ondruschka Benjamin , Hammer Niels 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCapturing the population variability of bone properties is of paramount importance to biomedical engineering. The aim of the present paper is to describe variability and correlations in bone mineral density with a spatial random field inferred from routine computed tomography data.MethodsRandom fields were simulated by transforming pairwise uncorrelated Gaussian random variables into correlated variables through the spectral decomposition of an age-detrended correlation matrix. The validity of the random field model was demonstrated in the spatiotemporal analysis ofbone mineral density. The similarity between the computed tomography samples and those generated via random fields was analyzed with theenergy distancemetric.ResultsThe random field of bone mineral density was found to be approximately Gaussian/slightly left-skewed/strongly right-skewed at various locations. However, average bone density could be simulated well with the proposed Gaussian random field for which the energy distance, i.e., a measure that quantifies discrepancies between two distribution functions, is convergent with respect to the number of correlation eigenpairs.ConclusionsThe proposed random field model allows the enhancement of computational biomechanical models with variability in bone mineral density, which could increase the usability of the model and provides a step forward inin-silicomedicine.
Coordination of genome replication and anaphase entry by rDNA copy number inS. cerevisiae
Authors: Kwan Elizabeth X. , Alvino Gina M. , Lynch Kelsey L. , Levan Paula F. , Amemiya Haley M. , Wang Xiaobin S. , Johnson Sarah A. , Sanchez Joseph C. , Miller Madison A. , Croy Mackenzie , Lee Seung-been , Naushab Maria , Cuperus Josh T. , Brewer Bonita J. , Queitsch Christine , Raghuraman M. K. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTEukaryotes maintain hundreds of copies of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), many more than required for ribosome biogenesis, suggesting a yet undefined role for large rDNA arrays outside of ribosomal RNA synthesis. We demonstrate that reducing theSaccharomyces cerevisiaerDNA array to 35 copies, which is sufficient for ribosome function, shifts rDNA from being the latest replicating region in the genome to one of the earliest. This change in replication timing results in delayed genome-wide replication and classic replication defects. We present evidence that the requirement for rDNA to replicate late, which is conserved among eukaryotes, also coordinates the completion of genome replication with anaphase entry through the proper sequestration of the mitotic exit regulator Cdc14p in the rDNA-containing nucleolus. Our findings suggest that, instead of being a passive repetitive element, the large late-replicating rDNA array plays an active role in genome replication and cell cycle control.
Transverse FIV suppression of square cylinder using two control rods of varying size and distance in lock-in and galloping regions
Authors: D. Farahani S. , Rabiee Amir Hossein 
Published: February 2021

Purpose)
In this study, for the first time, the efficacy of control rods for full suppression of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and galloping of an elastically supported rigid square cylinder that vibrates freely in the cross-flow direction is investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
To this aim, two small control rods are placed at constant angles of ± 45° relative to the horizontal axis and then the influence of diameter and spacing ratios on the oscillation and hydrodynamic response along with the vortex structure behind the cylinder is evaluated in the form of nine different cases in both VIV and galloping regions.

Findings
The performed simulations show that using the configuration presented in this study results in full VIV suppression for the spacing ratios G/D = 0.5, 1 and 1.5 at the diameter ratios d/D = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 (D: diameter of square cylinder, G: distance between rods and cylinder, d: diameter of rods). On the contrary, a perfect attenuation of galloping is only achieved at the largest diameter (d/D = 0.3) and the smallest spacing ratio (G/D = 0.5). In general, for both VIV and galloping regions, with increasing diameter ratio and decreasing spacing ratio, the effect of the control rods wake in the vortex street of square cylinder gradually increases. This trend carries on to the point where the vortex shedding is completely suppressed and only the symmetric wake of control rods is observed.

Originality/value
So far, the effect of rod control on VIV of a square cylinder and its amplitude of oscillations has not been investigated.
John H. Patterson and the early sales practices of NCR
Authors: Hawes Jon M. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore not only the greatness of Patterson but also some of the mistakes he made along the way.

Design/methodology/approach
The study traces the career of John Patterson, founder and president of the National Cash Register (NCR) from 1884 to 1922. Data from many different sources, some only recently available through the HathiTrust Digital Library, are analyzed to provide a systematic and focused examination of Patterson’s greatness, as well as some errors in judgment he during his lengthy leadership at NCR.

Findings
John Patterson recognized the potential development of a new global industry before it existed and went to work creating it. After he bought the original patents for the cash register, he spent huge sums on research and development and secured hundreds of additional patents on the device. He also spent a fortune on educational advertising to create market demand where none previously existed and invested heavily in developing his salesforce through a strong focus on training, professionalism and high commissions. He also engaged in many unsavory sales practices to try to keep others from encroaching on what he considered his exclusive right to the cash register market. At one point, he was convicted in a criminal proceeding for those efforts and sentenced to prison.

Originality/value
This is the first paper to provide a balanced review of Patterson’s contributions to the business history of that era from a sales and marketing perspective. The paper may be of interest to marketing scholars and practitioners, as well as business historians.
An indicator-based integrated methodology for evaluating sustainability in transportation systems using multivariate statistics and fuzzy logic
Authors: Illahi Ubaid , Mir Mohammad Shafi 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to quantify and evaluate transport sustainability from an integrated perspective. It is argued that transportation systems being interdisciplinary and complex, the integrated approach towards quantification and evaluation would present its sustainability goals’ attainment in a much better way.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed integrated methodology is divided into five major steps that are sub-divided. It adopts a three-tier classification system i.e. pillar, sub-division and indicator. In total, 116 sustainable transportation indicators (STIs) were classified into 10 subdivisions corresponding to three sustainability pillars. The weighting and aggregation of STIs were done using a combination of a statistical tool called principal component analysis/factor analysis, a machine learning tool called fuzzy logic and equal weighting method. The final output that the proposed integrated methodology generates is a new composite index called the integrated sustainable transportation index (IIST).

Findings
To check the credibility of the proposed integrated methodology, it was applied to 26 states and the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India. Based on the computed IIST, 27 study zones were ranked and mapped. The results showed that while Tamil Nadu (0.643), Telangana (0.574) and Maharashtra (0.564) were the best-performing states, Goa (0.347), Chhattisgarh (0.436) and Meghalaya (0.439) were the worst-performing states, as far as the relative transportation sustainability is concerned.

Practical implications
The proposed integrated methodology could be useful for transportation evaluators, planners and policymakers who can recognize, track and improve the strengths and overcome the weaknesses within a transportation system.

Originality/value
The novelty of this research work is that it uses a multi-stage multi-tool approach to quantify and evaluate transport sustainability that minimizes the demerits of single-stage individual tools while maximizing their merits.
Allies or rivals: how abusive supervision influences subordinates’ knowledge hiding from colleagues
Authors: Wang Changyu , Feng Jiaojiao , Li Xinze 
Published: February 2021

PurposePrevious research suggests that abusive supervision has a positive effect on subordinates’ behaviors of knowledge hiding. However, the authors argue that this effect depends on the level of team abusive supervision differentiation. Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory and social comparison theory, this study tries to explain how the level of team abusive supervision differentiation, in conjunction with individuals' own experiences of abusive supervision, influences the focal subordinate's knowledge hiding from their colleagues.Design/methodology/approachThe paper addresses a sample of 412 employees nested in 73 groups and tests an original model using structural equation modeling.FindingsResults show that abusive supervision would indirectly promote subordinates' knowledge hiding toward coworkers via emotional exhaustion, and team abusive supervision differentiation has a positive moderating effect on the above indirect relationship.Practical implicationsHuman resource management (HRM) practices should be used to reduce abusive supervision both at individual and team level and minimize employees' emotional exhaustion, thereby affecting knowledge hiding from coworkers.Originality/valueResults show that whether a subordinate's experience of abusive supervision leads to knowledge hiding via emotional exhaustion depends on the level of team abusive supervision differentiation. This finding adds to the literature about abusive supervision and knowledge hiding.
Le rôle des clivages des partis politiques dans le renforcement de la démocratie en Afrique
Authors: Song Jacques Simon 
Published: February 2021

RésuméDans cet article, nous examinons les effets des clivages des partis politiques sur la démocratie en Afrique. À partir d'un échantillon de 47 pays sur la période 1980–2012, nous spécifions et estimons un modèle en données de panel par la Méthode des Moments Généralisés en Système (MMG‐S). Quatre clivages politiques sont considérés: droite, gauche, centriste et sans orientation. Nos résultats montrent que les deux premiers clivages contribuent significativement à la consolidation de la démocratie, alors que les deux seconds la détériorent. Nous suggérons une structuration emboitée des partis politiques, afin de mieux renforcer le système démocratique.
“No one associates alcohol with being in good health”: Health and wellbeing as imperatives to manage alcohol use for young people
Authors: Caluzzi Gabriel , MacLean Sarah , Livingston Michael , Pennay Amy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractYoung people's drinking has declined markedly in Australia over the past 15 years, and this may be linked to changing norms and values around health. We take the view that healthism—a discourse that privileges good health and renders people personally responsible for managing health—has become pervasive, creating new pressures influencing young people's alcohol practices. Through interviews with 50 young light drinkers and abstainers, we explored these notions of health and alcohol. Although health was not the only reason that participants abstained or drank lightly, many avoided drinking to minimise health risks and to pursue healthy lifestyles. Their understanding of health came from multiple sources such as the media, schools, parents—and often reinforced public health messages, and healthist discourse. This discourse influenced how participants perceived health norms, engaged with health in everyday life and managed their alcohol consumption. Because the need to be healthy incorporated bodily health, mental health and social wellbeing, it also created tensions around how young people could drink while maintaining their health. This highlights the importance of health as a key consideration in the alcohol practices of light drinking and abstaining young Australians, which could help explain broader declines in youth drinking.
‘You're only there on the phone’? A qualitative exploration of community, affect and agential capacity in HIV self‐testing using a smartphone app
Authors: Janssen Ricky , Engel Nora , Pant Pai Nitika , Esmail Aliasgar , Dheda Keertan , Thomas Réjean , Krumeich Anja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMobile health (mHealth) technologies for HIV care are developed to provide diagnostic support, health education, risk assessment and self‐monitoring. They aim to either improve or replace part of the therapeutic relationship. Part of the therapeutic relationship is affective, with the emergence of feelings and emotion, yet little research on mHealth for HIV care focuses on affect and HIV testing practices. Furthermore, most of the literature exploring affect and care relations with the introduction of mHealth is limited to the European and Australian context. This article explores affective dimensions of HIV self‐testing using a smartphone app strategy in Cape Town, South Africa and Montréal, Canada. This study is based on observation notes, 41 interviews and 1 focus group discussion with study participants and trained HIV healthcare providers from two quantitative studies evaluating the app‐based self‐test strategy. Our paper reveals how fear, apathy, judgement, frustration and comfort arise in testing encounters using the app and in previous testing experiences, as well as how this relates to care providers and test materials. Attending to affective aspects of this app‐based self‐testing practice makes visible certain affordances and limitations of the app within the therapeutic encounter and illustrates how mHealth can contribute to HIV care.
Oligometastases in head and neck carcinoma and their impact on management
Authors: Mat Lazim Norhafiza , Elliott Michael , Wykes James , Clark Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHistorically, patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with distant metastases were regarded as palliative. Oligometastasis (OM) refers to patients with a limited number of distant metastatic deposits. Treatment of patients with OMs has been reported in patients with lung, colon, breast, prostate and brain malignancies. Selected patients with oligometastatic HNSCC have a higher probability of durable disease control and cure and these patients should be treated aggressively. Treatment options for patients with HNSCC OMs include single or combinations of the three arms of cancer treatment, that is surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy/immunotherapy. To date, there are limited studies reporting the management of OM with head and neck malignancy. This review will give insights into the management of OMs in HNSCC.
Effects of the natural sweetener rebaudioside A on intake, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, and blood biochemical parameters in adult goats during summer
Authors: Xu Liwei , Wei Yuqing , Wang Jiurong , Tang Shaoxun , Zhou Chuanshe , Tan Zhiliang , Han Xuefeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effects of dietary rebaudioside A inclusion on feed intake, digestion of nutrients, rumen fermentation, and blood biochemical parameters of goats were evaluated in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square study. Nine adult goats during summer were fed a basal forage/concentrate‐based diet and the forage was chopped rice straw. The three dietary treatments were 0, 350, and 700 mg rebaudioside A per kg chopped rice straw on a DM basis. No significant improvement was observed in dry matter intake (DMI) of forage and diet among treatments. Nutrient digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) showed a significant trend (p < .10) across groups. Rebaudioside A inclusion significantly (p < .01) increased the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen, however, there were no differences in concentration of ruminal ammonia, and molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. About blood metabolites, increasing rebaudioside A in the diet caused a quadratic response in glucose and total protein, and albumin concentrations. Under the conditions of this study, supplementation with rebaudioside A at 350 and 700 mg/kg forage did not improve consumption of rice straw‐based diet in adult goats in summer. However, the responses in digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites appear to indicate the potential of rebaudioside A as a bio‐active substance in goats.
The importance of Ras in drug resistance in cancer
Authors: Healy Fiona M. , Prior Ian A. , MacEwan David J. 
Published: February 2021

In this review, we analyse the impact of oncogenic Ras mutations in mediating cancer drug resistance and the progress made in the abrogation of this resistance, through pharmacological targeting. At a physiological level, Ras is implicated in many cellular proliferation and survival pathways. However, mutations within this small GTPase can be responsible for the initiation of cancer, therapeutic resistance and failure, and ultimately disease relapse. Often termed “undruggable,” Ras is notoriously difficult to target directly, due to its structure and intrinsic activity. Thus, Ras‐mediated drug resistance remains a considerable pharmacological problem. However, with advances in both analytical techniques and novel drug classes, the therapeutic landscape against Ras is changing. Allele‐specific, direct Ras‐targeting agents have reached clinical trials for the first time, indicating there may, at last, be hope of targeting such an elusive but significant protein for better more effective cancer therapy.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on New avenues in cancer prevention and treatment (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.12/issuetoc
German evidence and consensus‐based (S3) guideline: Vaccination recommendations for the prevention of HPV‐associated lesions
Authors: Gross Gerd E. , Werner Ricardo N. , Avila Valle Gabriela L. , Bickel Markus , Brockmeyer Norbert H. , Doubek Klaus , Gallwas Julia , Gieseking Friederike , Haase Heidemarie , Hillemanns Peter , Ikenberg Hans , Jongen Johannes , Kaufmann Andreas M. , Klußmann Jens Peter , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Knuf Markus , Köllges Ralf , Laws Hans‐Jürgen , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Neis Klaus J. , Petry Karl‐Ulrich , Pfister Herbert , Schlaeger Martin , Schneede Peter , Schneider Achim , Smola Sigrun , Tiews Sven , Nast Alexander , Gaskins Matthew , Wieland Ulrike 
Published: February 2021

SummaryAnogenital and oropharyngeal infections with human papilloma viruses (HPV) are common. Clinically manifest disease may significantly impact quality of life; the treatment of HPV‐associated lesions is associated with a high rate of recurrence and invasive neoplasms, such as cervical, anal, vulvar, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers, which are characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Vaccination against HPV is an effective and safe measure for the primary prevention of HPV‐associated lesions, but immunization rates are still low in Germany. The present publication is an abridged version of the German evidence and consensus‐based guideline “Vaccination recommendations for the prevention of HPV‐associated lesions”, which is available on the website of the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF). On the basis of a systematic review with meta‐analyses, a representative panel developed and agreed upon recommendations for the vaccination of different populations against HPV. In addition, consensus‐based recommendations were developed for specific issues relevant to everyday practice. Based on current evidence and a representative expert consensus, these recommendations are intended to provide guidance in a field in which there is often uncertainty and in which both patients and health care providers are sometimes confronted with controversial and emotionally charged points of view.
The applicability of HYDRUS‐1D to infiltration of water‐repellent soil at different depths
Authors: Yang Yalong , Chen Yinwen , Chen Junying , Zhang Zhitao , Li Yi , Du Yuyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHYDRUS‐1D has been extensively applied to the simulation of wettable soil infiltration, but very few studies have explored its applicability to the infiltration of water‐repellent soil (WRS) at different depths. To this end, HYDRUS‐1D was used to simulate water movement of layered soil with a surface repellent thickness of 10 cm. The parameters of the van Genuchten model were calibrated and validated using cumulative infiltration (CI), distance of the wetting front (Zf) and volumetric water content (θv) through five respective treatments. Another 10 tilled scenarios were selected to simulate water movement of tilled WRS. RRMSE (relative root mean square error) and CRM (coefficient of residual mass) were adopted to evaluate simulation accuracy. For the calibration and validation, the RRMSE values ranged from 0.04 to 0.251 and 0.042 to 0.101, respectively, indicating that HYDRUS‐1D could effectively simulate water movement of WRS. Furthermore, for layered treatments, the simulation accuracy of θv, CI and Zf decreased with the increase of the degree of repellency and thickness. The treatments with the repellent thickness of 10 cm had higher simulation accuracy than that with repellent thickness of 5 cm when the top layer had the same WRS. The results revealed HYDRUS‐1D was effective in the simulation of water movement in repellent clay loam with different degrees of repellency and depths.Highlights
The applicability of HYDRUS‐1D to the infiltration of water‐repellent soil (WRS) at different depths was explored.
The simulation of different degrees of repellency and depths was first conducted.
Simulation accuracy decreased with the increase of degree of repellency and thickness.
HYDRUS‐1D was effective in simulating water movement of repellent soil.