bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Per‐oral endoscopic myotomy in patients with antithrombotic agents: A large‐scale multicenter study in Japan
Authors: Shimamura Yuto , Sato Hiroki , Onimaru Manabu , Tanaka Shinwa , Shiwaku Hironari , Shiota Junya , Sato Chiaki , Ogawa Ryo , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Inoue Haruhiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe perioperative management and clinical course of per‐oral endoscopic myotomy for patients receiving antithrombotic therapy remains unknown. This study aimed to clarify the status of antithrombotic therapy in per‐oral endoscopic myotomy and to determine its safety and efficacy.MethodsPatients treated with per‐oral endoscopic myotomy from 2010 to 2019 in seven high‐volume centers in Japan were retrospectively investigated. The patients' characteristics and antithrombotic agent management were analyzed; clinical outcomes were compared with those without antithrombotic agents.ResultsOf 2752 patients who underwent per‐oral endoscopic myotomy, 120 patients on antithrombotic therapy (mean age 71.0 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists class II–IV [67.5%]) were identified. Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and a combination of antithrombotic agents were used in 82, 30, and 8 patients, respectively. The perioperative management adhered to the therapeutic endoscopy guidelines published by the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Endoscopy in most patients (88.3%). A poorer clinical baseline status (American Society of Anesthesiologists class II–IV; 67.0% vs 24.3%) and the sigmoid type (40.7% vs 22.3%) were more frequently observed in patients with achalasia on antithrombotic therapy. However, the clinical success (Eckardt score ≤ 3; 97.6% vs 94.6) and adverse event rates, such as bleeding and thromboembolic events (5.5% vs 4.7%), did not show inferiority.ConclusionsPer‐oral endoscopic myotomy on antithrombotic therapy is safe and effective. However, caution is required as patients on antithrombotic therapy tend to have poorer baseline health and achalasia statuses. Our experience should help establish perioperative management with antithrombotic therapy.
Besifovir therapy improves hepatic histology and reduces covalently closed circular DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Yim Hyung Joon , Kim Won , Ahn Sang Hoon , Jung Young Kul , Um Soon Ho , Sohn Joo Hyun , Jang Jae Young , Kim Dong Joon , Park Eun‐Sook , Jin So‐Young , Kim Kyun‐Hwan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimBesifovir dipivoxil maleate (BSV) was reported to have comparable antiviral efficacy and superior renal and bone safety to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The present study aims to evaluate changes of liver histology and intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) levels by BSV treatment in comparison with TDF therapy.MethodsThis is a subset study of the phase 3 trial comparing BSV with TDF. Among them, only CHB patients willing to participate in a histologic evaluation study were enrolled. Liver histologic examination and intrahepatic cccDNA quantification were performed.ResultsA total of 46 CHB patients received liver biopsies (BSV, n = 29; TDF, n = 17). After 48 weeks of treatment, virological response rate was comparable between the groups (P = 0.707). Follow‐up liver biopsies showed that necroinflammation was significantly improved in the both groups. However, the histological response rate defined as the proportion of subjects whose modified histologic activity index score decreased by ≥ 2 without deterioration in fibrosis was higher in the BSV group than in the TDF group (77.8% vs 36.4%, P = 0.048). The proportion of subjects with Ishak fibrosis score 3 or more decreased from 77.7% to 55.5% in the BSV and that decreased from 72.7% to 45.4% in the TDF group. The intrahepatic cccDNA significantly decreased from baseline after 48 weeks of BSV or TDF treatment (P < 0.001) without intergroup differences (P = 0.349).ConclusionsThe BSV therapy improves hepatic histology and decreases intrahepatic cccDNA in CHB patients.
Newborn‐oriented and environmental factors for newborns' skin barrier functions
Authors: Murakami Mei , Yonezawa Kaori , Shimizu Satsuki , Haruna Megumi , Sasagawa Emi , Usui Yuriko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine newborn‐oriented and environmental factors of newborn skin barrier functions.MethodsThis was a retrospective secondary analysis of 227 newborns from a previous study. Newborn skin barrier functions were measured on the fourth day after birth via the following parameters: stratum corneum hydration, transepidermal water loss, skin pH, and sebum secretion. Skin barrier functions were measured at four body sites; their averaged values were used for the analysis. The associations among skin barrier functions, newborn‐oriented factors, and environmental factors were evaluated. Multiple regression analysis was performed using a forced entry method, and independent variables for which p‐values were <.05 in Student's t test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation analysis were included.ResultsA total of 211 participants were analyzed. The mean ± standard deviation values of stratum corneum hydration, transepidermal water loss, skin pH, and sebum secretion were 28.58 ± 8.40 and 7.28 ± 2.02 g/m2/h, 5.77 ± 0.53, and 23.59 ± 15.89 μg/cm2, respectively. Newborn‐oriented factors (gestational days, weight, amount of vernix, and parity) and environmental factors (birth season) were significantly associated with one or more skin barrier functions.ConclusionsNewborn‐oriented (including labor‐ and delivery‐related) and environmental factors were associated with the skin barrier functions. The newborn maturity level, newborn sex, environmental temperature, and humidity may affect skin barrier functions in newborns. Further studies should focus on the effects of these factors on newborn skin barrier assessments, and develop tailored skincare strategies based on their characteristics.
How to build single‐celled cnidarians with worm‐like motility: Lessons from Myxozoa
Authors: Adriano Edson A. , Zatti Suellen A. , Okamura Beth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetazoans with worm‐like morphologies across diverse and disparate groups typically demonstrate motility generated by hydrostatic skeletons involving tissue layers (muscles and epithelia). Here we present representative morphological, behavioural and molecular data for parasitic cnidarians (myxozoans) that demonstrate unprecedented variation in form and function, developing as cellular hydrostats. Motile elongate plasmodia characterise a remarkable radiation of species in the genusCeratomyxa. The vermiform plasmodia inhabit gall bladders of a range of South American freshwater fish and exhibit undulatory motility reminiscent of nematodes but achieved at the cellular level. Collective insights from ultrastructure, confocal and light microscopy along with videos depicting movements highlight key features that we propose explain the unique motility of the plasmodia. These features include cytoskeletal elements (net forming microfilaments and microtubules), a large internal vacuole, a relatively rigid outer glycocalyx and peripherally arranged mitochondria. These constituents provide collective evidence for repurposing of the cnidarian epitheliomuscular cell to support worm‐like motility at the cellular level. The apparent restriction of vermiform ceratomyxids to South American freshwaters suggests an origination via Cretaceous or Miocene marine transgressions and subsequent radiation.
Neoclassical influences in agent‐based literature: A systematic review
Authors: Brancaccio Emiliano , Gallegati Mauro , Giammetti Raffaele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral studies highlight that the method and the object of analysis of Agent‐Based models are in various respects in stark contrast to the prevailing neoclassical paradigm and therefore should be included in the traditions of alternative economic thought. In this paper, however, we show that distinctive features of the neoclassical theory can be found in most of the AB literature. Through a systematic review of most cited academic papers published in the period 1996–2019 and dedicated to Agent‐Based models, we show that a “neoclassical influence” can be detected in 61% of papers, while only 39% do not have links with the mainstream neoclassical approach. We also note that after the “great recession” started in 2008 the neoclassical influences on AB literature decline to a significant extent.
Screening, Monitoring, and Referral to Treatment for Young Adolescents at an Urban School‐Based Health Center
Authors: Burke Robert E. , Hoffman Neal D. , Guy Laura , Bailey Jodi , Silver Ellen Johnson 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study describes the experience of implementing a screening, monitoring, and referral to treatment (SMARTT) initiative at an urban middle school school‐based health center.METHODSRetrospective data were collected for adolescents screened with the Pediatric Symptom Checklist‐17‐Y. At‐risk adolescents having unmet health needs were offered a mental health referral, and those that declined a mental health referral were offered a primary care monitoring (PCM) visit with the medical provider. Chi‐square analyses were used to evaluate differences in screening and outcomes by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.RESULTSOne out of four adolescents had a positive PSC‐17‐Y or negative screen with other identified concerns. Approximately half of these at‐risk adolescents accepted a mental health referral, and 86% of those who declined agreed to the PCM visit. More than two‐thirds of the PCM group did not need continued monitoring and support at follow‐up, and 85.4% of youth who had a mental health assessment accepted mental health services.CONCLUSIONSThe SMARTT initiative successfully demonstrated that co‐located and integrated mental health services can enhance access and connection to mental health services for at‐risk youth. In addition, PCM visits were found to be an effective option for youth who declined mental health referrals.
Color–Word Stroop Interference Among Japanese Preschoolers1
Authors: Tanaka Daisuke , Komatsu Mayuko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStroop–reverse‐Stroop interference is a phenomenon based on word‐reading skill acquisition, especially the original color–word interference task. Few studies have examined preschool children, probably because early childhood school education is a requirement for the occurrence of Stroop–reverse‐Stroop interference and because of difficulties in application to young children. However, many Japanese students have begun to acquire word‐reading skills in preschool. To estimate the age at which Stroop interference occurs, standardized Stroop–reverse‐Stroop interference tests were conducted of 58 kindergarten children using a blinker board to facilitate attentional stability. Results revealed the presence of Stroop interference among participants in the 4–5‐year and 5–6‐year age groups, although no reverse‐Stroop interference was found. Developmental perspectives related to an older age group for Stroop–reverse‐Stroop interference are discussed.
Urethro‐venous intravasation during retrograde urethrography in a dog
Authors: Daza González M. A. , Suárez‐Redondo M. , Ruíz‐Fernández M. J. , González‐Soriano J. , García‐Real M. I. 
Published: October 2021

A 9‐year‐old 6‐kg male castrated mixed‐breed dog was admitted to the hospital as a second opinion for left‐sided nephrectomy. Plain radiographs, ultrasound, excretory urography and retrograde urethrography revealed left‐sided hydronephrosis and calculi in the bladder and urethra. The urethral calculi were hydropropulsed into the bladder and nephrectomy and cystotomy were performed. Three days after surgery, the patient showed preputial inflammation, pain and pollakiuria. Retrograde urethrography was repeated and extra‐urethral leakage of contrast medium into the penile tissue was identified, followed by filling of the draining veins, reaching the caudal vena cava, with subsequent opacification of the right renal pelvis and ureter and opacification of a lymph node. The dog improved during hospitalisation and a retrograde urography performed 6 months after the initial surgery confirmed full recovery.
Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in the Thoroughbred horse following an oral multi‐dose administration
Authors: Pesko Bogumila , Habershon‐Butcher Jocelyn , Muir Tessa , Gray Bob , Taylor Polly , Fenwick Susanna , Hincks Pamela , Scarth James , Paine Stuart 
Published: October 2021

AbstractParacetamol is a widely used, non‐opioid analgesic and antipyretic drug. Scientific evidence suggests that it is an effective pain treatment in equine medicine. However, there is very little published information about the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the horse. The aim of the research was to determine the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in equine plasma and urine to inform treatment of Thoroughbred racehorses. In this multi‐dose study, paracetamol was administered orally at 20 mg/kg to six Thoroughbred horses. Pre‐ and post‐administration urine and plasma samples were collected and analysed using a quantitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method. Pharmacokinetic analysis of urine and plasma paracetamol clearance profiles was carried out, which enabled the calculation of possible screening limits (SL) that can regulate for a detection time of 120 h. Additionally, an estimation of orthocetamol concentration levels in urine was carried out to investigate any underlying relationship between the para‐ and ortho‐isomers as both were suspected to contribute to basal levels, possibly due to environmental feed sources.
Ancient volcanos as species pumps: A case study of freshwater amphipods in Northeast Asia
Authors: Hu Yueyao , Li Shuqiang , Liu Hongguang , Kim Seung‐Tae , Kurenshchikov Dmitry K. , Hou Zhonge 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVolcano‐tectonic processes have been viewed as primary drivers in the formation of present‐day diversity. Volcanos associated with mountain uplifts drive allopatric speciation through vicariance and may impact the surrounding areas like species pump or species attractor. However, the application of these hypotheses to aquatic fauna has rarely been tested explicitly. We tested these hypotheses in the Changbai Mountains (Mts), which are one of the most typical, active volcanic ranges in Northeast (NE) Asia with a long and turbulent geological history. TheGammarus nekkensisspecies complex of amphipod crustaceans, widely distributed throughout NE Asia with poor dispersal abilities and a long evolutionary history, is a suitable model for testing hypotheses of species pump or species attractor. Phylogenetic and ancestral range reconstructions demonstrated that the studied amphipod originated from the Changbai Mts ~27 Ma and diverged into eastern (Clade I) and western (Clade II) clades, which corresponds well with the initial volcanic eruption of the Changbai Mts in the Late Oligocene. The subsequent diversifications of subclades CI‐3, CII‐1a and CII‐2a were probably driven by second and third eruptions of the Changbai Mts during the Miocene. In particular, the Changbai lineages had spread to the Russian Far East multiple times since the Early Miocene, and widely colonized the region during the Pleistocene. Our discoveries suggest that the ancient volcanos of the Changbai Mts act as species pumps in NE Asia, resulted in burst of diversification around the Changbai Mts and subsequent dispersals into adjacent regions.
Feasibility of energy harvesting from vertical pedestrian‐induced vibrations of footbridges for smart monitoring applications
Authors: Demartino Cristoforo , Quaranta Giuseppe , Maruccio Claudio , Pakrashi Vikram 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present work is meant at contributing to the innovation of the current methodologies for pedestrian bridge monitoring. Specifically, the use of vibrational energy harvesters for self‐powered wireless structural monitoring of footbridges is here advanced for the first time, and a novel sensorless strategy is also proposed to survey remotely their serviceability conditions. In this perspective, comprehensive computer‐aided numerical investigations are initially conducted to obtain statistical estimates of the electrical energy generated from a composite piezoelectric cantilever beam subjected to the vertical footbridge response under the passage of walkers. In doing so, randomness related to the pedestrians' dynamics and footbridges with different modal features are taken into account. An investigation based on experimental data is finally presented. In detail, one case study is concerned with a footbridge prone to large vibrations due to quasi pedestrian–structure resonance condition while the second one deals with a stiffer footbridge experiencing low excitation levels. Ultimately, this study indicates that energy harvesting from vertical pedestrian‐induced vibrations can be a promising strategy for footbridges monitoring, and it provides useful design guidelines in this regard.
Modified Pitt bacteremia score for predicting mortality in patients with candidaemia: A multicentre seven‐year retrospective study conducted in Japan
Authors: Nakada‐Motokawa Nana , Miyazaki Taiga , Ueda Takashi , Yamagishi Yuka , Yamada Koichi , Kawamura Hideki , Kakeya Hiroshi , Mukae Hiroshi , Mikamo Hiroshige , Takesue Yoshio , Kohno Shigeru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral severity indexes have been reported for critically ill patients. The Pitt bacteremia score (PBS) is commonly used to predict the risk of mortality in patients with bacteraemia.ObjectivesTo develop a scoring system for predicting mortality in candidaemia patients.MethodsMedical records at five Japanese tertiary hospitals were reviewed. Factors associated with mortality were analysed using logistic regression modelling. The discriminatory power of scoring models was evaluated by assessing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).ResultsIn total, 422 candidaemia patients were included. Higher PBS, dialysis and retainment of central venous catheter were independent risk factors for all‐cause 30‐day mortality. However, among the five PBS components, fever was not associated with mortality; therefore, we developed a modified version of the PBS (mPBS) by replacing fever with dialysis. AUC for PBS and mPBS were 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–0.80) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.71–0.82), respectively. The increase in predictive ability of mPBS for 30‐day mortality was statistically significant as assessed by NRI (0.24, 95% CI: 0.01–0.46, p = .04) and IRI (0.04, 95% CI: 0.02–0.06, p = .0008). When patients were stratified by mPBS into low (scores 0–3), moderate (4–7) and high risk (≥8), there were significant differences among the survival curves (p < .0001, log‐rank test), and 30‐day mortality rates were 13.8% (40/290), 36.8% (28/76) and 69.4% (34/49), respectively.ConclusionsmPBS can be a useful tool for predicting mortality in candidaemia patients.
Rhinosporidiosis—Factors predicting disease recurrence
Authors: Varghese Lalee , Kurien Regi , Susheel Sherin , Cherian Lisa M. , Rebekah Grace , Rupa Vedantam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of the nose caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. The disease is largely non‐amenable to medical therapy and shows high recurrence rates requiring patients to undergo multiple surgeries often resulting in increased morbidity.ObjectiveTo analyse the epidemiological, clinical, histopathological characteristics, treatment and outcome in rhinosporidiosis and to identify factors which predispose to recurrence of the disease.Patients/methodsRetrospective analysis of data of all patients with a diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis confirmed by histopathology at a tertiary care hospital from 2015 to 2019.ResultsThere were 42 patients, 40 males and two females, with a mean age of 37.37 years. Disease showed bilateral involvement in 17 (40.48%) patients. Nineteen (45.24%) patients had more than two sites involved at initial presentation. Most patients had nasal cavity involvement followed by nasopharynx. Among the 28 patients who had a follow‐up, 12 showed recurrent disease. However, 21 patients were disease free following a revision excision. Involvement of more than two sites was an independent significant factor for recurrence. On univariate analysis, other factors which showed statistically significant odds of developing recurrence were previous surgery (p = .054), involvement of nasal septum (p = .022), middle turbinate (p = .024), nasopharynx (p = .049) and posterior pharyngeal wall (p = .05). Factors which showed significantly less likelihood of developing a recurrence included patients who had less than 12 months duration from first symptom to intervention (p = .016), involvement of less than two sites (p = .0003) and unilateral disease (p = .019).ConclusionEarly intervention in rhinosporidiosis especially when the disease is unilateral and involves less than two sites improves the outcome.
A CLE–BAM–CIK signalling module controls root protophloem differentiation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Chong , Zhu Yafen , Cui Yanwei , Zeng Li , Li Sunjingnan , Meng Fanhui , Huang Shuting , Wang Wenping , Kui Hong , Yi Jing , Li Jia , Wan Dongshi , Gou Xiaoping 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Exogenous application of CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptides suppresses protophloem differentiation and leads to the consumption of the proximal root meristem. However, the exact CLE peptides and the corresponding receptor complex regulating protophloem differentiation have not yet been clarified.

Through expression pattern and phylogenetic analyses, CLE25/26/45 were identified as candidate peptides. Further genetic analyses, physiological assays and specific protophloem marker observations indicated that CLE25/26/45, BARELY ANY MERISTEM1/3 (BAM1/3) and CLV3 INSENSITIVE KINASEs (CIKs) are involved in regulating protophloem differentiation.

The cle25 26 45 and cik2 3 4 5 6 mutation can greatly rescue the root defects of brevis radix (brx) and octopus (ops) mutants. The protophloem differentiation and proximal root meristem consumption of clv1 bam1 3 and cik2 3 4 5 6 were insensitive to CLE25/26/45 treatments. cle25 26 45, clv1 bam1 3 and cik2 3 4 5 6 displayed similar premature protophloem. In addition, CLE25/26/45 induced the interactions between BAMs and CIKs in vivo. Furthermore, CLE25/26/45 enhanced the phosphorylation levels of CIKs, which were greatly impaired in clv1 bam1 3 mutant.

Our work clarifies that the CLE25/26/45–BAM1/3–CIK2/3/4/5/6 signalling module genetically acts downstream of BRX and OPS to suppress protophloem differentiation.