bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteriotherapy for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Yoshimatsu Yusuke , Mikami Yohei , Kanai Takanori 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease is rapidly increasing in developed countries. The main cause of this increase is thought not to be genetic, but secondary to rapidly modernized environmental change. Changes in the environment have been detrimental to enteric probiotics useful for fermentation, inducing an increase in pathobionts that survive by means other than fermentation. This dysregulated microbiota composition, the so-called dysbiosis, is believed to have increased the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease. Bacteriotherapy, a treatment that prophylactically and therapeutically corrects the composition of disturbed intestinal microbiota, is a promising recent development. In fact, fecal microbiome transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in 2013 was a significant contribution for bacteriotherapy. In this paper, we comprehensively review bacteriotherapy in an easy-to-understand format.
Patient-led use of patient-reported outcome measure in self-Management of a Rotator Cuff Injury
Authors: Santana Maria J. , Tomkins Darrell J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The patient is the person who experiences both the processes and the outcomes of care. Information held by the patient is vital for clinical and self-management, improving health outcomes, delivery of care, organization of health systems, and formulation of health policies. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) play an important role in supporting patient’s self-management. This narrative describes a patient-led use of a PROM to self-manage after a rotator cuff injury.

Methods
This is a narrative of a patient who tore the supraspinatus tendon in her right shoulder in an accident. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, the DASH questionnaire, was used to monitor and self-manage recovery after the accident.
The DASH questionnaire is a self-reported questionnaire that measures the difficulty in performing upper extremity activities and pain in the arm, shoulder or hand. It has been widely used in research studies, but here the patient initiated its use for self-management while waiting for and after rotator cuff surgery. The patient created separate sub-scale scores for function and for pain to answer questions from healthcare providers about her recovery.

Results
There was noticeable improvement over 3 months of conservative treatment, from a high level of disability of 56 to 39 (score changed 17); however, the scores were nowhere near the general population normative score of 10.1. Surgery improved the score from 39 pre-surgery to 28. Post-surgical interventions included physiotherapy, pain management and platelet-riched plasma treatment (PRP). The score was 14 4 weeks post-PRP.

Conclusions
The patient found the DASH useful in monitoring recovery from a rotator cuff injury (before and after surgery). The DASH contributed to communication with healthcare professionals and supported the clinical management. The DASH questionnaire was able to capture the patient’s experience with the injury and surgical recovery, corroborating an improvement in function while there was persistent post-surgical pain.
BuildCOM: automated auditing and continuous commissioning of next generation building management systems
Authors: Jradi Muhyiddine , Boel Niels , Madsen Bo Eskerod , Jacobsen Jonas , Hooge Julie Strandesen , Kildelund Lars 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA building management system (BMS) is generally defined as the ‘Brain’ of the building. Building management systems aid in improving occupant comfort and productivity and, enhance the operational efficiency of building energy generation and supply systems. This paper presents the BuildCOM project which is driven by the industry and customer needs. It responds to the increasing demands for energy efficiency, comfort, and safety in the buildings sector. The project brings together academic researchers, industrial companies and public partners, to develop and demonstrate an innovative first-of-its-kind software for BMS automated auditing and continuous building commissioning. The software has three major capabilities, initial BMS auditing, BMS retro-commissioning and continuous building commissioning. Thus, the proposed software will aid the design, development and operation of next generation building management systems. The project builds up partly on the online building energy performance monitoring and evaluation (ObepME) tool developed in COORDICY which will be combined with a holistic process for building management systems auditing and commissioning within the developed software solution. The set of tools developed under BuildCOM will be implemented and demonstrated considering multiple case studies. Implementing the proposed solution, the customers and building owners will have up to 35% higher energy efficiency in newly built and exiting buildings, around 25% lower operation costs and less emissions from day one and throughout the building operation phase.
Fear at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: validation of the Arabic version of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire among Saudi-based respondents
Authors: Aljemaiah Abdulaziz I , Osman Mugtaba , Alharbi Sarah , Alshehri Randa , Aldggag Esraa Mansoer , Aljoudi Alaa Talal , Abdulsomad Dina Smail , Abdulghani Mohammed , Alotaibi Fawaz 
Published: January 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented stress and fear throughout the world.

Aims
To evaluate the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Saudi public, and to examine the performance of the Arabic version of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) scale.

Method
We conducted an online questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of a sample of the Saudi public.

Results
The study included 347 participants, who reported significantly higher levels of distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and somatisation compared with a normative sample. Females scored higher in terms of somatisation, depression and anxiety symptoms, and distress. Obtaining COVID-19 information from friends and relatives was associated with higher levels of somatisation, depression and anxiety symptoms, and distress. Cronbach's alpha was 0.93 for the distress scale, 0.88 for the depression scale, 0.88 for the anxiety scale and 0.86 for the somatisation scale.

Conclusions
Levels of psychological distress were high among the Saudi public during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found high reliability for the Arabic version of the 4DSQ scale. However, three items did not conform to the four-factor structure, namely, item 1: ‘During the past week, did you suffer from dizziness or feeling light-headed?’, item 20: ‘During the past week, did you suffer from disturbed sleep?’ and item 46: ‘During the past week did you ever think I wish I was dead?’.
Overall Survival With Second-Line Pembrolizumab in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial Versus Propensity-Adjusted Real-World Data
Authors: Jemielita Thomas , Li Xiaoyun (Nicole) , Piperdi Bilal , Zhou Wei , Burke Thomas , Chen Cong 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE To compare and characterize overall survival (OS) differences between clinical trial data from the KEYNOTE-010 trial and real-world data (RWD) from the Flatiron Health database in patients with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)–expressing advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received second-line pembrolizumab monotherapy. METHODS Clinical trial data were from the randomized phase II/III KEYNOTE-010 trial that enrolled patients from August 28, 2013, to February 27, 2015. At data cutoff for KEYNOTE-010, the median survival follow-up time for pembrolizumab patients was 11.2 months. RWD were from Flatiron Health advanced NSCLC database and included patients who initiated second-line pembrolizumab from January 26, 2015, to February 28, 2019. At data cutoff for Flatiron, the median survival follow-up time for pembrolizumab-treated patients was 6.1 months. Clinical trial data from KEYNOTE-010 and RWD from Flatiron were analyzed without adjustment, with propensity adjustment, and filtered per the main KEYNOTE-010 eligibility criteria (EC) of histologically/cytologically confirmed PD-L1–positive NSCLC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0/1, no prior therapy with docetaxel for NSCLC, and laboratory values indicative of adequate organ function in addition to prior line of therapy requirements. RESULTS Among 243 patients from KEYNOTE-010 and 782 from Flatiron, median age was 63 v 68 years, and 64% v 54% were male, respectively. OS data from KEYNOTE-010 and Flatiron were similar without any adjustment (n = 782; hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.15) and after both filtering and propensity adjustment (n = 221; HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.34). CONCLUSION Without any adjustment, as well as after applying similar EC and appropriate statistical methods, RWD demonstrated similar effectiveness for pembrolizumab in second-line NSCLC as observed in randomized clinical trials.
BOIN Suite: A Software Platform to Design and Implement Novel Early-Phase Clinical Trials
Authors: Zhou Yanhong , Lin Ruitao , Kuo Ying-Wei , Lee J. Jack , Yuan Ying 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE Using novel Bayesian adaptive designs has great potential to improve the efficiency of early-phase clinical trials. A major barrier for clinical researchers to adopt novel designs is the lack of easy-to-use software. Our purpose is to develop a user-friendly software platform to implement novel clinical trial designs that address various challenges in early-phase dose-finding trials. METHODS We used R Shiny to develop a web-based software platform to facilitate the use of recent novel adaptive designs. RESULTS We developed a web-based software suite, called Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN) suite, which includes R Shiny applications to handle various clinical settings, including single-agent phase I trials with and without prior information, trials with late-onset toxicity, trials to find the optimal biological dose based on risk-benefit trade-off, and drug combination trials to find a single maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or the MTD contour. The applications are built using the same software architecture to ensure the best and a uniform user experience, and they are developed using a proven software development standard operating procedure to ensure accuracy, robustness, and reproducibility. The suite is freely available with internet access and a web browser without the need of installing any other software. CONCLUSION The BOIN suite allows clinical researchers to design various types of early-phase clinical trials under a unified framework. This work is extremely important because it not only advances the clinical research and drug development by facilitating the use of novel trial designs with optimal performance but also enhances collaborations between biostatisticians and clinicians by disseminating novel statistical methodology to broader scientific communities through user-friendly software. The BOIN suite establishes a KISS principle: keep it simple, but smart.
Aharonov-Bohm effect on the generalized Dirac oscillator in a cosmic dislocation space-time
Authors: Chen H. , Long Z. W. , Ran Q. K. , Yang Y. , Long C. Y. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the spin-half relativistic particles described by the Dirac equation on the topological defect background induced by the cosmic string and torsion with an internal magnetic field. We derive the general expression of the generalized Dirac oscillator on the topological defect background and analyze the analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect for the Dirac oscillator with function

considered as the Cornell potential, and we explain the influence of related parameters on the energy levels of the studied system.
Making an IMPACT on Career Development for Early- and Mid-career Faculty
Authors: Sikora Matthew J , Riggins Rebecca B , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNuclear receptors (NRs) are critically important in normal and disease physiology. Recent advances have created opportunities to expand our success in NR basic and translational research, but this field lacks a platform to lay the collaborative groundwork for aspiring and upcoming leaders in the field. NR IMPACT (Interdisciplinary Meeting for Progress And Collaboration Together) is a new collaborative group designed specifically for early- and midcareer faculty who study NRs in their many forms. A unique goal of NR IMPACT is to also directly address career challenges for early- and mid-career faculty. NR IMPACT held an inaugural conference in September 2020 and developed a roadmap identifying 5 major structural and science policy challenges facing early- and mid-career faculty. NR IMPACT identified potential best practices, resources needed, and key action items to address these issues. NR IMPACT is a first of its kind cohort dedicated to building a foundation for the scientific and professional growth of investigators studying NRs, and supporting new collaborations that will advance new paradigms in NR biology. Our unique focus on career development will enhance the success of current faculty and remove hurdles for new faculty, creating a robust pipeline of investigators with exciting new ideas to advance NR biology. The growth of NR IMPACT will build a strong peer-mentoring cohort that can be a unique resource for researchers and a prototype peer group for other disciplines.
Demography and population structure of Northeastern mediterranean monk seal population
Authors: KURT MERVE , GÜCÜ ALI CEMAL 
Published: January 2021

The Northeastern Mediterranean coasts that border southern Turkey host one of the last strongholds for the survival of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus, 1779). The seal colonies inhabiting south coast of Turkey have been studied since 1994 through various short-term research projects focusing on distinct small populations that were thought to be isolated. In this study, the entire extent of the area was monitored approximately for 3 years (between 2015 and 2018) with camera traps places in 20 caves known to be actively used by the seals. A total of 7014 images taken throughout the study period, along with 25,100 images taken previously, were used to identify the seals inhabiting the area. In total, 37 individuals were identified based on the natural marks on the body. Based on photo-identified seals, a mark-recapture method was applied to estimate the total population size within the Northeastern Mediterranean. The overall population size was found to be 46 (SE=7.7) in the case of closed population and 53(SE=34.8) in the case of open population during the study period. The range of identified seals was almost six times larger than previously documented in the same area, reaching distances up to 245 km. The population estimate indicated a decrease in population size compared to previous studies. Finally, the study emphasises the importance of long-term monitoring studies elucidating changes in the demographic parameters in relation to threats posed, rather than cut-paste measurement suggestions which are not applicable in reality, while structuring the conservation actions targeting survival of this highly endangered species.
Crop production under nitrogen starvation conditions: relationships with applied organic matter and soil microbial biomass
Authors: Oda Masato , Sukchan Uchada 
Published: January 2021

Background: The application of organic matter with a high C/N ratio is effective for the prevention of soil degradation, although this can cause nitrogen starvation. However, some fields are highly productive under nitrogen-starvation conditions. The underlying mechanisms for this are unclear but the correlation between soil microbial biomass (SMB) and crop yield suggests that nitrogen flows from SMB to crops. We aimed to clarify this flow and the source of nitrogen. Methods: We achieved nitrogen starvation conditions by applying waste mushroom bed and repeated lettuce cropping with different crop management practices, such as watering and fertilizer application. We analyzed correlations among crop yield, SMB, and total soil nitrogen. Results: The order of the lettuce yield stably corresponded with the management practice used. The SMB increased remarkably by the time of the second lettuce cropping and showed a strong correlation with crop yield. The nitrogen from the waste mushroom bed was lost by denitrification within the crop season. The rate of decomposition showed no correlation with yield or SMB. Discussions: The crop yield corresponded with the management practice earlier than SMB. Namely, no nitrogen flow from SMB to crop. Furthermore, most applied nitrogen was denitrified and the rate of decomposition (amount of released nitrogen) not affected yield or SMB, so the nitrogen flows of applied organic matter, SMB, and crops are independent. Therefore, the nitrogen source of both SMB and crops is biological fixation. Conclusions: The correlation between SMB and crop yield is not a causal relationship. The nitrogen source for both is biological nitrogen fixation. The application of organic matter enhances this by occurring nitrogen starvation but not providing a nitrogen source.
How Complementors Benefit from Taking Competition to the System Level
Authors: Reisinger Markus , Schmidt Jens , Stieglitz Nils 
Published: January 2021

In many industries, multiple independent complementors supply the individual components of a system. In this paper, we develop a formal model to examine the tensions and tradeoffs that result when a firm—either one of the complementors or a de novo entrant—takes competition to the system level by launching an integrated offering that combines the multiple components. A complementor who takes competition to the system level becomes a competitor to itself at the system level. As a consequence, the task of maintaining the competitiveness of the multiple-component system rests on the shoulders of the remaining complementor. We show that this allows the integrator to earn additional profits at the expense of the complementor—that is, it can raise the price of its component and thereby squeeze the margin of its complementor. We find that this squeezing effect can be so strong that offering an integrated system is profitable even if the system itself is unprofitable. Interestingly, when analyzing the possibility of entry by a de novo integrator who does not suffer from self-cannibalization, we show that an incumbent complementor may nevertheless have stronger incentives to launch an integrated offering. This is because the incumbent's ability to benefit from squeezing its complementor and earn additional profits on cannibalized sales leads to an entrant's disadvantage when taking competition to the system level. We also discuss defense strategies for complementors to shield themselves against the consequences of integration by their complementor.This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Hard-to-heal wounds: a randomised trial of an oral proline-containing supplement to aid repair
Authors: Mehl Adriano A , Damião Adérson OMC , Viana Sâmela DDO , Andretta Camila P 
Published: January 2021

Objective:We evaluated the effects of a specialised oral nutritional supplement (ONS) containing arginine and proline, with high vitamin A, C and E, zinc and selenium content, on the repair of hard-to-heal wounds.Method:Patients with hard-to-heal wounds were evaluated at five timepoints (S0–S4) over four consecutive weeks. At S0 patients were randomised to the specialised ONS (n=15; 25 wounds) or control (n=15; 25 wounds) groups. Posology was 200ml twice daily over the research period. Wound surface area and perimeter were monitored. In addition to the metric data, it was also possible to calculate the rate of wound contraction and the linear growth of the wound edges, looking for wound-healing predictive factors.Results:A total of 30 patients took part in the study. Mean age was 65 years and 50% of patients had diabetes. Of the total evaluated wounds, 78% were <50cm2, 14% were 50–150cm2and 8% were >250cm2. In 96% of cases, the wounds were in the lower limbs. A statistically significant reduction (p=0.004) in surface area of the wounds due to the specialised ONS, with a performance peak between S1 and S2, was observed. This specialised ONS did not induce changes in blood pressure, blood glucose level or renal function. A mean weekly wound edge growth of 1.85mm in patients with diabetes and 3.0mm in those without diabetes was observed. These results were 2.9 and 4.6 times, respectively, higher than expected, according to the literature.Conclusion:Specialised ONS can be a therapeutic option for hard-to-heal wounds.
Jones pupil decomposition and its lithographic imaging impacts
Authors: Niu Zhiyuan , Ding Ming , Jiang Junhai , Shang Hongbo , Zhu Siyu , Zhang Fang , Shi Weijie , Zeng Aijun , Huang Huijie 
Published: January 2021

The Jones pupil is a full description of imaging properties of projection lenses in optical lithography. The decomposition of the Jones pupil into components with clear physical meanings was studied previously; however, the decomposition method has not been studied systematically. To generalize the existing decomposition method, this work is aimed at finding all the decomposition methods and analyzing the lithographic imaging impacts. In this work, six decomposition methods are proposed, and the lithographic imaging impacts of the Jones components are studied and compared for all the decomposition methods. The results demonstrate that, although the decomposition methods are different, their lithographic impacts are identical. To be specific, apodization has a dominant impact on the critical dimension with a magnitude of 1.3 nm, and the impact of diattenuation is 0.3 nm. In contrast, the impacts of the other Jones components of aberration, birefringence, rotator, and ellipticity are negligible. This work gives a complete understanding of the imaging impacts of the Jones pupil.
Optical design and fabrication of a smartphone fundus camera
Authors: Chen Weilin , Chang Jun , Zhao Xuehui , Liu Sitong 
Published: January 2021

Fundus examination plays an important part in a medical setting. The fundus camera is one of the detection instruments used in obtaining fundus images, which can reflect information about disease and other conditions. However, traditional fundus cameras have many disadvantages in regard to data sharing, image recognition, and processing, as well as doctor-patient communication. In recent years, mobile medical systems have gradually become more prevalent in medical and health system environments. In this paper, we propose a design method for a smartphone fundus camera consisting of an illumination system and an imaging system. The end of the system can be combined with a smartphone to take the fundus images directly. We manufactured a prototype, designed an artificial eye model, and carried out a series of experiments. The results show that we can get fundus images clearly, and the imaging system will be able to correct refractive errors ranging from

−

8

D

∼
+

8

D

. The spatial resolution of the system is up to 15 µm. This is a portable device with an overall size of

160

m
m

×
160

m
m

×
80

m
m

and a weight of 540 g. It has the advantages of lower price, simple operation, high resolution, and compact size, making it suitable as a portable ocular monitoring device.