bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the European Union’s Policy of Cryptocurrencies‘ Regulation
Authors: Turskytė Ieva , Šapkauskienė Alfreda 
Published: March 2021

In 2008, a global financial crisis happened. It led to strong currency price volatility. Because of that, discussions on the need for an alternative, institution-independent currency occurred. Due to this reason the first decentralized cryptocurrency Bitcoin was created. The new and not yet explored concept of cryptocurrency changed the previously strictly defined role of money. Currently, with the growth of the cryptocurrency market, the most important regional institutions (e.g. FED, EBA) provide regulatory guidelines of a recommendatory nature. The regulations of these institutions remain significant, reflecting the dominant approach to digital money. Because of this reason, the aim of the study is to identify the factors that determine the difficulties in the legalization process of cryptocurrencies and to investigate the features of the European Union's cryptocurrency regulatory policy. Methods used: analysis of scientific literature and legal documents, systematization, comparison, interpretation and generalization of information. The results of the study show that the European Union has taken active regulatory action with the growing importance of cryptocurrencies in the world. To date, a document regulating the definition of cryptocurrencies has not yet been adopted at Union level, but the adoption of the cryptocurrency regulation proposal presented in 2020 would mean greater clarity and security for cryptocurrency issuers, intermediaries and users.
Sistem Informasi Spasial untuk Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Berapi
Authors: Septianto Diar Ichrom , Arham Zainul , Rustamaji Eri 
Published: March 2021

Terhitung sekitar 13% gunung api dunia berada di wilayah Indonesia. Salah satunya adalah Semeru. Kawah gunung Semeru setiap jamnya mengalami erupsi sebanyak 3 sampai 4 kali. Bila gunung tertinggi di pulau Jawa ini meletus diperkirakan akan mengancam sekitar lebih dari 60 ribu jiwa. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana selaku yang bertanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan penanggulangan bencana, melakukan upaya pengurangan resiko atau mitigasi, untuk menekan jumlah korban yang ditimbulkan. Namun dalam penerapannya terdapat permasalahan seperti data mitigasi yang tidak terintegrasi, peta tematik yang bersifat manual, dan terbatasnya pengetahuan mitigasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti mengembangkan Sistem Informasi Spasial Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Api untuk mendukung kegiatan pengurangan resiko bencana gunung api. Metode Rapid Application Development dan tools Unified Modelling Language digunakan untuk mengembangkan sistem. Untuk mengumpulkan data, penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Bahasa pemograman PHP dan Java serta framework Laravel dan MySQL digunakan untuk membangun sistem. Untuk pemetaan menggunakan ArcGis sedangkan uji coba sistem menggunakan metode Black Box Testing. Sistem yang dihasilkan dapat menampilkan informasi mitigasi bencana letusan gunung api. Terdapat fitur pemetaan, untuk memberikan visualisasi mengenai daerah rawan serta letak lokasi penting. Melalui sistem ini masyarakat dapat dengan mudah memperoleh informasi terkait pengurangan resiko dan dapat meningkatkan kesiapsiagaannya terhadap bencana letusan gunung api.
Az elhízás kezelése és megelőzése: táplálkozás, testmozgás, orvosi lehetőségek
Authors: Rurik Imre , Apor Péter , Barna Mária , Barna István , Bedros J. Róbert , Kempler Péter , Martos Éva , Mohos Elemér , Pavlik Gábor , †Pados Gyula , Pucsok József , Simonyi Gábor , Bíró György 
Published: March 2021

Összefoglaló. Az elhízás és következményes megbetegedései fontos
népegészségügyi problémát jelentenek hazánkban is. Kezelése komoly szakmai
kihívás, ugyanakkor prevenciója eredményesebb lehet. Az elhízott betegekkel
leggyakrabban találkozó háziorvosok, más szakorvosok és egészségügyi szakemberek
részéről nagy igény van egy viszonylag rövid, áttekinthető, naprakész
gyakorlatias útmutatóra. A különböző orvosszakmai társaságokban tevékenykedő,
évtizedes szakmai tapasztalatokkal rendelkező szerzők összefoglalják
tudományosan megalapozott, bizonyítékokon alapuló ismereteiket. Az elhízás
kezelését lépcsőzetesen célszerű megkezdeni, előtte felmérve a beteg
motivációját, általános állapotát, lehetőségeit. A szerzők leírják az
energiaszükséglet meghatározásával, az étrenddel és a fizikai aktivitás
megtervezésével kapcsolatos alapvető szempontokat. Felsorolják a hazánkban
elérhető gyógyszereket és metabolikus sebészeti beavatkozásokat, az életmódi
támogatás igényét. Az elhízás megelőzésében az élet első 1000 napjának
táplálkozása, a későbbiekben a szülői minta a meghatározó. Sok kihasználatlan
lehetősége van a háziorvosok, a lakóközösségek, az állami szervek koordinált
együttműködésének, helyi kezdeményezéseknek. Az elhízás betegségként való
meghatározása egyaránt igényel egészségpolitikai és kormányzati támogatást, az
elhízottak ellátására szakosodott multidiszciplináris centrumok számának és
kompetenciájának növelését. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(9): 323–335.
Summary. Obesity and related morbidities have a high public health
impact in Hungary. The treatment is a challenge, but prevention seems more
effective. General practitioners, other specialists and health care
professionals who are treating obese persons require short, summarized, updated
and practical guideline. Hungarian medical professionals of different scientific
societies, having decennial practices, are summarizing their evidence-based
knowledge. Obesity management requires step by step approach, evaluating
previously the general health condition, motivation and options of the patients.
The measurement of energy requirement, planning of diet and physical activities,
available surgical methods and medications are described in detail with life
style and mental support needed. The most important period in the prevention of
obesity is the first 1000 days from conception. Other significant factors are
the life style habits of the parents. Proper obesity prevention requires better
coordination of primary health care, community and governmental activities.
Obesity should be defined as morbidity, therefore stronger governmental support
and more health-policy initiatives are needed, beside increasing number and
developing of multidisciplinary centres. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(9): 323–335.
Contamination of used toothbrushes and their decontamination with disinfecting agents
Authors: Ralephenya Tshakane RMD , Molepo Julitha , Molaudzi Mulalo , Volchansky Alfred , Shangase Sindisiwe L 
Published: March 2021

AIM: To evaluate microbial contamination of toothbrushes and the efficacy of different oral disinfectant agents in their decontamination METHODS: The heads of 98 used toothbrushes derived from patients who needed oral hygiene treatment were included in the study. In the laboratory, microorganisms on toothbrush heads were identified using standard microbiological methods. Toothbrush heads with microorganisms were then randomly divided into four groups of 19 and disinfected with Brushtox, Andolex C, Listerine® and water (control), followed by microbiological analysis RESULTS: Seventy eight percent of toothbrushes were contaminated with different microorganisms. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were found in a high number of toothbrushes (49%), followed by Pseudomonas spp (37%), Staphylococcus aureus (32%), Streptococcus mutans (14%), coliforms (9%) and Candida albicans (3%). Decontamination of toothbrushes with Andolex C and Listerine® reduced the number of contaminated toothbrushes by 74% each, Brushtox by 90% and water by 0.0% CONCLUSION: Toothbrushes were contaminated with various types of microorganisms, but predominantly with CoNS. Although Brushtox is a toothbrush spray, soaking toothbrushes in this solution was the most effective method, reducing the number of disinfected toothbrushes by 90%. Oral health practitioners should raise awareness to their patients regarding the need to disinfect toothbrushes.
Особенности сорбционного извлечения 4-гидроксибензальдегида из водных растворов активированным углем Norit GAC 1240W
Authors: Voronyuk Iraida V. , Eliseeva Tatiana V. , Sviridova Elena S. , Selemenev Vladimir F. , Sushkova Anastasiya A. , Sholokhova Anastasiya Yu. 
Published: March 2021

Активированные угли относятся к наиболее распространенным неорганическим сорбентам, активно используемым во многих областях промышленности с целью извлечения органических токсикантов. В настоящей работе проведено исследование особенностей сорбции представителя ряда замещенных бензальдегидов – пара-гидроксибензальдегида (ПГБА) – из водных растворов активированным углем Norit GAC1240W в статических условиях. Проведено сравнение равновесных характеристик сорбционного процесса с использованием товарного образца сорбента и предварительно растертого образца до порошкообразного состояния. Отмечен различный вид полученных зависимостей. Вследствие увеличения площади поверхности раздела на границе водный раствор ПГБА – сорбент и ее однородности наблюдается повышение сродства активированного угля к ароматическому альдегиду.
В работе проведена оценка изотерм сорбции с использованием формального подхода, основанного на подборе уравнений сорбции (Ленгмюра, Темкина, Фрейндлиха), максимально близко описывающих полученные зависимости. Отмечено, что наибольшие коэффициенты корреляции линейной зависимости для гранулированного сорбента отмечаются в результате представления кривой в координатах линеаризованного уравнения Фрейндлиха, для предварительно растертого – в координатах линеаризованного уравнения Ленгмюра. Представление зависимости емкости угля от равновесной концентрации гидроксибензальдегида в растворе в координатах уравнения мономолекулярной сорбции Ленгмюра позволило рассчитать некоторые равновесные характеристики исследуемого процесса (энергию сорбционного процесса, его энтальпию и энтропию). Отмечено, что поглощение пара-гидроксибензальдегида из раствора сопровождается экзотермическим эффектом. Кроме того, исследованы некоторые кинетические параметры сорбции – время достижения равновесия и константа скорости исследуемого процесса. Проведен анализ кинетической кривой сорбции ПГБА с позиции уравнений псевдо-первого, псевдо-второго порядков и Вебера-Мориса. Отмечено, что уравнение псевдо-второго порядка оптимально для описания полученной зависимости.
Таким образом, исследование сорбционного извлечения пара-гидроксибензальдегида из водных растворов с использованием активированного угля Norit GAC1240W позволило определить особенности равновесия и кинетики изучаемого процесса и оценить роль площади поверхности в случае молекулярной адсорбции данного соединения.
Nepafenac vs bromfenac: A comparative study to determine their role in maintaining mydriasis during cataract surgery
Authors: Prasad Rahul , Bandyopadhyay Antabha , Tiwari Deepti , Singh Bibha 
Published: March 2021

To assess and compare the role of topical nepafenac (0.1%) v/s bromfenac (0.09%) in sustaining intra-operative mydriasis while doing cataract extraction.: Prospective, randomized study. Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi (Jharkhand). The duration of study was from June 2019 to February 2020. Topical NSAIDs (nepafenac and bromfenac) and carboxymethylcellulose (control) were administered to the cataract patients before Phaco surgery. Pupillary diameters were assessed first at starting of surgery and then after completing the surgery; average values were calculated for the three groups. Study was done on 90 patients having age 40-80 years, planned for cataract surgery with PCIOL implantation. : in group A (i.e. control) reduction in pupillary diameter came out to be more statistically significant unlike in group B (nepafenac) and in group C (bromfenac) (p &#60;0.003). But on comparing group B and group C(p &#60; 0.80) reduction in pupillary diameter was not that much statistically different. Mydriasis sustaining effect was more pronounced in groups B and C than in group A. : Both nepafenac (0.1%) and bromfenac (0.09%) administered a day before operation are helpful in sustaining pupil size intra-operatively but bromfenac comparatively seemed to be better than nepafenac in sustaining mydriasis during SICS/Phaco.
Treatment with Nd:YAG for posterior capsular opacification after cataract surgery
Authors: Manikala Sailaja 
Published: March 2021

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a one of the important complications of cataract surgery. Nd:YAG is used for the treatment of posterior capsular opacification with very good outcome. Aim of this study was to analyse the improvement of visual acuity after PCO and also to estimate the total laser energy required to perform capsulotomy. 129 patients between the ages of 35 to 85 years, who had a successful cataract surgery and complained of failing vision after a period of time of the surgery. PCO was graded and pre and post visual acuity was taken and compared. Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was done for all patients. Majority of patients (31.8%) had opacification between 6-12 months after surgery. 38 patients had PCO between 13-18 months, while 26 patients had in between 19-24 months after surgery. 12 patients had PCO before 6 months interval after the cataract surgery. After the laser treatment, only 2 patients showed not much improvement, while most of the patients showed a marked improvement of a visual acuity of 6/6-6/12 in 88 (68.2%) of the patients, while 39 (30.2%) showed 6/18 – 6/24 visual acuity. Most common complication of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was elevated intraocular pressure.Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy is found to be a very easy and non-invasive procedure to treat posterior capsular opacification. It is found to be very effective and safe to perform with very few complications.
Epidemiology and visual outcome of childhood cataract at tertiary eye care centre in west central India
Authors: Shah Dhaivat , Ramteke Pradeep , Jain Hardik , Singh Rahul , Vaishnav Garima 
Published: March 2021

To study epidemiological profile of childhood cataract & visual outcome after cataract surgery in West Central India. Retrospective analysis of records was done for patients who were operated for childhood cataract from June 2018 to April 2020. Total 244 eyes of 178 patients’ included.100 were male & 78 female, mean ages at the time of surgery was 8.64 years (SD2.63 years). Of these 178 patients 102 (57.30%) had unilateral and 76 (42.69%) had bilateral cataract. Most of congenital and traumatic cataract belonged to 7 years to 12 years age group & developmental, complicated & others in age group of 13 years to 18 years. Visual axis opacification were noted in 14 patients due to posterior capsular opacification, corneal opacity and pigment deposition over IOL.Treatment of childhood cataract has evolved but delivering the facilities to patients has been a biggest challenge to health care providers. This can be improved by delivering accurate & frequent counseling to society including prevention, identification, intervention and rehabilitation and collaborating with government programs like RBSK and AYUSHMAN Bharat.
Demographic profile and associated risk factors in retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Deb Subhashish , Paul Gautam 
Published: March 2021

: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in 52 eyes of 46 patients in the department of ophthalmology, Silchar Medical College, Silchar for a period of one year. May, 2019 with due consideration of definitive aims and objectives. The commonest (60.87%) age group affected in RVO was 50-69 years. Majority of patients belonged to middle socioeconomic status. Systemic hypertension was the most frequently (52.17%) associated systemic condition to be found as predisposing factors for developing retinal vein occlusion. Other significant risk factors found in this study were diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia and hypermetropia was found to be another risk factor for the development of RVO. Though RVOs occur with different facets of demography and predisposing factors, most of these are not in direct association with RVOs.
What Does the Middle Ages Teach Us for Today?
Authors: Poirel Dominique 
Published: March 2021

Czego uczy nas dzisiaj średniowiecze?
Na tyle, na ile można posłużyć się historią do zrozumienia swojego czasu, z badań nad średniowieczem można wyciągnąć trzy główne wnioski. Po pierwsze, powtarzająca się konfrontacja z nowymi ludami nie przeszkodziła w powstaniu jednej wspólnoty kulturowej. Po drugie, wśród przyczyn, które pozwoliły na tę asymilację, jest coś, co można by nazwać „kompleksem niższości”, który paradoksalnie popychał ludzi średniowiecza do ciągłego wprowadzania innowacji z podziwu dla swoich prestiżowych poprzedników. Wreszcie pragnieniu jedności towarzyszyły liczne napięcia i faktyczny pluralizm, ponieważ jednoczących biegunów było kilka: filozoficzna mądrość odziedziczona z Aten, prawo cywilne przekazane z Rzymu, wiara chrześcijańska otrzymana z Jerozolimy.
On Analytic Multivalent Function Associated with Cosine Hyperbolic Function
Authors: MUHAMMAD AZAM 
Published: March 2021

In this article, we set up some adequate conditions for analytic functions associated with cosine hyperbolic function. We determine conditions on α such that
1+α (ϰ^(2+P(j-1) ) g^' (ϰ))/(Pg^j (ϰ)),for each j=0,1,2,3
are subordinated by Janowski function, then (g(ϰ))/ϰ^P &lt;cosℏ⁡(ϰ),(ϰ∈C). By choosing specific values of functions g we get some adequate conditions for multivalent starlike function related with cosine hyperbolic.
Kajian Ketersediaan Air dan Potensi Daya Listrik Yang Dihasilkan Pada Rencana Pembangunan PLTMH Kebongembong Kabupaten Kendal
Authors: Rifai Muji 
Published: March 2021

Potensi sumber daya air yang melimpah di Indonesia karena banyak terdapatnya hutan hujan tropis dapat diolah, bila hal ini dapat dikembangkan, konversi air menjadi energi listrik lebih baik dan efisien. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) merupakan alternatif sumber energi listrik bagi masyarakat. Dalam upaya ikut berpartisipasi pada sektor ketenagalistrikan nasional maka akan membangun PLTMH yang berada di Desa Kebongembong Kecamatan Pageruyung. Secara teknis, PLTMH memiliki tiga komponen utama yaitu air (sumber energi), turbin dan generator. Air yang bisa digunakan untuk harus mempunyai kapasitas aliran serta tinggi jatuh air (<em>head</em>) tertentu, karena tinggi jatuh air dan kapasitas air berpengaruh pada daya listrik yang dihasilkan, karena prinsip kerja PLTMH adalah memanfaatkan beda tinggi dan jumlah debit yang ada pada aliran. Untuk perhitungan ketersediaan air Sungai Lampir (lokasi rencana PLTMH Kebongembong), dalam kajian ini mengambil titik kontrol yaitu di rencana bangunan pengambilan/bendung Kebongembong. Dalam merencanakan PLTMH, debit yang diperlukan yaitu debit yang konstan agar pasokan tenaga listrik dari turbin yang digerakan oleh air dapat berjalan secara kontinyu. Sehingga dalam menghitung potensi daya listrik yang dapat dihasilkan akan menggunakan debit terkecil dari Q-90 yaitu sebesar 1,2 m3/detik. Sehingga dengan menghitung berdasarkan debit, beda tinggi (head) serta efisiensi alat, maka besarnya potensi daya listrik yang dapat dihasilkan oleh PLTMH Kebongembong yaitu sebesar 370 kW.
COEVALNESS OF INSECT TRACE FOSSILS AND TRACE-BEARING ROCKS, A CASE STUDY FROM THE PLIO?-PLEISTOCENE OF SW SPAIN
Authors: MAYORAL EDUARDO , GENISE JORGE F. , RODRÍGUEZ-TOVAR FRANCISCO J. , SANTOS ANA 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Plio?-Pleistocene outcrops located at the southwestern edge of the Guadalquivir Basin in the area of Lepe (Huelva, Spain) provide an interesting example for studying the contemporaneity of traces with the rocks that contain them. Two different types of cells compatible with the ichnogenera Celliforma (Type 1) and Palmiraichnus (Type 2) were found in these outcrops. Their walls were constructed with the same material as the matrix and our first research in the area showed no extant bees producing them suggesting that they were coeval with the trace-bearing rocks. The case of the “Palmiraichnus-like” Type 2 cells was misleading because of its similarity with Palmiraichnus described from the region in the Canary Islands and Balearic Archipelago (Spain). Two determining features were vital in clarifying this first appearance. In the Palmiraichnus-like cells we found remains of a larval cocoon in one cell that could be dated by C14, giving a modern age. In the Celliforma-like cells more field research in the area allow us to observe extant bees nesting in these rocks in autumn. Ichnological literature show a few cases of asynchronies involving extant traces found mostly in Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks. In contrast, the case presented herein indicates the time gap between the bearing rocks and the Lepe traces was shorter (ca. 12 ky–2.6 My), enhancing the similarity of traces and rocks and thus their potential coevalness. This case may serve as a warning about other potential examples in the fossil record in which relatively short asynchronies between traces and paleosols exist.
DIFFUSE TERMITINAE NESTS SHED LIGHT ON THE AFFINITIES OF LAETOLICHNUS KWEKAI (KRAUSICHNIDAE)
Authors: CANTIL LILIANA F. , GENISE JORGE F. , FARINA JUAN L. , LUPO SEBASTIÁN , PORRINI DARÍO , KWEKASON AMANDUS , HARRISON TERRY 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The insect trace fossil Laetolichnus kwekai, which is composed of a small chamber extending to slender cylinders at each end, was tentatively included in the ichnofamily Krausichnidae as termite nests. New evidence presented here provides information to validate these inferences. A more complex structure formed by interconnected Laetolichnus was recently found in the same Pliocene deposits (Laetoli, Tanzania) as the isolated specimens reported previously. Our study confirms inclusion of Laetolichnus in Krausichnidae and supports the inference that it represents a nest of a social insect. Neoichnological field studies in the coastal dunes of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, were undertaken to refine further the nature of these affinities. Survey of the dune surface revealed abundant loose fragments of termite nests of a size and shape comparable to that of L. kwekai. The fragile nests constructed by Onkotermes brevicorniger, which are described here in detail for the first time, enable us to interpret the fossil structures. They consist of connected chambers similar to the interconnected Laetolichnus. These were frequently exposed and broken by wind action resulting in loose fragments similar to the isolated Laetolichnus. The Celliforma ichnofacies represented at Laetoli, which contains L. kwekai, indicates arid or semiarid shrublands and woodlands. The distribution of O. brevicorniger also corresponds to arid and semiarid shrublands and dry woodlands of Argentina. Although the African termite producer of L. kwekai and the South American Onkotermes would be phylogenetically unrelated, the analogous structures probably reflect convergent nesting behaviors as an adaptation to similar arid to semiarid environmental conditions.