bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress at work: Self‐monitoring of stressors and resources to support employees
Authors: van Herpen Merel Marjolein , te Brake Hans , Olff Miranda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh levels of stress at work may have serious consequences for employee functioning and mental health. By providing employees with an easily accessible instrument to regularly evaluate stressors and resources, employee self‐monitoring and guidance to support can be accommodated. We evaluated an online self‐monitoring tool Brief Assessment of Stress and Energy (BASE). Through their organization, 139 railway emergency services employees were invited to complete BASE and six wellbeing measures. We assessed BASE in two ways: using multiple regression analysis (N = 102, 73.4%), as well as by telephone follow‐up interviews during which experts and respondents evaluated the BASE outcome (N = 67, 65.7%). Explained variances of BASE on the six wellbeing measures ranged between 26.6% and 49.9%. Telephone interviews confirmed the BASE outcome. The results indicate that BASE is associated with several measures of wellbeing and accurately refers respondents to counseling. This study shows that BASE is a promising instrument to encourage employees to self‐monitor stressors and resources and identify those who need counseling.
Automated Safety Verification of Programs Invoking Neural Networks
Authors: Christakis Maria , Eniser Hasan Ferit , Hermanns Holger , Hoffmann Jörg , Kothari Yugesh , Li Jianlin , Navas Jorge A. , Wüstholz Valentin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractState-of-the-art program-analysis techniques are not yet able to effectively verify safety properties of heterogeneous systems, that is, systems with components implemented using diverse technologies. This shortcoming is pinpointed by programs invoking neural networks despite their acclaimed role as innovation drivers across many application areas. In this paper, we embark on the verification of system-level properties for systems characterized by interaction between programs and neural networks. Our technique provides a tight two-way integration of a program and a neural-network analysis and is formalized in a general framework based on abstract interpretation. We evaluate its effectiveness on 26 variants of a widely used, restricted autonomous-driving benchmark.
Theory Exploration Powered by Deductive Synthesis
Authors: Singher Eytan , Itzhaky Shachar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a symbolic method for automatic theorem generation based on deductive inference. Many software verification and reasoning tasks require proving complex logical properties; coping with this complexity is generally done by declaring and proving relevant sub-properties. This gives rise to the challenge of discovering useful sub-properties that can assist the automated proof process. This is known as the theory exploration problem, and so far, predominant solutions that emerged rely on evaluation using concrete values. This limits the applicability of these theory exploration techniques to complex programs and properties.In this work, we introduce a new symbolic technique for theory exploration, capable of (offline) generation of a library of lemmas from a base set of inductive data types and recursive definitions. Our approach introduces a new method for using abstraction to overcome the above limitations, combining it with deductive synthesis to reason about abstract values. Our implementation has shown to find more lemmas than prior art, avoiding redundant lemmas (in terms of provability), while being faster in most cases. This new abstraction-based theory exploration method is a step toward applying theory exploration to software verification and synthesis.
Electric dipole moment constraints on CP-violating heavy-quark Yukawas at next-to-leading order
Authors: Brod Joachim , Stamou Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectric dipole moments are sensitive probes of new phases in the Higgs Yukawa couplings. We calculate the complete two-loop QCD anomalous dimension matrix for the mixing of CP-odd scalar and tensor operators and apply our results for a phenomenological study of CP violation in the bottom and charm Yukawa couplings. We find large shifts of the induced Wilson coefficients at next-to-leading-logarithmic order. Using the experimental bound on the electric dipole moments of the neutron and mercury, we update the constraints on CP-violating phases in the bottom and charm quark Yukawas.
A complete effective field theory for dark matter
Authors: Criado Juan Carlos , Djouadi Abdelhak , Pérez-Victoria Manuel , Santiago José 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present an effective field theory describing the relevant interactions of the Standard Model with an electrically neutral particle that can account for the dark matter in the Universe. The possible mediators of these interactions are assumed to be heavy. The dark matter candidates that we consider have spin 0, 1/2 or 1, belong to an electroweak multiplet with arbitrary isospin and hypercharge and their stability at cosmological scales is guaranteed by imposing a ℤ2 symmetry. We present the most general framework for describing the interaction of the dark matter with standard particles, and construct a general non-redundant basis of the gauge-invariant operators up to dimension six. The basis includes multiplets with non-vanishing hypercharge, which can also be viable DM candidates. We give two examples illustrating the phenomenological use of such a general effective framework. First, we consider the case of a scalar singlet, provide convenient semi-analytical expressions for the relevant dark matter observables, use present experimental data to set constraints on the Wilson coefficients of the operators, and show how the interplay of different operators can open new allowed windows in the parameter space of the model. Then we study the case of a lepton isodoublet, which involves coannihilation processes, and we discuss the impact of the operators on the particle mass splitting and direct detection cross sections. These examples highlight the importance of the contribution of the various non-renormalizable operators, which can even dominate over the gauge interactions in certain cases.
Four-dimensional de Sitter space is a Glauber-Sudarshan state in string theory
Authors: Brahma Suddhasattwa , Dasgupta Keshav , Tatar Radu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We show that four-dimensional de Sitter space is a Glauber-Sudarshan state, i.e. a coherent state, over a supersymmetric solitonic background in full string theory. We argue that such a state is only realized in the presence of temporally varying degrees of freedom and after including quantum corrections, with supersymmetry being broken spontaneously. On the other hand, fluctuations over the resulting de Sitter space is governed by the Agarwal-Tara state, which is a graviton (and flux)-added coherent state. Once de Sitter space is realized as a coherent state, and not as a vacuum, its ability to remain out of the swampland as well as issues regarding its (meta)stability, vacuum energy, and finite entropy appear to have clear resolutions.
Ingestion von Knopfzellen – Spannung für alle Beteiligten
Authors: Sanders M. , Wunsch R. , Seul R. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungEs werden 3 klinische Fälle im Ösophagus feststeckender Knopfzellen mit endoskopischer Entfernung 5 h sowie 3 und 12 Monate nach Ingestion präsentiert. Bei zunehmender Verweildauer der Knopfzelle kam es zu immer stärker ausgeprägten ösophagealen Kolliquationsnekrosen bis hin zu fast vollständiger Stenose des Ösophagus mit Verdrängung der Trachea.
Sind die Ergebnisse von Knietotalendoprothesen nach Tibiakopfumstellungsosteotomie schlechter?
Authors: Mäder Marcel , Beyer Franziska , Lützner Cornelia , Lützner Jörg 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei einem Teil der Patienten nach Tibiakopfumstellungsosteotomie (HTO) wird die Implantation einer Knietotalendoprothese (Knie-TEP) notwendig. Durch die HTO kann die Anatomie ungünstig verändert und die Knie-TEP-Operation erschwert sein. Ziel dieser Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob Patienten nach HTO gegenüber denjenigen mit primärer Gonarthrose in gleichem Maße von einer Knie-TEP profitieren.

Material und Methoden
Im lokalen Register konnten insgesamt 44 Patienten nach HTO und 1703 Patienten mit primärer Gonarthrose identifiziert werden. Zur Reduktion von Confoundern erfolgte eine 1:1 „propensity score matched-pair“-Analyse (Alter, Geschlecht, BMI, Komorbiditäten) bei Patienten mit einem 5‑Jahres-Follow-up. Es resultierten 35 gematchte Paare, welche hinsichtlich Kniefunktion, Schmerzniveau, Zufriedenheit mit dem Operationsergebnis sowie perioperativen Daten (Schnitt-Naht-Zeit, Implantattyp, Komplikationen) und Revisionen verglichen wurden.

Ergebnisse
Patienten mit vorangegangener HTO hatten prä- und 5 Jahre postoperativ eine vergleichbare Kniefunktion, jedoch ein signifikant höheres prä- und postoperatives Schmerzniveau. Trotz des höheren Schmerzniveaus zeigte sich eine vergleichbare Zufriedenheit mit dem Operationsergebnis. Die Schnitt-Naht-Zeit für die Knie-TEP nach HTO war signifikant länger und es wurden signifikant häufiger modulare Endoprothesen mit Stielverankerung implantiert. Hinsichtlich postoperativer Komplikationen innerhalb der ersten 3 Monate nach Operation unterschieden sich beide Kohorten nicht signifikant. Die Revisionsrate innerhalb von 5 Jahren war bei Patienten nach HTO nicht erhöht.

Schlussfolgerung
Fünf Jahre nach der Knie-TEP zeigten Patienten mit vorangegangener HTO eine vergleichbare Kniefunktion wie Patienten mit primärer Gonarthrose. Jedoch war bei Patienten nach HTO ein höheres Schmerzniveau zu verzeichnen. Der Operationsaufwand der Knie-TEP nach HTO war deutlich höher.
Close encounters of the worst kind: reforms needed to curb coral reef damage by recreational divers
Authors: Lin Bing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntentional and unintentional physical contact between scuba divers and the seabed is made by most divers and multiple times per dive, which often results in damage to corals and other marine life. Current efforts to reduce reef contacts (e.g., voluntary dive operator recognition programs and voluntary dive standards) can be effective, but lack sufficient incentive structures for long-term compliance. In their current capacity, these programs fail to reduce reef contacts to tolerable levels. Regulatory policies can facilitate pervasive and permanent shifts in human behavior, but have been underutilized to change unsustainable underwater norms. Most coral reefs open to recreational diving lie within territorial waters of individual countries, and many already have existing forms of protection with legislation that can be easily modified. Successful policy precedents in Marine Protected Areas (e.g., bans on underwater glove use) and elsewhere (e.g., anti-smoking laws in public spaces and legislation enforcing seat belt use) demonstrate the largely untapped potential of using effective governance to change destructive diving norms for good. To reduce intentional reef contacts, policy-makers can enact regulations in MPAs directly banning all contact between divers and the seabed. To reduce unintentional contacts, policy-makers can create policy safeguards that preempt such occurrences (e.g., requiring divers to keep a certain distance from the seabed). Crucially, such policies will need accompanying formal and informal enforcement measures that are equitable, effective, and efficient to motivate compliance and effect lasting behavior change. Having a robust, well-enforced, regulatory framework to tackle both types of reef contacts lends credence to the efforts of existing conservation programs, and is key to permanently changing divers’ underwater attitudes and fostering sustainable scuba diving behavior to the benefit of all.
In situ characterisation of absorbing species in stationary premixed flat flames using UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Bauer Florian J. , Degenkolb Michael U. J. , Huber Franz J. T. , Will Stefan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA one-dimensional premixed ethylene–air flame is investigated regarding the presence of various combustion intermediates and products relevant for the formation of carbonaceous particles for various equivalence ratios and spatial positions using in situ UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. A laser driven light source in combination with a fast spectrometer allow to record absorption spectra at a high rate required for practical combustion devices. The approach is coupled with a least squares regression procedure using a database of several absorbing species in the flame. To account for the high temperature flame conditions, the absorption spectra are convoluted by a simplified Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution model. While the approach is based on several assumptions and a verification requires future detailed intercomparison with other techniques, a first semi-quantitative evaluation can be obtained. This novel approach opens a potential route to the in situ measurement of the evolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in flames.
On a nonlinear rod exhibiting only axial and bending deformations: mathematical modeling and numerical implementation
Authors: Gebhardt Cristian Guillermo , Romero Ignacio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present the mathematical formulation and the numerical implementation of a new model for initially straight, transversely isotropic rods. By adopting a configuration space that intrinsically avoids shear deformations and by systemically neglecting the energetic contribution due to torsion, the proposed model admits an unconstrained variational statement. Moreover, as the natural state of the rod is the trivial one and the mechanical properties are homogeneous on the cross section, the need for pull-back and push-forward operations in the formulation is totally circumvented. These features impose, however, some smoothness requirements on the stored energy function that need to be carefully considered when adopting general constitutive models. In addition to introducing the rod model, we propose a spatial discretization with the finite element method, and a time integration with a hybrid, implicit scheme. To illustrate the favorable features of the new model, we provide results corresponding to numerical simulations for plane and three-dimensional problems that are investigated in the static and dynamic settings. Finally, and to put the presented ideas in a suitable context, we compare solutions obtained with the new model against a rod model that allows for torsion and shear.
The role of the Sapienza GLObal Bedside Evaluation of Swallowing after Stroke (GLOBE-3S) in the prevention of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP)
Authors: Jannini T. B. , Ruggiero M. , Viganò A. , Comanducci A. , Maestrini I. , Giuliani G. , Vicenzini E. , Fattapposta F. , Pauri F. , Ruoppolo G. , Toscano M. , Di Piero V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeStroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) affects 10 to 38% of patients in the acute phase of stroke. Stroke patients diagnosed with dysphagia have an 11-fold higher risk of developing SAP. Thus, identifying dysphagic patients through a highly accurate screening tool might be crucial in reducing the incidence of SAP. We present a case–control study designed to evaluate efficacy in reducing the risk of SAP between two swallowing screening tools, the classic water swallow test (WST) and a recently validated tool such as the GLOBE-3S (the Sapienza GLObal Bedside Evaluation of Swallowing after Stroke), which is a highly sensitive swallowing screening tool particularly accurate in detecting silent aspiration as well.MethodsWe analyzed the occurrence of dysphagia in 100 acute stroke patients distributed in two groups: half were screened with WST and the other half with GLOBE-3S.ResultsDysphagia was diagnosed in 28 patients. The main result is that, among patients who passed the dysphagia screenings, none of those screened with the GLOBE-3S method developed pneumonia compared to 31.82% in the WST group. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) showed that NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and the dysphagia screening method (i.e., GLOBE-3S vs. WST) were the two main factors in the SAP’s predicting model and the only significant ones per se.ConclusionsThe new GLOBE-3S screening test can reduce the risk of SAP compared to WST.
Comparisons of CODE and CNES/CLS GPS satellite bias products and applications in Sentinel-3 satellite precise orbit determination
Authors: Duan Bingbing , Hugentobler Urs 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo resolve undifferenced GNSS phase ambiguities, dedicated satellite products are needed, such as satellite orbits, clock offsets and biases. The International GNSS Service CNES/CLS analysis center provides satellite (HMW) Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena bias and dedicated satellite clock products (including satellite phase bias), while the CODE analysis center provides satellite OSB (observable-specific-bias) and integer clock products. The CNES/CLS GPS satellite HMW bias products are determined by the Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena (HMW) linear combination and aggregate both code (C1W, C2W) and phase (L1W, L2W) biases. By forming the HMW linear combination of CODE OSB corrections on the same signals, we compare CODE satellite HMW biases to those from CNES/CLS. The fractional part of GPS satellite HMW biases from both analysis centers are very close to each other, with a mean Root-Mean-Square (RMS) of differences of 0.01 wide-lane cycles. A direct comparison of satellite narrow-lane biases is not easily possible since satellite narrow-lane biases are correlated with satellite orbit and clock products, as well as with integer wide-lane ambiguities. Moreover, CNES/CLS provides no satellite narrow-lane biases but incorporates them into satellite clock offsets. Therefore, we compute differences of GPS satellite orbits, clock offsets, integer wide-lane ambiguities and narrow-lane biases (only for CODE products) between CODE and CNES/CLS products. The total difference of these terms for each satellite represents the difference of the narrow-lane bias by subtracting certain integer narrow-lane cycles. We call this total difference “narrow-lane” bias difference. We find that 3% of the narrow-lane biases from these two analysis centers during the experimental time period have differences larger than 0.05 narrow-lane cycles. In fact, this is mainly caused by one Block IIA satellite since satellite clock offsets of the IIA satellite cannot be well determined during eclipsing seasons. To show the application of both types of GPS products, we apply them for Sentinel-3 satellite orbit determination. The wide-lane fixing rates using both products are more than 98%, while the narrow-lane fixing rates are more than 95%. Ambiguity-fixed Sentinel-3 satellite orbits show clear improvement over float solutions. RMS of 6-h orbit overlaps improves by about a factor of two. Also, we observe similar improvements by comparing our Sentinel-3 orbit solutions to the external combined products. Standard deviation value of Satellite Laser Ranging residuals is reduced by more than 10% for Sentinel-3A and more than 15% for Sentinel-3B satellite by fixing ambiguities to integer values.
Transcatheter Repair and Replacement Technologies for Mitral Regurgitation: a European Perspective
Authors: Ooms Joris F. , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We aimed to picture the contemporary landscape of available catheter-based repair and replacement solutions for mitral regurgitation (MR) in Europe.

Recent Findings
Edge-to-edge repair remains the dominant technique for transcatheter mitral valve repair especially in the context of secondary mitral regurgitation. Two recent randomized trials reported seemingly contradicting clinical results with transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for patients with heart failure and severe secondary MR. A proportionality framework related to secondary MR was proposed to help explain inconsistencies but requires further research. (In)Direct annuloplasty primarily aims to correct secondary MR; however, the scientific basis seems less robust. One dedicated transcatheter heart valve has the CE mark for mitral valve replacement but requires transapical access. Balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve platforms are emerging for transvenous transseptal mitral replacement in the context of mitral annular calcification, a failing surgical mitral bioprosthesis, or annuloplasty. Advanced computed tomography imaging techniques improved pre-procedural planning and introduced the option for modeling and simulation.

Summary
Development of a toolbox of catheter-based technologies, complementary imaging modalities, and refined patient selection offer novel perspectives to high-risk patients with primary or secondary MR. Clinical trials are required to help formulate evidence-based guidelines for the management of mitral valve disease.
Intergenerational Messages as Sign of Wisdom of Active Polish and Czech Older Learners
Authors: Fabiś Artur , Wąsiński Arkadiusz , Čepelka Oldřich 
Published: July 2021

Abstract The goal of the paper is to identify the message in letters written by Polish and Czech seniors. The letters were subject to qualitative analysis. The method used was the analysis of the inspired texts—letters written by older people to the younger generation, which may become a didactic tool for the younger generations to learn from the biographies of seniors. The result of the analysis is a list of categories reflecting the main aspects dominating in the letters. These categories are: message addressed to a younger generation, important events and people in individual life story, reflection upon the meaning of life and concerns and challenges in the course of life. All the seniors express their affirmation of family, share ethical reflections on their relationships with other people and on passing. Thus, the main message of the letters is a call to cherish family relationships, nurture relations with other people and show respect to others.