bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unstable intraguild predation causes establishment failure of a globally invasive species
Authors: Tuckett Quenton M. , Deacon Amy E. , Fraser Douglas , Lyons Timothy J. , Lawson Katelyn␣M. , Hill Jeffrey E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiotic resistance is often posited, but rarely known, to be the cause of invasion failure. Competition and predation are the most frequently identified processes that may prevent or limit the establishment of nonnative species. Interactions between nonnative and native species that involve intraguild predation (IGP) are very common in nature, although theory predicts most IGP systems should be unstable and lead to extinction. If this prediction is true, the frequency of invasion failures due to IGP may be underappreciated because of their fleeting nature and, thus, studies of unstable IGP systems are lacking, despite the opportunities they offer for understanding the factors affecting their unstable dynamics. We investigated a failed invasion involving an IGP relationship. In Florida, the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a worldwide invader, fails to establish in the presence of eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). We tested whether and how resident mosquitofish cause guppy invasion failure using replicated mesocosm and aquarium trials. Both the predator and competitor components of the IGP relationship were strongly asymmetrical, with large impacts on guppies. We identified two effects, direct consumption of neonates and aggressive interference competition, that limited survival and recruitment. The highly unstable nature of this IGP relationship is the primary cause of the failure of the guppy to establish in Florida. Our study shows that the transient nature of an ephemeral IGP relationship can yield important insights into the underlying causes of invasion failure, including the role of strong biotic resistance.
Synthesis of Trinuclear Benzimidazole‐Fused Hybrid Scaffolds by Transition Metal‐Free Tandem C(sp2)−N Bond Formation under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Dao Pham Duy Quang , Cho Chan Sik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract2‐(2‐Bromoaryl)‐ and 2‐(2‐bromovinyl)benzimidazoles have been coupled and cyclized with 2‐methoxy‐ and 2‐aryloxybenzimidazoles as building blocks in the presence of a base under microwave irradiation to give a class of trinuclear N‐fused hybrid scaffolds, benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines and ‐pyrimidines, respectively, in good yields. 2‐(2‐Bromoaryl)‐ and 2‐(2‐bromovinyl)imidazoles also reacted with 2‐methoxybenzimidazoles in the presence of base under microwave irradiation to give a class of trinuclear N‐fused hybrid scaffolds, benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines and ‐pyrimidines, respectively, in similar yields. This process seems to proceed via an initial C(sp2)‐N coupling by an addition‐elimination nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) and subsequent cyclization accompanied by extrusion of alcohols.
Hydrolytic enzymes and their directly and indirectly effects on gluten and dough properties: An extensive review
Authors: Pourmohammadi Kiana , Abedi Elahe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPoor water solubility, emulsifying, and foaming properties of gluten protein have limited its applications. Gluten is structured by covalent (disulfide bonds) and noncovalent bonds (hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic bonds) which prone to alteration by various treatments. Enzyme modification has the ability to alter certain properties of gluten and compensate the deficiencies in gluten network. By hydrolyzing mechanisms and softening effects, hydrolytic enzymes affect gluten directly and indirectly and improve dough quality. The present review investigates the effects of some hydrolytic enzymes (protease and peptidase, alcalase, xylanase, pentosanase, and cellulase) on the rheological, functional, conformational, and nutritional features of gluten and dough. Overall, protease, peptidase, and alcalase directly affect peptide bonds in gluten. In contrast, arabinoxylan, pentosan, and cellulose are affected, respectively, by xylanase, pentosanase, and cellulase which indirectly affect gluten proteins. The changes in gluten structure by enzyme treatment allow gluten for being used in variety of purposes in the food and nonfood industry.
Energy analysis of non‐Newtonian nanofluid flow over parabola of revolution on the horizontal surface with catalytic chemical reaction
Authors: Zeeshan Ahmed , Awais Muhammad , Alzahrani Faris , Shehzad Nasir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNanofluids are special functional fluids, which are designed to reduce the loss of energy and maximize the transport of heat. The thermophoresis and Brownian motion of the particle are important factors in the transport of heat in these fluids. The rise in heat transport shows encouraging effects in control of dissipation of energy and reduces entropy generation. In the current study, two‐dimensional non‐Newtonian Casson nanofluid flow on an upper horizontal surface of a parabola is investigated. The impact of catalytic surface chemical reactions has been account also due to its industrial importance. For this flow problem, the governing equations are modeled using the law of conservation of mass, momentum, heat, and concentration equation. The fitting transformations are taken to change governing couple partial differential equations and domain into local similar ordinary differential equation and domain of [0,∞). Using the "RK4" approach with Newton's shooting schemes via MATLAB tools, the numerical solution of dimensionless governing equations is sorted. It is observed that the Casson fluid parameter caused a drop in temperature profile, and the chemical reaction parameter is the source of the rise in the temperature field.
Heat transfer analysis of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid through a porous medium with constant proportional Caputo derivative
Authors: Aleem Maryam , Asjad Muhammad Imran , Akgül Ali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article aims to investigate free convection of a Casson fluid past a vertical plate embedded in porous medium with invariant wall temperature. It is assumed that the fluid can conduct electricity and it is flowing across a porous medium. The partial differential equations governing the model are made dimensionless by using dimensionless parameters. The Laplace transform method is applied to get analytical results. Furthermore, the hybrid fractional model is developed and the exact solutions for momentum and energy equations are acquired. The obtained results are compared with classical ones and the effect of hybrid fractional parameters are analyzed graphically by using MathCad software. Skin friction and heat transfer rate is analyzed for small and large times and for hybrid fractional parameter . We also have seen the increasing velocity profiles for buoyancy parameter Gr, whereas temperature of the fluid decreases for Pr. The rate of heat transfer and skin friction can be minimized by increasing the values of . Furthermore, the constant proportional Caputo derivative model exhibits more decay in velocity in comparison with classical model given in Khalid et al. Therefore, the constant proportional Caputo differential model demonstrates better memory function than the classical one. Moreover, the obtained results are identical to already published results of Khalid et al. and Imran et al.
Collagen‐based biomaterials for biomedical applications
Authors: Rezvani Ghomi Erfan , Nourbakhsh Nooshin , Akbari Kenari Mahsa , Zare Mina , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCollagen is an insoluble fibrous protein that composes the extracellular matrix in animals. Although collagen has been used as a biomaterial since 1881, the properties and the complex structure of collagen are still extensive study subjects worldwide. In this article, several topics of importance for understanding collagen research are reviewed starting from its historical milestones, followed by the description of the collagen superfamily and its complex structures, with a focus on type I collagen. Subsequently, some of the superior properties of collagen‐based biomaterials, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties, and cell activities, are pinpointed. These properties make collagen applicable in biomedicine, such as wound healing, tissue engineering, surface coating of medical devices, and skin supplementation. Moreover, some antimicrobial strategies and the general host tissue responses regarding collagen as a biomaterial are presented. Finally, the current status and clinical application of the three‐dimensional (3D) printing techniques for the fabrication of collagen‐based scaffolds and the reconstruction of the human heart's constituents, such as capillary structures or even the entire organ, are discussed. Besides, an overall outlook for the future of this unique biomaterial is provided.
Antiosteoporotic effect of hesperidin against ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis in rats via reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Song Xiaoxia , Chen Xiaoming , Jiang Ruizhong , Peng Ke , Tang Xinqiao , Liu Zhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOsteoporosis is a serious health problem, especially in geriatric patients. Worldwide, it affects 8.9 million people every year. Oxidative stress and inflammation expand the osteoporosis reaction. Hesperidin supplement helps to decrease inflammation and oxidative stress. In this study, we estimated the antiosteoporotic effect of hesperidin against the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis. Hesperidin was orally administered at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg to OVX rats for 10 weeks. Different biochemical parameters, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and antioxidant parameters, were also estimated. The three‐point bending test, bone mineral density (BMD), and histomorphometric features of the femoral bone were also scrutinized. Hesperidin significantly decreased body weight and increased uterine weight. Hesperidin significantly reduced the ALP, OC, acid phosphatase, and β‐isomerized C‐terminal telopeptides levels in OVX rats. Hesperidin considerably increased BMD and dose‐dependently reduced the pixel density. Hesperidin considerably increased the maximum load, energy, stiffness, maximum stress, and young modulus. Hesperidin significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and increased the level of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase in OVX‐induced rats. Hesperidin significantly diminishes the cytokine levels, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐1β, and inflammatory mediators such as nuclear factor‐kappa B. It significantly reduced the level of Ca, P, and increased the level of vitamin D in OVX rats. Hesperidin significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the expression of sirtuin 1. Collectively, we can conclude that hesperidin exhibited better protection against osteoporosis by enhancing the bone density and bone mineral content in addition to biomechanical parameters.
Serum HDL cholesterol uptake capacity in subjects from the MASHAD cohort study: Its value in determining the risk of cardiovascular endpoints
Authors: Aghasizadeh Malihe , Samadi Sara , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Miri‐Moghaddam Ebrahim , Esmaily Habibollah , Souktanloo Mohamad , Avan Amir , Mansoori Amin , Ferns Gordon A. , Kazemi Tooba , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe efficiency of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) to efflux cholesterol contributes to the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway as one of HDL’s proposed functions and depends on the ability of HDL to uptake cholesterol. We aimed to investigate cholesterol uptake capacity (CUC) by a newly developed assay in samples from the MASHAD (Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders) cohort study.MethodThe study population comprised 153 individuals developed CVD diagnosed by a specialist cardiologist, over 6 years of follow‐up, and 350 subjects without CVD. We used a modified CUC method to evaluate the functionality of HDL in serum samples.ResultThe CUC assay was highly reproducible with values for inter‐ and intra‐assay variation of 13.07 and 6.65, respectively. The mean serum CUC was significantly lower in the CVD group compared to control (p = 0.01). Although, there were no significant differences in serum HDL‐C between the groups and there was no significantly association with risk of progressive CVD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significantly negative association between CUC and risk of CVD after adjustment for confounding parameters (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38–0.87, p = 0.009). The CUC was also inversely and independently associated with the risk of CVD event using Cox proportional hazards models analysis (HR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.41–0.94, p = 0.02). We determined the optimum cutoff value of 1.7 a.u for CUC in the population. Furthermore, the CUC value was important in determining the CVD risk stratification derived from data mining analysis.ConclusionsReduced HDL functionality, as measured by CUC, appears to predict CVD in population sample from north‐eastern Iran.
Two novel SASH1 mutations in Chinese families with dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria
Authors: Liu Jia‐Wei , Habulieti Xiaerbati , Wang Rong‐rong , Ma Dong‐Lai , Zhang Xue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by hyper‐ and hypo‐pigmented macules on the face, trunk, and extremities. The condition causes severe cosmetic problem which can lead to significant psychological distress to the patients and bear a negative impact on society. DUH is a condition with genetic heterogeneity. The SASH1 gene was recently identified as pathogenic genes in DUH patients.MethodsTwo families clinically diagnosed with dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria were enrolled. Whole‐exome sequencing combined with Sanger sequencing and bioinformatics analysis was performed in the probands. MutationTaster, CADD, SIFT, PolyPhen‐2, and LRT software, and The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Standards and Guidelines were employed to assess the pathogenicity of detected missense mutations. One hundred healthy unrelated Chinese individuals were used as controls. All participants signed an informed consent form.ResultsGenetic screening revealed a heterozygous SASH1 c.1547G>A (p.Ser516Asn) mutation for patients in family 1, and SASH1 c.1547G>T (p.Ser516Ile) for family 2. Both such de novo mutations are located in a highly conserved SLY domain in SASH1, have not been previously reported in any publication, and were not detected in any control databases.ConclusionsThe novel heterozygous mutations, SASH1 c.1547G>A and c.1547G>T, are likely responsible for the DUH phenotype in these two families. Our study expands the mutation spectrum of DUH. Whole‐exome sequencing showed its efficiency in the diagnostic of hereditary skin disorders.
Temporal and spatial characterization of negative regulatory T cells in HIV‐infected/AIDS patients raises new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Chen Hui , Ren ChuanLu , Song HuaFeng , Ma Li‐Ling , Chen Su‐Fang , Wu Min‐Juan , Zhang HuiDan , Xu Jun‐Chi , Xu Ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNegative regulatory T cells (Tregs) not only deplete effector T cells but also inhibit the clearance of HIV during infection, which may allow Tregs to be used as informative diagnostic markers. To facilitate both diagnosis and treatment, a thorough understanding of these regulators by characterizing them on temporal and spatial scales is strongly required.MethodsHundred HIV‐infected/AIDS patients, including 87 males, with an average age of 35.8 years, as well as 20 healthy controls, were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to analyze CD3+T cells, CD4+T cells, and CD8+T cells to evaluate the immune status of the participants. Then, a group of representative negative regulatory T cells, including CD4+PD‐1+T cells, CD4+PD‐1highT cells, CD8+PD‐1+T cells, and CD4+CD25high Tregs was also analyzed to explore their effects on disease progression and intercorrelation.ResultsThe percentages of CD4+PD‐1+T cells and CD4+CD25highTregs increased in patients with the same ultrahigh significance. Temporally, the patients with both intermediate‐stage and late‐stage disease had higher percentages of CD4+PD‐1+T cells; however, the percentage of CD4+CD25highTregs only increased in the patients with late‐stage disease. In addition, CD4+PD‐1+T cells but not CD4+CD25highTregs were negatively correlated with the absolute CD4+T cell count. Spatially, no correlations between CD4+PD‐1+T cells and CD4+CD25highTregs were observed, which suggests these Tregs function differently during immunosuppression.ConclusionsThis study characterized negative regulatory T cells in HIV‐infected/AIDS patients at both temporal and spatial scales and found that CD4+CD25+Tregs and CD4+PD‐1+T cells could be used as potential diagnostic markers for identifying different disease stages and monitoring disease progression.
Prevalence of superficial‐cutaneous fungal infections in Shiraz, Iran: A five‐year retrospective study (2015–2019)
Authors: Khodadadi Hossein , Zomorodian Kamiar , Nouraei Hasti , Zareshahrabadi Zahra , Barzegar Sajjad , Zare Mohammad Reza , Pakshir Keyvan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuperficial and cutaneous fungal infections are common in tropical areas. The aim of this study was to provide a basic database of superficial and cutaneous mycoses and the most common etiological agents among patients.MethodsBetween 2015 and 2019, a total of 1807 patients suspected of superficial and cutaneous mycosis referring to the mycology laboratory of Shiraz medical school, Fars, Iran were evaluated. Specimens were taken from the patients’ affected area, and clinical samples were examined by direct microscopy and culture. The epidemiological profile of the patients was collected.ResultsA total of 750 patients were confirmed with mycoses. Positive samples totaled 750 cases consisting of the nail (373/49.7%), skin (323/43%), head (47/6.26%), and mucosal membrane (4/0.5%). The yeasts group included 304 Candida spp. (70.3%), 123 Malassezia spp. (28.47%), and 5 Rhodotorula spp. (1.1%). The filamentous fungi were distributed as 34.8% dermatophytes and 7.5% non‐dermatophyte. The clinical types of dermatophytosis were tinea unguium (110/261), tinea capitis (50/261), tinea pedis (48/261), tinea corporis (37/261), and tinea cruris (16/261). Non‐dermatophyte molds included A. flavus 17, A. niger 4, Aspergillus spp. 15, Penicillium. 10, Fusarium 6, Mucor 2, Stemphylium 1, and Alternaria 1.ConclusionThis study provides useful data for the study trends of superficial and cutaneous fungal infections in a specific area. The mycological data confirmed higher incidence of candidiasis (mainly onychomycosis) and dermatophytosis in patients affected by fungal pathogens, which helped to better understand the epidemiological aspects of these mycoses.
Fear of happiness through the prism of the dual continua model of mental health
Authors: Blasco‐Belled Ana , Rogoza Radosław , Alsinet Carles , Torrelles‐Nadal Cristina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTwo studies were conducted to investigate fear of happiness through the lens of the dual continua model of mental health.MethodsIn Study 1, we examined whether depression (indicator of mental illness) and happiness (indicator of mental health) predicted fear of happiness through a Structural Equation Model. In Study 2, we ran a quasi‐experimental design to examine differences in affect (positive and negative), happiness and depression when engaging in either fearless or fearful beliefs of happiness.ResultsFear of happiness was positively and negatively predicted by depression and happiness, respectively. Fearless individuals reported higher positive affect and happiness, and lower negative affect and depression, than fearful individuals.ConclusionsFearing happiness might act as a maladaptive self‐verifying motive to enhance one's perspective of the world. Given the likelihood of modifying maladaptive cognitive patterns, we highlight different psychological interventions that can address the negative impact of fearful beliefs of happiness.
Examining models of psychologists' telepsychology use during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A national cross‐sectional study
Authors: McKee Grace B. , Pierce Bradford S. , Donovan Emily K. , Perrin Paul B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to apply the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and technology acceptance model (TAM) to psychologists' telepsychology use during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA sample of 2619 US‐licensed psychologists completed a survey assessing telepsychology use and aspects of both models in May 2020.ResultsCross‐sectional TRA and TAM path models evidenced excellent fit in explaining psychologists' telepsychology use. The TRA indicated that psychologists' attitudes concerning telepsychology and subjective norms were associated with intentions to use telepsychology, which related to percentage of clinical work performed via telepsychology. The TAM showed that perceived usefulness of telepsychology and perceived ease of use were associated with attitudes toward telepsychology. Perceived usefulness was associated with psychologists' intention to use telepsychology, as was perceived ease of use.ConclusionEfforts to facilitate telepsychology provision during the pandemic and broadly may benefit from trainings and campaigns to address attitudes toward telepsychology, subjective norms, and perceived ease of use.
Androgen replacement therapy for cancer‐related symptoms in male: result of prospective randomized trial (ARTFORM study)
Authors: Izumi Kouji , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Nohara Takahiro , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Kadono Yoshifumi , Nanjo Shigeki , Yamada Tadaaki , Ohtsubo Koshiro , Yano Seiji , Mizokami Atsushi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypogonadism associated with cancer is reported to cause cachexia and a variety of physical and psychological symptoms. This study aims to evaluate whether androgen replacement therapy can improve cancer‐related symptoms in male advanced cancer patients.MethodsAn investigator‐initiated, prospective, and randomized controlled study was conducted. Patients with low serum testosterone levels (total or free testosterone levels were <2.31 ng/mL or <11.8 pg/mL, respectively) were randomly assigned to the control or testosterone enanthate administration (testosterone group) groups. Testosterone enanthate was injected into the muscle tissue at a dose of 250 mg every 4 weeks (baseline, week 4, and week 8). Differences in quality of life questionnaires and cachexia‐related serum protein levels between groups were assessed.ResultsThis study enrolled and randomized 106 and 81 patients, respectively. Moreover, 41 and 40 patients were in the control and testosterone groups, respectively. Although no significant differences in the change of subscales and total scores in Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Treatment were noted from the baseline between the two groups, the testosterone group showed a significantly better change in the ‘unhappiness’ item of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System at week 12 compared with baseline versus the control group (−1.4 and 0.0 points, respectively; mean, P = 0.007). No significant differences exist in the change of serum interleukin‐6 and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 levels at week 12 from the baseline between the control and testosterone groups. Consequently, the testosterone group significantly inhibited the change in serum tumour necrotic factor‐α level at week 12 from the baseline compared with the control group (+0.4 and +0.1 pg/mL, respectively; mean, P = 0.005).ConclusionsAlthough testosterone enanthate did not improve most of the items in health‐related quality of life questionnaires, testosterone enanthate induced a significantly better change in the ‘unhappiness’ item at week 12 compared with the control. Testosterone enanthate may be a potential treatment option for male advanced cancer patients.