bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underweight Is A Major Risk Factor of Atrial Fibrillation In Asian People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hsu Jung-Chi , Yang Yen-Yun , Chuang Shu-Lin , Chung Yi-Wei , Lin Lian-Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Obesity commonly accompanies with T2DM and increases AF incidence. However, the dose-relationship of body mass index (BMI) and the risk of AF has seldom been studied in diabetes patients.Methods: This cohort study was conducted utilizing a database from National Taiwan University Hospital, a tertiary medical center in Taiwan. Between 2014 and 2019, a total of 64339 adult patients with T2DM were enrolled for analysis. The BMI was measured and categorized into several groups including underweight (BMI <18.5), normal range (18.5≤BMI <24), overweight (24≤BMI <27), obesity class 1 (27≤BMI <30), obesity class 2 (30≤BMI <35), and obesity class 3 (BMI≥35). Multivariate Cox regression models and spline regression model were employed to estimate the relationship between BMI and the risk of AF in patients with T2DM.Results: The incidence rate of AF was 1.97 per 1000 person-year during a median follow-up period of 70.7 months. In multivariate Cox regression model, by using normal BMI as reference group, individuals with underweight (HR 1.47, 95%CI 1.19-1.81, p<0.001) was significantly associated with increased risk of AF while overweight was significantly associated with reduced risk of AF (HR 0.83, 95%CI 0.76-0.91, p<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the risk of AF was highest in the underweight group, followed by obesity class 3, while the overweight group had the least incidence of AF (log-rank test, p<0.001). Cubic restrictive spline model showed a “J-shaped” or “L-shape” relationship between BMI and the risk AF.Conclusions: We found that underweight carries the highest risk of AF in Asian patients with T2DM.
Dual Mutations Collaboration Mechanism with Elites Guiding and Inferiors Eliminating Techniques for Differential Evolution
Authors: Deng Libao , Li Chunlei , Sun Haili , Qiao Liyan , Miao Xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Differential Evolution (DE) is a powerful evolutionary algorithm for global optimization problems. Generally, appropriate mutation strategies and proper equilibrium between global exploration and local exploitation are significant to the performance of DE. From this consideration, in this paper, we present a novel DE variant, abbreviated to DMIE-DE, to further enhance the optimization capacity of DE by developing a dual mutations collaboration mechanism with elites guiding and inferiors eliminating techniques. More specifically, an explorative mutation strategy DE/current-to-embest with an elite individual serving as part of the difference vector and an exploitative mutation strategy DE/ebest-to-rand with selecting an elite individual as the base vector are employed simultaneously to achieve the balance between local and global performance of the whole population instead of only one mutation strategy in classical DE algorithm. The control parameters F and CR for above mutation strategies are updated adaptively to supplement the optimization ability of DMIE-DE based on a rational probability distribution model and the successful experience from the previous iterations. Moreover, an inferior solutions eliminating technique is embedded to enhance the convergence speed and compensate cost of the fitness evaluation times during the evaluation process. To evaluate the performance of DMIE-DE, experiments are conducted by comparing with five state-of-the-art DE variants on solving 29 test functions in CEC2017 benchmark set. The experimental results indicate that the performance of DMIE-DE is significantly better than, or at least comparable to the considered DE variants.
Construction of a Core Collection of Native Perilla Germplasm Collected From South Korea Based on SSR Markers and Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Sa Kyu Jin , Kim Dong Min , Oh Jun Seok , Park Hyeon , Hyun Do Yoon , Lee Sookyeong , Rhee Ju Hee , Lee Ju Kyong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The leaves and seed oil of Perilla crop (Perilla frutescens L.) have attracted interest as health foods in East Asia. This crop has been traditionally cultivated and used for a long time as a folk plant, especially in Korea. In our study, the 22 SSR markers and six morphological traits were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure, to select a core collection of 400 Perilla accessions conserved in the RDA-Genebank of South Korea. A total of 173 alleles were detected and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 15 (average = 7.9). Gene diversity and polymorphic information content ranged from 0.138 to 0.868 (average = 0.567) and 0.134 to 0.853 (average = 0.522), respectively. The 400 accessions were not clearly distinguished geographically by STRUCTURE and UPGMA analyses. A core collection (44 accessions) was selected from the entire collection by using PowerCore. The core collection accounted for 11.0% of the entire Perilla collection, including 100% of the number of alleles maintained in the whole collection and with similar or greater Shannon-Weaver and Nei diversity indices than the whole collection. The core collection selected by SSR markers was evenly distributed in three clusters on a scatter plot by six morphological traits. The first core collection of Perilla accessions was constructed, and it maintained allelic richness. Further modiﬁcation of the core collection is expected with the continuous addition of new accessions of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types.
A new 3D geological modeling method based on remote sensing and its application in Ya'an Area sichuan Province
Authors: Ma zhaoyang , zhang lihai , wang yan , zhu guifan , liang yinping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Remote sensing technology provides a new way to explore the earth for geoscience applications. In the context of continuous deepening of geological research and the vigorous development of geospatial information science, 3D geological modeling technology has become a research hotspot in the intersection of earth science and information science. The traditional 3D geological modeling technology refers to underground 3D modeling using geological data. This modeling method can only display the underground scene in 3D visualization, but cannot display the surface in detail. In this study, remote sensing technology is adopted to improve the traditional 3D geological modeling method, so that geological modeling can be integrated with remote sensing image, and a new 3D geological modeling method based on remote sensing technology is developed. This method can perform integrated 3D visualization of underground and aboveground scenes, which provides a new way for disaster prevention and reduction, geological prospecting and tectonic interpretation. The new 3D geological modeling method is mainly applied in the geological field, and has made new progress in multi-source heterogeneous geological data fusion, large-scale high-precision modeling, geological grid subdivision, attribute modeling technology, remote sensing image fusion and other aspects. Taking the Ya'an area as an example, this paper makes use of the new generation of 3D geological modeling technology to carry out 3D geological modeling and visual display. The 3D visualization in Ya'an area verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the new 3D geological modeling method based on remote sensing technology in the current data environment.
Robust Semi-Automatic Annotation of object Data Sets with Bounding Rectangles.
Authors: ZAIDI Abdelhamid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Object datasets used in the construction of object detectors are typically manually annotated with horizontal or rotated bounding rectangles. The optimality of an annotation is obtained by fulfilling two conditions (i) the rectangle covers the whole object (ii) the area of ​​the rectangle is minimal. Building a large-scale object dataset requires annotators with equal manual dexterity to carry out this tedious work. When an object is horizontal, it is easy for the annotator to reach the optimal bounding box within a reasonable time. However, if the object is rotated, the annotator needs additional time to decide whether the object will be annotated with a horizontal rectangle or a rotated rectangle. Moreover, in both cases, the final decision is not based on any objective argument, and the annotation is generally not optimal. In this study, we propose a new method of annotation by rectangles, called Robust Semi-Automatic Annotation, which combines speed and robustness. Our method has two phases. The first phase consists in inviting the annotator to click on the most relevant points located on the contour of the object. The outputs of the first phase are used by an algorithm to determine a rectangle enclosing these points. To carry out the second phase, we develop an algorithm called RANGE-MBR, which determines, from the selected points on the contour of the object, a rectangle enclosing these points in a linear time. The rectangle returned by RANGE-MBR always satisfies optimality condition (i). We prove that the optimality condition (ii) is always satisfied for objects with isotropic shapes. For objects with anisotropic shapes, we study the optimality condition (ii) by simulations. We show that the rectangle returned by RANGE-MBR is quasi-optimal for the condition (ii), and that its performance increases with dilated objects, which is the case for most of the objects appearing on images collected by aerial photography.
Development and Evaluation of the MAINTAIN Instrument, Selecting Patients Suitable for Secondary or Tertiary Preventive Manual Care – The Nordic Maintenance Care Program
Authors: Eklund Andreas , Palmgren Per , Jakobsson Ulf , Axén Iben 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundChiropractic Maintenance Care (MC) has been found to be effective for patients classified as dysfunctional (high pain severity, marked interference with everyday life due to pain, high affective distress, low perception of life control, and low activity levels) by the Swedish equivalent of the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI-S). Although displaying good psychometric properties such as validity and reliability, the instrument was not designed to be used in clinical practice to screen patients for stratified care pathways. To effectively be able to screen for individuals suitable for MC, the aim was to develop a clinical instrument with the intent of identifying dysfunctional patients with acceptable sensitivity, specificity, and discriminant ability.MethodsData from 249 patients with a complete MPI dataset from an RCT that investigated the effect and cost-effectiveness of MC with a 12-month follow-up was used in this cross-sectional analysis. The MPI’s data was used to develop a short screening instrument to identify dysfunctional patients, with a summary measure, based on the original instrument. Different cutoffs were considered with regards to sensitivity, specificity, and discriminant ability and compared to the original instrument’s classification of dysfunctional patients. The instrument was then tested in 3 other existing datasets to assess validity across populations.ResultsUsing an explorative approach, the MAINTAIN instrument with 10 questions (0-6 Likert responses) with 5 dimensions (pain severity, interference, life control, affective distress, and support) was developed, generating an algorithm-based score ranging from -12 to 48. Reporting a MAINTAIN score of 18 or higher, 146 out of the 249 patients were classified as dysfunctional with 95.8% sensitivity and 64.3% specificity. At a score of 22 or higher, 109/249 were classified as dysfunctional with 81.1% sensitivity and 79.2% specificity. Discriminant ability (area under the curve (AUC)) was estimated to 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.92; p <0.001) and Youden’s index was highest (0.70) at a score of 20. The discriminant ability is similar and acceptable across populations with minor differences in optimal thresholds for identifying dysfunctional individuals.ConclusionThe MAINTAIN instrument had an acceptable performance with regards to identifying dysfunctional patients and may be used as a decision aid in clinical practice. By using 2 thresholds, patients can be categorized into “low probability (-12 to 17)”, “moderate probability (18 to 21)”, and “high probability (22 to 48)” of having a good outcome from maintenance care for Low Back Pain (LBP).Trial registrationClinical trials.gov; NCT01539863; registered February 28, 2012; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01539863
Rationale and Design of the Vasospastic Angina Treatment by Endothelin Receptor Antagonism (VERA) Trial
Authors: Feenstra Rutger G , Boekholdt Matthijs , Appelman Yolande , Damman Peter , Wittekoek Marianne E , de Winter Robbert J , de Hoef Tim P van , Piek Jan J , Beijk Marcel A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Pharmacological treatment of patients diagnosed with vasospastic angina (VSA) or microvascular angina (MVA) is challenging and often patients remain symptomatic. Endothelin (ET)-1 plays an important role in the regulation of the vascular tone and stimulation of ET-1 receptors can induce a potent and long-lasting vasoconstriction. Macitentan is a potent, inhibitor of the ETA receptor. Purpose This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential cross-over proof-of-concept trial is designed to investigate macitentan as a potential novel treatment for patients with VSA due to epicardial spasm or MVA due to microvascular spasm, together defined as coronary artery spasm (CAS).Methods and Results A total of 30 patients with CAS will receive treatment with either 10 mg of macitentan daily for 4 weeks followed by placebo for 4 weeks, or vice versa, in random order. The primary outcome is the reduction in angina, calculated as (1) the frequency of angina attacks * severity (on a VAS scale 1-10); and (2) the duration (in minutes) * severity (on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scale 1-10) during medication use (macitentan or placebo) up to 2 weeks after discontinuation of the study medication. The primary analysis will assess the within-subject differences in the burden of anginal symptoms following treatment with macitentan versus placebo.Conclusions The VERA trial will be the first to evaluate the efficacy of the ETA receptor antagonist, macitentan, in the treatment of VSA due to epicardial spasm and MVA due to microvascular spasm.Trial Registration trialregister.nl, Identifier: NL7546. Registration date: 20 February 2019.
Copy Number Assessment of SMN1 Based on Real-Time PCR With High-Resolution Melting: Fast and Highly Reliable Testing
Authors: Xu Ying , Song Tingting , Wang Xiaozhou , Zheng Jiao , Li Yu , Guo Fenfen , Li Yuanfeng , Guo Zijian , Dou Yaling , Wang Yu , Zhao Ye , Yang Hong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common neuromuscular disorder, caused by absence of both copies of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Population-wide SMA screening to quantify copy number of SMN1 is recommended by multiple regions. SMN1 diagnostic assay with simplified procedure, high sensitivity and throughput is still needed.Methods: Real-Time PCR with High-Resolution Melting for the quantification of the SMN1 gene exon 7 copies and SMN1 gene exon 8 copies was established and confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). The diagnosis of 2563 individuals including SMA patients, suspected cases and the general population were analyzed by the real-time PCR. The results were compared with the gold standard test MPLA. Results: In this study, the homozygous deletions, heterozygous deletions were identified by Real-Time PCR with High-Resolution Melting method with an incidence of 10.18% and 2.42%, respectively. In addition, the R value distribution (P>0.05) among the 8 replicates and the coefficient of variation (CV<0.003) suggested that the qPCR screening test had high reproducibility. High concordance was obtained between Real-Time PCR with High-Resolution Melting and MPLA. Conclusions: The qPCR based on High-Resolution Melting provides a sensitive and high-throughput approach to large-scale SMA carrier screening with low cost and labor.
We-PAP, A novel, couples’ - based sleep health intervention for older adults with obstructive sleep apnea: Rationale and study protocol for a web-based randomized clinical pilot/feasibility trial of the We-PAP intervention compared to an educational control
Authors: BARON KELLY GLAZER , Gilles Allyson , Sundar Krishna M. , Baucom Brian R. W. , Duff Kevin , Troxel Wendy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious health condition that affects approximately 30–50% of older adults and contributes to risk for cardiometabolic disorders and dementia. Despite the well-documented role of partners in treatment seeking and adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP), treatments for OSA have nearly exclusively focused on the patient and current treatments for OSA do not address co-existing sleep problems such as insomnia that are prevalent in both patients with OSA and their partners. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop and test a novel couples-based sleep health intervention to promote adherence to PAP and improve sleep health of the couple.MethodsWe are conducting a two-arm, parallel group, single blind, randomized controlled pilot/feasibility trial to compare our novel couples-based sleep health intervention (We-PAP) to an information control group (IC). We-PAP is based on a transdiagnostic model and uses a dyadic approach including increasing effective partner support, communication skills, and couple-level goal-setting. We-PAP involves 3 sessions and is delivered via telehealth in weekly sessions. The IC includes standardized patient educational materials. Both groups receive the usual follow-up with their medical team. The study involves assessments at pre-treatment, post-intervention (approximately 1 month after starting PAP and completing We-PAP sessions or IC) and 3 months after starting PAP. Our main outcomes are feasibility and acceptability ratings. Secondary outcomes include comparing We-PAP to IC for PAP adherence, sleep quality (self-report and objective) and cognitive measures.DiscussionWe-PAP is the first couples-based transdiagnostic sleep health intervention for patients with OSA and their partners. Results of this study will be used to inform the design of a subsequent fully adequately-powered clinical trial. If successful, this intervention could significantly advance current clinical practice in the treatment of OSA and sleep health more comprehensively in older adults. Moreover, this intervention may be useful for improving sleep in other aging populations with multiple sleep and other health problems, including patients with chronic illnesses or those at risk for Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers.Trial registrationNCT04759157
Levels of Pretreatment Blood Lipids are Prognostic Factors in Advanced NSCLC Patients Treated with Anlotinib
Authors: Tang Mengqiu , Song Chao , Zhang Yaowen , Wang Chen , Zhang Zhanchun , Chen Tian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Anlotinib, a small molecule for multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibition, is the third or further line of defense for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results from an ALTER0303 phase III trial revealed that this drug confers significant survival benefits in patients. Although numerous inflammatory biomarkers play a vital role in treatment, none of them has focused on blood lipids before treatment. Here, we explored the relationship between blood lipids and efficacy of anlotinib, with a view of generating insights to guide future development of convenient and individualized treatment therapies. Methods: We analyzed basal blood lipids, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL), among other variables before treatment, in 137 patients with advanced NSCLC who received anlotinib as third or further-line treatment at the Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, between July 2018 and December 2020. We selected the best cut off value for predicting treatment response, generated survival curves using the Kaplan–Meier method, then applied univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to assess predictors of survival. Results: The entire study population recorded median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 4 (95% CI 3.142-4.858) and 8.3 (95% CI 6.843-9.757) months, respectively. We observed statistically significant differences across subgroup, between blood lipid indexes with different efficacies, except in the HDL subgroup. The low Disease control rate (DCR) was associated with significantly high TG, high TC and high LDL (P = 0.000). Results from multivariate analysis demonstrated that high TC and high LDL were independently associated with poor PFS or OS (P ≤ 0.003). We used these results to establish a prediction model, and set high TC or high LDL as risk factors, respectively. The outcomes significant difference between 0 and ≥1 scores in PFS (P = 0.000) and OS (P = 0.012).Conclusions: TC and LDL, before anlotinib therapy, were independent prognostic indicators for patients with advanced NSCLC who received this drug as a third or further-line of treatment. In addition, a risk score of 0 was attributed to a combination between low TC and low LDL, and these patients were exhibited excellent efficacy and survival rates.
Colonic Stent Placement May Reduce Mortality Rate and Length of Hospitalization in Obstructive Colorectal Cancer Cases: a Propensity Score-matched Analysis Using a Nationwide Database in Japan
Authors: Moroi Rintaro , Tarasawa Kunio , Shimoyama Yusuke , Kuroha Masatake , Shiga Hisashi , Kakuta Yoichi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujimori Kenji , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and aims: Self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) is widely used for obstructive colorectal cancer (OCC). Both SEMS and urgent surgery have several merits and demerits. This study aimed to clarify the efficacy of SEMS by comparing the mortality rate after the hospitalization between SEMS and urgent surgery for OCC.Methods: We collected OCC patients’ data using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database system. We divided eligible patients into the SEMS and urgent surgery groups using propensity score matching, and compared in-hospital death rates, length of hospitalization, and medical costs. We also conducted logistic regression analysis to identify clinical factors affecting in-hospital deaths.Results: We enrolled 17,140 cases after propensity score matching. SEMS reduced the in-hospital death rate compared to urgent surgery (2.0% vs. 3.6%, P < 0.0001). Length of hospitalization was shorter in the SEMS group than in the urgent surgery group (16 vs. 25 days, P < 0.0001). Medical costs were lower in the SEMS group than in the urgent surgery group (1,663,550 vs. 2,424,082 JPY, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis also showed that SEMS reduced in-hospital death (odds ratio = 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.50‒0.70, P < 0.0001).Conclusion: SEMS placement for OCC could reduce the mortality rate and shorten the length of hospitalization. These results facilitate considering SEMS with careful judgement for its indication when treating OCC patients.