bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An information‐based framework for development national twin registry: Scoping review and focus group discussion
Authors: Abtahi Hamidreza , Gholamzadeh Marsa , Shahmoradi Leila , Shariat Mamak 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRegistries in various clinical domains have been established in the last decades. The specific genetic structure of twins has enabled researchers to find answers to the role of genetics and the environment in medical sciences. Thus, twin registries were developed across the world to support twin studies. Our main objective was to devise a conceptual model for developing the national twin registry to ensure the success of this registry.MethodsIn this descriptive and qualitative study, the combination of literature review and focus group discussions was applied to achieve suitable models for developing a national twin registry based on lessons learned from founded registries. The qualitative synthesis and reporting results were conducted based on the COREQ checklist.ResultsAccording to a systematic literature review, the characteristics and employed strategies employed by established twin registries were recognized. Moreover, based on our objectives, suitable models for registry development were defined. The source of information, the different levels of data, and the information flow were determined based on this model.ConclusionSuggesting a conceptual framework for twin registry development at the national level based on the experiences of other countries could contribute to a greater understanding of twin registry implementation efficiently.
A benefit–cost analysis of different response scenarios to COVID‐19: A case study
Authors: Cook David C. , Fraser Rob W. , McKirdy Simon J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis paper compares the direct benefits to the State of Western Australia from employing a “suppression” policy response to the COVID‐19 pandemic rather than a “herd immunity” approach.MethodsAn S‐I‐R (susceptible‐infectious‐resolved) model is used to estimate the likely benefits of a suppression COVID‐19 response compared to a herd immunity alternative. Direct impacts of the virus are calculated on the basis of sick leave, hospitalizations, and fatalities, while indirect impacts related to response actions are excluded.ResultsPreliminary modeling indicates that approximately 1700 vulnerable person deaths are likely to have been prevented over 1 year from adopting a suppression response rather than a herd immunity response, and approximately 4500 hospitalizations. These benefits are valued at around AUD4.7 billion. If a do nothing policy had been adopted, the number of people in need of hospitalization is likely to have overwhelmed the hospital system within 50 days of the virus being introduced. Maximum hospital capacity is unlikely to be reached in either a suppression policy or a herd immunity policy.ConclusionUsing early international estimates to represent the negative impact each type of policy response is likely to have on gross state product, results suggest the benefit–cost ratio for the suppression policy is slightly higher than that of the herd immunity policy, but both benefit–cost ratios are less than one.
Well‐being in the time of COVID‐19: Do metaphors and mindsets matter?
Authors: Burnette Jeni L. , Hoyt Crystal L. , Buttrick Nicholas , Auster‐Gussman Lisa A. 
Published: June 2021

Communications about the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) often employ metaphors, which can help people understand complex issues. For example, public health messages may focus on “fighting” the disease, attempting to rouse people to action by instilling a sense of urgency. In contrast, change‐focused metaphors may foster growth mindsets and self‐efficacy—cornerstones of well‐being and action. We randomly assigned participants to read one of two articles—either an article about coronavirus that focused on fighting the war or an article that highlighted the possibility of change. In Study 1 (N = 426), participants who read the war, relative to the change, message reported lower growth mindsets and self‐efficacy and these in turn, predicted lower well‐being and weaker intentions to engage in health behaviours. In Study 2, (N = 702), we sought to replicate findings and included a no treatment control. We failed to replicate the effects of message condition, although both messages predicted greater self‐efficacy compared to the control. Similar to Study 1, growth mindsets predicted intentions to engage in recommended health behaviours and self‐efficacy predicted both well‐being and action. We discuss theoretical reasons for discrepancies as well as practical applications for developing public health communications.
The Lebanese Uprising in the Digital Age
Authors: Merhej Karim , Qureshi Elina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOn October 17, 2019, following the announcement of a tax to be placed on calls made via the mobile communication application WhatsApp, thousands of Lebanese citizens took to the streets to protest against this arbitrary decision. The protest quickly morphed into a country‐wide uprising in which citizens from all walks of life participated. Digital technologies were heavily used by both protesters and counter‐revolutionary forces. This descriptive commentary piece will seek to shed light on how the former used digital technologies in ingenious ways to further the cause of the uprising while the latter used them to break the uprising's momentum, with the hope that such a piece can pave the way for further research on the intersection of social movements, technology, and counter‐revolutionary tactics.
Effects of heavy metals on reproduction owing to infertility
Authors: Bhardwaj Jitender K. , Paliwal Aakansha , Saraf Priyanka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reproductive performance of most of the species is adversely affected by hazardous heavy metals like lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, zinc, and copper. Heavy metals are liberated in the environment by natural sources like rock weathering, volcanic eruption, and other human activities like industrial discharge, mineral mining, automobile exhaust, and so forth. Heavy metals alter several reproductive functions in both males and females like a decrease in sperm count, motility, viability, spermatogenesis, hormonal imbalance, follicular atresia, and delay in oocyte maturation, and so forth, and thus, forms an important aspect of reproductive toxicology. The present review compiles toxicity aspects of various heavy metals and their efficacy and mechanism of action in mammals.
The relationship between guilt, depression, prolonged grief, and posttraumatic stress symptoms after suicide bereavement
Authors: Wagner Birgit , Hofmann Laura , Grafiadeli Raphaela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveA profound feeling of guilt and its role in complicating psychological reactions are accepted as central issues in suicide bereavement. However, research examining the relationship of guilt with mental disorders commonly following suicide bereavement is still lacking. This study aimed to examine the association between guilt and symptoms of depression, prolonged grief disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after suicide bereavement, as well as its moderating role in the association between the time which elapsed since bereavement and psychopathological symptoms.Methods154 self‐selected adult German participants bereaved by suicide completed online questionnaires assessing sociodemographics, characteristics related to the loss, guilt, depression, prolonged grief, and PTSD.ResultsSignificant positive correlations were found between guilt and all assessed psychopathological symptoms. Further, guilt was a significant correlate with symptoms of depression, prolonged grief, PTSD over and above sociodemographic factors, and time that elapsed since the loss. Guilt furthermore moderated the link between the time which elapsed since bereavement and depressive symptoms, while this effect was not observed for prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress symptoms.ConclusionOur findings replicate theoretical frameworks linking feelings of guilt with mental disorders after suicide bereavement. Accordingly, they highlight the necessity to adapt psychotherapeutic interventions according to the specific needs of this population to maximize treatment effectiveness.
Changing perspectives in the training of endoscopic ultrasonography in Asia
Authors: Koo Chieh‐Sian , Anastassiades Constantinos P , Ho Khek‐Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTraining of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in Asia faces challenges of the ever‐increasing demand for skills to handle a growing range of both diagnostic and interventional EUS procedures, and a continual shortage of EUS training programs. To keep up with the pace of development in EUS, more short‐term EUS programs have been conducted across Asia in recent years. In this aspect, the Asian EUS Group (AEG) has taken the lead to fast‐track the dissemination of EUS knowledge and skills across Asia through its multinational network of training centers. AEG's programs are brought to wherever there is demand. Its versatile modular structure allows the program to be easily customized and scaled up or down to align to local needs, making it highly adaptable to the changing and varying needs in different countries. Even with the current pandemic situation, it has been able to continue its training efforts through the use of technology, including webinars, and live case demonstration.
Dimroth rearrangement in the row of new pyrano[3,4‐c][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a][1,5‐a]pyridines and synthesis of new heterocyclic systems: Pyranopyrazolo[4,3‐e][1,2,4]triazolopyridines
Authors: Paronikyan Ervand G. , Dashyan Shushanik Sh. , Mamyan Suren S. , Ayvazyan Armen G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew and effective methods for the synthesis of derivatives of pyrano[3,4‐c][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a][1,5‐a]pyridines were developed. Synthesized new tetracyclic heterocyclic systems containing pyrano[3,4‐c]pyridine ring unknown in the literature were obtained for the first time. The rearrangement of Dimroth in the triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridine systems for the first time was studied. The possibility of rearrangement of Dimroth in the new heterocyclic system has been investigated.
An image quality review programme in a population‐based mammography screening service
Authors: Galli Vania , Pini Monica , De Metrio Daniele , de Bianchi Priscilla Sassoli , Bucchi Lauro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionMammography is one of the most technically demanding radiographic processes, and mammography quality assurance initiatives are priorities in the implementation of public health screening services. In the optimisation of image quality (IQ), radiographers play a major role. Between 1998 and 2009, the steering committee for mammography of a large population‐based screening service in northern Italy undertook several audit checks of the imaging facilities. In 2009, the target age range of the screening service was extended. The mammogram volume was projected to increase steeply but with no substantial increase in the radiographer workforce.MethodsIn view of the potential impact on mammographic IQ, the passive audit approach was abandoned in favour of an active radiographer‐oriented IQ review programme. Its technical basis consists of regularly repeated rounds of review of random samples of digital mammograms performed by each first‐level radiographer and by more experienced local reference radiographers, with IQ classification, followed by a training effort and a monitoring work.ResultsThe mammogram volume grew from 140,822 in 2008 to 319,394 in 2014 (+127%) and then stabilised. In 2012, the proportion of mammograms with a poor IQ rose from 0.6% to 19.3%, paralleled by a substantial decrease of mammograms interpreted to have a moderate and perfect IQ. Conversely, a generalised improvement occurred in both rounds of 2016 and in the first round of 2018.ConclusionIn the new challenging scenario, the programme proved to be effective. A successful IQ review initiative is one that encourages radiographers to participate with a positive and confident attitude.
Impact of technological and departmental changes on incident rates in radiation oncology over a seventeen‐year period
Authors: Le Cornu Emma , Murray Shillayne , Brown Elizabeth , Bernard Anne , Shih Feng‐Jung , Ferrari‐Anderson Janet , Jenkins Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdvancements in technology and processes are designed to bring improvement. However, this is often achieved in parallel with increases in complexity, simultaneously presenting opportunities for new types of errors. This study aims to contextualise the impact of internal departmental changes upon radiation incidents and near misses recorded.MethodsA timeline of events and a comprehensive incident categorisation system were applied to all radiation incidents and near misses recorded at the Princess Alexandra Hospital Radiation Oncology department from 2003 to 2019, inclusive. Descriptive statistics were performed to identify the type and number of incidents reported during the time period in relation to potential changes within the department, with a focus on the implementation of an electronic environment.ResultsOver the seventeen‐year period, 157 incidents and 76 near misses were reported. The majority of incidents were classified as ‘procedural’ (78%), with ‘treatment’ being both the highest point of error and point of detection (49% and 85%, respectively).The largest number of incidents and near misses were reported in 2018 (n = 39) which was also a year that experienced the largest number of departmental changes (n = 16), including the move to a completely electronic planning process.ConclusionsChanges within the department were followed by an increasing number of reported incidents. Proactive measures should be undertaken prior to the implementation of major changes within the department to aid in the minimisation of incident occurrence.
In situ Raman spectroscopy for cultural heritage studies
Authors: Rousaki Anastasia , Vandenabeele Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is considered as one of the most appreciated analytical techniques in the cultural heritage research field, thanks to some of its favourable characteristics such as the relatively quick time of analysis, identification of both inorganic and organic molecules. The necessity of conducting the research non‐destructively on‐site and directly on the artefact brought the technique out of the laboratory. Since 2004, when the first non‐commercial mobile Raman instrument for in situ applications on cultural heritage objects was realized, years of continuous technical and instrumental developments have passed. Today, on‐site Raman spectroscopy is considered as a cornerstone technique for the documentation of materials of works of art and the assessment of their conservation state without jeopardizing the integrity of the artefact. This paper reviews some of the breakthroughs of Raman analysis of cultural heritage objects, conducted on field (museum environment, outdoors and archaeological complexes).
Mechanical simulation of foldable organic light‐emitting diode display supporting layer
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Jia Yongzhen , Li Haoqun , Jiang Maoyuan , Zhang Zhuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe bending reliability is the key characteristic of foldable organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) panel. In the bending process of foldable OLED panel module, display supporting layer crack and optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer peeling issue often occur. In this study, a periodic pattern supporting layer is designed to solve the peeling and crack issue. The finite element method for simulating the foldable panel was constructed to investigate the correlation between the dimensions of the periodic pattern substructure and the crack stress. The results show that the periodic pattern substructure can decrease the modulus of the bending zone, which can significantly improve the flexibility of the supporting layer. It makes the deformations of OCA to be coordinated during the bending process, thus effectively reducing the peeling issue. In addition, the crack stress values of the periodic pattern substructure directly rely on its dimensions. It indicates that a proper design of the pattern substructure and feature dimensions is important to improve the bending reliability of the OLED panel.
A unified OLED aging model combining three modeling approaches for extending AMOLED lifetime
Authors: Jiang Xingtong , Xu Chihao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAging is still the most challenging issue for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), which causes the image‐sticking artifacts on active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) displays and limits their lifetime. To overcome this demerit, an aging model is necessary to compensate for aging artifacts. In this paper, we present a unified OLED aging model, which combines three feasible modeling approaches of OLED degradation, namely, data‐counting, electro‐optical, and correlation methods. The model can be used to predict the efficiency decay of OLED pixels during operation. It mitigates weaknesses and limitations of each of these three models and deploys their strengths, respectively. In the first aging stage, the data‐counting model is prioritized, and in the later stages, it is calibrated using the correlation model. The dependency of the efficiency decay on the operation point of OLED is covered by the electro‐optical model. The unified model is based on both phenomenal and physical effects. It delivers more reliability to determine an OLED's degradation over a long‐term operation and a wide operation range like current amplitude and/or temperature range. The unified aging model applies to either an analog or a digital driving scheme. A corresponding compensation based on the aging model can be applied for extending the AMOLED lifetime.
Quantitative Shear Wave Speed Assessment for Muscles With the Diagnosis of Taut Bands and/or Myofascial Trigger Points Using Probe Oscillation Shear Wave Elastography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lok U‐Wai , Huang Chengwu , Zhou Chenyun , Yang Lulu , Ling Wenwu , Tang Shanshan , Gong Ping , Madson Timothy J. , Jensen Mark A. , Gay Ralph E. , Chen Shigao 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo use probe oscillation shear wave elastography (PROSE) with two vibration sources to generate two shear waves in the imaging plane to quantitatively assess the shear wave speeds (SWSs) of muscles with and without the diagnosis of taut bands (TB) and/or myofascial trigger points (MTrPs).MethodsThirty‐three patients were scanned with the PROSE technique. Shear waves were generated through continuous vibration of the ultrasound probe, while the shear wave motions were detected using the same probe. SWSs for the sides with and without TBs and/or MTrPs were computed and compared. The pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured as an indicator of maximum pain tolerance of patients. The statistical differences between the SWSs with and without TBs and/or MTrPs with different PPT values were analyzed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.ResultsThe mean SWSs for the sides with TBs and/or MTrPs are faster than that of the contralateral side without TBs and/or MTrPs. A significant difference was observed between mean SWSs with and without TBs and/or MTrPs without any information of PPT, with rank‐sum test P <  .005. Additionally, with the information of PPT, a significant difference was observed between mean SWSs for the sides with and without TBs and/or MTrPs, for PPT values between 0 and 50 N/cm2 (P <  .005), but for PPT values between 50 and 90 N/cm2, it was difficult to differentiate mean SWSs with and without TBs and/or MTrPs.ConclusionOur preliminary results show that SWSs measured from patients had a significant difference between the mean SWSs with and without TBs and/or MTrPs.
Oxygen‐controlled recirculating seepage meter reveals extent of nitrogen transformation in discharging coastal groundwater at the aquifer–estuary interface
Authors: W. Brooks Thomas , D. Kroeger Kevin , A. Michael Holly , K. York Joanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNutrient loads delivered to estuaries via submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) play an important role in the nitrogen (N) budget and eutrophication status. However, accurate and reliable quantification of the chemical flux across the final decimeters and centimeters at the sediment–estuary interface remains a challenge, because there is significant potential for biogeochemical alteration due to contrasting conditions in the coastal aquifer and surface sediment. Here, a novel, oxygen‐ and light‐regulated ultrasonic seepage meter, and a standard seepage meter, were used to measure SGD and calculate N species fluxes across the sediment–estuary interface. Coupling the measurements to an endmember approach based on subsurface N concentrations and an assumption of conservative transport enabled estimation of the extent of transformation occurring in discharging groundwater within the benthic zone. Biogeochemical transformation within reactive estuarine surface sediment was a dominant driver in modifying the N flux carried upward by SGD, and resulted in a similar percentage of N removal (~ 42–52%) as did transformations occurring deeper within the coastal aquifer salinity mixing zone (~ 42–47%). Seasonal shifts in the relative importance of biogeochemical processes including denitrification, nitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilation altered the composition of the flux to estuarine surface water, which was dominated by ammonium in June and by nitrate in August, despite the endmember‐based observation that fixed N in discharging groundwater was strongly dominated by nitrate. This may have important ramifications for the ecology and management of estuaries, since past N loading estimates have generally assumed conservative transport from the nearshore aquifer to estuary.
Lake browning generates a spatiotemporal mismatch between dissolved organic carbon and limiting nutrients
Authors: Stetler Jonathan T. , Knoll Lesley B. , Driscoll Charles T. , Rose Kevin C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWidespread long‐term increases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (i.e., “browning”) have been observed in many lakes, but the ecological consequences are poorly understood. Some studies suggest a unimodal relationship between DOC and primary productivity, with peak productivity at intermediate DOC concentrations. This peak is hypothesized to result from the tradeoff between light absorbing properties of DOC, and increases in limiting nutrients with browning. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether nutrient stoichiometry is constant as lakes brown. Across both regional and national surveys, we found a positive linear relationship between DOC and both total and organic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. However, long‐term data from a suite of browning lakes indicates that total nutrients do not increase as DOC increases through time. Our results show that DOC and limiting nutrients are coupled spatially, but not temporally, and that this temporal mismatch challenges previous conceptualizations of the long‐term effects of browning on productivity.