bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the use of psychotropic medication in cardiac patients with and without anxiety and its association with 1-year mortality
Authors: Cromhout Pernille Fevejle , Christensen Anne Vinggaard , Jørgensen Martin Balslev , Ekholm Ola , Juel Knud , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Osler Merete , Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Borregaard Britt , Mols Rikke Elmose , Thrysoee Lars , Thorup Charlotte Brun , Berg Selina Kikkenborg 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Comorbid psychiatric disorders and the use of psychotropic medication are common among cardiac patients and have been found to increase the risk of mortality. The aims of this study were: (i) to describe the use of psychotropic medication among cardiac patients with and without symptoms of anxiety, (ii) to estimate the association between use of psychotropic medication prior to hospital admission and all-cause, 1-year mortality following discharge, and (iii) to estimate the risk of mortality among users and non-users of psychotropic medication with or without self-reported symptoms of anxiety.

Methods and results
Cardiac patients from the DenHeart survey were included, providing information on self-reported symptoms of anxiety. From national registers, information on the use of psychotropic medication 6 months prior to hospitalization and mortality was obtained. By logistic regression analyses, the association between the use of psychotropic medication, anxiety, and all-cause, 1-year mortality was estimated. The risk of subsequent incident use of psychotropic medication among patients with and without anxiety was furthermore explored. All analyses were fully adjusted. A total of 12 913 patients were included, of whom 18% used psychotropic medication, and 3% died within 1 year. The use of psychotropic medication was found to be associated with increased 1-year all-cause mortality [odds ratio 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.46–2.46)]. Patients with symptoms of anxiety were significantly more likely to use psychotropic medication following hospital discharge [2.47 (2.25–2.72)].

Conclusion
The use of psychotropic medication was associated with 1-year mortality. Thus, the use of psychotropic medication might explain some of the association between anxiety and mortality; however, the association is probably mainly a reflection of the underlying mental illness, rather than the use of psychotropic medication.
Patient Generated Health Data Earn a Seat at the Table:Clinical Adoption During the Covid-19 Transition to Telemedicine
Authors: Rosner Benjamin I , Kvedar Joseph C , Adler-Milstein Julia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Patient generated health data (PGHD) have not achieved widespread clinical adoption. However, the COVID-induced shift to telemedicine may have created opportunities for PGHD as surrogates for vital signs collected in-person. We assessed whether this shift was associated with greater ambulatory care PGHD use.

Methods
We conducted an interrupted time series analysis of physician enrollment in, and patient-initiated vital sign transmission of non-COVID associated PGHD through, a national PGHD platform (Validic).

Results
Ten health systems, 4,695 physicians, and 51,320 patients were included. We found a significant increase in physician enrollment (slope change of 0.86/week, P=.02). Platform application programming interface calls continued their pre-COVID upward trend, despite large reductions in overall encounters.

Discussion
These findings suggest significantly greater pandemic-associated clinical demand for PGHD, and patient supply disproportionate to encounter rates.

Conclusion
Increasing clinical use and ongoing efforts to reduce barriers, could help seize current adoption momentum to realize PGHD’s potential value.

Lay Summary
Patient generated health data (PGHD) - health-related data created and recorded by or from patients outside of the clinical setting to help address a health concern—have not yet achieved widespread adoption in routine clinical care. The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a rapid transition of outpatient encounters to telemedicine in which healthcare providers lacked access to vital signs routinely collected during in-person visits. We conducted an analysis to determine whether the transition to telemedicine increased patient transmission of, and provider adoption of vital sign-related PGHD as surrogates for their in-person equivalents. We found that the number of healthcare providers enrolling on a national PGHD platform increased significantly following the transition to telemedicine, and that the amount of PGHD transmission continued the upward trajectory that it was already experiencing, substantially outpacing the dramatic decline in overall encounters that occurred early in the pandemic. While adoption challenges persist, including questions about accuracy of PGHD, liability, reimbursement, and the potential for exacerbating disparities, these findings suggest an increasing willingness of patients and healthcare providers to use vital sign-related PGHD to supplement telemedicine encounters. Increasing clinical use and ongoing efforts to reduce barriers, could help seize current adoption momentum to realize PGHD’s potential value.
Identification and Physicochemical Properties of the Novel Hemolysin(s) From Oral Secretions of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Wang Xiong-Ya , Cai Dong-Zhang , Li Xin , Bai Su-Fen , Yan Feng-Ming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hemolysins cause the lysis of invading organisms, representing major humoral immunity used by invertebrates. Hemolysins have been discovered in hemolymph of Helicoverpa armigera larvae as immune factors. As oral immunity is great important to clear general pathogens, we presumed that hemolysins may be present in oral secretions (OS). To confirm this hypothesis, we conducted four testing methods to identify hemolysin(s) in larval OS of H. armigera, and analyzed physicochemical properties of the hemolysin in comparison with hemolytic melittin of Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) venom. We found hemolysin(s) from OS of H. armigera for the first time, and further identified in other lepidopteran herbivores. It could be precipitated by ammonium sulfate, which demonstrates that the hemolytic factor is proteinaceous. Labial gland showed significantly higher hemolytic activity than gut tissues, suggesting that hemolysin of OS is mainly derived from saliva secreted by labial glands. Physicochemical properties of hemolysin in caterpillar’s OS were different from bee venom. It was noteworthy that hemolytic activity of OS was only partially inhibited even at 100°C. Hemolytic activity of OS was not inhibited by nine tested carbohydrates contrary to bee venom melittin. Moreover, effects of metal ions on hemolytic activity were different between OS and bee venom. We conclude that there is at least a novel hemolysin in OS of herbivorous insects with proposed antibacterial function, and its hemolytic mechanism may be different from melittin. Our study enriches understanding of the potential role of hemolysins in insect immunity and provides useful data to the field of herbivorous insect-pathogen research.
Judicial Review by the People Themselves: Democracy and the Rule of Law in Ancient Athens
Authors: Carugati Federica , Calvert Randall , Weingast Barry R 
Published: November 2021

AbstractModern democratic constitutions mediate the tension between democracy and the rule of law through institutions that check unrestrained popular rule with expert judicial bodies. This paper considers the alternative arrangement that existed in ancient Athens, where checks on popular rule coexisted with strong popular control. Judicial review in Athens, however, raised two additional threats to democracy and the rule of law: unpredictability and partisanship. We combine a formal model with historical exegesis to show how the strategic incentives of Athenian institutional design, along with a strong societal consensus on the value of constitutional democracy, were necessary ingredients for dispelling both threats. In Athens, institutions responsive to citizens’ demands existed alongside a robust rule of law. This case study provides empirical evidence allowing us to reflect on the feasibility of extensive democratic input to the process of constitutional review. [JEL: H11—structure, scope, and performance of government; K40—legal procedure, the legal system, and illegal behavior (general)]
Solving the identity of the common shallow-water octopus of the Colombian Caribbean based on the analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data
Authors: Puentes-Sayo Alejandra , Torres-Rodríguez Javier , Lecompte Orlando 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The specific identity of the common octopus fished along the Colombian Caribbean was studied based on 58 specimens collected from artisanal fishing in five localities (Providencia, San Andrés, Santa Marta, Cartagena and Isla Fuerte). A molecular systematic analysis of the mitochondrial genes 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III was carried out, along with a reanalysis of data for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. These analyses revealed that the common shallow-water octopus of the Colombian Caribbean is Octopus insularis. The trees generated for the three genes and the genetic distances for each of the genes (0–0.3%) confirmed the specimens collected in this study as belonging to a single clade and the species as O. insularis. Our results confirm that the octopus described recently as O. tayrona is in fact O. insularis and this extends the known distribution of the latter species to the southwestern Caribbean (i.e. Colombian coast). We discuss our findings in the context of the species misidentification of the O. vulgaris species complex.
Multiple-Dose Dalbavancin Regimens as the Predominant Treatment of Deep-Seated or Endovascular Infections: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cooper Margaret M , Preslaski Candice R , Shihadeh Katherine C , Hawkins Kellie L , Jenkins Timothy C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Off-label use of dalbavancin for deep-seated and endovascular infections has been increasing. We performed a scoping review to evaluate the evidence for use of multiple-dose dalbavancin regimens as the predominant therapy for these indications. Predominant therapy was defined as use of dalbavancin without other concurrent antibiotics for more than half of the total treatment duration. Fifteen publications were identified; 2 were small, open-label randomized controlled trials and the remainder were retrospective observational studies or case reports. A total of 144 cases from these publications met eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. Types of infections included osteoarticular infections, catheter-related or complicated bloodstream infections, and infective endocarditis. Overall, the evidence for use of multiple-dose regimens of dalbavancin for deep-seated and endovascular infections is limited by a paucity of data from controlled trials, heterogeneity of dosing regimens, and a lack of standardized clinical outcomes.
Wilful Blindness: Sleeping Sickness and Onchocerciasis in Colonial Northern Ghana, 1909–1957
Authors: Bannister David 
Published: November 2021

Summary
As a contribution to the existing literature on deliberate or unintended neglect, concealment and ignorance regarding significant and enduring public health problems—produced by economic marginality, lack of political power and institutional failures affecting specific places and groups—this article discusses the history of epidemic sleeping sickness and endemic onchocerciasis in colonial northern Ghana from 1909 to 1957. Despite accumulating evidence of their serious impacts on the health of northern communities, and calls to action on the part of some health officials, both diseases were only officially recognised as significant risks when it was no longer politically possible to deny them. The particular histories of each disease, in the same region over the same decades, reveal two comparable and interrelated trajectories of neglect.
N6-Methyladenosine Modification of CDH1 mRNA Promotes PM2.5-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Mediating Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Ning Jie , Du Hairong , Zhang Yaling , Liu Qingping , Jiang Tao , Pang Yaxian , Tian Xiaochen , Yan Liqun , Niu Yujie , Zhang Rong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The association between ambient airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and respiratory diseases has been investigated in epidemiological studies. To explore the potential mechanism of PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis, 60 mice were divided into 3 groups to expose to different levels of PM2.5 for 8 and 16 weeks: filtered air, unfiltered air, and concentrated PM2.5 air, respectively. BEAS-2B cells were treated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml PM2.5 for 24 h. The biomarkers of pulmonary fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, and metabolism of mRNAs were detected to characterize the effect of PM2.5 exposure. The results illustrated that PM2.5 exposure induced pathological alteration and pulmonary fibrosis in mice. The expression of E-cadherin was decreased whereas vimentin and N-cadherin expression were increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner after PM2.5 exposure. Mechanistically, PM2.5 exposure increased the levels of METTL3-mediated m6A modification of CDH1 mRNA. As a target gene of miR-494-3p, YTHDF2 was upregulated by miR-494-3p down-regulation and then recognized m6A-modified CDH1 mRNA to inhibit the E-cad expression, consequently induced the EMT progression after PM2.5 exposure. Our study indicated that PM2.5 exposure triggered EMT progression to promote the pulmonary fibrosis via miR-494-3p/YTHDF2 recognized and METTL3 mediated m6A modification.
A Review of Disparities in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Mathews Lena , Brewer LaPrincess C. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to improve functional status, quality of life, and recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Despite its demonstrated compelling benefits and guideline recommendation, CR is underutilized, and there are significant disparities in CR utilization particularly by race, ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence and drivers of these disparities and recommend potential solutions.

Methods:
In this review, key studies documenting disparities in CR referrals, enrollment, and completion are discussed. Additionally, potential mechanisms for these disparities are summarized and strategies are reviewed for addressing them.

Summary:
There is a wealth of literature demonstrating disparities among racial and ethnic minorities, women, those with lower income and education attainment, and those living in rural and dense urban areas. However, there was minimal focus on how the social determinants of health contribute to the observed disparities in CR utilization in many of the studies reviewed. Interventions such as automatic referrals, inpatient liaisons, mitigation of economic barriers, novel delivery mechanisms, community partnerships, and health equity metrics to incentivize health care organizations to reduce care disparities are potential solutions.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DYSGLYCEMIA, RETINAL NEURODEGENERATION, AND MICROALBUMINURIA IN PREDIABETES AND TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Kirthi Varo , Zuckerman Benjamin P. , Alam Uazman , Bunce Catey , Hopkins David , Jackson Timothy L. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To explore the association between retinal neurodegeneration and metabolic parameters in progressive dysglycemia.

Method:
A cross-sectional study was performed on 68 participants: normal glucose tolerance (n = 23), prediabetes (n = 25), and Type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (n = 20). Anthropometric assessment and laboratory sampling for HbA1c, fasting glucose, insulin, c-peptide, lipid profile, renal function, and albumin-to-creatinine ratio were conducted. Central and pericentral macular thicknesses on spectral domain optical coherence tomography were compared with systemic parameters.

Results:
Baseline demographic characteristics were similar across all groups. Cuzick's trend test revealed progressive full-thickness macular thinning with increasing dysglycemia across all three groups (P = 0.015). The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was significantly correlated with full-thickness superior (R = −0.435; P = 0.0002), inferior (R = −0.409; P = 0.0005), temporal (R = −0.429; P = 0.003), and nasal (R = −0.493; P < 0.0001) pericentral macular thinning, after post hoc Bonferroni adjustment. There was no association between macular thinning and waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profile, or insulin resistance.

Conclusion:
Progressive dysglycemia is associated with macular thinning before the onset of visible retinopathy and occurs alongside microalbuminuria. Retinal neurodegenerative changes may help identify those most at risk from dysglycemic end-organ damage.
Kidney in the net of acute and long-haul coronavirus disease 2019: a potential role for lipid mediators in causing renal injury and fibrosis
Authors: Chiang Kate C. , Imig John D. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Gupta Ajay 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
Severe COVID-19 disease is often complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI), which may transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Better understanding of underlying mechanisms is important in advancing therapeutic approaches.

Recent findings
SARS-CoV-2-induced endothelial injury initiates platelet activation, platelet–neutrophil partnership and release of neutrophil extracellular traps. The resulting thromboinflammation causes ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury to end organs. Severe COVID-19 induces a lipid-mediator storm with massive increases in thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and PGD2, which promote thromboinflammation and apoptosis of renal tubular cells, respectively, and thereby enhance renal fibrosis. COVID-19-associated AKI improves rapidly in the majority. However, 15–30% have protracted renal injury, raising the specter of transition from AKI to CKD.

Summary
In COVID-19, the lipid-mediator storm promotes thromboinflammation, ischemia–reperfusion injury and cytotoxicity. The thromboxane A2 and PGD2 signaling presents a therapeutic target with potential to mitigate AKI and transition to CKD. Ramatroban, the only dual antagonist of the thromboxane A2/TPr and PGD2/DPr2 signaling could potentially mitigate renal injury in acute and long-haul COVID. Urgent studies targeting the lipid-mediator storm are needed to potentially reduce the heavy burden of kidney disease emerging in the wake of the current pandemic.
Novel intestinal dialysis interventions and microbiome modulation to control uremia
Authors: Sumida Keiichi , Lau Wei Ling , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Kovesdy Csaba P. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the gut plays a key role in the homeostasis of fluid and electrolyte balance and the production and disposal of uremic toxins. This review summarizes the current evidence on the gut-targeted interventions to control uremia, fluid overload, hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia in CKD.

Recent findings
Studies have emerged that support the concept of intestinal dialysis, such as colonic perfusion with a Malone antegrade continence enema stoma or colonic irrigation with a rectal catheter, as a promising adjuvant approach to control uremia in CKD, although most findings are preliminary. The use of AST-120, an oral adsorbent, has been shown to reduce circulating levels of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate and have potential renoprotective benefits in patients with advanced CKD. Diarrhea or inducing watery stools may modulate fluid retention and potassium and phosphorus load. Accumulating evidence indicates that plant-based diets, low-protein diets, and pre-, pro-, and synbiotic supplementation may lead to favorable alterations of the gut microbiota, contributing to reduce uremic toxin generation. The effects of these gut-targeted interventions on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes are still limited and need to be tested in future studies including clinical trials.

Summary
Interventions aimed at enhancing bowel elimination of uremic toxins, fluid and electrolytes and at modulating gut microbiota may represent novel therapeutic strategies for the management of uremia in patients with CKD.
Alpha oscillations are involved in localizing touch on hand-held tools
Authors: Fabio Cécile , Salemme Romeo , Koun Eric , Farnè Alessandro , Miller Luke E. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe sense of touch is not restricted to the body but can also extend to external objects. When we use a hand-held tool to contact an object, we feel the touch on the tool and not in the hand holding the tool. The ability to perceive touch on a tool actually extends along its entire surface, allowing the user to accurately localize where it is touched similarly as they would on their body. While the neural mechanisms underlying the ability to localize touch on the body have been largely investigated, those allowing to localize touch on a tool are still unknown. We aimed to fill this gap by recording the EEG signal of participants while they localized tactile stimuli on a hand-held rod. We focused on oscillatory activity in the alpha (7-14 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) range, as they have been previously linked to distinct spatial codes used to localize touch on the body. Beta activity reflects the mapping of touch in skin-based coordinates, whereas alpha activity reflects the mapping of touch in external space. We found that alpha activity was solely modulated by the location of tactile stimuli applied on a hand-held rod. Source reconstruction suggested that this alpha power modulation was localized in a network of fronto-parietal regions previously implicated in higher-order tactile and spatial processing. These findings are the first to implicate alpha oscillations in tool-extended sensing and suggest an important role for processing touch in external space when localizing touch on a tool.
Diversity, function and evolution of aquatic vertebrate genomes
Authors: Song Yue , Yu Mengjun , Zhang Suyu , Zhang Rui , Seim Inge , Guo Xinyu , Liu Meiru , Yu Lili , Zhang He , Li Hanbo , Liu Shanshan , Liu Xin , Xu Xun , Yang Huanming , Wang Kun , He Shunping , Wang Wen ,   Fish10K Consortium, Fan Guangyi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAquatic vertebrates consist of jawed fish (cartilaginous fish and bony fish), aquatic mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of 630 aquatic vertebrate genomes to generate a standardized compendium of genomic data. We demonstrate its value by assessing their genome features as well as illuminating gene families related to the transition from water to land, such as Hox genes and olfactory receptor genes. We found that LINEs are the major transposable element (TE) type in cartilaginous fish and aquatic mammals, while DNA transposons are the dominate type in bony fish. To our surprise, TE types are not fixed in amphibians, the first group that transitioned to living on land. These results illustrate the value of a unified resource for comparative genomic analyses of aquatic vertebrates. Our data and strategy are likely to support all evolutionary and ecological research on vertebrates.