bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of Shanghai Extreme Flooding Under the Land Use Change Scenario
Authors: Shan Xinmeng , Yin Jie , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Environmental changes have led to non-stationary flood risks in coastal cities. How to quantitatively characterize the future change trend and effectively adapt is a frontier scientific problem that needs to be solved urgently. To this end, this study uses the 2010 Shanghai land use data as the base and uses the GeoSOS-FLUS model to simulate future land use change scenarios (2030, 2050, and 2100). Based on the results of storm and flood numerical simulations, probabilistic risk, and other multidisciplinary methods, extreme storm and flood risks of various land uses (residential land, commercial and public service land, industrial land, transportation land, agricultural land, and other land) in Shanghai are analyzed and 4 adaptation strategies to deal with extreme flooding have been developed. The research results show that: 1) Under the two emission scenarios, residential, commercial and public service, and industrial land have the highest exposure assets. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the exposure of assets in 2100, 2050, and 2030 will be 1.7 times, 1.5 times, and 1.3 times that in 2010 for 1/1000-year, respectively; the losses will be 2.7 times, 2.0 times, and 1.8 times that in 2010, respectively. 2) The spatial pattern of loss, which forms the scattered distribution of 1/10-year, is mainly distributed on both sides of the Huangpu River. For 1/1000-year, which is mainly gradually showed a strip distribution, continuous distribution of the city center, and the Qingpu-Songjiang depression in the southwest are high-risk areas for storm floods. 3) The risks are mainly distributed in the city center, the lower reaches of the Huangpu River, the northern shore of Hangzhou Bay, the Qingpu-Songjiang depression in the southwest, and Chongming Island (southwest and northeast). Our work can provide decision-making basis for risk-sensitive based urban planning, flood risk adaptation, and resilience building in Shanghai. The methodology can also provide a reference for risk assessment in other coastal areas.
A traditional Chinese Medicine Proves the Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia Via Regulating the HPO Axis in Rats
Authors: Lv Bo , Peng Yuan-de , Fu Wen-hui , Li Wen-jing , Chen Li-jun , Wang Zhi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, accompanied by endometrial hyperplasia, is a common gynecological disease regulated by multiple hormones, which seriously affects female physical and mental health. Some drugs have been prompted to cure the disease, but most drugs have certain side effects and limitations. Nonetheless, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) could provide a novel perspective for the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia and related complications. Methods: The active components from Saururus chinensis, Celosia cristata and Spatholobus suberectus (Referred to as SCS) were determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. An acute high-dose SCS test was performed to evaluate the toxicity of SCS. The serum samples were used to identify the alterations involved in the biochemical index and concentration of four key hormones related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis. In addition, the expression of two essential genes regulated by the HPO axis was determined by the RT-qPCR method.Results: In the present study, we identified the active components (e.g., sauchinone and formononetin) from the Chinese herbs via TLC and HPLC methods. In addition, the results from the serum biochemical index and histologic section found that acute high-dose SCS exerted no adverse impacts on the rats. We then illustrated that SCS could shorten hemostatic, coagulation time and degree of swelling on rats. Furthermore, SCS decreased the value of erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in serum. Further studies were conducted to provide direct evidence that the recovery of endometrial hyperplasia was associated with the modulation of four hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol and progesterone). Besides, SCS altered mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 on the uterine endometrium, thereby promoting the repair of proliferating endometrium in the rats. Conclusion: Collectively, we demonstrated that an unexploited Chinese traditional medicine, a combination of S. chinensis, C. cristata and S. suberectus, could be used for the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia and associated complications in the rats, and uncovers the mechanism at molecular and gene expression levels.
Chemical Profiles and Metabolite Study of Raw and Processed Cistanche Deserticola in rats by UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE
Authors: Li Zhe , Ryenchindorj Lkhaasuren , Liu Bonan , SHI Ji , Zhang Chao , Hua Yue , Liu Pengpeng , Shan Guoshun , Jia Tianzhu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Chinese materia medica processing is a distinguished and unique pharmaceutical technique in traditional Chinese Medicien (TCM), which has played an important role in reducing side effects, increasing medical potencies, altering the properties and even changing the curative effects of raw herbs.The efficacy improvement in medicinal plants is mainly caused by changes in the key substances through an optimized processing procedure.The effect of invigorating the kidney-yang for rice wine-steamed Cistancha deserticola was more strengthened than raw C. deserticola (CD). Methods: To evaluate the effect of processing, a comparative analysis was conducted by utilizing the UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE with the UNIFI informatics platform. In vitro studies were performed for the characterization of constituents as well as metabolites in vivo , and chemical components were determined in CD and its processed products. The multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate variations between them. OPLS-DA was used for pairwise comparison which revealed their marked differences. Results: In this study, the obtained results revealed considerable variations in phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) and iridoids after processing. The detection of 97 compounds was carried out in the extracts of CD and its processed product. In an in-vivo study, 10 prototype components and 44 metabolites were evaluated in rat plasma, feces, and urine. The obtained results revealed that processing leads to the considerable variation in the chemical constituents of CD and affects the disposition of the compounds in-vivo, and phase II metabolic processes were the key cascades of each compound and most of the metabolites were associated with echinacoside or acteoside. Conclusions: According to our literature search, the existing study reveals a comparative study of raw and processed CD for the first time. The obtained data help us to understand the impact of CD processing for further studies.
Preliminary Study Mechanism of Ethylene Induced Abscission Zone Formation and Function of GhArfGAP in Upland Cotton Boll Stalk
Authors: Chen Long , Liu AnFeng , Guo ZiWen , Jiang Hui , Luo Ling , Gao JunShan , Li DaHui , Ye SiHong , Guo Ning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: With the continuous growth of population, the demand for fiber is also rising sharply. As one of the main fiber plants in the world, cotton fiber yield of upland cotton is affected by boll abscission, which is related to the formation of abscission zone. Therefore, we explored the formation of the abscission zone of upland cotton.﻿Result: The formation of abscission layer of cotton boll stalk was promoted by exogenous ethylene. It was found that both the number of Golgi apparatus and the number of stacking layers increased in the dissociated cells. The GhArfGAP gene family in upland cotton was screened by bioinformatics method, and the species and evolutionary relationship of GhArfGAP gene family were analyzed. qRT-PCR showed that the expression patterns of GhArfGAP13,GhArfGAP15, GhArfGAP25 and GhArfGAP34 in cotton were spatiotemporal specific. Subcellular localization suggested that GhArfGAP25 played a role in Golgi apparatus . The expression of GhArfGAP25 in transgenic Arabidopsis increased in the root, stem and leaf.Conclusions: Ethylene could induce the formation of abscission zone in upland cotton. GhArfGAP13,GhArfGAP15,GhArfGAP25,GhArfGAP34 might regulate the changes of Golgi apparatus in abscisson zone.Taken together the findings provide new ideas for the study of cotton abscission formation.
Ecosystem Services Provided By Urban Forests In The Southern Caucasus Region: A Modeling Study In Tbilisi, Georgia
Authors: Alpaidze Levan , Pace Rocco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAll cities globally are growing considerably as they are experiencing an intensive urbanization process resulting in significant economic, social, and environmental challenges. One of the major risks is the deterioration of living environment in urban areas due to the high soil consumption and pollution of environmental components. For this reason, cities are required to adopt measures to reduce air pollution concentration and CO2 emissions, preserve biodiversity and mitigate the urban heat island effect. In this context, tree planting has been suggested as one cost-effective strategy because green infrastructures can provide important environmental and social functions which contribute to the quality of life and health of city dwellers.Tbilisi is the largest city in Georgia, with a population of over 1,100,000 inhabitants (about 30% of total population of Georgia). The green space availability in Tbilisi (5-6 m2 per inhabitant) is low compared to other European cities, and in recent years the need to increase the amount of urban vegetation has been underlined at planning level.ResultsIn our study, we implemented for the first time in an Eastern European city the i-Tree Eco model to quantify the main ecosystem services from common tree species in Southern Caucasus. Two parks, Expo Park (694 trees) and Red Park (1027 trees) in the city of Tbilisi have been measured and a model simulation was performed for the year 2018. These urban forests store large amounts of carbon in their woody tissues (198.4 t for Expo park and 126.5 t for Red park) and each year they remove 4.6 and 4.7 t of CO2 for Expo park and Red park. They also positively contribute to the air quality by removing 119.6 and 90.3 kg of pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, PM2.5, SO2), and reducing water runoff of 269.5 and 200.5 m3, respectively.Conclusions This analysis highlighted the key role of urban forests in improving the environmental sustainability of the city of Tbilisi and provides important decision support for the tree species selection in this geographic area with the aim of maximizing the benefits trees can supply to cities.
Daily-life Physical Activity of Young Healthy Adults Associates with Function and Structure of the Hippocampus
Authors: Seoane Sara , Ezama Laura , Janssen Niels 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Research on the impact of physical activity (PA) has shown that PA produces changes in the structure and function of a brain structure called the hippocampus. There are three main limitations in this research. First, the majority of the work has been carried out in elderly populations and as such, there is a paucity of research on the impact of PA on the brains of healthy young individuals. Second, whereas PA is typically assessed through controlled interventions, changes in the brain due to PA as performed during daily-life activities has not been explored. Finally, the hippocampus has a complex internal structure and the impact of PA on this internal structure is unclear. Here we examined how structural and functional aspects of the hip-pocampus are associated with habitual PA performed during work, leisure time and sports in the daily lives of young healthy adults. We found that PA performed during work time correlated with increased subicular volumes and with changed functional connectivity between a location in middle/posterior hippocampus and regions of the default mode network and between a location in anterior hippocampus and regions of the somatomotor network. No effects of PA performed during leisure time and sports were found. The results generalize the impact of PA to younger populations and show how PA performed in daily-life situations correlates with the precise internal structure of the hippocampus.
The Seasonal Dynamics and Biting Behavior of Potential Anopheles Vectors of Plasmodium Knowlesi in Palawan, Philippines
Authors: Malijan Richard Paul , Mechan Frank , Braganza Jessie C , Valle Kristelle Mae R. , Salazar Ferdinand V. , Torno Majhalia M , Aure Wilfredo E , Bacay Brian A , Espino Fe Esperanza , Torr Stephen J , Fornace Kimberly M , Drakeley Chris , Ferguson Heather M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: A small number of human cases of the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi have been reported in Palawan Island, the Philippines. Identification of potential vector species and their bionomics is crucial for understanding of human exposure risk in this setting. Here, we combined longitudinal surveillance with a trap-evaluation study to address knowledge gaps about the ecology and potential for zoonotic spillover of this macaque malaria in Palawan Island.Methods: The abundance, diversity and biting behavior of human-biting Anopheles mosquitoes were assessed through monthly outdoor Human Landing Catches (HLC) in three ecotypes representing different land use (forest-edge, forest and agricultural area) across 8 months. Additionally, the host preference and biting activity of potential Anopheles vectors was assessed through comparison of their abundance and capture time in traps baited with humans (HLC, human-baited electrocuting net – HEN) or macaques (monkey-baited trap – MBT, monkey-baited electrocuting net – HEN). All female Anopheles mosquitoes were tested for presence of Plasmodium parasite by PCR.Results: Previously incriminated vectors Anopheles balabacensis and An. flavirostris accounted for >95% of Anophelines caught in longitudinal surveillance. However human biting densities were relatively low (An. balabacensis: 0.34 -1.20 per night, An. flavirostris: 0-2 bites per night). Biting densities of An. balabacensis were highest in the forest-edge while An. flavirostris was most abundant in the agricultural area. The abundance of An. balabacensis and An. flavirostris was significantly higher in HLC than MBT. None of the 357 female Anopheles mosquitoes tested for Plasmodium infection were positive.Conclusions: The relatively low density and lack of malaria infection in Anopheles mosquitoes sampled here indicates that exposure to P. knowlesi in this setting is considerably lower than neighbouring countries (Malaysia) where it is now the primary cause of malaria in humans. Although Anophelines had lower abundance in MBT than HLC, An. balabacensis and An. flavirostris were caught by both methods suggesting they could act as bridge vectors between humans and macaques. These species bite primarily outdoors and in early evening; confirming that Insecticide Treated Nets are unlikely to provide protection against P. knowlesi vectors.
The Miscarriage Circle of Care: Towards Leveraging eHealth for Social Support
Authors: Alqassim Mona Y. , Kresnye K. Cassie , Siek Katie A. , Lee John , Wolters Maria K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Lack of social support during and after miscarriage can greatly affect mental wellbeing. With miscarriages being a common experience, there remains a discrepancy in the social support received after a pregnancy is lost. Method: 42 people who had experienced at least one miscarriage took part in an Asynchronous Remote Community (ARC) study. The study involved 16 activities (discussions, creative tasks, and surveys) in two closed, secret Facebook groups over eight weeks. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data, and content analysis was used for qualitative data. Results: There were two main miscarriage care networks, formal (health care providers) and informal (friends, family, work colleagues). The formal care network was the most trusted informational support source, while the informal care network was the main source of tangible support. However, often, participants’ care networks were unable to provide sufficient informational, emotional, esteem, and network support. Peers who also had experienced miscarriage played a crucial role in addressing these gaps in social support. Technology use varied greatly, with smartphone use as the only common denominator. While there was a range of online support sources, participants tended to focus on only a few, and there was no single common preferred source.Discussion: We propose a Miscarriage Circle of Care Model (MCCM), with peer advisors playing a central role in improving communication channels and social support provision. We show how the MCCM can be used to identify gaps in service provision and opportunities where technology can be leveraged to fill those gaps.
Primary Intracranial Malignant Melanomas in Solitary Type: A Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: Huang Yen-Min , Yeh Kun-Yun , Chen Pin-Yuan , Hsieh Tsan-Yu , Hsu Li-Sung , Wu Chiao-En , Zheng Yun-Cong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Solitary type primary intracranial malignant melanoma (PIMM) is extremely rare but fatal. The optimal treatment algorithm according to clinical relevance of symptoms and outcomes is unclear. This series emphasized the prognostic factors of solitary PIMM and established the treatment algorithm for this rare disease.
Methods

Patients with solitary PIMMs were pathologically verified and treated with neurosurgical tumor resection. All solitary PIMMs recruited at our institute received multidisciplinary team care. We analyzed the clinical findings and prognostic factors.
Results

The study cohort included 10 patients. PIMMs in solitary type impacted middle-aged populations with male predominance in Taiwan. Most patients (80%) presented a single tumor initially. Six patients had progressed to multiplicity after the initial treatment. Rates of tumor bleeding and leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) are high in solitary PIMMs. Patients who had gross-total resection (GTR) had better survival than those who had incomplete resection, with median overall survival (OS) rates of 170.4 months vs. 5.23 months (p = 0.004). Multiplicity, eloquent area involvement, initial tumor bleeding, LM, hydrocephalus, and Karnofsky Performance Score < 80 at diagnosis were associated with negative outcomes in progression-free survival and OS. Adjuvant radiotherapy for patients who had LM and for those who cannot undergo grossly total tumor removal resulted in a good outcome.
Conclusions

GTR demonstrated better outcomes for solitary PIMM. For recurrent tumors, aggressively repeated surgical resection remained beneficial for selected cases. Adjuvant radiotherapy was a treatment option for LM following operation. We proposed a possible treatment algorithm for solitary PIMM.
TP53 Mutants and Non-HPV16/18 Genotypes are Poor Prognostic Factors for Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kuno Ikumi , Takayanagi Daisuke , Asami Yuka , Murakami Naoya , Matsuda Maiko , Shimada Yoko , Hirose Sou , Kato Mayumi Kobayashi , Komatsu Masaaki , Hamamoto Ryuji , Okuma Kae , Kohno Takashi , Itami Jun , Yoshida Hiroshi , Shiraishi Kouya , Kato Tomoyasu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Targeted sequencing for somatic mutations across the hotspots of 50 cancer-related genes was performed using biopsy specimens to investigate whether clinicopathological factors and genomic alterations correlated with prognosis in locally advanced cervical cancer. Seventy patients diagnosed with International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage III to IVA cervical cancer underwent radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy at the National Cancer Center Hospital between January 2008 and December 2017. Mutations were detected in 47 of 70 (67% of cases; frequency of genetic alterations was as follows: PIK3CA (51%), FBXW7 (10%), PTEN (7.1%), and TP53 (5.7%). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets showed a similar distribution of somatic mutations, but PIK3CA mutation frequency was significantly higher in our cohort than in TCGA datasets (P = 0.028). Patients with TP53 mutation were significantly related to poor progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.53, P = 0.042). Patients with tumor diameters >70 mm were associated with poor prognosis (HR = 2.96, P = 0.0048). Patients with non-HPV16/18 genotypes had worse prognosis than those with HPV16/18 genotypes (HR = 2.15, P = 0.030). Hence, patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, TP53 mutation, large tumor diameter, and non-HPV16/18 genotype were independently correlated with poor PFS, despite concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
Synchronous Silicon Removal and Viscosity Reduction in the Soda-Oxygen Pulping of Wheat Straw
Authors: Xu Hengyu , Chen Keli , Zhang Lilong , Wu Yulong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The black liquor (BL) obtained by straw pulping can hardly be applied to conventional alkali recovery systems because of its high concentration of silicon and viscosity. Soda-oxygen pulping can synchronously deposit silica on the surface of the cellulose to reduce the silicon content and viscosity of BL remarkably. In this paper, the BLs of wheat straw soda-oxygen puling obtained at different end points (pH < 10, 11.5 < pH < 12) and conventional soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) were obtained. The extent of silicon removal and viscosity reduction before and after centrifugation or membrane filtration as well as the thermodynamic properties of the BLs were investigated. Compared with that achieved by soda-AQ, over 45% silicon was removed from BL after soda-oxygen cooking at a similar delignification level. The total solid (TS) concentration of the soda-oxygen BL was easily concentrated by up to approximately 50%. SiO 2 can be further removed by simple centrifugation and membrane filtration, and its TS could be increased to 60% at 300 mp∙s. With cooking end point further decreased pH <10, the filtered BL had the lowest silica content, the highest volumetric isothermal expansivity (VIE) value, and the lowest pyrolysis temperature.
Density Functional Study on Formic Acid Decomposition On Pd(111) Surface: A Revisit and Comparison with Other Density Functional Methods
Authors: Wang Ni , Li Kai , Wang Ying , Wu Zhijian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The mechanism of formic acid decomposition on Pd(111) surface has been investigated by several theoretical methods in previous studies, including PBE and PW91. These results indicated that the mechanism is different from different methods, and even by using the same method (i.e., PBE), the mechanism is also different. In this study, we have revisited the formic acid decomposition on Pd(111) surface by using another density functional RPBE and by including van der Waals interaction which is neglected in the previous studies. Our results showed that the formic acid is decomposed via O-H bond cleavage to form bi-HCOO*, and the most favorable pathway is HCOOH* → bi-HCOO*+H* → CO2+2H*. The energy barrier is 0.55 eV at the rate-determining step. This conclusion is consistent with one of the PBE study. This demonstrated that computational methods have great influence on the reaction mechanism, and care should be taken in selecting the appropriate computational methods.