bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The retrieval of snow properties from SLSTR Sentinel-3 – Part 2: Results and validation
Authors: Mei Linlu , Rozanov Vladimir , Jäkel Evelyn , Cheng Xiao , Vountas Marco , Burrows John P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. To evaluate the performance of the eXtensible Bremen Aerosol/cloud and surfacE
parameters Retrieval (XBAER) algorithm, presented in the Part 1 companion paper to this paper, we apply the XBAER algorithm to the Sea and Land
Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) instrument on board Sentinel-3. Snow
properties – snow grain size (SGS), snow particle shape (SPS) and specific
surface area (SSA) – are derived under cloud-free conditions. XBAER-derived
snow properties are compared to other existing satellite products and
validated by ground-based and aircraft measurements. The atmospheric
correction is performed on SLSTR for cloud-free scenarios using Modern-Era
Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) aerosol optical
thickness (AOT) and the aerosol typing strategy according to the standard XBAER
algorithm. The optimal SGS and SPS are estimated iteratively utilizing a
look-up-table (LUT) approach, minimizing the difference between
SLSTR-observed and SCIATRAN-simulated surface directional reflectances at
0.55 and 1.6 µm. The SSA is derived for a retrieved SGS and SPS pair.
XBAER-derived SGS, SPS and SSA have been validated using in situ measurements from
the recent campaign SnowEx17 during February 2017. The comparison shows a
relative difference between the XBAER-derived SGS and SnowEx17-measured SGS of
less than 4 %. The difference between the XBAER-derived SSA and SnowEx17-measured SSA is 2.7 m2/kg. XBAER-derived SPS can be
reasonably explained by the SnowEx17-observed snow particle shapes. Intensive validation shows that (1) for SGS and SSA, XBAER-derived results
show high correlation with field-based measurements, with correlation
coefficients higher than 0.85. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of SGS and
SSA are around 12 µm and 6 m2/kg. (2) For SPS, aggregate SPS
retrieved by XBAER algorithm is likely to be matched with rounded grains
while single SPS in XBAER is possibly linked to faceted crystals. The comparison with aircraft measurements, during the Polar Airborne
Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Simulation Project
(PAMARCMiP) campaign held in March 2018, also shows good agreement (with
R=0.82 and R=0.81 for SGS and SSA, respectively). XBAER-derived SGS and
SSA reveal the variability in the aircraft track of the PAMARCMiP campaign. The
comparison between XBAER-derived SGS results and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Snow-Covered Area and
Grain size (MODSCAG) product over Greenland shows similar spatial
distributions. The geographic distribution of XBAER-derived SPS over
Greenland and the whole Arctic can be reasonably explained by campaign-based
and laboratory investigations, indicating a reasonable retrieval accuracy of
the retrieved SPS. The geographic variabilities in XBAER-derived SGS and SSA
both over Greenland and Arctic-wide agree with the snow metamorphism
process.
El Impacto de Ley 1696 del 2013 sobre la Demanda y Consumo de Alcohol Etílico. Caso: Aguardiente Blanco del Valle de la ILV
Authors: Peña Benítez Duván F. 
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo trata del impacto sobre la demanda por alcohol etílico (botella de aguardiente blanco del Valle 750 cc), en el marco de la ley 1696 de 2013, el caso del departamento del Valle del Cauca. Se comprende que la legislación en Colombia ha hecho un esfuerzo importante para regular, no solo la venta, sino los efectos nocivos que el alcohol pueda tener sobre los consumidores y sociedad. Los estudios muestran que Colombia es un importante consumidor de bebidas alcohólicas a nivel continente, y que el consumo del mismo es muy representativo dentro del gasto de consumo del ciudadano medio. A través de un de un modelo ARIMA se ha logrado detectar que no hay evidencia significativa para indicar que el la ley 1696 del 2013 tenga un efecto regresivo sobre la demanda del producto en estudio. Se infiere que si bien la ley no busca desestimular el consumo de alcohol, si se esperaba que la ley tuviese un efecto “indirecto” sobre el consumo. Implícitamente el estudio infiere que la demanda de alcohol no está correlacionada con quienes tienen vehículos y conducen, sino que la misma está asociada a estrategias propias de ese producto en el mercado.
El papel del maestro más allá de las estrategias didácticas: apuntes para una propuesta de posicionamiento docente
Authors: Muñoz Ramírez Norma Lucía 
Published: June 2021

Este documento recoge el análisis de las apreciaciones de docentes en ejercicio sobre su papel como maestros para la sociedad, a partir de interrogantes como: ¿están los docentes llamados a ser simples aplicadores de metodologías?, ¿tienen participación en la creación de propuestas pedagógicas que piensen el tipo de sociedad y de sujeto social que necesita Colombia?, ¿cuál es lugar que se le otorga en países como Colombia a la profesión docente? Para ello, se inicia con un resumen de las competencias docentes que plantean algunos modelos educativos o entidades como la Unesco para reflexionar sobre la visión que se tiene del maestro desde estas entidades. Posteriormente, se exponen las reflexiones de los maestros alrededor de lo que está fallando y qué se debe hacer para erigir al maestro como constructor de tejido social. Se identifican tres tópicos: el lugar del docente en la sociedad colombiana, la formación de profesores y la participación de estos en políticas educativas. Finalmente se presentan conclusiones sobre la importancia del maestro como intelectual transformativo, agente histórico, social, político y cultural, en oposición a la visión instrumentalista del docente como técnico que aplica estrategias didácticas.
Abstract
This document gathers the analysis of teachers in practice opinions about their role as teachers for society, based on questions such as: Are teachers called to be simple applicators of methodologies? Do they participate in the creation of pedagogical proposals that think about the type of society and the social subject sought in Colombia? What place is given in countries like Colombia to the teaching profession? For this, an initial summary of the teaching competences that some educational models or entities such as Unesco seeks is offered to generate reflection about the vision such entities have of teachers.
(Celea): Centro de Lectura y Escritura Académica de la Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium - UNICATÓLICA, de Cali, retos y perspectivas formativas
Authors: Alzate Méndez Alejandro 
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de reflexionar sobre la importancia de la escritura académica en la sociedad de hoy, un espacio marcado por la heterogeneidad de tecnologías, metodologías cognitivas y desarrollos en el campo de la didáctica. De igual modo, se presentan las principales perspectivas formativas que orientan el quehacer del Centro de Lectura y Escritura Académica de la Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium - unicatólica (Celea).
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to reflect on the importance of academic writing in today’s society, a space that we recognize as marked by the heterogeneity of technologies, cognitive methodologies and developments in the field of teaching. Likewise, the main formative perspectives that guide the work of the Academic Reading and Writing Center of the Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium -unicatólica (Celea) will be presented.
O roli i znaczeniu przypadku
Authors: Mąsior Edyta 
Published: June 2021

Artykuł przybliża poszukiwania oparte na tematyce sceny tenisowej przedstawionej za pomocą tekstu, filmu i technologii, równocześnie nakreślając rzeczywistość przybliżoną za pomocą różnych mediów. Kontekst badań odnosi się do przykładów zaczerpniętych z dzieł sztuki z lat 60. i 70. XX wieku, to jest z filmu Blow-Up w reżyserii Michelangelo Antonioniego (1966), opartym na poetyckim dziele Julio Cortázara Las babas del diablo (1959) i meczu tenisowym, jak go przedstawia Robert Rauschenberg w dziele Open Score (1966). Te dzieła sztuki łączy wyjątkowy świat. Interesująca jest dla mnie relacja medium–działanie–mechanizm rozgrywanej akcji, szczególnie w odniesieniu do technologii i nowych możliwości. Celem tych badań i analizy – wynikających z początkowej, pierwotnie empirycznej obserwacji – jest utrwalenie i opisanie tożsamości (charakteru) tego, co jest obserwowane (przedmiotu), oraz obserwatora, jak również interakcja między tym, co obserwowane, a obserwatorem. Jak pokazać, że „grać granie” to część gry? Przyczynkiem do poszukiwania była własna praca artystyczna związana z przemysłowym przedmiotem, jakim jest balon, który został przeniesiony w obszar działania twórczego. Pierwsza część pracy teoretycznej dotyczy zagadnienia roli i znaczenia przypadku, druga balonu w sztuce.
Wielowymiarowość przestrzeni publicznych
Authors: Stryszowska-Winiarz Katarzyna 
Published: June 2021

Interpretując krajobraz, staramy się odczuć miejsca, uświadomić sobie zastaną przestrzeń, poczuć jej otwartość i nieskończoność. Każde nowe ujęcie perspektywiczne otwiera nowe spojrzenie. W określeniu sytuacji przestrzennej ważną funkcję pełnią zmysły. W miarę poznawania danej przestrzeni pejzaż staje się bardziej „oswojony”. Każde zatrzymanie wzroku, zaistniała pauza dają czas, aby stworzyć własne wyobrażenie miejsca. Obszar dobrze znany staje się miejscem. Przestrzenie publiczne wyznaczają miejsca społecznych kontaktów. Dają sposobność do aktywnego doświadczenia przestrzeni oraz spotkania z drugim człowiekiem. W samym sposobie naszego uczestnictwa w życiu społecznym kryje się etyka. Wzajemne poszanowanie i zrozumienie wynikają z umiejętności „czytania wartości”. Myślenie etyczne uwrażliwione jest na sprawy drugiego człowieka, jest myśleniem człowieka o człowieku. Przestrzenie publiczne wpisane w strukturę miasta angażują widza, by uświadomić mu jego własną rolę w doznawaniu otaczającej rzeczywistości. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wielowymiarowości przestrzeni, która niesie szereg doznań i doświadczeń. Przestrzeń, która jest wygodna i wygląda zachęcająco, zmienia wymowę architektury miasta. Otchłań morska wzbudza uczucie niepokoju i wyobcowania. Przestrzeń powietrzna jest bezmiarem wysokości i nieosiągalną powłoką. Miejsca poparte uczuciami patriotycznymi są elementem identyfikacji z daną przestrzenią. Przestrzenie publiczne stanowią właściwą oprawę dla monotonnej tkanki miasta.
Pengaruh Lama Waktu Pengadukan Terhadap Pengikatan Impuritis untuk Meningkatkan Kadar NaCl Pada Garam Rakyat
Authors: Astuti Rika Puji , Yulianti Cicik Herlina , Prasetya Rahmad Aji 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKGaram dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu kumpulan senyawa kimia yang bagian utamanya adalah Natrium Chlorida (NaCl) dengan zat-zat pengotor terdiri dari MgCl2, MgSO4, CaSO4, dan lain-lain. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan sampel garam rakyat dari Pasar Larangan Sidoarjo yang memiliki kualitas dibawah standar, dengan kadar NaCl 81,88% b/b. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pemurnian garam dengan menggunakan metode rekristalisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu pengadukan (15, 30, dan 45menit) terhadap penambahan beberapa senyawa kimia, seperti natrium hidroksida (NaOH), natrium karbonat (Na2CO3) dan barium klorida (BaCl2) untuk mengurangi ion polutan (Ca2+, Mg2+ dan SO42-). Sehingga kadar NaCl dalam garam rakyat akan meningkat. Kadar NaCl dihitung sebelum dan setelah diberi perlakuan dengan menggunakan metode titrasi argentometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar NaCl tertinggi diperoleh pada rekristalisasi dengan lama waktu pengadukan 45 menit, dengan kadar 98,86% b/b. Kemurnian ini sesuai untuk memenuhi tuntutan kebutuhan masyarakat dan industri.Kata Kunci: Garam Rakyat, Kadar NaCl, Lama Waktu PengadukanABSTRACTSalt can be defined as chemical compounds which the main substance is Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with impurity substances consist of MgCl2, MgSO4, CaSO4, etc. This study used public salt from Larangan Market Sidoarjo which has sub-standard quality, and the concentration of NaCl is about 81,88%b/b. Hence, salt purification is needed using recrystallization method. This study was conducted to determine the influence of stirring time (15, 30, and 45 minutes) of the addition of several chemical compounds, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodiumcarbonate (Na2CO3) and barium chloride (BaCl2) in order to reduce the pollutant ions (Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42-). Eventually the percentage of NaCl concentration in public salt will increase. NaCl concentration was calculated before and after treatment was using argentometry titration. The results shows that the highest NaCl concentration is obtained at recrystallization with stirring time 45 minutes, concentration 98,86% b/b. This purity suitable to meet the needs of society and industry demands.Keywords: Stirring Time, The Concentration Of NaCl, Public Salt.
Pengaruh Linen Bedah Rekondisi terhadap Shelf-Life Linen Bedah Steril di CSSD Rumah Sakit “X” Surabaya
Authors: Dipahayu Damaranie , Butsianto Marcelinus , Ebtavany Tamara Gusti 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui shelf-life linen bedah rekondisi yang disterilkan dengan otoklaf dan disimpan di ruang yang memenuhi syarat penyimpanan di CSSD Rumah Sakit “X” Surabaya.Uji sterilitasdilakukan menggunakan metode inokulasi langsung dengan lidi kapas. Sampel disimpan selama 12 hari pada suhu (18-22)0C dan kelembaban (35-75)%. Sampel ini diambil di hari ke 0, 3, 6, 9, dan 12. Untuk menghindari positif palsu, harus dilakukan uji sterilitas media, uji fertilitas media , uji cairan pembasah, dan uji efektivitas LAFC. Sebagai jaminan proses sterilitas dilakukan kontrol indikator sterilisasi yang meliputiindikator fisika, indikator kimia, dan indikator biologi. Ada dua media kultur yang digunakan, yaituFluid Thyoglycollate Medium dengan Bacillus subtilisuntuk menguji adanya bakteri dan Soybean-CaseinDigest Medium dengan Candida albicans untuk mengetahui adanya pertumbuhan jamur. Hasil dari uji sterilitas media, uji fertilitas media, dan uji efektivitas LAFC juga uji sterilitas cairan pembasah memenuhii persyaratan. Hasil pengujian sampel menunjukkan bahwa selama 12 hari penyimpanan tetap steril.Kata kunci: Linen bedah rekondisi, Shelf-life, dan SterilisasiABSTRACTThis research was conducted to determine shelf-life linen recondition which sterilized with autoclaves and stored at conditional storage room of CSSD “X” Surabaya hospital. Sterility test was using direct inoculation method with cotton swab. Samples were stored for 12 days at a temperature of (18-22)0C and humidity of (35-75)%. These samples were taken at days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. To avoid false positive, it had to used media sterility test, media fertility test, wetting liquid test, and effectiveness test LAFC. As the assurance sterility process, sterilization indicator control was using with physic, chemistry,and biologi indicator. There are two culture media used, were Thyoglycollate Medium Fluid with Bacillus subtilis tested bacteria and Soybean-casein DigestMedium with Candida albicans. The research result of media Sterility test, media fertility test, and LAFC effectivity test also sterility test of sterile wetting liquid is meet the requirements. The result samples showed that during 12 days of storage remains sterile.Keywords: Linen surgical recondition, Shelf-life, and Sterilization
Karakteristik Fisika Masker Gel Peel Off dan Krim Wajah dengan Kandungan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kakao ( Theobroma cacao, L.) Sebagai Antioksidan Topikal
Authors: Dipahayu Damaranie 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKKulit buah kakao adalah salah satu sumber antioksidan alami. Ekstrak etanol kulit buah kakao memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 0.08 mg/ml. Kulit buah kakao mengandung 37 % katekin, 4%antosianin dan 58 % proantosianidin. Antioksian topikal dalam kosmetika contohnya masker gel peel off dan krim. Formula Kosmetika yang baik adalah yang memiliki karakteristik dan stabilitas yang baik.Studi ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data dari pengaruh kombinasi HPMC dan PVA = FM 1:FM2:FM3:FM4= (2:12); (4:12): (2:16); (4:16) terhadap daya sebar dan waktu mengering dari sediaan masker gel. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui pengeruh kecepatan pengadukan 750 rpm dan 1500 rpm terhadap penyebaran dan ukuran globul dari krim antioksidan.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan baik HPMC dan PVA tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap daya sebar dan konsentrasi HPMC lebih tinggi akan mempengaruhi waktu mengering dari masker gel peel off selama masa simpan 28 hari. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan daya sebar dan ukuran globul pada metode pengadukan 750 rpm namun tidak pada pengadukan 1500 rpm pada krim wajah antioksidan selama masa simpan 28 hari.Kata Kunci: Kulit buah cacao, karakteristik fisik, masker gel peel off , krim antioksidan.ABSTRACTCocoa rind (Theobroma cacao L.) is a natural resourches of antioxidant. Half percent (0.5 %) Ethanolic extract of Cacao rind (Theobroma cacao L.) has 50 IC value as a 0,08 mg/ mL. Cocoa rind containing 37 % cathecin, 4 % anthocyanins and 58 % proanthocyanidins. Antioxidant topical in cosmetics such as peel off gel mask and cream. A good cosmetics formulation gives a good characteristic and stability. The study aims to provide data on the effect of HPMC - PVA combination = FM 1:FM2:FM3:FM4= (2:12); (4:12): (2:16); (4:16) to the power spread and drying time of the peel off gel mask. In addition, this study gives data of stirring speed at 750 rpm and 1500 rpm = FC1:FC2 that influence spreading and globul size of antioxidant cream. This study finds that during the storage period of 28 days the difference of HPMC and PVA has no affect on the power spread but it affects the drying time, the greater concentration of HPMC can rapidly dry the gel mask when applied to the skin surface. The study also finds that during the storage period of 28 days, there was a significant difference in power spread and particle size at 750 rpm stirring and no significant difference in 1500 rpm.Key Words: Cocoa rind extract, physic characteristic, peel off gel mask, antioxidant cream.
Temporal and Geographic Trends in Medicare Reimbursement of Primary and Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty: 2000 to 2020
Authors: Testa Edward J. , Haglin Jack M. , Li Neill Y. , Moore M. Lane , Gil Joseph A. , Daniels Alan H. , Paxton E. Scott 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
A comprehensive understanding of the trends for financial reimbursement of shoulder arthroplasty is important as progress is made toward achieving sustainable payment models in orthopaedics. This study analyzes Medicare reimbursement trends for shoulder arthroplasty. We hypothesize that Medicare reimbursement has decreased for shoulder arthroplasty procedures from 2000 to 2020 and that revision procedures have experienced greater decreases in reimbursement.

Methods:
The Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services was queried for each Current Procedural Terminology code used in shoulder arthroplasty, and physician reimbursement data were extracted. All monetary data were adjusted for inflation to 2020 US dollars. Both the average annual and the total percentage change in surgeon reimbursement were calculated based on these adjusted trends for all included procedures. Mean percentage change in adjusted reimbursement among primary procedures in comparison to revision procedures was calculated. The mean reimbursement was assessed and visually represented by geographic state.

Results:
The average reimbursement for all shoulder arthroplasty procedures decreased by 35.5% from 2000 to 2020. Revision total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) experienced the greatest mean decrease (−44.6%), whereas primary TSA (−23.9%) experienced the smallest mean decrease. The adjusted reimbursement rate for all included procedures decreased by an average of 1.8% each year. The mean reimbursement for revision procedures decreased more than the mean reimbursement for primary procedures (−41.1% for revision, −29.9% for primary; P < 0.001). The mean reimbursement for TSA in 2020, and the percent change in reimbursement from 2000 to 2020, varied by state.

Discussion:
Medicare reimbursement for shoulder arthroplasty procedures has decreased from 2000 to 2020, with revision procedures experiencing the greatest decrease. Increased awareness and consideration of these trends will be important as healthcare reform evolves, and reimbursements for large joint arthroplasty are routinely adjusted.
Association of Depression and Anxiety With Expectations and Satisfaction in Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Henry Jensen K. , Barth Kathryn , Cororaton Agnes , Hummel Amelia , Cody Elizabeth A. , Mancuso Carol A. , Ellis Scott 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Mental health diagnoses involving depression or anxiety are common and can have a dramatic effect on patients with musculoskeletal pathologies. In orthopaedics, depression/anxiety (D/A) is associated with worse postoperative patient-reported outcomes. However, few studies have assessed the effect of D/A on expectations and satisfaction in foot and ankle patients.

Methods:
Adult patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery were prospectively enrolled. Preoperatively, patients completed the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener-7, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and Expectations Survey. At 2 years postoperatively, surveys including satisfaction, improvement, and fulfillment of expectations were administered. Fulfillment of expectations (fulfillment proportion) and FAOS scores were compared between patients with D/A and non-D/A patients.

Results:
Of 340 patients initially surveyed, 271 (80%) completed 2-year postoperative expectations surveys. One in five patients had D/A symptoms. Preoperatively, D/A patients had greater expectations of surgery (P = 0.015). After adjusting for measured confounders, the average 2-year postoperative fulfillment proportion was not significantly lower among D/A compared with non-D/A (0.86 versus 0.78, P = 0.2284). Although FAOS scores improved postoperatively for both groups, D/A patients had significantly lower preoperative and postoperative FAOS scores for domains of symptoms, activity, and quality of life (P < 0.05 for all). D/A patients reported less improvement (P = 0.036) and less satisfaction (P = 0.005) and were less likely willing to recommend surgery to others (P = 0.011).

Discussion:
Patients with D/A symptoms had higher preoperative expectations of surgery. Although D/A patients had statistically similar rates of fulfillment of expectations compared with non-D/A patients, they had markedly lower FAOS scores for domains of symptoms, activity, and quality of life. D/A patients also perceived less improvement and were more often dissatisfied with their outcomes. These findings should not dissuade providers from treating these patients surgically but rather emphasize the importance of careful patient selection and preoperative expectation management.

Level of Evidence:
Level III; retrospective review of prospective cohort study