bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuing Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Injections Among Initial Nonresponders Results in Significant Curvature Improvements in the Majority of Peyronie’s Disease Men
Authors: Alom Manaf , Burgon Holli , Ziegelmann Matthew , Köhler Tobias , Helo Sevann , Trost Landon 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is currently unclear if men with Peyronie’s Disease (PD) who achieve minimal benefits with the first 2 series of Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum (CCH) injections should continue with additional injections.AimTo analyze curvature improvements from the final two series of CCH injections based on amount of improvement during the first 2 series.MethodsA prospective registry was analyzed of all men undergoing CCH injections for PD at a single institution. Men were included if they had completed a full 4 series (8 injections) of CCH and had baseline, interval (after 2 series), and/or final (after 4 series) curvature assessments available. Men were stratified into cohorts using baseline-to-interval assessments of ≤10° (or ≤20%) and &gt;10° (or &gt;20%), and improvements were compared using interval-to-final assessments.OutcomesThe primary outcome was interval-to-final curvature improvements stratified by ≤10°/&gt;10° or ≤20%/&gt;20% improvements achieved during the baseline-to-interval period. Secondary outcomes included analyses of demographic and pathophysiologic variables to determine associations with significant improvements during the final 2 CCH series.RESULTSA total of 296 PD men were identified as receiving at least one CCH injection, of whom 175 had baseline-to-interval, 84 interval-to-final, and 115 with baseline-to-final measurements. Mean age was 56.6, PD duration 28.6 months, baseline curvature 63.4°, hourglass deformity 36.2%, and calcification 20%. Mean overall curve improvement was −21.5° (33.1%). Among men who experienced ≤20% improvements after 2 series, the mean subsequent curvature change was -24.6% during the final two series (vs +4.3% of those with &gt;20% initial improvement, P&lt; .001), and they were 2.7x more likely to experience &gt;20% subsequent curve improvements. Thirty-one percent of those who achieved &gt;10° during the first 2 series experienced benefits during the final 2 series compared to 70% of men who had ≤10° improvement initially. No demographic or pathophysiological variables predicted likelihood for improvements during the final 2 series of injections.Clinical ImplicationsMen who fail to achieve significant benefits with 2 series of CCH injections may benefit from completing the final 2 series.Strengths and LimitationsStrengths including a relatively large, prospective series. Limitations include a single center, nonrandomization, nonblinded assessments, and restriction to men who completed eight injections.CONCLUSIONSIn the current series, approximately 2/3 of men who fail to achieve &gt;10° or 20% curve improvements with an initial 2 series of CCH injections achieved &gt;10° or 20% improvements with the subsequent 2 series.
Stethoscope hygiene: A call to action. Recommendations to update the CDC guidelines
Authors: Kalra Sarathi , Amin Alpesh , Albert Nancy , Cadwell Cindy , Edmonson Cole , Gaynes Robert , Hand Mary , Marinella Mark , Morely Colleen , Sieck Sandra , Vasudevan Rajiv S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHealthcare-acquired infections are a tremendous challenge to the US medical system. Stethoscopes touch many patients, but current guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not support disinfection between each patient. Stethoscopes are rarely disinfected between patients by healthcare providers. When cultured, even after disinfection, stethoscopes have high rates of pathogen contamination, identical to that of unwashed hands. The consequence of these practices may bode poorly in the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Alternatively, the CDC recommends the use of disposable stethoscopes. However, these instruments have poor acoustic properties, and misdiagnoses have been documented. They may also serve as pathogen vectors among staff sharing them. Disposable aseptic stethoscope diaphragm barriers can provide increased safety without sacrificing stethoscope function. We recommend that the CDC consider the research regarding stethoscope hygiene and effective solutions to contemporize this guidance and elevate stethoscope hygiene to that of the hands, by requiring stethoscope disinfection or change of disposable barrier between every patient encounter.
Verb argument structure overgeneralisations for the English intransitive and transitive constructions: grammaticality judgments and production priming
Authors: BIDGOOD AMY , PINE JULIAN , ROWLAND CAROLINE , SALA GIOVANNI , FREUDENTHAL DANIEL , AMBRIDGE BEN 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe used a multi-method approach to investigate how children avoid (or retreat from) argument structure overgeneralisation errors (e.g., *You giggled me). Experiment 1 investigated how semantic and statistical constraints (preemption and entrenchment) influence children’s and adults’ judgments of the grammatical acceptability of 120 verbs in transitive and intransitive sentences. Experiment 2 used syntactic priming to elicit overgeneralisation errors from children (aged 5–6) to investigate whether the same constraints operate in production. For judgments, the data showed effects of preemption, entrenchment, and semantics for all ages. For production, only an effect of preemption was observed, and only for transitivisation errors with intransitive-only verbs (e.g., *The man laughed the girl). We conclude that preemption, entrenchment, and semantic effects are real, but are obscured by particular features of the present production task.
Following the Old Road: Organizational Imprinting and the Regional Development of Russia
Authors: Nykänen Nooa 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, I draw from organizational imprinting theory to illuminate the impact of the Soviet legacy on contemporary Russian economic geography and regional policy. I argue that central coordination in the creation and regulation of Russian urban agglomerations is connected to a socialist imprinted paradigm associated with the Soviet economic regionalization model and territorial-production complexes (TPCs). I conduct a qualitative historical study to analyze the role of the foundational environment and the dynamics in the development of this imprint. I propose that this imprint effect is prone to reproduction in contemporary regional development strategies and community-based paradigms due to exaptation and cultural-cognitive persistence. The article extends the literature of socialist imprinting by demonstrating how imprints may emerge, transform, and affect localized organizational communities in transition economies and highlights the role of imprinted paradigms in policymaking and regional development.
What is partial ambiguity?
Authors: Berger Loïc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper reflects on the notion of partial ambiguity. Using a framework decomposing ambiguity into distinct layers of analysis, among which are risk and model uncertainty, and allowing for different attitudes toward these layers, I show that partial ambiguity may prove less desirable than full ambiguity, even under ambiguity aversion. This observation poses difficulties for interpreting the notion of partial ambiguity in relation to the partial information available to determine the potential compositions of an ambiguous urn. Two Ellsberg-style thought experiments are described to challenge the meaning of partial ambiguity further, and an alternative interpretation, based on a more ambiguous relation, is discussed.
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF IMPLICIT-STATISTICAL LEARNING APTITUDE TO IMPLICIT SECOND-LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Godfroid Aline , Kim Kathy MinHye 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study addresses the role of domain-general mechanisms in second-language learning and knowledge using an individual differences approach. We examine the predictive validity of implicit-statistical learning aptitude for implicit second-language knowledge. Participants (n = 131) completed a battery of four aptitude measures and nine grammar tests. Structural equation modeling revealed that only the alternating serial reaction time task (a measure of implicit-statistical learning aptitude) significantly predicted learners’ performance on timed, accuracy-based language tests, but not their performance on reaction-time measures. These results inform ongoing debates about the nature of implicit knowledge in SLA: they lend support to the validity of timed, accuracy-based language tests as measures of implicit knowledge. Auditory and visual statistical learning were correlated with medium strength, while the remaining implicit-statistical learning aptitude measures were not correlated, highlighting the multicomponential nature of implicit-statistical learning aptitude and the corresponding need for a multitest approach to assess its different facets.
Reconfigurable diplexer using hybrid couplers and perturbed TE012 cavities
Authors: Laplanche E. , Tantot O. , Delhote N. , Verdeyme S. , Perigaud A. , Pacaud D. , Carpentier L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA continuously tunable Ku-band waveguide diplexer is proposed in this paper. This diplexer is based on a hybrid coupler topology and is composed of an input filter centered at 11.9 GHz with a 200 MHz bandwidth, a pair of ladder-type hybrid couplers, and a pair of tunable filters. This diplexer can provide two bandpass channels (channels 1 and 2) that can continuously go from a state where the bandwidths of channels 1 and 2 are maximum (up to 140 MHz) and minimum (down to 40 MHz), respectively, to another configuration where the bandwidth of channel 1 is the largest and the bandwidth of channel 2 is the narrowest. We propose a tunable filter based on TE012 mode circular cavities that are perturbed by low-loss dielectric inserts to obtain such performance. The resonant frequency of these cavities can be continuously tuned between 11.8 and 12 GHz due to the linear movement of the dielectric perturber. The design process for these components is presented and a breadboard device has been manufactured and measured to prove the concept. Different measured configurations of the diplexer are demonstrated, showing that the 200 MHz operating bandpass between 11.8 and 12 GHz can be efficiently separated into two tunable channels. The measured bandwidth of channels 1 and 2 in the manufactured diplexer can be tuned from 135 to 40 MHz (and vice versa) while maintaining an average guard band between the channels of approximately 26 ± 7 MHz. The obtained bandwidth tuning ratios are 3.2 for the highest channel and 3.1 for the lowest channel.
Abiotic Drivers of a Deep Cyanobacteria Layer in a Stratified and Eutrophic Lake
Authors: Taylor J. , Hondzo M. , Voller V. R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHarmful algal blooms (HABs), in particular those consisting of the cyanobacteria Microcystis, are becoming increasingly more common across the globe. Despite the growing body of evidence that suggests vertical heterogeneity of Microcystis can be a precursor to HAB formation, the abiotic drivers of vertical distribution of Microcystis are poorly understood in the field environment. The prediction of subsurface cyanobacteria is also pertinent because subsurface concentrations are not easily recognizable to the public or lake system managers, creating a risk of exposure to harmful algal toxins. High‐frequency temporal and vertical data were collected from a research station anchored in a stratified and eutrophic lake for five months. Using a combination of dimensional analysis and machine learning approaches, data show that the magnitude of the subsurface Microcystis concentration peak and the center of gravity of the deep cyanobacteria layer are statistically significantly mediated by the thermal structure of the lake. The peak subsurface cyanobacteria biovolume is related to the thermocline depth and temperature, whereas the center of gravity of the subsurface cyanobacteria biovolume is related to the mixed layer depth and temperature. Furthermore, our data suggest there is a seasonal evolution of the subsurface cyanobacteria center of gravity that could potentially indicate timing of HAB onset. Based on easily measured parameters associated with the vertical lake temperature profile and meteorological conditions, we provide evidence of predictable trends in subsurface cyanobacteria variables.
Global Patterns in Cratonic Mid‐Lithospheric Discontinuities From Sp Receiver Functions
Authors: Krueger Hannah E. , Gama Isabella , Fischer Karen M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe goal of this study is to constrain the origins of layering in the seismic velocity structure within the cratonic mantle lithosphere (i.e. mid‐lithospheric discontinuities [MLDs]). For long‐lived stations in cratons worldwide, we calculated S‐to‐P converted phase receiver function stacks using time domain deconvolution and a k‐means algorithm to select robust, consistent receiver functions. Negative MLDs appear in only 50% of the receiver function stacks, indicating that negative MLDs are common but intermittent. The negative MLDs correspond to shear velocity drops of 1%–4%, which could be caused by layers of minerals created by metasomatism, although vertical layering in seismic anisotropy cannot be ruled out. In craton interiors, negative MLDs have a lower amplitude (<3% velocity drops) and can be explained by metasomatism of the original Archean mantle. Negative MLD amplitudes increase with decreasing upper mantle shear velocity (toward the outer margins of the cratons), but do not depend on the age of the craton. Thus, negative MLD amplitudes are not dominated by age‐related variations in the cratonic mantle composition, and, instead, are more strongly correlated with proximity to tectonic and metasomatic activity that occurred long after craton formation. Negative MLDs are less numerous among stations that have Paleoproterozoic and Archean thermotectonic ages, consistent with the view that shallow release of slab‐derived fluids during early “warm” subduction was less favorable for negative MLD formation. We also observe velocity gradients below 150 km at stations in craton boundaries and interiors, indicating the presence of seismic velocity changes at the cratonic lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary and/or Lehmann discontinuity.
Dissolved Fe Supply to the Central Gulf of Alaska Is Inferred to Be Derived From Alaskan Glacial Dust That Is Not Resolved by Dust Transport Models
Authors: Crusius John 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRe‐examination of previously published dissolved iron time‐series data from Ocean Station Papa in the central Gulf of Alaska (GoA) reveals 33%–70% increases in the dissolved iron inventories occurring between September and February of successive years, implying a source of Fe to this region during autumn or early winter. Because I can virtually rule out many possible iron sources at this time of year, I suggest Alaskan glacial dust is the likely iron source. Large plumes of such dust are known to be generated regularly in the autumn by anomalous offshore winds and channeled through mountain gaps, simultaneously from several locations spanning ∼1,000 km of the northern Gulf of Alaska coastline. Large dust flux events occur when below‐freezing, low‐humidity air temperatures persist for many days during the autumn. I suggest that existing state‐of‐the‐art global dust models fail to reproduce this Alaskan dust flux because the model spatial resolution is too coarse to resolve the high winds through the narrow mountain gaps that generate the dust. Future work that could help to confirm this Fe source to the central GoA includes time‐series profiles of iron concentrations, and ancillary information from sensor‐equipped profiling floats. If this mechanism of Fe supply to the central GoA were confirmed, it would imply this Alaskan dust is transported ≥1,100 km from the coast, more than twice as far as has been visually documented from satellite observations.
Novel Alzheimer’s disease risk variants identified based on whole-genome sequencing of APOE ε4 carriers
Authors: Park Jong-Ho , Park Inho , Youm Emilia Moonkyung , Lee Sejoon , Park June-Hee , Lee Jongan , Lee Dong Young , Byun Min Soo , Lee Jun Ho , Yi Dahyun , Chung Sun Ju , Park Kye Won , Choi Nari , Kim Seong Yoon , Yoon Woon , An Hoyoung , Kim Ki woong , Choi Seong Hye , Jeong Jee Hyang , Kim Eun-Joo , Kang Hyojin , Lee Junehawk , Kim Younghoon , Lee Eunjung Alice , Seo Sang Won , Na Duk L. , Kim Jong-Won 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with a complex genetic etiology. Besides the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele, a few dozen other genetic loci associated with AD have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted mainly in individuals of European ancestry. Recently, several GWAS performed in other ethnic groups have shown the importance of replicating studies that identify previously established risk loci and searching for novel risk loci. APOE-stratified GWAS have yielded novel AD risk loci that might be masked by, or be dependent on, APOE alleles. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on DNA from blood samples of 331 AD patients and 169 elderly controls of Korean ethnicity who were APOE ε4 carriers. Based on WGS data, we designed a customized AD chip (cAD chip) for further analysis on an independent set of 543 AD patients and 894 elderly controls of the same ethnicity, regardless of their APOE ε4 allele status. Combined analysis of WGS and cAD chip data revealed that SNPs rs1890078 (P = 6.64E−07) and rs12594991 (P = 2.03E−07) in SORCS1 and CHD2 genes, respectively, are novel genetic variants among APOE ε4 carriers in the Korean population. In addition, nine possible novel variants that were rare in individuals of European ancestry but common in East Asia were identified. This study demonstrates that APOE-stratified analysis is important for understanding the genetic background of AD in different populations.
KDM4A regulates myogenesis by demethylating H3K9me3 of myogenic regulatory factors
Authors: Zhu Qi , Liang Feng , Cai Shufang , Luo Xiaorong , Duo Tianqi , Liang Ziyun , He Zuyong , Chen Yaosheng , Mo Delin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHistone lysine demethylase 4A (KDM4A) plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, cell differentiation, development and tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the function of KDM4A in muscle development and regeneration. Here, we found that the conditional ablation of KDM4A in skeletal muscle caused impairment of embryonic and postnatal muscle formation. The loss of KDM4A in satellite cells led to defective muscle regeneration and blocked the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. Myogenic differentiation and myotube formation in KDM4A-deficient myoblasts were inhibited. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that KDM4A promoted myogenesis by removing the histone methylation mark H3K9me3 at MyoD, MyoG and Myf5 locus. Furthermore, inactivation of KDM4A in myoblasts suppressed myoblast differentiation and accelerated H3K9me3 level. Knockdown of KDM4A in vitro reduced myoblast proliferation through enhancing the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21 and decreasing the expression of cell cycle regulator Cyclin D1. Together, our findings identify KDM4A as an important regulator for skeletal muscle development and regeneration, orchestrating myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation.
Fast photothermal spatial light modulation for quantitative phase imaging at the nanoscale
Authors: Robert Hadrien M. L. , Holanová Kristýna , Bujak Łukasz , Vala Milan , Henrichs Verena , Lánský Zdeněk , Piliarik Marek 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpatial light modulators have become an essential tool for advanced microscopy, enabling breakthroughs in 3D, phase, and super-resolution imaging. However, continuous spatial-light modulation that is capable of capturing sub-millisecond microscopic motion without diffraction artifacts and polarization dependence is challenging. Here we present a photothermal spatial light modulator (PT-SLM) enabling fast phase imaging for nanoscopic 3D reconstruction. The PT-SLM can generate a step-like wavefront change, free of diffraction artifacts, with a high transmittance and a modulation efficiency independent of light polarization. We achieve a phase-shift > π and a response time as short as 70 µs with a theoretical limit in the sub microsecond range. We used the PT-SLM to perform quantitative phase imaging of sub-diffractional species to decipher the 3D nanoscopic displacement of microtubules and study the trajectory of a diffusive microtubule-associated protein, providing insights into the mechanism of protein navigation through a complex microtubule network.
Club cell-specific role of programmed cell death 5 in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Park Soo-Yeon , Hong Jung Yeon , Lee Soo Yeon , Lee Seung-Hyun , Kim Mi Jeong , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Kyung Won , Shim Hyo Sup , Park Moo Suk , Lee Chun Geun , Elias Jack A. , Sohn Myung Hyun , Yoon Ho-Geun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) causes progressive fibrosis and worsening pulmonary function. Prognosis is poor and no effective therapies exist. We show that programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) expression is increased in the lungs of patients with IPF and in mouse models of lung fibrosis. Lung fibrosis is significantly diminished by club cell-specific deletion of Pdcd5 gene. PDCD5 mediates β-catenin/Smad3 complex formation, promoting TGF-β-induced transcriptional activation of matricellular genes. Club cell Pdcd5 knockdown reduces matricellular protein secretion, inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Here, we demonstrate the club cell-specific role of PDCD5 as a mediator of lung fibrosis and potential therapeutic target for IPF.
Caspase-8 deficiency induces a switch from TLR3 induced apoptosis to lysosomal cell death in neuroblastoma
Authors: Locquet Marie-Anaïs , Ichim Gabriel , Bisaccia Joseph , Dutour Aurelie , Lebecque Serge , Castets Marie , Weber Kathrin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn cancer cells only, TLR3 acquires death receptor properties by efficiently triggering the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis with Caspase-8 as apical protease. Here, we demonstrate that in the absence of Caspase-8, activation of TLR3 can trigger a form of programmed cell death, which is distinct from classical apoptosis. When TLR3 was activated in the Caspase-8 negative neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, cell death was accompanied by lysosomal permeabilization. Despite caspases being activated, lysosomal permeabilization as well as cell death were not affected by blocking caspase-activity, positioning lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) upstream of caspase activation. Taken together, our data suggest that LMP with its deadly consequences represents a “default” death mechanism in cancer cells, when Caspase-8 is absent and apoptosis cannot be induced.