bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of colorectal cancer screening in Germany: a claims data analysis
Authors: Pardey Nicolas , Kreis Kristine , Schmidt Torben , Stahmeyer Jona T. , Krauth Christian , Zeidler Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith an incidence of 58,000 cases per year, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer in Germany. Although guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT) and colonoscopy are accepted strategies for CRC screening offered for individuals aged 50 or 55 onwards, utilization rates remain low.This study examines various determinants for participation in CRC screening using claims data provided by the AOK Niedersachsen and covering the years 2014 to 2016. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we analyzed sociodemographic factors (sex, age, nationality, type of employment) associated with screening behavior, including individuals who underwent colonoscopy or gFOBT. The effect of school education and professional qualification was estimated using subgroups of employees with social insurance.The analysis consisted of 620,977 insured individuals in the study population for screening colonoscopy, while the gFOBT study population contained 845,191 individuals. With increasing age, individuals were less likely to participate in CRC screening. Participation rates for screening were higher for women than men in younger age groups. However, men in higher age groups showed increased participation rates in gFOBT screening. When compared with German citizens, Turkish citizens use the colonoscopy less often and the gFOBT more often. In contrast to employees with social insurance, unemployed individuals accept the prevention services less frequently, whereas pensioners and voluntarily insured individuals exhibit increased participation rates. In terms of education and professional qualification, we estimated a significantly lower participation rate exclusively for the least educated individuals. The results help to better understand patterns of utilization and can contribute to the development of information programs for specific groups.
Drug-drug Interactions between COVID-19 Treatments and Antidepressants, Mood Stabilizers/Anticonvulsants, and Benzodiazepines: Integrated Evidence from 3 Databases
Authors: Plasencia-García Beatriz Oda , Rico-Rangel María Isabel , Rodríguez-Menéndez Gonzalo , Rubio-García Ana , Torelló-Iserte Jaime , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with psychiatric comorbidities leads to a scenario in which the use of psychotropic drugs may be required. This requires the support of evidence-based medicine to take into account possible interactions between antidepressants, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, and coronavirus infection treatments.
Methods Three databases were consulted: (a) Lexicomp Drug Interactions, (b) Micromedex Solutions Drugs Interactions, (c)Liverpool Drug Interaction Group for COVID-19 therapies. The CredibleMeds QTDrugs List was also queried. Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir-ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, baricitinib, anakinra, and dexamethasone – drugs used for SARS-CoV-2 – were analyzed, and consensus recommendations are made.
Results The potential interactions of agomelatine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, and vortioxetine with COVID-19 treatments shall be considered less risky. Antidepressant interactions with hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and azithromycin enhance the risk of QT prolongation, and ECG monitoring is advised for most antidepressants. Antidepressants with lopinavir/ritonavir involve multiple CYP enzyme interactions (except with milnacipran). Gabapentin, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin, topiramate, and zonisamide are safe treatment options that have no significant interactions with COVID-19 treatments. Lithium is contraindicated with hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and azithromycin. Precaution should be taken in using valproic acid with lopinavir-ritonavir. The use of benzodiazepines does not present a risk of drug interaction with COVID-19 treatments, except lopinavir/ritonavir.
Conclusions Clinicians prescribing antidepressants, mood stabilizers/anticonvulsants, and benzodiazepines, should be aware of the probable risk of drug-drug interaction with COVID-19 medications and may benefit from heeding these recommendations for use to ensure patient safety.
Der Charcot-Fuß
Authors: Jörg Walther Eric , Rietzsch Hannes , Panzner Ines 
Published: June 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Charcot-Fuß ist in Deutschland hauptsächlich mit dem Diabetes mellitus und seiner häufigsten Folgeerkrankung, der Polyneuropathie assoziiert. Diese diabetische neuropathische Osteoarthropathie (DNOAP) weist immer eine Hyposensibilität auf und kann mono- sowie bilateral mit Rötung, Schwellung, Hyperthermie einhergehen. Oft können ein unbemerktes Trauma, eine Operation oder eine Weichteilläsion Auslöser sein. Die Behandlung richtet sich nach der Ausdehnung des Befundes und dem klinischen Stadium – im komplizierten Stadium mit Wunde steht dabei die lokale sowie systemische Ausbreitung der Infektion im Fokus, aber auch eine Entlastung, die Behandlung der Grunderkrankung, die Prüfung des Gefäßstatus und chirurgische Behandlungsmaßnahmen sind essenziell. Die Indikation zu korrigierenden chirurgischen Interventionen wird stringent und zuückhaltend gesehen. Eine optimale orthopädische Schuh- oder TCC (Total Contact Cast)-Versorgung mit entsprechender Anbindung beim Diabetologen und Chirurgen ist neben der optimalen Behandlung der Grunderkrankung entscheidend für die Vermeidung von Komplikationen, die mit einer wesentlich höheren Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert sind. Kernziel der Behandlung ist die Prävention von Rezidiven. Die DNOAP muss vor diesem Hintergrund als interdisziplinäres Krankheitsbild verstanden werden
Gicht als Komorbidität bei Diabetes
Authors: Tausche Anne-Kathrin , Rehwaldt Viktor , Guggenbichler Florian , Christoph Antje , Schatz Ulrike , Rietzsch Hannes , Panzner Ines 
Published: June 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei Patienten mit einem Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 finden sich in der Regel weitere metabolische Erkrankungen, so sind neben der Adipositas eine Hyperurikämie und Gicht häufig assoziiert. Vor allem beim Bestehen von Langzeitfolgen, wie der diabetischen Nephropathie ist das Auftreten einer Hyperurikämie zu beobachten. Besteht zudem eine periphere Neuropathie kann es sein, dass der für die Diagnose einer Gicht so entscheidende heftige Gichtanfallsschmerz vom Patienten gar nicht mehr als Signal wahrgenommen wird. So kann sich stumm eine tophöse Gicht mit destruierenden Gelenkveränderungen entwickeln. Systematische Untersuchungen darüber, wie häufig bei einem diabetischen Fußsyndrom auch eine tophöse Gicht eine Rolle spielt und wie sich dies auf Komplikationen wie z. B. Amputationen auswirken, existieren nicht. Die folgende Arbeit stellt anhand von Patientenbeispielen mögliche Szenarien vor, und diskutiert unter Berücksichtigung der vorhandenen Evidenz praktische Überlegungen zur Diagnostik sowie Therapie von Patienten mit Diabetes und der komplizierenden Komorbidität Gicht.
A Novel Pseudo-Three-Component Synthetic Strategy for the Synthesis of 1,6-Dihydroazaazulenes via Cyclization of Pyrrolyl-enones
Authors: Cortés-Garcia Carlos Jesus , Chacón-García Luis , Valentin-Escalera Josue , García-Dueñas Ana Karen , Solorio-Alvarado Cesar Rogelio , Contreras-Celedón Claudia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA synthetic novel strategy involving a pseudo-three-component reaction to obtain 1,6-dihydroazaazulenes derivates via cyclization of pyrrolyl-enones was developed. This reaction is carried out under mild conditions from simple starting materials and catalyzed with ionic liquid. Notably, three new C–C bonds are formed in the one-pot process. The target molecules are of interest in medicinal chemistry as they contain a privileged scaffold and are considered indole homologues.
Deciding on Treatment Duration for Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism: What is Important to Patients?
Authors: van de Brug Anouk , de Winter Maria A. , ten Wolde Marije , Kaasjager Karin , Nijkeuter Mathilde 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background After 3 months of anticoagulation for unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE), a decision must be made to stop or continue indefinitely by weighing risks of recurrence and bleeding through shared decision-making (SDM). Despite the importance of patient involvement, patients' perspectives on treatment duration are understudied.
Aim To describe the knowledge of VTE and anticoagulation, need for education, perception of risks and benefits of extended treatment, and factors influencing patient's preference to stop or continue treatment after unprovoked VTE.
Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted between May 2019 and August 2020 with adults with unprovoked VTE in one university hospital and one general hospital. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.
Results Eighteen patients were interviewed (median age 64, range: 32–83 years). Three major themes were identified: diagnosis and initial treatment, SDM, and perception of treatment. Education, knowledge, coping, and attitude toward health care suffused major themes. The impact of VTE on daily life varied between individuals, as did the preferred extent of SDM. Overall, patients who felt involved and informed were more satisfied with received care, more aware of risks and benefits of treatment, and more likely to be treatment adherent. Generally, patients were more concerned with risk of recurrent VTE than with risk of bleeding during anticoagulation. We identified a multitude of aspects important to patients when deciding to stop or continue anticoagulation.
Conclusion Sufficient information and an individualized extent of SDM are of crucial importance for patients when deciding on treatment duration after unprovoked VTE.
CD133, a Progenitor Cell Marker, is Reduced in Nasal Polyposis and Showed Significant Correlations with TGF-β1 and IL-8
Authors: Lino Wagner Vargas Souza , Bachi André Luis Lacerda , Neto José Arruda Mendes , Caetani Gabriel , Amaral Jônatas Bussador do , Pezato Rogério 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction Combination of chronic inflammation and an altered tissue remodeling process are involved in the development of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP). Studies demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells expressing the progenitor gene CD133 were involved in a significant reduction of the chronic inflammatory process in the polypoid tissue.
Objective To evaluate the levels of CD133 (Prominin-1) in nasal polypoid tissue and its correlation with interleukin-8 (IL-8) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1).
Methods A total of 74 subjects were divided in the following groups: control group (n = 35); chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps nonpresenting comorbid asthma and aspirin intolerance (CRSwNPnonAI) group (n = 27); and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps presenting comorbid asthma and aspirin intolerance (CRSwNPAI) group (n = 12). Histologic analysis and also evaluation of the concentration of CD133, IL-8, and TGF-β1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were performed in nasal tissue obtained from nasal polypectomy or from middle turbinate tissue.
Results Higher eosinophilic infiltration was found in both CRSwNP groups by histologic analysis. Lower levels of TGF-β1 and IL-8 were observed in both CRSwNP groups when compared with the control group, whereas the CD133 levels were significantly reduced only in the CRSwNPnonAI group compared with the control group.
Conclusion It was demonstrated that the nasal mucosa presenting polyposis showed a significant reduction of CD133 levels, and also that this reduction was significantly correlated with the reduction of TGF-β1 levels, but not with IL-8 levels. Therefore, these findings may be involved in the altered inflammatory and remodeling processes observed in the nasal polyposis.
27.28 Product Class 28: β-Diketimines (1,3-Diimines)
Authors: Chand K. , Umesh  , Dorairaj D. P. , Hsu S. C. N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstractβ-Diketimines, encountered frequently as “nacnac” ligands, have emerged as popular motifs among other ancillary supports. There has been a great deal of interest in these compounds as supporting ligands because of their strong binding to metal ions, their tunable steric and electronic effects, and their diversity in terms of bonding modes. A classical synthetic approach towards β-diketimines is direct condensation of pentane-2,4-diones (and 1,3-diketone analogues) with suitable amines in the presence of an acid source. Recent developments involve the use of molecular sieves to avoid purification problems and to improve yields. Herein, a thorough survey of the synthetic approaches to β-diketimine ligands and their metal complexes, and applications in coordination chemistry, has been compiled.
An investigation of genetic connectivity shines a light on the relative roles of isolation by distance and oceanic currents in three diadromous fish species
Authors: O’Dwyer J. E. , Murphy N. , Tonkin Z. , Lyon J. , Koster W. , Dawson D. , Amtstaetter F. , Harrisson K. A. 
Published: June 2021

Understanding connectivity is crucial for the effective conservation and management of biota. However, measuring connectivity directly is challenging and it is often inferred based on assumptions surrounding dispersal potential, such as environmental history and species life history traits. Genetic tools are often underutilised, yet can infer connectivity reliably. Here, we characterise and compare the genetic connectivity and genetic diversity of three diadromous Australian fish species: common galaxias (Galaxias maculatus), tupong (Pseudaphritis urvillii) and Australian grayling (Prototroctes maraena). For each species, we investigate the extent of genetic connectivity across a study region in south-eastern Australia (~700 km). We further determine the potential roles of contemporary ocean currents in shaping the patterns of genetic connectivity observed. Individuals across multiple rivers were sampled and >3000 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped for each species. We found differences in genetic connectivity for the three species: common galaxias were highly connected, and Australian grayling and tupong exhibited patterns of isolation by distance. The degree of genetic connectivity for tupong and Australian grayling appeared unrelated to oceanic currents. This study indicates that the degree of connectivity for different diadromous species can vary greatly despite broadly similar life history strategies, highlighting the potential value of genetic tools for informing species-specific management plans.
How quantifying the shape of stories predicts their success
Authors: Toubia Olivier , Berger Jonah , Eliashberg Jehoshua 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceWhy are some narratives (e.g., movies) or other texts (e.g., academic papers) more successful than others? Narratives are often described as moving quickly, covering lots of ground, or going in circles, but little work has quantified such movements or tested whether they might explain success. We use natural language processing and machine learning to analyze the content of almost 50,000 texts, constructing a simple set of measures (i.e., speed, volume, and circuitousness) that quantify the semantic progression of discourse. While movies and TV shows that move faster are liked more, TV shows that cover more ground are liked less. Academic papers that move faster are cited less, and papers that cover more ground or are more circuitous are cited more.
How market ecology explains market malfunction
Authors: Scholl Maarten P. , Calinescu Anisoara , Farmer J. Doyne 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceWe develop the mathematical analogy between financial trading strategies and biological species and show how to apply standard concepts from ecology to financial markets. We analyze the interactions of stereotypical trading strategies in ecological terms, showing that they can be competitive, predator–prey, or mutualistic, depending on the wealth invested in each strategy. The deterministic dynamics suggest that the system should evolve toward an efficient state where all strategies make the same average returns. However, this happens slowly and the evolution is so noisy that there are large fluctuations away from the efficient state, causing bursts of volatility and extended periods where prices deviate from fundamental values. This provides a conceptual framework that gives insight into the reasons why markets malfunction.
Imaging the construction of capillary networks in the neonatal mouse brain
Authors: Coelho-Santos Vanessa , Berthiaume Andrée-Anne , Ornelas Sharon , Stuhlmann Heidi , Shih Andy Y. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The distribution of blood throughout the brain is facilitated by highly interconnected capillary networks. However, the steps involved in the construction of these networks has remained unclear. We used in vivo two-photon imaging through noninvasive cranial windows to study the engineering of capillary networks in the cerebral cortex of mouse neonates. We find that angiogenic activity originates at ascending venules, which undergo a burst of sprouting in the second postnatal week. This sprouting activity first establishes long paths to connect venules to blood input from neighboring arterioles, and then expands capillary interconnectivity with a multitude of short-range connections. Our study provides an experimental foundation to understand how capillary networks are shaped in the living mammalian brain during postnatal development.
Making relativistic quantum mechanics simple
Authors: de Peralta Luis Grave , Poveda Luis A , Poirier Bill 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The fundamentals of a quasi-relativistic wave equation, whose solutions match the Schrödinger results for slow-moving particles but are also valid when the particle moves at relativistic speeds, are discussed. This quasi-relativistic wave equation is then used for examining some interesting quantum problems where the introduction of relativistic considerations may produce remarkable consequences. We argue in favor of the academic use of this equation, for introducing students to the implications of the special theory of relativity in introductory quantum mechanics courses.
Berry phases of higher spins due to internal geometry of Majorana constellation and relation to quantum entanglement
Authors: Kam Chon-Fai , Liu Ren-Bao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Majorana stars, the antipodal directions associated with the coherent states that are orthogonal to a spin state, provide a visualization and a geometric understanding of the structures of general quantum states. For example, the Berry phase of a spin-1/2 is given by half the solid angle enclosed by the close path of its Majorana star. It is conceivable that the Berry phase of higher spins may also be related to the geometry of the Majorana constellation. We find that for a spin-1 state, besides the expected contributions from the solid angles enclosed by the close paths of the two Majorana stars, the Berry phase includes a term related to the twist of the relative position vector around the barycenter vector of the two Majorana stars, i.e., the self-rotation of the constellation. Interestingly, if the spin-1 state is taken as a symmetrized two-qubit state, the extra contribution to the Berry phase is given by the self-rotation of the Majorana constellation weighted by the quantum entanglement of the two qubits. This discovery alludes to the relevance of the Majorana stellar geometry in representing the deep structures of quantum states and of quantum entanglement.
Development of the readout system for SiPM-scintillator-based muography devices
Authors: Liu H. , Shen Z. , Liu Z. , Feng C. , Liu S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Muography is a promising imaging method to detect the heavily-shielded materials, large buildings and geological structures. The expansion of the sensitive area and the improvement of the detection accuracy propose strict requirements on the readout system, including large channel number, high integration and low noise. In particular, for the SiPM-scintillator-based technology which strongly relies on temperature, the readout system also needs to compensate for the temperature variation. This paper describes the design and implementation of a scalable readout system for the general muography devices based on SiPM-scintillator technology. A flexible cross-layer coincidence method is embedded in the system to screen out the muon events and further improve the detection efficiency. Self-performance measurements are carried out and the results show that the readout system is capable of outstanding spatial resolution and imaging results.
The lattice thermal conductivity in monolayers group-VA: from elements to binary compounds
Authors: Liu Lu , Peng Chengxiao , Jiang Shujuan , Feng Zhenzhen , Zhang Guangbiao , Wang Chao , Zhang Peiyu , Hu Ming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The lattice thermal conductivity (

κ

L

) of the monolayers of partial group-VA elements and binary compounds are systemically investigated by the first-principles calculations and phonon Boltzmann transport equation (PBTE), including aW-antimonene, α-arsenene, black phosphorus, α-SbAs, α-SbP and α-AsP. The

κ

L

values decrease with the increasing of atomic mass for these materials with similar geometry and valence structures. It is ascribed to phonon branches softening, low phonon group velocity, and large Grüneisen parameters. Due to the neutralization of phonon group velocity and phonon lifetime,

κ

L

of binary compounds is between their corresponding elements. As the atomic radius and mass increase, the bond strength and the phonon group velocity decreases. Furthermore, the dimensionless parameter

γ

2

/

A

, which comes from the Slack equation and only has the dependence of Grüneisen parameter, grows up with the atomic mass rising, which indicates that a larger anharmonicity is present in the heavier V-V monolayers. For SbAs and SbP compounds, the thermal conductivity anisotropy mainly results from the anisotropy of elastic coefficients along armchair and zigzag directions. Our results highlight the impact of atomic arrangement on the thermal conductivity of group VA binary compounds. This work paves a way to modulate the thermal conductivity of 2D VA elements by incorporation atoms with suitable mass and may guide to improve thermoelectrical performance via the alloying method.
Experimental and numerical study on fragmentation mechanism of copper sheet in laser dynamic forming
Authors: Chen Songling , Li Pin , Zhen Xijin , Shen Zongbao , Liu Huixia , Wang Xiao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The fragmentation mechanism of copper sheet in laser dynamic forming (LDF) process is investigated. The investigation of the fragmentation mechanism in the moving sample is quite difficult, so finite element method is adopted to provide detailed information on the stress state during micro-forming. The shock loading was generated using laser-shock-rubber loading technique in which a layer of rubber is inserted to improve laser shock efficiency. When laser power density is 0.491 GW cm−2, the obvious circular fragmentation is located at the center region of rear surface. When laser power density is 0.658 GW cm−2, the diameter of the fragmentation region increased, and what’s more, circumferential and radial cracks were formed in the fragmentation region. The void linkages and terrace-like pattern were also observed. Finite element model reveals that the fragmentation in the moving sheet is not caused by the initial rubber direct loading, but the deceleration at the last stage of forming. Because the curvature in the tip has the highest value at the stopping point, deceleration passes through its maximum value and then causes fragmentation at the last stage of forming. When laser power density is 0.658 GW cm−2, the single layer fragmentation, multiple layer fragmentation, circumferential crack, and radial cracks occur in that sequence.