bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Printed Lattice Structures Through Machine Learning
Authors: Ma Shuai , Tang Qian , Liu Ying , Feng Qixiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lattice structures (LS) manufactured by 3D printing are widely applied in many areas, such as aerospace and tissue engineering, due to their lightweight and adjustable mechanical properties. It is necessary to reduce costs by predicting the mechanical properties of LS at the design stage since 3D printing is exorbitant at present. However, predicting mechanical properties quickly and accurately poses a challenge. To address this problem, this study proposes a novel method that is applied to different LS and materials to predict their mechanical properties through machine learning. First, this study voxelized 3D models of the LS units and then calculated the entropy vector of each model as the geometric feature of the LS units. Next, the porosity, material density, elastic modulus, and unit length of the lattice unit are combined with entropy as the inputs of the machine learning model. The sample set includes 57 samples collected from previous studies. Support vector regression (SVR) was used in this study to predict the mechanical properties. The results indicate that the proposed method can predict the mechanical properties of LS effectively and is suitable for different LS and materials. The significance of this work is that it provides a method with great potential to promote the design process of lattice structures by predicting their mechanical properties quickly and effectively.
Shapley Additive Explanations of Multigeometrical Variable Coupling Effect in Transonic Compressor
Authors: Wang Junying , He Xiao , Wang Baotong , Zheng Xinqian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Optimization algorithms in the compressor detailed design stage generate big data of geometries and corresponding performances, but these data are often not exploited efficiently to unveil hidden compressor design guidance. In this work, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method from game theory is proposed as an efficient methodology to extract design guidelines from databases. A database was generated when optimizing the blade features (sweep, lean, and end-bend) of Rotor 37. Based on this, a neural network is trained to predict compressor efficiency. The SHAP method is then applied to explain the neural network behavior, which provides information on the sensitivity of single geometrical variables and the coupling effect between multiple geometrical variables. Results show that the near-tip sweep and midspan lean angles are most influential on efficiency. Within the same group of variables, the adjacent variables tend to present strong positive coupling effects on efficiency. Among different groups, evident coupling effects are observed between sweep and lean and between lean and end-bend, but the coupling effect between sweep and end-bend is negligible. Flow mechanisms behind the coupling effects are discussed. For near-tip lean angles L3 and L4, the positive coupling effect is due to the change of the passage shock. For near-tip lean angle L4 and sweep angle S4, the change of detached shock leads to a negative coupling effect. The proposed data mining method based on the neural network and SHAP is promising and transferable to other turbomachinery optimization databases in the future.
UK-wide study of the opinions of gastroenterology trainees: COVID-19, Shape of Training and the future workforce
Authors: Raju Suneil A , Harris Rebecca , Cook Charlotte , Harvey Philip , Ratcliffe Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted training. Gastroenterology higher specialty training is soon to be reduced from 5 years to 4. The British Society of Gastroenterology Trainees Section biennial survey aims to delineate the impact of COVID-19 on training and the opinions on changes to training.MethodsAn electronic survey allowing for anonymised responses at the point of completion was distributed to all gastroenterology trainees from September to November 2020.ResultsDuring the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, 71.0% of the respondents stated that more than 50% of their clinical time was mostly within general internal medicine. Trainees reported a significant impact on all aspects of their gastroenterology training due to lost training opportunities and increasing service commitments. During the first wave, 88.5% of the respondents reported no access to endoscopy training lists. Since this time, 66.2% of the respondents stated that their endoscopy training lists had restarted. This has resulted in fewer respondents achieving endoscopy accreditation. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused 42.2% of the respondents to consider extending their training to obtain the skills required to complete training. Furthermore, 10.0% of the respondents reported concerns of a delay to completion of training. The majority of respondents (84.2%) reported that they would not feel ready to be a consultant after 4 years of training.ConclusionsReductions in all aspects of gastroenterology training were reported. This is mirrored in anticipated concerns about completion of training in a shorter training programme as proposed in the new curriculum. Work is now required to ensure training is restored following the pandemic.
Proof-of-principle demonstration of semi-quantum key distribution based on the Mirror protocol
Authors: Han Siyu , Huang Yutao , Mi Shang , Qin Xiaojuan , Wang Jindong , Yu Yafei , Wei Zhengjun , Zhang Zhiming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSemi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) is used to establish a string of shared secret keys between a quantum party and a classical party. Here, we report the first proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of SQKD based on the Mirror protocol, which is the most experimentally feasible SQKD protocol, and equipped with time-phase encoding scheme employing the method of selective modulation. The experiment was performed at a repetition frequency of 62.5 MHz and a high raw key rate arrived at 69.8 kbps, and the average quantum bit error rate was found to be 4.56% and 2.78% for the “SWAP-x-Z” ($\mathrm{x}\in \{01,10\}$
x
∈
{
01
,
10
}
) and the “CTRL-X”, respectively. The results demonstrate the feasibility of our system, and this study is helpful for future research on SQKD experiments.
The study of the refractive scattering of6Li and6He on carbon target with the S-matrix approach
Authors: Hu Liyuan , Song Yushou , Hou Yingwei , Liu Huilan , Yu Gongming 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the S-matrix parametrization is adopted to analyze the refractive scattering of [Formula: see text] at intermediate energies systematically and that of [Formula: see text] at 230 MeV. For [Formula: see text], the experimental data containing the Fraunhofer oscillations and the rainbow falloff are reproduced very well by adjusting parameters. The S-matrix parameters and the rainbow angles show evident tendencies as the bombarding energy increases, which are comparable with those of [Formula: see text] elastic scattering on carbon target. For [Formula: see text], the experimental data in the forward direction are reproduced successfully by slightly adjusting the parameters used in the calculation of [Formula: see text] at 210 MeV. The calculated results show that the [Formula: see text] scattering exhibits a comparable transparency with that of [Formula: see text] at intermediate energies.
Use of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapies in Patients with a Fontan Circulation: Current Practice Across the United Kingdom
Authors: Constantine Andrew , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Jenkins Petra , Tulloh Robert M. R. , Condliffe Robin , Jansen Katrijn , Chung Natali A. Y. , Oliver James , Parry Helen , Fitzsimmons Samantha , Walker Niki , Wort Stephen John , Papaioannou Vasilios , von Klemperer Kate , Clift Paul , Clift Paul , Condliffe Robin , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Jansen Katrijn , Moledina Shahin , Constantine Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Background
The Fontan circulation is a successful operative strategy for abolishing cyanosis and chronic volume overload in patients with congenital heart disease with single ventricle physiology. “Fontan failure” is a major cause of poor quality of life and mortality in these patients. We assessed the number and clinical characteristics of adult patients with Fontan physiology receiving pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapies across specialist centers in the United Kingdom.

Methods and Results

We identified all adult patients with a Fontan‐type circulation under active follow‐up in 10 specialist congenital heart disease centers in England and Scotland between 2009 and 2019. Patients taking PAH therapies were matched to untreated patients. A survey of experts was also performed. Of 1538 patients with Fontan followed in specialist centers, only 76 (4.9%) received PAH therapies during follow‐up. The vast majority (90.8%) were treated with a phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor. In 33% of patients, PAH therapies were started after surgery or during hospital admission. In the matched cohort, treated patients were more likely to be significantly limited, have ascites, have a history of protein‐losing enteropathy, or receive loop diuretics (
P
<0.0001 for all), also reflecting survey responses indicating that failing Fontan is an important treatment target. After a median of 12 months (11–15 months), functional class was more likely to improve in the treated group (
P
=0.01), with no other changes in clinical parameters or safety issues.

Conclusions
PAH therapies are used in adult patients with Fontan circulation followed in specialist centers, targeting individuals with advanced disease or complications. Follow‐up suggests stabilization of the clinical status after 12 months of therapy.
Additive Effects of Genetic Interleukin‐6 Signaling Downregulation and Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering on Cardiovascular Disease: A 2×2 Factorial Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Georgakis Marios K. , Malik Rainer , Burgess Stephen , Dichgans Martin 
Published: December 2021

Background
Although trials suggest that anti‐inflammatory approaches targeting interleukin (IL)‐6 signaling can reduce cardiovascular risk, it remains unknown whether targeting IL‐6 signaling could reduce risk additively to low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) lowering. Here, we assess interactions in associations of genetic downregulation of IL‐6 signaling and LDL‐C lowering with lifetime cardiovascular disease risk.

Methods and Results

Genetic scores for IL‐6 signaling downregulation and LDL‐C lowering were used to divide 408 225 White British individuals in UK Biobank into groups of lifelong exposure to downregulated IL‐6 signaling, lower LDL‐C, or both. Associations with risk of cardiovascular disease (coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, aortic aneurysm, vascular death) were explored in factorial Mendelian randomization. Compared with individuals with genetic IL‐6 and LDL‐C scores above the median, individuals with LDL‐C scores lower than the median but IL‐6 scores above the median had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93–0.98) for cardiovascular disease. A similar OR (0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–0.98) was estimated for individuals with genetic IL‐6 scores below the median but LDL‐C scores above the median. Individuals with both genetic scores lower than the median were at lower odds of cardiovascular disease (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90–0.95). There was no interaction between the 2 scores (relative excess risk attributed to interaction index, 0; synergy index, 1;
P
for multiplicative interaction=0.51). Genetic IL‐6 score below the median was associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk across measured LDL‐C strata (<100 or ≥100 mg/dL).

Conclusions
Genetically downregulated IL‐6 signaling and genetically lowered LDL‐C are associated with additively lower lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease. Future trials should explore combined IL‐6 inhibition and LDL‐C lowering treatments for cardiovascular prevention.
Chung-ying Cheng’s Dialogue with Confucianism and Kant: A Gadamerian Critique
Authors: Palmquist Stephen R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gadamer’s hermeneutics offers several strategies for critiquing Chung-ying Cheng’s synthesis of Confucianism and Kant. Interpreting Kant’s Groundwork, Cheng argues that the distinction between perfect and imperfect duties is too rigid: if the “life principle” is the ultimate root of Kant’s four types of duty, then human inclinations are good; Kant’s perfect duties turn out to be imperfect in some situations, while his imperfect duties such as benevolence (or ren, in Confucian philosophy) turn out sometimes to be perfect. Although Cheng’s synthesis does not satisfy the Groundwork’s universal aim, it does show how to apply Kant’s insights to empirical moral situations.
Final Vowel Loss in Lower Kasai Bantu (drc) as a Contact-Induced Change
Authors: Pacchiarotti Sara , Bostoen Koen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, we present a qualitative and quantitative comparative account of Final Vowel Loss (fvl) in the Bantu languages of the Lower Kasai region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We argue that this diachronic sound shift rose relatively late in Bantu language history as a contact-induced change and affected adjacent West-Coastal and Central-Western Bantu languages belonging to different phylogenetic clusters. We account for its emergence and spread by resorting to two successive processes of language contact: (1) substrate influence from extinct hunter-gatherer languages in the center of innovation consisting of Bantu B80 languages, and (2) dialectal diffusion towards certain peripheral Bantu B70, C80, H40 and L10 languages.
Weather Forecast Semiotics: Public Interpretation of Common Weather Icons
Authors: Reed Jacob R. , Jasko Susan A. , Senkbeil Jason C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Weather icons are some of the most frequently used visual tools that meteorologists employ to communicate weather information. Previous research has shown a tendency for the public to make inferences about weather forecast information on the basis of the icon shown. For example, people may infer a higher likelihood of precipitation, assume a higher intensity of precipitation, or determine the duration of expected precipitation if the weather icon appears to show heavy rain. It is unknown to what extent these inferences align with what the meteorologist who chose the icon intended to convey. However, previous studies have used simulated weather icons rather than ones currently in use. The goal of our study was to explore how members of the public interpret actual weather icons they see on television or in mobile applications. An online survey distributed by broadcast meteorologists through social media was used to collect 6253 responses between August and September of 2020. Eleven weather icons currently used by broadcast meteorologists were included in the study. We also tested eight common weather phrases and asked people whether they thought the icons were good illustrators of those phrases. In addition, people were asked to assign a probability of precipitation to the icons. The findings of our study offer new and unique insights that will improve the communication of weather information by giving meteorologists information about how their audiences interpret weather icons.

Significance Statement
Millions of people are shown weather icons during daily weather broadcasts. This study used two approaches to determine whether these icons are effective elements of weather messaging. For the first approach, we showed people an icon alongside a common weather phrase and had them tell us whether the icon was a good illustrator of the weather phrase. The second approach involved showing people an icon and having them assign a probability of precipitation to it. Across eight weather phrases, none of the icons were thought to be good illustrators, but bad illustrators were clear. These results can be used to improve how icons are used as tools to communicate weather forecasts.
Surface morphology and microstructural analysis of al 8081-mg/zr/tio2 nano metal matrix composite – A base for performance evaluation of polycrystalline diamond and poly cubic boron nitride tools
Authors: Prasad Balla S , KarakaVVNR Chandra M , Annavarapu Venkata S 
Published: December 2021

The investigation of surface roughness in machined materials/products has proven to be a difficult undertaking. The surface quality is determined not only by the parameters but also by the cutting conditions. Surprisingly, a study indicated that when analysing the quality of machining processes currently being done, surface morphology has a significant impact on tool performance. PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) and PCBN (Poly cubic boron nitride) cutting tools produce a better surface finish, which is explored in the machining of Al-Mg/Zr/TiO2 (15%), nano metal matrix composites (NMMC). The study primarily focuses on determining the best parameters for end milling NMMCs in tests for long-term production sustainability. Using scanning electron microscopy, microstructural study of the machined surface will aid in finding the parameters responsible for the cause of surface integrity. The work focusses on analysing tool performance by monitoring the machining process in real time using signal characteristics, forecasting vibrations (displacement) and machine outputs using surface topography and chip analysis. The tool failure was acquired by establishing a correlation between displacement (vibrations) and post machining outcome of experimental study, as a result, the evolution of displacement in the PCBN tool is 24.7 μm, which is better compared to 34.3 μm in the PCD tool at 3000 r/min. PCBN outperformed PCD with a 1.82 μm surface roughness, resulting in longer tool life. Thus, this economical reliable empirical method the problem of finding difficulty identifying the causing of tool wear and failure by correlating sensor signals features with experimental results.
Epidemiology of disease-activity related ophthalmological manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A systematic review
Authors: Jawahar Nitish , Walker Jessica K , Murray Philip I , Gordon Caroline , Reynolds John A 
Published: December 2021

Objective Ophthalmic complications in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are broad and can occur in up to a third of patients. The British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 2004 Index identifies 13 ocular manifestations of active SLE, as opposed to those related to previous disease activity and/or the consequences of therapy. We conducted a systematic review of published literature to determine the frequency of ophthalmic manifestations of active SLE. Methods A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE from their respective inceptions to July 2020 was conducted to identify cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies. Results 22 studies meeting eligibility criteria were included. Most studies featured small sample sizes and were judged to have a high risk of methodological bias. The number and quality of studies did not allow us to confidently estimate the incidence of the conditions. No studies reported epidemiological data for orbital inflammation/myositis/proptosis. The prevalence of each of the other ocular manifestations, with the exception of retinal vaso-occlusive disease, was consistently less than 5%. Retinal vasculitis, uveitis and isolated cotton wool spots tended to be associated with more active SLE disease. Conclusion The prevalence of eye disease due to SLE activity is uncommon, but clinicians should be aware that some conditions tend to be associated with more active systemic disease. Further studies to determine the incidence and risk factors for these ophthalmic manifestations are needed.
Cross-infection and infection control in dental clinics in Nablus and Tulkarm districts
Authors: Menawi Wafaa , Sabbah Areej , Kharraz Lubna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Infection control had many developments in the COVID 19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic, despite this, there were many complications in different health care facilities as well as dentists’ clinics due to the lack of infection control knowledge and compliance failure. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and compliance with the infection control measures in the dental clinics in the Nablus and Tulkarm districts.

Results
The results showed that the total positive response regard all infection control domains were (70.0 %). Whereas the participants gave the highest positive response for personnel protective equipment i.e. gloving was (96.10 %). They gave the instruments related to controls the lowest responses, i.e. instruments sterilization was (59.40 %). The analyzed data showed significant statistical differences in the compliance with infection control measures between Nablus and Tulkarm districts “p < 0.05” in the interest of dentists from Tulkarm.

Conclusions
In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that there is moderate compliance to infection control protocol in Nablus and Tulkarm dental clinics. Thus, there is a need to strengthen adherence to infection control measures.

Method
A universal sampling was used to assess the infection control program at the dental clinics in Nablus and Tulkarm Districts. The study sample involved 265 dentists. Data was collected using a questionnaire which has been sent via email between July and August 2020. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, One-way ANOVA and Post-Hock tests have been used. Statistical significance was set at ″P <0.05″. Cronbach’s alpha has been conducted to ensure the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.
Optimal outcome factors in maternity and newborn care for inpatient (hospital maternity ward-HMW) and outpatient deliveries (outhospital maternity clinics -OMC)
Authors: Lukač Azra , Šulović Nenad , Ilić Aleksandra , Mijović Milica , Tasić Dijana , Smiljić Sonja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives
The aim of the study was to use the United States Optimality Index (OI-US) to assess the feasibility of its application in making decisions for more optimal methods of delivery and for more optimal postpartum and neonatal outcomes. Numerous worldwide associations support the option of women giving birth at maternity outpatient clinics and also at home. What ought to be met is the assessments of requirements and what could be characterized as the birth potential constitute the basis for making the right decision regarding childbirth.

Materials and methods
The study is based on a prospective follow-up of pregnant women and new mothers (100 participants) who were monitored and gave birth at the hospital maternity ward (HMW) and pregnant women and new mothers (100 participants) who were monitored and gave birth at the outhospital maternity clinics (OMC). Selected patients were classified according to the criteria of low and medium-risk and each of the parameters of the OI and the total OI were compared.

Results
The results of this study confirm the benefits of intrapartum and neonatal outcome, when delivery was carried out in an outpatient setting. The median OI of intrapartum components was significantly higher in the outpatient setting compared to the hospital maternity ward (97 range from 24 to 100 vs 91 range from 3 to 100). The median OI of neonatal components was significantly higher in the outpatient compared to the inpatient delivery. (99 range from 97 to 100 vs 96 range from 74 to 100). Certain components from the intrapartum and neonatal period highly contribute to the significantly better total OI in the outpatient conditions in relation to hospital conditions.

Conclusion
Outpatient care and delivery provide multiple benefits for both the mother and the newborn.