bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic features of young patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Bibik E. E. , Dobreva E. A. , Ajnetdinova A. R. , Eremkina A. K. , Mokrysheva N. G. 
Published: October 2021

Background: The main components of mineral metabolism can influence non-classical target organs such as adipose tissue, pancreas, vascular wall. The «metabolic» effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and other participants of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in the hyperfunction of parathyroid glands remain unclear. The study of disorders of carbohydrate, fat and other types of metabolism in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) will help to develop effective measures for prophylaxis and treatment of the patients in order to improve the quality and life span of the population.Aim: To study the main parameters of metabolism in young patients with an active stage of PHPT before surgical treatment.Materials and methods: A one-stage comparative study of young patients with PHPT and healthy volunteers matched by sex, age and body mass index (BMI) was carried out. The participants underwent a comprehensive biochemical and hormonal examination, a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and a bioimpedance analysis of the body composition.Results: 21 patients with PHPT and 18 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Patients with PHPT have higher level of serum triglycerides (p=0.003) without statistically differences of the main carbohydrate and purine parameters comparing with the control group. Visceral obesity were revealed in 42.9% of patients, including those with a normal BMI. Insulin resistance in the PHPT group was noted in 52.4% of cases, while the M-index was statistically lower than in the control subgroup (p=0.008), despite of the comparable body composition of the participants. The M-index showed a positive correlation with blood phosphorus level (p=0.010) only in the general group. Statistically positive correlations of PTH, albumin-corrected calcium and osteocalcin with triglyceride levels, calcium with fasting glycaemia, and PTH with uric acid levels were determined.Conclusion: PHPT is associated with insulin resistance in patients that is the main risk factor for the development of serious carbohydrate and fat disorders. The positive correlation of PTH and blood calcium levels with triglycerides, as well as the tendency to hypertriglyceridemia comparing with healthy volunteers, suggest the disease effect on the development of dyslipidemia.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponins in pediatric population
Authors: Clerico Aldo , Aimo Alberto , Cantinotti Massimiliano 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Apparently healthy children often complain of chest pain, especially after physical exercise. Cardiac biomarker levels are often measured, but the clinical relevance of these assays in children is still debated, even when a cardiac disease is present. Coronary artery disease is exceedingly rare in children, but elevated circulating levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) in an acute setting may help detect heart failure due to an unknown cardiac disorder, or worsening heart failure, particularly in combination with other biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptides. However, the interpretation of biomarkers is often challenging, especially when institutions transition from conventional cTn assays to high-sensitivity (hs-cTn) methods, as well demonstrated in the emergency setting for adult patients. From a clinical perspective, the lack of established reference values in the pediatric age is the main problem limiting the use of hs-cTn methods for the diagnosis and managements of cardiac diseases in infants, children and adolescents. This review aims to discuss the possibility to use hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT to detect cardiac disease and to explore age-related differences in biomarker levels in the pediatric age. We start from some analytical and pathophysiological considerations related to hs-cTn assays. Then, after a systematic literature search, we discuss the current evidence and possible limitations of hs-cTn assay as indicators of cardiac disease in the most frequently cardiac disease in pediatric setting.
The effect of long-term ketogenic diet on serum adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in mice
Authors: Widiatmaja Deandra M. , Lutvyani Alif , Sari Desi R. , Kurniasari Hamidah , Meiliana Ismi D. , Fasitasari Minidian , Yamaoka Yoshio , Rejeki Purwo S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesNoncommunicable disease (NCD) including obesity, cancer, and diabetes has become particular concern worldwide due to its morbidity and mortality which keep increasing annually. Adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are known to be substances that are involved in the development of NCD. Several diet regimens have been developed to treat NCD, one of which is the ketogenic diet (KD). This study aimed to analyze the long-term KD effect on serum adiponectin and IGF-1 levels in mice.MethodsThis study was a real experimental with post-test only controls group design. The subjects were 14 male mice (2–3 months, 20–30 g) were randomly divided into two groups, K1 (n=7, standard diet) and K2 (n=7, KD with a composition of 60% fat, 30% protein, and 10% fiber). All subjects were given diet intervention for 8 weeksad libitum. Serum adiponectin and IGF levels were measured in post-intervention using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Distribution of normality was analyzed by the Shapiro–Wilk Test, mean difference using Independent T-Test, and linear correlation using Pearson’s Correlation Test. Data analysis was performed using Statistic Package for Social Science Version 16.ResultsSerum adiponectin levels in K1 (0.080 ± 0.012) pg/mL and K2 (0.099 ± 0.005) pg/mL, with p=0.003. Serum IGF-1 levels in K1 (133.535 ± 25.702) ng/mL and K2 (109.987 ± 27.118) ng/mL, with p=0.121. Coefficient correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels [r]=−0.401, with p=0.155.ConclusionsLong-term KD increases serum adiponectin levels and has no effect on serum IGF-1 levels. There was no significant correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels.
Leaf paste of Telfairia occidentalis favourably modulates deleterious effects associated with exposure to diethylnitrosamine in male Wistar rats
Authors: Owumi Solomon E. , Olugbami Jeremiah O. , Akinnifesi Andrew O. , Odunola Oyeronke A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is found in workplaces, processed meats, tobacco smoke, whiskey, etc. It is capable of forming DNA-adducts. Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis [To]) is a medicinal plant, and its herbal preparations have been employed variously in ethnomedicine. Furthermore, it has been reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the possible mitigating effect of the leaf paste of To on DEN-induced deleterious effects in male Wistar rats.

Methods
Forty-five rats weighing between 100 and 150 g were equally divided into nine groups and treated thus: Group 1 (negative control), Group 2 (0.05 mg/kg carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC] daily), Group 3 (positive control, 25 mg/kg bw DEN administered intraperitoneally thrice per week), Group 4 (25 mg/kg bw quercetin [QUE] daily alone), Groups 5 and 6 (100 and 200 mg/kg bw To daily, respectively), Group 7 (25 mg/kg bw DEN and QUE), Groups 8 and 9 (25 mg/kg bw DEN with 100 and 200 mg/kg bw To, respectively). Blood glucose levels, liver damage biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and gamma-glutamyltransferase [γ-GT]), frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (mPCEs), and liver histology were assessed.

Results
DEN significantly (p<0.05) increased blood glucose levels, activities of ALT, AST and γ-GT, and frequency of mPCEs. Histologically, DEN caused a severe architectural anarchy. However, the intervention groups demonstrated the remarkable protective properties of To by ameliorating the adverse effects caused by DEN.

Conclusions
Taken together, the leaf paste of To is capable of mitigating DEN-induced hepatotoxicity and clastogenicity in male Wistar rats.
A corpus-based study of grammatical post-metaphorical expressions
Authors: Zhou Jiangping , Gao Yanmei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In Systemic Functional Linguistics, meanings in semantic stratum could be realized by congruent/premetaphorical, metaphorical, or demetaphorical/post-metaphorical expressions in lexico-grammatical stratum. This paper, evidenced from the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA), explores the specific pathway from metaphorical expressions to post-metaphorical ones guided by principles of Context-first and AS IF and the principle of double functionality. The findings show that grammatical postmetaphorization is mainly realized by post-metaphor of ideation and that of modality. The former finds its expressions from common nouns to proper nouns (e.g. from security to Security), or from uncountable nouns to countable nouns (e.g. from security to securities), and the latter is evidenced by expressions shifting from explicit objective orientation to its explicit subjective counterpart (e.g. from it is possible that to it might be possible that), or by modal probability of I think type shifting from clausal initial position to clausal medial or final position (e.g. I think in the medial or final position of the clause).
A systemic functional analysis of the “ngp1 + vgp + ngp2 + ngp3” construction in English
Authors: Huang Guowen , Zhao Ruihua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The literature to date features two very different approaches to the study of syntax, the formal or structure-based approach and the functional or semantics-based approach, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the “ngp1 + vgp + ngp2 + ngp3” construction in English by identifying the relationship between the clausal elements in terms of clause types. The theoretical support is Systemic Functional Linguistics which is semantics-based and which regards form/structure as the realization of meaning/semantics. Specifically, the paper discusses the issue by keeping in mind questions such as “What kind of process is it?”, “How many participants can/must be involved in the process?”, and “What roles can/must those participants play?”. By analyzing three pairs of clauses that share the same “ngp1 + vgp + ngp2 + ngp3” structure, it is found that the clause types SVOO, SOVA, SVOC, and SVO all exhibit the same “ngp1 + vgp + ngp2 + ngp3” structure. The identification of the clause types is conducted by examining the Process in the Transitivity system of the clause. The implication of the present study is that a functional-syntactic analysis should start from meaning and consider how the meaning is realized and that although syntactic analysis at the level of form is necessary, the focus of a good functional-syntactic analysis should be based on semantic analysis at the level of meaning.
Towards a Critical Reconstruction of Modern Refugee Subjectivity: Overcoming the Threat–Victim Bipolarity with Judith Butler and Giorgio Agamben
Authors: Polychroniou Ariadni 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The accurate illustration of the contemporary refugee subject has presented an unprecedented theoretical, epistemological and methodological challenge to all fields of academic research. Seeking for alternative philosophical modalities capable of liberating refugee representation from the suffocating threat–victim bipolarity, this article critically investigates Giorgio Agamben and Judith Butler’s theoretical perspectives on refugee subjectivity. Section 1 systematises the dominant tropes of refugee representation either as dehumanised threats or depoliticised victims. Section 2 introduces the readers to Giorgio Agamben’s emblematic homo sacer as a potentially fertile reconceptualisation of refugee subjectivity. In this context, Judith Butler’s critique on the Agambenian bare life is presented in two core pillars. Following one Butlerian claim, we trace the Agambenian inadequacy to successfully overcome the contemporary threat–victim mode of refugee representation in the absence of an empowering theoretical account of the homo sacer’s agentic and resisting capacities. In Section 4, we explore Judith Butler’s main argument regarding the constitutively political character of vulnerable refugee existence. By designating the Butlerian constellation of vulnerability and agency as an invigorating alternative perspective on modern refugee representation, we finally argue that Butler’s epistemological framework provides a more agonistic and nuanced theorisation of refugee subjectivity than Agamben.
Composition of rainfall in the coastal zone of the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation (based on data from 2019)
Authors: Topchaya Victoria Yu , Kotova Ekaterina I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study conducted in 2019 in which 29 rainfall water samples were collected and analyzed. The concentration of insoluble particles in rainwater was determined, and analysis of the material composition was performed by scanning electron microscopy. The content of Al, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, As, Sr, Cd, Mo, Ba, Be, V, and Pb was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on a quadrupole spectrometer Agilent7500a at the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of RAS. The highest concentrations of insoluble particles (6.5–12.2 mg/L) with the domination of the anthropogenic components in the rainwater were revealed in the samples of the summer-autumn period, while the lowest ones (1.1–3.9 mg/L), with a predominance of biogenic and mineral components were detected in the spring period. A group of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, and Ni) of anthropogenic origin was identified by calculating the enrichment factor (EF).
Prevalence of fibromyalgia 10 years after infection with Giardia lamblia: a controlled prospective cohort study
Authors: Hunskar Gunnhild S. , Rortveit Guri , Litleskare Sverre , Eide Geir Egil , Hanevik Kurt , Langeland Nina , Wensaas Knut-Arne 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether acute infection with Giardia lamblia is associated with fibromyalgia 10 years after infection and whether fibromyalgia is associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic fatigue (CF) in this setting.

Methods
A cohort study was established after an outbreak of G. lamblia in Bergen, Norway, 2004. Laboratory-confirmed cases and a matched control group were followed for 10 years. The main outcome was fibromyalgia 10 years after giardiasis, defined by the 2016 revisions of the fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria using the Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ).

Results
The prevalence of fibromyalgia was 8.6% (49/572) among Giardia exposed compared to 3.1% (21/673) in controls (p<0.001). Unadjusted odds for having fibromyalgia was higher for Giardia exposed compared to controls (odds ratio (OR): 2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.72, 4.91), but adjusted for IBS and CF it was not (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.95). Among participants without CF the odds for fibromyalgia was 6.27 times higher for participants with IBS than those without (95% CI: 3.31, 11.91) regardless of exposure. Among participants without IBS the odds for fibromyalgia was 4.80 times higher for those with CF than those without (95% CI: 2.75, 8.37).

Conclusions
We found a higher prevalence of fibromyalgia among Giardia exposed compared to controls 10 years after the acute infection. Fibromyalgia was strongly associated with IBS and CF, and the difference between the exposed and controls can be attributed to the high prevalence of IBS and CF among the Giardia exposed. Notably, this study was not designed to establish causality between Giardia exposure and the outcomes.
Effect of hyponatremia normalization on osteoblast function in patients with SIAD
Authors: Potasso Laura , Refardt Julie , Meier Christian , Christ-Crain Mirjam 
Published: October 2021

Objective
Hyponatremia is associated with an increased risk of bone fragility and fractures. Many studies suggest that hyponatremia stimulates osteoclast activation, whereas other studies rather reveal a possible role of acute hyponatremia in impairing osteoblast function. We aimed to assess whether and how correction of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) has an impact on bone metabolism.

Design and Methods
This was a predefined secondary analysis of 88 hospitalized patients with SIAD undergoing a randomized treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors or placebo for 4 days. Biochemical markers of bone resorption (CTX) and bone formation (PINP) were collected in serum at baseline and after the intervention (day 5). Bone formation index (defined as PINP/CTX) and its difference between day 5 and baseline were calculated. Patients with steroid therapy (n = 6), fractures (n = 10), or whose data were missing (n = 4) were excluded from the analysis.

Results
Out of 68 patients, 27 (39.7%) were normonatremic at day 5. These patients showed an increase in serum PINP (P = 0.04), whereas persistent hyponatremic patients did not (P = 0.38), with a relevant difference between these two subgroups (P = 0.005). Serum CTX increased similarly in the two groups (P = 0.43). This produced a 47.9 points higher PINP/CTX difference between discharge and admission in normonatremic patients (95% CI: 17.0–78.7, P = 0.003) compared to patients with persistent hyponatremia, independent of age, sex, BMI, smoking habits, randomization arm, and baseline cortisol levels.

Conclusions
Our predefined post hoc analysis shows that correction of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients with SIAD might have a positive impact on osteoblast function.
Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 in Children
Authors: Woodruff Rebecca C. , Campbell Angela P. , Taylor Christopher A. , Chai Shua J. , Kawasaki Breanna , Meek James , Anderson Evan J. , Weigel Andy , Monroe Maya L. , Reeg Libby , Bye Erica , Sosin Daniel M. , Muse Alison , Bennett Nancy M. , Billing Laurie M. , Sutton Melissa , Talbot H. Keipp , McCaffrey Keegan , Pham Huong , Patel Kadam , Whitaker Michael , McMorrow Meredith , Havers Fiona 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES
Describe population-based rates and risk factors for pediatric severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (ie, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, or death).

METHODS
During March 2020 to May 2021, the COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network identified 3106 children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in 14 states. Among 2293 children primarily admitted for COVID-19, multivariable generalized estimating equations generated adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations between demographic and medical characteristics abstracted from patient electronic medical records and severe COVID-19. We calculated age-adjusted cumulative population-based rates of severe COVID-19 among all children.

RESULTS
Approximately 30% of hospitalized children had severe COVID-19; 0.5% died during hospitalization. Among hospitalized children aged &lt;2 years, chronic lung disease (aRR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1–4.3), neurologic disorders (aRR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5‒2.6), cardiovascular disease (aRR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2‒2.3), prematurity (aRR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1‒2.2), and airway abnormality (aRR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1‒2.2) were associated with severe COVID-19. Among hospitalized children aged 2 to 17 years, feeding tube dependence (aRR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5‒2.5), diabetes mellitus (aRR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.6‒2.3) and obesity (aRR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0‒1.4) were associated with severe COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 occurred among 12.0 per 100 000 children overall and was highest among infants, Hispanic children, and non-Hispanic Black children.

CONCLUSIONS
Results identify children at potentially higher risk of severe COVID-19 who may benefit from prevention efforts, including vaccination. Rates establish a baseline for monitoring changes in pediatric illness severity after increased availability of COVID-19 vaccines and the emergence of new variants.
Close Association between Altered Urine–Urothelium Barrier and Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Formation in the Renal Pelvis during Nephritis
Authors: Ichii Osamu , Hosotani Marina , Masum Md. Abdul , Horino Taro , Otani Yuki , Namba Takashi , Nakamura Teppei , Hosny Ali Elewa Yaser , Kon Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) form in organs exhibiting chronic inflammation. Immune responses to infections, autoimmune responses, or allergic responses may trigger TLS development. We observed urine–urothelium barrier alterations in the renal pelvis of a mouse model and in human subjects with chronic nephritis, with or without infection. Furthermore, urine leaked from the renal lumen into the parenchyma in nephritic mice. This stimulated the production of cytokines/chemokines in renal stromal cells, resulting in TLS development termed “urinary tract–associated lymphoid structures” (UTALSs). UTALS development correlated with chronic nephritis in humans and mice regardless of UTI, thus possibly revealing a novel pathologic mechanism. Elucidation is crucial for better understanding of noninfectious chronic nephritis.

Background
Kidneys with chronic inflammation develop tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). Infectious pyelonephritis is characterized by renal pelvis (RP) inflammation. However, the pathologic features of TLSs, including their formation and association with non-infectious nephritis, are unclear.

Methods
RPs from humans and mice that were healthy or had non-infectious chronic nephritis were analyzed for TLS development, and the mechanism of TLS formation investigated using urothelium or lymphoid structure cultures.

Results
Regardless of infection, TLSs in the RP, termed urinary tract–associated lymphoid structures (UTALSs), formed in humans and mice with chronic nephritis. Moreover, urine played a unique role in UTALS formation. Specifically, we identified urinary IFN-γ as a candidate factor affecting urothelial barrier integrity because it alters occludin expression. In a nephritis mouse model, urine leaked from the lumen of the RP into the parenchyma. In addition, urine immunologically stimulated UTALS-forming cells via cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and chemokine (CXCL9, CXCL13) production. CXCL9 and CXCL13 were expressed in UTALS stromal cells and urine stimulation specifically induced CXCL13 in cultured fibroblasts. Characteristically, type XVII collagen (BP180), a candidate autoantigen of bullous pemphigoid, was ectopically localized in the urothelium covering UTALSs and associated with UTALS development by stimulating CXCL9 or IL-22 induction via the TNF-α/FOS/JUN pathway. Notably, UTALS development indices were positively correlated with chronic nephritis development.

Conclusions
TLS formation in the RP is possible and altered urine–urothelium barrier–based UTALS formation may represent a novel mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of chronic nephritis, regardless of urinary tract infection.
The risk of reproductive health disorders in women when exposed to harmful factors
Authors: Sivochalova О. V. 
Published: October 2021

The actual problem of our time is the deterioration of the reproductive health of the population, which in turn, to a certain extent, determines the demographic processes.
The article describes the harmful factors causing violations of the processes of reproduction of professional and ecological genesis. Indicators of the incidence of pregnant women and their offspring are given, depending on the technogenic load of the area of residence.