bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Alcohol Drinking With Incident Type 2 Diabetes and Pre-diabetes: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Li Mei Jiao , Ren Jing , Zhang Wei Sen , Jiang Chao Qiang , Jin Ya Li , Lam Tai Hing , Cheng Kar Keung , Thomas G Neil , Xu Lin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background To examine associations of baseline alcohol drinking with incident type 2 diabetes or impaired fasting glucose, and explore whether the associations were modified by genetic polymorphisms of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B).Methods Information of alcohol consumption was collected at baseline from 2003 to 2008. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l or post-load glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l at follow-up examination (2008-2012), self-reported type 2 diabetes and/or initiation of hypoglycemia medication or insulin during follow-up. Impaired fasting glucose was defined as fasting glucose ≥5.6 mmol/l and <7 mmol/l. Results Of 15,716 participants without diabetes and 11,232 participants without diabetes and impaired fasting glucose at baseline, 1,624 (10.33%) developed incident type 2 diabetes, and 1,004 (8.94%) developed incident impaired fasting glucose during average 4 years of follow-up. After adjusting for sex, age, education, occupation, personal annual income, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, health status, family history of diabetes, compared with never drinking, occasional or moderate alcohol drinking was not associated with risk of incident type 2 diabetes+impaired fasting glucose (odds ratio (OR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94-1.25, and 0.89 (0.68-1.16), respectively), but heavy alcohol drinking was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes+impaired fasting glucose (1.83, 1.25-2.69). No interactions of sex, overweight/obesity and genetic polymorphisms of ADH1B or ALDH2 genes with alcohol drinking on incident type 2 diabetes and/or impaired fasting glucose were found (p for interaction from 0.12 to 0.81). Conclusions Our results support a detrimental effect of heavy alcohol use on impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes. No protective effect was found for those carrying lower risk alleles for ADH1B and ALDH2 genes.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair With a Right Thoracotomy Approach: a Case Report
Authors: Tanioka Hideki , Shibukawa Takanori , Iwata Keiji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The common femoral artery is usually the preferred access route for thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). However, if access from the common femoral artery is challenging, other routes must be considered. We report a case of TEVAR performed by approaching the descending thoracic aorta with a right thoracotomy and using the descending thoracic aorta as an access route. Case presentation: A 70-year-old female was diagnosed with a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (65 mm in diameter), a thoracoabdominal aneurysm (54 mm in diameter), and an abdominal aortic aneurysm (49 mm in diameter). Since the patient had severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, one-stage replacement of the thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm was contraindicated and TEVAR on the descending aorta was selected. A strong tortuous section of the aorta—from the descending aorta to the abdominal aorta—hampered endovascular access to the site from the common femoral artery. A TEVAR approach from the abdominal aorta was also considered; however, an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a transverse colon loop stoma from an earlier surgery presented challenges to this technique. We chose to access the descending thoracic aorta with a thoracotomy from the right 6th intercostal space for TEVAR, because the access route that is not affected by the meandering of the aorta is considered to be the descending aorta with a right thoracotomy. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful after the stent graft was placed. No complications were detected with postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TEVAR can be performed by approaching the descending aorta from a right thoracotomy, if variations of vascular anatomy interfere with the more commonly used femoral artery approach.
Method Related Attributes and Contraceptive Discontinuation: Results from A Prospective Study from Nairobi and Homa Bay Counties in Kenya.
Authors: Wado Yohannes Dibaba , Mutua Martin K. , Odwe George , Obare Francis , Machiyama Kazuyo , Casterline John B. , Cleland John 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Rates of contraceptive discontinuation are high in many low and middle countries contributing to unmet need for contraception and other adverse reproductive health outcomes. Few studies have investigated how method specific beliefs and strength of fertility preferences affect discontinuation rates. This study examines this question using primary data collected in Nairobi and Homa Bay counties in Kenya.Methods: We used data from two rounds of a longitudinal study of married women ages 15-39 years (2812 and 2424 women from Nairobi and Homa Bay respectively at round 1) from two communities in Kenya. Information on fertility preferences, past and current contraceptive behavior, and method-related beliefs about six modern contraceptive methods were collected, along with a monthly calendar of contraceptive use between the two interviews. The analysis focused on discontinuation of the two most commonly used methods in both sites, injectable and implants. We carry out competing risk survival analysis to identify which method related beliefs predict discontinuation among women using at the first round. Results: The percentages of episodes discontinued in the 12 months between the two rounds was 36%, with a higher rate of discontinuation in Homa Bay (43%) than in the Nairobi slums (32%) and higher for injectables than implants. Method related concerns and beliefs were the major self-reported reasons for discontinuation in both sites. The competing risk survival analysis showed that the probability of method related discontinuation of implants and injectables was significantly lower among respondents who believed that the methods do not cause serious health problems (SHR=0.78, 95% CI 0.62-0.98), do not interfere with regular menses (SHR=0.76, 95% CI 0.61 - 0.95) and do not cause unpleasant side effects (SHR=0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.89). By contrast, there were no net effects of three method related beliefs that are commonly cited as obstacles to contraceptive use in African societies: safety for long-term use, ability to have children after stopping the method, and the approval of the husband.Conclusion: This study is unique in its examination of the effect of method specific beliefs on subsequent discontinuation for a method-related reason, using a longitudinal design. The single most important result is that concerns about serious health problems, which are largely unjustified and only moderately associated with beliefs about side effects, are a significant influence on discontinuation. The negative results for other beliefs show that the determinants of discontinuation differ from the determinants of method adoption and method choice.
Elevated STIL predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song Huangqin , Zhao Haichao , Chen Changzhou , Zhang Donglin , Wang Xiaoxiao , he jiefeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Overexpression of STIL centriolar assembly protein (STIL) has been observed in a variety of cancers. However, the functional significance of STIL in hepatocellular carcinoma remains unknow.
Results

STIL expression were abnormal in HCC tissues, and HCC patients with increased STIL expression had poor prognosis. In addition, increased STIL expression was correlated with T stage, pathologic stage, histologic grade, AFP, age, tumor status. STIL was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in HCC patients, as verified with a nomogram based on a Cox regression model. STIL was involved in HCC progression by modulating the cell cycle, DNA replication, oocyte meiosis, etc. Correlation analysis indicated TUBG1 mRNA expression was correlated with immune infiltrates.
Conclusion

STIL plays a vital role in HCC progression and prognosis; it may, therefore, serve as an effective biomarker for the prediction of patient survival.
Experimental Study on Single Factor, Orthogonal and Characteristics of SRB Particles Fixed by Biologically Activated Lignite
Authors: Di Junzhen , Jiang Yangyang , Wang Mingjia , Dong Yanrong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of insufficient supply of carbon source and toxic effect of heavy metal ions in the treatment of acid mine wastewater (AMD) by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), immobilized particles were prepared with Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, SRB and lignite as the main raw materials, and the optimal ratio of immobilized particles was determined based on single factor test and orthogonal test. The adsorption experiment of immobilized particles was carried out under the optimal ratio, the reaction kinetic process and adsorption capacity of immobilized particles for different ions were analyzed, and the action mechanism was studied. The results show that lignite not only has good adsorption performance, but also can be used as the carbon source of SRB after degradation by Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, so as to solve the problems of low removal efficiency of AMD by SRB and insufficient supply of carbon source. When the dosage of lignite, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and SRB is 3%, 10% and 10% respectively, and the particle size of lignite is 200 mesh, the overall treatment effect is the best. The removal rates of SO42-, Zn2+ and Cu2+ are 83.21%, 99.59% and 99.93% respectively, the pH is increased to 7.43, the release of COD is 523 mg/L, and the ORP number is -134 mV. The reduction process of SO42- by immobilized particles conforms to the pseudo first-order kinetics, the isothermal adsorption of Zn2+ more conforms to the Freundlich isothermal adsorption equation, and the adsorption kinetics of Zn2+ more conforms to the pseudo second-order kinetic model.
Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma and Mortality Risk
Authors: Kim So Jeong , Kang Hye-Rin , Lee Chun Geun , Choi Seung Ho , Kim Yeon Wook , Lee Hyun Woo , Lee Chang-Hoon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Surgical resection is recommended in all patients with pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP). However, no comparative study has demonstrated that surgical resection leads to improved outcomes. We aimed to compare all-cause mortality between patients with PSP who underwent surgery or did not and those without PSP.Methods: Participants aged ≥18 years who had pathologically diagnosed PSP between 2001 to 2018, at 3 hospitals were included. Randomly selected (up to 1:5) age-, sex-, and smoking status-matched controls were included. Mortality was compared using Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Literature review of studies reporting PSP was also conducted.Results: This study included 107 patients with PSP (surgery:non-surgery, 80:27) and 520 matched controls. There were no cases of lymph node or distant metastasis, recurrence, or mortality from PSP. No significant difference in all-cause mortality risk was observed between the PSP surgery, PSP non-surgery, and non-PSP groups (log rank test P=0.78) (PSP surgery vs. non-PSP: adjusted hazards ratio [aHR], 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-14.6; PSP non-surgery vs. non-PSP: aHR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.15-3.86; PSP surgery vs. PSP non-surgery: aHR, 2.35; 95% CI, 0.20-28.2). In the literature review, we identified 3,469 patients with PSP from 355 studies. Only 1.33% of these patients reported metastasis, recurrence, or death.Conclusion: All-cause mortality did not differ between patients with PSP and those without, irrespective of undergoing surgery. Our study and the literature review suggest that PSP has less impact on increased mortality risk.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels Among Non-Diabetic Children With Sickle Cell Anemia At Muhimbili National Hospital. A Case For Establishing Normal Values
Authors: Mugyabuso Nancy M , Muze Kandi , Manji Karim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundImprovement in the management of children with SCA, has led to increase in their lifespan. However, the increased lifespan, has been accompanied with emergence of various endocrinopathies such as Diabetes mellitus (DM).Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels have been found to be lower in children with SCA compared to children without SCA in various studies. This can lead to missed children with DM hence delaying their treatment. There is a need to establish normal ranges of HbA1c levels corresponding to children with SCA.ObjectiveTo determine normal range of HbA1c levels among non-diabetic children with SCA attending clinics at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar-es-salaamMethodologyThis was a hospital-based cross sectional study conducted at Paediatric clinics in Muhimbili National Hospital involving children from 9 months to 14 years. The study was approved by Institutional review Board of MUHAS. A written informed consent was obtained.120 children with SCA and 40 children without SCA were recruited. Data was reported as median and IQR or as mean ± standard deviation. Chi-square was used for categorical data while independent t-test and Mann Whitney test were used for continuous data. ResultsThe reference range of HbA1c levels in children with SCA was from 3.4% to 5.2%. Median HbA1c level in children with SCA was 4.2% with IQR of (4.1% - 4.6%) while for children without SCA median HbA1c levels was 5.3% with IQR of (4.9% - 5.5%). The median HbA1c level was significantly lower in children with SCA than children without SCA.Conclusion and RecommendationThe reference range of HbA1c levels in children with SCA was from 3.4% to 5.2%. Children with SCA had lower levels of HbA1c compared to children without SCA. Health personnel are advised to use HbA1c reference ranges obtained from this study when screening for Diabetes mellitus in children with SCA.
Clinical Classifiers to Identify Ascending Aortic Dilatation in Patients With Bicuspid Versus Tricuspid Aortic Valves
Authors: Gaye Bamba , Vignac Maxime , Gådin Jesper R. , Ladouceur Magalie , Caidahl Kenneth , Olsson Christian , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Eriksson Per , Björck Hanna M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to develop clinical classifiers to identify prevalent ascending aortic dilatation in patients with BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). Methods: This study included BAV (n=543) and TAV (n=491) patients with aortic valve disease and/or ascending aortic dilatation but devoid of coronary artery disease undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. We applied machine learning algorithms and classic logistic regression models, using multiple variable selection methodologies to identify predictors of high risk of ascending aortic dilatation (ascending aorta with a diameter above 40 mm). Analyses included comprehensive multidimensional data (i.e., valve morphology, clinical data, family history of cardiovascular diseases, prevalent diseases, demographic, lifestyle and medication). Results: BAV patients were younger (60.4±12.4 years) than TAV patients (70.4±9.1 years), and had a higher frequency of aortic dilatation (45.3% vs. 28.9% for BAV and TAV, respectively. P<0.001). The aneurysm prediction models showed mean AUC values above 0.8 for TAV patients, with the absence of aortic stenosis being the main predictor, followed by diabetes and high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein. Using the same clinical measures in BAV patients our prediction model resulted in AUC values between 0.5-0.55, not useful for prediction of aortic dilatation. The classification results were consistent for all machine learning algorithms and classic logistic regression models. Conclusions: Cardiovascular risk profiles appear to be more predictive of aortopathy in TAV patients than in patients with BAV. This adds evidence to the fact that BAV- and TAV-associated aortopathy involve different pathways to aneurysm formation and highlights the need for specific aneurysm preventions in these patients. Further, our results highlight that machine learning approaches do not outperform classical prediction methods in addressing complex interactions and non-linear relations between variables.
Integrating Depth of Invasion in T Classification Improves the Prognostic Performance of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: wang xueying , cao kui , guo erliang , mao xionghui , an changming , guo lunhua , zhang cong , yang xiangguang , sun ji , yang weiwei , li xiaomei , Miao Susheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: It has been recognized that depth of invasion (DOI) is closely associated with patient survival for all types of cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal threshold and prognostic value in laryngeal squamous carcinoma (LSCC). Most importantly, we evaluated the prognostic performance of five candidate modified T-classification models in patients with LSCC. Methods: LSCC patients from Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital were divided into training group (n=412) and validation group (n=147). The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS), and the effect of DOI on prognosis was analyzed using a multivariable regression model. We identified the optimal model based on its simplicity, goodness of fit and Harrell's consistency index. Further independent testing was performed on the external validation queue. The nomograms was constructed to predict an individual's OS rate at one, three, and five years.Results: In multivariate analysis, we found significant associations between DOI and OS (Depth of Medium-risk invasion HR, 2.631; P <0.001. Depth of high-risk invasion: HR, 5.287; P <0.001) and RFS(Depth of high-risk invasion: HR, 1.937; P =0.016). Model 5 outperformed the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system based on a low Akaike information criterion score, improvement in the concordance index, and Kaplan-Meier curves.Conclusions: Inclusion of DOI in the current AJCC staging system can improve the differentiation of T classification in LSCC patients.
Sarcopenia and Associated Factors According to the EWGSOP2 Criteria in Older People Living in Nursing Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Escribà-Salvans Anna , Jerez-Roig Javier , Molas-Tuneu Miriam , Farrés-Godayol Pau , Moreno-Martin Pau , Goutan-Roura Ester , Güell-Masramon Helena , Amblàs-Novellas Jordi , de Souza Dyego Leandro Bezerra , Skelton Dawn A , Torres-Moreno Miriam , Minobes-Molina Eduard 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: In 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) updated the original definition of sarcopenia, establishing new criteria to be used globally. To our knowledge, this is the first study considering it for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in older people living in Nursing Homes.Aim: Verify the prevalence and the degree of severity of sarcopenia according to the new EWSGOP2 criteria and to analyse its associated factors in residents living in nursing homes from Central Catalonia (Spain).Design: A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in 4 nursing homes. SARC-F test was applied as the initial screening, muscle strength was measured by a dynamometer, skeletal muscle mass by bioimpedance analysis and physical performance by Gait Speed. Four categories were used: total probable sarcopenia, probable sarcopenia, confirmed sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia.Results: Among the total sample of 104 nursing home residents (mean age 84.6, ± 7.8), and 84.6% women), 85 (81.7%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.0-88.0) had total probable sarcopenia, 63 (60.5%) had probable sarcopenia, 19 (18.3%) confirmed sarcopenia and 7 (6.7%) severe sarcopenia. In the bivariate analysis, obesity was negatively associated and total time in sedentary behavior positively associated with all sarcopenia categories. In addition, malnutrition was positively associated with total and probable sarcopenia. Urinary incontinence was a positive associated factor of total and probable sarcopenia. In the multivariate analysis, obesity represented a negative associate factor: OR=0.13 (0.03 - 0.57), p=0.007 and OR=0.14 (0.03 - 0.60), p=0.008 with total and probable sarcopenia, respectively, adjusted by urinary incontinence. For confirmed sarcopenia, obesity also represented a negative associate factor OR=0.06 (0.01 - 0.99), p=0.049 and the total time in sedentary behavior a positive associate factor OR=1.10 (1.00- 1.20), p=0.040. Conclusions: According the EWGSOP2 criteria, high prevalence of sarcopenia was found in institutionalized older people, ranging from 6.7% to 81.7% depending on the category. Malnutrition, urinary incontinence and total time in sedentary behavior were associated with sarcopenia whilst obesity represented a protective factor in this population.
Robot-Assisted versus Open Pancreatoduodenectomy: Identifying Perioperative Anesthetic Factors associated with Postoperative Morbidity. A retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Enden Antoon van den , Vereen Maya , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Klimek Markus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRobot-assisted pancreatoduodenectomy (RAPD) poses several challenges concerning perioperative anesthetic guidance compared to open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD), e.g. combined pneumoperiotoneum with reversed-Trendelenburg positioning. The primary objective of this observational study is to specify these anesthetic differences of RAPD versus OPD and secondly to identify independent anesthetic factors associated with patient morbidity following RAPD.MethodsAll consecutive patients who underwent either RAPD or OPD between 2017 and 2018 were included for analysis. Patient records were screened for intraoperative vasopressor and fluid administration as well as for results of perioperative arterial blood gas analysis. Variables were compared for the groups RAPD versus OPD, major morbidity following RAPD versus non-major morbidity following RAPD (resp. Clavien-Dindo score ≥ III vs. < III) and high versus low intraoperative blood loss during RAPD. Perioperative factors associated with major postoperative morbidity (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III ) were identified using a logistic regression model.ResultsN=64 RAPD and n=62 OPD patients were included for retrospective analysis. RAPD was associated with higher administration of intraoperative norepinephrine (9.5% of operative time vs. 0% in OPD, p=0.005) and a higher net intraoperative fluid balance (2497.6 vs. 1572.3 ml, p<0.001). During OPD, patients received more frequent and higher doses of colloid fluids compared to RAPD (79.0% vs. 51.6%, p<0.001, median 1000.0 vs. 500.0 ml, p<0.001). Colloid administration during surgery and hyperlactatemia 12 hours postoperatively were associated with major morbidity after RAPD (OR 5.06, 95% CI 1.49-17.20, p=0.009 and OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.01-9.91, p=0.047, respectively).ConclusionsRAPD is a challenging procedure for the anesthesiologist, e.g. considering a higher demand for vasopressors. Inotropic/vasopressor administration as well as the intraoperative fluid balance are associated with (major) morbidity following RAPD. However, it remains unclear whether and in which direction a causal relationship exists.Trial registration: Not applicable.