bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in porphyrin’s conjugation based on synthetic and post-synthetic modifications
Authors: Urbańska Karolina , Farinone Marco , Pawlicki Miłosz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPorphyrins or more broadly defined porphyrinoids are the structures where the extendedπ-cloud can be significantly modified by several factors. The broad range of introduced structural motifs has shown a possibility of modification of conjugation by a controlled synthetic approach, leading to expected optical or magnetic behaviour, and also by post-synthetic modifications (i.e. redox or protonation/deprotonation), Both approaches lead to noticeab changes in observed properties but also open a potential for further utilization. Thus, this already constituted big family of macrocyclic structures with specific highly extendedπ-delocalization shows a significant contribution in several fields from fundamental studies, leading to understanding behaviour of skeletons like that with a substantial influence on biological studies and material science. The presented material focuses on the most significant examples of modifications of porphyrinoids skeleton leading to drastic changes in optical response and magnetic properties. Through the presentation, the focus will be placed on the changes leading to the most red-shifted transition as the parameter indicating extending theπ-delocalization. Significantly different magnetic character will be also discussed based on the switching between aromatic/antiaromatic character assigned to macrocyclic structures that will be included.
Gas phase synthesis of 4d transition metal carbonyl complexes with thermalized fission fragments in single-atom reactions
Authors: Götz Michael , Götz Stefan , Kratz Jens-Volker , Ballof Jochen , Düllmann Christoph E. , Eberhardt Klaus , Mokry Christoph , Renisch Dennis , Runke Jörg , Sato Tetsuya K. , Thörle-Pospiech Petra , Trautmann Norbert , Yakushev Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The formation of carbonyl complexes using atom-at-a-time quantities of short-lived transition metals from fusion and fission reactions was reported in 2012. Numerous studies focussing on this chemical system, which is also applicable for the superheavy elements followed. We report on a novel two-chamber approach for the synthesis of such complexes that allows spatial decoupling of thermalization and gas-phase carbonyl complex synthesis. Neutron induced fission on 235U and spontaneous fission of 248Cm were employed for the production of the fission products. These were stopped inside a gas volume behind the target and flushed with an inert-gas flow into a second chamber. This was flushed with carbon monoxide to allow the gas-phase synthesis of carbonyl complexes. Parameter studies of the transfer from the first into the second chamber as well as on the carbonyl complex formation and transport processes have been performed. High overall efficiencies of more than 50% were reached rendering this approach interesting for studies of superheavy elements. Our results show that carbonyl complex formation of thermalized fission products is a single-atom reaction, and not a hot-atom reaction.
Climate beast: a potential threat for repercussions of disease status in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Mahwish , Farhat Syeda Mehpara , Saeed Rida Fatima , Amraiz Deeba , Mehmood Sabba , Akbar Samina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pakistan is amongst the developing countries, which have been strongly affected by several emerging and re-emerging disease outbreaks as a consequence of climate change. Various studies have clearly demonstrated the impact of climate change on human health in Pakistan. This has increased the rate of morbidity and mortality, related not only to vector-borne, water-borne and food-borne diseases but has also contributed to the prevalence of neurological, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. It is therefore important to take adequate measurements for water management and improve sanitary conditions especially in case of natural disasters. In order to effectively control the emerging and re-emerging infections in the country, an early, more Rigorous response is required, by the national health department, to monitor and evaluate the spread of infections in future. Therefore, precise planning and management strategies should be defined in order to circumvent the damage caused by the natural disasters associated with climate changes. This mini-review gives an overview about the public health issues associated with environmental change with special reference to Pakistan. This will provide a baseline for policymakers to develop public health surveillance programs in Pakistan.
Exposure to cadmium and head and neck cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Rezapour Maysam , Rezapour Habib Allah , Chegeni Maryam , Khanjani Narges 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant. A number of observational studies have reported that Cd might be a cause of nasopharyngeal (NPC), pharyngeal (PC), or laryngeal cancers (LC). In this study evidence about the relation of Cd and NPC, PC, and LC has been summarized. A literature review was conducted until 20 June 2020 in PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar databases to investigate the epidemiologic evidence for the relation between cadmium exposure and cancers of the nasopharynx, pharynx, and larynx. Ten articles were selected after careful screening of retrieved studies. All of these studies obtained a Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality score from 6 to 8. Due to high heterogeneity, in all analyses, random effect was used. The pooled results showed that cadmium levels in NPC (standard mean difference (SMD=0.55; 95% CI=0.20, 0.89; p=0.002) and PC (SMD=9.79; 95% CI=0.62, 18.96; p=0.036) patients/tissues were significantly higher than their controls. But cadmium levels were not significantly different between LC cases/tissues and their controls. (SMD=−0.05; 95% CI=−0.99, 0.89; p=0.921). Exposure to cadmium is likely to cause nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal cancer.
Mitigating the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emergency stroke care: an original study and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jian , Hong Ye , Ma Mengmeng , Zhou Muke , Guo Jian , Chen Ning , Fang Jinghuan , Liu Wanping , Zhang Yang , Chen Lizhang , Hao Nanya , Wang Yi , Zhou Dong , He Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 is still continuing and may affect stroke emergency care. We aim to investigate the impact of pandemic on stroke treatment in tertiary stroke centers in western China, and to quantitatively evaluate the worldwide influence with a meta-analysis. The original part was conducted in three tertiary stroke centers in Sichuan province. We compared emergency visits and efficiency of stroke treatment pre-, early, peak and late pandemic. Single-center analysis was further conducted in the largest local hospital and one hospital located close to the epicenter respectively. Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Ovid Embase and Cochrane Library for English publications from December 2019 to July 2020 for systematic review. Fixed-and random-effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate the overall rates. Totally current original study showed fewer time of hospital admission and significantly higher rates of mechanical thrombectomy during the early and peak epidemic periods, compared with pre-epidemic time. The largest local hospital had significantly higher mechanical thrombectomy rates during the whole crisis and less daily admission during early and peak epidemic periods. The hospital located close to the epicenter presented higher proportions of intravenous thrombolysis since outbreak, and more favorable outcomes after reperfusion therapies than later (all P values <0.05). In meta-analysis, studies reported differences in reperfusion therapies and stroke severity but pooled results were non-significant. Overall, comprehensive measures should be implemented to keep hospital’s capacity to deliver high-quality stroke emergency care during the global pandemic. Some key messages were provided for medical practice in the crisis.
The cellular mechanism by which the rostral ventromedial medulla acts on the spinal cord during chronic pain
Authors: WeiWei Yu , WenDi Fei , Mengru Cui , Tuo Yang , Chen Gang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Clinical therapies for chronic pain are limited. While targeted drugs are promising therapies for chronic pain, they exhibit insufficient efficacy and poor targeting. The occurrence of chronic pain partly results from central changes caused by alterations in neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in the brainstem regulatory pathway. The RVM, which plays a key role in the descending pain control pathway, greatly contributes to the development and maintenance of pain. However, the exact roles of the RVM in chronic pain remain unclear, making it difficult to develop new drugs targeting the RVM and related pathways. Here, we first discuss the roles of the RVM and related circuits in chronic pain. Then, we analyze synaptic transmission between RVM neurons and spinal cord neurons, specifically focusing on the release of neurotransmitters, to explore the cellular mechanisms by which the RVM regulates chronic pain. Finally, we propose some ideas for the development of drugs targeting the RVM.
An Empirical Bayes approach for the identification of long-range chromosomal interaction from Hi-C data
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xu Zheng , Lai Yutong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hi-C experiments have become very popular for studying the 3D genome structure in recent years. Identification of long-range chromosomal interaction, i.e., peak detection, is crucial for Hi-C data analysis. But it remains a challenging task due to the inherent high dimensionality, sparsity and the over-dispersion of the Hi-C count data matrix. We propose EBHiC, an empirical Bayes approach for peak detection from Hi-C data. The proposed framework provides flexible over-dispersion modeling by explicitly including the “true” interaction intensities as latent variables. To implement the proposed peak identification method (via the empirical Bayes test), we estimate the overall distributions of the observed counts semiparametrically using a Smoothed Expectation Maximization algorithm, and the empirical null based on the zero assumption. We conducted extensive simulations to validate and evaluate the performance of our proposed approach and applied it to real datasets. Our results suggest that EBHiC can identify better peaks in terms of accuracy, biological interpretability, and the consistency across biological replicates. The source code is available on Github (https://github.com/QiZhangStat/EBHiC).
Auswertung und Visualisierung von Daten komplexer Sensorsysteme zur Bestimmung von Geruchsstoffen in wässrigen Lösungen
Authors: Penzel Stefanie , Cämmerer Malcolm , Borsdorf Helko , Rudolph Mathias 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Für die Detektion von Geruchsmustern in wässrigen Lösungen wurde die Ionenmobilitätsspektromtrie mit einem

NH

3

{\mathrm{NH}_{3}}

- und einem H2S-Sensor kombiniert. Die leicht- und mittelflüchtigen geruchsaktiven Substanzen wurden mittels eines Nebulisers in die Gasphase überführt. Die Auswertung der Ionenmobilitätsspektren erfolgte mit einer Analyse der Peaks durch überwachte Klassifikation. Dabei wurden die einzelnen Peaks einer reinen Lösung durch Berechnung der stoffspezifischen Ionenmobilitätskonstante (

K

0

{K_{0}}

-Wert) klassifiziert. Die entsprechenden Klassen wurden in einer Datenbank gespeichert. Durch die Berechnung der

K

0

{K_{0}}

-Werte unbekannter Peaks und deren Abgleich mit der Datenbank wurde eine Aussage über das Vorhandensein eines Fremdstoffes angegeben. Für die Auswertung der

NH

3

{\mathrm{NH}_{3}}

- und H2S-Daten wurden die Signalverläufe mit einer Funktion modelliert. Die beschreibenden Parameter dieser Funktion dienen zur Erstellung einer Regressionsgeraden in Abhängigkeit der Konzentrationen der Proben. Durch die mathematische Beschreibung der Kurvenverläufe konnte der Einfluss der Feuchtigkeitsausschläge und die benötigten Messdauer reduziert werden. Mit Hilfe der parametrisierten Funktion können die Signalverläufe von unbekannten Messdaten modelliert und mit den Regressionsgeraden die jeweiligen Konzentrationen bestimmt werden. Gesamtergebnis der Arbeit ist eine Software, in welcher die Messdaten der Sensorsysteme eingelesen und ausgewertet sowie die entsprechenden Ergebnisse in visueller Form dargestellt werden können. Zusammenfassend konnte mit der mathematischen Implementierung ein Programm realisiert werden, welches eine automatisierte Aussage über das Vorkommen von Fremdstoffen in wässrigen Lösungen generiert.
The use of the text-function in Video Relay Service calls
Authors: Warnicke Camilla , Plejert Charlotta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objective of the current study is to investigate whether and how the text-function offered in the Video Relay Service (VRS) is used and to demonstrate how its use affects the interaction of participants within this setting. The VRS facilitates calls between a person using signed language via a videophone and a person who is speaking via a telephone. An interpreter handles the calls and simultaneously interprets between the users and has direct contact with both users. All participants are physically separated from each other. The data consist of 12 recordings from the regular VRS in Sweden and the method used is Conversation Analysis. The findings show that typed text is used to: 1) conduct a repair; 2) pre-empt problems; 3) recycle text; and 4) overcome language differences.
Rhetorical moves in political discourse: closing statements by presidential candidates in US primary election debates
Authors: Schubert Christoph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPresidential primary debates in the USA are commonly concluded by brief closing statements, in which the competitors outline the central messages of their election campaigns. These statements constitute a subgenre characterized by a set of recurring rhetorical moves, which are defined as functional units geared towards the respective communicative objective, in this case political persuasion. Located at the interface of rhetorical move analysis and political discourse studies, this paper demonstrates that moves and embedded steps in closing statements fulfill the persuasive function of legitimizing the respective candidate as the most preferable presidential successor. The study is based on the transcripts of 98 closing statements, which were extracted from eight Democratic and eleven Republican primary debates held between August 2015 and April 2016. Typical moves, such as projecting the speaker’s future political agenda or diagnosing the current situation in America, are presented with the help of illustrative examples, frequencies of occurrence, and a sample analysis of a complete closing statement.
Multimodal persuasive strategies in product pitches
Authors: Valeiras-Jurado Julia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The product pitch is a widespread genre within business communication and is used to introduce a product in the market. Product pitches are meant to convince an audience of the value of the product they introduce. Because they are subjected to strict time constraints, these presentations need to be particularly effective in their persuasive efforts, and speakers need to make the best use of all the semiotic resources they have at their disposal to efficiently convey their message. Researchers and practitioners with first-hand experience in this genre agree that it is inherently persuasive and multimodal. However, little is known about the complex interplay established between the different semiotic modes that are at stake in a product pitch, and about the potential effect that these multimodal ensembles have on persuasion. This study analyses a corpus of product pitches using a combination of computer assisted multimodal discourse analysis and ethnographic observations and interviews to probe into the use of multimodal persuasive strategies in these presentations. The findings show how speakers highlight the unique selling points of their products and present them as the best solution to a problem, resorting to a series of persuasive strategies (e.g. attention getting, evaluation) that are realised through carefully orchestrated multimodal ensembles.
How do applied linguistics researchers structure coherence relations in the process of establishing a niche for their research?
Authors: Kawase Tomoyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study is an extension of previous research on how writers of research articles (RAs) structure their texts to be coherent in the process of achieving communicative purposes of the RA genre. It examines how RA writers relate sentences in establishing a niche for their studies in the introduction section. Genre analysis methods and Rhetorical Structure Theory are used to analyse 40 applied linguistics RA introductions. The findings show that the RA writers who establish a niche by indicating a gap in previous research tend to use a concessive or contrastive relation to relate the gap statements to the descriptions of previous studies. The writers who establish a niche by indicating how their studies would extend previous research in the field tend to use a background relation to claim a niche based on the specific studies. The writers who indicate a real world problem for the niche establishment tend to use a background relation to reveal a niche based on contextual information surrounding the problem. Possible reasons for the selection of the relations are discussed in terms of the influence of the nature of the RA genre and/or the applied linguistics discipline.
Inverse scattering method for the Kundu-Eckhaus equation with zero/nonzero boundary conditions
Authors: Wang Guixian , Wang Xiu-Bin , Han Bo , Xue Qi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the inverse scattering approach is applied to the Kundu-Eckhaus equation with two cases of zero boundary condition (ZBC) and nonzero boundary conditions (NZBCs) at infinity. Firstly, we obtain the exact formulae of soliton solutions of three cases of N simple poles, one higher-order pole and multiple higher-order poles via the associated Riemann-Hilbert problem (RHP). Moreover, given the initial data that allow for the presence of discrete spectrum, the higher-order rogue waves of the equation are presented. For the case of NZBCs, we can construct the infinite order rogue waves through developing a suitable RHP. Finally, by choosing different parameters, we aim to show some prominent characteristics of this solution and express them graphically in detail. Our results should be helpful to further explore and enrich the related nonlinear wave phenomena.
Halo-phenolic metabolites and their in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities from the Red Sea alga Avrainvillea amadelpha
Authors: Hawas Usama W. , Abou El-Kassem Lamia T. , Al-farawati Radwan , Shaher Fekri M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
From the green alga Avrainvillea amadelpha, two new naturally halo-benzaldehyde derivatives were isolated by various chromatographic methods along with 10 known metabolites of bromophenols, sulfonoglycolipid, and steroids. Based on the 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as on MS data, the structures of the new compounds were identified as 5-bromo-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde named avrainvilleal (1), and 3-iodo-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (2). Using SRB assay, both compounds showed mild and weak cytotoxic activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, compared to the good activity of their extract (IC50 values 3.1 and 4.3 μg/mL, respectively). However, avrainvilleal (1) displayed an effective scavenged DPPH radical activity with IC50 value 3.5 μM, compared to the antioxidant quercetin with IC50 value 1.5 μM.
Síndrome de Desgaste Profesional (SDP) en una institución del sector salud
Authors: Casique Guerrero Alicia , López Chanez Francisco Javier 
Published: February 2021

La investigación que da origen al presente artículo es descriptiva y comparativa, y su principal propósito fue determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Desgaste Profesional (SDP) en una población integrada por 120 médicos que prestan sus servicios en una clínica-hospital particular Pyme del estado de Guanajuato. El instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario del Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), adaptado al español por Seisdedos (1997), el cual considera los factores: cansancio emocional (CE), despersonalización (DP) y realización personal (RP). El proceso de la información se basó en estadística descriptiva, coeficientes de correlación y pruebas de significancia, calculados a través del Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versión 15 para Windows. Los resultados permitieron hallar relaciones entre el nivel de prevalencia del SDP y las variables: género, edad, estado civil, años de servicio, número de empleos y la cantidad de horas trabajadas.
La lactancia materna y el sincero motivo de su negación por parte de las madres
Authors: Romero Martín Sergio Alberto , García Hernández Edgar Manuel , Góngora Ortega Javier 
Published: February 2021

La lactancia materna, a pesar de su importancia, se otorga en una baja proporción. Este trabajo trata de conocer el motivo por el cual las madres atendidas en cuatro hospitales generales del estado de Aguascalientes niegan la lactancia materna a sus hijos. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, identificando a las madres que acuden a consulta del niño sano que no lactaban, se aplicó una primera encuesta, se seleccionaron participantes a quienes se les realizó una entrevista a profundidad en sus domicilios. Se encuestaron 25 mujeres, las tres razones más frecuentes para no iniciar o suspender la lactancia eran: deformación de los senos, la glándula mamaría se torna flácida y el miedo de dejar de gustar a sus parejas. Se codificaron tres factores relevantes: estética, pareja y factores sociales. Hay implicaciones psicosociales que deben tomarse en cuenta en las capacitaciones, políticas de salud o acciones comunitarias.
Curvilinear Coordinate System Used To Solve Tritium Dispersion In Complex Orographies.
Authors: Meneghetti André , Bodmann Bardo Ernst Josef , Vilhena Marco Tullio Menna De 
Published: February 2021

In this contribution we present progress on research concerning dispersion of tritium around the Angra Nuclear Power Plant (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil). In particular, we are interested in studying how dispersion behaves in scenarios with complex orography. Our proposal is to transform a problem with curvilinear boundaries into an equivalent problem with plane parallel boundaries. We modify the coordinate system through a diffeomorph conformal transformation. Consequently, the operators of the dynamical equations change according to the additional terms from the affine connection. To define the transformation it is necessary to satisfy strong constraints, i.e., boundaries shall be “smooth”. Even with restrictions, our model can be implemented in several situations. A flat region is a particular case of a curvilinear domain and can be studied, where the height of the boundary layer above rivers, lakes, basins is typically smaller and thus implies a varying boundary layer height, for example. Thus, even in flat regions variations in the boundary layer occur, which characterizes a case of a curvilinear domain. There are several nuclear power plants worldwide, that are located in mountainous regions, as for example in Japan and Brazil.We present a simulation of tritium dispersion specifically in the area where the Angra 2 Nuclear Power Plant is located and where the relief is characterized by a considerable complexity. With the intention of showing that the methodology is consistent, we will consider only the variation of the relief.