bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scientometric Review of Student Housing Research Trends
Authors: Simpeh Fredrick , Akinlolu Mariam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a scientometric review of student housing studies; exploring the key authors and the collaborations among authors and countries, as well as the research trends with the aim of identifying gaps in this area of research where more studies is required. The VOSviewer software (version 1.6.13) was used for a Scientometrics review of 65 student housing publications from 2000 to 2020. The analysis focused on bibliographic coupling of countries, co-authorship of authors, citation of documents, and co-occurrence of keywords, which were further presented as network visualization maps. Scopus database was selected as the only data source. Therefore, the representation of publications presented in this study are limited to only one data source. The findings revealed that there is a satisfactory level of international collaboration in this research area. United Kingdom had the strongest link whilst Saudi Arabia had the weakest link. Both the keywords and documents citation analysis revealed three main trend of student housing research, i.e. residential satisfaction, post occupancy evaluation, and studentification. Gaps identified where more research is required include sustainable student housing, student housing safety and prioritisation of student’s requirement. This study provides invaluable information on the research trends in student housing studies. Thus, helping to identify gaps where more research is required.
Making course evaluation exercises count—a reprise
Authors: Babatunde O K , Mashigo A S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper builds on an earlier conference presentation at the West-East Institute, Harvard University in 2019. Following further critical dialogue on mass experimental online learning influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, the now two authors sought to answer the question of how can educators make course evaluation exercises count? The objective was to assess the viability of reflective journaling as an alternative form of course evaluation. Consequently, the authors used a mixed-method approach to, firstly, analyze ordinal data collected from seventy-one (71) postgraduate engineering candidates (89% response rate) on their attitudes towards learning. Secondly, the authors analyzed the textual data on the candidates’ self- and educator-led initiatives to enrich their learning experiences. The findings revealed a paradox—the candidates hope to have gained in-depth knowledge at the end of their courses (topmost-ranked: mean = 4.704 and SD = 0.700) but do not attend most classes with questions in mind that they want to be answered (bottom-ranked: mean = 3.451 and SD = 1.072). Analysis of the textual data showed face-to-face lecture/class attendance and the overall course design as the most common student-led and educator-led approach, respectively. Finally, the authors discuss the practical and theoretical implications considering the burgeoning online education.
A comparative analysis of student housing security measures
Authors: Adisa S , Simpeh F 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSecurity lapses have been identified as a problem in most on-campus Student Housing Facilities (SHFs) in South Africa. Thus, this paper investigates the security measures provided in the SHFs of two South African universities with the aim of identifying areas where improvements are required. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative survey approach. Qualitative data was collected from the university health, safety, and environment officers of both universities whilst the quantitative data was collected by means of questionnaire from the students. Descriptive (mean score) statistics was used to analyse the quantitative data whereas thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. The study found that the security measures provided in the SHFs of University B were better than those provided in the SHFs of university A. Although university B had a better provision, some lapses were identified such as inadequate Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) and absence of weapon detector. In addition to these two lapses identified in university B, university A had lapses in the provision of access control, security patrol, electronics coded locks on door, and security alarm in most of the residences. Thus, security lapses identified in both institutions were inadequate CCTV and absence of weapon detector. The study provides empirical information that can help the university health and safety officers and facility managers to improve the SHFs security measures.
The role of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) in enhancing performance within the construction industry
Authors: Keogh M , Smallwood J J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Construction continues to experience challenges in terms of a range of issues, namely an archaic process and activities, following procedures, data gathering and recording, monitoring, availability of skilled labour, and a declining interest in pursuing careers in the industry. Then, challenges are experienced in terms of performance relative to the project parameters of cost, environment, health and safety, productivity, quality, and time. Given the challenges and the advent of Industry 4.0, a study was conducted to determine the challenges experienced, performance relative to the project parameters, and the potential of Industry 4.0 to contribute to resolving the challenges. The study was quantitative in nature and entailed a self-administered questionnaire survey of medium to large general contractor members of the East Cape Master Builders Association (ECMBA) in the Port Elizabeth region. The findings include: respondents do understand Industry 4.0; a range of challenges, which negatively impact project and organisation performance, and the sustainability of organisations and the industry, are experienced in construction, and Industry 4.0 is perceived as having the potential to address the challenges experienced. Conclusions include that that there is: a need for improvement in performance in construction; potential to improve; a perceived need for the implementation of Industry 4.0, and a need for interventions to raise the level of awareness, and to integrate such technologies into built environment / construction education and training. Recommendations include: employer associations, professional associations, and statutory councils should raise the level of awareness relative to the potential implementation of Industry 4.0 in construction; case studies should be documented and the findings shared; tertiary built environment education programmes should integrate Industry 4.0 into all possible modules, and continuing professional development (CPD) should address Industry 4.0.
Analysis of risk occurrence in projects executed by small and medium sized contracting firms
Authors: Opawole Akintayo , Kajimo-Shakantu Kahilu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The performance of small and medium sized construction firms has attracted research attention in recent times because of the impact on sustainable economic growth. This study examined this category of firms as their performances in building project delivery are impacted by specific risk factors. The purpose is to provide empirical evidence that could enhance the choice of appropriate risk management approaches and improve the performance metrics of the projects executed by the firms. Primary data were obtained through a structured questionnaire targeted at 100 firms which is about 40% proportional sample of 245 registered small and medium contractors in Lagos state, Nigeria, as at 2016. A total of 53 questionnaires completed by; 17 engineers, 12 quantity surveyors, 10 architect, eight 8 builders and 2 project managers provided valid responses for the analysis. Quantitative data collected were analysed using mean ranking, factor analysis, and t-test. While the results show; mistakes, changes in scope of project, price fluctuation, importing and customs and security risk factors, as the most frequently occurring variables, they nonetheless indicate no significant difference in the ranking of the occurrence of the factors by the operators of both small and medium sized contracting firms. Although findings are limited to occurrence indices of the factors, risk impact models based on severity indices of the individual variables on project performance executed by this category of contractors can be developed based on the empirical findings. The study also highlights implications for risk assessment and choice of appropriate management techniques that could help in improving the performance metrics of the projects executed by small and medium sized category of contracting firms.
Assessment of management strategies for residual on-site related risk factors in educational institutional building projects
Authors: Adaralegbe O A , Opawole Akintayo , Kajimo-Shakantu Kahilu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The magnitude of variance between the projected and actual performance parameters could sometimes be very high, especially in projects which involve huge elements of risk. To avert this unfortunate experience, there is need for the adoption of efficient risk management strategy. This paper therefore presents the report of an investigation conducted on strategies adopted for managing site related risk factors which impact on the educational institutions’ building projects performance. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary and archival data from 52 building contracting organizations who were in involved in the tertiary education building projects in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 39 valid questionnaires received were used for the analysis. Data obtained were analyzed using iinferential and descriptive statistics. Expected monetary value, risk break-down model and human reliability assessment were identified to have higher efficiency for reducing project completion time overrun. Meanwhile, sensitivity analysis, risk break-down structure and brainstorming were found to provide better degree of effectiveness for curtailing cost overrun. Key lesson learnt from the study is that practitioners can gain profound insight into onsite related risk management strategies suitable for building projects. The relatively small sample adopted limits the generalization of the findings. Notwithstanding, the study highlights implications for design of formalized risk management strategies specific to site operations in building projects.
Cash flow management by contractors
Authors: Koopman K , Cumberlege R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on various cash flow management techniques selected and incorporated by contractors into their daily processes and the effects of poor cash flow management on their business. A quantitative research approach was used using a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to all contractors registered with the Master Builders Association within the Eastern Cape Province. Results revealed that majority of contractors successfully implement cash flow management techniques and are therefore able to meet their monthly obligations. Respondents further agreed that late payments are detrimental in terms of their cash flow causing project delays. Increased capital expenses and higher levels of competition in the construction industry market, force the construction companies to consent to an increased number of risks, effectively ensuring their vulnerability to negative impacts on their cash flow and inevitably exposure to unforeseen events that are innate in any construction project. The study was limited to the Eastern Cape region, therefore reducing the targeted population and number of responses. The study investigated the competency level of financial management by building contractors with reference to the implications caused by poor financial management on the contractual parties involved within a project. The aim of the study was to deduce the extent to which contractors in the Eastern Cape implemented effective cash flow management techniques to sustain their businesses. The study highlighted the link between factors negatively impacting cash flow and its subsequent cause of failing contractors within the construction industry. The paper responds to the conference theme given that the effective cash flow management by contractors within their own firms and pertaining to construction projects, promotes the sustainability of the Built Environment.
Measuring health and safety performance of construction projects in South Africa
Authors: Khoza JD , Haupt TC 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a client-driven H&S rating model to be used by construction clients to improve their overall project H&S performance. The attitude of clients towards H&S is critical in the overall H&S improvement effort on construction projects. This hypothesis was tested and verified using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM). Using the framework of factors from previous studies, a survey method was adopted for collecting data for this study. Contrary to the findings of the previous studies, the final CB-SEM results suggested that the contractual H&S arrangement is the only construct which has a direct effect on project H&S performance. Mediation hypothesis testing was performed, and results were that attitude and selection of contractors based on their historical health and safety performance have an indirect effect of project health and safety performance. The study was limited to a selection of projects for a range of clients executed by a major construction contracting organization. The study highlighted the urgent need to change the traditional mind-set that H&S is the responsibility of the construction contractors alone.
Factors Affecting Students’ Learning in Civil Engineering Measurement
Authors: Tunji-Olayeni P P F , Kajimo – Shakantu K , Ayodele T O , Emmanuela KZ 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the factors affecting students’ learning in civil engineering measurement, with a view to enhancing students learning experiences and outcomes. The methodology adopted for this research was quantitative with the use of questionnaires distributed to 30 civil engineering students in their 3rd year, studying at a Nigerian university. The measurement of items in the survey questionnaire was based on a 5 point Likert scale. The data from the survey were analysed using descriptive statistics such as percentages and mean scores. The data from the survey were also presented in the form of pie chart and table. Teaching style was found to be the most significant factor affecting students’ learning in civil engineering measurement. Other significant factors were factors that had to do with the nature of the course which included difficulty with understanding the measurement process, measurement calculations, standard method of measurement (SMM), taking off sheet and terminology and acronyms. The findings also provided additional evidence to support a conducive learning environment and the use of teaching aids in enhancing learners’ experiences. The study focused only on civil engineering students from one university in Nigeria. More empirical evidence of the factors affecting students’ learning in civil engineering measurement can be obtained by considering other universities within and outside Nigeria. The findings place great responsibility on lecturers to improve their teaching styles. Moreover, the use of sufficient examples during teaching, and the use of 3D drawings such as Revit would greatly enhance the learning experiences of students in civil engineering measurement.
Usage of Local Knowledge in International Project Management: Case Study of Regional Waste Management Centre in Subotica, Republic of Serbia
Authors: Pevač D Plazina , Trivunić M , D’Amico L , Jakšić Ž , Stoilović O 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInternational project management can largely depend on the initial parameters that international companies face when entering to new and unknown markets. Observing and using local knowledge in early stages of project development can minimize potential risks. This paper thus presents an example of the impact of perceiving or disregarding local knowledge during project implementation, as well as during the trial period of Regional Waste Management Centre (RWMC), executed by the international joint venture, in regards to the impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of the project cycle per Contractor. Through a causal loop diagram (CLD) the study shows that local knowledge should be an integral within the project implementation adding its success. This is mainly shown trough the parameters capability to enhance the reinforcing dominance of the system in a positive direction. By doing so a base of local knowledge can be formed whose inclusion or elimination from the project has direct influence of the overall success of said project. The data collected and analysed within this study, thus shows applicability to a new international project and serves as an inspiration for future project developments.
The impact of tree clusters on air circulation and pollutant diffusion-urban micro scale environmental simulation based on ENVI-met
Authors: Jing Lili , Liang Yuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For urban planners, trees play a role in improving landscape quality, but their impact on urban ventilation is often ignored. By using the three-dimensional microclimate model ENVI-met, this article simulates 14 situations with different variables, aims to re-examine the impact of vegetation cover on aerodynamic effect. The results show that trees have a resistance effect on air flow, Especially the ratio of tree spacing/canopy width related to the continuous vortex area have a significance impact on wind speed, which is needed to be considered in urban planning of vegetation layout. Moreover, the distinguished theories under both conditions whether there is buildings or not are analysed, inspiring the planners and researchers to consider the relationship and discrepancy between different scales.
Design of modular constructed wetland and its effect on rural domestic sewage treatment
Authors: Changsong Cong , Mingsen Wang , Li Jin , Ye Tian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
According to the characteristics of large amount and scattered discharge of domestic sewage in rural residential environment, a rural domestic sewage treatment system based on modular constructed wetland was designed. The wetland is composed of three modules with a treatment scale of 30 m3/d. The plants are Arundo donax and Typha, and three kinds of filter media are selected to fill the substrate. The treatment capacity and treatment effect of the modular constructed wetland were studied through experiments. The results showed that the modular constructed wetland had a good treatment effect on sewage, and the average removal rates of BOD5, COD, SS, NH3-N, TN and TP were 83.3%, 83.5%, 90.5%, 70%, 66.9% and 68.3%, respectively. The treated water quality can meet the first class standard of water pollutants discharge standard for rural domestic sewage treatment and disposal facilities (DB37/3693-2019) of Shandong Province. The modular constructed wetland can be used to treat rural scattered domestic sewage with strong applicability, flexibility and feasibility.
Study on pore network model of porous media hydrate permeability
Authors: Zhang Qingge 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Considering the influence of hydrate on fluid flow in porous media, the relationship between hydrate saturation and absolute permeability of porous media is studied by using pore network model. The absolute permeability of hydrate free porous media is calculated and the convergence is studied. The absolute permeability of hydrate bearing porous media is calculated, the phase equilibrium migration is studied, and the pore network model of hydrate porous media system is calculated. The results show that: (1)when the throat number in the pore network model is greater than 3000, the calculation result is relatively stable; (2)under the condition that the throat diameter follows the log-normal distribution, the permeability decreases faster with the increase of the standard deviation; (3)the calculation results of the network model are consistent with the experimental data, which proves its feasibility to a certain extent.
Effects of alloying elements on the dissolution and diffusion of Bi in Sn: A first-principles study
Authors: Sun Lu , Yan Jiasi , Wang Limin , Xiao Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Interfacial Bi segregation in Sn-based solders is a critical issue that affects the reliability of solder joints. Doping alloying elements into Sn-Bi solders is considered as a potential way to improve the Bi precipitation. We provided insights into the mechanism of Bi segregation at the atomic scale, by calculating the dissolution and diffusion energies of Bi in the Sn bulk. Importantly, we investigated the effects of alloying elements on the Bi dissolution and diffusion, which varies much with element species. The addition of elements such as Pt, Pd, and Au could enhance the dissolution and weaken the diffusion of Bi in the Sn bulk, thus suppressing the interfacial Bi segregation to some extent. However, other elements such as In, Ag, Sb, and Ga have slight impacts on the dissolution and diffusion of Bi. The bonding characters between the third elements, Bi, and Sn atoms explain different influences of alloying elements on Bi segregation in Sn-based solders.
The Temporal and Spatial Shift of Vertical Quantity and Source of the PHC Content
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Li Haixia , Lin Dong , Ren Haoyuan , Wang Qi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
According to the investigation data of PHC in Jiaozhou Bay in May, August and October, 1992, this article shows the source of PHC content in both surface and bottom of Jiaozhou Bay and the temporal and spatial shift of vertical content by comparing the horizontal and vertical changes of PHC content and the PHC content in the surface and bottom. Consequently, in May, August and October, the results from subtracting PHC content in surface and bottom was between -0.004 – 0.028 mg/L, which indicated that the PHC content in both surface and bottom was close. In May, the difference of PHC content between the surface and bottom was -0.004 – -0.020 mg/L, both were negative, in the central and estuary waters of Jiaozhou Bay. In August, the difference of PHC content between surface and bottom layer of all stations in Jiaozhou Bay was 0.007–0.021 mg/L, which was positive. In October, the difference of PHC content between the surface and bottom layer of all stations in Jiaozhou Bay was 0.010–0.028 mg/L, which was positive. On the spatial scale, with the PHC content far away from the source, there are spatial changes of PHC content. In the center of the Bay and the northern part of the bay mouth, the PHC content of the surface layer is less than that of the bottom layer. In August and October, the difference of surface and bottom layer contents of all stations in Jiaozhou Bay was positive, showing that the PHC content of surface layer was higher than that of bottom layer. On the temporal scale, with the change of time, the source of PHC content underwent changes, showing the temporal changes of PHC content in surface and bottom. From May to August, the source of PHC content in the transportation changed. And the PHC content in the surface layer and the bottom layer in the transportation decreased. From August to October, the source of PHC content in the conveying system changed further with more PHC content in the surface layer and in the bottom layer.