bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing: a review
Authors: Gao Jian , Luo Xichun , Fang Fengzhou , Sun Jining 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing (ACSM) represents techniques for manufacturing high-end products in various fields, including future-generation computing, communication, energy, and medical devices and materials. In this paper, the theoretical boundary between ACSM and classical manufacturing is identified after a thorough discussion of quantum mechanics and their effects on manufacturing. The physical origins of atomic interactions and energy beams-matter interactions are revealed from the point view of quantum mechanics. The mechanisms that dominate several key ACSM processes are introduced, and a current numerical study on these processes is reviewed. A comparison of current ACSM processes is performed in terms of dominant interactions, representative processes, resolution and modelling methods. Future fundamental research is proposed for establishing new approaches for modelling ACSM, material selection or preparation and control of manufacturing tools and environments. This paper is by no means comprehensive but provides a starting point for further systematic investigation of ACSM fundamentals to support and accelerate its industrial scale implementation in the near future.
Kletzer on Permissions
Authors: Vinx Lars 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
Kelsen argued that any legal system claims a monopoly of the legitimate use of coercive force. Where there is law, Kelsen held, uses of force are prohibited unless they are specifically authorized by the law. Christoph Kletzer's reconstruction of the Pure Theory of Law offers a more austere picture of the relation between law and coercive force. According to Kletzer, the law regulates the use of force simply by permitting it. To make good on this claim, Kletzer must show that it is possible to give a satisfactory description of the workings of legal order in terms of permissions of the use of force alone. This paper argues that an account of legal order as austere as this cannot be given. The permissive operations of the law Kletzer takes to be fundamental presuppose a prior prohibition of unlawful uses of coercion.
Cultural Studies Revisited: Determinate Conditions and the Depressive Position
Authors: Cherniavsky Eva 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This essay reflects on the well-established debates between critique and the various modalities of “post-critique” via a pairing of Stuart Hall’s seminal essay “Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms,” and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s equally influential piece on “Paranoid Reading and Reparative Reading.” Juxtaposing the structuralist to the culturalist paradigms in cultural studies, Hall’s essays argue for the necessity of a continuous critical movement between attending to the structures that subject us and attending to the terrain of concrete, tenacious, and improvised historical struggle. While Sedgwick’s essay is routinely cited for its endorsement of reparative reading practices, I argue that her call is not to abandon suspicion, but to engage in a similar movement, or “oscillation,” between the exhaustive alertness of paranoia and the small, but sustaining, world-building practices she associates with the “depressive” position. In the second part of the essay, I turn to Ling Ma’s debut novel Severance (2018) as a literary text that hones this critical movement and, more particularly, invites us to think the value of routine, repetition, and drifting as something other and more complex than the erasure of agency.
As the World Turns; or Against Methodology
Authors: Margolis Stacey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The last ten years have seen the rise of an astonishing number of critical “turns” designed to revitalize literary studies by highlighting the political utility of certain methodologies. This essay argues that the critical investment in the power of methodology, especially the recent commitment to reparative reading practices, derives from a misunderstanding of what methodology is and what it can do. While fiction and poetry do often have political effects, these effects cannot be produced, regulated, or directed by particular methods of interpretation.
Deep learning tackles single-cell analysis—a survey of deep learning for scRNA-seq analysis
Authors: Flores Mario , Liu Zhentao , Zhang Tinghe , Hasib Md Musaddaqui , Chiu Yu-Chiao , Ye Zhenqing , Paniagua Karla , Jo Sumin , Zhang Jianqiu , Gao Shou-Jiang , Jin Yu-Fang , Chen Yidong , Huang Yufei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince its selection as the method of the year in 2013, single-cell technologies have become mature enough to provide answers to complex research questions. With the growth of single-cell profiling technologies, there has also been a significant increase in data collected from single-cell profilings, resulting in computational challenges to process these massive and complicated datasets. To address these challenges, deep learning (DL) is positioned as a competitive alternative for single-cell analyses besides the traditional machine learning approaches. Here, we survey a total of 25 DL algorithms and their applicability for a specific step in the single cell RNA-seq processing pipeline. Specifically, we establish a unified mathematical representation of variational autoencoder, autoencoder, generative adversarial network and supervised DL models, compare the training strategies and loss functions for these models, and relate the loss functions of these models to specific objectives of the data processing step. Such a presentation will allow readers to choose suitable algorithms for their particular objective at each step in the pipeline. We envision that this survey will serve as an important information portal for learning the application of DL for scRNA-seq analysis and inspire innovative uses of DL to address a broader range of new challenges in emerging multi-omics and spatial single-cell sequencing.
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors: from high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering agents?
Authors: Nurmohamed Nick S , Ditmarsch Marc , Kastelein John J P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a liver-synthesized glycoprotein whose main functions are facilitating transfer of both cholesteryl esters from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles to apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing particles as well as transfer of triglycerides from apoB-containing particles to HDL particles. Novel crystallographic data have shown that CETP exchanges lipids in the circulation by a dual molecular mechanism. Recently, it has been suggested that the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) benefit from CETP inhibition is the consequence of the achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apoB reduction, rather than through the HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) increase. The use of CETP inhibitors is supported by genetic evidence from Mendelian randomization studies, showing that LDL-C lowering by CETP gene variants achieves equal ASCVD risk reduction as LDL-C lowering through gene proxies for statins, ezetimibe, and proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin Type 9 inhibitors. Although first-generation CETP inhibitors (torcetrapib, dalcetrapib) were mainly raising HDL-C or had off-target effects, next generation CETP inhibitors (anacetrapib, evacetrapib) were also effective in reducing LDL-C and apoB and have been proven safe. Anacetrapib was the first CETP inhibitor to be proven effective in reducing ASCVD risk. In addition, CETP inhibitors have been shown to lower the risk of new-onset diabetes, improve glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. The newest-generation CETP inhibitor obicetrapib, specifically designed to lower LDL-C and apoB, has achieved significant reductions of LDL-C up to 45%. Obicetrapib, about to enter phase III development, could become the first CETP inhibitor as add-on therapy for patients not reaching their guideline LDL-C targets.
Spatial Distribution of Lepidopteran Stem Borers in Louisiana Rice Fields
Authors: Mulcahy Megan M , Wilson Blake E , Reagan Thomas E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Louisiana rice is attacked by a complex of lepidopteran stem borers that injure the vegetative and reproductive stages of rice, reducing tillering and grain output. Currently, insecticidal seed treatments are used in Louisiana as a preemptive means to control stem borers in rice. Our objective was to better understand the spatial distribution of stem borers in Louisiana rice fields. Thirteen nontreated commercial rice fields in Louisiana were mapped using GPS software and surveyed for stem borer damage in 2017 and 2018. Damage was recorded by counting the number of blank panicles (whiteheads) within quadrats located at different areas in each field. An ANOVA, spatial interpolation, hotspot analysis, and negative binomial regression were used to determine where stem borer injury was concentrated and whether the distribution of these pests was influenced by rice stand count, field composition, and site location. The results show that stem borers are typically aggregated along field edges, with population density decreasing toward the center of rice fields. Stem borer damage was 4.2- and 3.9-fold greater along field edges than in field centers in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Hotspot spatial analysis revealed 41.7 and 52.1% of low-density clusters occurred at or near field centers, respectively. Negative binomial regression revealed stem borer injury declines with increasing distance from field edges, with regional differences in infestation levels. This suggests stem borer control efforts could be spatially targeted to improve the efficiency of pest management.
First Look Into the Ambrosia Beetle–Fungus Symbiosis Present in Commercial Avocado Orchards in Michoacán, Mexico
Authors: Ángel-Restrepo M , Parra P P , Ochoa-Ascencio S , Fernández-Pavía S , Vázquez-Marrufo G , Equihua-Martínez A , Barrientos-Priego A F , Ploetz R C , Konkol J L , Saucedo-Carabez J R , Gazis R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Most beetle–fungus symbioses do not represent a threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems; however, a few beetles are able to inoculate healthy hosts with disease-causing fungal symbionts. Here, we report the putative nutritional symbionts associated with five native species of ambrosia beetles colonizing commercial avocado trees in four locations in Michoacán. Knowing which beetles are present in the commercial orchards and the surrounding areas, as well as their fungal associates, is imperative for developing a realistic risk assessment and an effective monitoring system that allows for timely management actions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed five potentially new, previously undescribed species of Raffaelea, and three known species (R. arxi, R. brunnea, R. fusca). The genus Raffaelea was recovered from all the beetle species and across the different locations. Raffaelea lauricola (RL), which causes a deadly vascular fungal disease known as laurel wilt (LW) in Lauraceae species, including avocado, was not recovered. This study points to the imminent danger of native ambrosia beetles spreading RL if the pathogen is introduced to Mexico’s avocado orchards or natural areas given that these beetles are associated with Raffaelea species and that lateral transfer of RL among ambrosia beetles in Florida suggests that the likelihood of this phenomenon increases when partners are phylogenetically close. Therefore, this study provides important information about the potential vectors of RL in Mexico and other avocado producing regions. Confirming beetle–fungal identities in these areas is especially important given the serious threat laurel wilt disease represents to the avocado industry in Mexico.
Accurate formulae for P-wave reflectivity and transmissivity for a non-welded contact interface with the effect of in situ vertical stress
Authors: Chen Fubin , Zong Zhaoyun , Yin Xingyao , Feng Yanwen 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARY
A detailed knowledge of wave reflectivity parametrization for non-welded interface plays an important role in fracture characterization and reservoir prediction. However, the effect of in situ stress on reflectivity formulae for non-welded contact interface remains unclear. Here based on the linear-slip theory and acoustoelasticity theory, we propose the accurate P-wave reflectivity and transmissivity formulae for planar P wave incident upon the non-welded interface between two elastic half-spaces under the in situ vertical stress. The discontinuous boundary conditions coupled with vertical stress is used to represent the non-welded contact interface for the elastic and viscous cases. Then accurate formulae are derived by solving the boundary conditions. Numerical results show that the proposed formulae are frequency-dependent and the non-welded interface performs as high- and low-pass filters for reflected and transmittedP wave at low stress, respectively. Moreover, initial vertical stress can change the maximum amplitudes of reflection and transmission coefficients and the corresponding critical angles. Particularly, vertical stress weakens the fracture-induced anomalous seismic reflections in zones lack of significant impedance contrasts at low incidence angles. The sensitivity analysis suggests a non-welded interface transforms into a welded interface at normal compliance ${\Delta _N} \le 5 \times {10^{ - 11}}$ m Pa−1. The phases and amplitudes of the four coefficients reach the maximum values at the specific viscosity $\eta \approx {10^6}$ Pa·s m−1 for the case of P wave obliquely incident upon the viscous interface at incidence angle 30°. Finally, we describe a method for simulating seismic reflection at the interface of two elastic media with experimental measurement.
Combined video–hydroacoustic survey of nearshore semi-pelagic rockfish in untrawlable habitats
Authors: Rasmuson Leif K , Fields Stephanie A , Blume Matthew T O , Lawrence Kelly A , Rankin Polly S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
New survey technologies are needed to survey untrawlable habitats in a cost-effective and nonlethal manner with minimal impacts on habitat and nontarget species. Here, we test the efficacy of integrating data from a suspended underwater camera with acoustic data to generate population estimates for nearshore Black (Sebastes melanops), Blue (Sebastes mystinus), and Deacon Rockfish (Sebastes diaconus). We surveyed Seal Rock Reef near Newport, Oregon, and compared our results to population estimates derived from a mark–recapture study conducted at the same reef. We compared fish density estimates from video deployments to those calculated from applying published target strength to length regression models to our acoustics data. Densities derived from the acoustics, using a generalized physoclist target strength to length model, were significantly different from densities derived from video; conversely, a rockfish-specific target strength to length model generated densities that were not statistically different from video densities. To assess whether, and how, fish behaviour was influenced by the presence of an underwater camera, we deployed our camera under the acoustic transducer. No statistical difference was observed in the acoustic density of fish before, during, or after camera deployment. Our work suggests that combining acoustic and stereo video data provided a similar population estimate to historic survey results, but an accurate acoustic density estimate was dependent on using the proper acoustic target–strength model. We contend that combining camera data with hydroacoustic data is effective for surveying rockfish in untrawlable habitats.
Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections in Women Who Received Injectable Cabotegravir or Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine for HIV Prevention: HPTN 084
Authors: Eshleman Susan H , Fogel Jessica M , Piwowar-Manning Estelle , Chau Gordon , Cummings Vanessa , Agyei Yaw , Richardson Paul , Sullivan Philip , Haines Casey D , Bushman Lane R , Petropoulos Christos , Persaud Deborah , Kofron Ryan , Hendrix Craig W , Anderson Peter L , Farrior Jennifer , Mellors John , Adeyeye Adeola , Rinehart Alex , St Clair Marty , Ford Susan , Rooney James F , Mathew Carrie-Anne , Hunidzarira Portia , Spooner Elizabeth , Mpendo Juliet , Nair Gonasagrie , Cohen Myron S , Hughes James P , Hosseinipour Mina , Hanscom Brett , Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Marzinke Mark A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
HIV Prevention Trials Network 084 demonstrated that long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB) was superior to daily oral tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in sub-Saharan African women. This report describes HIV infections that occurred in the trial before unblinding.

Methods
Testing was performed using HIV diagnostic assays, viral load testing, a single-copy RNA assay, and HIV genotyping. Plasma CAB, plasma TFV, and intraerythrocytic TFV-diphosphate concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
Forty HIV infections were identified (CAB arm, 1 baseline infection, 3 incident infections; TDF/FTC arm, 36 incident infections). The incident infections in the CAB arm included 2 with no recent drug exposure and no CAB injections and 1 with delayed injections; in 35 of 36 cases in the TDF/FTC arm, drug concentrations indicated low or no adherence. None of the cases had CAB resistance. Nine women in the TDF/FTC arm had nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance; 1 had the nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation, M184V.

Conclusions
Almost all incident HIV infections occurred in the setting of unquantifiable or low drug concentrations. CAB resistance was not detected. Transmitted nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance was common; 1 woman may have acquired nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance from study drug exposure.
Impact of Modified Caneberry Trellis Systems on Microclimate and Habitat Suitability forDrosophila suzukii(Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Schöneberg Torsten , English Leah A , Popp Jennie , Hamby Kelly A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCaneberries are trellised to facilitate harvest and agrochemical applications as well as to improve crop yield and quality. Trellising can also increase airflow and light penetration within the canopy and affect its microclimate. We compared an experimental trellis that split the canopy into halves to standard I- and V-trellises, measuring Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) fruit infestation as well as canopy temperature and relative humidity in raspberries at two commercial you-pick diversified farms. To evaluate the combined effects of trellising systems and pruning, we pruned one half of each row in blackberry plantings at two research farms and assessed D. suzukii infestation, canopy microclimate (temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity), fruit quality parameters (interior temperature, total soluble solids, and penetration force), and spray coverage/deposition. Trellis installation costs, labor inputs, and yield were used to further evaluate the trellis systems from an economic perspective. Fruit quality was not affected by trellising or pruning and lower total yield was observed in the experimental trellis treatment on one farm. Although D. suzukii infestation was only affected by trellising and pruning at one site, we observed a relationship between higher temperatures and reduced infestation on nearly all farms. Occasionally, lower relative humidity and high light intensity corresponded with lower infestation. Ultimately, the experimental trellis was less economically efficient than other trellising systems and our ability to successfully manipulate habitat favorability varied in a site-specific manner. Drosophila suzukii management approaches that rely upon unfavorable conditions are likely to be more effective in hot, dry regions.
Review of the diagnosis and treatment of brain metastases
Authors: Narita Yoshitaka , Sato Shinya , Kayama Takamasa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) occur in at least 10% of cancer patients, and are one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths and significant deterioration in the quality of life of cancer patients due to the neurological deterioration caused by brain compression and tumor invasion. Whole-brain irradiation has been emphasized as the standard treatment for BM. However, recent clinical trials including the JLGK0901 and JCOG0504 trials conducted in Japan have established therapeutic evidence for the use of stereotactic radiosurgery with regular follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging for BM. In addition to surgery and stereotactic radiotherapy, advances in drug therapy for BM, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, are expected. This review describes the history and the recent evidence of the diagnosis and treatment of BM.
Single-port laparoscopic appendectomy using a needle-type grasping forceps for selective adult patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis
Authors: Chen Yang , Liu Yanjie , Guo Shigang , Yuan Jieqing , Li Xiaojun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Laparoscopic appendectomy has been performed by surgeons all over the world with the advantages of minimal injury. However, conventional multiple ports procedure still has room for improvement to further reduce surgical stress. We present a novel technique of single-port laparoscopic appendectomy using a needle-type grasping forceps (SLAN) for the treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis in adults, which produces just a 1 cm traumbilical incision. Fourteen adult patients underwent this technique without any complications. Many advantages were observed, including minimal surgical trauma, less pain, faster recovery and unobviousable scars. In conclusion, SLAN provides a new choice of minimal invasive procedure for surgeons to treat adult patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis.
SRG/eROSITA view of X-ray reflection in the Central Molecular Zone: a snapshot in September–October 2019
Authors: Khabibullin Ildar , Churazov Eugene , Sunyaev Rashid 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
X-ray reflection off dense molecular clouds in the Galactic Centre region has established itself as a powerful probe for the past activity record of the supermassive black hole Sgr A* on a time-scale of a few hundred years. Detailed studies of the reflection signal from individual clouds allow us to estimate parameters of the brightest flare(s) and explore properties of the dense gas distribution inside and around them. On the other hand, wide-area surveys covering the full Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) are crucial to spot the brightening of the new clouds and long-term decay of the flux from the once bright ones. Here, we present and discuss the data obtained by the SRG/eROSITA telescope in the course of its commissioning observations in late 2019 in regard to the X-ray reflection off CMZ clouds located to the East of Sgr A*. We measure the hard X-ray (4–8 keV) flux from the currently brightest (in reflected emission) molecular complex, Sgr A, and derive upper limits for other molecular complexes. We confirm that the Sgr A complex keeps being bright at the level of $4\times 10^{-13}\,{\rm erg\, s^{-1}\,cm^{-2}\,arcmin^{-2}}$, making it an excellent candidate for the deep forthcoming high-resolution imaging and polarimetric observations. We also discuss distinct features of the reflected emission from the clouds for which the primary illumination front has already passed away and the signal is dominated by multiply scattered radiation.