bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of lipids on the properties of emulsified interfacial film of myofibrillar protein by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gao Yang , Zheng Jinyue , Liu Sinong , Shi Lishuang , Shao Jun‐Hua 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to detect the effects of lipids on the properties of emulsified myofibrillar protein (MP) interfacial layer by Raman spectroscopy combined with the protein adsorption characteristics. Results revealed that compared with butter and lard groups, the α‐helix content in the soybean oil emulsifying layer was decreased (P < 0.05), while β‐sheets and β‐turns were increased (P < 0.05). The tryptophan bands and the disulphide bonds were higher in the soybean oil emulsifying layer, which implied a secondary structure, covalent bonding and hydrophobic interactions between the different lipids and MP have distinctive features. Moreover, the absolute value of the zeta potential in the soybean oil emulsifying layer was the highest, and the unit interface membrane protein surface loading (ΓS) was higher, indicating that the soybean oil could form a more stable emulsifying layer with MP.
What do consumers want in fresh mangoes? A systematic literature review
Authors: Kiloes Adhitya Marendra , Azizan Fathin Ayuni , Checco Julia , Joyce Daryl , Abdul Aziz Ammar 
Published: December 2021

SummaryMango is one of the most widely consumed fresh fruit in the world with an export volume valued at approximately USD 3 billion in 2019. Understanding how consumers perceive quality is crucial to improve and strengthen the overall mango value chain performance in many producing countries. This systematic literature review evaluates and discusses the methods adopted in the identified studies and synthesises the quality attributes and characteristics preferred that have been analysed in a specific market. The results show three main findings: (i) a majority of the identified studies used sensory analysis, which was does not capture the general consumers’ perception of quality; (ii) the synthesis reveals that there are a limited number of studies in major importing countries despite the growth of global mango export and (iii) although there were thirty‐three mango quality attributes identified, there was no comprehensive information on consumer perception in any specific market available due to the variability of methods adopted in the studies. Future studies need to obtain detailed information such as the importance of a mango quality attribute, the characteristic preferred in each identified important attribute and the willingness to pay for a combination of mango quality attributes and characteristics. There should also be more studies conducted in major importing countries to reflect the growing global demand of fresh mangoes.
Fractionation and purification of antioxidant peptides from abalone viscera by a combination of Sephadex G‐15 and Toyopearl HW‐40F chromatography
Authors: Hu Yaqin , Yang Jiahong , He Chuanbo , Wei Haocheng , Wu Guohong , Xiong Hejian , Ma Ying 
Published: December 2021

SummaryAbalone viscera, a protein‐rich by‐products from the abalone processing industry, are normally discarded as wastes. In the present study, four different proteases were used to hydrolyse abalone viscera to prepare high‐activity antioxidant peptides, and their hydrolysis effects were compared. Although the hydrolytic abilities of papain and trypsin were inferior to the alcalase and neutrase, their use resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher scavenging activities for DPPH. The hydrolysates mainly consisted of peptides with a molecular weight <3 kDa, and the fractionation was achieved using a combination of Sephadex G‐15 and Toyopearl HW‐40F gel filtration chromatography, which overcomes the disadvantages of traditional membrane separation technology in fractionating peptides with relatively similar molecular weight distribution. The DPPH scavenging activities of the components containing peptides <1 kDa (fractions E) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those containing peptides >1 kDa. The different fractions E were further purified by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, and a total of 16 target peptides, containing 4‐8 amino acids, enriched in hydrophobic amino acids and C‐terminal Arg, with molecular weights ranging from 500 to 850 Da, were identified.
Effect of high pressure processing on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) during iced storage
Authors: Chen Lihang , Jiao Dexin , Yu Xiaona , Zhu Chen , Sun Ying , Liu Meihong , Liu Huimin 
Published: December 2021

SummaryScallops are the third largest aquaculture mollusks product, while they are highly perishable during storage. The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of high pressure processing (HPP) on physicochemical and sensorial properties of scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) during refrigeration storage. The scallop adductor muscle was treated with different pressures (200, 300, 400 and 500 MPa, 5 min) and iced storage for 28 days. Results showed that HPP delayed microbial growth as pressure increased. HPP (≥400 MPa) resulted in myosin and actin denaturation, increased hardness, whiteness, pH and promoted water migration. However, preliminary sensory analysis showed no significant difference between pressure‐treated and control adductor muscles in appearance, odour, texture and overall acceptability after cooking. In addition, pressure‐treated adductor muscles (≥300 MPa) remained edible after 28 days of storage. Overall, these results can provide basic knowledge for the storage of pressure‐treated scallop meat.
Encapsulation of mangosteen pericarp anthocyanin‐rich extract by spray drying
Authors: Sakulnarmrat Karunrat , Sittiwong Wuttichai , Konczak Izabela 
Published: December 2021

SummaryMangosteen pericarp anthocyanin‐rich extract (MPA) was encapsulated by maltodextrin dextrose equivalent 20 (MD20) combined with gum arabic (GA), inulin (IN) or pectin (PEC) using spray drying. The highest encapsulation efficiency and anthocyanin content exhibited MD20:PEC and MD20:IN combinations. The MPA‐encapsulated powders had a crystalline‐mixed amorphous structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed smooth, round, fine particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed entrapment of anthocyanins by carrier agents. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a high thermal stability of encapsulated powders at temperatures <200°C and found that encapsulation reduced thermal degradation of anthocyanins. Incorporation of MPA‐encapsulated powders into natural yoghurt produced shelf‐stable naturally coloured product but slightly suppressed the multiplication ofLactobacillus bulgaricus. Encapsulation of anthocyanin‐rich mangosteen pericarp extract using spray drying presents a viable opportunity for food technologists to utilise this source in the development of functional food products.
Sulphite‐corrected, non‐phenolic and phenolic antioxidant capacities of fruit wines profiled by differential Folin‐Ciocalteu assay
Authors: Zhang Aihua , Zeng Lingwen , Bo Huijie , Hardie William James 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) assay is a reliable and robust, in vitro measure of antioxidant capacity (AOC) of foods but in winemaking its use has generally been confined to measuring total phenolics. However, the contributions of non‐phenolics and sulphites, and total AOC are also of interest for winemaking process control and human health functionality. Accordingly, we adapted the FCR assay and evaluated it with a range of wines made from grapes and other fruits, viz. peach, Chinese quince, blueberry, bayberry and red dragon fruit. The novel protocol avoided recognised interferences and revealed a wide variation among the wines in the contributions of phenolics, non‐phenolics and sulphites to their total AOC. Of the fruit‐derived antioxidants, phenolics accounted for 67.7–98.9% and non‐phenolics, 1.0–26.0% of the AOC, respectively. Direct reaction of sulphites with FCR accounted for 0.1–10.6% of the AOC.
Human leukocyte antigen epitope mismatch loads and the development of de novo donor‐specific antibodies in cardiothoracic organ transplantation
Authors: Bedford Amy , Jervis Steven , Worthington Judith , Lowe Marcus , Poulton Kay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDe novo donor‐specific human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (dnDSA) are associated with increased risk of rejection and mortality in solid organ transplantation. Such dnDSA is produced in some recipients upon allorecognition of mismatched HLA post‐transplant. HLA matching is not currently considered in the allocation of deceased donor hearts and lungs and pre‐transplant immunological risk stratification is based entirely on the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of circulating donor‐directed HLA antibodies. HLA epitope‐based matching tools predict B‐cell or T‐cell HLA epitopes that are present in the donor's HLA but absent in the recipient's HLA. We hypothesized that patients with higher epitope mismatch loads would be at increased risk of dnDSA development. We retrospectively analysed 73 heart and/or lung transplant recipients who were tested for DSA between 2015 and 2020. HLAMatchmaker, PIRCHE‐II and HLA epitope mismatch algorithm (HLA‐EMMA) were used to calculate eplet mismatch (EpMM) loads, T‐cell epitope mismatch (TEpMM) loads and solvent accessible amino acid mismatch (SAMM) loads, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that HLA‐EMMA was the only tool with a significant association between the total score for all HLA loci and dnDSA production [odds ratio (OR) 1.021, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.003–1.042, p = .0225] though this increased risk was marginal. The majority of dnDSA were directed against HLA‐DQ and patients with higher HLA‐DQ TEpMM loads (OR = 1.008, CI = 1.002–1.014, p = .007), and HLA‐DR+DQ SAMM loads (OR = 1.035, CI = 1.010–1.064, p = .0077) were most at risk of producing dnDSA. We also showed that patients with a risk epitope within the HLA molecule encoded for by HLA‐DQA1*05 + HLA‐DQB1*02/03:01 were significantly more likely to produce dnDSA. The use of HLA epitope‐based matching tools could be used for cardiothoracic transplant risk stratification to enable early intervention and monitoring of patients at increased risk of producing dnDSA.
The cooperation between business organizations, trade unions, and the state during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A comparative analysis of the nature of the tripartite relationship
Authors: Brandl Bernd 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 outbreak has led to an increase in social dialogue in general and, in particular, to an increase in tripartite cooperation between social partners' organizations and state authorities. This paper takes a critical look behind this cooperation and investigates the underlying rationales behind the tripartite cooperation in 19 countries. It is shown that even though the cooperation generally fulfilled its problem‐solving function, an expressive function that signaled unity was identified to be of equal importance in such a time of crisis. This expressive function is also identified to potentially serve as the basis for a renewed social partnership.
Improvement of endoglucanase production by Aspergillus brasiliensis in solid-state fermentation using cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) residue as substrate
Authors: de Souza Falcão Lucas , Santiago do Amaral Thaís , Bittencourt Brasil Guilherme , Melchionna Albuquerque Patrícia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Optimize the production of Aspergillus brasiliensis endoglucanase in a solid-phase bioprocess using cupuaçu shell as substrate.

Methods and Results
The shells were supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorous and used as a substrate. The centesimal and inorganic composition of the residue was determined, and found to be rich in fibres, and possessed essential elements for fungal growth. In the initial cultivation of A. brasiliensis, endoglucanase activity of 7.35 U g−1 was obtained. A factorial experimental design was used to determine the most significant variables for the bioprocess. The interactions between moisture, temperature and nitrogen source were noteworthy (p &lt; 0.05). From the rotational central composite design, the optimization of temperature and nitrogen supplementation was obtained, and this reached 40.50 U g−1, which is an increase of more than five times the value obtained initially. The enzymatic extract was applied as the biocatalyst in the hydrolysis of cupuaçu shells and, after 48 h, it was possible to observe the production of reducing sugars.

Conclusions
Cupuaçu shell can be used as a substrate for endoglucanase production by A. brasiliensis. The process was optimized for the cultivation temperature and the nitrogen source. The enzymatic extract can be applied in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Cupuaçu shells can be used to produce cellulases, a product of high added value that can generate economic and environmental benefits for communities and companies producing derivatives of the cupuaçu fruit.
Monitoring the integrity and usability of policy evaluation tools within an evolving sociocultural context: A demonstration of reflexivity using the CFPC Family Medicine Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Hamza Deena M. , Grierson Lawrence 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesOver the last decade, policy changes have prompted Canadian medical education to emphasize a transformation to competency‐based education, and subsequent development of evaluation tools. The pandemic provides a unique opportunity to emphasize the value of reflexive monitoring, a cyclical and iterative process of appraisal and adaptation, since tools are influenced by social and cultural factors relevant at the time of their development.MethodsDeductive content analysis of documents and resources about the advancement of primary care. Reflexive monitoring of the Family Medicine Longitudinal Survey (FMLS), an evaluation tool for physician training.ResultsThe FMLS tool does not explore all training experiences that are currently relevant; including, incorporating technology, infection control and safety, public health services referrals, patient preferences for care modality, and trauma‐informed culturally safe care.ConclusionThe results illustrate that reflection promotes the validity and usefulness of the data collected to inform policy performance and other initiatives.
Development of a PCR‐RFLP method for differential identification of Microcotyle sebastis and Microcotyle caudata isolated from cultured rockfish in Korea
Authors: Nam U‐Hwa , Kim Jeong‐Ho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicrocotylid monogeneans can cause considerable health problems in cultured fish, and several Microcotyle species are reported from scorpaenid fish, an economically important aquaculture target species in Korea. We developed a PCR‐RFLP assay targeting the mitochondrial cox1 gene, for discriminating Microcotyle sebastis and M. caudata from cultured Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii and dark‐banded rockfish S. inermis. AseI enzyme treatment of the PCR products showed that M. sebastis sequence was cleaved while M. caudata was not. A total of 95.2% (118/124) of monogeneans from S. schlegelii were identified as M. sebastis, and 96.2% (126/131) of monogeneans from S. inermis were identified as M. caudata by PCR‐RFLP. However, the remaining parasites from each host showed the opposite digestion pattern. Additional analyses of these specimens by targeting the ITS region by PCR‐RFLP showed the same results, suggesting that cross‐species infection by the parasites may have occurred. In Korea, S. inermis net cages are commonly located nearby S. schlegelii net cages, and this encaged proximity might have provided the opportunity for cross‐infection to occur. Further examination of wild host populations and experimental cross‐infection will be necessary to explain this phenomenon. The PCR‐RFLP method in this study will help investigate the epidemiology and infection dynamics of Microcotyle species in S. inermis.
Developing a multicomponent implementation strategy for mental health interventions within the Nurse‐Family Partnership: An application of the EPIS framework
Authors: Beeber Linda , Ledford Alasia , Gasbarro Mariarosa , Zeanah Paula , Knudtson Michael , Sprinkle Sharon , McMichael Georgette , Mosqueda Alison , Leeman Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe the process used to create the Mental Health Innovation (MHI), a multicomponent implementation strategy that integrates evidence‐based mental health interventions into the Nurse‐Family Partnership (NFP), a national home visiting program delivered by nurses to low‐income mothers.Organizing constructThe Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework outlines the multistep, stakeholder‐engaged process used to develop the MHI.ConclusionEngaging stakeholders provided an in‐depth understanding of NFP infrastructure and the needs of NFP nurses and their clients. This understanding was key to designing a multicomponent implementation strategy to integrate mental health interventions within national and local NFP infrastructure and existing care processes.Clinical relevanceApplication of implementation frameworks such as EPIS provides a guide to integrating evidence‐based interventions in a systematic, intentional, and rigorous manner, which in turn may promote their wide scale use and long‐term sustainability.
Enhancing paediatric palliative care: A rapid review to inform continued development of care for children with life‐limiting conditions
Authors: Ekberg Stuart , Bowers Alison , Bradford Natalie , Ekberg Katie , Rolfe Melanie , Elvidge Norah , Cook Rebecca , Roberts Sara‐Jane , Howard Christine , Agar Meera , Deleuil Renee , Fleming Sara , Hynson Jenny , Jolly Ashka , Heywood Melissa , Waring Simon , Rice Toni , Vickery Annette 
Published: December 2021

AimFollowing the establishment of paediatric palliative care services over recent decades, this study sought to identify information to inform future policy and practice.MethodsA rapid review using thematic synthesis was conducted to synthesise existing information about improving paediatric palliative care. Information was extracted in relation to key areas for investment and change: quality, access, advance care planning, skills, research, collaboration and community awareness.ResultsA total of 2228 literature sources were screened, with 369 included. Synthesised information identified clear ways to improve quality of care, access to care, advance care planning, and research and data collection. The synthesis identified knowledge gaps in understanding how to improve skills in paediatric palliative care, collaboration across Australian jurisdictions and community awareness.ConclusionsThe findings of this review bring together information from a vast range of sources to provide action‐oriented information to target investment and change in paediatric palliative care over the coming decades.
Practices and perceptions of British dog owners related to pet‐associated zoonoses
Authors: Sum S. J. J. , Mateus A. L. P. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate husbandry practices, animal health provision and perceptions of British dog owners related to the risk of exposure to zoonoses.Materials and MethodsUsing an online survey, we collected data on pet and owner's demographics and husbandry practices, and perceptions of zoonotic risks. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate if respondents' characteristics were associated with their practices and perceptions.ResultsOverall, 335 dog owners participated in this survey. The odds of engaging in practices associated with a risk of zoonotic exposure and having misconceptions about zoonoses were greater in older than in younger respondents. The same association was observed in respondents without a veterinary background and with a lower level of education compared to those with a veterinary background and with a higher education, respectively. The odds of feeding raw meat‐based diets (odds ratio: 4.0, 95% confidence interval: 2.0 to 7.9) were greater in respondents without a veterinary background than in those with a veterinary background. The odds of vaccinating their dogs (OR: 2.7, 1.1 to 6.3) were greater in respondents with an undergraduate qualification than in respondents with lower qualifications. The odds of following recommended dosing when administering both ectoparasitic (OR: 0.09, 0.02 to 0.4) and endoparasitic (OR: 0.08, 0.02 to 0.4) treatments were lower in respondents aged 60 and above than in younger respondents.Clinical SignificanceThis study highlights opportunities for targeted client communication and education by veterinarians to reduce risks of pet‐associated zoonoses moving forward.
Laboratory monitoring and antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B among routine care patients in the United States
Authors: Zhou Yueren , Li Jia , Gordon Stuart C. , Trudeau Sheri , Rupp Loralee B. , Boscarino Joseph A. , Daida Yihe G. , Schmidt Mark A. , Lu Mei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigated factors associated with rates of recommended monitoring of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) patients for viral DNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and initiation of antiviral treatment among eligible patients, in a US cohort of patients under routine care. Patients were categorised by treatment indication: definite, equivocal or ineligible. Baseline covariates included demographics, clinical characteristics and specialist care status. ‘Recommended monitoring’ was defined ≥1 ALT or HBV DNA test per year. Logit models, univariate then multivariable, were used to evaluate factors associated with monitoring and treatment. Among 3,830 patients, treatment was received by 67.5% (788/1168 patients) in the ‘definite’ category, and 34.1% (208/610 patients) in the ‘equivocal’ category, of whom 109 moved up to ‘definite’ status at some point during follow‐up. Sex, age and specialist care were independently associated with receipt of treatment in ‘definite’ patients. Routine monitoring rates were high prior to treatment in ‘definite/ treated’ patients (ALT: 77%; DNA: 85%) but declined afterwards (ALT 63%; DNA 36%). Rates of monitoring were lower in ‘definite/ untreated’ patients (ALT: 48%; DNA: 32%). Among ‘equivocal/ treated’ patients, lower age and comorbidity scores were associated with receipt of treatment; ALT monitoring rates were similar before and after treatment initiation (41% and 46%, respectively), while rates of DNA monitoring declined (55% and 29%). Monitoring among ‘treatment ineligible’ patients was similar to those in the ‘equivocal’ and untreated ‘definite’ groups. A large proportion of US HBV patients under routine care did not receive recommended annual laboratory monitoring, especially after initiation of antiviral treatment, and nearly one‐third of patients with ‘definite’ indications for antiviral therapy remained untreated.