bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masking Feedforward Neural Networks Against Power Analysis Attacks
Authors: Athanasiou Konstantinos , Wahl Thomas , Ding A. Adam , Fei Yunsi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recent advances in machine learning have enabled Neural Network (NN) inference directly on constrained embedded devices. This local approach enhances the privacy of user data, as the inputs to the NN inference are not shared with third-party cloud providers over a communication network. At the same time, however, performing local NN inference on embedded devices opens up the possibility of Power Analysis attacks, which have recently been shown to be effective in recovering NN parameters, as well as their activations and structure. Knowledge of these NN characteristics constitutes a privacy threat, as it enables highly effective Membership Inference and Model Inversion attacks, which can recover information about the sensitive data that the NN model was trained on. In this paper we address the problem of securing sensitive NN inference parameters against Power Analysis attacks. Our approach employs masking, a countermeasure well-studied in the context of cryptographic algorithms. We design a set of gadgets, i.e., masked operations, tailored to NN inference. We prove our proposed gadgets secure against power attacks and show, both formally and experimentally, that they are composable, resulting in secure NN inference. We further propose optimizations that exploit intrinsic characteristics of NN inference to reduce the masking’s runtime and randomness requirements. We empirically evaluate the performance of our constructions, showing them to incur a slowdown by a factor of about 2–5.
From “Onion Not Found” to Guard Discovery
Authors: Oldenburg Lennart , Acar Gunes , Diaz Claudia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a novel web-based attack that identifies a Tor user’s guard in a matter of seconds. Our attack is low-cost, fast, and stealthy. It requires only a moderate amount of resources and can be deployed by website owners, third-party script providers, and malicious exits—if the website traffic is unencrypted. The attack works by injecting resources from non-existing onion service addresses into a webpage. Upon visiting the attack webpage with Tor Browser, the victim’s Tor client creates many circuits to look up the non-existing addresses. This allows middle relays controlled by the adversary to detect the distinctive traffic pattern of the “404 Not Found” lookups and identify the victim’s guard. We evaluate our attack with extensive simulations and live Tor network measurements, taking a range of victim machine, network, and geolocation configurations into account. We find that an adversary running a small number of HSDirs and providing 5 % of Tor’s relay bandwidth needs 12.06 seconds to identify the guards of 50 % of the victims, while it takes 22.01 seconds to discover 90 % of the victims’ guards. Finally, we evaluate a set of countermeasures against our attack including a defense that we develop based on a token bucket and the recently proposed Vanguards-lite defense in Tor.
DataProVe: Fully Automated Conformance Verification Between Data Protection Policies and System Architectures
Authors: Ta Vinh Thong , Eiza Max Hashem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Privacy and data protection by design are relevant parts of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in which businesses and organisations are encouraged to implement measures at an early stage of the system design phase to fulfil data protection requirements. This paper addresses the policy and system architecture design and propose two variants of privacy policy language and architecture description language, respectively, for specifying and verifying data protection and privacy requirements. In addition, we develop a fully automated algorithm based on logic, for verifying three types of conformance relations (privacy, data protection, and functional conformance) between a policy and an architecture specified in our languages’ variants. Compared to related works, this approach supports a more systematic and fine-grained analysis of the privacy, data protection, and functional properties of a system. Our theoretical methods are then implemented as a software tool called DataProVe and its feasibility is demonstrated based on the centralised and decentralised approaches of COVID-19 contact tracing applications.
Setting the Bar Low: Are Websites Complying With the Minimum Requirements of the CCPA?
Authors: Van Nortwick Maggie , Wilson Christo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
On June 28, 2018, the California State Legislature passed the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), arguably the most comprehensive piece of online privacy legislation in the United States. Online services covered by the CCPA are required to provide a hyperlink on their homepage with the text “Do Not Sell My Personal Information” (DNSMPI). The CCPA went into effect on January 1, 2020, a date that was chosen to give data collectors time to study the new law and bring themselves into compliance.
In this study, we begin the process of investigating whether websites are complying with the CCPA by focusing on DNSMPI links. Using longitudinal data crawled from the top 1M websites in the Tranco ranking, we examine which websites are including DNSMPI links, whether the websites without DNSMPI links are out of compliance with the law, whether websites are using geofences to dynamically hide DNSMPI links from non-Californians, how DNSMPI adoption has changed over time, and how websites are choosing to present DNSMPI links (e.g., in terms of font size, color, and placement). We argue that the answers to these questions are critical for spurring enforcement actions under the law, and helping to shape future privacy laws and regulations, e.g., rule making that will soon commence around the successor to the CCPA, known as the CPRA.
Unbound: Ethics, Law, Sustainability, and the New Space Race
Authors: Impey Chris 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We are witnessing a new space race. A half century after the last Moon landing, and after a decade during which the United States could not launch its own astronauts to Earth orbit, there is new energy in the space activity. China has huge ambitions to rival or eclipse America as the major space power, and other countries are developing space programs. However, perhaps the greatest excitement attaches to the entrepreneurs who are trying to create a new business model for space travel based initially on tourism, and eventually, on colonizing the Moon and Mars and harvesting resources from asteroids. This paper presents a snapshot of the new space race and the rich men behind it, and it looks at some of the ethical and legal issues raised by this activity. The methodology is to consider the stated ambitions of the men leading private space companies, compare and contrast the space endeavor with earlier episodes of exploration and transportation innovation, review the regulatory environment for outer space, and consider two divergent scenarios for the future. Opinions are divided on whether commercial space flight is an expensive indulgence or potentially a way to find sustainability solutions for our life on Earth. It is concluded that the new space race can be characterized as unbounded: in ambition, in terms of laws and regulations, and in terms of ethical constraints on the activity.
Object and Lane Detection Technique for Autonomous Car Using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Muthalagu Raja , Bolimera Anudeep Sekhar , Duseja Dhruv , Fernandes Shaun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to develop a perception algorithm for self-driving cars which is based on pure vision data or camera data. The work is divided into two major parts. In part one of the work, we develop a powerful and robust lane detection algorithm which can determine the safely drive-able region in front of the car. In part two we develop and end to end driving model based on CNNs to learn from the drivers driving data and can drive the car with only the camera data from on-board cameras. Performance of the proposed system is observed by the implementation of the autonomous car that can be able to detect and classify the stop signs and other vehicles.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Network Selection and Optimized Routing in Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Hussain Shaik Mazhar , Yusof Kamaludin Mohamad , Hussain Shaik Ashfaq 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a network of vehicles communicating with each other by exchanging road traffic information via radio access technologies. Two potential technologies of V2X that have gained attention over the past years are DSRC and cellular networks such as 4G LTE and 5G. DSRC is suitable for low latency communications, however provides a shorter coverage range whereas, 4G LTE offers a wide coverage range but has high transmission time intervals. In contrast, 5G offers higher data rates, low latencies but prone to blockages. Single technology might not fully accommodate the requirements of vehicular communications. Hence, it is required to interwork with more than one radio access network to satisfy the requirements of safety vehicular applications. One issue identified when working with multiple radio access networks is the selection of the most appropriate network for vertical handover. Usually, in the previous works, the network is selected directly or will be connected to the available network due to which the handover had to take place frequently resulting in unnecessary handovers. Hence, in the existing state-of-the-art, the need for handover is not validated. In this paper, we have proposed a dynamic Q-learning algorithm to validate the need for handover, and then, appropriate selection of network would take place by using a fuzzy convolutional neural network. Besides, a modified jellyfish optimization algorithm is proposed to select the shortest paths by forming V2V pairs that take into account channel metrics, vehicle metrics, and vehicle performance metrics. The proposed algorithms are then evaluated using OMNET++ and compared with the existing state-of-the-art concerning mean handover, HO failure, throughput, delay, and packet loss as the performance metrics.
Method of Assessing the Efficiency of Electrical Power Circuit Separation with the Power Line Communication for Railway Signs Monitoring
Authors: Kiedrowski Piotr , Saganowski Łukasz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article describes a project to use PLC technology in railway light signs. The proposal presents a solution for the separation of supplying circuits with the use of filters. The necessity of separation is a result of long distance data transmission between sign controllers and LED railway signs using PLC modems which work on the same frequency. Problems in the selection of filter parameters are presented due to the fact that there is no specification for the characteristic of the separation filter, there are only requirements for the reliability communication system. To meet these requirements, the circuits separation efficiency must be assessed. The paper presents a quick method to evaluate separation efficiency. Structure of the network, as well as the set of devices which realize this specific kind of wired sensor network for supervising railway LED sign network and maintenance parameters are also presented in this article.
Urban Travel Behavior and Socio-Spatial Issues in the Mena Region: What Do We Know?
Authors: Andraos Joanna , Awad Razan , Geagea Tony , Habib Clara , Koberssi Lydia , Lahoud Jessica , Rabah Majeed , Reaidy Farid , Eddine Nour Saad , Masoumi Houshmand 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Unlike literature and studies coming from high-income or Western countries, the existing conducted on the Middle East and North Africa fail to draw a nearly complete image of the characteristics of passenger travel behaviors in the urban areas of the region. This gap necessitates a holistic review of the previous studies and comparing their results of those of the international findings. This paper summarizes the status of urban travel behavior studies on the MENA region under eight categories of socioeconomics, land use, perceptions and attitudes, urban sprawl, neighborhood design, public transportation use, active mobility, and new technologies and concepts. Descriptive literature review and desk research depicts both lack of research results or data and differences between the behaviors in the MENA region and the Western countries. Moreover, based on the background review, this paper provides a list of recommendations for having more sustainable mobility in the MENA region.
Research of Self – Organizing Networks (SON) Algorithms Efficiency Applying on Fourth – Generation Mobile Networks
Authors: Solochshenko Alexandr , Baikenov Alimjan , Tikhvinskiy Valery , Caiko Jelena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The application of SON algorithms for automating the processes of operating fourth-generation mobile networks based on the networks of operation, administration and management of OAM (Operation and Maintenance) is considered. The features of the tasks at the stages of self-optimization and self-configuration of the network for the various stages of 4G mobile network life cycle are shown. Criteria and approaches to assessing the effectiveness of solving problems by the SON network are proposed. The technical requirements are also formulated for SON algorithms. The experimentally achieved values of the selected performance exponents depending on the duration of the test cluster self-optimization time of the 4G network are shown.
Predicting the Fatigue Life of a Ball Joint
Authors: Edward Kozłowski , Anna Borucka , Tadeusz Szymczak , Andrzej Świderski , Leszek Gil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The technical conditions and service life of steering elements of vehicles are an important factor directly affecting road safety. Therefore, high reliability of such kind’s components is required. In the paper, on the basis of the stand test, the fatigue durability of a ball joint of a steering tie rod is determined. It is elaborated together with a prediction for the further number of cycles, enabling to determine the technical state of the tested component containing its service life. The aim of the article is to select an appropriate mathematical model with respect to describing the relationship between the moment of force and the fatigue cycles performed for the ball joint of a steering rod of a vehicle with a GVW above 3.5 tonnes, and identifying the model’s parameters. As a result, the limit number of loading cycles after which the examined joint does not meet safety requirements is estimated.
Results of application composite hydrogel coatings based on polyvinyl alcohol in the experiment
Authors: Sil’vistrovich V. I. , Lyzikov A. A. 
Published: November 2021

The results of the use in the experiment of composite hydrogel coatings of prolonged action based on polyvinyl alcohol are investigated.Objective. The aim of the study is a comparative clinical assessment of the effectiveness of the developed composite hydrogel coatings of prolonged action in an experiment in laboratory rats.Materials and research methods. After modeling alloxan diabetes mellitus and neuroischemic form of diabetic foot in laboratory white Wistar rats, the developed wound dressings were applied. A clinical analysis of their effectiveness was carried out and the optimal composition was determined. The animals were divided into three groups, 10 animals in each group, as follows: the first — control with self-healing of the wound, the second — with samples No. 1 (polyvinyl alcohol + chitosan + pectin + L-aspartic acid + gentamicin), the third — with samples No. 2 (polyvinyl alcohol + chitosan + pectin + L-aspartic acid + gentamicin + methyluracil). The first dressing change was carried out on the third day with the taking of histological material, then - every other day. When changing the dressing, such parameters as the nature and amount of wound discharge, the size of the ulcer, the presence of granulations and epithelialization were assessed. Dynamic assessment was performed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days. The measurement of the area of the ulcer was carried out by transferring the contour of the ulcer to graph paper with manual counting.Research results. The healing rate of ulcers in the experimental groups was higher than in the control group. When comparing second and third groups, a significant increase in speed was noted by the seventh day in third group (p < 0.05), which reduced the overall healing time of ulcers by 7 days.Conclusion. The study showed that the healing time of ulcers in laboratory animals with the use of the developed wound dressings is significantly reduced in comparison with the control group. The proposed method of local treatment can be considered effective in the treatment of vascular etiology trophic ulcers against the background of diabetes mellitus.
Changement pétrographique majeur dans les hautes terrasses de la Meuse entre Namur et Huy (Belgique) à la suite de la capture de la Semois
Authors: JUVIGNÉ Étienne , HOUBRECHTS Geoffrey , CAMPENHOUT Jean VAN 
Published: November 2021

Une étude sédimentologique de lambeaux de très hautes terrasses mosanes entre Namur et Huy a permis d’améliorer les connaissances relatives à l’évolution de la Meuse de Dinant qui a façonné des terrasses sur 35 m de dénivelée sous le niveau de la transgression oligocène du plateau en y abandonnant systématiquement un cailloutis épais de quelques décimètres et caractérisé par une large majorité de galets de quartz ainsi qu’une granularité essentiellement inférieure à 32 mm. À l’altitude actuelle de 180 m à Andenne/Huy, un cailloutis grossier et riche en cailloux roulés de quartzite a brutalement envahi le bassin ; il est attribué à la capture de la Semois survenue à Revin (France). Cette capture est placée dans le Pléistocène inférieur sur la base de sa position stratigraphique dans les modèles de terrasse existants, plutôt que dans le Mio-Pliocène comme évoqué dans la littérature.
Remise en question de l’âge de la capture de la Meuse lorraine à la lumière de la répartition des amphiboles des Vosges dans les terrasses mosanes
Authors: JUVIGNÉ Étienne , HOUBRECHTS Geoffrey 
Published: November 2021

Les associations de minéraux denses transparents de 25 lambeaux de divers niveaux de terrasses mosanes ont été établies et les résultats antérieurs en cette matière ont été rassemblés. Les amphiboles présentes dans la classe granulométrique de 75 à 425 µm des terrasses de cailloutis mosans proviennent des Vosges, qu’elles soient brunes ou vertes assorties de pléochroïsme. De la sorte, il apparait qu’au cours de l’incision de la Meuse, les amphiboles des Vosges sont entrées en scène dans une terrasse située à 128 m à Givet (+28 m vs plaine d’inondation) et à 134-140 m à Lixhe/Visé (+80 m vs plaine d’inondation). Cette terrasse, par ailleurs en contre-pente, débouche dans le profil de référence de Maastricht au niveau de la Terrasse de Valkenburg-1 pour laquelle il existe une estimation d’âge de 1,57 Ma. La capture de la Meuse lorraine aurait donc eu lieu dans la seconde moitié du Pléistocène inférieur et non pendant la transition mio-pliocène comme avancé dans la littérature la plus récente.
Comprendre les comportements des populations en situation de risque naturel dans les pays en développement : exemple de Douala (Cameroun)
Authors: TCHOUNGA Gille Baustert 
Published: November 2021

Dans les pays en développement, la gestion des risques naturels par les ménages met en exergue des réactions sociales dont la compréhension reste complexe. Comment le risque est-il pensé dans un contexte de précarité ? Qu’est ce qui détermine les actions des ménages en situation de risque naturel ? À partir des enquêtes de terrain et des modèles théoriques en sciences sociales (capabilités et motivation à la protection), cet article relève les déterminants de l’adoption des comportements préventifs en situation de catastrophe naturelle dans la ville de Douala. Plusieurs éléments contextuels motivent les actions des ménages dans les zones à risque, l’analyse conduit à deux attitudes adoptées à la suite du processus perception-représentation-comportement : les initiatives protectrices liés à la minimisation du risque et celles non protectrices liées au déni et au sentiment de sécurité. Le renforcement de la communication sur les risques naturels constitue une dimension indispensable à considérer dans la gestion durable des territoires exposés aux risques naturels.
La pêche thonière au Gabon : entre exploitation et nécessité d’industrialisation locale
Authors: NDJAMBOU Léandre Edgard , BEKALE Aline-Joëlle LEMBE , NDONG Léonilde Chancia NYINGUEMA 
Published: November 2021

L’exploitation du thon au Gabon fait l’objet d’une pêche sous accords privés ou de partenariats depuis plusieurs décennies. Aujourd’hui, avec la prise en compte du domaine maritime dans le Programme Stratégique Gabon Emergent (PSGE), cadre de référence des politiques publiques depuis 2009, la pêche thonière suscite un intérêt soutenu de la part de l’État. Ce dernier ambitionne de renforcer les contrôles en mer, dans la perspective de développer une filière industrielle locale et de trouver un équilibre durable pour les stocks thoniers. Cet article met exergue la problématique de « l’or bleu » dont la maîtrise constitue une source réelle de protéines animales, de dividendes et de diversification économique. De fait, il est particulièrement question de s’appesantir sur les thons tropicaux dont la production est l’apanage des seuls armateurs étrangers. À partir des documents de référence et des données de terrain, la présente contribution se donne l’ambition d’analyser l’organisation de la filière thonière dans son ensemble, d’identifier les dérives qui s’en suivent, mais aussi, de penser les mécanismes favorables à la mise en place d’une industrie du thon au Gabon.
Nurses’s knowledge and attitude in facing potential landslide disasters
Authors: Karenhadi Dwi Wahyu Sani S , Pratiwi Indah Dwi , Herlianita Risa , Wahyuningsih Indri 
Published: November 2021

Landslide is one of the natural disasters which cause not only infrastructure damage but also death. Nurses have a role in disaster management at the phase of mitigation to rehabilitation during landslide disasters. This study is aimed to analyze nurses' knowledge and attitudes in the face of future landslide disasters. A quantitative method with a descriptive design was used in the study. The respondents in this study were 20 nurses who work at one rural community health center in Malang. Data were collected using a questionnaire. From the current research, most respondents had been involved in disaster emergency response activities (85%), had good knowledge (75%), and all nurses (100%) had a positive attitude towards landslide disaster preparedness. From this current study, nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards preparedness for facing landslides might be essential to build more awareness among nurses in preparing the community in facing landslides; thus, the impact of the disaster could be decreased.