bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of chest computed tomography imaging for COVID-19 based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Xue , Zhu Yunxian , Zhu Yi , Liu Jingzhe , Zeng Xiantao , Li Hongjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The computed tomography (CT) diagnostic value of COVID-19 is controversial. We summarized the value of chest CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19 through a meta-analysis based on the reference standard.

Methods
All Chinese and English studies related to the diagnostic value of CT for COVID-19 across multiple publication platforms, was searched for and collected. Studies quality evaluation and plotting the risk of bias were estimated. A heterogeneity test and meta-analysis, including plotting sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe) forest plots, pooled positive likelihood ratio (+LR), negative likelihood ratio (-LR), dignostic odds ratio (DOR) values and 95% confidence interval (CI), were estimated. If there was a threshold effect, summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC) was further plotted. Pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and 95% CI were also calculated.

Results
Twenty diagnostic studies that represented a total of 9004 patients were included from 20 pieces of literatures after assessing all the aggregated studies. The reason for heterogeneity was caused by the threshold effect, so the AUROC = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94) for chest CT of COVID-19. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, +LR, -LR from 20 studies were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88–0.94), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.59–0.80), 3.1(95% CI: 2.2–4.4), 0.12 (95% CI: 0.09–0.17), separately. The I2 was 85.6% (P = 0.001) by Q-test.

Conclusions
The results of this study showed that CT diagnosis of COVID-19 was close to the reference standard. The diagnostic value of chest CT may be further enhanced if there is a unified COVID-19 diagnostic standard. However, please pay attention to rational use of CT.

Graphic Abstract
The α-dystrobrevins play a key role in maintaining the structure and function of the extracellular matrix–significance for protein elimination failure arteriopathies
Authors: Sharp Matthew MacGregor , Cassidy Jordan , Thornton Thomas , Lyles James , Keable Abby , Gatherer Maureen , Yasui Masato , Abe Yoichiro , Shibata Shinsuke , Weller Roy O. , Górecki Dariusz C. , Carare Roxana O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) of the cerebral vasculature provides a pathway for the flow of interstitial fluid (ISF) and solutes out of the brain by intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD). Failure of IPAD leads to protein elimination failure arteriopathies such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The ECM consists of a complex network of glycoproteins and proteoglycans that form distinct basement membranes (BM) around different vascular cell types. Astrocyte endfeet that are localised against the walls of blood vessels are tethered to these BMs by dystrophin associated protein complex (DPC). Alpha-dystrobrevin (α-DB) is a key dystrophin associated protein within perivascular astrocyte endfeet; its deficiency leads to a reduction in other dystrophin associated proteins, loss of AQP4 and altered ECM. In human dementia cohorts there is a positive correlation between dystrobrevin gene expression and CAA. In the present study, we test the hypotheses that (a) the positive correlation between dystrobrevin gene expression and CAA is associated with elevated expression of α-DB at glial-vascular endfeet and (b) a deficiency in α-DB results in changes to the ECM and failure of IPAD. We used human post-mortem brain tissue with different severities of CAA and transgenic α-DB deficient mice. In human post-mortem tissue we observed a significant increase in vascular α-DB with CAA (CAA vrs. Old p < 0.005, CAA vrs. Young p < 0.005). In the mouse model of α-DB deficiency, there was early modifications to vascular ECM (collagen IV and BM thickening) that translated into reduced IPAD efficiency. Our findings highlight the important role of α-DB in maintaining structure and function of ECM, particularly as a pathway for the flow of ISF and solutes out of the brain by IPAD.
Are only floods with large discharges threatening? Flood characteristics evolution in the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Liu Suning , Zheng Yi , Feng Lian , Chen Ji , Lakshmi Venkataraman , Shi Haiyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the evolution of flood risk in the Yangtze River Basin under climate change, which is a critical issue for socioeconomic development in future. In this study, we (1) compared the 1998 and 2020 floods and found that the destructiveness of a given discharge is now greater than before; (2) revealed three issues related to the above finding; and (3) prospected the future development of up-to-date technologies to better address the issue that floods with high water levels will frequently threaten us. The outcomes of this study would be of great significance to future flood control operation of large river basins.
Placement of sutures for inside-out meniscal repair: both sutures through meniscal tissue reduces displacement on cyclical loading
Authors: Yamakawa Satoshi , Mae Tatsuo , Ogasawara Issei , Hirose Takehito , Konda Shoji , Nakata Ken 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The inside-out meniscal repair is widely performed to preserve the function of meniscus. In this technique, the outer suture is passed through the capsule as well as the outer meniscus, while the inner suture is inserted into the meniscus. The aim of this study was to biomechanically compare the suture stability between meniscus-meniscus and meniscus-capsule suture methods for the longitudinal meniscal tear with inside-out technique.

Methods
Twenty-seven porcine knees were dissected to maintain the femur-medial capsule/meniscus-tibia complex, and the inner meniscus was cut off along the meniscus circumferential fiber with 3 mm width of the peripheral meniscus preserved. After one needle with a 2-0 polyester suture was inserted into the inner portion of the meniscus, the other needle was inserted through 1) the peripheral meniscus (Group A), 2) capsule just above the meniscus (Group B), and 3) capsule at 10 mm apart from the meniscus-capsule junction (Group C) in the inside-out manner. Then, the suture was manually tied on the capsule. The suture gap at the repair site during 300 times of cyclic loading and the ultimate failure load in the load-to-failure test were measured. The statistical significance of the data between two groups in each combination was considered by Bonferroni correction, following a one-way analysis of variance.

Results
In the cyclic loading test, the suture gap was 0.68 ± 0.26 mm in Group A, 1.08 ± 0.36 mm in Group B, and 1.94 ± 0.57 mm in Group C with a significant difference. In the load-to-failure test, the ultimate failure load was 59.1 ± 13.6 N in Group A, 60.0 ± 7.9 N in Group B, and 57.4 ± 4.7 N in Group C, and there was no significant difference.

Conclusion
The stitching region in the inside-out technique for longitudinal meniscal tear affected the stability of the tear site, and stitching the mid-substance region of the meniscus provides good stability in response to cyclic tensile loading. In addition, the stitching region did not affect the ultimate failure load.

Clinical relevance
In the inside-out meniscal repair, the outer suture should be inserted into the remaining peripheral meniscus or the capsule near the meniscus.
Hidden ileostomy as a rescue procedure in major colorectal surgeries: a novel technique to prevent re-laparotomy in anastomotic leak cases
Authors: Ezzy Mohsen , Elshafei Moustafa , Hamdi Khalid , Kraus Thomas , Heinz Peter , Svoboda Michael , Fleischer Katrin , Grimm Kersten , Berkhoff Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Anastomotic leak is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of patients worldwide, and it has remained stable over the last years. Routine construction of protective ileostomy is associated with stoma and negatively affects patients’ quality of life. Developing another technique to minimize those drawbacks with at least the same clinical success can help patients with anastomotic leak. We present the novel technique “Hidden Ileostomy” as an alternative to protective ileostomy that can achieve that balance.

Materials and methods
Eight patients presented to our department underwent the novel technique “Hidden Ileostomy” as a rescue procedure for different reasons. The associated risk factors and clinical scenarios, together with the follow-up data, are presented.

Results
For the eight cases in this study, one patient was ASA grade 1, 3 patients were classified as ASA grade 2, and 4 were grade 3. The mean ± SD operative time and blood loss were 196.3 ± 16.4 min and 325 ± 204.6 ml, respectively. The hidden ileostomy was removed after an average of 8 days. Only Case 6 reported an anastomotic leak on a postoperative day 10.

Conclusion
A hidden ileostomy is an alternative and feasible technique in selected cases in colorectal surgery. This technique could be adopted in our practice instead of routine instruction of ileostomy, especially in the equivocal anastomosis.
The Code Silver Exercise: a low-cost simulation alternative to prepare hospitals for an active shooter event
Authors: Kim Julie J. , Howes Daniel , Forristal Chantal , Willmore Andrew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMass-shooting incidents have been increasing in recent years and Code Silver—the hospital response to a person with a weapon such as an active shooter in many Provinces or States in North America—is quickly shifting from a theoretical safety measure to a realistic scenario for which hospitals must prepare their staff. A Code Silver Exercise (CSE) involving an independent mental practice exercise with written responses to scenarios and questions, followed by a facilitated debrief with all participants, was conceptualized and trialled for feasibility and efficacy. The CSE was piloted as a quality improvement and emergency preparedness initiative in three different settings including in situ within a hospital Emergency Department or Intensive Care Unit, offsite in a large conference room workshop, and online via virtual platform. These sessions took place in 4 different cities in Canada and included 3 academic teaching hospitals. Participants of the in situ and virtual CSE completed pre- and post-simulation surveys which showed improved understanding of Code Silver protocols following participation.The CSE is a reproducible simulation alternative, designed to operationalize a Code Silver policy at a large healthcare institution in a sustainable way. This training model can be administered in multiple settings in-person (in situ or offsite), and virtually, making it versatile and easily accessible for participants. This exercise enables participants to mentally rehearse practical responses to an active shooter in their unique work environments and to discuss ethical and medical-legal implications of their responses during a facilitated debrief with fellow healthcare providers. Implementation of a CSE for training in hospitals may help staff to create a mental schema prior to an active shooter event, and thus indirectly improve the chances of survivability in the event of a real active shooter situation.
Bicyclist-evoked arousal and greater attention to bicyclists independently promote safer driving
Authors: Kim Andy Jeesu , Alambeigi Hananeh , Goddard Tara , McDonald Anthony D. , Anderson Brian A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile attention has consistently been shown to be biased toward threatening objects in experimental settings, our understanding of how attention is modulated when the observer is in an anxious or aroused state and how this ultimately affects behavior is limited. In real-world environments, automobile drivers can sometimes carry negative perceptions toward bicyclists that share the road. It is unclear whether bicyclist encounters on a roadway lead to physiological changes and attentional biases that ultimately influence driving behavior. Here, we examined whether participants in a high-fidelity driving simulator exhibited an arousal response in the presence of a bicyclist and how this modulated eye movements and driving behavior. We hypothesized that bicyclists would evoke a robust arousal and orienting response, the strength of which would be associated with safer driving behavior. The results revealed that encountering a bicyclist evoked negative arousal by both self-report and physiological measures. Physiological and eye-tracking measures were themselves unrelated, however, being independently associated with safer driving behavior. Our findings offer a real-world demonstration of how arousal and attentional prioritization can lead to adaptive behavior.
“Wild fish are a blessing”: changes in fishing practices and folk fish cuisine around Laguna Lake, Northern Philippines
Authors: Mendoza Jimlea Nadezhda , Mattalia Giulia , Prūse Baiba , Kochalski Sophia , Ciriaco Aimee , Pieroni Andrea , Sõukand Renata 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral coastal communities rely heavily on wild-caught fish for personal consumption and their livelihoods, thus being sensitive to the rapid global change affecting fish availability. However, in the last century, aquaculture has been increasingly adopted. To understand the uses and changes of wild-caught fish, we conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with fishers of Laguna Lake, Philippines. Fishermen, with up to 60 years’ experience, reported catching 31 fish species as a staple food. The taxa with the greatest variety of food uses were the farmedOreochromis aureus,and the wildChanna striataandCyprinus carpio. Fish was boiled, fried, grilled and dried, and over 20 different local dishes were reported. Fishers reported that local communities previously relied more on wild fish, while today a greater proportion of consumed fish comes from aquaculture fish species such asOreochromis aureusandHypophthalmichthys nobilis. Wild fish remains a crucial aspect of local gastronomic diversity, underpinning the biodiversity of the Laguna Lake, while also representing an important element for food sovereignty. The study stresses the need to sustain local ecological knowledge to ensure the ecological, social and economic sustainability of the communities.
Distributed Kalman filter for UWB/INS integrated pedestrian localization under colored measurement noise
Authors: Xu Yuan , Cao Jing , Shmaliy Yuriy S. , Zhuang Yuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColored Measurement Noise (CMN) has a great impact on the accuracy of human localization in indoor environments with Inertial Navigation System (INS) integrated with Ultra Wide Band (UWB). To mitigate its influence, a distributed Kalman Filter (dKF) is developed for Gauss–Markov CMN with switching Colouredness Factor Matrix (CFM). In the proposed scheme, a data fusion filter employs the difference between the INS- and UWB-based distance measurements. The main filter produces a final optimal estimate of the human position by fusing the estimates from local filters. The effect of CMN is overcome by using measurement differencing of noisy observations. The tests show that the proposed dKF developed for CMN with CFM can reduce the localization error compared to the original dKF, and thus effectively improve the localization accuracy.
Clinico-epidemiological profile and treatment outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus following docetaxel-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy: experience from a cancer care center in Northeast India
Authors: Roy Partha Sarathi , Kumar Gaurav , Mallik Sreya , Sarangi Satya Sadhan , Saikia Bhargab Jyoti , Hazarika Munlima , Talukdar Abhijit 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus ranks as the most common cause of cancer incidence and mortality in males and the second most common in females. Surgery alone is associated with poor long-term survival. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation and perioperative chemotherapy without radiation have been tried to improve survival rates.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the neoadjuvant chemotherapy in forty-eight patients with non-metastatic, non-cervical squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with a docetaxel-based three-drug regimen to improve complete pathological response rates.

Results
The median age of presentation was 52 years, with male preponderance. All the patients received three cycles of docetaxel-cisplatin-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. A complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was seen in 8 patients (17%). Rates of grade 3 hematological toxicities were seen in 12% of patients, with no observed grade 4 toxicity. The most common non-hematological toxicity was grade 3 alopecia (seen in 40%) and grade 2 nausea/vomiting in 8% of patients. At a median follow-up of 26.5 months, 2-year survival for the patients receiving chemotherapy and surgery is 66%.

Conclusions
Preoperative chemotherapy with a taxane-based triple-drug regimen is a reasonable approach in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, associated with improvement in complete pathological response rates, increases complete resection rates, with manageable toxicity.
Role of multi-parametric MRI in the differentiation between mucinous breast carcinoma and fibroadenoma
Authors: Bayoumi Dalia , Sakrana Amal , Abdelhalim Ebrahim , Alnaghy Eman 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and functional MRI (diffusion and MR spectroscopy) using the latest MRI breast imaging reporting and data system (MRI-BIRADS) descriptors and non-BIRADS items for differentiation of mucinous breast carcinomas from fibroadenomas.

Methods
We included 19 cases of mucinous breast carcinoma and 37 cases of fibroadenoma. DCE-MRI, Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) and multi-voxel MR spectroscopy (MRS) were done, MRI-BIRADS (5th edition) analysis of the lesions was performed, and histopathological examination of all cases was done.

Results
According to univariate analysis, mucinous carcinoma was frequently detected in older age-group (COR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1–1.7 and p value < 0.001) and had more frequent irregular borders and non-circumscribed margins than fibroadenoma (COR = 11.6, 95% CI = 2–66.4 and p value  = 0.002). All mucinous carcinoma had high T2 signal. Fibroadenomas had more frequent homogenous enhancement than mucinous carcinoma; none of the fibroadenomas had rim enhancement nor enhancing internal septations; mucinous carcinoma had more frequent rim enhancement and (n = 6, p value  < 0.001) and enhancing internal septations (n = 7, p value  < 0.001). Fibroadenoma had frequent dark non-enhancing internal septations than mucinous carcinoma (p value  < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, mucinous carcinoma had significant combination of being common in older age, larger in size, with irregular shape, and non-circumscribed margins. On ADC map and MRS, mucinous carcinoma had higher ADC values and higher CHO.SNR than fibroadenoma. The mean ADC value of mucinous carcinoma was 1.3 ± 0.1 × 10−3mm2/s, which was significantly higher than that of fibroadenoma (1.1 ± 0.1 × 10−3mm2/s), with p = 0.002. Also, the mean CHO.SNR was significantly higher in mucinous carcinoma (3.1 ± 0.8) than fibroadenoma (0.8 ± 0.5) with p value  < 0.001. According to our results, the presence of type 3 (washout curve), dark internal septations, non-circumscribed margins and irregular shape of the lesion showed the highest sensitivity and accuracy for differentiation of mucinous carcinomas and fibroadenomas (100, 78.6%), (89.4, 82%), (86.5, 80.3%) and (81, 71.4%), respectively.

Conclusion
The combined use of DCE-MRI, DW-MRI and MRS with breast MRI-BIRADS descriptors and non-BIRADS items increases the diagnostic accuracy for differentiation of mucinous carcinomas from fibroadenomas.
Anesthetic Effects on the Progression of Parkinson Disease in the Rat DJ-1 Model
Authors: Xu Daniel A. , DeYoung Timothy P. , Kondoleon Nicholas P. , Eckenhoff Roderic G. , Eckenhoff Maryellen F. 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:
Parkinson disease is a chronic and progressive movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The causes of Parkinson disease are not clear but may involve genetic susceptibilities and environmental factors. As in other neurodegenerative disorders, individuals predisposed to Parkinson disease may have an accelerated onset of symptoms following perioperative stress such as anesthesia, surgery, pain, and inflammation. We hypothesized that anesthesia alone accelerates the onset of Parkinson disease–like pathology and symptoms.

METHODS:
A presymptomatic Parkinson rat model (the protein, DJ-1, encoded by the Park7 gene [DJ-1], PARK7 knockout) was exposed to a surgical plane of isoflurane or 20% oxygen balanced with nitrogen for 2 hours on 3 occasions between 6 and 7 months of age. Acute and long-term motor and neuropathological effects were examined from 7 to 12 months of age in male DJ-1 rats, using the ladder rung, rotarod, and novel object recognition assays, as well as the immunohistochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (Iba-1) microglial activation in the substantia nigra and hippocampus.

RESULTS:
In the acute group, after the third anesthetic exposure at 7 months of age, the isoflurane group had a significant reduction in the density of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc compared to controls. However, this reduction was not associated with increased microglial activation in the hippocampus or substantia nigra. With the ladder rung motor skills test, there was no effect of anesthetic exposure on the total number of foot faults or the ladder rung pattern in the acute group. The rotarod test also detected no differences before and after the third exposure in controls. For the long-term group, immunohistochemical analyses detected no differences in the density of dopaminergic neurons or microglial cells compared to unexposed DJ-1 rats from 8 to 12 months of age. The ladder rung test in the long-term group showed no differences in the total number of foot faults with time and exposure or between ladder rung patterns. The rotarod test detected no significant effect of exposure with time or between groups at any time point. The novel object recognition task in the long-term group revealed no differences in short- or long-term memory or in the number of rearings as a function of exposure.

CONCLUSIONS:
Multiple isoflurane exposures in this rat model of Parkinson disease transiently enhanced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the SNpc that resolved over time and had no effects on progression in this Parkinson disease–like phenotype.