bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structured Robust Submodular Maximization: Offline and Online Algorithms
Authors: Torrico Alfredo , Singh Mohit , Pokutta Sebastian , Haghtalab Nika , Naor Joseph (Seffi) , Anari Nima 
Published: February 2021

Constrained submodular function maximization has been used in subset selection problems such as selection of most informative sensor locations. Although these models have been quite popular, the solutions obtained via this approach are unstable to perturbations in data defining the submodular functions. Robust submodular maximization has been proposed as a richer model that aims to overcome this discrepancy as well as increase the modeling scope of submodular optimization. In this work, we consider robust submodular maximization with structured combinatorial constraints and give efficient algorithms with provable guarantees. Our approach is applicable to constraints defined by single or multiple matroids and knapsack as well as distributionally robust criteria. We consider both the offline setting where the data defining the problem are known in advance and the online setting where the input data are revealed over time. For the offline setting, we give a general (nearly) optimal bicriteria approximation algorithm that relies on new extensions of classical algorithms for submodular maximization. For the online version of the problem, we give an algorithm that returns a bicriteria solution with sublinear regret.Summary of Contribution: Constrained submodular maximization is one of the core areas in combinatorial optimization with a wide variety of applications in operations research and computer science. Over the last decades, both communities have been interested on the design and analysis of new algorithms with provable guarantees. Sensor location, influence maximization and data summarization are some of the applications of submodular optimization that lie at the intersection of the aforementioned communities. Particularly, our work focuses on optimizing several submodular functions simultaneously. We provide new insights and algorithms to the offline and online variants of the problem which significantly expand the related literature. At the same time, we provide a computational study that supports our theoretical results.
CAOS spectral imager design and advanced high dynamic range FDMA–TDMA CAOS mode
Authors: Mazhar Mohsin A. , Riza Nabeel A. 
Published: February 2021

A CAOS line camera is introduced for spectral imaging of one-dimensional (1D) or line targets. The proposed spectral camera uses both a diffraction grating as well as a cylindrical lens optics system to provide line imaging along the line pixels’ direction of the image axis and Fourier transform operations in the orthogonal direction to provide optical spectrum analysis of the line pixels. The imager incorporates a coded access optical sensor (CAOS) structure based on a digital micromirror device (DMD). The design includes a line-by-line scan option to enable 2D spectral imaging. Line style spectral imaging using a 2850 K color temperature white light target illumination source along with visible band color bandpass filters and a moving mechanical pinhole is demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to simulate a line target with individual pixels in 1D that have unique spectral content. A

∼

412

to

∼

732

n
m

input target spectrum is measured using a

38

×
52

CAOS pixel spatial sampling grid providing a test image line of 38 pixels, with each pixel providing a designed spectral resolution of

∼

6.2

n
m

. The spectral image is generated using the robust code division multiple access (CDMA) mode of the camera. Then, for what we believe is the first time, the high dynamic range (HDR) operation of the frequency division multiple access–time division multiple access (FDMA–TDMA) mode of the CAOS camera is demonstrated. The FDMA–TDMA mode also features HDR recovery like the frequency modulation TDMA (FM–TDMA) mode, although at a much faster imaging rate and a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as more than one CAOS pixel is extracted at a time. Experiments successfully demonstrate 66 dB HDR target recovery using both FDMA–TDMA and FM–TDMA modes, with the FDMA–TDMA mode operating at an encoding speed eight times faster than the FM–TDMA mode, given that eight FM channels are used for the FDMA–TDMA mode. The CAOS spectral imager can be used to image both full spectrum stationary line targets as well as spectrally map 2D targets using line scanning methods. The demonstrated FDMA–TDMA CAOS mode is suited for improved speed and SNR linear HDR imaging.
Enhancing the efficiency of solution-processed inverted quantum dot light-emitting diodes via ligand modification with 6-mercaptohexanol
Authors: Lee Woosuk , Lee Changmin , Kim Boram , Choi Yonghyeok , Chae Heeyeop 
Published: February 2021

In this Letter, the surface hydrophilicity of the quantum dot (QD) emitting layer (EML) was modified via a ligand exchange to prevent QD EML damage upon hole transport layer (HTL) deposition for all-solution-processed inverted QD-light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). The conventional hydrophobic oleic acid ligand (OA-QDs) was partially replaced with a hydrophilic 6-mercaptohexanol (OH-QDs) through a one-pot ligand exchange. Owing to this replacement, the contact angle of a water droplet on the OH-QD films was reduced to 71.7° from 89.5° on the OA-QD films, indicating the conversion to hydrophilic hydroxyl ligands. The OH-QD EML maintained its integrity without any noticeable damage, even after HTL deposition, enabling all-solution processing for inverted QLEDs with well-organized multilayers. Inverted QLEDs with the OH-QD EMLs were compared with those with OA-QD EMLs; the maximum current efficiency of the device with the OH-QD EML significantly improved to 39.0 cd

A

−
1

from 5.3 cd

A

−
1

, and the peak external quantum efficiency improved to 9.3% from 1.2%, which is a seven-fold increase over the OA-QD device. This approach is believed to be effective for forming solid QD films with resistance to chlorobenzene, a representative HTL solvent, and consequently contributes to high-efficiency all-solution-processed inverted QLEDs.
Modulation of MXene Nb2CTx saturable absorber for passively Q-switched 2.85 µm Er:Lu2O3laser
Authors: Feng Chenyang , Qiao Wenchao , Liu Yizhou , Huang Jiacheng , Liang Yangyang , Zhao Yuefeng , Song Yuzhi , Li Tao 
Published: February 2021

We proposed a passively stabilized Q-switched

E
r

:

L
u

2

O

3

laser at 2845 nm, applying a MXene

N
b

2

C
T

x

nanosheets saturable absorber prepared by the liquid-phase exfoliation method. The surface morphology and nonlinear properties of this nanosheet were systematically characterized. Average output power of 542 mW for the Q-switched laser was obtained under 7.26 W of absorbed pump power. Meanwhile, the Q-switched pulse duration was measured to be 223.7 ns with 142.9 kHz repetition rate corresponding to a peak power of 16.96 W.
All-optical neuromorphic binary convolution with a spiking VCSEL neuron for image gradient magnitudes
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Robertson Joshua , Xiang Shuiying , Hejda Matěj , Bueno Julián , Hurtado Antonio 
Published: February 2021

All-optical binary convolution with a photonic spiking vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) neuron is proposed and demonstrated experimentally for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Optical inputs, extracted from digital images and temporally encoded using rectangular pulses, are injected in the VCSEL neuron, which delivers the convolution result in the number of fast (

<
100

ps

long) spikes fired. Experimental and numerical results show that binary convolution is achieved successfully with a single spiking VCSEL neuron and that all-optical binary convolution can be used to calculate image gradient magnitudes to detect edge features and separate vertical and horizontal components in source images. We also show that this all-optical spiking binary convolution system is robust to noise and can operate with high-resolution images. Additionally, the proposed system offers important advantages such as ultrafast speed, high-energy efficiency, and simple hardware implementation, highlighting the potentials of spiking photonic VCSEL neurons for high-speed neuromorphic image processing systems and future photonic spiking convolutional neural networks.
Incoherent imaging through highly nonstatic and optically thick turbid media based on neural network
Authors: Zheng Shanshan , Wang Hao , Dong Shi , Wang Fei , Situ Guohai 
Published: February 2021

Imaging through nonstatic scattering media is one of the major challenges in optics, and encountered in imaging through dense fog, turbid water, and many other situations. Here, we propose a method to achieve single-shot incoherent imaging through highly nonstatic and optically thick turbid media by using an end-to-end deep neural network. In this study, we use fat emulsion suspensions in a glass tank as a turbid medium and an additional incoherent light to introduce strong interference noise. We calibrate that the optical thickness of the tank of turbid media is as high as 16, and the signal-to-interference ratio is as low as

−
17

dB

. Experimental results show that the proposed learning-based approach can reconstruct the object image with high fidelity in this severe environment.
Malaria and helminth co-infections in children living in endemic countries: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Afolabi Muhammed O. , Ale Boni M. , Dabira Edgard D. , Agbla Schadrac C. , Bustinduy Amaya L. , Ndiaye Jean Louis A. , Greenwood Brian 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundCurrent knowledge on the burden of, and interactions between malaria and helminth co-infections, as well as the impact of the dual infections on anaemia, remains inconclusive. We have conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to update current knowledge as a first step towards developing and deploying coordinated approaches to the control and, ultimately, elimination of malaria-helminth co-infections among children living in endemic countries.Methodology/Principal findingsWe searched Medline, Embase, Global Health and Web of Science from each database inception until 16 March 2020, for peer-reviewed articles reporting malaria-helminth co-infections in children living in endemic countries. No language restriction was applied. Following removal of duplicates, two reviewers independently screened the studies for eligibility. We used the summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as a measure of association (random-effects model). We also performed Chi-square heterogeneity test based on Cochrane’s Q and evaluated the severity of heterogeneity using I2statistics. The included studies were examined for publication bias using a funnel plot and statistical significance was assessed using Egger’s test (bias if p<0.1).Fifty-five of the 3,507 citations screened were eligible, 28 of which had sufficient data for meta-analysis. The 28 studies enrolled 22, 114 children in 13 countries across sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and South America. Overall, the pooled estimates showed a prevalence ofPlasmodium-helminth co-infections of 17.7% (95% CI 12.7–23.2%). Summary estimates from 14 studies showed a lower odds ofP.falciparuminfection in children co-infected withSchistosoma spp(OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.37–1.16). Similar lower odds ofP.falciparuminfection were observed from the summary estimates of 24 studies in children co-infected with soil transmitted helminths (STH) (OR: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.28–0.64).When adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status, nutritional status and geographic location of the children, the risk ofP.falciparuminfection in children co-infected with STH was higher compared with children who did not have STH infection (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.03–1.65).A subset of 16 studies showed that the odds of anaemia were higher in children co-infected withPlasmodiumand STH than in children withPlasmodiuminfection alone (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.59–2.45), and were almost equal in children co-infected withPlasmodium-Schistosoma spporPlasmodiuminfection alone (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.30–3.14).Conclusions/SignificanceThe current review suggests that prevalence of malaria-helminth co-infection is high in children living in endemic countries. The nature of the interactions between malaria and helminth infection and the impact of the co-infection on anaemia remain inconclusive and may be modulated by the immune responses of the affected children.
Prevalence of malaria and associated factors among under-five children in Sherkole refugee camp, Benishangul-Gumuz region, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Abdulmuneim , Mulatu Kebadnew , Elfu Berhanu 
Published: February 2021

Background
Under-five year children are the most vulnerable group affected by malaria, they accounted for 61% of all malaria deaths worldwide. Sherkole refugee camp is stratified under high risk for malaria. Knowledge on malaria prevalence and associated factors among under-five children in Sherkole refugee camp is lacking.

Methods and materials
Institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among under-five children in Sherkole refugee camp from October to November 2019. Total sample size was 356. Stratified random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. Care StartTM Malaria Rapid diagnostic test which detect histidine-rich protein 2 of P. falciparum and plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase of P. vivax was used to diagnose malaria. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with malaria.

Results
A total of 356 participants were included in this study with response rate of 97.5%. The prevalence malaria was 3.9% (95% CI = 2.0–6.2). Outdoor stay at night (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.14–13.8), stagnant water near to house (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.14–14.6), and the number of under-five children per household (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.03–13.0) were found to increase the odds of getting malaria. Whereas, insecticide treated net (ITN)utilization (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.06–0.61) and Health information about malaria (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.06–0.65) reduce the odds of getting malaria.

Conclusions and recommendations
Malaria remains the major public health problem in Sherkole Refugee camp. Outdoor stay at night, stagnant water near to house, and number of under-five children per household were the risk factors for malaria. Health information dissemination that focuses on avoiding outdoor stay at night, eliminating stagnant water & using ITN, and considering number of under-five children per household during ITN distribution should be take into account.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 among health professionals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lake Eyasu Alem , Demissie Birhanu Wondimeneh , Gebeyehu Natneal Atnafu , Wassie Addisu Yeshambel , Gelaw Kelemu Abebe , Azeze Gedion Asnake 
Published: February 2021

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic on 11th March, 2020. In Ethiopia, more than 90,490 and 1,300 confirmed cases and deaths were reported by the Federal Ministry of Health at the time of writing up this project. As health care providers are frontline workers managing the COVID-19 pandemic, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the pooled level of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 among health professionals in Ethiopia.

Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and African Journal of Online (AJOL) were searched. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA version 14. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot and more objectively through Egger’s regression test, with P < 0.05 considered to indicate potential publication bias. The heterogeneity of studies was checked using I2 statistics. Pooled analysis was conducted using a weighted inverse variance random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was done related to geographic region and time. A leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was also employed.

Result
A total of 11 studies with 3,843 study participants for knowledge, eight studies with 2,842 study participants for attitude and 10 studies with 3, 435 study participants for practice were used to estimate the pooled level of good knowledge, positive attitude and poor practice among health professionals. The overall estimated good level of knowledge, positive attitude and poor practice towards COVID-19 was found to be 79.4% (95% CI: 73.5%-85.2%; I2 = 96%), 73.7% (95%CI: 63.09%-84.4%; I2 = 98.3%) and 40.3% (95%CI: 31.1%-49.6%; I2 = 97.1%) respectively.

Conclusion
Study findings showed that there were significant gaps in COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude and practice with respect to World Health Organization recommendations on COVID-19 management and personal protection practices. This study therefore recommends that institutions provide with immediate effect accurate and up-to-date information on COVID-19 and training that encourages improved knowledge, attitude and practice to mitigate this pandemic.
Associations of socio-demographic characteristics, well-being, school absenteeism, and substance use with recreational nitrous oxide use among adolescents: A cross-sectional study
Authors: van den Toren Suzanne J. , van Grieken Amy , Raat Hein 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
A rapid increase of recreational nitrous oxide use (i.e. laughing gas, N2O) has been reported in several countries, while it has received limited attention in scientific research. We aimed to study the association of socio-demographic characteristics, mental well-being, sickness absence, truancy, and substance use with the frequency of lifetime nitrous oxide use among adolescents.

Methods
We used self-reported questionnaire data of adolescents (N = 555) attending secondary schools to cross-sectionally assess the frequency of nitrous oxide use and potential factors associated with nitrous oxide use, such as gender, mental well-being, and binge drinking. Ordinal logistic regression models were applied with lifetime nitrous oxide use (never, once, ≥ two times) as the outcome variable.

Results
Adolescents were on average 15.6 years old (SD = 0.83, range 14–18), 47.0% were female. In total, 86 (15.6%) adolescents had used nitrous oxide at least once in their life.
In the multivariable ordinal regression model, the risk of having a higher category of lifetime nitrous oxide use was associated with a non-Dutch ethnic background (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.22; 3.61), attending pre-vocational education (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.06; 3.34), a higher score on the scale of externalizing problems (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01; 1.20), binge drinking twice or more in the past four weeks (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.25; 4.94), and cannabis use (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.03; 3.79).

Conclusions
Youth Health Care professionals should be aware of nitrous oxide use in adolescents, especially among adolescents with a non-Dutch ethnic background, lower education levels, externalizing problems, frequent binge drinking, and cannabis use.
Multilingualism and plurilingualism: Language use and education, teaching and proficiency as social and cultural assets in the Dutch golden age
Authors: Frijhoff Willem 
Published: February 2021

Plurilingualism and multilingualism are terms that are often indifferently used. Yet they reflect two distinct practices and dimensions of social and cultural life, i.e.: the individual ability to master and use several languages at the same time, and the coexistence of different languages at a variety of levels and in various settings in a given society. Both reflect different forms of elasticity of the social fabric, and flourish in times of economic prosperity, mass migration and global cultural contacts, whereas they decline in times of contraction and nationalism. As a period of growth, mass migration and cultural flourishing, and of expansion of the educational institutions and opportunities, the Dutch Golden Age (c. 1580-1750) is an excellent observatory for these phenomena, of which I shall sketch a picture, insisting in particular on the cultural aspects of language, such as language acquisition and teaching, language use, and the social meanings of language.
Plastiques Techniques: Analyse de Marché et Méthodes de Recyclage
Authors: Yildizhan Fatih Selim 
Published: February 2021

Les plastiques techniques sont une catégorie de plastiques, principalement utilisés pour des applications haute performance. Contrairement aux plastiques techniques, les plastiques de base sont relativement bon marché et ont des propriétés mécaniques plus faibles.
Cet article compare les plastiques techniques aux plastiques de base et fait une évaluation sur une analyse du marché mondial des plastiques techniques. Les méthodes de recyclage des plastiques techniques ont également été examinées.
(This is the French version of the article
Engineering Plastics: Market Analysis and Recycling Methods ScienceOpen.)
Cost-effectiveness study of treatment with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in adult patients with active ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Dreval R. O. 
Published: February 2021

Objective: to conduct a cost-effectiveness study of major biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) used for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Russian health care system with the focus on the new effective drug netakimab (NTK).Patients and methods. Based on the available meta-analysis, a Markov model for therapy was constructed using reference drugs. Then, based on the simulation results, a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) and a Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) were carried out. The robustness of the result has been confirmed by several sensitivity analyzes.Results and discussion. NTK showed an advantage in CEA, including the cases when the direct costs of therapy were lower for the reference drug (which shows the greater efficacy of NTK). According to the BIA, the extension of NTK administration in naive patients was consistently associated with a decrease in the budgetary burden. Sensitivity analyzes confirmed the robustness of the result.Conclusion. NTK has clinical and economic advantage in the treatment of AS, it is attractive in terms of both patient's and health care benefit in general. More extensive use of NTK can save more than 5 billion RUB.
The risk of fractures and the need for anti-osteoporotic treatment in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Efremova A. О. , Toroptsova N. V. , Dobrovolskaya O. V. , Demin N. V. , Nikitinskaya O. A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective: to estimate the high and very high Frax® 10-year probabilities of fractures in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) to assess the need for anti-osteoporotic treatment.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 136 SSc patients (110 women and 26 men; mean age, 59.3±7.5 years). The patients underwent a questionnaire survey, by calculating the risk of major fractures with the FRAX® algorithm and dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and proximal femur.Results and discussion. There was a very high risk of fractures in 41.2% of the examinees, a high risk in 10.3%, and a low risk in 48.5%. Osteoporosis (OP) in at least one area was detected in 41.2% of the patients. Among the persons with a low risk of fractures, OP was diagnosed in 18.2%, whereas 10.6% had a history of fractures. A total of 65.4% of SSc patients needed anti-osteoporotic treatment.Conclusion. According to the comprehensive assessment, OP treatment and fracture prevention were indicated for 65.4% of SSc patients. The FRAX® algorithm is less informative in males who need therapy than in females.