bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liberal clergy organisations during the 1905-1907 revolution
Authors: Липовецкий Павел Евгеньевич 
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена истории становления организаций либерального духовенства в годы Первой русской революции (1905-1907) Политический кризис, начавшийся в Российской империи в 1905 г., поставил духовенство Православной Церкви перед необходимостью определить свою позицию по ряду общественных вопросов. Значительная часть клириков высказала симпатии либеральному направлению в политике. Наиболее крупные организации либерального духовенства сложились в Санкт-Петербурге и Москве. Сменившая несколько названий, столичная организация, выросшая из группы 32-х пастырей, в определённой степени пользовались поддержкой правящего архиерея - митр. Антония (Вадковского). Клирики имели возможность высказываться на собраниях и со страниц периодической печати. В свою очередь представители московского духовенства объединились на базе «Общества любителей духовного просвещения». Однако вскоре члены Общества вступили в конфликт с митр. Владимиром (Богоявленским), что заставило их искать поддержки у партии «Союз 17 октября». Это привело к созданию независимой от церковного начальства организации, получившей название «Вероисповедная комиссия при Союзе 17 октября». В программном отношении организации либерального духовенства схожи между собой. Первоначальной темой обсуждения в них были вопросы церковного преобразования, но позднее общественные темы приобрели больший вес. В провинции на данный момент объединений либерального духовенства выявить не удалось. Тем не менее прослеживается деятельность отдельных клириков.
The article is devoted to the history of formation of liberal clergy organizations in the years of the First Russian revolution (1905-1907) The political crisis which began in the Russian Empire in 1905 made the Orthodox clergy to define their position on a number of social questions. A large proportion of the clergy expressed sympathy for the liberal trend in politics. The largest organisations of liberal clergy emerged in St Petersburg and Moscow. The organisation in the capital, which had grown out of a group of 32 pastors, had the support of the ruling bishop, Metropolitan Anthony (Vadkovsky), to a certain extent. The clerics were able to speak out at meetings and in the press. Representatives of the Moscow clergy in their turn united on the basis of the 'Society of Lovers of Spiritual Enlightenment'. However, members of the Society soon came into conflict with Metropolitan Vladimir (Bogoyavlensky), which compelled them to seek support from the October 17th Union party. This led to the creation of an organization independent of church authorities called the Faith-Based Commission under the October 17th Union. In programmatic terms, the liberal clergy organizations were similar. Their initial topic of discussion was ecclesiastical conversion, but later social topics acquired greater weight. No liberal clergy associations could be traced in the provinces at present. Nevertheless, the activities of individual clerics can be traced.
Legal Training of Graduates of Theological Schools
Authors: Задорнов Александр 
Published: June 2021

Актуальные программы бакалавриата и магистратуры духовных школ Русской Православной Церкви должны обеспечить, среди прочего, появление целого поколения квалифицированных церковных правоведов. Последние должны быть способны не только представлять актуальные аналитические доклады, исходящие из канонической теории, но и создать ту практику правоприменения, которая позволит развиваться каноническому праву в будущем. В настоящей статье рассматриваются возможности и перспективы повышения правовой подготовки студентов духовных школ, а также первоочередные задачи для этой работы.
The actual programs of undergraduate and master’s studies of theological schools of the Russian Orthodox Church should ensure, among other things, the emergence of a whole generation of qualified Church legal scholars. The latter should be able not only to present rel evant analytical reports emanating from canonical theory, but also to create the practice of en forcement that will allow the development of canon law in the future. This article examines the possibilities and prospects for improving the legal training of students of theological schools, as well as the priorities for this work.
The Influence of the Process of Changing National Identity on the Aggravation of Relations Between the Church and the State in Montenegro
Authors: Сапсай Николай 
Published: June 2021

В данном обзоре будет представлен труд, в котором анализируется развитие тенденции черногорских властей к сепаратизму совместно с формированием своей идентичности и церкви. В книге особенно прослеживается радикализация позиции черногорских властей по отношению к сербской идентичности и культуре, в том числе и канонической Сербской Православной Церкви. Также читатeли получат более полную картину о событиях, которые способствовали усложнению взаимоотношений между Церковью и государством в Черногории. Книга будет полезна всем тем, кто интересуется новейшей историей и положением дел в Черногории.
This review will present a book that analyzes the development of the Montenegrin authorities’ tendency towards separatism together with the formation of their own identity and church. The book especially traces the radicalization of the position of the Montenegrin authorities in relation to Serbian identity and culture, including the canonical Serbian Orthodox Church. Also, the readers will receive a more complete picture of the events that contributed to the complication of the relationship between the Church and the state in Montenegro. The book will be useful to all those who are interested in the latest history and the state of affairs in Montenegro.
Environmental Protection under Authoritarian Regimes in Cold War Chile and Hungary
Authors: Pál Viktor , Perez Leonardo Valenzuela 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Authoritarian regimes are often seen to be hostile toward the environment, albeit there is a growing body of literature suggesting a more nuanced image when it comes to authoritarian governments and the environment. However, several aspects of human-nature relationship need further clarification in non-democratic systems, both on the political left and right. In this article we aim to address that challenge by analysing Cold War economic and environmental goals and responses of the right-wing military junta in Chile under Pinochet and the Hungarian state-socialist, USSR-satellite regime under Kádár. By analysing two radically different political and economic approaches to economic catchup, while mitigating environmental costs on the way, this study aims to understand better the ecological motivations in authoritarian regimes operating diverse political and economic agendas.
PELATIHAN DAN PEMAHAMAN PEMASARAN PRODUK MENUJU ENTREPRENUER MUDA YANG KREATIF DAN INOVATIF KEPADA KARANG TARUNA RW 11 KEL. PENGASINAN, DEPOK, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Lismiatun Lismiatun , Rahman Ana Septiana , Azis Abdul , Ellesia Nindie 
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat adalah untuk melaksanakan salah satu Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. Selain itu agar Karang Taruna RW 11 sebagai generasi muda dapat bermanfaat dan membantu semua Program Pemerintah untuk masyarakat sekitar terutama dalam memberdayakan keaktifan anggotanya berwirausaha mengembangkan potensi wilayah terutama di lingkungan masyarakat RW 11 serta Perguruan Tinggi dapat memberikan kontribusi besar kepada pengembangan dan penerapan keilmuan kepada masyarakat. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah kami melakukan survey dengan mendatangi lokasi serta melakukan wawancara dan observasi kepada anggota Karang Taruna Rw 11, Kelurahan Pengasinan, Kota Depok, Jawa Barat. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat yang diperoleh adalah bertambahnya keilmuan dan pengalaman para anggota Karang Taruna Rw 11 yang selama ini masih minim tentang pemasaran, promosi, manajemen keuangan, supply chain, inventory dan pemanfaatan teknologi digital sehingga mereka memiliki pandangan yang lebih baik lagi tentang pentingnya meningkatkan keilmuan mereka sebagai wirausahawan atau enterepreneur serta mampu menjadi SDM yang berkualitas untuk memasuki dunia kerja karena dan betapa pentingnya meningkatkan kualitas diri mereka untuk menghadapi persaingan pasar global.
Diritto italiano: Diritti civili
Authors:   Redazione
Published: June 2021

1. Tribunale di Brescia 27.5.2009azione civile contro la discriminazionecompetenza collegiale su reclamo avverso2. Tribunale amministrativo regionale Lazio 1.7.2009 n. 6352d.p.c.m. 21.5.2008 "Dichiarazione dello stato di emergenza in relazione agli insediamenti di comunitŕ nomadi nel territorio delle Regioni Campania, Lazio e Lombardia"conformitŕ alla legge 225/1992; ordinanze del Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri n. 3676, 3677, 3678 del 30.5.2008previsione generalizzata dell'identificazione a mezzo rilievi segnaleticiviolazione diritti di libertŕannullamento parziale delle ordinanze; regolamenti adottati dai Commissari della Regione Lazio e del Comune di Milano delegati per l'emergenza nomadidisposizioni che prevedono assegnazione di tesserini di riconoscimento, obbligatorietŕ dei corsi di formazione e inserimenti lavorativi, tassativitŕ orari di visita, ecc.violazione diritti di libertŕ annullamento in parte qua dei regolamenti
Minimization of a Short Computer-Based Test in Reading
Authors: Schurig Michael , Jungjohann Jana , Gebhardt Markus 
Published: June 2021

Formative tests and assessments have high potential in supporting learning, especially for students with special educational needs. One approach to gain assessment information on student learning is to monitor learning progress. For that, multiple repeated tests are often performed by practitioners. In order to be useful in practice, tests must meet various interdependent quality criteria. A property of tests that touches various criteria as the utility and economy is the length. A test has to be long enough to give a meaningful, reliable and comparable measure but short enough to be usable in classroom situations. An approach to evaluate and minimize the length of a computer-based test on sentence comprehension is introduced. It is shown that the test can be shortened from eight to 5 min while the estimation of the student´s abilities remains relatively stable for a random item order and a fixed item order variant. The consequences of test development of progress monitoring and the procedure for test time reduction for the different quality criteria are outlined. An approach to evaluate and minimize the length of a computer-based test by using a one parameter logistic model on a test of sentence comprehension (N = 761) is introduced. The data and the syntax is published in the OSF project https://osf.io/hnbs8/.
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Mixed-Deciduous and Coniferous Forests in Austria
Authors: Jandl Robert , Ledermann Thomas , Kindermann Georg , Weiss Peter 
Published: June 2021

Question: We compared the soil organic carbon stock of the forests of an entire country. The objective of our research was establishing the differences between coniferous or deciduous forests with respect to soil carbon stocks. The question is relevant because coniferous forests are increasingly damaged by abiotic and biotic disturbances that are related to climate change. Deciduous forests are considered to be less vulnerable. Their soils are expected to be more persistent and reliable sinks for carbon dioxide.Methods: Soil data are available from the Austrian Forest Soil Survey. Soils have been sampled on sites of the Austrian Forest Inventory. The data were stratified according to geology (calcareous vs. silicatic bedrock), orientation of the slopes, and forest type (coniferous vs. mixed-deciduous forest). These data were used to establish ground truth of soil organic carbon stocks. Further, we had simulation results of a coupled forest growth/soil carbon model. The scenarios built on the results of the Forest Inventory 2007/09 and reflect a business-as-usual forest management vs. a climate-change adaptation scenario where forest managers replace coniferous with deciduous forests if site conditions permit it. The simulations were performed with the forest growth simulator CÂLDIS and the soil carbon model Yasso07.Results: Based on the Austrian Forest Soil Survey carbon stocks of coniferous forests were consistently higher than in mixed-deciduous forests. This result applies both for the organic litter layer and the mineral soil to a depth of 50 cm. The depth gradients of carbon were similar in both forest types. The simulation under a strong warming scenario showed an increase in the carbon stocks of soils when conifers are replaced by deciduous tree species. In the 150-year simulation the majority of forest sites will become suitable for deciduous forests. The build-up of a large soil organic carbon stock is driven by the stronger harvesting pressure on the remaining coniferous forests. Deciduous forests were in lesser demand and developed under a light forest intervention regime. However, toward the end of the century, when the temperature level is far above present levels, the soil organic carbon stocks declined.
A Comparative Analysis of Coronavirus Nucleocapsid (N) Proteins Reveals the SADS-CoV N Protein Antagonizes IFN-β Production by Inducing Ubiquitination of RIG-I
Authors: Liu Yan , Liang Qi-Zhang , Lu Wan , Yang Yong-Le , Chen Ruiai , Huang Yao-Wei , Wang Bin 
Published: June 2021

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a known global threat, and most recently the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has claimed more than 2 million human lives. Delays and interference with IFN responses are closely associated with the severity of disease caused by CoV infection. As the most abundant viral protein in infected cells just after the entry step, the CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein likely plays a key role in IFN interruption. We have conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis and report herein that the N proteins of representative human and animal CoVs from four different genera [swine acute diarrhea syndrome CoV (SADS-CoV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV)] suppress IFN responses by multiple strategies. In particular, we found that the N protein of SADS-CoV interacted with RIG-I independent of its RNA binding activity, mediating K27-, K48- and K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and its subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation, thus inhibiting the host IFN response. These data provide insight into the interaction between CoVs and host, and offer new clues for the development of therapies against these important viruses.
Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Fe-Mn-Al-C Low Density Steel via Aging Treatment
Authors: Kang Li , Yuan Hao , Li Hua-ying , Ji Ya-feng , liu Hai-tao , Liu Guang-ming 
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the tensile properties and deformation behavior of an aged Fe-26Mn-6Al-1C (mass%) alloy with a stacking fault energy of approximately 60 mJ·m−2. The results show that an ordered phase with a “short-range ordering” (SRO) structure formed after aging at 550°C for 10 h, further increasing the aging time to 48 h. Lamellar second-phase precipitates appeared at the austenitic grain boundaries. The aged sample at 550°C for 10 h exhibited an enhanced tensile strength (∼898 MPa) without notably sacrificing uniform elongation (∼46.3%), which was mainly attributed to the relatively high strain hardening in the entire plastic deformation due to the synergistic effects of planar slip, twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP), microband-induced plasticity (MBIP), and especially the formation of short-range ordering.
Autonomous Nervous Response During Sedation in Colonoscopy and the Relationship With Clinician Satisfaction
Authors: Hann Alexander , Gruss Sascha , Goetze Sebastian , Mehlhase Niklas , Frisch Stephan , Walter Benjamin , Walter Steffen 
Published: June 2021

Background: Nurse assisted propofol sedation (NAPS) is a common method used for colonoscopies. It is safe and widely accepted by patients. Little is known, however, about the satisfaction of clinicians performing colonoscopies with NAPS and the factors that negatively influence this perception such as observer-reported pain events. In this study, we aimed to correlate observer-reported pain events with the clinicians' satisfaction with the procedure. Additionally, we aimed to identify patient biosignals from the autonomic nervous system (B-ANS) during an endoscopy that correlate with those pain events.Methods: Consecutive patients scheduled for a colonoscopy with NAPS were prospectively recruited. During the procedure, observer-reported pain events, which included movements and paralinguistic sounds, were simultaneously recorded with different B-ANS (facial electromyogram (EMG), skin conductance level, body temperature and electrocardiogram). After the procedure, the examiners filled out the Clinician Satisfaction with Sedation Instrument (CSSI). The primary endpoint was the correlation between CSSI and observer-reported pain events. The second primary endpoint was the identification of B-ANS that make it possible to predict those events. Secondary endpoints included the correlation between CSSI and sedation depth, the frequency and dose of sedative use, polyps resected, resection time, the duration of the procedure, the time it took to reach the coecum and the experience of the nurse performing the NAPS. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03860779.Results: 112 patients with 98 (88.5%) available B-ANS recordings were prospectively recruited. There was a significant correlation between an increased number of observer-reported pain events during an endoscopy with NAPS and a lower CSSI (r = −0.318, p = 0.001). Additionally, the EMG-signal from facial muscles correlated best with the event time points, and the signal significantly exceeded the baseline 30 s prior to the occurrence of paralinguistic sounds. The secondary endpoints showed that the propofol dose relative to the procedure time, the cecal intubation time, the time spent on polyp removal and the individual nurse performing the NAPS significantly correlated with CSSI.Conclusion: This study shows that movements and paralinguistic sounds during an endoscopy negatively correlate with the satisfaction of the examiner measured with the CSSI. Additionally, an EMG of the facial muscles makes it possible to identify such events and potentially predict their occurrence.
The Risk of COVID-19 Related Hospitalsation, Intensive Care Unit Admission and Mortality in People With Underlying Asthma or COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pardhan Shahina , Wood Samantha , Vaughan Megan , Trott Mike 
Published: June 2021

Background: Several underlying diseases have been associated with unfavorable COVID-19 related outcomes including asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), however few studies have reported risks that are adjusted for confounding variables. This study aimed to examine the adjusted risk of COVID-19 related hospitalsation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality in patients with vs. without asthma or COPD.Methods: A systematic review of major databases was undertaken for studies published between 1/12/2019 and 19/4/2021. Studies reporting the adjusted (for one or more confounder) risks of either hospitalsation, ICU admission, or mortality in asthmatics or COPD patients (control group = no asthma or no COPD) were identified. Risk of bias was determined via the QUIPS tool. A random effect meta-analysis was undertaken.Findings: 37 studies were eligible for analysis, with a total of 1,678,992 participants. The pooled ORs of COVID-19 hospitalsation in subjects with asthma and COPD was 0.91 (95% CI 0.76–1.09) and 1.37 (95% CI 1.29–1.46), respectively. For ICU admission, OR in subjects with asthma and COPD was 0.89 (95% CI 0.74–1.07) and 1.22 (95% CI 1.04–1.42), respectively. For mortality, ORs were 0.88 (95% CI 0.77–1.01) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.08–1.34) for asthma and COPD, respectively. Further, the pooled risk of mortality as measured via Cox regression was 0.93 (95% CI 0.87–1.00) for asthma and 1.30 (95% CI 1.17–1.44) for COPD. All of these findings were of a moderate level of certainty.Interpretation: COPD was significantly associated with COVID-19 related hospital admission, ICU admission, and mortality. Asthma was not associated with negative COVID-19 related health outcomes. Individuals with COPD should take precautions to limit the risk of COVID-19 exposure to negate these potential outcomes. Limitations include differing population types and adjustment for differing cofounding variables. Practitioners should note these findings when dealing with patients with these comorbidities.Review Protocol Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
Rapid Detection of Imipenem Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria Using Tabletop Scanning Electron Microscopy: A Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Haddad Gabriel , Fontanini Anthony , Bellali Sara , Takakura Tatsuki , Ominami Yusuke , Hisada Akiko , Hadjadj Linda , Rolain Jean-Marc , Raoult Didier , Bou Khalil Jacques Yaacoub 
Published: June 2021

Background: Enabling faster Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) is critical, especially to detect antibiotic resistance, to provide rapid and appropriate therapy and to improve clinical outcomes. Although several standard and automated culture-based methods are available and widely used, these techniques take between 18 and 24 h to provide robust results. Faster techniques are needed to reduce the delay between test and results.Methods: Here we present a high throughput AST method using a new generation of tabletop scanning electron microscope, to evaluate bacterial ultra-structural modifications associated with susceptibilities to imipenem as a proof of concept. A total of 71 reference and clinical strains of Gram-negative bacteria were used to evaluate susceptibility toward imipenem after 30, 60, and 90 min of incubation. The length, width and electron density of bacteria were measured and compared between imipenem susceptible and resistant strains.Results: We correlated the presence of these morphological changes to the bacterial susceptibility and their absence to the bacterial resistance (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa length without [2.24 ± 0.61 μm] and with [2.50 ± 0.68 μm] imipenem after 30 min [p = 3.032E-15]; Escherichia coli width without [0.92 ± 0.07 μm] and with [1.28 ± 0.19 μm] imipenem after 60 min [p = 1.242E-103]). We validated our method by a blind test on a series of 58 clinical isolates where all strains were correctly classified as susceptible or resistant toward imipenem.Conclusion: This method could be a potential tool for rapidly identifying carbapenem-resistance in Enterobacterales in clinical microbiology laboratories in &lt;2 h, allowing the empirical treatment of patients to be rapidly adjusted.