bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response Analysis of HTPB Propellant under Extreme Low Temperature Conditions
Authors: Lu Bang , Li Tian Peng , An Zhen Tao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Temperature load is one of the loads that propellant grains are often subjected to. Temperature shock or temperature cycling will affect the structural integrity of propellant grains to a certain extent. How to ensure that the propellant grains meet the structural integrity requirements under temperature load conditions and ensure equipment the significance of a smooth launch is very important. In this paper, the HTPB propellant sample response analysis test is carried out based on the global temperature environment distribution of different temperature grades, and the extreme low temperature impact simulation experiment is carried out for the grains under the specific structure considering the impact of extreme low temperature conditions, and finally different models are constructed. The constitutive model of HTPB propellant under extreme low temperature, its grain meets the structural integrity criterion after being subjected to the impact of extreme low temperature.
Research on Optimal Cut Coal Production Overcapacity Output in Coal-Rich Province of China
Authors: Qiang Wang , Haiying Liu , Ping Wu , Xuefeng Yan , Jiaxin Wang , Jiaoyu He , Xin Liu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recently, global economy is undergoing a structural change. The current world economic structure is mainly characterized by low growth rates in the economy, investment and trade, as well as low coal prices, interest rates and inflation. Overcapacity is a problem in many traditional industries. With the deterioration of overcapacity in coal-rich province of China, how to reduce coal production overcapacity is becoming an urgent problem to be solved. China’s coal market is still under the pressure of excess production capacity, the structural overcapacity has not been completely resolved. The coal industry is highly market-oriented, so the market mechanism plays an important role in the market downturn performance. Based on the Cournot competition model, this paper obtains the optimal cut coal production overcapacity output of coal production enterprises, the scenario of each firm enters the market in normal coal production capacity is analysed, in excess coal production capacity scenario without or with cut coal production overcapacity output. The analysis as show that: optimal cut coal production overcapacity output is the optimal choice for coal production enterprises in coal-rich province of China.
Trend Analysis and Periodicity Analysis of Annual Precipitation in Dongxi River Basin of Xiamen
Authors: Kaiqi Shen , Chao Zhao , Xiangyu Zhang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Precipitation is an important part of hydrology, which is of great significance to local water resources allocation and farmland irrigation. This study uses the Dongxi River basin in Xiamen City as the research area. Based on the precipitation series data from 1956 to 2015, the Mann-Kendall test, linear regression method, Sen’s slope estimation and wavelet analysis are used to analyze the trend and periodicity of precipitation. The results show that precipitation generally followed a small rise over a period of 60 years. The Mann-Kendall test detected several possible change points, but they can only indicate that the precipitation in the basin changes frequently. In addition, wavelet analysis reveals that the annual precipitation series have main periods of 4a, 12a, 30a, and 49 a, and on the time scale of the first main period, the precipitation has undergone two wet and dry transitions between 1956 and 2015. Our results reveal the trend and periodicity of precipitation in Dongxi River basin, which is conducive to the optimization of local water resources allocation, and provides scientific support for subsequent agricultural water conservancy project application and ecological construction.
Study on the Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Chinese Kale Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Huang Xiaomei , Lin Shan , Xie Dandan , Shi Lirong , Lin Liwen , Chen Xin , Zeng Ruijuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The extraction process of total flavonoids in Chinese kale was studied. The mathematical models of extraction rate of total flavonoids related to ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature, liquid-to-material ratio and ethanol concentration were established by response surface methodology. Through the mathematical model, ultrasound assisted method is the optimum conditions to extract the total flavonoids from Chinese kale. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the extraction was: ultrasonic time 29 min, ultrasonic temperature 71 °C, liquid-to-material ratio 27 mL/g and ethanol concentration 77%. Based on these conditions, the extraction rate of total flavonoids in Chinese kale was 18.47 mg/g, with a relative error of 0.75% compared with the predicted value. The mathematical model had a high fitting degree and a better predictability about the extraction rate of total flavonoids in Chinese kale. The obtained conditions were reliable and could be used to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Chinese kale.
Evidence of the Different Associations of Prognostic Factors With Censoring Across Treatment Groups and Impact on Censoring Weight Model Specification: The Example of Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sinyavskaya Liliya , Schnitzer Mireille , Renoux Christel , Guertin Jason R , Talbot Denis , Durand Madeleine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Inverse probability of censoring weights (IPCWs) may reduce selection bias due to informative censoring in longitudinal studies. However, in studies with an active comparator, the associations between predictors and censoring may differ across treatment groups. We used the clinical example of anticoagulation treatment with warfarin or a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) in atrial fibrillation to illustrate this. The cohort of individuals initiating an oral anticoagulant during 2010–2016 was identified from the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) databases. The parameter of interest was the hazard ratio (HR) of the composite of stroke, major bleeding, myocardial infarction, or death associated with continuous use of warfarin versus DOACs. Two strategies for the specification of the model for estimation of censoring weights were explored: exposure-unstratified and exposure-stratified. The HR associated with continuous treatment with warfarin versus DOACs adjusted with exposure-stratified IPCWs was 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.20, 1.33). Using exposure-unstratified IPCWs, the HR differed by 15% in favor of DOACs (1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.34, 1.48). Not accounting for the different associations between the predictors and informative censoring across exposure groups may lead to misspecification of censoring weights and biased estimate on comparative effectiveness and safety.
Mapping Decolonial Environmental Imaginaries in Latinx Culture
Authors: Vázquez David J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mapping Decolonial Environmental Imaginaries in Latinx Culture addresses a growing dialogue between antiracist environmental humanities and Latinx studies scholars that emphasizes how Latinx creativity expresses decolonial environmental values. Even as we face a racial crisis in the US, there is a looming, similarly daunting challenge in environmental change. Locating forms of progressive environmental ideas that think simultaneously about race and racialization is crucial if we are to meet these twin challenges. This essay introduces a mode of comparative analysis that places multiple genres and forms (novels, films, visual art, and short stories) created by authors from multiple Latinx communities (Chicanx, Puerto Rican, Peruvian, and Central American) into conversation. This comparative approach provides a more nuanced account of how Latinxs from multiple racial, class, gender, sexual, and other identity positions think about and represent environmental ideas. As the legatees of colonialism and racism, Latinx artists have much to say about combatting, circumventing, and, at times, proposing remedies for oppression and environmental harm as complex, interrelated phenomena. These authors and artists comprehend racial capitalism as directly causing environmental crises that perform in concert with racism and colonialism.
BLAST from the Past: Impacts of Evolving Approaches on Studies of Evolution by Gene Duplication
Authors: Chain Frédéric J J , Assis Raquel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In 1970, Susumu Ohno hypothesized that gene duplication was a major reservoir of adaptive innovation. However, it was not until over two decades later that DNA sequencing studies uncovered the ubiquity of gene duplication across all domains of life, highlighting its global importance in the evolution of phenotypic complexity and species diversification. Today, it seems that there are no limits to the study of evolution by gene duplication, as it has rapidly coevolved with numerous experimental and computational advances in genomics. In this perspective, we examine word stem usage in PubMed abstracts to infer how evolving discoveries and technologies have shaped the landscape of studying evolution by gene duplication, leading to a more refined understanding of its role in the emergence of novel phenotypes.
Hunting for Beneficial Mutations: Conditioning on SIFT Scores When Estimating the Distribution of Fitness Effect of New Mutations
Authors: Chen Jun , Bataillon Thomas , Glémin Sylvain , Lascoux Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of new mutations is a key parameter of molecular evolution. The DFE can in principle be estimated by comparing the site frequency spectra (SFS) of putatively neutral and functional polymorphisms. Unfortunately, the DFE is intrinsically hard to estimate, especially for beneficial mutations because these tend to be exceedingly rare. There is therefore a strong incentive to find out whether conditioning on properties of mutations that are independent of the SFS could provide additional information. In the present study, we developed a new measure based on SIFT scores. SIFT scores are assigned to nucleotide sites based on their level of conservation across a multispecies alignment: the more conserved a site, the more likely mutations occurring at this site are deleterious, and the lower the SIFT score. If one knows the ancestral state at a given site, one can assign a value to new mutations occurring at the site based on the change of SIFT score associated with the mutation. We called this new measure δ. We show that properties of the DFE as well as the flux of beneficial mutations across classes covary with δ and, hence, that SIFT scores are informative when estimating the fitness effect of new mutations. In particular, conditioning on SIFT scores can help to characterize beneficial mutations.
Ecological Limits on the Decoupling of Prey Capture and Processing in Fishes
Authors: Burress Edward D , Muñoz Martha M 
Published: June 2021

Synopsis
Ray-finned fishes have two jaw systems, the oral and pharyngeal jaws, which perform functions associated with prey capture and processing, respectively. The structural independence of the jaw systems is recognized as having broad implications for the functional and ecological diversity of the radiation. Cichlids (and a few other lineages) possess a modified pharyngeal jaw system that enhances prey processing versatility and capacity. This innovation, pharyngognathy, is hypothesized to have freed the oral jaws to diversify in terms of prey capture. We test the relative role of prey capture properties (e.g., evasiveness) and prey processing (e.g., crushing) in driving divergent selection in the oral and pharyngeal jaws using a macroevolutionary model fitting framework. Evolutionary outcomes were asymmetric. All transitions between different properties of prey capture had a corresponding transition in properties of prey processing. In contrast, fewer than half the transitions in the properties of prey processing had a corresponding prey capture transition. This discrepancy was further highlighted by multi-peak models that reflect the opposing function of each jaw system, which fit better than null models for oral jaw traits, but not pharyngeal jaw traits. These results suggest that pharyngeal jaw function can change independently from the function of the oral jaws, but not vice versa. This finding highlights the possibility of ecological limits to the evolutionary decoupling of jaw systems. The independent actions of prey capture and processing may be decoupled, but their respective functional demands (and evolution) are not. Therefore, prey likely impose some degree of coordinated evolution between acquisition and processing functional morphology, even in decoupled jaw systems.
Field-Collected Glassy-Winged Sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Perform MoreXylella fastidiosa-Inoculating Behaviors on SusceptibleVitis viniferacv. ‘Chardonnay’ Than on ResistantVitis champiniiGrapevines
Authors: Backus Elaine A , Shugart Holly J , Gutierrez Jose , Ebert Timothy A , Walker M Andrew 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), is an introduced vector of the xylem-dwelling bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae) in California. Once acquired, X. fastidiosa colonizes the functional foregut of the vector. Bacteria can be inoculated directly into grapevine xylem during the xylem cell acceptance process in sharpshooter stylet probing, represented by the X wave using electropenetrography (EPG). Since 2001, an effort has been underway to develop PD-resistant grapevines, Vitis vinifera L., through classical breeding of various species of resistant wild grapevines with more susceptible V. vinifera. The present study used EPG to compare H. vitripennis stylet probing behaviors in a factorial experiment between V. champinii (a V. candicans/V. rupestris natural hybrid with moderate trichomes) and V. vinifera cv. ‘Chardonnay’ (which lacks trichomes) that had been gently scraped to remove trichomes or was not scraped. Results showed that sharpshooters performed significantly more X waves/X. fastidiosa inoculation behaviors of overall longer duration on Chardonnay than on V. champinii, regardless of shaving or not-shaving to remove trichomes. In addition, trichomes caused more frequent standing/walking/test-probing behaviors on V. champinii, whose xylem was rapidly accepted for sharpshooter ingestion once probing began. Thus, EPG can detect a novel type of grapevine resistance to X. fastidiosa—to the vector’s probing process and inoculation of bacteria—in addition to the bacterial infection and symptom development processes that are the basis for most resistance breeding today. Future research could use EPG to screen grapevines for this novel type of resistance.
Creative Lawyering: Leveraging the Flexibility of Institutional Relationships to advance Social Justice--Two Case Studies from South Africa
Authors: Chamberlain Lisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
While private sector legal work is characterised by attorney-client relationships of a relatively homogenous kind, social justice lawyering offers a myriad of different ways in which organisations can partner with each other. The social justice sector is infused with a diversity of different kinds of partners, but also great variety in the forms that those partnerships can take. This practice note discusses attempts to do this creatively in South Africa using the Mapungubwe Campaign and the mobilization of mining-affected communities around the Mining Charter as case studies, in order to draw out some principles to guide the establishment and maintenance of institutional partnerships. These principles include the need for a shared objective, the notion of ‘gaps not glory’, the importance of role clarity, having pre-existing relationships to draw on in times which call for urgent collaboration, and the need for dedicated training on the management of partner relationships within NGOs. Ultimately, if managed strategically, these kinds of institutional partnerships present an opportunity for human rights lawyers to leverage the flexibility of these institutional relationships in order to advance social justice.
Forecasting under Long Memory
Authors: Hassler Uwe , Pohle Marc-Oliver 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMotivated by the mixed evidence in the literature on forecasting long memory processes, we show that methods based on fractional integration are superior to alternatives not accounting for long memory by simulations and applications to classical long memory time series from macroeconomics and finance. Furthermore, we analyze the optimal implementation of these methods, among others comparing parametric and local and global semiparametric estimators of the long memory parameter, providing asymptotic theory on different mean estimators and assessing the use of a fixed long memory parameter to overcome the inherent difficulties of its estimation.
Winter roosting ecology of tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) in trees and bridges
Authors: Newman Blaise A , Loeb Susan C , Jachowski David S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) that roost in subterranean hibernacula have experienced precipitous declines from white-nose syndrome (WNS); however, understudied populations also use during winter non-subterranean roosts such as tree cavities, bridges, and foliage. Our objectives were to determine winter roost use by tricolored bats in an area devoid of subterranean roosts, determine roost microclimates to relate them to growth requirements of the fungal causal agent of WNS, and determine habitat factors influencing winter tree selection. From November to March 2017–2019, we used radiotelemetry to track 15 bats to their day roosts in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina and recorded microclimates in accessible tree cavities and bridges. We also characterized habitat and tree characteristics of 24 used trees and 153 random, available trees and used discrete choice models to determine selection. Roost structures included I-beam bridges, cavities in live trees, and foliage. Bridges were warmer and less humid than cavities. Roost temperatures often were amenable to fungal growth (&lt; 19.5°C) but fluctuated widely depending on ambient temperatures. Bats used bridges on colder days (8.7°C ± 5.0 SD) and trees on warmer days (11.3°C ± 5.4). Bats selected low-decay trees closer to streams in areas with high canopy closure and cavity abundance. Bats also appeared to favor hardwood forests and avoid pine forests. Our results suggest that access to multiple roost microclimates might be important for tricolored bats during winter, and forest management practices that retain live trees near streams and foster cavity formation in hardwood forests likely will benefit this species. Our results also suggest tricolored bats using bridge and tree roosts might be less susceptible to WNS than bats using subterranean hibernaculum roosts. Thus, forests in areas without subterranean hibernacula in the southeastern United States that support bats during winter might represent important refugia from WNS for multiple species.
An aberrant medial basal segmental pulmonary artery (A7b) behind the superior segmental pulmonary vein (V6) in a patient undergoing right superior segment (S6) segmentectomy
Authors: Takase Yoshiaki , Tsubochi Hiroyoshi , Yamaki Ei , Kawashima Osamu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Herein, we report the first case of a patient with lung cancer with an aberrant medial basal segmental pulmonary artery (A7b) behind the superior segmental pulmonary vein (V6) who underwent right superior segment (S6) segmentectomy via uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (uVATS). A 56-year-old man with a right lower lobe pure ground-glass nodule (GGN), measuring 12 mm in diameter on computed tomography (CT) had an aberrant A7b branching from the basal pulmonary artery, which was located behind the V6 as detected on 3D CT. The right S6 segmentectomy, via uVATS, for the GGN was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. The final pathological diagnosis was invasive adenocarcinoma (p-T1bN0M0, stage IA2) with no evidence of disease recurrence at 3-month follow-up. Thoracic surgeons should be aware of the possibility of damaging the A7b when dividing the V6 for S6 segmentectomy, especially during uVATS because of insufficient dorsal visibility.
100 km wear-free sliding achieved by microscale superlubric graphite/DLC heterojunctions under ambient conditions
Authors: Peng Deli , Wang Jin , Jiang Haiyang , Zhao Shuji , Wu Zhanghui , Tian Kaiwen , Ma Ming , Zheng Quanshui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wear-free sliding between two contacted solid surfaces is the ultimate goal in the effort to extend the lifetime of mechanical devices, especially when it comes to inventing new types of micro-electromechanical systems where wear is often a major obstacle. Here we report experimental observations of wear-free sliding for a micrometer-sized graphite flake on a diamond-like-carbon (DLC) surface under ambient conditions with speeds up to 2.5 m/s, and over a distance of 100 km. The coefficient of friction (COF) between the microscale graphite flake, a van der Waals (vdW) layered material and DLC, a non-vdW-layered material, is measured to be of the order of ${10^{ - 3}}$, which belongs to the superlubric regime. Such ultra-low COFs are also demonstrated for a microscale graphite flake sliding on six other kinds of non-vdW-layered materials with sub-nanometer roughness. With a synergistic analysis approach, we reveal the underlying mechanism to be the combination of interfacial vdW interaction, atomic-smooth interfaces and the low normal stiffness of the graphite flake. These features guarantee a persistent full contact of the interface with weak interaction, which contributes to the ultra-low COFs. Together with the extremely high in-plane strength of graphene, wear-free sliding is achieved. Our results broaden the scope of superlubricity and promote its wider application in the future.
What Is Feminist Philosophy?
Authors: Hall Kim Q. , Ásta  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
What is feminist philosophy? What are some major themes? This chapter is the editors’ introduction to the Oxford Handbook of Feminist Philosophy. It offers an introduction to feminist philosophy and discusses the field’s relation to both feminism and philosophy. Readers get a glimpse of some of the history of the field of feminist philosophy and its current state. Just as feminism is not monolithic, feminist philosophy is an extraordinarily diverse field. The authors reflect on some important themes in feminist philosophy, such as inclusion, exclusion, and power and describe their vision for the volume as a whole and its salient features.
New developments in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tsang-A-Sjoe Michel W. P. , Bultink Irene E. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this review, the results of recent and ongoing clinical trials in patients with SLE are discussed. After many unsuccessful trials in the past decade, belimumab was the first biologic specifically designed for SLE that met its primary end point. At the same time, studies on the pathophysiology of SLE have further elucidated the pathways involved in the disease, which has led to the identification of new possible therapeutics and has encouraged the initiation of new trials. These new drugs include biologics that target B cells, T cells and type 1 interferons, and small molecules that inhibit kinases. Other therapeutics aim to restore immunological balance by restoring tolerance. Results from phase II and even phase III trials are promising and it is likely that some of the therapeutics discussed will receive approval in the following years. Hopefully, this will allow for more tailor-made medicine for SLE patients in the future.