bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence and resistance: survival mechanisms of Candidatus Dormibacterota from nutrient‐poor Antarctic soils
Authors: Montgomery Kate , Williams Timothy J. , Brettle Merryn , Berengut Jonathan F. , Ray Angelique E. , Zhang Eden , Zaugg Julian , Hugenholtz Philip , Ferrari Belinda C. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryCandidatus Dormibacterota is an uncultured bacterial phylum found predominantly in soil that is present in high abundances within cold desert soils. Here, we interrogate nine metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs), including six new MAGs derived from soil metagenomes obtained from two eastern Antarctic sites. Phylogenomic and taxonomic analyses revealed these MAGs represent four genera and five species, representing two order‐level clades within Ca. Dormibacterota. Metabolic reconstructions of these MAGs revealed the potential for aerobic metabolism, and versatile adaptations enabling persistence in the ‘extreme’ Antarctic environment. Primary amongst these adaptations were abilities to scavenge atmospheric H2 and CO as energy sources, as well as using the energy derived from H2 oxidation to fix atmospheric CO2 via the Calvin–Bassham–Benson cycle, using a RuBisCO type IE. We propose that these allow Ca. Dormibacterota to persist using H2 oxidation and grow using atmospheric chemosynthesis in terrestrial Antarctica. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed Ca. Dormibacterota to be coccoid cells, 0.3–1.4 μm in diameter, with some cells exhibiting the potential for a symbiotic or syntrophic lifestyle.
When less is more: HRM implementation, legitimacy and decoupling
Authors: Brandl Julia , Keegan Anne , Kozica Arjan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe implementation of human resource (HR) policies often proves troublesome due to the appearance, and stubborn persistence, of gaps in the process. Human resource management (HRM) scholars problematise these gaps and advocate tight implementation to reduce gaps and to ensure the desired impact of policies on organisational performance. Drawing on organisational institutionalism, we contend that gaps in implementing HR policies can actually be productive, as they secure organisational legitimacy, and thus enable organisations to operate viably within several institutional environments. We suggest that different approaches to implementation are needed, some of them premised on accepting sustained implementation gaps. We introduce minimum and moderate implementation approaches, rooted in the notion of decoupling, to complement approaches aimed at tight implementation. Our aim is to support the further development of research based on a richer interpretation of HRM implementation challenges and choices they present for HR managers.
Feasibility of commercial breadmaking using chickpea as an ingredient: Functional properties and potential health benefits
Authors: Herrera A. Catherin , Gonzalez de Mejia Elvira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of pulses, such as chickpea, has become more relevant in baking as they exhibit potential health benefits such as reduction of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and prevention of colon cancer. It is also a good source of highly bioavailable protein at a low cost. This allows companies to develop new innovative products that meet the demand for nutritional value‐added baked goods. Further understanding of the baking properties and rheology of chickpea flours will allow the baking industry to overcome processing and quality challenges related to the effects caused by the addition of non‐gluten‐forming ingredients. Therefore, the objective of this review was to summarize the rheological properties of baking formulations using chickpea as an ingredient in order to produce quality products while preserving the nutritional aspects of this legume. It also covers health benefits linked to chickpea‐specific compounds.
Vegetable soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaf extracts: Functional components and antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities
Authors: Lin Yushiuan , Wu Szjie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo investigate ways to extract greater dietary value from the leaves of the vegetable soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar ‘Kaohsiung No. 9’. Our results indicate that phenolic content and flavonoid content are highest in extracts prepared with 70% methanol and 70% ethanol. The 70% ethanol extracts also had the highest quercetin (135 ± 1.62 µg/g) and kaempferol (450 ± 1.35 µg/g) contents. These results show that flavonoids are a dominant class of compounds in these vegetable soybean leaf extracts and serve as their main source of antioxidants. At an extract concentration of 5 mg/ml, the 70% methanol extracts achieved good antioxidant effects, with a DPPH radical scavenging rate of 80%, and a reducing power of 88%. In assays of anti‐inflammatory capacity using lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The 70% methanol extracts displayed the most significant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, achieving up to 86% inhibition. As a similar trend was observed in expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we deduced that vegetable soybean leaves may regulate NO synthesis through inhibiting iNOS. We also observed a significant decrease in cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 gene expression. Analysis of proinflammatory cytokine synthesis revealed that the 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts significantly reduced TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β synthesis, and increased the intracellular reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio from 8 to 12.8. These results indicate that vegetable soybean leaves possess antioxidant activities and exert inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediators, suggesting their potential for use as dietary supplements.
Microdata analysis of Japanese farmers’ productivity: Estimating farm heterogeneity and elasticity of substitution among varieties
Authors: Akune Yuko , Hosoe Nobuhiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModern theories of trade and economic geography consider the role of product differentiation under monopolistic competition in manufacturing, under the assumption that agriculture produces homogeneous goods. By contrast, agribusiness studies examine the case of active high‐productivity entrepreneurs who pursue product differentiation by creating new products. To reconcile these two contradicting views of agriculture, we examine the incidence of farm heterogeneity and product differentiation. We use microdata of Japanese farmers to estimate their total factor productivity and find that heterogeneity is relatively low in the fruit, rice, and greenhouse horticulture farming sectors, and high in the livestock and poultry sectors. We find that the degree of product differentiation is relatively high in the livestock and poultry sectors, and that elasticity of substitution in the vegetable and upland field farming sectors is around three, which is similar to the findings of earlier studies.
Topical simvastatin–cholesterol for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis: An open‐label, split‐body clinical trial
Authors: Byth Lachlan A. , Byth Jenny 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesDisseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is a porokeratosis variant that is cosmetically disfiguring and may be associated with squamous cell carcinoma. It is an autosomal dominant condition caused by germline mutations in mevalonate pathway genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Lesions are precipitated by ultraviolet radiation‐induced second‐hit mutations. Modulation of this pathway by topical simvastatin–cholesterol may lead to improvement.MethodsThis open‐label, split‐body clinical trial was carried out in 2020 at a metropolitan dermatology clinic. Eight patients contributing 13 limb pairs were recruited. Limbs within each pair were randomly allocated to 2% simvastatin/2% cholesterol cream applied twice daily or bland emollients. Lesion number, erythema, scale and patient‐reported disease activity were measured at baseline and 6 weeks. Data were analysed using Bayesian ordinal logistic regression. Odds ratios compare the odds of a higher score at 6 weeks in treated limbs with the odds in controls. Values less than one indicate improvement.ResultsPatients had a median age of 65 years (interquartile range [IQR] 58 to 69 years). The median baseline DLQI was 5 (range 2–21). Odds ratios were 0.12 (95% credible interval [CI] 0.01 to 0.72) for lesion number, 0.25 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.79) for erythema score, 0.18 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.64) for scale score and 0.33 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.89) for patient‐reported disease activity.ConclusionsTopical simvastatin–cholesterol cream improved lesion number, erythema and scale on treated limbs compared with controls. Patient‐reported disease activity also improved. These findings warrant confirmation in blinded, vehicle‐controlled trials.
Complete remission of stage IV erythrodermic mycosis fungoides with large cell transformation through combination of pralatrexate and romidepsin followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Frederiks Aaron J , Creeper Katherine J , Spagnolo Dominic V , Cannell Paul , Radeski Dejan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report the case of a 59‐year‐old woman with stage IV erythrodermic mycosis fungoides (MF) and large cell transformation who, despite failing multiple previous treatments, achieved complete remission through a combination of pralatrexate and romidepsin followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Further studies are needed in focussing on this combined regimen in treating cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) and its efficacy as a bridging regimen in facilitating successful alloSCT.
Pelvic pain: What are the symptoms and predictors for surgery, endometriosis and endometriosis severity
Authors: Conroy Isabelle , Mooney Samantha S. , Kavanagh Shane , Duff Michael , Jakab Ilona , Robertson Katharine , Fitzgerald Amy L. , Mccutchan Alexandra , Madden Siana , Maxwell Sarah , Nair Shweta , Origanti Nimita , Quinless Alish , Mirowski‐Allen Kelly , Sewell Megan , Grover Sonia R. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundChronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common condition which significantly impacts the quality of life and wellbeing of many women. Laparoscopy with histopathology is recommended for investigation of pelvic pain and identification of endometriosis with concurrent removal. Never‐the‐less, the association between endometriosis and pelvic pain is challenging, with endometriosis identified in only 30–50% of women with pain.AimsTo explore the predictors for undergoing surgery, for identifying endometriosis and endometriosis severity in a cohort of women with CPP.Materials and MethodsThis study forms part of the Persistent Pelvic Pain project, a prospective observational cohort study (ANZCTR:ACTRN12616000150448). Women referred to a public gynaecology clinic with pain were randomised to one of two gynaecology units for routine care and followed for 36 months with 6‐monthly surveys assessing demographics, medical history, quality of life, and pain symptoms measured on a Likert scale. Operative notes were reviewed and endometriosis staged.ResultsOf 471 women recruited, 102 women underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy, of whom 52 had endometriosis (n = 37 stage I–II;n = 15 Stage III–IV). Gynaecology unit, pelvic pain intensity and lower parity were all predictors of surgery (odds ratio (OR) 0.342; 95% CI 0.209–0.561; OR 1.303; 95% CI: 1.079–1.573; OR 0.767; 95% CI: 0.620–0.949, respectively). There were no predictors identified for endometriosis diagnosis and the only predictor of severity was increasing age (OR 1.155; 95% CI: 1.047–1.310).ConclusionsGynaecology unit and pain intensity were key predictors of undergoing laparoscopy; however, pain severity did not predict endometriosis diagnosis or staging. These findings indicate the need to review current frameworks guiding practice toward surgery for pelvic pain.
Bayesian decision rules to classification problems
Authors: Long Yuqi , Xu Xingzhong 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this paper, we analysed classification rules under Bayesian decision theory. The setup we considered here is fairly general, which can represent all possible parametric models. The Bayes classification rule we investigated minimises the Bayes risk under general loss functions. Among the existing literatures, the 0‐1 loss function appears most frequently, under which the Bayes classification rule is determined by the posterior predictive densities. Theoretically, we extended the Bernstein–von Mises theorem to the multiple‐sample case. On this basis, the oracle property of Bayes classification rule has been discussed in detail, which refers to the convergence of the Bayes classification rule to the one built from the true distributions, as the sample size tends to infinity. Simulations show that the Bayes classification rules do have some advantages over the traditional classifiers, especially when the number of features approaches the sample size.
The history, physiology and treatment safety of growth hormone
Authors: Tidblad Anders 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGrowth hormone treatment was introduced in the 1950s to address growth disturbances and metabolic abnormalities. Hundreds of thousands of children have been treated, with gradual expansion of treatment indications. From initially being offered only to patients with severe growth hormone deficiency, today many children are treated for conditions in which the associated short stature is not primarily thought to be due to deficient endogenous growth hormone secretion. This review discusses the history, physiology and safety of growth hormone treatment, with focus on the long‐term risks of mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and cancer. Conclusion: Continuous follow‐up is needed to increase our knowledge of the long‐term treatment safety.
Editorial: total anti‐drug antibodies detected using drug‐tolerant assays during induction with anti‐TNF therapy are associated with treatment failure—out of sight but not out of mind
Authors: Turbayne Alexander K. B. , Ward Mark G. 
Published: May 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tournier et al and Roblin et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16333 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16399
Comparison of short‐ and long‐term effectiveness between ustekinumab and vedolizumab in patients with Crohn's disease refractory to anti‐tumour necrosis factor therapy
Authors: Manlay Luc , Boschetti Gilles , Pereira Bruno , Flourié Bernard , Dapoigny Michel , Reymond Maud , Sollelis Elisa , Gay Claire , Boube Mathilde , Buisson Anthony , Nancey Stéphane 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe best option between vedolizumab and ustekinumab after anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) failure remains unclear in Crohn's disease.AimsTo compare the short‐ and long‐term effectiveness of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in Crohn's disease patients with prior anti‐TNF exposure.MethodsAll Crohn's disease patients treated with ustekinumab or vedolizumab after exposure to at least one anti‐TNF agent were included from two referral centres. Primary endpoint was corticosteroid‐free clinical remission defined as Crohn's disease activity index <150 at week 54. Deep remission (corticosteroid‐free clinical remission and faecal calprotectin <100 µg/g) was assessed at week 14. Propensity‐matched analyses were applied to make the two groups comparable.ResultsOverall, 312 patients (ustekinumab = 224 and vedolizumab = 88) were included. After propensity score analysis, ustekinumab was more effective to achieve corticosteroid‐free clinical remission at week 54 (49.3% vs 41.2%, P = 0.04) and deep remission at Week 14 (25.9% vs 3.8%, P = 0.02) than vedolizumab. The rate of primary nonresponders (6.7% vs 14.8%, P = 0.034) and the long‐term risk of drug discontinuation due to therapeutic failure (HR = 1.53 [1.04‐2.07], P = 0.029) were lower in patients treated with ustekinumab compared with vedolizumab. Predictors of ustekinumab failure were complicated phenotype (odds ratio [OR] = 2.35 [1.31‐4.22]; P = 0.004) and anti‐TNF primary non‐response (OR = 2.55 [1.27‐5.12]; P = 0.008). We did not find any predictor of corticosteroid‐free clinical remission in patients treated with vedolizumab. Vedolizumab was less effective than ustekinumab in patients >35 years old (OR = 0.41 [0.19‐0.87]), with noncomplicated phenotype (OR=0.42 [0.18‐0.96]), no prior bowel resection (OR = 0.49 [0.24‐0.96]), and no steroids at baseline (OR=0.47 [0.23‐0.97]).ConclusionUstekinumab was more effective to achieve early and long‐term effectiveness than vedolizumab in Crohn's disease patients who previously failed response to anti‐TNF agents.
One‐year outcomes with ustekinumab therapy in infliximab‐refractory paediatric ulcerative colitis: a multicentre prospective study
Authors: Dhaliwal Jasbir , McKay Hayley E. , Deslandres Colette , Debruyn Jennifer , Wine Eytan , Wu Ashley , Huynh Hien , Carman Nicholas , Crowley Eileen , Church Peter C. , Walters Thomas D. , Ricciuto Amanda , Griffiths Anne M. ,   the Canadian Children IBD Network
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe phase 3 (UNIFI) trial of ustekinumab (anti‐interleukin 12/23) demonstrated efficacy even after prior biologic failure in adult ulcerative colitis (UC), but paediatric data are lacking.AimTo prospectively monitor efficacy and serum concentrations of ustekinumab given to children with UC refractory to other biologics.MethodsChildren with anti‐TNF refractory UC initiating ustekinumab intravenously at sites of the Canadian Children IBD Network prior to 12/2019 are included. The primary endpoint was steroid‐free clinical remission with subcutaneous ustekinumab at 52 weeks (Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index <10, no steroids ≥4 weeks). Ustekinumab levels were measured after week 20. Endoscopic improvement was defined as Mayo endoscopic subscore ≤1, or faecal calprotectin (FCP) <250 μg/g if not re‐colonoscoped.ResultsAt six sites between 01/2018 and 11/2019, 25 children (median [IQR] age 14.8 years [12.3‐16.2], 72% female) with UC duration 2.3 years (1.1‐4.2) received intravenous ustekinumab (median dose/kg of 6.4 [5.5‐7.5] mg). All patients had failed prior infliximab therapy, and 12 (48%) also vedolizumab. Five patients discontinued ustekinumab after IV induction (four undergoing colectomy). On intent to treat basis, 44% achieved the primary endpoint of steroid‐free remission at week 52, including nine (69%) of 13 who previously treated with anti‐TNF only vs two (17%) of 12 who previously failed also by vedolizumab (P = 0.008). Seven of 11 remitters met the criteria for endoscopic improvement. The median (IQR) trough levels (μg/mL) were greater with q4 vs q8 weekly dosing (8.7 [4.6‐9.9] vs 3.8 [12.7‐4.8]) P = 0.02, but greater exposure was not associated with a superior rate of clinical remission. No adverse events were associated with therapy.ConclusionUstekinumab demonstrated efficacy in this paediatric cohort with otherwise treatment‐refractory UC. Treatment failure was not due to inadequate drug exposure.
Gross morphology and cnidae of edwardsiella anemones and larvae (Anthozoa, Edwardsiidae) from the Swedish West Coast
Authors: Östman Sonja Carina , Friis Møller Lene 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe American ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, recently found in Skagerrak off the Swedish west coast, carried parasitic anemone larvae identified as Edwardsiella sp. In the Western Atlantic Ocean, M. leidyi are commonly infected by larvae of American Edwardsiella lineata anemones. It was questioned whether the parasitic larvae came across the Atlantic with the invasive ctenophore, or whether they belonged to the native E. carnea anemones. However, recent molecular investigations identified E. carnea and E. lineata as different species and the Swedish larvae from M. leidyi as E. carnea. Present morphological investigation supports the distinction of E. carnea anemones from E. lineata by a changeable rounded to flattened physa without rugae and by white pigmentation on basal outer tentacles. One Swedish larva developed into a juvenile with this characteristic column differentiation, identifying our larva as E. carnea and confirming its ability to produce parasitic larvae. Cnidome descriptions of E. carnea anemones and larvae reveal three similar cnidae in E. carnea and E. lineata anemones and larvae, and cnidae specific to either anemone or larval stages. Cnidome characteristics support our parasitic larvae as an Edwardsiella member, but further comparable studies of E. lineata cnidomes are warranted for evaluating their taxonomic significance.
Investigating the educational experiences of transnational students: Differences in academic integration, social integration, and institutional and goal commitment
Authors: Steele Andrea R. , Douglas Heather E. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDespite the growing popularity of transnational education, there is a dearth of quantitative research regarding how transnational students experience higher education.AimsThis comparative study sought to explore differences in educational experiences between transnational and onshore domestic students enrolled either at the Australian (domestic) or Singapore (transnational) campus of an Australian university.Sample and MethodsAn online survey gathered responses from 199 domestic students and 313 transnational students.ResultsResults indicated transnational students to be significantly lower than domestic students on social and academic integration, institutional commitment, and satisfaction. No group differences were found in persistence intentions. A series of regression analyses showed integration and commitment significantly predicted student persistence intentions, across both cohorts, beyond demographic and course characteristics.ConclusionsThis study offers several recommendations for how universities can better foster integration and commitment in their transnational students, including better funding the development of student societies and providing realistic course previews and career advice to students upon entry into their courses. Further, universities are encouraged to reconsider their transnational staffing models to provide more opportunities for academic support and student consultation beyond the classroom.
‘Oh no, not a group!’ The factors that lonely or isolated people report as barriers to joining groups for health and well‐being
Authors: Stuart Avelie , Stevenson Clifford , Koschate Miriam , Cohen Jessica , Levine Mark 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesBelonging to groups can significantly affect people’s health and well‐being for the better (‘the social cure’) or worse (‘the social curse’). Encouraging people to join groups is a central component of the Social Prescribing movement; however, not everyone who might benefit from Social Prescribing aspires to participating in groups. This study aims to identify what barriers are preventing people from experiencing the associated health and well‐being benefits of group belonging.MethodSemi‐structured interviews analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Participants were 11 white British people (aged 48‐86), 1 male and 10 female, recruited by a charity partner of a Social Prescribing project.ResultsThe themes derived from the interviews are as follows: (1) ‘The dread, the fear of being in a group’: When groups do not meet needs; (2) ‘I can remember as quite a young child backing out of things’: Accumulative barriers over the lifetime, and (3) ‘I’m singing away and feeling terribly miserable’: the challenges of fitting in with others in groups. The themes reflect how people can feel deterred from social interaction, which interferes with their ability to derive a sense of belonging or shared identity associated with the ‘social cure’.ConclusionsA key challenge for Social Prescribing is to meet the social needs of people disinclined to join groups; groups can be detrimental to health and well‐being if there are barriers to integration. Alternative ways of structuring groups or activities may be more effective and can still avail of the belonging and identity associated with ‘the social cure’.