bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Prediction of Increased Intracranial Pressure in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wijayatunga Priyantha , Koskinen Lars-Owe D , Sundström Nina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes temporary or permanent alteration in brain functions. Generally, at intensive care units (ICU), intracranial pressure (ICP) is monitored and treated to avoid increases in ICP with associated secondary insults and poor clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a model which could predict future ICP levels of individual patients during their treatment in the ICU, and thus help the treating clinician to take proper actions before secondary injuries occure. Methods: A simple, explainable, probabilistic Markov model was developed for the prediction task of ICP≥20 mmHg. Predictions were made for consecutive 10-minute intervals during the following hour, based on the preceding hour of ICP data. An easily implementable enhancement method was also developed and applied to compensate for imbalance in the data. The model was evaluated in a randomized and leave-one-out fashion on data from 29 patients with severe TBI. Results: With random data selection from all patients (80/20% training/testing) and including the new enhancement method, the specificity of the model was high (93.9-95.0) and the sensitivity was good to high (72.7-87.1). Levels were similar (specificity 90.1-95.3 and sensitivity 73.0-88.7) when the model was trained by the leave-one-out method and evaluated on individual subjects. Conclusion: The new model predicted increased levels of ICP in a reliable manner and the enhancement method to compensate for imbalanced data further improved the predictions. This lays the foundation for development of a bedside warning system designed to proactively avoid increased ICP levels in patients with severe TBI. Further advantages are the straightforward expandability of the model, enabling inclusion of other time series data and/or static parameters, making future studies of predictive strength based on combinations of physiological data possible. Next step is to evaluate the model on a larger patient material and to include other parameters apart from ICP.
COX2: A Prognostic Inflammogenic Marker Drives Cervical Carcinogenesis in Vivo through the NFκB/IAP/p53Axis
Authors: MAHAPATRA ELIZABETH , BISWAS SOUVICK , DAS SALINI , ROY MADHUMITA , MUKHERJEE SUTAPA 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cycloxygenase 2, a prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme, is a key player in inflammation-induced vasculogenesis that enables tumor growth. This study explores the central role of COX2 and its relative prosurvival proteins in evoking inflammatory events during the development of an in vivo cervical cancer model upon chronic treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC; a chemical carcinogen) in virgin-female Swiss albino mice. Chronic painting of the mouse cervix with 3MC solution triggered the persistent expression and activity of COX2, eventuating the overexpression of major prosurvival molecules (NFκB, XIAP, survivin, GM-CSF1) and proliferative antigens (Ki67, PCNA). COX2-arbitrated prosurvival signaling subsequently deranged the expression profiles of tumor suppressor proteins (p53/acetyl-p53, p21, Rb) within the cervix. COX2 mediated molecular alterations successively surged leukocyte influx within the cervix, catering to localized inflammation that gradually distorted its tissue architecture. Cervical carcinogenesis was further braced by higher levels of systemic ROS and RNS, escalated iNOS activity and compromised antioxidant enzyme capacities, which were accompanied by splenomegaly. Additionally, circulation of blood leucocytes with damaged DNA throughout the mouse body envisaged the impact of cervix-limited inflammation on mouse physiology. Conclusively, the present study deciphered the role of COX2 in affecting NFκB/IAP/p53 functions in sequestering the contributors of localized and systemic inflammogenesis to propel 3MC-mediated cervical carcinogenesis in vivo.
An Exposome-Wide Association Study On Body Mass Index In Adolescents Using The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 And 2013-2014 Data
Authors: Haddad Nadine , Andrianou Xanthi , Parrish Christa , Oikonomou Stavros , Makris Konstantinos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Excess weight is a public health challenge affecting millions worldwide, including younger age groups. The human exposome concept presents a novel opportunity to comprehensively characterize all non-genetic disease determinants at susceptible time windows. Objective: Our study aimed to describe the association between multiple lifestyle and nutritional exposures and body mass index (BMI) in adolescents using the exposome framework. Methods: We conducted an exposome-wide association study using the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 survey for discovery of associations between the study population characteristics and BMI, and the 2013-2014 survey to replicate analysis. We included non-diabetic and non-pregnant adolescents aged 12-18 years. We analyzed variables available in both survey rounds, with <20% of missing values in relation to BMI z-scores. We performed univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, household smoking, and income to poverty ratio, and corrected for false-discovery rate (FDR). Results: A total of 1899 and 1224 participants were eligible from the 2003-2004 and 2013-2014 survey waves. The weighted proportions of overweight were 18.4% and 18.5% whereas those for obese were 18.1% and 20.6% in 2003-2004 and 2013-2014, respectively. Retained exposure agents included 63 dietary, 57 clinical and 1 physical activity variables. After FDR correction, univariable regression identified 35 and 18 predictors in the discovery and replication datasets, respectively, while multivariable regression identified 20 and 9 predictors in the discovery and replication datasets, respectively. Seven were significant in both datasets: alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, mean cell volume, segmented neutrophils number, triglycerides; uric acid and white blood cell count. Discussion: This is the first ExWAS study in NHANES describing associations between zBMI, nutritional and clinical factors in adolescents. Future studies are warranted to investigate the role of the identified predictors as early-stage biomarkers of increased BMI and associated pathologies among adolescents and to replicate findings to other populations.
Is Early Surgical Intervention Effective for Traumatic Severe Cervical Spinal Cord Injury? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yamamoto Koji , Okuda Akinori , Maegawa Naoki , Konishi Hironobu , Miyazaki Keita , Tada Yusuke , Kogeichi Yohei , Takano Keisuke , Asai Hideki , Kawai Yasuyuki , Urisono Yasuyuki , Shigematsu Hideki , Kawamura Kenji , Fukushima Hidetada , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Although early surgery is known to be effective for the treatment of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI), whether it is equally effective in severe CSCI cases remains undetermined. This study aimed to determine whether surgery within 24 h improves the neurological prognosis and reduces the complications associated with surgery for traumatic severe CSCI.Methods: The data of 42 patients with traumatic severe CSCI with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) grades A–B who underwent surgery between December 2007 and May 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The participants were classified into early surgery (<24 h) and late surgery (>24 h) groups. Using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with propensity score adjustment for confounding factors, the AIS grades before and 1 month following surgical treatment, which were considered the primary outcomes, were compared. The secondary outcomes were the intensive care unit length of stay (ICU-LOS) and occurrence of respiratory complications and cardiac arrest.Results: In the early surgery group (n = 32, 76%), the average time to surgery was 10.25 h (4–23 h). The IPTW analysis indicated significant differences in the neurological improvement according to the AIS grade at 1 month following surgery (odds ratio [OR]: 17.1, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.9–156.7, p = 0.012), the ICU-LOS >7 days (OR: 0.14, 95% Cl: 0.02–0.90, p = 0.04), and the occurrence of respiratory complications (OR: 0.08, 95% Cl: 0.01–0.73, p = 0.03) and cardiac arrest (OR: 0.13, 95% Cl: 0.02–0.85, p = 0.03).Conclusions: Early surgery (within 24 h) for traumatic severe CSCI may improve the neurological prognosis and prevent a long ICU-LOS and postoperative complications.
Analysis of Cutting Forces From Conventional to High-Speed Milling with Straight and Helical-Flute Tools for Flat-End Milling Incorporating the Effect of Tool Runout
Authors: AYDIN Mehmet , Köklü Uğur 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a systematic study to analyze the dependence of cutting forces on tool geometry, workpiece material and cutting parameters such as spindle speed, tool engagement and cutting direction in flat-end milling with tool runout. The cutting forces are determined according to a mechanistic force model considering the trochoidal flute path to calculate the undeformed chip thickness, and average cutting force and linear regression model are applied for identifying the coefficients of the force model. A series of milling processes are conducted on AZ31 Magnesium (Mg) alloy and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) to analyze the instantaneous cutting force curves, amplitudes of cutting forces and peak forces over a wide range of spindle speeds from conventional to high-speed milling. It is demonstrated that the values of the cutting force coefficients are higher at conventional spindle speed and decrease with an increase in spindle speed, especially when machining Ti6Al4V alloy. For the edge force coefficients, it is observed a slight variation when using cutting tools with different helix angles. Besides, the cutting force amplitudes strongly depend upon the workpiece material. The helix angle has a significant influence on the transverse force amplitude at conventional speed. The forces obtained mechanistically are also substantiated by comparison with measurements.
Structured Antenatal Milk Expression Education for Nulliparous Pregnant People: Results of a Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial in The United States
Authors: Demirci Jill , Glasser Melissa , Himes Katherine P , Sereika Susan M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Hand-expression, collection, and storage of breast milk during pregnancy (i.e., antenatal milk expression or AME) is a safe, potentially effective practice to reduce early, undesired formula supplementation among women with diabetes. The feasibility and potential benefits of AME in the United States (U.S.) and among non-diabetic birthing people is unknown.
Methods

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of a structured AME intervention and its relationship to lactation outcomes among nulliparous birthing people in the United States. We recruited a convenience sample of 45 low-risk, nulliparous individuals at 34–366/7 weeks of gestation from a hospital-based midwife practice. Participants were randomized to AME or a control group receiving breastfeeding handouts. Interventions were delivered at weekly visits at 37–40 weeks of pregnancy. The AME intervention involved technique demonstration and feedback from a lactation consultant and daily independent practice. Lactation outcomes were assessed during the postpartum hospitalization, 1–2 weeks postpartum, and 3–4 months postpartum.
Results

Of 22 participants assigned to AME, 18 received an AME education study visit. Participants reported practicing AME on 60% or more of days prior to their infant’s birth. Most were able to express milk antenatally (15/18), more than half collected and froze antenatal milk (11/18), and 39% (7/18) supplemented their infants with antenatal milk after birth. No major problems were reported with AME. Perinatal and lactation outcomes, including infant gestational age at birth, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, and any or exclusive breastfeeding, appeared to be comparable between AME and control groups. There were trends toward higher breastfeeding self-efficacy and lower perceptions of insufficient milk postpartum among AME participants compared to control group participants, though AME participants exhibited higher breastfeeding self-efficacy and more favorable attitudes toward breastfeeding at baseline.
Conclusions

In a group of nulliparous birthing people in the U.S., AME education and independent practice beginning at 37 weeks of pregnancy was feasible and safe. In some cases, AME provided a back-up supply of breast milk when supplementation of direct breastfeeding was indicated or desired. The relationship between AME and lactation outcomes requires further study within a powered sample and other populations.
Trial Registration:

This trial was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on May 11, 2021 under the following registration ID: NCT04929301. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04929301
Communication Energy Optimization of Electric Vehicle Platoon on Curved Road
Authors: Gao Wei , Wu Celimuge 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The cruising range of an electric vehicle is limited by its battery. Reducing the energy consumption of MES (main energy systems) or AES (auxiliary energy systems) of the vehicle battery is an effective means to increase the electric vehicle cruising range. Platoon driving can greatly reduce the wind resistance of the vehicle and then reduce the energy consumption of MES for electric vehicles. This paper proposes an adaptive communication energy optimization scheme based on road curvature radius to save the energy of AES for the electric vehicle platoon on curved roads. In this paper, the inter-vehicle distance error based on the car-like model in a two-dimensional space is established. Then, the inter-vehicle distance error is used to design a control law K to accomplish successful platooning. Next, three platooning control schemes based on different information flow topologies are discussed. Finally, the consensus of three platooning control schemes and the energy consumption of electric vehicle communication systems are analyzed by MATLAB's Simulink. Simulation results show that the communication energy optimization scheme reduces the power consumption of AES as long as the platoon driving on curved roads.
The combination of Tislelizumab and apatinib obtained complete remission for alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer with microsatellite stability: case report
Authors: Xiang Jinyu , Wang CongCong , Gong Wenjing , Liu Aina , Sun Ping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAlpha‑fetoprotein (AFP)‑producing gastric cancer (AFPGC) is a rare type of gastric cancer with high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. Despite substantial progress in the treatment of many solid tumors, there are no reports of the safety and effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in combination with anti-angiogenesis in AFPGC patients with microsatellite stability (MSS).Case presentationThis is a case of a 69-year-old man who was diagnosed with metastatic AFPGC. After the progression of resistance to chemotherapy, Tislelizumab combined with apatinib was attempted, although the patient was microsatellite stable. With 3 cycles of combination therapy, a partial remission (PR, shrunk by 56%) was obtained, and the quality of life improved significantly. Surprisingly, after more than one year of continuous application of the above treatment regimen, both the primary and metastatic tumors in this patient eventually disappeared, which achieved complete remission (CR) without surgery. Following the combined treatment, the patient had a progression-free survival of more than 16 months and now is still in continue to benefit. ConclusionsThis is the first report that we are aware of on the effective treatment of AFPGC with Tislelizumab in combination with Apatinib. This provides a highly effective and tolerable therapeutic strategy for microsatellite-stabilized AFPGC.
Modeling Colicin Operons as Genetic Arms in Plasmid-genome Conflicts
Authors: Sudhakari Pavithra Anantharaman , Ramisetty Bhaskar Chandra Mohan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Plasmids are acellular propagating entities that depend on bacteria, as molecular parasites, for propagation. A 'tussle' between bacteria and plasmid ensues; bacteria for riddance of the plasmid and plasmid for persistence within a live host. The conflict between bacterial genome and plasmids allows the emergence of 'genetic arms' such as colicin (Col) operons. Endonuclease Col operons encode three proteins; an endonuclease colicin, an immunity protein, and lysis protein. Col operons are plasmid-maintenance systems; (i) the plasmid-cured cells are killed by the colicins; (ii) damaged cells lyse and release the colicins that eliminate the competitors, and (iii) the released plasmids invade new bacteria. Surprisingly, some bacterial genomes have Col operons. The eco-evolutionary drive and physiological relevance of genomic Col operons are unknown. We investigated plasmidic and genomic Col operons using sequence analyses from an eco-evolutionary perspective. We found 1,248 genomic and plasmidic colicins across 30 bacterial genera. Although 51% of the genomes harbor colicins, the majority of the genomic colicins lacked a functional lysis gene, suggesting the negative selection of lethal genes. The immunity gene of the Col operon protects the plasmid-cured host; eliminating the metabolic burden. We show mutual exclusivity of Col operons on genomes and plasmids. We propose an anti-addiction hypothesis for genomic colicins. Using a stochastic agent-based model, we show that the genomic colicins confer an advantage to the host genome in terms of immunity to the toxin and elimination of plasmid burden. Col operons are 'genetic arms' that regulate the ecological interplay of bacterial genomes and plasmids.
Comparison of cardiovascular responses among physically active and sedentary students: A protocol for Quasi-experimental study of submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer in the Sahel region of Africa
Authors: Ewah Patrick Ayi Ayi , Oyeyemi Adetoyeje Y , Oghumu Saturday N , Ogaga Mary , Edet Lucy Inyang , Womboh Idoo , Awhen Peter Agba 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe rate at which the heart rate and blood pressure drop following a stimulus such as exercise or physical stress is a powerful and independent marker for determining the rate mortality from a cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study will be to determine the heart rate and blood pressure drops of physically active and sedentary student following a sub-maximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer.ResultsThis quasi-experimental study will conveniently sample a total of 102 (Physically active n=51 & sedentary n=51) subjects of age 18-35. The study site shall be the physiotherapy gymnasium at the University of Maiduguri Teaching hospital. The level of physical activity will be measured using International Physical Activity questionnaire. Anthropometric variable such as height and weight will be assessed. Borge scale will be used to determine the Rate of Perceived Exertion. Data analysis will be done using SPSS version 20. Student –t-test, Analysis of Co-variance and descriptive statistic will be used to analyzed collected data at p<0.05. The heart rate and blood pressure at rest, peak intensity and post-exercise will be determined using a digital electronic device. The difference between the peak/resting heart rate and blood pressure will be recorded as rate of drops. Measurement will also be carried out at 1, 2-minutes after the first measurement up to 5 minutes after removing exercise stimulus.ConclusionHeart rate and blood pressure recovery are a useful clinical tool for diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Drops in heart rate less than 12 beat per minutes put a person at risk of developing a heart attack. It is not known whether the drops in heart rate of student in the Sahel region of Nigeria will be normal or abnormal. Since there are little studies on the recovery heart rate and blood pressure after removing a stimulus such as exercise. There is a need for more studies to help bridge the gap in literatures.
Reconstruction of Nonlinear Flows from Noisy Time Series
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Yan zishuo , Gui Lili , Xu Kun , Lan Yueheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nonlinear dynamics is a rapidly developing subject across all disciplines involving spatial or temporal evolution. The reconstruction of the equations of motion for a nonlinear system from observed time series has been a hot topic for a long time. Nevertheless, in practice only partial information is available for many systems which are very likely contaminated with noise. Here, based on the invariance of the evolution equation during time translation, a globally valid local approximation of the trajectory is determined, which could be reliably used for the reconstruction of the vector fields with unknown parameters or functional forms, even with partial information of the state evolution. The global consideration very effectively alleviates noise interference and bestows exceptional robustness to the technique, which asks only for solution of linear equations and thus is very efficient. The new scheme is nicely demonstrated in the Lorenz equation in different conditions, while an FHN neural network model is used to show its strength in high-dimensions.
Estrogen Receptor Variant ER-α36 Facilitates Estrogen Signaling via EGFR Signaling in Glioblastoma
Authors: Qu Chao , Wang Cui , Li Hongyan , Han Chao , Li Ying , Tao Xiaofeng , Guan Xin , Zhang Yejun , Chen Mengmeng , Liu Jing , Zou Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly and common primary brain tumor. Poor prognosis is linked to high proliferation and cell heterogenity. Sex differences may play a role in patient outcome. Previous studies showed that ER-α36, a variant of the estrogen receptor, mediated non-genomic estrogen signaling and is highly expressed in many estrogen receptors (ER)-negative malignant tumors. ER-α36 also associates with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).Aim: The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the cross-talk between ER-α36 and EGFR in estrogen (E2) induced glioblastoma cell proliferation.Methods: The expression of estrogen receptors were tested by immunofluorescence in the specimens. The expression of ER-α36, EGFR and cell cycle protein were measured by qPCR and Western blot. The numbers of cells were tested through cell counting, and cell signaling pathway activation also determined by Western blot.Results: Here, we showed that ER-α36 was highly expressed and confirmed that ER-α36 co-labels with EGFR in human glioma specimens using immunohistochemical techniques. We also investigated the mechanisms of estrogen induced proliferation in ER-a-negative cell lines U87 and U251. We found that glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251 showed varying responsive to mitogenic estrogen signaling which correlated with ER-α36 expression, and knockdown of ER-α36 diminished the response. Exposure to estrogen also caused up-regulation of cyclin protein expression in vitro. We also found that low concentrations of estrogen promoted SRC-Y-416 and inhibited SRC-Y-527 phosphorylation, corresponding with activated SRC signaling. Inhibiting SRC or EGFR abolished estrogen-induced mitogenic signaling, including cyclin expression and MAPK phosphorylation.Conclusion: Cumulatively, our results demonstrate that ER-α36 promotes non-genomic estrogen signaling via the EGFR/SRC/MAPK pathway in glioblastoma. This may be important for the treatment of ER-a-negative glioblastomas that retain high level of ER-α36, since estrogen may be a viable therapeutic target for these patients.