bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obligasi Bencana Alam Dengan Suku Bunga Stokastik Dan Pendekatan Campuran
Authors: Anggraini Dian , Wijaya Yasir 
Published: February 2021

This study contains the group claims model as discussed by (Lee, 2007) for the pricing of natural disaster bonds. This research was conducted with several stages. First make the formula of bond price with stochastic interest rate and disaster event following non homogeneous poisson process. It further estimates the parameters of disaster loss data from the Insurance Information Institute (III) from 1989 to 2012 and interest rates from the Federal Reserve Bank. Because the determination of aggregate distribution is difficult to be exact, numerical calculation is done by mixed approach method (Gamma and Inverse Gaussian) to determine the solution of natural disaster bond price. Finally, shows how the impact of financial risk and disaster risk on the price of natural disaster bonds.
Eksperimentasi Model Pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFE) terhadap Hasil Belajar ditinjau dari Kecerdasan Linguistik
Authors: Widyawati Santi 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine: (1) Which gives higher learning outcomes between the Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFE) learning model with the conventional learning model on the subject matter of exponent of class X Semester odds SMA N 1 Seputih Surabaya academic year 2016/2017, (2) Which gives higher learning outcomes between students with high, medium, or low linguistic intelligence on the subject matter of exponents of class X Odd Semester SMA N 1 Seputih Surabaya academic year 2016/2017 (3) Is there an interaction between the Student Facilitator learning model And Explaining (SFE) and linguistic intelligence on students' mathematics learning outcomes of the subject matter of exponents of class X Semester odd in SMA N 1 Seputih Surabaya in academic year 2016/2017. This research is a comparative causal research with factorial design 3 3. The population of this research is all students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Surabaya, Central Lampung. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling. The sample of this research are students of class X.1 and X.2. The conclusion of this research is: (1) There is no difference of learning result of student mathematics between the SFE model with a conventional model in grade X student SMA N 1 Seputih Surabaya. (2) There is no difference of learning result of student mathematics observed from the linguistic intelligence of class X student SMA N 1 Seputih Surabaya. (3) There is no interaction between SFE learning model and linguistic intelligence of grade X students SMA N 1 Seputih Surabaya.
Contemplating a Cyber Weapons Convention: An Exploration of Good Practice and Necessary Preconditions
Authors: Kalpokienė Julija , Kalpokas Ignas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Despite being a crucially important domain for states, businesses, and individuals, cyberspace still suffers from a regulation deficit. This article takes up one such dangerously underregulated area: cyber warfare and regulation of cyber weapons. For that purpose, the authors first analyse the threats posed by weaponised malicious code, including some examples of its use and potential considerations that could sway states towards engaging in a multilateral cyber weapons regulation regime. These considerations are then converted into some major principles and points to be regarded should a potential cyber weapons convention be contemplated. These are subsequently further elaborated in light of the Chemical Weapons Convention, particularly with regard to specific provisions and possibility of adoption. The article concludes with the assertion that an international agreement is feasible in principle, but its focus should be on regulating the ways of employing cyber weapons rather than on the specific weapons themselves.
Balancing Personal Data Protection with Other Human Rights and Public Interest: Between Theory and Practice
Authors: Justickis Viktoras 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The role of balancing in the development and application of European data protection is enormous. European courts widely use it; it is the basis for harmonization of pan-European and national laws, plays a crucial role in everyday data protection. Therefore, the correctness of a huge number of critical decisions in the EU depends on the perfection of the balancing method. However, the real ability of the balancing method to cope with this mission has been subjected to intense criticism in the scientific literature. This criticism has highlighted its imperfections and casts doubt on its suitability to optimize the relation between competing rights. Paradoxically, the everyday practice of balancing tends to ignore this criticism. The limitations of the balancing method are typically not discussed and are not taken into account when considering legal cases and solving practical issues. Thus, it is tacitly assumed that the shortcomings and limitations of the balancing method, which the criticism points out, are irrelevant when making real-life decisions. This article discusses the scope of this phenomenon, its manifestations, and its impact on the quality of data protection decisions based on the balancing method:sub-optimality of these decisions, their opacity, public dissatisfaction with the legal regulation, its instability and low authority The ways of bridging the gap between the practice of balancing and science and broader consideration by the practice of the shortcomings of the balancing method identified during scientific discussions are considered.
The Future of Legal Education: Do Law Schools Have the Right to Be Conservative?
Authors: Pasvenskienė Aušrinė , Astromskis Paulius 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article explores how emerging technologies should shape legal studies, recognizing that the new technological era requires a new generation of tech-savvy lawyers who possess specific technology-related skills and knowledge. The article builds on analysis of the future of work through the lens of the International Labor Organization Centenary Declaration, followed by an analysis of the right to education, leading to the formation of a theoretical justification of the legal duty to adapt the legal education curriculum to a technology-driven future. This article exposes the existing state of the legal education curriculum with a systematic analysis of the existing Law & Tech master’s programs at leading universities worldwide. This research demonstrates that relatively few (9.8%) leading world universities offer specialized Law & Tech master’s programs. This clear underdevelopment of the Law & Tech curriculum suggests that deeply embedded conservatism in legal education might be violating the rights of future lawyers – the right to work and the right to education, in particular.
FILOSOFAR ES MEDITAR. LA COMPRENSIÓN MEDITATIVA DE LA FILOSOFÍA EN ORTEGA Y GASSET COMO EMPIRISMO REFLEXIVO, CIRCUNSTANCIALISMO, AMOR Y ENSAYO
Authors: Gutiérrez Pozo Antonio 
Published: February 2021

En esta obra el autor analiza el concepto de meditación filosófica en el pensamiento de Ortega y Gasset. La tesis fundamental de este artículo es que la meditación es el modo de pensar de la razón vital. Para Ortega la filosofía es conocimiento de la esencia y por esta razón la meditación es comprensión. Las características principales de este pensamiento meditativo de Ortega son: empirismo, contemplación o reflexión, circunstancialismo, erotismo y ensayismo.
Educação em saúde com idosos ativos: relato de ações de extensão
Authors: Cogo Silvana Bastos , Da Silva Laís Mara Caetano , Donel Carine Rieger , Puhl Gabriel da Silva , Balconi Isadora , Da Costa Kamila Caneda , De Martins Lívia Martins , Jerke Luiza Camila , Boff Nathalia Kaspary , Maciel Victória de Quadros Severo 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Identificar as temáticas em saúde trabalhada com idosos ativos em um projeto de extensão, por meio de ações de educação em saúde. Relato de experiência: Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, que apresenta as vivências de acadêmicos de Enfermagem, com idosos ativos, a partir de uma perspectiva histórica das temáticas abordadas e das atividades realizadas em quatro anos de participação em um projeto local denominado “Acampavida”. Dentre as dinâmicas propostas para realizar a educação em saúde desse público, destaca-se o “jogo da memória”, “Porta da longevidade”, “espaço de cuidado”, “bingo”, jogos de mito e verdade e outros. Entre o período de 2016 a 2019, foram abordadas diversas temáticas, as quais possibilitaram ao grupo o aprimoramento na construção e concretização de oficinas, oportunizando acesso à informação, empoderamento e interação entre idosos, bem como a troca de experiência entre estes e os acadêmicos, possibilitando maior conhecimento sobre a realidade e perspectivas dessa faixa etária. Considerações finais: Com o crescente envelhecimento populacional, mostra-se relevante a participação da Enfermagem nas práticas de educação em saúde, a fim de promover o autocuidado da pessoa idosa em consonância com suas necessidades.
Respiratory syncytial virus in young children: community cohort study integrating serological surveys, questionnaire and electronic health records, Born in Bradford cohort, England, 2008 to 2013
Authors: Zylbersztejn Ania , Pembrey Lucy , Goldstein Harvey , Berbers Guy , Schepp Rutger , van der Klis Fiona , Sande Charles , Mason Dan , Wright John , Smyth Rosalind , Hardelid Pia 
Published: February 2021

Background
Bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in infants.

Aim
To describe RSV epidemiology in children in the community in a high-income setting.

Methods
We used stored blood samples from the United Kingdom Born in Bradford cohort study that had been collected at birth, age 1 and 2 years old, tested for IgG RSV postfusion F antibody and linked to questionnaires and primary and hospital care records. We used finite mixture models to classify children as RSV infected/not infected according to their antibody concentrations at age 1 and 2 years. We assessed risk factors for primary RSV infection at each age using Poisson regression models.

Results
The study cohort included 700 children with cord blood samples; 490 had additional blood samples taken at both ages 1 and 2 years old. Of these 490 children, 258 (53%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 48–57%) were first infected with RSV at age 1, 99 of whom (38%; 95% CI: 33–43%) had been in contact with healthcare during peak RSV season (November–January). Having older siblings, birth in October–June and attending formal childcare were associated with risk of RSV infection in infancy. By age 2, a further 164 of 490 children (33%; 95% CI: 29–38%) had been infected.

Conclusion
Over half of children experienced RSV infection in infancy, a further one third had evidence of primary RSV infection by age 2, and one in seven remained seronegative by their second birthday. These findings will inform future analyses to assess the cost-effectiveness of RSV vaccination programmes in high-income settings.
PEMETAAN DAN ANALISIS GEOMETRI SESAR MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK DI SELENGEN LOMBOK UTARA
Authors: Saputra Putrawan - , Yasin Syamsuddin - , Hiden Hiden - 
Published: February 2021

Aktivitas sesar merupakan faktor utama terjadinya gempa bumi seperti yang terjadi di Pulau Lombok. Sesar diduga banyak terdapat di Wilayah Lombok, baik sesar skala mayor maupun sesar minor. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pemetaan keberadaan sesar dan analisis geometrinya, sehingga resiko bahaya dapat dimitigasi sebelum gempa khususnya di Kayangan Lombok Utara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan sesar dan menganalisis geometrinya di Desa Selengen Kayangan Lombok Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Geolistrik 2D. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sesar yang terdapat di Desa Selengan adalah sesar mikro membentuk garis melalui rekahan yang tersingkap memanjang ke arah Timur Laut. Geometri rata-rata sesar: lebar 15,8 m, kedalaman 16,8 m dan Strike Dip Timur Laut (N37E/77). Penelitian selanjutnya akan dikaji tingkat kerawanan dan potensi likuifaksi dengan wilayah yang lebih luas menggunakan metode lain.
Nueva metodología para el estudio de la metrología, la modulación, la proporción y la composición en una edificación altomedieval. Ejemplo paradigmático: Santa Lucía del Trampal
Authors: Dols Juste Ignacio 
Published: February 2021

El estudio de la metrología, la modulación, la proporción o la composición en un edificio altomedieval puede arrojar muchas veces datos de interés que coadyuven al encuentro de datos que pudieran llegar a ser significativos. El problema muchas veces parte de la propia planta a estudiar, ya que tal edificación puede haber sido sometido a muchas transformaciones en su morfología, unas veces por el natural proceso de evolución funcional, con sucesivas ampliaciones o añadidos, otras por simples transformaciones a partir de deformaciones por deslizamientos, hundimientos o derribos, naturales o provocados. A partir de un levantamiento con medios más o menos convencionales, se analizan las deformaciones existentes en el edificio, tanto en la planta como en secciones y alzados, en un intento de fijar una metodología que permita alcanzar una representación gráfica del edificio original, al menos tanto como sea posible, sobre el que poder estudiar la modulación, la proporción o la composición con mayores expectativas de éxito.Para ello el presente trabajo elige como ejemplo paradigmático la basílica de Santa Lucía del Trampal, en el término municipal de Alcuéscar (Cáceres).
Methicillin Resistant and Biofi lm Producing Staphylococcus species Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates
Authors: Pandey Pawana , Bastola Anup , Shrestha Beena , Dahal Puspa Raj , Shah Pradeep Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To determine prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in different clinical specimens and biofilm production along with antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates.
Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital. Total 3091 clinical specimens like blood, urine, sputum, pus, swab, body fluid were processed. Identification was done on the basis of colony characteristics, gram staining, culture in Mannitol Salt Agar, coagulase and oxidation fermentation test. Antibiotic susceptibility test and biofilm detection were performed by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion methods and Tissue Culture Plate technique (TCP) respectively. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species were detected by using Cefoxitin disc.
Results: Out of 52 Staphylococcus species, 39 were Staphylococcus aureus and 13 were Coagulase negative Staphylococcus species. Highest numbers of Staphylococcus species were isolated from blood Sixteen (30.8%) were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 5(9.6%) were Methicillin resistant Coagulase negative Staphylococcus species. There was no significant association (p=0.25) between age group and prevalence of MRSA, MSSA, MRCoNS and MSCoNS. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species were resistant to antibiotics like amoxicillin, cloxacillin, erythromycin and higher sensitivity was found in gentamycin. Among 52 Staphylococcal isolates, 11(21.1%) were biofilm producers and 41(78.9%) were non biofilm producers. 90.9%of 90.9% of Biofilm producing Staphylococcus species were resistant towards penicillin and erythromycin
Conclusion: The study shows Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species were resistant to most antibiotics and rate of resistance was slightly higher in biofilm producing isolates comparing to other isolates. resistance. Regular surveillance of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus species and routine screening of biofilm production is important.
Detection of Metallo-β-Lactamases and Carbapenemase Production Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Burn Wound Infection
Authors: Maharjan Reshma , Shrestha Basudha , Shrestha Sanjit , Angbuhang Khadga Bikram , Lekhak Binod , Nepal Krishus , Upreti Milan Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The study aims to detect carbapenemase producing P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds and confirm MBL production by Imipenem-Combined disk method.
Method: A total of 310 non-repeated clinical specimens including tissues, pus aspirates, and wound swabs were processed using standard microbiological procedure. Each identified isolate of P. aeruginosa was subjected to in vitro antibiotic susceptibility test by using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Two imipenem (10μg) disks were placed on the surface of the agar plate in which one of them was added with 5μl of 0.5M EDTA solution. The result was interpreted after 18 hours of incubation at 37ºC by comparing the inhibition zone of imipenem and imipenem-EDTA disks. The increase in inhibition zone by ≥7mm with imipenem-EDTA disks than imipenem alone was considered as MBL Positive. Similarly, for detecting carbapenemase Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM) was used.
Results: P. aeruginosa was found to be the predominant organism (13.99%). Among 20 P. aeruginosa isolates resistant to imipenem and meropenem, 20% were found to be carbapenemase producer by mCIM assay and 15% were found to be MBL producers by Imipenem-Combined disk method. High percentage of MBL producing isolates of P. aeruginosa were found resistant towards tested antibiotics.
Conclusion: This study reports that the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have the ability to produce MBL. The increasing and rapid spread of P. aeruginosa, as well as the rate of drug resistance among the isolates, was found to be a worrisome situation.
Evaluation of Ground Water Quality of Kathmandu Valley and Antibiotic Susceptibility test against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Ghartimagar Samita , Khatri Puja , Neupane Swekshya , Joshi Dev Raj , Joshi Tista Prasai 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess quality status of ground water in Kathmandu valley and describe the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Methods: A total of 100 samples were collected from different places of Kathmandu valley with 50 each from two different groundwater sources namely boring and well. This study was conducted from June to September, 2019 at Environment and Climate Study Laboratory, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST). The physicochemical analysis of the samples was done according to standard methodology. Membrane filtration technique was performed for the enumeration of total coliform and different biochemical tests were performed for isolation and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for antibiotic susceptibility test.
Results: This study reveals the poor microbiological aspects of ground water sources as 98% of total water samples crossed the standard value for total coliform count. The pH, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate and iron content were found to be higher than Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS 2005) in 15%, 26%, 34%, 7% and 26% of total water samples respectively. The chloride and arsenic content in all the water samples were within the NDWQS, 2005. The 12 out of 18 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from ground water source were highly resistant against first generation Cefazolin however, 15 out of 18 isolates were sensitive to Chloramphenicol. Additionally, four isolates showed zone of inhibition in intermediate range provided by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guideline towards Imipenem and Meropenem.
Conclusion: This study concludes that ground water sources were heavily contaminated by coliform bacteria and most of the physicochemical aspects were under standard limit. Although Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from ground water were not multidrug resistant, one isolate was recorded to be resistant to Meropenem. These results alarm for circulation of antibiotic resistance in environmental bacterial isolates. Therefore, the appropriate water purification methods should be applied before consumption and should be examined periodically.
Field Evaluation of Native B. thuringiensis Isolates Against Aphids (Aphis fabae)
Authors: GC Ganga , Arjyal Charu 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the aphicidal activity of native Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains.
Methods: Soil samples of Provinces 2 and 3 of Nepal were collected randomly for isolation of Bt by acetate selection method. Bt were identified by observing insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) by Commassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) staining technique. Aphicidal activity of 12 B. thuringiensis isolates was evaluated by two processes. The preliminary screening was done by spraying the suspension containing the spore and ICPs mixture in Phaseolus species heavily infested with black aphids (Aphis fabae) in fi elds. The second process (selective bioassay) was done by counting the number of aphids (nymphs, instar, winged, wingless) before and after spraying 5ml of suspension containing the spore and ICPs mixture on the leaf or on the beans pods surface infested by Aphids. The mortality percentage of Aphids after treatment was calculated on the 4th day, by counting the live aphids and the result was recorded.
Results: Preliminary screening for aphicidal activity revealed that 4 isolates ML5(1), CW1(1), SN2(1) and MP2(1) producing spherical crystal protein, showed 100% mortality against nymphs, instar, winged and wingless Aphids. Isolates were effective in controlling the Aphid (Aphis fabae) within 4 days and the part of the plant that was sprayed becomes free of Aphids. Selective bioassay of native isolate MP3(3) was most effective in killing 95.83% of aphids followed by CW2(1), 85.71%, ML5(1), 77.34%, SN3(1), 72.72%, CW1(1), 70.21%.
Conclusion: This study revealed that indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis of Terai region of Nepal are effective in controlling Aphids.
PMDB Masyarakat Tanggap Sampah Melalui Teknologi Biopori Di Kota Tebing Tinggi
Authors: Amrizal Amrizal , Fauzi Indra , Fadli Fadli , Samiran Samiran 
Published: February 2021

Ada lima kecamatan di Kota Tebing Tinggi pada musim hujan airnya sering tergenang- genang, artinya daya serap tanahnya kurang. Semakin berkurangnya jumlah tanah kosong dan semakin padatnya bangunan-bangunan, hal itu semua akan menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan harmoni alam, yang berakibat banjir, ditambah juga kurangnya lahan pertamanan serta area terbuka hijau. Untuk itu perlu di buat solusi berupa lubang biopori guna mengurangi dampak akibat air tergenang. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ditujukan untuk problem solving komprehensif dan bermakna, tuntas dan berkelanjutan. Pelaksanaan Pengabdian Masyarakat Desa Binaan yaitu kerja sama antara Politeknik Negeri Medan dengan Dinas Perumahan, Kawasan Permukiman dan Kebersihan Kota Tebing Tinggi, yaitu berupa pembuatan 1.000 lubang biopori di halaman rumah, sekitar pepohonan, sekitar tempat parkir dan tempat terbuka lainnya. Tujuan dari pemasangan Biopori ini adalah memaksimalkan air yang meresap ke dalam tanah, membuat kompos alami dari sampah organic, mengurangi genangan air yang menimbulkan penyakit, mengurangi air hujan yang dibuang percuma ke laut, mengurangi resiko banjir di musim hujan, dan memaksimalisasi peran dan aktivitas flora dan fauna tanah. Pelaksanaan kegiatan telah dilakukan sejak bulan Nopember sampai Desember 2019 yang dilaksanakan oleh Tim UPPM Polmed yang terdiri dari 4 orang. Pada kegiatan ini berhasil dibuat 1.000 lubang di 11 kelurahan di Kota Tebing Tinggi. Kendala pembuatan biopori yaitu lahan yang ditimbuni dengan batu dan tanah yang keras sehingga kesulitan ketika dilakukan pengeboran, kendala kedua yaitu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada saat musim penghujan menyebabkan lahan banyak yang tergenang air bahkan terjadi banjir sehingga menambah waktu pengerjaan menjadi semakin panjang. pada masa mendatang kegiatan ini dapat dilanjutkan dengan mitra binaan yang akan memperoleh pendampingan untuk penanganan air genangan dan drainase perkotaan di Kota Tebing Tinggi.