bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping With COVID-19: The Impact of the Pandemic on Latina Immigrant Women’s Mental Health and Well-being
Authors: Ornelas India J. , Tornberg-Belanger Stephanie , Balkus Jennifer E. , Bravo Perla , Perez Solorio S. Adriana , Perez Georgina E. , Tran Anh N. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction We sought to describe how Latina immigrants living in King County coped with the pandemic, including their attitudes and behaviors related to COVID-19, and the impact of the pandemic on their mental health and wellbeing. Method We conducted surveys by phone with adult Spanish-speaking Latina immigrants ( n = 137) in the summer of 2020. Results Very few women had been infected with COVID-19, and 23% reported having been tested. Most frequent reasons for not being tested were not knowing where to go (14%), concerns over the cost (15%), and not wanting to know if they were infected (12%). Most participants had concerns about paying for housing (76%) and food (73%). Depression and anxiety symptoms were in the moderate range. Almost all participants were practicing recommended preventive behaviors. Conclusion Although few participants had COVID-19 infection, the pandemic had significant impacts on their mental health and ability to meet basic needs.
Anthropometric Criteria for Identifying Infants Under 6 Months of Age at Risk of Morbidity and Mortality: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hoehn Christoph , Lelijveld Natasha , Mwangome Martha , Berkley James A , McGrath Marie , Kerac Marko 
Published: October 2021

Background: There is increasing global focus on small and nutritionally at-risk infants aged <6 months (<6 m). Current WHO guidelines recommend weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) for enrolment to malnutrition treatment programmes but acknowledge a weak evidence-base. This review aims to inform future guidelines by examining which anthropometric criteria best identify infants <6 m at high risk of mortality/morbidity. Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health, Cochrane Library and POPLINE for studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries and published between 1990 and October 2020. We included studies reporting anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in infants <6 m and assessed the association with subsequent morbidity or mortality. Results: A total of 19 studies were included in the final review, covering 20 countries, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. WLZ had poor reliability and poor prognostic ability to identify infants at risk of death. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) were better at identifying infants at risk of mortality/morbidity. MUAC-for-age z-score did not perform better than using a single MUAC cut-off. Suggested MUAC cut-offs for this age group varied by context, ranging from 10.5 to 11.5 cm. The assessment for reliability showed that length was difficult to measure, making WLZ the least reliable indicator overall. Conclusion: Evidence from our review suggests that a change in current practice is necessary. To better identify small and nutritionally at-risk infants <6 m WAZ and/or MUAC rather than WLZ should be used. Future research should explore possible benefits for programme coverage, impact and cost-effectiveness. Research should also examine if context-specific MUAC thresholds are needed.
Low prevalence of doravirine-associated resistance mutations among polish human immunodeficiency-1 (HIV-1)–infected patients
Authors: Scheibe Kaja , Urbańska Anna , Jakubowski Paweł , Hlebowicz Maria , Bociąga-Jasik Monika , Raczyńska Aleksandra , Szymczak Aleksandra , Szetela Bartosz , Łojewski Władysław , Parczewski Miłosz 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Doravirine (DOR) is a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that retains activity against common NNRTI resistance mutations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of DOR resistance mutations compared with that of resistance mutations for other NNRTIs among HIV-1-infected treatment‐experienced and -naïve patients from Poland. Methods Resistance to DOR and other NNRTIs was assessed in two datasets: 1760 antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1 patients and 200 treatment‐experienced patients. All 1960 sequences were derived from the patients using bulk sequencing. For resistance analyses, Stanford HIV drug resistance database scores were used. Results Overall, DOR resistance was present in 32 patients (1.62%), of whom 13 (0.74%) were naïve and 19 (9.50%) were treatment-experienced. The most common DOR resistance mutations observed among the naïve patients were A98G and K101E (0.2% each), and those among cART-experienced patients were L100I (2.0%), K101E, V108I, H221Y, and P225H (1.5% each). Furthermore, among the naïve patients, less common resistance to DOR (0.7%) compared with that to nevirapine (NVP) (2.1%; p = 0.0013) and rilpivirine (5.40%; p < 0.0001) was observed. For sequences obtained from treatment-experienced patients, the frequency of resistance to DOR (9.5%) was lower than that for efavirenz (25.5%; p < 0.0001) and NVP (26.0%; p < 0.0001). Conclusions The frequency of transmitted drug resistance to DOR is low, allowing for effective treatment of antiretroviral treatment-naïve patients and rapid treatment initiation. In cART-experienced patients, this agent remains an attractive NNRTI option with a higher genetic barrier to resistance.
Development of sanitary napkins using corn husk fibres in absorbent layer – an exploratory study
Authors: Rastogi Deepali , Jain Archana , Chanana Bhawana 
Published: October 2021

Corn husk is an agro waste which poses a problem of its disposal. Hence, fibres were extracted from corn husk to utilize it. The fibres extracted from corn husk were coarse with linear density of 86 deniers, had bundle strength of 1.3 g/d and elongation at break of 18.5%. Water retention of corn husk fibres was also found to be 200%, which makes them suitable as absorbent material. Therefore, the possibility of using corn husk fibres in the absorbent layer of sanitary napkins was explored. Corn husk fibres were mixed with wood pulp in different proportions for use in sanitary napkins. The developed sanitary napkins were evaluated for various physical and hygiene parameters like pH, water retention, absorbency and ability to withstand pressure, disposability, bacterial and fungal bio-burden, and presence of common skin pathogens and compared with other sanitary napkins for all the parameters. The water retention and absorbency of corn husk napkins were comparable to branded napkins, which had higher absorbancy probably due to the presence of SAP in their absorbent layer or difference in the quality of top sheet and technology used to manufacture the napkins. The bacterial and fungal bio-burden for the developed napkins was found to be lowest and within acceptable limits of 1000 c.f.u/ml. The common skin pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and uterine pathogen Candida albicans were found to be absent. Thus, use of corn husk fibres for developing various absorbent hygiene products could be sought as an opportunity for transforming waste to useful products.
SR-5, the specific ratio of Korean multi-herbal formula: An evaluation of antiulcerogenic effects on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in mice
Authors: Kim Kyeong Jo , Kim Eun , Kang Wan Seok , Jeon Mijin , Choi Hakjoon , Lee Ki Hoon , Kim Mi-Hyeon , Kim Jin Seok , Na Chang-Su , Kim Sunoh 
Published: October 2021

Purpose Previously, we demonstrated that the specific ratio of Korean multi-herbal formula (SR-5) exhibits hepatoprotective properties against ethanol-induced hepatic damage in rats. Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is a major etiological factor involved in gastric disease and ulcer development induced by the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Methods The present study evaluated the gastroprotective effects of SR-5 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg) against hydrochloride acid/ethanol (HCl/EtOH)-induced and indomethacin/hydrochloride acid (INDO/HCl)-induced gastritis in a mouse model and the mechanisms involved. Results All the tested doses of SR-5 significantly inhibited gastric lesions in the HCl/EtOH-induced ulcer model mice. Similarly, all the tested doses of SR-5 significantly inhibited gastric lesions in the INDO/HCl-induced ulcer model mice. Furthermore, mice pretreated with SR-5 had significantly increased gastric levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, namely, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), with concomitant reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels compared with those in the HCl/EtOH or INDO/HCl group. SR-5 suppressed the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to their normal values. Conclusion These findings are the first to demonstrate the powerful protective effect of SR-5 against gastric injury development and provide hope for clinical application.
Renal outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with type-2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease confirmed by renal biopsy
Authors: Jing Na , Pan Mengxing , Song Yi , Guo Feng , Zhang Haohao , Wang Jiao , Cao Zhe , Liu Shiyu , Wu Lina , Ji Hongfei , Huang Fengjuan , Ding Xiaoxu , Qi Chang , Huang Sen , Yang Xinyu , Zhang Li , Song Chunhua , Qin Guijun , Zhao Yanyan 
Published: October 2021

Aim: To evaluate the renal outcomes and prognostic factors among patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D) and biopsy-confirmed diabetic nephropathy (DN), non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) and DN mixed with NDRD (MIX). Design and Methods: Patients with both T2D and chronic kidney disease (CKD) who underwent renal biopsy between January 2014 and December 2016 were recruited in this prospective observational study. Participants were divided into DN group, NDRD group, or MIX group according to the baseline pathological diagnosis. The primary endpoint was a composite renal event of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or ⩾ 40% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: Among the 292 participants included, 153 (52.4%) belonged to the DN group, 30 (10.3%) belonged to the NDRD group, and 109 (37.3%) belonged to the MIX group. During the median follow-up of 27 months, the adverse renal events occurred in 132 (44.2%) patients. Compared with NDRD group, the multiple adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for renal events in patients with DN and MIX groups were 3.900 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.103–13.788) and 2.691 (95% CI: 0.662–10.936), respectively. Baseline lower eGFR (HR: 1.159, 95% CI: 1.060–1.266), severe proteinuria (HR: 2.047, 95% CI: 1.227–3.416), lower hemoglobin (HR: 1.170, 95% CI: 1.008–1.267), and a family history of diabetes (HR: 1.138, 95% CI: 1.008–2.285) were independent predictors for adverse renal outcomes in patients with DN. Conclusion: In patients with T2D and CKD, pure DN and MIX group displayed a worse renal prognosis than NDRD group. Worse renal function, severe proteinuria, lower hemoglobin, and a family history of diabetes may be associated with adverse renal outcomes in patients with DN.
The Quality of Life, Patient Satisfaction and Rehabilitation in Patients With a Low Energy Fracture—Part III of an Observational Study
Authors: van der Vet Puck C. R. , Kusen Jip Q. , Rohner-Spengler Manuela , Link Bjoern-Christian , Verleisdonk Egbert-Jan M. M. , Knobe Matthias , Henzen Christoph , Schmid Lukas , Babst Reto , Beeres Frank J. P. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Due to the aging population the incidence of Low Energy Fractures (LEF) increases. LEF have high mortality and morbidity rates and often cause elderly to lose independence. Patient-reported outcomes, such as Quality of Life (QoL) and patient satisfaction (PS) are needed to evaluate treatment, estimate cost-benefit analyses, and to improve clinical decision-making and patient-centered care. Objective The primary goal was to evaluate QoL and PS in patients with LEF, and to compare QoL scores to the community dwelling population. Second, we observed the amount and type of physiotherapy (PT) sessions the patients conducted. Methods A single-center cohort study was conducted in Switzerland. Patients between 50 and 85 years, who were treated in the hospital for LEF, were followed 1 year after initial fracture. Data on QoL were obtained through the Euroqol-5-Dimension questionnaire-3-Level (EQ-5D-3L) and the EQ VAS (visual analog scale). PS was measured by a VAS on satisfaction with treatment outcome. Data on PT sessions, mobility and use of analgesics were collected by telephone interviews and written surveys. Results were compared between the different fracture locations and subgroup analyses were performed for age categories. Results 411 patients were included for analysis. The median scores of the EQ-5D-3L index—VAS and PS were 0.90 (0.75–1.0), 90 (71.3–95) and 100 (90–100). Significant differences in all scores were found between fracture location ( P < .05), with hip fracture patients and patients with a malleolar fracture scoring lowest in all measures. QoL index in hip fracture patients was 0.76 (0.70–1.00), QoL VAS 80 (70–90), and PS 95 (80–100). Median amount of PT sessions in all patients was 18 (9–27) and a significant difference was found between fracture locations. Patients with a fracture of the humerus received the highest amount of PT sessions 27 (18–36), hip fracture patients had a median of 18 (9–27) sessions. Conclusion At follow-up, QoL throughout all patients with a LEF was comparable to a normal population. Remarkably, though hip fracture patients seem to suffer from a clinically relevant loss of QoL, they received fewer PT sessions and performed fewer long-lasting home training than patients with a humerus fracture. Intensive, progressive rehabilitation with a high frequency of supervised training is recommended after hip fracture. The low frequency of PT sessions found in this study is unsatisfying. In hip fracture patients and in patients with a malleolar fracture, especially when aged over 75 years, more efforts are required to improve rehabilitation and subsequently QoL.
Has India’s Employment Guarantee Program Achieved Intended Targets?
Authors: Reddy A. Amarender , Singha Roy Namrata , Pradeep Divya 
Published: October 2021

This paper explores the performance of the world’s largest employment guarantee program, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in India, both nationally and through a sub-national-level comparison based on key performance indicators viz. (i) financial indicators, (ii) physical performance indicators, and (iii) inclusiveness indicators. The paper is based on administrative data taken from the Ministry of Rural Development from 2006 to 2019. Despite sharp increases in fund allocation, total expenditures, and utilization rates, there was deceleration in majority of physical performance indicators after 2016, including total person-days employment and person-days of employment per household, with wide variation in sub-national level implementation capabilities. The finding also rejects the falsity of saturation of MGNREGA work in the rural areas, which is reflected in a strong positive correlation between fund allocation and employment generation. Its broader objective of social safety net for vulnerable people in rural areas shows an achievement, although with some gaps in implementation. JEL classification: H53, J43, P25
Surgery for Metastatic Spinal Disease in Octogenarians and Above: Analysis of 78 Patients
Authors: Hussain Ibrahim , Hartley Benjamin R. , McLaughlin Lily , Reiner Anne S. , Laufer Ilya , Bilsky Mark H. , Barzilai Ori 
Published: October 2021

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study. Objective: Octogenarians living with spinal metastases are a challenging population to treat. Our objective was to identify the rate, types, management, and predictors of complications and survival in octogenarians following surgery for spinal metastases. Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively collected cohort of patients aged 80 years or older who underwent surgery for metastatic spinal tumor treatment between 2008 and 2019 were included. Demographic, intraoperative, complications, and postoperative follow-up data was collected. Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression were used to associate variables with overall survival and postoperative complications, respectively. Results: 78 patients (mean 83.6 years) met inclusion criteria. Average operative time and blood loss were 157 minutes and 615 mL, respectively. The median length of stay was 7 days. The overall complication rate was 31% (N = 24), with 21% considered major and 7% considered life-threatening or fatal. Blood loss was significantly associated with postoperative complications (OR = 1.002; P = 0.02) and mortality (HR = 1.0007; P = 0.04). Significant associations of increased risk of death were also noted with surgeries with decompression, and cervical/cervicothoracic index level of disease. For deceased patients, median time to death was 4.5 months. For living patients, median follow-up was 14.5 months. The Kaplan-Meier based median overall survival for the cohort was 11.6 months (95% CI: 6.2-19.1). Conclusions: In octogenarians undergoing surgery with instrumentation for spinal metastases, the median overall survival is 11.6 months. There is an increased complication rate, but only 7% are life-threatening or fatal. Patients are at increased risk for complications and mortality particularly when performing decompression with stabilization, with increasing intraoperative blood loss, and with cervical/cervicothoracic tumors.
Evaluation of Central Sensitization Inventory in Patients Undergoing Elective Spine Surgery in a Multicenter Study
Authors: Akeda Koji , Yamada Junichi , Takegami Norihiko , Fujiwara Tatsuhiko , Murata Koichiro , Kono Toshibumi , Sudo Takao , Imanishi Takao , Asanuma Yumiko , Kurata Tatsuya , Kawakita Eiji , Sakakibara Toshihiko , Kondo Tetsushi , Takegami Kenji , Sato Masayoshi , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: October 2021

Study Design This study is a retrospective review. Objective Central sensitization (CS) is a neurological phenomenon that involves hypersensitivity of the central nervous system. The central sensitization inventory (CSI) was developed as a screening tool to assess CS-related symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of preoperative CSI scores with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including neurological symptoms for patients who underwent spine surgeries in a multicenter study. Methods A consecutive 673 patients who underwent spine surgery at 8 different institutions were included in this study. Preoperative CSI scores were assessed for all subjects. The participants completed the following PROMs: the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) back pain evaluation questionnaire (JOABPEQ) for lumbar spinal diseases, and the JOA cervical myelopathy evaluation questionnaire (JOACMEQ) for cervical spinal diseases. The association of CSI scores with PROMs was statistically evaluated. Results The average CSI score for the total subjects was 23.6 ± 13.5. The subjects with CS-related symptoms (CSI ≥ 40) were 13.2% (n = 89). The CSI score showed a significant and weak-to-moderate correlation with the PROMs including neurological symptoms that included all the domains of the JOACMEQ for cervical spinal diseases, and JOABPEQ and ODI for lumbar spinal diseases. Among these, psychological factors had the most influence on the correlation with CSI score. Conclusion Central sensitization evaluated by the CSI is related to neurological symptoms and health-related quality of life in patients undergoing elective spine surgery.
Oral Health Status and Oral Health–Related Quality of Life of First Nations and Metis Children
Authors: Lee J. , Schroth R.J. , Sturym M. , DeMaré D. , Rosteski M. , Batson K. , Chartrand F. , Bertone M.F. , Kennedy T. , Hai-Santiago K. ,   the Scaling-up Healthy Smile Happy Child Team,   Pine Creek First Nation,   Manitoba Metis Federation
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To assess the oral health status and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young First Nations and Metis children. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the oral health status of Indigenous children <72 mo of age while their parents/caregivers completed a questionnaire, including the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), to assess OHRQoL. Analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multiple regression. A P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Overall, 146 children were recruited with a mean age of 40.1 ± 21.2 (SD) months, and 49% were male. Among First Nations children, 65.4% had early childhood caries (ECC) as compared with 45.2% among Metis children (P = 0.025). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of severe ECC (S-ECC) between First Nations and Metis children (60.6% v. 42.9%, P = 0.051). The mean decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) score was 4.9 ± 5.3 (range 0–20), and the mean decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs) score was 14.5 ± 20.4 (range 0–80). The total mean ECOHIS score was 4.4 ± 5.9 (range 0–25), while the mean Child Impact Section and Family Impact Section scores were 2.6 ± 4.0 (range 0–10) and 1.8 ± 2.8 (range 0–8), respectively. Multiple linear regression showed S-ECC was associated with total mean ECOHIS scores (P = 0.02). Higher total mean ECOHIS scores (which indicates poorer OHRQoL) were observed in children with ECC compared with caries-free children (5.8 v. 2.4, P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Oral health disparities such as ECC and reduced OHRQoL exist among many First Nations and Metis children in Manitoba. This is the first Canadian study exploring the OHRQoL of Indigenous children in addition to their oral health status. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study is the first to report on the oral health–related quality of life and its relationship to early childhood caries (ECC) among young Canadian First Nations and Metis children. Metis children are just as likely to suffer from severe ECC than First Nations children. The findings of this study have informed community-based and community-developed oral health promotion and ECC prevention activities.