bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of V̇o 2 to the Critical Power Model to Derive the Critical V̇o 2
Authors: Succi Pasquale J. , Dinyer Taylor K. , Byrd M. Travis , Voskuil Caleb C. , Bergstrom Haley C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Succi, PJ, Dinyer, TK, Byrd, MT, Voskuil, CC, and Bergstrom, HC. Application of V̇o
2 to the critical power model to derive the critical V̇o
2. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3374–3380, 2022—The purposes of this study were to (a) determine whether the critical power (CP) model could be applied to V̇o
2 to estimate the critical V̇o
2 (CV̇o
2) and (b) to compare the CV̇o
2 with the V̇o
2 at CP (V̇o
2CP), the ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and the CV̇o
2 without the V̇o
2 slow component (CV̇o
2slow). Nine subjects performed a graded exercise test to exhaustion to determine V̇o
2peak, VT, and RCP. The subjects performed 4 randomized, constant power output work bouts to exhaustion. The time to exhaustion (TLim), the total work (WLim), and the total volume of oxygen consumed with (TV̇o
2) and without the slow component (TV̇o
2slow) were recorded during each trial. The linear regressions of the TV̇o
2 vs. TLim, TV̇o
2slow vs. TLim, and WLim vs. TLim relationship were performed to derive the CV̇o
2, CV̇o
2slow, and CP, respectively. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05) with follow-up Sidak-Bonferroni corrected pairwise comparisons indicated that CV̇o
2 (42.49 ± 3.22 ml·kg−1·min−1) was greater than VT (30.80 ± 4.66 ml·kg−1·min−1; p < 0.001), RCP (36.74 ± 4.49 ml·kg−1·min−1; p = 0.001), V̇o
2CP (36.76 ± 4.31 ml·kg−1·min−1; p < 0.001), and CV̇o
2slow (38.26 ± 2.43 ml·kg−1·min−1; p < 0.001). However, CV̇o
2slow was not different than V̇o
2CP (p = 0.140) or RCP (p = 0.235). Thus, the CP model can be applied to V̇o
2 to derive the CV̇o
2 and theoretically is the highest metabolic steady state that can be maintained for an extended period without fatigue. Furthermore, the ability of the CV̇o
2 to quantify the metabolic cost of exercise and the inefficiency associated with the V̇o
2 slow component may provide a valuable tool for researchers and coaches to examine endurance exercise.
„Gap cases“ in der formellen Fusionskontrolle der FKVO?
Authors: Apel Katharina , Polley Romina 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der von der Kommission im März 2021 veröffentlichte Leitfaden zur Anwendung von Art. 22 FKVO ermutigt die nationalen Wettbewerbsbehörden dazu, auch Zusammenschlussvorhaben an die Kommission zu verweisen, die die nationalen Fusionskontrollschwellen nicht erreichen und ansonsten einer Fusionskontrolle in der EU entgehen. Im Mittelpunkt des Interesses der Kommission stehen dabei sog. Killer-Akquisitionen. Die neue Verweisungspraxis stellt einen der bedeutendsten Richtungswechsel in der formellen Fusionskontrolle seit dem Erlass der geänderten FKVO im Jahr 2004 dar und wurde im Verfahren Illumina/Grail schon vor Veröffentlichung des Leitfadens angewendet. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert die Entstehungsgeschichte, Inhalt, Sinn und Zweck des Leitfadens und zeigt mögliche Risiken dieser gravierenden wettbewerbspolitischen Änderung auf. Es wird gezeigt, dass die von der Kommission unterstellte Regelungslücke nicht eindeutig empirisch belegt ist. Selbst wenn man eine Regelungslücke unterstellen würde, bleiben Zweifel an der Geeignetheit der neuen Kommissionspraxis, diese zu schließen. Auch einige nationale Wettbewerbsbehörden haben im Fall Illumina/Grail bereits Bedenken angemeldet, ob sie zur Verweisung unterhalb ihrer Schwellenwerte überhaupt befugt sind. Es ist fraglich, ob die neue Verweisungspraxis noch vom Sinn und Zweck des Art. 22 FKVO einer effizienten Fallverteilung gedeckt ist. Angesichts der systematischen Erfassung neuer Fallgruppen zielt der Leitfaden vielmehr auf die Schaffung zusätzlicher Kompetenzen der Kommission bei der Prüfung auch national nicht anmeldepflichtiger Zusammenschlussvorhaben, ohne die FKVO zu ändern. Der Beitrag erörtert die mit der neuen Verweisungspolitik verbundenen Konflikte mit den allgemeinen Prinzipien in der Kommissionmitteilung zur Verweisung von Fusionssachen und den ECA-Prinzipien, die erheblichen negativen Auswirkungen auf die materielle und prozedurale Rechtssicherheit und Rechtsschutzmöglichkeiten. Eine zeitnahe Überarbeitung des Leitfadens, in der Safe Harbors für bestimmte Fallgestaltungen und Industrien sowie in zeitlicher Hinsicht geschaffen werden, wäre wünschenswert. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert der Beitrag abschließend alternative fusionskontrollrechtliche Ansätze, die jedoch alle eine Änderung der FKVO erfordern und damit die Herausforderung beinhalten, Einstimmigkeit im Rat zu erzielen.
Paradigmenwechsel im Kartellbußgeldverfahren?
Authors: Kallfaß Gunnar 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Anfang des Jahres verabschiedete 10. GWB-Novelle bringt substantielle Änderungen für das Kartellbußgeldverfahren. Diese im Schatten der „Digitalthemen“ stehenden Teile der Reform dienen der Umsetzung der sogenannten ECN+-Richtlinie und bilden einen weiteren Schritt in der sukzessiven Europäisierung und damit einhergehenden Verselbständigung des Rechtsrahmens der Kartellverfolgung. Der deutsche Gesetzgeber ist allerdings vor dem großen Schritt eines Übergangs zu einem einheitlichen Kartellverwaltungsverfahren nach dem Vorbild der Europäischen Kommission zurückgeschreckt und hat sich stattdessen für Ergänzungen und Modifikationen des herkömmlichen Regimes für Bußgeldverfahren entschieden. Diese betreffen insbesondere die Ermittlungsbefugnisse und die Stellung der Behörde im gerichtlichen Verfahren. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die wesentlichen Neuerungen und geht vertieft auf einige der zentralen Rechtsfragen ein.
Private Enforcement im Beihilferecht
Authors: Kirchhoff Wolfgang 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Während Private Enforcement im Kartellrecht seit Jahren zentrales Thema in Deutschland und Europa ist, findet das Private Enforcement im Beihilferecht kaum Beachtung. Der Beitrag will Interesse für dieses entwicklungsfähige Rechtsgebiet wecken, stellt die möglichen Fallkonstellationen vor und geht insbesondere auf Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Parallelen zum Kartellschadensersatz ein. Besondere Schwierigkeiten wird die Schadensermittlung im Beihilferecht aufwerfen.
Opioid Use Disorder and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Piske Micah , Homayra Fahmida , Min Jeong E. , Zhou Haoxuan , Marchand Carolyn , Mead Annabel , Ng Jennifer , Woolner Megan , Nosyk Bohdan 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES
Evidence on the perinatal health of mother-infant dyads affected by opioids is limited. Elevated risks of opioid-related harms for people with opioid use disorder (OUD) increase the urgency to identify protective factors for mothers and infants. Our objectives were to determine perinatal outcomes after an OUD diagnosis and associations between opioid agonist treatment and birth outcomes.

METHODS
We conducted a population-based retrospective study among all women with diagnosed OUD before delivery and within the puerperium period in British Columbia, Canada, between 2000 and 2019 from provincial health administrative data. Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, we determined associations of opioid agonist treatment on birth weight, gestational age, infant disorders related to gestational age and birth weight, and neonatal abstinence syndrome via logistic regression.

RESULTS
The population included 4574 women and 6720 live births. Incidence of perinatal OUD increased from 166 in 2000 to 513 in 2019. Compared with discontinuing opioid agonist treatment during pregnancy, continuous opioid agonist treatment reduced odds of preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio: 0.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.4–0.8) and low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio: 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.2–0.7). Treatment with buprenorphine-naloxone (compared with methadone) reduced odds of each outcome including neonatal abstinence syndrome (adjusted odds ratio: 0.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.4–0.9).

CONCLUSIONS
Perinatal OUD in British Columbia tripled in incidence over a 20-year period. Sustained opioid agonist treatment during pregnancy reduced the risk of adverse birth outcomes, highlighting the need for expanded services, including opioid agonist treatment to support mothers and infants.
СТРУКТУРА 1-ЕТОКСИ-3A,8A-ДИГІДРОКСИ-3-(1-НАФТІЛ)МЕТИЛ-1,3,3A,8A-ТЕТРАГІДРОІНДЕНО[1,2-D]ІМІДАЗОЛ-2,8-ДІОНУ
Authors: В. Штамбург Василь , В. Штамбург Віктор , А. Аніщенко Андрій , Б. Русанов Едуард , В. Кравченко Світлана 
Published: September 2021

Мета. Синтез та встановлення будови 1-етокси-3a,8a-дигідрокси-3-(1-нафтіл)метил-1,3,3a,8a-тетрагідроіндено[1,2-d]імідазол-2,8-діону. Метод. РСА аналіз отриманих структур. Результати. У молекулі 1-етокси-3aS,8aR-дигідрокси-3-(1-нафтіл)метил-1,3,3a,8a-тетрагідроіндено[1,2-d]імідазол-2,8-діону гідроксильні групи в положеннях 3a- и 8a- знаходяться в цисоїдній орієнтації . Спостерігається подовження зв’язків C(3a)–C(8a) и C(8)–C(8a).
Design of a direct current motor with a windingless rotor for electric vehicles
Authors: Ivliev Dmytro , Kosenkov Volodymyr , Vynakov Oleksandr , Savolova Elvira , Yarmolovych Viktoria 
Published: September 2021

Modern electric vehicles typically exploit synchronous motors with magnetoelectric excitation as traction engines. While possessing a series of undeniable advantages, the synchronous motor has one significant drawback ‒ the high cost predetermined by the high price of permanent magnets. In addition, the impossibility to disable a magnetic field in case of engine malfunction can lead to an emergency on the road. Given this, there is a need to design new structures of electrical machines with electromagnetic excitation.
The structure of a DC traction motor with electromagnetic excitation involving the rotor or stator segmentation makes it possible to considerably weaken the field of the armature transverse reaction by decreasing magnetic conductivity of the magnetic circuit in the transverse direction. Therefore, such a structure lacks commutating poles and a compensation winding. There are no permanent magnets in the structure, all windings are stationary, an electronic switch is used instead of a collector, and a windingless low-inertia rotor does not require additional measures to remove heat. That all has made it possible to significantly reduce the cost of active materials for the traction engine and improve its reliability.
To test the performance of the new design, a full-size model of the engine and a working experimental prototype were fabricated. Applying a synchronous jet engine with magnetization for the BMW i3 electric car as an analog, the engine calculations were performed and its simulation was carried out. The results of the analysis show that the mass of the new engine is 35 % greater than the mass of the analog but the cost of active materials is less than that of the analog by 63 %. The results testify to the possibility of implementing a given structure industrially
Determining optimal process parameters for sprouting buckwheat as a base for a food seasoning of improved quality
Authors: Serikbaeva Ayana , Tnymbaeva Bagimkul , Mardar Maryna , Tkachenko Nataliіa , Ibraimova Saniya , Uazhanova Raushangul 
Published: September 2021

In order to determine the influence of temperature and time of germination of the Bogatyr variety buckwheat on a change in the content of vitamins E, C, and B group, the germination parameters were optimized when developing a new type of seasoning. To optimize the germination parameters, the response surface methodology was used. The maximum total content of B, E, and C group vitamins in the sprouted buckwheat (4.591 mg/100 g) was observed at a temperature of 21.5 °C and the duration of germination of 3 days.
The Bogatyr variety buckwheat was sprouted for 4 days. Changes in the nutritional and biological value of the sprouted grains were registered after 24 hours. Based on the comparative chemical analysis, it was established that the content of protein, fiber, vitamins, amino acids increases during the germination of buckwheat in comparison with the control sample. The protein content on day 4 increases by 1.38 times compared to control. At the same time, the mass fraction of carbohydrates on day 4 is reduced by 1.57 times; the mass fraction of fat ‒ by 2 times.
It was established that the prototype seasoning that contains 30 % of sprouted buckwheat is characterized by a higher content of protein, vitamins, micro-and macronutrients compared to the control sample (without the addition of sprouted buckwheat). Adding the sprouted buckwheat grain to the seasoning has made it possible to increase by 25 % the antioxidant activity of the finished product compared to the control sample, which is 259.09 and 383.72 mg/100 g, respectively. In terms of safety indicators, the new product fully complies with the requirements for sanitary and hygienic safety.
The results reported here give reasons to recommend the production of a new type of seasonings of enhanced nutritional value based on the sprouted Bogatyr variety buckwheat, which could expand and improve the quality of nutrition
Studying the process of extracting sugary substances from the stalks of sweet sorghum in the technology of making food syrups
Authors: Husiatynska Nataliia , Hryhorenko Nataliia , Kalenyk Olha , Husiatynskyi Mykola , Teterina Svitlana 
Published: September 2021

The need to intensify the process of extracting sugar substances from sweet sorghum stalks in order to improve the quality and yield of the target product has been substantiated. Existing techniques of sugar substance extraction used in sweet sorghum processing technologies have been analyzed. The application of a combined technique for extracting sugary substances has been proposed implying the production of pressed and diffusion juice.
The results of optimizing the press technique of juice extraction from sorghum stalks are given. The equations of material balance of products and sugars have been built, depending on such factors as the degree of pressing, the initial content of solids and sugars in the stalks. A procedure for calculating the yield of pressed juice, cake, and the content of total sugars has been devised, according to which the preliminary pressing of the stalks ensures the extraction of juice in the range of 25‒35 %, the yield of the pressed cake is 75‒65 % on average, with a sugar content exceeding 60 %.
It has been experimentally established that the use of the anti-current process of extraction of sugar substances from the pressed cake ensures their complete extraction from raw materials.
The rational parameters for this process have been defined. At a temperature of 66–70 °C and a duration of 20 minutes, it is possible to obtain an extract whose content of solids is 13.0 %, total sugars ‒ 11.10 %, and whose purity is 85.38 %.
The research was carried out in order to intensify the extraction of sugar substances from sweet sorghum plant raw materials, to improve the technical level of the extraction process, and implement the devised method under industrial conditions. Further implementation of these results in the food industry could make it possible to establish the production of a wide range of sugar-containing products, both organically and as a natural substitute for sugar in food products.
Development of a topology optimization method for the design of composite lattice ring structures
Authors: Hu Zheng , Vambol Oleksii , Sun Shiping , Zeng Qinglong 
Published: September 2021

Composite lattice ring structures are known for their lightweight and high efficiency, which have a strong attraction in the aeronautical and aerospace industries. The general manufacturing process for such structures is to use wet filament winding technology. Due to the anisotropic properties of continuous fibers, the filament winding trajectory determines the mechanical properties of the composite lattice ring structures. In this work, a topology optimization method is proposed to generate the efficient filament winding trajectory, which follows the load transfer path of the composite part and can offer higher mechanical strengths. To satisfy the periodicity requirement of the structure, the design space is divided into a prescribed number of identical substructures during the topology optimization process. In order to verify the effectiveness and capability of the proposed approach, the topological design of ring structures with the different number of substructures, the ratio of outer to inner radius and the loading case is investigated. The results reflect that the optimal topology shape strongly depends on the substructure numbers, radius ratio and loading case. Moreover, the compliance of the optimized structures increases with the total number of substructures, while the structural efficiency of the optimized structures decreases with the radius ratio. Finally, taking the specified topological structure as the object, the conceptual design of a robotic filament winding system for manufacturing the composite lattice ring structure is presented. In particular, the forming tooling, integrated deposition system, winding trajectory and manufacturing process are carefully defined, which can provide valuable references for practical production in the future
Short-term forecast of fire in the premises based on modification of the Brown’s zero-order model
Authors: Pospelov Boris , Rybka Evgenіy , Krainiukov Olekcii , Yashchenko Oleksandr , Bezuhla Yuliia , Bielai Serhii , Kochanov Eduard , Hryshko Svitlana , Poltavski Eduard , Nepsha Oleksandr 
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the rationale for the modification of Brown’s zero-order model, which ensures increased accuracy of the short-term fire forecast based on the use of the current measure of recurrence in the increments of the state of the air environment in the premises. A special feature of the proposed model modification is that the a priori model of the dynamics of the level of the time series of the measure of the current recurrence of increments in the air environment states determined by the dangerous factors of the fire has been modified. In this case, it is proposed that the new a priori model should take into consideration additionally the value of the current increments of the level of the studied time series. That makes it possible to negligibly reduce errors of the short-term forecast of fire in the premises without significantly complicating Brown’s zero-order model while retaining all its implementing advantages. The provided accuracy of the forecast for one step in advance on the basis of a time series of measures of the current recurrence of increments of the state of the air environment, determined from the experimental data during the ignition of alcohol and timber in a laboratory chamber, has been investigated. The considered quantitative indicators of forecast accuracy are the absolute and average errors exponentially smoothed with a parameter of 0.4. It has been established that for the proposed modification the value of the average absolute error does not exceed 0.02 %. That means that an error of the short-term forecast of a fire in the premises based on the proposed modification is an order of magnitude less than that in the case of using known Brown’s model at the smoothing parameter from an unclustered set. The results from the ignition of alcohol and timber in the laboratory chamber, in general, indicate significant advantages of using the proposed modification of Brown’s zero-order model for a short-term forecast of a fire in the premises.
Development of brain tumor segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using U-Net deep learning
Authors: Jwaid Wasan M. , Al-Husseini Zainab Shaker Matar , Sabry Ahmad H. 
Published: September 2021

Brain tumors are the growth of abnormal cells or a mass in a brain. Numerous kinds of brain tumors were discovered, which need accurate and early detection techniques. Currently, most diagnosis and detection methods rely on the decision of neuro-specialists and radiologists to evaluate brain images, which may be time-consuming and cause human errors. This paper proposes a robust U-Net deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model that can classify if the subject has a tumor or not based on Brain Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with acceptable accuracy for medical-grade application. The study built and trained the 3D U-Net CNN including encoding/decoding relationship architecture to perform the brain tumor segmentation because it requires fewer training images and provides more precise segmentation. The algorithm consists of three parts; the first part, the downsampling part, the bottleneck part, and the optimum part. The resultant semantic maps are inserted into the decoder fraction to obtain the full-resolution probability maps. The developed U-Net architecture has been applied on the MRI scan brain tumor segmentation dataset in MICCAI BraTS 2017. The results using Matlab-based toolbox indicate that the proposed architecture has been successfully evaluated and experienced for MRI datasets of brain tumor segmentation including 336 images as training data and 125 images for validation. This work demonstrated comparative performance and successful feasibility of implementing U-Net CNN architecture in an automated framework of brain tumor segmentations in Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR Slices. The developed U-Net CNN model succeeded in performing the brain tumor segmentation task to classify the input brain images into a tumor or not based on the MRI dataset.
Determining the main regularities in the process of mineral fertilizer granule encapsulation in the fluidized bed apparatus
Authors: Ostroha Ruslan , Yukhymenko Mykola , Bocko Jozef , Artyukhov Artem , Krmela Jan 
Published: September 2021

This paper has substantiated the expediency and prospects of obtaining organomineral fertilizers by encapsulating mineral granules with an organic suspension in fluidized bed apparatuses. An overview of existing approaches to the mathematical description of the kinetics of granule growth in granulation processes in fluidized bed apparatuses is presented. A mathematical model of the kinetics of the formation of a hard shell around granules in a fluidized bed has been built. It shows that the kinetics depend on the size of the retour particles, the specific flow rate of the suspension, the density of the suspension and granules, and the time of the process. Equations have been derived for determining the thickness of the hard shell and the specific flow rate of the suspension for individual granulation stages in a multi-stage granulator of the fluidized layer. Analytically, graphical dependences were built, which showed an increase in the thickness of the hard shell due to an increase in the specific flow rate of the suspension, the diameter of the retour particles, and the time of the encapsulation process. The equations make it possible to determine the rational regime and technological parameters of the encapsulation process in order to obtain a coating of the predefined thickness at the surface of the granules. This ensures that a quality product is obtained, with a granulometric composition in a narrower range of particle size. To obtain granules of 2.5–4 mm in size, it is necessary to carry out the process in three- or four-stage granulators of the fluidized bed at specific suspension consumption of (10–20)∙10-4 kg/(kg∙s.). It is shown that with uniform growing of granules with a constant increase in the thickness of the shell in multistage granulators, the suspension consumption decreases by 2‒3 times from the first stage to the subsequent ones. This approach reduces the operating and energy costs of the process.