bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rater agreement for assessment of equine back mobility at walk and trot compared to quantitative gait analysis
Authors: Spoormakers T. J. P. , Graat E. A. M. , Serra Bragança F. M. , Weeren P. R. van , Brommer H. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Lameness assessment in horses is still predominantly performed using subjective methods. Visual assessment is known to have moderate to good intra-rater agreement but relatively poor inter-rater agreement. Little is known about inter- and intra-rater agreement on the evaluation of back motion, for which no objective measurement technique in a clinical setting is available thus far.

Objectives
To describe inter- and intra-rater agreement of visual evaluation of equine back mobility.

Study design
Rater reliability study using a fully crossed design in which all horses are rated by all observers. This data is compared with objective gait analysis.

Methods
Seventy equine professionals (veterinarians and physiotherapists) and veterinary students evaluated videos of 12 healthy horses at walk and trot on a hard, straight line. Nine parameters related to back mobility were scored: general mobility, thoracic, lumbar, lumbosacral flexion and extension and left and right thoracolumbar latero-flexion. All parameters were compared with simultaneously measured quantitative motion parameters. After 1 month, six randomly chosen horses were re-evaluated by 57 observers.

Results
For each parameter inter- and intra-rater agreements were calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients. For all parameters, inter-rater agreement was very poor (<0.2). The mean intra-rater agreement of all observers and for all parameters was poor (~0.4) but varied between 0.0 and 0.96 for individual observers. There was no correlation between the visual subjective scoring and objective gait analysis measurements.

Main limitations
Horses were scored from videos and by lack of any existing (semi-) quantitative system, a custom-made system had to be used.

Conclusions
The poor inter- and intra-rater agreements of visual scoring of mobility of the equine back and the disagreement between subjective and objective gait analysis data, demonstrate the need for the development and introduction of objective, quantitative and repeatable techniques to assess equine back motion.
Comparative efficacy of treatments for previously treated patients with advanced esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Shuiyu , Liu Tingting , Chen Jun , Li Guang , Dang Jun 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIt remains unclear which treatment is the most effective for previously treated patients with advanced esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer. We conducted a network meta-analysis to address this important issue.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant phase II and III randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Overall survival (OS) was the primary outcome of interest, which was reported as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsSixteen RCTs involving 3372 patients and evaluating 15 treatments were included in this network meta-analysis. Ramucirumab+chemotherapy (CT) (HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35–0.77) and use of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, including camrelizumab (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57–0.88), sintilimab (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50–0.98), nivolumab (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62–0.94), and pembrolizumab (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72–0.98), conferred better OS than CT; however, this OS benefit was not observed for PD-L1 inhibitor (avelumab) and other target agents (trastuzumab, everolimus, gefitinib, and anlotinib). In subgroup analysis, ramucirumab+CT and pembrolizumab showed significant improvement in OS, when compared to CT, in esophageal/EGJ adenocarcinoma (AC) cases; moreover, all PD-1 inhibitors had significant OS advantage over CT in treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Based on treatment ranking in terms of OS, ramucirumab+CT and camrelizumab were ranked the best treatments for patients with AC and SCC, respectively.ConclusionsRamucirumab+CT and PD-1 inhibitors were superior to CT for previously treated cases of advanced esophageal/EGJ cancer. Ramucirumab+CT seemed to be the most effective treatment in patients with esophageal/EGJ AC, while use of PD-1 inhibitors, especially camrelizumab, was likely to be the optimal treatment in patients with esophageal SCC.
Killing Joke: Are You Receiving?, Jyrki ‘Spider’ Hämäläinen (2020)
Authors: Zager Brian 
Published: June 2021

Review of: Killing Joke: Are You Receiving?, Jyrki ‘Spider’ Hämäläinen (2020)
New Haven, CT: New Haven Publishing Ltd, 203 pp.,
ISBN 1-91258-740-8, p/bk, $21
Shake the Foundations: Militant Funk & the Post-Punk Dancefloor 1978–1984, 3CD Box Set, Various Artists
Authors: Loydell Rupert 
Published: June 2021

Review of: Shake the Foundations: Militant Funk & the Post-Punk Dancefloor 1978–1984, 3CD Box Set, Various Artists
London: Cherry Red, £19.99
Comparison of different methods used in drugs of abuse for sample validity testing including pH methods, specific gravity methods, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip and oxidant assay
Authors: Mina Ashraf , Stathopoulos John , Sinanian Taveet , McNeice Leah , Holmes Deirdre , Fletcher Kristi-Lee , Bottero Emily , Banukumar Shanmugam , Vazquez Santiago 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In the absence of sample validity testing, a healthcare provider may fail to identify a patient’s adulteration of their urine sample. This study compared different methods for specific gravity (SG), pH, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip (dipstick) and oxidant assay to explain the differences and also make an informative decision on method selection.

Methods
Creatinine, SG and pH measurements are essential in sample validity testing. SG and pH automated chemical methods are compared against pH meter method, SG refractometer and dipstick method. Also, oxidant assay was compared against dipstick method.

Results
SG chemical method agreement with refractometer is 81.9% and with dipstick method is 64.7%. The refractometer method agreement with dipstick method is 66.1%. pH chemical method agreement with pH Meter method is 74.3% and with dipstick method is 81.4%. pH meter method agreement is 85.7% with dipstick method. Results were analysed using Deming regression analysis and F-test. SG chemical method correlated better with refractometer than the dipstick method. Oxidant assay correlated well with dipstick method in detecting adulterants such as pyridinium chlorochromate, nitrite and bleach.

Conclusions
Varying degrees of differences were seen in the SG and pH measurements. These differences were both method and instrument dependent. The automated chemical methods are recommended alongside oxidant assay for consistency, accuracy and faster turn-around time as part of sample validity testing for drugs of abuse.
Precaution, Social Distancing and Tests in a Model of Epidemic Disease
Authors: Obiols-Homs Francesc 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
I develop an extension of a canonical epidemiology model in which the policy in place determines the probability of transmission of an epidemic disease during economic and social interaction. I use the model to evaluate the effects of isolating symptomatic individuals, of increasing social distancing and of tests such as polymerase chain reaction – PCR – or Rapid Diagnostic Test that discriminate between currently infected agents, and its combination with a serology test like Neutralization Assay that is able to discriminate between immune and vulnerable healthy individuals, together with the role of enforcement to prevent interactions involving infected but asymptomatic agents. I find that isolating symptomatic individuals has a large effect at delaying and reducing the pick of infections. The combination of this policy with a PCR test is likely to represents only a negligible improvement in the absence of enforcement, whereas with full enforcement there is an additional delaying and reduction in the pick of infections. Social distancing alone cannot achieve similar effects without incurring in enormous output losses. I explore the combined effect of social distancing at early stages of the epidemic with a following period of tests and find that the best outcome is obtained with a light reduction of human interaction for about three months together with a subsequent test of the population over 40 days.
Evaluation the effect of the ambient temperature on the liquid petroleum gas transportation pipeline
Authors: Abd Ammar Ali , Naji Samah Zaki , Tye Ching Thian , Othman Mohd Roslee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plays a major role in worldwide energy consumption as a clean source of energy with low greenhouse gases emission. LPG transportation is exhibited through networks of pipelines, maritime, and tracks. LPG transmission using pipeline is environmentally friendly owing to the low greenhouse gases emission and low energy requirements. This work is a comprehensive evaluation of transportation petroleum gas in liquid state and compressible liquid state concerning LPG density, temperature and pressure, flow velocity, and pump energy consumption under the impact of different ambient temperatures. Inevitably, the pipeline surface exchanges heat between LPG and surrounding soil owing to the temperature difference and change in elevation. To prevent phase change, it is important to pay attention for several parameters such as ambient temperature, thermal conductivity of pipeline materials, soil type, and change in elevation for safe, reliable, and economic transportation. Transporting LPG at high pressure requests smaller pipeline size and consumes less energy for pumps due to its higher density. Also, LPG transportation under moderate or low pressure is more likely exposed to phase change, thus more thermal insulation and pressure boosting stations required to maintain the phase envelope. The models developed in this work aim to advance the existing knowledge and serve as a guide for efficient design by underling the importance of the mentioned parameters.
Nano- and microgels: a review for educators
Authors: Zhilin Denis M. , Pich Andrij 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nano- and microgels are promising soft polymer materials for different application fields: stabilizers, sensors, catalysts, selective sorbents, drug delivery carriers etc. They are composed of cross-linked polymer chains swollen with a solvent. The building blocks, synthesis approaches and architecture of nano- and microgels are reviewed. The mechanisms of responsiveness to various stimuli are described, examples of applications are provided. Micro- and nanogels are good objects for learning projects and the ideas for learning projects with microgels are described.
Local and parallel stabilized finite element methods based on full domain decomposition for the stationary Stokes equations
Authors: Zheng Bo , Shang Yueqiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Based upon full domain decomposition, local and parallel stabilized finite element methods for the stationary Stokes equations are proposed and analysed, where the quadratic equal-order finite elements are employed for the velocity and pressure approximations, and a stabilized term based on two local Gauss integrations is used to offset the discrete pressure space to circumvent the discrete inf-sup condition. In the proposed parallel method, all of the computations are performed on the locally refined global grids that are fine around the interested subdomain and coarse elsewhere, making the method easy to implement based on a sequential solver with low communication cost. Stability and optimal error estimates of the present methods are deduced. Numerical results on examples including a problem with known analytic solution, lid-driven cavity flow, backward-facing step flow and flow around a cylinder are given to verify the theoretical predictions and demonstrate the high efficiency of the method. Results show that our parallel method can provide an approximate solution with the convergence rate of the same order as the solution computed by the standard stabilized finite element method, with a substantial reduction in computational time.
Influences on the Hydrophobicity of Concrete Surfaces Treated with Alkyl Trialkoxysilanes
Authors: Antons U. , Raupach M. , Weichold O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on how alkaline media, UV radiation, and carbonation as well as on-going cement hydration affects hydrophobic treatments of concrete and influences the properties of these water-repellent layers. Single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance measurements show that layers formed by impregnating samples with alkyl trialkoxysilanes are stable even under long-term exposure to alkaline solution and UV radiation, with the damage of the latter being limited to the topmost surface layers. Microstructural changes during accelerated carbonation of blast furnace slag cement based concrete have a major impact on the hydrophobic layer properties, while the carbonation of Portland cement concrete has no influence. On-going hydration additionally influences the hydrophobic layer properties.
Reciprocal priming between receptor tyrosine kinases at recycling endosomes orchestrates cellular signalling outputs
Authors: Smith Michael P , Ferguson Harriet R , Ferguson Jennifer , Zindy Egor , Kowalczyk Katarzyna M , Kedward Thomas , Bates Christian , Parsons Joseph , Watson Joanne , Chandler Sarah , Fullwood Paul , Warwood Stacey , Knight David , Clarke Robert B , Francavilla Chiara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntegration of signalling downstream of individual receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is crucial to fine‐tune cellular homeostasis during development and in pathological conditions, including breast cancer. However, how signalling integration is regulated and whether the endocytic fate of single receptors controls such signalling integration remains poorly elucidated. Combining quantitative phosphoproteomics and targeted assays, we generated a detailed picture of recycling‐dependent fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling in breast cancer cells, with a focus on distinct FGF receptors (FGFRs). We discovered reciprocal priming between FGFRs and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) that is coordinated at recycling endosomes. FGFR recycling ligands induce EGFR phosphorylation on threonine 693. This phosphorylation event alters both FGFR and EGFR trafficking and primes FGFR‐mediated proliferation but not cell invasion. In turn, FGFR signalling primes EGF‐mediated outputs via EGFR threonine 693 phosphorylation. This reciprocal priming between distinct families of RTKs from recycling endosomes exemplifies a novel signalling integration hub where recycling endosomes orchestrate cellular behaviour. Therefore, targeting reciprocal priming over individual receptors may improve personalized therapies in breast and other cancers.
Intercultural Approach in Foreign Language Teaching and Formation of Cultural Mediators: A Corpus Analysis of the Adjective polite in French and Polish
Authors: Dryjańska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyse the notion of politeness through the collocations of the adjective polite and its Polish equivalents, i.e. grzeczny and uprzejmy, chosen as cultural keywords in order to verify and expand the conclusions of my previous research on the noun politeness. The study has a double perspective. It is based on a linguistic corpus-based analysis of French politeness in a contrastive approach to French and Polish data. Also, the study considers ways of integrating such data into foreign language teaching. The research is carried out on three corpora: the French language corpus Frantext, the National Polish Language Corpus (NKJP) and the Leipzig Corpora Collection. The study includes the analysis of frequency classes of the three words and their most frequent collocations identified on the basis of different measures of association between co-occurring words. By integrating the results of this linguistic approach into language teaching, it is possible to clarify certain semantic subtleties of the words polite, grzeczny and uprzejmy and explain to the learners why these words are not perfect equivalents, or how linguistic analysis reveals cultural differences. Complex approach promoted in this paper may contribute to the development of the intercultural awareness in foreign language teaching and cultural mediation.
«...Найчесніший та найшляхетніший українець, що носив лише німецьке прізвище...»: до 150-річчя барона Федора фон Штейнлеля
Authors: Костюк Михаил Петрович 
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the main periods of biography and activity of Baron Fedir von Schteingel whose life and work was closely connected with Volyn region.
Fedir (Theodore Rudolf) von Schteingel was born on November 26, 1870 in Saint Petersburg into the family of Baltic German engineer and railroad builder Rudolf von Schteingel.
Fedir’s father bought an estate in the village of Horodok not far from Rivne in Volyn province in1879. Fedir Schteingel spent most of his life there. He was interested in the history of Volyn from his student years.
One of Schteingel’s activities was the research in the field of natural sciences. He was a member of several scientific societies. F. Schteingel and famous Ukrainian archeologist M. Bilyashivsky founded the first countryside historical museum in Ukraine in 1896. There were five sections with unique collections of exhibits, books, manuscripts and folklore materials there.
Fedir Schteingel was engaged in charity work during all his life. He built and supported the two-grade vocational school in Horodok in which education was free of charge. He built a hospital with free treatment, a reading room, a mill, a bathhouse and supported a village fire brigade. Baron helped those who lost their possessions in a fire, paid pensions to invalids and poor people. He also provided financial assistance in building churches, hospitals, and orphanages in Zhytomyr, Kyiv and Warsaw.
Fedir Schteingel was a famous public and political figure. He was a head and a member of governing bodies of different financial, legal, and educational institutions in Rivne and Kyiv for many years. He was a Head of Committee of South West Front of All-Russia Union of Cities in 1915-1917. He was elected Head of Executive Committee of Kyiv City Duma in March 1917.

Schteingel began his political activity in 1906. He joined the Cadets Party and was elected Deputy of the First State Duma from Kyiv. He was a member of Cadets Party fraction and Ukrainian Duma community. He participated in masonic movement.

He had been taking part in Ukrainian public and political life since 1908. He worked in Ukrainian Central Rada and Presidium of All-Ukrainian National Congress in 1917. He left the Cadets Party in June 1917 and joined the Ukrainian Party of Socialists and Federalists.
Fedir Schteingel became the ambassador of Ukraine in Germany in 1918. He organized the first official visit of Hetman of Ukraine Pavlo Skoropadsky to Germany at the beginning of September 1918.
Fedir Schteingel came back to Volyn in 1924 and continued his charity work. He represented the interests of Volyn and Ukrainian peasants to Polish authorities. He and his family secretly immigrated to Germany in autumn 1939. He spent the rest of his life in Radeberg near Dresden. He died on February 11, 1946.
Efectos sociodemográficos, de urbanización y clima en el consumo de agua doméstica en Hermosillo, Sonora
Authors: Ojeda de la Cruz Arturo , Ramírez Uribe Gerardo , Miranda Pasos Israel , Quintana Pacheco Jesús , Verduzco Bojórquez Carlos Eduardo , Ramos Corella Marco Antonio 
Published: June 2021

Este artículo presenta el resultado de una investigación del consumo de agua doméstica (Consumo social) en la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. El estudio se desarrolló a nivel de Área Geoestadìstica Básica para determinar los efectos urbanos de tipo sociodemográfico, climático y de urbanización que influyen en el consumo de agua. Utilizamos los datos registrados en el organismo operador Agua de Hermosillo, así como los indicadores censales registrados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática (INEGI) con su respectiva cartografía urbana. Se analizaron la correlación entre las variables independientes y el consumo de agua. Consecutivamente se determinó el mejor modelo del consumo de agua a través de regresión lineal múltiple utilizando mínimos cuadrados ordinarios. Los resultados revelaron cinco variables en el modelo, mismas que fueron estadísticamente significativas y explican el 47.5% de la variabilidad del consumo de agua doméstica. Los resultados pueden contribuir a mejorar el conocimiento actual de los factores que influyen en el uso del agua y ser útil en la planificación del recurso hídrico para el abasto que se otorga a la comunidad.
Face validity of a simulated low back pain clinical case in physical therapy training
Authors: Castellanos-Garrido Adriana Lucía , Sandoval-Cuellar Carolina , Alfonso-Mora Margareth Lorena , Goyeneche-Ortegón Ruth Liliana , Castellanos-Vega Rocío del Pilar , Acosta-Otálora Martha Lucía , Villarraga Angélica del Pilar , Cobo-Mejía Elisa Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The use of clinical cases in simulated environments allows for a more realistic approach to the simulated health condition, which results in a more effective training experience for students, as they are immersed in situations they may encounter in their professional practice. Objective: To determine the face validity of a low back pain clinical case as a clinical simulation tool in the training of physical therapy students. Materials and methods: Study conducted to determine the face validity of a low back pain clinical case presented to physical therapy students. The case has 9 items, which were evaluated by 5 expert raters. Agreement between raters regarding the pertinence, relevance, coherence, clarity, and sufficiency of the case was established using the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Results: Fleiss’ Kappa for the simulated case was 0.67 (substantial agreement), and for items 1, 2, 4, and 9 was 0.97, 1.0, 0.89, and 1.0, respectively (almost perfect agreement). Furthermore, the percentage of case comprehensibility (9 items) was 95.2. Conclusion: The face validity of the low back pain clinical case was confirmed, so its use in clinical simulation practices in the physical therapy programs offered by the Universidad de La Sabana and Universidad de Boyacá in Colombia is valid.