bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution by luminous blue variable stars to the dust content of the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Agliozzo C. , Phillips N. , Mehner A. , Baade D. , Scicluna P. , Kemper F. , Asmus D. , de Wit W.-J. , Pignata G. 
Published: September 2021

Context. Previous studies have concluded that low- and intermediate-mass stars cannot account for the interstellar dust yield in the Magellanic Clouds inferred from far-infrared and sub-millimetre observations.
Aims. Luminous blue variable stars (LBVs) form dust as a result of episodic, violent mass loss. To investigate their contribution as dust producers in the Magellanic Clouds, we analyse 31 confirmed and candidate LBVs from a recent census.
Methods. We built a maximally complete multi-wavelength dataset of these sources from archival space telescope images and catalogues from near-infrared to millimetre wavelengths. We also present new Very Large Telescope VISIR observations of three sources in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We review the LBV classification on the basis of the infrared spectral energy distribution. To derive characteristic dust parameters, we fitted the photometry resulting from a stacking analysis, which consists of co-adding images of the same wavelength band of several targets to improve the signal-to-noise. For comparison we also stacked the images of low- and intermediate-mass evolved stars in the LMC.
Results. We find four classes of sources: (1) LBVs showing mid-infrared dust emission plus near-infrared free-free emission from an ionised stellar wind (Class 1a) or only mid-infrared dust emission (Class 1b); (2) LBVs with a near-infrared excess due to free-free emission only (Class 2); (3) objects with an sgB[e] classification in the literature, displaying a distinctive hot dust component; and (4) objects with no detected stellar winds and no circumstellar matter in their SEDs. From the stacking analysis of the 18 Class 1 and 2 objects in the LMC, we derived an integrated dust mass of 0.11−0.03+0.06 M⊙. This is two orders of magnitude larger than the value inferred from stacking 1342 extreme-asymptotic giant branch stars. The dust mass of individual LBVs does not correlate with the stellar parameters, possibly suggesting that the dust production mechanism is independent of the initial stellar mass or that the stars have different evolutionary histories. The total dust yield from LBVs over the age of the LMC is ∼104 − 105 M⊙. The one order of magnitude uncertainty is mainly due to uncertainties of the LBV population, star formation history, and initial mass function.
Conclusions. LBVs are potentially the second most important source of dust in normal galaxies. The role of dust destruction in LBV nebulae by a possible subsequent supernova (SN) blast wave has yet to be determined. Recent theoretical developments in the field of dust processing by SN shocks highlight the potential survival of dust grains from the pre-existing circumstellar nebula.
SARS-CoV-2 Infektionen während Reisen mit Bahn und Bus. Ein
systematisches Review epidemiologischer Studien
Authors: Heinrich Joachim , Zhao Tianyu , Quartucci Caroline , Herbig Britta , Nowak Dennis 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Das Ziel dieses Reviews ist es, epidemiologische Studien zum
Ansteckungsrisiko mit SARS-CoV-2 bei Reisen mit Bahn und Bus zu identifizieren
und kritisch auch im Hinblick auf die Übertragbarkeit für
Deutschland zu bewerten.
Methodik Systematisches Review basierend auf der Suche in zwei
elektronischen Datenbanken (PubMed, Web of Science) nach dem Prinzip der
„Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and
Meta-analysis“ (PRISMA) nach epidemiologischen Studien zu SARS-CoV-2
bzw. COVID-19 und Reisen mit der Bahn oder im Bus.
Ergebnisse Die Suche in den beiden elektronischen Datenbanken lieferte 746
Publikationen. Davon erfüllten 55 die Auswahlkriterien und wurden in die
Volltextrecherche einbezogen. Schließlich konnten 5
Originalpublikationen zur Beantwortung der Frage nach SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen im
Zusammenhang mit Fernreisen per Bahn und 4 mit Bezug auf Busreisen herangezogen
werden. Die Studien sind sehr heterogen und beziehen sich fast
ausschließlich auf Fernreisen in China. Sie zeigen konsistent ein
Ansteckungsrisiko, wenn infizierte Personen im gleichen Waggon oder Bus ohne
Mund-Nasen Bedeckung (MNB) mitreisen. Das Risiko ist dabei nicht
beschränkt auf jene Reisenden, die in unmittelbarer Nähe zu dem
infizierten Mitreisenden sitzen. Trotz aller Unterschiede zwischen Reisen mit
Bahn und Bus in China und Deutschland besteht kein grundsätzlicher
Zweifel daran, dass die berichteten Ergebnisse aus China in qualitativer
Hinsicht auch auf Deutschland zu übertragen sind. Allerdings muss
berücksichtigt werden, dass die Ergebnisse der drei
Schlüsselpublikationen überwiegend die Zeit vor dem Lockdown in
China ohne die strikte Verwendung von MNB einschlossen. Somit bleibt die Frage,
ob die Ergebnisse unter den gegenwärtigen Bedingungen mit MNB und
virulenteren Virusmutationen ähnlich wären. Es wurde keine
einzige Studie im Zusammenhang mit der Infektion bei Nutzung des
öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs gefunden.
Schlussfolgerungen Es gibt verschiedene Hinweise dafür, dass
Reisen mit der Bahn mit einem deutlich niedrigeren Infektionsrisiko verbunden
ist im Vergleich zum Ansteckungsrisiko im häuslichen Umfeld. Wegen
fehlender Beobachtungsdaten wird man das Infektionsrisiko bei Fernreisen mit Bus
und bei Nutzung des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs auf der Grundlage
des Luftaustausches im Fahrgastinnenraum, der Reisedauer, des Abstandes zu
anderen Fahrgästen und letztendlich der Fahrgastdichte modellhaft
abschätzen müssen.
Climate Change and Obesity
Authors: Koch Christian A. , Sharda Pankaj , Patel Jay , Gubbi Sriram , Bansal Rashika , Bartel Michael J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlobal warming and the rising prevalence of obesity are well described challenges
of current mankind. Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic arose as a new
challenge. We here attempt to delineate their relationship with each other from
our perspective. Global greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil
fuels have exponentially increased since 1950. The main contributors to such
greenhouse gas emissions are manufacturing and construction, transport,
residential, commercial, agriculture, and land use change and forestry, combined
with an increasing global population growth from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.8
billion in 2020 along with rising obesity rates since the 1980s. The current
Covid-19 pandemic has caused some decline in greenhouse gas emissions by
limiting mobility globally via repetitive lockdowns. Following multiple
lockdowns, there was further increase in obesity in wealthier populations,
malnutrition from hunger in poor populations and death from severe infection
with Covid-19 and its virus variants. There is a bidirectional relationship
between adiposity and global warming. With rising atmospheric air temperatures,
people typically will have less adaptive thermogenesis and become less
physically active, while they are producing a higher carbon footprint. To reduce
obesity rates, one should be willing to learn more about the environmental
impact, how to minimize consumption of energy generating carbon dioxide and
other greenhouse gas emissions, and to reduce food waste. Diets lower in meat
such as a Mediterranean diet, have been estimated to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by 72%, land use by 58%, and energy consumption by
52%.
Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Insulin Levels and Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Yan , Xu Zhenbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInsulin resistance (IR) is a pivotal process in various metabolic diseases. The well-known treatment is lifestyle modification and medication therapy, which may result in poor compliance and side effects. Melatonin has been suggested to have a role in glucose metabolism, yet the results across studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to evaluate the effects of melatonin supplementation on insulin levels and IR. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov, and identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to August 2020. Articles were reviewed, selected and extracted by two reviewers independently. In total, 8 RCTs of 376 participants were included. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, with mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our results showed that melatonin administration significantly reduced insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). We conclude that melatonin ameliorated hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and insulin sensitivity, and the results are an update of a previous meta-analysis. Although more investigations are required, we clearly provide evidence for the use of melatonin as an adjuvant treatment for metabolic disorders involving IR.
Comparative Profiling of Salivary Cortisol and Salivary DHEA-S Among
Healthy Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women
Authors: Sundararajan Aarthi , Vora Kranti , Saiyed Shahin , Natesan Senthilkumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring pregnancy, circulatory cortisol levels increase, remaining steady over the
second-third trimester. In contrast, profile of salivary cortisol during
pregnancy is debatable, more influenced by factors like time of sample
collection in the day. Circulatory DHEA-S decrease by at least 50% over
the second-third trimester of pregnancy. However, profile of salivary DHEA-S is
unclear. Objective was to determine changes in salivary cortisol and DHEA-S in
healthy pregnant women, compared to non-pregnant women during late morning-early
afternoon sampling to avoid fluctuations associated with other times. Pregnant
women in their second-third trimester prospectively (n=500) and
non-pregnant women (n=133) were enrolled in study with informed consent.
Live birth outcome with no pregnancy complications and≥2.5 Kg
infant birth weight were included. Concentrations of salivary cortisol and
DHEA-S were determined through ELISA assays. Compared to non-pregnant women,
pregnant women demonstrated significant increases in salivary cortisol [median
(interquartile range)=4.2 (5.1) nmol/l vs. 17.2 (13.9)
nmol/l, p<0.001] and salivary DHEA-S median (interquartile
range)=2.7 (2.9) nmol/l vs. 3.8 (3.2) nmol/l,
p<0.001). Consistently, quartile scores representing higher levels of
salivary cortisol and DHEA-S concentrations demonstrated significant association
with pregnancy. Quartile scores representing higher salivary
cortisol/DHEA-S ratio demonstrated significant association with
pregnancy. Study suggests the indicated time range of saliva sampling might best
parallel the established profile of circulatory cortisol in pregnant women.
However, unlike cortisol, study indicates that the salivary DHEA-S profile is
distinct from the well-known profile of circulatory DHEA-S during pregnancy. A
combinatorial approach involving both salivary and circulatory compartments
could provide comprehensive picture of DHEA-S and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal
axis during pregnancy.
Metastatic Risk Profile of Microscopic Lymphatic and Venous Invasion
in Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Machens Andreas , Lorenz Kerstin , Weber Frank , Dralle Henning 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe metastatic risk profile of microscopic lymphatic and venous invasion in
medullary thyroid cancer is ill-defined. This evidence gap calls for evaluation
of the suitability of microscopic lymphatic and venous invasion at thyroidectomy
for prediction of lymph node and distant metastases in medullary thyroid cancer.
In this study of 484 patients with medullary thyroid cancer who had≥5
lymph nodes removed at initial thyroidectomy, microscopic lymphatic and venous
invasion were significantly associated with greater primary tumor size (27.6 vs.
14.5 mm, and 30.8 vs. 16.2 mm) and more frequent lymph node
metastasis (97.0 vs. 25.9%, and 85.2 vs. 39.5%) and distant
metastasis (25.0 vs. 5.1%, and 32.8 vs. 7.3%). Prediction of
lymph node metastases by microscopic lymphatic invasion was better than
prediction of distant metastases by microscopic venous invasion regarding
sensitivity (97.0 vs. 32.8%) and positive predictive value (58.4 vs.
39.2%); comparable regarding negative predictive value (98.5 vs.
90.5%) and accuracy (80.4 vs. 85.1%); and worse regarding
specificity (74.1 vs. 92.7%). On multivariable logistic regression,
microscopic lymphatic invasion predicted lymph node metastasis better (odds
ratio [OR] 65.6) than primary tumor size (OR 4.6 for
tumors>40 mm and OR 2.7 for tumors 21–40 mm,
relative to tumors≤20 mm), whereas primary tumor size was better
in predicting distant metastasis (OR 8.3 for tumors>40 mm and OR
3.9 for tumors 21–40 mm, relative to
tumors≤20 mm) than microscopic venous invasion (OR 3.2). These
data show that lymphatic invasion predicts lymph node metastases better in
medullary thyroid cancer than venous invasion heralds distant metastases.
Downregulation of miR-519d-3p is Associated with Poor Outcomes and
Facilitates Tumor Progression in Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Regulating
FOXQ1
Authors: Li Pihong , Pan Xiaoyu , Zheng Zhouci , Sun Yihan , Han Yifan , Dong Jianda , Lu Mingdong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicroRNA-519d-3p (miR-519d-3p) has emerged as a tumor suppressor in several human
cancers. But whether miR-519d-3p is involved in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC)
remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the potential relevance of
miR-miR-519d-3p in PTC. A retrospective study of 119 PTCs was carried out. The
RT-qPCR analysis was used to measure the expression of miR-519d-3p and FOXQ1 in
PTC tissues and cells. Chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier curve analysis, and
multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the clinical and
prognostic value of miR-519d-3p in PTC. Then cellular experiments were used to
explore its biological effects on PTC cells. Finally, the Pearson correlation
coefficient, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and rescue experiments were used to
analyze the association between miR-519d-3p and FOXQ1. miR-519d-3p was
significantly downregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines. The decreased
expression of miR-519d-3p was associated with reduced overall survival and
progression-free survival of patients. The proliferative, migratory, and
invasive abilities of cells were blocked or elevated after upregulation or
downregulation of miR-519d-3p, while FOXQ1 reversed these cellular behaviors
caused after upregulation or knockdown of miR-519d-3p. In conclusion,
miR-519d-3p was downregulated in PTC and associated with OS and PFS of patients.
MiR-519d-3p may be a tumor-inhibiting miRNA in PTC, and that
miR-519d-3p/FOXQ1 axis mediated PTC tumor progression from cell
proliferation, migration, and invasion in PTC cells.
The endoscopic ultrasound features of pancreatic fluid collections and their impact on therapeutic decisions: an interobserver agreement study
Authors: Fabbri Carlo , Baron Todd H. , Gibiino Giulia , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Binda Cecilia , Anderloni Andrea , Rizzatti Gianenrico , Pérez-Miranda Manuel , Lisotti Andrea , Correale Loredana , Gornals Joan B. , Tarantino Ilaria , Petrone Maria Chiara , Cecinato Paolo , Fusaroli Pietro , Larghi Alberto 
Published: September 2021

Background A validated classification of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) morphological characteristics and consequent therapeutic intervention(s) in pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) is lacking. We performed an interobserver agreement study among expert endosonographers assessing EUS-related PFC features and the therapeutic approaches used.
Methods 50 EUS videos of PFCs were independently reviewed by 12 experts and evaluated for PFC type, percentage solid component, presence of infection, recognition of and communication with the main pancreatic duct (MPD), stent choice for drainage, and direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) performance and timing. The Gwet’s AC1 coefficient was used to assess interobserver agreement.
Results A moderate agreement was found for lesion type (AC1, 0.59), presence of infection (AC1, 0.41), and need for DEN (AC1, 0.50), while fair or poor agreements were stated for percentage solid component (AC1, 0.15) and MPD recognition (AC1, 0.31). Substantial agreement was rated for ability to assess PFC–MPD communication (AC1, 0.69), decision between placing a plastic versus lumen-apposing metal stent (AC1, 0.62), and timing of DEN (AC1, 0.75).
Conclusions Interobserver agreement between expert endosonographers regarding morphological features of PFCs appeared suboptimal, while decisions on therapeutic approaches seemed more homogeneous. Studies to achieve standardization of the diagnostic endosonographic criteria and therapeutic approaches to PFCs are warranted.
Discrete cosine and sine transforms generalized to honeycomb lattice II. Zigzag boundaries
Authors: Hrivnák Jiří , Motlochová Lenka 
Published: September 2021

The discrete cosine and sine transforms are generalized to a triangular fragment of the honeycomb lattice with zigzag boundaries. The zigzag honeycomb point sets are constructed by subtracting the weight lattice from the refined root lattice points of the crystallographic root system A2. The two-variable (anti)symmetric orbit functions of the Weyl group of A2, discretized simultaneously on the triangular fragments of the root and weight lattices, induce a novel parametric family of zigzag extended Weyl and Hartley orbit functions. As specific linear combinations of the original orbit functions, the zigzag extended orbit functions retain the Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions. Three types of discrete complex Fourier–Weyl transforms and real-valued Hartley–Weyl transforms are detailed. The corresponding unitary transform matrices and interpolating behavior of the discrete transforms are exemplified.
Multiple-gas cooling method for constant-pressure heat capacity measurement of liquid metals using aerodynamic levitator
Authors: Sun Yifan , Muta Hiroaki , Ohishi Yuji 
Published: September 2021

Until now, heat capacity measurements performed with levitation techniques have required accurate knowledge of the sample’s emissivity beforehand. For a sample levitated using an aerodynamic levitator, it experiences both radiative and forced convective heat loss. The sample’s emissivity only allows for the calculation of the radiative heat loss term, and a model has yet to be developed to accurately describe the total combined heat loss for aerodynamic levitation (ADL). In this study, we will introduce a novel multiple-gas cooling method for heat capacity measurement for ADL where two types of inert levitation gases (Ar and Kr) with different thermal conductivities were used to generate two cooling curves for the same sample. For samples being cooled at different cooling rates, the total heat loss is the same. The radiative heat loss was expressed using Stefan–Boltzmann’s law, and the convective heat loss using Ranz–Marshall’s equation. The two independent parameters (i.e., emissivity and heat capacity) of one given sample could then be solved using the two independent cooling curves. The heat capacities of gold, copper, nickel, iron, and palladium around the melting point were measured using this method. The multiple-gas cooling method for heat capacity measurement introduced in this study is the first heat capacity measurement method available for ADL and can be performed for materials with unknown emissivity. This newly developed method is important for the study of the thermophysical properties of high-temperature liquids, especially molten oxides with low electrical conductivity.
Calculation of improved enthalpy and entropy of vaporization by a modified partition function in quantum cluster equilibrium theory
Authors: Zaby Paul , Ingenmey Johannes , Kirchner Barbara , Grimme Stefan , Ehlert Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

In this work, we present an altered partition function that leads to an improved calculation of the enthalpy and entropy of vaporization in the framework of quantum cluster equilibrium theory. The changes are based on a previously suggested modification [S. Grimme, Chem. Eur. J. 18, 9955–9964 (2012)] of the molecular entropy calculation in the gas phase. Here, the low energy vibrational frequencies in the vibrational partition function are treated as hindered rotations instead of vibrations. The new scheme is tested on a set of nine organic solvents for the calculation of the enthalpy and entropy of vaporization. The enthalpies and entropies of vaporization show improvements from 6.5 error to 3.3 kJ mol−1 deviation to experiment and from 28.4 error to 13.5 J mol−1 K−1 deviation to experiment, respectively. The effect of the corrected partition function is visible in the different populations of clusters, which become physically more meaningful in that larger clusters are higher populated in the liquid phase and the gas phase is mainly populated by the monomers. Furthermore, the corrected partition function also overcomes technical difficulties and leads to an increased stability of the calculations in regard to the size of the cluster set.
Steering performance of ultrasonic phased array sensors using acoustic fields under directivity constraint
Authors: Zhao Xia , Wang Zhaoba 
Published: September 2021

Ultrasonic phased array sensors consist of multiple elements excited by predetermined time-delayed pulses. The directivity of each element was used to propose a sound field calculation model that adds a directivity constraint for each element. The steering sound fields under different directivity constraints were simulated, and the results demonstrate that the directivity of each element significantly impacts the overall steering of sound beams. This demonstrates the feasibility of adding a directivity constraint when modeling sensor arrays. This brings the simulation results closer to actual sound propagation and provides more accurate technical support in the design and use of phased array sensor applications.
Lexical diachronic semantic maps
Authors: Georgakopoulos Thanasis , Polis Stéphane 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper extends the scope of application of the semantic map model to diachronic lexical semantics. Combining a quantitative approach to large-scale synchronic polysemy data with a qualitative evaluation of the diachronic material in two text languages, ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek, it shows that weighted diachronic semantic maps can capture informative generalizations about the organization of the lexicon and its reshaping over time. The general methodology developed in the paper is illustrated with a case study of the semantic extension of time-related lexemes. This case study shows that the blend of tools well established in linguistic typology with proven methods of historical linguistics enables a principled approach to long-standing questions in the fields of diachronic semasiology and onomasiology.