bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive dietary intervention for bipolar disorder: a randomized, controlled, parallel‐group, modified double‐blinded trial of a high n‐3 plus low n‐6 diet
Authors: Saunders Erika F. H. , Mukherjee Dahlia , Myers Tiffany , Wasserman Emily , Hameed Ahmad , Bassappa Krishnamurthy Venkatesh , MacIntosh Beth , Domenichiello Anthony , Ramsden Christopher E. , Wang Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the preliminary efficacy of a high n‐3 plus low n‐6 (H3‐L6) dietary intervention in improving mood stability in Bipolar Disorder (BD) when compared to dietary intervention with usual U.S. levels of n‐6 and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intakes (control diet, CD).MethodsThis 2‐arm, parallel‐group, randomized, modified double‐blind, controlled 48‐week study of 12‐week intensive diet intervention in subjects with BD was conducted at a single suburban‐rural site in the mid‐Atlantic region. Participants with DSM‐IV TR BD I or II with hypomanic or depressive symptoms were randomized, stratified on gender (N = 82). The intervention included the provision of group‐specific study foods and dietary counseling. Variability of mood symptoms was measured by a twice‐daily, 12‐week ecological momentary analysis (EMA) paradigm, and group differences were analyzed using multilevel models. Circulating n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids were measured at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of diet exposure.ResultsAll 82 randomized participants were included in biochemical analyses. Seventy participants completed at least 2 EMA surveys and were included in primary EMA analyses. Variability in mood, energy, irritability, and pain as measured using EMA was reduced in the H3‐L6 group compared to the CD group. No significant differences in mean ratings of mood symptoms, or any other symptom measures, were detected. The dietary intervention effect on target PUFAs significantly differed by the group over time.ConclusionsA dietary intervention adjunctive to usual care showed preliminary efficacy in improving variability in mood symptoms in participants with BD.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02272010.
Kant and the enhancement debate: Imperfect duties and perfecting ourselves
Authors: Chance Brian A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis essay develops a Kantian approach to the permissibility of biomedical physical, cognitive, and moral enhancement. Kant holds that human beings have an imperfect duty to promote their physical, cognitive, and moral perfection. While an agent’s individual circumstances may limit the means she may permissibly use to enhance herself, whether biomedically or otherwise, I argue (1) that biomedical means of enhancing oneself are, generally speaking, both permissible and meritorious from a Kantian perspective. Despite often being equally permissible, I also argue (2) that enhancing oneself by more traditional means is, generally speaking, more meritorious (and involves the display of more virtue) than enhancing oneself by biomedical means. Nevertheless, since Kant does not fault agents for acting less meritoriously (or for displaying less virtue) than they otherwise could, I also argue (3) that those who opt for permissible biomedical enhancement over more traditional forms are not blameworthy for doing so. I also consider and reject several objections to these claims, including that biomedical enhancements (1) are too passive to count as actions by the agent who enhances herself, (2) involve a failure of the agent to treat her humanity as an end in itself or to show proper respect for her dignity, (3) might be undertaken on the basis of motives that undermine their permissibility, (4) are likely to exacerbate existing social and economic inequalities in ways that do the same, and (5) in their moral form are incompatible with Kant’s conception of duty and human freedom.
From goodness to good looks: Changing images of human germline genetic modification
Authors: So Derek 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen writing about deliberate changes to the human germline, bioethicists tend not to discuss the modification of specific genes and instead refer to broader concepts like making people smarter, taller, or longer‐lived. Only a limited number of these traits are mentioned regularly in the literature. Examples like health and intelligence appear frequently at all stages of the germline modification discourse, but the third most frequently mentioned trait has shifted over time. Prior to the early 1980s, publications discussed giving humans a kinder temperament significantly more often than cosmetic modifications, while more recent works reverse the frequency of these traits. Contributing factors likely include a greater focus on individual decision‐making, combined with the increasing uptake of real‐world reproductive technologies like IVF and gamete donation. This shifting imagery could have a profound influence on the way scholars develop arguments about gene editing since cosmetic modifications are generally viewed more negatively and considered less relevant to the identity of future people. In comparison with earlier images of germline modification, they also suggest a more contemporary, Western, and politically liberal social context for gene editing technology. Examining how authors move between writing about different traits can also help us to be aware of the traits that are arbitrarily omitted from the discourse and to consider our preparedness for unexpected kinds of modification.
The development of the Cystectomy‐Pathway Assessment Tool (C‐PAT): a concise tool to assess the quality of care in the cystectomy pathway
Authors: Uren Alan D. , Cotterill Nikki , Abrams Paul , Catto James W. F. , Patel Biral , McGrath John , Ahmed Iram , Rowe Edward 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo develop and test the psychometric properties of a concise, patient‐reported questionnaire, designed to assess key aspects of the radical cystectomy (RC) patient pathway that are important to both patients and clinicians.Patients and MethodsDraft items were developed by a consultation with a 13‐member expert clinical panel, and the in‐depth qualitative analysis of 14 semi‐structured interviews with patients who had received RC within the previous 18 months. A further nine cognitive interviews with patients refined the items and ensured they were easy to complete. Pilot testing in 122 patients recruited from five hospitals in England tested the properties of validity and reliability of the resulting 17‐item questionnaire.ResultsPatients and clinicians identified the following aspects as important for the delivery of quality patient care. These included timely referral and initial test results; an explanation of risk/benefits of treatment; access to a cancer nurse specialist; training and support in stoma management; timely surgery, surgical complications, and timely follow‐up. Pilot testing showed missing data was low (≤3% for all items), and between 73% and 89% of the responses to items were the most positive about their care (indicating ceiling effects). Five items were identified using factor analysis as being statistically related (Cronbach’s α 0.76, intraclass correlation coefficient test–retest reliability of 0.95) and formed the scored part of the tool ‘care and support’, scored 0–16. There was insufficient evidence at this stage to show the tool was capable of measuring differences between cancer centres.ConclusionWe have developed a questionnaire that captures aspects of quality of care within the RC patient pathway. The results support the validity and reliability of the 17‐item Cystectomy‐Pathway Assessment Tool (C‐PAT). We envisage the tool can be the basis for audit of the patient reported assessment of the quality of care for individual cancer centres.
Dysregulated protein phosphorylation: A determining condition in the continuum of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ferrer Isidro , Andrés‐Benito Pol , Ausín Karina , Pamplona Reinald , del Rio José Antonio , Fernández‐Irigoyen Joaquín , Santamaría Enrique 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTau hyperphosphorylation is the first step of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation. In the present study, samples of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and frontal cortex area 8 (FC) of cases with NFT pathology classified as stages I–II, III–IV, and V–VI without comorbidities, and of middle‐aged (MA) individuals with no NFT pathology, were analyzed by conventional label‐free and SWATH‐MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry) to assess the (phospho)proteomes. The total number of identified dysregulated phosphoproteins was 214 in the EC, 65 of which were dysregulated at the first stages (I–II) of NFT pathology; 167 phosphoproteins were dysregulated in the FC, 81 of them at stages I–II of NFT pathology. A large percentage of dysregulated phosphoproteins were identified in the two regions and at different stages of NFT progression. The main group of dysregulated phosphoproteins was made up of components of the membranes, cytoskeleton, synapses, proteins linked to membrane transport and ion channels, and kinases. The present results show abnormal phosphorylation of proteins at the first stages of NFT pathology in the elderly (in individuals clinically considered representative of normal aging) and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Dysregulated protein phosphorylation in the FC precedes the formation of NFTs and SPs. The most active period of dysregulated phosphorylation is at stages III–IV when a subpopulation of individuals might be clinically categorized as suffering from mild cognitive impairment which is a preceding determinant stage in the progression to dementia. Altered phosphorylation of selected proteins, carried out by activation of several kinases, may alter membrane and cytoskeletal functions, among them synaptic transmission and membrane/cytoskeleton signaling. Besides their implications in sAD, the present observations suggest a molecular substrate for “benign” cognitive deterioration in “normal” brain aging.
RNA‐binding protein SAMD4A inhibits breast tumor angiogenesis by modulating the balance of angiogenesis program
Authors: Zhou Meicen , Wang Bing , Li Hongwei , Han Jianqun , Li Ailing , Lu Wenbao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTumor‐induced angiogenesis is important for further progression of solid tumors. The initiation of tumor angiogenesis is dictated by a shift in the balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic gene expression programs. However, the potential mechanism controlling the expression of angiogenesis‐related genes in the tumor cells, especially the process mediated by RNA‐binding protein (RBP) remains unclear. SAMD4A is a conserved RBP across fly to mammals, and is believed to play an important role in controlling gene translation and stability. In this study, we identified the potential role of SAMD4A in modulating angiogenesis‐related gene expression and tumor progression in breast cancer. SAMD4A expression was repressed in breast cancer tissues and cells and low SAMD4A expression in human breast tumor samples was strongly associated with poor survival of patients. Overexpression of SAMD4A inhibited breast tumor angiogenesis and caner progression, whereas knockdown of SAMD4A demonstrated a reversed effect. Mechanistically, SAMD4A was found to specifically destabilize the proangiogenic gene transcripts, including C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), endoglin (ENG), interleukin 1β (IL1β), and angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1), by directly interacting with the stem‐loop structure in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of these mRNAs through its sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain, resulting in the imbalance of angiogenic genes expression. Collectively, our results suggest that SAMD4A is a novel breast tumor suppressor that inhibits tumor angiogenesis by specifically downregulating the expression of proangiogenic genes, which might be a potential antiangiogenic target for breast cancer therapy.
Primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the central nervous system with rapidly progressing lesions after dimethyl fumarate treatment, showing relapsing and remitting symptoms: A case report
Authors: Kitazaki Yuki , Ueno Asako , Maeda Kenichiro , Asano Rei , Aoki Go , Katsuki Ayumu , Shirafuji Norimichi , Yamauchi Takahiro , Isozaki Makoto , Saida Takahiko , Nakamoto Yasunari , Hamano Tadanori 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe present a case of B‐cell type primary central nervous system lymphoma that rapidly progressed after dimethyl fumarate (DMF) administration.Case presentationAn asymptomatic white matter lesion of the left frontal lobe was observed in a 56‐year‐old Japanese man on magnetic resonance imaging during a medical checkup. For the subsequent 5 months, the sporadic white matter lesion showed no change and no contrast effect. He suddenly presented with right upper limb paralysis on day 74. After improvement, he had a recurrence of right upper limb paralysis and diminished vision loss. Based on the 2017 revised McDonald criteria, two attacks, objective clinical evidence of one lesion and cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band assay positivity, he was diagnosed with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and administered DMF. Three months after DMF administration, he developed new brain lesions that progressed rapidly; additional immunotherapy was ineffective. He was pathologically diagnosed with B‐cell type primary central nervous system lymphoma using brain biopsy on day 301.ConclusionPatients with rapidly progressing white matter lesions after DMF administration should be suspected for B‐cell type primary central nervous system lymphoma and pathologically diagnosed using brain biopsy.
Gender differences in surgical case volume among ophthalmology trainees
Authors: Gill Hannah K. , Niederer Rachael L. , Danesh‐Meyer Helen V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe number of females in ophthalmology has steadily increased over recent decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a difference in procedural volume and cataract surgery between male and female trainees in the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists (RANZCO).MethodsA longitudinal retrospective review of de‐identified surgical RANZCO trainee logbook data from 2008 to 2020 was undertaken. Data from 241 trainee logbooks were analysed for: location of training, gender, date of commencement of training, maternity/paternity leave status, number of surgeries observed, assisted, supervised and unsupervised. Surgical cases were grouped as: (1) all surgical cases; (2) complete cataract cases and (3) partial cataract cases.ResultsAmong 241 trainees (40.7% females), 197 263 procedures were performed. Total surgical volume was 21.1% lower at 4 years for females (median 665.5 vs. 843.5; p = 0.036). Completed cataract surgery was 21.5% lower at 18 months (median 87.5 vs. 111.5; p = 0.022) and 41.7% lower at 4 years (median 216 vs. 369; p < 0.001). Interrupted training was significantly more common in females (30.6% vs. 0.7%; p < 0.001). However, linear regression analysis did not identify parental leave or duration as a significant predictor for number of completed cataracts (p = 0.206). Complication rate was not different between males and females (p = 0.35).ConclusionsFemale trainees completed 41.7% fewer cataract operations at the end of their training compared to male counterparts with the gap widening between years 1 and 4 of training. The current data demonstrates that female and male RANZCO trainees are not receiving equivalent operating experiences.
Influence of the tooth position, guided sleeve height, supporting length, manufacturing methods, and resin E‐modulus on the in vitro accuracy of surgical implant guides in a free‐end situation
Authors: Kessler Andreas , Le Vinzenz , Folwaczny Matthias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe study aims to evaluate the effect of tooth position, sleeve height, supporting length, resin E‐modulus, and manufacturing method on the accuracy of dental implants placed in vitro fully guided in a lower jaw free‐end situation.Material and MethodsUsing resin clones of a patient case providing a free‐end situation 384 implants has been experimentally placed guided. The accuracy of postoperative implant position analyzed depending on the tooth position (first and second molar), sleeve height (2 and 6mm), supporting length (tooth no. 37–33 and 37 43), resin E‐modulus (<2,000, >2,000, and >3,000 MPa), and manufacturing method (milled, printed). To determine the three‐dimensional accuracy angular deviation, mean crestal, apical deviation, and the linear vertical deviation at apex were calculated separately for each group (n = 12).ResultsThe accuracy of implant placement using milled guides was affected only by the tooth position, indicating stronger deviation of implants replacing second molars than first molars. Considering printed guides, the implant position was influenced by tooth position, sleeve height, and supporting length. Linear vertical deviation >1 mm was found for printed materials with the lowest E‐modulus at tooth position no. 37. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant lower odds for linear vertical deviation >1 mm for materials with higher E‐modulus (OR: 0.04; 95% CI:0.01–0.97; p = .048) and higher ratio for smaller sleeve height (OR: 2.77; 95% CI:1.20–6.38; p = .017).ConclusionAccuracy of implant placement in a free‐end situation lacking distal tooth support is superior for milled as compared to 3D‐printed surgical guides. When using 3D‐printed surgical guides, smaller sleeve heights and extended tooth support improve the accuracy of implant placement.
Addition of autogenous bone chips to deproteinized bovine bone mineral does not have additional benefit in lateral ridge augmentation—A preclinical in vivo experimental study
Authors: Song Young Woo , Jung Hyun‐Jun , An Yin‐Zhe , Jung Ui‐Won , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcome after extensive lateral guided bone regeneration using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) with or without autogenous bone chips in a canine model of chronic horizontal alveolar ridge defect.Materials and MethodsThe second, third and fourth lower premolars of both sides were extracted, and the buccal bone walls were completely removed in five beagle dogs. After 4 weeks, DBBM particles mixed with autogenous bone chips at a ratio of 1:1 were grafted at one side (DBBM/Auto group), while DBBM particles alone were grafted at the contralateral side (DBBM group). The graft materials on both sides were covered by a resorbable collagen membrane and fixation pins. Microcomputed tomographic volume and histomorphometric analyses were performed at 16 weeks post‐surgery.ResultsThe ridges of both groups were recovered horizontally, but new bone formation beyond the original ridge contour at the defect site was not found. The DBBM group exhibited a larger total radiographic augmented volume and new bone volume compared with the DBBM/Auto group, but the differences were minimal (p > .05). Histologically, the regenerated area and new bone area were also slightly larger without any statistical significance in the DBBM group than in the DBBM/Auto group (p > .05).ConclusionThe addition of autogenous bone chips to DBBM for lateral ridge augmentation may confer no advantage over grafting DBBM alone with respect to both space maintenance and de novo bone formation in dogs.
Immediate implant placement in fresh alveolar sockets with a minimal split‐thickness envelope flap: A randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Garcia‐Sanchez Ruben , Mardas Nikos , Buti Jacopo , Ortiz Ruiz Antonio Jose , Pardo Zamora Guillermo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesComparing PES/WES scores, modified success rate, survival, success, buccal bone thickness and patient‐reported outcomes of immediate dental implants placed in fresh alveolar sockets using a flap or a minimal split‐thickness envelope flap (MSTEF).Materials and methodsImplants following random assignment into a flap or MSTEF group were placed immediately in anterior and premolar areas. Guided bone regeneration and autogenous connective tissue graft were used in all cases. A temporary prosthesis was provided followed by the final prosthesis at 16–18 weeks. Success and survival rates together with radiographic buccal bone thickness and patient satisfaction were evaluated at 12‐month post‐loading. The aesthetic outcome was evaluated through the Pink (PES) and White (WES) Aesthetic Score by 8 blind clinicians of different training background and incorporated in modified success criteria.Results28 implants were placed on 28 patients. No statistically significant differences were noted in PES (10.54 control versus 10.80 test), WES scores (6.97 control versus 6.95 test) or success criteria including aesthetic parameters (modified success criteria) for the different specialty groups (Range 69%‐92%). In addition, no statistically significant differences were noted in survival (100%), success (100%), buccal wall thickness between control (0.72 ± 0.22) and test group (0.92 ± 0.31) and patients’ reported outcomes.ConclusionsImmediate dental implant treatment with flap/ MSTEF provided similar mean PES/WES scores, modified success rate, survival, mean buccal bone levels and patients’ satisfaction. However, aesthetic failures were common in both groups.
Feeding of a fat‐enriched diet causes the loss of resistance to contact hypersensitivity
Authors: Rühl‐Muth Anne‐Catherine , Maler Mareike D. , Esser Philipp R. , Martin Stefan F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow‐molecular weight chemicals or metal ions can cause allergic contact dermatitis, an inflammatory skin disease. Mice lacking Toll‐like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2/4 mice) are resistant to contact hypersensitivity (CHS). In the Western population obesity is increasing, which is known to have a proinflammatory impact.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a high‐fat diet (HFD) on the sensitization and elicitation of CHS. We hypothesized that a proinflammatory micromilieu can be caused by an increase in adipose tissue, which might be sufficient to break the resistance of TLR2/4 mice.MethodsFour weeks prior to sensitization, wild‐type (wt) or TLR2/4 mice were fed normal chow (NC), control diet (CD), or HFD. The effects on CHS and inflammation were analysed by measuring the ear swelling response, using flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe reaction of wt mice to 2,4,6‐trinitro‐1‐chlorobenzene (TNCB) was increased by HFD. While NC‐fed TLR2/4 mice were still resistant to CHS, HFD and, unexpectedly, CD feeding broke the resistance of TLR2/4 mice to TNCB.ConclusionsThese experiments suggest that the increased fat content or the different fatty acid composition of the diets increases inflammation and, therefore, the likelihood of developing CHS.