bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral diadochokinesis and associated oro‐facial function in young and old German mother‐tongue speakers: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Schimmel Martin , Domioni Tania , Bukvic Hristina , Arakawa Itsuka , Seifert Eberhard , Abou‐Ayash Samir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were to compare oral diadochokinesis and to test associations with oro‐facial functional parameters in healthy young and old German speakers.BackgroundOral diadochokinesis is a key component in the concept of oro‐facial hypofunction and relates to tongue and lip motor function but may depend on the linguistic background.Materials and methodsHealthy German speakers with a minimum of 20 teeth were recruited to form a young (<60 years) and an older group (≥60 years). Oral diadochokinesis was assessed as the number of repetitions/s for the monosyllables /pa/, /ta/ and /ka/ to evaluate movement capacity of the lip, the anterior region of the tongue and the posterior region of the tongue, respectively. Maximum voluntary lip force, maximum voluntary bite force, masticatory performance, maximum voluntary tongue pressure, xerostomia and swallowing function were assessed with validated instruments. Results are presented as median (IQR).ResultsSixty participants formed the younger group (n = 35, 30.0 years [24.0‐49.0]) and the older group (n = 25, 64.0 years [62.0‐72.0]). Counts/s of /ta/ were different between age groups (younger group: 6.0 vs older group: 5.4) but not for syllables /pa/ (younger group: 6.0 vs older group: 5.8) and /ka/ (younger group: 5.6 vs older group: 5.0). The oral diadochokinesis with /pa/ was overall associated with maximum voluntary lip force; oral diadochokinesis performed with /ta/ was associated with tongue pressure, and oral diadochokinesis with /ka/ with swallowing function. Masticatory performance was not associated with oral diadochokinesis but with maximum voluntary bite force, xerostomia and with maximum voluntary tongue pressure.ConclusionsThe published thresholds for oral diadochokinesis should be reconsidered in non‐Japanese mother‐tongue speakers. However, they still play an important role in the overall concept of oro‐facial functional assessment.
Effects of Spatiotemporal Constraints on Geostatistical Analysis of Groundwater Depth
Authors: Hellman Amit , Pe'er Gilboa , Kniffin Maribeth L. , Kamai Ronnie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGeostatistical evaluation of the groundwater depth (GWD) in California's South Coast hydrologic region, and its sensitivity to different spatiotemporal assumptions, is presented in this paper. We obtain a pseudo‐stationary representation of the groundwater depth, using the publicly available, online database from the GAMA GeoTracker project, while tracking the associated uncertainty throughout the process. We create nine different sub‐datasets, using different temporal constraints, such as seasonal partitioning and different long‐term variability filtering criteria. The geostatistical analysis and comparison between the different maps highlight the trade‐off between spatial and temporal accuracy. For example, when moving to stricter filtering criteria, despite removing a large number of sites from the interpolation, the root mean squared error (RMSE) calculated in the analysis either decreased or only slightly increased. This suggests that the long‐term variability filter is a good representation of the GWD accuracy and that the cross‐validation RMSE captures both the stability effect as well as spatial density of the measurement points. We further find that the point‐specific standard error is strongly correlated with the associated GWD prediction and that the mean relative error is approximately 60% of the prediction. Hence, it is highly recommended to account for such error in a forward‐engineering application, by introducing a GWD distribution rather than a single value into the analysis. Finally, we analyze seasonal fluctuations in the study region and find that they are on average 2.5 m with a standard deviation of 8 m.
Synergistic effect of high‐intensity ultrasound and β‐cyclodextrin treatments on browning control in apple juice
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Li Junjie , Murtaza Ayesha , Iqbal Aamir , Zhu Lijuan , Ali Shinawar Waseem , Usman Muhammad , Yameen Roshan , Pan Siyi , Hu Wanfeng 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThis work evaluated the synergistic effects of combined high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) treatments on inhibiting browning of apple juice and explored the mechanism through simulation system. The combined treatment of 300 W HIU with 0.006 g mL−1 β‐CD had a synergistic impact on maintaining juice colour, resulting in a 39.06% reduction in browning degree, only a 36.64% decrease in total phenolic content, and a 17.82% reduction in PPO activity. The inhibition of enzymatic browning in simulated system revealed that HIU suppressed the enzyme (Polyphenol oxidase, PPO) and β‐CD inhibited enzyme (PPO) and embedded substrate (polyphenol). The results of spectroscopic analysis showed that the particle‐size distribution of PPO narrowed, the content of α‐helix in the secondary structure increased, the fluorescence intensity increased, and the maximum wavelength was red‐shifted after HIU and β‐CD treatment. Changes in structure could further result in PPO activity loss. Hence, the combined treatment could synthetically alleviate the browning of apple juice.
Impact of nonthermal food processing techniques on mycotoxins and their producing fungi
Authors: Drishya C. , Yoha K.S. , Perumal Anand Babu , Moses Jeyan A , Anandharamakrishnan C. , Balasubramaniam V. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMycotoxins are a significant threat to food safety and quality. Over the years, mycotoxins have been detected in almost all food and feed crops without any regional barrier. Conventional techniques for decontamination of mycotoxin involve physical, chemical, and biological methods, but these technologies often impact the quality of food in terms of changes in nutritional and sensory attributes. We examined the effects of nonthermal techniques on mycotoxins and their producing fungi to remove or reduce mycotoxin levels in food products without compromising food quality. Nonthermal technologies employ different lethal agents (including ozone, cold plasma, light, pressure, radiation, ultrasound, electric field, and magnetic field) to degrade mycotoxins while minimising product thermal exposure. However, the degradation pathway and toxicology of treated products need further research for a better understanding. With such food process development and optimisation efforts, food processors can employ various nonthermal technologies as tools for delivering consumer‐desired mycotoxin‐free food products with intact nutritional and sensory quality.
High‐pressure processing applied for enhancing the antioxidant content of minimally processed peaches
Authors: Denoya Gabriela Inés , Polenta Gustavo Alberto , Apóstolo Nancy Mariel , Budde Claudio Olaf , Cristianini Marcelo , Vaudagna Sergio Ramón 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn addition to the capacity of high‐pressure processing (HPP) to preserve fruits, recent studies highlight the ability of this technology to increase the content of antioxidants. The aim of this work was to find the HPP conditions able to maximise the increase in antioxidants in minimally processed peaches without affecting the overall quality, complemented by a microstructural study to better understand the observed effects. Therefore, minimally processed peaches were subjected to HPP treatment with different pressure levels (100, 300 and 500 MPa) and holding times (1,5 min). Results showed that 300 and 500 MPa induced a significant increase in the antioxidant content, which can be partially linked to the increase in the extractability of these compounds brought about by the changes in the microstructure. It can be concluded that a treatment at 300 MPa for 1 min is enough to induce a significant increase in antioxidants, without causing deterioration of the product.
Physicochemical, sensorial and microcosmic properties of Chinese dried noodles fortified with unhulled and hulled flaxseed flour
Authors: Duan Yiting , Zhou Sheng , Liu Rui , Wen Yuxiu , Xing Yanan , Yu Xiuzhu 
Published: November 2021

SummaryChinese dried noodles (CHDNs) were fortified with unhulled flaxseed flour (UHFF) and hulled flaxseed flour (HFF), and textures, antioxidant activities, sensory properties and microstructure were investigated. The optimal levels of UHFF and HFF added to CHDNs were 5% and 10%, respectively. Compared with HFF, UHFF addition enhanced the in vitro antioxidant activities but significantly decreased the colour of CHDNs. The addition of UHFF and HFF increased the cooking loss and decreased the hardness, firmness force, tensile strength and fracture distance ratio of cooked CHDNs in a dose‐dependent manner. The addition of levels of 5% UHFF, as well 5% and 10% HFF increased the flaxseed aroma of CHDNs. Both UHFF and HFF decreased the gaps in the internal structure of CHDNs. UHFF remarkably increased the roughness of CHDNs compared with HFF. In summary, UHFF and HFF have the potential to improve the overall quality of CHDNs without compromising the eating quality.
Psychosocial vulnerability among carers of persons living with a chronic illness: A scoping review
Authors: Cormican Orlaith , Meskell Pauline , Dowling Maura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo outline and examine evidence related to the meaning of ‘psychosocial vulnerability’ among caregivers of persons with chronic illnesses.BackgroundThe number of informal caregivers continues to rise globally. Their risk of psychosocial vulnerability is frequently overlooked, but understanding their psychosocial vulnerability may offer insights into meeting their needs.DesignScoping review following the PRISMA 2020 extension guidelines.Data sourcesThe databases CINAHL, Embase, Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Lenus and ProQuest were systematically searched to identify original research. No date limit was set, and 23 studies were included.Review methodsA five‐step approach using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Thematic analysis guided data analysis.ResultsCarers' psychosocial vulnerability occurs when they experience barriers to resources while access and use of supports reduce risk. Antecedents of psychosocial vulnerability include a carer's age and sex, socioeconomic status and their health and wellbeing. Psychosocial vulnerability affects carers' relationships and causes personal losses.ConclusionsThe concept of carers' psychosocial vulnerability is complex. Recognition of carers at risk for psychosocial vulnerability would help nurses direct relevant support and information to carers who need it most.
Vibrational spectroscopy analysis of silica and silicate glass networks
Authors: Liu Hongshen , Kaya Huseyin , Lin Yen‐Ting , Ogrinc Andrew , Kim Seong H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVibrational spectroscopy has been widely used to investigate various structural aspects of the glass network, and there are a plethora of papers reporting subtle but consistent changes in infrared and Raman spectral features of glass upon alterations of glass compositions, thermal histories, mechanical stresses, or surface treatments. However, interpretations of such spectral features are still obscured due to the lack of well‐established physical principles accurately describing vibrational modes of the non‐crystalline glass network. Due to the non‐equilibrium nature of the glass network, three‐dimensionally connected without any long‐range orders, vibrational spectral features of glass cannot be interpreted using the analogy with those of isolated molecular moieties or crystalline counterparts. This feature article explains why such comparisons are outdated and describes the recent advances made from theoretical calculations of vibrational spectral features of amorphous networks or comparisons of computational results with experimental data. For the interpretation of vibrational spectral features of silica and silicate glasses, the following empirical relationships are suggested: (i) the intensity‐weighted peak position of the Si‐O‐Si stretch mode negatively correlates with the weighted average of the Si‐O bond length distribution, and (ii) the broad band of the Si‐O‐Si bending mode negatively correlates with the Si‐O‐Si bond angle distribution. Selected examples of vibrational spectroscopic imaging of surface defects are discussed to deliberate the implication of these findings in the structure‐property relationship of silica and silicate glass materials. Unanswered questions and continuing research challenges are identified.
A histological study of the atria in patients with isolated rheumatic mitral regurgitation with and without atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kalpana Saligrama R. , Shenthar Jayaprakash , Padmanabhan Deepak , Rai Maneesh K. , Singh Ankit , Banavalikar Bharatraj , Kalyani Ravikumar N. , Kamalapurkar Giridhar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with isolated rheumatic mitral regurgitation (MR). The histopathologic changes in the atria of patients with isolated rheumatic MR with and without AF are unknown.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the histological findings in patients with isolated severe rheumatic MR with and without AF.MethodsPatients with severe isolated rheumatic MR undergoing valve replacement surgeries underwent endocardial biopsies from right atrial appendage, left atrial appendage, right free wall, left free wall, left posterior wall, and mitral valve. Group I consisted of patients in sinus rhythm (SR), and Group II included patients with AF. We analyzed and compared these 10 histological features in the biopsies of patients in Groups I and II.ResultsOf the 25 patients, 12 were in Group I and 13 in Group II. In Group I, patients had severe myocyte hypertrophy (60% vs. 18%, p = .04) that was significantly more in the right atrium (22.7% vs. 11.4%, p = .059). Interstitial adipose tissue deposition was more common in Group I (30% vs. 25%, p = .06). Interstitial fibrosis was evenly distributed at all sites without significant difference between the two groups. Group II patients had a higher prevalence and severity of vacuolar degeneration (91% vs. 60%, p = .09).ConclusionsPatients with isolated severe rheumatic MR and AF have more vacuolar degeneration in the atrial tissue. Patients with SR have myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial adipose tissue deposition. Interstitial fibrosis is uniformly distributed in patients in SR and AF.
Exosomal miR‐21‐5p derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PIK3R1
Authors: Qi Jin , Zhang Ruihao , Wang Yapeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of pluripotent cells that can release a large number of exosomes which act as paracrine mediators in tumour‐associated microenvironment. However, the role of MSC‐derived exosomes in pathogenesis and progression of cancer cells especially osteosarcoma has not been thoroughly clarified until now. In this study, we established a co‐culture model for human bone marrow‐derived MSCs with osteosarcoma cells, then extraction of exosomes from induced MSCs and study the role of MSC‐derived exosomes in the progression of osteosarcoma cell. The aim of this study was to address potential cell biological effects between MSCs and osteosarcoma cells. The results showed that MSC‐derived exosomes can significantly promote osteosarcoma cells’ proliferation and invasion. We also found that miR‐21‐5p was significantly over‐expressed in MSCs and MSC‐derived exosomes by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), compared with human foetal osteoblastic cells hFOB1.19. MSC‐derived exosomes transfected with miR‐21‐5p could significantly enhance the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays validated the targeted relationship between exosomal miR‐21‐5p and PIK3R1; we further demonstrated that miR‐21‐5p‐abundant exosomes derived human bone marrow MSCs could activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by suppressing PIK3R1 expression in osteosarcoma cells. In summary, our study provides new insights into the interaction between human bone marrow MSCs and osteosarcoma cells in tumour‐associated microenvironment.
Numerical study of initially frozen rice congee with thin film resonators package in microwave domestic oven
Authors: Klinbun Waraporn , Rattanadecho Phadungsak 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPackaging plays a crucial role in microwave processing of foods. However, the characteristics of frozen food and the resonance package are not well understood and inadequate. In this work, the approach is mainly based on a coupled electric‐thermal model. The numerical model of the microwave heating of frozen rice congee with resonance package is developed using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4 software to examine the effects of metal film as a resonator and the port power position on heating patterns and rates in domestic microwave oven. The simulation model food of stationary is placed in the center of the domestic microwave oven. The sample is heated from the room temperature for 60 s, 800 W, and 2.45 GHz. The dielectric properties are measured as a function of the temperature and the thermal properties are calculated from chemical composition of frozen rice congee. In order to validate the results of simulation, a series of experiments were performed with three replicates at each case. The temperature is recorded using fiber‐optic sensors and thermal imaging camera. The results show good agreement with simulated results. The difference in results is found by 5–10%. The results in this work indicate that the temperature of frozen food after subjected to microwave is highest in case no metal film on package for both top and side port power. Further investigation showed that the metal film area on package affects heating uniformity. The top port power increases more than 25% of sample temperature.Practical ApplicationsThe popularity of microwave ovens has led food producers to develop a new generation of microwave heating products. Many products can be heated and served in their packages. However, the big problem in the microwave heating of food is nonuniform heating. The metal microwaveable packaging is developed as one solution of how to overcome this problem. The reason is that the metal film can change the electric distribution pattern because of changing heating profile. This work examines the effects of metal film area and port power position on heating uniformity and thawing time in microwave process. The application of this work can be used to optimize the port position and food package modification to achieve more uniform heating.
A novel approach for determining integrated water discharge from the ground surface to trunk sewer networks for fast prediction of urban floods
Authors: Wu Lianhui , Tajima Yoshimitsu , Sanuki Hiroshi , Shibuo Yoshihiro , Furumai Hiroaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany urban flood models employ coarse grids to reduce the computational cost of real‐time forecasting. Such a coarse grid, however, may result in poor predictions of the discharge rate of surface water because of difficulties in representing the detailed features of drainage facilities. In the present study, an urban flood model that consists of a one‐dimensional (1D) river flow model, a two‐dimensional (2D) ground surface flow model, and a 1D sewer network model was developed. A coarse grid is used for the 2D ground surface flow model, and the tail networks of the sewer systems are neglected to reduce computational cost. A novel approach is proposed for determining the integrated water discharge from the ground surface to the trunk sewer network to retain the accuracy of a simplified coarse‐grid system. Numerical experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Measured water levels at manholes were employed to examine the accuracy of the model. The results show that this approach significantly improves the accuracy of the simulated water level in a sewer network with enhanced computational efficiency.
Persistence of pain and cognitive impairment in older adults
Authors: Bell Tyler , Franz Carol E. , Kremen William S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNo studies have examined the longitudinal association between the persistence of pain and its relationship to cognitive problems in older adults. The objective of this study was to examine how the persistent of pain associates with cognitive performance, cognitive impairment, and subjective memory decline.MethodsAcross 10 biennial waves, 8515 adults ages 65 and over were assessed from the Health and Retirement Study (Mage = 74.17, SD = 6.87, 59.2% female). At each wave, individuals were asked to report on pain presence, and if present, rate its intensity and interference with daily activities such as housework or chores. Using running frequencies or averages, we calculated the persistence of pain using these three pain measures. Cognition was assessed using cognitive performance and different cognitive impairment cutoffs. Incident subjective memory decline was additionally measured as new self‐reported memory change in the last 2 years. General estimating equations examined concurrent associations between persistence of pain and cognitive variables, adjusting for demographics, depressive symptoms, and medical comorbidities.ResultsPersistence of pain presence was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Only persistence of pain interference, not pain intensity, was significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance or being classified as cognitively impaired. For every 2 years, persistence of pain interference was associated with 21% increased odds of cognitive impairment. Only one of three pain variables was related to incident subjective memory decline.ConclusionsPersistence of pain is associated with poorer cognitive performance in community‐dwelling older adults, especially when involving ongoing interference in chores and work. Facilitating pain management might be important for helping to maintain later‐life cognition and reduce dementia risk.