bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech as an indicator for psychosocial stress: A network analytic approach
Authors: Kappen Mitchel , Hoorelbeke Kristof , Madhu Nilesh , Demuynck Kris , Vanderhasselt Marie-Anne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, the possibilities of detecting psychosocial stress from speech have been discussed. Yet, there are mixed effects and a current lack of clarity in relations and directions for parameters derived from stressed speech. The aim of the current study is – in a controlled psychosocial stress induction experiment – to apply network modeling to (1) look into the unique associations between specific speech parameters, comparing speech networks containing fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, mean voiced segment length, and Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR) pre- and post-stress induction, and (2) examine how changes pre- versus post-stress induction (i.e., change network) in each of the parameters are related to changes in self-reported negative affect. Results show that the network of speech parameters is similar after versus before the stress induction, with a central role of HNR, which shows that the complex interplay and unique associations between each of the used speech parameters is not impacted by psychosocial stress (aim 1). Moreover, we found a change network (consisting of pre-post stress difference values) with changes in jitter being positively related to changes in self-reported negative affect (aim 2). These findings illustrate – for the first time in a well-controlled but ecologically valid setting – the complex relations between different speech parameters in the context of psychosocial stress. Longitudinal and experimental studies are required to further investigate these relationships and to test whether the identified paths in the networks are indicative of causal relationships.
Hunting for Planetary Nebulae toward the Galactic Center
Authors: Hong Jihye , Simpson Janet P. , An Deokkeun , Cotera Angela S. , Ramírez Solange V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present near-infrared (IR) spectra of two planetary nebula (PN) candidates in close lines of sight toward the Galactic center (GC) using the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph at Gemini North. High-resolution images from radio continuum and narrowband IR observations reveal ringlike or barrel-shaped morphologies of these objects, and their mid-IR spectra from the Spitzer Space Telescope exhibit rich emission lines from highly-excited species such as [S iv], [Ne iii], [Ne v], and [O iv]. We also derive elemental abundances using the Cloudy synthetic models, and find an excess amount of the s-process element krypton in both targets, which supports their nature as PNe. We estimate foreground extinction toward each object using near-IR hydrogen recombination lines, and find significant visual extinctions (A

V
> 20). The distances inferred from the size versus surface brightness relation of other PNe are 9.0 ± 1.6 kpc and 7.6 ± 1.6 kpc for SSTGC 580183 and SSTGC 588220, respectively. These observed properties along with the abundance patterns and close proximity to Sgr A* (projected distances ≲20 pc) make it highly probable that these objects are the first confirmed PN objects in the nuclear stellar disk. The apparent scarcity of such objects resembles the extremely low rate of PN formation in old stellar systems, but is in line with the current rate of sustained star formation activity in the Central Molecular Zone.
Dust Outburst Dynamics and Hazard Assessment for Close Spacecraft–Comet Encounters
Authors: Fink Uwe , Harris Walter , Doose Lyn , Volk Kat , Woodney Laura , Farnham Tony , Womack Maria 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Using the gas drag by sublimating cometary surface ices for the acceleration of dust particles and deceleration by the gravity field of the nucleus combined with basic laws of mechanics, the sizes, velocities, and number densities of escaping particles are calculated and evaluated with respect to the hazard assessment of comet–spacecraft flybys and encounters. We find good agreement between our analytical method and the more elaborate and precise DSMC calculations, but, being simpler, our method can more easily be used to explore a wide range of cometary conditions and can be more easily scaled to specific comets with different nucleus sizes, masses, and gravity potentials and various gas and dust production rates. Our analytical method is applied to outbursts expanding into a cone of ∼60°, where the gas density falls off with height from the surface rather than radial distance from the center of a uniformly outgassing nucleus. In this scenario, larger dust particles can be ejected and attain ballistic trajectories, go into orbit, or escape from the nucleus, thus being potentially more hazardous to a spacecraft. Sample calculations are carried out for potential dust outbursts for the highly active Centaur/Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 for various assumed active areas and dust particle size distributions. Particle velocity ranges for ballistic trajectories, orbiting particles, and particles escaping into the coma are presented. These calculations are used to estimate the coma particle number densities during outbursts to get an assessment of the hazards and required mitigation for a flyby or orbiting space mission.
An updated checklist of the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) of Colombia
Authors: Comoglio Lorenzo , Brechlin Ronald 
Published: August 2021

An updated and comprehensive checklist of wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from Colombia is presented, including their occurrence status in each Colombian department. In Colombia, there are a total of 6 subfamilies, 55 genera, and 602 species of Saturniidae. Current distribution data shows that one genus and 310 species are endemic to Colombia. As a result of the description of many new species for the neotropics, some species names presented in the first checklist of Colombian Saturniidae (Amarillo-Suárez 2000) are obsolete. The following taxa, hitherto treated as subspecies, are raised to species status: Arsenura lemairei Racheli & Racheli, 1998 stat. nov. from A. thomsoni Schaus, 1906; Copiopteryx banghaasi Draudt, 1930 stat. nov. from C. semiramis (Cramer, 1775); and Rhescyntis norax Druce, 1897 stat. nov. from R. hippodamia Druce, 1897. A new combination is proposed in this context: Copiopteryx banghaasi andensis (Lemaire, 1974) comb. nov. In addition, Bathyphlebia aglia gschwandneri Schawerda, 1925 stat. nov. is removed from its synonymy with B. aglia Felder & Felder, 1874 and here treated as a subspecies of the latter. Furthermore, Rothschildia equatorialis bogotana Rothschild, 1907 stat. rev., comb. nov. is reinstated as a subspecies, but now from equatorialis Rothschild, 1907 and not from orizaba (Westwood, 1853). The following taxa are recognized as new synonyms: Rhescyntis hippodamia colombiana (Bouvier, 1927) syn. nov. of Rhescyntis norax Druce, 1897, Therinia transversaria columbiana (Jordan, 1924) syn. nov. of Therinia transversaria (Druce, 1887), and Rothschildia arethusa rhodina Jordan, 1911 syn nov. of Rothschildia arethusa (Walker, 1855). Old records of taxa that recently could not be found in Colombia have been removed due to new evidence. The purpose is to avoid confusion with old names and provide an updated list of Colombian species, including many recently described taxa.
Role of Endosomal TLRs in Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Lentini Germana , Famà Agata , De Gaetano Giuseppe Valerio , Galbo Roberta , Coppolino Francesco , Venza Mario , Teti Giuseppe , Beninati Concetta 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Identification of the receptors involved in innate immune recognition of Staphylococcus aureus, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, is essential to develop alternative strategies to treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. In the current study, we examine the role of endosomal TLRs, which sense the presence of prokaryotic-type nucleic acids, in anti-staphylococcal host defenses using infection models involving genetically defective mice. Single deficiencies in TLR7, 9, or 13 resulted in mild or no decrease in host defenses. However, the simultaneous absence of TLR7, 9, and 13 resulted in markedly increased susceptibility to cutaneous and systemic S. aureus infection concomitantly with decreased production of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, neutrophil recruitment to infection sites, and reduced production of reactive oxygen species. This phenotype was significantly more severe than that of mice lacking TLR2, which senses the presence of staphylococcal lipoproteins. Notably, the combined absence of TLR7, 9, and 13 resulted in complete abrogation of IL-12 p70 and IFN-β responses to staphylococcal stimulation in macrophages. Taken together, our data highlight the presence of a highly integrated endosomal detection system, whereby TLR7, 9, and 13 cooperate in sensing the presence of staphylococcal nucleic acids. We demonstrate that the combined absence of these receptors cannot be compensated for by cell surface-associated TLRs, such as TLR2, or cytosolic receptors. These data may be useful to devise strategies aimed at stimulating innate immune receptors to treat S. aureus infections.
Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Health and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Firefighters in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Ras Jaron , Mosie Duncan , Strauss Matthew , Leach Lloyd 
Published: August 2021

Background Firefighting is a hazardous occupation, and the firefighters’ fitness for duty is affected by their knowledge of and attitudes toward their health and their relationship in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude toward health and CVD risk factors among firefighters in South Africa. Design and methods The study used a cross-sectional research design. A sample of 110 firefighters, males and females, aged 18 to 65 years were conveniently sampled from the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service. A researcher-generated selfadministered questionnaire was completed online to obtain data from firefighters. A p-value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results The results showed that 52.8% of firefighters had a poor knowledge of health, and 47.2% had a good knowledge of health, while 10% reported a negative attitude towards health and 90.0% had a positive attitude towards health. There was a significant difference between firefighters’ knowledge of health and their attitudes toward health (P<0.05), particularly related to marital status, age, years of experience and in those with CVD risk factors (P<0.05). Significant correlations were found between knowledge of CVD and knowledge of health-risk behaviours (P<0.05). Conclusion Significant differences in health knowledge and attitudes toward health were present in married, aged and hypertensive firefighters. Overall health knowledge and health-risk behaviours were significant predictors of attitudes toward health.
Obsessive belief and emotional appraisal correlates of symptom dimensions and impairment in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Sinha Reema , Mahour Pooja , Sharma Eesha , Mehta Urvakhsh M. , Agarwal Manu 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous and debilitating illness. Symptom dimensions of OCD lend homogeneous avenues for research. Variations in one's appraisal of thoughts and emotions can influence symptom dimensions and impairment. However, little is known about the combined influence of these appraisals in OCD. A clear understanding of these relationships has putative treatment implications.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to examine the associations among obsessive beliefs, emotional appraisals, and OCD symptom dimensions in adults.

Materials and Methods:
We examined 50 drug-naïve/drug-free adults with active OCD. Symptom dimensions and impairment were assessed using the Dimensional Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Severity Scale. Obsessive beliefs and emotional appraisals were studied using the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 and Perception of Threat from Emotion Questionnaire.

Results:
Tobit regression analysis showed the differential association of obsessive beliefs and symptom dimensions – perfectionism/certainty associated with contamination and responsibility/threat estimation associated with aggressive obsessions. Impairment was associated with dimensional symptom severities and with the perception of threat from anger. This association remained even after controlling for depression severity and obsessive beliefs.

Conclusions:
OCD symptom dimensions are heterogeneous in underlying obsessive beliefs. Emotional appraisals contribute significantly to impairment alongside symptom severity. Emotion-focused interventions must be included in the psychotherapeutic interventions for OCD.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Agreement between Four Phenotypic Carbapenemase Detection Tests among Enterobacterales
Authors: Farooqui Fizza , Irfan Seema , Laiq Sidra M 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs) are becoming increasingly popular as a cause of hospital-acquired infections that are difficult to treat and are frequently reported as causes of outbreaks in various hospitals. Conventional culturing techniques take at least 2 days to report a case as carbapenem resistant, and it is therefore important to detect such resistance mechanisms as early as possible.

Methods:
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of Carba NP, modified Hodge test (MHT), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disk synergy test (DST), and the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM). This study was done at Microbiology Laboratory, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. It was an observational study. Carba NP, MHT, EDTA DST, and the mCIM were performed on consecutive isolates of Enterobacterales. Sensitivity, specificity, and agreement between the four tests were calculated.

Results:
Of 207 Enterobacterales isolated, 127 were resistant to carbapenems. One hundred and fourteen of these were tested by a polymerase chain reaction, and the sensitivities of the Carba NP, MHT, EDTA DST, and the mCIM were found to be 94.34%, 75.47%, 79.25%, and 98.11%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Due to increased rates of carbapenem resistance, there is a need to employ mechanisms in hospitals that can identify such organisms as early as possible, both from clinical and epidemiological standpoints. The Carba NP test is a rapid, cost–effective, and reliable method and mCIM is more accurate but time consuming and both can be safely used for the screening of CREs.
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Oncology Services and the Impact of Specific Measures in Reducing the Delays
Authors: AlSaleh Khalid 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused disruption of oncology services, but data on actual delays are lacking. We sought to study the delays faced by the cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of measures carried out to reduce the delays.

METHODS:
We carried out a review of inpatient and outpatient oncology services from March 15 to June 15, 2020, at our institution. We obtained data on delays in referrals, diagnosis, chemotherapy, and treatment delivery for cancer patients. To examine the delays, patients were assessed in the inpatient and outpatient settings and according to cancer types.

RESULTS:
A total of 505 patients' events were included in the study, with 136 referral delays, 167 diagnostic delays, 121 chemotherapy delays, and 81 treatment delays. In the outpatient settings, maximum referral delays were faced by breast cancer patients (9.5 ± 3.3 days, range 7–14), followed by hematologic malignancy (hematology) patients (8.4 ± 4.5 days, range 0–14). Maximum diagnosis delay was faced by hematology patients (11.75 ± 5 days, range 0–14), followed by breast cancer patients (11.2 ± 3.4 days, range 7–14). Breast and colorectal cancer patients faced maximum chemotherapy delays (9.5 ± 6.6 days, range 0–14), followed by hematology patients (7.3 ± 6.6 days, range 0–14). In the inpatient setting, maximum diagnosis delays were faced by hematology patients (11 ± 2 days, range 10–14), followed by gastrointestinal cancers (8 ± 2.4 days, range 5–10). Maximum chemotherapy delays were faced by hematology patients (8.5 ± 5.9 days, range 0–14) and breast cancer patients (8 ± 2.4 days, range 5–10). Hematology patients were most affected by treatment-delays (6.75 ± 4.7 days, range 0–10). Comparison of delays during the earlier part of the study with the later part showed that referral delays improved by 3.5 days (P = 0.02), diagnosis delays improved by 6.1 days (P < 0.001), chemotherapy delays improved by 7.7 days (P < 0.001), and treatment delays improved by 8 days (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
COVID-19 pandemic caused delays in the diagnosis and management of most cancer patients. Measures adopted to overcome delays resulted in a significant reduction in delays.
Tooth Morphometry and Pattern of Palatal Rugae Among Monozygotic Twins in Malaysia
Authors: Lestari Widya , Adanan Nurliyana Afiqah , Mokhtar Nur Izzati Attiyah , Ardini Yunita Dewi , Ichwan Solachuddin Jauhari Arief , Haris Muhammad Salahuddin 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Monozygotic (MZ) twins share the same DNA, placenta, amniotic fluid, and physical features. Genetic factors play a prominent role compared to environmental factors in one’s physical appearance, including dental morphology. Here we studied variation in MZ twin’s tooth morphometry and palatal rugae pattern.

Materials and methods:
Variation between twins can be a valuable tool in forensics to identify individuals. Ten pairs of MZ twins were selected for this research. The maximum coronal mesiodistal and buccopalatal dimension of the maxillary teeth, excluding the second and third molars, were measured in triplicate using calipers. Palatal rugae patterns of the samples were cast, analyzed, and recorded based on shape and unification.

Results:
Our results showed a significant tooth dimension correlation between MZ twins. Maxillary central incisors had the least genetic variability, but the Carabelli trait, skeletal pattern, occlusion, and occlusal features all exhibited a greater correlation in MZ twins. Our findings provide compelling evidence for mirroring of dental features and palatal rugae patterns in MZ twins. This study is the first of its kind reported in Malaysia.

Conclusion:
Marked similarities in tooth morphometry and other dental physical features were observed between twins, which can be a useful tool in forensics for the identification of individuals.
Effect of Myogenous Temporomandibular Joint Disorders on Cervical Range of Motion
Authors: Ahmed Junaid , Nath Mandovi , Sujir Nanditha , Shenoy Nandita , Ongole Ravikiran , Binnal Almas 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) involve abnormalities of either the disc or associated muscular structure. Evidence continues to accumulate regarding the untreated diseases of stomatognathic system, in particular, malocclusion and TMDs, which eventually carry a risk of development of postural disorders. The present study was undertaken to assess the correlation between TMDs and altered cervical range of motion and to review its association with the myogenous causes of TMD.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 80 patients were recruited and were divided into two groups; those diagnosed with TMDs were classified as cases and those who did not suffer from TMDs and/or cervical spine anomalies were classified as controls. Patients reporting with a positive history of painful joints and muscles were examined and were later referred to the department of physiotherapy, where the cervical range of motion was assessed using Baseline® bubble inclinometer. Cervical range of motion in healthy patients was compared with those affected with TMDs using posthoc Tukey test.

Results:
There was a significant difference in the values for range of motion and was found to be considerably restricted among the TMD subjects. Disability for the range of motion was statistically significant with a P-value of <0.001 for tests of active flexion, passive flexion, left active flexion, and left passive flexion in patients with myogenous TMDs.

Conclusion:
TMDs were found to be a significant factor in the occurrence of an impaired cervical range of motion.
Antifungal Efficacy of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br on Candida Species Isolated from the Oral Cavity
Authors: Devika K.V. , Sabarinathan T. , Shamala S. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Nature is a valuable source of active ingredients that needs to be explored, especially its utilization in the medical field. Owing to the limited availability of antifungal drugs and also considering their side effects, there is always a constant need for a safe and competent alternative. Wrightia tinctoria, a medicinal tree, has been reported to possess potent antifungal activity against commercially available candida strains [American type culture collection (ATCC) and microbial type culture collection (MTCC)]. This could be beneficial clinically only if its antifungal activity could be proved against candida species isolated from clinical samples as the commercially available candida strains might have lost its pathophysiological characteristics on repeated subcultures. Hence, with this background, we performed this study to determine the antifungal efficacy of the extracts obtained from the leaves of W. tinctoria against the candida species isolated from the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal efficacy of W. tinctoria on candida species isolated from the oral cavity.

Materials and Methods:
To determine the antifungal activity, acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts of leaves of W. tinctoria were used. The study population consisted of five healthy volunteers above 18 years of age without any harmful habits and five patients at increased risk of candida infection. Saliva samples were collected by oral rinse technique using phosphate buffered saline. Fluconazole was used as a positive control and the antifungal efficacy was determined using disk diffusion method. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the significant difference between the extracts.

Results:
The mean zone of inhibition of acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts of leaves of W. tinctoria was 10.8667, 11.0000, 10.1333 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:
Acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts of W. tinctoria possess antifungal activity against candida species isolated from oral cavity.