bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Approach for Minimally Invasive Combined Aortic and Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Alkady Hesham , Abouramadan Sobhy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background There is now extension of minimally invasive techniques to involve concomitantly aortic and mitral valves through a single small incision. We share our experience in such surgeries through upper partial sternotomy with approaching the mitral valve through the dome of the left atrium.
Methods Two matched groups of cases receiving concomitant aortic and mitral valve surgeries are compared regarding the surgical outcomes: the minimally invasive group (group A) including 72 patients and the conventional group (group B) including 78 patients.
Results The mean age was 52 ± 8 years in group A and 53 ± 7 years in group B. Males represented (42%) in group A and (49%) in group B. The mean mechanical ventilation time was significantly shorter in group A (4.3 ± 1.2 hours) than in group B (6.1 ± 0.8 hours) with a p-value of 0.001. In addition, the amount of chest tube drainage and the need for blood transfusion units were significantly less in group A (250 ± 160 cm3 and 1.3 ± 0.8 units, respectively) when compared with group B (320 ± 180 cm3 and 1.8 ± 0.9 units, respectively) with p-values of 0.013 and 0.005, respectively. Over a follow-up period of 3.2 ± 1.1 years, one mortality occurred in each group with no significant difference (p-value = 0.512).
Conclusion Combined aortic and mitral valve surgery through upper partial sternotomy with approaching the mitral valve through the dome of the left atrium is safe and effective with the advantages of less postoperative blood loss, need for blood transfusion, and mechanical ventilation time compared with conventional aortic and mitral valve surgery.
Positionspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thorax-, Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie zum Einsatz von Physician Assistants in der Herzchirurgie
Authors: Starck Christoph , Beckmann Andreas , Böning Andreas , Gummert Jan , Lehmann Sven , Hoffmann Marcus , Hüttl Peter , Markewitz Andreas , Borger Michael , Falk Volkmar 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungEine qualitativ hochwertige medizinische Behandlung von herzchirurgischen Patienten erfordert den Einsatz und die Rekrutierung von qualifiziertem Personal mit besonderem Blick auf die Fluktuation. Dieser Aspekt gestaltet sich unter den aktuellen Gegebenheiten des Fachkräftemangels wie auch den Rahmenbedingungen im deutschen Gesundheitswesen zunehmend schwieriger. Durch die Einbindung von Physician Assistants (PA) in herzchirurgischen Fachabteilungen kann das bestehende Personalkonzept innovativ, bedarfsgerecht und insbesondere nachhaltig ergänzt werden. Die jahrzehntelange Erfahrung aus anglo-amerikanischen Ländern belegt, dass mit einem PA-System eine hochwertige medizinische Behandlungsqualität nicht nur stabilisiert, sondern potenziell sogar verbessert werden kann. Gleichzeitig können Ärzte in der herzchirurgischen Facharzt-Weiterbildung von alltäglich anfallenden Tätigkeiten ohne ärztlichen Vorbehalt entlastet werden und somit freiwerdende Ressourcen für eine fundierte und vielfältige Facharztweiterbildung nutzen. Auch positive Effekte auf ökonomische Faktoren der Institution sind denkbar. Die erforderliche Delegation von ärztlichen Tätigkeiten auf nicht-ärztliche Mitarbeiter ist in Deutschland bereits jetzt gesetzlich verankert, ohne dass es spezifische, auf den Physician Assistant ausgerichtete rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen gibt. Die verbindliche Festlegung der Tätigkeiten für einen PA durch medizinische Fachgesellschaften sind in diesem Zusammenhang eine wichtige Aufgabe. In diesem Positionspapier werden unter Erörterung der medizinischen, rechtlichen und ökonomischen Aspekte Tätigkeiten für Physician Assistants in der Herzchirurgie strukturiert dargelegt.
The case for private administration of deposit guarantee schemes
Authors: Meyerhof Salama Bruno , Braga Vicente P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe make the case that the responsibility for appointing board members in Deposit Guarantee Schemes (DGS) for commercial banks should be entrusted to the industry. In doing so, we challenge the position adopted by the International Monetary Fund, which has proposed public DGSs as the best practice. We lay out the comparative advantages of private over public DGS administration, and contend that the role of the government should in principle be limited to regulating DGSs specifically and financial markets in general. We conclude that the current worldwide trend towards greater involvement of government in financial regulation should not be extended to the administration of DGSs.
Radiative dynamics and delayed emission in pure and doped InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Cavanaugh Paul , Sun Haochen , Jen-La Plante Ilan , Bautista Maria J. , Ippen Christian , Ma Ruiqing , Kelley Anne Myers , Kelley David F. 
Published: December 2021

We have used time-correlated single photon counting to elucidate the radiative dynamics of InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) that differ in the amount and distribution of excess indium. Stoichiometric QDs having an In:P atom ratio very near unity exhibit simple luminescence kinetics. The photoluminescence (PL) rises with the 40 ps instrument response function and exhibits a decay that is close to a single exponential with a time constant that decreases from 32 to 28 ns with increasing shell thickness. QDs having excess indium (In:P ratio of 1.15–1.63) show a significant component of a slower rise time assigned to transient population of indium-based hole traps in the ZnSe shell. They also have a slower PL decay, attributed to an equilibrium between these traps, which are optically dark, and the emissive valence-band state. This results in a radiative lifetime that increases from 32 to 48 ns with increasing shell thickness. Different treatments of the InP cores prior to shell deposition result in different core/shell interfaces as indicated by resonance Raman spectroscopy, as well as differences in the amplitude and timescale of the slow PL rise and the PL decay time. These are interpreted in terms of different radial distributions of the indium-based hole traps, which can be related to differences in the interfacial lattice strain.
Inorganic dielectric materials for energy storage applications: a review
Authors: Anju Balaraman Anina , Dutta Soma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The intricacies in identifying the appropriate material system for energy storage applications have been the biggest struggle of the scientific community. Countless contributions by researchers worldwide have now helped us identify the possible snags and limitations associated with each material/method. This review intends to briefly discuss state of the art in energy storage applications of dielectric materials such as linear dielectrics, ferroelectrics, anti-ferroelectrics, and relaxor ferroelectrics. Based on the recent studies, we find that the eco-friendly lead-free dielectrics, which have been marked as inadequate to compete with lead-based systems, are excellent for energy applications. Moreover, some promising strategies to improve the functional properties of dielectric materials are discussed.
Stereo visual-inertial odometry using structural lines for localizing indoor wheeled robots
Authors: Tang Yanfeng , Wei Chenchen , Cheng Shoulong , Huang Zhi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes optimization-based stereo visual-inertial odometry (VIO) to locate indoor wheeled robots. The multiple Manhattan worlds (MWs) assumption is adopted to model the interior environment. Instead of treating these worlds as isolated ones, we fuse the latest MW with the previous ones if they are in the same direction, reducing the calculated errors on the orientation of the latest MW. Then, the structural lines that encode the orientation information of these worlds are taken as additional landmarks to improve the positioning accuracy and reduce the accumulated drift of the system, especially when the system is in a challenging environment (i.e. scenes with continuous turning and low textures). In addition, the structural lines are parameterized by only two variables, which improves the computational efficiency and simplifies the initialization of lines. Experiments on public benchmark datasets and in real-world environments demonstrate that the proposed VIO system can accurately position the wheeled robot in a complex indoor environment.
Solidification and grain formation in alloys: a 2D application of the grand-potential-based phase-field approach
Authors: Biswas Sudipta , Liu Dehao , Aagesen Larry K , Jiang Wen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Solidification is a significant step in the forming of crystalline structures during various manufacturing and material processing techniques. Solidification characteristics and the microstructures formed during the process dictate the properties and performance of the materials. Hence, understanding how the process conditions relate to various microstructure formations is paramount. In this work, a grand-potential-based multi-phase, multi-component, multi-order-parameter phase-field model is used to demonstrate the solidification of alloys in 2D. This model has several key advantages over other multi-phase models such as it decouples the bulk energy from the interfacial energy, removes the constraints for the phase concentration variable, and prevents spurious third-phase formation at the two phase interfaces. Here, the model is implemented in a finite-element-based phase-field modeling code. The role of various modeling parameters in governing the solidification rate and the shape of the solidified structure is evaluated. It is demonstrated that the process conditions such as temperature gradient, thermal diffusion, cooling rate, etc, influence the solidification characteristics by altering the level of undercooling. Furthermore, the capability of the model to capture directional solidification and polycrystalline structure formation exhibiting various grain shapes is illustrated. In both these cases, the process conditions have been related to the growth rate and associated shape of the dendritic structure. This work serves as a stepping stone towards resolving the larger problem of understanding the process–structure–property–performance correlation in solidified materials.
A novel design of high performance and robust ultra-low power SRAM cell based on memcapacitor
Authors: Abbasi Alireza , Setoudeh Farbod , Tavakoli Mohammad Bagher , Horri Ashkan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present paper proposes a six-FinFET two-memcapacitor (6T2MC) non-volatile static random-access memory (NVSRAM). In this design, the two memcapacitors are used as non-volatile memory elements. The proposed cell is flexible against data loss when turned off and offers significant improvement in read and write operations compared to previous NVSRAMs. The performance of the new NVSRAM design is evaluated in terms of read and write operation at particular nanometric feature sizes. Moreover, the proposed 6T2MC cell is compared with 8T2R, 8T1R, 7T1R, and 7T2R cells. The results show that 6T2MC has a 5.50% lower write delay and 98.35% lower read delay compared to 7T2R and 7T1R cells, respectively. The 6T2MC cell exhibits 38.86% lower power consumption and 23.80% lower leakage power than 7T2R and 7T1R cells. The proposed cell is significantly improved in terms of HSNM, RSNM, and WSNM compared to 8T2R, 8T1R, 7T2R, and 7T1R cells, respectively. Important cell parameters, such as power consumption, data read/write delay, and SNM, are significantly improved. The superior characteristics of FinFET over MOSFET and the combination of this technology with memcapacitors lead to significant improvement in the proposed design.
High-yield synthesis of CsPbBr3 nanoparticles: diphenylphosphine as a reducing agent and its effect in Pb-seeding nucleation and growth
Authors: Castillo-Ruiz Eder A , Garcia-Gutierrez Diana F , Garcia-Gutierrez Domingo I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on the reported nucleation mechanisms for CsPbX3 and II–VI/IV–VI quantum dots, CsPbBr3 nanoparticles with a higher reaction-yield (up to 393% mass-increment) were synthetized by the hot-injection method. The introduction of diphenylphosphine (DPP) as a reducing agent improved nanoparticle nucleation and growth, giving out evidence for Pb-seeding in CsPbBr3 nanoparticles formation. Additionally, a clear influence of the DPP in a CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6 incomplete phase transformation was observed, marked by the appearance of several PbBr2 nanoparticles. This indicated the need for an improved ratio between the stabilizing agents and the precursors, due to the increased number of nucleation sites produced by DPP. The resulting CsPbBr3 nanoparticles showed high quality, as they displayed 70%–90% photoluminescence quantum yield; narrow size distribution with an average nanoparticle size of ∼10 nm; and the characteristic cubic morphology reported in previous works. This increment in CsPbBr3 nanoparticles’ reaction yield will contribute to making them a more attractive option for different optoelectronic applications.
Interference and diffraction experiment using 3D printing and Arduino
Authors: Paixão P A , Remonatto V M C , Calheiro L B , Dos Reis D D , Goncalves A M B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Here, we present a 3D printed experimental apparatus that students can use to acquire interference and diffraction quantitative data from light passing through a single or double-slit experiment. We built a linear screw stage with a multiturn potentiometer connected to its leadscrew as a position sensor. Using an Arduino, we collected light intensity data (from a photodiode mounted in the linear stage) as a function of position. The apparatus is a low-cost and compact alternative with data acquisition to optics physics laboratories.
Development of laboratory devices for real-time measurement of object 3D position using stereo cameras
Authors: Ristanto Sigit , Nugroho Waskito , Sulistya Eko , Suparta Gede B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Measuring the 3D position at any time of a given object in real-time automatically and well documented to understand a physical phenomenon is essential. Exploring a stereo camera in developing 3D images is very intriguing since a 3D image perception generated by a stereo image may be reprojected back to generate a 3D object position at a specific time. This research aimed to develop a device and measure the 3D object position in real-time using a stereo camera. The device was constructed from a stereo camera, tripod, and a mini-PC. Calibration was carried out for position measurement in X, Y, and Z directions based on the disparity in the two images. Then, a simple 3D position measurement was carried out based on the calibration results. Also, whether the measurement was in real-time was justified. By applying template matching and triangulation algorithms on those two images, the object position in the 3D coordinate was calculated and recorded automatically. The disparity resolution characteristic of the stereo camera was obtained varied from 132 pixels to 58 pixels for an object distance to the camera from 30 cm to 70 cm. This setup could measure the 3D object position in real-time with an average delay time of less than 50 ms, using a notebook and a mini-PC. The 3D position measurement can be performed in real-time along with automatic documentation. Upon the stereo camera specifications used in this experiment, the maximum accuracy of the measurement in X, Y, and Z directions are ΔX = 0.6 cm, ΔY = 0.2 cm, and ΔZ = 0.8 cm at the measurement range of 30 cm–60 cm. This research is expected to provide new insights in the development of laboratory tools for learning physics, especially mechanics in schools and colleges.
Challenge on conservation of angular momentum
Authors: Espinosa J A , Ribas F , Lusquiños F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to fix some important concepts of Fundamental Physics, either because they are not usually discussed in depth in theoretical classes and much less at laboratories, or because they are not sufficiently developed in textbooks, it is more effective not to tackle them directly, but to propose a mental or practical experiment to attract the student’s attention by questioning their beliefs about it (erroneous preconceptions). We propose a new example about the conservation of angular momentum of a system of material points in this way previously explained.
How to make a multi-billion dollar thermometer
Authors: Baird William H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The United States’ Global Positioning System (GPS), and similar geolocation systems such as Galileo, GLONASS, and Beidou are used by people all over the globe. Modern receivers of these global navigation satellite systems can track multiple satellites from different constellations. Casual, non-technical users are probably aware that the positional information provided is typically accurate to within a few meters. We could expect physics students to infer that, because these systems rely on the travel time of radio signals, this implies time measurement accuracy on the scale of tens of nanoseconds. This feature has led to GPS-enabled Internet time servers providing stratum 1 accuracy for under $1000. In this paper, we will show that we can couple a GPS unit to a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to determine the temperature in a room. The more serious application of this GPS-FPGA pairing is to provide precise time-stamping of events, thereby synchronizing data collection between stations across a room or across the globe.
Theoretical aspects on the use of single-time-point dosimetry for radionuclide therapy
Authors: Gustafsson Johan , Taprogge Jan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective. This study considers the error distributions for time-integrated activity (TIA) of single-time-point (STP) methods for patient-specific dosimetry in radionuclide therapy. Approach. The general case with the same pharmaceutical labelled with different radionuclides for imaging and therapy are considered for a mono-exponential time-activity curve. Two methods for STP dosimetry, both based on the combination of one activity estimate with the population-mean effective decay constant, are investigated. The cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) and the probability density functions for the two methods are analytically derived for arbitrary distributions of the biological decay constant. The CDFs are used for determining 95% coverage intervals of the relative errors for different combinations of imaging time points, physical decay constants, and relative standard deviations of the biological decay constant. Two examples, in the form of kidney dosimetry in [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy and tumour dosimetry for Na[131I]I therapy for thyroid cancer with dosimetry based on imaging of Na[124I]I, are also studied in more detail with analysis of the sensitivity with respect to errors in the mean biological decay constant and to higher moments of the distribution. Main results. The distributions of the relative errors are negatively skewed, potentially leading to the situation that some TIA estimates are highly underestimated even if the majority of estimates are close to the true value. Significance. The main limitation of the studied STP dosimetry methods is the risk of large underestimations of the TIA.
Magnetic state switching in FeGa microstructures
Authors: Guevara De Jesus Michael , Xiao Zhuyun , Goiriena-Goikoetxea Maite , Chopdekar Rajesh V , Panduranga Mohanchandra K , Shirazi Paymon , Acosta Adrian , Chang Jane P , Bokor Jeffrey , Carman Gregory P , Candler Rob N , Lynch Christopher 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work demonstrates that magnetoelectric composite heterostructures can be designed at the length scale of 10µms that can be switched from a magnetized state to a vortex state, effectively switching the magnetization off, using electric field induced strain. This was accomplished using thin film magnetoelectric heterostructures of Fe81.4Ga18.6on a single crystal (011) [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.68-[PbTiO3]0.32(PMN-32PT) ferroelectric substrate. The heterostructures were tripped from a multi-domain magnetized state to a flux closure vortex state using voltage induced strain in a piezoelectric substrate. FeGa heterostructures were deposited on a Si-substrate for superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry characterization of the magnetic properties. The magnetoelectric coupling of a FeGa continuous film on PMN-32PT was characterized using a magneto optical Kerr effect magnetometer with bi-axial strain gauges, and magnetic multi-domain heterostructures were imaged using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism—photoemission electron microscopy during the transition to the vortex state. The domain structures were modelled using MuMax3, a micromagnetics code, and compared with observations. The results provide considerable insight into designing magnetoelectric heterostructures that can be switched from an ‘on’ state to an ‘off’ state using electric field induced strain.
Bath-induced decoherence in finite-size Majorana wires at non-zero temperature
Authors: Breckwoldt Niels , Posske Thore , Thorwart Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Braiding Majorana zero-modes around each other is a promising route toward topological quantum computing. Yet, two competing maxims emerge when implementing Majorana braiding in real systems: on the one hand, perfect braiding should be conducted adiabatically slowly to avoid non-topological errors. On the other hand, braiding must be conducted fast such that decoherence effects introduced by the environment are negligible, which are generally unavoidable in finite-size systems. This competition results in an intermediate time scale for Majorana braiding that is optimal, but generally not error-free. Here, we calculate this intermediate time scale for a T-junction of short one-dimensional topological superconductors coupled to a bosonic bath that generates fluctuations in the local electric potential, which stem from, e.g. environmental photons or phonons of the substrate. We thereby obtain boundaries for the speed of Majorana braiding with a predetermined gate fidelity. Our results emphasize the general susceptibility of Majorana-based information storage in finite-size systems and can serve as a guide for determining the optimal braiding times in future experiments.
Ab-initio study of mechanical and thermoelectric properties of topological semimetal: LaAuPb
Authors: Goyal Megha , Sinha M. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Heusler compounds are a tuneable class of material with a cubic crystal structure that can serve as a platform to study the topological phase of a material. These materials have numerous technological and scientific applications. So, in the present work, the mechanical, thermodynamical, and thermoelectric properties of LaAuPb in the topological phase have been reported by using density functional theory and Boltzmann transport theory. LaAuPb is mechanically stable, and the Poisson ratio reveals its ductile nature. The specific heat of the proposed compound at room temperature is 73.94 J K−1 mol−1 at constant volume. Debye’s temperature is estimated to be 188.64 K. Moreover, the lattice thermal conductivity of the compound is 14.64 W mK−1 and 3.66 W mK−1 at 300 K and 1200 K, respectively. The good thermoelectric response of LaAuPb can be confirmed by its high value of the figure of merit (0.46) at 1200 K. Hence, it is a potential material for thermoelectric applications. This work will help future researchers to better understand the stability, nature, and behavior of LaAuPb in material fabrication.