bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The connection of the clinical learning environment and supervision of nursing students with student satisfaction and future intention to work in clinical placement hospitals
Authors: Rodríguez‐García Mª Carmen , Gutiérrez‐Puertas Lorena , Granados‐Gámez Genoveva , Aguilera‐Manrique Gabriel , Márquez‐Hernández Verónica V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo analyse nursing students’ perceptions of the clinical learning environment and supervision and the connection between their satisfaction and intention of staying in their placement hospitals.BackgroundGlobal nursing shortage necessitates strategies for the recruitment and retention of nurses. It is believed that nursing students’ clinical placement experiences can affect their learning outcomes, as well as influence their choice of future workplace.DesignCross‐sectional, correlational study.MethodsOne hundred and eighty nursing students participated in the study. The data were collected in person using The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale tool. Students’ satisfaction with the clinical learning environment and learning process was measured using a 4‐point Likert scale developed by the researchers. The STROBE checklist was used in this paper.ResultsNursing students perceived a favourable clinical learning environment and supervision in the hospitals where they undertook clinical placements, recording high levels of satisfaction and high levels of intention to stay and work there. The clinical learning environment and supervision established positive correlations with student satisfaction.ConclusionsThis study promotes the development of knowledge and understanding of how student satisfaction and intention to stay and work in their placement hospitals relates to the quality of the clinical learning environment and supervision, which could be helpful to the management of healthcare facilities and faculties in improving nursing education and retention/recruitment strategies.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing students represent the future of the nursing workforce, so managers of healthcare facilities and faculties should move towards promoting a clinical learning and supervisory environment where supervisors, tutors and staff are aware of their commitment to student education and promote optimal learning and positive experiences in order for students to feel satisfied and motivated to work in their placement hospitals.
General self‐efficacy and social support as mediators of the association between perceived stress and quality of life among rural women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Long Qing , Guo Jia , Zhong Qinyi , Jiang Shan , Wiley James , Chen Jyu‐Lin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo explore the association between perceived stress and quality of life (QoL) and the mediating role of general self‐efficacy and social support in this association.Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases suffered by pregnant women. Women with previous GDM may experience more medical‐related stress and have a lower QoL than those without it.A multisite correlational study.Four hundred sixty‐five women with previous GDM living in rural areas in China participated in this study from November 2017 to June 2019. The participants completed a set of self‐reported socio‐demographic questionnaires, the Perceived Stress Scale, the General Self‐Efficacy Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale and the World Health Organization QoL assessment (Brief version). STROBE checklist was used as the guideline for this study.The mean QoL score was 13.97 (SD 2.07) for physical health, 13.75 (SD 1.98) for psychological health, 14.96 (SD 1.99) for social relations and 12.49 (SD 1.74) for environmental conditions. About 43.9% of women with previous GDM reported increased stress, which was negatively correlated with each of these QoL domains. Yet, the negative effect of perceived stress on QoL could be completely or partly mediated by better social support or general self‐efficacy among this population.Nearly half of the women in the study living in rural China reported increased stress after delivery, and there is room to improve QoL in the environmental domain among women with previous GDM. Increasing general self‐efficacy or social support can help these women avoid the negative effects of perceived stress on their QoL.These findings suggest that healthcare providers need to be cognizant of the importance of self‐efficacy and social support for women with previous GDM in both enhancing QoL and reducing the negative impact of perceived stress on QoL.
Association of work environment and resilience with transition shock in newly licensed nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kim Soon Ok , Kim Ji‐Soo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine transition shock in newly licensed nurses and the association of work environment and resilience with nurses' transition shock.BackgroundAlthough work environment is related to transition shock in newly licensed nurses, little is known about the factors of nursing work environment associated with transition shock. Furthermore, resilience is known to help nurses positively face workplace challenges; however, there is little evidence on the associations between resilience and transition shock in new nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive study.MethodsData from 163 new nurses with <12 months of work experience in the current hospital since graduation were analysed. Participants' characteristics, work environment, nurse resilience and transition shock were self‐reported. Multivariable linear regressions were performed in three steps (following the STROBE checklist).ResultsThe highest mean score of transition shock was obtained for the item ‘I perceive the limitations of my professional knowledge in nursing care'. In the regression analysis adjusted for all variables, two factors of work environment—‘nurse staffing and resource adequacy’ and ‘collegial nurse‐physician relationships’—were associated with transition shock. Meanwhile, resilience was not related to transition shock.ConclusionsThe gap between newly licensed nurses' theoretical and practical knowledge continues to exist. Adequate nurse staffing and a positive relationship with physicians, rather than nurse resilience, were more likely to associate with new nurses' transition shock.Relevance to clinical practiceHospitals need to provide ward‐based simulations and case‐based learning methods to enhance nurses' transition to professional practice. For nurses' transition, hospitals should make efforts to provide adequate nurse staffing and resources. Furthermore, hospitals should provide communication opportunities to build a positive collaborative culture between nurses and physicians. Unit nurse managers need to assess newly licensed nurses' perception of nurse–physician professional relationship and create an atmosphere of respect and understanding for each other.
Assessment of nurses’ respect for patient privacy by patients and nurses: A comparative study
Authors: Öztürk Havva , Torun Kılıç Çiğdem , Kahriman İlknur , Meral Buket , Çolak Bahar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine whether nurses respect or violate patient privacy by comparing nurses’ and patients’ opinions.BackgroundAlthough nurses want to respect patient privacy, they can sometimes violate patient privacy or not pay enough attention.MethodThis comparative and cross‐sectional study was conducted with 357 patients and 305 nurses in 12 public hospitals in Trabzon, Turkey. Data were collected with an information form and the Patient Privacy Scale. Reporting is consistent with the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsThe total mean score of the patient privacy scale was 4.6 ± 0.39 for nurses and 4.5 ± 0.41 for patients, and no significant difference was found between their scores (U = 52999.0; p = .554). Further, the nurses (U = 14358.0; p = .000) and the patients (U = 13272.5; p = .006) in the public hospitals had statistically significantly higher overall privacy scores than those in the training and research hospitals. The overall privacy scale scores were higher and more statistically significant in the patients hospitalised in surgical clinics than those hospitalised in clinics for internal diseases (U = 8514.0; p = .005) and in single compared to married patients (U = 12364.5; p = .034).ConclusionNurses respected patient privacy highly according to both nurses and patients, and there was no significant difference between their views. However, nurses working in training and research hospitals and internal diseases clinics need to improve their approaches to patient privacy.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study could be used to reduce patient privacy vulnerabilities in complex hospitals and clinics such as training and research hospitals and to improve institutional policies and activities regarding patient privacy. By comparing the results of patients and nurses, the study provided more consistent and accurate data about patient privacy.
Modifiable predictors to maternal visceral adipose tissue during pregnancy: A clinical, demographic, and nutritional study
Authors: Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi , da Silva Rocha Alexandre , de Matos Salete , Kretzer Daniela Cortés , Schöffel Alice Carvalhal , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , de Azevedo Magalhães José Antônio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimHigher amounts of maternal visceral adipose tissue were related to abnormal outcomes in pregnancy. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of modifiable and nonmodifiable predictors related to abnormal amounts of maternal visceral fat during three trimesters of pregnancy.MethodsVisceral fat thickness was evaluated by ultrasound during three trimesters centered in the maternal epigastrium (preperitoneal m‐VAT) and additionally fat thickness evaluation centered at maternal periumbilical region (periumbilical m‐VAT) among cases with gestational age below 20 weeks. The fourth quartile was considered abnormal m‐VAT and the first three quartiles as normal m‐VAT. Nonmodifiable characteristics included maternal age, past term pregnancies, and ethnicity. Modifiable characteristics included pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), weight gain, usual macronutrients, and sugar consumption during pregnancy.ResultsPreperitoneal m‐VAT was assessed in 270 pregnant women and m‐VAT periumbilical assessment in 154. The fourth quartile measurement was 15 mm and 53 mm, respectively. Nonmodifiable predictors including maternal age and past term pregnancies significantly impacted the primary study outcome of abnormal periumbilical m‐VAT. Having a non‐Caucasian ethnicity had a significant impact on the amount of normal preperitoneal m‐VAT. Among the modifiable characteristics, both pre‐pregnancy BMI and pre‐pregnancy obesity impacted the amount of abnormal preperitoneal and periumbilical m‐VAT.ConclusionAbnormal amounts of maternal visceral fat during pregnancy are related to nonmodifiable predictors and those present before pregnancy. No impact was found among weight gain during pregnancy or macronutrients and sugar consumption at pregnancy.
Classed Pathways to Marriage: Hometown Ties, College Networks, and Life after Graduation
Authors: Armstrong Elizabeth A. , Hamilton Laura T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis article identifies mechanisms through which social class background shapes the marital outcomes of college‐going white American women.BackgroundScholars are interested in the relative influences of ascriptive and achieved characteristics on mate selection. Research indicates that social class background continues to influence the marriage patterns of college‐educated Americans but does not identify the mechanisms through which this occurs.MethodThe study analyzes six waves of longitudinal interviews with 45 women from differing social class backgrounds. The first interview was conducted at age 18, when women started college at a Midwestern public university. The final interview was collected at age 30 and was supplemented by a survey collecting the income, education, occupation, and debt of women and their spouses.ResultsWomen from privileged backgrounds were more likely to marry and married men who earned substantially more than the partners of less privileged women. Differences resulted from lifelong variation in social networks, originating in childhood. College did not interrupt long‐standing exclusionary class networks. After graduation, social class background shaped where women moved, as well as with whom they worked and socialized.ConclusionHigher education in the contemporary United States may reinforce rather than interrupt class homogamy in marriage, even when students attend the same schools. The role of higher education in shaping classed social networks is in need of further study.
Evaluation of 1‐Piece Versus 3‐Piece Framework Designs for the Edentulous Mandible with Fixed Implant‐Supported Prostheses: A Clinical, Occlusal and Biomechanical Study
Authors: Yu Wenqian , Chen Siyi , Li Xiaoqian , Ma Xiaoni , Xu Xin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to evaluate the clinical, occlusal and biomechanical performance of 1‐piece and 3‐piece designs for implant‐supported fixed dentures in the edentulous mandible.Materials and MethodsA total of 65 patients with edentulous mandibles who underwent fixed implant‐supported restorations were recruited and subsequently assigned to 1 of 2 groups based on the framework design (1‐piece or 3‐piece). The participants underwent clinical and occlusal examination using a periodontal probe, T‐Scan III system, and electromyography 12 months after prosthesis delivery. Two mandibular finite element models were created to evaluate stress values and their distribution during function.ResultsNinety‐five point four percent (n = 62) of participants in the follow‐up period underwent clinical and occlusal examination after prosthesis delivery. Clinical examination revealed a trend towards increased inflammation around the implants in the 1‐piece prostheses. Occlusal parameters indicated that the 1‐piece design was superior for the masticatory system than the 3‐piece design. Biomechanical analysis revealed the highest stress values in the posterior region of the 3‐piece design.ConclusionsOn the basis of ease of ensuring oral hygiene, when compared to the 3‐piece design, the 1‐piece framework design might be the superior therapy for restoring an edentulous mandible, based on occlusal and biomechanical outcomes.
Demographic & clinical correlates of admission into a specialized psychiatric inpatient service for children and adolescents in Egypt: An observational retrospective study
Authors: Seleem Mohammad A. , Amer Reham A. 
Published: January 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject

Admitting children and adolescents in psychiatric inpatient units is a relatively new and still debatable practice in Egyptian society and in the entire Arab world.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

Egyptian young people diagnosed with complex behavioural problems, such as in other parts of the world, desperately need and do get benefit from inpatient psychiatric service. The demographic and clinical characteristics of children in need for such service are not clearly different from those reported in other parts of the world.

What are the implications for practice

More should be done to spread awareness, remove obstacles, and develop more specialized inpatient units, with trained child psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses to provide best care for children and adolescents diagnosed with severe emotional and behavioural problems in Egypt, the Arab world and other developing countries in the world.

AbstractBackgroundTo our knowledge, this is the first study that aims to investigate the demographic and clinical correlates of admission into a specialized inpatient psychiatric unit for children and adolescents in Egypt and the Arab world.MethodsThe files of all service users who presented for care in the outpatient service for children and adolescents in Tanta University between July 2017 and December 2019 were reviewed. Of the 1,195 files reviewed, 100 patients were admitted to the inpatient unit for 133 admission episodes with an average duration of 18.5 days per episode.ResultsThe most common diagnosis among admitted children and adolescents was disruptive behaviour disorder. Having a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, eating disorder, or trauma‐related disorders powerfully predicted admission. Both physical and sexual abuse also predicted admission, readmission and longer duration of admission.ConclusionsThe need for admission into specialized psychiatric inpatient units for children and adolescents is comparable to that in other parts of the world. There is an urgent necessity to develop such therapeutic units across the entire Arab world with subsequent need to establish suitable training programs for mental health workers to deal with children and adolescents diagnosed with severe psychiatric disorders in inpatient setting.
Spatial population genomics of a recent mosquito invasion
Authors: Schmidt Thomas L. , Swan Tom , Chung Jessica , Karl Stephan , Demok Samuel , Yang Qiong , Field Matt A , Muzari Mutizwa Odwell , Ehlers Gerhard , Brugh Mathew , Bellwood Rodney , Horne Peter , Burkot Thomas R. , Ritchie Scott , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPopulation genomic approaches can characterize dispersal across a single generation through to many generations in the past, bridging the gap between individual movement and intergenerational gene flow. These approaches are particularly useful when investigating dispersal in recently altered systems, where they provide a way of inferring long‐distance dispersal between newly established populations and their interactions with existing populations. Human‐mediated biological invasions represent such altered systems which can be investigated with appropriate study designs and analyses. Here we apply temporally restricted sampling and a range of population genomic approaches to investigate dispersal in a 2004 invasion of Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito) in the Torres Strait Islands (TSI) of Australia. We sampled mosquitoes from 13 TSI villages simultaneously and genotyped 373 mosquitoes at genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): 331 from the TSI, 36 from Papua New Guinea (PNG) and four incursive mosquitoes detected in uninvaded regions. Within villages, spatial genetic structure varied substantially but overall displayed isolation by distance and a neighbourhood size of 232–577. Close kin dyads revealed recent movement between islands 31–203 km apart, and deep learning inferences showed incursive Ae. albopictus had travelled to uninvaded regions from both adjacent and nonadjacent islands. Private alleles and a co‐ancestry matrix indicated direct gene flow from PNG into nearby islands. Outlier analyses also detected four linked alleles introgressed from PNG, with the alleles surrounding 12 resistance‐associated cytochrome P450 genes. By treating dispersal as both an intergenerational process and a set of discrete events, we describe a highly interconnected invasive system.
Azole resistance in Aspergillus isolates by different types of patients and correlation with environment ‐ An Italian prospective multicentre study (ARiA study)
Authors: Prigitano Anna , Esposto Maria C. , Grancini Anna , Biffi Arianna , Innocenti Patrizia , Cavanna Caterina , Lallitto Fabiola , Mollaschi Eva Maria Giada , Bandettini Roberto , Oltolini Chiara , Passera Marco , De Lorenzis Gabriella , Sargolzaei Maryam , Crespan Manna , Cogliati Massimo , Tortorano Anna Maria , Romanò Luisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundA wide range of frequency of azole‐resistance in A fumigatus in different patient populations worldwide was observed threatening to reduce therapeutic options.ObjectivesEstimate the prevalence of azole‐resistance, investigate the molecular mechanisms of resistance, compare the genotypes of resistant clinical isolates with those from the surrounding environment.MethodsAspergillus isolates were collected by seven Italian hospital microbiology laboratories. Strains were isolated from different clinical samples from unselected patients. The azole‐resistance was evaluated using screening test and microdilution EUCAST method. The molecular mechanism of resistance was performed sequencing the cyp51A gene. Resistant isolates were genotyped by microsatellite analysis and their profiles compared with those of azole‐resistant isolates from previous Italian studies.Results425 Aspergillus isolates from 367 patients were analysed. The azole‐resistance rates were 4.9% and 6.6% considering all Aspergillus spp. isolates and the A fumigatus sensu stricto, respectively. All resistant isolates except one were from a single hospital. Two rare azole‐resistant species were identified: A thermomutatus and A lentulus. The predominant resistance mechanism was TR34/L98H. No correlation between the clinical resistant strains and environmental isolates from patients’ home/work/ward was observed. The analysis of the molecular correlation between the resistant clinical strains collected in the present study and those of environmental and clinical origin collected in previous Italian studies reveals a progressive diversification of azole‐resistant genotypes starting from a founder azole‐resistant genotype.ConclusionsThis study confirms the trend of azole‐resistance rate in Italy, showing a geographical difference. Data reinforce the importance of surveillance programmes to monitor the local epidemiological situation.
National identity and populism: The relationship between conceptions of nationhood and populist attitudes
Authors: Filsinger Maximilian , Wamsler Steffen , Erhardt Julian , Freitag Markus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConventional wisdom argues that national identity and populism go hand in hand. We disentangle this relationship by examining how populist attitudes relate to two distinct conceptions of nationhood: civic and ethnic national identity. We argue that a civic conception of nationhood is negatively related to populism, while an ethnic conception of nationhood is positively related. Additionally, we expect these relationships to be moderated by socio‐economic status. Using data from the German Longitudinal Election Study from 2017, our analyses show that, on average, both civic and ethnic conceptions of nationhood relate positively to populist attitudes. This finding, however, changes substantially once we account for socio‐economic status: For respondents with higher levels of education and/or a more positive evaluation of the state of the economy, the relationship between civic national identity and populism turns negative, which is more in line with our expectations. We find no moderation for an ethnic national identity.
Prisoners' perceptions of the healthcare service: A qualitative study
Authors: Rungreangkulkij Somporn , Silarat Maliwan , Kotnara Ingkata 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt is recognized that the health of those in prison is poorer than the general population. The objective of this research is to understand the perceptions of the prisoners of the health care that they received at a district level prison in Thailand. We conducted a qualitative study, using in‐depth interviews. Content analysis was used for data analysis. The participants were 13 prisoners. The findings reveal the prisoners have positive attitudes toward health services. They think that they are receiving the same standard of care as the general population. However, they are concerned about getting a communicable disease and accessibility to emergency care. There is limited dental care. The female prisoners have more trouble accessing health care than male prisoners. Suggestions for solving the inequality of care for prisoners includes increasing the collaboration with the community hospitals, using telehealth, adding female health providers, and developing inmate health volunteers among the prisoners.