bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature on the residual shear strength of fine grained soil
Authors: Witowski Marcin , Bogusz Witold 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The impact of low-range temperature variation on the residual shear strength parameters has been investigated. For this purpose, a standard ring shear apparatus has been subjected to low-cost modifications and equipped with thermoelectric temperature control system constructed in-house. This allowed to conduct a series of tests for clay samples at temperatures of 5°C and 20°C, which is a typical range of variation for thermo-active structures during heat extraction. In order to distinguish the impact of temperature from the natural variability of the soil samples, additional temperature changes during shearing were performed, after residual strength had been reached. The obtained results revealed an observable impact of the temperature change on the residual shear strength of tested clay; however, the variance has been close to the resolution of the measurement sensor and within the range comparable to the natural variability of fine-grained soils. Therefore, low-range temperature changes can be considered as negligible in regard to the residual shear strength parameters.
Multi-directional plasmonic splitter and polarization analyzer based on the catenary metasurface
Authors: Chen Panpan , Chen Cong , Xi Jianxin , Du Xiang , Liang Li , Mi Jiajia , Shi Jianping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Owing to the unique properties of strongly confined and enhanced electric fields, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) provide a new platform for the realization of ultracompact plasmonic circuits. However, there are challenges in coupling light into SPPs efficiently and subsequently routing SPPs. Here, we propose a multi-directional SPPs splitter and polarization analyzer based on the catenary metasurface. Based on the abundant electromagnetic modes and geometric phase modulation principle of catenary structure, the device has realized high efficiency beam splitting for four different polarization states ( x -polarization, y -polarization, LCP and RCP). The central wavelength of the device is 632 nm and the operation bandwidth can reach 70 nm (585-655 nm). Based on the phenomenon of SPPs beam splitting, we present a prototype of a polarization analyzer, which can detect the polarization state of incident light by adding photodetector with light intensity logic threshold in four directions. Moreover, by combining this device with dynamic polarization modulation techniques, it is possible to be served as a router or switch in integrated photonic circuits.
The Value of CT Radiomics Analysis of Cavity Characteristics In Differentiating Nontuberculous Mycobacteriumpulmonary Disease From Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Yan Qinghu , Cui Jia , Zhao Wenlong , Zuo Liping , Wang Dongdong , Wang Wuzhang , Cai Xiangfei , Yu Dexin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The CT features and clinical manifestations of the NTM pulmonary disease are similar to those of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), so it is very difficult to identify these two diseases simply via CT or clinical features.Methods: From February 2013 to March 2018, 73 patients of NTM pulmonary diseases and 69 patients of PTB with the cavity in Shandong Province Chest Hospital and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were retrospctively analyzed. A double-blind assessment and manual delineation of 300 cavities as the region of interesting (ROI) from chest CT images were performed by 2 experienced radiologists. 80% of cavities were allocated to the training set and 20% to the validation set using a random number generated by a computer. 1409 radiomics features extracted from the Huiying Radcloud platform were used to analyze the two kinds of diseases' CT cavity characteristics. Feature selection was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods, and six supervised learning classifiers (KNN, SVM, XGBoost，RF，LR , and DT models) were used to analyze the features, The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate the model's performance.Results: 29 optimal features were selected by the variance threshold method, K best method, and Lasso algorithm.and the ROC curve values are obtained. In the training set, the AUC values of the six models were all greater than 0.97, 95% CI were 0.95-1.00, the sensitivity was greater than 0.92, and the specificity was greater than 0.92. In the validation set, the AUC values of the six models were all greater than 0.84, 95% CI were 0.76-1.00, the sensitivity was greater than 0.79, and the specificity was greater than 0.79.Conclusion: The radiomics features extracted from cavity on CT images can provide effective proof in distinguishing the NTM pulmonary disease from PTB, and the radiomics analysis shows a more accurate diagnosis than the radiologists .
Numerical Modeling of the Interaction of Normal Fault and Shallow Embedded Foundation
Authors: Ashtiani Mehdi , Nowkandeh Mohammadreza Jahanshahi , Kayhani Amirmohammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The consequences to structures caused by permanent fault displacement has been investigated for dip-slip faulting, but not for the effect of the embedment depth on the interaction between a normal fault rupture and shallow embedded foundation. This study investigated the effect of the embedment depth on the interaction of normal fault rupture and shallow foundation using a numerical model validated with centrifuge experiments. It was found that a gapping interaction mechanism and foundation distress occurred at different foundation positions relative to the fault rupture outcrop for an embedded foundation in comparison with a surface foundation. The extent of this area depended on the combined influences of the foundation position, foundation surcharge, embedment depth, and fault dip angle. The sidewalls of the shallow embedded foundation were observed to act as kinematic constraints and had considerable influence on the rotation and displacement of the foundations. With regard to the level of rotation and displacement of the embedded foundation, the lateral earth pressure distribution on the footwall sidewall was similar to that of Rankine active earth pressure in a triangular distribution and on the hangingwall sidewall as a parabolic distribution of passive earth pressure. Foundations laid on loose soil exhibited less rotation than those on dense soil because the fault ruptures were absorbed or bifurcated around both sides of the foundation.
The Role of Monocytes/Macrophages In The Pathogenesis of Immune Associated Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage
Authors: Wei Qing , Chen Xun , Liu Jing , Li Yan , Nong Guangmin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Backgroud The studies in the immnue associated diffuse alveolar hemorrahge (DAH) animal models showed that monocytes/macrophages played an critical role in the pathogenesis.Whether monocytes/macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of immune associated DAH in human is still unknow. The aim of this study was to explore the role of monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of immune associated DAH in human.Methods This study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, 37 children with immune associated DAH were included (DAH group), and 18 healthy children were recruited as the controls (HC group). Peripheral blood monocyte subtype was analyzed using flow cytometry. In the second part, 24 children with immune associated DAH were included (DAH group), and 13 children with acute airway foreingn body or mild benign airway stenosis were included as the controls (HC group). Bronochoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected using bronchoscope. Cytokines in the BALF supernatant were detected using cytometric bread array. BALF supertanant was used to stimulated the macrophages in vitro. The mRNA relative expressions of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, TGM2, CD163 and MRC1 were detected using quantitative real-time PCR, and the expressions of CD14, CD80, CD86, CD163 and CD206 were detected using flow cytometry. Results 1. The percentage of classical monocyte was significantly increased, whereas the percentages of intermediate and non-classical monocyte were significantly decreased in the DAH group, when compared to those in the HC group. 2. The levels of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 were all significantly higher in the BALF supernatant from the DAH group, when compared to those form the HC group. 3. The mRNA relative expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 as well as the expression of CD86 were significantly higher, whereas the mRNA relative expression of MRC1 as well as the expressions of CD163 and CD206 were significantly lower under the stimulation of BALF supernatant from the DAH group, when compared to that from the HC group. Conclusions Monocytes/macrophages might participate in the pathogenesis of immune associated DAH in human by enhanced M1 polarization.
A Case of Rarest Presentation of CNS Tuberculosis as Disseminated Miliary Tuberculoma Brain
Authors: Soni Rahul , Saha Manish , miglani Aman , Debnath Jayita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Disseminated miliary forms of tuberculoma in brain are rarest form of CNS tuberculosis. It is one of the differential diagnoses of ring enhancing multiple brain lesions. We are reporting an interesting case of 28 year old lady with disseminated tuberculosis with miliary brain tuberculomas. Case presentation: 28 yrs lady with no known previous co-morbidities presented with low grade evening rise in temperature and mild to moderate continues global headache for 10 days associted with nausea and recurrent vomiting, and weight loss of 4 kg. Her ESR, blood count, liver and renal function tests were within normal values. HIV was negative by ELISA. Sputum for Acid Fast bacilli was +3 positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. Cerebrospinal Fluid cytological analysis was normal and ADA was 9.1 U/L. Urine microscopic examination was positive for +++ MTB. Chest X ray showed bilateral military opacities. High Resolution CT of Chest was suggestive of miliary distribution of nodules in bilateral lungs. MRI Brain showed discrete ring enhancing lesions scattered in left temporal lobe, and right frontal lobe are located at grey-white matter junctions. In infra- tentorial lesion were at the level of pons, mid brain, inferior cerebellar peduncle and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. Few of the lesions in right precentral gyrus showing associated mild perilesional edema.Conclusion: Clinician should consider miliary tuberculosis brain in tuberculosis endemic region, in a clinical setting where atypical multiple ring enhancing lesions even with non inflammatory CSF but with presence of other markers of tuberculosis is present.
Aging-dependent downregulation of SUV39H1 histone methyltransferase increases susceptibility to stress-induced depressive behavior
Authors: Lee Jung-Eun , Park So-Young , Han Pyung-Lim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aging induces cellular and molecular changes including gene expression alteration in the brain, which might be associated with aging-dependent increase in vulnerability to stress-induced depression. However, the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigate how aging changes the ability to cope with stress and increases sensitivity to stress. Aged mice have decreased expression of SUV39H1 histone methyltransferase and increased expression of Mkp-1 in the hippocampus. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of SUV39H1 increases Mkp-1 expression and suppresses p-CREB and Bdnf expression in HT22 cells and in the hippocampus of mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that the levels of SUV39H1 and methylated histone-H3 bound to the promoter of the Mkp-1 in the hippocampus are reduced in aged mice. Aged mice exhibit depression-like behavior following weak stress that does not induce depressive behavior in young mice. Rosmarinic acid, a phenolic compound that increases SUV39H1 expression, reverses stress-induced changes of SUV39H1, Mkp-1, and Bdnf expression in the hippocampus via an overlapping but distinct mechanism from those of fluoxetine and imipramine and produces anti-depressive effects. These results suggest that aging increases susceptibility to stress via downregulation of SUV39H1 and changes in SUV39H1-regulated signaling pathways in the hippocampus.
Probabilistic Seismic Loss Assessment of RC High-Rise Buildings in Southern Euro-Mediterranean Zone
Authors: Pejovic Jelena Radenko , Serdar Nina Nikola 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper probabilistic seismic loss assessment of RC high rise-buildings for seismic excitation typical for Southern Euro-Mediterranean zone is presented. The loss assessment methodology developed in paper is based on a comprehensive simulation approach which takes into account ground motion (GM) uncertainty, the random effects in seismic demand as well as in predicting the damage states (DSs). The methodology is implemented on three RC high-rise buildings of 20-story, 30-story and 40-story with core wall structural system designed according to Eurocode 8. The loss functions described by a cumulative lognormal probability distribution are obtained for two intensity level for a large set of simulations (non-linear time-history analyses) based on 60 GM records with wide range of magnitudes, distance to source and different site soil conditions. The losses expressed in percent of building replacement cost for RC high-rise buildings are obtained. In the estimation of losses, both structural (S) and non-structural (NS) damage for four DSs are considered. The effect of different GM characteristics (magnitude, distance to source and site soil condition) on the obtained losses are investigated. It is checked if the estimated performance of the RC high-rise buildings fulfill limit state requirements according to Eurocode 8.
Characterization of the R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor CsMYB113 Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Tea Plants (Camellia Sinensis)
Authors: Shui Liuyuan , Yan Meilin , Li Hui , Wang Pu , Zhao Hua , Wang Mingle , Wang Yu , Ni Dejiang , Guo Fei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tea plant(Camellia sinensis) has very long history of cultivation and abundant germplasm resources in China. Purple bud is a characteristic variety, which has attracted the attention of breeding researchers because it accumulated a large number of anthocyanins naturally. In many species, R2R3-MYBtranscription factors (TFs)wereprovedto be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis.Research on anthocyanin metabolism has been relatively clear in some species, but that needs to be further elucidated in tea plants. In this research, anR2R3-MYB transcriptionfactor CsMYB113 relate to the anthocyanin accumulation regulation was identified from tea plants. Spatial and temporal expressionanalysis revealed differential expression of CsMYB113among different tissues and organs, with highest expression occurringin the roots.Subcellular localization assays showed that CsMYB113 localizedin the nucleus.Ectopic expression of CsMYB113increased pigmentation and anthocyanin contentsby the up-regulationof theexpression levelsof genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathwayamongdifferent tissues of Arabidopsis.Moreover, transient overexpressionof 35S::CsMYB113in tea plant increased the anthocyanin contents in the leaves.Our results indicated that CsMYB113 play important role in the anthocyaninbiosynthesis regulation in tea plants. It will also provide useful candidate gene for the modification of anthocyanin metabolism by genetic engineeringin plants.
Weekly Chemotherapy as First Line Treatment in Frail Head and Neck Cancer Patients in the Immunotherapy Era
Authors: Botticelli Andrea , Pomati Giulia , Cirillo Alessio , Mammone Giulia , Ciurluini Fabio , Cerbelli Bruna , Sciattella Paolo , Ralli Massimo , Romeo Umberto , De Felice Francesca , Catalano Carlo , Vullo Francesco , Monaca Marco Della , Tomao Silverio , Valentini Valentino , De Vincentiis Marco , Tombolini Vincenzo , Rocca Carlo Della , Polimeni Antonella , Gioia Cira di , Corsi Alessandro , D’Amati Giulia , Mezi Silvia , Marchetti Paolo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: First-line therapy for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M HNSCC) has been revolutionized by the introduction of anti-checkpoint monoclonal antibodies, that have shown a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) gaining the approval in first line setting. Efficacy and safety of first-line weekly chemotherapy, compared to three-weeks treatment, was retrospectively evaluated in frail patients’ population with R/M HNSCC with the aim to evaluate its role as part of a personalized first-line approach.Methods: A total of 124 patients with locally incurable R/M HNSCC receiving weekly (21) or three-weekly (103) chemotherapy plus cetuximab in first line setting from December 2010 to September 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Treatment outcomes in terms of objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), OS and toxicities were analyzed.Results: Patients in the three-week subgroup were ECOG PS 0 (39) and 1 (64) while patients (21) in weekly group were all PS 2. No significant differences were reported in terms of age, sex, smoking and previous alcohol abuse considering the two distinct subgroups. Moreover, no statistically significant difference was found in PFS and OS between the two treatment subgroups. The response rate was 35 % (36 patients) and 34 % (7 patients) in three-week and weekly treatment group, respectively. Seventy patients (68%) in the three-week group experienced chemotherapy-related toxicities, predominantly G3. In the weekly group a predominantly low-grade toxicity was found in a lower number of patients (52%).Conclusion: The weekly schedule appears an active and safe strategy in frail patients with R/M HNSCC. Based on our data, the weekly schedule could currently be considered in all frail patients and study of combination of weekly chemotherapy and immunotherapy should be performed.
Lipid Bilayer Degradation Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein as Revealed by Neutron Reflectometry
Authors: Luchini Alessandra , Micciulla Samantha , Corucci Giacomo , Batchu Krishna Chaithanya , Santamaria Andreas , Laux Valerie , Darwish Tamim , Russel Robert A. , Thepaut Michel , Bally Isabelle , Fieschi Franck , Fragneto Giovanna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins are responsible for the membrane fusion event, which allows the virus to enter the host cell and cause infection. This process starts with the binding of the spike extramembrane domain to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane receptor highly abundant in the lungs. In this study, the extramembrane domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (sSpike) was injected on model membranes, formed by supported lipid bilayers in presence and absence of the soluble part of receptor ACE2 (sACE2), and the structural features were studied at sub-nanometer level by neutron reflection. In all cases the presence of the protein produced a remarkable degradation of the lipid bilayer. Indeed, both for membranes from synthetic and natural lipids, a significant reduction of the surface coverage was observed. Quartz crystal microbalance measurements show that lipid extraction starts immediately after sSpike protein injection. All measurements indicate that the presence of proteins induces the removal of membrane lipids, both in the presence and in the absence of ACE2, suggesting that sSpike molecules strongly associate with lipids, and strip them away from the bilayer, via a non-specific interaction. A cooperative effect of sACE2 and sSpike on lipid extraction was also observed.
Development and Application of an in Vitro Method to Evaluate Anthracnose Resistance in Soybean Germplasm
Authors: Zhu Longming , Feng Lele , Yu Xiaomin , Fu Xujun , Yang Qinghua , Jin Hangxia , Yuan Fengjie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum is a major fungal disease of soybean, especially vegetable soybean (edamame). Studies of this disease have mainly focused on resistance evaluation, but the primary methods used—in vivo inoculation of pods or plants under greenhouse or field conditions—have limitations with respect to accuracy, stability, scale, and environmental safety. Result: In this study, we developed a method for inoculating pods in vitro that entails soaking in a mycelial suspension. We optimized the crucial components, including the mycelial suspension concentration (40 to 60 mg mL-1), maturity of sampled pods (15 days after flowering), and post-inoculation incubation period (5 days). Application of the mycelial suspension by spraying rather than soaking improved the efficiency of inoculation and made large-scale evaluation possible. Using this method, we evaluated 589 soybean germplasm resources [275 cultivars (C), 233 landraces (L), and 81 wild-type accessions (W)]. This screening resulted 37 highly resistant (25 C, 11 L, and 1 W), 148 resistant (100 C, 43 L, and 5 W), 210 moderately susceptible (116 C, 77 L, and 17 W), 91 susceptible (23 C, 52 L, and 16 W), and 103 highly susceptible (11 C, 50 L, and 42 W) materials. Conclusions: The resistance levels of soybean germplasm resources were effectively distinguished by the method we developed. We thus identified many resistant cultivars but only a few resistant landraces and wild-type germplasm resources. Our results will greatly aid future research on soybean anthracnose resistance, including gene discovery, elucidation of molecular mechanisms, and the breeding of resistant cultivars.
Formation Mechanism and Anatomical Structure of the Knee Roots of Taxodium Ascendens
Authors: Qian Zhuangzhuang , Wu Lin , Tang Luozhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aims: Flooding seriously limits the growth and distribution of plants. Taxodium ascendens is a typical tree species with high flood tolerance, and it can generate knee roots in the wetlands. This study was conducted to understand the formation mechanism of the knee roots.Methods: The number and size of knee roots and soil flooding conditions were investigated in this study. Furthermore, physiology, biochemical responses, and the anatomical structure of knee roots and underground roots were measured at different developmental stages. Results: The results show that the formation of knee roots was significantly affected by the soil water table (P < 0.05). Moreover, knee root formation was affected by ethylene and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations in the roots. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content and ACC synthase activity were significantly lower in the knee roots than in the underground roots. The ethylene release rate was significantly higher in the knee roots than in the underground roots (P < 0.05), and IAA content first increased and then decreased with knee root development. The cells of the periderm at the apex of the knee roots were dead and had a large number of intercellular spaces, which was beneficial for the growth of T. ascendens. Conclusions: Seasonal flooding induced the production of endogenous hormones, resulting in the formation of knee roots, which improved root respiration and ventilation. The results obtained can gain a basis for the formation mechanism of knee roots and provide scientific evidence for the afforestation and management under wetland conditions.