bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The patient‐driven payment model: A missed opportunity for patient‐centered cancer care
Authors: Singh Sarguni , Lum Hillary D. , Kutner Jean , Fischer Stacy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHospitalized older patients with advanced cancer who were discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) for rehabilitation are unlikely to receive future cancer treatment, have high 30‐day readmission rates, and high mortality yet minimal hospice use. The Medicare SNF benefit was designed to be a bridge and provide short‐term nursing and rehabilitation care for patients after a hospitalization. However, advanced cancer patients churn through the health system cycling between the hospital, post‐acute care facilities, and home in the last months of life. This article explores the potential impact of the patient‐driven payment model, a new SNF reimbursement model introduced by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services in 2019, on the experience of older cancer patients. Previously, SNF reimbursement was based on the hours of rehabilitative therapy provided to patients, unintentionally incentivizing SNFs to provide more therapy resulting in long lengths of stay and increased Medicare expenditure. The new patient‐driven payment model bases reimbursement on patient clinical characteristics and resources utilized during their SNF stay. We discuss the impact this payment model might have on cancer patients in the SNF setting and highlight the importance of access to palliative care for this population. We discuss challenges policymakers face in creating palliative care guidelines and developing palliative care delivery models in SNFs. We highlight the policy gaps that remain in creating a system that achieves high‐quality SNF care and conclude by offering suggestions that might better incorporate a patient's illness trajectory, prognosis, and goals of care.
How thoughts of death and intrinsic/extrinsic goal orientation affect well‐being during the pandemic
Authors: Sonmez Fatih 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, reminders of death are so ubiquitous that it is almost impossible to avoid death‐related thoughts. This research examined the effect of COVID‐19‐induced thoughts of death on life evaluation, a core component of well‐being, and investigated the moderating role of goal orientation in this effect. Results from two experiments (N = 384) indicated that participants with a relative orientation toward extrinsic aspirations (wealth, fame, image) decreased their life evaluation, both when under conscious death thoughts (Study 1) and after being distracted from these thoughts (Study 2). By contrast, participants with a relative orientation toward intrinsic aspirations (personal growth, meaningful relationships, community contributions) increased their life evaluation when under conscious death thoughts, while they maintained their baseline life evaluation after being distracted from these thoughts. This research also found evidence for the moderating role of belongingness. However, no evidence was found for the moderating roles of self‐esteem and attachment style.
Demographic characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with Kaposi sarcoma: Ten‐year follow‐up results of a single center
Authors: Güneş Begüm , Mert Ömer , Onsun Nahide 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical features, types of Kaposi sarcoma, and treatment outcomes have not been well‐defined in Turkey. In this study, we reviewed records of the patients who had been diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma in the last decade in a single center and evaluated treatment results.MethodsMedical records of the Kaposi sarcoma patients seen in the last decade in a single tertiary center were evaluated in detail.ResultsA total of 27 patients were identified; 18 patients had been checked for HHV8; and 16 of those patients were positive for HHV8. One patient was positive for HIV. Two patients having mycosis fungoides and myasthenia graves developed iatrogenic KS after immunosuppressive treatments. Interferon α was used in 21 patients; 8 patients achieved complete response; and 11 patients achieved a partial response. No serious side effects were observed. Systemic involvement did not develop in any patients except lymph node involvement in a patient with widespread skin lesions.
Microneedling‐assisted topical tranexamic acid solution versus 4% hydroquinone for treating melasma: A split‐face randomized study
Authors: Zaky Mohamed S. , Obaid Zakaria M. , Khalil Eman A. , Elsaie Mohamed L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelasma, also known as chloasma or mask of pregnancy, is a common, acquired, hyperpigmentary disorder usually affecting females. Tranexamic acid (TA), a derivative of amino acid lysine, has shown promising results over the past few years when used along with other therapies and when used as a stand‐alone therapy.Aim of the Work.In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of topically applied tranexamic acid after microneedling versus topically applied hydroquinone (HQ) 4% alone in patients with melasma.Patients and MethodsFifty selected patients were divided randomly according to the random number allocation method into two groups (25 patients each) of A (topical 4% hydroquinone, nightly application) and B (microneedling + topical 4% TA, every other week).ResultsAfter eight weeks of treatment, the mean modified MASI score of the HQ treated side changed from 6.604 ± 4.02 to 3.032 ± 1.19 with a mean decrease percentage of 54.8% ± 19.4%. This reduction in modified MASI score was found to be statistically significant, (p < 0.001). MASI score of group B (TA +microneedling) changed from 6.348 ± 3.84 to 3.712 ± 1.19 with mean decrease percentage of 57.4% ± 23.4% which was also statistically significant, (p < 0.001).ConclusionWe demonstrated safety and efficacy of both used modalities and with minimal side effects. Topical HQ application achieved minimal non‐significant higher satisfactory results among raters and subjects.
Children’s psychosocial and behavioural consequences during their siblings’ hospitalisation: A qualitative content analysis from caregivers’ perspectives
Authors: Niinomi Kazuteru , Fukui Minae 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to comprehensively describe the psychosocial and behavioural consequences experienced by siblings of hospitalised children from the caregivers’ perspective.BackgroundAfter children are diagnosed with a major illness, their siblings may begin to exhibit psychological and behavioural problems, coupled with decreased quality of life.DesignThis study employed qualitative content analysis to describe the perspectives of 147 caregivers of siblings of hospitalised children, following the COREQ guidelines.MethodsFrom January to March 2015, data were collected from 33 medical institutions in Japan using a survey that utilised an open‐ended question.ResultsFour themes comprising 13 comprehensive categories were extracted: (1) maintaining their usual self, (2) internalising difficulties, (3) externalising difficulties, and (4) personal growth. During data analysis, value judgments were avoided, with the focus instead placed on dividing the perspectives into positive and negative categories.ConclusionsThe neutral data analysis enabled us to describe the psychosocial and behavioural adjustments that siblings make to ‘maintain their usual self’.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study's results can be used to educate healthcare providers, teachers and families about the psychosocial and behavioural effects of hospitalisation on siblings of hospitalised children to ensure that siblings struggling with psychosocial conflicts receive the necessary support.
Demoralization syndrome among cardiac transplant recipients
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Hwa , Tung Heng‐Hsin , Wu Yi‐Chen , Wei Jeng , Tsay Shiow‐Luan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo investigate the characteristics and prevalence of demoralisation syndrome among heart transplantation patients in Taiwan.BackgroundPatients with end‐stage heart failure who have undergone cardiac transplantation are at risk of demoralisation syndrome. Demoralisation syndrome has been studied in cancer populations, but our understanding of the syndrome among heart transplant recipients is limited.Design and MethodsThe study adopted a cross‐sectional design and analysed the baseline data from a longitudinal study with cardiac transplant patients at a heart centre in northern Taiwan. A structured questionnaire, namely the Demoralization Scale‐Mandarin Version (DS‐MV), was used to assess demoralisation syndrome. Hierarchical regression was applied to determine the predictors of demoralisation. Reporting was consistent with the STROBE checklist.ResultsThere were a total of 84 participants with an average age of 51.9 years and a time since heart transplantation of around 4.1 years. Among them, the prevalence of demoralisation syndrome was 35.8%, and 57.1% coped well with stress. In addition, on the DS‐MV, participants tended to choose sentences with positive rather than negative wording. Our data showed that cardiac transplant recipients with stress have higher possibility suffering from demoralisation syndrome; poor renal function and those who cannot relive from stress are predictors for loss of meaning.ConclusionsChinese individuals tend to hide their weaknesses; nevertheless, demoralisation syndrome among cardiac transplant recipients, as related to stress status and kidney function, is still remarkable.Relevance to clinical practiceSince demoralisation is preventable, further research on this phenomenon in the cardiac transplant population is warranted and needs to be developed.
“Kom Khoi San, kry trug jou land”: Disrupting White Settler Colonial Logics of Language, Race, and Land with Afrikaaps
Authors: Alim H. Samy , Williams Quentin E. , Haupt Adam , Jansen Emile 
Published: September 2021

This article offers a broad and deep discussion of critical issues in the study of language, race, and political economy through an analysis of the verbal art, aesthetics, and performances of South African hip hop artists. In particular, we present an in‐depth analysis of the Afrikaaps language movement in Cape Town, South Africa and theorize the language‐race‐land complex , the range of issues with respect to the co‐constitution and refusal of the colonial logics of language, race, and land. Specifically, we address the Afrikaaps language movement in Cape Town, South Africa. Afrikaaps is a South African hiphopera that disrupts white settler colonial logics of language, race, and land through an interrogation and revision of white supremacist constructions of Afrikaans. This reinvention of language, race, and land frees the Afrikaans‐speaking, so‐called Coloured community from oppressive, colonial logics and offers them new ways of envisioning their linguistic, racial, spatial, and political‐economic futures. We argue that, for the artists–activists involved in this decolonial, raciolinguistic movement, Hip Hop becomes a critical vehicle for raising consciousness through language, foregrounding Indigenous knowledge systems, and upending the white supremacist legacies of apartheid through a radical re‐education. Methodologically, we center Black and Indigenous artists’ voices, understanding them to be more than cultural producers but also cultural theorists. We draw upon our longitudinal, ethnographic cultural engagement with the Hip Hop artists involved in the theatre production and related forms of language activism (Alim & Haupt 2015, 2017; Haupt 2012; Haupt et al. 2019; Jansen 2019; Jansen et al. 2019; Stroud & Williams 2017; Williams 2018), as well as language and media analyses of the Afrikaaps production, soundtrack, and documentary film (Valley 2010).
Dis/possession Afoot: American (Anthropological) Traditions of Anti‐Blackness and Coloniality
Authors: Davis Jenny L. , Smalls Krystal A. 
Published: September 2021

In this essay, we call on linguistic anthropology to combat specific modes of White Supremacy (anti‐Blackness, anti‐Indigeneity, and anti‐Nativeness) by recognizing them as intimately central to the formations and formulations of our (sub)field in the US (and broader) context. We speak to and from particular legacies of dispossession and repossession engendered by two mated and enduring structural processes, settler colonialism (Simpson 2014) and racial slavery (Hartman 2008; Sharpe 2016; Mignolo 2006), which continue to animate the ubiquity of owning via the making of (linguistic) anthropological knowledge (owning through knowing and collecting) and via the knowing, collecting, and wearing of Black and Native people that helps make up everyday life in America (e.g., mascots, blackface, pop cultural caricatures, Halloween costumes, language appropriation, slave souvenirs, dream catchers and on and on (Meek 2006; 2020; Smalls and Davis forthcoming; Smalls forthcoming). Finally, we draw on Black and Native theorists to offer practices of solidarities and abolition (Byrd 2019; Harris 2019; Latty et. al 2016; Leroy 2016; King 2019; Tuck et. al 2014; Morrill et al. 2016).
Bridging the Gap between Sexual Health Education and Clinical Services: Adolescent Perspectives and Recommendations
Authors: Decker Martha J. , Dandekar Shebani , Gutmann‐Gonzalez Abigail , Brindis Claire D. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAdolescents often lack access to accurate and appropriate sexual health information and services. Providing information about local clinical services during sexual health education classes is one strategy to increase awareness, yet many programs miss this opportunity. This study aims to learn about adolescents' experiences with sexual health education and their perceptions of barriers and facilitators to clinical care.METHODSNine focus groups were conducted between April to July 2018 with 69 adolescents who had recently attended a comprehensive sexual health education program in California. Topics included information received about local clinics during class and barriers and facilitators to access care. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed for key themes and compared by sex and geographic location.RESULTSThe majority of participants (89%) were Latino and most reported receiving relevant information about clinical services and had positive impressions of local services. Several mentioned that this information increased the likelihood that they would access services if needed. Common barriers to clinic services included parental disapproval, stigma, embarrassment, and confidentiality concerns. Facilitators included peer and family support, confidentiality of services, awareness and education, and accessibility.CONCLUSIONSSexual health education programs can provide an important bridge to local clinic services and address adolescents' concerns.
Impact of temperature variation on the phytotoxic secondary metabolite production by Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Authors: Aluthmuhandiram Janith V. S. , Chethana K. W. T. , Zhang Wei , Peng Junbo , Zhao Ercheng , Li Xing Hong , N Saichana , Yan Jiye 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBotryosphaeriaceae species are associated with grapevine trunk diseases. Lasiodiplodia theobromae plays a significant role as one of the most virulent grapevine pathogens in the world. In this study, we evaluate the effects of temperature on phytotoxin‐induced virulence in Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The fungal strain is grown in Czapek‐Dox liquid medium at four different temperatures (20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C) for 14 days under dark conditions. The culture filtrates were screened for three selected phytotoxins, indole‐3‐carboxylic acid, jasmonic acid, and lasiodiplodin using UPLC MS/MS techniques. Phytotoxicity of the crude culture filtrates was tested on detached grapevine leaves. With UPLC MS/MS analysis, we identified that indole‐3‐carboxylic acid and jasmonic acid production varied with the increasing temperature, and did not detect any lasiodiplodin. At high temperatures, we observed a significant increase in the phytotoxicity of crude culture filtrates on the detached grapevine leaves. The most severe necrotic leaf lesions were observed when inoculated with crude culture filtrates extracted at 35°C.
Converting technological inventions into new products: The role of CEO human capital
Authors: Nasirov Shukhrat , Li Qian Cher , Kor Yasemin Y. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite technological inventions being a key input to new product development, companies often struggle with commercializing new technologies via the product development route. Drawing on a sample of publicly traded U.S. manufacturing companies that spans the period 1992–2013, our study shows that CEOs play a catalytic role in the technology conversion process, but this role is highly nuanced and depends on the characteristics (generalist vs. specialist) of their human capital. Specifically, generalist CEOs tend to be better at facilitating the conversion process in companies with more diverse and/or higher quality inventions. In contrast, specialist CEOs play a catalytic role in technology conversion when companies have less diverse and/or lower quality inventions. Hence, our paper offers a solution to the technology conversion problem that consists in aligning CEO human capital characteristics with the characteristics of the company’s inventions portfolio.
Inter‐annual precipitation variability alters the effects of soil resource enrichment and mycorrhizal suppression on plant communities in desert steppe
Authors: Yang Xin , Tian Haiyang , Feng Jialin , Zang Jiayi , Ji Bo , Wang Zhanjun , Shen Yue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuestionsIn desert steppes, plant community productivity and species composition are primarily co‐limited by soil water and nitrogen availability. However, how the addition of resources and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) interactively influence plant community performance has not been investigated in detail.LocationDesert steppe, China.MethodsWe performed a field study to examine the effects of levels of increased water, nitrogen and AMF suppression on plant communities in two years with contrasting inter‐annual precipitation variability in desert steppe.ResultsWe found that inter‐annual precipitation variability altered plant community composition and their productivity in response to water and nitrogen addition and mycorrhizal suppression. AM fungal suppression had few effects on above‐ground plant productivity, whereas the primary effects of water and nitrogen addition were significant across both years. The addition of water and nitrogen altered plant community composition and productivity primarily by increasing the abundance and biomass of annual species only in the normal year (2019), but decreasing the abundance of perennial grasses regardless of the presence of AM fungi across two years with contrasting precipitation conditions. Moreover, the addition of water alone slightly increased the species richness and Shannon diversity compared with the control.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of inter‐annual precipitation variability rather than that of soil resource enrichment and interactions of plants and AM fungi in plant community composition within the desert steppe.
Compressing inferior alveolar nerve impacted mandibular third molar: a comparison of three techniques
Authors: Wang Yong , Xu Ying , Chi Zhengbing , Mao Runyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeInjury to the inferior alveolar nerve while conducting extraction of impacted mandibular third molar is highly related to the relative position of the inferior alveolar nerve and the root of third molar. The aim of this study was to compare the incidences of inferior alveolar nerve injury in orthodontic traction, coronectomy and piezosurgery for the removal of impacted mandibular third molar.MethodsAfter examining the panoramic radiography and cone‐beam computed tomography, 66 patients with impacted mandibular third molar compressing the inferior alveolar nerve were enrolled in this study. Orthodontic traction, coronectomy and piezosurgery were carried out in 20 patients, respectively. Signs of postoperative neurosensory impairment were recorded.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar among the three groups (p > 0.05). No sign of neurosensory impairment was observed in patients performed by orthodontic traction or coronectomy. One patient who underwent piezosurgery had postoperative lower lip numbness.ConclusionsNo statistical differences in these three techniques were observed in this study. Orthodontic traction, coronectomy and piezosurgery can reduce the incidence of nerve injury during the removal of impacted mandibular third molar compressing the inferior alveolar nerve.
Mid‐ and Long‐Term Follow‐Up Efficacy Analysis of 3D‐Printed Interbody Fusion Cages for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Jin Yuan‐zhang , Zhao Bin , Lu Xiang‐dong , Zhao Yi‐bo , Zhao Xiao‐feng , Wang Xiao‐nan , Zhou Run‐tian , Qi De‐tai , Wang Wen‐xuan 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and stability of 3D‐printed interbody fusion cages (3D‐printed cages) in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) by investigating the mid‐ and long‐term follow‐up outcomes.MethodsIn this prospective study, the clinical data of 30 patients with CSM admitted to the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2012 to May 2014 were analyzed. The cohort comprised 18 males and 12 females with an average age of 60.22 ± 3.2 years. All patients were examined by X‐ray, CT and MRI before the operation. A total of 30 cases of CSM were treated by ACDF with 3D printed cage implantation. Mid‐ and long‐term follow‐ups were performed after the surgery. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by comparing the JOA score, SF‐36 score, change in neurological function, cervical curvature index (CCI), vertebral intervertebral height (VIH) and fusion rate before the operation, 6 months after the operation, and at the last follow‐up.ResultsTwo of the 30 patients were lost to follow‐up. The remaining patients were followed up for 48–76 (65.23 ± 3.54) months. The patients recovered satisfactorily with a significant clinical effect. The JOA score increased meanfully and the improvement rate was 89.4% at the final follow‐up. The SF‐36 score increased significantly from pre‐ to postoperatively. The height of the intervertebral space at the last follow‐up was not statistically significantly different from that at 6 months after surgery (P > 0.05), showing that the height of the intervertebral space did not change much and the severity of cage subsidence (CS) decreased. The CCI improved from pre‐ to postoperatively. The CCI did not change much from the 6‐month follow‐up to the last follow‐up. and the cage rate (CR) was 100% at the 6‐month and last follow‐ups. No severe complications, such as spinal cord injury, esophageal fistula, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, cervical hematoma or wound infection, occurred in any of the patients.ConclusionThe clinical and radiological results show that the application of 3D‐printed cages in ACDF can significantly relieve symptoms. Moreover, 3D‐printed cages can restore the curvature of the cervical spine, effectively maintain the intervertebral height for a long time, and prevent complications related to postoperative subsidence.