bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of sex and body mass index on the association between soluble neprilysin and risk of heart failure hospitalizations
Authors: Núñez Julio , Núñez Eduardo , Revuelta-López Elena , Miñana Gema , Barallat Jaume , Bodi Vicent , Sanchis Juan , Aimo Alberto , Emdin Michele , Lupón Josep , Husser Oliver , Bayes-Genis Antoni 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA higher neprilysin activity has been suggested in women. In this retrospective analysis, we evaluated the association of sex and body mass index (BMI) with soluble neprilysin (sNEP) and recurrent admissions among 1021 consecutive HF outpatients. The primary and secondary endpoints were the number of HF hospitalizations and all-cause mortality, respectively. The association between sNEP with either endpoint was evaluated across sex and BMI categories (≥ 25 kg/m2 vs. < 25 kg/m2). Bivariate count regression (Poisson) was used, and risk estimates were expressed as incidence rates ratio (IRR). During a median follow-up of 6.65 years (percentile 25%-percentile 75%:2.83–10.25), 702 (68.76%) patients died, and 406 (40%) had at least 1 HF hospitalization. Median values of sNEP and BMI were 0.64 ng/mL (0.39–1.22), and 26.9 kg/m2 (24.3–30.4), respectively. Left ventricle ejection fraction was < 40% in 78.9% of patients, and 28% were women. In multivariable analysis, sNEP (main effect) was positively associated with HF hospitalizations (p = 0.001) but not with mortality (p = 0.241). The predictive value of sNEP for HF hospitalizations varied non-linearly across sex and BMI categories (p-value for interaction = 0.003), with significant and positive effect only on women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (p = 0.039). For instance, compared to men, women with sNEP of 1.22 ng/mL (percentile 75%) showed a significantly increased risk (IRRs: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05–1.53). The interaction analysis for mortality did not support a differential prognostic effect for sNEP (p = 0.072). In conclusion, higher sNEP levels in overweight women better predicted an increased risk of HF hospitalization.
A method for EMCCD multiplication gain measurement with comprehensive correction
Authors: Qiao Li , Wang Mingfu , Jin Zheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the image quality, it is imperative to conduct the non-uniformity correction of EMCCD, for which the measurement accuracy of the internal electron multiplication gain of each channel is a prerequisite within multi-channel output EMCCD. It is known that the smaller the image standard deviation of each channel, the better the image uniformity, and the closer the calculated multiplier gain is to the real value. In order to minimize the influence of non-uniformity of background between pixels and light response existing in traditional measurement, a comprehensively modified EMCCD multiplication gain measurement is proposed after the working principle of EMCCD is described. The output images of the camera working in the normal CCD mode and EMCCD mode are corrected comprehensively through this method. The experimental results show that after the comprehensive correction, the standard deviation of the output image of each channel within the camera decreases to about one third of the original when the camera works in the normal CCD mode, while it decreases to about one fifth of the original when the camera works in the EMCCD mode, the signal stability is significantly improved, and the measured multiplier gain of each channel is closer to the true value of the detector, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Emerging role of free triiodothyronine in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Ji Tuo , Huang Zhi , Lian Yajun , Wang Chengze , Zhang Qiaoman 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the role of free triiodothyronine (FT3) in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. 137 consecutive inpatients (2016–2019) were registered prospectively and followed up for 12 months. 96 eligible patients were included in the study. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) score was collected, and the score of 3–6 was defined as a poor outcome. The patients were equally classified into 3 subgroups based on their FT3 levels obtained within 24 h of admission, and the subgroup differences were analyzed by parametric or nonparametric tests as appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was performed. We found that there was no difference in the mRS scores upon admission among 3 subgroups, however, patients in the low-FT3 subgroup tended to have higher disease severity during hospitalization and worse outcome in follow-up visits, represented by higher chances of intense care unit (ICU) admission (P < 0.001), longer hospital stay (P < 0.001), greater maximum mRS scores during hospitalization (P = 0.011), lower rates of getting clinical improvement within 4 weeks of starting treatment (P = 0.006), and higher percentages of poor 1-year outcome (P = 0.002). The level of FT3 was an independent factor correlated with ICU admission (P = 0.002) and might be a potential predictor for 1-year outcome. Our preliminary results suggest that the FT3 may be a risk factor involved in the evolution and progression of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, whereas the underline mechanisms remain to be explored. Attention should be paid to these patients with relatively low FT3 upon admission, which might possibly aid clinical prediction and guide clinical decision-making.
Electromagnetic situation analysis and judgment based on deep learning
Authors: Feng Yuntian , Li Bing , Zheng Qibin , Wang Dezheng , Xu Xiong , Zhang Rongqing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe electromagnetic situation, which can promote the abilities of understanding and decision‐making for the battlefield, has attracted significant interest recently in information‐based warfare. This paper investigates the deep learning‐based electromagnetic situation analysis and judgment in a complicated battlefield environment. To comprehensively simulate the two‐sided battling process, a turn‐based confrontation strategy is proposed, and an electromagnetic situation analysis and judgment model are then designed based on the AlphaGo Zero algorithm to achieve efficient situation analysis and decision‐making. In addition, an electromagnetic situation‐based attack‐defense platform is developed to realize and evaluate this designed model. Simulation results demonstrate that this designed model achieves significant performance in electromagnetic situation analysis and judgment compared with the Monte Carlo Tree Search based baseline.
Design and DC fault clearance of modified hybrid MMC with low proportion of full‐bridge submodules
Authors: Xu Yuzhe , Zhang Zheren , Xu Zheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) consisting of half bridge submodules (HBSMs) and full bridge submodules (FBSMs) combines the respective advantages of both submodules. In order to further reduce the manufacture cost and power loss, this paper proposed a modified hybrid MMC with lower proportion of FBSMs than the conventional hybrid MMC. First, three main conditions for successful DC fault clearing of the hybrid MMC are analysed, which are: (1) Blocking AC fault current; (2) suppression of DC fault current; (3) capacitor voltage under threshold value. Then the topology and the DC fault clearing strategy of the proposed modified hybrid MMC are introduced. Since the installed AC current blocking switches (ACBSs) block the AC current feed during the fault, the number of FBSMs is only limited by third condition. Furthermore, the maximum capacitor voltage after the DC fault is analysed to obtain the minimum required number of FBSMs. Finally, the DC fault responses of the modified hybrid MMC are compared with the conventional hybrid MMC in a three‐terminal MMC‐HVDC test system in PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed modified hybrid MMC.
Modified Convolutional Neural Networks Architecture for Hyperspectral Image Classification (Extra‐Convolutional Neural Networks)
Authors: HAMOUDA Maissa , BOUHLEL Med Salim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClassification of Hyperspectral Satellite Images (HSI) is a very important technology for object detection and cartography. Several problems can be detected, which make classification difficult (large size of the images, fusion between the classes, small amount of samples, etc.). Recently, several Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN‐HSI) have been proposed for the classification of hyperspectral images. In this article, an improvement to CNN‐HSI is proposed, aiming to reduce the number of erroneous pixels during classification (due to the limited number of samples). Thus, an extra‐convolution technique (ExCNN) is proposed, where we add layers of global convolutions on the classified images, outgoing from classical CNN. The addition of 1 to 10 layers, on three real hyperspectral images, is tested. The results obtained are compared with other similar methods of the state of art, and show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Techno‐economic‐environmental analysis of a smart multi‐energy grid utilising geothermal energy storage for meeting heat demand
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Hamid Reza , Allahham Adib , Adams Charlotte 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study presents an evaluation framework for the techno‐economic‐environmental (TEE) performance of the integrated multi‐vector energy networks (IMVENs) including geothermal energy. Geothermal energy storage (GES) offers huge potential for both energy storage and supply and can play a critical role in decarbonising the heat load of smart multi‐energy grids. The two most common types of GES, that is, high‐temperature GES (HTGES) and low‐temperature GES (LTGES), were modelled and integrated within the framework. This framework evaluates the impact of different low carbon energy sources including HTGES, LTGES, wind and Photovoltaics (PV) on the amount of energy imported from upstream, operational costs and emissions of IMVENs to meet the heat load of a region. The evaluation framework performs TEE performance analysis of any configuration of IMVEN representing future energy system pathways to provide a basis for well‐informed design choices to decarbonise heat. The TEE evaluation framework was tested on a real‐world case study, and several IMVEN configurations were designed and analysed. The results reveal that the most efficient, cost effective and least carbon‐intensive configurations for meeting the heat load of the case study are the configurations benefitting from HTGES, from high penetration of heat pumps and from LTGES, respectively.
Anisotropic thermal conductivity measurement of organic thin film with bidirectional 3ω method
Authors: Yamaguchi Shingi , Shiga Takuma , Ishioka Shun , Saito Tsuguyuki , Kodama Takashi , Shiomi Junichiro 
Published: March 2021

Organic thin film materials with molecular ordering are gaining attention as they exhibit semiconductor characteristics. When using them for electronics, the thermal management becomes important, where heat dissipation is directional owing to the anisotropic thermal conductivity arising from the molecular ordering. However, it is difficult to evaluate the anisotropy by simultaneously measuring in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities of the film on a substrate because the film is typically as thin as tens to hundreds of nanometers and its in-plane thermal conductivity is low. Here, we develop a novel bidirectional 3ω system that measures the anisotropic thermal conductivity of thin films by patterning two metal wires with different widths and preparing the films on top and extracting the in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities using the difference in their sensitivities to the metal-wire width. Using the developed system, the thermal conductivity of spin-coated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with thickness of 70 nm was successfully measured. The measured in-plane thermal conductivity of PEDOT:PSS film was as high as 2.9 W m−1 K−1 presumably due to the high structural ordering, giving an anisotropy of 10. The calculations of measurement sensitivity to the film thickness and thermal conductivities suggest that the device can be applied to much thinner films by utilizing metal wires with a smaller width.
Computationally designed peptide macrocycle inhibitors of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1
Authors: Mulligan Vikram Khipple , Workman Sean , Sun Tianjun , Rettie Stephen , Li Xinting , Worrall Liam J. , Craven Timothy W. , King Dustin T. , Hosseinzadeh Parisa , Watkins Andrew M. , Renfrew P. Douglas , Guffy Sharon , Labonte Jason W. , Moretti Rocco , Bonneau Richard , Strynadka Natalie C. J. , Baker David 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Peptide macrocycles are a promising class of drugs, but their weakness is conformational flexibility: target affinity can be limited by an unfavorable transition from a disordered unbound state to an ordered bound state. We introduce general computational methods for stabilizing peptide macrocycles in binding-competent conformations as part of the process of designing for binding to a target protein. As a proof of principle, we apply our methods to create inhibitors of the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1, an antibiotic resistance factor. Predictions of peptide rigidity correlate with experimental success, allowing designs to be prioritized for synthesis and testing. These methods should contribute to the design of peptide macrocycle inhibitors of diverse targets of therapeutic interest.
Meis homeobox genes control progenitor competence in the retina
Authors: Dupacova Naoko , Antosova Barbora , Paces Jan , Kozmik Zbynek 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThe retina is derived from the neuroepithelium in the vertebrate. During retinal development, three spatially patterned domains are formed, namely the ciliary margin zone, the optic disc, and a region that contains retinal progenitor cells. Little is known about the mechanisms that regulate this patterning and specification. In this study, we show that retinal regionalization is impaired in theMeis1andMeis2compound-null retina in mice. By analyzing transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles, we map and characterize the Meis-dependent gene regulatory network within the embryonic retina. We propose thatMeis1andMeis2function redundantly to promote expression of retinal progenitor cell-specific genes, while simultaneously restricting ciliary margin zone- and optic disc-specific genes.
ATM controls the extent of DNA end resection by eliciting sequential posttranslational modifications of CtIP
Authors: Han Jinhua , Wan Li , Jiang Guixing , Cao Liping , Xia Feiyu , Tian Tian , Zhu Xiaomei , Wu Mingjie , Huen Michael S. Y. , Wang Yi , Liu Ting , Huang Jun 
Published: March 2021

Significance
A timely and appropriate response to genotoxic stress is essential for maintaining genome stability and preventing tumorigenesis. Here, we have established a previously unidentified role of the protein kinase ATM in controlling the extent of DNA end resection during homology-directed repair. Specifically, ATM elicits sequential posttranslational modifications of the key resection factor CtIP and thereby fine-tunes its activity at DSB sites. Our findings highlight the multistep roles of the master kinase ATM in orchestrating DNA damage responses.
High-salt diet suppresses autoimmune demyelination by regulating the blood–brain barrier permeability
Authors: Na Shin-Young , Janakiraman Mathangi , Leliavski Alexei , Krishnamoorthy Gurumoorthy 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Dietary salt intake has been considered an important risk factor for autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we studied the effects of a high-salt diet (HSD) using a spontaneous autoimmune disease mouse model resembling MS. We found that high-salt consumption protects mice from developing the neurological disease by promoting the tightening of the blood–brain barrier and preventing the migration of autoreactive T cells into the CNS. Our results emphasize the multifarious effects of high-salt consumption in autoimmune disease susceptibility.
Self-edition hypothesis
Authors: Afrouz Mahmoud 
Published: March 2021

Abstract‘Self-editing’ refers to the practice of translators who edit their own earlier translations. Self-editions have been less investigated than retranslations. No attempt has been made so far to formulate a hypothesis concerning self-edition. Therefore, the present piece of research was conducted to fill the gap. The corpus of the study includes the modern Persian novellaThe Blind Owlwritten bySadeq Hedayat (1903–1951)and translated (and self-edited) by Iraj Bashiri (in1974, 2013 and 2016). The findings showed that self-edited versions appeared to be more target-oriented than their original translations. Therefore, although they appeared after the original translation, and could somehow be thought of as ‘retranslations’, they do not seem to confirm the Retranslation-Hypothesis (RH). The main principle of the tentative ‘Self-edition Hypothesis’ is contrary to that of the Retranslation-Hypothesis. It was also found that a self-edited translation is more ‘natural’, ‘accurate’, and ‘expanded’, but slightly less clear than its original translation. It should, however, be underscored that the reduction in clarity of self-edited versions was not so significant. Future researchers are encouraged to focus their study on ‘comparing strategies used by translators with those adopted by editors’ and ‘taking into account socio-cultural factors involved in the production of new editions’. Prospective researchers can test the hypothesis by concentrating on various language pairs and other text-types.
Translating punctuation between English and Persian and issues for the replacement of non-lexical items
Authors: Heydarian Seyed Hossein , Hashemi-Minabad Hasan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The consideration of the importance of punctuation marks has widely been ignored in studies of translation. Here
we report on a case study of English-Persian translation, in which we found that the attitude towards punctuation has not only
been due to the different patterns used by different languages but also to the fact that some languages like Persian have never
assimilated punctuation marks into the writing styles.
Therefore, the meanings and functions of punctuation marks are worth investigating to enhance our understanding of
what are termed non-lexical items in this paper. We show how unawareness of such differences could cause problems and
complications in conveying the message.
The main focus of this study is the survey of translation of punctuation into lexical items as a new tendency.
This strategy will be considered as an intersemiotic approach illustrated through a comprehensive series of literary and
non-literary examples.
On the translator’s voice from the paratextual perspective–exemplified by Goldblatt’s English translation of
Red Sorghum and Massage
Authors: Wang Tiansi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper explores the translator’s voice from the paratextual perspective combined with a descriptive case study
of Goldblatt’s English translation of Red Sorghum: A Novel of China and Massage. In the
multidisciplinary and trans-disciplinary integrated analytical framework of narrative stylistics and socio-translation studies,
the author argues that the translator’s voice could be studied at two levels, i.e. narrative voice in the target text as well as
peritext and situational voice in the translation process. Paratexts could be employed to endorse the existence of narrative
voice. Besides, paratexts serve to shed light on the implied multiplicity of situational voice and probe into the pivotal parts
of the translator therein. The article aims to strengthen the bonds between paratexts and the translator’s voice, enrich the
theory on the translator’s voice and further feed vigor into the field of translation studies. Meanwhile, the study deduces
implications for enhancing the international communication of Chinese literature.
Anonymity and authenticity on the web
Authors: Kersten Saskia , Lotze Netaya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBuilding on our own research (Kersten and Lotze 2018,2020;Lotze and Kersten in press,under review) as well as other work in this area (Bechar-Israeli 1995;Stommel 2007;Lindholm 2013;Aleksiejuk 2016a,2016b), this article will discuss the pragmatics of (self-)naming practices online and how they contribute to identity construction and face-work (Bedijs, Held and Maaß 2014;Seargeant and Tagg 2014). Drawing on the data collected, both existing and analysed as part of a wider study of usernames across 14 languages (Schlobinski and Siever 2018a), the use and function of anthroponyms and other names in online contexts are explored. Furthermore, we endeavour to situate both onomastic and sociolinguistic research in the field of digitally-mediated interaction (DMI) and in the field of pragmatics in general.
Options in a task-based language-teaching curriculum
Authors: Ellis Rod 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
I draw on the education literature to describe four educational curriculum models, which serve as a basis for presenting
four TBLT curricula based on the proposals of Prabhu (1987); Willis (1996), Long (1985, 2015a, 2015b) and myself (Ellis, 2003 and 2019) – all of which have figured in the development of TBLT. I propose a set of questions that can be used to
evaluate these models. I then turn to examine the curriculum design process, identifying options in TBLT curricula that are available at
each stage of the process. I point to a tension that exists between what SLA theory indicates is needed and what environmental constraints
make feasible and conclude with a plea for flexibility by weighing up which options are appropriate in different teaching situations. I also
summarize how I see TBLT benefitting from adopting a broad education perspective that includes critical language pedagogy.
Learning vocabulary in spoken input- and output-based tasks
Authors: Duong Phuong Thao , Montero Perez Maribel , Desmet Piet , Peters Elke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This experimental study explores the differential effects of spoken input-based and output-based tasks on vocabulary
knowledge. The study also investigates whether such tasks result in more learning gains than exposure to input-only (no subsequent task).
The study employed a pretest-posttest design with two groups: an experimental group (n = 32) who completed both input- and
output-based tasks in a counterbalanced way and a comparison group (n = 12) who were only exposed to L2 input. Vocabulary
gains were measured at three levels of sensitivity: oral spontaneous use, oral form recall and meaning recall. The findings showed that
participants who were only exposed to L2 input learned significantly fewer words than participants who completed the input-based and
output-based tasks. No difference in learning gains was found between the input-based and output-based tasks.
Cage-diving and Shark Welfare
Authors: Chivell Wilfred 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The survival of the great white shark has been put at serious risk by fishing and extensive poaching and still faces many threats today. Cage-diving, where tourists can safely view the sharks from close-up, has proved an effective method of limiting the environmental damage, by creating revenue and jobs. As Wilfred Chivell says, “the sharks are now worth more alive than dead.”

Information
Adapted from ‘Chapter 8: The Tourism Industry and Shark Welfare’. In: Carr N. and Broom, D. M. (eds) Tourism and Animal Welfare. CAB International, pp. 97-101.
© CAB International 2018