bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifarious Biomarker Approach Elucidate Stocking Density Mediated Stress, Modulates Growth Attributes in Cage Reared Rohu, Labeo Rohita (Hamilton)
Authors: Swain Himanshu Sekhar , Das Basanta Kumar , Upadhyay Aurobinda , Ramteke Mitesh Hiradas , Kumar Vikas , Meena Dharmendra Kumar , Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Chadha Narinder Kumar , Rawat Kiran Dube 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present study was conducted for 240 days to evaluate the effects of stocking density based on growth attributes, digestive enzymes, muscular composition, biochemical and physiological responses of Labeo rohita fingerlings in tropical inland open water cages. L. rohita (30.35±1.08 g) were randomly distributed into three treatments, namely low stocking density, LSD (10 m− 3), medium stocking density, MSD (20 m− 3) and high stocking density, HSD (30 m− 3) in triplicates. Fish were fed twice daily with CIFRI CAGEGROW® floating feed (crude protein-28%, crude fat-4%). Fish growth and feed efficiency was higher (P<0.05) in LSD, however MSD registered higher yield. Amylase and protease activity reduced whereas lipase activity increased with increasing stocking density. Muscle crude protein and crude fat formed inverse correlation. The fillet quality deteriorated at higher stocking densities based on Muscle pH, drip loss and frozen leakage rate. The stress biomarkers level (glucose, cortisol, superoxide dismutase and catalase) increased in serum under crowding condition. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase in serum was significantly increased in HSD. Serum protein level decreased with increase in stocking densities. Body ionic imbalance (Na+, Cl− and K+) observed under crowding stress. Based on growth attributes and multiple biomarker responses, L. rohita @ 10 m− 3 found to be optimum density for inland open water cage culture.
Macroeconomic, Political, And Institutional Determinants of Private Investment In Ethiopia: A Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Mekonnen Hulunayen Yizengew , Mogess Yohannes Kefale 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the macroeconomic, political, and institutional determinants of private investment in Ethiopia based on a time series data from 1985 to 2018. We apply ARDL approach to Co-integration to investigate the long-run and short run outcomes. The result reveals that real GDP has positive significant effect on private investment growth in both long run and short run while public investment has a crowding-out effect in short run but crowding-in effect in the long run. Real interest rate has a significant negative effect on private investment growth in long run unlike its short run effect. Hence, we recommend more effort has to be excreted to increase the market-size and real income of the people to promote private investment. Secondly, public investment in infrastructures is crucial to attract private investors though public investment in sectors that compete directly with the private sector retard private investment growth. Thirdly, given the negative significant effect of real effective exchange rate on private investment, devaluation is not a long-lasting solution to promote private investment unless the marshal-learner condition is satisfied. Fourthly, the government has to ensure consistent management strategies to minimize corruption, violent uprisings, and bureaucratic inefficiencies to build up confidence of private investors.
AVL9 Promotes Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Migration via Regulating EGFR Expression
Authors: Wu Qiong , Chen JingDe , Zhou Zhuqing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite advanced treatments could inhibit progression of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), the recurrence and metastasis remain challenging issues. Accumulating evidences implicated that AVL9 played a vital role in human cancers, but it’s biological function and mechanism in CRC remain unclear.Aim: To investigate the biological role and mechanism of AVL9 in colorectal carcinoma.Results: AVL9 expression was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues than that in matched normal tissues both at mRNA and protein levels. High expression of AVL9 was closely correlated with M status, stages and poor prognosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients. Functionally, AVL9 overexpression promoted cell migration rather than cell proliferation in vitro, whereas AVL9 knockdown exhibited the contrary results. Mechanistically, AVL9 regulated EGFR expression, and knockdown of EGFR restrained AVL9-induced cell migration.Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that AVL9 contributed to CRC cell migration by regulating EGFR expression, implying a potential biomarker for CRC early diagnosis.
Mortality and Its Associated Factors of Bowel Obstruction after Surgical Treatment Among Adult Patients at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia 2021 (Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study)
Authors: Simachew Addisu , Haile Dessalegn , Tesfaye Bekele , Kebede Tiringo , Nahusenay Hiowt , Shimkaw Atirsaw , Endawok Migbaru , kefale fasil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: - Bowel obstruction is a mechanical or functional obstruction of bowel that prevents the normal movements of products of digestions. Even if Treatment outcome of bowel obstruction varies from area to area, time to time, and also increasing age is significant factor of treatment outcomes of bowel obstruction. Outcome of bowel obstruction and associated factors on adults have been poorly explored in the previous Ethiopian study particularly in the study area. Objective: To assess prevalence and its associated factors of mortality after surgical treatment of bowel obstruction among adult patients at Debre Markos comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia 2021 Methodology: - Institution based Cross sectional study design was used. A total 517 study participates was included by using consecutive sampling techniques from 23/02/2017 to 23/02/2021 at Debre Markos Comprehensive specialized Hospital. Data was collected from patient registration books and medical records available in the hospital by using checklists. Then data were entered to Epi data version 4.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with treatment outcome of bowel obstruction. P value less than 0.05 considered as significant in multivariable analysis Result: Among patients treated for bowel obstruction 70(13.5%) was died. Old age (>=55) ((AOR=3.70; 95% CI [1.02,3.39, p=0.046], Gangrenous large bowel (AOR 5.58; 95%CI [2.33, 3.36), p=0.0001].. prolonged hospital stay(AOR= 2.42; 95%CI [1.10, 5.55, p=0.043]). late presentation (AOR=2.84; 95% CI [1.33, 6.04]), comorbidity (AOR=3.79; 95%CI [(1.75, 8.21), p=0.001]), WBC(AOR=3.53 ;95% CI [(1.61, 7.70), P=0.002]). Low hemoglobin (AOR=3.50, 95%CI [(1, 62, 7.60), P=0.001]) was independent predicator of mortality.Conclusion: Mortality after surgical treatment of bowel obstruction were high and having gangrenous bowel, low hemoglobin level, late presentation, post-operative complications, leukocytosis and comorbidity was independent predicator of unfavorable outcomes. Give special care for patients treated with low hemoglobin, late presentation, having complications and leucocytosis. Create awareness to the public on advantage of early presentation to hospital.
Monitoring Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality in Emergency Department: A National Survey in China on Current Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices
Authors: Zheng Kang , Du Lanfang , Cao Yu , Niu Zhendong , Song Zhenju , Liu Zhi , Liu Xiaowei , Xiang Xudong , Zhou Qidi , Xiong Hui , Chen Fengying , Zhang Guoqiang , Ma Qingbian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate current knowledge, attitudes, and practices for CPR quality control among emergency physicians in Chinese tertiary hospitals.Methods: Anonymous questionnaires were distributed to physicians in 75 tertiary hospitals in China between January and July 2018.Results: A total of 1405 respondents answered survey without obvious logical errors. Only 54.4% knew all criteria of high-quality CPR. The main problems during CPR were related to chest compression: low quality due to fatigue (67.3%), inappropriate depth (57.3%) and rate (54.1%). 91.0% respondents considered CPR quality monitoring should be used, 72.4% knew objective method for monitoring, and 63.2% always/often monitored CPR quality during actual resuscitation. The utilization rate of recommended monitoring methods was reported as follow, ETCO2 was 42.7%, audio-visual feedback devices was10.1%, coronary perfusion pressure was 17.9%, and invasive arterial pressure was 31.1%. 96.3% respondents considered it was necessary to participate in regular CPR retraining, but 21.4% did not receive any retraining. The ideal retraining interval was considered to be 3 to 6 months, but actual interval was 6 to 12 months. CPR feedback devices were always/often used in training was reported by 49.7% of respondents.Conclusion: Chinese emergency physicians were very concerned about CPR quality, but they did not fully understand the high-quality criteria and impact on prognosis. CPR quality monitoring was not routine procedure during actual resuscitation. The methods recommended in guidelines were rarely used in practice. Many physicians have not received retraining or have received retraining at long intervals. Feedback devices were not commonly used in training.
STAT3 Suppresses The AMPKα-ULK1-Dependent Induction of Autophagy In Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Bhattacharya Sujoy , Yin Jinggang , Yang Chuan He , Wang Yinan , Sims Michelle , Pfeffer Lawrence M. , Chaum Edward 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Despite advances in molecular characterization, glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal type of brain tumor with high mortality rates in both pediatric and adult patients. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), is an important oncogenic driver of GBM. Although STAT3 reportedly plays a role in autophagy of some cells, its role in cancer cell autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we found STAT3 phosphorylation on Y705 and S727 residues, acetylation on K685, and tri-methylation on K180 was constitutive in GBM cell lines. Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 in MT330 GBM cells suppresses autophagy, whereas knockout (KO) of STAT3 increases ULK1 gene expression, increases TSC2-AMPKa-ULK1 signaling and Prom1/CD133 expression, decreases p62 gene expression and accumulation, and increases lysosomal Cathepsin D processing, leading to the stimulation of autophagic flux. Rescue of STAT3-KO cells by the enforced expression of wild-type (WT) STAT3 reverses these pathways and inhibits autophagic flux. Conversely, expression of Y705F-STAT3 and S727A-STAT3 mutants in STAT3-KO cells did not suppress autophagy. Inhibition of ULK1 activity (by MRT68921) or its expression (by siRNA) in STAT3-KO cells inhibits autophagy flux and sensitizes cells to apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that both STAT3 serine and tyrosine phosphorylation play critical roles in STAT3-dependent autophagy in GBM and the potential of targeting this pathway to treat GBM.
How Young is a 300-Year-Old Wetland? The Case of the Pantanal Marimbus, Chapada Diamantina, Brazil
Authors: Lima Geraldo Marcelo , Macário Kita , Costa Alexandre , Alves Eduardo , Filho Joaquim , Poggio Carolina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Chapada Diamantina, in Northeastern Brazil, is one of the few places where one can find drylands with a backswamp containing hundreds of dead deciduous trees in the floodplain. During the 18th century, the region was globally important due to the exploration of mineral resources. The death of these trees was caused by mining activities that silted the main river, leading to the impoundment of the tributary river, and resulting in a wetland known as Pantanal Marimbus, having as indicators: (i) backswamp morphological feature that remains permanently flooded in the axis of the fluvial course, and (ii) alluvial fans concentrated in one footslope area where mining activities at the Chapada Diamantina were also concentrated. The hydrological and sedimentological behavior was investigated to multi-methods. By analysing four different samples from the bark and core of the same tree, we obtained calibrated radiocarbon dates within the 18th century. For no robust dendrochronology could be performed, a simple sequence model was built, revealing a high probability that the tree lived until approximately 1700 AD. 14C-AMS measured pioneering possible to evaluate the 300-years-old wetlands juvenile evolutionary state.
Transport Efficiency of AtGTR1 Dependents on the Hydrophobicity of Transported Glucosinolates
Authors: Chung Yi-Chia , Cheng Hao-Yu , Wang Wei-Tung , Chang Yen-Jui , Lin Shih-Ming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLSs) are a group of secondary metabolites that are involved in the defense of herbivores. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Glucosinolate Transporter 1 (AtGTR1) transports GLSs with high affinity via a proton gradient-driven process. In addition to transporting GLSs, AtGTR1 also transports phytohormones, jasmonic acidisoleucine (JA-Ile), and gibberellin (GA). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the broad substrate specificity of AtGTR1. Here, we characterized the substrate preference of AtGTR1 by using a yeast uptake assay, and the results revealed that GLS transport rates are negatively correlated with the hydrophobicity of substrates. Interestingly, the AtGTR1 showed a higher substrate affinity for GLSs with higher hydrophobicity, suggesting a hydrophobic substrate binding pocket. In addition, a competition assay revealed that the presence of JA, salicylic acid (SA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) inhibits the transport of GLSs in yeast, suggesting a potential regulatory mechanism of AtGTR1. To further characterize the functional properties of AtGTR1, mutagenesis experiments confirmed that the conserved EXXEK motif and Arg166 are essential for the GLS transport function. In addition, the purified AtGTR1 adopts a homodimeric conformation, which is possibly regulated by phosphorylation on Thr105. The phosphomimetic mutation, T105D, reduced its protein expression and completely abrogated its GLS transport function, indicating the essential role of phosphorylation on AtGTR1. In summary, this study investigated various factors associated with the GLS transport and increased our knowledge on the substrate preferences of AtGTR1. These findings contribute to understanding how the distribution of defense GLSs is regulated in plants and could be used to improve crop quality in agriculture.
Association Between IL-23 and Coronary Arterial Lesions in Children with Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Su Ya , Feng Siqi , Liu Ruixi , Yi Qijian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The pathogenesis of coronary artery lesions (CALs) in KD patients has been thought of as an unknown stimulus that triggers an inflammatory cascade with activation of the immune system. However, interleukin-23 (IL-23) is supposed as a key cytokine in inflammatory and autoimmunity diseases. The role of IL-23 in the pathogenesis of CALs has not been fully elucidated. This study explored the relationship between the serum IL-23 levels and CALs in patients with KD. We collected blood specimens from 90 children with KD before intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. Levels of IL-23, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10, MCP-1 and VEGF were measured in 190 cases, including 4 groups: KD with CALs (n = 46), KD without CALs (n = 44), febrile control group, (FC, n = 40) and normal control group, (NC, n = 60). Clinical parameters were tested in all subjects. IL-23 was significantly elevated in the KD group compared with the febrile and normal control groups, especially increased in the KD patients with CALs. Serum levels of IL-23 in KD patients were positively associated with WBC, CRP, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10, MCP-1, and VEGF in children with KD. In conclusion, IL-23 may be involved in the pro-inflammatory process and the pathogenesis of CALs in KD patients.
First Report of Nosocomial Outbreak of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Faecium Infection Among COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in a Non-Intensive Care Unit Ward in Central Europe
Authors: Jalali Yashar , Šturdík Igor , Jalali Monika , Kyselovič Ján , Liptáková Adriána , Kološová Andrea , Böhmer Miroslav , Szemes Tomáš , Stuchlík Stanislav , Payer Juraj 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 exerted immense pressure on health care systems worldwide, causing substantial resources to be diverted to respond to the pandemic. These changes raise the concern about the potential for reduction in adherence to long-established measures in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Enterococcus species account for most of human enterococcal HAI and multidrug-resistant infections and have become a major threat to modern public health. We examine the rise in the number of vancomycin resistant E. faecium blood stream and urinary tract infections in a COVID-19 department during an epidemiologic outbreak investigation to detect and eliminate nosocomial clusters of the bacteria. Methods: Strain identification was performed by classical isolation and biochemical and cultivation methods. Antibiotic testing results were interpreted according to European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Six isolated samples underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS) during the outbreak investigation. Isolate relatedness was determined using core genome multilocus sequence typing.Results: WGS revealed two genotypically distinct VRE clusters, one of which had genetically closely related patient and environmental isolates. The cluster was terminated by enhanced infection control strategies.Conclusions: This study provides the first description of an outbreak caused by vanA-ST17 E. faecium strains among COVID-19 patients in central Europe, and the first description of an outbreak caused by vanB-ST117 and vanA-ST17 E. faecium strains in Slovakia. This study can help raise awareness about the need for strict adherence to infection control measures and the implementation of rational antimicrobial stewardship as a routine part of COVID-19 management.
Electroencephalography Patterns in Children with First Unprovoked Seizure
Authors: Gunawan Prastiya Indra , Kurube Claudia Magdalena Felisia , Noviandi Riza , Samosir Sunny Mariana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

First unprovoked seizure (FUS) is a neurological health problem that occurs in an estimated 2% of children aged 16 years or younger. Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological technique to record electrical activities arising from the brain; this technique can be used to evaluate patients with suspected seizures, epilepsy, and unusual concomitants. The objective of this study is to describe the EEG patterns in children with FUS and the factors associated with these EEG results.
Method

A retrospective analytic study was conducted in the Neuropaediatric Clinic, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital. The medical record data were obtained from January 2018 to December 2019. Children aged one month to 18 years with FUS and their complete EEG records were included. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test with Cochran's Q test and Mantel–Haenszel tests were used for statistical calculations.
Results

One hundred participants enrolled the study. The majority (54%) showed abnormal EEG, which was dominated by epileptiform discharges (68.5%) consisting of benign epileptiform with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS), focal and generalized sharp waves, focal and generalized spikes, and EEG seizures. Factors associated with abnormal EEG results were children aged ≥ 5 years (p = 0.07, OR = 3.093, 95% CI = 1.361–7.030), focal seizure type (p = 0.021, OR = 6.286, 95% CI = 1.327–29,779), and long seizure duration ≥ 5 minutes (p < 0.001, OR = 8.333, 95% CI = 3.029–22.929).
Conclusion

Children with abnormal EEG were at risk for recurrent seizures. Over 50% of children with FUS had abnormal EEG results. In the present study, abnormal EEG results were frequently found in children with FUS, especially in older children (≥ 5 years old), those with focal seizures, and those with long seizure durations (≥ 5 minutes).
Paramedic Perception of Endotracheal Intubation Performance: an Examination of Irish Advanced Paramedic Demographics, Characteristics, Confidence and Perceived Barriers to the Performance of Advanced Airway Management.
Authors: Horan Alan , Masterson Siobhán , O'Donnell Cathal , Hennelly David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMuch research has occurred internationally with regard to the prehospital ETI (endotracheal intubation), however to date little is known of Paramedics perception of the procedure. In order to gain insight into procedural perception Irish Advanced Paramedics (AP) were invited to participate in an electronic survey. This survey attempted to gather information surrounding AP’s experience of education for and performance of ETI, to identify procedural barriers and gain insight in to the continuing developmental needs of AP’s to maintain confidence and competence in ETI performance. MethodsAn online questionnaire was created and AP’s employed by the National Ambulance Service and the Dublin Fire Brigade, were invited to participate. The objective was to measure the characteristics, attitudes and perceived barriers to ETI by AP’s in Ireland. Participants were asked to categorise their personal characteristics of ETI (frequency, techniques, barriers) through a series of 36 structured questions and answers. ResultsOf the 524 AP surveyed the response rate was 27% (n=140) 77.9% of respondents perform ETI 10 times or less per year. 26.6% of respondents maintain a personal airway management log book. 97.8% of respondents reported ETI as being an important AP skill. Most felt confident at performing the procedure but felt it was of moderate difficulty. There was a lack of consensus on the definition of a failed intubation attempt. Initial supervised intubation practice in Hospital or the clinical skill lab was felt to be very important. Most respondents felt that there should be a minimum number of intubations performed by a paramedic each year, and that if this number was not achieved in the pre-hospital setting in-hospital practice should be an available alternative.Conclusion ETI is perceived to be an important skill by Paramedics. In practice there is wide variances in standards of data reporting, continuing assessment and competency assurance in ETI. A hybrid approach of individuals maintaining an airway portfolio which encompasses a clinical airway logbook, self-directed airway simulation with periodic senior peer appraisal and in-hospital clinical feedback may be the best approach for Paramedics with limited pre-hospital advanced airway management opportunities.