bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-wearable EEG-Based Detection of Emotional Valence for Scientific Measurement of Emotions
Authors: Apicella Andrea , Arpaia Pasquale , Mastrati Giovanna , Moccaldi Nicola 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An emotional-valence detection method for a very–high wearable EEG-based system is proposed. Valence detection occurs along the interval scale theorized by the circumplex model of emotions. The binary choice, positive valence vs negative valence, represents a first step towards the adoption of a metric scale with a finer resolution. Wearability is guaranteed by a wireless cap with conductive-rubber dry electrodes and 8 data acquisition channels. Experimental validation was realized on 25 volunteers without depressive disorders. The metrological reference was built by combining the rating of a standardized set of pictures from dataset Oasis and results from the Self Assessment Manikin questionnaire. Two different strategies for feature extraction were compared: (i) based on a-priory knowledge (i.e. Hemispheric Asymmetry Theories) and (ii) automated. A pipeline of a custom 12-band Filter Bank and Common Spatial Pattern algorithm is the method proposed for automated feature extraction. Four machine learning classifiers were tested for validating the proposed method in discriminating two classes (high or low emotional valence). An intra-individual average accuracy, 96.2 %, was obtained by a shallow artificial neural network, while K-Nearest Neighbors allowed obtaining 80.3 % of inter-individual accuracy. Considering the wearability, and the well-founded metrological reference, results are the state of the art in emotional valence detection.
Albumin Levels Predict Mortality In Sepsis Patients With Acute Kidney Injury Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Secondary Analysis Based On A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sheng Song , Huang Ye 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Albumin (ALB) levels are negatively associated with mortality in patients with sepsis. However, among sepsis patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), there has been no similar study on the correlation between ALB levels and mortality alone. This study tested the hypothesis that ALB levels are negatively associated with mortality among such patients. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of 794 patients with sepsis who were diagnosed with AKI and underwent CRRT in South Korea. For the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards models were used to study the hypotheses, with adjustments for the pertinent covariables. Results The ALB level was an independent prognostic factor for death at 28 and 90 days after CRRT initiation (HR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.90, P=0.0024 for death at 28 days and HR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.63–0.86, P<0.0001 for death at 90 days). A nonlinear association was not identified between ALB levels and the endpoints. Subgroup analyses and tests for interactions indicated that patients with low HCO3 levels (<22 mmol/L) had a higher rate of death at 28 days (P for interaction=0.0235), and there was a significantly increased mortality at 90 days among patients with high CRP levels (P for interaction=0.0195). Conclusion A 1 g/dL increase in ALB levels was independently associated with a 25% and 27% decrease in the risk of death at 28 and 90 days, respectively. It is feasible to predict mortality using ALB levels in sepsis patients with AKI undergoing CRRT.
An Economic Evaluation of Triage Tools For Patients With Suspected Severe Injuries In England
Authors: Pollard Daniel , Fuller Gordon , Goodacre Steve , Rein Eveline A. J. van , Job F. Waalwijk , Heijl Mark van 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMany health care systems triage injured patients to major trauma centres (MTCs) or local hospitals by using triage tools and paramedic judgement. Triage tools are typically assessed by whether patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS)≥16 go to an MTC and whether patients with an ISS<16 are sent to their local hospital. There is a trade‐off between sensitivity and specificity of triage tools, with the optimal balance being unknown. We conducted an economic evaluation of major trauma triage tools to identify which tool would be considered cost-effective by UK decision makers.MethodsA patient-level, probabilistic, mathematical model of a UK major trauma system was developed. Patients with an ISS≥16 who were only treated at local hospitals had worse outcomes compared to being treated in an MTC. Nine empirically derived triage tools, from a previous study, were examined so we assessed triage tools with realistic trade-offs between triage tool sensitivity and specificity. Lifetime costs, lifetime quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for each tool and compared to maximum acceptable ICERs (MAICERs) in England. ResultsFour tools had ICERs within the normal range of MAICERs used by English decision makers (£20,000 to £30,000 per QALY gained). A low sensitivity (28.4%) and high specificity (88.6%) would be cost-effective at the lower end of this range while higher sensitivity (87.5%) and lower specificity (62.8%) was cost-effective towards the upper end of this range. These results were sensitive to the cost of MTC admissions and whether MTCs had a benefit for patients with an ISS between 9 and 15. ConclusionsThe cost-effective triage tool depends on the English decision maker’s MAICER for this health problem. In the usual range of MAICERs, cost-effective prehospital trauma triage involves clinically suboptimal sensitivity, with a proportion of seriously injured patients (at least 10%) being initially transported to local hospitals. High sensitivity trauma triage requires development of more accurate decision rules; research to establish if patients with an ISS between 9 and 15 benefit from MTCs; or, inefficient use of health care resources to manage patients with less serious injuries at MTCs.
Assessment of Factors Affecting Inactivated COVID-19 (CORONAVAC) Vaccine Response and Antibody Response in Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Özdemir Hülya Özkan , Tosun Selma , COŞKUNER Seher Ayten , Demir Seval 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough COVID-19 pandemic Phase III trial results of many vaccines were reported, the literature about community results is inadequate. This study aims to evaluate the experience gained during the vaccination process of healthcare workers (HCW), the measured antibody responses and the factors affecting the response, and to contribute to the literature in this field by presenting the data. MethodAnti-RBD anti-SARS Cov2 IgG antibodies were measured by the ELISA method in blood samples taken at least a month after the second vaccine from 264 HCW vaccinated twice with an interval of 28 days. Information from individuals were collected with an online participation form. Results264 HCW (166 females (63%), 98 males (37%)) were included in the study whose age are between 23-69 (mean 44.22 ± 11.58). After vaccination, 22 (8.3%) were unresponsive, 25 (9.5%) had weak response, and 217 (82.2%) had a response. The overall rate of weak response and the high response was 91.6%. In our study, that the antibody response was found to be statistically significantly lower in males (p: 0.022), there was a significant decrease in antibody response with advanced age (p <0.005), and the difference was highly significant (p: 0.0005) above the age of 60.ConclusionIn this study, 91.6% anti spike antibodies were detected with CoronaVac which an inactivated vaccine and the antibody response is was lower in cases of advanced age, male gender, not having COVID-19, not developing PVAE, and having pandemic H1N1 vaccine.
Crystalline Structure Analysis of All-cellulose Nanocomposites Films Based on Corn and Wheat Straw
Authors: BIAN Hongxia , Yang Yanyan , Tu Peng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The cellulose and nanocellulose which was extracted from corn straw and wheat straw was used to fabricate all-cellulose nanocomposites film (ANF). The crystal structure (CS) of ANFs was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The result shows that cellulose-I and cellulose-II are coexisting within regenerated cellulose films (RCF) and ANFs and can transfer each other with the change of nanocellulose content. The characteristics of cellulose transformation depend on the raw material and preparing method of cellulose. When cellulose is prepared from corn straw, under two preparing methods, the cellulose type tends to transform from cellulose-I to cellulose-II with low nanocellulose content and transform from cellulose-II to cellulose-I with high nanocellulose content. However, when cellulose is prepared from wheat straw, under extracting methods, the cellulose type tends to transform from cellulose-I to cellulose-II with nanocellulose content increase; under acid-alkali methods, the transformation is from cellulose-II to cellulose-I. The crystalline index (CI) of RCFs and ANFs is no obvious regularity, and the either content of cellulose-I or cellulose-II alone cannot determine the CI. Based on above result, the transformation characteristics of cellulose type should affect the property of ANFs, but further research methods and strategies are needed on what the effects are.
Construction of an MRI-based decision tree to differentiate autoimmune and autoinflammatory inner ear disease from chronic otomastoiditis with sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Lee Boeun , Bae Yun Jung , Choi Byung Yoon , Kim Hyojin , Choi Byung Se , Kim Jae Hyoung 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose Autoimmune and inner ear diseases (AIED/AID) are characterized by the symptom of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). To date, standardized diagnostic tools for AIED/AID are lacking, and clinically differentiating AIED/AID from chronic otomastoiditis (COM) with SNHL is challenging. This retrospective study aimed to construct an MRI-based decision tree using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to distinguish AIED/AID from COM.Methods In total, 67 patients were enrolled between January 2004 and October 2019, comprising AIED/AID (n = 18), COM (n = 24), and control groups (n = 25). All patients underwent 3T temporal bone MRI, including post-contrast T1-weighted images (postT1WI) and post-contrast FLAIR images (postFLAIR). Two radiologists evaluated the presence of otomastoid effusion and inner ear contrast enhancement on MRI. A CART decision tree model was constructed using MRI features to differentiate AIED/AID from COM and control groups, and diagnostic performance was analyzed.Results High-intensity bilateral effusion (61.1%) and inner ear enhancement (postFLAIR, 93.8%; postT1WI, 61.1%) were the most common in the AIED/AID group. We constructed two CART decision tree models; the first used effusion amount as the first partitioning node and postT1WI-inner ear enhancement as the second node, whereas the second comprised two partitioning nodes with the degree of postFLAIR-enhancement of the inner ear. The first and second models enabled distinction of AIED/AID from COM with high specificity (100% and 94.3%, respectively).Conclusion The amount of effusion and degree of inner ear enhancement on MRI may facilitate the distinction between AIED/AID and COM with SNHL using decision tree models, thereby contributing to early diagnosis and intervention.
Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Quality of Dendrobium Officinale Kimura Et Migo After Transplantation of Artificially Cultivated Plants From South to North China During Different Growing Years
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Zhang Shijing , Yan Ting , Yuan Guoqiang , Dai Yafeng , Dong Lanying , Wang Zengli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a traditional functional food and medicinal plant in China. Due to low natural regeneration rates, habitat destruction, excessive collection and commercial trade, D. officinale is severely threatened, and commercial artificial-sheltered cultivation has been massively used to meet the needs of the market. Aim: To comprehensively compare the accumulation of nutritional compounds during 3-5 years of introduced, artificial-sheltered cultivation from southern to northern China.Methods: D. officinale of the same species were artificially cultivated in the southern traditional cultivation area, Anhui and the new northern cultivation area, Beijing. First, samples were collected in the third, fourth, and fifth years of growth, and nutritional quality indexes, including polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids and total phenolic content, were determined. Second, an untargeted metabolomics method was used to investigate metabolic variations in D. officinale stems between Anhui and Beijing cultures in the fifth year.Results: After comparing the nutrient accumulation in different growing years, the idea harvest time was found in the third growing year in both cultivation areas. Of them, the contents of polysaccharides, flavonoids and total polyphenol were higher in cultivation in Anhui than Beijing, but the accumulation of alkaloid content was much lower in Anhui. The highest amount of polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale was found in the three-year cultivation in Anhui, which reached 515.75 mg/g. When metabolites were analysed, a total of 272 metabolites were detected in the current study, including 27 up-regulated and 73 down-regulated metabolites in D. officinale cultivated in Beijing compared with samples from Anhui. Conclusion: D. officinale artificially and transplanted cultivated from southern to northern China showed some significant differences in the accumulation of nutrient compounds. Planting in northern China has some specific advantages, but the overall nutritional value is not as good as planting in southern China. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the nutrient profiles of D. officinale through artificial cultivation in different areas.
Estimation of Geographic Origin from Dust Using Plant DNA Metabarcoding
Authors: Lennartz Chelsea , Kurucar Joel , Coppola Stephen , Crager Janice , Bobrow Johanna , Bortolin Laura , Comolli James 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Information obtained from the analysis of dust, particularly biological particles such as pollen, plant parts, and fungal spores, has great utility in forensic geolocation. As an alternative to manual microscopic analysis, we developed a pipeline that utilizes the environmental DNA (eDNA) from plants in dust samples to estimate previous sample location(s). The species of plant-derived eDNA within dust samples were identified using metabarcoding and their geographic distributions were then derived from occurrence records in the USGS Biodiversity in Service of Our Nation (BISON) database. The distributions for all plant species identified in a sample were used to generate a probabilistic estimate of the sample source. With settled dust collected at four U.S. sites over a 15-month period, we demonstrated positive regional geolocation (within 600 km 2 of the collection point) with 47.6% (20 of 42) of the samples analyzed. Attribution accuracy and resolution was dependent on the number of plant species identified in a dust sample, which was greatly affected by the season of collection. In dust samples that yielded a minimum of 20 identified plant species, positive regional attribution improved to 66.7% (16 of 24 samples). Using dust samples collected from 31 different U.S. sites, trace plant eDNA provided relevant regional attribution information on provenance in 32.2%. This demonstrated that analysis of plant eDNA in dust can provide an accurate estimate regional provenance within the U.S., and relevant forensic information, for a substantial fraction of samples analyzed.
Potential of Cell Tracking Velocimetry as an Economical and Portable Hematology Analyzer
Authors: Gómez-Pastora Jenifer , Kim James , Weigand Mitchell , Palmer Andre F. , Yazer Mark , Desai Payal C. , Zborowski Maciej , Chalmers Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Anemia and iron deficiency continue to be the most prevalent nutritional disorders in the world, affecting billions of people in both developed and developing countries. The initial diagnosis of anemia is typically based on several markers, including red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit and total hemoglobin. Using modern hematology analyzers, erythrocyte parameters such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), etc. are also being used. However, most of these commercially available analyzers pose several disadvantages: they are expensive instruments that require significant bench space and are heavy enough to limit their use to a specific lab and leading to a delay in results, making them less practical as a point-of-care instrument that can be used for swift clinical evaluation. Thus, there is a need for a portable and economical hematology analyzer that can be used at the point of need. In this work, we evaluated the performance of a system referred to as the cell tracking velocimetry (CTV) to measure several hematological parameters from fresh human blood obtained from healthy donors. Our system, based on the paramagnetic behavior that methemoglobin containing RBCs experience when suspended in water after applying a magnetic field, uses a combination of magnets and microfluidics and has the ability to track the movement of thousands of red cells in a short period of time. This allows us to measure not only traditional RBC indices but also novel parameters that are only available for analyzers that assess erythrocytes on a cell by cell basis. As such, we report, for the first time, the use of our CTV as a hematology analyzer that is able to measure red cell volume or MCV, red cell hemoglobin mass or MCH, hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW) and the percentage of hypochromic cells, which is an indicator of insufficient marrow iron supply that reflects recent iron reduction. Our initial results indicate that most of the parameters measured with CTV are within the normal range for healthy adults. Only the parameters related to the red cell volume (primarily MCV and RDW) were outside the normal range. We observed significant discrepancies between the MCV measured by our technology (and also by an automated cell counter) and the manual MCV measured through the hematocrit obtained by packed cell volume method, which are attributed to the artifacts of plasma trapping and cell shrinkage. While there may be limitations for measuring MCV, this device offers a novel point of care instrument to provide rapid RBC parameters such as iron stores that are otherwise not rapidly available to the clinician. Thus, our CTV is a promising technology with the potential to be employed as an accurate, economical, portable and fast hematology analyzer after applying instrument-specific reference ranges or correction factors.
Effect of Magnesium Reduction Process on Oxygen Content of Pickling Niobium Powder
Authors: Wang Jingfeng , Liu Fang , Zhang Yue , Li Qinkui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of high oxygen content in industrial niobium powder, the oxygen reduction process of high oxygen niobium powder magnesium was studied. Based on the thermodynamic analysis of magnesium thermal reduction of niobium powder, the effects of reduction temperature, magnesium addition, reduction time and reduction atmosphere on oxygen content of pickling niobium powder were studied. The results show that: with the increase of magnesium addition, the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder gradually decreases to a certain value and then remains unchanged. In a certain temperature range (953k-1203k), with the increase of reduction temperature, the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder first decreases and then increases, and the best oxygen content is 356ppm at 1133k; with the extension of reduction time (2-6h), the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder first decreases and then remains unchanged. Finally, the oxygen content of pickled niobium powder is reduced to about 356 ppm at 400% Mg addition, 1133 K reduction temperature and 4 h reduction time.
Xuebijing Injection Affects the Dynamic Change of Metabolism in CLP-Induced Septic Rats
Authors: Liu Yanjuan , Zeng Qi , Xiao Wen , Chen Fang , Zou Lianhong , Liu Xiehong , Zhu Yimin , Jiang Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Xuebijing injection has been widely applied to treat sepsis. However, its roles in the dynamic change of metabolism in sepsis are still unknown. In our study, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical techniques was used to detect the metabolic change in septic rats with or without XBJ injection treatment. The KEGG pathway analysis was used to further analyze the related metabolic pathways in which the identified metabolites were involved. Based on the fold change, variable important in projection, and P value, we found 11, 33 and 26 differential metabolites in the sepsis group at 2, 6 and 12 hours post CLP, compared with the control group. Besides, we also found 32, 23 and 28 differential metabolites in the XBJ group at 2, 6 and 12 hours post CLP. The related pathways of differential metabolites were glycometabolism at 2h, glycometabolism and amino acid metabolism at 6h and amino acid metabolism at 12h post CLP in the sepsis group compared with the control group. Besides, glycometabolism, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism changed markedly after XBJ injection for 2 hours; while only amino acid metabolism changed significantly with the treatment of XBJ injection for 6 and 12 hours, compared with the sepsis group. Further analysis showed 3, 6 and 6 differential metabolites were overlapped in the sepsis group and XBJ group at 2, 6 and 12 hours post CLP. These identified differential metabolites were majorly involved in arginine and proline metabolism, suggesting that XBJ injection is capable of improving metabolic disorders in CLP-induced septic rat to a certain extent.
Proof of Concept of a Multimodal Intravital Molecular Imaging System for Tumour Transpathology Investigation
Authors: Liu Zhen , Cheng Tao , Düwel Stephan , Jian Ziying , Topping Geoffrey J. , Steiger Katja , Wang Qian , Braren Rickmer , Reder Sybille , Mittelhäuser Markus , Hundshammer Christian , Feuerecker Benedikt , Huang Sung-Cheng , Schwaiger Markus , Schilling Franz , Ziegler Sibylle , Shi Kuangyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Transpathology highlights the interpretation of underlying physiology behind molecular imaging. However, it remains challenging due to the discrepancies between in vivo and in vitro measurements and difficulties of precise co-registration between multi-scaled images. This study aims to develop a multimodal intravital molecular imaging (MIMI) system as a tool for in vivo tumour transpathology investigation.Methods: The proposed MIMI system integrates high-resolution positron imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and microscopic imaging on a dorsal skin window chamber on a nude rat. The window chamber frame was designed to be compatible with multimodal imaging and its fiducial markers were customized for precise physical alignment among modalities. The co-registration accuracy was evaluated based on phantoms with thin catheters. For proof of concept, the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 was imaged. The tissue within the window chamber was sectioned, fixed, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained for comparison with multimodal in vivo imaging.Results: With the physical alignment via fiducial markers, the co-registration errors of the MIMI system were 0.18 ± 0.27 mm between MRI and positron imaging, 0.19 ± 0.22 mm between positron imaging and microscopic imaging, and 0.15 ± 0.27 mm between MRI and microscopic imaging. A pilot test demonstrated that the MIMI system provides an integrative visualization of the tumour anatomy, perfusion and metabolism of the in vivo tumour microenvironment.Conclusions: The established MIMI system provided a co-registered in vivo platform for trans-scale and transparent investigation of the underlying pathology behind imaging, which has the potential to enhance the translation of molecular imaging.