bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information inputs and technical efficiency in midwest corn production: evidence from farmers' use of yield and soil maps
Authors: McFadden Jonathan R. , Rosburg Alicia , Njuki Eric 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is increasing interest in how big data will affect U.S. crop production, yet little is known about the field‐level effects of “small” (i.e., individual farm) data. We help to fill this void by studying the relationship between Midwest corn production and the information contained in yield and soil maps. Research on this relationship is lacking, perhaps because maps are information inputs that may not enter the production function in a way comparable to conventional inputs. Using detailed USDA survey data, we implement a stochastic frontier analysis to evaluate how mapping technologies influence field productivity. Controlling for farmers' endogenous choice of technologies, we find evidence of direct (frontier‐shifting) and indirect (efficiency‐enhancing) productivity effects. Depending on model, field output increases by 5.6% or 11.9% as a result of map adoption. Yield maps increase expected efficiency by 8.5%, and soil maps increase expected efficiency by 7.2%, on average. These effects differ by operator demographics, such as years of experience with the field, and structural characteristics, such as whether the field is insured and if it is owned by the operator. Given that yield and soil maps are not universally adopted, our results suggest there remain opportunities to increase productivity through field‐level information use.
The impact of incomplete clinical information and initial biopsy technique on the histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Kok Yonatan , Scott Karen , Pham Alan , Liu Wenyuan , Roberts Hugh , Pan Yan , McLean Catriona , Chamberlain Alex , Kelly John W. , Mar Victoria J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesIncreased rates of histopathological misdiagnosis of melanoma have been associated with incisional punch more so than shave biopsy when compared with complete excisional biopsy. It is unknown how the increasing utilisation of shave biopsy may impact melanoma diagnosis. The extent to which the provision of clinical information to the pathologist may improve diagnostic accuracy remains unclear. This study assessed the impact of both initial biopsy technique and provision of adequate clinical information to pathologists on the accuracy of histopathological diagnosis of melanoma and disease progression.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort with nested case‐control study of all histopathological false‐negative and false‐positive melanoma diagnoses from January 2014 to May 2019 from the Victorian Melanoma Service electronic database. Cases were assessed for the initial biopsy type, provision of clinical information on pathology request forms and disease progression associated with false‐negative diagnosis.ResultsPartial shave biopsy had higher odds of false‐negative (OR 5.19, 95% CI 2.89–9.32; P < 0.001) and false‐positive diagnoses (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.45–2.63; P < 0.001) of melanoma when compared with elliptical excisional biopsy. These odds ratios were comparable with those found with incisional punch biopsy. Providing the suspected clinical diagnosis to pathologists also reduced the odds of false‐negative diagnosis with melanoma progression by 3.8‐fold (P = 0.02).ConclusionThe choice of initial biopsy technique and providing the suspected clinical diagnosis to pathologists are important for correct histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma and prevention of further disease progression.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and venous thromboembolism after surgery: an international prospective cohort study
Authors:   COVIDSurg Collaborative,   GlobalSurg Collaborative
Published: August 2021

SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri‐operative or prior SARS‐CoV‐2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub‐study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was defined as peri‐operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1–6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre‐operative anti‐coagulation for baseline comorbidities was not available. Postoperative venous thromboembolism rate was 0.5% (666/123,591) in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2; 2.2% (50/2317) in patients with peri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2; 1.6% (15/953) in patients with recent SARS‐CoV‐2; and 1.0% (11/1148) in patients with previous SARS‐CoV‐2. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with peri‐operative (adjusted odds ratio 1.5 (95%CI 1.1–2.0)) and recent SARS‐CoV‐2 (1.9 (95%CI 1.2–3.3)) remained at higher risk of venous thromboembolism, with a borderline finding in previous SARS‐CoV‐2 (1.7 (95%CI 0.9–3.0)). Overall, venous thromboembolism was independently associated with 30‐day mortality (5.4 (95%CI 4.3–6.7)). In patients with SARS‐CoV‐2, mortality without venous thromboembolism was 7.4% (319/4342) and with venous thromboembolism was 40.8% (31/76). Patients undergoing surgery with peri‐operative or recent SARS‐CoV‐2 appear to be at increased risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism compared with patients with no history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Optimal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment are unknown in this cohort of patients, and these data should be interpreted accordingly.
Malinowski’s Latinx Gardeners: Domestic Interruptions and the Manicured Resplendence of Zoom University
Authors: Zárate Salvador 
Published: August 2021

SummaryDuring the pandemic, the separation between our work lives and personal lives has become complicated and sometimes untenable. By exploring an instance where my professional duties—guest lecturing for a colleague’s class—were interrupted by a residential gardener and his leaf blower just outside my window, I demonstrate how the pandemic and the crises it represents to ethnographic research might be thought alongside the Latinx migrant service labor economy of Southern California. By drawing attention to Latinx migrant labor practices, I demonstrate how doing our ethnographic and scholarly work amid a pandemic and from home can depend on a regime of outsourced work that sustains our affective and material needs and desires, forming the invisible conditions to our scholarly productivity.
Del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery: analysis of myocardial protection and post‐operative high‐sensitivity Troponin T
Authors: Ross Jordan D. W. , Newland Richard F. , Hamson Rhys T. J. , Rice Gregory D. , Baker Robert A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgrounddel Nido cardioplegia has been adopted for use in adult cardiac surgery, despite a lack of robust randomised evidence supporting equivalence or superiority to conventional hyperkalaemic blood cardioplegia. We investigated the clinical surrogates of myocardial protection, and performed an extensive analysis of post‐operative high‐sensitivity Troponin T (hs‐TnT) values in a general adult cardiac surgery population receiving del Nido, in comparison to a historical hyperkalaemic blood cohort.Method171 consecutive patients of a single surgeon from between November 2018 and June 2020 received del Nido, and were compared to a historical cohort of 326 patients between January 2016 and November 2018 who received hyperkalaemic blood cardioplegia. Clinical markers of myocardial protection were compared, as were hs‐TnT values at 6, 12, 24, and 72‐h post‐operatively. Equivalence between groups was determined using the two one‐sided tests procedure.ResultsThere was no difference between the groups in the incidence of post‐operative low cardiac output state, inotropic support, or myocardial infarction. Del Nido patients had less defibrillation requirement, and more spontaneous resumption of normal sinus rhythm. High‐sensitivity Troponin T values were similar at all time‐points including in a coronary artery bypass graft subgroup, and in those patients with elevated pre‐operative hs‐TnT.ConclusionIn a broad cohort of adult cardiac surgery patients, including those undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and those with recent myocardial infarction, del Nido provides equivalent myocardial protection and clinical outcomes when compared to hyperkalemic blood cardioplegia. Post‐operative high‐sensitivity Troponin T values were also equivalent between the groups.
Progressive alcohol‐related liver fibrosis is characterised by imbalanced collagen formation and degradation
Authors: Thiele Maja , Johansen Stine , Gudmann Natasja S. , Madsen Bjørn , Kjærgaard Maria , Nielsen Mette Juul , Leeming Diana J. , Jacobsen Suganya , Bendtsen Flemming , Møller Søren , Detlefsen Sönke , Karsdal Morten , Krag Aleksander ,   the GALAXY Consortium
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundLiver fibrosis accumulation is considered a turnover disease, with formation exceeding degradation, although this hypothesis has never been tested in humans.AimsTo investigate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling in a biopsy‐controlled study of alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) patients.MethodsWe evaluated the relationship between formation and degradation of four collagens as a function of histological fibrosis, inflammation and steatosis in 281 patients with ALD and 50 matched healthy controls. Post hoc, we tested the findings in a cohort of patients with alcohol‐related cirrhosis and assessed the collagens' prognostic accuracy. We assessed the fibrillar collagens type III (PRO‐C3/C3M) and V (PRO‐C5/C5M), the basement membrane collagen IV (PRO‐C4/C4M), and the microfilament interface collagen VI (PRO‐C6/C6M).ResultsMean age was 54 ± 6 years, 74% male, fibrosis stage F0/1/2/3/4 = 33/98/84/18/48. Compared to controls, patients with ALD had higher levels of type III collagen formation and degradation, with the highest concentrations in those with cirrhosis (PRO‐C3 = 8.2 ± 1.7 ng/mL in controls, 14.6 ± 13.5 in ALD, 34.8 ± 23.1 in cirrhosis; C3M 7.4 ± 1.9 in controls, 9.3 ± 4.4 in ALD, 14.0 ± 5 in cirrhosis). ECM remodelling became increasingly imbalanced in higher stages of liver fibrosis, with formation progressively superseding degradation. This was particularly pronounced for type III collagen. We observed similar imbalance for inflammatory severity, but not steatosis.ConclusionsALD is characterised by both elevated collagen formation and degradation, which becomes increasingly imbalanced with more severe disease. Net increase in fibrillar collagens contributes to fibrosis progression. This has important implications for monitoring and very early identification of patients at highest risk of progressing to cirrhosis.
‘Not relevant’ responses in the era of COVID-19: are we underestimating Dermatology Life Quality Index values?
Authors: Kearney N. , Hambly R. , Alsharqi A. , Kirby B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Since March 2020, the UK and Ireland have entered a series of lockdowns in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic with restrictions resulting in the closure of nonessential retail, hospitality and sports with employees encouraged to work from home. In this retrospective study we have demonstrated a significant decrease in DLQI values, increase in the number of ‘not relevant’ responses (NRRs) in the DLQI and change between DLQI and the modified DLQI-R during the pandemic. Given the restrictions imposed on our patients, it is important for clinicians to identify the number of NRRs in the DLQI and acknowledge the potential effect on treatment decisions and data collection for disease registries and clinical trials during the pandemic.
We know more than we ever learned: Processes involved in accumulation of world knowledge
Authors: Bauer Patricia J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAccumulating information and knowledge is a major task of development. A common assumption is that we build our storehouse of world knowledge, our semantic memory, through direct experience. Although direct experience is involved, to explain fully how we know all that we know, we also must consider processes that allow for integration of information learned in separate yet related episodes of direct learning, as well as inferential processes that operate over integrated representations and permit productive extension of knowledge. In this article, I describe the self‐derivation through integration paradigm my colleagues and I developed to model these processes. Using this paradigm, we charted individual and developmental variability throughout childhood and in young adults. Several findings support the contention that the self‐derivation through integration paradigm provides a valid model for how we build semantic knowledge, including the observations that performance on the task correlates with and predicts individuals’ world knowledge and academic success.
Product and service innovation with customer recognition
Authors: Li Krista J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProduct and service innovation is important for brands to succeed in a competitive marketplace. As information technology advances, customer recognition becomes a growing industry trend; that is, brands track customers' purchase history, recognize and price discriminate between repeat and new customers.The trend of customer recognition has changed the nature and intensity of competition between brands. In this article, we examine how customer recognition and the associated changes in competition affect brands' incentives to invest in product and service innovation. We find that when brands have similar equity, customer recognition increases brands' incentives to invest in product and service innovation. However, when brands have sufficiently different equity, customer recognition leads the stronger brand to invest more and the weaker brand to invest less in product and service innovation. In addition, extant literature suggests that customer recognition reduces brand profits. In contrast, we find that customer recognition can increase the weaker brand's profit but decreases it more for the stronger brand. Thus, collecting customers' purchase history data for customer recognition can be beneficial for weaker brands but detrimental for stronger brands.
Development of an interactive tool of early social responsiveness to track autism risk in infants and toddlers
Authors: Factor Reina S , Arriaga Rosa I , Morrier Michael J , Mathys Jennifer B , Dirienzo Monica , Miller Chanel A , Southerland Audrey M , Abowd Gregory D , Ousley Opal Y 
Published: August 2021

AimTo evaluate the psychometric properties of a 4‐minute assessment designed to identify early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) status through evaluation of early social responsiveness (ESR).MethodThis retrospective, preliminary study included children between 13 and 24 months (78 males, 79 females mean age 19.4mo, SD 3.1) from two independent data sets (an experimental/training sample [n=120] and a validation/test sample [n=37]). The ESR assessment examined social behaviors (e.g. eye contact, smiling, ease‐of‐social‐engagement) across five common play activities (e.g. rolling a ball, looking at a book). Data analyses examined reliability and accuracy of the assessment in identifying ESR abilities and in discriminating children with and without ASD.ResultsResults indicated adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the ESR assessment. Receiver operator curve analysis identified a cutoff score that discriminated infants with ASD‐risk from peers in the training sample. This score yielded moderate sensitivity and high specificity for best‐estimate ASD diagnosis in the validation sample.InterpretationPreliminary findings indicated that brief, systematic observation of ESR may assist in discriminating infants with and without ASD, providing concrete evidence to validate or supplement parents’, pediatricians’, or clinicians’ concerns. Future studies could examine the utility of ESR ‘growth curves’.
Hegel's metaphysics of nature
Authors: Kabeshkin Anton 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHegel often criticizes the use of unobservable entities postulated in scientific theories. For example, he claims that atoms are not things but, rather, thoughts, and that various imponderable stuffs such as caloric are not independently existing things but, rather, “moments” of material bodies. In this paper I argue that, in such passages, Hegel expresses his original metaphysics of nature, which I relate to the different positions on the relation between what Sellars has called the “scientific image” and the “manifest image.” I reconstruct those aspects of Hegel's philosophy of inorganic nature that allow us to understand Hegel's position in detail, as well as his reasoning in support of it. I argue that, for Hegel, mechanical properties of bodies are abstractions from the bodies that have a full complement of physical and chemical properties standing in specific relations of dependency. Such bodies correspond to the objects of our manifest image, which thus has priority over the scientific image for Hegel.
Epilepsy care during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cross J Helen , Kwon Churl‐Su , Asadi‐Pooya Ali Akbar , Balagura Ganna , Gómez‐Iglesias Patricia , Guekht Alla , Hall Julie , Ikeda Akio , Kishk Nirmeen A. , Murphy Peter , Kissani Najib , Naji Yahya , Perucca Emilio , Pérez‐Poveda Juan Carlos , Sanya Emmanuel O. , Trinka Eugen , Zhou Dong , Wiebe Samuel , Jette Nathalie ,   ILAE Task Forces on COVID‐19, Telemedicine
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected the care of all patients around the world. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) COVID‐19 and Telemedicine Task Forces examined, through surveys to people with epilepsy (PWE), caregivers, and health care professionals, how the pandemic has affected the well‐being, care, and services for PWE. The ILAE included a link on their website whereby PWE and/or their caregivers could fill out a survey (in 11 languages) about the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, including access to health services and impact on mental health, including the 6‐item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. An anonymous link was also provided whereby health care providers could report cases of new‐onset seizures or an exacerbation of seizures in the context of COVID‐19. Finally, a separate questionnaire aimed at exploring the utilization of telehealth by health care professionals since the pandemic began was available on the ILAE website and also disseminated to its members. Seventeen case reports were received; data were limited and therefore no firm conclusions could be drawn. Of 590 respondents to the well‐being survey (422 PWE, 166 caregivers), 22.8% PWE and 27.5% caregivers reported an increase in seizure frequency, with difficulty in accessing medication and health care professionals reported as barriers to care. Of all respondents, 57.1% PWE and 21.5% caregivers had severe psychological distress (k score >13), which was significantly higher among PWE than caregivers (p<0.01). An increase in telemedicine use during the COVID‐19 pandemic was reported by health care professionals, with 40% of consultations conducted by this method. Although 74.9% of health care providers thought that this impacted positively, barriers to care were also identified. As we move forward, there is a need to ensure ongoing support and care for PWE to prevent a parallel pandemic of unmet health care needs.
Genetic differentiation in pesticide resistance between urban and rural populations of a nontarget freshwater keystone interactor, Daphnia magna
Authors: Brans Kristien I. , Almeida Rafaela A. , Fajgenblat Maxime 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is growing evidence that urbanization drives adaptive evolution in response to thermal gradients. One such example is documented in the water flea Daphnia magna. However, organisms residing in urban lentic ecosystems are increasingly exposed to chemical pollutants such as pesticides through run‐off and aerial transportation. The extent to which urbanization drives the evolution of pesticide resistance in aquatic organisms and whether this is impacted by warming and thermal adaptation remains limitedly studied. We performed a common garden rearing experiment using multiple clonal lineages originating from five replicated urban and rural D. magna populations, in which we implemented an acute toxicity test exposing neonates (<24h) to either a solvent control or the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos. Pesticide exposures were performed at two temperatures (20°C vs. 24°C) to test for temperature‐associated differences in urbanization‐driven evolved pesticide resistance. We identified a strong overall effect of pesticide exposure on Daphnia survival probability (−72.8 percentage points). However, urban Daphnia genotypes showed higher survival probabilities compared to rural ones in the presence of chlorpyrifos (+29.7 percentage points). Our experiment did not reveal strong temperature x pesticide or temperature x pesticide x urbanization background effects on survival probability. The here observed evolution of resistance to an organophosphate pesticide is a first indication Daphnia likely also adapts to pesticide pollution in urban areas. Increased pesticide resistance could facilitate their population persistence in urban ponds, and feed back to ecosystem functions, such as top‐down control of algae. In addition, adaptive evolution of nontarget organisms to pest control strategies and occupational pesticide use may modulate how pesticide applications affect genetic and species diversity in urban areas.
Sequential credit card fraud detection: A joint deep neural network and probabilistic graphical model approach
Authors: Forough Javad , Momtazi Saeedeh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the wide usage of e‐banking in recent years, and by increased opportunities for fraudsters subsequently, we are witnessing a loss of billions of Euros worldwide due to credit card fraud every year. Therefore, credit card fraud detection has become a critical necessity for financial institutions. Several studies have used machine learning techniques for proposing a method to address the problem. However, most of them did not take into account the sequential nature of transactional data. In this paper, we proposed a novel credit card fraud detection model using sequence labelling based on both deep neural networks and probabilistic graphical models (PGM). Then by using two real‐world datasets, we compared our model with the baseline model and examined how considering hidden sequential dependencies among transactions and also among predicted labels can improve the results. Moreover, we introduce a novel undersampling algorithm, which helps to maintain the sequential patterns of data during the random undersampling process. Our experiments demonstrate that this algorithm achieves promising results compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods in oversampling and undersampling.