bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implemetasi Kebijakan Pelayanan Kartu Tanda Penduduk (E-KTP) di Kantor Camat Raba Kota Bima
Authors: Irfadat Taufik , Haeril Haeril 
Published: April 2021

Secara otonom sejak 2012, Kecamatan Raba telah memiliki 11 (sebelas) Kelurahan sebagai bagian dari wilayah Kota Bima. Sejak digulirkannya program Nasional Penerapan Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik (e-KTP), Kecamatan Raba telah memberikan pelayanan pembuatan, perekaman dan mendokumentasikan program Nasional Penerapan Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik (e-KTP) diwilayah Kota Bima, namun penerapan e-KTP tersebut belum maksimal yang disebabkan karena keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana dengan jumlah penduduk yang ada, selain itu kemampuan pegawai masih kurang dalam mengoperasikan perangkat teknologi perekaman KTP, oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan dan keramahan pegawai Kantor Camat Raba Kota Bima dalam pelaksanaan pelayanan Kartu Tanda Penduduk (e-KTP). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuisioner, observasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Data hasil penelitian yang diperoleh di lapalangan kemudian di analisis dengan teknik analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Kebijakan pelayanan Kartu Tanda Penduduk elektronik (e-KTP) di Kantor Camat Raba Kota Bima bahwa sebagian besar responden menyatakan “sangat baik” sebanyak 18%, kemudian responden yang menyatakan “baik” sebanyak 30% serta responden menilai yang menyatakan “kurang baik” sebanyak 20% dan responden mengatakan yang menyatakan tidak baik sebanyak 10%.
Patologi Birokrasi Dalam Pelayanan Pengurusan Paspor di Kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 Kota Makassar
Authors: Fitra Ramadani Eka , Karim Musliha , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin 
Published: April 2021

Banyaknya pengaduan masyarakat berupa pelayanan yang berlarut-larut, mempersulit, diskriminasi pelayanan dan lamanya waktu penyelesaian pelayanan di Kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 Kota Makassar menunjukkan adanya patologi birokrasi yang terjadi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui patologi yang terdapat dalam pelayanan pengurusan paspor di Kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tipe penelitian adalah fenomenologis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dan studi lapangan (observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi). Teknik penentuan informan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian patologi birokrasi dalam pelayanan pengurusan paspor di Kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 Kota Makassar, menunjukkan masih adanya perilaku negatif dalam hal ini patologi birokrasi dalam memberikan pelayanan seperti, penyalahgunaan wewenang, yang terdiri pemanfaatan kekuasan dan jabatan, dan memperlambat proses penyelesaian. Diskriminasi, seperti perbandingan promordialisme, satu almamater, status sosial, dan status kekeluargaan. Upaya untuk mengurangi terjadinya patologi birokrasi yang terdiri dari: pendisiplinan pegawai, yaitu kehadiran yang tepat waktu, dan menjunjung etos kerja serta peningkatan pengawasan, seperti sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang memadai, dan penerapan budaya organisasi yang optimal.
Composite development and stratigraphy of the Onepoto maar lake sediment sequence (Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand)
Authors: Läuchli Benjamin , Augustinus Paul Christian , Peti Leonie , Hopkins Jenni Louise 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The accurate and precise reconstruction of Quaternary
climate as well as the events that punctuate it is an important driver of the study
of lake sediment archives. However, until recently lake sediment-based
palaeoclimate reconstructions have largely concentrated on Northern
Hemisphere lake sequences due to a scarcity of continuous and
high-resolution lake sediment sequences from the Southern Hemisphere,
especially from the southern mid-latitudes. In this context, the deep maar
lakes of the Auckland Volcanic Field of northern New Zealand are significant
as several contain continuous and well-laminated sediment sequences. Onepoto
Basin potentially contains the longest temporal lake sediment record from
the Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF), spanning from Marine Isotope Stage 6e (MIS 6e) to the early Holocene when lacustrine
sedimentation was terminated by marine breach of the south-western crater
tuff ring associated with post-glacial sea-level rise. The Onepoto record
consists of two new, overlapping cores spanning ca. 73 m combined with
archive material in a complete composite stratigraphy. Tephrochronology and
14C dating provide the fundamental chronological framework for the core,
with magnetic relative palaeo-intensity variability downcore, and meteoric
10Be influx into the palaeolake to refine the chronology. The µ-XRF (micro X-ray fluorescence)
downcore variability for the entirety of the lake sediment sequence has
been established with measurement of a range of proxies for climate
currently underway. This work will produce the first continuous record of
the last 200 kyr of palaeoclimate from northern New Zealand to date.
Escavações de audiovisualidades em narrativas site-specific
Authors: Lopes Tiago , Fischer Gustavo 
Published: April 2021

Propõe uma discussão a respeito das audiovisualidades – tomadas enquanto qualidades audiovisuais que se atualizam em formatos diversos em nossa tecnocultura – presentes em duas narrativas as quais foram projetadas para serem acessadas e acionadas em conexão com determinadas localidades (site-specific): os projetos artísticos 34N118W (2003) e A Machine to See With (2010). Metodologicamente, apoia-se na perspectiva da arqueologia da mídia enquanto visada que propõe a realização de escavações materiais – no sentido da descrição e resgate de imagens e documentos sobre os observáveis e memoriais – para autenticação de devires tecnoculturais que podem ser percebidos nessas obras. Nesse movimento, são propostas quatro camadas de audiovisualidades narrativas: caminhantes, urbanas, locativas e guiadas. Em articulação, estas camadas dão a ver estéticas de conectividades híbridas que seguem sustentando lógicas de desafio ao estatuto das imagens técnicas.
Hoya Saxa: An Interview with Dean Stephen Ray Mitchell
Authors: Chervu Nikhil , Saxon David 
Published: April 2021

I recently sat down with Stephen Ray Mitchell, MD, MBA, MACP, FAAP, FACR, the Joseph Butenas Professor of Medical Education and Dean of medical education at Georgetown University School of Medicine. In October 2019, it was announced that Dr. Mitchell’s tenure as Dean of medical education, which began in May 2002, would end on June 30, 2020. In addition to his numerous accomplishments and improvements to the School of Medicine, he is a beloved teacher, friend, and colleague to students, faculty, and staff alike. I was privileged enough to talk to him about his voyage to medicine, time as Dean, and plans for the future.
Uncommon Schools: Citizen-Centric Institutions of Higher Education and the Development of Democratic Professionals
Authors: Dzur Albert W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
What does it mean, today, to extend university knowledge to the general public, to empower citizens and communities through higher education? Academics face daunting public skepticism about the overweening power of the educated professional. Conventional ideas of academic professionalism are rooted in a more trusting era in which a “social trustee” model achieved prominence in medicine, law, governance, and education. This way of being a professional embodies a commitment to public service, and it is not intended to disempower, yet it has unintentionally marginalized by furthering epistemic, legal, and normative distinctions between professional and lay citizen knowledge and capability. These distinctions are built into training, institutional practice, and professional self-understandings, all of which can foster social distance and lay skepticism. However, a different, “democratic professionalism,” model is emerging in a number of fields to forge more horizontal linkages with lay people. Such linkages have historical precedent and were evident in nineteenth-century lyceum practices that illustrate the ways that knowledge can be co-produced rather than steered by academic institutions. To be a citizen-centric institution, the university must encourage the education of democratic professionals in a range of fields and use in-reach, action research, and other collaborative methods to involve lay citizens more substantively in knowledge production.
Slow Release Fertilizer has no Effect on Soil and Plant Nitrogen and Fruit Yield in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Díaz-Pérez Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2021

Aims: To evaluate the effects of combining slow release fertilizer (SRF) with conventional N fertilizer on the levels of soil nitrogen (N), leaf N, and yield of bell pepper plants.
Study Design: The design was a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement. There were four treatments [2 N fertilizers x 2 N rates (200 kg/ha N and 280 kg/ha N)] and four replications. The N fertilizers treatments were calcium nitrate + SRF and calcium nitrate (CN) alone as the control. The rate treatments were 200 and 280 kg/ha N.
Place and Duration of Study: Horticulture Farm, Department of Horticulture, Tifton Campus, University of Georgia, spring of 2008.
Methodology: Bell pepper ‘Heritage’ (Harris Moran, Modesto, Calif., U.S.) transplants were planted on 10 Apr. 2008 in two rows of plants per bed, with a distance between plants of 0.30 m. Soil and leaf nitrogen and other nutrients were monitored during the season.
Results: There were no consistent differences in the concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N at both 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm soil depth between CN + SRF and CN alone. Leaf N concentrations 40 DAT and 68 DAT were higher in plants fertilized with CN + SRF compared to the control, while there were no differences in leaf N concentration 98 DAT. Leaf N concentration was increased at the highest N fertilization rate. Marketable and total fruit yields and individual fruit weight were unaffected by fertilizer treatment and N rate.
Conclusion: Utilization of a slow-release fertilizer (combined with calcium nitrate) had no benefit in reducing soil N losses or in increasing leaf N status and bell pepper fruit yields.
Effects of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Stereospermum kunthianum on Carbon Tetrachloride - Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Jada Mahmoud Suleiman , Sulaiman Mohammed Aliyu , Abdulmalik Muktar 
Published: April 2021

Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of the aqueous stem bark extract of Stereospermum kunthianum on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Methodology: Analysis of qualitative phytochemical components and antioxidant activity were carried out. Experimental rats were randomly divided into six groups of five rats each. Group 1: served as the normal control group. Group 2: was administered with CCl4 only at a dose of 3 ml/kg b.wt by single intraperitoneal administration. Group 3: served as the standard control group. Group 4: was administered with 200 mg/kg b.wt of the aqueous stem bark extract + CCl4. Group 5: was administered with 400 mg/kg b.wt of the aqueous stem bark extract + CCl4. Group 6: was administered with 600 mg/kg b.wt of the aqueous stem bark extract+ CCl4.
Results: The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoid, phenols, saponins, and terpenoid while tannins and alkaloids were absent. The antioxidant activity showed that the extract significantly (P<0.05) inhibits Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), giving high activity as the concentration of the extract increases. The elevated levels of ALT and AST coupled with Conjugated bilirubin, Total bilirubin, and total protein caused by CCl4 administration were all reduced significantly (P<0.05) by the extract in dose dependent manner.
Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that stem bark extract of Stereospernmum kunthianum could be an alternative medication for liver injury.
Comparative Efficacy of Antidermatophyte Creams Formulated from Ethanol Extracts of Cassia Occidentalis and Cassia Alata Leaves
Authors: Oyedeji F. O. , Fawehinmi A. B. , Etatuvie S. O. , Lawal Hassan 
Published: April 2021

Incidence of drug resistance by dermatophytes is a worldwide concern. Researchers search for natural and better drugs to arrest the ugly situation. This study aims to formulate antidermatophyte Creams with ethanol extracts of the leaves of cassia alata and cassia occidentalis against four selected dermatophytes namely Trichophyton mentagrophtes, Microsporum audounii, Epidermophyton floccosum and Malassezia furfur. Wistar rats were used in determining the efficacy of the formulated herbal creams by examining the biopsies of the skin of the infected rats for presence of fungal hyphae, tissue destruction, Inflammation of the skin, absence of sebaceous gland and also absence of hair follicles. Dekeratinization of the skin layer was also measured. From the result obtained, it was observed that the efficacy of the creams is concentration dependent. Cassia alata cream formulation was particularly effective against three of the dermatophytes namelyTrichophyton mentagrophtes (30.71± 0.51 µm) Microsporum audounii (36.17± 0.59 µm), and Epidermophyton floccosum (37.49± 0.18 µm) while Cassia occidentalis cream was effective against Malassezia furfur (33.22± 0.16 µm). The results showed that the plants ethanol extracts can be utilized in the management of dermatophytosis when formulated as a cream for topical use.
Mass Spectrometry and Drug Discovery
Authors: van Breemen Richard B. , Newsome Andrew G. , Dahl Jeffrey H. , Muchiri Ruth N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMass spectrometry has become an essential analytical tool at every stage of the drug discovery and development process. Although mass spectrometry is essential for the characterization of biologics such as therapeutic antibodies and RNA‐based therapeutic agents, this article focuses on small molecule drugs. Applications of mass spectrometry to drug discovery include support for combinatorial chemistry, mass spectrometry‐based high‐throughput screening, and lead optimization. In the case of natural products, mass spectrometry facilitates rapid and accurate activity screening, characterization, dereplication, and identification of active compounds. Mass spectrometry provides rapid, reliable, sensitive, and selective analysis of combinatorial libraries for structure confirmation, purity analysis, and library deconvolution. In addition, mass spectrometric screening methods have been developed and applied to drug discovery and development. In support of drug development, high‐throughput LC‐MS methods have become routine for solubility and bioavailability testing and metabolite screening to ensure that only high‐quality lead compounds are advanced to expensive clinical testing.
Chirality and Drug Discovery
Authors: Hagen Timothy J. , Helgren Travis R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe relationship between chirality and biological is extremely important to the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical areas as evidenced by the number of single enantiomer new drugs that have been developed and approved. This article covers several areas of importance for the design and synthesis of novel small molecules drugs to medicinal chemists. The chirality includes atropisomers and the impact of these chiral molecules and their biological implications are discussed. In addition to chirality at carbon, examples of chiral compounds involving chirality at non‐carbon atoms are included. A section titled “chiral switch” covers recent drug development and marketed of single enantiomers.
Combinatorial Chemistry and Its Associated Technologies
Authors: Klus Nicholas J. , Mitscher Lester A. , Aubé Jeffrey 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry comprises a range of technologies used to produce compound collections, known as “libraries,” which may be used to identify biologically useful compounds. These techniques include synthesis of compounds as mixtures, parallel synthesis of unique organic compounds, display technologies, and technologies needed for handling and using compound libraries. The article describes the principles of library construction with special interest in those that have demonstrated practicality and success in producing biologically relevant molecules. Where relevant, practical concerns of techniques are discussed and selected applications described.
Drug Transport and Membrane Transport Proteins
Authors: Welch Matthew , Swaan Peter W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In order to exert their intended therapeutic goal, drugs need to cross epithelial barriers to reach their site of action. Transport proteins have critical physiological roles in nutrient absorption and transport of endogenous compounds. These systems can serve as useful pharmacological targets and may be utilized as a mechanism to increase drug absorption. However, there is little understanding of these proteins at the molecular level due to their resistance to crystallization.
In vitro
and computational approaches have been applied to gain some insight into these transporters and their substrate specificities. This represents an opportunity for optimizing molecules as substrates for solute transporters and providing a further screening system for drug discovery. This article will demonstrate that future growth in knowledge of transporter function will be led by integrated
in vitro
and
in silico
approaches.
Large‐Scale Synthesis
Authors: Cole Kevin P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Large‐scale synthesis enables drug discovery, clinical development, and commercialization for new small molecule medicines. Several key disciplines collaborate to develop and define chemical processes, and ensure that they are suitable for large‐scale manufacturing activities. This article will discuss how new drugs transition from the medicinal chemistry laboratory, to kilo‐scale facilities, to pilot, and eventually to commercial scale. Important topics along the way include route selection, process safety, environmental considerations, equipment and facility types, scale‐dependent phenomenon, continuous processing, outsourcing, development models, and regulatory considerations. The article concludes with recent two case studies that highlight some of the topics covered and exemplify the power of process development and large‐scale production for modern small molecule drugs.
Hematopoietic Agents
Authors: Hoggatt Jonathan , Datari Shruti , Pelus Louis M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigher organisms maintain adequate numbers of blood cells to meet the normal physiological requirements of blood cell turnover as well as respond to needs for increased demand (e.g. infection). This lifelong process of continuous formation and turnover of blood cells is termed “hematopoiesis” and is regulated in both stochastic and instructive fashion.
Estrogen Receptor Modulators
Authors: Rosales Carlo I. , Gutgesell Lauren M. , Ratia Kiira M. , Thatcher Gregory R.J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe estrogen receptor (ER) has historically played and continues to play a prominent role in drug discovery as a target for medicinal chemists. The first targeted cancer therapy was directed at ERα and the first clinical drug that is a proteolysis targeting small molecule is also an ER ligand used to treat metastatic breast cancer. The last decade has been described as a renaissance in the medicinal chemistry of endocrine therapy, therefore, this article focuses on design of small molecule ERα ligands for treatment of hormone‐dependent breast cancer. As our understanding of the role of ER in resistance to endocrine therapy increases, further opportunities will be presented for medicinal chemists to design therapeutic agents for metastatic disease. Beyond breast cancer, ER, whether nuclear or extranuclear remains largely unexploited as a target for small molecule drug design, which is partly explained by the complexity of the underlying biology and partly by the cooling influence of the initial Women's Health Initiative outcomes on estrogen replacement therapy. Old and new concepts of ligand binding and signal transduction by ER are presented to stimulate the interests of medicinal chemists; accompanied by a catalogue of newer small molecule ligands reported in the literature and their interactions with ER.
Essential Micronutrients: Vitamins and Essential Fatty Acids
Authors: H. Block John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Biochemical processes cannot operate without what traditionally are called vitamins. The cell membranes cannot be maintained and production of crucial cytokines cannot occur without the two essential fatty acids. Vitamins have a variety of functions with some having dual roles ranging from regulators of cell division, structural components of key tissues, coenzymes, and antioxidants Vitamins A and D have provided the medicinal chemist with the basic structure to develop pharmacologically active molecules indicated for a variety of diseases. Some of the vitamins are toxic when taken in excess and have defined tolerable upper intake levels. Long‐chain fatty acids are essential because of human's inability to introduce double bonds on the third or sixth carbon from the terminal end of the chain. Linoleic acid is the precursor to prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, and lipoxins, and α‐linolenic acid is the precursor of long‐chain acids that are components of lipid membranes. Recent meta‐analyses and recent double blind studies on large numbers of human subjects indicate that taking vitamin and fatty acid supplements appear to not be beneficial providing a balanced diet is consumed.
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ghoneim Ola A.M. , Booth Raymond G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This article summarizes the neurobiology of Parkinson's disease and medicinal chemistry relevant to treatment of this neurodegenerative disorder with neuropsychiatric complications. The article also surveys basic clinical features of Parkinson's disease, its neuropathophysiology and etiology. Considered are genetic, maturational, metabolic, and environmental contributors to risk for the disease. Pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease includes
l
‐dopa to counter cerebral dopamine deficiency, direct dopaminergic agonists, and agents that prolong the actions of
l
‐dopa or dopamine by preventing their metabolism by peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, catechol‐
O
‐methyltransferase, or monoamine oxidase. Additional drugs acting on nondopaminergic systems include muscarinic acetylcholine, adenosine, and
l
‐glutamate antagonists, as well as serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) agonists. Agents used to diagnose Parkinson's disease and monitor its progression include radioactive compounds used to image brain
l
‐dopa and dopamine neurotransporters and dopamine receptors. Finally, potential contributions are considered of medicinal chemistry to improve pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease.