bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Long-term Evolution and Predictors of Sequelae of Ebola Virus Disease Survivors in Guinea: A 48-Month Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study (PostEboGui)
Authors: Diallo Mamadou Saliou Kalifa , Toure Abdoulaye , Sow Mamadou Saliou , Kpamou Cécé , Keita Alpha Kabinet , Taverne Bernard , Peeters Martine , Msellati Philippe , Barry Thierno Alimou , Etard Jean-Francois , Ecochard René , Delaporte Eric ,   PostEboGui Study Group, Ayouba Ahidjo , Baize Sylvain , Bangoura Kaba , Barry Alimou , Barry Moumié , Cissé Mamoudou , Cissé Mohammed , Delaporte Eric , Delfraissy Jean-François , Delmas Christelle , Desclaux Alice , Bella Diallo Saliou , Safiatou Diallo Mamadou , Sadjo Diallo Mariama , Étard Jean-François , Etienne Cécile , Faye Ousmane , Fofana Ibrahima , Granouillac Bruno , Izard Suzanne , Kassé Djenaba , Kabinet Keita Alpha , Keita Sakoba , Koivogui Lamine , Kpamou Cécé , Lacarabaratz Christine , Levy Marchal Claire , Levy Yves , Magassouba N’Fally , March Laura , Mendiboure Vincent , Msellati Philippe , Niane Harissatou , Peeters Martine , Pers Yves-Marie , Raoul Hervé , Lamine Sacko Sidi , Savané Ibrahima , Saliou Sow Mamadou , Taverne Bernard , Touré Abdoulaye , Amara Traoré Fodé , Traoré Falaye , Youla Yamoussa , Yazdanpanah Yazdan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLongitudinal analyses are needed to better understand long-term Ebola virus disease (EVD) sequelae. We aimed to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and duration of sequelae and to identify risk factors associated with symptom occurrence among EVD survivors in Guinea.MethodsWe followed 802 EVD survivors over 48 months and recorded clinical symptoms with their start/end dates. Prevalence, incidence, and duration of sequelae were calculated. Risk factors associated with symptom occurrence were assessed using an extended Cox model for recurrent events.ResultsOverall, the prevalence and incidence of all symptoms decreased significantly over time, but sequelae remained present 48 months after Ebola treatment center discharge with a prevalence of 30.68% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.40–39.96) for abdominal, 30.55% (95% CI 20.68–40.41) for neurologic, 5.80% (95% CI 1.96–9.65) for musculoskeletal, and 4.24% (95% CI 2.26–6.23) for ocular sequelae. Half of all patients (50.70%; 95% CI 47.26–54.14) complained of general symptoms 2 years’ postdischarge and 25.35% (95% CI 23.63–27.07) 4 years’ post-discharge. Hemorrhage (hazard ratio [HR], 2.70; P = .007), neurologic (HR 2.63; P = .021), and general symptoms (HR 0.34; P = .003) in the EVD acute phase were significantly associated with the further occurrence of ocular sequelae, whereas hemorrhage (HR 1.91; P = .046) and abdominal (HR 2.21; P = .033) symptoms were significantly associated with musculoskeletal sequelae.ConclusionsOur findings provide new insight into the long-term clinical complications of EVD and their significant association with symptoms in the acute phase, thus reinforcing the importance of regular, long-term follow-up for EVD survivors.
The rise of self-employment in the UK: entrepreneurial transmission or declining job quality?
Authors: Henley Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The UK has experienced very significant growth in self-employment since the financial crisis. The self-employed are at higher risk of income volatility while facing lower levels of social insurance. Individual transitions into self-employment may be driven by a range of factors, both ‘pull’ and ‘push’. This paper proposes a re-evaluation of the evidence on whether private sector business organizations stimulate entrepreneurial transmission amongst their employees. In the UK context rising self-employment may reflect the consequences of flexibilization and falling job quality, rather than outright job loss. Previous research has focused mainly on the subjective notion of job satisfaction to identify the level of attachment the future self-employed have to their current employer. Quantitative analysis is undertaken using large scale British longitudinal survey data. The paper extends this work to show that organizational (dis)attachment is evidenced in a range of extrinsic indicators of job quality, providing explanatory information beyond intrinsic job satisfaction. Specifically, the paper shows that the impact of training on self-employment entry depends asymmetrically on the source of that training. Finally, the paper argues that reduced attachment provides an alternative explanation for any ‘entrepreneurial transmission’ effect, through which employees, particularly those in smaller organizations, are more likely to enter self-employment. However, anticipated improvement in the experience of work from choosing self-employment is seen to be somewhat illusory, speaking to growing concerns about the impact of the growth of the gig economy.
Political Activism and the Provision of Dynamic Incentives: Growing the Pie in the Battle for Redistribution
Authors: Camous Antoine , Cooper Russell 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the determination of income taxes in a dynamic setting with human capital accumulation. The goal is to understand the factors that support an outcome without complete redistribution, given a majority of relatively poor agents and the inability to commit to future taxes. All agents agree ex ante that limiting tax and transfers is beneficial but a majority favours large redistribution, ex post, at the time of the vote. In a political influence game, group activism limits the support for expropriatory taxation and preserves incentives. In some cases, the outcome corresponds to the optimal allocation under commitment.
Differences in life expectancy between men and women after aortic valve replacement
Authors: Hernandez-Vaquero Daniel , Rodriguez-Caulo Emiliano , Vigil-Escalera Carlota , Blanco-Herrera Oscar , Berastegui Elisabet , Arias-Dachary Javier , Souaf Souhayla , Parody Gertrudis , Laguna Gregorio , Adsuar Alejandro , Castellá Manel , Valderrama José F. , Pulitani Ivana , Cánovas Sergio , Ferreiro Andrea , García-Valentín Antonio , Carnero Manuel , Pareja Pilar , Corrales José A. , Blázquez José A. , Macías Diego , Fletcher-Sanfeliu Delfina , Martínez Daniel , Martín Elio , Martín Miren , Margarit Juan , Hernández-Estefanía Rafael , Monguió Emilio , Otero Juan , Silva Jacobo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Some researchers have observed an increased number of deaths during the follow-up of young patients who undergo aortic valve replacement due to severe aortic stenosis, suggesting that this procedure does not restore their life expectancy. Our goal was to confirm these findings and explore sex-based differences.

METHODS
All patients between 50 and 65 years of age who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement in 27 Spanish centres during an 18-year period were included. We compared observed and expected survival at 15 years of follow-up and estimated the cumulative incidence of death from a competing risks point of view. We stratified by sex and analysed if being a woman was an independent risk factor for death.

RESULTS
For men, the observed survival at 10 and 15 years of follow-up was 85% [95% confidence interval (CI) 83.6%–86.4%] and 72.3% (95% CI 69.7%–74.7%), respectively whereas the expected survival was 88.1% and 78.8%. For women, the observed survival at 10 and 15 years was 85% (95% CI 82.8%–86.9%) and 73% (95% CI 69.1%–76.4%), whereas the expected survival was 94.6% and 89.4%. At 15 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of death due to the disease in men and women was 8.2% and 16.7%, respectively. In addition, being a woman was an independent risk factor for death (hazard ratio = 1.23 (95% CI 1.02–1.48; P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
After the aortic valve replacement, men and women do not have their life expectancy restored, but this loss is much higher in women than in men. In addition, being a woman is a risk factor for long-term death. Reasons for these findings are unknown and must be investigated.
What is Fascism and Where does it Come From?
Authors: Eley Geoff 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
How might histories of fascism in interwar Europe help us today? Languages of ‘fascism’ are now constantly in play – as warning and slogan; as emotional rallying-point; as rhetorics of recognition and abuse; as a boundary of legitimate politics – but rarely as carefully informed argument. For effective politics, we need historically grounded analysis that can avert tendentious and direct linkages that may be emotionally satisfying, but stop short of showing how fascism builds its appeal. What makes it seem a desirable ‘extra-systemic’ solution, as an alternative to the practices of democratic constitutionalism? What kind of crisis brings fascism onto the agenda?
Heat Waves, Climate Change, and Economic Output
Authors: Miller Steve , Chua Kenn , Coggins Jay , Mohtadi Hamid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate change is likely to affect economies not only through warming, but also via an increase in prolonged extreme events like heat waves. However, the impacts of heat waves on economic output are not well captured by standard empirical approaches that ignore when hot days occur. Using a global dataset spanning 1979–2016, we show agricultural losses from past heat waves are up to an order of magnitude larger than suggested by standard approaches. Combining these estimates with a suite of climate models implies that by the end of the century, climate damages in agriculture may be 5–10 times larger than is predicted by a focus on mean temperature shifts alone. These findings have important implications for targeting and evaluating climate adaptation efforts.
O Brother, Where Start Thou? Sibling Spillovers on College and Major Choice in Four Countries
Authors: Altmejd Adam , Barrios-Fernández Andrés , Drlje Marin , Goodman Joshua , Hurwitz Michael , Kovac Dejan , Mulhern Christine , Neilson Christopher , Smith Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFamily and social networks are widely believed to influence important life decisions, but causal identification of those effects is notoriously challenging. Using data from Chile, Croatia, Sweden, and the United States, we study within-family spillovers in college and major choice across a variety of national contexts. Exploiting college-specific admissions thresholds that directly affect older but not younger siblings’ college options, we show that in all four countries a meaningful portion of younger siblings follow their older sibling to the same college or college-major combination. Older siblings are followed regardless of whether their target and counterfactual options have large, small, or even negative differences in quality. Spillover effects disappear, however, if the older sibling drops out of college, suggesting that older siblings’ college experiences matter. That siblings influence important human capital investment decisions across such varied contexts suggests that our findings are not an artifact of particular institutional detail but a more generalizable description of human behavior. Causal links between the postsecondary paths of close peers may partly explain persistent college enrollment inequalities between social groups, and this suggests that interventions to improve college access may have multiplier effects.
DETERMINATION OF RA-226, TH-232, K-40 AND CS-137 ACTIVITIES IN SOILS AND BEACH SANDS AND RELATED EXTERNAL GAMMA DOSES IN ARIKLI MINERALIZATION AREA (AYVACIK/TURKEY)
Authors: Top Gülcan , Örgün Yüksel , Ayazlı Ismail Ercüment , Belivermiş Murat , Karacık Zekiye , Kampfl Györgyi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Uranium mineralization areas may jeopardize public health and surrounding natural life. In the current study for radioactivity and geochemical analyses, 43 soil, 5 rock and 10 beach sand samples were collected in and around Arıklı (Ayvacık, Turkey) uranium mineralization area. Radioactivity levels in the soils (up to Ra-226: 629, Th-232: 240, K-40: 3669 Bq/kg) were found higher than the that of beach sands. Besides, radioactivity of the beach sand samples is found at normal levels (avg: Ra-226: 31, Th-232: 31, K-40: 542 Bq/kg) when compared to worldwide average soil. Dose values indicate that the region have ~three times higher average gamma radioactivity than the corresponding world average although measured gamma doses ranged up to 687 nGy/h. The high measured values are related to uranium mineralization, alteration zones, faults and Arıklı tuff.
Homocysteine-induced neural tube defects in chick embryos via oxidative stress and DNA methylation associated transcriptional down-regulation of miR-124
Authors: Wang Rui , Han Zhong-Ji , Song Ge , Cui Yi , Xia Hong-Fei , Ma Xu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although moderate homocysteine (HCY) elevation is associated with neural tube defects (NTDs), the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate that whether HCY-induced NTDs were associated with oxidative stress and methyl metabolism in chick embryos. The potential role of miR-124 in neurogenesis was also investigated. In this study, increased intracellular oxidative species and alterations in DNA methylation were observed following HCY treatment. This alteration coincided with decreases of Mn superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, as well as the expression of anti-rabbit DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and 3a. In addition, HCY induced significant decreases of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) (P &lt; 0.05). N-acetyl-L-cysteine and choline ameliorated global DNA hypomethylation induced by HCY. MiR-124 levels were significantly suppressed by HCY (P &lt; 0.05), while elevated by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). MiR-124 knockdown resulted in spina bifida occulta. Our research suggests that HCY-induced NTDs were associated with oxidative stress and methyl metabolism in chick embryos. MiR-124 down-regulation may occur via epigenetic mechanisms and contribute to HCY-induced NTDs in chick embryo models.
Increasing temperature alters the within-host competition of viral strains and influences virus genetic variability
Authors: Alcaide Cristina , Sardanyés Josep , Elena Santiago F , Gómez Pedro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Environmental conditions can affect viral accumulation, virulence and adaptation, which have implications in the disease outcomes and efficiency of control measures. Concurrently, mixed viral infections are relevant in plants, being their epidemiology shaped by within-host virus–virus interactions. However, the extent in which the combined effect of variations in abiotic components of the plant ecological niche and the prevalence of mixed infections affect the evolutionary dynamics of viral populations is not well understood. Here, we explore the interplay between ecological and evolutionary factors during viral infections and show that isolates of two strains of Pepino mosaic potexvirus coexisted in tomato plants in a temperature-dependent continuum between neutral and antagonistic interactions. After a long-term infection, the mutational analysis of the evolved viral genomes revealed strain-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were modulated by the interaction between the type of infection and temperature. These results suggest that the temperature is an ecological driver of virus-virus interactions, with an effect on the genetic diversity of individual viruses that are co-infecting an individual host. This research provides insights into the effect that changes in host growth temperatures might have on the evolutionary dynamics of viral populations in mixed infections.
Assessing the Effect of Phenotyping Scoring Systems and SNP Calling and Filtering Parameters on Detection of QTL Associated with Reaction of Brassica napus to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Shahoveisi Fereshteh , Oladzad Atena , del Río Mendoza Luis E. , Hosseinirad Seyedali , Ruud Susan , Rissato Bruna 
Published: February 2021

The polyploid nature of canola (Brassica napus) represents a challenge for the accurate identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL). In this study, combinations of eight phenotyping scoring systems and six SNP calling and filtering parameters were evaluated for their efficiency in detection of QTL associated with response to Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, in two doubled haploid canola mapping populations. Most QTL were detected in lesion length, relative areas under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) for lesion length, and binomial-plant mortality data sets. Binomial data derived from lesion size were less efficient in QTL detection. Inclusion of additional phenotypic sets to the analysis increased the numbers of significant QTL by 2.3-fold; however, the continuous data sets were more efficient. Between two filtering parameters used to analyze genotyping-by-sequencing data, imputation of missing data increased QTL detection in one population with a high level of missing data but not in the other. Inclusion of segregation-distorted SNPs increased QTL detection but did not impact their R2 values significantly. In all, 12 of 16 detected QTL were on chromosomes A02 and C01, and the rest were on A07, A09, and C03. Marker A02-7594120, associated with a QTL on chromosome A02, was detected in both populations. Results of this study suggest that the impact of genotypic variant calling and filtering parameters may be population dependent while deriving additional phenotyping scoring systems such as rAUDPC datasets and mortality binary may improve QTL detection efficiency. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Effect of treatment with Victoza® on cafeteria induced‐obese rats.
Authors: Scomparin Dionizia , Xavier João , Mendonça Felipe , da Silva Makcine , Lima Priscila , Kanunfre Carla 
Published: February 2021

Metabolic syndrome is a condition that individuals develop cardiovascular health, diabetes and others complicationsThe dramatic rise in the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased mortality, morbidity as well as public health care expenses worldwide. The GLP1 is a class of incretins secreted by intestine that improve insulin secretion. The objective was evaluating the effect of treatment with Victoza® on cafeteria induced‐obese rats. The rats were divided in two groups: Control (animals that received chow diet) and DIET (animals that to 30th received cafeteria diet until 90th). Ten days before de experimental process the animals was divided in two groups again: CON GLP1 and DIET GLP1 (animals DIET that received subcutaneous injections of Victoza® 0,0077 mg/day during 10 days).The weight of fats are showed in table 1.

Fats
Normal Con
Normal Diet
Con GLP1
Diet GLP1

Retroperitoneal fat pad
8,01±0,93*
11,93±1,34
6,14±0,52
12,9±1,36

Periepidydimal fat pad
5,31±0,66*
10,92±1,16
4,66±0,50
10,46±1,36

mesenteric fat pad
4,06±0,46*†
9,64±1,42
2,64±0,33
6,21±1,0

The blood data showed that the cafeteria diet caused increased blood glucose levels, showed in figure 1.imageThe cafeteria diet also promoted increased triglycerides and treatment with Victoza® decreased in the Con GLP1 and Diet GLP1 groups being more significant in the diet group.imagePreliminary results showed treatment with Victoza® caused an increase in basal NO production of peritoneal macrophage for both control and diet groups, in opposites reduce the basal ROS production. In conclusion ours results showed that treatment of Victoza® causes reduction in glycemia and triglycerides and alters macrophages functions.These findings are of great importance since obesity is the major risk factor for several chronic diseases.
Association Between Postoperative Fever and Readmission Rates in Lumbar Fusion Patients
Authors: Stricsek Geoffrey P. , Montenegro Thiago S. , Gonzalez Glenn A. , Singh Akash , Harrop Catriona , Harrop James 
Published: February 2021

Study Design:
This is a retrospective observational study.

Objective:
This study evaluates the impact of postoperative fever on the rate of readmission among lumbar fusion patients.

Summary of Background Data:
Postoperative fever is a common event across surgical specialties that often triggers an extensive work-up that can significantly increase hospital costs and length of stay, although the results are usually negative for infection. There is a paucity of literature studying postoperative fever in lumbar fusion patients.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective chart review of all the patients who underwent elective posterior lumbar spinal fusion from January, 2018 to November, 2018 was conducted. Fever was defined as a temperature >100.4ºF. Patients were categorized into 4 groups based on their highest recorded temperature postoperatively. The association between demographic variables, tests ordered per patient, length of stay, and readmission rates per group were analyzed using a t test, and 1-way analysis of variance for continuous outcomes, and the Fisher exact test for categorical variables.

Results:
Of 107 patients, 58% had no fever recorded, 17.75% had temperatures between 100.5 and 100.90ºF, 18.69% temperatures between 101 and 101.90ºF, and 4.67% of patients temperatures equal or higher than 102.0ºF. The number of tests per patient increase with the range of temperatures analyzed (P<0.01), but the rate of readmission of all the 4 groups are not significantly different (0.107). There is no significant difference in the number of febrile episodes per day between patients who were and who were not readmitted (0.209).

Conclusions:
A diagnostic testing policy guided by clinician assessment of symptoms and physical exam may limit unnecessary testing and reduce hospital length of stay and cost without sacrificing patient safety.