bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute cardiac side effects after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, a case series
Authors: Freise Noemi F. , Kivel Milena , Grebe Olaf , Meyer Christian , Wafaisade Bahram , Peiper Matthias , Zeus Tobias , Schmidt Jan , Neuwahl Judith , Jazmati Danny , Luedde Tom , Bölke Edwin , Feldt Torsten , Jensen Björn Erik Ole , Bode Johannes , Keitel Verena , Haussmann Jan , Tamaskovics Balint , Budach Wilfried , Fischer Johannes C. , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Schneider Marion , Gerber Peter Arne , Pedoto Alessia , Häussinger Dieter , Griensven Martijn , Rezazadeh Amir , Flaig Yechan , Kirchner Julian , Antoch Gerald , Schelzig Hubert , Matuschek Christiane 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Since development and approval of the world´s first mRNA vaccines, created under pressure of the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, potential side effects have naturally been a much-debated topic. Vaccination may be one, if not the only way out of the pandemic claiming more than 4 million deaths worldwide to date. Potential side effects from vaccination have long been controversial, and case reports of fatal side effects have been published. Therefore, data are needed to identify persons being at high risk for potential side effects. Until September 30, 2021, 1.243 cases of myocarditis after vaccination with BNT162b2 Comirnaty© in young adults were registered by the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute in Germany alone. The exact pathophysiology and the risk factors for myocarditis following vaccination remain unclear. We present a case series of eight patients with cardiac symptom shortly after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (BNT162b6, Biontech, Comirnaty© or mRNA-1237 Moderna, Spikevax©).Patients and Methods: Eight patients between 13-56 years of age, vaccinated with mRNA vaccine either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 between January and August 2021 developed cardiac side effects shortly after either their first or second vaccination. Clinical data were retrieved from the clinical information system and analyzed. To support diagnosis of myocarditis or pericarditis, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed shortly after onset of symptoms and investigated further in severe cases. Symptoms were defined as dyspnea, chest pain, cardiac arrhythmia as determined by electrocardiography.Results: Eight patients (five males and three females) developed cardiac symptoms compatible with myocarditis according to CDC criteria shortly after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Three patients (two males, one female) required hospitalization due to severe chest pain and elevated troponin levels. All patients recovered fully within seven days after symptom onset Conclusion: Our data suggest that cardiac adverse events such as myocarditis or pericarditis shortly after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination are rare but possible and occur particularly in male patients.
Echinacoside Improves Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting Aβ Deposition Through the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/PPARγ Signaling Pathways in APP/PS1 Mice
Authors: qiu hui , liu min xue 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH), a phenylethanoid glycoside, has protective activity in neurodegenerative disease, including anti-inflammation and antioxidation. However, the effects of ECH in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are not very clear. This present study investigates the role and mechanism of ECH in the pathological process of AD. APP/PS1 mice were treated with ECH in 50 mg/kg/d for 3 months. Morris water maze, nesting test and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe whether ECH could improve AD pathology. Western blot was used to study the mechanism of ECH improving AD pathology. The results showed that ECH alleviated the memory impairment of APP/PS1 mice by reducing the time of escape latency as well as increasing the times of crossing the platform and rescued the impaired ability to construct nests. In addition, ECH significantly reduced the deposition of senile plaques in the brain and decreased the expression of BACE1 in APP/PS1 mice through activating PI3K/AKT/ Nrf2/PPARγ pathway. Furthermore, ECH decreased ROS formation, GP91 and 8-OHdG expression, upregulated the expression of SOD1 and SOD2 as well as activating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Moreover, ECH inhibited glia cells activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and TNF-α release, NLRP3 inflammasome formation through TXNIP/Trx-1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, this paper reported that ECH improved cognitive function, inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response in AD. Therefore, we suggest that ECH may be considered as a potential drug for AD treatment.
Vitrification Cryo-Foil for Apple Cryopreservation and the Seesaw Effect Between Shoot Recovery and Virus Eradication
Authors: Wang Min-Rui , Bao Jun-Hua , Ma Xiao-Yan , Xie Ling-Ling , Zhu Li-Ying , Liu Mei-Zi , Lu Xian , Zhang Dong , Wang Qiao-Chun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Improvements of existing cryopreservation protocols are necessary to facilitate long-term preservation of plant germplasm and the cryotherapy-effect of pathogen eradication. This study reported a vitrification (V) cryo-foil/plate methods for cryopreservation of shoot tips and cryotherapy effect in ‘Pink Lady’ apple. In V cryo-foil/plate protocols, shoot tips were first attached onto aluminum foils/plates using calcium alginate before other procedures. Shoot tips cryopreserved by V cryo-foil required 6.1 weeks to fully recover and 53% of shoot regrowth was obtained, comparable to the Dv cryopreservation. Similar regrowth levels were produced between applying V cryo-foil and Dv cryopreservation to another 4 Malus genotypes. Histological observations in shoot tips cryopreserved by Dv and V cryo-foil found only those with surviving apical dome and leaf primordia (LPs) could recover after cryopreservation. In apical meristem of shoot tips cryopreserved by Dv and V cryo-foil, higher surviving probability was detected from the V cryo-foil protocol, and the young LPs showed the highest level of surviving. Virus detection in cryo-derived plants showed apple stem grooving virus and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus were all preserved after cryopreservation, and higher eradication efficiency of apple stem pitting virus (70%) was produced by Dv than the 55% of V cryo-foil. These results supported applying V cryo-foil as an improvement to the widely applied Dv method in shoot tip cryopreservation, and also revealed a seesaw mode between shoot recovery and cryotherapy effect. Once the seesaw moves to increase the recovery after cryopreservation, the cryotherapy-effect on the other side would be decreased.
Phase Retrieval Based on Deep Learning in Grating Interferometer
Authors: Oh Ohsung , Kim Youngju , Kim Daeseung , Hussey Daniel. S. , Lee Seung Wook 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Grating interferometry is a promising technique to obtain differential phase contrast images with illumination source of low intrinsic transverse coherence. However, retrieving the phase contrast image from the differential phase contrast image is difficult due to the accumulated noise and artifacts from the differential phase contrast image (DPCI) reconstruction. In this paper, we implemented a deep learning-based phase retrieval method to suppress these artifacts. Conventional deep learning based denoising requires noisy-clean image pair, but it is not feasible to obtain sufficient number of clean images for grating interferometry. In this paper, we apply a recently developed neural network called Noise2Noise (N2N) that uses noise-noise image pairs for training. We obtained many differential phase contrast images through combination of phase stepping images, and these were used as noise input/target pairs for N2N training. The application of the N2N network to simulated and measured DPCI showed that the phase contrast images were retrieved with strongly suppressed phase retrieval artifacts. These results can be used in grating interferometer applications which uses phase stepping method.
The Effectiveness of Minor Procedure as the Management of Onychocryptosis in Community Podiatry Setting: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Teh Shu Xin , Bridgen Andrew , Ip Shek Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Onychocryptosis is a common and debilitating condition that often require surgical management. Despite this minor procedure being the most common and effective method in managing this condition, as well as being one of the essential services provided by Health Care Professional Council (HCPC) registered podiatrists, there is limited evidence around the effectiveness of this procedure in the community setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a non-invasive minor procedure for the management of onychocryptosis. Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken within the community podiatry department. All patients who underwent minor procedure for the management of onychocryptosis between June 2018 and December 2019 were included in this study. The data were collected from the electronic patient records using a comprehensive data collection tool. Recurrence rate and infection rate were calculated to determine the effectiveness of the minor procedure. Results: 354 minor procedures were performed on 272 patients presenting with onychocryptosis. The recurrence rate of nail regrowth following intervention was 5.6% (N=20). Patients <40 years old were more likely to experience a recurrence of nail regrowth following an intervention (N=16). The postoperative infection rate was 8.8% (N=31). Patients who had a partial nail avulsion procedure were more likely to experience postoperative infection compared to total nail avulsion.Conclusions: Although the management of onychocryptosis with this minor procedure is effective within the community podiatry department, incorporation of evaluation of patient satisfaction following this procedure is suggested within the recommendations. The limitations of this study have been highlighted and a mixed method research project is recommended to explore this area of specialty to improve patient outcome.
Exposure Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence During the First Eight Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Netherlands: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pagen Demi ME , Brinkhues Stephanie , Dukers-Muijrers Nicole HTM , Heijer Casper DJ den , Bouwmeester-Vincken Noortje , Hanssen Daniëlle AT , Loo Inge HM van , Savelkoul Paul HM , Hoebe Christian JPA 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe availability of valid SARS-CoV-2 serological tests overcome the problem of underestimated cumulative COVID-19 cases during the first months of the pandemic in The Netherlands. This enabled us to study a wide variety of demographic, behavioural and social exposure factors associated with seropositivity during the first eight months of the pandemic in Limburg, The Netherlands. MethodsSARS-CoV-2 point-seroprevalence was determined cross-sectionally to indicate previous infection in a convenience sample of 10,000 inhabitants of the study province. Possible exposure factors were mapped by means of an extensive questionnaire. Associated exposure factors were determined using uni- and multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsSeropositivity was established in 19.5% (n=1,948) of the 10,001 participants (on average 49 years old (SD=15; range 18-90 years), majority women (n=5,829; 58.3%). Exposure factors associated with seropositivity included current education, working in healthcare and not working from home, and being a member of three or four associations or clubs. Specifically for February-March 2020, visiting an après-ski bar during winter sports in Austria, travelling to Spain, celebrating carnival, and participating in a singing activity or ball sport were associated with seropositivity. ConclusionsOur results confirm that relevant COVID-19 exposure factors generally reflected circumstances where social distancing was impossible, and the number and duration of contacts was high, in particular for indoor activities.
Determinants of Intention and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Among the Urban Population: The Use of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Sima , Maheri Mina , Khalkhali Hamid Reza , Didarloo Alireza 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and Purpose: COVID-19 is a new viral disease that has led to a pandemic due to its high infectivity. Since many people do not have access to available vaccines, preventive behavior is the only way to fight the disease. Despite the great emphasis on preventive behaviors, many people do not follow them so that the etiology of this issue seems necessary; hence, the present study aimed to determine the predictors of intention and COVID-19 preventive behaviors using the theory of planned behavior.Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive-analytical and was conducted among individuals over 18 years of age living in Urmia. Samples were selected by snowball and convenience sampling. Data were collected using a valid and reliable electronic researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 4 sections (demographic characteristics, questions about knowledge, questions about constructs of the theory of planned behavior, and questions about COVID-19 preventive behaviors), and they were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods.Results: The results indicated a positive and statistically significant correlation between the COVID-19 preventive behaviors and constructs, namely the attitude (p<0.001, r=0.65), subjective norms (p<0.001, r=0.67), perceived behavioral control (p<0.001, r=0.72), and behavioral intention (p<0.001, r=0.76). Based on regression analyses, the constructs of the theory of planned behavior predicted a total of 65% of the variance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors and 73% of the variance of the behavioral intention. Among the constructs, behavioral intention (p<0.001, β=0.393) was the strongest predictor of behavior, and perceived behavioral control (p<0.001, β=0.546) was the strongest predictor of behavioral intention.Conclusion: The research results indicated the efficiency of the theory of planned behavior in predicting the COVID-19 preventive behaviors; hence, the theory and its effective constructs, especially behavioral intention, can be utilized in the development of educational programs and interventions to change the citizens' behavior towards COVID-19.
S100A6 Promotes Inflammation and Infiltration of Mononuclear/Macrophages via the p-P38 and p-JNK Pathways in Acute Liver Injury
Authors: Tong He , Wang Li , Zhang Kefan , Shi Jing , Wu yongshuai , Bao Yulong , wang changshan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe phagocytic S100 protein, which mediates inflammatory responses and recruits inflammatory cells to sites of tissue damage, has long been known to be expressed in cells of myeloid origin. S100A6 belongs to the A group of the S100 protein family of Ca2+-binding proteins. Currently, the mechanism by which S100A6 mediates the inflammatory response and recruits inflammatory cells to the tissue injury site is unknown.MethodsA mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) was established, and the transcriptomes of postinjury 2d and 5d liver tissues were sequenced. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in the supernatant of the liver. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the expression of S100A6 in the liver cells. In vitro experiments proved the pro-inflammatory function of S100A6, and western blotting (WB) showed that the pathways were activated. The transwell experiment showed the infiltration of mononuclear/macrophages.ResultsWe found that S100A6 is highly expressed in liver cells during the most severe period of ALI, suggesting that it acts as an endogenous danger signal and has a pro-inflammatory function. In vitro, the mouse S100A6 recombinant protein was used to stimulate liver Kupffer cells to promote the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. Further mechanistic experiments revealed that S100A6 acts as an endogenous danger signal to activate p-P38 and p-JNK downstream of the TLR4 and P65 pathways. Similarly, transcriptome data showed that S100A6 can activate the inflammatory response in Kuffer cells. WB revealed that S100A6 had no significant effect on cell apoptosis. To continue to explore the mechanism of monocyte/macrophage infiltration, we found that TNF-α stimulates liver cells as the main source of CCL2. TNF-α can initiate the p-P38 and p-JNK pathways of liver cells to produce CCL2, thereby recruiting the infiltration of mononuclear/macrophages. ConclusionsTaken together, S100A6 is an endogenous danger signal that mediates inflammatory responses and recruits inflammatory cells to sites of tissue damage.
Assessment of Post-Covid Symptoms in Covid-19 Recovered Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary Care Centre of South India
Authors: Nair Chithira V , Moni Merlin , Edathadathil Fabia , Appukuttan A , Prasanna Preetha , Roshni P R , Sathyapalan Dipu T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The post-Covid symptoms among patients hospitalised with covid has to be determined for elucidating the spectrum of illness which persists even after the apparent recovery. The understanding of the post-Covid symptoms will help us to better manage aftermath of the pandemic.Aim: To determine the incidence of post-Covid symptoms in a cohort of inpatients who recovered from COVID-19 from a tertiary care centre in South India.Method: 120 survivors from patients admitted with COVID 19 were prospectively followed up for 6 weeks after their discharge from the hospital. The cohort included 50 patients requiring Intensive care unit (ICU) care and 70 ward patients. The follow-up was conducted on the second and sixth week after discharge with a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled by the patient/bystanders during their visit to the hospital for follow-up at 2 weeks and through telephone follow up at 6 weeks.Results: Mean age of the cohort was 55 years and 55% were males. 58.3% had mild covid and 41.7% had moderate to severe covid infection. 60.8% (n=73) of patients had at least one persistent symptom at sixth week of discharge. 50 (41.7%) patients required intensive care during their inpatient stay. Presence of persistent symptoms at 6 weeks was not associated with severity of illness, age or requirement for intensive care. Fatigue was the most common reported persistent symptom with a prevalence of 55.8% followed by weight loss (22.5%) and dyspnoea (20%). Female sex (OR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.03–5.58, p = 0.041) and steroid administration during hospital stay (OR: 4.43; 95% CI: 1.9–10.28, p = 0.001), were found to be significant risk factors for the presence of post-Covid symptoms at 6 weeks as revealed by logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: 60.8% of inpatients treated for covid had post-Covid symptoms at 6 weeks post- discharge from hospital. Female sex and steroid administration during hospital stay were identified as predictors of persistence of post-Covid symptoms at 6weeks.
Acoustic surveillance for respiratory diseases: a prospective analysis of cough trends using artificial intelligence.
Authors: Gabaldon-Figueira Juan , Keen Eric , Giménez Gerard , Orrillo Virginia , Blavia Isabel , Doré Dominique , Armendáriz Nuria , Chaccour Juliane , Fernández-Montero Alejandro , Bartolomé Javier , Umashankar Nita , Small Peter , Lapierre Simon Grandjean , Chaccour Carlos 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Syndromic surveillance for respiratory disease is limited by an inability to monitor its protean manifestation, cough. Advances in artificial intelligence provide the ability to passively monitor cough at individual and community levels. We hypothesized that changes in the aggregate number of coughs recorded among a sample could serve as a lead indicator for population incidence of respiratory diseases, particularly that of COVID-19. We enrolled over 900 people from the city of Pamplona (Spain) between 2020 and 2021 and used artificial intelligence cough detection software to monitor their cough. We collected nine person-years of cough aggregated data. Coughs per hour surged around the time cohort subjects sought medical care. There was a weak temporal correlation between aggregated coughs and the incidence of COVID-19 in the local population. We propose that a clearer correlation with COVID-19 incidence could be achieved with better penetration and compliance with cough monitoring.
GIVE Statistic for Goodness of Fit in Instrumental Variables Models with Application to COVID Data
Authors: Dhar Subhra Sankar , Shalabh Shalabh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since COVID-19 outbreak, scientists have been interested to know whether there is any impact of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine against COVID-19 mortality or not. It becomes more relevant as a large population in the world may have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), for which a person may not have active tuberculosis but persistent immune responses stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens, and that means, both LTBI and BCG generate immunity against COVID-19. In order to understand the relationship between LTBI and COVID-19 mortality, this article proposes a measure of goodness of fit, viz., Goodness of Instrumental Variable Estimates (GIVE) statistic, of a model obtained by Instrumental Variables estimation. The GIVE helps in finding the appropriate choice of instruments, which provides a better fitted model. In the course of study, the large sample properties of the GIVE statistic are investigated. As indicated before, the COVID-19 data is analysed using the GIVE statistic, and moreover, simulation studies are also conducted to show the usefulness of the GIVE statistic.
Improving Bioavailability of Gallic Acid and Quercetin by Designing Polymeric Nanoparticle Formulation
Authors: Patil poournima shamrao , killedar Suresh Ganapati 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective

The pharmacokinetic properties of encapsulated polyherbal nanoparticles (Gallic acid and quercetin nanoparticle) and polyherbal extract (Amla and pomegranate fruit peels) in normal and DMH-induced colorectal cancer in rats was examined in this work.
Method

Polyherbal nanoparticles such as Gallic acid isolated from amla fruit and quercetin from pomegranate peel extract formulated into polymeric nanoparticle by using probe sonicator and high pressure homogenization.
Result

In normal and DMH-induced rats, a pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that polyherbal nanoparticles had a typical sustained release profile with a 2-fold increase in bioavailability when compared to polyherbal extract. Based on serum–concentration profiles of polyherbal nanoparticles and polyherbal extract following oral administration, the pharmacokinetic parameters for polyherbal nanoparticles and polyherbal extract were established using a single compartmental approach.
Conclusion

This research suggests that encapsulating gallic acid and quercetin in polymeric nanoparticles improves oral bioavailability than polyherbal extract of amla and pomegranate peel. Polymeric nanoparticles could be a novel therapeutic possibility for carcinogenesis prevention.