bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balancing loading, cellular uptake, and toxicity of gelatin‐pluronic nanocomposite for drug delivery: Influence of HLB of pluronic
Authors: Das Ram Pada , Gandhi Vishwa V. , Singh Beena G. , Kunwar Amit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, pluronic stabilized gelatin nanocomposite of varying hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) were synthesized to study the effect of surface hydrophobicity on their cellular uptake and in turn the delivery of a model hydrophobic bioactive compound, curcumin (CUR). Notably, the variation in HLB from 22 to 8 did not cause much change in morphology (~spherical) and surface charge (~ −6.5 mV) while marginally reducing the size of nanocomposite from 165 ± 097 nm to 134 ± 074 nm. On contrary, nanocomposites exhibited a very significant increase in their numbers, hydrophobicity as well as CUR loading with decreasing HLB values (22‐8) of pluronic. Further, the cellular uptake of CUR through pluronic‐gelatin nanocomposites was studied in human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. The results indicated that cellular uptake of CUR through nanocomposites followed the order HLB 22 > HLB 18 > HLB 15 > HLB 8. This was also reflected in terms of the decrease in cytotoxicity of CUR through nanocomposite of HLB 8 as compared to that of HLB 22. Interestingly, bare nanocomposite of HLB 8 showed significantly higher cytotoxicity as compared to that of HLB 22. Together these results suggested that although higher hydrophobicity of the gelatin‐pluronic nanocomposite facilitated higher entrapment of CUR, the carrier per se became toxic due to its hydrophobic interaction with lipid bilayer of plasma membrane. Thus, HLB parameter is very important in designing hybrid nanocomposite systems involving protein and pluronic to ensure both bio‐compatibility of the carrier and the optimum cellular delivery of the pay load.
Chemical profiling of Zilong Jin tablets using ultra high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Kang Jian , Sun Zhi , Xue Lianping , Li Zhuolun , Bao Xiaoyue , Wang Zhenhui , Fan Feng , Li Shengjie , Hu Die , Zhang Xiaojian , Zuo Lihua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZilongjin tablets as a traditional Chinese medicine are widely used for primary lung cancer patients with deficiency of “qi ” and “blood ” syndrome undergoing chemotherapy. It is a compound preparation that consists of eight herbs. To clarify the chemical profiling of Zilong Jin tablets rapidly, a feasible and accurate strategy was developed by the ultra high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. According to the accurate mass and fragment ion information provided by high resolution mass spectrometry, the compounds were reasonably identified. In total, 74 compounds were characterized, including 20 flavonoids, 14 quinones, 15 organic acids, 6 phthalide compounds, and 19 other compounds. Among them, 34 major compounds were unambiguously confirmed by comparing with reference standards. This study could provide an important scientific basis for further research on quality control, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and clinical application of Zilong Jin tablets.
Vascularized Prelaminated Thermoplastic Bioabsorbable Scaffold in Tracheal Reconstruction
Authors: Vernon Dominic , Eytan Danielle F. , Hillel Alexander , Boahene Kofi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSuccessful tracheal reconstruction remains a challenging task for the reconstructive surgeon. A variety of techniques have been previously employed, using both autografts and allografts. The authors present a novel method for tracheal reconstruction utilizing a prelaminated fascial flap in conjunction with a bioabsorbable scaffold. Laryngoscope, 132:550–553, 2022
Adjuvant Therapy and Prognosticators of Survival in Head and Neck Mucosal Melanoma
Authors: Abiri Arash , Yasaka Tyler M. , Lehrich Brandon M. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Tajudeen Bobby A. , St. John Maie A. , Harris Jeremy P. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify prognosticators and determine the efficacies of surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (SR) and surgery with immunotherapy (SI) of head and neck mucosal melanoma (HNMM).Study DesignRetrospective database study.MethodsThe 2004 to 2017 National Cancer Database was queried for HNMM patients. Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan‐Meier analyses evaluated prognosticators of mortality and survival benefits conferred by SR, SI, or surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy and immunotherapy (SRI). Logistic regression identified predictors of adjuvant radiotherapy or immunotherapy use.ResultsOverall, 1,910 cases (845 surgery, 802 SR, 51 SI, 101 SRI) were analyzed, with 50.3% females and an average age of 68.6 ± 13.8 years. SI was associated with greater overall survival (OS) than surgery (hazard ratio [HR] 0.672; P = .036). SI (HR 0.425; P = .024) and SRI (HR 0.594; P = .045) were associated with superior OS than SR. Older age (HR 1.607; P < .001), female sex (HR 0.757; P = .006), paranasal sinus localization (HR 1.648; P < .001), T4 classification (HR 1.443; P < .001), N1 classification (HR 2.310; P < .001), M1 classification (HR 3.357; P < .001), and positive surgical margins (HR 1.454; P < .001) were survival prognosticators. Adjuvant radiotherapy use was negatively correlated with older age, oral cavity localization, and M0 or T3 tumors (all P < .05). Adjuvant immunotherapy use was positively correlated with younger age and M1 tumors (all P < .05).ConclusionsAlthough SR did not confer survival benefits in HNMM patients, SI and SRI yielded greater OS than surgery alone. SRI was associated with superior survival outcomes than SR. Certain demographic and clinical factors were associated with increased mortality risk. Patient age and certain tumor characteristics were predictors of adjuvant radiotherapy or immunotherapy use.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:584–592, 2022
Microscopic Characterization of Poly(Sulfur Nitride)
Authors: Amado Elkin , Hasan Nazmul , Busse Karsten , Kressler Jörg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe morphology of poly(sulfur nitride) (SNx) in bulk crystals and in thin films is investigated by grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GI WAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). SNxcrystals are grown in S2N2crystals by topochemical solid‐state polymerization and thin SNxfilms are prepared by sublimation/repolymerization of SNxor by mechanical deformation of crystals onto silicon substrates. Details of the crystallographic orientation of two different thin films are observed by GI WAXS. PeakForce Tunneling (PF‐TUNA) atomic force microscopy provides information on the electrical conductivity of SNxcrystal together with its morphology in the nm range. The current–voltage (I–V) curves show ohmic behavior indicating the metallic nature of SNx.
The associations of CNR1 SNPs and haplotypes with vulnerability and treatment response phenotypes in Han Chinese with major depressive disorder: A case–control association study
Authors: Yang Chenghao , Nolte Ilja M. , Ma Yanyan , An Xuguang , Bosker Fokko J. , Li Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding how genetic polymorphisms are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) may aid in diagnosis and the development of personalized treatment strategies. CNR1 is the gene coding Cannabinoid type 1 receptor which is highly involved in emotional processing and in regulating neurotransmitter releases. We aimed to investigate the associations of CNR1 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with MDD susceptibility and treatment response.MethodsThe study reported data on 181 Han Chinese with MDD and 80 healthy controls. The associations of CNR1 genetic polymorphisms with MDD susceptibility and treatment response were examined, wherein the MDD patients were subgrouped further by responding to antidepressant treatment, compared with healthy controls separately.ResultsThe CNR1 SNPs rs806367 and rs6454674 and haplotype C‐T‐T‐C of rs806366, rs806367, rs806368, and rs806370 were associated with increased susceptibility for MDD and antidepressant treatment resistance, but the association was not detected in other SNPs or the haplotype block of rs806368 and rs806370.ConclusionThe CNR1 is a promising candidate for the genetic association study of MDD. Larger and well‐characterized samples are required to confirm the genetic association of CNR1 with MDD because of the limitations such as relatively small sample size and lack of information for correcting confounding factors.
Transient glyphosate encephalopathy due to a suicide attempt
Authors: Yokoyama Saaya , Sugisaki Tomomi , Ryota Yoshida , Yoshiteru Sato , Okayasu Hiroaki , Shioda Mukuto , Suzuki Keisuke , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Shimoda Kazutaka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimGlyphosate‐containing herbicides are less toxic than paraquat and are one of the most widely used herbicides today.Case presentationWe report a case of ingestion of a pesticide containing glyphosate in a suicide attempt. The patient was admitted to the psychiatric department because of persistent suicidal thoughts. He suffered from short‐term memory impairment on day 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed swelling in the bilateral medial temporal lobes and hippocampi and high signal on T2‐weighted images. Gradually, the patient's cognitive impairments improved, and he was discharged on day 33.ConclusionA physician should examine the patient with the possibility of glyphosate encephalopathy in mind.
Registration of ‘Castella’ soft white winter club wheat
Authors: Garland Campbell Kimberly , Allan Robert E. , Carter Arron H. , DeMacon Patricia , Klarquist Emily , Wen Nuan , Chen Xianming , Steber Camille M. , Morris Craig , See Deven , Esser Aaron , Engle Doug , Higginbotham Ryan , Mundt Chris , Murray Timothy D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoft white winter club wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. compactum) is a specialty class of soft wheat prized for its end‐use quality. Our goal was to develop a broadly adapted club wheat cultivar targeted to the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) with competitive agronomic and end‐use quality characteristics. ‘Castella’ (Reg no. CV‐1185, PI 695319), a tall semi‐dwarf awnless white‐kernel club wheat, was selected using the bulk‐pedigree breeding method, from the cross NY89‐66‐7131//B980696//‘Chukar’. In the seedling stage, Castella is resistant to PSTv‐51 and PSTv‐40 but susceptible to races PSTv‐4, PSTv‐14, and PSTv‐37 of the stripe rust pathogen. Castella exhibited excellent adult‐plant resistance to the pathogen in multiyear trials. Castella is resistant to toxic levels of aluminum and to the biotype of Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say) that is prevalent in the PNW. Across 72 environments, Castella exhibited competitive grain yields compared with existing club and soft white cultivars and higher grain volume weight than the club wheat check ‘Bruehl’. Castella has maintained a falling number above 300 s more frequently than Bruehl and the club wheat ‘Pritchett’ in multiple testing years. Castella has excellent milling and baking properties including superior sponge cake volume and will increase the quality of the club wheat crop in the PNW.
Learning‐based mutant reduction using fine‐grained mutation operators
Authors: Kim Yunho , Hong Shin 
Published: August 2021

SummaryFor mutation testing, the huge cost of running test suites on a large number of mutants has been a serious obstacle. To resolve this problem, we propose a learning‐based mutant reduction techniqueMuTrain.MuTrainuses cost‐considerate linear regression (i.e., CLARS) to learn amutation model, which predicts the mutation score of a test suite based on the mutation testing results of a previous version of a target program. Then,MuTrainapplies the mutation model for subsequent versions to predict mutation scores with significantly fewer mutants. For effective mutant reduction and accurate mutation score prediction,MuTrainuses fine‐grained mutation operators refined from the existing coarse‐grained mutation operators. The experiment results show thatMuTrainreduces the number of mutants effectively (i.e., selecting only 1.6% of mutants). Moreover,MuTrainpredicts mutation score far more accurately than the existing mutant reduction techniques and random mutant selection. We also found thatMuTrainachieves much greater mutant reduction when it uses the fine‐grained mutation operators than the traditional coarse‐grained mutation operators (i.e., 1.6% vs. 14.6%).
A new look for TWS publications
Authors: Collier Bret A. , Krausman Paul R. , Ben‐David Merav , Cox Allison S. , Knipps Anna C. S. , Levengood Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe appearance of The Wildlife Society (TWS) publications (i.e., Wildlife Society Bulletin [WSB], Wildlife Monographs [WM], Journal of Wildlife Management [JWM]) has changed over the years. In 2021, a new journal design (NJD) will be implemented for TWS publications following months of discussion with Council and the journal editors. The scope of the articles and the mission of the journals will not change, but the format and layouts will be modified to simplify typesetting, assist with online reading, and provide a contemporary look for the publications of TWS.
Open versus minimally invasive fixation of thoracic and lumbar spine fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal diseases
Authors: Kohler Felix C. , Schenk P. , Bechstedt-Schimske M. , Ullrich B. W. , Klauke F. , Hofmann G. O. , Mendel T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Posterior multilevel fixation of traumatic instability in ankylosing spinal disease (ASD) can be performed by open surgery (OS) or minimally invasive surgery (MIS). We investigated whether both methods differ based on the reduction results and perioperative parameters.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, OS and MIS groups were investigated. The bisegmental Cobb angles and dislocation angles were measured using pre- and postoperative CT images, and the initial malalignment and achieved reduction were calculated. Cut-seam time, calculated blood loss, transfusion number, fluoroscopy time, pedicle screw placement accuracy, duration of ICU stay, in-patient stay, and complications (bleeding, postoperative thrombosis and embolism, and postoperative mortality) were recorded.

Results
Seventy-five ASD patients with spine fractures (Ø 75 ± 11 years, male: 52, female: 23) (MIS: 48; OS: 27) were included in this study. The extent of reduction did not differ in the OS and MIS groups (p = 0.465; MIS:− 1 ± 3°, OS:−2 ± 6°). The residual postoperative malalignment angle was not significantly different (p = 0.283). Seventy-eight of the implanted screws (11%) showed malpositioning. No difference was found between OS and MIS (MIS, 37 [7%]; OS, 41 [16%]; p = 0.095). MIS was associated with less blood loss (OS: 1.28 ± 0.78 l, MIS: 0.71 ± 0.57 l, p = 0.001), cut-seam time (MIS: 98 ± 44 min, OS: 166 ± 69 min, p < 0.001), and hospital stay (MIS: Ø14 ± 16 d, OS: Ø38 ± 49 d, p = 0.02) than OS.

Conclusion
OS and MIS show equally limited performance in terms of the fracture reduction achieved. The MIS technique was superior to OS based on the perioperative outcome. Therefore, MIS should be preferred over OS for unstable spinal injuries, excluding C-type fractures, in ASD patients without neurological impairment.
Examining the density in out-of-pocket spending share in the estimation of catastrophic health expenditures
Authors: Jbaily Abdulrahman , Haakenstad Annie , Kiros Mizan , Riumallo-Herl Carlos , Verguet Stéphane 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUniversal health coverage (UHC) aims to provide access to health services for all without financial hardship. Moving toward UHC while ensuring financial risk protection (FRP) from out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditures is a critical objective of the Sustainable Development Goal for Health. In tracking country progress toward UHC, analysts and policymakers usually report on two summary indicators of lack of FRP: the prevalence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and the prevalence of impoverishing health expenditures. In this paper, we build on the CHE indicator: we examine the distribution (density) of health OOP budget share as a way to capture both the magnitude and dispersion in the ratio of households’ OOP health expenditures relative to consumption or income at the population level. We illustrate our approach with country-specific examples using data from the World Health Organization’s World Health Surveys.
Sphingobacterium pedocola sp. nov. a novel halotolerant bacterium isolated from agricultural soil
Authors: Tóth Ákos , Bata-Vidács Ildikó , Kosztik Judit , Máté Rózsa , Kutasi József , Tóth Erika , Bóka Károly , Táncsics András , Nagy István , Kovács Gábor , Kukolya József 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA Gram-reaction-negative halotolerant bacterial strain, designated Ka21T, was isolated from agricultural soil and characterised using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, highest similarity was found with Sphingobacterium alkalisoli Y3L14T (96.72%). Cells were observed to be aerobic, non-motile rods. The isolate was found to be able to grow between 0 and 10% of NaCl concentration. The assembled genome of strain Ka21T has a total length of 5.2 Mb with a G + C content of 41.0 mol%. According to the genome analysis, Ka21T encodes several glycoside hydrolases that may play a role in the degradation of accumulated plant biomass in the soil. Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, it is concluded that strain Ka21T represents a novel species in the Sphingobacterium genus for which the name Sphingobacterium pedocola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain Ka21T (= LMG 31575T = NCAIM B.02636T).
Comparing downstream consequences of normal exercise stress echocardiograms and cardiac computed tomography angiography scans in patients suspected of having of obstructive coronary artery disease: a retrospective cohort study of Tricare beneficiaries
Authors: Madigan Cory G. , Adams Michael B. , Chu Chu-Chiao , Dinkha Laith R. , Farrell Samuel J. , Hoard Robert T. , Keithler Andrea N. , Loudermilk Kevin A. , Rouse Jessica , Walker Brandon L. , Williams Susan G. , Wyatt Andrew C. , Gore Rosco S. , Thomas Dustin M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo compare overall number of downstream tests and total costs between negative exercise stress echocardiograms (ESE) or cardiac computed tomography angiography scans (CCTA) in symptomatic Tricare beneficiaries suspected of having coronary artery disease (CAD). This is a retrospective cohort study examining 651 propensity-matched patients who underwent ESE or CCTA with normal results between 2008 and 2014 at the United States’ largest Department of Defense hospital. The total number of additional downstream tests over the next five years was determined. The total costs associated with each arm, inclusive of the initial test and all subsequent tests, were calculated using the 2018 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule. 18.5 percent of patients with a normal ESE result underwent some additional form of cardiac testing over the five years after initial testing compared to 12.8 percent of patients with a normal CCTA. The absolute difference in total number of downstream tests between both study groups was 5.7 percent (p = 0.03). When factoring the costs of the initial test as well as the downstream tests, the ESE group was associated with overall lower costs compared to the CCTA group, 351 United States Dollars (USD) versus 496 USD (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrates that, when compared to CCTA, ESE is associated with a higher total number of downstream tests, but overall lower total costs when chosen as initial testing strategy for suspected CAD.
Did the UK policy response to Covid-19 protect household incomes?
Authors: Brewer Mike , Tasseva Iva Valentinova 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe analyse the UK policy response to Covid-19 and its impact on household incomes in the UK in April and May 2020, using microsimulation methods. We estimate that households lost a substantial share of their net income of 6.9% on average. But policies protected household incomes to a substantial degree: compared to the drop in net income, GDP per capita fell by 18.9% between the first and second quarter of 2020. Earnings subsidies (the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme) protected household finances and provided the main insurance mechanism during the crisis. Besides subsidies, Covid-related increases to state benefits, as well as the automatic stabilisers in the tax and benefit system, played an important role in mitigating the income losses. However, analysing the impact of a near-decade of austerity on the UK safety net, we find that, compared to 2011 policies, the 2020 pre-Covid tax-benefit policies would have been less effective in insuring incomes against the shocks. We also assess the potential distributional impact of introducing a Universal Basic Income (UBI) instead of the Covid emergency measures and find that a UBI would have supported the incomes of different vulnerable groups but would have provided less protection to those hit hardest by the labour market shocks.
Emotions as indeterminate justifiers
Authors: Szigeti András 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSentimentalists believe that values are crucially dependent on emotions. Epistemic sentimentalists subscribe to what I call the final-court-of-appeal view: emotional experience is ultimately necessary and can be sufficient for the justification of evaluative beliefs. This paper rejects this view defending a moderate version of rationalism that steers clear of the excesses of both “Stoic” rationalism and epistemic sentimentalism. We should grant that emotions play a significant epistemic role in justifying evaluations. At the same time, evaluative justification is not uniquely or especially dependent on emotions. The anti-sentimentalist argument developed in this paper is based on the indeterminacy thesis. The thesis states that the evaluative properties picked out by our emotional responses are too indeterminate to play a central role in our evaluative practices. I argue that while the indeterminacy thesis undermines the final-court-of-appeal view it supports the claim that emotional responses can provide prima facie justification for evaluative beliefs.
Risk Factors for Depression and Anxiety Disorders Among Bangladeshi Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Faruk Md. Omar , Mamun Mohammed A. , Siddique Abu Bakkar , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDental students are highly prone to mental health suffering due to the stressors related to their educational, academic, and clinical environment. However, there are no previous studies that evaluated the mental health problems among dental students in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety and its covariates. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the students of five (out of a total of nine) Bangladeshi public dental institutes. The survey included the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, and questions relating to sociodemographic factors, personal suffering, and family mental health history. Results indicated that the prevalence rates for moderate to severe depression and anxiety were 27.4% and 18.2%, respectively. The risk factors for depression and anxiety were being female, coming from city areas, having past-year psychological and physical suffering, having past-year traumatic events, and having a family history of mental illness, as well as a range of suicide-related behaviors. The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in the present study were relatively lower than other dental student cohorts residing outside Bangladesh. Further investigations are suggested based on the limitations and strengths of the present study.