bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Metabolic Response to a Standardized High Fat, High Calorie Meal in Healthy Obese Individuals is Similar to that of Healthy Lean Individuals
Authors: Mutch David , Lam Karen , Britz‐McKibbin Philip , Badoud Flavia 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is associated with numerous health complications; however, a subgroup of individuals (termed the metabolically healthy obese or MHO) may be protected from the cardiometabolic complications typically associated with a high body mass index. We previously showed that MHO individuals have reduced levels of serum inflammatory markers and saturated fatty acids (FAs), as well as altered adipose tissue amino acid homeostasis, compared to their metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) counterparts. Building on this past foundational work, the goal of this study was to examine the postprandial metabolic response to a standardized high fat, high calorie meal in lean healthy (LH), MHO, and MUO individuals. Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured during the 2 h postprandial period and used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). The AUC for both glucose and insulin were similar between LH and MHO individuals, and significantly lower compared to MUO individuals (p<0.05). Gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry revealed significant postprandial differences in several FAs and amino acids, respectively, between MHO and MUO individuals. Furthermore, we found that baseline levels of various FAs and amino acids were predictive of the glycemic and insulinemic postprandial response. Taken together, our results highlight that MHO individuals represent an important subgroup of obesity that appear to have a preserved metabolic response to a challenge meal in comparison to their MUO counterparts.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CIHR
APotato (Poly)phenols on Postprandial Insulinemia and Platelet Aggregation in Premenopausal Overweight Women: A Pilot Study
Authors: Huang Yancui , Qian Cheng , Xiao Di , Rudraiah Laasya , Park Eunyoung , Edirisinghe Indika , Burton‐Freeman Britt 
Published: June 2021

Potatoes are known for their carbohydrate, potassium, vitamin C and fiber content; however potatoes also contain chlorogenic acids (CGA). Colored potatoes may contain additional (poly)phenols, such as anthocyanins (ACN) in purple potatoes. Polyphenols exert various health promoting biological effects. Previous work suggests CGA and ACN have a role in glycemic control and platelet function. The present study examined two potato varieties: white potato (WP) containing CGA and purple potato (PP) containing CGA and ACN in a 6 h postprandial study in women (n=12, crossover design) on postprandial metabolic and epinephrine (EPI)‐ and ADP‐ induced platelet aggregation responses. Potatoes (200 g cooked) were included in a high carbohydrate, high fat breakfast (~690 kcal). A demographically match control group (CON, n=8) consumed a rice substituted breakfast without CGA or ACN and were used for metabolic comparisons only. PP and WP significantly reduced postprandial insulin responses compared to CON (p<0.05). Glucose responses were not different among groups. PP significantly inhibited EPI‐induced‐ (p=0.015) and ADP‐induced‐ (P=0.009) platelet aggregation compared to WP. Potatoes compared to a common starch replacement reduced the insulin demand to achieve post‐meal glucose homeostasis. PP with CGA and ACN prolonged platelet aggregation time compared to WP, suggesting a potential role for certain potato varieties containing (poly)phenols in cardiovascular disease risk reduction. The work supports future research to explore potatoes and cardio‐metabolic health.Supported by various donor funds.
Dietary Patterns and Risk of Age‐Related Macular Degeneration After More Than Two Decades of Follow‐Up
Authors: Wu Juan , Schaumberg Debra , Fung Teresa , Sastry Srinivas , Willett Walter 
Published: June 2021

MethodThis prospective study included 76,693 female participants in the Nurses' Health Study and 39,519 male participants in the Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study. We developed two cardioprotective dietary patterns, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the alternative Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and two overall dietary patterns from factor analysis, prudent and western pattern. We calculated each dietary pattern score from repeated food frequency questionnaires. We confirmed 1,531 intermediate and 1,269 advanced age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) cases. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relative risks (RR's) and 95% confidence intervals (CI's).ResultsFor advanced AMD, the prudent dietary pattern was inversely associated with risk (comparing extreme quintiles, multivariate RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.94; p trend = 0.008), whereas the western pattern was positively related to risk (RR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.71; p trend = 0.005). The RR for DASH was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.69 to 1.00; p trend = 0.01) and for aMED was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.71 to 1.04; p trend = 0.10). In contrast, none of the dietary patterns was associated with intermediate AMD.ConclusionDASH diet protects against advanced AMD, likely reflecting shared risk factors between cardiovascular disease and AMD. However, broadly, a prudent dietary pattern with a high intake of plant‐based foods may reduce the risk of advanced AMD whereas a western pattern with a high intake of red meat, butter, and refined grains may increase the risk.
Household Food Insecurity and Asthma in the 3rd Grade of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Kindergarten Cohort
Authors: Mangini L , Dong Y , Hayward M , Forman M 
Published: June 2021

In 2013, 20% of U.S. households with children experienced food insecurity, which is associated with poor physical and nutritional health and shares determinants such as poverty and race with asthma. Asthma afflicts over 7 million American children, and prevalence rates have steadily increased while incidence peaks in young children. Asthma is positively associated with childhood obesity; however, limited research on the relationship between food insecurity and asthma exists. The objective was to determine the association between food insecurity and asthma in a diverse sample of 3rd graders. Cross‐sectional data from the 3rd grade year (2002) of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐ Kindergarten cohort (ECLS‐K) were analyzed (N=11,480). Food security status was measured with the 18‐item USDA module. Asthma diagnosis and sociodemographic characteristics were based on parental report; anthropometric data were collected in person. Multivariate logistic regression was done to test the association between food security status and asthma, controlling for covariates. Children in food‐insecure households had higher odds of asthma (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12‐1.70), independent of sex, race, weight, insurance coverage, household poverty, or maternal nativity or education. Being male (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.62‐2.05), non‐Hispanic Black (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.49‐2.09) or Hispanic (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.13‐1.64), and/or overweight (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06‐1.46) or obese (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.42‐1.87) were positively associated with asthma.Food insecurity represents a threat to children's health beyond sociodemographic factors. Interventions to reduce chronic disease outcomes may need to address food insecurity.
Low and Very Low Food Security are Associated with Differences in Emotional and Behavioral Problems among Children and Adolescents in the US
Authors: Burke Michael , Martini Lauren , Cayir Ebru , Hartline‐Grafton Heather , Meade Randa 
Published: June 2021

The adverse association between food insecurity and emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) among children and adolescents has been studied, but little work has examined if more severe food insecurity is associated with higher EBP.Using a national sample of households (HH) with children and adolescents, we examined the association between EBP and food security status (FSS) (i.e., food secure (FS), low food secure (LFS), and very low food secure (VLFS)). Data were collected from a total of 22,522 children and adolescents from 2011 to 2013.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the 10‐item USDA HH Food Security Survey were used to measure EBP and FSS. Negative binomial and logistic regressions were used to test the associations between total SDQ score, high SDQ score (SDQ score 蠅 6), and FSS. All models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic confounders.Compared to FS HH, children and adolescents in LFS or VLFS HH had higher SDQ scores (LFS, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.22, p<0.001; VLFS IRR 1.37, p<0.001) and had increased odds of having a high SDQ score (LFS, odds ratio (OR) 1.35, p<0.05; VLFS OR 2.07, p<0.001). Compared to LFS HH, VLFS HH had a mean IRR that was 0.12 higher (p<0.01) and a mean OR that was 0.43 higher (p<0.01).Compared to LFS HH, children and adolescent in VLFS HH have higher EBP. In addition, compared to FS HH, children and adolescents in LFS and VLFS have higher EBP. This work was supported by FRAC.
Nutrition and Physical Activity Education among SNAP‐Ed Eligible Middle School Students Reveals Disconnect between Knowledge and Behavior
Authors: LeGros Theresa , Misner Scottie , Farrell Vanessa , Hartz Vern , Jacobs Laurel , Armstrong Florian Traci 
Published: June 2021

Schools eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP‐Ed) can offer programs to address overweight and obesity among low income youth. This study assessed changes in knowledge and behavior among middle school students in SNAP‐Ed eligible schools after nutrition and physical activity education.Students in SNAP‐Ed eligible schools across five AZ counties received nutrition and nutrition‐integrated physical activity education during the school year. A randomized cohort of 6th‐ 8th grade classrooms (N=40, mean fall class size=25) was surveyed in fall and spring. The anonymous survey asked about behavior the previous day and knowledge of national nutrition and physical activity guidelines. Paired t‐tests assessed change in weighted classroom averages.Significant knowledge gains were found in two of five national guidelines, recommended vegetable consumption (p<0.05) and physical activity (p<0.01). Self‐reported behaviors had a significant increase in whole grain consumption (p<0.05) and a significant decrease in water intake (p<0.05). There was no change in vegetable consumption or in any physical activity category except active travel home from school (p<0.05).These data suggest that behavior change may occur independent of knowledge change. This disconnect underscores the importance of addressing factors other than knowledge (e.g. self‐efficacy and environment) when delivering programs to address overweight and obesity prevalence among low income youth.
A Ganoderma lucidum extract derived from Mexican genetic resources and its effect on lipid metabolism gene expression and liver fatty acid composition
Authors: Meneses‐Alvarez Maria , Martinez‐Carrera Daniel , Morales Porfirio , Sobal Mercedes , Bernabé Teodoro , Granados‐Portillo Omar , Torres Nimbe , Tovar Armando 
Published: June 2021

The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) provides diverse health benefits, however, strains from Mexican origin have not yet been studied. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of the consumption of a standardized Gl extract in mice fed a high colesterol diet on the expression of genes involved in fatty acid and colesterol metabolism in the liver, as well as the impact on liver lipid concentration and fatty acid composition. Mice were fed 20% casein (AIN93G) diet, with and without cholesterol (0.5%) and supplemented with a low and high dose of Gl extract. Mice fed with high dose of Gl extract in the diet gained less body weight than mice fed control diet or low dose Gl extract and high colesterol diet. Consumption of Gl extract significantly reduced hepatic and serum cholesterol and triglycerides concentration compared to high cholesterol group. These effects were associated with a significant reduction of expression of lipogenic genes (SREBP1, FAS, ACC) as well genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (ABCG5, ABCG8) in the liver. The consumption of Gl extract modified the fatty acid composition in liver. Mice fed with Gl extract showed a decrease of SFA, while an increase of MUFA and PUFA, as compared to mice fed with high cholesterol diet. Our data showed that the Gl extract effectively regulates lipid metabolism through the presence of bioactive compounds helping to prevent the accumulation of hepatic lipids.This work was supported by CONACYT
THE EFFECT OF A LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX DIET ON DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Srichaikul Korbua , Hertzog Valerie , Dutton Heidi , Kendall Cyril , Sievenpiper John , Jenkins David 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMicrovascular complications, including renal disease, have been strongly associated with poor glycemic control. We have therefore assessed the effect of improved glycemic control after consumption of a low glycemic index diet on the degree of microalbuminuria.Methods155 type 2 diabetic subjects treated with antihyperglycemic agents were randomized and completed either 6 months of high fiber or low glycemic index dietary advice in a parallel design. In 150 completers, 24 hour urine collections were obtained pre‐treatment and at the end of the 6 month study period.ResultsA total of 107 subjects had detectable albumin in their baseline 24 hour urine collections with 14 subjects having microalbuminuria (urinary albumin >30 mg/24 hours). The treatment difference in the change in microalbuminuria was not significant. However, with improved glycemic control on the low glycemic index diet microalbuminuria decreased by 63±24 mg/d (n=7, p=0.039) compared to a reduction of 15±13mg/d (n=7, p=0.308) on the high fiber diet. No between treatment difference was seen in serum creatinine or creatinine clearance.ConclusionThese preliminary data suggest a possible benefit of low glycemic index diets on microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes.Funding the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada Research Chair Endowment of the Federal Government of Canada, and Barilla (Italy).
Diet‐induced Weight Loss Changes in Gene Regulatory Networks in the Rectum: Network Analysis as a Compliment to Traditional Gene Expression Analysis
Authors: Vargas Ashley , Quackenbush John , Glass Kimberly 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine if there are different transcription factor‐gene relationships in rectal mucosa tissue after ~10% body weight loss.Methods10 obese women underwent clinically supervised weight loss via a very low calorie diet. Rectal mucosal biopsies were obtained before and after the ~ 46.5 day intervention, and mRNA expression was measured. An earlier study used a traditional analysis approach (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; GSEA) to examine changes in expression. However, we hypothesize that building a network that includes known transcription factors‐gene relationships provides more detail on how regulatory pathways are changed. A network of transcription factor‐gene interactions was constructed for baseline and for end‐of‐study samples using Passing Attributes between Networks for Data Assimilation (PANDA). The baseline network was then compared to the end‐of‐study network to look for regulatory and pathways changes.ResultsThe transcription factors NFκB1, INSM1 and MAX are all changing their targets between baseline and end‐of‐study samples. Further, changes in glucose transport from baseline to end‐of‐study were observed.ConclusionsComplementing traditional GSEA analyses, this network approach identified changes in glucose transport. These changes are supported by circulating biomarkers of glucose tolerance and suggest that NFκB1, INSM1 and MAX are the key mediators of the effect of weight loss in rectal mucosa.
miR‐186 Inhibition Alters Cell Proliferation and Colony Formation in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jones Dominique , Hobbing Katharine , Schmidt M. , Clark Geoffrey , Kidd LaCreis 
Published: June 2021

Numerous published reports show microRNAs (miRs) influence PCA development and disease progression. However, there are no published reports on the role of miR‐186 in relation to PCA. Previously, we observed miR‐186 expression was significantly up‐regulated in the serum of PCA patients (n = 15) diagnosed with stage III and IV disease compared to controls (n = 5). We also observed miR‐186 expression was significantly up‐regulated in metastatic PCA cells (PC3) after normalization with control cell line (RWPE1) and endogenous miR (U6). Mir‐186 overexpression is associated with the down‐regulation of pro‐apoptotic and tumor suppression‐related genes in various cancers. We hypothesized that miR‐186 inhibition will reduce the aggressive PCA phenotype.To test this hypothesis, PC3 cells were transiently transfected with miR‐186 inhibitor and scramble control for 24hrs. Cell viability and colony formation of transfected cells were evaluated via ATPlite and soft agar assays, respectively.MiR‐186 inhibition significantly decreased both cell viability by 48‐58% at 72‐96hrs and colony formation by 30% after 21 days. These findings suggest miR‐186 inhibition represses cell proliferation and anchorage independence. Additional studies are needed to: (1) discern whether stable miR‐186 inhibition will reduce cell migration, invasion and metastasis using in vitro assays and murine models; (2) identify and validate miR‐186 targets using gene/protein analyses. Such efforts will lead to the identification of a biomarker to help improve current PCA detection, prognostic and clinical management strategies.
Iron Metabolism and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness: A Meta‐Analysis of Gene Expression Microarray Datasets
Authors: Kajdacsy‐Balla Andre , Ali Waleed , Shah Jarna , Macias Virgilia , Hall Andrew , Walden William , Dai Yang 
Published: June 2021

Changes in iron metabolism in prostate cancer are not understood. We address the hypothesis that more aggressive prostate cancers exhibit markers of higher acquisition and intracellular retention of iron.Analysis of Oncomine, a public microarray database demonstrated elevation in mRNA gene expression in high grade tumors (Gleason scores 8‐10) when compared to low grade tumors (scores 4‐6) for several genes involved in iron metabolism, including Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1; 7 out of 11 databases), Ferritin Light Chain (FTL; 6 of 6) and Ferritin Heavy Chain (FTH; 6 of 8). The differences were statistically significant (p<0.05) in 4/7, 3/6, and 1/8 databases respectively (Welch t‐test or Wilcoxon rank‐sum test). Meta‐analysis by Z‐transform test showed significant global p‐values for TfR1 and FTL, but not for FTH.TfR1 over expression in more aggressive tumors was confirmed by immunohistochemistry by comparing prostatectomy samples in a 400 cases outocomes‐based tissue microarray (TMA) built by the Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource. The recurrence group had higher TfR1 intensity levels (p<=0.04).In a previous publication we showed that iron levels were decreased in areas surrounding tumors that had poorer prognosis. Others have shown that within the tumor itself, iron levels are increased and high Gleason grade tumors have the highest levels. Overall our data suggest that 1) iron is less available to prostate cancer cells with worse prognosis, and 2) TfR1 and FTL overexpression in more aggressive tumors may contribute to the ability to accumulate iron.
The Temporal and Spatial Development of Vascularity in a Healing Displaced Fracture
Authors: Mignemi Nicholas , Yuasa Masato , Barnett Joey , Cates Justin , Nyman Jeffry , Obremskey William , Okawa Atsushi , Schwartz Herbert , Stutz Christopher , Schoenecker Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionUnderlying vascular disease is an important pathophysiology shared among many co‐morbid conditions associated with poor fracture healing, such as diabetes, obesity, and age. Determining the temporal and spatial patterns of revascularization following fracture is essential for devising therapeutic strategies to augment this critical reparative process. These studies were designed specifically to i) validate the classic model of fracture revascularization, ii) assess the association between intramedullary and periosteal angiogenesis and iii) elucidate the expression of VEGF/VEGF‐R in relation to the classic model.MethodsMid‐shaft femoral osteotomies (n=52) were followed with X‐ray, μCT, angiography and histology for 7‐42 days.ResultsRepresentative data of vascularity during fracture repair is presented in figure 1. Fractures with disruption of the medullary vasculature revascularize initially through the development of vascular anastomoses between the medullary vasculature and the areas of periosteal vascular engorgement resulting from interruption of medullary vascularity at the fracture site (Figure 2). Following the intramembranous phase or repair, fracture healing proceeds through endochondral mediated angiogenesis and bone formation under the control of VEGF and it's receptors.imageConclusionFrom these data, in conjunction with classic studies of fracture angiogenesis, we propose a novel model defining the process of bone revascularization.
Development of a Serum‐free, Three Dimensional Cell Culture Model for Primary Human Articular Chondrocytes to Test Potential Therapeutics
Authors: Bundens Grace , Miller Lawrence , Lackman Richard , Cho Ellen , Chmielewski Sarah , Milton LaBraya , Selim Abdulhafez , George‐Weinstein Mindy , D'Angelo Marina 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to establish a culture system of primary human articular chondrocytes with which to test novel drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Articular cartilage was obtained from OA subjects undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or above knee amputation (AKA) for pathology unrelated to OA. Chondrocytes were isolated by protease digestion and cultured in alginate at 2, 5, 10 x 106 cells in serum‐free medium. Production of collagen degradation products was measured in days 2 and 5 culture medium and day 5 cell‐associated matrix. The optimal plating density was 5x106 cells/culture, as determined by Lowry protein analysis. Type I collagen telopeptide breakdown products were higher in cultures established from the femoral condyles than from the patella, and in OA cultures compared to AKA controls. Type II collagen telopeptides were also detected in both OA and TKA cultures; however, the amounts of these telopeptides were not significantly different in the two types of cultures. These results demonstrate that human articular chondrocytes survive and are metabolically active when cultured in this serum‐free, 3D culture system. The femoral condyles and tibial plateau were the optimal sites for tissue harvesting. With this model system we can effectively measure clinical endpoints for testing new drugs that may reduce tissue destruction in OA. This work was funded by PCOM, CMSRU, Cooper Foundation and Cooper Bone and Joint Institute.