bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic inventory control with payment delay and credit limit
Authors: Li Yanhai , Gu Chaocheng , Chen Wenbo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe credit limit is the maximum amount of accounts payable (AP) that a firm owes to its supplier. This limit establishes a tie between the effective purchasing cost and the order quantity as well as the AP level. We present a multi‐period stochastic inventory model with payment delay and credit limit. Our model aims to capture the property of the optimal ordering policy with respect to the AP and inventory states. For the backlogging and lost‐sales cases, we present the method to reduce the dimension of state space. In both cases, the optimal order quantity is demonstrated to be decreasing in the AP and inventory level of each age. In addition, the sensitivity of the optimal order quantity with respect to the AP decreases with age. That is, the optimal order quantity is more sensitive to the younger AP. In the backlogging case, the base‐stock policy is not optimal due to the presence of credit limits. Somewhat surprisingly, our numerical example shows that the optimal order quantity is not necessarily increasing in the credit limit. Finally, based on the L♮‐convexity of the cost‐to‐go function, we design a linear programming greedy heuristic policy for the infinite‐horizon version of our model with independent and identically distributed demands. Numerical results show that our heuristic policy performs well.
Enhancement in thermo‐electric energy harvesting efficiency by embedding PDMS in form‐stable PCM composites
Authors: Yu Chengbin , Youn Jae Ryoun , Song Young Seok 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGraphene aerogel is widely utilized as a supporting material for latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) applications, since the three‐dimensional (3D) interconnected structure can hold the working materials. In this work, the mechanical properties and flexibilities of the graphene aerogel were enhanced to reduce the volume shrinkage of phase change material (PCM) composites while the material melts and is infiltrated. For this, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was introduced to the aerogel by solution spray treatment. Because the latent heat (ΔH) is proportional to the PCM weight, the volume shrinkage can influence the thermo‐electric energy conversion efficiency. The PDMS‐embedded in graphene aerogel significantly enhanced the mechanical property and dimensional stability. Finite element simulation was carried out for comparison with the experimental result.
Influence of surface treatments and coupling agents on the thermal and thermo‐mechanical properties of yerba mate/post‐consumer polypropylene composites
Authors: Hansen Betina , Borsoi Cleide , Gemmer Ruan Ezequiel , Dahlem Júnior Marcos Aurélio , Zattera Ademir José , Catto André Luis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this work is to evaluate an interaction between yerba mate fibers (YM) and post‐consumption polypropylene (r‐PP) using the surface treatments and coupling agent. YM fibers were submitted to two different surface treatments: alkaline solution (NaOH 10%) and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) (5 wt%). The influence of 5 wt% addition of maleic anhydride (MA)‐grafted polypropylene copolymer (PP‐g‐MA) coupling agent in the composite processing was also evaluated. YM of 30 wt% was loaded into r‐PP by extrusion, and then the specimens were prepared by injection molding. The results showed that all treatments were effective in improving thermal stability increase the maximum degradation temperature by approximately 5°C, as also confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Composite with PP‐g‐MA presented the greater increase in thermal stability and in the crystallization index (approximately 46% in relation to the r‐PP/YM30 composite). DMA analysis revealed increases in the storage and loss moduli and a decrease in the damping factor for all composites produced with treated fibers and coupling agent. The enhancement of the analyzed properties of these composites is related to the better interfacial adhesion between YM fiber and r‐PP, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscope micrographs.
Enhancement of Synaptic Characteristics Achieved by the Optimization of Proton–Electron Coupling Effect in a Solid‐State Electrolyte‐Gated Transistor
Authors: Jin Dong‐Gyu , Kim Seung‐Hwan , Kim Seung‐Geun , Park June , Park Euyjin , Yu Hyun‐Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPresently, the 3‐terminal artificial synapse device has been in focus for neuromorphic computing systems owing to its excellent weight controllability. Here, an artificial synapse device based on the 3‐terminal solid‐state electrolyte‐gated transistor is proposed to achieve outstanding synaptic characteristics with a human‐like mechanism at low power. Novel synaptic characteristics are accomplished by precisely tuning the threshold voltage using the proton‐electron coupling effect, which is caused by proton migration inside the electrolyte. However, these synaptic characteristics are degraded because traps at the interface of channel/electrolyte disturb the proton–electron coupling effect. To minimize degradation, the oxygen plasma treatment is performed to reduce interface traps. As a result, symmetric weight updates and outstanding synaptic characteristics are achieved. Furthermore, high repeatability and long‐term plasticity are observed at low operating power, which is essential for artificial synapses. Therefore, this study shows the progress of artificial synapses and proposes a promising method, a low‐power neuromorphic system, to achieve high accuracy.
Root architecture development in stony soils
Authors: Morandage Shehan , Vanderborght Jan , Zörner Mirjam , Cai Gaochao , Leitner Daniel , Vereecken Harry , Schnepf Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoils with high stone content represent a challenge to root development, as each stone is an obstacle to root growth. A high stone content also affects soil properties such as temperature or water content, which in turn affects root growth. We investigated the effects of all soil properties combined on root development in the field using both experiments and modeling. Field experiments were carried out in rhizotron facilities during two consecutive growing seasons (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] and maize [Zea mays L.]) in silty loam soils with high (>50%) and low (<4%) stone contents. We extended the CPlantBox root architecture model to explicitly consider the presence of stones and simulated root growth on the plot scale over the whole vegetation period. We found that a linear increase of stone content resulted in a linear decrease of rooting depth across all stone contents and developmental stages considered, whereas rooting depth was only sensitive to cracks below a certain crack density and at earlier growth stages. Moreover, the impact of precipitation‐influenced soil strength had a relatively stronger impact on simulated root arrival curves during the vegetation periods than soil temperature. Resulting differences between stony and non‐stony soil of otherwise the same crop and weather conditions show similar trends as the differences observed in the rhizotron facilities. The combined belowground effects resulted in differences in characteristic root system measures of up to 48%. In future work, comparison of absolute values will require including shoot effects—in particular, different carbon availabilities.
A bibliometric analysis of orthogeriatric care: top 50 articles
Authors: Bastian Johannes Dominik , Meier Malin Kristin , Ernst Raphael Simon , Gieger Jochen , Stuck Andreas Ernst 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Population is ageing and orthogeriatric care is an emerging research topic.

Purpose
This bibliometric review aims to provide an overview, to investigate the status and trends in research in the field of orthogeriatric care of the most influential literature.

Methods
From the Core Collection databases in the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge, the most influential original articles with reference to orthogeriatric care were identified in December 2020 using a multistep approach. A total of 50 articles were included and analysed in this bibliometric review.

Results
The 50 most cited articles were published between 1983 and 2017. The number of total citations per article ranged from 34 to 704 citations (mean citations per article: n = 93). Articles were published in 34 different journals between 1983 and 2017. In the majority of publications, geriatricians (62%) accounted for the first authorship, followed by others (20%) and (orthopaedic) surgeons (18%). Articles mostly originated from Europe (76%), followed by Asia–pacific (16%) and Northern America (8%). Key countries (UK, Sweden, and Spain) and key topic (hip fracture) are key drivers in the orthogeriatric research. The majority of articles reported about therapeutic studies (62%).

Conclusion
This bibliometric review acknowledges recent research. Orthogeriatric care is an emerging research topic in which surgeons have a potential to contribute and other topics such as intraoperative procedures, fractures other than hip fractures or elective surgery are related topics with the potential for widening the field to research.
Freisetzung von Aluminium aus Glitzerpartikeln bei herausnehmbaren kieferorthopädischen Apparaturen
Authors: Wepner Lena , Färber Harald Andreas , Weber Anna , Jaensch Andreas , Keilig Ludger , Heuser Florian Andreas , Bourauel Christoph Peter 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Um bei kieferorthopädischen Behandlungen die Therapietreue von Kindern zu unterstützen, werden bei herausnehmbaren Apparaturen häufig Glitzerpartikel in den Kunststoff eingebettet, die Aluminium (Al) enthalten. Bei einer Tragedauer von bis zu 16 h täglich über 2–3 Jahre kann angenommen werden, dass über die Zeit Al-Ionen in den Speichel diffundieren. Ziel der Studie war es, die Freisetzung von Al-Ionen aus dem Kunststoff unter Verwendung verschiedener kieferorthopädischer Drähte zu untersuchen.

Materialien und Methode
Es wurden Prüfkörper (Oberfläche 5,65 cm2) aus kieferorthopädischem Kunststoff und verschiedenen Drähten angefertigt; die Hälfte enthielt Glitzerpartikel aus Aluminium. Die Prüfkörper wurden 7 Tage lang in Petrischalen mit 50 ml Korrosionsmedium (pH 2,3) gem. DIN EN ISO 10271 bei 37 °C eingelegt. Zur Quantifizierung der spezifischen Ionen in der Korrosionslösung wurde die induktiv gekoppelte Plasmamassenspektrometrie (inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry, ICP-MS) verwendet.

Ergebnisse
Die statistische Analyse zeigte einen signifikanten Unterschied in der Konzentration der Al-Ionen zwischen Proben mit und ohne Glitzerpartikel. Die Konzentrationen aus Proben mit Glitzer erreichten bis zu 14.474 μg/l Al-Ionen, Proben ohne Glitzer enthielten im Durchschnitt 1260 μg/l. Ein geringer Anteil der Al-Ionen kann aus den Legierungen der Drähte stammen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Es sollte untersucht werden, ob die Aluminiumkonzentration zu Gesundheitsrisiken für den Menschen führen kann. Angesichts der Befunde sollten Kieferorthopäden keine glitzerhaltigen Apparaturen anbieten, um die Aluminiumaufnahme mit dem Speichel zu minimieren. Es muss geklärt werden, ob die in der Mundhöhle vorgefundenen Bedingungen zu gleichen Ergebnissen führen wie unter den oben genannten. Gesetzliche Regelungen sollten entwickelt werden, um die Freisetzung von Aluminium aus kieferorthopädischen Produkten zu begrenzen.
A DNA microarray for the authentication of giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) and whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei): a proof-of-principle
Authors: Kappel Kristina , Fafińska Joanna , Fischer Markus , Fritsche Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis proof-of-principle study describes the development of a rapid and easy-to-use DNA microarray assay for the authentication of giant tiger prawns and whiteleg shrimp. Following DNA extraction and conventional end-point PCR of a 16S rDNA segment, the PCR products are hybridised to species-specific oligonucleotide probes on DNA microarrays located at the bottom of centrifuge tubes (ArrayTubes) and the resulting signal patterns are compared to those of reference specimens. A total of 21 species-specific probes were designed and signal patterns were recorded for 47 crustacean specimens belonging to 16 species of seven families. A hierarchical clustering of the signal patterns demonstrated the specificity of the DNA microarray for the two target species. The DNA microarray can easily be expanded to other important crustaceans. As the complete assay can be performed within half a day and does not require taxonomic expertise, it represents a rapid and simple alternative to tedious DNA barcoding and could be used by crustacean trading companies as well as food control authorities for authentication of crustacean commodities.
Graphical abstract
Patterns and Effects of Admission Hyperglycemia and Inflammatory Response in Trauma Patients: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: El‐Menyar Ayman , Asim Mohammad , Mir Fayaz , Hakim Suhail , Kanbar Ahad , Siddiqui Tariq , Younis Basil , Ahmed Khalid , Mahmood Ismail , Atique Sajid , Al Jogol Hisham , Taha Ibrahim , Mustafa Fuad , Alabdallat Mohammad , Abdelrahman Husham , Peralta Ruben , Al‐Thani Hassan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe constellation of the initial hyperglycemia, proinflammatory cytokines and severity of injury among trauma patients is understudied. We aimed to evaluate the patterns and effects of on‐admission hyperglycemia and inflammatory response in a level 1 trauma center. We hypothesized that higher initial readings of blood glucose and cytokines are associated with severe injuries and worse in‐hospital outcomes in trauma patients.MethodsA prospective, observational study was conducted for adult trauma patients who were admitted and tested for on‐admission blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐18 and hs‐CRP. Patients were categorized into four groups [non‐diabetic normoglycemic, diabetic normoglycemic, diabetic hyperglycemic (DH) and stress‐induced hyperglycemic (SIH)]. The inflammatory markers were measured on three time points (admission, 24 h and 48 h). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to account for the correlation for the inflammatory markers. Pearson's correlation test and logistic regression analysis were also performed.ResultsDuring the study period, 250 adult trauma patients were enrolled. Almost 13% of patients presented with hyperglycemia (50% had SIH and 50% had DH). Patients with SIH were younger, had significantly higher Injury Severity Score (ISS), higher IL‐6 readings, prolonged hospital length of stay and higher mortality. The SIH group had lower Revised Trauma Score (p = 0.005), lower Trauma Injury Severity Score (p = 0.01) and lower GCS (p = 0.001). Patients with hyperglycemia had higher in‐hospital mortality than the normoglycemia group (12.5% vs 3.7%; p = 0.02). A significant correlation was identified between the initial blood glucose level and serum lactate, IL‐6, ISS and hospital length of stay. Overall rate of change in slope 88.54 (95% CI:‐143.39–33.68) points was found more in hyperglycemia than normoglycemia group (p = 0.002) for IL‐6 values, whereas there was no statistical significant change in slopes of age, gender and their interaction. The initial IL‐6 levels correlated with ISS (r = 0.40, p = 0.001). On‐admission hyperglycemia had an adjusted odds ratio 2.42 (95% CI: 1.076–5.447, p = 0.03) for severe injury (ISS > 12) after adjusting for age, shock index and blood transfusion.ConclusionsIn trauma patients, on‐admission hyperglycemia correlates well with the initial serum IL‐6 level and is associated with more severe injuries. Therefore, it could be a simple marker of injury severity and useful tool for patient triage and risk assessment.Trial registrationThis study was registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02999386), retrospectively Registered on December 21, 2016. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02999386.
FHOD1 and FMNL1 formin proteins in intestinal gastric cancer: correlation with tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and molecular subtypes
Authors: Mansuri Naziha , Heuser Vanina D. , Birkman Eva-Maria , Lintunen Minnamaija , Ålgars Annika , Sundström Jari , Ristamäki Raija , Carpén Olli , Lehtinen Laura 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer death. Intestinal type GC is a molecularly diverse disease. Formins control cytoskeletal processes and have been implicated in the progression of many cancers. Their clinical significance in GC remains unclear. Here, we characterize the expression of formin proteins FHOD1 and FMNL1 in intestinal GC tissue samples and investigate their association with clinical parameters, GC molecular subtypes and intratumoral T lymphocytes.

Methods
The prognostic significance of FHOD1 and FMNL1 mRNA expression was studied with Kaplan–Meier analyses in an online database. The expression of FHOD1 and FMNL1 proteins was characterized in GC cells, and in non-neoplastic and malignant tissues utilizing tumor microarrays of intestinal GC representing different molecular subtypes. FHOD1 and FMNL1 expression was correlated with clinical parameters, molecular features and T lymphocyte infiltration. Immunohistochemical expression of neither formin correlated with survival.

Results
Kaplan–Meier analysis associated high FHOD1 and FMNL1 mRNA expression with reduced overall survival (OS). Characterization of FHOD1 and FMNL1 in GC cells showed cytoplasmic expression along the actin filaments. Similar pattern was recapitulated in GC tissue samples. Elevated FMNL1 was associated with larger tumor size and higher disease stage. Downregulation of FHOD1 associated with TP53-mutated GC tumors. Tumor cell FHOD1 expression strongly correlated with high numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + lymphocytes.

Conclusions
FHOD1 and FMNL1 proteins are expressed in the tumor cells of intestinal GC and significantly associate with clinical parameters without direct prognostic significance. FHOD1 correlates with high intratumoral CD8 + T lymphocyte infiltration in this cohort.
The Over-Riding Role of Autocatalysis in Allylic Oxidation
Authors: Miedziak Peter J. , Pattisson Samuel , Edwards Jennifer K. , Tarbit Brian , Taylor Stuart H. , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we aim to highlight the need to consider the possible role of autocatalysis in oxidation reactions when using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant. Oxygen in its ground state is a diradical, and depending on the reaction conditions, it can initiate oxidation through radical pathways through mechanisms which do not require the presence of a catalyst. Consequently, we contrast the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with oxidation of α-pinene. For benzyl alcohol oxidation the initial reaction is the oxidative dehydrogenation to form benzaldehyde, a non-radical process; but the subsequent over-oxidation to benzoic acid is a radical process. In this case the role of the autocatalysed reaction can be minimised. With α-pinene, the oxidation reaction is via radical pathways and now the autocatalysed reaction can be dominant and, indeed, can be the preferred pathway for the formation of high yields of the desired verbenone product.
Graphic Abstract
An in-depth analysis of the individual impact of controlled language rules on machine translation output: a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Marzouk Shaimaa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExamining the general impact of Controlled Language (CL) rules in the context of Machine Translation (MT) has been an area of research for many years. The present study focuses on the following question: how do CL rules impact MT outputindividually? By analysing a German corpus-based test suite of technical texts that have been translated into English by different MT systems, this study endeavours to answer this question at different levels: the general impact of CL rules (rule- and system-independent), their impact at rule level (system-independent) as well as at rule and system level. The results of five MT systems are analysed and contrasted: a rule-based system, a statistical system, two differently constructed hybrid systems, and a neural system. For this, a mixed-methods triangulation approach that includes error annotation, human evaluation, and automatic evaluation was applied. The data was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of CL influence on the following parameters: number and type of MT errors, style and content quality, and scores of two automatic evaluation metrics. In line with many studies, the results show a general positive impact of the applied CL rules on the MT output. However, at rule level, only four rules proved to have positive effects on the aforementioned parameters; three rules had negative effects on the parameters; and two rules did not show any significant impact. At rule and system level, the rules affected the MT systems differently, as expected. Rules that had a positive impact on earlier MT approaches did not show the same impact on the neural MT approach. Furthermore, neural MT delivered distinctly better results than earlier MT approaches, namely the highest error-free, style and content quality rates both before and after applying the rules, which indicates that neural MT offers a promising solution that no longer requires CL rules for improving the MT output.
Enhancing Cubes with Models to Describe Multidimensional Data
Authors: Francia Matteo , Marcel Patrick , Peralta Verónika , Rizzi Stefano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Intentional Analytics Model (IAM) has been recently envisioned as a new paradigm to couple OLAP and analytics. It relies on two basic ideas: (i) letting the user explore data by expressing her analysis intentions rather than the data she needs, and (ii) returning enhanced cubes, i.e., multidimensional data annotated with knowledge insights in the form of interesting model components (e.g., clusters). In this paper we contribute to give a proof-of-concept for the IAM vision by delivering an end-to-end implementation of , one of the five intention operators introduced by IAM. Among the research challenges left open in IAM, those we address are (i) automatically tuning the size of models (e.g., the number of clusters), (ii) devising a measure to estimate the interestingness of model components, (iii) selecting the most effective chart or graph for visualizing each enhanced cube depending on its features, and (iv) devising a visual metaphor to display enhanced cubes and interact with them. We assess the validity of our approach in terms of user effort for formulating intentions, effectiveness, efficiency, and scalability.
Stratifications on the Ran Space
Authors: Lazovskis Jānis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe describe a partial order on finite simplicial complexes. This partial order provides a poset stratification of the product of the Ran space of a metric space and the nonnegative real numbers, through the Čech simplicial complex. We show that paths in this product space respecting its stratification induce simplicial maps between the endpoints of the path.