bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in automated peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Salazar-Félix Noé A , Martin-del-Campo Fabiola , Cueto-Manzano Alfonso M , Romo-Flores María L , Velázquez-Vidaurri Alma L , Sánchez-Soriano Artemio , Ruvalcaba-Contreras Neri , Calderón-Fabian Alejandro , Rojas-Campos Enrique , Cortés-Sanabria Laura 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Cognitive deterioration decreases quality of life, self-care and adherence to treatment, increasing mortality risk. There is scarce information of cognitive impairment in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and data are controversial. Our aim was to determine the frequency and associated factors of cognitive impairment in patients on automated PD (APD).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 71 patients on APD underwent clinical, biochemical and cognitive function evaluation by means of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Cognitive function was also evaluated in healthy controls.

Results
Participants mean age was 42 ± 16 years, 79% were men and dialysis vintage was 17 months ( interquartile range 7–32). In APD patients, cognitive impairment was present in 7% (mild deterioration) and 68% according to the MMSE and MoCA, respectively, and 4 and 37% in the healthy controls. Patients with cognitive impairment (according to MoCA) were older, with less education, had diabetes more frequently and higher serum glucose as well as lower serum creatinine, phosphorus and sodium concentrations than patients with normal cognitive function. In multiple linear regression analysis, predictors for the MoCA score (R2 = 0.63, P = 0.002) were education {B = 0.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20–0.89]; P = 0.003}, age [B = −0.11 (95% CI −0.21 to −0.01); P = 0.04], serum sodium [B = 0.58 (95% CI 0.05–1.11); P = 0.03] and creatinine concentration [B = 3.9 (95% CI 0.03–0.83); P = 0.03].

Conclusions
In this sample of APD patients, the prevalence of cognitive impairment by the MoCA was 65% and was associated with older age, lower education level and lower serum concentrations of sodium and creatinine.
OTHR-15. Assessment of TRIPOD adherence in articles developing machine learning models for differentiation of glioma from brain metastasis
Authors: Jekel Leon , Brim Waverly Rose , Petersen Gabriel Cassinelli , Subramanian Harry , Zeevi Tal , Payabvash Seyedmehdi , Bousabarah Khaled , Lin MingDe , Cui Jin , Brackett Alexandria , Johnson Michele , Malhotra Ajay , Aboian Mariam 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Machine learning (ML) applications in predictive models in neuro-oncology have become an increasingly investigated subject of research. For their incorporation into clinical practice, rigorous assessment is needed to reduce bias. Several reports have indicated utility of ML applications in differentiation of glioma from brain metastasis. However, a systematic assessment of quality of methodology and reporting in these studies has not been done yet. We examined the adherence of 29 published reports in this field to the TRIPOD statement, which is similar to CLAIM checklist.

Materials and Methods
Our systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane trials (CENTRAL) and Web of science core-collection were searched. Keywords included artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, radiomics, magnetic resonance imaging, glioma, and glioblastoma. Assessment of TRIPOD adherence in 29 eligible studies was performed. Individual item performance was assessed by adherence index (ADI), the ratio of mean achieved score to maximum score per TRIPOD item.

Results
In a preliminary analysis of 8 studies, the average TRIPOD adherence score was 0.48 (14.25/30 items fulfilled) with individual scores ranging from 0.27 (8/30) to 0.60 (18/30). Best overall item performance, with an ADI of 1, was seen in item 3 (Background/Objectives), 16 (Model performance) and 19 (Interpretation). Poorest performance was detected in item 1 (Title) and 2 (Abstract), followed by item 9 (Missing Data) with ADI of 0, 0 and 0.13, respectively.

Conclusion
Preliminary results underline the lack of reproducibility in ML studies on distinction between glioma and brain metastasis. An average TRIPOD adherence score of 0.48 indicates insufficient quality of reporting and outlines the need for increased utilization of quality scoring systems in study documentation. Systematic evaluation of quality score adherence will allow us to identify common flaws in this field for enabling translation of models into clinical workflow.
RADI-02. Hippocampal-sparing whole brain volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning in Monaco: a “How-to” not pull your hair out
Authors: Goss Matthew , Rowles Rochelle , Spanovich Lisa , Wegner Rodney , Hasan Shaakir , Horne Zachary 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose
NRG-CC001 recently reported positive results on hippocampal-sparing IMRT (HS-IMRT) in conjunction with memantine for the reduction in cognitive decline compared to conventional whole brain radiation therapy. Herein, we report our experience in planning volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) cases in Monaco® with the anticipation of increased utilization of the planning technique for delivery on Elekta linear accelerators.

Methods and Materials
Twelve patients previously treated with whole brain radiation therapy who would have been eligible for NRG-CC001 were replanned with VMAT HS-IMRT for to a dose of 30Gy/10fx using constraints from the trial.

Results
All twelve patients were able to be planned with VMAT and achieve NRG-CC001 dose constraints. Median maximum and D100% to the right and left hippocampi were: 13.37Gy and 13.43Gy, respectively and 8.76Gy and 8.86Gy, respectively. Median coverage of the brain minus the hippocampi with 30Gy was 96.53%. All cases passed quality assurance testing with 3%/3mm and 2%/2mm criterion.

Conclusions
Hippocampal-sparing IMRT whole brain radiation therapy can be feasibly planned with VMAT technique in Monaco® and delivered on Elekta linear accelerators.
SURG-09. Benefits of laser interstitial thermal therapy in the treatment of biopsy-proven radiation necrosis
Authors: Lerner Emily , Srinivasan Ethan , Sankey Eric , Grabowski Matthew , Griffin Andrew , Howell Elizabeth , Otvos Balint , Tsvankin Vadim , Akit Ahmet , Joshi Krishna , Barnett Gene , Fecci Peter , Mohammadi Alireza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally-invasive treatment option often used for patients with deep-seated intracranial lesions. It has been implemented as a definitive treatment for radiation necrosis (RN), which occurs in 9–14% of patients after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BM). Medical management (MM) with steroids is a common first-line therapy, with variable response and numerous side effects, especially regarding immunotherapy.

Methods
Patients with biopsy-proven RN after SRS for BM who received LITT or MM at two academic centers were retrospectively reviewed. Treatment failure was defined as radiographic progression that necessitated a change in management. Measurements of total (TLV) and contrast-enhancing lesion volume (ceLV) were obtained from MRI by semi-automated analysis using the BrainLab iPlan Cranial 3.0 software.

Results
Seventy-two patients were followed for 10.0 (4.2–25.1) months and 57 (79%) received LITT. Steroid cessation occurred at a median of 37 days post-LITT compared to 245 days after MM (p&lt;0.01). On Kaplan-Meier analyses, there was no significant difference between the two groups in overall survival (LITT median of 15.2 months vs 11.6 months, p = 0.60) or freedom from local progression (13.6 months vs. 7.06 months), though LITT trended to show a benefit in both metrics. When controlled for follow-up duration, patients treated with LITT were three times more likely to be weaned off steroids prior to the study endpoint compared to those who were medically managed (p=0.003). The LITT cohort demonstrated a general radiographic trend of initially increased CeLV followed by contraction, with significant decreases from pre-operative at 10–12 months (p&lt;0.01). The MM group did not demonstrate any statistically significant radiographic trends.

Conclusion
These results suggest that LITT for RN significantly reduces the time to steroid cessation and characterize a stereotyped radiographic response to LITT. Future prospective studies will be important to their validation.
Wet-chemical synthesis of two-dimensional metal nanomaterials for electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Zijian , Zhai Li , Ge Yiyao , Huang Zhiqi , Shi Zhenyu , Liu Jiawei , Zhai Wei , Liang Jinzhe , Zhang Hua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) metal nanomaterials have gained ever-growing research interest owing to their fascinating physicochemical properties and promising application, especially in the field of electrocatalysis. In this review, we briefly introduce the recent advances in wet-chemical synthesis of 2D metal nanomaterials. Subsequently, the catalytic performances of 2D metal nanomaterials in a variety of electrochemical reactions are illustrated. Finally, we summarize current challenges and highlight our perspectives on preparing high-performance 2D metal electrocatalysts.
Addressing and Inspiring Vaccine Confidence in Black, Indigenous, and People of Color During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Marcelin Jasmine R , Swartz Talia H , Bernice Fidelia , Berthaud Vladimir , Christian Robbie , da Costa Christopher , Fadul Nada , Floris-Moore Michelle , Hlatshwayo Matifadza , Johansson Patrik , Kullar Ravina , Manning Kimberly , McGee Edoabasi U , Medlin Christopher , Piggott Damani A , Syed Uzma , Snowden Jessica , Tan Tina , Abdul-Mutakabbir Jacinda C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we have witnessed profound health inequities suffered by Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). These manifested as differential access to testing early in the pandemic, rates of severe disease and death 2–3 times higher than white Americans, and, now, significantly lower vaccine uptake compared with their share of the population affected by COVID-19. This article explores the impact of these COVID-19 inequities (and the underlying cause, structural racism) on vaccine acceptance in BIPOC populations, ways to establish trustworthiness of healthcare institutions, increase vaccine access for BIPOC communities, and inspire confidence in COVID-19 vaccines.
Does high unemployment mobilize the unemployed? Evidence using Swedish register data
Authors: Österman Marcus , Lindgren Karl-Oskar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article contributes to recent scholarship on the effects of economic hardship on political participation, and particularly on the issue of how individual and contextual effects interact. More specifically, we study whether the effect of individual unemployment on turnout depends on the level of aggregate unemployment. In contrast to most existing researchers on this topic, we argue that contextual unemployment may reinforce the negative effects of individual unemployment. We also contend that previous studies have not adequately considered how the composition of the unemployed population differs across times of high and low unemployment. Our empirical approach uses state-of-the-art Swedish register panel data, which gives us good opportunities to control for the selection of the unemployed population over the business cycle. We find that once this problem of dynamic selection is taken into account, the negative effect of individual unemployment on electoral turnout is actually stronger in high unemployment contexts.
The Impact of Taking Family Leaves Across Finnish Fathers’ Wage Distribution
Authors: Morosow Kathrin , Cooke Lynn Prince 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEvidence is mixed as to whether less- or more-advantaged fathers suffer penalties for taking paid family leave and the reasons for this. Perhaps selection into taking leave differs among fathers, or taking leave increases some fathers’ commitment to family over paid work, or taking it sends a negative signal to employers about future work-family priorities. We contribute to the literature by distinguishing between the initial paternity leave taken by the majority of fathers, and subsequent solo paternal leave taken by fewer fathers that indicates and signals greater family commitment. We also develop competing hypotheses about why low- or high-wage fathers may be penalized more for taking family leave. These are tested analyzing 2001 to 2014 waves of Finnish administrative panel data using unconditional quantile regression with various fixed-effects models. Net of selection, no fathers incur a sustained wage penalty for taking paternity leave, although distributed fixed-effects models reveal the highest-wage fathers receive a temporary penalty that we attribute to signaling. All fathers who also take solo paternal leave have decreasing post-leave wage trajectories. Only lower-wage fathers accrue significant penalties, however, suggesting that taking the leave shifts their priorities more toward family. We conclude the repercussions of taking shorter or longer family leaves and their sources differ across fathers’ wage distribution.
Affective Economies in Blood Banks and Biobanks: Vital Accounting from US Transfusion Medicine to Genetic Research, 1935–1990
Authors: Metcalf Kathryne 
Published: August 2021

Summary
Medical blood banks and research biobanks are frequently figured as immobile middlemen in the larger machinations of biomedicine, possessing little power to influence the meaning or mobilisation of the biomaterials they accumulate. However, as the institutions that facilitate the collection and circulation of blood for a variety of purposes, blood and biobanks—much like their financial namesakes—legitimate certain practices and constitute the conditions of possibility for others. By following the ‘banking’ metaphor from its origins in 1930s US blood banking through global research specimen collection in the latter half of the century, this essay argues that economic rhetoric has worked to reproduce systems of classed and raced inequity within the circulation of blood through US medicine and research, in turn shifting the affective valences of raced and classed bodies as donors, patients and research subjects.
Rapid changes in overnight blood pressure after transitioning to early-morning shiftwork
Authors: McHill Andrew W , Velasco Josie , Bodner Todd , Shea Steven A , Olson Ryan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Risk for adverse cardiovascular events increases when blood pressure does not decrease at night (“non-dipping,” &lt;10% decrease from daytime blood pressure). Shiftwork alters relationships between behaviors and endogenous circadian rhythms (i.e., circadian disruption along with variable sleep timing), and chronic shiftwork increases cardiovascular disease risk. To determine whether transitioning into shiftwork changes the overnight blood pressure dipping pattern, we leveraged a natural experiment that occurs when newly-hired bus operators transition from a daytime training schedule into an early-morning shiftwork or daywork schedule. Twenty participants were studied in a 90-day protocol upon new employment and underwent cardio-metabolic health assessments, including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and weekly sleep-wake diaries. Measurements were repeated after ~30 and 90 days after transitioning to a day or an early-morning shiftwork schedule. Newly-hired shiftworkers displayed dramatic changes in overnight blood pressure, with 62% converting from a healthy dipping blood pressure to the nondipping pattern, resulting in 93% of shiftworkers displaying a nondipping phenotype at 90-days. In contrast, 50% of dayworkers had a nondipping profile at baseline and this decreased to 0% at 90-days, a significant difference from shiftworkers (p = .001). At 90-days, overnight blood pressure dipping was ~7% less in shiftworkers than dayworkers (–6.3% [95%CI –3.7 to –8.8%] vs –13.1% [–10.3 to –15.9%]: p &lt; .01), with changes in dipping associated with changes in sleep timing variability (r2 = .28, p = .03). The observed changes in overnight blood pressure dipping in newly-hired early-morning shiftworkers, which were associated with sleep timing variability, may be an early warning sign of increased cardiovascular risk among shiftworkers.
Phylogenomic and Macroevolutionary Evidence for an Explosive Radiation of a Plant Genus in the Miocene
Authors: Kong Hanghui , Condamine Fabien L , Yang Lihua , Harris A J , Feng Chao , Wen Fang , Kang Ming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mountain systems harbor a substantial fraction of global biodiversity and, thus, provide excellent opportunities to study rapid diversification and to understand the historical processes underlying the assembly of biodiversity hotspots. The rich biodiversity in mountains is widely regarded as having arisen under the influence of geological and climatic processes as well as the complex interactions among them. However, the relative contribution of geology and climate in driving species radiation is seldom explored. Here, we studied the evolutionary radiation of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae), which has diversified extensively throughout East Asia, especially within the Hengduan Mountains (HDM), using transcriptomic data and a time calibrated phylogeny for 88% (111/126) of all species of the genus. In particular, we applied phylogenetic reconstructions to evaluate the extent of incomplete lineage sorting accompanying the early and rapid radiation in the genus. We then fit macroevolutionary models to explore its spatial and diversification dynamics in Oreocharis and applied explicit birth–death models to investigate the effects of past environmental changes on its diversification. Evidence from 574 orthologous loci suggest that Oreocharis underwent an impressive early burst of speciation starting ca. 12 Ma in the Miocene, followed by a drastic decline in speciation toward the present. Although we found no evidence for a shift in diversification rate across the phylogeny of Oreocharis, we showed a difference in diversification dynamics between the HDM and non-HDM lineages, with higher diversification rates in the HDM. The diversification dynamic of Oreocharis is most likely positively associated with temperature-dependent speciation and dependency on the Asian monsoons. We suggest that the warm and humid climate of the mid-Miocene was probably the primary driver of the rapid diversification in Oreocharis, while mountain building of the HDM might have indirectly affected species diversification of the HDM lineage. This study highlights the importance of past climatic changes, combined with mountain building, in creating strong environmental heterogeneity and driving diversification of mountain plants, and suggests that the biodiversity in the HDM cannot directly be attributed to mountain uplift, contrary to many recent speculations.[East Asian monsoons; environmental heterogeneity; Hengduan Mountains; incomplete lineage sorting; Oreocharis; past climate change; rapid diversification; transcriptome.]
Trajectory of Pain, Functional Limitation, and Parental Coping Resources Following Pediatric Short-stay Surgery
Authors: Jaaniste Tiina , Wood Jordan G. , Johnson Anya , Nguyen Helena , Chan David Bertrand , Powell Alexandra , Pfeiffer Genevieve , Wong Brandon , Champion G. David 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
Although there are many benefits of short-stay hospital admissions for high volume, pediatric surgical procedures, this model of care places greater responsibility on parents for the management of children’s pain. This study aimed to document the trajectory of child pain outcomes and a range of parent-reported functional outcomes following discharge from a short-stay surgical admission. Moreover, we aimed to document the trajectory of parental perceived personal coping resources. Second, we assessed whether parental dispositional factors, assessed before hospital discharge, predicted the child’s pain intensity and parent-reported functional recovery.

Methods:
Participants included children (aged 4 to 14 y) admitted for a short-stay tonsillectomy or appendectomy, and their parents. Parents completed a questionnaire before discharge from hospital. Demographic and surgical information was recorded from medical records. Following discharge, daily assessments of pain and functioning were carried out over a 10-day period using iPods or mobile phones. Predischarge and postdischarge data were obtained for 55 child and parent dyads.

Results:
Pain intensity scores returned to low levels (2/10 or less) by day 5 for appendectomy and day 10 for tonsillectomy. Parents’ perceived personal coping resources increased more slowly following tonsillectomy than appendectomy. Controlling for time since surgery and parental coping resources, parental pain-related catastrophizing was a significant predictor of child pain and functional recovery.

Discussion:
Short-stay surgery results in parents facing considerable burden in managing their child’s pain and functional impairment over a 10-day period. The potential value of screening for parental pain-related catastrophizing before discharge from hospital warrants further consideration and may enable identification of children likely to experience poorer recovery.
Determining C2 Pedicle Screw Placement Feasibility in the Pediatric Population: A Computed Tomographic Safe Zone Analysis
Authors: Hirase Takashi , Zhuge Wu , Phelps Christopher I. , Kushwaha Vivek P. , Marco Rex A.W. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Due to high rates of anatomic variability of the C2 pedicle, thin-sliced pedicular-oriented computed tomography (CT) and 3-dimensional reconstructive CT technologies have been introduced to predict safe C2 pedicle screw placement. However, this technology may not be readily available in all centers. The purpose of this study was to perform a C2 pedicle safe zone analysis using standard sagittal CT scans to predict the feasibility of C2 pedicle screw placement in a pediatric population and to compare the results with our previously obtained safe zone analysis from the adult population.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed at a single level I trauma center of pediatric patients who completed CT scans of the cervical spine. The feasibility of C2 pedicle screw placement was analyzed using our previously described C2 pedicle safe zone analysis technique. The risk profiles were compared with our previously obtained safe zone analysis from the adult population.

Results:
Thirty-nine consecutive patients with a mean age of 7.8±4.4 years and 78 total pedicles were included in the study. Fourteen pedicles (18%) were considered low risk, 37 (47%) were moderate risk, and 27 (35%) were high risk for vertebral artery injury. Individual patients were found to have a significant amount of side-to-side variability between pedicles with 21 patients (54%) having left and right pedicles with different risk profiles. Four patients (10%) demonstrated low risk profiles in bilateral pedicles. There was no significant difference between the risk profiles of pediatric and adult patients.

Conclusions:
There is a considerable amount of anatomic variability within the pediatric C2 pedicles. Using this simple and accessible technique during the review of preoperative imaging, C2 pedicle screw placement may be considered in appropriately selected pediatric patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.