bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constitutive model and microstructural evolution of hot deformation of investment-cast Ti-4Al-0.005B alloy
Authors: Xuewen Zong , Jian Zhang , Bingheng Lu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hot compression tests of investment-cast Ti-4Al-0.005B (TA5) alloy were conducted over a wide temperature range of 750 °C–850 °C at strain rates of 0.01–1 s−1. Based on the flow stress curve and dynamic material model, a constitutive equation is established. The thermal deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of investment-cast TA5 alloy at high temperatures is systematically analyzed. The results show that the Zener-Hollomon parameter′s formula calculates the apparent activation energy of TA5 as 469893 J · mol−1, α is 0.0032, and the apparent value of n is 12.34. The peak flow stress decreases with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. At high strain rates, the grains appear nonuniform and exhibit microcracks. Thus, high temperature and low-strain rate are beneficial to the occurrence of slip. Under these conditions, grain boundaries can sufficiently migrate, the microstructure remains compact and stable, and dynamic recrystallization grains distribution is more uniform. Therefore, the high-temperature and low-strain zone is most suitable for processing TA5 alloy.
Microwave transmittance characteristics in different uniquely designed one-dimensional plasma photonic crystals
Authors: WU Zhicheng , DONG Mengfei , FAN Weili , GAO Kuangya , LIANG Yueqiang , LIU Fucheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plasma photonic crystals (PPCs) are emerging as a powerful instrument for the dynamical control of the electromagnetic properties of a propagating wave. Here we demonstrate several one-dimensional (1D) PPCs with uniquely designed superlattice structures, annular structures or with incorporation of the third material into the primitive unit cell. The influences of the properties of the third material as well as the structural configurations of suplerlattices on the transmittance characteristics of PPCs have been investigated by use of the finite element method. The optimal design strategy for producing PPCs that have more and larger band gaps is provided. These new schemes can potentially be extended to 2D or 3D plasma crystals, which may find broad applications in the manipulation of microwaves and terahertz waves.
Activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability in Swedish 85-year-olds born three decades apart—findings from the H70 study
Authors: Falk Erhag Hanna , Wetterberg Hanna , Johansson Lena , Rydén Lina , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveOlder adults make up the fastest growing segment of the population, and disability rates increase with age. There is much debate whether later born cohorts of 85-year-olds will face the same disability rates as earlier born cohorts. This study aimed to examine ADL and IADL disability in three birth cohorts of Swedish 85-year-olds born three decades apart, examined in 1986–87, 2008–10 and 2015-16, as well as potential factors associated with ADL and IADL disability in these birth-cohorts.MethodsSystematically selected population-based birth cohorts of 85-year-olds (n = 1,551) from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort studies, Sweden, born in 1901–02 (n = 494), 1923–24 (n = 571) and 1930 (n = 486) and examined with identical methods. Disability was defined as a need for assistance in any ADL/IADL activities.ResultsADL/IADL disability decreased between cohorts in both men and women (from 76.7% in 1986–87, to 58.4% in 2008–10, and 48.4% in 2015–16, P-value trend &lt;.001). Factors associated with ADL/IADL disability varied between cohorts, although dementia and depression increased the odds of disability in all three birth cohorts.ConclusionLater born cohorts of 85-year-olds face less ADL/IADL disability compared to earlier born cohorts. As disability poses a significant financial burden on healthcare services, our findings might contribute to a more positive view on global ageing and the demographic challenges ahead. However, it might also be that in later born cohorts, ADL/IADL disability affects people at later ages, but due to increased longevity, the total number of years in late-life with a functional disability will remain the same.
Unemployment Insurance and Mortality Among the Long-Term Unemployed: A Population-Based Matched-Cohort Study
Authors: Shahidi Faraz Vahid , Parnia Abtin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Unemployment insurance is hypothesized to play an important role in mitigating the adverse health consequences of job loss. In this prospective cohort study, we examined whether receiving unemployment benefits is associated with lower mortality among the long-term unemployed. Census records from the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (n = 2,105,595) were linked to mortality data from 2006–2016. Flexible parametric survival analysis and propensity score matching were used to model time-varying relationships between long-term unemployment (≥20 weeks), unemployment-benefit recipiency, and all-cause mortality. Mortality was consistently lower among unemployed individuals who reported receiving unemployment benefits, relative to matched nonrecipients. For example, mortality at 2 years of follow-up was 18% lower (95% confidence interval (CI): 9, 26) among men receiving benefits and 30% lower (95% CI: 18, 40) among women receiving benefits. After 10 years of follow-up, unemployment-benefit recipiency was associated with 890 (95% CI: 560, 1,230) fewer deaths per 100,000 men and 1,070 (95% CI: 810, 1,320) fewer deaths per 100,000 women. Our findings indicate that receiving unemployment benefits is associated with lower mortality among the long-term unemployed. Expanding access to unemployment insurance may improve population health and reduce health inequalities associated with job loss.
MotifGenie: a Python application for searching transcription factor binding sequences using ChIP-Seq datasets
Authors: Oguztuzun Cerag , Yasar Pelin , Yavuz Kerim , Muyan Mesut , Can Tolga 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Next generation sequencing enabled the fast accumulation of genomic data at public repositories. This technology also made it possible to better understand the regulation of gene expression by transcription factors (TFs) and various chromatin-associated proteins through the integration of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-Seq). The Cistrome Project has become one of the indispensable research portals for biologists to access and analyze data generated with thousands of ChIP-Seq experiments. Integrative motif analysis on shared binding regions among a set of experiments is not yet achievable despite a set of search and analysis tools provided by Cistrome via its web interface and the Galaxy framework.

Results
We implemented a python command-line tool for searching binding sequences of a TF common to multiple ChIP-Seq experiments. We use the peaks in the Cistrome database as identified by MACS 2.0 for each experiment and identify shared peak regions in a genomic locus of interest. We then scan these regions for binding sequences using a binding motif of a TF obtained from the JASPAR database. MotifGenie is developed in collaboration with molecular biologists and its findings are corroborated by laboratory experiments.

Availability and implementation
MotifGenie is freely available at https://github.com/ceragoguztuzun/MotifGenie.
Exposure to sevoflurane results in changes of transcription factor occupancy in sperm and inheritance of autism†
Authors: Wang Hsiao-Lin V , Forestier Samantha , Corces Victor G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One in 54 children in the United States is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. De novo germline and somatic mutations cannot account for all cases of autism spectrum disorder, suggesting that epigenetic alterations triggered by environmental exposures may be responsible for a subset of autism spectrum disorder cases. Human and animal studies have shown that exposure of the developing brain to general anesthetic agents can trigger neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral abnormalities, but the effects of general anesthetics on the germline have not been explored in detail. We exposed pregnant mice to sevoflurane during the time of embryonic development when the germ cells undergo epigenetic reprogramming and found that more than 38% of the directly exposed F1 animals exhibit impairments in anxiety and social interactions. Strikingly, 44–47% of the F2 and F3 animals, which were not directly exposed to sevoflurane, show the same behavioral problems. We performed ATAC-seq and identified more than 1200 differentially accessible sites in the sperm of F1 animals, 69 of which are also present in the sperm of F2 animals. These sites are located in regulatory regions of genes strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder, including Arid1b, Ntrk2, and Stmn2. These findings suggest that epimutations caused by exposing germ cells to sevoflurane can lead to autism spectrum disorder in the offspring, and this effect can be transmitted through the male germline inter- and transgenerationally.
Acculturation Orientations, Professional Interventions and Burnout amongst Ethnic Minority Social Workers Working with Ethnic Minority Clients: A Case of Arab Citizens of Israel
Authors: Tartakovsky Eugene 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, we formulate a new bicultural model of social work with ethnic minorities. The suggested model connects acculturation orientations, professional interventions and burnout amongst social workers working with ethnic minority clients. We tested this model in a sample of Arab Israeli social workers (n = 299). The study results confirmed that ethnic minority social workers working with ethnic minority clients used interventions that may be classified as either rooted in the minority or the majority culture. Arab Israeli social workers used slightly more often interventions rooted in the minority than the majority culture; however, the two types of intervention were complementary rather than contradictory. Acculturation orientations of Arab Israeli social workers were connected to their choice of professional interventions. Specifically, a higher preference for separation was associated with more frequent use of professional interventions rooted in the minority culture. In contrast, a higher preference for integration was associated with more frequent use of interventions rooted in both minority and majority cultures. More frequent use of interventions rooted in the majority culture was associated with a lower level of burnout and a higher level of personal accomplishment, whilst more frequent use of interventions rooted in the minority culture was associated with a higher level of burnout. Based on the obtained results, an integrative approach to education and training of social workers and social work practice with ethnic minorities is advocated.
High Prevalence of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions, and Prevention Through Human Papillomavirus Vaccination, in Young Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Palefsky Joel M , Lensing Shelly Y , Belzer Marvin , Lee Jeannette , Gaur Aditya H , Mayer Kenneth , Futterman Donna , Stier Elizabeth A , Paul Mary E , Chiao Elizabeth Y , Reirden Daniel , Goldstone Stephen E , Tirado Maribel , Cachay Edward R , Barroso Luis F , Da Costa Maria , Darragh Teresa M , Rudy Bret J , Wilson Craig M , Kahn Jessic A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)–related anal cancer. Little is known about the prevalence of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) and the anal cancer precursor, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), among young MSM with HIV (MSMLWH). HPV vaccination is recommended in this group, but its safety, immunogenicity, and protection against vaccine-type HPV infection and associated LSILs/HSILs have not been studied.

Methods
Two hundred and sixty MSMLWH aged 18–26 years were screened at 17 US sites for a clinical trial of the quadrivalent (HPV6,11,16,18) HPV (qHPV) vaccine. Those without HSILs were vaccinated at 0, 2, and 6 months. Cytology, high-resolution anoscopy with biopsies of lesions, serology, and HPV testing of the mouth/penis/scrotum/anus/perianus were performed at screening/month 0 and months 7, 12, and 24.

Results
Among 260 MSMLWH screened, the most common reason for exclusion was detection of HSILs in 88/260 (34%). 144 MSMLWH were enrolled. 47% of enrollees were previously exposed to HPV16. No incident qHPV type–associated anal LSILs/HSILs were detected among men naive to that type, compared with 11.1, 2.2, 4.5, and 2.8 cases/100 person-years for HPV6,11,16,18–associated LSILs/HSILs, respectively, among those previously exposed to that type. qHPV was immunogenic and safe with no vaccine-associated serious adverse events.

Conclusions
18–26-year-old MSMLWH naive to qHPV vaccine types were protected against incident qHPV type–associated LSILs/HSILs. Given their high prevalence of HSILs, there is an urgent need to vaccinate young MSMLWH before exposure to vaccine HPV types, before initiating sexual activity, and to perform catch-up vaccination.
Significant Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care in Hospitals Affecting the First Pillar of the HIV Care Continuum
Authors: Hensley Kathryn S , Jordans Carlijn C E , van Kampen Jeroen J A , Mollema Femke P N , Gisolf Elisabeth H , El Moussaoui Rachida , Hermanides Gonneke , van Beek Jan E A , Vriesde Marion E , Finkenflügel Renée N N , Rijnders Bart J A , van de Vijver David A M C , Boucher Charles A B , Verbon Annelies , Rokx Casper 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
During COVID-19 lockdown, the in-hospital number of HIV indicator conditions decreased disproportionally compared with other non–COVID-19 diseases, which was accompanied by reduced HIV testing rates, number and proportion of positive HIV tests, and new HIV referrals, with more late presentation after lockdown cessation, indicating a significantly impacted HIV care continuum.
Security Analysis and Improvement of a Redactable Consortium Blockchain for Industrial Internet-of-Things
Authors: Gao Wei , Chen Liqun , Rong Chunming , Liang Kaitai , Zheng Xianghan , Yu Jiangshan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A redactable consortium blockchain (RCB) can build a trust layer for industrial internet of things (IIoT) so as to enable IIoT to resist certain powerful attacks resulting in improper block content. The redactability is particularly important for blockchains applied in IIoT with valuable or sensitive activities such as financial IoT or energy-trading IoT. Huang et al. proposed a threshold chameleon hash (TCH) scheme and then constructed an accountable-and-sanitizable chameleon signature scheme based on TCH. These two primitives are further used as fundamental modules to build an RCB, which empowers IIoT devices to operate the blockchain in a controllable way. However, our paper shows that Huang et al.’s RCB suffers from a security problem that weakens the crucial redactability. Specifically, we find out that if a transaction in a given block is legally redacted by all authorized sensors who collectively hold the private redacting key, anyone (without any private information) can further redact this redacted transaction and delete any transaction within this redacted block and, meanwhile, any sensor user with a private signing (not redacting) key can insert a forged transaction into this redacted block. We further address this threat by replacing the TCH module in Huang et al.’s RCB with our designed TCH.
Effects of Schema-Enriched Communication in Teams With Diverse Hearing Status
Authors: Stinson Michael , Elliot Lisa , Marchetti Carol , Rentsch Joan R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study examined the effects of (a) schema-enriched communication and (b) computer-based messaging on the sharing of knowledge and problem solving in teams with deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and typical hearing (TH) postsecondary students. Four-member teams comprising either all DHH, all TH, or two DHH and two TH postsecondary students solved a complex problem. Measures consisted of (a) shared written information, (b) creation of a matrix with information for solving the problem, (c) recognition of information shared by team members, and (d) quality of the team’s problem solution. A total of 126 DHH and 126 TH postsecondary students participated in the study in teams with one of the three combinations of hearing status. Enriched communication increased teams’ sharing of written information, creation of a matrix, recognition of information shared by teammates and quality of the problem solution in teams.
Endozoicomonadaceae symbiont in gills of Acesta clam encodes genes for essential nutrients and polysaccharide degradation
Authors: Jensen Sigmund , Frank Jeremy A , Arntzen Magnus Ø , Duperron Sébastien , Vaaje-Kolstad Gustav , Hovland Martin 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Gammaproteobacteria from the family Endozoicomonadaceae have emerged as widespread associates of dense marine animal communities. Their abundance in coral reefs involves symbiotic relationships and possibly host nutrition. We explored functions encoded in the genome of an uncultured Endozoicomonadaceae ‘Candidatus Acestibacter aggregatus’ that lives inside gill cells of large Acesta excavata clams in deep-water coral reefs off mid-Norway. The dominance and deep branching lineage of this symbiont was confirmed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenomic analysis from shotgun sequencing data. The 4.5 Mb genome binned in this study has a low GC content of 35% and is enriched in transposon and chaperone gene annotations indicating ongoing adaptation. Genes encoding functions potentially involved with the symbiosis include ankyrins, repeat in toxins, secretion and nutritional systems. Complete pathways were identified for the synthesis of eleven amino acids and six B-vitamins. A minimal chitinolytic machinery was indicated from a glycosyl hydrolase GH18 and a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase LPMO10. Expression of the latter was confirmed using proteomics. Signal peptides for secretion were identified for six polysaccharide degrading enzymes, ten proteases and three lipases. Our results suggest a nutritional symbiosis fuelled by enzymatic products from extracellular degradation processes.
B0AT1 Amino Acid Transporter Complexed With SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Forms a Heterodimer Functional Unit:In SituConformation Using Radiation Inactivation Analysis
Authors: Stevens Bruce R , Ellory J Clive , Preston Robert L 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), is expressed at levels of greatest magnitude in the small intestine as compared with all other human tissues. Enterocyte ACE2 is coexpressed as the apical membrane trafficking partner obligatory for expression and activity of the B0AT1 sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. These components are assembled as an [ACE2:B0AT1]2 dimer-of-heterodimers quaternary complex that putatively steers SARS-CoV-2 tropism in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GI clinical symptomology is reported in about half of COVID-19 patients, and can be accompanied by gut shedding of virion particles. We hypothesized that within this 4-mer structural complex, each [ACE2:B0AT1] heterodimer pair constitutes a physiological “functional unit.” This was confirmed experimentally by employing purified lyophilized enterocyte brush border membrane vesicles exposed to increasing doses of high-energy electron radiation from a 16 MeV linear accelerator. Based on radiation target theory, the results indicated the presence of Na+-dependent neutral amino acid influx transport activity functional unit with target size molecular weight 183.7 ± 16.8 kDa in situ in intact apical membranes. Each thermodynamically stabilized [ACE2:B0AT1] heterodimer functional unit manifests the transport activity within the whole ∼345 kDa [ACE2:B0AT1]2 dimer-of-heterodimers quaternary structural complex. The results are consistent with our prior molecular docking modeling and gut–lung axis approaches to understanding COVID-19. These findings advance understanding the physiology of B0AT1 interaction with ACE2 in the gut, and thereby contribute to translational developments designed to treat or mitigate COVID-19 variant outbreaks and/or GI symptom persistence in long-haul postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2.
Molecular Evolution of Ecological Specialisation: Genomic Insights from the Diversification of Murine Rodents
Authors: Roycroft Emily , Achmadi Anang , Callahan Colin M , Esselstyn Jacob A , Good Jeffrey M , Moussalli Adnan , Rowe Kevin C 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdaptive radiations are characterized by the diversification and ecological differentiation of species, and replicated cases of this process provide natural experiments for understanding the repeatability and pace of molecular evolution. During adaptive radiation, genes related to ecological specialization may be subject to recurrent positive directional selection. However, it is not clear to what extent patterns of lineage-specific ecological specialization (including phenotypic convergence) are correlated with shared signatures of molecular evolution. To test this, we sequenced whole exomes from a phylogenetically dispersed sample of 38 murine rodent species, a group characterized by multiple, nested adaptive radiations comprising extensive ecological and phenotypic diversity. We found that genes associated with immunity, reproduction, diet, digestion, and taste have been subject to pervasive positive selection during the diversification of murine rodents. We also found a significant correlation between genome-wide positive selection and dietary specialization, with a higher proportion of positively selected codon sites in derived dietary forms (i.e., carnivores and herbivores) than in ancestral forms (i.e., omnivores). Despite striking convergent evolution of skull morphology and dentition in two distantly related worm-eating specialists, we did not detect more genes with shared signatures of positive or relaxed selection than in a nonconvergent species comparison. Although a small number of the genes we detected can be incidentally linked to craniofacial morphology or diet, protein-coding regions are unlikely to be the primary genetic basis of this complex convergent phenotype. Our results suggest a link between positive selection and derived ecological phenotypes, and highlight specific genes and general functional categories that may have played an integral role in the extensive and rapid diversification of murine rodents.