bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of low carbohydrate diet compared to low fat diet on reversing the metabolic syndrome, using NCEP ATP III criteria: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ismael Sherzad Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to compare the change in the metabolic syndrome prevalence and risk factors between participants who followed a low carbohydrate diet and those who followed a low fat diet for six months in Erbil city/ Iraqi Kurdistan.

Methods
Out of 289 apparently healthy obese adults who were chosen by a stratified multistage probability sampling method, 94 of them agreed to participate in the study. They were assigned to low carbohydrate and low fat diet groups. Both groups were followed up for 6 months and the data were taken at baseline, after 3 months and after 6 months of intervention. Ninety-four obese adults completed the intervention. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare differences of metabolic dependent variables between the two independent variables, the low carbohydrate and low fat diet, at baseline, after 3 months and after 6 months of intervention.

Results
The Participants in low carbohydrate diet group had greater decrease in the prevalence of MetS. At the baseline, according to the ATP III criteria, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 44.4% (24/54) in low carbohydrate diet group and 60% (24/40) in low fat diet group. The prevalence of MetS was decreased significantly to 16.7% (9/54) after 3 months and to 3.7% (2/54) after 6 months in low carbohydrate diet (p < 0.001). Moreover, the prevalence of MetS was decreased significantly to 32.5 (13/40) after 3 months and to 22.5% (9/40) after 6 months in low fat diet (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between low carbohydrate diet & low fat diet at the baseline (p-value = 0.136) and after 3 months and after 6 months of intervention.

Conclusions
Both low carbohydrate diet and low fat diet have significant effects on reducing the prevalence of MetS in obese adults when followed up for 6 months. Compared to low fat diet, low carbohydrate diet had greater effect in reducing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Both diet programs were found to be effective in improving the metabolic state of obese adults.

Trial registration
The trial is registered retrospectively at the US National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov). The registration in the US National Institutes of Health was done in 23/12/2020 with the registration number: NCT04681924.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) versus local corticosteroid injection in treatment of lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) in athletes: clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation
Authors: Ibrahim Noha Hosni , El Tanawy Refaat Mostafa , Mostafa Amal Fathy Soliman , Mahmoud Mayada Fawzy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Lateral epicondylitis is one of the commonly noticed disorders of the arm described by agony focused over lateral epicondyle which is the site of wrist extensors origin. The purpose of this work was to compare the efficiency of extracorporeal shock wave therapy and local corticoid injection in management of lateral epicondylitis both clinically and ultrasonographically as well as to assess the role of ultrasound in diagnosis and follow-up of lateral epicondylitis. This study was performed on 30 athletes diagnosed as lateral epicondylitis.

Results
Both corticosteroid injection and shock wave treatment showed a highly significant effectiveness on pain by visual analog scale (VAS). A highly significant difference between before treatment and after 2 as well as 4 weeks of treatment regarding the functional disability parameters as patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE) and quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) was found. Likewise, a statistically significant improvement in favor of shock wave therapy group after 2 weeks was found, inversely insignificant difference after 8 and 12 weeks regarding to VAS occurred. Both PRTEE and Quick DASH test showed a statistically significant difference among groups through all follow-up period.
There was a statistically insignificant difference among the studied groups according to ultrasound (US) changes in the form of focal areas of hypo-echogenicity through follow-up periods. A significant improvement in favor of ESWT group is detected among the studied groups regarding tendon thickening in ultrasonography before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks. However, the difference was insignificant after 8 and 12 weeks.

Conclusions
Both corticosteroid local injection and shock wave therapy are helpful and effective for lateral epicondylitis treatment. However, a shock wave therapy revealed better improvement on long-term clinical and ultrasonogrphic follow-up than corticosteroid injection. Musculoskeletal ultrasound represents a helpful diagnostic and follow-up tool for lateral epicondylitis.
Magnetic order and electronic structure of [110]-oriented LaTiO3 films: A theoretical study
Authors: Weng Yakui , Long Fei , Li Xing'ao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The epitaxial strain effects on the magnetic ground state and electronic structure of [110]-oriented LaTiO3 films have been calculated using the density functional theory. First, the lattice constants of the a-axis and c-axis are fixed to study. For the compressive strain, a magnetic phase transition from the original G-type antiferromagnet to A-type antiferromagnet is predicted when using the SrTiO3, LaGaO3, and LaAlO3 substrates, similar to the [001] case. Interestingly, a new magnetic phase, i.e., the ferromagnetic order, will appear when the larger compressive LaSrAlO4 is used. For the tensile strain, although the G-type antiferromagnetic order is robust as the ground state, the exchange couplings are significantly increased, which will enhance the Néel temperature. Furthermore, the contributions of d

yz
, d

xz
and d

xy
orbitals to the bands near the Fermi level show an obvious difference due to the Jahn-Teller distortions. For comparison, the case with fixed b-axis and c-axis is also tested, which shows that the compressive strained LaTiO3 remains the G-type antiferromagnetic order while the tensile strained LaTiO3 exhibits the A-type antiferromagnetic order. The underlying physical mechanisms are the lattice distortions, including the Ti-O-Ti bond angles and Ti-O bond lengths.
Glacial Deaths, Geologic Extinction
Authors: Schmidt Jeremy J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn 2019 several funerals were held for glaciers. If enough glaciers die, could they go extinct? Is there geologic extinction? Yes. This article develops three arguments to support this claim. The first revisits Georges Cuvier’s original argument for extinction and its reliance on geology, especially glaciers. Retracing connections to glaciers and the narrowing of extinction to biological species in the nineteenth century, the author argues that anthropogenic forcing on how the Earth system functions—the Anthropocene—warrants rethinking extinction geologically. The second argument examines the specificity of ice loss and multiple practices responding to this loss: from art exhibits at United Nations climate change meetings to anticolonial claims for the right to be cold. The third argument consolidates a theme built across the article regarding how Isabelle Stengers’s notion of ecologies of practices provides an approach to geologic extinction that recognizes both relational and nonrelational loss.
The Apocalyptic Herbarium
Authors: Batsaki Yota 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnselm Kiefer’s monumental Secret of the Ferns (2007) redirects the artist’s apocalyptic sensibility, honed in response to the Holocaust, to the slow violence of extinction. The installation adopts a foundational practice of early modern natural history: the herbarium’s preservation and presentation of dried, pressed plant specimens. It also mobilizes the symbolic associations of ferns, which Kiefer calls “the first plants” but which are reimagined in the gallery space as the last plants in a postapocalyptic future. The framed specimens hang in a massive hall, with two abandoned concrete bunkers spewing out coal in the center—an allusion to ferns as the source of fossil fuels. Coal appears again in the enigmatic charcoal inscriptions on the frames that allude to ferns’ rich associations with rituals of magic and transformation. The overall mood is of a temporality at the end of time, a proleptic elegy that anticipates the extinction of even the most common and resilient plants, and the human cultures associated with them. Transmuted from mnemonic device to vehicle of commemoration, Kiefer’s apocalyptic herbarium elicits grief and mourning—but also, perhaps, what Judith Butler has called “the transformative effect of loss.”
Making the Environmental Humanities Consequential in “The Age of Consequences”
Authors: Castree Noel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article suggests that global environmental assessments (GEAs) may be a potent means for making the environmental humanities more consequential outside universities. So far most GEAs have been led by geoscientists, with mainstream social science in support. However, there is no reason why the concept of assessment cannot be elasticated to include the concerns of interpretive social science and the humanities. Building on the forty-year history and authority of GEAs as a means to bridging the gap between the research world and the wider world, this article identifies the potential that reformatted assessments hold for more impactful work by environmental humanists. It suggests some next steps for rethinking the means and ends of assessment toward a new paradigm that bridges geoscience, mainstream social science, and humanistic thinking about the nonhuman world. This paradigm would explore the human dimensions of environmental change fully. The timing is propitious: independently GEAs are undergoing change at the very moment that the “What next?” question is being asked by many environmental humanists. This article is intended to inspire debate and, ultimately, action. It both makes the case for more humanistic GEAs and offers examples of potential work packages.
The Inclusive Philosophy of Michel Serres for Our Time of Crisis
Authors: Johnson Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMichel Serres’s philosophy is scantly known outside France. In this review essay the author takes up three books that Serres published late on in his life and that engage in different ways with the environmental emergency. These short eminently readable books appeal to a wide audience and at the same time draw together major concerns and approaches from his life’s work. In each of the three books, Serres explores the preconditions for, and the emerging sense of, a contract between humans and the rest of the natural world.
Intrauterine ovarian dermoid cyst complicated by torsion: an uncommon presentation of abdominal mass in a neonate
Authors: Kanwal Darakhshan , Khalil Safaa , Attia Khaled 
Published: November 2021

Fetal ovarian cysts are the most common abdominal masses in the female fetuses and believed to be caused by in utero exposure of fetus to maternal and placental hormones. Majority of them are diagnosed in third trimester and should be distinguished from other causes of abdominal masses of genitourinary and gastrointestinal origin. Once diagnosed serial ultrasound monitoring is recommended to document changes in size or appearance. Complications like torsion or rupture merit careful assessment and surgical intervention to preserve ovarian function and fertility. We report a case of intrauterine ovarian dermoid cyst complicated by torsion, which was diagnosed prenatally on ultrasound as complex cystic lesion within the abdomen.
The prevalence of occupational stress among Iranian midwives: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gheshlagh Reza Ghanei , Rezaei Hayedeh , Parizad Naser 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundOccupational stress is one of the undesirable risk factors found in the midwifery profession. It can lead to job burnout, job loss and negatively affect the quality of patient care. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of occupational stress among Iranian midwives.MethodsThrough searching national and international databases, a total of 11 observational studies with full texts were extracted. Observational studies in Persian or English that reported the prevalence or frequency of job stress among Iranian midwives were included in the analysis. Irrelevant studies, those conducted on midwifery students and gray literature were excluded. The meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects model.Results11 articles reviewed occupational stress in 1196 midwives (an average of 108 midwives per study). Analysis of the articles showed that the pooled prevalence of occupational stress was 70.82% in Iranian midwives. Meta-regression analysis showed that the prevalence of occupational stress was not related to mean age, work experience, articles' publication year or sample size.ConclusionsThe prevalence of occupational stress is high among Iranian midwives and it can have harmful consequences for them and their patients. Therefore, the training of stress coping strategies seems to be appropriate for this group.
Reference Measurement of Roundwood by Fringe Projection
Authors: Keck Christian , Schödel René 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The metrological verification of log scanners requires logs with accurately known dimensions as test objects. The measurement of the lengths and diameters must be traceable back to the SI (International System of Units) unit of length. The results have to be reported with the corresponding measurement uncertainties. The uncertainties are required to be 5 to 10 times lower than the corresponding maximum permissible errors allowed for the log scanner under test. This article presents a procedure for the reference measurement of logs using an off-the-shelf fringe projection system along with uncertainty budgets for the measured dimensions. The length and diameters are determined from the highly resolved mesh obtained by fringe projection using techniques from computational geometry and coordinate metrology. Corrections are applied to the length and diameter values to remove the systematic effect caused by scattering of projected light below the partially transparent log surface. The influence of the fringe projection system on the measured dimensions is determined by measurements of calibrated artifacts, which also provide the traceability back to the SI unit of length. The measurement is illustrated by the example of a log with a length of 2 m and a diameter of 280 mm. The corresponding uncertainty budgets, confirmed by repeat measurements, result in expanded uncertainties (confidence interval 95%) of 6 mm and 0.13 mm for length and diameter, respectively. These low values qualify the fringe projection measurement along with accompanying evaluation procedure to provide logs as reference objects for the verification of log scanners.
Amplitude compensation using homodyne detection for inverse synthetic aperture LADAR
Authors: Xu Chen , Jin Kai , Jiang Changchun , Li Jian , Song Anpeng , Wei Kai , Zhang Yudong 
Published: November 2021

Inverse synthetic aperture LADAR (ISAL), based on an electro-optic in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) modulator, and homodyne detection, has high pulse repetition frequency, simple structure, and minimum intra-pulse phase errors. Homodyne detection can implement the de-chirp operation in the optical domain, while the output amplitude is susceptible to light intensity. However, the modulated optical signal amplitude fading, induced by radio frequency devices and the I/Q modulator, is quite tricky to measure and be compensated for. In this work, the effect of amplitude distortion on the ISAL system is analyzed. A simple and effective compensation method (based on homodyne detection) is proposed, followed by some experiments. The improvement of homodyne signal power to the compensated signal compared with non-compensated signal was about 1 dB (26%), and the image quality of our ISAL system along range direction was also improved by using the proposed method. Moreover, the image of an extended target was acquired via our ISAL system with 500 mW transmitting power at a distance of 1.1 km.
Gray consistency optical flow algorithm based on mask-R-CNN and a spatial filter for velocity calculation
Authors: Zhao Donghua , Wu Yicheng , Wang Chenguang , Shen Chong , Tang Jun , Liu Jun , Yu Hua , Lu Zhumao 
Published: November 2021

The optical flow method has been widely used to measure the vehicle velocity by observing the stationary ground with a camera looking-down. However, when there are moving objects on the stationary ground, the interfering optical flow field will be generated, which decreases the velocity measurement accuracy of a vehicle relative to the ground. In order to reduce the effects caused by moving objects, this paper integrates pyramid Lucas–Kanade (LK) algorithm with the gray consistency method to use the information of color images thoroughly. First, a mask region with convolutional neural network (Mask-R-CNN) is used to recognize the objects that have motions relative to the ground, and it covers them with masks to enhance the similarity between pixels and to reduce the impacts of the noisy moving pixels. Then images are decomposed into three channels, red, green, and blue (i.e.,

R

,

G

, and

B

), and processed by median filter. Based on the gray consistency method, the optical flow can be obtained by the pyramid LK algorithm. Finally, the velocity is calculated by the optical flow value. The prominent advantages of the proposed algorithm are: (i) increase the velocity measurement accuracy of a vehicle relative to the ground; (ii) use the information of color images acquired with cameras thoroughly and obtain velocity calculation outputs with less fluctuation; (iii) reduce wrong values caused by noises that are from the origin image and introduced by similar color masks. Four experiments are conducted to test the proposed algorithm and results with superior precision and reliability show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for the velocity measurement accuracy of a vehicle relative to the ground.
Time-frequency analysis of two-photon absorption effect during optical rectification in a ZnTe crystal pumped at 1.024  µm
Authors: Guiramand L. , Ropagnol X. , Blanchard F. 
Published: November 2021

Optical rectification in nonlinear crystals is a well-established method for generating terahertz (THz) waves from ultra-short optical pulses. To achieve high conversion efficiency, the phase-matching conditions between the pump pulse and the generated THz wave within the nonlinear medium must be satisfied. For a ytterbium laser operating at 1.024 µm, a severe phase mismatch occurs in the zinc telluride (ZnTe) crystal, preventing the efficient generation of broadband THz pulses. Using time-frequency analysis, we show that the ultrafast charge carrier dynamic, mainly induced by two-photon absorption, generated in the nonlinear medium during optical rectification processes in ZnTe, plays a crucial role in the filtering of the out-of-phase components of the THz signal, thus enabling the recovery of broadband THz pulse generations.
Optical fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer coupled to a 3-D integrated waveguide for 3-D position sensing
Authors: Zhu Chen , Deng Huitong , Ding Zhenming , Huang Jie , Zhang Ziyang 
Published: November 2021

Optical fiber extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometers (EFPIs) have been extensively demonstrated for the measurement of displacement and displacement-related physical quantities, e.g., acceleration, pressure, with high sensitivity and resolution. Despite its wide and successful applications, a conventional EFPI is limited to measuring only one-dimensional (out-of-plane) movement of its external reflector. In this Letter, a new strategy for optical fiber sensing, particularly for EFPI sensing, is proposed and demonstrated, allowing for three-dimensional (3-D) measurements based on a hybrid and compact EFPI device. A 3-D integrated optical waveguide array is aligned against a lead-in optical fiber with an air gap, where an EFPI is formed by the end facet of the optical fiber and the end facet of the waveguide array. As a proof of concept, we experimentally demonstrate that 3-D positioning can be achieved from the EFPI with sub-micron resolution by simultaneously measuring the reflection and transmission of the device. The proposed strategy of using an optical waveguide as an external reflector for an optical fiber EFPI, combined with machine learning-based analysis, opens new avenues in the development of compact yet multi-dimensional sensors.
Effects of sustained weight loss on outcomes associated with obesity comorbidities and healthcare resource utilization
Authors: Wood G. Craig , Bailey-Davis Lisa , Benotti Peter , Cook Adam , Dove James , Mowery Jacob , Ramasamy Abhilasha , Iyer Neeraj , Smolarz B. Gabriel , Kumar Neela , Still Christopher D. 
Published: November 2021

Objective
Determine the impact of long-term non-surgical weight loss maintenance on clinical relevance for osteoarthritis, cancer, opioid use, and depression/anxiety and healthcare resource utilization.

Methods
A cohort of adults receiving primary care within Geisinger Health System between 2001–2017 was retrospectively studied. Patients with ≥3 weight measurements in the two-year index period and obesity at baseline (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were categorized: Obesity Maintainers (reference group) maintained weight within +/-3%; Weight Loss Rebounders lost ≥5% body weight in year one, regaining ≥20% of weight loss in year two; Weight Loss Maintainers lost ≥5% body weight in year one, maintaining ≥80% of weight loss. Association with development of osteoarthritis, cancer, opioid use, and depression/anxiety, was assessed; healthcare resource utilization was quantified. Magnitude of weight loss among maintainers was evaluated for impact on health outcomes.

Results
In total, 63,567 patients were analyzed including 67% Obesity Maintainers, 19% Weight Loss Rebounders, and 14% Weight Loss Maintainers; median follow-up was 9.7 years. Time until osteoarthritis onset was delayed for Weight Loss Maintainers compared to Obesity Maintainers (Logrank test p <0.0001). Female Weight Loss Maintainers had a 19% and 24% lower risk of developing any cancer (p = 0.0022) or obesity-related cancer (p = 0.0021), respectively. No significant trends were observed for opioid use. Weight loss Rebounders and Maintainers had increased risk (14% and 25%) of future treatment for anxiety/depression (both <0.0001). Weight loss maintenance of >15% weight loss was associated with the greatest decrease in incident osteoarthritis. Healthcare resource utilization was significantly higher for Weight Loss Rebounders and Maintainers compared to Obesity Maintainers. Increased weight loss among Weight Loss Maintainers trended with lower overall healthcare resource utilization, except for hospitalizations.

Conclusions
In people with obesity, sustained weight loss was associated with greater clinical benefits than regained short-term weight loss and obesity maintenance. Higher weight loss magnitudes were associated with delayed onset of osteoarthritis and led to decreased healthcare utilization.