bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors associated with latent tuberculosis infection among household contacts of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in South India
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Ezhumalai Komala , Murali Sharan , Rajaa Sathish , Jose Maria , Sathishkumar Abilasha , Soundappan Govindarajan , Horsburgh Charles , Hochberg Natasha , Johnson William Evan , Knudsen Selby , Salgame Padmini , Ellner Jerrold , Prakash Babu Senbagavalli , Sarkar Sonali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to determine the prevalence and find the risk factors associated with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among the household contacts (HHC) of pulmonary TB patients.MethodsThis cohort study was conducted from 2014 to 2019. Pretested standardised questionnaires and tools were used for data collection. The prevalence of LTBI among HHCs of TB patients was summarised as proportion with 95% confidence interval (CI). Mixed‐effects generalised linear modelling function (meglm) in STATA with family Poisson and log link was performed to find the factors associated with LTBI.ResultsIn total, 1523 HHC of pulmonary TB patients were included in the study. Almost all HHC shared their residence with the index case (IC) for more than a year; 25% shared the same bed with the IC. The prevalence of LTBI among the HHC of TB patients was 52.6% (95% CI: 50.1–55.1%). In an adjusted model, we found that among HHC belonging to the age group of 19–64 years (aIRR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1–1.3; p‐value: 0.02), to the age group >65 years (aIRR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.9, p‐value: 0.02) and sharing the same bed with the IC (aIRR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.3, p value: 0.04) were independent determinants of LTBI among the HHC.ConclusionOne in two household contacts of TB patients have latent tuberculosis infection. This underscores the need of targeted contact screening strategies, effective contact tracing and testing using standardised methods in high TB burden settings.
A Study on Methods for Determining Phase Space Reconstruction Parameters
Authors: Lang Shi hui , Zhu Hua , Sun Guo dong , Jiang Yu , Wei Chun ling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Several pairs of algorithms were used to determine the phase space reconstruction parameters to analyze the dynamic characteristics of chaotic time series. The reconstructed phase trajectories were compared with the original phase trajectories of the Lorenz attractor, Rössler attractor, and Chen's attractor to obtain the optimum method for determining the phase space reconstruction parameters with high precision and efficiency. The research results show that the false nearest neighbor method and the complex autocorrelation method provided the best results. The saturated embedding dimension method based on the saturated correlation dimension method is proposed to calculate the time delay. Different time delays are obtained by changing the embedding dimension parameters of the complex autocorrelation method. The optimum time delay occurs at the point where the time delay is stable. The validity of the method is verified by combing the application of the correlation dimension, showing that the proposed method is suitable for the effective determination of the phase space reconstruction parameters.
Milling Processes With Active Damping: Modeling and Stability
Authors: Lehotzky David , Mancisidor Iker , Munoa Jokin , Dombovari Zoltan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Active dampers are on the verge of appearing in commercial machines as devices that assist the avoidance of machine tool chatter. The adjustment of control parameters in these devices is mostly guided by models that do not consider the dynamics within the control loop of active damper. Therefore, these models neglect the dynamics of actuation, measurement, and filtering, which can result in inaccurate stability predictions that hinder the efficient tuning of active dampers. To formulate a more realistic model for milling processes assisted by active damping, this paper derives a novel mathematical model that takes into account the internal dynamics of the actuator, measuring device, and discrete filtering. This study shows that accurate stability prediction requires the incorporation of actuator and filter dynamics into the model, especially at high spindle speeds and large feedback gains.
Using Weather and Schedule-Based Pattern Matching and Feature-Based Principal Component Analysis for Whole Building Fault Detection—Part I Development of the Method
Authors: Chen Yimin , Wen Jin , Lo James 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A whole building fault (WBF) refers to a fault occurring in one component, but may cause impacts on other components or subsystems, or arise significant impacts on energy consumption and thermal comfort. Conventional methods (such as component level rule-based method or physical model-based method) which targeted at component level fault detection cannot be successfully used to detect a WBF because of the fault propagation among the closely coupled equipment or subsystems. Therefore, a novel data-driven method named weather and schedule-based pattern matching (WPM) and feature-based principal component analysis (FPCA) method for WBF detection is developed. Three processes are established in the WPM-FPCA method to address three main issues in WBF detection. First, a feature selection process is used to pre-select data measurements which represent a whole building’s operation performance under a satisfied status, namely, baseline status. Second, a WPM process is used to locate weather and schedule patterns in the historical baseline database, which are similar to that from the current/incoming operation data, and to generate a WPM baseline. Lastly, real-time PCA models are generated for both the WPM baseline data and the current operation data. Statistic thresholds used to differentiate normal and abnormal (faulty) operations are automatically generated in this PCA modeling process. The PCA models and thresholds are used to detect the WBF. This paper is the first of a two-part study. Performance evaluation of the developed method is conducted using data collected from a real campus building and will be described in the second part of this paper.
Effect of Application of Electric Force to Diesel Fuel Droplets Charged Through Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment on Physical and Thermal Characteristics of Flame
Authors: Pourhoseini S. H. , Ramezani-Aval H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a new feasible method to allow continuous change in the primary injection spray cone angle of liquid fuel droplets, which are injected from nozzles in liquid fuel combustion systems, to control the flame shape and thermal characteristics of the flame. The method is based on electric force applied to fuel droplets charged through frictional effects between the internal surface of the nozzle and the fuel flow as the liquid fuel is sprayed (based on the Millikan oil-drop experiment). A sprint computational fluid dynamics code was developed to investigate the effect of application of electric force to charged diesel fuel droplets, which were injected from a pressure swirl atomizer, on physical and thermal characteristics of a two-dimensional axisymmetric turbulent jet diffusion flame. The results show that an electric field applied to charged fuel droplets (electric force) changes the spatial distribution of the liquid fuel droplets in the flame reaction zone. An applied electric force in (−y) direction diverts the fuel droplets towards the axis centerline of the furnace and, consequently, decreases the primary injection cone angle and increases the concentration of the evaporated droplets around the axis centerline, which enhances the fuel-oxidant mixing rate and raises the flame temperature. Unlike an applied electric force in (−y) direction, an applied electric force in (+y) direction decreases the flame temperature. However, as the primary injection cone angle is decreased, an applied electric force in (+y) direction increases the flame temperature.
Boron-Nitride Nanosheet-Based Thermal Barrier Coating for Micro-Combustor Performance Improvement
Authors: Yang Bao , Hu Liangbing , Ping Weiwei , Roy Rishi , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
One of the major challenges in the development of micro-combustors is heat losses that result in flame quenching, and reduced combustion efficiency and performance. In this work, a novel thermal barrier coating (TBC) using hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets as building blocks was developed and applied to a Swiss roll micro-combustor for determining its heat losses with increased temperatures inside the combustor that contributes to improved performance. It was found that by using the h-BN TBC, the combustion temperature of the micro-combustor increased from 850 K to 970 K under the same thermal loading and operational conditions. This remarkable temperature increase using the BN TBC originated from its low cross-plane thermal conductivity of 0.4 W m−1 K−1to mitigate the heat loss from the micro-combustor plates. Such a low thermal conductivity in the h-BN TBC is attributed to its interfacial resistance between the nanosheets. The development of h-BN TBC provides an effective approach to improve thermal management for performance improvements of gas turbine engines, rocket engines, and all various kinds of micro-combustors.
Effect of U-Flex-to-Install and Dynamic U-Flexing on Li-Ion Battery State of Health Degradation Subjected to Varying Fold Orientations, Folding Speeds, Depths of Charge, C-Rates, and Temperatures
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Soni Ved , Miller Scott 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The demand for wearable consumer electronics, fitness accessories, and biomedical equipment has led to the growth research and development of thin flexible batteries. Wearable equipment and other asset monitoring applications require conformal installation of power sources on nonplanar surfaces. For power sources in wearable electronics, durability to sustain repetitive mechanical stresses induced by human body motion is paramount along with the usual desirable power source characteristics. Previous research documenting the reliability of statically and dynamically folded power sources is scarce and does not follow standardized test protocols. Particularly, the use of manual stressing for mechanical folding of the power sources instead of a mechanical test setup is a key shortcoming in existing literature. Data are lacking on battery life cycling and in situ mechanical stress-testing of the power sources including their impact of performance and reliability. This study aims to overcome these deficiencies by testing a commercial Li-ion power source under static as well as dynamic folding. Furthermore, the fold orientation and its fold speed are varied to evaluate the effect of different mechanical stress topologies on the power source. Finally, a regression model was developed to capture the effect of these use parameters on battery capacity degradation.
Impact of Outdoor Gyms on Adults’ Participation in Physical Activity: A Natural Experiment in Chile
Authors: Oliveros María J. , Serón Pamela , Lanas Fernando , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Although low levels of physical activity have slightly decreased globally, the need to reverse the physical inactivity remains urgent. One approach has been the installation of outdoor gyms (OGs). Method: A natural experiment arose from the installation of OGs in different neighborhoods of the city of Temuco, Chile. Baseline measurements were collected between 2006 and 2017 in a cohort of adults participating in the Prospective Urban & Rural Epidemiology study. Physical activity was assessed with the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and time-varying covariates was assessed every 3 years. The multistage hierarchical, nested sampling process and the follow-up assessments led to data correlated at different levels, thus the authors analyzed the data using a logistic multilevel model. Result: 2463 urban adults from 16 neighborhoods, with an average age of 51.7 (9.8) years (67% female), were included. Having an adequate number of OGs improved the odds of complying with the World Health Organization’s recommendations (adjusted odds ratio = 4.64, 3.95–5.45). In addition, being male (odds ratio = 1.53, 1.32–1.77) and under the age of 60 years (odds ratio = 0.83, 0.71–0.97) were associated with being physically active. Conclusion: The presence of more OGs can have a positive impact on physical activity recommendations.
Haemorrhagic ulcerative duodenitis in a patient with COVID-19 infection: clinical improvement following treatment with budesonide
Authors: Awwad Ibrahim , Greuel Selina , Tacke Frank , Fischer Christian 
Published: October 2021

We present a case of a male patient in his mid-30s with COVID-19-induced lung failure requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, who needed an emergency oesophagogastroduodenoscopy due to major upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy exposed severe ulcerative duodenitis with diffuse mucosal bleeding. While CT angiography did not show any signs of ischaemia, histopathology revealed duodenitis with substantial inflammatory cell infiltrates consisting of neutrophils and CD3+T lymphocytes with equal CD4+/CD8+distribution. Since the composition of cell infiltrates coincides with changes in inflammatory patterns of the respiratory mucosa from patients with COVID-19 and in COVID-19-associated enterocolitis, and systemic dexamethasone treatment became standard of care in ventilated intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 infection, we initiated an individualised therapeutic attempt to treat the duodenitis with topical enteral budesonide. Follow-up oesophagogastroduodenoscopies within 4 weeks of enteral budesonide administration revealed a full clinical and histological healing of the duodenal mucosa with marked reduction of neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltrates.To our knowledge, the current report is the first description of enteral budesonide treatment of duodenitis in a patient with COVID-19 infection and warrants further investigation, whether budesonide might constitute a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of COVID-19-related intestinal mucosal damage.
Coronary CT angiography for improved assessment of patients with acute chest pain and low-range positive high-sensitivity troponins: study protocol for a prospective, observational, multicentre study (COURSE trial)
Authors: Arslan Murat , Schaap Jeroen , Van Gorsel Bart , Budde Ricardo PJ , Bekkers Sebastiaan CAM , Van Cauteren Yvonne JM , Damman Peter , Habets Jesse , Dubois Eric A , Dedic Admir 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionCurrent evaluation of patients suspected of a non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) involves the use of algorithms that incorporate clinical information, electrocardiogram (ECG) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponins (hs-troponins). While primarily designed to rule out NSTE-ACS safely, these algorithms can also be used for rule in of NSTE-ACS in some patients. Still, in a substantial number of patients, these algorithms do not provide a conclusive work-up. These patients often present with an atypical clinical profile and low-range positive hs-troponin values without a characteristic rise or fall pattern. They represent a heterogeneous group of patients with various underlying conditions; only a fraction (30%–40%) will eventually be diagnosed with a myocardial infarction. Uncertainty exists about the optimal diagnostic strategy and their management depends on the clinical perspective of the treating physician ranging from direct discharge to admission for invasive coronary angiography. Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is a non-invasive test that has been shown to be safe, fast and reliable in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. In this study, we will determine the usefulness of CCTA in patients with acute chest pain and low-range positive hs-troponin values.Methods and analysisA prospective, double-blind, observational, multicentre study conducted in the Netherlands. Patients aged 30–80 years presenting to the emergency department with acute chest pain and a suspicion of NSTE-ACS, a normal or non-diagnostic ECG and low-range positive hs-troponins will be scheduled to undergo CCTA. The primary outcome is the diagnostic accuracy of CCTA for the diagnosis of NSTE-ACS at discharge, in terms of sensitivity and negative predictive value.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (registration number MEC-2017-506). Written informed consent to participate will be obtained from all participants. This study’s findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03129659).
The pathophysiology of primary blast injury and its implications for treatment. Part I: The thorax
Authors: Guy R. J. , Cripps N. P. J. , Glover M. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is insufficient evidence to support a definitive approach to the clinical management of primary pulmonary blastinjury. Post-blast cardiovascular and pulmonary changes are reviewed in this paper in order to highlight important aspects in the immediate management of the blast injury casualty.Blast profiles and theoretical mechanisms of injury vary widel but all result in mechanical disruption and cause similar pathological, physiological and biochemical responses. Some patients may present acutely, while others appear unharmed and develop respiratory failure 12–24 hours later. Treatment outcome may depend on the judicious use of resuscitative fluids and respiratory support. The rôles of supplementary oxygen and assisted ventilation remain controversial although administration of high inspired oxygen concentrations and respiratory support may be unavoidable. The advantage of pharmacological manipulation of reflex mechanisms is as yet unproven. Hyperbaric therapy may improve survival in pulmonary blast injury.
Handsearching the Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service for Trials
Authors: Hedger N. A. , Croft A. M. J. , Rowe M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs part of the Cochrane Collaboration’s international research endeavour, the authors carried out a handsearch of the Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service from 1948 to 1998, searching for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs). Five trials were identified, of which three were RCTs and two were CCTs. The first trial was published in 1960. The identified trials were in the fields of dentistry (two trials), gastroenterology, occupational medicine and orthopaedic surgery. Of the five trials, only two had been located previously through a rigorous interrogation of Medline. The three newly identified trials were reported to the UK Cochrane Centre, and details of these three trials were entered into Medline for use by clinicians and investigators in the future.
Pelvic synovial cyst formation secondary to perforation of the quadrilateral plate: a case report
Authors: Howell G. E. D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA seventy seven-year-old female presented to her gynaecologist with right-sided pelvic pain and irregular per vaginal bleeding. Ten years earlier she had undergone a right cementless total hip arthroplasty. The press fit acetabular component had been augmented by screws. Radiological investigation requested by her gynaecologist identified a right iliac fossa mass. This communicated with the hip joint via a screw track formed by a fixation screw that had penetrated the medial wall of the acetabulum at total hip arthroplasty. Following aspiration of the fluid within the cyst, microscopy demonstrated it to be of synovial origin. Her symptoms subsequently resolved. This condition has not been reported previously.
The medical bequest of disaster at sea: Commodore Anson’s circumnavigation 1740–44
Authors: James Watt 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnson’s circumnavigation was characterised by his indomitable leadership which enabled men to triumph over medical and environmental disasters responsible for appalling suffering and loss of life. The medical bequest of the Anson voyage was not only the detailed descriptions of nutritional deficiency diseases in their various guises, but in the spirit of inquiry it generated, the recognition of a need for research and continuing postgraduate education and the requirement for evidence-based medicine. The controversy it aroused resounded until the twentieth century.
Real-world observational study of assessment of CHA2DS2-VASc, C2HEST and HAVOC scores for atrial fibrillation among patients with rheumatological disorders: a nationwide analysis
Authors: Hu Wei Syun , Li Lin Cheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThis is a nationwide-based retrospective study aiming to compare the three different scoring systems (CHA2DS2-VASc, C2HEST and HAVOC scores) in the prediction of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with rheumatological disease.MethodsWe used the Fine and Gray model to estimate the risk of AF (subhazard ratio and 95% CI). The predictive accuracy and discriminatory ability of the predictive model were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsAmong the three predictive models, the model using CHA2DS2-VASc score had the better discriminative ability with an ROC of 0.79. The model with C2HEST score had an ROC of 0.78. The discriminative ability of the HAVOC score was 0.77, estimated by ROC.ConclusionWe concluded the CHA2DS2-VASc score has better performance in predicting AF compared with C2HEST score or HAVOC score.
Impact of receiver imbalances on the security of continuous variables quantum key distribution
Authors: Pereira Daniel , Almeida Margarida , Facão Margarida , Pinto Armando N. , Silva Nuno A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContinuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) provides a theoretical unconditionally secure solution to distribute symmetric keys among users in a communication network. However, the practical devices used to implement these systems are intrinsically imperfect, and, as a result, open the door to eavesdropper attacks. In this work, we show the impact of receiver device imperfections on the estimated channel parameters, performance and security of a CV-QKD system. The presented results show that, due to the erroneously estimated channel parameters, non-monitored imbalances can pose a security risk or even reduce the system’s performance. Our results show the importance of monitoring these imbalances and hint at the possibility of compensating for some receiver imbalances by tuning other components.
Prediction of Cancer-Related piRNAs Based on Network-Based Stratification Analysis
Authors: Liu Yajun , Xie Guo , Li Aimin , He Zongzhen , Hei Xinhong 
Published: October 2021

PIWI-interacting RNA (PiRNA) was discovered in 2006 and is expected to become a new biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore functions of piRNAs and identify cancer subtypes on the basis of the pattern of transcriptome and somatic mutation data. A total of 285 510 SNPs in piRNAs and genes, which might affect piRNA biogenesis or piRNA targets binding were identified. Significant co-expression networks of piRNAs were then constructed separately for 12 major types of cancer. Finally, mutational matrices were mapped to piRNA network, propagated, and clustered for identification of cancer-related piRNAs and cancer subtypes. Findings showed that subtypes of three types of cancer (COAD, STAD and UCEC), which are significantly associated with survival were identified. Analysis of differentially expressed piRNAs in UCEC subtypes showed that piRNA function is closely related to cancer hallmarks “Enabling Replicative Immortality” and contributes to initiation of cancer.