bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and public involvement in randomised clinical trials: a mixed-methods study of a clinical trials unit to identify good practice, barriers and facilitators
Authors: Selman Lucy Ellen , Clement Clare , Douglas Margaret , Douglas Keith , Taylor Jodi , Metcalfe Chris , Lane J. Athene , Horwood Jeremy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
While patient and public involvement (PPI) in clinical trials is beneficial and mandated by some funders, formal guidance on how to implement PPI is limited and challenges have been reported. We aimed to investigate how PPI is approached within a UK Clinical Trials Unit (CTU)’s portfolio of randomised controlled trials, perceived barriers to/facilitators of its successful implementation, and perspectives on the CTU’s role in PPI.

Methods
A mixed-methods study design, involving (1) an online survey of 26 trial managers (TMs) and (2) Interviews with Trial Management Group members and public contributors from 8 case-study trials. Quantitative survey data were summarised using descriptive statistics and interview transcripts analysed thematically. Two public contributors advised throughout and are co-authors.

Results
(1) 21 TMs completed the survey; (2) 19 in-depth interviews were conducted with public contributors (n=8), TMs (n=5), chief investigators (n=3), PPI coordinators (n=2) and a researcher. 15/21 TMs surveyed reported that a public contributor was on the trial team, and 5 used another PPI method. 12/21 TMs reported that public contributors were paid (range £10–50/h). 5 TMs reported that training was provided for public contributors and few staff members had received any formal PPI training. The most commonly reported tasks undertaken by public contributors were the review of participant-facing materials/study documents and advising on recruitment/retention strategies. Public contributors wanted and valued feedback on changes made due to their input, but it was not always provided. Barriers to successful PPI included recruitment challenges, group dynamics, maintaining professional boundaries, negative attitudes to PPI amongst some researchers, a lack of continuity of trial staff, and the academic environment. Successful PPI required early and explicit planning, sharing of power and ownership of the trial with public contributors, building and maintaining relationships, and joint understanding and clarity about expectations/roles. CTUs have an important role to play in supporting recruitment, signposting and coordinating PPI.

Conclusions
While highly valuable, PPI in trials is currently variable. PPI representatives are recruited informally, may not be provided with any training and are paid inconsistently across trials. Study findings can help optimise PPI in trials and ensure researchers and public contributors are adequately supported.
Reconstructing the right-hand side of the Rayleigh–Stokes problem with nonlocal in time condition
Authors: Duc Phuong Nguyen , Binh Ho Duy , Long Le Dinh , Van Ho Thi Kim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of finding the source function for the Rayleigh–Stokes equation is considered. According to Hadamard’s definition, the sought solution of this problem is both unstable and independent of continuous data. By using the fractional Tikhonov method, we give the regularized solutions and then deal with a priori error estimate between the exact solution and its regularized solutions. Finally, the proposed regularized methods have been verified by simple numerical experiments to check error estimate between the sought solution and the regularized solution.
Evaluation of a school-based dissemination of the movement guidelines for young children in Hong Kong: Study protocol
Authors: Capio Catherine M. , Ng Catalina S. M. , Chung Kevin K. H. , Jones Rachel A. , Sit Cindy H. P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Healthy movement behaviors in early childhood are believed to track to adulthood, potentially imparting protective benefits against non-communicable diseases. Highlighting the collaborative and complementary roles of parents and educators in promoting health of young children, this study aims to enable parents and teachers to successfully promote healthy movement behaviors in young children. Guidelines for physical activity, sedentary screen time, and sleep of children aged 2 to 6 years will be systematically disseminated to parents and teachers of children enrolled in early childhood education centers (ECECs) in Hong Kong. An evaluation will be conducted to assess the implementation process and the outcomes of the dissemination of said guidelines.

Methods
The evaluation will include formative and summative components to examine the implementation (i.e., process evaluation) and the outcomes (i.e., outcome evaluation). Participants include teachers, parents, and children from ECECs in Hong Kong. The process evaluation will be guided by the RE-AIM framework (i.e., reach, efficacy, adaptation, implementation, maintenance). Data gathering and analysis will take a mixed-methods triangulation design - convergence model. The outcome evaluation consists of a non-randomized observational study, using quantitative data from questionnaires and accelerometers. The primary outcome to be measured is the extent to which children meet the guidelines for physical activity, sedentary screen time, and sleep; the secondary outcome is teachers’ and parents’ knowledge and awareness of the guidelines.

Discussion
Young children who engage in healthy movement behaviors are likely to become adults who will have the disposition to engage in behaviors that have protective effects against non-communicable diseases. The findings of this evaluation are expected to contribute to improving the strategies of systems and government agencies that aspire to promote healthy movement behaviors of young children.
Video block and FABEMD features for an effective and fast method of reporting near-duplicate and mirroring videos
Authors: Adoui El Ouadrhiri Abderrahmane , Jai-Andaloussi Said , Ouchetto Ouail 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNear-duplicate video content has taken the large storage space in the age of big data. Without respecting the copyright ethic, social media users mirror, resize, and/or hide certain online video content and re-upload it as new data. This research aims to avoid the complex and high-dimensional matching and present an efficient approach for detecting near-duplicate videos, this detection is based on feature extraction using visual, motion, and high-level features. Fast and adaptive bidimensional empirical mode decomposition is used to preserve the relevant data to the furthest extent possible during the low/high-frequency transition and vice-versa. In addition, for a generic model, the invariant moments are added to the aforementioned features in order to reinforce them against different video transformations such as rotating and scaling. Furthermore, the video frames are divided into blocks with a fixed number of features, this set of features is represented by a signature, where its mean and standard deviation represents a single video map allowing easy similarity computation. The F1-score and accuracy are used to evaluate the results of this study; the relevant results are ranked byTop$$_{1}$$1for the best result, and the five top-ranked results are presented byTop$$_{5}$$5. Further, our result ofTop$$_{1}$$1reached over 80% on F1-score, with a difference of ±4% from theTop$$_{5}$$5results, and it is over 90% on Accuracy using different datasets, such as UCF11, UCF50, and HDMB51.
Taxonomic status of grey-headed Yellow Wagtails breeding in western China
Authors: Hellquist Alexander , Friberg Fredrik , Haldén Petter , Schmidt Peter , Ma Ming , Jun Gou , Olsson Urban , Alström Per 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Field studies from 2011 onwards have demonstrated the presence of a breeding population of Yellow Wagtails (Motacilla flava) in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China that is phenotypically distinct from known subspecies occurring in Asia. Here we describe the plumages and vocalisations of this population and discuss its taxonomic status.

Methods
The analysis of plumage is based on field studies and photos available online. Recordings of vocalisations are compared with recordings from other Yellow Wagtail populations, and differences are analysed based on sonograms. Mitochondrial DNA from one individual is compared to other Yellow Wagtail taxa.

Results
Unlike M. flava subspecies breeding in or near Xinjiang, males in the studied population show a blue-grey head without prominent white supercilium, being most similar to the widely disjunct M. f. cinereocapilla. They differ from the similarly widely allopatric M. f. thunbergi, which might occur as a migrant or vagrant in Xinjiang, by on average cleaner yellow breast and more extensive white on the throat, and from the widely disjunct M. f. plexa and M. f. macronyx, which might also occur on migration in that area, by softer contact calls and slower pace of song. Females are similar to female M. f. feldegg in plumage. The mitochondrial ND2 tree shows the single sample from Xinjiang to be nested in the clade of western Yellow Wagtail taxa.

Conclusion
We discuss whether the Xinjiang breeding population could represent an intergrade between subspecies breeding nearby, or whether it is better regarded as a separate as yet unrecognized subspecies. We argue that the localization of its apparent range in relation to other subspecies along with fairly consistent male and female plumages suggest that it is more likely to represent an undescribed taxon, but conclude that more research is needed to firmly establish its status.
Bubbles in the belly- a case based approach to cystic peritoneal masses
Authors: Patil Savita S. , Shah Parth B. , Kudrimoti Jyoti K. , Nakate Leena A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Primary cystic neoplasms of the peritoneum are rare lesions and not commonly encountered in practice. Many intra-abdominal processes may mimic cystic masses within the peritoneal cavity and pose a diagnostic challenge to both the pathologist and radiologist. Clinical presentation is diverse and varied. These lesions are usually benign. Hence complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice in most of the cases.

Methods
Study design: Descriptive Retrospective study.
Cystic peritoneal lesions were identified and studied from data over a period of 5 years in the Histopathology Section at a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India. Mode of presentation, imaging findings in addition to gross and histopathologic findings of these lesions were studied.

Results
Out of 50 peritoneal lesions studied over a period of 5 years, only 7 were identified to be cystic peritoneal masses.
Of these two were found to be peritoneal cysts, two mesenteric cysts, one an infected mesenteric cyst and one each a mucinous cystadenoma and lymphangioma.

Conclusions
Correct diagnosis rests in the hands of the pathologist and ensures that the patient receives appropriate and timely management. Hence knowledge of the spectrum of these rare cystic peritoneal masses is necessary to distinguish from other potential cystic abdominal mimicker masses and avoid a potential pitfall.
Reconstruction of images in non-scanned confocal microscope (NSCM) using speckle imaging
Authors: Hamed A. M. , Al-Saeed T. A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The common formation of images in CSLM assumes mechanically scanned object placed in the common short focus of the objective lenses of the microscope, while in the arrangement under study, the scanning of the object is realized by placing a diffuser behind the collimating lens. A model is suggested in the formation of images in Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CSLM) using non-scanned object. Since the illumination and detection are coherent, the obtained image is constructed from the simple product of the Resultant Point Spread Function (RPSF) modulated by the diffuser spread over the object transparency. Hence, the product of the object and the image of the diffuser replace the mechanical scanning of the object.

Results
Reconstructed images using this novel arrangement of CNSM are presented using mammographic X-ray image.

Conclusions
Convolution of the RPSF and the object is realized by the spreading of the diffuser image over the object. A coherent detector captures the whole image affected by a noisy diffused function. It is noted that image processing is necessary to improve noisy images making use of filtration techniques.
Modelling incipient probabilistic grammar change in real time: the grammaticalisation of possessive pronouns in European Spanish locative adverbial constructions
Authors: Marttinen Larsson Matti 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present paper provides a methodological case study on how underlying incipient grammar change might be discerned even when frequencies of the incoming variant are apparently marginal and stable. Analysing the spread of tonic possessive pronouns in complements of locative adverbial constructions in European Spanish from a probabilistic perspective, more than 11,000 locative constructions from 1900 to 2004 were compiled, and probabilistic grammar change was operationalised as an interactive function between language-internal predictors and real time. The results reveal that numerous intralinguistic factors have been and are active in constraining the variation, with the innovation spreading significantly in spite of apparent stability in frequency. Crucially, the findings demonstrate that, even in a relatively standardised written language where the innovation has a considerably low frequency, the innovation grammaticalises along the same pathway as in colloquial vernaculars where the incoming variant is employed much more frequently.
The assessment and exploration of forensic nursing concepts in undergraduate nursing curricula: a mixed-methods study
Authors: McFadden Patti 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess the importance and explore the inclusion of forensic nursing concepts in undergraduate nursing curricula.

Methods
This study used a mixed method design to survey undergraduate nurse educators (n=1,000) across the United States. Utilizing a convergent parallel design, data were analyzed independently, sequentially, and combined to synthesize the results and cultivate the overall conceptualization of the findings.

Results
Significant differences were found about the importance and the integration of forensic concepts in the curricula based on the faculty member’s teaching area and area of clinical practice. Triangulation of data determined faculty valued their role of improving holistic care to victims of violence. However, time, curriculum rigidity, and lack of forensic concept knowledge hindered the inclusion of forensic nursing concepts in curricula.

Conclusions
Findings from this study support the recommendation for faculty development, community collaboration, and utilizing teaching modalities to integrate forensic nursing concepts into undergraduate curricula.
Graphdiyne-decorated microfiber based soliton and noise-like pulse generation
Authors: Ma Wanzhuo , Yin Peng , Li Mengmeng , Sui Lu , Wang Tianshu , Liu Zheqi , Du Lei , Bao Wenli , Ge Yanqi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Graphdiyne has an inborn band gap energy, where the minimal band gap is about from 0.46 to 1.22 eV, which shows great potential in ultrafast laser generation. In this work, we fabricate a graphdiyne-decorated microfiber and demonstrate its saturable absorption characteristics experimentally. This device is used as a saturable absorber to generate the conventional soliton and noise-like pulse in an erbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser. The conventional soliton with a spectral bandwidth of 2.45 nm can switch into noise-like pulse with 37.14 nm bandwidth by adjusting the pump power and the polarization controller. For the noise-like pulse, the mode-locked state has excellent stability with 2.17 nJ maximum pulse energy and 283 fs coherent peak duration. This work indicates that graphdiyne could be a remarkable nonlinear photonic device to explore the dynamics of various mode-locked pulses.
Harnessing of inhomogeneously polarized Hermite–Gaussian vector beams to manage the 3D spin angular momentum density distribution
Authors: Khonina Svetlana N. , Porfirev Aleksey P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We propose vector modes based on inhomogeneously polarized Hermite–Gaussian (HG) vector beams, providing complete structural conservation of the beams during propagation. Like uniformly polarized mode beams, these beams provide structural stability (or invariance) of both the intensity and the polarization state, in turn ensuring the stability of other field characteristics, including the angular momentum. We determine the conditions imposed on the HG mode composition in the transverse components of the electromagnetic field in order to control the three-dimensional characteristics of the field, such as intensity, polarization, and spin angular momentum (SAM). For the visual analysis of the polarization state of inhomogeneously polarized beams, we use the transverse distribution of the vector of three Stokes parameters. The correspondence of the third Stokes parameter to the distribution of the longitudinal component of the SAM is used for experimental measurements. The theoretical analysis is clearly illustrated by numerical simulations and confirmed by experimental results.
How Do Norwegian Technology Start-ups Use Open Innovation Strategies to Gain Access to New Business Ideas?
Authors: Rahman Minhazur , Rahman Ummeh Habiba Faria Benteh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Open innovation (OI) strategy includes inter-company processes and activities i.e. networking, management, communication etc. The intention of this paper is to present examples on how open innovation performs within these start-ups. This paper is a descriptive study that discusses how to implement open innovation strategies in order to gain access to new business ideas in Norwegian tech companies. Throughout the study and analysis of appropriate literature, this research aims to deepen the understanding of the initial question and provide direction for further research. This improved understanding of using open innovation strategies will help entrepreneurs, as well as policy makers involved in idea evaluation. This study deals with the OI strategy implementation in small companies and startups, both of which are almost untouched fields of study. It contributes recommendations for reality thinking, social media involvement, and planned versus arbitrary strategy. This qualitative research paper forms a case study based on structured interviews with four anonymous Norwegian tech start-ups. Twenty to twenty-five articles about “startups, open innovation and networking” have been selected and analysed for the purpose of this paper. This study outlines a clear method for reviewing the theories of open innovation and networking which are discussed in the objectives. Unlike previous research, this paper will highlight loopholes and common mistakes typically made by start-ups and instead will implement smooth open innovation strategies for their company’s benefit. After conducting successful interviews with start-up, the results have been combined with literature reviews and related theories with empirical evidence to support the proposed question. Finally, the findings are categorised in the table below and organised according to interviewee answers.
REGULATION BY RISKS – BEYOND LESSIG’S CODES-BASED THEORY
Authors: Mzukisi Niven Njotini  
Published: October 2021

Recent technologies (ICTs) are both necessary and detrimental to society, that is, the information society. They are important because they facilitate and ease the burden of sharing information. However, ICTs are harmful in that they generate risks or challenges to the aforementioned society. Computer cracking, distributed denial of service attacks and man-in-the-middle attacks are some of the risks associated with ICTs. The said challenges encumber ICT regulators with questions, for example whether ICTs are possible to regulate or not, and how to structure those regulations. These questions necessitate, it is argued, a scrutiny of the traditional constraints – namely, the law, social norms and the market and nature − of regulation. Thus, they compel an ICT-regulatory framework which commences from the architecture or nature of the technology to be regulated is essential. However, the structure should move beyond what is referred to as the “codes”.
RTRS, moratória da soja e soja plus
Authors: Lima Leonardo Andrade de , Martins Karina 
Published: October 2021

Surge a partir dos anos 2000 iniciativas a fim de buscar o ideal sustentável, em especial práticas sustentáveis na produção da soja, visto sua predominância na agricultura pátria. Dentre as iniciativas analisar-se-á a RTRS, a Moratória da Soja e a Soja Plus. Essas iniciativas surgem após forte pressão da sociedade civil organizada e do mercado para buscar práticas sustentáveis de produção. Objetiva-se com a pesquisa identificar os fenômenos determinantes dessas iniciativas, bem como caracterizar as diferenças e semelhanças quanto às suas finalidades específicas. Para alcançar o objetivo desta pesquisa utilizar-se-á uma abordagem qualitativa, de cunho exploratório, com procedimento bibliográfico e documental e método hipotético-dedutivo. Concluiu-se que a principal semelhança das iniciativas está no fato de que nasceram de forte pressão da sociedade civil organizada aos compradores da soja brasileira, o que fez o mercado pressionar os produtores, devido à exposição da ligação entre as fazendas de soja e a perda de floresta no recorte de tempo do início dos anos 2000.
Physiotherapy interventions facilitating recovery in COVID-19 patient on immunosuppressive therapy and with multiple comorbidities: a case report
Authors: Rasal Sayali S. , Bhandare Sushama A. , Iyer Saraswati K. 
Published: October 2021

<p class="abstract">The global pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increasingly emerged as a multisystem infection with a wide spectrum of patient presentation, clinical severity and eventual outcomes. Physiotherapy treatment is pivotal to combat the consequences of the viral infection assisting timely functional recovery. Early intervention, routine assessments and tailormade rehabilitation programs aid in the comprehensive management of the patient and reduce further debilitating long COVID sequelae. This case report describes the course of a COVID-19 patient admitted in a COVID dedicated ICU, on immunosuppressive therapy and with multiple comorbidities, receiving daily physiotherapy treatment from admission to discharge. The change in the functional status was assessed using various outcome measures namely single breath count, breath holding time, Medical Research Council sum score, 30 sec sit to stand, timed up and go and 6 min walk test demonstrating a positive effect of physiotherapy interventions in facilitating recovery in the patient. </p>