bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape management strategy of pekarangan to increase community immunity during the covid-19 pandemic in Java Indonesia – inductive research
Authors: Arifin H S , Nurhayati  , Kaswanto  , Budiadi  , Irwan S N R , Faisal B , Dahlan M Z , Nadhiroh S R , Wahyuni T S , Ali M S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The research results in the last two decades show the important role of pekarangan as a micro-scale landscape unit in providing space for growing various types of plants, i.e., multi-layers from the grasses to the trees, livestock, and fish. Pekarangan is defined with distinctive spatial patterns and elements as a representation of the harmonious relationship between the owner and the ecological character. Perceptions and preferences based on different social, cultural, and environmental factors shape the pekarangan pattern and function to become more diverse as a form of community local wisdom. The important role of pekarangan needs to be deeper elaborated in efforts to increase community immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Pekarangan has great potential to be developed as a mitigation and rehabilitation space by providing a variety of medicinal plants as well as outdoor activity spaces with a healthy environment quality. This research was designed for three years with three main approaches: (1) inductive method, which focuses on building theory from practices that have been known and carried out for generations, (2) implementation as an effort to actualize local knowledge, (3) multiplicative for the benefit of the important value of pekarangan. Studies start from basic research of pekarangan; research on the development of spatial planning and elements forming pekarangan; research on nutritional content contributed from pekarangan products. Data were obtained through pekarangan mapping, structured questionnaires at four selected locations in Cisadane, Citarum, Kali Progo, and Brantas Watersheds. The results of this research are expected to be implemented in public spaces on a meso scale and macro scales.
The role of the mahogany tree (Swietenia macrophylla King) on quantity and quality of water that fall below the canopy
Authors: Fadhilah M F , Hidayat Y , Hadiyane A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mahogany trees (Swietenia macrophylla) are often planted in urban forests area. This shady-crowned tree has a role in controlling the quantity and quality of rainwater that falls to the ground. Mahogany trees also affect the quality of rainwater through interception, fall, and stemflow. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of the interception process, such as throughfall and stemflow, on changes in rainwater quality of the mahogany tree. The Data that needed to be measured were tree dimension, rainfall interception, and rainwater quality. Interception measurement was performed by calculating the number of throughfall and stemflow in one month-measurement. While the measurement of rainwater quality was measured once in the laboratory. These water quality measurements include Electrical Conductivity (EC), hardness, the content of Elements Ca, Mg, Na and K, and pH concentrations. The results based on the total area of the crown showed that mahogany had an interception value of 18.088%. In the throughfall measurement, the mahogany has a throughfall of 81.799%, while the amount of the stemflow is only 0.113%. The correlation of interception values, throughfall, and stemflow with rainfall are in general positively correlated. That means the higher rainfall water will increase the number of interception, throughfall, and stemflow. The results on water quality measurement explain that Ec value in rainwater interception was increased compared to water produced from rainfall in mahogany trees. It also has the same condition in hardness measurement. In pH measurements, the interception of rainwater has less pH when compared to direct rainfall water. In addition, the content of Elements Ca, Mg, K, and Na in Stemflow and Throughfall water have more numbers than rainfall itself.
Tree species diversity on ebony habitat with different degradation levels in Sulawesi
Authors: Fatlan K F , Pamoengkas P , Majiidu M , Siregar I Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) is endemic species to Sulawesi that is experiencing population decline. It is known that population size is an important element for the dynamics of natural forests through changes in vegetation structure and composition that need to be monitored. This study aims to analyze the species diversity in natural habitats of genetically diverse ebony, namely: i) Bantimurung National Park (BB), ii) Cani Sirenreng Nature Park (CS), iii) Farhumpenai Nature Reserve (FP), and iv) Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve (PB). Data collection was carried out based on a modified transect line and plot with 20 m x 100 m in size. The results showed that as many as 28 families were identified, consisting of 44 species at the tree level, 37 species at the pole level, 39 species at the sapling level, and 31 species at the seedling level, respectively. The composition of vegetation in Babul National Park consists of 32 species, Cani Sirenreng consists of 18 species, Farhumpenai consists of 19 species, and Pangi Binanngga consists of 19 species. The species composition was dominated by Diospyros celebica Bakh., Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe, Canangium odoratum, Ficus benjamina L., Pterospermum celebicum Miq., Kleinhovia hospita L. and Vitex cofassus Reinw. Ex Blume. The diversity index (H’-Index) of tree species in BB, CS, FP, and PB were 0.82, 1.13, 1.03, and 1.60, respectively. The Important Value Index (INP-Index) of ebony in BB, CS, FP and PB were 18.01%, 74.1%, 60.13% and 113.5%, respectively. The structure of the forest canopy layer in BB and FP consists of three layers of canopy, while CS and PB consist of two layers of canopy.
Species richness and IUCN status of commercial timber in Kedah Forest, Leuser ecosystem
Authors: Harnelly E , Martunis  , Hawati  , Iqbar  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Kedah Forest in Sumatra is one of the forests allocated for tourism and research purposes for the local or foreign communities. The Kedah Forest contains a wealth of biological natural resources, flora and fauna, including wood species with a high economic value (commercial). However, data on the diversity of commercial timber plant species in the area have not been recorded and documented, both in terms of tree species and their conservation status. This research aimed to identify commercial timber plant species and determine the population and conservation status of these species in the Kedah Forest. This study was carried out between October and December 2019. We assessed the species richness and the IUCN status of commercial timber species and assessed its conservation status in accordance with IUCN criteria. The result showed that Kedah Forest has 16 species of commercial timber plants from 11 families, of which six species of commercial timber plants have not been registered as commercial timber according to the Decree of the Minister of Forestry Number: 163/Kpts-II/2003 dated 26 May 2003. Four species of wood plants commercial forest in Kedah are listed on the IUCN Red List under the Near Threatened, Low Risk, and Data Less categories.
Ablation studies on YOLOFruit detection algorithm for fruit harvesting robot using deep learning
Authors: Lawal O M , Huamin Z , Fan Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fruit detection algorithm as an integral part of harvesting robot is expected to be robust, accurate, and fast against environmental factors such as occlusion by stem and leaves, uneven illumination, overlapping fruit and many more. For this reason, this paper explored and compared ablation studies on proposed YOLOFruit, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5 detection algorithms. The final selected YOLOFruit algorithm used ResNet43 backbone with Combined activation function for feature extraction, Spatial Pyramid Pooling Network (SPPNet) for detection accuracies, Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) for feature pyramids, Distance Intersection Over Union-Non Maximum Suppression (DIoU-NMS) for detection efficiency and accuracy, and Complete Intersection Over Union (CIoU) loss for faster and better performance. The obtained results showed that the average detection accuracy of YOLOFruit at 86.2% is 1% greater than YOLOv4 at 85.2% and 4.3% higher than YOLOv5 at 81.9%, while the detection time of YOLOFruit at 11.9ms is faster than YOLOv4 at 16.6ms, but not with YOLOv5 at 2.7ms. Hence, the YOLOFruit detection algorithm is highly prospective for better generalization and real-time fruit detection.
Near infrared spectra features of cocoa pod husk used for feedstuff
Authors: Samadi  , Wajizah S , Zulfahrizal Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This presented study aimed to study the near infrared spectroscopic features of cocoa pod husk samples used as raw materials for animal feedstuff. Spectral data of organic material samples contains chemical properties information that can be revealed through modelling, Thus, the study of this features is essential to assess and reveal buried respective information. Cocoa pod husk samples were obtained from several districts in Aceh Province, grinded and prepared as bulk samples. Diffuse reflectance spectral data for a total of 30 bulk cocoa pod husk samples were acquired and recorded in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm. Spectral data were firstly projected onto principal component analysis to observe similarities among samples. Spectra correction, namely mean normalization was employed to enhance spectra features. The results showed that several chemical information related to cocoa properties can be revealed such as dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract and ash content due to the second and third overtones pf combination bands O-H, C-O-H and N-H. Optimum wavelength for estimating cocoa pod husk attributes are in 1217, 1405-1474 nm, 1629 nm, 1906-1979 nm, and 2283 nm. Based on obtained study, it may conclude that several quality attributes of animal feed samples further can be determined by means of near infrared spectroscopy approach.
Effects of steam-treatment on the chemical component and thermal resistance of bagasse particle for natural-bonded composites product
Authors: Haliffuddin R M A A R , Abu F , Zakaria M N , Osman S , Bahari S A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of steam-treated bagasse particle by using autoclave. Fine size particle was obtained from the milling process of steam-treated bagasse. Before testing, the particle was pre-treated for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The determination of extractives, lignin, α-cellulose, holocellulose and ash-content were conducted in accordance with the standard outline in the Technical Association Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) test methods. Overall results show that the chemical properties have been diminished over time. The chemical properties with the highest percentage of extractive, lignin, ash and holocellulose contents (which was 3.9%, 39.15%, 1.45% and 73% respectively, was extracted at 121°C for 5 minutes). The lowest percentage of extractive, lignin, ash and holocellulose contents (which was 0.8%, 25.30%, 0.88% and 51% respectively, was extracted at 121°C for 15 minutes). It is concluded that longer steam treatment time (beyond 15 minutes) may degrade the chemical properties of bagasse. In addition, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was also carried out to investigate the thermal resistance of bagasse particle. Based on the results, the 10 minutes steamed samples have the highest peak degradation temperature, which was 286.8 °C, while the 15 minutes steamed samples have the lowest peak degradation, which was 246.4 °C. This shows that longer steaming period (more than 10 minutes) will decrease the thermal resistance of the bagasse particle.
Functional and performance test of modified lug wheel on two wheels tractor with pivot type trailer
Authors: Idkham M , Dhafir M , Safrizal  , Putri L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Palm oil fields with slopes require special wheels for transportation for transporting fresh fruit bunches (FFB), the special wheels in question are modified wheels from the existing cage wheel, the modified wheels can adjust the slope conditions on the land with the lug angle adjustment mechanism. The objective of this study was to test the functional and performance of the modified lug wheel as a means of transporting FFB on sloping land using a hand tractor on a pivot type trailer. Functional testing on the modified lug wheel was carried out by observing changes in the angle of the lugs (0, 15, 30, 45)0 by lifting one of the tractor shafts first using a jack, after which the locking pins were released. The angle change rim can be moved clockwise or anticlockwise by hand according to the desired lug angle. Performance testing on the modified lug wheel is carried out by observing and calculating the slip on the wheel. Functional testing on trailer pivots is carried out by observing all components of the towing system when installed and operated, to determine whether the trailer towing system can function properly. Performance testing on the pivot trailer is done by observing and calculating the turning radius when the tractor turns. Performance testing is also carried out by observing the stability of the two-wheel tractor and trailer. The slope of the land and the angle of the lugs greatly affect wheel slip, the higher the slope on a land, the higher the possibility of wheel slippage during operation. The test results show that the use of modified lug wheels shows better performance at 30° lug angle, as seen from the smaller slip value at 30° lug angle.
Review of rice transplanter and direct seeder to be applied in Indonesia paddy field
Authors: Pitoyo J , Idkham M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The challenge to plant one seed or plant per hill by rice ordinary rice transplanter (RT) is still difficult to be achieved due to random in sowing seed by on rice nursery tray. But due to the vigority of seed after sowing in the field and also the unfavorable condition, the more number of seed are still needed and the yield lower compare transplanter method. Recently, the use of rice direct seeding has been increasing rapidly owing to rural labor shortages and continuous increases in agricultural production costs. This article reviews the research and application progress of mechanized rice direct seeding including direct seeding technologies, precision rice seeding, precision rice seed-metering devices. The other important component on succession direct seeding method is also discussed i.e. calcium gypsum coating and iron powder coating. Operating direct seeding machine also need consider about land and water management. Paddy field need to be managed since the seed drooped in order give favor condition of seed and facility the seed with optimum growing condition. In this approach, pre-germinated seeds are uniformly hill-dropped in the expected positions in puddled soil. The both technology PNRT and RDS have prospect and great potential for promoting the development of precession on rice cultivation in Asia.
The application of NIRS method for non-destructive measurement of fat and carbohydrates in pumpkin seeds
Authors: Ifmalinda  , Andasuryani  , Santosa  , Putri I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pumpkin is one of the agricultural products that can be used as an alternative food ingredient. Chemical content such as carbohydrates and fats can be obtained by the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method by using NIR light that is penetrated from the material so that the reflectance and absorbance spectra will be obtained. This spectral data is the value of the reflectance intensity and is the raw data that still contains noise. Furthermore, it is processed with the NIRS data processing method to reduce the influence of wave inference and noise on the spectral data in order to obtain more accurate results. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best calibration mode to estimate the fat and carbohydrate content of pumpkin seeds using the NIRS method. Pre-treatment of the spectrum data was carried out with GapDerivarive and Derivative Savitzky-Golay. NIRS spectra data were processed using the multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS) calibration method. The results showed the best calibration model for carbohydrate and fat content using DerivativeGap data processing with values of r = 0.95, R2 = 0.98, SEC = 1.25, and RMSEC = 1.23. and using Latent Variable (LV) factor 3, while for fat content r = 0.99, R2 = 0.89, SEC = 0.17 and RMSEC = 0.17. and using Latent Variable (LV) factor 4.
Implementation of land and water controlling: case study in Sriharjo Village, Bantul District, Yogyakarta
Authors: Jayanti D S , Arif S S , Susanto S , Sutiarso L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The concept of knowledge management is required to implicate the management of human resources, natural resources, and information technology to raise the consciousness of agricultural performers of the importance of knowledge-based concepts and strategies. The problem is how to increase knowledge of human resources sustainably to improve performance and competitiveness and create a decision-making process as the first step to implement agricultural management in a more focused and measurable. Knowledge management in Sriharjo Village has begun to be developed but has not been implemented and managed optimally as a knowledge asset. This research used a qualitative approach to identify knowledge gaps and a SECI model approach to determine the implementation and knowledge management strategy. This research aims to implement a knowledge management system strategy based on water and land resources in Sriharjo Village. A Collecting data with questionnaires and interviews with respondents and taking samples of respondents in the purposive sampling method. Knowledge will disappear if only stored in a tacit form, but sharing knowledge and implementing knowledge management through the transformation of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge can increase understanding, a consciousness of managers and users, and minimize gaps. The application of KM is necessary to share knowledge with each member of the organization, such as organize meetings, discussions, socialization, using internet media, counseling, and training to improve the performance and sustainability of the organization.
Detection of organophosphate pesticide residues of chili (capsicum annuum l.) in different seasons in Aceh province
Authors: Megawati  , Sulaiman M I , Zakaria S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chili is one of the essential food products that serve as a flavoring ingredient in the diet of the Indonesian people, especially in Aceh province. The analysis was conducted to investigate the safety level of chili sold in traditional markets of Aceh. The analysis was carried out on chili products sold in two different seasons, the rainy season (February, March and October) and the dry season (April, May, and August). Analysis of chili harvested in the rainy season was carried out on six samples from 6 districts. In comparison, analysis on samples sold in the dry season was obtained from 27 samples from 17 districts within Aceh Province. The study was conducted to analyze the pesticide residue of chili, which was traded in the traditional market in Aceh province for pesticides belong to the organophosphate group. Analysis was performed using Gas Chromatography (GC). The results of the analysis showed that in the rainy season, pesticide residue found in 2 districts (Aceh Besar and Bireuen districts). This residue belong to chlorpyrifos (0.74 mg kg−1) and dimethoate (0.61 mg kg−1). Meanwhile, in the dry season, five samples in four districts detected pesticide residues from the organophosphate group. However, only one district (Aceh Tamiang) had pesticide residues exceeding the MRL or more than 3 mg kg−1. The pesticide residue obtained in Aceh Tamiang district is (5.18 mg kg−1) from the profenofos group.
System dynamics modeling on new generation cooperative as an alternative to enhance bargaining position of potato farmers in Bener Meriah district
Authors: Baihaqi A , Hakim L , Marsudi E , Zulkarnain  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to create a New Generation Cooperative (NGC) model in potato supply chain in Bener Meriah District, which is also the subject of research, by applying the system dynamics method to build a dynamic and complex NGC model. This modeling is carried out as an effort to enhance bargaining position at farm level. The result showed that non-formal partnership relationship in potato supply chain is originated from the gap in capital ownership between farmers and intermediary traders, thus giving rise to motivation to control farmers by providing financial loan to farmers. Loan recipient farmers must commit to sell potato only to financial aid traders. This causes the loss of opportunity to sell potato to other parties, which has an impact on the occurrence of pressure on selling price of farmers’s potato. Farmers face asymmetry information, especially regarding the selling price prevailing in the market. On the other hand, formal partnership starts with the industry motivation that is to obtain raw materials, that meet quality requirements on an ongoing basis. In a formal partnership, technology transfer occurs from partners to farmers. Farmers get marketing and price certainty, wider marketing access, and have the opportunity to earn higher profits. Based on the simulation results, data obtained that farmers who are the NGC members get higher revenue, profit, and business efficiency level, than non-partnership farmers.
The Potential of agro-industry development based on agroforestry in Peusangan Forest, Indonesia
Authors: Mahyuddin  , Karim A , Sugianto  , Anhar A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Forest Product Utilization Permit (IUPHH) has the right to manage a production forest is also obliged to keep the production forest functioning properly and not being converted into other uses. The collaboration pattern between the IUPHH management unit and the community around the forest is one of the best ways to monitor and apply the silvicultural method of production forest by creating an agro-industry for the community around the forest. The problem is what type of agroforestry is more dominant and more profitable. The purpose of this research is to find out what types of commodities are suitable to be developed in the area around the Peusangan production forest. This research was conducted by means of direct interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that the community around the Peusangan production forest is more suitable to develop dragon blood (daemonorops draco) plant agroforestry, either by utilizing / collecting non-timber forest products or cultivating it which has a value of 0.457, this value is very large compared to other commodities, while considering the market availability which has a value weight of 0.587, constitutes the majority consideration.