bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governing the Countryside: Microsocial Analysis and Institutional Construction in Late Eighteenth-Century Río de la Plata
Authors: Barriera Darío G. 
Published: March 2021

At the end of the eighteenth century, the Hispanic Monarchy imagined new solutions for governing its territories between the south of the Amazon, the Strait of Magellan, and the Andean cordillera. Populated by farmers and shepherds, these huge rural areas remained poorly known to the authorities. Yet among the reforms conducted in America by Charles III—including the adoption of the intendancy system—none tackled the administration of the countryside head-on. This problem is key for two reasons. First, most of the population of the Río de la Plata lived in rural areas. Second, the enormous distances that separated these areas from the urban centers where representatives of the Monarchy resided (Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, or Madrid) posed a challenge that the authorities had to face in order to govern these populations. Shifting from a “top-down” perspective to a ground-level analysis attentive to local dynamics makes it possible to shed new light on how these spaces far removed from the centers of power functioned. Through the microhistorical analysis of a series of institutional transformations affecting the Río de la Plata, this article shows how subjects came to participate in the government of their region, mobilizing their networks to create a community and institutions on a local scale.
Clinical research during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of virtual visits and digital approaches
Authors: Loucks Tammy L. , Tyson Clare , Dorr David , Garovic Vesna D. , Hill James , McSwain S. David , Radovick Sally , Sonnenberg Frank A. , Weis Jennifer A. , Brady Kathleen T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Clinical trials are a fundamental tool in evaluating the safety and efficacy of new drugs, medical devices, and health system interventions. Clinical trial visits generally involve eligibility assessment, enrollment, intervention administration, data collection, and follow-up, with many of these steps performed during face-to-face visits between participants and the investigative team. Social distancing, which emerged as one of the mainstay strategies for reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, has presented a challenge to the traditional model of clinical trial conduct, causing many research teams to halt all in-person contacts except for life-saving research. Nonetheless, clinical research has continued during the pandemic because study teams adapted quickly, turning to virtual visits and other similar methods to complete critical research activities. The purpose of this special communication is to document this rapid transition to virtual methodologies at Clinical and Translational Science Awards hubs and highlight important considerations for future development. Looking beyond the pandemic, we envision that a hybrid approach, which implements remote activities when feasible but also maintains in-person activities as necessary, will be adopted more widely for clinical trials. There will always be a need for in-person aspects of clinical research, but future study designs will need to incorporate remote capabilities.
Effect of surgery, delivery device and head position on sinus irrigant penetration in a cadaver model
Authors: Mozzanica F , Preti A , Bandi F , Fazio E , Cardella A , Gallo S , Bulgheroni C , Yakirevitch A , Gera R , Castelnuovo P 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe extent of surgery, the type of device used and head position may influence nasal irrigation. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of topical irrigant delivery to the paranasal sinuses according to these factors.MethodFour cadaveric heads underwent four stepwise endoscopic dissections. Irrigations were evaluated after every stage using different delivery devices (squeeze-bottle, gravity-dependent device and syringe) in two head positions (nose-to-sink and vertex down). Irrigant penetration into each sinus was estimated using a four-point scale.ResultsA significant positive effect of surgery was demonstrated for each sinus as well as for the delivery device. High-volume irrigant devices are more effective, and the head position plays a significant role in irrigant distribution to the frontal sinus.ConclusionThis study further confirms the efficacy of high-volume irrigant devices. A vertex down position during the irrigation could improve delivery to the frontal sinus, and the widening of the ostia increases irrigant access to the sinuses.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a triploid population of the human broad tapeworm, Dibothriocephalus latus (Diphyllobothriidea)
Authors: Orosová Martina , Marková Anna , Provazníková Irena , Oros Mikuláš , Radačovská Alžbeta , Čadková Zuzana , Marec František 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe large-sized tapeworm Dibothriocephalus latus is known as the broad or fish-borne cestode of mammals that is capable to infect humans and cause diphyllobothriosis. Recently, molecular data on D. latus has been accumulating in the literature and a complete genome sequence has been published; however, little is known about the karyotype and chromosome architecture. In this study, an in-depth karyological analysis of 2 D. latus specimens was carried out. The plerocercoids originated from a perch caught in subalpine Lake Iseo (Italy) and the tapeworms were reared in hamsters. Both specimens contained cells with a highly variable number of chromosomes ranging from18 to 27. Nevertheless, the largest portion of mitotic figures (47%) showed a number corresponding to the triploid set, 3n = 27. Accordingly, the karyotype of the analyzed specimens consisted of 9 triplets of metacentric chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the 18S rDNA probe clearly demonstrated the presence of 3 clusters of hybridization signals on the triplet of chromosome 7, thus confirming the triploid status of the specimens. FISH with a telomeric (TTAGGG)n probe confined hybridization signals exclusively to the terminal chromosomal regions, supporting the earlier findings that this repetitive motif is a conserved feature of tapeworm telomeres.
An individualized treatment rule to optimize probability of remission by continuation, switching, or combining antidepressant medications after failing a first-line antidepressant in a two-stage randomized trial
Authors: Kessler Ronald C. , Furukawa Toshi A. , Kato Tadashi , Luedtke Alex , Petukhova Maria , Sadikova Ekaterina , Sampson Nancy A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing interest in using composite individualized treatment rules (ITRs) to guide depression treatment selection, but best approaches for doing this are not widely known. We develop an ITR for depression remission based on secondary analysis of a recently published trial for second-line antidepression medication selection using a cutting-edge ensemble machine learning method.MethodsData come from the SUN(^_^)D trial, an open-label, assessor blinded pragmatic trial of previously-untreated patients with major depressive disorder from 48 clinics in Japan. Initial clinic-level randomization assigned patients to 50 or 100 mg/day sertraline. We focus on the 1549 patients who failed to remit within 3 weeks and were then rerandomized at the individual-level to continuation with sertraline, switching to mirtazapine, or combining mirtazapine with sertraline. The outcome was remission 9 weeks post-baseline. Predictors included socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, baseline symptoms, changes in symptoms between baseline and week 3, and week 3 side effects.ResultsOptimized treatment was associated with significantly increased cross-validated week 9 remission rates in both samples [5.3% (2.4%), p = 0.016 50 mg/day sample; 5.1% (2.7%), p = 0.031 100 mg/day sample] compared to randomization (30.1–30.8%). Optimization was also associated with significantly increased remission in both samples compared to continuation [24.7% in both: 11.2% (3.8%), p = 0.002 50 mg/day sample; 11.7% (3.9%), p = 0.001 100 mg/day sample]. Non-significant gains were found for optimization compared to switching or combining.ConclusionsAn ITR can be developed to improve second-line antidepressant selection, but replication in a larger study with more comprehensive baseline predictors might produce stronger and more stable results.
Working in old age in Mexico: implications for cognitive functioning
Authors: Rodriguez Francisca S. , Saenz Joseph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that occupation might affect cognitive functioning in late life. As people in low- and middle-income countries often have to work until late life, we sought to investigate if there are cognitive benefits to working later into life and whether cognitive function deteriorates after exiting the labour force. We analysed longitudinal data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), a nationally representative sample of Mexican adults age 50+ (N = 7,375), that assessed cognitive functioning by verbal learning, delayed recall and visual scanning. Analyses were carried out using mixed-effects modelling corrected for the influence of gender, instrumental activities of daily living, diabetes, stroke, hypertension, depression, income and marital status. Results suggest that working actively, compared to exiting the workforce, was associated with cognitive performance only in context with occupation. Domestic workers had a faster decline in verbal learning (b= −0.02,p= 0.020) and delayed recall (b= −0.02,p= 0.036) if they continued working actively and people working in administration (b= 0.03,p= 0.007), sales (b= 0.02,p= 0.044) and educators (b= 0.03,p= 0.049) had a slower decline in visual scanning if they continued working in old age. Our findings indicate that continued participation in the labour force in old age does not necessarily come with cognitive benefits. Whether or not working actively in later life protects or even harms cognitive functioning is likely to depend on the type of job.
Introduction: Updating Mill on Free Speech
Authors: Turner Piers Norris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractJohn Stuart Mill's defense of freedom of discussion in On Liberty remains a major influence on philosophical and public debates about free speech. By highlighting underappreciated textual evidence and key distinctions, this introduction attempts to show how the contributions of the symposium authors – Melina Constantine Bell, Rafael Cejudo, Christopher Macleod, and Dale E. Miller – point toward a more complete account of Mill's views.
Breeding dispersal movements of Dupont’s LarkChersophilus dupontiin fragmented landscape
Authors: PÉREZ-GRANADOS CRISTIAN , SÁEZ-GÓMEZ PEDRO , LÓPEZ-IBORRA GERMÁN M. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryUnderstanding patterns of dispersal behaviour of threatened species is important in conservation biology and population ecology, especially in fragmented landscapes. Dupont’s LarkChersophilusdupontiis a threatened passerine whose European population has declined by around 40% in the last decade. To study natal and breeding dispersal of the species, we used a long-term mark-recapture dataset (2011–2019) and analysed the records of 32 males (39 dispersal movements) and five females (five dispersal movements) captured during the breeding season at Rincón de Ademuz (Valencia, eastern Spain). Adult birds had a median breeding dispersal of 154 m (Q25-Q75 = 70.0–300.3). Among these captures, two adult males dispersed to a new patch of habitat separated by more than 5,800 m. Only one out of 26 nestlings ringed was trapped as an adult bird, which occurred at a site different from the natal territory (4,500 m). Our results show a low breeding dispersal for the species and are, in essence, in agreement with previous studies carried out in the Ebro Valley metapopulation, one of the core areas for the species in Europe. Nonetheless, unlike in the Ebro Valley, we detected movements of adult birds between habitat patches. The low recovery rate of young birds suggests that they left their natal sites and moved outside the study area or that their survival rate was very low. Future studies focused on the post-fledging survival rate and natal dispersal movements are essential to determine effective conservation measures for the species. Habitat management actions in occupied and potential sites should be carried out close to the areas inhabited by the species to increase the success rate of the interventions and the effective dispersal and therefore population connectivity.
Atrial septal defect occlusion by a catheter during reperfusion of homograft in a case of living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Baba Shiro , Hirata Takuya , Okajima Hideaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLiver transplantation for patients with atrial septal defect and pulmonary artery stenosis, causing high right atrium pressure, raises concerns about embolism in systemic vessels during reperfusion of the donor liver graft. Temporal atrial septal defect occlusion by a catheter is a simple and easy method of preventing the complication.
Bilateral coronary ostial atresia in a patient with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect
Authors: Kato Atsuko , Yoshii Kimihiko , Nishikawa Hiroshi , Sakurai Hajime 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis is a case of a female infant with bilateral coronary ostial atresia associated with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect. She developed coronary ischemia at 1-month of age, when she underwent an aortopulmonary shunt and an aorta-right ventricle shunt. The double-orifice tricuspid valve was separating the right ventricle from the left ventricle. She required extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support because of ventricular dysfunction and mitral regurgitation. Although she was temporarily weaned off the support after mitral valvuloplasty, she died from multiple organ failure. To the best of our knowledge, bilateral coronary ostial atresia associated with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect has not been reported previously.
Watkins on Kant’s Laws of Nature
Authors: Sethi Janum 
Published: March 2021

AbstractI discuss three sets of worries concerning Watkins’ account of laws of nature in Kant on Laws. First, I argue contra Watkins that Kant’s laws of nature do not depend on acts of prescription in any literal sense. Second, I question how his generic conception of laws applies to empirical laws of nature and suggest that the worries about unknowability or contingency that he raises for contemporary alternatives may equally arise for empirical laws on Kant’s account. Finally, I discuss his claim that Kant’s a priori laws depend on the immutability of human cognitive capacities and ask how this immutability should be understood.
Risk factors for bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle
Authors: Smith David R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of death in beef calves 3 weeks of age to weaning and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in beef feeding and finishing systems. Each outbreak of respiratory disease is the result of the completion of a sufficient cause, which might have also included components of viral and bacterial pathogens, a certain state of immunity, or other component causes of respiratory disease in cattle that we fail to understand. Disease is expressed when a sufficient cause is completed. Disease events we observe, such as the occurrence of BRD, usually have relationships with risk factors that are commonly the subject of epidemiologic research and the primary subject of this paper. However, it is important to understand that underlying systems produce those relationships and, ultimately, the occurrence of disease. The risk factors for BRD include a complex set of component causes that include bacterial and viral pathogens, level of host immunity, and environmental conditions that favor pathogen transmission and stress-induced susceptibility. During the post-weaning phase, these factors are superimposed on a system of marketing, transportation, and decisions made to support economic opportunity that further increase the risk for BRD.
UNIRATIONALITY AND GEOMETRIC UNIRATIONALITY FOR HYPERSURFACES IN POSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Oguiso Keiji , Schröer Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBuilding on work of Segre and Kollár on cubic hypersurfaces, we construct over imperfect fields of characteristic
$p\geq 3$
particular hypersurfaces of degree p, which show that geometrically rational schemes that are regular and whose rational points are Zariski dense are not necessarily unirational. A likewise behavior holds for certain cubic surfaces in characteristic
$p=2$
.
Ultra-wide stopband lowpass filters using ring resonators
Authors: Hayati Mohsen , Mustafa Sajjad Mohanad , Shama Farzin , Abbasi Hamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA microstrip-based lowpass filter (LPF) containing modified ring structures has been presented. Ring resonators are used to form a sharp transition region. In addition, rectangular- and tapered-shaped suppressing cells are used to create an ultra-wide stopband region. By combining the designed ring resonator and suppressors, an LPF has been designed with −3 dB cut-off frequency at 1.83 GHz. A sharp transition region has been achieved from 1.83 (at −3 dB) to 2.1 GHz (at −60 dB). A stopband region has been concluded from 2 to 21 GHz (with the corresponding attenuation level of at least 20 dB). The measured insertion loss is better than 0.1 dB (equal to a return loss of 18.1 dB) in the passband region. The proposed circuit is fabricated and measured. The measured results have an appropriate adaption with the simulated results.
Seismic Strain Rate and Flexure at the Hawaiian Islands Constrain the Frictional Coefficient
Authors: Bellas A. , Zhong S. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlexure occurs on intermediate geologic timescales (∼1 Myr) due to volcanic‐island building at the Island of Hawaii, and the deformational response of the lithosphere is simultaneously elastic, plastic, and ductile. At shallow depths and low temperatures, elastic deformation transitions to frictional failure on faults where stresses exceed a threshold value, and this complex rheology controls the rate of deformation manifested by earthquakes. In this study, we estimate the seismic strain rate based on earthquakes recorded between 1960 and 2019 at Hawaii, and the estimated strain rate with 10−18–10−15 s−1 in magnitude exhibits a local minimum or neutral bending plane at 15 km depth within the lithosphere. In comparison, flexure and internal deformation of the lithosphere are modeled in 3D viscoelastic loading models where deformation at shallow depths is accommodated by frictional sliding on faults and limited by the frictional coefficient (μf), and at larger depths by low‐temperature plasticity and high‐temperature creep. Observations of flexure and the seismic strain rate are best‐reproduced by models with μf = 0.3 ± 0.1 and modified laboratory‐derived low‐temperature plasticity. Results also suggest strong lateral variations in the frictional strength of faults beneath Hawaii. Our models predict a radial pattern of compressive stress axes relative to central Hawaii consistent with observations of earthquake pressure (P) axes. We demonstrate that the dip angle of this radial axis is essential to discerning a change in the curvature of flexure, and therefore has implications for constraining lateral variations in lithospheric strength.
Global Wildfire Plume‐Rise Data Set and Parameterizations for Climate Model Applications
Authors: Ke Ziming , Wang Yuhang , Zou Yufei , Song Yongjia , Liu Yongqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe fire plume height (smoke injection height) is an important parameter for calculating the transport and lifetime of smoke particles, which can significantly affect regional and global air quality and atmospheric radiation budget. To develop an observation‐based global fire plume‐rise data set, a modified one‐dimensional plume‐rise model was used with observation‐based fire size and Maximum Fire Radiative Power (MFRP) data, which are derived from satellite fire hotspot measurements. The resulting data set captured well the observed plume height distribution derived from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) measurements. The fraction of fire plumes penetrating above the boundary layer is relatively low at 20% at the time of MISR observation (10:30 am LT) but increases to an average of ∼55% in the late afternoon, implying that the MISR observation data sampled in late morning underestimate the average daytime fire plume heights and plume mixing into the free troposphere. Therefore, adjustments are required through dynamic modeling or parameterization of fire plume height as a function of meteorological and fire conditions when the MISR data set is applied in climate model simulations. We conducted sensitivity simulations using the Community Atmospheric Models version 5 (CAM5). Model results show that the incorporation of fire plume rise in the model tends to significantly increase fire aerosol impacted regions. We applied the offline plume‐rise data to develop an online fire plume height parameterization, allowing for simulating the feedbacks of climate/weather on fire plume rise in climate models.
The North Atlantic Glacial Eastern Boundary Current as a Key Driver for Ice‐Sheet—AMOC Interactions and Climate Instability
Authors: Toucanne Samuel , Soulet Guillaume , Vázquez Riveiros Natalia , Boswell Steven M. , Dennielou Bernard , Waelbroeck Claire , Bayon Germain , Mojtahid Meryem , Bosq Mathieu , Sabine Marjolaine , Zaragosi Sébastien , Bourillet Jean‐François , Mercier Herlé 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe upper branch of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) plays a critical role in ocean circulation and climate change, yet its variability during the last glacial period is poorly documented. Here, we investigate the northward‐flowing Glacial Eastern Boundary Current (GEBC) in the North Atlantic, known today as the European Slope Current, and representing the easternmost portion of the upper branch of the AMOC. Based on flow speed and isotopic records, we show that Dansgaard‐Oeschger (D‐O) interstadials (stadials) correspond to a faster (weaker) GEBC during the ∼50–15 ka period. This, by analogy to present‐day conditions, suggests enhanced (reduced) strength of the subpolar gyre and, by extension, of northern‐sourced water production and AMOC during D‐O interstadials (stadials). Concomitant fluctuations of both the GEBC and the European Ice Sheet between ∼30 and 17 ka suggest an active role of the upper branch of AMOC in the poleward transport of heat and freshwater to the northern North Atlantic, with direct impacts on deep water formation and AMOC strength. We explore these ice‐sheet—AMOC interactions and the associated abrupt climate changes over the last glacial period and the last deglaciation.