bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexural Behavior of Reactive Powder Concrete with Hybrid Section T- Beams
Authors: Atea Rafid Saeed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is unique of the present and greatest significant improvements in constructions field, it has usual excessive kindness happening current duration in the world owing toward its higher concrete properties, great ductility, durability, shrinkage, great opposition to corrosion and abrasion. In this experimental investigation is carried out on the way to revision the RPC flexural activity with Hybrid Segment T- Beams and the mechanical characteristics of this building material. In order to analyze the belongings of steel fiber volumetric ratio, silica fume ratio, tensile steel ratio, hybrid section on RPC T-beam flexural efficiency, the experimental program included testing five beams. The study was focused on determining the load-deflection behavior, letdown mode, strain supply across the depth of the beams and crack pattern at failure. The results of the volumetric ratio of steel fibers and the silica fume ratio were also considered in studying the mechanical properties of RPC mixes. Moreover, a study of hybrid beams showed that use of RPC web and normal concrete in flange efficiently improves the performance of T-beams compared to normal concrete T-beams with a percentage rise of 12 percent and hybrid beams have also shown that the use of RPC flange and normal concrete in web efficiently improves the display of T-beams associated to regular concrete T-beams with percentages increase of 28%.
Does long-term high-altitude exposure reduce myocardial injury and incidence of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery? A propensity score matched study
Authors: Liu Mengxue , Wang Man , Huang Jia , Zeng Zuojia , Huang Keli , Liu Xinquan , Wei Xinchuan , Lei Qian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective

Chronic high-altitude exposure has been shown to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal experiments. The objective was to evaluate the clinical protective effect of long-term high-altitude hypoxic exposure for patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, data from patients who underwent cardiac procedures between January 2013 and December 2019 at a single center was collected. Patients were divided into highlander group (> 2500 m) and lowlander group (< 1500 m) according to the altitude of their residence. A propensity-score-matched analysis was performed to estimate the association of long-term high-altitude exposure and cardiac surgery outcomes.
Results

In a total of 2085 patients, 128 highlander patients were matched to 248 lowlander patients. The levels of CK-MB and hs-TnI upon arrival at the intensive care unit were lower in the highlander group compared to the lowlander group [70.6 U/L (56.0, 92.6) vs 85.0 U/L (68.5, 113.5), P < 0.001; 6.1 ng/mL (3.3,11.2) vs 7.9 ng/mL (3.6, 14.1), P = 0.011, respectively]. The highlander group also had a lower incidence of acute kidney injury (13.3% vs 21.8%, P = 0.046). The in-hospital mortality in the highlander group was lower than in the lowlander group without statistical significance (0.8% vs 4.0%, P = 0.107).
Conclusions

Long-term high-altitude exposure was associated with less myocardial injury and a lower incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery.
Association of Cathepsin B a Salivary Biomarkers in Different Histological Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shabbir Alveena , Waheed Humera , Ahmed Shaheen , Shaikh Sabhita Shabir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background:Oral cancer is considered a major public health problem due to its high mortality and morbidity rates. Survival rate of OSCC can be significantly improved by using non -invasive tool such as salivary biomarkers for detection of OSCC which is considered a promising approach. Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protein, which is present in abundant quantities in lysosome of cells, tissues and different biological fluids. Increased expression of Cathepsin B is observed in many malignancies including oral cancer. The present study was designed to determine the salivary levels of Cathepsin B in different histological grades of OSCC.Method:In this study total no of 80 research participants were enrolled which were divided into four groups. Each group comprises 20 participants. Groups 1 comprises 20 patients of OSCC (Well differentiated), Group 2 comprises 20 patients of OSCC (moderately differentiated), Group 3 comprises 20 patients of OSCC (poorly differentiated|) and Group 4 comprises 20 healthy controls. Saliva sample was collected from all the four study group and salivary Cathepsin B levels were analyzed by ELISA sandwich technique in duplicate.Results:Salivary levels of Cathepsin B are significantly increased with p- value (<0.001) in patients of OSCC in comparison to control group. We observed highest mean Cathepsin B levels in well differentiated OSCC followed by poorly differentiated OSCC and moderately differentiated OSCC.Conclusion:Results of the present study suggests that Cathepsin B has a great value as a salivary biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of OSCS in different histological grades of OSCC. It could increase the survival rate and further improve the prognosis of OSCC.
Species Identification and Quantification of Bovine Bone Marrow from Non-Bovine Products using DNA and Protein Fingerprints
Authors: Guan Yize , Li Nan , Li Tancheng , Sun Liyuan , Cheng Li Ming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bovine bone marrow is traditionally regarded as a highly nutritious food that has been widely used as a medicinal and healthy food for several decades in China. A large number of adulterated and counterfeit bone marrows from pigs and donkeys have been used in place of bovine bone marrow in commercial products, which are almost identical morphologically to species. Therefore, we explored a feasibility of fingerprinting of multiplex PCR gels combined with imaged SDS-PAGE gels of proteins. Three pairs of specific primers for bovine, pig and donkey were designed according to the conserved sequence in mitochondrial cytochrome b. The optimal reaction conditions for triple PCR were optimized. A modified method was used to extract total proteins and SDS-PAGE gels of proteins were set up. A three-fold PCR detection assay was successfully established to identify three species of bovine, pig and donkey. Three primers have good specificity and high sensitivity. Additionally, the assay sensitivity test confirmed that the extracted DNA concentration was the lowest of bovine bone marrow at 0.1 pg. The assay also showed 100% specificity. The electrophoretogram of SDS-PAGE showed distinct electrophoresis profiles among three species. The established fingerprint of multiplex PCR DNA gels combined with imaged SDS-PAGE gels of proteins has strong specificity and can be quickly and accurately used for the identification of bovine bone marrow. Rapid authentication of bovine bone marrow and differentiation from non-bovine products can be achieved using an improved SDS alkali denaturation method, species-specific PCR assay combined with imaged SDS-PAGE gels of proteins.
Stability of Implants Supported By Three Types of Bone Grafting Materials in Dogs
Authors: Gholami Mahdi , Ahrari Farzaneh , Sedigh Hamideh Salari , Bourauel Christoph , Ahmadi Latifeh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to assess the stability of implants placed in a simultaneous procedure with different grafting materials (autogenous, xenogenous, and synthetic) in experimentally induced bone defects in dogs.Methods: Thirteen dogs were included and divided into three groups according to the time of sacrificing. Oversized osteotomies were prepared in the sternum, and the implants were placed in bone defects. A total of 3 to 5 implants were placed per animal. Each group of animals contained 3 subgroups according to the grafting material utilized. In subgroup 1, autograft was applied, whereas in subgroups 2 and 3, bovine bone mineral (Cerabone) and a synthetic calcium phosphate substitute (Osteon II) were employed. At the end of the specified healing periods (2 months, 4 months, or 6 months), the animals were sacrificed and the implant stability was determined through measuring the resonance frequency.Results: Forty-five integrated implants were obtained from this study and nine were lost (failure rate 17%). The two-way analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in ISQ measurements either between the bone graft materials (autogenous, xenogenous, and synthetic; P=0.950) or between the healing intervals (2 months, 4 months, and 6 months; P=0.769)Conclusions: The stability of implants augmented with autogenous, xenogenous (Cerabone) or synthetic (Osteon II) graft materials was comparable at 2, 4 and 6 months after placement. This indicates that both Cerabone and Osteon II could be considered as suitable substitutes for regeneration of bone defects to overcome the limitations of autografts.
Global warming impairs chemical communication between plants and pollinators
Authors: Cordeiro Guaraci , Dötterl Stefan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Global warming is expected to have a great impact on floral scents and consequently, on the attraction of pollinators. While there is evidence that temperature affects the biosynthesis and emission of floral scents, the effects on chemically mediated pollinator behavior have not been assessed. Here, we show by chemical analytical, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches that increased air temperatures affect the chemical communication between strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) and its bee pollinators (Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris, Osmia bicornis). Plants cultivated at increased temperatures released smaller amounts and a different composition of floral scent than plants cultivated at physiological optimum temperatures, which translated into a reduced attractiveness to pollinators. Our study highlights for the first time that increased temperatures negatively affect the chemical communication between plants and their pollinators. This raises important ecological and agricultural questions, as impaired communication between plants and their pollinators might result in insufficient pollination with negative consequences for ecosystem functioning and crop yields.
Insights from shotgun metagenomics into bacterial species and metabolic pathways associated with NAFLD in obese youth
Authors: Testerman Todd , Li Zhongyao , Galuppo Brittany , Graf Joerg , Santoro Nicola 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims
NAFLD is the most common form of liver disease and is often the precursor for more serious liver conditions such as NASH and cirrhosis. The gut microbiome has been implicated in the development of NAFLD, but studies have often compared healthy individuals to those with the disease. In this study, we aimed to examine the taxonomic and functional differences between the microbiomes of obese youth with and without NAFLD.
Approach and Results
Shotgun metagenome sequencing was used to profile the microbial communities of 36 subjects, half of which were diagnosed with NAFLD. Beta diversity analysis showed community-wide differences between the cohorts (p = 0.002). Specific taxonomic differences included the species Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans (p = 0.042), Romboutsia ilealis (p = 0.046), and Actinomyces sp. ICM47 (p = 0.0009) elevated in the NAFLD-positive group and Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (p = 0.0002) elevated in the NAFLD-negative group. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes (p < 0.0001) was elevated in the NAFLD-negative group. Functionally, branched chain amino acid (p = 0.01343) and aromatic amino acid (p = 0.01343) synthesis pathways were elevated in the NAFLD-positive group along with numerous energy utilization pathways including pyruvate fermentation to acetate (p = 0.01318).
Conclusions
The link between obesity and NAFLD development in younger individuals has rarely been probed, with most studies focusing on adults and comparing healthy individuals with obese, NAFLD-positive individuals. This study supports the idea that the NAFLD phenotype displays a differentiated microbial and functional signature from the obesity phenotype.
Patients Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs) Trajectories After Elective Hip Arthroplasty: A Latent Class Growth Analysis
Authors: Golinelli Davide , Grassi Alberto , Tedesco Dario , Sanmarchi Francesco , Rosa Simona , Rucci Paola , Amabile Marilina , Cosentino Monica , Bordini Barbara , Fantini Maria Pia , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are an extensively used tool to assess and improve the quality of healthcare services. PROMs are affected by individual characteristics in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty (HA). The aim of this study is to identify distinct groups of patients with unique score-trajectories using the Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) technique and to determine patients’ features associated with these groups.Methods. We conducted a prospective, cohort study analyzing PROMs questionnaires (Euro Quality 5 Dimensions 3L, EQ-5D-3L, Euro-Quality-Visual-Analytic-Score, EQ-VAS, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, HOOS-PS) administered to patients undergoing elective HA at successive time points. For each score, LCGA was carried out to identify subgroups of patients assessed pre-operatively, and at 6 and 12 months after HA. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with the latent trajectories.Results. We identified three distinct trajectories for each PROM score. These trajectories indicated high response heterogeneity to the HA among the patients (n=991): one trajectory showing an improvement at 6 months followed by a plateau, a second trajectory showing a lower starting level followed by a consistent improvement, and a third trajectory showing a modest improvement at 6 months followed by a modest decline at 12 months. Patient’s gender, ASA score ≥3, obesity and the main diagnosis were significantly associated with different PROMs trajectories.Conclusions. These findings underline the importance of patient-centered care, supporting the usefulness of integrating PROMs data alongside routinely collected healthcare records for guiding clinical care and maximizing patient outcomes. Trial registration number: Protocol version (1.0) and trial registration data are available on the platform www.clinicaltrial.gov with the identifier NCT03790267, posted on December 31, 2018.
Pressurized Carbon Dioxide Lavage Reduces the Incidence of a Radiolucent Line Around the Tibial Component Two Years After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Nagashima Masaki , Otani Toshiro , Okada Yoshifumi , Aibara Noriyuki , Takeshima Kenichiro , Ishii Ken 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: In cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA), pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) lavage prior to cement fixation can eliminate debris at the bone-cement interface and is considered effective for increasing cement penetration and preventing aseptic loosening. Regarding the risk of a preliminary diagnosis of implant loosening, a radiolucent line (RLL) is a valuable sign. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of a tibial RLL at 2 years after TKA with and without pressurized CO2 lavage.Methods: This is a retrospective study. One hundred knees from 98 patients were enrolled in this study. TKA was performed without pressurized CO2 lavage (CO2- group) for the first 47 knees, and with pressurized CO2 lavage (CO2+ group) for the next 53 knees. The depth of cement penetration was measured just after surgery, and the incidence of tibial RLL >2 mm, at 2 years after TKA was determined. Results: Significant differences between groups were not seen regarding pre- and postoperative clinical factors. The depth of cement penetration in each area was significantly higher in the CO2+ group. The frequency of knees with RLL >2 mm was significantly lower in the CO2+ group than in the CO2- group (p<0.001).Conclusions: Pressurized CO2 lavage improved cement penetration and decreased the incidence of tibial RLL >2 mm at 2 years after TKA. Since the RLL has been reported as a valuable sign for preliminary diagnosis of loosening, pressurized CO2 lavage appears effective for preventing loosening.
Strengthened Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm for Numerical Optimization Tasks
Authors: Chen Xuefen , Ye Chunming , Zhang Yang , Zhao Lingwei , Guo Jing , Ma Kun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm (TLBO) is an efficient optimizer. However, it has several shortcomings such as premature convergence and stagnation at local optima. In this paper, the strengthened teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm (STLBO) is proposed to enhance the basic TLBO’s exploration and exploitation properties by introducing three strengthening mechanisms: the linear increasing teaching factor, the elite system composed of new teacher and class leader, and the Cauchy mutation. Subsequently, seven variants of STLBO are designed based on the combined deployment of the three improved mechanisms. Performance of the novel STLBOs is evaluated by implementing them on thirteen numerical optimization tasks. The results show that STLBO7 is at the top of the list, significantly better than the original TLBO. Moreover, the remaining six variants of STLBO also outperform TLBO. Finally, a set of comparisons are implemented between STLBO7 and other advanced optimization techniques. The numerical results and convergence curves prove that STLBO7 clearly outperforms other competitors, has stronger local optimal avoidance, faster convergence speed and higher solution accuracy. All the above manifests that STLBOs has improved the search performance of TLBO. Data Availability Statements: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Decrease of Consciousness Level Caused by Baclofen; a Case Report
Authors: Ebrahimi Hamideh , Hosseini Meimanat 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The side effects of drug use can have different consequences, from allergies to death. Among the drugs used to relieve chronic spasms is baclofen. Baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist that is commonly administered orally and acts on the spinal cord. A few studies have been reported on mortality from baclofen. Case presentation: This present study reported a case of decreased consciousness and drowsiness, and severe decrease in muscle tone as a result of taking only 50 mg of baclofen.Conclusion: Level of consciousness can be decreased following the administration of baclofen but it is not permanent. Nurses are recommended to check albumin level of the blood as an intervening factor and pay attention to patients’ responses to baclofen.
Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease on levels of Oxidative Stress and Trace Elements
Authors: Zhu Xiaojing , Zhang Yuan , Han Jin , Xiao Dan , Zhu Dan , Ou Yan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The relationship between trace elements and OS in CKD patients is still not completely elucidated. The aim of this work is to determine the serum levels of OS and the trace elements in CKD patients.Methods: A total of 91 patients were enrolled and then divided into 3 groups at the basis of CKD stages. Healthy volunteers were included as a control group. Serum levels of SOD, MDA, Zn, Cu, Ca, Fe, and Mg were determined , and the correlation among these datas were analyzed.Results: The MDA level in the patients’ sera was significantly higher than the controls’ (P<0.05); however, their sera level of SOD was obviously lower (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the creatinine level in CKD patients’ sera was positively correlated with the MDA level (r = 0.534, P<0.01), while negatively with the expression of SOD (r = -0.427, P < 0.01). A lower expression of Zn and Ca values could be seen in the cases’ sera (P<0.05). Besides that, it showed a significant negative correlation between serum levels of MDA and Ca (r=-0.282, P<0.01), MDA and Zn (r=-0.358, P<0.01), while a positive correlation between MDA and Cu (r = 0.236, P=0.022). Adversely, the expression of SOD in the sera of cases was positively related to the levels of Ca (r=0.273, P<0.01) and Zn (r=0.277, P<0.01).Conclusion: Abnormalities of OS and Zn、Ca existed in CKD patients; and elevated OS may play a role in the trace elements imbalance. Dialysis seems to have no obvious effect on plasma trace elements.
Early Ascorbic Acid Administration Prevents Vascular Endothelial Cell Damage In Septic Mice
Authors: Madokoro Yutaro , Kamikokuryo Chinatsu , Niiyama Shuhei , Ito Takashi , Hara Satoshi , Ichinose Hiroshi , Kakihana Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) therapy for sepsis is thought to have a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells, but the effect of AsA therapy on endothelial cell dysfunction over time and the appropriate timing for AsA administration to demonstrate efficacy is unclear. Septic mice, induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), were examined for the effect of AsA administration (200 mg/kg) on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction at two administration timings: early group (AsA was administered immediately after CLP) and late group (AsA was administered 12 h after CLP). Survival rates were compared between the early and late administration groups, and vascular endothelial cell damage, indicated by the dihydrobiopterin/tetrahydrobiopterin ratio, serum syndecan-1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, as well as liver damage, were examined. The early group showed significantly improved survival compared to the non-treatment group (p < 0.05), while the late group showed no improved survival compared to the non-treatment group. Early AsA administration suppressed damage to the vascular endothelial system and liver compared to the non-treatment group. In septic mice, early AsA administration immediately after CLP may have protective effects on vascular endothelial cells, resulting in reduced organ dysfunction and improved survival.
Clinical Effect of Day-case Arthroscopic Surgery of Tibial Eminence Fracture using the Button Plates for Treatment in Adults
Authors: XU Xiaohui , WANG Huayi , GUO Feng , CUI Fengguo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the early clinical efficacy and complications of arthroscopic treatment of tibial eminence fracture (TEF) with button plates.Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with TEF fracture treated by arthroscopic surgery was performed. Clinical subjective evaluation included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Lysholm knee score, and visual analog scale (VAS). The knee joint scores were evaluated according to the Lysholm score. Clinical objective assessment included the Lachman test, anterior drawer test (ADT), IKDC, and the range of motion. The patient's quality of life was measured using a life summary table. Assessment of fracture healing and internal fixation was performed on lateral X-rays of the knee joint. The patients’ satisfaction was measured and evaluated at the last follow-up in accordance with Marsh criteria. RESULTS: There were 22 patients (22 knees) with a mean age of 33.64 ± 8.60 years. The mean follow-up was 28.36 ± 2.79 months. The difference in Lachman test and ADT before and after the operation was statistically significant. According to the IKDC classification, there were 11 cases with type A, 9 cases with type B, and 2 cases with type C. According to the intra-articular button position classification, the rate of ideal position was 100%. The satisfaction rate was 81.8%.CONCLUSIONS: Day surgery using double-button plates to treat TEF can achieve anatomical reduction, power and stability, and good clinical efficacy.