bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of wagering inducements on the gambling behaviors of on‐line gamblers: A longitudinal study based on gambling tracking data
Authors: Balem Marianne , Perrot Bastien , Hardouin Jean‐Benoit , Thiabaud Elsa , Saillard Anaïs , Grall‐Bronnec Marie , Challet‐Bouju Gaëlle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo estimate whether the use of wagering inducements has a significant impact on the gambling behaviors of on‐line gamblers and describe this temporal relation under naturalistic conditions.DesignThis longitudinal observational study is part of the second stage of the Screening for Excessive Gambling Behaviors on the Internet (EDEIN) research program.SettingGambling tracking data from the French national on‐line gambling authority (poker, horse race betting and sports betting) and from the French national lottery operator (lotteries and scratch games).ParticipantsA total of 9306 gamblers who played poker, horse race or sports betting and 5682 gamblers who played lotteries and scratch games completed an on‐line survey. The gender ratio was largely male (between 87.1% and 92.9% for poker, horse race betting and sports betting, and equal to 65.1% for lotteries). Median age ranged from 35 (sports betting) to 53 (horse race betting and lotteries).MeasurementsThe survey used the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) to determine the status of the gamblers (at‐risk or not). Gambling tracking data included weekly gambling intensity (wagers, deposits), gambling frequency (number of gambling days), proxies of at‐risk gambling behaviors (chasing and breadth of involvement) and use of wagering inducements.FindingsThe use of wagering inducements was associated with an increase of gambling intensity [β between −0.06 (−0.08; –0.05) and 0.57 (0.54; 0.60)], gambling frequency [β between 0.12 (0.10; 0.18) and 0.29 (0.28; 0.31)] and at‐risk gambling behaviors [odds ratio between 1.32 (1.16; 1.50) and 4.82 (4.61; 5.05)] at the same week of their use. This effect was stronger for at‐risk gambling behaviors and at‐risk gamblers.ConclusionsWagering inducements may represent a risk factor for developing or exacerbating gambling problems.
Understanding constraints on private irrigation adoption decisions under uncertainty in data constrained settings: A novel empirical approach tested on Ecuadorian Cocoa cultivations
Authors: Villa‐Cox Gonzalo , Cavazza Francesco , Jordan Cristian , Arias‐Hidalgo Mijail , Herrera Paúl , Espinel Ramon , Viaggi Davide , Speelman Stijn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn rural areas of LatinAmerican Countries, irrigation requirements for perennial crops, like cocoa are expected to increase. This paper develops a novel holistic approach to model private investment decisions in irrigation adoption by small and mid‐sized cocoa farmers that face competing sources of uncertainty. In agricultural studies data collection through surveys often leads to issues of missing information on key measured variables. Our approach deals simultaneously with the issue of endogeneity of considering diverse risk sources and with the missing values in key covariates. The study considers multiple levels of irrigation adoption in a context where traditional and modern irrigation systems might coexist. The main contributions of this paper are both its methodological approach and its empirical application filling a knowledge gap on irrigation adoption.
Valuing natural capital when management is dominated by periods of inaction
Authors: Hashida Yukiko , Fenichel Eli P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractValuing natural assets is important for tracking the performance of management, for sustainability assessments based on wealth accounting, for environmental income and product accounting, and for benefit–cost analysis of specific projects. Developments in valuing natural capital have focused on implicit intertemporal exchange revealed by resource management behavior that maps the state of the natural system in a continuous fashion onto a management response. However, the management of many real assets, including many natural assets, is best described as inaction with punctuated adjustment. We develop natural asset valuation theory and approximation methods for such cases. We illustrate the theory and methods for the case of forests managed through even‐aged management, that is, clear cuts. These forests may provide “passive” or “inaction” value while standing and timber benefits at harvest. We find that the passive flow value of the forests can be positive and depend on site class, and that wealth held in private industrial Oregon Douglas‐fir forests increased over the first decade of the twenty‐first century.
Land use induced land cover changes and future scenarios in extent of Miombo woodland and Dambo ecosystems in the Copperbelt province of Zambia
Authors: Malunga Mwelwa Mwape , Cho Moses Azong , Chirwa Paxie Wanangwa , Yerokun Olusegun Adedayo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe pattern of Miombo woodland conversion to other land uses and the attendant impacts on vital Miombo ecosystems such as dambos is not well understood. Using the Copperbelt province of Zambia as a case study, we assessed the spatio‐temporal patterns of Miombo woodland and dambo conversion to other land uses between 1984 and 2016 and predicted the changes to 2050. The effects of land use land cover change (LULCC) on the extent of Miombo woodlands and dambos was determined by intersecting layers of croplands, settlements, plantations, grasslands and barelands on woodland and dambo pixels. Prediction of future LULCC was done using the land change modeller (LCM) in TerrSet. It was observed that in the period between 1984 and 2016, woodlands decreased by 17.9% while dambos increased by 4.9%. The two classes were predicted to lose 26.4% and 2.0%, respectively, by 2050. Conversion to cropland was the highest contributor to woodland loss, accounting for 57.5% of total loss by 2016, and projected to reach 67.6% by 2050. Similarly, establishment of cropland was shown to result into 53.5% (2016) and 58.9% (2050) of loss of dambos. Expansion of croplands caused a decline in woodlands and dambos. Therefore, sustainable agriculture should be adopted.
A linear noise approximation for stochastic epidemic models fit to partially observed incidence counts
Authors: Fintzi Jonathan , Wakefield Jon , Minin Vladimir N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStochastic epidemic models (SEMs) fit to incidence data are critical to elucidating outbreak dynamics, shaping response strategies, and preparing for future epidemics. SEMs typically represent counts of individuals in discrete infection states using Markov jump processes (MJPs), but are computationally challenging as imperfect surveillance, lack of subject‐level information, and temporal coarseness of the data obscure the true epidemic. Analytic integration over the latent epidemic process is impossible, and integration via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is cumbersome due to the dimensionality and discreteness of the latent state space. Simulation‐based computational approaches can address the intractability of the MJP likelihood, but are numerically fragile and prohibitively expensive for complex models. A linear noise approximation (LNA) that approximates the MJP transition density with a Gaussian density has been explored for analyzing prevalence data in large‐population settings, but requires modification for analyzing incidence counts without assuming that the data are normally distributed. We demonstrate how to reparameterize SEMs to appropriately analyze incidence data, and fold the LNA into a data augmentation MCMC framework that outperforms deterministic methods, statistically, and simulation‐based methods, computationally. Our framework is computationally robust when the model dynamics are complex and applies to a broad class of SEMs. We evaluate our method in simulations that reflect Ebola, influenza, and SARS‐CoV‐2 dynamics, and apply our method to national surveillance counts from the 2013–2015 West Africa Ebola outbreak.
Urinary retinol binding protein predicts renal outcome in systemic immunoglobulin light‐chain (AL) amyloidosis
Authors: Rezk Tamer , Salota Rashim , Gan Jaslyn J. , Lachmann Helen J. , Fontana Marianna , Siew Keith , Martinez‐Naharro Ana , Guillotte Christianne , Bass Paul , Sachchithanantham Sajitha , Mahmood Shameem , Petrie Aviva , Whelan Carol J. , Pinney Jennifer H. , Dockrell Mark , Foard Darren , Lane Thirusha , Wechalekar Ashutosh D. , Hawkins Philip N. , Walsh Stephen B. , Gillmore Julian D. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryRenal risk stratification in systemic immunoglobulin light‐chain (AL) amyloidosis is according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary protein creatinine ratio (uPCR), the latter attributed to glomerular dysfunction, with proximal tubular dysfunction (PTD) little studied. Urinary retinol binding protein 4 (uRBP), a low molecular weight tubular protein and highly sensitive marker of PTD, was prospectively measured in 285 newly diagnosed, untreated patients with systemic AL amyloidosis between August 2017 to August 2018. At diagnosis, the uRBP/creatinine ratio (uRBPCR) correlated with serum creatinine (r = 0·618, P < 0·0001), uPCR (r = 0·422, P < 0·0001) as well as both fractional excretion of phosphate and urate (r = 0·563, P < 0·0001). Log uRBPCR at diagnosis was a strong independent predictor of end‐stage renal disease {hazard ratio [HR] 2·65, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·06–6·64]; P = 0·038}, particularly in patients with an eGFR >30 ml/min/1.73 m2 [HR 4·11, (95% CI 1·45–11·65); P = 0·008] and those who failed to achieve a deep haematological response to chemotherapy within 3 months of diagnosis [HR 6·72, (95% CI 1·83–24·74); P = 0·004], and also predicted renal progression [HR 1·91, (95% CI 1·18–3·07); P = 0·008]. Elevated uRBPCR indicates PTD and predicts renal outcomes independently of eGFR, uPCR and clonal response in systemic AL amyloidosis. The role of uRBPCR as a novel prognostic biomarker merits further study, particularly in monoclonal gammopathies of renal significance.
Contemporary outcomes of bladder carcinoma in situ treated with an adequate bacille Calmette–Guérin immunotherapy
Authors: Subiela José Daniel , Rodríguez Faba Óscar , Aumatell Júlia , Calderón Julio , Mercadé Asier , Balañà Josep , Esquinas Cristina , Algaba Ferran , Breda Alberto , Palou Joan 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo assess whether bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) responsiveness after initiation of an adequate BCG treatment (at least five of six instillations of induction and at least two of three instillations of maintenance) impacts oncological outcomes in patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder treated with BCG immunotherapy.Patients and MethodsData were available for 193 patients with bladder CIS with or without associated cTa/cT1 disease who received an adequate BCG treatment between 2008 and 2015. Bladder biopsies were taken at 6 months and patients were then stratified as either BCG responsive (negative biopsies) or BCG unresponsive (positive biopsies). Inverse probability weighting (IPW)‐adjusted Kaplan–Meier and IPW‐adjusted Cox regression were performed to compare progression‐free survival (PFS), radical cystectomy‐free survival (RCFS), overall survival OS, and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in the two groups.Results and LimitationsComparing the BCG‐responsive and BCG‐unresponsive groups, IPW‐adjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed, respectively, a median (interquartile range) of PFS of 9 (5–15) vs 48.5 (28–77) months (P = 0.001), a RCFS of 11 (9–15) vs 49 (24–76) months (P < 0.001), and a CSS of 25 (13–60) vs 109 (78–307) months (P = 0.004). On IPW‐adjusted Cox regression analysis, BCG‐unresponsive patients had a worse PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–7.27), RCFS (HR 3.52, 95% CI 1.77–7), and CSS (HR 4.42, 95% CI 1.95–10.01). We found no significant differences for OS.ConclusionUsing an IPW method we found that lack of response after initiation of an adequate BCG treatment has prognostic implications beyond identification of complete response in patients with CIS. BCG‐unresponsive patients, satisfying the novel definition of BCG unresponsive, showed a poor PFS, RCFS, and CSS. In this setting, the patients should be counselled regarding RC as a first option or enrolled in a clinical trial if they refuse RC or are unfit for surgery.
Exploring the role of climatic niche changes in the evolution of the southern South American genus Baripus (Coleoptera: Carabidae): optimization of non‐hereditary climatic variables and phylogenetic signal measurement
Authors: Agrain Federico A. , Domínguez Cecilia M. , Carrara Rodolfo , Griotti Mariana , Roig‐Juñent Sergio A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBaripus is a ground beetle genus endemic to southern South America, currently distributed across grassland and shrub habitats in mountain and lowland regions. The species of this genus are known to have been affected by the Andean orogeny and the climate changes that occurred during this process. In this study, we seek to understand how the orogeny of the Andes may have led to changes in the climatic niches of the species of Baripus over time. We integrated former ecological and historical biogeographic hypotheses, exploring the use of parsimony optimization of phylogenetically structured climate variables and ancestral character state reconstruction methods. We then performed regression analyses of the optimized climatic niche variables within the phylogenetic tree of Baripus. We were able to infer significant climatic niche constraints, and niche changes that provide new insights to the existing knowledge, supporting former ecological and biogeographic hypotheses for this genus. Such trends in climatic niche could be explained by the rain shadow effect caused by the Andean uplift as well as with other climate shifts associated with temperature and precipitation swings that occurred in this region from the Middle Miocene to the Pliocene.
ShiningNIRlight on ivory: A practical enforcement tool for elephant ivory identification
Authors: Chaitae Apinya , Rittiron Ronnarit , Gordon Iain J. , Marsh Helene , Addison Jane , Pochanagone Suttahatai , Suttanon Nattakan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe elephant ivory trade remains controversial because of concerns about the extinction risk of elephants and the different needs of CITES member states. Thailand's situation is particularly contentious because of the different legal status among types of elephant ivory. Thai law allows the local sale of ivory from domesticated Asian elephants, which creates challenges for Thai enforcement officers in identification of ivory provenance. We investigated the capacity of non‐destructive Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (600–1700 nm), combined with Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐DA), to discriminate between ivory from African, wild Asian and domesticated Asian elephants. Ivory spectra of 64 elephants were divided randomly into calibration and validation datasets. We were able to determine elephant ivory provenance at both the interspecies (African and Asian elephant ivory), and within species (wild and domesticated Asian elephant ivory) classifications with 100% accuracy. These results showed the potential use of handheld NIR spectrometers for rapid assessments of ivory provenance, as well as a forensic tool for wider enforcement.
Evobrutinib, a covalent Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor: Mass balance, elimination route, and metabolism in healthy participants
Authors: Scheible Holger , Dyroff Martin , Seithel‐Keuth Annick , Harrison‐Moench Eleanor , Mammasse Nadra , Port Andreas , Bachmann Angelika , Dong Jennifer , van Lier Jan Jaap , Tracewell William , Mitchell David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe highly selective, covalent Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor evobrutinib is under investigation for treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Early clinical studies in healthy participants and patients with relapsing MS indicated that evobrutinib is well‐tolerated and effective. We undertook a mass balance study in six men who received a single 75‐mg oral dose of evobrutinib containing ~ 3.6 MBq (100 μCi) 14C‐evobrutinib, to determine the absorption, metabolic pathways, and routes of excretion of evobrutinib. The primary objectives of this phase I study (NCT03725072) were to (1) determine the rates and routes of total radioactivity excretion, including the mass balance of total drug‐related radioactivity in urine and feces, (2) assess the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of total radioactivity in blood and plasma, and (3) characterize the plasma PKs of evobrutinib. Exploratory end points included identifying and quantifying evobrutinib and its metabolites in plasma and excreta (urine and feces) and exploring key biotransformation pathways and clearance mechanisms. Evobrutinib was primarily eliminated in feces (arithmetic mean percentage, SD, 71.0, 2.1) and, to a lesser extent, in urine (20.6, 2.0), with most of the total radioactivity (85.3%) excreted in the first 72 h after administration. No unchanged evobrutinib was detected in excreta. Evobrutinib was rapidly absorbed and substantially metabolized upon absorption. Only one major metabolite M463‐2 (MSC2430422) was identified in plasma above the 10% of total drug exposure threshold, which classifies M463‐2 (MSC2430422) as a major metabolite according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA; metabolites in safety testing [MIST]) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA; International Conference on Harmonization [ICH] M3). These results support further development of evobrutinib and may help inform subsequent investigations.
Spatial overlap of wildfire and biodiversity in California highlights gap in non‐conifer fire research and management
Authors: Calhoun Kendall L. , Chapman Melissa , Tubbesing Carmen , McInturff Alex , Gaynor Kaitlyn M. , Van Scoyoc Amy , Wilkinson Christine E. , Parker‐Shames Phoebe , Kurz David , Brashares Justin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimGlobal change has spurred the escalation of megafires in California over the last 20 years throughout a variety of ecosystems. Here, we examine the spatial distribution of California wildfires and megafires from the last two decades (2000–2020) in relation to ecosystem types and biodiversity metrics. We offer insights into the prevalence of fire across vegetation types and its potential implications for biodiversity, and for fire and land management. These results challenge the prevailing discourse that wildfire in California is chiefly an issue of forest management.LocationCalifornia, United States of America.MethodsWe calculated burned area across vegetation types from 2000 to 2020 by integrating fire perimeter and land cover data and compared this to a content analysis of coverage of wildfires by media and scientific research across California. We then compared the distribution of fire perimeters across biodiversity metrics (richness and endemism) for five terrestrial taxonomic groups (birds, reptiles, plants, mammals and amphibians) and against the distribution of the wildland‐urban interface (WUI).ResultsTotal burned area from 2000 to 2020 was highest in shrubland ecosystems (38%), followed by conifer (36%), hardwood (17%) and grasslands (9%). In aggregate, ecosystems other than conifer make up the majority (64%) of the area burned in wildfires over the last 20 years. Fires most likely to impact endemic species, overlap areas of high species richness or burn within the WUI occurred predominantly in non‐conifer ecosystems.Main ConclusionsFires outside of forests have burned biodiverse areas critical to endemic species, but recent research and management in fire ecology continues to focus disproportionately on forests.Non‐conifer forested areas in California represent an important gap in fire research and management. As fire regimes shift dramatically in the state, other ecosystem types must be part of the wider conversation on fire management and policies to better protect people and biodiversity.
Meta‐heuristic optimization algorithm for predicting software defects
Authors: Elsabagh Mahmoud A. , Farhan Marwa S. , Gafar Mona G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoftware engineering companies strive to improve software quality by predicting software defects‐prone modules. Although various data mining methods have been developed, unstable accuracy rates are still critical issues owing to the imbalanced nature and high dimensionality of software defect datasets. To deal with this issue, we propose a spotted hyena, a novel meta‐heuristic optimization algorithm for predicting software defects. Support and confidence in classification rules are the basis of a multi‐objective fitness function that assists the spotted hyena algorithm in serving as a classifier by finding the fittest classification or standard rules among individuals. Experiments were conducted on four NASA software datasets, JM1, KC2, KC1, and PC3. The spotted hyena classifier provides an accuracy of 85.2, 84, 89.6, and 81.8%, respectively, for these datasets. These accuracy rates are better than those achieved using other popular data mining techniques. We also discuss other classification measures in connection with the experimental results, such as precision, recall, and confusion matrices, in connection with the experimental results. Moreover, the Gaussian mixture model is used to study the uncertainty quantification of the proposed classifier. The study proved the feasible performance of the spotted hyena classifier in four different case studies.
Reflections on our efforts to help mental health agencies become more “culturally competent”
Authors: McGoldrick Monica , Hines Paulette M. , Garcia Preto Nydia , Petry Sueli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper reflects on our decades‐long cultural training experiences, offering details on training efforts we made and considers in hindsight interventions we wish we had been able to implement. The paper describes what we think could be necessary for organizational training/consultation to facilitate the transformation of organizations in the direction of social justice and the delivery of efficient and effective services to a community. We reflect on organizational training to promote cultural competence and social justice. We encourage readers to take the broadest possible perspective on the larger systems issues that tend to undermine such efforts, so they can better achieve their goals for organizational change.