bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Bioinformatics and Machine Learning Algorithms Analyses Highlight Related Pathways and Genes Associated with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu Qidong , Sun Xiaoru , Xu Yaru , Fang Yiling , Cao Silu , Niu Bing , Li Cheng 
Published: December 2021

Background:The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still not fully studied.Objective:This study aimed to explore the differently expressed key genes in AD and build a predictive model of diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Gene expression data of the entorhinal cortex of AD, asymptomatic AD, and control samples from the GEO database were analyzed to explore the relevant pathways and key genes in the progression of AD. Differentially expressed genes between AD and the other two groups in the module were selected to identify biological mechanisms in AD through KEGG and PPI network analysis in Metascape. Furthermore, genes with a high connectivity degree by PPI network analysis were selected to build a predictive model using different machine learning algorithms. Besides, model performance was tested with five-fold cross-validation to select the best fitting model.Results:A total of 20 co-expression gene clusters were identified after the network was constructed. Module 1 (in black) and module 2 (in royal blue) were most positively and negatively correlated with AD, respectively. Total 565 genes in module 1 and 215 genes in module 2, respectively, overlapped in two differentially expressed genes lists. They were enriched in the G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, immune-related processes, and so on. 11 genes were screened by using lasso logistic regression, and they were considered to play an important role in predicting AD samples. The model built by the support vector machine algorithm with 11 genes showed the best performance.Conclusion:This result shed light on the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Smokers’ Likelihood to Engage With Information and Misinformation on Twitter About the Relative Harms of e-Cigarette Use: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Jessica , Wright Caroline , Williams Philippa , Elizarova Olga , Dahne Jennifer , Bian Jiang , Zhao Yunpeng , Tan Andy S L 
Published: December 2021

Background
Information and misinformation on the internet about e-cigarette harms may increase smokers’ misperceptions of e-cigarettes. There is limited research on smokers’ engagement with information and misinformation about e-cigarettes on social media.

Objective
This study assessed smokers’ likelihood to engage with—defined as replying, retweeting, liking, and sharing—tweets that contain information and misinformation and uncertainty about the harms of e-cigarettes.

Methods
We conducted a web-based randomized controlled trial among 2400 UK and US adult smokers who did not vape in the past 30 days. Participants were randomly assigned to view four tweets in one of four conditions: (1) e-cigarettes are as harmful or more harmful than smoking, (2) e-cigarettes are completely harmless, (3) uncertainty about e-cigarette harms, or (4) control (physical activity). The outcome measure was participants’ likelihood of engaging with tweets, which comprised the sum of whether they would reply, retweet, like, and share each tweet. We fitted Poisson regression models to predict the likelihood of engagement with tweets among 974 Twitter users and 1287 non-Twitter social media users, adjusting for covariates and stratified by UK and US participants.

Results
Among Twitter users, participants were more likely to engage with tweets in condition 1 (e-cigarettes are as harmful or more harmful than smoking) than in condition 2 (e-cigarettes are completely harmless). Among other social media users, participants were more likely to likely to engage with tweets in condition 1 than in conditions 2 and 3 (e-cigarettes are completely harmless and uncertainty about e-cigarette harms).

Conclusions
Tweets stating information and misinformation that e-cigarettes were as harmful or more harmful than smoking regular cigarettes may receive higher engagement than tweets indicating e-cigarettes were completely harmless.

Trial Registration
International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 16082420; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN16082420
Partisan Differences in Legislators’ Discussion of Vaccination on Twitter During the COVID-19 Era: Natural Language Processing Analysis
Authors: Engel-Rebitzer Eden , Stokes Daniel C , Meisel Zachary F , Purtle Jonathan , Doyle Rebecca , Buttenheim Alison M 
Published: December 2021

Background
The COVID-19 era has been characterized by the politicization of health-related topics. This is especially concerning given evidence that politicized discussion of vaccination may contribute to vaccine hesitancy. No research, however, has examined the content and politicization of legislator communication with the public about vaccination during the COVID-19 era.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine vaccine-related tweets produced by state and federal legislators during the COVID-19 era to (1) describe the content of vaccine-related tweets; (2) examine the differences in vaccine-related tweet content between Democrats and Republicans; and (3) quantify (and describe trends over time in) partisan differences in vaccine-related communication.

Methods
We abstracted all vaccine-related tweets produced by state and federal legislators between February 01, 2020, and December 11, 2020. We used latent Dirichlet allocation to define the tweet topics and used descriptive statistics to describe differences by party in the use of topics and changes in political polarization over time.

Results
We included 14,519 tweets generated by 1463 state legislators and 521 federal legislators. Republicans were more likely to use words (eg, “record time,” “launched,” and “innovation”) and topics (eg, Operation Warp Speed success) that were focused on the successful development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Democrats used a broader range of words (eg, “anti-vaxxers,” “flu,” and “free”) and topics (eg, vaccine prioritization, influenza, and antivaxxers) that were more aligned with public health messaging related to the vaccine. Polarization increased over most of the study period.

Conclusions
Republican and Democratic legislators used different language in their Twitter conversations about vaccination during the COVID-19 era, leading to increased political polarization of vaccine-related tweets. These communication patterns have the potential to contribute to vaccine hesitancy.
Археологические материалы из раскопок 1929–1937 гг. на территории Калмыкии (по фондам Саратовского областного музея краеведения)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kekeev Erdni A. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The history of archaeological studies on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia began with the 1929 archaeological-ethnographical expedition of the Saratov Oblast´ Museum of Local Studies. The expedition’s field work included archaeological probings and diggings. The aim of the present study is to do a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the archaeological collections of Saratov Museum recovered during archaeological excavations in the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast´ in the period between 1929 and 1937. Results. In general, the methodological level of the seexcavations directed by P. S. Rykov was quite good for the time they were conducted. The fact that most of the findings were accepted by the Museum immediately after the field season was closed maybe seen as the evidence of the professionalism of the team during the planning of the expedition and its actual work. Notably, practically all the results of the archaeological research (1929–1937) were published. The numbering of finds in the registration cards largely corresponds to that of the field report, which indicates that the field inventory was compiled in the process of field and laboratory work. In addition, some of the finds in the field inventory are listed as fragmented clay vessels, while in the Museum, they are recorded as whole items, which also indicates the methodological level of the work done.Conclusion. The collections in questionare a valuable source as far as the archaeology of the Volga-Manych steppes is concerned, because the physical material that they include is illustrative of the main types of archaeological sites recovered on the territory of modern Kalmykia, i. e. relating to settlement types (settlements, camps, selishcha) and burial types (burials under earth mounds and scattered burials). These collections feature items from allmajor eras: Eneolithic, Bronze, Early Iron, and Middle Ages.
Pelaksanaan Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Guru Sosiologi pada Masa New Normal Di SMA N 1 Pasaman
Authors: Selvi Fauzia Selvi Fauzia , Marleni Marleni , Wahyuni Yanti Sri 
Published: December 2021

This research was motivated by the Corona Virus Outbreak Pandemic (covid 19), Covid 19 was first reported in Indonesia on Monday 2 March 2020. This incident hampered all activities of human life from various sectors, especially in the field of education, namely teaching and learning activities. From the problems or phenomena found, of course there is a relationship and effort that must be made by sociology teachers to the implementation of the basic skills of teaching teachers with their students. The formulation of the research problem is how the basic skills of teaching sociology teachers in the new normal period at SMA N 1 Pasaman. The theory used in this research is the behavioristic theory proposed by B.F Skinner. This research approach is a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The types of data in this research are primary and secondary data. There were 8 informants in this study. Data collection methods used are observation, in-depth interviews and document studies. To achieve the validity of research data using triangulation techniques. Meanwhile, the unit of data analysis used was the individual with data analysis by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation, data presentation and conclusion drawing. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the implementation of the basic skills of teaching Sociology teachers in the New Normal period is very different from the pre-covid 19 period, all of which can be implemented. Based on the 5 skills that researchers observed, the implementation of these basic skills was not implemented in offline learning in the New Normal. Keywords: Basic Teaching Skill, Sociology Teacher, New Normal
How Does an Audit or a Forensic Perspective Influence Auditors' Fraud-Risk Assessment and Subsequent Risk Response?
Authors: Chui Lawrence , Curtis Mary B. , Pike Byron J. 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARY
This study examines whether priming auditors with a forensic perspective improves their fraud-risk assessments and subsequent audit-plan responses. We contribute to the literature by investigating a potential improvement in fraud detection that encourages auditors to take a forensic specialist's perspective, while retaining the audit tenets of efficiently identifying and responding to risk. We prime auditors with a forensic perspective and compare their fraud performance to unprimed auditors in both low- and high-risk contexts, finding primed auditors assess fraud-risk significantly higher in all fraud-risk environments. In a high-risk environment, primed auditors propose a more appropriate audit-plan response. Relevant to fraud detection, these audit-plan modifications were consistent with those determined by a panel of audit and forensic experts. They exhibit a sensitivity in the low-risk environment, whereby their risk response is similar with that of the unprimed auditors.
Data Availability: Data are available from the authors on request.
Income inequality in China 1952-2017: persistence and main determinants
Authors: Skare Marinko , Gil-Alana Luis A. , Claudio-Quiroga Gloria , Pržiklas Družeta Romina 
Published: December 2021

Research background: China's economic growth, however remarkable, is due to the Harrod-Domar nature of economic growth and, therefore, limited. The main limitation lies in the extension of the neoclassical growth model and the government need to decrease regional disparities using new migration, urbanization and social policy.
Purpose of the article: It is the rising regional disparity in the total factor productivity to cause the income inequality increase (measured by GINI index) in China from 1952?2017. Our paper brings new insight into the main inequality determinants and causes in China, using a fractional integration modeling framework.
Methods: Using fractional integration, we find total factor productivity (TFP), real gross domestic product per capita and growth and expenditures for the social safety net and employment effort to have a statistically significant impact on GINI. Income inequality in China is of a persistent nature with the effects of the shocks affecting the GINI index enduring over time.
Findings & value added: The results of this study highlight the importance for model/policy changes by the policy makers and practitioners in China to deal with the inequality issue. This involves improving the growth model through innovation and technological advancement, relaxing TFP dependence on the physical inputs (labor and capital) to reduce income inequality.
La construcción de muros y blindaje de fronteras de la Unión Europea ante la crisis de los refugiados*
Authors: Uceda Yela Mercedes 
Published: December 2021

En los últimos tiempos se han producido numerosas llegadas a la Unión Europea en búsqueda de refugio, especialmente en el año 2015 cuando comienza una crisis humanitaria sin precedentes y las solicitudes de protección internacional en la UE superan más de un millón.
Ante la llegada masiva de solicitantes de protección a la UE, se apuesta por la creación de instrumentos normativos destinados al control y bloqueo de las fronteras. Como ejemplo de esta ineficaz protección de los derechos de los refugiados podemos mencionar la creación del Acuerdo de Turquía-UE de 2016, actualmente derogado, que debía de actuar como Estado-tapón impidiendo alcanzar territorio de la UE. A pesar de la normativa existente en materia de refugio y del reciente Nuevo Pacto sobre Migración y Asilo de 23 de septiembre de 2020, determinadas tendencias sociales y políticas olvidan de forma reiterada la obligación internacional de garantizar los derechos de los refugiados. Por ello, es necesario un análisis en profundidad sobre la aplicación de políticas restrictivas que apuestan por un blindaje de fronteras centradas en el control y seguridad y que vulneran los principios de la Convención sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados de 1951.
EL TEDH: de instrumento facilitador del proceso integrador europeo a fiscalizador de la propia Unión Europea
Authors: Martínez Rompeltien Salvador 
Published: December 2021

El TEDH ha desempeñado un papel clave en la integración europea y en la propia evolución de la Unión Europea. Ambas formas de integración, en base a los derechos y la más propia de las originarias Comunidades, se encuentran en plena convergencia.
Ahora con mayor necesidad si cabe, es preciso culminar el mandato de adhesión de la Unión Europa al Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos.
La previsible asunción de mayores cuotas de poder de la Unión exige que la labor del TEDH, con respecto a la misma, pase a ser de fiscalización directa y no, como hasta ahora, de forma indirecta, a través de sus Estados miembros
Application of mathematical probabilistic statistical model of base – FFCA financial data processing
Authors: Li Zhengqing , Mu Jiliang , Basheri Mohammed , Hasan Hafnida 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the detection and filtering ability for financial data, a data-filtering method based on mathematical probability statistical model, a descriptive statistical analysis model of big data filtering, probability density characteristic statistical design data filtering analysis combined with fuzzy mathematical reasoning, regression analysis according to probability density of financial data distribution, and threshold test and threshold judgment are conducted to realize data filtering. The test results show that the big data filtering and the reliability and convergence of the mathematical model are optimal.
Institutional investor company social responsibility report and company performance
Authors: Li Yonghui , Zhao Shide , Bai Lipeng , Ali Basel Jamal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the Chinese stock market, the rate of institutional holder and the company social responsibility report level are comparatively lower than those in the Western market. Historical research studies showed that there exist some connections between these two factors and company performance. This article uses the method of empirical analysis based on data during 3 years to try to find out the result.
Mathematical analysis of China's birth rate and research on the urgency of deepening the reform of art education
Authors: Hu Guo , Chen Hao , Kateb Faris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
To understand the reasons for the decline in the birth rate of our country, the effects of the decline in the birth rate and the countermeasures needed to reduce the birth rate, as well as the urgency of the reform of education, especially art education.

Methods
Using a mathematical statistical analysis method, the decline of the birth rate in our country was statistically analysed, and the influence of education, especially art education, was discussed.

Results
The results show that the birth rate of China's population decreased significantly, that is, from 36% in 1949 to 23.3% in 1987 and from 12.95% in 2016 to 10.8% at present. This has a significant impact on the manpower of all walks of life. Students at all levels and all kinds of schools have brought about a greater impact. Higher education, especially art education, has a greater impact.

Conclusions
In the face of the decline in the birth rate, corresponding countermeasures must be taken to strengthen the development of maternal and child health care and medical resources. In-depth reform or correction of the current compulsory education must be assessed in order to relieve the worries of women who have given birth so that the birth rate increases within the framework of a reasonable, normal span of time and demonstrates smooth development. In order to ensure that China has sufficient human resources and enough students at all levels and all kinds of schools, the reform of art education is deepened, thus facilitating training of the talents of world-class masters.
A Scoping Review on Intergenerational Learning in Urban China
Authors: Yuan Yanyue , Wu Linhui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
The ageing world gives rise to changing family structures, as well as the way different generations interact with each other. While research on intergenerational relationships and intergenerational learning have started as early as in the 1960s and 1970s in North America and Europe, little is known about scholarly discussions in this field in China.

Purpose:
This paper presents an overview of the published journal articles in Chinese on the topic of intergenerational learning in urban China, with the goal of identifying the common themes under discussion, the theoretical frameworks adopted in these studies, and empirical research in this field.

Methods:
A scoping review was conducted to look for relevant journal papers published in Chinese between the years 2006-2020. We identified 117 journal papers that fit our criteria and a majority of them were found by using the key words gedai jiaoyu (education in skip-generation situations).

Conclusion:
The overall quality of the published research is poor in that most authors only provided personal observations and opinions. Almost all studies set their focus on grandparenting and emphasis is often placed on how grandparenting affects young children’s growth, with little attention given to its influences on grandparents. Research on intergenerational interactions beyond family settings is almost non-existent. A number of recommendations for future studies are offered at the end of the article.
The underground city: the tourism potential of water and sewage infrastructure: the example of Poland
Authors: Dębczyńska Klaudia , Piasecki Adam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Industrial tourism and technical facilities are a fast-growing branch of tourism that contains areas of great growth potential. The article deals with one of them. The tourist potential of water and sewage infrastructure in selected Polish cities was analysed and assessed. The study covered 11 cities of diverse socioeconomic potentials around the country. For each city, data were collected that had various levels of detail with regard to visitor numbers, tourist types, facilities made available, events and other special celebrations. For supplementary data, unstructured interviews were also conducted with relevant employees identified in businesses.
The analysis showed the studied form of tourism to have very high tourism potential. The work focuses on factors and features accounting for its currently low level of development. It is also emphasised that, based on current tourism trends, it should be expected to continue to grow rapidly in the coming years, and thus warrants further research.
Artificial Neural Network-Based Gain-Scheduled State Feedback Speed Controller for Synchronous Reluctance Motor
Authors: Tarczewski Tomasz , Niewiara Łukasz J. , Grzesiak Lech M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on designing a gain-scheduled (G-S) state feedback controller (SFC) for synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) speed control with non-linear inductance characteristics. The augmented model of the drive with additional state variables is introduced to assure precise control of selected state variables (i.e. angular speed and d-axis current). Optimal, non-constant coefficients of the controller are calculated using a linear-quadratic optimisation method. Non-constant coefficients are approximated using an artificial neural network (ANN) to assure superior accuracy and relatively low usage of resources during implementation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time when ANN-based gain-scheduled state feedback controller (G-S SFC) is applied for speed control of SynRM. Based on numerous simulation tests, including a comparison with a signum-based SFC, it is shown that the proposed solution assures good dynamical behaviour of SynRM drive and robustness against q-axis inductance, the moment of inertia and viscous friction fluctuations.