bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which eye are you looking through? The impact of cognitive bias on process safety
Authors: Kerin Trish 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBias surrounds us every day. Everything we look at has a lens of our experience coloring our perception, and everyone has their own lens. This impacts how we share and receive information. So why is this important for process safety? Cognitive biases cover a range of aspects, each of which can have an impact on process safety, from what we remember, to coping with too much information, to a lack of context and meaning or a need to act with great haste. There are many identified specific cognitive biases, not every one of them impacts on process safety, but many can and have. This paper will review several process safety type incidents that had cognitive bias as a factor and discuss ideas on how to manage the bias, so we do not fall into its trap.
Application of the Cox proportional hazards model and competing risks models to critical illness insurance data
Authors: Zapletal David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA commercial insurance company in the Czech Republic provided data on critical illness insurance. The survival analysis was used to study the influence of the gender of an insured person, the age at which the person entered into an insurance contract, and the region where the insured person lived on the occurrence of an insured event. The main goal of the research was to investigate whether the influence of explanatory variables is estimated differently when two different approaches of analysis are used. The two approaches used were (1) the Cox proportional hazard model that does not assign a specific cause, such as a certain diagnosis, to a critical illness insured event and (2) the competing risks models. Regression models related to these approaches were estimated by R software. The results, which are discussed and compared in the paper, show that insurance companies might benefit from offering policies that consider specific diagnoses as the cause of insured events. They also show that in addition to age, the gender of the client plays a key role in the occurrence of such insured events.
Synthesis, structural characterization and antimycobacterial evaluation of several halogenated non-nitro benzothiazinones
Authors: Madikizela Balungile , Eckhardt Tamira , Goddard Richard , Richter Adrian , Lins Anika , Lehmann Christoph , Imming Peter , Seidel Rüdiger W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract8-Nitro-1,3-benzothiazin-4-ones (BTZs), with BTZ043 and PBTZ169 as the most advanced compounds, represent a new class of potent antitubercular agents, which irreversibly inhibit decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose-2′-epimerase (DprE1), an enzyme crucial for cell wall synthesis in the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Synthesis, structural characterization and in vitro testing against Mycobacterium aurum DSM 43999 and M. tuberculosis H37Rv of halogenated 2-(4-ethoxycarbonylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3-benzothiazin-4-ones lacking a nitro group are reported. X-ray crystallography reveals that the structure of the BTZ scaffold can significantly deviate from planarity. In contrast to recent reports, the results of the present study indicate that further investigation of halogenated non-nitro BTZs for antitubercular activity is less than a promising approach.
Lokales Wirbelsäulenprofil nach operativer Behandlung thorakolumbaler und lumbaler Frakturen
Authors: Ullrich Bernhard Wilhelm , Ottich Merle , Lawson McLean Aaron , Mendel Thomas , Hofmann Gunther Olaf , Schenk Philipp 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ziel der Operation von Wirbelsäulenverletzungen ist eine stabile Ausheilung in physiologischer Stellung. Für offene und perkutane Operationen stehen unterschiedliche Techniken zur Verfügung.

Fragestellung
Das Ausmaß der offenen Reposition und das Retentionspotenzial der Techniken nach AOSpine (AT) und nach Kluger (KT) sollen verglichen werden. Der Einfluss von Frakturmorphologie, Alter, Geschlecht und Knochenqualität auf Reposition und Retention werden untersucht.

Material und Methoden
In dieser monozentrischen retrospektiven Kohortenstudie wurden Daten von Patienten mit traumatischen thorakolumbalen und lumbalen Frakturen untersucht, welche entweder mit AT oder KT reponiert wurden. Mittels bisegmentalen Grund-Deckplatten-Winkels (bGDW) wurde die Stellung des verletzten Wirbelsäulenabschnitts beschrieben. Normalwerte für die bGDW wurden anhand von Literaturdaten angenommen. Die Veränderung des bGDW im zeitlichen Verlauf wurde unter Einbeziehung der Knochenqualität in Hounsfield Units (HU), der Verletzungsschwere nach AOSpine und des Patientenalters und -geschlechts analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 151 Datensätze ausgewertet. Beide Methoden reponieren vom Umfang nicht unterschiedlich (AT 10 ± 6°, KT 11 ± 8°; p = 0,786). Im Follow-up trat ein Korrekturverlust von −5 ± 4° auf. Die Technik (p = 0,998) hatte keinen Einfluss darauf. Die Frakturmorphologie zeigte einen knapp signifikanten Einfluss (p = 0,043). Niedrige HU korrelierten mit geringerem Repositionsumfang (r = 0,241, p < 0,003) und größerem Korrekturverlust (r = 0,272, p < 0,001) signifikant, aber schwach. In der Altersgruppe 50 bis 65 Jahre wiesen 21 % der Männer und 43 % der Frauen eine Knochenqualität von HU < 110 auf. Alter und HU korrelieren signifikant (r = −0,701, p < 0,001).

Diskussion
Die Techniken sind gleichwertig bezüglich der Repositions- und Retentionseigenschaften. Der hohe Anteil von Patienten mit HU < 110 in der Gruppe unter 65 Jahren bei Frauen und Männern und der Einfluss auf Reposition und Retention weisen auf die Notwendigkeit einer präoperativen Knochendichtemessung hin.
A Sobolev-Type Inequality for the Curl Operator and Ground States for the Curl–Curl Equation with Critical Sobolev Exponent
Authors: Mederski Jarosław , Szulkin Andrzej 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLet $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^3$$

Ω
⊂

R

3

be a Lipschitz domain and let $$S_\mathrm {curl}(\Omega )$$

S
curl

(
Ω
)

be the largest constant such that $$\begin{aligned} \int _{\mathbb {R}^3}|\nabla \times u|^2\, \mathrm{d}x\ge S_{\mathrm {curl}}(\Omega ) \inf _{\begin{array}{c} w\in W_0^6(\mathrm {curl};\mathbb {R}^3)\\ \nabla \times w=0 \end{array}}\Big (\int _{\mathbb {R}^3}|u+w|^6\,\mathrm{d}x\Big )^{\frac{1}{3}} \end{aligned}$$

∫

R

3

|
∇
×
u
|

2

d
x
≥

S
curl

(
Ω
)

inf

w
∈

W
0
6

(
curl
;

R

3

)

∇
×
w
=
0

(

∫

R

3

|
u
+
w
|

6

d
x

)

1
3

for any u in $$W_0^6(\mathrm {curl};\Omega )\subset W_0^6(\mathrm {curl};\mathbb {R}^3)$$

W
0
6

(
curl
;
Ω
)

⊂

W
0
6

(
curl
;

R

3

)

, where $$W_0^6(\mathrm {curl};\Omega )$$

W
0
6

(
curl
;
Ω
)

is the closure of $$\mathcal {C}_0^{\infty }(\Omega ,\mathbb {R}^3)$$

C
0
∞

(
Ω
,

R

3

)

in $$\{u\in L^6(\Omega ,\mathbb {R}^3): \nabla \times u\in L^2(\Omega ,\mathbb {R}^3)\}$$

{
u
∈

L
6

(
Ω
,

R

3

)

:
∇
×
u
∈

L
2

(
Ω
,

R

3

)

}

with respect to the norm $$(|u|_6^2+|\nabla \times u|_2^2)^{1/2}$$

(
|
u
|

6
2

+
|
∇
×
u
|

2
2

)

1
/
2

. We show that $$S_{\mathrm {curl}}(\Omega )$$

S
curl

(
Ω
)

is strictly larger than the classical Sobolev constant S in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

. Moreover, $$S_{\mathrm {curl}}(\Omega )$$

S
curl

(
Ω
)

is independent of $$\Omega $$
Ω
and is attained by a ground state solution to the curl–curl problem $$\begin{aligned} \nabla \times (\nabla \times u) = |u|^4u \end{aligned}$$

∇
×

(
∇
×
u
)

=

|
u
|

4

u

if $$\Omega =\mathbb {R}^3$$

Ω
=

R

3

. With the aid of these results we also investigate ground states of the Brezis–Nirenberg-type problem for the curl–curl operator in a bounded domain $$\Omega $$
Ω
$$\begin{aligned} \nabla \times (\nabla \times u) +\lambda u = |u|^4u\quad \hbox {in }\Omega , \end{aligned}$$

∇
×

(
∇
×
u
)

+
λ
u
=

|
u
|

4

u

in

Ω
,

with the so-called metallic boundary condition $$\nu \times u=0$$

ν
×
u
=
0

on $$\partial \Omega $$

∂
Ω

, where $$\nu $$
ν
is the exterior normal to $$\partial \Omega $$

∂
Ω

.
Maturation of the Na,K-ATPase in the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Health and Disease
Authors: Kryvenko Vitalii , Vagin Olga , Dada Laura A. , Sznajder Jacob I. , Vadász István 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Na,K-ATPase establishes the electrochemical gradient of cells by driving an active exchange of Na+and K+ions while consuming ATP. The minimal functional transporter consists of a catalytic α-subunit and a β-subunit with chaperon activity. The Na,K-ATPase also functions as a cell adhesion molecule and participates in various intracellular signaling pathways. The maturation and trafficking of the Na,K-ATPase include co- and post-translational processing of the enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus and subsequent delivery to the plasma membrane (PM). The ER folding of the enzyme is considered as the rate-limiting step in the membrane delivery of the protein. It has been demonstrated that only assembled Na,K-ATPase α:β-complexes may exit the organelle, whereas unassembled, misfolded or unfolded subunits are retained in the ER and are subsequently degraded. Loss of function of the Na,K-ATPase has been associated with lung, heart, kidney and neurological disorders. Recently, it has been shown that ER dysfunction, in particular, alterations in the homeostasis of the organelle, as well as impaired ER-resident chaperone activity may impede folding of Na,K-ATPase subunits, thus decreasing the abundance and function of the enzyme at the PM. Here, we summarize our current understanding on maturation and subsequent processing of the Na,K-ATPase in the ER under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.Graphic Abstract
Potentially Avertable Child Mortality Associated with Surgical Workforce Scale‐up in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Global Study
Authors: Truche Paul , Botelho Fabio , Bowder Alexis N. , Levis Alexander W. , Greenberg Sarah L. M. , Smith Emily , Corlew Scott , Bickler Stephen , Rice Henry E. , Ameh Emmanuel A. , Meara John G. , Poenaru Dan , Mooney David P. ,   the Global Initiative for Children's Surgery
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundExpansion of access to surgical care can improve health outcomes, although the impact that scale‐up of the surgical workforce will have on child mortality is poorly defined. In this study, we estimate the number of child deaths potentially avertable by increasing the surgical workforce globally to meet targets proposed by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery.MethodsTo estimate the number of deaths potentially avertable through increases in the surgical workforce, we used log‐linear regression to model the association between surgeon, anesthetist and obstetrician workforce (SAO) density and surgically amenable under‐5 mortality rate (U5MR), infant mortality rate (IMR), and neonatal mortality rate (NMR) for 192 countries adjusting for potential confounders of childhood mortality, including the non‐surgical workforce (physicians, nurses/midwives, community health workers), gross national income per capita, poverty rate, female literacy rate, health expenditure per capita, percentage of urban population, number of surgical operations, and hospital bed density. Surgically amenable mortality was determined using mortality estimates from the UN Inter‐agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation adjusted by the proportion of deaths in each country due to communicable causes unlikely to be amenable to surgical care. Estimates of mortality reduction due to upscaling surgical care to support the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) minimum target of 20–40 SAO/100,000 were calculated accounting for potential increases in surgical volume associated with surgical workforce expansion.ResultsIncreasing SAO workforce density was independently associated with lower surgically amenable U5MR as well as NMR (p < 0.01 for each model). When accounting for concomitant increases in surgical volume, scale‐up of the surgical workforce to 20–40 SAO/100,000 could potentially prevent between 262,709 (95% CI 229,643–295,434) and 519,629 (465,046–573,919) under 5 deaths annually. The majority (61%) of deaths averted would be neonatal deaths.ConclusionScale up of surgical workforce may substantially decrease childhood mortality rates around the world. Our analysis suggests that scale‐up of surgical delivery through increase in the SAO workforce could prevent over 500,000 children from dying before the age of 5 annually. This would represent significant progress toward meeting global child mortality reduction targets.
Anthropogenic activities are associated with shorter telomeres in chicks of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae)
Authors: Caccavo Jilda Alicia , Raclot Thierry , Poupart Timothée , Ropert-Coudert Yan , Angelier Frédéric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDefining the impact of anthropogenic stressors on Antarctic wildlife is an active aim for investigators. Telomeres represent a promising molecular tool to investigate the fitness of wild populations, as their length may predict longevity and survival. We examined the relationship between telomere length and human exposure in Adélie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae) from East Antarctica. Telomere length was compared between chicks from areas with sustained human activity and on neighboring protected islands with little or no human presence. Adélie penguin chicks from sites exposed to human activity had significantly shorter telomeres than chicks from unexposed sites in nearby protected areas, with exposed chicks having on average 3.5% shorter telomeres than unexposed chicks. While sampling limitations preclude our ability to draw more sweeping conclusions at this time, our analysis nonetheless provides important insights into measures of colony vulnerability. More data are needed both to understand the proximate causes (e.g., stress, feeding events) leading to shorter telomeres in chicks from human exposed areas, as well as the fitness consequences of reduced telomere length. We suggest to further test the use of telomere length analysis as an eco-indicator of stress in wildlife among anthropized sites throughout Antarctica.
Kurt Jellinger 90: his contribution to neuroimmunology
Authors: Dal-Bianco Assunta , Höftberger Romana , Lassmann Hans , Berger Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis review honors Kurt Jellinger on his 90th birthday as one of the most outstanding neuropathologists, who has contributed immensely to neuroscience due to his vast experience and collection of excellently documented autopsy cases. Two of his many insightful reports are highlighted here. One report focuses on the pathogenesis of inflammatory demyelinating diseases and investigates the neuropathology in autopsy tissue of a patient, who developed an MS-like disease after repeated treatment with lyophilized bovine brain cells in 1958. More than 60 years later, after reinvestigation of the historic samples in 2015 and subsequent mRNA isolation, next generation sequencing and reconstruction of the antibody, we succeeded in identifying myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) as the target antigen and provided the missing element between the pathomechanisms in classic EAE animal models and transfer of this disease process into humans. A second significant example of Kurt Jellinger’s contribution to neuroscience was a report on the role of MS in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which found that AD pathology is present to the same extent in demyelinated and non-demyelinated cortical areas in MS and the incidence for AD pathology in elderly MS patients is comparable to the normal-aging population. This indicates that chronic inflammation in the MS cortex alone does not significantly predispose to the development of cortical AD pathology. These and other findings were only possible due to the broad collection of extremely well-defined material established by Kurt Jellinger, which ultimately continues to contribute to translational neuroscience, even decades later.
Spin Labeling of Surface Cysteines Using a Bromoacrylaldehyde Spin Label
Authors: Heaven Graham , Hollas Michael A. , Tabernero Lydia , Fielding Alistair J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStructural investigations of proteins and their biological complexes are now frequently complemented by distance constraints between spin labeled cysteines generated using double electron–electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy, via site directed spin labeling (SDSL). Methanethiosulfonate spin label (MTSSL), has become ubiquitous in the SDSL of proteins, however, has limitations owing to its high number of rotamers, and reducibility. In this article we introduce the use of bromoacrylaldehyde spin label (BASL) as a cysteine spin label, demonstrating an advantage over MTSSL due to its increased selectivity for surface cysteines, eliminating the need to ‘knock out’ superfluous cysteine residues. Applied to the multidomain protein, His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP), we show that BASL can be easily added in excess with selective labeling, whereas MTSSL causes protein precipitation. Furthermore, using DEER, we were able to measure a single cysteine pair distance in a three cysteine domain within HD-PTP. The label has a further advantage of comprising a sulfide in a three-bond tether, making it a candidate for protein binding and in-cell studies.
Quantifying activities of daily living impairment in Parkinson’s disease using the Functional Activities Questionnaire
Authors: Becker Sara , Pauly Claire , Lawton Michael , Hipp Geraldine , Bowring Francesca , Sulzer Patricia , Hu Michele , Krüger Rejko , Gasser Thomas , Liepelt-Scarfone Inga 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
Cognitive-driven activity of daily living (ADL) impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is increasingly discussed as prodromal marker for dementia. Diagnostic properties of assessments for this specific ADL impairment are sparsely investigated in PD. The ability of the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) for differentiating between PD patients with normal cognition and with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), according to informant and self-reports, was examined. Global cognitive function in groups with and without mild ADL impairment was compared according to different cut-offs.

Methods
Multicenter data of 589 patients of an international cohort (CENTRE-PD) were analyzed. Analyses were run separately for informant-rated and self-rated FAQ. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to define the optimal FAQ cut-off for PD-MCI (≥ 1), and groups were additionally split according to reported FAQ cut-offs for PD-MCI in the literature (≥ 3, ≥ 5). Binary logistic regressions examined the effect of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score in PD patients with and without mild ADL impairment.

Results
Two hundred and twenty-five (38.2%) patients were classified as PD-MCI. For all three cut-off values, sensitivity was moderate to low (< 0.55), but specificity was moderately high (> 0.54) with a tendency of higher values for self-reported deficits. For the self-report, the cut-off ≥ 3 showed a significant effect of the MoCA (B =  − 0.31, p = 0.003), where FAQ ≥ 3 patients had worse cognition. No effect for group differences based on informant ratings was detected.

Conclusion
Our data argue that self-reported ADL impairments assessed by the FAQ show a relation to the severity of cognitive impairment in PD.
Socioeconomic disparities in climate vulnerability: neonatal mortality in northern Sweden, 1880–1950
Authors: Karlsson Lena , Junkka Johan , Schumann Barbara , Lundevaller Erling Häggström 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse the association between season of birth, temperature and neonatal mortality according to socioeconomic status in northern Sweden from 1880 to 1950. The source material for this study comprised digitised parish records combined with local weather data. The association between temperature, seasonality, socioeconomic status and neonatal mortality was modelled using survival analysis. We can summarise our findings according to three time periods. During the first period (1880–1899), temperature and seasonality had the greatest association with high neonatal mortality, and the socioeconomic differences in vulnerability were small. The second period (1900–1929) was associated with a decline in seasonal and temperature-related vulnerabilities among all socioeconomic groups. For the last period (1930–1950), a new regime evolved with rapidly declining neonatal mortality rates involving class-specific temperature vulnerabilities, and there was a particular effect of high temperature among workers. We conclude that the effect of season of birth on neonatal mortality was declining for all socioeconomic groups (1880–1950), whereas weather vulnerability was pronounced either when the socioeconomic disparities in neonatal mortality were large (1880–1899) or during transformations from high to low neonatal rates in the course of industrialisation and urbanisation.
Shaken and Stirred: When Bond Meets Suess–de Vries and Gnevyshev–Ohl
Authors: Stefani F. , Stepanov R. , Weier T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe argue that the most prominent temporal features of the solar dynamo, in particular the Hale cycle, the Suess–de Vries cycle (associated with variations of the Gnevyshev–Ohl rule), Gleissberg-type cycles, and grand minima can all be explained by combined synchronization with the 11.07-year periodic tidal forcing of the Venus–Earth–Jupiter system and the (mainly) 19.86-year periodic motion of the Sun around the barycenter of the solar system. We present model simulations where grand minima, and clusters thereof, emerge as intermittent and non-periodic events on millennial time scales, very similar to the series of Bond events which were observed throughout the Holocene and the last glacial period. If confirmed, such an intermittent transition to chaos would prevent any long-term prediction of solar activity, notwithstanding the fact that the shorter-term Hale and Suess–de Vries cycles are clocked by planetary motion.
Game of Cruxes: co-designing a game for scientists and stakeholders for identifying joint problems
Authors: Salliou Nicolas , Bruley Enora , Moreau Clémence , Luthe Tobias , Blanco Victor , Lavorel Sandra , Grêt-Regamey Adrienne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScientists increasingly cross their disciplinary boundaries and connect with local stakeholders to jointly solve complex problems. Working with stakeholders means higher legitimacy and supports practical impact of research. Games provide a tool to achieve such transdisciplinary collaboration. In this paper, we explore the use of a game in a participatory project where scientists and local stakeholders are seeking and defining a joint problem. The literature is clear that this step is essential but remains short on concrete methods. Here, we explore this potential in practice. We conducted parallel participatory processes in two alpine regions considered as socio-ecological system (SES) in Switzerland and France, both vulnerable to global change. Based on these two case studies, we co-constructed a game, integrating scientific concerns about key land use, climate change and socio-economic elements of a mountain SES (tourism, agriculture, housing and demography). With the game, we assessed the existence of joint problems connecting scientific and local interests. The game successfully engaged participants at both sites over 11 game sessions, showing potential of use in other transdisciplinary settings. By covering a wide array of issues, the game created a discussion space for listing problems and identifying where scientist and stakeholder interests overlap. In Switzerland, the game revealed no pressing joint problem to be addressed. In France, game sessions revealed, among other problems, an enduring and complex issue regarding the co-existence of inhabitants and powerful institutions. Having demonstrated the capacity of this game for joint-problem assessment, we believe other participatory research in similar SES could benefit from an early use of such an approach to frame the potential for collaboration.