bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
College students’ in Jamaica opinion about older adults and their role as future caregivers: Case Example
Authors: McKenzie Sharon , Latibeaudiere Sandra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ageing is a natural human experience, yet for many people getting old provoke fears of vulnerability, fragility, undesirability, and incapacity. Such perceptions are often attributed to various taboos, prejudices, discrimination and stereotype associated with old age. The purpose of this study was to assess college students’ in Jamaica opinion about older adults and their role as future caregivers. Specifically, the study sought to: (1) identify whether college students hold ageist stereotype/negative image about older adults and whether they influence future role as caregiver, 2) assess their knowledge of the chronic conditions that affect older adults, and 3) assess whether they see themselves working or taking an active role in future caregiving. As we think about the future directions of healthcare provision for older adults, this small sample of college students provided a discourse about ageing and key elements that are important for educators in a developing country such as Jamaica to consider when building a gerontology curriculum.
Predicting Students’ Interest in Aging-Related Careers: Suggestions for Pedagogical Intervention
Authors: Liou Chih-ling 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
College students often hold negative attitudes toward elders and rank this area of practice at the bottom of their future professional life; colleges and universities have an important role to play in changing attitudes and attracting more professionals to work with older adults. This study examined factors contributing to students’ attitudes toward older adults to provide suggestions for pedagogical intervention. Data was collected from 195 undergraduates participating in an online survey with questions on the quality of relationships with a grandparent and other nonfamilial older adults, previous experience and future interest in pursuing a career in an aging-related field, and The Fabroni Scale of Ageism (Fabroni et al., 2010). Path analyses using hierarchical multiple regression revealed that high quality relationships with older adults (i.e., both grandparents and nonfamilial elders) was associated with less negative attitudes and more interest in pursuing a future career in age-related jobs/internships. Although both types of relationship quality were significant in the model (p&lt;.05), path coefficients demonstrated that relationships with nonfamilial elders have a greater impact on participants’ attitudes (β= -.250, p=.001 versus β= -.146, p=.045). Previous working/internship experiences with older adults also predicted a greater willingness to pursue a future career in an aging-related field (β= .333, p&lt;.001). Findings suggest that colleges could increase students’ interest in pursuing aging-related careers with multiple interventions, such as developing opportunities to interact and build relationships with older adults in the community, updating information on job opportunities, pay scales, and advancement opportunities, and providing more gerontological course or modules.
What Do Introduction to Psychology Textbooks Have to Say About Older Adults?
Authors: Hancock Zoe , Wynn Matthew , Carpenter Brian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction to Psychology is one of the most popular undergraduate courses, an entry course for psychology majors and also popular with students from other disciplines. Consequently, the content in introductory psychology textbooks has the potential to influence undergraduates’ knowledge, attitudes, and interests, including those related to aging. The purpose of this study was to analyze aging-related content in introductory psychology textbooks to understand the topics to which students are exposed in this important course. We analyzed the indices of 21 best-selling Introduction to Psychology textbooks for both advanced and intermediate audiences, published between 2018 and 2020. We extracted and aggregated 275 unique, aging-specific index terms from the textbooks and analyzed their relative frequency. We identified 61 superordinate index terms corresponding to general terms (e.g., “aging,” “death”). The indices also included 214 unique subordinate terms that were more specific (e.g., “aging, and cognition”). Across textbooks, the most frequent topics reflected negative consequences of aging (e.g., “Alzheimer disease” = appeared in 100% of textbooks, “death” in 52%). In contrast, positive aspects of aging appeared less often (e.g., “generativity” in 47%, “longevity” in 10%). Terms describing career opportunities were rare (e.g., “gerontology” in 5%, “geropsychology” in 5%), as were modern theories (e.g., “socioemotional selectivity theory” in 28%). Advocacy for comprehensive and balanced representation of aging in introductory psychology textbooks is critical for educating students and promoting interest in the field.
Shining a Light Inside the “Black Box” of NIH Application Submission and Review
Authors: Ortenberg Elia , Bynum Shalanda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
What happens to applications after they are submitted to the National Institutes of Health, and how can you better prepare yourself and your application for the process of peer review? The Center for Scientific Review (CSR) works closely with the 24 funding institutes and centers at the National Institutes of Health that provide funding support for projects of high scientific merit and high potential impact. CSR conducts the first level of review for the majority of grant applications submitted to the NIH, which includes 90% of R01s, 85% of Fellowships, and 95% of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) applications as well as many other research and training opportunity activities. In this capacity, CSR helps to identify the most meritorious projects, cutting-edge research, and future scientists who will advance the mission of the NIH: to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability. The purpose of this project is to provide an overview of 1) what happens to NIH applications before, during, and after peer review at CSR; 2) a summary of new and current peer review policies and practices that impact investigators and their submitted applications; and 3) strategies for developing a strong NIH grant application. Peer review is the cornerstone of the NIH grant supporting process, and an insider’s view can shine a light inside the “Black Box” of how the most meritorious projects are identified.
Older Men's Participation in Cognitive Training: A Review.
Authors: González Estela , Requena Carmen , Alvarez Paula 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Cognitive training for healthy older adults living in a community is an essential resource that allows them to live at home for as long as possible. Objective: The purpose of the review is to examine the degree of participation of males and females in longitudinal studies of cognitive training. Moreover, we want to identify if these studies include the gender variable in their analyzes or reflect on its importance. Method: This review considered longitudinal cognitive training studies were published in English and Spanish and conducted with healthy older adults living in a community. Results: The Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study (in English) and the Memoria Mejor (MM) Longitudinal Study (in Spanish), both illustrate the trend of sex/gender treatment of the studies reviewed: a) high participation of older people seventy and more years b) recruiting stratified by age and sex; c) males are disproportionately underrepresented in cognitive training studies [24% - 14%]; d) the evaluation measures (baseline, follow-up, and final) and dropout data are provided but not stratified by age and sex/gender. Conclusions: Researchers demonstrate awareness about the impact of sex/gender differences but do not focus on it. Understanding sex/gender differences are necessary for understanding not only that these differences occur, but also why they occur; this will allow policies or intervention programs with approaches that are more equitable for both sexes/genders to be formulated.
Effect of Exchange Through Kendo on the Image of the elderly of Junior High School Kendo Club Members
Authors: Matsumoto Daisuke , Uchida Hayato 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study targeted junior high school kendo club members who have practice experience with elderly kendo practitioners and examined the image of the elderly and the related factors that intergenerational exchange through kendo brings to the junior high school members. Kendo is one of the traditional Japanese martial arts. The subjects in this research were 193 players who practiced with the elderly kendo practitioners in Osaka prefecture. As a result of factor analysis to clarify the structure of the image, the "evaluation" factor and the "activity / competence" factor were extracted as in the previous research, and it was suggested that the junior high school players generally had positive image regarding the elderly practitioners. As a result of logistic regression analysis to clarify the factors related to the high/ low scores in the image of elderly kendo practitioners, "evaluation" factor showed a significant relationship between "intimacy with elderly practitioners" and "empathic interest", and "activity / competence" factor indicated a significant relationship between "gender" and "intimacy with elderly kendo practitioners." Although it is pointed out that the traditional style of kendo and the image of elderly kendo practitioners have a negative impact on children, it may be possible to control these factors through an appropriate guidance and approach depending on the children's stage of growth .
Characteristics of Financial Exploitation in a Sample of Israeli Older Adults
Authors: Weissberger Gali , Han S Duke , Shrira Amit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Financial exploitation (FE) negatively affects wellbeing in older adulthood. However, characteristics of FE and its health correlates remain poorly understood. In this study, 138 Israeli older adults answered questions regarding FE history, and completed physical and mental health questionnaires. Of 138 participants, 23 reported a history of FE. FE participants were older (M birth year = 1950.35; sd = 9.65) than non-FE participants (M birth year = 1953.79; sd = 6.06; p = 0.028) and reported lower household income (p=0.001). Groups did not differ in education level or sex breakdown. The FE group reported older subjective age (p = 0.022), worse subjective cognition (p = 0.007), more depressive symptoms (p=0.002), and marginally higher anxiety symptoms (p = 0.099) than the non-FE group. Groups did not differ in reported levels of social support or number of medical conditions. When covarying for age, differences between groups in subjective cognition and depressive symptoms remained significant (ps ≤0.022), while subjective age differences became marginal (p = 0.07). The FE group responded to follow-up questions regarding FE experiences. Reported perpetrators included companies/businesses (most commonly reported, 30%), strangers, friends/neighbors, service providers, and family. Eleven reported losing 100 NIS to 10,000 NIS, and 10 reported losing 10,001 to over 100,000 NIS. Additionally, six FE participants reported that the FE is ongoing, and two reported additional FE experiences. Findings suggest that FE is related to mental and physical health of older adults. Findings also provide preliminary information regarding characteristics of FE in a sample of Israeli older adults.
The psychological health consequences of elder abuse and neglect in sheltered homes
Authors: Alraddadi Khulood 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Psychological health effects of elder abuse and neglect in sheltered homes are unknown. Objectives:The objective of the present study was to determine if several types of elder abuse were related to an increased likelihood of negative psychological health. Methods: Data were derived from the elder mistreatment in sheltered homes project, a cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 that included 446 older adults living in 43 sheltered homes.A face-to-face interview was carried out to complete structured questionnaires for participants to assess the psychological health effects of different subtypes of elder abuse. Results:All subtypes of elder abuse were significantly associated with increased prevalence rates of depressive symptoms and sleep problems. Similarly, all subtypes except physical abuse were associated with higher rates of anxiety symptoms. In multivariate regression analysis, Older adults who reported physical mistreatment were three times more likely to experience suicidal ideation(OR=3.28, 95% CI=1.14 to 9.44), while no other subtypes were significantly associated with suicidal ideation.Older adults who report at least one type of abuse were eight times more likely to have depressive symptoms (OR=7.99, 95% CI=4.43 to 14.41), twice as likely to screen positive for anxiety symptoms(OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.20 to 3.49), three times more likely to have sleep problems (OR=3.20, 95% (CI=1.78 to 5.75). All subtypes of abuse were significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and anxiety symptoms except physical mistreatment. Conclusion: Abuse is common among older adults living in sheltered homes and is associated with negative impacts on psychological health.
Childhood Exposure to Family Violence and Later-Life Sibling Relationships
Authors: Kong Jooyoung , Goldberg Jaime 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There has been a growth in research examining the long-term effects of childhood adversity on later life outcomes; however, only a few studies have examined the impact that childhood adversity has on sibling relationships in late adulthood. To address this gap in the literature, the current study examines the latent class structure of childhood exposure to family violence and investigates whether a latent class membership is associated with aspects of later-life sibling relationships, including geographical proximity, frequency of contact, perceived closeness, similarity in outlook, and exchange of support. Using data from 3,921 adult participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study and the Bolck, Croon, and Hagenaars (BCH) approach of latent class analysis (LCA), we identified five latent classes (prevalence rate noted): “Never experienced violence (75%),” “experienced sibling violence (7%),” “experienced parental abuse & witnessed domestic violence (4%),” “experienced father’s abuse & witnessed domestic violence (10%),” “experienced mother’s abuse & witnessed domestic violence (5%)”. Childhood exposure to family violence was a significant predictor of later-life sibling relationships. Specifically, adults who experienced sibling violence and their mother’s and/or father’s abuse in childhood showed significantly lower perceived closeness and similarity in outlook with their siblings in adulthood than those who did not experience violence. Our findings suggest that childhood exposure to family violence may have a long-term negative impact on the emotional aspect of sibling relationships. Future research may explore how the impact of childhood adversity on sibling relationships affects other aspects of adult lives, such as individual well-being or caregiving for aging parents.
Patient Portal Use Near the End-of-Life
Authors: Portz Jennifer , Powers John David , Baldwin Megan , Bekelman David , Casillas Alejandra , Kutner Jean , Bayliss Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Use of patient portals, personal health information websites linked to electronic health records, in seriously ill populations is unknown, as is use by caregivers. We described portal use patterns among adults with serious illness nearing end-of-life and their caregivers within Kaiser Permanente Colorado. Inclusion criteria were: 1) seriously ill patients (defined by KP’s “Care Group”), □18 years of age, who were registered for the portal, and died between 1/1/2016-6/30/2019; and 2) caregivers of these patients, □18 years of age, registered for a proxy account. Data included user characteristics and portal use metrics summarized monthly over the 12-month period prior to death. Models included an unadjusted linear trend of the days used by month using a generalized estimating equation Poisson model with a log link and an autoregressive correlation structure of order 1. We identified 6,517 seriously ill patients with portal registrations; 163 of these patients had proxy caregivers. Patient users were 77 years old, mostly frail and White, and caregivers were predominantly female. Average days of use among patients was 42.4 days and &lt;1 day among their caregivers. Number of days used significantly increased by 0.7% per month from twelve months to one month prior to death (95% CI: 0.4%-1.0%; p-value &lt;.0001) and peaked 3 months prior to the patient’s death. Average use was high in comparison to previous portal research and suggests that as the patient approaches death portal use increases. Future research should explore how portals may serve as indicators for identifying and addressing end-of-life care needs.
Predictors of ACP competency among Chaplains by Service Line
Authors: Cho Soyeon , Kwak Jung , Hughes Brian , Hands George , Lee Moon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Healthcare chaplains have key roles in palliative care including facilitating advance care planning (ACP). However, little is known about chaplains’ competency in ACP. We conducted an online survey with board-certified healthcare chaplains recruited from three major professional chaplains’ organizations. We explored correlates of chaplains’ competency in ACP facilitation among two groups of chaplains, general and special care (SC) chaplains (chaplains in oncology, intensive care, or palliative units) because SC chaplains are generally more involved in palliative care. The final sample included 481 chaplains with 89.8% reporting ACP as an important part of their work and 71.3% reporting to help patients complete advance directives. There was no significant difference in ACP competency between general chaplain group (n=240; M=39.61, SD=7.0) and SC chaplain group (n=241; M=40.65, SD=5.87). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed differences between the groups. General chaplains who practiced longer as a chaplain (b=1.02, p&lt;.000), were more engaged in ACP facilitation (b=1.06, p&lt;.05), had more positive attitude toward ACP (b=4.04, p&lt;.000), and reported a higher level of participation in shared decision-making with other team members (b=.75, p&lt;.000) were more competent in ACP facilitation. In the SC chaplain group, higher competency was associated with more positive attitude towards ACP (b=2.58, p &lt;.05), and a higher level of participation in shared decision-making (b=1.05, p &lt;.000). Overall, these findings suggest that healthcare chaplains, both general and special care, are competent and actively involved in ACP facilitation. Further systematic studies are warranted to examine the effects of chaplains facilitating ACP on patient and healthcare system outcomes.
Till Death Do Us Part?: Exploring the Influence of Deceased Romantic Partners on the Lives of Older Women
Authors: Hackett Sara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recent research integrating the hierarchical mapping technique (HMT) and the continuing bonds framework has suggested that deceased individuals may be influential social convoy members. Building off this pilot work, the current qualitative descriptive study focused on how older women viewed the role of a longstanding deceased romantic partner in their current social network. Twenty women (Mean age = 78 years), recruited via social media and snowball sampling, participated in one 90-minute semi-structured interview. Each discussed their bereavement journey and completed a HMT diagram to comment on their social network and the presence or absence of the deceased within it. Nineteen participants described the deceased as being an active member of their convoy. Interestingly, 15 women placed them within the innermost circle of the diagram, separate from their other network members. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts expanded upon the HMT diagram exercise to reveal five major themes: “We’re part of each other,” “I think he supports me,” “He would want me to be happy,” “I just feel so grateful,” and “I think about him every day but I don’t talk about him every day". Perceptions that deceased romantic partners continue to play a key role in participants' lives offers researchers and practitioners with a unique opportunity to examine how losses are experienced and carried into old age. Further, this study may assist with the development of interventions that help support bereaved individuals, specifically, interventions that focus on destigmatizing continuing bond expressions and provide assistance with communicating memorialization preferences.
Decreasing Barriers to Care: Voices of Riders, Drivers, and Staff of a Rural Transportation Program
Authors: Schwartz Abby , Richman Alice , Scott Mallary , Liu Haiyong , White Weyling , Doherty Caroline 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Eastern North Carolina (eNC) is a rural, poor, and underserved region of the state with 1 in 5 adults living below the poverty level. Residents experience health disparities driven by limited access to healthcare and inequitable distribution of social determinants of health. Project TRIP (Transporting Residents with Innovative Practices) is a potential solution to barriers in accessing care in eNC. Results presented include the first phase of a multi-phase study evaluating and replicating TRIP’s effectiveness. Data from qualitative interviews with TRIP riders, drivers, and staff (e.g., case managers) will be presented (n= 20). As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, interviews were conducted by telephone with the goal of understanding both strengths and weaknesses of the transportation program from riders, drivers, and staff to gain a holistic understanding of TRIP. Of the riders interviewed, the majority (91%) were age 50 and over and African American. Themes that emerged from the data that highlighted strengths of the program included: improved health outcomes, no wait times for pick up or drop offs, cost free, and accommodating service. Themes related to areas of weaknesses or improvement included: needing more transportation vendors and a dedicated TRIP case manager and scheduling concerns. The presentation will conclude with considerations in translating the findings into a pilot and expansion of TRIP in another eNC county (study phases 2 & 3), and how the data can inform the development of transportation interventions in other states, with the goal of increasing access to healthcare for vulnerable rural populations.