bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The optimization of hydrothermal synthesis of MnxCo3‐xO4/GC catalyst for low temperature NH3‐SCR /using design of experiments
Authors: Ko Songjin , Tang Xiaolong , Gao Fengyu , Zhou Yuansong , Zhang Runcao , Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Hengheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, a new catalyst for low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3‐SCR) were prepared by using glucose and discussed optimization of the synthetic conditions of MnxCo3−xO4/GC (glucose carbon) catalysts by using the design of the experiments. A response surface methodology (RSM) combined with the central composite design (CCD) was applied to model and optimize the synthetic conditions.RESULTSAs a result, the optimum NOx conversion of 95.6% and N2 selectivity of 81.8% were obtained at Mn/Co 2.1, urea/(Mn + Co) mole ratio 11.5, glucose/(Mn + Co) mole ratio 8.9, preparation temperature 175.4 , and calcination temperature 376.3 . The SEM (Scanning electron microscope) image and EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) analysis showed that metal oxides of Mn and Co were uniformly accumulated on the carbon microsphere surface. XRD (X‐ray diffraction) patterns showed that CoCo2O4 content in the catalyst increased with the increase of the glucose/(Mn + Co) mole ratio, which reduced the interaction between Mn and Co, and played a negative impact on catalytic performance. FTIR (Fourier‐transform infrared) spectra showed that the catalyst surface in the optimum preparation conditions had more oxygen‐containing functional groups and that the excessive glucose carbon was unfavourable to catalytic performance. For urea/(Mn + Co), as urea/(Mn + Co) decreased, in addition to the decrease in Mn and Co content in the catalyst due to the decrease in precipitant, CoCo2O4 content in the catalyst also increased and oxygen‐containing functional groups decreased, both of which resulted in the decrease of the catalytic performance.CONCLUSIONThe H2‐TPR and NH3‐TPD results demonstrated that the catalyst prepared in the optimum conditions possessed a stronger reducing ability, more acid sites, and stronger acid strength than the other. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the devitalized aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica: From laboratory to field conditions
Authors: Carrieri Vittoria , Fernández José Ángel , Aboal Jesús Ramón , Picariello Enrica , De Nicola Flavia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work aims to test the feasibility of a Fontinalis antipyretica devitalized moss clone to uptake and accumulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from surface waters. To assess the capability of the devitalized clone to accumulate PAHs, in the laboratory, moss was placed in water and spiked with increasing concentrations of 16 PAHs, and under field conditions, the moss was transplanted to 22 sites of Galicia (Spain) rivers. In general, PAH concentrations in water samples were lower than the maximum allowable concentrations from Directive 2013/39/EU, so the sampling sites did not show water PAH contamination. The exponential accumulation kinetic in the laboratory trial highlights a good capability of the devitalized moss clone to accumulate total PAHs. In field experiments, the hydrogeological conditions and the low emission sources caused low concentrations of PAHs in the water system and, consequently, in the transplants, although an enrichment can be observed for several PAHs. Overall, the devitalized clone of F. antipyretica can uptake and accumulate PAHs in water and may be useful in bioremediation strategies.
Perception and handling of breastmilk by childcare staff: A qualitative study of childcare facilities in Japan
Authors: Yabe Chizuru , Yasugi Shiho , Musha Yukiko , Takemura Yousuke C. , Son Daisuke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreastfeeding in infancy has immunological and nutritional benefits. The actual status of breastfeeding in childcare facilities is unclear. However, it is expected to vary in every facility and region. This study aimed to explore what the staff of childcare facilities perceive of breastfeeding and how they feel about handling breast milk.MethodsThe study was conducted from May 2012 to September 2015. A list of childcare facilities in three cities in Japan was compiled. A questionnaire was sent to the facilities by mail asking whether or not they provided breastfeeding care and whether or not they would participate in the study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with the staff members of childcare facilities that consented to the study. The transcribed text was analyzed by thematic analysis.ResultsOf the 211 facilities sent, 55 responded, and 21 of these facilities were implementing breastfeeding. Interviews were conducted at four facilities for those who agreed to be interviewed. The researchers extracted three categories of breastfeeding factors at childcare facilities: the value that caregivers see in breastfeeding, difficulties associated with breastfeeding in childcare facilities, and devices and elements for breastfeeding by childcare facilities. Although facility staff acknowledged the nutritional and psychosocial benefits of breast milk, they also felt the administrative difficulties and mental burden of handling expressed breast milk.ConclusionThis study revealed that for the childcare facility staff, breastfeeding was positioned as a means of communication and reassurance to the mother, and the immunological and nutritional benefits of breast milk.
A single‐center comparative analysis of outpatients with and without COVID‐19 in Sapporo, Japan
Authors: Shimamura Yoshinosuke , Masuda Kaihei , Anbo Yoshiyasu , Sugaya Fumiko , Furuta Yasushi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the demographic, clinical, and epidemiological statistics of Japanese patients attending a designated outpatient clinic for COVID‐19 in Sapporo, Japan, and contrast the clinical and epidemiological features between those with and without mild COVID‐19. A total of 27 (8.6%) of 315 patients were diagnosed with COVID‐19. They had higher proportions of myalgia, direct contact with a confirmed COVID‐19 patient, and attendance of social gatherings in close confines. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it provides a clinical picture of mild COVID‐19 in the Japanese population, which has not been studied extensively. It can also assist in optimizing the local preventive measures to reduce the transmission of COVID‐19.
Utility of dedicated bougie dilator for a 0.018‐inch guidewire during EUS‐guided biliary drainage: A multi‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Iwashita Takuji , Ogura Takeshi , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Nakai Yousuke , Iwata Keisuke , Mukai Tsuyoshi , Shimizu Masahito , Isayama Hiroyuki , Yasuda Ichiro , Itoi Takao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring endoscopic ultrasound‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD), a combination of a 19‐gauge needle and a 0.025‐inch guidewire is generally used. However, a 19‐gauge needle has poor maneuverability because of their stiffness and rigidity and might have poor penetrability in non‐dilated bile ducts because of their large bore. In contrast, the application of a 22‐gauge needle is expected to have improved maneuverability. However, only a 0.018‐inch guidewire, which has less supportability, is applicable in the subsequent guidewire selection. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a dedicated bougie dilator for a 0.018‐inch guidewire.MethodsFrom September 2019 to May 2020, 26 patients underwent fistula dilation using the dilator after accessing the bile duct using a 22‐gauge needle and a 0.018‐inch guidewire during EUS‐BD. The success and adverse event rates of EUS‐BD were evaluated.ResultsBiliary access with a combination of a 22‐gauge needle and a 0.018‐inch guidewire was successful in all with a median bile duct diameter of 5 mm. Dilation of the fistula using the dedicated dilator was also successful in all cases. Subsequently, the dilator was successfully exchanged to an ERCP catheter that allowed for exchange to a 0.025‐inch guidewire, except in one case where the catheter did not cross the fistula and a dilation balloon was inserted for an exchange to a 0.025‐inch guidewire. The technical success rate of the EUS‐BD was 100%. The adverse event rate was 19%.ConclusionThe application of the dedicated dilator for a 0.018‐inch guidewire was considered feasible and safe for EUS‐BD.
Development of the nervous system in the early hatching larvae of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
Authors: Norekian Tigran P. , Moroz Leonid L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCtenophores are descendants of an early branching basal metazoan lineage, which may have evolved neurons and muscles independently from other animals. Mnemiopsis is one of the important reference ctenophore species. However, little is known about its neuromuscular organization. Here, we mapped and tracked the development of the neural and muscular elements in the early hatching cydippid larvae, as well as adult Mnemiopsis leidyi. The overall development of the neuromuscular system in Mnemiopsis was very similar to Pleurobrachia bachei, although in Mnemiopsis the entire process occurred significantly faster. The subepithelial neural cells were observed immediately after hatching. This population consisted of a dozen of separated individual neurons with short neurites. In about 2 days, when their neurites grew significantly longer and connected to their neighbors, they began to form a canonical polygonal subepithelial network. Mesogleal neural elements prominent in all studied adult ctenophores were not detectable in Mnemiopsis larvae but were clearly labeled in closely related Lobata species Bolinopsis infundibulum. Hatched larvae also had putative mechanoreceptors with long stereocilia and approximately two dozen muscle cells. In adult Mnemiopsis, the feeding lobes and auricles contained two distinct populations of neurons and neural ensembles that were not observed in other ctenophore lineages and likely represented elaborate neuronal innovations characteristic for the clade Lobata and their lifestyles.
Dexamethasone treatment may mitigate adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency in hospitalized Covid‐19 patients
Authors: Wenban Charlotte , Heer Randeep S. , Baktash Vadir , Kandiah Pirabakaran , Katsanouli Theodora , Pandey Asmita , Goindoo Ryan , Ajaz Afiyah , Van den Abbeele Koenraad , Mandal Amit K. J. , Missouris Constantinos G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsWe have previously demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency might be associated with worse outcomes in hospitalized Covid‐19 patients. The aim of our study was to explore this relationship with dexamethasone therapy.MethodsWe prospectively studied two cohorts of hospitalized Covid‐19 patients between March and April and between September and December 2020 (n = 192). Patients were tested for serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OH‐D) levels during admission. The first cohort not treated with dexamethasone (n = 107) was divided into vitamin D deficient (25‐OH‐D ≤ 30 nmol/L) (n = 47) and replete subgroups (25‐OH‐D > 30 nmol/L) (n = 60). The second cohort treated with dexamethasone (n = 85) was similarly divided into deficient (25‐OH‐D ≤ 30 nmol/L) (n = 27) and replete subgroups (25‐OH‐D > 30 nmol/L) (n = 58). Primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality and secondary outcomes were elevation in markers of cytokine storm and ventilatory requirement.ResultsNo mortality difference was identified between cohorts and subgroups. The “no dexamethasone” cohort 25‐OH‐D deplete subgroup recorded significantly higher peak D‐Dimer levels (1874 vs. 1233 µgFEU/L) (p = 0.0309), CRP (177 vs. 107.5) (p = 0.0055), and ventilatory support requirement (25.5% vs. 6.67%) (p = 0.007) compared to the replete subgroup. Among the 25‐OH‐D deplete subgroup higher peak neutrophil counts, peak CRP, peak LDH, peak ferritin, and lower trough lymphocyte counts were observed, without statistical significance. In the “dexamethasone” cohort, there was no apparent association between 25‐OH‐D deficiency and markers of cytokine storm or ventilatory requirement.Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with elevated markers of cytokine storm and higher ventilatory requirements in hospitalized Covid‐19 patients. Dexamethasone treatment appears to mitigate adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency.
Association of atrial fibrillation and various cancer subtypes
Authors: Zubair Khan Muhammad , Gupta Ashwani , Patel Kirtenkumar , Abraham Aida , Franklin Sona , Kim Do young , Patel Krunalkumar , Hussian Ishtiaq , Zarak Muhammad Samsoor , Figueredo Vincent , Kutalek Steven 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in cancer is most likely due to the presence of inflammatory markers. The purpose of our study is to determine the association of AF with different cancer subtypes and its impact on in‐hospital outcomes.MethodsData were obtained from the National Inpatient Sample database between 2005 and 2015. Patients with various cancers and AF were studied. ICD‐9‐CM codes were utilized to verify variables. Patients were divided into three age groups: Group 1 (age < 65 years), Group 2 (age 65‐80 years), and Group 3 (age > 80 years). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson chi‐square and binary logistic regression analysis to determine the association of individual cancers with AF.ResultsThe prevalence of AF was 14.6% among total study patients (n = 46 030 380). After adjusting for confounding variables through multivariate regression analysis, AF showed significant association in Group 1 with lung cancer (odds ratio, OR = 1.92), multiple myeloma (OR = 1.59), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (OR = 1.55), respiratory cancer (OR = 1.55), prostate cancer (OR = 1.20), leukemia (OR = 1.12), and Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR = 1.03). In Group 2, the association of AF with multiple myeloma (1.21), lung cancer (OR = 1.15), Hodgkin lymphoma (OR = 1.15), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (OR = 1.12), respiratory cancer (OR = 1.08), prostate cancer (OR = 1.06), leukemia (OR = 1.14), and colon cancer (OR = 1.01) were significant. In Group 3, AF showed significant association with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (OR = 1.06), prostate (OR = 1.03), leukemia (OR = 1.03), Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR = 1.02), multiple myeloma (OR = 1.01), colon cancer (OR = 1.01), and breast cancer (OR = 1.01). The highest mortality was found in lung cancer in age <80 and prostate cancer in age >80.ConclusionIn patients age <80 years, AF has significant association with lung cancer and multiple myeloma, whereas in patients age >80 years, it has significant association with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and prostate cancer. In patients age <80 years, increased mortality was seen in AF with lung cancer and in patients age >80 years, increased mortality was seen in those with AF and prostate cancer.Twitter AbstractIn age <80, lung cancer and multiple myeloma have a strong association with AF while thyroid and pancreatic cancers have no association with AF at any age. In age greater than 80, NHL and prostate cancer have a significant association with AF.
The 2018 classification of periodontal diseases: Its predictive value for tooth loss
Authors: El Sayed Nihad , Rahim‐Wöstefeld Sonja , Stocker Florian , Behnisch Rouven , Eickholz Peter , Pretzl Bernadette 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPredictive models and assessment tools for disease susceptibility and progression are necessary to enhance personalized medicine. The aim of this study is to assess the predictive accuracy of using the 2018 classification to predict likelihood of tooth loss.MethodsA total of 134 patients were screened 10 years after periodontal therapy. Data were extracted from 82 patients’ records and periodontal diagnoses were assigned according to the 1999 and 2018 classifications at baseline, whereas patient‐ and tooth‐related parameters were documented at baseline and at reexamination. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, hurdle regression with a zero and count model as well as logistic regression.ResultsSignificantly more teeth were lost during SPT in patients with Stage IV or Grade C (P < 0.05). Patients’ adherence seems to have an impact on the predictability of the 2018 classification (P < 0.001). In comparison, neither classification system alone (1999 vs 2018) showed a high predictive value for tooth loss (area under the curve [AUC] = 59.2% vs 58.2%).ConclusionClass III and IV/Grade C of the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases show similar predictive accuracy for tooth loss as severe cases in the former classification. Patients adherence seems to influence the prognostic value of the classification.
Corticosteroid‐associated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression in brain tumours: a focus on dosing and tapering
Authors: Elnoby Ahmed S. , Nassar Hend S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBrain tumours are among the most challenging malignancies to treat. The majority of brain tumours are associated with perifocal oedemas and disturbances in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. Glucocorticoids (GC) are the mainstay supportive therapy for a variety of disorders associated with brain tumours such as vasogenic oedema, intracranial pressure, headache, and vomiting. In contrast, prolonged exposure to GC has been associated with suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Moreover, abrupt tapering and sudden stopping of GC therapy are the most common causes of HPA axis suppression leading to secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI). Furthermore, a variety of well‐established dynamic tests have been used to diagnose and assess the integrity of the HPA axis, such as the insulin tolerance test, the metyrapone stimulation test and the adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test. Hydrocortisone replacement is the recommended therapy for SAI as it provides the physiological circadian cortisol rhythm. In the context of brain tumours, limited evidence exists to guide clinical practice regarding the optimal dosing of GC with regard to side effects, duration of therapy, withdrawal regimen or quality of life. In this review, we summarise the current status of HPA axis suppression and the SAI associated with GC therapy in brain tumours.
Development of a standardized histopathology scoring system using machine learning algorithms for intervertebral disc degeneration in the mouse model—An ORS spine section initiative
Authors: Melgoza Itzel Paola , Chenna Srish S. , Tessier Steven , Zhang Yejia , Tang Simon Y. , Ohnishi Takashi , Novais Emanuel José , Kerr Geoffrey J. , Mohanty Sarthak , Tam Vivian , Chan Wilson C. W. , Zhou Chao‐Ming , Zhang Ying , Leung Victor Y. , Brice Angela K. , Séguin Cheryle A. , Chan Danny , Vo Nam , Risbud Makarand V. , Dahia Chitra L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMice have been increasingly used as preclinical model to elucidate mechanisms and test therapeutics for treating intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Several intervertebral disc (IVD) histological scoring systems have been proposed, but none exists that reliably quantitate mouse disc pathologies. Here, we report a new robust quantitative mouse IVD histopathological scoring system developed by building consensus from the spine community analyses of previous scoring systems and features noted on different mouse models of IDD. The new scoring system analyzes 14 key histopathological features from nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF), endplate (EP), and AF/NP/EP interface regions. Each feature is categorized and scored; hence, the weight for quantifying the disc histopathology is equally distributed and not driven by only a few features. We tested the new histopathological scoring criteria using images of lumbar and coccygeal discs from different IDD models of both sexes, including genetic, needle‐punctured, static compressive models, and natural aging mice spanning neonatal to old age stages. Moreover, disc sections from common histological preparation techniques and stains including H&E, SafraninO/Fast green, and FAST were analyzed to enable better cross‐study comparisons. Fleiss's multi‐rater agreement test shows significant agreement by both experienced and novice multiple raters for all 14 features on several mouse models and sections prepared using various histological techniques. The sensitivity and specificity of the new scoring system was validated using artificial intelligence and supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural networks, k‐means clustering, and principal component analysis. Finally, we applied the new scoring system on established disc degeneration models and demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of histopathological scoring changes. Overall, the new histopathological scoring system offers the ability to quantify histological changes in mouse models of disc degeneration and regeneration with high sensitivity and specificity.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Olfactory Neuroblastoma: MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Abdelmeguid Ahmed S. , Bell Diana , Roberts Diana , Ferrarotto Renata , Phan Jack , Su Shirley Y. , Kupferman Michael , Raza Shaan , DeMonte Franco , Hanna Ehab 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisOlfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare sinonasal malignant neoplasm that is known to develop late recurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of patients with ONB and to determine the factors associated with prognosis.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsA retrospective review of the medical records of 139 patients diagnosed with ONB at MD Anderson Cancer Center was performed between 1991 and 2016. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and Kaplan–Meier curves were utilized to assess survival.ResultsMedian follow‐up time was 75 months. Overall, 129 patients (92.8%) had surgery as part of their treatment and 82 (58.9%) patients received postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Endoscopic approaches were utilized for 72 patients, 69.4% of whom had pure endoscopic endonasal approaches. Five‐year overall survival and disease‐specific survival were 85.6% and 93.4%, respectively. Recurrence rate was 39.6% with a median time to recurrence of 42 months. Among the 31 patients who received elective nodal irradiation (ENI), two patients developed neck recurrence (6.4%) compared with 20 who developed neck recurrence when ENI was omitted (34.4%) (P = .003). Advanced Kadish stage, orbital invasion, intracranial invasion, and presence of cervical lymphadenopathy at the time of presentation were significantly associated with poor survival.ConclusionONB has an excellent survival. Surgical resection with PORT when indicated is the mainstay of treatment. Endoscopic approaches can be used as a good tool. Elective neck irradiation reduces the risk of nodal recurrence among patients with clinically N0 neck. Despite the excellent survival, recurrence rate remains high and delayed, highlighting the need for long‐term surveillance.Level of EvidenceLevel 4 Laryngoscope, 132:290–297, 2022