bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring dyadic management of nutrition care throughout and beyond head and neck cancer treatment
Authors: Hiatt Joanne , Young Adrienne , Brown Teresa , Banks Merrilyn , Bauer Judith 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo identify how patients and carers collaborate to manage nutrition care throughout and beyond head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment as a step towards identifying changes to service delivery that are inclusive of the needs of the patient–carer dyad.BackgroundResearch in the field of dyadic interventions in cancer care is emerging, and there has been little work exploring patient–carer dyad needs in the provision of nutrition care in HNC.DesignA qualitative study design was used.MethodsNarrative interviews were completed with 13 patients and 15 carers over a 12‐month period (prior to treatment commencing, and 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months post‐treatment completion). Deductive analysis of interview transcripts was performed using directed content analysis guided by the Theory of Dyadic Illness Management (TDIM). COREQ guidelines were used.ResultsSeven themes across four TDIM constructs were identified: (1) understanding and adapting to physical challenges impacting nutrition intake, (2) adjusting to emotional impact of changes to eating and drinking, (3) providing practical support, (4) intrapersonal characteristics, (5) interpersonal characteristics, (6) healthcare culture and (7) managing carer burnout.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of healthcare professionals recognising the patient and carer dyad as a team to enhance engagement in nutrition care and to ensure that their physical and psychological support needs across the cancer continuum are met.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is important that healthcare professionals understand information and support needs and preferences within patient–carer dyads prior to HNC treatment commencing and adapt care and interventions based on their changing needs throughout and beyond the treatment period.
Dental access and expenditures for adults with intellectual and other disabilities
Authors: Fosse Chelsea , Luo Huabin , Laniado Nadia , Okunseri Christopher , Badner Victor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesIndividuals with disabilities experience greater barriers accessing health care services and have poorer oral health outcomes than those without disabilities. The aims of this study were to examine dental access, utilization, expenditures, and sources of payment between adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), other types of disabilities, and without disabilities.MethodsSecondary analyses of data from the 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) allowed examination of dental access (being able to get dental care and receiving necessary dental care without delay), dental utilization (having a dental visit in the past year), total dental expenditures, and associated sources of payment between three groups of adults based on disability status using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable statistics.ResultsAdults with ID have 2.70 (95% CI: 2.03, 3.61) times the odds of being unable to get dental care and 2.88 (95% CI: 2.11, 3.94) times the odds of having to delay necessary dental care compared with adults without disabilities. No significant differences were observed in dental utilization or mean total dental expenditure between the three groups after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic variables. Among adults who incurred a dental expenditure, adults with ID had a greater share of dental care paid for by Medicaid, and adults without disabilities had a greater share of dental care paid for by private insurance.ConclusionsDespite similar mean total dental expenditures, reduced dental access reported by adults with ID suggests that this population experiences significantly greater challenges obtaining dental care. Adults with ID rely more heavily on Medicaid to finance dental care.
Effects of the “Care for Participation+” Intervention on the Participation of Adults With Visual and Severe or Profound Intellectual Disabilities: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hanzen Gineke , Waninge Aly , van Nispen Ruth M. A. , Vlaskamp Carla , van der Putten Annette A. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe “Care for Participation+” (CFP+) intervention was developed in order to change the attitudes of direct support professionals (DSPs) regarding the participation of adults with visual and severe or profound ID (VSPID).AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CFP+ on the participation of the target group.MethodsWe performed a pilot nonrandomized controlled trial with three arms. The effect of CFP+ on participation was compared to a usual care control group (n = 13), and a control group in which one element of CFP+ was implemented (n = 14). Participation was measured using specific domains of the Quality Of Life of People with Profound Multiple Disabilities (QOL‐PMD) questionnaire that was completed by the legal representatives and DSPs of adults with VSPID, and video‐observations of (initiatives for prompting) active involvement within 10 dyads comprising adults with VSPID and DSPs.FindingsThe effects of CFP+ on the QOL‐PMD were very small and not statistically significant. Qualitative analyses showed that in the CFP+ group, active involvement in activities of adults with VSPID and number of DSPs' initiatives to stimulate active involvement exceeded those within the two control groups.DiscussionCFP+ has positive effects on the active involvement of individuals with VSPID and on DSPs' initiatives to enhance this involvement. The unexpected small effects of CFP+ on the participation of these adults could be explained by several factors such as small sample size, ceiling effects, response shift, changes in the control group, and implementation barriers. Accordingly, the most effective elements of CFP+ could be further developed and investigated in combination with an improved implementation strategy.
Low total abundances and a predominance of n‐ω‐amino acids in enstatite chondrites: Implications for thermal stability of amino acids in the inner solar system
Authors: Simkus Danielle N. , Aponte José C. , Elsila Jamie E. , McLain Hannah L. , Parker Eric T. , Dworkin Jason P. , Glavin Daniel P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvestigating the organic contents of enstatite chondrite meteorites may offer insights into both early inner solar system and early Earth chemistry. Enstatite chondrite meteorites have highly reduced and anhydrous compositions, and their bulk isotopic compositions closely resemble terrestrial values, suggesting that their parent body asteroids accreted within the inner protoplanetary disk and were a primary contributor during Earth’s late accretion (Javoy, 1995; Piani et al., 2020). Here, we present the first report of amino acids in enstatite chondrite meteorite samples. Three EH3 meteorites were analyzed (Dominion Range [DOM] 14021, Larkman Nunatak [LAR] 12001, and Larkman Nunatak 06252). The acid‐hydrolyzed water extracts of the meteorites contained low abundances (1.5–215.9 pmol g−1) of n‐ω‐amino acids (glycine, β‐alanine, γ‐amino‐n‐butyric acid [γ‐ABA], δ‐amino‐n‐valeric acid [δ‐AVA], and ε‐amino‐n‐caproic acid [ε‐ACA]), but amino acids were not present above detection limits in the nonhydrolyzed samples. The low amino acid abundances and the predominance of n‐ω‐amino acids resemble amino acid distributions previously observed for thermally altered chondrites. These results suggest that the parent body asteroid was not conducive to the synthesis and/or preservation of α‐amino acids, or free amino acids in general, and that EH3 chondrite‐like material may not have been a primary contributor of diverse or abundant free amino acids to the early Earth.
Recent speciation and hybridization in Icelandic deep‐sea isopods: An integrative approach using genomics and proteomics
Authors: Paulus Eva , Brix Saskia , Siebert Annabelle , Martínez Arbizu Pedro , Rossel Sven , Peters Janna , Svavarsson Jörundur , Schwentner Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe crustacean marine isopod species Haploniscus bicuspis (Sars, 1877) shows circum‐Icelandic distribution in a wide range of environmental conditions and along well‐known geographic barriers, such as the Greenland‐Iceland‐Faroe (GIF) Ridge. We wanted to explore population genetics, phylogeography and cryptic speciation as well as investigate whether previously described, but unaccepted subspecies have any merit. Using the same set of specimens, we combined mitochondrial COI sequences, thousands of nuclear loci (ddRAD), and proteomic profiles, plus selected morphological characters using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Five divergent genetic lineages were identified by COI and ddRAD, two south and three north of the GIF Ridge. Assignment of populations to the three northern lineages varied and detailed analyses revealed hybridization and gene flow between them, suggesting a single northern species with a complex phylogeographic history. No apparent hybridization was observed among lineages south of the GIF Ridge, inferring the existence of two more species. Differences in proteomic profiles between the three putative species were minimal, implying an ongoing or recent speciation process. Population differentiation was high, even among closely associated populations, and higher in mitochondrial COI than nuclear ddRAD loci. Gene flow is apparently male‐biased, leading to hybrid zones and instances of complete exchange of the local nuclear genome through immigrating males. This study did not confirm the existence of subspecies defined by male characters, which probably instead refer to different male developmental stages.
Detecting supraventricular tachycardia with smartwatches facilitates the decision for catheter ablation: A case series
Authors: Wu Shang‐Ju , Li Cheng‐Hung , Lin Jiunn‐Cherng , Weng Chi‐Jen , Lin Wei‐Wen , Hsieh Yu‐Cheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSmartwatch allows easy detection of arrhythmia. Such an approach is widely used for detecting atrial fibrillation. However, there has been no consensus on the diagnostic power of smartwatch‐detected supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). We reported three patients of SVT presenting with infrequent palpitations. Their SVTs were not documented with single‐lead or standard ECG in hospital before, but only recorded by the single‐lead ECG on smartwatches. Electrophysiological studies confirmed the mechanisms of these SVTs and led to successful catheter ablations. In conclusion, in patients with recurrent symptomatic tachycardia and a smartwatch‐detected SVT, an electrophysiological study is indicated rather than to wait for a standard ECG for clinical decision. This approach might prevent the delay for successful treatment.
Proteomic profiling of Arachis hypogaea in response to drought stress and overexpression of AhLEA2 improves drought tolerance
Authors: Li C. , Yan C. , Sun Q. , Wang J. , Yuan C. , Mou Y. , Shan S. , Zhao X. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Drought is the main factor restricting peanut growth, but the molecular mechanism underlying peanut drought tolerance remains unclear.

Herein, the seedling stage of drought‐resistant peanut cultivar J11 was subjected to drought stress, and its proteomic profile was systematically analysed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), the results of which were further complemented with our previous transcriptome results.

A total of 4,018 proteins were identified by proteomic analysis, which revealed that the expression levels of 69 proteins were altered under drought stress. Among the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), 50 were upregulated, and 19 were downregulated. The most enriched metabolic pathways for these DEPs were those involving phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. The proteomic data and previous transcriptome results revealed 44 groups of genes/proteins with the same expression trend, including a LEA (Late embryogenesis abundant) gene, AhLEA2. Our present study showed that overexpression of the AhLEA2 gene enhanced the drought resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and the activities of related antioxidant enzymes in the transgenic plants significantly changed. The AhLEA2 gene was found to be located in the cytoplasm and cell membrane by subcellular localization experiments.

This work systematically analysed the differentially expressed proteins in peanut in response to drought stress, providing important candidates for further functional analysis of the stress response of peanut. Our results also indicated that AhLEA2 plays an important role in the peanut response to drought stress.
Defence against Bremia lactucae conferred by the resistance gene Dm7 in lettuce is broken by treatment with dichloroisonicotinic acid
Authors: Oikonomou Adriana , Bennett Mark H. , Parker Adam A. H. , Ton Jurriaan , Mansfield John W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effect of inducers of systemic acquired resistance, dichloroisonicotinic acid (DCINA) and acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (BION), on compatible interactions between Bremia lactucae and lettuce were examined using a detached cotyledon infection assay. Treatment with both activators caused a reduction in sporulation on susceptible cultivars Cobham Green challenged with isolate CL9W and Diana inoculated with isolate Tv, with DCINA being more effective than BION on an equimolar basis. Unexpectedly, treatment with both compounds suppressed the resistance conferred by the Dm7 gene in cv. Diana challenged by isolate CL9W (A7). The frequency of sporulation was greatly increased by DCINA in the incompatible interaction. The suppression of defence was associated with a delay in the onset of the Dm7‐based hypersensitive reaction as indicated by the extended viability of penetrated epidermal cells, and reductions in both the accumulation of the phytoalexin lettucenin A and the deposition of autofluorescent phenolics such as syringaldehyde on plant and oomycete cell walls. The analysis of DCINA homologues indicated that 2‐chloroisonicotinic acid was as effective as the dichloro‐derivative in suppressing resistance in cv. Diana, whereas the absence of the carboxyl group rendered 2,6‐dichloropyridine inactive. Infection of cotyledons by Botrytis cinerea was also found to be enhanced by DCINA treatment. Based on our results, we discuss the possibility that DCINA reduces Dm7 transcription through an epigenetic mechanism, as is supported by bioinformatic analyses of the resistance gene, and that it suppresses jasmonate‐dependent resistance to B. cinerea.
Contributions to a Phenomenology of Historical Experience
Authors: Rossi Tobia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, I propose a phenomenological account of historical experience, aimed at showing how people directly experience an event as being historical. After examining the only previous phenomenological account, David Carr’s Experience and History, and exploring its limits, I present my own contributions. My analysis focuses on the features of three main concepts or “moments”: eventfulness, substantiality, and narrativity. Considering the transcendent character of historical experience in the moment of eventfulness brings three features to light: initial incomprehensibility, need for categorization, and memorability. The concept of “substantiality,” on the other hand, shows how a historical event is felt as a moment of change. History is perceived as a structure shaping a community and whose unity seems irremediably shattered. Three features of historical change are explored: threatened identity, broken temporality, and emphasized belongingness. Lastly, I look at the decisive role of the gradual transformation of past beliefs and expectations as it occurs “narratively,” revealing a further two features of historical experience: narrative justifications and uncertain new normativity. Dealing narratively with a historical event means providing justifications for how it constitutes a new configuration of practices and ideas foreshadowing the now uncertain future.
Validating a student assessment of mathematical modeling at elementary school level
Authors: Turner Erin E. , Chen Mei‐Kuang , Roth McDuffie Amy , Smith James E. , Aguirre Julia , Foote Mary Q. , Bennett Amy Been 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile research suggests that mathematical modeling is accessible to elementary grade students, questions remain about how to assess modeling competency. Our research addresses this need through the systemic design and empirical testing of a Mathematical Modeling Student Assessment (MMSA) for elementary grades 3 through 5. Research questions focus on validity evidence for the MMSA based on test content, response process, internal structure, and relationship to other variables, as well as reliability evidence. Data sources included student interviews, MMSA post assessments and state level standardized assessments. We paid particular attention to evidence of internal structure to understand the extent to which a holistic versus an atomistic conceptualization of mathematical modeling competency was empirically supported by the data. We found that MMSA items provided sufficient coverage to provide accurate information about a range of modeling competencies. The MMSA had high reliability and low standard error for average modeling competency which supports its use for grades 3 to 5. Correlations between MMSA trait‐level estimates and standardized assessment scores indicate the MMSA captures overlapping but distinct competencies specific to modeling. We discuss implications for teaching modeling and directions for future research on the development of modeling assessments in the elementary grades.
The Myth of Epistemic Implicata
Authors: Sander Thorsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuite a few scholars claim that many implicata are propositions about the speaker's epistemic or doxastic states. I argue, on the contrary, that implicata are generally non‐epistemic. Some alleged cases of epistemic implicature are not implicatures in the first place because they do not meet Grice's non‐triviality requirement, and epistemic implicata in general would infringe on the maxim of quantity. Epistemic implicatures ought to be construed as members of a larger family of implicature‐like phenomena.
Brazilian universities and graduate programmes in Geography: Institutional developments and political challenges
Authors: Reyes Novaes André , Araújo Lamego Mariana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis piece examines the spread of Geography graduate programmes in Brazil, demonstrating how political contexts affect geographical research and teaching. Four periods are identified, considering changes in Brazilian politics and our own experience as students and professors at public universities. The creation of the first Geography graduate programmes during the dictatorship in the 1970s, the introduction of neoliberal policies during the 1990s, the expansion of Brazilian universities during the 2000s, and the contemporary challenges and threats to public universities characterised different periods that influenced the practices of making Geography in Brazil. Considering the territorial diffusion and the social composition of graduate programmes in Geography during different periods, we would like to emphasise the importance of an accessible, public, and inclusive university in the Global South.
Requests in Indian and Sri Lankan English
Authors: Degenhardt Julia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite notable exceptions, research on requests in world Englishes has so far largely involved role plays, questionnaires and discourse completion tasks. Moreover, research on requests in South Asian varieties of English is rather scarce. Therefore, the present study employs a multifactorial approach towards requests in Indian and Sri Lankan English as compared to their historical input variety British English by investigating the spoken components of the International Corpus of English, hence involving authentic, non‐intuition‐based empirical data. Based on a conditional inference tree and a random forest extended via the integration of interaction predictors, the present article concludes that quantitative differences in the realisation patterns of requests in British, Indian and Sri Lankan English can be observed.
Socioeconomic and Gender Inequalities in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Access to Public Policies in Brazil From 2013 to 2019
Authors: Wendt Andrea , Ricardo Luiza I.C. , Costa Caroline S. , Knuth Alan G. , Tenório Maria C.M. , Crochemore-Silva Inácio 
Published: October 2021

Background: This study aims to describe changes in gender and wealth inequalities in leisure-time physical activity (PA) of Brazilians during a 6-year interval. It also aims to evaluate inequalities regarding PA public programs awareness, participation, and access to public spaces for PA. Methods: Data from 2 population-based surveys conducted in 2013 and 2019 were used. Leisure-time PA prevalence was assessed considering those reporting ≥150 minutes per week. The authors evaluated gender inequalities calculating differences and ratios, and wealth inequalities using the slope index of inequality and the concentration index— assessing changes over time. Results: National levels of leisure-time PA increased from 2013 to 2019, and an increase in inequalities was observed; women and the poorest groups still presented lower prevalence. A decline in socioeconomic inequalities was observed from 2013 to 2019 regarding the availability of public spaces and awareness about public programs. However, outcomes remained more common among the richest group. Inequalities did not vary for participation in public programs. Conclusion: Although leisure-time PA increased from 2013 to 2019 at a national level, there were no improvements in gender inequalities, and wealth inequalities worsened over time. Indicators of public strategies for PA increased for the population, but inequalities remain.
Telemedicine as an alternative way to access abortion in Italy and characteristics of requests during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Brandell Karin , Vanbenschoten Hannah , Parachini Mirella , Gomperts Rebecca , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionInduced abortion is legal in Italy but with restrictions. The online abortion provider Women on Web (WoW) serves as an alternative way to access abortion. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected sexual and reproductive health worldwide. Italy was one of the first countries hit by the pandemic and imposed strict lockdown measures. We aimed to understand why women requested WoW abortion in Italy and how this was affected by the pandemic.MethodsWe conducted an observational study analysing requests made to WoW before and during the pandemic. We analysed 778 requests for medical abortion from Italy between 1 March 2019 to 30 November 2020 and compared the characteristics of requests submitted before and during the pandemic. We also performed subgroup analysis on teenagers and COVID-19-specific requests.ResultsThere was an increase in requests during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous year (12% in the first 9 months). The most common reasons for requesting a telemedicine abortion through WoW were privacy-related (40.9%); however, this shifted to COVID-19-specific (50.3%) reasons during the pandemic. Requests from teenagers (n=61) were more frequently made at later gestational stages (p=0.003), had a higher prevalence of rape (p=0.003) as the cause of unwanted pregnancies, and exhibited less access to healthcare services compared with adult women.ConclusionsThere was an increase in total demand for self-managed abortion during the pandemic and reasons for requesting an abortion changed, shifting from privacy-related to COVID-19-specific reasons. This study also highlighted the uniquely vulnerable situation of teenagers with unwanted pregnancies seeking self-managed abortion.