bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial inclusion and the growth of small medium enterprises in Uganda: empirical evidence from selected districts in Lango sub-region
Authors: Eton Marus , Mwosi Fabian , Okello-Obura Constant , Turyehebwa Abanis , Uwonda Gilbert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe growth and failure of small and medium enterprises has been a topic of discussions world over among policymakers and researchers. This study was guided by the following objectives: to examine the contributions of small medium enterprises (SMEs), to determine the challenges affecting small medium enterprises, to examine how financial inclusiveness supports the growth of small medium enterprises, and to establish the relationship between financial inclusion and growth of small medium enterprises. The study used a cross-sectional research design. Descriptive design was used and supplemented by inferential statistics. Correlation and regression analysis were adopted. The study revealed that financial inclusion is significant in supporting SME growth. The study further also revealed that the cost of acquiring and servicing financial services is high; there is also difficulty in using some of the financial services, and the way financial providers treat financial users, some lacked some degree of respect and dignity. The study recommends that financial providers should continue sensitizing the public on the available financial services beyond credit services, which are common and known. Digital financial service providers should encourage their clientele to use digitalized financial services which are cheap, secure, and risk averse. The cost of capital should also be reduced to encourage borrowing while SMEs should innovatively produce goods that can be competitive at both domestic and international markets.
Form and content of Jamaican cannabis edibles
Authors: Lindsay Carole M. , Abel Wendel D. , Jones-Edwards Erica E. , Brown Paul D. , Bernard Khalia K. , Taylor Tainia T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
In 2017, the Jamaican government banned the sale of cannabis-infused edibles after reports of over-intoxication in adults and children. There is a general lack of public awareness regarding the risk involved with edible dosage. Vandrey et al. in 2015 reported that random cannabis edibles sampled from dispensaries in California and Washington in the USA failed to meet the basic labeling standards for pharmaceuticals (Vandrey et al.; JAMA 2015). This study aims to measure the levels of THC and CBD in a variety of edibles available locally in order to establish current cannabinoid content and to report on safety and packaging. This study is deemed necessary as no such study has been done to measure the potency levels of edibles and to raise awareness of the potential risk to children.

Methods
Forty-five cannabis-infused edible items were collected as convenience samples over a 4-year period (2014–2018) and analyzed. The QuEChERS technique (modified) was used to extract cannabinoids from each item. The extracts were then derivatized with MSTFA prior to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The descriptive statistics were calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences—SPSS Software. Descriptive statistics presented include the mean, median, standard deviation, and range for each product category. The distribution of data with a box and whisker plot and frequency of THC to CBD ratios with a histogram was also presented.

Results
Edibles on the Jamaican market comprise baked goods, candies, frozen foods, and beverages. Eighty-six percent of samples were poorly labeled and failed to meet basic labeling requirements. None of the packages were observed to be child-proof. THC levels ranged from 0.01 to 99.9 mg per product while CBD levels ranged from 0.001 to 69.2 mg per product. The highest THC and CBD levels were detected in cookies and brownies. Thirty percent of the samples had THC levels greater than the recommended 10 mg THC per serving.

Conclusion
The lack of proper labeling and the wide range of THC levels in cannabis edibles raises public health concerns for all consumers including inexperienced persons who may be at a greater risk of overdosing. Concern must also be raised over the possibility that the attractive and tasty ways in which the drug is being presented might tempt young children and teens to take cannabis.
Impact statement
It is hoped that this information will raise public awareness of the current potential danger these edibles pose to children and inexperienced users and that policymakers will see the need for the imposition of suitable regulations.
An outline of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the complement cascade of immune system
Authors: Hembram Padmalochan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 19 is a viral infection caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. It was first notified in Wuhan, China, is now spread into numerous part of the world. Thus, the world needs urgent support and encouragement to develop a vaccine or antiviral treatments to combat the atrocious outbreak.

Main body of the abstract
The origin of this virus is yet unknown; however, rapid transmission from human-to-human “Anthroponosis” has widely confirmed. The world is witnessing a continuous hike in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In light of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19, we have aimed to highlight the basic and vital information about the novel coronavirus. We provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, timeline and its pathophysiological properties which would be an aid for the development of therapeutic molecules and antiviral drugs. Immune system plays a crucial role in virus infection in order to control but may have dark side when becomes uncontrollable. The host and SARS-CoV-2 interaction describe how the virus exploits host machinery and how overactive host immune response can cause disease severity also addressed in this review.

Short conclusion
Safe and effective vaccines may be the game-changing tools, but in the near future wearing mask, washing hands at regular intervals, avoiding crowed, maintaining physical distancing and hygienic surrounding, must be good practices to reduce and break the transmission chain. Still, research is ongoing not only on how vaccines protect against disease, but also against infection and transmission.
Continuity of care and mortality in people with schizophrenia
Authors: Macdonald Alastair , Adamis Dimitrios , Broadbent Matthew , Craig Tom , Stewart Rob , Murray Robin M. 
Published: July 2021

Background
People with schizophrenia have shortened lives. This excess mortality seems to be related to physical health conditions that may be amenable to better primary and secondary prevention. Better continuity of care may enhance such interventions as well as help prevent death by self-injury.

Aims
We set out to examine the relationship between the continuity of care of patients with schizophrenia, their mortality and cause of death.

Method
Pseudoanonymised community data from 5551 people with schizophrenia presenting over 11 years were examined for changes in continuity of care using the numbers of community teams caring for them and the Modified Modified Continuity Index. These and demographic variables were related to death certifications of physical illness from the Office of National Statistics and mortal self-injury from clinical data. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equations.

Results
We found no independent relationship between levels of continuity of care and overall mortality. However, lower levels of relationship continuity were significantly and independently related to death by self-injury.

Conclusions
We found no evidence that continuity of care is important in the prevention of physical causes of death in schizophrenia. However, there is evidence that declining relationship continuity of care has an independent effect on deaths as a result of self-injury. We suggest that there should be more attention focused on the improvement of continuity of care for these patients.
Forming the Hematology-Oncology Collaborative Videoconferencing (CO-VID) Learning Initiative: Experiential Lessons Learned From a Novel Trainee-Led Multidisciplinary Virtual Learning Platform
Authors: Martin Richard L. , Grant Michael J. , Kimani Stephen , Midha Shonali , May Jori , Patell Rushad , Collier Emily , Furfaro David , Bodine Charles , Reap Leo , Shah Nikesh , DeLaune Jess , Brusca Samuel , Olazagasti Coral , Goyal Shreya , Rubinstein Samuel , Hakim Nausheen , Qin Shuai , Browning Sabrina L. , Sena Laura , Gilbert Jill , Davidson Mario , Lovly Christine M. , Seetharamu Nagashree , Rangachari Deepa , Murphy Martina , Chatwal Monica , Paschal Rita , Henry Elizabeth , Collichio Frances , Green Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:COVID-19 challenged medical practice and graduate medical education. Building on previous initiatives, we describe and reflect on the formative process and goals of the Hematology-Oncology Collaborative Videoconferencing Learning Initiative, a trainee-led multi-institutional virtual COVID-19 learning model.METHODS:Clinical fellows and faculty from 13 US training institutions developed consensus needs, goals, and objectives, recruited presenters, and generated a multidisciplinary COVID-19 curriculum. Weekly Zoom conferences consisted of two trainee-led instructional segments and a trainee-moderated faculty Q&A panel. Hematology-oncology training program faculty and trainees were the targeted audience. Leadership evaluations consisted of anonymized baseline and concluding mixed methods surveys. Presenter evaluations consisted of session debriefs and two structured focus groups. Conference evaluations consisted of attendance, demographics, and pre- or postmultiple-choice questions on topic learning objectives.RESULTS:In 6 weeks, the initiative produced five conferences: antivirals, anticoagulation, pulmonology, provider resilience, and resource scarcity ethics. The average attendance was 100 (range 57-185). Among attendees providing both pre- and postconference data, group-level knowledge appeared to increase: antiviral (n = 46) pre-/postcorrect 82.6%/97.8% and incorrect 10.9%/2.2%, anticoagulation (n = 60) pre-/postcorrect 75%/93.3% and incorrect 15%/6.7%, and pulmonary (n = 21) pre-/postcorrect 66.7%/95.2% and incorrect 33.3%/4.8%. Although pulmonary management comfort appeared to increase, comfort managing of antivirals and anticoagulation was unchanged. At the conclusion of the pilot, leadership trainees reported improved self-confidence organizing multi-institutional collaborations, median (interquartile range) 58.5 (50-64) compared with baseline 34 (26-39), but did not report improved confidence in other educational or leadership skills.CONCLUSION:During crisis, trainees built a multi-institutional virtual education platform for the purposes of sharing pandemic experiences and knowledge. Accomplishment of initiative goals was mixed. Lessons learned from the process and goals may improve future disaster educational initiatives.
Römische Gräber in der St. Alban-Vorstadt
Authors: Helmig Guido , Schön Udo , Kaufmann Bruno , Warburton Rahel C. 
Published: July 2021

An der St. Alban-Vorstadt 62 ist innerhalb des seit dem Spätmittelalter dicht überbauten Areales noch ein kleiner Ausschnitt eines wohl ausgedehnteren frührömischen Friedhofes zum Vorschein gekommen.
Reste zweier Körperbestattungen von erwachsenen Personen können infolge fehlender Bei- und Begleitfunde nicht näher datiert werden. Die im Umkreis dieser Erdbestattungen nachgewiesenen Körperbestattungen von Neugeborenen und Säuglingen sind aber anhand der Beifunde in den Grabgruben sicher der frührömischen Zeit zuzuordnen. Erstaunlich ist die dichte Belegung mit Neugeborenen und deren Häufigkeit; es dürfte sich demzufolge um einen speziellen Bereich des Friedhofareales gehandelt haben.
Nur gerade zwei Brandbestattungen zeugen von der Sitte der Feuerbestattung bereits in der ersten Hälfte des 1. Jahrhunderts.
Archäologische Untersuchungen im Engelhof (Nadelberg 4/Stiftsgasse 1, 1987/6)
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph. 
Published: July 2021

Im ersten Teil werden die archäologischen Untersuchungen im Gebäudekomplex an der Ecke Nadelberg 4/Stiftsgasse 1 näher vorgestellt, die 1987 durchgeführt wurden.
Der zweite Teil fasst die Erkenntnisse der vergangenen Grabung am Nadelberg zusammen und bietet einen Überblick über die frühe Besiedlungsgeschichte.
Lörtscher's des Schindlers Hus
Authors: Helmig Guido , Jaggi Bernard , Keller Christine , Schön Udo , Schärli Beatrice 
Published: July 2021

Im Rahmen des Neubauprojektes im Hinterhof von Haus Nr. 28 ergab sich die Gelegenheit zu umfassenden archäologischen Sondierungen, die römerzeitliche Funde, einen Kernbau aus dem frühen 14. Jahrhundert und zahlreiches Fundmaterial aus einem mittelalterlichen Keller zum Vorschein brachten.
Die Bauforschung untersuchte den bis 1995 stehenden Baubestand und einen barocke Hofflügelbau von 1733.
A fundação da “Cidade-Capitania” do Rio de Janeiro e a Repartição do Sul: notas sobre administração colonial
Authors: Santos Fabiano Vilaça dos 
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo aborda a polêmica sobre a fundação da cidade de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, em 1565/67, associada à criação da capitania real do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho contempla, ainda, a análise da adoção e do funcionamento de uma entidade administrativa que alterou por três vezes a configuração política e jurisdicional do governo-geral do Estado do Brasil, originalmente instalado na Bahia: a Repartição do Sul, sediada no Rio de Janeiro nos séculos XVI e XVII.
Aspectos que influenciam a criação das Zonas de Especial Interesse Social nos municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Paula Vasconcelos 
Published: July 2021

No Brasil as políticas urbanas e habitacionais não favoreciam as camadas populares, acarretando a segregação habitacional das pessoas mais pobres. Somente a partir da década de 80 que a discussão sobre regulação urbanística, políticas habitacionais inclusivas e gestão democrática das cidades começou a ter mais repercussão. Esta nova mobilização culminou no Estatuto da Cidade que prevê a obrigatoriedade do Plano Diretor e também instrumentos legais para a gestão democrática das cidades, como as Zonas de Especial Interesse Social – ZEIS. No Estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir de 2008 ocorreu um aumento de municípios com Plano Diretor e com áreas definidas como ZEIS, entretanto há cidades que não possuem este instrumento de gestão. Por isso, este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender quais fatores influenciam os municípios do Estado do Rio a incluir em seu Plano Diretor as ZEIS. Tendo em vista que estas zonas estão relacionadas diretamente a habitação, optou-se neste trabalho por verificar quais características dos domicílios e de infraestrutura urbana podem afetar a decisão em questão. Para alcançar tal objetivo foi empregada a regressão logística e os dados utilizados são oriundos do Censo Demográfico de 2010 e da pesquisa do Perfil dos Municípios Brasileiros, ambas realizadas pelo IBGE.
Elementos da formação de uma centralidade periférica na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: meio ambiente, elites fundiárias e políticas, dinâmica imobiliária e legislação urbanística
Authors: Fonseca Priscilla Rodrigues 
Published: July 2021

Como aponta Lefebvre (2008), as centralidades urbanas são cheias de rupturas e continuidades, diferenças e identificações. Para tanto, nos dedicamos a investigar especificamente um bairro periférico da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a saber Campo Grande, e identificar como o mesmo, a despeito de ter sido desatendido na escala municipal, se constituiu em centralidade intraurbana. Neste sentido, acompanhamos o seu desenvolvimento desde a vocação agrícola e centro de serviços até a importante participação na dinâmica imobiliária da cidade. Destacamos também o papel dos instrumentos do Direito Urbanístico disponíveis que contribuíram e ratificaram esse crescimento e possível permanência de diferenciações sociais.
Especialização produtiva — reflexos sobre o desenvolvimento do estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Cavalieri Henrique , Hasenclever Lia 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar de que maneira a problemática do subdesenvolvimento, sugerida principalmente pela Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (Cepal) nos anos 1950, apresenta- se contemporaneamente ao estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ), tendo em vista o movimento recente de a economia estadual concentrar sua estrutura produtiva em segmentos associados ao petróleo. Para tanto, lança-se mão de dados sobre a estrutura produtiva do ERJ em comparação com a nacional, caracterizando a composição setorial e o padrão de desenvolvimento recente em níveis estadual e nacional. As principais conclusões do trabalho são que a especialização produtiva fluminense na indústria extrativa do petróleo não tem se constituído em uma via de desenvolvimento virtuoso para o estado. Ao contrário, o padrão de desenvolvimento atual tem perpetuado e reproduzido heterogeneidades estruturais, baixo crescimento econômico e vulnerabilidade externa.
Desafios à gestão, ao desenvolvimento sustentável em Miracema (RJ)
Authors: José de Mendonça Ribeiro Paulo 
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo é resultado da criação UC - Unidade de Conservação no município de Miracema, em 2010, baseado no projeto de pesquisa “Uma proposta de Gestão do Marketing no Município de Miracema- RJ, como estratégia para promoção de um município saudável e sustentável”. O resultado, pela metodologia utilizada, sugere que a problemática socioambiental incorpora as questões sobre a qualidade de vida e bem-estar dos indivíduos e coletividades e na lógica de reprodução, articulam-se ao crescimento econômico e ao consumo. Há porém mais custos que benefícios particularmente no que se refere à sustentabilidade socioambiental. Os problemas socioambientais representam um grande desafio para as políticas públicas e sua gestão; quando identificados, padecem em efetividade, dada a tabulação dos dados primários e secundários, inclusive no aspecto documental.
The journey is just as important as the destination—Digital neuropsychological assessment provides performance stability measures in patients with acquired brain injury
Authors: Spreij Lauriane A. , Gosselt Isabel K. , Visser-Meily Johanna M. A. , Hoogerbrugge Alex J. , Kootstra Timo M. , Nijboer Tanja C. W. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCognitive performances on neuropsychological paper-and-pencil tests are generally evaluated quantitatively by examining a final score (e.g., total duration). Digital tests allow for a quantitative evaluation of “how” a patient attained a final score, which opens the possibility to assess more subtle cognitive impairment even when final scores are evaluated as normal. We assessed performance stability (i.e., the number of fluctuations in test performance) to investigate (1) differences in performance stability between patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) and healthy controls; (2) the added value of performance stability measures in patients with ABI; and (3) the relation between performance stability and cognitive complaints in daily life in patients with ABI.MethodsWe administered three digital neuropsychological tests (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test, Stroop Colour and Word Test) and the Cognitive Complaints—Participation (CoCo-P) inventory in patients with ABI (n= 161) and healthy controls (n= 91).ResultsPatients with ABI fluctuated more in their performance on all tests, when compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, 4–15% of patients who performed inside normal range on the conventional final scores were outside normal range on the performance stability measures. The performance stability measures, nor the conventional final scores, were associated with cognitive complaints in daily life.ConclusionsStability in test performance of patients was clearly dissociable from healthy controls, and may assess additional cognitive weaknesses which might not be observed or objectified with paper-and-pencil tests. More research is needed for developing measures better associated with cognitive complaints.
Telemedicine interventions for hypertension management in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Hoffer-Hawlik Michael , Moran Andrew , Zerihun Lillian , Usseglio John , Cohn Jennifer , Gupta Reena 
Published: July 2021

Hypertension remains the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide and disproportionately impacts patients living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Telemedicine offers a potential solution for improving access to health care for vulnerable patients in LMICs.

Objectives
The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the evidence for telemedicine interventions for blood pressure management in LMICs and assess the relationships between the telemedicine intervention characteristics and clinical outcomes.

Design
Published studies were identified from the following databases (from their inception to May 2020): PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Search terms related to “Low and Middle Income Countries,” “Telemedicine,” and “Hypertension” were used, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the screened articles.

Results
Our search resulted in 530 unique articles, and 14 studies were included in this review. Five studies assessed telemedicine interventions for patient-provider behavioral counseling, four assessed patient-provider medical management, and five assessed provider-provider consultation technologies. Out of fourteen individual studies, eleven demonstrated a significant improvement in systolic or diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group. Of the eight studies that reported difference-in-differences changes in systolic blood pressure, between-arm differences ranged from 13.2 mmHg to 0.4 mmHg.

Conclusions
The majority of the studies in this review demonstrated a significant reduction in blood pressure with use of the telemedicine intervention, though the magnitude of benefit was not consistently large. Limitations of the studies included small sample sizes, short duration, and intervention heterogeneity. Current evidence suggests that telemedicine may provide a promising approach to increase access to care and improve outcomes for hypertension in LMICs, especially during events that limit access to in-person care, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, high-quality clinical trials of sufficient size and duration are needed to establish the impact and role of telemedicine in hypertension care. The protocol for this review was not registered.