bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical and Enzymatic Approaches to Esters ofsn‐Glycero‐3‐Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Semproli Riccardo , Robescu Marina S. , Cambò Mattia , Mema Klodiana , Bavaro Teodora , Rabuffetti Marco , Ubiali Daniela , Speranza Giovanna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEsters ofsn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoric acid (GPAE) are derivatives of glycerophospholipids in which both the fatty acid chains insn‐1 andsn‐2 positions are removed. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS) are the most abundant glycerophospholipids in Nature. Their deacylated derivatives find application in many industrial sectors; for example,sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (GPC) is useful as a cognitive enhancer and as a food ingredient, whereassn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoinositol (GPI) acts as a natural anti‐inflammatory agent. This minireview covers the state‐of‐the‐art of chemical and biocatalytic methods for the obtainment of these lipid‐derived components.
Diffusiophoresis of a highly charged soft particle normal to a conducting plane
Authors: Wu Yvonne , Lee Eric 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiffusiophoresis of a soft particle in electrolyte solutions normal to a conducting solid plane is investigated theoretically in this study, focusing on the highly charged particle in particular. A pseudo‐spectral method based on Chebyshev polynomial is adopted to solve the resultant governing electrokinetic equations. It was found, among other things, that the closer the soft particle is to the plane, the faster it moves in general, provided only the chemiphoresis component of the diffusiophoresis is involved, i.e., no diffusion potential is present. The presence of the conducting plane is found to have three effects upon the particle motion nearby: the geometric boundary confinement effect, the electrostatic mirror‐image force analog effect, and the hydrodynamic retarding effect. The enhancement of the double layer polarization by the first two effects leads to the seeming intriguing observation mentioned above. The particle always moves away from the plane in chemiphoresis. If a diffusion potential is present, however, then it is possible to drive the particle toward the plane. The results have potential applications in drug delivery.
How Does Climate Change Affect Emergent Properties of Aquatic Ecosystems?
Authors: Staudinger Michelle D , Lynch Abigail J , Gaichas Sarah K , Fox Michael G , Gibson-Reinemer Daniel , Langan Joseph A , Teffer Amy K , Thackeray Stephen J , Winfield Ian J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Emergent properties of ecosystems are community attributes, such as structure and function, that arise from connections and interactions (e.g., predator–prey, competition) among populations, species, or assemblages that, when viewed together, provide a holistic representation that is more than the sum of its individual parts. Climate change is altering emergent properties of aquatic ecosystems through component responses, a combination of shifts in species range, phenology, distribution, and productivity, which lead to novel ecosystems that have no historical analog. The reshuffling, restructuring, and rewiring of aquatic ecosystems due to climate impacts are of high concern for natural resource management and conservation as these changes can lead to species extinctions and reductions in ecosystem services. Overall, we found that substantial progress has been made to advance our understanding of how climate change is affecting emergent properties of aquatic ecosystems. However, responses are incredibly complex, and high uncertainty remains for how systems will reorganize and function over the coming decades. This cross-system perspective summarizes the state of knowledge of climate-driven emergent properties in aquatic habitats with case studies that highlight mechanisms of change, observed or anticipated outcomes, as well as insights into confounding non-climate effects, research tools, and management approaches to advance the field.
Allicin regulates Treg/Th17 balance in mice with collagen‐induced arthritis by increasing the expression of MEKK2 protein
Authors: Zhang Yuling , Gong Yufang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo study the role of Allicin in regulating Treg/Th17 ratio in splenic lymphocyte by increasing the expression of MEKK2 protein in MAPK signaling pathway, and to explore the mechanism of immune response in mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). Mouse CIA model was induced by chicken collagen type II, and experimental mice were randomly divided into NC group, Model group, and Allicin group. HE staining was used to compare the degree of joint pathological damage in mice of each group, and Masson staining to observe the proliferation of collagen tissue in each group. Flow cytometry detected Treg/Th17 ratio in splenic lymphocytes. Furthermore, RT‐PCR and WB were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of related transcription factors and inflammatory factors Foxp3, ROR‐γt, and IL‐17A, as well as MEK2 protein expression in splenic lymphocytes. The results showed that Allicin treatment could reduce the severity of arthritis and the proliferation of collagen fibers on the surface of cartilage and bone joints in CIA mice. Compared with NC group, Treg decreased and Th17 increased in spleen lymphocyte of Model group (p < .01); after Allicin treatment, Treg increased while Th17 decreased significantly (p < .01). Meanwhile, MEKK2 protein expression in spleen lymphocyte of Model group decreased compared to that in NC group (p < .01), and MEK2 protein expression increased significantly after Allicin treatment (p < .01). To sum up, the present study suggests that MEKK2 protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CIA model. In terms of mechanism, Allicin may play a therapeutic role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by increasing the expression of MEKK2 protein and affecting Treg/Th17 ratio.
Hall and ion‐slip effects on mixed convection flow of Williamson nanofluid over a nonlinear porous stretching sheet with variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Anbessa Temesgen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe intent of this investigation is to analyze the Williamson nanofluid stream past a nonlinearly broadening surface through a leaky medium in the existence of mixed convection, Hall, ion‐slip, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation impacts. Suitable similitude changes give joined nonlinear differential schemes, which were numerically explained via spectral relaxation method. Effectiveness of various physical parameters on velocity ingredients, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration distributions alongside the physical quantities of interests was uncovered graphically. It is found that both velocity profiles increment with an expansion in the Hall parameter. Also, the opposite behavior is noticed for the primary and auxiliary velocity profiles as the ion‐slip parameter rises. Moreover, it is observed that the primary velocity and concentration profiles expand with an expansion in the velocity power index parameter, however, the secondary velocity profile reduces. Further, it was showed that the fluid velocities decay while temperature distribution advances by the superior values of the Williamson fluid parameter. Finally, the authenticity of the outcomes was confirmed by contrasting them with prior outcomes under some limited presumptions and discovered to be in terrific understanding.
An experimental study of forced convective heat transfer for fully developed Al2O3–water nanofluid in an annulus tube
Authors: Ghanbari Khalil , Golneshan Ali Akbar , Yazdani Mohsen , Moghadasi Hesam , Malekian Navid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNanofluids have been known as practical materials to ameliorate heat transfer within diverse industrial systems. The current work presents an empirical study on forced convection effects of Al2O3–water nanofluid within an annulus tube. A laminar flow regime has been considered to perform the experiment in high Reynolds number range using several concentrations of nanofluid. Also, the boundary conditions include a constant uniform heat flux applied on the outer shell and an adiabatic condition to the inner tube. Nanofluid particle is visualized with transmission electron microscopy to figure out the nanofluid particles. Additionally, the pressure drop is obtained by measuring the inlet and outlet pressure with respect to the ambient condition. The experimental results showed that adding nanoparticles to the base fluid will increase the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and average Nusselt number. In addition, by increasing viscosity effects at maximum Reynolds number of 1140 and increasing nanofluid concentration from 1% to 4% (maximum performance at 4%), HTC increases by 18%.
Biological and behavioral responses of European honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies to perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure
Authors: Sonter Carolyn A. , Rader Romina , Stevenson Gavin , Stavert Jamie R. , Wilson Susan C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bees provide pollination services to managed and wild ecosystems but are threatened globally due to multiple stressors, including exposure to contaminants. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widely detected and persistent contaminant that accumulates and biomagnifies in food chains. In this exposure effect study, small whole colonies of Apis mellifera (1000 bees) were exposed to PFOS using a purpose-built cage system over a 4-week period. The PFOS exposure concentrations were provided to bees in sugar syrup at concentrations detected in the environment, ranging from 0 to 1.6 mg L−1. A range of biological and behavioral responses were monitored. Bee tissue, honey, and fecal matter were analyzed using isotope dilution combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry adapted for bee and honey matrix analysis. Bee mortality increased significantly with PFOS exposure at 0.8 mg L−1 or greater, and brood development ceased entirely at 0.02 mg L−1 or greater. Colony activity, temperament, hive maintenance, and defense were adversely affected in all PFOS exposure treatments compared with the control, even at the lowest PFOS exposure of 0.02 mg L−1. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was detected in bee tissue with a mean bioaccumulation factor of 0.3, and it was also identified in honey and in feces collected from the hive cages. These findings provide the first evidence that PFOS exposure adversely affects honey bee colonies and may transfer to honey. With PFOS contaminating thousands of sites worldwide, our study has implications for exposed bee populations under natural conditions, pollination services, the honey industry, and human health. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:673–683. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
The first evidence that PFOS exposure adversely affects honey bee colonies with significant impacts observed in brood production, worker bee mortality, behavior, and temperament. Evidence that PFOS accumulates in honey bee tissue and may transfer to honey when bees are exposed through diet.
Assessing South Africa's institutional adaptive capacity to maize production in the context of climate change: Integration of a socioeconomic development dimension
Authors: Akanbi Remilekun T. , Davis Nerhene , Ndarana Thando 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The deployment of adaptation plans to limit the threat of climate change often hinges on the capacity of various national and local institutions. An observed decline in South Africa's maize production over the last few decades has raised questions about the capacity of institutions responsible for providing climate change-related adaptive support to maize farmers in the country. This study assessed the adaptive capacity of management institutions in South Africa supporting maize producers, using a combination of literature review, document analysis, and in-depth interviews applied in the adaptive capacity wheel (ACW) assessment tool. On the basis of the results obtained from this analysis, the adaptive capacity of South African institutions responsible for climate change response processes was scored as medium. Findings from the research suggest that the advances made to date in South Africa in terms of climate change-related policy development, resource allocation, and capacity development could be inadequate, given the extent of identified institutional weaknesses, capacity constraints, knowledge, and information limitations. The study concludes that an inability to address current institutional limitations, considering the threats associated with climate change, may result in intensified social and economic challenges in the maize production sector. The study recommends the consistent revision and capacitation of these institutions to enable them to provide the type of support that will ensure effective adaptive responses for farmers involved in maize production in the country. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:1056–1069. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Using an expanded adaptive capacity wheel, this paper evaluates the ability of South Africa's climate response institutions to stimulate maize farmers' adaptive actions. Outcome suggests a medium adaptive capacity. Study recommends urgent reform to address identified weaknesses.
Low‐dose aspirin treatment improves endometrial receptivity in the midluteal phase in unexplained recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxin , Guo Feng , Wang Qiaohong , Bai Wenxin , Zhao Aimin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare endometrial receptivity in patients with and without unexplained recurrent implantation failure (URIF) and the benefits of low‐dose aspirin treatment in women with URIF.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, from January 2014 to January 2017. Endometrial thickness, pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI), and systolic‐to‐diastolic ratio (S/D) values of endometrial and uterine perfusion were recorded and compared between women with and without URIF. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the risk of URIF. Ultrasonography examination was repeated after 2 months of treatment with low‐dose aspirin.ResultsPI, RI, and S/D values for endometrial blood flow were significantly higher in URIF patients than the control group (P < 0.001). The predictive indexes were 0.833, 0.857, and 0.839, respectively. Differences between the groups for endometrial thickness and impedance of uterine perfusion were not significant (P > 0.05). After low‐dose aspirin treatment, endometrial and uterine arterial blood flow resistance in URIF patients was significantly lower than before treatment (P < 0.05).ConclusionURIF patients had inappropriate endometrial blood flow. Doppler parameters are promising for predicting women at high risk of URIF. Low‐dose aspirin treatment can improve endometrial receptivity.
Synthesis and characterization of a photo‐cross‐linked bioactive polycaprolactone‐based osteoconductive biocomposite
Authors: Razazpour Fateme , Najafi Farhood , Moshaverinia Alireza , Fatemi Seyyed Mostafa , Sima Shahabi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, a light cross‐linkable biocomposite scaffold based on a photo‐cross‐linkable poly (propylene fumarate) (PPF)‐co‐polycaprolactone (PCL) tri‐block copolymer was synthesized and characterized. The developed biodegradable scaffold was further modified with β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) bioceramic for bone tissue engineering applications. The developed biocomposite was characterized using H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the bioceramic particle size distribution and morphology were evaluated using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties and biodegradation of the scaffolds were also evaluated. Cytotoxicity and mineralization assays were performed to analyze the biocompatibility and bioactivity capacity of the developed biocomposite. The characterization data confirmed the development of a biodegradable and photo‐cross‐linkable PCL‐based biocomposite reinforced with β‐TCP bioceramic. In vitro analyses demonstrated the biocompatibility and mineralization potential of the synthesized bioceramic. Altogether, the results of the present study suggest that the photo‐cross‐linkable PCL‐PPF‐PCL tri‐block copolymer reinforced with β‐TCP is a promising biocomposite for bone tissue engineering applications. According to the results, this newly synthesized material has a proper chemical composition for further clinically‐relevant studies in tissue engineering.
Vaccination for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Relationship to Osteoporosis Care: Current Evidence and Suggested Approaches
Authors: Tsourdi Elena , Yu Elaine W. , Jan de Beur Suzanne M. , Drake Matthew T. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has proceeded at an unprecedented pace, with numerous trials conducted simultaneously across the world as a result of massive technological and financial resource expenditures. With multiple vaccines having now received regulatory approval, public health efforts to promote widespread vaccine dissemination are currently underway. There has been particular emphasis placed on vaccination of older populations, the age group in which COVID-19 infection has been most lethal. However, such widespread vaccination approaches have necessarily raised important questions related to potential interactions with underlying diseases and concomitant treatments among persons to be vaccinated. Osteoporosis is a chronic condition marked by reduced bone strength and an associated increased risk for fracture that generally requires sustained medical intervention(s). Osteoporosis is neither associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 infection nor by more pronounced disease severity following infection, such that individuals with osteoporosis need not be more highly prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination. Osteoporosis therapies do not interfere with the efficacy or side effect profiles of COVID-19 vaccines and should not be stopped or indefinitely delayed because of vaccination. Depending on the specific drug profile within an anti-osteoporosis medication category, minor adjustments to the timing of drug administration may be considered with respect to the patient's COVID-19 vaccination schedule. Herein we provide practical recommendations for the care of patients requiring treatment for osteoporosis in the setting of COVID-19 vaccination. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Controversies in radiotherapy for pancreas cancer
Authors: Nehlsen Anthony D. , Goodman Karyn A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains an area of controversy and ongoing discovery. Despite advances in surgical and radiation techniques, as well as chemotherapeutic agents, outcomes of patients diagnosed with this devastating malignancy remain poor. This article aims to review the available literature evaluating the efficacy of adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and definitive radiation therapy. We will also highlight areas of ongoing research efforts being carried out to improve outcomes in this patient population.
A review of response in neoadjuvant therapy for exocrine pancreatic cancer
Authors: Vitello Dominic J. , Bentrem David J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite overall advances in cancer therapy, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma continue to have a poor prognosis. While adjuvant therapy is still considered standard, there is mounting evidence that neoadjuvant therapy confers similar benefits in patients with locally advanced disease. The primary measures of response are radiographic, biochemical, margin status, and pathologic. Given overall low response rates and the need for new treatment strategies, standard metrics remain important to the investigation of new systemic agents.
History of preoperative therapy for pancreatic cancer and the MD Anderson experience
Authors: Gaskill Cameron E. , Maxwell Jessica , Ikoma Naruhiko , Kim Michael P. , Tzeng Ching‐Wei , Lee Jeffrey E. , Katz Matthew H. G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSystemic chemotherapy improves the survival of patients who undergo pancreatectomy, but whether chemotherapy should be delivered before or after surgery remains debated. At The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been preferentially treated with preoperative therapy—a practice supported by a robust history of institutional and national trials. In the following review, we discuss the historical use of perioperative therapy, our experience with it at MD Anderson Cancer Center and internationally, and the future of treatment and trials for PDAC.
Multidisciplinary management of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Biology is King
Authors: Attiyeh Marc A. , Amini Arya , Chung Vincent , Melstrom Laleh G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe annual incidence of pancreatic cancer is nearly 50,000 patients. The 5‐year overall survival is only 9%, and there remains a great need for better therapy. A subset of these patients presents with locally advanced disease. Multidisciplinary therapy has evolved to include some combination of systemic chemotherapy, locoregional radiation, and surgery in select patients with excellent biology. This review will address the thoughtful evidence‐based and individualized approach to these patients.
CO2 methanation on Na‐promoted Ni/ZrO2 catalysts: Experimental characterization and kinetic studies
Authors: Zhang Fanying , Sun Peiqin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation to methane (CH4) can not only reduce the greenhouse effect but also provide a recyclable source of hydrocarbon fuel. However, traditional Ni‐based catalysts have poor low‐temperature activity and the kinetic reaction mechanism for CO2 methanation is not well understood. This work investigates the effects of Na promoter on the catalytic performance, kinetics, and mechanism of Ni/ZrO2 catalysts for the CO2 methanation reaction. Herein, a series of Ni/ZrO2 catalysts with different Na content (0–5 wt%) are prepared by the hydrogel method and used for CO2 methanation. The experimental results show the CO2 reaction rate and Na content have a strong correlation. The addition of Na increases the basic sites and oxygen vacancies, which greatly improves the catalytic activity and selectivity to CH4. Of the studied catalysts, NiNa2.5/ZrO2 exhibits the highest catalytic performance, revealing that a CO2 reaction rate of ∼0.33 moL·gNi–1·h–1, a CH4 selectivity of ∼100% at 300°C, 0.1 MPa, a high GHSV of 30,000 mL·g–1·h–1 are achieved. Kinetic experiments were performed with samples of Ni/ZrO2 and NiNa2.5/ZrO2 at 300°C. These studies suggest that the higher performance of NiNa2.5/ZrO2 is attributed to its lower reaction activation energy. The structure–activity relationships observed herein could provide useful guidance in the design of highly active industrial catalysts.
Evolution of scientific collaboration on COVID‐19: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Duan Dezhong , Xia Qifan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the pattens of international collaboration by analysing publications on COVID‐19 published in the first 6 months of the pandemic. The data set comprised articles on COVID‐19 indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) downloaded four times between 1 April 2020 and 1 June 2020. The analysis of 5,827 documents revealed that 128 countries, 23,127 authors, and 6,349 institutes published on the pandemic. The data reveal that the three main publishing countries were the USA, China, and England with Italy closely following. Although publication was widely spread, most of the institutions with the highest volume of output were in China. Network analysis showed growth in international cooperation with an average degree of country/region cooperation rising to 23.06 by 1 June. There was also a clear core‐periphery structure to international collaboration. Institutional collaboration was shown to be highly regionalized. The data reveal a high and growing incidence of international collaboration on the pandemic.