bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of toxic organophosphorus pesticides from aqueous medium using dextrin‐graft‐poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid‐co‐acrylic acid) copolymer: Studies on equilibrium kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of interactions
Authors: Ray Jagabandhu , Samanta Santu Kumar , Tripathy Tridib 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA graft copolymer was prepared by grafting a mixture of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers onto the dextrin polysaccharide backbone by free radical copolymerization technique using potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator in water medium. Several characterization techniques like FT‐IR, 1H and 13C NMR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX analyses were used to characterize the synthesized polymer. The polymer was used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of toxic pesticides namely dimethoate (DM), chlorpyrifos (CP), and phosalone (PL) from their aqueous solutions. Various operating variables such as kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic parameters were investigated for the three pesticides. The pesticide adsorption process over polymer surface was directed by pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms both correlate well with the equilibrium data. Maximum adsorption capacity () of the polymer was found to be 172.4 mg g−1 for DM, 121.95 mg g−1 for PL, and 108.69 mg g−1 for CP. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the selected pesticides' adsorption onto the polymers was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The preferential pesticide sorption by the graft copolymer followed the order .
Nutrient‐specific proteomic analysis of the mucin degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila
Authors: Lee Ji‐Young , Jin Hyeon‐Su , Kim Kyoung Su , Baek Je‐Hyun , Kim Bong‐Soo , Lee Dong‐Woo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAkkermansia muciniphila is a prominent mucin‐degrading bacterium that acts as a keystone species in regulating the human gut microbiota. Despite recently increasing research into this bacterium and its relevance to human health, a high‐resolution database of its functional proteins remains scarce. Here, we provide a proteomic overview of A. muciniphila grown in different nutrient conditions ranging from defined to complex. Of 2318 protein‐coding genes in the genome, we identified 841 (40%) that were expressed at the protein level. Overall, proteins involved in energy production and carbohydrate metabolism indicate that A. muciniphila relies mainly on the Embden‐Meyerhof‐Parnas pathway, and produces short‐chain fatty acids through anaerobic fermentation in a nutrient‐specific manner. Moreover, this bacterium possesses a broad repertoire of glycosyl hydrolases, together with putative peptidases and sulfatases, to cleave O‐glycosylated mucin. Of them, putative mucin‐degrading enzymes (Amuc_1220, Amuc_1120, Amuc_0052, Amuc_0480, and Amuc_0060) are highly abundant in the mucin‐supplemented media. Furthermore, A. muciniphila uses mucin‐derived monosaccharides as sources of energy and cell wall biogenesis. Our dataset provides nutrient‐dependent global proteomes of A. muciniphila ATCC BAA‐835 to offer insights into its metabolic functions that shape the composition of the human gut microbiota via mucin degradation.
Severity of respiratory disease is correlated with time of first oral feeding and need for a gastrostomy tube at discharge in premature infants born at <30 weeks of gestation
Authors: Anderson Emily , Gregoski Mathew J. , Gehle Daniel , Head William T. , Hardy Kris Thomas , Chapman Alison , Ryan Rita M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPremature infants who cannot achieve full oral feeds may need a gastrostomy tube (GT) to be discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We previously developed a model to predict which infants born <30 weeks (w) gestational age (GA) will require a GT before discharge. Here we report the detailed respiratory variable data to describe the general respiratory course for infants in the NICU < 30 w GA at birth and the association between different levels of respiratory support with postmenstrual age (PMA) at the time of first oral feeding attempt (PMAff), including later need for GT for discharge.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 391 NICU admissions comprising test (2015–2016) and validation (2017–2018) cohorts. Data, including respiratory support, were collected on 204 infants, 41 GT and 163 non‐GT, in the test cohort, and 187 infants, 37 GT, and 150 non‐GT, in the validation cohort.ResultsRespiratory data were significantly different between GT and non‐GT infants. Infants who required GT for discharge were on significantly higher respiratory support at 30 days of age, 32 w PMA, and 36 w PMA. Respiratory parameters were highly correlated with PMAff.ConclusionRespiratory status predicts PMAff, which was the variable in our previously described model that was most predictive of failure to achieve full oral feeding. These data provide a catalyst to develop strategies for improving oral feeding outcome for infants requiring prolonged respiratory support in the NICU.
Stability and fitness cost associated with spirotetramat resistance in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)
Authors: Ijaz Mamuna , Shad Sarfraz A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) is an important pest of cotton and causing economic losses to this crop. It also remains active round the year, infesting a number of host plants. Spirotetramat is a systemic insecticide and is effective against many sucking insect pests. A field collected population of O. hyalinipennis was reared in the laboratory under continuous spirotetramat selection pressure for 21 generations for the development of resistance to spirotetramat. The Spiro‐Sel population was further reared for seven generations without insecticide exposure to assess the stability of spirotetramat resistance. Leaf dip method was used for the bioassays and selection. In this study, the impact of spirotetramat resistance on its stability and life history traits of Spiro‐Sel, C1 (15 Spiro‐Sel♀ × 15 UNSEL ♂) and C2 (15 Spiro‐Sel♂ × 15 UNSEL ♀) O. hyalinipennis was assessed.RESULTSSpiro‐Sel (G21) population developed 2333‐fold and 20.83‐fold resistance compared with the susceptible and unselected (UNSEL) populations, respectively. Resistance to spirotetramat was unstable after seven generations (G28) when reared without exposure to any insecticide. A significant reduction in overall nymphal survival, fecundity, egg hatching and net reproductive rate of Spiro‐Sel population was observed when compared with UNSEL population. Intrinsic rate of natural increase, biotic potential and mean relative growth rate were also lower in Spiro‐Sel population compared to UNSEL population. The Spiro‐Sel, C1 and C2 population had a relative fitness of 0.44, 0.51 and 0.44, respectively.CONCLUSIONResults of our study suggested that fitness cost is involved in the development of spirotetramat resistance. Unstable resistance and high fitness cost may provide great benefits to limit the evolution of resistance to spirotetramat in O. hyalinipennis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A new approach to extended‐range multimodel forecasting: Sequential learning algorithms
Authors: Gonzalez Paula L. M. , Brayshaw David J. , Ziel Florian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMultimodel combinations are a well‐established methodology in weather and climate prediction and their benefits have been widely discussed in the literature. Typical approaches involve combining the output of different numerical weather prediction (NWP) models using constant weighting factors, either uniformly distributed or determined through a prior skill assessment. This strategy, however, can lead to suboptimal levels of skill, as the performance of NWP models can vary with time (e.g., seasonally varying skill, changes in the forecasting system). Moreover, standard combination methods are not designed to incorporate predictions derived from sources other than NWP systems (e.g., climatological or time‐series forecasts). New algorithms developed within the machine learning community provide the opportunity for “online prediction” (also referred to as “sequential learning”). These methods consider a set of weighted predictors or “experts” to produce subsequent predictions in which the combination or “mixture” is updated at each step to optimize a loss or skill function. The predictors are highly flexible and can combine both NWP and statistically derived forecasts transparently. A set of these online prediction methods is tested and compared with standard multimodel combination techniques to assess their usefulness. The methods are general and can be applied to any model‐derived predictand. A set of weather‐sensitive European country‐aggregate energy variables (electricity demand and wind power) is selected for demonstration purposes. Results show that these innovative methods exhibit significant skill improvements (i.e., between 5 and 15% improvement in the probabilistic skill) with respect to standard multimodel combination techniques for lead weeks up to 5. The incorporation of statistically derived predictors (based on historical climate data) alongside NWP forecasts is also shown to contribute significant skill improvements in many cases.
Behaviour of aerosols and their role in the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2; a scoping review
Authors: Robles‐Romero José Miguel , Conde‐Guillén Gloria , Safont‐Montes Juan Carlos , García‐Padilla Francisca María , Romero‐Martín Macarena 
Published: October 2021

SummaryCovid‐19 has triggered an unprecedented global health crisis. The highly contagious nature and airborne transmission route of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus requires extraordinary measures for its containment. It is necessary to know the behaviour of aerosols carrying the virus to avoid this contagion. This paper describes the behaviour of aerosols and their role in the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 according to published models using a scoping review based on the PubMed, Scopus, and WOS databases. From an initial 530 references, 9 papers were selected after applying defined inclusion criteria. The results reinforce the airborne transmission route as a means of contagion of the virus and recommend the use of face masks, extending social distance to more than 2 metres, and natural ventilation of enclosed spaces as preventive measures. These results contribute to a better understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 and help design effective strategies to prevent its spread.
Managing the trade‐off between groundwater resources and large‐scale agriculture: the case of pistachio production in Iran
Authors: Akhavan Ali , Gonçalves Paulo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBenefiting from historically favorable conditions (e.g. low costs, fertile land, and abundant water), pistachio producers in Rafsanjan, Iran, have flourished, with pistachio orchards and production growing dramatically since the 1970s. Today, however, the enormous increase in water consumption associated with pistachio production has severely depleted groundwater aquifers, causing widespread water shortages in the region. In this article, we develop a comprehensive system dynamics model, combining the agronomic, economic, hydrologic, and behavioral aspects to analyze the long‐term implications of pistachio production. Our research contributes to the literature of agricultural water management in three significant ways: (i) it provides a validated and quantitative model exploring pistachio farming for a region; (ii) it explicitly captures behavioral decision rules associated with orchard growth and production investment; and (iii) it addresses a natural common‐pool‐resources problem with very long‐time horizons. We consider several policies aimed at addressing the problem (e.g. water transfers, drip irrigation, financial subsidies, income tax, water pricing, and land purchasing). Our results suggest that policies that increase the effectiveness and efficiency of production (e.g. water transfer and drip irrigation respectively), albeit preferred by farmers, lead to better‐before‐worse results, depleting groundwater storage in the long term. Insights from the model can help policymakers have a better understanding of the unintended consequences of their policies. © 2021 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Reducing unnecessary thyroid fine needle aspirations using American College of Radiology's thyroid imaging reporting and data system: A 5‐year retrospective audit
Authors: Hayes Christopher , Shvarts Yasmin , Sewgolam Randhir , Nguyen Tri , Ussher Simon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the growing investigative imaging techniques available in medicine, increasing numbers of thyroid lesions are being identified, either symptomatically or as incidental findings. Ultrasonography remains a key first‐line investigation into evaluating these lesions, and accurately stratifying whether further investigation or management is required.MethodsThis study retrospectively analysed a 5‐year patient cohort (2013–2017) who underwent fine needle aspirate (FNA) investigation of thyroid lesions at a large regional public hospital in Victoria, Australia. We aimed to identify whether using the American College of Radiology's thyroid imaging reporting and data system (ACR TI‐RADS) in grading the initial ultrasound (US) images would have resulted in a reduction in the number of patients undergoing invasive testing and if all malignant lesions would still have been captured.ResultsApplication of TI‐RADS criteria retrospectively to the audited population demonstrated a theoretical 56.16% (n = 164) reduction in FNAs with 0.00% of malignant nodules missed (n = 14). Sensitivity for referral to FNA testing based on ACR TI‐RADS grading was high (100%) with a moderately low specificity (58.99%).ConclusionFurther management of thyroid lesions guided by ACR TI‐RADS grading on initial US assessment is recommended, due to significant potential reduction in FNAs performed without loss of sensitivity for malignant nodules.
Deep neural networks for genomic prediction do not estimate marker effects
Authors: Ubbens Jordan , Parkin Isobel , Eynck Christina , Stavness Ian , Sharpe Andrew G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGenomic prediction is a promising technology for advancing both plant and animal breeding, with many different prediction models evaluated in the literature. It has been suggested that the ability of powerful nonlinear models, such as deep neural networks, to capture complex epistatic effects between markers offers advantages for genomic prediction. However, these methods tend not to outperform classical linear methods, leaving it an open question why this capacity to model nonlinear effects does not seem to result in better predictive capability. In this work, we propose the theory that, because of a previously described principle called shortcut learning, deep neural networks tend to base their predictions on overall genetic relatedness rather than on the effects of particular markers such as epistatic effects. Using several datasets of crop plants [lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and Brassica carinata A. Braun], we demonstrate the network's indifference to the values of the markers by showing that the same network, provided with only the locations of matches between markers for two individuals, is able to perform prediction to the same level of accuracy.
Influence of dissolved organic matter on carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide formation from dimethyl sulfide during sunlight photolysis
Authors: Modiri Gharehveran Mahsa , Shah Amisha D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCarbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) are important atmospheric gases photochemically generated from organic sulfur precursors in sunlit natural waters. This study examined these processes by evaluating COS and CS2 photoproduction from dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM). DOM was added because it photochemically produces various reactive intermediates (3CDOM*, •OH, 1O2, and H2O2) potentially involved in these reaction pathways. DMS‐amended synthetic waters at pH 8 were varied in terms of their DOM type and concentration, spiked with the 3CDOM* quenching agent, phenol, in certain cases, and subsequently irradiated over varying exposure times. Results indicated that various DOM types ranging from freshwater to open‐ocean DOM increased COS but did not alter CS2, which remained at nondetect levels. DOM type influenced COS only at higher concentrations (20 mg/L), whereas increasing DOM concentrations proportionally increased COS concentrations for all DOM types. Phenol addition lowered COS formation for reasons that remained unclear because phenol likely quenched 3CDOM* and DMS‐derived sulfur‐based radicals. Further comparisons with DMS‐spiked natural waters and cysteine (CYS)‐spiked synthetic and natural waters assessed previously indicated that COS formation from both precursors in natural waters was always greater than in waters containing DOM alone.Practitioner Points

DMS‐ and DOM‐spiked synthetic waters formed COS but did not form CS2 during sunlight photolysis.
In DMS‐spiked synthetic solutions, DOM type has a limited influence on COS formation whereas DOM concentration has a stronger influence on COS formation.
COS formation in the DMS‐spiked synthetic waters was fairly proportional to the DOC concentration but was generally lower than COS formation in DMS‐spiked natural waters.
Synergic activity of oligostyrylbenzenes with amphotericin B against Candida tropicalis biofilms
Authors: Quinteros Melisa A. , Tolosa Juan , García‐Martínez Joaquín C. , Páez Paulina L. , Paraje María G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial drug resistance is a serious challenge in clinical settings worldwide, with biofilm formation having been associated with this problem. In the present study, the synergism of oligostyrylbenzene (OSB) compounds in combination with amphotericin B (AmB) against Candida tropicalis biofilms was investigated. In addition, the toxicity in human blood cells was determined. Synergistic combinations of OSBs and AmB were evaluated to consider future effects of OSBs in vivo. The checkerboard microdilution method was used to study the interactions of one anionic (1) and two cationic (2 and 3) OSBs with AmB. We investigated the effects of OSBs on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the levels of the reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs). The cellular stress affected biofilm growth through an accumulation of ROS and RNI, at synergistic concentrations of OSBs and AmB. Furthermore, significant surface topography differences were noted upon treatment with the OSB 2/AmB combination, using confocal laser scanning microscopy in conjunction with the image analysis software COMSTAT. The results revealed a low toxicity to leukocytes and red blood cells at synergistic combinations of cationic OSBs with AmB. These findings demonstrated the antibiofilm effects of OSBs and the synergism of AmB with cationic OSBs against biofilms of C. tropicalis for the first time.
Improved (g − 2)μ measurement and singlino dark matter in μ-term extended ℤ3-NMSSM
Authors: Cao Junjie , Lian Jingwei , Pan Yusi , Zhang Di , Zhu Pengxuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVery recently, a Fermilab report of muong−2 showed a 4.2σdiscrepancy between it and the standard model (SM) prediction. Motivated by this inspiring result and the increasing tension in supersymmetric interpretation of the anomalous magnetic moment, it is argued that in the general next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model (GNMSSM), a singlino-dominated neutralino can act as a feasible dark matter (DM) candidate in explaining the discrepancy naturally. In this case, the singlino-dominated DM and singlet-dominated Higgs bosons can form a secluded DM sector with$$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$χ~10χ~10→ hsAsresponsible for the measured DM relic abundance when$$ {m}_{{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0} $$mχ~10≳ 150 GeV and the Yukawa couplingκis around 0.2. This sector communicates with the SM sector by weak singlet-doublet Higgs mixing, so the scatterings of the singlino-dominated DM with nucleons are suppressed. Furthermore, due to the singlet nature of the DM and the complex mass hierarchy, sparticle decay chains in the GNMSSM are lengthened in comparison with the prediction of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. These characteristics lead to sparticle detection at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) being rather tricky. This study surveys a specific scenario of the GNMSSM, which extends the ℤ3-NMSSM by adding an explicitμ-term, to reveal the features. It indicates that the theory can readily explain the discrepancy of the muon anomalous magnetic moment without conflicting with the experimental results in DM and Higgs physics, and the LHC searches for sparticles.
The $${\mathcal {H}}$$-tautological ring
Authors: Lian Carl 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe extend the theory of tautological classes on moduli spaces of stable curves to the more general setting of moduli spaces of admissible Galois covers of curves, introducing the so-called $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
-tautological ring. The main new feature is the existence of restriction-corestriction morphisms remembering intermediate quotients of Galois covers, which are a rich source of new classes. In particular, our new framework includes classes of Harris–Mumford admissible covers on moduli spaces of curves, which are known in some (and speculatively many more) examples to lie outside the usual tautological ring. We give additive generators for the $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
-tautological ring and show that their intersections may be algorithmically computed, building on work of Schmitt-van Zelm. As an application, we give a method for computing integrals of Harris-Mumford loci against tautological classes of complementary dimension, recovering and giving a mild generalization of a recent quasi-modularity result of the author for covers of elliptic curves.
Effect of culture conditions on the performance of lignocellulose-degrading synthetic microbial consortia
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Elzenga Theo , van Elsas Jan Dirk 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we examined a synthetic microbial consortium, composed of two selected bacteria, i.e., Citrobacter freundii so4 and Sphingobacterium multivorum w15, next to the fungus Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1, with respect to their fate and roles in the degradation of wheat straw (WS). A special focus was placed on the effects of pH (7.2, 6.2, or 5.2), temperature (25 versus 28 °C), and shaking speed (60 versus 180 rpm). Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 consistently had a key role in the degradation process, with the two bacteria having additional roles. Whereas temperature exerted only minor effects on the degradation, pH and shaking speed were key determinants of both organismal growth and WS degradation levels. In detail, the three-partner degrader consortium showed significantly higher WS degradation values at pH 6.2 and 5.2 than at pH 7.2. Moreover, the two bacteria revealed up to tenfold enhanced final cell densities (ranging from log8.0 to log9.0 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL) in the presence of Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 than when growing alone or in a bacterial bi-culture, regardless of pH range or shaking speed. Conversely, at 180 rpm, fungal growth was clearly suppressed by the presence of the bacteria at pH 5.2 and pH 6.2, but not at pH 7.2. In contrast, at 60 rpm, the presence of the bacteria fostered fungal growth. In these latter cultures, oxygen levels were significantly lowered as compared to the maximal levels found at 180 rpm (about 5.67 mg/L, ~ 62% of saturation). Conspicuous effects on biomass appearance pointed to a fungal biofilm–modulating role of the bacteria.Key points• Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 has a key role in wheat straw (WS) degradation.• Bacterial impact shifts when conditions change.• pH and shaking speed are key drivers of the growth dynamics and WS degradation.