bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell Penetrating Peptides Mediated DNA-Free Transfection in Arabidopsis and Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Wu Han , Zhang Zhipeng , Zhu Kai , Ke Fulai , Zhang Fei , Zhang Yun , Feng Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The third-generation genome editing system CRISPR/Cas had shown strong application prospects in crop genetic improvement. However, this technology largely depends on genetic transformation. Public concerns on GMO (genetically modified organisms) safety, as well as related regulations, have restricted the application. Therefore, establishing DNA-free transfection system is important to promote CRISPR/Cas genome editing in agriculture.Results：In this paper, cell penetrating peptides fusion protein (CPP-mCherry) was found to be effective on DNA-free transfection. DNA sequences of nine tandem arginine (R9), one cysteine (cys), reporter mCherry and histidine label were sequentially constructed into pET 45B+ expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain. CPP-mCherry fusion protein can be induced by 1mM IPTG for at least 1 hour in 28 °C. CPP-mCherry fusion protein can be obtained by 200W ultrasonication, then purified by Ni column and MWCO dialysis. The Arabidopsis thaliana root tips and leaves, as well as Chinese cabbage microspores and 3-week-old microspore embryo can be used as transfected recipient. Concentration can be selected between 10-100μg/ml and incubated overnight at room temperature. R9-cys-mCherry protein can be translocated into the nucleus of microspore. The transfection efficiency of root tips reached 100% and of microspore and MDE was 8.13% and 94.79%, respectively. Conclusions: Here, a CPP mediated DNA-free transfection system was built in dicots. These results lay a technical foundation of DNA-free genome editing.
Efficacy of Doxycycline in treating COVID-19 Positive Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Meybody Zohreh Akhoundi , Owlia Mohammad Bagher , Owlia Sina , nasab Seyed Rohollah Mousavi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Given the high morbidity and mortality caused by Coronavrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), scientific research is necessary to achieve a proper treatment regimen. Since doxycycline is effective in reducing inflammatory factors, including IL-6 and TNF-alpha that play an important role in initiating cytokine storms and probably causing death in patients with COVID-19, its use is associated with low side effects, can be used orally, and is well tolerated, the present study was attempted to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline in the treatment of inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19.
Methods

This descriptive and prospective study was performed on inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 from September 14, 2020, to September 28, 2020. The patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 based on polymerase chain reaction test (PCR) from nasopharyngeal secretions or computerized tomography scan (CT). Patients who met the inclusion criteria received doxycycline at a dose of 100 mg every 12 hours for 7 days and then were evaluated on the baseline day and on days 3, 7, and 14 after admission for cough, Shortness of breath (SOB), temperature and oxygen saturation (O2 sat).
Results

Out of 21 patients, 11 patients were male and 10 patients were female. Three patients had diabetes, hypertension, and lymphoma. Only 2 patients were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), and no patients died. Cough, SOB, temperature, and O2 sat improved in both of outpatients and inpatients compared to baseline. In general, the results showed that doxycycline was more effective in improving cough, SOB, temperature, and O2 sat in outpatients than inpatients. No side effects were reported by the patients.
Conclusion

It can be concluded that doxycycline with the dose and duration prescribed in our study could play an effective role in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Its use improved patients’ cough, SOB, temperature, and O2 sat.
Ginsenoside Rb1 Improves Brain, Lung, and Intestinal Barrier Damage in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion/Reperfusion (MCAO/R) Mice Through the PPARγ Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen zhuo , Gong shuaishuai , Ren Yuchuan , wang jieman , Li Fang , Zhang YuanYuan , Kou Junping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIschemic stroke causes brain inflammation and multi-organ injury, in which the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway plays a key role. Studies have indicated that ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) can protect blood–brain barrier integrity after stroke. Here, we aimed to determine whether GRb1 can ameliorate brain/lung/intestinal barrier damage in mice with acute cerebral ischemia through the PPARγ signaling pathway. MethodAdult male ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice underwent right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 h with subsequent 24 h reperfusion to produce ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury, following which the mice were administered GRb1 (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The integrity of the brain, pulmonary, and intestinal barriers was assessed using an Evans blue leakage assay and connexin immunofluorescence staining. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of PPARγ and phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 was determined by western blot. ResultGRb1 significantly mitigated multi-organ injury and increased the expression of cerebral microvascular, pulmonary vascular, and intestinal epithelial connexins (claudin-5, occludin, and zona occludens 1 (ZO-1). In brain, lung, and intestinal tissues, GRb1 activated PPARγ, decreased phospho-NF-kB p65 levels, and inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby maintaining barrier permeability. However, cotreatment with GRb1 and the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 reversed the barrier-protective effect of GRb1.ConclusionThe results showed that GRb1 can improve brain/lung/intestinal barrier damage post-stroke through the PPARγ pathway.
Teardrop And Sourcil Line (TSL): A Novel Radiographic Sign That Predicts Residual Acetabular Dysplasia in DDH After Closed Reduction
Authors: Huang Peng , Wang Dahui , Mo Yueqiang , Zheng Yiming , Ning Bo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Residual acetabular dysplasia (RAD) is a major problem of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) after closed reduction (CR). Several parameters have been investigated as ways of predicting RAD; however, early prediction of RAD remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic sign of teardrop and sourcil line (TSL) in pediatric patients with DDH to enable prediction of RAD after CR early.Methods: One hundred and twenty-five hips with DDH treated with CR and followed up for at least 2 years were included in this study. The mean age at CR was 18.3 months (range, 9 to 32 months) and the average follow-up time was 44.2 months (range, 24 to 83 months). The acetabular index (AI) was measured at different time points. RAD was determined according to the modified Severin criteria. The cases were divided into two groups according to whether TSL became continuous or not. The relationships among TSL, AI and RAD were analyzed.Results: The RAD incidence was 73.6% (92/125) at the last follow-up. AI at CR and TSL were the prognostic factors for RAD (p=0.017 and 0.001, respectively). Thirty-four hips showed a continuous TSL. The mean time when TSL became continuous after CR was 20.9 months (range, 8 to 57 months). There was a lower RAD rate in the TSL continuous group (p<0.001). There was no statistical difference in the AI at CR between the TSL continuous and discontinuous groups; however, the level of AI after CR was lower in the TSL continuous group. In the TSL continuous group, there was no significant difference in the time at which TSL became continuous after CR between RAD and non-RAD hips.Conclusions: The TSL continuous group had a lower AI and incidence of RAD than the discontinuous group. The TSL can be a predictive factor of RAD in DDH after CR and can predict RAD at an earlier time than AI measurement.
Three-year trajectories in Functional Limitations and Cognitive Decline among Dutch 75+ year olds, using nine-month intervals
Authors: Gardeniers Maura , Groenou Marjolein Broese van , Meijboom Erik Jan , Huisman Martijn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Using longitudinal panel data, the aim of this study was to first identify three-year trajectories in cognitive and physical functioning among Dutch older adults. And second, to identify which main characteristics were associated with these trajectories.
Methods
Group-based Trajectory Modelling with mortality jointly estimated was used to identify trajectories, using a scale composed of 6 Activities of Daily Living (ADL) as a measure of physical functioning, and a short version of the mini mental status examination (sMMSE) or the IQCODE as a measure of cognitive functioning. Data came from 574 Dutch adults aged 75+, collected in five nine-month measurement waves conducted between 2015 and 2018 for the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.
Results
Five trajectories in physical functioning were identified: ‘high’, ‘moderate’, ‘steeply declining’, ‘gradually declining’, and ‘continuously low’. People that were older, lower educated, living in an institution, or suffered from diabetes or cerebrovascular accidents were more likely to follow a low or declining physical trajectory. For cognitive functioning four trajectories were identified: a ‘high’, ‘moderate’, ‘declining’, and ‘low’ trajectory. Old age, low education, living in an institution, and heart- and lung diseases were associated with continuously low or declining cognitive functioning. Mortality risks were highest among those experiencing the continuously low functioning trajectories.
Conclusions
This study identified trajectories comparable to previous studies that used longer time intervals, showing the consistent presence of heterogeneity in both physical and cognitive trajectories. Co-modelling mortality resulted in bigger group sizes for the more adverse trajectories. The favourable trajectories, containing most of the participants, were mostly characterized by absence of disease, whereas trajectories showing decline did not share a common indicator. Specific chronic diseases were associated with different rates of decline, however there was no factor that was associated with all declining trajectories; future research could focus on finding such an indicator.
Efficient Spectral Regulation in Ce:Lu3(Al,Cr)5O12 and Ce:Lu3(Al,Cr)5O12/Ce:Y3Al5O12 Transparent Ceramics With High Color Rendering Index for High-Power White LEDs/LDs
Authors: Zhou Tianyuan , Hou Chen , Zhang Le , Ma Yuelong , Kang Jian , Li Tao , Wang Rui , Huang Jin , Li Junwei , Wang Zhongying , Selim Farida A , Li Ming , Chen Hao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Realizing a high color rendering index (CRI) in Ce:LuAG transparent ceramics (TCs) with desired thermal stability is essential to their applications in white LEDs/LDs as color converters. In this study, based on the scheme of configuring the red component by Cr3+ doping, an efficient spectral regulation was realized in Ce,Cr:LuAG TCs. A unilateral shift could be observed in both PL and PLE spectra. By constructing TC-based white LED/LD devices in a remote excitation mode, luminescence properties of Ce,Cr:LuAG TCs were systematically investigated. The CRI values of Ce:LuAG TC based white LEDs could be increased by a magnitude of 46.2%. Particularly, by combining Ce,Cr:LuAG TCs with a 0.5 at.% Ce:YAG TC, a surprising CRI values of 88 and 85.5 were obtained in TC based white LEDs and LDs, respectively. Therefore, Ce,Cr:LuAG TC is a highly promising color convertor for high-power white LEDs/LDs applied in general lighting and displaying.
Disturbed Flow Induces Endothelial Dysfunction by Regulating Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein-Mediated Mitochondrial Energy Homoeostasis
Authors: Wang Yongshun , Liu Jingjin , Sun Xin , Yuan Jie , Liu Huadong , Chen Ruimian , Liao Bihong , Gong Haixia , Xia Zhengyuan , Dong Shaohong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Endothelial cells are highly sensitive to hemodynamic shear stresses, which act in the blood flow’s direction on the blood vessel’s luminal surface. Endothelial cells on that surface, thusly, are exposed to various physiological and pathological stimuli, such as disturbed flow-induced shear stress, which may exert effects on adaptive vascular diameter or structural wall remodeling. Here we showed that human endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow exhibited increased levels of thioredoxin-interactive protein (TXNIP) in vitro. On the other hand, deletion of human endothelial TXNIP increased capillary formation, NO production and mitochondrial function, as well as lessened oxidative stress response and endothelial cell inflammation. Additional beneficial impacts from TXNIP deletion were also seen in a glucose utilization study, as reflected by augmented glucose uptake, lactate secretion and extracellular acidification rate. Taken together, our results suggested that TXNIP is a key component involved in mediating shear stress-induced inflammation, energy homeostasis, and glucose utilization, ultimately establishing it as a potentially novel endothelial dysfunction regulator.
Microbiota–Muscle/–Immune Interactions in Rhesus Macaque under Simulated Weightlessness Revealed by Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Peng , Shao Libin , Zhang Jie , Wang Lu , Yuan Huimei , Pang Xiangsheng , Fan Guangyi , Peng Ling , Kan Guanghan , Li Wenjiong , Liang Xinming , Liu Xin , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLong-term exposure to microgravity during spaceflight has adverse effects on human health including muscle atrophy, impaired immune function, and alterations in gut microbiome profile. Gut microorganisms influence a wide range of host biological processes, but their interactions with skeletal muscle and the immune system under microgravity are not known. MethodsRhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were subjected to -6° head-down tilted bed rest (HDBR) for 6 weeks. Fecal samples, skeletal muscle tissue, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected for metagenomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses respectively and further integrated for a multi-omics analysis.ResultsHDBR resulted in significantly altered taxon abundance in 1 class, 5 orders, 11 families, 55 genera, and 122 species of microbes. We also identified the significantly changed metabolites in atrophied muscles, including some crucial metabolites (such as L-alanine and L-carnitine) and hub metabolites (such as pyridoxamine and epinephrine) involved in energy metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis of PBMCs revealed genes related to leukocyte activation, differentiation, and interleukin-2 production that were differentially expressed as a result of HDBR exposure. By integrating multi-omics analysis, we identified 3 bacterial genera (Klebsiella, Kluyvera, and Bifidobacterium) that were closely associated with immune dysfunction and 5 (including Oligella, Sporosarcina, Citrobacter, Weissella, and Myroide) that were associated with abnormal metabolism of amino acids in atrophied muscles induced by HDBR. Of note, the reduced abundance of butyrate-producing colon bacteria Eubacterium, Roseburia and their cross-feeding bacteria Bifidobacteria may contribute to both the impaired immune function and muscle atrophy caused by HDBR.ConclusionsWe first reported the HDBR-associated changes in gut microbiota composition, metabolomics of skeletal muscle and transcripts of PBMCs in non-human primate. Particularly, we revealed the underlying microbiota-muscle and microbiota-immune interactions during simulated microgravity, implicating that modulation of gut microbiota may represent a new strategy in enhancing crewmembers’ health and safety during long-term space expeditions.
The Intestinal Microbiome Primes Host Innate Immunity Against Enteric Virus Systemic Infection Through Type I Interferon
Authors: Yang Xiao-Lian , Wang Gan , Xie Jin-Yan , Li Han , Liu Wei , Zhu Shu Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIntestinal microbiomes are of vital importance in antagonizing systemic viral infection. However, very little literature has shown whether commensal bacteria play a crucial role in protecting enteric virus systemic infection from the aspect of modulating host innate immunity. Also, only a few specific commensal bacteria species have been revealed to be capable in regulating antiviral innate immune responses mediated by type I interferon (IFN). The underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated.ResultsWe utilized an enteric virus, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) to inoculate PBS-treated or antibiotic cocktail-administrated mice (Abx) orally or intraperitoneally to examine the impact of microbiota depletion on virulence and viral replication in vivo. Microbiota depletion exacerbated the mortality, neuropathogenesis, viremia and viral burden in brain following EMCV infection. Furthermore, Abx-treated mice exhibited severely diminished macrophage activation and impaired type I IFN production and ISG expression in PBMC, spleen or brain. With the help of fecal bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing of PBS and Abx mice, we identified a single commensal bacterium Blautia coccoides (B. coccoides) that can restore macrophage- and IFNAR-dependent type I IFN responses to restrict systemic enteric virus infection.ConclusionOur present study demonstrates that intestinal microbiome is fundamental for protecting from enteric virus systemic infection through activating macrophages and type I IFN responses. Reconstitution with B. coccoides can inhibit enteric virus infection and mitigate its neuropathogenesis by activating IFN-I and ISG responses in macrophages via IFNAR- and STAT1-mediated signaling pathway.
Co-occurence of Secretory Immunoglobulin A-Coated Bacteria in Maternal Gut, Breast Milk, and Infant Gut in Humans
Authors: Qi Ce , Ding Mengfan , Xiao Hang , Li Duo , Chen Daozhen , Zhou Qin , Yu Renqiang , Sun Jin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGut microbiota promote and maintain infant health. Vertical transmission of bacteria from the maternal gut through breast milk to an infant is an important source of microbial colonisation in human offspring. However, the causative active/culturable bacteria and mechanisms responsible for their mother-neonate vertical transfer via breastfeeding remain unclear. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) may mediate this vertical transmission; however, evidence supporting this hypothesis is required. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether sIgA-coated bacteria in the maternal intestine may migrate to breast milk and colonise the infant gut.ResultsMaternal faeces, breast milk, and neonatal faeces were collected from 19 mother-infant dyads during lactation stages specific to colostrum, transitional, and mature milk. sIgA-coated bacteria were enriched using magnetic-activated cell sorting, and live bacteria were cultured in lactic acid bacteria- and gut bacteria-specific medium. 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that microbiota diversity in maternal faeces, breast milk, and infant faeces decreased sequentially from colostrum to transitional milk to mature milk. Significant beta diversity existed between sample types (p < 0.05). However, high similarity was found between sIgA-coated microbiota of the three types of samples at the mature milk stage. Source track analysis showed that sIgA-coated microbiota in breast milk and maternal gut are major contributors of sIgA-coated microbiota in infant gut. Genera with co-occurrence in sample types included Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Klebsiella, Escherichia-Shigella, and an unclassified genus of Enterobacteriaceae. Shotgun sequencing of three dyads identified co-occurring species Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, including Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jonsonii, Lactobacillus oris, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve. Conclusions﻿Breastmilk and infant faeces samples showed unique microbial composition and diversity in the three lactation stages. The fractions of sIgA-coated microbiota in maternal faeces, breast milk, and infant gut showed similar bacterial abundance patterns. This study will facilitate development of strategies to adjust aberrant microbial establishment and reduce the risk of disease by providing essential information for effective probiotic administration to the neonate and/or breastfeeding mother.
Improvement in Growth and Yield Attributes of Cluster Bean Through Optimization of Sowing Time and Plant Spacing Under Climate Change Scenario
Authors: Hussain Ibrar , Ali Muqarrab , Modaihsh Abdullah , Shahzad Khurram , Farooq Omer , Iqbal Shahid , Nawaz Fahim , Ahmad Shakeel , Akthar Lal Hussain , Iqbal Muhammad Mazhar , Fahad Shah , Ghoneim Adel , Danish Subhan , TABAN Süleyman , Datta Rahul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) yield have plateaued due to reduction in rainfall and rise in temperature. Therefore, its production cycle could not get appropriate water and temperature. It becomes important to standardize sowing time and plant spacing of cluster bean in changing climate scenario to get higher productivity. Therefore, a field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of four sowing times (15th May, 1st June, 15th June, and 1st July) and three plant spacings (10, 12 and 15 cm) on crop growth, yield, and physiological functions of cluster bean genotype BR-2017. The sowing times (15th May, 1st June, 15th June, and 1st July) were placed in the main plot while plant spacing (10, 12 and 15 cm) were maintained in subplots. Results showed that 1st June sowing performed better over 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July while plant spacing 15 cm about in all sowing times showed higher results on growth and yield parameters of cluster bean over plant spacing 10, 12, and 15 cm. The 1st June sowing time at 15 cm plant spacing showed 8.0, 22.7, and 28.5% higher grains pod-1 as compared to 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July sowing respectively. The chord diagram clearly indicates that the crop has received optimum environmental conditions when sown 1st June over other sowing times. In conclusion, 1st June sowing with 15 cm plant spacing could be a good option to achieve maximum productivity of cluster bean under changing climate scenario.