bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mechanistic view on lodging resistance in rye and wheat: a multiscale comparative study
Authors: Muszynska Aleksandra , Guendel Andre , Melzer Michael , Tandron Moya Yudelsy Antonia , Röder Marion S. , Rolletschek Hardy , Rutten Twan , Munz Eberhard , Melz Gilbert , Ortleb Stefan , Borisjuk Ljudmilla , Börner Andreas 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe development of crop varieties that are resistant to lodging is a top priority for breeding programmes. Herein, we characterize the rye mutant ´Stabilstroh’ (‘stable straw’) possessing an exceptional combination of high lodging resistance, tall posture and high biomass production. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging displayed the 3‐dimensional assembly of vascular bundles in stem. A higher number of vascular bundles and a higher degree of their incline were the features of lodging‐resistant versus lodging‐prone lines. Histology and electron microscopy revealed that stems are fortified by a higher proportion of sclerenchyma and thickened cell walls, as well as some epidermal invaginations. Biochemical analysis using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry further identified elevated levels of lignin, xylan, zinc and silicon as features associated with high lodging resistance. Combined effects of above features caused superior culm stability. A simplistic mathematical model showed how mechanical forces distribute within the stem under stress. Main traits of the lodging‐resistant parental line were heritable and could be traced back to the genetic structure of the mutant. Evaluation of lodging‐resistant wheat ‘Babax’ (‘Baviacora’) versus contrasting, lodging‐prone, genotype ´Pastor´ agreed with above findings on rye. Our findings on mechanical stability and extraordinary culm properties may be important for breeders for the improvement of lodging resistance of tall posture cereal crops.
CARD14‐associated papulosquamous eruption (CAPE) in pediatric patients: Three additional cases and review of the literature
Authors: Frare Cindy P. , Blumstein Alli J. , Paller Amy S. , Pieretti Lia , Choate Keith A. , Bowcock Anne M. , Larralde Margarita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCARD14‐associated papulosquamous eruption (CAPE) is a proposed term that encompasses features ranging from psoriasis to pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) in association with CARD14 mutations. The early onset of the disease, prominent facial involvement, family history of an autosomal dominant trait, and poor response to conventional treatment are characteristics of CAPE that distinguish it from classical psoriasis and PRP. We describe the clinical features, family history, and response to therapy in three unrelated children with CAPE and compare these characteristics with those of previously described pediatric patients. Testing for CARD14 mutations in children with early onset of features of psoriasis or pityriasis rubra pilaris and resistance to conventional therapy should be considered.
Morphology, phylogeny, and pathogenicity of Trichothecium, Alternaria, and Fusarium species associated with panicle rot on Chenopodium quinoa in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Yin Hui , Zhou Jian‐Bo , Chen Ya‐Lei , Ren Lu , Qin Nan , Xing Yan‐Li , Zhao Xiao‐Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuinoa panicle rot (QPR) is a novel disease that poses a significant threat to quinoa production in China. Typical symptoms on panicles include a film of pale pink, grey‐white, or dark brown mould on the grains during the grain‐filling stage. Furthermore, QPR causes quinoa grain discolouration, unfilling, and malformation. In total, 37 isolates were identified as belonging to three species: Trichothecium roseum (nine isolates), Alternaria alternata (12), and Fusarium citri (16) based on morphology, and phylogenetic and pathogenicity characterization. The present study shows for the first time that T. roseum, A. alternata, and F. citri are the pathogens responsible for QPR. An evaluation of the growth and germination rates revealed a significant difference among the three species, with T. roseum and F. citri isolates having higher fitness in warmer (25–30℃) and humid conditions (water activity ≥0.98). However, A. alternata preferred cooler (20–25℃) and more arid conditions, and germinated in a wide range of water activities (water activity of 0.90–1.00). Among the three species, T. roseum and F. citri are probably responsible for the pink and grey diseased grains in humid regions, and A. alternata for the black‐brown diseased grains in arid regions. Pathogenicity tests showed that all three species could infect the quinoa panicles. The results of this study provide a basis for the recognition and management of QPR.
Algorithmic regulation: A maturing concept for investigating regulationofandthroughalgorithms
Authors: Ulbricht Lena , Yeung Karen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper offers a critical synthesis of the articles in this Special Issue with a view to assessing the concept of “algorithmic regulation” as a mode of social coordination and control articulated by Yeung in 2017. We highlight significant changes in public debate about the role of algorithms in society occurring in the last five years. We also highlight prominent themes that emerge from the contributions, illuminating what is distinctive about the concept of algorithmic regulation, reflecting upon some of its strengths, limitations, and its relationship with the broader research field. In closing, we argue that the core concept is valuable and maturing. It has evolved into an analytical bridge that fosters cross‐disciplinary development and analysis in ways that enrich its early “skeletal” form, thereby enabling careful and context‐sensitive analysis of algorithmic regulation in concrete settings while facilitating critical reflection concerning the legitimacy of existing and proposed regulatory regimes.
Assessing the Impacts of COVID‐19 on the Industrial Sectors and Economy of China
Authors: Tan Ling , Wu Xianhua , Guo Ji , Santibanez‐Gonzalez Ernesto D.R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince December 2019, the COVID‐19 epidemic has been spreading continuously in China and many countries in the world, causing widespread concern among the whole society. To cope with the epidemic disaster, most provinces and cities in China have adopted prevention and control measures such as home isolation, blocking transportation, and extending the Spring Festival holiday, which has caused a serious impact on China's output of various sectors, international trade, and labor employment, ultimately generating great losses to the Chinese economic system in 2020. But how big is the loss? How can we assess this for a country? At present, there are few analyses based on quantitative models to answer these important questions. In the following, we describe a quantitative‐based approach of assessing the potential impact of the COVID‐19 epidemic on the economic system and the sectors taking China as the base case. The proposed approach can provide timely data and quantitative tools to support the complex decision‐making process that government agencies (and the private sector) need to manage to respond to this tragic epidemic and maintain stable economic development. Based on the available data, this article proposes a hypothetical scenario and then adopts the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to calculate the comprehensive economic losses of the epidemic from the aspects of the direct shock on the output of seriously affected sectors, international trade, and labor force. The empirical results show that assuming a GDP growth rate of 4–8% in the absence of COVID‐19, GDP growth in 2020 would be ‐8.77 to ‐12.77% after the COVID‐19. Companies and activities associated with transportation and service sectors are among the most impacted, and companies and supply chains related to the manufacturing subsector lead the economic losses. Finally, according to the calculation results, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: disaster recovery for key sectors such as the labor force, transportation sector, and service sectors should be enhanced; disaster emergency rescue work in highly sensitive sectors should be carried out; in the long run, precise measures to strengthen the refined management of disaster risk with big data resources and means should be taken.
Uniform asymptotic expansions for Lommel, Anger‐Weber, and Struve functions
Authors: Dunster T. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing a differential equation approach, asymptotic expansions are rigorously obtained for Lommel, Weber, Anger–Weber, and Struve functions, as well as Neumann polynomials, each of which is a solution of an inhomogeneous Bessel equation. The approximations involve Airy and Scorer functions, and are uniformly valid for large real order and unbounded complex argument . An interesting complication is the identification of the Lommel functions with the new asymptotic solutions, and in order to do so, it is necessary to consider certain sectors of the complex plane, as well as introduce new forms of Lommel and Struve functions.
Continuous renal replacement therapy under special conditions like sepsis, burn, cardiac failure, neurotrauma, and liver failure
Authors: Davenport Andrew , Honore Patrick M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContinuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in sepsis does have a role in removing excessive fluid, and also role in removal of mediators although not proven today, and to allow fluid space in order to feed. In these conditions, continuous renal replacement therapy can improve morbidity but never mortality so far. Regarding sepsis, timing has become a more important issue after decades and is currently more discussed than dosing. Rationale of blood purification has evolved a lot in the last years regarding sepsis with the discovery of many types of sorbent allowing ideas from science fiction to become reality in 2021. Undoubtedly, COVID‐19 has reactivated the interest of blood purification in sepsis but also in COVID‐19. Burn is even more dependent about removal of excessive fluid as compared to sepsis. Regarding cardiac failure, ultrafiltration can improve the quality of life and morbidity when diuretics are becoming inefficient but can never improve mortality. Regarding brain injury, CRRTs have several advantages as compared to intermittent hemodialysis. In liver failure, there have been no randomized controlled trials to examine whether single‐pass albumin dialysis offers advantages over standard supportive care, and there is always the cost of albumin.
Brexit, COVID‐19, and attitudes toward immigration in Britain
Authors: Pickup Mark , de Rooij Eline A. , van der Linden Clifton , Goodwin Matthew J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveA key issue in Britain's referendum on European Union membership was the free movement of labor into Britain, with Brexit “Leavers” having more negative attitudes toward immigrants than “Remainers.” Such anti‐immigrant attitudes are driven by feelings of threat. The coronavirus pandemic presented a new threat in the context of ongoing Brexit negotiations. This paper examines how the COVID‐19 pandemic affected anti‐immigrant attitudes and how these effects differ between Leavers and Remainers.MethodsUsing an online survey in Spring 2020 of 3,708 individuals residing in the UK, we experimentally test the effect of priming COVID‐19 thoughts on anti‐immigrant attitudes, and examine whether this effect varies by Brexit identity.ResultsWe show that COVID‐19 may exacerbate anti‐immigrant attitudes among Leavers while having little effect on Remainers.ConclusionThese findings support the idea that the coronavirus pandemic might have presented a new, viral, threat that heightened anti‐immigrant attitudes among certain political identities.
Conservatism and infrequent mask usage: A study of US counties during the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic
Authors: Gonzalez Kelsey E. , James Rina , Bjorklund Eric T. , Hill Terrence D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention eventually recommended wearing masks in public to slow the spread of the coronavirus, the practice has been unevenly distributed in the United States.MethodsIn this article, we model county‐level infrequent mask usage as a function of three pillars of conservatism: (1) Republican political leadership (percentage of votes for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election), (2) conservative Protestantism (percentage evangelical Christian), and (3) right‐wing media consumption (Google searches for Fox News).ResultsOur analyses indicate that mask usage tends to be lower in counties with greater support for President Trump (in majority Trump counties), counties with more evangelical Christians, and areas with greater interest in Fox News.ConclusionGiven the effectiveness of masks in limiting the transmission of respiratory droplets, conservative ideological resistance to public health and recommended pandemic lifestyles may indirectly support the spread of the coronavirus.
Empowering equity: Striving for socio‐economic equity in the Aotearoa New Zealand health workforce
Authors: Thomson Rob , Baxter Joanne , Bristowe Zoë , Crampton Peter , Rangi Ana , Spears Angela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of diversity in the health workforce is partly due to selection criteria for health professional programmes that have not selected students from a wide range of backgrounds. Consequently, health care professionals from minority groups and lower socio‐economic backgrounds are under‐represented in the workforce.ApproachThe Socioeconomic Equity (EQ) support programme aims to increase the participation, retention and academic success of students from low socio‐economic communities studying in health professional programmes at the University of Otago. At the start of the academic year, students who had attended a secondary school from a low socio‐economic community were invited to take part in the EQ Programme. This includes group workshops on study skills, guidance from peer mentors, subject specific academic support, one‐on‐one course advice and pastoral support and activities to enhance self‐esteem and self‐efficacy.EvaluationComparing the first two years of the EQ project with the previous year, there was an increase in the percentage of students from schools in low socio‐economic communities that passed HSFY. It was also found that more EQ students were offered places in health professional programmes than in the previous year.ImplicationsThe percentage of students passing HSFY has increased, and importantly, the percentage of students from low socio‐economic backgrounds entering professional health programmes has doubled. This is a small start to building a health workforce that fairly reflects people from all communities.
Dengue virus detection in Lao PDR and Colombia: Comparative evaluation of PCR tests
Authors: Kann Simone , Blessmann Joerg , Winkelmann Yvonne , Hansen Jessica , Maya Amaya Leonardo J. , Rivera Salcedo Gadith E. , Halas Hussein El , Schmidt‐Chanasit Jonas , Keoviengkhone Latdamone , Sopraseuth Vatsana , Deschermeier Christina , Mika Angela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesDengue virus (DENV) detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) facilitates diagnosis of dengue fever, which is the most frequent arboviral disease globally. Two studies were performed in countries with high dengue incidence, to assess the diagnostic performance of different PCR techniques.Methods/ResultsTwo hundred and seventy‐nine acute phase blood samples from febrile patients were analyzed for DENV by the RealStar Dengue RT‐PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics) as gold standard in comparison with the Tropical Fever Core multiplex PCR (Fast Track Diagnostics). In total, 102 samples collected in Savannakhet Province (Lao PDR, Southeast Asia) in 2013 and 35 samples from Valledupar (Colombia, South America) tested positive for DENV by RealStar RT‐PCR. In comparison, the Tropical Fever Core multiplex PCR detected 65.0% (65/102) and 68.6% (24/35) of these samples as positive for DENV in Savannakhet and Valledupar, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity of the multiplex PCR strongly correlated with viral load. A subset of DENV PCR‐confirmed samples was additionally tested by BNITM in house Dengue Type RT‐PCR in comparison with two commercial test kits (RealStar Dengue Type RT‐PCR [Altona Diagnostics], Dengue differentiation PCR [Fast Track Diagnostics]). The leading dengue serotype in Savannakhet was DENV‐3 (58% [29/50]), while DENV‐1 (53.8% [14/26]) was the predominant serotype found in samples collected in Valledupar by BNITM‐type PCR. However, three DENV serotypes were circulating in Valledupar and in Savannakhet. In 2015, additional studies found predominantly DENV‐4 (71% [12/17]) in Savannakhet.ConclusionsBoth studies emphasized that routine diagnostics in both regions will benefit from an expanded use of highly sensitive pan‐dengue PCRs.
Estimating Center of Mass Kinematics During Perturbed Human Standing Using Accelerometers
Authors: Hnat Sandra K. , Audu Musa L. , Triolo Ronald J. , Quinn Roger D. 
Published: August 2021

Estimating center of mass (COM) through sensor measurements is done to maintain walking and standing stability with exoskeletons. The authors present a method for estimating COM kinematics through an artificial neural network, which was trained by minimizing the mean squared error between COM displacements measured by a gold-standard motion capture system and recorded acceleration signals from body-mounted accelerometers. A total of 5 able-bodied participants were destabilized during standing through: (1) unexpected perturbations caused by 4 linear actuators pulling on the waist and (2) volitionally moving weighted jars on a shelf. Each movement type was averaged across all participants. The algorithm’s performance was quantified by the root mean square error and coefficient of determination (R2) calculated from both the entire trial and during each perturbation type. Throughout the trials and movement types, the average coefficient of determination was 0.83, with 89% of the movements with R2 > .70, while the average root mean square error ranged between 7.3% and 22.0%, corresponding to 0.5- and 0.94-cm error in both the coronal and sagittal planes. COM can be estimated in real time for balance control of exoskeletons for individuals with a spinal cord injury, and the procedure can be generalized for other gait studies.
Eclipsing Binary Systems XZ Per and BO Vul with Complex Variations in Orbital Periods
Authors: Khaliullina A. I. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The variations in the orbital periods of the eclipsing binary systems XZ Per and BO Vul have been studied. It has been shown that the variations in the orbital period of the eclipsing binary XZ Per are equally well represented as a superposition of the secular decrease and cyclic variations or as a sum of two cyclic variations. In the first case, the monotonic component can be a consequence of the loss of angular momentum by the system due to magnetic braking, while cyclic variations can be explained by the presence of a third body in the system or by the magnetic activity of the secondary component with a convective shell. In the second case, it is possible to assume the presence of two additional bodies in the system, or to attribute one of the period oscillations to the light-time effect, and the other to the magnetic activity of the secondary component. The variations in the orbital period of the eclipsing binary system BO Vul can be represented as a superposition of the secular decrease and cyclic variations. The observed cyclic variations in the period can occur due to the presence of a third body in the system or due to the magnetic activity of the secondary component with a convective shell.
One time a day mometasone/indacaterol fixed-dose combination versus two times a day fluticasone/salmeterol in patients with inadequately controlled asthma: pooled analysis from PALLADIUM and IRIDIUM studies
Authors: Chapman Kenneth , van Zyl-Smit Richard , Maspero Jorge , Kerstjens Huib A M , Gon Yasuhiro , Hosoe Motoi , Tanase Ana-Maria , Pethe Abhijit , Shu Xu , D’Andrea Peter 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundDespite currently available standard-of-care inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β2-agonist therapies, a substantial proportion of patients with asthma remain inadequately controlled. This pooled analysis evaluated efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate (MF/IND) versus fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate (FLU/SAL) in patients with inadequately controlled asthma.MethodsThis analysis included patients from PALLADIUM (NCT02554786) and IRIDIUM (NCT02571777) studies who received high-dose MF/IND (320/150 µg) or medium-dose MF/IND (160/150 µg) one time a day or high-dose FLU/SAL (500/50 µg) two times a day for 52 weeks. Reduction in asthma exacerbations, improvement in lung function, asthma control, and safety were evaluated for 52 weeks.ResultsIn total, 3154 patients (high-dose MF/IND, n=1054; medium-dose MF/IND, n=1044; high-dose FLU/SAL, n=1056) were included. High-dose MF/IND showed 26%, 22% and 19% reductions in rate of severe, moderate or severe, and all (mild, moderate and severe) exacerbations versus high-dose FLU/SAL, respectively, over 52 weeks (all, p<0.05). High-dose MF/IND improved trough FEV1versus high-dose FLU/SAL at weeks 26 (Δ, 43 mL, p=0.001) and 52 (Δ, 51 mL, p<0.001). Reductions in asthma exacerbation rate and improvement in trough FEV1with medium-dose MF/IND were comparable with high-dose FLU/SAL over 52 weeks. All treatments improved Asthma Control Questionnaire-7 score from baseline to 52 weeks with no difference between treatments. Safety was comparable between high-dose MF/IND and high-dose FLU/SAL.ConclusionsOne time a day, single-inhaler, high-dose MF/IND reduced asthma exacerbations and improved lung function versus two times a day, high-dose FLU/SAL in patients with inadequately controlled asthma. Similarly, improved outcomes were seen with one time a day, medium-dose MF/IND and two times a day, high-dose FLU/SAL, but at a lower ICS dose.
Systemic inflammation induced by exacerbation of COPD or pneumonia in patients with COPD induces cardiac troponin elevation
Authors: Søyseth Vidar , Kononova Natalia , Neukamm Anke , Holmedahl Nils Henrik , Hagve Tor-Arne , Omland Torbjorn , Einvik Gunnar 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundTroponin is a biomarker of myocardial injury. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), troponin is an important determinant of mortality after acute exacerbation. Whether acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) causes troponin elevation is not known. Here, we investigated whether troponin is increased in AECOPD compared to stable COPD.MethodsWe included 320 patients with COPD in the stable state and 63 random individuals from Akershus University hospital’s catchment area. All participants were ≥40 years old (mean 65·1 years, SD 7·6) and 176 (46%) were females. The geometric mean of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) was 6·9 ng/L (geometric-SD 2·6). They were followed regarding hospital admission for the subsequent 5 years.ResultsDuring the 5-year follow-up, we noted 474 hospitalisations: Totally, 150 and 80 admissions were due to AECOPD or pneumonia, respectively. The geometric mean ratio with geometric SE(GSE) between cTnT at admission and stable state in AECOPD and pneumonia was 1·27 (GSE=1.11, p=0·023) and 1·28 (GSE=1.14, p=0·054), respectively. After inclusion of blood leucocyte count and C reactive protein at hospitalisation, these ratios attenuated to zero. However, we estimated an indirect of AECOPD and pneumonia on the ratio between hs-cTnT at admission and the stable state to 1·16 (p=0·022) and 1·22 (p=0·008), representing 91% (95% CI 82% to 100%) and 95% (95% CI 83% to 100%) of the total effects, respectively.ConclusionAECOPD and pneumonia in patients with COPD is associated with higher cTnT levels. This association appears to be mediated by systemic inflammation.