bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic speech processing software – New sensitive tool for the assessment of nasality
Authors: Girish K.S. , Pushpavathi M. , Abraham Ajish K. , Vikram C. M. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Automatic speech processing (ASP) software is a nasality assessment tool. ASP studies focusing on investigating sentences to find nasality and correlating ASP scores with other objective assessment scores measuring nasality are scarce. Hence, the present study aimed at comparing the nasalance values of the ASP software with the nasometer in typically developing children (TDC) and children with repaired cleft palate (RCP) across different stimuli.

Methods:
Participants included 30 Kannada speaking TDC and 10 children with RCP (9–12 years). Speech stimuli (oral, nasal, and oronasal sentences) were recorded and the values were obtained from the ASP software as well as the nasometer. The following statistical tests were applied: mixed ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, paired samples t-test, independent samples t-test and Pearson's correlation.

Results:
Like nasometer, the nasalance values of ASP software were high for the nasal sentences followed by the oronasal sentences and the oral sentences, for both the populations. Higher nasalance values were found for children with RCP than for TDC across all the stimuli. Significant differences were found in nasalance values between the instruments in oral and oronasal sentences in TDC and nasal sentences and oronasal sentences in RCP. The nasalance values across the stimuli between nasometer and ASP software in both the groups showed no significant correlations.

Conclusions:
ASP software was successful in identifying nasalance in TDC and children with RCP. However, a major issue needs to be addressed concerning the dynamic range of the software and it has to be validated on a large number of populations.
Oro-facial clefts at a tertiary level hospital of eastern Nepal
Authors: Jaisani Mehul R. , Dongol Ashok , Acharya Pradeep , Yadav Anjani Kumar , Sagtani Alok , Pradhan Leeza , Jaisani Pallavi Vyas , Laverick Sean 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
There are only a few centers providing care to orofacial cleft patients across Nepal. However, no adequate data have been reported regarding the epidemiology, pattern, and association of cleft in children from eastern Nepal. The aim of the study was to study the epidemiological profile of cleft lip palate (CLP) patients reporting to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) in Dharan, Eastern Nepal.

Materials and Methods:
Data retrospectively retrieved from the cleft registry in the department of OMFS were tabulated and entered into Microsoft Excel 2000. Data of all the diagnosed nonsyndromic orofacial cleft patients attending BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences for treatment from August 2011 to August 2017 were used for the analysis. Incompletely filled records and syndromic cases were excluded.

Results:
Data of 220 orofacial clefts were analyzed which included 119 males and 101 females. Among these children with cleft, only 7 patients had direct family members and 18 patients had distant family members having the same condition. Among patients with CL (n = 151), left-sided CL (n = 85) was a more common presentation. Amongst patients with a cleft of the hard plate (n = 153), bilateral (n = 87) presentation was more common. A similar pattern was observed for cleft alveolus (n = 117) with the left side (n = 60) being common. In clefts affecting the soft palate (n = 192), complete cleft (n = 189) was a more common occurrence than incomplete. The majority of our patients had a CLP (n = 133) with isolated CL being the least commonly seen (n = 18).

Conclusion:
The majority of our patients had a CLP with isolated CL being the least common. This observation is in concordance with reports from other Caucasian and Asian populations both from developed and developing countries.
Esthetic outcome of cleft lip repair with the use of tissue adhesive as opposed to suture for skin closure – A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Rout Sunil Kumar , Panda Ritesh , Mallik Mainak 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Suture removal in infants and children operated for cleft lip is one of the cumbersome task for the surgeons because of missing compliance. For this reason, tissue adhesives have gained popularity among the surgeons as well as the patients over the past two decades for skin wound closure. Although there are several published reports of case series using tissue adhesive for skin closure during cleft lip repair, very few have established its advantage over conventional suture technique.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to compare the esthetic outcome of skin closure in cleft lip repair with suture technique and tissue adhesive, with respect to the quality of scar.

Methodology:
A retrospective observational study was conducted by analyzing the photographic records of patients who underwent surgical repair of cleft lip between January 2015 and December 2017. The patients were divided into two groups, one for whom skin closure performed with 5-0 monofilament polyamide suture and the other with tissue adhesive. Esthetic outcome in terms of the quality of scar was assessed using a 5 point Likert's scale by 10 independent observers who remained blind of the surgeon performed the surgery, to reduce the assessor-related bias to minimum. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 27.0 and the difference between mean scores of both the groups was calculated.

Results:
A total of 70 patients were included in this study with 35 in each group. The mean follow-up period of adhesive and the suture group was 13.97 and 17.85 months, respectively. Overall mean of the total scores of the entire patient population was 3.92 (+/[FIGURE DASH]0.38). For the tissue adhesive group, the mean score was 3.88 (+/[FIGURE DASH]0.367) and for the suture group, the mean score was 3.96 (+/[FIGURE DASH]0.401). The difference between mean scores of individual parameters of both the groups as well as the difference between the overall mean scores of both the groups was not found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The use of tissue adhesive for the closure of skin during cleft lip repair is as good as sutures, with respect to esthetic outcome of scar. Hence, any of these two techniques can be used for this purpose depending on the surgeon's preference.
Ayurveda approach to mucormycosis and other fungal infections
Authors: Karthik Kasimadom P. , Dileep Aparna , Rajagopala Shrikrishna , Mahapatra Arun K. , Dharmarajan Prasanth 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic angio-fungal infection that has resurfaced during the COVID-19 pandemic period due to multifarious reasons. Due to the limitations of current interventions associated with it, prevention is the recommended strategy. Ayurveda has a significant role to play in prevention, for which prior understanding of the condition in its own parlance is essential.

Materials and Methods:
Literature and research works from Ayurveda and Western biomedicine relevant to the subject were identified, screened, explored, and interpreted. The data obtained were grouped into three major criteria: etiological factors, disease patterns, and disease targets. These ideas were grouped to obtain a near-total picture of mucormycosis. A set of recommendations, including diet, regimen, single drugs, formulations, therapeutic procedures, and community-level interventions, were made on the basis of research evidence and textual indications.

Results and Discussion:
Mucormycosis is an exogenous condition that initially follows a common pathogenetic pattern, localizing at various sites to show diverging manifestations. Kapha and Pitta (especially in terms of Snigdha and Uṣna properties) play a major role in preventive and curative strategies in terms of food, regimen, medicine, and therapies.

Conclusion:
The current Ayurveda knowledge should be effectively used in diagnosing, staging, preventing, and rehabilitating the cases of mucormycoses. Their curative role as adjuvant and standalone therapies are to be subjected to further research.
Review of clinical and preclinical studies on Ayurveda drugs used in management of liver diseases
Authors: Sharma Bhavana , Sharma Meenakshi , Rai Shalini , More Anand B. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Liver disease has become a matter of public health concern. The worldwide prevalence of liver disease is rapidly increasing due to changes in our cultural and lifestyle norms. Western medicine is known to have serious adverse effects in patients with liver disease. Ayurveda is enriched with various herbo-mineral formulations and their efficacy and safety in treating liver disease has been evidenced in various forms of research. This potential of Ayurveda formulation can be utilized to treat liver disease. The present review is aiming at summarizing a well-organized and comprehensive analysis of various clinical and cell line studies using Ayurveda hepato-protective drugs.

Materials and Methods:
A thorough search was conducted in online databases of Google Scholar and PubMed on Ayurveda and modern drugs acting in liver disorders. Studies meeting our selection criteria were included and evaluated.

Observations and Results:
Eighty-six relevant articles were found, of which 55 were used in this review.

Conclusions:
Ayurveda drugs have been used for centuries in liver diseases of varied etiology. In this systematic analysis, a detailed description of reviewed studies on hepato-protective plants clearly indicates the efficacy and safety of widely used medicinal drugs used in alleviating chronic liver disease and that have an enormous potential to protect the liver from oxidative injury. It is inferred from the study that Ayurveda formulations can be used to combat various liver diseases both safely and efficiently.
A cross-sectional survey on awareness and practice of Ayurveda in COVID prevention and management among selected populations across Kerala
Authors: Subramanyan Dinesh Karayil , Balakrishnan Geethu , Sathian Anju 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Despite the known richness of traditional medicine in India, it has not been implemented successfully on a widespread scale in managing COVID-19.4 In this context, it was reported that the state of Kerala reduced the mortality rate and rapid spread of the infection in the first year of managing patients with COVID-19. This cross-sectional survey was conducted at the present juncture for analyzing the impact of Ayurveda amid a selected populate of Kerala for its facets of health practices, home remedies, lifestyle guidelines, and medicines.

Aims:
To study the extent of awareness among a selected population across the state of Kerala pertaining to the usage of Ayurveda medicine and lifestyle guidelines.

Settings and Design:
A structured questionnaire was developed on a web-based platform of the survey monkey application and was made available to 2688 people via social media groups.

Results:
Among the studied respondents across Kerala, a majority were aware about the existence of preventive medicine (75%) and Ayurveda treatment (67.5%) for COVID-19. Against this background, about 77.5% of people had undergone either Ayurveda treatment or home remedies and also 82.5% of people had changed their lifestyle with Ayurveda for the same.

Conclusion:
The population of India, in particular that of Kerala, are inextricably connected with Ayurveda through the multiple facets of their culture, food, and lifestyle guidelines. The people of Kerala are immensely acclimatized to adopt Ayurveda as an alternative system of medicine as it has been deep-rooted in their daily subsistence over ages and was well reflected here in this study.
Prakriti (constitution of body) and nutritional status in children
Authors: Kulkarni Reena , Manoj C. S. , Srilakshmi C. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Prakriti (constitution of body) signifies individuality and determines the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. It is a unique trait that is specific to individuals and it is determined at conception based on the predominance of dosha. Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Vata pitta, Pittakapha, Kaphavata, and Sannipataja are the seven types of Prakriti described in the classics. Nutritional status is the reflection of the quality of health as a result of a nutritious diet consumed and its optimum utilization in the body. prakriti influences individuals’ nutritional status via digestion; their metabolism; and also their physical, mental, and emotional characteristics.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of prakriti on the nutritional status of children aged 5–10 years.

Materials and Methods:
Children aged 5–10 years visiting an Ayurveda hospital for a routine health checkup were screened with a standard prakriti questionnaire. Their nutritional status was assessed in terms of their height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and BMI. Prakriti in relation to nutritional status was analyzed by using SPSS 20.

Results:
Among the 573 children screened, 22 children (3.8%) were of Vata prakriti, three children (0.5%) Pitta prakriti, 31(5.4%) Kapha prakriti, 97 (16.9%) Vata pitta, a maximum of 260 (45.3%) Vatakapha, and 160 (27.9%) Pittakapha prakriti. On analysis of nutritional status, 85 children were observed to be malnourished (14.8%), 125 underweight (21.8%), 215 normal (37.5%), 62 overweight (10.8%), and 86 obese (15.1%).

Conclusion:
The majority of children belonged to Dwandwa prakriti, especially Kapha dominant. Most children with Kapha dominance were well nourished and had a tendency of being overweight as compared with others. Children with Pitta predominant Prakriti were moderately nourished and had excellent metabolic activity, leading to a less chance for being overweight. Nutritional status correlates well with the Prakriti descriptions.
A Clinicopathological Study of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis in the Light of New Evolving Classification
Authors: Rahman D. M. Arifur , Asaduzzaman  , Tahmina Khandkar , Selim A. S. M. , Huq Mamun Mahafuzul 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a progressive disease with poor prognosis. An emerging consensus on classification based on immunofluorescence findings separates MPGN into two groups: immune complex-mediated MPGN and complement-mediated MPGN. This study was undertaken to investigate the clinical, biochemical, and histopathological parameters in-between these two groups histologically diagnosed as MPGN previously.

Materials and Methods:
We conduct a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out at the Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka during the period from June 2016 to December 2017. A total of 67 histologically diagnosed MPGN cases were enrolled in the study. Immunofluorescence evaluations were performed and correlated with retrospective clinical and biochemical data.

Results:
Immune complex-mediated MPGN and complement-mediated MPGN cannot be differentiated by histopathology. There were no significant differences between clinical (age, sex, clinical presentation) and biochemical (serum creatinine, C3 level, C4 level) parameters between immune complex-mediated MPGN and complement-mediated MPGN.

Conclusion:
Clinical and biochemical and histopathological parameters in-between these two groups of MPGN show no significant difference.
Sonographic Evaluation of Hydronephrosis in Pediatric Patients and Correlation with Intravenous Urography
Authors: Shomee Dewan Afsana , Sultana Mahmuda , Reza Md Shahin , Rahman Sk Muhammad Atiqur , Leema Elora Afroz , Fatema Kanij 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
This cross sectional study was carried out with an aim to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography (USG) in the evaluation of hydronephrosis (HDN) in pediatric age group.

Methodology:
The study was carried out from January 2017 to November 2017 in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Sir Salimullah Medical Collage and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. Eighty two patients aged from 1-18 years, admitted as suspected HDN were included as study subject.

Result:
In this study, the mean age of the patients was 6.31 (±3.34) years and 46.3% belonged to 5 years age group. Male and female ratio was approximately 2:1, 55 (67.1%) were male. Regarding the presenting complains, loin pain was most common (81.7%) feature. Recurrent urinary tract infection (URI) was observed in 52.4%, hematuria in 29.3%, flank mass in 18.3%, vomiting in 2.4% of the study patients. In every patient, with proper clinical evaluation, renal function test was done. After admission, in every patient USG and IVU was done in every patient. In IVU, it was found that 25.6% of cases had left sided HDN, 24.4% right sided HDN and 31.7% both sided HDN. In USG, out of 93 HDN cases in IVU, 85 were correctly diagnosed. The sensitivity was 91.4%. Out of 71 non-obstructed kidneys on USG, 68 were correctly assigned as non HDN, the specificity was 95.8%.

Conclusion:
This study findings showed USG to be a sensitive screening technique for excluding urinary tract obstruction.
Evaluation of condylar changes in relation to various malocclusions
Authors: Ouni Imed , Ammar Sinda , Charfeddine Abir , Chouchen Farah , Mansour Lamia 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Variability in the size and shape of mandibular condyles among individuals of different sexes and ages may appear as a remodeling process to accommodate malocclusion. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess whether or not associations exist between different types of malocclusions and morphological modifications of the mandibular condyle.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted on the Medline database via PubMed interface and supplemented by a manual search via Google Scholar to identify more articles reporting the subject of the review. A combination of controlled vocabulary was used in the search strategy and the final update was stopped on January 2021. The risk of bias was assessed based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Results and Discussion:
Considering the preestablished inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were retained with 2607 human subjects (967 males/1299 females and 341 not specified, age: 4–60 years). Eighty percent of the selected articles reported associations between malocclusion and morphological changes of the condylar head. Sagittal plane malocclusions produce more changes to the temporomandibular joint components (head of condyle and joint space) (71.93%), while vertical malocclusions lead to the most severe manifestations.

Conclusions:
Cone-beam computed tomography is the most useful tool for the assessment of osseous morphology of mandibular head condyles and detection of cortical erosion (21.7%). Associations between morphological changes of the condylar head and specific types of malocclusions were proven. However, there is still a need for more clinical studies.
Maxillary midline diastema among a group of Egyptian adult populations (prevalence and etiology)
Authors: Rashid Adel , Khalifa Ayman 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study was performed to identify the prevalence and etiological factors of maxillary midline diastema among a sample of adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in orthodontic private clinics in Qaloubya, Fayoum, and Giza governorates.

Patients and methods
Three hundred seventy-five patients (199 females and 176 males) were included in this study. The full records (intraoral photographies and radiographs) of all patients were examined and surveyed for the presence or absence of maxillary midline diastema and the possible etiological factors.

Results
17.3% of the studied patients showed maxillary midline diastema, while 82.7% of them did not show diastema. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of midline diastema in different sexes (P = 0.079). The most common etiological factors were 38.5% congenitally missed laterals, 33.8% highly attached frenum, 20.0% generalized spaces, and 26.2% had flared incisors.

Conclusion
Prevalence of midline diastema in the studied patients was 17.3%, while 82.7% of patients did not have diastema.
Fractured zirconia restorations repair bonding durability using two different adhesives
Authors: Haidar Ibraheem K.I. , Masoud Gaber I. , Shakal Mahmoud Abd El Salam 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength and durability of two different adhesives used to repair fractured zirconia restorations before and after water storage and thermocycling stress.

Materials and methods
Forty zirconia disc samples (10 mm in diameter, 2 mm in thickness) were prepared by CAD/CAM systems (SILADENT) divided in two main groups: (a) group 1: 20 samples were treated with Futurabond M+ adhesive, (b) group 2: 20 samples were treated with Panavia F 2.0 adhesive. All samples were individually and horizontally mounted on a computer-controlled materials testing machine with a load cell of 5 kN and data were recorded using computer software. Intragroup analysis and comparison between two groups will be done using one way analysis of variance test.

Results
Data were presented as mean, SD, range (minimum–maximum) for numerical values. Student t test and analysis of variance were used to study the effect of cements and thermal aging on mean values. χ
2 test was done between failure modes scores. The significance level was set at P value less than or equal to 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Shear bond strength descriptive statistics of shear bond strength (MPa) showing mean, SD, minimum, maximum, and 95% confidence intervals (low and high) values for both cement groups before and after thermal aging.

Conclusion
There is significant difference between shear bond strength before and after aging in case of Futurabond M+ but in case of Panavia F 2.0 the difference is nonsignificant. Panavia F 2.0 has comparable shear bond strength to Futurabond M+ in case of water storage and thermocycling aging but in nonaging, Futurabond M+ show higher shear bond strength than Panavia F 2.0. Panavia F 2.0 has provided stable bonding values even with water storage and thermocycling stress.