bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Safe is Pupil Transporatation
Authors: Johnson Charles F. 
Published: December 2021

The January 1970 Supplement to Pediatrics1 was provocative enough to cause me to write a letter to the local school bus authorities decrying Iowa's bus accident record and safety regulations. This letter resulted in a chain of letters, and ultimately a reply from Arthur Roberts, Director of the Division of Transportation in the Iowa State Department of Public Instruction. The letter pointed out several difficulties which might arise from inappropriate interpretation of the data:
Table I, on pages 168 to 170, reported accident rate in actual miles instead of thousands of miles, as was the case.
VITAMIN B12 DEPENDENCY AND COBALT-DEPENDENT METABOLISM
Authors: Scriver Charles R. 
Published: December 2021

An excellent report on a form of Vitamin B12 dependency appears in this issue of the Journal. This Commentary, which has been written in response to the article, is the third on the subject of vitamin dependencies, the two previous discussing the Vitamin B6 dependencies (Pediatrics, 37:553, 1966) and Vitamin D dependency (Pediatrics, 45:361, 1970).
The term "vitamin dependency" has been used to describe certain types of genedependent nutritional disorders. In such conditions the nutritional intake of vitamin which is required to maintain a state of health is much greater than normal; patients evidently inherit these peculiar requirements in Mendelian fashion.
THE BOOK OF ACCIDENTS
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

Scalding liquids continue to cause over half of the burns in childhood.1 Harper2 (1963) points out that scalding burns most commonly are caused by a child pulling a coffee or tea pot on himself, usually from a stove, less often from a table.
Figure 1 from a children's book on accident prevention (1830)3 could well be used to document the above statement. Once again one is reminded that "there is no new thing under the sun." (Ecclesiastes 1:9)
PEDIATRIC ASPECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
Authors: Wehrle Paul F. , Yamazaki James N. , Brent Robert L. , Chisolm J. Julian , Doyle John L. , Fagan Emmett L. , Finberg Laurence , Nahmias Andre J. , Thompson G. D. Carlyle , Farr Lee E. , Horton Robert J. M. , Miller Robert W. 
Published: December 2021

Public concern regarding air pollution has increased rapidly in recent years. Because air pollution may present special problems in the pediatric age group, available information on the effects of various air pollutants on children has been reviewed with the purpose of: (1) defining the potential ill effects of air pollution in this age group, (2) making information regarding these effects readily accessible to pediatricians, and (3) delineating further areas of study which may be necessary to safeguard child health from this environmental hazard.
Three general conclusions became apparent to the Committee after reviewing more than 100 publications from the world literature dealing specifically with the health effects of air pollution on children * The first is that children as a group may serve to delineate more clearly the effect of air pollution on health. They (1) spend most of their lives and attend school in limited geographical areas where air quality and meteorological effects can be measured and school absenteeism may also be ascertained tamed, (2) are more susceptible to most respiratory infections, (3) are not largely affected by smoking because it becomes a factor in only a small subgroup, and (4) are not exposed to the occupational hazards to which many adults are exposed. Another observation is that some aspects of growth and development in children may be affected by certain air pollutants. Finally, our review of studies on air pollution in children has shown that the majority of publications have originated from countries outside the United States; this suggests a relative lack of serious consideration of the problem in this country.
PARTIAL DELETION OF THE LONG ARM OF CHROMOSOME E-18
Authors: Curran John P. , Al-Salihi Farouk L. , Allderdice P. W. 
Published: December 2021

A male infant with growth failure and multiple somatic abnormalities is described. Karyotype showed deletion of material from the long arm of an autosome identified autoradiographically as a number 18.
Abnormalities commonly associated with this chromosome deletion have been mental retardation, growth failure, microcephaly, hypertrophic ear parts, mid-face retraction, increased digital whorls, developmental retardation, ocular anomalies, fusiform fingers, carp mouth, hypoplastic ear canals, and genital abnormalities occurring in males.
The subject of this report presented with extreme growth failure and developmental retardation. Mid-face dysplasia was mild and microcephaly was absent. External genitalia were normal though all previously described males had cryptorchidism or penis abnormality. Findings not previously reported are ankylosis in extension of both knees, palatal pigmentation, and an extra thoracic vertebrum.
Phenotypic analyses of patients with an 18q- or 18r chromosome suggest that genic loci influencing the development of ear canals and the incidence of digital whorls are located near the ends of the long arms.
UTILIZATION OF A PEDIATRICIAN IN A MENTAL HEALTH CLINIC
Authors: Stone William E. 
Published: December 2021

The field of psychiatry, and certainly the subspecialty of child psychiatry, is currently involved in an identity crisis which has particular relevance to the relationship between the pediatrician and the psychiatrist in the delivery of mental health services to children. This crisis is related to the move from patient-oriented psychiatric treatment to the newer methods of community mental health. A good community mental health program is founded on the knowledge and skills learned from careful work with individual patients, but the techniques and goals of treatment require modification. While individual psychotherapy is still an essential part of patient care, it is frequently impractical in the light of the demands and needs of our current culture. In the community mental health center which I am serving, we are currently involved in a major reassessment of our techniques in order to meet the needs of the community rather than the demands of a small group.
Ours is a relatively affluent community, generally considered to be sophisticated, well-educated, and knowledgeable about psychiatry. An easy pitfall in developing a mental health center would be to assume that this is an accurate picture of the entire community and base the whole program on the model of private psychiatric care. However, the city has its pockets of poverty and has large numbers of people who would not respond to insight therapy if it were available to them.
Psychiatrists have been, until very recently, poorly trained for work in the community. Their work has been principally in mental hospitals and in outpatient clinics that offered treatment to a very select group of patients.
In Reply: Evaluation of Routine Examinations: Is the Private Practice of Pediatrics by the Pediatrician Ineffective?
Authors: Anderson Frederic P. 
Published: December 2021

Thank you for the opportunity of clarifying some of the points made in my article that have troubled Dr. Heller.
I hope that few readers of the article were led to feel that my conclusion was "that the private practice of pediatrics by the pediatrician (his italics) is ineffective." My premise is precisely the opposite: that because of the great value placed on the reception of the pediatrician's services by the public, all aspects of pediatric services must be carefully scrutinized in order to allocate them rationally and most efficiently.
LANGUAGE LEARNING AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS IN CHILDREN, by Gertrud L. Wyatt. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1969, 372 pp., $11.50
Authors: Woodbury Charles B. 
Published: December 2021

This volume, by a psychologist who has devoted much of her interest and attention to problems of language and communication, goes far beyond the usual medical treatment of speech and language development. Wyatt has dealt, in a manner thoroughly useful to pediatricians, with the social and interpersonal bases of speech and language.
Besides explicating the general viewpoint of normal language development as a transactional phenomenon in which emotional sharing and repetitive feedback play crucial early roles, she presents two extensive case histories which portray the vicissitudes of speech development in its personal-emotional context.
ON THE ETYMOLOGIC DERIVATION OF SOME COMMONLY USED WORDS IN PEDIATRICS: INFANT, CRETIN, MECONIUM, AND ICTERUS
Authors: Cone T. E. 
Published: December 2021

infant-from Latin infans; in (neg.) + fans speaking (fans is the participle). In Roman law infant means a child not old enough to talk...
Cretin-Old French-chretien, a Christian. Perhaps used first as a perjorative term by the ancient Romans because to them the first Christians were stupid enough to "turn the other cheek" when attacked by mobs or by the lions in the Roman amphitheater.
Meconium-from Greek mekonion meaning the poppy juice obtained from pressing the whole plant which gives a thick Juice of black, greenish-brown color. The intestinal content of the newborn infant has a similar consistency and appearance and so Galenadopted the term for the content of the bowels of newborn infants. (Meconism means the opium habit).
lcterus-from Greek ikteros, a yellow bird, probably the golden thrush or a species of oriole. Pliny relates that if a person suffering from jaundice looks at a yellow bird, the bird will die and the patient recovers. Icterus was first used in pediatrics by Ludwig von Buhl (1816-1880) when he described icterus neonatorum.
Severe Postural Hypotension Due to Imipramine Therapy
Authors: Koehl George W. , Wenzel James E. 
Published: December 2021

The use of imipramine in the treatment of childhood enuresis has recently gained wide acceptance. The drug is known to be quite toxic to children who accidentally ingest it.1-4 Instances of incapacitating toxic effects caused by therapeutic dosages of the drug have not, to the best of our knowledge, been reported in children. It is our purpose to report a case of severe postural hypotension associated with therapeutic dosages of this drug.
Report of a Case
A 9-year-old Caucasian female was evaluated because of enuresis which had been present since toilet training was begun at age 2 years. A complete history and physical examination were nonrevealing; her pulse was 82 beats per minute and blood pressure was 110/75 mm Hg.
Fecal Impaction (Urinary Retention): A Diagnostic Posture
Authors: Toksöz Ülkü 
Published: December 2021

The article, "Urinary Retention Due to Fecal Impaction in Children" which appeared in Pediatrics (45:292, 1970) reminded me of a very remarkable case in which I had been involved some time ago. After reading the article, I realized another aspect of this case which had not occurred to me until then.
During my residency, a 4-year-old boy came from the outpatient clinic to be hospitalized. I was told that the child had not been able to void for 24 hours but urine was constantly dripping.
NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR NAIL SODIUM CONCENTRATION IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Johnson G. Frank , Thompson Max F. , Fetteroff S. , Fasano A. N. 
Published: December 2021

This study reports nail sodium values in milliequivalents per kilogram as determined by neutron activation analysis in a variety of normal, hospitalized, and cystic fibrosis children. The elevated sodium values thus determined in cystic fibrosis indicate the usefulness of the method, though they are not in themselves diagnostic.
The nails are porous to sodium and reflect the sweat sodium levels. The results are influenced by age, environment of the nail, and other disease conditions.
XE133-RADIOSPIROMETRY FOR EVALUATION OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF PULMONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Arborelius Mans , Gustafsson Thomas , Kjellman Bengt , Lundström Nils Rune , Mortensson Wigher 
Published: December 2021

Investigation of regional lung function with Xe133-radiospirometry and I131-MAA- scintigraphy in children with congenital malformations of the pulmonary arteries gave information above that obtained with angiographies. The new information was of value for the management of the patients.
Xe133-radiospirometry and I131-MAA-scintigraphy were found to be complimentary methods but radiospirometry is considered to be the first choice method: it gives information not only of regional perfusion but also of regional volume and ventilation and, furthermore, the absorbed radiation dose with radiospirometry is much lower than that with scintigraphy.
QUINTILIAN AND THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, or Quintilian (c. A.D. 35-c. 95), in his celebrated Institutio Oratoria wrote extensively and wisely about the education of children. A sampling of his ideas cited below will show that they remain as timely today as they were two thousand years ago.
Above all things we must take care that the child, who is not yet old enough to love his studies, does not come to hate them and dread the bitterness which he has once tasted, even when the years of infancy are left behind. His studies must be made an amusement.1
Study depends on the good will of the student, a quality that cannot be secured by compulsion.2
I will content myself with saying that children are helpless and easily victimized, and that therefore no one should be given unlimited power over them.3
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome in a Nineyear -old Child: A Case Report and Review of this Entity in Childhood
Authors: Buchta Richard M. , Kaplan J. M. 
Published: December 2021

In 1955, Zollinger and Ellison1 described a syndrome consisting of peptic ulceration, marked gastric hypersecretion, and non-beta islet cell tumor of the pancreas.
Although there have been over 300 cases in the adult literature2-5 only 19 patients, 16 years old or younger have been reported. We add one more child to this growing list and review the clinical data of the known cases described.
Case Report
The patient (R.L.) was a 9-year-old Negro male with a 7-month history of intermittent episodes of mid-epigastric abdominal pain. The pain was somewhat relieved by eating, or the use of antispasmodics. During this period of time, the child had occasional episodes of vomiting, but no melena or hematemesis.
MUSCLE SURFACE pH: A NEW PARAMETER IN THE MONITORING OF THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD
Authors: Filler Robert M. , Das John B. 
Published: December 2021

In three severely ill infants, muscle surface pH was recorded continuously with a new miniaturized pH electrode for periods up to 100 hours.
The clinical findings correlate with experimental results and indicate that muscle pH is a reflection of both arterial pH and the adequacy of tissue perfusion. Since muscle pH changes often precede changes in vital signs and arterial pH, muscle pH monitoring may provide the earliest warning of a deteriorating clinical situation. Although the present clinical experience is small, the findings appear to justify further trials with this method of monitoring sick infants.
Automobile Safety for Children, Seat Belt Division
Authors: Rowley William F. , Lariviere Eugene , Dietrich Charles W. 
Published: December 2021

I would like to call your readers' attention to the effective date of the Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 213, Child Seating Systems, which is April 1, 1971.1
This ruling provides that child seating systems offered for sale have to meet specifications set by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Now, for the first time, a physician, who can and should recommend that parents of young children purchase restraining devices, can be assured that these devices will provide effective restraint.
Failure to Thrive
Authors: Fraser Graham C. , Cohen Michael I. , Smith Clement A. , Berenberg William 
Published: December 2021

I note with interest the Commentary of your November issue1 with regard to the concept of failure to thrive. I think that the effort at elucidation and definition of this concept is much to be commended.
I would like, however, to underline the frequency with which this description is met in infants who are suffering from surgical conditions. Your writers (Smith and Berenberg) refer, briefly, first to infections, "then congenital malformations."
With respect, I would rephrase that as "especially congenital malformations."
THE PREPARATION, UTILIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF A REGISTERED NURSE TRAINED TO GIVE TELEPHONE ADVICE IN A PRIVATE PEDIATRIC OFFICE
Authors: Strain James E. , Miller J. Darrell 
Published: December 2021

A registered nurse, specifically trained for the telephone evaluation and management of the health problems of children, is a valuable addition to a pediatric office staff.
The training of the nurse by the physicians, through a series of teaching sessions, is described here.
To evaluate the results of her training, more than 16,000 incoming telephone calls were tabulated over a period of 1 year. Approximately half were administrative calls and half medical calls. An average of 25 medical calls daily were taken by the nurse. In 92% of the cases she was able to manage the problem either directly or after consulting with the physician.
Patient acceptance was excellent.
The expansion of the nurse's role broadened the scope of services and significantly increased and improved pediatric care in our office. The nurse provided prompt, accurate advice which met the patient's specific needs and resulted in more efficient use of the physician's time in providing direct care to the patient. Through her assistance, an additional 2 to 3 hours of physician's time became available for patient care.
NEONATAL NARCOTIC ADDICTION: 10 YEAR OBSERVATION
Authors: Zelson Carl , Rubio Estrellita , Wasserman Edward 
Published: December 2021

During the 10-year period 1960 through 1969, 384 infants were born to 382 heroin addicted mothers. One hundred ninety (49.4%) of the infants were under 2,500 gm in weight. Seventy -seven (40%) of these were low weight for date infants. Two hundred fifty-nine (67.4%) of the total group of infants developed signs of withdrawal within the first 4 days of life. One hundred seventy-eight or 68.7% of these manifested signs severe enough to require treatment. Eighty-one infants had mild withdrawal signs which cleared without treatment. The 178 treated infants represented 46.3% of the entire group of heroin exposed infants.
Our data indicated that there was a direct correlation between the length of maternal addiction and the occurrence of withdrawal signs in the infants; that with an increase of maternal intake of heroin, there was an increased incidence of neonatal withdrawal; and that the closer to delivery the last dose of heroin was taken, the higher and earlier was the occurrence of withdrawal signs in the neonate.
Response to treatment with chlorpromazine was excellent. The incidence of congenital anomalies was no higher than in the general newbron population. Morphine and quinine could be demonstrated in the urine of the newborn infants within the first 24 hours of life. Fourteen infants (3.6%) died in the neonatal period; nine of these within the first 9 hours after birth. No evidence of Hyaline Membrane disease was found at autopsy in those that died in respiratory distress.
OUR ADOLESCENTS IN 1857 ARE WARNED OF THE EVILS OF PARISIAN LIFE
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In the America of the 1850's, France, and particularly Paris, were thought to be places possessing singularly malevolent influences over young men. The following item from the Boston Traveller (1857) is a good example of this belief:
La Belle Paris! the synonym of all that is beautiful; the city of gayety and revelry, of music and mirth, where pleasure lures, dazzles, intoxicates, and then destroys! is this the sad end to which your young men of culture and intellect arrive, in a short quarter of a century? Then let it be a loud warning to the youth of our own time and nation, that a better path is marked out for them in the Book of all books, which counsels to be temperate in all things, to take hold of wisdom whose ways are ways to pleasantness-whose paths are peace.1
Solitary Eosinophilic Granuloma of Lymph Node: Five-year Follow-up
Authors: Morgenfeld Marcos Carlos , Schajowicz Fritz 
Published: December 2021

A case of eosinophilic granuloma involving a single submaxillary lymph node occurring in a boy who is now 7 years old is reported. The patient was followed for 5 years and has not presented any other manifestation of disease in the skeleton or extraskeletal tissues.
A complete cytohistopathological, cytochemical, and biochemical study of the excised lymph node was carried out. This is the first case recorded of a solitary eosinophilic granuloma of a lymph node followed for more than 5 years.
Palpating the Kidneys of the Newborn
Authors: Askin John A. , Museles Melvin , Gaudry Charles L. , Bason William M. 
Published: December 2021

I am always delighted to see an article published lished: (1) emphasizing the importance and difficulty of diagnosing a developmental anomaly of the urinary tract; (2) emphasizing the incidence of 3.5 to 5% of all children having an anomaly of tile urinary tract; ard, (3) emphasizillg that these anomalies are demonstrated, by the ordinary physical examination, but only if oiÄ±e has developed a meaningful list of indications for urological evaluation.
I would like to take exception to several remarks in the report regarding the abdominal palpation of the newborn.1
THE SHIFT TO THE LEFT
Authors: Oski Frank A. , Delivoria-Papadopoulos Maria 
Published: December 2021

For many years it appeared that physiologists, and physiologists alone, puzzled over the causes and significance of alterations in the position of the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curve. The reports by Benesch and Benesch1 and Chanutin and Curnish2 in 1967, concerning the role of red cell organic phosphates in determining the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, have served to rekindle curiosity in this problem of oxygen transport and produced a common focus of clinical interest for neonatologists, hematologists, biochemists, and the now nearly forgotten physiologists.
The oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curve of normal adult blood is depicted as the center curve in Figure 1.
PERCUTANEOUS VENOUS CANNULATION IN NEONATES AND INFANTS: A METHOD FOR CATHETER INSERTION WITHOUT "CUT-DOWN"
Authors: Filston Howard C. , Johnson Dale G. 
Published: December 2021

A technique for successful and consistent cannulation of extremity veins of neonates using a plastic catheter with inner needle stylet has been used in over 150 neonates for surgical and postoperative management at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and has all but eliminated the use of the incisional "cut-down."
Advantages of this method over the incisional "cut-down" include: ease of changing insertion sites, preservation of function and subsequent usefulness of the veins, the ability to use larger caliber cannulas, increased duration of function without phlebitis, and the elimination of the unsightly "cut-down" scars.
Although meticulous attention to the details of insertion and immobilization are essential for success with this technique, it has been easily taught to our rotating junior level surgical residents and to many of the pediatric interns and pediatric residents.