bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrochemical appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation: a case study in parts of southwest coast of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Stanly Rajkumar , Yasala Srinivas , Oliver D. Hudson , Nair Nithya. C. , Emperumal Karthikeyan , Subash Arunbose 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe quality of groundwater standards in Muttom–Mandaikkadu coastal stretch is the focus of the present study, whose coastal aquifers are particularly at risk due to intrusion of marine water. Thirty groundwater samples were scrutinized for the assessment of physical and chemical parameters during January and June. Hydrochemical characteristics were spatially depicted to understand the spatial variations such as (pH, EC, TDS, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, SO42−, HCO3−, and Cl−). Drinking water quality index based on those 11 parameters and irrigation water quality index based on EC, Na%, sodium adsorption ratio and permeability index was used to assess the water quality for drinking and irrigation, respectively. These results demonstrate that dominant hydrochemical facies for groundwater in both months are Na-K-Cl-SO4 type and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 type. The USSL diagram endorses that most of the water samples belong to low-medium salinity with low sodium hazards. Cl−/HCO3− ratio indicates that the majority of the samples show low to moderate seawater intrusion in the study area. Additionally, six vertical electrical sounding measuring points (Schlumberger array) were carried out in order to determine the number of the underlying layers, aquifer depths and their thicknesses as well as its influence by the marine water. The geophysical self-potential measurements suggest that the groundwater in the Manavalakurichi area is prone to contamination by seawater intrusion, confirmed by the use of Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding. For better understanding, the subsurface layers were shown in a 2D model using the constructed geoelectrical cross section.
Interval type-2 fuzzy aggregation operator in decision making and its application
Authors: Lathamaheswari M. , Nagarajan D. , Kavikumar J. , Broumi Said 
Published: February 2021

AbstractType-2 fuzzy sets (T2FSs) can deal with higher modeling and uncertainties which exist in the real-world application, specifically in the control systems. Particularly the climate changes are always uncertain and thus, the type-2 fuzzy controller is an effective system to handle those situations. Polyhouse is a methodology used to cultivate the plants. It breaks the seasonal hurdle of the formulation and it is also suitable for the conflictive climate conditions. Controlling and directing internal parameters of the polyhouse play an essential role in the growth of the plant. Among those, humidity is an important element when one deals with the growth of the plant in polyhouse. It affects the weather, as well as the global change of the climate and hence, the inner climate of the polyhouse will be disturbed. In this paper, operational laws for triangular interval type-2 fuzzy numbers and derived triangular interval type-2 weighted geometric (TIT2WG) operator with their desired mathematical properties using Dombi triangular norms. Also, humidity control is analyzed using interval type-2 fuzzy controller (IT2FC) with the use of derived aggregation operator which is the aim of the paper. Further stability of the system has been analyzed by applying four different defuzzification methods and the method is recommended which gives a better response.
A novel WC–W2C composite synthesis by arc plasma melt cast technique: microstructural and mechanical studies
Authors: Nayak N. , Dash T. , Debasish D. , Palei B. B. , Rout T. K. , Bajpai S. , Nayak B. B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWC–W2C composites of three different compositions have been synthesized from mixture of WC + W (0, 5 and 16 wt% W) by thermal arc plasma melt-cast technique. Various grown phases observed in the composites consisting of major phases of WC and W2C and minor phases of unbound C (graphite) and tungsten (W) were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared studies. Transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy show polycrystalline nature of composites. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (of X-ray) infers the absence of any impurity in the composite. Almost porous free nature of composites were observed from X-ray micro computed tomography and BET analysis studies. WC–W2C composite (16 wt% W) shows 25% and 21% higher micro hardness (2535 VHN) and Young’s modulus (625 GPa) values than that of pure melt cast WC sample.
Traumatic aortic transection in a teenager presenting with hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Esmat Habib Ahmad , Naseri Mohammad Wali 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Blunt chest trauma is usually associated with a rapid deceleration of the heart and aorta, leading to aortic injury and transection. The patients may be asymptomatic or present with non-specific clinical manifestations.

Case presentation:
A 16-year-old male was brought to the emergency unite of our hospital by land ambulance intubated as a Level 1 trauma activation, after having fallen from the 4th floor of a housing block at midnight and landed on the ground. His blood pressure was: 88/56 mmHg, HR: 145 b/min, and RR: 35 cycle/min. The physical examination revealed Glasgow Coma Scale; E1M3V4, equally in diameter and reactive pupils with negative bilateral corneal reflexes. The thoracoabdominal CT images showed a type-4 transection in the descending aorta and a pseudoaneurysm of 8.5mm in diameter adjacent to the postvertebral segment of the left subclavian artery. The patient was successfully managed by the endovascular intervention.

Discussion:
The clinical symptoms of aortic transection are non-specific. Thus the literature review and our findings highlight that the diagnosis of blunt thoracic aortic injury should be considered in any serious polytrauma in children.

Conclusion:
Traumatic aortic transection is extremely rare in children than in adults and a potentially life-threatening condition with myriad clinical manifestations that may present as hemorrhagic shock. Computed tomography is an excellent imaging tool to assess the extent of the aortic injury and is used as a standard diagnostic method in cases of multiple trauma for the diagnosis of aortic transection. The endovascular repair can be used as a first-line treatment and open surgical therapy is best reserved for patients with a failed endovascular approach or complications of post-endovascular therapy and patients without an endovascular option.

Highlights
Beyond Pain: A Study on the Variance of Pain Thresholds Within BDSM Interactions in Dominants and Submissives
Authors: Wuyts Elise , De Neef Nele , Coppens Violette , Schuerwegen Alana , de Zeeuw-Jans Ilona , Van Der Pol Maarten , Morrens Manuel 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundBDSM is an acronym describing bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism. Afflicting or receiving pain is usually an important part of the BDSM interaction.AimThis research will focus on better understanding the aspect of pain within a BDSM interaction.MethodsSubmissive and dominant counterparts of 35 couples were recruited to participate in a BDSM interaction, of which 34 dominants and 33 submissives were included in the analyses. A non-BDSM interested control group (n = 27) was included to control for social interaction, of which 24 were included in the analyses.OutcomesThis research investigates the differences in (i) baseline pain thresholds, (ii) the impact of a BDSM interaction on those thresholds, and (iii) threshold moderating factors like pain cognition between submissive and dominant BDSM participants and control individuals.RESULTSBDSM practitioners have a higher pain threshold overall and a BSDM interaction will result in a temporary elevation of pain thresholds for submissives. Additionally, pain thresholds in dominants will be dependent upon their fear of pain and tendency to catastrophize pain and submissives will experience less fear of pain than the control group.Clinical ImplicationsBy further enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms behind a BDSM interaction in this way, we aspire to relieve the stigma these practitioners still endure.Strengths & LimitationsThis is one of the first studies of its kind with a large sample size compared to similar research, which makes it a significant contribution to the field. It must be mentioned that there is a possible selection bias because recruitment was only done through the Flemish BDSM community and specifically those who visit clubs. Additionally, pain threshold remains a subjective measurement, which must be taken into account.CONCLUSIONThis study helps shed further light on the biological processes behind a BDSM interaction through pain threshold measurements.
If you build it, will they come? Linking researcher engagement and scientific productivity in large infrastructure grants
Authors: Combs Todd B. , Carothers Bobbi J. , Liu Yuanchen , Evanoff Bradley , Luke Douglas A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
The NIH Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program supports the creation of program infrastructure promoting scientific collaboration and improvement in translational research. While most evaluations of these and similar programs focus on scientific outcomes such as grants and publications, few studies investigate the underlying mechanisms through which large infrastructure grants produce scientific or translational benefits. This study investigated how engagement – researchers’ interactions with CTSA-funded resources – can help to increase scientific productivity.

Methods:
Authors 1) developed process indicators to define engagement in the CTSA infrastructure at Washington University in St. Louis in four general categories (core service use, internal funding, mentor-mentee opportunities, and leadership roles); 2) explored the relationship between CTSA engagement and scholarly productivity; and 3) compared the relationships between engagement and productivity across gender and race/ethnicity. Mixed effects Poisson regressions modeled productivity outcomes on engagement, controlling for demographic and academic characteristics.

Results:
CTSA members who were engaged were more likely to publish papers and submit grants when compared to others. They were more likely to receive external grant awards – 10% to 20% percent more – than those who were not engaged. Productivity disparities between men and women and to a lesser extent across categories of race and ethnicity persisted even in samples matched on previous productivity levels.

Conclusions:
CTSAs could see larger growth in scientific productivity by increasing researcher engagement and addressing demographic disparities – possibly through focused communications to raise awareness of opportunities – and dissemination of case studies and success stories of engagement to membership.
A genome-wide association study on confection consumption in a Japanese population: the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study
Authors: Suzuki Taro , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Doi Yukio , Narita Akira , Shimizu Atsushi , Imaeda Nahomi , Goto Chiho , Matsui Kenji , Kadota Aya , Miura Katsuyuki , Nakatochi Masahiro , Tanaka Keitaro , Hara Megumi , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Murata Masayuki , Takezaki Toshiro , Nishimoto Daisaku , Matsuo Keitaro , Oze Isao , Kuriyama Nagato , Ozaki Etsuko , Mikami Haruo , Nakamura Yohko , Watanabe Miki , Suzuki Sadao , Katsuura-Kamano Sakurako , Arisawa Kokichi , Kuriki Kiyonori , Momozawa Yukihide , Kubo Michiaki , Takeuchi Kenji , Kita Yoshikuni , Wakai Kenji ,   for the J-MICC Research Group
Published: February 2021

AbstractDifferences in individual eating habits may be influenced by genetic factors, in addition to cultural, social or environmental factors. Previous studies suggested that genetic variants within sweet taste receptor genes family were associated with sweet taste perception and the intake of sweet foods. The aim of this study was to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to find genetic variations that affect confection consumption in a Japanese population. We analysed GWAS data on confection consumption using 14 073 participants from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort study. We used a semi-quantitative FFQ to estimate food intake that was validated previously. Association of the imputed variants with confection consumption was performed by linear regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex, total energy intake and principal component analysis components 1–3. Furthermore, the analysis was repeated adjusting for alcohol intake (g/d) in addition to the above-described variables. We found 418 SNP located in 12q24 that were associated with confection consumption. SNP with the ten lowest P-values were located on nine genes including at the BRAP, ACAD10 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 regions on 12q24.12-13. After adjustment for alcohol intake, no variant was associated with confections intake with genome-wide significance. In conclusion, we found a significant number of SNP located on 12q24 genes that were associated with confections intake before adjustment for alcohol intake. However, all of them lost statistical significance after adjustment for alcohol intake.
AUTOMOBILES AND TOURISM AS INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT IN SPAIN, 1918–1939
Authors: VILAR-RODRÍGUEZ MARGARITA , VALLEJO-POUSADA RAFAEL 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development of motor vehicles and their mass production and consumption during the first decades of the twentieth century had significant economic and social effects. The developed Atlantic countries, world leaders in vehicle production, were the protagonists of the success of the car. However, the globalization brought about by the second industrial revolution drew in other countries on the periphery, thanks to transport technologies, telecommunications, and the media. Thus, the consumption patterns and lifestyles of the ‘centres’ and the ‘peripheries’ tended to become more uniform, especially among the urban population. This included an interest in travelling and leisure activities in general. The link between the use of motor vehicles and new tourism practices in Spain between 1918 and 1939 provides an excellent viewpoint from which both to analyse the country's economic and social transformation during this period and to relativize the degree of backwardness observed in Spain in other studies. In this respect, we provide evidence which shows that, despite being a country of the so-called European periphery, Spain had similar patterns of consumption of durable consumer goods, such as the motor vehicle, as other, more advanced countries. There is therefore room to reconsider what has been termed ‘Spanish backwardness’.
Associations between insomnia and reward learning in clinical depression
Authors: Liverant Gabrielle I. , Arditte Hall Kimberly A. , Wieman Sarah T. , Pineles Suzanne L. , Pizzagalli Diego A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepression and insomnia commonly co-occur. Yet, little is known about the mechanisms through which insomnia influences depression. Recent research and theory highlight reward system dysfunction as a potential mediator of the relationship between insomnia and depression. This study is the first to examine the impact of insomnia on reward learning, a key component of reward system functioning, in clinical depression.MethodsThe sample consisted of 72 veterans with unipolar depression who endorsed sleep disturbance symptoms. Participants completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, self-report measures of insomnia, depression, and reward processing, and a previously validated signal detection task (Pizzagalli et al., 2005, Biological Psychiatry, 57(4), 319–327). Trial-by-trial response bias (RB) estimates calculated for each of the 200 task trials were examined using linear mixed-model analyses to investigate change in reward learning.ResultsFindings demonstrated diminished rate and magnitude of reward learning in the Insomnia group relative to the Hypersomnia/Mixed Symptom group across the task. Within the Insomnia group, participants with more severe insomnia evidenced the lowest rates of reward learning, with increased RB across the task with decreasing insomnia severity.ConclusionsAmong individuals with depression, insomnia is associated with decreased ability to learn associations between neutral stimuli and rewarding outcomes and/or modify behavior in response to differential receipt of reward. This attenuated reward learning may contribute to clinically meaningful decreases in motivation and increased withdrawal in this comorbid group. Results extend existing theory by highlighting impairments in reward learning specifically as a potential mediator of the association between insomnia and depression.
Attention allocation in posttraumatic stress disorder: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Lazarov Amit , Suarez-Jimenez Benjamin , Zhu Xi , Pine Daniel S. , Bar-Haim Yair , Neria Yuval 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEye-tracking-based attentional research implicates sustained attention to threat in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, most of this research employed small stimuli set-sizes, small samples that did not include both trauma-exposed healthy participants and non-trauma-exposed participants, and generally failed to report the reliability of used tasks and attention indices. Here, using an established eye-tracking paradigm, we explore attention processes to different negatively-valenced cues in PTSD while addressing these limitations.MethodsPTSD patients (n = 37), trauma-exposed healthy controls (TEHC; n = 34), and healthy controls (HC; n = 30) freely viewed three blocks of 30 different matrices of faces, each presented for 6 s. Each block consisted of matrices depicting eight negatively-valenced faces (anger, fear, or sadness) and eight neutral faces. Gaze patterns on negative and neural areas of interest were compared. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated for the entire sample and within groups.ResultsThe two trauma-exposed groups dwelled longer on negatively-valenced faces over neutral faces, while HC participants showed the opposite pattern. This attentional bias was more prominent in the PTSD than the TEHC group. Similar results emerged for first-fixation dwell time, but with no differences between the two trauma-exposed groups. No group differences emerged for first-fixation latency or location. Internal consistency and 1-week test-retest reliability were adequate, across and within groups.ConclusionsSustained attention on negatively-valenced stimuli emerges as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in PTSD designed to divert attention away from negatively-valenced stimuli and toward neutral ones.
Fast Convergence of Multi-quadrotor Cooperation Using Weighted-Neighbor-based Control
Authors: Hou Zhicheng , Zhang Gong 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYIn this paper, a weighted-neighbor-based cooperation control of multi-quadrotor systems is investigated. A formation tracking problem is treated, where the reference formation trajectory (RFT) is not given a priori. The RFT is only available to some of the quadrotors (i.e. the leaders). In order to attain the fast convergence of the agents, we propose an algorithm to calculate the neighbors’ weights in decentralized way. Then, the weights are used to compose the formation controller. Compared to the widely used average-neighbor-based control method, the proposed control protocol can increase the convergence speed of the cooperation error. Since the formation control is improved in topological scale, the utilization of the proposed algorithms can be extended on any multi-robot systems. We show the improvement of the proposed control protocol by theoretical proof, simulation, and real-time experiments.
Food insecurity, diet quality and body composition: data from the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) pilot survey in urban Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Kehoe Sarah H , Wrottesley Stephanie V , Ware Lisa , Prioreschi Alessandra , Draper Catherine , Ward Kate , Lye Stephen , Norris Shane A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:To determine whether food security, diet diversity and diet quality are associated with anthropometric measurements and body composition among women of reproductive age. The association between food security and anaemia prevalence was also tested.Design:Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) study. Food security and dietary data were collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Hb levels were measured using a HemoCue, and anaemia was classified as an altitude-adjusted haemoglobin level < 12·5 g/dl. Body size and composition were assessed using anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Setting:The urban township of Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa.Participants:Non-pregnant women aged 18–25 years (n 1534).Results:Almost half of the women were overweight or obese (44 %), and 9 % were underweight. Almost a third of women were anaemic (30 %). The prevalence rates of anaemia and food insecurity were similar across BMI categories. Food insecure women had the least diverse diets, and food security was negatively associated with diet quality (food security category v. diet quality score: B = –0·35, 95 % CI –0·70, –0·01, P = 0·049). Significant univariate associations were observed between food security and total lean mass. However, there were no associations between food security and body size or composition variables in multivariate models.Conclusions:Our data indicate that food security is an important determinant of diet quality in this urban-poor, highly transitioned setting. Interventions to improve maternal and child nutrition should recognise both food security and the food environment as critical elements within their developmental phases.
Dietary supplements in the USA: problematic trends
Authors: Denham Bryan E 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMore than 25 years have passed since the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 classified dietary supplements as a subcategory of food, thereby exempting manufacturers from providing premarket evidence of product safety and efficacy. In this commentary, I discuss problems in the supplement industry through an examination of cases introduced or decided in US federal courts between 2010 and 2019. More than half the cases located involved defendants charged with introducing misbranded food or drugs into interstate commerce. Contaminants included anabolic steroids, erectile dysfunction medications, weight-loss drugs, workout stimulants and mind-altering substances. As the article points out, raw powders obtained in bulk quantities facilitate the practice of ‘home brewing’ and the introduction of prescription drugs into dietary supplements.