bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidirectional carework across borders: Latina immigrant women negotiating motherhood and daughterhood
Authors: Bruhn Sarah , Oliveira Gabrielle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe authors examine how transnational caregiving for immigrant women encompasses a set of complex gendered relationships and roles as mothers and daughters across national borders.BackgroundScholars have explored transnational motherhood for women who migrate, often in search of employment, while their children remain in their nation of origin. Much of this research has focused on how migration transforms mother–child relationships. Intergenerational relationships between immigrant mothers and their own mothers, and the emotional and economic care that facilitates these ties, are often left out of the picture of transnational family life.MethodsThrough ethnographic work, the authors conducted in‐depth interviews with 63 mothers from Latin America who migrated to the greater Boston metropolitan area. Additionally, the authors draw from extensive participant observation with mothers at home, school, and sites throughout their communities.ResultsThe authors theorize how Latina immigrant women are at the center of a web of multidirectional carework as they negotiate intergenerational responsibilities as mothers and daughters. The women in the present study orient their decisions, paid labor, and child‐rearing around sustaining transnational familial relationships across generations. As a result, they provide emotional and economic care in multiple directions, including maintaining relationships between children and grandchildren, even as they adapt to ruptures in receiving care from their own mothers.ConclusionThe authors argue that despite the gendered labor this emotional and economic work entails, the immigrant mothers in the present study value their carework, which ultimately becomes a means for them to exert agency in the face of anti‐immigrant policies and discourses.
Effectiveness of a Chairside Acrylic Adjustment Cabinet in Reducing Dental Acrylic Debris and Aerosols
Authors: Srivastava Akanksha , Andersen Michael R. , Alshehri Abdulkareem M. , Lara Bryan , Bashiri Rafiullah , Li Guojun , Chambers Mark S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeChairside prosthesis adjustment procedures generate contaminated acrylic particle debris that include visible splatter (particles >50 μm) as well as invisible aerosols (<50 µm). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a chairside acrylic adjustment cabinet (CAAC) in reducing airborne aerosol particles (<10 µm) and visible acrylic debris, time required for airborne aerosols to return to baseline levels after an acrylic adjustment procedure, and the effect on operatory turnover time.Materials and methodsA total of 40 acrylic adjustment procedures were carried out in a simulated setting with (experiment) and without (control) a CAAC. Standardized acrylic samples of self‐polymerized, and heat polymerized polymethylmethacrylate resins, Triad™ and Fastray™ custom tray materials were evaluated. Airborne aerosol measurements were done using a handheld Lase.r Particle Counter for absolute particle counts of sizes 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μm before, during, and immediately after adjustment and 10 minutes postadjustment. Spread of aerosols was assessed at three distinct locations within the dental operatory specific to the provider, the patient, and the caregiver/guest. Visible acrylic debris and operatory turnover time were evaluated immediately postadjustments by a blinded investigator. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to estimate group effect, time effect and interaction between group and time for air particle analysis. Independent samples T‐tests were used for group differences between operatory turnover time, and time for aerosols to return to baseline. Chi‐square test was used for visible surface analysis.ResultsIn the control group, total aerosol particle counts increased from 6542.7 ± 162.6 particles at baseline to 598378.7 ± 586363.2 and 367569.9 ± 432220.8 particles during and immediately postadjustment, respectively. Adjustments made in the experiment group led to significantly reduced aerosol counts during (97738.9 ± 97866.5) and immediately postadjustment (19786.5 ± 14004.9; F = 17.8, p = 0.006). Similar trends were noted for the patient and guest positions. Time for aerosol particles to return to baseline was significantly lower in the experiment group (20.56 ± 14.5 minutes) compared to the control group (37.9 ± 31.96 minutes; p = 0.03). Visible acrylic debris analysis showed a significant decrease of 78% in the experiment group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in operatory turnover time between the two groups (p = 0.61).ConclusionsAcrylic adjustment procedures generated aerosols of particle sizes less than 10 µm and were measured in significant quantities throughout the dental operatory for up to 115 minutes. Chairside acrylic adjustment cabinets significantly decreased airborne aerosols, visible acrylic particle debris, and reduced the time for airborne aerosols to return to baseline levels.
Early starts and late finishes both reduce alertness and performance among short‐haul airline pilots
Authors: Arsintescu Lucia , Pradhan Sean , Chachad Ravi G. , Gregory Kevin B. , Mulligan Jeffrey B. , Flynn‐Evans Erin E. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryFlight crews are frequently required to work irregular schedules and, as a result, can experience sleep deficiency and fatigue. This study was conducted to determine whether perceived fatigue levels and objective performance varied by time of day, time awake, and prior night's sleep duration. Ninety‐five pilots (86 male, 9 female) aged 33 years (±8) volunteered for the study. Participants completed a daily sleep diary, Samn‐Perelli fatigue scale, and psychomotor vigilance task that were completed before and after each flight duty period and at the top‐of‐descent for each flight. Pilots experienced higher self‐reported fatigue (EMM = 3.92, SE = 0.09, p < 0.001) and worse performance (Response speed: EMM = 4.27, SE = 0.08, p = 0.004) for late‐finishing duties compared with early‐starting duties (Samn‐Perelli: EMM = 3.74, SE = 0.08; Response speed: EMM = 4.37, SE = 0.08), but had shorter sleep before early‐starting duties (early: EMM = 6.94, SE = 0.10; late: EMM = 8.47, SE = 0.14, p < 0.001). However, pre‐duty Samn‐Perelli and response speed were worse (z = 4.18, p < 0.001; z = 3.05, p = 0.03; respectively) for early starts compared with late finishes (EMM = 2.74, SE = 0.19), while post‐duty Samn‐Perelli was worse for late finishes (EMM = 4.74, SE = 0.19) compared with early starts (EMM = 4.05, SE = 0.12). The results confirm that duty time has a strong influence on self‐reported fatigue and performance. Thus, all flights that encroach on a biological night are targets for fatigue risk management oversight.
Congenital muscular dystrophy in a dog with a LAMA2 gene deletion
Authors: Shelton G. Diane , Minor Katie M. , Thomovsky Stephanie , Guo Ling T. , Friedenberg Steven G. , Cullen Jonah N. , Mickelson James R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 2‐year‐old female spayed dog was presented with a chronic history of short‐strided gait and inability to completely open the jaw. Clinical signs were present since the dog was adopted from a humane society at a few months of age. Serum creatine kinase activity was abnormally high. Neurological examination, electromyography, muscle biopsies with immunofluorescent staining, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed. A dystrophic phenotype was identified histologically in muscle biopsies, deficiency of laminin α2 protein was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining, and a deletion in the LAMA2 gene was identified by analysis of the WGS data. Congenital muscular dystrophy associated with a disease variant in LAMA2 was identified.
Resource competition, not facilitation, structures gravel beach plant communities
Authors: Arnst Elise A. , Wiser Susan K. , Sullivan Jon J. , Buckley Hannah L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuestionsHow are plant–plant interactions mediated by environmental factors to influence plant community structure on gravel beaches?LocationTwo coastal gravel beaches on the eastern coast of New Zealand.MethodsWe surveyed plant co‐occurrence patterns on the beaches and performed plant addition experiments, varying nutrients, water, and presence of potential nurse plants. We used C‐score analysis to test whether observed individual and species co‐occurrence patterns deviated from random expectation. Generalised linear modelling of survival within the experiments tested the importance of potential nurse plants vs both resource‐ and non‐resource‐based stress.ResultsDespite the harsh conditions, species co‐occurred less frequently than expected if distributions were random. The presence of adult nurse plants had a negative, rather than facilitative effect on growth and survival of planted shrub seedlings. Abiotic factors also influenced seedling survival, although responses were species‐specific.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that facilitation plays a role in structuring plant communities in the highly stressed environment of New Zealand gravel beaches. Rather, our results support the prediction that resource competition is the dominant factor in determining community structure in highly stressed environments and is inconsistent with the stress gradient hypothesis.
New bone conservation technology of impacted teeth extraction
Authors: Gao Shiyu , Jiang Hongbing , Li Sheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectTo introduce an impacted wisdom tooth extraction method based on the new concept of bone preservation.MethodsAbout 60 cases with impacted mandibular third molars in our clinic were reviewed from January to March 2021. Two senior attending doctors were selected to perform the extraction operations. Two different techniques were used to extract the impacted third molar. The duration of the operation time, the postoperative swelling scaling and the pain scaling were reviewed.Research resultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time, the postoperative swelling scaling and the pain scaling. Both methods can remove wisdom teeth, and clinicians should choose less invasive methods.ConclusionThe extraction of impacted teeth should be improved with more precision and less trauma.
Gaussian Prepivoting for Finite Population Causal Inference
Authors: Cohen Peter L. , Fogarty Colin B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn finite population causal inference exact randomization tests can be constructed for sharp null hypotheses, hypotheses which impute the missing potential outcomes. Oftentimes inference is instead desired for the weak null that the sample average of the treatment effects takes on a particular value while leaving the subject-specific treatment effects unspecified. Tests valid for sharp null hypotheses can be anti-conservative should only the weak null hold. We develop a general framework for unifying modes of inference for sharp and weak nulls, wherein a single procedure simultaneously delivers exact inference for sharp nulls and asymptotically valid inference for weak nulls. We employ randomization tests based upon prepivoted test statistics, wherein a test statistic is first transformed by a suitably constructed cumulative distribution function and its randomization distribution assuming the sharp null is then enumerated. For a large class of test statistics, we show that prepivoting may be accomplished by employing the push-forward of a sample-based Gaussian measure based upon a suitable covariance estimator. The approach enumerates the randomization distribution (assuming the sharp null) of a p-value for a large-sample test known to be valid under the weak null, and uses the resulting randomization distribution for inference. The versatility of the method is demonstrated through many examples, including rerandomized designs and regression-adjusted estimators in completely randomized designs.
Data visualization in introductory business statistics to strengthen students' practical skills
Authors: Hsu Jane Lu , Jones Abram , Lin Jia‐Huei , Chen You‐Ren 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to present and discuss how data visualization can be incorporated into teaching approaches by business faculty in introductory business statistics to strengthen business students' practical skills. Data visualization lessens difficulties in learning statistics by providing opportunities to illustrate analytical findings in graphic form, which is essential for learners with different learning styles. Familiarizing students with Excel, Python, or other software in introductory business statistics is beneficial in helping them attain statistical literacy by analyzing real‐world data such as COVID‐19 statistics. Using such data equips students with knowledge of statistical implementation—a core skill in the business world.
HIV incidence and compliance with deferral criteria over three progressively shorter time deferrals for men who have sex with men in Canada
Authors: Caffrey Niamh , Goldman Mindy , Osmond Lori , Yi Qi‐Long , Fan Wenli , O'Brien Sheila F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Canada, the deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM) has been progressively reduced from a permanent deferral for MSM since 1977, to 5 years, 1 year, and, most recently, 3 months. We estimated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) residual risk and compliance with the MSM time deferral after each change.MethodsFour anonymous online compliance surveys were carried out before and after each change. HIV incidence and prevalence were monitored from 2010 to 2021. Residual risk was estimated using the incidence‐window period model.ResultsHuman immunodeficiency virus prevalence, incidence, and residual risk did not change with incrementally shorter MSM deferrals. The residual risk per million donations post 3‐month deferral was 0.05 (0.001–0.371). Men with temporally remote MSM history became eligible and, therefore, compliant as the deferral periods decreased (Cochran‐Armitage p value = <.0001). However, the percentage of men with MSM history in the last 3 months with the indefinite deferral in place was similar to the percentage noncompliant, while the 3‐month deferral was in place. MSM donors did not report high‐risk behaviors for which they would otherwise be deferred in any survey. Following the change, an estimated 4467 MSM per year were eligible to donate, an increase from 2501 estimated eligible MSM donors following the change to the 1‐year deferral.ConclusionWith progressively shorter MSM deferral periods, HIV residual risk was unchanged. The proportion of male donors with deferrable MSM history remained low, while those with temporally remote MSM history became eligible, increasing the number of eligible MSM donors.
Techno-Economic Impact Assessments of Energy Efficiency Improvements in the Industrial Combustion Systems
Authors: McLaughlin Eva , Choi Jun-Ki , Kissock Kelly 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Industrial energy efficiency assessments not only provide benefits to manufacturers but also generate significant economic and environmental benefits to localities, states, and the nation through indirect and induced benefits. Quantifying these benefits requires a systematic economic framework for capturing these interactions. This article employs methodologies for improving the energy efficiency of small- and medium-sized industry through their combustion systems. Combustion systems offer large opportunities to enhance energy efficiency through adopting advanced technologies and better-informed operations. The case studies presented illuminate the potential savings and impacts from implementing energy-efficient combustion recommendations and the importance of energy audits and energy efficiency in the fight against climate change. This study describes and quantifies the cascading economic and environmental impacts of implementing the industrial energy efficiency recommendations offered by an energy auditing program by participating facilities over a 10-year period. Results showed that it is expected that a total of $185 M would be saved in energy costs, and 2.3 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions would be avoided annually, and about 972 jobs could be created in the studied region if all the combustion recommendations would be implemented. The broader view afforded by the proposed study can be used to support better energy-efficient practices in manufacturing facilities, communities, and states.
Identifying Fundamental Motor Skills Building Blocks in Preschool Children From Brazil and the United States: A Network Analysis
Authors: Martins Clarice , Webster E. Kipling , Bandeira Paulo Felipe Ribeiro , Staiano Amanda E. 
Published: December 2021

Fundamental motor skills (FMSs) are building blocks for future movements and may vary according to cultural context. Moreover, network analysis can identify which skills contribute most to an overall set of skills. This study identified the most influential FMS in samples of U.S. and Brazil preschoolers that may contribute to a pattern of adequate motor skills. Participants were 101 Brazilian (55 boys; 47.52 ± 5.57 months of age) and 236 U.S. preschoolers (108 boys; 49.56 ± 8.27 months of age), who provided completed FMS assessments (Test of Gross Motor Development—third edition). Confirmatory factorial analysis was used to test alternative models. To quantify the importance of each variable in the network, the expected influence was calculated, using the network analysis Mplus, Rstudio, and JASP (version 0.14.1). Reduced models with nine and 11 FMS for Brazilian and U.S. preschoolers, respectively, showed adequate adjustment indexes. Jump (1.412) and one-hand strike (0.982) in the Brazilian sample, and hop (1.927) and dribble (0.858) in the U.S. sample, showed the highest expected influence values. This study presents a new perspective to report which are the most important FMS in preschoolers of different sociocultural contexts, which act as building blocks for the acquisition of more complex motor skills.
Hypogenic karst of the Great Basin
Authors: Hose* Louise D. , DuChene* Harvey R. , Jones Daniel , Baker* Gretchen M. , Havlena Zoë , Sweetkind Donald , Powell Doug 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Discoveries in the 1980s greatly expanded speleologists’ understanding of the role that hypogenic groundwater flow can play in developing caves at depth. Ascending groundwater charged with carbon dioxide and, especially, hydrogen sulfide can readily dissolve carbonate bedrock just below and above the water table. Sulfuric acid speleogenesis, in which anoxic, rising, sulfidic groundwater mixes with oxygenated cave atmosphere to form aggressive sulfuric acid (H2SO4) formed spectacular caves in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, USA. Cueva de Villa Luz in Mexico provides an aggressively active example of sulfuric acid speleogenesis processes, and the Frasassi Caves in Italy preserve the results of sulfuric acid speleogenesis in its upper levels while sulfidic groundwater currently enlarges cave passages in the lower levels.
Many caves in east-central Nevada and western Utah (USA) are products of hypogenic speleogenesis and formed before the current topography fully developed. Wet climate during the late Neogene and Pleistocene brought extensive meteoric infiltration into the caves, and calcite speleothems (e.g., stalactites, stalagmites, shields) coat the walls and floors of the caves, concealing evidence of the earlier hypogenic stage. However, by studying the speleogenetic features in well-established sulfuric acid speleogenesis caves, evidence of hypogenic, probably sulfidic, speleogenesis in many Great Basin caves can be teased out. Compelling evidence of hypogenic speleogenesis in these caves include folia, mammillaries, bubble trails, cupolas, and metatyuyamunite. Sulfuric acid speleogenesis signs include hollow coralloid stalagmites, trays, gypsum crust, pseudoscallops, rills, and acid pool notches. Lehman Caves in Great Basin National Park is particularly informative because a low-permeability capstone protected about half of the cave from significant meteoric infiltration, preserving early speleogenetic features.
Barrier islands of the central Georgia coast: Formation, function, and future
Authors: McLachlan Robin L. , Deemy James B. , Takagi Kimberly K. , Gannon Damon P. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Georgia’s coastline is composed of a series of short, wide, mixed-energy (tide-dominated) barrier islands, each backed by extensive marsh, topped with mobile dunes, and flanked by deep inlets. Many of the islands, particularly those along the southern Georgia coast, consist of Pleistocene cores surrounded by mobile deposits that attached during the Holocene sea-level transgression. Positioned within the head of the funnel-shaped South Atlantic Bight, tidal ranges here commonly reach ~2–3 m. As a result, inlets are numerous and the back-barrier environment hosts nearly 400,000 acres of salt marsh. Today, many of the barriers are transgressive, and hard structures such as revetments and groins are becoming increasingly more common to stabilize shorelines along the four developed islands. This field guide presents evidence of island formation, modern ecologic function, and likely future changes for three island groups: (1) Blackbeard, Cabretta, and Sapelo Islands; (2) Sea Island and St. Simons Island; and (3) Jekyll Island. The field trip provides evidence of the Pleistocene-age island cores, the natural southward migration of the mobile Holocene-age sandy shorelines, and the impacts of storm erosion and hard structures built to combat that erosion. This field guide serves as the static, print companion to an online virtual field trip (https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/0aa3fd921cc4458da0a19a928e5fa87c).
Developing landslide chronologies using landslide-dammed lakes in the Oregon Coast Range
Authors: Wetherell Logan R. , Struble William T. , LaHusen Sean R. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The Oregon Coast Range is a dynamic landscape that is continually shaped by shallow and deep-seated landslides that can have disastrous consequences to infrastructure and human lives. Searching for evidence of potentially coseismic mass wasting is incredibly difficult, particularly when historical observations are limited. Landslide-dammed lakes with submerged “ghost forests” in the Oregon Coast Range present the unique opportunity to establish landslide chronologies with subannual accuracy when dendrochronology is applied. This field guide will visit the unique landslide-dammed Klickitat Lake and explore a drowned ‘ghost forest’ to discuss methods used to establish a prehistoric landslide chronology in western Oregon, USA. After exploring the lake and exposing its geomorphic secrets, the guide will end with a stop on Marys Peak, a mafic volcanic intrusion composed of gabbroic dikes and pillow basalt that forms the highest point in the Oregon Coast Range. With the landscape of western Oregon laid out before us, we will discuss short- and long-term geomorphic evolution of the Oregon Coast Range and Willamette Valley.