bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment methods for analyzing steviol glycosides in diverse food samples
Authors: Park Jung‐Min , Lee Jung‐Hoon , Koh Jong‐Ho , Kim Jin‐Man 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSteviol glycosides are well‐known food sweeteners; their consumption has steadily increased over time. A pretreatment method was developed and validated to better separate rebaudioside A and stevioside from various protein‐rich and fatty foods for quantification. This method was applied to soy sauce in liquid type and fish cake and coffee in solid type. Parameters such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision were calculated. Calibration curves were linear in the working range of 5–100 mg/l, with coefficients of determination ≥0.99. The LOD and LOQ were in the ranges of 0.16–0.39 and 0.52–1.28 mg/kg, respectively. The percentage recoveries of the fortified samples were in the 88.01%–103.09% range, and the relative standard deviation was <10%. Method validation predicted a desirable accuracy, linearity, and precision. Therefore, the developed method can be practically applied for the quantitation of steviol glycosides in various foods, including soy sauce in liquid type and fish cake and coffee in solid type.
Anthocyanins from purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulia Sims) rind—An innovative source for nonbleachable pigment production
Authors: Liu Jiaman , Teng Bo , Zhang Xiaofeng , Dai Minghui , Lin Yue , Liu Yang , McRae Jacqui M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPassion fruit rind is a waste product from the beverage industry that is rich in anthocyanins that can be potentially applied as a natural colorant. However, the inherent instability of anthocyanins causes rapid discoloration. In this study, the cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C‐3‐G) in passion fruit rind was extracted using 50% ethanol and converted into nonbleachable pigments by reaction with Oolong tea extracts and acetaldehyde. Reactions over 70 days formed high concentrations of stable nonbleachable pigments (3.07–6.68 absorbance unit [A.U.], in total) such as pyranoanthocyanins, as well as oligomeric and polymeric pigments with ethyl‐linked bridges. In C‐3‐G and acetaldehyde reaction, positive relations were found among acetaldehyde concentration, color density, and nonbleachable pigment concentrations. As for reactions with C‐3‐G and Oolong tea extract combined with acetaldehyde, greater color density and greater concentrations of nonbleachable pigments (10.80–12.34, 4.25–4.40 A.U., respectively) were formed compared with acetaldehyde alone. In addition, the antioxidant capabilities of the extracts were enhanced after reaction with Oolong tea extracts. The results of this study show a useful method to enhance the stability of anthocyanins from passion fruit rind and also provide greater economic value to this waste product.Practical ApplicationRipened passion fruits contain a high concentration of anthocyanins in their rind. These anthocyanins can be optimally extracted by ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction to provide stable pigments by inducing acetaldehyde (a volatile compound often found in foods and beverages) into the anthocyanins. These stable pigments have a greater reddish hue in solution than the anthocyanin extracted from the rind and are more stable over a greater pH range. In addition, these stable pigments can be potentially used as colorant throughout the food and cosmetic industry to provide high economical values.
Remission of chronic spontaneous urticaria following omalizumab with gradually extended dosing intervals: Real‐life data
Authors: Salman Andac , Aktas Meryem , Apti Sengun Ozlem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOmalizumab is a well‐established treatment option in chronic spontaneous urticaria unresponsive to antihistamines at standard or higher doses. However, characteristics of the remission and relapse following the withdrawal of omalizumab remain largely unknown. We aimed to define the characteristics of remission in CSU following omalizumab with gradually lengthened dosing intervals in this retrospective study of 102 patients who were treated with at least 3 doses of omalizumab between 2013 and 2020. Of 102 patients, 70 (68.6%) showed a CR to omalizumab at standard doses. Omalizumab could be discontinued in 47 of 70 patients using gradually lengthened dosing intervals. Following a mean follow‐up duration of 12.2 months, 25 (58.1%) patients were still in remission while 18 (41.9%) had relapse (Follow‐up data were not available in 4 patients). The relapses were unresponsive to antihistamines in 14 patients (77.7%), however, re‐treatment with omalizumab led to complete control of symptoms. The patients younger than 40 were more likely to relapse. Despite the need for comparison with fixed‐dosing intervals in larger, prospective studies, the results of this study imply that omalizumab with gradually extended dosing intervals might provide a long duration of remission in CSU.
Effect of point‐of‐care gastrointestinal ultrasound on decision‐making and management in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Friedman Antony B. , Asthana Anil , Knowles Simon R. , Robbins Aphra , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundGastrointestinal ultrasound is increasingly used for point of care assessment of inflammatory bowel disease.AimsTo explore the utility of gastrointestinal ultrasound as a point‐of‐care assessment tool from the perspectives of the clinician and patient.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study was designed utilising routine outpatient consultations. Adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease were allocated to receive gastrointestinal ultrasound or not at the discretion of their treating clinician. Patients completed self‐reported session experience questionnaires at study entry, immediately after their consultation, and 4 and 16 weeks later. Clinicians reported disease activity status, therapeutic decisions and clinical management.ResultsOf 259 participants, mean age 40 (SD: 13) years, 54% male, 73 (28%) underwent ultrasound. Time since diagnosis was 9.2 (8.5) years (ultrasound) and 11.3 (9.2) years (no ultrasound). Immediately after ultrasound, patients who self‐reported active disease reported better understanding of all aspects of their disease and disease symptoms were more confident in their ability to make informed decisions about managing their disease and had improved knowledge domain scores compared with the non‐ultrasound group (all P < 0.05). Ultrasound had no influence over the patients' ability to manage their own healthcare but tended to be associated with transient improvement in medication adherence. After the ultrasound, the clinician's assessment of patient's disease activity changed in 22% (16/73) and management was altered in 56% (41/73) with anti‐inflammatory therapy escalated in 33. About 47% (23/49) patients with Crohn's disease had their medication changed in the ultrasound group, compared to only 22% (25/112) in the nonultrasound group (P = 0.002). For patients with ulcerative colitis, medications were altered in 68% (15/22) compared to 26% (24/70) in the nonultrasound group (P = 0.005) When stratified for disease activity, medication change was more likely in those having ultrasound (P = 0.024).ConclusionsPoint‐of‐care gastrointestinal ultrasound has the potential to enhance the clinical management of inflammatory bowel disease by contributing to clinician decision‐making and education of patients regarding their disease.
PD‐L1 expression and immune stromal features in HPV‐independent cervical adenocarcinoma
Authors: Song Fuqin , Jia Meng , Yu Shili , Cao Lanqing , Sun Ping‐Li , Gao Hongwen 
Published: June 2021

AimsHuman papilloma virus (HPV)‐independent cervical adenocarcinoma (CA) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, while the therapeutic options are limited. Therefore, effective treatment options are required. The programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) inhibitor pembrolizumab has been approved for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma expressing PD‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). However, no data regarding PD‐L1 expression in HPV‐independent CA are available. Thus, we evaluated the association between PD‐L1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of patients with HPV‐independent CA.MethodsWe evaluated PD‐L1, mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression and the immune stromal features of 44 patients with HPV‐independent CA. PD‐L1 expression was defined as a combined positive score (CPS) ≥1 and a tumour proportion score (TPS) ≥1%.ResultsPD‐L1 expression was observed in 14 cases (31.8%) with CPS ≥1 and 12 cases (27.3%) with TPS ≥1%. PD‐L1 expression, based on either the CPS or the TPS, was associated with a high tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte percentage (CPS = P < 0.001; TPS = P < 0.001). Patients with a PD‐L1 CPS ≥1 showed worse progression‐free survival and overall survival than PD‐L1‐negative patients (P = 0.004 and P = 0.023, respectively). Forty‐two cases demonstrated intact MMR expression and two cases demonstrated loss of MSH2/MSH6.ConclusionsOur data demonstrated that PD‐L1 was expressed in HPV‐independent CA, especially in clear cell carcinoma, and that PD‐L1 expression is a negative prognostic marker. Our data support the role of PD‐L1 in HPV‐independent CA and its potential as an immunotherapeutic target.
Sodium glucose‐linked transport protein 2 inhibitors: An overview of genitourinary and perioperative implications
Authors: Chandrashekar Mohit , Philip Stuart , Nesbitt Alexander , Joshi Andre , Perera Marlon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSodium glucose‐linked transport protein 2 inhibitors are relatively novel drugs, used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their use since Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme approval in Australia has increased drastically, possibly due to the low risk of hypoglycemic events and their advertised cardiovascular mortality benefits. However, as with any novel drug, adverse effects regarding their use require medical practitioner awareness for optimal patient outcomes. This paper aims to cover the major urological implications, including those pertinent perioperatively, that concern this class of drugs. There is a clear risk of developing genital mycotic infections with the use of sodium glucose‐linked transport protein 2 inhibitors, including serious infections such as Fournier’s gangrene. Evidence for developing urinary tract infections has been mixed. Sodium glucose‐linked transport protein 2 inhibitor‐induced lower urinary tract symptoms may have impacts on quality of life via pollakiuria and nocturia, of which there are increased reports. Perioperative use increases the risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. It is recommended that sodium glucose‐linked transport protein 2 inhibitors be ceased perioperatively.
Surgery for renal cell carcinoma extending to the right atrium in Japanese institutions: Focusing on cardiopulmonary bypass with or without deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
Authors: Ishiyama Yudai , Kondo Tsunenori , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Takagi Toshio , Iizuka Junpei , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the outcomes of Japanese patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing surgery for tumor thrombus invading the right atrium.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 23 patients who underwent extracorporeal circulation‐assisted surgery at two institutions. Perioperative outcomes and survival rates were evaluated and compared between two groups of patients, which were set according to the use or not of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Data on systemic treatments were assessed.ResultsThe median age was 64 years; the majority of patients were fit according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Five (21.7%) patients had at least one distant metastasis, and 17 (73.9%) received systemic therapy. A total of 16 (69.6%) patients underwent deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Patients who underwent deep hypothermic circulatory arrest had a non‐significant reduction in blood loss compared with those who did not undergo this procedure (1866.0 vs 3513.0 mL, P = 0.102). The complication rate, both of any grade (43.8% vs 71.4%, P = 0.215) and grade ≥3 (6.3% vs 28.6%, P = 0.162), tended to be lower in patients who underwent deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. The mean 90‐day mortality rate was 8.7%, with no difference among groups (6.3% vs 14.3%, respectively; P = 0.545). The overall median cancer‐specific and overall survival were both 64.4 months, and did not differ between groups.ConclusionsRenal cell carcinoma patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation‐assisted surgery and systemic therapy for right atrial tumor thrombus have acceptable long‐term survival rates. Outcomes are comparable regardless of the use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
Optimal two‐level trade credit with credit‐dependent demand in a newsvendor model
Authors: Wang Pingfan , Bi Gongbing , Yan Xiaoming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA two‐level trade‐credit mode, in which both supplier and retailer provide trade credit to their buyers, is prevalent in several types of markets. This paper investigates the optimal trade credits provided by the supplier and retailer, and the optimal order quantity, assuming credit‐dependent demand in a newsvendor model. The strategic interaction between the supplier and retailer is modeled as a Stackelberg game with the supplier as the leader. We provide conditions under which the optimal decisions on trade credits and order quantity can be uniquely determined, which enable us to examine the relationship between the optimal trade credits and describe conditions providing them. We also compare the credit contract and price contract in profit, consumer surplus, social welfare, double marginalization, and supply chain coordination, and our analysis shows that the trade‐credit contract amounts to an alternative for the price contract. Finally, we use several numerical examples to illustrate the theoretical results and provide managerial insights.
Blood pressure variability and cognitive dysfunction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal cohort studies
Authors: Chiu Tzu‐Jung , Yeh Jiunn‐Tyng , Huang Chi‐Jung , Chiang Chern‐En , Sung Shih‐Hsien , Chen Chen‐Huan , Cheng Hao‐Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe variability of blood pressure (BPV) has been suggested as a clinical indicator for cognitive dysfunction, yet the results from clinical studies are variable. This study investigated the relationship between BPV and the risk of cognitive decline or dementia. Bibliographic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, were searched systematically for longitudinal cohort studies with BPV measurements and neuropsychological examinations or dementia diagnosis. A traditional meta‐analysis with subgroup analysis, and a further dose‐response meta‐analysis were conducted. Twenty cohort studies with 7 924 168 persons were included in this review. The results showed that a higher systolic BPV (SBPV), when measured with the coefficient of variation (SBP‐CV) or standard deviation (SBP‐SD), was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause dementia diagnosis but not incidence of cognitive decline on neuropsychological examinations. In subgroup analysis, the effect was more prominent when using BPV of shorter timeframes, during shorter follow‐ups, or among the elderly aged more than 65 years. No dose‐response relationship could be found. Our study suggested possible positive associations between SBPV and the risk of dementia. Further studies are required to validate these findings.
Is heart rate variability biofeedback useful in children and adolescents? A systematic review
Authors: Dormal Valérie , Vermeulen Nicolas , Mejias Sandrine 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHeart rate variability (HRV) is considered as an index of both physical and emotional health, and biofeedback aiming to increase the level of HRV has demonstrated extensive beneficial effects. Although HRV biofeedback is commonly and reliably applied in adults, the use of this technique, alone or in addition to other treatments, in children and adolescents has not been widely explored to date.MethodsThis systematic review following PRISMA guidelines covers all human studies using HRV biofeedback in children and adolescents. A literature search was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus, and a standardized methodological quality assessment was performed.ResultsResults showed the efficiency of HRV biofeedback sessions with children and adolescents to reduce physical and mental health‐related symptoms and enhance well‐being.ConclusionsThese findings underline the therapeutic value of using HRV biofeedback as a complement to more conventional behavioural and cognitive interventions to help children to manage stress and/or pain. Capitalizing on the identified strengths and shortcomings of available results, we propose research avenues as well as evidence‐based clinical guidelines for using HRV biofeedback in clinical paediatric settings.
The burden of neurological comorbidities in six autoimmune bullous diseases: a population‐based study
Authors: Kridin K. , Hübner F. , Recke A. , Linder R. , Schmidt E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundApart from bullous pemphigoid (BP), the association of other autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) with neurological conditions is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo estimate the association between a wide array of AIBDs and neurological conditions.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study recruited patients with BP, mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), pemphigoid gestationis (PG), pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF). These patients were compared with their age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects with regard to the lifetime prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke, epilepsy and multiple sclerosis (MS). Logistic regression was used to calculate OR for specified neurological disorders.ResultsThe current study included 1743, 251, 106, 126, 860 and 103 patients diagnosed with BP, MMP, EBA, PG, PV and PF, respectively. These patients were compared with 10 141, 1386, 606, 933, 5142 and 588 matched controls, respectively. Out of the investigated neurological conditions, PD associated with BP (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 2.19–3.35); AD with BP (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.73–2.57), MMP (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.03–5.47), EBA (OR, 6.00; 95% CI, 1.90–18.97) and PV (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.40–3.60); stroke with BP (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.55–2.19) and EBA (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.11–7.01); and epilepsy with BP (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.72–2.77) and PV (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.19–2.73). MS did not significantly cluster with any of the six AIBDs.ConclusionIn addition to BP, EBA and PV were found to cluster with neurological comorbidities. Patients with these AIBDs with compatible symptoms may be carefully assessed for comorbid neurological disorders.
Liver fibrosis and fatty liver as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Tamaki Nobuharu , Kurosaki Masayuki , Takahashi Yuka , Itakura Yoshie , Inada Kento , Kirino Sakura , Yamashita Koji , Sekiguchi Shuhei , Hayakawa Yuka , Osawa Leona , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Kaneko Shun , Yasui Yutaka , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Itakura Jun , Izumi Namiki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe association between liver fibrosis, fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is unknown. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association of liver fibrosis and fatty liver with CVD risk independent of already known CVD risk comorbidities.MethodsThis is a prospective study registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network clinical trial registry (UMIN000036175). Liver fibrosis was assessed by serum fibrosis markers including FIB‐4, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2 binding protein (WFA+‐M2BP), whereas fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasonography. CVD risk was evaluated using the Framingham risk score (FRS), and a high CVD risk was defined as an FRS ≥ 20%.ResultsA total of 3512 subjects were enrolled, and high CVD risk (FRS ≥ 20%) was observed in 17.5%. Advanced fibrosis (FIB‐4 ≥ 2.67, NFS ≥ 0.675, and WFA+‐M2BP ≥ 1.0) and the presence of fatty liver were significantly associated with high CVD risk independent of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. When subjects were stratified by liver fibrosis and fatty liver, subjects with advanced fibrosis and fatty liver have the highest odds for high CVD risk (odds ratio [OR]: 5.90–35.6), followed by subjects with advanced fibrosis and without fatty liver (OR: 2.53–9.62) using subjects without advanced fibrosis and fatty liver as a reference.ConclusionsLiver fibrosis and fatty liver were associated with CVD risk independent of already known CVD risk comorbidities. The assessment of liver fibrosis and fatty liver may be useful to identify high CVD risk subjects.
Hepatic fatty acids profile, oxidative stability and egg quality traits ameliorated by supplementation of alternative lipid sources and milk thistle meal
Authors: Gholamalian Reihaneh , Mahdavi Amir Hossein , Riasi Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the effects of different levels of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) meal (MTM) on egg quality traits, oxidative stability, blood biochemical parameters and liver health indices in laying hens receiving diets supplemented with lipid from different sources. For this purpose, Leghorn laying hens (Hy‐Line W‐36) were randomly assigned to 12 experimental treatments with eight replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of four dietary fat sources (fish oil, sunflower oil, poultry oil and fat powder, each with different fatty acid profiles) and three levels of MTM (0.0, 15 and 30 g/kg) offered through 10 days of adaptation and 70 days of main recording. Results showed that dietary inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including fish or sunflower oils, reduced serum cholesterol content but increased blood malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p < 0.05). While fish oil improved the yolk colour index and Haugh unit (p < 0.05), it decreased yolk cholesterol concentration (p < 0.01). The highest hepatic glycogen content and tissue integrity as well as the lowest liver lipid percentage and MDA content were observed in birds fed diets supplemented with poultry oil. On the other hand, feeding 30 g/kg of MTM reduced not only hepatic lipid percentage but also aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities (p < 0.01), while it improved eggshell strength and thickness (p < 0.05). Supplementation of fat powder enhanced hepatic C16:0 content, while addition of poultry, sunflower or fish oil increased C18:1, C18:2 or C20:5 concentrations respectively (p < 0.01); nonetheless, feeding the highest level of MTM reduced hepatic ΣSFA but increased Σn‐3 fatty acids (p < 0.01). The interaction effects indicated that fish or sunflower oil supplementation increased the MTM level required to reduce not only serum or egg cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.05) but also blood or hepatic MDA content (p < 0.01). It was concluded that fish oil and MTM (30 g/kg) supplements might improve internal egg quality traits and eggshell quality respectively. The hepatic fatty acid profile was also found strongly correlated with dietary fatty acids. Finally, the best hepatic health indices and the highest oxidative stability were achieved when the birds were fed diets supplemented with poultry oil and 30 g/kg of MTM.