bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical Gyrification in Transgender Individuals
Authors: Wang Yanlu , Khorashad Behzad S , Feusner Jamie D , Savic Ivanka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGender incongruence (GI) is characterized by a feeling of estrangement from the own body in the context of self. GI is often described in people who identify as transgender. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. Data from MRI measurements and tests of own body perception triggered us to pose a model that GI in transgender persons (TGI) could be associated with a disconnection within the brain circuits mediating the perception of own body as self. This is a departure from a previous model of sex atypical cerebral dimorphism, introducing a concept that better accords with a core feature of TGI. The present MRI study of 54 hormone naive transmen (TrM), 38 transwomen (TrW), 44 cismen and 41 ciswomen show that cortical gyrification, a metric that reflects early maturation of cerebral cortex, is significantly lower in transgender compared with cisgender participants. This reduction is limited to the occipito-parietal cortex and the sensory motor cortex, regions encoding own body image and body ownership. Moreover, the cortical gyrification correlated inversely with own body-self incongruence in these regions. These novel data suggest that GI in TGI may originate in the neurodevelopment of body image encoding regions. The results add potentially to understanding neurobiological contributors to gender identity.
Binary Tree Encryption with Constant-Size Public Key in the Standard Model
Authors: Feng Shengyuan , Gong Junqing , Chen Jie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Binary tree encryption is an intriguing primitive that enables many practical applications to achieve an increasing important security feature, forward security. However, the public key size of existing constructions grows linearly with the depth of the underlying binary tree in the standard model. To support more secret keys associated with nodes, it is often expected that the tree has a sufficiently large depth. This places a burden on employing it implicitly or explicitly in real world. In this work, we show how to compress linear-size public key down to constant-size public key and give our construction featuring constant-size public key in the standard model. We prove that our construction achieves an improved security, adaptive security, under the matrix decision Diffie–Hellman assumption, which is a generalization of standard $k$-Lin assumption. Moreover, our key-generation, key-derivation and encryption algorithms have lower time complexity than that of the prior construction, leading to further efficiency improvements. To illustrate these improvements in practice, we give an implementation of our construction and the prior one and then evaluate the performance in the tree depth.
FlyORF-TaDa allows rapid generation of new lines for in vivo cell-type-specific profiling of protein–DNA interactions in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Aughey Gabriel N , Delandre Caroline , McMullen John P D , Southall Tony D , Marshall Owen J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Targeted DamID (TaDa) is an increasingly popular method of generating cell-type-specific DNA-binding profiles in vivo. Although sensitive and versatile, TaDa requires the generation of new transgenic fly lines for every protein that is profiled, which is both time-consuming and costly. Here, we describe the FlyORF-TaDa system for converting an existing FlyORF library of inducible open reading frames (ORFs) to TaDa lines via a genetic cross, with recombinant progeny easily identifiable by eye color. Profiling the binding of the H3K36me3-associated chromatin protein MRG15 in larval neural stem cells using both FlyORF-TaDa and conventional TaDa demonstrates that new lines generated using this system provide accurate and highly reproducible DamID-binding profiles. Our data further show that MRG15 binds to a subset of active chromatin domains in vivo. Courtesy of the large coverage of the FlyORF library, the FlyORF-TaDa system enables the easy creation of TaDa lines for 74% of all transcription factors and chromatin-modifying proteins within the Drosophila genome.
Predator stomach contents can provide accurate indices of prey biomass
Authors: Ng Elizabeth L , Deroba Jonathan J , Essington Timothy E , Grüss Arnaud , Smith Brian E , Thorson James T 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiet-based annual biomass indices can potentially use predator stomach contents to provide information about prey biomass and may be particularly useful for species that are otherwise poorly sampled, including ecologically important forage fishes. However, diet-based biomass indices may be sensitive to underlying ecological dynamics between predators and prey, such as predator functional responses and changes in overlap in space and time. To evaluate these factors, we fit spatio-temporal models to stomach contents of five Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) predators and survey catch data for predators and Atlantic herring. We identified drivers of variation in stomach contents, evaluated spatial patterns in stomach content data, and produced predator-specific indices of seasonal Atlantic herring biomass. After controlling for spatio-temporal processes and predator length, diet-based indices of biomass shared similar decadal trends but varied substantially between predators and seasons on shorter time scales. Diet-based indices reflected prey biomass more than prey availability, but weak correlations indicated that not all biological processes were controlled for. Results provide potential guidance for developing diet-based biomass indices and contribute to a body of evidence demonstrating the utility of predator diet data to provide information about relative prey biomass.
Regulation of Reelin functions by specific proteolytic processing in the brain
Authors: Hattori Mitsuharu , Kohno Takao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The secreted glycoprotein Reelin plays important roles in both brain development and function. During development, Reelin regulates neuronal migration and dendrite development. In the mature brain, the glycoprotein is involved in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. It has been suggested that Reelin loss or decreased function contributes to the onset and/or deterioration of neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. While the molecular mechanisms underpinning Reelin function remain unclear, recent studies have suggested that the specific proteolytic cleavage of Reelin may play central roles in the embryonic and postnatal brain. In this review, we focus on Reelin proteolytic processing and review its potential physiological roles.
The Impact of Multidisciplinary Conferences on Treatment Plans for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Tertiary Canadian Centre
Authors: Hartford Luke B , Allen Laura J , Lennox Heather , Jairath Vipul , Van Koughnett Julie Ann M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Multidisciplinary conference presentation may provide recommendations for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods
A prospective observational study was completed evaluating if case presentation resulted in a direct change in management for patients presented over a 2-year period in a tertiary Canadian centre. Change in management was defined as hospital admission, surgery or surgical referral, start/change in biologic therapy or other medication or initiation of parenteral nutrition. Secondary outcomes included the involvement of specialists and other referrals. Data were analyzed using frequencies and means with standard deviations.

Results
In 63 multidisciplinary conferences, 181 patients were presented, of whom 136 patients met the inclusion criteria of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s n = 45, ulcerative colitis n = 88, undifferentiated n = 3). The majority were outpatient cases 110 (81%). Indications included 71 (52%) patients presented for IBD management with diagnosis &gt; 1 year, 37 (27%) with an acute IBD flare in a chronic patient (&gt;1 year since diagnosis) and 24 (18%) with new diagnosis of IBD. Change in management was recommended in 35 (26%) patients. The most common change was referral to surgery in 17 (13%), surgery in 12 (9%) or change in biologic therapy 11 (8%). Compliance with the recommendations was 85%. There was frequent specialist involvement in case discussions (gastroenterologist 100%, surgeon 60%, radiologist 68% and pathologist 32%).

Conclusions
Presentation of complex inflammatory bowel disease cases at multidisciplinary conference leads to a direct change in treatment in one quarter of cases, with surgical referral as the most frequent outcome.
Jejunal perforation secondary to migrated biliary stent
Authors: Tabone Renee , Yuide Peter , Burstow Matthew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An 80-year-old female presented with acute left-sided abdominal pain. Cross-sectional imaging demonstrated a contained perforation around a migrated biliary stent within a large incisional hernia. Significant surgical background included an open cholecystectomy complicated by bile leak and insertion of a biliary stent 2.5 years prior. The stent had migrated at the time of attempted retrieval 10 weeks post-insertion. A decision was made to pursue conservative management after which time she remained asymptomatic until her acute presentation. Emergency laparotomy, adhesiolysis, stent removal, small bowel resection and abdominal wall closure were successfully performed in this case. In the setting of the biliary stent migration, it is important to consider individual patient’s risk factors for acute perforation, such as intra-abdominal adhesions or diverticular disease, when deliberating conservative management versus elective surgical intervention for stent retrieval.
Post-translational modifications regulate the activity of the growth-restricting protease DA1
Authors: Chen Ying , Inzé Dirk , Vanhaeren Hannes 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Plants are a primary food source and can form the basis for renewable energy resources. The final size of their organs is by far the most important trait to consider when seeking increased plant productivity. Being multicellular organisms, plant organ size is mainly determined by the coordination between cell proliferation and cell expansion. The protease DA1 limits the duration of cell proliferation and thereby restricts final organ size. Since its initial identification as a negative regulator of organ growth, various transcriptional regulators of DA1, but also interacting proteins, have been identified. These interactors include cleavage substrates of DA1, and also proteins that modulate the activity of DA1 through post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, deubiquitination, and phosphorylation. In addition, many players in the DA1 pathway display conserved phenotypes in other dicot and even monocot species. In this review, we provide a timely overview of the complex, but intriguing, molecular mechanisms that fine-tune the activity of DA1 and therefore final organ size. Moreover, we lay out a roadmap to identify and characterize substrates of proteases and frame the substrate cleavage events in their biological context.
Exact solution of one-dimensional relativistic jet with relativistic equation of state
Authors: Joshi Raj Kishor , Chattopadhyay Indranil , Ryu Dongsu , Yadav Lallan 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the evolution of one-dimensional relativistic jets, using the exact solution of the Riemann problem for relativistic flows. For this purpose, we solve equations for the ideal special relativistic fluid composed of dissimilar particles in flat space-time and the thermodynamics of fluid is governed by a relativistic equation of state. We obtain the exact solution of jets impinging on denser ambient media. The time variation of the cross-section of the jet-head is modelled and incorporated. We present the initial condition that gives rise to a reverse shock. If the jet-head cross-section increases in time, the jet propagation speed slows down significantly and the reverse-shock may recede opposite to the propagation direction of the jet. We show that the composition of jet and ambient medium can affect the jet solution significantly. For instance, the propagation speed depends on the composition and is maximum for a pair-dominated jet, rather than a pure electron-positron or electron-proton jet. The propagation direction of the reverse-shock may also strongly depend on the composition of the jet.
Impact of a Mortality Prediction Rule for Organizing and Guiding Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Activities
Authors: Collins Curtis D , Kollmeyer Scott , Scheidel Caleb , Dietzel Christopher J , Leeman Lauren R , Morrin Cheryl , Malani Anurag N 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) surveillance at our hospital is supplemented by an internally developed surveillance database. In 2013, the database incorporated a validated, internally developed, prediction rule for patient mortality within 30 days of hospital admission. This study describes the impact of an expanded ASP review in patients at the highest risk for mortality.MethodsThis retrospective, quasi-experimental study analyzed adults who received antimicrobials with the highest mortality risk score. Study periods were defined as 2011–Q3 2013 (historical group) and Q4 2013–2018 (intervention group). Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed for confounders and analyzed using both unadjusted and propensity score weighted analyses. Interrupted time-series analyses also analyzed key outcomes.ResultsA total of 3282 and 5456 patients were included in the historical and intervention groups, respectively. There were significant reductions in median antimicrobial duration (5 vs 4 days; P &lt; .001), antimicrobial days of therapy (8 vs 7; P &lt; .001), antimicrobial cost ($96 vs $85; P = .003), length of stay (LOS) (6 vs 5 days; P &lt; .001), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (3 vs 2 days; P &lt; .001), total hospital cost ($10 946 vs $9119; P &lt; .001), healthcare facility-onset vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (HO-VRE) incidence (1.3% vs 0.3%; P ≤ .001), and HO-VRE infections (0.6% vs 0.2%; P = .018) in the intervention cohort.ConclusionsReductions in antimicrobial use, hospital and ICU LOS, HO-VRE, HO-VRE infections, and costs were associated with incorporation of a novel mortality prediction rule to guide ASP surveillance and intervention.
Prospective Associations of Physical Frailty With Future Falls and Fear of Falling: A 48-Month Cohort Study
Authors: Makino Keitaro , Lee Sangyoon , Bae Seongryu , Chiba Ippei , Harada Kenji , Katayama Osamu , Shinkai Yohei , Makizako Hyuma , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
The present study aimed to examine the prospective associations of physical frailty with future falls and fear of falling (FOF) among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
A prospective cohort study with a 48-month follow-up was conducted in a Japanese community. Participants were 2469 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older who completed baseline and follow-up assessments at intervals of 48 ± 2 months. Primary outcomes were recent falls (defined as at least one fall within the past year) and FOF (determined by response to “Are you afraid of falling?”) at follow-up survey. Physical frailty, operationalized by the frailty phenotype (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, weight loss, and low activity) based on the criteria of the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS), was also assessed as a predictor of future falls and FOF.

Results
Multivariable logistic regression showed that prefrailty or frailty increase the risk of not only future falls (odds ratio [OR]: 1.57; 95% CI = 1.20–2.05) but also FOF (OR: 1.33; 95%CI = 1.05–1.69). In addition, the relationship between baseline frailty status and future falls remained significant after adjusting for baseline FOF (OR: 1.55; 95% CI = 1.19–2.02), and the relationship between baseline frailty status and future FOF also remained significant after adjusting for baseline falls (OR: 1.32; 95% CI = 1.04–1.68).

Conclusions
Frailty status may predict future falls and FOF among community-dwelling older adults. Strategies to prevent frailty may be beneficial to prevent not only future falls but also future FOF in a community setting.

Impact
Falls and FOF have a close relationship but a different clinical meaning. Older adults with physical frailty may require monitoring as high risk not only for falls but also for FOF.
Lower vitamin D is associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in systemic lupus: data from an international inception cohort
Authors: Chew Christine , Reynolds John A , Lertratanakul Apinya , Wu Peggy , Urowitz Murray , Gladman Dafna D , Fortin Paul R , Bae Sang-Cheol , Gordon Caroline , Clarke Ann E , Bernatsky Sasha , Hanly John G , Isenberg David , Rahman Anisur , Sanchez-Guerrero Jorge , Romero-Diaz Juanita , Merrill Joan , Wallace Daniel , Ginzler Ellen , Khamashta Munther , Nived Ola , Jönsen Andreas , Steinsson Kristjan , Manzi Susan , Kalunian Ken , Dooley Mary Anne , Petri Michelle , Aranow Cynthia , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Stoll Thomas , Alarcón Graciela S , Lim S Sam , Ruiz-Irastorza Guillermo , Peschken Christine A , Askanase Anca D , Kamen Diane L , İnanç Murat , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind , Bruce Ian N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and metabolic syndrome (MetS) may both contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in SLE. We aimed to examine the association of demographic factors, SLE phenotype, therapy and vitamin D levels with MetS and insulin resistance.

Methods
The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) enrolled patients recently diagnosed with SLE (&lt;15 months) from 33 centres across 11 countries from 2000. Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data were collected. Vitamin D level was defined according to tertiles based on distribution across this cohort, which were set at T1 (10–36 nmol/l), T2 (37–60 nmol/l) and T3 (61–174 nmol/l). MetS was defined according to the 2009 consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Insulin resistance was determined using the HOMA-IR model. Linear and logistic regressions were used to assess the association of variables with vitamin D levels.

Results
Of the 1847 patients, 1163 (63%) had vitamin D measured and 398 (34.2%) subjects were in the lowest 25(OH)D tertile. MetS was present in 286 of 860 (33%) patients whose status could be determined. Patients with lower 25(OH)D were more likely to have MetS and higher HOMA-IR. The MetS components, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were all significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D. Increased average glucocorticoid exposure was associated with higher insulin resistance.

Conclusions
MetS and insulin resistance are associated with lower vitamin D in patients with SLE. Further studies could determine whether vitamin D repletion confers better control of these cardiovascular risk factors and improve long-term outcomes in SLE.
Extreme Binge Drinking During Adolescence: Associations With Subsequent Substance Use Disorders in American Indian and Mexican American Young Adults
Authors: Ehlers Cindy L. , Wills Derek , Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J. , Gilder David A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
This study collected retrospective data on adolescent binge drinking (ABD) (5 drinks for boys, 4 for girls per occasion at least once per month) and/or extreme adolescent binge drinking (EABD) (10 or more drinks per occasion at least once per month) and tested for associations with demographic and diagnostics variables including alcohol and other substance use disorders (AUD/SUD).

Methods:
Cross-sectional data were collected from young adult (age 18–30 yrs) American Indians (AI) (n = 534) and Mexican Americans (MA) (n = 704) using a semi-structured diagnostic instrument.

Results:
Thirty percent (30%) of the sample reported ABD and 21% reported EABD. Those having had monthly ABD were more likely to be AI and have less education; those having had EABD were more likely to be AI, male, younger, have less education and lower economic status compared to participants without ABD. ABD/EABD was associated with higher impulsivity, a family history of AUD, and lower level of response to alcohol (ORs = 1.0–2.0), as well as with adult AUD (ORs = 3.7–48), other substance use disorders (ORs = 3.5–9), and conduct disorder/ antisocial personality disorder (ORs = 2.0–2.6), but not with anxiety/depression. Monthly EABD further increased the odds of AUD/SUD.

Conclusions:
Although binge drinking was more common in AI compared to MA, there were little effects of race in individual risk factor analyses. Monthly ABD and EABD were common among these AI/MA as adolescents, and, as with other ethnic groups, these drinking patterns resulted in highly significant increases in the odds of developing alcohol and other substance use disorders in young adulthood.
Rates of Dual Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Suntharalingam Sinthuja , Johnson Dylan , Suresh Shalini , Thierrault François L. , De Sante Stephanie , Perinpanayagam Pawrnaa , Salamatmanesh Mina , Pajer Kathleen 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
Child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) inpatient admissions have increased since 2009 and the clinical profile of these patients has become more complex. Unrecognized dual diagnosis, that is, comorbid substance use or substance use disorder (SUD) may contribute to this problem, but the prevalence of dual diagnosis in this population is inadequately understood. The goal of this scoping review was to summarize the range and content of research on this topic.

Methods:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO databases were systematically searched for studies published from 2008 to 2019 containing information on rates of comorbid substance use or SUD in CAP inpatients.

Results:
A total of 23,326 abstracts were located. After removing duplicates, screening abstracts and full-text papers, and extracting data with full-text reviews, fourteen studies meeting our criteria remained. Rates of substance use or SUD ranged from 0.9% to 54.8%, differing on the basis of: (1) type of outcome; (2) type of data source; and (3) whether samples had a specific diagnostic focus or not. Rates of any type of SUD were reported in approximately 25% of samples from administrative databases, in 17.7% to 38.5% of chart reviews, and in 55% of studies with data from clinical research examinations. The highest rates of substance-specific substance use or SUD were for alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine.

Conclusions:
We located 14 studies, but methodologic heterogeneity precluded quantitative calculation of a single estimate for the prevalence of dual diagnosis. However, most of the rates suggest that this is an important problem in CAP inpatients, meriting further research. We suggest ways to improve future studies.