bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women, work and pandemic: An impact study of COVID‐19 lockdown on working women in India
Authors: Jasrotia Amithy , Meena Jigyasa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe first wave of the pandemic caused due to COVID‐19 was marked by a complete lockdown in India in March 2020. This unprecedented time and global health crisis pushed everyone indoors and compelled all employees to work from home (WFH). This study is an attempt to explore the challenges and possibilities of the WFH scenario in the context of working women in India. Around 203 women professionals participated through Google form questionnaire from May–June 2020 to fathom the impact of lockdown while working in the WFH format. This study employs the ‘the Standpoint theory’ and the theory of ‘Performative action’ by Judith Butler to grasp the work‐life balance and gender roles in family spaces. The results of the study have shown that although the spouses of these women are sharing some responsibilities of household and children, but still the main onus rests on women's shoulders. The identities attached with their working and non‐working status have been fused with the arrival of paid work at home. The majority of the respondents reported that they have to give a big share of their time to household activities by compromising their work efficacy on the job.
Which adults with sickle cell disease need an evaluation for pulmonary embolism?
Authors: El‐Amin Nadirah , Lauzon Steven D. , Nietert Paul J. , Kanter Julie 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIndividuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at an increased risk of venous thrombo‐embolism (VTE) including pulmonary embolisms (PEs). There is a high mortality associated with PE in individuals with SCD. It can be difficult to diagnose PE since presenting symptoms of PE often mimic those of other forms of vaso‐occlusive crisis in SCD. Currently, there are no validated models for predicting PEs in patients with sickle cell disease, which often leads to frequent CT scans and exposure to harmful radiation and intravenous contrast. The aim of this study was to evaluate different host variables and potential clinical biomarkers of patients with SCD including those used in the Wells score to assess predictability for PE in order to create a more accurate diagnostic algorithm to predict PE. A retrospective chart review was performed on 349 patients with SCD who underwent testing for a PE with a CT scan of the chest. Forward and backward stepwise model selection was performed to obtain a parsimonious model of the predictors of PEs. The incidence of PE in this population was 9·7%. Of the factors evaluated for this study, the Wells score was the only one with clinical significance. A Wells score greater than 4 had a sensitivity and specificity of 72·5% and 70·1%, respectively, and a score greater than 6 had a sensitivity and specificity of 50% and 87%, respectively. The Wells score is an acceptable clinical tool which may prove useful in individuals with SCD to predict who is most likely to have a PE and therefore should undergo a CT scan. A prospective study is needed to further confirm these findings.
The convoluted history of haem biosynthesis
Authors: Kořený Luděk , Oborník Miroslav , Horáková Eva , Waller Ross F. , Lukeš Julius 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe capacity of haem to transfer electrons, bind diatomic gases, and catalyse various biochemical reactions makes it one of the essential biomolecules on Earth and one that was likely used by the earliest forms of cellular life. Since the description of haem biosynthesis, our understanding of this multi‐step pathway has been almost exclusively derived from a handful of model organisms from narrow taxonomic contexts. Recent advances in genome sequencing and functional studies of diverse and previously neglected groups have led to discoveries of alternative routes of haem biosynthesis that deviate from the ‘classical’ pathway. In this review, we take an evolutionarily broad approach to illuminate the remarkable diversity and adaptability of haem synthesis, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, showing the range of strategies that organisms employ to obtain and utilise haem. In particular, the complex evolutionary histories of eukaryotes that involve multiple endosymbioses and horizontal gene transfers are reflected in the mosaic origin of numerous metabolic pathways with haem biosynthesis being a striking case. We show how different evolutionary trajectories and distinct life strategies resulted in pronounced tensions and differences in the spatial organisation of the haem biosynthesis pathway, in some cases leading to a complete loss of a haem‐synthesis capacity and, rarely, even loss of a requirement for haem altogether.
A single bout of cycling exercise induces nucleosome repositioning in the skeletal muscle of lean and overweight/obese individuals
Authors: Devarshi Prasad P. , Pereyra Andrea S. , Ellis Jessica M. , Henagan Tara M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the molecular and metabolic effects of a single exercise bout in the skeletal muscle between lean and overweight/obese (Ov/Ob) individuals.Materials and MethodsParticipants recruited were men, aged 19‐30 years, who were either lean (body mass index [BMI] < 25, 18.5−24.1 kg/m2; n = 15) or Ov/Ob (BMI ≥ 25, 25.5−36.9 kg/m2; n = 15). Four hours after a high‐carbohydrate breakfast (7 kcal/kg; 60% carbohydrate, 25% fat, 15% protein), participants performed a cycling exercise (50% VO2max, expending ~650 kcal). Muscle biopsies and peripheral blood samples were collected 30 minutes before the meal and immediately after exercise. Blood analysis, and muscle acylcarnitine profiles, transcriptomics, and nucleosome mapping by micrococcal nuclease digestion with deep sequencing were performed.ResultsA single exercise bout improved blood metabolite profiles in both lean and Ov/Ob individuals. Muscle long‐chain acylcarnitines were increased in Ov/Ob compared with lean participants, but were not altered by exercise. A single exercise bout increased the mRNA abundance of genes related to mitochondria and insulin signalling in both lean and Ov/Ob participants. Nucleosome mapping by micrococcal nuclease digestion with deep sequencing revealed that exercise repositioned the ‐1 nucleosome away from the transcription start site of thePGC1apromoter and of other mitochondrial genes, but did not affect genes related to insulin signalling, in both lean and Ov/Ob participants.ConclusionThese data suggest that a single exercise bout induced epigenetic alterations in skeletal muscle in a BMI‐independent manner.
Exploring the prevalence and profile of epilepsy across Europe using a standard retrospective chart review: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Linehan Christine , Benson Ailbhe , Gunko Alex , Christensen Jakob , Sun Yuelian , Tomson Torbjorn , Marson Anthony , Forsgren Lars , Trinka Eugen , Iliescu Catrinel , Althoehn Sonderup Julie , Werenberg Dreier Julie , Sandu Carmen , Leanca Madalina , Rainer Lucas , Kobulashvili Teia , Granbichler Claudia A. , Delanty Norman , Doherty Colin , Staines Anthony , Shahwan Amre ,   ESBACE Consortium and Collaborators
Published: September 2021

SummaryObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of epilepsy in four European countries (Austria, Denmark, Ireland, and Romania) employing a standard methodology. The study was conducted under the auspices of ESBACE (European Study on the Burden and Care of Epilepsy).MethodsAll hospitals and general practitioners serving a region of at least 50 000 persons in each country were asked to identify patients living in the region who had a diagnosis of epilepsy or experienced a single unprovoked seizure. Medical records were accessed, where available, to complete a standardized case report form. Data were sought on seizure frequency, seizure type, investigations, etiology, comorbidities, and use of antiseizure medication. Cases were validated in each country, and the degree of certainty was graded as definite, probable, or suspect cases.ResultsFrom a total population of 237 757 in the four countries, 1988 (.8%) patients were identified as potential cases of epilepsy. Due to legal and ethical issues in the individual countries, medical records were available for only 1208 patients, and among these, 113 had insufficient clinical information. The remaining 1095 cases were classified as either definite (n = 706, 64.5%), probable (n = 191, 17.4%), suspect (n = 153, 14.0%), or not epilepsy (n = 45, 4.1%).SignificanceAlthough a precise prevalence estimate could not be generated from these data, the study found a high validity of epilepsy classification among evaluated cases (95.9%). More generally, this study highlights the significant challenges facing epidemiological research methodologies that are reliant on patient consent and retrospective chart review, largely due to the introduction of data protection legislation during the study period. Documentation of the epilepsy diagnosis was, in some cases, relatively low, indicating a need for improved guidelines for assessment, follow‐up, and documentation. This study highlights the need to address the concerns and requirements of recruitment sites to engage in epidemiological research.
Measurement of histological clearance margins in basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rimbert Johan , Deshayes Chloé , Battistella Maxime , Cribier Bernard , Vergier Béatrice , Migeot Virginie , Frouin Eric 
Published: September 2021

AimsBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common cancer, with a high risk of local recurrence. A quantifiable measurement of the histological margins of BCC in excisions is a recurrent demand of clinicians; however, there are currently no international guidelines indicating its value.Methods and resultsA questionnaire validated by four experts in dermatopathology and formatted under a ‘Google Forms’‐type interface was sent by e‐mail to physicians specializing in surgical pathology or dermatopathology and practising in France from 20 March 2018 to 20 May 2018. The results were compared between subgroups according to age and subspecialisation, especially dermatopathology. The questionnaire was completed by 225 practitioners. Microscopic margins were systematically measured in 77.3% of cases, sometimes in 19.6% and never in 3.1%. The main reason was to report factually insufficient margins (66.5%), followed by laboratory routine (45%) or clinician requests (43.1%). For 72% of respondents, the clinical or histopathological criteria did not influence their practice. The most used tool was a graduated ruler placed under a microscope (44.3% of cases). Compared to other groups, dermatopathologists measured BCC margins less systematically [only in certain situations (33.3 versus 14.9%) or never (10.5 versus 0.6%) (P < 0.001)] and used an eyepiece reticle more extensively (53.1 versus 29.8%; P = 0.0029).ConclusionThe measurement of histological margins in BCC is common practice in France, although there are no recommendations. Our survey suggests that it represents a way for pathologists to specify an insufficient margin and therefore the need for scar revision.
Metabolic syndrome and body weight in people living with HIV infection: analysis of differences observed in three different cohort studies over a decade
Authors: Taramasso Lucia , Bonfanti Paolo , Ricci Elena , Maggi Paolo , Orofino Giancarlo , Squillace Nicola , Menzaghi Barbara , Madeddu Giordano , Molteni Chiara , Vichi Francesca , Riguccini Erika , Saracino Annalisa , Santoro Carmen , Guastavigna Marta , Francisci Daniela , Di Biagio Antonio , De Socio Giuseppe Vittorio ,   for the CISAI study group
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the incidence of being overweight and metabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV (PHIV) in three different cross‐sectional studies conducted over three different periods: 2005, 2011 and 2015.MethodsThis was a multi‐centre, nationwide study. Data were collected in three studies from the CISAI group – SIMOne, HIV‐HY and STOPSHIV – and included a total of 3014 PHIV.Logistic regression [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)] was used to account for age and gender difference among three groups when comparing MS prevalence and being overweight; potential confounders were accounted for by including them in the regression equation.ResultsOverall, the mean age was 46.9 ± 10.2 years, and men comprised 73.3% of participants. Comparing 2005, 2011 and 2015, MS was present in 34.5%, 33.0% and 29.3% of PHIV, respectively. Adjusted OR for MS was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.52–0.78) in 2011 and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.46–0.69) in 2015 compared with 2005, while BMI (kg/m2) increased from 23.6 in 2005, 24.5 in 2011 and 24.5 in 2015, with a concomitant increase of being overweight from 29.4% to 39.5% to 39.6% (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn recent years, PHIV have had a significantly improved metabolic profile compared with previously, despite increasing weight and BMI.
Functionalized few‐layered graphene nanoplatelets for superior thermal management in heat transfer nanofluids
Authors: Wilhelm Michael , Ludwig Tim , Fischer Thomas , Yu Wenhua , Singh Dileep , Mathur Sanjay 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe superior thermal conductivity and lightweight of graphene flakes make them materials of choice for advanced heat transfer applications, especially for transport of electricity from sustainable power stations such as concentrating solar power plants. In view of the excellent thermal conductivity of graphene or graphene‐like nanomaterials (3000–5000 W m−1 K−1), their dispersion into conventional host fluids such as water (0.613 W m−1 K−1) or ethylene glycol (0.25 W m−1 K−1) can significantly improve fluid heat transfer characteristics. The two‐dimensional structure and high surface area as well as the cost‐efficient carbon‐based material make graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) suitable for large‐scale applications in colloidal thermal conductive fluids. For an efficient dispersion of GNPs in base fluids, intrinsically hydrophobic GNPs were acid treated to obtain highly concentrated (4 wt.%) graphene‐based nanofluids. Investigations on various GNP sizes and reaction parameters showed significant influences on the resulting thermal conductivity values of the nanofluid. After 14 h measurements in a dormant system, the most efficient nanofluid reached a thermal conductivity of 0.586 W m−1 K−1 (the base fluid of 0.391 W m−1 K−1) and a low viscosity of 6.39 cP resulting in an overall efficiency improvement of 77%, when compared to the base fluid without particles.
Novel Pt/La1−xBixOF/SBA‐16 catalysts for liquid‐phase phenol oxidation
Authors: Nunotani Naoyoshi , Li Zhuowei , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNovel catalysts of Pt/La1−xBixOF/SBA‐16 (SBA‐16: Santa Barbara Amorphous No. 16) were synthesized, and their catalytic activities for phenol decomposition in the liquid phase were investigated. Lanthanum oxyfluoride (LaOF) was selected as the promoter due to its contribution to the smooth migration of oxygen species in the lattice and the acceleration of phenol adsorption on the catalyst surface. Reducible Bi3+ ions were introduced in the LaOF lattice to provide oxygen supply ability to LaOF. Among the prepared catalysts, the highest activity was obtained for the 7 wt% Pt/16 wt% La0.99Bi0.01OF/SBA‐16 catalyst, which could remove 97% of phenol after 5 h of reaction at 80°C in an open‐air atmosphere.
A new methodological approach for simulating water deficit in soybean genotypes
Authors: do Nascimento Heloisa Rocha , Moura Lorena de Oliveira , Duarte Anunciene Barbosa , Dantas Stênio Andrey Guedes , Ferreira Dalton de Oliveira , Rosmaninho Lucas Barbosa de Castro , Cavallin Isabella Cristina , da Cunha Fernando França , da Silva Felipe Lopes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMethodologies for imposing stress and reproducible results are a bottleneck for breeding programmes, and this is due to the lack of consensus between the existing methodologies. The aim of the present study was to propose and validate a new methodology for imposing water deficit in soybean that allows the identification of water deficit‐tolerant genotypes, at different harvest times and phenological stages. The methodology was based on the construction of a water retention curve in the soil to determine the water stresses that indicate the field capacity and the permanent wilt point and, thus, define the water regime in the conditions of control and stress. Seven trials were carried out to validate the methodology. In trials 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the water deficit was imposed in the reproductive phase and the components of production were evaluated. In addition to these variables, leaf water potential was evaluated in trial 6. In trial 7, the plants were subjected to water deficit in the vegetative phase and the morphological traits were evaluated. The efficiency of the methodology was confirmed by the distinction between the conditions of control and stress, affirmed by the statistical differences in most of the traits evaluated in the reproductive and vegetative phases.
External validation and comparison of the predictive performance of 10 different tooth‐level prognostic systems
Authors: Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Dukka Himabindu , Troiano Giuseppe , Ravidà Andrea , Galli Matthew , Qazi Musa , Greenwell Henry , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTooth‐level prognostic systems can be used for treatment planning and risk assessment. This retrospective longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of 10 different tooth‐level risk assessment systems in terms of their ability to predict periodontal‐related tooth loss (TLP).Materials and methodsData were retrieved retrospectively from patients who received surgical and non‐surgical periodontal treatment. Data on medical history and smoking status at baseline and the last maintenance visit were collected. Ten tooth‐level prognostic systems were compared using both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models to analyse the prognostic capability of each system for predicting TLP risk.ResultsOne‐hundred and forty‐eight patients with 3787 teeth, followed‐up for a mean period of 26.5 ± 7.4 years, were evaluated according to 10 different tooth‐level prognostic systems, making up a total of 37,870 individual measurements. All compared prognostic systems were able to stratify the risk of TLP at baseline when different classes of association were compared. After controlling for maintenance, age, and gender, all systems exhibited excellent predictive capacity for TLP with no system scoring a Harrell's C‐index less than 0.925.ConclusionsAll tooth‐level prognostic systems displayed excellent predictive capability for TLP. Overall, the Miller and McEntire system may have shown the best discrimination and model fit, followed by the Nunn et al. system.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of fungal pathogens isolated from diseased fish in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Zhen , Han Qing‐Dian , Fu Long‐Wei , Wang Yong‐Xing , Sui Zhi‐Hai , Liu Yun‐Guo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe outbreaks of fungal diseases in cultured fish have been severe in recent years, which is harmful to the healthy and sustainable development of fish farming. In this study, an investigation was conducted for significant fungal infections of 12 species of fish in four regions in Xinjiang, China, to understand the distribution of local fish fungal pathogens. Twenty‐six fungal strains with pathogenicity were isolated, and the challenge experiment showed that eight strains from Changji area had high infection rate to fish eggs. Based on internal transcribed spacer sequence data and molecular analysis, the 26 strains were classified into nine different species of six fungal genera. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all strains were divided into two clades, namely Cluster 1 (contains only the genusMucor) and Cluster 2 (consists of five small branches), and the distribution of strains from the same region was scattered in two clusters. There is no strict host selectivity for these fungi to infect fish.Mucorsp. are the main fungal pathogen of fish in these four regions, whereasHypophthalmichthys molitrixandCarassius auratusare two types of fish that were susceptible to pathogen. In addition, the environmental adaptability experiments showed that eight highly pathogenic strains have different adaptability to the environment, and their optimum temperature and pH were 25°C and 7.0, respectively, whereas the concentration of NaCl was negatively correlated with the growth of strains. Therefore, these results indicated that the coinfection of multiple fungal pathogens in a culture region should be considered in the future study.
“Ploughing the land five times”: Opium and agrarian change in the ceasefire landscapes of south‐western Shan State, Myanmar
Authors: Meehan Patrick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between the illicit opium economy and processes of agrarian change in south‐western Shan State, Myanmar. This is a region where opium production has risen significantly since the 1990s despite the declining territorial control of insurgent groups long blamed for the country's illegal drug economy and alongside the deepening integration of the region's agriculture sector into national and global markets. This paper reveals how illicit opium cultivation has offered distressed smallholders a way to mitigate the worsening livelihood insecurities that have accompanied the commercialization of smallholder agriculture. Yet at the same time, opium cultivation has locked farmers into a set of highly unequal social relations that has enabled militias, businesspeople with ties to local (armed) authorities, moneylenders, and agricultural brokers to accumulate capital through their control over rural markets and credit systems while leaving poppy cultivators with little more than the means to reproduce their livelihoods. This paper thus shows how opium cultivation has enabled farmers to respond to worsening precarity by sustaining smallholder farming despite the worsening “reproduction squeeze” facing many households, although the opium economy has simultaneously played an instrumental role in reinforcing and deepening agrarian class relations.
How to Build a Network that Facilitates Firm‐level Innovation: An Integration of Structural and Managerial Perspectives
Authors: Reck Fabian , Fliaster Alexander , Kolloch Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we examine to what extent the firm’s propensity to be embedded in a network with advantageous structural attributes is driven by its capabilities for network management. Specifically, we discern network management practices on two organizational levels (relationship management (RM) and portfolio management (PM)) and explore their effects on three dimensions of local network structure (network centrality (NC), knowledge complementarity (KC), and tie strength (TS)). To test our hypotheses, we collect sociometric survey data from the largest inter‐firm network in the German energy industry. The results indicate that intra‐firm processes for network management indeed are key enablers of structural network advantages. Further, we demonstrate that RM and PM exert distinct effects: PM helps the firm improve NC, RM leads to increased TS, and KC results from an additive effect of the two capabilities. In all, our work contributes to theory on strategic networks by providing an integrated perspective on how network structure and network management benefit innovation performance.