bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of choriocapillaris hemodynamic data from dynamic indocyanine green and optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Teo Kelvin Yi Chong , Tun Sai Bo Bo , Busoy Joanna Marie , Barathi Veluchamy A. , Spaide Richard F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo investigate the correlation between posterior pole choroidal blood flow evaluated with digital subtraction indocyanine green angiography and enface optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Imaging in animal study. The anatomy of 2 cynomogulus monkeys was studied. Each monkey was given a 0.75 mg/kg injection of indocyanine green in the saphenous vein. The dynamic angiographic filling sequence was recorded at 15 frames per second using the Heidelberg Spectralis. After image registration, sequential frame subtraction was used to image the dye front moving through the choroid. The OCTA was obtained by frame averaging nine separate choriocapillaris slab flow images obtained from the Zeiss Plex Elite 9000. Posterior pole choriocapillaris filling pattern in relation to the choriocapillaris anatomy as imaged by OCTA. In the posterior pole, the choriocapillaris fills in the pattern of discrete units with variable sizes and shapes. The cycle of dye filling begins in the peripapillary area and progresses toward the periphery in a wavelike manner. This filling pattern repeats in a cyclical manner, consistent with the cardiac cycle. OCTA shows a uniform mesh of vessels. While OCTA shows a uniform meshwork appearance of the choriocapillaris, the dynamic dye angiography suggests an irregular configuration of functional units partitioned by pressure gradients as opposed to structural boundaries. Disturbance of local perfusion pressure within choroidal vasculature may result in abnormal flow patterns, which could be evaluated in the clinic using commercially available equipment.
Reproductive and environmental exposures and the breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women
Authors: Wu Hui-Chen , Yang Hwai-I. , Lin Po-Han , Chen Chien-Jen , Santella Regina M. , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) incidence is increasing around the globe, including in Taiwan, though the cause of the increasing incidence is less clear. We followed up 11,296 Taiwanese females who did not have BC at baseline, and ascertained new invasive BC (N = 351) through data linkage to the National Cancer Registry from 1991 to 2018 to examine whether reproductive, lifestyle and environmental risk factors including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were associated with BC risk. We conducted a nested case–control study using baseline blood available from a total of 305 women with BC and 598 women without BC matched on time in cohort. We examined the association of PAH-albumin adducts and BC risk using conditional logistic regression models. Age at menarche (HR 0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.9) for ≥ 15 vs. < 13 years) and multiparity were associated with BC risk (HR 2.0 (95% CI 1.4–2.8), 2.8 (1.9–4.2), and 2.4 (1.0–5.0) for 3–4, 1–2 and 0 live birth, compared with women ≥ 5 births). PAH-albumin adducts were not associated with BC risk. Given the increasing BC incidence in Taiwan, there is a need to identify environmental factors that are important to this population.
Spatially controlled epitaxial growth of 2D heterostructures via defect engineering using a focused He ion beam
Authors: Heilmann Martin , Deinhart Victor , Tahraoui Abbes , Höflich Katja , Lopes J. Marcelo J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe combination of two-dimensional (2D) materials into heterostructures enables the formation of atomically thin devices with designed properties. To achieve a high-density, bottom-up integration, the growth of these 2D heterostructures via van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) is an attractive alternative to the currently mostly employed mechanical transfer, which is problematic in terms of scaling and reproducibility. Controlling the location of the nuclei formation remains a key challenge in vdWE. Here, a focused He ion beam is used to deterministically place defects in graphene substrates, which serve as preferential nucleation sites for the growth of insulating, 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Therewith a mask-free, selective-area vdWE (SAvdWE) is demonstrated, in which nucleation yield and crystal quality of h-BN are controlled by the ion beam parameters used for defect formation. Moreover, h-BN grown via SAvdWE is shown to exhibit electron tunneling characteristics comparable to those of mechanically transferred layers, thereby lying the foundation for a reliable, high-density array fabrication of 2D heterostructures for device integration via defect engineering in 2D substrates.
An ultra‐fast protection scheme for normally‐on wide bandgap devices
Authors: Tan Qiuyang , Narayanankutty Gopika , Narayanan E. M. Sankara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere, an ultra‐fast protection scheme that is dedicated to depletion‐mode (d‐mode) devices is proposed. The key to the d‐mode device gate drive design is the negative supply and overcurrent protection, due to the safety concern for d‐mode devices when a failure happens in power conversion applications. This work evaluates specific requirement of d‐mode devices, such as the isolated negative power supply and short‐circuit protection. Normally‐on d‐mode GaN devices have lower on‐resistance and minimal dead time in comparison with enhancement‐mode (e‐mode) GaN devices, which can further reduce the switching loss and conduction loss. Both simulation and experimental verification are conducted in this work to evaluate the performance of the proposed protection scheme. The proposed desaturation scheme can wipe out the overcurrent event within 341 ns. Furthermore, the proposed negative power supply scheme can sustain its output for 60.5 ms, providing sufficient action time for the control unit to isolate the converter.
Optimal operation and management of multi‐microgrids using blockchain technology
Authors: Ghotbabadi Misagh Dehghani , Dehnavi Saeed Daneshvar , Fotoohabadi Hadi , Mehrjerdi Hasan , Chabok Hossein 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper tries to address the optimal operation of networked microgrid from the reliability perspective in a correlated atmosphere for the wind generators. The suggested approach performs based on unscented transformation in the form of a nonlinear projection and the heuristic method as the optimizer. The proposed structure is arranged as a complex constraint optimization problem with several targets seeing the varied objectives such as energy not supplied, system interruption frequency, system interruption duration and energy losses. Owing to the interrelated natural surroundings of multi‐microgrids, it is a necessity for the microgrids to let the each other access the operation info and with the central unit. In this situation, it is quite wise to provide a secured construction made of the blockchain for the assurance of the reliability and adequate security of data sharing in the microgrids. With the aim of validation of the proposed model, an IEEE standard system is considered and divided into four interrelated microgrids with one side connection to the main grid. The simulation results show the high capability of the proposed framework for enhancing the operation and reliability indices. Moreover, it is seen that almost 0.6% and 0.77% additional cost is imposed to the system in the deterministic framework in the first and second scenarios, respectively.
Analysis and wave tank verification of the performance of point absorber WECs with different configurations
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Martin Dillon , Jiang Boxi , Chen Shuo , Thiagarajan Krish , Parker Robert G. , Zuo Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtracting energy from ocean waves has become a heated topic since the energy crisis of the 2000s. Among all the different concepts and designs of Wave Energy Converter (WEC), point absorber is a widely adopted type with great potential, and various configurations and constraints are applicable to it. Here, the point absorber WECs with four different set‐up configurations are explored: single body heaving WEC, two‐body heaving WEC, two‐body WEC with a flat plate (Reference Model 3), and a two‐body WEC with a cylinder‐shaped second body. Dynamic models are established for each case and wave tank tests are conducted for verification. The results show that the power capture of a point absorber can benefit from several aspects: the two‐body WEC with a streamlined shape can double the wave capture width ratio (up to 66.5%) over the single‐body WEC or Reference Model 3, while coupling other motion or mooring dynamics can further improve the capture width ratio by 12% by increasing the relative motion stroke.
Cyano radical emission at small spatial scales towards massive protostars
Authors: Paron S. , Ortega M. E. , Marinelli A. , Areal M. B. , Martinez N. C. 
Published: August 2021

Context. The cyano radical (CN), one of the first detected interstellar molecular species, is a key molecule in many astrochemical chains. In particular, it is detected towards molecular cores, the birth places of stars, and it is involved in the rich chemistry that takes place at these sites.
Aims. At present, there are not many studies on the emission of this molecular species at small spatial scales towards massive young stellar objects. We therefore present a high-angular resolution CN study towards a sample of massive protostars, with the aim of unveiling the spatial distribution at the small scale of the emission of this radical in relation to star-forming processes.
Methods. The interstellar CN has a strong emission line at the rest frequency 226 874.764 MHz, thus we searched for observing projects in the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) database regarding high-mass star-forming regions observed at Band 6. The used data set was observed in ALMA Cycle 3 with angular and spectral resolutions of 0.′′7 and 1.13 MHz, respectively. A sample of ten high-mass star-forming regions located in the first Galactic quadrant were selected on the basis that they present a clear emission of CN at the mentioned frequency.
Results. We found that the CN traces both molecular condensations and the diffuse and extended gas surrounding them. In general, the molecular condensations traced by the maximums of the CN emission do not spatially coincide with the peaks of the continuum emission at 1.3 mm, which trace the molecular cores where massive stars are born. Based on the presence or lack of near-IR emission associated with such cores, we suggest that our sample is composed of sources at different stages of evolution. The CN is present in all sources, suggesting that this radical may be ubiquitous along the different star formation stages, and hence it may be involved in different chemical reactions occurring during the period of star formation. Additionally, other molecules such as CH3OCHO and CH2CHCN were detected towards the continuum peaks of some of the analysed cores. We found that the missing flux coming from extended spatial scales that are filtered out by the interferometer is an important issue to take into account in the analysis of some spectral features and the spatial distribution of the emission.
Management of Auditory Processing Difficulties Virtually: A Case Study
Authors: Milne Virginia Amy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifficulty hearing in the presence of background noise is a common complaint heard by audiologists. This can be accompanied by additional difficulty in classrooms and other difficult listening situations. This was recently exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shutdowns and the accompanying mask usage and virtual meetings. This article describes one such patient seen during the recent shutdown. This patient reported difficulty hearing during her college coursework for her music performance major. She was an established otology patient with an extensive middle ear history including multiple surgeries. During the shutdown, she virtually consulted with the auditory processing disorders clinic at the recommendation of her otologist to discuss her college-related difficulty and pursue educational accommodations. Challenges and solutions for seeing this patient and other, similar patients virtually are discussed as well as a review of how this patient proceeded and how the knowledge gained from this patient could apply to others with similar concerns.
Telehealth Audiology and Virtual Hearing Screenings: A Case Report
Authors: Linkenheimer Erika Sophia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClinic closures across the United States in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic meant that many audiology services were reduced to phone calls, video visits, and modified services (e.g., curbside, mail-ins, drop offs). Audiologists and other providers needed a way to manage hearing- and ear-related complaints via telehealth. A simple pure tone air conduction threshold test performed at home was used to determine which patients needed to come into the clinic for an in-person appointment. This case will review a 56-year-old male who was being treated for an idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss prior to clinic closure. He had on file a comprehensive audiogram at first onset of symptoms and was treated with oral steroids. Virtual hearing testing was then utilized for a variety of other patients from teenagers to adults to triage hearing- and ear-related complaints while clinics were closed for in-person visits.
U.S. Policy Considerations for Telehealth Provision in Audiology
Authors: Jilla Anna Marie , Arnold Michelle L. , Miller Erin L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe demand for telehealth services will continue to grow alongside an increased need for audiology services among both children and adults. Insurance coverage policies for audiologic services are specific to each payer and vary widely in the level of coverage provided for both in-person and telehealth-based audiology services. While benefits for children are fairly comprehensive, coverage for audiology services for adults is generally poor. Traditional Medicare does not cover hearing aids or other rehabilitative audiologic services, and other payer policies vary widely. Lack of benefits for hearing and balance services is inconsistent with the evidence base and leaves many beneficiaries without access to meaningful care for hearing and balance disorders, which are highly prevalent among and disproportionately affect Medicare beneficiaries. The purpose of this article is to discuss regulatory and reimbursement considerations for telehealth provision in audiology and elucidate opportunities to influence related health policy at both state and federal levels.
Supercooled melt structure and dynamics of single-chain nanoparticles: A computer simulation study
Authors: Jia Xiang-Meng , Lin Wen-Feng , Zhao Huan-Yu , Qian Hu-Jun , Lu Zhong-Yuan 
Published: August 2021

By using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we have investigated the structure and dynamics of supercooled single-chain cross-linked nanoparticle (SCNP) melts having a range of cross-linking degrees ϕ. We find a nearly linear increase in glass-transition temperature (Tg) with increasing ϕ. Correspondingly, we have also experimentally synthesized a series of polystyrene-based SCNPs and have found that the measured Tg estimated from differential scanning calorimetry is qualitatively consistent with the trend predicted by our simulation estimates. Experimentally, an increase in Tg as large as ΔTg = 61 K for ϕ = 0.36 is found compared with their linear chain counterparts, indicating that the changes in dynamics with cross-links are quite appreciable. We attribute the increase in Tg to the enlarged effective hard-core volume and the corresponding reduction in the free volume of the polymer segments. Topological constraints evidently frustrate the local packing. In addition, the introduction of intra-molecular cross-linking bonds slows down the structural relaxation and simultaneously enhances the local coupling motion on the length scales within SCNPs. Consequently, a more pronounced dynamical heterogeneity (DH) is observed for larger ϕ, as quantified by measuring the dynamical correlation length through the four-point susceptibility parameter, χ4. The increase in DH is directly related to the enhanced local cooperative motion derived from intra-molecular cross-linking bonds and structural heterogeneity derived from the cross-linking process. These results shed new light on the influence of intra-molecular topological constraints on the segmental dynamics of polymer melts.
Ligand removal of Au25 nanoclusters by thermal and electrochemical treatments for selective CO2 electroreduction to CO
Authors: Chen Shouping , Li Mufan , Yu Sunmoon , Louisia Sheena , Chuang Wesley , Gao Mengyu , Chen Chubai , Jin Jianbo , Salmeron Miquel B. , Yang Peidong 
Published: August 2021

Undercoordinated metal nanoclusters have shown great promise for various catalytic applications. However, their activity is often limited by the covalently bonded ligands, which could block the active surface sites. Here, we investigate the ligand removal process for Au25 nanoclusters using both thermal and electrochemical treatments, as well as its impact on the electroreduction of CO2 to CO. The Au25 nanoclusters are synthesized with 2-phenylethanethiol as the capping agent and anchored on sulfur-doped graphene. The thiolate ligands can be readily removed under either thermal annealing at ≥180°C or electrochemical biasing at ≤−0.5 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, as evidenced by the Cu underpotential deposition surface area measurement, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. However, these ligand-removing treatments also trigger the structural evolution of Au25 nanoclusters concomitantly. The thermally and electrochemically treated Au25 nanoclusters show enhanced activity and selectivity for the electrochemical CO2-to-CO conversion than their pristine counterpart, which is attributed to the exposure of undercoordinated Au sites on the surface after ligand removal. This work provides facile strategies to strip away the staple ligands from metal nanoclusters and highlights its importance in promoting the catalytic performances.
Contrasting population structures of freshwater atyid shrimps in Hong Kong and their conservation implications
Authors: Ma Ka Yan , Chow Lai Him , Tsang Ling Ming , De Grave Sammy , Chu Ka Hou 
Published: August 2021

Understanding population connectivity is crucial for effective conservation management. Schemes for speculating potential connectivity patterns over large to medium geographic scales using riverscape and life history features have been developed, but whether they are still applicable over fine scales has rarely been examined. Caridina shrimps (Family Atyidae) constitute a major component of freshwater ecosystems. Nonetheless, although over 20% of atyid species are considered Threatened or Near Threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, a general lack of understanding of the population structure of these species, which typically have restricted distributions, significantly hampers conservation management. Here, we examined the fine-scale population structure of five atyid species in Hong Kong, a highly urbanised metropolis, using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and four to six microsatellite markers. The results reveal species-specific contrasting phylogeographic patterns, ranging from wide-range genetic panmixia to population differentiation at an extremely small scale of <1 km. This pronounced population structuring may be attributed to the freshwater obligates’ limited dispersal ability, high level of inbreeding and marked demographic fluctuations associated with climate changes since the Pleistocene. The results shed new light on the evolution of this widely distributed shrimp genus and bridge the critical knowledge gap in formulating effective conservation plans.
Understanding textual meaning-making in Chinese high school EFL learners’ writing
Authors: Xuan Winfred Wenhui , Zhang Dongbing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present study examines the ways Chinese high school EFL learners organize information in their writing. A class of 50 students at grade 9 from a local high school in Guangzhou, China, were recruited as participants. The students’ writing at grade 9 was collected as a corpus, comprising ten writing tasks from different text types. In order to gain a holistic understanding of the organization of information in student writing, the analytical framework of Theme at three levels – that is, clause, paragraph, and text – from Derewianka and Jones (2010) was adopted. Findings show that the students have varying degrees of control over information organization at different levels. In particular, the students are not proficient in organizing information at the paragraph level. Findings also show that registerial differences affect the organization of information. The study provides relevant pedagogical implications and recommendations for this group of learners.
Not-fragments and negative expansion
Authors: Cappelle Bert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on emphatic sentence fragments of the typeNot in a million years!. While such fragments can be partially accounted for by a known type of ellipsis, namely ‘stripping’, it is argued here that this type is best treated as a construction in its own right, with formal, semantic and pragmatic properties specific to it. One useful concept is what could be called ‘negative expansion’. This is a discourse-level construction whereby an already negative clause is followed by one or more negative clause fragments, whose negation is a repetition, rather than cancellation, of the negation in the preceding clause, as inIt will never happen. Not today. Not tomorrow. Not ever.
Semantic polyfunctionality and constructional networks
Authors: Pérez Fernández Sofía , Gras Pedro , Brisard Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper offers an analysis of insubordinate subjunctive complement clauses (ISCs) in Spanish and aims to contribute to the general debate in Construction Grammar on how to deal with a highly pragmatically specified surface form that expresses several meanings. We explore whether the meanings expressed by ISCs are encoded in the construction or can be derived via independently existing principles of pragmatic interpretation. The results of the analysis are represented in a constructional network.