bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of hypnotherapy as treatment for functional stroke: A case series from a single center in the UK
Authors: Sanyal Ranjan , Raseta Marko , Natarajan Indira , Roffe Christine 
Published: February 2021

Background Functional neurological disorder is defined by symptoms not explained by the current model of disease and its pathophysiology. It is found in 8.4% of patients presenting as acute stroke. Treatment is difficult and recurrence rates are high. We introduced hypnotherapy as a therapeutic option in addition to standard stroke unit care. Methods This is an observational study of successive patients with functional neurological disorder presenting as acute stroke treated with hypnotherapy between 1 April 2014 and 1 February 2018. The diagnosis of functional neurological disorder was confirmed by clinical examination and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Hypnosis was delivered by a hypnotherapy trained stroke physician using imagery for induction. A positive response was defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke score reduction to 0 or by ≥4 points posthypnotherapy. Costs were calculated as therapist time and benefits as reduction in disability/bed days. Results Sixty-eight patients (mean age 36.4 years, 52 (76%) females, mean baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke 5.0 (range 1–9)) were included. Two patients (3%) could not be hypnotized. Fifty-eight 58 (85%) responded, 47 (81%) required one treatment session, while 19% needed up to three sessions for symptomatic improvement. No adverse events were observed. Disability (modified Rankin Scale) reduced from a mean of 2.3 to 0.5 resulting in an average cost saving of £1,658 per patient. Most (n = 50, 86%) remained well without recurrence at six-month follow-up. Conclusions In this case series, hypnotherapy was associated with rapid and sustained recovery of symptoms. A prospective randomized controlled study is required to confirm the findings and establish generalizability of the results.
Temporal trends in stroke incidence and case-fatality rates in Arcadia, Greece: A sequential, prospective, population-based study
Authors: Karantali Eleni , Vemmos Konstantinos , Tsampalas Evangelos , Xynos Konstantinos , Karachalia Persefoni , Lambrou Dimitrios , Angeloglou Stella , Kazakou Maria , Karagianni Aikaterini , Aravantinou-Fatorou Konstantina , Karakatsani Eleftheria , Bots Michiel L , Karamatzianni Georgia , Bellos Stavros , Ntiloudis Romanos , Lypiridou Maria , Gamvoula Anastasia , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Ajdini Erold , Gatselis Nikolaos , Makaritsis Konstantinos , Korompoki Eleni , Ntaios George 
Published: February 2021

Background Stroke incidence and case-fatality are reported to decline in high-income countries during the last decades. Epidemiological studies are important for health services to organize prevention and treatment strategies. Aims The aim of this population-based study was to determine temporal trends of stroke incidence and case-fatality rates of first-ever stroke in Arcadia, a prefecture in southern Greece. Methods All first-ever stroke cases in the Arcadia prefecture were ascertained using the same standard criteria and multiple overlapping sources in three study periods: from November 1993 to October 1995; 2004; and 2015–2016. Crude and age-adjusted to European population incidence rates were compared using Poisson regression. Twenty-eight days case fatality rates were estimated and compared using the same method. Results In total, 1315 patients with first-ever stroke were identified. The age-standardized incidence to the European population was 252 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 231–239) in 1993/1995, 252 (95% CI 223–286) in 2004, and 211 (192–232) in 2015/2016. The overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates fell by 16% (incidence rates ratio 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72–0.97). Similarly, 28-day case-fatality rate decreased by 28% (case fatality rate ratio = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58–0.90). Conclusions This population-based study reports a significant decline in stroke incidence and mortality rates in southern Greece between 1993 and 2016.
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Frontline Health Care Workers During the Pandemic Surge in New York City
Authors: Feingold Jordyn H. , Peccoralo Lauren , Chan Chi C. , Kaplan Carly A. , Kaye-Kauderer Halley , Charney Dennis , Verity Jaclyn , Hurtado Alicia , Burka Larissa , Syed Shumayl A. , Murrough James W. , Feder Adriana , Pietrzak Robert H. , Ripp Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

Background This study sought to assess the magnitude of and factors associated with mental health outcomes among frontline health care workers (FHCWs) providing care during the Spring 2020 COVID-19 pandemic surge in New York City. Methods A cross-sectional, survey-based study over 4 weeks during the Spring 2020 pandemic surge was used to assess symptoms of COVID-19-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in 2,579 FHCWs at the Mount Sinai Hospital. Participants were additionally asked about their occupational and personal exposures to COVID-19. Multivariable logistic regression and relative importance analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with these outcomes. Results A total of 3,360 of 6,026 individuals completed the survey (55.8% participation), with 2,579 (76.8%) analyzed based on endorsing frontline responsibilities and providing information related to the three outcomes. 1,005 (39.0%) met criteria for symptoms of COVID-19-related PTSD, MDD, or GAD. 599 (23.3%) screened positively for PTSD symptoms, 683 (26.6%) for MDD symptoms, and 642 (25.0%) for GAD symptoms. Multivariable analyses revealed that past-year burnout was associated with the highest risk of developing symptoms for COVID-19-related PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10), MDD (OR = 2.83), and GAD (OR = 2.68). Higher perceived support from hospital leadership was associated with a lowest risk of all outcomes [PTSD (OR = 0.75), MDD (OR = 0.72), and GAD (OR = 0.76). Conclusion In this large sample of FHCWs providing care during the 2020 NYC pandemic surge, 39% experienced symptoms of COVID-19-related PTSD, MDD, and/or GAD and pre-pandemic burnout as well as leadership support were identified as the most highly associated factors. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing burnout and augmenting support from hospital leadership may be appropriate targets to mitigate the risk for developing further psychopathology in this population and others working in the midst of crisis.
Efficacy and Safety of Electromyography‐Guided Injection of Botulinum Toxin to Treat Retrograde Cricopharyngeus Dysfunction
Authors: Wajsberg Benjamin , Hoesli Rebecca C. , Wingo Melissa L. , Bastian Robert W. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo report the efficacy and safety of electromyography‐guided percutaneous botulinum toxin injection into the cricopharyngeus muscle in an office setting for treatment of the inability to belch and associated symptoms caused by retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R‐CPD).Study DesignRetrospective case series of treated patients.SettingTertiary care laryngology clinic.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on 18 consecutive patients who were diagnosed syndromically with R‐CPD. The combined diagnostic test and treatment—specifically, botulinum toxin injection into the cricopharyngeus muscle—was accomplished in an office setting by a single surgeon using electromyography guidance. Items assessed are efficacy, safety, complications, and duration of benefit.ResultsAll 18 patients (100%) treated in the in‐office setting gained the ability to burp with improvement in the associated symptoms of R‐CPD at initial follow‐up. Of those who had the in‐office procedure performed initially, 80% maintained the ability to burp at 6 months with relief of all the associated symptoms of R‐CPD. No patients experienced permanent complications from the injection, but 7 patients experienced varying degrees of noisy breathing within 1 week after the procedure, which was managed with breathing techniques and resolved.ConclusionIn a case series of 18 patients with R‐CPD, all patients gained the ability to burp with improvement in the majority of their symptoms of R‐CPD at the time of their initial follow‐up at 1 week. None experienced severe complications, and 7 experienced transient noisy breathing, which resolved.
Evolution of fumarolic anhydrous copper sulfate minerals during successive hydration/dehydration
Authors: Siidra Oleg I. , Borisov Artem S. , Charkin Dmitri O. , Depmeier Wulf , Platonova Natalia V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHydration processes of primary anhydrous minerals as well as dehydration of the hydrated phases are relevant not only for answering geochemical and petrological questions, but are also interesting in the context of the theory of the ‘Evolution of minerals’. Our study of the evolution of anhydrous exhalative sulfates in hydration and dehydration processes has demonstrated the complexity of the processes for a number of minerals from the active high-temperature fumaroles of Tolbachik volcano (chalcocyanite Cu(SO4), dolerophanite Cu2O(SO4), alumoklyuchevskite K3Cu3AlO2(SO4)4 and itelmenite Na2CuMg2(SO4)4). Hydration and dehydration experiments were carried out for all four minerals using powder X-ray diffraction. A typical structural characteristic of several anhydrous copper sulfate minerals of fumarolic origin is the presence of oxygen-centred OCu4 tetrahedra. These are absent in the structures of all known hydrated minerals or synthetic compounds of the class under consideration. Hydration of minerals initially containing O2– anions as part of oxocomplexes, proceeds with sequential formation of a large series of hydroxysalts. On the contrary, hydration of itelmenite with its relatively complex ‘initial’ structure, but without additional oxygen atoms that are strong Lewis bases, results in formation of simpler hydrates. The lower the temperature and the larger the excess of water, the stronger the tendency of the cations to adopt higher hydration numbers thus outcompeting the sulfate anions as ligands. Ultimately, the water molecules completely expel the bridging sulfate anions from the metal coordination sphere yielding relatively simple fully hydrated structures.
Air permeability and sound absorption coefficient changes from ultrasonic treatment in a cross section of Malas (Homalium foetidum)
Authors: Kang Chun-Won , Jang Eun-Suk , Lee Nam-Ho , Jang Sang-Sik , Lee Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigated the effect of ultrasonic treatment on Malas (Homalium foetidum) gas permeability and sound absorption coefficient using the transfer function method. Results showed a longitudinal average Darcy permeability constant of 2.02 (standard deviation SD 0.72) for untreated wood and 6.15 (SD 3.07) for ultrasound-treated wood, a permeability increase of 3.04 times. We also determined the average sound absorption coefficients in the range of 50 to 6.4 kHz and NRC (noise reduction coefficient: average value of sound absorption coefficient value at 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) of untreated Malas. Those values were 0.23 (SD 0.02) and 0.13 (SD 0.01), respectively, while those of ultrasonic-treated Malas were 0.28 (SD 0.02) and 0.14 (SD 0.02), a 19.74% increase in average sound absorption coefficient.
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab in individuals with treatment-naive programmed death-ligand 1 positive metastatic soft tissue sarcomas: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Chen Yaolin , Liu Xiangzhen , Liu Jijun , Liang Donghua , Zhao Mingdong , Yu Weiguang , Chen Pengfei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Currently, the choice of treatment for individuals with metastatic soft tissue sarcomas (MSTS) presents a significant challenge to clinicians. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus ipilimumab (NPI) versus nivolumab alone (NIV) in individuals with treatment-naive programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive MSTS.

Methods
Prospectively maintained databases were reviewed from 2013 to 2018 to assess individuals with treatment-naive PD-L1 MSTS who received NPI (nivolumab 3 mg/kg and ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 3 weeks for 4 doses followed by nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks) or NIV (3 mg/kg every 2 weeks) until disease progression, withdrawal, unendurable [AEs], or death. The co-primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
The median follow-up was 16.0 months (IQR 14.4–18.5) after targeted intervention. The median OS was 12.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1–13.7) and 9.2 months (95% CI, 4.2–11.5) for the NPI and NIV groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49, 95% CI, 0.33–0.73; p=0.0002); the median PFS was 4.1 months (95% CI, 3.2–4.5) and 2.2 months (95% CI, 1.1–3.4) for the NPI and NIV groups, respectively (HR 0.51, 95% CI, 0.36–0.71; p< 0.0001). Key grade 3–5 AEs occurred more frequently in the NPI group than in the NIV group (94 [72.9%] for NPI vs. 35 [27.1%], p< 0.001).

Conclusions
For treatment-naive PD-L1 positive MSTS, NPI seems to be less tolerated but has a greater survival advantage than NIV as the primary therapy.
Responsibility for chemical exposures: perspectives from small beauty salons and auto shops in southern metropolitan Tucson
Authors: Lee Amanda A. , Ingram Maia , Quijada Carolina , Yubeta Andres , Cortez Imelda , Lothrop Nathan , Beamer Paloma 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Throughout the United States, low-wage, minority workers are disproportionately affected by occupational illnesses and injuries. Chronic exposure to hazardous chemicals at work can lead to serious illnesses, contributing to health inequities. In this article, we expand on theories of ‘responsibilization’ in an occupational health context to reveal how responsibilities for workplace chemical exposures are negotiated by workers and owners in Latinx-owned small businesses.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with a total of 22 workers and owners in auto repair shops and beauty salons – two high-risk industries – in Southern Metropolitan Tucson. Participants were asked about their insights into workplace chemical exposures and health. A qualitative analysis team with representation from all study partner organizations collectively coded and reviewed the interview data in QSR International’s NVivo 11 and identified overarching themes across the interviews.

Results
We identified three primary themes: 1) ambivalence toward risks in the workplace; 2) shifting responsibilities for exposure protection at work; and 3) reflections on the system behind chemical exposure risks. Participants discussed the complexities that small businesses face in reducing chemical exposures.

Conclusions
Through our analysis of the interviews, we examine how neoliberal occupational and environmental policies funnel responsibility for controlling chemical exposures down to individuals in small businesses with limited resources, obscuring the power structures that maintain environmental health injustices. We conclude with a call for upstream policy changes that more effectively regulate and hold accountable the manufacturers of chemical products used daily by small business workers.
Isolation of equid alphaherpesvirus 3 from a horse in Iceland with equine coital exanthema
Authors: Thorsteinsdóttir Lilja , Guðmundsson Gunnar Örn , Jensson Höskuldur , Torsteinsdóttir Sigurbjörg , Svansson Vilhjálmur 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEquine coital exanthema (ECE) caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3 (EHV-3) is a contagious venereal disease. It is characterized by the formation of papules, vesicles, pustules and ulcers on the external genitals of both mares and stallions. The Icelandic horse is the only breed in Iceland and has lived isolated in the country for over 1000 years. Three types of equine herpesviruses (EHV) have been found in Iceland, EHV-4, EHV-2 and EHV-5, while EHV-1 has never been detected. Symptoms resembling ECE have previous been observed in horses in Iceland, arousing suspicion of EHV-3 infection, but this has never been confirmed using virological methods. Samples were collected from a mare with papules on the vulva and inoculated in primary equine kidney cells. Cytopathic effects developed as rounded cells and syncytial formation. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the partial glycoprotein G and DNA polymerase genes identified the isolated virus as EHV-3. On the basis of the findings, EHV-3 infection was verified for the first time in the native Icelandic horse population.
Quality in crisis: a systematic review of the quality of health systems in humanitarian settings
Authors: Jordan Keely , Lewis Todd P. , Roberts Bayard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a growing concern that the quality of health systems in humanitarian crises and the care they provide has received little attention. To help better understand current practice and research on health system quality, this paper aimed to examine the evidence on the quality of health systems in humanitarian settings.

Methods
This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. The context of interest was populations affected by humanitarian crisis in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). We included studies where the intervention of interest, health services for populations affected by crisis, was provided by the formal health system. Our outcome of interest was the quality of the health system. We included primary research studies, from a combination of information sources, published in English between January 2000 and January 2019 using quantitative and qualitative methods. We used the High Quality Health Systems Framework to analyze the included studies by quality domain and sub-domain.

Results
We identified 2285 articles through our search, of which 163 were eligible for full-text review, and 55 articles were eligible for inclusion in our systematic review. Poor diagnosis, inadequate patient referrals, and inappropriate treatment of illness were commonly cited barriers to quality care. There was a strong focus placed on the foundations of a health system with emphasis on the workforce and tools, but a limited focus on the health impacts of health systems. The review also suggests some barriers to high quality health systems that are specific to humanitarian settings such as language barriers for refugees in their host country, discontinued care for migrant populations with chronic conditions, and fears around provider safety.

Conclusion
The review highlights a large gap in the measurement of quality both at the point of care and at the health system level. There is a need for further work particularly on health system measurement strategies, accountability mechanisms, and patient-centered approaches in humanitarian settings.
Viral time capsule: a global photo-elicitation study of child and adolescent mental health professionals during COVID-19
Authors: Herrington Olivia D. , Clayton Ashley , Benoit Laelia , Prins-Aardema Cecil , DiGiovanni Madeline , Weller Indigo , Martin Andrés 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
To examine, through photo-elicitation, the personal and professional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health professionals working with children and adolescents around the globe.

Methods
We invited the submission of images collected about the pandemic between May and August 2020. We encouraged participants to yoke personal reflections or voice memos to their images. Using snowball sampling, we began with two invitations, including one to the graduates of a mentorship program continuously hosted since 2004 by the International Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions (IACAPAP). We analyzed de-identified images and anonymized transcripts through iterative coding using thematic analysis informed by rich picture analysis and aided by NVivo software.

Results
We collected submissions from child and adolescent mental health professionals (n = 134) working in 54 countries spread across the five continents. We identified four overarching domains with component themes that revealed both the commonality and the uniqueness of the pandemic experience around the globe: (1) Place (adjusting to emptiness and stillness; shifting timeframes; blending of spaces); (2) Person (disruption to life rhythms; emotional toll; positives of the pandemic); (3) Profession (changing practices; outreach efforts; guild pride—and guilt); and (4) Purpose (from pandemic to syndemic; from lamenting to embracing; planning toward a better tomorrow).

Conclusions
Photo-elicitation provided a disarming and efficient means to learn about individual, regional, and global similarities and differences regarding the professionals charged with addressing the mental health needs of children and adolescents around the globe. These findings may help inform practice changes in post-pandemic times.
Acoustic and language analysis of speech for suicidal ideation among US veterans
Authors: Belouali Anas , Gupta Samir , Sourirajan Vaibhav , Yu Jiawei , Allen Nathaniel , Alaoui Adil , Dutton Mary Ann , Reinhard Matthew J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Screening for suicidal ideation in high-risk groups such as U.S. veterans is crucial for early detection and suicide prevention. Currently, screening is based on clinical interviews or self-report measures. Both approaches rely on subjects to disclose their suicidal thoughts. Innovative approaches are necessary to develop objective and clinically applicable assessments. Speech has been investigated as an objective marker to understand various mental states including suicidal ideation. In this work, we developed a machine learning and natural language processing classifier based on speech markers to screen for suicidal ideation in US veterans.

Methodology
Veterans submitted 588 narrative audio recordings via a mobile app in a real-life setting. In addition, participants completed self-report psychiatric scales and questionnaires. Recordings were analyzed to extract voice characteristics including prosodic, phonation, and glottal. The audios were also transcribed to extract textual features for linguistic analysis. We evaluated the acoustic and linguistic features using both statistical significance and ensemble feature selection. We also examined the performance of different machine learning algorithms on multiple combinations of features to classify suicidal and non-suicidal audios.

Results
A combined set of 15 acoustic and linguistic features of speech were identified by the ensemble feature selection. Random Forest classifier, using the selected set of features, correctly identified suicidal ideation in veterans with 86% sensitivity, 70% specificity, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 80%.

Conclusions
Speech analysis of audios collected from veterans in everyday life settings using smartphones offers a promising approach for suicidal ideation detection. A machine learning classifier may eventually help clinicians identify and monitor high-risk veterans.