bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KESEJAHTERAAN USTADZ DARI PRESPEKTIF MAQASHID SYARIAH
Authors: Abidin Sandi Tricahyo , Faizah Siti Inayatul 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesejahteraan guru atau ustadz di Pondok Pesantren Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syari'ah. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ustadz yang bekerja sebagai guru di Pondok Pesantren Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas sudah sejahtera, karena indikator-indikator dalam maqasid syariah seperti agama, jiwa, budi, keturunan, dan kekayaan sudah terpenuhi. Syukur adalah kunci bagi para ustadz yang bekerja di pondok pesantren Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas. Kesejahteraan yang diberikan pondok kepada ustadz sudah sangat mencukupi yaitu dengan memberikan bantuan kepada ustadz meskipun pondok Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas juga memiliki keterbatasan dalam berbagai hal, namun selalu berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk mencapai kesejahteraan para ustadz.Kata Kunci: Kesejahteraan Islam, Pondok Pesantren, Maqashid Syariah. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the welfare of teachers or ustadz at the Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas Islamic boarding school in the perspective of maqashid syari'ah. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach using the case study method. The results of this study indicate that the ustadz who works as a teacher at the Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas Islamic boarding school has been prosperous, because the indicators in the maqasid of sharia such as religion, soul, mind, descent and wealth have been fulfilled. Gratitude is the key for the ustadz who work at the Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas Islamic boarding school. The welfare provided by the lodge to the ustadz has been very sufficient, namely by providing assistance to the ustadz even though the Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas cottage also has limitations in various ways, but always tries its best to achieve the welfare of the ustadz.Keywords: Islamic Welfare, Pondok Pesantren, Maqashid Syariah.
PENGARUH PERKUATAN SHEAR KEY TERHADAP ANGKA KEAMANAN DAN PENURUNAN MAKSIMUM PADA TIMBUNAN DI ATAS TANAH LUNAK
Authors: Kurniawan M. Indra Aji , Setiawan Bambang , Djarwanti Noegroho 
Published: March 2021

<p>Timbunan yang terletak di atas tanah lunak dapat menimbulkan permasalahan yaitu nilai penurunan yang terjadi sangat besar sehingga berdampak pada rendahnya nilai angka keamanan timbunan. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut yaitu dengan menggunakan perkuatan <em>shear key.</em> Penelitian ini membagi kedalam 2 tipe pemasangan, yaitu arah luar dan dalam timbunan dengan kemiringan lereng timbunan 1:2. Variasi model yang digunakan dengan dimensi kedalaman (<em>H</em>) 2m, 3m, 4m, 5m dan lebar bawah (<em>L</em>) 1m, 2m dan 3m<em>. </em>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan <em>shear key </em>yang ditinjau dari angka keamanan dan penurunan maksimum<em> </em>dengan bantuan metode elemen hinga (MEH). Hasil pemograman didapatkan bahwa nilai angka keamanan maksimum yang terjadi pada arah luar sebesar 1,419 dimana mengalami kenaikkan 11,88% sedangkan penurunan maksimum yang terjadi mencapai 0,353 m. Angka keamanan maksimum pada pemasangan arah dalam sebesar 1,313 dengan prosentase kenaikkan 3,54%, dimana penurunan maksimum yang terjadi sebesar 0,409 m. Pemasangan arah luar timbunan menjadi pemasangan perkuatan paling efektif dengan dimensi optimum terdapat pada variasi (<em>H</em>) 4m dan (<em>L</em>) 3m. Perkuatan <em>shear key </em>dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif cara untuk meningkatkan stabilitas timbunan di atas tanah lunak.</p>
Metformin Use Is Associated with Fewer Complications in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wilson Jacob M. , Farley Kevin X. , Broida Samuel E. , Bradbury Thomas L. , Guild George N. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Diabetes is a well-established risk factor for complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and the incidence of type-2 diabetes is increasing. Metformin is considered first-line therapy for type-2 diabetes and has been shown to reduce all-cause mortality and to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The impact of metformin use as it relates to outcomes following TKA is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate this relationship.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study using the Truven MarketScan database. Adult patients undergoing unilateral, primary TKA were identified. We included only patients with a preoperative diagnosis of type-2 diabetes and established 2 cohorts based on metformin status. Propensity score matching was performed to match patients who used metformin to those who did not (1-to-1). Patients were matched on factors including age, sex, insulin status, other diabetic medications, comorbidities, complexity of diabetes, and smoking status. Regression analysis was then performed on matched cohorts to examine 90-day outcomes. A subgroup analysis was performed on 1-year revision rates.

Results:
After matching, there were 32,186 patients in both the metformin group and the no-metformin group, resulting in a total of 64,372 included patients. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Regression analysis, performed on matched cohorts, demonstrated that the no-metformin group had increased odds of readmission (odds ratio [OR], 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 1.15]; p < 0.001), emergency department presentation (OR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.14]; p < 0.001), extended length of stay (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.15]; p < 0.001), periprosthetic joint infection (OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.13 to 1.50]; p < 0.001), deep vein thrombosis (OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.09 to 1.26]; p < 0.001), acute kidney injury (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.09 to 1.33]; p < 0.001), hypoglycemic events (OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.54]; p = 0.039), and 1-year revision (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.33]; p = 0.033).

Conclusions:
Metformin use in patients with type-2 diabetes undergoing TKA appears to be associated with lower odds of multiple complications and resource utilization parameters, including periprosthetic joint infection and 1-year revision rates. Given the frequency with which TKA is performed in patients with type-2 diabetes, this knowledge has the potential to improve optimization protocols and outcomes in this group of patients.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Michel Scot, Liber Particularis, Liber Physonomie, Ed. Oleg Voskoboynikov, SISMEL–Edizioni Del Galluzzo, Firenze 2019 (Micrologus Library, 93), PP. VIII + 416, ISBN 9788884509062
Authors: Devriese Lisa 
Published: March 2021

Review of:
Michel Scot, Liber Particularis, Liber Physonomie, Ed. Oleg Voskoboynikov, SISMEL–Edizioni Del Galluzzo, Firenze 2019 (Micrologus Library, 93), PP. VIII + 416, ISBN 9788884509062
Ports’ criticality in international trade and global supply-chains
Authors: Verschuur Jasper , Koks Elco , Hall Jim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ports form the backbone of the global economy. By combining a vast database of ship tracking data with bilateral trade data and input-output tables, we highlight the critical role of specific ports in global supply chains and economies. For some countries, we find that 43.5% of economic activity is dependent on trade going through a single port. The top ten global ports influence 9.3% of the global economy, of which the port of Shanghai alone embeds 1.7% of global output. Ports are even more critical in some sectors, such as the mining and quarrying sector, for which 82% of trade is transported by maritime transport. We estimate how changes in final demand will be routed through ports, revealing that for every US$1000 increase in final demand a country’s ports experience a US$18.3 increase in imports on average, and up to US$108 increase in low income countries and small islands.
Lockdown Litter: A critical analysis of global COVID-19 PPE litter and measures for mitigation
Authors: Roberts Keiron , Phang Sui , Williams John , Hutchinson David , Kolstoe Simon , de Bie Jasper , Williams Ian , Stringfellow Anne 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Personal protection equipment was adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce transmission of the virus. However, masks, gloves and wipes must be disposed of responsibly. Anecdotal accounts of litter throughout 2020 suggest an environmental legacy to mismanaged PPE. Here we show the emergence of COVID-related litter over a 14-month period using the citizen science application Litterati. Observational data suggests that face mask litter became a new litter type as a result of COVID-19 legislation, increasing from <0.01% to over 0.8% in the countries observed. Glove and wipe litter was already prevalent at around 0.2% prior to the pandemic, doubling to around 0.4% throughout the pandemic. Citizen science enabled observation of littering behaviours between nations, highlighting where transferable practice could be beneficial in reducing littering impacts in other nations.
Indecomposable positive maps on positive semidefinite matrices from Mn to Mn+1
Authors: AKATCH WINDA CHARLES , Okelo Nyaare Benard , Ong’ati Omolo N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper we obtain a theorem for 2-positive linear maps from Mn(C) to Mn+1(C), where n = 2, 3, 4. In addition, we answer in the affirmative a question that asked if there exists every 2-positive linear map from M3(C) to M4(C) is indecomposable using a family of positive linear maps with Choi matrices of 2-positive maps on positive semidefinite matrices. Further it is shown that 2-positive linear map from M4(C) to M5(C) are indecomposable.
A few attempts to increase the amount of a drug coated onto the microneedles
Authors: Liang Ling , Chen Yang , Ren Gui Yao , Li Jun You , Guo Xin Dong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As an approach of painless administration, coated microneedles (MNs) have an increasing attention on the drug loading capacity to meet higher drug dosage requirement. In this work, the solid and coated MNs were successfully fabricated using hot-compaction process and dipping with a dam board reservoir. The maximum drug loading of different height, arrays and coating solutions reached 118 μg, which was hundreds of times the unmodified coated MNs. The in vitro drug delivery was also evaluated and the result revealed that the coated MNs fabricated could achieve about 90% drug delivery efficiency. The insulin-coaded MNs holding 0.5 IU of insulin were fabricated with dipping method, which had the same therapeutic effect on diabetic mice compared with the injection of the same dose. All the results demonstrated that coated MNs could meet the dosage needs of diseases by improving the height, arrays and coating solutions.
Frequency Energy Plots of Dynamical Systems Attached to Piecewise Nonlinear Energy Sink
Authors: Shudeifat Mohammed Ameen Ameen Al , Saeed Adnan Salem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The frequency-energy plots (FEPs) of two-degree-of-freedom linear structures attached to piecewise nonlinear energy sink (PNES) are generated here and thoroughly investigated. This study provides the FEP analysis of such systems for further understanding of nonlinear targeted energy transfer (TET) by the PNES. The attached PNES incorporates a symmetrical clearance zone of zero stiffness content about its equilibrium position where the boundaries of the zone are coupled with linear structure by linear stiffness elements. In addition, linear viscous damping is selected to be continuous during PNES mass oscillation. The underlying nonlinear dynamical behaviour of the considered structure-PNES systems is investigated by generating the fundamental backbone curves of the FEP and the bifurcated subharmonic resonance branches using numerical continuation methods. Accordingly, interesting dynamical behaviour of the nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) of the structure-PNES system on different backbones and subharmonic resonance branches has been observed. In addition, the imposed wavelet transform frequency spectrums on the FEPs have revealed that the TET takes place where it is dominated by the nonlinear action of the PNES.
Selection of DNA Aptamers for Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Fibroblasts
Authors: de Melo Mariane Izabella Abreu , Cunha Pricila da Silva , de Miranda Marcelo Coutinho , Barbosa Joana Lobato , Faria Jerusa Araújo Quintão Arantes , Rodrigues Michele Angela , de Goes Alfredo Miranda , Gomes Dawidson Assis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, stem cell therapy has shown promise in regenerative medicine. In this context, the distinction of mesenchymal stem cells from fibroblasts has been crucial for safe clinical application of these cells. In the present study, we developed aptamers capable of specifically recognize mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ASC) using the Cell-SELEX technique. We tested the affinity of ASC aptamers compared to dermal fibroblasts (FIB). Quantitative PCR was advantageous for the validation of four candidate aptamers in vitro. The binding capabilities of Apta 2 and Apta 42 could not distinguish both cell types, while Apta 21 and Apta 99 showed a better binding capacity to ASC with dissociation constants (Kd) of 50.46 ± 2.28 nM and 72.71 ± 10.3 nM, respectively. However, Apta 21 showed a Kd of 86.78 ± 9.14 nM when incubated with FIB. Therefore, only Apta 99 showed specificity to detect ASC. This aptamer is a promising tool for the in vitro identification of ASC. These results will help understand the differences between these two cell types for more specific and precise cell therapies.
Short-Term Effect of Poly Lactic Acid Microplastics Uptake by Earthworms, Eudrilus eugeniae.
Authors: Khaldoon Shahad , Lalung Japareng , Ibrahim Mahamad Hakimi , Kamaruddin Mohamad Anuar , Yhaya Mohd Firdaus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The uptake of polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics, the most commonly used biodegradable plastics by earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae was investigated by observing their weight changes, biomass and the microplastics concentration after feeding them with a mixture of PLA and cow dung for 16 days at the concentrations of 0%, 10%, 30%, 60%, and 80% w/w dry weight. The mortality rate of the earthworms for all the PLA concentrations during the 16 days of feeding period was 0%. However, the microplastic affected the earthworms' weight significantly (P-value 0.00027), especially at the concentration of 80% of PLA. The earthworms had the lowest weight gain at 80%, followed by 60%, 30%, and 10% of PLA, respectively. The earthworms subjected to 80% and 10% of PLA had a similar pattern with the control. This was perhaps due to the high organic matter in the worm’s feed for the 10% PLA and the digestion mechanisms, which led the earthworms to preserve their energy and become less active in the 80% PLA, compared to all the other treatments. The PLA microplastics concentration factor (CF) in the vermicast was the highest at the 10 % PLA compared to other treatments, because Eudrilus eugeniae did not degrade the PLA. This study concludes that even though PLA is a biopolymer-based, it cannot be bio- assimilated by the earthworm.
The Melatonin Receptor MT2 Is Partly Involved in the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Melatonin in Rats With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yapislar Hande , Haciosmanoglu Ebru , Sarioglu Turkan , Degirmencioglu Sevgin , Sogut Ibrahim , Poteser Michael , Ekmekcioglu Cem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance is associated with a pro-inflammatory state increasing the risk for complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to its chronobiotic effects, the pineal hormone melatonin is also known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, melatonin was also suggested to affect insulin secretion and melatonin levels were reported to be decreased in T2DM patients

Aims: The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of melatonin on inflammation in diabetic rats and to study the possible involvement of the melatonin receptor, MT2.
Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 10 per group):1) control, 2) streptozotocin/nicotinamid induced diabetes type 2 (T2DM), 3) T2DM treated with melatonin (500 µg/kg/day), and 4) T2DM treated with melatonin (500 µg/kg/day) and the selective MT2 receptor antagonist luzindole (0.25 g/kg/day). Blood samples were taken for biochemical parameters and various tissue samples (liver, adipose tissue, brain) were removed for immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB) and Q-PCR analyses, respectively.

Results: Melatonin significantly reduced increased blood levels of liver transaminases (AST, ALT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in diabetic rats. Furthermore, in liver and adipose tissue of treated rats, melatonin administration resulted in considerable lower expression of the increased inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB, as shown by reduction in RNA and protein levels. The MT2 receptor was only partly involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that melatonin has relevant anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic rats. Further studies in humans could prove the potential clinical benefit of melatonin supplementation in patients with T2DM.
Evaluation of Nutritive Values of Agro-Industrial By-Products (AIBPS) and Effect of Their Nano Structural Characteristics on the Kinetics of Biogas Production and Methane Emission
Authors: Shirmohammadi Shahram , Taghizadeh Akbar , Paya Hamid , Javanmard Arash , Abachi Soheila , Darabi Behnam Hajimohammadi , Gharajeh Saeid Narimani , Shokrani Nazanin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Over the past decades, the agro-industrial by-products (AIBP) has received considerable attention. With this motivation, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AIBP as a source of non-fiber carbohydrates on biogas production kinetic, methane emission and fermentation characteristics. Experimental treatments were (1) Sugar beet pulp (SBP) (control), (2) Apple pomace (AP), (3) Orange pulp (OP, (4) 33% AP + 66% OP, (5) 50% AP + 50% OP and (6) 66% AP + 33%OP. For this work, we analyzed the data collected from the kinetics of digestion through biogas production, ex-vivo methane emission, in-vitro digestibility of dry matter and fermentation parameters. Field emission scanning electron microscope was used to show the nano structural differences of the AIBPs. Our results demonstrated the significant differences of the crude protein among the treatments (P < 0.05). Biogas production and methane emission were significantly higher in SBP and OP treatments (P < 0.05). The most eminent and the lowest amounts of acetate were observed for AP and OP (61.84 mmol/L, 58.15 mmol/L), respectively. More broken edges were obvious in OP images. particle size was rather smaller in SBP. Images of AP showed a sleek surface which may act as a shield preventing more digestion. Overall, beside reducing environmental contamination by AIBP, our results showed a positive effect of AIBPs on degradation and biogas kinetics, methane emission and in vitro fermentation parameters describing that they can be used as a good source of non-fiber energy sources.
Impacts of soil disturbance on plant diversity in a dry grassland
Authors: Nabe-Nielsen Louise Imer , Reddersen Jens , Nabe-Nielsen Jacob 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dry grasslands are among the most species rich habitats in Europe, but they are also among the most threatened. Threats include too high and too low levels of disturbance. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of soil disturbance intensity on species composition and diversity in a dry grassland in Mols Bjerge National Park in Denmark. We recorded vascular plant species inside and just outside patches of bare sand, and in the transition zone between these. We found that the number of species was highest in the dense vegetation, intermediate at the transition and lowest in bare sand areas. However, an analysis of plant traits showed that the number of small annual species was highest in the transition zone. High abundance of small annual species may therefore indicate intermediate disturbance regimes. Based on a literature study we demonstrate that many threatened species are adapted to such habitats. This suggests that dry grasslands should be managed to maintain areas with intermediate disturbances intensities to maintain optimal conditions for many threatened species. To our knowledge, this is the first time it has been documented that small annual species can indicate intermediate disturbance regimes in dry grasslands.
Dynamic changes in genetic diversity, drug resistance mutations, and treatment outcomes of falciparum malaria from the low-transmission to the pre-elimination phase on the isolated islands of São Tomé and Príncipe
Authors: Chen Ying-An , Shiu Tsen-Ju , Tseng Lien-Fen , Cheng Chien-Fu , Shih Wei-Liang , Tsai Kun-Hsien 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
With effective vector control and case management, substantial progress has been made in the elimination of malaria on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP). During the critical period from the low-transmission to the pre-elimination phase, this study tracked the dynamic changes in the genetic diversity in Plasmodium falciparum, the distribution of antimalarial drug-resistance genes, and the treatment outcomes in patients to provide insights for the prevention of rebounded malaria in STP.
Methods
Dried blood spots (DBSs) and case follow-up data were collected from malaria patients who had visited the Central Hospital between 2010 and 2016. Genomic DNA of P. falciparum was extracted from DBSs. The polymorphic regions on the genes for merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 (msp1 and msp2) were amplified in 118 pre-treatment samples to identify the genetic diversity of the infected parasites. Anti-malarial drug resistance mutations in the multi-drug resistance (pfmdr1), chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt), and kelch 13 (pfK13) genes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing in 111 samples. Treatment outcomes were categorized based on the parasitological results from microscopy during the 28-day follow-up after treatment. Factors related to malaria recurrence were characterized by logistic regression models using case follow-up data (total number = 7,482).
Results
The circulating parasite strains in STP showed significant changes at the recent peak incidence in 2012, during which the prevalent allelic type in MSP1 changed from K1 to MAD20, and that in MSP2 changed from 3D7/IC to FC27. Genotyping results for antimalarial drug-resistance markers showed that the dominant alleles of pfmdr1 86 + 184 + 1246-pfcrt 76 were YFD-T (51.4%). Logistic regression models showed that significant factors related to parasitological failure after treatment were age (protective factor, OR = 0.97–0.98), log10-transformed parasite density (OR = 1.07–1.44), and treatment (quinine vs. artemisinin-based combination therapy, OR = 1.91–1.96). Overall, younger patients, those with higher parasitemia levels at enrollment, and those treated with quinine had a higher risk of recurrence during follow-up.
Conclusions
Although malaria treatment efficacy remained acceptable in STP, this study showed temporal changes in the dominant strains and the development of drug resistance mutations in the local parasite population. Therapeutic efficacy should be carefully monitored to adequately adjust the policy in the future.