bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective evaluation of biomaterial effects after injection laryngoplasty – Introduction of artificial intelligence‐based ultrasonic image analysis
Authors: Tseng Wen‐Hsuan , Lee Ming‐Sui , Wang Che‐Chai , Chen Yong‐Wei , Hsiao Tzu‐Yu , Yang Tsung‐Lin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveHyaluronic acid (HA) can be degraded over time. However, persistence of the effects after injection laryngoplasty (IL) for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), longer than expected from HA longevity, has been observed. The purpose of the study was to develop a methodology with clinical utility for objective evaluation of the temporal change in HA volume after IL using artificial intelligence (AI)‐based ultrasonic assessment.Design, setting and participantsImaging phantoms simulating injected HA were built in different volumes for designing the algorithm for machine learning. Subsequently, five adult patients who had undergone IL with HA for UVFP were recruited for clinical evaluation.Main outcome measuresEstimated volumes were evaluated for injected HA by the automatic algorithm as well as voice outcomes at 2 weeks, and 2 and 6 months after IL.ResultsOn imaging phantoms, contours on each frame were described well by the algorithm and the volume could be estimated accordingly. The error rates were 0%‐9.2%. Moreover, the resultant contours of the HA area were captured in detail for all participants. The estimated volume decreased to an average of 65.76% remaining at 2 months and to a minimal amount at 6 months while glottal closure remained improved.ConclusionThe volume change of the injected HA over time for an individual was estimated non‐invasively by AI‐based ultrasonic image analysis. The prolonged effect after treatment, longer than HA longevity, was demonstrated objectively for the first time. The information is beneficial to achieve optimal cost‐effectiveness of IL and improve the life quality of the patients.
Effect of colourants on the optical characteristics and structure of Y2O3 stabilised tetragonal zirconia ceramic
Authors: Chen Jianfeng , Wen Ning , Xue Chundong , Liu Zhaocen , Liang Zhuoran , Wang Bo , Zhao Lisheng , Dang Ruijie , Liao Ningfang , Dai Guanghai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study is to investigate the effect of metal oxides Fe2O3 and CeO2 on the optical characteristics and structure of Y2O3 stabilised tetragonal zirconia ceramic (Y‐TZP). It is found that the addition of Fe2O3 and CeO2 not only changes the colour of Y‐TZP, but also reduces the light transmittance. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterisation and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis show that the combination of Y‐TZP and the colourant is stable and the structure is uniform. Our findings can improve the understanding of coloration of Y‐TZP by metal oxides, and support a quantitative assessment approach for aesthetic performance of dental restoration material.
Data linkage and pain medication in people with cerebral palsy: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: García Jalón Elena Guiomar , Maguire Aideen , Perra Oliver , Gavin Anna , O’Reilly Dermot , Thurston Allen 
Published: March 2021

AimTo explore data linkage and pain medication as a proxy for pain, to assess differences in pain medication between the cerebral palsy (CP) and the general populations, and to identify factors associated with pain medication in CP.MethodThis cross‐sectional study linked the Northern Ireland CP Register and two administrative health care databases for people resident in Northern Ireland born between 1981 and 2008. Pain medication as a proxy was validated by replicating analyses from the Study of Participation of Children with Cerebral Palsy Living in Europe (SPARCLE) studies. Logistic regression compared pain medication in the CP and general populations. Multi‐level regression models assessed factors associated with pain medication in the CP cohort.ResultsThe sample size was 701 075, of whom 1430 (0.2%) were people with CP. There were 358 969 males and 340 677 females in the general population, and 810 males and 620 females in the CP population, with an age range of 4 to 31 years in both groups. The validation exercise produced results similar to the SPARCLE studies. More people with CP received pain medication (61% vs 50.9%) and had twice the odds of being prescribed opioid analgesics (odds ratio [OR]=2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.32–3.40). Among those with CP, the odds of being prescribed pain medication were higher for: females (OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.06–1.70), younger age (OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.02–2.51), Gross Motor Function Classification System level V (OR=2.60, 95% CI 1.52–4.47), seizures (OR=2.55, 95% CI 1.68–3.87), and higher deprivation score (OR=2.06, 95% CI 1.41–3.24).InterpretationPain medication is an effective proxy for pain. More people with CP were prescribed pain medication than the general population. Pain medication for people with CP is not only dependent on physiological and clinical characteristics, but also environmental factors.
What this paper adds

Data linkage using pain medication as a proxy for experiencing pain is a valid method.

People with cerebral palsy (CP) are more likely to experience pain than the general population.

People with CP have over twice the odds of receiving opioids compared to the general population.

The odds of being prescribed pain medication were higher for females with CP.

Prescription of pain medication among those with CP is not only dependent on clinical characteristics, but also environmental factors.
Involvement of the A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 in oral cancer cell invasion
Authors: Buranaphatthana Worakanya , Wu Shuangjiang , Makeudom Anupong , Sastraruji Thanapat , Supanchart Chayarop , Krisanaprakornkit Suttichai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine the functional roles of the transmembrane glycoprotein, Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 9 (ADAM 9), in the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT and in the aggressiveness of oral cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were conducted to determine expression of ADAM 9 and the levels of EGFR phosphorylated at the tyrosine 1173 residue (p‐EGFRtyr1173) and AKT phosphorylated at the serine 473 residue (p‐AKTser473) in oral cancer tissues and in the oral cancer cell lines HN5, HN6, HN15, and HN008. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to inhibit expression of ADAM9 mRNA, and thus production of ADAM9 protein, in oral cancer cells. ADAM9‐knockdown cells were examined for p‐EGFRtyr1173 and p‐AKTser473 levels and used for cell proliferation and invasion assays. A positive correlation among overexpression of ADAM 9, p‐EGFRtyr1173, and p‐AKTser473 was found in oral cancer tissues. These biomolecules were also overexpressed in HN6 and HN15 cell lines. Expression of ADAM9 in HN6 and HN15 cells was statistically significantly inhibited by siRNA against ADAM9 mRNA (siADAM9) compared with the negative‐control siRNA (scramble). The levels of p‐AKTser473, but not those of p‐EGFRtyr1173, were statistically significantly blocked by siADAM9. Although the proliferation rates of ADAM9 knocked‐down HN6 and HN15 cells did not differ from those of cells exposed to scramble, a statistically significant decrease in cell invasion was found in these ADAM9‐silenced cells. These results suggest a functional role of the ADAM 9/AKT signaling pathway in oral cancer cell invasion, which may be beneficial as a therapeutic target of oral cancer.
Dental age and skeletal maturity assessment in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Marinkovic Nemanja , Zelic Ksenija , Milovanovic Petar , Milutinovic Jovana , Djuric Marija , Nikodijevic Latinovic Angelina , Nedeljkovic Nenad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aims of this study were to calculate the estimated dental age and the degree of skeletal maturity in patients with cerebral palsy and control patients (i.e., without a diagnosis of cerebral palsy) and to compare the findings with the chronological age of patients in both study groups. In this cross‐sectional study, the European formula and the Willems method were used to estimate the dental age of 52 patients with cerebral palsy and 104 control patients, all aged between 7 and 15 years. For all patients, their estimated dental age was compared with their chronological age. The degree of skeletal maturity of 35 patients with cerebral palsy and 104 control patients was estimated according to Baccetti's method. There was no statistically significant difference in the deviation of the estimated dental age from the chronological age between patients with cerebral palsy and control patients when the European formula or the Willems method was applied. No difference was found in the frequency of Baccetti's stages between patients with cerebral palsy and control patients in the same age category, for both sexes. To estimate dental age in patients with cerebral palsy, the European formula is preferable for orthodontic purposes and the Willems method is preferable for forensic purposes. Using Baccetti's method it was not possible to detect potential differences in skeletal maturity between patients with cerebral palsy and controls.
The dual anti‐caries effect of carboxymethyl chitosan nanogel loaded with chimeric lysin ClyR and amorphous calcium phosphate
Authors: Zhu Yun , Yan Jiarong , Mujtaba Babar Muhammad , Li Yuhong , Wei Hongping , Huang Shengfu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the anti‐biofilm and anti‐demineralization abilities of a novel material, CMC‐ClyR‐ACP nanogel, designed by loading the chimeric lysin ClyR and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) into a nanocarrier material carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), in a demineralization model. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy showed that CMC‐ClyR‐ACP nanogel was synthesized successfully. Enamel samples prepared from premolars were divided into five groups according to their treatments with: (i) double distilled water ddH2O, (ii) CMC‐ACP, (iii) CMC‐ClyR‐ACP, (iv) ClyR, or (v) 0.12% chlorhexidine. Streptococcus mutans was allowed to form biofilms on the teeth for two days before treatment procedures were carried out from day 3 to day 6. The relative biofilm viability analyzed by Cell Counting Kit‐8 showed that it was significantly lower (at 55.7%) for CMC‐ClyR‐ACP than seen for ddH2O (89.9%), which was consistent with result of confocal laser scanning microscopy. The percentage surface hardness loss of CMC‐ClyR‐ACP (29.2%) was significantly lower than that of CMC‐ACP (51.0%) and ClyR (58.7%) alone, and there was no significant difference between CMC‐ClyR‐ACP and chlorhexidine (26.9%), which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, CMC‐ClyR‐ACP nanogel may be an effective strategy for the control of enamel demineralization.
Effects of melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) antagonist on neuropathic pain hypersensitivity in rats – A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Korczeniewska Olga A. , Kohli Divya , Katzmann Rider Giannina , Zaror Carlos , Iturriaga Veronica , Benoliel Rafael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMelanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) has been investigated as a potential drug target for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The objective of the study was to systematically identify the effects of MC4R antagonists on hypersensitivity in rat models of neuropathic pain. A systematic search was conducted using the following databases: WoS, PubMed, SCOPUS, and MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria were: rat hypersensitivity induced by models of neuropathic pain with reported effects of MC4R antagonist. Two researchers performed the selection process and data extraction. SYRCLE risk of bias tool was used. Standard mean differences (SMD) were calculated and pooled by meta‐analysis using random effect models. Ten articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. The results reveal that, in animals exposed to neuropathic pain, administration of MC4R antagonists significantly increased paw withdrawal threshold (SHU9119 SMD = 1.67, 95% CI: [0.91, 2.44], I2 = 0%; HS014 SMD = 2.2, 95% CI: [0.53, 3.87], I2 = 71%) and heat withdrawal latency (HS014 SMD = 3.35, 95% CI: [0.56, 6.14], I2 = 83%) compared to vehicle‐treated animals. MC4R antagonists are effective in the alleviation of hypersensitivity in rodent neuropathic pain models. SHU9119 and HS014 antagonists showed the most prominent results. However, further investigation is needed to determine the optimal dose and time of treatment.
Invasion and rapid adaptation of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) across the Hawaiian Archipelago
Authors: Rosenthal William C. , McIntyre Peter B. , Lisi Peter J. , Prather Robert B. , Moody Kristine N. , Blum Michael J. , Hogan James Derek , Schoville Sean D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow much does natural selection, as opposed to genetic drift, admixture, and gene flow, contribute to the evolution of invasive species following introduction to a new environment? Here we assess how evolution can shape biological invasions by examining population genomic variation in non‐native guppies (Poecilia reticulata) introduced to the Hawaiian Islands approximately a century ago. By examining 18 invasive populations from four Hawaiian islands and four populations from the native range in northern South America, we reconstructed the history of introductions and evaluated population structure as well as the extent of ongoing gene flow across watersheds and among islands. Patterns of differentiation indicate that guppies have developed significant population structure, with little natural or human‐mediated gene flow having occurred among populations following introduction. Demographic modeling and admixture graph analyses together suggest that guppies were initially introduced to O‘ahu and Maui and then translocated to Hawai‘i and Kaua‘i. We detected evidence for only one introduction event from the native range, implying that any adaptive evolution in introduced populations likely utilized the genetic variation present in the founding population. Environmental association tests accounting for population structure identified loci exhibiting signatures of adaptive variation related to predators and landscape characteristics but not nutrient regimes. When paired with high estimates of effective population sizes and detectable population structure, the presence of environment‐associated loci supports the role of natural selection in shaping contemporary evolution of Hawaiian guppy populations. Our findings indicate that local adaptation may engender invasion success, particularly in species with life histories that facilitate rapid evolution. Finally, evidence of low gene flow between populations suggests that removal could be an effective approach to control invasive guppies across the Hawaiian archipelago.
Molecular epidemiology of non‐syndromic autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in a Middle‐Eastern population
Authors: Mohamad Janan , Samuelov Liat , Malchin Natalia , Rabinowitz Tom , Assaf Sari , Malki Liron , Malovitski Kiril , Israeli Shirli , Grafi‐Cohen Meital , Bitterman‐Deutsch Ora , Molho‐Pessach Vered , Cohen‐Barak Eran , Bach Gideon , Garty Ben Zion , Bergman Reuven , Harel Avikam , Nanda Arti , Lestringant Giles G. , McGrath John , Shalev Stavit , Shomron Noam , Mashiah Jacob , Eskin‐Schwartz Marina , Sprecher Eli , Sarig Ofer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAutosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a rare and heterogeneous skin cornification disorder presenting with generalized scaling and varying degrees of erythema. Clinical manifestations range from lamellar ichthyosis (LI), congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE) through the most severe form of ARCI, Harlequin ichthyosis (HI). We used homozygosity mapping, whole‐exome and direct sequencing to delineate the relative distribution of pathogenic variants as well as identify genotype‐phenotype correlations in a cohort of 62 Middle Eastern families with ARCI of various ethnic backgrounds. Pathogenic variants were identified in most ARCI‐associated genes including TGM1 (21%), CYP4F22 (18%), ALOX12B (14%), ABCA12 (10%), ALOXE3 (6%), NIPAL4 (5%), PNPLA1 (3%), LIPN (2%) and SDR9C7 (2%). In 19% of cases, no mutation was identified. Our cohort revealed a higher prevalence of CYP4F22 and ABCA12 pathogenic variants and a lower prevalence of TGM1 and NIPAL4 variants, as compared to data obtained in other regions of the world. Most variants (89%) in ALOX12B were associated with CIE and were the most common cause of ARCI among patients of Muslim origin (26%). Palmoplantar keratoderma associated with fissures was exclusively a result of pathogenic variants in TGM1. To our knowledge, this is the largest cohort study of ARCI in the Middle‐Eastern population reported to date. Our data demonstrate the importance of population‐tailored mutation screening strategies and shed light upon specific genotype‐phenotype correlations.
Neutrosophic game pricing methods with risk aversion for pricing of data products
Authors: Luo Suizhi , Xing Lining 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the progressive development of satellite image data products, their pricing strategies become more and more important for enterprises to earn profits. The objective of this study is to explore several game pricing methods with risk aversion for pricing of data products in neutrosophic environments. First, to reflect the uncertainty of problem parameters, the idea of neutrosophic variables is adopted. With the aid of neutrosophic variables, the truth, indeterminacy and falsity degrees of players can be intuitively and conveniently obtained. Subsequently, considering the risk aversion of decision makers, the optimistic value theory is introduced into neutrosophic variables for calculating the optimistic value of player's profits. Then, different pricing models are constructed under the Bertrand and Stackelberg game scenarios, respectively. After deriving the corresponding equilibrium equations, some numerical instances are provided to testify the feasibility of our methods. Furthermore, the influences of dissimilar market power structures are examined. Finally, the effects of seven problem parameters and players' confidence levels on pricing results are investigated through sensitivity analyses. The results show that the proposed methods are practicable and can offer guidance for the pricing decision of data products.
A century of social wasp occupancy trends from natural history collections: spatiotemporal resolutions have little effect on model performance
Authors: Jönsson Galina M. , Broad Gavin R. , Sumner Seirian , Isaac Nick J. B. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The current dearth of long‐term insect population trends is a major obstacle to conservation. Occupancy models have been proposed as a solution, but it remains unclear whether they can yield long‐term trends from natural history collections, since specimen records are normally very sparse. A common approach for sparse data is to coarsen its spatial and/or temporal resolution, although coarsening risks violating model assumptions.
We (i) test whether occupancy trends of three social wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae) species – the common wasp (Vespula vulgaris), the German wasp (Vespula germanica) and the European hornet (Vespa crabro) – have changed in England between 1900 and 2016, and (ii) test the effect of spatiotemporal resolution on the performance of occupancy models using very sparse data. All models are based on an integrated dataset of occurrence records and natural history collection specimen records.
We show that occupancy models can yield long‐term species‐specific trends from very sparse natural history collection specimens. We present the first quantitative trends for three Vespinae species in England over 116 years. Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica show stable trends over the time series, whilst V. crabro's occupancy decreased from 1950 to 1970 and increased since 1970. Moreover, we show that spatiotemporal resolution has little effect on model performance, although coarsening the spatial grain is an appropriate method for achieving enough records to estimate long‐term changes.
With the increasing availability of biological records, the model formulation used here has the potential to provide novel insights by making use of natural history collections' unique specimen assemblages.
Making sense of (mis)matched frames of reference: A dynamic cognitive theory of (in)stability in HR practices
Authors: Budd John W. , Pohler Dionne , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBy returning to an old insight that frames of reference influence action, we theorize that actors’ frames influence their desired HR practices, and these practices will be stable if managers and employees share similar frames. When actors’ frames are mismatched, however, HR practices can violate employee expectations and trigger a sensemaking process, potentially leading to framing contests and conflict. We hypothesize predicted patterns of conflict and expected outcomes depending on the nature of the mismatched frames. Allowing for mismatched frames uniquely highlights the importance of recognizing managers’ and employees’ frames for understanding HR outcomes and conflicts observed in practice.
A game of information security investment considering security insurance and complementary information assets
Authors: Qian Xiaofei , Yang Wujuan , Pei Jun , Liu Xinbao , Pardalos Panos M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConsidering information security insurance, this paper investigates an information security investment game between two firms with complementary information assets. Each firm's information security investment and expected profit in Nash equilibrium (i.e., firms make decisions individually) and social optimum (i.e., firms make decisions jointly) are analyzed through rigorous theoretical analyses and numerical examples. We find that making decisions jointly will make the two firms as a whole obtain more profits than when they make decisions alone, whereas this does not mean that each firm will benefit from the joint decision‐making process. Our results show that a firm yields a smaller expected profit in the joint decision game than the individual decision game under some conditions. In addition, the impacts of a higher insurance price and a higher investment efficiency on a firm's information security investment and expected profit are explored. The results indicate that, for a single firm, a higher insurance price does not necessarily result in smaller profit, and a higher investment efficiency does not always lead to larger profit. Then we design a compensation‐based contract to coordinate the two firms’ information security investments when they make decisions individually. The contract will make the two firms achieve social optimum and ensure that each firm yields more profits than firms without the contract. Finally, we extend our research by setting the insurance amount as a decision variable to verify the above analyses.