bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Sex Differences in Visual Reliance During Postural Control in Intercollegiate Athletes
Authors: Ingel Nicolette , Vice Victoria , Dommer Courtney , Csonka Jennifer , Moore Tara , Zaleski Ariel , Killelea Carolyn , Faherty Mallory , Feld Jody , Sell Timothy 
Published: October 2021

Background Risk factors for different sports injuries vary between sexes. Deficits in postural stability have been associated with several lower extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in static postural stability between male and female intercollegiate athletes with and without visual information. Hypothesis There will be no difference in visual reliance between sexes during static postural stability. Study Design Cross-sectional Study Methods Static postural stability was assessed during a single session for football, soccer, basketball, and volleyball intercollegiate athletes (males, n=135, females, n=51) under eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions via performance of single limb stance on a force plate. Ground reaction force component data in all directions were quantified as a unitless composite score (COMP) where lower values indicated better postural stability. The absolute change and percentage change between EO and EC conditions were calculated for each sex. Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to compare differences between sexes. Results Males had greater EO COMP (males=7.77±3.40; females=6.48±4.61; p=0.038; Cohen’s d=0.343) and EC COMP (males=19.43±8.91; females 14.66±6.65; p=0.001; Cohen’s d=0.571) than females. A significant difference in absolute change from EO to EC was observed between sexes (males=-11.65±7.05; females=-8.18±5.61; p=0.01, Cohen’s d=-0.520) indicating that males had a greater change between conditions for the worse. There was no significant difference in percent change from EO to EC between sexes (males=159.2±90.7; females=156.7±109.2; p=0.39; Cohen’s d=0.026). Conclusions The observed differences between males and females in EO COMP, EC COMP, and absolute difference in COMP indicate that there is some factor that causes a difference in static postural stability between sexes. No difference in percent change between groups indicates that the difference in static postural stability between sexes may not be due to visual reliance. Female athletes may inherently have better postural stability than males, but both sexes were able to compensate for the loss of visual input. Level of Evidence 3
Injuries in Quidditch: A Prospective Study from a Complete UK Season
Authors: Pennington Rachel , Cooper Ashley , Faulkner Alastair C , MacInnes Alasdair , Greensmith Thomas S W , Mayne Alistair I W , Davies Peter S E 
Published: October 2021

Background Quidditch is a mixed-gender, full-contact sport founded in the USA in 2005, played worldwide by an estimated 25,000 players. It is one of the few mixed-gender full-contact sports, yet there remain few published studies regarding injury rates and patterns. A previous study suggested that the overall rate of injury in quidditch is in line with other contact sports, however raised concerns that female players were sustaining a higher rate of concussion when compared to male players. Purpose To examine injury rates and injury patterns in UK quidditch athletes over the course of a single season. Study design Prospective epidemiological study Methods Data were prospectively collected by professional first aid staff for the 2017-18 season spanning all major UK tournaments, involving 699 athletes. Anonymized player demographics were collected by an online survey. Time loss injury rates were measured per 1000 athletic exposures (AEs) and hours of play. Results The overall time loss injury rate was 20.5 per 1000 hours or 8.0 per 1000 AEs. The combined rate of concussion was 7.3 per 1000 hours or 2.8 per 1000 AEs. There was no statistical difference between time loss injuries in males (20.9/1000 hours and 8.1/1000 AEs) and females (13.9/1000 hours and 5.4/1000 AEs) (p=0.30) and no statistical difference between concussion rates in males (n=7) and females (n=4) (p=0.60). Conclusions Total time loss injury rates in quidditch appear to be comparable with other full-contact sports such as football. The rate of concussions for both males and females appear higher when compared to other contact sports. Level of evidence 3
Direction-Specific Signatures of Sport Participation in Center of Pressure Profiles of Division I Athletes
Authors: Glass Stephen M. , Ross Scott E. 
Published: October 2021

Background Descriptive and comparative studies of human postural control generally report effects for component or resultant dimensions of a measured signal, which may obscure potentially important information related to off-cardinal directionality. Recent work has demonstrated highly specific balance behavior that is often not easily reconciled with conventional theories of postural control. Purpose The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of sport-specific training history on directional profiles of center of pressure (COP) displacement and velocity among collegiate athletes. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study. Methods One-hundred sixty-seven NCAA Division-I varsity athletes (80 female: 19.12±1.08 years, 169.79±7.03 cm, 65.69±10.43 kg; 87 male: 19.59±1.33 years, 181.25±9.06 cm, 76.40±12.73 kg) representing four sports (basketball, soccer, tennis, and cross county) participated in this study. Participants balanced barefoot with eyes closed on a force plate for 10-s. in double leg and single leg stance. Effects of sport on mean COP velocity and total displacement were assessed within eight non-overlapping directions (i.e. heading bins). Results Greater double leg COP displacement and velocity were observed within specific heading bins in cross country athletes when compared to soccer athletes. Greater double leg COP velocity was also observed in multiple heading bins in basketball athletes when compared to soccer athletes. Greater single leg (non-dominant limb) COP displacement was observed in the 135° heading bin in basketball athletes when compared to soccer athletes. Conclusions The observed effects are likely attributable to sport-specific sensorimotor adaptations, including lower extremity strength/power, proprioceptive acuity, and efficiency of integrating vestibular information. Other potential mechanism—namely the involvement of cutaneous feedback and/or muscle synergies—deserve consideration. Directional profiling of spontaneous COP motion may improve understanding of sport-related balance behavior, enhancing its application in therapeutic and performance monitoring contexts. Level of evidence 3b
Traumatic Hip Dislocation in an NCAA DI Football Player with Occult Sequelae: A Case Report
Authors: Safford Daniel W , Pontillo Marisa , Sennett Brian J 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose American football generates the most sports-related injuries in the United States, with tackling as the leading injury mechanism. Overall injury rate at the collegiate level has been reported as 8.61 per 1,000 athlete exposures (AEs) – twice the rate of high school levels; competition injury rates are reported as high as 36.94/1000 AEs. Traumatic hip dislocation is an uncommon injury typically arising from high-energy axial impact with only 2-5.5% occurring during sports activities. Case Description A 22-year-old NCAA Division I football defensive back who experienced extreme left hip pain following contact with another player with his hip flexed during a game was diagnosed with a type 1 posterior hip dislocation, a grade 1 medial collateral ligament sprain with concomitant posterior thigh and hip muscle strains. Key impairments were limited left lower extremity motor performance, range of motion deficits, left hip pain, and diminished function and weight-bearing ability. Outcomes The athlete reintegrated into typical defensive back off-season training approximately four to five months post injury without restrictions, however presented with new anterior hip pain seven months post injury revealing occult sequelae requiring surgical intervention. He was able to return to full play the following football season. Discussion This case report describes the successful return to sport of a Division I football player who sustained a traumatic posterior hip dislocation and complicated course including surgical intervention secondary to associated sequelae. Level of Evidence 5
A Validation Model for Prediction of Kovats Retention Indices of Compounds Isolated from Origanum spp. and Thymus spp. Essential Oils
Authors: Čabarkapa Ivana , Aćimović Milica , Pezo Lato , Tadić Vanja 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. This work aimed to obtain a validated model for the prediction of retention times of compounds isolated from Origanum heracleoticum, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, and Thymus serpyllum essential oils. In total 68 experimentally obtained retention times of compounds, which were separated and detected by GC-MS were further used to build the prediction models. The quantitative structure–retention relationship was employed to foresee the Kovats retention indices of compounds acquired by GC-MS analysis, using eight molecular descriptors selected by a genetic algorithm. The chosen descriptors were used as inputs for the four artificial neural networks, to construct a Kovats retention indices predictive quantitative structure–retention relationship model. The coefficients of determination in the training cycle were 0.830; 0.852; 0.922 and 0.815 (for compounds found in O. heracleoticum, O. vulgare, T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum essential oils, respectively), demonstrating that these models could be used for prediction of Kovats retention indices, due to low prediction error and high r2.

Resumen. El objetivo de este trabajo es la obtención de modelos validados para la predicción del tiempo de retención de los compuestos aislados de aceites esenciales de Origanum heracleoticum, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris y Thymus serpyllum. Se han obtenido un total de 68 tiempos de retención de compuestos, separándose y detectándose por cromatografía de gases con detección por espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) con posterior desarrollo de modelos de predicción. La relación cuantitativa estructura-retención ha sido utilizada para predecir el índice de retención Kovats de los compuestos obtenidos por análisis de GC-MS, utilizando ocho descriptores moleculares seleccionados mediante algoritmo genético. Los descriptores seleccionados han sido utilizados como entrada para las cuatro redes neuronales artificiales y así elaborar los índices predictivos del modelo de relación cuantitativa estructura-retención. Los coeficientes de determinación en el ciclo de entrenamiento fueron de 0.830; 0.852; 0.922 y 0.815 (para los compuestos identificados en los aceites esenciales del O. heracleoticum, O. vulgare, T. vulgaris y T. serpyllum respectivamente) demostrando así que estos modelos son útiles en la predicción de los índices de retención de Kovats con un error de bajo predicción y alta r2.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANOMALIES IN SURFACE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE PRECEDING VOLCANO ERUPTIONS DETECTED BY THE LANDSAT-8 THERMAL INFRARED SENSOR (CASE STUDY: KARANGETANG VOLCANO)
Authors: Suwarsono Suwarsono , Triyono Djoko , Khomarudin Muhammad Rokhis , Rokhmatuloh Rokhmatuloh 
Published: October 2021

Indonesia's geological as part of the “ring of fire” includes the consequence that community life could be affected by volcanic activity. The catastrophic incidence of volcanic eruptions in the last ten years has had a disastrous impact on human life. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to conduct research on the strengthening of the early warning system for volcanic eruptions utilising remote sensing technology. This study analyses spatial and temporal anomalies of surface brightness temperature in the peak area of Karangetang volcano during the 2018-2019 eruption. Karangetang volcano is an active volcano located in North Sulawesi, with a magmatic eruption type that releases lava flow. We analyse the anomalies in the brightness temperature from channel-10 of the Landsat-8 TIRS (Thermal Infrared Scanner) time series during the period in question. The results of the research demonstrate that in the case of Karangetang Volcano the eruptions of 2018-2019 indicate increases in the surface brightness temperature of the crater region. As this volcano has many craters, the method is also very useful to establish in which crater the center of the eruption occurred.
Hubungan Frekuensi Konsumsi Karbohidrat Dengan Kejadian Karies Gigi Pada anak Prasekolah
Authors: Zuhroh Diah Fauzia , Urfiyanah Urfiyanah 
Published: October 2021

Masalah terbesar yang dihadapi penduduk Indonesia seperti di negara berkembang lainnya di bidang kesehatan gigi dan mulut penyakit jaringan yaitu karies gigi atau caries dentis di samping penyakit gusi. tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan konsumsi karbohidrat dengan kejadian karies gigi di TK Asmaul Husna Arosbaya Bangkalan Madura.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh siswa-siswi sebanyak 60 siswa dan jumlah sampel 53 siswa yang diambil menggunakan tekhnik accidental sampling. Variabel independen konsumsi karbohidrat dan variabel dependen karies gigi. Pengumpulan data dengan menyebar kuesioner , pengolahan data editing, coding, scoring dan tabulating, analisa data dengan uji statistik Chisquare menggunakan SPSS 16.
Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa siswa yang mengkonsumsi karbohidrat sering 42 siswa (79,2%). Sedangkan yang mengkonsumsi karbohidrat jarang 11 siswa (20,8%).
Siswa yang tidak mengalami karies gigi 18 siswa (34,0%). Sedangkan yang mengalami karies gigi 35 siswa (66,05). Hasil uji statistik chisquare dengan SPSS 16, p = 0,001 dimana p < α (0,05) yang berarti Hi diterima.
Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu ada hubungan frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat dengan kejadian karies gigi di TK Asmaul Husna Arosbaya Bangkalan Madura.
Criminalidade e efeito deterrence no Brasil
Authors: Teixeira Evandro Camargos , Oliveira Pedro Rodrigues , Jardim Stéffany Costa 
Published: October 2021

Diante das exorbitantes taxas de criminalidade verificadas principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, um dos fatores mais importantes e capazes de impedir sua evolução se refere ao efeito deterrence. Este corresponde a existência de elementos dissuasórios que agem no sentido de desestimular o avanço do crime, com destaque para aqueles relacionados aos mecanismos da justiça e da polícia, denotados por Becker (1968). Dessa forma, este estudo inova ao considerar tais mecanismos em conjunto, representados pelos gastos públicos per capita com o sistema judiciário e o policiamento, respectivamente, e seus efeitos sobre as taxas de homicídios no Brasil durante o período 2005-2013. para tal, utilizou-se um painel dinâmico, onde os resultados demonstram que apenas os gastos per capita com justiça impactam sobre a criminalidade, mas de forma positiva, o que levanta questionamentos a respeito da capacidade alocativa dos recursos públicos no intuito de deter o avanço do crime no país.
تحليل مؤشرات تطرفات درجات الحرارة اليومية في العراق
Authors: أحمد لفته حمد البديري م.د. 
Published: October 2021

تعد التغيرات المناخية واثارها من أبرز التحديات التي تواجه الانسان في القرن الواحد والعشرين، تناولت الدراسة الحالية تقييم الاتجاهات الزمانية والمكانية لمؤشرات تطرفات درجات الحرارة العظمى والصغرى اليومية في العراق للمدة (1985 – 2020 ) باستخدام عشر مؤشرات لقياس التطرف الحراري بالاعتماد على بيانات المركز الأوروبي لتنبؤات الطقس متوسطة المدى (ECMWF) لاثنتي عشرة نقطة شبكية تمثل محطات العراق، واستخدام اختبار (Rho) ومعادلة الانحدار الخطي والإحصاءات الوصفية، وكشفت نتائج الدراسة وجود اتجاه نحو الزيادة في مؤشرات (TXx ، TXn ، TNx ، TNn) وبلغ اعلى مقدار للزيادة في مؤشر (TXn) بمقدار (0.49) ) °م للعقد ذات دلالة إحصائية على المستوى السنوي وكانت المناطق الشمالية هي الأكثر تغير في المؤشرات المذكورة ، بينما سجلت مؤشرات الأيام والليالي الباردة (TX10p ، TN10p) اتجاهاً متناقصاً وبلغ اعلى مقدار للتناقص في مؤشر الأيام الباردة بمقدار (-2.6) % للعقد ، في حين شهدت مؤشرات الأيام والليالي الحارة (TX90p ، TN90p) اتجاها متزايدا ذات دلالة إحصائية عالية وبلغ اعلى مقدار للتزايد في مؤشر الأيام الحارة بمقدار (2.9) % للعقد ، اما مؤشر الأيام الصيفية (SU) الليالي المدارية (TR) سجلت ايضاً اتجاها واضحاً نحو الزيادة وبلغ اعلى مقدار للتزايد في الأيام الصفية بواقع (4.3 ) يوم للعقد الواحد ذات دلالة احصائية، وتوكد نتائجنا الحالية زيادة التطرفات المناخية بسبب ظاهرة الاحترار العالمي ، وبهذا تظهر أهمية نتائج الدراسة للتحديات المستقبلية التي تواجه العراق في العقود القادمة لا سيما على الموارد المائية الامن الغذائي صحة الانسان استهلاك الطاقة الامر الذي يتطلب وضع سياسات مناسبة للتكيف مع التغيرات المناخية واثارها المستقبلية.
العوامل المؤثرة على مشاركة المرأة في اتخاذ القرارات الاسرية في مدينة الكوت (دراسة في جغرافية السكان)
Authors: أمل عطيوي عباس م.د. 
Published: October 2021

تهدف الدراسة التعرف على أثر العوامل الديموغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية على مشاركة المرأة في القرارات الاسرية في مدينة الكوت ومنها التركيب العمري للزوج والزوجة والعمر عند الزواج والتحصيل الدراسي للزوجين ومهنة المرأة وحجم الأسرة وغيرها من العوامل الأخرى, وركزت الدراسة على القرارات المتعلقة بتعليم المرأة وتعليم ابنائها وقرارات بشأن عمل المرأة وتنظيم ميزانية الأسرة وقرارات اخرى تخص الصحة الانجابية للمرأة. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي والاسلوب الكمي وتم الاعتماد عدد من الاساليب الاحصائية مثل مربع كاي ومعامل ارتباط سبيرمان للكشف عن الارتباط بين بعض خصائص المرأة وقدرتها على اتخاذ القرارات الأسرية .
الكلمات المفتاحية :-
اثر-العوامل الديموغرافية-العوامل الاقتصادية- العوامل الاجتماعية-القرارات الاسرية.

The Effect of Demographic, Economic and Social Factors on Women's Participation in in Famil Decision – making in Kut: A Study in the Geography of Population
Lecturer: Amel Otaiwi Abbas (PhD)
General Directorate of Education / Wasit / IRAQ
E-Mail: amjameel66@gmail.com
Abstract
تهدف الدراسة التعرف على أثر العوامل الديموغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية على مشاركة المرأة في القرارات الاسرية في مدينة الكوت ومنها التركيب العمري للزوج والزوجة والعمر عند الزواج والتحصيل الدراسي للزوجين ومهنة المرأة وحجم الأسرة وغيرها من العوامل الأخرى, وركزت الدراسة على القرارات المتعلقة بتعليم المرأة وتعليم ابنائها وقرارات بشأن عمل المرأة وتنظيم ميزانية الأسرة وقرارات اخرى تخص الصحة الانجابية للمرأة. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي والاسلوب الكمي وتم الاعتماد عدد من الاساليب الاحصائية مثل مربع كاي ومعامل ارتباط سبيرمان للكشف عن الارتباط بين بعض خصائص المرأة وقدرتها على اتخاذ القرارات الأسرية .
الكلمات المفتاحية :-
اثر-العوامل الديموغرافية-العوامل الاقتصادية- العوامل الاجتماعية-القرارات الاسرية.

Abstract
The present study seeks to investigate the effect of demographic, economic and social factors on the women's participation in family decision-making in the city of Kut, including the age group of both the husband and wife, age at the time of marriage, education of the spouses, women's profession, size of family, etc. The study has focused attention on those decisions related to women's education and educating their sons as well as decisions relevant to the work of women, regulating family budget and other related decisions with reproductive health of women.
It is worthy to mention that the present study has adopted the descriptive and analytic approach, together with the qualitative method. Additionally, a number of statistical methods has been utilized, like: Qi-Square, Pearson Correlation Coefficient to reveal the association between some characteristics of women and their ability to make family
It is worthy to mention that the present study has adopted the descriptive and analytic approach, together with the qualitative method. Additionally, a number of statistical methods has been utilized, like: Qi-Square, Pearson Correlation Coefficient to reveal the association between some characteristics of women and their ability to make family
Shaping the Landscape of Eukaryotic Gene Expression: Horizontal Gene Transfer
Authors: Dhar Ruby , Kumar Arun , Karmakar Subhradip 
Published: October 2021

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in prokaryotes refers to the movement of genes and genetic information between two organisms. This usually results in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. Vertical gene transfer(VGT), on the other hand, refers to the flow of genetic information from parents to offsprings. Until recently, HGT was an exclusive prerogative of the prokaryotes. These are obvious due to the distinct nuclear membrane enclosure of eukaryote genomes that are shielded from outside interferences. VGT can cross species barriers and may even allow the transmission of genes across the kingdoms of life. HGT is now an emerging idea in eukaryotic genomes, challenging previous assertions that HGT is restricted to prokaryotes. It is now accepted that HGT can profoundly influence host metabolic pathways and alter gene expressions even in eukaryotes. HGT, is also fundamentally important during development, origin of human diseases, such as cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. It may also influence therapeutic outcome by promoting resistant phenotypes. HGT is recently documented in prokaryote to eukaryote HGT is the tardigrade case though an analysis of a draft tardigrade genome suggested that HGT contributed to up to ~17 % of the gene. Further analysis performed after whole genome pair-wise alignments between human genome as well as 53 vertebrate genomes, it was observed that nearly 1500 human genome regions involving 642 known genes, most of which are enriched with ion binding to be conserved with non-mammals than with most mammals. This indicated horizontal gene transfer is more common than we expected in the human genome.
It’s a matter of time or maybe a tip of iceberg to know the full extent and implications of HGT. Surprisingly its seems that the eukaryotic genome has many more ways to update itself to vastly expand its repertoire of expression and usability. HGT is just another feather in the crown.
On the Problem of Ethno-National Education of Artschool
Authors: Kamaeva Marina Petrovna 
Published: October 2021

Summary. The article is devoted to the study of the relevant issue in today’s world – the study of theoretical premises of modern concepts of ethno-national education. It examines the problems of educating the culture of interethnic relations in the youth environment. The relevance of the study is due to the need for the formation of attitudes towards interethnic tolerance among students, which determines the goal of the educational activities of each educational institution. The purpose of the article is to consider the theoretical foundations of ethno-national education and the possibilities of their practical application in educational work with students of a higher educational institution. The work was carried out at the empirical level of the structure of sociological knowledge. Methods of observation, questioning, interviewing and generalization of pedagogical experience allowed the author to determine the direction of work in the field of ethnic education of students. Based on the research carried out, the author draws conclusions about the quality of work in the field of ethno-national education of students at the university and offers recommendations for its improvement. The study showed predominantly supra-ethnic self-awareness of young people. Another unusual result of the study is a small percentage of students who speak their native (non-Russian) language – only 20 percent of the respondents. It is proposed that the parameters set require the pursuance of bigger researches on a nationwide scale.