bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur hüftgelenknahen Femurfraktur des erwachsenen Menschen – Zeitgemäßes klinisches Management auf der Basis internationaler Standards
Authors: Kralewski Christian , Gaertner Thomas , Giehl Johannes , Gleisberg Cornelia , Smektala Rüdiger , Korbmacher Jan Goldmund 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die häufig multimorbiden, geriatrisch-unfallchirurgischen Patienten mit hüftgelenknaher Femurfraktur bedürfen als Notfallpatienten einer möglichst frühzeitigen operativen und interdisziplinären Behandlung, um Komplikationen (Morbidität, „morbidity“) und die Sterblichkeit (Mortalität, „mortality“) zu reduzieren. Die präoperative Verweildauer ist ein sensibler und multifaktorieller Qualitätsindikator (QI) des Behandlungsgeschehens. Aufgrund von fortbestehenden Auffälligkeiten dieses QI in der externen stationären Qualitätssicherung (esQS) in Deutschland wurde vom Institut für Qualitätssicherung und Transparenz im Gesundheitswesen (IQTIG) und vom Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss (G-BA) weiterhin „besonderer Handlungsbedarf“ für diesen Indikator konstatiert (IQTIG Qualitätsreport 2019).
Ziel der Arbeit Identifizierung von methodisch besonders belastbaren Empfehlungen zu strukturellen und prozessualen Standards zur Sicherstellung einer angemessenen klinischen Versorgung.
Methoden Systematische internationale webbasierte Recherche und Analyse relevanter Leitlinien nach der Domäne 3 des AGREE-II-Instruments; Extraktion einzelner methodisch gesicherter Empfehlungen; Ergänzung der Leitlinienanalyse um eine Beurteilung von Regelwerken mit Struktur und Prozessanforderungen bzw. Kriterien für Qualitäts- und Versorgungsstandards.
Ergebnisse Von insgesamt 66 identifizierten, kontextrelevanten Leitlinien wurden 15 mit „methodisch hochwertig“ bewertet. Besonders belastbare Empfehlungen aus diesen 15 Leitlinien ergaben sich unter anderem zu den Handlungsfeldern Operationstechnik, Orthogeriatrie, Antibiotikaprophylaxe, Dekubitus- und Thromboembolieprophylaxe, Operationszeitpunkt, Anästhesie, Physiotherapie, postoperatives Management und Delir. Aus 9 weiteren Regelwerken ließen sich spezielle strukturelle und prozessuale Vorgaben extrahieren.
Schlussfolgerung Frühzeitige Operation und angemessene Versorgung sind durch ein konsequent multifaktoriell abgestimmtes, verbindliches Vorgehen in adäquat strukturell und prozessual ausgerichteten, interdisziplinär arbeitenden Einrichtungen zu gewährleisten.
Tadalafil Reversed H-89 – and Scopolamine – Induced Spatial Learning Impairments in Male Rats
Authors: Tabrizian Kaveh , Amelinia Fatemeh , Belaran Maryam , Pourheidar Soheil , Mirzaei Hadi , Fanoudi Sahar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccumulated evidence shows that the cAMP and cGMP signaling pathway plays an important role in memory function and neuronal plasticity. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is a hopeful therapeutic target in AD (Alzheimer disease), and PDE5 inhibition may be a good therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. In the present study, the four-day bilateral intra-hippocampal infusion of H-89 as a protein kinase AII inhibitor (10 µM/side) and intra-peritoneal injections of tadalafil (20 mg/kg) and scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg) alone and also on combination on spatial learning in Morris water maze (MWM) were investigated. DMSO and saline were used as controls for H-89 and other mentioned drugs, respectively. Rats were trained for 4 days; each day included one block of four trials. Post- training probe trial tests were performed on day 5. Administration of H-89 and scopolamine led to a significant impairment in spatial learning compared to their related controls. But, combination of tadalafil/H-89 or tadalafil/scopolamine reversed H-89 or scopolamine- induced spatial learning deficits in MWM. Taken together, these results showed the probable regulatory effects of cGMP on cholinergic and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways in co-administrations of these mentioned drugs on spatial learning in MWM.
Simultaneous Quantification of Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids in Glechoma hederacea and Glechoma hirsuta by UPLC/MS/MS
Authors: Grabowska Karolina , Żmudzki Paweł , Wróbel-Biedrawa Dagmara , Podolak Irma 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe content of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid was determined in different plant parts of two Glechoma species, G. hederacea and G. hirsuta. To achieve optimal extraction conditions of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid from plant material, several methods including maceration, heat reflux, Soxhlet, and ultrasonic extraction, as well as various solvents (methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate), were investigated and compared.For the simultaneous quantification of pentacyclic triterpenes in extracts from Glechoma sp., an UPLC-MS/MS was developed and validated. The method exhibited good linearity, precision, and recovery, and it also was simple, specific, and fast. We developed the method for future application in the quality control of plant materials and botanical extracts containing ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. With regard to the triterpene constituents, both G. hederacea and G. hirsuta can be used equally, and the aboveground parts of both species, but the leaves especially, are abundant sources of ursolic acid (7.1 – 7.5 mg/g dry weight [DW]). Dichloromethane as an extractant provided the best extraction efficiency as well as selectivity to obtain Glechoma extracts rich in triterpenes as compared to methanol and ethyl acetate, regardless of the particular extraction technique. Dry dichloromethane extracts from aerial parts of Glechoma sp. obtained by
the heat reflux method resulted in products with a high content of UA (17 – 25% w/w) are considered to be convenient and rich sources of this compound.
Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation versus Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Apnea of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sabsabi Bayane , Harrison Ava , Banfield Laura , Mukerji Amit 
Published: January 2021

Objective The study aimed to systematically review and analyze the impact of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on apnea of prematurity (AOP) in preterm neonates.
Study Design In this systematic review and meta-analysis, experimental studies enrolling preterm infants comparing NIPPV (synchronized, nonsynchronized, and bi-level) and CPAP (all types) were searched in multiple databases and screened for the assessment of AOP. Primary outcome was AOP frequency per hour (as defined by authors of included studies).
Results Out of 4,980 articles identified, 18 studies were included with eight studies contributing to the primary outcome. All studies had a high risk of bias, with significant heterogeneity in definition and measurement of AOP. There was no difference in AOPs per hour between NIPPV versus CPAP (weighted mean difference = −0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.76 to 0.37; eight studies, 456 patients). However, in a post hoc analysis evaluating the presence of any AOP (over varying time periods), the pooled odds ratio (OR) was lower with NIPPV (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.32–0.67; 10 studies, 872 patients).
Conclusion NIPPV was not associated with decrease in AOP frequency, although demonstrated lower odds of developing any AOP. However, definite recommendations cannot be made based on the quality of the published evidence.
Key Points
2.5 Radical–Polar Crossover Reactions
Authors: Chemla F. , Pérez-Luna A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRadical–polar crossover reactions, that is, single-electron redox events allowing for the interconversion between radical and ionic intermediates, make it possible to connect radical and polar processes in the same synthetic transformation. Such a combination is the basis of much original synthetic methodology, which is particularly useful in the context of domino, tandem, or multicomponent reactions. This chapter comprehensively covers the field of radical–polar crossover reactions, with a primary emphasis on transformations wherein both the radical and polar processes provide synthetic elaboration.
2.7 Radical Cascade Reactions
Authors: Liu Z.-Q. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter briefly summarizes the concept of radical cascade reactions (RCR). The chapter is divided into two main parts, describing intramolecular and intermolecular radical cascade reactions, which are further classified based on the six types of relay manner (intramolecular RCR) and six commonly used relay molecules (intermolecular RCR), respectively. This simple classification allows readers to understand this area easily and quickly. Features of radical cascade reactions include step-economy and waste minimization, which endow these radical cascades with a bright future.
2.13 Recent Developments in Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization
Authors: Yamago S. , Lu Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent developments in reversible deactivation radical polymerization, which is also called controlled or living radical polymerization, are summarized in this chapter. In particular, this chapter focuses on (1) broadening the range of applicable monomers from conjugated monomers to unconjugated monomers, (2) the expansion of the polymer structure from linear polymers to highly branched polymers, and (3) the use of light, in particular low-intensity and inexpensive visible light, to enable a higher degree of polymerization control under environmentally benign polymerization conditions.
Assessing the fidelity of consecutive interpreting
Authors: Han Chao , Xiao Rui , Su Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The study reported on in this article pertains to rater-mediated assessment of English-to-Chinese consecutive interpreting, particularly informational correspondence between an originally intended message and an actually rendered message, also known as “fidelity” in Interpreting Studies. Previous literature has documented two main methods to assess fidelity: comparing actual renditions with the source text or with an exemplar rendition carefully prepared by experts (i.e., an ideal target text). However, little is known about the potential effects of these methods on fidelity assessment. We therefore conducted the study to explore the way in which these methods would affect rater reliability, fidelity ratings and rater perception. Our analysis of quantitative data shows that the raters tended to be less reliable, less self-consistent, less lenient and less comfortable when using the source English text (i.e., Condition A) than when using the target Chinese text (i.e., Condition B: the exemplar rendition). These findings were backed up and explained by emerging themes derived from the qualitative questionnaire data. The fidelity estimates in the two conditions were also found to be strongly correlated. We discuss these findings and entertain the possibility of recruiting untrained monolinguals or bilinguals to assess fidelity of interpreting.
MESING – a new method of organizing the joint work of neural networks and its metrology
Authors: Mirakhmedov Roman , Potapova Zinaida , Protasov Vladislav 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A description of a new method for the collective solution of local problems – the method of evolutionary coordination of solutions based on the original use of genetic algorithms – is given. Interaction rules, developed on their basis, coordinate the work of intelligent agents (actors). Based on the Rasch model, an absolute scale for measuring the intellectual power of actors and the costs of intellectual labor when solving local problems with a given probability of their correct solution is introduced. The unit of measurement for these values is introduced and justified – 1 INT. A number of theorems are presented that make it possible to substantiate a new procedure for obtaining a collective solution (mesing) both to increase the intellectual power of a committee of neural networks by 150 times in comparison with a single neural network as part of a committee, and to reduce the probability of an erroneous decision to zero under certain conditions. As a result of the committee’s work, either the correct decision is formed, or the answer “no solution has been found” with a low probability of an erroneous decision.
Main nonconformities revealed during the assessment of compliance of testing laboratories with the accreditation criteria
Authors: Vinogradova A A , Leontyuk S M , Silivanov M O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The process of accreditation in national accreditation system is carried out in order to ensure confidence in the results of conformity assessment and create conditions for mutual recognition of the results of conformity assessment by the states - trading partners of the Russian Federation. Federal Service for Accreditation of the Russian Federation is a federal executive body performing the functions of the national body of the Russian Federation for accreditation. It makes a decision on accreditation or on denial of accreditation on the basis of the applicant’s compliance with the accreditation criteria. The assessment of the applicant’s compliance with the accreditation criteria is carried out in the form of a documentary and off-site conformity assessment conducted at the place (or places) of applicant’s activities. The assessment of the applicant’s compliance with the accreditation criteria is based on the principles of legality, protection of the rights of a legal entity or individual entrepreneur, independence, fairness and competence of experts, objectivity, comprehensiveness and completeness of assessment, responsibility of accreditation experts and technical experts for the conduct and quality of assessment. The Appeals Commission is included in the list of participants in national accreditation system. The consideration of complaints against decisions, actions (inaction) of Federal Service for Accreditation of the Russian Federation and its officials in connection with the refusal of accreditation, suspension and termination of accreditation, reduction of the scope of accreditation upon applications from applicants, accredited persons or federal executive bodies fall within the powers of the Appeals Commission. In the period from 2016 to 2019 there has been a uniformity in the practice of the Appeals Commission under Federal Accreditation Service (hereinafter referred as the Commission), therefore it is advisable to consider the most common reasons for the solution and denial of complaints.
Estimation of the effect of the blackness coefficient on the error in determining the emissivity of materials
Authors: Vikhareva N A , Simonova G V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article considers the influence of the blackness coefficient on the emissivity of various materials. Determining the precise values of the thermal conductivity and heat exchange is of crucial importance to solve problems of power supply and to ensure optimal temperature conditions of premises since the choice of materials for the manufacture of various buildings, structures and their structural elements depends on the heat exchange. The emissivity of materials, in particular, the values of the blackness coefficients in the calculation of radiation heat exchange plays a significant role in the formation of the thermal balance. The contribution to the total heat exchange from radiation processes can be significant and vary significantly for different temperature conditions. This study demonstrates that the error in estimating the radiative heat flux depends on the type of spectral characteristic of its emissivity, and the use of the integral blackness coefficient can significantly increase the error in determining the heat flow from the surface of objects, including construction materials.
Bearing Defect Recognition Based on Optimal Impulse Response Wavelet Denoising Technique
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Bo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A rolling bearing defect detection and recognition technique based on optimal impulse response continuous wavelet transform (IRCWT) de-noising technique is proposed. In the proposed technique, the IRCWT is used as a tool for local time and frequency characteristics analysis, and the spectral kurtosis (SK) is used as the impulse index to extract transient pulse components from the processed rolling defect vibration data. Firstly, the IRCWT is used to process the sampling vibration data. And then SK is calculated to choose the best signal band-pass band from the time frequency analysis of vibration data, in order to restrain the interference noise and highlight the transient shock feature. Finally, the envelope spectrum is computed and the rolling bearing defect feature is extracted. The rolling element bearing defect recognition results show that the proposed approach can effectively detect the transient characteristics and distinguish the rolling element bearing localized defect.
Hybrid beamforming in Multiuser mmWave Massive MIMO System
Authors: Lu Zhouzheng , Guo Yufan , Yang Wenxuan , Liu Yang , Luan Qitong , Mei Yuanzong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Conventional MIMO systems typically use full digital processing for optimal performance while it requires an independent radio frequency (RF) chain for each antenna, which is not feasible for large-scale antenna arrays due to the high cost, high-power consumption and high complexity of RF chain components in high frequencies. Fortunately, in recent years, the Hybrid beamforming has been proposed as an efficient and auspicious technique for the practical implementation of millimeter-Wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. In this paper we propose a novel HBF (Hybrid beamforming) algorithm and simulate the sum rate of the proposed approach, then compare it with other algorithms in the sum rates. Specifically, the HBF algorithm as well as the maximizing minimum phase difference algorithm are based on the MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error). For the full-digital beamforming and the beam steering, the ZF (zero forcing) criterion is employed. Simulations demonstrate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is similar to the full digital algorithm, and its robustness is confirmed by comparisons with other existing algorithms under the same channel model.
Research on Signal Processing Method of X-band Multifunctional Phased Array Radar
Authors: Tai Yingjie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The signal processing algorithm is an important component of the three major technical fields of radar, and it occupies an important position in the radar system. It is the basis for phased array radar to achieve multi-function. The rapid development of modern signal processing technology has greatly promoted the development and application of radar technology. Modern radar simulation systems can simulate and optimize signal processing algorithms, and quickly adjust system parameters; because it adopts modularization and systematically encapsulated, it can be used repeatedly in different environments or platforms. The continuous development of modern signal processing technology has improved the performance of the radar system, especially in improving the radar's target detection capability and anti-jamming performance. Because signal processing occupies a very important position in radar systems, this paper studies the signal processing in radar systems. This paper analyzes the signal processing process of the multifunctional phased array radar, and conducts corresponding analysis and research on the key technologies.
Detection of pulse signal in chaotic noise background using extreme learning machine
Authors: Su Liyun , Li Xuemeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is still a challenge to detect the useful signals under chaotic noise background with effective methods. Difficults such as suppression of useful signals, large computation and low sensitivity commonly exist the new method based on the nonlinear characteristics of signals, such as neural network method, and traditional methods. On the contrast, The extreme learning machine has advantages of strong nonlinear approximation, simple structure, high precision, fast learning and training speed, etc. On this basis, this paper proposes a method of utilizing extreme learning machine based on least square to get the output weight, in order to train the model to detect the weak pulse signal.
Design of an Automatic Test System for Power Amplifier Modules
Authors: Xin-cheng Huang , Hong Tian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article introduces the design of a power automatic correction system for radar transmitter power amplifier modules. The system is mainly composed of a control computer, a test bench, a fault detection unit, general instruments and apparatus, and a GPIB interface card[1-2]. The article describes the working principle, test process, and test method of this system in detail. The actual test shows that the system can effectively improve the power calibration accuracy and significantly improve the debugging efficiency.
AHyTE: An Adaptive Hyperplane-based Method for Time-aware Knowledge Graph Embedding
Authors: Yang Dawei , Zhou Gang , Lu Jicang , Ning Yuanlong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKnowledge graph (KG) embedding can learn the representations of entities and relations from a KG in low-dimensional continuous vector space, which is the foundation of knowledge acquisition and reasoning. Time-aware KG embedding is a hot research branch of KG embedding, which introduces time information while considering the knowledge expression ability to make knowledge dynamic. Among them, t-TransE model is the most classic. However, t-TransE has the following two flaws: one is that it only regards time information as a constraint and the embedding learned by this way is not explicitly temporally aware; the other is that it uses traditional Euclidean distance as a metric, and all feature dimensions are treated identically, hence, the model may not accurately reflect the priority of features. Currently, there has not been a single method resolves the flaws simultaneously, so we propose an adaptive hyperplane-based time-aware knowledge graph embedding model, namely, AHyTE. AHyTE associates each time stamp with the corresponding hyperplane, and introduces a diagonal weight matrix to assign weights to each feature dimension. Through link prediction experiments on the time data set extracted from the real world, we demonstrate the remarkable improvement of AHyTE.
Health Management Quality Assessment Of Complex Communication System
Authors: Li Chao , Xu Xiaotao , Yu Liangqin , Li Sihao , Cao Dong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to verify the quality of health management of communication system and determine the application of health management in the field of communication system, the quality evaluation method is used to verify the operation effect. According to the analysis of the main functions and components of complex communication system health management, the evaluation index system is constructed, and the steps of quantitative evaluation of the evaluation index system by grey analytic hierarchy process are elaborated in detail. Combined with an example, the feasibility and rationality of the model algorithm are verified. The example proves that the evaluation results of health management quality of complex communication system based on grey analytic hierarchy process are accurate and feasible, which can provide direction and basis for the development of health management in communication field.