bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting awareness of donation‐related iron depletion among high risk blood donors
Authors: France Janis L. , France Christopher R. , Rebosa Mark , Shaz Beth H. , Kessler Debra A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe potential for iron deficiency is a known blood donor health concern and suggests the need to inform donors about the potential risks of low iron levels as well as strategies to address these risks.Study design and methodsFrequent (n = 904) and young (n = 629) donors were randomly assigned within risk group to either a control (n = 548) or an intervention (n = 985) group. The control group answered questions at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up regarding their awareness of the risk of donation‐related iron depletion and whether they were taking actions to address their iron status. The intervention group answered the same questions at baseline and follow‐up, but after completing the baseline survey, they received information regarding their risk of iron depletion and behaviors they could adopt to mitigate this risk. Intervention group participants were also offered the opportunity to develop an action plan to help them supplement their iron intake.ResultsThe intervention enhanced overall awareness of donation‐related iron loss (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.171–1.864, p = .001), with no negative impact on retention. Reported iron health behaviors (iron supplementation, speaking with a doctor) showed significant increases when action planning was paired with the educational information.ConclusionThese findings suggest that it is possible to increase awareness of donation‐related risk for iron depletion without negatively influencing retention, and combining education with encouragement to develop an action plan may increase the likelihood of both retention and behavioral changes to promote healthy iron levels.
Electromyographic and Systemic Physiological Thresholds in Single-Joint Elbow Flexion Movements
Authors: Tilp Markus , Kitzberger Lukas , Schappacher-Tilp Gudrun , Birnbaumer Philipp , Hofmann Peter 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Reported relationships between electromyographic (EMG) thresholds and systemic thresholds based on lactate, ventilation, or heart rate are contradictory. This might be related to the complexity of the investigated whole-body movements involving many muscles with different activation patterns. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate these relationships during an incremental single-joint exercise. Methods: Eighteen male subjects (29.7 [4.4] y) performed single-arm elbow flexions on a biceps curl machine with loads increasing every minute until exhaustion. EMG signals of the main elbow flexors (short and long head of the biceps brachii, flexor carpi radialis, and brachioradialis) as well as gas exchange variables, blood lactate concentration, and heart rate were measured, and 2 turn points based on a 3-phase model of metabolism were determined for each variable. Results: The first and second turn points for EMG were determined at 32.0% to 33.1% and 64.4% to 66.5% of maximal achieved performance (maximum weight), respectively. Systemic turn points were determined at 33.3% to 34.4% and 65.9% to 66.7% of maximum weight and were not significantly different from EMG turn points. Furthermore, systemic and EMG turn points showed a strong or very strong relationship at the first (ρ = .54–.93, P < .05) and second turn point (ρ = .76–.93, P < .01). Conclusions: A close relationship between EMG and systemic turn points could be confirmed for the applied movement of a small muscle group. The determination of local single muscle thresholds using EMG provides additional muscle-specific information about performance-limiting properties of muscles involved in endurance-type incremental exercise.
The Implementation of a National Strategy to Encourage Injury Prevention Program Uptake in a Community Female Sport in Ireland: A Camogie Case Study
Authors: O’Connor Siobhán , O’Brien Wesley , Lacey Peter 
Published: October 2021

Community sports play an important role in maintaining sporting participation across all ages, from childhood to adulthood. Maintaining participation for females, however, can be a challenge. Injuries can negatively impact sporting participation, both in the short and long term. Thus, reducing the risk of injuries in community sports is essential. While there are developed injury prevention programs available, the uptake of such programs in community sports can be limited. Here, we outline how a female community sport in Ireland, namely, the Camogie Association, has developed and implemented an evidence-based strategy to improve the uptake of an injury prevention program nationally across all ages of their membership. We use the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) sports setting matrix as a guiding tool for evaluating this strategy. Varying settings and levels were targeted in this six-step implementation sequence, including the national sporting organisation, regional sporting organisations, alongside the individual coaches and players. The main outcomes of the strategy were that the Camogie Association formally adopted the developed injury prevention program (the Camogie Injury Prevention Program) and the adapted age appropriate programs from 8 years of age and upward. The Camogie Association also embedded this program within their coaching training course. The developed education workshop successfully improved coaches’ attitudes and perceived ability to implement the Camogie Injury Prevention Program. The majority (72.5%) of coaches, 4 weeks after conducting the workshop, had implemented the program, and 95% felt the program could be maintained over multiple seasons. This program may provide guidance to similar national or regional sporting bodies that want to embed injury prevention programs within their respective governing body and maximise the implementation of an injury prevention program by their coaches and players.
Extending the Proteomic Characterization of Candida albicans Exposed to Stress and Apoptotic Inducers through Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Amador-García Ahinara , Zapico Inés , Borrajo Ana , Malmström Johan , Monteoliva Lucía , Gil Concha 
Published: October 2021

Fungal infections are a worldwide health problem, especially in immunocompromised patients and patients with chronic disorders. Invasive candidiasis, caused mainly by
C. albicans
, is among the most common fungal diseases.
On the Composition and Age of Taphofloras of the Krivorechenskaya Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of the Anadyr River Left Bank, Northeast Asia
Authors: Herman A. B. , Shczepetov S. V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chineiveem taphoflora from the Krivorechenskaya Formation of the Anadyr River left bank (Northeast Asia) is characterized by a relatively low diversity of plants represented by ginkgoaleans, conifers, and angiosperms. Judging by their systematic composition, this taphoflora is younger than the Grebenka flora from the Krivorechenskaya Formation of the Anadyr River basin. Its closest analog is the Penzhina flora of Northwestern Kamchatka and the Yelistratov Peninsula, the age of which is reliably defined as Turonian, excluding the beginning of the Turonian. Therefore, the age of the Chineiveem floristic assemblage is also Turonian, most probably late Turonian. Such dating of this taphoflora is in agreement with the late Turonian or Coniacian age of marine mollusks from the overlying Dugovskaya Formation layers of the Chineiveem River and with a conformable stratigraphic contact of these layers with the plant-bearing beds. A tectonic contact between these deposits is not supported by our paleobotanical data. The observed succession of taphofloras from the Krivorechenskaya Formation in the Ubiyenka–Chineiveem interfluve suggests that the upper age limit of the Grebenka flora is the beginning of the Turonian.
Sustainability of a school-based health intervention for prevention of non-communicable diseases in marginalised communities: protocol for a mixed-methods cohort study
Authors: Arnaiz Patricia , Adams Larissa , Müller Ivan , Gerber Markus , Walter Cheryl , du Randt Rosa , Steinmann Peter , Bergman Manfred Max , Seelig Harald , van Greunen Darelle , Utzinger Jürg , Pühse Uwe 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe prevalence of chronic, lifestyle-related diseases is increasing among adults and children from low-income and middle-income countries. Despite the effectiveness of community-based interventions to address this situation, the benefits thereof may disappear in the long term, due to a lack of maintenance, especially among disadvantaged and high-risk populations. TheKaziBanturandomised controlled trial conducted in 2019 consisted of two school-based health interventions,KaziKidzandKaziHealth. This study will evaluate the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of these interventions in promoting positive lifestyle changes among children and educators in disadvantaged schools in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisThis study has an observational, longitudinal, mixed-methods design. It will follow up educators and children from theKaziBantustudy. All 160 educators enrolled inKaziHealthwill be invited to participate, while the study will focus on 361KaziKidzchildren (aged 10–16 years) identified as having an increased risk for non-communicable diseases. Data collection will take place 1.5 and 2 years postintervention and includes quantitative and qualitative methods, such as anthropometric measurements, clinical assessments, questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Analyses will encompass: prevalence of health parameters; descriptive frequencies of self-reported health behaviours and quality of life; the longitudinal association of these; extent of implementation; personal experiences with the programmes and an impact analysis based on the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance framework.DiscussionIn settings where resources are scarce, sustainable and effective prevention programmes are needed. The purpose of this protocol is to outline the design of a study to evaluateKaziKidzandKaziHealthunder real-world conditions in terms of effectiveness, being long-lasting and becoming institutionalised. We hypothesise that a mixed-methods approach will increase understanding of the interventions’ capacity to lead to sustainable favourable health outcomes amid challenging environments, thereby generating evidence for policy.Trial registration numberISRCTN15648510
Time trends, sociodemographic and health factors associated with discharge and length of stay of hospitalised patients with sickle cell disease in Ghana: a retrospective analysis of national routine health database
Authors: Narh Clement Tetteh , Der Joyce , Ofosu Anthony , Blettner Maria , Wollschlaeger Daniel 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivePatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are prone to multiple episodes resulting in frequent hospital visits. We determined the time trends, sociodemographic and health factors associated with length of stay (LoS) for patients with SCD in Ghana.Design, participants, settingWe retrospectively analysed SCD hospitalisation records of 22 680 patients from a nationwide database of the Ghana Health Service from 2012 to 2017.Outcome measuresFactors associated with LoS were estimated using Cox regression, while the cumulative incidence of being discharged alive was estimated with in-hospital death as a competing risk.ResultsPatients admitted for SCD over 6 years constituted 22 680 (0.8%) of nearly 3 million admissions. The median age and LoS for the patients were 16 years (IQR=8–24) and 3 days (IQR=2–4), representing 14 202 (62.6%) of the patients discharged alive by the third day. Patients with sickle cell anaemia (6139, 52.6%) with a crisis were more frequent than those without a crisis. Increasing age was associated with shorter LoS when comparing age groups 10–14 years (HR=1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14) and 25–29 years (HR=1.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.37) to patients aged 0–4 years. Patients with comorbidities had a longer LoS compared with those without (HR=0.88, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.90).ConclusionThis is the largest study to date documenting factors associated with LoS for patients admitted for SCD. The association of younger age with increased LoS supports recent calls for early SCD screening, especially newborns. The emerging trends and factors accounting for SCD admission require a multisector approach as these patients already experience frequent episodes of pain and hospital visits.
Disease-related knowledge measurement instruments of people affected by multiple sclerosis: protocol for a systematic psychometric review
Authors: Gonzalez-del-Rio Marina , Bertran-Noguer Carme , Ramió-Torrentà Lluís , Zabaleta-del-Olmo Edurne 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionDisease-related knowledge is a key component of shared decision making and a relevant outcome to measure the effectiveness of information provision interventions. However, no systematic psychometric reviews have been found that assess the measurement instruments aimed at evaluating the disease-related knowledge of people affected by multiple sclerosis. This review aims to systematically assess the quality of the measurement properties of all available disease-related knowledge measurement instruments of people affected by multiple sclerosis.Methods and analysisA systematic psychometric review will be carried out in accordance with the guidelines proposed by the international ‘COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN)’ initiative. Studies that meet the following criteria will be selected: (1) those whose aim is to measure disease-related knowledge, (2) those whose study populations are affected by multiple sclerosis and (3) those whose aims are to develop measurement instruments or evaluate one or more of their measurement properties. The information sources will be MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, PsycINFO and OpenGrey. The methodological quality will be assessed using the ‘COSMIN Risk of Bias’ checklist. Available evidence will be synthesised and graded using a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationAs this is a systematic review, no ethics approval is needed. Study findings will be shared with multiple sclerosis patient support groups and in reports to funders. The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at national and international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019125417.
Community engagement approaches for malaria prevention, control and elimination: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Awasthi Kiran Raj , Jancey Jonine , Clements Archie C A , Leavy Justine E 
Published: October 2021

Community engagement (CE) is important for malaria prevention, control and ultimately elimination. As the decline of malaria has plateaued over the last 5 years, strengthening CE approaches will be necessary to enhance health promotion practice and policy to drive malaria transmission down further. Countries have adopted a wide range of public health intervention approaches for malaria prevention and control that best suit their context. This review will examine the existing evidence on the various CE approaches adopted by malaria programmes across the world and their outcomes.Methodology and analysisThe review methodology will follow the updated Joanna Briggs Institute guide for scoping review, 2017, which is based on the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley and further developed by Levac Colquhoun and O’Brien. Proquest, Web of Knowledge and Medline will be searched for publications from January 2000 to 31 March 2021 while Google search engine will be used to find any grey literature. The eligibility criteria will be as follows: review will include primary studies written in the English language using appropriate study designs and methods, including quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods designs; and case, programme or project reports. Information on CE approaches designed specifically for malaria prevention, control, elimination and their outcomes will be explored. Subheadings and free text terms for ‘community engagement’ and ‘malaria’ will be used for the search. The article screening and data extraction will be examined by two reviewers after the initial search, and any disputes will be resolved by a third reviewer through discussion. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guide will be used to present the review methods and the results from the search. The scoping review results will identify and map the available evidences, sources of information and research gaps in the area of CE as one approach for malaria prevention, control and/or elimination.Ethics and disseminationThis study only aims to review secondary sources and does not require human research ethics committee approval. The findings of the scoping review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for wider dissemination.
Simplifying TREAtment and Monitoring for HIV (STREAM HIV): protocol for a randomised controlled trial of point-of-care urine tenofovir and viral load testing to improve HIV outcomes
Authors: Bardon Ashley R , Dorward Jienchi , Sookrajh Yukteshwar , Sayed Fathima , Quame-Amaglo Justice , Pillay Cheryl , Feutz Erika , Ngobese Hope , Simoni Jane M , Sharma Monisha , Cressey Tim R , Gandhi Monica , Lessells Richard , Moodley Pravi , Naicker Nivashnee , Naidoo Kogieleum , Thomas Katherine , Celum Connie , Abdool Karim Salim , Garrett Nigel , Drain Paul K 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionSubstantial improvements in viral suppression among people living with HIV (PLHIV) are needed to end the HIV epidemic, requiring extensive scale-up of low-cost HIV monitoring services. Point-of-care (POC) tests for monitoring antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and viral load (VL) may be efficient and effective tools for real-time clinical decision making. We aim to evaluate the effects of a combined intervention of POC ART adherence and VL testing compared with standard-of-care on ART adherence, viral suppression and retention at 6 and 18 months post-ART initiation among PLHIV.Methods and analysisSimplifying TREAtment and Monitoring for HIV (STREAM HIV) is a two-arm, open-label, randomised controlled superiority trial of POC urine tenofovir (POC TFV) and VL monitoring in PLHIV. We aim to enrol 540 PLHIV initiating a first-line ART regimen at a public HIV clinic in South Africa. Participants will be randomised 1:1 to the intervention or control arm. Intervention arm participants will receive monthly POC TFV testing for the first 5 months and POC VL testing at months 6 and 12. Intervention arm participants will also receive reflex POC TFV testing if viraemic and reflex HIV drug resistance testing for those with viraemia and detectable TFV. Control arm participants will receive standard-of-care, including laboratory-based VL testing at months 6 and 12. Primary outcomes include ART adherence (TFV-diphosphate concentration) at 6 months and viral suppression and retention at 18 months. Secondary outcomes include viral suppression and retention at 6 months, TFV-diphosphate concentration at 18 months, cost and cost-effectiveness of the intervention and acceptability of the intervention among PLHIV and healthcare workers.Ethics and disseminationSTREAM HIV has received ethical approval from the University of Washington Institutional Review Board (STUDY00007544), University of KwaZulu-Natal Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BREC/00000833/2019) and Division of AIDS Regulatory Support Center (38509). Findings will be disseminated at international conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04341779.
Deriving ER2 – the east riding elbow rule
Authors: Arundel David 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionWe found variability in ordering radiographs for patients with elbow injury in our Emergency Department (ED). Review of the literature at the outset of our study provided few data to guide practice. It seemed possible to use clinical data, such as elbow extension to guide decision making. Recent large scale studies have suggested full elbow extension to be a reasonable rule out for fracture, although less sensitive in children. We aim to derive a maximally sensitive decision rule for elbow x-ray in adults and children.MethodWe prospectively recruited patients attending the ED with elbow injury. Practitioners were advised to treat patients according to their usual practice, including applying their current criteria for selection for x-ray. Clinical variables were recorded, including site of tenderness and range of motion. Those not x-rayed were followed up by structured telephone interview at 1 week, and invited to return for re-evaluation if they had ongoing symptoms.Results467 patients were recruited over 2 years. 50.5% were male, and 26.3% were children (<16 years). 424 (90.8%) were x-rayed. 156 investigations (37% of radiographs performed) demonstrated an abnormality. Of those not x-rayed, 28 were followed up by telephone and had no problems, 13 could not be contacted (no return to our ED within 3 months) and one returned early and was x-rayed (no fracture).We found elbow extension to have a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI 77% to 88%) and specificity 54% (49% to 60%) for abnormal x-ray in our whole dataset (76% sensitivity in children and 88% in adults).DiscussionWe found elbow extension to be relatively insensitive as a rule out for fracture following elbow injury. We plan to use other clinical variables to derive a maximally sensitive decision rule for elbow x-ray after injury from these data.
The assessment of non-technical skills in the emergency department: Figure 1
Authors: Flowerdew Lynsey 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionAnalysis of adverse events in the Emergency Department (ED) reveals that contributory factors commonly relate to non-technical skills such as decision-making. Crisis Resource Management courses, designed to improve non-technical skills, invariably centre on the critically ill patient. While resuscitation is undeniably important, little attention has been paid to the skills necessary for routine management of the ED and the vital leadership role of registrars. Furthermore, many UK trainees receive little specific assessment or feedback on the behavioural aspects of performance.Figure 1Distribution of time spent in emergency departments by ageAimTo produce an observational tool for the assessment of registrar non-technical skills in the ED, with a particular focus on leadership.MethodsFollowing a successful feasibility study, data was gathered from a variety of sources to allow subsequent triangulation of results. A literature review was undertaken to explore the evidence linking non-technical skills to safety in the ED. Various curricula were studied to ensure the observational tool reflected these competencies. Transcripts from an interview study with ED staff were analysed to determine which skills were considered to be important for effective teamwork. A series of observations were carried out to identify skills that were both observable and sufficiently common. The final skill set was reviewed by a team of behavioural psychologists and Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians.ResultsA taxonomy for non-technical skills was developed that consisted of 12 skills, each with observable behaviours indicative of good or poor performance. These skills were organised into four categories: (1) supervision and management; (2) teamwork and cooperation; (3) decision-making and (4) situation awareness.DiscussionThis observational tool is empirically based in Emergency Medicine and explicitly describes the skills required to structure observation and feedback for trainees during everyday activities. The validity of the skills taxonomy is currently being tested and future studies are planned to assess reliability, usability and acceptability.