bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of future climate change on birch abundance and their pollen load
Authors: Rojo Jesús , Oteros Jose , Picornell Antonio , Maya‐Manzano José M. , Damialis Athanasios , Zink Katrin , Werchan Matthias , Werchan Barbora , Smith Matt , Menzel Annette , Timpf Sabine , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Bergmann Karl‐Christian , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten B. , Buters Jeroen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimate change impacts on the structure and function of ecosystems will worsen public health issues like allergic diseases. Birch trees (Betula spp.) are important sources of aeroallergens in Central and Northern Europe. Birches are vulnerable to climate change as these trees are sensitive to increased temperatures and summer droughts. This study aims to examine the effect of climate change on airborne birch pollen concentrations in Central Europe using Bavaria in Southern Germany as a case study. Pollen data from 28 monitoring stations in Bavaria were used in this study, with time series of up 30 years long. An integrative approach was used to model airborne birch pollen concentrations taking into account drivers influencing birch tree abundance and birch pollen production and projections made according to different climate change and socioeconomic scenarios. Birch tree abundance is projected to decrease in parts of Bavaria at different rates, depending on the climate scenario, particularly in current centres of the species distribution. Climate change is expected to result in initial increases in pollen load but, due to the reduction in birch trees, the amount of airborne birch pollen will decrease at lower altitudes. Conversely, higher altitude areas will experience expansions in birch tree distribution and subsequent increases in airborne birch pollen in the future. Even considering restrictions for migration rates, increases in pollen load are likely in Southwestern areas, where positive trends have already been detected during the last three decades. Integrating models for the distribution and abundance of pollen sources and the drivers that control birch pollen production allowed us to model airborne birch pollen concentrations in the future. The magnitude of changes depends on location and climate change scenario.
Differential response of soil CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions to edaphic properties and microbial attributes following afforestation in central China
Authors: Chen Qiong , Long Chunyan , Chen Jingwen , Cheng Xiaoli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLand use change specially affects greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and it can act as a sink/source of GHGs. Alterations in edaphic properties and microbial attributes induced by land use change can individually/interactively contribute to GHG emissions, but how they predictably affect soil CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions remain unclear. Here, we investigated the direct and indirect controls of edaphic properties (i.e., dissolved organic carbon [DOC], soil organic C, total nitrogen, C:N ratio, ‐N, ‐N, soil temperature [ST], soil moisture [SM], pH, and bulk density [BD]) and microbial attributes (i.e., total phospholipid fatty acids [PLFAs], 18:1ω7c, nitrifying genes [ammonia‐oxidizing archaea, ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria], and denitrifying genes [nirS, nirK, and nosZ]) over the annual soil CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from the woodland, shrubland, and abandoned land in subtropical China. Soil CO2 and N2O emissions were higher in the afforested lands (woodland and shrubland) than in the abandoned land, but the annual cumulative CH4 uptake did not significantly differ among all land use types. The CO2 emission was positively associated with microbial activities (e.g., total PLFAs), while the CH4 uptake was tightly correlated with soil environments (i.e., ST and SM) and chemical properties (i.e., DOC, C:N ratio, and ‐N concentration), but not significantly related to the methanotrophic bacteria (i.e., 18:1ω7c). Whereas, soil N2O emission was positively associated with nitrifying genes, but negatively correlated with denitrifying genes especially nosZ. Overall, our results suggested that soil CO2 and N2O emissions were directly dependent on microbial attributes, and soil CH4 uptake was more directly related to edaphic properties rather than microbial attributes. Thus, different patterns of soil CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions and associated controls following land use change provided novel insights into predicting the effects of afforestation on climate change mitigation outcomes.
Short physical performance battery score and driving a car are independent factors associated with life‐space activities in older adults with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Hashimoto Kakeru , Hirashiki Akihiro , Kawamura Koki , Sugioka Junpei , Mizuno Yumi , Tanioku Shunya , Sato Kenji , Ueda Ikue , Itoh Naoki , Nomoto Kenichiro , Kokubo Manabu , Shimizu Atsuya , Kondo Izumi 
Published: August 2021

AimDecreased use of life spaces, as reflected in decreased Life‐Space Assessment (LSA) scores, is associated with poor prognosis in older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting the extent of life‐space activities in older adults with cardiovascular disease.MethodsWe carried out a prospective observational study in 98 older adults (minimum age 65 years; mean age 79.5 ± 7.4 years) who were admitted to our hospital due to cardiovascular disease. Once their medical condition was stable, they underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography and physical evaluation, and completed questionnaires.ResultsThe LSA score was significantly associated with the ability to drive a car (driving 95.1 ± 21.1 points, not driving 60.4 ± 30.3 points, P < 0.001). In addition, LSA was significantly correlated with age; peak VO2; brain natriuretic peptide; and Short Physical Performance Battery, Geriatric Depression Scale and Mini‐Mental State Examination scores. In a multiple regression analysis, Short Physical Performance Battery and driving a car were significantly associated with LSA (β = 0.28, β = 0.37, respectively).ConclusionAssessment of motor function and social factors in addition to clinical cardiac function might be important to understand the complete context of life‐space activity in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 900–906.
Does industrial agglomeration promote high‐quality development of the Yellow River Basin in China? Empirical test from the moderating effect of environmental regulation
Authors: Guo Siliang , Ma Heng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow to realize the ecological protection and high‐quality development (HQD) of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) has become a great challenge for China. Based on panel data from 100 prefecture‐level cities in the YRB from 2006 to 2018, this innovative paper employs the System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS‐GMM) panel model and takes environmental regulation as a situational factor to empirically examine the influence mechanism of industrial agglomeration on HQD in the YRB. Our findings reveal that: (i) overall, a “U‐shaped” relationship exists between industrial agglomeration and HQD in the YRB, and environmental regulation plays a vital role in augmenting their relationship. (ii) Presently, the industrial agglomeration degree prevails on the left side of the threshold value, and the upsurge of industrial agglomeration degree still limits HQD. (iii) From the perspective of river basins, the influence of industrial agglomeration on HQD in the upstream is not significant, and the strengthening effect of environmental regulation is not noticeable. We find a “U‐shaped” relationship between industrial agglomeration and HQD in the midstream, along with notable differences in the correlation between industrial agglomeration and different dimensions of HQD in downstream. This paper helps in further understanding the influence of industrial agglomeration, environmental regulation, and HQD, as well as establishes efficient policies to promote HQD in the YRB and other similar river basins through industrial agglomeration in the context of environmental constraints.
Headache in transgender and gender‐diverse patients: A narrative review
Authors: Hranilovich Jennifer A. , Kaiser Eric A. , Pace Anna , Barber Mark , Ziplow Jason 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the unique aspects of managing headache in gender minorities and current research in this area including the potential relationship between gender‐affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) and headache.BackgroundThe study of headache in gender minorities is intrinsically important. Gender minorities are medically underserved, and their medical care to date has been limited by socioeconomic disadvantages including stigma and an unsupportive clinical environment. Despite the rising population of transgender and gender‐diverse adults and youth, headache research has also been limited. Knowledge of hormonal effects on headache in cisgender patients raises the question of possible effects of GAHT on transgender patients.Methods/ResultsThe manuscript is a narrative review of current best practices in treating transgender patients, including the use of appropriate terminology and ways to create a supportive environment. It also contains current guidelines on GAHT and reviews drug–drug interactions and secondary headache related to hormone therapy. We also review transgender headache research and related research on hormonal effects on headache in cisgender individuals.ConclusionCreating a supportive environment for transgender and gender‐diverse patients and being knowledgeable about GAHT are key to providing quality headache care. This review identifies further research needs for this population including the epidemiology of headache disorders in sexual minorities and the potential effects of GAHT on headache disorders in transgender patients.
STOP 301: A Phase 3, open‐label study of safety, tolerability, and exploratory efficacy of INP104, Precision Olfactory Delivery (POD®) of dihydroergotamine mesylate, over 24/52 weeks in acute treatment of migraine attacks in adult patients
Authors: Smith Timothy R. , Winner Paul , Aurora Sheena K. , Jeleva Maria , Hocevar‐Trnka Jasna , Shrewsbury Stephen B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the safety, tolerability, exploratory efficacy, and patient acceptability of INP104 for the acute treatment of migraine from the Phase 3 STOP 301 trial.BackgroundDihydroergotamine (DHE) has long been used to treat migraine, but intravenous administration is invasive, frequently associated with adverse events (AEs), and not suitable for at‐home administration. INP104 is an investigational drug device that delivers DHE mesylate to the upper nasal space using a Precision Olfactory Delivery technology and was developed to overcome the shortcomings of available DHE products.MethodsSTOP 301 was an open‐label, 24‐week safety study, with a 28‐week extension period. After a 28‐day screening period where patients used their “best usual care” to treat migraine attacks, patients were given INP104 (1.45 mg) to self‐administer nasally with self‐recognized attacks. The primary objective of this study was to assess safety and tolerability, with a specific focus on nasal mucosa and olfactory function. Exploratory objectives included efficacy assessments of migraine measures and a patient acceptability questionnaire.ResultsA total of 360 patients entered the 24‐week treatment period, with 354 patients dosing at least once. INP104‐related treatment‐emergent AEs were reported by 36.7% (130/354) of patients, and 6.8% (24/354) discontinued treatment due to AEs over 24 weeks. No new safety signals were observed following delivery to the upper nasal space. Pain freedom, the most bothersome symptom freedom, and pain relief at 2 h post‐INP104 were self‐reported by 38.0% (126/332), 52.1% (173/332), and 66.3% (167/252) of patients, respectively. A low recurrence rate at 24 and 48 h was observed (7.1% [9/126] and 14.3% [18/126], respectively). Most patients found INP104 easy to use and preferred it over their current therapy.ConclusionsINP104 has the potential to deliver rapid symptom relief, without injection, that is well tolerated and suitable for outpatient use. Results suggest INP104 may be a promising treatment for patients with migraine.
A randomized study of IV prochlorperazine plus diphenhydramine versus IV hydromorphone for migraine‐associated symptoms: A post hoc analysis
Authors: Cohen Fred , Friedman Benjamin W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a randomized trial among emergency department patients with migraine to determine the relative impact on migraine‐associated symptoms of hydromorphone, an opioid, versus prochlorperazine, an antidopaminergic antiemetic.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of data from a double‐blind study registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02389829). Patients who met International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition criteria for migraine without aura or for probable migraine without aura were eligible for participation. Participants received either hydromorphone 1 mg IV or prochlorperazine 10 mg IV plus diphenhydramine 25 mg IV and could receive a second dose of the same medication 1 h later if needed. The outcomes were sustained relief of nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia.ResultsA total of 127 patients were enrolled, of whom 63 received prochlorperazine and 64 received hydromorphone. Of 49 patients in the prochlorperazine arm who reported nausea at baseline, 34 (69.4%) reported complete resolution without relapse versus 15/49 (30.6%) in the hydromorphone arm (absolute risk reduction [ARR] = 38.8%, 95% CI: 20.5%–57.0%, p < 0.001). Of 55 patients in the prochlorperazine arm who reported photophobia at baseline, 23 (41.8%) reported complete resolution without relapse versus 13/62 (20.9%) patients treated with hydromorphone (ARR = 20.8%, 95% CI: 4.3%–37.3%, p = 0.014). Of 56 patients in the prochlorperazine arm who reported phonophobia at baseline, 25 (44.6%) reported complete resolution without relapse versus 16/59 (27.1%) in the hydromorphone arm (ARR = 17.5%, 95% CI: 0.3%–34.8%, p = 0.049). For adverse events, three patients in the prochlorperazine arm reported anxiety or restlessness, and nine patients in the hydromorphone arm reported dizziness or weakness.ConclusionsProchlorperazine plus diphenhydramine is more efficacious than hydromorphone for the treatment of migraine‐associated symptoms.
Timing and durability of response to erenumab in patients with chronic migraine
Authors: Tepper Stewart J. , Lucas Sylvia , Ashina Messoud , Schwedt Todd J. , Ailani Jessica , Scanlon James , Klatt Jan , Chou Denise E. , Wang Andrea , Paiva da Silva Lima Gabriel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundErenumab is a human anti‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor monoclonal antibody approved for migraine prevention. We sought to further assess the temporal patterns of response to erenumab in patients with chronic migraine (CM), specifically the onset and sustainability of monthly migraine day (MMD) response.MethodsThis is a post hoc analysis of a 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of erenumab for migraine prevention in patients with CM (≥15 headache days/month, including ≥8 migraine days/month). Onset and sustainability were assessed according to MMD reduction from baseline, with the following response categories: responders (≥50% reduction), partial responders (≥30% and <50%), or nonresponders (<30%).ResultsAmong the erenumab 140 mg group (n = 187), 54.0% (101/187) achieved a response at any month during the study with a median time to onset of monthly response of 1 month. This improvement was maintained in most patients with continued treatment. An initial response was achieved at Month 1 by 28.3% (53/187) of patients; 69.8% (37/53) of whom maintained a response at Months 2 and 3. Although many patients responded early, some patients required longer treatment to achieve a response; 79.4% (27/34) of initial partial responders and 21.0% (21/100) of initial nonresponders subsequently achieved a response. Similar findings were observed for the erenumab 70mg group (n = 188).ConclusionA majority of erenumab‐treated patients with CM who achieved an initial response at Month 1 sustained this benefit. Many patients responded later with continued treatment. Our data support recommendations to assess outcomes after ≥3 months of preventive treatment with erenumab in CM.
Perceptions of recurrence risk and behavioural changes among first‐ever and recurrent stroke survivors: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Lin Beilei , Zhang Zhenxiang , Guo Yunfei , Wang Wenna , Mei Yongxia , Wang Shanshan , Tong Yao , Shuaib Nazia , Cheung Daphne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmong stroke survivors, the risk of stroke recurrence is high, and stroke survivors' perception of the risk of recurrence is crucial to promote healthy behaviours.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the perceptions of stroke survivors about their risk of recurrence and healthy behavioural modifications.DesignA qualitative interview study was carried out.ResultsWe interviewed 19 stroke survivors from 3 hospitals. Thematic analysis showed that the perceptions of recurrence risk and healthy behavioural changes differed between first‐ever and recurrent stroke survivors. Three themes were generated from the data of first‐ever stroke survivors: indifference to and unawareness of the risk of stroke recurrence, the need for professional information support and different awareness of the importance of different healthy behaviours. For first‐relapse stroke patients: worry but feel powerlessness towards recurrent event, accurate information is still warranted, regret of unhealthy behaviour patterns. For the survivors suffered two or more times recurrences: perceived severity of recurrences, increased psychological care need, incorrect perceptions of healthy behaviour.Discussion and ConclusionStroke survivors with or without recurrence hold different perceptions towards the risk of recurrence and behavioural changes. The need for information related to warning signs, recurrence risk and risk factors remained consistently unmet. The benefits of healthy behaviours could be a double‐edged sword for the prevention of stroke recurrence if the survivors fail to understand these accurately. It is strongly recommended that a specific recurrence risk communication tool and related health education plan be explored on the basis of the number of times patients have experienced stroke recurrence to inform secondary prevention of stroke in the future.Patient/Public ContributionThe patients were involved in the formulation of interview questions and conduct of this study. No public was involved in this study.
Prediction model for abnormal eating behaviour among hospital nurses: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Kim Oksoo , Jung Heeja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundNurses are at a high risk of developing abnormal eating behaviour. However, few studies have attempted to identify the factors that influence such behaviour.AimThis study identifies factors that can predict abnormal eating behaviour in hospital nurses.DesignThis study adopted a cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational research design.MethodsA literature review was used to establish a hypothetical model, comprising the eight factors of shift work, job stress, depression, sleep quality, fatigue, coping strategy (active coping and passive coping) and abnormal eating behaviour. A convenience sample of 298 nurses aged less than 45 was recruited from two university hospitals, and structured questionnaire was administered between March and April 2017. The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modelling.ResultsSleep quality and passive coping directly affect abnormal eating behaviour, which implies that poor sleep quality and increased passive coping worsens the behaviour. Shift work and depression indirectly affect abnormal eating behaviours.ConclusionNursing managers and health policy makers should adopt strategies such as improving the shift‐work pattern, providing adequate rest time after a night shift and enabling coping strategies by providing educational programs for hospital nurses.
Mutations in the binding site of TNFR1 PLAD reduce homologous interactions but can enhance antagonism of wild‐type TNFR1 activity
Authors: Albogami Sarah , Todd Ian , Negm Ola , Fairclough Lucy C. , Tighe Patrick J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) members contain cysteine‐rich domains (CRD) in their extracellular regions, and the membrane‐distal CRD1 forms homologous interactions in the absence of ligand. The CRD1 is therefore termed a pre‐ligand assembly domain (PLAD). The role of PLAD‐PLAD interactions in the induction of signalling as a consequence of TNF‐TNFR binding led to the development of soluble PLAD domains as antagonists of TNFR activation. In the present study, we generated recombinant wild‐type (WT) PLAD of TNFR1 and mutant forms with single alanine substitutions of amino acid residues thought to be critical for the formation of homologous dimers and/or trimers of PLAD (K19A, T31A, D49A and D52A). These mutated PLADs were compared with WT PLAD as antagonists of TNF‐induced apoptosis or the activation of inflammatory signalling pathways. Unlike WT PLAD, the mutated PLADs showed little or no homologous interactions, confirming the importance of particular amino acids as contact residues in the PLAD binding region. However, as with WT PLAD, the mutated PLADs functioned as antagonists of TNF‐induced TNFR1 activity leading to induction of cell death or NF‐κB signalling. Indeed, some of the mutant PLADs, and K19A PLAD in particular, showed enhanced antagonistic activity compared with WT PLAD. This is consistent with the reduced formation of homologous multimers by these PLAD mutants effectively increasing the concentration of PLAD available to bind and antagonize WT TNFR1 when compared to WT PLAD acting as an antagonist. This may have implications for the development of antagonistic PLADs as therapeutic agents.
Effect of nano‐hydroxyapatite incorporation on fluoride‐releasing ability, penetration, and adaptation of a pit and fissure sealant
Authors: Netalkar Pooja P. , SR Maithreye , YM Karuna , Natarajan Srikant , Gadipelly Thirupathi , Bhat P Devadas , Dasgupta Arup , Lewis Amitha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDental caries is one of the most common multifactorial oral diseases and can be prevented using pit and fissure sealants.AimTo evaluate the effect of nano‐hydroxyapatite (nanoHAP) incorporation on fluoride‐releasing ability, penetration, and adaptation of a pit and fissure sealant.DesignThis was an in vitro study with two groups: conventional sealant and nanoHAP‐incorporated sealant. Sealant penetration and adaptation were assessed using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) (15 and 10 samples per group, respectively). Fluoride release was analyzed using ion‐selective electrode (15 samples per group). The chi‐square test was used to compare penetration and adaptation between the 2 groups, and an independent Student t test was used to compare fluoride release.ResultsThe nanoHAP group showed significantly more samples with no bubbles (P = .001) and no debris (P < .001). SEM analysis showed a significantly greater percentage of adequate fissures in the test group (P = .007). The fluoride release was significantly higher in test samples with p values of .001 and .016 on day 1 and day 60, respectively.ConclusionThe incorporation of nanoHAP into the conventional pit and fissure sealant improved its penetration and adaptation properties along with fluoride release.