bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Efficiency of Greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Under Elevated Carbondioxide Condition
Authors: Aziz Tarique , Das Ranjan , Das Sangita 
Published: March 2021

The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is rising and anticipated to be doubled by the end of the current century. Agricultural crop production is one of the key sectors that might be affected by rising atmospheric CO2 through its effect on photosynthetic rates and thus productivity. It was reported that C3 plants respond to elevated CO2 by modification of morpho-physiological traits. The crop selected for the present study was Green gram (Vigna radiate L. Wilczek). Though it is an important crop, the availability of pulses has declined. So, a study of the plant responses to high atmospheric CO2 is important since it regulates productivity and quality. Moreover information about genotypic variation of crops under elevated CO2 is lacking in legumes. The general aim of the study is test whether Green gram can adapt to such a change and to explore mechanisms underlining the adaptive response.
Six genotypes of green gram used in the study were SML1827, SML832, SML1831, PM1533, Pusa M-19-31, and Pant M-5. Three different levels of CO2 concentration namely 390ppm, 600 ppm and 750ppm under open top chambers along with an ambient concentration were maintained to assess the response of growth, physiological and yield parameters. The purpose of Open Top Chamber was to study the response of plants in high CO2 environment with precise control and regulation of desired CO2, temperature and humidity.
The results obtained for this experiment showed that elevated CO2 has a positive effect on crop growth and development. Results indicated that 600ppm CO2 enhanced some growth parameters viz. leaf area, number of branches per plant, number of effective root nodules and total biomass of plant which ultimately influenced the yield. Under 750 ppm CO2, An opposite trend was recorded where yield was significantly reduced. Genotypes like Pant M-5, Pusa M-19-31 could be considered as better genotypes when grown under elevated levels of CO2 as they have better N acquisition capability because of greater nodule formation in addition to biomass accumulation. Therefore, such genotypes may be utilized as future breeding materials for adaptation to the changed climatic condition.
Biohardening of Tissue Cultured Banana Plantlets of cv. Ney Poovan for the Management of Fusarium wilt of Banana with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (VB7) Triggers Defence Gene Products and Growth Promotion
Authors: Udaya C. Y. Shalini , Nakkeeran S. , Soorianathasundaram K. 
Published: March 2021

Fusarium wilt of banana is the most devastating disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). In order to combat the early onset of Fusarium wilt disease, an experiment was carried out on biohardening of tissue cultured plantlets. Six bacterial endophytes were observed to inhibit the growth of Foc in vitro. Among the six bacterial endophytes, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (VB7) inhibited mycelial growth of Foc to an extent of 70.58% over control. Further, these bacterial endophytes were used for biohardening of the tissue cultured banana plantlets cv. Ney Poovan (AB) during primary and secondary hardening stages. Among the bacterial endophytes, B. amyloliquefaciens was found to significantly enhance plant height, leaf production, root numbers and root length compared to untreated control. Activity of defense enzymes were also enhanced and such increase in activity was observed to be to an extent of 93.67% in peroxidase, 92.39% polyphenol oxidase, 97.60% phenylalanine ammonia lyase and 26.23% in β-1, 3-glucanase defence enzymes in plants biohardened with B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) over untreated control after inoculation of Foc. Tissue cultured plants of Ney Poovan biohardened with B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7), B. paraconglomeratum (YEB PT2) and S. maltophilia (YEB RH2) were completely free from wilt incidence symptoms upto planting stage when challenged with Foc inoculum under pot culture conditions. As among these three endophytes, B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) also influenced favourable growth promotion, it can serve as a potential biocontrol agent for management of Fusarium wilt of banana.
Design, Analysis and Fabrication of High Clearance Self- Propelled Foliar Applicator
Authors: Malkani Pankaj , Rathod Sunil Kumar , Asha K. R. , Khura Tapan Kumar , Khuswaha H. L. 
Published: March 2021

In this paper Finite element method (FEM) for design and development of self- propelled foliar applicator is presented. Foliar application is a method for feeding nutrients directly to plants for enhancing nutrient use efficiency through foliar applicator. The major components of the foliar applicator were engine (3.5 kW), gearbox (4F+1R), chassis (1.2 x 0.96 m2), sub-frame assembly, spraying diaphragm pump (Model-SFWP1-055-070-31, capacity 20 lm-1 at 4.4 bar), fertilizer storage tank (225 l). The main objective of this FEM simulation analysis is to find out the stress, deformation and strain induced in chassis and sub-frame assembly of foliar applicator for given boundary condition. A Computer Aided Design of foliar applicator was developed using Creo-parametric 1 software and then analyzed in FEM mode by using Creo simulation1 software. FEM static analysis resulted in maximum von mises stress 200.750MPa and182.638MPa, maximum deformation 2.81 mm and 1.29 mm and max strain 0.001047 and 0.000636 for chassis and sub-frame assembly respectively. Maximum stresses in both didn’t exceed the respective yield points which signified designs, can be used for fabrication.
Oils Variability of Pectis elongata in the Amazon and an Overview of the Neotropical Pectis Species
Authors: Massing Lais T. , Suemitsu Chieno , Sarrazin Sandra Layse F. , Tremea Agnaldo , Maia José Guilherme S. , Mourão Rosa Helena V. 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Pectis species, belonging to Asteraceae, are aromatic and medicinal herbaceous plants, distributed in the Americas, the West Indies, and the Pacific islands, with lemon, cumin, or oregano aroma, used in infusions to treat several diseases or as spices.
Methodology: In this study, the composition of Pectis elongata from the Amazon was correlated with other Neotropical Pectis oils, including their traditional uses and biological properties. Pectis elongata oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS.
Results: Citral (39.1% of neral and 47.7% of geranial), perilla aldehyde (51.7% to 81.8%), and limonene (33.7% to 43.7%) were identified as their primary constituents of the Pectis elongata oils from the Amazon. It is assumed the existence of at least two chemotypes for the variability of the oils of P. elongata: Citral (neral plus geranial) and perilla aldehyde plus limonene. The main C10-skeletal monoterpenes found in Pectis oils can be depicted according to their biosynthetic pathways: neral and geranial arranged in an acyclic-type skeleton, and limonene, perilla aldehyde, cumin aldehyde, carvone, p-cymene, and thymol in a p-menthane-type skeleton.
Conclusion: There is a particular interest in the world's citral-rich essential oils, such as Pectis elongata oil and other similar Pectis oils, given their application in human health and food preservation.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents, and Probable Health Risks of Some Staple Vegetables in Enugu Metropolis
Authors: Madu D. Ibegbu , Anthonius A. Eze , Vivian Atuadu , Nonso C. Ejiofor , Ikechukwu E. Ezeagu 
Published: March 2021

Heavy metals naturally are non-biodegradable constituents of the earth’s crust that accumulate and persist indefinitely in the ecosystem as a result of both human and natural activities. Their contamination of vegetables remains an issue of public health interest due to the frequency, and quantity of consumption. The over exposure to these heavy metals continues to pose serious health threat globally. This study was aimed to assess the heavy metal contents of staple vegetables [Telfairia occidentalis, Amaranthus hybridus and Ocimum gratissimum] within Enugu metropolis; the leaves were screened for heavy metals [Arsenic As, Lead Pb, Cadmium Cd, Nickel Ni, Chromium Cr and Cobalt Co], by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results (Mean±SD, mgkg-1 ) showed that Amaranthus hybridus: contained [Pb-0.109±0.350, Cr -0.161±0.004]; Ocimum gratissimum: [Ni-0.179±0.028, Cd-0.033±0.006, Cr-0.176±0.036], and Telfairia occidentalis: [Pb-0.153±0.139, Co-0.198±0.148]; of which some values were slightly above WHO/FAO standards. Although, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were below referenced tolerable daily intakes (TDIs). The hazard quotients (HQs) were below 1 (HQ<1), but As and Cd, were exceptions; while the hazard index (HI) values were all above 1 (HI>1). The slightly above standard references of some of these heavy metals, and HI>1 values in this study are a concern, as potential health risks may arise amidst the population over a period of time, therefore, there is need to eliminate the likely sources of the latent contamination.
α-Klotho as A Novel Biomarkers in Chronic Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: EL-Fattah Mohy Eldin Abd , El-abaseri Taghrid B. , Mohamed Hegazy Mohamed Abd Elaziz 
Published: March 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of end- stage renal disease. Albuminuria is the foremost commonly utilized marker to anticipate onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) without sufficient affectability and specificity to identify early DN.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate plasma α-Klotho as a new biomarker for chronic diabetic nephropathy.
Methods: This cross sectional study included 125 Egyptian subjects attending the out Patients Clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine, 10Th of Ramadan city Health Insurance Hospital and divided into:-control group, patient with diabetic mellitus, patients with Diabetic nephropathy and patient with diabetic nephropathy and other complications. Patients were subjected to measurement of plasma α- Klotho, FBS, HbAIC, serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid, k, Na, serum phosphorus, Albumin: Creatinine Ratio, GFR, Chol, TG, LDL HDL, AST, ALT, T.BIL, D.BIL ALB, TP, GLB and A/G ratio.
Results: Results showed that plasma a-klotho was significantly correlated with hemoglobin A1C, potassium, GFR, Albumin, TP and GLB. Meanwhile, plasma a- klotho was negatively correlated with duration of DM, CR, Urea, UR.A, Na, phosphorus, ACR, Chol, TG, LDL, AST, ALT, T.BIL, and D.BIL. However, there were no significant correlations between plasma α -klotho and FBS, HDL and A/G
ratio. At cut-off level ≥2.6, plasma α -klotho had 95% sensitivity and 81% specificity for diagnosing diabetic nephropathy.
Conclusion: α-klotho may be the chronic diabetic nephropathy markers for predicting renal injury in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Virologic Outcomes Following Enhanced Adherence Counselling among Treatment Experienced HIV Positive Patients at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Awolude Olutosin A. , Olaniyi Oluwatobi , Moradeyo Mary , Abiolu Josephine 
Published: March 2021

Aims: To explore the impact of enhanced adherence counseling (EAC) in achieving viral suppression among our patients unsuppressed viral load in a large Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) program in South West Nigeria.
Study Design: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional review of patients’ records.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Program located in Infectious Disease Institute, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria involving review of data of patients with unsuppressed viral loads between 1st March 2017 – 30th September 2018.
Methodology: We described the viral loads (VL) outcomes of patients with VLs >1 000 copies/ml after at least 6 months on ART and a comprehensive 3 monthly EAC support programme. We calculated adherence using pharmacy refill data. Patients with one VL measurement after the EAC sessions were eligible for analysis.
Results: Out of 400 patients with VL >1 000 copies/ml reviewed during the study period, only 204(51.0%) were virally suppressed at the end of the 3 EAC sessions. Those with initial VLs between 1000-5000cp/ml had the highest adherence rate (73.0%) and VL suppression rate (68%). The youngest age group (16-30 years) had the least adherence (55.2%) and the least viral suppression (44.8%) while the oldest age groups (61-80years) were the most adherent (69.0%) and the most virally suppressed (55.2%). The proportion of patients on second line regimen were significantly more virally suppressed than those on the first line regimen (P <0.002).
Conclusion: This study showed the role EAC in accomplishing VL suppression and the need to intensify adherence counseling at commencement of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) to strengthen adherence in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and consequently preventing raised VL at the next laboratory testing of viral load. We strongly advocate for better measurement of adherence to antiretroviral therapy that will be accessible and reliable as this was a limitation of this study.
Evaluating the Frequency of Histopathological Features of Oral and Cutaneous Lichen Planus Lesions: A Retrospective- Comparative Study
Authors: Zamanzadeh Maryam , Montazer Fatemeh , Shiva Atena , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Sadeghi Taravat , Dezfouli Mohammad Koochak 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aim: Lichen planus (LP) is an immunological disease of skin and mucous membranes. Cutaneous and oral LP (CLP and OLP) have almost similar histopathological changes determined microscopically with symptoms such as basal cell layer degeneration, hyperkeratosis, band-like infiltration of lymphocytes, and saw tooth ridges. The present study aimed to determine the frequency and compare the histopathological features of OLP and CLP samples.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical, and cross-sectional research performed on 91 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (41 OLP lesions and 50 CLP lesions). The frequency of histopathological features was determined by an optical microscope, and data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and Chi-square.
Results: In this study, the frequency of LPs was higher in female subjects, compared to male participants. The frequency of histopathological features of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, spongiosis, and epithelial hypertrophy was significantly higher in CLP samples, compared to OLP lesions (P<0.005). Meanwhile, the frequency of saw tooth ridges was higher in OLP lesions, compared to CLP samples (P<0.008).
Moreover, there was a severe frequency of basal cell layer degeneration and the presence of civatte bodies (CBs) in most CLP lesions while they were moderate in most OLP samples.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, histopathological features of OLP and CLP lesions were not completely similar and had different frequencies in the two groups. It is recommended that more comprehensive studies be performed on these differences and their causes.
Evaluation of the Use of Intraoperative Subconjunctival Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Limited Peritomy during Bare Scleral Pterygium Excision
Authors: Abdelhafez Alaa M. , Saleh Samir Yehia , Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla , Omar Ahmed F. 
Published: March 2021

Aims: To evaluate the efﬁcacy and safety of subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and limited peritomy during bare scleral pterygium excision in preventing pterygium recurrence.
Study Design: A prospective non-randomized interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: All surgeries were done at the department of ophthalmology of Assiut university hospital (27 eyes) and Alforsan eye center in Assiut (3 eyes), Egypt, between November 2017 to December 2019.
Methodology: Thirty eyes of 26 patients who underwent pterygium excision with bare sclera combined with intraoperative subconjunctival TA injection and limited peritomy primary pterygium grade 2 (T2, 3 eyes) and grade 3 (T3, 30 eyes). All patients were followed up for 12 months after surgery. Pterygium recurrence and complications were the key outcome steps.
Results: Pterygium recurrence was seen in 3 eyes (10.0%) as following: grade 2 in one eye (3.3%) and grade 3 in two eyes (6.7%). Intraocular pressure elevation was observed in 9 eyes (30%). The IOP rise ranged from (22.4 to 37 mmHg). All eyes were successfully treated medically and reached normal values by the end of postoperative sixth month.
Conclusion: This procedure appears to be reasonably safe and successful in reducing pterygium recurrence.
Ferroptosis inducer erastin sensitizes NSCLC cells to celastrol through activation of the ROS–mitochondrial fission–mitophagy axis
Authors: Liu Ming , Fan Yumei , Li Danyu , Han Bihui , Meng Yanxiu , Chen Fei , Liu Tianchan , Song Zhiyuan , Han Yu , Huang Liying , Chang Yanzhong , Cao Pengxiu , Nakai Akira , Tan Ke 
Published: March 2021

Despite recent progress in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, treatment outcomes remain poor, mainly because of treatment resistance or toxicity. Erastin is a ferroptosis inducer that has shown promising cytotoxic effects in various types of cancers, including NSCLC. Celastrol is a triterpene extracted from the Tripterygium wilfordii that exhibits potential anticancer activity. However, the side effects of celastrol are severe and limit its clinical application. Combination therapy is a promising strategy to overcome the compensatory mechanisms and unwanted off‐target effects. In the present study, we found that erastin synergized with celastrol to induce cell death at nontoxic concentrations. The combined treatment with celastrol and erastin significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, and promoted mitochondrial fission. Furthermore, cotreatment with erastin and celastrol initiated ATG5/ATG7‐dependent autophagy, PINK1/Parkin‐dependent mitophagy, and the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in an HSF1‐dependent manner. HSF1 knockdown further enhanced cell death in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Our findings indicate that the combination of celastrol with erastin may represent a novel therapeutic regimen for patients with NSCLC and warrants further clinical evaluation.
Bioinspired Highly Anisotropic, Ultrastrong and Stiff, and Osteoconductive Mineralized Wood Hydrogel Composites for Bone Repair
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Fang Ju , Zhu Weiwei , Zhong Chuanxin , Ye Dongdong , Zhu Mingyu , Lu Xiong , Zhao Yusheng , Ren Fuzeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnisotropic hydrogels mimicking the biological tissues with directional functions play essential roles in damage‐tolerance, cell guidance and mass transport. However, conventional synthetic hydrogels often have an isotropic network structure, insufficient mechanical properties and lack of osteoconductivity, which greatly limit their applications for bone repair. Herein, inspired by natural bone and wood, a biomimetic strategy is presented to fabricate highly anisotropic, ultrastrong and stiff, and osteoconductive hydrogel composites via impregnation of biocompatible hydrogels into the delignified wood followed by in situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals. The well‐aligned cellulose nanofibrils endow the composites with highly anisotropic structural and mechanical properties. The strong intermolecular bonds of the aligned cellulose fibrils and hydrogel/wood interaction, and the reinforcing nanofillers of HAp enable the composites remarkable tensile strength of 67.8 MPa and elastic modulus of 670 MPa, three orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional alginate hydrogels. More importantly, the biocompatible hydrogel together with aligned HAp nanocrystals could effectively promote osteogenic differentiation in vitro and induce bone formation in vivo. The bone ingrowth into the hydrogel composite scaffold also yields good osteointegration. This study provides a low‐cost, eco‐friendly, feasible, and scalable approach for fabricating anisotropic, strong, stiff, hydrophilic, and osteoconductive hydrogel composites for bone repair.
Ultraconformable, Self‐Adhering Surface Electrodes for Measuring Electrical Signals in Plants
Authors: Meder Fabian , Saar Sirgi , Taccola Silvia , Filippeschi Carlo , Mattoli Virgilio , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe electrical signals in plant's physiological processes are of great interest in biology, biohybrid robotics, and sensors for interfacing the living organisms with an electronic readout and control. This paper reports on the application of conformable, self‐adhering surface electrodes for the measurement and bidirectional stimulation of electrical signals in plants. The inkjet‐printed poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate based electrodes are <3 µm thick, light‐weight, soft and flexible, and can be easily and non‐invasively transferred onto plant's outer organs for surface potential recordings due to their realization on tattoo transfer paper. The devices prove to be extremely versatile for analyzing electrical signals in Dionaea muscipula, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Codariocalyx motorius and for stimulating mechanical responses in D. muscipula. A benefit over traditional electrodes is the van der Waals self‐adherence of the thin electrodes, their intrinsic flexibility and adaptation also on small leaves while providing excellent readout. The same electrode allows long‐term multicycle measurements over at least 10 days and, moreover, straightforward recordings on fast‐moving organs such as snapping fly traps and endogenously oscillating leaflets. The results confirm that self‐adhering soft organic electronics are particularly suitable for plant electrical signal analysis when easy‐application, self‐adaptation, and long‐term performance are required in plant science, biohybrid robotics, and biohybrid sensors.
Angiotensin II modulates the murine hematopoietic stem cell and progenitors cocultured with stromal S17 cells
Authors: Costa Maíra M. , Stilhano Roberta S. , Oliveira Carlos R. , Barbosa Chistiano M. V. , Pereira Gustavo J. S. , Paredes‐Gamero Edgar J. , Nakaie Clovis R. , Smaili Soraya S. , Bincoletto Claudia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough the existence of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in the bone marrow is clear, the exact role of this system in hematopoiesis has not yet been fully characterized. Here the direct role of angiotensin II (AngII) in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), granulocyte/monocyte progenitors (GMPs), and megakaryocytes/erythroid progenitors (MEPs), using a system of coculture with stromal S17 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that AngII increases the percentage of HSC and GMP, while reducing CMP with no effect on MEP. According to these data, AngII increased the total number of mature Gr‐1+/Mac‐1+ cells without changes in Terr119+ cells. AngII does not induce cell death in the population of LSK cells. In these populations, treatment with AngII decreases the expression of Ki67+ protein with no changes in the Notch1 expression, suggesting a role for AngII on the quiescence of immature cells. In addition, exposure to AngII from murine bone marrow cells increased the number of CFU‐GM and BFU‐E in a clonogenic assay. In conclusion, our data showed that AngII is involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis with a special role in HSC, suggesting that AngII should be evaluated in coculture systems, especially in cases that require the expansion of these cells in vitro, still a significant challenge for therapeutic applications in humans.