bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of Blood from Patients with Atherosclerosis Based on Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Qian Yongjiang , Zhang Lili , Sun Zhen , Zang Guangyao , Li Yalan , Wang Zhongqun , Li Lihua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: atherosclerosis is a multifaceted disease characterized by the formation and accumulation of plaques that fix to the arteries and causes some cardiovascular disease and vascular embolism. A range of diagnostic techniques, including selective coronary angiography, stress tests, CT, and nuclear scans allow assessment of cardiovascular disease risk and treatment targets. However, there is not a very simple blood biochemical index or biological target for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis at present. So it would be interesting to find a blood biochemical marker for atherosclerosis.Methods: Three datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEG) and the results were integrated using Robustrankaggreg algorithm. The genes considered more important by Robustrankaggreg algorithm were put into their own data set and the data set system with cell classification information for verification.Results: 21 possible genes were screened out. Interestingly, we found a good correlation between RPS4Y1, EIF1AY and XIST. In addition, we know the general expression of these genes in different cell types and whole blood cellsConclusions: In this study, we identified BTNL8 and BLNK as having good clinical significance. These results will contribute to the study of the underlying genes involved in the progression of atherosclerosis and provide insights for the discovery of new diagnostic and evaluation methods.
Eradicating chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells by IRAK1/4 inhibitors
Authors: Tanaka Yosuke , Fukushima Tsuyoshi , Mikami Keiko , Tsuchiya Shun , Tamura Moe , Adachi Keito , Umemoto Terumasa , Watanabe Naoki , Morishita Soji , Imai Misa , Nagasawa Masayoshi , Araki Marito , Takizawa Hitoshi , Fukuyama Tomofusa , Lamagna Chrystelle , Masuda Esteban , Ito Ryoji , Goyama Susumu , Komatsu Norio , Takaku Tomoiku , Kitamura Toshio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are quiescent, insensitive to BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and responsible for CML relapse. Therefore, eradicating quiescent CML LSCs is a major goal in CML therapy. Here, using a novel G0 marker (G0M), we narrowed down CML LSCs as G0M- and CD27- double positive cells among the conventional CML LSCs. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed NF-κB activation via inflammatory signals in imatinib-insensitive quiescent CML LSCs. Blocking NF-κB signals by IRAK1/4 inhibitors together with imatinib eradicated mouse and human CML LSCs. Intriguingly, IRAK1/4 inhibitors attenuated PD-L1 expression on CML LSCs, and blocking PD-L1 together with imatinib also effectively eradicated CML LSCs in the presence of T cell immunity. Thus, IRAK1/4 inhibitors could eradicate CML LSCs through inhibiting NF-ΚB activity and reducing PD-L1 expression. Collectively, the combination of TKIs and IRAK1/4 inhibitors is an attractive strategy to achieve a radical cure of CML.
Global microbial necromass contribution to soil organic matter
Authors: Liu Yuan , Tian Jing , He Nianpeng , Tiemann Lisa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in mitigating climate change and sustaining soil health and food production 1,2. Mounting evidence suggests that microbial necromass is the main contributor to SOM 3; however, we lack quantification of microbial necromass at a global scale, especially in subsoils. Here, we generate, for the first time, global distribution maps of microbial necromass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and contributions to SOM in topsoil and subsoil. Globally, necromass concentrations varied widely across ecosystems and by latitude, contributing 19-60% to SOC and 41-92% to soil N stocks, with particularly large accumulations in boreal and tropical ecosystems. On average, fungal necromass contributions to SOM are 3x greater than bacterial, although this varied across ecosystems. Microbial necromass contributions to SOC are strongly associated with soil C:N ratios and pH; necromass contributions are greater in soils with narrow C:N ratios and higher pH. Microbial necromass is on average 23 and 77 times greater than living microbial biomass in topsoil and subsoil, respectively. These data highlight the importance of necromass contributions to SOM, especially soil N, and the need for spatially resolved necromass data sets that can be used in biogeochemical models to estimate SOM dynamics more accurately.
COVID-19: Relationship between mobility and macroeconomic indicator
Authors: Chand Sai , Dange Vaibhav , Dixit Vinayak 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lockdowns have been widely used as a policy instrument to manage the COVID pandemic and ensure that the safety of communities and the healthcare system does not get overwhelmed by the number of cases. Though lockdowns are meant to assist with effectively managing the spread of the pandemic, they come at an enormous economic cost to individuals and households. Economically poorer households may be unable to adhere to such lockdowns as they might struggle to maintain their livelihood and venture out to find a livelihood. Using the Google Mobility Data of several countries and sub-regions, we find that increase in economic indicators such as per-capita GDP (in case of countries) and household income (in case of sub-regions within a country) is the single biggest indicator of the likely reduction in mobility to work and increase in time spent in-residence. The trend is remarkably stable, which can help determine elasticity values. It is anticipated that these macro-economic elasticities can be used to potentially design economic relief to make it possible for individuals to adhere to lockdown.
Hipparion Datum Implies Miocene Palaeoecological Pattern
Authors: Sun Boyang , Liu Yan , He Wen , Chen Shanqin , Deng Tao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Here, we report well–preserved skulls and postcranial specimens of the subgenus Hippotherium from the Linxia Basin, Gansu, China. Based on morphological comparison, the species of subgenus Hippotherium in China, Hipparion weihoense and Hipparion chiai, should be ascribed to the same species, H. weihoense. The species Hipparion prostylum (later Hipparion aff. brachypus) from Maragheh, Iran should also be ascribed to H. weihoense. Phylogenetic analysis shows the subgenus Hippotherium derived from the North American genus Cormohipparion, and as a basal group of Hipparion in Eurasia, representing the Hipparion Datum. Analysis on locomotive ability indicates that H. weihoense likely lived in an open habitat, whereas other species of subgenus Hippotherium likely lived in closed habitats. This result indicates a palaeoecological pattern in the early Late Miocene in Eurasia: influenced by a series of geological events, aridification of mid–latitude Asia progressed, whereas Europe and North Africa remained relatively humid; as the genus originated from East Asia, Hipparion divided rapidly into different groups with differing functional morphology to occupy diverse niches.
Diversity of Diurnal Raptors in a Suburban Area of a City in Southern Chile
Authors: Muñoz-Pedreros Andrés , Dellacasa Varia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Raptor conservation programs should be based on knowledge of the birds’ ecology in both natural and urban habitats, justifying the inclusion of ecological studies in suburban zones into regional planning initiatives. The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the use by diurnal raptors of the habitat in a suburban area of a city in southern Chile, and (b) to characterize the different zones into five types of environment, and assess their raptor diversity for consideration in territorial planning. Acoustic surveys were conducted in auditory stations in addition to observations from fixed transects and trails. From a total of 161.39 hours of census, we obtained 664 sightings corresponding to ten species of diurnal raptors. The richest environment was dense forest (eight species), followed by grassland (six species), native forest regeneration (five species), shrubs (four species) and exotic tree plantations (three species). We discuss the relationship between the richness of diurnal raptors, the types of environment in the study area, and the spatial location of the sites, as well as the implications for territorial planning to support the conservation of birds of prey in the suburban zone studied.
Brain Age Estimation at Tract Group Level and its Association with Daily Life Measures, Cardiac Risk Factors and Genetic Variants
Authors: Salih Ahmed , Galazzo Ilaria Boscolo , Raisi-Estabragh Zahra , Rauseo Elisa , Gkontra Polyxeni , Petersen Steffen E. , Lekadir Karim , Altmann André , Radeva Petia , Menegaz Gloria 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Brain age can be estimated using different MRI modalities including diffusion MRI. Recent studies demonstrated that white matter (WM) tracts that share the same function might experience similar alterations. Therefore, in this work, we sought to investigate such issue focusing on five WM bundles holding that feature that is Association, Brainstem, Commissural, Limbic and Projection fibers, respectively. For each tract group, we estimated brain age for 15335 healthy participants from United Kingdom Biobank relying on diffusion MRI image derived endophenotypes, Bayesian ridge regression modeling and 10 fold-cross validation. Furthermore, we estimated brain age for an ensemble model that gathers all the considered white matter bundles. Association analysis was subsequently performed between the estimated brain age delta as resulting from the six models, that is for each tract group as well as for the ensemble model, and 38 daily life style measures, 14 cardiac risk factors and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging features and genetic variants. Our study revealed that the limbic tracts experience less brain aging compared to other tract groups, Brainstem tracts ages relatively faster while the other tract groups present similar brain aging patterns. The model achieved 5.86 mean absolute error (MAE) for brainstem, 5.08 for limbic tracts and around 5.2 for the other three tract groups while, the ensemble model 4.55. Moreover, the results suggest that limbic tracts are more affected by daily lifestyle factors than the other tract groups. Lastly, two SNPs were significantly (p-value < 5E-8) associated with brain age delta in projection fibers. Those SNPs are mapped to HIST1H1A and SLC17A3 genes.
Young South Asians With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) – Outcomes, Clinical and Angiographic Profiles.
Authors: Rehman Salik ur , Almas Aysha , Siddiqui Aisha , Sethi Sania Sabir , Awan Safia , Khan Aamir Hameed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Why STEMI in young South Asians (SAs) has more adverse outcomes compared to elder population is underexplored. We conducted this study to learn about common risk factors, disease patterns and prognostic factors in this population.Methods: It was an observational study from 2013-2019 done at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, a tertiary care hospital. Patients aged <45 years who presented with their first episode of ST elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and who underwent Primay PCI were included. Patients with previous MI or revascularization were excluded. Details of risk factors, lesion complexity and outcomes were noted. Main outcome measures were:i. Primary outcome of 30 day All-cause mortalityii. Secondary outcomes: (a) Composite of Shock/CPR/VT/Vfib, (b) Ejection fraction <35%, (c) Delayed discharge >5 daysResults: Of a total of 1207 patients, only 165 patients (13%) were <45 years old. Common risk factors included male gender 90.3%, n=149, obesity in 48.3%, n=69, history of tobacco in 45%, n=74 and positive family history in 48.4%, n=80. LAD was the culprit in 77.0%, n=127 with Single vessel disease (SVCAD) in 68%, n=112. Primary outcome of 30 day All-cause mortality was seen in 3.6%, n=6 patients. Secondary outcomes: (i) Composite of Shock/CPR/VT/Vfib was seen in 12%, n=20 associated to initial SBP <110 mmhg (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.2-13.4) or heart failure (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.0-12.6). (ii) Ejection fraction <35% was seen in 29%. n=48 associated to anterior infarction (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.8-13.5 ), Time to hospital (TTH) >4 hours (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-6.7) and heart failure (OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.7-15.4). (iii) Delayed discharge >5 days was seen in 27.3%, n=45 associated to TTH >4 hours (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3-11.2), the Composite of Shock/CPR/VT/VF (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.9-21.6) and HTN (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-5.2).Conclusion: Young SAs with STEMI are usually obese, tobacco-users with positive family history. LAD is the most common culprit vessel. Anterior STEMI, delayed presentation, initial SBP, and heart failure may help stratify these patients.
The Association of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Statin Use With Inflammation and Treatment Outcomes in Tuberculosis
Authors: Chidambaram Vignesh , Castillo Jennie Ruelas , Kumar Amudha , Wei Justin , Wang Siqing , Majella Marie Gilbert , Gupte Akshay , Wang Jann-Yuan , Karakousis Petros C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) have a close epidemiological and pathogenetic overlap. Thus, it becomes essential to understand the relationship between ASCVD and TB outcomes.Methods:From our retrospective cohort on drug-susceptible TB patients at the National Taiwan University Hospital, we assessed the association of pre-existing ASCVD (coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherothrombotic stroke (ATS)) with 9-month all-cause and infection-related mortality and the extent of mediation by systemic inflammatory markers. We determined the effect of pre-existing ASCVD on 2-month sputum microbiological status. Among ASCVD patients, we assessed the association of statin use on mortality.Results:Nine-month all-cause mortality was higher in CAD patients with prior acute myocardial infarction (CAD+AMI+) (adjusted HR 2.01, 95%CI 1.38-3.00) and ATS patients (aHR 2.79, 95%CI 1.92-4.07) and similarly, for infection-related mortality was higher in CAD+AMI+ (aHR 1.95, 95%CI 1.17-3.24) and ATS (aHR 2.04, 95%CI 1.19-3.46) after adjusting for confounding factors. Pre-existing CAD (AMI- or AMI+) or ATS did not change sputum culture conversion or sputum smear AFB positivity at 2 months. The CAD+AMI+ group had significantly higher levels of CRP at TB diagnosis in the multivariable linear regression analysis (Adjusted B(SE) 1.24(0.62)). CRP mediated 66% (p=0.048) and 25% (p=0.033) of the association all-cause mortality with CAD+AMI- and CAD+AMI+, respectively. ConclusionsIn summary, patients with ASCVD have higher hazards of 9-month all-cause and infection-related mortality, with elevated serum inflammation mediating one to three-quarters of this association when adjusted for confounders. Statin use was associated with lower all-cause mortality among patients with ASCVD.
INTS8 Predicts a Therapeutic Target for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma via Integration of Bioinformation Analysis and Experimental Validation
Authors: Zhou Qi , Ji Li , Shi Xueying , Deng Dawei , Guo Fangyue , Wang Zhengpeng , Liu Wenhui , Zhang Jinnan , Xia Shilin , Shang Dong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background & Aims: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains a rare malignancy, ranking the leading lethal primary liver cancer worldwide. However, biological functions of integrator complex subunit 8 (INTS8) remain unknown in ICC. Thus, this research aimed to explore the potential role of INTS8, as well as develop a novel diagnosed or therapeutic target in ICC. Methods: Differently expressed genes in two GEO datasets were obtained by RRA package in R software. The “maftools” package was implemented to visualize the cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) mutation data in TCGA database. The expression of INTS8 was detected by preforming quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in cell lines and human samples, respectively. The association between subtypes of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and INTS8 expression in CHOL was performed by using CIBERSORT tools. We evaluated a correlation between INTS8 expression and mismatch repair genes (MMRs) and DNA methyltransferases in pan-cancer analyses. Finally, the pan-cancer prognostic signatures of INTS8 were identified by univariate analyses. Results: We obtained the mutation landscape of a RRA gene set in CHOL. The expression of INTS8 was actually upregulated in ICC cell lines and human ICC samples. Furthermore, INTS8 expression is tightly associated with distinct landscape of TICs, the MMRs, and DNA methyltransferases in CHOL. In addition, the high INTS8 expression group presented a significantly poor outcomes, including overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free interval (DFI) (P < 0.05) in multi-cancers. Conclusions: INTS8 contributes to the tumorigenesis and progression of ICC. Our study highlights the significant roles of INTS8 in ICC and pan-cancers, providing a valuable molecular target for cancer research.
The current and potential uses of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) data for primary health care performance measurement in the Canadian context: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Barbazza Erica , Allin Sara , Byrnes Mary , Foebel Andrea D , Khan Tanya , Sidhom Patricia , Klazinga Niek S , Kringos Dionne S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are a rich data source to measure and improve quality of care. As Canadian primary health care (PHC) EMRs mature, there is increasing potential use of EMR data for performance measurement. This study identifies and describes current uses of EMR data for performance measurement and considerations to further its potential in the Canadian context. Methods: We applied a qualitative case study design and descriptive assessment in three phases, consulting multiple data sources including scientific and grey literature, system leaders (n=41), and clinician/researchers (n=20). Phases included a multimethod approach to identify initiatives using EMR data for performance measurement across Canadian jurisdictions; in-depth review of current initiatives identified from a healthcare performance intelligence lens; and triangulation and thematic analysis across data sources to explore considerations for advancing performance measurement uses of EMR data in the Canadian context. Results: Six initiatives of EMR data use for performance measurement were identified: one multi-jurisdictional; five jurisdiction-specific in the provinces of British Columbia, Manitoba and Ontario. EMR data uses were predominately for micro-level PHC physician and team performance improvement, with some use for meso-level organization/network-wide improvement. Indicator sets varied in number, though shared emphasis on chronic disease management and prevention/screening and to a lesser extent medication management. Key considerations for governing, resourcing and implementing EMR data for performance measurement were identified. Conclusion: The extent of EMR data use for performance measurement varies across Canada. To further its potential, pan-Canadian data and privacy standards, performance intelligence competencies and renewed core PHC indicators should be prioritized. Experiences across countries, coupled with increasing momentum for performance measurement using real-world data, should be leveraged to avoid unnecessarily slow progress in Canada and abroad.
Reclassification of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Following Cardiac Sympathetic Nervous System Activation: a New Cutoff Value of 58%
Authors: Goto Toshihiko , Nakayama Takafumi , Yamamoto Junki , Mori Kento , Shintani Yasuhiro , Kikuchi Shohei , Fujita Hiroshi , Wakami Kazuaki , Fukuta Hidekatsu , Seo Yoshihiro , Ohte Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

A left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 50% as the cutoff for heart failure (HF) with preserved LVEF is controversial. We previously reported that patients with an LVEF of ≥58% have good prognoses. In this study, 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy was performed to evaluate cardiac sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in 63 HF patients (78.4±9.6 years; males, 49.2%). During the follow-up period (median, 3.0 years), 18 all-cause deaths occurred. The delayed heart/mediastinum (H/M) ratio was significantly higher in the LVEF ≥58% group (n=15) than the LVEF <58% group (n=48) (2.1±0.3 vs. 1.7±0.4, p=0.004), and the all-cause mortality was significantly lower in patients in the former than those in the latter group (log-rank, p=0.04). When these patients were divided into LVEF ≥50% (n=22) and LVEF <50% (n=41) groups; no significant differences were found in the delayed H/M ratio, and the all-cause mortality did not differ between the groups (log-rank, p=0.09).In conclusion, cardiac SNS activity was more elevated in patients with an LVEF of <58% than in those with an LVEF of ≥58%. Furthermore, an LVEF of <58% was significantly associated with all-cause mortality. Thus, an LVEF of 58% is a good candidate for reclassifying HF patients according to cardiac SNS activity.
Effects of chemically reactive and thermally radiative MHD Prandtl nanofluid by a vertically heated stretchable surface with convective conditions
Authors: Rasheed Haroon Ur , Islam Saeed , Khan Zeeshan , Khan Waris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The existing investigations purpose to disclose the interaction effects of transverse magnetic and hydrodynamic flow of Prandtl nanofluid subjected to convective boundary conditions over a vertical heated stretching surface. Developing a fundamental flow model, a boundary layer approximation is done, which yields momentum, concentration, and energy expressions. Moreover, Brownian effect and thermophoresis influence are also taken into the account. The constitutive flow laws of nonlinear (PDEs) is altered into ordinary one via similarity transformation variables. The dimensionless nonlinear systems of (ODEs) are then solved through bvp4c numerical algorithm. Consequences of innumerable flow factors on steam wise velocity, thermal field, and concentration of nanoparticle are explicitly debated and plotted graphically. The drag force coefficient and heat transference rate are assumed and deliberated accordingly. It has been perceived that f higher estimation of thermophoresis parameter upsurges the internal thermal energy of the nanofluid and nanoparticles concentration field.