bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Photocaged Azidosugar for Light‐Controlled Metabolic Labeling of Cell‐Surface Sialoglycans
Authors: Cheng Bo , Wan Yi , Tang Qi , Du Yifei , Xu Feiyang , Huang Zhimin , Qin Wei , Chen Xing 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryThe photocaging strategy has been widely used for activating biomolecules and hence regulating the underlying biological processes with high temporal and spatial resolution. Herein, we integrate this strategy into metabolic glycan labeling, which enables optically‐controlled metabolic labeling of cell‐surface sialoglycans with azides. N‐Azidoacetylmannosamine (ManNAz) is caged with a 4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrobenzyl (DMNB) group at the anomeric hydroxyl group to block its cellular metabolism. After feeding to the cells, irradiation with 365 nm UV light or 405 nm visible light cleaves the photocage and generates ManNAz within the cells. ManNAz is metabolically converted to azido sialic acid, which is then incorporated into cell‐surface sialoglycans. We demonstrated spatial and temporal control of this strategy by specifically labeling sialoglycans on a single cell and tracking the metabolism of ManNAz based on light‐triggered pulse‐chase labeling, respectively. The light‐controlled metabolic glycan labeling strategy should facilitate probing of glycosylation in complex biological systems with high spatiotemporal precision.
Phosphonate‐Type Pseudo‐Grafted Precursor: Efficient Surface Modification of Silica
Authors: Ishizaka Yusuke , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Sato Kazuhiko , Choi Jun‐Chul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSurface modification of inorganic metal oxides by grafting phosphonate compounds is a highly useful method for acquiring organic–inorganic hybrid materials. Compared to metal oxides, it is still difficult to modify silica by phosphonates. In this work, we developed an arylphosphonate “pseudo‐grafted precursor” (P‐PGP 1) bearing a disilicate moiety (−OSi(OtBu)2OSi(OtBu)2O−). While conventional grafting methods rely on Si−O−P bond formation, P‐PGP 1 undergoes Si−O−Si bond formation through a substitution reaction on the silicon atoms of the disilicate moiety. Therefore, P‐PGP 1 was grafted onto a silica surface at room temperature with a higher phosphorus content than that obtained with arylphosphonic acid. The characterization of surface species by 31P and 13C CP/MAS NMR analyses and the evaluation of the phosphorus content suggested that the grafting mode of P‐PGP 1 allows efficient surface modification of the silica surface.
Is it possible to determine the optical properties of resin composites with clinical spectrophotometers?
Authors: Soares Karla Danielly Alves , de Bragança Rafaella Mariana , Leal Pollyana Caldeira , Schneider Luis Felipe Jochims , Faria‐e‐Silva André Luis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine how spectrophotometer type and background blackness affect the optical evaluation of resin composites. Cylindrical specimens were built using one resin composite, provided with translucencies named Effect, Enamel, Body, and Dentin (n = 3). The CIELAB color coordinates were assessed over black and white backgrounds using a handheld spectrophotometer designed for laboratory readings (SP60, X‐Rite) and a spectrophotometer designed for clinical application (Easyshade V5, Vita Zahnfabrik). The black portion of a grayscale target (ColorChecker) and the black trap portion of the calibration reference of the spectrophotometer were used. Color differences between the devices were calculated, as well as the translucency parameter and contrast ratio. Data were analyzed by repeated‐measures ANOVA and linear regressions (α = .05). In general, Easyshade resulted in higher values for all color coordinates than the SP60, irrespective of the background. Easyshade was unable to measure the color of composite Effect over black backgrounds. For other composite translucencies, both spectrophotometers yielded similar values of translucency parameter and contrast ratio, and the blackness of the black background did not affect these results. The highest agreement for the translucency parameter and contrast ratio values was observed for the composite Dentin. High agreement was observed between the two spectrophotometers regarding the translucency parameter and contrast ratio values. However, the clinical spectrophotometer was unable to measure the color of the more translucent composite over a black background and overestimated the color coordinates.
Warm‐night temperature alters paternal allocation strategy in a North temperate‐zone butterfly
Authors: Rosa Elena , Saastamoinen Marjo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWarming temperatures are greatly impacting wild organisms across the globe. Some of the negative impacts of climate change can be mitigated behaviorally, for example, by changes in habitat and oviposition site choice. Temperatures are reportedly warming faster at night than during the day, yet studies assessing the impacts of increasing night temperature are rare. We used the Finnish Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) as study species and exposed adult butterflies of both sexes to warmer night conditions. Under a seminatural outdoor enclosure, we assessed whether females base their oviposition choices primarily on habitat site characteristics (open, suggestive of dry meadows, versus covered by a coarse canopy, suggestive of pastures) or on plant condition (dry vs. lush), and if their choice is altered by the thermal conditions experienced at night. As exposure to warmer environmental conditions is expected to increase resting metabolic rate and potentially reduce life expectancy, we further assessed the fitness implications of warm‐night temperatures. We found that females prefer open sites for oviposition and that females do not switch their oviposition strategy based on the thermal conditions they experienced at night prior to the reproductive event. Exposure to warm nights did not influence female lifespan, but the egg hatching success of their offspring was reduced. In addition, we found that males exposed to warm nights sired larger clutches with higher hatching rate. As warm‐night exposure reduced male lifespan, this may imply a switch in male resource allocation strategy toward increased offspring quality. The present work adds on to the complex implications of climate warming and highlights the importance of the often‐neglected role of males in shaping offspring performance.
Terrestrial or marine species distribution model: Why not both? A case study with seabirds
Authors: Häkkinen Henry , Petrovan Silviu O. , Sutherland William J. , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpecies reliant on both the terrestrial and marine realms present a challenge for conventional species distribution models (SDMs). For such species, standard single‐realm SDMs may omit key information that could result in decreased model accuracy and performance. Existing approaches to habitat suitability modeling typically do not effectively combine information from multiple realms; this methodological gap can ultimately hamper management efforts for groups such as seabirds, seals, and turtles. This study, for the first time, jointly incorporates both terrestrial information and marine information into a single species distribution model framework. We do this by sampling nearby marine conditions for a given terrestrial point and vice versa using parameters set by each species’ mean maximum foraging distance and then use standard SDM methods to generate habitat suitability predictions; therefore, our method does not rely on post hoc combination of several different models. Using three seabird species with very different ecologies, we investigate whether this new multi‐realm approach can improve our ability to identify suitable habitats for these species. Results show that incorporating terrestrial information into marine SDMs, or vice versa, generally improves model performance, sometimes drastically. However, there is considerable variability between species in the level of improvement as well as in the particular method that produces the most improvement. Our approach provides a repeatable and transparent method to combine information from multiple ecological realms in a single SDM framework. Important advantages over existing solutions include the opportunity to, firstly, easily combine terrestrial and marine information for species that forage large distances inland or out to sea and, secondly, consider interactions between terrestrial and marine variables.
Gene expression and epigenetic responses of the marine Cladoceran, Evadne nordmanni, and the copepod, Acartia clausi, to elevated CO2
Authors: Aluru Neelakanteswar , Fields David M. , Shema Steven , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Browman Howard I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCharacterizing the capacity of marine organisms to adapt to climate change related drivers (e.g., pCO2 and temperature), and the possible rate of this adaptation, is required to assess their resilience (or lack thereof) to these drivers. Several studies have hypothesized that epigenetic markers such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs, act as drivers of adaptation in marine organisms, especially corals. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in zooplankton, a keystone organism in marine food webs. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that acute ocean acidification (OA) exposure alters DNA methylation in two zooplanktonic species—copepods (Acartia clausii) and cladocerans (Evadne nordmanii). We exposed these two species to near‐future OA conditions (400 and 900 ppm pCO2) for 24 h and assessed transcriptional and DNA methylation patterns using RNA sequencing and Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS). OA exposure caused differential expression of genes associated with energy metabolism, cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix functions, hypoxia and one‐carbon metabolism. Similarly, OA exposure also caused altered DNA methylation patterns in both species but the effect of these changes on gene expression and physiological effects remains to be determined. The results from this study form the basis for studies investigating the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in OA induced phenotypic plasticity and/or adaptive responses in zooplanktonic organisms.
Effects of different types of low‐intensity management on plant‐pollinator interactions in Estonian grasslands
Authors: Motivans Švara Elena , Ştefan Valentin , Sossai Esther , Feldmann Reinart , Aguilon Dianne Joy , Bontsutsnaja Anna , E‐Vojtkó Anna , Kilian Isabel C. , Lang Piret , Mõtlep Marilin , Prangel Elisabeth , Viljur Mari‐Liis , Knight Tiffany M. , Neuenkamp Lena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the face of global pollinator decline, extensively managed grasslands play an important role in supporting stable pollinator communities. However, different types of extensive management may promote particular plant species and thus particular functional traits. As the functional traits of flowering plant species (e.g., flower size and shape) in a habitat help determine the identity and frequency of pollinator visitors, they can also influence the structures of plant−pollinator interaction networks (i.e., pollination networks). The aim of this study was to examine how the type of low‐intensity traditional management influences plant and pollinator composition, the structure of plant−pollinator interactions, and their mediation by floral and insect functional traits. Specifically, we compared mown wooded meadows to grazed alvar pastures in western Estonia. We found that both management types fostered equal diversity of plants and pollinators, and overlapping, though still distinct, plant and pollinator compositions. Wooded meadow pollination networks had significantly higher connectance and specialization, while alvar pasture networks achieved higher interaction diversity at a standardized sampling of interactions. Pollinators with small body sizes and short proboscis lengths were more specialized in their preference for particular plant species and the specialization of individual pollinators was higher in alvar pastures than in wooded meadows. All in all, the two management types promoted diverse plant and pollinator communities, which enabled the development of equally even and nested pollination networks. The same generalist plant and pollinator species were important for the pollination networks of both wooded meadows and alvar pastures; however, they were complemented by management‐specific species, which accounted for differences in network structure. Therefore, the implementation of both management types in the same landscape helps to maintain high species and interaction diversity.
Life in the desert: The impact of geographic and environmental gradients on genetic diversity and population structure of Ivesia webberi
Authors: Borokini Israel T. , Klingler Kelly B. , Peacock Mary M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor range‐restricted species with disjunct populations, it is critical to characterize population genetic structure, gene flow, and factors that influence functional connectivity among populations in order to design effective conservation programs. In this study, we genotyped 314 individuals from 16 extant populations of Ivesia webberi, a United States federally threatened Great Basin Desert using six microsatellite loci. We assessed the effects of Euclidean distance, landscape features, and ecological dissimilarity on the pairwise genetic distance of the sampled populations, while also testing for a potential relationship between I. webberi genetic diversity and diversity in the vegetative communities. The results show low levels of genetic diversity overall (He = 0.200–0.441; Ho = 0.192–0.605) and high genetic differentiation among populations. Genetic diversity was structured along a geographic gradient, congruent with patterns of isolation by distance. Populations near the species’ range core have relatively high genetic diversity, supporting in part a central‐marginal pattern, while also showing some evidence for a metapopulation dynamic. Peripheral populations have lower genetic diversity, significantly higher genetic distances, and higher relatedness. Genotype cluster admixture results suggest a complex dispersal pattern among populations with dispersal direction and distance varying on the landscape. Pairwise genetic distance strongly correlates with elevation, actual evapotranspiration, and summer seasonal precipitation, indicating a role for isolation by environment, which the observed phenological mismatches among the populations also support. The significant correlation between pairwise genetic distance and floristic dissimilarity in the germinated soil seed bank suggests that annual regeneration in the plant communities contribute to the maintenance of genetic diversity in I. webberi.
Aspirin use is associated with increased risk for incident heart failure: a patient‐level pooled analysis
Authors: Mujaj Blerim , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Yang Wen‐Yi , Thijs Lutgarde , Wei Fang‐Fei , Verhamme Peter , Delles Christian , Butler Javed , Sever Peter , Latini Roberto , GF Cleland John , Zannad Faiez , Staessen Jan A. ,   Heart Omics in Ageing Investigators
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsRecent trials evaluating the effect of aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease showed little or no benefit. However, the role of aspirin on the risk of incident heart failure (HF) remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the role of aspirin use on HF incidence in primary and secondary prevention and whether aspirin use increases the risk of incident HF in patients at risk.Methods and resultsData from 30 827 patients at risk for HF enrolled in six observational studies were analysed [women 33.9%, mean age (±standard deviation) 66.8 ± 9.2 years]. Cardiovascular risk factors and aspirin use were recorded at baseline, and patients were followed up for the first incident of fatal or non‐fatal HF. The association of incident HF with aspirin use was assessed using multivariable‐adjusted proportional hazard regression, which accounted for study and cardiovascular risk factors. Over 5.3 years (median; 5th–95th percentile interval, 2.1–11.7 years), 1330 patients experienced HF. The fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) associated with aspirin use was 1.26 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.41; P ≤ 0.001]. Further, in a propensity‐score‐matched analysis, the HR was 1.26 (95% CI 1.10–1.44; P ≤ 0.001). In 22 690 patients (73.6%) without history of cardiovascular disease, the HR was 1.27 (95% CI 1.10–1.46; P = 0.001).ConclusionsIn patients, at risk, aspirin use was associated with incident HF, independent of other risk factors. In the absence of conclusive trial evidence, our observations suggest that aspirins should be prescribed with caution in patients at risk of HF or having HF.
Effect of two postharvest technologies on the micronutrient profile of cashew kernels from Mozambique
Authors: Uaciquete Americo , Ferreira Neid Ali , Lehnert Katja , Vetter Walter , Sus Nadine , Stuetz Wolfgang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe economics involved in processing cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale) might alter micronutrient profiles and concentrations. We analyzed and evaluated carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids in (1) cashew kernels with testa recovered from nuts dried with and without the apple, and (2) testa‐free industrial grade baby butts, splits, and white whole kernels using HPLC, ICP‐OES, and GC‐MS techniques. The results indicated that drying cashews with the respective apple slightly decreased the concentration of some carotenoids and total fatty and amino acids, but increased the concentration of iron, magnesium, and total tocotrienols compared with the conventionally (sun‐) dried kernels. We also found high concentrations of carotenoids in the testa‐containing kernels. Among the industrially processed kernel, baby butt grade was associated with lower content of β‐carotene, total tocopherols, and tocotrienols, but with significantly higher concentrations in minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids than in white wholes and split grades. Conventional sun drying of cashew nuts revealed results similar to drying with apples regarding micronutrient concentrations. The high micronutrient content of industrial grade BB is reflected in widespread human consumption and better market value.
New constraints on the tectono‐magmatic evolution of the Tidding‐Mayodia ophiolites, eastern Himalaya, northeast India
Authors: Singh Athokpam Krishnakanta , Dutt Amrita , Nayak Bibhuranjan , Bikramaditya Raj Kumar , Oinam Govind , Thakur Satyajeet S. , Srivastava Rajesh K. , Khogenkumar Shoraisam , Kumar Manoj 
Published: November 2021

The Tidding‐Mayodia ophiolites (TMO) exposed along the Lohit and Dibang river valleys in eastern Himalaya that have been considered as the extension of the Indus‐Tsangpo Suture Zone ophiolites are revisited to review their petrogenetic‐tectonic origin. The ophiolites consist of depleted harzburgite and dunite with lesser amounts of mafic rocks (gabbro intrusives, mafic dykes) and carbonates. The serpentinized peridotites consist of antigorite, lizardite, olivine, Cr‐spinel, and bastite with minor sulfide minerals. From SEM‐EDS studies, sulfide minerals were observed to be associated mainly with magnetites. The main sulfide mineral is pentlandite with minor millerite that exists as inclusions inside the pentlandite grains. Elemental mapping of these sulfides shows that they are mainly Ni‐(Co‐)‐bearing sulfides. The olivines are highly forsteritic (Fo = 95–96) while the Cr‐spinels show distinct Cr‐magnetite rims with a chromite core (Cr# = ~93). The serpentinized peridotites have whole‐rock compositions of SiO2 <47 wt% and high MgO (>36.37 wt%) and low Al2O3 (<1.21 wt%), CaO (<0.82 wt%), indicating the depleted nature of the parent rocks. Highly fractionated LREEs as compared to HREEs [(La/Yb)N = 2.62–13.22], and REE and Cr spinel chemistry modelling suggests that the studied peridotites have formed from ~22% partial melting of a depleted spinel lherzolite source which later underwent interactions with a high‐temperature silicate melt that caused enrichment in LREE and Cr of spinels. The parental melt compositions of Cr spinel yield their formation during arc tectonism (Al2O3melt = 6.28–7.65 wt%, FeO/MgO = 1.00–1.33). Furthermore, Mn and Zn concentrations in spinels, the occurrence of Cr magnetite rim in Cr‐spinels, presence of secondary olivine with higher Fo (~98), and occurrence of low‐temperature re‐equilibrated sulfide minerals, indicate that the rocks were subject to low‐temperature metamorphism. Based on this evidence, combined with data from previous studies, a tectonic model has been proposed for the genesis of the studied ophiolites. This model shows that the ophiolites have formed from the entrapment of depleted N‐MORB mantle in the mantle wedge of an intra‐oceanic subduction zone. During the nascent forearc regime, this mantle wedge underwent interactions with high‐temperature melts, which caused changes in their chemistry. Moreover, the rocks underwent interactions with low‐temperature fluids in the mature forearc, which caused the formation of sulfides and metamorphozed these rocks.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis and Potential Applications of Two‐Dimensional Tungsten (Sub)oxides
Authors: Pirker Luka , Višić Bojana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile WO3 is one of the most studied metal‐oxides in bulk, it is increasingly gaining interest as a two‐dimensional (2D) material as it exhibits different behaviour compared to bulk. In addition, many substoichiometric WO3–x (0≤x≤1) phases exist both in bulk and 2D form. These Magneli phases have different physical and chemical properties than their WO3 counterparts. By introducing oxygen vacancies, the physical and chemical properties of 2D tungsten (sub)oxide nanomaterials can be further altered. This review focuses on synthesis pathways of 2D tungsten (sub)oxides reported so far, and their subsequent use for various applications. The different stoichiometries and additional oxygen vacancies that appear in these materials, combined with their low thickness and high surface area, make them interesting candidates for gas sensing, catalytic application or in electronic devices.