bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Glycemic Index, Lipid Profiles and Inflammatory Cytokines in NAFLD Patients: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mozaffari Sadegh , Amirkiasar Pedram Rezaei , Zare Mina , Emamgholipour Solaleh , Hosseini Hossein , Panahi Ghodratollah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver disorders worldwide. In an aggressive type, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) might lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Currently, there is no certified drug applied to treat NASH. Human studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics supplementation in NAFLD. Due to the lack of appropriate studies and the emerging requirements for further illustration over the effects of probiotics on the treatment of NAFLD and NASH-related disorders in humans, in this study, we seek to evaluate this matter often papered over.Methods: We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to February 2021. Search terms are keywords and medical subject headings related to NAFLD, probiotics, glycemic indexes, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. 2 researchers will determine the search strategy after several pre-searches. The Glycemic outcomes include glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.The lipidomic outcomes include differences in High-density lipoprotein, Low-density lipoprotein, Total triglyceride, Total cholesterol.The Inflammatory outcomes include differences in IL6, IL1β, TNFα, CRP.The meta-analysis will be performed using END NOTE and STATA.Results: Our study will systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of probiotics supplementation in NAFLD patients.Conclusion: This study's results will give the proof for probiotics supplements in NAFLD treatment and provide an evidence for clinical treatment.
Weight loss improve pregnancy and livebirth outcomes in young women with early-stage endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia:15 years’ experience
Authors: zhang yanfang , Li Dan , Yan Qi , Wang Jinghua , Teng fei , Wei Likun , zhang huiying , Tian Wenyan , Wang Yingmei , Song Xueru , Xue Fengxia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the effects of body weight loss on pregnancy and livebirth outcomes in young women with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) and atypical hyperplasia (AH) with fertility-sparing therapy. Thus, improve the management of this patient group.Method: Patients with AH (n=36) and well-differentiated EC (n=8, FIGO stage IA) who achieved complete regression after conservative treatment were included in this retrospective study. A weight loss group (n=25) and a non-weight loss group (n=19) were divided; while subgroup analysis according to body mass index and stratification analysis according to weight loss proportion were performed to investigate the effect of weight loss on pregnancy and livebirth outcomes. A univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were undertaken to analysis the factors associated with pregnancy.Results: The mean body weight and body mass index at pretreatment of progestin and initiation of fertility treatment was 70.63±12.03 and 67.08±8.18 kg, respectively, and 27.06±4.44 and 25.73±3.15 kg/m2, respectively. 25 patients (56.82%) had weight loss; the median weight loss amount is 5.00kg (1.00-34.50), median weigh loss proportion was 6.70% (1.00-36.00) during median time interval of 12months (5.00-97.00). An impressive favorable pregnancy rate (65.91%) and live birth rate (50.00%) were achieved. The pregnancy and livebirth rate were meaningfully higher in the weight loss group than the non-weight loss group (88.00% vs.36.84%,P=0.000; 64.00% vs.31.58%,P=0.033, respectively); weight loss≥5% significantly increased pregnancy and live birth rate in patients with BMI≥25. The risk ratios of weight loss≥5% in multivariate logistic analysis for pregnancy was 0.096(0.010, 0.907).Conclusions: Weight loss could have a positive effect on pregnancy rates and seem to be useful for improving live birth rates in overweight or obese women with early-stage endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia during/after fertility-sparing therapy. weight loss≥5% was protective factors of pregnancy in fertility-sparing patients with early-stage endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia.
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy Predictive Models Applicable to Routine Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review&nbsp;
Authors: Valero Marina Senent , Pastor-Valero María , Librero Julián 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Solitary Pulmonary Nodule (SPN) is a common finding in routine clinical practice when performing chest imaging tests. The vast majority of these nodules are benign, and only a small proportion are malignant. Facing clinical experience as a guide for decision-making in the management of SPN, the application of predictive models of malignancy in routine clinical practice would help to achieve better diagnostic management of SPN. For this, it is necessary to know and evaluate the current state of knowledge in relation to predictive models of malignancy of SPN in the general or low-risk population. The present systematic review was carried out with the purpose of critically assess studies aimed at developing predictive models of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule (SPN) malignancy from SPN incidentally detected in routine clinical practice. Methods: we performed a systematic review through the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library. We used The Transparent Reporting of a multivariable Prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement to describe the type of predictive model included in each study. We used The Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) to evaluate the quality of the selected articles. The Fleischner guidelines for the management of incidental SPN were used as reference to describe the variables included in the models. Results: 186 references were retrieved and after applying the exclusion/inclusion criteria, 15 articles remained for the final review. All studies analysed clinical and radiological variables. The most frequent independent predictors of malignancy included in the models were, in order of frequency: age, diameter, spiculated edge of the SPN, calcification, and smoking history. Variables such as race, growth rate of the SPN, emphysema, fibrosis, apical scarring and exposure to asbestos, uranium and radon among others were not analysed by the majority of the studies. All studies were classified as high risk of bias due to inadequate study designs, selection bias, insufficient follow-up of the population, and lack of external validation, compromising their applicability for clinical practice.Conclusions: The studies included have been shown to have methodological weaknesses compromising the clinical applicability of the evaluated SPN malignancy predictive models and their potential influence on clinical decision-making for the SPN diagnostic management. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews: CRD42020161559.
Association of Sleep Disturbances With Longitudinal Cognitive Decline Among Cognitively Normal Elders
Authors: Feng Wei , Kuetche Mandela William Nzoyoum , Zhang Meng , Liu Meng , Liu Yue , Deginet Aklilu , Wang Wei , Wang Xiaonan , Guo Xiuhua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: A lot of evidence demonstrated sleep disturbances (SD) gets associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but whether or not sleep disturbances could be the preclinical stage of AD is still unknown.Objective: 463 cognitively normal elders (357 normal and 106 SD) in baseline with cognitive and biomarker data were included in the study. Participants were collected from 2005 to 2020 (16 years follow-up) in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The generalized linear mixed models adjusting variables selected by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the marginal effect estimation method were used to estimate the effect of SD for cognition. Moreover, Cox regression was used to assess the survival risk of AD in sleep disturbance.Results: The age range of participants was 73.60±5.71 years old, and the female proportion was 43.63%. Compared with the group with normal sleep, those with sleep disturbances had worse mean scores at 6 years on the PACC (mean difference, 7.53 points [95%CI, 7.36-7.70]; P<0.001), MMSE (mean difference, 5.26 points [95%CI, 5.17-5.35]; P<0.001), and CDR–Sum of Boxes (mean difference, 5.61 points [95%CI, 5.67-5.54]; P = 0.001). Cox regression analysis suggested that sleep disturbances is a risk factor of AD (HR=1.55, 95% CI=1.08 to 2.22).Conclusion: Research of a cognitively normal cohort followed up for a mean of 9.56 years suggest that sleep disturbances, compared with normal sleep status, was associated with higher likelihood cognitive, which means sleep disturbances could probably be the pre-symptomatic stage of AD.
A Practical Approach to Assess the Wildfire Ignition and Spreading Capacities of Vegetated Areas at Landscape-scale
Authors: Hysa Artan , Spalevic Velibor , Dudic Branislav , Roșca Sanda , Kuriqi Alban , Bilașco Ștefan , Sestras Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We bring a practical and comprehensive GIS-based framework to utilize freely available remote sensed datasets to assess wildfire ignition probability and spreading capacities of vegetated landscapes. The study area consists of the country-level scale of the Romanian territory, characterized by a diversity of vegetated landscapes threatened by the consequences of climate change. We utilize the Wildfire Ignition Probability/ Wildfire Spreading Capacity Index (WIPI/ WSCI). WIPI/ WSCI models rely on a multi-criteria data mining procedure assessing the social, environmental, geophysical, and fuel properties of the study area based on open access remote sensed data. We utilized the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to weigh each indexing criterion's impact factor and assess the model's overall sensitivity. Introducing ROC analysis at an earlier stage of the workflow elevated the final Area Under the Curve (AUC) of WIPI from 0.705 to 0.778 and WSCI from 0.586 to 0.802. The modeling results enable discussion on the vulnerability of protected areas and the exposure of man-made structures to wildfire risk. Our study shows that within the wildland-urban interface of Bucharest's metropolitan area, there is a remarkable building stock like healthcare, residential and educational that are significantly exposed to wildfire spreading the risk.
Dichotomy in Growth and Invasion From Low to High Grade Glioma Cellular Variants&nbsp;
Authors: Ghosh Krishnendu , Ghosh Samarandranath , Chatterjee Uttara , Bhattacharjee Pritha , Ghosh Anirban 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Glial dysfunction outraging CNS plasticity and integrity results into one of the most dangerous cancer, namely glioma, featuring little median survival period and high recurrence. The hallmark properties of proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis with the infiltrated macrophages in glioma are expected to be tightly coupled or cross-linked, but not definitely related so far. Present study is aimed to find a relationship between this featured quadrangle from lower to higher grades of post-operative glioma tissues and their invading subsets. Elevated Ki67 associated proliferation in lower grades was supported with VEGF dependent angiogenic maintenance which found decrease unlikely in higher grades. In contrast, MMP-2 and 9 associated invasions augmented high in higher grades with dominant presence of CD204+ M2 polarized macrophages and a general increase in global DNMT1 associated methylation. Marked differences found in ECM invading cellular subsets of higher grades showing high proliferative capacity indicating rationally for recurrence, contrasting the nature of gross tumor tissue of same grade. Thus in lower grades the neoplastic lesion is more inclined for its growth while in higher grade more disposed towards tissue wreckage in support with cellular environmental milieu whereas the cellular variants and subsets of invaded cells showed different trends. Therefore, some operational dichotomy or coupling among cellular variants in glioma is active in determining its low to high grade transition and aggressive progression.
The Stress Reduction Effect of Nature Through Virtual Reality (VR): a Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Gentile Ambra , Bianco Antonino , Nordström Peter , Nordström Anna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. The urbanization process has increased the stress level among the population, since the city is an environment characterised by pollution, traffic, and noise. Spending time in natural and green spaces revealed to be restorative and effective in stress reduction. In some conditions, it is not possible to reach green spaces, such as country or gardens. In the last years, virtual reality (VR) has been adopted in laboratories to explore the potentialities for stress reduction. Therefore, the current systematic review protocol aims at establishing the main steps that will be undertaken to investigate the stress-reduction effects of virtual nature studies. Methods. The study will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, while the inclusion criteria will be established through PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design). The studies will be included if based on non-clinical population; if they compare the exposure to virtual nature through 360° images, biophilic elements, VR pre-recorded videos, or immersive environment, excluding the augmented reality; if they measure the outcome in terms of objective measures (through physical parameters) or subjective measures (e.g., self-report questionnaires); and if they report quantitative outcomes, from scientific journals and indexed conference papers. The studies will be obtained through a research on Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. All the study characteristics will be summarised in a spreadsheet and a narrative synthesis including also tables will be presented. Discussion. The current manuscript aims to provide the protocol that will be used in the systematic review concerning the stress reduction effect of virtual nature. Systematic review registration. PROSPERO CRD42020213197.
An efficient method to detect communities in social networks
Authors: KHATOON MEHJABIN , BANU W AISHA 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Social networks represent the social structure, which is composed of individuals having social interactions among them. The interactions between the units in a social network represent the relations of the various social contacts and aim at finding different individuals in that network, with similar interests. It is a challenging problem to detect the social interactions between individuals with comparable considerations and desires from a large social network, which can be termed as community detection. Detection of the communities from social networks has been done by other authors previously, and many community identification algorithms were also proposed, but those communities' identification has been achieved on the online available data sets. The proposed algorithm in this paper has been named as Average Degree Newman Girvan (ADNG) algorithm, which can easily identify the communities from the real-time data sets, collected from the social network websites. The approach presented here is based on first determining the average degree of the network graph and then identifying the communities using the Newman Girvan algorithm. The proposed algorithm has been compared with four community detection algorithms, i.e., Leading eigenvector (LEC) algorithm, Fastgreedy (FG) algorithm, Leiden algorithm and Kernighan-Lin (KL) algorithm based on a few metric functions. This algorithm helps to detect communities for different domains, like for any proposed government policy, online shopping products, newly launched products in a market, etc.
Subdivision of metastatic colorectal cancer for identifying patients who benefit more from primary tumor resection
Authors: Luo Dakui , Shan Zezhi , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Simin , Cai Sanjun , Li Qingguo , Li Xinxiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are heterogeneous with distinctive clinicopathologic features and prognosis. Radical resection of primary tumor and distant metastases is associated with improved survival outcomes in metastatic CRC. The value of palliative primary tumor resection is controversial. The present study explored which subgroups benefited more from primary tumor resection in metastatic CRC.

Methods

Between 2004 and 2015, patients with metastatic CRC were identified using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression analysis were performed to identify factors associated with decreased cancer-specific mortality. The subgroups were divided based on the independent prognostic factors.

Results

Age, marital status, race, serum CEA, histologic type, differentiation, tumor location, surgery of primary or metastatic lesion, site of metastases, number of metastatic sites, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors. Patients with non-white race, normal serum CEA, non-signet ring cell carcinoma, well or moderate differentiation, surgery of metastases, isolated liver metastasis, single metastasis, receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy presented more survival benefit from primary tumor resection.

Conclusion

Subgroup of metastatic CRC optimizes decision-making and selected patients will benefit more from primary tumor resection.
Biochemical Characterization and Kinetics of Carboxylesterase Isolated from Rabbit Liver and Lung in order to Application in the Detoxification of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Rabea Entsar I. , Badawy Mohamed E.I. , El-Aswad Ahmed F. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
A carboxylesterase (CbE) or carboxylic-ester hydrolase (EC
3.1.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of carboxylesters to alcohol and
carboxylate. The objective of this study is to obtain this enzyme from liver and lung
of rabbit with a comparison between the effects of two specific substrates, α-naphthyl acetate (α-NA) and p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) on the enzymes activity.
The kinetic characteristics of the enzymes have been also investigated in details.

Methods:
CbE was obtained from rabbit liver and lung with Tris/HCl buffer (pH
7.4) extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and lyophilized.

Results:
The lyophilized enzyme appeared to be homogeneous on native polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis and its molecular mass was estimated to be 30 kDa suggesting a monomeric
structure for the obtained enzyme. The enzyme exhibited a broad activity at different pH and temperature.
The pH optimum was 7.5 and optimum temperature was 35ºC. The enzyme showed specific activities
of 1.36 and 1.04 μmol α-naphthol hydrolyzed/mg protein/min for liver and lung CbEs, respectively
using α-naphthyl acetate (α-NA). However, the specific activities of the liver and lung CbE were 0.44
and 0.23 μmol p-nitrophenol hydrolyzed/mg protein/min, respectively using p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-
NPA). The relationships between estimates of Km and Vmax calculated from the Michaelis-Menten equation
have been explored. The Km values of liver and lung CbEs were 59.28 and 28.10 μM with α-NA,
respectively however, the values were 86.39 and 90.05 μM with p-NPA. The Vmax values of liver and
lung CbEs were 2.32 and 1.05 with α-NA, respectively however, the values were 0.55 and 0.19 with p-
NPA. The enzyme showed residual activity when incubated at wide range of pesticides chlorpyrifos and
methomyl however it was totally inhibited by concentrations higher than 200 μM. The extent of the inhibition
was different, as estimated by the values of the inhibition constant Ki that were found to be 2.14
and 5.14 for chlorpyrifos and methomyl, respectively.

Conclusion:

Conclusion: This enzyme may play an important role in the detoxification of organophosphorous and
carbamate pesticides at low levels.
Transitar: cuerpo y resistencia. Una mirada micropolítica a la experiencia trans
Authors: Jaramillo Taborda Jhon Fernando 
Published: March 2021

La expresión “No hay nada más político que las tetas de una trans” evidencia una politización del cuerpo, un acto de rebeldía y resistencia al transgredir el orden establecido. Este ejercicio es guiado por el relato de una transfeminista, Ana Lu Laferal, y una mujer trans indígena, Geraldín, quienes desde sus narraciones nos ayudarán a entender: ¿Qué pasa cuando los individuos se desmarcan del ideal hegemónico heterosexual del cuerpo definido según ciertas características biológicas?, ¿es el cuerpo para las personas trans una herramienta de agenciamiento político? Todo con el fin de comprender cómo configuran la subjetividad y capacidad de agenciamiento político las personas trans, desde el empoderamiento sobre su cuerpo y a partir de este, como primer espacio de resistencia. Así mismo, una de las estrategias empleadas para mostrar la experiencia trans es el uso de un lenguaje abarcador, como apuesta para visibilizar otras formas de ser y defender el derecho al autorreconocimiento. En definitiva, se indaga por otras formas de lo político que se constituyen desde la otredad, la subjetividad, y lo individual, en las que se usa el cuerpo como medio y fin.
Blood Plasma Serotonin and von Willebrand Factor as Biomarkers of Unstable Angina Progression Toward Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tyravska Yuliya , Savchenko Oleksandr , Lizogub Viktor , Raksha Nataliia , Savchuk Olexiy 
Published: March 2021

Aim: To investigate the serotonin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) concentrations among unstable angina (UA) patients without and with progression toward myocardial infarction (outcome) and to assess the utility of both as prognostic markers of UA complications.
Materials and methods: In observational cohort study, we recruited 103 patients with ischemic heart disease (the median age 65.0 (59.0-69.0) years, 45 females (43.7%)). After full set of investigations including high sensitive Troponin I test and 28-day follow-up period, we defined three groups: Group 1 - stable angina patients (n=22) as control, Group 2 - UA patients without outcome (n=71), Group 3 - UA patients with outcome (n=10). We analyzed the blood plasma serotonin content by the ion-exchange chromatography with measurement of serotonin on fluorescence spectrophotometer. VWF concentration was determined by ELISA. We compared the concentrations of observed parameters among the groups with the Kruskal-Wallis test (with post-hoc Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni-Holm correction). We assessed binary logistic models, receiver operating characteristic curves, calculated sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) for each indicator.
Results: We registered elevation in serotonin concentration and decline in vWF concentration in Group 3 in comparison with Group 2 (22.670 (20.687-24.927) μg/ml vs 11.980 (8.120-15.000) μg/ml, p< 0.001, and 0.117 (0.109-0.120) rel.units/ml vs 0.134 (0.127-0.143) rel.units/ml, p < 0.001) and Group 1 (12.340 (10.052-13.619) μg/ml, p < 0.001, and 0.137 (0.127-0.156) rel.units/ml, p < 0.001), respectively. No significant differences in serotonin and vWF concentrations between Group 1 and Group 2 were detected (p=0.81 and p=0.36, respectively). The probability of outcome increased significantly (by 60.7% and 59.7%, LR+ 19.0 [6.0, 60.0] and 18.0 [3.9, 80.0]) if serotonin concentration was above 21.575 μg/ml (Se=80.0%, Sp=95.8%, AUC=0.975) and vWF concentration was below 0.114 rel.units/ml (Se=50.0%, Sp=97.2%, AUC=0.973), respectively.
Conclusions: Serotonin and vWF as biomarkers are demonstrated promising results for rule-in the patients with risk of short-term UA progression toward myocardial infarction.