bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex conversations in a healthcare setting: experiences from an interprofessional workshop on clinician-patient communication skills
Authors: Stephens Edward , William Leeroy , Lim Lyn-Li , Allen Judy , Zappa Bernadette , Newnham Evan , Vivekananda Kitty 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Communication is pivotal to the effective care and treatment of patients in our health care systems. Despite this understanding, clinicians are not sufficiently educated to confidently conduct complex discussions with patients. Communication skills workshops have been shown to be an effective educational format to improve clinician skills. However, despite the increasing interprofessional focus within modern medicine, there have been few studies looking at interprofessional communication workshops.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted to assess how an interprofessional communication skills workshop affected the communication skills of clinicians at a tertiary health service. Pre- and post-workshop surveys were undertaken by participants, followed by focus group interviews eight-weeks post workshop.

Results
Clinicians were able to incorporate learnt communication skills into their daily practice. This was associated with an improvement in confidence of clinicians in having complex discussions, in addition to a reduction in the burden of having complex discussions. Participants responded positively to the interdisciplinary format, reporting benefits from the learning experience that translated into daily practice.

Conclusion
Clinicians’ communication skills in conducting complex clinician-patient conversations can be improved by participation in interprofessional communication skills workshops. We identified that the interprofessional aspect of the workshops not only improved interprofessional understanding and relationships, but also developed increased self-awareness during complex discussions, and reduced the sense of burden felt by clinicians.
CircASXL1 knockdown represses the progression of colorectal cancer by downregulating GRIK3 expression by sponging miR-1205
Authors: Fang Guojiu , Wu Yibin , Zhang Xueli 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common aggressive tumor that poses a heavy burden to human health. An increasing number of studies have reported that circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in the progression of CRC. In this study, the special profiles of circASXL1 (circ_0001136) in CRC progression were revealed.

Methods
The expression of circASXL1, microRNA-1205 (miR-1205), and glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3 (GRIK3) mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression was determined by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. Cell colony-forming ability was investigated by colony formation assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were demonstrated using cell-cycle and cell-apoptosis analysis assays, respectively. Cell migration and invasion were detected by wound-healing and transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. The binding sites between miR-1205 and circASXL1 or GRIK3 were predicted by circBank or miRDB online database, and identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The impact of circASXL1 on tumor formation in vivo was investigated by in vivo tumor formation assay.

Results
CircASXL1 and GRIK3 expression were apparently upregulated, and miR-1205 expression was downregulated in CRC tissues and cells relative to control groups. CircASXL1 knockdown inhibited cell colony-forming ability, migration and invasion, whereas induced cell arrest at G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis in CRC cells; however, these effects were attenuated by miR-1205 inhibitor. Additionally, circASXL1 acted as a sponge for miR-1205, and miR-1205 was associated with GRIK3. Furthermore, circASXL1 silencing hindered tumor formation by upregulating miR-1205 and downregulating GRIK3 expression.

Conclusion
CircASXL1 acted an oncogenic role in CRC malignant progression via inducing GRIK3 through sponging miR-1205. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for studying circASXL1-directed therapy for CRC.
The downregulation of NCXs is positively correlated with the prognosis of stage II–IV colon cancer
Authors: Xia Zhixiu , Wang Changliang , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Colon cancer (CC) is a very common gastrointestinal tumor that is prone to invasion and metastasis in the late stage. This study aims to observe the expression of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) and analyze the correlation between NCXs and the prognosis of CC.

Methods
Specimens of 111 stage II–IV CC patients were collected. We used western blotting, qPCR, and immunohistochemical staining to observe the distributions and expression levels of NCX isoforms (NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3) in CC and distal normal tissues. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess prognostic factors for patients.

Results
The expression of NCXs in most tumor specimens was lower than that in normal tissues. The NCX expression levels in tumor tissues from the primary tumor, local lymph node metastasis sites, and distant liver metastasis sites were increasingly significantly lower than those in normal tissues. The results of the Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the downregulation of any NCX isoform was closely related to the worse prognosis of advanced CC.

Conclusion
NCXs can be used as independent prognostic factors for CC. Our research results are expected to provide new targets for the treatment of CC.
Study on the safety and effectiveness of drug-coated balloons in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Hao Xiaojiao , Huang Damin , Wang Zhaoxia , Zhang Jinchun , Liu Hongqiang , Lu Yingmin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Drug-coated balloon (DCB) is a new technology that has emerged in recent years and has been proven to be effective and safe in the treatment of in-stent restenosis. The purpose of this article is to observe the safety and effectiveness of drug-coated balloons in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Method
We selected 80 patients admitted to the hospital for STEMI from January 2018 to December 2019. The subjects were randomly divided into a Yinyi (Liaoning) Biotech Bingo Drug Coated Balloon treatment group (balloon group, n  = 38) and a drug-eluting stent (DES) treatment group (stent group, n  = 42). Patients were followed up to understand the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Coronary angiography was rechecked 1 year after surgery to understand the late lumen loss (LLL) in the two groups.

Result
During the one-year follow-up, the LLL of the target lesion in the balloon group was -0.12±0.46 mm, while the target lesion in the stent group was 0.14±0.37 mm ( P  <0.05). Within 1 year, the incidence of MACE in the balloon group was 11%, while the incidence of MACE in the stent group was 12%. There was no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion
When PCI is used for STEMI, only DCB therapy is safe and effective, and has shown good clinical effects during a one-year follow-up period.
Maintenance of the human memory T cell repertoire by subset and tissue site
Authors: Miron Michelle , Meng Wenzhao , Rosenfeld Aaron M. , Dvorkin Shirit , Poon Maya Meimei Li , Lam Nora , Kumar Brahma V. , Louzoun Yoram , Luning Prak Eline T. , Farber Donna L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmune-mediated protection is mediated by T cells expressing pathogen-specific T cell antigen receptors (TCR) that are maintained at diverse sites of infection as tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) or that disseminate as circulating effector-memory (TEM), central memory (TCM), or terminal effector (TEMRA) subsets in blood and tissues. The relationship between circulating and tissue resident T cell subsets in humans remains elusive, and is important for promoting site-specific protective immunity.MethodsWe analyzed the TCR repertoire of the major memory CD4+and CD8+T cell subsets (TEM, TCM, TEMRA, and TRM) isolated from blood and/or lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow) and lungs of nine organ donors, and blood of three living individuals spanning five decades of life. High-throughput sequencing of the variable (V) portion of individual TCR genes for each subset, tissue, and individual were analyzed for clonal diversity, expansion and overlap between lineage, T cell subsets, and anatomic sites. TCR repertoires were further analyzed forTRBVgene usage and CDR3 edit distance.ResultsAcross blood, lymphoid organs, and lungs, human memory, and effector CD8+T cells exhibit greater clonal expansion and distinctTRBVusage compared to CD4+T cell subsets. Extensive sharing of clones between tissues was observed for CD8+T cells; large clones specific to TEMRA cells were present in all sites, while TEM cells contained clones shared between sites and with TRM. For CD4+T cells, TEM clones exhibited the most sharing between sites, followed by TRM, while TCM clones were diverse with minimal sharing between sites and subsets. Within sites, TRM clones exhibited tissue-specific expansions, and maintained clonal diversity with age, compared to age-associated clonal expansions in circulating memory subsets. Edit distance analysis revealed tissue-specific biases in clonal similarity.ConclusionsOur results show that the human memory T cell repertoire comprises clones which persist across sites and subsets, along with clones that are more restricted to certain subsets and/or tissue sites. We also provide evidence that the tissue plays a key role in maintaining memory T cells over age, bolstering the rationale for site-specific targeting of memory reservoirs in vaccines and immunotherapies.
Performance of waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for identifying cardiometabolic risk in children: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Dou Yalan , Chen Hongyan , Zhang Yi , Chen Xiaotian , Wang Yin , Rodrigues Myanca , Yan Weili 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo provide the latest evidence of performance and robustness of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in discriminating clusters of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRs) and promote WHtR in routine primary health care practice in children, a meta-analysis was used.MethodsSearches was performed in eight databases from inception to July 03, 2020. Inclusion criteria were: (1) observational study, (2) children and adolescents, (3) provided WHtR measurements, (4) had CMRs as outcomes, and (5) diagnostic studies. Exclusion criteria were: (1) non-original articles, (2) unable to extract 2 × 2 contingency tables, (3) not in English or Chinese language, (4) populations comprising clinical patients, or (5) duplicate articles. WHtR cutoff points, 2 × 2 contingency tables were extracted from published reports. Outcomes included: CMR clusters of at least three CMRs (CMR3), two (CMR2), one (CMR1), and CMR components. Bivariate mixed-effects models were performed to estimate the summarised area under the curves (AUSROC) with 95%CIs and related indexes. We conducted subgroup analyses by sex and East Asian ethnicity.ResultsFifty-three observational studies were included. The AUSROC reached 0.91 (95%CI: 0.88–0.93), 0.85 (95%CI: 0.81, 0.88) and 0.75 (95%CI: 0.71, 0.79) for CMR3, CMR2, and CMR1, respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for CMR3reached 0.84 and exceeded 0.75 for CMR2. For CMR1, the sensitivity achieved 0.55 with 0.84 for specificity. We had similar findings for our subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsWHtR shows good and robust performance in identifying CMRs clustering across racial populations, suggesting its promising utility in public health practice globally.
Antiviral effects of ergosterol peroxide in a pig model of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) infection involves modulation of apoptosis and tight junction in the small intestine
Authors: Duan Cong , Wang Junchi , Liu Yi , Zhang Jialu , Si Jianyong , Hao Zhihui , Wang Jiufeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPorcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly discovered swine enteropathogenic coronavirus with worldwide distribution. However, efficient strategies to prevent or treat the infection remain elusive. Our in vitro study revealed that ergosterol peroxide (EP) from the mushroom Cryptoporus volvatus has efficient anti-PDCoV properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of EP as a treatment for PDCoV in vivo and elucidate the possible mechanisms. Seven-day-old piglets were infected with PDCoV by oral administration in the presence or absence of EP. Piglets infected with PDCoV were most affected, whereas administration of EP reduced diarrhea incidence, alleviated intestinal lesion, and decreased viral load in feces and tissues. EP reduced PDCoV-induced apoptosis and enhanced tight junction protein expressions in the small intestine, maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. EP showed immunomodulatory effect by suppressing PDCoV-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of IκBα and NF-κB p65, and upregulating IFN-I expression. Knockdown of p38 inhibited PDCoV replication and alleviated PDCoV-induced apoptosis, implying that EP inhibited PDCoV replication and alleviated PDCoV-induced apoptosis via p38/MAPK signaling pathway. Collectively, ergosterol peroxide can protect piglets from PDCoV, revealing the potential of EP for development as a promising strategy for treating and controlling the infection of PDCoV.
Operative temperature analysis of the honey bee Apis mellifera
Authors: Stupski Stanley D. , Schilder Rudolf J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
A key challenge for linking experiments of organisms performed in a laboratory environment to their performance in more complex environments is to determine thermal differences between a laboratory and the energetically complex terrestrial ecosystem. Studies performed in the laboratory do not account for many factors that contribute to the realized temperature of an organism in its natural environment. This can lead to modelling approaches that use experimentally derived data to erroneously link the air temperature in a laboratory to air temperatures in energetically heterogenous ecosystems. Traditional solutions to this classic problem assume that animals in an isotropic, isothermal chamber behave either as pure heterothermic ectotherms (body temperature=chamber temperature) or homeothermic endotherms (body temperature is entirely independent of chamber temperature). This approach may not be appropriate for endothermic insects which exist as an intermediate between strongly thermoregulating endotherms and purely thermoconforming species. Here, we use a heat budget modelling approach for the honey bee Apis mellifera to demonstrate that the unique physiology of endothermic insects may challenge many assumptions of traditional biophysical modelling approaches. We then demonstrate under modelled field-realistic scenarios that an experiment performed in a laboratory has the potential to both overestimate and underestimate the temperature of foraging bees when only air temperature is considered.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ДИСТАНЦИОННЫХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ И МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО ГЕОГРАФИИ
Authors: Semenov Vasiliy A. 
Published: June 2021

В статье обобщён авторский опыт применения дистанционных технологий и материалов на занятиях по дисциплине «география» во время карантинных ограничений весны 2020 г.
Цель. Данное исследование – ретрансляция методико-педагогического опыта во внешнюю среду. Предмет статьи – использование дистанционных технологий на уроках географии.
Методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образует квинтэссенция теоретических и эмпирических методов, а также анализ и синтез имеющихся информационных источников по тематике статьи.
Результаты. Отмечены позитивные и негативные стороны дистанционных форм обучения, их правовые основы. Детализирована методика использования мессенджера ZOOM, представлен материал по использованию программ, сайтов и средств интернета в образовании на удалённом доступе. Отдельно затронута проблема применения электронных библиотечных систем и электронной почты в образовательном процессе на дистанте. Обращено внимание на инклюзивные формы образования и деятельностный поход в рамках дистанта. Делается вывод о необходимости смешанного обучения, так как одни лишь дистанционные формы не обеспечивают всей полноты и эффективности учебного процесса, необходимо личное очное общение педагога с учащимися.
Область применения результатов. Информация, изложенная в статье, может быть использована педагогами и обучающимися в рамках среднего общего и профессионального образования.
Bubble optics: Leonardo’s cross revisited—Part 1, numerical methods
Authors: Selmke Markus , Lock James A. 
Published: June 2021

Around 1508, Leonardo DaVinci observed a curious image of the sun
formed by a floating bubble. Now, some 500 years later, we give a full
picture of the surprisingly rich phenomenology of the light pattern
formed below surface bubbles. Under shallow illumination, and for
shallow depths of water, the caustic deviates from the symmetrical
astroid shape obtained for larger depths and/or near-vertical
illumination. Whereas the astroid caustic involves refraction through
the outer meniscus only, more complex ray paths explain the
asymmetric, multicomponent (composite) light pattern.
Dual-axis confocal configuration for depth sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Yongping , Chang Tse-Shao , Chen Jing , Li Gaoming 
Published: June 2021

The dual-axis confocal (DAC) configuration provides a high axial resolution, long working distance (WD), and large dynamic range. These properties can reveal depth-resolved fluorescence spectra. We present a depth sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy based on the DAC configuration. The system enables high axial resolution of 3.23 µm and a long WD of 3.73 mm compared to that of 4.68 µm and 2.1 mm for comparable single-axis confocal configurations, respectively. Besides, a DAC configuration also offers a superior dynamic range and rejection of out-of-focus scattered light based on the principle of Huygens–Fresnel integrals. Additionally, to locate the target layer, the collection path of the DAC configuration will be used as the other illumination path, forming a dual-axis illumination configuration. These beam paths are used to locate the target layer using a white light imaging system with a commercial low numerical aperture objective. A multi-layer fluorescence phantom of Barrett’s esophagus containing fluorescein isothiocyanate and Alexa Fluor 514 was used to verify the principle of depth-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that the DAC configuration can collect fluorescence spectra from microscopic regions with high axial resolution.
Health and economic burden estimates of snakebite management upon health facilities in three regions of southern Burkina Faso
Authors: Ahmed Sayem , Koudou Guibehi B. , Bagot Maïwenn , Drabo François , Bougma Windtaré R. , Pulford Caisey , Bockarie Moses , Harrison Robert A. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Snakebite has become better recognized as a significant cause of death and disability in Sub-Saharan Africa, but the health economic consequences to victims and health infrastructures serving them remain poorly understood. This information gap is important as it provides an evidence-base guiding national and international health policy decision making on the most cost-effective interventions to better manage snakebite. Here, we assessed hospital-based data to estimate the health economic burden of snakebite in three regions of Burkina Faso (Centre-Ouest, Hauts Bassins and Sud-Ouest).

Methodology
Primary data of snakebite victims admitted to regional and district health facilities (eg, number of admissions, mortality, hospital bed days occupied) was collected in three regions over 17 months in 2013/14. The health burden of snakebite was assessed using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) calculations based upon hospitalisation, mortality and disability data from admitted patients amongst other inputs from secondary sources (eg, populations, life-expectancy and age-weighting constants). An activity-based costing approach to determine the direct cost of snake envenoming included unit costs of clinical staff wages, antivenom, supportive care and equipment extracted from context-relevant literature.

Findings
The 10,165 snakebite victims admitted to hospital occupied 28,164 hospital bed days over 17 months. The annual rate of hospitalisation and mortality of admitted snakebite victims was 173 and 1.39/100,000 population, respectively. The estimated annual (i) DALYs lost was 2,153 (0.52/1,000) and (ii) cost to hospitals was USD 506,413 (USD 49/hospitalisation) in these three regions of Burkina Faso. These costs appeared to be influenced by the number of patients receiving antivenom (10.90% in total) in each area (highest in Sud-Ouest) and the type of health facility.

Conclusion
The economic burden of snake envenoming is primarily shouldered by the rural health centres closest to snakebite victims–facilities that are typically least well equipped or resourced to manage this burden. Our study highlights the need for more research in other regions/countries to demonstrate the burden of snakebite and the socioeconomic benefits of its management. This evidence can guide the most cost-effective intervention from government and development partners to meet the snakebite-management needs of rural communities and their health centres.
Short report: The potential of PCR on skin flakes from bed linens for diagnosis of scabies in an outbreak
Authors: Tjon-Kon-Fat Raïssa , Peckeu Laurène , Hahné Susan , de Coster Eric , Tas Wendy , Wintermans Bas , Bergmans Anneke , Petrignani Mariska , Fanoy Ewout 
Published: June 2021

Background
Scabies outbreaks are common in nursing homes in the Netherlands. In October 2018, a local public health service (PHS) in The Hague was notified of a new scabies outbreak in a nursing home in that region. The PHS initiated an outbreak investigation. Cases were defined as: possible (reported symptoms), probable (scabies-like lesions) and confirmed (PCR or microscopy in skin flakes). Head-to-toe examinations were performed of all residents and those staff members who reported symptoms suggestive of scabies. Skin scrapings of lesions were tested either with microscopy or by PCR. Experimentally for case finding, skin flakes from bed linens of residents who reported symptoms of itchiness but did not have primary lesions were sent for PCR testing.

Principal findings
All residents (41) and 37/44 staff were included in this outbreak investigation. We identified 30 possible, four probable and six confirmed cases. The overall attack rate for probable/confirmed cases was 10/78 (13%). Of the six confirmed cases, two were confirmed by PCR, three by microscopy, and one showed positive findings with both techniques. Two out of the three bed-linen specimens were PCR-positive.

Conclusions
In this outbreak of scabies in a nursing home, PCR was used on skin flakes from bed linens, which led to the detection of two additional cases. This illustrates the potential of PCR during the investigation of scabies outbreaks.