bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of AmpG in the resistance to β-lactam agents, including cephalosporins and carbapenems: candidate for a novel antimicrobial target
Authors: D’Souza Roshan , Nguyen Le Phuong , Pinto Naina A. , Lee Hyunsook , Vu Thao Nguyen , Kim Hoyoung , Cho Hyun Soo , Yong Dongeun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
A complex cascade of genes, enzymes, and transcription factors regulates AmpC β-lactamase overexpression. We investigated the network of AmpC β-lactamase overexpression in Klebsiella aerogenes and identified the role of AmpG in resistance to β-lactam agents, including cephalosporins and carbapenems.

Methods
A transposon mutant library was created for carbapenem-resistant K. aerogenes YMC2008-M09-943034 (KE-Y1) to screen for candidates with increased susceptibility to carbapenems, which identified the susceptible mutant derivatives KE-Y3 and KE-Y6. All the strains were subjected to highly contiguous de novo assemblies using PacBio sequencing to investigate the loss of resistance due to transposon insertion. Complementation and knock-out experiments using lambda Red-mediated homologous recombinase and CRISPR–Cas9 were performed to confirm the role of gene of interest.

Results
In-depth analysis of KE-Y3 and KE-Y6 revealed the insertion of a transposon at six positions in each strain, at which truncation of the AmpG permease gene was common in both. The disruption of the AmpG permease leads to carbapenem susceptibility, which was further confirmed by complementation. We generated an AmpG permease gene knockout using lambda Red-mediated recombineering in K. aerogenes KE-Y1 and a CRISPR–Cas9-mediated gene knockout in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae-YMC/2013/D to confer carbapenem susceptibility.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that inhibition of the AmpG is a potential strategy to increase the efficacy of β-lactam agents against Klebsiella aerogenes.
Dupilumab elicits a favorable response in type-2 inflammatory comorbidities of severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Nettis Eustachio , Masciopinto Lucia , Di Leo Elisabetta , De Candia Nicola , Albanesi Marcello , Di Bona Danilo , Quaranta Nicola , Macchia Luigi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
This case is the first report describing rapid, successful treatment of severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and comorbid type-2 inflammatory diseases in the same patient, with dupilumab treatment, with no side-effects.

Case presentation
We report on effects of dupilumab in a patient with severe AD, a long-standing history of a mild, perennial allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, moderate asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Conclusions
Patients suffering from AD, asthma, allergic rhinitis and CRSwNP may be eligible for dupilumab single treatment that is possibly advantageous also from the pharmaco-economic standpoint.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of risk terrain modelling (RTM) as a spatial forecasting method
Authors: Marchment Zoe , Gill Paul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Several studies have tested the reliability of Risk Terrain Modelling (RTM) by focusing on different geographical contexts and types of crime or events. However, to date, there has been no attempt to systematically review the evidence on whether RTM is effective at predicting areas at high risk of events. This paper reviews RTM’s efficacy as a spatial forecasting method.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the RTM literature. We aggregated the available data from a sample of studies that measure predictive accuracy and conducted a proportion meta-analysis on studies with appropriate data.

Results
In total, we found 25 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The systematic review demonstrated that RTM has been successful in identifying at risk places for acquisitive crimes, violent crimes, child maltreatment, terrorism, drug related crimes and driving while intoxicated (DWI). The proportion meta-analysis indicated that almost half of future cases in the studies analysed were captured in the top ten per cent of risk cells. This typically covers a very small portion of the full study area.

Conclusions
The study demonstrates that RTM is an effective forecasting method that can be applied to identify places at greatest risk of an event and can be a useful tool in guiding targeted responses to crime problems.
Geotechnical modelling of the climate change impact on world heritage properties in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Hemeda Sayed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Alexandria is one of the Mediterranean UNESCO World Heritage sites at risk from coastal flooding and erosion due to sea-level rise. The city’s position on the Mediterranean coast means it is especially vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is one of UNESCO sites in Egypt at risk from flooding. All the archaeological sites in the northern coast of Egypt are also said to be at risk from coastal erosion. The flood risk in Alexandria is expected to reach a tipping point by 2050. This research presents the numerical analysis of geotechnical and structural damage mechanism of Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa and El-Shatbi Necropolis; the sites have the lowest topography in Alexandria induced by the sea level rise and heavy rain due to the Climate Change, based on Finite Element PLAXIS Code. The purpose of the study was to investigate the behavior fully-saturated soft rock/ hard soil subjected to ground water intrusions. The main objective of this study is to very accurately record and analyze geotechnical problems and induced structural failure mechanisms that have been observed and accounted for in field, experimental and Numerical studies. The land area is also vulnerable to coastal flooding. It is widely expected that the numerical analysis of such geotechnical problems will contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage. The present research presents an attempt and experimental study to design a PLAXIS 2D FE model to simulate hard soil/hard rock problems, distortion and stress analysis of the complex structure of the catacombs. Plastic modeling or Mohr—Coulomb model was used in advanced soils during various stages of numerical analysis. Results are recorded and discussed regarding stress and volumetric behavior of soil/rocks. Groundwater infiltration into pores or fissures of rock and soil has a great influence on the engineering mechanical properties of rocks and soils.
Quantitative measurement of toxic metals and assessment of health risk in agricultural products food from Markazi Province of Iran
Authors: Karimi Fereshteh , Shariatifar Nabi , Rezaei Mohammad , Alikord Mahsa , Arabameri Majid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current study aims to investigate the levels of the toxic metal in agricultural products (legumes, wheat, and potato) collected in Markazi province, Iran, and human health risk by using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The levels of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in all samples were lower than the limit of detection (LOD), while the level of Cd in potato samples was lower than the maximum permisible level (MPL) of the European commission (EC). The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment by direct ingestion of agricultural products was calculated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method. The highest mean of toxic metals was observed for lead (Pb) in legume samples (562.17 μg kg− 1). Mercury (Hg) and Pb levels in all samples were higher than LOD, while Pb level in wheat samples were lower than of EC. The rank order of Hg and Pb levels in all samples based on target hazard quotient (THQ) value was wheat> potato>legume. The THQ index of Hg and Pb by the deterministic method in wheat was 1.37 and 0.454; in potato 0.139 and 0.104; in legume 0.092 and 0.41, respectively. The carcinogenic risk index was at an acceptable range. The high hazard index values were estimated and the THQ index for Hg in wheat suggests a non-negligible health risk.
Risk of suicide among U.S. veterans who deployed as part of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn
Authors: Bullman Tim , Schneiderman Aaron 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
There has been concern about the risk of suicide among veterans returning from deployment to Afghanistan and Iraq as part of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND). This study assessed suicide risk among OEF/OIF/OND veterans by gender and unit component. Firearm related suicide was also briefly examined.

Findings
The study cohort was identified from records of the US Department of Defense. Vital status and cause of death through 2016 was obtained from the Mortality Data Repository, which obtains data from the National Death Index. Suicide risk was first assessed using standardized mortality ratios (SMR)s, comparing the rate of suicide among all veterans, both collectively and separately by gender and unit component (active vs. reserve/National Guard) to the expected based on the US population adjusted for age, race, sex, and calendar year. Risk of suicide among active duty compared to reserve/National Guard veterans and male compared to female veterans was assessed with hazard ratios (HR) s, generated by Cox proportional hazards models, that included the covariates race, age, marital status, rank, and branch of service. There was an increased risk of suicide when all OEF/OIF/OND Veterans were compared to the US population, (SMR = 1.42; 95%, C.I., 1.38,1.46). Both male and female veterans had an increased risk of suicide when compared to their gender specific non-veteran counterparts, (SMR = 1.40; 95%, C.I., 1.36,1.45 and SMR = 1.85; 95%, C.I., 1.60,2.13), respectively. Active duty veterans had an increased risk of suicide compared to reserve/National Guard veterans, (HR = 1.22; 95%, C.I., 1.14,1.30). Male veterans had an almost 3-fold increased risk compared to female veterans, (HR = 2.85; 95%, C.I., 2.47,3.29). Among all veteran suicides 68.3% involved a firearm, including 68.7% among males and 59.5% among females.

Conclusions
All OEF/OIF/OND veterans have an increased risk of suicide compared to non-veterans. Veterans will benefit from enhanced access to mental health services and initiatives to promote suicide prevention. Strategies that emphasize lethal means safety, an evidence based suicide prevention strategy which includes increasing safe storage practices (i.e., storing firearms unloaded and locked) can help address this increased risk of veteran suicide.
Network analysis of potential risk genes for psoriasis
Authors: Wang Huilin , Chen Wenjun , He Jin , Xu Wenjuan , Liu Jiangwei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Psoriasis is a complex chronic inflammatory skin disease. The aim of this study was to analyze potential risk genes and molecular mechanisms associated with psoriasis.

Methods
GSE54456, GSE114286, and GSE121212 were collected from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between psoriasis and controls were screened respectively in three datasets and common DEGs were obtained. The biological role of common DEGs were identified by enrichment analysis. Hub genes were identified using protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and their risk for psoriasis was evaluated through logistic regression analysis. Moreover, differentially methylated positions (DMPs) between psoriasis and controls were obtained in the GSE115797 dataset. Methylation markers were identified after comparison with the common genes.

Results
A total of 118 common DEGs were identified, which were mainly involved in keratinocyte differentiation and IL-17 signaling pathway. Through PPI network, we identified top 10 degrees as hub genes. Among them, high expression of CXCL9 and SPRR1B may be risk factors for psoriasis. In addition, we selected 10 methylation-modified genes with the higher area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value as methylation markers. Nomogram showed that TGM6 and S100A9 may be associated with an increased risk of psoriasis.

Conclusion
This suggests that immune and inflammatory responses are active in keratinocytes of psoriatic skin. CXCL9, SPRR1B, TGM6 and S100A9 may be potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis.
SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity and Seroconversion in Patients Undergoing Active Cancer-Directed Therapy
Authors: Sun Lova , Surya Sanjna , Goodman Noah G. , Le Anh N. , Kelly Gregory , Owoyemi Olutosin , Desai Heena , Zheng Cathy , DeLuca Shannon , Good Madeline L. , Hussain Jasmin , Jeffries Seth D. , Kry Yolanda R. , Kugler Emily M. , Mansour Maikel , Ndicu John , Osei-Akoto AnnaClaire , Prior Timothy , Pundock Stacy L. , Varughese Lisa A. , Weaver JoEllen , Doucette Abigail , Dudek Scott , Verma Shefali Setia , Gouma Sigrid , Weirick Madison E. , McAllister Christopher M. , Bange Erin , Gabriel Peter , Ritchie Marylyn , Rader Daniel J. , Vonderheide Robert H. , Schuchter Lynn M. , Verma Anurag , Maillard Ivan , Mamtani Ronac , Hensley Scott E. , Gross Robert , Wileyto E. Paul , Huang Alexander C. , Maxwell Kara N. , DeMichele Angela 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE:Multiple studies have demonstrated the negative impact of cancer care delays during the COVID-19 pandemic, and transmission mitigation techniques are imperative for continued cancer care delivery. We aimed to gauge the effectiveness of these measures at the University of Pennsylvania.METHODS:We conducted a longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity and seroconversion in patients presenting to infusion centers for cancer-directed therapy between May 21, 2020, and October 8, 2020. Participants completed questionnaires and had up to five serial blood collections.RESULTS:Of 124 enrolled patients, only two (1.6%) had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on initial blood draw, and no initially seronegative patients developed newly detectable antibodies on subsequent blood draw(s), corresponding to a seroconversion rate of 0% (95% CI, 0.0 TO 4.1%) over 14.8 person-years of follow up, with a median of 13 health care visits per patient.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that patients with cancer receiving in-person care at a facility with aggressive mitigation efforts have an extremely low likelihood of COVID-19 infection.
A Truly Invisible Hand
Authors: Palacios Carlos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Critical theory has long resisted the notion that an “invisible hand” can operate within the real social dynamics of a free market. But despite the most radical desires of the socially critical imagination, the optimization of that “spontaneous order” or depersonalized way of ordering things known as “the economy” has become the dominant playing field and decisive electoral issue of modern politics. Within this broad contemporary context, Michel Foucault made a strange theoretical intervention that, to this day, continues to baffle readers. During a lecture, he argued that Adam Smith's invisible hand was, after all, truly and purposively, that is, for technical rather than ideological reasons, “invisible.” This article argues that there is a counter-positivism or tactical irony contained within the logic of such a controversial thesis; namely, that when one acknowledges that the principle of economic competition encourages an efficient self-organizing effect at all times, regardless of context, one is also immediately in a position to appreciate why the art of government should always maintain its political primacy over the spontaneous order of the market.
Personality Traits and Physical Activity: Helping Exercise Professionals Maximize Client Outcomes
Authors: Newsome A’Naja , Kilpatrick Marcus , Mastrofini Gianna , Wilson Kathryn 
Published: June 2021

Apply It
• Understand the relationship between personality traits and exercise behaviors
• Integrate personality scales as meaningful tools for client goal setting and exercise programming
• Identify strategies for using personality traits to increase client performance
Impact of a mobile decision support tool on antimicrobial stewardship indicators in St. John’s, Canada
Authors: Doyle Daniel , McDonald Gerald , Pratt Claire , Rehan Zahra , Benteau Tammy , Phillips Jennifer , Daley Peter 
Published: June 2021

Objectives
Inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to antimicrobial resistance. The SpectrumTM app provides antibiotic decision support, based on local antimicrobial resistance rates. We determined the impact of regional implementation of the app on inpatient antimicrobial appropriateness, inpatient antimicrobial usage (AMU), population-based Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) rates and cost, using a retrospective, before and after quasi-experimental design, including a one-year study period.

Methods
The SpectrumTM app was released to prescribers in February, 2019. We performed two one-day inpatient point prevalence surveys using the National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey tool, six months before (June 25, 2018) and six months after (June 25, 2019) app dissemination. Inpatient AMU in Defined Daily Dose/1000 patient days and CDI incidence were compared, before and after app dissemination.

Results
The pre-survey included 184 prescriptions, and the post-survey included 197 prescriptions. Appropriateness was 97/176 (55.1%) pre, and 126/192 (65.6%) post (+10.5%, p = 0.051). Inpatient AMU declined by 6.6 DDD/1000 patient days per month, and CDI declined by 0.3 cases per month. Cost savings associated with reduced AMU were $403.98/bed/year and associated with reduced CDI were $82,078/year.

Conclusion
We observed improvement in antimicrobial stewardship indicators following SpectrumTM implementation. We cannot determine the cause of these improvements.
Right bundle branch block is not associated with worse short- and mid-term outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Weferling Maren , Liebetrau Christoph , Renker Matthias , Fischer-Rasokat Ulrich , Choi Yeoung-Hoon , Hamm Christian W. , Kim Won-Keun 
Published: June 2021

Background
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the standard treatment option for patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) at intermediate or high surgical risk. Preexisting right bundle branch block (RBBB) is a strong predictor of new pacemaker implantation (PPM) after TAVI, and previous data indicate a worse short- and long-term outcome of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether preexisting RBBB has an effect on the short- and mid-term outcome of patients undergoing TAVI in a German high-volume TAVI center.

Methods
For the present retrospective analysis, a total of 1,891 patients with native severe AS with successful TAVI without preexisting PPM were included. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality after 30 days and 12 months. Baseline RBBB was present in 190 (10.1%) of cases.

Results
Patients with preexisting RBBB had a considerably higher rate of new PPM after TAVI compared with patients without RBBB (87/190 [45.8%] vs. 219/1,701 [12.9%]; p<0.001). RBBB had no impact on all-cause mortality at 30 days (2.1% vs. 2.7%; p = 0.625) and at 12 months (14.4% vs. 13.6%; p = 0.765). Further stratification according to the presence of new PPM showed a difference in mid-term survival rates between the four groups, with the worst outcome for patients without RBBB and new PPM (log rank p = 0.024). However, no difference in mid-term cardiovascular survival was found.

Conclusion
Preexisting RBBB is a common finding in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI and is associated with considerably higher PPM rates but not with worse short- and mid-term outcome.
Evaluation of the works carried out by the Directorate of Disaster and Emergency Management (AFAD) in the Syrian crisis in the context of humanitarian diplomacy activities that Turkey prioritizes in foreign policy
Authors: Bozkurt Önder 
Published: June 2021

The concept of soft power and cultural diplomacy with assessing humanitarian diplomacy activities has been seen as the primary motivation in Turkey’s international relations studies, especially in the last 20 years. In this study, in the Syrian crisis that has left its 10th year behind, activities carried out both in and outside of Turkey’s boundaries were discussed in the context of humanitarian diplomacy and the subject was evaluated in all aspects. In the study, which consists of two main parts, firstly; the concept of humanitarian diplomacy, which symbolizes one of the last stages of public diplomacy, was mentioned. In the second part of the study, in the context of the management of the migration phenomenon in the Syrian crisis studies conducted with public institutions and non-governmental organizations under the coordination of AFAD Presidency were determined. In the conclusion part of the study, all kinds of crises beyond Turkey’s borders besides ensuring its security, evaluations have been made on the benefits and contributions of the countries in the region, Europe and world peace.

Özet
Kültürel ve yumuşak güç kavramları ile birlikte değerlendirilen insani diplomasi faaliyetlerinin, Türkiye’nin uluslararası ilişkilerde özellikle son 20 yılda ortaya koyduğu çalışmalarda temel motivasyon kaynağı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 10. yılını geride bırakan Suriye krizinde, Türkiye’nin hem sınırları içinde hem de sınırları dışında yürüttüğü faaliyetler insani diplomasi bağlamında ele alınmış ve konu tüm yönleriyle değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. İki ana bölümden oluşan çalışmada öncelikle; kamu diplomasisinin geldiği son aşamalardan birini sembolize eden insani diplomasi kavramı ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, Suriye krizinde meydana gelen göç olgusunun yönetimi bağlamında AFAD Başkanlığının koordinesinde kamu kurumları ve sivil kuruluşlar ile birlikte yapılan çalışmalara değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde ise Türkiye’nin sınırları ötesinde yaşanan her türlü krizde, sadece kendi güvenliğini sağlamanın ötesinde bölge ülkeleri, Avrupa ve dünya barışına olan fayda ve katkıları konusunda değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Reasons Why Geomagnetic Field Generation is Physically Impossible in Earth’s Fluid Core
Authors: Herndon J. Marvin 
Published: June 2021

Despite the importance for understanding the nature of the geomagnetic field, and especially its potential for radically disrupting modern civilization [1], virtually all scientific publications relating to it are based upon the false assumption that the geomagnetic field is generated in the Earth’s fluid core. By adhering to an outmoded paradigm, members of the geoscience community have potentially exposed humanity to globally devastating risks, leaving it unprepared for an inevitable geomagnetic field collapse.
There is no scientific reason to believe that the geomagnetic field is generated within the fluid core. Convection is physically impossible in the fluid core due to its compression by the weight above and its inability to sustain an adverse temperature gradient. There is no evidence of ongoing inner core growth to provide energy to drive thermal convection or to cause compositional convection. Moreover, there is no mechanism to account for magnetic reversals and no means for magnetic seed-field production within the fluid core to initiate dynamo amplification.
Earth’s nuclear georeactor, seat of the geomagnetic field, has none of the problems inherent in putative fluid-core geomagnetic field production. With a mass of about one ten-millionth that of the fluid core, georeactor sub-shell convection can potentially be disrupted by great planetary trauma, such as an asteroid impact, or by major solar outbursts or even by human activities, for example, by deliberate electromagnetic disturbance of the near-Earth environment, including the Van Allen belts. Furthermore, sub-shell convection disruption might trigger surface geophysical disasters, such as super-volcano eruptions [2-4].
Scientists have a fundamental responsibility to tell the truth and to provide scientific understanding that benefits humanity.