bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Early Clustering of Impact-induced Ejecta Particles Based on Laboratory and Numerical Experiments
Authors: Nakazawa Kanon , Okuzumi Satoshi , Kurosawa Kosuke , Hasegawa Sunao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A projectile impact onto a granular target produces an ejecta curtain with heterogeneous material distribution. Understanding how the heterogeneous pattern forms is potentially important for understanding how crater rays form. Previous studies predicted that the pattern formation is induced by inelastic collisions of ejecta particles in early stages of crater formation and terminated by the ejecta’s expanding motion. In this study, we test this prediction based on a hypervelocity impact experiment together with N-body simulations where the trajectories of inelastically colliding granular particles are calculated. Our laboratory experiment suggests that pattern formation is already completed on a timescale comparable to the geometrical expansion of the ejecta curtain, which is ∼10 μs in our experiment. Our simulations confirm the previous prediction that the heterogeneous pattern grows through initial inelastic collisions of particle clusters and subsequent geometric expansion with no further cluster collisions. Furthermore, to better understand the two-stage evolution of the mesh pattern, we construct a simple analytical model that assumes perfect coalescence of particle clusters upon collision. The model shows that the pattern formation is completed on the timescale of the system’s expansion independently of the initial conditions. The model also reproduces the final size of the clusters observed in our simulations as a function of the initial conditions. It is known that particles in the target are ejected at lower speeds with increased distance to the impact point. The difference in the ejection speed of the particles may result in the evolution of the mesh pattern into rays.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in protected environmental areas in the Eastern Amazon: the case of São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil
Authors: De Oliveira Rafael Aleixo Coelho , Miranda Claudia do Socorro Carvalho , Guedes Juan Andrade , Filgueiras TainaraCarvalho Garcia Miranda , Bichara Cléa Nazaré Carneiro , Araújo Marília de Souza , Martins Claudia Nazaré de Souza Almeida Titan , Nunes Erica Feio Carneiro , Cabeça Ana Lydia Lédo de Castro Ribeiro , De Rezende Manoel Antonio Costa , Noguchi Selma Kazumi da Trindade , Gonçalves Nelson Veiga 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted to men and animals by infected female phlebotomine sandflies and is considered a great environmental and public health problem in the Amazon region. Thus, the study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of this disease in São Félix do Xingu, in the state of Pará, Brazil, and its relationship with epidemiological and environmental variables, in the period from 2012 to 2016.
Methodology: The data used were from the Information System of the Pará State Secretariat of Health, the National Institute for Space Research and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The statistical and spatial analysis of the variables were done using non-parametric chi-square statistical test, kernel interpolation technique and the Bivariate Global Moran Index.
Results: The municipality had 183 confirmed cases, non-homogeneously distributed in 5 administrative districts. The individuals most affected were adult males with brown skin, an elementary level of education and rural area residents. In the case series, a direct relationship was observed between the increase of the number of cases and deforestation in the study area. The spatial analysis showed different types of land use and cover related to case clusters in the municipality. Additionally, there was a presence of cases in protected areas and a great epidemiological silence in indigenous lands.
Conclusions: Thus, this disease is a large and complex public health problem in the municipality, related to social and environmental risk factors.
Assessment of pathomorphological characteristics of the oral mucosa in patients with HBV, HCV and HIV
Authors: Azatyan Vahe , Yessayan Lazar , Khachatryan Anna , Perikhanyan Anush , Hovhannisyan Alvard , Shmavonyan Melanya , Ghazinyan Hasmik , Gish Robert , Melik-Andreasyan Gayane , Porksheyan Kristina 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Oral clinical manifestations in HBV HCV and HIV patients indicate a deterioration in general health status. The aim of the study was to assess pathomorphologic features of oral mucosa observed in patients with these diseases.
Methodology: The study was conducted in N1 Dental Clinic of YSMU after M. Heratsi. The total number of patients taking part in the research was 120, including HBV (n = 40), HCV (n = 40) and HIV (n = 40). After biopsy and subsequent histological examination of the oral mucosa, statistical analysis was carried out using Excel 2013 and R software.
Results: Pathomorphological examination revealed inflammatory infiltrations in all samples collected from HBV, HCV and HIV patients. These changes included microcirculatory disorders in 98.3% of samples: fibrinous-like deposits lining the surface of erosions and ulcers on the oral mucosa (1.67%), fibrosis of the mucous membrane (70%), dystrophy of squamous epithelium (93.3%) and bone sequestration (3.3%). Comparative analysis of pathomorphological characteristics revealed distinct content of infiltrates: lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in patients with HBV and HCV, while HIV patients showed neutrophils infiltration and lack of plasmocytes.
Conclusions: There are common abnormal morphological changes in the oral mucosa typical of all patients with HBV, HCV and HIV, as well as liver diseases specific to each of them. Inflammation in the patients with HIV indicated impairment of the humoral immune system. Understanding the distinct characteristic of inflammation in the oral cavity could be useful for early differential diagnosis and management of patients with HIV, HBV and HCV.
Vascular plant occurrences in grasslands of Central Forest Nature Reserve (Russia): a dataset
Authors: Cherednichenko Oxana , Gavrilova Tatiana 
Published: December 2021

Here we present the sampling event dataset that contributes to studying the flora of grasslands in Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve (part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves), Tver Oblast, Russia. The Reserve is located in the SW part of the Valdai Upland within the main Caspian-Baltic watershed of the Russian plain (Latitude: 56° 26' – 56° 39' N, Longitude: 32° 29' – 33° 01' E). The territory of Central Forest Reserve belongs to the subzone of subtaiga.
The dataset includes the occurrences of vascular plant species in four types of grasslands from 209 vegetation plots (8,506 associated occurrences), collected in 2013-2014. The dataset described in this paper has never been published before.
As the grasslands in Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve are relatively unstudied, we are providing a new comprehensive dataset on the vascular plant species occurrences in the grasslands of the Reserve. The dataset contains representative information on floristic composition of plant communities in localities with assigned GPS coordinates. As the vegetation of the Reserve is typical of the subtaiga subzone, the results of analysing this dataset can be useful for grassland management in the whole subtaiga subzone.
During this study, we found one vascular plant species included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, three species from the Red Data Book of Tver Oblast, as well as 10 alien vascular plant species for the Reserve. These data, especially, the occurrences of protected and alien species, contribute to our knowledge of species composition of the grasslands of the Reserve.
Concilier res publica et personnalisation du pouvoir dans les années 50 avant J.-C. ? La pensée cicéronienne au service du politique
Authors: Kennedy Jérôme 
Published: December 2021

En retrait de la vie politique active dans les années 50 avant J.-C., Cicéron s’interroge sur ce qu’est le meilleur gouvernement, ainsi que sur le citoyen par excellence. Cette réflexion est le fruit d’une préoccupation : la res publica romaine est un régime selon lui équilibré, fondé sur la collégialité, l’autorité sénatoriale, le respect des lois, et qu’il convient donc de protéger de toute forme de personnalisation du pouvoir. Toute sa démarche réside donc dans la volonté de subordonner une telle tentation, alors vive, à cette définition conservatrice de la res publica romaine.
Auguste et la res publica : les implications pratiques d’une restauration
Authors: Le Doze Philippe 
Published: December 2021

La restauration de la res publica par Auguste ne fut pas un leurre, et c’est à tort que l’on parle de « monarchie à façade républicaine ». Cette restauration fut étroitement liée à la référence au SPQR qui permit de distinguer le Principat de la tyrannie. Elle est en revanche à dissocier de la création du régime, de nature monarchique plus que monarchique à proprement parler, quand bien même en conditionna-t-elle les contours. Enfin, la restauration de la res publica influa sur les modalités de la succession : au légitimisme dynastique, on préféra alors l’hérédité conditionnée.
La sexualité atypique, entre spectacle et excès
Authors: Eiguer Alberto 
Published: December 2021

Au préalable, l’auteur définit la sexualité atypique. Est-ce la sexualité des LGBTQIAP ? Une variante de perversion sexuelle ? Ou des sexualités extrêmes ? Ce serait plutôt une sexualité affranchie de limites et d’attachement, sans véritable sensualité. Elle est égocentrée, exclusivement portée vers l’impériosité de l’excitation et l’urgence de la décharge, cherchant à se dispenser des satisfactions du lien (tendresse, entraînement réciproque vers un plaisir grandissant). La sexualité atypique est performative et inauthentique, le but étant d’étouffer le désir redouté ainsi que son mystère. L’auteur se propose d’étudier cette réalité humaine : quel rapport entre jouissance sexuelle et attachement ? Quelle place et quelle fonction la tendresse a-t-elle dans le lien ? Dans quelle mesure les sexualités atypiques contemporaines conduisent-elles à repositionner toute sexualité ? Deux illustrations cliniques sont proposées.
Importer des pratiques alternatives dans une classe « ordinaire » : entre ruptures et continuités. Étude d’activités d’inspiration montessorienne dans une classe de maternelle
Authors: Richard-Bossez Ariane 
Published: December 2021

Dans un contexte de forte diffusion de la pédagogie inspirée de Maria Montessori au sein de l’école maternelle publique française, cet article propose d’interroger ce qui peut se jouer quand des enseignants ordinaires importent dans leurs classes des pratiques alternatives. Il s’appuie sur l’analyse de deux enquêtes de terrain : l’une réalisée en 2016 dans une classe de grande section de maternelle située en REP + mettant en œuvre des pratiques d’inspiration montessorienne ; l’autre en 2010-2011 dans six autres classes de grande section aux pratiques plus conventionnelles et analysant les processus de construction des apprentissages à l’œuvre. Deux parties sont développées. La première revient sur la manière dont l’enseignante observée se saisit de la pédagogie Montessori, aussi bien du point de vue des intentions qu’elle se donne que de sa mise en œuvre concrète dans la classe. La seconde s’intéresse à l’appropriation de ces pratiques par les élèves en questionnant ce que cela produit en termes d’apprentissages. De manière transversale, il s’agit d’interroger les continuités et les ruptures entre pratiques pédagogiques alternatives et pratiques ordinaires.
Les « écoles démocratiques » : traductions d’un idéal de liberté en contexte scolaire
Authors: Legavre Amélia 
Published: December 2021

Les références à la « liberté » sont au cœur des discours des écoles démocratiques. Lorsqu’un même idéal fédère des acteurs de terrain, il convient de s’interroger sur les réalités auxquelles celui-ci donne lieu. Cet article interroge ainsi la traduction de l’idéal commun de liberté pour les élèves. Le croisement des données d’observations au sein de deux écoles démocratiques, d’entretiens auprès de dix encadrants d’écoles et de réponses d’encadrants à deux questionnaires nous permet de faire apparaître les convergences et divergences de pratiques entre les partisans de la liberté à l’école. Une première partie met ainsi en évidence la convergence des encadrants sur la valorisation de la liberté des élèves, tandis qu’une seconde partie souligne les variations entre les écoles à propos de l’étendue des interventions possibles de la part des adultes. Nous distinguons à cette fin deux types d’écoles : « type mixte » et « type Sudbury ». Une troisième partie évoque les limites institutionnelles de l’idéal de liberté, l’environnement scolaire induisant une organisation qui transmet de fait certains comportements et compétences, ainsi qu’un certain rapport aux règles et aux savoirs.
Prendre la sédentarité juvénile à bras-le-corps à l’école alternative publique Le Vitrail à Montréal. Un témoignage de la culture de réflexivité et d’audace des écoles « différentes »
Authors: Chaubet Philippe 
Published: December 2021

La sédentarité et l’inactivité physique sont une pandémie contemporaine. Les écoles « différentes, alternatives, expérimentales, innovantes » pourraient inspirer des solutions. Leur culture de réflexivité et leurs postures semblent les placer en bonne position pour affronter des situations ardues de ce type. Pour construire cette hypothèse, nous partons du cas d’une école alternative publique du Québec qui se bat contre la sédentarité.
IFN-γ Induces IL-15 Trans-Presentation by Epithelial Cells via IRF1
Authors: Kim Tae-Shin , Rha Min-Seok , Shin Eui-Cheol 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
IL-15 exhibits pleiotropic effects on NK and CD8+ T cells and contributes to host protection or immunopathology during infection. Although both type I IFNs and IFN-γ upregulate IL-15 expression, their effects on IL-15 upregulation and underlying mechanisms have not been compared comprehensively. In addition, little is known about trans-presentation of IL-15 by epithelial cells to lymphocytes. In this study, we analyzed the expression of IL-15 and IL-15Rα in the human hepatocyte-derived Huh-7 cell line after stimulation with IFN-α, IFN-β, or IFN-γ using RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. We also performed knockdown experiments to investigate the signaling pathway involved in IL-15 upregulation. IFN-γ more potently upregulated IL-15 expression in Huh-7 cells than IFN-α and IFN-β. Knockdown experiments revealed that IFN-γ– and IFN-β–induced IL-15 expression relied on IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), which is upregulated by STAT1 and IFN-stimulated gene factor 3, respectively. Inhibitor of κB kinase α/β was also involved in IFN-γ–induced upregulation of IL-15. Furthermore, human NK cells were activated by coculture with IFN-γ–treated Huh-7 cells, which was abrogated by knocking down IL-15Rα in IFN-γ–treated Huh-7 cells, indicating that IFN-γ–induced IL-15 on Huh-7 cells activates NK cells via trans-presentation. In summary, our data demonstrate that IFN-γ potently elicits IL-15 trans-presentation by epithelial cells via IRF1. These data also suggest that the IFN-γ–IRF1–IL-15 axis may be a regulatory target for the treatment of diseases with IL-15 dysregulation.
Complicated Littre hernias
Authors: Matias Mariana Rita Afonso , Kronberga Madara , Aghahoseini Assad 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most prevalent congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract with an estimated prevalence ranging from 2% to 4%. The diverticulum is a remnant of the vitelline duct, which leads to the formation of a true diverticulum containing all the layers of the small intestine. The condition is usually clinically silent; however, it can present with unusual symptoms and signs and therefore can result in a delayed diagnosis, particularly in adults. The aim of this study is to review the most updated literature reporting Littre hernias (LHs) in adults, the diagnostic approach, and its subsequent management. This is a literature review, complemented by an unusual clinical case of an adult who presented with a complicated umbilical LH which required emergency surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Literature reviews using PubMed, Web of Science, and other reliable sources use the possible combinations of the following keywords: Meckel's diverticulum, Littre hernia, umbilical hernia, adults, complications, surgical treatment.

RESULTS:
The herniation of an MD through a potential opening in the abdominal wall is defined as an LH, representing a rare complication of the diverticula. Due to their rarity, they remain underdiagnosed, often leading to suboptimal treatment with substantial morbidity and mortality.

CONCLUSION:
An MD, despite being a rare clinical entity in adults, can theoretically be found in any hernia, with patients experiencing a wide range of potential complications.
Chronic groin pain in young sportsmen
Authors: Santilli Osvaldo , Ostolaza Marco , Santilli Hernan , Nardelli Nicolas , Etchepare Hernan , Scaravonati Rodolfo , Estevez Mara , Rolon Alejandro , Pascual Tomas , Siedi Alvaro , Dauccia Ricardo Munafo , Perea Agustin 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Chronic groin pain (CGP) is a syndrome characterized by pain in the pubic and inguinal-crural regions, resulting in a functional deficit that can lead to severe impairment of different motor tasks.

Objective:
The main objective of this study is to describe and analyze an algorithm used for the assessment and treatment of chronic groin pain in young sportsmen used for 10 years.

Methods:
Descriptive, observational, and retrospective study, adapted with recommendations of the STROBE Declaration (Strengthening Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) for its design. The study was carried out at an Hernia Pathology Center. It is a multidisciplinary team formed by surgeons, physiotherapists, orthopedists, and imaging specialists, with extensive experience in the research field. This team had developed an assessment, diagnosis, and treatment algorithm for CGP which was implemented for more than 15 years.

Results:
After clinical examination and complementary imaging, 3,858 patients were included to follow the algorithm. A total of 3,289 patients completed the sports physiotherapy and rehabilitation protocol. The most frequent clinical entities registered were tendinopathies: 1,649 iliopsoas-pectineus-related groin pain (42.7%) and 1,522 adductor-related groin pain (39.5%). A total of 569 patients with sportsman's hernia diagnosis required surgical intervention. There were no intraoperative complications; furthermore, all patients discharging after 6 hours of hospital stay.

Conclusions:
The assessment, diagnosis, and treatment algorithm used by a multidisciplinary team to treat patients with chronic groin pain has proven to be safe and successful.
Preoperative exercise therapy preventing postoperative complications following complex abdominal wall reconstruction
Authors: Berkvens Elske H. M. , Wegdam Johannes A. , Visser Rhijn J. A. , Bouvy Nicole D. , Nienhuijs Simon W. , de Vries Reilingh Tammo S. 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE:
The population undergoing complex abdominal wall reconstructions (CAWR) tends to have significant associated, multiple comorbidities, complicating the recovery of a reconstruction. Undergoing CAWR exposes these patients to a risk for respiratory complications, which is common after CAWR. These complications are associated with an increased surgical morbidity and mortality, prolonged length of hospital stay (LOHS), an additional cost burden, and decrease in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Improving the physical capacity before CAWR, by preoperative exercise therapy (PexT), is likely to give a better recovery and lower complication rate. In this study, we will survey the feasibility of PexT in patients undergoing a CAWR. Outcome measures will be added to demonstrate a possible effect of PexT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A feasibility study was performed. The intervention consisted of a 3-month lasting exercise program consisting of cardiovascular, strength, and respiratory muscle training under direct supervision of a physiotherapist. The primary outcome was feasibility, defined as the occurrence of adverse events and the possibility to perform more than 80% of the intervention. The secondary outcomes were the physical capacity, HRQoL, the amount of pulmonary complications, and the LOHS. Physical capacity was measured with a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) before and after the intervention and after surgery.

RESULTS:
Nine males and two females were included with a median age of 59 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 51–71] and a median body mass index of 31.6 kg/m2 (95% CI 28.1–36.7). The median width of the ventral hernia was 16.0 cm (95% CI 15.0–23.0). No adverse events occurred and all patients could complete the intervention. Both physical capacity and HRQoL improved after the intervention. All patients had a successful reconstruction with fascial closure.

CONCLUSION:
Intensive PExT is feasible in patients waiting for a CAWR. A randomized controlled trial needs to be conducted to objectivate the effect of PExT to prevent pulmonary complications and to reduce LOHS in this population.
The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on the Severity of Symptoms and Mortality Rate among Adult Patients with Covid-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Al Kiyumi Maisa Hamed , Kalra Sanjay , Davies J.S. , Kalhan Atul 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:We aimed to study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in patients with COVID-19 infection and evaluate the impact of vitamin D levels on the severity of symptoms and the case fatality rate.Evidence Acquisition:A comprehensive literature search was performed up to December 20, 2020, using the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and preprint databases (BioRxiv and MedRxiv). Any individual observational study related to the prevalence and impact of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (VDD/VDI) on the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and mortality rates was included. No language restrictions were applied, and both published and non-published studies were included.Evidence Synthesis:Two of the authors independently performed the literature search and assessed the eligibility of studies. The quality of studies included was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Data were analyzed using the Review Manager Software (version 5) and Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software (version 3). A total of 43 studies were included with a sample size of 254,963 patients with COVID-19. Pooled analysis showed a higher prevalence of VDD and VDI in patients with COVID-19 (59.0% and 40.1%, respectively). Moreover, a significant association was noticed between vitamin D levels and severity of symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 3.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.94–5.87,P< 0.0001), as well as the case fatality rate (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.47–3.59,P< 0.00001).Conclusions:VDD is highly prevalent in patients with COVID-19 infection. Lower vitamin D levels correlate with disease severity and poor prognosis although most of the data have been derived from moderate-quality observational studies.