bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing occlusal contact quality after aligner and fixed appliance treatment using computerized occlusal analysis during 6 months of retention
Authors: Cohen-Lévy Julia , Boulos Colette , Rompré Pierre , Montpetit Andrée , Kerstein Robert Barry 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective

Less than ideal contacts have been reported following aligner therapy, which is believed will resolve with settling, despite settling improving occlusal balance has not been scientifically confirmed. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome quality of occlusal contacts in patients treated with fixed appliances or clear aligners.
Methods

39 orthodontic patients (14 treated with aligners; 25 with fixed appliances) were evaluated with a digital occlusal analysis system (T-scan10 ™), assessing Maximum Intercuspation contact simultaneity, symmetry, and relative force distribution. The Occlusion Time, the Right/Left force percentage (%R/L), the Anterior/Posterior contact ratio (RAP), and the anteroposterior Center of Force (COF) locations were recorded at treatment completion, and 3 and 6 months after.
Results

No significant differences in measured occlusal contact quality parameter were found between groups at treatment completion or follow-up (OT, %R, RAP nor COF position). The COF moved posteriorly and remained stable after 3 months, near to the first molar, but was located more anterior in females (p= 0.01). 10 patients finished treatment with marked asymmetry, (%R/L > 50±10%), especially in the fixed appliance group (9/25 =3 6%) versus the aligner group (1/14 = 7%). 1/3 of all patients (both groups combined) after 6 months retention had %R/L imbalances > 50±10%.
Conclusions

Occlusal contacts were comparable at completion of treatment with aligners or brackets and after 3-6 months of retention. Contacts increased in the posterior region with time, but settling did not improve marked asymmetry in all patients.
Relationship Between Rotator Cuff Tears and Scapular Morphology
Authors: Nakamura Yoshihiro , Yokoya Shin , Matsubara Yuki , Harada Yohei , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in the morphology of the scapula according to the presence or absence of a rotator cuff tear (RCT).
Methods

One hundred and three shoulders with and 87 shoulders without RCTs were included in this study. The critical shoulder angle (CSA) and lateral acromion angle in the frontal view and the acromial coverage angle (ACA) and coracoid and scapular spine angle (CSSA) in the lateral view were evaluated using three-dimensional computed tomography. The glenoid anterior tilt, anterior acromial projection angle (AAPA), coracoid process angle, scapular spine angle (SSA) and inferior angle angle (IAA) with respect to the scapular plane were measured in the lateral view. The morphological parameters of the scapula associated with RCT were statistically analysed using a multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results

In univariate logistic regression analysis, CSA, ACA, CSSA, AAPA, SSA and IAA were significantly different between shoulders with and without RCTs. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, CSA and IAA were greater in shoulders with RCT and were significantly associated with this condition.
Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to focus on the relationship between RCT and the scapular body. RCT cases were characterised by a greater curvature of the scapular body in addition to CSA.
Genome-Wide Transcriptome Profiling of Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Treated with TGF-β2.
Authors: Callaghan Breedge , Lester Karen , Lane Brian , Fan Xiaochen , Goljanek-Whysall Katarzyna , Simpson David A. , Sheridan Carl , Willoughby Colin E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Glaucoma is a complex neurodegenerative disease resulting in progressive optic neuropathy and is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the predominant form affecting 65.5 million people globally. Despite the prevalence of POAG and the identification of over 120 glaucoma related genetic loci, the underlaying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling pathway is implicated in the molecular pathology of POAG. To gain a better understanding of the role TGF-β2 plays in the glaucomatous changes to the molecular pathology in the trabecular meshwork, we employed RNA-Seq to delineate the TGF-β2 induced changes in the transcriptome of normal primary human trabecular meshwork cells (HTM). We identified a significant number of differentially expressed genes and associated pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of POAG. The differentially expressed genes were predominantly enriched in ECM regulation, TGF-β signalling, proliferation/apoptosis, inflammation/wound healing, MAPK signalling, oxidative stress and RHO signalling. Canonical pathway analysis confirmed the enrichment of RhoA signalling, inflammatory-related processes, ECM and cytoskeletal organisation in HTM cells in response to TGF-β2. We also identified novel genes and pathways that were affected after TGF-β2 treatment in the HTM, suggesting additional pathways are activated, including Nrf2, PI3K-Akt, MAPK and HIPPO signalling pathways. The identification and characterisation of TGF-β2 dependent differentially expressed genes and pathways in HTM cells is essential to understand the patho-physiology of glaucoma and to develop new therapeutic agents.
Shedding Light Into The Black Box of Out-of-Hospital Respiratory Emergencies – A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Discharge Diagnoses, Prehospital Diagnostic Accuracy, And Predictors of Mortality
Authors: Spörl Patrick , Beckers Stefan K. , Rossaint Rolf , Felzen Marc , Schröder Hanna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Respiratory distress is one of the most common complaints of patients requiring out-of-hospital emergency services. Determining the precise discharge diagnosis in these circumstances can be challenging due to the wide range of suspected diagnoses. Moreover, these patients appear to have particularly high mortality, but little is currently known about the exact mortality rates associated with specific discharge diagnoses. Our study, therefore, aimed to determine how accurately correct diagnoses are made by EMS physicians in the out-of-hospital setting, identify examination findings that correlate with discharge diagnoses, investigate hospital mortality, and identify mortality-associated predictors.Methods: This retrospective observational study examined emergency medical service (EMS) encounters between December 2015 and May 2016 in the city of Aachen, Germany, in which an EMS physician was present at the scene. Adult patients were included if the EMS physician initially detected dyspnea, low oxygen saturation, or pathological auscultation findings at the scene (n = 719). By linking out-of-hospital data to hospital records, including initial blood gas analysis, a discharge diagnosis was assigned to each EMS encounter, and the outcome was analyzed. Binary logistic regressions were used to search for associations between pathological findings and discharge diagnoses, as well as predictors of hospital mortality.Results: The overall diagnostic accuracy was 69.9% (485/694). The highest diagnostic accuracies were observed in asthma (15/15 ≙ 100%), hypertensive crisis (28/33 ≙ 84.4%), and COPD exacerbation (114/138 ≙ 82.6%), and the lowest accuracies were observed in urinary tract infection (14/35 ≙ 40%), pulmonary embolism (8/18 ≙ 44.4%), and pneumonia (70/142 ≙ 49.3%). The overall hospital mortality rate was 13.8% (99/719). The highest hospital mortality rates were seen in pneumonia (44/142 ≙ 31%) and urinary tract infection (7/35 ≙ 20%). Potential risk factors for hospital mortality identified in this study were reduced vigilance, low oxygen saturation, increasing age, blood gas analysis (BGA) results associated with metabolic acidosis, and an incorrect out-of-hospital diagnosis by the EMS physician.Conclusions: Our data highlight the diagnostic uncertainties and high mortality in out-of-hospital emergency patients presenting with respiratory distress. The identified predictors could help in early detection of patients at risk in the future.
SNAP25 Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Di Longjiang , Gu Maoli , Wu Yan , Liu Guoqiang , Zhang Lishuo , Li Yifei , Zhang Wenjing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is one of the most lethal cancers in male individuals. The Synaptosome associated protein 25 (SNAP25) gene is a key mediator of multiple biological functions in tumours. However, its significant impact on the prognosis in prostate cancer remains to be elucidated.Methods We performed a comprehensive analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (TCGA) to identify the differentially expressed genes between prostate cancer and normal prostate tissue. We subjected the differentially expressed genes to gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional analysis, and constructed a protein-protein interaction network. We then screened for pivotal genes to identify the hub genes of prognostic significance by performing Cox regression analysis. We identified SNAP25 as one such gene and analysed the relationship between its expression in prostate cancer to poor prognosis using Studio R. Results TCGA database demonstrated that SNAP25 was significantly downregulated in prostate cancer, and that its expression was significantly correlated with the Gleason score and pathological TNM stage of patients. The association between SNAP25 expression and tumour-infiltrating immune cells was evaluated using the Tumour Immune Estimation Resource site. Gene set enrichment and gene ontology analyses were used to analyse the function of SNAP25. We found that SNAP25 expression strongly correlated with overall survival in the Gleason score. In addition, SNAP25 was involved in the activation, differentiation, and migration of immune cells, and its expression was positively correlated with immune infiltration, including of B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. SNAP25 expression was also positively correlated with chemokines/chemokine receptors, suggesting that SNAP25 might regulate the migration of immune cells. These molecular experiment results validate the low expression of SNAP25 seen in prostate cancer cells.Conclusion Our findings indicate a relationship between SNAP25 expression and prostate cancer, demonstrating that SNAP25 is a potential prognostic biomarker due to its vital role in immune infiltration.
Donor Site Evaluation after Full-Width Metatarsal Transfer for Metacarpal Reconstruction in Severe Thumb Hypoplasia: A Clinical Retrospective Study
Authors: Bai Fan , Liu Lu , Li Qiuya , Xue Yunhao , Yang Chen , Chen Shanlin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Pollicization remains the default treatment for severe thumb hypoplasia, while the metatarsal transfer is an effective choice for metacarpal reconstruction, with competitive outcome of reconstructed thumb. However, rare researches focused on the outcome of donor foot of the metatarsal transfer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcome of donor foot after full-width metatarsal transfer for Manske Type IIIB and IV thumb hypoplasia.Methods: Fourteen patients with Manske Type IIIB and IV thumb hypoplasia were enrolled in the study. A full-width metatarsal graft (vascularised, from the second metatarsal or non-vascularised, from the fourth metatarsal) was harvested; an adjacent half-width graft from the third metatarsal was transposed horizontally to replace the donor defect. Objective and subjective evaluations were performed at least 12 months postoperatively. The appearances of the toes and the radiographic findings of the metatarsals were evaluated by two authors, the length and width of the metatarsals were measured on digital anteroposterior radiographs using a paired sample t test. The parental satisfaction was evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Among these 14 patients (eight type ⅢB and six type Ⅳ thumbs), there were ten male and four female patients. The mean age at operation was 34.2 months (range: 14 to 127 months), and the mean follow-up was 16.1 months (range: 12 to 30 months). Toe lengthening, toe overriding, and synostosis between the metatarsals were observed in two, two and two patients; toe shortening, toe deviation, metatarsal lengthening and metatarsal angulation were observed in one, one, one and one patient. The lengths of third and fourth metatarsals in donor site were significantly larger than those in contralateral side, while the widths of third and fourth metatarsals were not significantly different between donor and contralateral sides. The mean score in the parental satisfaction questionnaire (full score, 30) was 27.2, (range: 17 to 30), which rated as “good”. Conclusions: Following full-width metatarsal transfer for Type IIIB and IV thumb hypoplasia, transposition of the adjacent half-width metatarsal for donor reconstruction results in minor donor deficit and overall parenteral satisfaction. Level of evidence: Ⅳ
Sexual Dimorphism in Testosterone Programming of Cardiomyocyte Development in Sheep
Authors: Ghnenis Adel , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Vyas Arpita 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Perturbed in-utero hormone milieu leads to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), a known risk factor for left ventricular (LV) dysfunction later in life. Gestational testosterone (T) excess predisposes offspring to IUGR and leads to LV myocardial disarray and hypertension in adult females. However, the early impact of T excess on LV programming and if it is female-specific is unknown. LV tissues were obtained at day 90 gestation from days 30-90 T-treated or control fetuses (n=6/group/sex) and morphometric and molecular analyses were conducted. Gestational T treatment increased cardiomyocyte number only in female fetuses. T excess up-regulated receptor expression of insulin and insulin-like growth factor. Furthermore, in a sex-specific manner, T increased expression of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) while down regulating phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (pmTOR) /mTOR ratio suggestive of compensatory response. T excess 1) upregulated atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), markers of stress and cardiac hypertrophy 2) upregulated estrogen receptors1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2) but not in androgen receptor (AR). Thus, gestational T excess upregulated markers of cardiac stress and hypertrophy in both sexes while inducing cardiomyocyte hyperplasia only in females, likely mediated via insulin and estrogenic programming.
Effect of Radiotherapy Sequence on Long-term Outcome in Patients With Node-positive Breast Cancer: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Woo Joohyun , Moon Byung-In , Kwon Hyungju , Lim Woosung 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The optimal sequence of chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) after surgery in breast cancer patients is unclear. There is a lack of literature on RT given between anthracycline and taxane administration. We evaluated the effect of RT sequence on long-term outcome in breast cancer. Two hundred patients who underwent surgery between January 2009 and December 2012 for node-positive breast cancers were evaluated retrospectively. All patients were treated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by taxane. Sandwich RT group that received RT between AC and taxane was compared to the group that received RT after CT. The mean follow-up period was 105.4 months. The locoregional recurrence (LRR) rate was lower in sandwich RT group (P=0.012) and there was no significant difference in distant metastasis between the two groups. The RT sequence was an important predictor for LRR in multivariable analysis (P=0.017). For luminal A subtype, disease-free survival (DFS) was better in sandwich RT group than in CT followed by RT group (P=0.001). The overall survival did not correlated with RT sequence regardless of subtype. Sandwich RT can offer DFS benefit in luminal A subtype breast cancer. A tailored approach of sequencing chemotherapy and radiotherapy would be needed considering the factors that can influence outcome.
Title Evaluation of the Integration of Social Accountability Values into Medical Education using a Problem-Based Learning Curriculum
Authors: Dash Nihar Ranjan , Taha Mohamed H. , Shorbagi Sarra , Aballa Mohamed Elhassan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMedical schools have the obligation to direct their education toward addressing the priority health concerns of the societies that they serve. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the integration of the concepts and values of social accountability into the case scenarios that are used in a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum at a medical school in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods A validated “social accountability inventory for PBL” was used for examining 70 case scenarios in a problem-based learning (PBL) medical curriculum.ResultsThe findings of the study indicate that the majority of the case scenarios integrated the social accountably values in addressing the following: the major health problems or social health concerns of the UAE (73%), the social determinants of health (70%), the contextual integration of medical professionalism (87%), the evolving roles of doctors in the health system (79%), the healthcare referral system based on the case complexity (73%), the involvement of different stakeholders in healthcare (87%) and the psychosocial issues rather than only the disease-oriented issues (80%). However, the case scenarios were deficient in integrating other social accountability values that related to the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to patient management (29%), issues regarding the management of the health system (49%), the values of health promotion/prevention (59%), consideration of the underserved, disadvantaged or vulnerable populations in the society (62%), the socioeconomic statuses of patients (54%), ethnicity (54%) and cost-effectiveness (65%). There was variability in integrating the social accountability values in case scenarios across different units which are based on organ system. ConclusionMedical educators can use this valuable data to calibrate their curriculum content, especially when using a problem-based learning curriculum to integrate the values of social accountability such as relevance, quality, equity and cost-effectiveness to train the future generation of healthcare providers to be ready to address the ever-changing and diverse needs of the societies.
Molecular and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Elevated TREM1 and its Emergence as a Prognostic Biomarker in Gliomas
Authors: Zhang Lin , Xu Yangyang , Qu Xun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Monotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade for most gliomas does not seem to induce durable antitumor responses, which drive us to explore potential immunological targets in glioma. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM1) has been reported to be associated with immune-related inflammatory disorders. However, to date, there has rarely been studied in glioma.Methods: The data included clinicopathological characteristics and transcriptome data of patients with glioma obtained from publicly available genomic databases. Bioinformatics methods were employed to identify TREM1 expression pattern, prognostic value, biological function, and immune characteristics by R language, SPSS 19 and GraphPad Prism 8 softwareResults: In this study, it was observed that TERM1 expression was increased significantly in GBM compared with other types and was associated with poor outcome. Increased TREM1 accompanied distinct mutation and amplification of driver oncogenes. Moreover, gene ontology and KEGG analyses showed that TREM1 may play a role in the immunobiology of gliomas. TREM1 may participate in the immunosuppressive microenvironment by inhibiting T cell antitumor immunity functions. Additionally, through correlation analysis, TREM1 was found to be tightly correlated with immune checkpoint molecules.Conclusion: TREM1 may be a novel and attractive immune target and may provide new avenues to overcome the low response rate of glioma patients to current immunotherapies.
Qufeng Xuanbi Formula ameliorates airway remodeling in asthmatic mice by suppressing airway smooth muscle cells proliferation through MEK/ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Bohan , Tang Lingling , Shi Suofang , Yang Ying , Sun Xianhong , Zhang Xiaona , Liu Chunyang , Liu Li 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAsthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. Qufeng Xuanbi Formula (QFXBF), a Chinese herbal decoction, has shown efficiency for the management of asthma. The purpose of current study is to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of QFXBF for the treatment of asthma both in vitro and in vivo. MethodsPDGF-induced ASMCs proliferation model and MTT assay have been applied for exploring the effects of QFXBF on the proliferation of ASMCs. Moreover, 40 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, OVA group, High QFXBF group, Low QFXBF group, and dexamethasone (DEX) group (n = 8 per group). The mouse allergic asthma model has been established by intranasally administered ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization method. Morphological changes of the lung tissue have been examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson’s staining. Finally, the protein expressions of α-SMA, PCNA, p-MEK1/2, MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, and ERK1/2 in ASMCs and lung tissue were determined by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining assays. ResultsPDGF induced significant increase in viability of ASMCs. Compared with mice in control group, the airway walls and airway smooth muscle of mice in OVA group mice thickened, and the inflammatory cells around the bronchus increased significantly. Moreover, administration of QFXBF markedly inhibited the proliferation of ASMCs and alleviated the pathologic changes induced by OVA. Furthermore, the protein expressions of p-ERK1/2, p-MEK1/2, PCNA, and α-SMA were significantly increased in OVA-treated mice and PDGF-treated ASMCs. Finally, treatment of QFXBF also significantly decreased the protein expression of p-ERK1/2, p-MEK1/2, α-SMA and PCNA. ConclusionQFXBF can inhibit the proliferation of ASMCs via suppressing the MEK/ERK signaling in PDGF-induced ASMCs and OVA-induced mice.
Two Pulse Intrusive Events of the Pliocene Tanigawa-Dake Granites Revealed from Zircon U-Pb Dating.
Authors: Minami Saki , Nagata Mitsuhiro , Sueoka Shigeru , Fukuda Shoma , Kajita Yuya , Ogita Yasuhiro , Kagami Saya , Yokoyama Tatsunori , Tagami Takahiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We performed zircon U–Pb dating on the Pliocene Tanigawa-dake granites (Makihata and Tanigawa bodies) and the Cretaceous Minakami quartzdiorite, Northeast Japan Arc. Concordia ages were estimated to be 3.95 ± 0.11 Ma (± 2 sigma) for the Makihata body, 3.18 ± 0.13 Ma and 3.32 ± 0.15 Ma for the Tanigawa body, and 109.4 ± 2.2 Ma for the Minakami quartzdiorite. The Minakami quartzdiorite is possibly correlated to the bedrock in the Ashio belt because the age of the Minakami quartzdiorite is consistent with the zircon U–Pb ages of the earliest Tadamigawa granites (107–62 Ma) which are distributed to the northeast of the Tanigawa-dake region and belong to the Ashio belt. All the zircon U-Pb ages of the Tanigawa-dake granites are older than the previously reported cooling ages, i.e., K–Ar ages and zircon fission-track ages, being consistent with their difference in closure temperature. On the basis of these results, we concluded that the intrusive ages of the Tanigawa-dake granites are ~4–3 Ma, which are among the youngest exposed plutons on Earth. The U–Pb ages of the Makihata body and the Tanigawa body are different significantly in the 2 sigma error range. Thus, the Tanigawa body intruded later than the Makihata body by ~0.7 Myr.