bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Treating Coexisting Low Back Pain and Hip Impairments, Focus on the Back: Adding Specific Hip Treatment Does Not Yield Additional Benefits—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Burns Scott A. , Cleland Joshua A. , Rivett Darren A. , O'Hara Michael C. , Egan William , Pandya Jeevan , Snodgrass Suzanne J. 
Published: November 2021

Objective To determine whether adding hip treatment to usual care for low back pain (LBP) improved disability and pain in individuals with LBP and a concurrent hip impairment. Design Randomized controlled trial. Methods Seventy-six participants (age, 18 years or older; Oswestry Disability Index, 20% or greater; numeric pain-rating scale, 2 or more points) with LBP and a concurrent hip impairment were randomly assigned to a group that received treatment to the lumbar spine only (LBO group) (n = 39) or to one that received both lumbar spine and hip treatments (LBH group) (n = 37). The individual treating clinicians decided which specific low back treatments to administer to the LBO group. Treatments aimed at the hip (LBH group) included manual therapy, exercise, and education, selected by the therapist from a predetermined set of treatments. Primary outcomes were disability and pain, measured by the Oswestry Disability Index and the numeric pain-rating scale, respectively, at baseline, 2 weeks, discharge, 6 months, and 12 months. The secondary outcomes were fear-avoidance beliefs (work and physical activity subscales of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire), global rating of change, the Patient Acceptable Symptom State, and physical activity level. We used mixed-model 2-by-3 analyses of variance to examine group-by-time interaction effects (intention-to-treat analysis). Results Data were available for 68 patients at discharge (LBH group, n = 33; LBO group, n = 35) and 48 at 12 months (n = 24 for both groups). There were no between-group differences in disability at discharge (−5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −10.9, 0.89; P = .09), 12 months (−1.0; 95% CI: −4.44, 2.35; P = .54), and all other time points. There were no between−group differences in pain at discharge (−0.2; 95% CI: −1.03, 0.53; P = .53), 12 months (0.1; 95% CI: −0.53, 0.72; P = .76), and all other time points. There were no between-group differences in secondary outcomes, except for higher Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (work subscale) scores in the LBH group at 2 weeks (−3.35; 95% CI: −6.58, −0.11; P = .04) and discharge (−3.45; 95% CI: − 6.30, −0.61; P = .02). Conclusion Adding treatments aimed at the hip to usual low back physical therapy did not provide additional short- or long-term benefits in reducing disability and pain in individuals with LBP and a concurrent hip impairment. Clinicians may not need to include hip treatments to achieve reductions in low back disability and pain in individuals with LBP and a concurrent hip impairment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(12):581–601. Epub 16 Nov 2021. 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10593
Heidegger e a transformação da fenomenologia: a aproximação da hermenêutica e o afastamento de Husserl
Authors: Missaggia Juliana 
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo analisamos a transformação da fenomenologia, realizada por Heidegger a partir da inserção de elementos próprios da hermenêutica. Para tanto, procuramos mostrar o modo como o filósofo relaciona a fenomenologia com noções como facticidade e ontologia, desse modo se afastando radicalmente da concepção pregada por Husserl – sobretudo quanto ao tipo de cientificidade que esse último defende ser possível para a filosofia.
Comitês De Ética: Desafios
Authors: Lima Walter Matias 
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo aborda alguns aspectos da discussão sobre a bioética e a importância de um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. A proposta básica é discutir alguns aspectos do funcionamento dos CEPs, tendo como fundo as Resoluções 196/96 e 466/2012, do Conselho Nacional de Saúde e, neste contexto, o lugar que os Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa. Pretendemos provocar o debate, muito mais que apontar para definições que, no fundo, impedem uma interlocução ampla, ou impedem a confluência de posições diferentes. Contudo, concluímos apontado para o caráter procedimentalista que a maioria dos Comitês vem tomando no Brasil, deixando de abordar as dimensões éticas da pesquisa científica e concentrando a avaliação dos protocolos de pesquisa, no âmbito da Plataforma Brasil, como uma análise de procedimentos que estão indicados no formulário online, o que torna a análise ética em uma análise formalista.
Extradural malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the thoracic spine: A rare case report
Authors: Christi Ayu Yoniko , Baskoro Wisnu , Kameswari Bidari , Hakim Irfaanstio Akbar , Pangaribuan Vega Sola Gracia , Purnawan Andrianto 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) typically found in the trunk, limbs, head, and neck represent 3–10% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. Although they typically originating from peripheral nerve Schwann cells, 2–3% arise from the spinal nerves and may be found within the spinal canal. Here, we present a 43-year-old male with an extradural thoracic MPNST contributing to marked cord compression and a progressive paraparesis.

Case Description:
A 43-year-old male presented with a progressive paraparesis of 16 months’ duration. The MRI showed a posterior T2-T4 extradural tumor in the thoracic spine resulting in significant cord compression. Following a T2-T4 laminectomy and gross total excision of the epidural mass, the patient regained modest neurological function. Immunohistochemistry staining supported the diagnosis of thoracic spinal MPNST.

Conclusion:
Rarely, spinal MPNST can be considered amongst the differential diagnoses of an extradural spinal tumor. In this case, gross total excision of a posterior T2-T4 epidural MPNST resulted in improvement in the patient’s original paraparesis. Notably, immunohistochemistry staining helped confirm the diagnosis of a MPNST.
Ultrasmooth thin film and nano-scale structure fabrication to extend the bounds of optical microscopy
Authors:   , Rafealov Eden 
Published: November 2021

<p>Plasmonic devices including superlenses, hyperlenses, and far-field superlenses are specially fabricated elements which can improve the resolution of optical microscopy past inherent theoretical limits. However, their fabrication is extremely difficult as they often require ultrasmooth thin films and finely structured silver (Ag). While Ag has an ideal response for these types of lenses, its fabrication in such devices is challenging. Hence, this thesis investigates viable methods of producing ultrasmooth Ag thin films and nano-scale Ag features in order to advance research in plasmonic devices. Optimum plasmon response requires the fabrication of ultrasmooth thin silver films, which presents several challenges, such as high surface roughness and high optical loss. Thin 1 nm seed layers were fabricated in advance of Ag layers in order to improve the surface properties of Ag. We found that a 1 nm germanium (Ge) seed layer results in a 400% reduction in surface roughness down to 0.64 nm(RMS), but offers increased optical loss by about 3% over Ag alone. However, an inert atmosphere high temperature anneal of a Ge/Ag stack results in preferential grain growth, further reducing surface roughness to 0.61 nm(RMS), while also improving transmission by up to 14% over Ag alone. Similar procedures were conducted on copper (Cu) and silver oxide (AgOx) seed layers. While Cu results in very smooth Ag films of 0.61 nm(RMS) for films < 10 nm thick, performance deteriorates at Ag thicknesses above 10 nm, which are preferred for the plasmonic applications identified above. Furthermore, AgOx produces very rough surfaces on substrates which are amorphous–a property which is essential for our use. However, AgOx on crystalline substrates produced smooth surfaces of 0.3 nm(RMS) and may be useful for other plasmonic applications. Interference lithography (IL) was selected as the method to create the periodic nano-scale structures. The IL equipment was modified with the addition of bandpass light filters, 5 μm pinhole Fourier filters, and air vortex shields. Also, elimination of both external vibration and time-dependant vacuum lines are included. With this IL environment, we were able to produce periodic gratings anywhere from 1 μm-300 nm pitch through rigorous optimisation of photoresist, exposure, and development processes. Ultimately, this lead to the fabrication of high contrast, 200 nm period gratings for use in a far-field superlens. The designs and procedures outline within will result in increased performance and production of far-field superlenses with limited equipment, therefore facilitating increased performance of optical microscopes.</p>
Transition - An exploration of spatial flexibility for primary schools
Authors:   , Crooks Daniel 
Published: November 2021

<p>This research aims to develop a design model for a future primary school in New Zealand (NZ), which promotes flexibility and privileges the role of outdoor learning environments within a child centered approach to education. The NZ public primary school typology is undergoing a period of reform in response to current global pedagogical developments. This has lead the Ministry of Education (MOE), architects and designers to develop a ‘large open plan’ studio approach to current educational typology. Often creating expansive space in which educationalist must shape environments of learning through ‘flexible furniture’ layouts. This thesis highlights the importance of architectural flexibility to the design of primary schools, as well as the importance of external environments for learning. It is proposed that there should be a more engaging solution between pedagogical development and future primary school contexts within NZ. The design case study (DCS) proposes an active environment of interaction that is capable of transition to engage multiple axis of site and community connectivity. The nature of the design case study pushes away from current trends of the ‘large open plan’ studio, and activates façade enabling spatial and environmental engagement. In plan, a flexible use of space is provided so that the school community can shape space to their needs and desires. Site and community can be viewed as a continuation of the classroom, as highlighted by principles of a Holistic approach to education. The chosen site for the DCS was selected due to its topological location and relationships with is neighbors as well as its involvement in the Christchurch School Rebuild Programme (CSRP). Overall, the research in response to current pedagogical ideals, proposes a flexible outdoor learning orientated school complex is a desirable alternative to the ‘large open plan’ studio.</p>
Revisiting the Hillside: Organic, Aggregative Medium Density Housing in a Wellington Hillside Environment
Authors:   , Wenden Matthew 
Published: November 2021

<p>The ‘Conzen School’ of Urban Morphology identified by Kostof in his book The City Shaped, is a western way of looking at parcels of land, lots, and the street grid from above in a geometric manner imposed on the land, then analysing this in terms of land use pattern, town plan, and building form. This model of analysis and development lends itself to flat sites, and separated, isolated developments, and forms the basis for the existing model of development in western colonial nations. This thesis investigates whether an alternate development approach based on aggregative design can provide a viable alternative to the standard model of Medium Density Housing found in New Zealand. Investigation in the frame of Christopher Alexander’s New Theory of Urban Design, Lucien Kroll, and The New Urbanists addresses a new way of approaching these sites through the use of organic geometries and accumulative principals. Accompanying and informing this approach is a case study of vernacular Cycladic Architecture. In balance with the Cycladic case study the thesis addresses the acceptance of this model of development in a New Zealand context. In particular, with reference to the physical aspects of privacy, view, shared space as well as perceptions of ownership, individuality and identity in a higher density environment. The aggregative approach is similar to that explored through Ian Athfield’s Home in Khandallah; Athfield House. This housing and office complex is an early experiment into the same principles that this thesis addresses. The thesis develops a methodological approach to testing the aggregative nature of development and simulates this through the use of in studio design exercises. These exercises will be a combination of external input from other designers and internal; single author input. The final design outcome will be addressing the results of this simulation, the design principals, guidelines and rules, rather than producing a stand-alone design artifact.</p>
Designing a Game for Upper Limb Rehabilitation Following a Stroke
Authors:   , Fridman Dana 
Published: November 2021

<p>Background: Many stroke survivors suffer from motor impairments such as upper limb hemiparesis accompanied by cognitive and emotional impairments that can affect their ability to function. Rehabilitation interventions are effective in promoting the return of function. However, patients’ engagement is necessary in order to maintain the improvements, and research shows that stroke survivors need more opportunities to engage with rehabilitation outside of the clinic. Digital games can offer a solution by providing an engaging context for performing the exercises correctly and learning new skills. Aims: This research aims to increase engagement with upper limb rehabilitation following a stroke through a custom digital game that facilitates effective rehabilitation methods, and is played with the Able-M, a game controller designed for upper limb rehabilitation by Im-Able. Methods: The development process was based on a human-centred design approach that consisted of a literature review, personas generation, exploratory studies including field observations in a clinic and discussions with therapists, iterative design through qualitative studies including user observations, interviews with patients, and feedback from a neuro-physiotherapist. Conclusions: Based on the design process, the game prototype includes the following elements: Adaptive gameplay for physical and cognitive challenge-skill balance, obstacles to increase challenge, feedback provision to enhance engagement and facilitate motor learning, rhythmic elements to facilitate rhythmic auditory stimulation, narrative based on user research to facilitate focus diversion, and different navigation mechanisms to promote neuroplasticity. High contrast, bird eye view, and third person perspective for ease of use. Limitations and directions for further research are discussed.</p>
Assortative Mating, Income Inequality, and Place
Authors:   , Macfarlane Avril 
Published: November 2021

<p>There is a growing concern internationally about levels of income inequality, and the negative effect this has on the functioning of societies both in terms of productivity and social harmony. An unexpected contributor to inequality is assortative mating - the phenomenon of “like marrying like”. Educational attainment is highly correlated with income; when two highly educated people partner and form a household they are more likely to appear at the top of the household income distribution, while couples with only primary or incomplete secondary education appear at the bottom. Therefore the greater the propensity to mate assortatively the more unequal the distribution of household income becomes. I ask two questions of the relationship between educational assortative mating and household income inequality. Firstly, how do countries (in Europe) differ in their degree of educational assortative mating? Secondly, what is the evidence that such differences are reflected in indicators of household income inequality? My study differs from the prevailing approaches to this question by taking a geographical approach. Instead of comparing a single country over time and monitoring the correspondence between assortative mating and income inequality, I compare a wide range of countries, using a uniform instrument, at one point in time. In order to do so I draw on the unit records of 29 countries from the European Social Survey administered in 2012. From these unit record data I have been able to identify two important patterns. Firstly, there is a clear presence of educational assortative mating in each country. However, the degree differs and it does so primarily as a reflection of the overall level of education in the country. Rising levels of education lower the returns for education, in turn making assortative mating comparatively less attractive. As a result, the level of assortative mating, compared to what would be expected under random conditions, is lower in highly educated nations. The lowered level of assortative mating in highly educated nations reduces the barriers to social mobility through marriage for those without university educations. Consequently, household income inequality is seen to be intrinsically related to assortative mating, although the outcomes can be mitigated by redistribution policies.</p>
Making a House a Home: Motivations for Earthquake Strengthening Domestic Homes in Dunedin, an Argument Towards Domestic Heritage
Authors:   , Stockwell Imogen 
Published: November 2021

<p>Following the 2010 and 2011 Canterbury earthquakes, earthquake strengthening is one of the biggest issues facing heritage buildings in New Zealand. This process is mainly affecting commercial and public buildings; residential buildings are generally exempt from earthquake-prone building policies. However, some homeowners are choosing to do what is often perceived to be an expensive and time-consuming process. This research explores whether there is a heritage relationship between the homeowner and their house that motivates conservation work, such as earthquake strengthening. The central question for this research is: “What makes a heritage house a home? Is “home” a motivation for owners to earthquake strengthen their building? a case study of Dunedin”. The relationship between homeowners and the heritage of their homes and domestic conservations practices has been underexamined in heritage studies in New Zealand. The current dissertation addresses this problem and contributes to the literature of Museum and Heritage Studies. The theoretical framework employed in this research draws on the field of Critical Heritage Studies in order to explore the relationship between ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up heritage’, the notion of ‘peoples-based’ heritage, the value of intangible heritage and a cycle of care. This research utilised qualitative research methods, involving the interviewing three heritage homeowners and two heritage professionals. These provided detailed findings about homeowners’ perceptions of their houses and the interaction between heritage practitioners and homeowners. The southern city of Dunedin was the case study which framed this research, because it has a rich collection of heritage buildings and a council which has been proactive in encouraging earthquake strengthening. It was found that the heritage homeowner’s relationship with their home played a role in conservation how decisions are undertaken and that there is a lack of outreach from heritage authorities to heritage homeowners. This research provides information about the nature of the interaction between top-down and bottom-up heritage, and how this relationship can lead to positive heritage outcomes. Recommendations include developing open channels of communication between officials and homeowners, increased acknowledgement of the homeowner’s role in the conservation practice, and the establishment of a concept of Domestic Heritage to assist within the development of a cycle of care by heritage homeowners.</p>
Edge Effect: Reconnecting Whangarei's City and River
Authors:   , Lawrie Alicia 
Published: November 2021

<p>Whangarei City has a dying Commercial Centre. This has resulted from population shifts that have occurred over time. Significant issues have driven movement of people toward much larger cities (seeking better economic, cultural and social outcomes) and more spacious urban fringes (seeking improved environmental outcomes). The Whangarei CBD incorporates both the dying Commercial Centre and a thriving Town Basin which is the centre for Arts and Recreation within the city. The two areas are a juxtaposition. The investigation reveals reasons why two such contrasting areas exist and defines a design solution that seeks to resolve this and leverages the success of the Town Basin to revive the Commercial Centre. The aim of this thesis is to investigate ways that architecture can be used to invigorate Whangarei’s dying Commercial Centre by creating a place of activity, engagement and informal learning and by re-establishing the important connection Whangarei has with its river as well as other positives within the city. Thesis objectives: •	Identify the reasons for the decline of the Commercial Centre and the success of the Town Basin and how a connection can be established between the two. •	Establish a beating heart within the dying Commercial Centre and provide a life source in the form of people movement into the centre from all parts of the city. •	Provide dynamic spaces which encourage informal learning, social interaction, playfulness and creativity that will engage the people of Whangarei including youth and children. •	Use the natural environment as a means of engaging people of all ages by weaving together water, a restored ecology and architecture.</p>