bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard Versus Long Peripheral Catheters for Multiday IV Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Qin Kirby R. , Ensor Nicholas , Barnes Richard , Englin Anna , Nataraja Ramesh M. , Pacilli Maurizio 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:
In children, intravenous therapy (IVT) is generally administered via peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) (2–6 cm in length). There is evidence that PIVCs are unreliable after 2 days. Long peripheral catheters (LPCs) (6–15 cm in length) could improve the delivery of IVT. The aim of this trial was to determine if LPCs could decrease catheter failure and the number of catheters in children receiving multiday IVT.

METHODS:
This was an open-label randomized controlled trial conducted at Monash Children’s Hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were from the ages of 1 to 17 years, undergoing surgery and requiring &gt;48 hours of postoperative IVT. Participants were randomly assigned to a 2.5-cm 22G PIVC or an 8-cm 22G LPC.

RESULTS:
Seventy-two children were randomly assigned, 36 received PIVCs, and 36 received LPCs. The median duration of IVT was 5.1 days and was similar between groups (P = .9). Catheter failure was higher for PIVCs than LPCs (66.7% vs 19.4%; relative risk [RR]: 3.4; P = .0001 or 187.9 vs 41.0 failures per 1000 catheter-days). Infiltration was the most common reason for PIVC failure (33.3% vs 2.8%; RR: 12.0; P = .001). LPCs exhibited superior life span (4.7 vs 3.5 days [median]; P = .01). Children with LPCs were twice as likely to complete therapy with a single catheter (80.6% vs 38.9%; RR: 2.1; P = .0006).

CONCLUSIONS:
LPCs reduce catheter failure and total catheters in children. They should be considered as the first-line device for peripheral access in any child receiving prolonged IVT.
Quantifying the effect of oxygen on micro-mechanical properties of a near-alpha titanium alloy
Authors: Gardner H. M. , Gopon P. , Magazzeni C. M. , Radecka A. , Fox K. , Rugg D. , Wade J. , Armstrong D. E. J. , Moody M. P. , Bagot P. A. J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTitanium alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry, yet oxygen ingress can severely degrade the mechanical properties of titanium alloy components. Atom probe tomography (APT), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and nanoindentation were used to characterise the oxygen-rich layer on an in-service jet engine compressor disc, manufactured from the titanium alloy TIMETAL 834. Oxygen ingress was quantified and related to changes in mechanical properties through nanoindentation studies. The relationship between oxygen concentration, microstructure, crystal orientation and hardness has been explored through correlative hardness mapping, EPMA and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). It has been found that the hardening effects of microstructure and crystallography are only significant at very low-oxygen concentrations, whereas interstitial solid solution hardening dominates by order of magnitude for higher oxygen concentrations. The role of microstructure on oxygen ingress has been studied and oxygen ingress along a potential α/β interface was directly observed on the nanoscale using APT.
A simple fabrication of superhydrophobic PVDF/SiO2 coatings and their anti-icing properties
Authors: Tan Xinyu , Huang Zhengtao , Jiang Lihua , Xiao Ting , Wang Yunkuan , Yang Xiongbo , Zhu Heng , Li Shuangshuang , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSuperhydrophobic coatings have been regarded as potential promising solutions to many problems, e.g., ice accumulation in the winter seasons. To be practically useful and economically attractive, it is necessary to fabricate such coatings using facile methods, i.e., with minimal steps and low cost. In this work, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/SiO2 coating is successfully prepared with a simple dip coating method. It shows impressive superhydrophobic properties with a large water contact angle (WCA) of 159° and a small sliding angle (SA) of less than 3°. Meanwhile, its superhydrophobic properties are robust in a large temperature range of – 30 to 350 °C and in various environments. Moreover, it shows remarkable anti-icing properties by delaying the freezing time (4 times) and reducing (40%) the adhesion of the ice on the substrate. Therefore, this work has displayed a promising approach for fabricating superhydrophobic coatings towards anti-icing applications.
Nanoindentation in multi-modal map combinations: a correlative approach to local mechanical property assessment
Authors: Magazzeni Christopher M. , Gardner Hazel M. , Howe Inigo , Gopon Phillip , Waite John C. , Rugg David , Armstrong David E. J. , Wilkinson Angus J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A method is presented for the registration and correlation of property maps of materials, including data from nanoindentation hardness, Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (EBSD), and Electron Micro-Probe Analysis (EPMA). This highly spatially resolved method allows for the study of micron-scale microstructural features, and has the capability to rapidly extract correlations between multiple features of interest from datasets containing thousands of data points. Two case studies are presented in commercially pure (CP) titanium: in the first instance, the effect of crystal anisotropy on measured hardness and, in the second instance, the effect of an oxygen diffusion layer on hardness. The independently collected property maps are registered using affine geometric transformations and are interpolated to allow for direct correlation. The results show strong agreement with trends observed in the literature, as well as providing a large dataset to facilitate future statistical analysis of microstructure-dependent mechanisms.

Graphical abstract
COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde acil servis çalışanlarının psikolojik durumları
Authors: AVCI Sema , YAĞCI İbrahim 
Published: January 2021

Giriş: COVID-19, koronovirüs ailesinden bir RNA virüsü olup ilk kez Aralık 2019’da tespit edilmiştir. COVID-19, 30 Ocak 2020’de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, acil servis çalışanlarında pandemi döneminde görülen psikolojik değişiklikleri tespit etmeyi amaçladık.
Metod: Çalışmaya 120 acil servis çalışanı (olgu grubu) ve 70 hastane dışından gönüllü (kontrol grubu) dahil edildi. Katılımcılara Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ), Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği (BUÖ) ve Travma Sonrası Stres Belirtileri Alt Ölçeği uygulandı. Ayrıca olgu grubuna TEMPS-A Mizaç ölçeği de uygulandı.
Bulgular: Sosyodemografik verilere göre hasta grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında eğitim düzeyleri dışında yaş, cinsiyet, çalışma durumu ve medeni hal arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Gruplar karşılaştırıldığında BDÖ (p=0,000), BAÖ (p=0,005), BUÖ (p=0,021) ve TSSÖ (p=0,000) açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Olgu grubunun mizaç profiline göre, 8 kişi depresif mizaca, 4 kişi siklotimik mizaca, 2 kişi anksiyöz mizaca sahipti ve hipertimik mizacı olan kişi yoktu.
Sonuç: Acil servis çalışanlarının COVID-19 döneminde psikolojik olarak etkilendiğini tespit ettik. Sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik zorunlu ve düzenli ruhsal takip programları planlamanın olumsuz etkilenmeyi azaltacağını ve iş performanslarını artıracağını düşünüyoruz.
Challenges of Implementing Multicenter Studies of Yoga for Pediatric Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients
Authors: Jacobs Shana , Plenert Erin , Stein Eliana , Mowbray Catriona , Stewart Rachel , Schechter Tal , Diorio Caroline , Sung Lillian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The primary objective of this work was to determine the feasibility of a randomized trial of individualized yoga for children receiving intensive chemotherapy and for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients outside of the principal coordinating institution. We evaluated the feasibility of a randomized trial of individualized yoga versus an iPad control program at a site where external yoga instructors were hired and compensated per session. Subjects were children receiving intensive chemotherapy for hematological malignancies and autologous or allogeneic HSCT recipients expected to be hospitalized for 3 weeks. Yoga or iPad control contact occurred daily for 21 days (excluding weekends and holidays); fatigue and quality-of-life outcomes were measured at baseline, day 10, and day 21. Ten eligible subjects were identified; six subjects consented and were enrolled. Three were randomized to the individualized yoga intervention and three to the iPad control program. The median age of participants was 12 (range 8–15) years, and 2 (33%) were boys. Challenges primarily related to the hiring of yoga instructors who were not trained in research methods. We found issues with: (1) logistics of hiring, training, and retaining instructors; (2) communication between teams; (3) fidelity to the protocol and outcome assessments; and (4) ensuring safety. We found that a randomized trial of individualized yoga presented new challenges when relying on externally contracted yoga instructors. Future multicenter studies of yoga should seek to better integrate practitioners within the research team to improve processes, communication, fidelity to the protocol, and safety.
Comparison of Near-Fault Velocity Pulse-Like Ground Motions from the 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien, Taiwan, Earthquake with the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-West2 Ground-Motion Models and Directivity Models
Authors: Zhao Xiaofen , Wen Zengping , Xie Junju , Xie Quancai , Ching Kuo-En 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTPulse-like ground motions cause severe damage in structures at certain periods. Hence, pulse effects need to be considered during probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and seismic design in the near-fault region. Traditional ground-motion models used to quantify the hazard posed by pulse-like ground motions may underestimate them, but they are relatively suitable for describing the residual ground motions after extracting pulses. Nevertheless, the applicability of Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project (NGA-West2) models to pulse and residual ground motions has not been evaluated. Moreover, the applicability of recently developed directivity models, including the Shahi and Baker (2011; hereafter, SB2011), Chang et al. (2018; hereafter, Chang2018), and Rupakhety et al. (2011; hereafter, Rupakhety2011) models, has not been investigated for this event. Here, based on the abundance of pulse-like ground motions recorded during the Mw 6.4 Hualien earthquake, the applicability of NGA-West2 models and directivity models was quantitatively evaluated. In summary, (1) The applicability of NGA-West2 models to the observed original and residual ground motions varies significantly at different periods. The suggests that NGA-West2 models overestimate the original and residual ground motions for short periods (T&lt;1.0  s), but are suitable for describing the residual ground motions yet underestimate the original ground motions for long periods (T≥1.0  s). (2) Pulse periods and amplification bands due to pulses are unusually larger than previous events. Similar to the Chang2018 model, the plateau of this event starts and ends at the periods of 0.70 and 1.1 times the pulse period. However, the Chang2018 and SB2011 models underestimate the constant ordinate of this plateau. Spectral ordinates of the spectral shape curve due to pulses for the short period (∼Tn&lt;1.3  s) are smaller than the predictions from the Rupakhety2011 model. The trend was reversed for long periods (∼Tn&gt;3.0  s). Compared with the Rupakhety2011 model, the peak location of the spectral shape curve is shifted to the long period. These results will be helpful for updating these models in the near future.
Foreshocks of the 2018 ML 4.0 Shimian Earthquake in the Anninghe Fault and Its Implications for Earthquake Nucleation
Authors: Feng Tian , Wu Jianping , Fang Lihua , Guo Xiangyun , Cai Yan , Wang Weilai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractForeshock activity sometimes precedes large earthquakes, but how foreshocks relate to mainshock nucleation is still unclear with limited case studies existing. One way to further the understanding of the foreshock occurrence mechanism is to maximize the resolution of the foreshock characteristics by waveform-based earthquake detection and location. Here, we apply the match and locate method to scan continuous waveforms 30 days before and 44 days after the 2018 ML 4.0 Shimian earthquake in Sichuan, China, and obtain approximately three times more events than reported in a local catalog. The augmented seismicity suggests the existence of a blind small strike-slip fault deep in the east of the Anninghe fault. Forty-one foreshocks of magnitude ranging from ML−0.7 to 3.4 occurred within 4 hr before the mainshock and did not show an accelerating pattern leading up to the mainshock. Focal mechanisms are consistent between the mainshock and foreshocks, implying that the mainshock and foreshock hypocenters are located on the same fault plane. The high-precision relative locations reveal that most of the foreshocks rupture adjacent source patches along the fault plane, with little or partial overlap, which is consistent with cascade stress triggering from foreshocks to foreshocks to the mainshock. Our research is one of the few to focus on the foreshock sequence of moderate mainshocks and provides a new case for studying the mechanism of foreshocks of intraplate earthquakes with a low incidence of foreshocks.
Sex Differences in Clinical Outcomes Following Surgical Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Maerz Tristan , Nepple Jeffrey J. , Bedi Asheesh , Zaltz Ira , Belzile Étienne , Beaulé Paul E. , Sink Ernest L. ,   the ANCHOR Group, Clohisy John C. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Sex-based differences in clinical outcomes following surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement remain largely uncharacterized; this prospective, multicenter study evaluated these differences both directly and adjusted for covariates.

Methods:
Hips undergoing surgical treatment of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter cohort. Patient demographics, radiographic parameters, intraoperatively assessed disease severity, and history of surgical procedures, as well as patient-reported outcome measures, were collected preoperatively and at a mean follow-up of 4.3 years. A total of 621 (81.6%) of 761 enrolled hips met the minimum 1 year of follow-up and were included in the analysis; 56.7% of analyzed hips were female. Univariate and multivariable statistics were utilized to assess the direct and adjusted differences in outcomes, respectively.

Results:
Male hips had greater body mass index and larger α angles. Female hips had significantly lower preoperative and postoperative scores across most patient-reported outcome measures, but also had greater improvement from preoperatively to postoperatively. The preoperative differences between sexes exceeded the threshold for the minimal clinically important difference of the modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and all Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) domains except quality of life. Preoperative sex differences in mHHS, all HOOS domains, and Short Form-12 Health Survey physical function component score were greater than the postoperative differences. A greater proportion of female hips achieved the minimal clinically important difference for the mHHS, but male hips were more likely to meet the patient acceptable symptom state for this outcome. After adjusting for relevant covariates with use of multiple regression analysis, sex was not identified as an independent predictor of any outcome. Preoperative patient-reported outcome scores were a strong and highly significant predictor of all outcomes.

Conclusions:
Significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed between sexes in a large cohort of hips undergoing surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement. Despite female hips exhibiting lower baseline scores, sex was not an independent predictor of outcome or reoperation.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of Etiology, Radiographic Severity, and Comorbidities on Baseline Parent-Reported Health Measures for Children with Early-Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Ramo Brandon A. , McClung Anna , Jo Chan-Hee , Sanders James O. , Yaszay Burt , Oetgen Matthew E. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Spine Study Group (PSSG)
Published: January 2021

Background:
The Classification of Early-Onset Scoliosis (C-EOS) allows providers to differentiate patients, for clinical and research purposes, on the basis of the etiology of their disease as well as radiographic parameters. The Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ) is the first disease-specific, parent-reported HRQOL (health-related quality-of-life) outcome measure for this condition. We sought to determine the influence of the C-EOS etiology designation, radiographic parameters, and medical comorbidities on EOSQ scores to differentiate quality of life in this heterogeneous patient population. We hypothesized that baseline EOSQ scores for patients with EOS would be strongly affected by the C-EOS etiology designation.

Methods:
The analysis included prospectively enrolled patients with EOSQ scores recorded in a multicenter EOS database prior to intervention for the EOS. EOSQ scores were compared across C-EOS etiologies, severity of disease based on radiographic measurements, and patient comorbidities prior to scoliosis intervention.

Results:
Six hundred and ten patients with EOS were available for analysis; 119 had congenital, 201 had idiopathic, 156 had neuromuscular, and 134 had syndromic EOS. In multivariate analysis, neuromuscular and syndromic etiologies were associated with lower scores than congenital and idiopathic etiologies in many EOSQ domains including general health, transfer, daily living, fatigue/energy level, and emotion. Patients with neuromuscular EOS had the lowest EOSQ scores in general. Congenital and idiopathic EOS did not differ from each other in any EOSQ domain. Coronal Cobb and kyphosis angles had significant inverse but generally weak correlations with EOSQ domains. Individual medical comorbidities had a minor effect on certain domains while American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class and total number of comorbidities had inverse correlations with most domains.

Conclusions:
The underlying etiology of EOS appears to have a significant influence on the parent-reported HRQOL outcomes of the disease. Specifically, syndromic and neuromuscular C-EOS diagnoses are associated with lower EOSQ scores before treatment compared with congenital and idiopathic diagnoses. Radiographic measurements of severity have a relatively small influence on EOSQ scores. These baseline differences in C-EOS-designated etiology should be accounted for in studies comparing outcomes of treatment for this heterogeneous patient population.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Meniscal and Mechanical Symptoms Are Associated with Cartilage Damage, Not Meniscal Pathology
Authors: Farina Evan M. , Lowenstein Natalie A. , Chang Yuchiao , Arant Kaetlyn R. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Matzkin Elizabeth G. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Traditionally defined “meniscal” and “mechanical” symptoms are thought to arise from meniscal tears. Yet meniscal tears and cartilage damage commonly coexist in symptomatic knees. To better characterize the primary driver of these symptoms, we investigated whether the presence of preoperative patient-reported knee symptoms (PRKS), including knee catching/locking, grinding/clicking/popping, and pain with pivoting, are associated with various intra-articular pathological conditions diagnosed at knee arthroscopy.

Methods:
We collected prospective data from 565 consecutive patients who underwent knee arthroscopy from 2012 to 2019 and had PRKS collected via the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire. The diagnosis of meniscal pathology and concomitant cartilage damage was confirmed and classified intraoperatively. We used multivariable regression models, adjusting for possible confounders, to examine the association of specific pathological conditions of the knee with the presence of preoperative PRKS.

Results:
Tricompartmental cartilage damage was strongly associated with significantly worse PRKS, with an increase of 0.33 point (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08 to 0.58; p = 0.01) on a 0 to 4-point scale. We did not observe an association between meniscal pathology and preoperative PRKS.

Conclusions:
Contrary to current dogma, this study demonstrates that traditionally defined “meniscal” and “mechanical” knee symptoms are strongly associated with the burden and severity of underlying cartilage damage rather than with specific meniscal pathology.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ediacaran life close to land: Coastal and shoreface habitats of the Ediacaran macrobiota, the Central Flinders Ranges, South Australia
Authors: McMahon William J. , Liu Alexander G. , Tindal Benjamin H. , Kleinhans Maarten G. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe Rawnsley Quartzite of South Australia hosts some of the world's most diverse Ediacaran macrofossil assemblages, with many of the constituent taxa interpreted as early representatives of metazoan clades. Globally, a link has been recognized between the taxonomic composition of individual Ediacaran bedding-plane assemblages and specific sedimentary facies. Thorough characterization of fossil-bearing facies is thus of fundamental importance for reconstructing the precise environments and ecosystems in which early animals thrived and radiated, and distinguishing between environmental and evolutionary controls on taxon distribution. This study refines the paleoenvironmental interpretations of the Rawnsley Quartzite (Ediacara Member and upper Rawnsley Quartzite). Our analysis suggests that previously inferred water depths for fossil-bearing facies are overestimations. In the central regions of the outcrop belt, rather than shelf and submarine canyon environments below maximum (storm-weather) wave base, and offshore environments between effective (fair-weather) and maximum wave base, the succession is interpreted to reflect the vertical superposition and lateral juxtaposition of unfossiliferous non-marine environments with fossil-bearing coastal and shoreface settings. Facies comprise: 1, 2) amalgamated channelized and cross-bedded sandstone (major and minor tidally influenced river and estuarine channels, respectively), 3) ripple cross-laminated heterolithic sandstone (intertidal mixed-flat), 4) silty-sandstone (possible lagoon), 5) planar-stratified sandstone (lower shoreface), 6) oscillation-ripple facies (middle shoreface), 7) multi-directed trough- and planar-cross-stratified sandstone (upper shoreface), 8) ripple cross-laminated, planar-stratified rippled sandstone (foreshore), 9) adhered sandstone (backshore), and 10) planar-stratified and cross-stratified sandstone with ripple cross-lamination (distributary channels). Surface trace fossils in the foreshore facies represent the earliest known evidence of mobile organisms in intermittently emergent environments. All facies containing fossils of the Ediacaran macrobiota remain definitively marine. Our revised shoreface and coastal framework creates greater overlap between this classic “White Sea” biotic assemblage and those of younger, relatively depauperate “Nama”-type biotic assemblages located in Namibia. Such overlap lends support to the possibility that the apparent biotic turnover between these assemblages may reflect a genuine evolutionary signal, rather than the environmental exclusion of particular taxa.