bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERENCANAAN KEBUTUHAN ALAT BERAT PROYEK REKLAMASI PELABUHAN SORONG
Authors: Johanes Asdhi P. Diki Firmansah, Marjono, 
Published: April 2021

One disadvantages of Sorong Port is not able to accommodate the incoming vessels, as the container port has been united with the passenger port. Therefore, the northern coast is to be reclaimed to provide more port area. To make this 50,000-m² reclamation project run smoothly, the use of heavy equipment must be appropriate in terms of type, size, quantity, and site situation. The purpose of thesis is to find out the type of heavy equipment needed, the number of equipment needs, and the cost of heavy equipment. The required secondary data of Sorong shop drawings, work specifications, material and work unit price of Sorong 2016 and heavy equipment specifications. The planning comprised embankment and reclamation works.The planning results of heavy equipment comprising 1 units of excavator on 39 work weeks, 1 units of excavator long boom on 5 work weeks, 70 units of dump truck on 39 work weeks, 1 units of motor grader on 13 work weeks, 1 units of wheel loader on 10 work weeks, and 1 units of vibrator roller on 11 work weeks; at a total cost of IDR 56,343,100,000.00 Keywords: reclamation, productivity, heavy equipment
KAJIAN EKSPERIMENTAL POLA RETAK PADA SAMBUNGAN BALOK-KOLOM BETON PRACETAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SAMBUNGAN KERING
Authors: Cahyani Kharisma Nur , Soehardjono Agoes , Wibowo Ari 
Published: April 2021

There is a major problem in the installation of precast concrete system, namely connection. Connection on precast system must have strength that can withstand the loads that occur. One of the system used in precast concrete connection is by using dry connection method. Dry connection is a connection between precast concrete element using a steel plate as a connector, which is bolted or welded. Judging from the connection problems in precast concrete, a study was conducted to observed the behavior of precast beam-column connection observations are also made to analyze a collapse model, and a crack pattern between the joints of the beam-column precast. Keywords: precast concrete, dry connection, collapse model, crack pattern
METODE PENGENDALIAN RISIKO KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA (K3) Studi Kasus Pada Praktek Acuan Perancah Dan Praktek Kayu Jurusan Teknik Sipil Polinema
Authors: Subagyo Udi Udi 
Published: April 2021

Politeknik Negeri Malang adalah lembaga pendidikan profesional dalam jaringan pendidikan global dengan reputasi di bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi terapan, dalam hal tersebut jurusan teknik Sipil mempunyai kegiatan praktek kerja bengkel yang menunjang skill mahasiswa untuk dunia konstruksi. Oleh karena pekerjaan praktek acuan dan perancah dan praktek kerja kayu juga mengandung unsur unsur bahaya pekerjaan maka diperlukan Manajemen Risiko Kesehatan Dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3).Hasil metode pengendalian resiko pada praktek acuan & perancah terdapat 16 potensi bahaya risiko dari 5 proses kegiatan dengan potensi bahaya cukup besar adalah : Orang Jatuh 25% , dengan pekerjaan High Risk pada pekerjaan Scafolding 70%, dengan rekomendasi Penggunaan APD 85%, Eliminasi 29%,Engineering Control 29%, Tanda Peringatan,label & administrasi 28% dan Substitusi 19%. Dan pada praktek pekerjaan kayu terdapat 15 potensi bahaya risiko dari 3 proses kegiatan dengan potensi bahaya cukup besar adalah : Bising 21% , dengan pekerjaan High Risk pada pekerjaan pekerjaan Kayu menggunakan Mesin Statis 85% dengan rekomendasi Penggunaan APD 94%,Engineering Control 67%,Substitusi 14%,Tanda Peringatan,label & administrasi 7% dan Eliminasi 7%.
PERENCANAAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) KOMUNAL CLUSTER RIVERPLACE PERUMAHAN TIRTASANI KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Pudjowati, M.Si Dr. Dra. Utami Retno , Zenurianto Muhamad 
Published: April 2021

Tirtasani Estate doesn’t have communal wastewater treatment which makes the water polluted. To solve those problems, the writer intended to design wastewater treatment plant. This thesis aimed to (1) find the waswater discharge (2) design the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) system (3) estimate the cost of WWTP manufacturing.The data needed for this design were the map of the housing, Tirtasani estate’s topographic map, Work Unit Price of Malang District 2018. The data were obtained from site surveys.The design resulted in (1) 85.6 m3 / day wastwater discharge (2) wastewater discharge made into f 4” wastewater pipe; 3 unit of 30 m3 WWTP tank with Anaerobic aerobic system ; 3.25 m x 9.5 m x 3.5 m WWTP structure. Keywords: communal, design, WWTP
ANALISIS KUAT TEKAN DAN DENSITAS BETON NON-PASIR DENGAN CAMPURAN VARIAN ABU TERBANG MENGGUNAKAN MATLAB
Authors: Rasif Nahari , Dewi Indri Silvia , Aviani Nisya , Utama Widya 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine how the properties of non-sand concrete with variations in the amount of mixing fly ash. This property was analyzed by compressive strength test. We also do calculations using the MATLAB application with interactive script methods. There are 16 numbers of test objects conducted in this study. The specimen is cylindrical with a size of 7.5 cm and a height of 15 cm. Flying ash variations used ranged from 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%. In this research, we use 1: 6 between cement and gravel. The results of the average compressive strength obtained in the mixture of 0% fly ash are 1,172 MPa, 25% 0.871 MPa, 50% 2,367 MPa and 1,465 MPa for mixture of 75% fly ash. The best compressive strength results on the 50% fly ash mixture. The density is also affected by the mixing of this fly ash. The greater the mixing of the fly ash, the smaller the density value. Keywords: compressive strength, density, fly ash, MATLAB
KUAT TEKAN BETON PADA BERBAGAI VARIASI UMUR UJI DENGAN BAHAN RETARDER TETES GULA/ MOLASSES
Authors: Riyanto Sugeng 
Published: April 2021

Tetes gula atau Molasses merupakan hasil sampingan pada proses pembuatan gula dari tebu. Tetes gula ini berupa larutan kental berwarna hitam kecoklatan dan mempunyai sifat fisik yang mudah larut dalam air dingin dan kadar senyawa gula masih berkisar antara 50 – 60%. Secara umum, bahan additive bersifat retarder terbentuk dengan senyawa dasarnya gula, maka tetes gula pada kadar tertentu dapat digunakan sebagai retarder atau memperlambat proses hidrasi semen dalam beton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan kenaikan kuat tekan beton pada berbagai variasi umur dengan bahan retarder tetes gula dibandingkan terhadap campuran beton normal. Kadar tetes gula dinyatakan dalam volume per berat semen dan dibuat bervariasi dari 0,00 sampai 1,50 cc dengan interval 0,25 cc per kg semen. Sedangkan umur pengujian diambil 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 hari. Bentuk benda uji yang dibuat silinder Ø 15x30 cm, dengan masing-masing perlakuan diberikan perulangan 5 (lima) kali. Kuat tekan beton ditentukan melalui pengujian statis dengan menggunakan mesin uji tekan beton bertenaga listrik. Hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa tetes gula dapat digunakan sebagai retarder dengan kadar optimum tetes gula rerata 0,81 cc per kg semen dan persentase kenaikan kuat tekan beton 49,06%Kata-kata kunci: tetes gula/molasses, additive, retarder, kuat tekan beton
OPTIMALISASI CASHFLOW MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENJADWALAN EST DAN PENGATURAN SUMBERDAYA PADA PROYEK BANGUNAN GEDUNG
Authors: Riskijah Sitti Safiatus 
Published: April 2021

An appropriate and accurate management of financial source will be able to run activities of a project well and increases the contractor’s profit. This reasearch aims at determining the kind of optimum cashflow of a multi purpose construction project in Malang. Schedule, debits and credits, loan interest, installment plan, completed with the system of contract payment from the owner to the contractor were needed to make the cash flow. It was done by employing 20% and 0% down payment based on EST (Earlierst Start Time), 27 kinds of resource payment system varied in start, prorate, and end of cost, material, and work. Each Cash flow will not only determine the balance of payments and total credits of each period but also the profit. The findings the show that the kinds of Cash flow which gives maximum profit for contractors, are as follow: 1) the one based on EST with no down payment system at a difference profit of IDR 109.708.207,51 or 1,5%; 2) the one based on arrangement of cost, material, and work payment system which results in Start-End-End payment; 3) the application of the two Cash flow systems results in Start-End-End system is able to give maximum profit of IDR 7.869.632.694,74.Keywords: Cash flow, debit, credit, payment system, maximum profit
PEMANFAATAN SILINDER LIMBAH TES BETON SEBAGAI DINDING PENAHAN TANAH TIPE GRAVITASI
Authors: Muhammad, Gerard Aponno, Suselo Utoyo Dimas Prasetyo 
Published: April 2021

The utilization of concrete-test-cylindrical waste was few due to it’s tendency to roll over when being stacked and the stacked form was not uniform like cubed waste. That is why the writer wants to use the cylindrical waste as a material of gravity-typed retaining wall.The purpose of this study is to find out the stability, cost, and implemention method of cylindrical waste as a material such retaining wall.The stability analysis of retaining wall made from cylindrical concrete was compared to commonly stoned retaining wall through trial and error method. The next step was to make the construction of retaining wall made from cylindrical concrete and stone to see the implemetion method and cost needed per m3. Stability analysis results in cylindrical concrete retaining wall safe from rolling, sliding, and reaction of foundation soil. Compared to stoned retaining wall of 3,00 m tall and 1,70 m long, it has safety factor (SF) Fgl = 2.13, Fgs = 2,37, and qumax = 4,07 ton/m2 which means it is close to the FS of stoned retaining wall Fgl = 2.18, Fgs = 2,39, and qumax = 9,89 ton/m2 ; at IDR 1.012.093,74 per m3 which means it is IDR 389.553 more expensive ; and it is of horizontal arragement.Keywords: retaining wall, concrete-test cylinder, stability, cost estimate, horizontal arrangement.
KARAKTERISTIK CAMPURAN AC-BASE DENGAN ASPAL PENETRASI 60/70 DAN PENETRASI 80/100
Authors: Erdiansa Andi 
Published: April 2021

Asphalt Concrete Base adalah produk hasil pencampuran antara agregat kasar, agregat halus, filler, dan aspal keras pada suhu tertentu kemudian dihampar dan digilas pada suhu tertentu pula. Ciri khas dari campuran aspal AC-Base adalah penggunaan agregat bergradasi menerus.Disyaratkan dalam spesifikasi pekerjaan jalan diharuskan menggunakan aspal pen.60/70, salah satu hambatan yang ditemukanadalah stock aspal pen. 60/70 dipasaran tidak ada terutama aspal import, penggunaa beralih pada aspal curah atau aspal pen.80/100.Penelitian ini mencoba menggunakan Aspal penetrasi 60/70 dan penetrasi 80/100, metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Metode Marshall Test yang bertujuan membandingkan nilai karakteristik campuran AC-BaseHasil penelitian menunjukkan Karakteristik Campuran AC-Base untuk nilai stabilitas aspal pen.60/70 lebih tinggi sebaliknya nilai flow aspal pen.80/100 lebih besar, hal ini sangat dipengaruhi tingkat penetrasi dan titik leleh aspal. Nilai VFB aspal pen.80/100 lebih tinggi pada kadar aspal sampai 6%, sebaliknya nilai VIM 60/70 lebih tinggi. Sedangkan untuk kadar aspal lebih besar 6%, nilai VFB dan VIM grafiknya cendrung nilai keduanya sama. Perbandingan nilai VMA aspal pen.60/70 lebih besar dibandingkan aspal pen.80/100 pada kondisi kadar aspal lebih kecil dari 6% hal disebabkan titik leleh aspal 60/70 lebih tinggi. Sedangkan untukkadar aspal lebih besar dari 6 % nilai VMA aspal pen. 80/100 lebih tinggiKata Kunci: Penetrasi, Marshall Test, Karakteritik AC-Base
OPTIMASI PENGGUNAAN ALAT BERAT PADA PROYEK JALAN TOL GEMPOL-PANDAAN STA 5+500 – STA 11+500
Authors: Chrisna Wijaya, Fadjar Purnomo, Adi Muljo Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

Cut and fill is one of the jobs that have to be considered carefully because a lot of heavy equipment is employed. Due to its different capacity, heavy equipment must be carefully and properly selected to maximize its use and minimize the leasing cost. The objective of the study is to find out the optimal time used to operate each heavy equipment, and the leasing cost. The data were of 5 km project span consisting of 1.425 km cut and 4.575 m3 fill, 1,661,104 m3 cut volume and 377,685.9 m3 fill volume. Excavator PC200-8, dump truck Hino FM260 JD, dozer D65PE-12, compactor SD160 were employed during 1,925 hours, total cost of this project IDR 255.125.700.000,00, and percentage of cut and fill cost is 13,496%.First, identifying the work type and work volume was done to determine the suitable heavy equipment used and the number. Second, determining the decision variable, objective function, and problem function, then put them into linear programming. Those data were processed through LINDO program to find out duration and the overall cost of heavy equipment. The analyses result in 4 alternatives. Alternative 2 is of combination of 21 excavators PC200-8, 55 dump truck Hino FM260 JD, 1 dozers D65PE-12, and 2 compactors SD160. 1.902,13 hours duration at IDR 31.369.910.000,00 (thirtysix billion two hundred and twelve million thirtyseven thousand Indonesian rupiah) is chosen or 7%more expensive than contractor price.Keywords: cut and fill, heavy equipment, duration and total cost
PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN RANGKA BAJA BENTANG 50 METER
Authors: Putri, Sudarmanto, Yunaefi Risky Amaliya 
Published: April 2021

To facilitate the flow of transport from one region to the other region dan increase sectors of the economy the need for bridges as a means of connecting. Steel bridge is the one arranged from steel beam joined with gusset plate, binder keeling nails, bolts or welding. The purpose of the study is to design a 50 m-spam steel truss bridge of 10,4 m width. The design was based on Highway Bridge Loading Design, ASD and PPBBI 1984. The concrete strength is of (fc ') 30 MPa and the steel strength of BJ 44. Designed manually with no pillar, the bottom only consists of abutment and foundation. The main framework was designed by employing equilibrium of gusset point dan reitter method was employed to found out the beam force and influential linesof the framework. The soil survey data were obtained throught Begemann Friction Cone (Bikonus) or Dutch Cone Mechanical type test. The soil is melatirely similar type of sandy clay mix and hard soil in the depth of 5 meters. The design result in the main framework using profile WF 400 x 400 x 20 x 35, longitudinal girder of WF 350 x 350 x 13 x 13 dan crossed girder of WF 800 x 300 x 16 x 30 The foundation is of pile foundation at IDR 5.543.070.300,00,- within 172 work days.Keywords: steel, truss, bridge
Molecular Epidemiology of Hypervirulent Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Hu Dakang , Li Yuming , Ren Ping , Tian Dongxing , Chen Wenjie , Fu Pan , Wang Weiwen , Li Xiaobin , Jiang Xiaofei 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the overall distributions of key virulence genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae, especially the hypervirulent blaKPC-positive K. pneumoniae (Hv-blaKPC(+)-KP).MethodsA total of 521 complete genomes of K. pneumoniae from GenBank were collected and analyzed. Multilocus sequence typing, molecular serotyping, antibiotic-resistance, virulence genes and plasmid replicon typing were investigated.ResultsPositive rates of virulence genes highly varied, ranging from 2.9 (c-rmpA/A2) to 99.6% (entB). Totally 207 strains presented positive fimH, mrkD, entB and wzi and 190 showed positive fimH, mrkD, entB, irp2 and wzi, which were the two primary modes. A total of 94, 165 and 29 strains were denoted as hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (HvKP), blaKPC(+)-KP and Hv-blaKPC(+)-KP. ST11 accounted for 17 among the 29 Hv-blaKPC(+)-KP strains; Genes iucA, p-rmpA2 and p-rmpA were positive in 28, 26 and 18 Hv-blaKPC(+)-KP strains respectively. Among the 29 Hv-blaKPC(+)-KP strains exhibiting four super clusters from GenBank, IncHI1B plasmids carrying virulence genes and IncFII ones with blaKPC were responsible for both 23 strains respectively.ConclusionsPositive rates of virulence genes vary remarkably in K. pneumoniae. Genes iucA, p-rmpA2 and p-rmpA were primary ones inducing Hv-blaKPC(+)-KP. IncHI1B plasmids carrying virulence genes and IncFII ones with blaKPC constitute the primary combination responsible for Hv-blaKPC(+)-KP. The making of Hv-blaKPC(+)-KP is mostly via blaKPC(+)-KP acquiring another plasmid harboring virulence genes.
Contribution of Particulate and Mineral-Associated Organic Matter to Potential Denitrification of Agricultural Soils
Authors: Surey Ronny , Kaiser Klaus , Schimpf Corinna M. , Mueller Carsten W. , Böttcher Jürgen , Mikutta Robert 
Published: April 2021

Water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) is considered as the most important carbon (C) source for denitrifying organisms, but the contribution of individual organic matter (OM) fractions (i.e., particulate (POM) and mineral-associated (MOM)) to its release and, thus, to denitrification remains unresolved. Here we tested short-time effects of POM and MOM on potential denitrification and estimated the contribution of POM- and MOM-derived WEOC to denitrification and CO2 production of three agricultural topsoils. Suspensions of bulk soils with and without addition of soil-derived POM or MOM were incubated for 24 h under anoxic conditions. Acetylene inhibition was used to determine the potential denitrification and respective product ratio at constant nitrate supply. Normalized to added OC, effects of POM on CO2 production, total denitrification, and its product ratios were much stronger than those of MOM. While the addition of OM generally increased the (N2O + N2)-N/CO2-C ratio, the N2O/(N2O + N2) ratio changed differently depending on the soil. Gas emissions and the respective shares of initial WEOC were then used to estimate the contribution of POM and MOM-derived WEOC to total CO2, N2O, and N2O + N2 production. Water-extractable OC derived from POM accounted for 53–85% of total denitrification and WEOC released from MOM accounted for 15–47%. Total gas emissions from bulk soils were partly over- or underestimated, mainly due to nonproportional responses of denitrification to the addition of individual OM fractions. Our findings show that MOM plays a role in providing organic substrates during denitrification but is generally less dominant than POM. We conclude that the denitrification potential of soils is not predictable based on the C distribution over POM and MOM alone. Instead, the source strength of POM and MOM for WEOC plus the WEOC’s quality turned out as the most decisive determinants of potential denitrification.
Case Report: Interferon-γ Restores Monocytic Human Leukocyte Antigen Receptor (mHLA-DR) in Severe COVID-19 With Acquired Immunosuppression Syndrome
Authors: Dickel Steffen , Grimm Clemens , Amschler Katharina , Schnitzler Sebastian Uwe , Schanz Julie , Moerer Onnen , Payen Didier , Tampe Bjoern , Winkler Martin Sebastian 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II characterized by monocytes CD14+ expression of human leukocyte antigen receptors (HLA-DR), is essential for the synapse between innate and adaptive immune response in infectious disease. Its reduced expression is associated with a high risk of secondary infections in septic patients and can be safely corrected by Interferon-y (IFNy) injection. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) induces an alteration of Interferon (IFN) genes expression potentially responsible for the observed low HLA-DR expression in circulating monocytes (mHLA-DR).MethodsWe report a case of one-time INFy injection (100 mcg s.c.) in a superinfected 61-year-old man with COVID-19–associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with monitoring of mHLA-DR expression and clinical tolerance.ObservationsLow mHLA-DR pretreatment expression (26.7%) was observed. IFNy therapy leading to a rapid increase in mHLA-DR expression (83.1%).ConclusionsSevere ARDS in a COVID-19 patient has a deep reduction in mHLA-DR expression concomitantly with secondary infections. The unique IFNy injection was safe and led to a sharp increase in the expression of mHLA-DR. Based on immune and infection monitoring, more cases of severe COVID-19 patients with low mHLA-DR should be treated by IFNy to test the clinical effectiveness.
Microcirculatory Response to Changes in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Pump Flow: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Wei Tzu-Jung , Wang Chih-Hsien , Chan Wing-Sum , Huang Chi-Hsiang , Lai Chien-Heng , Wang Ming-Jiuh , Chen Yih-Sharng , Ince Can , Lin Tzu-Yu , Yeh Yu-Chang 
Published: April 2021

Background: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) pump flow is crucial for maintaining organ perfusion in patients with cardiogenic shock, but VA-ECMO pump flow optimization remains as a clinical challenge. This study aimed to investigate the response of sublingual microcirculation to changes in VA-ECMO pump flow.Methods: Sublingual microcirculation was measured before and after changing VA-ECMO pump flow according to the treatment plan of ECMO team within 24 h and at 24-48 h after VA-ECMO placement. In clinical events of increasing VA-ECMO pump flow, those events with increased perfused vessel density (PVD) were grouped into group A, and the others were grouped into group B. In clinical events of decreasing VA-ECMO pump flow, those events with increased PVD were grouped into group C, and the others were grouped into group D.Results: Increased PVD was observed in 60% (95% CI, 38.5–81.5%) of the events with increasing VA-ECMO pump flow. The probability of increasing PVD after increasing VA-ECMO pump flow were higher in the events with a PVD &lt; 15 mm/mm2 at baseline than those with a PVD ≥ 15 mm/mm2 [100% (95% CI, 54.1–100%) vs. 42.9% (95% CI, 17.7–71.1%), P = 0.042]. Other microcirculatory and hemodynamic parameters at baseline did not differ significantly between group A and B or between group C and D.Conclusion: This study revealed contradictory and non-contradictory responses of sublingual microcirculation to changes in VA-ECMO pump flow. Tandem measurements of microcirculation before and after changing VA-ECMO pump flow may help to ensure a good microcirculation.