bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservation of Features of Anatomical Polymorphism of Deschampsia antarctica É. Desv. (Poaceae) During In Vitro Clonal Reproduction
Authors: Nuzhyna Nataliia , Kunakh Viktor , Poronnik Oksana , Parnikoza Ivan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We studied the anatomical features of the leaf structure of
Deschampsia antarctica
É. Desv. (Poaceae) obtained from seeds collected from different habitats of the maritime Antarctic. These plants have been maintained in culture in vitro for more than 7 years. The plants include stable chromosome forms comprising diploids (2
n
= 26), a diploid plant with B-chromosomes (2
n
= 26 + 0–3B), a triploid with rearranged chromosome morphology, and myxoploids with different ratios of diploid and nondiploid cells in the root meristem. The
D. antarctica
plants that were studied generally had a similar anatomical structure in culture in vitro and in nature. At the same time, plants of different cultivated genotypes also displayed their own leaf structure features. In particular, qualitative features included asymmetric four-ribs and five-rib leaves instead of typical three-rib leaves for some genotypes, some individuals characterized by the presence of unicellular nonglandular pointed trichomes on an adaxial side, differences in vascular bundle sheath, and other features. No clear dependence of the anatomical structural features on the chromosomal status of the studied genotypes was evident. At the same time, differences were evident in traits that included the number of stomata, thickness of the outer cell walls of the epidermis, bundles sheath state, number of leaf ribs, and the persistent presence of trichomes under prolonged in vitro cloning. The findings indicate that
D. antarctica
plants collected from different locations of the maritime Antarctic for long-term cultivation in vitro under standard cultivation conditions retain the anatomical characteristics of the wild plants. The polymorphism of in vitro-cultivated plants is not related to the polymorphism of their karyotype, but is apparently due to the heterogeneity of the original plants and possibly the epigenetic fixation of a number of anatomical features produced in the natural microhabitats of
D. antarctica
populations.
Respiratory Function and Muscle Strength Vs. Past Work Type: a Cross-Sectional Study Among Retirees
Authors: Trzmiel Tomasz , Pieczyńska Anna , Zasadzka Ewa , Pawlaczyk Mariola 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the effects of past occupational activity on muscle strength and respiratory function among retirees.
Methods
A total of 205 community-dwelling older adults participated in the study. Age (≥60 years) and cessation of professional activity (retirement) constituted the inclusion criteria. The International Standardized Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) was used to stratify the participants into white-or blue-collar groups. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV) in the first second, inspiratory vital capacity (IVC) parameters, and hand grip strength were tested.
Results
Statistically significant differences in IVC and FVC scores were found in white- and blue-collar workers after adjusting for sex and age (ANCOVA). White-collar men had significantly higher IVC as compared to blue-collar men.
Conclusions
Blue-collar male workers may be prone to deteriorating respiratory function in older age. It is vital to promote physical activity and educate blue-collar workers about the need to use respiratory protective equipment.
Mediebilledet af dansk medieforskning [Media Images of Media Research in Denmark]
Authors: Wien Charlotte 
Published: December 2021

A strange relationship exists between media and journalism researchers and Danish journalists. The nature of the relationship might be described as mixed feelings based on a mutual lack of respect and knowledge between the two professions. The aim of this article is to explore this relationship. Using qualitative text analyses, I trace the media’s descriptions of research in media and journalism, and through the analyses discuss the conception and stereotypes of this research as it is reflected in the media.
My analyses show that media coverage of media research can be divided into three categories based on the roles played by media research and researchers. The first category of articles depicts media researchers as the suppliers of “facts and figures” about media performance. The second mainly describes the component of media research that analyses how the audience is affected by the media. And finally, the third category of articles addresses the research in news media and journalism.
Effects of probiotic supplements on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of partridge shank broiler chicks
Authors: Ye Yizhe , Li Zhiquan , Wang Ping , Zhu Bin , Zhao Min , Huang Dongyan , Ye Yu , Ding Zhen , Li Longrui , Wan Gen , Wu Qiong , Song Deping , Tang Yuxin 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe benefits of probiotics being used in animals are well-documented via evidenced growth performance improvement and positive modulations of gut microbiota (GM). Thus, a combination of effective microorganisms (EM) has been frequently used in animal production, including broilers. However, there are only very limited reports of EM on the growth performance and the modulation in GM of partridge shank broiler chicks.MethodsWe attempted to evaluate the effects of a basal diet with the addition of an EM mixture on the growth performance and gut microbiome of the chicks. A total of 100 ten-day-old female partridge shank broiler chicks were randomly divided into two groups of 50 chicks each, of which, one group fed with EM supplementation in the basal diet (designated as EM-treated group), the other group just fed with a basal diet (referred as to non-EM treated group or control group). The body weight, daily feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion ratio and other growth parameters were observed and compared between EM-treated and non-EM-treated chicks, and the gut microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA-based next generation sequencing (NGS).ResultsEM-treated chicks showed significantly increased performances in body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR). Histological observation indicated that dietary supplementation of EM significantly increased the villus heights (VH) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD), while decreased the CD of jejunum, ilea, and ceca. The results of 16S rRNA-based gut microbiota analyses showed thatFirmicutesaccounted for the most of the relative abundance (63.24%∼92.63%), followed byProteobacteria(0.62%∼23.94%),Bacteroidetes(0.80%∼7.85%),Actinobacteria(0.06%∼13.69%) and others in both EM-treated and non-EM-treated broiler chicks. The addition of EM could not alter the alpha diversity of gut microbiota. Compared with the non-EM-treated chicks, the abundances of bad bacteria in the phyla ofFirmicutes,Euryarchaeota, andRuminococcuswere dramatically decreased in that of EM-treated chicks, while the abundances of good bacteria in the phyla ofActinobacteriaandWPS-2were significantly increased.ConclusionsThe supplementation of EM in feed could improve the growth performance and positively influence the morphological characteristics of the intestine, and ameliorate the community and structure of the intestinal microbiota of partridge shank broiler chicks.
Objective Evaluation of Efficacy of Decortication in Chronic Pleural Empyema in Adult Patients
Authors: Elrashedy Samar Ahmed , Elgariah Mohamed Abd Elrahman , Abo Elnasr Mohamed Mahmoud , Wahb Ehab Abd Elmoneim 
Published: December 2021

Background: Chronic pleural empyema (CPE) is the last phase of the triphasic process of pleural empyema development. Lung decortication is the corner stone in management of chronic empyema. This study aimed to objectively evaluate the efficacy of conventional decortication operation in chronic pleural empyema in adult patients. Also to prove that decortication of variable sizes of chronic empyema thoracis lesions is followed by improvement considering respiratory impairment.
Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted on 103 patients undergoing elective lung decortication operation for management of chronic empyema. All patients were subjected to the history taking, general examination, chest examination, computed tomography (CT), pulmonary function test and arterial blood gases. Postoperative evaluation was done in outpatient clinic 6 months post operatively including: Full clinical examination, investigations (acute phase reactants, CT chest, PFT and arterial blood gases.
Results: Total leucocytic count, ESR 1st hour, ESR 2nd hour and CRP were significantly decreased in post than pre. FEV1 and FVC were significantly increased in post than pre (P <0.001). FEV1 / FVC Ratio was significantly decreased in post than pre (P <0.001). Transverse and antero-posterior diameters of affected hemithorax were significantly increased in post than pre (P <0.001, 0.019 respectively). Transverse and antero-posterior diameters of normal hemithorax were insignificantly different between post and pre. PaO2 and SpO2 were significantly increased in post than pre (P <0.001). PaCO2 was significantly decreased in post than pre (P <0.001).
Conclusions: The improvement in the lung function, arterial blood gases, transverse and antero-posterior diameter of affected and normal hemithorax was proposed to have resulted from the decortication in chronic empyema thoracis. Decortication of variable sizes of chronic pleural empyema lesions is followed by objective improvement considering respiratory impairment.
Netra Tarpana - An Efficacious Rejuvenate Local Medication of Eye and Standardizing Samayak Tarpita lakshana of Netra with the Help of Questionnaire
Authors: M. Nayak Yamini , Keskar Manjiri , Pandey Praveen , Shukla Abhishek 
Published: November 2021

Ayurved is one of the great gifts of the sages of ancient India to mankind. It is not only a system of medicine in the conventional sense of curing disease but also a way of life that teaches us how to maintain & protect health. Kriyakalp is the main therapeutic process for Netra rogas. Kriyakalp means the procedures in which various drugs are applied in & around the eye ball as a treatment modality. the importance of Ayurvedic treatment in the diseases of eyes cannot be ignored. There is a great need to find out an ocular procedure for prevention and treatment of eye diseases having no or least adverse effect. Tarpan karma is one of the local therapeutic procedures which if promptly used shows objective evidences of excellent responses. In this Article there is a review on Netra Tarpana Karma, their indications, contraindications and possible mode of action , Standardiging Samayak Tarpita Lakshan with the help of Questionnaire.
Questionnaire is discussed with expert, we discussed action and we have finalized the Questionnaire with the Stalwarts of Shalakya Tantra.
Lower Incisor Positions in Different Malocclusions and Facial Pattern
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Saba . , Lal Ramesh , Farooq Amber , Bashir Uzma , Hussain Nadeem 
Published: November 2021

Aims: The position of lower incisor has been of significant concern when seeking orthodontic treatment plan, it has been recognized as one of diagnostic key and play an important in the development of normal occlusion and facial pattern. This study was aimed at the determination of lower incisor position and its possible association with different sagittal malocclusions and facial patterns.
Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics Institute of Dentistry Liaquat University Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro between June 2019 to July 2020.
Methodology: Ninety-seven pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographies were taken, and they were classified sagittally into skeletal class I, II and III, and vertically into normodivergent, hyperdivergent and hypodivergent facial pattern using ANB and SNMP, respectively. Lower incisor position was assessed by means of FMIA and IMPA. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to check any association between lower incisor position and sagittal malocclusion and facial pattern. P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The study sample consisted of 97 patients. The mean age of the patients was 25.55 SD ±3.93. The mean SNMP value was 28.84 SD ±7.354 and mean ANB value 4.809 SD ±3.85. Mean Incisor position based on IMPA was 98.598 SD ± 9.413 and FMIA 54 SD ±9.995. Intra and interobserver reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging between 0.825 and 0.990 respectively. The ANOVA test results showed significant relationship between the sagittal malocclusion and incisor position with P value .036. The Bonferroni analysis indicated that statistically significant association existed in term of lower incisor position between Class II and Class III malocclusion with P value .047. Test results further indicated that there is no significant difference in the position of lower incisor in relation to facial pattern with P value .355.
Conclusions: Statistically significant association was found between lower incisor position with respect to the sagittal malocclusion. However, no significant association was found between facial pattern and lower incisor position.
Interpolymer Complex of Chitosan and Eudragit L-100: Preparation, Characterization and Drug Release Behavior
Authors: Bute Shrikant , Gupta Saurabh , Wadher Kamlesh , Naidu Nikita , Umekar Milind 
Published: December 2021

Aims: The aim of the present investigation was to prepare interpolymer complex between Chitosan and Eudragit L100, and to evaluate its performance as a matrix for controlled release of drugs, using Diclofenac sodium as a model.
Methodology: Interpolymer complex were prepared by combining different % chitosan solutions with different % Eudragit L100 solutions in different ratios. The formation of interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC) between carbopol and Chitosan was investigated, using turbidimetry and viscosity measurement. The structure of the prepared IPEC was investigated using FTIR spectroscopy and DSC. A Rotary compression press was used to formulate matrix tablets of diclofenac sodium using polymers in physical mixture and IPECs.The amount of Diclofenac Sodium released in the dissolution medium was determined spectrophotometrically at 276 nm.
Results: The results of the present investigation confirmed the formation of an interpolyelectrolyte complex between Chitosan and Eudragit L 100. The release of the model drug Diclofenac sodium was significantly controlled from tablets made up of the IPEC as compared with polymers alone and in combination. Release profiles were represented by a mathematical model, which indicates that the prepared system releases drug in a zero-order manner by changing the ratio of the IPEC in the tablets.
Conclusion: Controlled release drug delivery systems designed to manipulate the drug release to achieve specific clinical objectives that are unattainable with conventional dosage forms.
Work e-mail after hours and off-job duration and their association with psychological detachment, actigraphic sleep, and saliva cortisol: A 1-month observational study for information technology employees
Authors: Kubo Tomohide , Izawa Shuhei , Ikeda Hiroki , Tsuchiya Masao , Miki Keiichi , Takahashi Masaya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
A sufficient duration of time off after work is necessary to ensure workers’ health. Better quality of off-job time can also facilitate recovery from fatigue, but its quantitative influence is largely unknown. We aimed to examine how off-job time quality (as measured by the frequency of emailing after work), and off-job duration is associated with psychological detachment, actigraphic sleep, and saliva cortisol using a 1-month observational study.

Methods
The participants were 58 daytime employees working at an information technology company. Sleep actigraphy and saliva cortisol as well as self-reported outcomes were repeatedly measured for 1 month. Two-way (work e-mail frequency × off-job time) multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analyses were performed in both continuous and categorical variables.

Results
The frequency of work e-mailing after hours was significantly associated with self-reported outcomes and actigraphic sleep quality, while a significant association was not found in cortisol awakening responses and actigraphic sleep duration. A significantly larger cortisol response after awakening was found in shorter, rather than longer, durations of off-job time. Self-reported detachment, rumination and carry-over fatigue showed significant interactions between work e-mail and off-job time, suggesting that worse outcomes were found in a higher frequency of work e-mail even when employees had longer amounts of off-job time.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that ensuring the quality and duration of off-job time is beneficial for recovery from work with sufficient sleep. Specifically, the frequency of e-mailing after work should be minimized to make recovery complete.
Toward Sustainable Crop Protection: Aqueous Dispersions of Biodegradable Particles with Tunable Release and Rainfastness
Authors: Pirzada Tahira , Sohail Mariam , Tripathi Anurodh , Farias Barbara V. , Mathew Reny , Li Chunying , Opperman Charles H. , Khan Saad A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFabrication of aqueous particulate dispersions of biodegradable cellulose esters (CEs) as efficient carriers of agrochemical active‐ingredients (AIs) for foliar applications, is reported. The use of different ester substituent groups on CE permits modulation of particle morphology and size, from irregular shapes (<350 nm) to spheres (≈1.1 µm diameter), while maintaining stability as supported by minimal change in zeta potential and particle size over one year. Rainfastness is tested by simulating >50 mm h−1 rainfall on coated banana and tomato leaves and silicon. Surface coverage loss as low as 9%, based on the nature of leaf and formulation, confirms the rainfastness of the formulations. Variation in the release kinetics of a model AI fluopyram from different CEs can be attributed to the particle morphology and the nature of binding between fluopyram and various CEs. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrates spontaneous binding between fluopyram and multiple sites of CEs, justifying its two‐step release from CE particles. System functionalities are corroborated via in‐vitro fungal inhibition assays demonstrating a 100% inhibition of the fungal growth. This “lab‐to‐leaf” approach of materials development involving fundamental insights and functional performance reveals CE dispersions are promising green agricultural formulations with the potential to impact a myriad of crops around the globe.
Fast Intercalation in Locally Ordered Carbon Nanocrystallites for Superior Potassium Ions Storage
Authors: Han Xu , Chen Tianming , Zhang Panpan , Qi Ying , Yang Pan , Zhao Yanhua , Shao Meng , Wu Jiansheng , Weng Jiena , Li Sheng , Huo Fengwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHard carbons (HCs) have great potential as anode material for high‐performance potassium ion batteries (PIBs). However, due to the complexity of HCs, the relationship between their structures and potassium (K) storage behaviors is still not quite clear. Here, three types of HCs with different structures are designed for further understanding the electrochemical storage processes. Among them, the carbon spheres (CS) exhibit impressive rate performance (161.6 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1) and cycle stability (140.2 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 500 cycles). The superior performance of CS can be mainly ascribed to the intercalation into its locally‐ordered carbon nanocrystallites, and the charge/discharge processes are further characterized with significant pseudocapacitive dominating. Suitable nanocrystalline size and the ratio of defects with proper morphology are the key factors to improve K storage efficiency. This work will contribute to understanding the role of these factors in the K storage performance of carbon materials.
Microstructurally Tailored Thin β‐Ag2Se Films toward Commercial Flexible Thermoelectrics
Authors: Lei Yan , Qi Ruijuan , Chen Miaoying , Chen Hong , Xing Chengcheng , Sui Fengrui , Gu Longyan , He Weiwei , Zhang Yange , Baba Takahiro , Baba Tetsuya , Lin Hong , Mori Takao , Koumoto Kunihito , Lin Yuan , Zheng Zhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAiming to overcome both the structural and commercial limitations of flexible thermoelectric power generators, an efficient room‐temperature aqueous selenization reaction that can be completed in air within less than 1 min, to directly fabricate thin β‐Ag2Se films consisting of perfectly crystalline and large columnar grains with both in‐plane randomness and out‐of‐plane [201] preferred orientation, is designed. A high power factor (PF) of 2590 ± 414 µW m−1K−2and a figure‐of‐merit (zT) of 1.2 ± 0.42 are obtained from a sample with a thickness of ≈1 µm. The maximum output power density of the best 4‐leg thermoelectric generator sample reach 27.6 ± 1.95 and 124 ± 8.78 W m−2at room temperature with 30 and 60 K temperature differences, respectively, which may be useful in future flexible thermoelectric devices.
Reliable and Remote Monitoring of Absolute Temperature during Liver Inflammation via Luminescence‐Lifetime‐Based Nanothermometry
Authors: Shen Yingli , Lifante José , Zabala‐Gutierrez Irene , de la Fuente‐Fernández María , Granado Miriam , Fernández Nuria , Rubio‐Retama Jorge , Jaque Daniel , Marin Riccardo , Ximendes Erving , Benayas Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTemperature of tissues and organs is one of the first parameters affected by physiological and pathological processes, such as metabolic activity, acute trauma, or infection‐induced inflammation. Therefore, the onset and development of these processes can be detected by monitoring deviations from basal temperature. To accomplish this, minimally invasive, reliable, and accurate measurement of the absolute temperature of internal organs is required. Luminescence nanothermometry is the ideal technology for meeting these requirements. Although this technique has lately undergone remarkable developments, its reliability is being questioned due to spectral distortions caused by biological tissues. In this work, how the use of bright Ag2S nanoparticles featuring temperature‐dependent fluorescence lifetime enables reliable and accurate measurement of the absolute temperature of the liver in mice subjected to lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation is demonstrated. Beyond the remarkable thermal sensitivity (≈ 3% °C–1 around 37 °C) and thermal resolution obtained (smaller than 0.3 °C), the results included in this work set a blueprint for the development of new diagnostic procedures based on the use of intracorporeal temperature as a physiological indicator.