bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photosynthesis in response to salinity and submergence in two Rhizophoraceae mangroves adapted to different tidal elevations
Authors: Wang C-W , Wong S-L , Liao T-S , Weng J-H , Chen M-N , Huang M-Y , Chen C-I 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to rising sea levels. When the sea level rises, the plants are exposed to increased salinity and tidal submergence. In Taiwan, the mangrove species Kandelia obovata and Rhizophora stylosa grow in different habitats and at different elevations. To understand the response of photosynthesis to salinity and submergence in mangroves adapted to different tidal elevations, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured in K. obovata and R. stylosa under different salinity (20 and 40‰) and submergence treatments. The period of light induction of photosynthesis for the two mangrove species was &gt;60 min. In the induction process, the increase in photosystem efficiency was faster than the increase in stomatal opening, but CO2 fixation efficiency was restricted by stomatal conductance. The constraint of stomatal opening speed is related to the conservative water-use strategy developed in response to mangrove environments. Submergence increased the photosynthetic rate of K. obovata, but not that of R. stylosa. Although R. stylosa was more salt tolerant than K. obovata, R. stylosa was not submergence tolerant in a high-salinity environment, which may be the reason for the higher intertidal elevations observed for R. stylosa in comparison with K. obovata. The photosynthetic rate and energy-dependent quenching (qE) of the two mangroves presented a negative relationship with photoinhibition, and high-salt treatment simultaneously reduced photosynthetic rate and qE. A decrease in the photosynthetic rate increased excess energy, whereas a decrease in qE decreased photoprotection; both increased photoinhibition. As the degree of photoinhibition can be easily measured in the field, it is a useful ecological monitoring index that provides a suitable reference for mangrove restoration, habitat construction and ecological monitoring.
SGT1-Specific Domain Mutations Impair Interactions with the Barley MLA6 Immune Receptor in Association with Loss of NLR Protein
Authors: Chapman Antony V. E. , Elmore J. Mitch , McReynolds Maxwell , Walley Justin W. , Wise Roger P. 
Published: December 2021

The Mla (Mildew resistance locus a) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an effective model for cereal immunity against fungal pathogens. Like many resistance proteins, variants of the MLA coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (CC-NLR) receptor often require the HRS complex (HSP90, RAR1, and SGT1) to function. However, functional analysis of Sgt1 has been particularly difficult, as deletions are often lethal. Recently, we identified rar3 (required for Mla6 resistance 3), an in-frame Sgt1ΔKL308-309 mutation in the SGT1-specific domain, that alters resistance conferred by MLA but without lethality. Here, we use autoactive MLA6 and recombinant yeast-two-hybrid strains with stably integrated HvRar1 and HvHsp90 to determine that this mutation weakens but does not entirely disrupt the interaction between SGT1 and MLA. This causes a concomitant reduction in MLA6 protein accumulation below the apparent threshold required for effective resistance. The ΔKL308-309 deletion had a lesser effect on intramolecular interactions than alanine or arginine substitutions, and MLA variants that display diminished interactions with SGT1 appear to be disproportionately affected by the SGT1ΔKL308-309 mutation. We hypothesize that those dimeric plant CC-NLRs that appear unaffected by Sgt1 silencing are those with the strongest intermolecular interactions with it. Combining our data with recent work in CC-NLRs, we propose a cyclical model of the MLA-HRS resistosome interactions. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2022.
Local Recurrence of Melanoma Is Higher After Wide Local Excision Versus Mohs Micrographic Surgery or Staged Excision: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pride Renee L.D. , Miller Christopher J. , Murad M. Hassan , Erwin Patricia J. , Brewer Jerry D. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
Complete removal of melanoma is a primary goal of excision, and local recurrence is one measure to evaluate the efficacy of surgical technique.

OBJECTIVE
To compare published local recurrence rates for melanoma treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) or staged excision versus wide local excision (WLE).

METHODS AND MATERIALS
Search of 6 databases identified comparative and noncomparative studies that reported local recurrence rates after MMS, staged excision, or WLE for melanoma. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) from comparative studies and event rates from noncomparative studies.

RESULTS
Of the 71 studies included (16,575 patients), 12 were comparative studies (2,683 patients) and 56 were noncomparative studies (13,698 patients). Comparative studies showed increased recurrence after WLE compared with MMS or staged excision (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4–4.6) and compared with MMS alone (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.8–5.9). Pooled data from comparative and noncomparative studies showed a local recurrence rate of 7% after WLE (95% CI, 5%–11%), 3% after staged excision (95% CI, 2%–4%), and less than 1% after MMS (95% CI, 0%–1%). Statistical heterogeneity was moderate to high.

CONCLUSION
Local recurrence of melanoma is significantly lower after MMS (<1%) and staged excision (3%) compared with WLE (7%).
Treatment Options and Outcomes for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nail Unit: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ning Anne Y. , Levoska Melissa A. , Zheng David X. , Carroll Bryan T. , Wong Christina Y. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
Nail squamous cell carcinoma (nSCC) is the most common nail unit malignancy. However, no studies to date have evaluated treatment options for nSCC based on recurrence data while controlling for invasion.

OBJECTIVE
To identify temporal trends in nSCC treatment modalities and compare treatment outcomes based on invasion.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
The authors performed a systematic review of articles published on PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus from inception to April 2020 reporting treatment of nSCC. The primary outcome was disease recurrence.

RESULTS
Reports of nSCC treatments have increased in the past decade. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is the most common treatment reported overall. The lowest recurrence rates for in situ nSCC were seen with wide surgical excision (WSE) and MMS. For invasive disease, the recurrence rates were lowest with amputation, MMS, and WSE.

CONCLUSION
Complete surgical excision of nSCC with either WSE or MMS is associated with lower recurrence rates than limited excision and nonsurgical therapies, regardless of degree of invasion. The prognostic significance of in situ versus invasive disease remains unclear. Confirmation of complete excision may improve outcomes. Digital amputation is indicated for nSCC with bone invasion. Prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to directly compare surgical modalities for nSCC.
Speech Perception Performance Growth and Benchmark Score Achievement After Cochlear Implantation for Single-Sided Deafness
Authors: Nassiri Ashley M. , Wallerius Katherine P. , Lohse Christine M. , Marinelli John P. , Saoji Aniket A. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Neff Brian A. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
Compare speech perception performance growth and benchmark score achievement among adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients with single-sided deafness (SSD) versus bilateral moderate to profound hearing loss.

Study Design:
Retrospective matched cohort analysis.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Adults with SSD or bilateral moderate to profound hearing sensorineural hearing loss who underwent cochlear implantation from 2014 to 2019.

Interventions:
Cochlear implantation.

Main outcome measures:
Time-to-benchmark speech perception score (CNC, AzBio in quiet) and speech performance within first postoperative year.

Results:
Thirty-three SSD patients were matched to 66 bilateral hearing loss patients (referent cohort) for duration of deafness and preoperative ipsilateral CNC scores. Although SSD patients were more likely to achieve benchmark CNC scores more quickly compared with matched referents, this difference did not reach statistical significance (HR 1.72; 95% CI 0.78–3.82; p = 0.18). AzBio scores showed similar trends (HR 1.40; 95% CI 0.66–2.98; p = 0.38). At last follow-up, the SSD cohort had lower CNC (median 54% vs. 62%; p = 0.019) and AzBio scores (median 72% vs. 84%; p = 0.029) compared to the referent cohort.

Conclusions:
No significant difference in speech perception performance growth (i.e., time-to-benchmark speech perception score) was identified between SSD and bilateral hearing loss CI recipients, although patients with bilateral hearing loss achieved higher scores in the implanted ear within the first year of follow-up.
No COVID-19 in Patients With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL)
Authors: van Rijssen L. Bengt , Derks Wynia , Hoffmans Ruth , van Looij Marjolein A. , van Maanen J. Peter , van Monsjou Hester S. , Nyst Heike J. , van Rijn Peter M. , Vermeeren Lenka , de Vries Nico , Ravesloot Madeline J. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Various case reports have described sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our aim was to determine the incidence of COVID-19 in patients with SSNHL.

Methods:
All consecutive patients with audiometric confirmed SSNHL between November 2020 and March 2021 in a Dutch large inner city teaching hospital were included. All patients were tested for COVID-19 by polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) and awaited the results in quarantine.

Results:
Out of 25 patients, zero (0%) tested positive for COVID-19. Two patients had previously tested positive for COVID-19: at three and eight months prior to the onset of hearing loss.

Conclusions:
This is the largest series to date investigating COVID-19 in SSNHL patients. In this series there is no apparent relationship between SSNHL and COVID-19.
Congenital Aural Stenosis With Cholesteatoma
Authors: Casazza Geoffrey C. , Jonas Rachel H. , Kesser Bradley W. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Compare surgical and audiological outcomes of patients with congenital aural stenosis (CAS) with cholesteatoma to patients with CAS without cholesteatoma and patients with complete congenital aural atresia (CCAA).

Study Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Tertiary care hospital.

Patients:
Patients with CAS (with and without cholesteatoma) and CCAA.

Intervention:
Surgery for CAS/CAA.

Main Outcome Measures:
Patients with CAS and CAA undergoing surgical repair from June 2004 to July 2020 were identified from an institutional database. Included patients were divided by presence of a canal cholesteatoma. Clinical history, pre- and postoperative audiometric data, and clinical outcomes were compared.

Results:
Of the 283 patients (300 ears), 18 (19 ears) had a canal cholesteatoma. When compared to ears without cholesteatoma (CCAA ears plus CAS ears without cholesteatoma), ears with cholesteatoma were more likely to be younger (9.2 ± 6.6 vs. 11.5 ± 9.2; p = 0.015), female (66.7% vs. 38.1%; p = 0.02; OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.18–8.9), and have normal/Grade I microtia (47.4% vs. 9.6%; p < 0.0001; OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.044–0.32), but not a history of draining ear (5.3% vs. 0%; p = 0.05; OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.004–0.999). Preoperative audiometric data demonstrated a lower mean air-bone gap (45.8 dB vs. 52.3 dB; p = 0.009) and better speech reception threshold (48.7 dB vs. 57.4 dB; p = 0.0004) in cholesteatoma ears. Postoperatively, ears with cholesteatoma were more likely to close the ABG within 20 dB (p = 0.001; OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.072–0.52). No patient in the cholesteatoma group developed post-operative bony/soft-tissue stenosis (0% vs. 9.7%; p = 0.65; OR 1.61; 0.21–12.6) or required revision surgery (0% vs. 11%; p = 0.38; OR 2.46, 0.32–19).

Conclusions:
Patients with CAS and cholesteatoma have better audiometric outcomes and likely a more durable repair with a decreased need for revision possibly secondary to greater embryologic development of the meatus, ear canal, and middle ear space despite the cholesteatoma.
The role of acupuncture in the treatment of women with pain in endometriosis
Authors: Yan Qin , Li Jing , Zeng Jing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Given the high numbers of recent cases related to Endometriosis, acupuncture has become a first line of treatment to alleviate the discomfort caused by endometriosis. Numerous studies have reported that acupuncture has a distinct effect when treating the discomfort caused by endometriosis. The primary advantages include various treatment methods, simple administration, minimal adverse reactions, and having no impact on the intrauterine environment. This study aims to elucidate the role of acupuncture in treating pain associated with endometriosis.

Methods:
The authors will search 6 online-based databases to find Randomized Controlled Trials related to determining the role of acupuncture in treating pain from endometriosis. The assessed primary outcomes include the clinical effective rate, variation in the level of pain, and variation in peripheral blood CA-125 level. A comprehensive meta-analysis statistical software will be used to conduct all analyses.

Results:
This study will assess the role of acupuncture when it is used to treat pain arising from endometriosis.

Conclusion:
The conclusions presented in the metanalysis will present a scientific-based theoretical framework and a standardized clinical guidance for treating endometriosis-related pain.

Ethics and dissemination:
This systematic review and meta-analysis does not require an ethics approval as it does not collect any primary data from patients.

OSF registration number:
September 28, 2021.osf.io/htukv. (https://osf.io/htukv/).
Exploring the degree of nicotine dependence and willingness to quit smoking in Chinese smoking patients with stroke
Authors: Li Ling , Li Haifeng , Zhang Ying , Zheng Chengyuan , Xu Houyun , Cheng Zizhen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Smoking is closely related to the occurrence of stroke. The degree of nicotine dependence and willingness to quit smoking are key factors that determine whether a smoker can successfully quit smoking. Few studies have been conducted on factors affecting the willingness to quit smoking among smokers who suffered from stroke.
Although the smoking rate has declined, it is still the main changeable risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the current status of nicotine dependence and willingness to quit smoking among patients who suffered from stroke. We also clarified factors that affect the willingness to quit smoking among stroke patients and provide evidence for quitting smoking.
Convenience sampling methods were used to conduct cross-sectional studies. A questionnaire survey was administered to 215 stroke patients who smoked. A general information questionnaire as well as patient smoking and cessation status questionnaire were used. Nicotine dependence test scale, smoking attitude factor score, and tobacco harm perception scale were applied for investigation. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors related to patients’ willingness to quit smoking.
Statistically significant differences in willingness to quit smoking were found among stroke patients with different ages, household registration status, education levels, marital status, occupation, smoking attitude, and nicotine dependence (P < .05). About 34.4%, 39.1%, and 26.5% of smoking patients had low, moderate, and severe nicotine dependence, respectively. Logistic analysis showed that compared with other occupations, workers, retirees, farmers, and freelancers compared with other people (0.050, 0.081, 0.053, 0.048) had a negative impact on the willingness to quit smoking among stroke patients. Compared with positive attitudes, negative and neutral smoking attitudes (0.190, 0.048) had a negative impact on the willingness to quit smoking among stroke patients. Compared with high nicotine dependence, low and moderate nicotine dependence (4.628, 2.596) had a positive impact on willingness to quit smoking.
Smoking patients in neurology department are more willing to quit smoking (67.9%). Factors such as occupation, smoking attitude, and nicotine dependence should be considered when establishing smoking cessation interventions for stroke smokers.
Efficacy and safety of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction in improving cancer-related fatigue and immunity of cervical carcinoma patients
Authors: Hu Juan , Li Xia , Fang Yanping , Peng Jin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is essentially universal in cervical carcinoma patients. It develops rapidly, with physical and mental manifestations including generalized weakness, diminished concentration or attention, and it has a negative impact in overall quality of life. Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (BYD), a classical Chinese medical prescription, could be used for allergic rhinitis, gut microbiota disorders, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We preliminarily found that BYD could relieve CRF in cervical carcinoma patients. However, there are few trials on whether BYD could relieve CRF and improve immunity in cervical carcinoma patients.

Methods:
This is a double-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial. From December 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022, cervical carcinoma patients with CRF will be assessed for randomization into treatment group (BYD) and control group (BYD simulation) in a 1:1 ratio. The outcomes are cancer fatigue scale, self-rating anxiety scales, self-rating depression scales, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and immunity index (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) before and after the treatment. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS v22.0 software.

Results and conclusions:
The study will clarify the efficacy and safety of BYD in improving CRF and immunity in cervical carcinoma patients.

Trial registration:
OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/QFNMD.
Community promotion and application of Wuqinxi combined with brief behavioral therapy for insomnia
Authors: Zheng Yongliang , Qin Yiyu , Lyu Yumeng , Li Liangliang , Chen Ya , Yao Zhaojuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Brief behavioral therapy for insomnia (BBT-I) has been proven to be a simple and effective alternative to cognitive behavioral therapy. However, low adherence limits the application in Chinese primary medical institutions, resulting in delayed or irregular treatment for many patients. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine external treatments on the adherence to behavioral therapy for insomnia in Chinese primary healthcare institutions, with a particular focus on patients who live in regions with weak healthcare systems.

Methods:
This randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted in primary medical institutions and will recruit 98 adult participants with insomnia. BBT-I will be used as the base treatment. The participants will be divided into experimental (combined with Wuqinxi and other traditional Chinese medicine [TCM] external treatment n = 49) and control (combined with trazodone treatment, n = 49) groups, and each group will be treated for 4 consecutive weeks. The severity index of insomnia will be used as the main indicator of disease evaluation, with an 8-point reduction in the score considered as effective and a score <8 considered as cured. The secondary indicators of the disease evaluation will include the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Zung's self-rating anxiety scale, Zung's self-rating depression scale, treatment adherence, and adverse event reports. All participants will be followed up at the time of enrollment, 4 weeks after treatment, and 3 months after the end of treatment.

Discussion:
This clinical trial will provide evidence for the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine external treatment on the adherence to behavioral therapy for insomnia in primary medical institutions. This cheap and accessible model may benefit insomnia patients in medically underserved areas.

Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100042845. Registered on 30 January 2021, dataset: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=65691. Official scientific title of the research topic: Wuqinxi and other external treatment of Chinese Medicine combined with brief behavior therapy for insomnia.
Massage for gastrointestinal function among participants after abdominal surgery
Authors: Wang Yongliang , Xu Jiaben , Bao Rui , Li Zhaoxian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction (PGD) is one of the most common complications among participants undergoing abdominal surgery, with an incidence of 10%–30%. In China, massage is generally the most widely used technique to treat various diseases by the theory of Yin and Yang. In this study, our aim is to assess the effect and safety of massage on gastrointestinal function among participants undergoing abdominal surgery.

Methods:
We will search seven databases including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, CBM and WANGFANG. Meanwhile, we will include all randomized controlled trials if they recruited participants undergoing abdominal surgery. Primary outcomes will be the time to first defecation. Two authors will independently scan all the potential articles, extract the data and assess the risk of bias by Cochrane tool of risk of bias. Al analysis will be performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Dichotomous variables will be expressed as RR with 95% CIs and continuous variables will be reported as MD with 95% CIs. If possible, a fixed or random effects models will be conducted and the confidence of cumulative evidence will be assess using GRADE.

Results:
This study will be to assess the effect and safety of massage on gastrointestinal function among participants undergoing abdominal surgery.

Conclusions:
This study will assess the effect and safety of massage among participants undergoing abdominal and move forward to help inform clinical decisions.