bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the socket design affect symmetry and spatiotemporal gait parameters? A case series of two transfemoral amputees
Authors: Yazdani Meria , Hajiaghaei Behnam , Saeedi Hassan , Kamali Mohammad , Yousefi Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Socket design is thought to improve gait performance and symmetry as the other components of the prosthesis do. This study focused on the comparison of two different sockets in transfemoral amputee patients to evaluate the influence of the socket designs on gait symmetry and various spatiotemporal gait parameters.

Methods:
Two transfemoral amputees participated in this case series study. They were asked to walk with the quadrilateral and the new modified sockets along a 10-meter walkway. The marker-based motion capture system recorded the spatiotemporal gait data during all walking trials. Kinematic data were compared between the two test conditions using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Symmetry Index.

Results:
The new socket increased velocity and cadence and reduced step width in both amputees, compared with the quadrilateral sockets. However, a good symmetry was observed in step length, stride length, step time, and stride time within two limbs by both sockets (SI ≤10).

Conclusions:
The design of sockets in this study had no observed effect on gait symmetry; however, the new socket increased velocity and cadence and reduced width step in both patients compared with the quadrilateral socket.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Targeting SUMOylation in cancer
Authors: Du Li , Liu Wei , Rosen Steven T. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
In the article, we focus on the role of SUMOylation in tumorigenesis and cancer-related processes, including Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, resistance to cancer therapies, and antitumor immunity. Clinical perspective on small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) inhibitors will be discussed.

Recent findings
SUMOylation regulates multiple important biologic functions including gene transcription, DNA damage repair, cell cycle, and innate immunity. The SUMO pathway enzymes are usually elevated in various cancers and linked with cancer progression and poor clinical outcomes for patients. Recent studies have revealed the role of SUMOylation in EMT and metastasis through regulating E-Cadherin and Snail expression. Multiple studies demonstrate SUMOylation is involved with chemoresistance and hormone treatment resistance. Oncogene Myc and SUMOylation machinery regulation has been revealed in pancreatic cancer. SUMOylation is involved in regulating antitumor immune response through dendritic cells and T cells. A breakthrough has been made in targeting SUMOylation in cancer as first-in-class SUMO E1 inhibitor TAK-981 enters clinical trials.

Summary
SUMOylation plays an important role in tumor EMT, metastasis, therapy resistance, and antitumor immune response. Pharmaceutical inhibition of SUMOylation has become promising clinical therapy to improve the outcome of the existing chemo and immune therapies.
Alexithymia Is Associated With Internalizing Disorders in a Clinical Adolescent Outpatient Sample
Authors: Çoban Özge Gizli , Önder Arif 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate alexithymic traits in an adolescent clinical sample with internalizing and externalizing disorders. The study group consisted of 125 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years who applied at our outpatient unit and diagnosed with an internalizing or externalizing disorder. The healthy control group consisted of 53 adolescents with no psychiatric disorder. All subjects fulfilled the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children (AQC). Total AQC scores were higher in the study group than in the control group. When we divided the study group into two groups as internalizing and externalizing disorders, total AQC scores, AQC–difficulty identifying feelings, and AQC–difficulty describing feelings were significantly higher in the internalizing disorder group than in the externalizing disorder group. AQC–externally oriented thinking scores were significantly higher in the externalizing disorder group than in the internalizing disorder group. In future research, it would be useful to further increase understanding of alexithymia and its association with psychiatric disorders in adolescence.
Effect of Shared Governance on Nurse-Sensitive Indicator and Satisfaction Outcomes by Magnet® Recognition Status
Authors: Speroni Karen Gabel , Wisner Kirsten , Ober Melanie , Haines Fiona , Walters Cynthia , Budhathoki Chakra 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Researchers examined associations between Index for Professional Nursing Governance (IPNG) types and outcomes.

BACKGROUND
Effects of professional nursing governance on nurse-related outcomes by Magnet® status are not well studied.

METHODS
Associations were evaluated between average IPNG scores from 2170 RNs, and nurse-sensitive indicators (NSIs) as well as patient and RN satisfaction outcomes (N = 205 study units; 20 hospitals), following Magnet requirements.

RESULTS
Magnet hospitals had significantly better IPNG shared governance scores than non-Magnet hospitals (Magnet, 106.7; non-Magnet, 101.3). For Magnet hospitals, units scoring as shared governance outperformed traditional governance for 9 of 19 outcomes (47.4%) (NSI, 2; patient satisfaction, 3; RN satisfaction, 4). Self-governance outperformed shared governance for 8 of 15 outcomes (53.3%) (NSI, 2; patient satisfaction, 6; RN satisfaction, 0). For non-Magnet hospitals, shared governance significantly outperformed traditional governance for 1 of 15 outcomes (6.7%) (patient satisfaction).

CONCLUSIONS
Having shared or self-governance is a strategy that can be considered by nurse leaders to improve select nurse-related outcomes.
Donor–Recipient BSA Matching Is Prognostically Significant in Solitary and En Bloc Kidney Transplantation From Pediatric Circulatory Death Donors
Authors: Little Christopher J. , Dick Andre A.S. , Perkins James D. , Reyes Jorge D. 
Published: July 2021

Background.
As the rate of early postoperative complications decline after transplant with pediatric donation after circulatory death (DCD) kidneys, attention has shifted to the long-term consequences of donor–recipient (D-R) size disparity given the pernicious systemic effects of inadequate functional nephron mass.

Methods.
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data for all adult (aged ≥18 y) recipients of pediatric (aged 0–17 y) DCD kidneys in the United States from January 1, 2004 to March 10, 2020.

Results.
DCD pediatric allografts transplanted between D-R pairs with a body surface area (BSA) ratio of 0.10–0.70 carried an increased risk of all-cause graft failure (relative risk [RR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.69) and patient death (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.01–1.73) when compared with pairings with a ratio of >0.91. Conversely, similar graft and patient survivals were demonstrated among the >0.70–0.91 and >0.91 cohorts. Furthermore, we found no difference in death-censored graft survival between all groups. Survival analysis revealed improved 10-y patient survival in recipients of en bloc allografts (P = 0.02) compared with recipients of single kidneys with D-R BSA ratios of 0.10–0.70. A similar survival advantage was demonstrated in recipients of solitary allografts with D-R BSA ratios >0.70 compared with the 0.10–0.70 cohort (P = 0.02).

Conclusions.
Inferior patient survival is likely associated with systemic sequelae of insufficient renal functional capacity in size-disparate DCD kidney recipients, which can be overcome by appropriate BSA matching or en bloc transplantation. We therefore suggest that in DCD kidney transplantation, D-R BSA ratios of 0.10–0.70 serve as criteria for en bloc allocation or alternative recipient selection to optimize the D-R BSA ratio to >0.70.
Electroclinical Presentations of Fixation-off Sensitivity in Adults With Symptomatic Epilepsy
Authors: Das Pektezel Leyla , Tezer F. Irsel , Saygi Serap 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
Fixation-off sensitivity (FOS) is a discharge pattern on EEG that occurs owing to the loss of central vision or fixation. Knowledge regarding the relationship between FOS and symptomatic epilepsy is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the electroclinical features of FOS in adult patients with symptomatic epilepsy.

Methods:
Outpatient video-EEG records of the Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine were reviewed from 2009 to 2019. Patients aged >18 years with symptomatic epilepsy with a FOS pattern were included. Demographic, clinical, EEG, and neuroimaging data were retrospectively evaluated from an electronic database and patient files.

Results:
Eight patients (50% female) were included in this study; seven (87%) had refractory epilepsy. Prominent risk factors were family history of epilepsy in five patients and prenatal/natal insult in four patients. Notable MRI signs included cortical developmental malformation, posterior gliosis, and frontoparietal porencephalic cyst. The FOS pattern was generalized with posterior emphasis in two patients and lateralized or localized in six patients: frontocentroparietal (n = 1) and temporoparietooccipital (n = 5). Fixation-off sensitivity discharges were found to be increased by hyperventilation and decreased by drowsiness and sleep in 50% of patients. Fixation-off sensitivity disappeared in one patient with good seizure control.

Conclusions:
In this study, the disappearance of FOS in an epileptic patient with a structural lesion and detection of FOS activity related to a frontoparietal porencephalic cyst were remarkable. Family history of epilepsy was also substantially high. Our results indicate that the underlying mechanism of FOS is much more complicated than previously thought.
Oscillatory EEG-TMS Reactivity in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Formaggio Emanuela , Tonellato Michele , Antonini Angelo , Castiglia Leonora , Gallo Laura , Manganotti Paolo , Masiero Stefano , Del Felice Alessandra 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
A dysfunction of beta oscillatory activity is the neurophysiological hallmark of Parkinson disease (PD). How cortical activity reacts to external perturbations may provide insight into pathophysiological mechanisms. This study aims at identifying modifications in EEG rhythms after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in PD. We hypothesize that single-pulse TMS can modulate brain intrinsic oscillatory properties (e.g., beta excess).

Methods:
EEG data were coregistered during single-pulse TMS (100 stimuli over the primary motor cortex [M1, hotspot for Abductor Pollicis Brevis], random intertrial interval from 8 to 13 seconds). We used a time-frequency analysis based on wavelet method to characterize modification of oscillatory rhythms (delta [1–4 Hz], theta [4–7 Hz], alpha [8–12 Hz], and beta [13–30 Hz] in 15 participants with PD compared with 10 healthy controls.

Results:
An increase in beta power over the sensorimotor areas was recorded at rest in the PD group (P < 0.05). Brain oscillations in PD transiently reset after TMS: beta power over M1 becomes comparable to that recorded in aged-matched healthy subjects in the 2 seconds following TMS.

Conclusions:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation over the dominant motor cortex transiently normalizes cortical oscillations. More user-friendly noninvasive brain stimulation needs to be trialed, based on this proof of concept, to provide practical, portable techniques to treat motor symptoms in PD.
T cell receptor sequencing specifies psoriasis as a systemic and atopic dermatitis as a skin-focused, allergen-driven disease
Authors: Roesner Lennart M. , Farag Ahmed K. , Pospich Rebecca , Traidl Stephan , Werfel Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis represent two of the most common inflammatory skin diseases in developed countries. A hallmark of both diseases is T cell infiltration into the skin. However, it is still not clarified to what extent these infiltrating T cells are antigen-specific skin-homing T cells or unspecific heterogeneous bystander cells.MethodsTo elucidate this, T cells from lesional skin and from blood of 9 AD and 10 psoriasis patients were compared by receptor (TCR) sequencing. Therefore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cell-sorted according to expression of the cutaneous leukocyte antigen (CLA) into skin-homing (CLA+) and non-skin-homing (CLA-) subfractions. Aeroallergen-specific T cell lines were grown from AD patients’ PBMC in parallel.ResultsIntra-individual comparison of TCRB CDR3 regions revealed that clonally expanded T cells in skin lesions of both AD and psoriasis patients corresponded to skin-homing circulating T cells. However, in psoriasis patients, these T cell clones were also detectable to a larger extent among CLA-circulating T cells. Up to 28% of infiltrating cells in AD skin were identified as allergen-specific by overlapping TCR sequences.ConclusionsOur data shows that in line with the systemic nature of psoriasis, T cell clones that infiltrate psoriatic skin lesions do not exclusively possess skin-homing ability and are therefore most probably specific to antigens that are not exclusively expressed or located in the skin. T cells driving AD skin inflammation appear to home nearly exclusively to the skin and are, to a certain extent, specific to aeroallergens.
Identification of loci genetically associated with antibodies to specific sets of citrullinated peptides in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Shchetynsky K , Brynedal B , Ramsköld D , Israelsson L , Hansson M , Mathsson-Alm L , Rönnelid J ,   Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium International (RACI), Viatte S , Holmdahl R , Catrina A , Alfredsson L , Malmström V , Klareskog L , Gomez-Cabrero D , Padyukov L 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesProduction of anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPA) is characteristic for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may inform about biological pathways involved in disease development in specific subgroups. Since multiple loci in genome wide association screens have been implicated in RA risk, we investigated the association between genetic variations and the development of multiple types of ACPA in three big cohorts of RA patients from Sweden, USA and UK (EIRA, NARAC and WTCCC) with overall 6,127 individuals with RA.MethodsWe combined genotyping data from Illumina Immunochip with serological data for 16 ACPA specificities from a custom-made multiplex microarray (Thermo Fisher Scientific, ImmunoDiagnostic division). A logistic regression-based association test in each cohort was followed by meta-analysis.ResultsWe report several loci, harbouring three or more variants associated with ACPA, reaching study-wide significance (FDR<0.1) – PTPN22, LINC02341_TNFSF11, THADA and TMEM174. Most of these loci are not known to be associated with RA. Stratification by “shared epitope” (SE) alleles indicated an association between the PTPN22 locus and levels of antibodies binding to the vimentin peptide, Cit-Vim60-75, in SE positive cases, but not in SE negative cases.ConclusionOur data identifies several new loci which associate with subsets of RA characterized by presence of specific ACPA and indicate unknown disease heterogeneity.Key messagesWhat is already known about this subject?ACPA define two subgroups within RA, and has been an important biomarker included in diagnostic criteriaCommonly used ACPA test, anti-CCP, accumulate signals from autoantibodies to several peptides and does not discriminate between multiple autoantibody specificities.What does this study add?Our study demonstrates that different sets of ACPAs in RA have distinct genetic associations. Associated variants from our study localize in known regulatory regions and have transcriptomic effects beyond the associated locusWe find that PTPN22 locus can drive positivity for multiple APCAs, while other found loci associate with specific autoantibody positivitiesHow might this impact on clinical practice?Our study will extend personalized approach in handling of rheumatoid arthritis with focus on serologically defined subgroups of the disease.
Study protocol: Assessing the association between corporate political influence and implementation of policies to tackle commercial determinants of non-communicable diseases: a cross-sectional analysis of 172 countries
Authors: Allen Luke N , Wigley Simon , Holmer Hampus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the association between corporate political influence and implementation of WHO-recommended policies to constrain sales, marketing and consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and unhealthy foods.DesignCross-sectional analysis using national datasets from 2015, 2017, and 2020.SettingGlobal analysis of data from 172 of the 194 WHO Member StatesMain outcome measuresWe will use random effects multivariate regression to test the association between implementation status of 12 WHO-recommended tobacco, alcohol, and diet policies and corporate political influence, a metric that combines disclosure of campaign donations, public campaign finance, corporate campaign donations, legislature corrupt activities, disclosure by politicians, and executive oversight. We will control for GDP per capita, population aged >65 years, urbanization, level of democracy, continent, ethno-linguistic fractionalization, legal origin, Small Island Developing States, and Muslim population (to capture alcohol policy differences). We will include year dummies to address the possibility of a spurious relationship between the outcome variable and the independent variables of interests. For example, there may be an upward global trend in policy implementation that coincides with an upward global trend in in the regulation of lobbying and campaign finance.Ethics and disseminationAs this study uses publicly available data, ethics approval is not required. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication in the academic literature. All data, code, and syntax will be made publicly available on GitHub.
Enhancing Research Data Infrastructure to Address the Opioid Epidemic: The Opioid Overdose Network (02-Net)
Authors: Lenert Leslie A , Zhu Vivienne , Jennings Lindsey , McCauley Jenna L , Obeid Jihad S , Ward Ralph , Hassanpour Saeed , Marsch Lisa A , Hogarth Michael , Shipman Perry , Harris Daniel R , Talbert Jeffery C 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveOpioid Overdose Network is an effort to generalize and adapt an existing research data network, the Accrual to Clinical Trials (ACT) Network, to support design of trials for survivors of opioid overdoses presenting to emergency departments (ED). Four institutions (Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Dartmouth Medical School (DMS), University of Kentucky (UK), and University of California San Diego (UCSD)) worked to adapt ACT network. This paper reports their progress.Materials and MethodsThe approach taken to enhancing ACT network focused on four activities: cloning and extending the ACT infrastructure, developing an e-phenotype and corresponding registry, developing portable natural language processing (NLP) tools to enhance data capture, and developing automated documentation templates to enhance extended data capture.ResultsAll four institutions were able to replicate their i2b2 and Shared Health Research Information Network (SHRINE) infrastructure. A five category e-phenotype model based on ICD-10 coding was developed from prior published work. Ongoing work is refining this via machine learning and artificial intelligence methods. Portable NLP tools, focused at the sentence level, were also developed to identify uncoded opioid overdose related concepts in provider notes.Optimal performance was seen in NLP tools that combined rule-based with deep learning methods (F score, 0.94). A template for ED overdose documentation was developed to improve primary data capture. Interactive prompts to physicians inside ED progress notes were effective in promoting use of the template. The template had good system usability and net promoter scores (0.72 and 0.75, respectively, n=13). Work to design ED trials based on the network’s data is underway.Discussion and ConclusionsOverall, initial results suggest that tailoring of existing multipurpose research networks to specific tasks is feasible; however, substantial efforts are required for coordination of the subnetwork and development of new tools for extension of available data.
Comparison of Pandemic Intervention Policies in Several Building Types Using Heterogeneous Population Model
Authors: Lazebnik Teddy , Alexi Ariel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn a world where pandemics are a matter of time and increasing urbanization of the world’s population, governments should be prepared with pandemic intervention policies (IPs) to minimize the crisis direct and indirect adverse effects while keeping normal life as much as possible. Successful pandemic IPs have to take into consideration the heterogeneous behavior of individuals in different types of buildings and social contexts. In this study, we propose a spatio-temporal, heterogeneous population model and in silico simulation to evaluate pandemic IPs in four types of buildings - home, office, school, and mall. We show that indeed each building type has a unique pandemic spread and therefore a different optimal IP. Moreover, we show that temporal-based IPs (such as mask wearing) have a similar influence on the pandemic spread in all four building types while spatial-based IPs (such as social distance) highly differ.
Platelet size as a predictor for severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Daniels Sarah , Wei Hua , Denning David W. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundParameters reflecting platelet size can be sensitive indicators that circulating platelets are activated and COVID-19 patients are at increased risk of thrombosis. This systematic review aims to assess the association of mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) with disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.MethodsEnglish and Chinese databases were searched electronically to identify studies reporting data on MPV, PDW or P-LCR in COVID-19 patients. Included articles underwent a quality rating. A meta-analysis was performed using the standard mean difference and interpreted as the common language effect size (CLES).ResultsTwenty-two studies (11,906 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, 14 were rated poor and eight were fair. The MPV and P-LCR was significantly higher at hospital admission in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. The MPV, PDW and P-LCR were significantly higher at hospital admission in non-survivors compared to survivors. There was a marked increase in the probability of a severe COVID-19 patient presenting with higher P-LCR at hospital admission than a non-severe patient (CLES: 68.7% [95% CI: 59.8%, 76.5%]), when compared with MPV and PDW ((CLES: 59.2% [95% CI: 53.1%, 65.1%]) and (CLES: 55.9% [95% CI: 50.6%, 62.2%]), respectively).ConclusionSevere COVID-19 disease is associated with the increased production of larger, younger platelets. When comparing MPV, PDW and P-LCR, P-LCR is the most important biomarker for evaluating platelet activity. P-LCR testing at hospital admission could identify COVID-19 patients with increased risk for thrombotic events, allowing preventative treatment.Summary TableWhat is known on this topicThe incidence of thrombotic complications is high in COVID-19 patients with severe disease.Parameters reflecting platelet size can be sensitive indicators that circulating platelets are activated and that COVID-19 patients are at increased risk of thrombosis.What does this paper addWhen compared to MPV and PDW, P-LCR is the most important biomarker for evaluating platelet activity in COVID-19 patients at hospital admission and could be used to identify patients with increased risk for thrombotic events.Current evidence is predominantly derived from retrospective design. Prospective studies are warranted to accurately determine cut-off values that may be used in the clinical setting.