bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conductivity Modulation of 3D‐Printed Shellular Electrodes through Embedding Nanocrystalline Intermetallics into Amorphous Matrix for Ultrahigh‐Current Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Chang Shuai , Zhang Yu , Zhang Bangmin , Cao Xun , Zhang Lei , Huang Xiaolei , Lu Wanheng , Ong Chun Yee Aaron , Yuan Shuang , Li Chaojiang , Huang Yizhong , Zeng Kaiyang , Li Liqun , Yan Wentao , Ding Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScaling up commercial hydrogen production by water electrolysis requires efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrodes that can deliver large current densities (more than 500 mA cm−2) at low overpotentials. Here, a highly active and conductive shell‐based cellular (Shellular) electrode is developed through a strategy of embedding nanocrystalline Ni3Nb intermetallics into an amorphous NiFe‐OOH matrix. The tailor‐made laser remelting process enables the dispersive precipitation of corrosion‐resistant nanocrystalline Ni3Nb in large numbers. After in situ electrochemical activation in the self‐developed growth‐mode‐control electrolyte, the amorphous NiFe‐OOH nanosheets and nanocrystalline Ni3Nb are formed on the as‐printed Inconel 718. The conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that nanocrystalline Ni3Nb can simultaneously enhance the conductivity and activity of the catalyst film. Additionally, a Shellular structure inspired by nature is designed, interestingly, its specific surface area keeps constant with increases in porosity. This design can result in a large surface area and high porosity but with less material cost. Using this electrochemically activated Shellular electrode for OER, a high current density of 1500 mA cm−2 is achieved at a record‐low overpotential of 261 mV with good durability. This development may open the door for large‐scale industrial water electrolysis.
Auto‐Switching Self‐Powered System for Efficient Broad‐Band Wind Energy Harvesting Based on Dual‐Rotation Shaft Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Yong Shun , Wang Jiyu , Yang Lijun , Wang Hanqing , Luo Hao , Liao Ruijin , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based self‐powered system for wind energy harvesting introduces a desirable solution to alleviate the expanding energy supply concerns in the development of the internet of things. In this work, an auto‐switching self‐powered system based on a dual‐rotation shaft TENG (D‐TENG) is reported to effectively harvest wind energy over a broad‐band wind speed (2.2–16 m s−1). The D‐TENG is designed in a concentric dual‐rotation shaft structure, in which two independent TENGs with different shapes, sizes, and arm lengths of wind cups are rationally coupled. The integration of the two TENGs with varied structural parameters achieves mutual compensation of their own merits, enabling the whole system to have preferable aerodynamics and high energy conversion efficiency over a broad range of wind speeds. Moreover, an electromagnetic generator (EMG) with the same energy collection module is also fabricated for a comparison with TENG in the start‐up properties and average output power. Furthermore, a packaged self‐powered system is demonstrated for simulated wind energy harvesting, while the charging characteristics are also discovered. The proposed TENG renders a more efficient technique for energy harvesting and greatly expands its potential in the large‐scale wind energy harvesting that can be attributed to the multi‐stage strategy.
Examining developmental plasticity in the skeletal system through a sensitive developmental windows framework
Authors: McPherson Cait B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDevelopmental plasticity facilitates energetically costly but potentially fitness‐enhancing adjustments to phenotypic trajectories in response to environmental stressors, and thus may significantly impact patterns of growth, morbidity, and mortality over the life course. Ongoing research into epigenetics and developmental biology indicate that the timing of stress exposures is a key factor when assessing their impact on developmental processes. Specifically, stress experienced within sensitive developmental windows (SDWs), discrete developmental periods characterized by heightened energy requirements and rapid growth, may alter the pace and tempo of growth in ways that significantly influence phenotypic development over both the short and long term. In human skeletal biology, efforts to assess how developmental environments shape health outcomes over the life course could be enhanced by incorporating the SDW concept into existing methodological approaches. The goal of this article is to outline an interpretive framework for identifying and interpreting evidence of developmental stress in the skeletal system using the SDW concept. This framework provides guidance for the identification of elements most likely to capture evidence of stress most relevant to a study's core research questions, the interpretation of developmental stress exhibited by those elements, and the relationship of skeletal indicators of stress to the demographic patterning of morbidity and mortality. Use of the SDW concept in skeletal biology has the potential to enrich traditional approaches to addressing developmental origins of health and disease hypotheses, by targeting periods in which individuals are most susceptible to stress and thus most likely to exhibit plasticity in response.
Microarray microRNA profiling of urinary exosomes in a 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Song Zhiqi , Qu Yajin , Xu Yanfeng , Zhang Ling , Zhou Li , Han Yunlin , Zhao Wenjie , Yu Pin , Zhang Yu , Li Xianglei , Qin Chuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable and irreversible neurodegenerative disease, without a clear pathogenesis. Therefore, identification of candidates before amyloid‐β plaque (Aβ) deposition proceeds is of major significance for earlier intervention in AD.MethodsTo explore the potential noninvasive earlier biomarkers of AD in a 5XFAD mouse model, microRNAs (miRNAs) from urinary exosomes in 1‐month‐old pre‐Aβ accumulation 5XFAD mice models and their littermate controls were profiled by microarray analysis. The differentially expressed miRNAs were further analyzed via droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).ResultsMicroarray analysis demonstrated that 48 differentially expressed miRNAs (18 upregulated and 30 downregulated), of which six miRNAs – miR‐196b‐5p, miR‐339‐3p, miR‐34a‐5p, miR‐376b‐3p, miR‐677‐5p, and miR‐721 – were predicted to display gene targets and important signaling pathways closely associated with AD pathogenesis and verified by ddPCR.ConclusionsUrinary exosomal miRNAs showing differences in expression prior to Aβ‐plaque deposition were identified. These exosomal miRNAs represent potential noninvasive biomarkers that may be used to prevent AD in clinical applications.
Simultaneous Cooling of Two Mechanical Resonators with Intracavity Squeezed Light
Authors: Liu Yu‐Mu , Cheng Jing , Wang Hong‐Fu , Yi Xuexi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA scheme is proposed to cool two mechanical resonators simultaneously to the quantum ground state, whatever sideband resolution, in an optomechanical system with χ(2) nonlinear medium, where the cavity light is squeezed. By selecting the system parameters appropriately, the influence from cavity dissipation can be completely removed and the quantum backaction heating is suppressed at the same time. It is found that the cooling performance is determined by the coupling strength and frequency detuning between two mechanical resonators. The numerical results indicate that the final phonon occupancy of the two mechanical resonators is no longer strictly limited by the sideband resolution and the cooling scheme can work well no matter in weak or strong effective optomechanical coupling regime.
A CRET‐Based Multicolor Sensing Nanoplatform for Simultaneously and Sensitively Visualizing Multiple Circulating MicroRNAs
Authors: Xu Jie , Shi Lin , Wang Han , Li Tao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCirculating microRNA (miRNAs) have been proven as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Herein, this work reports the design of a chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) based multicolor sensing nanoplatform with a portable smartphone as mini‐detector for simultaneous and sensitive analysis of multiple circulating miRNAs. Universal multicomponent nucleic acid enzyme functionalized gold nanoparticle (MNAzyme@AuNP) nanoprobes activated by the addition of different target miRNAs were constructed. As a result, spherical nucleic acid enzyme (SNAzyme) with high catalytic activity for the luminol‐H2O2 chemiluminescence or CRET reaction was produced. It enables the construction of a multicolor sensing nanoplatform for simultaneously visualizing multiple miRNAs based on chemiluminescence imaging arrays (CLIA). In this way, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) related biomarkers, miR‐133a and miR‐499, were detected with high sensitivity and selectivity in human serum.
Antibacterial self‐healing anticorrosion coatings from single capsule system
Authors: Song Yan , Chen Kaifeng , Wang Jingjing , Liu Yuan , Yang Jingzhi , Zhang Dawei , Qi Tao , Li Guo Liang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is highly desirable to develop self‐healing anticorrosion coatings with enhanced antibacterial function to prevent the scratched area to be fouled or corroded in harsh environments. Herein, we report antibacterial self‐healing anticorrosion coatings via the simple incorporation of the easily synthesized single polymer microcapsule system. Well‐defined polymer microcapsules containing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as a healing agent and 4,5‐dichloro‐2‐n‐octyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one (DCOIT) as antibacterial molecules were synthesized by one‐pot polymerization. The diameter and core fraction were around 30 μm and 90%, respectively. The active DCOIT content in the core material could be precisely controlled by adjusting the DCOIT/IPDI feeding ratio. The DCOIT/IPDI microcapsules‐embedded protective coating exhibits an adaptive self‐healing anticorrosion property, as shown by electrochemical test under the condition of the salt‐water immersion. Furthermore, the self‐healing coating showed efficient antibacterial function against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is due to the released active biocide molecules on the damaged surfaces. In contrast to other systems, this single capsule system without any catalyst is perspective for extending the service time of the antibacterial self‐healing materials in harsh environment.
Bi‐layer gelatin active films with “Pitanga” leaf hydroethanolic extract and/or natamycin in the second layer
Authors: Luciano Carla G. , Tessaro Larissa , Lourenço Rodrigo V. , Bittante Ana Mônica Q. B. , Fernandes Andrezza M. , Sobral Paulo J. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch on biopolymers‐based active films produced with natural antioxidants and/or antimicrobials has gained attention over the last few years; however, anti‐mold activity has been less studied than those of anti‐bacteria. The aim of this work was the development and characterization of bi‐layer films based on gelatin with natamycin and/or “Pitanga” leaf hydroethanolic extract in the second thin layer in order to determine the effects of these bioactive compounds on bi‐layered film properties. The films were characterized regarding their moisture content and solubility in water, optical properties, microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties, water contact angle, water vapor permeability, UV/visible light transmission, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and antioxidant and anti‐mold activities. Active films presented activity againstPenicillium sppandAspergillus nigerand demonstrated antioxidant activity, as measured by ABTS•+and DPPH•methods. Neither additive used in the films' second layer significantly affected the films' moisture content, thermal properties or the molecular interactions of the polymer matrix, assessed by FTIR, although some mechanical properties were affected, and the water contact angle. In conclusion, bi‐layer films have reduced the quantity of additives required to maintain the antioxidant and anti‐mold activities, as compared to similar monolayer films of the same thickness.
Effect of glycerol on electrical conducting of chitosan/polyaniline blends
Authors: de Oliveira Ana Carolina Salgado , Santos Taline Amorim , Ugucioni Julio Cesar , da Rocha Roney Alves , Borges Soraia Vilela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChitosan (Cs) and polyaniline (PANI) were studied in this article for possible application as conductive and flexible films. Cs is a biodegradable polymer, that presents interesting properties as film applications. Otherwise, PANI is a semiconductor polymer with a wide range of applications. The films were produced by casting adding 30% glycerol and glutaraldehyde. The morphology, thermally, chemical structure, and electrical properties of films were obtained. Results showed the casting technique becomes possible to obtain self‐standing films, with a chemical structure identical to precursor materials. Glutaraldehyde reacted to amine groups of terminal PANI chains, acting in the increase of electric conductivity and decrease of sheet resistance. The plasticizing effect of glycerol increased the spacing between Cs chains and facilitated the PANI dispersion. Therefore, glycerol and glutaraldehyde proved to be extremely efficient in increasing the electrical conductivity of blends.
Osteology of the enigmatic threadsnake speciesEpictia unicolorandTrilepida guayaquilensis(Serpentes, Leptotyphlopidae) with generic insights
Authors: Koch Claudia , Martins Angele , Joshi Mitali , Pinto Roberta R. , Passos Paulo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the rearrangement of all leptotyphlopid species previously known as “Leptotyphlops” in Adalsteinsson et al. (2009)'s paper, several taxa have remained untested regarding their generic identity and have been assigned to different genera based on phenotypic data or, in some cases, without any clear justification. Most of the difficulties in assigning some leptotyphlopid taxa are due to their conserved external morphology, summed with a relatively small number of available specimens, which complicate the recognition of a unique combination of characters for their reasonable generic allocation. On the other hand, recent osteological studies—especially those on the skull—provide relevant data combinations for species assignment and even for the recognition of new genera. In this work, we have attempted to determine the generic allocation ofEpictia unicolorandTrilepida guayaquilensis—both species currently known only by their holotype—based on a detailed description of cranial and post‐cranial osteology. We confirm the assignment ofE. unicolorto the genusEpictiadespite the divergent configuration of cephalic shields. Based mainly on data from the skull, suspensorium, and cervical vertebrae but supported by external morphology as well as a redescription of the holotype, we propose the assignment ofTrilepida guayaquilensisto the genusEpictia. This study provides not only detailed data on the osteology ofEpictia, but also a first approach to the putative combination of osteological characters for the genus.
Microsequential injection analysis/lab‐on‐valve system for the automatic evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Ndongo Thierno Moussa , Passos Marieta L. C. , Durães Fernando , Resende Diana I. S. P. , Pinto Madalena , Sousa Emília , Saraiva Maria Lúcia M. F. S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA miniaturized microsequential injection/lab‐on‐valve (µSIA–LOV) system was developed and shown to be a useful alternative to perform inhibitory studies on acetylcholinesterase. These studies are essential for the evaluation of the potential therapeutic effect of drugs commonly used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine were tested, in addition to compounds based on the xanthone scaffold. Four of these xanthone derivatives were identified as having EC50 values between 676 and 4466 µmol/l, showing a potential inhibitory effect higher than the clinical agent rivastigmine. The developed automatic system added advantages of reduction of reagents and sample consumption (around 55 µl per analysis), lower cost per analysis, and the generation of less waste (around 1.2 ml per analysis). The µSIA–LOV system is also a robust, rapid, reliable, and simple system to use. Docking studies suggested a possible mode of interaction with the target acetylcholinesterase protein.
A Distinct Macrophage Subset Mediating Tissue Destruction and Neovascularization in Giant Cell Arteritis: Implication of the YKL‐40/Interleukin‐13 Receptor α2 Axis
Authors: van Sleen Yannick , Jiemy William F. , Pringle Sarah , van der Geest Kornelis S. M. , Abdulahad Wayel H. , Sandovici Maria , Brouwer Elisabeth , Heeringa Peter , Boots Annemieke M. H. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveMacrophages mediate inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue destruction in giant cell arteritis (GCA). Serum levels of the macrophage‐associated protein YKL‐40 (chitinase 3–like protein 1), previously linked to angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, remain elevated in GCA despite glucocorticoid treatment. This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of YKL‐40 to vasculopathy in GCA.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed on GCA temporal artery biopsy specimens (n = 12) and aortas (n = 10) for detection of YKL‐40, its receptor interleukin‐13 receptor α2 (IL‐13Rα2), macrophage markers PU.1 and CD206, and the tissue‐destructive protein matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9). Ten noninflamed temporal artery biopsy specimens served as controls. In vitro experiments with granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)– or macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF)–skewed monocyte‐derived macrophages were conducted to study the dynamics of YKL‐40 production. Next, small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of YKL‐40 in GM‐CSF–skewed macrophages was performed to study its effect on MMP‐9 production. Finally, the angiogenic potential of YKL‐40 was investigated by tube formation experiments using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs).ResultsYKL‐40 was abundantly expressed by a CD206+MMP‐9+ macrophage subset in inflamed temporal arteries and aortas. GM‐CSF–skewed macrophages from GCA patients, but not healthy controls, released significantly higher levels of YKL‐40 compared to M‐CSF–skewed macrophages (P = 0.039). In inflamed temporal arteries, IL‐13Rα2 was expressed by macrophages and endothelial cells. Functionally, knockdown of YKL‐40 led to a 10–50% reduction in MMP‐9 production by macrophages, whereas exposure of HMVECS to YKL‐40 led to significantly increased tube formation.ConclusionIn GCA, a GM‐CSF–skewed, CD206+MMP‐9+ macrophage subset expresses high levels of YKL‐40 which may stimulate tissue destruction and angiogenesis through IL‐13Rα2 signaling. Targeting YKL‐40 or GM‐CSF may inhibit macrophages that are currently insufficiently suppressed by glucocorticoids.
Kinetics of Oxidative Cracking of n‐Hexane to Light Olefins using Lattice Oxygen of a VOx/SrO‐γAl2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Amusa Hussein K. , Adamu Sagir , Arjah Abeer S. , Al‐Bogami Saad A. , Al‐Ghamdi Sameer , Razzak Shaikh A. , Hossain Mohammad M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe kinetics of oxidative cracking of n‐hexane to light olefins using the lattice oxygen of VOx/SrO‐γAl2O3 catalysts has been investigated. Kinetic experiments were conducted in a CREC Riser Simulator (CERC: Chemical Reactor Engineering Center), which mimics fluidized bed reactors. The catalyst's performance is partly attributed to the moderate interaction between active VOx species and the SrO‐γAl2O3 support. This moderate interaction serves to control the release of lattice oxygen to curtail deep oxidation. The incorporation of basic SrO component in the support also helped to moderate the catalyst's acidity to checkmate excessive cracking. Langmuir‐Hinshelwood model was applied to formulate the rate equations. The intrinsic kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting the experimental data to the kinetic model using a nonlinear regression algorithm at a 95% confidence interval, implemented in MATLAB. n‐Hexane transforms to olefins at a specific reaction rate of 1.33 mol/gcat.s and activation energy of 119.2 kJ/mol. These values when compared with other duplets (i. e., ki° and EA) for paraffins to olefins, show that indeed olefins are stable products of the oxidative conversion of n‐hexane over VOx/SrO‐γAl2O3 under a fluidized bed condition. Values of activation energy for all COx formation routes indicate that intermediate paraffins are likely to be cracked to form CH4 than to be converted directly to COx. On the other hand, olefins may transform partly, and directly to COx (E9=9.65 kJ/mol) than to form CH4 (E8=89.1 kJ/mol) in the presence of excess lattice oxygen. Overall, olefins appear to be stable to deep oxidation due to the role of SrO in controlling the amount of lattice oxygen of the catalyst at the reaction temperature.
Supported Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Diaryl Ketones from Aryl Bromides and Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Xu Tiefeng , Wang Qi , Yang Zeyi , Yi Lili , Wang Jian‐Shu , Lu Wangyang , Ying Jun , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA palladium supported on graphitic carbon nitride (Pd/g‐C3N4) catalyzed carbonylative reaction of aryl bromides and arylboronic acids by has been developed for the construction of diaryl ketones. Using benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl triformate (TFBen) as the CO source, the reaction proceeded well to give various diaryl ketones in moderate to good yields.
Standardkonforme Modellierung der geregelten natürlichen Lüftung in Simulationsprogrammen mit adaptiven Zeitschritt‐Lösern
Authors: Nicolai Andreas , Fechner Heiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNatürliche Belüftung kann zur Aufrechterhaltung des thermischen Komforts während der Sommerperioden beitragen. In Simulationsmodellen für die Analyse des thermischen Komforts wird das mit der natürlichen Belüftung verbundene Bewohnerverhalten häufig durch die Definition von Belüftungsregelsätzen einbezogen. Beispielsweise werden Fenster geöffnet, wenn die Raumtemperatur einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert überschreitet, während gleichzeitig die Außentemperaturen unter einem Schwellenwert bleiben. Solche Regeln sind in Bauvorschriften, wie z. B. DIN 4108‐2, enthalten. Diese Regeln wurden bislang jedoch im Hinblick auf Simulationsprogramme mit Integrationsmethoden mit fester Schrittzeit festgelegt, wobei oft stündliche Schrittweiten verwendet werden. Es ist jedoch allgemein nicht möglich, diese Regeln direkt in numerische Lösungsverfahren mit fehlergesteuerter adaptiver Zeitschrittanpassung (z. B. in THERAKLES, DELPHIN, COMSOL, MODELICA‐Lösern etc.) zu übernehmen. Der Artikel erörtert Strategien und Modellvarianten, die mit solchen modernen Integrationsverfahren arbeiten und diskutiert neue Modellparameter, wie die Verzögerung oder die Totbandregelung. Die Auswirkungen dieser Parameterwahl werden anhand von Sensitivitätsstudien unter Verwendung des thermischen Raummodells THERAKLES veranschaulicht.