bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation between cannabis use, dependence severity and white matter microstructure: A diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Cousijn Janna , Toenders Yara J. , van Velzen Laura S. , Kaag Anne Marije 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the significant societal and personal burden of cannabis use, the impact of long‐term use and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) on white matter microstructure is still unclear. Previous studies show inconsistent findings, in part due to heterogeneity in methodology, variable severity of cannabis use, and potential confounding effects of other mental health issues and substance use. The goal of this diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study was to compare whole‐brain white matter microstructure between 39 near daily cannabis users and 28 controls closely matched on age, sex, alcohol use, cigarette use and mental health. Within the group of cannabis users, associations between white matter microstructure and recent cannabis use, dependence severity, and age of onset and duration of weekly use were investigated. White matter microstructure did not differ between cannabis users and controls and did not covary with recent cannabis use, dependence severity, or duration of use. Earlier onset of weekly cannabis use was related to lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in various sections of the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus. These findings suggest that long‐term near‐daily cannabis use does not necessarily affect white matter microstructure, but vulnerability may be higher during adolescence. These findings underscore the importance of sample composition and warrant further studies that investigate the moderating role of age of onset in the impact of cannabis on the brain.
Developmental origins and transgenerational inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Parker Jim , O’Brien Claire , Gersh Felice L. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThere has been increasing awareness that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes may represent a mismatch between ancient genetically programmed metabolic and reproductive survival mechanisms and modern lifestyle practices. In‐utero developmental programming of metabolic and endocrine pathways may play an important role in activating gene variants that predispose the offspring to develop PCOS when exposed to specific postnatal conditions. Postnatal exposure to lifestyle factors such as poor‐quality diet and endocrine disrupting chemicals may modulate epigenetically programmed pathways that result in the observed pathophysiological changes and clinical features seen in women with PCOS.AimTo review the developmental origins and transgenerational transmission of PCOS and the impact of lifestyle, androgens and endocrine disrupting chemicals on fetal epigenetic programming.Materials and MethodsThe literature was reviewed using Google, Google Scholar, Medline and PubMed databases. The results are presented as a narrative review.ResultsHuman observational and animal experimental data support the hypothesis that PCOS is an inherited condition that arises as a result of developmental programming of normal gene variants. It is likely that these genes can be amplified by in‐utero androgen exposure and activated by a range of postnatal lifestyle and environmental factors. Endocrine disrupting chemicals have the potential to influence developmental programming of PCOS susceptibility genes.ConclusionsThe current evidence suggests that developmental epigenetic programming following exposure to an adverse maternal metabolic and endocrine environment contributes to the pathogenesis of PCOS. Lifestyle interventions, as recommended by the International Guidelines, have the potential to reduce both symptoms and transgenerational transmission of PCOS.
A randomised controlled trial of 7.5‐mm and 7.0‐mm tracheal tubes vs. 6.5‐mm and 6.0‐mm tracheal tubes for men and women during laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Cho H. Y. , Yang S. M. , Jung C. W. , Cheun H. , Lee H. C. , Park H. P. , Yoon H. K. 
Published: August 2021

SummarySore throat after tracheal intubation impairs postoperative recovery. We randomly allocated 172 ASA physical status 1–2 participants, scheduled for laparoscopic lower abdominal surgery, to tracheal intubation with larger tubes (n = 88) or smaller tubes (n = 84), with internal diameters 7.5‐mm vs. 6.5‐mm for men and 7.0‐mm vs. 6.0‐mm for women. Primary outcome was the rates of no, mild, moderate or severe sore throat 1 h after surgery, which were 60, 10, 17 and 1 with larger tracheal tubes and 79, 5, 0 and 0 with smaller tubes, p < 0.001. The equivalent rates 24 h after surgery were 64, 16, 8 and 0 vs. 74, 6, 3 and 1, p = 0.037. Intra‐operative ventilatory variables were unaffected by tube diameter, including peak inspiratory pressure, plateau pressure and end‐tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure. In summary, smaller tracheal tubes benefitted patients having laparoscopic operations.
Genetic associations of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy response in age‐related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Zilin , Zou Minjie , Chen Aiming , Liu Zhenzhen , Young Charlotte Aimee , Wang Shi‐bin , Zheng Danying , Jin Guangming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association of all reported common polymorphisms in anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy response and to identify potential clinically useful biomarkers for anti‐VEGF therapy response in patients with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsWe searched the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science databases in English and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and VIP databases in Chinese for pharmacogenetics studies on anti‐VEGF therapy response in AMD. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the random effects model.ResultsAmong the 10 468 records yielded by the literature search, 33 articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in the meta‐analysis. Nine single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in four genes were observed to be associated with the anti‐VEGF therapy response in AMD patients. That is, rs1120063 in the HTRA1 gene; rs10490924 in the age‐related maculopathy susceptibility (ARMS2)gene; rs1061170 in the complement factor H (CFH) gene; and rs323085 in the OR52B4 gene were associated with good anti‐VEGF therapy responses, while rs800292, rs1410996 and rs1329428 in the CFH gene and rs4910623 and rs10158937 in the OR52B4 gene were associated with poor anti‐VEGF therapy response in the AMD patients in our sample.ConclusionIn this study, nine SNPs of four genes were indicated to be significantly associated with the anti‐VEGF therapy response in the samples: rs11200638 in the HTRA1 gene; rs10490924 in the ARMS2 gene; rs1061170, rs800292, rs1410996 and rs1329428 in the CFH gene; and rs323085, rs4910623 and rs10158937 in the OR52B4 gene. Further studies based on various ethnicities and large sample sizes are warranted to strengthen the evidence found in the present study.
Interrater reliability and agreement between children with visual impairment and their parents on participation and quality of life
Authors: Elsman Ellen BM , Koel Mitchel LC , van Nispen Ruth MA , van Rens Ger HMB 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate interrater reliability and agreement between children with visual impairment (VI) and their parents on participation and quality of life and factors associated with disagreement.MethodsChildren 7–17 years and their parents completed the PAI‐CY 7–12 (n = 180) and 13–17 (n = 65), the KIDSCREEN‐27 (n = 250) and the CASP (n = 70). Mean scores of children and parents were compared, with effect sizes for the differences. Interrater reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), whereas agreement was assessed using the Bland–Altman limits of agreement. Linear regression analyses examined child‐ and proxy‐related factors associated with discrepancies.ResultsOn average, children rated their participation and quality of life as significantly better than their parents on most (sub)scales, but with wide range of disagreement. Effect sizes were large for the PAI‐CY 7–12 (0.86) and 13–17 (0.86) and small for the CASP (0.36) and KIDSCREEN‐27 (0.18–0.28). Interrater reliability was poor for the PAI‐CY 7–12 (ICC = 0.29) and most KIDSCREEN‐27 subscales (ICC =0.18–0.32), moderate for the PAI‐CY 13–17 (ICC =0.43) and the KIDSCREEN‐27 Physical Wellbeing subscale (ICC = 0.46) and good for the CASP (ICC = 0.63). Comorbidity was significantly associated with greater discrepancies on participation scales.ConclusionChildren with VI and their parents have different perspectives on the child’s participation and quality of life. Disagreement was largest on participation scales and smallest on quality of life subscales, while opposite results were found for interrater reliability. Reports of children and parents seem to be complementary and are both relevant to obtain a complete picture of the burden of VI and relevant to inform healthcare decisions.
Addition of ginkgo fruit to cattle feces and slurry suppresses methane production by altering the microbial community structure
Authors: Shintani Risa , Oh Seongjin , Suzuki Yutaka , Koike Satoshi , Kobayashi Yasuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effect of ginkgo fruit addition on methane production potential of cattle feces and slurry was assessed in relation to other fermentation products and the microbial community. Holstein cattle fresh feces and slurry were left at 30°C for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days with/without ginkgo fruit to monitor the effect on fermentation potential. With the addition of ginkgo fruit, methane production potential of feces was reduced on Day 30 and thereafter, and that of slurry was consistently reduced over the experimental period. As a general trend, ginkgo fruit addition resulted in decreased acetate and increased propionate in feces and acetate accumulation in slurry. With ginkgo fruit addition, MiSeq analyses indicated decreases in methanogen (in particular Methanocorpusculum), Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiaceae populations and increases in Bacteroidaceae and Porphyromonadaceae populations, which essentially agreed with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay results. These data indicate that direct addition of ginkgo fruit to cattle excreta is useful for reducing methane emissions by altering the microbial community structure. The application of ginkgo fruit to lower methane emissions from cattle excreta is, therefore, useful in cases in which the excreta is left without special management for a long period of time.
Post‐fire conifer regeneration hinders digital estimation of understorey plant cover in subalpine forest vegetation
Authors: Wheeler Brandi E. , Andrade Andrew J. , Pansing Elizabeth R. , Tomback Diana F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuestion: Reliable estimates of understorey (non‐tree) plant cover following fire are essential to assess early forest community recovery. Photographic digital image analysis (DIA) is frequently used in seral, single‐strata vegetation, given its greater objectivity and repeatability compared to observer visual estimation; however, its efficacy in multi‐strata forest vegetation may be compromised, where various visual obstructions (coarse downed wood [CDW], conifer regeneration, and shadows) may conceal plant cover in the digital imagery. We asked whether vegetation complexity influences plant cover estimated by DIA relative to two visual methods: plot‐level (20 m2) estimation (PLE) and quadrat‐level (1 m2) estimation (QLE)?Location: Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA.Methods: We estimated understorey plant cover in subalpine forest vegetation on permanent plots (n = 141) at two study areas ~30 years after the 1988 Yellowstone fires to: (a) assess differences in visual obstructions between study areas in our digital imagery; (b) compare digital to visual estimates of plant cover; and (c) determine relationships between estimated plant cover and visual obstructions measured in situ.Results: Percent conifer regeneration pixels differed significantly (odds ratio = 8.34) between study areas which represented the greatest difference in visual obstructions. At the study area with lower conifer pixels, DIA estimated 9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3%–14%) and 16% (95% CI = 10%–21%) more understorey plant cover than PLE or QLE, respectively, but had comparable variability. At the study area with higher conifer pixels, DIA estimated 28% (95% CI = 24%–32%) and 22% (95% CI = 18%–26%) less understorey plant cover than PLE or QLE, respectively, and had more variability. Furthermore, plot‐level subcanopy regeneration (height>137 cm) density was negatively associated with digitally derived plant cover but showed no relationship with visually derived plant cover.Conclusions: Post‐fire conifer regeneration hindered the efficacy of DIA in estimating understorey plant cover. Digital estimation is advantageous in single‐strata vegetation but should not be used in complex, multi‐strata vegetation.
Cholecystokinin octapeptide improves hippocampal glutamatergic synaptogenesis and postoperative cognition by inhibiting induction of A1 reactive astrocytes in aged mice
Authors: Chen Lei , Yang Ning , Li Yue , Li Yitong , Hong Jingshu , Wang Qian , Liu Kaixi , Han Dengyang , Han Yongzheng , Mi Xinning , Shi Chengmei , Zhou Ying , Li Zhengqian , Liu Taotao , Guo Xiangyang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsDelayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) is a common postoperative complication in geriatric surgical patients for which there is no efficacious therapy. Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK‐8), an immunomodulatory peptide, regulates memory and learning. Here, we explored the effects and mechanism of action of CCK‐8 on dNCR.MethodsWe applied laparotomy to establish a model of dNCR in aged mice. Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests were used to evaluate cognition. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the density of CCK‐8, A1 reactive astrocytes, glutamatergic synapses, and activation of microglia in the hippocampus. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine mRNA levels of synapse‐associated factors. A1 reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, and glutamatergic synapse‐associated protein levels in the hippocampus were assessed by western blotting.ResultsAdministration of CCK‐8 suppressed the activation of microglia, the induction of A1 reactive astrocytes, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, complement 1q, and interleukin 1 alpha in the hippocampus. Furthermore, it promoted glutamatergic synaptogenesis and neurocognitive recovery in aged dNCR model mice.ConclusionOur findings indicated that CCK‐8 alleviated cognitive impairment and promoted glutamatergic synaptogenesis by inhibiting the induction of A1 reactive astrocytes and the activation of microglia. CCK‐8 is, therefore, a potential therapeutic target for dNCR.
Comparing diagnostic sensitivity of different needle sizes for lymph nodes suspected of lung cancer in endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Lee‐Mateus Alejandra , Garcia‐Saucedo Juan C. , Abia‐Trujillo David , Labarca Gonzalo , Patel Neal M. , Pascual Jorge M. , Fernandez‐Bussy Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is a safe and minimally invasive procedure for evaluating hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. The reported sensitivity and specificity of EBUS‐TBNA are 95% and 97%, respectively. A comparison of diagnostic sensitivity for lymph nodes suspected of lung cancer according to needle size in EBUS‐TBNA is needed.ObjectivesTo compare the diagnostic sensitivity of the 19‐G, 21‐G, 22‐G and 25‐G needles for lymph nodes suspected of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using EBUS‐TBNA.MethodsA literature search from PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, DOAJ and CENTRAL through October 2020 was performed by two reviewers. The extracted data were evaluated using STATA® and Open Meta Analyst software for meta‐analysis with a binary method model to compare sensitivity, specificity and summary receiver operating characteristic curve for each needle size.ResultsFourteen studies including 1296 participants were considered for the analysis. The overall sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA was 88.2% (95% CI 84%, 91%) and 93% (95% CI 88%, 95%) for the 19‐G needle, 87.6% (95% CI 79.6%, 92.8%) for the 21‐G needle and 85% (95% CI 80%, 88%) for the 22‐G needle. The overall sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA for diagnosing NSCLC was 88.3% (95% CI, 81%, 93%) and 92.9% (95% CI, 85%, 97%) for the 19‐G needle, 89.4% (95% CI 79.4%, 94.8%) for the 21‐G needle and 82.1% (95% CI 66%, 91%) for the 22‐G needle.ConclusionThe 19‐G, 21‐G and 22‐G needles present a similarly high diagnostic sensitivity in EBUS‐TBNA. The 19‐G needle provided better sample adequacy for molecular and immunohistochemical testing, improving diagnostic yield in this subgroup.
Pulmonary thromboembolism with transthoracic ultrasound and computed tomography angiography
Authors: Farzan Nina , Ghezelbash Parviz , Hamidi Fatemeh , Zeraatchi Alireza 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe detection of pulmonary embolism in emergency department requires an urgent therapeutic and diagnostic attention. This study was performed to determine the accuracy and efficacy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.MethodsIn this study, 110 patients who referred to the emergency department with traumatic embolism symptoms were enrolled. All the patients underwent computed tomography (CT) angiography. Patients were divided into positive and negative outcomes according to the results of transthoracic ultrasonography and CT angiography.ResultsIn this study, 110 patients were enrolled, of whom 52 (47.3%) were male and 58 (52.7%) were female. Among the patients, 100 (90.9%) patients presented with dyspnea, whereas the frequency of pleural pain was 27% (24.5%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for ultrasound were 45.67%, 77.41%, 88.09%, and 35.29%, respectively. The positive outcomes from CT scan were significantly associated with gender, p = 0.005. The gender and transthoracic ultrasonography outcomes were also significantly correlated, p = 0.019, and the outcomes of ultrasound were significantly different from those of CT scan, p = 0.008.ConclusionTransthoracic ultrasonography may be used to diagnose pulmonary embolism as a technique in the emergency department, especially in patients who are unable to move due to the severity of the disease. However, further comparative studies are required in this aspect.
Takotsubo syndrome after liver transplantation: An association with intraoperatively administered epinephrine and fentanyl
Authors: Yang Jun , Rao Zhuqing , Hong Fu , Agopian Vatche , Nguyen‐Lee Jennifer , Steadman Randolph H. , Wray Christopher , Xia Victor W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTakotsubo syndrome (TTS) can develop after liver transplant (LT), but its predisposing factors are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to determine if perioperative factors were associated with posttransplant TTS. Adult patients who underwent primary LT between 2006 and 2018 were included. Patients with and without TTS were identified and matched by propensity scores. Of 2181 LT patients, 38 developed postoperative TTS with a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 25.5% (±7.8%). Multivariable logistic regression revealed two preoperative risk factors (alcoholic cirrhosis and model for end‐stage liver disease‐sodium scores) for TTS. Post‐propensity match analyses showed that TTS patients had significantly higher doses of epinephrine and lower doses of fentanyl during LT compared with non‐TTS patients. A higher dose of epinephrine and a lower dose of fentanyl was associated with a higher predicted probability of TTS. All TTS patients had full recovery of cardiac function and had comparable 1‐year survival. In conclusion, TTS occurred at a rate of 1.7% after LT and was associated with two pretransplant risk factors. The higher doses of epinephrine and lower doses of fentanyl administered during LT were associated with posttransplant TTS. More studies on the relationship between intraoperative medications and TTS are warranted.
Efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp: Results of a systematic literature review and indirect treatment comparison
Authors: Home Philip D. , Mehta Roopa , Hafidh Khadija A. S. , Gurova Olesya Y. , Alvarez Agustina , Serafini Paul , Pourrahmat Mir‐Masoud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi, a fixed‐ratio combination of basal insulin glargine 100 U/mL and lixisenatide (glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist) versus IDegAsp, a co‐formulation of basal insulin degludec 100 U/mL with rapid‐acting insulin aspart.Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. Outcomes from eligible RCTs were compared by an indirect treatment comparison using a Bayesian framework. Subanalyses of Japanese and international trials were performed.ResultsEight RCTs (duration 26‐30 weeks) were included. Mean difference in HbA1c change with iGlarLixi exceeded that for IDegAsp: −0.64 (95% credible interval −1.01, −0.28) %‐units (−7.0 [−11.0, −3.1] mmol/mol) for all trials, −0.39 (−0.55, −0.23) %‐units (−4.3 [−6.0, −2.5] mmol/mol) for international, and −0.88 (−1.11, −0.64) %‐units (−9.6 [−12.1, −7.0] mmol/mol) for Japanese trials. HbA1c target achievement (<7.0%‐units [<53 mmol/mol]) was greater for iGlarLixi in all trials (odds ratio 2.50 [1.06, 5.56]) and Japanese trials (2.17 [1.27, 3.70]), but not in international trials (2.17 [0.42, 11.11]). Analyses suggesting differences in mean postmeal self‐measured plasma glucose were significantly lower by 1.0‐2.0 mmol/L (18‐36 mg/dL) with iGlarLixi in all analyses. Bodyweight change was more favourable (1‐2 kg) for iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp for all analyses (P < 0.05). Comparisons of hypoglycaemia were inconclusive owing to differences in definitions between studies. Adverse events were more frequent with iGlarLixi because of gastrointestinal intolerance.ConclusionsiGlarLixi appears to offer clinical benefit in glucose control and bodyweight change in people needing both basal and meal‐time intervention.
Critical aspects of educating clinical management and clinical reasoning in primary teeth pulpotomy: A qualitative study based on the perspectives of experts and novices
Authors: Janesarvatan Fatemeh , Hassanabadi Hamidreza , Mokhtari Saeedeh , Van Rosmalen Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn dental education, students must learn to integrate and coordinate complex knowledge, skills and attitudes and to transfer this learning to clinical practice. One major issue of concern in education in general and dental education, in particular, is to fill the gap between knowledge and practice.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to explore the problems that dental students have in transferring knowledge from the classroom to the real clinical setting. More specifically, we investigated the factors that complicate clinical management and clinical reasoning for these novices, including their common errors, in order to design an educational simulation programme in primary teeth pulpotomy. To this end, we conducted 16 semi‐structured interviews with experts and novices, performing a thematic analysis of the data obtained. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim.ResultsFor each major skill—clinical management and clinical reasoning—we identified complicating factors and common errors that related to the child (the patient), parents and dental student (the three main themes). For each theme, we identified further sub‐themes.ConclusionThe data obtained provided valuable insights into the factors that affect dental students' performance on clinical management and clinical reasoning in primary teeth pulpotomy.