bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow up: palmitic acid ester of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and palmitic acid diester of 11-hydroxy-THC – unsuccessful search for additional THC metabolites
Authors: Kraemer Michael , Hess Cornelius , Maas Alexandra , Madea Burkhard , Bilkei-Gorzo Andras , Nidadavolu Prakash 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In a previous investigation we searched for the occurrence of palmitic acid ester compounds of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its primary metabolite 11-hydroxy-delta9-THC (11-OH-THC) in human body fluids and tissues (THC palmitic acid monoester [THC-Pal] and 11-OH-THC palmitic acid diester [11-OH-THC-DiPal]). As those esters could not be detected in various human body fluids (e.g. blood) or tissues (e.g. adipose tissue) we extended the investigation analyzing adipose tissue samples of mice previously given synthetic THC or a cannabis extract.

Methods
In total, 48 adipose tissue samples previously tested positive for THC by means of a liquid chromatographic triple quadrupole mass spectrometric (LC-QQQ-MS) method were analyzed for the presence of THC-Pal and 11-OH-THC-DiPal by means of LC-QQQ-MS.

Results
THC-Pal and 11-OH-THC-DiPal were not detected among the adipose tissue samples analyzed despite the presence of high THC concentrations within the adipose tissue. THC concentrations in adipose tissue were in a range of approximately 7–2,595 ng/g (median: 468 ng/g, average: 704 ng/g).

Conclusions
A (site-specific) synthesis of 11-OH-THC palmitic acid monoesters (11-hydroxy-delta9-THC-1-palmitate and 11-palmitoyloxy-delta9-THC) still remains to be done. After synthesis of these monoesters, their presence in the body fluids and tissues after THC administration should be investigated.
Pharmacogenetics of common SNP affecting drug metabolizing enzymes: comparison of allele frequencies between European and Malaysian/Singaporean
Authors: Bakar Nur Salwani 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Compared to Europe, data on genetic variation in genes transcribing drug metabolizing enzymes among Asian is limited due to ethnic diversity. Here we compare frequencies for clinically relevant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) commonly observed in drug metabolizing enzymes between European and Malaysian/Singaporean. Minor allele frequencies (MAF) for the indicated SNPs for European, South Asian and East Asian populations were obtained from the NCBI website (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp). The SNP prevalence among Malaysian/Singaporean was characterized from gene association studies. Generally, some SNPs in CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 do not show good agreement between the two populations as to the MAF value obtained. CYP2D6*4 tends to be more common among European, whereas CYP2D6*10 is more common in Malays and Chinese among Singaporean. Regardless of different phenotype, MAF of CYP2D6*4 for Indians is similar to that seen by the European. Singaporeans show smaller MAF for CYP2C19*17 but higher CYP2C19*2 frequencies as opposed to European ones. Following growing attention to the contribution of CYP3A4/5, N-acetyltransferases (NAT2), thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT)2B7 in predicting drug response across Europe, there are limited pharmacogenetics (PGx) studies examining the gene-drug interaction among Malaysian/Singaporean. To better understand the heterogeneity of the drug response, PGx studies for the abovementioned enzymes between ethnics in Malaysian/Singaporean should be identified.
Addressing the standardisation of internal standards and preservative used in human bio fluids for NMR analysis: a method optimization
Authors: Abd Aziz Fatimatuzzahra’ , Ibrahim Baharudin , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran , Sarriff Azmi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
A database comprising multivariate data in developing a model from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis using human bio fluids are necessary to have reproducibility and reliability of the data. To achieve reproducibility of the data, standardised experiments, including internal standard and preservative used should be attained, especially for samples such as human bio fluids to hinder the variation among samples. The aim of the study was to optimise in commonly used human bio fluids (serum and urine) for a suitable internal standard and preservative used in extended storage samples for NMR analysis.

Methods
Serum and urine samples were collected from healthy human subjects. The experiment was divided into two parts, part one to evaluate 2,2,2,2-tetradeutero-4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentanoic acid (TSP) and 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-ammonium trifluoroacetate (DSA) as the optimal internal standard for the serum and urine samples. The second part investigated the effects of preservatives in the serum and urine samples on extended storage.

Results
Overall, TSP and DSA are suitable to be used as an internal standard in human urine samples. However, DSA is a superior internal standard in serum samples for NMR analysis. For the effect of preservative, the results indicated that human serum and urine samples could be stored without addition of preservative in −80 °C, as no changes in NMR fingerprinting have been observed during storage in the absence or presence of the preservative.

Conclusions
The findings suggest the use of DSA and TSP as an internal standard in serum and urine samples, respectively. Storage of serum and urine samples without any addition of preservative for an extended period has no effect on the metabolites changes. By having a standardised method, it will offer a considerable saving in both operator and spectrometer time and most importantly produce reproducible and reliable data.
Pharmacokinetics of solid lipid Boswellia serrata particles in healthy subjects
Authors: Kulkarni Preeti D. , Damle Neena D. , Hingorani Lal , Bhaskar Vaidhun H. , Ghante Minal R. , Patil Anand , Gurjar Murari , Gota Vikram 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The anti-inflammatory activity of Boswellia serrata extracts (BSE) is well known. BSE comprises boswellic acids (BA) such as 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) and 11-keto-boswellic acid (KBA) as major constituents. One of the limitations of BAs is their poor oral bioavailability. The aim of the study was to prepare solid lipid particles of Boswellia serrata extract (SLBSP) to enhance the bioavailability of BAs.

Methods
The pharmacokinetic profile of BAs was studied in 10 healthy human volunteers following a single oral dose of 333 mg of SLBSP. Pharmacokinetic blood samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 h post drug administration. Plasma KBA and AKBA levels were measured using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetics parameters were estimated using Pheonix WinNonlin (Build 6.4.0.768) software.

Results
Ten healthy human volunteers were included and peak plasma concentration was achieved in 1.5 and 2.3 h for AKBA and KBA respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (C
max) was 8.04 ± 1.67 ng/mL for AKBA and 23.83 ± 4.41 ng/mL for KBA whereas the corresponding area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was 136.7 ± 56.77 ng/mL*h and 165.7 ± 24.5 ng/mL*h respectively. The elimination half-life (t
1/2) of AKBA and KBA was 6.8 ± 3.0 h and 2.45 ± 0.3 h respectively.

Conclusions
The SLBSP formulation of BSE showed enhanced oral bioavailability of BAs compared with historically reported data of unformulated BSE.
Interpretation of melperone intoxication: post-mortem concentration distribution and interpretation of intoxication data
Authors: Dziadosz Marek , Bolte Katarina , Rosenberger Wolfgang , Klintschar Michael , Teske Jörg 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Since melperone abuse with lethal intoxication is common, expert opinions based on therapeutical and lethal concentration ranges can be considered as important. Because there is a lack of information about fatalities caused by melperone mono-intoxications and data on tissue samples with concentration distribution, the aim of this work is the examination of lethal concentration ranges of melperone and drug quantification in different matrices.

Methods
An LC-MS/MS method was applied for analyses performed in blood and tissue samples. Quantification based on standard addition and sample preparation on liquid–liquid extraction with 1-chlorobutane. An appropriate tissue homogenization was performed ahead of extraction with an IKA Ultra-Turrax-Tube-Drive®. A Luna 5 µm C18 (2) 100 Å, 150 × 2 mm analytical column was used for chromatographic separation and the elution was performed with two mobile phases consisted of A (H2O/methanol = 95/5, v/v) and B (H2O/methanol = 3/97, v/v) both with 10 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% acetic acid.

Results
A multi-drug LC-MS/MS analytical method developed was applied successfully for melperone quantification in different post-mortem matrices. No analytical problems could be identified during method development and analyses of real samples. The melperone lethal concentration calculated in femoral blood of the drug mono-intoxication investigated was 10 mg/L. Melperone concentration distribution was presented for the first time.

Conclusions
The lethal reference concentration of melperone in femoral blood of 17.1 mg/L pointed out in different reference lists should be used with caution. Instead, a lower lethal melperone concentration should be considered. The post-mortem concentration distribution of the drug presented could be helpful in the interpretation of cases where no blood samples are available.
Long-term consumption of Moringa oleifera-supplemented diet enhanced neurocognition, suppressed oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase activity and neuronal degeneration in rat’s hippocampus
Authors: Adebayo Olusegun G. , Wopara Iheanyichukwu , Aduema Wadioni , Ebo Oloruntoba T. , Umoren Elizabeth B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigates protection against oxidative stress and memory enhancing potential of long-term consumption of Moringa oleifera leaves.

Methods
Male Wistar rat were fed with mixture of M. oleifera-supplemented diets (MOSD) partitioned in 1, 5, 10, and 20% continuously for 12 weeks. Object recognition test (ORT) and Morris water maze (MWM) was used for assessing neurocognition. Changes in body weight, Lipid peroxidation (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was assayed in the brain tissue. Histomorphometric of the hippocampus was also examined.

Results
The diets progressively increase the body weigh after the 12 weeks, improved spatial (MWM) and non-spatial (ORT) memory performance, protect against oxidative stress, inhibit AChE activity and suppresses neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus when stained with Cresyl violent stain.

Conclusions
Conclusively, long-term consumption of MOSD shows strong protection against oxidative stress and hippocampal degeneration and improves neurocognition with dose dependent effect.
An evidence-based cesarean section suggested for universal use
Authors: Stark Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This article suggests a unified way to perform Cesarean sections. Even in the same departments, different modifications are in use. Therefore, one cannot rely on the early or late outcome of the procedure as long as all the surgical steps are not standardized.

Methods
The Misgav Ladach (Stark) Cesarean Section presented here is an evidence-based operation. Its basic principles are a modified Joel-Cohen abdominal incision, one-layer continuous suturing of the uterus using a big needle, leaving peritoneum open, closing fascia continuously and a few Donati skin sutures.

Results
This method has been subjected to scores of comparative studies with other methods in use, proving its advantages over them concerning duration, blood loss, febrile morbidity, need for analgesics, and costs.

Conclusions
It is suggested that this method should be used as the standardized universal method which will enable comparison between obstetricians and institutions, and offer the parturient the best possible outcome.
Thorium-based CANDU qualification as plutonium burner
Authors: Neacşa R. , Rizoiu A. , Prisecaru I. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Converting the weapon grade Plutonium from the U.S.A., Russia, U.K. etc. to Mixed OXide fuel and using it in power reactors was seen as a feasible way to both dispose Plutonium and produce energy. Using Thorium-based fuels in CANDU has been investigated since early 1980’s, they were designed and tested in Canada as mixed ThO2
-UO
2 (both LEU and HEU) and mixed ThO2
-PuO
2, (both reactor- and weapons-grade) ([1]). In this respect, Thorium might also be seen as a valuable driver for weapon grade Plutonium annihilation. Our goal was to investigate ThO2
-PuO
2 MOX in the aim to propose a suitable fuel for the existing and future CANDU units in Romania. Both weapon grade and reactor grade Plutonium were considered as fissile drivers for Thorium. Since this is only an exploratory study, some key design parameters such as fuel pellet density and ThO2
/PuO
2 ratio were considered to span over a certain range imposed by MOX fuel fabrication technology and limited Plutonium availability. Eighteen fuel compositions were considered and cell calculations were performed for 37 and 43-element bundles using several computer codes.
Desired Affordances of Scholarly E-Articles: Views from Scholars Based on Open-Ended Answers
Authors: Talja Sanna , Tenopir Carol , Late Elina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
E-journals are constantly evolving and adding new features, however, scholars’ views of desired features of scholarly e-articles have not received much attention. Scholars’ opinions were studied as part of two scholarly reading surveys conducted in Finland in 2016 and internationally in 2018. Respondents were asked “What features would you like to see in e-scholarly articles in the future” and “How have your reading practices changed in the last few years and how do you expect them to change”. A qualitative thematic analysis of 588 open-ended comments to these questions was performed. Themes discussed in open ended comments concern availability and accessibility; readability, searchability, findability, and discoverability; sharing and collaboration affordances; and seamlessness between reading and writing. Respondents also discussed affordances such as more visual materials, more interactivity, easier export of references, links to original research data, open commenting, open peer review, possibility to update articles, links to authors’ social media sites, and templates for secondary and meta-analysis. Users’ discussion of affordances for finding, discovering, sharing, and handling information provide insights to publishers, libraries, and web designers.
Movement acts in breakdown situations: How a robot's recovery procedure affects participants' opinions
Authors: Schulz Trenton , Soma Rebekka , Holthaus Patrick 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecovery procedures are targeted at correcting issues encountered by robots. What are people’s opinions of a robot during these recovery procedures? During an experiment that examined how a mobile robot moved, the robot would unexpectedly pause or rotate itself to recover from a navigation problem. The serendipity of the recovery procedure and people’s understanding of it became a case study to examine how future study designs could consider breakdowns better and look at suggestions for better robot behaviors in such situations. We present the original experiment with the recovery procedure. We then examine the responses from the participants in this experiment qualitatively to see how they interpreted the breakdown situation when it occurred. Responses could be grouped into themes of sentience, competence, and the robot’s forms. The themes indicate that the robot’s movement communicated different information to different participants. This leads us to introduce the concept of movement acts to help examine the explicit and implicit parts of communication in movement. Given that we developed the concept looking at an unexpected breakdown, we suggest that researchers should plan for the possibility of breakdowns in experiments and examine and report people’s experience around a robot breakdown to further explore unintended robot communication.
Abnormal structure and properties of copper–silver bar billet by cold casting
Authors: Wang Yaoli , Song Kexing , He Jilin , Yang Ran , Zhou Yanjun , Cao Jun , Cheng Chu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Copper alloy rod billet with 20% silver was prepared using homemade three-chamber vacuum cold-type vertical continuous casting equipment. The variation rules of the microhardness, eutectic ratio, and size and distribution of silver particles precipitated in the primary α-Cu phase at the end of the continuous casting alloy rod blanks were studied using a microhardness tester and scanning electron microscope. The obtained results show that when the cold-type vertical continuous casting speed is 120 mm·min−1, there is obvious reverse segregation of solute element near the end of the prepared ∅7.8 mm copper–silver alloy rod blank. From the end of the continuous casting alloy rod blank to 5 mm from the end, the Cu–Ag eutectic structure in the copper–silver alloy increases from 13.4 to 15.9%, and the size of Ag particles precipitated in the primary α-Cu phase increases from 100 to 350 nm. The microhardness increases from 56 HV0.05 to 85 HV0.05. When the distance from the end exceeds 5 mm, the microstructure and properties of the continuous casting alloy rod blank are basically stable.
Comprehensive technical review of the high-efficiency low-emission technology in advanced coal-fired power plants
Authors: Lee Soonho , Kim Jongho , Tahmasebi Arash , Jeon Chung-Hwan , Liu Yangxian , Yu Jianaglong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Advancements in supercritical (SC), ultrasupercritical (USC), and advanced USC coal-fired power plants have been achieved through the development of enhanced materials utilized in advanced steam cycles and through the deployment of advanced emission control systems. These are referred to as high-efficiency low-emission (HELE) technologies, which may solve numerous issues associated with coal-based power generation. There is a clear global transition from subcritical to advanced power plant types and significant R&D work on HELE technologies. Therefore, this comprehensive review covers the latest HELE technology deployment in major coal-consuming countries and their R&D roadmaps to advance HELE technologies. In spite of the various advantages of HELE technologies, there have been numerous technical challenges relevant to achieving the HELE steam conditions and deploying low emission control technologies in the HELE systems. Hence, this review covers the technical challenges and the relevant recent research by using various coal combustion test facilities. The current focus for the progression from USC boilers to advanced USC boilers is a successful demonstration of the developed high-performance alloys under the advanced steam conditions. This review covers the current status of research and development of advanced USC (A-USC) materials and challenges based on the major material research programs.
Design Beku: Toward Decolonizing Design and Technology through Collaborative and Situated Care-in-Practices
Authors: Ray Murray Padmini , Bagalkot Naveen L. , Srivatsa Shreyas , Anthony Paul 
Published: August 2021

Increasingly there is a design impulse to “solve” problems for communities in India, especially through technological imaginations and interventions imported from elsewhere that are often irrelevant and unsuited to their context. As public goods, such as education, heritage, health care, and the like, in India shift from ideals of social equity to profit-making, designers engaged in “development” face an important question about their role in the change-making process, with ethical and political implications.
In response to this question, we describe our efforts as a newly formed collective, Design Beku, which emerged from our desire to explore if and how technology and design can be decolonial, local, and ethical. Informed by cross-disciplinary theoretical and methodological underpinnings, we present a series of autoethnographic accounts by the collective’s founding members, woven together to describe our experiences, influences, learnings, and reflections on the life of the collective so far. Through articulating the commonalities and differences across our projects, we highlight how co-design becomes for us a care-in-practice, an onto-epistemology enabling us to align with local matters of concern to collaboratively evolve systemic solutions, enabled by but not led by technology. We believe the most powerful critique and challenge to the fascism of corporate and politically motivated technological regimes is by responding through community-centric design practice. We hope that our experiences and reflections will find resonance with other practitioners working within the larger context of the themes articulated by the call for this special issue.
Investigating the clinical, pathological and molecular profile of oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasms: a case series and literature review
Authors: Fewings Eleanor , Khoo Sert Kim Serena , Larionov Alexey , Marker Alison , Giger Olivier , Shaw Ashley , Clark Graeme R , Kosmoliaptsis Vasilis , Challis Benjamin G , Tischkowitz Marc , Casey Ruth T 
Published: August 2021

Background
Malignant oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasms (OANs) are rare tumours with a distinctive biological behaviour compared to conventional adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). The current prognostic systems overestimate the malignant potential of these tumours, and guidance for surveillance and treatment strategies are lacking.

Aim
To evaluate the utility of clinical, pathological and molecular markers in predicting the biological behaviour and outcomes of malignant OANs.

Methods
A retrospective clinicopathological review of 10 histologically confirmed OANs was carried out. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of germline and paired tumour samples was performed for four of the ten OAN cases and compared to WES data from five cases of conventional ACC and data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We reviewed all the cases of malignant OAN reported in the literature and compared to our case series.

Results
Eight (80%) tumours were classified as malignant, one borderline and one benign (Lin–Weiss–Bisceglia criteria, LWB). The malignant OAN were larger tumours and had higher MIB index and Helsinki scores. Molecular profiling identified a pathogenic germline variant in MSH6 in an individual in the OAN group. The OAN samples had a lower mutation burden compared to the ACC samples. Somatic driver variants were identified in OAN and ACC samples including a pathogenic missense variant in CTNNB1.

Conclusion
In this study, the LWB classification demonstrated sensitivity for the differentiation of benign from malignant OAN. Molecular profiling identified dysregulation in DNA repair and Wnt signalling pathways in both OAN and ACC samples, suggesting a molecular overlap between OAN and conventional ACC.