bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticosterone does not have a role in temperature sex reversal in the central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Castelli Meghan , Georges Arthur , Holleley Clare E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnvironmental sex determination (ESD) is common among ectothermic vertebrates. The stress axis and production of stress hormones (corticosteroids) regulates ESD in fish, but evidence of a similar influence in reptiles is sparse and conflicting. The central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) has a system of sex determination involving the interplay between sex chromosomes (ZZ/ZW female heterogamety) and the thermal environment. High egg incubation temperatures induce sex reversal of the ZZ genotype, feminizing chromosomally male individuals. Here we show that corticosterone elevation is not associated with sex reversal in the central bearded dragon, either during embryonic development or adulthood. We also demonstrate experimentally that sex determination is not affected by corticosterone injection into the yolk. This strongly suggests that stress axis upregulation by high temperature during incubation does not cause sex reversal in P. vitticeps. Our work is in general agreement with other research in reptiles, which suggests that the stress axis does not mediate sex in reptiles with ESD. Alternative biological systems may be responsible for capturing environmental conditions during reptile development, such as cellular calcium and redox regulation or the action of temperature‐sensitive splicing factors.
Comparison of in‐source collision‐induced dissociation and beam‐type collision‐induced dissociation of emerging synthetic drugs using a high‐resolution quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer
Authors: Davidson J. Tyler , Sasiene Zachary J. , Jackson Glen P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn‐source collision‐induced dissociation (CID) is commonly used with single‐stage high‐resolution mass spectrometers to gather both a molecular formula and structural information through the collisional activation of analytes with residual background gas in the source region of the mass spectrometer. However, unlike tandem mass spectrometry, in‐source CID does not involve an isolation step prior to collisional activation leading to a product ion spectrum composed of fragment ions from any analyte present during the activation event. This work provides the first comparison of in‐source CID and beam‐type CID spectra of emerging synthetic drugs on the same instrument to understand the fragmentation differences between the two techniques and to contribute to the scientific foundations of in‐source CID. Electrospray ionization–quadrupole time‐of‐flight (ESI‐Q‐TOF) mass spectrometry was used to generate product ion spectra from in‐source CID and beam‐type CID for a series of well‐characterized fentanyl analogs and synthetic cathinones. A comparison between the fragmentation patterns and relative ion abundances for each technique was performed over a range of fragmentor offset voltages for in‐source CID and a range of collision energies for beam‐type CID. The results indicate that large fragmentor potentials for in‐source CID tend to favor higher energy fragmentation pathways that result in both kinetically favored pathways and consecutive neutral losses, both of which produce more abundant lower mass product ions relative to beam‐type CID. Although conditions can be found in which in‐source CID and beam‐type CID provide similar overall spectra, the in‐source CID spectra tend to contain elevated noise and additional chemical background peaks relative to beam‐type CID.
Identification and characterization of in vitro and in vivo fidarestat metabolites: Toxicity and efficacy evaluation of metabolites
Authors: Borkar Roshan M. , Gajji Shankar , Mohammed Soheb A. , Srivastava Mithul , Reddy Velma Ganga , Jala Aishwarya , Asthana Shailendra , Kamal Ahmed , Banerjee Sanjay K. , Ragampeta Srinivas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe progression of diabetic complications can be prevented by inhibition of aldose reductase and fidarestat considered to be highly potent. To date, metabolites of the fidarestat, toxicity, and efficacy are unknown. Therefore, the present study on characterization of hitherto unknown in vitro and in vivo metabolites of fidarestat using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS/MS) is undertaken. In vitro and in vivo metabolites of fidarestat have been identified and characterized by using LC/ESI/MS/MS and accurate mass measurements. To identify in vivo metabolites, plasma, urine, and feces samples were collected after oral administration of fidarestat to Sprague–Dawley rats, whereas for in vitro metabolites, fidarestat was incubated in human S9 fraction, human liver microsomes, and rat liver microsomes. Furthermore, in silico toxicity and efficacy of the identified metabolites were evaluated. Eighteen metabolites have been identified. The main in vitro phase I metabolites of fidarestat are oxidative deamination, oxidative deamination and hydroxylation, reductive defluroniation, and trihydroxylation. Phase II metabolites are methylation, acetylation, glycosylation, cysteamination, and glucuronidation. Docking studies suggest that oxidative deaminated metabolite has better docking energy and conformation that keeps consensus with fidarestat whereas the rest of the metabolites do not give satisfactory results. Aldose reductase activity has been determined for oxidative deaminated metabolite (F‐1), and it shows an IC50 value of 0.44 μM. The major metabolite, oxidative deaminated, did not show any cytotoxicity in H9C2, HEK, HEPG2, and Panc1 cell lines. However, in silico toxicity, the predication result showed toxicity in skin irritation and ocular irritancy SEV/MOD versus MLD/NON (v5.1) model for fidarestat and its all metabolites. In drug discovery and development research, it is distinctly the case that the potential for pharmacologically active metabolites must be considered. Thus, the active metabolites of fidarestat may have an advantage as drug candidates as many drugs were initially observed as metabolites.
Fright, attention, and joy while killing zombies in Virtual Reality: A psychophysiological analysis of VR user experience
Authors: Bender Stuart M. , Sung Billy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo date, research on the user experience of Virtual Reality (VR) games is sparse even though VR and immersive gaming experiences are emerging as a substantial consumer based within the videogame industry. Using facial electromyography and skin conductance response measurement, the current research presents the first psychophysiological evidence to show that: (1) VR games may heighten affective responses such as fear and arousal; (2) different levels of immersion in various gameplay modes may evoke higher affective responses; and (3) these heightened affective responses significantly correlate with users’ experience of enjoyment at the precise onset of the affective response. Due to the second‐by‐second nature of psychophysiological measurement, the study's findings also pinpoint a specific sequence (i.e., entrapment in a dark room) within the gameplay that significantly evoked nearly 2.5‐times higher fear with arousal as well as enjoyment. These findings contribute to the ongoing study of VR in the fields of media psychology, media studies, human‐computer interaction studies, and marketing by demonstrating the strong link between immersion, affective responses, and positive user experience toward a horror VR game and their marketing implications.
Empathy‐based marketing
Authors: Pedersen Carsten L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmpathy, that is, the capacity of understanding another person's perspective and feelings, has conventionally been a pillar of marketing, as the discipline from its very inception has emphasized the importance of understanding and putting oneself in the shoes of customers. Yet, with an increasing focus on rationality, objectivity, and science, marketing has arguably become more empathy‐deprived. This is unfortunate, as the increasing objectification, specialization, and the resultant distancing and fragmentation of the marketing field make it proportionally essential to emphasize an empathetic approach to marketing. Here, I address this gap by (re)introducing an empathetic approach to marketing entitled empathy‐based marketing. Empathy‐based marketing addresses the increasing customer‐distancing and subdivision of the field of marketing, by focusing on an empathetic core, stimulating cross‐fertilization, and accentuating the general well‐being of the field. Beyond discussing what this paradigm is and why the field needs it, an agenda for future research is also outlined.
Technical Note: Investigating interplay effects in pencil beam scanning proton therapy with a 4D XCAT phantom within the RayStation treatment planning system
Authors: den Boer Erik , Wulff Jörg , Mäder UIf , Engwall Erik , Bäumer Christian , Perko Zoltan , Timmermann Beate 
Published: January 2021

PurposePencil beam scanning (PBS) for moving targets is known to be impacted by interplay effects. Four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT)‐based motion evaluation is crucial for understanding interplay and developing mitigation strategies. Availability of high‐quality 4DCTs with variable breathing traces is limited. Purpose of this work is the development of a framework for interplay analysis using 4D‐XCAT phantoms in conjunction with time‐resolved irradiation patterns in a commercial treatment planning system (TPS). Four‐dimensional dynamically accumulated dose distributions (4DDDs) are simulated in an in‐silico study for a PBS liver treatment.MethodsAn XCAT phantom with 50 phases, varying linearly in amplitude each by 1 mm, was combined with the RayStation TPS (7.99.10). Deformable registration was used with time‐resolved dose calculation, mapping XCAT phases to motion signals. To illustrate the applicability of the method a two‐field liver irradiation plan was used. A variety sin4 type motion signals, varying in amplitude (1–20 mm), period (1.6–5.2 s) and phase (0–2π) were applied. Either single variable variations or random combinations were selected. The interplay effect within a clinical target (5 cm diameter) was characterized in terms of homogeneity index (HI5), with and without five paintings. In total 2092 scenarios were analyzed within RayStation.ResultsA framework is presented for interplay research, allowing for flexibility in determining motion management techniques, increasing reproducibility, and enabling comparisons of different methods. A case study showed the interplay effect was correlated with amplitude and strongly affected by the starting phase, leading to large variance. The average of all scenarios (single fraction) resulted in HI5 of 0.31 (±0.11), while introduction of five times layered repainting reduced this to 0.11(±0.03).ConclusionThe developed framework, which uses the XCAT phantom and RayStation, allows detailed analysis of motion in context of PBS with comparable results to clinical cases. Flexibility in defining motion patterns for detailed anatomies in combination with time‐resolved dose calculation, facilitates investigation of optimal treatment and motion mitigation strategies.
Energy and Protein Intake After Return Home in Colorectal Surgery Patients With an Enhanced Recovery Program: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Hubert Mégane , Gabriel Dominique , El Khouda Soraya , Coster Marine , Routiaux Clara , Hans Gregory , Nihant Nicole , Joris Jean 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIn patients scheduled for colorectal surgery with an enhanced recovery program (ERP), feeding after returning home has been insufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to measure energy and protein intake during the first month at home.MethodsSeventy adult patients scheduled for colorectal surgery with ERP were included. Calorie and protein intakes were calculated, and body weight was measured preoperatively and 3, 7, 15, and 30 days after discharge home. Data are mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).ResultsPatient characteristics were age 60.0 ± 15.0 years, BMI = 25.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2, and colon/rectum of 56/14. The duration of hospitalization was 3 (2–5) days. Calorie and protein intakes (21.9 [17.7–28.6] kilocalorie per kilogram of ideal body weight [kcal/kg IBW] and 0.81 [0.61–1.14] g/kg IBW) were significantly reduced (P< .01) by 15% on day 3, compared with preoperative values, and then increased gradually to reach preoperative values after 1 month. Almost 50% of the patients failed to reach the calorie intake target of 25 kcal/kg IBW, and almost no patient reached the protein intake target of 1.5 g/kg IBW 30 days after discharge home. Weight loss after 30 days at home remained at −1.8 ± 2.7 kg.ConclusionsColorectal surgery, even in an ERP, is associated with energy and protein intake below the targets recommended for the rehabilitation phase and results in weight loss. Whether nutrition counseling and prolonged administration of protein‐enriched oral supplements could accelerate weight gain needs to be explored.
Anderson‐accelerated polarization schemes for fast Fourier transform‐based computational homogenization
Authors: Wicht Daniel , Schneider Matti , Böhlke Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClassical solution methods in fast Fourier transform‐based computational micromechanics operate on, either, compatible strain fields or equilibrated stress fields. By contrast, polarization schemes are primal‐dual methods whose iterates are neither compatible nor equilibrated. Recently, it was demonstrated that polarization schemes may outperform the classical methods. Unfortunately, their computational power critically depends on a judicious choice of numerical parameters. In this work, we investigate the extension of polarization methods by Anderson acceleration and demonstrate that this combination leads to robust and fast general‐purpose solvers for computational micromechanics. We discuss the (theoretically) optimum parameter choice for polarization methods, describe how Anderson acceleration fits into the picture, and exhibit the characteristics of the newly designed methods for problems of industrial scale and interest.
Residual stress in fiber reinforced thermosetting composites: A review of measurement techniques
Authors: Seers Ben , Tomlinson Rachel , Fairclough Patrick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResidual stress is inherent in any fiber reinforced composite, created by the laminates processing route and high levels of anisotropy. The aim of this article is to provide an up to date review of the current state of the art in experimental techniques for the determination of residual stress in thermosetting fiber reinforced composites. Residual stress is considered at a micro‐mechanical, macro‐mechanical, and global scale as each require specific techniques to investigate and offer their own unique challenges to the designer. Many advances have been made in the experimental determination of residual stress in fiber reinforced composites since the last comprehensive review of the topic by Shokrieh in 2014. However, more work still needs to be done to develop a method that is applicable to all cases and can be applied as a universal standard. It remains a significant challenge to experimentally determine residual stress in thermosetting composites.
Analysis of arglabin and its derivatives using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Adekenov Sergazy M. , Shamilova Saltanat T. , Khabarov Ilya A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe chemical modification of arglabin, a natural sesquiterpene lactone, has garnered significant attention because it comprises a guaianolide structure that exhibits antitumour and immunomodulating properties. Its primarily derived from Artemisia glabella Kar. et Kir. Physicochemical characterisation of commercial anititumour drugs based on arglabin can be time‐consuming and expensive; thus, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an optimal method to identify arglabin and its derivatives.AimThis study has a two‐fold objective: to develop a unified HPLC method for quality control of arglabin and its new hybrid molecules with alkaloids (cytisine, anabasine), and to study the relationship between their structures and chromatographic behaviours.Materials and methodsTo develop a selective method that ensures the quality of arglabin and its derivatives, HPLC was used with the Zorbax SB‐C18 analytical column. Dipole moments were calculated via the restricted Hartree–Fock method (RHF/6‐31G(d, p)) and the B3LYР density functional theory with full geometry optimisation by using the GAUSSIAN 03 W program.ResultsA novel analytical method has been developed using reversed‐phase (RP) HPLC, which is selective and allows reliable as well as quantitative determination of arglabin and its derivatives. To confirm the selectivity of the developed method, the chromatographic capacity factors and column selectivity were calculated. The relationship between retention time and structure (particularly, the nature of the substituent) was studied for the first time for arglabin and its derivatives using the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) quantum chemical method. The influence of the dipole moment on the retention time of arglabin and its derivatives was confirmed.ConclusionA novel unified quality control method using HPLC was developed to analyse arglabin, and its new hybrid molecules with alkaloids (cytisine and anabasine). For the first time, the relationship between the chromatographic behaviour in RP‐HPLC and the dipole moment for arglabin and its derivatives was revealed.
Identifying build orientation of 3D‐printed materials using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Strube Jan , Schram Malachi , Rustam Sabiha , Kennedy Zachary , Varga Tamas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe advent of additive manufacturing (AM) processes brought with it intense research into various materials and manufacturing processes. At the same time, the need for validation of material properties, as well as study and forecasting of aging, has arisen. Modern imaging techniques, like X‐ray computed tomography (XCT), are a convenient vehicle for such studies; however, the large datasets they produce require novel analysis techniques to efficiently extract critical information. In this paper, we present our work on developing a 3D extension of the ResNet architecture to distinguish between two build orientations of tensile bars produced by AM. Using only information from XCT, our method achieves a 99.3% correct classification at a misidentification of 1%.
Ultrasonochemically Modified Ag@TiO2 Nanocomposites as Potent Antibacterial Agent in the Paint Formulation for Surface Disinfection
Authors: Deshmukh Shamkumar P. , Koli Valmiki B. , Dhodamani Ananta G. , Patil Satish M. , Ghodake Vijay S. , Delekar Sagar D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdvanced visible active antibacterial paint was developed by ultrasonochemically treated Ag@TiO2 NCs with varying content of Ag (1 wt. % to 5 wt. %) as a photoactive agent for antibacterial paint formulation for surface disinfection. Initially, the existence of the Ag@TiO2 NCs in the paint formulation and their impact with varying content of Ag in wt. % was studied through various spectroscopic studies. XRD analysis confirms the good crystalline nature of the Ag@TiO2 NCs after the paint formulation. UV visible spectroscopic study reveals the visible active properties of the antibacterial paint. Contact angle measurement study shows hydrophobic nature of the paint. Thereafter, Ag@TiO2 NCs with varying the content of Ag were used as a photoactive additive for the formulation of antibacterial powder paint through an industrial process. Finally, the 3 wt. % of Ag in the Ag@TiO2 NCs as an additive in the paint exhibits higher antibacterial activity against E. coli as compared with S. aureus bacteria's in the presence of visible light irradiation. It also confirmed after 72 hrs. that there was no leaching of the antibacterial paint on the coated substrates. Therefore, such nanocomposite based visible active antibacterial paint is efficient to use in healthcare for reducing hospital‐acquired infections.
Extension of gas into the abdominal wall secondary to recurrent coliform emphysematous cystitis in a diabetic dog
Authors: Humphreys William James Edward , Barton James , Batchelor Daniel , Mortier Jeremy R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmphysematous cystitis (EC) is a complicated lower urinary tract condition characterised by gas within the urinary bladder wall and lumen. It results from infection by gas‐producing microorganisms and has been reported in both diabetic and non‐diabetic dogs and cats with variable presentation. There are two case reports from the medical literature documenting subcutaneous extension of gas in people with EC, but this finding has never been reported in a veterinary patient. In this case, we identified abdominal wall emphysema as a complication of EC in a veterinary patient, secondary to recurrent urinary tract infection with Escherichia coli in a 10‐year‐old neutered female border collie with diabetes mellitus. Both radiography and ultrasonography were sensitive for the diagnosis of this condition and important in excluding retrograde extension of gas into the renal parenchyma.
Management of stormwater pollution using green infrastructure: The role of rain gardens
Authors: Sharma Rozi , Malaviya Piyush 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMajor modifications are needed in existing stormwater management practices to control floods in urban landscapes, protect natural ecosystems, and minimize infrastructural destruction due to stormwater hazards. Stormwater management combined with urban design can be the best solution to minimize urban flooding risks and promote a clean natural environment. Green infrastructure (GI) is an environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional methods of stormwater management. Rain gardens, a GI, play a vital role in reducing rainwater volume and flow, prevent asset's destruction, remove pollutants from urban runoff, and recharge groundwater. Rain gardens can remove sediments, heavy metals, pathogens, nutrients, hydrocarbons from stormwater via several mechanisms. Various amendments in soil media help in delayed saturation, low sorption capacity, limited pollutant mobility, and bioaccumulation/biotransformation of metals/organic compounds in rain gardens. Soil media and plants play a vital role in the pollutant removal processes of rain gardens. Various plant‐based mechanisms and chemical processes like adsorption, reduction, sedimentation, cation‐exchange capacity, complexation, and so forth are involved in the removal of contaminants from stormwater. Construction and design considerations; different models of rain gardens; working mechanisms; performance assessment tools like capacity tests and synthetic runoff tests; removal of stormwater pollutants, and biphasic rain gardens have been critically discussed in this review. The state‐of‐the‐art review approaches to provide fundamental knowledge of rain gardens and in‐depth analyzes its potential as a stormwater management tool. Future directions on improving efficiencies of rain gardens have also been discussed for prospective researchers.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water