bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Evaluation of Frictional Resistance of Conventional, Teflon and Epoxy Coated Stainless Steel Archwires in Metal, Ceramic Brackets – An In vitro Study
Authors: Katepogu Praveen , Balagangadhar . , Patil Chetan Dilip , Jakati Sanjeev V. 
Published: March 2021

Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the frictional resistance of Conventional, Teflon, and Epoxy coated stainless steel archwires in Metal, Ceramic brackets.
Materials and Methods: 0.019” x 0.025” Stainless steel arch wire. (G & HTM) – 30n, 0.019” x 0.025” Teflon coated stainless steel archwire. (D-TechTM) – 30n, 0.019” x 0.025” Epoxy coated stainless steel archwire. (G & HTM) – 30n, 0.22 MBT Stainless steel (Gemini- 3M UnitekTM,) lower incisor brackets – 30n, 0.22 MBT Ceramic (Gemini- 3M UnitekTM), lower incisor brackets – 60n. The wires are cut into 5cm long and are ligated to bracket using 0.010- inch ligature wire. Acrylic block is placed in lower arm of Instron universal testing machine, free end of wire is pulled with upper arm of universal testing machine, at a rate of 10 mm/ min while the wire is placed parallel to long axis of bracket and tooth, and a load of 50 kg was used to measure frictional forces.
Results: Stainless steel bracket combined with Stainless Steel wire showed maximum Friction 2.640N (mean) and minimum was 0.307N (mean) with a SD of ±1.2275 (0.6618). Stainless-steel bracket combined with Epoxy coated SS wire showed maximum Friction of 10.3N and minimum was 5.62N with a SD of ± 7.3513 (1.8975). Stainless steel bracket combined with Teflon coated SS wire maximum Friction noted was 5.59N and minimum was 1.66N with a SD of ± 1.8652 (0.9545). Ceramic brackets combined with Stainless Steel wire showed maximum Friction 10.88N and minimum 4.29N with a SD of ± 6.55529 (1.6081). Ceramic brackets combined with Epoxy coated SS wire showed maximum Friction 14.88N and minimum 5.62 with a SD of ± 9.3305 (2.4077) Ceramic brackets combined with Teflon coated SS wire showed maximum Friction of 6.93N and minimum 4.31N with a SD of ±6.3483 (1.2302)
Conclusions: Stainless steel brackets combined with stainless steel archwires or Teflon coated archwires may be used effectively in sliding mechanics, rather than ceramic brackets and tooth-colored epoxy coated archwires.
An Autosomal Recessive form of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Due to Mutations in TRMT61A Gene: A Case Report
Authors: Sharif Fadel A. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare genetic disorder presenting with craniofacial dysmorphia, developmental delay, intellectual disabilities, upper limb abnormalities and gastrointestinal problems. The disease is genetically heterogenous and the underlying genetic cause in unknown in around 30% of the cases.
Case Presentation: A Palestinian family visited our department for genetic counseling. The non-consanguineous parents have only two (4 and 2 years old) daughters, both presented with features consistent with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Whole exome sequencing revealed two previously unknown coding variants in the autosomal TRMT61A, a gene that has not been linked to any human disease before. TRMT61A codes for the catalytic subunit of tRNA (adenine-N1-)-methyltransferase. The mother harbored an in-frame deletion variant c.478_483delCGCACC (p.R160_T161del), whereas the father carried a missense variant c.323G>T (p.C108F). Both variants are novel and were predicted as "damaging". So far, no autosomal recessive forms of the disease has been described in the literature. The carrier states of the parents and the existence of the two variants in compound heterozygous forms in both girls was further confirmed by allele-specific PCR. In their next pregnancy, prenatal diagnosis indicated that the fetus is a carrier of the mother's variant and the pregnancy culminated in the birth of a healthy baby girl.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the TRMT61A mutations are the cause of the disease features observed in this family and supports the proposal that RNA modification defects are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome.
Frequency and Outcome of Hypoglycemia in Severely Malnourished Children at Tertiary Care Hospital Larkana
Authors: Rizwana . , Bhagchand . , Rai Gulab , Das Chetan , Lal Shanti , Jamro Saifullah 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine frequency and outcome of hypoglycemia in severely malnourished children at tertiary care Hospital Larkana.
Methodology: This descriptive, case series study was carried out at the department of Pediatric Medicine Chandka Medical Hospital Larkana, during 6 months. Severely malnourished children of both gender and age between 6 months to 5 years were enrolled. Severity of malnutrition was evaluated as per standard anthropometric measures i.e. height, body weight, MUAC (mid upper arm circumference) by standard MUAC tape. Hypoglycemia was assessed by checking random blood sugar on glucometer. All the data was recorded via self-made proforma and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 24.27±15.30 months. Mean MUAC was 9.39±1.56. There were 96 (52.20%) females and 88 (47.80%) males. Mean serum glucose level was found to be 86.02±21.58 mg/dL. There were 23(12.50%) patients with hypoglycemia and out of which 16 (69.60%) patients expired and 7 (30.40%) patients survived.
Conclusion: Hypoglycemia was found to be 12.50% in severely malnourished children and it was significantly associated with adverse outcome.
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprinting Analysis of Piper betle L. Leaves
Authors: Kale Ramdas N. , Patil Ravindra Y. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Many modern medicines used today based on plants and plant products. Piper betle is generally known as the betle vine, it is an important medicinal and recreational plant. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is an advanced powerful analytical method with more separation power, high performance and superior reproducibility than classic thin layer chromatography (TLC). A chromatographic fingerprint of a plant extract is a chromatographic pattern of some common chemical constituents of pharmacologically active and/or chemical characteristics. Chromatographic fingerprints are useful in authentication and identification of plant.
Objectives: Objectives of present research was to establish HPTLC fingerprinting of methanolic extract of Piper betle L. leaves.
Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of Piper betle leaves was prepared using soxhlet apparatus. HPTLC studies were performed using a CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with automatic TLC sampler-4 (ATS 4), TLC scanner 4, and vision CATS 3.0 software.
Results: The study revealed the presence of alkaloids with Rf value 0.65, flavonoids with Rf values 0.19, 0.29, 0.72, 0.95., and phenolic compound with Rf value 0.7.
Conclusion: The HPTLC fingerprinting profile developed for the methanolic extract of Piper betle L. leaves will help in proper identification of the plant.Piper betle
Myco-deterioration of Smoke-Dried African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Stored at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Abiala Moses A. , Okusanya Abiola M. , Olanbiwoninu Afolake A. , Abiala Opeyemi A. , Ibadin Francis H. 
Published: March 2021

The current study was carried out on moulds associated with sequential deterioration of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus stored at ambient temperature. Samples of smoke-dried catfish were obtained from street shops, commercial vendors and as well as from neighbouring rural markets where large percentage of population used to buy for consumption. Mould infestation, nutritional composition, pH and moisture content were determined in parallel at week 0, 3 and 6. Results of the study pointed that mould load increased with storage period and ranged from 2.00 x 102 to 11.31 x 102 cfu/g. The associated moulds were identified as Aspergillus flavus, A. versicolor, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Fusarium solani, Penicillium species and Mucor species. As the storage duration advances at the ambient temperature, the associated moulds maintained sequential succession in the smoke-dried catfish. Specifically, A. flavus and A. versicolor succeeded A. niger and A. fumigatus till week 3, and A. flavus activated the succession till week 6. Unfortunately, apart from Penicillium commune that joined the activities of P. crysogenum at week 6, other moulds were not succeeded. The crude fat, fibre, protein and ash content decreased while the moisture content of the smoke-dried catfish gradually increased. Slightly acidic to neutral pH was maintained throughout the period of storage. Our study therefore revealed that sequential myco-deterioration of smoke-dried catfish is possible when stored for long period at ambient temperature.
Carboxylates and alcohols production in an autotrophic hydrogen‐based membrane biofilm reactor
Authors: Calvo Diana C. , Ontiveros‐Valencia Aura , Krajmalnik‐Brown Rosa , Torres Cesar I. , Rittmann Bruce E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicrobiological conversion of CO2 into biofuels and/or organic industrial feedstock is an excellent carbon‐cycling strategy. Here, autotrophic anaerobic bacteria in the membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) transferred electrons from hydrogen gas (H2) to inorganic carbon (IC) and produced organic acids and alcohols. We systematically varied the H2‐delivery, the IC concentration, and the hydraulic retention time in the MBfR. The relative availability of H2 versus IC was the determining factor for enabling microbial chain elongation (MCE). When the H2:IC mole ratio was high (>2.0 mol H2/mol C), MCE was an important process, generating medium‐chain carboxylates up to octanoate (C8, 9.1 ± 1.3 mM C and 28.1 ± 4.1 mmol C m−2 d−1). Conversely, products with two carbons were the only ones present when the H2:IC ratio was low (<2.0 mol H2/mol C), so that H2 was the limiting factor. The biofilm microbial community was enriched in phylotypes most similar to the well‐known acetogen Acetobacterium for all conditions tested, but phylotypes closely related with families capable of MCE (e.g., Bacteroidales, Rhodocyclaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Thermoanaerobacteriales, and Erysipelotrichaceae) became important when the H2:IC ratio was high. Thus, proper management of IC availability and H2 supply allowed control over community structure and function, reflected by the chain length of the carboxylates and alcohols produced in the MBfR.
In‐depth Understanding of the Effects of Intramolecular Charge Transfer on Carbon Nitride Based Photocatalysts†
Authors: Sun Zongzhao , Tan Yueyang , Wan Jianyong , Huang Limin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntramolecular charge transfer (ICT) derived from a donor‐acceptor system has been applied for years to enhance the charge mobility in the field of organic photovoltaics and chemical sensing. Similar strategies have gradually been developed in polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) photocatalytic systems for promoting the light absorption and charge separation. However, there are no reviews focusing on the effects of ICT after the modification of GCN so far. Herein, we summarize some typical literature on GCN engineering to expound profoundly the roles of ICT in electronic properties regulation in terms of in‐situ formation and molecular coupling. At last, some important perspectives are also proposed. This review will deepen understanding of the traditional theory for a new recognition among such many methods to improve the performance of GCN.
Cryogel Carriers Comprising β‐Cyclodextrin Moieties for Improved Solubilization and Delivery of Aripiprazole
Authors: Danov Yavor , Georgieva Dilyana , Mihaylova Rositsa , Kostova Bistra , Petrov Petar D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAripiprazole is a second‐generation atypical antipsychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, tic disorders, major depressive disorder, etc. However, aripiprazole is poorly soluble in water and many efforts are focused on developing delivery systems which can improve the solubility and the therapeutic activity of aripiprazole. In this contribution, the fabrication of novel cryogel carriers comprising β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) moieties for improved solubilization of aripiprazole is reported. Cryogels are synthesized by photochemical crosslinking of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and β‐CD triacrylate (β‐CD‐Ac3) in frozen aqueous system using H2O2 as initiator. The effect of DMA/β‐CD‐Ac3 mass ratio on the reaction efficiency, physico‐mechanical properties of cryogel, and drug loading efficiency is evaluated. The cryogel carriers are loaded with aripiprazole via procedure favoring inclusion of drug molecules into the hydrophobic cavity of β‐CD. The release of aripiprazole from PDMA/β‐CD carriers at pH 1.2 and 6.8 is studied and compared to the pure PDMA carriers.
High Aspect Ratio Polymeric Nanoneedle Arrays
Authors: McCormack James C. , Podhorska Lucia , Delaney Colm , Zhang Fengyuan , Rodriguez Brian J. , Kelleher Susan M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh aspect ratio (HAR) nanoneedle arrays can be used to tune the intrinsic properties of substrates such as their wettability and reflectivity. Here, a simple and scalable fabrication method for producing dense arrays of freestanding polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoneedles with sub 50 nm tips and surface coverage up to 83 needles per µm2 is presented. Two distinct sets of silicon nanoneedle master arrays with base diameters between 15 and 265 nm and heights between 146 and 613 nm are fabricated using block copolymer micelle lithography. Replication of selected silicon masters using photocurable polymers produces HAR PEG nanoneedle arrays with feature base diameters ranging between 15 and 292 nm and heights between 133 and 656 nm. At their maximum, the aspect ratio of the pillars is 4.6. PEG nanoneedle arrays are produced using polymers with two different molecular weights as well as two different photoinitiators, showing the versatility of the process.
Quantitative analysis of myokymic discharges in radiation versus nonradiation cases
Authors: Oishi Tatsuya , Ryan Conor S. , Vazquez Do Campo Rocio , Laughlin Ruple S. , Rubin Devon I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionMyokymic discharges are classically associated with nerve injury from prior radiation but may occur in other neuromuscular disorders. Using quantitative analysis we aimed to identify the spectrum of conditions in which myokymic discharges are present and determine if there are electrophysiological features that distinguish postradiation from nonradiation causes of myokymia.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical history of all patients examined in our electromyography labs with myokymic discharges recorded from June 2017 to February 2020. Quantitative analysis of each myokymic discharge was performed using a custom MATLAB script, assessing features such as burst frequency, spikes per burst, and burst regularity.ResultsEighty‐eight distinct myokymic discharges (70 patients) were analyzed: 51 postradiation recordings from 35 patients and 37 recordings from 35 nonradiation patients. The diagnostic spectrum of nonradiation cases was diverse, with common causes being median neuropathy (n = 8), cervical (n = 7), and lumbar (n = 5) radiculopathy, and motor neuron disease (n = 5). On quantitative analysis, postradiation myokymia had an increased burst‐to‐silence ratio (median, 0.29; nonradiation, 0.08) and greater peak number (median, 15; nonradiation, 7). Except for one patient with hereditary peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, all patients who had two or more muscles demonstrating myokymic discharges belonged to postradiation group.ConclusionsMyokymic discharges can be seen in diverse neuromuscular conditions; most common in our cohort was chronic median neuropathy. Postradiation myokymia appears to have distinguishing morphological features when quantitatively analyzed compared with nonradiation cases.
The EMT transcription factor ZEB1 blocks osteoblastic differentiation in bone development and osteosarcoma
Authors: Ruh Manuel , Stemmler Marc P , Frisch Isabell , Fuchs Kathrin , van Roey Ruthger , Kleemann Julia , Roas Maike , Schuhwerk Harald , Eccles Rebecca L , Agaimy Abbas , Baumhoer Daniel , Berx Geert , Müller Fabian , Brabletz Thomas , Brabletz Simone 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOsteosarcoma is an often‐fatal mesenchyme‐derived malignancy in children and young adults. Overexpression of EMT‐transcription factors (EMT‐TFs) has been associated with poor clinical outcome. Here, we demonstrated that the EMT‐TF ZEB1 is able to block osteoblastic differentiation in normal bone development as well as in osteosarcoma cells. Consequently, overexpression of ZEB1 in osteosarcoma characterizes poorly differentiated, highly metastatic subgroups and its depletion induces differentiation of osteosarcoma cells. Overexpression of ZEB1 in osteosarcoma is frequently associated with silencing of the imprinted DLK‐DIO3 locus, which encodes for microRNAs targeting ZEB1. Epigenetic reactivation of this locus in osteosarcoma cells reduces ZEB1 expression, induces differentiation, and sensitizes to standard treatment, thus indicating therapeutic options for ZEB1‐driven osteosarcomas. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
On the Terracini Locus of Projective
Varieties
Authors: Ballico Edoardo , Chiantini Luca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe introduce and study properties of the Terracini locus of projective
varieties X, which is the locus of finite sets $$S \subset X$$

S
⊂
X

such that 2S fails to impose
independent conditions to a linear system L. Terracini loci are relevant in the
study of interpolation problems over double points in special position, but they
also enter naturally in the study of special loci contained in secant varieties to
projective varieties.We find some criteria which exclude that a set S belongs to the Terracini
locus. Furthermore, in the case where X is a Veronese variety, we bound the
dimension of the Terracini locus and we determine examples in which the locus
has codimension 1 in the symmetric product of X.
Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) is associated with a high immunoscore but not with PD-L1 expression or increased survival in patients (pts.) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with oxaliplatin (ox) and fluoropyrimidine (FP) with and without bevacizumab (bev): a pooled analysis of the AIO KRK 0207 and RO91 trials
Authors: Noepel-Duennebacke Stefanie , Juette Hendrik , Schulmann Karsten , Graeven Ulrich , Porschen Rainer , Stoehlmacher Jan , Hegewisch-Becker Susanna , Raulf Arne , Arnold Dirk , Reinacher-Schick Anke , Tannapfel Aandrea 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
In a retrospective analysis of two randomized phase III trials in mCRC patients treated first line with oxaliplatin, fluoropyrimidine with and without Bevacizumab (the AIO KRK 0207 and R091 trials) we evaluated the association of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), immunoscore (IS) and PD-L1 expression in relation to overall survival (OS).

Methods
In total, 550 samples were analysed. Immunohistochemical analysis of the MMR proteins and additionally fragment length analysis was performed, molecular examinations via allele-discriminating PCR in combination with DNA sequencing. Furthermore PD-L1 and IS were assessed.

Results
MSI-H tumors were more frequent in right sided tumors (13.66% vs. 4.14%) and were correlated with mutant BRAF (p = 0.0032), but not with KRAS nor NRAS mutations (MT). 3.1% samples were found to be PD-L1 positive, there was no correlation of PDL1 expression with MSI-H status, but in a subgroup analysis of MSI-H tumors the percentage of PD-L1 positive tumors was higher than in MSS tumors (9.75% vs. 2.55%). 8.5% of samples showed a positive IS, MSI-H was associated with a high IS. The mean IS of the pooled population was 0.57 (SD 0.97), while the IS of MSI-H tumors was significantly higher (mean of 2.4; SD 1.4; p =< 0.0001).

Discussion
Regarding OS in correlation with MSI-H, PD-L1 and IS status we did not find a significant difference. However, PD-L1 positive mCRC tended to exhibit a longer OS compared to PD-L1 negative cancers (28.9 vs. 22.1 months).
Tumor patients’ fears and worries and perceived changes of specific attitudes, perceptions and behaviors due to the COVID-19 pandemic are still relevant
Authors: Büssing Arndt , Recchia Daniela Rodrigues , Hübner Jutta , Walter Stefanie , Büntzel Judith , Büntzel Jens 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
During the COVID-19 pandemic, tumor patients not only perceived fears and worries but were experiencing also positive changes as the perception of nature and silence, moments of wondering awe, and more intense relationships. We intended to analyze whether these perceptions may differ between patients from waves 1 and 2 of the pandemic.

Methods
Cross-sectional study at two time periods (May to June, sample 1) and September to November 2020 (sample 2) with standardized questionnaires (i.e. WHO-5, MLQ, PCQ-12).

Results
Patients from sample 1 (n = 292) and sample 2 (n = 221) did not differ with respect to gender, age, partner or tumor status. Most are still “irritated by statements about danger and course of the infection” (58%) and are “worrying to be infected and to have complicated course of disease” (55%). Neither their well-being nor meaning in life nor fears and worries were significantly different. In sample 2 patients, Worrying reflections and loneliness scored significantly lower, while their Perception of nature and silence was lower in trend only; more intense relationships are still relevant. Moments of wondering awe and religious trust were perceived less often during wave 2. Particularly religious patients scored stronger for Perception of nature and silence and Worrying reflections and loneliness.

Conclusion
Oncologists/psychologist have to know that patients’ situation has not changed within the time of pandemic and that they still require information, close support and encouragement to rely on their resources to cope. Perceived changes are reflecting coping strategies that could be trained to increase patients’ resilience during further pandemic waves.
Mechanical circulatory support in patients with cardiogenic shock not secondary to cardiotomy: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Benenati Stefano , Toma Matteo , Canale Claudia , Vergallo Rocco , Bona Roberta Della , Ricci Davide , Canepa Marco , Crimi Gabriele , Santini Francesco , Ameri Pietro , Porto Italo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To compare the efficacy and safety of different mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices in CS. A total of 24 studies (7 randomized controlled trials—RCTs—and 17 non-RCTs) involving 11,117 patients were entered in a Bayesian network meta-analysis. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were stroke and bleeding (requiring transfusion and/or intracranial and/or fatal). Compared with no MCS, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) reduced 30-day mortality when used both alone (OR 0.37, 95% CrI 0.15–0.90) and together with the micro-axial pump Impella (OR 0.13, 95% CrI 0.02–0.80) or intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (OR 0.19, 95% CrI 0.05–0.63), although the relevant articles were affected by significant publication bias. Consistent results were obtained in a sensitivity analysis including only studies of CS due to myocardial infarction. After halving the weight of studies with a non-RCT design, only the benefit of ECMO + IABP on 30-day mortality was maintained (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.057–0.76). The risk of bleeding was increased by TandemHeart (OR 13, 95% CrI 3.50–59), Impella (OR 5, 95% CrI 1.60–18), and IABP (OR 2.2, 95% CrI 1.10–4.4). No significant differences were found across MCS strategies regarding stroke. Although limited by important quality issues, the studies performed so far indicate that ECMO, especially if combined with Impella or IABP, reduces short-term mortality in CS. MCS increases the hazard of bleeding.