bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the Angiopoietin-Like Gene Family and Their Role in Lipid Metabolism in Pigs
Authors: Zheng Zibin , Lyu Wentao , Hong Qihua , Yang Hua , Li Ying , Zhao Shengjun , Ren Ying , Xiao Yingping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Lipid metabolism is closely associated with various metabolic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. More importantly, it also affects the carcass quality of animals. Angiopoietin-like protein (Angiopoietin-like, ANGPTL) family members are encoded by 8 genes and play an important role in lipid metabolism and angiogenesis. In this study, we first systematically described the phylogenetic characteristics of pig ANGPTL family genes and identified the critical roles of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 in the lipid metabolism of pigs.Methods: The amino acid sequence analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and chromosome adjacent gene analysis were performed to identify the ANGPTL gene family in pigs. Furthermore, according to the body weight data from 60 Jinhua pigs, different tissues of 6 pigs with average body weight were used to determine the expression profile of ANGPTL1-8. The ileum, subcutaneous fat, and liver of 8 pigs with distinct fatness were selected to analyze the gene expression of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8. Results: Results showed the sequence length of ANGPTLs in pigs was between 1186 and 1991 bp, and the pig ANGPTL family members shared common features with human homologous genes, including the high similarity of the amino acid sequence and chromosome flanking genes. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that ANGPTL1-7 had a highly conserved domain except for ANGPTL8. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ANGPTL homologues identified from 6 species could be divided into two categories. Each ANGPTL homologous gene was clustered with other mammalian sequences, away from other vertebrates. RT-qPCR analysis showed that ANGPTL family members had different expression patterns in different tissues. ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 were mainly expressed in the liver, while ANGPTL4 was expressed in many other tissues, such as the intestine and subcutaneous fat. The expression levels of ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 in Jinhua pigs with low propensity for adipogenesis were significantly higher than those of high propensity for adipogenesis. Conclusions: These results increase our knowledge about the biological role of the ANGPTL family in this important economic species. In addition, it will also help to better understand the role of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 in lipid metabolism of pigs, and provide innovative ideas for develop strategies to improve pig carcass quality.
The Determinants of Infant Mortality and Public Policies in Brazil 2004-2015: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Bugelli Alexandre Hamilton , Silva Roxane Borgès Da , Dowbor Ladislau , Sicotte Claude 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundInfant mortality as a relevant indicator of population's health, social inequalities and living conditions has been fairly documented in the literature as it still represents a major challenge for emerging countries such as Brazil. While infant mortality rates have decreased in the last 30 years, some macro-regions of the country present great variability of infant mortality rates. These disparities, together with a rise in infant mortality and under-five mortality rates, and after the country experienced a political-economic crisis, draw attention to social determinants of health. MethodWe conducted a descriptive analysis of the determinants of infant mortality in Brazil between 2004 and 2015, based on the World Health Organization’s Commission on Social Determinants of Health conceptual framework aiming at analyzing the evolution of these determinants to understand the behavior of the infant mortality rate observed in recent years in the country.ResultsResults suggested that there is a correlation between infant mortality and structural determinants such as income, the Bolsa Família Program, education and employment, and intermediary determinants such as the number of livebirths by prenatal visits, the number of physicians and nurses per thousand inhabitants, fertility rate, safe water, and sewage service coverage rates.ConclusionResults suggest that inequalities in infant mortality observed among macro-regions in Brazil are related to disparities in the distribution of Social Determinants of Health such as income, Bolsa Família Program coverage, education attainment, employment, fertility rate and of health-related determinants such as quality of and accessibility to healthcare and water supply, as well as sewage services. These disparities impose different dynamics between the structural and intermediary determinants of health that likely limit further reductions in infant mortality, which would probably explain both the slowdown in the reduction and the tendency of IMR to remain at a relatively high level. Results also suggest that the increase of infant mortality rate in 2016 is attributable to the deterioration in one or more of those determinants, such as a fall in employment rate due to the economic crisis, may be pointed out as one of the causes of interruption on the trend of decline in infant mortality.
Lung Shunt Fraction Calculation Using 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT Imaging for 90Y Microsphere Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Liver Tumors
Authors: Georgiou Michalis , Kuker Russ A , Studenski Matthew , Ahlman Preeti P , Witte Megan , Portelance Lorraine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background99m Tc-macroaggregated albumin ( 99m Tc-MAA) scintigraphy is utilized in treatment planning for Yttrium-90 ( 90 Y) Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT) of liver tumors to evaluate hepatopulmonary shunting by calculating the lung shunt fraction (LSF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate if LSF calculation using SPECT/CT instead of planar gamma camera imaging is more accurate and if this can potentially lead to more effective treatment planning while avoiding excessive pulmonary irradiation. ResultsLSF calculation was obtained using two different methodologies in 85 cases from consecutive patients intended to receive 90Y SIRT. The first method was based on planar gamma camera imaging in the anterior and posterior views with geometric mean calculation of the LSF from regions of interest of the liver and lungs. The second method was based on segmentation of the liver and lungs from SPECT/CT images of the thorax and abdomen. The differences in planar imaging versus SPECT/CT derived LSF values along with the estimated absorbed lung mean dose (LMD) were evaluated. The LSF values were higher in planar imaging versus SPECT/CT in 81/85 cases, with a mean value of 8.5% vs. 4.6% respectively; the difference was statistically significant using a paired t-test (alpha = 0.05). In those patients who received SIRT, the estimated absorbed LMD calculated with planar imaging was significantly higher than with SPECT/CT (t-test, P<0.005). Repeated phantom experiments using an anthropomorphic torso phantom with variable 99m- Tc activity concentrations for the liver and lungs were performed with the standard patient protocol, demonstrated improved accuracy of the LSF calculation based on SPECT/CT than planar imaging (mean overestimated value of 6% vs. 26%).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that LSF calculation using planar imaging can be significantly overestimated while calculation using SPECT/CT imaging and appropriate segmentation tools can be more accurate. A lower calculated LSF could allow for a higher dose prescription which can potentially lead to more effective treatments for hepatic tumors.
Single-site laparoscopic treatment of pathological intussusception secondary to heterotopic pancreas in an 11-month old infant
Authors: Jing Yulei , Wang Dafeng , Zhu Xiaomin , Cai Yijin , li Xia , Shi Yingzuo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Intussusception in children is mostly idiopathic, while intestinal intussusception in infancy is uncommon. Specially, intussusception caused by isolated ileal heterotopic pancreas, the abnormal localization of a well-differentiated pancreatic tissue in the ileal serosa, is relatively rare. Early recurrence of intussusception would suggest the presence of pathological lead point and the possibility of surgical exploration. Case presentation: An 11-month-old boy, diagnosed with recurrent intussusception caused by ileal heterotopic pancreas, was admitted to our hospital. After admission, the baby was resuscitated with normal saline and received air edema twice, but both failed. Given the presence of pathological intussusception, the boy was sent to operating theater and received a single-site laparoscopically assisted surgery. The patient recovered successfully and got a satisfactory cosmetic result.Conclusions: Due to its minimally invasive and diagnostic advantages, laparoscopy proves to be a safe and attractive alternative, especially for emergency patient with stable hemodynamics but no definite radiological diagnosis. Meanwhile, we emphasize the importance of paying essential attention to the condition that recurrent intussusception of extreme age should always be taken into consideration.
Five-year Surveillance of Malaria in Hotspot and Ivermectin Mass-drug Administration Zone of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Yenew Chalachew , Mulatu Sileshi , Alamneh Asaye 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Evaluate the five-year surveillance of malaria in the hotspot and Ivermectin mass-drug administration Zone of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.Methods: - A descriptive prevalence study design was employed and incorporated 25 study health institutions into the survey using the purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained by the standard format of systematic evaluation of four surveillance units from January to August 2020 through observation, document review, and interviewing surveillance officers and focal persons using a semi-structured Survey and generated the statistical analysis, tabular, and graphical output using the open-source statistical program R. Results: - Average report fullness and aptness were 97.9% and 96% subsequently. The average annual malaria incidence rate declined in terms of place and time, from the year 2015 to 2019 with an average reduction rate of 5.5% and the average annual parasitic incidence rate was 52%. The study identifies high endemicity of malaria due to no program-specific supportive supervision of public health emergency management and no routine data analysis.Conclusions: This result revealed that the malaria incidence rate showed a remarkable decline. However, the annual parasitic incidence rate remains constant. The study also indicated that ivermectin did not affect malaria elimination. Hence, the districts and sub-city health offices should conduct regular surveillance data analysis, perform supportive supervision, avail budgets, and further laboratory investigations to investigate the effect of ivermectin on the parasites under laboratory conditions.
Molecular characterization of a novel secretory phospholipase A2 as coding gene from venom glands of Iranian Scorpio maurus (Arachnida: Scorpionidae)
Authors: Soltan-Alinejad Parisa , Alipour Hamzeh , Soltani Aboozar , Asgari Qasem , Ramezani Amin , Mehrabani Davood , Azizi Kourosh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Scorpions as a venomous arthropod can defend and capture the prey by secretion of venom into their venomic sacs. The venom is a mixture of a variety of compounds with specific biological activities, such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme to be present in scorpion venom. This study is the first investigation of structural and molecular characterization of PLA2 from Iranian scorpion, S. maurus that can be added to the literature when targeting molecular characterization of PLA2 coding gene from venom glands of Iranian S. maurus.
Results

S. maurus PLA2 with 432 base pair (bp) nucleotide length encoded a protein of 144 amino acid residues and 16.34 kilodaltons (kDa). According to DiANNA 1.1 web server prediction, this protein had 5 disulfide bridges. The deposited PLA2 in GenBank (MW241004) was very similar to S. maurus (MF347455.1) with 95.14% identity. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that our PLA2 had a close relationship with insect PLA2. Our PLA2 had 38.83% identity with bee venom PLA2 according to SWISS-MODEL prediction and 100% confidence and 39% identity with insect phospholipase A2 family, which was predicted by Phyre2. Our PLA2 was similar to chain A of bee venom PLA2. Conserved domains on target PLA2 contained 17–118 amino acid in length and 45–52 amino acids in the active site. There was no signal peptide.
Conclusions

In the light of our results, the coding sequence of characterized PLA2 was a member of the PLA2 superfamily. According to the three-dimensional structure prediction, the target PLA2 with five disulfide bonds has a very high similarity to the structure of phospholipase A2 belonged to the group III subfamily. Interestingly, the active site residue of target PLA2 also has the His-Asp acid pair and the effective amino acid in catalytic domain of it was\({\text{H}\text{i}\text{s}}^{49}\).
Two Novel, Simple-Structured and Easy-Synthesized Acceptors Based on Fluorene or Carbazole for Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Weng Fubiao , Shen Songping , Zheng Peijin , Xu Gengbiao , Qiu Zhiwei , Chen Jianhao , Chen Yongtao , peng shengming , Liao Junxu , Zhao Hongbin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Two novel D-π-A-π-D type non-fullerene acceptors (FPTC and CPTC) composed of fluorene or carbazole as acceptor unit, benzene as intermediates and 2-(6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[c] thiophen-4-ylidene) malononitrile (TC) as terminal groups are synthesized through only two procedures. Also, their electrochemical behavior, photophysical properties and photovoltaic performance are systematically characterized and thoroughly studied. In consequence, the FPTC has better performance than C PTC, and the PCE of this device based on FPTC: PTB7-Th is nearly 1% higher than that of CPTC: PTB7-Th device, reaching up to 1.09% with a V OC of 0.71 V, a J SC of 3.42 mA cm − 2 . The higher PCE of the device based on FPTC is attributed to the fact that this molecular has a wider absorption spectrum and a higher molar extinction coefficient nearly four times than that of CPTC, a higher initial oxidation potential, and a lower onset reduction potential. Also, the higher electron mobility rate and hole mobility rate contribute to the device based on FPTC better performances. Compared with carbazole, the fluorene as the acceptor unit provides potential possibilities for the construction of high-performance organic solar cells.
Methane emission from different rice cultivation systems in Bangladesh: A model based approach
Authors: Saha Milton , Mia Shamim , Biswas AKM Abdul Ahad , Sattar Md. Abdus , Dijkstra Feike A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Globally, a large amount of methane (CH4) emission is generated from agricultural systems including rice farming in many Asian countries including Bangladesh. However, a reliable estimate of CH4 emission from rice cultivation is not available, particularly considering the different rice types (i.e., local land races, high yielding varieties (HYV), and hybrid varieties) grown under diverse conditions. Here, we estimated current and future CH4 emission (both rate and amount) from different rice farming systems in Bangladesh using the IPCC Tier1 method. Model based estimates were validated with a pilot survey and with other studies. Across all rice types grown in different seasons, (i.e., Aus from March to August, Aman from July to December and Boro from December to June), the estimated CH4 emission in 2020 was at 2348 Gg CH4 yr− 1 (95% CIs of 799–5628 Gg CH4 yr− 1) while a slightly higher CH4 emission was estimated at 2376 Gg CH4 yr− 1 for the year 2060 after considering a 0.5 % cultivable rice land migration to non-agricultural activities. We also found significant differences in CH4 emission rates among types of rice cultivation and growing season. Average across all seasons, the highest CH4 emission was from hybrid varieties (225 kg CH4 ha− 1 yr− 1), while the lowest (128 kg CH4 ha− 1 yr− 1) from local land races. In contrast, the same local land races showed the highest emission rates when normalized against yield. Across all rice types, the largest CH4 emission was during Aman season accounting 61% of the total annual emission. Our model-based estimates reasonably compare with survey-based estimates (r2 = 0.94, p < 0.01) and fall within one standard deviation of a log-normal distribution of measurement based CH4 emissions. Our findings, therefore, provide a deeper insight into CH4 emissions from rice cultivation systems.
Genotyping and sero-virological characterisation of hepatitis B virus-infected blood donors in Central Eritrea
Authors: Hamida Mohammed Elfatih , Raja Saud Mohammed , Petros Yodahi , Elkhidir Isam Mohammed , Wahab Munir , Achila Oliver Okoth , Tekle Freweini , Berhane Isayas Yohannes 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim

To determine serological markers and genotypes profiles of HBV isolates in Central Eritrea.
Materials & methods

A total of 191 HBsAg sero-positive samples were randomly selected for the study from 23,232 screened blood donors from 2015 to 2017. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to perform HBV serological markers screening, while genotypes were determined using type-specific primer-based multiplex-nested PCR.
Results

The median age of infected blood donors was 28.9 ± 10.26 years. Of 191 HBsAg reactive serum samples, 77.5% (148/191) were sero-positive for HBcAb-total, among which 99.3% (147/148) and 0.7% (1/148) were sero-positive for HBsAg and HBsAb, respectively. Interestingly, among 147 HBcAb-total/HBsAg reactive samples, 16 (10.9%) and 131 (77.9%) were sero-positive for HBeAg and HBeAb, respectively. For genotyping, 73 HBV isolates were successfully amplified and genotyped, with 59 (80.8%) had a mono-genotype and 14 (19.2%) had a mixed-genotype infection. Among HBV isolates with mono-genotypes: 39 (53.4%) D; 10 (13.7%) E; 6 (8.2%) A and 4 (5.5%) C. While five mixed-genotypes comprised: 6 (8.2%) C/D; 3 (4.1%) C/D/E; 2 (2.7%) each with genotype A/D and D/E; and 1 (1.4%) genotype B/D.
Conclusion

HBV genotype D is the predominant genotype, either as a HBV mono- or mixed-genotype infection, among blood donors in Eritrea.
FastPacket: Towards Pre-trained Packets Embedding based on FastText for next-generation NIDS
Authors: Jallad Khloud Al 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
New Attacks are increasingly used by attackers every day but many of them are not detected by Intrusion Detection Systems as most IDS ignore raw packet information and only care about some basic statistical information extracted from PCAP files. Using networking programs to extract fixed statistical features from packets is good, but may not enough to detect nowadays challenges. We think that it is time to utilize big data and deep learning for automatic dynamic feature extraction from packets. It is time to get inspired by deep learning pre-trained models in computer vision and natural language processing, so security deep learning solutions will have its pre-trained models on big datasets to be used in future researches. In this paper, we proposed a new approach for embedding packets based on character-level embeddings, inspired by FastText success on text data. We called this approach FastPacket. Results are measured on subsets of CIC-IDS-2017 dataset, but we expect promising results on big data pre-trained models. We suggest building pre-trained FastPacket on MAWI big dataset and make it available to community, similar to FastText. To be able to outperform currently used NIDS, to start a new era of packet-level NIDS that can better detect complex attacks
Investigating the effects of different cationic charge flocculation polymers on municipal wastewater sludge dewatering
Authors: Abrahams Megan , Aziz Mujahid , Kasongo Godwill 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The minimization of sludge produced by municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) is critical as its handling accounts for approximately 50% of the total operating cost. The challenges in predicting dewatering performance can be overcome by optimizing the sludge treatment process, especially conditioning and dewatering. This study aimed to investigate sludge dewaterability at four different MWWTPs, using a gravity drainage test unit and a bench-scale press. The effect of differently treated effluent used as a solvent to mix the flocculation polymers was observed during dewatering. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) treated effluent yielded the highest filtrate volume in the lowest amount of time, with the least polymer flocculant dosage. The Box Behnken Design model fitted the data and proved a relationship between polymer dosage, cake solids concentration, and cake height during the bench-scale press tests.
The impact of turbulence models on the simulation of residence time distribution in a multichamber ozone contactor
Authors: Peng Shijian , Deng Baoqing , Wu Jiming , Xu Liangtian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The flow and tracer transport in an ozone contactor is simulated by using computational fluid dynamics. The standard k- model, RNG k- model, realizable k- model and SST k- model are used to describe turbulence. A step change method is used to simulate the residence time distribution. The residence time and cumulative residence time are compared with laboratory experiments. All turbulence models can capture the feature of the residence time distribution and cumulative residence time distribution. The residence time distribution in the initial period is sensitive to the used turbulence model, which can affect the value of Morrill dispersion index. The standard k- model behaves better among four turbulence models.
Posłannictwo rodziny w formacji osoby ludzkiej i społeczeństwa
Authors: Rychlicki Czesław 
Published: May 2021

Refleksja nad misją rodziny w procesie formowania osoby i społeczeństwa staje się aktualna w kontekście kulturowych i ideologicznych niebezpieczeństw naszych czasów, które wpływają na naturę i fundamentalną tożsamość tych instytucji, których podstawą jest rodzina, oparta na małżeństwie. Poprzez pewne hasła – solidarność, demokracja, tolerancja i równość – które nabrały siły przekonywania w politycznej propagandzie i reklamie, zauważalna jest tendencja do zmiany tożsamości małżeństwa i rodziny, które są dwiema instytucjami ściśle ze sobą związanymi i ze swej natury ukierunkowanymi na cel, jakim jest dobro osoby i społeczeństwa. Zagrożenia te są sprzeczne z prawem naturalnym oraz zobowiązaniami rodziny i małżeństwa, zmierzającymi do formacji osób z nich się wywodzących.
Chrześcijaństwo wyprowadza prawdę o roli małżeństwa i rodziny z doktryny obecnej w Piśmie Świętym. Bóg stworzył człowieka jako mężczyznę i kobietę oraz powierzył im funkcję przekazywania nowego życia i jego rozwoju fizycznego i duchowego. Dlatego żadna próba zmiany charakteru małżeństwa i rodziny nie może być akceptowana w świetle prawa naturalnego i prawa Stwórcy. Tylko wzajemna współpraca między instytucjami świeckimi i kościelnymi na rzecz rozwoju rodziny i życia ludzkiego może służyć dojrzałości społecznej i formacji osób oraz może stworzyć klimat pokoju i umocnić prestiż państwa.