bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevation‐dependent response of snow phenology to climate change from a remote sensing perspective: A case survey in the central Tianshan mountains from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Wang Huadong , Zhang Xueliang , Xiao Pengfeng , Zhang Ka , Wu Senyao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlpine snow is an important water resource in arid/semi‐arid regions and sensitive to climate change. However, the response of snow phenology to climate change in different elevations remains unclear in mountain areas because of limited observation stations. In this study, the vertical difference of snow phenology and its response to climate change in high mountains are explored by using multi‐source remote sensing data from 2000 to 2019, taking the north slope of Central Tianshan Mountains as the study area. The results show that: (1) The temporal changes of snow cover days (SCD), snow cover onset date (SCOD), and snow cover end date (SCED) in different altitudes are various and contribute to the general change trends of the extended SCD, the advanced SCOD, and the advanced SCED from the hydrological year 2000 to 2018; (2) The snow phenology is significantly related to the changed temperature and/or precipitation in most altitudes, except for the SCD and SCOD in high altitudes, where the large temporal changes of temperature and precipitation lead to the complicated correlations in these altitudes; (3) The altitude threshold of 3600 m is identified to separate the relative importance of temperature and precipitation for SCD and SCOD, where the temperature shows a higher importance than precipitation below the altitude threshold, and neither temperature nor precipitation shows constant higher importance above the altitude threshold. As for SCED, the temperature is consistently more important than precipitation in most altitudes.
Postoperative C‐reactive protein concentrations to predict infective complications following gastrectomy for cancer
Authors: van Winsen Marjolein , McSorley Stephen T. , McLeod Ross , MacDonald Andrew , Forshaw Matthew J. , Shaw Martin , Puxty Kathryn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGastrectomy for gastric cancer is associated with significant infective postoperative complications. C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a useful biomarker in the early detection of infective complications following major abdominal surgery. This single‐centre retrospective study aimed to determine the relationship between postoperative CRP levels and development of postoperative infective complications after gastrectomy.MethodsDaily postoperative CRP levels were analyzed to determine a CRP threshold associated with infective complications. ROC curve analysis was used to determine which postoperative day (POD) gave the optimal cutoff. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine significant factors associated with complications.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐four patients were included. A total of 61 patients (42%) had at least one infective complication. A CRP level of 220 mg/L was associated with the highest AUC (0.765) with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 76% (positive predictive value, 67%; negative predictive value, 78%). More patients with a CRP > 220 mg/L on POD 3 developed infective complications (67% vs. 21%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsA CRP of more than 220 mg/L on POD 3 may be useful to alert clinicians to the increased risk of a postoperative infective complication or enable earlier safe discharge from critical care for those with a lower value.
Tumor immune microenvironment of primary colorectal adenocarcinomas metastasizing to the liver or lungs
Authors: Kim Jin C. , Ha Ye J. , Park In J. , Kim Chan W. , Yoon Yong S. , Lee Jong L. , Tak Ka H. , Cho Dong‐Hyung , Park Seong H. , Kim Seon‐Kyu , Kim Seon‐Young , Kim Yong S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBecause of the heterogeneity of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), a genome‐wide analysis was performed to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).MethodsRNA‐seq analysis of 62 primary CRCs without and 63 with systemic metastasis (SM− and SM+ groups) was conducted, and the data were used in a training set after adjustment by propensity score matching. Samples were further subdivided into those with hepatic metastasis (CHM subgroup), pulmonary metastasis (CPM subgroup), or concurrent CHM and CPM (concurrent group). Validation was done by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction using another 40 primary CRC samples.ResultsCompared with the CHM or CPM subgroups, the concurrent group showed upregulated in inflammatory or immune processes, cytokine secretion, and myeloid leukocyte migration. Nine candidate genes were selected: SM‐specific IDO1, JAM3, and PDE2A; CHM‐ or CPM‐specific BIRC7; CPM‐specific HISI1H2BK, and both SM‐specific and CHM‐ or CPM‐specific EPHB6, LPL, THBD, and PPBP. In a validation set of primary CRCs, JAM3 and IDO1 (p = 0.044 and p = 0.036, respectively) were confirmed to show significant upregulation and downregulation, respectively, in the SM+ group, whereas HIST1H2BK (p = 0.017) was significantly upregulated in the CPM subgroup.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that a host‐suppressive TIME is established in the primary tumor of mCRC and identify immune‐related site‐specific markers of mCRC.
Malignant neoplasms originating from the bones of the foot: Predilection of hematological malignancies and sex‐related and ethnic disparities in amputation
Authors: Jawad Muhammad Umar , Farhan Saif B. , Haffner Max R. , Kreulen Christopher D. , Giza Eric , Thorpe Steven W. , Randall R. Lor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeNeoplasms originating from the “small bones of the lower limb and the overlapping joints” are rare but portend a serious prognosis. Current study utilizes a population‐based registry in the United States to characterize the malignancies of the foot.MethodsNational Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result database from 1975 to 2017 was queried to report incidence and survival data in 514 patients in the Uited States. Kaplan–Meier and Cox Regression were used to determine the prognostic factors affecting survival. Chi square test was used to assess the correlation.ResultsHematological malignancies constituted 14.8% of the entire cohort. Incidence of the foot neoplasms was 0.024 per 100 000 persons in 2017 and has not significantly changed since 1975 (p > 0.05). Disease‐specific‐5‐year survival for the entire cohort was 73%. On multivariate analysis younger age groups, “localized” stage and extent of surgical resection were predictors of improved outcomes. A significant correlation was found between amputation with male sex and Hispanic ethnicity.ConclusionsThe current study analyzes data from population‐based registry reporting incidence and survival data for patients with neoplasms of the foot. Independent prognostic factors include age, stage and extent of surgical resection. Amputation was found to be associated with male sex and Hispanic ethnicity.
Changes in natural killer cell activity after surgery and predictors of its recovery–failure
Authors: Kim Eun Y. , Hong Tae H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe evaluated the changes in natural killer cell activity (NKA) during the entire treatment period of patients with resectable biliopancreatic cancers and investigated the predictors of the failure of recovery of NKA after surgery.MethodsA total of 202 patients who underwent curative resection for biliopancreatic cancer were enrolled in the study. NKA levels were measured six times during the treatment period. We investigated whether there was any difference in postoperative NKA recovery according to the period‐by‐time NKA value.ResultsNKA decreased after surgery (mean, 40 pg/ml) compared to the NKA value at admission (200.2 pg/ml), then began to increase from 3 weeks after surgery (139.7 pg/ml) and rose to normal NKA levels at 5 weeks (217.1 pg/ml). The pattern of NKA changes was distinct according to the NKA values at admission. In multivariate analysis, NKA values of less than 250 pg/ml at admission (odds ratio = 5.898, p = 0.044) were a predictor of NKA recovery failure 5 weeks after surgery.ConclusionsNKA rapidly decreased after curative surgery for biliopancreatic cancer and recovered to normal levels about 5 weeks later. Clinicians should be aware and cautious that patients with low NKA at admission may fail to recover NKA postoperatively.
Brown Treesnake Mortality After Aerial Application of Toxic Baits
Authors: Goetz Scott M. , Hileman Eric T. , Nafus Melia G. , Yackel Adams Amy A. , Bryant Amanda R. , Reed Robert N. , Siers Shane R. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTQuantitative evaluation of control tools for managing invasive species is necessary to assess overall effectiveness and individual variation in treatment susceptibility. Invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) on Guam have caused severe ecological and economic effects, pose a risk of accidental introduction to other islands, and are the greatest impediment to the reestablishment of extirpated native fauna. An aerial delivery system for rodent‐based toxic baits can reduce brown treesnake abundance and heterogeneity among individuals may influence bait attraction or toxicant susceptibility. Previous baiting trials have either been simulated aerial treatments or relied on slightly different bait capsule compositions and the results of aerial delivery of toxic baits under operational conditions may not be directly comparable. We monitored 30 radio‐tagged adult snakes (990–1,265 mm snout‐vent length) during an aerial baiting operation in a 55‐ha area using transmitters equipped with accelerometers and receivers programed to display a status code indicating mortality if a snake failed to move for >24 hours. We used known‐fate models to estimate mortality and evaluate a priori hypotheses explaining differences in mortality based on size, sex, and treatment effects. Eleven radio‐tagged snakes died in the aerial baiting treatment period (0.37, 95% CI = 0.21–0.55) and no individuals (0.00, 95% CI = 0.00–0.04) died during the non‐treatment period. Our data provide strong evidence for an additive size‐based treatment effect on mortality, with smaller adults (0.59, 95% CI = 0.35–0.80) exhibiting higher mortality than larger snakes (0.14, 95% CI = 0.02–0.37) but did not support a sex effect on mortality. The high mortality of snakes during the treatment period indicates that aerial baiting can reduce brown treesnake abundance, but further refinement or use in combination with other removal tools may be necessary to overcome size‐based differences in susceptibility and achieve eradication. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Self‐Healable Hydrophobic Material Based on Anthracenyl Functionalized Fluorous Block Copolymers via Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization and Rapid Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Ponnupandian Siva , Mondal Prantik , Lowe Andrew B. , Singha Nikhil K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, among the available approaches to develop self‐healable materials, 1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione (TAD)‐based Diels–Alder (DA) chemistry has gained tremendous attention, becuase this DA reaction is very rapid under ambient conditions. This study delineates developing a self‐healing hydrophobic fluorinated polymer utilizing dynamic and rapid TAD‐DA chemistry. For this purpose, block copolymers of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethylmethacrylate (TFEMA) are prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Subsequently, the pendant hydroxyl groups of the HEMA repeat units are modified with anthracenyl functionality via esterification with 9‐anthracenecarboxylic acid. The tailor‐made polymer‐bearing anthracenyl pendants are subsequently crosslinked via a rapid DA reaction using a bifunctional TAD derivative at room temperature (r.t.). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis is performed to interpret the thermoreversible behavior of the TAD‐derived DA polymer. The self‐healing characteristics of this TAD‐derived DA conjugate are studied by monitoring the healing of a notched surface via AFM analysis. Interestingly, the TAD conjugated fluoropolymers are hydrophobic, as evidenced by the water contact angle analysis. Such TAD‐derived DA fluoropolymer conjugates with remarkable hydrophobic characteristics and excellent self‐healing features can pave a new direction in the potential materials for specialty paints, coatings, and adhesives.
Dynamic Polyphosphazene Networks with Modulating Shape Memory and Self‐Healing Capacity by Double Coordination Interactions
Authors: Wu Zhaolin , Zhao Yuanxi , Zhang Liqun , Wang Xiufen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA modern class of self‐healing polyphosphazene elastomers has been synthesized using coordination bonds for the first time. Two categories of carboxyl‐modified polyphosphazene have been synthesized, and 16 cross‐linked polymers have been fabricated by tuning the concentration of different metal ions, which also allows modifying the properties of the elastomer by adjusting the interactions. This design enables the polymer network to form a hierarchical and dynamic structure without introducing complex ligands. The polyphosphazene networks can be toughened and enhanced by the dynamic coordination structure. Due to the distinct design, the synthesized elastomers show unprecedented properties in halogen‐free polyphosphazenes, including high tensile stress (1.82 MPa), high malleability (≈1100%), shape memory, self‐healing, and thermal processing capacity.
The Synthesis of Covalent Triazine‐Based Frameworks via Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Cyanuric Chloride with Thienyl and Carbazolyl Derivatives for Fluorescence Sensing to Picric Acid, Iodine and Capturing Iodine
Authors: Geng Tong‐Mou , Fang Xue‐Chun , Wang Feng‐Qiang , Zhu Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA multifunctional thiophene‐based covalent triazine framework (TTPATTh) with triphenylamine as core is synthesized by Friedel–Crafts reaction of cyanuric chloride with thienyl derivative for the first time. The yield of TTPATTh (99.59%) is far higher than that of the carbazole‐based CTF (TTPATCz, 47.03%). TTPATTh and TTPATCz possess high BET surface areas with 1235 and 2501 m2 g–1 as well as high pore volumes with 1.60 and 2.23 cm3 g–1, respectively. TTPATTh and TTPATCz have high thermal stability with high thermal decomposition temperatures of 514 and 598 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. With the introduction of triazine rings, the fluorescence sensing sensitivities of TTPATTh and TTPATCz to picric acid and iodine are improved significantly. Especially for TTPATTh, the Ksv values reach 5.95 × 105 and 1.61 × 104 L mol–1, and LODs reach 1.02 × 10–12 and 1.86 × 10–12 mol L–1. To the best of the knowledge, this is the most sensitive value among thiophene‐based porous organic polymers to PA and I2. Furthermore, TTPATTh and TTPATCz can also adsorb iodine in vapor phase, cyclohexane solution and aqueous solution, and release iodine by heating or in ethanol solution. The efficiency of controlling the release of iodine is higher than that in ethanol.
Impact of Anonymity on Consumers' Online Reviews
Authors: Deng Lingfei , Sun Wenjun , Xu DaPeng , Ye Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtant literature has studied the relationship between identity disclosure and online consumer reviews, yet no research has investigated the effects of the introduction of an “anonymous review” option on consumers' online reviews. With a unique restaurant review data set from a most popular online review platform in China, we exploit a natural experiment setup in which the platform launched a new function of “anonymous review” that allows reviewers' choosing not to disclose their own information while posting reviews. We ground in the theories of deindividuation and social presence, and the notion of negativity bias to investigate the effects of anonymity on consumers' online review provision in terms of their rating behavior and emotional expressions in review texts. The results show that the anonymity function implementation induces a decrease in overall ratings and a decrease (increase) in positive (negative) emotions on average. Furthermore, using the reviews after the policy change, we find that, compared to non‐anonymous reviews, anonymous ones are usually with lower ratings and more (less) negative (positive) emotions, which can further induce subsequent reviewers' negative reviews. Our findings underscore the doubled‐sides of an “anonymous review” function the public policy makers, platform and restaurant managers need to balance in practice.
Co‐brand partnerships making space for the next black girl: Backlash in social justice branding
Authors: Smith Debra C. , James Channelle D. , Griffiths Merlyn A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractViral influence of consumer reviews can change the strategic intent of co‐branding relationships between minority entrepreneurial startups and established corporations. When social justice positioning is involved, the intent is often to support minority businesses. We acknowledge this strategy as social justice branding. However, such alliances can trigger vitriolic responses. This backlash is an expression of free speech, and social media provides an obscure facilitative environment. The challenges of social justice branding are complex. We examine consumer online reviews of The Honey Pot and Target Corporation partnership, to understand the implications of social justice branding in practice. Using Leximancer analysis, we find that social justice branding elicits multiple emotions that empower action. Some consumers accepted the collaboration while others resisted. Analyzing the basis of the resistance revealed some consumers expressed racist and shameful behaviors displaying disagreement. Backlash reflected willful ignorance releasing pent up prejudices and disseminating viral‐like negative information as weapons of retaliation against brands and marginalized communities. We contribute a conceptual model integrating theoretical frames of social justice, social marketing, brand activism and free speech elucidating the impact of consumer response to social justice branding. The findings and model add a lens to further explore race in the marketplace.
Intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA injections in patients on antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Mensah Elsie E. , Toia Bogdan , Nguyen Linh , Hamid Rizwan , Pakzad Mahreen , Ockrim Jeremy L. , Walker Roger , Greenwell Tamsin J. , Nitkunan Tharani , Sharma Davendra , Seth Jai H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine the bleeding risk in patients taking anticoagulants (AC) and antiplatelets (AP) before onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT‐A) injections and improve peri‐operative decision making and counseling.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients having intravesical BoNT‐A in three teaching hospitals from January 2016 to July 2018. Demographic data, indication for intravesical BoNT‐A injection, and side‐effects of significant bleeding requiring intervention were recorded.ResultsFive hundred and thirty‐two patients had intravesical BoNT‐A injections during this time. Sixty‐three patients of mean age 69 years (range 19–89) had a total of 114 separate rounds of BoNT‐A injections whilst on treatment dose AC/AP therapy. Of the 63, there were 33 males, with 46 having idiopatic detrusor overactivity and 17 with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Each patient had between 1 and 7 repeat injections during the studied period. AC/AP use across the 114 episodes included; aspirin 44, clopidogrel 37, warfarin 19, and NOAC (novel/non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulant) 14. Patients on warfarin who had point of care testing all had international normalized ratio less than 3. BoNT‐A dose varied from 100U to 300U—modal dosage was 200U.1/114(0.88%) injection episodes resulted in postinjection hematuria requiring overnight admission. This resolved spontaneously, with an overnight catheter. This patient was on rivaroxaban and had 300U of BoNT‐A injected through 20 sites, on a background of previous prostate radiotherapy and self‐catheterization.ConclusionsContinuation of AP/AC therapy during intravesical BoNT‐A injection treatment appears to be safe—with a 0.88% rate of spontaneously resolving hematuria.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Acyclic Orthogonally Functionalized Compounds Bearing a Quaternary Stereocenter Using Chiral Ammonium Salt Catalysis
Authors: Röser Katharina , Berger Bettina , Widhalm Michael , Waser Mario 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe herein report an asymmetric protocol to access a series of orthogonally functionalized acyclic chiral target molecules containing a quaternary stereogenic center by carrying out the enantioselective α‐alkylation of novel orthogonally functionalized dioxolane‐containing cyanoacetates under chiral ammonium salt catalysis. By using just 1 mol % of Maruoka's spirocyclic ammonium salt catalysts enantioselectivities up to e.r.=97.5 : 2.5 could be achieved and further functional group manipulations of the products were carried out as well.
Association between low fetal fraction in cell‐free DNA testing and adverse pregnancy outcome: A systematic review
Authors: Scheffer Peter G. , Wirjosoekarto Soetinah A. M. , Becking Ellis C. , Weiss Marjan M. , Bax Caroline J. , Oepkes Dick , Sistermans Erik A. , Henneman Lidewij , Bekker Mireille N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveLow fetal fraction (LFF) in prenatal cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) testing is an important cause of test failure and no‐call results. LFF might reflect early abnormal placentation and therefore be associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Here, we review the available literature on the relationship between LFF in cfDNA testing and adverse pregnancy outcome.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE up to November 1, 2020.ResultsFive studies met the criteria for inclusion; all were retrospective observational cohort studies. The cohort sizes ranged from 370 to 6375 pregnancies, with all tests performed in the first trimester or early second trimester. A 4% cutoff for LFF was used in two studies, two studies used the 5th and 25th percentiles, respectively, and one study used a variety of cutoff values for LFF. LFF in prenatal cfDNA testing was observed to be associated with hypertensive disease of pregnancy, small for gestational age neonates, and preterm birth. Conflicting results were found regarding the association between LFF and gestational diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsLFF in cfDNA testing is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome,specifically pregnancy‐related hypertensive disorders, preterm birth, and impaired fetal growth related to placental dysfunction. Since the available evidence is limited, a large prospective cohort study on the relationship between fetal fraction and pregnancy outcomes is needed.