bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What factors are associated with pre-pregnancy nutritional status? Baseline analysis of the KITE cohort: a prospective study in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Misgina Kebede Haile , Boezen H Marike , van der Beek Eline M , Mulugeta Afework , Groen Henk 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess a broad range of factors associated with pre-pregnancy nutritional status, a key step towards improving maternal and child health outcomes, in Ethiopia.DesignA baseline data analysis of a population-based prospective study.SettingKilite-Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, eastern zone of Tigray regional state, northern Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe used weight measurements of all 17 500 women of reproductive age living in the surveillance site between August 2017 and October 2017 as a baseline. Subsequently, 991 women who became pregnant were included consecutively at an average of 14.8 weeks (SD: 1.9 weeks) of gestation between February 2018 and September 2018. Eligible women were married, aged 18 years or older, with a pre-pregnancy weight measurement performed, and a gestational age ≤20 weeks at inclusion.Outcome measuresThe outcome measure was pre-pregnancy nutritional status assessed by body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Undernutrition was defined as BMI of <18.5 kg/m2 and/or MUAC of <21.0 cm. BMI was calculated using weight measured before pregnancy, and MUAC was measured at inclusion. Linear and spline regressions were used to identify factors associated with pre-pregnancy nutritional status as a continuous and Poisson regression with pre-pregnancy undernutrition as a dichotomous variable.ResultsThe mean pre-pregnancy BMI and MUAC were 19.7 kg/m2 (SD: 2.0 kg/m2) and 22.6 cm (SD: 1.9 cm), respectively. Overall, the prevalence of pre-pregnancy undernutrition was 36.2% based on BMI and/or MUAC. Lower age, not being from a model household, lower values of women empowerment score, food insecurity, lower dietary diversity, regular fasting and low agrobiodiversity showed significant associations with lower BMI and/or MUAC.ConclusionThe prevalence of pre-pregnancy undernutrition in our study population was very high. The pre-pregnancy nutritional status could be improved by advancing community awareness on dietary practice and gender equality, empowering females, raising agricultural productivity and strengthening health extension. Such changes require the coordinated efforts of concerned governmental bodies and religious leaders in the Ethiopian setting.
Awareness regarding the adverse effect of tobacco among adults in India: findings from secondary data analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey
Authors: Kankaria Ankita , Sahoo Soumya Swaroop , Verma Madhur 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo quantify the extent of awareness regarding the harmful effects of tobacco among the users (both smoked and smokeless) and non-users in India, and explore the determinants of comprehensive knowledge among the participants of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), India.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsThe nationally representative GATS I (2009–2010) included 69 296 participants using a multistage sampling method, while GATS II (2015–2016) interviewed 74 037 respondents aged >15 years using a similar sampling method from all the states and union territories in India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresComprehensive score were derived from nine items that explored awareness regarding the adverse effects of tobacco use among both users and non-users of tobacco in GATS II. Secondary outcome included predictors of awareness regarding adverse effects of tobacco and changes in the awareness compared with the previous round of the survey.ResultsAbout 60.2%, 57.5% and 66.5% of the smokers, smokeless tobacco (SLT) users and non-users were aware of the adverse effects of tobacco, respectively. The awareness depicted significant age, gender, marital status, education status, urban–rural, wealth and regional disparities (p<0.05). Intention to quit tobacco use also varied significantly with awareness. Among smokers, awareness was high in those residing in eastern India and the poorest participants. Among SLT users, awareness was more among male participants, those who were poorest and lived in western India. Among non-users, awareness was more among middle-aged, more educated, rich participants of west India. Compared with GATS I, an increase in awareness was observed in GATS II across gender, age groups, residential areas and geographical regions in India.ConclusionsComprehensive awareness of tobacco’s harmful effects is far from desirable among Indian users. We recommend further customised health promotion campaigns to counter the regional disparities, adopt a gender-neutral approach and target adolescents.
Effects of sport-related repetitive subconcussive head impacts on biofluid markers: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lember Liivia-Mari , Ntikas Michail , Mondello Stefania , Wilson Lindsay , Hunter Angus , Di Virgilio Thomas , Santoro Emanuela , Ietswaart Magdalena 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionSport-related repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHIs) are increasingly thought to be associated with adverse long-term outcomes. However, owing to potentially subtle effects, accurate assessment of harm to the brain as a consequence of RSHI is a major challenge and an unmet need. Several studies suggest that biofluid markers can be valuable objective tools to aid the diagnosis and injury characterisation and help in medical decision-making. Still, by and large, the results have been limited, heterogeneous and inconsistent. The main aims of this scoping review are therefore (1) to systematically examine the extent, nature and quality of available evidence from studies investigating effects of RSHI on fluid biomarkers and (2) to formulate guidelines and identify gaps with the aim to inform future clinical studies and the development of research priorities.Methods and analysesWe will use a comprehensive search strategy to retrieve all available and relevant articles in the literature. The following electronic databases will be systematically searched: MEDLINE (EBSCO host; from 1809 to 2020); Scopus (from 1788 to 2020); SPORTDiscus (from 1892 to 2020); CINAHL Complete (from 1937 to 2020); PsycINFO (from 1887 to 2020); Cochrane Library (to 2020); OpenGrey (to 2020); ClinicalTrials.gov (to 2020) and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (to 2020). We will consider primarily biomedical studies evaluating the biofluid markers following RSHI. Two independent reviewers will screen articles for inclusion using predefined eligibility criteria and extract data of retained articles. Disagreements will be resolved through consensus or arbitrated by a third reviewer if necessary. Data will be reported qualitatively given the heterogeneity of the included studies. In synthesising the evidence, we will structure results by markers, sample types, outcomes, sport and timepoints.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. We will submit results for peer-review publication, and present at relevant conferences.
EUROlinkCAT protocol for a European population-based data linkage study investigating the survival, morbidity and education of children with congenital anomalies
Authors: Morris Joan K , Garne Ester , Loane Maria , Barisic Ingeborg , Densem James , Latos-Bieleńska Anna , Neville Amanda , Pierini Anna , Rankin Judith , Rissmann Anke , de Walle Hermien , Tan Joachim , Given Joanne Emma , Claridge Hugh 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionCongenital anomalies (CAs) are a major cause of infant mortality, childhood morbidity and long-term disability. Over 130 000 children born in Europe every year will have a CA. This paper describes the EUROlinkCAT study, which is investigating the health and educational outcomes of children with CAs for the first 10 years of their lives.Methods and analysisEUROCAT is a European network of population-based registries for the epidemiological surveillance of CAs. EUROlinkCAT is using the EUROCAT infrastructure to support 22 EUROCAT registries in 14 countries to link their data on births with CAs to mortality, hospital discharge, prescription and educational databases. Once linked, each registry transforms their case data into a common data model (CDM) format and they are then supplied with common STATA syntax scripts to analyse their data. The resulting aggregate tables and analysis results are submitted to a central results repository (CRR) and meta-analyses are performed to summarise the results across all registries. The CRR currently contains data on 155 594 children with a CA followed up to age 10 from a population of 6 million births from 1995 to 2014.EthicsThe CA registries have the required ethics permissions for routine surveillance and transmission of anonymised data to the EUROCAT central database. Each registry is responsible for applying for and obtaining additional ethics and other permissions required for their participation in EUROlinkCAT.DisseminationThe CDM and associated documentation, including linkage and standardisation procedures, will be available post-EUROlinkCAT thus facilitating future local, national and European-level analyses to improve healthcare. Recommendations to improve the accuracy of routinely collected data will be made.Findings will provide evidence to inform parents, health professionals, public health authorities and national treatment guidelines to optimise diagnosis, prevention and treatment for these children with a view to reducing health inequalities in Europe.
Association of low birth weight with cardiometabolic diseases in Swedish twins: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Li Xuerui , Yang Rongrong , Yang Wenzhe , Xu Hui , Song Ruixue , Qi Xiuying , Xu Weili 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo examine the association between low birth weight (LBW) and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs, including heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus) in adulthood, and to explore whether genetic, early-life environmental and healthy lifestyle factors play a role in this association.DesignA population-based twin study.SettingTwins from the Swedish Twin Registry who were born in 1958 or earlier participated in the Screening Across the Lifespan Twin (SALT) study for a full-scale screening during 1998–2002 and were followed up until 2014.Participants19 779 twin individuals in Sweden with birthweight data available (mean age: 55.45 years).Primary and secondary outcome measuresCMDs were assessed based on self-reported medical records, medication use and records from the National Patient Registry. A lifestyle index encompassing smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise levels and Body Mass Index was derived from the SALT survey and categorised as unfavourable, intermediate or favourable. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equation (GEE) models and conditional logistic regression models.ResultsOf all participants, 3998 (20.2%) had LBW and 5335 (27.0%) had incident CMDs (mean age at onset: 63.64±13.26 years). In GEE models, the OR of any CMD was 1.39 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.52) for LBW. In conditional logistic regression models, the LBW–CMD association became non-significant (OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.56). The difference in ORs from the two models was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the joint effect analysis, the multiadjusted OR of CMDs was 3.47 (95% CI 2.72 to 4.43) for participants with LBW plus an unfavourable lifestyle and 1.25 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.62) for those with LBW plus a favourable lifestyle.ConclusionLBW is associated with an increased risk of adult CMDs, and genetic and early-life environmental factors may account for this association. However, a favourable lifestyle profile may modify this risk.
Progression from external pilot to definitive randomised controlled trial: a methodological review of progression criteria reporting
Authors: Mellor Katie , Eddy Saskia , Peckham Nicholas , Bond Christine M , Campbell Michael J , Lancaster Gillian A , Thabane Lehana , Eldridge Sandra M , Dutton Susan J , Hopewell Sally 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesPrespecified progression criteria can inform the decision to progress from an external randomised pilot trial to a definitive randomised controlled trial. We assessed the characteristics of progression criteria reported in external randomised pilot trial protocols and results publications, including whether progression criteria were specified a priori and mentioned in prepublication peer reviewer reports.Study designMethodological review.MethodsWe searched four journals through PubMed: British Medical Journal Open, Pilot and Feasibility Studies, Trials and Public Library of Science One. Eligible publications reported external randomised pilot trial protocols or results, were published between January 2018 and December 2019 and reported progression criteria. We double data extracted 25% of the included publications. Here we report the progression criteria characteristics.ResultsWe included 160 publications (123 protocols and 37 completed trials). Recruitment and retention were the most frequent indicators contributing to progression criteria. Progression criteria were mostly reported as distinct thresholds (eg, achieving a specific target; 133/160, 83%). Less than a third of the planned and completed pilot trials that included qualitative research reported how these findings would contribute towards progression criteria (34/108, 31%). The publications seldom stated who established the progression criteria (12/160, 7.5%) or provided rationale or justification for progression criteria (44/160, 28%). Most completed pilot trials reported the intention to proceed to a definitive trial (30/37, 81%), but less than half strictly met all of their progression criteria (17/37, 46%). Prepublication peer reviewer reports were available for 153/160 publications (96%). Peer reviewer reports for 86/153 (56%) publications mentioned progression criteria, with peer reviewers of 35 publications commenting that progression criteria appeared not to be specified.ConclusionsMany external randomised pilot trial publications did not adequately report or propose prespecified progression criteria to inform whether to proceed to a future definitive randomised controlled trial.
What are the measures taken to prevent COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers? A retrospective study in a cluster of primary care clinics in Singapore
Authors: Moey Peter Kirm Seng , Ang Andrew Teck Wee , Ee Adrian Guan Liang , Ng David Chee Chin , Ng Mark Chung Wai , Teo Stephanie Swee Hong , Tay Ee Guan , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine factors contributing to the low COVID-19 infectivity rate among healthcare workers in SingHealth Polyclinics (SHP), Singapore, from February to July 2020.DesignRetrospective description, analysis and discussion of the factors and their contribution.SettingSingle-institution study.MethodsWe describe and discuss the healthcare policies, infrastructure, people and processes contributing to the low COVID-19 infectivity rate in SHP.There were 1212 full-time and 198 contract staff. Of these, 171 SHP employees also supported the work in dormitories, isolation and community care facilities. During the review period, healthcare workers (HCWs) in SHP managed about 867 076 patient attendances, including 63 503 for upper respiratory tract infections, across its cluster of eight polyclinics. 29 642 swabs for COVID-19 were performed in SHP, with 126 positive results. 395 swabs were carried out in the dormitories and 59 were positive. Despite the high exposure, only two SHP staff were infected with COVID-19. Both have recovered well.ResultsProvision of adequate personal protection equipment, zonal segregation of high-risk patients, reduction in physical patient visits, effective staff communication, implementation of self-declared temperature monitoring and the maintenance of sustainable workload and work hours of HCWs contributed to the mitigation of COVID-19 infection risk among our staff.ConclusionsUntil the widespread uptake of safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19, these measures are important in protecting HCWs. They are also important when managing future pandemics of similar nature to COVID-19.
Reinstating a national simulation programme in anaesthesiology during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Campbell Sinead , Corbett Sarah , Burlacu Crina L 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWith the introduction of strict public health measures due to the coronavirus pandemic, we have had to change how we deliver simulation training. In order to reinstate the College of Anaesthesiologists Simulation Training (CAST) programme safely, we have had to make significant logistical changes. We discuss the process of reopening a national simulation anaesthesiology programme during a pandemic.MethodsWe approached how to reinstate the programme with three distinct but intertwined projects, as in the following: (1) a survey of effects of the pandemic on training opportunities for anaesthesiology trainees, (2) proposals for methods of reinstating simulation were developed under the headings avoidance, compromise, accommodation and collaboration. A small online video-assisted simulation pilot was carried out to test the compromise method, (3) having opted for combined accommodation (onsite with smaller participant numbers and safety measures) and collaboration (with other regional centres), a postreinstatement evaluation during a 4-month period was carried out.Results(1) Eighty-five per cent of 64 trainees surveyed felt that they had missed out not only just on simulation-based education (43%) but also on other training opportunities, (2) when five trainees were asked to state on a 1 to 5 Likert scale (strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree and strongly agree) whether online video-assisted simulation was similar to face-to-face simulation in four categories (realism, immersion, sense of crisis and stress), only 9 (45%) of the 20 answers agreed they were similar, (3) When onsite simulation was reinstated, the majority of trainees felt that training was similar to prepandemic and were happy to continue with this format.ConclusionIn order to reinstate simulation, we have identified that accommodation and collaboration best suited the CAST while compromise failed to rank high among trainees’ preferences. Onsite courses will continue to be delivered safely while meeting the high standards our trainees have come to expect.
Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the willingness of older adults to participate in physiology research: views from past and potential volunteers
Authors: Deane Colleen S. , Gates Amanda , Traviss-Turner Gemma D. , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Smith Kenneth , Atherton Philip J. , Phillips Bethan E. 
Published: June 2021

We explored the views of older (≥65 years) past and potential volunteers in regard to participating in physiology research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online questionnaire and focus groups, we found that past volunteers (n = 55) were more likely to take part in both acute (p < 0.05) and chronic (p < 0.05) physiology studies, compared with potential future volunteers (n = 57). Both cohorts demonstrated a positive attitude towards volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic, although concern was evident. Novelty: Volunteers demonstrated a positive attitude and also concern towards participating in physiology research during COVID-19.
Probing the $$H^\pm W^{\mp } Z$$ interaction at the high energy upgrade of the LHC
Authors: Adhikary Amit , Chakrabarty Nabarun , Chakraborty Indrani , Lahiri Jayita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn $$H^\pm W^{\mp } Z$$

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±

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∓

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interaction at the tree level is a common feature of new physics models that feature scalar triplets. In this study, we aim to probe the strength of the aforementioned interaction in a model-agnostic fashion at the futuristic 27 TeV proton-proton collider. We assume that the $$H^\pm $$

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couples dominantly to ($$W^\pm ,Z$$

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±

,
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) and (t, b) and specifically study the processes that involve the $$H^\pm W^{\mp } Z$$

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∓

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vertex at the production level, that is, $$p p \rightarrow H^\pm j j$$

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→

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j
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and $$p p \rightarrow Z H^\pm $$

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→
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±

. Moreover, we look into both $$H^\pm \rightarrow W^\pm Z,~t b$$

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→

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,

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decays for either production process. Our investigations reveal that the $$H^\pm j j$$

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production process has a greater reach compared to $$Z H^\pm $$

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±

. Moreover, the discovery potential of a charged Higgs improves markedly with respect to the earlier studies corresponding to lower centre-of-mass energies. Finally, we recast our results in the context of the popular Georgi–Machacek model.
Multilayer networks for text analysis with multiple data types
Authors: Hyland Charles C. , Tao Yuanming , Azizi Lamiae , Gerlach Martin , Peixoto Tiago P. , Altmann Eduardo G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe are interested in the widespread problem of clustering documents and finding topics in large collections of written documents in the presence of metadata and hyperlinks. To tackle the challenge of accounting for these different types of datasets, we propose a novel framework based on Multilayer Networks and Stochastic Block Models. The main innovation of our approach over other techniques is that it applies the same non-parametric probabilistic framework to the different sources of datasets simultaneously. The key difference to other multilayer complex networks is the strong unbalance between the layers, with the average degree of different node types scaling differently with system size. We show that the latter observation is due to generic properties of text, such as Heaps’ law, and strongly affects the inference of communities. We present and discuss the performance of our method in different datasets (hundreds of Wikipedia documents, thousands of scientific papers, and thousands of E-mails) showing that taking into account multiple types of information provides a more nuanced view on topic- and document-clusters and increases the ability to predict missing links.