bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous up- and down-frequency mixing based on a cascaded SOA-MZIs link
Authors: Termos Hassan , Mansour Ali , Nasser Abbass 
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a simultaneous frequency up- and down-conversion is performed using a cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier Mach–Zehnder interferometers (SOA-MZIs) link for radio-over-fiber (RoF) applications. The intermediate frequency (IF) signal carrying quadratic phase shift keying (QPSK) data at a frequency

f
1

is up-converted at the SOA-MZI1 output at

n

f
s

±

f
1

, where

n

is the harmonic rank of the first sampling signal. In addition, this up-converted signal is concurrently up- and down-converted at the SOA-MZI2 output at

m

f
s

+
n

f
s

±

f
1

and

|

n

f
s

±

f
1

−
m

f
s

|

, respectively, where

m

is the harmonic rank of the second sampling signal. Using the virtual photonics integrated (VPI) simulator, it has been shown that the optical transmission system based on a cascaded SOA-MZIs link has a better efficiency and more endurable quality of the frequency mixing of QPSK signals and the higher frequency range for up- and down-conversions. Positive conversion gains are obtained at the highest mixing frequency of 101.9 and 86.3 GHz for up- and down-conversions, respectively. The best error vector magnitude provided using a cascaded SOA-MZIs link is 15.5% at the mixing frequency of 101.9 GHz for up-conversion and 18% at 86.3 GHz for down-conversion at the bit rate of 40,500 Mbit/s. The maximum bit rates of 40.5, 81, and 121.5 Gbit/s for QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM modulations, respectively, that meet the forward error correction limit is fulfilled by using a cascaded SOA-MZIs link. Another advantage of using the cascaded SOA-MZIs link is the up- and down-conversion simultaneously achieved at the second stage.
Chirped pulse amplification of an ultrahigh-repetition-rate Ti:sapphire frequency comb using a tapered semiconductor amplifier
Authors: Sakamoto Takashi , Yoshioka Kosuke 
Published: August 2021

Chirped pulse amplification of a 1.6 GHz Ti:sapphire femtosecond
frequency comb was achieved using a GaAs-based tapered semiconductor
amplifier. The spectral component of 855–865 nm was coherently
amplified up to 379 mW at 2.5 A, corresponding to a peak power of
1.48 kW and an average power of 150 µW per mode. A chirped Bragg
grating was used for pulse stretching and compression, resulting in a

150

m
m

×

200

m
m

compact amplification system.
Competition between the amplified spontaneous emission and the
coherent signal was observed at high driving currents. A numerical
analysis was presented to account for the observed gain suppression.
This amplification method is useful for the realization of high
repetition rate frequency combs with a wider spectral range, including
the UV and mid-infrared regions.
Coagulation abnormalities in Dengue fever infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adane Tiruneh , Getawa Solomon 
Published: August 2021

Background
Coagulation mechanisms are reported to be affected in dengue illness and evidenced by prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT). The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the magnitude of coagulation abnormalities among patients with dengue fever infection.

Method
This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The Joana Brigg’s Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist was used for quality appraisal. STATA version 11 software was used for meta-analysis. The magnitude of coagulation abnormalities among dengue fever patients was determined by using a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed to investigate the possible source of heterogeneity. Egger weighted regression tests were used to check the presence of publication bias among the included articles.

Result
Forty-two studies with a total of 12,221 dengue fever patients were eligible for meta-analysis in this study. Of which 22, 15, and 26 studies were used to determine the magnitude of prolonged APTT, PT, and thrombocytopenia, respectively. The magnitude of prolonged APTT and PT among patients with dengue fever infection were 42.91% (95% CI: 30.95, 54.87) I2 = 99.1% and 16.48% (95% CI: 10.95, 22.01) I2 = 97.0%, respectively. Besides, the magnitude of thrombocytopenia among dengue fever patients was 70.29% (95% CI: 62.69, 77.89) I2 = 99.3%. The magnitude of prolonged APTT in children and adults was 51.21% (95% CI: 24.54, 77.89) and 44.89% (95% CI: 28.32, 61.45), respectively. Similarly, the overall magnitude of prolonged PT in children and adults were 13.40% (95% CI: 6.09, 20.71) and 18.73% (95% CI: 7.49, 29.96), respectively.

Conclusion
The result of this study showed that there is a high magnitude of prolonged APTT and PT in dengue fever patients. Therefore, screening and early correction of coagulation abnormalities may be helpful to reduce further complications in those patients.
Infection with Blastocystis spp. and its association with enteric infections and environmental enteric dysfunction among slum-dwelling malnourished adults in Bangladesh
Authors: Fahim Shah Mohammad , Gazi Md. Amran , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Alam Md. Ashraful , Das Subhasish , Mahfuz Mustafa , Rahman M. Masudur , Haque Rashidul , Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: August 2021

Background
Blastocystis spp. (Blastocystis) is a widely distributed gastrointestinal protist frequently reported in countries with tropical and sub-tropical climate. We sought to determine the factors associated with Blastocystis infection and investigate its role on biomarkers of intestinal health among slum-dwelling malnourished adults in Bangladesh.

Methodology
Total 524 malnourished adults with a body mass index ≤18.5 kg/m2 were included in this analysis. Presence of Blastocystis in feces was evaluated by TaqMan Array Card assays.

Principal findings
Blastocystis was tested positive in 78.6% of the participants. Prevalence of infection with atypical strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) (56% vs. 38%, p<0.001), and Trichuris trichiura (28% vs. 15%, p-value = 0.02) was significantly greater in adults with Blastocystis, while Giardia intestinalis was significantly lower (8% vs. 14%, p-value = 0.04) in Blastocystis positive adults. Malnourished adults who were living in households with high crowding index (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.11, 4.65; p-value = 0.03), and infected with aEPEC (aOR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.35, 3.44; p-value = 0.001) and Trichuris trichiura (aOR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.08, 3.77; p = 0.03) were more likely to be infected with Blastocystis. A significant negative relationship was observed between Blastocystis and fecal concentrations of alpha-1 antitrypsin (β = -0.1; 95% CI = -1.7, -0.1; p-value<0.001) and Reg1B (β = -3.6; 95% CI = -6.9, -3.0; p-value = 0.03).

Conclusions
The study findings suggest that the presence of Blastocystis in human intestine influences gut health and may have potential pathogenic role in presence of other pathogens.
Efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles via ginger rhizome extract against Leishmania major in vitro
Authors: Mohammadi Mohsen , Zaki Leila , KarimiPourSaryazdi Amir , Tavakoli Pooya , Tavajjohi Atiyeh , Poursalehi Reza , Delavari Hamid , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem that causes by parasite of the genus Leishmania. The pentavalent antimonial compounds that used for treatment are not safe or effective enough. The aim of the present study was preparation and evaluation of the efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against Leishmania major (L. major) in vitro.

Methods
To synthesis silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs), ginger extract was added to the 0.2mM AgNO3 aqueous solution (1:20). Effects of different concentrations of Ag-NPs on the number of L. major promastigotes were investigated using counting assay. The MTT test was applied to determine the toxicity of Ag-NPs on promastigotes of L. major, as well as, macrophage cells. Then, to evaluate the anti-amastigotes effects of Ag-NPs, parasites within the macrophages were counted by light microscope. Furthermore, to determine the induced apoptosis and necrotic effects of Ag-NPs on promastigotes, flow cytometry method was employed using annexin staining.

Results
The effect of Ag-NPs on promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major was effective and has a reverse relationship with its concentration. According to the results of anti-amastigote assay, the IC50 value of this nanoparticle was estimated 2.35 ppm after 72h. Also, Ag-NPs caused Programmed Cell Death (PCD) in promastigotes of L. major and showed 60.18% of apoptosis.

Discussion
Based on the mentioned results, it can be concluded that Ag NPs has a beneficial effect on promastigote and amastigote forms of L. major in vitro. Hence, these nanoparticles could be applied as promising antileishmanial agents for treatment of Leishmania infections.
Association of leptin G2548A and leptin receptor Q223R polymorphisms and their serum levels with infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kargasheh Fatemeh Bagheri , Ansaripour Soheila , Borumandnia Nasrin , Moradi Nariman , Zandieh Zahra , Maleki Monireh , Mokhtar Sara , Karimi Atousa , Fatemi Farnaz , Kheirollahi Asma , Vatannejad Akram 
Published: August 2021

Background
Adipokine leptin plays a crucial role in metabolic and reproductive functions. Leptin receptor has a soluble form that binds to leptin, thus modulating its level in the circulation. It has been indicated that the levels of leptin and leptin receptor and also LEP rs7799039 and LEPR rs1137101 polymorphisms are associated with metabolic disorders. In the present study, we assessed the levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), and also the frequency of rs7799039 and rs1137101 polymorphisms in healthy fertile women and patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), inclusive of PCOS-infertile and PCOS-recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) subjects.

Methods
A total of 324 PCOS patients- including 199 infertile cases and 125 patients with a history of RPL- and 144 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Biochemical parameters and plasma leptin and sOB-R levels were measured by ELISA and the genotypes of rs7799039 and rs1137101 polymorphisms were determined using PCR- RFLP.

Results
Plasma leptin and sOB-R levels were significantly higher and lower in PCOS, PCOS-infertile and PCOS RPL groups, respectively. The GG genotype frequencies of rs7799039 and rs1137101 polymorphisms were significantly different between PCOS-infertile women and non-PCOS subjects (P = 0.043, OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.22–0.97, and P = 0.01, OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.12–0.75, respectively). Increased LEP levels were associated with the risk of PCOS and RPL in women with PCOS (P = 0.039, OR = 1.203, 95%CI = [1.009–1.435] and P = 0.012, OR = 1.267, 95% CI = [1.054–1.522], respectively).

Conclusion
Polymorphisms rs7799039 and rs1137101 and circulating leptin and sOB-R levels were associated with infertility in Iranian women with PCOS. Further studies are needed to reveal the role of leptin in PCOS pathogenesis.
Exploring the acute affective responses to resistance training: A comparison of the predetermined and the estimated repetitions to failure approaches
Authors: Schwartz Hadar , Emanuel Aviv , Rozen Samukas Isaac Isur , Halperin Israel 
Published: August 2021

Background
In resistance-training (RT), the number of repetitions is traditionally prescribed using a predetermined approach (e.g., three sets of 10 repetitions). An emerging alternative is the estimated repetitions to failure (ERF) approach (e.g., terminating sets two repetitions from failure). Despite the importance of affective responses experienced during RT, a comparison between the two approaches on such outcomes is lacking.

Methods
Twenty women (age range: 23–45 years) without RT experience completed estimated one repetition maximum (RM) tests in four exercises. In the next two counterbalanced sessions, participants performed the exercises using 70%1RM. Participants completed ten repetitions in all three sets (predetermined condition) or terminated the sets when perceived to be two repetitions away from task-failure (ERF condition). Primary outcomes were affective-valence, enjoyment, and approach-preference and secondary outcomes were repetition-numbers completed in each exercise.

Results
We observed trivial differences in the subjective measures and an approximately even approach-preference split. Under the ERF condition, we observed greater variability in repetition-numbers between participants and across exercises. Specifically, the mean number of repetitions was slightly lower in the chest-press, knee-extension, and lat-pulldown (~1 repetition) but considerably higher in the leg-press (17 vs. 10, p<0.01).

Conclusions
Both approaches led to comparable affective responses and to an approximately even approach preference. Hence, prior to prescribing either approach, coaches should consider trainee’s preferences. Moreover, under the ERF condition participants completed a dissimilar number of repetitions across exercises while presumably reaching a similar proximity to task-failure. This finding suggests that ERF allows for better effort regulation between exercises.
CONCEPÇÕES INFANTIS SOBRE A PALAVRA DURANTE O PROCESSO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO
Authors: Ferreira Carmen Regina Gonçalves 
Published: August 2021

No presente artigo, dados de segmentação vocabular, produzidos durante a alfabetização, foram descritos e analisados com vistas à discussão concernente a aspectos relevantes para a constituição da noção de palavra durante o período inicial de desenvolvimento da escrita. Objetiva-se verificar quais são as hipóteses de escrita infantil no que diz respeito aos limites gráficos entre as palavras para analisar como a criança em fase de alfabetização evolui até chegar à demarcação de fronteiras vocabulares conforme a norma, bem como ao entendimento do que constitui uma palavra. Os dados apresentados são referentes a duas crianças pertencentes ao 3º ano de alfabetização de uma escola pública, coletados por meio de entrevistas que visaram indagar sobre o que a criança entendia ser uma palavra (CARRAHER, 1989). A interpretação das respostas teve o suporte da teoria dos constituintes prosódicos (NESPOR; VOGEL, 1986). Os resultados da análise mostraram que, de modo geral, a criança pode oscilar ou manter as concepções iniciais sobre o que seja uma palavra como o entendimento que cada sílaba constitui uma palavra. No entanto, para a inteligibilidade do que está escrito, a segmentação vocabular parece assumir importância para a leitura segundo as explicações infantis. Evidenciando, assim, o quanto a trajetória da criança em direção à palavra escrita não é linear e apresenta multiplicidade de acepções.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil in Wistar Rats Infected with Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Widianingrum Desy Cahya , Salasia Siti Isrina Oktavia 
Published: August 2021

<p class="abstrak1">Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contains bioactive that induce immunity against infectious diseases. This study aim to determine the immunomodulatory effects of VCO based on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lymphocyte proliferation, and histopathological examination in liver and kidney of rats infected with <em>Staphylococcus</em> <em>aureus</em>. The VCO was given intragastrically to rats with a dose of 250 µL for one week. The rats were infected with <em>S. aureus</em> at 5x10<sup>2</sup> bacterial cells intraperitoneally. Twenty (20) female <em>Wistar</em> rats of one month old were divided into four groups. The negative control group (C-): without treatment, AV group: infected with <em>S. aureus</em> followed by VCO treatment; VA group: pretreated with VCO followed by <em>S. aureus </em>infection, and positive control group (C+): were infected with <em>S. aureus</em> without VCO. All rats were euthanized and necropsied based on the animal ethic standard. Plasma samples were taken to evaluate SOD activity, and lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen to determine their proliferative ability. Livers and kidneys were collected for a histopathology examination. Results showed that the VA group had the highest SOD activity on the 4<sup>th</sup> week (41.50 ± 3.56 %) and lymphocyte proliferation (0.3018) compared to all treatments, indicating immunomodulatory effects of VCO. Liver of treatments group showed leucocytes infiltration, no hemorrhages (VA); the hepatocytes with normal cells (VA). Kidney of treatments group showed leucocytes infiltration (AV); normal epithelial glomerulus and tubulus cells, still found hemorrhage (VA). These studies indicated that VCO has a potential role as an immunomodulator, hepatoprotectant, and nephroprotectant.</p>
Metabolism Energy and Performance of Several Local Cattle Breeds Fed Rice Straw and Concentrate
Authors: Utami Efrilia Tri Wahyu , Bata Muhamad , Rahayu Sri 
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to examine the effect of different local cattle breeds on energy metabolism and performance fed on rice straw basal diet. Fourty local male cattle (2.5 years; initial BW 300.30±0.68) of Madura cattle (M), Sumba Ongole cattle (SO), Bali cattle (B), and Bali Timor cattle (BT) were used in this study, where types of local breed were used as treatments (10 animals/treatment). The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with cattle's initial body weight as a group. The cattle were fed on rice straw ad libitum and concentrate 2.5% BW (DM 86.53%). The variables measured were energy intake (EI), digestible energy intake (DEI), metaboloizable energy intake (MEI), energy retention (RE), RE to EI ratio, RE to DEI ratio, C2/C3 ratio, the efficiency of hexose conversion to VFA (ECH) and the average daily body weight gain (ADG). The results showed that the different breeds of local cattle had a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on EI, DEI, MEI, RE, RE to EI ratio, RE to DEI ratio, C2/C3 ratio, and ECH, but had no significant effect on ADG (P&gt;0.05). M has the highest EI, DEI, MEI, and RE 139.52 MJ/day, 99.69 MJ/day, 65.84 MJ/day, and 98.45 MJ/day, respectively, but the highest RE to EI ratio at B, while for the best RE to DE ratio, C2/C3 ratio, ECH, and ADG, at SO were 99.24%, 28.85, 74.97%, and 1.24 kg, respectively. It can be concluded that the best local cattle in terms of performance and feed energy efficiency are Sumba Ongole cattle.
Besov-type spaces for the κ-Hankel wavelet transform on the real line
Authors: Pathak Ashish , Pandey Shrish 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we shall introduce functions spaces as subspaces of Lp

κ (ℝ) that we call Besov-κ-Hankel spaces and extend the concept of κ-Hankel wavelet transform in Lp

κ(ℝ) space. Subsequently we will characterize the Besov-κ-Hankel space by using κ-Hankel wavelet coefficients.
Der webbasierte Bundestagswahlkampf 2021
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jasmin , Jöst Paula 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Parteien begegnen dem digitalen Wahlkampf unterschiedlich: so gut wie alle setzen innerparteiliche demokratische Verfahren webbasiert um. Die Bereitstellung von Materialen für Unterstützer*innen reicht von Logos und Vorlagen zum Download für alle oder nur für Parteimitglieder bis hin zu Offlineformaten. Manche Parteien unterhalten eigene Kampagnenseiten, andere bauen die etablierten Parteiseiten aus. Die Einbindung von Bürger*innen in den Programmentstehungsprozess reicht von digitalisierten Beteiligungsformaten bis zur bloßen Präsentation des Programms. Mit Blick auf den verbleibenden Wahlkampf sollte das Augenmerk auf die digitale Einbindung von Unterstützer*innen gerichtet werden, aber auch die Personalisierung der Wahlkämpfe der Parteien ist interessant: Gelingt es die Spitzen- bzw. Kanzlerkandidat*innen auch im digitalisierten Distanzwahlkampf als eigene Marke zu etablieren?
Multiple functions of the inclusive: examining synchronic variation in light of diachronic shift in South-Central Trans-Himalayan
Authors: Ozerov Pavel , Konnerth Linda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA few languages of the South-Central branch of Trans-Himalayan (Tibeto-Burman/Sino-Tibetan) display diachronic shifts of the inclusive to become innovative markers of 1sgor 2sg. Such shifts are rarely reported in the cross-linguistic literature. In conjunction with phylogenetic-comparative evidence on cases of actual diachronic shift, we offer a synchronic usage-based analysis of the inclusive in one particular language, Anal Naga. In this language, usage frequencies suggest that a shift of the inclusive is underway: apart from the frequent generic usage, the inclusive now commonly has a humbling, empathy-seeking first person (1sg/excl) reference. In contrast, forms that combine inclusive and plural marking pattern more like a prototypical inclusive, i.e., with regular reference to the local speech act participants of speaker and addressee(s). The optional plural marking is the most important factor to determine the reference pattern of the inclusive. Other factors (irrealis setting; lexeme semantics) only play a marginal role; person form (bound indexes or free pronouns) and syntactic role are not indicative.
Bat species of a karstic region in the Brazilian savanna and extension of the Hsunycteris thomasi (Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllinae) distribution
Authors: Da Silva Liriann Chrisley N. , Vieira Thiago Bernardi , Oliveira Andressa S. Q. A. , Mendes Poliana , Peixoto Franciele P. , Oprea Monik , Aguiar Ludmilla Moura de Souza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We do not have a complete knowledge of the bat species presence in West Central Brazil domain and still do not understand how bats respond to the ecosystems rapid vanishing. We quantified bat diversity in the Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca (PETER), a Cerrado protected area. Additionally, we report an extension of the Hsunycteris thomasi distribution known only in the Amazon and the western portion of Brazil. Over 1.440 m2 h of mist netting and five nights of automatic recording, we recorded five families and 38 species, while the Jackknife first-order estimator predicted the occurrence of 25 species. Besides the register of species for the area, the novelty is the increase in the potential distribution area of H. thomasi in Norwest’s and north of the Midwest of Brazil. We also report the presence of at least one Lonchophylla dekeyseri population, an endemic to Cerrado. The lack of bat captures within the cotton plantation suggests the impoverishment of the bat assemblages due to the extensive loss of native habitats.
Relative use of xeric boreal habitats by shrews (Sorexspp.)
Authors: Jung Thomas S. , Slough Brian G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFew studies have explicitly examined habitat use by shrews (Sorexspp.) in the boreal forest of western North America. We conducted pitfall trapping in six common xeric habitat types in Yukon, Canada, to determine their relative use by shrews. The overall capture rate was 0.47 shrews per 100 trap nights (TN), with a total sampling effort of 3652 TN. Cinereus shrews (Sorex cinereus; 0.25 per 100 TN) were the most common species, followed by dusky shrews (Sorex monticolus; 0.14 per 100 TN) and American pygmy shrews (Sorex hoyi; 0.08 per 100 TN). Shrew capture rates and species richness was low in all habitat types sampled. Cinereus shrews were captured in similar numbers in boreal mixedwood forest and alpine shrub habitats, and rarely in other lowland forest habitat types. Dusky shrews were captured largely in alpine shrub habitats, while pygmy shrews were captured only in lowland forest habitat types. The relative use of alpine shrub habitat by cinereus shrews and dusky shrews was not expected. Our data was limited by low captures; however, we provide a first approximation of the relative use of common forest types and subalpine shrub habitat in the boreal forest of northwestern Canada.