bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laccase immobilization via cross-linked aggregate preparation: Characterization, thermodynamic/kinetic properties and application in removal of bisphenol A from solutions
Authors: Ademakinwa Adedeji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fungal laccase from Aureobasidium pullulans was immobilized via cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) preparation under statistically optimized conditions. The stability of the CLEA to heat inactivation was studied via investigation of its thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. The immobilized enzyme was then deployed in the biodegradation of a bisphenol-A (BPA). The optimum conditions for CLEA preparation resulting in the highest immobilization yield were ammonium sulphate (60% v/v), glutaraldehyde (30 mM), pH (4.5), time (6 h) and temperature (55ºC). The CLEA retained about 51% of its activity after eight catalytic cycles. The optimum pH and temperature of the laccase CLEA were 5.5 and 60ºC respectively. The SEM indicated that the laccase CLEA was type II (unstructured). The data obtained from the heat inactivation kinetics and thermodynamic characterization indicated that the CLEA was stable to heat denaturation than the free enzyme. The kinetic parameters obtained for the CLEA with ABTS as substrate were 101.3 µM, 2.94 µmols-1mg-1 and 0.03 dm3s-1mg-1 for the Km, Kcat and Kcat/Km respectively. The optimum conditions for BPA biodegradation using the CLEA were temperature (55ºC), time (2 h), CLEA (1.0 mg) and BPA concentration (40 mg/L). After the 7th cycle, laccase CLEA retained about 63 ± 2.3% biodegradation efficiency. A heat-resistant laccase CLEA was able to remove BPA from solutions under statistically optimized conditions. The laccase CLEA has properties for other futuristic applications.
Associations of hysteroscopic features of chronic endometritis with pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Chang-hong , Hao Cui-fang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The impact of the hysteroscopic features of chronic endometritis (CE) on pregnancy outcomes is unclear. This study explored whether the morphological features of CE on hysteroscopy were associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy outcomes. This retrospective study was conducted at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from 01/2017 to 09/2018. Infertile women who underwent hysteroscopy before IVF were grouped according to CE. To decrease confounding, a group of standardized patients was selected from the women enrolled in this study to compare pregnancy outcomes between the CE and non-CE groups. The outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR), miscarriage rate, and premature birth rate. In this study, 3280 women underwent IVF, and 3179 of these patients underwent hysteroscopy. In standardized patients, significant differences were found between the CE and non-CE groups in CPR (54.3% vs. 65.6%, P=0.02) and LBR (45.7% vs. 58.3%, P=0.012). In patients who underwent fresh embryo transfer, CPR differed among groups (P=0.002) and was highest in the hemorrhagic spots group (61.7%). In patients who underwent frozen embryo transfer (FET), CPR was higher in the CE group than in the non-CE group (54.7% vs. 43.0%, P<0.001), highest in the hemorrhagic spots group (70.6%, P=0.002) and lowest in the hyperemia combined with micropolyps group (39.4%, P=0.022). The only factor independently associated with CPR was hysteroscopic features of CE (odds ratio: 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.21–1.80, P<0.001). Hysteroscopic features of CE are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes after IVF.
A Nanoparticle-Mist Deposition Method: Fabrication of High-Performance ITO Flexible Thin Films under Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Suzuki Ryoko , Nishi Yasutaka , Matsubara Masaki , Muramatsu Atsushi , Kanie Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films with low resistivity and high transparency in the visible light region have been prepared on flexible plastic films by a deposition method using water mist containing ITO nanoparticles (NPs) under atmospheric conditions. The ITO NP-mist was generated by ultrasonic irradiation of a water dispersion. Our developed protrusion-rich ITO NPs were applied as the ITO NPs. The ITO NPs show high dispersion stability in water without the use of any dispersant. Comparison investigations revealed that utilization of the ITO NPs played a critical role in fabricating high-performance ITO thin films on flexible films, and the resistivity reached 9.0 x 10− 3 Ω·cm. The system could be expected to provide promising advances in the development of a mild and sustainable fabrication procedure for ITO thin films under mild atmospheric conditions without the use of expensive vacuum production systems or harmful and environmentally undesirable chemicals.
Comparison between planar and single-photon emission computed tomography images for radiation intensity quantification in iodine-131 scintigraphy
Authors: Iizuka Yusuke , Katagiri Tomohiro , Inoue Minoru , Nakamura Kiyonao , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of quantifying iodine-131 (131I) accumulation in scintigraphy images and compare planar and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images to estimate 131I radioactivity in patients receiving radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer. We evaluated 72 sets of planar and SPECT images acquired between February 2017 and December 2018. Simultaneously, we placed a reference 131I capsule next to the patient during image acquisition. We evaluated the correlation between the intensity of the capsule in the images and the capsule dose and estimated the radiation dose at the thyroid bed. The mean capsule dose was 2.14 MBq (range, 0.63–4.31 MBq). The correlation coefficients (p-value) between capsule dose and maximum and mean intensities in both planar and SPECT images were 0.93 (p < 0.01), 0.96 (p < 0.01), 0.60 (p < 0.01), and 0.47 (p < 0.01), respectively. The mean intensities of planar images show the highest correlation coefficients. Based on a regression equation, the average radiation dose in the thyroid bed was 5.9 MBq. In conclusion, planar images reflected the radiation dose more accurately than SPECT images. The regression equation allows to determine the dose in other regions, such as the thyroid bed or sites of distant metastasis.
Leveraging Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality to Combat Chronic Pain in Youth: Position Paper From the Interdisciplinary Network on Virtual and Augmented Technologies for Pain Management
Authors: Logan Deirdre E , Simons Laura E , Caruso Thomas J , Gold Jeffrey I , Greenleaf Walter , Griffin Anya , King Christopher D , Menendez Maria , Olbrecht Vanessa A , Rodriguez Samuel , Silvia Megan , Stinson Jennifer N , Wang Ellen , Williams Sara E , Wilson Luke 
Published: March 2021

Background
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) interventions are emerging as promising tools in the treatment of pediatric chronic pain conditions. However, in this young field, there is little consensus to guide the process of engaging in the development and evaluation of targeted VR-based interventions.

Objective
The INOVATE-Pain (Interdisciplinary Network on Virtual and Augmented Technologies for Pain management) consortium aims to advance the field of VR for pediatric chronic pain rehabilitation by providing guidance for best practices in the design, evaluation, and dissemination of VR-based interventions targeting this population.

Methods
An interdisciplinary meeting of 16 academics, clinicians, industry partners, and philanthropy partners was held in January 2020.

Results
Reviewing the state of the field, the consortium identified important directions for research-driven innovation in VR and AR clinical care, highlighted key opportunities and challenges facing the field, and established a consensus on best methodological practices to adopt in future efforts to advance the research and practice of VR and AR in pediatric pain. The consortium also identified important next steps to undertake to continue to advance the work in this promising new area of digital health pain interventions.

Conclusions
To realize the promise of this realm of innovation, key ingredients for success include productive partnerships among industry, academic, and clinical stakeholders; a uniform set of outcome domains and measures for standardized evaluation; and widespread access to the latest opportunities, tools, and resources. The INOVATE-Pain collaborative hopes to promote the creation, rigorous yet efficient evaluation, and dissemination of innovative VR-based interventions to reduce pain and improve quality of life for children.
“...About the Beginning of the Slavic-Russian People”: the Views of the Russian Thinkers of the 16-17 Centuries on the Origin of Russian Civilization
Authors: Strakhov Alexander B. 
Published: March 2021

The special role of Russia in the world history and its civilizational status is recognized by all representatives of the civilizational approach. However, this understanding did not arise from nowhere, but relied on the basis of the already prepared deep and complex intellectual work of Russian scribes. The question of Russia’s role and place in the world historical process as a separate civilization was studied by Russian authors since the earliest times. At the national level, that issue was actualized in the 16-17 centuries. On the basis on the analysis of the texts of the 16-17 centuries. the author of the article examines in detail what approaches to the understanding of their place in the world’s Christian history were developed by the scribes who were involved in the formation of the historical policy of the Russian state. The author suggests to distinguish two such approaches – the dynastic and the national ones.
Physical Characteristics of Malaysian Netball Players in Relation to Playing Skill
Authors: SOH Kim Geok , HUSAIN Ruby , SOH Kim Lam 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
This study sought to document the physical characteristics of top Malaysian netball players by their playing skill. The variables measured were age, height, body mass, body fat and somototype. Thirty-two national players (mean age 18.19 ± 3.86 years) were assessed, divided into three groups by their playing skill (senior/elite, junior and reserve). The body fat content was determined by the skinfold method and their somatotype using the Heath Carter Somatotyping method. There were no significant differences in the physical characteristics between the players by playing skill. The players were predominantly ecto-endomorphic with a mean somatotype of 6.12±1.42 - 2.38±1.05 - 2.71±1.38. Their height and body mass were 170.80±4.61 cm and 64.44±7.46 kg, respectively. Female national Australian and English netball players had a body fat of 28.90±3.50% (Wither & Roberts, 1981) and 24.50±3.90% (Bale & Hunt, 1986) respectively, while the Malaysian players in this study 24.50 ± 5.13%.
本文旨在探討馬來西亞女子投球選手的身體特徵與技術，並與同類研究進行比較及分析。
Effects of Antrodia Camphorata Supplementation on Anti-fatigue Effects in Rats
Authors: LIU Chieh Chung , LIN Chun Hong , HSIEH City C. , WEN Wu Che , KUO Mao Tien , TSAI Pu Hsi 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
This study investigated the effects of antrodia camphorata (AC) supplementation on anti-fatigue effects after a single bout of exhaustive exercise in rats. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (C, n=8); C with antrodia camphorata supplementation (A, n=8); exhaustive exercise (E, n=8); exhaustive exercise with AC supplementation (AE, n=8). Rats in groups A and AE received a 0.2 c.c. (kg/wt/day) AC supplementation for two weeks. Rats in groups E and AE performed an exhaustive running test on a treadmill at a final speed of 30m/min, 10% grade, at approximately 70-­75% VO2max. Blood samples of each rat were collected. The concentrations of glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uric acid, creatinine, and creatine kinase (CK) in blood were examined. The results showed a significant increase in exhaustive exercise time of AE group (78.79±9.09 min) compared with E group (67.77±9.22 min). The activities of CK, LDH, and blood creatinine concentration significantly increased in exercised rats (1227.40±553.24 U/I, 2108.32±513.99 U/I, 0.76±0.19 mg/ dl) compared with control group rats (358.98±125.53 U/I, 956.89±597.13 U/I, 0.5±0.15 mg/dl) and AE group rats (774.13±203.38 U/I, 1300.93±513.99 U/I, 0.5±0.05 mg/dl). The glucose in the plasma significantly decreased in E group rats (133.88±61.84 mg/dl) compared with C group rats (209.63±69.13 mg/dl) and AE group rats(188.88±60.32 mg/dl). The results indicate that AC supplementation could decrease CK, LDH activities. It may help for anti-fatigue effects.
本研究的目的在探討，樟芝補充劑對老鼠經單次衰竭運動後對抗疲勞作用的影響，三十二隻老鼠隨機分配為以下四組：控制組(C, n=8) 、樟芝組(A, n=8，補充樟芝，沒有運動)、運動組(E, n=8)、樟芝運動組(AE, n=8，補充樟芝，有運動)，補充樟芝組(A & AE)的老鼠，每天補充每公斤體重0.2毫升的樟芝補充劑，持續兩週，衰竭運動組(E & AE)的老鼠需在鼠用跑步機上進行衰竭運動，運動強度約70~75%最大攝氧量，最終跑步機速度為30公尺/分鐘，坡度為10%。收集老鼠血液樣本，測量血糖、乳酸去氫酶、尿酸、肌酸酐、肌酸激酶。研究結果顯示AE組運動衰竭時間(78.79±9.09 min)顯著比E組(67.77±9.22 min)長。運動組(E)的肌酸激酶活性、乳酸去氫酶活性、肌酸酐(1227.40±553.24 U/I, 2108.32±513.99 U/I, 0.76±0.19 mg/dl)顯著比控制組(C)(358.98± 125.53 U/I, 956.89±597.13 U/I, 0.5±0.15 mg/dl)及樟芝運動組(AE)高(774.13±203.38 U/I, 1300.93±513.99 U/ I, 0.5±0.05 mg/dl)。運動組(E)血糖濃度(133.88±61.84 mg/dl)顯著比控制組(209.63±69.13 mg/dl)及樟芝運動組(188.88±60.32 mg/dl)低。研究結果表示樟芝補充能夠降低肌酸激酶活性及乳酸去氫酶活性，有助於抗疲勞的效用。
Perceptions of the Student Teaching Triad: An Inquiry into Relationships and Supervision
Authors: MURPHY Kelle L. 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The study was designed to examine the perceptions of relationships formed among members of the student teaching triad and to examine the perceptions of supervision of student teachers given by cooperating teachers and college supervisors. Participants (N = 24) included eight student teaching triads. The study was conducted over a 14-week student teaching experience. In-depth interviews and daily journals were employed as methods of data collection. It was found that training was not received by cooperating teachers and college supervisors and was based on experience. The coalition was formed between the student teacher and cooperating teacher. Expectations of cooperating teachers were higher and based on a pragmatic view whereas expectations of college supervisors were based on theory.
本文旨在探討實習教學與視學的關係，邀請得24位實習生進行14周的實習教學，初步結果顯示本科教師與大學講師對實習生存有不同的見解。
Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Nutritional Habits, and Perceived Body Image Among Pacific Islanders in the Federated States of Micronesia
Authors: MURPHY Kelle L. 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The purpose of the study was to examine the physical activity levels, nutrition, and body image of participants from Yap Proper and the outer islands. A mixed methods design was utilized. Participants included 29 adults enrolled in an undergraduate Education degree program from two separate summer school classes: 19 adults from an Introductory Health and Wellness class and 12 adults from a PE Methods: Elementary class for classroom teachers. Three higher-order themes resulted from the analysis: Cultural Values, Body Image, and Westernization. Results from the nutrition logs indicated that participants preferred local grown foods and also consumed western imported foods available on the island. Daily step counts of participants ranged from a low of 190 steps on day one to a high of 12, 375 on day 28. By day 28, participants were walking between 3-6 miles per day. Additional exercise outside of walking was not performed by participants. The mean of Pre-BMI data were 31.91 and the mean for Post-BMI data were 31.97. Participants stated that they felt that their bodies were fat and that they were satisfied with that image. Participants also indicated that a higher importance in their culture was placed on obesity and that an obese body was associated with beauty and prosperity. Findings suggest that cultural beliefs contribute to obesity rates by affecting the type of physical activity that is performed due to gender-specific roles. Lack of access to a variety of nutritious foods also affects nutrition habits.
本文旨在探討太平洋島居民的體質指數、身體活動、營養攝取及身體形象。結果顯示文化因素是影響身體肥胖的原因。
Understanding Sport Participation Motivation and Barriers in Adolescent 11-17: An Introduction of Rowing Acitivity in Schools
Authors: NG Robert Siu Kuen 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The purpose of this study is to identify the drivers and barriers perceived by the adolescents for their desire to participate in rowing activity. 1,333 secondary school students, including 762 boys, 565 girls, and 6 students whose gender are not specified, aged from 11 to 17 participated in the survey after taking a rowing promotion programme and an 1-min maximal rowing ergometer test. The findings highlight that the male adolescents have stronger desire in taking rowing activity, besides, the desire seems to decline with the age in both gender groups. The female adolescents emphasize the enjoyment they gained in rowing activity, while the male adolescents concern final achievements more. Lack of interest is the most stated reason for their no intention to start rowing activity. Recommendations are suggested to meet the different motivational demands by adjusting the contents of the promotion programme or providing various programmes.
本研究探討青少年在學校推廣賽艇活動之後，影響他們參與賽艇活動的意向及考慮因素。共1,333名中學生(762男，565女，6 位沒有填上性別)完成校內賽艇推廣活動之後進行問卷調查。研究發現: 1)男女生參與的意向隨著年紀增長而下降，男生參加賽艇活動的意向比女生大。2)男女生參與的原因分別是著重參與所得到的樂趣和運動成績。而他們提出不想參加賽艇活動的原因是不感興趣。提議: 在賽艇推廣活動中可調節內容和提供多元化的活動，從而迎合他們的不同需要。
School Physical Education and Physical Fitness: A Study of Secondary School Students in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: MOSIDI Olefile , OWOLABI Emmanuel O. 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Physical Education (PE) was introduced into Botswana junior secondary schools as a curriculum subject eight years ago. Although it has the status of an optional subject, it appears to enjoy wide acceptability in many schools. One would normally expect the effects of participation in classroom physical education on students to depend on the PE curriculum’s physical activity contents and how these activity contents are implemented. The study was aimed assessing the role of school PE programme in Botswana secondary schools in promoting the physical fitness levels of students. It involved 300 male Junior secondary school students in Botswana. Twenty students each were selected from 15 schools. The 20 from each school comprised 10 second and third year students offering PE as a subject and another 10 from the same years not offering PE (Non-PE). The students from each school were randomly selected from among the regular recreation participants in each school. The details and demands of the study and tests were carefully explained to the students and their PE teachers after which the school’s PE teacher signed the informed consent form on behalf of the students. Data were collected on health Fitness components of body weight, BMI, Hand grip strength, flexibility, abdominal muscle endurance and cardio-respiratory endurance using established and acknowledged tests, instruments and protocols. Null hypothesis was set for each of the measured variables with the alpha level set at p<0.05. Data were analysed for means, standard deviations and the difference between groups’ means using the independent groups t test. The results showed that the PE group was significantly superior to the Non-PE group in grip strength, abdominal muscle endurance and cardio-respiratory endurance. The two groups were not significantly different in age, body weight, BMI and flexibility. It was concluded that participation in school PE among urban male junior secondary school students in Botswana enhanced selected physical fitness components. This enhancement could be specifically attributed to the regular participation in the physical activities inherent in the PE subject and/or the PE students’ increased and motivated participation in the schools’ recreational and sporting activities.
本文旨在探討非洲博茨瓦納學校體育和體適能，結果顯示學校體育有助提升學童的體適能，以及參與康體活動的動機。
Parents’ and Pupils’ Perceptions towards the Implementation of Physical Education Homework in a Hong Kong Primary School
Authors: NG Siu Kuen Robert , SUM Kim Wai Raymond , NG Ching Kong , HO Shui Cheung , LAM Wai , TANG Wai Man 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The implementation of Physical Education homework (PEHW) is new in Hong Kong. We examined the perception differences between a) parents and students; b) boys and girls towards PEHW in a primary school. Ninety students and 56 parents responded to a questionnaire after the completion of 1-week structured or unstructured compulsory PEHW daily which included aerobic, muscular and flexibility workout. T-test results showed that the students stated significantly lower levels of agreement than their parents regarding enjoyment of doing PEHW and the further organization of different PEHWs in school. No significant perception differences were reported between boys and girls towards the PEHW (p>0.05). Lack of time is the most frequently reason reported by the students and their parents as their intrapersonal barrier to participate in PEHW. Some incentives were suggested to promote the participation of PEHW. The present study suggests implementing PEHW with a reward scheme in Hong Kong.
小學四至六年級的學生完成一週強制性體育家課後，九十名學生和五十六名家長交回問卷回收率分別達94.2%和51.9%。T形檢驗結果顯示家長較學生贊成學校繼續組織及推行不同類型的體育家課。男女學童對體育家課的接受程度和各方面的反應是無明顯分別的。在開放式問題中，時間不足是最對學生參與體育家課的最大個人障礙。最後有多於三分之一的學生完成了餘下三週非強制性的體育家課。提議體育家課與獎勵計劃一起推行。
COLOR IN PAINTING (IN PERSPECTIVE FROM PREHISTORIC TIMES TO PRESENT TIMES)
Authors: Mahobe Yatindra 
Published: March 2021

Only by the pronunciation of the word 'Rang' do we find that the environment around us has become colorful. If color is not included in life, then human life would be far from euphoria, desire, taste and beauty, and the fear of such a lifeless life begins to arise.'Color' is an important contribution to painting, in the absence of color, painting cannot be complete. It has an amazing beauty and charm, which automatically draws the viewer and the artist to himself. "Our emotions are directly related to the effect of colors. Color creates mobility in life. The life of the artist is with colors, so it is necessary that he is fully familiar with colors. From time immemorial, color is the element in this art world that is used as a cover in artwork. In the absence of color, the artwork remains incomplete. Colors have their own special place in the history of art. Colors give life to artistry. "1
‘रंग’ शब्द के उच्चारण मात्र से ही हम पाते हैं कि हमारे आस-पास का वातावरण रंगीन हो गया है। यदि जीवन में रंग का समावेश नहीं होता तो मनुष्य जीवन उल्लास, अभिलाषा, रस एवं सौंदर्य से कोसों दूर होता और ऐसे प्राणहीन जीवन की कल्पनामात्र से भय उत्पन्न होने लगता है।चित्रकला में ‘रंग’ का महत्वपूर्ण योगदान है, रंग के अभाव में चित्रकला संपूर्ण नहीं हो सकती। उसमें एक अद्भूत सौंदर्य और आकर्षण होता है, जो दर्शक एवं कलाकार को अपनी ओर स्वतः खींचता है। ‘‘रंगों के प्रभाव से हमारी भावनाओं का सीधा संबंध है। रंग से जीवन में गतिशीलता उत्पन्न हाती है। कलाकार का जीवन रंगों के ही साथ है, इसलिए यह आवश्यक है कि वह रंगों से पूर्णतः परिचित हो। आदिकाल से लेकर आज तक इस कला जगत में रंग वह तत्व है जिसे कलाकृति में आवरण के रूप में प्रयोग किया जाता है। रंग के अभाव में कलाकृति अधूरी रह जाती है। कला के इतिहास में रंगों का अपना विशिष्ट स्थान है रंग कलाकृति को जीवन प्रदान करते हैं।’’1