bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhalation Administration of Agarwood Incense Rescues Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice
Authors: Han Muxuan , Zhang Hao , Hu Minghui , Sun Wei , Li Zifa , Cao Guimao , Geng Xiwen , Wei Sheng 
Published: December 2021

Background: Agarwood, a type of herbal medicine widely used in Asian countries, is noted in traditional medicine for its intelligence-enhancing effects. Agarwood incense is traditionally administered by oral and nasal inhalation. To verify whether agarwood incense can exert its intelligence-enhancing effects in this way to rescue learning and memory impairment, typical clinical manifestations of dementia, we conducted a set of behavioral tests related to learning and memory.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups. In addition to the control and model groups, we added a donepezil treatment group to evaluate the effect of three different agarwood administration doses. After a week of administration, scopolamine was injected 30 min before each behavioral test to create a learning and memory impairment model. A series of behavioral tests [the Morris water maze test (MWM), the novel object recognition test (NOR), and the step-down test (SDT)] were used to assess their learning ability, as well as their spatial and recognition memory.Results: After scopolamine injection, the model group showed significant learning and memory impairment (i.e., longer latencies, lower crossing times, and lesser distance travelled in the target quadrant in MWM; a lower recognition index in NOR; and longer latencies and higher error times in SDT). The other four treatment groups all showed improvements in these indicators, and the overall therapeutic effect of agarwood was superior.Conclusion: The inhalation administration of agarwood can significantly improve the learning and memory impairment caused by scopolamine in mice, and the therapeutic effect varied between doses.
Resistance and Endurance Exercise Training Induce Differential Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition in Murine Models
Authors: Fernández Javier , Fernández-Sanjurjo Manuel , Iglesias-Gutiérrez Eduardo , Martínez-Camblor Pablo , Villar Claudio J. , Tomás-Zapico Cristina , Fernández-García Benjamin , Lombó Felipe 
Published: December 2021

Background: The effect of resistance training on gut microbiota composition has not been explored, despite the evidence about endurance exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of resistance and endurance training on gut microbiota composition in mice.Methods: Cecal samples were collected from 26 C57BL/6N mice, divided into three groups: sedentary (CTL), endurance training on a treadmill (END), and resistance training on a vertical ladder (RES). After 2 weeks of adaption, mice were trained for 4 weeks, 5 days/week. Maximal endurance and resistance capacity test were performed before and after training. Genomic DNA was extracted and 16S Ribosomal RNA sequenced for metagenomics analysis. The percentages for each phylum, class, order, family, or genus/species were obtained using an open-source bioinformatics pipeline.Results: END showed higher diversity and evenness. Significant differences among groups in microbiota composition were only observed at genera and species level. END showed a significantly higher relative abundance of Desulfovibrio and Desulfovibrio sp., while Clostridium and C. cocleatum where higher for RES. Trained mice showed significantly lower relative abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus and higher of the genus Parabacteroides compared to CTL. We explored the relationship between relative taxa abundance and maximal endurance and resistance capacities after the training period. Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae families were negatively associated with endurance performance, while several taxa, including Prevotellaceae family, Prevotella genus, and Akkermansia muciniphila, were positively correlated. About resistance performance, Desulfovibrio sp. was negatively correlated, while Alistipes showed a positive correlation.Conclusion: Resistance and endurance training differentially modify gut microbiota composition in mice, under a high-controlled environment. Interestingly, taxa associated with anti- and proinflammatory responses presented the same pattern after both models of exercise. Furthermore, the abundance of several taxa was differently related to maximal endurance or resistance performance, most of them did not respond to training.
Vascular Function in Patients After Myocardial Infarction: The Importance of Physical Activity
Authors: Tršan Jure , Košuta Daniel , Rajkovič﻿﻿﻿ Uroš , Fras Zlatko , Jug Borut , Novaković﻿﻿﻿ Marko 
Published: December 2021

Background: Patients after myocardial infarction have impaired vascular function. However, effects of lifestyle, e.g., physical activity level, on endothelial function and arterial stiffness remain scarce. The aim of our study was to investigate effects of physical activity level and risk factors on endothelial function and arterial stiffness.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we ultrasonographically assessed parameters of vascular function, namely flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and carotid artery stiffness in patients after myocardial infarction referred to the cardiac rehabilitation. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was obtained from all participants. Based on the IPAQ, patients were classified into three groups: vigorous, moderate, and low physical activity engagement. ANOVA was used for comparison among three groups using Bonferroni correction to determine differences between two sub-groups.Results: One hundred and eight patients after myocardial infarction (mean age 53 ± 10 years) were included. There were significant differences in terms of FMD (8.2 vs. 4.2 vs. 1.9%, p &lt; 0.001) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness (6.1 vs. 6.4 vs. 6.9 m/s, p = 0.004) among groups of vigorous, moderate, and low physical activity engagement, respectively. However, in younger patients only FMD remained associated with physical activity level, while arterial stiffness was not. Low physical activity engagement was a significant predictor of both FMD and PWV in univariate and multivariate models, adjusted for age, sex, and other risk factors.Conclusion: Low physical activity level is associated with impaired endothelial function and increased arterial stiffness in patients after myocardial infarction. Future studies are warranted to address this issue in a context of cardiac rehabilitation protocols optimization in order to improve vascular function in these patients.
Expert Arguments for Trends of Psychiatric Bed Numbers: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Data
Authors: Mundt Adrian P. , Delhey Langerfeldt Sabine , Rozas Serri Enzo , Siebenförcher Mathias , Priebe Stefan 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Mental health policies have encouraged removals of psychiatric beds in many countries. It is under debate whether to continue those trends. We conducted a systematic review of expert arguments for trends of psychiatric bed numbers.Methods: We searched seven electronic databases and screened 15,479 papers to identify expert opinions, arguments and recommendations for trends of psychiatric bed numbers, published until December 2020. Data were synthesized using thematic analysis and classified into arguments to maintain or increase numbers and to reduce numbers.Results: One hundred six publications from 25 countries were included. The most common themes arguing for reductions of psychiatric bed numbers were inadequate use of inpatient care, better integration of care and better use of community care. Arguments to maintain or increase bed numbers included high demand of psychiatric beds, high occupancy rates, increasing admission rates, criminalization of mentally ill, lack of community care and inadequately short length of stay. Cost effectiveness and quality of care were used as arguments for increase or decrease.Conclusions: The expert arguments presented here may guide and focus future debate on the required psychiatric bed numbers. The recommendations may help policymakers to define targets for psychiatric bed numbers. Arguments need careful local evaluation, especially when supporting opposite directions of trends in different contexts.
Mapping Trends and Hotspots Regarding the Use of Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research
Authors: Wang Sheng , Xia Demeng , Zhang Zhentao , Zhang Jingli , Meng Wenhao , Zhang Yanping , Xu Shuogui 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Diagnostic tools in emergency medicine have been widely studied. As a non-invasive and quick tool, ultrasound plays a role in the field of emergency medicine. Thus, it is significant to understand the global scientific output of this topic. An analysis of publications on the use of ultrasound in emergency medicine over the past decade was performed and summarized to track the current hotspots and highlight future directions.Methods: Globally relevant publications on ultrasound in emergency medicine from 2009 to 2020 were extracted from the Web of Science collection database. VOSviewer software and CiteSpace were employed to visualize and predict the trends in the research on the topic.Results: The overall volume of global publications is on the rise; furthermore, the United States published the most publications in this field and had the most citations and H-index. University of California at San Francisco in the United States has most publications in terms of institutions. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine published the most papers related to ultrasound in emergency medicine in terms of journals. Pulmonary embolism was once the main research direction, and importantly, “point-of-care ultrasound” was determined to be a new research hotspot.Conclusion: Altogether, the number of publications on ultrasound in emergency medicine will rise in the future. In addition, the findings reported here shed new light on the major progress on ultrasound in emergency medicine, which may be mutually cooperative in various fields. Moreover, this bibliometric study provides further indications for the topic of “point-of-care ultrasound”.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Multinational Multi-Center Survey on the Medical and Dental Students' Perception
Authors: Bisdas Sotirios , Topriceanu Constantin-Cristian , Zakrzewska Zosia , Irimia Alexandra-Valentina , Shakallis Loizos , Subhash Jithu , Casapu Maria-Madalina , Leon-Rojas Jose , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Andrews Dilys Miriam , Zeicu Claudia , Bouhuwaish Ahmad Mohammad , Lestari Avinindita Nura , Abu-Ismail Lua'i , Sadiq Arsal Subbah , Khamees Almu'atasim , Mohammed Khaled M. G. , Williams Estelle , Omran Aya Ibrahim , Ismail Dima Y. Abu , Ebrahim Esraa Hasan 
Published: December 2021

Background: The emerging field of artificial intelligence (AI) will probably affect the practice for the next generation of doctors. However, the students' views on AI have not been largely investigated.Methods: An anonymous electronic survey on AI was designed for medical and dental students to explore: (1) sources of information about AI, (2) AI applications and concerns, (3) AI status as a topic in medicine, and (4) students' feelings and attitudes. The questionnaire was advertised on social media platforms in 2020. Security measures were employed to prevent fraudulent responses. Mann-Whitney U-test was employed for all comparisons. A sensitivity analysis was also performed by binarizing responses to express disagreement and agreement using the Chi-squared test.Results: Three thousand one hundred thirty-three respondents from 63 countries from all continents were included. Most respondents reported having at least a moderate understanding of the technologies underpinning AI and of their current application, with higher agreement associated with being male (p &lt; 0.0001), tech-savvy (p &lt; 0.0001), pre-clinical student (p &lt; 0.006), and from a developed country (p &lt; 0.04). Students perceive AI as a partner rather than a competitor (72.2%) with a higher agreement for medical students (p = 0.002). The belief that AI will revolutionize medicine and dentistry (83.9%) with greater agreement for students from a developed country (p = 0.0004) was noted. Most students agree that the AI developments will make medicine and dentistry more exciting (69.9%), that AI shall be part of the medical training (85.6%) and they are eager to incorporate AI in their future practice (99%).Conclusion: Currently, AI is a hot topic in medicine and dentistry. Students have a basic understanding of AI principles, a positive attitude toward AI and would like to have it incorporated into their training.
Application of Machine Learning for the Prediction of Etiological Types of Classic Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Yan Yongjie , Chen Chongyuan , Liu Yunyu , Zhang Zuyue , Xu Lin , Pu Kexue 
Published: December 2021

Background: The etiology of fever of unknown origin (FUO) is complex and remains a major challenge for clinicians. This study aims to investigate the distribution of the etiology of classic FUO and the differences in clinical indicators in patients with different etiologies of classic FUO and to establish a machine learning (ML) model based on clinical data.Methods: The clinical data and final diagnosis results of 527 patients with classic FUO admitted to 7 medical institutions in Chongqing from January 2012 to August 2021 and who met the classic FUO diagnostic criteria were collected. Three hundred seventy-three patients with final diagnosis were divided into 4 groups according to 4 different etiological types of classical FUO, and statistical analysis was carried out to screen out the indicators with statistical differences under different etiological types. On the basis of these indicators, five kinds of ML models, i.e., random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), artificial neural network (ANN), and naive Bayes (NB) models, were used to evaluate all datasets using 5-fold cross-validation, and the performance of the models were evaluated using micro-F1 scores.Results: The 373 patients were divided into the infectious disease group (n = 277), non-infectious inflammatory disease group (n = 51), neoplastic disease group (n = 31), and other diseases group (n = 14) according to 4 different etiological types. Another 154 patients were classified as undetermined group because the cause of fever was still unclear at discharge. There were significant differences in gender, age, and 18 other indicators among the four groups of patients with classic FUO with different etiological types (P &lt; 0.05). The micro-F1 score for LightGBM was 75.8%, which was higher than that for the other four ML models, and the LightGBM prediction model had the best performance.Conclusions: Infectious diseases are still the main etiological type of classic FUO. Based on 18 statistically significant clinical indicators such as gender and age, we constructed and evaluated five ML models. LightGBM model has a good effect on predicting the etiological type of classic FUO, which will play a good auxiliary decision-making function.
Patient Views Around Their Hernia Surgery: A Worldwide Online Survey Promoted Through Social Media
Authors: East Barbora , Hill Susannah , Dames Nicola , Blackwell Sue , Laidlaw Lynn , Gök Hakan , Stabilini Cesare , de Beaux Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Hernias are one of the most common surgical diagnoses, and general surgical operations are performed. The involvement of patients in the decision making can be limited. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of patients around their hernia and its management, to aid future planning of hernia services to maximise patient experience, and good outcomes for the patient.Methods: A SurveyMonkey questionnaire was developed by patient advocates with some advice from surgeons. It was promoted on Twitter and Facebook, such as all found “hernia help” groups on these platforms over a 6-week period during the summer of 2020. Demographics, the reasons for seeking a hernia repair, decision making around the choice of surgeon, hospital, mesh type, pre-habilitation, complications, and participation in a hernia registry were collected.Results: In total, 397 questionnaires were completed in the study period. The majority of cases were from English speaking countries. There was a strong request for hernia specialists to perform the surgery, to have detailed knowledge about all aspects of hernia disease and its management, such as no operation and non-mesh options. Chronic pain was the most feared complication. The desire for knowledge about the effect of the hernia and surgery on the sexual function in all age groups was a notable finding. Pre-habilitation and a hernia registry participation were well-supported.Conclusions: Hernia repair is a quality of life surgery. Whether awaiting surgery or having had surgery with a good or bad outcome, patients want information about their condition and treatment, such as the effect on aspects of life, such as sex, and they wish greater involvement in their management decisions. Patients want their surgery by surgeons who can also manage complications of such surgery or recommend further treatment. A large group of “hernia surgery injured” patients feel abandoned by their general surgeon when complications ensue.
Molecular Identification of Sarcocystis sp. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in Offspring of Tengmalm's Owls, Aegolius funereus (Aves, Strigidae)
Authors: Máca Ondřej , Kouba Marek , Korpimäki Erkki , González-Solís David 
Published: December 2021

Background: Birds act as intermediate or definitive hosts of cyst-forming coccidia parasites of the genus Sarcocystis Lankester, 1882. However, the spectrum of species of Sarcocystis in birds and the role of the latter in the transmission of coccidia are still incomplete for many avian species, including the Tengmalm's owl Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus, 1758). During the research on Tengmalm's owls in Finland, some fledglings were found dead and subsequently parasitologically examined. Therefore, this study is focused on the morphological and molecular description of a Sarcocystis species found in the intestine of the Tengmalm's owl and its possible role as a definitive host.Methods: Eleven fledgling owls in the Kauhava region of west-central Finland were found dead and subsequently were submitted for necropsy and parasitologically examined through the flotation–centrifugation coprological technique for the presence of oocysts/sporocysts of the genus Sarcocystis by light microscopy. Wet mounts were used for the examination of muscle samples (breast, legs, and heart). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested-PCR were carried out using primers for 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS1 region, and CO1 genes.Results: All 11 examined owls were parasitized by numerous sporocysts and oocysts in the intestinal mucosa scrapings (prevalence, 100%). Sporulated oocysts and sporocysts measured 16.34–16.96 × 11.47–12.09 μm and 11.85–13.52 × 7.77–9.25 μm, respectively. The skeletal and heart muscles were negative for sarcocysts. Sarcocystis sp. ex Aegolius funereus (hereafter Sarcocystis sp. Af) is closely related to Sarcocystis strixi in the barred owl (Strix varia Barton, 1799) from the USA and Sarcocystis sp. isolate 5 in the European shrew (Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758) from the Czech Republic. Phylogenetic analysis allowed determining the relationship of the herein reported Sarcocystis sp. with its congeners.Conclusions: This work provided the first and most comprehensive record on Sarcocystis from owls obtained in Finland, thus highlighting the importance of molecular data in species identification.
Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Pseudoplastic Nanomaterial Liquid Flowing over the Slender Cylinder with Variable Characteristics
Authors: Hussain Azad , Rehman Aysha , Ahmed Naqash , El-Shafay Ahmed S. , Najati Sahar A. , Almaliki Abdulrazak H. , Sherif El-Sayed M. 
Published: December 2021

The present article investigates heat transfer and pseudoplastic nanomaterial liquid flow over a vertical thin cylinder. The Buongiorno model is used for this analysis. The problem gains more significance when temperature-dependent variable viscosity is taken into account. Using suitable similarity variables, nonlinear flow equations are first converted into ordinary differential equations. The generating structure is solved by the MATLAB BVP4C algorithm. Newly developed physical parameters are focused. It is observed that the heat transfer rate and the skin friction coefficient is increased remarkably because of mixing nano-particles in the base fluid by considering γb=1, 2, 3, 4 and λ=1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3. It is found that the temperature field increases by inclining the values of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. It is also evaluated that the velocity field decreases by increasing the values of the curvature parameter, Weissenberg number and buoyancy ratio characteristics.
Enhancing or Inhibitory Effect of Fruit or Vegetable Bioactive Compound on Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae
Authors: Bulkan Gülru , Sitaresmi Sitaresmi , Yudhanti Gerarda Tania , Millati Ria , Wikandari Rachma , Taherzadeh Mohammad J. 
Published: December 2021

Fruit and vegetable processing wastes are global challenges but also suitable sources with a variety of nutrients for different fermentative products using bacteria, yeast or fungi. The interaction of microorganisms with bioactive compounds in fruit waste can have inhibitory or enhancing effect on microbial growth. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of 10 bioactive compounds, including octanol, ellagic acid, (−)-epicatechin, quercetin, betanin, ascorbic acid, limonene, hexanal, car-3-ene, and myrcene in the range of 0–240 mg/L on filamentous fungi Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger were investigated. These fungi were both found to be resistant to all compounds except octanol, which can be used as a natural antifungal agent, specifically against A. oryzae and A. niger contamination. On the contrary, polyphenols (quercetin and ellagic acid), ascorbic acid, and hexanal enhanced A. niger biomass yield 28%, 7.8%, 16%, and 6%, respectively. Furthermore, 240 mg/L car-3-ene was found to increase A. oryzae biomass yield 8%, while a 9% decrease was observed at lower concentration, 24 mg/L. Similarly, up to 17% decrease of biomass yield was observed from betanin and myrcene. The resistant nature of the fungi against FPW bioactive compounds shows the potential of these fungi for further application in waste valorization.
La alfabetización informacional: funciones en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico.
Authors: Rodríguez Mendoza Liccette 
Published: December 2021

Las competencias informacionales cada vez son más necesarias para la constitución de un conocimiento propio brindando una lectura crítica a los contenidos disponibles. En este ámbito, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el aporte de la alfabetización informacional al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes de la escuela Nueva Paquisha del cantón Rocafuerte, provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. Se realizó un estudio empírico con los niños de educación básica media a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta cuyos resultados demuestran una utilización de técnicas para búsqueda de información, empleo de la alfabetización informacional y de sus niveles de preferencia al momento de realizar la búsqueda de datos para algún asunto académico, además se infiere la existencia de habilidades informacionales para la búsqueda de información en internet, por otro lado se colige un conocimiento y valoración de la alfabetización informacional para potenciar la criticidad en la expresión de ideas por parte de los estudiantes. Se concluye que los educandos por medio de las diversas páginas de consulta pueden discernir qué tipo de fuentes ofrecen mejores contenidos y cómo emplear esos contenidos en el contexto de sus tareas escolares.