bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculating adult sex ratios from observed breeding sex ratios for wide‐ranging, intermittently breeding species
Authors: Kahn J. E. , Watterson J. C. , Hager C. H. , Mathies N. , Hartman K. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA sex ratio is one of the most basic demographic estimates produced because it is easy to collect and provides deeper insight into population dynamics for the species under consideration. For inconsistently or intermittently breeding species, the breeding sex ratio (BSR) and adult sex ratio (ASR), both reported as the proportion of males, can be quite different. The entire adult population of some wide‐ranging species may never be present and capable of being sampled in the same time and place. We explore equations to indirectly estimate ASRs and annual abundance estimates from annual surveys of BSRs. We sampled Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) from 2013 through 2019 and implanted acoustic transmitters during those sampling periods. The BSRs calculated during capture from 2015 through 2019 were 0.65, 0.75, 0.69, 0.75, and 0.64 each year. Relying on telemetry detections from the lowest potential spawning region, the expected BSRs in the same years were 0.64, 0.74, 0.67, 0.69, and 0.60, suggesting telemetry is a reliable and passive way to estimate BSR. The BSRs were used to indirectly estimate ASR to be approximately 0.51 (95% confidence limits of 0.43–0.58). Estimates of annual abundance derived through sex ratios matched previously published mark–recapture estimates of the same breeding population, but provide additional detail on abundances of each sex. For populations where BSR is more accessible, ASR and abundance estimates can be estimated with capture data and acoustic telemetry.
Anaemia and its associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Adane Tiruneh , Getawa Solomon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionAnaemia is common but often overlooked in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. There is also no official nationwide survey registry that estimated the prevalence of anaemia in DM patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to determine the countrywide pooled prevalence and associated factors of anaemia in DM patients.MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. STATA 11 software was used for all statistical analysis. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of anaemia and associated factors at a 95% confidence interval (CI) with its respective odds ratio (OR). Subgroup analysis and egger test were used to determine heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively.ResultsNine articles were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis with a total of 2889 DM patients. The pooled prevalence of anaemia among DM patients in Ethiopia was 22.11% (95% CI: 15.83–28.39)I2 = 94.8%. The prevalence of anaemia in type I and type II DM patients was (16.78% [95% CI: 11.53–22.04]) and (31.12% [95% CI; 9.66–52.58]), respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was higher among male (36.72% [95% CI: 22.58–50.87]I2 = 97.6%) than female (27.51% [95% CI: 16.12–38.90]I2 = 96.3%). Moreover, the odds of anaemia were higher among patients with age ˃ 60 (OR = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.83, 4.87), low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR = 8.59; 95% CI: 4.76, 15.57), and duration of illness ≥5 years (OR = 2.66; 95%: 1.38, 5.13).ConclusionsThe result of this review implies that anaemia is a moderate public health problem among DM patients in Ethiopia. Older age, poor glycemic control, low eGFR and longer duration of illness were found to be the contributing factors for the development of anaemia in DM patients. Therefore, by considering the negative impact of anaemia, it is important to include anaemia screening into routine assessment of DM‐related complications targeting patients with older age, poor glycemic control, low eGFR, and longer duration of illness to reduce the magnitude of the problem.
Involvement of chronic inflammation via monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in uraemic cardiomyopathy: a human biopsy study
Authors: Nakano Tomoya , Onoue Kenji , Seno Ayako , Ishihara Satomi , Nakada Yasuki , Nakagawa Hitoshi , Ueda Tomoya , Nishida Taku , Soeda Tsunenari , Watanabe Makoto , Kawakami Rika , Hatakeyama Kinta , Sakaguchi Yasuhiro , Ohbayashi Chiho , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsPatients undergoing dialysis, even those without coronary artery disease or valvular abnormalities, sometimes present with reduced heart function, which resembles dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This condition is known as uraemic cardiomyopathy (UCM). The mechanisms of UCM development are not fully understood. Previous studies demonstrated that the balance between placental growth factor (PlGF) and fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (Flt‐1) is correlated with renal function, and PlGF/Flt‐1 signalling is involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenesis of UCM and clarify the differences in the mechanisms of UCM and DCM by using human endomyocardial biopsy and blood samples.Methods and resultsThe clinical and pathological features of 30 patients on dialysis with reduced cardiac function [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤50%] (UCM group; mean age: 58.5 ± 9.4 years and LVEF: 39.1 ± 7.2%), 196 DCM patients (DCM group; mean age: 62.7 ± 14.0 years and LVEF: 33.5 ± 8.8%) as controls with reduced cardiac function (LVEF ≤ 45%), and 21 patients as controls with normal cardiac function (control group; mean age: 56.2 ± 19.3 years and LVEF: 67.5 ± 6.7%) were analysed. The percentage of the interstitial fibrosis area in the UCM group was greater than that in the DCM group (P = 0.045). In UCM patients, the percentage of the interstitial fibrosis area was positively correlated with the duration of renal replacement therapy (P < 0.001). The number of infiltrated CD68‐positive macrophages in the myocardium and expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) in cardiomyocytes were significantly greater in the UCM group than in the other groups (P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, while the serum level of soluble form of Flt‐1, an endogenous inhibitor of PlGF, in the UCM group was lower compared with that in the DCM group (P < 0.001), the serum levels of PlGF and PlGF/soluble form of Flt‐1 ratio and plasma level of MCP‐1 in the UCM group were higher than those in the DCM group (P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThese results suggest that activated PlGF/Flt‐1 signalling and subsequent macrophage‐mediated chronic non‐infectious inflammation via MCP‐1 in the myocardium are involved in the pathogenesis of UCM.
Sequential Acylation/Silylation/Hetero‐Claisen Rearrangement of Nitroalkanes for the Synthesis of Protected Hydroxyoxime Derivatives
Authors: Antonova Yulia A. , Ioffe Sema L. , Sukhorukov Alexey Yu. , Tabolin Andrey A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSequential acylation‐silylation of nitroalkanes leads to O‐silylated α‐acyloxyoximes in high yields. The first step of the reaction involves deprotonation of nitro compound with sodium hydride promoted by DBU or alcohol/15‐crown‐5 system followed by treatment with acyl chloride. In situ generated acyl nitronate is further silylated by silyl triflate that triggers hetero‐Claisen [3,3]‐rearrangement within N‐acyloxyenamine moiety furnishing orthogonally protected oxime derivatives. The procedure has large substrate scope for both nitroalkanes and acylating agents (acyl chlorides, chloroformates) and allows tuning of reaction conditions depending on the particular type of substrate. Application of obtained oxime derivatives in organic synthesis is demonstrated.
Design of filamentary planar spiral coils with enhanced channel model for magnetic induction based underground communication
Authors: Sugumar Swathi , Santhanam Sakthivel Murugan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEarlier researches have proved that the magnetic induction (MI) communication has better performance compared to the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in underground (UG) medium as it provides low signal attenuation using small MI coils. In general, non‐planar coils are employed as transceivers in the MI UG communication and their performance is dependent on coil parameters. The disadvantages of non‐planar coils are their bulkiness and limited transmission distance. In this article, a novel idea of using compact filamentary planar spiral coils for MI UG communication is proposed to achieve higher received power at greater transmission distance. An enhanced MI channel model is also proposed to study the medium's influence on MI performance accurately by considering different soil characteristics. Performances of the circular and square coils in the MI system are evaluated based on mutual inductance, path loss, received power, and signal‐to‐noise ratio. The performance comparison suggests that the filamentary planar spiral square coil MI system achieves 9.22% higher received power than the filamentary planar spiral circular coil MI system. Moreover, the lateral and angular misalignment study shows that square coils are more tolerant to misalignments. For the proposed filamentary planar square spiral coil (FPSSC) MI system, the influence of coil parameters, channel parameters, and coil misalignment on the received power was carried out and its least sensitive and most sensitive parameters were identified for further optimization. The performance comparison between the proposed FPSSC MI system and the traditional non‐planar MI coil system suggests that the received power of the proposed system is improved by 47‐49 dBm thus extending the achievable transmission distance.
The U.S. Academic Fisheries Co-Authorship Network Under the Lens of Diversity and Inclusion
Authors: Arismendi Ivan , McLaughlin Katherine R , Penaluna Brooke E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The inclusion of diverse individuals in ecological sciences has shown little progress over the past 2 decades for various reasons, including structural barriers in societies, organizations, and academia. Collaboration networks are important for productivity, promotion, and scientific impact, yet the extent to which the structure of these networks affects the inclusion of minoritized people remains unknown. Here, we evaluated trends in published research between 1965 and 2017 within the U.S. fisheries science academic co-authorship network and evaluated its structural composition, focused on gender and race/ethnicity. Although the number of publications, number of authors per article, and lead authorship by women and people of color have increased over time, white men still lead more than 70% of published articles. Network analysis demonstrates a shift in the structure of the network over time from an initial concentration of research among a few fragmented clusters to a nearly completely connected network by 2016. However, centrality metrics for women and people of color consistently showed lower scores, suggesting that their integration into the network remains incipient. Our findings illustrate that although progress has been made towards the inclusion of diverse talent in fisheries science over time, continued progress requires strategic, explicit efforts to overcome biases and barriers.
Multimodal data acquisition at SARS‐CoV‐2 drive through screening centers: Setup description and experiences in Saarland, Germany
Authors: Flotho Philipp , Bhamborae Mayur J. , Grün Tobias , Trenado Carlos , Thinnes David , Limbach Dominik , Strauss Daniel J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 drive through screening centers (DTSC) have been implemented worldwide as a fast and secure way of mass screening. We use DTSCs as a platform for the acquisition of multimodal datasets that are needed for the development of remote screening methods. Our acquisition setup consists of an array of thermal, infrared and RGB cameras as well as microphones and we apply methods from computer vision and computer audition for the contactless estimation of physiological parameters. We have recorded a multimodal dataset of DTSC participants in Germany for the development of remote screening methods and symptom identification. Acquisition in the early stages of a pandemic and in regions with high infection rates can facilitate and speed up the identification of infection specific symptoms and large‐scale data acquisition at DTSC is possible without disturbing the flow of operation.
The effect of gender on student self‐assessment skills in operative preclinical dentistry
Authors: Kornmehl David L. , Patel Eshani , Agrawal Ruchika , Harris Jacqueline R. , Ba Aisha K. , Ohyama Hiroe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurpose/objectiveSelf‐assessment is a fundamental skill for dentists and other health care providers. It enables these professionals' ability to critically evaluate the quality of their clinical work and improve through self‐directed learning. Researchers have investigated how gender affects self‐assessment skills and have shown that male students tend to overestimate their performance while female students tend to underestimate theirs as compared to peer or faculty assessment. The goal of this study was to evaluate how the self‐assessment skills of dental students differ by gender in operative preclinical dentistry.MethodsThird‐year dental students (N = 208, Class of 2016–2021) self‐assessed their work using the same rubrics as faculty on four operative dentistry competency examination procedures: Class II amalgam preparation and restoration and Class III resin‐composite preparation and restoration. Two calibrated full‐time faculty graded all procedures independently. The Student self‐assessment‐Faculty grade (S‐F) gap scores were calculated and statistically analyzed.ResultsOverall, both genders overestimated their self‐assessment for all four procedures as compared to actual scores given by faculty. Males overestimated more significantly than females for Class II Amalgam preparation, but not for the other three procedures. However, when the S‐F gap for all procedures was combined and analyzed together, male students significantly overestimated their self‐assessments compared to female students. When female and male students grading scores were stratified into quartiles, there were significantly larger differences between males and females in the lower quartiles, which suggest that difference in self‐assessment abilities was more prominent among the lower performing students.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that gender may affect the accuracy of self‐assessment in operative preclinical dentistry.
Models of care for chronic myeloid leukemia patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: Changes in patient attitudes to remote consultations and future implications
Authors: Duncan Nicholas , Deekes Nigel , FitzGerald David , Ng Tin Wai Terry , Raghavan Manoj 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has presented numerous challenges to the provision of patient care within hematology. We undertook a questionnaire‐based study investigating the experiences and opinions of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the UK in relation to the different models of follow‐up care received during the pandemic. One hundred fifty‐four patients completed the online questionnaire. Only 19% of patients had experienced remote clinics prior to the pandemic compared with 91% afterward. After having experience of remote clinics, the proportion of patients who were positive about the remote clinic concept increased from 34% to 52% (P < .05). However, when asked to compare their experiences with face to face versus remote clinics, 48% preferred face‐to‐face clinics compared with 17% preferring remote clinics (35% expressed no preference). During the pandemic, frequency of blood tests was unchanged for 71% of patients, although they were performed in a number of different locations. The majority of patients (57%) had medication delivered to their home, with a small number (8%) having difficulty obtaining their medication. In terms of future models of care, 72% of patients were in favor of building remote appointments into the clinic model with 61% expressing a preference for a mixture of remote and face‐to‐face appointments. There was also interest in greater utilization of primary care for blood testing. Our findings should help optimize future models of care for CML patients.
Poly(I:C) enhances the efficacy of phagocytosis checkpoint blockade immunotherapy by inducing IL-6 production
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Wang Lixiang , Hu Shengzhao , Huang Chunliu , Xia Zijin , Liao Jing , Yi Wei , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMacrophage phagocytosis plays essential roles in antitumor immunity. CD47/SIRPα phagocytosis checkpoint blockade has demonstrated therapeutic potential in several hematopoietic cancers, but recent clinical studies reported very limited efficacy against solid malignancies. Here, we show that polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, enhances the antitumor activity of CD47 blockade in colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Poly(I:C) activation leads to a potent immune response characterized by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6. Stimulation with IL-6 promotes the PI3K signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization required for macrophage phagocytosis mediated by CD47 blockade. Our findings demonstrate the potential of Poly(I:C) to synergize the efficacy of CD47 blockade therapy and a novel role for IL-6 in macrophage phagocytosis, which provide new strategy for combinational cancer immunotherapy.
Spatial correlations of daily precipitation over mainland China
Authors: Fan Conghui , Yin Shuiqing , Chen Deliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKnowledge of spatial correlations of precipitation is important for the generation of grid‐based surface precipitation data sets, deployment of data collection, selection of downscaling strategies, and interpretation of paleoclimate reconstructions. Spatial correlations of daily precipitation in China were analyzed based on a daily precipitation data set from 1951 through 2014 for 2,208 stations by dividing them into 13 regions. Interstation Pearson correlation coefficient r for the daily precipitation series and the corresponding interstation distance d were calculated for each region. The exponential spatial correlation model () was fitted by the r‐d pairs, in which c0, d0 and s0 were the parameter variance, scale and shape, respectively. The results showed that: (a) The determination coefficient R2 of the correlation model varied from 0.54 to 0.96, with a mean of 0.82 and the regional maximum correlation distance d0 varied from 102.2 to 201.7 km, with a mean of 155.2 km. Western regions generally had smaller d0 than eastern regions, which indicates rain events in the western regions were more local; (b) The goodness‐of‐fit of the model was improved by dividing samples into West‐East (W‐E) and North‐South (N‐S) directions. The average of d0 for all regions (190.2 km) for the W‐E direction is larger than that for the N‐S direction (142.9 km); (c) The correlation distances in summer and dry years are shorter than those in winter and wet years. However, the difference of correlation distance between dry and wet years was subtle compared with those between summer and winter, and between W‐E and N‐S directions. Seven regions were divided based on the spatial correlations of daily precipitation and different spatial models were suggested to be used for different regions, seasons and directions when the interpolation of daily precipitation is conducted for the generation of gridded surface precipitation data sets.
Long‐term variability and trends of precipitable water vapour derived from GPS tropospheric path delays over the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Ziskin Ziv Shlomi , Alpert Pinhas , Reuveni Yuval 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe precipitable water vapour (PWV) of 21 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ground receivers from the Survey Of Israel Active Permanent Network (SOI‐APN) in the Eastern Mediterranean area are processed and analysed. We focus on the annual cycles, inter‐annual variations and long‐term trends. The PWV monthly mean values peak during September–October where October has the highest variability for all stations. PWV values reach minimum level during February–March where Apr is the least variable month for most stations. Generally, the PWV variability decreases with station height. Additionally, harmonic analysis indicates that the annual mode's amplitude decreases with station height. In contrast, the semi‐annual mode's accounting for the sub‐annual variance increases with station height. The PWV monthly mean anomalies are consistent among all the stations suggesting a common regional driver. Furthermore, a comparison between the PWV station average anomalies and the regional mean anomalies from the ERA5 reanalysis shows a strong correlation with r = 0.95. In addition, a correlation coefficient of r = 0.72 was found with the regional mean moisture flux anomalies at 750 hPa taken from ERA5 and the station average PWV anomalies, thus implying that horizontal moisture flow accounts for most of the inter‐annual variability. However, the significance of the 750 hPa pressure level requires future investigation. For the long‐term analysis, we find an increasing regional mean trend of 0.5 mm ⋅ decade−1 for the entire data period (1997–2019) as compared to 1 mm ⋅ decade−1 for the last decade (2010–2019) suggesting a recent accelerated moistening of the Eastern Mediterranean region.
Gut colonization in preterm infants supplemented with bovine colostrum in the first week of life: An explorative pilot study
Authors: Jiang Ping‐Ping , Muk Tik , Krych Lukasz , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Khakimov Bekzod , Li Yanqi , Juhl Sandra Meinich , Greisen Gorm , Sangild Per Torp 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the first weeks after birth, enteral feeding and bacterial colonization interact to influence gut maturation in preterm infants. Bovine colostrum (BC) has been suggested as a relevant supplementary diet when own mother's milk (MM) is insufficient or absent. This pilot trial tests whether the supplement type, BC or donor human milk (DM), affects gut colonization in preterm infants during the first week of life.MethodsOn day 7, fecal samples were collected from preterm infants (n = 24) fed BC or DM as a supplement to MM. The gut microbiome (GM) was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Correlations between the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa and blood chemistry variables, including amino acids, were explored.ResultsBC‐supplemented infants showed a lower relative abundance of the families Lactobacillaceae and Enterococcaceae than DM infants. Planococcaceae were more abundant in infants delivered by cesarean birth vs vaginally. The relative abundance of bacterial families, specifically Enterobacteriaceae, correlated negatively with plasma levels of multiple essential and nonessential amino acids (valine, isoleucine, lysine, histidine, and arginine).ConclusionThe nature of nutrition supplements (BC or DM) just after birth may affect GM development and nutrient metabolism in the neonatal period of preterm infants. The exploratory nature of our study calls for confirmation of these results and their possible long‐term clinical implications for preterm infants.