bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenolic extract of Libidibia ferrea inhibits dentin endogenous enzymatic activity depending on the adhesive system strategy
Authors: Venâncio Gisely Naura , Bridi Enrico Coser , Teixeira Lucas Novaes , Basting Rosanna Tarkany , Sousa Ilza Maria de Oliveira , França Fabiana Mantovani Gomes , do Amaral Flávia Lucisano Botelho , Turssi Cecilia Pedroso , Basting Roberta Tarkany 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of Libidibia ferrea (Lf) extract used as dentin pretreatment on the resin–dentin bond strength stability and dentin endogenous enzymatic activity. The phytochemical profile (PP) of the Lf extract was evaluated by liquid chromatography; particle size, polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential (ZP) were evaluated by dynamic light scattering. The tested groups were ER—Scotchbond Universal (SBU) in the etch‐and‐rinse (ER) mode; ERLf—SBU in the ER mode + Lf after etching; SE— SBU in the self‐etch (SE) mode; and LfSE—Lf before SBU in the SE mode. Sticks were obtained for microtensile bond strength tests and failure mode (24 hr and 12 months). The hybrid layer was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The endogenous enzymatic activity of the underlying dentin was analyzed by in situ zymography with the same treatments. The PP showed the presence of quercetin (2.6% w/w). Lf particles were considered large after the analysis of the PdI. The ZP remained stable over time. The ER and ERLf groups had lower bond strength after 12 months, but SE and LfSE remained stable. The predominant failure mode was adhesive for both times. ER and ERLf had longer resin tags and a thicker hybrid layer. The ER and LfSE groups showed higher enzymatic activity than the ERLf and SE groups after 12 months. The Lf extract may contribute to inhibit the dentin endogenous enzymatic activity when associated with an adhesive system in the ER mode.
Genomic insights into Pseudoalteromonas sp. JSTW coping with petroleum‐heavy metals combined pollution
Authors: Zan Shuaijun , Lv Jingping , Li Zelong , Cai Yingxue , Wang Zongcheng , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWorldwide marine compound contamination by petroleum products and heavy metals is a burgeoning environmental concern. Pseudoalteromonas, prevalently distributed in marine environment, has been proven to degrade petroleum and plays an essential role in the fate of oil pollution under the combined pollution. Nevertheless, the research on the reference genes is still incomplete. Therefore, this study aims to thoroughly investigate the reference genes represented by Pseudoalteromonas sp. JSTW via whole‐genome sequencing. Next‐generation sequencing technology unfolded a genome of 4,026,258 bp, database including Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were utilized to annotate the genes and metabolic pathways conferring to petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. The results show that common alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation genes (alkB, ligB, yqhD, and ladA), chemotaxis gene (MCP, cheA, cheB, pcaY, and pcaR), heavy‐metal resistance, and biofilm genes (σ54, merC, pcoA, copB, etc.) were observed in whole‐genome sequence (WGS) of JSTW, which indicated that strain JSTW could potentially cope with combined pollution. The degradation efficiency of naphthalene in 60 h by JSTW was 99% without Cu2+ and 67% with 400 mg L−1 Cu2+. Comparative genome analysis revealed that genomes of Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica strain LEMB 39 and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis strain HJ51 shared similarity with strain JSTW, suggesting they are also the potential degradater of petroleum hydrocarbons under combined pollution. Therefore, this study provides a WGS annotation and reveals the mechanism of response to combined pollution of Pseudoalteromonas sp. JSTW.
Symmetry and sex differences in knee kinematics and ACL elongation in healthy collegiate athletes during high‐impact activities revealed through dynamic biplane radiography
Authors: Nishida Kyohei , Xu Caiqi , Gale Tom , Anderst William , Fu Freddie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine symmetry and sex differences in knee kinematics and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) elongation waveforms in healthy athletes without a history of a knee injury during fast running, drop jump, and 180° internal/external rotation hops. It was hypothesized that knee abduction angle and ACL relative elongation would be greater in women than in men during all activities. Bilateral knee kinematics and ACL relative elongation were determined in 19 collegiate athletes using dynamic biplane radiography. Sex differences in kinematics and ACL relative elongation waveforms were identified using statistical parametric mapping. Average absolute side‐to‐side differences (SSDA) in kinematics and ACL relative elongation waveforms were determined for each activity. Women had up to 2.3° (all p < 0.05) less knee adduction angle and had greater ACL relative elongation (max. 4.8%–9.2%; all p < 0.01) than men during all activities, in support of the hypotheses. SSDA in kinematics were 1.4 mm and 5.5° or less in all components of translation and rotation, respectively, while SSDA in ACL relative elongation was 3.6% or less across all activities. Greater ACL relative elongation across a variety of activities may make women more susceptible to ACL injury than men. This study provides valuable reference data for identifying abnormal asymmetry in knee kinematics and ACL elongation in athletes after the ACL injury. These novel results improve our understanding of ACL elongation during demanding athletic activities and may help guide the development of sex‐specific risk screening metrics, return to play assessments, and rehabilitation protocols after the ACL injury.
Evaluating user perception and emotion of microinteractions using a contradictory semantic scale
Authors: Ma Jia Yang , Chen Chun‐Ching 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicrointeractions are presented with dynamic effects through the joint operation of external performance and internal mechanisms, allowing users to produce a variety of emotion and perception. In this study, we focus on microinteraction with functional effects and aim to explore the perception of microinteraction with different functional attributes. To understand the emotional tendency of microinteractions, 14 groups of typical contradictory semantics adjectives were selected, and two main factors were extracted: “hedonic” related to deep emotional enjoyment and “effectiveness” with highly effective characteristics. Among them, the “hedonic factor” has a high impact in microinteraction design, suggesting that the user's cognition of microinteraction mainly depends on the arousal of emotion and stimulates emotion using animation. Second, this study carried out an emotional comparison on representative microinteraction samples. The results indicate that feedback that caters to psychological feelings of realistic characteristics can strengthen a sense of connection between humans and computers and that continuity and consistency created by interface narrative can also contribute to a complete and exquisite interface. The conclusions of this study are relevant to the practical design of microinteractions and can be applied to improve the emotional experience of users in different scenarios.
Remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil by using nano‐bentonite, nano‐hydroxyapatite, and nano‐composite
Authors: El‐Nagar Doaa A. , Abdel‐Halim Khaled Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoil and water contaminants have an impact on ecosystems, agricultural productivity, groundwater, and human health. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new technologies to treat pollution, one of these techniques is the use of nanomaterials (NMs). This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of bentonite nano‐sheet structure (n‐Be), hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HapNP), and their nano‐composite (n‐Be/HapNC) on immobilizing nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) in peanut‐cultivated soil. The prepared materials were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, atomic force microscopy, surface area, and Fourier transform infrared. Eight levels of material were used T1 (bentonite, 1 t ha−1), T2 (hydroxyapatite, 1 t ha−1), T3 (HapNPs, 50 kg ha−1), T4 (HapNPs, 100 kg ha−1), T5 (n‐Be, 50 kg ha−1), T6 (n‐Be, 100 kg ha−1), T7 (n‐Be/HapNC, 50 kg ha−1), and T8 (n‐Be/HapNC, 100 kg ha−1). The results indicated that the available Ni, Cu, and Pb showed a significant decline in the treated soil, in comparison to untreated. Levels of Ni exhibited a decrease in the following order: T8 < T6 < T7 < T5. Similar patterns were observed for Cu and Pb levels, where treatment T8 exhibited the greatest decline compared to the control. Uptake of heavy metals (HM) by peanut components (leaves, stems, and seeds) showed significant declines for the treatments, compared to the control. Treatment (n‐Be/HapNC, 100 kg ha−1) showed the lowest transfer coefficient of Ni (0.53) and Cu (0.048) compared to control (0.71 and 0.097), respectively. Treatments of NMs significantly exhibited increases in fresh weight, pods, and seeds, compared to the control. From all findings, it is obtained that nano‐forms of such materials can immobilize HM in contaminated soil, enhance its characteristics, decrease HM‐uptake by plants, and are considered good immobilizers for HM in soil. These materials play a role in treating contaminated soil and thus making it suitable for agriculture.
Stimuli‐Responsive, Self‐Healing, and Injectable Hydrogels with Dual‐Crosslinked Design from Phenolphthalein‐Grafted N‐Carboxyethyl Chitosan
Authors: Savetsakulanont Jirapas , Chalitangkoon Jongjit , Monvisade Pathavuth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new biomaterial, a hydrogel, with dual‐crosslinked design, has been created with enhanced mechanical performance. The hydrogels are fabricated based on water‐soluble chitosan, with dual‐crosslinking of imine linkages and host–guest interactions. Phenolphthalein‐grafted N‐carboxyethyl chitosan (CECS‐g‐PHP), as a guest polymer, is synthesized and structurally characterized and complexed with hexamethylenediamine modified β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD‐HDA), as a host molecule. Oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) is added to form crosslinking networks via imine linkages with the existing amino groups. The hydrogels show significantly shorter gelation times and higher compressive stresses, compared with single‐crosslinked hydrogels. The phenolphthalein units in the hydrogel change color with pH and other added chemicals. Moreover, the hydrogels can be injected and are self‐healing with >80% recovery within 4 h. Thus, these dual‐crosslinked hydrogels, which respond to pH and other stimuli, are promising designs for new multifunctional biomaterials.
Strategies for Preparing Continuous Ultraflexible and Ultrastrong Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Aerogel Fibers with Excellent Thermal Insulation
Authors: Liu Yixuan , Zhang Yafei , Xiong Xike , Ge Pei , Wu Jinke , Sun Jun , Wang Jianjun , Zhuo Qiqi , Qin Chuanxiang , Dai Lixing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAerogel fibers are thermally insulating and can be woven, so they are expected to form a new generation of smart textiles that can efficiently reduce heat consumption. However, producing continuous aerogel fibers that have the necessary strength and toughness to be woven remains a great challenge. Herein, with the aid of freeze‐thaw treatment of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution and freeze‐spinning technology, continuous PVA aerogel fibers with an aligned porous morphology are prepared in a large‐scale. Freeze–thaw treatment greatly contributes to improving the spinnability of the spinning dope of aerogel fibers, which leads to the formation of the continuous fibers. Remarkably, through this process the aerogel fibers achieve ultraflexible and ultrastrong features, which results in excellent weaving ability, as well as attractive mechanical properties that benefit from the cross‐linking of PVA molecular chains with the aligned porous structure. More importantly, a textile woven with the special porous structure aerogel fibers shows extraordinary thermal insulation (thermal conductivity as low as 0.026 W m−1 K−1) and infrared stealth. This study illustrates a promising direction for the design of next generation, wearable, intelligent materials that have great potential for personal thermal management applications.
Recent Progress on Fabrication and Performance of Polymer Composites with Highly Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Meng Xingguang , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Wu Xudong , Amin Bilal Ul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe rise of miniaturized, integrated, and functional electronic devices has intensified the need for heat dissipation. To address this challenge, it is necessary to develop novel thermally conductive polymer composites as packaging materials. In this paper, a number of factors for the construction and design of thermally conductive polymers are concluded. Special attention is focused on the analysis and comparison of the thermally conductive composites prepared by various fillers or strategies to provide guidelines and references for future design of composite materials. The current commonly used preparation strategies of thermally conductive polymer are summarized, such as using a variety of fillers, vacuum filtration, template method, and so on. The challenges of thermally conductive polymer composites are finally sketched. This review can inspire the design of polymer composites with brilliant thermal conductivity.
Privacy concerns when using augmented reality face filters? Explaining why and when use avoidance occurs
Authors: Cowan Kirsten , Javornik Ana , Jiang Peilin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAugmented reality face filters (e.g., Snapchat) are ubiquitous in today's market. Yet, we know little about the impact of individuals' concerns for their own and others' privacy and sharing biometric facial data while interacting with such augmented reality face filters. Our study aims to uncover whether privacy concerns affect responses toward augmented reality face filter apps, as well as the underlying mechanisms of this process, specifically perceived usefulness and flow. First, a survey study shows that individual perceptions of privacy concerns indirectly decrease use intentions and word‐of‐mouth via perceived usefulness and flow. Second, integrating construal level theory, we demonstrate in an experimental study that users report lower use intentions and word‐of‐mouth (again mediated through perceived usefulness and flow) when providing a concrete (vs. abstract) privacy policy. Additionally, we offer evidence for boundary effects and show that these patterns emerge only when users interacted with highly hedonic filters. The research demonstrates that privacy concerns related to use of augmented reality face filters indirectly affects future behavioral intentions and explains the phenomenon through lenses of the privacy paradox and construal level theory. By accounting for how people process information, the research evidence novel mechanisms for interrupting the privacy paradox.
Automatic brain extraction and hemisphere segmentation in rat brain MR images after stroke using deformable models
Authors: Chang Herng‐Hua , Yeh Shin‐Joe , Chiang Ming‐Chang , Hsieh Sung‐Tsang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeExperimental ischemic stroke models play an essential role in understanding the mechanisms of cerebral ischemia and evaluating the development of pathological extent. An important precursor to the investigation of ischemic strokes associated with rodents is the brain extraction and hemisphere segmentation in rat brain diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and T2‐weighted MRI (T2WI) images. Accurate and reliable image segmentation tools for extracting the rat brain and hemispheres in the MR images are critical in subsequent processes, such as lesion identification and injury analysis. This study is an attempt to investigate rat brain extraction and hemisphere segmentation algorithms that are practicable in both DWI and T2WI images.MethodsTo automatically perform brain extraction, the proposed framework is based on an efficient geometric deformable model. By introducing an additional image force in response to the rat brain characteristics into the skull stripping model, we establish a unique rat brain extraction scheme in DWI and T2WI images. For the subsequent hemisphere segmentation, we develop an efficient brain feature detection algorithm to approximately separate the rat brain. A refinement process is enforced by constructing a gradient vector flow in the proximity of the midsurface, where a parametric active contour is attracted to achieve hemisphere segmentation.ResultsExtensive experiments with 55 DWI and T2WI subjects were executed in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art methods. Experimental results indicated that our rat brain extraction and hemisphere segmentation schemes outperformed the competitive methods and exhibited high performance both qualitatively and quantitatively. For rat brain extraction, the average Dice scores were 97.13% and 97.42% in DWI and T2WI image volumes, respectively. Rat hemisphere segmentation results based on the Hausdorff distance metric revealed average values of 0.17 and 0.15 mm for DWI and T2WI subjects, respectively.ConclusionsWe believe that the established frameworks are advantageous to facilitate preclinical stroke investigation and relevant neuroscience research that requires accurate brain extraction and hemisphere segmentation using rat DWI and T2WI images.
Technical note: On the development of an outcome‐driven frequency filter for improving radiomics‐based modeling of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bagher‐Ebadian Hassan , Zhu Simeng , Siddiqui Farzan , Lu Mei , Movsas Benjamin , Chetty Indrin J. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo implement an outcome‐driven frequency filter for improving radiomics‐based modeling of human papillomavirus (HPV) for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).Methods and materialsOne hundred twenty‐eight OPSCC patients with known HPV status (60‐HPV+ and 68‐HPV–, confirmed by immunohistochemistry‐P16 protein testing) were retrospectively studied. A 3D Discrete Fourier Transform was applied on contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CE‐CT) images of patient gross tumor volumes (GTVs) to transform intensity distributions to the frequency domain and estimate frequency power spectrums of HPV– and HPV+ patient cohorts. Statistical analyses were performed to rank frequency bands contributing toward the prediction of HPV status. An outcome‐driven frequency filter was designed accordingly and applied to GTV frequency information. A 3D inverse discrete Fourier transform was applied to reconstruct HPV‐related frequency‐filtered images. Radiomics features (11 feature‐categories) were extracted from pre‐ and post‐frequency filtered images using our previously published “ROdiomiX” software. Least‐absolute‐shrinkage‐and‐selection‐operation (Lasso) combined with a generalized linear model (Lasso‐GLM) was developed to identify and rank feature subsets with the optimal information for prediction of HPV+/–. Radiomics‐based Lasso‐GLM classifiers (pre‐ and post‐frequency filtered) were constructed and validated using random permutation sampling and nested cross‐validation (CV) techniques. Average area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC), and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were computed to estimate generalization error and prediction performance.ResultsAmong 192 radiomic features, 15 features were found to be statistically significant discriminators between HPV+/– cohorts on post‐frequency filtered CE‐CT images. Fourteen such radiomic features were observed on pre‐frequency filtered datasets. Discriminant features included tumor morphology and intensity contrast. Performances for prediction of HPV for the pre‐ and post‐frequency filtered Lasso‐GLM classifiers were as follows: AUC/PPV/NPV = 0.789/0.755/0.805 and 0.850/0.808/0.877, respectively. Nested CV performances for prediction of HPV for the pre‐ and post‐frequency filtered Lasso‐GLM classifiers were as follows: AUC/PPV/NPV = 0.814/0.725/0.877 and 0.890/0.820/0.911, respectively.ConclusionAlbeit subject to confirmation in a larger cohort, this pilot study presents encouraging results on the importance of frequency analysis prior to radiomic feature extraction toward enhancement of model performance for characterizing HPV in patients with OPSCC.
Optimization of multipoint phase retrieval in edge illumination X‐ray imaging
Authors: Massimi Lorenzo , Partridge Tom , Astolfo Alberto , Endrizzi Marco , Hagen Charlotte K. , Munro Peter R.T. , Bate David , Olivo Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurpose: In this work, an analytical model describing the noise in the retrieved three contrast channels, transmission, refraction, and ultra small‐angle scattering, obtained with edge illumination X‐ray phase‐based imaging system is presented and compared to experimental data.Methods: In EI, images acquired at different displacements of the presample mask (i.e., different illumination levels referred to as points on the “illumination curve”), followed by pixel‐wise curve fitting, are exploited to quantitatively retrieve the three contrast channels. Therefore, the noise in the final image will depend on the error associated with the fitting process. We use a model based on the derivation of the standard error on fitted parameters, which relies on the calculation of the covariance matrix, to estimate the noise and the cross‐channel correlation as a function of the position of the sampling points. In particular, we investigated the most common cases of 3 and 5 sampling points. In addition, simulations have been used to better understand the role of the integration time for each sampling point. Finally, the model is validated by comparison with the experimental data acquired with an edge illumination setup based on a tungsten rotating anode X‐ray source and a photon counting detector.Results: We found a good match between the predictions of the model and the experimental data. In particular, for the investigated cases, an arrangement of the sampling points leading to minimum noise and cross‐channel correlation can be found. Simulations revealed that, given a fixed overall scanning time, its distribution into the smallest possible number of sampling points needed for phase retrieval leads to minimum noise thanks to higher statistics per point.Conclusions: This work presents an analytical model describing the noise in the various contrast channels retrieved in edge illumination as a function of the illumination curve sampling. In particular, an optimal sampling scheme leading to minimum noise has been determined for the case where 3 or 5 sampling points are used, which represent two of the most common acquisition schemes. In addition, the correlation between noise in the different channels and the role of the number of points and exposure time have been also investigated. In general, our results suggest a series of procedures that should be followed in order to optimize the experimental acquisitions.