bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the competitiveness of the parties during the trial in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine
Authors: Syza N. , Syzyi I. 
Published: December 2021

The article reveals the essence of the principle of adversarial proceedings of the parties and the peculiarities of its implementation during the trial in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine. The theoretical views of scientists, which determine the essence of adversarial proceedings and the role of the court in criminal proceedings, are considered. Through the prism of the parties' adversarial proceedings, the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (CPC) are analyzed, which determine the general procedure of court proceedings, as well as the procedural form of individual court actions. Amendments to the CPC to provide introductory speeches at the beginning of the trial to both the prosecution and the defense, which are aimed at ensuring equal rights of the parties and expanding the adversarial nature of the parties at this stage. The problems of ensuring the adversarial nature of the parties have been clarified, taking into account the case law of the Supreme Court and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The analysis of the case law of the ECtHR concluded that ensuring the right to a fair trial in criminal proceedings presupposes that the trial, including procedural elements, must be adversarial and in this process the principle of equality of arms and defense must be ensured.
Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the parties' adversarial proceedings in special court proceedings, jury trials and criminal proceedings in the form of private prosecution.
It is established that in the case law of the Supreme Court the participation of the prosecutor in the trial of criminal proceedings in the form of private prosecution is recognized as a guarantee of equality and adversarial proceedings, as well as protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the victim. Such participation is obligatory, except in the case when the prosecutor refused to support the state prosecution, and the victim agreed to support the prosecution in court
Comparative analysis of system implementation punishments of Spain and Ukraine
Authors: Kubrak R. 
Published: December 2021

In this article the analysis of penitentiary system of Spain, based on the received material by results of a visit of the working group of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine for the purpose of exchange of experience and establishing cooperation in the penitentiary sphere. Relying on the information provided by the management of governing bodies of penitentiary institutions, personnel of the polyvalent penitentiary centres, bodies of police, non-governmental organizations and on the results of own observations it is studied the structure of bodies and institutions which carry out the punishments established by court. The order of execution of punishments, connected criminals, with isolation from society is defined. It is established special peculiar features of criminal and executive policy of Spain. It is carried out the comparative and legal analysis of systems of bodies and institutions of execution of punishments of Spain and Ukraine, separate differences are defined, it is structured a chain of command by penitentiary institutions, their submission, a procedure of non-departmental control of their activity, and preventive mechanisms of violation of the rights of the convicted persons. It is defined the Types of institutions and local structural sites according to the content of the isolating regime actions which are applied. The analysis of criminogenic list of convicts, their age structure is carried out.
It is established the components of efficiency of process of performance of criminal penalty in the form of imprisonment for a certain term, the organizations of social and educational work by introduction of the correctional programmes of their behaviour consisting in implementation of influence taking into account features of mental, psychological, emotional state of everyone’s of the convicted person, its educational level and requirements.
It is carried out the analysis and generally functional orientation and the main objectives of penitentiary institutions of Spain, features of ensuring protection and supervision of convicts in the polyvalent penitentiary centers. It is established efficiency and universality of functioning of the polyvalent penitentiary centers of Spain of the latest sample.
The author reasonably substantiates the expediency of introduction of separate elements of techniques of social and educational work with convicted of Spain in Ukraine, in particular the correctional programmes of behaviour of the convicts focused on specific features and needs of everyone’s of the convicted person.
Development of forensic tactics at the stage of mature science
Authors: Myroshnychenko Yu. 
Published: December 2021

The article completes a series of works devoted to the study of the history of forensic tactics. The author’s vision of periodization of formation and development of this section of science is given. It is concluded that the trends of the current stage of development of forensic tactics are determined by radical changes in the evidence paradigm, based on the competitive ideology of the reformed criminal process. This poses a number of urgent tasks for scientists and practitioners, including improving the tactics of interrogation, inspection, search, presentation for identification, and the development of methods for conducting new investigative actions for our judiciary, such as simultaneous interrogation of two or more persons, investigative experiment. The whole spectrum of covert (investigative) investigative actions – an institution also still unknown to the domestic criminal process – is in dire need of tactical and forensic support.
The need to substantiate the expediency of expanding the cognitive boundaries of forensic tactics, extending its recommendations to the field of criminal proceedings is becoming more and more tangible. It is necessary to continue developing the theory of court situations, tactical decisions, tactics of judicial interrogation and other procedural actions. The problems of planning court proceedings, in particular in the aspect of ensuring the continuity of court proceedings, remain relevant and require further research on the basis of the provisions of the current legislation.
The specific activities of the investigating judge require completely new tactical developments. There is an urgent need to develop tactical recommendations on the means of ensuring criminal proceedings, overcoming the opposition to pretrial investigation and trial of criminal cases, protection of participants in criminal proceedings. Extremely important from the standpoint of current trends in criminal justice is the development of tactical and forensic recommendations to ensure judicial proceedings on the basis of procedural agreements and other special procedures of criminal proceedings (simplified, special, etc.).
Legal issues on membership of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the International Criminal Court
Authors: Eyyubova M. 
Published: December 2021

Goal – investigate legal issues on membership of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the International Criminal Court. Methods of research: analysis and study of legal documents containing provisions on the entry of states into the International Criminal Court. By acceding to the Rome Statute, the membership of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the International Criminal Court is always necessary as a state guided by the principles and norms of international law. It is true that for a long time there has been no unequivocal opinion on this issue in society, in scientific circles, as well as in government agencies, mainly due to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. The court’s jurisdiction applies only to individuals, including those who have no jurisdiction over any crime committed before the entry into force of the Rome Statute, and therefore can only consider criminal acts alleged to have been committed after 1 July 2002.
Despite all these negative circumstances, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court expands the amendments to the national legislation of the participating States, but does not oblige the State Party to adopt national legislation in accordance with the provisions of the Rome Statute. Although the Republic of Azerbaijan did not accede to the Rome Statute, it benefited from the provisions of this document on war crimes. In general, the fact that the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan begins with the norms of international crimes is an indication of the great importance of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the norms of international humanitarian law. At the same time, this step demonstrates the commitment of the Republic of Azerbaijan to global values and international obligations. Discussion: offering a comprehensive and detailed study and use of this practice in academia.
Concentration of stresses near the hole in contact with rigid cylinder in composite plate, taking into account lateral clearances
Authors: Rudakov Konstantin , Dyfuchyn Yury , Bakhtovarshoiev Tymur 
Published: December 2021

Problems. When designing bolted joints (BJ), it is necessary, in particular, to carry out their verification calculations for strength. At the same time, it is desirable to use express analysis: calculations by simple formulas of sufficient accuracy. For BJ of plates made of layered polymer composite materials (PCM), the problem has not yet been solved.
The aim of the study. The task is to test the accuracy of three known formulas for quick calculation of the value of the stress concentration factor (SCF) in zone of contact of bolt-hole with a rigid cylinder (bolt). The study was carried out on contrasting examples of materials and schemes of reinforcement of plates made of PСM, taking into account possible clearance between bolt and hole in the real range: from zero to 1% of diameter.
Methodology of implementation. Numerical calculations were made using the finite element method (contact problem) for the BJ of plates made of layered PCM. 3D orthotropy of each monolayer was provided. Three simple formulas of express analysis were tested. The results are summarized in the tables and many illustrations are given.
Research results. Numerical estimates of depending of the SCF in zone of the surface of the bolt-hole from considered factors are obtained. The factors are the material characteristics, the schemes of reinforcement of plates made of layered PСM and the values of the clearance between bolt and hole in the plates, as well as the accuracy of the considered formulas.
Conclusions. Changing the material and the scheme of reinforcement of plate made of layered PСM leads to a significant change in the values ​​of maximum stresses and SCF in zone of the bolt-loaded hole in the weakened by hole cross section of a plate. Considered formulas of the express analysis have insufficient accuracy for consideration of contrast properties of materials and schemes of reinforcement of a plate. Changing size of clearance between bolt and hole in the range from zero to 1% of the diameter leads to relatively small changes in SCF: up to 10% maximum. Additional research is needed.
Influence of the heat transfer coefficient on the level of residual stress after heat treatment of the VVER-1000 reactor baffle
Authors: Makhnenko Oleg , Kandala Stepan , Basistyuk Nazar 
Published: December 2021

Background. Improvement of the methodology for the computational analysis of residual stresses in the structural elements of the reactor is an integral part of the work when extending the service life of NPP power units.
Objective. Determine the value of residual technological stress arising in the baffle of a VVER-1000 reactor during welding and postweld heat treatment according to the austenitizing mode. To evaluate the effect of considering the dependence of the heat transfer coefficient on the temperature of the baffle surface at cooling in air during heat treatment.
Methods. Numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of the baffle during welding and postweld heat treatment was carried out using the finite element method.
Results. It was determined that in the process of heat treatment according to the austenitizing mode, the residual welding stress in the baffle are almost completely relaxed. Due to the high temperature gradient during rapid cooling in air after heating in the process of austenitization, new rather high residual stresses are formed in the zones of the baffle with the greatest metal thickness.
Conclusions. Based on the results of the investigation, a high level of residual technological stress was determined, which should be considered when calculating the justification for extending the service life of the VVER-1000 reactor baffle.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Pressure Intensity in Detachable Joints of D Series Pumps
Authors: Rudenko Andrii , Zubko Vladyslav , Khvorost Viacheslav , Lysenko Andrii 
Published: December 2021

The object of study is a single-stage double-suction axially split volute casing centrifugal pump.
Background. In the design process of pumps, the problems associated with ensuring the tightness of the axial joint of a pump casing being under the effect of mechanical and temperature loads, are being solved. During the study of axial joint tightness, numerical calculation methods are used to estimate the pressure intensity on the contacting surfaces. A detachable joint under the external load satisfies the criterions of the tightness if the pressure intensity on the sealing surfaces is higher than values of the specific pressure prescribed by regulations. However, inability to experimentally determine the pressure intensity on the contacting surfaces has so far prevented to assess the accuracy of results obtained by the numerical calculation methods.
Objective. In order to verify the numerical results obtained by mathematical models, an experiment was carried out using a special Prescale film that registers the magnitude of the contact pressure on the joint of the specimen model of the flange fragment. Based on the experimental results, an analysis of the pressure intensity distribution was conducted.
Methods. To conduct the experiment, there was developed a method for determining the pressure intensity on the contacting surfaces according to the proposed scheme of the specimen of the flange fragment.
Results. A comparative analysis of the solving results obtained for the contact problem on the finite-element models of the flange fragment and the zone of the pump casing joint in the discharge chamber area showed a good coincidence of the results. Analysis of results obtained experimentally on the specimen of flange fragment and results of the numerical calculation on the flange fragment model also showed a good agreement.
Conclusions. Therefore, results of the calculation of the pressure intensity in the detachable joints on mathematical models have been experimentally confirmed.
Technical Vision System for in-Room Access Control
Authors: Fironov Artem Ihorovych , Levchenko Vitaliy Viktorovych 
Published: December 2021

Access systems with face recognition is widely used today. They are used in many enterprises and institutes where it is necessary to control the flow of passing people.
Facially recognizable technical vision systems are important because they can be used to store specific individuals faces and use them for access control. As a result of analysis of same modern systems the variant of system there are additional functions is offered.
The system consists of ESP-EYE module, with build-in wi-fi and Bluetooth modules, chip sensor camera “ OV2640” and LED display, which dasplays a notification for a person about granting or denying access, notifications are in two collors: geen and red respectively.. Also it has an emergency power supply in case of unforeseen situations.
Wi-fi is used as a means of transmiting data from camera to the server. This transmition method of data transmition has several advantages over Bluetooth. It allows to the system to transfer data at a much higher speed and over a grater distance, it is also more secure, provides access to the internet and allows to control the system remotely. All the listed advantages of this method of transmition give us a great variability in the operation and placement of the system.
To recognize people system use a comparison method. It compares the person’s face with a database and, after processing it produces the result. To optimize and speed up this process, the system uses a method of image compression based on discrete wavelet transform. This method is the transmission of a signal through several filtres, usualy two.
First, the signal is passed through a low-pass filter whis a pulse response g, resulting in an output signal in the form of a convolutional sum. At the same time the signal is decomposed by a high pass filter. The LPF gives an approximate shape of the output signal, and the HPF – the signal of difference or additional detail.
Discrete wavelet transform in an oriented basis makes it possible to construct transformation matrices with a given number of filters ”m”, where “m” is in the general case a prime positive number.
The simplest way to compare the two images is by substracting the brightness values of the two matrices and estimating the resulting matrix of differences using standard deviation. The use of standard deviation in combination with fiberboard in OB allows to speed up the process of face recognition in the system by discarding unncessary details, the absence of which minimaly harms the accuracy of the results.
The advantages of this system are that it is less expensive, in compareson with existing analogs, less energy-consuming, easy to assemble and install, uses a relatively simple and at the same time quite accurate method of identidying a persons identity.
Efficiency of an up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor coupled with an electrochemical system to remove chloramphenicol in swine wastewater
Authors: Romero-Soto Itzel , Garcia-Gomez Celestino , Leyva-Soto Luis , Napoles-Armenta Juan , Concha-Guzman María , Díaz-Tenorio Lourdes , Ulloa-Mercado Ruth , Drogui Patrick , Buelna Gerardo , Rentería-Mexia Ana María , Gortáres-Moroyoqui Pablo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The application and design of treatment systems in wastewater are necessary due to antibiotics' potential toxicity and resistant genes on residual effluent. This work evaluated a coupled bio-electrochemical system to reduce chloramphenicol (CAP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) on swine wastewater (SWW). SWW characterization found CAP of &lt;10 μg/L and 17,434 mg/L of COD. The coupled system consisted of preliminary use of an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB) followed by electrooxidation (EO). The UASB reactor (primary stage) was operated for three months at an organic load of 8.76 kg of COD/m3d and 50 mg CAP/L as initial concentration. In EO, we carried out a 22 (time operation and intensity) factorial design with a central composite design; we tried two Ti cathodes and one anode of Ti/PbO2. Optimal conditions obtained in the EO process were 240 min of operation time and 1.51 A of current intensity. It was possible to eliminate 44% of COD and 64.2% of CAP in the preliminary stage. On bio-electrochemicals, total COD and CAP removal were 82.35 and &gt;99.99%, respectively. This coupled system can be applied to eliminate antibiotics and other organic pollutants in agricultural, industrial, municipal, and other wastewaters.
Removal of selected pesticides, alkylphenols, hormones and bisphenol A from domestic wastewater by electrooxidation process
Authors: Bozyiğit Gamze Dalgıç , Ayyıldız Merve Fırat , Chormey Dotse Selali , Turan Nouha Bakaraki , Kapukıran Fatih , Engin Güleda Onkal , Bakırdere Sezgin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, seven compounds of environmental and health concern were treated by electrooxidation to determine their removal efficiencies from domestic wastewater. A batch type lab-scale reactor was used for the treatment process, and the analytes studied included two obsolete pesticides, two alkylphenols, two hormones, and bisphenol A. Titanium oxide and graphite electrodes were used as anode and cathode, respectively. Parameters of the electrooxidation process including pH of wastewater, ionic strength, applied current and treatment period were optimized by the univariate approach to maximize the removal efficiency of the analytes from wastewater. The optimum conditions were determined as nonadjusted pH of wastewater, 1.5 A current, 15 min treatment period and 5.0 g/L sodium chloride. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was used to preconcentrate analytes before and after treatment in order to calculate the removal efficiency of analytes. The removal efficiency obtained under the optimum conditions was satisfactory for all seven analytes at different influent concentrations.
Drug Delivery Systems and Strategies to Overcome the Barriers of Brain
Authors: Garg Yogesh , Kapoor Deepak N. , Sharma Abhishek K. , Bhatia Amit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
The transport of drugs to the central nervous system is the most challenging task for conventional
drug delivery systems. The reduced permeability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier is a major hurdle in
delivering drugs to the brain. Hence, various strategies for improving drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier
are being explored. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer several advantages, including high chemical
and biological stability, suitability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, and can be administered
through different routes. Furthermore, the conjugation of suitable ligands with these carriers tends to potentiate
targeting to the endothelium of the brain and could facilitate the internalization of drugs through endocytosis.
Further, the intranasal route has also shown potential, as a promising alternate route, for the delivery of drugs to
the brain. This can deliver the drugs directly to the brain through the olfactory pathway. In recent years, several
advancements have been made to target and overcome the barriers of the brain. This article deals with a detailed
overview of the diverse strategies and delivery systems to overcome the barriers of the brain for effective
delivery of drugs.