bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the Disastrous Debris Flow of Chediguan Gully in Yinxing Town, Sichuan Province, on August 20, 2019
Authors: Ning Li , Chuan Tang , Xianzheng Zhang , Ming Chang , Zhile Shu , Xianghang Bu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
On August 20, 2019, at 2 a.m., a disastrous debris flow occurred in Chediguan gully in Yinxing town, China. The debris flow destroyed the drainage groove and the bridge at the exit of the gully. In addition, the debris flow temporarily blocked the Minjiang River during the flood peak, flooding the Taipingyi hydropower station 200 m upstream and leaving two plant workers missing. To further understand the activity of the debris flow after the Wenchuan earthquake, the characteristics of this debris flow event were studied. Eleven years after the Wenchuan earthquake, a disastrous debris flow still occurred in the Chediguan catchment, causing more severe losses than those of earlier debris flows. In this paper, the formation mechanism and dynamic characteristics of this debris flow event are analysed based on a drone survey, high-definition remote sensing interpretations and other means. The catastrophic debris flow event indicates that debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area are still active. A large amount of dredging work in the main gully could effectively reduce the debris flow risk in the gully. In addition, it is also important to repair or rebuild damaged mitigation measures and to establish a real-time monitoring and early warning system for the high-risk gully.
Glia Maturation Factor-γ (GMFG) Promotes Ovarian Tumorigenesis and Chemoresistance via Activation of the FAK Signaling-Associated Focal Adhesion Dynamics
Authors: Lan Aihua , Wang Jingshu , Lv Cuiting , Yang Lina , Du Ran , Li Hui , Yu Yinjue , Ren Chunxia , Yang Gong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Glia maturation factor-γ (GMFG) is reported to regulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling through the facilitation of actin debranching and nucleation suppression, which may be associated with cellular malignancy, but the role of GMFG in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Methods: By overexpression or silencing of GMFG in ovarian cancer cell lines, we show that GMFG enhances in vitro ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and paclitaxel resistance and accelerates in vivo tumor growth and intraperitoneal metastasis in xenograft animal models. Results: The mechanistic study demonstrates that GMFG activates the FAK/Talin/Paxillin/Src signaling molecules via binding to p-FAK (Tyr397) and p-Talin (Ser425), whereas cell proliferation, migration and paclitaxel resistance induced by GMFG can be inversely suppressed by the chemical inhibition of p-FAK (Tyr397). Additionally, patients with high expression of GMFG exhibited a poor progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.2, 95%CI: 1.05−1.37, P = 0.0069), and were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002) and venous invasion (P = 0.028). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GMFG may activate FAK signaling via binding to p-FAK (tyr397) and p-Talin (ser425) to promote ovarian tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. These findings indicate a functional interaction between GMFG and FAK pathway in ovarian tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Thus, targeting the oncogenic GMFG-FAK axis may be a promising therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.
Spatial Maps of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Transcriptomes Highlight an Unexplored Landscape of Heterogeneity and a Novel Gene Signature for Survival
Authors: Zhao Nan , Zhang Yanhui , Cheng Runfen , Zhang Danfang , Li Fan , Guo Yuhong , Qiu Zhiqiang , Dong Xueyi , Ban Xinchao , Sun Baocun , Zhao xiulan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are often present with satellite nodules, rendering current curative treatments ineffective in many patients. The heterogeneity of HCC is a major challenge in personalized medicine. The emergence of spatial transcriptomics (ST) provides a powerful strategy for delineating the complex molecular landscapes of tumors. Methods: In this study, we investigated tissue-wide gene expression heterogeneity in tumor and adjacent nonneoplastic tissues using ST technology. We analyzed the transcriptomes of nearly 10820 tissue regions and identified main gene expression clusters and their specific marker genes (differentially expressed genes, DEGs) in patients. The DEGs were analyzed from two perspectives. First of all, we identified two distinct gene profiles associated with satellite nodules and conducted a more comprehensive analysis for both gene profiles. Their clinical relevance for human HCC was validated with KM Plotter. Secondly, we screened DEGs with TCGA database to divide the HCC cohort into high- and low-risk groups according to Cox analysis. HCC patients from the ICGC cohort were used for validation. Kaplan Meier analysis was used to compare the overall survival (OS) between high- and low-risk groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were applied to determine the independent predictors for OS. Results: Novel markers for the prediction of satellite nodules and a tumor clusters specific marker genes signature model(6 genes) for HCC prognosis was constructed, respectively. Conclusion: The establishment of marker gene proﬁles may be an important step towards an unbiased view of HCC and the 6-genes signature can be used for prognostic prediction in HCC. This analysis will help us to clarify one of the possible soucres of HCC heterogeneity, uncover pathogenic mechanisms and novel anti-tumor drug targets.
Preventing Surgical Complications During Microscopic Fenestration in Middle Fossa Arachnoid Cysts: A Retrospective Study for 38 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: LU Zheng , ZHENG Wen jian , HAN Xu , Gong Jian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose Middle fossa arachnoid cyst (MFAC) is one of the most common cranial cysts in children. The various postoperative complications following cyst fenestration are still the major concern for most surgeons. We systemically review the short-term postoperative complications in the literature and introduce our experience in preventing these complications.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted on the 38 cases of patients having MFAC (<14 years old) who underwent microscopic fenestration from January 2019 to December 2020. Short-term postoperative complications including postoperative hemorrhage/hematoma, subdural hygroma (SH), cranial nerve palsy, and central nervous system infection (PCNSI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak were collected. A systematic PubMed search for cohort studies of surgically treated MFAC published from 2000 was performed. The short-term postoperative complications in the included studies were illustrated.Results The overall complication rate in our series is 5.2%. Eight patients (21.1%) developed postoperative SH. One of them required reoperation. Patients who developed SH were significantly younger (4.1±1.6 versus 6.2±3.4 y.o., p=0.018). Binary logistic analysis showed that a lower age could be a risk factor for developing SH (P=0.115). No postoperative hemorrhage, cranial nerve palsy, or CSF leak was observed. In the systemic review, eighteen studies were included, comprising 649 cases of MFAC. The most common complication was SH (4.9%). The short-term postoperative complication rate between microscopic and endoscopic techniques was similar.Conclusion The complication rate in MFAC fenestration is low in children. SH is the most common postoperative complication, and it is prone to occur in young children.
Endogenous Oleoylethanolamide Crystals Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles with Enhanced Hydrophobic Drug Loading Capacity for Efficient Stroke Therapy
Authors: Wu Shichao , Liao Di , Li Xi , Liu Zeyu , Zhang Lin , Mo Fanny , Hu Shuo , Xia Jian , Yang Xiangrui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. Although the preparation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) achieves great success, their retention of highly hydrophobic drugs is still problematic. Results. Herein we report a novel strategy for efficiently loading hydrophobic drugs to LNPs for stroke therapy. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous highly hydrophobic molecule with outstanding neuroprotective effect, was successfully loaded to OEA-SPC&DSPE-PEG lipid nanoparticles (OSDP LNPs) with a drug loading of 15.9 ± 1.2 wt%, four times higher than those prepared via traditional methods. Efficient retention in OSDP LNPs greatly improved the pharmaceutical property and enhanced the neuroprotective effect of OEA. Through the data of positron emission tomography (PET) and TTC-stained brain slices, it could be clearly visualized that the acute ischemic brain tissues were preserved as penumbral tissues and bounced back with reperfusion. The in vivo experiments stated that OSDP LNPs could significantly improve the survival rate, the behavioral score, the spatial learning and memory ability of the MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion) rats. Meanwhile, the cerebral infarct volume, the edema degree, the apoptosis of the neurons, and the inflammation within the brain were also greatly decreased. Conclusions. These results suggest that the OSDP LNPs have a great chance to develop hydrophobic OEA into a potential anti-stroke formulation.
Glioma of The Temporal Lobe That Impair Working Memory
Authors: Ni Shengyuan , Chen Peng , Yang Yang , Bao Dejun , Zhang Rui , Qi Pang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Working memory refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of information. Although working memory is generally considered to rely primarily on a fronto-parietal network, there is recent evidence that the temporal lobe has an important role in specific aspects of working memory. Methods: In this study, we assessed 30 patients with temporal tumor and 30 healthy controls using a method that combined memory tests with working memory tasks ( Digital span task, Spatial capacity N-back task and Emotional N-back task ). Results: The results revealed that there are no significant difference between the groups with regard to the neuropsychological functionings. For working memory tasks, statistically significant differences were not found on the 1-back tasks and forward versions of simple span tasks between the temporal patients group (TP) and the healthy controls group (HC). Analysis of correct responses of the experimental tasks suggested that the TP group was significantly different from the HC group in the 2-back tasks and backward versions of simple span tasks. For reaction times, spatial capacity 2-back task and emotional 2-back task showed the TP group were significantly different from the HC group. Conclusion: These findings revealed that working memory capacity was impaired in patients with a temporal tumour and that the temporal lobe may be a certain neuroanatomical structure in the working memory network.
Applying 3DPCANet and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Aided Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Yu , Jia Hongfei , Duan Yifan , Xiao Hongbing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which changes the structure of brain regions by some hidden causes. In this paper for assisting doctors to make correct judgments, an improved 3DPCANet method is proposed to classify AD by combining the mean (mALFF) of the whole brain. The main idea includes that firstly, the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is pre-processed, and mALFF is calculated to get the corresponding matrix. Then the features of mALFF images are extracted via the improved 3DPCANet network. Finally, AD patients with different stages are classified using support vector machine (SVM). Experiments results based on public data from the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) show that the proposed approach has better performance compared with state-of-the-art methods. The accuracies of AD vs. significant memory concern (SMC), SMC vs. late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and normal control (NC) vs. SMC reach respectively 92.42%, 91.80%, and 89.50%, which testifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Efficient Outcomes by a New Technique SIMBO-FDTD for Skin Cancer Detection
Authors: Pal Shelendra , Rajkumar  , Sharma Vipul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases affecting humans globally of which skin cancer is one. Formerly, medical imaging techniques are designed to provide physicians with information about the body and out-of-body diseases and for their intended diagnosis. By identifying and treating the exact location of a patient's cancer cells, the patient's chances of survival greatly increase and are currently used for various classification problems. However, to achieve accurate and simple future performance, yet to be achieved and Correct treatment based on its accurate prognosis will be an important step in the evaluation of disease outcomes. At this time, freezing, axial surgery, MOH surgery, curettage, and electro dissection or cryotherapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, biological therapy are several corrective tools for its treatment. The main objective of this research paper is the development of skin cancer detection techniques using finite difference time domain(FDTD) using various computer image techniques and the research paper suggests that the technique being designed has the primary ability to better diagnose skin cancer than any other current investigator.
Accuracy of B-mode ultrasound and ARFI elastography in predicting malignancy of splenic lesions in dogs: Preliminary study
Authors: Maronezi¹ Marjury Cristina , Carneiro¹ Rafael Kretzer , Cruz¹ Igor Cezar Kniphoff , Oliveira Ana Paula Luiz , Nardi¹ Andrigo Barboza , Pavan¹ Letícia , Silva Priscila Del Aguila , Uscategui Ricardo Andrés Ramirez , Feliciano Marcus Antonio Rossi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography and ARFI elastography in detecting malignancy in canine splenic lesions. Thirty-seven spleens with abnormalities (16 benign and 11 malignant) from dogs of different breeds and ages were evaluated. Echogenicity, echotexture, organ length and height were evaluated using B-mode. By ARFI elastography, tissue stiffness was evaluated qualitatively (elastogram) and quantitatively (measuring the shear wave velocity - SWV). Lesions were classified as diffuse, focal or multifocal (cranial, medial or caudal portion) and comparisons of the SWV between the injured and non-injured areas were performed. In the B-mode, no features were associated to malignancy (P > 0.05). In the elastogram, 35 spleens were non-deformable and 2 deformable, having no association with malignancy. The greater SWV was observed in malignant lesions (3.4 ± 0.6 m/s), followed by areas free from alterations (2.1 ± 0.3 m/s) and benign lesions (1.7 ± 0.5 m/s), with difference between groups (P < 0.0001). It was found that a SWV > 2.6 m/s indicates malignancy of canine splenic lesions (sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 94% and accuracy of 97%), concluding that ARFI elastography is a promising technique for differentiating malignancy in these lesions.
Evolution of Infant Mortality in Ecuador: A Spatial Analysis From 2010 to 2019
Authors: Vivanco Karina Lalangui , Maya Karina Rivadeneira , Sánchez-Carrillo Christian , Cortéz Gersain Sosa , Quentin Emmanuelle 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The health situation of children is fundamental for the big picture of public health in a country. Particularly, the death of children under one year of age, calculated through the infant mortality rate is still a key indicator, especially in Latin America where the overall rate has been constantly decreasing down to 13.9 infant deaths per 1000 live births. But this global figure encompasses geographical and temporal disparities within the same country. This is why it is interesting to analyze this evolution through a geomatic method of spatial prioritization. By combining hotspots detection (Local Indicators of Spatial Association, LISA) and time trend over 20 years (Mann-Kendall) at municipal level data from Ecuador, a country with infant mortality similar to the regional average, we obtain the most critical townships that should receive special attention with respect to maternal and infant health.
Distribution of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As) in Overbank Sediments of Ibar Tributaries (in Serbia)
Authors: Đokić Božidar V. , Vidojević Dragana , Đokić Olivera 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Ibar River is an international river whose watercourse passes next to numerous technogenic landfills and chemical-industrial complexes. They can affect the quality of water in the river, as well as the quality of overbank sediments. The river flows into the West Morava River near Kraljevo and it represents its largest tributary. The analysis of the overbank sediments of Ibar tributaries showed high concentration of heavy metals at some points. The statistical analysis of the content determined the existence of two synthetic factors around which heavy metals were concentrated. The comparison of the chemical composition of overbank sediment with the composition of geological and pedological substratum on which they were developed showed that the increased concentrations of heavy metals were mostly a product of geological and pedological composition of the river’s substratum and basin, and had no connection with (possible) anthropogenic factors. However, due to the sensitivity and proximity of potential pollutants, the necessity to constantly monitor chemical composition of overbank sediments in the river basin was determined.
Febrile Seizures: Perceptions and Knowledge of Parents of Affected and Unaffected Children
Authors: Rice Steven Alan , Müller Ruth Melinda , Jeschke Sarah , Herziger Birthe , Bertsche Thilo , Neininger Martina Patrizia , Bertsche Astrid 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) in children are common. Little is known on parents’ perceptions and knowledge of FS. We interviewed parents of children aged 6 months to 6 years affected (FS-group, 65 parents) or unaffected by FS (unaffected group, 54 parents). Of the FS-group, 32% said they knew their child had a FS when the first event occurred. Of the FS-group, 89% described fear when the child had a seizure with a median intensity of 10/10 (Q25/Q75: 9/10). Of the FS-group, 77% said they (will) observe their child more carefully since the first seizure had happened, 63% (will) give antipyretics earlier at a median temperature of 38.2°C (100.8°F). Of the FS-group, 62% had not informed themselves about FS before the first event occurred (unaffected group: 54% had not informed themselves about FS so far). Of the FS-group, 20% would put a solid object in the mouth of a child having a seizure (unaffected group 39%), and 92% would administer an available anti-seizure rescue medication (unaffected group 78%). Of the FS-group, 71% stated children with FS might suffocate (unaffected group 70%). Conclusion: Information about FS and its management should be more widespread to improve parents’ coping and patient safety.
Satellite Cells Are Activated In A Rat Model of Radiation-Induced Muscle Fibrosis
Authors: Zeng Xiaoling , Xie Luyuan , Ge Yuxin , Zhou Yue , Wang Hui , Chen Yongyi , Zhu Xiaomei , Liu Huayun , Liao Qianjin , Kong Yu , Pan Lijun , Li Junjun , Xue Lei , Li Sha , Zhou Xiao , Shi Chunmeng , Sheng Xiaowu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Radiation-induced muscle fibrosis is a long-term side effect of radiotherapy that significantly affect the quality of life and even reduces the survival of cancer patients. We have demonstrated that radiation induces satellite cell (SC) activation at the molecular level; however, cellular evidence in a rat model of radiation-induced muscle fibrosis was lacking. In this study, we evaluated SC activation in vivo and investigated whether radiation affects the proliferation and differentiation potential of SCs in vitro. Methods: For in vivo studies, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 per group): a non-irradiated control group and 90 Gy-1 w, 90 Gy-2 w, 90 Gy-4 w, 90 Gy-12 w, and 90 Gy-24 w groups.Left groin area of the rats received a single dose of irradiation and rectus femoris tissues were collected in the indicated weeks. Fibrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy were evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining, TUNEL staining, and electron microscopy, respectively. SC activation and central nuclear muscle fibers were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining. IL-1β concentrations in serum and irradiated muscle tissue samples were determined by ELISA. For in vitro studies, SCs were isolated from rats with radiation-induced muscle fibrosis and their proliferation and differentiation were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining.Results: In vivo, fibrosis increased over time following irradiation. Apoptosis and autophagy levels, IL-1β concentrations in serum and irradiated skin tissues, and the numbers of SCs and central nuclear muscle fibers were increased in the irradiated groups when compared with control group. In vitro, cultured SCs from irradiated muscle were positive for proliferation marker Pax7, and differentiated SCs were positive for myogenic differentiation marker MyHC.Conclusion: This study provided cellular evidence of SC activation and proliferation in rats with radiation-induced muscle fibrosis. Radiation does not affect the proliferation and differentiation potential of SCs in vitro.
Stronger effect of maize rhizosphere than phosphorus fertilization on soil phosphatase activity and associated bacterial communities in acidic soil: distinct influences on phoC- and phoD-harboring bacteria
Authors: Guo Long , Wang Chao , Shen Ren Fang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aims

The bacteria phoC and phoD genes encode acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and ALP), respectively, which mineralize organic phosphorus (P) to inorganic P. The relative importance of P fertilization and the plant rhizosphere on soil phosphatase activities and associated bacterial communities in acidic soils are poorly understood; whether phoC- and phoD-harboring bacterial communities display different responses remains undetermined.
Methods

Maize was grown in acidic soil supplemented with 0 (P0), 20 (P20), and 200 (P200) mg P2O5 kg− 1 for 42 days. Maize biomasses, plant nutrients, soil properties, phosphatase activities, and associated bacterial abundance and community composition were determined.
Results

Relative to bulk soils, rhizosphere showed increased ACP and ALP activities, phoC and phoD gene abundance, but these effects were reduced in strength with P200 treatment, except for phoC gene abundance. The rhizosphere effect increased α-diversity of phoC-harboring bacteria under P fertilization but reduced α-diversity of phoD-harboring bacteria under P0 and P20 treatments. The rhizosphere significantly influenced both phoC- and phoD-harboring bacterial community compositions, with stronger effect on phoD-harboring bacteria; while P fertilization affected phoD-harboring bacteria but not phoC-harboring bacteria. Immigrated and extinct species play important roles in reshaping phoC- and phoD-harboring bacterial communities, respectively, in response to the rhizosphere effect.
Conclusions

Compared with P fertilization, the maize rhizosphere more strongly influenced soil phosphatase activities and phoC- and phoD-harboring bacterial communities in acidic soils, with phoD-harboring bacteria responding more strongly to the rhizosphere effect and P fertilization. Notably, the strength of the rhizosphere effect heavily relied on P fertilization level.