bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Efficacy of Oral Terbinafine and Oralitraconazole in Tinea Corporis / Tinea Cruris Infection
Authors: Brigida S. , Elizabeth Arul Amutha 
Published: April 2021

Dermatophytoses which are superficial fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nail are among the most common infective dermatoses seen in dermatology outpatient clinics. Today, we are facing an onslaught of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis in volumes never encountered previously. Itraconazole was found to be the better antifungal in terms of clinical cure,mycological clearance and less need for extension of treatment than Terbinafine. Overall, oral Itraconazole 200 mg/day for 2 weeks proved to be a better agent with excellent and significantly better cure rates than oral Terbinafine 500mg/day for 2 weeks. With Itraconazole, the contra-indications, drug interactions must be kept in mind to prevent loss of efficacy/ potentially hazardous interactions. Both drugs had a good safety profile and few minor adverse events. The reasons for extension of treatment comprise chronicity, previous treatment with OTC steroid preparations, and misuse of systemic antifungal drugs, diabetes, and obesity. Poor personal practices and hygiene also havetheir contribution. Significant associations were also noted between diabetes and chronicity.
Study of Expression of P53 in Prostatic Lesions
Authors: Preethi M. , Jayaraman . , Ganapathy Hemalatha , Lilly S. Mary 
Published: April 2021

Prostate gland is an accessory gland of the male reproductive system.Prostate begins development from the mesenchymal tissue, surrounding the urogenital sinus in the 3 rd month of gestation. Epithelial buds invaginate from the posterior sinus on either side of verumontanum. Concurrently, Wolffian ducts develop into seminal vesicles, epididymis, Vasdeferens and ejaculatory ducts that are stimulated by fetal testosterone. Histologically all malignant lesions encountered were Conventional Adenocarcinoma of Prostate. The commonest pattern seen was acinar followed bycribriform and fused glandularpattern. Conventional Adenocarcinoma forms the most commontype of prostatic carcinoma and they are moderately differentiated byGleason’s microscopicgrading. Serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels increases proportionately with advancing clinical stage. Studies have shownthat serial increase in serum PSA is associated with incidence of occult carcinoma.In the present study, the TURP specimen received was ranged in the volume from 8 to 20cc. Every tissue was carefully examined for the presence of yellow and firm or gray hard areas and necrotic areas. After fixation and processing, 4 -5µ sections were cut and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was done. In the present study all the benign lesions stained negative except for cases were the PSA value is more than >50ng/ml with p53 IHC and in prostate carcinoma positive indicating epithelial marker positive for prostate gland. In coclusio, the IHC expression of p53 is significantly up- regulated in malignant lesions and have importance in prognostic factors and disease survival.
The Role p53 Protein Expression in Urothelial Neoplasm
Authors: Sahoo Bijayalaxmi , Jayaraman . , Govindharajan R. , Sivastava Vindu 
Published: April 2021

The urinary bladder had a line with transitional epithelium. Urothelial neoplasms are the majority among the bladder neoplasms. Urothelial neoplasms were more common in males than in females. Urothelial neoplasms usually occur in the elderly age group. The majority of the tumor size was more significant than 3 cm, and papillary type is majorly found among the tumors. The present study aimed to identify the grade and staging of the p53 in urothelial neoplasms.
The bladder carcinoma (54) cases from Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and hospital (during September 2015 to September 2017) were analysed. The median age for bladder carcinoma in the present study was 66 years. The clinical parameter studied was the size of the lesion based on the cytoscopic or radiological findings (31- 33). Based on tumor size, lesions were classified into two groups, less than equal to 3cm and greater than 3cm, which was found to be 42% and 58%, respectively This study concludes that p53 is useful in differentiating benign and malignant neoplasms in morphologically difficult cases. Immunohistochemistry for p53 is useful adjunct to histomorphology.
Emergency Treatment of Patients of Thoraco Abdominal Trauma in Surgical Ward According to Advanced Trauma and Life Support (ATLS)
Authors: Laghari Ahsan Ali , Shaikh Shiraz , Abro Shahnawaz , Suhail Muhammad Ali , Memon Gulshan Ali , Khaskheli Ghulam Akbar , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To determine the emergency treatment of Patients of Thoraco abdominal trauma in surgical ward according to Advance trauma and life support (ATLS).
Methodology: Prospective observational study was conducted for two years from April 2018 to March 2020 at Liaquat university of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad Hospital. The study comprises 50 patients. All were admitted from Emergency department. The patients were evaluated fully after history & clinical examinations. Results were analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.
Results: In this study of 50 patients of Thoraco abdominal trauma, the maximum numbers of patients were in age group 15-70 years. Out of 50 patients 25 patients were presented with Trauma in Thorax, in which 5 patients were presented with penetrating injury & 20 patients were presented with Blunt trauma, 10 patients were presented with combine Thoraco abdominal trauma in which 2 patient were presented with penetrating injury & 8 patients were presented with Blunt trauma. Related to chest trauma 10 patients were treated needle thoracotomy with chest intubation, 5 patients were treated endotracheal intubation, 3 patients were treated thoracotomy and 2 patients were treated cardiosentesis, 5 patients were treated cricothyroidotomy. Better out were seen in 45 patients and mortality were seen in 5 patients.
Conclusion: Advance trauma and life support (ATLS) has a vital role in thoraco abdominal trauma intervention. 90% of successful interventions were obtained using advance trauma and life support.
Analysis of Related Factors on The Vertebral Height Restoration of Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation
Authors: Xie Weixing 
Published: April 2021

Background
Percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is widely applied for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The degree of vertebral body height restoration and deformity correction after the procedure is not consistent.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 97 patients who underwent PVA, because of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The following data about the patients were recorded: age, sex, bone density, number of treated vertebrae, severity of fracture of the treated vertebrae, operative approach (PVP or PKP), volume of injected bone cement, preoperative vertebral compression ratio, preoperative local kyphosis angle, cement leakage, postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio, follow-up period, and latest follow-up height loss ratio. Bivariate regression analysis and t-test were applied for univariate analysis, while multivariate linear regression analysis was applied for multivariate analysis.

Results
The postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio was (14.7% ± 15.2%), and the last follow-up height loss ratio was (13.5% ± 11.5%). The multivariate analysis showed that the number of treated vertebrae, preoperative vertebral compression ratio, and preoperative local kyphosis angle are the main factors influencing the postoperative vertebral body height restoration. The univariate analysis also showed that only the postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio is related to the last follow-up height loss ratio.

Conclusions
The number of treated vertebrae, preoperative vertebral compression ratio, and preoperative local kyphosis angle are the main influencing factors of patients' vertebral body height restoration after PVA, and the postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio is the main factor influencing the last follow-up height loss ratio.
Linear‐like properties arise naturally in the adaptive control setting
Authors: Miller Daniel E. , Shahab Mohamad T. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryClassical discrete‐time adaptive controllers typically provide asymptotic stabilization and tracking; usually the affect of the noise is at best bounded‐input bounded‐output. Recently we have shown that if you design a discrete‐time adaptive controller in just the right way, then in a variety of situations you not only obtain exponential stability, but also a bounded gain on the noise in every p−norm, as well as a never‐before‐seen linear‐like convolution bound on the input–output behavior. Quite surprisingly, the approach is very natural, and relies on the use of the unmodified, original projection algorithm to carry out parameter estimation; if the set of plant uncertainty is not convex, then a multi‐estimator and switching are used. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the approach, discuss the results‐to‐date, and list some of the open problems.
Ion Exchange Lithography: Localized Ion Exchange Reactions for Spatial Patterning of Perovskite Semiconductors and Insulators
Authors: Helmbrecht Lukas , Futscher Moritz H. , Muscarella Loreta A. , Ehrler Bruno , Noorduin Willem L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPatterning materials with different properties in a single film is a fundamental challenge and essential for the development of next‐generation (opto)electronic functional components. This work introduces the concept of ion exchange lithography and demonstrates spatially controlled patterning of electrically insulating films and semiconductors with tunable optoelectronic properties. In ion exchange lithography, a reactive nanoparticle “canvas” is locally converted by printing ion exchange “inks.” To demonstrate the proof of principle, a canvas of insulating nanoporous lead carbonate is spatioselectively converted into semiconducting lead halide perovskites by contact printing an ion exchange precursor ink of methylammonium and formamidinium halides. By selecting the composition of the ink, the photoluminescence wavelength of the perovskite semiconductors is tunable over the entire visible spectrum. A broad palette of conversion inks can be applied on the reactive film by printing with customizable stamp designs, spray‐painting with stencils, and painting with a brush to inscribe well‐defined patterns with tunable optoelectronic properties in the same canvas. Moreover, the optoelectronic properties of the converted canvas are exploited to fabricate a green light‐emitting diode (LED), demonstrating the functionality potential of ion exchange lithography.
A Molecular Drone for Atomic‐Scale Fabrication Working under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Baldoni Matteo , Mercuri Francesco , Cavallini Massimiliano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe direct manipulation of individual atoms has led to the advancement of exciting cutting‐edge technologies in sub‐nanometric fabrication, information storage and to the exploration of quantum technologies. Atom manipulation is currently performed by scanning probe microscopy (SPM), which enables an extraordinary spatial control, but provides a low throughput, requiring complex critical experimental conditions and advanced instrumentation. Here, a new paradigm is demonstrated for surface atom manipulation that overcomes the limitations of SPM techniques by replacing the SPM probe with a coordination compound that exploits surface atom complexation as a tool for atomic‐scale fabrication. The coordination compound works as a “molecular drone”: it lands onto a substrate, bonds to a specific atom on the surface, picks it up, and then leaves the surface along with the extracted atom, thus creating an atomic vacancy in a specific position on the surface. Remarkably, the feasibility of the process is demonstrated under electrochemical control and the stability of the fabricated pattern at room temperature, under ambient conditions.
2D MXene–Molecular Hybrid Additive for High‐Performance Ambipolar Polymer Field‐Effect Transistors and Logic Gates
Authors: Wang Hanlin , Wang Ye , Ni Zhenjie , Turetta Nicholas , Gali Sai Manoj , Peng Haijun , Yao Yifan , Chen Yusheng , Janica Iwona , Beljonne David , Hu Wenping , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMXenes are highly conductive layered materials that are attracting a great interest for high‐performance opto‐electronics, photonics, and energy applications.. Their non‐covalent functionalization with ad hoc molecules enables the production of stable inks of 2D flakes to be processed in thin‐films. Here, the formation of stable dispersions via the intercalation of Ti3C2Tx with didecyldimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) yielding Ti3C2Tx–DDAB, is demonstrated. Such functionalization modulates the properties of Ti3C2Tx, as evidenced by a 0.47 eV decrease of the work function. It is also shown that DDAB is a powerful n‐dopant capable of enhancing electron mobility in conjugated polymers and 2D materials. When Ti3C2Tx–DDAB is blended with poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐co‐selenophene) [(PDPP–Se)], a simultaneous increase by 170% and 152% of the hole and electron field‐effect mobilities, respectively, is observed, compared to the neat conjugated polymer, with values reaching 2.0 cm2 V−1 s−1. By exploiting the balanced ambipolar transport of the Ti3C2Tx–DDAB/PDPP–Se hybrid, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) logic gates are fabricated that display well‐centered trip points and good noise margin (64.6% for inverter). The results demonstrate that intercalant engineering represents an efficient strategy to tune the electronic properties of Ti3C2Tx yielding functionalized MXenes for polymer transistors with unprecedented performances and functions.
Tuning the Magic Sizes and Optical Properties of Atomically Precise Bidentate N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Protected Gold Nanoclusters via Subtle Change of N‐Substituents
Authors: Luo Peng , Bai Sha , Wang Xin , Zhao Jing , Yan Zhen‐Ning , Han Ying‐Feng , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Mak Thomas C. W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOwing to the atomically precise structures, metal nanoclusters (NCs) have always served as model molecular tools to analyze NC surface chemistry and to investigate structure−property correlations. Herein, a series of bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐protected NCs of type [Au11(bis‐NHC)5]3+ and [Au13(bis‐NHC)5Br2]3+ obtained from direct reduction of Au−bis‐NHC complexes are described. The NCs type obtained depends on the N‐wingtip substituents of the Au−bis‐NHC complexes. Subtle changes in the lengths of the N‐wingtip substituents enable the fine‐tuning of the kernel with either Au11 or Au13 clusters. Among them, [Au11(bis‐NHC)5]3+ cluster is the first homoleptic NHC‐stabilized Au NC. The composition and structures of these NCs are unequivocally determined by single crystal X‐ray crystallography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Contrary to the non‐emissive Au11 cluster, the Au13 NC exhibits high emission in solution and the luminescence properties are severely dependent onto the substituent effects. Additionally, peculiar Au⋯HC interactions are present in NHC‐protected clusters.
Switching the Nonparametric Optical Nonlinearity of Tungsten Oxide by Electrical Modulation
Authors: Li Hui , Hou Ruipeng , Sun Yanhui , Diao Mengjuan , Liang Ying , Chen Xin , Huang Zhipeng , Wang Jun , Humphrey Mark G. , Yu Zhiyang , Zhang Chi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work shows the electrical switching of the nonparametric optical nonlinearity of tungsten oxide (WO3−x). The sign and magnitude of the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) can be modulated via application of an external bias. With laser excitation at 1030 nm, WO3−x shows a relatively large saturable absorption (SA) under an applied voltage (VA) of −2.5 V, with βeff being as large as −632 cm GW−1, while reverse saturable absorption (RSA) is found for VA larger than −1.5 V. The electrical switching of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response is reproducible and durable. Both electrostatic and electrochemical dopings of WO3−x occur during VA variation, with SA resulting mainly from the electrochemical doping (the intercalation of H+ into the lattice of WO3−x). The wavelength‐dependent NLO performance of pristine WO3−x is attributed to competition between one‐photon absorption and two‐photon absorption, while the VA‐derived NLO response is correlated with variation in the band structure and its population. These results suggest a promising approach for the postsynthesis modulation of the NLO response and a potential device configuration for further optoelectric applications.
Electrophoretic Plasmonic Ink for Dynamic Color Display
Authors: Zheng Jiapeng , Chow Tsz Him , Li Shasha , Wang Jianfang , Shao Lei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlasmonic metal nanostructures generate vivid colors with high spatial resolution. Active control of plasmonic pixels by electrical means, which is compatible with integrated circuit technologies, is a promising technique for dynamic full color reflective display. However, the development of electrical plasmonic display is still limited by the difficulties in cost‐effective construction of active plasmonic pixels over large areas. This study demonstrates the achievement of electrical plasmonic display in full color by electrophoretic movement control of plasmonic noble metal nanocrystals in an organic electrolyte solvent. The persistent issues of nanoparticle aggregation and irreversible deposition in electrophoresis are addressed through appropriate surface modifications of the plasmonic nanocrystals, enabling them as advantageous nanoscale colorful pigments with long‐term durability. A weak electric field therefore allows color display with high contrast, high saturation, and electrical reconfigurability. The ink containing plasmonic pigments is further assembled into microfluidic chips to display different characters. The strategy will pave the way towards the development of plasmonic electronic paper in full color.
Hearing impairment and missing cognitive test scores in a population‐based study of older adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities neurocognitive study
Authors: Deal Jennifer A. , Gross Alden L. , Sharrett A. Richey , Abraham Alison G. , Coresh Josef , Carlson Michelle , Griswold Michael , Mosley Thomas , Power Melinda C. , Ramulu Pradeep , Reed Nicholas S. , Lin Frank R. , Swenor Bonnielin K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionHearing impairment is associated with poor cognitive test performance in older adults. However, hearing's impact on cognitive test completion is poorly described, and missing cognitive data due to hearing impairment could misestimate the association.MethodsWe investigated if hearing impairment is associated with missing neurocognitive scores in 3678 adults (72‐94 years). Hearing impairment was defined by the better‐ear pure tone average of speech‐frequency thresholds (0.5‐4 kHz) >25 decibels.ResultsHearing impairment was associated with greater missingness on all auditory‐only tests, including Logical Memory (prevalence ratio [PR] comparing ≥ moderate impairment vs normal hearing:1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26, 2.25) and Digits Backwards (PR 1.62; 95% CI 1.21, 2.17); and two non‐auditory tests, Boston Naming (PR 1.61; 95% CI 1.21, 2.17) and Trail Making B (PR 1.55; 95% CI 1.29, 1.86). Models that imputed missing cognitive scores showed the strongest hearing‐cognition associations.DiscussionOlder adults with hearing impairment are less likely to complete cognitive testing, thereby underestimating the hearing impairment‐cognition relationship.
Interweaving Visible‐Light and Iron Catalysis for Nitrene Formation and Transformation with Dioxazolones
Authors: Tang Jing‐Jing , Yu Xiaoqiang , Wang Yi , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, visible‐light‐driven iron‐catalyzed nitrene transfer reactions with dioxazolones for intermolecular C(sp3)‐N, N=S, and N=P bond formation are described. These reactions occur with exogenous‐ligand‐free process and feature satisfactory to excellent yields (up to 99 %), an ample substrate scope (109 examples) under mild reaction conditions. In contrast to intramolecular C−H amidations strategies, an intermolecular regioselective C−H amidation via visible‐light‐induced nitrene transfer reactions is devised. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds via a radical pathway. Computational studies show that the decarboxylation of dioxazolone depends on the conversion of ground sextet state dioxazolone‐bounding iron species to quartet spin state via visible‐light irradiation.
Generating Assembled MFI Nanocrystals with Reduced b‐Axis through Structure‐Directing Agent Exchange Induced Recrystallization
Authors: Zhao Xiaoling , Zeng Shu , Zhang Xueliang , Deng Quanzheng , Li Xiujie , Yu Wenguang , Zhu Kake , Xu Shutao , Liu Jichang , Han Lu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractControlling crystal size and shape of zeolitic materials is an effective way to promote their mass transport and catalytic properties. Herein, we report a single step, Na+‐ and porogen‐ free crystallization of MFI hierarchical architecture made up of aligned nanocrystals with reduced b‐axis thickness (5–23 nm) and adjustable Si/Al ratios between 35 to 120, employing the commonly used tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) as structure‐directing agents (SDAs). Homogeneous nucleation driven by both SDAs and subsequent SDA‐exchange induced dissolution‐recrystallization are responsible for the formation of such structure. The enhanced textural and diffusion properties account for a notable exaggeration of propene selectivity and catalyst lifetime in dimethyl ether‐to‐olefins (DTO) conversion. This protocol is extendable to the rational synthesis of other hierarchical zeolites through crystallization process control.
Ligand‐Constraint‐Induced Peroxide Activation for Electrophilic Reactivity
Authors: Chandra Anirban , Ansari Mursaleem , Monte‐Pérez Inés , Kundu Subrata , Rajaraman Gopalan , Ray Kallol 
Published: April 2021

Abstractμ‐1,2‐peroxo‐bridged diiron(III) intermediates P are proposed as reactive intermediates in various biological oxidation reactions. In sMMO, P acts as an electrophile, and performs hydrogen atom and oxygen atom transfers to electron‐rich substrates. In cyanobacterial ADO, however, P is postulated to react by nucleophilic attack on electrophilic carbon atoms. In biomimetic studies, the ability of μ‐1,2‐peroxo‐bridged dimetal complexes of Fe, Co, Ni and Cu to act as nucleophiles that effect deformylation of aldehydes is documented. By performing reactivity and theoretical studies on an end‐on μ‐1,2‐peroxodicobalt(III) complex 1 involving a non‐heme ligand system, L1, supported on a Sn6O6 stannoxane core, we now show that a peroxo‐bridged dimetal complex can also be a reactive electrophile. The observed electrophilic chemistry, which is induced by the constraints provided by the Sn6O6 core, represents a new domain for metal−peroxide reactivity.