bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of injury burden and barriers in maintaining quality data
Authors: Haagsma J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
For policy-makers, quantification of the burden of injury and the determination of the relative attributes of avoidable risk factors to this burden are vital tools for priority-setting purposes. This is particularly important in the case of a rapidly changing injury landscape due to effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the 1996 Global Burden of Disease study the disability adjusted life year (DALY) is widely used to assess the burden of injury. The DALY is a population health metric that expresses health loss due mortality, morbidity and disability into a single number. This allows comparisons of distinct health outcomes across subgroups of a population and over time. In addition, cost-of-illness studies can be used to assess the societal burden of injury. Cost-of-illness studies may vary with regards to the time horizon that is used as well as the cost components, which may include intramural and extramural costs as well as productivity loss due work absenteeism due to injury. Essential for the calculation of injury DALYs and cost-of-illness is relevant data on the occurrence of injury, injury deaths, data on exposure to risk factors for injuries, health care consumption and return to work. However, each phase of the pandemic posed different barriers maintaining collection of quality data which may subsequently jeopardize accurate injury DALY calculations and determination of the relative attributes of avoidable risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
9.N. Round table: The comparative politics and policy of Covid-19
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA-HP, UNESCO Chair GHE, University of Michigan (USA),   Chair persons: Luís Saboga-Nunes (EUPHA-HP), Elize Fonseca (Brazil)
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented and turbulent mixtures of political, social, economic, and epidemiological forces. In this workshop the participant will be invited to interact & explore with panelists and other participants on how and why some countries have fared worse than other countries in addressing the threat of SARS-CoV-2, and in many cases fared far worse than expected. The objectives of the workshop are twofold: i) how & why different political systems that were put to the test engage and did what they did; ii) how health promotion in this pandemic play its role to ease the burden of populations. As of this writing, the pandemic is far from over. Therefore the added value of organizing this workshop is to help draw the many lessons that might need to be learned in a shared environment. The politics of COVID-19 during the pandemic warrant a multidisciplinary and multinational analysis. This knowledge can be useful as the world continues to fight COVID-19 and is equally important for thinking about other ongoing and future infectious disease pandemics and the role that health promotion can play.
The round table will include 5 presentations intertwined with discussion grouped by geographical regions. The first presentation will launch the discussion on how The European Union Confronted COVID-19. The second will explore findings of the three approaches to handling the COVID-19 crisis in federal countries (e.g. Germany, Austria, and Switzerland). The third presentation will consider how peripheral countries managed their crisis (e.g. Portugal, Spain, and Italy). The fourth will look at how large countries dealt with the complexity of their territory and population diversity (e.g. Russian Federation Government Control during the Epidemic). Finally a theory-driven perspective on social justice and inclusion based on the salutogenesis approach will propose some discussion points as a take home message.
This round table offers a forum for researchers, practitioners and policy-makers interested in policy analysis. By dialogue and two-way communication lively interaction and vivid discussions will be facilitated. This will allow discussing results regarding their benefit for improving policy research, practice, and policy-making, support further synergies, facilitate networking and collaboration, and support international capacity building

Key messages
Although COVID-19 is effectively unprecedented in the modern world, political systems responding to it need to move from hazard mitigating responses to comprehensive health promotion strategies. We need to maximize a salutogenesis approach since historical continuities, as well as novelties in dealing with pandemics are often political arenas of improvisation focusing the disease realm.
Association between children’s food insecurity and a Healthy Eating Index in Portuguese children
Authors: Maia I , Oliveira A , Severo M , Santos AC 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Evidence on the association between children's food insecurity (FI) and a priori-defined dietary patterns is scarce, particularly in Europe. This study assessed the association between children's FI and a diet quality index in a population-based sample of children.

Methods
A cross-sectional study including 2800 children from the 10-year-old follow-up of a Portuguese birth cohort, the Generation XXI study, was performed. Data on food security status, assessed by the Self-administered Food Security Survey Module for Children (SAFSSMC), dietary intake, assessed by a validated FFQ, and socio-demographic characteristics were collected. An adaptation of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was used, by including 7 food groups (fruit and vegetables, dairy products, fish and eggs, meat and meat products, sweet snacks, salty snacks and soft drinks) scored from 1 to 4 according to increasing quartiles of daily consumption. For the last 4 groups, a reverse score was assigned. Scores were summed up (the highest the score, the highest diet quality). Linear and logistic regression models (HEI score and its food groups divided by the sample median) were performed.

Results
The FI prevalence was 9.4%. The median (P25;P75) HEI score was 18.0 (15.0;21.0). Children's FI was inversely associated with diet quality (β=-0.671;95%CI:-1.129;-0.213), independently of maternal education, caregivers' unemployment and child's sex. By using the SAFSSMC raw score, FI increased the odds for lower (below the median) fruit and vegetables intake (OR = 1.069;95%CI:1.002-1.139), and higher intake (above the median) of meat and meat products (OR = 1.075;95%CI:1.011-1.144) and soft drinks (OR = 1.074;95%CI:1.008-1.145), independently of maternal education, caregivers' unemployment, child's sex and the other food groups consumption.

Conclusions
Food insecure children have poorer diet quality, specifically a lower fruit and vegetables consumption, and higher intake of meat and meat products, and soft drinks.

Key messages
FI was reported by 9.4% of children, and poorer diet quality was observed among food insecure children, when compared to food secure ones. Public health interventions targeting food insecure children should be developed to promote healthy dietary habits in the context of populations vulnerable to FI.
Prenatal mental and physical health, behaviours, and maternity care experiences during the COVID-19
Authors: Matvienko-Sikar K , Pope J , Olander E , Leitao S , Meaney S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
During pregnancy, women's mental and physical health, health behaviours, and experiences of maternity care can have significant implications for obstetric, maternal and child outcomes. These factors can be impacted by adverse life-events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim
This study examined pregnant women's mental and physical health, health behaviours, and experiences of maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
An international online survey was conducted in June and July 2020. Pregnant women self-reported levels of general stress, pregnancy-specific stress and COVID-19 related stress. Women also self-reported their mental and physical health, general health behaviours and COVID-19 related health behaviours. Maternity care experiences were reported using closed and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics and thematic analyses were used for quantitative and qualitative data respectively.

Results
573 pregnant women from 15 countries participated. Women reported high levels of pregnancy-specific and COVID-19-related stress, and low levels of mental and physical health, during the pandemic. Women reported distress related to restrictions implemented in their maternity care that limited in-person interactions with healthcare professionals and partner attendance at antenatal appointments. Lack of information on COVID-19 and pregnancy also led to uncertainty for women about pregnancy and birth. Encouragingly, pregnant women reported high levels of adherence to public health advice and healthy prenatal behaviours.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic is having significant adverse effects on the mental and physical health of pregnant women. Population level interventions targeting pregnancy- and pandemic-specific stress are needed to better support the mental and physical health of women during the on-going pandemic and minimise adverse outcomes for women and children.

Key messages
The COVID-19 pandemic is significantly adversely impact the mental and physical health of pregnant women, indicating need for population level interventions for prenatal mental and physical health. Restrictions in maternity care and uncertainty about COVID-19 impacts are key determinant of adverse prenatal physical and mental health outcomes.
Mental health in Swiss university students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zysset A , Dratva J , Volken T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
University students were confronted with abrupt changes by the COVID-19 lock-down in their personal and academic lives. The “Health in Students during the Corona pandemic” study investigated the impact on mental health and health behaviors of Swiss university students.

Methods
April 2020 all students of the Zurich University of Applied Sciences (N = 12,431) were invited to a repeated cross-sectional open cohort survey, participation ranged from T0 20% - T5 13%. Generalized anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSS) and depression (PHQ-9) were investigated with descriptive and multivariate analyses. Latent class analyses (LCA) was applied to identify groups who differed in perception of impact on daily and student life. PHQ-9 results were compared with pre-pandemic data matched for age, sex and education.

Results
At T0 mean age was 26.5 (sd 5.6), 69% were female. Participants were similar across all surveys. LCA yielded three classes of perceived impact: 1 (low, n = 675), 2 (moderate, n = 1098), and 3 (strong, n = 656). At T0 adjusted proportion of moderate to severe anxiety was significantly higher in class 3 (45% (95% CI: 28.0-62.0), compared to 2 (15.5%, 95% CI: 13.1-17.9) and 1 (5.1%, 95% CI: 4.7-5.6). Class 3 showed significantly higher odds of high stress levels (class 3: OR = 28.4; 95% CI: 15.5 - 52.0; p = 0.000; class 2: OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5 - 5.3; p = 0.002) compared to other students. Anxiety and stress levels declined with time. The adjusted prevalence of depressive symptoms in females (30.8% (95% CI: 28.6-33.0)) and males (24.8% (95% CI: 21.7-28.1) was substantially higher than in a matching pre-pandemic national sample of young women (10.9% (95% CI: 8.9-13.2)) and men (8.5% (6.6-11.0)). Depressive symptoms between T0 and T3 did not decline.

Conclusions
Students reported high anxiety, stress and depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Depressive symptoms did not decline with time, indicating a continuing impact on mental health throughout the pandemic.
Training for cultural mediators on mental health - a way to increase mental health literacy?
Authors: Wångdahl J , Åkerman E , Engström K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Many refugees have poor mental health and limited health literacy, which can complicate establishment. In a Swedish EU project, cultural mediators who are working with newly arrived refugees in the community were trained to become study circle leaders in mental health. The aim of this study was to examine what the cultural mediators perceived that they learned through participation in the course.

Methods
Ten individual interviews were conducted with cultural mediators who participated in the course on mental health in the year 2020. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, before they were analysed through thematic analysis.

Preliminary results
Two themes - theoretical and practical knowledge - were found. Theoretical knowledge consisted of three subthemes: 1) In-depth knowledge and increased understanding of mental health, 2) New specific facts knowledge, and 3) How to obtain and assess health information. Practical knowledge consisted of two subthemes: 1) Increased knowledge of practical exercises and methods, and 2) How to assess participants' mood, respond and guide.

Conclusions
Participation in a six-days course on mental health could contribute to increased knowledge, reflection, practical skills and confidence regarding promotion of mental health of newly arrived refugees at group level, i.e. to increased mental health literacy for cultural mediators.

Key messages
Cultural mediators mental health literacy can be increased through training in mental health. Increased knowledge regarding mental health increase cultural mediators' confidence in working with mental health promotion.
COVID-19 workplace impacts - Irish OSH professionals experience and observations
Authors: Buggy C , Chen Y , Roe M , Ingram C , Buttner F , Perrotta C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 has had a significant impact on workers, arising from adaptations to control measures and consequent behaviour changes that minimise disease spread in the workplace. From an occupational safety & health (OSH) perspective, understanding how adaptations and behaviour changes have impacted workers is relevant to how organisations can preserve the health of their workers when adapting to future health emergencies.

Methods
Semi-structured qualitative focus groups were conducted during April/May 2021. Participants were Irish OSH practitioners. Participants volunteered from industrial sectors (public & private) as defined by the Central Statistics Office. Participants (n = 60) partook in one of sixteen, two-hour focus groups (4-6 participants per focus group) with each comprising four themes for discussion: organisational preparedness; organisational impacts; worker impacts; and the future of OSH. Thematic analyses were performed using NVivo.

Results
Most participants started developing adaptation measures in February/March 2020. Organisations with an international presence started developing adaptation measures earlier. As OSH professionals, most participants felt personally prepared for the challenges induced by the pandemic but did not anticipate the impact it had on their workload. Nearly all participants indicated that isolation, loneliness, fear, and anxiety had a negative impact on their co-workers' mental health. Many OSH practitioners indicated that their co-workers had responded well to the pandemic, and that positive behaviour changes and new adaptation measures had been sustained from the first wave through the third wave of the pandemic in Ireland.

Conclusions
Workplace mental health evaluations and worker wellbeing initiatives must be prioritised post-pandemic. OSH will need to re-evaluate its relationship with organisational human resources in the future.

Key messages
Irish OSH practitioners responded well to the challenge presented by COVID-19 to protect their co-workers and maintain organisational continuity. COVID-19 has had a negative impact on the mental health of Irish workers as they respond to preserve their organisation’s operations. This will need to be addressed by organisations post-pandemic.
Research capacity strengthening in health and care delivery through housing for chronic diseases
Authors: Hernandez-Garcia E , Chrysikou E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
From all buildings, houses are where we spent most of our lives. The impact of housing conditions on health was evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the 2018 Astana Declaration placing integrated delivery of primary health care and public health services across all sectors, a framework that explores health and care in relation to housing remains unexplored. The aim was to determine relevant evidence gaps to building capacity in supportive housing-health care research about chronic diseases and multimorbidity, identify ongoing strains and offer potential solutions.

Methods
An integrative review was conducted through multiple systematic searches in electronic databases. We employed an interdisciplinary approach integrating several research fields -built environment, clinical and human physiology, environmental health, and public health and health care services- around chronic illness and multimorbidity to understand the depth and scope of linkages. Inductive content analysis was used to describe emerging domains from evidence meeting inclusion criteria.

Results
We defined a multifaceted framework with priority eight building blocks for action: 1) expanding capacity for chronic care model into the primary care setting; 2) scaling up environmental determinants to cover residential spaces; 3) implementing acute methodologies for indoor environment risk assessment; 4) increasing clinical research applicability into built environment studies; 5) recognizing chronic conditions-promoting inflammation physiology; 6) qualifying reliable surrogate disease biomarkers in human monitoring; 7) enforcing technologies for new forms of outpatient care; and 8) renewing evidence-based healthcare design.

Conclusions
Future research needs to prioritise articulating these emerging insights through systematic, translational and multisectoral approaches to strengthen health and care delivery through housing design solutions for people living with chronic morbidity.

Key messages
Integrating the evidence-based design in future interventions may promote transformative changes in housing and public health programmes engaging primary healthcare services for chronic patients. This eco-biopsychosocial supportive framework informs practice to advance research capacity development in enabling health-conducive environments across various levels of care and health promotion.
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with Multiple Sclerosis in the Lazio region, Italy
Authors: Acampora A , Cascini S , Calandrini E , Agabiti N , Davoli M , Bargagli AM 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients might represent a vulnerable population to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to several factors, including the immunosuppressive or immunomodulating disease-modifying therapies (DMT) they use and the young age that expose them to a high number of contacts. This study aimed to estimate incidence of SARS-Cov-2 infection in a cohort of MS patients living in the Lazio region and to identify the risk factors for the infection.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed based on regional health administrative databases linked to the new integrated surveillance system of SARS-CoV-2 infection. MS patients residing in Lazio region and aged ≥18 years on 31 December 2019 were enrolled and followed-up to 31 March 2021. Age- and gender-standardised incidence ratios (SIR) was calculated to compare the infection rate of MS cases with that of the regional general population. A large number of socio-demographic and clinical variables were explored as potential risk factors using a multivariable logistic regression model.

Results
In the Lazio region lived 10,248 individuals affected by MS (mean age 49.2±12.9; 32.2% males; 67.8% females). During the follow-up period the overall incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.0% (n = 510), 5.2% and 4.8% among males and females, respectively. An overall SIR of 0.92 (95%CI 0.84-1.00) was estimated, and 0.97 (95%CI 0.83-1.12) and 0.89 (95%CI 0.80-0.99) for males and females, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression model identified the use of antidiabetic drugs as unique predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 1.69; 95%CI 1.19-2.40). No association with any DMT was observed.

Conclusions
No difference was observed in the incidence of SARS CoV-2 infection in MS patients compared with the general population. DMT does not seem to affect the risk of infection, while the higher incidence in individuals using antidiabetics could reflect the higher prevalence of diabetic population in infected people.

Key messages
This study supports previous research suggesting that the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in MS population does not seem to be higher than that in the general population. Disease Modifying Therapy at the moment of infection does not appear to affect the risk of became infected from SARS-CoV-2.
Evidence Synthesis to support the public health response during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ryan M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
In January 2020, the Irish National Public Health Emergency Team (NPHET) for COVID-19 was established. NPHET oversees and provides national direction, guidance, support and expert advice on the development and implementation of strategies to contain COVID-19 in Ireland. Since March 2020, HIQA's COVID-19 Evidence Synthesis Team has provided research evidence to support the work of NPHET and associated groups and inform the development of national public health guidance. From September 2020, as part of the move towards a sustainable response to the public health emergency, HIQA also provides evidence based advice in response to requests from NPHET. The advice provided to NPHET is informed by research evidence developed by HIQA's COVID-19 Evidence Synthesis Team and with expert input from HIQA's COVID-19 Expert Advisory Group.

Methods
This presentation describes the establishment and organisation of the COVID-19 Evidence Synthesis Team, with an overview of the processes and methodological approaches involved. The role of HIQA's COVID-19 Evidence Synthesis Team in informing the public health response during the COVID-19 pandemic is discussed, along with the challenges and opportunities this presents. The relevance now and for future pandemic preparedness is outlined.

Results
As of 19 April 2021, HIQA has produced, and in some instances has regularly updated, 25 evidence summaries, 11 advice documents, 9 reviews of international guidance, 3 scoping reports, 5 reviews of care pathways, 2 analyses/models and 2 databases.

Conclusions
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, HIQA has developed and implemented a process to ensure rapid access to the best available evidence relevant to the COVID-19 outbreak to inform decision-making at each stage of the pandemic.