bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Productive Mean Active? The Behavior of Occasional and Serial Academic Inventors in Patenting Processes
Authors: Lewensohn Danielle , Sjögren Ebba , Sundberg Carl Johan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Previous literature has attributed differences in individuals’ inventive productivity to a range of environmental, organizational and individual traits. However, the behavior of individuals with different inventive productivity has not been empirically explored in detail. Based on interviews with twenty Swedish academic inventors of diverse patenting experience, this paper analyses how serial and occasional inventors acted in patent initiation, patent application and subsequent patent management for specific inventions. Two modes of behavior are identified: passive and active. Individuals’ inventive productivity was not aligned with behavioral mode, with both modes of behavior exhibited by occasional as well as serial academic inventors. Individual academic inventors also varied in mode of behavior across different patent processes. These findings suggest that commonly used volume-based classifications of academic inventors obscure potentially relevant behavioral differences. This insight has implications for contemporary policy and organizational practice. It also highlights the need for further investigation of when academic inventors assume an active or passive mode of behavior in processes of academic commercialization.
The Twenty-Four Egyptian Days in Yiddish
Authors: Isserles Justine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The object of this study is a list of twenty-four Egyptian days in Yiddish discovered at the end of a Hebrew miscellany from medieval Ashkenaz, preserved in the Basel Universitätsbibliothek. Egyptian days are inauspicious days for bloodletting; these are listed according to the Julian calendar and sometimes identified by saint names and feast days. The list is edited and translated into English. Dates and variants of these Egyptian days are then compared with those of the only other known list of its kind, found in the earliest dated astro-medical fragment in Old Western Yiddish, from 1396–1397. A tabular comparison and descriptive commentary of the names and dates in both lists follows. Preceding this analysis, the status and knowledge of Jewish physicians in medieval Ashkenaz is addressed, as well as a brief description of Ms R IV 2, revealing its rich content and some of its codicological and paleographical characteristics.
Conflicting effects of haemolysis on plasma sodium and chloride are due to different haemolysis study protocols: A case for standardisation
Authors: Kalaria Tejas , Gill Henry , Sharrod-Cole Hayley , Ford Clare , Gama Rousseau 
Published: November 2021

Background Haemolysis has been reported as having a positive, negative or no effect on plasma sodium (PNa) and chloride (PCl). We investigated the haemoltytic effect of different haemolysis protocols on PNa and PCl using modelling and laboratory experiments. Methods In a modelling experiment, percentage change and recovery due to dilution in routinely ( in vitro) haemolysed samples were compared against shear stress haemolysis and samples spiked with haemolysate from whole blood freeze–thaw, packed cells freeze–thaw and osmotic shock protocols. The results were compared against a control base pool. Additionally, for the osmotic shock method, results were compared against saline- and deionised water (DIW)-spiked controls. In a laboratory experiment, percentage change and recovery were similarly compared using haemolysate from whole blood freeze–thaw and osmotic shock protocols. PNa, PCl and H-index were measured on the Abbott Architect and haemoglobin on the Sysmex XN-9000. Results In the modelling experiment, the percentage decrease in PNa and PCl was similar in in vitro haemolysis, shear stress haemolysis, whole blood freeze–thaw haemolysis and packed cells freeze–thaw haemolysis and this was lower compared to the osmotic shock method. In the laboratory experiment, the change in PNa compared to the base pool was less ( p < 0.001) per unit increase in H-index in the freeze–thaw method (−0.33 mmol, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.31) compared to the osmotic shock method (−0.65 mmol, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.64). PCl did not change with haemolysis in the freeze–thaw method and changed by −0.21 ± 0.01 mmol per unit increase in the H-index in the osmotic shock method. Recovery of PNa and PCl increased with increasing H-index in both methods. Conclusion The osmotic shock protocol is inappropriate for haemolysis studies because of dilution with DIW used for cell lysis. Recovery calculations may incorrectly compensate for genuine dilution caused by haemolysis.
The Impact of Gamification and Individual Differences on Second Language Learning Among First-Year Female University Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almufareh Maram 
Published: November 2021

Background The Technology-Enhanced Training Effectiveness Model (TETEM) has been used to assess the effectiveness of various technology-driven solutions in improving students’ outcomes in multiple academic fields. However, limited research is available on the use of TETEM in the context of second language learning. Using a modified TETEM, this study seeks first, to assess the direct effects of students’ attitudes and experiences with video gaming on their achievement; and second, to evaluate the effects of students’ attitudes and experiences that are mediated by their motivation. Methods This study was conducted among preparatory year students at Al-Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. Students were randomly assigned to the technology-enhanced group (Duolingo® + workbook) or the control group (classroom workbook group). We started by comparing student performance between the two groups to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Subsequently, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to establish homogenous latent variables for experience, attitude, and motivation. Finally, we used structural equation models to evaluate the presence of direct and mediated effects. Results Students in the Duolingo® + workbook group scored higher on reading, grammar, vocabulary, and writing compared to the workbook group. Positive attitude toward video gaming had both a direct and mediating positive correlation with student achievement. Additionally, motivation toward ESL learning was independently and positively correlated with student achievement. As expected, the technology-enhanced group performed better in reading, grammar, and vocabulary while the control group showed more participation and timely completion of assignments. Conclusion Technology enhancement improves students’ performance for ESL, however, adequate integration of technology in the course curriculum is needed to minimize interference with class participation. Positive attitudes toward video games and motivation toward ESL learning are positive predictors of student achievement while experience with video games has no significant effect.
Effects of regular exercise on intraocular pressure
Authors: Yeak Dieu Siang Justin , Mohamed Mohd Nahar Azmi Bin , Mohd Ramli Norlina Binti , Zahari Mimiwati Binti 
Published: November 2021

Background Exercise may potentially provide an adjunctive measure to help control intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. However, currently, there is still no substantial evidence that regular exercise can produce a prolonged effect of intraocular pressure reduction. We aim to determine the effects of regular exercise on intraocular pressure in healthy individuals. Methods We conducted a prospective, interventional study at the University of Malaya Medical Centre. Our subjects consist of 45 healthy participants in the intervention arm, and 38 healthy control participants who were age- and gender-matched. The intervention arm was enrolled into a supervised exercise programme for a 6-week period, where controls were asked to continue their usual daily lifestyle. The intervention consists of three sessions every week, which focused on aerobic exercise and strength training. Results Baseline intraocular pressure was measured, and then remeasured again at the end of 6 weeks of exercise conditioning. In the intervention group, there was a reduction of baseline intraocular pressure from pre-intervention mean intraocular pressure of 15.55 ± 2.63 mmHg, down to 13.36 ± 3.16 mmHg at 6 weeks, a statistically significant reduction of −2.18 ± 2.25 mmHg ( p < 0.001) post-intervention. On the other hand, the control group recorded a non-statistically significant mean increase of 0.63 ± 2.47 mmHg ( p = 0.123) at 6 weeks. Conclusions Our study concluded that regular exercise results in a significant intraocular pressure reduction in healthy individuals.
Bruch's membrane opening – minimum rim width measurement after acute primary angle-closure
Authors: Ayub Gabriel , Costa Vital Paulino , de Vasconcellos José Paulo Cabral 
Published: November 2021

Purpose To evaluate Bruch's membrane opening – minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) following an acute primary angle-closure attack (APAC). Materials and methods Nine consecutive patients with unilateral APAC were included. Patients with a bilateral attack, with signs of glaucomatous optic nerve damage or evidence of a previous APAC in either eye were excluded. Three months after the attack, all eyes underwent BMO-MRW and RNFLT measurements with SDOCT. APAC eyes were compared to the contralateral eyes. Results Three months after the attack, mean BMO-MRWs were 281.22 ± 56.88 μm and 313.78 ± 43.48 μm ( P = 0.009) and mean RNFLTs were 78 ± 15.36 μm vs 95.78 ± 10.81 μm ( P = 0.008) in the APAC and contralateral eyes, respectively. RNFLT and BMO-MRW measurements had a strong positive correlation ( R = 0.7436, P = 0.013). APAC eyes had a shorter axial length (21.85 ± 1.21 vs 22 ± 1.07, P = 0.042) and shallower anterior chamber depth (2.29 ± 0.21 vs 2.41 ± 0.12, P = 0.039) than contralateral eyes. IOP at presentation showed a strong negative correlation with both BMO-MRW ( R = −0.7669, P = 0.009) and RNFLT measurements ( R = −0.7723, P = 0.008). Conclusion BMO-MRW and RNFLT measurements are significantly reduced 3 months after an APAC when compared to the contralateral eye. IOP at presentation may have an impact on the reduction of these parameters.
Wide-field optical coherence tomography imaging in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Muftuoglu Ilkay Kilic , Kalra Gagan , Rasheed Mohammed Abdul , Cagini Carlo , Gujar Ramkailash , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Singh Sumit Randhir , Lupidi Marco , Chhablani Jay 
Published: November 2021

Purpose To report the individual retinal layer thicknesses up to mid-equator in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Retinal layers were segmented using a custom designed semi-automated algorithm, where reference points were marked by the examiner to enable software to automatically compute the thickness values of each retinal sublayer at an interval of 1 mm from reference points. The values of individual retinal thicknesses in eyes with varying severity of DR were compared with the values of healthy subjects. Generalized estimating equation was performed to compensate for inclusion of both eyes of patients. Results A total of 64 patients (119 eyes) with a mean age of 68.97  ±  10.27 years were included. Overall, ganglion cell layer (GCL)/ inner plexiform layer (IPL) complex (-31.67 microns, p < 0.001), outer plexiform layer (-6.78 microns, p = 0.002) and photoreceptor layer (-22.90 microns, p < 0.001) showed significant thinning, while outer nuclear layer thickening ( + 68.19 microns, <0.001) was noted in eyes with DM compared to healthy subjects. Thickness changes were significantly more in the macular segment compared to nasal and temporal segments. GCL/ IPL complex and photoreceptor layers were found to be significantly thin in all grades of DR. Conclusion Retinal thicknesses vary significantly in patients with diabetic retinopathy and understanding patterns of these changes across different segments of the wide field OCT may help better elucidate the natural progression of the disease in terms of retinal anatomy.
Socio-demographic characteristics and psychopathological assessment in a sample of 13 paediatric patients with functional neurological disorders: A preliminary report
Authors: Paleari Vittoria , Nisticò Veronica , Nardocci Nardo , Canevini Maria Paola , Priori Alberto , Gambini Orsola , Zorzi Giovanna , Demartini Benedetta 
Published: November 2021

This observational study aims to characterize, from a socio-demographic and psychopathological perspective, a sample of children with Functional Neurological Disorders (FND). Thirteen paediatric patients (below 18 years old) with FND and their parents completed a battery of anamnestic and neuropsychological tests, assessing socio-demographic status, cognitive level, behavioural and emotional issues, depression, anxiety, alexithymic traits and dissociative symptoms. Five patients presented movement disorders (tremor, myoclonus and gait disorder), three patients psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and five patients sensitivity disturbances (pain, anaesthesia and paraesthesia). Cognitive profile was normal in 11 patients; academic performance was good in nine patients, but three had a diagnosis of Specific Learning Difficulty or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Precipitating events occurred in 11 patients. At the self-report questionnaires, mean scores close to the clinical cut off were documented with respect to affective and somatic problems. At the parent-report questionnaires, clinically significant mean scores were observed in the subscales assessing anxious–depressive symptoms and somatic complaints. We speculate that paediatric FND patients, although acknowledging the relevance of somatic symptoms, have difficulties in recognizing internal emotional states (that, instead, are easily recognized by their parents). The case of one FND patient was described. These preliminary data might help identifying different clinical phenotypes of paediatric FND.
Getting the best GRIP on blood pressure control: Investigating a cost-effective isometric handgrip alternative
Authors: Richards Jared J , van Wyk Paula M , Wood Cayla N , Shea Logan P , Swaine Ian , Levy Phillip , Crawley Jamie , Milne Kevin J , McGowan Cheri LM 
Published: November 2021

Objectives The World Health Organization emphasises the need for cost-effective alternative methods to lower blood pressure (BP). Endorsed nationally in HTN guidelines, isometric handgrip (IHG) training is an alternative method of BP control. The purpose of this study was to compare the BP, heart rate (HR) and rates of perceived exertion (RPE) responses between a bout of IHG training performed using the traditional computerized device and a more affordable, inflatable stress ball. Methods Twenty healthy adults performed one bout (4, 2-min isometric contractions, with 1-min rests between each contraction at 30% maximal voluntary contraction) of IHG training using the traditional computerized device, and one bout with the inflatable stress ball. BP, HR, and RPE were recorded. Results No statistically significant differences between devices were observed with HR, BP, and RPE ( p < 0.05). However, average RPE for both devices ranged between 5 and 6 indicating that participants were rating 30% of their MVC, consistent with previous work. Discussion The similar cardiovascular and psychophysical responses provide support for the potential use of this low individual- and provider-burden, cost-efficient IHG device, and lay the foundation for a future training study to test the hypothesis of benefit.
Profiling of potential pulmonary fungal pathogens and the prevalence of the association between pulmonary tuberculosis and potential fungal pathogens in presumptive tuberculosis patients referred to Saint Peter’s Specialized Tuberculosis Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Bitew Adane , Bati Solomon 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The burden of pulmonary fungal infection is increasing and often misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis in developing countries where the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis is high. |Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the spectrum of potential pulmonary fungal pathogens and the prevalence of the association between pulmonary tuberculosis and potential fungal pathogens. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2018 and May 2019. Sputum was collected from 636 study participants. Part of the sputum was inoculated onto Brain Heart Infusion agar, and fungi were identified following standard microbiological procedures. The remaining part of the sample was used for the investigation of pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: Among 636 sputum samples, 75.9% (483) and 25.6% (163) were positive for potential fungal pathogens and pulmonary tuberculosis, respectively. The prevalence of the association between pulmonary tuberculosis and potential fungal pathogens was 20.0%. Of fungal isolates, 81.4% were yeasts. The remaining 128 (18.6%) isolates were molds. The isolation rate of fungi was higher in males (51.6%) than in females (48.4%). There was no statistically significant association between the prevalence of potential pulmonary fungal pathogens and sex ( p = 0.239). Patients in the age group of 35 to 44 and above were slightly more affected than younger age groups. The association between potential fungal pathogens and age was not statistically significant ( p = 0.50). Conclusion: High prevalence of potential pulmonary fungal pathogens and the association of tuberculosis and potential fungal pathogens recorded in this study will enforce health personnel to pay due attention to these conditions and arise the interest of researchers to conduct further work on the burden of the association between tuberculosis and potential fungal pathogens. Our study also revealed the need to employ conventional microbiology tests along with clinical and radiological evidence since clinical manifestations and radiological pictures of tuberculosis mimic that of pulmonary fungal infection.
Comparison of durability of treated wood using stake tests and survival analysis
Authors: Momohara Ikuo , Sakai Haruko , Kubo Yuji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe stake test is widely used to evaluate the efficacy of wood preservatives. This test monitors the deterioration level observed in treated stakes partially inserted into the ground. The results are conventionally expressed as the relationship between deterioration levels and exposure periods. The preservative efficacy is compared among the stake groups treated with different retention levels based on the test results; however, there is no scientific basis for the comparison. We applied survival analysis to the conventional stake test to include a scientific basis to the test. Stakes impregnated with different types and retention levels of preservatives were subjected to deterioration at two test sites for approximately 30 years. The deterioration levels were monitored according to the conventional procedure and survival analysis was applied to the monitored data. Kaplan–Meier plots of the survival probabilities against the exposure periods indicated that there is a significant difference between the durability of the stakes treated with alkylammonium chloride (AAC-1) at K2 and K3 retention levels, whereas no significant difference was observed between those at K3 and K4 retention levels. Contrastingly, emulsified copper naphthenate (NCU-E) was found to be a reliable preservative, and the stakes impregnated with NCU-E showed a significant increase in durability in accordance with preservative retention. Alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ-1) also appeared to be a reliable preservative; however, the increase in stake durability after ACQ-1 treatment differed between the test sites. These results were verified using the modified Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test with Holm’s p adjusting method.
Safety findings from CENTURION, a phase 3 consistency study of lasmiditan for the acute treatment of migraine
Authors: Tassorelli C , Bragg S , Krege JH , Doty EG , Ardayfio PA , Ruff D , Dowsett SA , Schwedt T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Lasmiditan (LTN) is a selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist for the acute treatment of migraine in adults. We present detailed safety findings from the placebo-controlled, double-blind Phase 3 study, of LTN treatment across 4 attacks (CENTURION).

Methods
Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to LTN 200 mg (LTN200), LTN100, or a control group that received placebo for 3 attacks and LTN50 for either the 3rd or 4th attack (1:1). Safety analyses were conducted for patients who took ≥1 dose of study drug and, in some cases, those who took all 4 doses.

Results
Overall, 1471 patients treated 4494 attacks. The incidences of treatment-emergent serious adverse events (SAEs) were - placebo, n=2 (0.4 %); LTN100, n=1 (0.2 %); LTN200, n=2 (0.4 %); no specific treatment-emergent SAE was reported in more than one patient. The most common treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) with lasmiditan were dizziness, paresthesia, fatigue, nausea, vertigo, and somnolence; the vast majority were mild or moderate in severity. The incidences of these TEAEs were highest during the first attack and decreased during subsequent attacks. For patients who experienced a common TEAE with the first attack, less than 45 % experienced the same event in subsequent attacks. Patients who did not experience an event in the 1st attack infrequently experienced the same event in subsequent attacks.
The time of onset of the common TEAE ranged from ~40 min to 1 h (dependent upon TEAE) and, for individual TEAE, the onset was similar across attacks. Duration was dependent upon TEAE and attack. It was shortest for paresthesia (< 2 h for all attacks); it ranged from 1.8 to 5.5 h for other common TEAEs and was generally similar across attacks.
Serotonin syndrome was reported for 2 patients post LTN dosing; there were no meaningful differences across treatment groups in suicidality; there was no evidence of an increase in motor vehicle accidents.

Conclusion
In this blinded, controlled, multiple-attack study, LTN was associated with generally mild or moderate CNS-related TEAEs of short duration. TEAEs tended to decrease in frequency across the 4 attacks.

Trial registration
NCT03670810