bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Risk Factors For Sepsis And Indicators of Prognosis In Patients With Sepsis: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Wang Huifeng , Zhao Zhiling , Tong Zhao-hui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the independent risk factors for sepsis and the prognostic indicators of sepsis-related mortality to guide clinical practice.Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with sepsis in the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU), emergency ICU (EICU), and surgical ICU (SICU) of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2016 to April 2021 were enrolled. Comorbidities, complications, and laboratory indicators were retrospectively analyzed. Variables with a p value < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the independent risk factors for sepsis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used for those variables with P < 0.05 in multivariate regression to evaluate the fit of the predictive model and its prognostic efficacy. Results: A total of 123 adult patients with sepsis were enrolled, with 80 males and 43 females and a mean age of 61.56 ± 17.12 years. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurred in 84 patients (68.3%), acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 28 patients (22.8%), acute myocardial injury (AMI) occurred in 6 patients (4.9%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurred in 14 patients (11.4%), septic shock occurred in 40 patients (32.5%), and 41 patients (33.3%) died. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mean arterial pressure (MAP), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, albumin level, and the presence of DIC were independent risk factors for sepsis (P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve for the model including MAP, albumin, and APACHE II score was the highest at 0.890.Conclusion: The MAP, APACHE II score, albumin level, and DIC were independent risk factors for sepsis. The inclusion of the MAP, albumin level, and APACHE II score in the model yielded the most accurate prediction of the risk of mortality.
Redistributive Effects of Health Care Out-of-Pocket Payments in Cameroon
Authors: Ntembe Augustin Ntembe , Tawah Regina , Faux Elkanah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The bulk of health care financing in Cameroon is derived from out-of-pocket payments. Given that poverty is pervasive with a third of the population living below the poverty line, health care financing from out-of-pocket payments is likely to have redistributive and equity effects. Out-of-pocket payments on health care limit the ability of households to afford non-healthcare goods and services.Method: The study uses data from the 2014 Cameroon Household Survey to estimate the Kwakwani index for analyzing tax progressivity and the model developed by Aronson, Johnson, and Lambert (1994) to measure the redistributive effect of out-of-pocket payments for health care. The estimated indexes measure the extent of the progressivity of health care payments and the reranking that results from the payments.Results: The results indicate that out-of-pocket payments for health care in Cameroon in 2014 represented a significant share of household prepayment income. The estimates also show that the redistributive effect is positive implying that health care payments are weakly progressive and will weakly enhance equity and post-payment reranking is low. Conclusion: The study concludes that out-of-pocket payments on health care in Cameroon are progressive (income redistributive effect = 0.00144). A positive redistributive effect suggests that out-of-pocket payments on health care exert an equalizing effect on the distribution of post-payment incomes. However, the existence of some horizontal inequity and re-ranking implying that people in the same income band are treated unequally depending on the burden of ill-health.
Caregivers’ Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children Against Childhood Diseases and Human Papillomavirus: a Cross-sectional Study on Vaccine Hesitancy in Malawi
Authors: Adeyanju Gbadebo Collins , Sprengholz Philipp , Betsch Cornelia , Essoh Tene-Alima 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background: Vaccines are among the most effective and cost-efficient public health interventions for promoting child health. However, uptake is considerably affected by vaccine hesitancy. Malawi has experienced a decline in second vaccine doses and has the highest cervical cancer incidence and mortality rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding vaccine hesitancy is especially important when new vaccines are introduced. This study explores factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy for routine childhood immunization and the human papillomavirus vaccine in Malawi. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional survey design to target caregivers of children under five years of age and adolescent girls. The sample population was derived using three inclusion criteria: one district with low vaccine uptake (Dowa), one district with high vaccine uptake (Salima), and one district where human papillomavirus vaccine was piloted earlier (Zomba). A convenience sample of one primary and one secondary health facility was selected within each district, and participants were systematically included (N = 600). Multiple regression analyses were performed to explore vaccination intention predictors.Results: Confidence in vaccine safety was the strongest predictor of routine childhood immunization, followed by constraints due to everyday stress. The participants had lower confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy when they believed rumors and misinformation and were unemployed. Confidence was higher for those who had more trust in healthcare workers. Age, gender, religion, education, employment, belief in rumors, and trust in healthcare workers were considered predictors of vaccination intention. A husband’s positive attitude (approval) increased childhood vaccination intention. For human papillomavirus, vaccination intentions were higher for those with lower education, more trust in healthcare workers, lower complacency, and a lower tendency toward calculating the benefits and costs of vaccination. Knowledge of human papillomavirus did not increase vaccination intention, but a husband’s approval did. Being a younger adult and being unemployed increased belief in rumors, while trust in healthcare workers reduced it. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the drivers of vaccine hesitancy across different contexts in Malawi. However, further studies are necessary to understand low risk perception among elderly people and the declining trend in second vaccine doses.
Preliminary Evaluation of QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 and QIAreach Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total Test in Recently Vaccinated Individuals
Authors: Jaganathan Soumya , Stieber Francis , Rao Sonia N. , Nikolayevskyy Vladyslav , Manissero Davide , Allen Nadia , Boyle Jeff , Howard Jenny 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: There is an increasing body of evidence surrounding the importance of a T-cell mediated response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and after COVID-19 vaccination. In this internal feasibility study, we evaluated both the total antibody (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and T-cell responses in a cohort of COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinated individuals.Methods: Whole blood specimens were collected weekly from 12 subjects at different timepoints within/after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccination regimen and from 4 PCR-confirmed convalescent donors to measure durability of humoral and cell-mediated immune response. T-cell and Antibody responses were evaluated via the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 Research Use Only (QFN SARS-CoV-2) assay which is an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and QIAreach Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total (Anti-CoV-2) Test, respectively.Results: In a cohort of recently vaccinated individuals, subjects demonstrated robust total antibody and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines when followed for 2 months post 2nd dose. In most individuals, T-cell response declined between 1st and 2nd dose suggesting need for booster or completion of the 2-dose vaccine series. In a group of convalescent donors tested with QFN SARS-CoV-2 and Anti-CoV-2 tests, all patients had an antibody and T-cell response up to 1 year after natural infection.Conclusion: This small feasibility study demonstrates that QFN-SARS-CoV-2 test is able to identify CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell mediated responses in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated subjects and those recovered from COVID-19, alongside a qualitative antibody response detectable via the QIAreach Anti-CoV2 Test.
Hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy for green future
Authors: Yousef Samy 
Published: June 2021

Hydrogen is the most abundant gas in the universe and is classified by the World Energy Organization as the cleanest fuel in the world compared to other energy products. Therefore, the hope hangs upon it in achieving the zero fuel emissions strategy, which adopted by the largest countries in the world. Also, it is believed that by 2050, hydrogen consumption will represent 24 % of the global energy sector, with investments estimated at 2.5 trillion dollars, compared to only 139 billion dollars at present. There are three types of hydrogen (gray, blue and green) classified based on their production methods and carbon content. Gray hydrogen is usually produced by burning natural gas at high temperatures and once the carbon is removed or captured, the gray hydrogen turns into blue hydrogen. As for green hydrogen with zero emissions, it is produced through the electrolysis of water or by using renewable energy sources such as solar cell, wind energy, etc. to avoid any emissions during the production stages. Despite the efficiency of green hydrogen compared to other types, its price remains a major obstacle in the promotion and marketing, which is estimated at 3.5 Euro/kg, compared to 1.5 Euro/kg for blue hydrogen. In addition to some other obstacles related to infrastructure and raw materials used in the production stages. Recently, and in order to remove all these obstacles, the leading countries in the energy sector pumped more investments to study all these obstacles and assess the current hydrogen market, which in turn leads to the acceleration of the upscaling of hydrogen production. In this context, this research was developed to study all these current and future challenges. In addition to discussing the traditional and modern methods of its production. Besides taking a look at the projects under implementation in this regard.
Dynamic simulation of inner flow in a photovoltaic pump based on Simulink and CFD
Authors: Wu Xianfang , Ye Heyu , Tan Minggao , Liu Houlin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To study the internal flow characteristics of the photovoltaic pump under the transient change of solar radiation, the simulation algorithm of the photovoltaic pump system was established by MATLAB/Simulink and CFD for the first time and the results were validated by the test. Firstly, the change rule of pump flow rate and rotation speed under transient solar radiation was obtained by Simulink. Then the results of the change rule were transformed into the boundary condition of CFD by CEL function and the transient flow field in the photovoltaic pump was obtained. The internal flow characteristics and pressure pulsation in the pump were analyzed when the solar radiation increases or decreases transiently. The results demonstrate that the numerical calculation can provide accurate prediction for the characteristics of internal flow in the pump. The numerical results are closed to the experimental results, the minimum error of pressure is 0.93% and the maximum error is 1.78%. When the solar radiation increases transiently, the low pressure area at the impeller inlet gets larger obviously and the jet-wake at the impeller outlet becomes more obvious. The pressure pulsation in the impeller gradually increases and becomes stable after 0.6 s. The pressure from the impeller outlet to the guide vane outlet is stable at 123 kPa. When the solar radiation decreases transiently, the pressure in the impeller takes 1.6 s to be stable. Larger pressure pulsation occurs from the impeller outlet to the guide vane inlet and the maximum differential pressure is 10 kPa. Compared with the transient increase of solar radiation, the pressure in the impeller takes over 0.2 s to stabilize when the solar radiation transient decreases. Meanwhile, the results in this paper can provide references for other transient characteristics research.
SEMG Based Recognition of Hand Motions for Lower Limb Prostheses
Authors: Rajput Keerti , Veer Karan 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
On multiple muscle locations, surface electromyography (sEMG) signals were
recorded to predict the effect of different hand movements.

Background:
Myoelectric information is a non-stationary signal, so extracting correct features is
important to boost any myoelectric control devices' performance. Myoelectric signal is an electrical
activity recorded by a surface electrode at various movements of the muscles.

Objective:
The study presented pattern recognition classification methods to select an excellent
algorithm for controlling the SEMG signal.

Method:
Various time domain and frequency domain parameters were extracted prior to conducting
the classifier test.

Result:
For the evaluation of the results for the recorded data (of all six movements), confusion
matrix for neural network, support vector machine (SVM), DT, and linear discriminant analysis
(LDA) classifiers is presented.

Conclusion:
This present study will be a step ahead in analyzing different problems for developing
lower limb prosthesis.
Magic Shotgun Nature with Scattergun Approach of Curcumin Repurposing in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Novel Metaphysician of Drug Discovery
Authors: Mishra Rahul Kumar , Mishra Ashutosh , Gupta Amresh 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an intricate, debilitating neuropsychiatric
disorder. Exclusively, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective
agents used for the treatment of OCD. However, SSRIs are not a magic pill-they do not respond adequately
to everybody. In this consideration, a single drug target (magic bullet) is only a slightly superior
option for all patients with a lot of pathognomonic signs.

Objective:
The principal aim of the current study was to check the potential contribution of repurposing
of magic shotgun nature of curcumin (rhizomes of Curcuma longa) with scattergun approach-
proceeding a pioneer ‘fine-tune’ for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Method:
Swiss albino mice (male 20 to 25 gram) were grouped into different groups (n = 6) used
for the MBB (marble-burying behaviour) and MA (motor activity) test as a model for evaluation of
anti-compulsive activity (Anti-OCD). Ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa (EECL-10, 15, 25, 40
mg/kg), or SSRI (fluoxetine 5, 10, 15 mg/kg) followed by pre-treated with either sub effective dose
of fluoxetine attenuated MBB without effected the MA, or neurotoxin p-chlorophenyl alanine induced
compulsive behavior and specific 5-HT receptors agonists/ antagonist, intraperitoneally revealed
neuromodulation.

Results:
EECL (40 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the MBB. Although, during treatments, none of
the above had any critical impact on MA. p < 0.05 was considered significant in every case.

Conclusion:
Multiple drug-target interactions with multifarious biogenic receptors, supervene unexpected
side effects followed by the repurposing of wanted effects (scattergun effect) were
evoked by curcumin treatment. Finally, the study shows that EECL (curcumin) has anti-compulsive
activity, which is mediated by neuromodulation with 5-HT receptors.
Isolation, Detection, and Estimation of Various Amylase Producing
Bacteria in Various Soil Samples
Authors: Mir M. Amin , Ashraf Mohammad Waqar , Hussain Altaf , Mir Bilal Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Soil is an ultimate source of all types of nutrients, which have both biological
and non-biological importance. Studies are being carried out to isolate the various type of micro-
organism from soil which has much more importance. So in the present study, amylase-producing
bacteria have been isolated from various soil samples.

Aim:
The isolation, identification, and estimation of various microbial strains for α-amylase enzyme
production and then the inhibition of the growth of these microbial stains.

Methods:
The bacterial strains were isolated and then identified by various microbiological methods,
including Gram’s staining method followed by several biochemical methods such as litmus
test, Gelatin test and Urea agar media, and by viable cells.

Results:
Altogether, three microbial strains were identified from the soil samples in the concerned
study. The concerned strains include- Shigella, Proteus and Bacillus, respectively. The concerned
microbial strains were then analyzed for the amount of amylase enzyme, and it had been found that
Bacillus sp produce much more amount of amylase followed by Shigella sp, and lesser amylase enzyme-
producing activity was found in Proteus sp. The isolated bacteria were then analysed for inhibition
of their growth by water and ethanolic extracts of Cuminum cyminuni. Among the extracts, it
had been found that water extracts exhibited more inhibiting capacity than ethanolic extracts. The
study also revealed that among the bacterial strains, the Shigella sp got much more affected by the
concerned plant extracts followed by Proteus sp and the least inhibition was observed against the
Bacillus sp.

Conclusion:
As per the above study, it is being concluded that - three amylase-producing bacteria
viz Shigella, proteus, bacillus sp were isolated from the soil samples. These isolated microbial
strains could be used for the decomposition of cholesterol levels in humans in addition to other microbial
activity. These isolated bacterial could sometimes be averse, so their growth could be
stopped by various biological and chemical substances like Gentamicin and by various Plant extracts
viz, Cuminum cyminuni Plant.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor masquerading as an anterior choroidal artery fusiform aneurysm
Authors: Malnik Samuel Louis , Moor Rachel Freedman , Shin David , Laurent Dimitri , Trejo-Lopez Jorge , Dodd William , Yachnis Anthony , Ghiaseddin Ashley P. , Fox W. Christopher , Roper Steven 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare, poorly understood tumor that has been found to occur in almost every organ tissue. Its location within the central nervous system is uncommon, and patients tend to present with nonspecific symptoms.

Case Description:
A female in her eighth decade presented to neurosurgery clinic with complaints of headache and dizziness. Initial imaging was consistent with a low-grade, benign brain lesion in the region of the left choroidal fissure. She was recommended for observation but returned 1 month later with progressive symptoms and doubling of the lesion size. She underwent surgical resection and was found to have an IMT arising from the wall of the left anterior choroidal artery.

Conclusion:
Intracranial IMT remains a rare and poorly understood entity. The present case demonstrates a novel presentation of IMT in an adult patient and exemplifies the heterogeneity of the disease presentation.
PELO RETORNO À ÁFRICA: MEMÓRIAS SOBRE PAI ADÃO EM TERRITÓRIOS TRANSATLÂNTICOS (RECIFE, 1877-1936)
Authors: Halley Bruno Maia 
Published: June 2021

Felipe Sabino da Costa, o Adão, nasceu em 1877, no engenho Itaguary, na Madalena, arredores do Recife, onde passou a mocidade. Filho de um escravo, casou com Maria da Hora Ananias e teve cinco filhos. Por razões religiosas circulou entre o Recife, Salvador e Maceió. Também foi Ã África para atualizar seus saberes. Passou anos em Lagos até desentender-se com sua parentela islâmica e rumar para a região central da África. De regresso ao Brasil, instalara-se em Água Fria, na Catimbolândia - maior concentração de xangôs entre as cidades do Recife e de Olinda, no começo do século XX, com mais de 35 casas de culto. Em 1919, assume a liderança do terreiro Ilê Axé Obá Ogunté, após a morte da ialorixá Tia Inês, exercendo sua trajetória de babalorixá até 1936 quando ocorre sua morte. As veredas e lugares do carismático Pai Adão (ou Adamaci - seu nome muçulmano), seus “retornos Ã África” por territórios transatlânticos no Nordeste do Brasil e em Lagos, suas redes de relações e tramas de poder são resgatadas no artigo ora descrito, apreendendo os marcos biográficos do afrorreligioso como memórias contextualizadas num período de profundas mudanças políticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais no Brasil.
minimalismo absurdo na animação Morte e Vida Severina de Afonso Serpa
Authors: Silva Daniel Ferreira da 
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho analisa a estética minimalista do Teatro do Absurdo empregada para transformar a peça-poemaÂ Morte e Vida SeverinaÂ em animação cinematográfica 3D. Nesse sentido, analisa-se a produção de umaÂ mise-en-scèneÂ marcada, audiovisualmente, por um existencialismo essencial e universal. O enfoque esteve em elementos sonoros e cores monocromáticas que universalizam o sertão através do sentimento de espanto, da sensação de Â silêncio Â e Â vazio Â e de Â uma Â monotonia Â existencial. Â A Â partir Â dessas Â percepções Â mais universais, discutimos como a estética minimalista universal, oriunda do Teatro do Absurdo, se atualiza no cartunismo xilográfico de Serpa. Analisamos ainda como essa técnica, oriunda do Nordeste brasileiro, ajuda a retratar a complexidade e a sofisticação da tragédia humana, em um mundo pós-conflito. A tragédia humana, por sua vez, se atualiza em diferentes eventos históricos, épocas e sociedades. Neste trabalho, vemos o sertanejo Severino se tornar um homem universal, vivenciando no sertão a sua trágica versão de um mundo absurdo.
Unequal Inclusion
Authors: Storino Fabio , Senne Fábio , Portilho Luciana , Barbosa Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

Purpose ”“ The paper aims at assessing the evolution of the digital divide in Brazil in the last decade from a multidimensional perspective, going beyond the issue of access. How have the inequalities in the use of Internet in Brazil varied through time?
Methodology ”“ The paper investigates the relationship between individual socioeconomic characteristics and household characteristics, and the pattern of Internet access and use in Brazil using multivariate analysis, drawing on data from national ICT surveys between the years 2000 and 2019.
Findings ”“ The results show that increasing access do not necessarily result in a more equitable adoption and use of available online resources. They highlight a persistent “digital elite” capable of a more sophisticated use of the Internet. The maintenance ”” and even the increase ”” of differences in the use of Internet is in line with part of the literature on digital inclusion.
Practical Implications ”“ The study underscores the importance of developing methodological frameworks to better measure the digital divide, allowing it to be used as the independent variable in broader analyses of income inequality and access to public services, for instance. Additionally, the persistence of a "second level digital divide" in Brazil points to the need for policies that address the "digital skills gap" enabling the realization of the Internet's potential to ease social disparities.
Originality ”“ Despite the existing literature on the relationship between online inequalities and other kinds of inequalities, there are still few empirical studies, especially with a multidimensional perspective.