bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Alumina Scale Growth at 900 °C for a Ni- and Cr-Free Co-Base Model Alloy with γ/γ’-Microstructure: Synergistic Effects by Combining Shot-Peening and Halogenation
Authors: Hagen S. P. , Beck K. , Kubacka D. , Zschau H.-E. , Galetz M. C. , Spiecker E. , Virtanen S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe oxidation resistance of novelγ/γ’-strengthened Co-base superalloys is clearly outmatched by their Ni-base counterparts within the high-temperature regime. Therefore, surface modification strategies to foster protective alumina growth seem auspicious. This study elucidates the impact of fluorination and shot-peening on protective alumina formation at 900 °C for a quaternary Co-base model alloy (Co-Al-W-Ta system) which is well known for an exceptionally low inherent oxidation resistance. Time-resolved isothermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in synthetic air, detailed electron microscopic analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. For polished samples, no pronounced enhancement of oxidation resistance could be obtained by halogenation. However, in case of shot-peened samples (halogen-free), an increased tendency for alumina formation is found compared to polished surfaces. The very early stages of oxidation were identified to be especially crucial with respect to sustainable protective scale growth. Most noteworthy is the observation of a strong synergistic effect derived by a combination of halogenation and shot-peening, leading to significantly increased oxidation resistance.
Scaling Down Large-Scale Thawing of Monoclonal Antibody Solutions: 3D Temperature Profiles, Changes in Concentration, and Density Gradients
Authors: Bluemel Oliver , Buecheler Jakob W. , Hauptmann Astrid , Hoelzl Georg , Bechtold-Peters Karoline , Friess Wolfgang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Scale-down devices (SDD) are designed to simulate large-scale thawing of protein drug substance, but require only a fraction of the material. To evaluate the performance of a new SDD that aims to predict thawing in large-scale 2 L bottles, we characterised 3D temperature profiles and changes in concentration and density in comparison to 125 mL and 2 L bottles. Differences in diffusion between a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and histidine buffer after thawing were examined.

Methods
Temperature profiles at six distinct positions were recorded with type T thermocouples. Size-exclusion chromatography allowed quantification of mAb and histidine. Polysorbate 80 was quantified using a fluorescent dye assay. In addition, the solution’s density at different locations in bottles and the SDD was identified.

Results
The temperature profiles in the SDD and the large-scale 2 L bottle during thawing were similar. Significant concentration gradients were detected in the 2 L bottle leading to marked density gradients. The SDD slightly overestimated the dilution in the top region and the maximum concentrations at the bottom. Fast diffusion resulted in rapid equilibration of histidine.

Conclusion
The innovative SDD allows a realistic characterisation and helps to understand thawing processes of mAb solutions in large-scale 2 L bottles. Only a fraction of material is needed to gain insights into the thawing behaviour that is associated with several possible detrimental limitations.
Cooling out als objektivierende Subjektivierung. Zum Umgang mit Enttäuschung und Misserfolg im Spitzensport
Authors: Brümmer Kristina 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich auf der Basis einer ethnografischen Studie zu Fußballtraining mit der Verarbeitung von Enttäuschung und erlebtem Misserfolg in Spielanalysen des Spitzenteamsports. Dazu wird auf praxissoziologische und subjektivierungstheoretische Zugänge sowie Goffmans Theorem des Cooling out rekurriert, um Spielanalysen als soziale Praktiken zu perspektivieren. Indem sich Trainer und Spieler in diesen Analysen gegenseitig zu einem professionellen Umgang mit Enttäuschung und Misserfolg anhalten, subjektivieren sie sich zu „mitspielfähigen“ Teilnehmern des sozialen Feldes. Wichtiges Element der Analysepraktiken sind Videoaufzeichnungen, die die Rückwendung der Teilnehmer auf Spiele vermitteln und als Medien der Objektivierung spielerischer Leistungen fungieren. Wie der Artikel zeigt, werden vergangene Spielereignisse in den videovermittelten Analysepraktiken keineswegs nur anhand vorhandener, eindeutiger Kriterien von Erfolg und Misserfolg oder Leistung und Nicht-Leistung verarbeitet. Vielmehr wird der spezifische Wert einer Leistung in den Praktiken überhaupt erst festgelegt. Die Kategorien Erfolg und Leistung werden damit als Ergebnisse machtvoller Zuschreibungen und umstrittener Bewertungen erkennbar, in deren Verlauf auch die „cooler“- und „mark“-Positionen im Sinne Goffmans zur Disposition stehen. Der Artikel schließt mit einem Plädoyer für weitere soziologische Forschungen zum häufig unterschätzten Problem des Enttäuschungs‑, Misserfolgs- und Konfliktmanagements im Kontext kompetitiver Teamkollaboration im Spitzensport und darüber hinaus.
Führen und Entscheiden unter Unsicherheit
Authors: von Ameln Falko 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ gibt einen Überblick über die Herausforderungen des Führens und Entscheiden unter Unsicherheit. Diese Herausforderungen werden am Beispiel des deutschen Corona-Managements illustriert und auf Problemlagen in organisationalen Entscheidungsprozessen bezogen. Der Text verfolgt vorrangig den Anspruch, Dilemmata des Entscheidens in einer Kombination organisationspsychologischer und organisationssoziologischer Perspektiven herauszuarbeiten und vor dem Hintergrund sozialer Kontextbedingungen aufzuschließen, gibt aber auch Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung einer Organisations- und Führungskultur, die den Anforderungen des Entscheidens unter Unsicherheit Rechnung trägt.
Is the RAND-36 an Adequate Patient-reported Outcome Measure to Assess Health-related Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery?
Authors: de Vries Claire E. E. , Makarawung Dennis J. S. , Monpellier Valerie M. , Janssen Ignace M. C. , de Castro Steve M. M. , van Veen Ruben N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The RAND-36 is the most frequently used patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in bariatric surgery. However, the RAND-36 has never been adequately validated in bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was to validate the RAND-36 in Dutch patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Material and Methods
To validate the RAND-36, the following measurement properties were assessed in bariatric surgery patients: validity (the degree to which the RAND-36 measures what it purports to measure (HRQoL)), reliability (the extent to which the scores of the RAND-36 are the same for repeated measurement for patients who have not changed in HRQoL), responsiveness (the ability of the RAND-36 to detect changes in HRQoL over time).

Results
Two thousand one hundred thirty-seven patients were included. Validity was not adequate due to the irrelevance of some items and response options, the lack of items relevant to patients undergoing bariatric surgery, and the RAND-36 did not actually measure what it was intended to measure in this study (HRQoL in bariatric surgery patients). Reliability was insufficient for the majority of the scales (the scores of patients who had not changed in HRQoL were different when the RAND was completed a second time (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values 0.10–0.69)). Responsiveness was insufficient.

Conclusion
The RAND-36 was not supported by sufficient validation evidence in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, which means that the RAND-36 does not adequately measure HRQoL in this patient population. Future research studies should use PROMs that are specifically designed for assessing HRQoL in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Graphical abstract
Quorum sensing regulation methods and their effects on biofilm in biological waste treatment systems: A review
Authors: Sun Zhuqiu , Xi Jinying , Yang Chunping , Cong Wenjie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in microbial aggregation control. Recently, the optimization of biological waste treatment systems by QS regulation gained an increasing attention. The effects of QS regulation on treatment performances and biofilm were frequently investigated. To understand the state of art of QS regulation, this review summarizes the methods of QS enhancement and QS inhibition in biological waste treatment systems. Typical QS enhancement methods include adding exogenous QS molecules, adding QS accelerants and cultivating QS bacteria, while typical QS inhibition methods include additions of quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria, QS-degrading enzymes, QS-degrading oxidants, and QS inhibitors. The specific improvements after applying these QS regulation methods in different treatment systems are concluded. In addition, the effects of QS regulation methods on biofilm in biological waste treatment systems are reviewed in terms of biofilm formation, extracellular polymeric substances production, microbial viability, and microbial community. In the end, the knowledge gaps in current researches are analyzed, and the requirements for future study are suggested.
Tiny Houses als Symbole von Selbstverwirklichung und Solidarität auf der Prämisse von Selbstaktivierung
Authors: Finzi Jan , Kuhnt Janine 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungAuf der Grundlage einer Analyse der Selbstpräsentation von Akteuren der Tiny-House-Bewegung, können Tiny Houses einerseits als symbolisierte Selbstverwirklichung eines Milieus, das ressourcenbedingt eine (eigene) Norm des Wohnens konstituiert, verstanden werden und andererseits als Ausdruck von Solidarität mit von Wohnungsnot Betroffenen, die aus der Selbstaktivierung einer engagierten und solidarischen Zivilgesellschaft hervorgeht. Sowohl das ressourcenbedingte Setzen einer Norm des Wohnens auf kleinstem Raum als auch die Solidaritätsleistung engagierter Personen – mit und für von Wohnungsnot Betroffenen – verdeutlichen, dass Engagement zur Linderung von Wohnungsnot (durch Tiny Houses) voraussetzungsvoll und an die Selbstaktivierungskräfte zivilgesellschaftlicher Akteur*innen gebunden ist.
New functionalism and the social and behavioral sciences
Authors: Beck Lukas , Grayot James D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFunctionalism about kinds is still the dominant style of thought in the special sciences, like economics, psychology, and biology. Generally construed, functionalism is the view that states or processes can be individuated based on what role they play rather than what they are constituted of or realized by. Recently, Weiskopf (2011a, 2011b) has posited a reformulation of functionalism on the model-based approach to explanation. We refer to this reformulation as ‘new functionalism’. In this paper, we seek to defend new functionalism and to recast it in light of the concrete explanatory aims of the special sciences. In particular, we argue that the assessment of the explanatory legitimacy of a functional kind needs to take into account the explanatory purpose of the model in which the functional kind is employed. We aim at demonstrating this by appealing to model-based explanations from the social and behavioral sciences. Specifically, we focus on preferences and signals as functional kinds. Our argument is intended to have the double impact of deflecting criticisms against new functionalism from the perspective of mechanistic decomposition while also expanding the scope of new functionalism to encompass the social and behavioral sciences.
Trade and Resource Sustainability with Asset Markets
Authors: Karp Larry , Rezai Armon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrade changes incentives to protect an open-access natural resource independently of its effect on the resource price. General equilibrium linkages cause resource policy to affect the price of privately owned assets regardless of whether they are used in the resource sector. In the closed economy, the asset market in our overlapping generations setting creates incentives for currently living agents to protect the natural resource. The interplay of the asset market and general equilibrium effects causes trade to reverse these incentives. Trade liberalization and the establishment of formal property rights are policy complements: the former makes the latter more important.
Between uncertainty and hope: Young leaders as agents of change in sustainable small-scale fisheries
Authors: Espinoza-Tenorio Alejandro , Ehuan-Noh Romana Gabriela , Cuevas-Gómez Gabriela Alejandra , Narchi Nemer E. , Ramos-Muñoz Dora Elia , Fernández-Rivera Melo Francisco J. , Saldívar-Moreno Antonio , Zepeda-Domínguez José Alberto , Pérez-Jiménez Juan Carlos , Oliveto-Andrade Alma , Torre Jorge 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe path to sustainable small-scale fisheries (SSF) is based on multiple learning processes that must transcend generational changes. To understand young leaders from communities with sustainable SSF management practices in Mexico, we used in-depth interviews to identify their shared motivations and perceptions for accepting their fishing heritage. These possible future decision-makers act as agents of change due to their organizational and technological abilities. However, young people are currently at a crossroads. Many inherited a passion for the sea and want to improve and diversify the fishing sector, yet young leaders do not want to accept a legacy of complicated socioenvironmental conditions that can limit their futures. These future leaders are especially concerned by the uncertainty caused by climate change. If fishing and generational change are not valued in planning processes, the continuity of fisheries, the success of conservation actions, and the lifestyles of young fishers will remain uncertain.

Graphical abstract
Cultivating Moral Attention: a Virtue-Oriented Approach to Responsible Data Science in Healthcare
Authors: Ratti Emanuele , Graves Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the past few years, the ethical ramifications of AI technologies (in particular data science) have been at the center of intense debates. Considerable attention has been devoted to understanding how a morally responsible practice of data science can be promoted and which values have to shape it. In this context, ethics and moral responsibility have been mainly conceptualized as compliance to widely shared principles. However, several scholars have highlighted the limitations of such a principled approach. Drawing from microethics and the virtue theory tradition, in this paper, we formulate a different approach to ethics in data science which is based on a different conception of “being ethical” and, ultimately, of what it means to promote a morally responsible data science. First, we develop the idea that, rather than only compliance, ethical decision-making consists in using certain moral abilities (e.g., virtues), which are cultivated by practicing and exercising them in the data science process. An aspect of virtue development that we discuss here is moral attention, which is the ability of data scientists to identify the ethical relevance of their own technical decisions in data science activities. Next, by elaborating on the capability approach, we define a technical act as ethically relevant when it impacts one or more of the basic human capabilities of data subjects. Therefore, rather than “applying ethics” (which can be mindless), data scientists should cultivate ethics as a form of reflection on how technical choices and ethical impacts shape one another. Finally, we show how this microethical framework concretely works, by dissecting the ethical dimension of the technical procedures involved in data understanding and preparation of electronic health records.
Drug-induced thrombocytopenia associated with trastuzumab in a patient with HER2-positive recurrent gastric cancer
Authors: Takano Yuko , Furune Satoshi , Miyai Yuki , Morita Sachi , Inoue Megumi , Shimokata Tomoya , Sugishita Mihoko , Mitsuma Ayako , Maeda Osamu , Ando Yuichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHere, we report a 57-year-old female patient with HER2-positive recurrent gastric cancer who experienced drug-induced thrombocytopenia associated with trastuzumab, a humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. Shortly after the initiation of S-1, oxaliplatin, and trastuzumab chemotherapy, the patient experienced severe thrombocytopenia and did not respond to platelet transfusions. Based on the findings of increased numbers of polynuclear megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and an elevated level of platelet-associated IgG (PA-IgG), the patient was diagnosed with drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DITP). The platelet count recovered rapidly with oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg). Since we initially suspected oxaliplatin as the causal agent, S-1 was restarted as a monotherapy, followed by trastuzumab after a 3-week interval, without oxaliplatin. On the second day after the addition of trastuzumab, severe thrombocytopenia occurred again, which suggests that trastuzumab was responsible for the DITP. The patient no longer experienced severe thrombocytopenia during the subsequent S-1 and oxaliplatin chemotherapy, which supports this hypothesis.
Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf Anzahl und Dauer der von ambulanten Pflegediensten erbrachten Pflegeberatungen nach § 37 Abs. 3 SGB XI in Bayern
Authors: Hallensleben Jörg , Wöhler Claudia 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundAls Reaktion auf die COVID-19-Pandemie hat der deutsche Gesetzgeber die Rahmenbedingungen für die Pflegeberatung nach § 37 Abs. 3 SGB XI geändert. Die hauptsächlich durch ambulante Pflegedienste erbrachte Pflegeberatung muss (befristet bis zum 31.12.2021) nicht mehr in der Häuslichkeit der Pflegebedürftigen erfolgen, sondern ist auch per Telefon oder online möglich. In 2020 war zudem die bestehende Verpflichtung zur Inanspruchnahme einer Pflegeberatung für Pflegegeldbeziehende für einige Monate ausgesetzt.ZielBeschrieben wird der Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf Anzahl und Dauer der von ambulanten Pflegediensten erbrachten Pflegeberatungen nach § 37 Abs. 3 SGB XI. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Frage, wie sich die Aussetzung der Beratungsverpflichtung auf die Inanspruchnahme von Pflegeberatungen ausgewirkt hat.MethodeSekundäranalyse von über 43.000 Datensätzen der BARMER Pflegekasse in Bayern, die ursprünglich zum Zwecke der Abrechnung gesammelt und gespeichert wurden. Auswertung in erster Linie mittels Zeitreihenanalysen und anderer deskriptiver Statistiken. Zusätzlich wurde die Korrelation zwischen der wöchentlichen Anzahl der Pflegeberatungen und den dem Robert Koch-Institut gemeldeten COVID-19-Fälle in Bayern ermittelt.ErgebnisseEnde März bis Mitte April 2020 verringerte sich die Zahl der Beratungen gegenüber Februar 2020 um fast 80 %. Für diesen Einbruch der Beratungszahlen war die Sorge vor einer Ansteckung mit SARS-CoV-2 entscheidend. Ermöglicht wurde der Rückgang aber zusätzlich durch die am 27.03.2020 beschlossene Aussetzung der Beratungspflicht. Die Aussetzung der Beratungspflicht allein hat in Bayern zu einem Rückgang zwischen 44 und 49 % geführt. Die vorliegenden Daten zeigen ferner, dass telefonische Pflegeberatungen im Durchschnitt kürzer sind als Präsenzberatungen.SchlussfolgerungenDie vorliegenden Daten deuten darauf hin, dass nur rund die Hälfte der Pflegeberatungen von Pflegebedürftigen in Anspruch genommen würde, wenn die in § 37 Abs. 3 verankerte Beratungsverpflichtung dauerhaft wegfiele. Außerdem enthalten sie Hinweise darauf, dass Beratungen bei einer Abrechnung nach Zeit im Durchschnitt kürzer sind als bei einer Abrechnung mittels Einsatzpauschalen.
Chile’s New Constitution: What Right to Health?
Authors: Arenas Catalán Eduardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChile is a country crossed by economic inequalities. The constitutional process has opened a space to problematize the institutions that reproduce these inequalities. This paper joins into this discussion arguing that a nuanced focus on the right of access to healthcare under international law would fit the future Constitution better. I label this focus ‘nuanced’, in reaction to international law’s limited ability to address justice claims located at the core of Chile’s social and constitutional discontent. I argue that the right to health under international law is unlikely to address the problem of unequal enjoyment of healthcare services. The paper argues that a better approach would be to integrate a solidaristic understanding to this human right. The added value of solidarity translates in a more substantive conceptualization of social rights where they become at the service of the liberty of all. Through a critical discussion about the inception of the right to health under Chile’s current Constitution, the paper shows the limitations of today’s understanding and the underlying reasons for the transformation it proposes.
Rule of Law and Political Representation
Authors: Bello Hutt Donald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow do the rule of law and political representation relate to each other? I answer this question, hitherto neglected by rule-of-law scholars, taking my cue from Joseph Raz’s revision of his conception of the rule of law and by relying on a distinction between preferences and interests, which pervades discussions of political representation. I argue that political representatives’ attention to their constituents’ preferences, and not just their interests, is a necessary feature of a conception of representation that expresses a robust allegiance to the rule of law. More specifically, that such allegiance is better honoured when representatives are responsive to preferences warranted by public interests. I offer two groups of rule-of-law reasons for that claim. First, because respect for preferences by representatives facilitates the conditions for the law to be obeyed. Second, respect for those preferences through the justification of the representatives’ collective decisions allows for accountability and for non-arbitrary creation and application of the law. I finish addressing a threefold objection to my reliance on preferences as objects that representatives should consider when making their decisions.