bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating regulators of astrocytic Ca2+ signaling via multi‐threshold event detection (MTED)
Authors: Müller Franziska E. , Cherkas Volodymyr , Stopper Gebhard , Caudal Laura C. , Stopper Laura , Kirchhoff Frank , Henneberger Christian , Ponimaskin Evgeni G. , Zeug Andre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent achievements in indicator optimization and imaging techniques promote the advancement of functional imaging to decipher complex signaling processes in living cells, such as Ca2+ activity patterns. Astrocytes are important regulators of the brain network and well known for their highly complex morphology and spontaneous Ca2+ activity. However, the astrocyte community is lacking standardized methods to analyze and interpret Ca2+ activity recordings, hindering global comparisons. Here, we present a biophysically‐based analytical concept for deciphering the complex spatio‐temporal changes of Ca2+ biosensor fluorescence for understanding the underlying signaling mechanisms. We developed a pixel‐based multi‐threshold event detection (MTED) analysis of multidimensional data, which accounts for signal strength as an additional signaling dimension and provides the experimenter with a comprehensive toolbox for a differentiated and in‐depth characterization of fluorescence signals. MTED was validated by analyzing astrocytic Ca2+ activity across Ca2+ indicators, imaging setups, and model systems from primary cell culture to awake, head‐fixed mice. We identified extended Ca2+ activity at 25°C compared to 37°C physiological body temperature and dissected how neuronal activity shapes long‐lasting astrocytic Ca2+ activity. Our MTED strategy, as a parameter‐free approach, is easily transferrable to other fluorescent indicators and biosensors and embraces the additional dimensionality of signaling activity strength. It will also advance the definition of standardized procedures and parameters to improve comparability of research data and reports.
Accounting for symptom heterogeneity can improve neuroimaging models of antidepressant response after electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Wade Benjamin S. C. , Hellemann Gerhard , Espinoza Randall T. , Woods Roger P. , Joshi Shantanu H. , Redlich Ronny , Dannlowski Udo , Jorgensen Anders , Abbott Christopher C. , Oltedal Leif , Narr Katherine L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDepression symptom heterogeneity limits the identifiability of treatment‐response biomarkers. Whether improvement along dimensions of depressive symptoms relates to separable neural networks remains poorly understood. We build on work describing three latent symptom dimensions within the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and use data‐driven methods to relate multivariate patterns of patient clinical, demographic, and brain structural changes over electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to dimensional changes in depressive symptoms. We included 110 ECT patients from Global ECT‐MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) sites who underwent structural MRI and HDRS assessments before and after treatment. Cross validated random forest regression models predicted change along symptom dimensions. HDRS symptoms clustered into dimensions of somatic disturbances (SoD), core mood and anhedonia (CMA), and insomnia. The coefficient of determination between predicted and actual changes were 22%, 39%, and 39% (all p < .01) for SoD, CMA, and insomnia, respectively. CMA and insomnia change were predicted more accurately than HDRS‐6 and HDRS‐17 changes (p < .05). Pretreatment symptoms, body‐mass index, and age were important predictors. Important imaging predictors included the right transverse temporal gyrus and left frontal pole for the SoD dimension; right transverse temporal gyrus and right rostral middle frontal gyrus for the CMA dimension; and right superior parietal lobule and left accumbens for the insomnia dimension. Our findings support that recovery along depressive symptom dimensions is predicted more accurately than HDRS total scores and are related to unique and overlapping patterns of clinical and demographic data and volumetric changes in brain regions related to depression and near ECT electrodes.
Racial/ethnic disparities in wait‐list outcomes are only partly explained by socioeconomic deprivation among children awaiting liver transplantation
Authors: Wadhwani Sharad I. , Ge Jin , Gottlieb Laura , Lyles Courtney , Beck Andrew F. , Bucuvalas John , Neuhaus John , Kotagal Uma , Lai Jennifer C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Racial/ethnic minority children have worse liver transplant (LT) outcomes. We evaluated whether neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation affected associations between race/ethnicity and wait‐list mortality.

Approach and Results
We included children (age <18) listed 2005–2015 in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. We categorized patients as non‐Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic, and other. We matched patient ZIP codes to a neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation index (range, 0–1; higher values indicate worse deprivation). Primary outcomes were wait‐list mortality, defined as death/delisting for too sick, and receipt of living donor liver transplant (LDLT). Competing risk analyses modeled the association between race/ethnicity and wait‐list mortality, with deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) and LDLT as competing risks, and race/ethnicity and LDLT, with wait‐list mortality and DDLT as competing risks. Of 7716 children, 17% and 24% identified as Black and Hispanic, respectively. Compared to White children, Black and Hispanic children had increased unadjusted hazard of wait‐list mortality (subhazard ratio [sHR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.18, 1.75 and sHR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.25, 1.76, respectively). After adjusting for neighborhood deprivation, insurance, and listing laboratory Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease/Pediatric End‐Stage Liver Disease, Black and Hispanic children did not have increased hazard of wait‐list mortality (sHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.91, 1.39 and sHR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.47, respectively). Similarly, Black and Hispanic children had a decreased likelihood of LDLT (sHR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45, 0.75 and sHR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.49, 0.75, respectively). Adjustment attenuated the effect of Black and Hispanic race/ethnicity on likelihood of LDLT (sHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.60, 1.02 and sHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.70, 1.11, respectively).

Conclusions
Household and neighborhood socioeconomic factors and disease severity at wait‐list entry help explain racial/ethnic disparities for children awaiting transplant. A nuanced understanding of how social adversity contributes to wait‐list outcomes may inform strategies to improve outcomes.
Recovery and outcomes of patients denied early liver transplantation for severe alcohol‐associated hepatitis
Authors: Musto Jessica , Stanfield Dylan , Ley Dana , Lucey Michael R. , Eickhoff Jens , Rice John P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and aims
Liver transplantation (LT) in alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) remains controversial, in part because spontaneous recovery (SR) can occur. There is a paucity of data on SR in patients with severe AH who undergo LT evaluation. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with SR and survival in patients with severe AH who undergo LT evaluation.

Approach and results
This is a retrospective study of ALD patients with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) >25 and <90 days abstinence who underwent LT evaluation at a single center between 2012 and 2018. One hundred forty‐four patients (median age, 45.5 years; 68.1% male) were included. Forty‐nine (34%) underwent LT and 95 (66%) patients did not undergo LT, and of those, 34 (23.6%) experienced SR. Factors associated with recovery were younger age (OR, 0.92; p = 0.004), lower index international normalized ratio (INR; 0.31; p = 0.03), and lower peak MELD (OR, 0.83; p = 0.02). Only 7 patients (20.6%) achieved a compensated state with a MELD <15 and absence of therapy for ascites or HE. Survival was improved in patients who underwent early LT when compared to SR. Survival was impaired in SR following relapse to alcohol use when compared to SR patients who abstained and LT recipients. Among all 6‐month survivors of AH, alcohol use trended toward an association with mortality (HR, 2.05; p = 0.17), but only LT was associated with decreased mortality risk (HR, 0.20; p = 0.005).

Conclusions
SR from AH after LT evaluation is associated with age, index INR, and lower peak MELD. Most recovered patients continue to experience end‐stage complications. LT is the only factor associated with lower mortality.
Genome‐wide association of individual vulnerability with alcohol‐associated liver disease: A Korean genome and epidemiology study
Authors: Kim Kwang Yoon , Kim Jung Oh , Kim Young‐Sang , Choi Ja‐Eun , Park Jae‐Min , Han Kunhee , Park Da‐Hyun , Park Yon Chul , Kim Bom Taeck , Hong Kyung‐Won 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and aims
The quantity of alcohol leading to alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) varies individually. Genetic backgrounds contributing to the divergence in individual susceptibility to alcohol‐induced liver damage have not been elucidated in detail.

Approach and results
Based on the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Health Examination (KoGES_HEXA) cohort data, 21,919 participants (40‐79 years old) were included and divided into cases and controls based on the ALD diagnostic criteria proposed by the American College of Gastroenterology. Data generated by a genome wide‐association study were analyzed using logistic regression to assess the risk of ALD development in nondrinkers, light drinkers, and heavy drinkers. We detected three loci, gamma‐glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), zinc protein finger 827 (ZNF827) and HNF1 homeobox A (HNF1A), which were significantly associated with ALD risk. The GGT1 rs2006227 minor allele was strongly associated with all groups. Among the minor alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HNF1A, rs1183910 had the strongest association with a protective effect from ALD in light drinkers. However, this association was not observed in heavy drinkers. Five SNPs on chromosome 11 showed suggestive significance in protective effects against ALD.

Conclusions
SNPs, including HNF1A rs1183910 minor allele, are the most promising genetic candidates for protection against ALD. The expression of genes contributing to ALD development may be altered by the amount of alcohol consumed.
Nonlinear usual convection flow of couple stress micropolar nanofluids over isothermal sphere with non‐Fourier's heat and non‐Fick's mass fluxes under high classify slip states
Authors: Zemedu Chaluma , Ibrahim Wubshet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe goal of this study is to examine the influences of couple stress, the ratio of buoyancy forces, and thermal and solutal relaxation time constraints on two state line sheet flow of nonlinear movement flow of couple stress micropolar nanofluid past the isothermal ball. The mathematical modeling for the flow problem has been made with appropriate likeness change with nondimensional variables. The goal of nonlinear state line value problems were implied in combined high classifies nonlinear ordinary degree of difference equations. The equations were calculated by using the technique bvp4c from Matlab software for numerous quantities of main constraints. Influences of constraints on velocities, thermal, and solutal profiles are displayed from side to side of the charts. The junction test has been continued; for spots larger than apposite web spots, the meticulousness is not affected. Moreover, a comparison with previous papers reachable in the literature has been reported as well as an excellent agreement is presented. The results show that enhancing thermal relaxation time parameter Fo agree to reduce micro‐inertia density that improve velocity profile f'(η), temperature distribution , Nusselt number −θ'(η) and Sherwood number −, and reduce concentration distribution , coefficient of skin friction and wall couple stress and respectively.
A mathematical simulation of unsteady MHD Casson nanofluid flow subject to the influence of chemical reaction over a stretching surface: Buongiorno's model
Authors: Makkar Vinita , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, unsteady boundary layer flow with Casson nanofluid within the sight of chemical reaction toward a stretching sheet has been analyzed mathematically. The fundamental motivation behind the present examination is to research the influence of different fluid parameters, in particular, Casson fluid , thermophoresis , magnetohydrodynamic , Brownian movement , Prandtl numberty, unsteadiness parameter , chemical reaction parameter , and Schmidt number on nanoparticle concentration, temperature, and velocity distribution. The shooting procedure has been adopted to solve transformed equations with the assistance of Runge–Kutta Fehlberg technique. The impact of different controlling fluid parameters on flow, heat, and mass transportation are depicted in tabular form and are shown graphically. Additionally, values of skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are depicted via tables. Present consequences of the investigation for Nusselt number are related with existing results in writing by taking and where results are finding by utilization of MATLAB programming. Findings of current research help in controlling the rate of heat and mass aspects to make the desired quality of final product aiding manufacturing companies and industrial areas.
Scrutinization of entropy on MHD Eyring–Powell C71500–Ti6Al4V nanoparticles suspended in a C2H6O2−H2O hybrid base fluid with heat generation
Authors: Roja A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicroporous channels are extensively elaborated technologies in a variety of engineering, and scientific applications, for example, microelectromechanical systems that are useful in developing the heat exchangers in miniaturized products such as heat sinks of the microchannel, micromixtures, and fuel cells of miniaturized products. Hybrid nanofluids have a better thermal performance as compared to the nanofluid. Based on this, the present study aims to concentrate on the magnetohydrodynamics Powell–Eyring hybrid nanofluid flow in a vertical porous channel with the aspects of porous medium, magnetism, convective condition, dissipation energy, heat generation, and radiation. A nondimensional technique is applied to alter the governing equations into a nonlinear system of ordinary differential ones that contain the convective boundary condition. The RKF 4–5th order method coupled with the shooting method has been utilized to find the numerical solution. From the perspective of numerical results, it is clear that the entropy generation boosts up for Grashof number, Biot number, and radiation parameter and it is the minimum for magnetism, Darcy number, and Eyring–Powell parameters. The comparison of results has been performed and it provides an excellent agreement.
Management of persistent occiput posterior position: The added value of manual rotation
Authors: Bertholdt Charline , Piffer Alexandre , Pol Hélène , Morel Olivier , Guerby Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the delivery rate in the occiput posterior position according to the result of manual rotation performed in the case of persistent occiput posterior position. Secondary objectives were perinatal outcomes.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study conducted in two French tertiary care units. All women with a singleton pregnancy after 37 weeks of gestation with a fetus in persistent occiput posterior position and an attempt of manual rotation were included. The main outcome was the occiput position at delivery. The secondary outcomes were duration of labor, mode of delivery, and perineal tears. Two groups were compared according to the result of manual rotation.ResultsIn total, 460 women were included, with a manual rotation success of 62.4%. The success was significantly associated with a decrease in occiput posterior position at vaginal delivery (1.4% vs 57.2%, P < 0.0001), cesarean (0.7% vs 17.9%, P < 0.0001), operative vaginal delivery (40.1% vs 78%, P < 0.0001), episiotomy (40.1% vs 54.9%, P < 0.0001), and obstetric anal sphincter injury (3.1% vs 8.7%, P = 0.008) compared with a failure.ConclusionAn attempt of manual rotation in the case of persistent occiput posterior position is associated with decreased rates of occiput posterior position at delivery, operative delivery, and anal sphincter injuries.
Generation of bone grafts using cryopreserved mesenchymal stromal cells and macroporous collagen‐nanohydroxyapatite cryogels
Authors: Rogulska Olena Y. , Trufanova Nataliya A. , Petrenko Yuriy A. , Repin Nikolay V. , Grischuk Victor P. , Ashukina Nataliya O. , Bondarenko Stanislav Y. , Ivanov Gennadiy V. , Podorozhko Elena A. , Lozinsky Vladimir I. , Petrenko Alexander Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBone tissue engineering strategy involves the 3D scaffolds and appropriate cell types promoting the replacement of the damaged area. In this work, we aimed to develop a fast and reliable clinically relevant protocol for engineering viable bone grafts, using cryopreserved adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and composite 3D collagen‐nano‐hydroxyapatite (nanoHA) scaffolds. Xeno‐ and DMSO‐free cryopreserved MSCs were perfusion‐seeded into the biomimetic collagen/nanoHA scaffolds manufactured by cryotropic gelation and their osteoregenerative potential was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Cryopreserved MSCs retained the ability to homogenously repopulate the whole volume of the scaffolds during 7 days of post‐thaw culture. Moreover, the scaffold provided a suitable microenvironment for induced osteogenic differentiation of cells, confirmed by alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. Implantation of collagen‐nanoHA cryogels with cryopreserved MSCs accelerated woven bone tissue formation, maturation of bone trabeculae, and vascularization of femur defects in immunosuppressed rats compared to cell‐free collagen‐nanoHA scaffolds. The established combination of xeno‐free cell culture and cryopreservation techniques together with an appropriate scaffold design and cell repopulation approach accelerated the generation of viable bone grafts.
Edaravone mitigates hemorrhagic cystitis by modulating Nrf2, TLR‐4/NF‐κB, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling in cyclophosphamide‐intoxicated rats
Authors: Hassanein Emad H. M. , Ahmed Marwa A. , Sayed Ahmed M. , Rashwan Eman K. , Abd El‐Ghafar Omnia A. M. , Mahmoud Ayman M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially deadly complication associated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This study explored the protective effect of edaravone (ED) on cyclophosphamide (CP)‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats. The animals received 20 mg/kg ED for 10 days and a single injection of 200 mg/kg CP on day 7. CP induced tissue injury manifested by the diffuse necrotic changes, disorganization of lining mucosa, focal hemorrhagic patches, mucosal/submucosal inflammatory cells infiltrates, and edema. CP increased malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and interleukin 6 (IL‐6), decreased IL‐10, and upregulated toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4), nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) p65, Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the urinary bladder of rats. ED effectively prevented the histopathological alterations, decreased MDA, NO, and inflammatory mediators, and downregulated TLR‐4, NF‐κB, JAK1, and STAT3 in CP‐induced rats. Treatment with ED upregulated ikβ kinase β, IL‐10, nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and cytoglobin, and boosted glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S‐transferase. Molecular docking simulations revealed the ability of ED to bind TLR‐4, NF‐κB, JAK1, and STAT3. In vitro, ED increased the cytotoxic activity of CP against HeLa, Caco‐2, and K562 cell lines. In conclusion, ED prevented CP‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats by attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing TLR‐4/NF‐κB, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling and boosted Nrf2, cytoglobin, and antioxidants.
Effectiveness of an E‐module at teaching novice learners critical thinking skills related to dentistry
Authors: Koth Allie J. , Focken Alivia G. , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Yoachim Shayla D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTechnological advances and pedagogical shifts toward active learning have led dental academics to explore alternatives to traditional didactic lectures, yet questions remain regarding the effectiveness of new modalities at both relaying foundational knowledge and inspiring critical thinking. Here, we developed an integrative e‐learning module on the subject of bone growth and recruited novice learners from undergraduate institutions to participate. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of learning modality on novice learners’ ability to apply newly acquired knowledge to critical thinking exercises related to dentistry.MethodsIn the fall of 2019, 42 undergraduate students from University of Nebraska and Nebraska Wesleyan University campuses voluntarily participated in the study involving a pretest, intervention, posttest, and retention test with survey and results were analyzed.ResultsOur data reveal a significant difference in mean pre‐ and posttest scores within delivery group of both traditional lecture and e‐module cohorts (p < 0.0001) and no statistically significant difference between cohorts in posttest scores. Similarly, there was no significant difference in student performance on higher‐level cognitive skill questions between cohorts, indicating that students learning via e‐module were able to apply foundational knowledge to clinical scenarios similarly to students learning via content‐expert lecture discussions.ConclusionThe authors shed light on an opportunity to integrate e‐learning into dental education, relieving time constraints for faculty and meeting the needs of our tech‐savvy students, without compromising the fostering of critical thinking skills in future dentists.
Comparing nerve‐mediated FGF signalling in the early initiation phase of organ regeneration across mutliple amphibian species
Authors: Yamamoto Sakiya , Kashimoto Rena , Furukawa Saya , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Satoh Akira 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmphibians have a very high capacity for regeneration among tetrapods. This superior regeneration capability in amphibians can be observed in limbs, the tail, teeth, external gills, the heart, and some internal organs. The mechanisms underlying the superior organ regeneration capability have been studied for a long time. Limb regeneration has been investigated as the representative phenomenon for organ‐level regeneration. In limb regeneration, a prominent difference between regenerative and nonregenerative animals after limb amputation is blastema formation. A regeneration blastema requires the presence of nerves in the stump region. Thus, nerve regulation is responsible for blastema induction, and it has received much attention. Nerve regulation in regeneration has been investigated using the limb regeneration model and newly established alternative experimental model called the accessory limb model. Previous studies have identified some candidate genes that act as neural factors in limb regeneration, and these studies also clarified related events in early limb regeneration. Consistent with the nervous regulation and related events in limb regeneration, similar regeneration mechanisms in other organs have been discovered. This review especially focuses on the role of nerve‐mediated fibroblast growth factor in the initiation phase of organ regeneration. Comparison of the initiation mechanisms for regeneration in various amphibian organs allows speculation about a fundamental regenerative process.