bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relatives’ experiences with abuse and neglect in Norwegian nursing homes. A qualitative study
Authors: Saga Susan , Blekken Lene Elisabeth , Nakrem Sigrid , Sandmoe Astrid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Elder abuse in nursing homes (NH) is a widespread and complex problem. Residents’ ability to share their experiences are impeded, due to a high degree of cognitive problems and frailty, and previous studies are thus mainly based on reports from staff. Therefore, we aimed to give voice to the residents by investigating their relatives’ experiences with elder abuse in NH.

Methods
Qualitative individual interviews were conducted with 16 relatives of residents with experience of abuse and/or neglect in NH. Content analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results
Relatives perceived neglect as most pervasive and staff-to-resident psychological abuse as a key problem. Physical abuse was mostly related to resident-to-resident aggression. Relatives perceived elder abuse in NH to be related to low competence among staff, low staffing, poor NH leadership, working cultures characterized by fear and loyalty to employer or co-workers, and a lack of individualized care for the residents. Furthermore, relatives themselves experienced maltreatment from NH, which caused them to suffer stress, anxiety and distrust. Relatives also expressed a need to compensate for lack of care.

Conclusions
Relatives of NH residents who had experienced abuse reported that neglect of basic care and individual rights was predominant and viewed organizational explanations as most important. Relatives perceive themselves as collaborators in care and are emotionally attached to their family member. Therefore, if relatives experience resident abuse or neglect, it inflicts a feeling of being mistreated themselves, particularly if they are not listened to or their notice of abuse on the part of the resident is ignored or trivialized. Including relatives in a committed partnership with NH in care practices is not only a valuable path to reduce the risk of abuse, but it also leads to a more sustainable healthcare with high standards of quality and safety.
tRNA derived fragment (tRF)-3009 participates in modulation of IFN-α-induced CD4+ T cell oxidative phosphorylation in lupus patients
Authors: Geng Guannan , Wang Huijing , Xin Weiwei , Liu Zhe , Chen Jie , Danting Zhang , Han Fei , Ye Shuang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence suggests tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) play important roles in cellular homeostasis. Here we aimed to explore aberrant expression of tRFs in CD4+ T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their potential function in the SLE pathogenesis.

Methods
First, small RNA sequencing was performed on CD4+ T cells from four SLE patients and three healthy controls (HCs). Candidate tRFs were then validated in CD4+ T cells from 97 SLE patients and their relevant disease controls using qRT-PCR. Then sequencing was used to investigate the profiles of HC-derived CD4+ T cells transfected with tRF-3009. Lastly, tRF-3009 siRNA or tRF-3009 mimics were transfected into CD4+ T cells with/without IFN-α. Changes in oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP, and ROS production were analyzed.

Results
We identified 482 differentially expressed tRFs from SLE CD4+ T cells and chose tRF-3009 for further analysis due to its upregulation and the positive correlations between its expression and SLEDAI, active lupus nephritis and serum IFN-α levels. In vitro, tRF-3009 over-expressing CD4+ T cell profiling and putative analysis linked this product to the type I IFN and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathways. Interestingly, IFN-α is capable of inducing ROS and ATP production in CD4+ T cells, while knockdown of tRF-3009 reversed this process. Overexpression of tRF-3009 in CD4+ T cells alone was sufficient to upregulate OCR, ROS, and ATP production.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to link aberrant tRF expression and SLE. tRF-3009 may participate in metabolic modulation of IFN-α-induced CD4+ T cell OXPHOS in lupus.
Asiatic acid alleviates Ang-II induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via miR-126/PIK3R2 signaling
Authors: Li Haiyu , Tian Xiaoxu , Ruan Yongjuan , Xing Junhui , Meng Zhe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor of many cardiovascular diseases. Studies have demonstrated that microRNA-126 (miR-126) was involved in angiogenesis during physiological and pathological process. However, its role in cardiac hypertrophy has not been known clearly. Our previous study demonstrated that asiatic acid (AA) has obvious protective effect on cardiac hypertrophy. Here, this study aimed to discover the regulatory role of miR-126 and its mechanism in cardiac hypertrophy, and to determine whether AA’s anti-hypertrophy effect is partially miR-126 dependent.

Methods
Male Sprague Dawley rats were AngII infused via osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks and were treated with AA (20 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage. Cardiac hypertrophy was assessed using the echocardiography and histological analysis. In vitro studies,cardiomyocyte and cardiac fibroblasts (CF) were treted with AngII and AngII plus AA. And, the effect of AA on miR-126 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was investigated.

Results
Treatment of rats with AA decreased the ratio of heart weight to tibia length and hypertrophy markers. In vitro exprements demonstrated that AA significantly attenuated AngII-induced cardiac growth and cardiac fibroblast collagen expression. Moreover, our results found downregulation of miR-126 and activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in AngII infusion induced cardiac hypertrophy model. It was also determined that miR-126 targets PIK3R2 directly.

Conclusions
AA supplementation upregulated the expression of miR-126 and conferred cardio-protection effect against AngII induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Gastric mucin phenotype indicates aggressive biological behaviour in early differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas following endoscopic treatment
Authors: Song Kai , Yang Qi , Yan Yu , Yu Xiaoyan , Xu Kanlun , Xu Jinghong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The distribution of mucin phenotypes and their relationship with clinicopathological features in early differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas in a Chinese cohort are unknown. We aimed to investigate mucin phenotypes and analyse the relationship between mucin phenotypes and clinicopathological features, especially biological behaviours, in early differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas from endoscopic specimens in a Chinese cohort.

Methods
Immunohistochemical staining of CD10, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 was performed in 257 tissue samples from patients with early differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas. The tumour location, gross type, tumour size, histological type, depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, mucosal background and other clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. The relationship between mucin phenotypes and clinicopathological features was analysed with the chi-square test.

Results
The incidences of gastric, gastrointestinal, intestinal and null phenotypes were 21 %, 56 %, 20 and 3 %, respectively. The mucin phenotypes were related to histology classification (P < 0.05). The proportion of the gastric phenotype became greater during the transition from differentiated to undifferentiated (P < 0.05). Complete intestinal metaplasia was higher in the gastric and intestinal phenotypes than in the gastrointestinal phenotype (P < 0.05). Tumours with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were mainly of the gastric phenotype, which was significantly higher than that of purely differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05), and the depth of invasion in the mixed type was deeper (P < 0.05). Neither recurrence nor metastasis was detected.

Conclusions
The mucin phenotype of early-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma has clinical implications, and the gastric phenotype has aggressive biological behaviour in early differentiated gastric cancers, especially in those with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or papillary adenocarcinoma components.
The survival outcome and complication of secondary cytoreductive surgery plus chemotherapy in recurrent ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ding Ting , Tang Dan , Xi Mingrong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness and safety of secondary cytoreductive surgery plus chemotherapy (SCS + CT) in recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC). Our secondary purpose was to analyze whether patients could benefit from complete resection.MethodsWe searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from inception to April 2021. We used appropriate scales to assess the risk of bias. Data from included studies that reported median PFS or OS were weighted by individual study sample size, and aggregated for meta-analysis. We calculated the pooled proportion of complications within 30 days after surgery.ResultsWe identified 13 articles, including three RCTs and ten retrospective cohort studies. A total of 4572 patients were included, of which 916 patients achieved complete resection, and all patients were comparable at baseline. Compared with chemotherapy alone, SCS + CT significantly improved the PFS (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.43–0.67) and OS (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44–0.81). Contrary to the results of cohort studies, the meta-analysis of RCTs showed that SCS + CT could not bring OS benefits (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.66–1.3). The subgroup analysis showed the prognostic importance of complete resection. Compared with chemotherapy alone, complete resection was associated with longer PFS (HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.45–0.61) and OS (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39–0.81), while incomplete resection had no survival benefit. Additionally, complete resection could maximize survival benefit compared with incomplete resection (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.46–0.69; HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50–0.75). The pooled proportion for complications at 30 days was 21% (95% CI: 0.12–0.30), and there was no statistical difference in chemotherapy toxicity between the two groups.ConclusionThe review indicated that SCS + CT based regimens was correlated with better clinical prognosis for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, but the interpretation of OS should be cautious. The meta-analysis emphasizes the importance of complete resection, suggesting that the potential benefits of prolonging survival may outweigh the disadvantages of any short-term complications associated with surgery.
The Investigational Clinical Center: a clinical-supportive and patient-centered trial unit model. Ten years of experience through normal and pandemic times of a large pediatric trial center in Italy
Authors: Pontrelli Giuseppe , Ciabattini Marco , De Crescenzo Franco , Biondi Isabella , Cocchiola Rossana , Copponi Giorgia , Frillici Claudia , Molinari Francesca , Rocchi Francesca , Simonetti Alessandra , Rossi Paolo , Livadiotti Susanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEvidence-based medicine relies on appropriately designed, conducted and reported clinical trials (CTs) to provide the best proofs of efficacy and safety for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Modern clinical research features high complexity and requires a high workload for the management of trials-related activities, often hampering physicians’ participation to clinical trials. Dealing with children in clinical research adds complexity: rare diseases, parents or legal guardian reluctance to engage and recruitment difficulties are major reasons of pediatric trials failure.However, because in pediatrics many treatments are prescribed off-label or are lacking, well-designed clinical trials are particularly needed. Clinical Trial Units (CTUs) are indeed an important asset in the implementation of clinical trials, but their support to investigators is limited to administrative and non-clinical tasks. In this paper we present the model of the Investigational Clinical Center (ICC) of the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital in Rome. The ICC includes clinicians supporting the Principal Investigators for clinical management of enrolled patients in compliance of Good Clinical Practice, the legal framework of Clinical Trials. Furthermore, we present 10 years’ experience in pediatric clinical trials and how it has been affected in 2020 by the COVID-19 pandemic. The activity of the ICC has been evaluated according to specific metrics of performance. The ICC model offers a complete support, helping investigators, patients and their families to overcome majority of barriers linked to clinical research, even in time of pandemic. We propose this organization as an innovative model for total-supportive and patient-centered clinical trial implementation.
Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of the forebrain of postnatal Slc13a4+/− mice
Authors: Harvey Tracey J. , Davila Raul Ayala , Vidovic Diana , Sharmin Sazia , Piper Michael , Simmons David G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
Sulfation is an essential physiological process that regulates the function of a wide array of molecules involved in brain development. We have previously shown expression levels for the sulfate transporter Slc13a4 to be elevated during postnatal development, and that sulfate accumulation in the brains of Slc13a4+/− mice is reduced, suggesting a role for this transporter during this critical window of brain development. In order to understand the pathways regulated by cellular sulfation within the brain, we performed a bulk RNA-sequencing analysis of the forebrain of postnatal day 20 (P20) Slc13a4 heterozygous mice and wild-type litter mate controls.

Data description
We performed an RNA transcriptomic based sequencing screen on the whole forebrain from Slc13a4+/− and Slc13a4+/+mice at P20. Differential expression analysis revealed 90 differentially regulated genes in the forebrain of Slc13a4+/− mice (a p-value of 0.1 was considered as significant). Of these, 55 were upregulated, and 35 were downregulated in the forebrain of heterozygous mice. Moreover, when we stratified further with a ± 1.2 fold-change, we observed 38 upregulated, and 16 downregulated genes in the forebrain of heterozygous mice. This resource provides a useful tool to interrogate which pathways may require elevated sulfate levels to drive normal postnatal development of the brain.
White matter hyperintensities in autopsy-confirmed frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Desmarais Philippe , Gao Andrew F. , Lanctôt Krista , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Ramirez Joel , Herrmann Nathan , Stuss Donald T. , Black Sandra E. , Keith Julia , Masellis Mario 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
We aimed to systematically describe the burden and distribution of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and investigate correlations with neuropsychiatric symptoms in pathologically proven Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).

Methods
Autopsy-confirmed cases were identified from the Sunnybrook Dementia Study, including 15 cases of AD and 58 cases of FTLD (22 FTLD-TDP cases; 10 FTLD-Tau [Pick’s] cases; 11 FTLD-Tau Corticobasal Degeneration cases; and 15 FTLD-Tau Progressive Supranuclear Palsy cases). Healthy matched controls (n = 35) were included for comparison purposes. Data analyses included ANCOVA to compare the burden of WMH on antemortem brain MRI between groups, adjusted linear regression models to identify associations between WMH burden and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and image-guided pathology review of selected areas of WMH from each pathologic group.

Results
Burden and regional distribution of WMH differed significantly between neuropathological groups (F5,77 = 2.67, P’ = 0.029), with the FTLD-TDP group having the highest mean volume globally (8032 ± 8889 mm3) and in frontal regions (4897 ± 6163 mm3). The AD group had the highest mean volume in occipital regions (468 ± 420 mm3). Total score on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory correlated with bilateral frontal WMH volume (β = 0.330, P = 0.006), depression correlated with bilateral occipital WMH volume (β = 0.401, P < 0.001), and apathy correlated with bilateral frontal WMH volume (β = 0.311, P = 0.009), all corrected for the false discovery rate. Image-guided neuropathological assessment of selected cases with the highest burden of WMH in each pathologic group revealed presence of severe gliosis, myelin pallor, and axonal loss, but with no distinguishing features indicative of the underlying proteinopathy.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that WMH are associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations in AD and FTLD and that WMH burden and regional distribution in neurodegenerative disorders differ according to the underlying neuropathological processes.
Surgical treatment of esophageal atresia with lower tracheoesophageal fistula in an extremely preterm infant (510 g, 25 + 5 weeks): a case report
Authors: Feng Xiaoyan , Thomé Ulrich , Stepan Holger , Lacher Martin , Wagner Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The surgical management of esophageal atresia in extreme-low-birth-weight infants (< 1000 g) is challenging. We report on an extreme-low-birth-weight infant who was extremely preterm (510 g, 25 + 5 weeks) and of prenatally unknown Gross type C esophageal atresia.

Case presentation
After resuscitation and intubation, the tracheoesophageal fistula was closed on the first day of life in the neonatal intensive care unit via an extrapleural approach using a titanium clip. On the sixth day of life, the Caucasian child was extubated. To minimize the operative trauma in the initial neonatal period, we prolonged gastrostomy placement until the 22nd day of life (weight 725 g). At the age of 3 months (weight 2510 g), thoracoscopic esophageal anastomosis was performed. The postoperative course was unremarkable. During the further clinical course, eight esophageal dilations were necessary. Currently, the patient swallows without difficulties at the age of 4 years and thrives well [15 kg (Percentile 28); 100 cm (Percentile 24)].

Conclusions
Our case shows that minimized postnatal surgical trauma with primary tracheoesophageal fistula closure at the bedside, delayed gastrostomy, and minimally invasive esophageal repair after substantial weight gain (> 2.5 kg) is a good strategy for esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula in extreme-low-birth-weight infants.
On the effects of spatial resolution on effective distance measurement in digital landscapes
Authors: Murekatete Rachel Mundeli , Shirabe Takeshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Connectivity is an important landscape attribute in ecological studies and conservation practices and is often expressed in terms of effective distance. If the cost of movement of an organism over a landscape is effectively represented by a raster surface, effective distances can be equated with the cost-weighted distance of least-cost paths. It is generally recognized that this measure is sensitive to the grid’s cell size, but little is known if it is always sensitive in the same way and to the same degree and if not, what makes it more (or less) sensitive. We conducted computational experiments with both synthetic and real landscape data, in which we generated and analyzed large samples of effective distances measured on cost surfaces of varying cell sizes derived from those data. The particular focus was on the statistical behavior of the ratio—referred to as ‘accuracy indicator’—of the effective distance measured on a lower-resolution cost surface to that measured on a higher-resolution cost surface.

Results
In the experiment with synthetic cost surfaces, the sample values of the accuracy indicator were generally clustered around 1, but slightly greater with the absence of linear sequences (or barriers) of high-cost or inadmissible cells and smaller with the presence of such sequences. The latter tendency was more dominant, and both tendencies became more pronounced as the difference between the spatial resolutions of the associated cost surfaces increased. When two real satellite images (of different resolutions with fairly large discrepancies) were used as the basis of cost estimation, the variation of the accuracy indicator was found to be substantially large in the vicinity (1500 m) of the source but decreases quickly with an increase in distance from it.

Conclusions
Effective distances measured on lower-resolution cost surfaces are generally highly correlated with—and useful predictors of—effective distances measured on higher-resolution cost surfaces. This relationship tends to be weakened when linear barriers to dispersal (e.g., roads and rivers) exist, but strengthened when moving away from sources of dispersal and/or when linear barriers (if any) are detected by other presumably more accessible and affordable sources such as vector line data. Thus, if benefits of high-resolution data are not likely to substantially outweigh their costs, the use of lower resolution data is worth considering as a cost-effective alternative in the application of least-cost path modeling to landscape connectivity analysis.
Vitamin K alleviates bone calcium loss caused by Salmonella Enteritidis through carboxylation of osteocalcin
Authors: Liu Yaojun , Mosenthin Rainer , Zhao Lihong , Zhang Jianyun , Ji Cheng , Ma Qiugang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of vitamin K (VK) supplementation on bone health of laying hens challenged by Salmonella Enteritidis.

Methods
A total of 80 32-week-old double negative salmonella-free brown-egg laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 20 replicates each (1 bird per replicate) according to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 dietary VK supplementation levels [0 mg/kg (VK0) vs 2 mg/kg VK (VK2) and 2 challenge treatments [Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) vs physiological saline solution (PS)]. During the last 3 days of week 43 of age, birds of both VK treatments were either orally challenged with 1.0 mL suspension of 109 cfu/mL S. Enteritidis daily or received the same volume of PS.

Results
The laying rate, daily egg mass, tibia strength, CT, cOC and cOC/(cOC + ucOC) of VK2 treatment increased (P < 0.05) in contrast to VK0, however, the medullary area and ucOC of VK2 treatment decreased (P < 0.05) in contrast to VK0. Mortality, medullary area, serum Ca content of SE treatments increased (P < 0.05) in contrast to PS treatments. In both SE treatments, the decrease (P < 0.05) in birds’ tibia strength was associated with higher (P < 0.05) Ca levels in serum. There is an interaction (P < 0.05) between SE challenge and VK levels with regard to tibia strength and serum Ca levels. At week 42, serum CT was positively correlated with cOC (R = 0.99, P = 0.009); at week 44, tibia strength was positively correlated with BMD (R = 0.95, P = 0.045), but negatively correlated with medullary area (R = − 0.98, P = 0.018).

Conclusions
VK (2 mg/kg) supplementation to diets of laying hens can enhance bone strength under challenge situations with Salmonella Enteritidis. Medullary area has proven to be a sensitive biomarker for bone calcium loss caused by SE infection.