bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A synchrotron-based kilowatt-level radiation source for EUV lithography
Authors: Jiang Bocheng , Feng Chao , Li Changliang , Bai Zhenghe , Wan Weishi , Xiang Dao , Gu Qiang , Wang Kun , Zhang Qinglei , Huang Dazhang , Chen senyu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A compact damping ring with limited circumference of about 160 m is proposed for producing kilowatt-level coherent EUV radiation. The electron bunch in the ring is modulated by a 257nm wavelength laser with the help of the angular dispersion induced micro-bunching method [C. Feng and Z. Zhao, Sci. Rep. 7, 4724 (2017)]. Coherent radiation at 13.5 nm with an average power of about 2.5 kW can be achieved with the state-of-the-art accelerator and laser technologies.
Application of Fuzzy Finite Difference Scheme for the Non-homogeneous Fuzzy Heat Equation
Authors: Zabihi Samaneh , ezzati reza , Fattahzadeh F , Rashidinia J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A numerical framework based on fuzzy finite difference is presented for approximating fuzzy triangular solutions of fuzzy partial differential equations by considering the type of $[gH-p]-$differentiability. The fuzzy triangle functions are expanded using full fuzzy Taylor expansion to develop a new fuzzy finite difference method. By considering the type of gH-differentiability, we approximate the fuzzy derivatives with a new fuzzy finite-difference. In particular, we propose using this method to solve non-homogeneous fuzzy heat equation with triangular initial-boundary conditions. We examine the truncation error and the convergence conditions of the proposed method. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the methods. The final results demonstrate the efficiency and the ability of the new fuzzy finite difference method to produce triangular fuzzy numerical results which are more consistent with existing reality.
Establishing Core Competencies and a Professional Curriculum For The Care Service Department in Vocational High Schools in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Nan-Chen , Wu Shu-Fang Vivienne , Tsai Juin-Ming , Lin Li-Ju , Sun Juo-Hsiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In response to the emergence of the aging society, the vocational high school education system in Taiwan has established the care service department since 2018. The purpose of this study was to develop core competencies and a professional curriculum for the care service department in vocational high schools.
Methods
This qualitative study enrolled experts and scholars in the field of long-term care as subjects. First, this study invited 20 experts and scholars to take part in a focus group to collect suggestions as the basis for the development of core competencies and a curriculum. Second, this study invited 10 experts and scholars to participate in three rounds of a Delphi survey to evaluate the planning for the development of core competencies and a curriculum that meet educational needs.
Results
In this study, we identified eight core competency constructs (interpersonal communication, care, creativity and execution, professional care, patient safety and care, resource connection and application, problem-solving and improvisation, and adherence to a professional code of conduct and ethics) and 15 indicators across two dimensions (general competencies and professional competencies) relating to the care services taught in vocational high schools. We then designed 26 professional subjects according to the core competencies.
Conclusions
In the past, the core competencies required for providing long-term care could only be cultivated in universities. In response, the Taiwanese government has promoted the cultivation of caregivers in high school, encouraging vocational high schools to establish care service departments and learning pathways to meet long-term care demands in Taiwan, overturn the stereotype that long-term care is an unspecialized profession, and enhance the willingness of young adults to work in the long-term care industry. To foster students’ professional competencies, we identified the core competencies for long-term care service education and devised a professional curriculum to foster the skills and knowledge among students that are required for successfully meeting the care needs of a rapidly aging society through work in the long-term care industry after graduation.
The Effect of Pre-treatment Methods on Membrane Flux, COD, and Total Phenol Removal Efficiencies for Membrane Treatment of Pistachio Wastewater
Authors: Ozay Yasin , Dizge Nadir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effect of pre-treatment methods was investigated for membrane treatment of pistachio wastewater. Chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and electrooxidation processes were tested as the pretreatment methods to understand the effect of pretreatment on membrane performance. Alum (Al2(SO4)3·18H2O), iron (III) chloride (FeCl3·6H2O) and iron(II) sulfate (Fe(SO4)·7H2O) were used as coagulant and anionic polyelectrolyte was used as flocculants. Al-Al and Fe-Fe electrode pairs were used in the electrocoagulation experiments while platinum, boron doped diamond, and graphite were used in the electrooxidation experiments. UP150, NF270, and NF90 were used as the membranes. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenol removal efficiencies from wastewater were determined by considering membrane flux.
Cohort Profile: The China Metal-Exposed Workers Cohort Study (Jinchang Cohort)
Authors: Bai Yana , Yang Jingli , Cheng Zhiyuan , Zhang Desheng , Wang Ruonan , Zhang Rui , Bai Zhao , Zheng Shan , Wang Minzhen , Yin Chun , Hu Xiaobin , Wang Yufeng , Xu Lulu , Chen Yarong , Li Jing , Li Siyu , Hu Yujia , Li Na , Zhang Wenling , Liu Yanyan , Li Juansheng , Ren Xiaowei , Kang Feng , Wu Xijiang , Ding Jiao , Cheng Ning 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Jinchang Cohort was an ongoing 20-year ambispective cohort with unique metal exposures of an occupational population. Until now, the Jinchang Cohort has completed three phases of follow-up from January 2014 to December 2019. The baseline cohort was completed from June 2011 to December 2013, and a total of 48 001 people were included. Three phases of follow-ups included 46 713, 41 888 and 40 530 participants, respectively. The death data was collected from 2001 to 2020. The epidemiological, physical examination, physiological and biochemical data of the cohort were collected by using the methods of cross-section and prospective cohort study. Biological specimens were collected on baseline to establish a biological specimen bank. The concentrations of metals in urine and serum were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The new areas of research aim to study the all-cases mortality, the burden of diseases, heavy metals and diseases, and course of the chain from disease to high-risk outcomes using a combination of macro and micro means, which provided scientific basic to explore pathogenesis of multi-etiology and multi-disease, and to evaluate the effects of the intervention measures in the population.
The Long Term Spatial-temporal Distribution of Aerosol Optical Depth and Its Associated Atmospheric Circulation Over Southeast Africa.
Authors: Nyasulu Matthews , Haque Md. Mozammel , Musonda Bathsheba , Fang Cao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent studies have revealed significant impacts of increased concentration of anthropogenic aerosols in the atmosphere to both climate and human health. Southeast Africa is one of the regions where studies related to atmospheric aerosols remain scant, causing high uncertainty in predicting and understanding the impacts of these aerosols to both climate and human health. The present study therefore has investigated the long term spatial-temporal distribution of atmospheric aerosols, trends, its relationship with cloud properties and the associated atmospheric circulation over the region. High concentration of aerosol has been detected during the dry months of September to November (SON) while low during March to May (MAM) and June-July (JJA) seasons in most areas. Highest 550 was recorded in areas with low elevation such as over Lake Malawi, Zambezi valley and along the western coast of the Indian Ocean. The average of the detected concentration is however low as compared to highly polluted regions of the globe. Statistical analyses revealed insignificant change of AOD550 in most areas between 2002 and 2020 time period. The study has also revealed seasonality of aerosol distribution highly influenced by changes in atmospheric circulation. Burning of biomass during dry months such bush fires and burning of crop residues remain the major source of anthropogenic aerosol concentration over Southeast Africa hence needs to be controlled.
A Theoretical Model For Predicting The Surface Topography of Inhomogeneous Materials After Shot Peening
Authors: Wang BingBing , Chen HaiKuan , Xu GuangTao , Zhang JianWei , Zhao MingHao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Shot peening is widely used in engineering as a classical strengthening process. Although many studies on shot peening have been done, most have focused on homogeneous target materials. In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed for predicting the surface morphology of inhomogeneous target materials. The topography of target materials after single-shot impact is calculated on the basis of energy conservation and Hertz contact theory, and the final three-dimensional surface topography after multiple-shot impact is obtained through superposition. Single-shot and random multiple-shot finite element models are used to show the advantages of the proposed model over the existing theoretical model for homogeneous target materials. The roughness is found to increase with the shot velocity and shot radius.
Comparison of State-Of-The-Art Neural Network Survival Models With The Pooled Cohort Equations for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction
Authors: Deng Yu , Liu Lei , Jiang Hongmei , Peng Yifan , wei Yishu , Zhong Yizhen , Zhao Yun , Yang Xiaoyun , Lu Zhiyong , kho Abel , Ning Hongyan , Allen Norrina , Wilkins John , Liu Kiang , Lloyd-Jones Donald , Zhao Lihui , Yu Jingzhi , zhou Zhiyang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The Pooled Cohort Equations (PCEs) are race- and sex-specific Cox PH-based models used for 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk prediction with acceptable discrimination. In recent years, neural network models have gained increasing popularity with their success in image recognition and text classification. Various survival neural network models have been proposed by combining survival analysis and neural network architecture to take advantage of the strengths from both. However, the performance of these survival neural network models compared to each other and to PCEs in ASCVD prediction is unknown. Methods: In this study, we used 6 cohorts from the Lifetime Risk Pooling Project and compared the performance of the PCEs in 10-year ASCVD risk prediction with an all two-way interactions Cox PH model (Cox PH-TWI) and three state-of-the-art neural network survival models including Nnet-survival, Deepsurv, and Cox-nnet. For all the models, we used the same 7 covariates as used in the PCEs. We fitted each of the aforementioned models in white females, white males, black females, and black males, respectively. We evaluated models’ internal and external discrimination power and calibration.Results: The training/internal validation sample comprised 23246 individuals. The average age at baseline was 57.8 years old (SD = 9.6); 16% developed ASCVD during average follow-up of 10.50 (SD = 3.02) years. Based on 10x10 cross-validation, the method that had the highest C-statistics was Cox PH-TWI (0.7372) for white males, PCE (0.7973) for white females, Cox PH-TWI (0.6989) for black males, and Deepsurv (0.7874) for black females. In the external validation dataset, PCE (0.7102), Deepsurv (0.7293), PCE (0.6907), and Nnet-survival (0.7243) had the highest C-statistics for white male, white female, black male, and black female population, respectively. Calibration plots showed that in 10x10 validation, PCE had good calibration in white male, white female, black male but was outperformed by Deepsurv in black female. In external validation, all models overestimated the risk for 10-year ASCVD except for Deepsurv in black female.Conclusions We demonstrated the use of the state-of-the-art neural network survival models in ASCVD risk prediction. Neural network survival models and PCEs have generally comparable discrimination and calibration.
Entrepreneurship Challenges: The Case of Jordanian Startups
Authors: alawamleh mohammad , francis yara hanna , Alawamleh Kamal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aims to understand and explore the key challenges facing entrepreneurs in Jordan. This study attempted to identify the problems specific to small and medium companies and to develop the most prominent solutions to help companies improve their conditions. This study relied more on collecting information through interviews with the sample under study. Interviews were conducted with four companies specialized in several fields, including information technology, consulting, training and e-marketing. This study also relied on secondary sources by referring to the previous collected literature. This study found many obstacles facing entrepreneurs in Jordan, the most important of which are financial and logistical support, the challenge of distributing work, owning operating experiences, obtaining information, commercial relations and networking. One of the main results in this study is that women face great challenges in relation to financing and investment opportunities. Finally, the study found many proposed solutions that are expected to be applied to improve the business environment, the most important of which is the Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship activating pilot projects and stimulating investment in them and relying on the development of technical knowledge of individuals
Structure and Activity of the DHNA Coenzyme-A Thioesterase from Staphylococcus aureus Providing Insights for Innovative Drug Development
Authors: Murad Aline Melro , Brognaro Hévila , Falke Sven , Lindner Jasmin , Perbandt Markus , Mudogo Celestin , Schubert Robin , Wrenger Carsten , Betzel Christian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The humanity is facing an increasing health threat caused by a variety of multidrug resistance bacteria. Within this scenario, Staphylococcus aureus, in particular methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is responsible for a number of hospital-acquired bacterial infections. The emergence of microbial antibiotic resistance consequently urgently demands to identify new and innovative strategies to treat antibiotic resistant microorganisms. In this context, structure and function analysis of potential drug targets in metabolic pathways vital for bacteria endurance, such as the vitamin K2 synthesis pathway, becomes interesting. We have solved and refined the crystal structure of the S. aureus DHNA thioesterase (SaDHNA), a key enzyme in the vitamin K2 pathway. The crystallographic structure in combination with small angle X-ray solution scattering data revealed a functional tetramer of SaDHNA. Complementary activity assays of SaDHNA indicated a preference for hydrolysing long acyl chains. Site-directed mutagenesis of SaDHNA confirmed the functional importance of Asp16 and Glu31 for thioesterase activity and substrate binding at the putative active site, respectively. The high-resolution structure of SaDHNA and complementary information about substrate binding will support future drug discovery and design investigations to inhibit the vitamin K2 synthesis pathway, vital for the bacteria.
Social Phobia and Evasiveness: Trial Protocol for a Feasibility, Superiority, Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Modified Collaborative Assessment vs. Standard Assessment on Patients’ Readiness for Psychotherapy (CO-ASSM-RCT).
Authors: Hovmand Oliver Rumle , Arnfred Sidse Marie , Reinholt Nina , Dichmann Kirstine , Borisov Radoslav 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEvasive personality disorder (EPD) and social phobia (SP) have substantial costs to the patients and their families, and great economic costs to the community. While psychotherapy can be an efficient treatment, a large percentage of patients drop-out during treatment. Little is known about what can be done in order to decrease dropout from psychotherapy in general, including how to increase a patient’s readiness for psychotherapy. MethodsWe describe a feasibility randomized controlled trial of 42 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of either SP or evasive personality disorder, who are to initiate psychotherapeutic treatment in Danish outpatient mental health services. They will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either assessment-as-usual and receive no further assessment, or to a Modified Collaborative Assessment (MCA) provided as a pre-treatment intervention before psychotherapy initiation. MCA will included a battery of psychological tests designed to thoroughly assess the patients’ psychopathology. The tests is administered in collaboration with the patient including a detailed oral and written feedback. We hypothesize that the patients randomized to MCA will reach higher levels of readiness for psychotherapy as assessed with the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) and have lower dropout-rates than assessment-as-usual. DiscussionThis protocol assess the feasibility, efficacy, acceptability, and safety of an intervention aimed at changing the readiness for participation in psychotherapy for patients with SP and EVP. Results from this feasibility study could guide the development of future large-scale trials of MCA and procedures for MCA treatment fidelity assessment.
Association of early-onset constipation and diarrhea with patient outcomes in critically ill ventilated patients: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Aikawa Gen , Ouchi Akira , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Hoshino Tetsuya , Enomoto Yuki , Shimojo Nobutake , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Constipation and diarrhea are both associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although constipation and diarrhea are closely related, few studies have examined them simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to describe patient defecation status after intensive care unit (ICU) admission and determine the association of early-onset constipation and diarrhea after ICU admission with outcomes for critically ill ventilated patients. Critically ill patients were retrospectively investigated and their defecation status was assessed during the first week after admission. The patients were divided into three groups: normal defecation, constipation, and diarrhea, and multiple comparison tests were performed. Additionally, multivariable analysis was performed for mortality and length of stay. Of the 85 critically ill ventilated patients, 47 (55%) experienced constipation, and 12 (14%) experienced diarrhea during the first week of ICU admission. Patients with normal defecation and diarrhea increased from the fourth and fifth day of ICU admission. Diarrhea was significantly associated with the length of ICU stay (B=7.534, 95% confidence interval: 0.116-14.951). Early-onset constipation and diarrhea were common in critically ill ventilated patients, and early-onset diarrhea was associated with the length of ICU stay. Prevention of constipation and diarrhea before the fifth day of ICU admission is essential.
Elevated Expression of The Rhythm Gene NFIL3 Promotes The Progression of TNBC By Activating NF-κB Signaling Through Suppression of NFKBIA Transcription
Authors: Yang Wei-Wei , Li Jing , Zhang Minghui , Yu Haichuan , Zhuang Yuan , Zhao Lingyu , Ren Lili , Gong Jinan , Bi Hongjie , Zeng Lixuan , Xue Yang , Yang Jinjin , Zhao Yan , Wang Shuoshuo , Gao Shuangshu , Fu Zitong , Li Dongze , Zhang Jinxing , Wang Tianzhen , Shan Ming , Tang Bo , Li Xiaobo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies have confirmed that abnormal circadian rhythms are associated with tumorigenesis in breast cancer. However, few studies have investigated the pathological roles of rhythm genes in breast cancer progression. Methods: The expressions of NFIL3 and NFKBIA were measured by Western blot, qRT–PCR and IHC analysis. The proliferation and metastasis of two TNBC cell lines were analyzed by cell counting assays, clone formation assays, subcutaneous tumor formation assay, wound healing assays, transwell assays and the mouse tail vein injection model.Results: We evaluated the aberrant expression of 32 rhythm genes in breast cancer and identified that nuclear factor interleukin 3 regulated (NFIL3) expression is significantly altered in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We found that NFIL3 inhibits its own transcription, and thus, downregulated NFIL3 mRNA indicates high expression of NFIL3 protein in breast cancer. Functional studies demonstrated that NFIL3 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Higher expression of NFIL3 is associated with poor prognosis of patients with TNBC. Gene enrichment assays revealed that NFIL3 primarily regulates cancer-associated inflammation. Correlation analysis showed that expression of NFIL3 is associated with infiltration level of various immune cells in breast cancer. We further demonstrated that NFIL3 enhances the activity of NF-κB signaling. Mechanistically, we revealed that NFIL3 directly suppresses the transcription of NFKBIA, which blocks the activation of NF-κB and inhibits the progression of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we showed that enhancing NF-κB activity by repressing NFKBIA largely mimics the oncogenic effect of NFIL3 in TNBC, and anti-inflammatory strategies targeting NF-κB activity block the oncogenic roles of NFIL3 in TNBC. Conclusion:NFIL3 promotes the progression of TNBC by suppressing NFKBIA and then enhancing NF-κB signaling-mediated cancer-associated inflammation. This study may provide a new target for TNBC prevention and therapy.
MicroRNA-24-3p promotes skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration by regulating HMGA1
Authors: Dey Paromita , Soyer Miles A , Dey Bijan K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Numerous studies have established the critical roles of microRNAs in regulating posttranscriptional gene expression in diverse biological processes. Here, we report on the role and mechanism of miR-24-3p in skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration. miR-24-3p promotes myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration by directly targeting high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) and regulating it and its direct downstream target, the inhibitor of differentiation 3 (ID3). miR-24-3p knockdown in neonatal mice increases PAX7-positive proliferating muscle stem cells (MuSCs) by derepressing Hmga1 and Id3 . Similarly, inhibiting miR24-3p in the tibialis anterior muscle prevents Hmga1 and Id3 downregulation and impairs regeneration. These findings provide evidence that the miR-24-3p/HMGA1/ID3 axis is required for MuSC differentiation and regeneration in vivo .