bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervised Exercise Training Improves 6 min Walking Distance and Modifies Gait Pattern during Pain-Free Walking Condition in Patients with Symptomatic Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Lanzi Stefano , Boichat Joël , Calanca Luca , Mazzolai Lucia , Malatesta Davide 
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of supervised exercise training (SET) on spatiotemporal gait and foot kinematics parameters in patients with symptomatic lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) during a 6 min walk test. Symptomatic patients with chronic PAD (Fontaine stage II) following a 3 month SET program were included. Prior to and following SET, a 6 min walk test was performed to assess the 6 min walking distance (6MWD) of each patient. During this test, spatiotemporal gait and foot kinematics parameters were assessed during pain-free and painful walking conditions. Twenty-nine patients with PAD (65.4 ± 9.9 years.) were included. The 6MWD was significantly increased following SET (+10%; p ≤ 0.001). The walking speed (+8%) and stride frequency (+5%) were significantly increased after SET (p ≤ 0.026). The stride length was only significantly increased during the pain-free walking condition (+4%, p = 0.001), whereas no significant differences were observed during the condition of painful walking. Similarly, following SET, the relative duration of the loading response increased (+12%), the relative duration of the foot-flat phase decreased (−3%), and the toe-off pitch angle significantly increased (+3%) during the pain-free walking condition alone (p ≤ 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between changes in the stride length (r = 0.497, p = 0.007) and stride frequency (r = 0.786, p ≤ 0.001) during pain-free walking condition and changes in the 6MWD. A significant negative correlation was found between changes in the foot-flat phase during pain-free walking condition and changes in the 6MWD (r = −0.567, p = 0.002). SET was found to modify the gait pattern of patients with symptomatic PAD, and many of these changes were found to occur during pain-free walking. The improvement in individuals’ functional 6 min walk test was related to changes in their gait pattern.
Establishing and Optimizing a Bacterial Consortia for Effective Biodegradation of Petroleum Contaminants: Advancing Classical Microbiology via Experimental and Mathematical Approach
Authors: Wu Baichun , Deng Jingmin , Niu Hao , Liang Jiahao , Arslan Muhammad , Gamal El-Din Mohamed , Wang Qinghong , Guo Shaohui , Chen Chunmao 
Published: December 2021

In classical microbiology, developing a high-efficiency bacterial consortium is a great challenge for faster biodegradation of petroleum contaminants. In this study, a systematic experimental and mathematical procedure was adopted to establish a bacterial consortium for the effective biodegradation of heavy oil constituents. A total of 27 bacterial consortia were established as per orthogonal experiments, using 8 petroleum-degrading bacterial strains. These bacteria were closer phylogenetic relatives of Brevundimonas sp. Tibet-IX23 (Y1), Bacillus firmus YHSA15, B. cereus MTCC 9817, B. aquimaris AT8 (Y2, Y6 and Y7), Pseudomonas alcaligenes NBRC (Y3), Microbacterium oxydans CV8.4 (Y4), Rhodococcus erythropolis SBUG 2052 (Y5), and Planococcus sp. Tibet-IX21 (Y8), and were used in different combinations. Partial correlation analysis and a general linear model hereafter were applied to investigate interspecific relationships among different strains and consortia. The Y1 bacterial species showed a remarkable synergy, whereas Y3, Y4, and Y6 displayed a strong antagonism in all consortia. Inoculation ratios of different strains significantly influenced biodegradation. An optimal consortium was constructed with Y1, Y2, Y5, Y7, and Y8, which revealed maximum degradation of 11.238 mg/mL OD600 for oil contaminants. This study provides a line of evidence that a functional consortium can be established by mathematical models for improved bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated environment.
ANALISIS PENGKONDISI SINYAL UNTUK SENSOR THERMISTOR - STUDI KASUS LINIERISASI SECARA SERI
Authors: Wahyu Budi Mursanto  
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini memanfaatkan sensor thermistor yang banyak dijual di pasaran sebagai alat ukur temperatur (termometer). Thermistor merupakan resistor yang sangat peka terhadap temperatur. Thermistor yang digunakan mempunyai koefisien tahanan yang negatif atau biasa disebut dengan NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient). Namun, kenyataannya hubungan perubahan tahanan terhadap temperatur ini adalah non-linier, sehingga untuk keperluan pengukuran temperatur yang akurat diperlukan teknik linierisasi. Untuk linierisasi ini diperlukan data spesifikasi thermistor yang digunakan, namun sayangnya thermistor yang banyak dijual di pasaran tersebut tidak dilengkapi dengan data yang cukup. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan percobaan untuk mendapatkan kembali spesifikasi teknis dari thermistor yang digmakan, untuk kemudian dirancang linierisasinya dengan metoda rangkaian seri, serta aplikasi pengkondisian sinyal dalam rangkaian elektronik sehingga bisa diperoleh besaran seperti yang diinginkan. Pada aplikasi perancangan range temperature 20°C sampai dengan 50°C, diperoleh nilai b sebesar 3500 °K dengan R seri sebesar 479 Ohm, dengan kesalahan maksimum sebesar 1,25% atau kesalahan sebesar 0,5°C.
Optimasi siklus termodinamika integrasi boiler AQC dan PH pada desain WHRPG di industri semen
Authors: Teguh Sasono, Tjatur Udjianto  
Published: December 2021

The cement industry is a chemical industry that requires large amounts of energy and releases CO2 emissions, one of which is produced from limestone calcination. Electricity consumption index for 2017 at PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Cilacap Plant averaged 92.20 kWh / ton cement and 3,352MJ / ton clinker in thermal form. This shows that the use of thermal energy is very dominant in the production process. The opportunity to reduce the index of electricity consumption is a very appropriate step in order to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and production costs, thereby increasing its competitiveness. Installation of WHRPG system in the preheater (PH) process output unit and the water quenching cooler (AQC) output to utilize exhaust heat that can produce pressurized steam and when combined with the steam turbine starter drive and electric generator coupled, the system is able to generate electricity to supply the needs electrical energy industry. From the data of potential exhaust gases in PH and AQC and the design determination of the choice of operating conditions of the selected three-level steam turbine pressure, the optimization results are obtained by applying a graded nonlinear GRG model, the thermal efficiency of the WHRPG water system is optimal at 24.38% with work output the optimum thermal value is 6,420.29 kW and the estimated gross electric power yield is 6.089,51kW. The optimal conditions achieved are indicated by the pinch point value on the AQC boiler that occurs in the economizer at 10K while the PH boiler occurs at the superheater of 10K according to the specified pinch minimum constraints. If the estimated power of the balance of plant and auxiliaries in the WHRPG system is 12% and the cement production capacity is 7,800 tons / day assuming a WHRPG capacity factor of 73%, then the magnitude of the reduction in electrical energy intensity is at least 12.04 kWh / ton cement.
Keyword : Preheater, Air Quenching Cooler, WHRPG, HRSG, Cement, GRG nonlinear, Optimamization, Kawasaki
Kajian interkoneksi PLTM Sungai Kumbi 1.300 kW pada sistem Lombok
Authors: Erwin Yusuf, Ahmad Deni Mulyadi  
Published: December 2021

Pulau Lombok mempunyai potensi pembangkit listrik tenaga air terutama yang bersekala kecil seperti PLTM. Karena, pulau memiliki gunung Rinjani yang kawasan hutannya masih terawat dengan baik. Salah satunya adalah daerah aliran sungai Kumbi di desa Lebah Sempage, Kecamatan Narmada Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Potensi tenaga listrik yang dapat dihasilkan pada lokasi tersebut sebesar 1.300 kW. Adapun, pembangunan pusat pembangkit dapat dilaksanakan apabila mendapat kepastian bahwa listrik yang diproduksi harus dapat tersalurkan sepenuhnya ke beban. Produksi listrik PLTM Kumbi akan disalurkan melalui Sistem Interkoneksi Lombok. Dimana, sistem interkoneksi tersebut harus mampu menyalurkan tambahan daya yang diproduksi oleh PLTM Kumbi sebesar 1.300 kW. Sehingga diperlukan suatu kajian interkoneksi PLTM Kumbi 1.300 kW ke Sistem Interkoneksi Lombok. Untuk memastikan produksi listrik yang dihasilkan oleh PLTM dapat tersalurkan dengan baik. Kajian interkoneksi tersebut akan menganalisis aliran daya dan short circuit dengan menggunakan simulasi computer. Interkoneksi PLTM ke jaringan disimulasikan pada tahun 2021. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan bahwa daya yang dihasilkan oleh PLTM dapat tersalurkan dengan baik tanpa perlu mengganti peralatan proteksi yang telah ada pada jaringan.
Kata Kunci: Energi Terbarukan, Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Minihidro (PLTM), Distributed Generator, Aliran Daya, Hubung Singkat
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Melalui Metode Demonstrasi Melipat Origami
Authors: Marni Marni , Yuliani M Sri , Hidayah Afifah Nur 
Published: December 2021

Penelitianini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak melalui metode demonstrasi melipat origami di kelompok B TK Negeri 1 Kendari. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan anak didik berjumlah 15 orang yang terdiri dari 6 orang anak perempuan dan 9 orang anak laki-laki. Jenis penelitian ini penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, aktivitas mengajar guru siklus I mencapai 13 dari 15 aspek dengan persentase sebesar 86,66% dan aktivitas belajar anak didik siklus I mencapai 12 dari 15 aspek dengan persentase sebesar 80%, serta hasil belajar anak didik siklus I memperoleh persentase sebesar 66,67%. Hasil analisis data, aktivitas mengajar guru siklus II mengalami peningkatan dengan mencapai 14 dari 15 aspek memperoleh persentase sebesar 93,33%, aktivitas belajar anak didik siklus II mengalami peningkatan dengan mencapai 14 dari 15 aspek memperoleh persentase sebesar 93,33%, serta hasil belajar anak siklus II meningkat dengan persentase ketercapaian sebesar 86,66%.
Bizzarri, Hugo Óscar (2019), La otra mirada: el «exemplum» histórico. Münster: Lit Verlag
Authors: Serés Guillermo 
Published: December 2021

Reseña del libro: Bizzarri, Hugo Óscar (2019), La otra mirada: el «exemplum» histórico. Münster: Lit Verlag. 214 pp. ISBN: 978-3-643-90308-5.
A Systematic Search for Dual AGNs in Merging Galaxies (Astro-daring): III: Results from the SDSS Spectroscopic Surveys
Authors: Zhang Yang-Wei , Huang Yang , Bai Jin-Ming , Liu Xiao-Wei , Wang Jian-guo , Dong Xiao-bo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As the third installment in a series systematically searching dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) among merging galaxies, we present the results of 20 dual AGNs found by using the SDSS fiber spectra. To reduce the flux contamination from both the fiber aperture and seeing effects, the angular separation of two cores in our merging galaxy pairs sample is restricted at least larger than 3″. By careful analysis of the emission lines, 20 dual AGNs are identified from 61 merging galaxies with their two cores both observed by the SDSS spectroscopic surveys. 15 of them are identified for the first time. The identification efficiency is about 32.79% (20/61), comparable to our former results (16 dual AGNs identified from 41 merging galaxies) based on the long-slit spectroscopy. Interestingly, two of the 20 dual AGNs show two prominent cores in radio images and their radio powers show they as the radio-excess AGNs. So far, 31 dual AGNs are found by our project and this is the current largest dual AGN sample, ever constructed with a consistent approach. This sample, together with more candidates from ongoing observations, is of vital importance to study the AGN physics and the coevolution between the supermassive black holes and their host galaxies.
Carnegie Supernova Project: The First Homogeneous Sample of Super-Chandrasekhar-mass/2003fg-like Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Ashall C. , Lu J. , Hsiao E. Y. , Hoeflich P. , Phillips M. M. , Galbany L. , Burns C. R. , Contreras C. , Krisciunas K. , Morrell N. , Stritzinger M. D. , Suntzeff N. B. , Taddia F. , Anais J. , Baron E. , Brown P. J. , Busta L. , Campillay A. , Castellón S. , Corco C. , Davis S. , Folatelli G. , Förster F. , Freedman W. L. , Gonzaléz C. , Hamuy M. , Holmbo S. , Kirshner R. P. , Kumar S. , Marion G. H. , Mazzali P. , Morokuma T. , Nugent P. E. , Persson S. E. , Piro A. L. , Roth M. , Salgado F. , Sand D. J. , Seron J. , Shahbandeh M. , Shappee B. J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present a multiwavelength photometric and spectroscopic analysis of 13 super-Chandrasekhar-mass/2003fg-like Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Nine of these objects were observed by the Carnegie Supernova Project. The 2003fg-like SNe have slowly declining light curves (Δm
15(B) < 1.3 mag), and peak absolute B-band magnitudes of −19 < M

B
< −21 mag. Many of the 2003fg-like SNe are located in the same part of the luminosity–width relation as normal SNe Ia. In the optical B and V bands, the 2003fg-like SNe look like normal SNe Ia, but at redder wavelengths they diverge. Unlike other luminous SNe Ia, the 2003fg-like SNe generally have only one i-band maximum, which peaks after the epoch of the B-band maximum, while their near-IR (NIR) light-curve rise times can be ≳40 days longer than those of normal SNe Ia. They are also at least 1 mag brighter in the NIR bands than normal SNe Ia, peaking above M

H
= −19 mag, and generally have negative Hubble residuals, which may be the cause of some systematics in dark-energy experiments. Spectroscopically, the 2003fg-like SNe exhibit peculiarities such as unburnt carbon well past maximum light, a large spread (8000–12,000 km s−1) in Si ii
λ6355 velocities at maximum light with no rapid early velocity decline, and no clear H-band break at +10 days. We find that SNe with a larger pseudo-equivalent width of C ii at maximum light have lower Si ii
λ6355 velocities and more slowly declining light curves. There are also multiple factors that contribute to the peak luminosity of 2003fg-like SNe. The explosion of a C–O degenerate core inside a carbon-rich envelope is consistent with these observations. Such a configuration may come from the core-degenerate scenario.
Double-diffusive Magnetic Layering
Authors: Hughes D. W. , Brummell N. H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Double-diffusive systems, such as thermosolutal convection, in which the density depends on two components that diffuse at different rates, are prone to both steady and oscillatory instabilities. Such systems can evolve into layered states, in which both components, and also the density, adopt a “staircase” profile. Turbulent transport is enhanced significantly in the layered state. Here we exploit an analogy between magnetic buoyancy and thermosolutal convection in order to demonstrate the phenomenon of magnetic layering. We examine the long-term nonlinear evolution of a vertically stratified horizontal magnetic field in the so-called “diffusive regime,” where an oscillatory linear instability operates. Motivated astrophysically, we consider the case where the viscous and magnetic diffusivities are much smaller than the thermal diffusivity. We demonstrate that diffusive layering can occur even for subadiabatic temperature gradients. Magnetic layering may be relevant for stellar radiative zones, with implications for the turbulent transport of heat, magnetic field, and chemical elements.
Binary Fractions of G and K Dwarf Stars Based on Gaia EDR3 and LAMOST DR5: Impacts of the Chemical Abundances
Authors: Niu Zexi , Yuan Haibo , Wang Song , Liu Jifeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on the large volume Gaia Early Data Release 3 and LAMOST Data Release 5 data, we estimate the bias-corrected binary fractions of the field late G and early K dwarfs. A stellar locus outlier method is used in this work, which works well for binaries of various periods and inclination angles with single-epoch data. With a well-selected, distance-limited sample of about 90,000 GK dwarfs covering wide stellar chemical abundances, it enables us to explore the binary fraction variations with different stellar populations. The average binary fraction is 0.42 ± 0.01 for the whole sample. Thin-disk stars are found to have a binary fraction of 0.39 ± 0.02, thick-disk stars have a higher one of 0.49 ± 0.02, while inner halo stars possibly have the highest binary fraction. For both the thin- and thick-disk stars, the binary fractions decrease toward higher [Fe/H], [α/H], and [M/H] abundances. However, the suppressing impacts of [Fe/H], [α/H], and [M/H] are more significant for the thin-disk stars than those for the thick-disk stars. For a given [Fe/H], a positive correlation between [α/Fe] and the binary fraction is found for the thin-disk stars. However, this tendency disappears for the thick-disk stars. We suspect that it is likely related to the different formation histories of the thin and thick disks. Our results provide new clues for theoretical works on binary formation.
Revisiting the Distance to Radio Loops I and IV Using Gaia and Radio/Optical Polarization Data
Authors: Panopoulou G. V. , Dickinson C. , Readhead A. C. S. , Pearson T. J. , Peel M. W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Galactic synchrotron emission exhibits large angular scale features known as radio spurs and loops. Determining the physical size of these structures is important for understanding the local interstellar structure and for modeling the Galactic magnetic field. However, the distance to these structures is either under debate or entirely unknown. We revisit a classical method of finding the location of radio spurs by comparing optical polarization angles with those of synchrotron emission as a function of distance. We consider three tracers of the magnetic field: stellar polarization, polarized synchrotron radio emission, and polarized thermal dust emission. We employ archival measurements of optical starlight polarization and Gaia distances and construct a new map of polarized synchrotron emission from WMAP and Planck data. We confirm that synchrotron, dust emission, and stellar polarization angles all show a statistically significant alignment at high Galactic latitude. We obtain distance limits to three regions toward Loop I of 112 ± 17 pc, 135 ± 20 pc, and <105 pc. Our results strongly suggest that the polarized synchrotron emission toward the North Polar Spur at b > 30° is local. This is consistent with the conclusions of earlier work based on stellar polarization and extinction, but in stark contrast with the Galactic center origin recently revisited on the basis of X-ray data. We also obtain a distance measurement toward part of Loop IV (180 ± 15 pc) and find evidence that its synchrotron emission arises from chance overlap of structures located at different distances. Future optical polarization surveys will allow the expansion of this analysis to other radio spurs.
A DEFT Way to Forecast Solar Flares
Authors: Krista Larisza D. , Chih Matthew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Solar flares have been linked to some of the most significant space weather hazards at Earth. These hazards, including radio blackouts and energetic particle events, can start just minutes after the flare onset. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify and predict flare events. In this paper we introduce the Detection and EUV Flare Tracking (DEFT) tool, which allows us to identify flare signatures and their precursors using high spatial and temporal resolution extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) solar observations. The unique advantage of DEFT is its ability to identify small but significant EUV intensity changes that may lead to solar eruptions. Furthermore, the tool can identify the location of the disturbances and distinguish events occurring at the same time in multiple locations. The algorithm analyzes high temporal cadence observations obtained from the Solar Ultraviolet Imager instrument aboard the GOES-R satellite. In a study of 61 flares of various magnitudes observed in 2017, the “main” EUV flare signatures (those closest in time to the X-ray start time) were identified on average 6 minutes early. The “precursor” EUV signatures (second-closest EUV signatures to the X-ray start time) appeared on average 14 minutes early. Our next goal is to develop an operational version of DEFT and to simulate and test its real-time use. A fully operational DEFT has the potential to significantly improve space weather forecast times.
A Multi-wavelength Analysis of Small-scale Brightenings Observed by IRIS
Authors: Humphries Llŷr Dafydd , Morgan Huw 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Small-scale brightenings in solar atmospheric observations are a manifestation of heating and/or energy transport events. We present statistical characteristics of brightenings from a new detection method applied to 1330, 1400, and 2796 Å IRIS slit-jaw image time series. A total of 2377 events were recorded that coexist in all three channels, giving high confidence that they are real. Of these, ≈1800 were spatially coherent, equating to event densities of ∼9.7 × 10−5 arcsec−2 s−1 within a 90″ × 100″ FOV over 34.5 minutes. Power-law indices estimates are determined for total brightness (2.78 < α < 3.71), maximum brightness (3.84 < α < 4.70), and average area (4.31 < α < 5.70) distributions. Duration and speed distributions do not obey a power law. A correlation is found between the events’ spatial fragmentation, area, and duration, and a weak relationship with total brightness, showing that larger/longer-lasting events are more likely to fragment during their lifetime. Speed distributions show that all events are in motion, with an average speed of ∼7 km s−1. The events’ spatial trajectories suggest that cooler 2796 Å events tend to appear slightly later and occupy a different position/trajectory than the hotter channel results. This suggests that either many of these are impulsive events caused by reconnection, with subsequent rapid cooling, or that the triggering event occurs near the TR, with a subsequent propagating disturbance to cooler atmospheric layers. The spatial distribution of events is not uniform, with broad regions devoid of events. A comparison of spatial distribution with properties of other atmospheric layers shows a tentative connection between high magnetic field strength, the corona’s multi-thermality, and high IRIS brightening activity.
PeV Emission of the Crab Nebula: Constraints on the Proton Content in Pulsar Wind and Implications
Authors: Liu Ruo-Yu , Wang Xiang-Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recently, two photons from the Crab Nebula with energy of approximately 1 PeV were detected by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), opening an ultrahigh-energy window for studying pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). Remarkably, the LHAASO spectrum at the highest-energy end shows a possible hardening, which could indicate the presence of a new component. A two-component scenario with a main electron component and a secondary proton component has been proposed to explain the whole spectrum of the Crab Nebula, requiring a proton energy of 1046–1047 erg remaining in the present Crab Nebula. In this paper, we study the energy content of relativistic protons in pulsar winds using the LHAASO data of the Crab Nebula, considering the effect of diffusive escape of relativistic protons. Depending on the extent of the escape of relativistic protons, the total energy of protons lost in the pulsar wind could be 10–100 times larger than that remaining in the nebula presently. We find that the current LHAASO data allow up to (10–50)% of the spindown energy of pulsars being converted into relativistic protons. The escaping protons from PWNe could make a considerable contribution to the cosmic-ray flux of 10–100 PeV. We also discuss the leptonic scenario for the possible spectral hardening at PeV energies.