bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapidly freeze‐dried human red blood cells for pre‐transfusion alloantibody testing reagents
Authors: Alves Diana , Sparrow Rosemary , Garnier Gil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrior to transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs), recipients must be tested for the presence of alloantibodies to avoid immune complications. Liquid‐preserved reagent RBCs with known blood group antigen phenotypes are used for testing. However, these reagents have practical constraints, including limited shelf‐life and require constant refrigeration. To address these issues, we explore the effects of rapid freeze‐drying conditions with trehalose cryoprotectant (0.1–1 M concentrations) on human RBCs and storage of freeze‐dried RBCs (FDRBCs) at room temperature (RT) for up to 12 months. We report that rapid freeze‐drying of RBCs for 2.5 hr with 0.5 M trehalose achieves recoverable cells with near‐normal morphological shape, although size‐reduced. The FDRBCs are metabolically active and functional in antibody‐agglutination tests by the column agglutination test (CAT) for ABO and Rhesus‐D blood group antigens. Expression of the Duffy blood group protein (CD234) decreases by 50% after freeze‐drying RBCs. The initial recovery rate is ≤25%; however, 43% of these FDRBCs are still recoverable after RT storage for 12 months. In this proof‐of‐principle study, we show that rapid freeze‐drying can stabilize RBCs. Further refinements to improve the recovery rate and preservation of antigenic epitopes will make FDRBCs a practical alternative source of reagent RBCs for pre‐transfusion alloantibody identification.
Biologically active phthalocyanine metal complexes: Preparation, evaluation of α‐glycosidase and anticholinesterase enzyme inhibition activities, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Güzel Emre , Koçyiğit Ümit M. , Taslimi Parham , Erkan Sultan , Taskin Omer S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, preparation, as well as investigation of α‐glycosidase and cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme inhibition activities of furan‐2‐ylmethoxy‐substituted compounds 1–7, are reported. Peripherally, tetra‐substituted copper and manganese phthalocyanines (5 and 6) were synthesized for the first time. The substitution of furan‐2‐ylmethoxy groups provides remarkable solubility to the complex and redshift of the phthalocyanines Q‐band. Besides, the inhibitory effects of these compounds on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α‐glycosidase (α‐Gly) enzymes have been investigated. The AChE was inhibited by these compounds (1–7) in low micromolar levels, and K
i values were recorded between 11.17 ± 1.03 and 83.28 ± 11.08 µM. Against the BChE, the compounds demonstrated K
i values from 7.55 ± 0.98 to 81.35 ± 12.80 µM. Also, these compounds (1–7) effectively inhibited α‐glycosidase, with K
i values in the range of 744.87 ± 67.33 to 1094.38 ± 88.91 µM. For α‐glycosidase, the most effective K
i values of phthalocyanines 3 and 6 were with K
i values of 744.87 ± 67.33 and 880.36 ± 56.77 µM, respectively. Moreover, the studied metal complexes were docked with target proteins PDB ID: 4PQE, 1P0I, and 3WY1. Pharmacokinetic parameters and secondary chemical interactions that play an active role in interaction were predicted with docking simulation results. Overall, furan‐2‐ylmethoxy‐substituted phthalocyanines can be considered as potential agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's diseases and diabetes mellitus.
The region‐selective regulation of endothelial claudin‐5 expression and signaling in brain health and disorders
Authors: Chiba Hideki , Ichikawa‐Tomikawa Naoki , Imura Tetsuya , Sugimoto Kotaro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe neurovascular unit (NVU) consists of neurons, glial cells, microvascular cells, and extracellular matrix, and is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Within the NVU, the microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes principally contribute to maintaining the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Various types of cells are connected to each other in the NVU by diverse cell adhesion molecules, of which claudin‐5 (CLDN5) is by far the most abundantly expressed tight‐junction protein in brain microvascular endothelial cells and absolutely required for the maintenance of the BBB. This review highlights recent progress in understanding the region‐specific regulation and dysregulation of CLDN5 expression in CNS health and disorders. We also discuss how CLDN5 expression is regionally disrupted within the NVU. In addition, we focus on the link between cell adhesion and transcription factor signalings and describe the possible involvement of CLDN5‐adhesion signaling in brain health and disorders.
Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using animal blood, their preventive efficiency of bacterial species, and ecotoxicity in common carp fish
Authors: Kakakhel Mian Adnan , Wu Fasi , Feng Huyuan , Hassan Zubair , Ali Ihsan , Saif Irfan , Zaheer Ud Din Syed , Wang Wanfu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPossible high biodeterioration of the microorganisms due to their metabolic pathway and activities on stone materials causes solemn problems in cultural heritage. Different kinds of laboratory‐scale methods have been used for the reduction of microbial growth, that is, chemical, mechanical, and physical, which are cost‐effective and not ecofriendly. In the current study, an ecofriendly approach utilizing silver nanoparticles were synthesized using sheep blood serum. Transmission electron microscopy results have confirmed the spherical and well dispersed silver nanoparticles with an average size of 32.49 nm, while energy dispersive X‐ray has shown the abundance of silver nanoparticles. The efficiency against bacterial species was verified through laboratory‐scale testing. The strong antibacterial activity was confirmed when B‐AgNPs was tested against different bacterial species isolated from the Beishiku Cave Temple. The largest zone of inhibition was measured 26.48 ± 0.14 mm against Sphingomonas sp. while the smallest zone of inhibition measured was 9.70 ± 0.27 mm against Massilia sp. Moreover, these ecofriendly B‐AgNPs were tested for daily based dose in different concentrations (0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 mg/L) against common carp fish for a long exposure (20 days) and 6.5% fatality was found. The highest lethal concentration (LC50) for fish (0.61 ± 0.09 mg/L). No doubt, the laboratory scale applications have revealed the best results with minute toxicity in fish. Therefore, sheep serum should be continued to synthesize silver nanoparticles on a large scale. A strict monitoring system should be developed for the synthesis and application of AgNPs.
Scanning electron imaging of mellitophilous and allergenic pollen grain of arid and northern irrigated agroecological zones of Pakistan
Authors: Noor Mehwish Jamil , Ahmad Mushtaq 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPalynomorphic studies of 65 common mellitophilous and 16 allergenic flora of Arid and Northern irrigated agroecological zones of Pakistan are carried out in this study by using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Mellitophilous pollen were extracted from honey samples of selected sites. For collection of local allergenic pollen, previously identified allergy‐causing plants were selected. Pollen morphological examination was carried out under FESEM. Diverse range of pollen shapes ranging from monad to polyad and sculpturing ranging from psilate to echinate, scabrate to reticulate, bireticulate, or echinolophate were observed. Brassicaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae, and Poaceae were observed to be dominant allergenic and mellitophilous families of the selected sites.
An optimal χ‐bound for (P6, diamond)‐free graphs
Authors: Cameron Kathie , Huang Shenwei , Merkel Owen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we show that every (, diamond)‐free graph satisfies , where and are the chromatic number and clique number of , respectively. Our bound is attained by the complement of the famous 27‐vertex Schläfli graph. Our result unifies previously known results on the existence of linear ‐binding functions for several graph classes. Our proof is based on a reduction via the Strong Perfect Graph Theorem to imperfect (, diamond)‐free graphs, a careful analysis of the structure of those graphs, and a computer search that relies on a well‐known characterization of 3‐colourable ‐free graphs.
Association of Hypertension With Both Occurrence and Outcome of Symptomatic Patients With Mild Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis: A Prospective Higher Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Shi Zhang , Zhao Ming , Li Jing , Meddings Zakaria , Shi Yibing , Jiang Tao , Liu Qi , Deng Benqiang , Lu Jianping , Teng Zhongzhao 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundIntracranial atherosclerotic plaque causing mild luminal stenosis might lead to acute ischemic events. However, the difference between culprit and nonculprit lesions is unclear, as are the factors associated with favorable treatment outcomes.PurposeTo quantify characteristics of intracranial atherosclerosis with mild luminal stenosis and to identify factors associated with lesion type (culprit or nonculprit) and with clinical outcomes.Study TypeProspectivePopulation293 patients who had acute stroke with mild luminal stenosis (<50%) in the middle cerebral or basilar artery.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T higher resolution magnetic resonance imaging (hrMRI) of intracranial arteries and whole brain MR images.AssessmentMorphological and compositional analysis of plaques was performed. This included assessment of plaque volume, plaque burden, remodeling ratio, eccentricity, intraplaque hemorrhage, and enhancement ratio. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at day 90, with a favorable outcome being defined as a 90‐day mRS ≤2.Statistical TestsThe odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by a logistic regression model.ResultsHypertension (OR 5.2; 95% CI 2.6–10.3; P < 0.05) and hrMRI enhancement ratio (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4–5.1; P < 0.05) were independently associated with lesion type. Patients without hypertension had significantly more (P < 0.05) favorable outcomes (124/144) than patients with hypertension (97/149). Most hypertensive patients without any previous blood pressure control (54/63) had a favorable outcome. However, these patients were significantly younger (P < 0.05) than those with adequate blood pressure control. After adjusting for all significant characteristics, hypertension duration (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.09–1.29; P < 0.05), hypertension management (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.18–5.26; P < 0.05), and enhancement ratio (OR 0.01; 95% CI 0.001–0.157; P < 0.05) were found to be independent high‐risk factors for outcome prediction.Data ConclusionhrMRI provided incremental value over traditional risk factors in identifying higher risk intracranial atherosclerosis with mild luminal stenosis.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Predicting grapevine canopy nitrogen status using proximal sensors and near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Walker Harriet V. , Jones Joanna E. , Swarts Nigel D. , Rodemann Thomas , Kerslake Fiona , Dambergs Robert G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground: The current method employed by industry for tissue analysis to determine grapevine nitrogen (N) status is expensive and time intensive.Aims: This study explored the use of proximal sensors and Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (FT‐NIRS) to predict vine (Vitis vinifera L.) canopy N status over two growing seasons in Southern Tasmania, Australia.Methods: The GreenSeeker, Crop Circle ACS‐430 and SPAD‐502 proximal sensors were used to measure vine canopies (cv. Pinot Noir and Chardonnay) at three sampling dates (January, February, March) in the 2017/18 growing season, and two (December & February) in the 2018/19 growing season. For 12 replicates consisting of 5 vines each, a 30‐leaf sample was taken for FT‐NIRS and elemental analysis on dried, ground leaf samples. In addition, measurements with a portable FT‐NIRS were taken on fresh leaf samples (2018/19). All measurements were correlated with leaf N concentration (%) determined via elemental analysis.Results: The reliability of the proximal sensors to predict vine N content was dependent on the vine variety and sampling time. FT‐NIRS demonstrated a strong ability to predict vine N concentration independent of season, sampling time and variety. The benchtop FT‐NIRS showed the strongest predictability over both seasons (r2 = 0.94), yet the portable FT‐NIRS also showed potential (r2 = 0.76).Conclusion: Further investigation of portable FT‐NIRS technology is necessary to provide a robust model for non‐destructive vine N determination in the field.
Prognostic value of neutrophils for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Lisha , Li Mengying , Xu Ting , Qiu Xiufang , Chen Chuanben 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between absolute neutrophils count (ANC) in different periods of treatment and the outcomes of patients and assess effect of longitudinal neutrophils variation during radiotherapy (RT) on prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsA total of 1753 patients with newly diagnosed NPC were retrospectively analyzed. Complete blood counts of patients were obtained before treatment, before, during, and end of RT. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan‐Meier method and the result was compared by the log‐rank test. The univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between the variation of ANC and survival for patients in different periods.ResultsHigher ANC pretreatment (>4 × 109/L) and pre‐RT (>7 × 109/L) were correlated with poor OS (89.7% vs 85.6%, P = .009; 88.3% vs 77.3%, P = .002, respectively). An increase >5 × 109/L of ANC during RT was associated with adverse OS (87.9% vs 73.6%, P = .042). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high ANC of pre‐RT (>7 × 109/L) and a high increase (>5 × 109/L) of ANC during RT were independent prognostic factors of patients with NPC (P = .002, .044, respectively).ConclusionOur results demonstrated that ANC was an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with NPC who received RT. Neutrophils may promote tumor resistance to radiotherapy in NPC.Level of Evidence2a.
Pore water exchange‐driven inorganic carbon export from intertidal salt marshes
Authors: Tamborski Joseph J. , Eagle Meagan , Kurylyk Barret L. , Kroeger Kevin D. , Wang Zhaoihui Aleck , Henderson Paul , Charette Matthew A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRespiration in intertidal salt marshes generates dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) that is exported to the coastal ocean by tidal exchange with the marsh platform. Understanding the link between physical drivers of water exchange and chemical flux is a key to constraining coastal wetland contributions to regional carbon budgets. The spatial and temporal (seasonal, annual) variability of marsh pore water exchange and DIC export was assessed from a microtidal salt marsh (Sage Lot Pond, Massachusetts). Spatial variability was constrained from224Ra :228Th disequilibria across two hydrologic units within the marsh sediments. Disequilibrium between the more soluble224Ra and its sediment‐bound parent228Th reveals significant pore water exchange in the upper 5 cm of the marsh surface (0–36 L m−2d−1) that is most intense in low marsh elevation zones, driven by tidal overtopping. Surficial sediment DIC transport ranges from 0.0 to 0.7 g C m−2d−1. The sub‐surface sediment horizon intersected by mean low tide was disproportionately impacted by tidal pumping (20–80 L m−2d−1) and supplied a seasonal DIC flux of 1.7–5.4 g C m−2d−1. Export exceeded 10 g C m−2d−1for another marsh unit, demonstrating that fluxes can vary substantially across salt marshes under similar conditions within the same estuary. Seasonal and annual variability in marsh pore water exchange, constrained from tidal time‐series of radium isotopes, was driven in part by variability in mean sea level. Rising sea levels will further inundate high marsh elevation zones, which may lead to greater DIC export.
Cardiac 18F‐Dopamine PET Distinguishes PD with Orthostatic Hypotension from Parkinsonian MSA
Authors: Lenka Abhishek , Lamotte Guillaume , Goldstein David S. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease with orthostatic hypotension (PD + OH) can be difficult to distinguish clinically from the parkinsonian form of multiple system atrophy (MSA‐P). Previous studies examined cardiac sympathetic neuroimaging to differentiate PD from MSA but without focusing specifically on PD + OH versus MSA‐P, which often is the relevant differential diagnostic issue.ObjectiveTo investigate the utility of cardiac sympathetic neuroimaging by 18F‐dopamine positron emission tomographic (PET) scanning for separating PD + OH from MSA‐P.MethodsCardiac 18F‐dopamine PET data were analyzed from 50 PD + OH and 68 MSA‐P patients evaluated at the NIH Clinical Center from 1990 to 2020. Noradrenergic deficiency was defined by interventricular septal 18F‐dopamine‐derived radioactivity <6000 nCi‐kg/cc‐mCi in the 5′ frame with mid‐point 8′ after initiation of 3′ tracer injection.Results18F‐Dopamine PET separated the PD + OH from the MSA‐P group with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 96%.ConclusionCardiac 18F‐dopamine PET scanning efficiently distinguishes PD + OH from MSA‐P.
miR‐221‐3p regulates apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells via targeting FOXO1 in older women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR)
Authors: Wei Chaofeng , Xiang Shan , Yu Yi , Song Jingyan , Zheng Mingming , Lian Fang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn our earlier study, we showed that the expression of microRNA‐221‐3p (miR‐221‐3p) was significantly lower in women of advanced age with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) compared with young women with normal ovarian reserve (NOR). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore how miR‐221‐3p regulates apoptosis of granulosa cells and the pathogenesis of DOR. Bioinformatics prediction and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were conducted to identify the target gene of miR‐221‐3p. miR‐221‐3p expression was manipulated by transfecting KGN cells with miR‐221‐3p mimics, inhibitor, and negative control. Following transfection, apoptosis of granulosa cells was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of the target gene was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot analysis (WB). In addition, the expression of the target gene in granulosa cells of DOR patients and NOR patients was measured. miR‐221‐3p were found to directly bind the 3ʹ untranslated region of Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). Transfection with miR‐221‐3p mimics significantly decreased the apoptosis rate of KGN cells compared with transfection with miR‐221‐3p inhibitors. The expression level of miR‐221‐3p was negatively correlated with the messenger RNA and protein levels of the FOXO1 gene. Besides, FOXO1 expression was upregulated in DOR patients. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that downregulation of miR‐221‐3p expression promotes apoptosis of granulosa cells by upregulating FOXO1 expression, thus serving an important role in DOR pathogenesis.
Gender role moderates correlation between learning needs and behavioural intention of sexual health care in female nurses
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Yi , Lee Shu‐Hsin , Wu Tzu‐Jung , Sun Yu‐Ching , Tsai Li‐Ya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the correlation between learning needs and behavioural intention of sexual health care in female Registered Nurses and to assess the moderating effect of gender role on this relationship.DesignIn this cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based survey, a convenience sampling of female Registered Nurses was included from Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.MethodsThree questionnaires were used to obtain self‐reported data on learning needs, behavioural intention and gender role.ResultsBased on gender role scores, 11.8% of participants were feminine, 10.0% were masculine, 31.0% were androgynous and 47.2% were undifferentiated. Significant positive correlations between learning needs and behaviour intention were observed in the total population as well as in undifferentiated, feminine and androgynous nurses (all p < .05). Learning needs were positively associated with the behavioural intention of sexual health care in female nurses, which was moderated by gender role (F = 2.868, p = .036).
Improvements in the degree of understanding the treatment guidelines for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder in a nationwide dissemination and implementation study
Authors: Numata Shusuke , Nakataki Masahito , Hasegawa Naomi , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Takeshima Masahiro , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Nakamura Toshinori , Edagawa Reon , Edo Hiroaki , Miura Kenichiro , Matsumoto Junya , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Kishimoto Taishiro , Hori Hikaru , Tsuboi Takashi , Yasuda Yuka , Furihata Ryuji , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Ochi Shinichiro , Nagasawa Tatsuya , Kyou Yoshitaka , Murata Atsunobu , Katsumoto Eiichi , Ohi Kazutaka , Hishimoto Akitoyo , Inada Ken , Watanabe Koichiro , Hashimoto Ryota 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo implement clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), it is necessary for psychiatrists to deepen their understanding of the CPGs. The Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in Psychiatric Treatment (EGUIDE) project is a nationwide dissemination and implementation study of two sets of CPGs for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsA total of 413 psychiatrists (n = 212 in 2016; n = 201 in 2017) learned the two CPGs in the education program of the EGUIDE project, and clinical knowledge of these CPGs was evaluated at baseline and after the programs. To improve the correct answer rate for clinical knowledge after the programs, we revised the lecture materials associated with items that had a low correct answer rate in 2016 and used the revised lecture materials with the CPGs in 2017. The rates of correct answers after the programs between the 2016 and 2017 groups were compared.ResultsThe correct answer rate of one item on the schizophrenia CPG and one item on the MDD CPG tended to be improved (S‐D5 and D‐C6) and that of one on the MDD CPG was significantly improved (D‐D3, P = 0.0008) in the 2017 group compared to those in the 2016 group.ConclusionsWe reported improvements in clinical knowledge of CPGs after the EGUIDE program in the 2017 group following revision of the lecture materials based on results from the 2016 group. These attempts to improve the degree of understanding of CPGs may facilitate the successful dissemination and implementation of psychiatric guidelines in everyday practice.