bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLITIK HUKUM PENGALIHAN IZIN PERTAMBANGAN PADA PEMERINTAH PUSAT TERHADAP KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Wulandari Rika Putri , Fahrozi Muhammad Helmi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLaw Number 3 of 2020 is a new chapter in the development of mining law politics in Indonesia. The latest Minerba Law brings a number of major changes, one of which is the regulation of the authority to issue mining permits which has been transferred entirely to the central government. These changes caused controversy because the were considered contrary to constitutional values and the spirit of reform by eliminating the role of local governments in mineral and coal mining activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the legal politics of transferring mining permits to the central government and its implications for local government authority. This research is quantitative study using a normative juridical method through a statue approach and conceptual approach. This research finds that the legal politics of transferring mining permits to the central government is aimed at solving mining permit problems that facilitate investment activities so as to increase the country’s economic growth. However, the implications of this transfer of authority make regional governments no longer have attributive authority to issue mining permits. The current mining law should move to create synergy between governments, not by placing the central government and local governments on different paths for the sustainability of future development.Keywords : Politics of law; Mining Permit; Local Government Authority. AbstrakUU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 merupakan babak baru dalam perkembangan politik hukum pertambangan di Indonesia. UU Minerba terbaru membawa sejumlah perubahan besar salah satunya mengenai pengaturan kewenangan penerbitan izin pertambangan yang dialihkan seluruhnya kepada pemerintah pusat. Perubahan tersebut menimbulkan kontroversi karena dianggap bertentangan dengan nilai konstitusi dan semangat reformasi dengan menihilkan peran pemerintah daerah dalam kegiatan pertambangan minerba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui politik hukum pengalihan izin pertambangan kepada pemerintah pusat dan implikasinya terhadap kewenangan pemerintah daerah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa politik hukum pengalihan izin pertambangan kepada pemerintah pusat ditujukan untuk mengurai permasalahan izin pertambangan yang memudahkan kegiatan investasi sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Namun, implikasi yang ditimbulkan akibat pengalihan kewenangan tersebut membuat pemerintah daerah tidak lagi memiliki kewenangan atributif dalam melakukan penerbitan izin pertambangan. Seharusnya hukum pertambangan yang ada saat ini bergerak untuk menciptakan sinergisitas antar pemerintahan bukan dengan menempatkan pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah pada jalan yang berbeda demi keberlangsungan pembangunan di masa depan.Kata kunci : Politik Hukum, Izin Pertambangan; Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah.
UANG SASUDUIK DALAM SISTEM PERKAWINAN DI NAGARI SITUJUAH GADANG KECAMATAN SITUJUAH LIMO NAGARI KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Umulhusni Annisa , Fatoni Nur 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTObligatory giving by a prospective bridegroom to a prospective bride in a marriage is only a dowry, as explained in Article 30 of the Compilation of Islamic Law. Whereas in traditional marriages in Nagari Situjuah Gadang Situjuah District Limo Nagari Lima Puluh Regency in West Sumatra Province, a man who is going to get married is not required to give dowry only but is also required to give sasuduik money. Sasuduik money is a gift that is required to be a man who will get married by giving the amount of money desired by his future wife and family. If the sasuduik money cannot be fulfilled by men, the marriage will be delayed or even canceled. The purpose of this research is to find out the marriage system; the origin and position of Sasuduik money in the marriage system; a review of Islamic law on the provision of money for men who will hold marriages in Nagari Situjuah Gadang Situjuah Limo Nagari District Lima Puluh Regency City of West Sumatra Province. Keywords: Dowry, Marriage, Uang Sasuduik
Impairment of Proteasome Function in Podocytes Leads to CKD
Authors: Makino Shin-ichi , Shirata Naritoshi , Oliva Trejo Juan Alejandro , Yamamoto-Nonaka Kanae , Yamada Hiroyuki , Miyake Takafumi , Mori Kiyoshi , Nakagawa Takahiko , Tashiro Yoshitaka , Yamashita Hirofumi , Yanagita Motoko , Takahashi Ryosuke , Asanuma Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2021

Significance Statement
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal system (APLS) are major intracellular protein degradation mechanisms. The importance of the APLS in podocytes is established, but the role of the UPS is not well understood. The first mouse model of podocyte-specific proteasome impairment revealed that UPS plays important roles in podocyte homeostasis, inducing p53-mediated apoptosis and mTOR-mediated autophagy suppression. The podocytes with impaired proteasomes exhibited characteristic features of aging and increase in a marker of aging. Our data suggest that proteasome impairment in podocytes leads to CKD and show that antioxidants and autophagy activators could be therapeutic agents for age-dependent CKD.

Background
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal system (APLS) are major intracellular degradation procedures. The importance of the APLS in podocytes is established, but the role of the UPS is not well understood.

Methods
To investigate the role of the UPS in podocytes, mice were generated that had deletion of Rpt3 (Rpt3
pdKO), which encodes an essential regulatory subunit required for construction of the 26S proteasome and its deubiquitinating function.

Results

Rpt3
pdKO mice showed albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, leading to CKD. Impairment of proteasome function caused accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and of oxidative modified proteins, and it induced podocyte apoptosis. Although impairment of proteasome function normally induces autophagic activity, the number of autophagosomes was lower in podocytes of Rpt3pdKO mice than in control mice, suggesting the autophagic activity was suppressed in podocytes with impairment of proteasome function. In an in vitro study, antioxidant apocynin and autophagy activator rapamycin suppressed podocyte apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition. Moreover, rapamycin ameliorated the glomerular injury in the Rpt3
pdKO mice. The accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and of oxidative modified proteins, which were detected in the podocytes of Rpt3
pdKO mice, is a characteristic feature of aging. An aging marker was increased in the podocytes of Rpt3
pdKO mice, suggesting that impairment of proteasome function promoted signs of aging in podocytes.

Conclusions
Impairment of proteasome function in podocytes led to CKD, and antioxidants and autophagy activators can be therapeutic agents for age-dependent CKD.
Water security and rangeland sustainability: Transdisciplinary research insights from Namibian–German collaborations
Authors: Luetkemeier Robert , Mbidzo Meed , Liehr Stefan 
Published: January 2021

The Global South is facing severe challenges in ensuring livelihood security due to climate change impacts, environmental degradation and population growth as well as changing lifestyles. These complex problems cannot be solely solved by single scientific disciplines – they require transdisciplinary research (TDR). Stakeholders from civil society, the corporate sector, government and science need to pool their knowledge to find solutions for sustainable transformations. In Namibia, we have been involved in TDR projects on water supply, and sanitation services as well as livestock management in rangeland systems. In this paper, we review two TDR projects that differ in multiple ways and hence allow us to carve out structural differences and critically discuss research outcomes, lessons learned and the challenge of North–South collaborations. Our review builds upon published and unpublished project documents as well as expert interviews with Namibian and German researchers who were involved in the projects. Our results show that TDR can be put into practice in different ways, depending on the research focus and the period available. The TDR phases of problem framing, inter- and transdisciplinary integration were implemented with different tools and foci points. We discuss the role of project length and funding conditions for project success and outcome generation. In addition, we critically consider the role of Namibian and German researchers in these international collaborations. The conclusions we draw touch upon the points of preparatory research funding, the equal acknowledgement of Global South contributions to joint research projects and the explicit handling of TDR components in project work.
Significance:

The current social-ecological challenges are complex and require TDR as a mode of knowledge coproduction, particularly in a development context.
Inter- and transdisciplinary integration are critical processes for a project to be successful and require the allocation of adequate time and monetary resources.
Longer-term projects with a funded preparatory research phase constitute a structural model for TDR as project outcomes can evolve over time.
Global South researchers carry a hidden burden in international collaborations that has to be adequately acknowledged upfront in project planning and final products.
Possible causes of a substantial decline in sightings in South Africa of an ecologically important apex predator, the white shark
Authors: Fisher Robin 
Published: January 2021

A decline in sightings of a top predator, the white shark (Carcharadon carcharias), in South Africa was quantified in order to identify possible causes for this decline. White shark sightings data across 8 years (2011–2018), recorded from a cage-diving vessel in Gansbaai are reported. A significant decline in mean total white shark sightings per boat trip (>6 in 2011 to <1 in 2018) and a 69% reduction in the probability of a sighting were found. Correlating with this decline in sightings is a rise in sightings of sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) in False Bay and copper sharks (Carcharhinus brachyurus) in Gansbaai, as well as substantial ecosystem changes. The effects of lethal conservation measures such as the use of shark nets in KwaZulu-Natal; the direct and indirect effects of overfishing including a reduction in smoothhound (Mustelus mustelus) and soupfin (Galeorhinus galeus) sharks; and novel predation on white sharks are discussed as possible causative factors for this decline in white shark sightings.
Significance:

The results of this paper highlight the need to reassess the impact of marine conservation initiatives and fishing practices. Failure to do so could seriously affect ecologically and economically important marine species. This paper reveals a potentially serious decline to the South African white shark population, characterised by a substantial decline in white shark sightings. This decline correlates with the overfishing of prey species, bycatch, the use of lethal gill nets and ecological changes such as the novel presence of orca. Better marine management is required if South Africa wishes to keep a healthy white shark population.
Sirtuin 1 rs7069102 polymorphism is associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Letonja Jernej , Završnik Matej , Makuc Jana , Šeruga Maja , Peterlin Ana , Cilenšek Ines , Petrovič Danijel 
Published: January 2021

The global prevalence for diabetes mellitus nearly doubled from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that is expressed in a variety of tissues. It modifies proteins that participate in DNA repair, stress, and inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between SIRT1 rs7069102 polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with T2DM. In our retrospective association study, we included 724 Slovene (Caucasian) patients who have had T2DM for at least 10 years. We classified the participants into two groups, the first group was comprised of 301 patients with DN, and the second (control) group was comprised of 423 patients without DN. We analyzed the rs7069102 polymorphism using StepOne Real-Time PCR System and TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. We found a statistically significant difference in the distribution of rs7069102 genotypes and alleles between the two groups. We used logistic regression analysis and adjusted for systolic pressure, arterial hypertension (AH), duration of AH, triglycerides, the value of HbA1c, carotid disease, diabetic foot, and DR. Furthermore, we discovered that patients with the CC genotype are significantly more likely to develop DN according to both the codominant (OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.09 – 3.45; p = 0.02) and recessive (OR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.12 – 5.08; p = 0.02) models of inheritance. We found a significant association between the SIRT1 rs7069102 polymorphism and DN in T2DM. We speculate that SIRT1 rs7069102 might be an interesting marker of DN.
Features of mental deadaptation formation in powder production workers
Authors: Kuzmina S. V. , Garipova R. V. , Yakhin K. K. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. The aim was to assess the impact of production and non-production risk factors on the formation of mental health disorders in chemical workers.
Materials and methods. 201 employees of the main and 352 employees of the group of control were examined by a clinical method using a clinical structured psychiatric interview; questionnaires to identify additional non-production risk factors; questionnaire of neurotization. The calculations were carried out in the environment of the statistical system R. For modeling dependencies and calculating probabilities, logistic regression models were built, factor analysis was carried out.
Results. The dependence of the formation of prenosological mental disorders in workers on the temporal characteristics, the level of material support and the actual production factors was revealed. The proportion of persons with mental deadaptation MD) in the main group 72.5 %) and the group of control 27.5 %) significantly differ from each other p 0.001).
Conclusions. 1. The structure and the actual risk of MD formation among workers in the production of gunpowder is determined by harmful labor factors, depends on economic security, evolves depending on time characteristics. 2. For persons working under the influence of a chemical factor of the production environment in combination with explosive and fire hazardous works, the leading is astheno-vegetative symptomatology in combination with the personality type of conversion reaction. In the first 9 years of experience, general neurotic reactions are observed with a pronounced contribution from all scales, indicating the tension of adaptation mechanisms up to the formation of decompensation. With an increase in the length of time, the reactions are transformed into a conversion type of response according to the somato-vegetative type with a phobic radical and obsessions, and subsequently manifest themselves in relative independence from characterological reactions. 3. The degree of severity of reactions is characterized by variability, significantly overlapping the types of disorders that can be considered in the framework of Other mood disorders F38.0 and F38.1), which does not give grounds to classify them as F30-F34, since they are not sufficiently pronounced and severe.
Features of amniotic fluid microbiota in full-term pregnancy
Authors: Kaganova M. A. , Spiridonova N. V. , Medvedchikova-Ardiya L. K. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To study the microbial landscape of amniotic fluid in physiological process of full-term pregnancy. Recently, after publication of a number of studies regarding human microbiota (The Human Microbiome Project HMP), there occurred a change in paradigm on absolute sterility of fetal membranes and amniotic fluid in physiologically developing pregnancy.
Materials and methods. At the City Clinical Hospital № 1 named after N.I. Pirogov, during elective cesarean section of 19 pregnant women (at the terms of 3741 weeks) with intact fetal membranes, an amniotic fluid of the following microorganisms was taken by means of PCR-PB: Lactobacillus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis / Prevotella bivia / Porphyromonas spp., Eubacterium spp., Sneathia spp. / Leptotrihia spp. / Fusobacterium spp., Megasphaera spp. / Veillonella spp. / Dialister spp., Lachnobacterium spp. / Clostridium spp., Mobiluncus spp. / Corynebacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Atopobium vaginae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma (urealyticum + parvum), Candida spp., Mycoplasma henitalium.
Results. The general bacterial mass (GBM) of amniotic fluid in intact fetal membranes is 103,02 Ge/copies, in 47.4 % of cases the amniotic fluid is sterile. Microbiota is most often presented by Enterobacteriaceae spp. 37 %, the share of the rest, identified bacteria is 28 %, the share of unknown is 35 %.
Conclusions. In case of physiologically developing pregnancy and intact fetal membranes, the general bacterial mass is low (GBM = 103,02 345 Ge/ml). In the intact amniotic sac the most typical microorganisms living in amniotic fluid are Enterobacteriaceae spp. (37 %), the rest are presented in single instances. The presence of the representatives of anaerobic vaginal dysbiosis as well as lactobacilli is not typical for the intact fetal membranes.
Prolongation of viability of isolated skin explants by exposing them to their own transformed physical fields: experimental study
Authors: Nikityuk I. E. , Afonichev K. A. , Nikitin M. S. , Kubasov V. A. , Petrash V. V. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To study the effect of materials with optical-electrical properties on the survival of full-layer skin explants when they are isolated from the body with completely stopped trophic activity.
Material and methods. In rabbits of both sexes at the age of 5-6 months, full-layer skin flaps were excised from the back area, which were dissected into fragments-explants measuring 1.01.0 cm. All samples were thermostated for 2 days at 37 C near transducers represented by aluminum foil sheets and silicon single crystals. In the first series of experiments, the explants were directly in contact with the transducers; in the second and third series, screens made of light-proof black paper and thin glass were installed between the explants and the transducers, respectively. In each series, the experiments were repeated 5 times with each transducer. After thermostating, the explant viability index was evaluated by histological method in points.
Results. In the first and second series of experiments, the highest survival rate of explants with a viability index from 3.6 to 3.8 points with a norm of 4.0 points) was revealed depending on the type of transducer. In series III, when screening silicon crystals with thin glass, the explant survival rate decreased slightly to 3.3 points. However, the screening of aluminum foil with glass led to a sharp decrease in the viability of explants to 0.2 points.
Conclusions. A long-term viability of skin explants can be explained only by the effect of their own physical fields on them produced by the biostructures of explants and transformed by interaction with nearby materials possessing optical and electrical properties.
Personification of nordic walking course in children with bronchial asthma depending on physical health level and disease control
Authors: Kuzina E. N. , Spivak E. M. , Nezhkina N. N. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a personalized Nordic walking course in children with bronchial asthma.
Material and methods. In conditions of a local sanatorium, 60 children aged 814 years with atopic bronchial asthma in remission were examined, 30 patients received the usual set of health-improving measures (comparison group), 30 patients additionally underwent a course of sports walking, personalized depending on the degree of asthma control and the level of physical health (main group). To evaluate it, the method of L.G. Apanasenko was used. Indicators of external respiration, abdominal and back muscle strength, physical performance, and Robinson and Rufier indices were determined. The children were examined twice: before and after the rehabilitation course. The dynamics of functional indicators was expressed as a percentage increase in relation to the initial values.
Results. It was found that 36.7 % of patients had a low, 53.3 % average and only 10 % high level of physical health. Only 10 % had a complete asthma control, and 90 % of children had a partial control. The use of a personalized sports walking course helped to improve the functional parameters of external respiration, muscular and cardiovascular systems. In the comparison group, the positive dynamics of most of functional indicators was significantly less obvious.
Conclusions. The course of Nordic walking in children with bronchial asthma at the stage of rehabilitation should be personalized taking into account the level of physical health and the degree of disease control. This technology in this category of patients has a significant positive health-strengthening effect, which is manifested by improving the functional state of the muscular, respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
El esquema de residencias médicas en Colombia: entre lo laboral y lo estatal
Authors: Barreto Moreno Antonio Alejandro , Zambrano Parra María Camila 
Published: January 2021

Law 1917 of 2018 created the National System of Medical Residences, which regulates everything related to the benefit situation and the conditions in which residents, that is, those who are completing their studies in medical specializationwill carry out their training in health care institutions (IPS). Essentially, the standard has two fundamental aspects: the contract for the training of residents concluded between the resident and the IPS; and the fund for its financing, administered by the Administrator of the Resources of the General Health Social Security System.
As it is a sui generis situation that does not have a national legislative precedent until the issuance of the law in 2018 -a rule that would later be regulated by resolutions and that would be the subject in June 2020 of the issuance of an operational manual of the Ministry of Health, It is therefore important to determine the legal nature of the

special contract and the financing fund. To do this, a hermeneutic method was used that starts from the analysis of the background of the norm from the Latin American and local experiences. From this, the characteristics of the scheme were identified and the special contract financed essentially by the State was characterized under the current law, the regulations and the operating manual. In addition, special State procurement schemes are categorized under four criteria: (i) by fund, (ii) by entity, (iii) by sector and (iv) by contract. Finally, it will be concluded that both the special contract and the fund that will allow its financing are special procurement regimes.