bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronized Reagent Delivery in Double Emulsions for Triggering Chemical Reactions and Gene Expression
Authors: Stucki Ariane , Jusková Petra , Nuti Nicola , Schmitt Steven , Dittrich Petra S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic methods for the formation of single and double emulsion (DE) droplets allow for the encapsulation and isolation of reactants inside nanoliter compartments. Such methods have greatly enhanced the toolbox for high‐throughput screening for cell or enzyme engineering and drug discovery. However, remaining challenges in the supply of reagents into these enclosed compartments limit the applicability of droplet microfluidics. Here, a strategy is introduced for on‐demand delivery of reactants in DEs. Lipid vesicles are used as reactant carriers, which are co‐encapsulated in double emulsions and release their cargo upon addition of an external trigger, here the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The reagent present inside the lipid vesicles stays isolated from the remaining content of the DE vessel until SDS enters the DE lumen and solubilizes the vesicles’ lipid bilayer. The versatility of the method is demonstrated with two critical applications chosen as representative assays for high‐throughput screening: the induction of gene expression in bacteria and the initiation of an enzymatic reaction. This method not only allows for the release of the lipid vesicle content inside DEs to be synchronized for all DEs but also for the release to be triggered at any desired time.
Location of obstetric anal sphincter injury scars on translabial tomographic ultrasound
Authors: Dietz H. P. , Kreft M. , Subramaniam N. , Robledo K. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveObstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is a common preventable cause of anal incontinence. Both diagnosis and primary repair of OASI are often suboptimal, partly owing to the absence of effective clinical audit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the location of scars or defects of the external anal sphincter (EAS), diagnosed by translabial ultrasound (TLUS), following primary OASI repair.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 309 women who were seen at a tertiary obstetric unit after primary repair of OASI between June 2012 and May 2019. All women underwent a standardized interview, including St Mark's incontinence score, followed by clinical examination and TLUS assessment within 2–9 months after OASI repair. Postprocessing of TLUS volume datasets was performed by an investigator who was blinded to all other information. Tomographic ultrasound imaging was used to evaluate the presence of a scar or defect in the proximal and distal parts of the EAS. Women were classified into four groups according to the imaging findings: (1) no visible defect or distortion (likely false positive); (2) only proximal OASI; (3) only distal OASI; and (4) both proximal and distal OASI.ResultsOf the 309 women seen during the study period, 34 were excluded because they were referred for reasons other than recent (< 1 year) OASI, 16 owing to missing data and four owing to poor image quality, leaving 255 patients for analysis. Women were seen on average 0.25 ± 0.1 years after the index birth, and their mean age at delivery was 29.1 ± 4.6 years. Anal incontinence was reported by 97 (38.0%) women. A scar or defect was seen only in the proximal part of the EAS in 64 (25.1%) women and only in the distal part in 19 (7.5%) (P < 0.001). In 165 (64.7%) women, the damage affected both the proximal and distal EAS.ConclusionsEAS scars after primary OASI repair commonly affect the entire length of the EAS; however, partial tears seem to be more likely to occur proximally. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Evaluation of Wall‐Barriers to Manage Human Conflict with Asian Elephants in India
Authors: Natarajan Lakshminarayanan , Kumar Ankit , Qureshi Qamar , Desai Ajay A , Pandav Bivash 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) in the foothills of the Himalayas is one of the four major elephant ranges in India. In response to the escalating problem of crop raiding by elephants, the State Forest Department of Uttarakhand (UKFD) has built walls along the forest boundary in several protected areas and multiple‐use forest divisions. Given the high costs of constructing walls and the growing demand from farmers, the UKFD solicited an evaluation of wall efficacy. In response, we surveyed 98.4 km of walls in the TAL to assess frequency of breaches. We used generalized linear models to examine the influence of 7 explanatory variables on variation in breach frequencies between stretches of the wall. We observed 598 breaches and 87 weak spots in the 98.4 km of walls. Elephants caused 48% of the breaches, suggesting that walls in the TAL were not effective barriers against elephants. Explanatory variables of wall length, forest division, relative density of elephants, and land use along the wall stretches explained variation in wall breach frequencies. Based on our results, walls would only reduce elephant intrusion on 9 stretches (>1 km) totaling 11.8 km (approximately 12% of the wall stretches built in TAL). © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Probing QCD dynamics and the standard model with $$ {D}_{(s)}^{+}\to {P}_1^{+}{P}_2^0\gamma $$ decays
Authors: Adolph Nico , Hiller Gudrun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We compute 10 radiative three-body decays of charged charmed mesons $$ {D}^{+}\to {P}_1^{+}{P}_2^0\gamma $$

D
+

→

P
1
+

P
2
0

γ
and $$ {D}_s\to {P}_1^{+}{P}_2^0\gamma $$

D
s

→

P
1
+

P
2
0

γ
, P1,2 = π, K, in leading order QCDF, HHχPT and the soft photon approximation. We work out decay distributions and asymmetries in the standard model and with new physics in the electromagnetic dipole operators. The forward-backward asymmetry is suitable to probe the QCD frameworks, in particular the s-channel dependent weak annihilation contributions in QCDF against the markedly different resonance structure in HHχPT. These studies can be performed with Cabibbo-favored modes Ds → π+π0γ, $$ {D}^{+}\to {\pi}^{+}{\overline{K}}^0\gamma $$

D
+

→

π
+

K
¯

0

γ
and $$ {D}_s\to {K}^{+}{\overline{K}}^0\gamma $$

D
s

→

K
+

K
¯

0

γ
with $$ \mathcal{O}\left({10}^{-4}-{10}^{-3}\right)\hbox{-} \mathrm{level} $$
O

10

−
4

−

10

−
3

‐
level
branching ratio, which are standard model-like and induced by different hadronic dynamics. Understanding of the latter can therefore be improved in a data-driven way and sharpens the interpretation of standard model tests. Singly Cabibbo-suppressed modes such as D+ → π+π0γ, Ds → π+K0γ, Ds → K+π0γ with branching ratios within ∼ 10−5–10−4 are sensitive to new physics that can be signalled in the forward-backward asymmetry and in the CP-asymmetry of the rate, ideally in the Dalitz region but also in single differential distributions. Results complement those with neutral D0→ P1P2γ decays.
DeRAS I – deutsche Situation der robotisch assistierten Chirurgie – eine Online-Survey-Studie
Authors: Krüger C. M. , Rückbeil O. , Sebestyen U. , Schlick T. , Kürbis J. , Riediger H. 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die robotische Assistenz hat sich in der Chirurgie etabliert, ist aber noch kein Standard. Der aktuelle Stand der klinischen Verbreitung in Deutschland ist weiter unklar. Industrieunabhängige Quellen sind rar.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Umfrage ist es, den aktuellen Stand der robotisch assistierten Chirurgie (RAS) fachübergreifend in Deutschland im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2018 zu untersuchen.

Materialien und Methoden
Mit einer Internetrecherche wurden Krankenhäuser (KH) und Fachabteilungen (FA) mit Zugang zur RAS identifiziert. Die FA wurden aufgefordert, ihre Daten aus den Jahren 2014 bis 2018 zu teilen. Neben klinischen Daten wurden Daten zu Nutzung, Implementierung, Training und Finanzierung abgefragt.

Ergebnisse
Am 31.12.2018 wurde die RAS an 121 KH in Deutschland angeboten. 383 FA mit Zugang zur RAS wurden identifiziert. 26 % (n = 98) der FA haben geantwortet. Im Mittel verfügte jede FA über zwei Konsolenchirurgen. 10 % der KH verfügten über mehr als 1 RAS-System. 100 % der erfassten RAS-Systeme stammten von der Firma Intuitive Surgical Inc., CA, USA. Die RAS wurde zu 65 % in der Urologie implementiert, zu 12 % in der Viszeralchirurgie (VC). 21 % der Programme erfolgten interdisziplinär und 4 % multidisziplinär (> 3). 83 % der Systeme wurden gekauft, 17 % anderweitig finanziert. Bei den Operationsmehrkosten gaben 74 % der Kliniken an, diese selbst zu tragen. 14 % wählten eine Umlage. Seit 2014 steigerten sich die Eingriffe um den Faktor 4 auf ca. 8000. Der Anteil der VC steigerte sich um das Fünffache seit 2016.

Schlussfolgerung
Die RAS erlebte in Deutschland bis 2018 ein starkes Wachstum. Das Eingriffsspektrum entspricht dem der Laparoskopie. Bei aktuell fehlender Kostenerstattung für den technischen Mehraufwand, wird die RAS überwiegend im mittel- und hochkomplexen Bereich eingesetzt. Der Online-Survey ist eine gute Methode, ohne hohen administrativen Aufwand unabhängige Daten zu erheben.
Prognosefaktoren für das Gesamtüberleben bei Oropharynxkarzinomen in Abhängigkeit vom HPV-Status
Authors: Riders A. , Oberste M. , Abbaspour B. , Beule A. , Rudack C. 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Karzinogenese, Prognose und klinischen Manifestation werden seit der 8. Auflage des TNM-Klassifikationssystems der UICC/AJCC (UICC 8) humane Papillomavirus (HPV)-assoziierte und HPV-negative oropharyngeale Plattenepithelkarzinome (OSCC) als 2 Entitäten separat klassifiziert.

Material und Methoden
Insgesamt 524 Patienten mit einem im Zeitraum von 2000–2016 in der HNO-Klinik des Universitätsklinikums Münster behandelten OSCC wurden hinsichtlich des Nachweises von HPV-Typ-16-spezifischer DNA (HPV16-DNA), des Nikotin- und Alkoholkonsums sowie des Therapieeinflusses auf das Gesamtüberleben (GÜ) untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Ein signifikanter Anstieg der jährlichen Prävalenz der HPV16-DNA-positiven OSCC von 40 % (n = 12/30) im Jahr 2000 auf 46 % (n = 18/39) im Jahr 2016 wurde verzeichnet (p = 0,025, β = 0,539). 89 % (n = 212) der HPV16-DNA-positiven OSCC wurden anhand der UICC 8 gegenüber der UICC 7 herabgestuft. Im Gesamtkollektiv zeigten der häufige Alkohol- und Nikotinkonsum (≥ 10 Packungsjahre) einen statistisch relevanten negativen Einfluss auf das GÜ (p = 0,004 und p = 0,009). Auch häufiger Alkoholkonsum war in der HPV16-DNA-negativen Gruppe prognoserelevant (p = 0,049). In der HPV16-DNA-positiven Gruppe zeigte sich bezüglich des GÜ zwischen den UICC-Stadien I und II (p = 0,481) sowie zwischen III und IV (p = 0,439) gemäß UICC 8 kein statistischer Unterschied.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die UICC 8 verbessert zwar die Prognosestratifikation der OSCC durch die Trennung von HPV-positiven und HPV-negativen Tumoren im Vergleich zu UICC 7, die prognostische Aussagekraft der UICC 8 für die HPV-assoziierten OSCC ist jedoch weiterhin unzureichend. Der Noxenkonsum könnte zukünftig Einfluss auf die UICC-Klassifikation nehmen, um die prognostische Aussagekraft weiter zu verbessern.
Capability accumulation and product innovation: an agent-based perspective
Authors: Gräbner Claudius , Hornykewycz Anna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper studiesthe relevance of productheterogeneity and relatedness for the accumulation ofcapabilities in firms, as well as their implications for innovation dynamics. The existing literature has produced extensive evidence on the relevance of capability accumulation for innovation processes. Yet, an assessment of prior attempts to model these processes indicates that when it comes to the final consumption good sector, the evolutionary macroeconomic literature has focused on process rather than product innovation. To facilitate the consideration of empirical and microeconomic insights on product innovation in these models, this paper introduces a simple agent-based model, which may later serve as an innovation module in macroeconomic models. In the model, firms accumulate capabilities to produce final consumption goods that are heterogeneous in terms of their complexity and differ in their relatedness to each other. The model is used to study theoretical implications of different topological structures underlying product relatedness by conducting simulations with different ‘product spaces’. The analysis suggests that the topological structure of the product space, the assumed relationship between product complexity and centrality, as well as the relevance of product complexity in price setting dynamics have significant but nontrivial implications and deserve further attention in evolutionary macroeconomics.
Fully automated analysis combining [18F]-FET-PET and multiparametric MRI including DSC perfusion and APTw imaging: a promising tool for objective evaluation of glioma progression
Authors: Paprottka K. J. , Kleiner S. , Preibisch C. , Kofler F. , Schmidt-Graf F. , Delbridge C. , Bernhardt D. , Combs S. E. , Gempt J. , Meyer B. , Zimmer C. , Menze B. H. , Yakushev I. , Kirschke J. S. , Wiestler B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of fully automated analysis of multimodal imaging data using [18F]-FET-PET and MRI (including amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging and dynamic-susceptibility-contrast (DSC) perfusion) in differentiation of tumor progression from treatment-related changes in patients with glioma.

Material and methods
At suspected tumor progression, MRI and [18F]-FET-PET data as part of a retrospective analysis of an observational cohort of 66 patients/74 scans (51 glioblastoma and 23 lower-grade-glioma, 8 patients included at two different time points) were automatically segmented into necrosis, FLAIR-hyperintense, and contrast-enhancing areas using an ensemble of deep learning algorithms. In parallel, previous MR exam was processed in a similar way to subtract preexisting tumor areas and focus on progressive tumor only. Within these progressive areas, intensity statistics were automatically extracted from [18F]-FET-PET, APTw, and DSC-derived cerebral-blood-volume (CBV) maps and used to train a Random Forest classifier with threefold cross-validation. To evaluate contribution of the imaging modalities to the classifier’s performance, impurity-based importance measures were collected. Classifier performance was compared with radiology reports and interdisciplinary tumor board assessments.

Results
In 57/74 cases (77%), tumor progression was confirmed histopathologically (39 cases) or via follow-up imaging (18 cases), while remaining 17 cases were diagnosed as treatment-related changes. The classification accuracy of the Random Forest classifier was 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.93 (sensitivity 0.91, 95% CI 0.81–0.97; specificity 0.71, 95% CI 0.44–0.9), significantly above the no-information rate of 0.77 (p = 0.03), and higher compared to an accuracy of 0.82 for MRI (95% CI 0.72–0.9), 0.81 for [18F]-FET-PET (95% CI 0.7–0.89), and 0.81 for expert consensus (95% CI 0.7–0.89), although these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.1 for all comparisons, McNemar test). [18F]-FET-PET hot-spot volume was single-most important variable, with relevant contribution from all imaging modalities.

Conclusion
Automated, joint image analysis of [18F]-FET-PET and advanced MR imaging techniques APTw and DSC perfusion is a promising tool for objective response assessment in gliomas.
Prevention of coronary obstruction in patients at risk undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the Hamburg BASILICA experience
Authors: Westermann Dirk , Ludwig Sebastian , Kalbacher Daniel , Spink Clemens , Linder Matthias , Bhadra Oliver D. , Nikorowitsch Julius , Waldschmidt Lara , Demal Till , Voigtländer Lisa , Schaefer Andreas , Seiffert Moritz , Pecha Simon , Schofer Niklas , Greenbaum Adam B. , Reichenspurner Hermann , Blankenberg Stefan , Conradi Lenard , Schirmer Johannes 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the clinical outcome of the bioprosthetic or native aortic scallop intentional laceration to prevent iatrogenic coronary obstruction (BASILICA) technique in a single-center patient cohort considered at high or prohibitive risk of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)-induced coronary obstruction.

Methods
Between October 2019 and January 2021, a total of 15 consecutive patients (age 81.0 [78.1, 84.4] years; 53.3% female; EuroSCORE II 10.6 [6.3, 14.8] %) underwent BASILICA procedure prior to TAVI at our institution. Indications for TAVI were degeneration of stented (n = 12, 80.0%) or stentless (n = 1, 6.7%) bioprosthetic aortic valves, or calcific stenosis of native aortic valves (n = 2, 13.3%), respectively. Individual risk of TAVI-induced coronary obstruction was assessed by pre-procedural computed tomography analysis. Procedural and 30-day outcomes were documented in accordance with Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)-2 criteria.

Results
BASILICA was attempted for single left coronary cusp in 12 patients (80.0%), for single right coronary cusp in 2 patients (13.3%), and for both cusps in 1 patient (6.7%), respectively. The procedure was feasible in 13 patients (86.7%) resulting in effective prevention of coronary obstruction, whilst TAVI was performed without prior successful bioprosthetic leaflet laceration in two patients (13.3%). In one of these patients (6.7%), additional chimney stenting immediately after TAVI was performed. No all-cause deaths or strokes were documented after 30 days.

Conclusion
The BASILICA technique appears to be a feasible, safe and effective concept to avoid iatrogenic coronary artery obstruction during TAVI in both native and bioprosthetic valves of patients at high or prohibitive risk.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04227002 (Hamburg AoRtic Valve cOhoRt).
Pervasive fluid-rock interaction in subducted oceanic crust revealed by oxygen isotope zoning in garnet
Authors: Bovay Thomas , Rubatto Daniela , Lanari Pierre 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDehydration reactions in the subducting slab liberate fluids causing major changes in rock density, volume and permeability. Although it is well known that the fluids can migrate and interact with the surrounding rocks, fluid pathways remain challenging to track and the consequences of fluid-rock interaction processes are often overlooked. In this study, we investigate pervasive fluid-rock interaction in a sequence of schists and mafic felses exposed in the Theodul Glacier Unit (TGU), Western Alps. This unit is embedded within metaophiolites of the Zermatt-Saas Zone and reached eclogite-facies conditions during Alpine convergence. Chemical mapping and in situ oxygen isotope analyses of garnet from the schists reveal a sharp chemical zoning between a xenomorphic core and a euhedral rim, associated to a drop of ~ 8‰ in δ18O. Thermodynamic and δ18O models show that the large amount of low δ18O H2O required to change the reactive bulk δ18O composition cannot be produced by dehydration of the mafic fels from the TGU only, and requires a large contribution of the surrounding serpentinites. The calculated time-integrated fluid flux across the TGU rocks is 1.1 × 105 cm3/cm2, which is above the open-system behaviour threshold and argues for pervasive fluid flow at kilometre-scale under high-pressure conditions. The transient rock volume variations caused by lawsonite breakdown is identified as a possible trigger for the pervasive fluid influx. The calculated schist permeability at eclogite-facies conditions (~ 2 × 10–20 m2) is comparable to the permeability determined experimentally for blueschist and serpentinites.
Functioning of EPR Automatic Frequency Control in the Presence of the Circulator’s Spurious Leakage
Authors: Kozioł Jerzy , Froncisz Wojciech 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of spurious signals’ influence on automatic frequency control (AFC) in EPR spectrometers. The primary source of spurious signals is leakage across the circulator in the microwave bridge. Additionally, the signals reflected from connectors in the line between the circulator and the resonator modify that signal. Spurious signals may degrade the performance of AFC, significantly offsetting lock points from the center frequency of the resonator. The offset’s size depends on the parameters of the resonator and the amount of the circulator isolation. It can be minimized by the appropriate use of a phase shifter located in the line between the circulator and the resonator. Another way to avoid these problems is to introduce a leakage compensation arm to the microwave bridge.
Linear and nonlinear effects of nutrient enrichments on the diversity of macrobenthos in lowland watercourses
Authors: Koperski Paweł 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study concerns the relationships between taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of benthic invertebrates inhabiting watercourses and abiotic parameters associated with excessive nutrients load (concentration of Kjejdahl nitrogen, nitrates, phosphorus, organic carbon and dissolved oxygen, values of BOD5 and electrolytic conductivity). The research used data on the species composition of leeches, molluscs and larval forms of odonates and chironomid dipterans. Their description using mathematical functions allowed to determine whether the diversity reaches maximal values at extreme or moderate values of nutrients enrichment. In most cases, statistically significant relationships were unimodal—the highest diversity was observed at intermediate values of nutrients content and associated parameters, however the different patterns of relationships, monotonic and inverse quadratic, were also observed. Indirect impacts of nutrients enrichment on diversity were found as the most significant relationships. Significant responses of functional diversity were clearer and stronger than responses of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. The identification of fauna to the species level allowed for obtaining precise results that could enable selection of appropriate parameters for effective assessment of environmental degradation.
Over a decade of social opinion mining: a systematic review
Authors: Cortis Keith , Davis Brian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSocial media popularity and importance is on the increase due to people using it for various types of social interaction across multiple channels. This systematic review focuses on the evolving research area of Social Opinion Mining, tasked with the identification of multiple opinion dimensions, such as subjectivity, sentiment polarity, emotion, affect, sarcasm and irony, from user-generated content represented across multiple social media platforms and in various media formats, like text, image, video and audio. Through Social Opinion Mining, natural language can be understood in terms of the different opinion dimensions, as expressed by humans. This contributes towards the evolution of Artificial Intelligence which in turn helps the advancement of several real-world use cases, such as customer service and decision making. A thorough systematic review was carried out on Social Opinion Mining research which totals 485 published studies and spans a period of twelve years between 2007 and 2018. The in-depth analysis focuses on the social media platforms, techniques, social datasets, language, modality, tools and technologies, and other aspects derived. Social Opinion Mining can be utilised in many application areas, ranging from marketing, advertising and sales for product/service management, and in multiple domains and industries, such as politics, technology, finance, healthcare, sports and government. The latest developments in Social Opinion Mining beyond 2018 are also presented together with future research directions, with the aim of leaving a wider academic and societal impact in several real-world applications.