bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfecting the Imperfect: Introducing dorsoventral patterning into adult regenerating lizard tails with gene-edited embryonic neural stem cells.
Authors: Lozito Thomas , Londono Ricardo , Sun Aaron , Hudnall Megan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lizards are able to regrow amputated tails, but the lizard tail regenerative process fails to recapitulate the dorsoventral patterning achieved during embryonic tail development. Regenerated lizard tails form ependymal tubes (ETs) that, like embryonic tail neural tubes (NTs), induce cartilage differentiation in surrounding cells via sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. Embryonic NTs are, themselves, dorsoventrally patterned, with Pax7+ Shh- dorsal roof plate domains that restrict cartilage skeletal formation induced by Pax7- Shh+ floor domains to ventral tail regions. However, adult regenerated tail ETs lack characteristically roof plate-associated structures and express Shh throughout their circumferences, resulting in the formation of unpatterned cartilage tube skeletons. Both NTs and ETs contain populations of neural stem cells (NSCs), but only embryonic NSC populations are able to differentiate into roof plate identities and neurons. Embryonic NSCs transplanted into regenerated tail ETs retain the capacity to form roof domains but are ultimately ventralized by the unchecked hedgehog signaling of regenerated lizard tail environments. We hypothesized that only the simultaneous repression of hedgehog signaling and enhancement of NCS roof plate differentiation capacity would induce patterning in lizard ETs and, hence, regenerated cartilage. This was tested through the use of a novel genetic engineering process in which NSCs are isolated from embryos of the parthenogenetic lizard Lepidodactylus lugubris, gene-edited in vivo, and implanted back into clonally-identical adults to regulate tail regeneration. Embryonic lizard NSC lines unresponsive to hedgehog stimulation were generated through the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies to knockout (KO) the signaling regulator smoothened (Smo). Exogenous Smo KO NSCs were injected into adult tail spinal cords, where they engrafted to endogenous ependymal cell populations and contributed to dorsal domains in regenerated tail ETs. Embryonic Smo KO NSCs maintained roof plate identities in vivo, and lizards treated with edited NSCs regrew tails that lacked cartilage in dorsal regions. These studies represent an important milestone in the creation of the first regenerated lizard tails with dorsoventrally patterned ETs and skeletal tissues.
Contextual Prediction Errors Reorganize Naturalistic Episodic Memories in Time
Authors: Yazin Fahd , Das Moumita , Banerjee Arpan , Roy Dipanjan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Episodic memories are contextual experiences ordered in time. This is underpinned by associative binding between events within the same contexts. The role of prediction errors in declarative memory is well established but has not been investigated in the time dimension of complex episodic memories. Here we combine these two properties of episodic memory, extend them into the temporal domain and demonstrate that prediction errors in different naturalistic contexts lead to changes in the temporal ordering of event structures in them. The wrongly predicted older sequences were weakened despite reactivating them after. Interestingly, the newly encoded sequences with prediction errors, seen once, showed as high accuracy as control sequences which were viewed repeatedly without change. Drift-diffusion modelling revealed a lower decision threshold for the newer sequences compared to older sequences, reflected by their faster recall. Moreover participants’ adjustments to their decision threshold could significantly predict their relative speed of sequence memory recall. This suggests a temporally distinct and adaptive role for prediction errors in learning and reorganizing episodic sequences.
Potentilla Reptans L. Postconditioning Protects Reperfusion Injury Via The RISK/SAFE Pathways in An Isolated Rat Heart
Authors: Enayati Ayesheh , Salehi Aref , Alilou Mostafa , Stuppner Hermann , Polshekan Mirali , Rajaei Maryam , Pourabouk Mona , Mazaheri Zohreh , Yassa Narguess , Jabbari Ali , Moheimani Hamid Reza , Khori Vahid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Our previous study indicated that Potentilla reptans root has a preconditioning effect by its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects in an isolated rat heart ischemia/reperfusion (IR) model. In the present study, we investigated the post-conditioning cardio-protective effects of Potentilla reptans and its active substances.Methods: The ethyl acetate fraction of P. reptans root (Et) was subjected to an IR model under 30 min of ischemia and 100 min of reperfusion. To investigate the postconditioning effect, Et was perfused for 15 min at the early phase of reperfusion. RISK/SAFE pathway inhibitors, 5HD and L-NAME, were applied individually 10 min before the ischemia, either alone or in combination with Et during the early reperfusion phase. The hemodynamic factors and ventricular arrhythmia were calculated during the reperfusion. Oxidative stress, apoptosis markers, GSK-3β and SGK1 proteins were assessed at the end of experiments.Results: Et postconditioning (Etpost) significantly reduced the infarct size, arrhythmia score, ventricular fibrillation incidence, and enhanced the hemodynamic parameters by decreasing the MDA level and increasing expression of Nrf2, SOD and CAT activities. Meanwhile, Etpost increased the BCl-2/BAX ratio and decreased Caspase-3 expression. The cardioprotective effect of Etpost was abrogated by L-NAME, Wortmannin (a PI3K/Akt inhibitor), and AG490 (a JAK/STAT3 inhibitor). Finally, Etpost reduced the expression of GSK-3β and SGK1 proteins pertaining to the IR group. Conclusion: P. reptans reveals the post-conditioning effects via the Nrf2 pathway, NO release, and the RISK/SAFE pathway. Also, Etpost decreased apoptotic indexes by inhibiting GSK-3β and SGK1 expressions. Hence, our data suggest that Etpost can be a suitable natural candidate to protect cardiomyocytes during reperfusion injury.
What is a prevention visit? A qualitative study of a structured approach to prevention and screening – the BETTER WISE project
Authors: Sopcak Nicolette , Fernandes Carolina , O'Brien Mary Ann , Ofosu Daniel , Wong Melanie , Wong Tracy , Kebbe Maryam , Manca Donna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: This qualitative study is a sub-component of BETTER WISE, a comprehensive and structured approach that proactively addresses chronic disease prevention, screening, and cancer survivorship, including screening for poverty and addressing lifestyle risks for patients aged 40 to 65. Patients (n=527) from 13 primary care clinics (urban, rural, and remote) in Alberta, Ontario, and Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada attended a one-hour prevention visit delivered by a Prevention Practitioner (PP) as part of BETTER WISE. We identified the key components of a BETTER WISE prevention visit based on patients’ and primary care providers’ perspectives. Methods: Primary care providers (PPs, physicians and their staff) participated in 14 focus groups and 19 key informant interviews to share their perspectives on the BETTER WISE project. Of 527 patients who attended a BETTER WISE prevention visit with a PP, we received 356 patient feedback forms. We also collected field notes and memos and employed thematic analysis using a constant comparative method focusing on the BETTER WISE prevention visit. Results: We identified four key themes related to a BETTER WISE prevention visit: 1) Creating a safe environment and building trust with patients: PPs provided sufficient time and a safe space for patients to share what was important to them, including their concerns related to poverty, alcohol consumption, and mental health, topics that were often not shared with physicians; 2) Providing personalized health education: PPs used the BETTER WISE tools to provide patients with a personalized overview of their health status and eligible screening; 3) Non-judgmental empowering of patients: Instead of directing patients on what to do, PPs evoked patients’ preferences and helped them to set goals (if desired); and 4) Integrating care for patients: PPs clarified information from patients’ charts and surveys with physicians and helped patients to navigate resources within and outside of the primary care team.Conclusions: The results of this study underscore the importance of personalized, trusting, non-judgmental, and integrated relationships between primary care providers and patients to effectively address chronic disease prevention, screening, and cancer survivorship as demonstrated by the BETTER WISE prevention visits. Trial registration: This qualitative study is a sub-component of the BETTER WISE pragmatic, cRCT, trial registration ISRCTN21333761 (date of registration 19/12/2016)
Comparing the Characteristics and Predicting the Survival of Head and Neck Melanoma versus Body Melanoma: A Population-based Study
Authors: Ding Yuxin , Jiang Runyi , Chen Yuhong , Jing Jing , Yang Xiaoshuang , Wu Xianjie , Zhang Xiaoyang , Xu Jiali , Xu Piaopiao , LiuHuang ShuChen , Lu Zhongfa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have reported poorer survival in head and neck melanoma (HNM) than in body melanoma (BM). Individualized tools to predict the prognosis for patients with HNM or BM remain insufficient. We aim to compare the characteristics of HNM and BM, and establish and validate the nomograms for predicting the 3-, 5- and 10-year survival of patients with HNM or BM.Methods: We studied patients with HNM or BM from 2004 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The HNM group and BM group were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. We performed the Kaplan-Meier method for survival analysis, and used multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to identify independent prognostic factors. Nomograms for HNM patients or BM patients were developed via the rms package, and were measured by the concordance index (C-index), the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and calibration plots.Results: Of 70605 patients acquired, 21% (n=15071) had HNM and 79% (n=55534) had BM. The HNM group contained more older patients, male patients, and lentigo maligna melanoma, and more frequently had thicker tumors and metastases than the BM group. The 5-year CSS and OS rates were 88.1±0.3% and 74.4±0.4% in the HNM group and 92.5±0.1% and 85.8±0.2% in the BM group, respectively. Eight independent prognostic factors (age, sex, histology, thickness, ulceration, stage, metastases, and surgery) were identified to construct nomograms for HNM patients or BM patients. The performance of the nomograms were excellent: the C-index of the CSS prediction for HNM patients and BM patients in the training cohort were 0.839 and 0.895, respectively; in the validation cohort, they were 0.848 and 0.888, respectively; the AUCs for the 3-, 5- and 10-year CSS rates of HNM were 0.871, 0.865 and 0.854 (training), and 0.881, 0.879 and 0.861 (validation), respectively; of BM, the AUCs were 0.924, 0.918 and 0.901 (training) and 0.916, 0.908 and 0.893 (validation), respectively; and the calibration plots showed great consistency.Conclusions: The characteristics of HNM and BM are heterogeneous, and we constructed and validated specific nomograms as practical prognostic tools for patients with HNM or BM.
Relationship between corticosteroid effect on dyspnea, prognosis prediction, and actual survival
Authors: Katayama Hideki , Tabata Masahiro , Mimura Yusuke , Kiura Katsuyuki , Matsuoka Junji , Kamei Haruhito , Maeda Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and Aim: The effect of corticosteroids on dyspnea in patients with advanced cancer is expected to be associated with patient prognosis, though details about this are unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between prognostic indicators, actual survival, and the effect of corticosteroid administration on dyspnea in patients with advanced cancer.Method: We predicted the prognosis using the PaP score (palliative prognostic score) at the time of corticosteroid administration in 56 consecutive patients with cancer who started corticosteroid treatment for dyspnea at a single palliative care unit, and compared it with the actual survival. In addition, we investigated the relationship between the effect of corticosteroids on dyspnea, the prognostic score before administration, the actual survival, and other background factors.Results: The effect of corticosteroids strongly correlated with the actual survival, but not the prognostic score before corticosteroid administration, although it was correlated with prognostic score and actual survival. In addition, the effect of corticosteroids on dyspnea was less associated with other factors.Conclusion: The corticosteroid effect strongly associated with actual survival, but not the prognostic score. It was suggested that the effect of corticosteroids in patients could be predicted by using a more accurate prognosis prediction in the future.
Is there a difference in the diagnosis and prognosis of local recurrence between autologous tissue and implant-based breast reconstruction?
Authors: Min Kyunghyun , Han Hyun Ho , Kim Eun Key , Lee Sae Byul , Kim Jisun , Chung Il Yong , Kim Hee Jeong , Ko Beom Seok , Lee Jong Won , Son Byung Ho , Ahn Sei Hyun , Eom Jin Sup 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Breast reconstruction has become common after total mastectomy; however, certain types of breast reconstruction may be associated with delayed local recurrence or poor survival. Here we investigated whether there are differences in the diagnosis and prognosis of local recurrence between autologous reconstruction and implant reconstruction.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing breast cancer surgery with autologous tissue or immediate implant reconstruction in a single center (January 2003–December 2017). Patient data including the period from cancer surgery to local recurrence diagnosis, tumor size at the time of recurrence, and survival times after cancer surgery and recurrence detection were analyzed.
Results
There was a significant difference (p = 0.021) in the time from surgery to recurrence between the autologous tissue (1,246 days) and implant (909 days) groups. Recurrence tumor size did not differ (autologous: 1.00 cm2 vs. implant: 0.90 cm2; p = 0.813). Survival time after surgery (p = 0.63) and recurrence detection (p = 0.74) did not statistically vary.
Conclusions
Local recurrence detection takes longer following autologous reconstruction. However, there is no difference in recurrence tumor size or survival, suggesting no variation in the prognosis of local recurrence according to the reconstruction method.
Initial Allocation of SO2 Emission Rights Based on the Combination Weighting Method: Evidence from China’s Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Qu Ying , Yuan Yingmin , Guo Lingling , Li Yusha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Emission trading system is an effective market-oriented means to control pollutant emission and reasonable initial allocation of emission rights is the premise of its smooth implementation. However, at present, the initial allocation of emission rights depends largely on the amount of emissions, which leads to weak positive guidance effect for enterprises. So to explore the optimal initial allocation method of SO2 emission rights, this paper takes 8 thermal power plants in Dalian, China as the research objects to calculate the initial allocation of SO2 emission rights. Because SO2 is the main cause of acid rain, which is one of the most serious air pollution in China, and thermal power plants are among the main SO2-emitters. Firstly, an indicator system is established considering enterprise size, pollutant discharge and social contributions, as well as pollution control capacity. Then, the combination weighting method is developed through integrating the subjective methods G1 and G2 with the objective ones, entropy and maximum deviation. The empirical results show that the enterprises with more desulfurization equipment or large heating supply are supposed to get more emission rights; the actual emission value of SO2 in half of the enterprises exceeds the theoretical ones; SO2 removal rate, desulfurization equipment quantity and heating supply exert the most positive effects on the initial allocation of emission rights. The constructed model can be used as a reference for future research of initial allocation of other pollutants' emission rights. Also, the implications have been proposed for the government, industry, and enterprises.
Synergistic Interferon Alpha-based Drug Combinations Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and other viral Infections in Vitro
Authors: Ianevski Aleksandr , Yao Rouan , Zusinaite Eva , Lello Laura , Wang Sainan , Jo Einji , Yang Jaewon , Lysvand Hilde , Loseth Kirsti , Oksenych Valentyn , Tenson Tanel , Windisch Marc , Poranen Minna , Nieminen Anni , Nordbø Svein Arne , Fenstad Mona , Grodeland Gunnveig , Akrust Pal , Troseid Marius , Kantele Anu , Merits Andres , Bjoras Magnar , Kainov Denis E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There is an urgent need for new antivirals with powerful therapeutic potential and tolerable side effects. In the present study, we found that recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFNa) triggered cell intrinsic and extrinsic antiviral responses and reduced replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells. However, IFNa alone was insufficient to completely abolish SARS-CoV-2 replication. Combinations of IFNa with camostat, remdesivir, EIDD-2801, cycloheximide or convalescent serum showed strong synergy and effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we demonstrated synergistic antiviral activity of IFNa2a with pimodivir against influenza A virus (FluAV) infection in human lung epithelial A549 cells, as well as of IFNa2a with lamivudine against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection in human TZM-bl cells. Our results indicate that IFNa2a-based combinational therapies help to reduce drug dose and improve efficacy in comparison with monotherapies, making them attractive targets for further pre-clinical and clinical development.
Comparative transcriptomes and genome-wide identification reveal salt stress-responsive PP2C in Jute (Corchorus capsularis)
Authors: Ibrahim Aminu Kurawa , Xu Yi , He Qingyao , Niyitanga Sylvain , Afzal Muhammad Zohaib , Zhang Lilan , Qi Jianmin , Zhang Liwu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The jute plant is of great significance and economic relevance to humanity, but its production has been hindered due to abiotic influences, especially salt stress. Hitherto, the molecular bases for this vital feature await future exploration. The abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway comprises many regulated genes and plays a role in plant response to stress, however, a balance between the multiple pathways is always needed for any plant developmental process. In this study, we used a transcriptomic approach to unveil the molecular bases behind this trait. Salt tolerant (J194) and sensitive (J7) germplasms were subjected to sodium chloride (NaCl) stress at a different time point, from which leaf and roots samples were taken for transcriptome analyses. Result: The plant hormone signal transduction pathway was the most abundant observed in the study; the Pyrrolysine (PYL) gene (Cc.03G0016680) was up-regulated, which supports the basic model of abscisic acid (ABA). The quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT –PCR) and the correlation analysis validated the Ribonucleic acid sequence (RNA-seq) results. The candidate genes’ relative expression level was higher in J194, especially in protein phosphate 2C (PP2C). Corchorus capsularis PP2C gene family revealed 38 members, phylogenetic analysis categorized PP2C into 15 based upon conserved domains. Eleven conserved motifs were identified, and most of the genes had the same number of conserved motifs. The exon-intron ranges of (3-21) and (2-20), respectively. Moreover, among the plant hormone signal transduction pathway PP2C genes, Cc.03G0016550 and Cc.07G0028160 were up-regulated in J194 root tissues at 6-hour exposure NaCl, as such recommended to be salt-tolerant candidature genes. It was noted that most of the Corchorus capsularis PP2C genes were involved from segmental duplication, and analysis of the key stress marker salt-tolerant PP2C genes validated the salt tolerance individuals. Conclusion: These results provided valuable insight into salt tolerance transcriptome and indicated that PP2C had provided a stepping-stone to the molecular mechanism in Corchorus capsularis. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes, motifs, gene structure, and the chromosomal location of salt tolerance candidate genes might have experienced functional divergence. As such, their further study will enhance salt tolerance in Corchorus capsularis.
WITHDRAWN: Preparation of side chain liquid crystal polyether chelating resin and its adsorption properties for Cu2+&nbsp;in water
Authors: Qian Chaoyi , Li Meng , Wang Shuang , Gao Qing , Yao Huaiwei , Liang Zhengyong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With epoxycyclohexane as critical modifying monomer, the copolyether was obtained by cationic ring-opening polymerization of epichlorohydrin and epoxycyclohexane. Then biphenyl was used as the mesogen, and diglycolamidic acid was used as the terminal chelating group, a new type of side chain liquid crystal polyether chelating resin was prepared at last. The adsorption influence factors, reuse performance, adsorption model and adsorption kinetics of the chelated resin on Cu 2+ in water were studied systematically. The results showed that the resin has good adsorption and reuse performance for the treatment of Cu 2+ in water, and the adsorption of Cu 2+ is Langmuir monolayer adsorption, and the adsorption process conforms to a quasi-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption performances of the chelated resin has great potential for recovery of copper resource from non-ferrous smelting industry.