bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drama education as part of a good lives model treatment approach
Authors: Verstegen Nienke , Smid Wineke , van der Schoot Jolijn 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Forensic psychiatric treatment is aimed at reducing violence risk factors (Bonta and Andrews, 2017) and achieving positive, prosocial life goals (Willis et al., 2013). Drama education can be provided as part of this treatment, but the evidence base is scarce. Therefore, the present study aims to provide insight into experiences with drama education as part of forensic psychiatric treatment.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study was conducted, based on participant observation and 16 interviews, to explore the experiences of patients and treatment providers with drama education during forensic psychiatric treatment. Analyses were conducted following the consensual qualitative research method (Hill et al., 1997).

Findings
The five central themes that emerged from the analysis were knowledge, happiness, excellence in play, community and staff-patient hierarchy. Participants reported that they enjoyed the drama lessons, appreciated the group atmosphere and were able to practice their social-emotional skills. Furthermore, patients and their treatment providers became better acquainted with each other because the power differences between patients and staff decreased during the drama lessons.

Practical implications
Drama education can be considered a useful part of clinical forensic psychiatric treatment, given the positive experience of participants and its perceived positive impact on treatment.

Originality/value
This was one of the first studies to examine the influence that drama education may have on forensic psychiatric treatment. Four of the five themes were in line with the good lives model (Willis et al., 2013), indicating that drama education fulfiled basic human needs or “primary goods” that are important to address in forensic psychiatric treatment, as it decreases the need to compensate these goods with criminal behaviour.
Effect of COVID-19 on acquisition of employable skills among national service personnel in Ghana
Authors: Segbenya Moses , Baafi-Frimpong Sally Abena , Oppong Nana Yaw 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study examined the effect of COVID-19 on the acquisition of employable skills among national service personnel in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted the cross-sectional descriptive survey design from the positivist paradigm to collect data from a sample of 2,263 out of a population of 77,962 trainees (national service personnel) posted to the public (85.1%) and the private (14.9%) sectors for the 2019/2020 service year. Sampling techniques were simple random, stratify and snowball sampling techniques and Google form softcopy questionnaire was used for data collection.FindingsThe study found that COVID-19 had made workplaces and work schedules very risky for trainees' acquiring employable skills in Ghana because their employers/trainers' were unable to provide adequate PPEs for trainees. Preventive measures such as mandatory leaves, reduced workload/working hours and shift system had reduced the duration for acquiring employable skills which could affect employability and aggravate graduate unemployment in Ghana. The sustainability and quality of job opportunities presented by COVID-19 to graduate trainees-farming; trading and online teaching could also not be guaranteed.Research limitations/implicationsIt was recommended that employers/trainers should provide adequate PPEs, introduce teleworking with the necessary tools and training for their trainees. Educational institutions should provide work-based learning methods in their curricula to enhance employable skills for national service graduates. Government's support for trainees venturing into self-employed job opportunities presented by the COVID-19 was also recommendedPractical implicationsIt was recommended that employers/trainers should provide adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), introduce teleworking with the necessary tools and training for their trainees. Government's support for trainees venturing into self-employed job opportunities presented by the COVID-19 was also recommended.Originality/valueThis paper has not been published anywhere.
Toward a total morality of supply chain acts
Authors: Bagus Philipp , Daumann Frank , Follert Florian 
Published: July 2021

PurposeIn response to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights from 2011, several governments are enacting laws against exploitation in global supply chains. Such a legislative proposal is problematic in several respects. The authors aim to discuss these problems from an ethical perspective to provide a theoretical basis for law-setting and management decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper studies the question based on an ethical framework with a libertarian focus.FindingsFrom the perspective of a property rights-based ethics such a proposal prohibits voluntary exchanges and, thereby, a fundamental human right. From a utilitarian perspective it diminishes the utility of the parties of a potential exchange, because they cannot engage an exchange that they want to make. Moreover, it does not only shift an original state task to companies, but also tries to enforce specific values which are not shared all over the world, in third countries. In addition, it creates considerable restrictions on foreign procurement markets for domestic companies, which counteract the actual objective of the law.Research limitations/implicationsThe research provides managers with a moral compass regarding their supply chain decisions based on property rights ethics and utilitarian considerations. Based on that, they can weigh the arguments and make an informed decision. The paper is limited to these approaches that are often neglected in the public debate.Practical implicationsThe authors’ comprehensive discussion from the perspective of libertarian ethics can be helpful for managers in their decision-making.Social implicationsSupply chain acts have important social implications for people in developing countries as well as companies and consumers in Western countries. This study offers a comprehensive discussion from the perspective of libertarian ethics and can be helpful for entrepreneurs and managers in their decision-making.Originality/valueThe paper intends to encourage researchers from different disciplines to discuss the ethics of supply chain acts and to reflect governmental plans to transform the UN Guiding Principles in national law. It provides managers with a moral compass regarding their supply chain decisions based on property rights ethics and utilitarian considerations. Based on that, they can weigh the arguments and make an informed decision.
Seasonal environmental variability drives microdiversity within a coastal Synechococcus population
Authors: Hunter‐Cevera Kristen R. , Hamilton Bryan R. , Neubert Michael G. , Sosik Heidi M. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryMarine microbes often show a high degree of physiological or ecological diversity below the species level. This microdiversity raises questions about the processes that drive diversification and permit coexistence of diverse yet closely related marine microbes, especially given the theoretical efficiency of competitive exclusion. Here, we provide insight with an 8‐year time series of diversity within Synechococcus, a widespread and important marine picophytoplankter. The population of Synechococcus on the Northeast U.S. Shelf is comprised of six main types, each of which displays a distinct and consistent seasonal pattern. With compositional data analysis, we show that these patterns can be reproduced with a simple model that couples differential responses to temperature and light with the seasonal cycle of the physical environment. These observations support the hypothesis that temporal variability in environmental factors can maintain microdiversity in marine microbial populations. We also identify how seasonal diversity patterns directly determine overarching Synechococcus population abundance features.
Association between 1‐year patient outcomes and opioid‐prescribing group of emergency department clinicians: A cohort study with Army active‐duty soldiers
Authors: Bauer Mark R. , Larson Mary Jo , Moresco Natalie , Huntington Nick , Walker Regine , Richard Patrick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to examine the association between clinicians’ opioid prescribing group and patients’ outcomes among patients treated in the emergency department (ED).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. The setting was the EDs of the U.S. Military Health System (MHS). Patients were 181,557 Army active‐duty opioid‐naïve (no fill in past 180 days) patients with an index encounter to the ED between October 2010 and September 2016. Exposure was patients classified by opioid prescribing tier of the treating ED clinician: top, middle, or bottom third relative to the clinician's peers in the same ED. Follow‐up measurement was from 31 to 365 days after the index encounter. The primary outcome was long‐term opioid prescriptions (LTOPs) defined as 180 (or more) days’ supply within the follow‐up window. We also computed the total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) and total opioid days’ supply. Secondary measures were any repeat ED encounter, any hospitalization, any sick leave, and any military‐duty restriction.ResultsWe found a 2.5‐fold variation in opioid prescribing rates among clinicians in the same MHS ED. Controlling for sample demographics, reason for encounter, and military background, in multivariate analyses the odds of receiving a 180‐day opioid supply during follow‐up were 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 1.40, p < 0.05) for the top opioid exposure group and 1.37 (95% CI = 1.19 to 1.57, p < 0.001) for the middle opioid exposure group compared to the bottom exposure group, and there were significant increases in total opioid days’ supply and total MME. There were no differences in secondary outcome measures.ConclusionIn a relatively healthy sample of Army soldiers, variation in opioid exposure defined by clinician's prescribing history was associated with increased odds of LTOP and increase in opioid volume, but not in functional outcomes.
Clinical utility of 12‐lead electrocardiogram in evaluating heart disease in patients with muscular dystrophy: Assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy, conduction disease, and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nikhanj Anish , Yogasundaram Haran , Kimber Shane , Siddiqi Zaeem A. , Oudit Gavin Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionHeart disease remains a leading cause of mortality in patients with muscular dystrophy (MD), and cardiac assessment by standard imaging modalities is challenging due to the prominence of physical limitations.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study of 169 MD patients and 34 negative control patients, we demonstrate the clinical utility of a 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) as an effective modality for the assessment of cardiac status in patients with MD. We assessed the utility of conventional criteria for electrocardiogram‐indicated left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG‐LVH) as well as ECG morphologies.ResultsCornell voltage, Cornell voltage‐duration, Sokolow–Lyon voltage, and Romhilt‐Estes point score criteria demonstrated low sensitivity and minimal positive predictive value for ECG‐LVH when compared with cardiac imaging. Patients with LBBB had a high probability of a cardiomyopathy (relative risk [RR], 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.14–3.53; p < .001), and patients with QRS fragmentation (fQRS) had a high probability of a cardiomyopathy (RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.20–2.59; p = .004), requiring cardiac medication and device intervention. We found that an R/S ratio >1 in V1 and V2 is highly specific (specificity, 0.89; negative predictive value [NPV], 0.89 and specificity, 0.82; NPV, 0.89, respectively) for patients with dystrophinopathies compared with other types of MD.ConclusionThe identification of LBBB and fQRS was linked to cardiomyopathy in patients with MD, while ECG‐LVH was of limited utility. Importantly, these findings can be applied to effectively screen a broad cohort of MD patients for structural heart disease and prompt further evaluation and therapeutic intervention.
The epidemiology and outcomes of vascular trauma in Gold Coast, Australia: Institutional experience at a level 1 trauma centre
Authors: Weller Justin , Bowles Madison , Summers Zara , Bhamidipaty Venu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundVascular trauma is a complex and evolving area. Unlike internationally, the epidemiology of vascular trauma is not well documented in Australia; the most recent study was published in 2013. Gold Coast University Hospital (GCUH) is a level 1 trauma centre in Queensland, Australia. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of vascular trauma at a level 1 trauma centre, and compare these with the Australian and international literature.MethodsAll individuals who presented to GCUH between January 2014 and December 2019 with vascular injury were retrieved from the GCUH prospective trauma database. A descriptive analysis was undertaken on this cohort.ResultsThe incidence of vascular trauma as a percentage of total trauma remained stable over the study period. The study included 5454 trauma admissions to GCUH, of which 213 sustained vascular injuries. Males were more likely to be injured and blunt trauma was more common than penetrating. Blunt trauma was associated with increased injury complexity. The mortality rate was 8.5% and 10 patients required amputation.ConclusionsThe proportion of vascular injuries as a percentage of total trauma in Australia is higher than in previous studies. Vascular trauma causes significant injuries and has a higher mortality rate than general trauma.
Bromodomain‐containing protein 4 inhibitor JQ1 promotes melanoma cell apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Li Liyuan , Meng Yan , Wu Xiaolin , Li Jiajing , Sun Yuxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough the role of bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) in ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, and many other diseases is well known, its function in cutaneous melanoma is only partially understood. The results of the present study show that the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 promotes the apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells by altering mitochondrial dynamics, thereby inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and increasing oxidative stress. We found that treatment of B16 cells with different concentrations of JQ1 (125 nmol/L or 250 nmol/L) significantly downregulated the expression of protein subunits involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III, IV, and V, increased reactive oxygen species, induced energy metabolism dysfunction, significantly enhanced apoptosis, and activated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. At the same time, JQ1 inhibited the activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase, a metabolic energy sensor. In addition, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial dynamin‐related protein 1 increased, whereas the levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 1 and optic atrophy protein 1 decreased. Mechanistically, we determined that JQ1 inhibited the expression of c‐Myc and altered mitochondrial dynamics, eventually leading to changes in the mitochondrial function, metabolism, and apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells.
The modifying effects of adiposity on the cardiovascular safety of sulphonylureas
Authors: Suissa Karine , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Douros Antonios , Filion Kristian B. , Yin Hui , Patorno Elisabetta , Azoulay Laurent 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine whether adiposity modified the effect on the cardiovascular safety of sulphonylureas as a first‐line therapy compared with metformin among patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsUsing the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we conducted a cohort study among 13 862 new sulphonylurea users matched on body mass index (BMI) and propensity score, in a 1:1 ratio, to new metformin users between April 1, 1998 and December 31, 2016. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), individual components of MACE (myocardial infarction [MI], ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular mortality), and all‐cause mortality, comparing use of sulphonylureas with use of metformin, overall and within BMI categories (≤24.9 kg/m2, 25.0‐29.9 kg/m2, ≥30 kg/m2).ResultsCompared with metformin, sulphonylureas were not associated with an increased risk of MACE either overall (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.94‐1.23) or by BMI category. Similar findings were observed for MI and ischaemic stroke. By contrast, sulphonylureas were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04‐1.48), primarily among obese patients (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.08‐2.13), and not among normal‐weight patients (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.72‐1.39; P‐interaction 0.21). Similar results were observed for all‐cause mortality (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.32‐1.62), where an increased risk was observed among obese patients (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.49‐2.25), but not normal‐weight patients (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.99‐1.42; P‐interaction: 0.006).ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that adiposity may have a modifying effect on the association between sulphonylureas and cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality compared with metformin.
Migration, homing and spatial ecology of common carp in interconnected lakes
Authors: Banet Nathan V. , Fieberg John , Sorensen Peter W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe common carp,Cyprinus carpio, is a large, long‐lived, fecund and mobile cyprinid, which evolved in complex inter‐braided Ponto‐Caspian rivers that experience both springtime flooding and freezing winters. Studies suggest adults often move to productive, shallow lakes and floodplains to spawn because they often lack egg predators and then return to deeper normoxic waters to overwinter. Whether these movements involve individuals consistently selecting, or homing to, the same spawning and refuge lakes as part of a strategy benefiting their reproductive success is unknown. To address this question, we examined the movements of 67 radio‐tagged adult carp for 3 years in a watershed with 11 interconnected lakes. Carp were tagged and released into a centrally located, normoxic deep lake in spring and fall. Each spring over 95% of its adults left via a single stream and swam into one of 5 shallow lakes, with most individuals (84%) selecting the same lake(s) in which to spawn each year (median Bhattacharyya affinity coefficient of similarity of 0.82). Young were later found in those lakes without egg predators, which cannot survive winter anoxia. After spawning, carp spent summers moving between productive lakes in an individualistic fashion, presumably foraging, with most (89%) eventually returning to the same deep lake to overwinter (median Bhattacharyya affinity of 1.0). These movements appear to reveal a life‐history tactic involving seasonal homing migration, first to a spawning location and later to winter refuges, that is well adapted to productive but highly heterogeneous and interconnected freshwater environments.
Potential for improved retention rate by personalized antiseizure medication selection: A register‐based analysis
Authors: Håkansson Samuel , Karlander Markus , Larsson David , Mahamud Zamzam , Garcia‐Ptacek Sara , Zelezniak Aleksej , Zelano Johan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe first antiseizure medication (ASM) is ineffective or intolerable in 50% of epilepsy cases. Selection between more than 25 available ASMs is guided by epilepsy factors, but also age and comorbidities. Randomized evidence for particular patient subgroups is seldom available. We asked whether register data could be used for retention rate calculations based on demographics, comorbidities, and ASM history, and quantified the potential improvement in retention rates of the first ASM in several large epilepsy cohorts. We also describe retention rates in patients with epilepsy after traumatic brain injury and dementia, patient groups with little available evidence.MethodsWe used medical, demographic, and drug prescription data from epilepsy cohorts from comprehensive Swedish registers, containing 6380 observations. By analyzing 381 840 prescriptions, we studied retention rates of first‐ and second‐line ASMs for patients with epilepsy in multiple sclerosis (MS), brain infection, dementia, traumatic brain injury, or stroke. The rank of retention rates of ASMs was validated by comparison to published randomized control trials. We identified the optimal stratification for each brain disease, and quantified the potential improvement if all patients had received the optimal ASM.ResultsUsing optimal stratification for each brain disease, the potential improvement in retention rate (percentage points) was MS, 20%; brain infection, 21%; dementia, 14%; trauma, 21%; and stroke, 14%. In epilepsy after trauma, levetiracetam had the highest retention rate at 80% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 65–89), exceeding that of the most commonly prescribed ASM, carbamazepine (p = .04). In epilepsy after dementia, lamotrigine (77%, 95% CI = 68–84) and levetiracetam (74%, 95% CI = 68–79) had higher retention rates than carbamazepine (p = .006 and p = .01, respectively).SignificanceWe conclude that personalized ASM selection could improve retention rates and that national registers have potential as big data sources for personalized medicine in epilepsy.
Alteration processes recorded by back‐arc mantle peridotites from oceanic core complexes, Shikoku Basin, Philippine Sea
Authors: Hirauchi Ken‐ichi , Segawa Izumi , Kouketsu Yui , Harigane Yumiko , Ohara Yasuhiko , Snow Jonathan , Sen Atlanta , Fujii Masakazu , Okino Kyoko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe determined the mineralogical and petrological characteristics of ultramafic rocks dredged from two oceanic core complexes: the Mado Megamullion and 23°30′N non‐transform offset massif, which are located within the Shikoku back‐arc basin in the Philippine Sea. The ultramafic rocks are strongly serpentinized, but can be classified as harzburgite/lherzolite or dunite, based on relict primary minerals and their pseudomorphs. Strongly elongated pyroxene porphyroclasts with undulatory extinction indicate high‐temperature (≥700 °C) strain localization on a detachment fault within the upper mantle at depths below the brittle–viscous transition. During exhumation, the peridotites underwent impregnation by magmatic or hydrothermal fluids, lizardite/chrysotile serpentinization at ≤300 °C, antigorite crystallization, and silica metasomatism that formed talc. These features indicate that the detachment fault zones formed a fluid pathway and facilitated a range of fluid–peridotite interactions.
No evidence that cameras affect shorebird nest survival on the coastal plain of Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, AK
Authors: Mcguire Rebecca , Latty Christopher , Brown Stephen , Schulte Shiloh , Hoepfner Sarah , Vassallo Samuel , Smith Paul 
Published: July 2021

Cameras are important tools used to determine nest fate, identify predators and evaluate behaviour; however, they may impact the parameters they are used to measure, thereby biasing results. We evaluated the impact of cameras ˜ 10 m from the nest on shorebird nest survival at the Canning River Delta, Alaska, 2017–2018 (ncontrol = 122, ncamera = 109) using a much larger sample size than in previous studies conducted in the Arctic and random assignments at nest discovery. We found no effect of camera presence at the nest on daily nest survival (model‐averaged daily survival rate (DSR) 85% confidence interval (CI); control: 0.971–0.983, camera: 0.969–0.982). We suggest that nest survival studies of tundra‐nesting birds should consider the use of cameras to minimize researcher disturbance, increase the accuracy of fate assignments, and broaden the ecological data collected (e.g. incubation behaviour, predator identification and non‐anthropogenic non‐predation disruption such as by caribou).