bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-146a-5p-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance protection against renal injury in diabetic nephropathy through facilitating M2 macrophage polarization by targeting TRAF6
Authors: Zhang Yaqi , Le Xi , Zheng Shuo , Zhang Ke , He Jing , Liu Mengting , Tu Chengshu , Rao Wei , Du Hongyuan , Ouyang Yu , Li Changyong , Wu Dongcheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus and a common cause of end-stage renal disease, but has no approved pharmacotherapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which render them an attractive therapeutic tool for tissue damage and inflammation.
Methods

This study was designed to determine the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) on streptozotocin-induced DN. Renal function and histological staining were used to evaluate kidney damage. RNA high-throughput sequencing on rat kidney and UCMSC-derived exosomes was used to identify the critical miRNAs. Co-cultivation of macrophage cell line and UC-MSCs-derived conditional medium was used to assess the involvement of macrophage polarization signaling.
Results

UC-MSC administration significantly improved renal function, reduced the local and systemic inflammatory cytokine levels, and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration into the kidney tissue in DN rats. Moreover, UC-MSCs shifted macrophage polarization from a pro-inflammatory M1 to an antiinflammatory M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, miR-146a-5p was significantly downregulated and negatively correlated with renal injury in DN rats as determined through high-throughput RNA sequencing. Importantly, UC-MSCs-derived miR-146a-5p promoted M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting TRAF6-STAT1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR-146a-5p modification in UC-MSCs enhanced the efficacy of anti-inflammation and renal function improvement.
Conclusions

Collectively, our findings demonstrate that UC-MSCs-derived miR-146a-5p have the potential to restore renal function in DN rats through facilitating M2 macrophage polarization by targeting TRAF6. It will pave the way for the use of UC-MSCs for therapeutic delivery of miRNAs targeted at kidney diseases.
Antibacterial Mechanism of N-PMI and the Characteristics of PMMA-co-N-PMI Copolymer
Authors: Shi Han , Zhuang Qixin , Zheng Anna , Zhan Pengfei , Guan Yong , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang , Wu Tao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the excellent killing effect of N-phenylmaleimide (N-PMI) on microorganisms, this paper used structural simulation analysis, fluorescence analysis, confocal laser scanning microscope and SEM to find that the double bond in N-PMI could interact with the sulfur groups in the membrane protein, changing its conformation, rupturing the plasma membrane of the cell, leaking the contents, and ultimately causing the death of the microorganisms. Therefore, once the double bond participated in the polymerization, N-PMI loosed its antimicrobial function. N-PMI could achieve azeotropic copolymerization with MMA through reactive extrusion polymerization, and didn’t follow the law of reactivity ratio of classic copolymerization. N-PMI with a content of 5% can be evenly inserted into the PMMA chain segment during the copolymerization reaction, thereby increasing the Tg of pure PMMA by up to 15°C, which provided the PMMA-co-PMI copolymer with resistance to boiling water sterilization advantageous conditions. In addition, the copolymer was superior to the commercially available pure PMMA in terms of bending strength and modulus. At the same time, N-PMI with a content of 5% has little effect on the transparency of PMMA after participating in the copolymerization. Moreover, the trace amount of residual N-PMI made the material have excellent antimicrobial function, and the bacteriostatic zone is extremely small, which provided an excellent guarantee for the safety and durability of the material. As a medical biological material, the PMMA-co-PMI copolymer has a good industrialization application prospects.
Purification and immobilization of L-asparaginase from Citrobacter freundii EGY-NE1
Authors: Mousa Mohamed , El-Dein Mahmoud M. Nour , Abou-Dobara Mohamed I. , Metwally Nashwa E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
L-asparaginase is used as an antileukemic drug and as a food additive to reduce the risk of acrylamide formation. New L-asparaginases are required to reduce costs and avoid clinical side effects. Citrobacter freundii EGY-NE1represents a potential source of new L-asparaginase. We purified extracellular L-asparaginase from Citrobacter freundii EGY-NE1 (through ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, Sephadex-G50 and DEAE-cellulose columns) to 5.83 fold and 25.76 % recovery. The purified L-asparaginase was a low molecular weight enzyme of 19 kDa. It was optimally active at 37 ˚C, pH 8 and 40 mM asparagine. The Km and Vmax of the enzyme were 0.0179 M and 2.66 U/ml, respectively. Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Ba+ 2 activated the enzyme, while Na+, Zn+ 2, EDTA, azide, tartrate and HgCl2 inhibited it. The crude and purified enzymes were immobilized by encapsulation in Ca-alginate; this improved their stability and reusability. The entrapped L-asparaginases on Ca-alginate were examined by scanning electron microscope; their protein diameters ranged from 42.17 to 47.37 nm and from 46.78 to 71.97 nm for the immobilized crude and purified enzymes, respectively. Both the immobilized enzymes kept their maximal activity for 10 minutes at 40 ˚C. After the 5th cycle of repeated use, the immobilized purified and crude enzymes kept 91% and 89 % of their activities, respectively.
Synthesis, structure, and single-crystal elasticity of Al-bearing superhydrous phase B
Authors: Li Xinyang , Speziale Sergio , Glazyrin Konstantin , Wilke Franziska D.H. , Liermann Hanns-Peter , Koch-Müller Monika 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dense hydrous magnesium silicates (DHMSs) with large water contents and wide stability fields are a potential H2O reservoir in the deep Earth. Al-bearing superhydrous phase B (shy-B) with a wider stability field than the Al-free counterpart can play an important role in understanding H2O transport in the Earth’s transition zone and topmost lower mantle. In this study, a nominally Al-free and two different Al-bearing shy-B samples with 0.47(2) and 1.35(4) Al atoms per formula unit (pfu), were synthesized using a rotating multi-anvil press. Their single-crystal structures were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) complemented by Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Single-crystal XRD shows that the cell parameters decrease with increasing Al-content. By combining X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy results, we conclude that the Al-poor shy-B crystallizes in the Pnn2 space group with hydrogen in two different general positions. Based on the results of the single-crystal X-ray diffraction refinements combined with FTIR spectroscopy, three substitutions mechanisms are proposed: 2Al3+ = Mg2+ + Si4+; Mg2+ = ☐Mg2+ + 2H+ (☐Mg2+ means vacancy in Mg site); Si4+ = Al3+ + H+. Thus, in addition to the two general H positions, hydrogen is incorporated into the hydrous mineral via point defects. The elastic stiffness coefficients were measured for the Al-shy-B with 1.35 pfu Al by Brillouin scattering (BS). Al-bearing shy-B shows lower C11, higher C22, and similar C33 when compared to Al-free shy-B. The elastic anisotropy of Al-bearing shy-B is also higher than that of the Al-free composition. Such different elastic properties are due to the effect of lattice contraction as a whole and the specific chemical substitution mechanism that affect bonds strength. Al-bearing shy-B with lower velocity, higher anisotropy, and wider thermodynamic stability can help understand the low-velocity zone and the high-anisotropy region in the subducted slab located in Tonga.
Regulation of Neurogenesis and Neuronal Differentiation by Natural
Compounds
Authors: Chen Bo , Yang Hao , An Jing , Tian Ding , Guo Yunshan , Yan Yuzhu 
Published: September 2021

:
Neuronal damage or degeneration is the main feature of neurological diseases. Regulation
of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation is important in developing therapies to promote
neuronal regeneration or synaptic network reconstruction. Neurogenesis is a multistage
process in which neurons are generated and integrated into existing neuronal circuits. Neuronal
differentiation is extremely complex because it can occur in different cell types and can be
caused by a variety of inducers. Recently, natural compounds that induce neurogenesis and neuronal
differentiation have attracted extensive attention. In this paper, the potential neural induction
effects of medicinal plant-derived natural compounds on neural stem/progenitor cells
(NS/PCs), the cultured neuronal cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are reviewed. The
natural compounds that are efficacious in inducing neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation include
phenolic acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, glucosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins,
and others. They exert neural induction effects by regulating signal factors and cellspecific
genes involved in the process of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation, including
specific proteins (β-tubulin III, MAP-2, tau, nestin, neurofilaments, GFAP, GAP-43, NSE), related
genes and proteins (STAT3, Hes1, Mash1, NeuroD1, notch, cyclin D1, SIRT1, Reggie-1),
transcription factors (CREB, Nkx-2.5, Ngn1), neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF, NT-3), and signaling
pathways (JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, GSK-3β/β-catenin,
Ca2+/CaMKII/ATF1, Nrf2/HO-1, BMP).The natural compounds with neural induction effects
are of great value for neuronal regenerative medicine and provide promising prevention and
treatment strategies for neurological diseases.
Effects of APOE, ACE, PICALM, and CYP2D6 Gene Variants on Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Oz Ozlem , Yener Gorsev , Bora Elcin , Cankaya Tufan , Ataman Esra , Ercal Derya , Ulgenalp Ayfer 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial, neurodegenerative disease
which is considered the most common cause of dementia. It is divided into two subtypes
based on the age of onset: Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (EOAD) and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s
Disease (LOAD).

Objective:
In this study, we aimed to analyse the polymorphisms of APOE2/E3/E4, ACE
I/D, PICALM rs3851179, which are thought to increase the risk of disease, and CYP2D6
rs1080985, that affects the therapy response.

Methods:
102 early onset and 99 late onset Alzheimer's patients diagnosed according to
DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA diagnostic criteria were included in the study. MMSE test
was applied at the time of diagnosis and the control examination was performed after 6
months. We analysed the polymorphisms of APOE2/E3/E4 by fragment analysis and ACE
I/D, PICALM rs3851179, CYP2D6 rs1080985 by Real Time- PCR. The response of the
therapy and effects on prognosis were compared between groups by Mini-Mental State
Exam test scores.

Results:
The score differences of the women were significantly lower than men’s score
differences. The score differences of the EOAD group were significantly lower than the
LOAD group in women. Family history situation was higher in men compared to women.
The score differences were higher at CC genotype for PICALM rs3851179 in the EOAD
group; the score differences were higher at E3/E4 genotype than E2/E2 genotype in
LOAD. Also, the score differences were significantly higher at PICALM rs3851179 in the
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor+antidepressant therapy group.

Conclusions:
The relationship between the treatment groups and related gene regions was
investigated extensively for the first time in the literature. As a result, it will be a guide in
the clinic in light of the findings of the prognosis and pharmacogenetic interactions of the
disease obtained from the study.
The Impact of Digital Patient Portals on Health Outcomes, System Efficiency, and Patient Attitudes: Updated Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Carini Elettra , Villani Leonardo , Pezzullo Angelo Maria , Gentili Andrea , Barbara Andrea , Ricciardi Walter , Boccia Stefania 
Published: September 2021

Background
Patient portals are becoming increasingly popular worldwide even though their impact on individual health and health system efficiency is still unclear.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on the impact of patient portals on health outcomes and health care efficiency, and to examine user characteristics, attitudes, and satisfaction.

Methods
We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles published from January 1, 2013, to October 31, 2019. Eligible studies were primary studies reporting on the impact of patient portal adoption in relation to health outcomes, health care efficiency, and patient attitudes and satisfaction. We excluded studies where portals were not accessible for patients and pilot studies, with the exception of articles evaluating patient attitudes.

Results
Overall, 3456 records were screened, and 47 articles were included. Among them, 11 studies addressed health outcomes reporting positive results, such as better monitoring of health status, improved patient-doctor interaction, and improved quality of care. Fifteen studies evaluated the impact of digital patient portals on the utilization of health services with mixed results. Patient characteristics were described in 32 studies, and it was reported that the utilization rate usually increases with age and female gender. Finally, 30 studies described attitudes and defined the main barriers (concerns about privacy and data security, and lack of time) and facilitators (access to clinical data and laboratory results) to the use of a portal.

Conclusions
Evidence regarding health outcomes is generally favorable, and patient portals have the potential to enhance the doctor-patient relationship, improve health status awareness, and increase adherence to therapy. It is still unclear whether the use of patient portals improves health service utilization and efficiency.
Characteristics of and User Engagement With Antivaping Posts on Instagram: Observational Study
Authors: Gao Yankun , Xie Zidian , Sun Li , Xu Chenliang , Li Dongmei 
Published: September 2021

Background
Although government agencies acknowledge that messages about the adverse health effects of e-cigarette use should be promoted on social media, effectively delivering those health messages is challenging. Instagram is one of the most popular social media platforms among US youth and young adults, and it has been used to educate the public about the potential harm of vaping through antivaping posts.

Objective
We aim to analyze the characteristics of and user engagement with antivaping posts on Instagram to inform future message development and information delivery.

Methods
A total of 11,322 Instagram posts were collected from November 18, 2019, to January 2, 2020, by using antivaping hashtags including #novape, #novaping, #stopvaping, #dontvape, #antivaping, #quitvaping, #antivape, #stopjuuling, #dontvapeonthepizza, and #escapethevape. Among those posts, 1025 posts were randomly selected and 500 antivaping posts were further identified by hand coding. The image type, image content, and account type of antivaping posts were hand coded, the text information in the caption was explored by topic modeling, and the user engagement of each category was compared.

Results
Analyses found that antivaping images of the educational/warning type were the most common (253/500; 50.6%). The average likes of the educational/warning type (15 likes/post) were significantly lower than the catchphrase image type (these emphasized a slogan such as “athletesdontvape” in the image; 32.5 likes/post; P<.001). The majority of the antivaping posts contained the image content element text (n=332, 66.4%), followed by the image content element people/person (n=110, 22%). The images containing people/person elements (32.8 likes/post) had more likes than the images containing other elements (13.8-21.1 likes/post). The captions of the antivaping Instagram posts covered topics including “lung health,” “teen vaping,” “stop vaping,” and “vaping death cases.” Among the 500 antivaping Instagram posts, while most posts were from the antivaping community (n=177, 35.4%) and personal account types (n=182, 36.4%), the antivaping community account type had the highest average number of posts (1.69 posts/account). However, there was no difference in the number of likes among different account types.

Conclusions
Multiple features of antivaping Instagram posts may be related to user engagement and perception. This study identified the critical elements associated with high user engagement, which could be used to design antivaping posts to deliver health-related information more efficiently.
EFL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON PLAGIARISM IN HIGHER EDUCATION: TRIGGERING FACTORS AND AVOIDING STRATEGIES
Authors: Muluk Safrul , Habiburrahim Habiburrahim , Safrul Muhammad Safwan 
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to examining EFL students’ perception towards plagiarism, factors triggering students to plagiarize in completing their undergraduate theses and their strategies in avoiding plagiarism. The study, conducted at English Language Education Department, in one of the universities in Indonesia, employed a qualitative method approach aiming at getting more information and a detailed description of social or human issues. Ten alumni who were randomly selected agreed to participate in this study. Selected participants were interviewed to collect required information needed to address research questions of this study. Besides interviewing the students, the researchers also analyzed their theses in order to examine the level of plagiarism by using Turnitin software, the result of which showed that the range of similarities index in students’ theses varied from 16 to 36 %. The findings of the study revealed that there were three strategies that students implemented to avoid plagiarism; paraphrasing and quoting others' ideas, understanding the meaning of plagiarism, and using the lectures' particular method and online plagiarism detection software. Furthermore, the study found that the factors influencing students to plagiarize were related to time limitation on an assignment and poor time management, ease of using online sources, lack of understanding to plagiarism, and poor understanding of plagiarism acts.
KESADARAN EKOLOGI DALAM AL-QUR'AN: STUDI PENAFSIRAN AL-RAZI PADA QS. AL-RUM (30): 41
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Munawir Munawir 
Published: September 2021

The environment is God's gift to mankind on earth. In order to use natural resources and increase public welfare, such as the 1945 Constitution has provided for in achieving the happiness of life. However, directly or indirectly, human activities have caused environmental damage. This article examines environmental damage in the Koran by looking at the interpretation of Fakhruddin al-Razi in QS. al-Rum (30): 41. This study is of a qualitative type, literature and will carry out a search of al-Razi's interpretation of the QS. al-Rum (30): 41. This article finds that, first, the meaning of damage is indicated by the word al-fasad, al-Razi argues that what is meant by all the damage caused by human hands is the result of human shirk. Second, the relevance of al-Razi's interpretation of the phenomenon of environmental damage in Indonesia due to hurricanes, damage to green land, higher salinity and acidity of sea water, and damage to water sources in urban areas. Abstrak: Lingkungan hidup ialah karunia Tuhan bagi umat manuia dimuka bumi. Dalam rangka menggunakan sumber daya alam dan menaikkan kesejahteraan umum seperti yang telah dimanahkan UUD 1945 dalam menggapai pencapaian kebahagian hidup. Akan tetapi, secara langsung maupun tidak, aktivitas manusia telah banyak menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan. Artikel ini mengkaji kerusakan lingkungan dalam al-Quran dengan melihat penafsiran Fakhruddin al-Razi dalam QS. al-Rum (30): 41. Kajian ini berjenis kualitatif dengan melakukan penelusuran terhadap penafsiran al-Razi atas ayat tersebut. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa, pertama, makna kerusakan ditunjukkan oleh kata al-fasad, al-Razi berpendapat bahwa yang dimaksud dengan segala kerusakan yang terjadi sebab ulah tangan manusia adalah akibat kesyirikan manusia. Kedua, relevansi penafsiran al-Razi terhadap fenomena kerusakan lingkungan di Indonesia diakibat oleh angin topan, rusaknya lahan hijau, keasinan dan keasaman air laut semakin tinggi, dan rusaknya sumber air di area perkotaan.
KETAHANAN PANGAN DALAM AL-QURAN DAN AKTUALISASINYA DALAM KONTEKS KEINDONESIAAN BERDASARKAN PENAFSIRAN TERHADAP SURAH YUSUF AYAT 47-49
Authors: Bahri Samsul , Musdawati Musdawati , Jinan Raudhatul 
Published: September 2021

is an agrarian country, but in reality food security is apparently still very fragile. The evidence is evident from the large number of people's food imported from abroad. There is still a lot of wrong food management which causes Indonesia to not have food sovereignty. This article discusses food security in the Koran by analyzing Qs. Joseph verses 47-49. This study is qualitative, literature and will conduct a search of Qs. Joseph 47-49. This article found that, first, Qs. Yusuf explained the meaning contained in the interpretation of dreams of the fertile period and famine explained what people must do to maintain food security. Second, the contextualization of Indonesia's food defense includes: Increasing the quality and quantity of agricultural products, environmentally friendly agriculture, proportional consumption, moderation, and knowledge of weather and disasters. Abstrak: Pangan merupakan kebutuhan esensial bagi manusia dalam melangsungkan kehidupannya. Indonesia merupakan negara yang agraris, namun ketahanan pangan ternyata masih sangat rapuh. Bukti itu terlihat dari masih banyaknya bahan pangan rakyat yang diimpor dari luar negeri. Masih banyak pengelolaan pangan yang salah sehingga menyebabkan Indonesia tidak mempunyai kedaulatan pangan. Artikel ini membahas tentang ketahanan pangan dalam al-Quran dengan menganalisis QS. Yusuf (12): 47-49. Kajian ini bersifat kualitatif, kepustakaan dan akan melakukan penelusuran ragam penafsiran terhadap QS. Yusuf(12): 47-49. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa, pertama, ayat tersebut menjelaskan makna yang terkandung dalam tafsiran mimpi, terkait masa subur dan paceklik dan menjelaskan apa yang harus dilakukan masyarakat demi menjaga ketahanan pangan. Kedua, kontekstualisasi pertahanan pangan Indonesia meliputi: Peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas hasil pertanian, pertanian ramah lingkungan, konsumsi yang proporsional dan tidak berlebihan, serta pengetahuan tentang cuaca dan bencana.