bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single‐center, open‐label, randomized cross‐over study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of once‐daily prolonged‐release formulations of tacrolimus in de novo liver transplant recipients
Authors: Herden Uta , Sterneck Martina , Buchholz Bettina M. , Achilles Eike G. , Ott Armin , Fischer Lutz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe narrow therapeutic window of tacrolimus (Tac) requires intense drug monitoring to achieve adequate efficacy while minimizing dose‐related toxicities. Once‐daily formulations of Tac (LCP‐Tac and PR‐Tac) have been recently designed for higher bioavailability and a more consistent exposure over time, as opposed to the twice‐daily, administered immediate‐release formulation of Tac (IR‐Tac).MethodsThis single‐center, open‐label, randomized cross‐over pharmacokinetic (PK) study compares extended‐release LCP‐Tac with the prolonged‐release formulation of tacrolimus (PR‐Tac) in adult de novo liver transplant recipients. Eligible patients were screened and randomized 1:1 to the two treatment arms up to 30 days after liver transplantation. Patients were administered either LCP‐Tac or PR‐Tac for 14 days followed by another 14‐day time interval of the other once‐daily Tac medication. A 24hr‐PK profile was obtained at the end of each time interval.ResultsNine patients (45%) completed the study resulting in a total of 18 Tac PK profiles. Overall, the profile of the mean concentrations indicated a flattened kinetic of LCP‐Tac compared to PR‐Tac, especially in the first 3 h after drug intake. The average cumulative dose per day to achieve equivalent trough levels was approximately 25% lower for LCP‐Tac (8.7 mg) than for PR‐Tac (11.7 mg). LCP‐Tac resulted in a longer tmax and fewer peak‐to‐trough fluctuations compared to PR‐Tac.ConclusionDespite methodological weaknesses that limit the conclusions, we have found a more consistent drug exposure for LCP‐Tac in de novo LT recipients. LCP‐Tac demonstrated a greater bioavailability compared to PR‐Tac.
Lycorine inhibits cell proliferation and induced oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis via regulation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in HT‐3 cells
Authors: Shang Hui , Jang Xuena , Shi Lingyun , Ma Yifei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman cervical cancer is the fourth most common carcinoma in women in the world. The JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways crucially regulate cell growth and apoptosis. It is a significant target signaling pathway for the development of novel antitumor medicine. This study intended to explore whether lycorine could prevent HT‐3 proliferation and induce apoptosis by targeting the JAK/STAT3 signaling cascade. The HT‐3 cells were treated with various lycorine dosages and we analyzed cell growth, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), DNA damage, apoptosis markers by different in vitro methodologies. Our results revealed that lycorine substantially reserved cell growth via decreased antioxidants, augmented reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation which leads to loss of ΔΨm, increased nuclear crumbling and chromatin condensation, thus resulting in representative increased apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, we analyzed that the molecular mechanical action of lycorine considerably repressed JAK1/STAT3 transactional activation and decrease its downstream molecules Bcl‐2, and enhances the expressional activity of Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 3 and 9 in HT‐3 cells. Finally, the fact that N‐acetylcysteine inhibits lycorine‐induced ROS‐mediated apoptosis was confirmed in HT‐3 cells. Thus, the results indicate that lycorine efficiently enhances apoptosis and inhibits HT‐3 cell proliferation. These outcomes collectively proposed that lycorine could be a beneficial chemotherapeutic agent for treating and managing human cervical carcinoma.
Spores morphology of the family Pteridaceae from Shandong Province, China
Authors: Li Xiao‐Juan , Xian‐Chun zhang , Jian‐Xiu li 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we explored systematically the spore morphology of Pteridaceae by observation of the species distributed in Shandong Province using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the spore morphology of all the species in the family is tetrahedral and trilete. The characters of spore ornamentation are intraspecies stable, but significantly different among species and genera. Spore morphology is significant in exploring the phylogenetic relationships of Pteridaceae as well as in generic and specific delimitations.
Finding a shortest even hole in polynomial time
Authors: Cheong Hou‐Teng , Lu Hsueh‐I 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn even (respectively, odd) hole in a graph is an induced cycle with even (respectively, odd) length that is at least four. Bienstock proved that detecting an even (respectively, odd) hole containing a given vertex is NP‐complete. Conforti, Cornuéjols, Kapoor, and Vušković gave the first known polynomial‐time algorithm to determine whether a graph contains even holes. Chudnovsky, Kawarabayashi, and Seymour estimated that Conforti et al.'s algorithm runs in time on an ‐vertex graph and reduced the required time to . Subsequently, da Silva and Vušković, Chang and Lu, and Lai, Lu, and Thorup improved the time to , , and , respectively. The tractability of determining whether a graph contains odd holes has been open for decades until the algorithm of Chudnovsky, Scott, Seymour, and Spirkl that runs in time, which Lai et al. also reduced to . By extending Chudnovsky et al.'s techniques for detecting odd holes, Chudnovsky, Scott, and Seymour (respectively) ensured the tractability of finding a long (respectively, shortest) odd hole. They also ensured the NP‐hardness of finding a longest odd hole, whose reduction also works for finding a longest even hole. Recently, Cook and Seymour ensured the tractability of finding a long even hole. An intriguing missing piece is the tractability of finding a shortest even hole, left open for 16 years by, for example, Chudnovsky et al. and Johnson. We resolve this open problem by augmenting Chudnovsky et al.'s even‐hole detection algorithm into the first known polynomial‐time algorithm, running in time, for finding a shortest even hole in an ‐vertex graph that contains even holes.
Perfusion and PermeabilityMRIPredicts Future Cavernous Angioma Hemorrhage and Growth
Authors: Sone Je Yeong , Hobson Nicholas , Srinath Abhinav , Romanos Sharbel G. , Li Ying , Carrión‐Penagos Julián , Shkoukani Abdallah , Stadnik Agnieszka , Piedad Kristina , Lightle Rhonda , Moore Thomas , DeBiasse Dorothy , Bi Dehua , Shenkar Robert , Carroll Timothy , Ji Yuan , Girard Romuald , Awad Issam A. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundCerebral cavernous angioma (CA) is a capillary vasculopathy affecting more than a million Americans with a small fraction of cases demonstrating lesional bleed or growth with major clinical sequelae. Perfusion and permeability are fundamental features of CA pathophysiology, but their role as prognostic biomarkers is unclear.PurposeTo investigate whether perfusion or permeability lesional descriptors derived from dynamic contrast‐enhanced quantitative perfusion (DCEQP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can predict subsequent lesional bleed/growth in the year following imaging.Study TypeSingle‐site case‐controlled study.SubjectsTwo hundred and five consecutively enrolled patients (63.4% female).Field Strength/SequenceThree‐Tesla/T1‐mapping with contrast‐enhanced dynamic two‐dimensional (2D) spoiled gradient recalled acquisition (SPGR) sequences.AssessmentPrognostic associations with bleed/growth (present or absent) in the following year were assessed in 745 CA lesions evaluated by DCEQP in the 205 patients in relation to lesional descriptors calculated from permeability and perfusion maps. A subgroup of 30 cases also underwent peripheral blood collection at the time of DCEQP scans and assays of plasma levels of soluble CD14, IL‐1β, VEGF, and soluble ROBO4 proteins, whose weighted combination had been previously reported in association with future CA bleeding.Statistical TestsMann–WhitneyU‐test for univariate analyses. Logistic regression models minimizing the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), testing sensitivity and specificity (receiver operating characteristic curves) of weighted combinations of parameters.ResultsThe best prognostic biomarker for lesional bleed or growth included brainstem lesion location, mean lesional permeability, and low‐value perfusion cluster mean (BIC = 201.5, sensitivity = 77%, specificity = 72%,P < 0.05). Adding a previously published prognostic plasma protein biomarker improved the performance of the imaging model (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 88%,P < 0.05).Data ConclusionA combination of MRI‐based descriptors reflecting higher lesional permeability and lower perfusion cluster may potentially predict future bleed/growth in CAs. The sensitivity and specificity of the prognostic imaging biomarker can be enhanced when combined with brainstem lesion location and a plasma protein biomarker of CA hemorrhage.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 5
Groove‐deepening trochleoplasty reduces lateral patellar maltracking and increases patellofemoral contact pressures: Dynamic simulation
Authors: Elias John J. , Rezvanifar Sayed C. , Koh Jason L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGroove‐deepening trochleoplasty is performed to restore patellar stability by increasing the lateral constraint applied to the patella by the trochlear groove. Multibody dynamic simulation of knee function was used to characterize the influence of groove‐deepening trochleoplasty on patellar tracking and patellofemoral contact pressures. Computational models were created to represent seven knees with trochlear dysplasia, indicated by a flat trochlear groove and supratrochlear spur. The models were manipulated to remove the spur and deepen the trochlear groove to represent the average shape following a trochleoplasty. Knee squatting was simulated for the preoperative and postoperative conditions. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in output parameters were identified with repeated measures comparisons at every 5° of knee flexion. Trochleoplasty significantly decreased lateral patellar tracking, particularly at low knee flexion angles. Trochleoplasty decreased the peak lateral shift of the patella (bisect offset index) with the knee extended from 0.87 ± 0.14 to 0.75 ± 0.12. Trochleoplasty also significantly decreased the contact area and increased the maximum contact pressure at multiple flexion angles. Trochleoplasty decreased the average contact area by approximately 10% in mid‐flexion, with a corresponding increase in the average maximum contact pressure of 13%–23%. Decreased contact area and increased contact pressures are related to altered patellofemoral congruity due to reshaping the femur without a corresponding change to the patella. Clinical significance: The results indicate groove‐deepening trochleoplasty decreases lateral patellar maltracking, reducing the risk of patellar dislocations, but can elevate patellofemoral contact pressures, which could contribute to long‐term degradation of cartilage.
Comparison of organic and deep eutectic solvents based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the analysis of phytosterols in cow milk combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detector
Authors: Homaie Omid , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza , Tamizi Elnaz , Nemati Mahboob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the present work, a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction approach has been developed for extraction of four phytosterols (stigmasterol, β‐sitosterol, campesterol, and brassicasterol) from cow milk samples using organic and deep eutectic solvents and the results were critically compared. The extracted analytes were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. In the developed method, carbon tetrachloride and choline chloride:p‐chlorophenol deep eutectic solvent were selected to use as the best extraction solvent. Effective parameters and validation data were studied for both methods, independently. Under optimum conditions, limits of detection and quantification were within the ranges of 0.3–0.9 and 1.0–3.0 ng/mL for organic solvent based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and 0.09–0.32 and 0.3–1.0 ng/mL for deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, respectively. Good coefficient of determinations and relative standard deviations obtained for the methods were ≥0.994 and ≤7.6%, respectively. The introduced method was performed on different milk samples for the determination of target analytes using both solvents and the results were analyzed statistically by the t‐test.
An effectively closed set with no join property*
Authors: Çevik Ahmet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we establish a relationship between the join property and Turing degrees of members of effectively closed sets in Cantor space, i.e., classes. We first give a proof of the observation that there exists a non‐empty special class in which no join of two members computes the halting set. We then prove the existence of a non‐empty special class such that no member satisfies the join property, where a degree satisfies the join property if for all non‐zero there exists such that .
Effect of in situ fibrillation on polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate)/multiwalled carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding foams
Authors: Song Renda , Wu Gaojian , Xu Yuxuan , Chen Junxiang , Zhang Youchen , Weimin Yang , Xie Pengcheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, polyethylene (PP)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites with nanofibrillary structure were processed by hot drawing‐assisted extrusion technology, and nonfoaming and microfoaming samples were processed by injection molding machine. Scanning electron microscope micrographs showed that when PET content was 2.5 wt%, PET fibers had a larger aspect ratio, which brought an outstanding promotion on microfoaming of PP matrix, and further details were provided by DSC and rheology analysis. When foaming sample loaded with 2.5 wt% PET and 3 wt% MWCNT, the best shielding effectiveness achieved 29.91 dB·cm3·g−1 in the test frequency range about 8.2–12.4 GHz. The results proved that the introduction of PET fibers optimized the microfoaming effect, and the uniform cell structure promoted the MWCNT dispersion and internal reflection of electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the shielding property is absorption‐dominated type and meets the requirements of lightweight and ultraefficient shielding demand of industry.
Identification of the Degradation Products from α‐Ionone Used as Stabiliser in “Green” Propellants through its Lifetime
Authors: Damseaux Caroline , Scholl Georges , Damblon Christian , Dejeaifve Alain , Dobson Rowan , Ma Xiaofeng , Marko Istvan , Monbaliu Jean‐Christophe M. , De Pauw Edwin , Eppe Gauthier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA stabiliser is added to gun and rocket propellants to react with species responsible for degradation during decomposition. Propellant powder manufacturers and army personnel are confronted with toxicity during powder degradation and must replace current stabilisers with non‐toxic molecules. According to the STANAG 4582 (North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardisation Agreement [1]), propellant powders must remain chemically stable for a minimum of ten years when stored at temperatures equivalent to an isothermal storage (25 °C). Single and double base smokeless powders with α‐ionone as a “green” stabiliser are tested and the results show that the heat flow is stable over time and that the autocatalysis occurs 2 to 3 times later than in powders with conventional stabilisers. This stabiliser is efficient for all nitrate ester‐based propellants. In the present paper, we identify and monitor the evolution of the main degradation products over time by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) to unravel the stabilisation mechanism under accelerated aging conditions. A time‐related fluctuation of their respective amounts (increasing then decreasing, then re‐increasing, …) is observed, which indicates that the daughter products have also a stabilisation effect. The three major α‐ionone daughter products are identified as: 3‐oxo‐α‐ionone, 4‐oxo‐β‐ionone and 4,5‐epoxy‐α‐ionone.
Determination of Diphenyl Amine (DPA) Stabilizer in Propellants – A Minireview
Authors: Hande Pankaj E. , Baran Samui Asit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is concern about the aged propellants as the proportion of stabilizer, diphenyl amine (DPA), keeps on reducing while maintaining the propellant formulation safe. This is a very important issue as it keeps the propellant as well as the surrounding safe from any possible mishap. Therefore, the determination of residual DPA/DPA derivatives in the propellant is of utmost importance. Various attempts have been made to determine residual DPA/derivatives content in the propellant. In this review the detection methods have been compiled and analysed for their implications, detection limit and standard deviation. The methods attempted for detection comprise volumetric, chromatographic, electroanalytical, spectroscopic and thermoanalytical techniques. The volumetric method was tried in the initial attempts by adopting chemical reactions. Chromatographic methods were reported by adopting different procedures and variations. These have been discussed in details. Electroanalytical methods have become one of the important techniques to determine the residual DPA that has been discussed in detail with incorporation of various modifications. Spectroscopic methods were also deployed to determine the DPA content in the propellant. The methods, being very straight forward and clean, have been considered effective in determination. Differential scanning calorimetry has also been tried for finding the DPA content in the propellant sample by adopting different combinations, which is also incorporated for discussion in this paper.
Engineering Dissipation with Resistive Elements in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
Authors: Cattaneo Marco , Paraoanu Gheorghe Sorin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe importance of dissipation engineering ranges from universal quantum computation to non‐equilibrium quantum thermodynamics. In recent years, more and more theoretical and experimental studies have shown the relevance of this topic for circuit quantum electrodynamics, one of the major platforms in the race for a quantum computer. This article discusses how to simulate thermal baths by inserting resistive elements in networks of superconducting qubits. Apart from pedagogically reviewing the phenomenological and microscopic models of a resistor as thermal bath with Johnson–Nyquist noise, the paper introduces some new results in the weak coupling limit, showing that the most common examples of open quantum systems can be simulated through capacitively coupled superconducting qubits and resistors. The aim of the manuscript, written with a broad audience in mind, is to be both an instructive tutorial about how to derive and characterize the Hamiltonian of general dissipative superconducting circuits with capacitive coupling, and a review of the most relevant and topical theoretical and experimental works focused on resistive elements and dissipation engineering.
Recent Progress on 2D Kagome Magnets: Binary TmSnn (T = Fe, Co, Mn)
Authors: Zhang Hongrun , Feng Haifeng , Xu Xun , Hao Weichang , Du Yi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to the particularity of the lattice geometry, intriguing electronic characteristics of Dirac cone and flat band can coexist in the two‐dimensional (2D) kagome lattice. The 2D kagome materials, therefore, have attracted tremendous attention, as a platform for studying the topological non‐trivial band structures and strong correlated phenomena. In this paper, the recent experimental progress on binary kagome metals Fe3Sn2, FeSn, CoSn, and Mn3Sn, mainly by the methods of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), are reviewed. In those compounds, the kagome layers give rise to the electronic structure of flat bands and Dirac cones, which induce a wide range of novel electron behaviors. Their exposed surface structure, electronic band structure, and topological properties are therefore highlighted, aiming at illustrating the determining role of their 2D kagome layers. In addition, the interplay between frustrated kagome geometry, frustrated magnetism, and topological magnetism, which brings new opportunities and broad prospects to the research of strongly correlated topological kagome magnetic materials, is introduced through reviewing recent experimental works by electronic and magnetic transport measurements.
Stubborn state estimation for nonlinear distributed parameter systems subject to measurement outliers
Authors: Sun Jie , Shen Bo , Qi Jie , Liu Yufei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, the state estimation problem is investigated for a class of distributed parameter systems (DPSs). In order to estimate the state of DPSs, we give a partition of spatial interval with a finite sequence and, on each subinterval, one sensor is placed to receive the measurements from the DPS. Due to the unexpected environment changes, the measurements will probably contain some outliers. To eliminate the effects of the possibly occurring outliers, we construct a stubborn state estimator where the innovation is constrained by a saturation function. By using Lyapunov functional, Wirtinger inequality and piecewise integration, some sufficient conditions are obtained under which the resulting estimation error system is exponentially stable and the performance requirement is satisfied. According to the obtained analysis results, the desired state estimator is designed in terms of the solution to a set of matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed state estimation scheme.
Early Cretaceous enigmatic insect group showing unique wing venations and antennal sensilla
Authors: Yang Hongru , Shih Chungkun , Rasnitsyn Alexandr P. , Ren Dong , Gao Taiping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new extinct insect group, Magicivena gen. nov. in Magicivenidae fam. nov., with M. sticta sp. nov. (type species), M. elegans sp. nov., M. antennalis sp. nov. and M. sp., is reported as Insecta incertae ordinis based on four specimens from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of north‐eastern China. Magicivenidae are characterized by special antennal structures, such as each flagellomere having two lateral transverse rows of setiferous pits, and forewing venations such as a very short subcostal anterior (Sc), the radial posterior (RS) apparently lost, a weak cubital posterior (CuP), and a single cross‐vein crossing the CuP and joining the cubital anterior (CuA) to the first anal vein, all of which differ from those of any other fossil or extant insect taxa documented hitherto. According to the characters forewing with multibranched CuA, hind wing with several long anal veins, and segmented cerci, Magicivenidae should belong to Polyneoptera. The light constitution of a good flier, similar structure of the pterostigma in the hind wing, and transverse furrow on the pronotum all suggest the parallel evolution of Magicivenidae and a dictyopterid family, Alienopteridae. However, the advanced bimotory and loss of an identifiable RS make the possible affinity of Magicivenidae with Alienopteridae problematic, as the latter possess utmost posteromotory and a distinct RS. The antennae of Magicivenidae with their sophisticated sensory apparatus suggest that the four known specimens of Magicivena described here are all males; females are still to be discovered. This new finding enriches the known diversity of Cretaceous insect groups.