bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and perinatal outcomes of a venous thromboembolism high‐risk cohort using a multidisciplinary treatment approach
Authors: Ernst Daniel M. , Oporto Joaquín I. , Zuñiga Pamela A. , Pereira Jaime I. , Vera Claudio M. , Carvajal Jorge A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes in a cohort of pregnant women at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).MethodsWomen at high risk of VTE were evaluated in a multidisciplinary program using a complete diagnostic workup, and specific prophylactic or therapeutic treatment.ResultsWomen were considered at high risk of VTE in 57% (85/148) because of prior (75) or current (10) thromboembolism, and in 27% (40/148) of the cases due to adverse obstetric history. Thrombophilia was diagnosed in 57% of the cases (85/148), either in patients with previous thromboembolism (48%, 41/85) or without a history of thrombosis (70%, 44/63). The most common thrombophilia was antiphospholipid syndrome in 34% (29/85) of the cases. Under respective prophylactic or therapeutic treatment, there were no VTE during pregnancy (0%, 0/148), whereas four events occurred during the puerperium (3%, 4/148). An adverse obstetric outcome was present in 5% (7/148) of all pregnancies, with four early spontaneous abortions (3%, 4/148) and three late miscarriages (2%, 3/148).ConclusionPregnant women at high risk of VTE can be effectively managed using a risk‐adapted treatment. Our results support prospective enrollment and a multidisciplinary assessment of VTE in high‐risk pregnant women.
Uterocervical angle versus cervical length in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in singleton pregnancy
Authors: Khamees Rasha E. , Khattab Basma M. , Elshahat Amal M. , Taha Omima T. , Aboelroose Ahmed A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive role of the uterocervical angle and the cervical length in preterm birth.MethodsThis was cross‐sectional analytical study, recruiting 167 women at high‐risk for preterm birth (delivery before 37 weeks of pregnancy). They had transvaginal ultrasound for evaluation of the uterocervical angle and the cervical length between at 30 and 32, 32+1 and 34, and 34+1 and 36+1 weeks of pregnancy. The primary outcome was to determine the predictive role of the uterocervical angle and the cervical length in preterm birth.ResultsThe mean uterocervical angle was significantly greater in those who delivered preterm (115.4° ± 9.1° versus 101.1° ± 8.3°, p < 0.001). The cervical length was insignificantly shorter in the same group (27.9 ± 4.0 and 29.1 ± 4.1 mm, respectively, p = 0.067). A uterocervical angle of 105° or more predicted preterm birth with sensitivity and specificity of 86.1% and 60.4%, respectively. A cervical length of 25 mm or less had sensitivity and specificity of 27.8% and 85.8%, respectively.ConclusionA uterocervical angle greater than 105° poses a high risk for preterm deliveries. It provides a higher diagnostic performance in high‐risk patients than cervical canal length measurement.
A Double‐Blind Study of Lorazepam versus the Combination of Haloperidol and Lorazepam in Managing Agitation
Authors: Bieniek Sherrie A. , Ownby Raymond L. , Penalver Alberto , Dominguez Roberto A. 
Published: January 2021

Study Objective. To compare the utility of intramuscular lorazepam (LZ) with the combination of intramuscular haloperidol (HDL) and LZ to control acutely agitated behavior.Design. Randomized double‐blind comparison.Setting. Psychiatric emergency service of a large, university‐affiliated, municipal hospital.Patients. Twenty subjects treated on the psychiatric emergency service.Interventions. Patients received an injection of either LZ 2 mg (11 patients) or HDL 5 mg plus LZ 2 mg (9 patients). The Overt Aggression Scale (OAS), visual analog scales reflecting agitation and hostility, and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) severity scale were administered at baseline and 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after the injection.Measurements and Main Results. Planned data comparisons included categoric assignment of patients as improved, as defined by decreases in outcome measures 60 minutes after the injection, as well as continuous variables up to 180 minutes after the injection. A significantly greater percentage of subjects receiving combined treatment improved on the specific measures 60 minutes after dosing (p<0.05). Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses showed significant between‐group differences in survival curves plotted for the entire study period (p<0.05). Repeated measures analyses of variance studying group differences showed that both groups improved over time, but between‐group differences were not significant. The powers of these analyses were low due to the small sample. No serious adverse effects occurred in either treatment group.Conclusion. Our results suggest superior efficacy for HDL‐LZ over LZ alone. Categoric tests of improvement at 60 minutes provided the strongest evidence of group differences.
Critical review of Epstein–Barr virus microRNAs relation with EBV‐associated gastric cancer
Authors: Zebardast Arghavan , Tehrani Sadra S. , Latifi Tayebeh , Sadeghi Farzin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is regarded as the most prevalent malignant tumor triggered by EBV infection. In recent years, increasing attention has been considered to recognize more about the disease process's exact mechanisms. There is accumulating evidence that showing epigenetic modifications play critical roles in the EBVaGC pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as critical epigenetic modulators, are single‐strand short noncoding RNA (length ~ <200 bp), which regulate gene expression through binding to the 3ʹ‐untranslated region (3ʹ‐UTR) of target RNA transcripts and either degrade or repress their activities. In the latest research on EBV, it was found that this virus could encode miRNAs. Mechanistically, EBV‐encoded miRNAs are involved in carcinogenesis and the progression of EBV‐associated malignancies. Moreover, these miRNAs implicated in immune evasion, identification of pattern recognition receptors, regulation of lymphocyte activation and lethality, modulation of infected host cell antigen, maintain of EBV infection status, promotion of cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and reduction of apoptosis. As good news, not only has recent data demonstrated the crucial function of EBV‐encoded miRNAs in the pathogenesis of EBVaGC, but it has also been revealed that aberrant expression of exosomal miRNAs in EBVaGC has made them biomarkers for detection of EBVaGC. Regarding these substantial characterizes, the critical role of EBV‐encoded miRNAs has been a hot topic in research. In this review, we will focus on the multiple mechanisms involved in EBVaGC caused by EBV‐encoded miRNAs and briefly discuss their potential application in the clinic as a diagnostic biomarker.
CYLD mediates human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell dysfunction in congenital heart disease‐associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Zhou Jing‐jing , Li Huang , Li Li , Li Yue , Wang Pei‐he , Meng Xian‐min , He Jian‐guo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of congenital heart disease (CHD). Deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) has been reported to significantly aggravate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration. Here, we aimed to further investigate its roles and underlying mechanisms in the CHD‐PAH development. The expression of CYLD in the lung tissues from CHD‐PAH patients and monocrotaline (MCT) plus aortocaval (AV)‐induced PAH rats, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from MCT‐AV‐induced PAH rats, and human PASMCs (HPASMCs) was evaluated. After infection with CYLD siRNA or pcNDA3.1‐CYLD, the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of HPASMCs were measured using an EdU assay, transwell and scratch wound healing assays, and flow cytometric assay, respectively. An adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector encoding CYLD was used to suppress CYLD expression by being intratracheally instilled in rats 7 days before MCT‐AV treatment. The results showed that CYLD was increased in the lung tissues from CHD‐PAH patients and MCT‐AV‐induced PAH rats, and in PASMCs from MCT‐AV‐induced PAH rats. The contractile‐type HPASMCs expressed low levels of CYLD, while the proliferative synthetic‐type HPASMCs expressed high levels of CYLD. In addition, CYLD could mediate HPASMC dysfunction, which regulated HPASMC phenotypic transformation and proliferation via the modulation of p38 and ERK activation, while CYLD regulated HPASMC migration via the modulation of p38 activation. In vivo results demonstrated that the local suppression of CYLD expression could attenuate the increased levels of PAH and its associated pulmonary vascular remodeling in MCT‐AV‐induced PAH rats. Collectively, these results indicated that CYLD might be a potential novel therapeutic target for the prevention of PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling in CHD‐PAH through the modulation of HPASMC dysfunction.
Novel insights: Dynamic foam cells derived from the macrophage in atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Jun , Meng Qinghai , Fu Yu , Yu Xichao , Ji Tingting , Chao Ying , Chen Qi , Li Yu , Bian Huimin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAtherosclerosis can be regarded as a chronic disease derived from the interaction between disordered lipoproteins and an unsuitable immune response. The evolution of foam cells is not only a significant pathological change in the early stage of atherosclerosis but also a key stage in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is mainly caused by the imbalance among lipids uptake, lipids treatment, and reverse cholesterol transport. Although a large number of studies have summarized the source of foam cells and the mechanism of foam cells formation, we propose a new idea about foam cells in atherosclerosis. Rather than an isolated microenvironment, the macrophage multiple lipid uptake pathways, lipid internalization, lysosome, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase (NCEH), acyl‐coenzyme A–cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), and reverse cholesterol transport are mutually influential, and form a dynamic process under multi‐factor regulation. The macrophage takes on different uptake lipid statuses depending on multiple uptake pathways and intracellular lipids, lipid metabolites versus pro‐inflammatory factors. Except for NCEH and ACAT, the lipid internalization of macrophages also depends on multicellular organelles including the lysosome, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, which are associated with each other. A dynamic balance between esterification and hydrolysis of cholesterol for macrophages is essential for physiology and pathology. Therefore, we propose that the foam cell in the process of atherosclerosis may be dynamic under multi‐factor regulation, and collate this study to provide a holistic and dynamic idea of the foam cell.
High regenerative capacity is a general feature within colonial dendrophylliid corals (Anthozoa, Scleractinia)
Authors: Luz Bruna Louise Pereira , Miller David John , Kitahara Marcelo Visentini 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe regenerative capacity of cnidarians plays an essential role in the maintenance and restoration of coral reef ecosystems by allowing faster recovery from disturbances and more efficient small‐scale dispersal. However, in the case of invasive species, this property may contribute to their dispersal and success in nonnative habitats. Given that four Indo‐Pacific members of the coral genus Tubastraea have invaded the Atlantic, here we evaluated the ability of three of these species (Tubastraea coccinea, Tubastraea diaphana, and Tubastraea micranthus) to regenerate from fragments of undifferentiated coral tissue to fully functional polyps in response to differences in food supply and fragment size. For comparative purposes, another colonial dendrophylliid (Dendrophyllia sp.) was included in the analyses. All dendrophylliids displayed regenerative ability and high survival rates that were independent of whether or not food was supplied or fragment size. However, regeneration rates varied between species and were influenced by fragment size. Temporal expression of key genes of the regenerative process (Wnt and FGF) was profiled during whole‐body regeneration of T. coccinea, suggesting a remarkable regenerative ability of T. coccinea that points to its potential use as a laboratory model for the investigation of regeneration in colonial calcified anthozoans.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with COVID‐19 positivity and severity of the disease
Authors: Demir Mustafa , Demir Fadime , Aygun Hatice 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study examined the relationship between polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test positivity and clinical outcomes of vitamin D levels measured within the 6 months before the PCR test in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐positive patients. In this retrospective cohort study, COVID‐19 (227) and non‐COVID‐19 patients (260) were divided into four groups according to their vitamin D levels: Group I (0–10 ng/ml), Group II (10–20 ng/ml), Group III (20–30 ng/ml), and Group IV (vitamin D > 30 ng/ml). Laboratory test results and the radiological findings were evaluated. In addition, for comparative purposes, medical records of 1200 patients who had a hospital visit in the November 1, 2019–November 1, 2020 period for complaints due to reasons not related to COVID‐19 were investigated for the availability of vitamin D measurements. This search yielded 260 patients with tested vitamin D levels. Vitamin D levels were below 30 ng/ml in 94.27% of 227 COVID‐19‐positive patients (average age, 46.32 ± 1.24 years [range, 20–80 years] and 56.54% women) while 93.07% of 260 non‐COVID‐19 patients (average age, 44.63 ± 1.30 years [range, 18–75 years] and 59.50% women) had vitamin D levels below 30 ng/ml. Nevertheless, very severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/ml) was considerably more common in COVID‐19 patients (44%) (average age, 44.15 ± 1.89 years [range, 23–80 years] and 57.57% women) than in non‐COVID‐19 ones (31%) (average age, 46.50 ± 2.21 years [range, 20–75 years] and 62.5% women). Among COVID‐19‐positive patients, the group with vitamin D levels of  >30 ng/ml had significantly lower D‐dimer and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, number levels, number of affected lung segments and shorter hospital stays. No difference was found among the groups in terms of age and gender distribution. Elevated vitamin D levels could decrease COVID‐19 PCR positivity, D‐dime and CRP levels and the number of affected lung segments in COVID‐19‐positive patients, thereby shortening the duration of hospital stays and alleviating the intensity of COVID‐19.
Outcomes of uninterrupted vs interrupted Periprocedural direct oral Anticoagulants in atrial Fibrillation ablation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Basu‐Ray Indranill , Khanra Dibbendhu , Kupó Péter , Bunch Jared , Theus Sue A. , Mukherjee Anindya , Shah Sumit K. , Komócsi András , Adeboye Adedayo , Jefferies John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies indicate that uninterrupted anticoagulation (UA) is superior to interrupted anticoagulation (IA) in the periprocedural period during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Still IA is followed in many centers considering the bleeding risk. This meta‐analysis compares interrupted and uninterrupted direct oral anticoagulation during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.MethodsA systematic search into PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases was performed and five studies were selected that directly compared IA vs UA before ablation and reported procedural outcomes, embolic, and bleeding events. The primary outcome of the study was major adverse cerebro‐cardiovascular events.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 840 patients with UA and 938 patients with IA. Median follow‐up was 30 days. Activated clotting time (ACT) before first heparin bolus was significantly longer with UA (P = .006), whereas mean ACT was similar between the two groups (P = .19). Total heparin dose needed was significantly higher with IA (mean, ‒1.61; 95% CI, ‒2.67 to ‒0.55; P = .003). Mean procedure time did not vary between groups (P = .81). Overall complication rates were low, with similar major adverse cerebro‐cardiovascular event (P = .40) and total bleeding (P = .55) rates between groups. Silent cerebral events (SCEs) were significantly more frequent with IA (log odds ratio, ‒0.90; 95% CI, ‒1.59 to ‒0.22; P < .01; I2, 33%). Rates of major bleeding, minor bleeding, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and puncture complications were similar between groups.ConclusionsUA during atrial fibrillation ablation has similar bleeding event rates, procedural times, and mean ACTs as IA, with fewer SCEs.
Exosomal NNMT from peritoneum lavage fluid promotes peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhu A‐Kao , Shan Yu‐Qiang , Zhang Jian , Liu Xin‐Chun , Ying Rong‐Chao , Kong Wen‐Cheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeritoneal metastasis (PM) is the major cause of recurrence in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and is associated with poor prognosis. The oncogenic role of Nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) in GC has been reported, but the role of secreted NNMT that is transported by exosomes remains unknown. In this study, exosomes were isolated from GC patients with or without PM and from GC cell line, including GC‐114, GC‐026, MKN45, and SNU‐16 cells. The contents of NNMT were significantly enhanced in exosomes isolated from GC patients with PM compared with those from GC patients without PM. Furthermore, the levels of NNMT were significantly enhanced in exosomes from GC cell lines relative to those from normal human gastric epithelial cell line GES‐1 cells. These data indicate that NNMT may be involved in intercellular communication for peritoneal dissemination. Moreover, colocalization of GC‐derived exosomal NNMT was found in human peritoneal mesothelial cell line HMrSV5 cells. Additionally, relative to GES‐1 exosomes, SNU‐16 exosomes significantly activated TGF‐β/smad2 signaling in HMrSV5 cells. However, when NNMT was silenced, the activation of TGF‐β/smad2 by SNU‐16 exosomes was abolished in HMrSV5 cells. We propose that NNMT‐containing exosomes derived from GC cells could promote peritoneal metastasis via TGF‐β/smad2 signaling.
miR‐330 alleviates dextran sodium sulfate‐induced ulcerative colitis through targeting IRAK1 in rats
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Shu‐Fang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory bowel disease that severely impairs patients' life quality. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to exhibit potential therapeutic effects in the management of UC. With the aim to investigate the regulatory effects of miR‐330 on UC‐related colon tissue damage and inflammation, a rat model of experimental colitis was established by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). DSS‐treated rats showed mucosal damage, colonic inflammation, and elevated myeloperoxidase activity compared with the healthy controls. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding of interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and miR‐330. Subsequently, rats were intracolonically injected with miR‐330 argomir with/without administration of IRAK1 during DSS treatment. The miR‐330 overexpression reduced DSS‐induced colonic injury and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The level of IRAK1 was negatively regulated by the expression of miR‐330. IRAK1 overexpression abolished the protective effect of miR‐330 on DSS‐induced colonic inflammation and mucosal injury in rats. In conclusion, we clarify the role of miR‐330 in pathogenesis of UC, suggesting miR‐330 alleviated DSS‐induced colitis by downregulating IRAK1, shedding lights on miR‐330 as a therapeutic candidate for UC treatment.
Food source diversity, trophic plasticity, and omnivory enhance the stability of a shallow benthic food web from a high‐Arctic fjord exposed to freshwater inputs
Authors: Bridier Guillaume , Olivier Frédéric , Chauvaud Laurent , Sejr Mikael K. , Grall Jacques 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnder climate change, many Arctic coastal ecosystems receive increasing amounts of freshwater, with ecological consequences that remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how freshwater inputs may affect the small‐scale structure of benthic food webs in a low‐production high‐Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland). We seasonally sampled benthic invertebrates from two stations receiving contrasting freshwater inputs: an inner station exposed to turbid and nutrient‐depleted freshwater flows and an outer station exposed to lower terrestrial influences. Benthic food web structure was described using a stable isotope approach (δ13C and δ15N), Bayesian models, and community‐wide metrics. The results revealed the spatially and temporally homogeneous structure of the benthic food web, characterized by high trophic diversity (i.e., a wide community isotopic niche). Such temporal stability and spatial homogeneity mirrors the high degree of trophic plasticity and omnivory of benthic consumers that allows the maintenance of several carbon pathways through the food web despite different food availability. Furthermore, potential large inputs of shelf organic matter together with local benthic primary production (i.e., macroalgae and presumably microphytobenthos) may considerably increase the stability of the benthic food web by providing alternative food sources to locally runoff‐impacted pelagic primary production. Future studies should assess beyond which threshold limit a larger increase in freshwater inputs might cancel out these stability factors and lead to marked changes in Arctic benthic ecosystems.
Daphnia depth selection in gradients of light intensity from different artificial sources: An evolutionary trap?
Authors: Maszczyk Piotr , Tałanda Joanna , Babkiewicz Ewa , Leniowski Konrad , Urban Paulina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt is well known that artificial light at night alters the natural patterns of light in space and time, which interrupts a variety of physiological processes of individuals, altering their life history and behavioral adjustments. However, much less is known about the effect of artificial light at night on their fitness. We tested the hypothesis that planktonic animals, such as Daphnia spp., are able to correctly assess light intensity‐ and spectrum‐dependent‐mortality risk due to predation by planktivorous fish and select depths offering the highest possible fitness gain in the vertical gradient of different artificial light sources (halogen, metal‐halide, cool white LEDs, and high pressure sodium lamps) commonly used in street lighting. To test this hypothesis, we compared the virtual distributions of three clones of Daphnia longispina from simulations based on an experimentally parameterized, optimizing individual‐based model with distributions observed in laboratory experiments performed with 5‐d‐old individuals in an experimental apparatus comprised of twin vertical columns. Our hypothesis was confirmed only partially, since the distributions obtained in the experiments overlapped the virtual distributions only in the gradient of LEDs and high pressure sodium light, which suggests that that the strength of the maladaptive response could depend on the type of artificial light (i.e., spectral composition) penetrating the water column. Moreover, the results revealed that the response to the presence of artificial light is clone‐specific, which suggest that it could be a selective factor for microevolutionary changes.