bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the dependent product in toposes
Authors: Caramello Olivia , Zanfa Riccardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe give an explicit construction of the dependent product in an elementary topos, and a site‐theoretic description for it in the case of a Grothendieck topos. Along the way, we obtain a number of results of independent interest, including an expression for the operation of universal quantification on subobjects in terms of finite limits and power objects.
Highly Shrinkable Objects as Obtained from 4D Printing
Authors: Chalissery Dilip , Schönfeld Dennis , Walter Mario , Shklyar Inga , Andrae Heiko , Schwörer Christoph , Amann Tobias , Weisheit Linda , Pretsch Thorsten 
Published: September 2021

Abstract4D printing of shape memory polymers enables the production of thermoresponsive objects. In this contribution, a facile printing strategy is followed for an in‐house synthesized thermoplastic poly(ether urethane). Processing by means of fused filament fabrication, in which the difference between nozzle temperature and material‐specific glass transition temperature of the polymer is kept as low as possible, allows to obtain highly shrinkable objects whose shape and thermoresponsiveness can be precisely controlled. The effectiveness of the method also applies to the printing material polylactic acid. One possible application lies in highly shrinkable objects for assembly purposes. As proof‐of‐concept, lightweight hands‐free door openers for healthcare applications are functionally simulated and developed. Once printed, such devices shrink when heated to fit on door handles, allowing an easy assembly. At the end‐of‐use, a heating‐initiated disassembling and mechanical recycling are proposed. In perspective, a reuse of the materials in 4D printing can contribute to the emergence of a circular economy for such highly functional materials.
Two new cases of interstitial 7q35q36.1 deletion including CNTNAP2 and KMT2C
Authors: Tosca Lucie , Drévillon Loïc , Mouka Aurélie , Lecerf Laure , Briand Audrey , Ortonne Valérie , Benoit Virginie , Brisset Sophie , Van Maldergem Lionel , Laudouar Quitterie , Heide Solveig , Goossens Michel , Giurgea Irina , Tachdjian Gérard , Métay Corinne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTerminal deletions of the long arm of chromosome 7 are well known and frequently associated with syndromic holoprosencephaly due to the involvement of the SHH (aliases HHG1, SMMCI, TPT, TPTPS, and MCOPCB5) gene region. However, interstitial deletions including CNTNAP2 (aliases Caspr2, KIAA0868, and NRXN4) and excluding the SHH region are less common.MethodsWe report the clinical and molecular characterization associated with pure 7q35 and 7q35q36.1 deletion in two unrelated patients as detected by oligonucleotide‐based array‐CGH analysis.ResultsThe common clinical features were abnormal maternal serum screening during first‐trimester pregnancy, low occipitofrontal circumference at birth, hypotonia, abnormal feet, developmental delay, impaired language development, generalized seizures, hyperactive behavior, friendly personality, and cranio‐facial dysmorphism. Both deletions occurred de novo and sequencing of CNTNAP2, a candidate gene for epilepsy and autism showed absence of mutation on the contralateral allele.ConclusionCombined haploinsufficiency of GALNTL5 (alias GalNAc‐T5L), CUL1, SSPO (aliases SCO‐spondin, KIAA0543, and FLJ36112), AOC1 (alias DAO), RHEB, and especially KMT2C (alias KIAA1506 and HALR) with monoallelic disruption of CNTNAP2 may explain neurologic abnormalities, hypotonia, and exostoses. Haploinsufficiency of PRKAG2 (aliases AAKG, AAKG2, H91620p, WPWS, and CMH6) and KCNH2 (aliases Kv11.1, HERG, and erg1) genes may be responsible of long QT syndrome observed for one patient.
One or two venous pedicles by anastomoses for free flaps in reconstruction of the lower extremity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dodd Shawn X. , Morzycki Alexander , Nickel Kevin J. , Campbell Sandra , Guilfoyle Regan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrosurgical free tissue transfers are a mainstay of lower extremity reconstruction. Despite being a reliable source of soft tissue, complications do arise. Venous congestion is among the most common causes of flap failure in lower extremity reconstruction, an issue that is attributed to venous stasis and impaired venous return in this region. There remains significant debate whether dual venous drainage improves outcomes. The aim of this study was thus to compare one versus two venous anastomoses in lower limb free flap reconstruction.MethodsA systematic review of Medline, EMBASE, EBSCO CINAHL, SCOPUS, Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global, Cochrane Library, and PROSPERO from inception to May 20, 2020, was conducted. Two independent reviewers screened titles and extracted data. Our primary outcome was total free flap necrosis. Secondary outcomes were partial flap necrosis, minor complications, flap reoperation, venous thrombosis, and amputation. Methodological quality was assessed using the MINORS criteria and level of evidence.ResultsThree‐hundred and fourteen unique titles were identified. All studies were level VI evidence and had a mean MINORS score of 16.1/24. Seven studies (comprising 1499 patients, 910 single venous anastomoses, and 579 double venous anastomoses) met criteria for inclusion. The mean (SD) patient age was 46.5 (7.1) years. Double venous anastomoses did not reduce the rate of minor complications, flap takeback, venous thrombosis, total flap necrosis, or partial flap necrosis when compared to a single vein (all p > .05).ConclusionIn microvascular lower extremity reconstruction, two venous anastomoses did not reduce the rate of minor or major complications.
Quasi‐Yagi antenna with parasitic cells and its array for 5G mm‐wave operations
Authors: Qiu Peiyi , Feng Quanyuan , Miyahara Koto , Kanaya Haruichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA quasi‐Yagi antenna with parasitic cells and its array are proposed for 5G mm‐wave bands. For the antenna unit, through introducing the parasitic cells, the gain could be enhanced maximum of 1.3 dB without increasing the antenna length and a wide bandwidth served for the 5G N258 band. Besides, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with short‐circuit metal vias is employed as the feed structure and reflector, which can easily tune the impedance matching. For the antenna array, by designing a SIW power divider, the antenna element can be convenient to integrate as a 1 × 4 end‐fire array. The antenna unit and its array have been fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the high peak gain of the element and array is 9.06 and 14.38 dB within the operation bands (24.25–27.5 GHz), respectively. It is suitable for miniaturized end‐fire devices with 5G N258 mm‐wave operation systems.
Physical activity changes during behavioral weight loss treatment by Latinx patients with obesity with and without binge eating disorder
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , Kerrigan Stephanie G. , Lydecker Janet A. , White Marney A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis secondary analysis examined physical activity (PA) changes and their prognostic significance among Latinx patients with obesity, with and without binge eating disorder (BED), who participated in a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial testing the addition of orlistat to behavioral weight‐loss (BWL) treatment in a “real‐world” clinical setting.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial at a community mental health center serving economically disadvantaged Spanish‐speaking‐only Latinx patients, 79 patients with obesity (40 with BED and 39 without BED) received BWL treatment and were randomized to orlistat or placebo. PA, weight, depression, and binge eating were assessed at baseline, posttreatment (end of treatment [4 months]), and the 6‐month follow‐up (10 months after baseline).ResultsPA was low at baseline (9.3% categorized as “active”), increased during treatment (32.9% categorized as “active” at posttreatment), and declined from posttreatment to the 6‐month follow‐up (28.2% classified as “active”). At baseline, PA was lower among patients with BED than those without BED. Changes in PA during and after treatment did not differ by BED status or medication condition. PA change was associated with reduced depression but not weight loss.ConclusionsLatinx patients with obesity receiving BWL treatment achieved significant, albeit modest, increases in PA. Although PA changes were not associated with weight loss, they were associated with reduced depression. Identifying methods to increase PA further is necessary.
Envisioning a resilient future for biodiversity conservation in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Thurstan Ruth H. , Hockings Kimberley J. , Hedlund Johanna S. U. , Bersacola Elena , Collins Claire , Early Regan , Ermiasi Yunsiska , Fleischer‐Dogley Frauke , Gilkes Gabriella , Harrison Mark E. , Imron Muhammad Ali , Kaiser‐Bunbury Christopher N. , Refly Katoppo Daniel , Marriott Cheryl , Muzungaile Marie‐May , Nuno Ana , Regalla de Barros Aissa , van Veen Frank , Wijesundara Isuru , Dogley Didier , Bunbury Nancy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

As the COVID‐19 pandemic continues to affect societies across the world, the ongoing economic and social disruptions are likely to present fundamental challenges for current and future biodiversity conservation.

We review the literature for outcomes of past major societal, political, economic and zoonotic perturbations on biodiversity conservation, and demonstrate the complex implications of perturbation events upon conservation efforts. Building on the review findings, we use six in‐depth case studies and the emerging literature to identify positive and negative outcomes of the COVID‐19 pandemic, known and anticipated, for biodiversity conservation efforts around the world.

A number of similarities exist between the current pandemic and past perturbations, with experiences highlighting that the pandemic‐induced declines in conservation revenue and capacity, livelihood and trade disruptions are likely to have long‐lasting and negative implications for biodiversity and conservation efforts.

Yet, the COVID‐19 pandemic also brought about a global pause in human movement that is unique in recent history, and may yet foster long‐lasting behavioural and societal changes, presenting opportunities to strengthen and advance conservation efforts in the wake of the pandemic. Enhanced collaborations and partnerships at the local level, cross‐sectoral engagement, local investment and leadership will all enhance the resilience of conservation efforts in the face of future perturbations. Other actions aimed at enhancing resilience will require fundamental institutional change and extensive government and public engagement and support if they are to be realised.

The pandemic has highlighted the inherent vulnerabilities in the social and economic models upon which many conservation efforts are based. In so doing, it presents an opportunity to reconsider the status quo for conservation, and promotes behaviours and actions that are resilient to future perturbation.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Late mortality among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed during 1971–2008 in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Sørensen Gitte V. , Belmonte Federica , Erdmann Friederike , Mogensen Hanna , Albieri Vanna , Holmqvist Anna S. , Madanat‐Harjuoja Laura , Talbäck Mats , Heyman Mats M. , Malila Nea , Feychting Maria , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Winther Jeanette F. , Hasle Henrik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate all‐cause and cause‐specific late mortality after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in a population‐based Nordic cohort.MethodsFrom the cancer registries of Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, we identified 3765 five‐year survivors of ALL, diagnosed before age 20 during 1971–2008. For each survivor, up to five matched comparison subjects were randomly selected from the general population (n = 18,323). Causes of death were classified as relapse related, health related, and external. Late mortality was evaluated by cumulative incidences of death from 5‐year survival date. Mortality hazard ratios (HR) were evaluated with Cox proportional models.ResultsAmong the survivors, 315 deaths occurred during a median follow‐up of 16 years from 5‐year survival date (range 0–42). The majority were attributable to relapse (n = 224), followed by second neoplasm (n = 45). Cumulative incidence of all‐cause late mortality at 15 years from diagnosis decreased gradually over treatment decades, from 14.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.6–17.2) for survivors diagnosed during 1971–1981, to 2.5% (95% CI: 1.3–3.7) for those diagnosed during 2002–2008. This was mainly attributable to a reduction in relapse‐related deaths decreasing from 13.4% (95% CI: 10.7–16.1) for survivors diagnosed during 1971–1981 to 1.9% (95% CI: 0.9–2.8) for those diagnosed during 2002–2008. Health‐related late mortality was low and did not change substantially across treatment decades. Compared to comparison subjects, all‐cause mortality HR was 40 (95% CI: 26–61) 5–9 years from diagnosis, and 4.4 (95% CI: 3.4–5.6) ≥10 years from diagnosis.ConclusionsSurvivors of ALL have higher late mortality than population comparison subjects. Among the survivors, there was a temporal reduction in risk of death from relapse, without increments in health‐related death.
Synergy of B4C@MoS2 hybrid for significantly improved mechanical and tribological properties of PI/PTFE fabric composites
Authors: Liu Meng , Zhang Zhaozhu , Wang Yanling , Li Peilong , Yang Mingming , Yuan Junya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a hierarchical B4C@MoS2 hybrid is constructed by growing MoS2 nanoflowers onto micro B4C (boron carbide) surface via an in situ hydrothermal process. Thereinto, the PDA/PEI (polydopamine/polyethyleneimine) co‐deposition coating covers over the micro B4C surface to serve as the interfacial interlayer responsible for assembling the B4C and MoS2 together strongly. The achieved B4C@MoS2 hybrid is used to strengthen the tribological performance of PI/PTFE fabric phenolic composites. Tests showed that the resultant B4C@MoS2/fabric composites exhibited effective enhancement in hardness because of the outstanding strength and modulus of B4C. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of B4C@MoS2/fabric composites significantly outperformed the MoS2/fabric composites resulting from the excellent thermal and barrier properties of B4C. Moreover, the tribological tests manifested that the wear rate of B4C@MoS2/fabric composites was decreased by 84% compared to that of pure composites. The synergetic enhancement effect between B4C and MoS2 was revealed by worn surfaces and tribofilms analysis. The B4C@MoS2/fabric composites possessed the optimal wear resistance ascribed to the excellent load‐bearing capacity of B4C and lubricating property of MoS2.
Identification of fetal aneuploidy with dual‐probe fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in circulating trophoblasts after enrichment using a high‐sensitivity microfluidic platform
Authors: Sonek Jiri , Muller Rolf , Muller‐Cohn Judy , Dickerson Janet , Garcia Lopez Brenda , Barber‐Singh Jennifer , Dufek Dylan , Hiett Adam Kinney , Buchanan Philip 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate a microfluidics‐based positive selection technology for isolating circulating trophoblasts (CTs) from peripheral blood of women whose pregnancies are affected by aneuploidy and to evaluate fetal karyotype using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).MethodTen 18‐ml samples of peripheral blood were collected consecutively from pregnant women whose fetus was affected by aneuploidy. A preservation buffer was added, and the specimens were shipped overnight to the testing laboratory at ambient temperature. The specimen was infused into the fully automated microfluidics‐based LiquidScan® instrument without pre‐processing. This instrument contains microfluidic chips, which are coated with antibodies (anti‐huEpCAM and a proprietary antibody mixture) specific to CT surface epitopes. FISH analysis was performed on the enriched cells.ResultsFetal aneuploidy evaluated included trisomy 21 (n = 3), trisomy 18 (n = 1), trisomy 13 (n = 1), monosomy X (n = 3), and triploidy (n = 1). CTs for analysis by FISH were identified in all samples. The average number of mononucleate cells per 1 ml of whole blood was 2.11 (range 0.38–4.63) overall and was 2.67 (range 1.13–4.63) using the proprietary combination of antibodies. FISH results were concordant with the aneuploidy based on other testing in all cases. Multinucleate cells were searched for and identified in the last seven samples (average number: 0.84/1 ml).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the LiquidScan®, a high‐sensitivity microfluidic platform, can enrich circulating trophoblasts (mononucleate and multinucleate). FISH can then be used to detect fetal aneuploidy.
Fetal open spinal dysraphism repair through a mini‐hysterotomy: Influence of gestational age at surgery on children's ability to walk
Authors: Peralta Cleisson Fábio Andrioli , Botelho Rafael Davi , Imada Vanessa , Lamis Fabricio , Antunes Danielle Ribeiro Vieira , Nani Fernando , Balsalobre Andreza Gonzaga Bartilotti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the impact of gestational age (GA) at the time of fetal open spinal dysraphism (OSD) repair through a mini‐hysterotomy on the ability of children to walk.MethodsChildren who underwent in utero repair of OSD and had formal neurological assessment after 2.5 years of age were compared regarding their ability to walk in relation to pre‐surgical predictors.ResultsSixty‐nine children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among them, 63.7% (44/69) were able to walk with or without orthesis. Fetal OSD correction performed earlier in gestation (from 19.7 to 26.9 weeks) was associated with a higher probability of walking with or without orthesis (p = 0.033). The median GA at delivery was 35.3 weeks. Multivariate binary logistic regression showed that the upper anatomical level of the OSD (<L4 or > L5) (p < 0.004; OR: 10.31 [95% CI: 2.07–51.28]) and GA at the time of fetal surgery (p = 0.026; OR = 0.68 [95% CI: 0.48–0.95]) were independent predictors of the postnatal ability to walk with or without orthesis.ConclusionFetuses with OSD who were operated on earlier in pregnancy (range: 19.7–26.9 weeks), were more likely to walk with or without orthesis.
Analysis and modeling of modified styrene–acrylonitrile/carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanocomposites filled with graphene and graphene oxide: Interfacial interaction and nonlinear elastoplastic behavior
Authors: Azizli Mohammad Javad , Dehaghi Fatemeh Morshedi , Nasrollahi Bahareh , Barghamadi Mohammad , Rezaeeparto Katayoon , Parham Somayeh , Mokhtary Masoud , Ramakrishna Seeram , Ghomi Erfan Rezvani 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNonlinear elastoplastic behavior of the nanocomposites based on the styrene–acrylonitrile/carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (SAN/XNBR) blend was investigated using experimental and theoretical analysis. Graphene, graphene oxide nanoparticles, and glycidyl methacrylate‐grafted‐XNBR (XNBR‐g‐GMA) as a compatibilizer were incorporated in the SAN/XNBR blends. In this regard, the focus of this study is on modeling of the stress–strain behavior of these nanocomposites, considering the effect of the interfacial interactions made by compatibilizer. For this purpose, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques were used to investigate the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocomposites. In addition, FESEM and TEM images showed that the presence of a compatibilizer could influence the dispersion and localization of the nanoparticles. According to the tensile test results, the presence of the compatibilizer increased the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, specifically elongation at break. Considering the nanocomposite containing compatibilizer and graphene oxide, the elongation at break increased about 570% compared with the nanocomposite without compatibilizer. Better dispersion of graphene oxide and the creation of chemical interaction among components in the presence of the XNBR‐g‐GMA compatibilizer could be the reasons for these improvements, as confirmed by TEM. The usage of the Bergstrom–Boyce model for analyzing the nonlinear elastoplastic behavior of the nanocomposites illustrated proper conformity with the experimental data in the elastic region. However, there are some deviations in the viscoplastic region, particularly close to the breaking elongation region.
Mechanically strong and stiff supramolecular polymers enabled by fiber reinforced long‐chain alkane matrix
Authors: Lv Ping , Shen Xin , Cui Zhiliyu , Li Bo , Xu Qiangqiang , Yu Zhuo , Lu Weijie , Shao Haonan , Ge Yan , Qi Zhenhui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFiber‐reinforced‐concrete (FRC) mechanism refers short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented, which offers an effective way to improve the mechanical performance of concrete. In the design of supramolecular polymers, an analogous concept of FRC appears to have been considered very rarely‐although fibrous structure has been frequently observed/generated during the supramolecular polymerization. In this work, we apply the alkane thermosets, octadecane (C18H38) and tetracosane (C24H50), taking the role of “concrete”, and the low‐molecular‐weight monomer with long alkyl chains as the essential “fiber” component, to fabricate the “fiber reinforced supramolecular polymer”. Very much like FRC mechanism in material science, the resulting fiber reinforced supramolecular polymer thus exhibit unusually high mechanical strength and stiffness, which is unprecedented in the conventional supramolecular strategy.
How do Cormic Index profiles contribute to differences in spirometry values between White and First Nations Australian children?
Authors: Collaro Andrew J. , Chang Anne B. , Marchant Julie M. , Chatfield Mark D. , Blake Tamara L. , McElrea Margaret S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpirometry values of First Nations Australian children are lower than White children. One explanation relates to differences in the sitting‐height/standing‐height ratio (Cormic Index), as this accounts for up to half the observed differences in spirometry values between White children and other ethnicities. We investigated whether the Cormic Index of First Nations children differs from White children and if this explains the lower spirometry values of First Nations children.MethodsFirst Nations children (n = 619) aged 8–16 years were recruited from nine Queensland communities. Their spirometry and Cormic Index data were compared to that of White children (n = 907) aged 8–16 years from the NHANES III dataset.ResultsFEV1 and FVC of First Nations children was 8% lower for children aged 8–11.9 years and 9%–10% lower for children aged 12–16 years. The Cormic Index was statistically lower in the First Nations 8–11.9 years group (median = 0.515, interquartile range [IQR]: 0.506–0.525) compared with White children (0.519, IQR: 0.511–0.527), and this difference was greater in the 12–16 years group (0.505, IQR: 0.492–0.516; 0.520, IQR: 0.510–0.529). Adjusting for age, sex, and standing height, lower Cormic Index of First Nations children accounts for 14% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7%–21%) of FEV1 and 15% (95% CI: 8%–21%) of FVC differences in the younger group, and 26% (95% CI: 16%–37%) of FEV1 and 31% (95% CI: 19%–42%) of FVC differences in the older group.ConclusionEthnic differences in Cormic Index partly account for why healthy First Nations Australian children have lower spirometry values than White children. As childhood spirometry values impact adult health, other contributing factors require attention.