bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Mobility of Robotic Arms in Collision-free Motion Planning
Authors: Kaden Sascha , Thomas Ulrike 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA major task in motion planning is to find paths that have a high ability to react to external influences while ensuring a collision-free operation at any time. This flexibility is even more important in human-robot collaboration since unforeseen events can occur anytime. Such ability can be described as mobility, which is composed of two characteristics. First, the ability to manipulate, and second, the distance to joint limits. This mobility needs to be optimized while generating collision-free motions so that there is always the flexibility of the robot to evade dynamic obstacles in the future execution of generated paths. For this purpose, we present a Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT), which applies additional costs and sampling methods to increase mobility. Additionally, we present two methods for the optimization of a generated path. Our first approach utilizes the built-in capabilities of the RRT*. The second method optimize the path with the stochastic trajectory optimization for motion planning (STOMP) approach with Gaussian Mixture Models. Moreover, we evaluate the algorithms in complex simulation and real environments and demonstrate an enhancement of mobility.
Building on student mathematical thinking in whole-class discourse: exploring teachers’ in-the-moment decision-making, interpretation, and underlying conceptions
Authors: Kooloos Chris , Oolbekkink-Marchand Helma , van Boven Saskia , Kaenders Rainer , Heckman Gert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOften, mathematics teachers do not incorporate whole-class discourse of students’ various ideas and solution methods into their teaching practice. Particularly complex is the in-the-moment decision-making that is necessary to build on students’ thinking and develop their collective construction of mathematics. This study explores the decision-making patterns of five experienced Dutch mathematics teachers during their novice attempts at orchestrating whole-class discourse concerning students’ various solution methods. Our goal has been to unpack the complexity of their in-the-moment decision-making during whole-class discourse through lesson observations and stimulated recall interviews. We investigated teacher decision-making adopting a model that combines two perspectives, namely (1) we explored student-teacher interaction with regard to building on student thinking and (2) we explored how the teachers based decisions during such interaction upon their own personal conceptions and interpretation of student thinking. During these novice attempts at orchestrating whole-class discourse, the teachers created many situations for students to articulate their thinking. We found that at certain instances, teachers’ in-the-moment decision-making resulted in opportunities to build on student thinking that were not completely seized. During such instances, the teachers’ decision-making was shaped by the teachers’ own conceptions of the relevant mathematics and by teacher conceptions that centered around student understanding and mathematical goals. Our findings suggest that teachers might be supported in their novice attempts at whole-class discourse by explicit discussion of the mathematics and of their conceptions with regard to student understanding and mathematical goals.
Career Adaptability, Hope, and Life Satisfaction: an Analysis of Adults with and Without Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Di Maggio Ilaria , Montenegro Esteban , Little Todd D. , Nota Laura , Ginevra Maria Cristina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsidering that adults with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) experience many barriers and challenges in designing and living a satisfactory life, based on Life Design paradigm, this study aimed at analyzing the direct and indirect effect of career adaptability, through hope, on life satisfaction in a sample of individuals with SUD compared to a sample of individuals without SUD. In this study, a sample of 185 adults with and 185 adults without SUD was involved and different measures to assess career adaptability (Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Italian Form; Soresi, Nota, & Ferrari; 2012), hope (The Adult Hope Scale) and life satisfaction (The Satisfaction with Life Scale) were used. Multigroup structural analyses were conducted to test the group differences in the direct and indirect effects model hypothesized. Results showed that career adaptability is indirectly, through hope, related to life satisfaction across two groups. These results have important implications for practice and emphasize the need to promoting career adaptability and hope in people with SUD to improve their life satisfaction that is an important diagnostic and outcome criteria in substance use disorder issues.
Renormalization in Combinatorially Non-Local Field Theories: The Hopf Algebra of 2-Graphs
Authors: Thürigen Johannes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRenormalization in perturbative quantum field theory is based on a Hopf algebra of Feynman diagrams. A precondition for this is locality. Therefore one might suspect that non-local field theories such as matrix or tensor field theories cannot benefit from a similar algebraic understanding. Here I show that, on the contrary, perturbative renormalization of a broad class of such field theories is based in the same way on a Hopf algebra. Their interaction vertices have the structure of graphs. This gives the necessary concept of locality and leads to Feynman diagrams defined as “2-graphs” which generate the Hopf algebra. These results set the stage for a systematic study of perturbative renormalization as well as non-perturbative aspects, e.g. Dyson-Schwinger equations, for a number of combinatorially non-local field theories with possible applications to random geometry and quantum gravity.
Incidence of thrombotic complications in COVID-19
Authors: Jenner William J. , Gorog Diana A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA high incidence of thrombosis in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 was identified early during the pandemic. Accurately quantifying thrombotic risk may assist prognosis and guide appropriate thromboprophylaxis. Observational studies have estimated the rate of thrombosis in both hospitalised and non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19, and how this corresponds to the severity of illness. In this review, we provide an overview of the incidence and prevalence of arterial and venous thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19 and highlight the limitations in the studies to date. Asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19 and those with mild symptoms are at very low risk of thrombotic complications. However, rates of thrombosis are substantially increased in hospitalised patients, and are strikingly high in those patients who are critically-ill requiring treatment on the intensive care unit and especially those requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clinicians managing such patients need to be aware of these risks and take appropriate steps with respect to thromboprophylaxis and heightened clinical vigilance. Large prospective observational studies will more accurately quantify thrombotic rate, and randomized controlled trials are currently investigating optimal thromboprophylactic strategies.
Amplified Impact of Climate Change on Fine-Sediment Delivery to a Subsiding Coast, Humboldt Bay, California
Authors: Curtis Jennifer A. , Flint Lorraine E. , Stern Michelle A. , Lewis Jack , Klein Randy D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn Humboldt Bay, tectonic subsidence exacerbates sea-level rise (SLR). To build surface elevations and to keep pace with SLR, the sediment demand created by subsidence and SLR must be balanced by an adequate sediment supply. This study used an ensemble of plausible future scenarios to predict potential climate change impacts on suspended-sediment discharge (Qss) from fluvial sources. Streamflow was simulated using a deterministic water-balance model, and Qsswas computed using statistical sediment-transport models. Changes relative to a baseline period (1981–2010) were used to assess climate impacts. For local basins that discharge directly to the bay, the ensemble means projected increases in Qssof 27% for the mid-century (2040–2069) and 58% for the end-of-century (2070–2099). For the Eel River, a regional sediment source that discharges sediment-laden plumes to the coastal margin, the ensemble means projected increases in Qssof 53% for the mid-century and 99% for the end-of-century. Climate projections of increased precipitation and streamflow produced amplified increases in the regional sediment supply that may partially or wholly mitigate sediment demand caused by the combined effects of subsidence and SLR. This finding has important implications for coastal resiliency. Coastal regions with an increasing sediment supply may be more resilient to SLR. In a broader context, an increasing sediment supply from fluvial sources has global relevance for communities threatened by SLR that are increasingly building resiliency to SLR using sediment-based solutions that include regional sediment management, beneficial reuse strategies, and marsh restoration.
Upper Frasnian Tornoceratidae (Ammonoidea) from the Sand Formation (Bergisch Gladbach-Paffrath Syncline, Rhenish Massif)
Authors: Söte Till , Becker Ralph Thomas , Herd Karl Josef , Bockwinkel Jürgen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExcavations in the Sand district of Bergisch Gladbach (Rhenish Massif, Germany) yielded a rich ammonoid fauna of the upper Frasnian “Archoceras”varicosumZone (Upper Devonian I-K, interval between the two Kellwasser levels). The previously unknown assemblages include six tornoceratid genera with 20 species, including seven new species (Aulatornoceras steinhausenisp. nov.,Aul. frenkleraesp. nov.,Aul. ventrosulcatumsp. nov.,Crassotornoceras nudumsp. nov.,Cr. hetzeneggerisp. nov.,Retrotornoceras juxisp. nov.,Tornoceras aequilobumsp. nov.) and taxa described in open nomenclature. There are five associated gephuroceratid genera with nine species. The unexpectedly high genus- and species-level diversity at Sand, supported by statistical indices, is unprecedented compared to other contemporaneous ammonoid faunas. It highlights the currently fragmentary knowledge of top-Frasnian ammonoid faunas on a global scale.Phoenixites frechi, the dominant tornoceratid of hypoxic and organic-rich Kellwasser facies of Europe and North Africa, is completely missing at Sand. The local assemblage structure is analyzed statistically and interpreted in terms of palaeoecology. The occurrence of a new type of “Housean Pits”, probably caused by parasitism, is found in nine species of five genera, mostly in tornoceratids. The Sand fauna indicates that the species origination rate in tornoceratids remained high after the Lower Kellwasser Event.
Decision Support for Integrated Management of Local-Level Adaptation to Climate Changes: The Case of Serbia
Authors: Vranić Petar , Glišović Srđan , Velimirović Lazar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProjected climate changes will additionally increase the already significant risk of natural hazard-related disasters in Serbia and the west Balkan region as a whole. Serbia is about to introduce the strategy for climate change adaptation and mitigation. However, a national decision-support system for implementation of the climate change law and strategy is yet to be developed. This study contributes to the implementation of adaptation policies at subnational levels by development of a decision-support model for local-level management of the climate change adaptation process. The study explores the potential for synergetic application of multicriteria decision making analysis and probabilistic reasoning methods by focusing on Bayesian networks, analytical hierarchy processes, and geographic information systems for selection of priority adaptation measures. The study was based on the formation of causal chains, which enable linking management decisions and socioeconomic or biophysical consequences into articulated sequences of conditional relationships. A model was tested in the forestry sector, and it clearly pointed out development of an early warning system and planning of water intake basins as priority adaptation measures. Since the results are shown as a probability distribution for each alternative solutions, the model can assist decision makers with prompt evaluation of various scenarios.
Integrated use of chemical and geophysical monitoring to study the diesel oil biodegradation in microcosms with different operative conditions
Authors: Raffa Carla Maria , Vergnano Andrea , Chiampo Fulvia , Godio Alberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to monitor the aerobic bioremediation of diesel oil-contaminated soil by measuring: a) the CO2 production; 2) the fluorescein production; 3) the residual diesel oil concentration. Moreover, the complex dielectric permittivity was monitored through an open-ended coaxial cable. Several microcosms were prepared, changing the water content (u% = 8–15% by weight), the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N = 20–450), and the soil amount (200 and 800 g of dry soil). The cumulative CO2 and fluorescein production showed similar trends, but different values since these two parameters reflect different features of the biological process occurring within each microcosm. The diesel oil removal efficiency depended on the microcosm characteristics. After 84 days, in the microcosms with 200 g of dry soil, the highest removal efficiency was achieved with a water content of 8% by weight and C/N = 120, while in the microcosms with 800 g of dry soil the best result was achieved with the water content equal to 12% by weight and C/N = 100. In the tested soil, the bioremediation process is efficient if the water content is in the range 8–12% by weight, and C/N is in the range 100–180; under these operative conditions, the diesel oil removal efficiency was about 65–70% after 84 days. The dielectric permittivity was monitored in microcosms with 200 g of dry soil. The open-ended coaxial cable detected significant variations of both the real and the imaginary component of the dielectric permittivity during the bioremediation process, due to the physical and chemical changes that occurred within the microcosms.
Efficiency Parameterization with Neural Networks
Authors: Di Bello Francesco Armando , Shlomi Jonathan , Badiali Chiara , Frattari Guglielmo , Gross Eilam , Ippolito Valerio , Kado Marumi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultidimensional efficiency maps are commonly used in high-energy physics experiments to mitigate the limitations in the generation of large samples of simulated events. Binned efficiency maps are however strongly limited by statistics. We propose a neural network approach to learn ratios of local densities to estimate in an optimal fashion efficiencies as a function of a set of parameters. Graph neural network techniques are used to account for the high dimensional correlations between different physics objects in the event. We show in a specific toy model how this method is applicable to produce accurate multidimensional efficiency maps for heavy-flavor tagging classifiers in HEP experiments, including for processes on which it was not trained.
Basisdimensionen für Unterrichtsqualität im Fachkontext konkretisieren: Die Rolle von Unterrichtsartefakten und Bestimmung von Standardsituationen
Authors: Seidel Tina , Renkl Alexander , Rieß Werner 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie aktuellen Diskussionen um die Fachspezifität von Unterrichtsqualität und die Erweiterung der Basisdimensionen für Unterrichtsqualität sind aus unserer Perspektive zeitgemäß, qualitätsvoll und lassen einen großen Mehrwert für die Unterrichtsforschung erwarten. Mit Bezug zu einem gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekt zur Optimierung von Videoartefakten für die Lehrer*innenbildung wird in unserem Beitrag herausgearbeitet, dass Unterrichtsqualität vor allem von den im Unterrichtsprozess umgesetzten Lehr- und Lernaktivitäten abhängt. Angehende Lehrpersonen sollten zwischen qualitätsvollen und weniger qualitätsvollen Lehr‑/Lernaktivitäten unterscheiden können. Wir plädieren für die verstärkte forschungsbezogene Entwicklung von Unterrichtsartefakten, anhand derer das optimale Zusammenwirken fachspezifischer und fächerübergreifender Unterrichtsmerkmale modelliert und empirisch geprüft werden kann. Über einen solchen Ansatz ließe sich die Frage nach fachspezifischen und fächerübergreifenden Qualitätsmerkmalen auf der Basis konkreter Unterrichtspraktiken weiter klären. Im Ausblick schlagen wir vor, für die Lehrer*innenbildung Standardsituationen für Qualitätsmerkmale von Fachunterricht zu definieren.
In the Best Interest of the Child: the Norwegian Approach to Child Protection
Authors: Melinder Annika , van der Hagen Malin Albrechtsen , Sandberg Kirsten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the present paper, we discuss three challenges with the Norwegian Child Protective System (CPS) that might have contributed to the recent criticism from the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). First, how to balance the rights of the child with those of the parents. Second, the psychological field’s influence on the interpretation of what constitutes the best interest of the child, and third we describe several missing links in the CPS work. Throughout the paper, we find indications of a well-developed Act, but a less optional CPS practice. Likewise, we find evidence for a narrow interpretation of the best interest of the child related to CPS and expert psychologists’ application of attachment theory, and several organizational and educational shortcomings in the area of CPS. We conclude that the child is not fully seen as a legal subject in the eyes of the ECtHR, and that more research into CPS measures and organization are needed to better deliver adequate assistance to vulnerable families.
Lithology classification of whole core CT scans using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Chawshin Kurdistan , Berg Carl Fredrik , Varagnolo Damiano , Lopez Olivier 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
X-ray computerized tomography (CT) images as digital representations of whole cores can provide valuable information on the composition and internal structure of cores extracted from wells. Incorporation of millimeter-scale core CT data into lithology classification workflows can result in high-resolution lithology description. In this study, we use 2D core CT scan image slices to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) whose purpose is to automatically predict the lithology of a well on the Norwegian continental shelf. The images are preprocessed prior to training, i.e., undesired artefacts are automatically flagged and removed from further analysis. The training data include expert-derived lithofacies classes obtained by manual core description. The trained classifier is used to predict lithofacies on a set of test images that are unseen by the classifier. The prediction results reveal that distinct classes are predicted with high recall (up to 92%). However, there are misclassification rates associated with similarities in gray-scale values and transport properties. To postprocess the acquired results, we identified and merged similar lithofacies classes through ad hoc analysis considering the degree of confusion from the prediction confusion matrix and aided by porosity–permeability cross-plot relationships. Based on this analysis, the lithofacies classes are merged into four rock classes. Another CNN classifier trained on the resulting rock classes generalize well, with higher pixel-wise precision when detecting thin layers and bed boundaries compared to the manual core description. Thus, the classifier provides additional and complementing information to the already existing rock type description.

Article Highlights

A workflow for automatic lithofacies classification using whole core 2D image slices and CNN is introduced.

The proposed classifier shows lithology-dependent accuracies.

The prediction confusion matrix is exploited as a tool to identify lithofacies classes with similar transport properties and to automatically generate lithofacies hierarchies.
DASSO: a data assimilation system for the Southern Ocean that utilizes both sea-ice concentration and thickness observations
Authors: Luo Hao , Yang Qinghua , Mu Longjiang , Tian-Kunze Xiangshan , Nerger Lars , Mazloff Matthew , Kaleschke Lars , Chen Dake 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo improve Antarctic sea-ice simulations and estimations, an ensemble-based Data Assimilation System for the Southern Ocean (DASSO) was developed based on a regional sea ice–ocean coupled model, which assimilates sea-ice thickness (SIT) together with sea-ice concentration (SIC) derived from satellites. To validate the performance of DASSO, experiments were conducted from 15 April to 14 October 2016. Generally, assimilating SIC and SIT can suppress the overestimation of sea ice in the model-free run. Besides considering uncertainties in the operational atmospheric forcing data, a covariance inflation procedure in data assimilation further improves the simulation of Antarctic sea ice, especially SIT. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of assimilating sea-ice observations in reconstructing the state of Antarctic sea ice, but also highlight the necessity of more reasonable error estimation for the background as well as the observation.
Oh, How the Mighty Have Fallen: The Bank Failures and Near Failures That Started America’s Greatest Financial Panics
Authors: Rockoff Hugh 
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the failures or in some cases near-failures of financial institutions that started the 12 most severe peacetime financial panics in the United States, beginning with the Panic of 1819 and ending with the Panic of 2008. The following generalizations were true in most cases, although not in all. (1) Panics were triggered by a short series of failures or near-failures; (2) many of the failing institutions were what we would now call shadow banks; (3) typically, the source of trouble was an excessive investment in real estate; and (4) typically, they had outstanding reputations for trustworthiness, prudence, and financial acumen—before they failed. It appears that in these respects the Panic of 2008 was an old-school panic.[a panic] occurs when a succession of unexpected failures has created in the mercantile, and sometimes also in the non-mercantile public a general distrust in each other’s solvency; disposing every one not only to refuse fresh credit, except on very onerous terms, but to call in, if possible all credit which he has already given.—John Stuart MillAll of this has happened before, and it will all happen again.—Peter Pan
Hume is the Enemy of Pyrrho
Authors: Dimech Dominic K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractI offer reasons against reading Hume as a Pyrrhonian sceptic. I argue that Hume's scepticism is motivated differently, that his sceptical strategies are not analogous to Pyrrhonism's, and that it is profitable to read Hume as a critic of Pyrrhonism. I hold that the most informative point of comparison between Hume and Sextus Empiricus is a point of difference, namely, their stands on the connection between suspension of judgement (epochê) and tranquillity (ataraxia). For Sextus, tranquillity flows naturally from suspending judgement on all opinions. Hume, by contrast, consistently treats radical suspension of judgement as resulting in despair and social detachment. I take a firmer stance than past commentators on this issue by affirming that Hume and Sextus do not merely disagree on this issue, but that Hume's view is more plausible. Reading Hume's sceptical crisis, I propose, reveals an insightful criticism of Pyrrhonism, one that sheds light on human nature's response to radical doubt.