bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of the interaction between the formed emulsification and yeast cells in biotransformation system
Authors: Chen Julong , Wen Xuejun , Zhang Shuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe natural gamma‐decalactone (GDL) produced via microbial biotransformation is one of remarkable lactone compound applied in the field of foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Whereas, emulsification generated during the biotransformation brings difficulties to the separation of GDL and reduces the efficiency of industrial production. In order to improve the yield of GDL, the mechanism of the interaction between the formed emulsification and yeast cells was investigated.RESULTSThe relationships of substrate ricinoleic acid (RA) droplet size, concentration, GDL concentration, and the productivity of yeast were investigated. During the biotransformation, a kind of biosurfactant was identified. The result showed that the structure of biosurfactant was mainly three lipopeptide analogues with cyclic structure. Most RA droplet size fluctuated from 2000 nm to the range of 400–4500 nm when GDL generation rate was higher at 24–36 h. In addition, GDL generation rate could be advanced by 12–24 h with droplet size of RA at about 3000 nm. The local high concentration of GDL solubilized in RA caused a great toxicity on cells after 36 h.CONCLUSIONThis study provides a remarkable theoretical guidance for the industrial biotransformation of GDL. Controlling the droplet size of RA and reducing the concentration of GDL when the emulsification generated are very significant. Finding a better extractant which is more soluble to GDL than RA and developing an In Situ Product Removal (ISPR) of GDL system is essential to improve the GDL productivity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Circular bioeconomy in the production of fucoxanthin from aquatic biomass: extraction and bioactivities
Authors: Sarmiento‐Padilla Ana L. , Moreira Susana , Oliveira Rocha Hugo Alexandre , Araújo Rafael G. , Govea‐Salas Mayela , Pinales‐Márquez César D. , Ruiz Héctor A. , Rodríguez‐Jasso Rosa M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFucoxanthin is a high‐added‐value carotenoid compound. It has been extracted from marine sources by various extraction methods in different countries. Fucoxanthin finds application in areas such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. However, recent research has shown that fucoxanthin has anticancer, antioxidant, anti‐obesity, antidiabetic, hypoglycemic and neuroprotective activities, which suggest its use as a food supplement. Finally, this review aims to show the latest advances of fucoxanthin from seaweeds in the extraction process, chemical characterization and bioactivities in the development of third‐generation biorefineries and circular bioeconomy. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Increased intracranial blood flow velocity following mechanical thrombectomy in treatment of acute stroke precedes reocclusion
Authors: Lauerer Markus , Wunderlich Silke , Boeckh‐Behrens Tobias , Ikenberg Benno 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRising numbers of mechanical thrombectomies in treatment of acute stroke emphasize the need for appropriate follow‐up to identify potential complications in time. Recent findings suggest that abnormal hemodynamics post‐recanalization are associated with worse outcomes. Here, we present the case of a patient who exhibited an increased blood flow velocity on transcranial color‐coded duplex sonography (TCCD) following endovascular intervention shortly before suffering a reocclusion of the recanalized vessel. Our example shows that TCCD may serve as a valuable tool for detecting patients at risk for secondary vascular events after mechanical thrombectomy.
A high‐yielding protocol for the synthesis of 4,5‐diarylpyrimidin‐2‐amine derivatives from chalcones
Authors: Kooramatom Unni Krishnaraj , Menon Prasanth K. , George Scholly Clair , Thomas Sajesh P. , Devaky K. S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA novel, high yielding and versatile protocol was achieved for the synthesis of 4,5‐diaryl‐2‐pyrimidinamine derivatives from chalcones. The synthesis was accomplished by converting the chalcones into 3‐chloro‐2,3‐diaryl‐2‐propen‐1‐ones followed by subsequent reaction with amidine derivatives.
Effects of B1+ Heterogeneity on Spin Echo‐Based Liver Iron Estimates
Authors: Doyle Eamon K. , Thornton Samuel , Ghugre Nilesh R. , Coates Thomas D. , Nayak Krishna S. , Wood John C. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundLiver iron concentration (LIC) measured by MRI has become the clinical reference standard for managing iron overload in chronically transfused patients. Transverse relaxivity (R2 or R2*) measurements are converted to LIC units using empirically derived calibration curves.HypothesisThat flip angle (FA) error due to B1+ spatial heterogeneity causes significant LIC quantitation error. B1+ scale (b1, [FAactual/FAspecified]) variation is a major problem at 3 T which could reduce the accuracy of transverse relaxivity measurements.Study TypeProspective.PopulationForty‐seven subjects with chronic transfusional iron overload undergoing clinically indicated LIC assessment.Field Strength/Sequence5 T/3 T dual‐repetition time B1+ mapping sequenceAssessmentWe quantified the average/standard deviation b1 in the right and left lobes of the liver from B1+ maps acquired at 1.5 T and 3 T. The impact of b1 variation on spin echo LIC estimates was determined using a Monte Carlo model.Statistical TestsMean, median, and standard deviation in whole liver and right and left lobes; two‐sided t‐test between whole‐liver b1 means.ResultsAverage b1 within the liver was 99.3% ± 12.3% at 1.5 T versus 69.6% ± 14.6% at 3 T and was independent of iron burden (P < 0.05). Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that b1 systematically increased R2 estimates at lower LIC (<~25 mg/g at 1.5 T, <~15 mg/g at 3 T) but flattened or even inverted the R2‐LIC relationship at higher LIC (≥~25 mg/g to 1.5 T, ≥~15 mg/g to 3 T); changes in the R2‐LIC relationship were symmetric with respect to over and under excitation and were similar at 1.5 T and 3 T (for the same R2 value). The R2*‐LIC relationship was independent of b1.ConclusionSpin echo R2 measurement of LIC at 3 T is error‐prone without correction for b1 errors. The impact of b1 error on current 1.5 T spin echo‐based techniques for LIC quantification is large enough to introduce measurable intersubject variability but the in vivo effect size needs a dedicated validation study.Level of Evidence1.Technical Efficacy Stage2.
Effect of salinity stress on respiratory metabolism, glycolysis, lipolysis, and apoptosis in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) during depuration stage
Authors: Chen Lipin , Yu Fanqianhui , Shi Haohao , Wang Qi , Xue Yong , Xue Changhu , Wang Yuming , Li Zhaojie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDepuration is an important process performed to ensure the safety of oyster consumption, and the effect of salinity stress on physiological and ecological characteristics of oyster remains unknow. In this study, the simulated depuration of Crassostrea gigas was performed with the salinities varying from ±10% to ±20% away from that of production area (26, 28, 32, 35, and 38 g L–1), as well as respiratory metabolism, glycolysis, lipolysis, and apoptosis were analyzed.RESULTS(i) The oxygen consumption rate, ammonia discharge rate and enzyme activities related to respiratory metabolism were decreased significantly at salinities of 38 g L–1, indicating that salinity stress triggered the abnormal respiratory metabolism of C. gigas, further, glycolysis was enhanced. (ii) Glycogen decomposition, lactic acid increase, and fatty acid composition modifications were caused by adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) ‐mediated during salinity stress. (iii) There was a clear decrease of the condition index and meat yield of C. gigas after 72 h of depuration, especially in salinity 38 g L–1. (iv) Salinity stress would lead to the increase of cytochrome c levels, then cause apoptosis of C. gigas, while heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) would interfere with this process.CONCLUSIONSalinity stress had a significant effect on the physiological and ecological response of C. gigas during the depuration process, including respiratory metabolism, glycolysis, lipolysis, and apoptosis. In general, the low depuration salinity fluctuation (±10%) is helpful to maintain quality of C. gigas, as well as the optimal depuration time was 48 h. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Current applications of capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry for the analysis of biologically important analytes in urine (2017 to mid‐2021): A review
Authors: Helena Hrušková , Ivona Voráčová , Roman Řemínek , František Foret 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis coupled online with mass detection is a modern tool for analyzing wide ranges of compounds in complex samples, including urine. Capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry allows the separation and identification of various analytes spanning from small ions to high molecular weight protein complexes. Similarly to the much more common liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry techniques, the capillary electrophoresis separation reduces the complexity of the mixture of analytes entering the mass spectrometer resulting in reduced ion suppression and a more straightforward interpretation of the mass spectrometry data. This review summarizes capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry studies published between the years 2017 and 2021, aiming at the determination of various compounds excreted in urine. The properties of the urine, including its diagnostical and analytical features and chemical composition, are also discussed including general protocols for the urine sample preparation. The mechanism of the electrophoretic separation and the instrumentation for capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry coupling is also included. This review shows the potential of the capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry technique for the analyses of different kinds of analytes in a complex biological matrix. The discussed applications are divided into two main groups (capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for the determination of drugs and drugs of abuse in urine and capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for the studies of urinary metabolome).
Diol isomer revealed as a source of methyl ketene from propionic acid unimolecular decomposition
Authors: Rogers Cory O. , Lockwood Katherine S. , Nguyen Quynh L. D. , Labbe Nicole J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCarboxylic acids are important combustion intermediates, especially regarding the combustion of oxygenates such as ethyl esters. The purpose of this study is to discern the unimolecular decomposition pathways of one such carboxylic acid, propionic acid, using microreactor flow experiments with line‐tunable photoionization mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy, along with high‐level electronic structure calculations (CCSD(T)/cc‐pV∞Z//M06‐2X/cc‐pVTZ level of theory) and master equation theory. Microreactor experiments were performed at 300–1500 K, pressures decreasing from roughly 300 Torr to vacuum pressure, and around 100 μs residence times. Primary products are methyl ketene, ketene, ethylene, and methyl radical. Theory suggests the two lowest energy bond fissions are active at these conditions and responsible for the production of ketene, methyl radical, and some ethylene. Importantly, theory revealed the significance of the isomerization of propionic acid to propene‐1,1‐diol, and the subsequent dehydrogenation reaction of the diol as an alternative explanation for the unimolecular formation of methyl ketene. This is predicted to be the dominant thermal decomposition pathway at lower temperatures (up to ∼850 K). Line‐tunable VUV photons allowed for isomer resolution of the products and showed no evidence of the diol of propionic acid surviving until detection, suggesting propene‐1,1‐diol decomposes either to methyl ketene and water rapidly, fragments upon ionization to a distonic ion inseparable from methyl ketene through our detection methods, or never stabilizes as propionic acid well‐skips directly to methyl ketene. Infrared spectroscopy showed no evidence of the decarboxylation of propionic acid at these conditions. Updated rate constants and branching ratios for propionic acid decomposition are calculated and provided for future modeling studies.
Quantitative diffusion MRI of the abdomen and pelvis
Authors: Hernando Diego , Zhang Yuxin , Pirasteh Ali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiffusion MRI has enormous potential and utility in the evaluation of various abdominal and pelvic disease processes including cancer and noncancer imaging of the liver, prostate, and other organs. Quantitative diffusion MRI is based on acquisitions with multiple diffusion encodings followed by quantitative mapping of diffusion parameters that are sensitive to tissue microstructure. Compared to qualitative diffusion‐weighted MRI, quantitative diffusion MRI can improve standardization of tissue characterization as needed for disease detection, staging, and treatment monitoring. However, similar to many other quantitative MRI methods, diffusion MRI faces multiple challenges including acquisition artifacts, signal modeling limitations, and biological variability. In abdominal and pelvic diffusion MRI, technical acquisition challenges include physiologic motion (respiratory, peristaltic, and pulsatile), image distortions, and low signal‐to‐noise ratio. If unaddressed, these challenges lead to poor technical performance (bias and precision) and clinical outcomes of quantitative diffusion MRI. Emerging and novel technical developments seek to address these challenges and may enable reliable quantitative diffusion MRI of the abdomen and pelvis. Through systematic validation in phantoms, volunteers, and patients, including multicenter studies to assess reproducibility, these emerging techniques may finally demonstrate the potential of quantitative diffusion MRI for abdominal and pelvic imaging applications.
Systematic review: Nurses' safety attitudes and their impact on patient outcomes in acute‐care hospitals
Authors: Alanazi Faisal Khalaf , Sim Jenny , Lapkin Samuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this review was to synthesize the best available evidence on the impact of nurses' safety attitudes on patient outcomes in acute‐care hospitals.DesignSystematic review with a narrative synthesis of the available data.Data sourcesData sources included MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection. Studies published up to March 2021 were included.Review MethodsThis review was conducted using guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute for Systematic Reviews and reported as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.ResultsA total of 3,452 studies were identified, and nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Nurses with positive safety attitudes reported fewer patient falls, medication errors, pressure injuries, healthcare‐associated infections, mortality, physical restraints, vascular access device reactions and higher patient satisfaction. Effective teamwork led to a reduction in adverse patient outcomes. Most included studies (N = 6) used variants of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture to assess nurses' safety attitudes. Patient outcomes data were collected from four sources: coded medical records data, incident management systems, nurse perceptions of adverse events and patient perceptions of safety.ConclusionA positive safety culture in nursing units and across hospitals resulted in fewer reported adverse patient outcomes. Nurse managers can improve nurses' safety attitudes by promoting a non‐punitive response to error reporting and promoting effective teamwork and good communication.
Registration of Gaspé Flint 1.1.1, a small‐size early‐flowering maize inbred line
Authors: Salvi S. , Tassinari A. , Li K. , Zamariola L. , Giuliani S. , Tuberosa R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlowering time is one of the most important traits affecting cultivar adaptation and remains of great interest for breeders. Early flowering genetic stocks have been selected and utilized as models for scientific, breeding, and educational purposes. In this study, Gaspé Flint 1.1.1 (GF111; Reg. no. GS‐11, PI 698804), a new rapid cycle, diminutive maize (Zea mays L.) inbred line, is described. GF111 was developed by repeated selfing (eight cycles) and selection starting from an open‐pollinated accession of the Canadian landrace Gaspé Flint. GF111 can be grown in 1‐L pots and is characterized by short stature (0.4–0.8 m), small number of leaves (8.1–9.7), two ears per plant with only one being fertilized, from zero to one tillers, early flowering (41–50 d after sowing and as little as 357 growing degree units), and very limited protandry. High‐density molecular marker analysis showed a high level of homozygosity (>96%) and an approximately 30‐Mb‐long region shared with the maize reference line B73 on chromosome 10. Because of its high homozygosity, rapid generation cycle, easy hand‐based pollination, good fertility, and limited growing requirements as to space and resources, GF111 has great potential to be used in genetic and gene functional studies, in phenotypic screenings on phenomics platforms, and for teaching activities in plant biology and breeding.
Zinc‐chelating postsynaptic density‐95 N‐terminus impairs its palmitoyl modification
Authors: Zhang Yonghong , Fang Xiaoqian , Ascota Luis , Li Libo , Guerra Lili , Vega Audrey , Salinas Amanda , Gonzalez Andrea , Garza Claudia , Tsin Andrew , Hell Johannes W. , Ames James B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChemical synaptic transmission represents the most sophisticated dynamic process and is highly regulated with optimized neurotransmitter balance. Imbalanced transmitters can lead to transmission impairments, for example, intracellular zinc accumulation is a hallmark of degenerating neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Postsynaptic density protein‐95 (PSD‐95) is a primary postsynaptic membrane‐associated protein and the major scaffolding component in the excitatory postsynaptic densities, which performs substantial functions in synaptic development and maturation. Its membrane association induced by palmitoylation contributes largely to its regulatory functions at postsynaptic sites. Unlike other structural domains in PSD‐95, the N‐terminal region (PSD‐95NT) is flexible and interacts with various targets, which modulates its palmitoylation of two cysteines (C3/C5) and glutamate receptor distributions in postsynaptic densities. PSD‐95NT contains a putative zinc‐binding motif (C2H2) with undiscovered functions. This study is the first effort to investigate the interaction between Zn2+ and PSD‐95NT. The NMR titration of 15N‐labeled PSD‐95NT by ZnCl2 was performed and demonstrated Zn2+ binds to PSD‐95NT with a binding affinity (Kd) in the micromolar range. The zinc binding was confirmed by fluorescence and mutagenesis assays, indicating two cysteines and two histidines (H24, H28) are critical residues for the binding. These results suggested the concentration‐dependent zinc binding is likely to influence PSD‐95 palmitoylation since the binding site overlaps the palmitoylation sites, which was verified by the mimic PSD‐95 palmitoyl modification and intact cell palmitoylation assays. This study reveals zinc as a novel modulator for PSD‐95 postsynaptic membrane association by chelating its N‐terminal region, indicative of its importance in postsynaptic signaling.
Three years of surveillance associates agro‐environmental factors with wireworm infestations in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Drahun Ivan , Wiebe Kiana F , Gohl Patrick , Koloski Cody W , Koiter Alex J , van Herk Willem G , Cassone Bryan J 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWireworms, the soil‐dwelling larvae of click beetles, are a major threat to global agricultural production. This is largely due to their generalist polyphagous feeding capabilities, extended and cryptic life cycles, and limited management options available. Although wireworms are well‐documented as economically important pests in the Canadian Prairies, including Manitoba, there are gaps in knowledge on species distributions, subterranean behaviour and life cycles, feeding ecology and damage capacity, and economic thresholds for crop yield loss.ResultsWe carried out 3 years (2018–2020) of intensive surveillance of larval populations across Manitoba. A total of 31 fields (24 in ≥ 2 consecutive years) were surveyed in early spring using standardized bait trapping approaches. Wireworms were present in 94% of surveyed sites, but the catch within fields varied year to year. While Hypnoidus bicolor predominated (94% of larvae), several other pest species were identified. We then explored the relationships between wireworm trap numbers and agro‐environmental factors. The larval catch tended to decrease under conditions of low soil temperatures and increased clay content, coupled with high soil moisture and precipitation during the trapping period. Treatment and cultural methods appeared less influential; however, wheat production in either of the previous two growing seasons was associated with increased wireworm catch. Our models failed to predict a relationship between wireworm catch and crop yields, although infestations were rare in our region.ConclusionOur findings better infer the risks posed by wireworms to crop production in the Canadian Prairies, and the agro‐environmental factors that represent the greatest contributors to these risks. This information should be incorporated into future integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for wireworms. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Pest Management Science © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.
Pheromone antagonism in Plu tella xylostella (Linnaeus) by sex pheromones of two sympatric noctuid moths
Authors: Wang Fu‐Min , Shen Zhi‐Jie , Schal Coby , Zhu Junwei J , Zhou Guo‐Xin , Wang Yu‐Lei , Wang Ji‐Rui , Deng Jian‐Yu , Wan Nian‐Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDResponses to sex pheromones are commonly antagonized by pheromone components of closely related species. Pheromone antagonism has not been widely explored for phylogenetically distant species that have completely different pheromone components. Yet, pheromone components of sympatrically occurring species may also interfere with each other even if these species are distantly related. Here, the effects of heterospecific pheromones on electrophysiology (electroantennogram, EAG) and behavioral responses were tested on the diamondback moth Plutella xyloslella (Plutellidae) and two sympatric noctuid moth species, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua, whose larvae also feed on Brassica crops.RESULTSThe sex pheromone blend of P. xyloslella, and its components, did not elicit EAG responses in males of the two noctuid species, while sex pheromone components of the noctuid moths elicited significant EAG responses in P. xyloslella males. In wind tunnel bioassays, both (Z, E)‐9, 12‐tetradecadienyl acetate (ZE‐9,12‐14:OAc) and (Z, E)‐9, 11‐tetradecadienyl acetate (ZE‐9,11‐14:OAc), sex pheromone components from the noctuid moths, inhibited the upwind flight behavior of P. xyloslella males toward an intraspecific pheromone odor source. In Brassica fields, sex pheromone lures of P. xyloslella did not influence trap catches of the noctuid moths, while P. xyloslella pheromone lures baited with either ZE‐9,11‐14:OAc or ZE‐9,12‐14:OAc decreased trap catches of P. xyloslella males in a dose‐dependent manner. Trap catches of P. xylostella males were also affected by the proximity of ZE‐9,11‐14:OAc or ZE‐9,12‐14:OAc to P. xylostella lures.CONCLUSIONThe uni‐directional pheromone antagonism by ZE‐9,11‐14:OAc and ZE‐9,12‐14:OAc suggests innovative semiochemical‐based strategies for the management of P. xyloslella and other economically important pests in Brassica fields. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.