bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of chicken immune responses after inoculation with H5 avian influenza virus-like particles produced by insect cells or pupae
Authors: Huang Dean , Chao Yu-Chan , Lv Zhengbing , Jan Jia-Tsrong , Yang Yu-Chih , Hsiao Pei-Wen , Wu Chia-Ying , Liao Chiu-Hsun , Wu Tzu-Hsien , Wang Lih-Chiann 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Novel clade 2.3.4.4 H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) outbreaks have occurred since early 2015 in Taiwan and impacted the island economically, like they have many countries. This research investigates the immunogenicity of two HPAIV-like particles to assess their promise as vaccine candidates.

Material and Methods
The haemagglutinin (HA) gene derived from clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIV and matrix protein 1 (M1) gene were cloned into the pFastBac Dual baculovirus vector. The resulting recombinant viruses were expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda moth (Sf)21 cells and silkworm pupae to generate Sf21 virus-like particles (VLP) and silkworm pupa VLP. Two-week-old specific pathogen–free chickens were immunised and their humoral and cellular immune responses were analysed.

Results
The silkworm pupa VLP had higher haemagglutination competence. Both VLP types elicited haemagglutination inhibition antibodies, anti-HA antibodies, splenic interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) mRNA expression, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio elevation. However, chickens receiving silkworm pupa VLP exhibited a significantly higher anti-HA antibody titre in ELISA after vaccination. Although Sf21 VLP recipients expressed more IFN-γ and IL-4, the increase in IFN-γ did not significantly raise the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the increase in IL-4 did not promote anti-HA antibodies.

Conclusion
Both VLP systems possess desirable immunogenicity in vivo. However, in respect of immunogenic efficacy and the production cost, pupa VLP may be the superior vaccine candidate against clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIV infection.
Management of Motivation of Managers’ Work At the Enterprises of Ukraine: Innovative Aspects
Authors: Popadinets Iryna , Andrusiv Uliana , Galtsova Olga , Bahorka Mariia , Yurchenko Natalia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to develop a model for managing the motivation of managers and ensure its effectiveness. The principles of formation of management model of managers’ work motivation which correspond to the universal system approach to management model of managers’ work motivation and define its basic functions are outlined: a) goal setting, b) assessment and forecasting of the state and efficiency, c) development and decision making, d) planning, e) organizational, f) communication and subordination, g) regulation of the management model of motivation of managers, h) control. The management model of managers’ work motivation of (MMMWM) is formalized in the form of a structural-logical scheme based on a systematic approach and decomposition, which reflects the interaction of subject and object in the process of forming and implementing a system of motivation of managers at the enterprise. The factors for achieving the set goals have been formed, which are divided into internal and external motivators for managing managers’ work motivation. The management model of managers’ work motivation which is presented by the following subsystems is offered: “X” – target subsystem (the management process of managers’ work motivation), “Y” – providing subsystem (factors of rational achievement of the goals), “XY” – providing subsystem (regulatory legal acts, resources), “Z” – management subsystem (reflects the implementation of the general functions of management work motivation on the basis of experience), which are characterized by parameters, indicators, criteria for managing the motivation of managers. According to the method of linear multiple regression, a system of equations was constructed to describe the economic-mathematical model of management motivation at oil and gas enterprises, which after the repeated experiments provided diagnostics of indicators before, during and after the implementation of management motivation model.
Waste to Energy: Calorific Improvement of Municipal Solid Waste through Biodrying
Authors: Zaman Badrus , Samadikun Budi Prasetyo , Hardyanti Nurandani , Purwono Purwono 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an energy resource with sufficient energy/calorific value, making it a suitable substitute for fuel. This study investigated the effect of air flow rate on the MSW calorific value, the hemicellulose content, and the MSW degradation rate in a biodrying process. Four biodrying reactors equipped with flowrate and temperature recorders were used in the study. The air flow rate was varied as follows: 0 L/min/kg, 2 L/min/kg, 4 L/min/kg, and 6 L/min/kg, corresponding to reactors R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively. The calorific value, water content, hemicellulose content, organic C content, and total N were measured on day 1, day 15, and day 30. The results showed that the biodrying process could increase the calorific value by 55.3 %, whereas the control reactor could increase the calorific value by only 4.7 %. The highest calorific value was 17.63 MJ/kg, at an air flow rate of 4 L/min/kg. The air flow rate had a significant effect on increasing the calorific value (sig.<0.05). The highest temperature in the biodrying process was 41 °C. The final MSW moisture content was 27.28 %, resulting from R4. According to the statistical test results, the air flow rate had a significant influence on the water content parameters. Hemicellulose degradation due to air flow rate reached 80–85 %. The air flow rate did not significantly influence the hemicellulose degradation (sig.>0.05). The biodrying process is the suitable method to increase the calorific value of MSW while reducing its water content; thus, the process promotes the realization of waste to energy as refuse-derived fuel.
Strength and Weakness of the Old English Adjective
Authors: Malak Janusz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs regards Old English, the inflectional strength and weakness are characterised by a kind of inconsistency. In the case of Old English adjectives these two inflectional properties appear to be different from those associated with nouns and verbs. In the case of the latter the two properties seem to be lexically determined while in the case of adjectives they appear to be determined by syntactic conditions. The traditional accounts of the Old English grammar attribute two paradigms to one adjectival lexical item. The analysis presented in this article postulates that one can actually speak about one adjectival inflection and what is traditionally presented as strong and weak adjectival inflections is actually the result of two different syntactic derivations.
EL COMERCIO ELECTRÓNICO. REGULACIÓN Y APLICACIÓN A LOS NEGOCIOS INTERNACIONALES (ELECTRONIC COMMERCE. REGULATION AND APPLICATION TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS)
Authors: Croda Marini José Rubén 
Published: May 2021

Resumen: El comercio electrónico es hoy una actividad que va ganando espacios en la cotidianidad de personas y organizaciones, pues el mundo de los negocios, sean locales, nacionales o incluso internacionales, ha observado cambios acelerados con el uso de las nuevas formas de realizar transacciones, mediante la inclusión de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICS). Lo cual trae innumerables beneficios, pero también algunos problemas y retos que deben considerase, desde los ámbitos normativo, en primer lugar, y académico, en segundo término. Por ello, se presenta un esbozo del marco regulatorio del comercio electrónico en el caso específico de México y se hace referencia a algunos aspectos de la regulación internacional. Y se presentan algunas ideas para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de este tema en la situación actual. Abstrac: Electronic commerce is today an activity that is gaining space in the daily lives of people and organizations, since the business world, be it local, national or even international, has seen accelerated changes with the use of new ways of carrying out transactions, through the inclusion of information and communication technologies. Which brings innumerable benefits, but also some problems and challenges that must be considered, from the normative spheres, first, and academically, second. For this reason, an outline of the regulatory framework for electronic commerce is presented in the specific case of Mexico and reference is made to some aspects of international regulation. And some ideas are presented for teaching and learning this topic in the current situation.
Some Interrelations between Geometry and Modal Logic
Authors: Pledger Ken 
Published: May 2021

This is a reprinting of Ken Pledger’s PhD thesis, submitted to the University of Warsaw in 1980 with the degree awarded in 1981. It develops a one-sorted approach to the theory of plane geometry, based on the idea that the usually two-sorted theory “can be made one-sorted by keeping careful account of whether the incidence relation is iterated an even or odd number of times”.The one-sorted structures can also serve as Kripke frames for modal logics, and the thesis defines and studies two such logics that are validated by projective planes and elliptic planes respectively. It raises questions of logical completeness for these systems that are addressed in the first article of this journal issue.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU VOLATILITAS HARGA SAHAM SEKTOR PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI, REAL ESTATE DAN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Ayuning Putri Anisa Ferata 
Published: May 2021

Abstrak : Tujuan dari riset ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh Devidend Payout Ratio, Devidend Yield, Earning Volatility, Pertumbuhan Aset, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Blockholders terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham. Pada penelitian ini akan menggunakan data laporan Perusahaan Lembaga Keuangan dari Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2016-2018 dengan populasi sebanyak 201 perusahaan metode purposive sampling digunakan untuk memperoleh sampel selama 3 tahun sebayak 36 perusahaan. Data penelitian ini di analisis menggunaka analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa Dividen Payout Ratio, Earning Volatility, Pertumbuhan Aset, Ukuran Perusahaan, Blockholdres tidak berpengaruh terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham Sedangkan untuk variabel Dividen Yield berpengaruh terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham.Kata kunci : Volatilitas Harga Saham, Dividen Payout Ratio, Dividen Yield, Earning Volatility, Pertumbuhan Aset, Ukuran Perusahaan, Blockholdres Abstrack : The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Dividend Payment Ratio, Dividend Results, Productive Volatility, Estimated Assets, Leverage, Firm Size and Blockholders on Stock Price Volatility. In this study will use the report data of Financial Institution Companies from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2016-2018 period with a population of 201 companies using a purposive sampling method for a 3-year sample of 36 companies. The data of this study were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis found that Dividend Payment Ratios, Income Volatility, Assets, Company Size, Blockholdres are not in conflict with Stock Price Volatility While for the Result Dividend variable produced on Stock Price Volatility. Keywords: Stock Price Volatility, Dividend Payout Ratio, Yield Dividend, Income Volatility, Asset Inventory, Firm Size, Blockholding
Descolonizar la enseñanza-aprendizaje del derecho hacia una ecología de saberes para formar abogados con enfoque de género y de interculturalidad
Authors: Córdova Vinueza Paúl 
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo quisiera cuestionar brevemente los fundamentos jurídicos del estudio del derecho y cuestionar cuáles son lasorientaciones metodológicas y conceptuales de su enseñanza desde una perspectiva de género e interculturalidad. Las preguntas que guían este análisis son: ¿cuáles pueden ser las perspectivas de discusión para transformar su aprendizaje desdela inclusión de los enfoques propuestos hacia el desarrollo del pluralismo jurídico? y ¿qué elementos serían determinantes paramodificar las formas de razonar y argumentar con esos enfoques y perspectivas durante el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje?Las esferas de formación responden a códigos simbólicos y rituales3 que moldean las formas de enseñar/aprender a pensar,razonar y argumentar. A partir de esa consideración, este artículo plantea que mediante la reinvención de aquellas dimensiones podremos modificar su epistemología y las razones normativas y democráticas que en ellas se construyen para pensar un aprendizaje del derecho en los niveles de grado y posgrado, donde no ignoremos que sus íntimas verdades nacen de la entraña misma por el control del poder y el poder del control de quienes crean, interpretan y aplican la norma jurídica.
La visión propositiva de este trabajo está pensada según las proyecciones y perspectivas del Estado Constitucional, en términos de interculturalidad y plurinacionalidad, que exige otro tipo de formación jurídica y la construcción de otro paradigma normativo y estatal que supere el monolitismo jurídico hacia la inclusión del pluralismo jurídico.
Distance technologies - methods of dynamic perception of information as a basis for updating the content of education
Authors: Strilkova T. , Telezhkina O. , Babychenko О. , Kalmykov О. , Piataikina M. 
Published: May 2021

The work is devoted to the study of students' attitude to the use of information technology in the educational process. The results of the survey of students on the perception of teachers and students of the process of information learning and the assimilation of materials for the courses they have mastered are analyzed.
Research is aimed at increasing the scientific mobility of students and teachers in the field of technical education by means of the introduction of distance learning methods and the ability to update the content of education. The main attention is paid to methods of updating information support of students for each type of classes, methods of combining general knowledge in specialties, which help to strengthen interdisciplinary links, methods of tracking course terminology and methods of combining theoretical and practical parts of the discipline.
The analysis of the use of remote technology in the conditions of COVID-19 is carried out. The world experience and the experience of Ukrainian universities are analyzed. The positive and negative aspects of distance learning are characterized from points of view of teachers and students.
The purposes and tasks facing students in the system of technical and physical and mathematical education in the conditions of distance learning are defined. The factors influencing quality of training experts in technical and physical and mathematical specialties in the conditions of distance learning technologies are discussed.
It is determined that the full or partial use of modern distance technologies will allow to achieve a qualitatively new level of higher education, which largely depends on understanding and using the modern information and communication technology. Methods of quality management of continuous technical and physical and mathematical education are defined. These methods will allow to train competitive professionals who will not only meet the current level of development of science and technology, but also ahead of it.
An Observational Study on Use of Intravenous Paracetamol for Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Newborns
Authors: Dhungana Diwas , Shrestha Manish , Joshi Suchita 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Failure or delay in spontaneous closure of ductus arteriosus is commonly seen among very low birth weight and very preterm neonates (<32 weeks), results in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Hemodynamically significant PDA (hs-PDA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not timely intervened. At present, treatment modalities for hs- PDA remain pharmacological with nonspecific cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors such as ibuprofen/indomethacin or surgical ligation whenever pharmacological management is contraindicated. Recently, trials with prostaglandin synthase inhibitor, paracetamol are emerging as an effective treatment modality for PDA closure. In this retrospective observational cohort study, we evaluated the effectiveness of intravenous paracetamol as a first line therapy in very low birth weight infants with hemodynamically significant PDA.
Methods: Twenty four preterm infants with hemodynamically significant PDA (hs-PDA) were treated with intravenous paracetamol 15mg/kg every 6 hourly and subsequent closure was evaluated clinically and by follow-up 2D-Echocardiography. The dosage of 15 mg/kg for IV paracetamol was chosen based on previously reported data for paracetamol in the treatment of PDA in preterm newborns.
Results: PDA closure following intravenous paracetamol was evident in 22 preterm neonates (91.67%). There were no significant side effects noted with paracetamol therapy.
Conclusions: This study concludes that intravenous paracetamol is an effective alternative for the pharmacological closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants.
Anesthesia For Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy In A Patient With Transverse Myelitis: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Achyut , Khatiwoda Shikshya , Khanal Kishor , Sharma Apurb , Bhattarai Prajjwal Raj 
Published: May 2021

Background: Transverse Myelitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord presenting with sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction. Patients of transverse myelitis may present to operation theater for a variety of surgical procedures. The debilitating nature of the disease and interaction with anesthetic agents poses serious challenges during perioperative period. Choice of anesthesia is debatable but the complication following anesthesia can be prevented with thorough preoperative preparation and judicious use of anesthetic agent with neuromuscular monitoring. We present a successful conduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with transverse myelitis.
Case Presentation: A 55-year-old female who was a known case of transverse myelitis presented for laparoscopic cholecystectomy to remove a gall bladder polyp. Except for weakness in bilateral lower limbs which had improved since her diagnosis of transverse myelitis two months back, she had no significant past medical and surgical history. Considering the grave possibility of malignant potential in polyp, cholecystectomy was urgent. Her vitals were within normal limits. Other systemic examinations revealed no abnormalities. She was planned under general anesthesia with avoidance of muscle relaxants and intraoperative use of bispectral index and train-of-four monitoring. The intra-operative period was successfully managed with propofol induction, fentanyl as analgesia, I-gel for maintenance of airway, and isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia. Bispectral index was targeted to 40-60. Intra-operative, and post-operative period was uneventful and she had no exacerbation in her symptoms in the subsequent follow-up.
Conclusion: As transverse myelitis is an uncommon condition and often not encountered routinely, the patient present real anesthetic challenge for an unsuspecting anesthesiologist. The successful management of such case especially with the use of novel anesthetic monitoring technique provide us with sufficient evidence that dreadful complications of transverse myelitis like exacerbation of motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction can be avoided.
Strategi Percepatan Peningkatan Kualitas Data Pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Handono Adittya Bayu , Suhattanto Muh. Arif , Nugroho Aristiono 
Published: May 2021

The improving of land data quality of land data is one of the objectives of the Complete Systematic Land Registration (called as PTSL). The land data quality that was originally in the KW 4, 5, and 6 was upgraded to KW 1. However, there are many land offices experienced a number of problems. The Karanganyar Land Office on PTSL 2019 has become the one of an office that capable of working on improvement data quality activities with large volumes, namely 46.976 parcels. This study aims to determine the strategy that used and the validity of the land data. Through a sequential mix method with an exploratory approach, it was found that Kantah Karanganyar is applied the right strategy. This is indicated from the number of the increasing land data quality and 86% of 60 samples have a good validity.
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Redistribusi Tanah Eks Kawasan Hutan di Kabupaten Musi Rawas
Authors: Dempo Agung Anugra Putra , Salim M Nazir , Farid Abdul Haris 
Published: May 2021

In 2019, Musi Rawas Regency carried out land redistribution on ex-forest land. The issuance of Presidential Regulation Number 86 in 2018 is expected to accelerate the implementation of agrarian reform. This regulation requires the provision of technical standards, institutional, and stage of activity that run in ideal condition. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to explain the extent of the suitability of that components applied in its implementation. This research uses qualitative method and descriptive approach. The result of this research are in the form of mechanism for change of status of forest area through forest area inauguration and the implementation of that land redistribution is carried out according to procedure. Constraints encountered include the relinquishment of the forest area which is still at the official report of the boundary setting area which is still at the official report of the boundary setting stage, the revision of land use plan (RTRW) is still in progress, and some administrative deficiencies can be resolved appropriately with good coordination between that stakeholders involved.Pada tahun 2019, Kabupaten Musi Rawas melaksanakan redistribusi tanah dari tanah eks kawasan hutan. Terbitnya Peraturan Presiden Nomor 86 Tahun 2018 diharapkan dapat mempercepat pelaksanaan reforma agraria. Regulasi ini mensyaratkan adanya standar teknis, kelembagaan, dan tahapan kegiatan yang berjalan dalam kondisi ideal. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk menjelaskan sejauh mana kesesuaian komponen tersebut diterapkan dalam pelaksanaanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme perubahan status kawasan hutan dilakukan dengan pengukuhan kawasan hutan dan pelaksanaan redistribusi tanah tersebut dilaksanakan sesuai prosedur. Kendala-kendala yang ditemui, yakni pelepasan kawasan hutan yang baru sampai pada tahap berita acara tata batas, revisi Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) sedang berjalan, dan beberapa kekurangan kelengkapan administrasi yang seharusnya bisa diselesaikan dengan tepat dengan koordinasi yang baik antara stakeholder yang terlibat