bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical value of INSL3 in the diagnosis and development of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zhu Jing , Zheng Xiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundInsulin‐like factor 3 (INSL3) was stated to be an essential regulator in many diseases. This present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of INSL3 in diabetic nephropathy (DN).MethodsThe serum samples were obtained from 121 DN patients, 67 T2DM patients, and 44 healthy controls. Twenty SD rats were used to establish the DN model in vivo. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were completed to analyze the INSL3 expression in cells, serum samples, and kidney of the rats. The structure of kidney was analyzed by HE staining. The diagnostic values of INSL3 in DN were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) assay. Then, Spearman's correlation analysis was executed to verify the association between INSL3 and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Finally, the proliferation and apoptosis status of transfected cells were analyzed by MTT, flow cytometry, and Hoechst33258 staining assay.ResultsWe found that INSL3 expression was up‐regulated in DN patients and SV40‐MES‐13 cells. Furthermore, the correlation analysis elucidated that INSL3 expression was negatively correlated with DN diagnosis golden criterion eGFR. INSL3 knockdown promoted the proliferation rate and inhibited the apoptosis rate of SV40‐MES‐13 cells after high‐glucose treatment. Finally, the INSL3 expression and fast blood glucose were up‐regulated in DN rats.ConclusionsCollectively, this study demonstrated the clinical significance of INSL3 in diagnosing and developing DN.
Physiologic and molecular characterization of a novel murine model of metastatic head and neck cancer cachexia
Authors: Olson Brennan , Norgard Mason A. , Levasseur Peter R. , Zhu Xinxia , Marks Daniel L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia is a metabolic disorder characterized by the progressive loss of fat and lean mass that results in significant wasting, ultimately leading to reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Effective therapies for cachexia are lacking, potentially owing to the mismatch in clinically relevant models of cachexia. Specifically, cachexia observed in a clinical setting is commonly associated with advanced or late‐stage cancers that are metastatic, yet pre‐clinical metastatic models of cachexia are limited. Furthermore, the prevalence of cachexia in head and neck cancer patients is high, yet few pre‐clinical models of head and neck cancer cachexia exist. In addition to these shortcomings, cachexia is also heterogeneous among any given cancer, whereas patients with similar disease burden may experience significantly different degrees of cachexia symptoms. In order to address these issues, we characterize a metastatic model of human papilloma virus (HPV) positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that recapitulates the cardinal clinical and molecular features of cancer cachexia.MethodsMale and female C57BL/6 mice were implanted subcutaneously with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells stably transformed with HPV16 E6 and E7 together with hRas and luciferase (mEERL) that metastasizes to the lungs (MLM). We then robustly characterize the physiologic, behavioural, and molecular signatures during tumour development in two MLM subclones.ResultsMice injected with MLM tumour cells rapidly developed primary tumours and eventual metastatic lesions to the lungs. MLM3, but not MLM5, engrafted mice progressively lost fat and lean mass during tumour development despite the absence of anorexia (P < 0.05). Behaviourally, MLM3‐implanted mice displayed decreased locomotor behaviours and impaired nest building (P < 0.05). Muscle catabolism programmes associated with cachexia, including E3 ubiquitin ligase and autophagy up‐regulation, along with progressive adipose wasting and accompanying browning gene signatures, were observed. Tumour progression also corresponded with hypothalamic and peripheral organ inflammation, as well as an elevation in neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.05). Finally, we characterize the fat and lean mass sparing effects of voluntary wheel running on MLM3 cachexia (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis syngeneic MLM3 allograft model of metastatic cancer cachexia is reliable, consistent, and readily recapitulates key clinical and molecular features and heterogeneity of cancer cachexia. Because few metastatic models of cachexia exist—even though cachexia often accompanies metastatic progression—we believe this model more accurately captures cancer cachexia observed in a clinical setting and thus is well suited for future mechanistic studies and pre‐clinical therapy development for this crippling metabolic disorder.
Novel neural network optimization approach for modeling scattering and noise parameters of microwave transistor
Authors: Şenel Bilge , Şenel Fatih Ahmet 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study performed modeling of the scattering (S) and noise (N) parameters of the ATF53189 using the General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) and Multi Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) methods based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). For modeling the linear behavior of the transistor, the optimum design parameters of the GRNN and the MLPNN methods were determined using four different optimization algorithms. These are whale optimization algorithm (WOA), artificial bee colony (ABC), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant lion optimizer (ALO) algorithms. With the help of these algorithms, the sigma parameter of the GRNN and the number of hidden layers, numbers of neurons in the hidden layers and the activation functions of the hidden layers of the MLPNN were optimized. This way, the best models required for prediction of theSandNparameters of the ATF53189 were obtained. Different models that provided each of the angles and magnitudes of theS11,S21,S12,S22parameters and theFmin, Γmin, Γoptmagnitude, Γoptangle andRnnoise parameters as the output were created. The experimental results showed that the GRNN method should be used in linear behavior modeling ofSparameters of the ATF53189 and the MLPNN method should be used in linear behavior modeling ofNparameters of the ATF53189. It is understood that the best algorithm for optimizing the design parameters of the GRNN and the MLPNN methods is the PSO. As a result, the modeling of theSandNparameters of the ATF53189 transistor was successfully carried out with the methods used in this study.
Optimization of a Fabric Softener Formulation with an Electrochemical Sensor and Streaming Potential Measurements
Authors: Aničić Maja , Budetić Mateja , Dekanić Tihana , Grgić Katia , Pušić Tanja , Samardžić Mirela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn electrochemical, cationic, surfactant‐selective sensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) functionalized with a sulfate group and the cetylpyridinium ion (MWCNT–OSO3−CP+) as a sensing material was used for optimization of the formulation of a fabric softener. Potentiometric titrations were performed and response measurements were obtained using four cationic surfactants (CS) of technical grade and four CS of analytical grade. The slope closest to Nernstian was obtained for di‐(tallow carboxyethyl) hydroxyethyl methylammonium methosulfate (MAS) (59.5 ± 1.1 mV/decade of activity in water and 57.5 ± 1.3 mV/decade of activity in CaCl2). When using CS as analytes in potentiometric titrations, the best accuracy (99.8%) was obtained when using MAS; therefore, it was chosen as the CS for the fabric softener formulation. Due to the better properties of fabric softeners with silicone in their formulations, four silicones at several concentration levels were used as potential additives. Based on the stability and viscosity of the system, the diquaternary polydimethylsiloxane (DPS) (w = 0.19%) was chosen for the fabric softener formulation. The pH did not significantly influence the potential when in the range of 3–8 or the recovery of potentiometric titrations when in the range of 3–7. The application profile of the CS was assessed through streaming potential measurements of reference fabrics in an electrokinetic analyzer. The obtained electrokinetic parameters indicated on lag in adsorption of model fabric softener (MFS) based on MAS (w = 9%), with the addition of silicone DPS (MFS 3), on cotton and polyester fabrics, but advantage in stability when compared with other MFS investigated.
Effect of Pore Size of Honeycomb‐Patterned Polymer Film on Spontaneous Formation of 2D Micronetworks by Coculture of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Oku Keisuke , Ohno Kyohei , Miyamoto Daisuke , Ito Koju , Yabu Hiroshi , Nakazawa Kohji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe geometrical control of micronetwork structures (NSs) formed by endothelial cells is an important topic in tissue engineering, cell‐based assays, and fundamental biological studies. In this study, NSs are formed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by the coculture of HUVECs and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) confined in a honeycomb‐patterned poly‐l‐lactic acid film (honeycomb film (HCF)), which is a novel cell culture scaffold. The HCF is produced using the breath figure method, which uses condensed water droplets as pore templates. The confinement of the HUVECs and MSCs in the HCF along with the application of centrifugal force results in NS formation when the pore size is more than 20 m. Furthermore, NS development is geometrically restricted by the hexagonally packed and connected pores in the horizontal direction of the HCF. Network density is also controlled by changing the seeding density of the HUVECs and MSCs. The threshold pore size indicates that NSs can be formed spontaneously by using an HCF with a perfectly uniform porous structure. This result provides an important design guideline for the structure of porous cell culture scaffolds by applying a blood vessel model in vitro.
Local temperature forecasts based on statistical post‐processing of numerical weather prediction data
Authors: Alerskans Emy , Kaas Eigil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSix adaptive, short‐term post‐processing methods for correcting systematic errors in numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts of near‐surface air temperatures using local meteorological observations are assessed and compared. The methods tested are based on the simple moving average and the more advanced Kalman filter. Forecasts from the rather coarse‐resolution global NWP model Global Forecast System (GFS) and the regional high‐resolution NWP model HARMONIE are post‐processed, and the results are evaluated for 100 private weather stations in Denmark. The performance of the post‐processing methods differs depending on the NWP model. Overall, the combined moving average and a so‐called lead time Kalman filter performs the best. The moving average was shown to be superior to a diurnal bias correction Kalman filter at removing the longer‐term systematic errors for HARMONIE forecast data and comparable for GFS forecast data. Subsequent application of the lead time Kalman filter corrects for the short‐term errors using the real‐time forecast error. The post‐processing method is adaptive and there is no need for a long record of observations or a historical archive of forecasts.
Noninvasive assessment of myocardial energy metabolism and dynamics using in vivo deuterium MRS imaging
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhu Xiao‐Hong , Li Huan , Zhang Yi , Zhu Wei , Wiesner Hannes M. , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe assessment of cellular energy metabolism is crucial for understanding myocardial physiopathology. Here, we conducted a pilot study to develop an alternative imaging approach for the assessment of myocardial energy metabolism.MethodsWe developed a deuterium MRSI method to noninvasively monitor the accumulation of deuterated downstream metabolites and deuterated water in rat hearts infused with deuterated glucose or acetate substrate on a 16.4 Tesla animal scanner.ResultsWe found that the deuterated water accumulation rate and isotopic turnover rate of deuterated glutamate/glutamine via the tricarboxylic acid cycle and exchange in rat hearts were much higher when infused with acetate compared to that with glucose, demonstrating the myocardium substrate preference for acetate over glucose.ConclusionWe demonstrated the feasibility of deuterium MRSI for noninvasive imaging and assessment of myocardial energy metabolism in vivo. Although the strong signal and large dynamics of myocardial deuterated water may provide a sensitive imaging biomarker, quantifying the metabolic rates still poses a challenge due to the confounding effects of blood recirculation, perfusion, and multiple deuterated water production pathways. In contrast, the deuterated glutamate/glutamine signal and change should directly reflect the metabolic activity of the myocardial tricarboxylic acid cycle, which can be used to study the metabolic shift in substance preference between acetate and glucose in the diseased state. Deuterium MRSI is noninvasive and robust and may have the potential to assess myocardial energy metabolism in human patients.
Adiposity and muscle mass phenotyping is not superior to BMI in detecting cardiometabolic risk in a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kakinami Lisa , Danieles Prince Kevin , Ajibade Kehinde , Santosa Sylvia , Murphy Jessica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveClassifying adiposity based on dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) muscle and fat mass phenotypes has been proposed. Whether these phenotypes are more accurate in predicting cardiometabolic risk than BMI weight status is unknown.MethodsData were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 1999‐2006 cycles, n = 5,475). Weight status was defined by BMI. Phenotypes of adiposity and muscle were based on high (≥50th percentile) and low (<50th percentile) permutations of sex‐ and age‐specific fat and muscle mass population curves. The area under the curves of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC‐AUCs), which predicted the presence of abnormal lipids, glucose, and blood pressure, were compared. All analyses were stratified by sex and incorporated the complex survey design and weighting of NHANES.ResultsThe ROC‐AUCs from weight status models used to correctly identify cardiometabolic risk ranged from 0.57 to 0.68, indicating generally weak predictive power. However, the ROC‐AUCs from DXA phenotypes were lower (ranging from 0.53‐0.68), indicating weaker predictive power than weight status, and were statistically inferior for nearly all of the comparisons.ConclusionsDespite DXA’s high cost and detailed output regarding body composition, its phenotype classification was inferior to weight status in predicting cardiometabolic risk. Further studies investigating the utility of the phenotypes are needed.
Differential expression of genes associated with non‐target site resistance in Poa annua with target site resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors
Authors: Laforest Martin , Soufiane Brahim , Patterson Eric L , Vargas José J , Boggess Sarah L , Houston Logan C , Trigiano Robert N , Brosnan James T 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoa annua is a pervasive grassy, self‐pollinating, weed that has evolved resistance to 10 different herbicide modes‐of‐action, third most of all weed species. We investigated constitutive overexpression of genes associated with non‐target site resistance (NTSR) in POAAN‐R3 and the response of those genes when treated with trifloxysulfuron despite the biotype having a known target site mutation in acetolactate synthase (ALS).RESULTSDespite having an ALS target site mutation, POAAN‐R3 still had a transcriptomic response to herbicide application that differed from a susceptible biotype. We observed differential expression of genes associated with transmembrane transport and oxidation–reduction activities, with differences being most pronounced prior to herbicide treatment.CONCLUSIONSIn the P. annua biotype we studied with confirmed target site resistance to ALS inhibitors, we also observed constitutive expression of genes regulating transmembrane transport, as well as differential expression of genes associated with oxidative stress after treatment with trifloxysulfuron. This accumulation of mechanisms, in addition to the manifestation of target site resistance, could potentially increase the chance of survival when plants are challenged by different modes of action.
Field‐evolved resistance to 11 insecticides and the mechanisms involved in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Wang Qinqin , Rui Changhui , Wang Li , Nahiyoon Shahzad Ali , Huang Weiling , Zhu Junshu , Ji Xuejiao , Yang Qingjie , Yuan Huizhu , Cui Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo understand the ongoing resistance of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, the sensitivity of five field populations to commonly used insecticides, indoxacarb, abamectin, methoxyfenozide, chlorfenapyr, chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, lambda‐cyhalothrin, carbosulfan, metaflumizone, chlorpyrifos, and flufenoxuron, were evaluated. Furthermore, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of field‐evolved resistance in H. armigera were also investigated.RESULTSFive field populations of H. armigera showed moderate resistance to indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, metaflumizone, methoxyfenozide, carbosulfan and lambda‐cyhalothrin. The resistance ratio (RR) of indoxacarb was significantly correlated with glutathione‐S‐transferases (GSTs) activity (r = 0.913, P = 0.011). Methoxyfenozide RR was largely correlated with cytochrome P450s activity (r = 0.860, P = 0.028). Besides, six cytochrome P450s genes of CYP4L5 in AQP, CYP6B7 and CYP9A14 in HDP and BDP, CYP9A17V2 in HDP and YSP, CYP332A1 in HDP, LFP, AQP and YSP, CYP337B1 in YSP, and two GSTs genes of GSTd1 and GSTs1 in HDP were overexpressed (>5‐fold). Moreover, indoxacarb RR was positively correlated with the overexpression of GSTs1, GSTd1 and CYP9A14 genes (r = 0.880, 0.98 and 0.86, P = 0.021, 0.001 and 0.028, respectively). The transcript of CYP9A17V2 and CYP337B1 were found to be correlated with metaflumizone RR (r = 0.950, P = 0.004) and carbosulfan RR (r = 0.850, P = 0.033), respectively.CONCLUSIONH. armigera can be effectively controlled using abamectin, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos and spinetoram in Hebei and Shandong provinces. The present study demonstrated that the relative expression level of GSTs1, GSTd1, CYP9A14, CYP9A17V2 and CYP337B1 genes were significantly correlated with the resistance ratio to indoxacarb, metaflumizone and carbosulfan in field H. armigera.
Forecast verification: Relating deterministic and probabilistic metrics
Authors: Leung Tsz Yan , Leutbecher Martin , Reich Sebastian , Shepherd Theodore G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe philosophy of forecast verification is rather different between deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics: generally speaking, deterministic metrics measure differences, whereas probabilistic metrics assess reliability and sharpness of predictive distributions. This article considers the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE), which can be seen as a deterministic metric, and the probabilistic metric Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS), and demonstrates that under certain conditions, the CRPS can be mathematically expressed in terms of the RMSE when these metrics are aggregated. One of the required conditions is the normality of distributions. The other condition is that, while the forecast ensemble need not be calibrated, any bias or over/underdispersion cannot depend on the forecast distribution itself. Under these conditions, the CRPS is a fraction of the RMSE, and this fraction depends only on the heteroscedasticity of the ensemble spread and the measures of calibration. The derived CRPS–RMSE relationship for the case of perfect ensemble reliability is tested on simulations of idealised two‐dimensional barotropic turbulence. Results suggest that the relationship holds approximately despite the normality condition not being met.
Founder team prior work experience: An asset or a liability for startup growth?
Authors: Hashai Niron , Zahra Shaker 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine the effects of founder teams' firm‐ and industry prior work experience on startup growth in the context of high technology industries. We study these effects both on the early growth of startups and on their growth, after accumulating experiential knowledge. Integrating the literatures on human capital, imprinting and competency traps, we develop a typology of four combinations of founder prior experience: founder same firm and same industry experience, founder same industry but other firm experience, founder same firm but other‐industry experience, and founder other‐industry and other firm experience. Using data from 153 Israeli high technology startups, we find significant variations in the effects of these combinations on startup growth, which also vary between the early and later years of these startups.Managerial SummaryFounders play a key role in the lives of their startups, applying their resources, knowledge and experience. Therefore, we ask: how does founder experience influence high technology startups' growth? To answer this question, we examine four combinations of founder prior experience: founder same firm and same industry experience, founder same industry but not same firm experience, founder same firm but other‐industry experience, and founder other‐industry and not same firm experience. Our analyses show significant differences in startup growth based on these combinations of founder prior experience and, importantly, the effect of these four combinations on startups' growth in their early years of existence differs significantly from later years, when these firms can increasingly draw on their own experiential learning.
A new wake‐merging method for wind‐farm power prediction in the presence of heterogeneous background velocity fields
Authors: Lanzilao Luca , Meyers Johan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe difference in surface roughness between land and sea, and the terrain complexities, lead to spatially heterogeneous atmospheric conditions, and therefore affect the propagation and dynamics of wind‐turbine and wind‐farm wakes. Currently, these flow heterogeneities and their effects on plant aerodynamics are not modeled in the majority of engineering wake models. In this study, we address this issue by developing a new wake‐merging method capable of superimposing the waked flow on a heterogeneous background velocity field. We couple the proposed wake‐merging method with four different wake models, i.e. the Gaussian, super‐Gaussian, double‐Gaussian and Ishihara model, and we test its performance against LES results, dual‐Doppler radar measurements and SCADA data from the Horns Rev, London Array, and Westermost Rough farms. The standard Jensen model with quadratic superposition is also included. In homogeneous conditions, the new method predicts slightly higher velocity deficits than the linear superposition method. Overall, the distributions of the difference in power ratio between the two wake‐merging methods predictions and observations show a similar mean absolute error (MAE) and interquartile range (IQR) in such conditions. On the other hand, the new wake‐merging method predictions display a lower MAE with a similar IQR in case of a spatially varying background velocity, being overall more accurate than the ones obtained with linear superposition. The most accurate estimates are obtained when the wake‐merging methods are coupled with the double‐Gaussian and Gaussian single‐wake models. In contrast, the Jensen and super‐Gaussian wake models overestimate the velocity deficits for the majority of cases analyzed.