bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Detection in China: 2015-2019
Authors: Su Wei , Ruan Yunzhou , Li Tao , Du Xin , Jiang Jiawen , Li Renzhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The very high burden of rifampicin resistance tuberculosis (RR-TB) and the very low RR-TB cases detection are a major challenge that China has been faced since the implementation of Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis in 2006. To deal with the challenge of inadequate detection of RR-TB cases, China expanded the scope of screening for RR and the application of rapid molecular drug susceptibility testing tools after 2015 and included it in the "13th Five-Year" National Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Program (2016-2020). This study analyzed the changes of RR-TB detection during 2015-2019.Method: We used data from the national Tuberculosis Information Management System to descriptively analyze characteristics of RR-TB detection from 2015 to 2019.Results: 68200 RR-TB cases were detected in 2015-2019, of which 48.1% were new cases. In 2019, the coverage rate of PMDT in prefectures nationwide reached 95.0%, an increase from 70.0% in 2015. The number and detection rate of RR-TB cases increased year by year, from 10019 and 14.3% in 2015 to 18623 and 28.7% in 2019, respectively. Of the bacteriologically confirmed TB cases, 81.9% were tested for RR, a considerable increase from 29.5% in 2015. Only 41.0% of RR-TB cases had FQs susceptibility testing performed in 2019, and this proportion has been declining year by year since 2016. The proportion of application of rapid molecular tools increased from 24.0% in 2015 to 67.1% in 2019, and the median days to obtain RR results was significantly shortened from 61 days (IQR 27–91) in 2015 to 15days (IQR 2–55) in 2019. In 2019, 76.0% of RR-TB cases were diagnosed as presumptive RR-TB in county-level hospitals.Conclusions: After China modified the RR-TB detection policies, the screening rate of RR and the number of RR-TB cases increased significantly, the RR testing methods have been transformed into the vast majority of the utilization of rapid molecular tools. However, comprehensive measures should be implemented to close the gap in the detection of RR-TB cases. It is imperative to take FQs susceptibility testing seriously and effectively strengthen the laboratory capacity of county-level hospitals.
Cellulose Derivative/Barium Titanate Composites with High Refractive Index, Conductivity and Energy Density
Authors: Barzic Andreea Irina , Soroceanu Marius , Rotaru Razvan , Doroftei Florica , Asandulesa Mihai , Harabagiu Valeria 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High refractive index and transparent materials are useful in various technical domains, ranging from energy sector to microelectronics. This work deals with polymer composites prepared by embedding small amounts of barium titanate in hydroxypropyl cellulose matrix. Optical transparency of the composite films varies in agreement with polymer doping level. Light dispersion in the prepared composites allowed evaluation of specific parameters, which are related to the sample structural order and possible optical transitions. Conductivity of the composites is increased due to ceramic particle addition in the polymer. Dielectric studies reveal that the prepared materials are suitable for electric energy storage applications.
Expected and Predicted Curves of Markov Stochastic Processes and a New Interpretation of Deterministic Models
Authors: Sokol Miloslawa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Two curves characterizing a set of realizations of Markov stochastic process were analysed: the expected curve and the predicted curve. Although the definition of the predicted curve is new, curves with the same formulas are known in science as so-called deterministic models. This can be seen in the examples of the most well-known models in biology: logistics, Lotka-Volterra and Hardy-Weinberg. Attention was paid to the efficiency of calculating these both curves and their interpretation as the central tendency characteristics of Markov stochastic processes.
Clinical Observation of Two Bone Cement Distribution Modes After Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Li Qiujiang , Long Xingxia , Wang Yinbin , Guan Tao , Fang Xiaomin , Guo Donggeng , Lv Jinhan , Hu Xuehua , Jiang Xiaocheng , Cai Lijun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:Current findings suggest that percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) is a suitable therapeutic approach for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).The present retrospective study aimed to investigate the differences in clinical efficacy and related complications between the two bone cement distribution modes. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients with single-segment OVCFs who underwent bilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty.Patients were divided into blocky and spongy group according to the type of postoperative bone cement distribution. Clinical efficacy and related complications was compared between the two bone cement distribution modes on 24h after the operation and last follow-up.RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 17.54 months. The VAS and ODI after operation improved significantly in both two groups. The VAS and ODI in the spongy group was significantly lower than that in the blocky group, 24h postoperatively, and at the last follow-up. There were 42 cases (12.8%) of adjacent vertebral fractures, 26 cases (19.8%) in the blocky group and 16 cases (8.1%) in the spongy group. There were 57 cases (17.3%) of bone cement leakage, 18 cases (13.7%) in blocky group and 39 cases (19.7%) in the spongy group. At 24 hour postoperatively and at the last follow-up, local kyphosis and anterior vertebral height were significantly corrected in both groups, but gradually decreased over time, and the degree of correction was significantly higher in the spongy group than in the block group. Loss of local kyphosis and loss of vertebral body height were also less severe in the spongy group at the last follow-up.Conclusions: Compared with blocky group, spongy group can better maintain the height of the vertebral body, correct local kyphosis, reduce the risk of the vertebral body recompression, long-term pain and restore functions.
Embedding mentoring to support trial processes and implementation fidelity in a randomised controlled trial of vocational rehabilitation for stroke survivors
Authors: Craven Kristelle , Holmes Jain , Powers Katie , Clarke Sara , Cripps Rachel L , Lindley Rebecca , Phillips Julie , Tyerman Ruth , McKevitt Christopher , Clarke David , Radford Kathryn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Little guidance exists regarding how best to upskill and support those delivering complex healthcare interventions to ensure robust trial outcomes and implementation fidelity. Mentoring was provided to occupational therapists (OTs) delivering a complex vocational rehabilitation (VR) intervention to stroke survivors. This study aimed to explore mentors’ roles in supporting OTs with intervention delivery and fidelity, and to describe factors affecting the mentoring process and intervention delivery.Methods: Quantitative data (duration, mode and total time of mentoring support) was extracted from mentoring records and emails between mentors and OTs, alongside qualitative data on barriers and facilitators to intervention delivery. Semi-structured interviews with mentors (n=6) and OTs (n=19) explored experiences and perceptions of intervention training, delivery and the mentoring process. Mean total and monthly time spent mentoring were calculated per trial site. Qualitative data were analysed thematically.Results: Forty-one OTs across 16 sites were mentored between March 2018 and April 2020. Most mentoring was provided by phone or Microsoft Teams (range: 88.6%-100%), with the remainder via email and SMS (Short Message Service) text messages. Mentors suggested strategies to enhance trial recruitment, improved OTs’ understanding of- and adherence to trial processes, intervention delivery and fidelity, and facilitated independent problem-solving. Barriers to mentoring included OT non-attendance at mentoring sessions and mentors struggling to balance mentoring with clinical roles. Facilitators included support from the trial team and mentors having protected time for mentoring. Conclusions: Mentoring supported mentee OTs in various ways, but it remains unclear to what extent the OTS would have been able to deliver the intervention without mentoring support, or how this might have impacted fidelity. Successful implementation of mentoring alongside new complex interventions may increase the likelihood of intervention effectiveness being observed and sustained in real-life contexts. Further research is needed to investigate how mentors could be selected, upskilled, funded and mentoring provided to maximise impact. The clinical- and cost-effectiveness of mentoring as an implementation strategy and its impact on fidelity also requires testing in a future trial.Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN12464275. Registered on 13th March 2018.
A novel BRCA1 duplication and new insights on the spectrum and frequency of germline large genomic rearrangements in BRCA1/BRCA2
Authors: Sahin Ibrahim , Saat Hanife 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Heritable breast cancers account for 5 to 10% of all breast cancers, and monogenic, highly penetrant genes cause them. Around 90% of pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are observed using gene sequencing, with another 10% identified through gene duplication/deletion analysis, which differs across various communities. In this study, we performed a next-generation sequencing panel and MLPA on 1484 patients to explain the importance of recurrent germline duplications/deletions of BRCA1-2 and their clinical results and determine how often BRCA gene LGRs were seen in people suspected of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. The large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) frequency was approximately 1% (14/1484). All the 14 mutations were heterozygous and detected in patients with breast cancer. BRCA1 mutations were more predominant (n = 8, 57.1%) than BRCA2 mutations (6, 42.9%). The most common recurrent mutations were BRCA2 exon three and BRCA1 exon 24 (23) deletions. To the best of our knowledge, BRCA1 5'UTR-exon11 duplication has never been reported before. Testing with MLPA is essential to identify patients at high risk. Our data demonstrate that BRCA1-2 LGRs should be considered when ordering genetic testing for individuals with a personal or family history of cancer, particularly breast cancer. Further research could shed light on BRCA1-2 LGRs' unique carcinogenesis roles.
Clinical Efficacy of the Orthopdische Chirurgie München Approach With Bone Grafting for Pre-Collapse Non-Traumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liang Dawei , Pei Jia , Zhang Leilei , Ling Haonan , Liu Youwen , Chen Xiantao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of autologous bone mixed with tricalcium phosphate porous bioceramic bone grafting via Orthopdische Chirurgie München approach (OCM approach) with fenestration of the femoral head-neck in patients with pre-collapse non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).MethodsThe clinical data of 47 patients (47 hips) with ONFH were retrospectively reviewed. The Harris hip score (HHS) was used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Imaging was assessed by X-ray. Clinical failure was defined as postoperative total hip arthroplasty (THA) or the HHS was poor (<70). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to conduct a univariate analysis of risk factors. The analysis factors included gender, age, International Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage, etiology, body mass index (BMI), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). The COX multivariate risk model was used to analyze the risk factors.ResultsAll the 47 hips were followed up for 24-58 months, with an average of 45 months. The Harris score (76.29 ± 10.38) at the last follow-up was significantly higher than the preoperative HHS (64.45 ± 2.93) (P<0.05). The postoperative HHS was excellent with a success rate of 36.17%. Postoperative imaging evaluation showed that 9 hips improved, 28 hips stabilized, and 10 hips progressed. Moreover, 17 out of 47 hips were defined as a postoperative clinical failure and the success rate was 63.83%. 25(OH)D and preoperative ARCO stage were risk factors for postoperative clinical failure (P<0.05). The COX multivariate risk model analysis showed that ⅢA stage was an independent risk factor for postoperative clinical failure (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe head and neck fenestration and bone grafting via the OCM approach in the treatment of non-traumatic ONFH in the pre-collapse stage can achieve good clinical outcomes. 25(OH)D deficient patients and ARCO IIIA patients had a higher failure rate of bone graft using this approach.
Improvement of Summer Precipitation Simulation by Correcting Biases of Spring Soil Moisture in the Seasonal Frozen-Thawing Zone over the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Li Kechen , Zhang Feimin , Yang Kai , Shen Jiali , Wang Chenghai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soil moisture (SM) plays an important role in the climate system, and the effects of SM anomalies on climate can persist from month to season. The seasonal frozen-thawing zone (SFTZ) is accompanied by apparently inter-annual SM variability, and it is a key region of land–atmosphere interactions in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). In this study, by assimilating spring SM in the SFTZ through indirect soil nudging (ISN) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the impacts of correcting spring SM biases in the SFTZ on the subsequent summer precipitation simulations in the NH were investigated. The results indicated that correcting spring SM biases in the SFTZ significantly improves the subsequent summer precipitation simulations in the NH. Correcting spring SM biases in the SFTZ significantly adjusts energy and moisture evolution on the land surface from spring to summer. Specifically, the correction of SM biases by assimilating SM in SFTZ in the spring can clearly reduce the biases of sensible heat flux (SH) and latent heat flux (LH) in the summer. This affects land–atmosphere interactions over NH, leading to correcting the negative biases of the geopotential height in the middle troposphere in June and July, as well as larger biases of water vapor transport and its divergence during the summer. Overall, it is evident that spring SM in the SFTZ can serve as an effective signal for predicting summer precipitation in the NH.
Complete mtgenome sequences of Anopheles peditaeniatus and An. nitidus and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Anopheles based on mtgenome sequences (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae)
Authors: Guo Jing , Yan Zhen-Tian , Fu Wen-Bo , Yuan Huan , Li Xu-Dong , Chen Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the medical importance of the genus Anopheles in the transmission of malaria and other human diseases, its phylogenetic relationships are not unsettled and the characteristics of mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) are not well understood.Methods: The present study sequenced and analyzed the complete mtgenomes of An. peditaeniatus and An. nitidus, and investigated the characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of 76 complete mtgenome sequences in the genus Anopheles using Illumina sequencing and bioinformatics techniques.Results: The complete mtgenomes of An. peditaeniatus and An. nitidus are 15416 and 15418 bp long, respectively, and include 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, two tRNAs and one control region (CR). These 76 mtgenomes are similar as earlier reports in insects in general characteristics, and however the trnR and trnA have a reversal arrangement to form “trnR-trnA” as reported in other mosquito genera. Their variations mainly occur in CR with a length of 493 - 886 bp, and six repeat unit types are identified for the first time and demonstrate some evolutionary signals. The subgenera Lophopodomyia, Stethomyia, Kerteszia, Nyssorhynchus, Anopheles and Cellia, are proposed to be monophyletic with the phylogenetic relationships of (Lophopodomyia + ((Stethomyia + Kerteszia) + (Nyssorhynchus + (Anopheles + Cellia)))). Four series Neomyzomyia, Pyretophorous, Neocellia and Myzomyia in Cellia, and two series Arribalzagia and Myzorhynchus in Anopheles are proposed to be monophyletic, and three sections Myzorhynchella, Argyritarsis and Albimanus and their subdivisions in Nyssorhynchus all appear polyphyletic or paraphyletic. Conclusions: The study comprehensively uncovered the characteristics of mtgenome and the phylogenetics based on mtgenomes in the genus Anopheles, and provided an information frame for further study on the mtgenomes, phylogenetics and taxonomic revision of the genus.
Si-Miao-Yong-An Decoction maintains the cardiac function and protects cardiomyocytes from myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury
Authors: cui wenwen , Shen Xin , Zhu Lingjuan , Wang Mingye , Hao Yuanyuan , Zhao Yuqian , Li Yang , Hou Yunlong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective ：The aim of this study was to determine whether Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD) could protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of myocardial infarction by I/R injury and treated by SMYAD for 4 weeks. Then the cardiac functions of mice were evaluated by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR). Histopathological analysis for the heart remodeling was detected by H&E and Masson staining. The protein expression of Collagen I, MMP9 , and TNFα was detected by Western blot in the heart tissues. H9C2 cells were used to establish the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model and SMYAD intervention. MTT assays detected the cell viability of myocardial cells. The expression level of IL-1β was evaluated by ELISA. The expression levels of LC3B-II/LC3B‑I, p- mTOR, mTOR, NLRP3, pro-Caspase1, and cleaved-Caspase1 in H9C2 cells were evaluated by Western blot. Results : SMYAD improved cardiac functions such as ventricular volume and ejection fraction of the rats with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Morphological assay indicated that SMYAD reduced the scar size and inhibited fibrosis formation. It was found that SMYAD could regulate Collagen I, MMP9, and TNFα protein expression levels in the heart tissues. SMYAD improved the survival rate of cardiomyocytes H92C in the H/R injury model. SMYAD elevated the rate of LC3B-II/LC3B‑I protein expression, decreased the rate of p-mTOR/mTOR protein expression, and reduced expressions of Caspase 1, NLRP3, and IL-1β in H/R cardiomyocytes. Conclusion： SMYAD exerted protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury in myocardial cells by activating autophagy and inhibiting pyroptosis. This might be the reason why SMYAD protected myocardial tissue and improved cardiac function in mice with ischemia/reperfusion.
The Role of Residual Contaminants and Recycling Steps on Rheological Properties of Recycled Polypropylene
Authors: Paiva Robert da Silva , Veroneze Isabelly Bertochi , Wrona Magdalena , Nerín Cristina , Cruz Sandra Andrea 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recycling of polymers is one of the alternatives to reduce the impact of polymers presence on the environmental. However, the contaminants, defined as non-intentionally added substances, present in recycled material may migrate into food and also change its molecular structure. This work addresses the extractability/migration of contaminants from polypropylene (PP) samples into food simulants and the influence of these contaminants on the molecular structure of recycled PP. For this PP was contaminated with several substances to simulate a “worst-case” scenario and, then it was submitted to a recycling process. Extractability tests were performed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy both to evaluate the presence of contaminants in the PP samples and their ability to migrate in food simulants. Additionally, molecular changes of the PP samples were evaluated by oscillatory rheometry. After washing and extrusion of the PP samples the extractability results showed considerable reductions of migrations in the food simulants and indicated, in some cases, compliance with regulations for using recycled polymer in contact with food. The residual contaminants were present in the polymer, the high temperatures and shear rates play an important role in molecular changes. Finally, the results highlight the importance of the use of rheological measurements to detect the influence of contaminants in recycled materials. Their presence result in material with different molar mass, that may be applied in different market applications.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Transcriptome and Metatranscriptome Meta-Analysis (IBD TaMMA) framework
Authors: Massimino Luca , Lamparelli Luigi , Houshyar Yashar , D’Alessio Silvia , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Vetrano Stefania , Danese Silvio , Ungaro Federica 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a class of chronic inflammatory gut disorders whose aetiogenesis is still unknown. Despite the high number of omics studies, the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data produced for a better IBD pathogenesis understanding cannot be compared because of the experimental variability and different data analysis approaches. To overcome this hurdle, we here introduce the open-source IBD Transcriptome and Metatranscriptome Meta-Analysis (TaMMA) framework, a comprehensive survey of publicly available IBD RNA-Seq datasets. IBD TaMMA will expedite the profiling of the IBD-associated transcriptome and metatranscriptome, holding out the strong promise of being of high impact for the IBD community.
Design and Performance Enhancement of Gate-on-Source PNPN Doping–Less Vertical Nanowire TFET
Authors: Lal Kritika , Verma Anushka , Kumar Pradeep , Kumar Naveen , Amin S. Intekhab , ANAND SUNNY 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper outlines the study of a Doping-Less Vertical Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (DLVNWTFET) with a p-i-n structure, aiming to enhance the performance of this device. The proposed device, which is a p-n-p-n configured DLVNWTFET, switches with a steeper sub-threshold slope while keeping the Off-state current (IOFF) and threshold-voltage (VTH) low and also improves the On-state current (ION) of the device; which is one of the crucial problems in TFETs. The nanowire TFET structure is vertically grown on an intrinsic silicon wafer. This vertical structure eases the fabrication process and also helps in the implementation of Charge-Plasma (CP) Technique. It is a process by which electrodes of specific work functions are used to induce charges in the Source (P) and Drain (N) regions. To realize the p-n-p-n configured structure, pocketing technique is used where the N+ heavily doped pocket is introduced between the Source and the Channel through CP concept. Upon calculation and comparison of various analog and device parameters, the proposed p-n-p-n structure shows better performance in contrast to the p-i-n DLVNWTFET. Analysis of the performance of the two configurations has been done, comparing various parameters like transconductance (Gm), output conductance (GD), transfer characteristics (ID–VGS), output characteristics (ID–VDS), cut-off frequency (fT), total gate capacitance (CGG) and intrinsic gain.