bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Far Forward Behavioral Health Service Delivery in Future Combat Environments: A Qualitative Needs Assessment
Authors: Wilk Joshua E , Clarke-Walper Kristina M , Nugent Katie L , Curley Justin M , Crouch Coleen 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It is expected that future multi-domain operational (MDO) combat environments will be characterized by limited capabilities for immediate combat stress control support services for soldiers or immediate evacuation from theater. The operational requirements of the future battlefield make it unlikely that current models for behavioral health (BH) treatment could be implemented without significant adjustments. We conducted a qualitative study with Special Forces medics and operators and soldiers who had deployed to austere conditions in small groups in an effort to inform construction of a BH service delivery model for an MDO environment. The objectives of this study were (1) characterizing stressors and BH issues that were encountered and (2) describing mitigation strategies and resources that were useful or needed in these types of deployments.

Materials and Methods
Six focus groups were conducted at three army installations with 23 active duty soldiers, including three groups of medics using a semi-structured interview guide focused on stressors they encountered during deployments to austere conditions, and the impact of those stressors on mission and focus. Focus group recordings were transcribed, imported into NVivo software (version 12), and independently coded by two researchers. An analysis was then conducted to develop themes across participants. The study was reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Human Subjects Protection Board.

Results
Behavioral health concerns were commonly cited as a stressor in far forward environments. Other common stressors included ineffective or inexperienced leaders, as well as poor team dynamics (e.g., communication and cohesion). Four primary strategies were mentioned as mitigations for deployment stressors: leadership, morale, resilience training, and strength of the team. When asked about resources or training that would have helped with these types of deployments, participants frequently mentioned the availability of BH providers and development of new and realistic BH skills trainings for non-providers and leaders.

Conclusions
Current models for treating BH problems need to be adapted for the future MDO environments in which soldiers will be expected to deploy. Understanding what issues need to be addressed in these environments and how they can best be delivered is an important first step. This study is the first to use qualitative results from those who have already deployed to such environments to describe the stressors and BH issues that were most commonly encountered, the mitigation strategies used, and the resources that were useful or needed.
Heavy elements in barium stars
Authors: Roriz M P , Lugaro M , Pereira C B , Sneden C , Junqueira S , Karakas A I , Drake N A 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
New elemental abundances for the neutron-capture elements Sr, Nb, Mo, Ru, La, Sm, and Eu are presented for a large sample of 180 barium (Ba) giant stars, a class of chemically peculiar objects that exhibit in their spectra enhancements of the elements created by the s-process, as a consequence of mass transfer between the components of a binary system. The content of heavy elements in these stars, in fact, points to nucleosynthesis mechanisms that took place within a former asymptotic giant branch (AGB) companion, now an invisible white dwarf. From high-resolution ($R=48\, 000$) spectra in the optical, we derived the abundances either by equivalent width measurements or synthetic spectra computations, and compared them with available data for field giant and dwarf stars in the same range of metallicity. A re-determination of La abundances resulted in [La/Fe] ratios up to 1.2 dex lower than values previously reported in literature. The programme Ba stars show overabundance of neutron-capture elements, except for Eu, for which the observational data set behave similarly to field stars. Comparison to model predictions are satisfactory for second-to-first s-process peak ratios (e.g. [La/Sr]) and the ratios of the predominantly r-process element Eu to La. However, the observed [Nb, Mo, Ru/Sr] and [Ce, Nd, Sm/La] ratios show median values higher or at the upper limits of the ranges of the model predictions. This unexplained feature calls for new neutron capture models to be investigated.
Classifier Using Pontine Radial Diffusivity and Symptom Duration Accurately Predicts Recurrence of Trigeminal Neuralgia After Microvascular Decompression: A Pilot Study and Algorithm Description
Authors: Willsey Matthew S , Mossner James M , Chestek Cynthia A , Sagher Oren , Patil Parag G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Preprocedure diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may predict the response of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients to Gamma Knife (Elekta AB) and microvascular decompression (MVD).

OBJECTIVE
To test this hypothesis using pontine-segment diffusion tensor MRI radial diffusivity (RD), a known biomarker for demyelination, to predict TN recurrence following MVD.

METHODS
RD from the pontine segment of the trigeminal tract was extracted in a semiautomated and blinded fashion and normalized to background pontine RD. Following validation against published results, the relationship of normalized RD to symptom duration (DS) was measured. Both parameters were then introduced into machine-learning classifiers to group patient outcomes as TN remission or recurrence. Performance was evaluated in an observational study with leave-one-out cross-validation to calculate accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curves.

RESULTS
The study population included 22 patients with TN type 1 (TN1). There was a negative correlation of normalized RD and preoperative symptom duration (P = .035, R2 = .20). When pontine-segment RD and DS were included as input variables, 2 classifiers predicted pain-free remission versus eventual recurrence with 85% accuracy, 83% sensitivity, and 86% specificity (leave-one-out cross-validation; P = .029) in a cohort of 13 patients undergoing MVD.

CONCLUSION
Pontine-segment RD and DS accurately predict MVD outcomes in TN1 and provide further evidence that diffusion tensor MRI contains prognostic information. Use of a classifier may allow more accurate risk stratification for neurosurgeons and patients considering MVD as a treatment for TN1. These findings provide further insight into the relationship of pontine microstructure, represented by RD, and the pathophysiology of TN.
Reduced Mortality With Ondansetron Use in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Inpatients
Authors: Bayat Vafa , Ryono Russell , Phelps Steven , Geis Eugene , Sedghi Farshid , Etminani Payam , Holodniy Mark 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a surge in clinical trials evaluating investigational and approved drugs. Retrospective analysis of drugs taken by COVID-19 inpatients provides key information on drugs associated with better or worse outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 10 741 patients testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection within 3 days of admission to compare risk of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients receiving ondansetron using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. All-cause mortality, length of hospital stay, adverse events such as ischemic cerebral infarction, and subsequent positive COVID-19 tests were measured.

Results
Administration of ≥8 mg of ondansetron within 48 hours of admission was correlated with an adjusted hazard ratio for 30-day all-cause mortality of 0.55 (95% CI, 0.42–0.70; P &lt; .001) and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.31–0.87; P = .012) for all and intensive care unit–admitted patients, respectively. Decreased lengths of stay (9.2 vs 11.6; P &lt; .001), frequencies of subsequent positive SARS-CoV-2 tests (53.6% vs 75.0%; P = .01), and long-term risks of ischemic cerebral ischemia (3.2% vs 6.1%; P &lt; .001) were also noted.

Conclusions
If confirmed by prospective clinical trials, our results suggest that ondansetron, a safe, widely available drug, could be used to decrease morbidity and mortality in at-risk populations.
Critical Review of the Scientific Evidence and Recommendations in COVID-19 Management Guidelines
Authors: Xie Jiaxing , Wang Zhufeng , Liang Jingyi , Lin Huimin , Yang Zhaowei , Wang Yingzhi , Liang Hanwen , Wu Hongkai , Chen Ruchong , Ou Younger , Wang Fengyan , Wang Yuan , Wang Yan , Luo Weizhan , Zhang Jianheng , Li Naijian , Li Zhengtu , Jiang Mei , Li Shiyue , Li Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the quality and potential impacts of the guidelines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) management.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, guideline databases, and specialty society websites to evaluate the quality of the retrieved guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II.ResultsA total of 66 guidelines were identified. Only 24% were categorized as “recommended” for clinical practice. The 211 identified recommendations for COVID-19 management were classified into 4 topics: respiratory support (27), acute respiratory distress syndrome management (31), antiviral or immunomodulatory therapy (95), or other medicines (58). Only 63% and 56% of recommendations were supported by, respectively, assessment of the strength of the recommendations or level of evidence. There were notable discrepancies between the different guidelines regarding the recommendations on COVID-19 management.ConclusionsThe quality of the guidelines for COVID-19 management is heterogeneous, and the recommendations are rarely supported by evidence.
Radicalizing moral conservatism in herd immunity during COVID-19
Authors: Kahambing Jan Gresil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The concept of herd immunity during the coronavirus disease 2019 is constantly changing. The World Health Organization’s current focus is on vaccination. With ties to the bioethics of autonomy and exemptions to mandatory vaccinations, the problem is that moral conservatism tends not to cooperate in the rollouts. Radical means can be applied not just to the concept but also its application, emphasizing the need to depart from conservative hindrances to public health.
How to avoid fake COVID-19 vaccine passports as a travel requirement?
Authors: Rocha Ian Christopher N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Philippines has recently eased its local travel restrictions among fully vaccinated individuals. Filipinos who wish to travel locally will only need to present their vaccination cards as their passports for interzonal and intrazonal movement within the country. However, a few days after the release of the new resolution pertaining to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination card as a travel requirement, the Department of Health suggested to review the latest policy since many local government units expressed their disapproval in the new protocol. One of the issues raised is the authenticity of COVID-19 vaccination cards. These cards vary per local government and most of them do not have machine-readable codes nor security features. Thus, they can be easily falsified and counterfeited. In addition, the local governments do not have access to the national database of the COVID-19 vaccination status of every individual, which can be extremely challenging for them. In this correspondence, recommendations were provided to avoid fake COVID-19 vaccination cards as passports for travel purposes.
Toolbox Recommendations for Social Workers to Promote Successful Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Nouman Hani , Cnaan Ram A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Social entrepreneurship in social work is presented in the literature as an important practice considering its ability to provide long-term, innovative, and creative interventions for social problems. However, many doubt the ability of social workers to act as social entrepreneurs. This study examined action strategies adopted by social workers who established innovative services to address social problems. Data were collected from qualitative in-depth interviews conducted with 23 successful social work entrepreneurs. Research findings revealed seven action strategies that have the potential to promote successful social entrepreneurship in social work: (1) coalition building, (2) legislative advocacy, (3) media use, (4) legislative tools, (5) active use of social network: “street smarts,” (6) development of a resource infrastructure, and (7) cultural norms and traditions. The study provides insight into the various ways to succeed in social work entrepreneurship; to identify opportunities in education and practice for entrepreneurship in social work; and to serve as an effective, innovative guide to address the complex social problems facing social workers.
Broadening the range of use cases for ivermectin – a review of the evidence
Authors: Kositz Christian , Bradley John , Hutchins Harry , Last Anna , D'Alessandro Umberto , Marks Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent that interferes with glutamate-gated chloride channels found in invertebrates but not in vertebrate species. Mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin-based regimes has been a mainstay of elimination efforts targeting onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis for more than 3 decades. More recently, interest in the use of ivermectin to control other neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) such as soil-transmitted helminths and scabies has grown. Interest has been further stimulated by the fact that ivermectin displays endectocidal efficacy against various Anopheles species capable of transmitting malaria. Therefore there is growing interest in using ivermectin MDA as a tool that might aid in the control of both malaria and several NTDs. In this review we outline the evidence base to date on these emerging indications for ivermectin MDA with reference to clinical and public health data and discuss the rationale for evaluating the range of impacts of a malaria ivermectin MDA on other NTDs.
Predictive Risk Models for Wound Infection-Related Hospitalization or ED Visits in Home Health Care Using Machine-Learning Algorithms
Authors: Song Jiyoun , Woo Kyungmi , Shang Jingjing , Ojo Marietta , Topaz Maxim 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Wound infection is prevalent in home healthcare (HHC) and often leads to hospitalizations. However, none of the previous studies of wounds in HHC have used data from clinical notes. Therefore, the authors created a more accurate description of a patient’s condition by extracting risk factors from clinical notes to build predictive models to identify a patient’s risk of wound infection in HHC.

METHODS
The structured data (eg, standardized assessments) and unstructured information (eg, narrative-free text charting) were retrospectively reviewed for HHC patients with wounds who were served by a large HHC agency in 2014. Wound infection risk factors were identified through bivariate analysis and stepwise variable selection. Risk predictive performance of three machine learning models (logistic regression, random forest, and artificial neural network) was compared.

RESULTS
A total of 754 of 54,316 patients (1.39%) had a hospitalization or ED visit related to wound infection. In the bivariate logistic regression, language describing wound type in the patient’s clinical notes was strongly associated with risk (odds ratio, 9.94; P < .05). The areas under the curve were 0.82 in logistic regression, 0.75 in random forest, and 0.78 in artificial neural network. Risk prediction performance of the models improved (by up to 13.2%) after adding risk factors extracted from clinical notes.

CONCLUSIONS
Logistic regression showed the best risk prediction performance in prediction of wound infection-related hospitalization or ED visits in HHC. The use of data extracted from clinical notes can improve the performance of risk prediction models.
The Influence of Sensation Level on Speech-Evoked Envelope Following Responses
Authors: Easwar Vijayalakshmi , Birstler Jen , Harrison Adrienne , Scollie Susan , Purcell David 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
To evaluate sensation level (SL)–dependent characteristics of envelope following responses (EFRs) elicited by band-limited speech dominant in low, mid, and high frequencies.

Design:
In 21 young normal hearing adults, EFRs were elicited by 8 male-spoken speech stimuli—the first formant, and second and higher formants of /u/, /a/ and /i/, and modulated fricatives, /∫/ and /s/. Stimulus SL was computed from behaviorally measured thresholds.

Results:
At 30 dB SL, the amplitude and phase coherence of fricative-elicited EFRs were ~1.5 to 2 times higher than all vowel-elicited EFRs, whereas fewer and smaller differences were found among vowel-elicited EFRs. For all stimuli, EFR amplitude and phase coherence increased by roughly 50% for every 10 dB increase in SL between ~0 and 50 dB.

Conclusions:
Stimulus and frequency dependency in EFRs exist despite accounting for differences in audibility of speech sounds. The growth rate of EFR characteristics with SL is independent of stimulus and its frequency.
Text Captioning Buffers Against the Effects of Background Noise and Hearing Loss on Memory for Speech
Authors: Payne Brennan R. , Silcox Jack W , Crandell Hannah A. , Lash Amanda , Ferguson Sarah Hargus , Lohani Monika 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Everyday speech understanding frequently occurs in perceptually demanding environments, for example, due to background noise and normal age-related hearing loss. The resulting degraded speech signals increase listening effort, which gives rise to negative downstream effects on subsequent memory and comprehension, even when speech is intelligible. In two experiments, we explored whether the presentation of realistic assistive text captioned speech offsets the negative effects of background noise and hearing impairment on multiple measures of speech memory.

Design:
In Experiment 1, young normal-hearing adults (N = 48) listened to sentences for immediate recall and delayed recognition memory. Speech was presented in quiet or in two levels of background noise. Sentences were either presented as speech only or as text captioned speech. Thus, the experiment followed a 2 (caption vs no caption) × 3 (no noise, +7 dB signal-to-noise ratio, +3 dB signal-to-noise ratio) within-subjects design. In Experiment 2, a group of older adults (age range: 61 to 80, N = 31), with varying levels of hearing acuity completed the same experimental task as in Experiment 1. For both experiments, immediate recall, recognition memory accuracy, and recognition memory confidence were analyzed via general(ized) linear mixed-effects models. In addition, we examined individual differences as a function of hearing acuity in Experiment 2.

Results:
In Experiment 1, we found that the presentation of realistic text-captioned speech in young normal-hearing listeners showed improved immediate recall and delayed recognition memory accuracy and confidence compared with speech alone. Moreover, text captions attenuated the negative effects of background noise on all speech memory outcomes. In Experiment 2, we replicated the same pattern of results in a sample of older adults with varying levels of hearing acuity. Moreover, we showed that the negative effects of hearing loss on speech memory in older adulthood were attenuated by the presentation of text captions.

Conclusions:
Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that the simultaneous presentation of text can offset the negative effects of effortful listening on speech memory. Critically, captioning benefits extended from immediate word recall to long-term sentence recognition memory, a benefit that was observed not only for older adults with hearing loss but also young normal-hearing listeners. These findings suggest that the text captioning benefit to memory is robust and has potentially wide applications for supporting speech listening in acoustically challenging environments.
The role of immunomodulatory medications in the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Sattui Sebastian E. , Crow Mary K. , Navarro-Millán Iris 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Given the role of inflammation in severe forms of COVID-19, glucocorticoids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been assessed as potential COVID-19 therapies.

Recent findings
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that glucocorticoids reduce mortality in severe COVID-19. RCTs of DMARDs have shown mixed results varying on intervention and inclusion criteria. DMARDs, including colchicine or biologic agents, may improve COVID-19 outcomes in specific patient populations.

Summary
Glucocorticoids are an effective treatment for the management of severe COVID-19. Further studies are needed to better define the patient populations who could benefit from DMARD use, as well as provide guidance regarding the timing of these interventions.
Update in familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Ozen Seza 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the prototypic autoinflammatory disease. Although the gene associated with the disease was identified 24 years ago, we still have to learn about the pathogenesis of its inflammation and the variation in the phenotype. In this review, we discuss some recent findings in FMF, such as changes in our understanding of the genetics, aims to define new criteria, and factors contributing to the disease presentation.

Recent findings
We finally have learned why a mutation causing this disease was selected in ancient times; MEFV gene mutations confer resistance to the microbe of plague. A group of experts have outlined recommendations for the analysis of the genetics of FMF. These recommendations complement the new classification criteria, which includes genetic results. In the past year, a number of studies have addressed the contributing factors to the inflammation caused by the mutations in pyrin; this has included epigenetic studies as well. Finally, we have long-term data for the use of anti-IL1 treatment in colchicine-resistant patients.

Summary
We now have recommendations for assessing genetic analysis of the MEFV gene and how to reliably classify a patient as FMF. We await further data to understand the contributing genetic and environmental factors that affect the inflammation and final phenotype in FMF and the extent of the disease presentation.