bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating radiation risks and resource opportunities associated with phosphogypsum in the Philippines
Authors: Diwa Reymar R. , Tabora Estrellita U. , Palattao Botvinnik L. , Haneklaus Nils H. , Vargas Edmundo P. , Reyes Rolando Y. , Ramirez Jennyvi D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhosphogypsum (PG) accumulates during wet-phosphoric acid production for fertilizers. In the Philippines, PG is partly (40%) utilized to produce gypsum walls and cement. This work assesses the radiological risks and resource opportunities associated with PG stacks in the Philippines. The conducted in situ radiometric survey measured the activity concentrations of 40K, 238U, and 232Th at 270 locations. Besides, another 120 surface samples were collected. Pure PG exceeds the recommended radiation limits, but simple dilution with conventional materials can make PG available as an inexpensive secondary raw material for construction. PG further contains relevant concentrations of rare earths and Y (195 ppm).
The application of Industry 4.0 technologies in sustainable logistics: a systematic literature review (2012–2020) to explore future research opportunities
Authors: Sun Xu , Yu Hao , Solvang Wei Deng , Wang Yi , Wang Kesheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNowadays, the market competition becomes increasingly fierce due to diversified customer needs, stringent environmental requirements, and global competitors. One of the most important factors for companies to not only survive but also thrive in today’s competitive market is their logistics performance. This paper aims, through a systematic literature analysis of 115 papers from 2012 to 2020, at presenting quantitative insights and comprehensive overviews of the current and future research landscapes of sustainable logistics in the Industry 4.0 era. The results show that Industry 4.0 technologies provide opportunities for improving the economic efficiency, environmental performance, and social impact of logistics sectors. However, several challenges arise with this technological transformation, i.e., trade-offs among different sustainability indicators, unclear benefits, lifecycle environmental impact, inequity issues, and technology maturity. Thus, to better tackle the current research gaps, future suggestions are given to focus on the balance among different sustainability indicators through the entire lifecycle, human-centric technological transformation, system integration and digital twin, semi-autonomous transportation solutions, smart reverse logistics, and so forth.
Towards low-energy-light-driven bistable photoswitches: ortho-fluoroaminoazobenzenes
Authors: Kuntze Kim , Viljakka Jani , Titov Evgenii , Ahmed Zafar , Kalenius Elina , Saalfrank Peter , Priimagi Arri 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThermally stable photoswitches that are driven with low-energy light are rare, yet crucial for extending the applicability of photoresponsive molecules and materials towards, e.g., living systems. Combined ortho-fluorination and -amination couples high visible light absorptivity of o-aminoazobenzenes with the extraordinary bistability of o-fluoroazobenzenes. Herein, we report a library of easily accessible o-aminofluoroazobenzenes and establish structure–property relationships regarding spectral qualities, visible light isomerization efficiency and thermal stability of the cis-isomer with respect to the degree of o-substitution and choice of amino substituent. We rationalize the experimental results with quantum chemical calculations, revealing the nature of low-lying excited states and providing insight into thermal isomerization. The synthesized azobenzenes absorb at up to 600 nm and their thermal cis-lifetimes range from milliseconds to months. The most unique example can be driven from trans to cis with any wavelength from UV up to 595 nm, while still exhibiting a thermal cis-lifetime of 81 days.
Graphical abstract
A Note on Function Space and Boundedness of the General Fractional Integral in Continuous Time Random Walk
Authors: Fan Qin , Wu Guo-Cheng , Fu Hui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe general fractional calculus becomes popular in continuous time random walk recently. However, the boundedness condition of the general fractional integral is one of the fundamental problems. It wasn’t given yet. In this short communication, the classical norm space is used, and a general boundedness theorem is presented. Finally, various long–tailed waiting time probability density functions are suggested in continuous time random walk since the general fractional integral is well defined.
Persistent Genital Arousal in Relationships: A Comparison of Relationship, Sexual, and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Mooney Kayla M. , Poirier Évéline , Pukall Caroline F. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPersistent Genital Arousal Disorder/Genitopelvic Dysesthesia (PGAD/GPD) is characterized by sensations of physiological genital sexual arousal (and/or other types of genitopelvic dysesthesia) that occur in the absence of subjective feelings of sexual desire.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare relationship, sexual, and psychological well-being in partnered individuals with and without distressing symptoms of PGAD/GPD.MethodsThe sample (N = 65 individuals with vulvas and vaginas, N = 11 individuals with penises) of 152 partnered individuals (N = 76 with and 76 without PGAD/GPD symptoms) participated in a one-time anonymous online survey.OutcomesThe questionnaires assessed relationship satisfaction (Couple Satisfaction Index-Short Form, CSI); sexual satisfaction (Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction, GMSEX); sexual functioning (Female Sexual Functioning Index, FSFI, or International Index of Erectile Functioning, IIEF); sexual distress (Sexual Distress Scale, SDS); and psychological well-being, as determined by the presence of depression and/or anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS).ResultsAmong individuals with vulvas and vaginas, those with PGAD/GPD symptoms reported significantly lower relationship and sexual satisfaction, greater sexual distress, and more symptoms of depression and anxiety than their counterparts in the control group. In addition, these individuals with PGAD/GPD symptoms also reported significantly worse sexual functioning (arousal, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain), and they were significantly more distressed about each aspect of their sexual functioning difficulties compared to those in the control group. Among the small sample of individuals with penises (N = 11), descriptive analyses revealed that total sexual functioning scores did not differ across the PGAD/GPD symptom and control groups. In addition, 64.5% of the total sample with PGAD/GPD symptoms managed unwanted genital arousal by avoiding sex with their partner, while 55.3% managed their symptoms by having sex with their partner, and some individuals with PGAD/GPD used both strategies.Clinical ImplicationsThe finding that PGAD/GPD symptoms impact relationships indicates that treatment for PGAD/GPD should include consideration of the well-being of one’s intimate relationship(s).Strengths & LimitationsThis study added to the small literature on experiences of PGAD/GPD in relationships, and it was the first to assess sexual satisfaction. Limitations include the small sample of individuals with penises, and the cross-sectional, correlational design, which does not allow for causal conclusions to be drawn.ConclusionResults emphasize the importance of continued research of this population (and their partners) in order to improve diagnosis, intervention, and recognition within the medical community.
The 2020s political economy of machine translation
Authors: Weber Steven , Mehandru Nikita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article specifies and explores the hypothesis that the diversity of human languages, right now a barrier to “interoperability” in communication and trade, will become significantly less of a barrier as machine translation technologies are deployed over the next several years. We argue that machine translation will become the 2020's analogy for ideas, to what container shipping did for goods trade in the second half of the twentieth century. But as with container shipping or railroads in the nineteenth century, this new boundary-cost and transaction-cost reducing technology does not reduce all boundary and transaction costs equally, and so creates new challenges for the distribution of ideas and thus for innovation and economic growth. How we develop, license, commercialize, and deploy machine translation will be a critical determinant of its impact on trade, political coalitions, diversity of thought and culture, and the distribution of wealth.
Harmonic-enhanced high-gain harmonic generation for a high repetition rate free-electron laser
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Qin Weilun , Huang Senlin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
High-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) is effective to produce fully coherent free-electron laser (FEL) pulses for various scientific applications. Due to the limitation of seed lasers, HGHG typically operates at a low repetition rate. In this paper, a harmonic-enhanced HGHG scheme is proposed to relax the peak power requirement for the seed laser, which can therefore operate at megahertz and a higher repetition rate. Moreover, the setup of the scheme is compact and can be adopted in an existing single-stage HGHG facility to extend the shortest achievable wavelength. Simulations show that FEL emission at 13.5 nm (20th harmonic) can be obtained with a 270 nm, 1 MW (peak power) seed laser.
A calibration and imaging strategy at 300 MHz with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA)
Authors: Cook Jaiden H. , Seymour Nicholas , Sokolowski Marcin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAt relatively high frequencies, highly sensitive grating sidelobes occur in the primary beam patterns of low frequency aperture arrays (LFAA) such as the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). This occurs when the observing wavelength becomes comparable to the dipole separation for LFAA tiles, which for the MWA occurs at${\sim}300$MHz. The presence of these grating sidelobes has made calibration and image processing for 300 MHz MWA observations difficult. This work presents a new calibration and imaging strategy which employs existing techniques to process two example 300 MHz MWA observations. Observations are initially calibrated using a new 300 MHz sky-model which has been interpolated from low frequency and high frequency all-sky surveys. Using this 300 MHz model in conjunction with the accurate MWA tile primary beam model, we perform sky-model calibration for the two example observations. After initial calibration a self-calibration loop is performed by all-sky imaging each observation. We mask the main lobe of the all-sky image, and perform a sky-subtraction by estimating the masked image visibilities. We then image the main lobe of the sky-subtracted visibilities, which results in high dynamic range images of the two example observations. These images have been convolved with a Gaussian to a resolution of$2.4$arcminutes, with a maximum sensitivity of${{\sim}}31\,\textrm{mJy/beam}$. The calibration and imaging strategy demonstrated in this work opens the door to performing science at 300 MHz with the MWA, which was previously an inaccessible domain. With this paper we release the code described below and the cross-matched catalogue along with the code to produce a sky-model in the range 70–1 400 MHz.
Advance care planning among African Americans: A review and synthesis of theory application
Authors: Kimpel Christine Cleary , Walden Rachel Lane , Maxwell Cathy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTheoretical and conceptual frameworks are often underutilized in research, which may diminish understanding of the phenomena and contribute to the under-development of interventions. The topic of low/disparate rates of Advance Care Planning (ACP) among African Americans has been researched extensively; however, the use of theoretical and/or conceptual frameworks has not been reported. The purpose of this review is to describe theoretical and/or conceptual frameworks utilized in studies that investigated factors affecting perceptions of ACP or ACP rates among African Americans.MethodsUtilizing a narrative, literature review process, themes were generated, applied, and described with frequencies across broad categories of study characteristics, framework categories and key constructs, mode of framework application, and quality of framework reporting.ResultsFour main types of frameworks were found with behavioral frameworks dominating the collection of studies. Complex, systems theoretical frameworks were less common. Framework use and reporting quality findings are described.Significance of resultsThe problem of disparate rates of ACP among African Americans is nuanced and varied, stemming from both internal (e.g., personal, behavioral) and external factors (e.g., living conditions). While important and necessary to focus on internal, psychological factors, it is also vital to incorporate systems’ theories such as the Cumulative Disadvantage Theory to better understand and demonstrate inherent complexities. Recommendations for framework use are discussed for research and clinical application. Incorporating complexity science approaches and multi-systems theories may support multi-level modeling needed to understand this problem and reduce ACP disparities in this population.
Radio Frequency Emissions From Streamer Collisions in Subbreakdown Fields
Authors: Koile Jacob , Liu Ningyu , Dwyer Joseph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLightning emits short wavelength radio waves from the very high frequency (VHF, 30–300 MHz) to ultrahigh‐frequency (UHF, 0.3–3 GHz) range. A lightning subprocess that has recently been shown to emit in this frequency range is streamer collisions. In this work, we report a modeling study of streamers colliding in ambient electric fields ranging from subbreakdown to overbreakdown values. The streamers are initiated from isolated hydrometeors similar in size to those typically seen in thunderstorms. In every case presented, the collision produces emissions extending into the UHF range. The emission spectrum from the subbreakdown ambient field cases falls off faster as frequency increases compared with the overbreakdown cases. It appears that the length of the streamers upon colliding, under the same ambient field, has a negligible effect on the shape of the spectrum. The results are important for interpreting observations of lightning processes that involve streamer collisions.
An Atmospheric Bridge Between the Subpolar and Tropical Atlantic Regions: A Perplexing Asymmetric Teleconnection
Authors: Baek Seung H. , Kushnir Yochanan , Robinson Walter A. , Lora Juan M. , Lee Dong Eun , Ting Mingfang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe largest sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) occur over the Atlantic subpolar gyre, yet it is the tropical Atlantic from where the global impacts of AMV originate. Processes that communicate SST change from the subpolar Atlantic gyre to the tropical North Atlantic thus comprise a crucial mechanism of AMV. Here we use idealized model experiments to show that such communication is accomplished by an “atmospheric bridge.” Our results demonstrate an unexpected asymmetry: the atmosphere is effective in communicating cold subpolar SSTs to the north tropical Atlantic, via an immediate extratropical atmospheric circulation change that invokes slower wind‐driven evaporative cooling along the Eastern Atlantic Basin and into the tropics. Warm subpolar SST anomalies do not elicit a robust tropical Atlantic response. Our results highlight a key dynamical feature of AMV for which warm and cold phases are not opposites.
Warming and Increased Respiration Have Transformed an Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau From a Carbon Dioxide Sink Into a Source
Authors: Yun Hanbo , Tang Jing , D’Imperio Ludovica , Wang Xiaobo , Qu Yang , Liu Licheng , Zhuang Qianlai , Zhang Wenxin , Wu Qingbai , Chen Anping , Zhu Qing , Chen Deliang , Elberling Bo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCold region ecosystems store vast amounts of soil organic carbon (C), which upon warming and decomposition can affect the C balance and potentially change these ecosystems from C sinks to carbon dioxide (CO2) sources. We quantified the decadal year‐round CO2 flux from an alpine steppe‐ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau using eddy covariance and automatic chamber approaches during a period of significant warming (0.13°C per 10 years; and 0.18°C in the non‐growing season alone: 1st October to next 30th April). The results showed that ongoing climate change, mainly warming within the topsoil layers, is the main reason for the site’s change from a sink for to a source of CO2 in the atmosphere. Non‐growing‐season ecosystem respiration accounted for 51% of the annual ecosystem respiration and has increased significantly. The growing seasons (1st May to 30th September) were consistent CO2 sink periods without significant changes over the study period. Observations revealed high‐emission events from the end of the non‐growing season to early in the growing season (1st March to fifteenth May), which significantly (p < 0.01) increased at a rate of 22.6 g C m−2 decade−1, ranging from 14.6 ± 10.7 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2012 to 35.3 ± 12.1 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2017. Structural equation modeling suggested that active layer warming was the key factor in explaining changes in ecosystem respiration, leading to significant changes in net ecosystem exchange over the period 2011–2020 and indicated that these changes have already transformed the ecosystem from a CO2 sink into a source. These results can be used to improve our understanding of the sensitivity of ecosystem respiration to increased warming during the non‐growing period.
Experimental critical quantum metrology with the Heisenberg scaling
Authors: Liu Ran , Chen Yu , Jiang Min , Yang Xiaodong , Wu Ze , Li Yuchen , Yuan Haidong , Peng Xinhua , Du Jiangfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCritical quantum metrology, which exploits quantum critical systems as probes to estimate a physical parameter, has gained increasing attention recently. However, the critical quantum metrology with a continuous quantum phase transition (QPT) is experimentally challenging since a continuous QPT only occurs at the thermodynamic limit. Here, we propose an adiabatic scheme on a perturbed Ising spin model with a first-order QPT. By introducing a small transverse magnetic field, we can not only encode an unknown parameter in the ground state but also tune the energy gap to control the evolution time of the adiabatic passage. Moreover, we experimentally implement the critical quantum metrology scheme using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and show that at the critical point the precision achieves the Heisenberg scaling as 1/T. As a theoretical proposal and experimental implementation of the adiabatic scheme of critical quantum metrology and its advantages of easy implementation, inherent robustness against decays and tunable energy gap, our adiabatic scheme is promising for exploring potential applications of critical quantum metrology on various physical systems.
Verification of flow velocity measurements using micrometer-order thermometers
Authors: Takegawa Naoki , Ishibashi Masahiro , Iwai Aya , Furuichi Noriyuki , Morioka Toshihiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn flow velocity measurements, resolution, miniaturization, and accuracy of measuring devices are important issues because the measuring devices significantly affect the flow in the micro-space, sonic flow, and turbulent flow. We studied recovery temperature anemometry (RTA) using micrometer-order thermometers and evaluated its validity in two velocity ranges (40–90 and 315–420 m/s) by conducting two experiments and a numerical simulation. The results confirmed that the difference between the reference velocity and RTA was within 5% in the velocity range 60–90 m/s for both the thermocouple and platinum thermometer given the same recovery temperature coefficient of 0.83. It is a valuable finding that velocity measurement by RTA is independent of the type of thermometer used. This suggests that the accuracy of about 5% can be guaranteed even without calibration by giving the recovery temperature coefficient according to the thermometer geometry, which is an excellent advantage not found in other anemometers. Furthermore, the supersonic flow measured using RTA agrees well with the simulation results and theoretical trends. Our findings ensure that the micrometer-order point measurement of flow velocity, which is difficult with existing anemometers, using RTA is possible over a wide range of flow velocities.
Effect of carbon nanotubes loading and pressure on the performance of a polyethersulfone (PES)/carbon nanotubes (CNT) membrane
Authors: Ngoma Mlungisi Martin , Mathaba Machodi , Moothi Kapil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on modifying a PES membrane with acid-functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNT) for industrial wastewater treatment. Embedding acid functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within the membrane matrix would increase the membrane flux by increasing the membrane pore size and surface area, rejection and thermal stability. Pure PES membranes were prepared by phase inversion method and infused with CNTs at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% loading to fabricate PES/2.5 wt% CNT, PES/5 wt% CNT, PES/7.5 wt% CNT and PES/10 wt% CNT membranes respectively. Characterisation was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to determine CNT morphology, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the functional groups attached to CNTs, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to determine the thermal stability of the membranes, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine membrane morphology, Bunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method to obtain pore size information and Contact Angle (CA) to determine the membrane hydrophilicity. Membrane performance was then evaluated with a dead-end stirred cell using industrial wastewater containing traces of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Cl. Permeate flux results showed a direct proportion relationship with increasing CNT loading and increasing pressure (100 kPa, 300 kPa, 500 kPa, 700 kPa, 900 kPa and 1100 kPa). PES/5 wt% CNT membrane showed the most enhanced performance compared to the other membranes, achieving reasonably high flux of 43.7 L/m2h and rejection of 89.6% Cu, 100% Fe, 90.5% Ni, 68.8% Zn and 99.99% Cl at 300 kPa. The results obtained showed that the PES membrane embedded with functionalised CNTs could be used for the treatment of industrial wastewater.