bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hayekian Triangles: an application to financial assets
Authors: Iborra Rafael García 
Published: March 2021

Hayekian trinagles are a device used by the Austrian school of eco-nomics, especially in the Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT). The purpose of this paper is to show how they can also be used to analyze the fluctuation of the securities market, by adding financial assets to the model.
Keywords: Austrian Economics, business cycle theory, financial assets, Hayeki-an triangles.
Classification JEL: E14, E32, E51, G01.
Resumen: Los triángulos Hayekianos son una herramienta utilizada por la es-cuela de economía austriaca, especialmente en la teoría del ciclo económico. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar cómo también pueden ser empleados para analizar las fluctuaciones de los mercados de valores, añadiendo los activos financieros al modelo.
The market as a mechanism for conflict resolution: the case of Ecuador
Authors: Reátegui Rubén Méndez , Lescano Viviana , Mena Mayra 
Published: March 2021

Efficacy, efficiency, and effectiveness are pillars in the field of law primarily referred to when the discussion focuses on access and the service of providing justice. As discussed by Landero (2014)1, conflict resolutions by means of alternative mechanisms, such as mediation, under the institutional framework, constitute guaran-tees to be respected in processes for which the provision may affect the rights of individuals. This has been well pointed out in Article 8 of the American Convention on Human Rights (2001)2, which regulates judicial guarantees and Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Also, as intrinsic values of the legal system, the efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness have been extensively studied by doctrine contributions from Calsami-glia (1987)3, Paz-Ares and Valencia (1995)4, Mercuro and Medema (1998)5, Zywicki and Stringham (2010)6. However, presenting them operatively in a way that is related to how the evaluation mecha-nism is applied in order to have a better picture of the resolution of conflicts outside of court such as those confined within the field of childhood and adolescence through the market represents a novel contribution. In other words, it is a contribution that will assess the regressive performance (judged) compared to what is obtained by private instruments (mediation centers).
The evaluation of alternative justice, specifically mediation for a diagnosis of the performance of this justice, and to contrast it with the trial, allows for mistakes and successes in the develop-ment of service justice in relation to the mechanisms for the reso-lution of conflicts outside of court in cases of childhood and adolescence as a starting point for subsequent evaluations. The guidelines state, specifically with regard to effective mediation, mediation initiatives that are improvised and uncoordinated by states but are launched with the best of intentions, do not contrib-ute to the objective of raising institutional barriers that limit the spontaneous appearance of a culture of peace and non-aggression for which the processes must have strong technical and financial support. In light of this, Marquez (2012)7 evaluated mediation in court, employing the “criteria” that he called; Efficacy, Efficiency and Effectiveness. Although the methodology that was introduced was similar to that of this document, Marquez (2012) defends the role of the state by arguing that it does not conceptualize the crite-ria, and definitions given for the right to mediation should not focus on the issues of resolving conflicts outside of court in cases of childhood and adolescence.
Financial Effects of Monetary Expansions
Authors: Iborra Rafael García 
Published: March 2021

The Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT) has traditionally been focused on the distortions created by monetary expansions on the productive structure of the economy. In this paper, I will try to show that, if central banks increase the monetary base and the agents’ preferences do not change, the dis- tortions will not be limited to the productive structure but will also affect the financial structure. This will lead to a series of financial cycles in which both bubbles and crashes, the financial counterparts of booms and crisis, will take place.
Keywords: Bubbles, Business Cycles, Financial Assets, Financial Crisis.
JEL Classification: E14, E32, E44, G01.
Resumen: La Teoría Austriaca del Ciclo Económico (TACE) se ha centrado tra- dicionalmente en las distorsiones generadas por las expansiones monetarias en la estructura productiva de la economía. En este artículo, se intenta mostrar que, si los bancos centrales aumentan la base monetaria y las preferencias de los agentes se mantienen sin cambios, las distorsiones no se limitarán a la estructura productiva sino que también afectarán a la estructura financiera. Esto conducirá a una serie de ciclos financieros en los que burbujas y crashes, los equivalentes financieros de auges y crisis, tendrán lugar.
Palabras clave: Burbujas, Ciclos Económicos, Activos Financieros, Crisis Finan- cieras.
Clasificación JEL: E14, E32, E44, G01.
Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis vs. Austrian Business Cycle Theory
Authors: Peniaz Olga 
Published: March 2021

This article represents a detailed theoretical analysis, focusing on two heterodox theories: the Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis and the Aus- trian Business Cycle Theory, particularly in the light of the 2008 crisis. It provi- des a theoretical comparative analysis of these theories and a review of the empirical studies of two approaches.
Keywords: Economic crisis, interest rate, austrian business cycle theory, finan- cial instability hypothesis.
JEL Classification: E32, E44, E52, E58.
Resumen: Este artículo ofrece un análisis teórico detallado, centrado en dos teorías heterodoxas: la Hipótesis de la Inestabilidad Financiera de Minsky y la Teoría Austríaca del Ciclo Económico, especialmente en vista de la crisis de 2008. Este trabajo proporciona un análisis comparativo teórico de estas teo- rías y una revisión de los estudios empíricos de ambos enfoques.
Palabras clave: Crisis económica, tipo de interés, teoría austriaca del ciclo eco- nómico, hipótesis de inestabilidad financiera.
Clasificación JEL: E32, E44, E52, E58.
Retención en cuidado y distancia entre hospital y domicilio de pacientes HIV adultos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Blugerman Gabriela Alejandra , Valiente José , Cesar Carina , Sued Omar , Yamamoto Cleyton , Cahn Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La distancia al hospital se ha propuesto como uno de los factores limitantes para la retención en cuidado.
Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes HIV mayores de 18 años que iniciaron seguimiento en un centro de referencia en Buenos Aires, Argentina, entre 2011 y 2013. Se consideró retención al registro de ≥1 visita médica, laboratorio (CD4 y/o CV) y/o retiro de antiretrovirales dentro del año posterior a la primera consulta. Se utilizó Google Maps® para establecer la latitud y longitud de la dirección de los pacientes y Google Maps Distance Matrix API® para la distancia domicilio-hospital y tiempo de viaje.
Resultados: De los 1020 pacientes que iniciaron seguimiento se excluyeron 15 que murieron y 158 que fueron derivados. De los restantes, 816 (96,3%) tenían registrada una dirección georreferenciable en su historia clínica. La mediana de edad durante la primera visita fue de 33 (RIC 27-41) años y 654 (77,9%) pacientes eran hombres. La mediana de distancia domicilio-hospital fue 10,3 (RIC 4,4-34,7) km y el tiempo medio de viaje fue 58,5 (RIC 35-102,5) minutos. 730 pacientes (89,5%; IC 87,1-91,5%) continuaban retenidos al año. No encontramos asociación entre el tiempo de viaje ni la distancia domicilio-hospital con la retención en cuidado en esta población.
Conclusiones: En adultos HIV que se atienden en un hospital público de la CABA, el tiempo de viaje y la distancia domicilio-hospital no se asocian con la retención en cuidado dentro del año de la primera visita.
Neumonía grave en la comunidad: ¿cuándo pensar en SAMR-AC?
Authors: Di Virgilio Elizabeth , Lista Nicolás , Rodríguez Alejandra , De Vedia Lautaro , Cisneros Juan Carlos , Prieto Raúl 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: Aunque la incidencia de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente adquirido en la comunidad (SAMR-AC) es inferior al 10%, por su elevada mortalidad debe considerarse en los pacientes graves.
Objetivo: Identificar factores de riesgo asociados con SAMR-AC en pacientes con NAC grave.
Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, que analizó pacientes con NAC con diagnóstico etiológico ingresados en terapia intensiva en un hospital público entre 2006 y 2017.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 250 episodios de NAC, 53 por SAMR-AC y 197 por otros agentes. Los pacientes con SAMR fueron más jóvenes (35,6±13,4 vs 43,1±12,4, p<0,001) y mostraron mayores tasas de infecciones de piel y estructuras relacionadas (IPER) (58,4% vs 2,0%, p<0,001), empiema (15,9% vs 5,0%, p=0,006), compromiso radiológico bilateral (81,1% vs 36,0%, p<0,001), promedio de score APACHE II basal (16,7±3,8 vs 13,2±4,3, p<0,001) y requerimiento de ventilación mecánica (VM) (33,9 vs 17,6 p=0,009). La tasa de mortalidad fue significativamente mayor para los pacientes con SAMR-AC (35,8% vs 11,1%, p<0,001). Las variables que se asociaron con SAMR-AC fueron IPER (OR 67,99, IC 5% 21,94-210,65), compromiso radiológico bilateral (OR 7,63, IC 95% 3,67-16,11), score APACHE II ≥ 15 (OR 4,37, IC 95% 2,08-9,16), edad ≤ 35 años (OR 3,60, IC 95% 1,77-7,29), empiema (OR 3,32, IC 95% 1,24-8,10) y VM (OR 2,85, IC 95% 1,36-5,86).
Conclusión: En pacientes con NAC grave, la presencia de IPER, compromiso radiológico bilateral, score APACHE II ≥ 15, edad ≤ 35 años, empiema y VM se asociaron significativamente con mayor probabilidad de infección por SAMR-AC.
Probable segundo evento por SARS-CoV-2: 12 casos
Authors: Roldán Venesa , Borda María E. , López Ana B. , Alzola Rodrigo , Alonso Ignacio , Barros Silvio , Gómez Ana G. , Remondegui Carlos , Torales Graciela 
Published: March 2021

Con el avance de la pandemia por COVID-19, la aparición de pacientes con un segundo episodio confirmado por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, con transcripción inversa (rt-PCR) compatible con reinfección, puso de manifiesto la falta de recomendaciones para su abordaje.Presentamos un estudio descriptivo multicéntrico retro-prospectivo de una serie de doce casos atendidos entre el 01/06/2020 y el 20/10/2020. En la misma, diez casos presentaron el segundo episodio en un período de tiempo menor a 90 días.
Por su complejidad, la confirmación de una reinfección no está al alcance en la práctica diaria. Esto requiere de estudios que incluyan comparaciones genómicas de cepas virales involucradas en ambos episodios, determinación de la infectividad del ARN por cultivo viral y análisis molecular.
Es necesario establecer definiciones operativas y algoritmos clínicos para la atención de los segundos episodios.
Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de pacientes internados con COVID-19 en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Poblete Gabriela , Cox William , Dasso Alberto , Begher Sandra 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 representa un desafío para la salud mundial y continúa en investigación.
Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas, demográficas, clínicas y la mortalidad por todas las causas de pacientes internados con COVID-19 en un establecimiento de salud privado de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, de corte transversal y descriptivo entre el 3 de marzo y el 8 de julio de 2020. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 por RT-PCR de hisopado nasofaríngeo internados en sala general y unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) del Sanatorio San José. Se analizaron las características epidemiológicas, demográficas (edad, sexo, ocupación, procedencia, residencia), clínicas y mortalidad por todas las causas. Las variables continuas fueron descriptas con mediana y rango intercuartilo (RIC) y las variables categóricas con número y porcentaje. Se utilizó el programa STATA v 13.0.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 118 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 50 años, 51% varones. Las comorbilidades más prevalentes fueron hipertensión arterial 31,4%, enfermedad neurológica crónica 27,1%, enfermedad cardiovascular 14,4% y diabetes 13,6%. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes: fiebre 68,6% y tos 51,7%. Según la severidad inicial: 33,9% neumonía moderada y 27,1% grave. El 75% de las tomografías de tórax reveló vidrio esmerilado; linfopenia presentó el 30%. No se detectó coinfección viral. La mortalidad por todas las causas fue del 20%, y del 57% en UTI con ventilación mecánica.
Conclusiones: Nuestro trabajo describe las características y mortalidad de pacientes internados con COVID-19. Es necesario aumentar la evidencia para desarrollar modelos de predicción clínica relacionados con COVID-19.
¿Es posible un índice de bancarización en Argentina? Una aplicación espacial para Córdoba, Entre Ríos y Santa Fe
Authors: García Fernando 
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo construye un Índice de Bancarización (IB) para la Argentina mediante el uso de información georreferenciada de su zona central y aplicando la metodología MULTISPATI. Los resultados muestran que las componentes espaciales seleccionadas permiten una mejor visualización de la variabilidad espacial. Este estudio constituye un aporte metodológico significativo en tanto introduce en el cálculo del IB la restricción dada por los patrones espaciales subyacentes en los datos. El IB revela un nivel de bancarización heterogéneo dentro del área central de la Argentina.
Análise das exportações na lógica estruturalista-kaldoriana: evidências para Brasil e a China
Authors: De Assis Cabral Joilson , De Freitas Cabral Maria Viviana 
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho analisou o papel das exportações brasileiras e chinesas sobre a capacidade de gerar crescimento econômico sustentado na lógica estruturalista-kaldoriana. A análise empírica consistiu em extrair, hipoteticamente, o setor externo de ambas as economias e, a partir disso, veriﬁcar o conteúdo tecnológico dos setores mais impactados. Para a China, os setores mais impactados foram os de alta e média intensidades tecnológicas. Este resultado sugere que a China Endogeneizou o progresso tecnológico e alcançou um ciclo de crescimento econômico sustentado. Já para o Brasil, os resultados são preocupantes, aﬁnal os setores mais impactados foram os de baixa intensidade tecnológica, com baixa elasticidade-renda. Assim, a economia brasileira sofreria restrição do balanço de pagamentos no longo prazo e entraria em um ciclo vicioso, inviabilizando o crescimento econômico sustentado do País.
Market Imperfections, Social Costs of Strip Mining, and Policy Alternatives
Authors: Bohm Robert A. , Lord James H. , Patterson David A. 
Published: March 2021

All but the most hardened defenders of the coal and utility interests must admit that the visual and ecological impact of an unreclaimed stripped area is unfavorable. We would never quarrel with the overriding concern of the participants at the conference, that concern being for the strained resources situation and the financial and technological difficulties in meeting energy demands. However, the prevailing attitude of the power sector seems to be to put highest priority on meeting the future demands for energy and then, if the public is willing, to meet the considerable additional costs of dimishing environmental spillovers. But this attitude reflects a basic misunderstanding of the economics of the issue, i.e. , of the role of price in determining the quantity of energy used.
Preliminary Estimates of Gross State Product
Authors: Schmidt James R. , Loseke Scott A. 
Published: March 2021

During the past two decades, gross state product (GSP) has become a major indicator of state economic activity. GSP has great conceptual appeal with its definition being “the gross market value of the goods and services attributable to labor and property located in a state”, (Renshaw, et.al., 1988, p. 30). Until the late 1980s, GSP was not an official indicator released by a government agency. Rather, it was constructed by approximation techniques traceable to the work of Kendrick and Jaycox (1965). Since there was no official standard of computation, analysts were on their own to compute GSP accounts for their locale as they saw fit. The method proposed here for creating preliminary GSP estimates uses predictions from single equation models that relate official GSP estimates to either the synthetic GSP estimates of the corresponding industry or to selected components of the synthetic GSP estimates. Four prediction models for official GSP will be examined, one pertaining to current dollar GSP and the remaining three pertaining to constant dollar GSP. This division of attention between current and constant dollar magnitudes is made to allow for the uncertain future of reporting lags in industry GDP and deflator data.
Optimum Location and the Theory of Production: A Comparative Static Approach
Authors: Khalili Amir , Mirakhor Abbas 
Published: March 2021

Location theory of the firm in a simple context was pioneered by Weber, whose analysis involved a firm with fixed coefficient technology attempting to determine the profit maximizing location with respect to input sources and market location. This paper uses methods presented by Khalili et al. It is a comparative static analysis of the location problem of a profit maximizing firm in which the effect of several changes in the exogenous variables on the location decision of the firm with and without prior locational constraint are determined. Specifically, it formulates a profit maximization location problem and analyzes the effect of changes in output price, output transport rates, and input prices on the location decision with and without prior constraint on the location distance from the market.
NASAL BONE RECONSTRUCTION USING BONE CEMENT - “SURGICAL SIMPLEX P”
Authors: აწყვერელი ლ. Atskvereli  L. , ბრეგაძე ო. Bregadze O. , ჭუჭულაშვილი ნ. Chuchulashvili N. 
Published: March 2021

Surgical treatment of the defects and deformations in the facial area are still actual problems of reconstructive surgery. Medical and social aspects of the problem, pushes for intense search of the new materials for the reconstruction and improvement of surgical methods. The work presents an interesting clinical case description. The authors successfully used radiopaque medical cement “Surgical Simplex P” to fill in the deficit of the nasal bone and cartilage. It should be noted that the satisfactory effect was achieved in both functional and aesthetic point of view.
Analisa daya dukung sub das Batang Kumu Kecamatan Rambah Hilir Kabupaten Rokan Hulu
Authors: Hasmadan Rudi , Zulkifli Zulkifli , Suprayogi Imam 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is to analyze the carrying capacity of Sub watershed Batang Kumu in existing conditions that are useful as a direction for the management of Sub watershed Batang Kumu to maintain sustainability. The method of approach used using policy instruments from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (LHK) of the Republic of Indonesia which has published regulation of the Minister of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia no.61 /Menhut II/ 2014 on monitoring and evaluation of watershed management with assessment of criteria covering land, water system, socioeconomic, value of building investment and utilization of regional space. The data used for the research includes land use data, high water level and water quality sample test results sourced from BP-DAS Indragiri Rokan, rainfall data sourced from The River Regional Basin (BWS) of Sumatra III, socioeconomic and population data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Rokan Hulu Regency as well as building investment value data sourced from the Public Work Office of Rokan Hulu Regency. The results of the research stated the total carrying capacity value of Sub watershed Batang Kumu is 117.5. The condition of support capacity of Sub watershed Batang Kumu Sub-District Rambah Hilir Rokan Hulu regency is in the category of bad or in other words Sub watershed Batang Kumu that deserves to maintain its supporting capacity where socioeconomic and institutional assets / value and investment of buildings function as they should. While land conditions, water systems and regional development policies are performance parameters of Sub watershed Batang Kumu which has an influence in increasing the risk of ineligion to the sustainability of watershed ecosystems especially the percentage of critical land, the percentage of vegetation closures and erosion index that shows a very high classification level followed by sub criteria of flooding with high classification and protected areas with very poor classification
Strategi Pengelolaan tempat pemrosesan akhir (TPA ) Sampah Batu Canai di Kelurahan Pematang Reba Indragiri Hulu
Authors: Harman Amalia Prafitra , Siregar Yusni Ikhwan , Putra Ridwan Manda 
Published: March 2021

To solve the waste problem in Indragiri Hulu Regency, the Regency Government built a Landfill (TPA). This waste Landfill (TPA) is located at Jalan Batu Canai, Pematang Reba Village, Rengat Barat District. However, the management of this TPA has experienced various obstacles so that it does not run optimally so it is interesting for further research.This research was conducted in August 2020 at the Batu Canai waste landfill (TPA) using survey methods, literature study and interviews. The type of data used in the form of a combination of quantitative and qualitative research will be described descriptively. The variables of this study include 1.) The existing condition of Batu Canai Waste Landfill (TPA) Pematang Reba Village, 2) The impact of the existence of Batu Canai Final Disposal Site (TPA) of Batu Canai Garbage in Pematang Reba Village on the environment, social and economy according to the perceptions of the community around the TPA , 3) Management strategy of Batu Canai waste landfill (TPA) Pematang Reba Village. The existing condition of TPA Batu Canai in terms of facilities and infrastructure is quite adequate, although some infrastructure and operational facilities are damaged. From the calculation results, the estimated service life of Batu Canai waste landfill (TPA) is 8 years and 9 months. For the impact of the existence of TPA Batu Canai, according to the community's perception around the TPA, from a socio-economic perspective, their response was positive and from an environmental perspective, their response was negative. Meanwhile, the alternative management strategies for Batu Canai waste landfill were analyzed through SWOT analysis. From the results of the SWOT analysis, it was found that the condition of the TPA was in Quadrant III and the right alternative strategy for managing the Batu Canai Final Processing Site (TPA) in Pematang Reba Village was a WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities) strategy, namely 1) Optimizing the Controlled landfill system, 2) Support Government to establish a special agency for managing TPA, 3) Utilizing good waste processing technology to process organic waste into bio energy, 4) Empowering and fostering communities to establish a Waste Bank.