bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropical precipitation clusters as islands on a rough water‐vapor topography
Authors: Li Ziwei , O'Gorman Paul A. , Rothman Daniel H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTropical precipitation clusters exhibit power‐law frequency distributions in area and volume (integrated precipitation), implying a lack of characteristic scale in tropical convective organization. However, it remains unknown what gives rise to the power laws and how the power‐law exponents for area and volume are related to one another. Here, we explore the perspective that precipitation clusters are islands above a convective threshold on a rough column‐water‐vapor (CWV) topography. This perspective is supported by the agreement between the precipitation clusters and CWV islands in their frequency distributions as well as fractal dimensions. Power laws exist for CWV islands at different thresholds through the CWV topography, suggesting that the existence of power laws is not specifically related to local precipitation dynamics, but is rather a general feature of CWV islands. Furthermore, the frequency distributions and fractal dimensions of the clusters can be reproduced when the CWV field is modeled to be self‐affine with a roughness exponent of 0.3. Self‐affine scaling theory relates the statistics of precipitation clusters to the roughness exponent; it also relates the power‐law slopes for area and volume without involving the roughness exponent. Thus, the perspective of precipitation clusters as CWV islands provides a useful framework to consider many statistical properties of these precipitation clusters, particularly given that CWV is well‐observed over a wide range of length‐scales in the Tropics. However, the statistics of CWV islands at the convective threshold imply a smaller roughness than is inferred from the power spectrum of the bulk CWV field, and further work is needed to understand the scaling of the CWV field.
Quantitative structure–property relationship of edge weighted and degree‐based entropy of benzene derivatives
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Naeem Muhammad , Aslam Adnan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTopological indices are used to predict the physical properties of chemical compounds. It is an efficient technique in avoiding expensive and long laboratory experiments. For this, we computed the weighted degree and weighted edge‐based topological indices and developed a quantitative structure–property relationship between these entropy indices and the scaling physical properties of benzene derivatives. We developed a Maple based algorithm to compute these indices and the correlation between topological indices and physical properties have been developed with the software SPSS. Our study reveals that the redefined third Zagreb entropy is the most significant parameter and has good prediction ability for the physical properties boiling point and molecular weight.
Contrasting ecological processes shape the Eucalyptus phyllosphere bacterial and fungal community assemblies
Authors: Yan Zhen‐Zhen , Chen Qing‐Lin , Li Chao‐Yu , Thi Nguyen Bao‐Anh , He Ji‐Zheng , Hu Hang‐Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionPhyllosphere microbiome is intrinsically linked to plant performance and ecosystem functioning. However, our knowledge about the role of ecological processes in shaping the biogeography of different phyllosphere microbial communities is scarce.Materials and MethodsHere, we compared the biogeographic patterns of bacterial and fungal communities in phyllosphere samples of plants belonging to the genus of Eucalyptus of the Myrtaceae family collected from an over 4000 km transect. We investigated the relative importance of two major ecosystem processes (stochastic vs. deterministic) in shaping phyllosphere microbial community assemblies.ResultsOur results demonstrated that the neutral community model, which can quantify the degree of a community assembly determined by stochastic processes, explained 64.2% of the variations in bacterial community assembly, which had a normalized stochasticity ratio of 71.8%. These results suggest that the dominant role of stochastic processes in shaping bacterial community assembly. In contrast, phyllosphere fungal community assembly was mainly shaped by deterministic processes as revealed by a relatively small explanation rate of the neutral community model (48.7%) and a normalized stochasticity ratio of 25.1%. Variation partitioning analysis and random forest modelling results indicated that climatic factors, particularly mean annual precipitation and aridity index, were important in driving both bacterial and fungal biogeographic patterns in the phyllosphere. Edaphic factors, such as soil organic and mineral nitrogen content, were more closely related to fungal community assembly than to bacterial community assembly. The differential responses of bacterial and fungal communities to environmental factors could be attributed to the different traits of bacteria and fungi, that is, the higher potential dispersal rate and wider habitat niche of bacteria than fungi.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities followed distinct community assembly processes, which is supported by the ‘size plasticity’ hypothesis that smaller organisms (bacteria) are less influenced by environmental conditions and are more homogeneous across space than larger organisms (fungi). These findings provide new insights into the microbial ecology of plant phyllosphere microbiomes.
Biomaterial‐Interrelated Bacterial Sweeper: Simplified Self‐Assembled Octapeptides with Double‐Layered Trp Zipper Induces Membrane Destabilization and Bacterial Apoptosis‐Like Death
Authors: Fang Yuxin , Zhu Yunhui , Li Ling , Lai Zhenheng , Dong Na , Shan Anshan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTreatment of microbial‐associated infections continues to be hampered by impaired antibacterial efficiency and the variability in nanomedicines. Herein, an octapeptide library with a double‐layered zipper, constructed via a systematic arrangement, simplifying the sequence and optimizing the structure (diverse motifs including surfactant‐like, central‐bola, and end‐bola), is assessed in terms of biological efficiency and self‐assembly properties. The results indicate that peptides with double‐layered Trp zipper exhibit significant antimicrobial activity. Extracellularly, affinity interactions between micelles and bacteria induce the lateral flow of the membrane and electric potential perturbation. Intracellularly, lead molecules cause apoptosis‐like death, as indicated by excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, generation of a DNA ladder, and upregulation of mazEF expression. Among them, RW‐1 performs the best in vivo and in vitro. The intersecting combination of Trp zipper and surfactants possesses overwhelming superiority with respect to bacterial sweepers (therapeutic index [TI] = 52.89), nanostructures (micelles), and bacterial damage compared to RW‐2 (central‐bola) and RW‐3 (end‐bola). These findings confirm that the combination of double‐layered Trp zipper and surfactants has potential for application as a combined motif for combating microbial infection and connects the vast gap between antimicrobial peptides and self‐assembly, such as Jacob's ladder.
Promoting Sustainable Mobility in Tourist Destinations: Mobility Center 2.0
Authors: Briesner Ingrid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver the past decades, leisure-related mobility in European regions has increased continuously, especially in tourist destinations. New mobility patterns put enormous strain on sustainability issues in tourist regions, which are particularly vulnerable in this regard since the amount of individual mobility often is higher than in non-tourist regions leading to road congestion, seasonal changes of transport demand causing capacity problems, and high level of private car use increasing the need for parking spaces, etc. The rising importance of ecological tourism demands new perspectives of the tourist destinations in establishing new sustainable mobility structures and strategies for supporting regional economic development. Mobility Centers 2.0 are an efficient tool to reduce individual car use and the negative impact of visitor’s travel in tourist regions, as well as to upgrade the quality of the leisure offer and the external image of the region. They can help to strengthen tourist regions as growth poles and improve the economic vitality of the targeted destination.
Nodes
Authors: Lovell Heather 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNodes within smart grids play an important role in providing stability—keeping things the same—as well as innovating. The theme of nodes is closely related to that of networks, as nodes are fixed, stable points on networks. But whereas the network metaphor encourages us to think about connections and flows, the concept of nodes focuses our attention on the key organisations, people, and technologies that provide stable anchor points and typically act as brokers at crucial intersections within the energy sector. In this chapter, I examine social and technical nodes using three examples: the digital electricity meter, with a focus on household transitions in the UK and Australia, an energy authority (the Australian Energy Market Operator), and islands, specifically looking at the smart grid on King Island, Australia.
Elliptic blowup equations for 6d SCFTs. Part IV. Matters
Authors: Gu Jie , Haghighat Babak , Klemm Albrecht , Sun Kaiwen , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Given the recent geometrical classification of 6d (1, 0) SCFTs, a major question is how to compute for this large class their elliptic genera. The latter encode the refined BPS spectrum of the SCFTs, which determines geometric invariants of the associated elliptic non-compact Calabi-Yau threefolds. In this paper we establish for all 6d (1, 0) SCFTs in the atomic classification blowup equations that fix these elliptic genera to large extent. The latter fall into two types: the unity and the vanishing blowup equations. For almost all rank one theories, we find unity blowup equations which determine the elliptic genera completely. We develop several techniques to compute elliptic genera and BPS invariants from the blowup equations, including a recursion formula with respect to the number of strings, a Weyl orbit expansion, a refined BPS expansion and an ϵ1, ϵ2 expansion. For higher-rank theories, we propose a gluing rule to obtain all their blowup equations based on those of rank one theories. For example, we explicitly give the elliptic blowup equations for the three higher-rank non-Higgsable clusters, ADE chain of −2 curves and conformal matter theories. We also give the toric construction for many elliptic non-compact Calabi- Yau threefolds which engineer 6d (1, 0) SCFTs with various matter representations.
Symptom burden, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life in cancer survivors with pelvic late radiation tissue injuries
Authors: Velure Grete K. , Müller Bernd , Hauken May Aa. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Curative radiotherapy for cancer may lead to severe late radiation tissue injuries (LRTIs). However, limited knowledge exists about pelvic cancer survivors’ LRTI symptoms, distress, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We sought to assess the symptom burden, distress, and HRQOL in survivors with established pelvic LRTIs compared to norm populations and to investigate the relation between these factors.

Methods
Cancer survivors referred for treatment of established pelvic LRTIs were recruited nationwide. LTRIs were assessed with the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC), psychological distress was assessed with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and HRQOL was assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORCT-QLQ-C30).

Results
A total of 107 participants (mean age 64, 53% men) were included. Compared to norms, participants reported more urinary (mean 68.7 vs. 89.5; p = 0.00; d = 1.4) and bowel symptoms (mean 62.5 vs. 92.4; p = 0.00; d = 2.7), increased psychological distress (mean 13.4 vs. 10.3; p = 0.00; d = 0.6), and overall poorer HRQOL (mean 54.9 vs. 71.2; p = 0.00; d = 0.7). Higher symptom burden and higher levels of psychological distress were associated with lower HRQOL (r2 = 46%), but psychological distress did not moderate the influence of symptoms on HRQOL.

Conclusion
Cancer survivors with established pelvic LRTIs are highly burdened compared to norms. The association of the LRTI-related symptom burden with HRQOL is independent of the level of psychological distress. Both coping and treatment interventions are crucial to promoting long-term health and HRQOL.

Trial registration
NCT03570229.
Does compulsory schooling affect health? Evidence from ambulatory claims data
Authors: Begerow Tatjana , Jürges Hendrik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing claims data on more than 23 million statutorily insured, we investigate the causal effect of schooling on health in the largest and most comprehensive analysis for Germany to date. In a regression discontinuity approach, we exploit changes in compulsory schooling in West Germany to estimate the reduced form effect of the reforms on health, measured by doctor diagnoses in ICD-10 format covering physical as well as mental health conditions. To mitigate the problem that empirical results depend on subjective decisions made by the researcher, we perform specification curve analyses to assess the robustness of findings across various model specifications. We find that the reforms have, at best, very small impacts on the examined doctor diagnoses. In most of the specifications we estimate insignificant effects that are close to zero and often of the “wrong” sign. Therefore, our study questions the presence of the large positive effects of education on health that are found in the previous literature.
Investigating socially assistive systems from system design and evaluation: a systematic review
Authors: Qiu Shi , An Pengcheng , Kang Kai , Hu Jun , Han Ting , Rauterberg Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThe development of assistive technologies that support people in social interactions has attracted increased attention in HCI. This paper presents a systematic review of studies of Socially Assistive Systems targeted at older adults and people with disabilities. The purpose is threefold: (1) Characterizing related assistive systems with a special focus on the system design, primarily including HCI technologies used and user-involvement approach taken; (2) Examining their ways of system evaluation; (3) Reflecting on insights for future design research.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using the keywords “social interactions” and “assistive technologies” within the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, ACM, Science Direct, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore.ResultsSixty-five papers met the inclusion criteria and were further analyzed. Our results showed that there were 11 types of HCI technologies that supported social interactions for target users. The most common was cognitive and meaning understanding technologies, often applied with wearable devices for compensating users’ sensory loss; 33.85% of studies involved end-users and stakeholders in the design phase; Four types of evaluation methods were identified. The majority of studies adopted laboratory experiments to measure user-system interaction and system validation. Proxy users were used in system evaluation, especially in initial experiments; 42.46% of evaluations were conducted in field settings, primarily including the participants’ own homes and institutions.ConclusionWe contribute an overview of Socially Assistive Systems that support social interactions for older adults and people with disabilities, as well as illustrate emerging technologies and research opportunities for future work.
Identification of a familial cleidocranial dysplasia with a novel RUNX2 mutation and establishment of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Hamada Atsuko , Mukasa Hanae , Taguchi Yuki , Akagi Eri , Obayashi Fumitaka , Yamasaki Sachiko , Kanda Taku , Koizumi Koichi , Toratani Shigeaki , Okamoto Tetsuji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease associated with the gene RUNX2. Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a useful resource to further study human hereditary diseases such as CCD. In this study, we identified a novel CCD-specific RUNX2 mutation and established iPSCs with this mutation. Biopsies were obtained from familial CCD patients and mutation analyses were performed through Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing. CCD-specific human iPSCs (CCD-hiPSCs) were established and maintained under completely defined serum, feeder, and integration-free condition using a non-integrating replication-defective Sendai virus vector. We identified the novel mutation RUNX2_c.371C>G and successfully established CCD-hiPSCs. The CCD-hiPSCs inherited the same mutation, possessed pluripotency, and showed the ability to differentiate the three germ layers. We concluded that RUNX2_c.371C>G was likely pathogenic because our results, derived from next generation sequencing, are supported by actual clinical evidence, familial tracing, and genetic data. Thus, we concluded that hiPSCs with a novel CCD-specific RUNX2 mutation are viable as a resource for future studies on CCD.
Heterosis and combining abilities in a diverse seven-parent pearl millet population diallel tested in West Africa
Authors: Dutta Sonali , Sattler Felix T. , Pucher Anna , Drabo Inoussa , Issaka Ahmad , Sy Ousmane , Sanogo Moussa D. , Angarawai Ignatius I. , Haussmann Bettina I. G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is an important food-security crop to smallholder farmers in West Africa (WA). Breeding for high yield and stability is a major challenge in the harsh environments of WA but could be tackled by a more systematic exploitation of hybrid vigor and heterosis in breeding of both open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) and different types of hybrids. Knowledge of combining ability patterns and quantitative-genetic parameters is required for an efficient development of hybrid vigor and heterosis in breeding programs. Hence, our objectives were to complement other existing studies and estimate the combining ability of seven unique, highly diverse Sahelian pearl millet populations from Senegal, Mali, Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger, Sudan and Nigeria and the heterosis and stability of their 42 diallel-derived population hybrids (or hybrid populations) to inform pearl millet OPV and hybrid breeding. The materials were evaluated in six environments in WA in 2007. Grain yield (GY) exhibited an average panmictic mid-parent heterosis of 24%, ranging from − 1.51 to 64.69%. General combining ability (GCA) was significant across test environments as reflected by high heritability estimates and high GCA:SCA variance ratios. Thus, early selection for parental per se performance would be rewarding. The parental population from Sudan (IP8679) had strongly negative GCA for GY. Its lack of adaptation contributed to the predominance of additive effects in the present germplasm set. Parental populations PE02987 (Senegal), PE05344 (Mali) and ICMV IS 92222 (Niger) showed large positive GCA for GY. Their offspring, especially PE02987 × PE05344 and Kapelga × ICMV IS 92222, exhibited a high and stable GY across all test environments. Tapping the regional pearl millet genetic diversity and preselecting the crossing parents seem beneficial for OPV and hybrid breeding to increase pearl millet productivity in WA.
The Role of Open Science Practices in Scaling Evidence-Based Prevention Programs
Authors: Supplee Lauren H. , Ammerman Robert T. , Duggan Anne K. , List John A. , Suskind Dana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe goal of creating evidence-based programs is to scale them at sufficient breadth to support population-level improvements in critical outcomes. However, this promise is challenging to fulfill. One of the biggest issues for the field is the reduction in effect sizes seen when a program is taken to scale. This paper discusses an economic perspective that identifies the underlying incentives in the research process that lead to scale up problems and to deliver potential solutions to strengthen outcomes at scale. The principles of open science are well aligned with this goal. One prevention program that has begun to scale across the USA is early childhood home visiting. While there is substantial impact research on home visiting, overall average effect size is .10 and a recent national randomized trial found attenuated effect sizes in programs implemented under real-world conditions. The paper concludes with a case study of the relevance of the economic model and open science in developing and scaling evidence-based home visiting. The case study considers how the traditional approach for testing interventions has influenced home visiting’s evolution to date and how open science practices could have supported efforts to maintain impacts while scaling home visiting. It concludes by considering how open science can accelerate the refinement and scaling of home visiting interventions going forward, through accelerated translation of research into policy and practice.
Why Europe Does not Need a Constitution: On the Limits of Constituent Power as a Tool for Democratization
Authors: Ballangé Aliénor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, I question the use of the notion of ‘constituent power’ as a tool for the democratization of the European Union (EU). Rather than seeing the absence of a transnational constituent power as a cause of the EU’s ‘democratic deficit’, I identify it as an opportunity for unfettered democratic participation. Against the reification of power-in-action into a power-constituted-in-law, I argue that the democratization of the EU can only be achieved through the multiplication of ‘constituent moments’. I begin by deconstructing the normative justifications surrounding the concept of constituent power. Here I analyze the structural aporia of constituent power and question the autonomous and emancipatory dimension of this notion. I then test the theoretical hypothesis of this structural aporia of the popular constituent power by comparing it with the historical experiments of a European popular constituent power. Finally, based on these theoretical and empirical observations, I propose to replace the ambivalence of the concept of popular constituent power with a more cautious approach to the bottom-up democratization of European integration: that of a multiplication of transnational constituent moments.