bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Heat Islands during Heat Waves: A Comparative Study between Boston and Phoenix
Authors: Wang Liang , Li Dan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we simulate the magnitude of urban heat islands (UHIs) during heat wave (HWs) in two cities with contrasting climates (Boston, Massachusetts, and Phoenix, Arizona) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and quantify their drivers with a newly developed attribution method. During the daytime, a surface UHI (SUHI) is found in Boston, which is mainly caused by the higher urban surface resistance that reduces the latent heat flux and the higher urban aerodynamic resistance ra that inhibits convective heat transfer between the urban surface and the lower atmosphere. In contrast, a daytime surface urban cool island is found in Phoenix, which is mainly due to the lower urban ra that facilitates convective heat transfer. In terms of near-surface air UHI (AUHI), there is almost no daytime AUHI in either city. At night, an SUHI and an AUHI are identified in Boston that are due to the stronger release of heat storage in urban areas. In comparison, the lower urban ra in Phoenix enhances convective heat transfer from the atmosphere to the urban surface at night, leading to a positive SUHI but no AUHI. Our study highlights that the magnitude of UHIs or urban cool islands is strongly controlled by urban–rural differences in terms of aerodynamic features, vegetation and moisture conditions, and heat storage, which show contrasting characteristics in different regions.
Retrieved Thermodynamic Structure of Hurricane Rita (2005) from Airborne Multi–Doppler Radar Data
Authors: Boehm Annette M. , Bell Michael M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe newly developed Spline Analysis at Mesoscale Utilizing Radar and Aircraft Instrumentation–Thermodynamic Retrieval (SAMURAI-TR) is used to estimate three-dimensional temperature and pressure perturbations in Hurricane Rita on 23 September 2005 from multi–Doppler radar data during the RAINEX field campaign. These are believed to be the first fully three-dimensional gridded thermodynamic observations from a TC. Rita was a major hurricane at this time and was affected by 13 m s−1 deep-layer vertical wind shear. Analysis of the contributions of the kinematic and retrieved thermodynamic fields to different azimuthal wavenumbers suggests the interpretation of eyewall convective forcing within a three-level framework of balanced, quasi-balanced, and unbalanced motions. The axisymmetric, wavenumber-0 structure was approximately in thermal-wind balance, resulting in a large pressure drop and temperature increase toward the center. The wavenumber-1 structure was determined by the interaction of the storm with environmental vertical wind shear resulting in a quasi balance between shear and shear-induced kinematic and thermodynamic perturbations. The observed wavenumber-1 thermodynamic asymmetries corroborate results of previous studies on the response of a vortex tilted by shear, and add new evidence that the vertical motion is nearly hydrostatic on the wavenumber-1 scale. Higher-order wavenumbers were associated with unbalanced motions and convective cells within the eyewall. The unbalanced vertical acceleration was positively correlated with buoyant forcing from thermal perturbations and negatively correlated with perturbation pressure gradients relative to the balanced vortex.
Perioperative Blood Transfusions or Operative Time: Which Drives Post-Hepatectomy Outcomes?
Authors: Fagenson Alexander M. , Pitt Henry A. , Lau Kwan N. 
Published: March 2021

Background Perioperative blood transfusions and operative time are surgical quality indicators. The aim of this analysis is to determine which of these variables drives post-hepatectomy outcomes. Methods Patients undergoing major or partial hepatectomy were identified in the 2014-2018 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program hepatectomy targeted database. Prolonged operative time was defined as ≥ 240 minutes. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed for multiple postoperative outcomes. Results Of 20 521 hepatectomies, 18% of patients received a perioperative transfusion, and the median operative time was 218 minutes. Patients receiving a transfusion had a significant ( P < .001) increase in mortality (5.1% vs. .7%) and serious morbidity (43% vs. 16%). Prolonged operative time was associated with significantly ( P < .001) increased mortality (2.4% vs. .8%) and serious morbidity (29% vs. 14%). Those with primary hepatobiliary cancer had the highest rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality compared to patients with metastatic and benign disease when a transfusion occurred. On multivariable regression analyses, perioperative transfusions conferred a higher risk ( P < .001) than prolonged operative time for mortality (OR 5.02 vs. 1.47) and serious morbidity (OR 2.56 vs. 1.50). Conclusions Perioperative blood transfusions are a more robust predictor of post-hepatectomy outcomes than increased operative time, especially in patients with primary hepatobiliary cancer.
Breaking the Chain: How Arrests Reduce the Probability of Near Repeat Crimes
Authors: Wheeler Andrew P. , Riddell Jordan R. , Haberman Cory P. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Near repeat patterns have been identified for a host of different crimes, but effective strategies to reduce near repeats have had more variable results. This study identifies near repeat crime patterns in Dallas, TX, and examines the effects of an arrest on reducing the probability of future crime. Method: Using open-source crime data from the Dallas Police Department from July 2014 through June 2018, we identified near repeat patterns for shootings, interpersonal robberies, residential burglaries, and thefts from motor vehicles. Logistic regression models were used to test the effect of an arrest on reducing near repeat crimes; controls for geographic, demographic, and temporal factors were included in each model. Results: Near repeat calculations suggest violent crime clustered closely in time and space, with property crime dispersed over larger spatial and temporal dimensions. Across all four crime types, findings suggest arrests resulted in 20%–40% reductions in a near repeat follow-up crime. Conclusions: In line with past research on shootings, arrests reduced the likelihood of subsequent crimes. This suggests policing strategies to increase arrests may be a fruitful way to reduce near repeat crime patterns.
Resources Assessment for Penicillin Allergy Testing Performed by Pharmacists at the Patient’s Bedside
Authors: Gaudreau Sophie , Bourque Geneviève , Côté Kevin , Nutu Clément , Beauchesne Marie-France , Longpré Audrey-Anne , Beloin-Jubinville Bianca , Legeleux Lorraine , Blaquière Martin , Martin Philippe , Gilbert Mélanie 
Published: March 2021

Background: False penicillin allergies lead to increased antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, and health care costs by promoting the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends the implementation of allergy testing. Objectives: The primary objective of this research was to estimate the number of pharmacist full-time equivalents (FTEs) required for an intervention aimed at determining penicillin allergy in hospitalized patients. Acceptance of pharmacists’ suggestions on antibiotic therapy are described. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in a 712-bed university hospital involving hospitalized patients with a suspected penicillin allergy and an infection treatable with penicillin. The time required for the intervention, which included a questionnaire, penicillin allergy testing (skin-prick test, intradermal injection, and oral provocation test), and recommendations on antibiotic therapy were measured to calculate the number of pharmacist FTEs. Results: A total of 55 patients were included. Scarification allergy testing was performed on 37, intradermal allergy test on 33, and oral provocation test on 26 patients. The intervention ruled out penicillin allergy in 26 patients, with no serious adverse effects. The intervention was associated with a median weekly pharmacist FTE of 0.15 (interquartile range = 0.12-0.25). The acceptance of pharmacists’ suggestions was high and led to 9 patients being switched to an antibiotic with a narrower spectrum of activity. Conclusions and Relevance: This study describes penicillin allergy testing and the number of median weekly hospital pharmacist FTEs required, which was approximately 0.15. These data may aid in the implementation of this safe intervention that promotes narrower-spectrum antibiotherapy.
Splenic artery embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate in patients with blunt abdominal trauma
Authors: Sanampudi Sreeja , Raissi Driss 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Splenic artery embolization (SAE) has been shown to be safe and effective for non-operative management of patients with splenic trauma while preserving splenic function. A variety of coils, plugs, particles and liquid embolics have all been used. NBCA (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) is used less frequently than other modalities but is effective. Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent SAE with NBCA for blunt abdominal trauma at a single tertiary medical center over a six-year period. Results Out of 123 SAE patients, 7 utilized NBCA; 6 patients had intraparenchymal splenic artery pseudoaneurysms, 2 had intraparenchymal arteriovenous fistulas, and 5 had active extravasation from the spleen on CT imaging. There was 100% technical success rate. There were no acute post-op complications or complications at 30-day and 90-day follow up. One patient died 2 days following SAE secondary to worsening subdural hematoma unrelated to SAE. Conclusions NBCA is safe and effective in treating patients with splenic injury particularly in patients with high grade splenic injury demonstrating extensive intraparenchymal vascular injury and/or intraprocedural extravasation in distal locations.
Introduction: The emotional turn in journalism
Authors: Wahl-Jorgensen Karin , Pantti Mervi 
Published: March 2021

In journalism studies, an interest in emotions has gathered momentum during the last decade, leading to an increasingly diverse investigation of the affective and emotional aspects of production, text and audience engagement with journalism which we describe as an “emotional turn.” The attention to emotion in journalism studies is a relatively recent development, sustained by the concurrent rise of digital information technologies that have accentuated the emotional and affective everyday use of media, as well as the increasing mobilization, exploitation and capitalization of emotions in digital media. This special issue both builds upon research on emotion in journalism studies and aims to extend it by examining new theoretical and methodological tools, and areas of empirical analysis, to engage with emotion or affect across the contexts of journalistic production, content and consumption. In proclaiming ‘an emotional turn’ in journalism studies, the intention of this special issue is not to suggest a paradigm shift or a major change in the prevailing research agenda in the field. Rather, against the backdrop of the increasingly diverse field of journalism studies, it is to point out that the relationship between journalism and emotion represents a rapidly developing area of inquiry, which opens up for new research agendas.
Exploring patients’ and health professionals’ perspectives on health literacy needs in the context of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Borge Christine R. , Larsen Marie H. , Osborne Richard H. , Engebretsen Eivind , Andersen Marit H. , Holter Ingrid Asbjørnsen , Leine Marit , Wahl Astrid K. 
Published: March 2021

Objective Persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) require complex follow-up by healthcare professionals (HCPs) and may experience several health literacy (HL) needs. This study aimed to explore such needs in people with COPD and the HCPs who care for them. Methods From October 2016 to August 2017 a qualitative study with four focus groups (FG) were performed in people with COPD (n = 14) and three in multidisciplinary HCPs (n = 21). An inductive thematic analysis was used to investigate HL needs. Results Four HL needs emerged: 1) strengthening the feeling of security; 2) combating the burden of insufficient knowledge on COPD and lack of informational flow; 3) supporting motivation for endurance and self-management; and 4) strengthening dignity. Discussion This study highlights a gap between people with COPD who express important HL needs and HCPs’ capabilities to care for these needs. For HCPs to increase HL in such cases, HCPs need to improve their own HL. It is essential to find solutions on how to improve HL in HCPs who care for people with COPD and to increase the availability of interventions that increase HL in COPD. Education programs, health organizations, and governments should be aware of HL needs in such situations.
Clinical effectiveness of endovascular stroke treatment in the early and extended time windows
Authors: Nogueira Raul G , Haussen Diogo C , Liebeskind David S , Jovin Tudor G , Gupta Rishi , Saver Jeffrey L , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Budzik Ronald F , Baxter Blaise , Krajina Antonin , Bonafe Alain , Malek Ali , Narata Ana Paula , Mohammaden Mahmoud H , Zhang Yanchang , Morgan Patricia , Ji Minyi , Bartolini Bruno , English Joey , Albers Gregory W , Mlynash Michael , Lansberg Maarten G , Frankel Michael R , Pereira Vitor M , Veznedaroglu Erol ,   for the Trevo Registry, SWIFT Prime, DEFUSE 3 and DAWN Trial Investigators
Published: March 2021

Background The clinical efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy has been unequivocally demonstrated in multiple randomized clinical trials. However, these studies were performed in carefully selected centers and utilized strict inclusion criteria. Aim We aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in a prospective registry. Methods A total of 2008 patients from 76 sites across 12 countries were enrolled in a prospective open-label mechanical thrombectomy registry. Patients were categorized into the corresponding cohorts of the SWIFT-Prime, DAWN, and DEFUSE 3 trials according to the basic demographic and clinical criteria without considering specific parenchymal imaging findings. Baseline and outcome variables were compared across the corresponding groups. Results As compared to the treated patients in the actual trials, registry-derived patients tended to be younger and had lower baseline ASPECTS. In addition, time to treatment was earlier and the use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) and general anesthesia were higher in DAWN- and DEFUSE-3 registry derived patients versus their corresponding trials. Reperfusion rates were higher in the registry patients. The rates of 90-day good outcome (mRS0-2) in registry-derived patients were comparable to those of the patients treated in the corresponding randomized clinical trials (SWIFT-Prime, 64.5% vs. 60.2%; DAWN, 50.4% vs. 48.6%; Beyond-DAWN: 52.4% vs. 48.6%; DEFUSE 3, 52% vs. 44.6%, respectively; all P > 0.05). Registry-derived patients had significant less disability than the corresponding randomized clinical trial controls (ordinal modified Rankin Scale (mRS) shift odds ratio (OR), P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion Our study provides favorable generalizability data for the safety and efficacy of thrombectomy in the “real-world” setting and supports that patients may be safely treated outside the constraints of randomized clinical trials.
Endovascular therapy in patients with large vessel occlusion due to cardioembolism versus large-artery atherosclerosis
Authors: Zotter Meredeth , Piechowiak Eike I. , Balasubramaniam Rupashani , Von Martial Rascha , Genceviciute Kotryna , Blanquet Marisa , Slavova Nedelina , Sarikaya Hakan , Arnold Marcel , Gralla Jan , Jung Simon , Fischer Urs , El-Koussy Marwan , Heldner Mirjam R. 
Published: March 2021

Background and aims: To investigate whether stroke aetiology affects outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke who undergo endovascular therapy. Methods: We retrospectively analysed patients from the Bernese Stroke Centre Registry (January 2010–September 2018), with acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation due to cardioembolism or large-artery atherosclerosis, treated with endovascular therapy (±intravenous thrombolysis). Results: The study included 850 patients (median age 77.4 years, 49.3% female, 80.1% with cardioembolism). Compared with those with large-artery atherosclerosis, patients with cardioembolism were older, more often female, and more likely to have a history of hypercholesterolaemia, atrial fibrillation, current smoking (each p < 0.0001) and higher median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores on admission ( p = 0.030). They were more frequently treated with stent retrievers ( p = 0.007), but the median number of stent retriever attempts was lower ( p = 0.016) and fewer had permanent stent placements ( p ⩽ 0.004). Univariable analysis showed that patients with cardioembolism had worse 3-month survival [72.7% versus 84%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.51; p = 0.004] and modified Rankin scale (mRS) score shift ( p = 0.043) and higher rates of post-interventional heart failure (33.5% versus 18.5%, OR = 2.22; p < 0.0001), but better modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score shift ( p = 0.025). Excellent (mRS = 0–1) 3-month outcome, successful reperfusion (mTICI = 2b–3), symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage and Updated Charlson Comorbidity Index were similar between groups. Propensity-matched analysis found no statistically significant difference in outcome between stroke aetiology groups. Stroke aetiology was not an independent predictor of favourable mRS score shift, but lower admission NIHSS score, younger age and independence pre-stroke were (each p < 0.0001). Stroke aetiology was not an independent predictor of heart failure, but older age, admission antithrombotics and dependence pre-stroke were (each ⩽0.027). Stroke aetiology was not an independent predictor of favourable mTICI score shift, but application of stent retriever and no permanent intracranial stent placement were (each ⩽0.044). Conclusion: We suggest prospective studies to further elucidate differences in reperfusion and outcome between patients with cardioembolism and large-artery atherosclerosis.
A common model for the breathlessness experience across cardiorespiratory disease
Authors: Finnegan Sarah L. , Pattinson Kyle T.S. , Sundh Josefin , Sköld Magnus , Janson Christer , Blomberg Anders , Sandberg Jacob , Ekström Magnus 
Published: March 2021

Chronic breathlessness occurs across many different conditions, often independently of disease severity. Yet, despite being strongly linked to adverse outcomes, the consideration of chronic breathlessness as a stand-alone therapeutic target remains limited. Here we use data-driven techniques to identify and confirm the stability of underlying features (factors) driving breathlessness across different cardiorespiratory diseases.Questionnaire data on 182 participants with main diagnoses of asthma (21.4%), COPD (24.7%), heart failure (19.2%), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (18.7%), other interstitial lung disease (2.7%), and “other diagnoses” (13.2%) were entered into an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Participants were stratified based on their EFA factor scores. We then examined model stability using 6-month follow-up data and established the most compact set of measures describing the breathlessness experience.In this dataset, we have identified four stable factors that underlie the experience of breathlessness. These factors were assigned the following descriptive labels: 1) body burden, 2) affect/mood, 3) breathing burden and 4) anger/frustration. Stratifying patients by their scores across the four factors revealed two groups corresponding to high and low burden. These two groups were not related to the primary disease diagnosis and remained stable after 6 months.In this work, we identified and confirmed the stability of underlying features of breathlessness. Previous work in this domain has been largely limited to single-diagnosis patient groups without subsequent re-testing of model stability. This work provides further evidence supporting disease independent approaches to assess breathlessness.
Spectrum of childhood interstitial and diffuse lung diseases at a tertiary hospital in Egypt
Authors: Abdelhady Salma G. , Fouda Eman M. , Shaheen Malak A. , Ghazal Faten A. , Mostafa Ahmed M. , Osman Ahmed M. , Nicholson Andrew G. , Hamza Heba M. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundChildhood interstitial and diffuse lung diseases (chILD) encompass a broad spectrum of rare pulmonary disorders. In most developing Middle Eastern countries, chILD is still underdiagnosed. Our objective was to describe and investigate patients diagnosed with chILD in a tertiary university hospital in Egypt.MethodsWe analysed data of consecutive subjects (aged <18 years) referred for further evaluation at the Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University (Cairo, Egypt). Diagnosis of chILD was made in accordance with the ChILD-EU criteria. The following information was obtained: demographic data, clinical characteristics, chest computed tomography findings, laboratory studies, spirometry, bronchoalveolar lavage and histopathology findings.Results22 subjects were enrolled over 24 months. Median age at diagnosis was 7 years (range 3.5–14 years). The most common manifestations were dyspnoea (100%), cough (90.9%), clubbing (95.5%) and tachypnoea (90.9%). Systematic evaluation led to the following diagnoses: hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n=3), idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (n=4), chILD related to chronic granulomatous disease (n=3), chILD related to small airways disease (n=3), post-infectious chILD (n=2), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (n=2), idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis (n=2), granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (n=1), systemic sclerosis (n=1) and familial interstitial lung disease (n=1). Among the subjects who completed the diagnostic evaluation (n=19), treatment was changed in 13 (68.4%) subjects.ConclusionSystematic evaluation and multidisciplinary peer review of chILD patients at our tertiary hospital led to changes in management in 68% of the patients. This study highlights the need for an Egyptian chILD network with genetic testing, as well as the value of collaborating with international groups in improving healthcare for children with chILD.
Long noncoding RNA CASC7 inhibits the proliferation and migration of papillary thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting miR-34a-5p
Authors: Sun Wencong , Yin Detao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in the progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, the expression and function of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 7 (CASC7) in PTC remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of CASC7 in regulating PTC cell behavior. The expression of CASC7, miR-34a-5p, and tumor protein P73 (TP73) was determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry following Annexin V and PI staining. Cell migration was determined by Transwell migration assay. The interaction between miR-34a-5p and CASC7 or TP73 was examined by luciferase reporter assay. CASC7 and TP73 expression were significantly lower, whereas miR-34a-5p expression was higher in PTC tissues than the adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, CASC7 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and migration, whereas facilitated cell apoptosis in human PTC cell lines (K1 and TPC-1). Mechanistically, CASC7 acted as a sponge of miR-34a-5p to upregulate TP73 expression. Moreover, miR-34a-5p mimic transfection could abate the CASC7-regulated PTC cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Collectively, CASC7 inhibited the proliferation and migration of PTC cells by sponging miR-34a-5p to upregulate TP73 expression.