bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of active travel with adiposity among children and socioeconomic differentials: a longitudinal study
Authors: Laverty Anthony A , Hone Thomas , Goodman Anna , Kelly Yvonne , Millett Christopher 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesExamine longitudinal associations between modes of travel to school and adiposity.SettingThe UK.Participants8432 children surveyed at ages 7, 11 and 14 years from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.Primary and secondary outcomesObjective percentage body fat and body mass index (BMI). Transport mode was categorised as private motorised transport, public transport and active transport (walking or cycling). Socioeconomic position (SEP) was measured by household income group and occupational social class. We adjusted analyses for changes in the country of UK, frequency of eating breakfast, self-reported growth spurts, hours of screen time and days per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Longitudinal (panel) regression models adjusting for individual fixed effects examined associations in changes in mode of travel to school and adiposity, controlling for both time-varying and time-invariant potential confounders. Interaction tests and stratified analyses investigated differences by markers of SEP.ResultsAt age 14 years, 26.1% of children (2198) reported using private motorised transport, 35.3% (2979) used public transport and 38.6% (3255) used active transport to get to school. 36.6% (3083) of children changed mode two times between the three waves and 50.7% (4279) changed once. Compared with continuing to use private transport, switching to active transport was associated with a lower BMI (−0.21 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.31 to −0.10) and body fat (−0.55%, 95% CI −0.80% to −0.31%). Switching to public transport was associated with lower percentage body fat (−0.43%, 95% CI −0.75% to −0.12%), but associations with BMI did not reach statistical significance (−0.13 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.26 to 0.01). Interaction tests showed a trend for these effects to be stronger in more deprived groups, but these interactions did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionThis longitudinal study during a key life course period found switching to physically active forms of travel can have beneficial adiposity impacts; these associations may be more apparent for more disadvantaged children. Increasing active travel has potential to ameliorate inequalities.
Comparing quality of primary healthcare between public and private providers in China: study protocol of a cross-sectional study using unannounced standardised patients in seven provinces of China
Authors: Xu Dong , Pan Jay , Dai Xiaochen , Hu Mengyao , Cai Yiyuan , He Hua , Zhang Yaoguang , Liao Jing , Chen Yaolong , Gong Wenjie , Zhou Zhongliang , Zhang Nan , Wang Xiaohui , Chan Kwun Chuen Gary , YING Xiaohua , Cai Yue , Wang Ruixin , Xue Qingping , Yip Chi-Man (Winnie) 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThe Chinese government has encouraged the development of private sector in delivering healthcare, including primary healthcare (PHC) in the new round of national health reform since 2009. However, the debate about the role of the private sector in achieving universal health coverage continues with poor support from theories and empirical evidence. This study intends to compare the quality of PHC services between the private and public providers in seven provinces in China, using unannounced standardised patients (USPs).MethodsWe are developing and validating 13 USP cases most commonly observed in the PHC setting. Six domains of quality will be assessed by the USP: effectiveness, safety, patient centredness, efficiency, timeliness and equity. The USP will make 2200 visits to 705 public and 521 private PHC institutions across seven provinces, following a multistage clustered sample design. Using each USP-provider encounter as the analytical unit, we will first descriptively compare the raw differences in quality between the private and public providers and then analyse the association of ownership types and quality, using propensity score weighting.Ethics and disseminationThe study was primarily funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#71974211, #71874116 and # 72074163) and was also supported by the China Medical Board (#16-260, #18-300 and #18-301), and have received ethical approval from Sun Yat-sen University (#2019–024). The validated USP tool and the data collected in this study will be freely available for the public after the primary analysis of the study.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry: #ChiCTR2000032773.
Comparing the cumulative live birth rate of cleavage-stage versus blastocyst-stage embryo transfers between IVF cycles: a study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled superiority trial (the ToF trial)
Authors: Cornelisse Simone , Ramos Liliana , Arends Brigitte , Brink-van der Vlugt Janneke J , de Bruin Jan Peter , Curfs Max HJN , Derhaag Josien , van Dongen Angelique , van Echten-Arends Jannie , Groenewoud Eva R , Maas Jacques WM , Pieterse Quirine , van Santbrink Evert JP , Slappendel Els , Traas Maaike AF , Visser Jantien , Vergouw Carlijn G , Verhoeve Harold R , van der Westerlaken Lucette AJ , Wurth Yvonne , van der Zanden Moniek , Braat Didi DM , van Wely Madelon , Mastenbroek Sebastiaan , Fleischer Kathrin 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionIn vitro fertilisation (IVF) has evolved as an intervention of choice to help couples with infertility to conceive. In the last decade, a strategy change in the day of embryo transfer has been developed. Many IVF centres choose nowadays to transfer at later stages of embryo development, for example, transferring embryos at blastocyst stage instead of cleavage stage. However, it still is not known which embryo transfer policy in IVF is more efficient in terms of cumulative live birth rate (cLBR), following a fresh and the subsequent frozen–thawed transfers after one oocyte retrieval. Furthermore, studies reporting on obstetric and neonatal outcomes from both transfer policies are limited.Methods and analysisWe have set up a multicentre randomised superiority trial in the Netherlands, named the Three or Fivetrial. We plan to include 1200 women with an indication for IVF with at least four embryos available on day 2 after the oocyte retrieval. Women are randomly allocated to either (1) control group: embryo transfer on day 3 and cryopreservation of supernumerary good-quality embryos on day 3 or 4, or (2) intervention group: embryo transfer on day 5 and cryopreservation of supernumerary good-quality embryos on day 5 or 6. The primary outcome is the cLBR per oocyte retrieval. Secondary outcomes include LBR following fresh transfer, multiple pregnancy rate and time until pregnancy leading a live birth. We will also assess the obstetric and neonatal outcomes, costs and patients’ treatment burden.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Central Committee on Research involving Human Subjects in the Netherlands in June 2018 (CCMO NL 64060.000.18). The results of this trial will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed and in open access journals.Trial registration numberNetherlands Trial Register (NL 6857).
Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family mental health in Canada: findings from a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Gadermann Anne C , Thomson Kimberly C , Richardson Chris G , Gagné Monique , McAuliffe Corey , Hirani Saima , Jenkins Emily 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesIn the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation, school/child care closures and employment instability have created unprecedented conditions for families raising children at home. This study describes the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with children in Canada.Design, setting and participantsThis descriptive study used a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of adults living in Canada (n=3000) to examine the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcomes among parents with children <18 years old living at home (n=618) were compared with the rest of the sample. Data were collected via an online survey between 14 May to 29 May 2020.Outcome measuresParticipants reported on changes to their mental health since the onset of the pandemic and sources of stress, emotional responses, substance use patterns and suicidality/self-harm. Additionally, parents identified changes in their interactions with their children, impacts on their children’s mental health and sources of support accessed.Results44.3% of parents with children <18 years living at home reported worse mental health as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with 35.6% of respondents without children <18 living at home, χ2 (1, n=3000)=16.2, p<0.001. More parents compared with the rest of the sample reported increased alcohol consumption (27.7% vs 16.1%, χ2 (1, n=3000)=43.8, p<0.001), suicidal thoughts/feelings (8.3% vs 5.2%, χ2 (1, n=3000)=8.0, p=0.005) and stress about being safe from physical/emotional domestic violence (11.5% vs 7.9%, χ2 (1, n=3000)=8.1, p=0.005). 24.8% (95% CI 21.4 to 28.4) of parents reported their children’s mental health had worsened since the pandemic. Parents also reported more frequent negative as well as positive interactions with their children due to the pandemic (eg, more conflicts, 22.2% (95% CI 19.0 to 25.7); increased feelings of closeness, 49.7% (95% CI 45.7 to 53.7)).ConclusionsThis study identifies that families with children <18 at home have experienced deteriorated mental health due to the pandemic. Population-level responses are required to adequately respond to families’ diverse needs and mitigate the potential for widening health and social inequities for parents and children.
Antidepressant use and interpersonal violence perpetration: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Keen Claire , Foulds James A , Willoughby Melissa , Newton-Howes Giles , Knight Josh , Fazel Seena , Borschmann Rohan , Kinner Stuart A , Young Jesse T 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThere are conflicting perspectives as to whether antidepressant medication increases, decreases or has no effect on violence perpetration, impulsivity and aggressive behaviour. This is an important question given the widespread use of antidepressant medication and the significant medical, social, legal and health consequences of violence. We aim to: (1) systematically identify observational studies and randomised controlled trials that quantify the relationship between antidepressant use and interpersonal violence; (2) assess the quality of studies that quantify the relationship between antidepressant use and interpersonal violence and (3) estimate the pooled prevalence and measure of effect for the relationship between antidepressant use and interpersonal violence.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and the Cochrane Library for relevant peer-reviewed literature. Our primary outcome is the perpetration of violent acts directed at others. Our secondary outcome is physical, interpersonal aggression measured through validated surveys. We will include randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and case–control studies that examine the association between the use of antidepressants and violence perpetration and/or physical aggression. No restrictions will be placed on the population. We will use the Methodological Standard for Epidemiological Research scale to assess the quality of included studies. We will provide an overview of the included studies and assess heterogeneity and publication bias. If there are sufficient studies, we will conduct meta-analyses to examine the possible association between antidepressants and violence, and undertake meta-regression to examine the effect of antidepressant class, length of follow-up, age of participants and population subgroups on the association between antidepressants and violence.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required. Our findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal article and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration detailsCRD42020175474.
Effect of prosocial public health messages for population behaviour change in relation to respiratory infections: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Grimani Aikaterini , Bonell Chris , Michie Susan , Antonopoulou Vivi , Kelly Michael P , Vlaev Ivo 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic represents a major societal challenge that requires large-scale behaviour change, widespread collective action and cooperation to reduce viral transmission. Existing literature indicates that several messaging approaches may be effective, including emphasising the benefits to the recipient, aligning with the recipient’s moral values and focusing on protecting others. Current research suggests that prosocial public health messages that highlight behaviours linked to societal benefits (eg, protecting ‘each other’), rather than focusing on behaviours that protect oneself (eg, protecting ‘yourself’), may be a more effective method for communicating strategies related to infectious disease. To investigate this we will conduct a systematic review that will identify what messages and behaviour change techniques have the potential to optimise the effect on population behaviour in relation to reducing transmission of respiratory infections.Methods and analysisA systematic literature search of published and unpublished studies (including grey literature) in electronic databases will be conducted to identify those that meet our inclusion criteria. The search will be run in four electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Scopus. We will also conduct supplementary searches in databases of ‘grey’ literature such as PsycEXTRA, Social Science Research Network and OSF PREPRINTS, and use the Google Scholar search engine. A systematic approach to searching, screening, reviewing and data extraction will be applied based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Titles, abstracts and full texts for eligibility will be examined independently by researchers. The quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions tool. Disagreements will be resolved by a consensus procedure.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been registered with PROSPERO. No ethical approval is required, as there will be no collection of primary data. The synthesised findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020198874.
Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19
Authors: Strausz Satu , Kiiskinen Tuomo , Broberg Martin , Ruotsalainen Sanni , Koskela Jukka , Bachour Adel ,   FinnGen, Palotie Aarno , Palotie Tuula , Ripatti Samuli , Ollila Hanna M. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with higher body mass index (BMI), diabetes, older age and male gender, which are all risk factors for severe COVID-19.We aimed to study if OSA is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection or for severe COVID-19.MethodsOSA diagnosis and COVID-19 infection were extracted from the hospital discharge, causes of death and infectious diseases registries in individuals who participated in the FinnGen study (n=260 405). Severe COVID-19 was defined as COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine association. Comorbidities for either COVID-19 or OSA were selected as covariates. We performed a meta-analysis with previous studies.ResultsWe identified 445 individuals with COVID-19, and 38 (8.5%) of them with OSA of whom 19 out of 91 (20.9%) were hospitalised. OSA associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation independent from age, sex, BMI and comorbidities (p-unadjusted=5.13×10−5, OR-adjusted=2.93 (95% CI 1.02 to 8.39), p-adjusted=0.045). OSA was not associated with the risk of contracting COVID-19 (p=0.25). A meta-analysis of OSA and severe COVID-19 showed association across 15 835 COVID-19 positive controls, and n=1294 patients with OSA with severe COVID-19 (OR=2.37 (95% 1.14 to 4.95), p=0.021).ConclusionRisk for contracting COVID-19 was the same for patients with OSA and those without OSA. In contrast, among COVID-19 positive patients, OSA was associated with higher risk for hospitalisation. Our findings are in line with earlier works and suggest OSA as an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19.
Intracranial hematoma and abscess after neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia: a review of the literature describing 297 cases
Authors: Bos Elke ME , van der Lee Koen , Haumann Johan , de Quelerij Marcel , Vandertop W Peter , Kalkman Cor J , Hollmann Markus W , Lirk Philipp 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundBesides spinal complications, intracranial hematoma or abscess may occur after neuraxial block. Risk factors and outcome remain unclear.ObjectiveThis review evaluates characteristics, treatment and recovery of patients with intracranial complications after neuraxial block.Evidence reviewWe systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library from their inception to May 2020 for case reports/series, cohort studies and reviews of intracranial hematoma or abscess associated with neuraxial block. Quality of evidence was assessed using the critical appraisal of a case study checklist by Crombie.FindingsWe analyzed 232 reports, including 291 patients with hematoma and six patients with abscess/empyema. The major part of included studies comprised single case reports with a high risk of bias. Of the patients with hematoma, 48% concerned obstetric patients, the remainder received neuraxial block for various perioperative indications or pain management. Prior dural puncture was reported in 81%, either intended (eg, spinal anesthesia) or unintended (eg, complicated epidural catheter placement). Headache was described in 217 patients; in 101 patients, symptoms resembled postdural puncture headache (PDPH). After treatment, 11% had partial or no recovery and 8% died, indicating the severity of this complication. Intracranial abscess after neuraxial block is seldom reported; six reports were found.ConclusionDiagnosis of intracranial hematoma is often missed initially, as headache is assumed to be caused by cerebrospinal hypotension due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage, known as PDPH. Prolonged headache without improvement, worsening symptoms despite treatment or epidural blood patch, change of headache from postural to non-postural or new neurological signs should alert physicians to alternative diagnoses.
Different responses of apoptotic, inflammatory and heat shock protein gene expression to a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise between physically active and inactive men
Authors: Vardar S.A. , Doğanlar Z.B. , Kaya O. , Tayfur P. , Sut N. , Doğanlar O. 
Published: January 2021

High mechanical load of muscles may induce muscular apoptosis on the one hand and adaptation to exercise on the other. This study aimed to explore whether changes of circulatory levels of inflammation, apoptosis and heat shock proteins (HSPs) messenger RNA (mRNA) following single bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) differs between physically active (PA) and inactive (PI) men. Nine PA and 9 PI (peak oxygen consumption: 2.6 ± 0.4 vs. 2.0 ± 0.2 L·min−1) healthy men (age: 28.7 ± 6.3 vs. 30.2 ± 4.5 years and body mass index: 2.6 ± 2.1 vs. 23.3 ± 2.8 kg·m−2) performed HIIE, comprising 4 repeats of a Wingate test (load: 0.050 kg·kg−1body weight). Blood samples were collected before exercise, 5 min after HIIE, and 24 h after HIIE for measuring mRNA of inflammation markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), apoptosis markers including Bcl-2, Bax, and HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90 using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Post-HIIE IL-6, TNFα and HSP60 were higher in the PI than the PA group 5 min after exercise (p = 0.003, effect size (ES) = 1.59; p = 0.007, ES = 1.59 and p = 0.027, ES = 1.10 respectively). HSP70 acutely increased only in the PA group (p = 0.024, ES = 1.20). The increase in Bcl-2 (p = 0.047, ES = 1.08) and Bax (p = 0.024, ES = 1.20) levels were higher in the PI group 5 min after HIIE. The present study indicated that the response of inflammatory, apoptosis and HSP gene expressions to HIIE in blood of healthy male volunteers strongly depends on their level of regular physical activity.Novelty: Blood IL-6 and HSP60 mRNA levels following high intensity exercise may indicate metabolic stress. Increased blood HSP70 mRNA in physically active men may show an alternative apoptosis suppression pathway.
On perturbation theory and critical exponents for self-similar systems
Authors: Hatefi Ehsan , Kuntz Adrien 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGravitational critical collapse in the Einstein-axion-dilaton system is known to lead to continuous self-similar solutions characterized by the Choptuik critical exponent $$\gamma $$
γ
. We complete the existing literature on the subject by computing the linear perturbation equations in the case where the axion-dilaton system assumes a parabolic form. Next, we solve the perturbation equations in a newly discovered self-similar solution in the hyperbolic case, which allows us to extract the Choptuik exponent. Our main result is that this exponent depends not only on the dimensions of spacetime but also the particular ansatz and the critical solutions that one started with.
Probing neutron-hidden neutron transitions with the MURMUR experiment
Authors: Stasser Coraline , Terwagne Guy , Lamblin Jacob , Méplan Olivier , Pignol Guillaume , Coupé Bernard , Kalcheva Silva , Van Dyck Steven , Sarrazin Michaël 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMURMUR is a new passing-through-walls neutron experiment designed to constrain neutron-hidden neutron transitions allowed in the context of braneworld scenarios or mirror matter models. A nuclear reactor can act as a source of hidden neutrons, such that neutrons travel through a hidden world or sector. Hidden neutrons can propagate out of the nuclear core and far beyond the biological shielding. However, hidden neutrons can weakly interact with usual matter, making possible for their detection in the context of low-noise measurements. In the present work, the novelty rests on a better background discrimination and the use of a mass of a material – here lead – able to enhance regeneration of hidden neutrons into visible ones to improve detection. The input of this new setup is studied using both modelizations and experiments, thanks to tests currently performed with the experiment at the BR2 research nuclear reactor (SCK$$\cdot $$
·
CEN, Mol, Belgium). A new limit on the neutron swapping probability p has been derived thanks to the measurements taken during the BR2 Cycle 02/2019A: $$p<4.0\times 10^{-10} \; \text {at 95}\%\text { CL}$$

p
<
4.0
×

10

-
10

at 95
%

CL

. This constraint is better than the bound from the previous passing-through-wall neutron experiment made at ILL in 2015, despite BR2 is less efficient to generate hidden neutrons by a factor of 7.4, thus raising the interest of such experiment using regenerating materials.