bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIV-8 Effect of pre-grazing herbage mass, post-grazing sward height and finishing diet on performance of late-maturing beef steers
Authors: Doyle Peter R , McGee Mark , Moloney Aidan P , Kelly Alan K , O’Riordan Edward G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Grazing sward structure can influence animal performance in forage-only and forage plus concentrate-based production systems. The objective was to determine the effects of pre-grazing herbage mass (PGHM), post-grazing sward height (PGSH) and indoor finishing diet on performance of weaned, spring-born beef steers. Steers (n = 96, ca. 12 months of age, 396 ± 20.1 kg) previously fed grass silage only over the first winter, were assigned to one of twelve grazing groups, balanced for live weight. Grazing groups were randomly assigned to a two PGHM (1500 or 2500 kg DM/ha) × two PGSH (4 or 6 cm) factorial arrangement of treatments (n = 3 groups/treatment). Steers rotationally grazed Lolium perenne-dominant swards (not mechanically topped) for 222 days. Steers were then accommodated indoors and offered grass silage only (SO) or grass silage + 3.8 kg concentrate DM/head daily (SC) for a 146 day finishing period. Data were analysed using the mixed procedure of SAS with terms for PGHM, PGSH, finishing diet and their interactions in the model. Grazed herbage intake was unaffected by PGHM but was greater for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4 (6.94 vs. 6.18 kg DM/day; P &lt; 0.001). Steer average daily gain at pasture was greater for PGHM-1500 than PGHM-2500 (0.65 vs. 0.60 kg; P &lt; 0.05) and for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4 (0.70 vs. 0.55 kg; P &lt; 0.001). After indoor finishing, carcass weight was unaffected by PGHM, but was heavier for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4 (386 vs. 367 kg; P &lt; 0.01); carcass traits were unaffected by PGHM or PGSH. Carcasses were heavier (+43 kg), fatter (P &lt; 0.001) and more conformed (P &lt; 0.01) for SC than SO. In conclusion, both PGHM-2500 and PGSH-4 restricted animal growth at pasture; however, following an indoor finishing period, carcass weight did not differ between PGHM, but was heavier for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4.
PSIV-13 Effects of oral administration of vitamin E and selenium on stress indicators and oxidative biomarkers in road- transported pregnant Holstein heifer
Authors: Jung da Jin Sol , Kim Do Hyun , Beak Seok-Hyeon , Cho In Gu , Hong Soo Jong , Lee Jae Sung , Lee Jinoh , Kim HyunJin , MalekKhahi Mohammad , Baik Myunggi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigated the effects of oral administration of vitamin E and selenium (ESe) on oxidative stress biomarkers in road-transported pregnant heifers. Thirty-six pregnant Holstein heifers (body weight 515 ± 48.3 kg and age 524 ± 42.4 days) were assigned to four treatments: no transportation with no administration of ESe (NTR-NESe, n = 10); no transportation with oral administration of ESe (70 IU DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg of DM and 0.3 mg sodium selenite/kg of DM; NTR-ESe, n = 10); transportation with no administration (TR-NESe, n = 8); transportation with oral administration of ESe (TR-ESe, n = 8). Two trucks (8 heifers/truck) were used for the 200 km transportation. Blood was collected h 1 before, immediately after transportation (h 0), h 6, h 24 and h 48 after transportation. The TR × time and ESe × time effects were observed (P &lt; 0.01) for plasma cortisol concentration, indicating that TR heifers had higher plasma cortisol concentrations than NTR heifers and that ESe-administrated heifers had lower plasma cortisol concentrations than NESe heifers at h 0 after transportation. The TR and ESe effects were observed (P &lt; 0.01) for plasma haptoglobin (Hp) concentration. The TR increased Hp concentration at h 6 and h 24 after transportation, and ESe decreased Hp concentration in the transported heifers. The ESe (P = 0.02) and ESe × time interaction (P &lt; 0.01) effects were observed for plasma total oxidative status (TOS) concentrations. The TR increased plasma TOS concentrations at h 0, and the ESe decreased plasma TOS concentrations in transported heifers. In contrast, the TR decreased (P &lt; 0.05) plasma TAS concentrations at h 6 and h 24 after transportation, and the ESe increased (P &lt; 0.05) plasma TAS concentrations in the transported heifers. These results suggest that transportation induces oxidative stress and the ESe may alleviate oxidative stress in the transported heifers.
Phenotypic Assortment Changes the Landscape of Selection
Authors: Brodie Edmund D , Cook Phoebe A , Costello Robin A , Formica Vincent A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSocial interactions with conspecifics can dramatically affect an individual’s fitness. The positive or negative consequences of interacting with social partners typically depend on the value of traits that they express. These pathways of social selection connect the traits and genes expressed in some individuals to the fitness realized by others, thereby altering the total phenotypic selection on and evolutionary response of traits across the multivariate phenotype. The downstream effects of social selection are mediated by the patterns of phenotypic assortment between focal individuals and their social partners (the interactant covariance, Cij′, or the multivariate form, CI). Depending on the sign and magnitude of the interactant covariance, the direction of social selection can be reinforced, reversed, or erased. We report estimates of Cij′ from a variety of studies of forked fungus beetles to address the largely unexplored questions of consistency and plasticity of phenotypic assortment in natural populations. We found that phenotypic assortment of male beetles based on body size or horn length was highly variable among subpopulations, but that those differences also were broadly consistent from year to year. At the same time, the strength and direction of Cij′ changed quickly in response to experimental changes in resource distribution and social properties of populations. Generally, interactant covariances were more negative in contexts in which the number of social interactions was greater in both field and experimental situations. These results suggest that patterns of phenotypic assortment could be important contributors to variability in multilevel selection through their mediation of social selection gradients.
Psycho-social wellbeing in migration studies—the potential of the concept of actionability
Authors: Saar Maarja , Nase Marco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Psycho-social wellbeing has been difficult to define for social sciences as it stands now. In migration research, studies usually rely on belonging, social interactions, or structural problems which migrants encounter upon arrival. All these approaches provide relevant insights, but struggle to address the more individual and psycho-social aspects of the migration process and subsequent adaptation period. This article proposes to shift the focus away from the internal world of the migrant, which is challenging for most social sciences to measure, and instead consider their outward actions. To this end, we introduce the concept of actionability, a term which is to be understood as an individual’s ability to formulate and execute long-term plans based on their perceived needs, desires, and concerns. The idea of actionability allows us to assess how migrants interact with their environment and can formulate and successfully execute plans. By using 37 interviews with highly skilled Estonian migrants in UK, the article suggests that actionability is tightly connected to reflexive modes, developed by Archer, and that certain reflexive types have predictable patterns in how they react to the migration experience.
Kinematics beats dust: unveiling nested substructure in the perturbed outer disc of the Milky Way
Authors: Laporte Chervin F P , Koposov Sergey E , Belokurov Vasily 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We use the Gaia eDR3 data and legacy spectroscopic surveys to map the Milky Way disc substructure towards the Galactic Anticentre at heliocentric distances $d\ge 10\, \rm {kpc}$. We report the discovery of multiple previously undetected new filaments embedded in the outer disc in highly extincted regions. Stars in these overdensities have distance gradients expected for disc material and move on disc-like orbits with $v_{\phi }\sim 170{-}230\, \rm {km\, s^{-1}}$, showing small spreads in energy. Such a morphology argues against a quiescently growing Galactic thin disc. Some of these structures are interpreted as excited outer disc material, kicked up by satellite impacts and currently undergoing phase mixing (disc streams, ‘feathers’). Due to the long time-scale in the outer disc regions, these structures can stay coherent in configuration space over several Gyrs. We nevertheless note that some of these structures could also be folds in the perturbed disc seen in projection from the Sun’s location. A full 6D phase–space characterization and age dating of these structures should help distinguish between the two possible morphologies.
Remarkably LowKIRandHLADiversity in Amerindians Reveals Signatures of Strong Purifying Selection Shaping the CentromericKIRRegion
Authors: de Brito Vargas Luciana , Beltrame Marcia H , Ho Brenda , Marin Wesley M , Dandekar Ravi , Montero-Martín Gonzalo , Fernández-Viña Marcelo A , Hurtado A Magdalena , Hill Kim R , Tsuneto Luiza T , Hutz Mara H , Salzano Francisco M , Petzl-Erler Maria Luiza , Hollenbach Jill A , Augusto Danillo G 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules to regulate the cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of natural killer cells. KIR genes are encoded by a rapidly evolving gene family on chromosome 19 and present an unusual variation of presence and absence of genes and high allelic diversity. Although many studies have associated KIR polymorphism with susceptibility to several diseases over the last decades, the high-resolution allele-level haplotypes have only recently started to be described in populations. Here, we use a highly innovative custom next-generation sequencing method that provides a state-of-art characterization of KIR and HLA diversity in 706 individuals from eight unique South American populations: five Amerindian populations from Brazil (three Guarani and two Kaingang); one Amerindian population from Paraguay (Aché); and two urban populations from Southern Brazil (European and Japanese descendants from Curitiba). For the first time, we describe complete high-resolution KIR haplotypes in South American populations, exploring copy number, linkage disequilibrium, and KIR–HLA interactions. We show that all Amerindians analyzed to date exhibit the lowest numbers of KIR–HLA interactions among all described worldwide populations, and that 83–97% of their KIR–HLA interactions rely on a few HLA-C molecules. Using multiple approaches, we found signatures of strong purifying selection on the KIR centromeric region, which codes for the strongest NK cell educator receptors, possibly driven by the limited HLA diversity in these populations. Our study expands the current knowledge of KIR genetic diversity in populations to understand KIR–HLA coevolution and its impact on human health and survival.
HI-NESS: a family of genetically encoded DNA labels based on a bacterial nucleoid-associated protein
Authors: Rashid Fatema-Zahra M , Mahlandt Eike , van der Vaart Michiel , Boer Daphne E C , Varela Alvarez Monica , Henneman Bram , Brocken Daan J W , Voskamp Patrick , Blok Anneloes J , Shimizu Thomas S , Meijer Annemarie H , Luijsterburg Martijn S , Goedhart Joachim , Crémazy Frédéric G E , Dame Remus T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The interplay between three-dimensional chromosome organisation and genomic processes such as replication and transcription necessitates in vivo studies of chromosome dynamics. Fluorescent organic dyes are often used for chromosome labelling in vivo. The mode of binding of these dyes to DNA cause its distortion, elongation, and partial unwinding. The structural changes induce DNA damage and interfere with the binding dynamics of chromatin-associated proteins, consequently perturbing gene expression, genome replication, and cell cycle progression. We have developed a minimally-perturbing, genetically encoded fluorescent DNA label consisting of a (photo-switchable) fluorescent protein fused to the DNA-binding domain of H-NS — a bacterial nucleoid-associated protein. We show that this DNA label, abbreviated as HI-NESS (H-NS-based indicator for nucleic acid stainings), is minimally-perturbing to genomic processes and labels chromosomes in eukaryotic cells in culture, and in zebrafish embryos with preferential binding to AT-rich chromatin.
Mental health care utilization by first responders after Paris attacks
Authors: Motreff Y , Pirard P , Vuillermoz C , Rabet G , Petitclerc M , Stene L Eilin , Baubet T , Chauvin P , Vandentorren S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
First responders (FRs) are frequently exposed to potentially traumatic events, including terror attacks, and may consequently be at risk of developing mental health disorders. Prior research suggests that FRs with mental health disorders often do not receive appropriate treatment. More knowledge is needed about their use of mental health care (MHC).

Aims
This study aimed to identify factors associated with receiving immediate support, post-immediate support and engagement in MHC among FRs of the November 2015 terror attacks in Paris.

Methods
A web-based study was conducted 8–12 months after the attacks on 663 FRs who were mobilized during the night and/or the aftermath of the attacks. Logistic regression was performed to analyse factors associated with MHC.

Results
Overall, 44 FRs sought MHC. Among FRs with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), partial PTSD or depression (n = 60), 38% sought MHC (n = 23). Post-immediate support was associated with immediate support, and both were associated with knowing someone who could help regarding the potential psychological risks following a traumatic event. MHC engagement was associated with a history of MHC, post-immediate support and the presence of PTSD, partial PTSD or depression.

Conclusions
Among FRs with PTSD, partial PTSD or depression, few sought MHC. Improved access to MHC for FRs after terror attacks is essential. Knowing someone who could help regarding potential psychological risks may facilitate immediate and/or post-immediate support. Furthermore, post-immediate support could encourage engagement in MHC. Efforts should be made before and after potentially traumatic events to ensure mental health education for FR.
Disentangling the stellar inclination of transiting planetary systems: Fully analytic approach to the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect incorporating the stellar differential rotation
Authors: Sasaki Shin , Suto Yasushi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Rossiter–McLaughlin (RM) effect has been widely used to estimate the sky-projected spin-orbit angle, λ, of transiting planetary systems. Most of the previous analysis assumes that the host stars are rigid rotators in which the amplitude of the RM velocity anomaly is proportional to v⋆ sin i⋆. When their latitudinal differential rotation is taken into account, one can break the degeneracy, and determine separately the equatorial rotation velocity v⋆ and the inclination i⋆ of the host star. We derive a fully analytic approximate formula for the RM effect adopting a parametrized model for the stellar differential rotation. For those stars that exhibit a differential rotation similar to that of the Sun, the corresponding RM velocity modulation amounts to several m s−1. We conclude that the latitudinal differential rotation offers a method to estimate i⋆, and thus the full spin-orbit angle ψ, from the RM data analysis alone.
The Meanings of a Port City Boundary: Calcutta’s Maratha Ditch, c.1700–1950
Authors: Ehrlich Joshua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Global histories have fixated on connections, notably in their treatment of colonial and postcolonial port cities. While such cities have been intensely connected places, however, they have also been intensely bounded ones. The present article takes as an example of this phenomenon the archetypal port city of Calcutta (now Kolkata) and its historical boundary, the Maratha Ditch. From the eighteenth century to the twentieth century, the ditch was a vital site of meaning-making that sustained lasting political, legal and social divisions. It separated Calcutta, in an evolving fusion of concrete and abstract, formal and informal ways, from the surrounding province of Bengal and from the rest of India. Nonetheless, for generations of rulers, citizens and outside observers, refiguring or repurposing the ditch was a means to remake the city. The story told here is instructive in two broad respects. Firstly, it suggests a new way to study the history of a port city like Calcutta: from its margins. Secondly, it provides the basis for a new historical geography of the urban world: one attentive to boundaries and connections alike.
A vector system for fast-forward studies of the HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE1 (ZAR1) resistosome in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Harant Adeline , Pai Hsuan , Sakai Toshiyuki , Kamoun Sophien , Adachi Hiroaki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nicotiana benthamiana has emerged as a complementary experimental system to Arabidopsis thaliana. It enables fast-forward in vivo analyses primarily through transient gene expression and is particularly popular in the study of plant immunity. Recently, our understanding of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) plant immune receptors has greatly advanced following the discovery of the Arabidopsis HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE1 (ZAR1) resistosome. Here, we describe a vector system of 72 plasmids that enables functional studies of the ZAR1 resistosome in N. benthamiana. We showed that ZAR1 stands out among the coiled coil class of NLRs (CC-NLRs) for being highly conserved across distantly related dicot plant species and confirmed NbZAR1 as the N. benthamiana ortholog of Arabidopsis ZAR1. Effector-activated and autoactive NbZAR1 triggers the cell death response in N. benthamiana and this activity is dependent on a functional N-terminal α1 helix. C-terminally tagged NbZAR1 remains functional in N. benthamiana, thus enabling cell biology and biochemical studies in this plant system. We conclude that the NbZAR1 open source pZA plasmid collection forms an additional experimental system to Arabidopsis for in planta resistosome studies.
Potassium transporter TRH1/KUP4 contributes to distinct auxin-mediated root system architecture responses
Authors: Templalexis Dimitris , Tsitsekian Dikran , Liu Chen , Daras Gerasimos , Šimura Jan , Moschou Panagiotis , Ljung Karin , Hatzopoulos Polydefkis , Rigas Stamatis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In plants, auxin transport and development are tightly coupled, just as hormone and growth responses are intimately linked in multicellular systems. Here we provide insights into uncoupling this tight control by specifically targeting the expression of TINY ROOT HAIR 1 (TRH1), a member of plant high-affinity potassium (K+)/K+ uptake/K+ transporter (HAK/KUP/KT) transporters that facilitate K+ uptake by co-transporting protons, in Arabidopsis root cell files. Use of this system pinpointed specific root developmental responses to acropetal versus basipetal auxin transport. Loss of TRH1 function shows TRHs and defective root gravitropism, associated with auxin imbalance in the root apex. Cell file-specific expression of TRH1 in the central cylinder rescued trh1 root agravitropism, whereas positional TRH1 expression in peripheral cell layers, including epidermis and cortex, restored trh1 defects. Applying a system-level approach, the role of RAP2.11 and ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE-LIKE 5 transcription factors (TFs) in root hair development was verified. Furthermore, ERF53 and WRKY51 TFs were overrepresented upon restoration of root gravitropism supporting involvement in gravitropic control. Auxin has a central role in shaping root system architecture by regulating multiple developmental processes. We reveal that TRH1 jointly modulates intracellular ionic gradients and cell-to-cell polar auxin transport to drive root epidermal cell differentiation and gravitropic response. Our results indicate the developmental importance of HAK/KUP/KT proton-coupled K+ transporters.
Asymmetric redundancy of soybean Nodule Inception (NIN) genes in root nodule symbiosis
Authors: Fu Mengdi , Sun Jiafeng , Li Xiaolin , Guan Yuefeng , Xie Fang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nodule Inception (NIN) is one of the most important root nodule symbiotic genes as it is required for both infection and nodule organogenesis in legumes. Unlike most legumes with a sole NIN gene, there are four putative orthologous NIN genes in soybean (Glycine max). Whether and how these NIN genes contribute to soybean–rhizobia symbiotic interaction remain unknown. In this study, we found that all four GmNIN genes are induced by rhizobia and that conserved CE and CYC binding motifs in their promoter regions are required for their expression in the nodule formation process. By generation of multiplex Gmnin mutants, we found that the Gmnin1a nin2a nin2b triple mutant and Gmnin1a nin1b nin2a nin2b quadruple mutant displayed similar defects in rhizobia infection and root nodule formation, Gmnin2a nin2b produced fewer nodules but displayed a hyper infection phenotype compared to wild type (WT), while the Gmnin1a nin1b double mutant nodulated similar to WT. Overexpression of GmNIN1a, GmNIN1b, GmNIN2a, and GmNIN2b reduced nodule numbers after rhizobia inoculation, with GmNIN1b overexpression having the weakest effect. In addition, overexpression of GmNIN1a, GmNIN2a, or GmNIN2b, but not GmNIN1b, produced malformed pseudo-nodule-like structures without rhizobia inoculation. In conclusion, GmNIN1a, GmNIN2a, and GmNIN2b play functionally redundant yet complicated roles in soybean nodulation. GmNIN1b, although expressed at a comparable level with the other homologs, plays a minor role in root nodule symbiosis. Our work provides insight into the understanding of the asymmetrically redundant function of GmNIN genes in soybean.