bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying adolescents in the early stage of psychosis: A screening checklist for referrers
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Chiri Luigi R. , Azzali Silvia , Garlassi Sara , Scazza Ilaria , Paterlini Federica , Poletti Michele , Pupo Simona , Raballo Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe early identification of adolescents at the onset of psychosis is crucial to provide effective interventions. The aim of this study is to examine the validity of the “early detection Primary Care Checklist” (PCC) in an Italian adolescent population. The PCC is a 20‐item tool designed to assist primary care practitioners in identifying young people with early psychosis.MethodsThe checklist was completed by the referring practitioners of 129 adolescents. The validity of this instrument was established by comparing screen results with the “Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States.”ResultsThe simple checklist had excellent 98% sensitivity, but low specificity (58%). Using only a PCC total score of ≥20 as cutoff, there was a substantial improvement in specificity (87%).ConclusionThe Italian version of the PCC performed well to identify adolescents in the early stage of psychosis and may be used in primary care settings.
Latinx adolescents' trust in adults: A precursor to psychological well‐being via mentoring relational quality and self‐esteem
Authors: O'Donnell Alexander J. , Sánchez Bernadette , Grant Kathryn E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to test a longitudinal model of trust in adults and psychological well‐being among Latinx adolescents, a population that has received little attention in the trust literature. The participants were urban, low‐income Latinx (N = 294) students at two urban, Midwestern high schools who indicated they had at least one natural mentor in 9th grade. Participants completed surveys at two‐time points, in 9th and 10th grade, and responded to measures of their feelings toward adults, quality of their natural mentoring relationships, self‐esteem, intrinsic academic motivation, and coping self‐efficacy. More trust in adults was indirectly, but not directly, associated with higher coping self‐efficacy via higher mentoring relational quality and self‐esteem. Positive expectations of adults may open Latinx youth to closeness in natural mentoring relationships and positive self‐perceptions, which may, in turn, bolster coping ability.
Exploring perceptions of implementation practice capacity in community‐based behavioral health organizations
Authors: Vroom Enya B. , Massey Oliver T. , Akbari Zahra , Bristol Skye C. , Cook Brandi , Green Amy L. , Levin Bruce L. , Tyson Dinorah M. , Johnson Micah E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCommunity‐based organizations (CBOs) must have the capacity to adopt, implement, and sustain evidence‐based practices (EBPs). However, limited research exists examining CBOs' ability/capacity to implement EBPs. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate how staff of CBOs perceive implementation practice capacity, determine factors needed for adequate capacity for implementing EBPs, and examine which perspectives of capacity are shared across organizational levels. Ninety‐seven administrators and practitioners of CBOs were surveyed using the Implementation Capacity Survey, which examines perceived importance, presence, and organizational capacity of the CBO in nine implementation practice areas (IPAs) (e.g., leadership). Results revealed participants rated IPAs on the importance scale higher than IPAs on the present scale. Presence and organizational capacity scales were strongly correlated, and results showed significant differences between administrators and practitioners on ratings of presence and organizational capacity. Implications for future research aimed at examining/building implementation practice capacity in community settings will be discussed.
CircRNA–miRNA networks in regulating bone disease
Authors: Huang Wei , Wu Yongyao , Qiao MingXin , Xie Zhuojun , Cen Xiao , Huang Xinqi , Zhao Zhihe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCircular RNA (circRNA) is a class of endogenous noncoding RNA (ncRNA), presenting as a special covalent closed loop without a 5′ cap or 3′ tail, maintaining resistance to RNA exonuclease and keeping high stability. Although lowly expressed in most situations, circRNA makes an active difference in regulating physiological or pathological processes by modulating gene expression by regulation of transcription, protein, and miRNA functions through various mechanisms in particular tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated the roles of the miRNA–circRNA network in the development of several bone diseases such as osteoporosis, a multiple‐mechanism disease resulting from defective bone quality and low bone mass, osteoarthritis, whose main pathomechanism is inflammation and articular cartilage degradation, as well as osteosarcoma, known as one of the most common bone cancers. However, the specific mechanism of how circRNA along with miRNA influences those diseases is not well documented, showing potential for the development of new therapies for those bone diseases.
Roburic acid attenuates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by targeting RANKL‐induced intracellular signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Gang , Chen Kai , Ma Chao , Wang Chao , Chen Delong , He Jianbo , Liu Yuhao , Jiang Tao , Yuan Jinbo , Chen Leilei , He Wei , Xu Jiake 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExcessive activity of osteoclasts contributes to skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and osteolysis. However, current drugs targeting osteoclast have various deficiencies, placing natural compounds as substitutions of great potential. Roburic acid (RA) is a triterpenoid exacted from Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, which exhibits inhibitory effects on inflammation and oxidation. By employing an in vitro osteoclastogenesis model, this study investigates the effects and mechanisms of RA on intracellular signaling induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL). As expected, RA at a concentration scope from 1 to 10 μM dampened the osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) but without cell toxicity. Interestingly, RA showed no effect on osteoblastogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, RA mitigated F‐actin ring formation, hydroxyapatite resorption, and gene expression in osteoclasts. Mechanistically, RA suppressed TNF receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6), the crucial adaptor protein following RANKL‐RANK binding. On the one hand, RA downregulated the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) phosphorylation, and calcium oscillations. On the other hand, RA upregulated the antioxidative response element (ARE) response and the protein expression of heme oxygenase (HO)‐1. These upstream alterations eventually led to the suppression of the nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) activity and the expression of proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Furthermore, by using an ovariectomized (OVX) mice model, RA was found to have therapeutic effects against bone loss. On account of these findings, RA could be used to restrain osteoclasts for treating osteoporosis and other osteolytic diseases.
Targeting hypoxia and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 in the tumor microenvironment for optimal cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kheshtchin Nasim , Hadjati Jamshid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of new strategies of anticancer immunotherapies has provided promising approaches in the treatment of solid tumors. However, despite the improved survival in responders, most of the patients show incomplete responses with a lack of remarkable clinical improvement. Hypoxia has been identified as a common characteristic of solid tumors contributing to different aspects of tumor progression, including invasion, metastasis, and the creation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia, through its main mediator, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) is also associated with the limited efficacy of immunotherapies. Therefore, designing new strategies for immunotherapy implicating therapeutic targeting of HIF‐1 molecules may enhance the clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the contribution of hypoxia to the development of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We will also outline different strategies for targeting hypoxia to provide insight into the therapeutic potential of the application of such strategies to improve the clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy.
C,N‐modified TiO2‐supported Mn–Ce–Cox‐based catalyst for low‐temperature NH3‐SCR
Authors: Liu Shuai , Liu Shanshan , Sun Xiaoyi , Liu Qingjie , Zhang Xintang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe emission of NOx can causes serious environmental pollution and endangers human health. In recent years, the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (NH3‐SCR) technology has been widely studied and adopted to reduce the production and emissions of NOx during many technologies.RESULTSA series of Mn–Ce–Cox/Ti–C,N catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method, and low‐temperature NH3–SCR was studied. The results show that support modification (Ti–C,N) can broaden the operation temperature window of the catalyst (NO conversion >95%: Mn–Ce/TiO2 catalyst, 160–320 °C; Mn–Ce/Ti–C,N catalyst, 140–320 °C). The doping of Co further improves the low‐temperature NH3‐SCR of the catalyst. When n(Co):n(Ti) = 0.05, the catalyst has the best catalytic performance with the NO conversion reaches 100% at 100 °C.CONCLUSIONTemperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) and temperature‐programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD) results showed that Ti–C,N can improve the redox ability but reduces the surface acidity. Co‐doping has no effect on surface acidity, but the redox ability is further improved. A suitable amount of Co‐doping is beneficial to the optimal catalytic activity of Mn–Ce–Co0.05/Ti–C,N catalyst. This suggests a balance between redox properties and surface acidity. Especially for the strong redox ability, it can promote the oxidation of NO to NO2, and promote low‐temperature NH3‐SCR through the ‘fast SCR’ pathway. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results of the highest chemisorbed oxygen (Oα) concentration and relative atomic ratio (Mn4+/Mnn+, Ce3+/Cen+ and Co3+/Con+) confirmed the above conclusion. Both the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L‐H) and Eley–Rideal (E‐R) mechanisms occurred in the NH3‐SCR reaction over the Mn–Ce–Co0.05/Ti–C,N catalyst. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterisation of a simple ‘hanging bag’ photobioreactor for low‐cost cultivation of microalgae
Authors: Cui Jing , Purton Saul , Baganz Frank 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic microorganisms of significant interest to the biotechnology industry, either as a sustainable source of natural compounds, or as light‐driven cell factories to produce recombinant metabolites and proteins. Their ability to utilise light, CO2, and basic nutrients leads to a simple and low‐cost phototrophic cultivation process. This is particularly relevant to low‐ and middle‐income countries, all of which require a cultivation system that is cheap, technically simple to operate, readily scalable, and can meet basic Good Manufacturing Practice requirements. A disposable ‘hanging bag’‐type photobioreactor operated as a bubble column fits these criteria.RESULTSIn this study, the characterisation and design modifications to improve the performance of a 15 L hanging bag is reported. The bubble behaviour using different sparger designs was investigated together with gas hold‐up, mixing time, and mass transfer coefficient of CO2. A gas flow rate of 5 L min−1 using a new sparger design and a modified height‐to‐diameter ratio of the bag led to a two‐fold improvement in algal biomass productivity when culturing the green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. The cultivation of a luciferase‐expressing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain in the modified hanging bag also demonstrated an 11% increase in luciferase content.CONCLUSIONThis is the first attempt to characterise this simple hanging bag system that brings the industry‐favoured single‐use bag concept into the research field of photobioreactor technology. The hanging bag with modified sparger and dimensions improves microalgal biomass productivity and demonstrates the potential of simple and low‐cost systems for microalgal cultivation. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Analysis of moral reasoning in dentistry students through case‐based learning (CBL)
Authors: Macpherson Ignacio , Arregui María , Marchini Leonardo , Giner‐Tarrida Luís 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to develop a tool to analyze the ethical dimensions during dental students' decision making, by using case‐based learning (CBL).MethodsFive clinical scenarios involving ethical aspects addressing different moral dilemmas were selected. The cases were then administered to students during a course on ethics, and the students responded using a narrative technique. To analyze the responses, a criterion inspired by Kohlberg's theory of moral development was used. Subsequently, the data were analyzed statistically, and possible associations between the answers and other variables, such as the student's gender and theoretical knowledge of ethics, were evaluated.ResultsA total of 260 students participated (182 women and 78 men), and 1300 narratives were analyzed. The reliability of the construct, as tested by the Cronbach's alpha and the homogeneity index, was acceptable (0.7). The validity of the construct was also assessed, suggesting a component analysis. The descriptive analysis suggests a certain tendency to solve moral problems by referring to established norms and laws. Furthermore, the correlation anaylysis suggests the interrelation between dimensions linked to patient integrity and respect for the truth, even though this conclusion is not reflected in the component analysis, which only detects a generic component of moral sensitivity. No significant differences by gender were found in the narratives, nor a strong correlation of the responses with theoretical knowledge on ethics.ConclusionCBL through the narrative method on ethical dilemmas is an effective tool for assessing dental students' moral competencies and their possible interactions with other variables.
High TSPAN8 expression in epithelial cancer cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles promote confined diffusion and pronounced uptake
Authors: Wang Teng , Wang Xin , Wang Haobin , Li Luhan , Zhang Chenhong , Xiang Rong , Tan Xiaoyue , Li Zongjin , Jiang Chunyang , Zheng Lei , Xiao Lehui , Yue Shijing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a key role in intercellular communication. Cargo molecules carried by sEVs may affect the phenotype and function of recipient cells. Epithelial cancer cell‐derived sEVs, particularly those enriched in CD151 or tetraspanin8 (TSPAN8) and associated integrins, promote tumour progression. The mechanism of binding and modulation of sEVs to recipient cells remains elusive. Here, we used genetically engineered breast cancer cells to derive TSPAN8‐enriched sEVs and evaluated the impact of TSPAN8 on target cell membrane's diffusion and transport properties. The single‐particle tracking technique showed that TSPAN8 significantly promoted sEV binding via confined diffusion. Functional assays indicated that the transgenic TSPAN8‐sEV cargo increased cancer cell motility and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vivo, transgenic TSPAN8‐sEV promoted uptake of sEVs in the liver, lung, and spleen. We concluded that TSPAN8 encourages the sEV‐target cell interaction via forced confined diffusion and significantly increases cell motility. Therefore, TSPAN8‐sEV may serve as an important direct or indirect therapeutic target.
Size of HIV‐1 reservoir is associated with telomere shortening and immunosenescence in early‐treated European children with perinatally acquired HIV‐1
Authors: Dalzini Annalisa , Ballin Giovanni , Dominguez‐Rodriguez Sara , Rojo Pablo , Petrara Maria Raffaella , Foster Caroline , Cotugno Nicola , Ruggiero Alessandra , Nastouli Eleni , Klein Nigel , Rinaldi Stefano , Pahwa Savita , Rossi Paolo , Giaquinto Carlo , Palma Paolo , De Rossi Anita ,   EPIICAL Consortium
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionPersistence of HIV‐1, causing chronic immune activation, is a key determinant of premature senescence. Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with a reduced HIV‐1 reservoir in children with perinatally acquired HIV‐1 (PHIV), but its impact on the senescence process is an open question. We investigated the association between HIV‐1 reservoir and biological and immune ageing profile in PHIV enrolled in the multicentre cross‐sectional study CARMA (Child and Adolescent Reservoir Measurements on early suppressive ART) conducted within the EPIICAL (Early treated Perinatally HIV Infected individuals: Improving Children's Actual Life) consortium.MethodsBetween September 2017 and June 2018, CARMA enrolled 40 PHIV who started ART before 2 years of age and had undetectable viremia for at least 5 years before sampling date. Samples from 37 children with a median age of 13.8 years were available for this study. HIV‐1 DNA copies on CD4 cells, relative telomere length (marker of cellular senescence) and levels of T‐cell receptor rearrangement excision circle (TREC, marker of thymic output) on CD4 and CD8 cells were quantified by qPCR. Immunological profile was assessed by flow cytometry. Associations between molecular and phenotypic markers, HIV‐1 reservoir and age at ART initiation were explored using a multivariable Poisson regression.ResultsHigher HIV‐1 reservoir was associated (p<0.001) with telomere shortening (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.15 [0.13–0.17]), immunosenescence (CD28–CD57+, IRR = 1.23 [1.21–1.26]) and immunoactivation (CD38+ HLADR+, IRR = 7.29 [6.58–8.09]) of CD4 cells. Late ART initiation (after 6 months of age) correlated with higher HIV‐1 reservoir levels (552 [303–1001] vs. 89 [56–365] copies/106 CD4 cells, p = 0.003) and percentage of CD4 senescent cells (2.89 [1.95–6.31] vs. 1.02 [0.45–2.69, p = 0.047). TREC levels in CD8 cells were inversely associated with HIV‐1 reservoir (IRR = 0.77 [0.76–0.79]) and were significantly lower in late treated PHIV (1128 [486–1671] vs. 2278 [1425–3314], p = 0.042).ConclusionsLater ART initiation is associated with higher HIV‐1 reservoir size, which correlates with increased telomere shortening and senescence of CD4 cells. Timing of ART initiation in infancy has long‐term consequences on the immune and biological ageing profile of children with perinatally acquired HIV‐1.
Garcinia gummi‐gutta seeds: a novel source of edible oils
Authors: Priya Rani M , Gokul Raj M R , Bahuleyan Rameshkumar K 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDEdible oils are important for human nutrition and health. The demand for edible oils is increasing globally and the situation warrants the identification of new natural sources of oils that have been subjected to proper quality and safety evaluation. Garcinia gummi‐gutta is a widely cultivated fruit crop in Kerala, south India. The fruit rinds are the useful part, while the seeds are treated as waste material. This study evaluated the composition, physico‐chemical properties, and toxicity of the seed oil with a view to considering its utility in the food sector.RESULTSThe yield of oil obtained from the seeds of Garcinia gummi‐gutta through hexane extraction was 335.30 g kg−1. The physico‐chemical parameters of the oil were determined through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. The values agree well with those of conventional edible oils. Stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid, was identified as the main component (55.39%) followed by monounsaturated oleic acid (40.22%) through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Preliminary in vivo acute oral toxicity studies and acute dermal toxicity studies on female Wistar rats, and dermal irritation studies on New Zealand white male rabbits showed no morbidity, mortality, appreciable change in the bodyweight, or clinical signs of dermal responses.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that the seeds of G. gummi‐gutta are a rich source of edible oil. The presence of stearic acid, a stable fatty acid, as the major constituent suggests that the oil could be suitable for use in value‐added food products such as chocolates. Preliminary toxicological studies also recommend the use of the oil in the food and cosmetics sectors. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recurrence and survival after curative‐intent treatment for colorectal liver metastases: Implications for adjuvant liver‐directed regional chemotherapy
Authors: Kolbeinsson Hordur M. , Hoppe Allison , Walker Jessica , Chandana Sreenivasa , Assifi M. Mura , Chung Mathew , Wright Gerald Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates tumor recurrence patterns and their effect on postrecurrence survival following curative‐intent treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) to identify those who stand to benefit the most from adjuvant liver‐directed therapy.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of all patients that underwent liver resection and/or ablation for CRLM between 2007 and 2019. Postrecurrence survival was compared between recurrence locations. Risk factors for liver recurrence were sought.ResultsThe study included 227 patients. Majority were treated with resection (71.0%) while combination resection/ablation (18.9%) and ablation alone (11.0%), were less common. At a median follow‐up of 3.0 years, recurrence was observed in 151 (66.5%) patients. Of those, liver, lung, and peritoneal recurrence were most common at 66.9%, 49.6%, and 9.2%, respectively. Median postrecurrence survival after liver, lung, and multisite recurrence was 39.6‐, 68.4‐, and 33.6 months, respectively. High tumor grade (p < 0.014), perineural invasion (p = 0.002), and N0 node status (p = 0.017) of primary tumor correlated with liver recurrence on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsTumor grade, perineural invasion, and N0 node status of the primary tumor are associated with increased risk of liver recurrence after CRLM resection and represent a target population that may benefit the most from adjuvant liver‐directed regional chemotherapy.