bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of the Cervical Spine Collar from Alpine Extrication and Evacuation Skiing Rescue Spinal Motion Restriction Protocols: A Biomechanical Controlled Study in Real-Life Mountain Conditions with a High-Fidelity Mannequin
Authors: Grenier Guillaume , Despatis Marc-Antoine , Lebel Karina , Hamel Mathieu , Martin Camille , Boissy Patrick 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Alpine skiing rescues are unique because of the mountainous environment and risks of cervical spine motion (CSM) induced during victims’ extrication (EX) and downhill evacuation (DE). Current pre-hospital guidelines recommend the application of full spinal immobilization using various orthotic devices such as cervical collars (CC) when mobilizing and transfer+ring a victim with a suspected spine injury. The biomechanical benefits of applying CC in terms of spinal motion restriction during simulated alpine rescue are undocumented. Methods: Observational design of CSM measurement on a high-fidelity simulation mannequin with a motion sensors-instrumented cervical spine during simulated alpine skiing EX and DE. A total of 32 EXs and 4 DEs on different slope conditions were performed by six experienced active ski patrollers at a Canadian ski resort. The primary outcome was the 3D excursion vector (PeakΔθ) of the mannequin’s head. The secondary objectives were the time to extrication completion (tEX) depending on CC use and to identify which EX event is more likely to induce CSM. Results: PeakΔθ recorded during flat terrain EX using CC was 11.71° +/- 3.61° compared to 16.00° +/- 7.93° using MILS, and 18.29° +/- 9.78° for CC versus 17.90° +/- 4.16° using MILS on a steep slope. PeakΔθ with CC or using MILS during EXs were equivalent according to a 10 degrees non-inferiority hypothesis testing. Time to extrication completion (tEX) was significantly higher using CC as opposed to MILS for both flat and steep terrain conditions (100.6s vs. 219.2s and 106.2s vs. 268.8s longer respectively, 95% confidence interval). During DEs, CSM with and without CC across all terrain conditions were negligible (<5°). Task analysis during EX showed that when CC is used, its installation induces the highest CSM. When EXs are done using MILS without CC, the logroll initiation is the manipulation inducing the highest risk of CSM. Conclusion: For experienced ski patrollers, the biomechanical benefits of motion restriction provided by CC over MILS during alpine skiing rescues were found to be at best marginal and CC use negatively affected rescue time. Systematic use of CC during alpine rescue should be reconsidered.
Superconductivity coexisting with ferromagnetism in a quasi-one dimensional non-centrosymmetric (TaSe4)3I
Authors: Pal Atindra , Bera Arnab , Gayen Sirshendu , Mondal Suchanda , Pal Riju , Pal Buddhadeb , Vasdev Aastha , Howlader Sandeep , Jana Manish , Maiti Tanmay , Saha Rafikul , Das Biswajit , Satpati Biswarup , Mandal Prabhat , Sheet Goutam , Mondal Mintu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Low-dimensional materials with broken inversion symmetry and strong spin-orbit coupling can give rise to fascinating quantum phases and phase transitions. Here we report coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism below 2.5 K in the quasione dimensional crystals of non-centrosymmetric (TaSe4)3I (space group: P¯421c). The unique phase is a direct consequence of inversion symmetry breaking as the same material also stabilizes in a centro-symmetric structure (space group: P4/mnc) where it behaves like a non-magnetic insulator[1–4]. The coexistence here upfront contradicts the popular belief that superconductivity and ferromagnetism are two apparently antagonistic phenomena. Notably, here, for the first time, we have clearly detected Meissner effect in the superconducting state despite the coexisting ferromagnetic order. The coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism projects non-centrosymmetric (TaSe4)3I as a host for complex ground states of quantum matter including possible unconventional superconductivity with elusive spin-triplet pairing[5–8].
Diversity of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Repertoire in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tsai Hung-Cheng , Choy Chik-On , Wu Tsai-Hung , Liu Chih-Wei , Pan Yu-Jen , Chen Wei-Sheng , Pai Chia-Sheng , Hsu Ning , Tsai Shih-Feng , Tsai Shih-Tzu , Su Kuei-Ying , Tsai Chang-Youh , Liao Hsien-Tzung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is associated with polymorphism in major histocompatibility complex class II genes and dysregulations of CD4+ T cells which cause abnormalities in immune repertoire (iR) expression and intracellular signaling. We monitored nucleotide sequence changes in iR of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH), particularly complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) during the course of treatments in RA patients using massively parallel sequencing technology.Methods CDR3 sequencing was carried out on clinical blood samples from RA patients for disease progress monitoring. The iR of each sample was measured using next generation sequencing (NGS) pipeline. Data analysis was done with a web-based iRweb server. Principal components analysis (PCA) was completed with commercial statistical pipeline. Results Datasets from 14 patients covered VDJ regions of IGH gene. D50 stayed low for all cases (mean D50 = 6.5). A pattern of shared CDR3 sequences was confirmed by a clustering pattern using PCA. Shared profile of 608 CDR3 sequences unique to the disease baseline was identified. D50 analyses revealed clonal diversity would remain low throughout the disease course even after treatment (mean D50 = 11.7 & 8.2 for csDMARD & bDMARD groups respectively) regardless of fluctuated disease activity. PCA has provided a correlation of change in immune diversity along the whole course of RA. Conclusion We have successfully constructed the experimental design, data acquisition, processing, and analysis pipeline of a high throughput massively parallel CDR3 sequences detection to be used to correlate RA disease activity and IGH CDR3 iR during disease progression with or without treatments.
Investigation of the Need for Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography in the Decision to Discontinue Treatment for Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Çelik Eda , Araz Ömer , Kerget Buğra , Uçar Elif Yılmazel , Akgün Metin , Sağlam Leyla 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality that can reduce quality of life due to long-term complications during and after treatment discontinuation. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients for these complications before discontinuing treatment and determine the necessity of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) imaging.Methods: This retrospective study included 116 patients over the age of 18 who received anticoagulant treatment for at least 3 months and presented for treatment discontinuation to the Atatürk University Research Hospital Chest Diseases Outpatient Clinic between January 2015 and September 2019. Results: CTPA performed at treatment discontinuation showed complete thrombus resolution with treatment in 73 patients (62.9%). High pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI) at diagnosis was statistically associated with findings of residual or chronic thrombus on CTPA at treatment discontinuation (p=0.001). In the differentiation of patients with residual/chronic thrombus and those with thrombus resolution, D-dimer at a cut-off value of 474 µg/L had 60% sensitivity and 70% specificity. At a cut-off value of 35.5 mmHg, mean pulmonary artery pressure on echocardiography had sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 77%, respectively. At a cut-off of 23.75, PAOI had sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 69%, respectively.Discussion: In addition to physical examination findings, D-dimer and echocardiography were guiding parameters in the evaluation of treatment discontinuation and thrombus resolution in patients presenting to the outpatient clinic for discontinuation of treatment for acute PTE. PAOI at diagnosis may be another important guiding parameter in addition to these examinations.
Hunger and Its Associated Factors in the Western Brazilian Amazon: a Population-based Study
Authors: Mata Mayline Menezes Da , Neves José Anael , de Medeiros Maria Angélica Tavares 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Hunger affects millions of people worldwide. In the current pandemic scenario of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Brazil experienced an epidemic peak of hunger, amplifying existing prepandemic vulnerabilities, mainly in the North Region of the country. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated factors in homes with children under five years of age in an urban area of a municipality of the Western Brazilian Amazon.
Methods

A household survey was conducted with a probabilistic sample of 557 children and their families. Food insecurity (FI) was determined using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Associations between variables were analysed based on the prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated through multiple Poisson regression analysis. Variables with a P value <0.05 after adjustments were considered significantly associated with the outcome.
Results

A prevalence of 76.5% (CI: 1.36-2.67) food insecurity was found among the families in the study; 42.9% had moderate (CI: 1.31-2.83) and severe (CI: 1.10-1.83) food insecurity. Moderate and severe FI were associated with low family income (P=0.00), participation in governmental income transfer programs (P=0.01), and heads of household with less than seven years of schooling (P=0.02). Moreover, substantial frequencies of height deficit and being overweight were found among the children.
Conclusions

The high prevalence of hunger and food insecurity and its associated factors reflects the context of geographic isolation and social exclusion in which these families live, suggesting that a substantial portion of the population under five years of age had experienced episodes of hunger in the 90 days prior to the survey. The prevalence of height deficit and being overweight among the children reveals a scenario of epidemiological/nutritional polarization, requiring the formulation of specific public policies for this population.
Cone Beam CT Analysis of Haller Cells: Prevalence and Relationship with Orbital Floor Dehiscence
Authors: Moshfeghi Mahkameh , dehini hamidreza , Ahsaie Mitra Ghazizadeh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and aim:

Haller cells arise from anterior ethmoid air cells and are located in the medial orbital floor, lateral to the maxillary infundibulum. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of the Haller cells and its relationship with orbital floor dehiscence on cone beam CT images.
Materials and Methods

CBCT images of 120 patients were interpreted in coronal plane for the presence of Haller cells and orbital floor dehiscence. The prevalence of Haller cell, presence of dehiscence, unilateral or bilateral frequency were assessed. In addition, the size were categorized in three groups of small, medium and large. Chi-square and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used for statistical analysis of the data and p<0.05 was considered to be significant.
Results

A total of 51 male and 69 female with Mean±SD age of 38.84±68.14 were assessed. The overall prevalence of Haller cells was 56.7%, of which 44 (64.7%) were unilateral and 24 were bilateral (35.3%). The majority of the cells (70.7%) were seen in medium (2-4mm) sized. There was a significant association between Haller cells and orbital floor dehiscence (p=0.002).
Conclusion

The prevalence of Haller cells was remarkably high and presence of Haller cells was strongly associated with ipsilateral orbital floor dehiscence. Based on the findings of this study, CBCT can be useful in delineation of the bony anatomy of sinonasal complex.
Targeting Breast Cancer with a Combination of DNT and LAG3 Checkpoint Blockage and its Mechanism
Authors: Wang Miao , Wei Yuhan , Li Yingrui , Li Hongzhong , Jin Jiangtao , Lu Yuting , Li Qin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

The characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) are closely related to immunotherapy. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous tumor, and its TIME is still unclear.
Methods

We utilized mass cytometry to explore the immune cell heterogeneity in breast cancer. DNTs from healthy volunteers were enriched in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell surface receptors of cancer cells and DNT cells. The correlation between immune checkpoints and the abundance of immune cells or prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed by the TCGA database. The mRNA expression of functional genes was performed by quantitative real-time PCR.
Results

We found that the frequencies of Granzyme B (GZMB)+CD8+T and GZMB+DNT cells in cancer tissues (CA) of breast cancer were lower than those in blood samples of patients (PB), and the frequencies of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)+CD8+T and PD1+DNT cells in CA were higher than those in PB. DNTs from healthy volunteers had the cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231. LAG3Ab could upregulate the mRNA expression of IFNγ and perforin by increasing T-BET transcription to enhance cytotoxic effect of DNT cells in vitro.
Conclusion

Our study revealed the suppressive status of TIME in breast cancer and supported DNT cells had the potential to be applied as a novel adoptive cell therapy for TNBC either alone or combined with LAG3Ab.
BNIP3 Mediates the Different Adaptive Responses of Fibroblast-like Synovial Cells to Hypoxia in Patients With Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ran Deng , Yan Wang , Yanhong Bu , Wu Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypoxia is one of the important characteristics of synovial microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and it is very important in the process of synovial hyperplasia. Fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) are relatively affected by hypoxia injury in cell survival, while FLSs from patients with RA (RA-FLSs) are particularly resistant to hypoxia-induced cell death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether FLSs in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and RA-FLSs have the same adaptation to hypoxia. Methods: CCK-8, flow cytometry and BrdU were used to detect the proliferation of OA-FLSs and RA-FLSs under different oxygen concentrations. Apoptosis was detected by AV/PI, TUNEL and Western blot, mitophagy was observed by electron microscope and Western blot, mitochondrial state was detected by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry, BNIP3 and HIF-1α were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR. The silencing of BNIP3 is achieved by stealth RNA system technology. Results: After hypoxia, the survival rate of OA-FLSs was reduced, and the proliferation activity of RA-FLSs was further increased. Hypoxia induced increased apoptosis and inhibited autophagy of OA-FLSs, but not in RA-FLSs. Hypoxia treatment led to a more lasting adaptive response. RA-FLSs showed a more significant increase in gene expression regulated by HIF-1α transcription. Interestingly, they showed higher BNIP3 expression than OA-FLSs, and showed stronger mitophagy and proliferation activities. The BNIP3 siRNA experiment in RA-FLSs confirmed the potential role of BNIP3 in the survival of FLSs. The inhibition of BNIP3 resulted in the decrease of cell proliferation and the decrease of mitophagy and the increase of apoptosis. Conclusion: In summary, RA-FLSs maintained redox balance through mitophagy to promote cell survival under hypoxia. The mitophagy of OA-FLSs was too little to maintain the redox balance of mitochondria, leading to apoptosis. The difference of mitophagy between OA-FLSs and RA-FLSs under hypoxia is mediated by the expression of BNIP3.
A Novel Portfolio Based on Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP with Improved Combination Weight Method and New Score Function
Authors: Deng Xue , Geng Fengting , Yang Jianxin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The classical Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) requires an exact value to compare the relative importance of two attributes, but experts often can not obtain an accurate assessment of every attribute in the decision-making process, there are always some uncertainty and hesitation. Compared with classical AHP, our new defined interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy AHP has accurately descripted the vagueness and uncertainty. In decision matrix, the real numbers are substituted by fuzzy numbers. In addition, each expert will make different evaluations according to different experiences for each attribute in the subjective weighting method, which neglects objective factors and then generates some deviations in some cases. This paper provides two ways to make up for this disadvantage. On the one hand, by combining the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy AHP with entropy weight, an improved combination weighting method is proposed, which can overcome the limitations of unilateral weighted method only considering the objective or subjective factors. On the other hand, a new score function is presented by adjusting the parameters, which can overcome the invalidity of some existing score functions. In theory, some theorems and properties for the new score functions are given with strictly mathematical proof to validate its rationality and effectiveness. In application, a novel fuzzy portfolio is proposed based on the improved combination weighted method and new score function. A numerical example shows that these results of our new score function are consistent with those of most existing score functions, which verifies that our model is feasible and effective.
Eplerenone Reverses Age-Dependent Cardiac Fibrosis Through Downregulating Osteopontin
Authors: Malakootian Mahshid , Maleki Majid , Mohammadian Negar , Arabian Maedeh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The risk of cardiovascular disease dramatically increases with Ageing. Nowadays it is fully revealed that the fibrotic remodelling is the main cause of cardiac structural and functional changes related to the normal aging process, but the related signaling pathways and mechanisms are incompletely understood. Thus finding the new therapeutic approaches targeting cardiac fibrotic remodelling, may be necessary to develop preventive care in geriatric population against cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the potential role of osteopontin (OPN) as novel mediators of age-dependent fibrotic pathways in heart as well as the effect of eplerenone on cardiac fibrosis reversal. Methods: Fischer-344 (F-344) rats has been used as three groups: young rats (2–3months old), aged rats (22-24 months old) without any treatment and aged rats treated with eplerenone (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. The expression level of OPN has been evaluated using real-time PCR and histological assessments were done to assess cardiac tissue fibrosis.Results: The expression level of OPN in aged rats was significantly higher than young rats and treatment with eplerenone significantly attenuated the level of OPN as well as cardiac fibrosis compare to untreated aged rats. Conclusion: Targeting cardiac fibroblast function with eplerenone could decrease expression of OPN marker and cause to reversal age-related cardiac fibrotic changes.
Separating Phages From Other Virus Families and Classifying the Different Phage Families By GI-Clusters
Authors: Jia Xingang , Han Qiuhong , Lu Zuhong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Phages are the most abundant biological entities, but the commonly used clustering techniques are difficult to separate them from other virus families and classify the different phage families together.Results: This work uses GI-clusters to separate phages from other virus families and classify the different phage families, where GI-clusters are constructed by GI-features, GI-features are constructed by the togetherness with F-features, training data, MG-Euclidean and Icc-cluster algorithms, F-features are the frequencies of multiple-nucleotides that are generated from genomes of viruses, MG-Euclidean algorithm is able to put the nearest neighbors in the same mini-groups, and Icc-cluster algorithm put the distant samples to the different mini-clusters. For these viruses that the maximum element of their GI-features are in the same locations, they are put to the same GI-clusters, where the families of viruses in test data are identified by GI-clusters, and the families of GI-clusters are defined by viruses of training data.Conclusions: From analysis of 4 data sets that are constructed by the different family viruses, we demonstrate that GI-clusters are able to separate phages from other virus families, correctly classify the different phage families, and correctly predict the families of these unknown phages also.
Clinical Outcomes of Single-Step Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy and Off-Flap Epipolis-Laser in Situ Keratomileusis in Moderate to High Myopia: 12-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Zhang Yunjie , Li Tiankun , Li Zhangliang , Dai Mali , Wang Qinmei , Xu Chenchen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

To compare the quantitative and qualitative optical outcomes of single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) and off-flap epipolis-laser in situ keratomileusis (Epi-LASIK) in moderate to high myopia.
Methods

In this prospective self-control study, we included patients with moderate to high myopia who were randomized to undergo TPRK in one eye and Epi-LASIK in the other eye. Twelve-month follow-up results for visual acuity, refraction, ocular high-order aberrations, contrast sensitivity, postoperative pain, epithelial healing, and haze grade were assessed.
Results

A total of 64 eyes (32 patients) were enrolled in the study. More eyes completed re-epithelialization in the TPRK group than in the Off-flap Epi-LASIK group 3–4 days postoperatively, while all eyes completed re-epithelialization by seven days. More eyes achieved a visual acuity (both UDVA and CDVA) of better than 20/20 in the TPRK group than in the Off-flap Epi-LASIK group. The ± 0.50 D predictability for correction of the spherical equivalent (SE) was higher in the eyes of the TPRK group (91%) than in those of the off-flap Epi-LASIK group (80%) 12 months after surgery. No significant differences in ocular aberrations, including coma, spherical, and trefoil, were found between the two groups at 12 months. There were also no significant differences in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, pain, and haze grading between the two groups.
Conclusions

Both TPRK and off-flap Epi-LASIK are safe, effective, and predictable treatments for moderate to high myopia with comparable surgical outcomes.
Trial registration:

This study was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05060094, 17/09/2021).