bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D regulation of glucose metabolism via pyruvate carboxylase in MCF10A‐ras human breast epithelial cells (261.7)
Authors: Zheng Wei , Koser Stephanie , Donkin Shawn , Teegarden Dorothy 
Published: June 2021

Previous studies from our laboratory, employing Harvey‐ras oncogene transfected MCF10A (ras) cells, a model of early breast cancer progression, show that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) regulates glucose metabolism with reduced glycolysis and lactate production, and reduced flux to the TCA cycle in ras cells. Further, 1,25D reduced cell “glucose addiction”, a characteristic of cells in progression to cancer. In the current study, glucose restriction from 5 mM to 1 mM increased G1 cell cycle arrest (flow cytometry) in ras cells (62% vs. 71%, respectively). shRNA knockdown of pyruvate carboxylase (PC), a key enzyme for the anaplerosis of the TCA cycle, prevented the increase in G1 cell cycle arrest at 1 mM glucose in ras cells, which was a similar effect to 1,25D. However, 1,25D treatment in addition to PC knockdown had no effect in preventing the increase in G1 cell cycle arrest at 1 mM glucose, suggesting PC may mediate the effect of 1,25D. 1,25D inhibited PC mRNA (45%) and protein (65%) expression starting at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Consistent with potential transcriptional regulation of the PC gene by 1,25D, six consensus sequences to the negative vitamin D responsive element (nVDRE) were found on PC gene promoter. Therefore, negative regulation of the PC gene is part of the mechanism by which 1,25D regulates glucose metabolism and prevents early breast cancer progression.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH R25CA128770 and NCI CCSG CA23168
Exercise‐related effects of p53 on cancer preventative pathways (261.8)
Authors: King Brenee , Standard Joseph , Ewert Emily , Su Xiaoyu , Wang Weiqun 
Published: June 2021

The American Cancer Society estimates over 1 million new cancer cases to be diagnosed in 2013. Thus, efforts to understand the mechanisms of cancer prevention are vital. Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle choice with the potential to reduce the risk of certain cancers. As such, research into the molecular mechanisms of how physical activity results in cancer prevention is imperative. Changes to the insulin‐like growth factor‐1(IGF‐1) pathway are important to cancer preventative mechanisms. Recently, the p53 protein was linked to IGF‐1 pathways under specific dietary conditions. Currently, there is a gap in knowledge surrounding p53 and the molecular mechanism of its involvement in IGF‐1 signaling pathways following exercise. The objective of this study was to first investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating exercise‐induced activation of p53. Female mice underwent a moderate exercise regime five days a week for ten weeks. Dorsal skin tissue was collected and prepared for down‐stream analysis. Using western blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques, we observed a significant increase in p53 nuclear protein in exercised mice which may result from changes with its interaction with MDM2. Planned experiments, including immunoprecipitations, aim to investigate the interaction between p53 and its regulatory proteins. Furthermore, future experiments will focus on p53 and its effects on the IGF‐1 signaling pathway following exercise. Completion of these experiments will provide new information regarding p53‐related pathways in the cancer preventative effects of exercise.Grant Funding Source: Supported by: NIH CA167678
iCook4H: dyad model (youth/adult pair) used in recruiting for a multistate study (262.5)
Authors: Olfert Melissa , White Jade , Wells Amy , Franzen‐Castle Lisa , Colby Sarah , Kattlemann Kendra , Matthews Douglas , White Adrienne 
Published: June 2021

Recruitment of a unique approach using a dyad model, defined as youth/adult pair, (9‐10 year old youth and the main preparer of meals adult) incurred challenges in five states. With the goal of 500 dyads the end result was 223 pairs (ME=63, NE=58, TN=34, SD=22, WV=46) over a five‐month recruitment period (April‐August) to include two intense recruiting blitzes. Various approaches used by states: getting into schools before summer break and immediately when school resumed for fall; summer camps such as sports, Girl &amp; Boy Scouts, YMCA; flyers in kid friendly venues, on cars, food bank boxes/bags/backpack program; involved Extension/4H partners; targeted EFNEP eligible participants, hiring a local community recruiter, etc. Barriers identified by states: parent not ready to commit to schedule in summer months; difficult to find venues where child/adult both were; flyer was vague; flyer was inclusive of both control and treatment; conflict with other functions such as sports; not with afterschool programs; access to parents (decision makers) limited; children out of age range or siblings wanting to participate; no internet access; no child care for other children during treatment sessions. Conclusions, using the dyad model the decision maker, scheduler/attendee is the adult even with a child’s enthusiasm and desire to enroll in a study focusing on culinary and nutrition skills, family mealtime and physical activity.Grant Funding Source: USDA AFRI Integrated Childhood Obesity Multi‐state Grant No. UM‐S881
A longitudinal analysis of sugar‐sweetened beverage intake during infancy and obesity at six years of age (267.2)
Authors: Pan Liping , Li Ruowei , Park Sohyun , Galuska Deborah , Sherry Bettylou , Freedman David 
Published: June 2021

Sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption may contribute to obesity through excess calorie intake. We examined whether SSB intake during infancy predicts obesity at 6 years. We included 1189 US children who participated in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II in 2005‐2007 and were followed up at 6 years in 2012.Children’s weight and height were measured by mothers. Obesity was defined as BMI‐for‐age and sex 蠅 95th percentile on the CDC growth chart. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the associations of SSB consumption in infancy and obesity at 6 years controlling for child’s birth weight, maternal prepregnancy weight status, and maternal and child demographic and dietary characteristics. The obesity prevalence at 6 years among children who consumed SSBs during infancy was twice as high as that among non‐SSB consumers (17.0% vs 8.6%). The adjusted odds of obesity at 6 years was 71% higher for any SSB intake and 92% higher for SSB introduction before 6 months compared with no SSB intake during infancy. Children who consumed SSBs 蠅3 times/week during 10‐12 months had twice the odds of obesity compared with those who consumed no SSBs in this period. However, among children who consumed SSBs, the odds of obesity at 6 years did not differ by age at SSB introduction during infancy or mean weekly SSB intake during 10‐12 months. Our study findings suggest that SSB consumption during infancy may be a risk factor for obesity in early childhood.Whether unmeasured behaviors contributed to the association is unclear.
Diet quality of adult cancer survivors in NHANES 1999‐2010 (267.8)
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Must Aviva , Folta Sara , Nelson Miriam , Roberts Susan , Parsons Susan , Saltzman Edward , Zhang Fang Fang 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Cancer diagnosis can act as a ‘cue to action,’ motivating survivors to make positive changes in health behaviors, including dietary habits. However, it remains unclear whether cancer survivors have better diet quality than individuals without cancer, and how their diet quality is associated with their age, gender, weight status and length of survivorship.Method: We assessed the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010 in 1,988 adult cancer survivors in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999‐2010 and 3,976 noncancer controls matched by age and gender. HEI 2010 was calculated based on dietary data assessed by 24‐hour diet recall. Logistic regression models were used to compare HEI 2010 total score and its components between cancer survivors and controls after adjustment for age, sex, education, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and body mass index. Sampling weights were included in all analyses.Result: The mean total HEI 2010 score in cancer survivors was 50.3 (SD=0.5) (range:0‐100), similar to that in noncancer controls (mean=50.5, SD=0.4, p=0.63).Cancer survivors had a significantly lower score for total vegetables (OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.71‐0.93) and empty calories (calories from solid fats, alcohol and added sugars) (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.75‐0.99) than those without cancer. The low adherence to total vegetable was more profound in long‐term survivors (years since diagnosis 蠅10 years) (OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.60‐0.86) than recent survivors (years since diagnosis <10 years) (p for interaction <0.05).Conclusion: In a large national survey, cancer survivors did not have better diet quality than individuals without cancer. Rather, cancer survivors scored worse in following the recommendation for total vegetables and empty calories, based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Dietary intervention is needed to increase vegetable intake and reduce solid fat, alcohol and sugar intake in cancer survivors to improve their long‐term health outcomes.
Household food insecurity and its determinants in the Kalalé district of Benin (268.1)
Authors: Alaofè Halimatou , Taren Douglas , Burney Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Despite making significant economic progress, food insecurity and malnutrition present key policy challenges in Benin. We analyzed the determinants of food insecurity in northern Benin, based on primary data that we collected from 368 randomly selected households from 4 villages of Kalalé district in 2007. Food insecurity was defined as how often in the year they are unable to fully provide for family's food needs. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of demographic and socio‐economic factors on food insecurity. Food insecurity was prevalent in the district surveyed (96%) categorized as moderately or severely food insecure. Using bivariate analysis, key livelihood assets indicators associated household food insecurity were identified as: number of illiterate in households (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.14‐2.70; P=0.01), family size (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.99‐2.69; P=0.04), self‐reported satisfaction with health status (OR, 4.63; 95% CI, 2.61‐8.20; P<0.001), housing material (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01‐0.60; P=0.01), participation in agricultural organization (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.82‐5.81; P<0.01) and access to credit (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.82‐5.81; P<0.001). Access to credit and housing material were the strongest predictors of food insecurity in multivariate modeling (P<0.05). Food insecurity is a timely and relevant issue, as it affects a significant number of households in the district surveyed. Targeted policy interventions aimed at increasing money available in households are needed. Furthermore, making health, family planning, education and agricultural organization which bond women together, targets of food security programs should help significantly to reduce the incidence of food insecurity.Grant Funding Source: SELF
Effect of dietary (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) pretreatment on the hepatotoxicity of acute high dose EGCG (270.3)
Authors: James Karma , Forester Sarah , Lambert Joshua 
Published: June 2021

Green tea based dietary supplements containing high levels of (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) have become popular for weight loss. Case‐studies have reported hepatotoxicity associated with consumption of green tea‐based supplements and laboratory studies have demonstrated the potential hepatotoxicity of EGCG. We examined the effect of pretreatment with dietary EGCG on the bioavailability and hepatotoxicity of high oral bolus EGCG in CF‐1 mice. EGCG (750 mg/kg, i.g., once daily) for 3 d increased plasma alanine aminotransferase by 80‐fold compared to controls. High dose EGCG also decreased hepatic levels of reduced (59% decrease) and total glutathione (33% decrease), and increased hepatic phosphorylation of histone 2AX compared to vehicle‐treated control mice. Pretreatment with dietary EGCG (3.2 mg/g) for 2 wk blunted these changes. EGCG pretreatment also raised the levels of several oxidative stress‐related genes. Analysis of plasma and liver levels of EGCG showed that pretreatment with dietary EGCG reduced the peak plasma (38% reduction) and hepatic (57% reduction) EGCG concentrations following oral bolus dosing. In conclusion, EGCG appears to modulate its own bioavailability and chronic exposure to dietary EGCG may reduce the hepatotoxic potential of high oral bolus EGCG. These data may help explain the variation in sensitivity of human subjects to green tea‐containing supplements.Grant Funding Source: NIH AT004678
Metabolomic phenotyping of cancer metabolism (350.2)
Authors: Fiehn Oliver , Wikoff Bill 
Published: June 2021

The NIH Common Fund has created three regional resource cores to increase the capacity for metabolomic research for NIH‐funded projects. At UC Davis, the West Coast Metabolomics Center integrates more than 30 mass spectrometers and 5 NMR instruments in eight laboratories, focusing on glycomics, complex lipids, eicosanoids and lipid mediators, imaging, primary metabolism and identification of unknowns. In addition, integration with genomic data including pathway mapping and statistics is part of research advancements and fee‐based services. In its first year, the West Coast Metabolomics Center has hosted three symposia on cancer metabolism, microbial metabolism and a hands‐on workshop for training the next generation of scientists.We will show how metabolomic data from blood screening from patient cohorts at‐risk can provide biomarkers of lung cancer even more than 6 months prior to clinical diagnosis, potentially giving more time for treatment for these individuals. We further detail differences in cancer metabolism in the lungs of adenocarcinoma patients and provide details for exogenous compounds found in such human lung tissues.
Validation of the Remote Food Photography Method to quantify intake of infant formula (36.1)
Authors: Duhé Abby , Lammi‐Keefe Carol , Martin Corby , Redman Leanne 
Published: June 2021

Background: Accurate methods of assessing food intake in infants are needed to assess the relationship between infant feeding practices and the risk of childhood obesity. Current methods are either subjective or have limited ability for widespread use beyond clinical research settings due to cost and high burden.Objective: To assess the accuracy of the Remote Food Photography Method (RFPM), a novel food intake assessment method, to estimate infant formula as compared to the gold standard, the directly weighed foods method.Design: Fifty‐three adults were recruited to prepare infant formula bottles and use the RFPM to capture photographs of infant formula at different stages of bottle preparation (dry powdered formula, liquid prepared formula, and liquid waste). Gram weights were measured by the RFPM and the directly weighed foods method with the aim of the RFPM to estimate food intake within 10% of the directly wegihed foods method. The effects of trial number and caregiver status on the preparation of dry powdered formula and liquid prepared formula were also examined.
Results: The RFPM estimated liquid formula intake within 10% of the directly weighed foods method in 2 fluid ounce, 4 fluid ounce, and 6 fluid ounce bottles by ‐4.1 ± 14.4% (P<0.0001), 2.8 ± 16.3% (P=0.1550), and 7.0 ± 12.4% (P<0.0001), respectively. The RFPM estimated liquid formula intake by 14.0 ± 10.3% (P<0.0001) in 8 fluid ounce bottles. There were no significant differences for the effects of trial number and caregiver status on infant formula preparation except for a significant main effect of caregiver status on the preparation of dry powdered formula of 2 fluid ounce bottles (P=0.05).Conclusion: Accuracy of the RFPM is comparable to other objective methods without excess cost or burden. The RFPM is therefore a viable method for measuring infant formula intake in infants with potential for widespread use in research and clinical practice.
The Sedentary Time and Activity Reporting Questionnaire: reliability and validity against doubly labeled water and seven‐day activity diaries (36.8)
Authors: Csizmadi Ilona , Neilson Heather , Kopciuk Karen , Khandwala Farah , Liu Andrew , Friedenreich Christine , Yasui Yutaka , Rabasa‐Lhoret Remi , Bryant Heather , Lau David , Robson Paula 
Published: June 2021

We determined the measurement properties of the Sedentary Time and Activity Reporting Questionnaire (STAR‐Q) designed to estimate past‐month activity energy expenditure (AEE). STAR‐Q validity and reliability were assessed in 102 men and women in Alberta, Canada (2009‐2011), who completed 14‐day doubly‐labeled water protocols, 7‐day activity diaries beginning on Day 15 and the STAR‐Q on Day 14 and again at three and six months. Reliability of the STAR‐Q over the first three months was substantial (ICC = 0.84 and 0.73) for total energy expenditure (TEE) and AEE, respectively. STAR‐Q‐derived TEE and AEE were moderately correlated with DLW estimates (Spearman rhos =0.53 and 0.40 respectively; p<0.001). Body mass index, age, gender and season adjusted‐concordance correlation coefficients (CCCadj) were 0.24 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.36) and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.32) for STAR‐Q versus DLW‐derived TEE and AEE, respectively. Agreement between the diaries and STAR‐Q in MET‐hours/day was strongest for occupational sedentary time (CCCadj=0.76 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.85)) and for strenuous activity (CCCadj=0.64 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.76)). The STAR‐Q demonstrates substantial reliability and reasonable validity for ranking individuals by AEE, occupational sedentary time, and strenuous activity and can be used in epidemiologic studies investigating the health effects of overall energy expenditure and its sub‐dimension components.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Alberta Cancer Research Institute
Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms predict greater decrease in calcium absorption (373.1)
Authors: Chang Brian , Sukumar Deeptha , Schlussel Yvette , Gordon Derek , Shapses Sue 
Published: June 2021

Genetic variation may account for more than 70% of the variance in Ca absorption, and several studies suggest that vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms influence absorption. Estrogen is also known to affect Ca absorption, yet only one study has examined the influence of estrogen‐α (ESR1) gene polymorphisms. Ca absorption is attenuated during caloric restriction (CR) and is increased by vitamin D supplementation (VitD). We therefore studied whether the ESR1 and VDR polymorphisms influence the Ca absorption response 6 weeks after either CR or VitD supplementation. True fractional calcium absorption (TFCA) was measured in 180 pre‐ and post‐menopausal women. Genotypes for the VDR (BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI) and the ESR1 (XbaI, PvuII) polymorphisms were determined through PCR‐RFLP analysis and the haplotypes were reconstructed using PHASE v2.1.1. Multiple linear regression and two‐way ANOVA analyses using dietary interventions and the dominant/recessive models as predictors showed that in the absence and presence of a dietary intervention, the BB genotype and the 2 copies of BAt allele predicted a greater decrease in TFCA. We found no association with the ESR1 polymorphisms. Our findings suggest that the VDR polymorphism improves the ability to predict Ca absorption under a variety of conditions and may influence dietary Ca requirements.Grant Funding Source: NIH‐AG12161
Selenoprotein P and apolipoprotein E receptor‐2 interact at the blood‐brain barrier and within the brain to protect against neurodegeneration (374.6)
Authors: Burk Raymond , Hill Kristina , Motley Amy , Winfrey Virginia , Kurokawa Suguru , Mitchell Stuart , Zhang Wanqi 
Published: June 2021

The brain retains selenium under selenium‐deficient (0 Se) conditions better than other tissues. Selenoprotein P (Sepp1) and its receptor apolipoprotein E receptor‐2 (apoER2) are both necessary for this retention. Feeding 0 Se diet to weanling mice with either of these proteins knocked out leads to severe brain injury within 4 weeks. Little is known about the interactions of Sepp1 and apoER2 that protect against brain injury. We studied these proteins and brain selenium in knockout mice. Immunocytochemistry showed that apoER2 mediated Sepp1 uptake by choroid plexus and brain capillaries in the fetus but only by choroid plexus in the adult. ApoER2 mRNA in adult brain was 11% of that in fetal brain, consistent with lesser uptake of Sepp1 at the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) in the adult than in the fetus. Severe brain injury occurred in knockout mice fed 0 Se diet when brain selenium fell to 34‐39 ng/g. However, mice with selective knockout of Sepp1 in hepatocytes fed 0 Se diet for 40 weeks tolerated brain selenium of 12 ng/g without severe brain injury. Thus, Sepp1 within the brain prevents the injury. These results indicate that 2 levels of Sepp1‐apoER2 interaction occur to supply neurons with selenium. One results in selenium uptake at the BBB and the other occurs within the brain. We postulate that Sepp1 synthesized inside the BBB is taken up by neurons through apoER2‐mediated endocytosis, concentrating brain selenium in neurons.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH ES002497
Doctors fail to offer advice about omega‐3s to those who need it most (379.7)
Authors: Bangia Deepika , Palmer‐Keenan Debra 
Published: June 2021

A grocery store tour podcast was developed to inform shoppers about the health benefits of omega‐3s (n‐3s) and foods to increase n‐3 consumption. This study specifically examined shoppers who had a history including one of 12 health conditions that may be ameliorated by increased n‐3 consumption (N=223). Participants were recruited from 20 New Jersey grocery stores, and surveyed pre‐intervention to assess if their doctors had ever made them aware of n‐3s’ benefits or advised them to increase their n‐3 consumption. After having listened to the podcast as they shopped, participants were asked to show the researcher any foods they had purchased as a result of listening to the podcast, and the foods were verified to be n‐3 rich foods. Most participants were female (n=173) with a mean age of 52.6±12.4 years. Just over a third of the study population (n=83) had been advised to consume more n‐3s. Notably, those with heart conditions or high‐triglycerides (n=40) were most likely to have been apprised about n‐3s, as about half (n=21, 53%) had been advised by their doctors to consume more. Of the 47 women who were of child bearing age (<45 years), less than one third (n=15) had received any advice from doctors regarding n‐3s to support the birth of healthy babies. As a result of listening to the podcast 108 shoppers (49%) bought at least one n‐3 rich food (mean = 1.2 ± 0.5), and 194 shoppers (88%) indicated they would buy n‐3 rich foods in the future. These results suggest that doctors do not adequately address n‐3s benefits/consumption among patients who would likely most benefit from this advice. Further, it suggests that when offered information regarding the benefits of n‐3s and counseled on foods to purchase via this innovative means of providing nutrition education at the point of purchase, n‐3 rich food purchases increase.Grant Funding Source: Supported by New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station