bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of acute cardiovascular complications in pregnancy
Authors: Egidy Assenza Gabriele , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Budts Werner , Donti Andrea , Economy Katherine E , Gargiulo Gaetano Domenico , Gatzoulis Michael , Landzberg Michael Job , Valente Anne Marie , Roos-Hesselink Jolien 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The growing population of women with heart disease of reproductive age has been associated with an increasing number of high-risk pregnancies. Pregnant women with heart disease are a very heterogeneous population, with different risks for maternal cardiovascular, obstetric, and foetal complications. Adverse cardiovascular events during pregnancy pose significant clinical challenges, with uncertainties regarding diagnostic and therapeutic approaches potentially compromising maternal and foetal health. This review summarizes best practice for the treatment of common cardiovascular complications during pregnancy, based on expert opinion, current guidelines, and available evidence. Topics covered include heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, aortic and thromboembolic events, and the management of mechanical heart valves during pregnancy. Cardiovascular pathology is the leading cause of non-obstetric morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in developed countries. For women with pre-existing cardiac conditions, preconception counselling and structured follow-up during pregnancy are important measures for reducing the risk of acute cardiovascular complications during gestation and at the time of delivery. However, many women do not receive pre-pregnancy counselling often due to gaps in what should be lifelong care, and physicians are increasingly encountering pregnant women who present acutely with cardiac complications, including HF, arrhythmias, aortic events, coronary syndromes, and bleeding or thrombotic events. This review provides a summary of recommendations on the management of acute cardiovascular complication during pregnancy, based on available literature and expert opinion. This article covers the diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy and is organized according to the clinical presentation and the type of complication, providing a reference for the practicing cardiologist, obstetrician, and acute medicine specialist, while highlighting areas of need and potential future research.
Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pallikadavath Susil , Ashton Leah , Brunskill Nigel J , Burton James O , Gray Laura J , Major Rupert W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study assessed the risks and benefits of aspirin in the primary prevention of CVD in individuals with CKD.

Methods and results
Ovid MEDLINE was searched from 2015 to 15th of September 2020 to include randomized controlled trials that assessed aspirin versus placebo in adults with non-end stage CKD without a previous diagnosis of CVD. A pre-specified protocol was registered with PROSPERO (identification number CRD42014008860). A random effects model was used to calculate a pooled hazard ratio (HR), pooled risk difference, and the number needed to treat or harm (NNT/NNH). The primary endpoint was CVD. Secondary endpoints included: all-cause mortality; coronary heart disease; stroke; and major and minor bleeding events. Five trials were identified (n = 7852 total, n = 3935 aspirin, n = 3917 placebo). Overall, 434 CVD events occurred. There was no statistically significant reduction in CVD events (HR 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54–1.08; P = 0.13, I2 = 63%), all-cause mortality (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.74–1.19; P = 0.60, I2 = 21%), coronary heart disease events (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.27–1.63; P = 0.37, I2 = 64%) or stroke (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.6–1.27; P = 0.48, I2 = 24%) from aspirin therapy. The risk of major bleeding events were increased by approximately 50% (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.13–2.05; P = 0.01, I2 = 0%) and minor bleeding events were more than doubled (HR 2.64, 95% CI 1.64–4.23; P &lt; 0.01, I2 = 0%).

Conclusions
Aspirin cannot be routinely recommended for the primary prevention of CVD in individuals with CKD as there is no evidence for its benefit but there is an increased risk of bleeding.
Aspartic acid racemization and repair in the survival and recovery of hyperthermophiles after prolonged starvation at high temperature
Authors: Liang Renxing , Robb Frank T , Onstott Tullis C 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Long-term survivability is well-known for microorganisms in nutrient-depleted environments, but the damage accrued by proteins and the associated repair processes during the starvation and recovery phase of microbial life still remain enigmatic. We focused on aspartic acid (Asp) racemization and repair in the survival of Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus litoralis under starvation conditions at high temperature. Despite the dramatic decrease of viability over time, 0.002% of P. furiosus cells (2.1×103 cells/mL) and 0.23% of T. litoralis cells (2.3×105 cells/mL) remained viable after 25 and 50 days, respectively. The D/L Asp ratio in the starved cells was approximately half of those from the autoclaved cells, suggesting that the starving cells were capable of partially repairing racemized Asp. Transcriptomic analyses of the recovered cells of T. litoralis indicated that the gene encoding Protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase (PIMT) might be involved in the repair of damaged proteins by converting D-Asp back to L-Asp during the resuscitation of starved cells. Collectively, our results provided evidence that Asp underwent racemization in the surviving hyperthermophilic cells under starved conditions and PIMT played a critical role in the repair of abnormal aspartyl residues during the initial recovery of starved, yet still viable, cells.
Meat juice contributes to the stability of ethanol adaptation in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis
Authors: He Shoukui , Fong Karen , Wang Siyun , Shi Xianming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Stability assessment of observed tolerance phenotypes is integral in understanding stress adaptation in food-borne pathogens. Therefore, the current work was carried out to determine whether ethanol adaptation induced by exposure to 5 per cent ethanol for 60 min is a stable phenomenon in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. The capacity of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) to maintain the acquired ethanol adaptation in the absence of sublethal ethanol stress was investigated at 37 °C, 25 °C or 4 °C in Luria–Bertani broth and two types of meat juice. It was found that ethanol adaptation was completely reversed within 40 min at 37 °C or within 60 min at 25 °C, but was stable at 4 °C for at least 48 h in the broth assay. Ethanol adaptation was retained in chicken juice during 60-min incubation at 25 °C or 48-h incubation at 4 °C. Moreover, exposure to pork juice stored at either 25 °C or 4 °C significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased the ethanol tolerance of ethanol-adapted cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that ethanol adaptation stability in S. Enteritidis under cold conditions and in meat juices should be taken into account when conducting a comprehensive risk analysis during food processing.
Impact of the 2008 Recession on Wealth-Adjusted Income and Inequality for U.S. Cohorts
Authors: Zewde Naomi , Crystal Stephen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
To examine the distributional effects of the 2008 recession and subsequent recovery across generational cohorts.

Methods
Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (2007–2016), we constructed a measure of economic well-being accounting for income, household size, and annuitized value of assets. We examine trajectories of adjusted income and inequality, using Gini coefficients and income shares by decile, for the overall population and by cohort during the recession and recovery.

Results
Inequality declined temporarily during the recession, but reached new highs during the recovery. During recovery, population-level increases in economic resources were not reflected among below-median households, as the more concentrated financial assets rose while broader-based home equity and employment fell or remained stagnant. Inequality measures increased for cohorts in their primary working years (Generation-X and Baby Boomers), but not among the younger Millennials, who were at early stages of education, workforce entry, and household formation.

Discussion
The study illustrates an integrative approach to analyzing cumulative dis/advantage by considering interactions between historically consistent macrolevel events, such as economic shocks or policy choices affecting all cohorts, and the persistent life-course processes that tend to increase heterogeneity and inequality as cohorts age over time. Although recovery policies led to rapid recovery of financial asset values, they did not proportionately reach those below the median or their economic resource types. Results suggest that in a high-inequality environment, recovery policies from economic shocks may need tailoring to all levels of resources in order to achieve more equitable recovery outcomes and prevent exacerbating cohort inequality trajectories.
Traversing the Aging Research and Health Equity Divide: Toward Intersectional Frameworks of Research Justice and Participation
Authors: Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea , Croff Raina , Glover Crystal M , Jackson Jonathan D , Resendez Jason , Perez Adriana , Zuelsdorff Megan , Green-Harris Gina , Manly Jennifer J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMeaningful reductions in racial and ethnic inequities in chronic diseases of aging remain unlikely without major advancements in the inclusion of minoritized populations in aging research. While sparse, studies investigating research participation disparities have predominantly focused on individual-level factors and behavioral change, overlooking the influence of study design, structural factors, and social determinants of health on participation. This is also reflected in conventional practices that consistently fail to address established participation barriers, such as study requirements that impose financial, transportation, linguistic, and/or logistical barriers that disproportionately burden participants belonging to minoritized populations. These shortcomings not only risk exacerbating distrust toward research and researchers, but also introduce significant selection biases, diminishing our ability to detect differential mechanisms of risk, resilience, and response to interventions across subpopulations. This forum article examines the intersecting factors that drive both health inequities in aging and disparate participation in aging research among minoritized populations. Using an intersectional, social justice, and emancipatory lens, we characterize the role of social determinants, historical contexts, and contemporaneous structures in shaping research accessibility and inclusion. We also introduce frameworks to accelerate transformative theoretical approaches to fostering equitable inclusion of minoritized populations in aging research.
Full waveform inversion in fractured media based on velocity–stress wave equations in the time domain
Authors: Wang Kang , Peng Suping , Lu Yongxu , Cui Xiaoqin 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARY
In the process of seismic wave propagation, the presence of fractures will cause a seismic wave response associated with fracture compliance. Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an effective way to quantitatively obtain fracture compliance values, which can simulate seismic wave propagation in a fractured medium and compute the gradient expression of the fracture compliance parameters. To obtain the fracture compliance parameters quantitatively, a new technique based on FWI needs to be proposed. Based on linear slip theory, a new finite-difference scheme using a rotated grid has been developed to simulate the propagation of seismic waves in fractured media. The corresponding adjoint equation for FWI and the gradient of fracture parameter expression are presented. The crosstalk between normal compliance and tangential compliance is analysed in a homogeneous background medium. Numerical simulations in double-layer media show that the new gradient equation is effective.
Big data analytics and COVID-19: investigating the relationship between government policies and cases in Poland, Turkey and South Korea
Authors: Sözen Mert Erkan , Sarıyer Görkem , Ataman Mustafa Gökalp 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We used big data analytics for exploring the relationship between government response policies, human mobility trends and numbers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases comparatively in Poland, Turkey and South Korea. We collected daily mobility data of retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential areas. For quantifying the actions taken by governments and making a fairness comparison between these countries, we used stringency index values measured with the ‘Oxford COVID-19 government response tracker’. For the Turkey case, we also developed a model by implementing the multilayer perceptron algorithm for predicting numbers of cases based on the mobility data. We finally created scenarios based on the descriptive statistics of the mobility data of these countries and generated predictions on the numbers of cases by using the developed model. Based on the descriptive analysis, we pointed out that while Poland and Turkey had relatively closer values and distributions on the study variables, South Korea had more stable data compared to Poland and Turkey. We mainly showed that while the stringency index of the current day was associated with mobility data of the same day, the current day’s mobility was associated with the numbers of cases 1 month later. By obtaining 89.3% prediction accuracy, we also concluded that the use of mobility data and implementation of big data analytics technique may enable decision-making in managing uncertain environments created by outbreak situations. We finally proposed implications for policymakers for deciding on the targeted levels of mobility to maintain numbers of cases in a manageable range based on the results of created scenarios.
Uncrewed surface vehicle (USV) survey of walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus, in response to the cancellation of ship-based surveys
Authors: De Robertis Alex , Levine Mike , Lauffenburger Nathan , Honkalehto Taina , Ianelli James , Monnahan Cole C , Towler Rick , Jones Darin , Stienessen Sarah , McKelvey Denise 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In 2020, the developing COVID-19 pandemic disrupted fisheries surveys to an unprecedented extent. Many surveys were cancelled, including those for walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS), the largest fishery in the United States. To partially mitigate the loss of survey information, we deployed three uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs) equipped with echosounders to extend the ship-based acoustic-trawl time series of pollock abundance. Trawling was not possible from USVs, so an empirical relationship between pollock backscatter and biomass established from previous surveys was developed to convert USV backscatter observations into pollock abundance. The EBS is well suited for this approach since pollock dominate midwater fishes in the survey area. Acoustic data from the USVs were combined with historical surveys to provide a consistent fishery-independent index in 2020. This application demonstrates the unique capabilities of USVs and how they could be rapidly deployed to collect information on pollock abundance and distribution when a ship-based survey was not feasible. We note the limitations of this approach (e.g. higher uncertainty relative to previous ship-based surveys), but found the USV survey to be useful in informing the stock assessment in a situation where ship-based surveys were not possible.
Gestational diabetes and risk of breast cancer before age 55 years
Authors: Bertrand Kimberly A , O’Brien Katie M , Wright Lauren B , Palmer Julie R , Blot William J , Eliassen A Heather , Rosenberg Lynn , Sandin Sven , Tobias Deirdre , Weiderpass Elisabete , Zheng Wei , Swerdlow Anthony J , Schoemaker Minouk J , Nichols Hazel B , Sandler Dale P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with breast cancer risk in some studies, particularly in young women, but results of cohort studies are conflicting.

Methods
We pooled data from 257 290 young (age &lt;55 years) women from five cohorts. We used multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between GDM history and risk of breast cancer, overall and by oestrogen receptor (ER) status, before age 55 years, adjusted for established breast cancer risk factors.

Results
Five percent of women reported a history of GDM and 6842 women reported an incident breast-cancer diagnosis (median follow-up = 16 years; maximum = 24 years). Compared with parous women without GDM, women with a history of GDM were not at increased risk of young-onset breast cancer overall (HR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.03) or by ER status (HR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.16 for ER-positive; HR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.47 for ER-negative). Compared with nulliparous women, parous women with a history of GDM had a lower risk of breast cancer overall (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.91) and of ER-positive (HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.02) but not ER-negative (HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.54) invasive breast cancer. These results were consistent with the HRs comparing parous women without GDM to nulliparous women.

Conclusions
Results of this analysis do not support the hypothesis that GDM is a risk factor for breast cancer in young women. Our findings suggest that the well-established protective effect of parity on risk of ER-positive breast cancer persists even for pregnancies complicated by GDM.
Point of care testing for infectious disease: ownership and quality
Authors: Lisby Jan Gorm , Schneider Uffe Vest 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Traditionally, diagnosis of acute infections has been organism-growth based, which makes timely and actionable infection diagnosis a major challenge. In addition, traditional microbial detection methods, including direct microscopy, are not suited for outsourcing to clinical, non-laboratory-educated personnel. Optimal management of patients with known or suspected clinical infections, such as targeted (or no) antimicrobial treatment and correct use of single room contact isolation facilities, requires rapid identification of the causative infectious microorganism. We are now facing a new disruptive paradigm shift in diagnostic microbiology. The availability of small-footprint robust instruments with easy-to-use assay kits allows non-laboratory-trained nurses and physicians to perform high-quality molecular diagnostics in a near-patient setting with results available in &lt;30 minutes. This technology is currently breaking the centralized laboratory monopoly on the delivery of gold-standard clinical microbiology diagnostics. There is clear potential for huge positive impacts on clinical patient management and antibiotic stewardship, especially in settings where access to timely laboratory test results is not possible, but there are also potentially huge risks. Moving diagnostic testing away from the controlled diagnostic laboratory environment will lead to risks such as increased risk of inappropriate use of the diagnostic tests, insufficient training of staff performing the tests, incorrect interpretation of the test results, lack of quality control procedures, failure to capture test results in electronic patient records and compromised local as well as national surveillance. To reap the upside and avoid the downside of point-of-care infectious disease testing, the diagnostic laboratory needs to maintain oversight, and each institution must have a clear strategy for implementation and execution. If we fail, the risks could outweigh the benefits.
Preparation of the ubiquitination-triggered active form of SETDB1 in Escherichia coli for biochemical and structural analyses
Authors: Funyu Tomoko , Kanemaru Yuka , Onoda Hiroki , Arita Kyohei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Trimethylation of histone H3 at K9 by the lysine methyltransferase, SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETDB1) plays a pivotal role in silencing tissue-specific genes and retrotransposable elements. In mammalian cells, SETDB1 undergoes monoubiquitination in the insertion region of the SET domain in an E3 ubiquitin ligase-independent manner. This ubiquitination has been shown to enhance the histone H3-K9 methyltransferase activity of SETDB1; however, the molecular mechanism underlying SETDB1 activation by ubiquitination is unknown. In this study, we developed an Escherichia coli ubiquitination plasmid for the preparation of ubiquitinated SETDB1. Western blotting and mutational analyses showed that co-expression of the SET domain of SETDB1 with the proteins encoded by the ubiquitination plasmid led to site-specific monoubiquitination of the SET domain at K867. An in vitro histone H3 methylation assay demonstrated that the ubiquitinated SET domain of SETDB1 acquired enzymatic activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate successful preparation of the active form of SETDB1 with the E.coli ubiquitination system, which will aid biochemical and structural studies of ubiquitinated SETDB1.
Management of a Pediatric Burn Center During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Erturk Ahmet , Demir Sabri , Oztorun Can İhsan , Erten Elif Emel , Guney Dogus , Bostanci Suleyman Arif , Sahin Vildan Selin , Kiris Atike Gulsah , Bay Hatice Kübra , Bedir Demirdag Tugba , Keskin Gulsen , Azili Mujdem Nur , Senel Emrah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of an algorithm that was created to prevent coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) transmission during the management of children with burns in a tertiary pediatric burn center. Children admitted to the burn center between May 2020 and November 2020 were prospectively evaluated for cause, burn depth, TBSA, length of stay, symptoms suggesting COVID-19, suspicious contact history, history of travel abroad, and COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results. Patients were divided into two groups: unsuspected (group 1) and suspected (group 2), depending on any history of suspicious contact, travel abroad, and/or presence of symptoms. A total of 101 patients were enrolled in the study, which included 59 boys (58.4%) and 42 girls (41.6%). Group 1 included 79 (78.2%) patients, and group 2 consisted of 22 (21.8%) patients. The most common cause of the burns was scald injuries (74.2%). The mean age, TBSA, and length of stay were 4.5 years, 12.0%, and 13.2 days, respectively. Four patients (3.9%) had a positive PCR test (two patients in each group). Comparing groups, males were more commonly found in group 2 (P = .042), but no differences were found for the other variables. No patients or burn center staff members developed COVID-19 during the course of hospitalization. In conclusion, every child should be tested for COVID-19 upon admission to a burn unit, and a modified algorithm should be constructed for the handling and management of pediatric burn patients.