bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales (SIS/SES) in Italy: Assessing Gender and Age Differences of Sexual Functioning
Authors: Panzeri Marta , Dadomo Harold , Ronconi Lucia , Fontanesi Lilybeth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Sexual Inhibition Scales and Sexual Excitation Scales (Janssen et al., 2002a), based on the dual control model by Bancroft and Janssen (2000), are part of a 45-item self-report questionnaire evaluating individual tendencies to sexual inhibition or excitation according to three factors: two inhibition factors, SIS1, threat of performance failure, and SIS2, threat of performance consequences, and one excitation factor, SES. In this paper, we aimed to validate and explore psychometric properties of the SIS/SES in a sample of 2260 Italian men and women aged 18 to 75 years. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the three-factor structure proposed in the original version of the scales fit with our sample. Moreover, our data confirmed the results of the original validation sample: Women scored higher on the SIS and lower on the SES than men did, but no significant differences appeared in the factor scores by age group, except for a gender × age interaction, where younger women had higher SIS2 scores. The SIS/SES appeared to be an effective, appropriate cross-cultural measurement of human sexuality in Italian samples, also shedding light on sexual arousal differences in women and men in our country. We also discuss clinical and therapeutic aspects.
Correlation between MRI morphological response patterns and histopathological tumor regression after neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in locally advanced breast cancer: a randomized phase II trial
Authors: Reis Joana , Thomas Owen , Lahooti Maryam , Lyngra Marianne , Schandiz Hossein , Boavida Joao , Gjesdal Kjell-Inge , Sauer Torill , Geisler Jürgen , Geitung Jonn Terje 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To correlate MRI morphological response patterns with histopathological tumor regression grading system based on tumor cellularity in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC)-treated neoadjuvant with third-generation aromatase inhibitors.

Methods
Fifty postmenopausal patients with ER-positive/HER-2-negative LABC treated with neoadjuvant letrozole and exemestane given sequentially in an intra-patient cross-over regimen for at least 4 months with MRI response monitoring at baseline as well as after at least 2 and 4 months on treatment. The MRI morphological response pattern was classified into 6 categories: 0/complete imaging response; I/concentric shrinkage; II/fragmentation; III/diffuse; IV/stable; and V/progressive. Histopathological tumor regression was assessed based on the recommendations from The Royal College of Pathologists regarding tumor cellularity.

Results
Following 2 and 4 months with therapy, the most common MRI pattern was pattern II (24/50 and 21/50, respectively). After 4 months on therapy, the most common histopathological tumor regression grade was grade 3 (21/50). After 4 months an increasing correlation is observed between MRI patterns and histopathology. The overall correlation, between the largest tumor diameter obtained from MRI and histopathology, was moderate and positive (r = 0.50, P-value = 2e-04). Among them, the correlation was highest in type IV (r = 0.53).

Conclusion
The type II MRI pattern “fragmentation” was more frequent in the histopathological responder group; and types I and IV in the non-responder group. Type II pattern showed the best endocrine responsiveness and a relatively moderate correlation between sizes obtained from MRI and histology, whereas type IV pattern indicated endocrine resistance but the strongest correlation between MRI and histology.
Newton-type methods near critical solutions of piecewise smooth nonlinear equations
Authors: Fischer A. , Izmailov A. F. , Jelitte M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is well-recognized that in the presence of singular (and in particular nonisolated) solutions of unconstrained or constrained smooth nonlinear equations, the existence of critical solutions has a crucial impact on the behavior of various Newton-type methods. On the one hand, it has been demonstrated that such solutions turn out to be attractors for sequences generated by these methods, for wide domains of starting points, and with a linear convergence rate estimate. On the other hand, the pattern of convergence to such solutions is quite special, and allows for a sharp characterization which serves, in particular, as a basis for some known acceleration techniques, and for the proof of an asymptotic acceptance of the unit stepsize. The latter is an essential property for the success of these techniques when combined with a linesearch strategy for globalization of convergence. This paper aims at extensions of these results to piecewise smooth equations, with applications to corresponding reformulations of nonlinear complementarity problems.
Wigner’s friend and Relational Quantum Mechanics: A Reply to Laudisa
Authors: Weststeijn Nikki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRelational Quantum Mechanics is an interpretation of quantum mechanics proposed by Carlo Rovelli. Rovelli argues that, in the same spirit as Einstein’s theory of relativity, physical quantities can only have definite values relative to an observer. Relational Quantum Mechanics is hereby able to offer a principled explanation of the problem of nested measurement, also known as Wigner’s friend. Since quantum states are taken to be relative states that depend on both the system and the observer, there is no inconsistency in the descriptions of the observers. Federico Laudisa has recently argued, however, that Rovelli’s description of Wigner’s friend is ambiguous, because it does not take into account the correlation between the observer and the quantum system. He argues that if this correlation is taken into account, the problem with Wigner’s friend disappears and, therefore, a relativization of quantum states is not necessary. I will show that Laudisa’s criticism is not justified. To the extent that the correlation can be accurately reflected, the problem of Wigner’s friend remains. An interpretation of quantum mechanics that provides a solution to it, like Relational Quantum Mechanics, is therefore a welcome one.
Ceramic Production and Social Change in the South east of the Iberian Peninsula between the Islamic and Christian Periods: The Case of Granada
Authors: Busto Zapico Miguel , García Porras Alberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe major social and political shifts undergone by the south eastern Iberian Peninsula, and specifically Granada, Spain, between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries brought about clear changes in the ceramic repertoire. This work analyzes these changes through the comparative analysis of three archaeological sites: the Castle of Moclín, the Palace of the Abencerrajes, and the Fortress of Lanjarón. These sites present a clear transitional sequence spanning Nasrid repertoires and Early Modern Castilian productions, including instances of both continuity and rupture. The article advances a new statistical methodology to analyze the degree of standardization of these productions, the coefficient of variation.
Performing arithmetic using a neural network trained on images of digit permutation pairs
Authors: Bloice Marcus D. , Roth Peter M. , Holzinger Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a neural network is trained to perform simple arithmetic using images of concatenated handwritten digit pairs. A convolutional neural network was trained with images consisting of two side-by-side handwritten digits, where the image’s label is the summation of the two digits contained in the combined image. Crucially, the network was tested on permutation pairs that were not present during training in an effort to see if the network could learn the task of addition, as opposed to simply mapping images to labels. A dataset was generated for all possible permutation pairs of length 2 for the digits 0–9 using MNIST as a basis for the images, with one thousand samples generated for each permutation pair. For testing the network, samples generated from previously unseen permutation pairs were fed into the trained network, and its predictions measured. Results were encouraging, with the network achieving an accuracy of over 90% on some permutation train/test splits. This suggests that the network learned at first digit recognition, and subsequently the further task of addition based on the two recognised digits. As far as the authors are aware, no previous work has concentrated on learning a mathematical operation in this way. This paper is an attempt to demonstrate that a network can learn more than a direct mapping from image to label, but is learning to analyse two separate regions of an image and combining what was recognised to produce the final output label.
Do Spectra Live in the Matrix? A Brief Tutorial on Applications of Factor Analysis to Resolving Spectral Datasets of Mixtures
Authors: Kałka Andrzej J. , Turek Andrzej M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn spite of a rapid growth of data processing software, that has allowed for a huge advancement in many fields of chemistry, some research issues still remain problematic. A standard example of a troublesome challenge is the analysis of multi-component mixtures. The classical approach to such a problem consists of separating each component from a sample and performing individual measurements. The advent of computers, however, gave rise to a relatively new domain of data processing – chemometry – focused on decomposing signal recorded for the sample rather than the sample itself. Regrettably, still a very few chemometric methods are practically used in everyday laboratory routines. The Authors believe that a brief ‘user-friendly’ guide-like article on several ‘flagship’ algorithms of chemometrics may, at least partly, stimulate an increased interest in the use of these techniques among researchers specializing in many fields of chemistry. In the paper, five different techniques of factor analysis are used for the analysis of a three-component system of fluorophores. These algorithms, applied on the excitation-emission spectra, recorded for the ‘unknown’ mixture, allowed to unambiguously determine its composition without the need for physical separation of the components. An example of using chemometric methods for physical chemistry research is also provided. For each presented technique of the data analysis, a short description of its theoretical background followed by an example of its practical performance is given. In addition, the Reader is supplemented with a basic information on matrix algebra, detailed experimental ‘recipes’, reference specialist literature and ready-to-use MATLAB codes.
Graphical abstract
Gender Differences in Forgiveness and its Affective Correlates
Authors: Kaleta Kinga , Mróz Justyna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough women are believed to be more forgiving than men, the results of many studies comparing women with men vary. Moreover, little is known about unique correlates or differential patterns of experiencing forgiveness by gender. In the present study, we compared men and women in terms of their level of dispositional forgiveness and its emotional correlates, namely positive and negative affect, anxiety, and emotional control. The sample consisted of 625 individuals aged 19–69, of whom 478 (76.5%) were women and 147 (23.5%) were men. Polish versions of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used. Men showed a higher level of general forgiveness and greater willingness to overcome unforgiveness than women, but there was no significant difference in positive facets of the disposition to forgive. In both genders negative affect, anxiety, and control of anger and of depression were negatively related to dimensions of dispositional forgiveness, and positive affect was positively associated with forgiveness. In females control of anxiety was negatively and in males it was positively related to facets of forgiveness. Gender moderated a number of links between affective traits and forgiveness of self and of situations beyond control, but not forgiveness of others.
Identification of factors for a successful implementation of medication reviews in community pharmacies: Using Positive Deviance in pharmaceutical care
Authors: Waltering Isabell , Schwalbe Oliver , Hempel Georg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground Pharmacists in community pharmacies worldwide successfully conduct an increasing number of medication reviews (MR). Since June 2012 MR are incorporated in the German ordinance on the operation of pharmacies as pharmaceutical service. In November 2014, a German guideline for MR was established. Different teaching programmes for MR were implemented since. Despite these favorable conditions, only few pharmacies conduct MR regularly. Objective: Identification of factors necessary for a successful implementation of MR in community pharmacies. Setting: Community pharmacies located in the area of the Pharmacists’ Chamber Westphalia-Lippe (Part of Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany). Method: Following a Positive-Deviance approach, telephone interviews were conducted in community pharmacies with pharmacy-owners, MR-trained employed pharmacists, and technicians. Data evaluation was performed using qualitative content analysis. Main outcome results: Successful strategies for implementing MR in community pharmacies. Results: Forty-four interviews were conducted and analysed. Thirty-three success factors were identified. Data analysis revealed two groups of success-factors important for implementation of MR; organisational (n = 25) and individual factors (n = 8). Relevant organisational success-factor were involvement of the entire team with active involvement of technicians, documentation of results in the pharmacy software and training in patient-identification and communication. Restructuring of workflows increased time-periods for MR. Important individual success-factors were: motivation and identification with the service, routine in execution to enhance self-esteem, and specialisation in pharmacotherapy of particular diseases. Pharmacy-owners play a pivotal role as motivators. Professional healthcare attitude, exhibited in daily routine, leads to increased acceptance by patients and practitioners and thus increases implementation-rates considerably. Conclusion: We were able to define strategies for successful implementation of MR in community pharmacies.
Different algorithms, different models
Authors: Swiatczak Martyna Daria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study assesses the extent to which the two main Configurational Comparative Methods (CCMs), i.e. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Coincidence Analysis (CNA), produce different models. It further explains how this non-identity is due to the different algorithms upon which both methods are based, namely QCA’s Quine–McCluskey algorithm and the CNA algorithm. I offer an overview of the fundamental differences between QCA and CNA and demonstrate both underlying algorithms on three data sets of ascending proximity to real-world data. Subsequent simulation studies in scenarios of varying sample sizes and degrees of noise in the data show high overall ratios of non-identity between the QCA parsimonious solution and the CNA atomic solution for varying analytical choices, i.e. different consistency and coverage threshold values and ways to derive QCA’s parsimonious solution. Clarity on the contrasts between the two methods is supposed to enable scholars to make more informed decisions on their methodological approaches, enhance their understanding of what is happening behind the results generated by the software packages, and better navigate the interpretation of results. Clarity on the non-identity between the underlying algorithms and their consequences for the results is supposed to provide a basis for a methodological discussion about which method and which variants thereof are more successful in deriving which search target.
Visuals and attention to earnings news on twitter
Authors: Nekrasov Alexander , Teoh Siew Hong , Wu Shijia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe propose the visual attention hypothesis that visuals in firm earnings announcements increase attention to the earnings news. We find that visuals in firms’ Twitter earnings announcements are associated with more retweets, consistent with greater user engagement with announcements that have visuals. This result holds for earnings tweets sent by the same firm and on the same day in firm-level and tweet-level analyses. Consistent with managerial opportunism, firms are more likely to use visuals in their earnings tweets when performance is good but less persistent. Consistent with visuals increasin g investor attention, the initial return response to earnings news is stronger and the post-announcement response is lower when visuals are used. Our evidence of a post-announcement return reversal indicates that visuals can be a double-edged sword. Furthermore, the higher earnings response coefficient from visuals is more pronounced on days with high investor distraction (when many other firms are also announcing earnings).
Graphical abstract
Active Region Contributions to the Solar Wind over Multiple Solar Cycles
Authors: Stansby David , Green Lucie M. , van Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia , Horbury Timothy S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBoth coronal holes and active regions are source regions of the solar wind. The distribution of these coronal structures across both space and time is well known, but it is unclear how much each source contributes to the solar wind. In this study we use photospheric magnetic field maps observed over the past four solar cycles to estimate what fraction of magnetic open solar flux is rooted in active regions, a proxy for the fraction of all solar wind originating in active regions. We find that the fractional contribution of active regions to the solar wind varies between 30% to 80% at any one time during solar maximum and is negligible at solar minimum, showing a strong correlation with sunspot number. While active regions are typically confined to latitudes ±30∘ in the corona, the solar wind they produce can reach latitudes up to ±60∘. Their fractional contribution to the solar wind also correlates with coronal mass ejection rate, and is highly variable, changing by ±20% on monthly timescales within individual solar maxima. We speculate that these variations could be driven by coronal mass ejections causing reconfigurations of the coronal magnetic field on sub-monthly timescales.
‘Animals run about the world in all sorts of paths’: varieties of indeterminism
Authors: Mulder Jesse M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn her seminal essay ‘Causality and Determination’, Elizabeth Anscombe very decidedly announced that “physical indeterminism” is “indispensable if we are to make anything of the claim to freedom”. But it is clear from that same essay that she extends the scope of that claim beyond freedom–she suggests that indeterminism is required already for animal self-movement (a position recently called ‘agency incompatibilism’ by Helen Steward). Building on Anscombe’s conception of causality and (in)determinism, I will suggest that it extends even further: life as such already requires physical indeterminism. Furthermore, I show that we can, on this basis, arrive at the idea of varieties of (in)determinism, along with a corresponding variety of incompatibilist theses. From this Anscombean vantage point, the free will discussion takes on a quite different outlook. The question whether free agency can coexist with determinism on the level of blind physical forces, which preoccupies the philosopher of free will, turns out to conflate a whole series of compatibility questions: not just whether life is compatible with physical determinism, but also whether animal self-movement is compatible with ‘biological determinism’, and whether free agency is compatible with ‘animal determinism’.
A Sticky Situation or Rough Going? Influencing Haptic Perception of Wood Coatings Through Frictional and Topographical Design
Authors: Harris Kathryn L. , Collier Elizabeth S. , Skedung Lisa , Rutland Mark W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImproving the tactile aesthetics of products that can be described as touch intensive is an increasing priority within many sectors, including the furniture industry. Understanding which physical characteristics contribute to the haptic experience of a surface, and how, is therefore highly topical. It has earlier been shown that both friction and topography affect tactile perception. Thus, two series of stimuli have been produced using standard coating techniques, with systematic variation in (physical) friction and roughness properties. This was achieved through appropriate selection of matting agents and resins. The stimuli sets were then evaluated perceptually to determine the extent to which discrimination between pairs of surfaces followed the systematic materials variation. In addition to investigating the role of the physical properties in discrimination of the surfaces, their influence on perceived pleasantness and naturalness was also studied. The results indicate that changes in tactile perception can be understood in terms of friction and roughness, and that varying the matting agents (topography) and resins (material properties) in the coatings provide the controlling factors for furniture applications. Perceived pleasantness is associated with low friction and smoother topography, whilst perceived naturalness is found to be described by an interaction between tactile friction and the average maximum peak height of the surface features.
Graphic Abstract
Is there a role for statistics in artificial intelligence?
Authors: Friedrich Sarah , Antes Gerd , Behr Sigrid , Binder Harald , Brannath Werner , Dumpert Florian , Ickstadt Katja , Kestler Hans A. , Lederer Johannes , Leitgöb Heinz , Pauly Markus , Steland Ansgar , Wilhelm Adalbert , Friede Tim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe research on and application of artificial intelligence (AI) has triggered a comprehensive scientific, economic, social and political discussion. Here we argue that statistics, as an interdisciplinary scientific field, plays a substantial role both for the theoretical and practical understanding of AI and for its future development. Statistics might even be considered a core element of AI. With its specialist knowledge of data evaluation, starting with the precise formulation of the research question and passing through a study design stage on to analysis and interpretation of the results, statistics is a natural partner for other disciplines in teaching, research and practice. This paper aims at highlighting the relevance of statistical methodology in the context of AI development. In particular, we discuss contributions of statistics to the field of artificial intelligence concerning methodological development, planning and design of studies, assessment of data quality and data collection, differentiation of causality and associations and assessment of uncertainty in results. Moreover, the paper also discusses the equally necessary and meaningful extensions of curricula in schools and universities to integrate statistical aspects into AI teaching.