bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment for perpetrators of intimate partner violence: What is the evidence?
Authors: Yakeley Jessica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as a worldwide health issue that calls for urgent interventions to prevent the significant physical and mental harm it poses to the individuals involved and to reduce its wider deleterious impacts on society. Despite 40 years of research in the field, incidence rates of IPV have not significantly declined and treatment services for perpetrators of IPV are scarce. Empirical research has been hindered by ideological disputes, and the most commonly used treatment approaches—the feminist‐oriented Duluth approach and cognitive‐behavioral treatments—lack evidence for their efficacy. This introduction to this issue of In Session reviews these ideological controversies and the current state of empirical evidence for the treatment of perpetrators of IPV; and summarizes the five papers, commissioned from different countries in Europe, North America, and Africa, comprising this issue, each of which presents a novel therapeutic intervention for this heterogeneous population
The search for tailored treatments: Discussion of five interventions for perpetrators of intimate partner violence
Authors: Yakeley Jessica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis commentary on five articles comprising this Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session issue on therapeutic interventions for perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) brings together relevant issues reflected in these papers concerning the need for tailored treatments for a heterogenous population of individuals with differing characteristics, psychopathology, risk factors and needs. Among the key issues addressed in this commentary are typologies of IPV, the influence of personality disorder and attachment in the predisposition to perpetrating IPV and identifying therapeutic factors common to these interventions. The discussion is contextualised within a field beset by controversy and political ideology which limits the impact of empirical research.
The vulnerability of women living homeless in Nicaragua: A comparison between homeless women and men in a low‐income country
Authors: Vázquez José J. , Cala‐Montoya Caridad A. , Berríos Alberto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article takes a gender perspective approach to a series of issues that may affect the vulnerability of people in a homeless situation in Nicaragua, focusing particularly on women. The study was completed using data obtained from two similarly‐sized samples, one of homeless men (n = 32) and the other of homeless women (n = 30). The information was gathered using a structured interview. Results show that there are key similarities in the situation and characteristics of both men and women living homeless in Nicaragua. Results also support the thought that women living homeless – some with dependent children to care for – are in a situation of particular vulnerability, suffering violence, a greater need to find safe places to stay, greater “revolving door to homelessness,” more barriers to finding work and more sex work. The analysis of the issues differentiating men from women may be of use in driving forward public policies and social care resources adapted to the specific characteristics and needs of these women and their children. As can be taken from this paper, people living homeless in low‐income and high‐income countries share a number of similar circumstances, which in turn could facilitate a global approach to the problem.
Piezo1 controls cell volume and migration by modulating swelling‐activated chloride current through Ca2+ influx
Authors: Sforna Luigi , Michelucci Antonio , Morena Francesco , Argentati Chiara , Franciolini Fabio , Vassalli Massimo , Martino Sabata , Catacuzzeno Luigi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRegulatory volume decrease (RVD), a homeostatic process responsible for the re‐establishment of the original cell volume upon swelling, is critical in controlling several functions, including migration. RVD is mainly sustained by the swelling‐activated Cl− current (ICl,swell), which can be modulated by cytoplasmic Ca2+. Cell swelling also activates mechanosensitive channels, including the ubiquitously expressed Ca2+‐permeable channel Piezo1. We hypothesized that, by controlling cytoplasmic Ca2+ and in turn ICl,swell, Piezo1 is involved in the fine regulation of RVD and cell migration. We compared RVD and ICl,swell in wild‐type (WT) HEK293T cells, which express endogenous levels of Piezo1, and in cells overexpressing (OVER) or knockout (KO) for Piezo1. Compared to WT, RVD was markedly increased in OVER, while virtually absent in KO cells. Consistently, ICl,swell amplitude was highest in OVER and lowest in KO cells, with WT cells displaying an intermediate level, suggesting a Ca2+‐dependent modulation of the current by Piezo1 channels. Indeed, in the absence of external Ca2+, ICl,swell in both WT and OVER cells, as well as the RVD probed in OVER cells, were significantly lower than in the presence of Ca2+ and no longer different compared to KO cells. However, the Piezo‐mediated Ca2+ influx was ineffective in enhancing ICl,swell in the absence of releasable Ca2+ from intracellular stores. The different expression levels of Piezo1 affected also cell migration which was strongly enhanced in OVER, while reduced in KO cells, as compared to WT. Taken together, our data indicate that Piezo1 controls RVD and migration in HEK293T cells by modulating ICl,swell through Ca2+ influx.
Understanding the variability of rice bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Yugander Arra , Ershad Md , Muthuraman Pitchiah P. , Prakasam Vellaisamy , Ladhalakshmi Duraisamy , Sheshu Madhav Maganti , Srinivas Prasad Madamsetty , Sundaram Raman M. , Laha Gouri S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBacterial blight (BB) of rice is a devastating disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The evolution of new pathogenic races of bacterial blight pathogen is always a potential threat for rice production. The deployment of pathotype‐specific resistant genes in the host plants is a feasible strategy to develop BB‐resistant varieties. Therefore, continuous disease monitoring, identification of Xoo pathotypes, and their distribution are crucial to managing BB. In this study, 71 Xoo isolates were collected from the Godavari delta in Andhra Pradesh (India) and their virulence profiles on rice BB differentials were characterized. Data revealed that different International Rice Bacterial Blight (IRBB) lines with single BB resistance genes were susceptible to 73.2%–97.2% of the isolates, except IRBB13 (possessing BB resistance gene, xa13) which showed a moderately susceptible or susceptible reaction to 47.9% of the isolates. Three gene combination rice differentials like IRBB56 (Xa4 + xa5 + xa13), IRBB57 (Xa4 + xa5 + Xa21), IRBB58 (Xa4 + xa13 + Xa21), and IRBB59 (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21) showed very broad‐spectrum resistance to majority of the Xoo isolates from the region. None of the tested Xoo isolates were virulent on IRBB58 (Xa4 + xa13 + Xa21), IRBB60 (Xa4 + xa5 + xa13 + Xa21), and IRBB66 (Xa4 + xa5 + Xa7 + xa13 + Xa21). Based on the virulence reaction, 71 Xoo isolates were grouped into 10 major pathotypes. Highly virulent pathotypes viz., IXoPt # 14, 17, 19, and 22 can break the resistance of major BB‐resistant genes and were commonly distributed throughout the surveyed regions. Genotypic data of 71 Xoo isolates using J3 primer divided them into three major clusters. Cluster I consisted of 24 Xoo isolates that belonged to pathotype IXoPt‐19. Cluster II consisted of 41 Xoo isolates belonging to seven different pathotypes, and Cluster III was composed of six isolates from three different pathotypes. The findings of this study will be helpful to develop rice varieties with pathotype‐specific broad‐spectrum resistance against BB.
Bioprospecting microalgae and cyanobacteria for biopharmaceutical applications
Authors: Saeed Muhammad U. , Hussain Nazim , Shahbaz Areej , Hameed Tooba , Iqbal Hafiz M.N. , Bilal Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroalgae and cyanobacteria have sparked a lot of interest due to their potential in various industries like biorefineries, biopharmaceuticals, food supplements, nutraceuticals, and other high‐value products. Polysaccharides, vitamins, proteins, enzymes, and steroids are valuable products isolated from microalgae and cyanobacteria and potentially used in health and biomedical applications. Bioactive compounds derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria exhibit various pharmaceutical properties like antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, antialgal, and antioxidant. From the properties listed above, the research for novel antibiotics has become particularly appropriate. In addition, the possible emergence of resistance against pathogens, as well as the potential decline in antibiotic efficacy, has prompted researchers to look for a new source of antibiotics. Microalgae and cyanobacteria have indicated a great and unexplored potential among these sources. For this reason, microalgae and cyanobacteria have been highlighted for their efficiency in different industrial sectors, as well as for their potential uses in the betterment of human and environmental health. This review gives an overview of bioactive compounds and metabolites with several biological properties isolated from microalgae and cyanobacteria for treating different animal and human diseases.
Quantifying tropical cyclone intensity change induced by sea surface temperature
Authors: Sun Jia , Wang Guihua , Jin Shanshan , Ju Xia , Xiong Xuejun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change exhibits a strong dependence on the current TC intensity. Using western North Pacific TC observations from 1982 to 2018, a threshold SST (TSST) is identified as the SST required to maintain TC intensity. TSST increases with TC intensity, with TCs intensifying and weakening when SST is higher and lower than TSST, respectively. Across the dataset, mean TC intensity change is proportional to the difference between SST and TSST. This study also formulates an equation to quantify TC intensity change using SST and current TC intensity, which replicates 99.46% of the mean observed TC intensity changes. This equation could serve as an alternative to the linear regression‐based relationship between SST and TC intensity change that is widely used in statistical‐dynamical intensity models, thereby improving intensity forecasts.
Deformation behaviors and mechanical impairments of tissue cracks in immature and mature cartilages
Authors: Moo Eng Kuan , Al‐Saffar Yasir , Le Tina , A. Seerattan Ruth , Pingguan‐Murphy Belinda , K. Korhonen Rami , Herzog Walter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDegeneration of articular cartilage is often triggered by a small tissue crack. As cartilage structure and composition change with age, the mechanics of cracked cartilage may depend on the tissue age, but this relationship is poorly understood. Here, we investigated cartilage mechanics and crack deformation in immature and mature cartilage exposed to a full‐thickness tissue crack using indentation testing and histology, respectively. When a cut was introduced, tissue cracks opened wider in the mature cartilage compared to the immature cartilage. However, the opposite occurred upon mechanical indentation over the cracked region. Functionally, the immature‐cracked cartilages stress‐relaxed faster, experienced increased tissue strain, and had reduced instantaneous stiffness, compared to the mature‐cracked cartilages. Taken together, mature cartilage appears to withstand surface cracks and maintains its mechanical properties better than immature cartilage and these superior properties can be explained by the structure of their collagen fibrous network.
NaCl induces flocculation and lipid oxidation of soybean oil body emulsions recovered by neutral aqueous extraction
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Liu Zhijing , Wang Wan , Miao Yusi , Gu Liya , Li Yanan , Liu Xin , Jiang Lianzhou , Hou Juncai , Jiang Zhanmei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoybean oil bodies (SOB) are naturally pre‐emulsified lipid droplets recovered directly from soybean seeds. Almost all food emulsions contain salts. However, it was not clear how the incorporation of salts affected the physicochemical stability of SOB.RESULTSThis study investigated the effect of NaCl (0–1.2%) on the physical and oxidative stability of SOB emulsions under neutral (pH 7) and acidic (pH 3) conditions. In the presence of NaCl, the SOB emulsion (pH 7) showed strong flocculation during storage due to electrostatic screening. The NaCl‐induced flocculation of SOB was attenuated at pH 3, which may be due to the difference in conformation or interaction of the protein interfaces covering SOB at different pH values. The increase in ionic strength or acid conditioning treatment resulted in a remarkable increase in the stability of SOB emulsions against coalescence. The confocal laser scanning microscopy images also confirmed the NaCl‐induced changes in the flocculation/coalescence properties of SOB. The oxidative behavior tests indicated that SOB emulsions containing NaCl were more susceptible to lipid oxidation but protein oxidation was inhibited due to electrostatic screening, which reduced pro‐oxidant accessibility of unadsorbed proteins in the emulsion. This oxidative behavior was attenuated at pH 3.CONCLUSIONThe incorporation of NaCl significantly reduced the physical and oxidative stability of the SOB emulsion, and acidic pH mitigated NaCl‐induced flocculation and lipid oxidation of SOB. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficacy and safety of thermomechanical fractional injury‐assisted corticosteroid delivery versus intralesional corticosteroid injection for the treatment of hypertrophic scars: A randomized split‐scar trial
Authors: Manuskiatti Woraphong , Yan Chadakan , Artzi Ofir , Gervasio Mia Katrina R. , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDisruption of the natural skin barrier in a controlled manner may be used to deliver drugs that enhance scar resolution.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of thermomechanical fractional injury (TMFI)‐assisted topical corticosteroid delivery with corticosteroid injection in the treatment of hypertrophic scar (HTS).Materials and MethodsThis was a randomized, split‐scar, double‐blinded study. Twenty‐one subjects with HTS on the abdomen received five split‐scar treatments of TMFI + Steroid and steroid injection alone. Changes in scar thickness, scar volume, and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) were analyzed. Patient self‐assessment, VAS scores, and adverse effects were also evaluated.ResultsScar thickness, volume, and VSS scores of both segments improved significantly compared to baseline. On every follow‐up visit, there were no significant differences in mean scar thickness reduction between the two treatment groups except at the 6‐month follow‐up where the mean scar thickness reduction of the steroid injection segment was significantly lower than that of the TMFI + Steroid segment (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09–0.35; p = 0.002). Scar volume, VSS scores, and patient self‐assessment also showed no significant differences between both segments on all visits. The steroid injection segment was significantly more painful than the TMFI + Steroid segment (95% CI, −2.16 to −1.29; p < 0.001). Adverse effects of skin atrophy, telangiectasia, and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation were noted in the steroid injection segment, while no adverse effects were observed at the TMFI + Steroid segment.ConclusionsTMFI‐assisted topical corticosteroid delivery is an effective treatment for HTS with a lower risk of adverse effects compared with corticosteroid injection.
Nanofibers Fabrication by Blown‐Centrifugal Spinning
Authors: Ayati Seyed Shahaboddin , Karevan Mehdi , Stefanek Evan , Bhia Mohammed , Akbari Mohsen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHere, a new, simple, and effective fabrication method of random and aligned nanofibers by utilizing centrifugal spinning and solution blowing is shown. This process, termed blown‐centrifugal spinning (BCS), capitalizes on a rotating reservoir and uses high velocity expanding gas to extrude fibers. The polymer solution is injected from the orifice of the reservoir and is brought in contact with the airflow on the reservoir's surface. The fiber morphology bears a relationship with airflow rate, solution viscosity, surface tension, and solvent evaporation rate. Fiber formation in the flowing stream is controlled by dynamic pressures, surface tension, and viscous forces.
Laboratory and discrete‐based numerical investigation on the collision problem of impactor‐block systems with soft‐porous and hard‐crystalline analog rocks
Authors: Luo Lina , Kasyap Sathwik S. , He Huan , Senetakis Kostas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigated experimentally the normal coefficient of restitution (COR) of impactors colliding on the surfaces of two different blocks; a soft‐porous block composed of plaster (dry impacts) and a hard‐crystalline rock composed of granite (dry and wet impacts). The experiments were performed in a range of low‐impact velocities and various particle types were used including perfectly spherical smooth glass beads and ceramic balls, rough glass beads as well as natural rough sand grains. Image processing was carried out to quantify the formed contours of craters caused by the surface damage of the soft blocks due to the impact. The results indicated very low COR values on the plaster block compared with the granite block as the energy was dissipated by means of surface plastic deformations on the plaster, however the contour crater images showed that the collision mechanisms depended on the roughness of the impactor. The behavior of impactor‐fluid‐block systems was dependent on both surface roughness and global morphology of the impactors. Discrete‐based (DEM) numerical simulations were performed to provide further insights into the behavior of the impactor‐block systems subjected to collision using the COR values from the experiments as the micro‐scale parameters and data from the literature as the macro‐scale parameters for the model calibration. The numerical output was used to observe the development of compression and tension force chain networks and how these involved during and after impact on different base blocks.
Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying in women: Lack of correlation to an elevated post‐void residual
Authors: Van Kuiken Michelle , Volkin Dmitry , Zaila Ardines Kassandra , Lin Frank C. , Fullerton Morgan , Kwan Lorna , Nitti Victor W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction/BackgroundSensation of incomplete bladder emptying (SIBE) has been shown to be correlated with an elevated post‐void residual (PVR) in men, however, the significance of this symptom and whether it correlates with an elevated PVR in women is less clear. In this study, we assessed if SIBE in women is correlated with an elevated PVR and determined the relationship of SIBE to other lower urinary tract symptoms.Methods/MaterialsWomen ages ≥18 with lower urinary tract symptoms were eligible. SIBE was defined by a response “sometimes”, “most of the time”, or “all of the time” to the question “How often do you feel that your bladder has not emptied properly after you have urinated?” on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire. Frequency and bother of other lower urinary tract symptoms were also assessed to compare their relationship to SIBE. Elevated PVR was defined as ≥100 ml via ultrasound.ResultsWe prospectively evaluated 95 women, 59% of whom reported SIBE. Compared to women without SIBE, women with SIBE reported more urinary hesitancy (51% vs. 18%, p = 0.002), intermittency (56% vs. 16%, p < 0.001), weak stream (36% vs. 5%, p < 0.001), dysuria (29% vs. 5%, p = 0.004), and straining (25% vs 5%, p = 0.013). However, there was no difference in elevated PVRs between women with and without SIBE [5/56, 9% vs. 4/39, 10%, (p = 0.99)]. All women, regardless of SIBE, reported higher bother from storage and incontinence symptoms versus voiding symptoms with no difference in overall bother scores.ConclusionSIBE is a common complaint in women with lower urinary tract symptoms. While women with SIBE reported more voiding symptoms, they were more bothered by storage symptoms. Importantly, most of these women emptied their bladder well and were not more likely to have an elevated PVR than women without SIBE.
A cross‐sectional study of COVID‐19 pandemic‐related organizational aspects in health care
Authors: Jensen Hanne Irene , Thude Bettina Ravnborg , Boye Lilian Keene , Gram Bibi Valgerdur , Primdahl Jette , Elkjær Mette , Specht Kirsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThis study explores how healthcare professionals included in the COVID‐19 contingency plan experienced organizational changes, and explores factors associated with the experiences. Additionally, the study aimed to identify learning points for future similar scenarios.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA questionnaire survey of healthcare professionals at three Danish hospitals, June 2020.ResultsA total of 1,448 healthcare professionals completed the questionnaire. Hereof, 813 (57%) were relocated to new settings/new jobs. The majority experienced that their relocation was totally (49%) or partially (31%) imposed, and 51% reported that the overall experience of the new job function was satisfactory. Type of profession and whether relocation to the new job function was imposed were the main variables associated with the overall experience of being part of the contingency plan. Suggestions for future scenarios included training adjusted to individual competencies, more targeted information, voluntariness with consideration of individual needs and clarification of expectations.
Effects of a tripartite intervention on biological stress in preterm infants during heel pricks for newborn screening: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yin Ti , Liaw Jen‐Jiuan , Tien Chiung‐Hsi , Wu Hsiang‐Ping , Chang Yue‐Cune , Lan Hsiang‐Yun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis prospective randomized trial examined the effects of a tripartite intervention (behavioral state modulation + nonnutritive sucking + tucking) on stress from procedural pain during heel pricks. Blood samples for routine screening were collected by heel pricks 48 h after birth (Stage 1) and at ≥37 weeks' gestation (Stage 2); salivary cortisol levels (SCLs) pre‐prick (T0) and 20 min post‐prick (T1) assessed stress. Preterm infants (n = 64) sampled by convenience at Level III neonatal care units were randomly assigned to the control condition (usual care) or intervention condition (tripartite intervention). Generalized estimating equations examined differences in salivary cortisol between conditions. After adjusting for effects of gestational age, postmenstrual age, and baseline SCLs, (1) at Stage 1, the change in salivary cortisol from T0 to T1 in preterm infants who received the tripartite intervention was, on average, significantly lower by 0.431 units (log scale) than the change in preterm infants who received the control condition (p < 0.001); (2) in the tripartite intervention condition, the difference between the change in mean SCLs from T0 to T1 at Stages 1 and 2 was significantly lower by 0.287 units (log scale), on average than between the change at Stages 1 and 2 in the control condition (p = 0.026). The provision of a tripartite intervention during heel prick significantly decreased the raise of SCLs compared with infants receiving usual care, suggesting lower stress. Clinicians could easily implement the tripartite intervention for heel‐stick support; however, replication is needed before recommending its incorporation into routine heel stick and other stressful procedures.