bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of hand-hygiene practices in India: reflections from the 76th round National Sample Survey, 2018
Authors: Biswas Sonali Smriti , Karmakar Ranjan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the differences and determinants of handwashing practices in India and identifies sections of the population with poor handwashing practices who are relatively more vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have used the data from the recent National Sample Survey (NSS, 76th round) for India (2018). Bivariate and logistic regression analyses have been performed to predict the determinants of handwashing practices across states and socio-economic groups. Levels of education of the household head, Usual Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (UMPCE) of the household, access to water (other than drinking water) resources and sanitation facilities, and the availability of water with soap in and around latrines are major socio-economic and demographic factors that impact handwashing practices. Higher access to principal sources of water for drinking and other purposes, access to bathrooms and latrines with soap, and the availability of water in or around latrines increase the likelihood of handwashing among the people. Universal handwashing across different sections of the population will be effective to prevent further infection. The available data help us to identify the vulnerable sections of the population which are towards the lower end of the handwashing compliance spectrum. The policymakers can outline specific planning and strategy implementation for them.
Hydraulic transients for a pipe line network of treated effluent rising main using SAP 2R
Authors: Hussain Ajmal , Mustafa Muhammad , Mohammad Azamathulla Hazi , Sadique M. R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hydraulic transients occur as a direct result of rapid variations of flow field in pressurized systems. The change in velocity from valve closures or pump operations causes pressure surges that are propagated away from the source throughout the pipeline. The associated pressure changes during a transient period are quite large and occur quickly (within a few seconds). It should also be noted that when the maximum pressures exceed the bar ratings (mechanical strength) of the piping material, failure can occur. Similarly, if the minimum pressure drops below the vapour pressure of the fluid, cavitation can occur. The purpose of the present study is to model and simulate the hydraulic transients in a pipeline network system of the treated effluent rising main of Mpophomeni sanitation scheme using SAP 2R. A total of five scenarios were simulated using different combinations. The simulation results show that the transient pressures in the pipeline exceeded the bar rating of the pipe where the bursts or cavitation may occur for the simulated scenario, but transient pressures were reduced to a safe limit after providing water hammer protection devices.
The Tale of Two Epidemics: HIV/AIDS in Ghana and Namibia
Authors: Halasa-Rappel Yara A. , Gaumer Gary , Khatri Deepa , Hurley Clare L. , Jordan Monica , Nandakumer Allyala K. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
In 2014, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) introduced the 90-90-90 goals to eliminate the AIDS epidemic. Namibia was the first African country to meet these goals.

Objective:
To construct a comparative historical narrative of international and government responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the two countries, to identify enabling and non-enabling factors key to mitigate the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

Methods:
We conducted a desk review of public documents, peer-reviewed articles, and media reports to evaluate actions taken by Namibia and Ghana’s governments, donors, and the public and compared disease prevalence and expenditure from all sources.

Results:
Namibia’s progress is due to several factors: the initial shocking escalation of infection rates, seen by donors as a priority; the generalizability of the epidemic generated, which resulted in overwhelming public support for HIV/AIDS programs; and a strong health system with substantial donor investment, allowing for aggressive and early ramp up of ART. Modest donor support relative to the magnitude of the epidemic, a weak health care system, and widespread household cost-sharing are among the factors that diminished support for universal access to HIV treatment in Ghana.

Conclusion:
Four factors played a key role in Namibia’s success: the nature of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the government and international community's response to the epidemic, health system characteristics, and financing of HIV/AIDS services. Strengthening the health systems to support HIV/AIDS testing and care services, ensuring sustainable ART funding, empowering women, and investing in an efficient surveillance system to generate local data on HIV prevalence would assist in developing targeted programs and allocate resources to where they are needed most.
ANALISIS KERJASAMA INDONESIA-ARAB SAUDI DALAM PENANGGULANGAN KEJAHATAN TERORISME
Authors: Mustofa Ahmad Zainal 
Published: October 2021

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>This article describes the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia in the security sector. The diplomacy in the security sector is in the form of a bilateral agreement between the two countries in tackling terrorism. This is because terrorism is a global crime that has become the world's attention. The method used in this research is descriptive analytical method. Then the theory used is the concept of national interest. This research was conducted to answer several problems, namely what is the foundation of Indonesia's foreign policy? Then how is the diplomacy between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia in tackling transnational crimes in the form of terrorism? The results of this research are that in implementing foreign policy, Indonesia has three bases as a reference. The foundation is an ideal basis, a constitutional basis and an operational basis. In the security sector, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia have collaborated in the handling of transnational crime, namely terrorism. With the agreement established between the two countries, it is hoped that both Indonesia and Saudi Arabia can carry out efforts to prevent and fight against terrorism effectively and efficiently.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Security, Terrorism.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang hubungan diplomatik antara Indonesia dan Arab Saudi dalam bidang keamanan. Diplomasi dalam bidang keamanan ini ditandain dengan adanya kesepakatan antara dua negara dalam menanggulangi kejahatan terorisme. Hal ini dikarenakan terorisme merupakan kejahatan internasional yang menjadi atensi dunia global. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah desktiptif analitis. Adapun teori yang digunakan adalah konsep kepentingan nasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang apa yang menjadi landasan kebijakan politik luar negeri Indonesia? kemudian bagaimana diplomasi antara Indonesia dam Arab Saaudi dalam mencegah kejahatan internasional dalam bidang terorisme? Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan luar negeri, Indonesia memiliki tiga landasan sebagai acuan. Landasan kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia yaitu landasan ideal, konstitusional dan operasional. Dalam bidang keamanan, Indonesia dan Arab Saudi bekerjasama untuk menanggulangi kejahatan transnasional, khususnya terorisme dengan adanya kesepakatan yang terjalin oleh kedua negara tersebut, diharapkan baik Indonesia dan Arab Saudi bisa melakukan upaya pencegahan dan perlawanan terhadap terorisme secara efektif dan efisien.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Keamanan, Terorisme.</p><strong><br clear="all" /></strong>
Development of algorithms for constructing two-dimensional optimal boundary-adaptive grids and their software implementation
Authors: Chistyakov A. E. , Sidoryakina V. V. , Protsenko S. V. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. It is noted that the use of adaptive grids in calculations makes it possible to improve the accuracy and efficiency of computational algorithms without increasing the number of nodes. This approach is especially efficient when calculating nonstationary problems. The objective of this study is the development, construction and software implementation of methods for constructing computational two-dimensional optimal boundary-adaptive grids for complex configuration regions while maintaining the specified features of the shape and boundary of the region. The application of such methods contributes to improving the accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of computational algorithms.Materials and Methods. The problem of automatic construction of an optimal boundary-adaptive grid in a simply connected region of arbitrary geometry, topologically equivalent to a rectangle, is considered. A solution is obtained for the minimum set of input information: the boundary of the region in the physical plane and the number of points on it are given. The creation of an algorithm and a mesh generation program is based on a model of particle dynamics. This provides determining the trajectories of individual particles and studying the dynamics of their pair interaction in the system under consideration. The interior and border nodes of the grid are separated through using the mask tool, and this makes it possible to determine the speed of movement of nodes, taking into account the specifics of the problem being solved.Results. The developed methods for constructing an optimal boundary-adaptive grid of a complex geometry region provides solving the problem on automatic grid construction in two-dimensional regions of any configuration. To evaluate the results of the algorithm research, a test problem was solved, and the solution stages were visualized. The computational domain of the test problem and the operation of the function for calculating the speed of movement of interior nodes are shown in the form of figures. Visualization confirms the advantage of this meshing method, which separates the border and interior nodes.Discussion and Conclusions. The theoretical and numerical studies results are important both for the investigation of the grids qualitative properties and for the computational grid methods that provide solving numerical modeling problems efficiently and with high accuracy.
Organization of walking of the lower-extremity exoskeleton using the control of the supporting foot
Authors: Issabekov Zh. N. , Tsybrii I. K. , Moroz K. A. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction.The development of robotics in many advanced countries has raised various industries to a high level. The demand for robots increases the share of their use in production tasks, mainly in the motor-vehicle and electronics industries. Advanced robotics can increase productivity in many industries by 30%, while reducing labor costs. Automation of technological processes of electronics production has a positive impact on the use of robots. Robots are used in construction, logistics, oil and gas, aerospace, plant engineering and construction, mining, healthcare, etc. The authors consider robots from the point of view of their application in medicine for the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal patients. This paper describes the mechanisms for controlling the feet and the center of mass of a humanoid robot.Materials and Methods.The authors chose the simplest algorithm for searching for the law of motion control of a humanoid robot. The robot movement was presented as a reverse pendulum. Using the large kinematic redundancy of walking robots, we have developed a way to control the robot in such a way as to bring the dynamics of its movement to the reverse pendulum as close as possible. At the same time, the problem of determining the generalized coordinates is considered, at which a given position and orientation of the transferred foot and a given position of the projection of the center of mass (CM) of the robot onto the reference surface are provided.Results.The authors have developed a digitalized automatic control scheme for the movement of the feet and the center of mass of the human exoskeleton, which will largely reduce the load on a sick person.Discussion and Conclusions.When discussing the results, comparing the data of the tables obtained during the calculation, the following conclusion was made. The scheme for controlling the feet movement of a human exoskeleton developed by the authors is most effective when designing an automatic scheme for controlling the movement of the feet and the center of mass of a human exoskeleton using digital technology, which will largely reduce the load on a sick person.
Investigation of the electrospark coating, alloying and strengthening technology
Authors: Glushko S. P. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The work objectives were the analysis and application of the technology of electrospark deposition of wear-resistant metal coatings on cutting tools or machine parts for their hardening or dimensional restoration.Materials and Methods. The technology, device and principle of operation of the modernized installation intended for electric spark application of wear-resistant metal coatings with composites T15K6, VK8 and VK6 are considered.Results. To determine the parameters of the upgraded electrospark alloying plant, experiments were carried out on hardening of polished samples made of steel 45 with hard alloy T15K6 with dimensions of 25×25×25 mm. As a result of using the experiment planning method, the possibility of selecting and adjusting the installation parameters was confirmed. The following parameters were selected for hardening samples made of steel 45 with hard alloy T15K6: current I = 1-2–A, voltage U = 40-75 V, capacitor bank capacity = 60–100 µF.Discussion and Conclusions. The use of carbon dioxide as a protective medium enables to increase the number of passes and, accordingly, the number of coating layers to twenty, to obtain a total thickness of up to 0.3 mm with a dense structure without oxides. Coatings of this thickness make it possible not only to strengthen, but also to restore the dimensions of worn machine parts. The parameters of the technological modes of electrospark alloying significantly affect the intensity of coating application and the quality of the resulting surface. A rise in the electrical parameters causes an increase in the intensity of each individual discharge and, within certain limits, contributes to an increase in the amount of the transferred coating material, as well as to deeper transformations of the coated surface in the discharge zone. Thus, an electrospark alloying plant equipped with monitoring and diagnostic tools, as well as with a protective gas supply system, can be used for hardening and restoring machine parts and cutting tools.
Method for assessing the current and additional load on the parallel kinematic structure mechanisms electric drive system
Authors: Kruglova T. N. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The problem of the load on an electric drive system in a parallel kinematic structure is considered. The task of developing a fault-tolerant system that provides performing a given process in case of a failure of one or more drives is described. The work objective is to create a method for estimating the current and additional load on each drive of the mechanism of a parallel kinematic structure. The solution enables to correct the operating mode when performing a given process without compromising serviceable drives.Materials and Methods. Previously, a diagnostic method was developed. It is based on the calculation and analysis of the coefficients of straight lines that approximate the envelopes of the values of the wavelet transform coefficients of electric motor current signals, taking into account the characteristic scales. This makes it possible to determine the current technical condition of the electric motor and find malfunctions. The logical continuation of this approach is the proposed method for assessing the current and additional load. It provides finding the current load on the drive based on the coefficients of the lines approximating the envelopes of the wavelet coefficients of the current signal. To calculate the additional load, the number and location of faulty drives are taken into account.Results. For each scale of the wavelet coefficients, the relative coefficients and the current load on each drive are determined. The possibility of redistributing the load to two adjacent jacks was checked; the behavior of the system in this case was investigated. The load moved by the faulty jack is redistributed to two adjacent jacks in equal shares — 14.76 % each. The total load on the drives is 44.28 %, which is safe for the servo. The load on the drive of the fourth jack does not change (29.52 %). The drives have a sufficient safety margin. It is established that all three operating modes are acceptable for the studied servo drive, and they do not cause dynamic overloads and premature failure.Discussion and Conclusions. The experimental studies on the method of assessing the current and additional load have shown its adequacy and high efficiency. It was found that when the drives were disconnected from one of the racks of the mechanism, the system performed a load redistribution on the drives. Thus, it was possible to avoid their dynamic overloads and premature failure. This means that the solution is able to ensure the reliable functioning of the complex at the time of renovation work.
A method for generating a local network graph based on the analysis of address sets
Authors: Galushka V. V. , Fatkhi D. V. , Gazizov E. R. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction.The paper deals with the problem of automated construction of a local area network using tools and methods for traffic analysis at the link layer of OSI model. The problem is caused by two factors. These are difficulties of the manual determination of the communication between equipment and the lack of physical access to communication lines of an already functioning network. The purpose of the work is to reduce the time spent on building a local network diagram through automating the process of determining the communication between the equipment.Materials and Methods.To solve the set tasks, a method for determining the relative location of devices is proposed. The network adapters of a specialized software and hardware complex, which are connected to a communication line break at different points of the network, are used in opposite directions. The method used is based on calculations of intersections of address sets received from these adapters. The structural schemes of the construction of such a software and hardware complex and the requirements for it are given. The methods of obtaining MAC addresses from transit packets are described. Examples of libraries of software components for performing this operation are given. The structure of a relational database is proposed for storing the received data. The format and content of the fields of its table are described.Results.Using the developed methods, a typical example of an Ethernet network shows a way to determine the relative location of end devices specified by their MAC addresses, as well as at least two switches located between them. The signs by which it is possible to judge the presence of switching equipment in a particular segment are determined. A method is proposed that enables through using a set of relational operations, to sequentially refine the network topology until the required accuracy is achieved.Discussion and Conclusions.The results obtained can be used under the administration of large local networks with an extensive structure. The proposed approach allows you to reduce the time required for building a scheme. This is possible due to the automation of the process of obtaining information about devices operating on the network and their mutual location.
To the problem of using an automated workplace by people with disabilities
Authors: Baskakov A. A. , Tarasov A. G. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Employees of the banking sector with health restrictions have negative experience of using internal software to interact with customers and perform their official duties. Many employees, for example, with hearing problems, would like to work in call centers, but do not have this opportunity due to the outdated software. The research objective is to analyze the priority tasks for the further development of software products, taking into account the existing health problems of employees.Materials and Methods. One of the subsystems of the automated workplace (hereinafter referred to as the AWP) was selected the software, which allows the employee to interact directly with the clients of the given organization. The analysis used the method of expert evaluation by T. L. Saati with the assistance of one of the experts in the development of software for people with disabilities.Results. Using the fundamental preference scale and expert opinion in the field of software development for people with disabilities, a priority matrix was built for each of the criteria (subtitles, simplified fonts, voice guidance, simplified and remote management) and platforms (IOS, Android, Windows OS), as well as a global priority matrix for all criteria and platforms.Discussions and Conclusions. An expert assessment of several characteristics of the software of a commercial banking organization of the Russian Federation was carried out to identify the disadvantages of using the software by employees with disabilities. During the analysis, intermediate conclusions were made: the most demanded criterion for people with hearing problems is “Subtitle”; for people without the ability to leave the house — “Remote control”; for people with amputations or irreversible limb injuries — “Simplified control”. The other parameters are not recommended for implementation.
Programa de intervenção para o manejo de resíduos em serviços de saúde
Authors: Bandeira Renata Alves , Pitteri Jessimira Soares Muniz , Chagas Denia Rodrigues 
Published: October 2021

Os hospitais são impressionantes geradores de resíduos, inerente à diversidade de atividades que são desenvolvidas dentro destas empresas. Dependendo do tipo de resíduo hospitalar, podemos eleger diferentes alternativas de tratamento e grande aproveitamento para a reciclagem. O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre a implementação de um programa de intervenção para o manejo de resíduos e a efetividade produzida com a mudança a partir de sua distribuição adequada. Trata-se de um estudo analítico/explicativo de causa-efeito, com análise estatística descritiva comparando o antes e depois da intervenção por meio da pesagem dos resíduos. Como resultado, verificou-se 13.298,37 kg em na primeira pesagem, referente a um mês de coleta, destes 17% foram classificados como infectantes e 83% como comuns. A partir da implementação do programa de intervenção, foi realizada nova pesagem por trinta dias e o total de resíduos apresentou uma redução de 3,75% (12.799,44 kg) mesmo havendo um número maior de atendimento que no mês da pesagem anterior. Destes 17% permaneceu como infectante, 42% como comum e 41% como reciclável, o que equivale a mais de 5.200 kg de resíduos reaproveitados. As estatísticas foram analisadas através de teste t (p=0.0294), o que comprova a redução. O programa de intervenção obteve alta efetividade, sendo a cozinha o setor com maior potencial para reciclagem, seguida da farmácia. Os resíduos orgânicos foram os mais reaproveitados com base no peso, seguidos por papelão. Os ganhos por meio deste programa são educativos, econômicos, sociais e ambientais.
Palavras-chave: Gerenciamento de Resíduos. Reciclagem. Resíduos Hospitalares.