bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of transmissible proteotoxic oligomer-like fibrils that expand conformational diversity of amyloid assemblies
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Trang , Zottig Ximena , Sebastiao Mathew , Arnold Alexandre A. , Marcotte Isabelle , Bourgault Steve 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProtein misfolding and amyloid deposition are associated with numerous diseases. The detailed characterization of the proteospecies mediating cell death remains elusive owing to the (supra)structural polymorphism and transient nature of the assemblies populating the amyloid pathway. Here we describe the identification of toxic amyloid fibrils with oligomer-like characteristics, which were assembled from an islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) derivative containing an Asn-to-Gln substitution (N21Q). While N21Q filaments share structural properties with cytocompatible fibrils, including the 4.7 Å inter-strand distance and β-sheet-rich conformation, they concurrently display characteristics of oligomers, such as low thioflavin-T binding, high surface hydrophobicity and recognition by the A11 antibody, leading to high potency to disrupt membranes and cause cellular dysfunction. The toxic oligomer-like conformation of N21Q fibrils, which is preserved upon elongation, is transmissible to naïve IAPP. These stable fibrils expanding the conformational diversity of amyloid assemblies represent an opportunity to elucidate the structural basis of amyloid disorders.
The effect of plant domestication on host control of the microbiota
Authors: Soldan Riccardo , Fusi Marco , Cardinale Massimiliano , Daffonchio Daniele , Preston Gail M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMacroorganisms are colonized by microbial communities that exert important biological and ecological functions, the composition of which is subject to host control and has therefore been described as “an ecosystem on a leash”. However, domesticated organisms such as crop plants are subject to both artificial selection and natural selection exerted by the agricultural ecosystem. Here, we propose a framework for understanding how host control of the microbiota is influenced by domestication, in which a double leash acts from domesticator to host and host to microbes. We discuss how this framework applies to a plant compartment that has demonstrated remarkable phenotypic changes during domestication: the seed.
Helicate-to-tetrahedron transformation of chiral lanthanide supramolecular complexes induced by ionic radii effect and linker length
Authors: Yim King-Him , Yeung Chi-Tung , Probert Michael R. , Chan Wesley Ting Kwok , Mackenzie Lewis E. , Pal Robert , Wong Wing-Tak , Law Ga-Lai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractControlled formation of desired lanthanide supramolecular complexes is challenging because of the difficulties in predicting coordination geometry, as well as a labile coordination number. Herein, we explore the effect of ionic radii and linker length on supramolecular species formation. A helicate-to-tetrahedron transformation occurred between [Ln2L13] and [Ln4L16] (Ln = La, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Lu). For six lanthanide ions, the unfavored tetrahedron [La4L16] can only be observed in a concentrated mixture with the helicate [La2L13] where no pure [La4L16] species was isolated via crystallization. For Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, the [Ln4L16] supramolecular tetrahedron can be isolated via crystallization from diisopropyl ether. A similar result was also observed for Lu, but the tetrahedral structure was found to be relatively stable and transformed back to [Lu2L13] much slower upon dissolution. No tetrahedron formation was observed with L3 giving rise to only [Ln2L33] species, in which L3 contains a longer and more flexible linker compared with that of L1. Results show that the supramolecular transformation in these systems is governed by both the ionic radii as well as the ligand design. Special focus is on both [Eu2L13] and [Eu4L16] which form chiral entities and exhibit interesting circular polarized luminescence.
The potential of Hudson Valley glacial floods to drive abrupt climate change
Authors: Pendleton Simon , Condron Alan , Donnelly Jeffrey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe periodic input of meltwater into the ocean from a retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet is often hypothesized to have weakened the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and triggered several cold periods during the last deglaciation (21,000 to 8,000 years before present). Here, we use a numerical model to investigate whether the Intra-Allerød Cold Period was triggered by the drainage of Glacial Lake Iroquois, ~13,300 years ago. Performing a large suite of experiments with various combinations of single and successive, short (1 month) and long (1 year) duration flood events, we were unable to find any significant weakening of the AMOC. This result suggests that although the Hudson Valley floods occurred close to the beginning of the Intra-Allerød Cold Period, they were unlikely the sole cause. Our results have implications for re-evaluating the relationship of meltwater flood events (past and future) to periods of climatic cooling, particularly with regards to flood input location, volume, frequency, and duration.
Obesity, a major risk factor for immunity and severe outcomes of COVID-19
Authors: Amin Mohammad Tohidul , Fatema Kaniz , Arefin Sayema , Hussain Fahad , Bhowmik Dipty Rani , Hossain Mohammad Salim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An influenza-like virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19 disease and spread worldwide within a short time. COVID-19 has now become a significant concern for public health. Obesity is highly prevalent worldwide and is considered a risk factor for impairing the adaptive immune system. Although diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and renal failure are considered the risk factors for COVID-19, obesity is not yet well-considered. The present study approaches establishing a systemic association between the prevalence of obesity and its impact on immunity concerning the severe outcomes of COVID-19 utilizing existing knowledge. Overall study outcomes documented the worldwide prevalence of obesity, its effects on immunity, and a possible underlying mechanism covering obesity-related risk pathways for the severe outcomes of COVID-19. Overall understanding from the present study is that being an immune system impairing factor, the role of obesity in the severe outcomes of COVID-19 is worthy.
Interventions Designed to Improve Narrative Language in School-Age Children: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses
Authors: Pico Danielle L. , Hessling Prahl Alison , Biel Christa Haring , Peterson Amy K. , Biel Eric J. , Woods Christine , Contesse Valentina A. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analyses was to examine interventions that aimed to improve narrative language outcomes for preschool and elementary school–age children in the United States. Our goal was to examine peer-reviewed publications to describe the characteristics of these interventions and synthesize their overall effectiveness on narrative comprehension and production via meta-analysis.

Method
We searched electronic databases, examined previously published reviews, and consulted experts in the field to identify published studies that employed robust experimental and quasi-experimental designs. We included randomized controlled trials, studies with nonrandomized comparison groups, and single-case design (SCD) studies. We completed a qualitative synthesis of study factors for all identified studies and calculated meta-analyses for the studies that had sufficient data. All included studies were analyzed for risk of bias.

Results

Our systematic search yielded 40 studies that included one or more narrative language outcomes as part of their assessment battery. Twenty-four of the included studies were group design studies, including randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs, and the other 16 were SCD studies. Effect sizes were analyzed based on narrative production and comprehension outcomes. The meta-analyses of 26 studies indicated overall positive effects of the interventions, with effect sizes of
d
= 0.51 and 0.54 in the group design studies and
d
= 1.24 in the SCD studies.

Conclusions
A variety of effective interventions were found that improve narrative production and comprehension outcomes in children with diverse learner characteristics. Some common characteristics across these interventions include manualized curricula, opportunities to produce narrative language, verbal and visual supports, direct instruction of story grammar, and use of authentic children's literature.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15079173
Efficacy of Online Learning Modules for Teaching Dialogic Reading Strategies and Phonemic Awareness
Authors: Krimm Hannah , Lund Emily 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to create and evaluate online learning modules designed to teach speech-language pathologists (SLPs) dialogic reading strategies and phonemic awareness skills.

Method

School-based SLPs (
n
= 28) were assigned to complete one of two online learning modules. One module taught dialogic reading strategies, and the other taught phonemic awareness. Participants in the dialogic reading group served as controls for the phonemic awareness group and vice versa. Participants completed a pretest that assessed phonemic awareness skill and knowledge of dialogic reading strategies to control for prior knowledge and skill, completed their assigned module, and then completed a posttest that assessed phonemic awareness skill and knowledge of dialogic reading strategies.

Results
Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The independent variables were pretest score, group, and the pretest score by group interaction. The dependent variable in the first model was posttest score on the dialogic reading measure. The dependent variable in the second model was posttest score on the phonemic awareness measure. There was a statistically significant group by posttest score interaction in the dialogic reading model, indicating that the dialogic reading module was effective for improving knowledge of dialogic reading strategies. There was not a statistically significant group by posttest score interaction in the phonemic awareness module, indicating that the phonemic awareness module was not effective for improving phoneme segmentation skill and phoneme manipulation skill.

Conclusions
Online learning modules may be effective for establishing knowledge needed for evidence-based practice in speech-language pathology. Additional research is warranted to determine whether online learning modules can be used to change clinician intervention behavior.
A comprehensive survey of imbalanced learning methods for bankruptcy prediction
Authors: Le Tuong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn practical datasets used for supervised learning, the uneven distribution of the amounts of data between classes is known as the class imbalance problem, and can reduce the performance of basic classifiers. The class imbalance problem arises in various areas such as medical diagnosis, spam filtering, and fraud detection. Bankruptcy prediction is of particular research interest due to the current economic upheaval. In a bankruptcy prediction dataset, there are two classes containing bankrupt and normal companies, and this problem can therefore be solved with binary classification methods. Several advanced models for handling the class imbalance problem in bankruptcy prediction have been developed to improve the predictability performance on a Korean bankruptcy (KB) dataset. To give an overview of imbalanced learning methods for bankruptcy prediction, this study first reviews several state‐of‐the‐art approaches for handling this problem in bankruptcy prediction, including an oversampling‐based framework, a cost‐sensitive method (the CBoost algorithm), a combination of resampling techniques and a cost‐sensitive framework, and an ensemble‐based model (the XGBS algorithm). We also conduct empirical experiments to evaluate the methods surveyed here in terms of two performance metrics, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the geometric mean. The results show that the ensemble‐based model outperforms other methods in terms of bankruptcy prediction on the KB dataset.
Proximity coupled fed wideband printed magneto–electric dipole antenna
Authors: Joubert Johan , Odendaal Johann W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResults are presented fora wideband printed magneto‐electric dipole antenna. The printed electric dipole and reflector are separated by an air‐gap and is fed with a coaxial transmission line and a printed proximity coupled T‐shaped feeding strip. The slot between the electric dipole halves forms the magnetic dipole radiating aperture. This feeding mechanism allows for good impedance matching at adjacent resonances of the electric and magnetic dipoles to achieve wideband operation. The two printed electric dipole halves are DC shorted to the reflector. The results show that this antenna can operate over a wide bandwidth with good gain, stable unidirectional radiation patterns and low cross polarization. The effect of the air‐gap height and the relative permittivity of the substrate on which the dipole is printed are investigated. Results show that an optimum air‐gap height for a specific substrate permittivity can be determined that will result in a gain with a small variation over the entire impedance bandwidth of the antenna. Simulated as well as measured results are presented for a prototype antenna with a small gain variation and overall dimensions of 1.33λ0 × 1.33λ0 × 0.19λ0. A measured impedance bandwidth of 54% with an average gain of 9.2 dBi is achieved.
Image semantic segmentation method based on GAN network and ENet model
Authors: Li Huiyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurrently, image semantic segmentation has problems such as low accuracy and long running time. This paper proposes an image semantic segmentation method based on generative adversarial network and ENet model combined with deep neural network. This method first improves the network model of generative adversarial network. Ensure the high resolution of the generated image and achieve high similarity with the real image. While ensuring the high accuracy of image semantic segmentation, it effectively improves the real‐time performance of network processing. The proposed method is verified based on public data sets. The experimental results show that the segmentation accuracy of this method can reach more than 93%, and the simulation running time is less than 0.171 s, which shows good high accuracy and high real‐time performance. A feasible strategy is proposed for the further productization of semantic segmentation.
Present Limitations of Artificial Intelligence in the Emergency Setting – Performance Study of a Commercial, Computer-Aided Detection Algorithm for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Müller-Peltzer Katharina , Kretzschmar Lena , Negrão de Figueiredo Giovanna , Crispin Alexander , Stahl Robert , Bamberg Fabian , Trumm Christoph Gregor 
Published: August 2021

Purpose Since artificial intelligence is transitioning from an experimental stage to clinical implementation, the aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of a commercial, computer-aided detection algorithm of computed tomography pulmonary angiograms regarding the presence of pulmonary embolism in the emergency room.
Materials and Methods This retrospective study includes all pulmonary computed tomography angiogram studies performed in a large emergency department over a period of 36 months that were analyzed by two radiologists experienced in emergency radiology to set a reference standard. Original reports and computer-aided detection results were compared regarding the detection of lobar, segmental, and subsegmental pulmonary embolism. All computer-aided detection findings were analyzed concerning the underlying pathology. False-positive findings were correlated to the contrast-to-noise ratio.
Results Expert reading revealed pulmonary embolism in 182 of 1229 patients (49 % men, 10–97 years) with a total of 504 emboli. The computer-aided detection algorithm reported 3331 findings, including 258 (8 %) true-positive findings and 3073 (92 %) false-positive findings. Computer-aided detection analysis showed a sensitivity of 47 % (95 %CI: 33–61 %) on the lobar level and 50 % (95 %CI 43–56 %) on the subsegmental level. On average, there were 2.25 false-positive findings per study (median 2, range 0–25). There was no significant correlation between the number of false-positive findings and the contrast-to-noise ratio (Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient = 0.09). Soft tissue (61.0 %) and pulmonary veins (24.1 %) were the most common underlying reasons for false-positive findings.
Conclusion Applied to a population at a large emergency room, the tested commercial computer-aided detection algorithm faced relevant performance challenges that need to be addressed in future development projects.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Safety Aspects of Perinatal Ultrasound
Authors: Sande Ragnar , Jenderka Klaus-Vitold , Moran Carmel M. , Marques Susana , Jimenez Diaz J. F. , ter Haar Gail , Marsal Karel , Lees Christoph , Abramowicz Jacques S. , Salvesen Kjell Åsmund , Miloro Piero , Dall’Asta Andrea , Brezinka Christoph , Kollmann Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUltrasound safety is of particular importance in fetal and neonatal scanning. Fetal tissues are vulnerable and often still developing, the scanning depth may be low, and potential biological effects have been insufficiently investigated. On the other hand, the clinical benefit may be considerable. The perinatal period is probably less vulnerable than the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, and ultrasound is often a safer alternative to other diagnostic imaging modalities. Here we present step-by-step procedures for obtaining clinically relevant images while maintaining ultrasound safety. We briefly discuss the current status of the field of ultrasound safety, with special attention to the safety of novel modalities, safety considerations when ultrasound is employed for research and education, and ultrasound of particularly vulnerable tissues, such as the neonatal lung. This CME is prepared by ECMUS, the safety committee of EFSUMB, with contributions from OB/GYN clinicians with a special interest in ultrasound safety.
DeGIR Quality Report 2019: Report on the treatment quality of minimally invasive methods – Interventional therapy (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Frenzel Felix , Bücker Arno , Paprottka Philipp , Nadjiri Jonathan , Mahnken Andreas H. , Massmann Alexander , Minko Peter , Heuser Lothar J. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose To analyze the quality of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair using the data of the DeGIR quality management system. Comparison of data between 2011 and 2019.
Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of all data registered in the DeGIR quality management system of the year 2019 was performed regarding the treatment quality for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. Registration of data was voluntary. As quality parameters indication, treatment process data and quality of results were examined. The latter was judged by treatment success, complication rates and radiation exposure.
Results Out of 189 590 data sets overall 1639 cases of EVAR were registered; compared to 2011 this was an increase of 472 cases. 5.9 % of these cases encompassed emergency treatments. The most frequent indication was an abdominal aneurysm with 72 % of cases. In 54 % of cases, the aortic diameter ranged 50–70 mm. The rates for technical success, over all complications and major complications were 92.8 %, 6.7 % and 6.0 % respectively for all EVAR including emergency indications. In general, EVAR yielded a mortality rate of 1.2 % while emergency procedures had a mortality rate of 7.3 %. Median dose area product and fluoroscopy time were 10 503 cGy × cm2 and 20 minutes respectively at a mean procedure time of 114 minutes.
Conclusion Data analysis of the DeGIR quality management system persistently showed a very high technical success rate for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair performed by interventional radiologists accompanied by a low complication rate.
Key Points
Citation Format
Licencia parental durante la educación y la práctica en medicina: 35 años de análisis bibliométrico
Authors: Roa Daisy Ximena , Riveros Silvia , Saenz Maria Paula , Duque Joan Stefany , Sanchez Catalina , Solano Catalina 
Published: August 2021

Resumen
Objetivos La cantidad de mujeres en especialidades médico-quirúrgicas ha aumentado. Para nuestro conocimiento, no existen políticas que reglamenten las licencias parentales en nuestro país, que permitan a las mujeres que se desempeñan en esas especialidades vivir dicho periodo digna y equiparablemente con quienes han elegido otras carreras. Nuestro objetivo, es evaluar las publicaciones con respecto a la regulación y al apoyo a los procesos de maternidad y lactancia de los médicos.
Metodos Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, de los últimos 35 años en Medline a través de Fabumed, PubReminer y Scopus, utilizando los términos Mesh: “parental leave” y “physicians”. Se incluyeron todas las publicaciones sobre licencia de maternidad en médicos, de 1984 a 2019. Se hizo un análisis bibliométrico descriptivo retrospectivo de dichos artículos y un análisis de mapeo bibliométrico utilizando el programa de software: VOSviewer. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los datos obtenidos.
Resultados Encontramos 182 publicaciones desde 1984 hasta 2019. Detectamos dos picos de publicación, en los años 1992 y 2018. El 39,6% de las publicaciones está concentrado en 20 revistas, nueve con factor de impacto mayor a 3. La mayoría de las publicaciones (85%) se encontraron en inglés y se originaron en 12 países.
Conclusiones Aún no hay suficientes publicaciones para generar consenso en cuanto a aspectos relacionados con la reglamentación de la licencia de maternidad y lactancia en cirujanas. La estandarización de políticas, optimiza el ejercicio de la especialidad al mejorar el grado de satisfacción de los involucrados.
Effect of Resistance Training and Diet Intake on Spleen Structure of Ovariectomized Wistar Rats
Authors: Santana Erika Steffany dos Santos , de Oliveira Carolinne Alves , Lima Francisca Iranni Alves , Nucci Ricardo Aparecido Baptista , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Maifrino Laura Beatriz Mesiano 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Exercise is a key factor in immunity which may be affected by a different diet intake. Thus, we aimed to analyze the effects of diet intake and resistance training on spleen structure of ovariectomized female animals.
Materials and Methods Female Wistar rats were divided into eight experimental groups: sedentary and nonovariectomized animals plus vegetable protein diet (CVS) or animal protein diet (CAS); trained and nonovariectomized rats plus vegetable protein diet (CVT) or animal protein diet (CT); sedentary and ovariectomized groups plus vegetable protein diet (VOS) or animal protein diet (AOS); and trained and ovariectomized animals plus vegetable protein diet (VOT) or animal protein diet (AOT).
Results Groups submitted to both animal protein diet and resistance training, mainly ovariectomized groups, presented a great variability of collagen fibers type III, white pulp, and follicle structure in relation to the other spleen constituents.
Conclusion Resistance training with a vegetable protein diet may play a key factor to maintain spleen’s immune responses across age. However, animal protein diet is suggested to decrease spleen’s immune activity.