bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forty Years Later: Naming Without Necessity, Necessity Without Naming1
Authors: Almog Joseph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe essay examines the proper treament of (i) naming (ii) necessity. (A) It argues their mutual independence (B) provides a treatment of naming separately from any idea of “designation” (C) gives treatment of de re modality without any use of possible worlds, essences, concepts, rigid designators (D) it argues an ultimate asymmetry–naming/referring is a key real notion of semantics; necessity should not be the central idea in the metaphysics of nature.
Repeatability and accuracy of a novel, quantitative radiographic method for differentiating normal canine sacroiliac joints from joints with subluxation or luxation: Pilot study
Authors: Lembersky Zachary , de Swarte Marie , Aisa Josep , Johnson Kryssa , Zhu Xiaojuan , Hespel Adrien‐Maxence 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCanine sacroiliac (SI) joint subluxation or luxation is most commonly diagnosed based on qualitative radiographic assessments. Aims of this two‐part, retrospective, diagnostic accuracy, pilot study were to develop and evaluate a novel quantitative method based on measuring the angle between a line connecting the iliac wings and parallel lines across three anatomical landmarks (cranial endplate of L7, caudal endplate of L6, cranial endplate of L6) on a single ventrodorsal radiograph. For the first part of the study, angle measurements from a single observer were compared for 20 normal canine pelvic radiographs and 20 pelvic radiographs with SI luxation or subluxation. Mean values significantly differed between datasets (P < 0.001). The angles for the normal pelves ranged from 0.6° to 1.5°, while abnormal angles ranged from 3.8° to 7.1°. For the second part of the study, a dataset of 25 normal and 25 abnormal canine pelvic radiographs was evaluated using the novel technique by three blinded readers with varying levels of expertise at two different time points. There was excellent reliability among the three readers with an intraclass correlation (ICC) value of 0.90 and an excellent agreement between day 0 and day 30 readings with an ICC value of 0.91. It was also determined that a cut‐off angle of 2.0°, using the line parallel to the cranial endplate of L6, provided overall the best accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to differentiate normal versus abnormal pelves. These findings may be helpful for clinical cases with equivocal diagnoses and for future development of automated diagnostic tools.
Fixation of a scapular body fracture in a 5 month old foal using three 4.5/5.0 mm locking compression plates
Authors: Miyakoshi Daisuke , Higuchi Tohru , Ikeda Hiroki , Sato Masato , Yoshimura Seiji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report a surgical technique and an outcome for the repair of a displaced, transverse scapular body fracture with locking compression plates (LCPs) in a colt.AnimalsOne 5 month old Thoroughbred colt.Study designCase report.MethodsA colt sustained an unstable, comminuted, transverse fracture of the scapular body. Three 4.5/5.0 mm LCPs were used with 6.5 mm cancellous screws, 4.5 mm cortex screws, and 5.0 mm locking head screws. Implants were removed 2 months after surgery.ResultsSurgical site infection was identified by purulent discharge at the distal aspect of the suture line 3 days after surgery. The surgical site infection resolved with daily lavage within 15 days after surgery. Three months after internal fixation of the scapular body fracture, the colt was sound and was turned out to pasture. One year later, the colt was sound and in training to be a flat racehorse.ConclusionRepair of a scapular body fracture using LCP provided a good outcome with an early return to soundness. The LCP system can therefore be considered for the repair of scapular body fractures in small equids.
RestEaze: An Emerging Technology to Characterize Leg Movements During Sleep
Authors: Brooks Justin , Feltch Cody , Lam Janet , Earley Christopher , Robucci Ryan , Agarwal Sanjay , Banerjee Nilanjan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Several sleep disorders are characterized by periodic leg movements during sleep including Restless Leg Syndrome, and can indicate disrupted sleep in otherwise healthy individuals. Current technologies to measure periodic leg movements during sleep are limited. Polysomnography and some home sleep tests use surface electromyography to measure electrical activity from the anterior tibilias muscle. Actigraphy uses three-axis accelerometers to measure movement of the ankle. Electromyography misses periodic leg movements that involve other leg muscles and is obtrusive because of the wires needed to carry the signal. Actigraphy based devices require large amplitude movements of the ankle to detect leg movements (missing the significant number of more subtle leg movements) and can be worn in multiple configurations precluding precision measurement. These limitations have contributed to their lack of adoption as a standard of care for several sleep disorders. In this study, we develop the RestEaze sleep assessment tool as an ankle-worn wearable device that combines capacitive sensors and a six-axis inertial measurement unit to precisely measure periodic leg movements during sleep. This unique combination of sensors and the form-factor of the device addresses current limitations of periodic leg movements during sleep measurement techniques. Pilot data collected shows high correlation with polysomnography across a heterogeneous participant sample and high usability ratings. RestEaze shows promise in providing ecologically valid, longitudinal measures of leg movements that will be useful for clinicians, researchers, and patients to better understand sleep.
A Simplified Numerical Approach to Characterize the Thermal Response of a Moving Bed Solar Reactor
Authors: Al Sahlani Assaad , Randhir Kelvin , Ozalp Nesrin , Klausner James 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Concentrated solar thermochemical storage in the form of a zero-emission fuel is a promising option to produce long-duration energy storage. Solar fuel is produced using a cavity reactor that captures concentrated solar radiation from a solar field of heliostats. In this paper, heat transfer model of a tubular plug-flow reactor designed and manufactured for a solar fuel production is presented. Experimental data collected from a fixed bed tubular reactor testing are used for model comparison. The system consists of an externally heated tube with counter-current flowing gas and moving solid particles as the heated media. The proposed model simulates the dynamic behavior of temperature profiles of the tube wall, gas, and particles under various gas flowrates and residence times. The heat transfer between gas–wall, solid particle–wall, and gas–solid particle is numerically studied. The model results are compared with the results of experiments done using a 4 kW furnace with a 150 mm heating zone surrounding a horizontal alumina tube (reactor) with 50.8 mm outer diameter and thickness of 3.175 mm. Solid fixed particles of magnesium manganese oxide (MgMn2O4) with the size of 1 mm are packed within the length of 250 mm at the center of the tube length. Simulation results are assessed with respect to fixed bed experimental data for four different gas flowrates, namely, 5, 10, 15, and 20 standard liters per minute of air, and furnace temperatures in the range of 200–1200 °C. The simulation results showed good agreement with maximum steady state error that is less than 6% of those obtained from the experiments for all runs. The proposed model can be implemented as a low-order physical model for the control of temperature inside plug-flow reactors for thermochemical energy storage applications.
Thermal Performance of a Low and Medium Temperature Flat Plate Solar Collector When Controlling the Output-Input Temperature Difference and the Tilt Angle
Authors: García-Rincón M. A. , Flores-Prieto J. J. , Montoya-Márquez O. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work presents a sensitivity analysis of the overall heat loss coefficient UL and the thermal efficiency η in low and medium temperature encapsulated flat plate solar collectors when controlling the output-input temperature difference ΔT and the angle of inclination β. The UL and η were determined by heat flow calorimetry at indoor conditions, emulating the solar radiation by the Joule effect and a PID control. The angle of inclination β range was 0–90 deg, and the ΔT range was 5.0–25.0 K. The ambient temperature and the mass flowrate were preset for each test. The UL experimental uncertainty was ±0.85 W/m2K for the inclination range of 0–45 deg and ±0.27 W/m2K for the inclination range of 45–90 deg. The results matched previous outcomes with a difference of up to 0.3 W/m2K. The UL exponentially increased with β from horizontal to vertical position and linearly with ΔT. The UL and the efficiency were sensitive to the confined airflow variations. The efficiency increased 140% when β was raised and 40% with ΔT.
Prevalence of lower airway dysfunction in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis by a subgroup of the IOC consensus group on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’
Authors: Price Oliver J , Sewry Nicola , Schwellnus Martin , Backer Vibeke , Reier-Nilsen Tonje , Bougault Valerie , Pedersen Lars , Chenuel Bruno , Larsson Kjell , Hull James H 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo report the prevalence of lower airway dysfunction in athletes and highlight risk factors and susceptible groups.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, EBSCOhost and Web of Science (1 January 1990 to 31 July 2020).Eligibility criteriaOriginal full-text studies, including male or female athletes/physically active individuals/military personnel (aged 15–65 years) who had a prior asthma diagnosis and/or underwent screening for lower airway dysfunction via self-report (ie, patient recall or questionnaires) or objective testing (ie, direct or indirect bronchial provocation challenge).ResultsIn total, 1284 studies were identified. Of these, 64 studies (n=37 643 athletes) from over 21 countries (81.3% European and North America) were included. The prevalence of lower airway dysfunction was 21.8% (95% CI 18.8% to 25.0%) and has remained stable over the past 30 years. The highest prevalence was observed in elite endurance athletes at 25.1% (95% CI 20.0% to 30.5%) (Q=293, I2=91%), those participating in aquatic (39.9%) (95% CI 23.4% to 57.1%) and winter-based sports (29.5%) (95% CI 22.5% to 36.8%). In studies that employed objective testing, the highest prevalence was observed in studies using direct bronchial provocation (32.8%) (95% CI 19.3% to 47.2%). A high degree of heterogeneity was observed between studies (I2=98%).ConclusionLower airway dysfunction affects approximately one in five athletes, with the highest prevalence observed in those participating in elite endurance, aquatic and winter-based sporting disciplines. Further longitudinal, multicentre studies addressing causality (ie, training status/dose–response relationship) and evaluating preventative strategies to mitigate against the development of lower airway dysfunction remain an important priority for future research.
Atrial cardiopathy and non-stenotic intracranial complicated atherosclerotic plaque in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Tao Lin , Dai Ying-Jie , Shang Zi-Yang , Li Xiao-Qiu , Wang Xin-Hong , Ntaios George , Chen Hui-Sheng 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo assess (1) the association between atrial cardiopathy (AC) and non-stenotic intracranial complicated atherosclerotic plaque (NICAP) in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) or small-vessel disease (SVD), and (2) the performance of previously proposed biomarkers to identify AC as the underlying aetiology in ESUS.MethodsBased on our high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI) cohort, 403 subjects (243 ESUS and 160 SVD) were enrolled in the final analysis. All patients underwent intracranial HR-MRI to assess the presence of ipsilateral NICAP. Biomarkers of AC (ie, P-wave terminal force in lead V1 (PTFV1) on ECG, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and left atrial diameter) were collected within 24 hours after admission.ResultsAmong patients without ipsilateral NICAP, we found an association between the presence of AC (adjusted OR (aOR): 4.76, 95% CI 2.48 to 9.14), increased PTFV1 (aOR: 5.70, 95% CI: 2.43 to 13.39) and NT-proBNP (aOR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.35) with ESUS. This association was not evident among patients with ipsilateral NICAP. The discrimination between ESUS versus SVD by AC/AC-related biomarkers was significantly improved after excluding ipsilateral NICAP. Similarly, the discrimination between ESUS and SVD by ipsilateral NICAP was notably augmented after excluding AC, PTFV1 and NT-proBNP.InterpretationAC is more prevalent in patients who had ESUS without ipsilateral NICAP compared with patients with, implying that AC and ipsilateral NICAP are two distinct, competing aetiologies of ESUS. Among the AC biomarkers studied in this analysis, PTFV1 seems to be the most informative.
Preoperative pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zheng Jun , Pan Danyang , Zheng Bin , Ruan Xiangcai 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundWe hypothesized that the addition of a preoperative pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block to intra-articular local anesthetic injection would improve analgesia after total hip arthroplasty.MethodIn this double-blinded trial, 71 patients scheduled for primary total hip arthroplasty were randomized to receive preoperative PENG block with 20 mL 0.5% ropivacaine (PENG group) or 20 mL saline (placebo group). All the patients received an intra-articular injection of 20 mL 0.5% ropivacaine by surgeon after the completion of the procedure. The primary outcome was the highest pain score reported in the recovery room. The secondary outcomes included quadriceps strength, pain scores, opioid use, and opioid-related side effects up to 48 hours after surgery.ResultsSeventy patients were included in the final analysis. The highest visual analog scale in the recovery room showed significant intergroup difference (placebo: 5.2±3.1 vs PENG: 3.3±2.7, p<0.01) but the difference did not persist after discharge from the recovery room. The two groups’ postoperative pain scores at rest were similar. A lower intraoperative morphine equivalent dose and lower postoperative vomiting were found in the PENG group. There were no differences in the other outcomes.ConclusionThe addition of a preoperative PENG block to intra-articular injections of local anesthetic provides a limited benefit to postoperative analgesia in the recovery room with no discernible benefits thereafter.Trial registration numberNCT04480320.
Energetics of Transient Eddies Related to the Midwinter Minimum of the North Pacific Storm-Track Activity
Authors: Okajima Satoru , Nakamura Hisashi , Kaspi Yohai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Storm-track activity over the North Pacific (NP) climatologically exhibits a clear minimum in midwinter, when the westerly jet speed sharply maximizes. This counterintuitive phenomenon, referred to as the “midwinter minimum (MWM),” has been investigated from various perspectives, but the mechanisms are still to be unrevealed. Toward better understanding of this phenomenon, the present study delineates the detailed seasonal evolution of climatological-mean Eulerian statistics and energetics of migratory eddies along the NP storm track over 60 years. As a comprehensive investigation of the mechanisms for the MWM, this study has revealed that the net eddy conversion/generation rate normalized by the eddy total energy, which is independent of eddy amplitude, is indeed reduced in midwinter. The reduction from early winter occurs mainly due to the decreased effectiveness of the baroclinic energy conversion through seasonally weakened temperature fluctuations and the resultant poleward eddy heat flux. The reduced net normalized conversion/generation rate in midwinter is also found to arise in part from the seasonally enhanced kinetic energy conversion from eddies into the strongly diffluent Pacific jet around its exit. The seasonality of the net energy influx also contributes especially to the spring recovery of the net normalized conversion/generation rate. The midwinter reduction in the normalized rates of both the net energy conversion/generation and baroclinic energy conversion was more pronounced in the period before the late 1980s, during which the MWM of the storm-track activity was climatologically more prominent.
Validation of Satellite Rainfall Estimates over Equatorial East Africa
Authors: Ageet Simon , Fink Andreas H. , Maranan Marlon , Diem Jeremy E. , Hartter Joel , Ssali Andrew L. , Ayabagabo Prosper 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rain gauge data sparsity over Africa is known to impede the assessments of hydrometeorological risks and of the skill of numerical weather prediction models. Satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) have been used as surrogate fields for a long time and are continuously replaced by more advanced algorithms and new sensors. Using a unique daily rainfall dataset from 36 stations across equatorial East Africa for the period 2001–18, this study performs a multiscale evaluation of gauge-calibrated SREs, namely, IMERG, TMPA, CHIRPS, and MSWEP (v2.2 and v2.8). Skills were assessed from daily to annual time scales, for extreme daily precipitation, and for TMPA and IMERG near-real-time (NRT) products. Results show that 1) the SREs reproduce the annual rainfall pattern and seasonal rainfall cycle well, despite exhibiting biases of up to 9%; 2) IMERG is the best for shorter temporal scales while MSWEPv2.2 and CHIRPS perform best at the monthly and annual time steps, respectively; 3) the performance of all the SREs varies spatially, likely due to an inhomogeneous degree of gauge calibration, with the largest variation seen in MSWEPv2.2; 4) all the SREs miss between 79% (IMERG-NRT) and 98% (CHIRPS) of daily extreme rainfall events recorded by the rain gauges; 5) IMERG-NRT is the best regarding extreme event detection and accuracy; and 6) for return values of extreme rainfall, IMERG, and MSWEPv2.2 have the least errors while CHIRPS and MSWEPv2.8 cannot be recommended. The study also highlights improvements of IMERG over TMPA, the decline in performance of MSWEPv2.8 compared to MSWEPv2.2, and the potential of SREs for flood risk assessment over East Africa.
Identifying the Impact-Related Data Uses and Gaps for Hydrometeorological Impact Forecasts and Warnings
Authors: Harrison Sara E. , Potter Sally H. , Prasanna Raj , Doyle Emma E. H. , Johnston David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImpact forecasts and warnings (IFW) are key to resilience for hydrometeorological hazards. Communicating the potential social, economic, and environmental hazard impacts allows individuals and communities to adjust their plans and better prepare for the consequences of the hazard. IFW systems require additional knowledge about impacts and underlying vulnerability and exposure. Lack of data or knowledge about impacts, vulnerability, and exposure has been identified as a challenge for IFW implementation. In this study, we begin to address this challenge by developing an understanding of the data needs and uses for IFWs. Using the grounded theory method, we conducted a series of interviews with users and creators of hazard, impact, vulnerability, and exposure data (e.g., warning services, forecasters, meteorologists, hydrologists, emergency managers, data specialists, risk modelers) to understand where these data are needed and used in the warning value chain, a concept used to represent and understand the flow of information among actors in the warning chain. In support of existing research, we found a growing need for creating, gathering, and using impact, vulnerability, and exposure data for IFWs. Furthermore, we identified different approaches for impact forecasting and defining impact thresholds using objective models and subjective impact-oriented discussions depending on the data available. We also provided new insight into a growing need to identify, model, and warn for social and health impacts, which have typically taken a back seat to modeling and forecasting physical and infrastructure impacts. Our findings on the data needs and uses within IFW systems will help guide their development and provide a pathway for identifying specific relevant data sources.
Efficacy of ultrasound assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis compared to catheter-directed thrombolysis in vitro
Authors: Nadjiri Jonathan , Kierse Anna , Sendlbeck Melanie , Janssen Agnes , Geith Tobias , Waggershauser Tobias , Paprottka Philipp M 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundCatheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) is an effective and safe endovascular method used in critical limb ischemia and many other thromboembolic events. Ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (US-CDT) is an emerging technique considered to accelerate thrombolysis and therefore is supposed to improve outcome.PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of US-CDT in comparison to standard CDT in vitro.Material and MethodsA total of 69 sets of human venous blood were evaluated, each comprising a tube just treated with CDT, a tube treated with US-CDT, and a control tube. All tubes were kept under physiological conditions. Except for the controls, in all tubes 5 mg of tissue-type plasminogen activator was administered over the predetermined treatment interval. Thrombus mass was weighted at the end of the lysis intervals at 6 h or 24 h, respectively.ResultsCDT led to a mean thrombus reduction of 32% and ultrasound-assisted lysis led to a mean thrombus reduction of 41% ( P < 0.001 for both). Thrombus reduction was significantly higher after US-CDT compared to CDT ( P = 0.001). The better efficacy of US-CDT was mostly already apparent at early phases during thrombolysis and did further mildly increase over time (r = 0.24; P = 0.047).ConclusionIn vitro US-CDT is significantly superior to standard CDT; this effect is apparent at an early timepoint of lysis and slightly further increases over time.