bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The economic impact of the pharmacist in heart failure ambulatory care clinics: A scoping review
Authors: Brasseur‐Masse Justine , Duguay‐Gentile Abigail , Gao Claire , Moindrot‐Zilliox Salomé , Radetskyy Roman , Turgeon Ricky D. , Deschênes Patrick J. F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionHeart failure (HF) is a chronic condition and a leading cause of hospitalization with high rates of mortality. HF is associated with high costs related to hospitalization, medical procedures, treatments, and medications, and is projected to reach $69.8 billion by 2030 in the United States. As pharmacists are being integrated into HF clinics, studies have shown that clinical pharmacy interventions reduce the number of hospitalizations and deaths. While clinical benefits are clear, the economic impact of different pharmacist interventions remains to be proven.MethodsWe aimed to conduct a scoping review to narratively synthesize the literature describing the costs of clinical pharmacy interventions in ambulatory HF clinics. MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL were searched from database inception to May 2024. We searched for articles containing all four key concepts: ambulatory clinic, pharmacist, heart failure, and cost.ResultsFrom 189 records identified, we included 10 studies published in English. The presence of a pharmacist in HF clinics or programs showed an overall trend of reduction in costs related to hospitalization and overall health care costs. Additionally, the overview of the literature and methodology of other studies allowed us to identify the variables necessary to establish an economic model. These include the number of patients seen by the pharmacist, type and number of interventions performed, number and costs of hospitalizations, number and costs of health care appointments or visits in and out of the HF clinic, costs of drugs taken per patient, pharmacists' salary, full‐time equivalent of pharmacists, and uptake of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT).ConclusionBased on this scoping review, clinical pharmacy intervention has demonstrated cost reduction, but has not yet been formally evaluated using a cost‐effectiveness or utility design. This review provides the framework required for a future economic study.
Borneol Ameliorates Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Promoting AMPK‐Mediated Lipophagy
Authors: Sriramdasu Shalemraju , Sharma Shivam , Ansari Abid Reza , Phatak Nikhil Vinayak , Tikoo Kulbhushan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDespite the worldwide surge in the prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however, no efficacious treatment has been clinically approved to date for combating this condition, necessitating elucidation of new therapeutic compounds. Our research presented evidence pertaining to the successful induction of NAFLD in C57BL/6 mice using a multiple liver insults paradigm. This was achieved by concurrently administering thioacetamide (100 mg/kg i.p.) along with high‐fat and high‐fructose diet (HFFrD) for 10 weeks. Following this, the beneficial effect of borneol, a bicyclic monoterpenoid, was observed in NAFLD mice in a dose‐dependent manner. Borneol administration for 4 weeks led to significant improvement in morphometric, metabolic profiles, liver functions, and oxidative stress parameters. Accumulation of lipids in hepatic tissues, which is characteristic feature of NAFLD, was confirmed by H&E, as well as oil‐red O staining was alleviated by borneol. Our investigation elucidated the pro‐autophagic effect of borneol via AMPK activation, thereby leading to the downstream activation of autophagy effector proteins, that is, Beclin1, ATG5, ATG7, and LC3 I‐II, which helps to diminish the hepatic lipid loads through augmentation of lipophagy. This study demonstrates that borneol combats NAFLD through augmentation of AMPK‐mediated lipophagy offering a promising therapeutic strategy against NAFLD.
Minimizing Variable Downhole Fractionation in U–Pb Zircon Geochronology by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS at Smaller Spot Size
Authors: Singhal Saurabh , Singh Sandeep , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe development of LA‐ICPMS and LA‐MC‐ICPMS resulted in analytical methods for zircon geochronology using a 20‐ to 60‐μm laser spot size. A high amount of complexly zoned zircons promotes the requirement of U–Pb dating at smaller spot sizes. When spot size reduces, downhole fractionation (DHF) increases, increasing the DHF discrepancy between zircon grains and the primary reference zircon standard and resulting in inaccurate results. With MC‐ICPMS's high sensitivity and multi‐collector capabilities, this work attempts to accurately determine age with spatial resolutions below 20 μm. Three well‐characterized zircon standards (91500, GJ‐1, and Plešovice) were tested at spot sizes of 35, 20, 15, and 10 μm. Laser and mass spectrometry tuning, laser shot count, and ablation time have been optimized to reduce the DHF effect on measurement accuracy. Static ablation of 35‐ to 15‐μm spots with 150 laser shot counts (30 s) yielded precision of less than 1.5% and age offset of less than 2%. The DHF differs significantly from the reference standard and two test zircon samples used for validation, with an age offset of 4% at 10‐μm spot sizes. Masking shot counts from the end enhanced accuracy, notably for lower laser shot counts and shorter ablation times. At 75 laser shot counts, precision reached 1.4% and age offsets reduced to 1.6% for 206Pb/238U age. This method minimizes laser shot counts to avoid sampling two age groups. Higher zircon DHF variability at smaller spot sizes may influence a well‐calibrated, sensitive LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analytical figure of merit.
Soil Carbon Cannot Efficiently Accumulate in Sand‐Based River Valley
Authors: Zhao Song , Cui Ji‐Fa , Wang Zhi‐Ping , Xue Jian‐Guo , Feng Jin‐Chao , Zhang Xi‐Mei , Han Shi‐Jie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRiver valley is traditionally thought a landform with efficient soil carbon accumulation, because it is generally a low‐lying wetter area relative to surrounding landforms. However, soil carbon has been less studied in sand‐based river valley of arid and semi‐arid regions. This study was to mainly understand the capacity of soil carbon accumulation in sand‐based Xilin River valley in arid and semi‐arid Mongolia Plateau by comparing with the surrounding steppe and sandland. We found that soil carbon storage per unit area sequenced in steppe > meadow > sandland, which was inversely associated with soil sand fraction. Soil carbon storage in river valley meadow was close to the mean value in three landforms, without significant difference between both. River valley wetland and water body were also synthesized at weak soil carbon accumulation. These results can be concluded that soil carbon accumulation in the low‐lying Xilin River valley had no predominance relative to the surrounding high‐lying landforms. Sand‐based soils are more aerated than loamy and clayey soils, and their organic carbon is more easily decomposed. Again, sand‐based soils are mainly composed of silicate; their low quantities of organic and inorganic carbons are further mineralized and dissolved by water erosion in the river valley, respectively. Furthermore, low plant productivity, arid and semi‐arid climate, weak sediment transport, and deposition cannot efficiently promote soil carbon accumulation. We suggest that river valley cannot be overestimated in evaluating the storage of soil carbon in arid and semi‐arid regions.
Axial Ratio and Impedance Bandwidth Enhancement of a Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Defected Ground Structure
Authors: Harkare Ankita H. , Kothari Ashwin G. , Bhurane Ankit A. , Solunke Yogesh , Peshwe Paritosh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel circularly polarized stacked dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) featuring etched slots arranged in an L‐pattern within the ground plane. An analysis of the current distribution on the ground plane reveals that the inclusion of these slots results in the formation of two distinct current paths. This, in turn, leads to measured resonances: one at 6.3 GHz corresponding to the fundamental mode, and another at 7.8 GHz corresponding to a higher order mode, . The DRA is a stacked antenna composed of two discs made of a material with  = 9.8, separated by an air gap. The upper disc is perforated with three holes, strategically reducing the effective dielectric constant and thereby yielding a substantial high‐impedance bandwidth spanning from 6 to 9 GHz. This innovative design boasts simplicity in fabrication while delivering impressive performance metrics. Specifically, it achieves a noteworthy 39.6% impedance bandwidth and a 38% 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, with overlapping coverage ranging from 6 to 8.5 GHz. Consequently, this antenna stands as an excellent choice for 5G applications operating in frequency ranges beyond the sub‐6 GHz band. The measured gains for this antenna are 5.52 dBi at the resonant frequency of 6.3 GHz and 4.5 dBi at 7.8 GHz. These gains are consistently maintained above 4 dBi throughout the entirety of the 39.6% impedance bandwidth. Furthermore, the efficiency of the antenna remains consistently above 90%.
Feeding the Flock: The Role of the Revenue Portfolio in the Financial Growth of Congregations and Religious Organizations
Authors: Searing Elizabeth A. M. , Grasse Nathan J. , Cline R. Regina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThere have been fewer population‐level studies of religious organization revenues compared to other nonprofit organizations. This discrepancy is due to the exemption of houses of worship from filing the U.S. Form 990, which is the basis for most nonprofit financial analysis in academic literature. Using granular financial data on over 30,000 religious organizations in Canada from 2009 to 2016, we explore the characteristics of the revenue portfolios for this under‐studied subsector of tax‐exempt organizations. In addition to providing useful descriptive information, such as the differences between funding portfolios by religion or denomination, we identify characteristics associated with financial growth using dynamic difference‐generalized method of moments estimations. We find that donations where receipts were given drive almost all portfolios, while revenues that comprise the portfolio fringe vary widely in form and importance for growth. This study yields information useful to practitioners and researchers interested in nonprofit finance and the financial management.
Integration of art with science: College agriculture students practice science communication by writing art museum labels
Authors: Jabbour R. , Cook R. K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMuseums, long considered institutions of learning, offer a platform for the integration of art with science. In our work shared here, an introductory college‐level agriculture science class collaborated with a university art museum. Our goal was to use art objects as a launching point for dialogue within our class, as well as a way that students could practice science and agricultural communication with a broad audience—any visitors to the art museum. These art objects, selected by the course instructor in collaboration with the university art museum's curator of academic engagement, aligned with course content. A series of guided class activities culminated in publicly displayed, student‐written extended labels that placed art objects into the scientific context of our agroecology course. Extended labels are concise, informative, and written for general audiences who are not subject matter experts. Across all labels (n = 7) created by the class, students touched on concepts related to all of the grand challenges of our course: agricultural production, conservation, pest management, and climate change. Extended labels are a unique pathway for students to practice public‐facing science communication in any type of museum willing to collaborate. Such collaboration with museums, and extended label production in particular, can be structured by instructors to meet a variety of communication, critical thinking, and creative thinking student learning outcomes.
Multi‐Slit Diffraction in Scaled Space‐Time
Authors: Feagin James M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe revisit multi‐slit diffraction with a scaling of space and time to exploit an equivalence of wave packets describing quantum free and harmonic oscillator (HO) motion. We introduce a co‐moving frame of space and time coordinates to define an effective, time‐independent, HO potential that confines and directs initially displaced wave packets along the classical phase space of the oscillator. ‐slit diffraction in the lab frame from the slits to a distant detector and the familiar spreading of the propagating wave front is then described as the propagation of HO wave packets over just a quarter cycle of the oscillator and confined to the HO potential well. We show that diffraction features are preserved in the co‐moving frame and well characterized in both the near and far fields by the classical trajectories of the HO phase space.
Trees and water: A survey of the perception and decisions of landowners in New Zealand
Authors: Villamor Grace B. , van Noordwijk Meine , Srinivasan M. S. , Clinton Peter W. , Meason Dean F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Landowners' conceptualisation of the connection between trees and water matters for their land‐use decisions and the allocation of water resources in general. Tree–water interactions are commonly explored and explained through a biophysical lens where competing demands for water from other land uses, such as plantation forests and horticulture, are important. However, other values (positive or negative) can also play a role.

Using a mixed method approach, we explored the key stakeholders' and landowners' perceptions of trees on farms and their interactions with water resources in three regions of New Zealand. Of the 363 surveyed participants, a large majority (70%) reported the presence of (exotic and native) trees on their farms. Landowners, composed of farmers and lifestyle block owners, were identified as direct actors influencing the landscape's socio‐hydrology, and most of them rely on natural water supplies for their farms.

Our research reveals that issues relating to trees and their interaction with water—including climate change‐induced droughts, the effects of forest management and harvesting practices on water, and the decline in water quality—were raised by key stakeholders. Landowners chose to keep trees on their farms to enhance biodiversity, mitigate soil erosion and provide shelterbelts. They also value trees for shade for their livestock and for improving water quality.

Our findings suggest that older landowners, those who perceive water quality as less concern and those who perceive lower flood risks are less likely to plant trees. This study sets the foundation for understanding the relationship between trees and water in New Zealand. However, additional research is necessary to assess the synergies and trade‐offs arising from the interactions of socio‐hydrological systems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Impact of local unfolding fluctuations on the evolution of regional sequence preferences in proteins
Authors: Voortman‐Sheetz Keila , Wrabl James O. , Hilser Vincent J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe number of distinct structural environments in the proteome (as observed in the Protein Data Bank) may belie an organizing framework, whereby evolution conserves the relative stability of different sequence segments, regardless of the specific structural details present in the final fold. If true, the question arises as to whether the energetic consequences of amino acid substitutions, and thus the frequencies of amino acids within each of these so‐called thermodynamic environments, could depend less on what local structure that sequence segment may adopt in the final fold, and more on the local stability of that final structure relative to the unfolded state. To address this question, a previously described ensemble‐based approach (the COREX algorithm) was used to define proteins in terms of thermodynamic environments, and the naturally occurring frequencies of amino acids within these environments were used to generate statistical energies (a type of knowledge‐based potential). By comparing compatibility scores from the statistical energies with energies calculated using the Rosetta all‐atom energy function, we assessed the information overlap between the two approaches. Results revealed a substantial correlation between the statistical scores and those obtained using Rosetta, directly demonstrating that a small number of thermodynamic environments are sufficient to capture the perceived multiplicity of different structural environments in proteins. More importantly, the agreement suggests that regional amino acid distributions within each protein in any proteome have been substantially driven by the evolutionary conservation of the regional differences in stabilities within protein families.
Folding of a tandemly knotted protein: Evidence that a polypeptide chain can get out of deep kinetic traps
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Jackson Sophie E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIt is hard to imagine how proteins can thread and form knots in their polypeptide chains, but they do. These topologically complex structures have challenged the traditional protein folding views of simple funnel‐shaped energy landscapes. Previous experimental studies on the folding mechanisms of deeply knotted proteins with a single trefoil knot have yielded evidence that this topology has a more complicated folding landscape than other simpler proteins. However, to date, there have been no attempts to study the folding of any protein in which multiple threading events are needed to create more than one knot within a single polypeptide chain. Here, we report the construction and characterization of an artificial tandemly knotted protein. We find compelling evidence that both domains of the protein form trefoil knots with similar structures and stabilities to the parent single trefoil‐knotted protein. In addition, we show that this tandemly knotted protein has a complex folding pathway in which there are additional very slow folding phases that we propose correspond to the formation of the second knot within the system. We also find evidence that during folding this protein gets transiently trapped in deep kinetic traps, however, the majority of protein chains (>90%) manage to partially unfold and acquire the native tandem‐knot topology. This work highlights the fact that Nature can tolerate more complex protein topologies than we thought, and despite considerable misfolding during folding, protein chains can find their way to the native state even in the absence of molecular chaperones.
Torsional twist of the SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 SUD‐N and SUD‐M domains
Authors: Rosas‐Lemus Monica , Minasov George , Brunzelle Joseph S. , Taha Taha Y. , Lemak Sofia , Yin Shaohui , Shuvalova Ludmilla , Rosecrans Julia , Khanna Kanika , Seifert H. Steven , Savchenko Alexei , Stogios Peter J. , Ott Melanie , Satchell Karla J. F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCoronavirus non‐structural protein 3 (nsp3) forms hexameric crowns of pores in the double membrane vesicle that houses the replication–transcription complex. Nsp3 in SARS‐like viruses has three unique domains absent in other coronavirus nsp3 proteins. Two of these, SUD‐N (Macrodomain 2) and SUD‐M (Macrodomain 3), form two lobes connected by a peptide linker and an interdomain disulfide bridge. We resolve the first complete x‐ray structure of SARS‐CoV SUD‐N/M as well as a mutant variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 SUD‐N/M modified to restore cysteines for interdomain disulfide bond naturally lost by evolution. Comparative analysis of all structures revealed SUD‐N and SUD‐M are not rigidly associated but rather have significant rotational flexibility. Phylogenetic analysis supports that the potential to form the disulfide bond is common across betacoronavirus isolates from many bat species and civets, but also one or both of the cysteines that form the disulfide bond are absent across isolates from bats and pangolins. The absence of these cysteines does not impact viral replication or protein translation.
Protein Data Bank Japan: Improved tools for sequence‐oriented analysis of protein structures
Authors: Bekker Gert‐Jan , Nagao Chioko , Shirota Matsuyuki , Nakamura Tsukasa , Katayama Toshiaki , Kihara Daisuke , Kinoshita Kengo , Kurisu Genji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractProtein Data Bank Japan (PDBj) is the Asian hub of three‐dimensional macromolecular structure data, and a founding member of the worldwide Protein Data Bank. We have accepted, processed, and distributed experimentally determined biological macromolecular structures for over two decades. Although we collaborate with RCSB PDB and BMRB in the United States, PDBe and EMDB in Europe and recently PDBc in China for our data‐in activities, we have developed our own unique services and tools for searching, exploring, visualizing and analyzing protein structures. We have recently introduced a new UniProt‐integrated portal to provide users with a quick overview of their target protein and shows a recommended structure with integrated data from various internal and external resources. The portal page helps users identify known genomic variations of their protein of interest and provide insights into how these modifications might impact the structure, stability and dynamics of the protein. Furthermore, the portal page also helps users to select the optimal structure to use for further analysis. We have also introduced another service to explore proteins using experimental and computational approaches, which enables experimental structural biologists to increase their insight to help them to more efficiently design their experimental studies. With these new additions, we have enhanced our service portfolio to benefit both experimental and computational structural biologists in their search to interpret protein structures, their dynamics and function.
From duplication to fusion: Expanding Dayhoff's model of protein evolution
Authors: Muthahari Yusran Abdillah , Magnus Lilian , Laurino Paola 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDayhoff's hypothesis suggests that complex proteins emerged from simpler peptides or domains, which duplicated and fused to create more complex proteins and novel functions. These processes expanded and diversified the protein repertoire within organisms. Extensive studies and reviews over the past two decades have highlighted the impact of gene duplication on protein evolution. However, the role of fusion in this evolutionary narrative remains less understood. This perspective seeks to address this gap by emphasizing the role of fusion in evolution. Fusion is critical in determining the evolutionary fate of duplicated protomers, either preserving their ancestral function or evolving entirely new functions. It complements mutations, insertions, and deletions as evolutionary steps to enhance protein evolvability by expanding the capacity of the protein to explore new structural and functional space.