bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specificity in Associations of Anger Frequency and Expression With Different Causes of Mortality Over 20 Years
Authors: Trudel-Fitzgerald Claudia , Reduron Laetitia R. , Kawachi Ichiro , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
Although evidence has linked anger and hostility with all-cause mortality risk, less research has examined whether anger frequency and expression (outwardly expressing angry feelings) are linked to all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods
In 1996, men (n = 17,352) free of medical conditions from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study reported anger frequency and aggressive expression levels. Deaths were ascertained from participants’ families, postal authorities, and death registries. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality risk until 2016 with a 2-year lag, adjusting for a range of relevant covariates.

Results
There were 4881 deaths throughout follow-up. After adjustment for sociodemographics and health status, moderate and higher (versus lower) levels of anger frequency and aggressive expression were generally unrelated to the risk of death from all-cause, neurological, or respiratory diseases. However, cardiovascular mortality risk was greater with higher anger frequency (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.01–1.34), whereas cancer mortality risk was greater with higher anger expression (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.98–1.33). Results were similar after including all covariates and stronger when considering anger expression’s interaction with frequency.

Conclusions
In this cohort of men, experiencing angry feelings and expressing them aggressively were related to an increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and cancer but not from other specific causes, over two decades. These results suggest that not only the experience of negative emotions but also how they are managed may be critical for some but not all health outcomes, highlighting the importance of considering causes of death separately when investigating psychosocial determinants of mortality.
Revisiting the Pericranial Flap for Scalp Reconstruction
Authors: Gishen Kriya , Yoo Jason , Plotsker Ethan , Thaller Seth R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Soft tissue deficits of the scalp due to trauma, infection, or tumor resection present a unique challenge to the reconstructive surgeon whose goal is to achieve excellent cosmesis in a hair bearing area without compromising coverage. While extensive undermining for large rotation flaps or free tissue transfer can provide necessary coverage, the pericranial flap is an excellent alternative for less ideal surgical candidates who cannot tolerate more extensive interventions or for patients who require long-term cancer surveillance. Elevation of the pericranial flap limits the need for back cuts through the skin and uses blunt dissection to preserve overlying hair follicles. Here we present a review of the anatomy and historical use of the pericranial flap for scalp coverage and we present 4 cases to demonstrate its current utility.
Evolving role of minimally invasive techniques in the management of symptomatic bone metastases
Authors: Benhabib Hadas , Meirovich Harley , David Elizabeth 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Bone metastases are responsible for considerable morbidity, which can significantly limit a patient's quality of life. This article aims to review minimally invasive, image-guided locoregional treatments for symptomatic bone metastases as an adjunct to conventional treatment modalities.

Recent findings
Conservative therapy and radiation therapy (RT) can be effective at addressing pain, however, they require time to achieve optimal efficacy and do not address the instability and progressive collapse of pathological fractures. Vertebral and pelvic augmentation with cement enhances structural stability and can prevent progressive collapse and deformity. Ablative therapies, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, and photodynamic therapy (PDT), induce cellular destruction of tumor tissue. RFA and PDT can be combined with cement augmentation in a single sitting.

Summary
Minimally invasive image-guided treatments can provide rapid pain relief, enhance mechanical stability, and improve quality of life. These treatments are associated with low complication rates and are suitable for frail patients. They can be used as companion procedures to conventional treatments, or function as an alternative for patients with radioresistant biologies or those with dose limitations from prior RT sessions.
Clinical Utility of SPECT in the Heart Transplant Population: Analysis From a Single Large-volume Center
Authors: Aguilar Jack , Miller Robert J. H. , Otaki Yuka , Tamarappoo Balaji , Hayes Sean , Friedman John , Slomka Piotr J. , Thomson Louise E. J. , Kittleson Michelle , Patel Jignesh K. , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Berman Daniel S. 
Published: April 2021

Background.
Survival after heart transplant has greatly improved, with median survival now over 12 years. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) has become a major source of long-term morbidity and mortality. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is used for CAV surveillance, but there is limited data on its prognostic utility.

Methods.
We retrospectively identified patients undergoing SPECT MPI for CAV surveillance at a single, large-volume center. Images were assessed with semiquantitative visual scoring (summed stress score [SSS] and summed rest score) and quantitatively with total perfusion defect (TPD).

Results.
We studied 503 patients (mean age 62.5, 69.3% male) at a median of 9.0 years post-transplant. During mean follow-up of 5.1 ± 2.5 years, 114 (22.6%) patients died. The diagnostic accuracy for significant CAV (ISHLT grade 2 or 3) was highest for SSS with an area under the curve of 0.650 and stress TPD (area under the curve, 0.648), with no significant difference between SSS and stress TPD (P = 0.061). Stress TPD (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; P = 0.018) was independently associated with all-cause mortality, while SSS was not (P = 0.064). The prognostic accuracy of quantitative assessment of perfusion tended to be higher compared with semiquantitative assessment, with the highest accuracy for stress TPD (area under the receiver operating curve 0.584).

Conclusions.
While SPECT MPI identified a cohort of higher risk patients, with quantitative analysis of perfusion demonstrating higher prognostic accuracy. However, the overall prognostic accuracy was modest and alternative noninvasive modalities may be more suitable for CAV surveillance.
Solid Organ Transplantation From Deceased Donors With Infective Endocarditis: The UK Experience
Authors: Greenhall George H. B. , Robb Matthew L. , Brown Chloe , Johnson Rachel J. , Tomlinson Laurie A. , Callaghan Chris J. , Watson Christopher J. E. 
Published: April 2021

Background.
There is little evidence regarding the use of organs from deceased donors with infective endocarditis. We performed a retrospective analysis of the utilization, safety, and long-term survival of transplants from donors with infective endocarditis in the United Kingdom.

Methods.
We studied deceased donor transplants over an 18-y period (2001–2018) using data from the UK Transplant Registry. We estimated the risk of infection transmission, defined as a microbiological isolate in the recipient matching the causative organism in the donor in the first 30 days posttransplant. We examined all-cause allograft failure up to 5 years in kidney and liver recipients, comparing transplants from donors with endocarditis with randomly selected matched control transplants.

Results.
We studied 88 transplants from 42 donors with infective endocarditis. We found no cases of infection transmission. There was no difference in allograft failure between transplants from donors with infective endocarditis and matched control transplants, among either kidney (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.66-3.34) or liver (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.54-2.41) recipients. Compared with matched controls, donors with infective endocarditis donated fewer organs (2.3 versus 3.2 organs per donor; P < 0.001) and were less likely to become kidney donors (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.16-0.55).

Conclusions.
We found acceptable safety and long-term allograft survival in transplants from selected donors with infective endocarditis in the United Kingdom. This may have implications for donor selection and organ utilization.
Plasma Levels of SERCA2a as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Primary Graft Dysfunction After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Lozano-Edo Silvia , Sánchez-Lázaro Ignacio , Portolés Manuel , Roselló-Lletí Esther , Tarazón Estefania , Arnau-Vives Miguel Angel , Ezzitouny Meryem , Lopez-Vilella Raquel , Almenar-Bonet Luis , Martínez-Dolz Luis 
Published: April 2021

Background.
Noninvasive detection of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) remains a major challenge. SERCA2a plays an important role in cardiac homeostasis and its dysregulation has been associated with ventricular dysfunction and rejection. This study aimed to determine the potential utility of plasma levels of SERCA2a as a biomarker of PGD.

Methods.
One hundred thirty-five plasma samples were collected from adult recipients 2–6 hours before heart transplantation (HT). Plasma concentrations of SERCA2a were determined using a specific sandwich ELISA. Variables related to the recipient, the donor, and the periprocedural were collected to determine a multivariate predictive model of PGD.

Results.
Levels of SERCA2a were decreased in patients who developed PGD (median 0.430 ng/mL [interquartile range, 0.260–0.945] versus 0.830 ng/mL [interquartile range, 0.582–1.052]; P = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that SERCA2a discriminated between patients with and without PGD (AUC = 0.682; P = 0.001), and a cutoff point ≥ 0.60 ng/mL was a protective independent predictor of PGD (odds ratio 0.215 [P = 0.004]). Three independent predictors of PGD in this study were reduced levels of pre-HT SERCA2a, increased bilirubin levels, and short-term mechanical circulatory support bridge to transplantation. The analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model obtained a significant AUC 0.788, P = 0.0001.

Conclusions.
Our findings suggest that assessment of SERCA2a plasma levels may improve risk prediction for the occurrence of PGD and could be considered as a novel noninvasive biomarker in patients undergoing HT.
Cigarette craving modulation is more feasible than resistance modulation for heavy cigarette smokers: empirical evidence from functional MRI data
Authors: Kim Dong-Youl , Tegethoff Marion , Meinlschmidt Gunther , Yoo Seung-Schik , Lee Jong-Hwan 
Published: April 2021

Background
Modulation of cigarette craving and neuronal activations from nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers using real-time functional MRI (rtfMRI)-based neurofeedback (rtfMRI-NF) has been previously reported.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of rtfMRI-NF training in reducing cigarette cravings using fMRI data acquired before and after training.

Methods
Treatment-seeking male heavy cigarette smokers (N = 14) were enrolled and randomly assigned to two conditions related to rtfMRI-NF training aiming at resisting the urge to smoke. In one condition, subjects underwent conventional rtfMRI-NF training using neuronal activity as the neurofeedback signal (activity-based) within regions-of-interest (ROIs) implicated in cigarette craving. In another condition, subjects underwent rtfMRI-NF training with additional functional connectivity information included in the neurofeedback signal (functional connectivity-added). Before and after rtfMRI-NF training at each of two visits, participants underwent two fMRI runs with cigarette smoking stimuli and were asked to crave or resist the urge to smoke without neurofeedback. Cigarette craving-related or resistance-related regions were identified using a general linear model followed by paired t-tests and were evaluated using regression analysis on the basis of neuronal activation and subjective craving scores (CRSs).

Results
Visual areas were mainly implicated in craving, whereas the superior frontal areas were associated with resistance. The degree of (a) CRS reduction and (b) the correlation between neuronal activation and CRSs were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in the functional connectivity-added neurofeedback group for craving-related ROIs.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated the feasibility of altering cigarette craving in craving-related ROIs but not in resistance-related ROIs via rtfMRI-NF training.
Developing and comparing machine learning models to detect sleep apnoea using single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring
Authors: Hedman Marcel , Rojas Alex , Arora Anmol , Ola David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSleep apnoea has a high disease burden but remains underdiagnosed, in part due to the expensive and resource intensive nature of polysomnography, its definitive investigation. Emerging literature suggests that it may be possible to detect sleep apnoea using single-lead ECG signals, such as those obtained from smartwatches. In this study, we use two forms of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to detect sleep apnoea events from single-lead ECG signals.MethodsWe use single-lead ECG data from the PhysioNet Apnea-ECG database, which contains data from 70 patients. We train a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (GRU) model and a bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) model on labelled ECG signals from 35 patients and test the models on the remaining 35 patients in the dataset.ResultsBoth models achieved 97.1% accuracy, sensitivity and specificity to detect whether the ECG recordings belonged to a patient diagnosed with sleep apnoea. This corresponds to 34/35 patients in the dataset. At detecting individual apnoea events, the GRU and LSTM models achieved 90.4% and 91.7% accuracies respectively.DiscussionThe models achieved high levels of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. Bidirectional RNNs are strengthened by the ability of the models to be informed by both past and future states when analysing sequential data, such as ECGs. The models also require minimal human intervention as they automatically extract features from the data. If single-lead ECGs prove a suitable tool for sleep apnoea detection, this may enhance the diagnosis of sleep apnoea and potentially allow widespread screening for the condition.ConclusionsWe note that using models such as bidirectional RNNs has the potential to augment model performance. However, more research and validation is required in order to test whether these may be applicable to other datasets and in clinical practice.
Blood transcriptomes of anti-SARS-CoV2 antibody positive healthy individuals with prior asymptomatic versus clinical infection
Authors: Sfikakis Petros P. , Verrou Kleio-Maria , Tsitsilonis Ourania , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Kastritis Efstathios , Lianidou Evi , Moutsatsou Paraskevi , Terpos Evangelos , Trougakos Ioannis , Chini Vasiliki , Manoloukos Menelaos , Moulos Panagiotis , Pavlopoulos Georgios A. , Kollias George , Ampatziadis-Michailidis Giannis , Hatzis Pantelis , Dimopoulos Meletios A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite tremendous efforts by the international research community to understand the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the reasons behind the clinical variability, ranging from asymptomatic infection to lethal disease, are still unclear. Existing inter-individual variations of the immune responses, due to environmental exposures and genetic factors, may be critical to the development or not of symptomatic disease after infection with SARS-CoV-2, and transcriptomic differences marking such responses may be observed even later, after convalescence. Herein, we performed genome-wide transcriptional whole-blood profiling to test the hypothesis that immune response-related gene signatures may differ between healthy individuals with prior entirely asymptomatic versus clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection, all of which developed an equally robust antibody response. Among 12.789 protein-coding genes analyzed, there were only six and nine genes with significantly decreased or increased expression, respectively, in those with prior asymptomatic infection (n=17, mean age 34 years) relatively to those with clinical infection (n=15, mean age 37 years). All six genes with decreased expression (IFIT3, IFI44L, RSAD2, FOLR3, PI3, ALOX15), are involved in innate immune response while the first two are interferon-induced proteins. Among genes with increased expression six are involved in immune response (GZMH, CLEC1B, CLEC12A), viral mRNA translation (GCAT), energy metabolism (CACNA2D2) and oxidative stress response (ENC1). Notably, 8/15 differentially expressed genes are regulated by interferons. Our results suggest that an intrinsically weaker expression of some innate immunity-related genes may be associated with an asymptomatic disease course in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whether a certain gene signature predicts, or not, those who will develop a more efficient immune response upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2, with implications for prioritization for vaccination, warrant further study.
A novel artificial lung organoid for simulating a patient derived adenocarcinoma of lung for personalized oncology
Authors: Esmail Sally , Danter Wayne R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTOptimizing patient care based on precision oncology will inevitably become the standard of care. If we accept the principle that every persons’ cancer is different then the most effective therapies will have to be designed for the individual patient and for their tumors genetic profile. Access to tumor mutational profiling is now widely available but continues to be limited by cost and actionable information. For example, novel combinations of approved drugs are rarely considered. These considerations lead us to hypothesize that artificially induced Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) derived lung organoids could provide a novel, alternate approach for LUAD disease modeling and large-scale targeted drug screening.In this project, we used data from a commercially available tumor mutation profile to generate and then validate the artificially induced LUAD-derived lung organoid simulations (aiLUNG-LUAD) to model LUAD and identify several drug combinations that effectively reverse the tumors’ genotypic and phenotypic features when compared with placebo. These results complement previous LUAD-derived lung organoids research and provide a novel and widely applicable cancer drug-screening approach for precision/individualized oncology.
Transdiagnostic neurocognitive deficits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia: A 1-year follow-up study
Authors: Correa-Ghisays Patricia , Sánchez-Ortí Joan Vicent , Balanzá-Martínez Vicent , Selva-Vera Gabriel , Vila-Francés Joan , Magdalena-Benedito Rafael , Victor Victor M , Lopez Irene Escribano , Hernández-Mijares Antonio , Vivas-Lalinde Juliana , San-Martín Constanza , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundImpairments in neurocognition are critical factors in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ), and also in those with somatic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Intriguingly, these severe mental illnesses are associated with an increased co-occurrence of diabetes (direct comorbidity). This study sought to investigate the neurocognition and social functioning across T2DM, MDD, BD, and SZ using a transdiagnostic and longitudinal approach.MethodsA total of 165 subjects, including 30 with SZ, 42 with BD, 35 with MDD, 30 with T2DM, and 28 healthy controls (HC), were assessed twice at a 1-year interval using a comprehensive, integrated test battery on neuropsychological and social functioning.ResultsCommon neurocognitive impairments in somatic and psychiatric disorders were identified, including deficits in short-term memory and cognitive reserve (p < 0.01; η2p = 0.08-0.31). Social functioning impairments were observed in almost all the disorders (p < 0.0001; η2p = 0.29-0.49). Transdiagnostic deficits remained stable across the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.13-0.43) and could accurately differentiate individuals with somatic and psychiatric disorders (χ2 = 48.0, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis longitudinal study provides evidence of the overlap in neurocognition deficits across somatic and psychiatric diagnostic categories, such as T2DM, MDD, BD, and SZ, which have high comorbidity. This overlap may be a result of shared genetic and environmental etiological factors. The findings further lay forth promising avenues for research on transdiagnostic phenotypes of neurocognition in these disorders, in addition to their biological bases.
EVIDENCE FOR BIOLOGICAL AGE ACCELERATION AND TELOMERE SHORTENING IN COVID19 SURVIVORS
Authors: Mongelli Alessia , Barbi Veronica , Zamperla Michela Gottardi , Atlante Sandra , Forleo Luana , Nesta Marialisa , Massetti Massimo , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Nanni Simona , Farsetti Antonella , Catalano Oronzo , Bussotti Maurizio , Vecchia Laura Dalla , Bachetti Tiziana , Martelli Fabio , La Rovere Maria Teresa , Gaetano Carlo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroduction & Backgroundthe SARS-CoV-2 infection determines the COVID19 syndrome characterized, in the worst cases, by severe respiratory distress, pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis, inflammatory cytokines release, and immunosuppression. This condition has led to the death of about 2.15% of the total infected world population so far. Among survivors, the presence of the so-called persistent post-COVID19 syndrome (PPCS) is a common finding. In patients who survived the SARS-CoV-2 infection, overt PPCS presents one or more symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, memory loss, sleep disorders, and difficulty concentrating. The pathophysiology of PPCS is currently poorly understood, and whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved in this process is unexplored.Methods & ResultsIn this study, a cohort of 117 COVID19 survivors (post-COVID19) and 144 non-infected volunteers (COVID19-free) were analyzed using pyrosequencing of defined CpG islands previously identified as suitable for biological age determination. Besides, telomere length (TL) and ACE2 and DPP-4 receptor expression were determined. The results show a consistent biological age increase in the post-COVID19 population (58,44 ± 14,66 ChronoAge Vs. 67,18 ± 10,86 BioAge, P<0,0001), determining a DeltaAge acceleration of 10,45 ± 7,29 years (+5.25 years above range of normality) compared to 3,68 ± 8,17 years for the COVID19-free population (P<0,0001). A significant telomere shortening parallels this finding in the post-COVID19 cohort compared to COVID19-free subjects (post-COVID19 TL: 3,03 ± 2,39 Kb vs. COVID19-free: 10,67 ± 11,69 Kb; P<0,0001). Additionally, ACE2 expression was decreased in post-COVID19 patients compare to COVID19-free, while DPP-4 did not change.ConclusionIn light of these observations, we hypothesize that some epigenetic alterations are associated with the post-COVID19 condition, particularly in the youngers (<60 years). Although the consequences of such modifications on the long-term clinical outcome remain unclear, this finding might help indicating a direction to investigate the pathophysiology at the onset of the persistent post-COVID19 syndrome.