bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic-stall measurements using time-resolved pressure-sensitive paint on double-swept rotor blades
Authors: Weiss Armin , Geisler Reinhard , Müller Martin M. , Klein Christian , Henne Ulrich , Braukmann Johannes N. , Letzgus Johannes 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study presents an optimized pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) measurement system that was applied to investigate unsteady surface pressures on recently developed double-swept rotor blades in the rotor test facility at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Göttingen. The measurement system featured an improved version of a double-shutter camera that was designed to reduce image blur in PSP measurements on fast rotating blades. It also comprised DLR’s PSP sensor, developed to capture transient flow phenomena (iPSP). Unsteady surface pressures were acquired across the outer 65% of the rotor blade with iPSP and at several radial blade sections by fast-response pressure transducers at blade-tip Mach and Reynolds numbers of $$\mathrm {M}_\mathrm{tip} = 0.282-0.285$$

M
tip

=
0.282
-
0.285

and $$\mathrm {Re}_\mathrm{tip}= 5.84-5.95 \times 10^5$$

Re
tip

=
5.84
-
5.95
×

10
5

. The unique experimental setup allowed for scanning surface pressures across the entire pitch cycle at a phase resolution of $${0.225}\,{\mathrm{deg}}$$

0.225

deg

azimuth for different collective and cyclic-pitch settings. Experimental results of both investigated cyclic-pitch settings are compared in detail to a delayed detached eddy simulation using the flow solver FLOWer and to flow visualizations from unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) computations with DLR’s TAU code. The findings reveal a detailed and yet unseen insight into the pressure footprint of double-swept rotor blades undergoing dynamic stall and allow for deducing “stall maps”, where confined areas of stalled flow on the blade are identifiable as a function of the pitch phase.

Graphical abstract
Craniofacial characteristics and cosmetic satisfaction of patients with sagittal and metopic synostosis: a case–control study using 3D photogrammetric imaging
Authors: Svalina Anja , Vuollo Ville , Serlo Willy , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko , Silvola Anna-Sofia , Salokorpi Niina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the craniofacial and aesthetic characteristics of adult metopic and sagittal craniosynostosis patients operated on in early childhood compared to controls. The goal was to find objective measurements that would correlate with the patient’s subjective self-evaluation of their own cosmetic appearance.

Methods
The study population consisted of 49 patients from whom 41 had premature fusion of the sagittal and in 8 of metopic suture. There were 65 age and gender matching controls from The Finish National Register. The 3D photogrammetric models were created from all patients and controls. The images were analysed using Rapidform 2006. Facial landmarks were set by the standard Farkas points. Facial symmetry parameters were calculated by using the landmarks and the mirror shell of the face. Aesthetic evaluation was done from standard photographs using panels. Subjective satisfaction with one’s own appearance was evaluated using questionnaires.

Results
Patients had the greatest asymmetry in the forehead area when compared to controls (symmetry percentage 59% versus 66%, p = 0.013). In the control group, the gap between the eyes was smaller than in the case group, resulting in an absolute 2 mm difference (p = 0.003). The area of the chin and the landmarks were more located on the left side in the patient group, resulting in up to a 1.1 mm difference between the groups (p = 0.003). Only a weak association was found between craniofacial symmetry and appearance evaluations.

Conclusion
Patients operated on because of sagittal and metopic synostoses were found to have facial asymmetry at long follow-up. However, the differences were < 3 mm and not clinically important. The long-term aesthetical outcome of the surgery performed because of sagittal or metopic craniosynostosis based on the 3D image evaluation was good.
Cross-lingual citations in English papers: a large-scale analysis of prevalence, usage, and impact
Authors: Saier Tarek , Färber Michael , Tsereteli Tornike 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCitation information in scholarly data is an important source of insight into the reception of publications and the scholarly discourse. Outcomes of citation analyses and the applicability of citation-based machine learning approaches heavily depend on the completeness of such data. One particular shortcoming of scholarly data nowadays is that non-English publications are often not included in data sets, or that language metadata is not available. Because of this, citations between publications of differing languages (cross-lingual citations) have only been studied to a very limited degree. In this paper, we present an analysis of cross-lingual citations based on over one million English papers, spanning three scientific disciplines and a time span of three decades. Our investigation covers differences between cited languages and disciplines, trends over time, and the usage characteristics as well as impact of cross-lingual citations. Among our findings are an increasing rate of citations to publications written in Chinese, citations being primarily to local non-English languages, and consistency in citation intent between cross- and monolingual citations. To facilitate further research, we make our collected data and source code publicly available.
Emergency department physicians’ distribution of time in the fast paced-workflow-a novel time-motion study of drug-related activities
Authors: Nymoen Lisbeth D. , Tran Therese , Walter Scott R. , Lehnbom Elin C. , Tunestveit Ingrid K. , Øie Erik , Viktil Kirsten K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground In the emergency department physicians are forced to distribute their time to ensure that all admitted patients receive appropriate emergency care. Previous studies have raised concerns about medication discrepancies in patient’s drug lists at admission to the emergency department. Thus, it is important to study how emergency department physicians distribute their time, to highlight where workflow redesign can be needed.Aim to quantify how emergency department physicians distribute their time between various task categories, with particular focus on drug-related tasks.Method Direct observation, time-motion study of emergency department physicians at Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Physicians’ activities were categorized in discrete categories and data were collected with the validated method of Work Observation Method By Activity Timing between October 2018 to January 2019. Bootstrap analysis determined 95% confidence intervals for proportions and interruption rates.Results During the observation time of 91.4 h, 31 emergency department physicians were observed. In total, physicians spent majority of their time gathering information (36.5%), communicating (26.3%), and documenting (24.2%). Further, physicians spent 17.8% (95% CI 16.8%, 19.3%) of their time on drug-related tasks. On average, physicians spent 7.8 min (95% CI 7.2, 8.6) per hour to obtain and document patients’ drug lists.Conclusion Emergency department physicians are required to conduct numerous essential tasks and distributes a minor proportion of their time on drug-related tasks. More efficient information flow regarding drugs should be facilitated at transitions of care. The presence of healthcare personnel dedicated to obtaining drug lists in the emergency department should be considered.
Accuracy, probabilism, and the insufficiency of the alethic
Authors: Dethier Corey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe best and most popular argument for probabilism is the accuracy-dominance argument, which purports to show that alethic considerations alone support the view that an agent’s degrees of belief should always obey the axioms of probability. I argue that extant versions of the accuracy-dominance argument face a problem. In order for the mathematics of the argument to function as advertised, we must assume that every omniscient credence function is classically consistent; there can be no worlds in the set of dominance-relevant worlds that obey some other logic. This restriction cannot be motivated on alethic grounds unless we’re also willing to accept that rationality requires belief in every metaphysical necessity, as the distinction between a priori logical necessities and a posteriori metaphysical ones is not an alethic distinction. To justify the restriction to classically consistent worlds, non-alethic motivation is required. And thus, if there is a version of the accuracy-dominance argument in support of probabilism, it isn’t one that is grounded in alethic considerations alone.
Resource allocation procedures for unknown sales response functions with additive disturbances
Authors: Gahler Daniel , Hruschka Harald 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe develop a modified exploration–exploitation algorithm which allocates a fixed resource (e.g., a fixed budget) to several units with the objective to attain maximum sales. This algorithm does not require knowledge of the form and the parameters of sales response functions and is able to cope with additive random disturbances. Note that additive random disturbances, as a rule, are a component of sales response functions estimated by econometric methods. We compare the developed algorithm to three rules of thumb which in practice are often used to solve this allocation problem. The comparison is based on a Monte Carlo simulation for 384 experimental constellations, which are obtained from four function types, four procedures (including our algorithm), similar/varied elasticities, similar/varied saturations, high/low budgets, and three disturbance levels. A statistical analysis of the simulation results shows that across a multi-period planning horizon the algorithm performs better than the rules of thumb considered with respect to two sales-related criteria.
Market-based measures and their impact on green shipping technologies
Authors: Metzger Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the strategy on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), market-based measures (MBMs) are considered feasible mid-term measures. Thus, the relevance of MBMs for the shipping industry can be expected to grow in the future and, consequently, carbon and other GHG emissions will impact the investment appraisal for greening technologies. This paper illustrates the impact of carbon pricing on the valuation of greening technologies (especially wind-assisted propulsion technologies) and on the relevant decision-making. In this regard, the straightforward approach of a direct acquisition and installation of the respective technology is considered and compared against innovative financing models, such as shared savings. Hence, the Fuzzy Pay-Off Method (FPOM) is applied in order to visualize the risks and chances linked to MBMs. Due to the economic life of greening technologies, the results are already relevant for today’s investment appraisals, even though carbon pricing has not been enforced so far.
The Relevance of School Coexistence Free of Peer Violence in Relation to Children’s Subjective Well-Being: An Essay Article
Authors: Corominas Mari 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPeer violence within school coexistence exposes children and adolescents to risk and vulnerability, therefore scholar bullying is also a relevant issue on childhood well-being. In that sense, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child constitutes a framework for promoting children’s well-being in schooling and education: in relation to protection rights from all forms of violence, schools should protect children from physical, mental or any other danger. The negative influence of scholar peer violence on children’s subjective well-being can be explored through the analysis of the responses given by a probabilistic sample of primary school children from Barcelona in 2017 (mean age = 10.7, analysed sample = 3,962) to the Barcelona Survey of Children’s Subjective Well-Being, an adapted version of the third wave of the International Survey of Children’s Well-Being from the Children’s Worlds international research project. It is noteworthy the negative influence of the scholar peer violence on the children’s subjective well-being, and that there are children without the personal and social support for deal with this type of adversity. Finally, some children’s interpretations and their proposals are shared to ‘taking decidedly action against bullying and preventing it’.
Indirekte Effekte von Abrufübungen – Intuitiv und doch häufig unterschätzt
Authors: Endres Tino , Renkl Alexander 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungAufgaben, die den Abruf von kürzlich gelernten Inhalten erfordern, können das Erinnern dieser Inhalte erleichtern („Testing Effekt“). Abrufaufgaben können aber auch metakognitive, motivationale und kognitive Auswirkungen haben, die die Effizienz des weiteren Lernens nach dem Abruf beeinflussen. Diese Einflüsse werden als indirekte Effekte der Abrufübungen bezeichnet. Auch wenn diese indirekten Abrufeffekte selten isoliert untersucht wurden, gibt es bereits eine Vielzahl an Erkenntnissen aus verschiedenen Forschungstraditionen, die uns erlauben Rückschlüsse darauf zu ziehen, wie sich Abrufübungen auf das nachfolgende Lernen auswirken und welche Lernziele wie erreicht werden können. In diesem Artikel werden metakognitive, motivationale und lernzielspezifische Effekte zusammengestellt und erläutert, wie diese im Unterricht genutzt werden können. Dabei legen wir besonderes Augenmerk auf bedeutungshaltiges Lernen, das auf Verständnis des Lernstoffes abzielt. In unserer Zusammenstellung wird deutlich, dass es keine ideale Art gibt, indirekte Effekte von Abrufübungen zu nutzen. Je nach Lernzielen und den Eigenschaften der Lernenden sind unterschiedliche Arten der indirekten Abrufübungen zu empfehlen, da unterschiedliche Abrufarten jeweils Schwächen und Stärken in Bezug auf bestimmte Ziele haben. Sowohl Lehrende als auch Lernende sollten um die spezifischen Wirkmechanismen der indirekten Effekte der Abrufübungen wissen, um das eigene Lernverhalten oder das anderer Lernender gezielt optimieren zu können.
Suppression of molten salt corrosion by plasma sprayed Ni3Al coatings
Authors: Yasir Sarah , Endrino Jose Luis , Guillén Elena , Aria Adrianus Indrat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCorrosion behaviour of stainless steel 347 was investigated in a molten nitrate salt (60 wt% NaNO3 + 40 wt% KNO3) immersion at 565 °C for up to 3000 h. A growth of stratified oxide layers consisting of NaFeO2, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 was observed on the stainless steel surface with a constant gravimetric corrosion rate of ~ 0.4 µm/year. The feasibility of using Ni3Al coatings deposited by means of air plasma spray for suppression of corrosion was investigated. Ni3Al coatings were observed to undergo a fast oxidation with a corrosion rate of ~ 2.7 µm/year in the first 500 h, and subsequently stabilise between 500 and 3000 h with no observable changes in microstructure, composition and weight at a corrosion rate of ~ 0.02 µm/year. The results presented in this study strongly suggest that Ni3Al coating suppresses the formation of oxide layers on the surface of stainless steel substrates and can be used as protection against corrosion in the presence of molten nitrate salts, which is of relevance to thermal energy storage applications.
Second-Order Invariant Domain Preserving ALE Approximation of Euler Equations
Authors: Guermond Jean-Luc , Popov Bojan , Saavedra Laura 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn invariant domain preserving arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method for solving non-linear hyperbolic systems is developed. The numerical scheme is explicit in time and the approximation in space is done with continuous finite elements. The method is made invariant domain preserving for the Euler equations using convex limiting and is tested on various benchmarks.
Generalised Pattern Search with Restarting Fitness Landscape Analysis
Authors: Neri Ferrante 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFitness landscape analysis for optimisation is a technique that involves analysing black-box optimisation problems to extract pieces of information about the problem, which can beneficially inform the design of the optimiser. Thus, the design of the algorithm aims to address the specific features detected during the analysis of the problem. Similarly, the designer aims to understand the behaviour of the algorithm, even though the problem is unknown and the optimisation is performed via a metaheuristic method. Thus, the algorithmic design made using fitness landscape analysis can be seen as an example of explainable AI in the optimisation domain. The present paper proposes a framework that performs fitness landscape analysis and designs a Pattern Search (PS) algorithm on the basis of the results of the analysis. The algorithm is implemented in a restarting fashion: at each restart, the fitness landscape analysis refines the analysis of the problem and updates the pattern matrix used by PS. A computationally efficient implementation is also presented in this study. Numerical results show that the proposed framework clearly outperforms standard PS and another PS implementation based on fitness landscape analysis. Furthermore, the two instances of the proposed framework considered in this study are competitive with popular algorithms present in the literature.
Improving antimicrobial prescribing for upper respiratory infections in the emergency department: Implementation of peer comparison with behavioral feedback
Authors: Jones George F. , Fabre Valeria , Hinson Jeremiah , Levin Scott , Toerper Matthew , Townsend Jennifer , Cosgrove Sara E. , Saheed Mustapha , Klein Eili Y. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) by employing peer comparison with behavioral feedback in the emergency department (ED).

Design:
A controlled before-and-after study.

Setting:
The study was conducted in 5 adult EDs at teaching and community hospitals in a health system.

Patients:
Adults presenting to the ED with a respiratory condition diagnosis code. Hospitalized patients and those with a diagnosis code for a non-respiratory condition for which antibiotics are or may be warranted were excluded.

Interventions:
After a baseline period from January 2016 to March 2018, 3 EDs implemented a feedback intervention with peer comparison between April 2018 and December 2019 for attending physicians. Also, 2 EDs in the health system served as controls. Using interrupted time series analysis, the inappropriate ARI prescribing rate was calculated as the proportion of antibiotic-inappropriate ARI encounters with a prescription. Prescribing rates were also evaluated for all ARIs. Attending physicians at intervention sites received biannual e-mails with their inappropriate prescribing rate and had access to a dashboard that was updated daily showing their performance relative to their peers.

Results:
Among 28,544 ARI encounters, the inappropriate prescribing rate remained stable at the control EDs between the 2 periods (23.0% and 23.8%). At the intervention sites, the inappropriate prescribing rate decreased significantly from 22.0% to 15.2%. Between periods, the overall ARI prescribing rate was 38.1% and 40.6% in the control group and 35.9% and 30.6% in the intervention group.

Conclusions:
Behavioral feedback with peer comparison can be implemented effectively in the ED to reduce inappropriate prescribing for ARIs.
Adiposity and insulin resistance mediate the inverse association between legume intake and blood pressure: a cross-sectional analysis in secondary cardiovascular prevention
Authors: de Almeida Alinne Paula , Juvanhol Leidjaira Lopes , Bersch-Ferreira Ângela Cristine , Torreglosa Camila Ragne , Marcadenti Aline , Weber Bernardete , Bressan Josefina , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the association between legume intake and blood pressure, as well as the mediating role of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients in secondary cardiovascular prevention. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, clinical and food intake data were collected from the baseline of the multicentre study Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial – BALANCE (RCT: NCT01620398). The relationships between variables were explored through path analysis. In total, 2247 individuals with a median age of 63·0 (45–91) years, 58·8 % (n1321) male and 96·5 % (n2168) with diagnosis of hypertension were included. Negative associations were observed between histidine intake and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (standardised coefficient (SC) = −0·057;P= 0·012) and between legume intake and BMI (SC = −0·061;P= 0·006). BMI was positively associated with triglycerides–glucose (TyG) index (SC = 0·173;P< 0·001), SBP (SC = 0·144;P< 0·001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SC = 0·177;P< 0·001), and TyG index was positively associated with DBP (SC = 0·079;P= 0·001). A negative indirect effect was observed between the intake of legumes, SBP and DBP, mediated by BMI (SC = −0·009;P= 0·011; SC = −0·011;P= 0·010, respectively). In addition, an indirect negative effect was found between the intake of legumes and the DBP, mediated simultaneously by BMI and TyG index (SC = −0·001;P= 0·037). In conclusion, legume intake presented a negative indirect association with blood pressure, mediated by insulin resistance (TyG) and adiposity (BMI) in individuals of secondary care in cardiology.
Penn State Summer Schools
Authors: Babu Gutti Jogesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntensive week-long Summer Schools in Statistics for Astronomers were initiated at Penn State in 2005 and have been continued annually. Due to their popularity and high demand, additional full summer schools have been organized in India, Brazil, Space Telescope Science Institute.The Summer Schools seek to give a broad exposure to fundamental concepts and a wide range of resulting methods across many fields of statistics. The Summer Schools in statistics and data analysis for young astronomers present concepts and methodologies with hands on tutorials using the data from astronomical surveys.
The AstroCamp Project
Authors: Martins Carlos J. A. P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis contribution describes the concept, main structure and goals, and some highlighted outcomes, of the AstroCamp—an international academic excellence program in the field of astronomy and physics created in 2012 and organized by Centro de Astrofsica da Universidade do Porto (CAUP) together with the Paredes de Coura municipality and several national and international partners.
Astronomy, an Amazing First Contact with Science for High School Students
Authors: Oliveira Vinicius de A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe contact with science is very important to the development of a conscious citizen, even if he, or she, never work with. Astronomy is an excellent way to do this approximation, simply because everyone can see the sky and has questions about it. This project aims to use observational night to discuss the classroom situations. We have made interventions in a rural local school in Caçapava do Sul (Brazil) during five years which we explain what we will see and, after that, we observe it. Since 2018, we have used the Caçapava do Sul Meteorite, that available a direct contact with a real space rock, when everyone can test the resistance and the weight of this meteorite. During this time it was almost 2 000 people has been attending by us and we noted that the students had increased their notion and comprehension about science in general.