bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative assessment of different versions of axial and centrifugal LVADs: A review
Authors: Kannojiya Vikas , Das Arup Kumar , Das Prasanta Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContinuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have gained tremendous acceptance for the treatment of end‐stage heart failure patients. Among different versions, axial flow and centrifugal flow LVADs have shown remarkable potential for clinical implants. It is also very crucial to know which device serves its purpose better to treat heart failure patients. A thorough comparison of axial and centrifugal LVADs, which may guide doctors in deciding before the implant, still lacks in the literature. In this work, an assessment of axial and centrifugal LVADs has been made to suggest a better device by comparing their engineering, clinical, and technological development of design aspects. Hydrodynamic and hemodynamic aspects for both types of pumps are discussed along with their biocompatibility, bearing types, and sizes. It has been observed numerically that centrifugal LVADs perform better over axial LVADs in every engineering aspect like higher hydraulic efficiency, better characteristics curve, lesser power intake, and also lesser blood damage. However, the clinical outcomes suggest that centrifugal LVADs experience higher events of infections, renal, and respiratory dysfunction. In contrast, axial LVADs encountered higher bleeding and cardiac arrhythmia. Moreover, recent technological developments suggested that magnetic type bearings along with biocompatible coating improve the life of LVADs.
Clinical outcomes of combined pars plana vitrectomy and scleral fixation of the intraocular lens with a suspension bridge method in eyes with aphakia or insufficient capsular support
Authors: Choi Hun Jin , Kwon Oh Woong , Byeon Suk Ho , Song Ji Hun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo describe a modified technique of scleral fixation for intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and report the clinical outcomes of combined pars plana vitrectomy and scleral IOL fixation using the suspension bridge method.MethodsThis retrospective case series included 57 eyes (56 patients) of aphakia or phakic and pseudophakic eyes with insufficient capsular support that underwent IOL implantation or dislocated IOL repositioning with scleral fixation using the ‘suspension bridge’ method by a single surgeon between 1 July 2010 and 1 March 2019. Preoperative status, changes in visual acuity, refractive outcomes as spherical equivalent and related complications were assessed with a minimum follow‐up of 3 months.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 25.5 ± 25.4 months. Preoperative visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was 1.32 ± 0.68 (20/400 Snellen), and it significantly improved to 0.80 ± 0.53 (20/125), 0.59 ± 0.56 (20/80) and 0.24 ± 0.37 (20/35) at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Postoperative complications included corneal wound dehiscence (n = 1), vitreous incarceration (n = 1), optic‐iris capture (n = 6) and cystoid macular oedema (n = 1). The above‐mentioned complications were successfully corrected with simple procedures. However, one case of IOL dislocation required reoperation.ConclusionThe modified technique of the suspension bridge method precludes the need for a scleral flap, with the advantage of easy adjustment of the IOL position. It is a simple and feasible technique with good surgical results and low complication rates.
Exposure sources, amounts and time course of gluten ingestion and excretion in patients with coeliac disease on a gluten‐free diet
Authors: Silvester Jocelyn A. , Comino Isabel , Rigaux Lisa N. , Segura Veronica , Green Kathy H. , Cebolla Angel , Weiten Dayna , Dominguez Remedios , Leffler Daniel A. , Leon Francisco , Bernstein Charles N. , Graff Lesley A. , Kelly Ciaran P. , Sousa Carolina , Duerksen Donald R. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackgroundA major deficit in understanding and improving treatment in coeliac disease (CD) is the lack of empiric data on real world gluten exposure.AimsTo estimate gluten exposure on a gluten‐free diet (GFD) using immunoassays for gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) and to examine relationships among GIP detection, symptoms and suspected gluten exposuresMethodsAdults with biopsy‐confirmed CD on a GFD for 24 months were recruited from a population‐based inception cohort. Participants kept a diary and collected urine samples for 10 days and stools on days 4‐10. ‘Doggie bags’ containing ¼ portions of foods consumed were saved during the first 7 days. Gluten in food, stool and urine was quantified using A1/G12 ELISA.ResultsEighteen participants with CD (12 female; age 21‐70 years) and three participants on a gluten‐containing diet enrolled and completed the study. Twelve out of 18 CD participants had a median 2.1 mg gluten per exposure (range 0.2 to >80 mg). Most exposures were asymptomatic and unsuspected. There was high intra‐individual variability in the interval between gluten ingestion and excretion. Participants were generally unable to identify the food.ConclusionsGluten exposure on a GFD is common, intermittent, and usually silent. Excretion kinetics are highly variable among individuals. The amount of gluten varied widely, but was typically in the milligram range, which was 10‐100 times less than consumed by those on an unrestricted diet. These findings suggest that a strict GFD is difficult to attain, and specific exposures are difficult to detect due to variable time course of excretion.
Implementing the formal language of the vegetation classification expert systems (ESy) in the statistical computing environment R
Authors: Bruelheide Helge , Tichý Lubomír , Chytrý Milan , Jansen Florian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsThe machine‐readable formal language of classification expert systems has become a standard for applying plot assignment rules in vegetation classification. Here we present an efficient algorithm implementing the vegetation classification expert system in the statistical programming language R.MethodsThe principal idea of the R implementation is to solve the assignments to vegetation types not sequentially plot by plot but to parse the assignment rules into (nested) components that each can be evaluated by simultaneous vector‐based processing of all plots in a database.Results and conclusionsWe demonstrate the algorithm taking the EUNIS classification expert system of European habitat types (EUNIS‐ESy) as an example. The R code version of the vegetation classification expert system is particularly useful in large vegetation‐plot databases because it solves all logical operations vector‐wise across all plots, allowing for efficient evaluation of membership expressions and formulas. Another advantage of the R implementation is that membership formulas are not only readable but can also be produced as a machine‐written result, for example as the output of classification algorithms run in R.
Domperidone and the risks of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Ou Linda B. , Moriello Carolina , Douros Antonios , Filion Kristian B. 
Published: January 2021

AimsConcerns exist regarding the cardiovascular safety of domperidone. However, many of the previous studies addressing this issue had important limitations. We aimed to examine domperidone and the risks of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies, including an in‐depth methodological assessment.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and CINAHL Plus to identify observational studies examining the association of domperidone and sudden cardiac death and/or ventricular arrhythmia. We assessed study quality in duplicate using the ROBINS‐I tool supplemented by an assessment of specific biases and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach. Data were pooled across studies using DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects models.ResultsSix case–control studies, 1 case‐crossover study and 1 retrospective cohort study were included (n = 480 395). Based on ROBINS‐I, 3 studies had moderate risk of bias, 4 had serious risk, and 1 had critical risk. The overall GRADE rating is moderate. When data were pooled across nonoverlapping studies, domperidone was associated with an increased risk of composite endpoint of sudden cardiac death or ventricular arrhythmia compared to nonuse (adjusted odds ratio: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.46, 1.95; I2: 0%; τ2: 0). This association persisted when restricted to higher‐quality studies (odds ratio: 1.60; 95% confidence interval: 1.30, 1.97; I2: 0%; τ2: 0).ConclusionDomperidone is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia compared to nonuse. Further investigation comparing domperidone to an active comparator and in younger populations are warranted.
Development and preliminary evaluation of the interpersonal problem‐solving inventory for elementary school students
Authors: Nguyen Cong Khanh , Nguyen My Linh Thi , Tran Ha Thi , Nguyen Tam An Nu 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundSeveral inventories have been developed to assess social problem‐solving. However, these instruments originally developed for adult or adolescence and do not capture the full range of main interpersonal relationships over which elementary students resolve daily life interpersonal problems and apply elementary‐age typical responses. Therefore, the development of a valid scale to measure interpersonal problem‐solving ability in elementary school students is warranted.AimsThis study aimed to develop and perform a preliminary psychometric evaluation of an interpersonal problem‐solving inventory for elementary school students (IPSIE).Samples and MethodsThe IPSIE was administered to elementary student samples that consist of 516 Vietnamese elementary school students in grades 3–5. This study examined the reliabilities of International problem behaviour (IPB) and interpersonal problem‐solving inventory (IPSI) as well as the construct validity of IPSI. The construct validity of IPSI was investigated by using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to explore the emerging factor structure of the data. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was utilized to fit the data.ResultsThe reliabilities of IPB and IPSI were assessed by calculating internal consistencies (Cronbach’s α = 0.79 vs. 0.90, McDonald's ω = 0.79 vs. 0.82). The EFA results suggested that the IPSI has two‐factor structure. The CFA was reexamined to define theory‐driven five‐factor structure of the IPSI’s data. The CFA findings indicated that the scores of IPSI have the five‐factor structure as expected with acceptable global fit indices (CFI: 0.943, TLI: 0.939, RMSEA: 0.030, and RMR: 0.046). The concurrent validity of IPSI was tested by calculating correlations between the IPSI and SPSI‐R scores (r = .667) and the IPSI and SPSTE‐A scores (r = .482).ConclusionsThese finding figures suggest that overall the scales of IPSIE are well‐functioning measures with good psychometric properties. Caution and limitations of IPSIE are discussed. Future study and possible applicability are suggested.
Are current elicitation techniques for barriers and enablers confounded with motivation? How natural language may hinder theory‐guided research
Authors: Branscum Paul W. , Williams David M. , Rhodes Ryan E. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare standard elicitation techniques for barriers and enablers for physical activity and sleep behaviours, to an alternative approach whereby participants were told to only consider the literal meanings of the words prevent/enable.DesignRandomized controlled design.MethodsCollege students were randomized to either a standard methods group (n = 177) (what prevents you from doing behaviour X) or a vignette group (n = 176) to encourage them to think of the literal meaning of the words prevent/enable. Responses were then codified by two blinded researchers.ResultsStudents reported significantly different types of control beliefs between groups. Those in the standard group reported significantly more overall beliefs (p’s < .05, except sleep/enable), suggesting poorer discrimination in interpreting what was meant by ‘prevent’ and ‘enable’.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates when self‐efficacy‐related control beliefs are elicited, natural language words such as ‘prevent’ and ‘enable’ have the potential to confuse people about the intent of the question.
Evolution and patterning of the ovule in seed plants
Authors: Rudall Paula J. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe ovule and its developmental successor, the seed, together represent a highly characteristic feature of seed plants that has strongly enhanced the reproductive and dispersal potential of this diverse group of taxa. Ovules encompass multiple tissues that perform various roles within a highly constrained space, requiring a complex cascade of genes that generate localized cell proliferation and programmed cell death during different developmental stages. Many heritable morphological differences among lineages reflect relative displacement of these tissues, but others, such as the second (outer) integuments of angiosperms and Gnetales, represent novel and apparently profound and independent innovations. Recent studies, mostly on model taxa, have considerably enhanced our understanding of gene expression in the ovule. However, understanding its evolutionary history requires a comparative and phylogenetic approach that is problematic when comparing extant angiosperms not only with phylogenetically distant extant gymnosperms but also with taxa known only from fossils. This paper reviews ovule characters across a phylogenetically broad range of seed plants in a dynamic developmental context. It discusses both well‐established and recent theories of ovule and seed evolution and highlights potential gaps in comparative data that will usefully enhance our understanding of evolutionary transitions and developmental mechanisms.
Adolescent Acne and Disparities in Mental Health
Authors: Natsuaki Misaki N. , Yates Tuppett M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcne is a hallmark of adolescence, affecting 85% of youth between the ages of 12 and 25 worldwide. Perhaps because of its ubiquity and minimal impact on physical functioning, acne is often dismissed as a time‐delimited cosmetic nuisance and has been summarily neglected by developmental scientists. However, emerging evidence suggests that acne is associated with clinically significant psychological adjustment problems, including depression and anxiety. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach that bridges developmental and dermatological science, we reposition acne as a prominent source of psychological maladjustment and health disparities in adolescence. Specifically, we propose that females and youth with darker skin may be disproportionately affected by the pernicious psychological effects of acne. Reconceptualizing adolescent acne as a developmentally and psychologically meaningful dermatologic disease with effects shaped by culture and health care disparities will advance our understanding of youth’s mental health.
Tolerance, Dissenting Beliefs, and Cultural Diversity
Authors: Verkuyten Maykel , Killen Melanie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDivergent cultural, religious, and ideological beliefs and practices are often challenging to contemplate and difficult to accept when they conflict with an individual’s own convictions and way of life. The recognition that children and adolescents grow up in an increasingly diverse world has led to a general interest in fostering tolerance. In this article, we discuss three central questions on tolerance and related research. First, we consider age‐related patterns of responses toward tolerance of diversity and whether they depend on the type of dissenting beliefs and practices children are asked to tolerate. Second, we focus on how and why children are asked to be tolerant. Third, we discuss the boundaries of tolerance—the reasons and conditions that make tolerance less likely. Overall, we conclude that tolerance and intolerance can occur at all ages and depend on what, how, why, and when individuals are asked to tolerate belief discrepancy and dissenting practices.
Interpersonal Neural Synchrony During Father–Child Problem Solving: An fNIRS Hyperscanning Study
Authors: Nguyen Trinh , Schleihauf Hanna , Kungl Melanie , Kayhan Ezgi , Hoehl Stefanie , Vrtička Pascal 
Published: January 2021

Interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) has been previously evidenced in mother–child interactions, yet findings concerning father–child interaction are wanting. The current experiment examined whether fathers and their 5‐ to 6‐year‐old children (N = 66) synchronize their brain activity during a naturalistic interaction, and addressed paternal and child factors related to INS. Compared to individual problem solving and rest, father–child dyads showed increased INS in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left temporo‐parietal junction during cooperative problem solving. Furthermore, the father’s attitude toward his role as a parent was positively related to INS during the cooperation condition. These results highlight the implication of the father’s attitude to parenting in INS processes for the first time.
Recommendations for the management of childhood juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐type chronic anterior uveitis
Authors: Smith Justine R. , Matthews Janet M. , Conrad Diana , Hall Anthony J. , Niederer Rachael L. , Singh‐Grewal Davinder , Tay‐Kearney Mei‐Ling , Wells Jane M. , Zagora Sophia L. ,   Australian and New Zealand Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis‐Uveitis Working Group, McCluskey Peter J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImportanceAustralian‐ and New Zealand‐based, uveitis‐specialized ophthalmologists have produced recommendations for the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)‐type chronic anterior uveitis.BackgroundHistorically, the visual prognosis of JIA‐type chronic anterior uveitis has been poor. New medical advances are likely to improve outcomes, but recently published guidelines are tailored for ophthalmic care in Europe and the United States.DesignThis work involved a consensus survey and a panel meeting.ParticipantsThe Australian and New Zealand JIA‐Uveitis Working Group (29 ophthalmologists) participated in the work.MethodsThe Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus.Main Outcome MeasuresThis work yielded consensus statements.ResultsThe Working Group achieved consensus around 18 statements related to clinical evaluation, use of topical and regional corticosteroids, use of systemic corticosteroid and non‐corticosteroid immunomodulatory drugs, and management of secondary cataract and glaucoma in childhood JIA‐type uveitis.Conclusions and RelevanceRecommendations of the Australian and New Zealand JIA‐Uveitis Working Group provide current and regionally applicable advice for managing chronic anterior uveitis in children with JIA.
Adding evidence to the role of NEUROG1 in congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders
Authors: Dupont Juliette , Vieira José Pedro , Tavares Ana Lisa Taylor , Conceição Carla Ribeiro , Khan Suliman , Bertoli‐Avella Aida Maria , Sousa Ana Berta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCongenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental phenotypes caused by a primary disturbance of innervation due to deficient, absent, or misguided cranial nerves. Although some CCDDs genes are known, several clinical phenotypes and their aetiologies remain to be elucidated. We describe a 12‐year‐old boy with hypotonia, developmental delay, sensorineural hearing loss, and keratoconjunctivitis due to lack of corneal reflex. He had a long expressionless face, severe oromotor dysfunction, bilateral agenesis/severe hypoplasia of the VIII nerve with marked atresia of the internal auditory canals and cochlear labyrinth malformation. Trio‐exome sequencing identified a homozygous loss of function variant in the NEUROG1 gene (NM_006161.2: c.202G > T, p.Glu68*). NEUROG1 is considered a causal candidate for CCDDs based on (i) the previous report of a patient with a homozygous gene deletion and developmental delay, deafness due to absent bilateral VIII nerves, and severe oromotor dysfunction; (ii) a second patient with a homozygous NEUROG1 missense variant and corneal opacity, absent corneal reflex and intellectual disability; and (iii) the knockout mouse model phenotype which highly resembles the disorder observed in humans. Our findings support the growing compelling evidence that loss of NEUROG1 leads to a very distinctive disorder of cranial nerves development.
Early genetic screening uncovered a high prevalence of thalassemia among 18 309 neonates in Guizhou, China
Authors: Tan Mei , Bai Yue , Zhang Xiangmei , Sun Jian , Huang Chengshuang , Tian Runmei , Yang Yuhang , Luo Xi , Su Qiong , Wu Liusong , Zheng Libo , Xia Jing , Murong Hongmei , Zhu Ping , Yang Fan , Zhong Xiaosong , Chen Jindong , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThalassemia is a common monogenic disease in southwestern China, especially in Guizhou province. In this study, 18 309 neonates were examined for thalassemia. The thalassemia carrier rate was 12.90%, which is associated with geographical regions, with carrier frequencies significantly differing between regions (p < 0.0001). The carrier rates for α‐thalassemia and β‐thalassemia were 8.91% and 3.36%, respectively. There are 22 genotypes identified among 1632 α‐thalassemia cases, and 18 genotypes detected among 615 β‐thalassemia cases. The birthrates of individuals with intermediate thalassemia and β‐thalassemia major were 0.153% and 0.055%, respectively. Methodologically, NGS‐Gap‐PCR is superior to traditional detection methods, with 65 more cases detected by NGS‐Gap‐PCR. Since thalassemia‐rich genotypes were highly prevalent in this region, early detection of thalassemia carriers would be meaningful for genetic counseling and prevention/treatment of thalassemia. NGS‐Gap‐PCR provides a powerful tool for neonate genetic testing and clinical diagnosis of thalassemia, especially in high‐prevalence regions.