bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping With Tinnitus During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Beukes Eldré W. , Onozuka Joy , Brazell Torryn P. , Manchaiah Vinaya 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted normal operations of health care services, broad sectors of the economy, and the ability to socialize freely. For those with tinnitus, such changes can be factors in exacerbating tinnitus. The purpose of this study was to determine tinnitus help-seeking behavior, which resources individuals utilized to cope during the pandemic, and what additional support is desired.

Method
An exploratory cross-sectional study design including 1,522 adults with tinnitus living in North America (Canada and the United States) was used. Data were collected through an online survey distributed by the American Tinnitus Association via e-mail. Free text from open-ended questions was analyzed using the automated content analysis. The responses to the structured questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and nonparametric statistics.

Results
Significantly less tinnitus support was sought during the pandemic, and very few respondents utilized tinnitus support networks during the pandemic at the time the survey was conducted. Nonetheless, seeking support during the pandemic was significantly associated with significantly less tinnitus distress. The most frequently utilized resources for coping during the pandemic were contacting family and friends, spending time outdoors or in nature, relaxation, and exercise. Such tools for coping were associated with significantly less tinnitus distress. The support requested and advice provided by participants to health care services had overlap. The main support needs related to managing tinnitus included addressing hearing loss, providing peer support, finding cures, and accessing trained and understanding health care providers to help. The advice for professionals related to tinnitus management included the need for cures, personalized support, addressing hearing loss, targeting the tinnitus percept, and providing more information about the condition.

Conclusions
These findings provide suggestions on how to better support those with tinnitus at a time when health care is undergoing rapid changes. Findings can be used by stakeholders, clinical practitioners, and tinnitus support services to devise ways to work more effectively together to improve access to patient-driven, suitable, accessible, and evidence-based support.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14558514
Allergiebehandlung in der TCVM
Authors: Eul-Matern Christina 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie traditionelle chinesische Medizin (TCM) betrachtet und behandelt Zustände wie allergische Reaktionen nicht auf der Oberfläche der äußeren Zeichen wie Juckreiz, Schwellung, Rötung, sondern interpretiert körperliche Reaktionen im Außen als Zeichen tiefer liegender Schwächung des Systems wegen anhaltender Reizung durch einen pathogenen Restfaktor. Laut Kapitel 63 des Ni Jing Su Wen werden die Hauptleitbahnen durch Sonderleitbahnen enger verknüpft, sodass eine stabile Innen-Außen-Beziehung besteht. Außerdem bringen sie das Qi und Blut aller Meridiane bis zum Gesicht und Kopf. Sie transportieren Wei Qi und Yuan Qi. Über sie können exogene pathogene Faktoren nach innen und außen gelangen. Ihre Aufgabe ist der Schutz der tiefer liegenden Organe (Zang Fu) und der Hauptmeridiane. Insbesondere werden sie aktiv, wenn das Yuan Qi nicht jahreszeitlich angepasst reagieren kann und allergische Reaktionen auftreten. Durch spezielle Akupunkturkonzepte ist es möglich, den jeweiligen
pathogenen Restfaktor über die betroffene Sonderleitbahn auszuleiten und den Organismus zu entlasten.
Prostatabiopsie 2021 – Was ist aktuell?
Authors: Wagenlehner Florian , Bonkat Gernot , Pilatz Adrian 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungInfektionskomplikationen nach Prostatabiopsie nehmen zu aufgrund zunehmender Antibiotikaresistenz insbesondere gegenüber Fluorchinolonen. Fluorchinolone sind als perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe in Deutschland durch das Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) nicht mehr zugelassen. Die Leitliniengruppe Urologische Infektionen der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Urologie (EAU) hat kürzlich eine Meta-Analyse in zwei Teilen auf der Basis randomisiert kontrollierter Studien (RCTs) veröffentlicht. Die transperineale Prostatabiopsie ist mit signifikant weniger Infektionskomplikationen assoziiert als die transrektale Biopsie und sollte deswegen bevorzugt werden. Sollte dennoch eine transrektale Biopsie durchgeführt werden, sind eine intrarektale Reinigung mit Povidon-Jod sowie eine antibiotische Prophylaxe ohne Fluorchinolone zu verwenden. Als antibiotische Prophylaxestrategien kommen die zielgerichtete Prophylaxe nach Empfindlichkeitstestung der Enddarmflora, die augmentierte Prophylaxe mit mehreren Antibiotika und die empirische Mono-Prophylaxe mit Nicht-Fluorchinolonen in Frage. Daten aus RCTs liegen hier für Aminoglykoside, 3. Generationscephalosporine und Fosfomycin trometamol vor.
The Effect of Dialectic Behavioral Counseling on Depression, Anxiety, and Postpartum Hematocrit Level
Authors: Amiri Nasrin Pour , Ahmadi Atefeh , Mirzaee Firoozeh , Mirzai Moghadameh , Shahrokhi Nader 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective Childbirth is a biological, psychological, and sociological event that can be a positive or negative experience, and, without support, this period may be potentially damaging. Parturition may distort maternal emotions and lead to short- or long-term disorders such as postpartum depression and anxiety. The present research aims to study the effects of dialectic behavioral therapy-based counseling on depression, anxiety symptoms, and postpartum hematocrit level.
Methods The current research is a clinical trial study, and the sample was selected using parturients who were referred to the Health General Center with a diagnosis of postpartum depression and anxiety. The sample size consisted of 116 subjects who agreed to participate in the study. The patients in intervention group underwent group dialectic behavioral counseling (10 sessions/one session per week) and the control group did not receive any type of intervention. The patients were assessed in the first and last sessions as well as 2 months after the end of the sessions, using the Beck depression scale and Spielberg anxiety scale as well as the results of hematocrit tests. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)
Results The results implied the effectiveness of dialectic behavioral therapy on reduction of the depression score, anxiety symptoms (p-value ≤ 0.0001), and hematocrit level (p-value = 0.04). The participants' depression, anxiety, and hematocrit levels decreased in the experiment group compared to the control group, and this decrease has remained until the 2-month follow-up.
Conclusion It seems that dialectic behavioral counseling reduces the levels of postpartum depression, anxiety, and hematocrits.
State policies and upgrading in global value chains: A systematic literature review
Authors: De Marchi Valentina , Alford Matthew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the role of state policymaking in a context of global value chains (GVCs). While the literature acknowledges that states matter in GVCs, there is little understanding of how they matter from a policy perspective. We address this tension between theory and practice by first delineating the state’s facilitator, regulator, producer and buyer roles. We then explore the extent to which corresponding state policies enable or constrain the following policy objectives: GVC participation; value capture; and social and environmental upgrading. We do so via a systematic review of academic GVC literature, combined with analysis of seminal policy publications by International Organizations. Our findings indicate that state policymakers leverage facilitative strategies to achieve GVC participation and enhanced value capture; with regulatory and public procurement mechanisms adopted to address social and environmental goals. Mixed results also emerged, highlighting tensions between policies geared towards economic upgrading on the one hand, and social and environmental upgrading on the other. Finally, we suggest that effective state policies require a multi-scalar appreciation of GVC dynamics, working with multiple and sometimes competing stakeholders to achieve their developmental objectives.
Sponges, cnidarians, nematodes and minor animal phyla.
Authors: Rees Paul A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

This chapter contains questions on the classification, characteristics and anatomy of the Porifera, Cnidaria, Nematoda and a number of minor zoological phyla represented by relatively small numbers of species. The questions are divided into three levels, i.e. foundation, intermediate, and advanced. Knowledge of basic facts are dealt with at the foundation level while the intermediate level and advanced levels contain questions involving more obscure facts and concepts.
Repeated remote ischaemic preconditioning can prevent acute mountain sickness after rapid ascent to a high altitude
Authors: Wang Zhen , Lv Bo , Zhang Lin , Gao Ran , Zhao Wenbo , Wang Lin , Min Zhaojun , Mi Zhen , Song Yang , Zhang Jing , Yu Yabin , Ji Xunming , Li Junjie , Wu Liyong 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study assessed the effectiveness of 4 different repeated remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) protocols varying in duration and frequency for preventing acute mountain sickness (AMS) after rapid ascent to high altitude.MethodsIn a randomized but not blinded design, participants were assigned to receive either of the four RIPC treatments at low altitude (Group A, once daily for 1 week; Group B, twice daily for 1 week; Group C, once daily for 4 weeks; and Group D, twice daily for 4 weeks) or control (no specific sham treatment). Participants were then flown to a high altitude (3650 m). The primary outcome was the incidence and severity of AMS evaluated by the Lake Louise score (LLS) after arrival; vital signs were collected simultaneously.ResultsA total of 250 participants (50 per group; mean age 38.56 ± 0.76 years) were included. The overall AMS incidence was 26.4%. A total of 20 AMS cases (40%) occurred in the control group, 15 cases (30%) both in the RIPC A and RIPC B groups (RR 1.3; 95%CI 0.8‐2.3; χ2 = 1.099; p = 0.29), and 8 cases (16%) both in the RIPC C and D groups (RR 2.5; 95%CI 1.2 ‐ 5.2; χ2 = 7.143, p < 0.01), with significantly lower LLSs in the RIPC C and D groups (F = 6.51, p < 0.001). The scores of gastrointestinal symptoms (F = 7.42, p < 0.001) and dizziness (F = 9.82, p < 0.001) but not headache (F = 0.60, p > 0.05) were lower in the RIPC groups compared to control. The blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2) decreased less in the RIPC B, C and D groups compared to control after arrival at a high altitude (F = 11.42, p < 0.001). The number of RIPC treatments received was moderately correlated with SpO2 (R = 0.38, p < 0.001), and SpO2 was moderately inversely correlated with the LLS (R = –0.48, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that a four‐week RIPC intervention but not a one‐week regimen reduced AMS incidence and severity; however, a placebo effect might have contributed to these results.
Reconstruction of sources from time domain scattered waves at sparse sensors
Authors: Ji Xia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider the source reconstruction from the time domain scattered waves at sparse sensors. We show that the smallest annular hull containing the unknown source can be uniquely determined by the scattered field at a fixed sensor. In particular, if the wave-form is a delta distribution, the concentric spheres passing through the point sources can be uniquely determined by the scattered field at the fixed sensor. We further show that both the locations and strengths of the point sources can be uniquely determined by the scattered field at finitely many properly chosen sensors. The uniqueness of an extended source has also be established. Motivated by the analysis, we introduce two numerical schemes, which can not only identify point sources but also reconstruct the support of an extended source. Both the theoretical results and the proposed numerical methods are then verified by the numerical examples. An extension of the results to the inverse scattering of point sources by point like scatterers is briefly sketched.
Pressure-sensitive paint measurements with temperature correction on the wing of AGARD-B under transonic flow conditions
Authors: Huang Chih-Yung , Lin Yun-Fang , Huang Yi-Xuan , Chung Kung-Ming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study experimentally examined the flow phenomena and pressure distribution on the wing of Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development Model B (AGARD-B) at a Mach number of 0.83. For simultaneous pressure and temperature measurement, a mesoporous pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) sensor was applied to one of the wings of AGARD-B at an angle of attack (AOA) of 0°–8° and a temperature-sensitive paint sensor was applied to the other wing. The collected temperature data were used for pixel-by-pixel temperature correction in a PSP experiment. The pressure distribution obtained on the AGARD-B wing through the PSP experiment with temperature correction agreed well with that obtained through computational flow dynamics (CFD) simulation and accurately indicated the low-pressure regions introduced by the vortex generated from the leading edge at an AOA larger than 4°. The lift coefficient calculated using the PSP data agreed well with that calculated using CFD.
Synthesis and electrochemical performance of hollow-structured NiO + Ni nanofibers wrapped by graphene as anodes for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Yuan Baige , Li Jun , Xia Manman , Zhang Ying , Lei Ruyan , Zhao Peng , Li Xiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHollow-structured NiO + Ni nanofibers wrapped by graphene were designed and successfully fabricated via a simple method. First, solid NiO + Ni nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning followed by calcination. Here, a portion of the metallic Ni was retained to improve the electrochemical performance of NiO by adjusting the calcination temperature. Next, the nanofibers were thoroughly mixed with different amounts of graphene and calcinated once more to form hollow-structured NiO + Ni nanofibers with an extremely high specific surface via the reaction between graphene and NiO on the nanofiber surface and subsequent migration of NiO into the nanofibers. Results showed that the obtained hollow-structured NiO + Ni electrode demonstrates optimal electrochemical performance when the graphene content is controlled to 3 wt%. The first cycle discharge/charge specific capacity of the electrode peaked (1596/1181 mAh · g−1) at 100 mA · g−1, with a coulombic efficiency of approximately 74% (60% for 0 wt% graphene, 65% for 1 wt% graphene, and 51% for 4 wt% graphene). It also presented excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles at 100 mA · g−1on account of its high retained discharge specific capacity (251 mAh · g−1for 0 wt% graphene, 385 mAh · g−1for 1 wt% graphene, 741 mAh · g−1for 3 wt% graphene, and 367 mAh · g−1for 4 wt% graphene). Moreover, the synthesized electrode possessed outstanding rate capability owing to its large average discharge specific capacity of approximately 546 mAh · g−1(45 mAh · g−1for 0 wt% graphene, 256 mAh · g−1for 1 wt% graphene, and 174 mAh · g−1for 4 wt% graphene) from 100 mA · g−1to 2000 mA · g−1. The observed improvement in electrochemical performance could be attributed to the increase in active sites and decrease in charge transport distance in the hollow-structured NiO + Ni nanofibers. Excessive introduction of graphene caused a sharp loss in electrochemical performance due to the agglomeration of graphene sheets on the nanofiber surfaces.
Local well-posedness of the compressible FENE dumbbell model of Warner type
Authors: Breit Dominic , Mensah Prince Romeo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider a dilute suspension of dumbbells joined by a finitely extendible nonlinear elastic connector evolving under the classical Warner potential

U

(

s

)

=
−

b

2

log

(

1
−

2
s

b

)

,

s
∈

[

0
,

b

2

)

. The solvent under consideration is modelled by the compressible Navier–Stokes system defined on the torus

T

d

with d = 2, 3 coupled with the Fokker–Planck equation (Kolmogorov forward equation) for the probability density function of the dumbbell configuration. We prove the existence of a unique local-in-time solution to the coupled system where this solution is smooth in the spacetime variables and interpreted weakly in the elongation variable. Our result holds true independently of whether or not the centre-of-mass diffusion term is incorporated in the Fokker–Planck equation.
Extreme first passage times of piecewise deterministic Markov processes
Authors: Lawley Sean D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The time it takes the fastest searcher out of N ≫ 1 searchers to find a target determines the timescale of many physical, chemical, and biological processes. This time is called an extreme first passage time (FPT) and is typically much faster than the FPT of a single searcher. Extreme FPTs of diffusion have been studied for decades, but little is known for other types of stochastic processes. In this paper, we study the distribution of extreme FPTs of piecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMPs). PDMPs are a broad class of stochastic processes that evolve deterministically between random events. Using classical extreme value theory, we prove general theorems which yield the distribution and moments of extreme FPTs in the limit of many searchers based on the short time distribution of the FPT of a single searcher. We then apply these theorems to some canonical PDMPs, including run and tumble searchers in one, two, and three space dimensions. We discuss our results in the context of some biological systems and show how our approach accounts for an unphysical property of diffusion which can be problematic for extreme statistics.
Linear encoding of the spatiotemporal cat
Authors: Gutkin B , Cvitanović P , Jafari R , Saremi A K , Han L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of an extended, spatiotemporally chaotic system might appear extremely complex. Nevertheless, the local dynamics, observed through a finite spatiotemporal window, can often be thought of as a visitation sequence of a finite repertoire of finite patterns. To make statistical predictions about the system, one needs to know how often a given pattern occurs. Here we address this fundamental question within a spatiotemporal cat, a one-dimensional spatial lattice of coupled cat maps evolving in time. In spatiotemporal cat, any spatiotemporal state is labeled by a unique two-dimensional lattice of symbols from a finite alphabet, with the lattice states and their symbolic representation related linearly (hence ‘linear encoding’). We show that the state of the system over a finite spatiotemporal domain can be described with exponentially increasing precision by a finite pattern of symbols, and we provide a systematic, lattice Green’s function methodology to calculate the frequency (i.e., the measure) of such states.
Hénon–Devaney like maps
Authors: Leal Bladismir , Muñoz Sergio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We prove a general theorem characterizing the transitivity of homeomorphisms with singularities in the plane. We provide examples where this theorem applies including the classical Hénon–Devaney map (1981 Commun. Math. Phys.
80 465–476). We also prove some results about the plane homeomorphisms satisfying the hypothesis of our theorem namely the Hénon–Devaney like maps. Indeed, we show that the maximal invariant set of a Hénon–Devaney like map is topologically conjugated to a shift map. Furthermore, every Hénon–Devaney like map is fixed point free with dense periodic orbits. This generalizes some constructions by Devaney (1981 Commun. Math. Phys.
80 465–476) and Lenarduzzi (2015 Discrete Continuous Dyn. Syst.
35 1163–1177).
Algebro-geometric integration of the Q1 lattice equation via nonlinear integrable symplectic maps
Authors: Xu Xiaoxue , Cao Cewen , Nijhoff Frank W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Q1 lattice equation, a member in the Adler–Bobenko–Suris list of 3D consistent lattices, is investigated. By using the multidimensional consistency, a novel Lax pair for Q1 equation is given, which can be nonlinearized to produce integrable symplectic maps. Consequently, a Riemann theta function expression for the discrete potential is derived with the help of the Baker–Akhiezer functions. This expression leads to the algebro-geometric integration of the Q1 lattice equation, based on the commutativity of discrete phase flows generated from the iteration of integrable symplectic maps.
Partial regularity of a nematic liquid crystal model with kinematic transport effects
Authors: Du Hengrong , Wang Changyou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we will establish the global existence of a suitable weak solution to the Erickson–Leslie system modelling hydrodynamics of nematic liquid crystal flows with kinematic transports for molecules of various shapes in

R

3

, which is smooth away from a closed set of (parabolic) Hausdorff dimension at most

15

7

.
Area convergence of Voronoi cells on spiral lattices
Authors: Yamagishi Yoshikazu , Sushida Takamichi , Sadoc Jean-François 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An Archimedean spiral lattice with a radial distance exponent α, is locally approximated by linear lattices. If the angle parameter is badly approximable, the area of the Voronoi cell converges if it is properly normalized with α.
On Hölder solutions to the spiral winding problem
Authors: Fraser Jonathan M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The winding problem concerns understanding the regularity of functions which map a line segment onto a spiral. This problem has relevance in fluid dynamics and conformal welding theory, where spirals arise naturally. Here we interpret ‘regularity’ in terms of Hölder exponents and establish sharp results for spirals with polynomial winding rates, observing that the sharp Hölder exponent of the forward map and its inverse satisfy a formula reminiscent of Sobolev conjugates. We also investigate the dimension theory of these spirals, in particular, the Assouad dimension, Assouad spectrum and box dimensions. The aim here is to compare the bounds on the Hölder exponents in the winding problem coming directly from knowledge of dimension (and how dimension distorts under Hölder image) with the sharp results. We find that the Assouad spectrum provides the best information, but that even this is not sharp. We also find that the Assouad spectrum is the only ‘dimension’ which distinguishes between spirals with different polynomial winding rates in the superlinear regime.