bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital‐at‐home for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: Will it be an effective readmission avoidance model?
Authors: Kaymaz Dicle , Candemir İpek , Ergün Pınar , Demir Pervin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesHospital‐at‐home (HAH), a pioneering health care model, is an accepted alternative to hospital treatment for patients with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of HAH for patients with COPD exacerbations.MethodsTwo hundred six patients with COPD exacerbations who were admitted to our emergency room (ER) received the HAH model between January 2008 and March 2010. The number of patient’s hospitalization, admission to emergency room, unscheduled outpatient attendance, and the length of stay in hospital (day) were recorded before and after a one‐year period of HAH.ResultsAfter a one‐year follow‐up period of the HAH program, the number of patient who had hospitalization, admission to ER, unscheduled outpatient attendance rates was decreased 41.3%, 54.4%, 49.5% respectively. The decreases for all parameters were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). Additionally the total number of length of stay in hospital (day) after a one‐year period after HAH was decreased (46.5%).ConclusionIntegrated care services, including home care units where HAH models are performed, are necessary to improve the health of patients with COPD, as well as to better manage their condition in terms of disease burden. Physicians should consider this form of management, especially because there is increasing pressure on inpatient bed requirement in Turkey.
Improvement of cognitive function, glucose and lipid homeostasis and serum osteocalcin levels by liraglutide in diabetic rats
Authors: Sedky Amina Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGlucose and lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress (OXS) and reduced brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are involved in cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptors modulate glucose and lipid metabolism, cognitive function and serum osteocalcin. On the other hand, osteocalcin modulates cognitive function and glucose and lipid metabolism. This study investigated whether the GLP 1 agonist liraglutide improves cognitive function via modulation of serum osteocalcin and glucose and lipid metabolism.MethodsEffects of 4 weeks liraglutide treatment (100 µg/Kg/d and 300 µg/Kg/d) on changes in cognitive function and bone homeostasis, induced by high fat diet/low‐dose streptozotocin (HFD‐STZ), were determined in rats. Cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) test. Serum and bone biochemical parameters were determined.ResultsLiraglutide dose‐dependently improved cognitive function in diabetic rats (reduced escape latency, and increased time spent in target quadrant in MWM test, compared to diabetic control). Glucose and lipid abnormalities and the associated changes in serum BDNF and oxidative stress makers were improved. Serum BDNF and glutathione were significantly increased, whereas malondialdehyde level was reduced. Serum osteocalcin was significantly increased and correlated with improvement in cognitive dysfunction. Serum and bone receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin ratios were significantly reduced by liraglutide treatment.ConclusionImprovement of cognitive dysfunction by liraglutide involves modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and serum osteocalcin. GLP1 agonists may provide an alternative metabolic approach for cognitive dysfunction in diabetes.
A new method for determining the accurate J‐R curves of steels
Authors: Gao Hui , Li Chun‐Qing , Wang Weigang , Wang Yanlin , Zhang Bohua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnloading compliance (UC) method and normalization method (NM) are two of the most commonly used methods for determining the fracture toughness of materials. However, considerable differences often exist in the fracture toughness determined by these two methods, which solicits a new method to determine the fracture toughness accurately. In this paper, the compliance of crack length differences is discovered, analyzed, and verified by experiments. Based on this compliance, a new accurate method, known as the accurate J‐R curve method (AJR), is developed and verified by test results. It is found that the J‐R curves determined by the new AJR method are more accurate than those determined by UC and NM. The developed new AJR method and the results presented in this paper can assist engineers and researchers to determine J‐R curves and fracture toughness of steels more accurately and can contribute to the body of knowledge of fracture mechanics.
VICO'S NEW SCIENCE AND A NEW POETIC PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Authors: Luft Sandra Rudnick 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis review essay discusses Giambattista Vico and the New Psychological Science, which contains seven essays that challenge traditional anthropological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions that define psychology as a social science and instead interpret it as an embodied understanding of human cultural activity. The authors use Vico's New Science to support this endeavor because, they suggest, it traces the creation of human existence from a prehuman animal state with the agency of poiesis, an embodied meta‐phoric language and social practices that are inseparable from that language. This effort is a potentially transformative reinterpretation of Vico, whose verum factum principle scholars interpret as challenging Cartesian epistemology. Identifying the true with the made, Vico's principle limits human knowing to what humans make—that is, their historical world. The authors rightly emphasize the embodied nature of making with poetic language and social practices. However, they undermine the significance of that embodiment by assuming that knowing what is made with poiesis is, like traditional understandings of knowledge, epistemic. Thus, they implicitly retain humanism's metaphysical assumption that grounds epistemology: humans know intelligible reality because they are dualistic beings who possess rational, subjective natures. By contrast, I claim that Vico's poetic humanism is a more radical move from traditional humanism's belief in epistemology toward a culturally active anthropology. For Vico, bodily skills of perception, memory, and imagination create a metaphoric language based on random perceptions, images, and sounds. This metaphoric language is inseparable from social practices and physical skills, creating a meaningful human world. The making achieved by embodied poetic language cannot lead to epistemic knowledge; it can only lead to the self‐referential hermeneutic understanding that humans are the creators of their human existence. Vico's verum factum is not an epistemological principle in the Cartesian tradition but an ontological unity of knowing and making through sociophysical skills that are inseparable from poetic language. Humans make their ontologically real, meaningful human world and know themselves as its creators.
The association of the steatosis severity, NAFLD fibrosis score and FIB‐4 index with atherogenic dyslipidaemia in adult patients with NAFLD: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tutunchi Helda , Naeini Fatemeh , Ebrahimi‐mameghani Mehrangiz , Mobasseri Majid , Naghshi Sina , Ostadrahimi Alireza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesObesity and dyslipidaemia are the major risk factors for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and are known to increase cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death in NAFLD patients. The present cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate associations among severity of hepatic steatosis, NAFLD fibrosis score and atherogenic lipid profile.MethodsA total of 265 patients with NAFLD confirmed by ultrasonographic findings were included. The NAFLD fibrosis score and the fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index were used to classify the probability of fibrosis as low, intermediate and high probability. Serum lipids including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were measured, and then TC/HDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C, TG/HDL‐C and non HDL‐C/HDL‐C ratios were determined. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were also assessed. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was calculated.ResultsThe severity of hepatic steatosis was positively correlated with TC/HDL‐C (r = 0.29, P = .002), LDL‐C/HDL‐C (r = 0.32, P < .001), TG/HDL‐C (r = 0.36, P < .001) and non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C (r = 0.24, P = .001) ratios. Similarly, these parameters were positively correlated with NAFLD fibrosis score and FIB‐4 index (P < .05). In addition, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were positively correlated with TG/HDL‐C ratio (r = 0.31, P = .003; and r = 0.27, P = .001 respectively). With increasing the severity of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD fibrosis score, the mean of all lipid ratios increased significantly (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). Importantly, after controlling for potential confounders including age, gender, physical activity level, body mass index, waist circumference and HOMA‐IR, the severity of steatosis, NAFLD fibrosis score and FIB‐4 index remained independent predictors of atherogenic lipid profile.ConclusionsSeverity of hepatic steatosis, NAFLD fibrosis score and FIB‐4 index were significantly correlated with atherogenic lipid profile. As NAFLD is high among patients with metabolic risk factors for CVD, their dyslipidaemia should be aggressively managed.
Evaluation of biophysical skin parameters and hair changes in patients with acne vulgaris treated with isotretinoin, and the effect of biotin use on these parameters
Authors: Aksac Sema E. , Bilgili Serap G. , Yavuz Goknur O. , Yavuz Ibrahim H. , Aksac Murat , Karadag Ayse S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimImpairment of biotin metabolism with the use of isotretinoin and the mucocutaneous side effects observed in patients using isotretinoin suggests that they are a result of decreased enzyme activity. We aimed to determine the pattern of skin and hair changes in patients with acne receiving isotretinoin and how these changes were affected by biotin added to the treatment.Materials and methodsSixty patients were divided into two groups. Each group contained 30 patients. Groups A and B received 0.5 mg/kg/day isotretinoin, and 10 mg/day biotin supplement was added to Group B. Both groups were evaluated using a digital dermoscope for hair changes and with a DermaLab® Combo device for transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin retraction, skin hydration, and skin sebum levels at the beginning and end of the fourth month.ResultsIn group B, the anagen hair ratio increased (P = 0.034) and the telogen hair ratio decreased significantly (P = 0.003). Skin sebum and the skin retraction values decreased in both groups. Skin hydration decreased significantly in group A (P = 0.001), but there was no significant decrease in group B (P = 0.43).ConclusionBiotin (10 mg/day) given in addition to isotretinoin treatment decreased telogen and increased anagen hair rates and helped to maintain skin hydration. The use of 10 mg/day biotin can prevent the mucocutaneous adverse effects of isotretinoin treatment.
A dermoscopic study of cutaneous myiasis: other findings
Authors: Nassar Ahmed , Abualiat Abdullah , El‐Attar Yasmina A. , Alkahtani Ayed M. , Alshahrani Mohammed S. , Aljubran Abdullah , Shaker Engi S. E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyiasis is a cutaneous infestation by the larvae of dipterous flies. It can be furuncular/nodular, papular, or pustular. Diagnosis of cutaneous myiasis depends mainly on clinical examination especially for the nodular form. The latter two forms can present diagnostic difficulties. Dermoscopy has been reported to be helpful. This report illustrates some of the dermoscopic features of this condition.MethodsThe history, clinical findings, and dermoscopic findings of 15 affected individuals were documented.ResultsDermoscopy in all patients showed the posterior end of larvae (creamy‐white bodies and respiratory spiracles resembling birds’ legs with digitated feet). Larval motility and bubbles were noticed in 15 and 10 of patients, respectively. Skin surrounding the larvae showed hypopigmentation in 11 patients and an increase in dilated capillaries in 13.ConclusionsDermoscopy can facilitate the diagnosis of myiasis particularly of the papular and pustular forms.
Genetics in the Host‐Mycobacterium ulcerans interaction
Authors: Fevereiro João , Fraga Alexandra G. , Pedrosa Jorge 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBuruli ulcer is an emerging infectious disease associated with high morbidity and unpredictable outbreaks. It is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, a slow‐growing pathogen evolutionarily shaped by the acquisition of a plasmid involved in the production of a potent macrolide‐like cytotoxin and by genome rearrangements and downsizing. These events culminated in an uncommon infection pattern, whereby M. ulcerans is both able to induce the initiation of the inflammatory cascade and the cell death of its proponents, as well as to survive within the phagosome and in the extracellular milieu. In such extreme conditions, the host is sentenced to rely on a highly orchestrated genetic landscape to be able to control the infection. We here revisit the dynamics of M. ulcerans infection, drawing parallels from other mycobacterioses and integrating the most recent knowledge on its evolution and pathogenicity in its interaction with the host immune response.
Improvement of respiratory symptoms and health‐related quality of life with peramivir in influenza patients with chronic respiratory disease: Additional outcomes of a randomized, open‐label study
Authors: Kato Motokazu , Saisho Yutaka , Tanaka Hiroshi , Bando Takuma 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo compare peramivir 300 mg single‐dose, peramivir 600 mg repeat‐dose, and oseltamivir effects on health‐related quality of life, including respiratory symptoms and general conditions, time to symptom alleviation, time to fever resolution, incidence of exacerbations, and virus titer, in influenza patients with chronic respiratory disease.MethodsWe report additional outcomes from a 2‐week, multicenter, randomized, open‐label study in Japan (UMIN000030118). Influenza patients with chronic respiratory disease received intravenous peramivir (300 mg single‐dose [n = 66], 600 mg repeat‐dose [600 mg/d of 2 consecutive days; n = 70]) or oral oseltamivir (75 mg twice daily, 5 days; n = 72). The principal endpoint of this analysis was change from baseline to Day 14 at each time point in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT) scores.ResultsBoth peramivir regimens reduced total CAT score at Day 3 more than oseltamivir (peramivir 600 mg vs oseltamivir, P = .0032; peramivir 300 mg vs oseltamivir, P = .0203). Cough/phlegm CAT scores were most improved with peramivir 600 mg. Median time to alleviation of three respiratory symptoms was longer with peramivir 600 mg (68.9 hours) than with peramivir 300 mg (50.6 hours, hazard ratio [HR] 1.57; P = .0191) and shorter with peramivir 300 mg than oseltamivir (78.8 hours, HR 0.62; P = .0141). Alleviation of seven influenza symptoms and fever resolution was shortest with peramivir 300 mg.ConclusionsRapid improvement in CAT score, including cough, and shorter time to alleviation of respiratory symptoms associated with peramivir is of potential benefit to patients with chronic respiratory disease.
Different effects of morning and nocturnal hypertension on target organ damage in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Li Xue , Ke Jianting , Chen Xiaoqiu , Yin Mengmeng , Lou Tanqi , Zhang Jun , Peng Hui , Wang Cheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBoth morning hypertension (MH) and nocturnal hypertension (NH) are associated with severe target organ damage in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the isolated or combined effects of MH and NH on target organ damage are less well‐defined. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 2386 non‐dialysis CKD patients with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The authors categorized patients into four groups based on the presence or absence of MH and NH. Multivariate logistic analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between hypertension subtypes and target organ damage, including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), abnormal carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT), low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albuminuria. The percentages of isolated MH, isolated NH, and combined MH and NH were 2.3%, 24.0%, and 49.3%, respectively. Compared to patients without MH and NH, isolated MH was only related to low eGFR (2.26 [95% confidence interval: 1.00–5.09]) and albuminuria (2.17 [95% CI: 1.03–4.54]). Meanwhile, combined MH and NH group compared to the group without MH and NH had a higher risk of LVH (2.87 [95% CI: 2.01–4.09]), abnormal CIMT (2.01 [95% CI: 1.47–2.75]), low eGFR (3.18 [95% CI: 2.23–4.54]), and albuminuria (1.79 [95% CI: 1.33–2.40]), even in patients without daytime hypertension. The risk of cardiovascular and renal damage was also observed in the isolated NH group. In conclusion, morning hypertension is associated with kidney dysfunction and has combined effects with nocturnal hypertension on cardiovascular damage in chronic kidney disease patients.
TNFAIP8 regulates gastric cancer growth via mTOR‐Akt‐ULK1 pathway and autophagy signals
Authors: Chen Zheng , Zhang Jianguo , Dong Chenyang , Li Dongsheng , Yin Yuehan , Yu Wenhai , Chen Yuezhi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of TNFAIP8 in gastric cancer (GC). The expression of TNFAIP8 was detected by RT‐PCR or western blot . TNFAIP8 was silenced or overexpressed in two cell lines. CCK‐8 assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to analyse cell viability, cell invasion capability and apoptosis, respectively. Nude mice were inoculated with TNFAIP8 silencing or overexpressing cells to form transplanted tumours. HE staining and immunohistochemistry assay were performed to assess histopathological changes in tumours. We found that the mRNA and protein expression of TNFAIP8 were significantly up‐regulated in GC tumour tissues and cells compared with the normal counterparts. Overexpression of TNFAIP8 in GC cells increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis and promoted the cell migration ability. Meanwhile, increased expression of TNFAIP8 promoted autophagy, while inhibiting mTOR‐Akt‐ULK1 signal pathway. In conclusions, this study presents data that TNFAIP8 inhibits GC cells presumably by down‐regulating mTOR‐Akt‐ULK1 signal pathway and activating autophagy signal.
The application of individualized abutment‐crown integrated provisional restoration in optimizing the peri‐implant soft tissue contour in the esthetic zone
Authors: Zhuang Jiabao , Wang Yingying , Song Yingshuang , Qu Fang , Xu Chun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis article introduced a modified method to fabricate an individualized abutment‐crown integrated provisional restoration for single‐tooth implant restoration in the esthetic zone, which created a satisfactory peri‐implant soft tissue architecture.Clinical considerationsThree months after the implant placement, the individualized abutment‐crown integrated provisional restoration was designed and fabricated in the laboratory, by referring to the profile of natural contra‐lateral tooth digitally, and seated on the implant afterwards. The peri‐implant soft tissue architecture was evaluated and the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) was recorded. The provisional restoration stayed on the implant for 3 months until the individualized definitive ceramic abutment and crown were fixed on the implant.ConclusionsThis protocol provided an alternative solution for shaping the peri‐implant soft tissue morphology in the esthetic zone by using an individualized abutment‐crown integrated provisional restoration and showed promising effect on the esthetics of anterior single‐tooth implant restoration.Clinical significanceThe individualized abutment‐crown integrated provisional restoration whose emergence profile mirroring that of the natural contra‐lateral tooth, was designed with the help of computer‐aided design‐manufacture (CAD/CAM). It may help shaping the peri‐implant soft tissue in the esthetic zone with merits of saving amount of hand labor of technicians as well as clinicians, and reducing the visits of patients.
Investigation of the relationship between alopecia areata and inflammatory blood parameters
Authors: Dere Göktürk , Gündoğdu Mustafa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimAlopecia areata (AA) is an inflammatory condition that causes regional shedding without scarring on the hair or eyebrows, eyelashes, and beard. In studies conducted, it has been concluded that platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) are significant indicators of systemic inflammation in various diseases. In the present study, our aim was to examine these parameters in AA patients and to investigate their relationship with the disease.Materials and MethodsA total of 135 AA patients and 135 healthy controls who did not have any systemic, inflammatory, infectious, or autoimmune diseases were included in this study. Demographic characteristics and complete blood count (CBC) results were analyzed retrospectively and recorded, and statistical analysis was performed.ResultsPLR, NLR, and MPV values were not differ between AA patients and the control group.ConclusionIt can be concluded that PLR, NLR, and MPV values are not convenient parameters to show inflammatory response in AA.
Temporomandibular disorder–related characteristics and treatment outcomes in Oromandibular Dystonia patients in two different clinical settings: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sude Asha , Matsumoto Joseph , Kaimal Shanti , Petersen Ashley , Nixdorf Donald R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionClinical presentation of oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is variable that can be further complicated by the presence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms. We sought to evaluate variations in the clinical presentation of OMD patients, particularly TMD‐related characteristics, in two clinical settings.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study design, a Web‐based data collection survey was provided to eligible patients with OMD from movement disorder (MD) and oro‐facial pain (OFP) clinics. The survey questionnaire was designed to collect information on demographic characteristics, clinical presentation particularly related to TMD, quality of life and treatment outcomes. Validated questionnaires were used when available such as the TMD Pain Screener, EuroQol 5‐Dimensions 5‐Levels (EQ‐5D‐5L), Jaw Functional Limitation Scale and Global Rating of Change Scale.ResultsOf 53 eligible patients, 31 responded to the survey for a 58% response rate. Forty‐eight per cent of patients in the MD clinic and 60% of patients in the OFP clinic reported jaw pain along with involuntary movements. Of those, 90% from the MD group and 83% from the OFP group screened positive with the TMD Pain Screener at the onset of symptoms based on recall. Positive TMD Pain Screener response was observed in about 40% of patients in both clinics within 30 days of questionnaire response. No statistically significant differences were observed between two groups for any measured variables.ConclusionPatients with OMD have features of TMD, irrespective of the clinical setting in which they seek and receive care. OMD patients from both clinics were similar in terms of clinical presentation, quality of life and treatment outcomes.