bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new Tuskegee? Unethical human experimentation and Western neocolonialism in the mass circumcision of African men
Authors: Fish Max , Shahvisi Arianne , Gwaambuka Tatenda , Tangwa Godfrey B. , Ncayiyana Daniel , Earp Brian D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCampaigns to circumcise millions of boys and men to reduce HIV transmission are being conducted throughout eastern and southern Africa, recommended by the World Health Organization and implemented by the United States government and Western NGOs. In the United States, proposals to mass‐circumcise African and African American men are longstanding, and have historically relied on racist beliefs and stereotypes. The present campaigns were started in haste, without adequate contextual research, and the manner in which they have been carried out implies troubling assumptions about culture, health, and sexuality in Africa, as well as a failure to properly consider the economic determinants of HIV prevalence. This critical appraisal examines the history and politics of these circumcision campaigns while highlighting the relevance of race and colonialism. It argues that the “circumcision solution” to African HIV epidemics has more to do with cultural imperialism than with sound health policy, and concludes that African communities need a means of robust representation within the regime.
Comparable efficacy and safety between LY2963016 insulin glargine and insulin glargine (Lantus®) in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes: A phase III, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Yan Xiang , Jiang Shan , Lou Ying , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine (LY IGlar) with the reference product (Lantus®) insulin glargine (IGlar) in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Materials and MethodsThis phase III, prospective, multicentre, open‐label study enrolled patients with T1DM, age ≥18 years, with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≤11.0%, who were randomized to LY IGlar (n = 137) or IGlar (n = 135) in combination with premeal insulin lispro for 24 weeks. The treatment targets were to achieve HbA1c <7% and preprandial capillary blood glucose 79‐126 mg/dl (4.4‐7.0 mmol/L), avoiding hypoglycaemia. The primary efficacy endpoint was testing the non‐inferiority of LY IGlar to IGlar by a margin of 0.4% using the mixed model repeated measure approach, as measured by changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to 24 weeks. Continuous laboratory measures were analysed using analysis of covariance. For categorical measures, Fisher's exact test was used.ResultsThe least squares mean difference between treatments (LY IGlar – IGlar) in change from baseline was −0.12% (95% confidence interval −0.32%, 0.08%), meeting the non‐inferiority criteria. There were no clinically meaningful differences (p > .05) in other efficacy outcomes, including proportions of patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c ≤6.5%, self‐monitored blood glucose and insulin dose at week 24. Weight change, insulin antibodies and all adverse events including allergic reactions and hypoglycaemia, were also similar between the two treatment groups (all p > .05).ConclusionsLY IGlar and IGlar had equivalent efficacy in glycaemic control and similar safety profiles in Chinese patients with T1DM, when used in combination with mealtime insulin lispro.
Terrestrial activity patterns of the Lumholtz’s Tree‐Kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) in a restored riparian habitat – Implications for its conservation
Authors: Heise‐Pavlov Sigrid , Semper Chelsea , Burchill Simon 
Published: June 2021

SummaryLarge‐scale deforestation and forest fragmentation in the tropical area of the Atherton Tablelands in Far North Queensland, Australia, have placed extensive strains on populations of many endemic species of this area, such as the Lumholtz’s Tree‐Kangaroo (LTK). Despite LTKs predominantly arboreal life and their ability to quickly colonize and adapt to restored forested habitats, little is known about their terrestrial activity patterns within these habitats which put them at risk to predation by canines and to roadkill when crossing nearby roads. Using motion‐sensing cameras, forest floor‐related activities of LTKs were recorded in a restored riparian rainforest habitat in relation to seasons and moon phases. The results show that LTKs exhibit a cathemeral activity pattern of forest floor‐related movements with a tendency towards crepuscular activity at dawn. While there was a significant association between the daytime recordings and the seasons with more activity during the days of the wet season, there was no association between the nighttime recordings and the seasons, as well as the moon phases. These results suggest that seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation, but potentially also in food quality, are likely to affect the frequency at which LTKs access the forest floor. Mitigating threats to LTKs in restored habitats should focus on facilitating terrestrial movements of LTKs, the control of feral dogs, enlarging and connecting available habitat, and educating drivers about peak times of LTK movements on the ground.
A new hypothesis linking oxytocin to menstrual migraine
Authors: Bharadwaj Vimala N. , Porreca Frank , Cowan Robert P. , Kori Shashidhar , Silberstein Stephen D. , Yeomans David C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo highlight the emerging understanding of oxytocin (OT) and oxytocin receptors (OTRs) in modulating menstrual‐related migraine (MRM).BackgroundMRM is highly debilitating and less responsive to therapy, and attacks are of longer duration than nonmenstrually related migraine. A clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying MRM is lacking.MethodsWe present a narrative literature review on the developing understanding of the role of OT and the OTR in MRM. Literature on MRM on PubMed/MEDLINE database including clinical trials and basic science publications was reviewed using specific keywords.ResultsOT is a cyclically released hypothalamic hormone/neurotransmitter that binds to the OTR resulting in inhibition of trigeminal neuronal excitability that can promote migraine pain including that of MRM. Estrogen regulates OT release as well as expression of the OTR. Coincident with menstruation, levels of both estrogen and OT decrease. Additionally, other serum biochemical factors, including magnesium and cholesterol, which positively modulate the affinity of OT for OTRs, both decrease during menstruation. Thus, during menstruation, multiple menstrually associated factors may lead to decreased circulating OT levels, decreased OT affinity for OTR, and decreased expression of the trigeminal OTR. Consistent with the view of migraine as a threshold disorder, these events may collectively result in decreased inhibition promoting lower thresholds for activation of meningeal trigeminal nociceptors and increasing the likelihood of an MRM attack.ConclusionTrigeminal OTR may thus be a novel target for the development of MRM therapeutics.
Superficial CD34‐positive fibroblastic tumor and PRDM10‐rearranged soft tissue tumor are overlapping entities: a comprehensive study of 20 cases
Authors: Perret Raul , Michal Michael , Carr Richard A , Velasco Valérie , Švajdler Marian , Karanian Marie , Meurgey Alexandra , Paindavoine Sandrine , Soubeyran Isabelle , Coindre Jean‐Michel , Boidot Romain , Charon‐Barra Céline , Geneste Damien , Weingertner Noelle , Pissaloux Daniel , Tirode Franck , Baud Jessica , Le Loarer François 
Published: June 2021

AimsSuperficial CD34‐positive fibroblastic tumor (SCD34FT) and PRDM10‐rearranged soft tissue tumor (PRDM10‐STT) are rare mesenchymal tumors. These lesions have clinicopathological similarities, but their relationship remains controversial. This study aimed to characterise a series of cases of SCD34FT and PRDM10‐STT.Methods and resultsTen lesions each of SCD34FT and PRDM10‐STT were studied using immunohistochemistry, array‐comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH), RNA sequencing and exome sequencing. Tumors mainly occurred in young adults, were generally small (< 5 cm) and arose predominantly in the superficial soft tissues of the lower extremities. Follow‐up data were available in 15 cases (SCD34FT, n = 7, median 16 months; PRDM10‐STT, n = 8, median 14 months), local recurrences occurred in four cases (SCD34FT, two of 10; PRDM10‐STT, two of 10), while no distant spread was documented. Morphologically, tumors were relatively well‐circumscribed and composed of sheets and fascicles of spindle and pleomorphic cells showing low mitotic activity (< 1/mm²) without necrosis. Other findings included: granular cell change, lipoblast‐like cells, ectatic blood vessels with fibrinous material, myxoid stromal changes, metaplastic bone and increased mitotic activity (> 1/mm²). All tumors diffusely expressed CD34, while pan‐keratin and desmin were commonly seen focally. SynCAM3 was diffusely expressed in 12 cases (SCD34FT, n = 5; PRDM10‐STT, n = 7), independently of fusion status. aCGH profiles were ‘flat’ (PRDM10‐STT, n = 4; SCD34FT, n = 2) and exome sequencing showed no recurrent pathogenic mutations (PRDM10‐STT, n = 2; SCD34FT, n = 4). Overall, the only morphological features seen exclusively in PRDM10‐STT were myxoid stromal changes (three of 10) and metaplastic bone (two of 10).ConclusionWe expand the current knowledge on PRDM10‐STT and SCD34FT and provide additional evidence for considering them as overlapping entities.
Conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis for the detection of calreticulin mutations in BCR‐ABL1‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Zakaria Nur Atikah , Rosle Norfifiana Alisa , Siti Asmaa Mat Jusoh , Aziee Sudin , Haiyuni Mohd Yassim , Samat Nurul Ameera , Husin Azlan , Hassan Rosline , Ramli Marini , Mohamed Yusoff Shafini , Ibrahim Ibrahim Khidir , Al‐Jamal Hamid Ali Nagi , Johan Muhammad Farid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionCalreticulin (CALR) mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) have been reported to be key markers in the molecular diagnosis, particularly in patients lacking JAK2 V617F mutation. In most current reports, CALR mutations were analysed by either allele‐specific PCR (AS‐PCR), or the more expensive quantitative real‐time PCR, pyrosequencing and next‐generation sequencing. Hence, we report the use of an alternative method, the conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) for the detection of CALR mutations in BCR‐ABL1‐negative MPN patients.MethodsForty BCR‐ABL1‐negative MPN patients’ DNA: 19 polycythemia vera (PV), 7 essential thrombocytosis (ET) and 14 primary myelofibrosis (PMF), were screened for CALR mutations by CSGE. PCR primers were designed to amplify sequences spanning between exons 8 and 9 to target the mutation hotspots in CALR. Amplicons displaying abnormal CSGE profiles by electrophoresis were directly sequenced, and results were analysed by BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor v7.2.6. CSGE results were compared with AS‐PCR and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.ResultsCSGE identified 4 types of mutations; 2 PMF patients with either CALR type 1 (c.1099_1150del52) or type 2 (c.1155_1156insTTGTC), 1 ET patient with nucleotide deletion (c.1121delA) and insertion (c.1190insA) and 1 PV patient with p.K368del (c.1102_1104delAAG) and insertion (c.1135insA) inframe mutations. Three patients have an altered KDEL motif at the C‐terminal of CALR protein. In comparison, AS‐PCR only able to detect two PMF patients with mutations, either type 1 and type 2.ConclusionCSGE is inexpensive, sensitive and reliable alternative method for the detection of CALR mutations in BCR‐ABL1‐negative MPN patients.
A qualitative study of the needs of older adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: McCausland Darragh , Guerin Suzanne , Tyrrell Janette , Donohoe Clare , O'Donoghue Isabelle , Dodd Philip 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch indicates that adults with intellectual disabilities are living longer. However, there is limited research on how this affects health and care needs.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to examine the health and social care needs of older adults with intellectual disabilities in Ireland using multiple informants.MethodsData were gathered from a sample of 20 adults aged 50 years or older (Mean = 59.1, SD = 5.9, range = 50–72; 11 female). The sample included individuals with mild (n = 7), moderate (n = 10) and severe/profound (n = 3) intellectual disabilities. Additional data from keyworkers (n = 19) and family carers (n = 15) provided a more complete understanding of needs.ResultsResults revealed some areas of agreement and difference between adults with intellectual disability and their carers regarding the social care, employment, retirement, physical and mental health needs of this population.ConclusionsThe findings of this study have potential implications for the provision of high‐quality services for older adults with intellectual disabilities.
ProVoc: An app to train vocabulary depth in order to foster children's reading comprehension
Authors: Potocki Anna , Chailleux Mathilde , Gimenes Manuel , Pylouster Jean 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany studies have demonstrated the crucial role of vocabulary in predicting reading performance in general. More recent work has indicated that one particular facet of vocabulary (its depth) is more closely related to language comprehension, especially inferential comprehension. On this basis, we developed a training application to specifically improve vocabulary depth. The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of a mobile application designed to improve vocabulary depth. The effectiveness of this training was examined on 3rd and 4th grade children's vocabulary (breadth and depth), decoding and comprehension performances. A randomized waiting‐list control paradigm was used in which an experimental group first received the intervention during the first 4 weeks (between pretest and post‐test1), thereafter, a waiting control group received the training for the next 4 weeks (between postest1 and posttest2). Results showed that the developed application led to significant improvements in terms of vocabulary depth performance, as well as a significant transfer effect to reading comprehension. However, we did not observe such a beneficial effect on either vocabulary breadth or written word identification. These results are discussed in terms of the links between vocabulary depth and comprehension, and the opportunities the app presents for remedying language comprehension deficits in children.
Hand grip strength before and after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Pérez Pedro , Recalde Bettsy Y. , Costa Aldo F. , Sedler Mark J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and decreased hand grip strength (HGS).DesignLongitudinal population‐based study.SettingCommunity‐dwelling older adults (aged ≥60 years) living in a rural Ecuadorian village struck by the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.ParticipantsOf 282 enrolled individuals, 254 (90%) finished the study.MeasurementsHGS was measured 3 months before (January 2020) and 9 months after the introduction of the virus into the population (January 2021). SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing was performed in two rounds: in May–June (early) and September–November (late), 2020. An independent association between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and HGS decline was assessed by fitting linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Changes in HGS scores in SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositive subjects, according to the time elapsed since seroconversion, were compared with those who remained seronegative.ResultsOverall, 149 (59%) individuals became seropositive for SARS‐CoV‐2. The mean HGS (in kg) was 25.3 ± 8.3 at baseline and 23.7 ± 8.1 at follow‐up (p = 0.028), with 140 individuals having >5% HGS decline between both measurements. The follow‐up HGS measurement decreased by 1.72 kg in seropositive individuals, and by 0.57 kg in their seronegative counterparts (p < 0.001). SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositive individuals were 2.27 times more likely (95% CI: 1.33–3.87) to have a lower HGS measurement at the time of follow‐up than those who remained seronegative. When compared with seronegative subjects, seropositive patients with early seroconversion were 3.41 times (95% CI: 1.73–6.74) more likely to have >5% HGS decline at the time of the follow‐up than those with later, i.e., more recent, infections.ConclusionsThis study shows an independent deleterious impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 on HGS that is more marked among individuals with infections that occurred more than 8 months before follow‐up HGS. Results suggest the possibility of chronic damage to skeletal muscles by SARS‐CoV‐2.
Poetic representations of migration narratives: A process of writing nearby
Authors: Ahlgren Katrin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article proposes an alternative and reflexive practice for representing migration narratives, referred to as a process of writing nearby. It is informed by ethnography of communication and performance‐based theory (i.e. ethnopoetics and poetic inquiry) and provides a theoretically grounded approach, using mimetic configuration, so as to challenge more conventional methods of ethnographical writing. The outcome is presented in the form of poetic narrative suites; the example included here is based on data from a longitudinal linguistic ethnography. The article argues for the use of poetics as a way of calling for the activation of the reader's imagination, represent multisensorial experiences, illuminate linguistic resourcefulness and illustrate alternative models of speakerhood. Thus, it contributes to the developing field of arts‐based research in sociolinguistics by critically engaging with the notion of voice, and by outlining a creative method for handling the limitations of textual representation.
Does having children affect women's oral health? A longitudinal study
Authors: Morelli Emma L. , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Knight Ellie T. , Leichter Jonathan W. , Thomson W. Murray 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany believe women's oral health deteriorates as a result of having children. If so, such associations should exist among women but not among men. The aims of this study were to investigate whether number of children is associated with experience of dental disease and tooth loss among both men and women and to examine whether this association is affected by other variables of interest.MethodsThis study used data from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development study, a longitudinal study of 1037 individuals (48.4% female) born from April 1972 to March 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand, who have been examined repeatedly from birth to age 45 years.ResultsData were available for 437 women and 431 men. Those with low educational attainment were more likely to have more children and began having children earlier in life. Having more children was associated with experiencing more dental caries and tooth loss by age 45, but this association was dependent on the age at which the children were had. Those entering parenthood earlier in life (by age 26) had poorer dental health than those entering parenthood later in life, or those without children. There was no association between number of children and periodontal attachment loss (PAL). Low educational attainment, poor plaque control, never routine dental attendance, and smoking (for PAL) were associated with PAL, caries experience, and tooth loss.ConclusionsSocial factors associated with both the timing of reproductive patterns and health behaviors influence the risk of dental disease and its management.
It is like ‘judging a book by its cover’: An exploration of the lived experiences of Black African mental health nurses in England
Authors: Tuffour Isaac 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to explore the experiences of perceived prejudices faced in England by Black African mental health nurses. Purposive sampling was used to identify five nurses from sub‐Saharan Africa. They were interviewed using face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings were reported under two superordinate themes: Judging a book by its cover and opportunities. The findings showed that Black African nurses experience deep‐rooted discrimination and marginalisation. Aside from that, because of their ethnicity and the fact that they speak English as a second language, they face discrimination and have difficulty achieving leadership roles. These findings provide key stakeholders, such as nursing trade unions and professional associations, as well as NHS employers, with the opportunity to act to counter hegemony in the NHS and recognise that discriminatory and racially related barriers hinder Black African nurses from reaching their full professional potential.
The puzzle of cross‐modal shape experience
Authors: Green E. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThepuzzle of cross‐modal shape experienceis the puzzle of reconciling the apparent differences between our visual and haptic experiences of shape with their apparent similarities. This paper proposes that we can resolve the cross‐modal puzzle by reflecting on another puzzle. Thepuzzle of perspectival characterchallenges us to reconcile the variability of shape experience through shifts in perspective with its constancy. An attractive approach to the latter puzzle holds that shape experience is complex, involving bothperspectivalaspects andconstantaspects. I argue here that parallel distinctions between perspectival and constant aspects of shape experience arise in sight and touch, and that perspectival aspects are modality‐specific while at least some constant aspects are constitutively multisensory. I then address a powerful challenge to the idea that aspects of spatial phenomenology are shared cross‐modally.
Bird pollination syndrome is the plant's adaptation to ornithophily, but nectarivorous birds are not so selective
Authors: Chmel Kryštof , Ewome Francis Luma , Gómez Guillermo Uceda , Klomberg Yannick , Mertens Jan E. J. , Tropek Robert , Janeček Štěpán 
Published: June 2021

Many tropical plants are pollinated by birds and several bird phylogenetical lineages have specialised to a nectar diet. The long‐assumed, intimate ecological and evolutionary relationship between ornithophilous plants and phenotypically specialised nectarivorous birds has nevertheless been questioned in recent decades, where such plant–pollinator interactions have been shown to be highly generalised.In our study, we analysed two extensive interaction datasets: bird–flower and insect–flower interactions, both collected on Mt Cameroon, west‐central Africa. We tested if: 1) insects and birds interact with distinct groups of plants; 2) plants with a typical set of ornithophilous floral traits (i.e. bird pollination syndrome) interact mainly with birds; 3) birds favour plants with bird pollination syndrome and; 4) if and how the individual floral traits and plant level nectar production predict bird visitation.Bird‐visited plants were typically also visited by insects, while approximately half of the plants were visited by insects only. We confirmed the validity of the bird pollination syndrome hypothesis, as plants with bird‐pollination syndrome traits were visited by birds at a higher rate and mostly hosted a lower frequency of visiting insects. However, these ornithophilous plants were not more attractive than the other plants for nectar‐feeding birds. Nectar production per plant individual was a better predictor of bird visitation than any other floral trait traditionally related to the bird pollination syndrome. Our study thus demonstrated the highly asymmetrical relationship between ornithophilous plants and nectarivorous birds.