bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgastric Drainage for Esophageal Injuries: A Dynamic Strategy for a Heterogenous Patient Cohort
Authors: Boland Patrick A. , Abdelatif Asila , Gilmartin Brian , Arumugasamy Mayilone , Walsh Thomas N. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Esophageal injury is a rare but potentially lethal surgical emergency. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality because of mediastinal contamination and difficulty of access. Surgery in such septic patients exacts a heavy physiological price, mandating consideration of more conservative measures. We review our experience with transgastric drainage for esophageal perforation and high-risk anastomotic dehiscence.

Patients and Methods:
A select cohort of patients presenting with esophageal perforation, or complex anastomotic leaks, over 10 years were considered for transgastric drainage (TGD). A modified 36F chest drainage tube was inserted by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy technique, either endoscopically or at open surgery, and a negative pressure (−10 cmH2O) was applied until the leak had sealed. Endpoints include, length of stay, restoration of gastrointestinal tract continuity and mortality.

Results:
Of 14 patients treated, 10 had perforations and 4 had complex anastomotic leaks. Ten patients had drainage alone, while 4 required concomitant operative intervention. The median duration of drain insertion for those treated with TGD alone was 19.5 days. Complete restoration of gastrointestinal tract continuity was achieved in all patients. There was no procedure-related morbidity or mortality.

Conclusion:
These results show that TGD is a safe and effective management strategy. We advocate its use alone or as an adjunct to operative treatment for esophageal perforation or anastomotic leaks. This is the first report of completely endoscopic TGD for esophageal perforation.
Actinoplanes flavus sp. nov., a novel cellulase-producing actinobacterium isolated from coconut palm rhizosphere soil
Authors: Luo Xianxian , Sun Xiujun , Huang Zhenzhen , He Chuan , Zhao Junwei , Xiang Wensheng , Song Jia , Wang Xiangjing 
Published: September 2021

A novel cellulase-producing actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-H7T, was isolated from coconut palm rhizosphere soil collected from Wenchang City, Hainan Province, PR China. A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out to establish the status of this strain. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain NEAU-H7T belonged to the genus

Actinoplanes

, with highest similarity to

Actinoplanes hulinensis

NEAU-M9T (99.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The diagnostic sugars in cell hydrolysates were determined to be ribose, galactose and mannose. The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1
ω9c and C18 : 0. The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H6). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and two phosphatidylinositol mannosides. The amino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NEAU-H7T formed a stable phyletic line with

A. hulinensis

NEAU-M9T. However, whole-genome phylogeny showed strain NEAU-H7T formed a stable phyletic line with

A. hulinensis

NEAU-M9T (99.2%),

Actinoplanes campanulatus

DSM 43148T (98.6%),

Actinoplanes capillaceus

DSM 44859T (98.3%) and

Actinoplanes lobatus

DSM 43150T (97.6%). The digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) results between them were 53.6 (50.9–56.2), 54.1 (51.3–56.9), 53.1 (50.3–55.9) and 52.9 % (50.1–55.6 %), and whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between them were 93.7, 93.6, 93.5 and 93.5 %. The low dDDH and ANI values demonstrated that strain NEAU-H7T could be distinguished from its reference strains. Moreover, genomic analysis indicated that the strain NEAU-H7T had the potential to decompose cellulose and produce bioactive compounds. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain NEAU-H7T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus

Actinoplanes

, with the name Actinoplanes flavus sp. nov. The type strain is NEAU-H7T (=CCTCC AA 2020034T=DSM 112042T).
Epidemic Models for COVID-19 during the First Wave from February to May 2020: a Methodological Review
Authors: Garin Marie , Limnios Myrto , Nicolaï Alice , Bargiotas Ioannis , Boulant Olivier , Chick Stephen E. , Dib Amir , Evgeniou Theodoros , Fekom Mathilde , Kalogeratos Argyris , Labourdette Christophe , Ovchinnikov Anton , Porcher Raphaël , Pouchol Camille , Vayatis Nicolas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe review epidemiological models for the propagation of the COVID-19 pandemic during the early months of the outbreak: from February to May 2020. The aim is to propose a methodological review that highlights the following characteristics: (i) the epidemic propagation models, (ii) the modeling of intervention strategies, (iii) the models and estimation procedures of the epidemic parameters and (iv) the characteristics of the data used. We finally selected 80 articles from open access databases based on criteria such as the theoretical background, the reproducibility, the incorporation of interventions strategies,etc. It mainly resulted to phenomenological, compartmental and individual-level models. A digital companion including an online sheet, a Kibana interface and a markdown document is proposed. Finally, this work provides an opportunity to witness how the scientific community reacted to this unique situation.
How are combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep related to cognitive function in older adults? A systematic review
Authors: Mellow Maddison L , Crozier Alyson J , Dumuid Dorothea , Wade Alexandra T , Goldsworthy Mitchell R , Dorrian Jillian , Smith Ashleigh E 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe relationships between cognitive function and each of physical activity, sleep and sedentary behaviour in older adults are well documented. However, these three “time use” behaviours are co-dependent parts of the 24-hour day (spending time in one leaves less time for the others), and their best balance for cognitive function in older adults is still largely unknown. This systematic review summarises the existing evidence on the associations between combinations of two or more time-use behaviours and cognitive function in older adults. Embase, Pubmed, PsycInfo, Medline and Emcare databases were searched in March 2020 and updated in May 2021, returning a total of 25,289 papers for screening. A total of 23 studies were included in the synthesis, spanning >23,000 participants (mean age 71 years). Findings support previous evidence that spending more time in physical activity and limiting sedentary behaviour is broadly associated with better cognitive outcomes in older adults. Higher proportions of moderate-vigorous physical activity in the day were most frequently associated with better cognitive function. Some evidence suggests that certain types of sedentary behaviour may be positively associated with cognitive function, such as reading or computer use. Sleep duration appears to share an inverted U-shaped relationship with cognition, as too much or too little sleep is negatively associated with cognitive function. This review highlights considerable heterogeneity in methodological and statistical approaches, and encourages a more standardised, transparent approach to capturing important daily behaviours in older adults. Investigating all three time-use behaviours together against cognitive function using suitable statistical methodology is strongly recommended to further our understanding of optimal 24-hour time-use for brain function in aging.
Liver-specific Deletion Of Small Heterodimer Partner Alters Enterohepatic Bile Acid Levels And Promotes Bile Acid-Mediated Proliferation In Male Mice
Authors: Henry Shaw Ryan Philip , Kolyvas Peter , Dang Nathanlown , Hyon Angela , Anakk Sayeepriyadarshini 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTSmall heterodimer partner (Shp) regulates several metabolic processes, including bile acid levels, but lacks the conserved DNA binding domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed conserved genetic evolution of Shp, Fxr, Cyp7a1 and Cyp27a1, underscoring the importance of these molecules in maintaining bile acid homeostasis. Shp, although primarily studied as a downstream target of Farnesoid X Receptor (Fxr), has a distinct hepatic role that is poorly understood. Here we report that liver-specific Shp knockout (LShpKO) mice have impaired negative feedback of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1 upon bile acid challenge and demonstrate that a single copy of the Shp gene is sufficient to maintain this response. LShpKO mice also exhibit elevated total bile acid pool with higher bile acid fraction in the intestine mimicking the 1% cholic acid (CA) fed control mice. Agonistic activation of Fxr (GW4064) in the LShpKO did not alter the elevated basal expression of Cyp8b1 but lowered Cyp7a1 expression. We found that deletion of Shp led to an enrichment of distinct motifs and pathways associated with circadian rhythm, amino and carboxylic acid metabolism, copper ion transport, and DNA synthesis. LShpKO livers displayed a higher basal proliferation that was exacerbated specifically with bile acid challenge but not with another liver mitogen, TCPOBOP (TC). Overall, our data indicate that hepatic SHP uniquely regulates certain proliferative and metabolic cues.
The gut microbial signature of gestational diabetes mellitus and the association with diet intervention
Authors: Wu Na , Zhou Jingwei , Mo Heng , Mu Qing , Su Huiting , Li Mei , Yu Yimeng , Liu Aiyu , Zhang Qi , Xu Jun , Yu Weidong , Liu Peng , Liu Guoli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a high-risk pregnancy complication that is associated with metabolic disorder phenotypes, such as abnormal blood glucose and obesity. The link between microbiota and diet management contributes to metabolic homeostasis in GDM. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the structure of the gut microbiota in GDM and to explore the effect of dietary management on the microbiota structure. In this study, we analyzed the composition of the gut microbiota between 27 GDM and 30 healthy subjects at two time points using Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The taxonomy analyses suggested that the overall bacteria clustered by diabetes status, rather than diet intervention. Of particular interest, the phylum Acidobacteria in GDM was significantly increased, and positively correlated with blood glucose levels. Moreover, Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed that certain genera in the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Lentisphaerae characterized the GDM gut microbiota. Correlation analysis indicated that blood glucose levels and BMI index were correlated with the relative abundance of SCFAS-producing genera. Through the comparison between the GDM and healthy samples with or without diet intervention, we discovered that the role of short-term diet management in GDM processes is associated with the change in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and some specific taxa, rather than an alternative gut microbial pattern. Our study have important implications for understanding the beneficial effects of diet intervention on the specific gut microbiota and thus possibly their metabolism in pregnant women with GDM.ImportanceUnderstanding the composition and dynamics of the gut microbiota in GDM women under diet intervention is important because there may be opportunities for preventive strategies. We examined the relationships between GDM gut microbiota at two times before and after the diet intervention during second trimester of pregnancy and clinical characteristics in cohort of GDM women. We found that short-term diet management in GDM processes is associated with changes in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and some specific taxa rather than an alternative gut microbial pattern. Our study highlights the importance of considering diet intervention as the rescue of microbial dysfunction of GDM disease and can serve as a strategy for early prevention in future study.
A Process-Based Model with Temperature, Water, and Lab-derived Data Improves Predictions of Daily Mosquito Density
Authors: Shutt D.P. , Goodsman D.W. , Hemez Z.J.L. , Conrad J.R. , Xu C. , Osthus D. , Russell C. , Hyman J.M. , Manore C.A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile the number of human cases of mosquito-borne diseases has increased in North America in the last decade, accurate modeling of mosquito population density has remained a challenge. Longitudinal mosquito trap data over the many years needed for model calibration is relatively rare. In particular, capturing the relative changes in mosquito abundance across seasons is necessary for predicting the risk of disease spread as it varies from year to year. We developed a process-based mosquito population model that captures life-cycle egg, larva, pupa, adult stages, and diapause for Culex pipiens and Culex restuans mosquito populations. Mosquito development through these stages is a function of time, temperature, daylight hours, and aquatic habitat availability. The time-dependent parameters are informed by both laboratory studies and mosquito trap data from the Greater Toronto Area. The model incorporates city-wide water-body gauge and precipitation data as a proxy for aquatic habitat. This approach accounts for the nonlinear interaction of temperature and aquatic habitat variability on the mosquito life stages. We demonstrate that the full model predicts the yearly variations in mosquito populations better than a statistical model using the same data sources. This improvement in modeling mosquito abundance can help guide interventions for reducing mosquito abundance in mitigating mosquito-borne diseases like the West Nile virus.
Barcoded Bulk QTL mapping reveals highly polygenic and epistatic architecture of complex traits in yeast
Authors: Nguyen Ba Alex N. , Lawrence Katherine R. , Rego-Costa Artur , Gopalakrishnan Shreyas , Temko Daniel , Michor Franziska , Desai Michael M. 
Published: September 2021

Mapping the genetic basis of complex traits is critical to uncovering the biological mechanisms that underlie disease and other phenotypes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in model organisms can now explain much of the observed heritability in many traits, allowing us to predict phenotype from genotype. However, constraints on power due to statistical confounders in large GWAS and smaller sample sizes in QTL studies still limit our ability to resolve numerous small-effect variants, map them to causal genes, identify pleiotropic effects across multiple traits, and infer non-additive interactions between loci (epistasis). Here, we introduce barcoded bulk quantitative trait locus (BB-QTL) mapping, which allows us to construct, genotype, and phenotype 100,000 offspring of a budding yeast cross, two orders of magnitude larger than the previous state of the art. We use this panel to map the genetic basis of eighteen complex traits, finding that the genetic architecture of these traits involves hundreds of small-effect loci densely spaced throughout the genome, many with widespread pleiotropic effects across multiple traits. Epistasis plays a central role, with thousands of interactions that provide insight into genetic networks. By dramatically increasing sample size, BB-QTL mapping demonstrates the potential of natural variants in high-powered QTL studies to reveal the highly polygenic, pleiotropic, and epistatic architecture of complex traits.Significance statementUnderstanding the genetic basis of important phenotypes is a central goal of genetics. However, the highly polygenic architectures of complex traits inferred by large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans stand in contrast to the results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies in model organisms. Here, we use a barcoding approach to conduct QTL mapping in budding yeast at a scale two orders of magnitude larger than the previous state of the art. The resulting increase in power reveals the polygenic nature of complex traits in yeast, and offers insight into widespread patterns of pleiotropy and epistasis. Our data and analysis methods offer opportunities for future work in systems biology, and have implications for large-scale GWAS in human populations.
The architecture and operating mechanism of a cnidarian stinging organelle
Authors: Karabulut Ahmet , McClain Melainia , Rubinstein Boris , McKinney Sean A. , Gibson Matthew C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe stingers of jellyfish, sea anemones and other cnidarians, known as nematocysts, are remarkable cellular weapons used for both predation and defense1. Nematocysts are specialized organelles which consist of a pressurized capsule containing a coiled harpoon-like thread2. These structures are in turn built within specialized cells known as nematocytes3. When triggered4, the capsule explosively discharges, ejecting the coiled thread which punctures the target and rapidly elongates by turning inside out in a process called eversion5,6. Due to the structural complexity of the thread and the extreme speed of discharge, the precise mechanics of nematocyst firing have remained elusive7. Here, using a combination of live and super-resolution imaging, 3D electron microscopy and genetic perturbations, we define the step-by-step sequence of nematocyst operation in the model sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. This analysis reveals the complex biomechanical transformations underpinning the operating mechanism of nematocysts, one of the nature’s most exquisite biological micro-machines. Further, this study will provide insight into the form and function of related cnidarian organelles and serve as a template for the design of bioinspired microdevices.
The interactive effect of insight and cuteness in driving purchase likelihood: a lay belief of creativity
Authors: Septianto Felix , Rostiani Rokhima , Paramita Widya 
Published: September 2021

PurposeWhile new product introductions can potentially promote growth and benefit for brands, it remains unclear how marketers can develop effective communication strategies to increase the chance of success for new products. The present research investigates the role of cuteness in leveraging the effectiveness of a narrative emphasizing an insight versus an effort in this regard.Design/methodology/approachThis research presents two experimental studies. Study 1 examines the moderating role of cuteness on the likelihood of purchasing a new product featuring an insight-based (vs effort-based) narrative. Study 2 extends the findings of Study 1 using different stimuli and establishes the underlying mechanism.FindingsResults show that when a cuteness appeal is present, an insight-based (vs effort-based) narrative will lead to a higher purchase likelihood. However, these differences do not emerge when a cuteness appeal is absent (a control condition). Further, perceived brand creativeness will mediate this effect.Originality/valueThe findings of this research contribute to the literature on lay belief of creativity, cuteness, and product narrative, as well as managerial implications on how to promote new products.
Prevalence of shifted Rayleigh filter for passive surveillance in underwater
Authors: Naga Divya Guduru , Koteswara Rao Sanagapallea 
Published: September 2021

PurposeFrom many decades, bearings-only tracking (BOT) is the interested problem for researchers. This utilises nonlinear filtering methods for state estimation as there is only information about the target, i.e. bearing is a nonlinear measurement. The measurement bearing is tangentially related to the target state vector. There are many nonlinear filtering algorithms developed so far in the literature.Design/methodology/approachIn this research work, the recently developed nonlinear filtering algorithm, i.e. shifted Rayleigh filter (SRF), is applied to BOT.FindingsThe SRF is tested for two-dimensional BOT against various scenarios. The simulation results emphasise that the SRF performs well when compared to the standard nonlinear filtering algorithm, unscented Kalman filter (UKF).Originality/valueSRF utilises the nonlinearities present in the bearing measurement through the use of moment matching. The SRF is able to produce the solution in highly noisy environment, long ranges and high dimension tracking.
Todays' digital natives: an exploratory study on students' engagement and satisfaction towards virtual classes amid COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Maini Rashmi , Sehgal Sanjeewani , Agrawal Gautam 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to study the perception of school students towards online classes via virtual meeting applications and to unravel the teachers' preparedness and students' preparedness for running synchronous online classes and its impact on student's engagement and their satisfaction during the period of lockdown due to COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of focused group discussions with teachers and students of top 10 private CBSE affiliated schools (National capital Region, Delhi, India), survey instrument was constructed. Further, 489 valid responses were finally analysed through partial least square (PLS) method and structural model was tested.FindingsAll the six independent variables such as teachers' structured approach, teachers' technical readiness, teachers' self-efficacy, students' technical readiness, students' autonomy and students' self-efficacy influenced students' engagement and satisfaction towards synchronous online classes significantly. The result of the structural model also reveals that students' engagement is a significant predictor of students' satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper outlines the scope for future research in ascertaining more critical success factors other than satisfaction and engagement. Scope of this research suggests inclusion of not only schools but framework is also important for college and university level educational bodies. Data collection was confined to students only whereas viewpoint of teachers and parents may also be included.Originality/valueThis study devised a collaborative form of learning where both the parties learnt while making continuous interactions and also co-created value in terms of new skills. Provision of autonomy given to students can't be overlooked as an important indicator for his/her preparedness. As a result, students feel motivated to get engaged in the whole process which makes them satisfied and will be able to identify the learning outcomes equal to or greater than in physical classroom settings.