bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The private sector of health service of Ukraine is an active reserve of improving the accessibility and quality of medical care: the experience of Kirovohrad region
Authors: G. M. Ursol  , O. O. Skrypnyk  , O. M. Vasylenko  
Published: December 2021

The article describes the main problems in the functioning of the health system of Ukraine, peculiarities of formation and benefits of the private sector of the health system of Ukraine and analyzes the experience of the activities of private medical organizations of Kirovohrad region.
Current aspects of vaccination of children with rheumatic diseases (reference review)
Authors: Ya. Romanyshyn  , L. Kostiuchenko  , Ya. Boiko  
Published: December 2021

Vaccination is the most effective way of protection against infectious diseases. Children with rheumatic diseases (RD) are at greater risk of infection because both the disease and the therapy, administered to control it affect the functions of the immune system. The paper analyzes existing data in the literature regarding the risk of vaccine-associated autoimmune reactions, as well as the efficacy and tolerability of vaccination in children with RD. Current recommendations for immunization of children with RD, published by experts, are given.
Clinical and anthropometric analysis of anatomical and physiological condition in geriatric patients with total tooth loss
Authors: M. M. Vatamaniuk  , O. B. Belikov  
Published: December 2021

The analysis of 50 pairs of plaster models of edentulous jaws in patients of both sexes aged from 75 to 90 years has been made. In 44,0 % of them the position of the jaws was neutral, in 32,0 % it was medial, and in 24,0 % – distal. A shift of the mandible relative to the upper jaw was in the range of 0,1-1,0 cm. Interalveolar height was in the range of 1,5 to 3,1 cm. There were no absolutely identical in size, shape and degree of atrophy toothless jaws.
Study of synthesis, properties and directions in use of nanoparticles and nanostructures based on semiconductors A II B VI
Authors: V. I. Fediv  
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of semiconductor nanoparticles properties investigation and its using in medicine. Results were obtained in collaboration with scientists from Chernivtsi, Ternopil, Kyiv and Linköping (Sweden). The prospects of further research and use of quantum dots are shown.
A case of acute gangrenous appendicitis complicated by phlegmonous omentitis in a child with cystic fibrosis
Authors: N. V. Rohovyk  , M. B. Zakharus  , L. Y. Bober  , B. V. Tsiupka  , B. I. Hyzha  , L. Y. Hyzha  
Published: December 2021

Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common genetic diseases characterized by lesions of the exocrine glands of vital organs. There is a disturbance of ion transport and secretion is changing in electrolyte composition of target organs (bronchi, pancreas, intestines, etc.). This leads to a number of pathological conditions and their complications, including malabsorption syndrome, meconium ileus, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, cholestasis, diseases of the respiratory tract, protein-energy deficiency. Abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints of patients with cystic fibrosis, which can mask a number of pathological conditions, including appendicitis, which is usually characterized by atypical course and it is difficult to diagnose.
Improvement of the educational process in discipline «Propedeutics of Internal Medicine» according to the credit-modular system for dentistry students
Authors: N. S. Mykhailovska  , M. A. Shalmina  , C. A. Morhuntsova  , A. V. Hrytsai  
Published: December 2021

This article presents the organization of the educational process for the discipline «Propedeutics of Internal Medicine» for students majoring in «Dentistry» in accordance with the credit-modular system for the department of general practice – family medicine in the Zaporizhzhya State Medical University. It is shown that the credit-modular system of educational process provides a high level of knowledge required for the future practice of a dentist, which in turn will contribute to the ultimate goal of education – training of a qualified competitive specialist.
前言：科技興趣、超越人類與倫理限制
Authors: CAI Yu , FAN Ruiping 
Published: December 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
人類正處於前所未有的技術高速發展時代。特別是，NBIC技術（納米技術、生物技術、資訊技術和認知科學）彙集起來的發展，使得人類改造自身、進而超越自身的夢想不斷接近現實，但也為我們敲響了倫理學的警鐘：如果我們對生命技術的不斷突破和廣泛應用所牽涉的倫理價值缺乏充分的考量並施以必要的限制，那麼技術就無法得到有利的發展和公平的應用，甚至造成過分追求那些具有不可逆結果或不可逆傷害的生命技術的後果，使得現代生物醫學成為人類幸福的一種“錯誤承諾”。本期的兩篇主題論文以及十六篇評論文章，正是著力於探討這些影響深遠的生命倫理問題。
This issue of the journal contains two thematic papers, namely “Emerging Human Embryo Research Technologies, the 14-day Rule, and the Special Status of the Embryo” by Kirstin R. W. Matthews, Sam Lowe, and Ana S. Iltis, and “A Confucian Reflection on Transhumanism: How to Regulate Our Posthuman Future?” by Wang Jue, in addition to 16 commentary essays on ethical issues associated with rapidly developing biomedical technologies. The authors argue that scientific interests should not be the main driver of technological breakthroughs and applications. Rather, ethical commitments embedded in cultural traditions should play a positive role through public participation in legitimate policymaking.
對〈新興人體胚胎研究技術、 十四天規則和胚胎的特殊地位〉一文的回應
Authors: GUO Yuyu , ZHANG Xueying 
Published: December 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
This paper responds to “Emerging Human Embryo Research Technologies, the 14-Day Rule, and the Special Status of the Embryo” by analyzing the moral status of the embryo. We hold that the embryo has a limited moral status that is influenced by local ethical and cultural factors. The moral status of the embryo can be evaluated according to its potential value to and relationship with society within the specific ethical and cultural context. On whether the embryo should be used in research, we recommend that researchers follow the principle of permission, i.e., seek consent from the agents who best represent the interests of the embryo (usually the parents).
放棄人類胚胎“14天限制” 的倫理反駁
Authors: ZHANG Xinqing 
Published: December 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
This article explores prominent arguments in favor of and against extending the current 14-day statutory limit on the maintenance of human embryos. I discuss the history of the 14-day limit and the reasons behind the decision to opt for a compromise between competing moral views. I then argue that the ISSCR's guidelines for extending the 14-day limit are not a valuable tool, despite their potential to contribute scientific knowledge. The importance of respecting the 14-day rule should be acknowledged by ethics committees in the current research ethics climate of mainland China.
善治視角下的人類胚胎研究政策的制訂
Authors: NIE Ye 
Published: December 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
人類胚胎研究的“十四天規則”作為一條重要的倫理原則已實施四十餘年，被很多國家立法採納。近年來，隨著胚胎技術的飛速發展，科學家們對“十四天規則”提出了新的挑戰，也是對相關的倫理研究和公共政策的制訂提出的挑戰，即我們該怎樣看待人類胚胎研究的公共政策？Ana S litis等在〈新興人體胚胎研究技術、十四天規則和胚胎的特殊地位〉（馬修斯、洛伊、伊爾蒂斯2021）一文中鼓勵科學家從促進善治的角度來看待人類胚胎和胚狀體的研究政策，但並未深入探討其原因和意義，本文主要從善治的特徵出發通過對人類胚胎研究政策制訂中如何實現的探討而對該文的上述核心觀點進行回應。
In the article “Emerging Human Embryo Research Technologies, the 14-day Rule, and the Special Status of the Embryo,” one of the authors' core aims is to encourage scientists to look at human embryo research policy from the perspective of promoting good governance. Starting with the characteristics of good governance, this paper responds to Iltis et al. by discussing how to realize good governance in the formulation of human embryo research policy.
儒家視角下的超人類主義反思——如何監管我們的後人類未來？
Authors: WANG Jue 
Published: December 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
隨著高科技操縱人類生命的潛力日益明顯，超人類主義運動也愈加受到學界重視，相關研究飛速增長，但尚缺乏一種基於儒家視角的系統研究。本文試圖表明儒家視角對反思超人類主義具有不可替代的重要性，不僅因為它可以幫助我們更清晰、更深刻地把握超人類主義的影響和風險，而且因為它可以在超人類主義的技術主義圖景之外，提供想像和監管我們後人類未來的另一種可能性。具體而言，本研究致力於在一種隱含比較視域下展開儒家的批判性視角，從儒家“天人合一”觀念出發，闡釋儒家為什麼不能接受超人類主義，並嘗試探索儒家反對超人類主義的倫理理由與西方生物保守主義的同異之處。由此，本文嘗試將不同文化來源的思想帶入對話中，既是通過它們分歧之處，更是要通過它們共同關懷的議題，來更好地思考，超人類主義計劃對人類社會、對人類未來意味著什麼，並回答“如何監管我們的後人類未來”這一至關重要的問題。
As the potential of high technology to manipulate human life becomes increasingly evident, the transhumanist movement is receiving greater scholarly attention, and the number of related research projects is growing exponentially. However, systematic research from a Confucian perspective is still lacking. This paper attempts to demonstrate the unique value of a Confucian perspective in reflecting on transhumanism. Confucian thought can not only help us grasp the implications and risks of transhumanism with clarity and depth but also offer alternative possibilities for imagining as well as regulating our posthuman future beyond the technocratic picture of transhumanism. Specifically, this paper develops a critical Confucian perspective in an implicitly comparative context to explain why Confucianism cannot accept transhumanism （due to the Confucian notion of “the unity of heaven and man”（天人合一）and to explore the similarities and differences between Confucian and bio-conservative perspectives on transhumanism. I thereby bring ideas from different cultural sources into dialogue to form a better understanding of what transhumanism means for human society and its future, and to answer the crucial question of how to regulate our posthuman future.
我們該如何存在？——關於超人類主義的若干批判
Authors: LIU Tao 
Published: December 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
Transhumanism banishes the body from being, which leads to the separation of technology and virtue. In the Confucian view, the body is the symbiosis of technology and virtue, human relations and politics. We can use the notions of “benevolence” and Tao in Confucian ethics to criticize transhumanism. The fundamental problem involved in the debate between Confucianism and transhumanism concerns how human beings define themselves. Confucianists believe that human beings cannot and should not violate certain fundamental restrictions and principles presented by the universe. We should continue to think about what these fundamental restrictions and principles should be, and whether they are likely to be breached with technological progress.
Neuromanagement decision-making and cognitive algorithmic processes in the technological adoption of mobile commerce apps
Authors: Andronie Mihai , Lăzăroiu George , Ștefănescu Roxana , Ionescu Luminița , Cocoșatu Mădălina 
Published: December 2021

Research background: With growing evidence of consumer adoption of mobile shopping apps, there is a pivotal need for comprehending Internet-enabled consumer devices in mobile shopping behavior. Mobile shopping platform features and user technological readiness configure consumers? expectations and demands as regards mobile retailing adoption, leading to acceptance of mobile shopping apps and payment services.
Purpose of the article: In this research, prior findings have been cumulated indicating that mobile social apps extend throughout consumer attitudes and behaviors by the widespread adoption of smartphones. We contribute to the literature by showing that cutting-edge technological developments associated with customer behavior in relation to mobile commerce apps have resulted in the rise of data-driven systems. Consumer behavioral intention and adoption intention in relation to mobile shopping apps/websites are developed on perceived risk and trust consequences.
Methods: Throughout February and March 2021, a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was carried out, with search terms comprising ?mobile shopping app?, ?mobile commerce platform?, ?mobile payment service?, ?Internet-enabled consumer device?, ?consumer technological adoption?, and ?mobile shopping behavior?. As research published between 2018 and 2021 was analyzed, only 330 sources met the suitability criteria. By removing questionable or indeterminate findings (insubstantial/inconsequent data), results unconfirmed by replication, too imprecise content, or having quite similar titles, 66, chiefly empirical, sources were selected. A systematic review of recently published literature was carried out on technological adoption of mobile commerce apps by employing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The Systematic Review Data Repository was used, a software program for the gathering, handling, and analysis of data for the systematic review. The quality of the academic articles was determined by harnessing the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool.
Findings & value added: The consumer purchase decision?making process in mobile app-based marketing involves consumer engagement and willingness to adopt mobile commerce apps. Further advancements should clarify how technological-based consumer adoption of mobile shopping throughout social commerce can improve the payment for products and services.
La armonización tributaria del comercio intracomunitario
Authors: Bilbao Contreras Carlos 
Published: December 2021

La Comisión Europea ha trabajado en la armonización tributaria de los Estados de la Unión Europea para el período 2020-2024. Las medidas modifican la Directiva reguladora del Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido para evitar la elusión fiscal transfronteriza y facilitar las transacciones entre Estados miembros. Las normas afectan al modelo de comercio tradicional basado en el envío físico del producto y al realizado a través de plataformas digitales. También, la regulación es aplicable a transacciones intracomunitarias y operaciones con países terceros. La unificación de distintas normas europeas supone un avance en la consecución del mercado interior mediante la armonización tributaria
Derecho a la vivienda y ordenación del mercado del alquiler turístico en la Unión Europea: comentarios a raíz de la Sentencia Cali apartments y su recepción en España
Authors: Macho Carro Alberto 
Published: December 2021

El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, por medio de su Sentencia Cali apartments, ha reconocido la posibilidad de que los Estados miembros regulen el mercado de viviendas de uso turístico para tratar de garantizar el derecho a la vivienda de sus ciudadanos. En este sentido, la lucha contra la escasez de viviendas podrá considerarse como una razón imperiosa de interés general para justificar la imposición de severos regímenes de autorización a la prestación de un servicio que, en principio, debería poder ejercerse libremente. Además, la Sentencia deja en manos de los entes locales un amplio margen para configurar estos regímenes restrictivos de la libre prestación de servicios, pues entiende son las autoridades públicas mejor posicionadas para evaluar y responder al impacto que este tipo de servicios pueden tener sobre la oferta de vivienda en alquiler de sus respectivos territorios.
El Tribunal Supremo se ha servido ya de esta doctrina para confirmar la legalidad de los estrictos requisitos impuestos a la implantación de viviendas de uso turístico en la ciudad de Bilbao, a través de la potestad local de planeamiento urbanístico, entendiendo que cuenta para ello con un claro respaldo y legitimación democrática
A mathematical model of the fractional differential method for structural design dynamics simulation of lower limb force movement step structure based on Sanda movement
Authors: Li Chenguang , Alahmadi Dimah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to promote the development of sports training robots and improve the training of lower limbs in Sanda, a new mechanical structure of Sanda training robots is designed. The thesis combines the mathematical method of fractional differential equations to design a new type of omnidirectional moving platform mechanism, which realises the movement in any direction in the plane and can turn at any radius during the movement. From the perspective of kinematics, the mathematical relationship between wheel speed and robot trajectory is analysed, and a virtual prototype technology combined with Pro/E and Adams joint modelling and simulation method is used to establish an accurate and reliable virtual prototype model. The experimental simulation results show that the designed virtual prototype model is consistent with the mathematical model, which verifies the practical feasibility of the mechanical structure of the lower limb power generation robot for Sanda movement, and provides a reliable basis for the establishment of the physical prototype.
Gender analysis of vulnerability of smallholder farming households to climate variability and change in North-central Nigeria
Authors: Daudu Abdulrazaq Kamal , Salami Oluwashola Shakirat , Kareem Oyedola Waheed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The frequency and intensity of climatic variables as indicators of climate change have been increasingly recognised as global crisis with significant impact on biodiversity, household food security and gender roles. This study therefore analysed gender vulnerability of smallholder farming households to climate variability and change in North-central Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 768 respondents from the study area. Indicator-based approach was adopted for this study and a structured questionnaire was used to elicit data from 3, 6, and 8 indicators of three components of vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Data obtained were subjected to linear normalisation, non-weight vulnerability index, and both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that both male- and female-headed households were vulnerable to changing climate and the female-headed ones were more vulnerable (0.410) compared to their male counterparts with an index of 0.321. The high vulnerability of female-headed households was due to their extent of exposure (0.839) and sensitivity (0.658) to climate change with low adaptive capacities (0.189). Also, there was a positive and significant difference between male (t = 5.142) and female (t = 5.079) headed households’ in their level of vulnerability to climate change (p ≤ 0.05). This study recommends access to technology that helps farmers receive timely information on climate variables, and farmers’ access to agricultural insurance scheme would help improve adaptive capacity and reduce their vulnerability. Also, gender-sensitive framework that could bridge the gaps between male- and female-headed households are needed to form a policy development agenda by the government in order to encourage more female households’ to participate in climate change mitigation.
Pathogen profile of urinary tract infections in Nephrology Unit
Authors: Chojeta Dariusz , Smarz-Widelska Iwona , Koziol Malgorzata M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common types of infection in both hospitalized and outpatient settings. The etiology is mostly bacterial, and the typical causative agent is uropathogenic Escherichia coli. There is a noticeable increase in drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms.

The aim of the study was retrospective analyses of etiological agents of UTI and their antibiotic resistance patterns in Nephrology Unit patients.

Material and methods. An infection was diagnosed based on the patient’s symptoms and positive results of urine culture, carried out over 26 months. The clinical material was tested by using the VITEK system, the drug susceptibility of the emerged pathogens was identified.

Results. The most common etiological agents of UTI were Gram-negative rods: Escherichia coli (51.23%), Klebsiella spp. (19.3%) and Proteus spp. (13.68%). The analysis of drug resistance profiles of these pathogens showed a high percentage of strains resistant to broad-spectrum penicillins and fluoroquinolones. At the same time, it seems that E. coli isolates presented the most favorable pattern of drug susceptibility in this comparison.

Conclusions. The alarming tendency of increasing drug resistance among pathogens causing UTIs to antibiotics such as penicillins or fluoroquinolones prompts a careful choice of drugs in empirical therapies. The most appropriate practice in this regard seems to be meticulous control of nosocomial infections and making therapeutic decisions based on the knowledge of local microbiological data.
The COVID-19 – related problems encountered by nursing homes in Poland and the steps undertaken to prevent disease spread in the first phase of the epidemic
Authors: Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara , Iwanicki Janusz , Dyczewski Blazej , Herbet Mariola 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nursing Homes (NHs) are institutions of social assistance run by local governments or non-government organizations. Their purpose is to provide individuals with basic services. On March 20, 2020, the Regulation of the Minister of Health issued the declaration of the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland. The introduction of legal regulations allowed the authorities to take actions to prevent infections at NHs. The aim of the study was to analyze the COVID-19 – related problems encountered by nursing homes in Poland and the steps undertaken to prevent disease spread in the first phase of the epidemic.
The survey was conducted with use of an original questionnaire e-mailed to 532 NHs throughout Poland in May 2020. Results were analysed by way of the IBM SPSS Statistics program.
A total of 89 completed questionnaires were received from: 40 NHs organized by local government (44.9%), 24 run by churches (27.0%), 13 established by non-governmental organizations (14.6%) and 12 operating privately (13.5%). Among them, 78 NHs had less than 100 employees (87.6%) and 11 had more than 100 employees (12.4%), while 68 had up to 100 inhabitants (76.4%) and 21 had more than 100 inhabitants (23.6%). All NHs had problems with recruiting and retaining enough nursing staff.
The most commonly used method of COVID-19 spread prevention at NHs in the first phase of the pandemic was establishing an increased sanitary regime, monitoring of temperature of residents and staff members and preparing isolation rooms. The greatest problem was personnel shortages.
Determinant Port-related Factors Affecting the Flow of Shipping Trade and Logistics in Nigerian Seaports
Authors: Nwokedi Theophilus C. , Ndikom Obed C. , Okoroji Lazarus I. , Nwaorgu Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The need to eliminate bottlenecks to port operations in Nigeria was a fundamental goal of the port privatization about 2 decades ago. Current trends in ports management; however, suggest existence of numerous inefficiency challenges reflected in long ship turnaround time, increasing trend of cargo dwell time, high cargo pilferage risk rate, poor condition of port infrastructure and superstructure, multiple charges and government agencies, cumbersome cargo clearance & examination procedures, port congestion related delays particularly in Apapa and Onne ports, etc. The study identifies the decisive port-related factors constraining the flow of shipping trade in Nigerian ports using a survey to obtain data on the influence of the identified factors on the flow of shipping trade in Nigerian ports. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the data obtained. The results indicate that high cargo pilferage risk profile, long ship turnaround time and increasing trend of cargo dwell time constitute the significant port-related factors constraining the flow of shipping in Nigerian ports. It can be concluded that terminal operators should prioritize solutions to the problems of high cargo pilferage risk profile, long ship turnaround time and increasing cargo dwell time, which constitute the major constraints to the flow of shipping trade.