bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Environmental DNA (eDNA) Metabarcoding Markers for Wildlife Monitoring Research
Authors: Othman N , Haris H , Fatin Z , Najmuddin M F , Sariyati N H , Md-Zain B M , Abdul-Latiff M A B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Environmental DNA or eDNA utilizes traceable genetic materials in the environment for monitoring the presence of organisms in a given area and it is now gaining popularity as an alternative for traditional monitoring methods. Thus, the selection of genetic markers is crucial for identification of species in wildlife monitoring. This paper aims to review several DNA markers which are appropriate and reliable for detection of organisms from the environmental samples. We performed systematic literature search from SCOPUS database to review all molecular markers of eDNA. This study focuses on the importance of markers selection which can be utilized by next-generation sequencing (NGS) for biodiversity monitoring. Cytochrome C oxidase Subunit I (COI) are noted as the most widely used marker in metabarcoding research for detection of targeted species.
Breath-holding - A Strategy in Enhancing Drug Delivery to the Lungs: A Review
Authors: Balasubramanian R , Jayakumar J S , Rajan Vikas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
After inhalation of pharmaceutical aerosols, holding of breath prior to exhalation is one of the simpler inhaler techniques when using pressurized metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers. Many benefits are offered by breath holding in enhancing particle deposition, drug efficacy, reducing deposition of particles in the undesired sites and masking of hotspots. Many of the patients are not aware why this procedure is recommended by medical professionals and thus fail to get these benefits. If the breath hold step is successfully addressed, pulmonary drug delivery to the lungs will be more successful. This review addresses computer simulation studies, in particular computational fluid dynamics studies, on the influence of breath-hold in deposition patterns and behaviour of drug particles in the respiratory tract of humans. Along with the studies on breath holding reviewed here, we also briefly discuss the particle phase modelling tools like the discrete element method and discrete phase method.
Distribution of effectiveness and Nusselt number over a corrugated surface impinged by a row of circular jets
Authors: Abraham S , Vedula R P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The characteristics of effectiveness and heat transfer for a row of jets impinging on a corrugated surface were experimentally investigated. The Reynolds number, Re which was calculated based on the exit velocity and the hydraulic diameter of the nozzle, was 20000 and the jet-to-target spacing, L, was varied from 2 to 10 times the jet diameter, d. The spacing between adjacent jets, Sx, was kept constant at 4d. The actual angle of impingement and jet-to-target distance were different for different jets in the row due to the corrugated surface. This results in difference in the interaction of walljets of adjacent jets, which inturn influence the local distribution of effectiveness and Nusselt number
Porous superhydrophobic membranes as safe bubble absorbers for hydrocarbon industry
Authors: Kiran Raj M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces, which repels water droplets falling on them is a hot topic in the interfacial engineering for their wide range of applications from self-cleaning to thermal management. Recently, porous superhydrophobic surfaces are introduced to the front by incorporating the element of diffusion of gases along with the extreme non-wettability of the surface. Interestingly, they exhibit superior bubble absorption capabilities in an underwater situation which is complementary to a droplet impinging on the same surface in an air medium. In the present work, we examine closely, an experimental paradigm describing the physical aspects of such an absorption event and delineate the nature of evolution of the most important parameter, the contact line. The results provide insight into the efficient development of underwater bubble absorbers for hydrocarbon industry for a safe transfer of gases from deep sea oil rigs.
Fuzzy Probist System Reliability of Weaving Machine in Textile Industry
Authors: Jini Varghese P , Michael Rosario G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the binary state assumptions have been replaced by a fuzzy state assumption. Probist Reliability of a weaving machine is calculated with the help of fault tree diagram using the pendant triangular fuzzy number and pendant trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The formula thus created is used to evaluate the failure rate of the machines, which would determine the reliability of the machines and maintain the quality of performance.
Mechanical, Metallurgical and Corrosion Properties of Dual Pulsed, Pulsed Gas and Shielded Metal Arc Welded AISI 310 Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Arunkumar M , Panicker Sudhy S , Aneesh Kumar P , Devakumaran K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
AISI 310 is a highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel used for high-temperature applications. The high chromium and nickel contents give this steel excellent oxidation resistance as well as high strength. In the present work, the material was welded using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), Pulsed Gas Metal Arc welding (P-GMAW) and Double Pulsed Gas Metal Arc welding (DP-GMAW). A comparative study has been carried out on the basis of chemical, mechanical, metallurgical and corrosion properties of base metal and all other welded samples. SMAW process has high heat input and hence dilution effect is more prominent in this process. The mechanical properties evaluated in terms of maximum tensile strength, impact energy and hardness was obtained for DP-GMAW sample. This superior mechanical behaviour of DP-GMA welded sample was attributed to the better grain refinement occurred due to double pulsation effect. However, the DP-GMAW process showed highest corrosion rate when compared to other two welded samples.
Sustainable Processing of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloy Joints by Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Ramesha K , Sudersanan P D , Santosh N , Jangam Sasidhar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Friction stir welding is one of the unique solid state welding technique that is fast gaining importance because of its excellent properties pertaining to the strength, wear, hardness and better joining capabilities. The friction stir welding technique is effectively used in this research to join 5 mm thick dissimilar aluminium alloys of AA 7075 and AA 5052 grade. The friction stir welding joints are obtained by using three different tool profiles viz., straight cylinder, taper cylinder, and straight triangular at a speed of 800, 1000, 1200 rpm and a feed rate of 100, 120, 140 mm/min. The experiments are designed based on L9 orthogonal array considering Taguchi techniques. From the experimental results, the process methodology is validated and the outcomes of the experiment are considered for fabrication of strong joints. The design and optimization of the process has led to better process control and thereby extended its scope for the use of the optimized process parameters for joining dissimilar aluminium alloys in real time engineering applications with sustained methodologies involving reduced dwell time and optimized friction forces and torque during the friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminium alloys.
Modelling of torso and dual arms for a humanoid robot with fixed base by using screw theory for dexterous applications
Authors: Sulaiman Shifa , Sudheer A P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Most of the humanoid robots are facing problems due to non-dexterous arms while working in complex environments. Kinematic and dexterity analyses help to study and solve the manipulation difficulties of a robot. This paper presents the kinematic and dexterity analyses of torso and dual arms for a tree type upper body humanoid robot with fixed base using screw theory formulation. Orientation workspace and reachability analyses of the dual arms are done for determining the dexterity of the robot. In this paper, orientation workspace of the tree type upper body is obtained by converting the rotation matrix to Euler angle set representation. The upper body of the humanoid robot is designed with three Degrees of freedom (DoF) in the torso, two DoF in the neck, five DoF in each arm.
Comparative analysis of an environmentally friendly refrigerant with DI water when used in a thermosiphon heat pipe
Authors: Vivek K.S , Reji Arun Kurien , Abdulriyazdeen A , Abishek S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The focus on building better and efficient cooling techniques for electronic gadgets are gaining importance day-by-day. Among the various techniques being studied passive cooling techniques using heat pipes are gaining momentum; the challenge being finding a suitable working fluid which would enhance the performance of these devices. With the present scenario demanding eco-friendly alternatives, the researchers have tried using R600a, a hydrocarbon refrigerant with zero Ozone Depletion Potential. The optimum fill ratio of 50% was determined experimentally at an orientation of 90° from horizontal. Experiments were carried out to find the performance parameters of the thermosiphon heat pipe at the said fill ratio by varying the input heat from 20 W to 140 W with an increment of 20 W each. Next, the working fluid was replaced by de-ionized water and experiments were repeated. The results suggest that the resistance of the heat pipe thermosiphon reduced by 27% when R600a was used. Also, heat transfer coefficients at the evaporator and condenser section increased by a significant margin of 19% and 30% respectively when R600a was used in comparison to DI water.
Effect of wall-slip on natural convection in the annulus between a circular cylinder and square enclosure
Authors: Ananthapadmanabhan A S , Santhosh Sabin , Murali Damu , Ajith Kumar S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional natural convection in the annulus between a hot circular cylinder and cold square enclosure is numerically investigated for Rayleigh number (Ra)=106 using OpenFOAM. The Prandtl number (Pr) and radius to length (R/L) ratio are fixed at 0.71 and 0.2 respectively and slip condition is imposed by varying the Slipfactor (SF) from 0 (no-slip) to 1 (full-slip) in steps of 0.2. For each value of SF, the flow patterns are visualised using streamlines and heat transfer behaviour is examined using isotherms. The full-slip boundary condition (SF=1) witnesses significant phenomena like vortex splitting, shrinkage in thermally stagnant region and reduction in thermal boundary layer thickness. The heat transfer rate is found to increase with an increase in SF and results are quantified using local Nusselt number (Nui) and average Nusselt number (Nu
avg) along the hot wall. It is noticed that for full-slip (SF=1) configuration, the natural convection patterns and heat transfer characteristics undergo notable changes.
Binary Mn-FeOx nanoflakes supported on CNT by an one-step redox method for low temperature NO reduction with NH3
Authors: Zhang Yanbing , Chen Yingzan , Huang Jinhe , Song Chengjian , Cheng Xianglong , Ren Haibo , Wang Xie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Binary Mn-FeOx/CNT-OSR catalysts were prepared by an one-step redox method, and showed 44%–83.7% NO conversion at 80 °C–180 °C. The catalytic activity of the 0.06 Mn-FeOx/CNT-OSR catalyst is optimum and reaches 65.9%–83.7% at 80 °C–180 °C, resulting from the generation of high valence of MnO2 and Fe2O3 with weak crystallinity.
Recycling of Al chips and Al chips composites using high-pressure torsion
Authors: Abd El Aal Mohamed Ibrahim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pure Al chip, Al chip-20% Al2O3, and Al chip-20% SiC samples were recycled using high-pressure torsion (HPT). Influence of the HPT processing on the feasibility of the consolidation, the microstructure evolution, and the hardness of pure Al chip, Al chip-20% Al2O3, and Al chip-20% SiC samples was investigated and compared with those of the as-received Al and HPTed Al solid samples. The HPT processing successfully produces approximately fully dense ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure Al and Al composite samples with relative densities ranged from 99.7%–98.3%. Moreover, HPTed recycled UFG Al chip, Al chip-20% Al2O3, and Al chip-20% SiC samples cost was lower by 11%–2678% than that of Al and Al composites samples produced using micro and nano-powders processed by HPT or powder metallurgy (PM). The HPT processing of the Al chip and Al chip composites samples effectively refine and fragmented the Al matrix and reinforcement particles, and so the hardness obviously increases.
Porous nonhierarchical CeO2-SiO2 nanocomposites for improving the ultraviolet resistance capacity of polyurethane coatings
Authors: Nguyen Quang Bac , Pham Ngoc Chuc , Nguyen Thi Ha Chi , Doan Trung Dung , Duong Thi Lim , Pham Ngo Nghia , Nguyen Vu Ngoc Mai , Cao Van Hoang , Tran Dai Lam , Dao Ngoc Nhiem 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) coating degrades quickly under the irradiation of ultraviolet (UV). Thus, increasing the durability of the coating is necessary. In this study, porous CeO2-SiO2 nanocomposites (CS-NCs) were used to disperse into the PU matrix. The CS-NCs were prepared by a sol-gel combustion method using polyvinyl alcohol as precursors. Prepared nanocomposites were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) as well as Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) mapping analysis. Next, the prepared nanocomposites were employed for the preparation of PU coatings. The loading of nanoparticles was varied between 0.1% and 2.0%. These coating properties were investigated by using FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopy. As also in this study, these coatings were subjected to UV exposure with accelerated weather testing. The structural changes were characterized by applying FTIR analysis and measuring gloss and color deviation. The results indicate that incorporating nanocomposites into the polymer matrix improves the UV-durable properties of the PU matrix.
Ultraviolet photodetector based on vertical β-Ga2O3 nanowire array on GaN substrate
Authors: Zeng Chunhong , Ma Yongjian , Kong Mei , Zhang Xiaodong , Lin Wenkui , Cui Qi , Sun Yuhua , Zhang Xuemin , Chen Tiwei , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Baoshun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Driven by the requirement to ultraviolet detection, β-Ga2O3 UV photodetectors have attracted great attention. Using a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactor, we grew β-Ga2O3 nanowires array on a GaN substrate using Ga as catalyst. The density of the nanowires was optimized employing the substrate patterning technology. A UV detector based on the graphene/β-Ga2O3-nanowire-array was realized by micro-fabrication techniques. The device has a wide range of UV response covering UVC-UVA band and the peak response reaches 30.82 mA W−1 at 258 nm corresponding to the band gap of β-Ga2O3. The rapid response speed (<1 s) is comparable to that of most reported Ga2O3 nanowire ultraviolet photodetectors.
Incorporating user preferences in rooftop food-energy-water production through integrated sustainability assessment
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Authors: Toboso-Chavero Susana , Madrid-López Cristina , Gabarrell Durany Xavier , Villalba Gara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the overall aim to design successful implementation strategies of food-energy-water production systems on urban roofs, we propose an integrated process that includes participatory processes and a multi-dimensional sustainability assessment of environmental, social and economic indicators. The proposed framework was applied to a typical housing estate in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona made up of 201 buildings and 13,466 inhabitants and characterized by a high share of low-income families. We assess several future scenarios of joint electricity production (photovoltaic panels), vegetable production (through open-air farming and greenhouses), green roof implementation and rainwater harvesting and rank them according to non-participatory and participatory approaches. In general, there was a tendency for residents to choose strategies providing energy and water rather than the food production potential of rooftops. However, the environmental assessment indicated that the least impacting alternatives from a life cycle approach were those promoting vegetable production, meeting 42 to 56% of the residents’ fresh produce demand and reducing environmental impacts by 24 to 37 kg CO2eq m−2 of rooftop/year. Hence, we found that residents were mainly concerned with energy expenses and not so much with food insecurity, social cohesion or the impacts of long-distance supply chains. Our assessment supports urban sustainability and helps identify and breach the gap between scientific and user preferences in urban environmental proposals by informing and educating residents through a participatory integrated assessment.
Research into dye-sensitized solar cells: a review highlighting progress in India
Authors: Bera S , Sengupta D , Roy S , Mukherjee K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the early 1800s, the industrial revolution was powered by fossil fuels as the primary energy resource. As environmental degradation started to be felt, countries began moving toward reduced emissions and carbon-neutral footprints. Subsequently, India also began to make enormous strides in nurturing the tremendous potential of renewable energy. As it has one of the most significant energy-harvesting potentials, solar energy has remained the widely accepted choice for researchers in India. In the last few years, India has witnessed tremendous research and development in solar energy, especially in the field of photovoltaics. Significant research effort has been invested in exploring the new generation of photovoltaic devices as alternatives to traditional silicon (Si)-based solar cells. Among the various new-generation photovoltaic devices, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) remain very attractive to researchers due to their easy preparation methodology, low toxicity, and ease of production. A typical DSSC is composed of a photoanode, a sensitizer, an electrolyte, and a cathode. Various research groups in India have studied the role of each individual component within DSSCs and performed research and development activities to improve their photovoltaic efficiency. The most important part of a DSSC is the dye, which is actually the source of photoexcited electrons. This topical review will provide an overview of the research efforts undertaken in India to support the optimisation of different components of DSSCs. However, emphasis has been placed on the research activities that support the exploration of different photoactive dyes as alternatives to the N3- and N719-based organometallic dyes.
Walking While Indian, Walking While Black: Policing in a Colonial City
Authors: Sellers-García Sylvia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on policing reforms that took place during the last decades of colonial rule in Guatemala City. Based on an examination of criminal cases and legislation, it argues that these changes prompted a policing wave—rather than a crime wave—at the end of the colonial period. In this critical moment, police placed particular emphasis on arresting nonwhite men for crimes related to vagancia (being unemployed) and carrying weapons. Broadly written bans ensured that all manner of instruments—even work tools—could be construed as instruments of violence. The result of this targeted policing was the creation of a criminal profile inflected by race, gender, and class; criminals, the new policing regulations argued, were nonwhite, laboring men. This article argues that there is a longer history of racialized policing, starting in the late eighteenth century, and methods and mindsets developed then have created a legacy of colonial policing into the present.
CNVfilteR: an R/Bioconductor package to identify false positives produced by germline NGS CNV detection tools
Authors: Moreno-Cabrera José Marcos , del Valle Jesús , Castellanos Elisabeth , Feliubadaló Lidia , Pineda Marta , Serra Eduard , Capellá Gabriel , Lázaro Conxi , Gel Bernat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Summary
Germline copy-number variants (CNVs) are relevant mutations for multiple genetics fields, such as the study of hereditary diseases. However, available benchmarks show that all next-generation sequencing (NGS) CNV calling tools produce false positives. We developed CNVfilteR, an R package that uses the single-nucleotide variant calls usually obtained in germline NGS pipelines to identify those false positives. The package can detect both false deletions and false duplications. We evaluated CNVfilteR performance on callsets generated by 13 CNV calling tools on three whole-genome sequencing and 541 panel samples, showing a decrease of up to 44.8% in false positives and consistent F1-score increase. Using CNVfilteR to detect false-positive calls can improve the overall performance of existing CNV calling pipelines.

Availability and implementation
CNVfilteR is released under Artistic-2.0 License. Source code and documentation are freely available at Bioconductor (http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/CNVfilteR).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Funm6AViewer: a web server and R package for functional analysis of context-specific m6A RNA methylation
Authors: Zhang Song-Yao , Zhang Shao-Wu , Tang Yujiao , Fan Xiao-Nan , Meng Jia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant mammalian mRNA methylation with versatile functions. To date, although a number of bioinformatics tools have been developed for location discovery of m6A modification, functional understanding is still quite limited. As the focus of RNA epigenetics gradually shifts from site discovery to functional studies, there is an urgent need for user-friendly tools to identify and explore the functional relevance of context-specific m6A methylation to gain insights into the epitranscriptome layer of gene expression regulation.

Results
We introduced here Funm6AViewer, a novel platform to identify, prioritize and visualize the functional gene interaction networks mediated by dynamic m6A RNA methylation unveiled from a case control study. By taking the differential RNA methylation data and differential gene expression data, both of which can be inferred from the widely used MeRIP-seq data, as the inputs, Funm6AViewer enables a series of analysis, including: (i) examining the distribution of differential m6A sites, (ii) prioritizing the genes mediated by dynamic m6A methylation and (iii) characterizing functionally the gene regulatory networks mediated by condition-specific m6A RNA methylation. Funm6AViewer should effectively facilitate the understanding of the epitranscriptome circuitry mediated by this reversible RNA modification.

Availability and implementation
Funm6AViewer is available both as a convenient web server (https://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/biologicalsciences/funm6aviewer) with graphical interface and as an independent R package (https://github.com/NWPU-903PR/Funm6AViewer) for local usage.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.