bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QTL mapping of agronomic traits in wheat using the UK Avalon × Cadenza reference mapping population grown in Kazakhstan
Authors: Amalova Akerke , Abugalieva Saule , Chudinov Vladimir , Sereda Grigoriy , Tokhetova Laura , Abdikhalyk Alima , Turuspekov Yerlan 
Published: February 2021

Background
The success of wheat production is largely dependent on local breeding projects that focus on the development of high-yielding cultivars with the use of novel molecular tools. One strategy for improving wheat productivity involves the deployment of diverse germplasms with a high potential yield. An important factor for achieving success involves the dissection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for complex agronomic traits, such as grain yield components, in targeted environments for wheat growth.

Methods
In this study, we tested the United Kingdom (UK) spring set of the doubled haploid (DH) reference population derived from the cross between two British cultivars, Avalon (winter wheat) and Cadenza (spring wheat), in the Northern, Central, and Southern regions (Karabalyk, Karaganda, Kyzylorda) of Kazakhstan over three years (2013–2015). The DH population has previously been genotyped by UK scientists using 3647 polymorphic DNA markers. The list of tested traits includes the heading time, seed maturation time, plant height, spike length, productive tillering, number of kernels per spike, number of kernels per meter, thousand kernel weight, and yield per square meter. Windows QTL Cartographer was applied for QTL mapping using the composite interval mapping method.

Results
In total, 83 out of 232 QTLs were identified as stable QTLs from at least two environments. A literature survey suggests that 40 QTLs had previously been reported elsewhere, indicating that this study identified 43 QTLs that are presumably novel marker-trait associations (MTA) for these environments. Hence, the phenotyping of the DH population in new environments led to the discovery of novel MTAs. The identified SNP markers associated with agronomic traits in the DH population could be successfully used in local Kazakh breeding projects for the improvement of wheat productivity.
Spectral Adomian Decomposition Method for the MHD Three-Dimensional Flow due to a Stretching Sheet in a Porous Medium
Authors: Daoud Yassir , Abdalbagi Mohammed , Khidir Ahmed A. 
Published: February 2021

An approximate solution is obtained of the steady, laminar three-dimensional ow for an incompressible, viscous uid past a stretching sheet using the Spectral Adomian Decomposition Method (SADM). The governing partial dierential equations are transformed into ordinary dierential equations using suitable transformations. A comparison between the obtained results with solutions obtained early in the literature and the numerical solution has been made to testthe validity, accuracy and convergence of the SADM. The eects of physical parameters on the velocity are determined and discussed.
Efficacy of Mancozeb and Ocimum gratissimum Extract in the Management of Late Blight Disease in Tomato Varieties
Authors: Bi Manju Evelyn , NehTeke Ache , Ncheuveu Nkwatoh Therese , Toh Bih Nadine 
Published: February 2021

Tomato late blight is an economic disease that causes 100 % yield loss of tomato in Cameroon. The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of mancozeb and Ocimum gratissimum extract in managing late blight disease in Nadira and Rio-grande tomato varieties. Seedlings of each tomato variety were planted in replicates of three in a complete randomized block design comprising of three treatments (T1 –Ocimum gratissimum extract (1666.7 g/15 L); T2 –Mancozeb (50 g/15 L); T3 –control. Fifty grams of mancozeb (50g) and 1666.7 g of O. gratissimum extract dissolved and mixed with water in a 15 L knapsack sprayer was applied to control tomato late blight from the onset of blight symptoms, at two days intervals, to control Data for the disease incidence, severity, and yield parameters were collected at weekly intervals for four weeks from plants in the middle of the ridges. Mancozeb and O. gratissimum extract significantly reduced the disease severity of Nadira and Rio-grande tomato varieties by 0.2., resulting in a mean fruit number of 18.31 and 16.31 fruits and fruit weight of 1.44 g and 1.13 g. There was no significant difference (p =0.05) between plants sprayed with Mancozeb and O. gratissimum extract. The Nadira variety was resistant to the tomato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans. Thus biopesticides (O. gratissimum) can be effectively used as alternatives to synthetic fungicides (mancozeb) –which pose risks to human and environmental health.
Frequency of Carbonated Beverage Drinking, Knowledge Regarding its Risks on Health and Association with Bone Mineral Density in Medical Students
Authors: Abbas Syed Sohail , Ramejo Bushra Begum , Mehar Asadullah , Sohu Khush Muhammad , Naqvi Syeda Abiya Amber , Aftab Sobia 
Published: February 2021

Background: The carbonated drink manufacturing companies has set young school/college going children as their primary target customers who are consuming it on daily basis and frequency of drinking vary depending on affordability and need. The consumption of carbonated drink has been increased recently that has led us to think about its unwanted effects on health. It has been identified that consuming more carbonated drinks may cause low bone mineral density.
Objectives: To identify the frequency of consumption of carbonated drinks in medical students and to assess the knowledge regarding adverse effects of theses drinks and association of BMD.
Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted at Baqai Medical University Karachi from May to August 2020. Students of MBBS 4th year and BDS final year were approached, sample size was calculated at 50% precision of total population i.e 100 participants were recruited by convenient sampling from the mentioned classes. Preformed questionnaire was administered to identify the frequency and knowledge regarding the subject and bone mineral density through Single x-ray absorptiometry (SXA).
Results: The study participants almost (90%) were aware of the name carbonated drink of, 85.5% were aware regarding the harmful effects, and 75.5% were having knowledge about the ingredients. Majority were aware regarding health related effects but they were not having knowledge about names of the specific diseases. There was no significant (0.079) association between carbonated drink consumption and BMD.
Conclusion: Students were aware of health related hazards caused by carbonated drinks there was no association of carbonated drink consumption and BMD.
Race as Determinant of Red Blood Cell Osmotic Stress Haemolysis in South Indian and African Populations
Authors: Haji Hassan Thabit , Okafor Chukwuma J. , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Said Othman Hakum , Nayak Kirtana R. , Obianagha Nkem F. , Galano Emilio Stivens 
Published: February 2021

The study was to compare the red blood cell osmotic fragility between South Indian and African ethnicities. A cross sectional study was performed in the Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. The study involved apparently healthy young adults between 18 to 40 years old. The whole study's total sample size was 50 healthy individuals, 25 South Indians (13 female and 12 male) and 25 Africans (13 female and 12 male). The results showed an increase in the percentage haemolysis that was statistically significant (p=0.0001) in South Indians (32.16 ±5.048%) compared to Africans (20.01 ± 3.151%), respectively. The present study has identified and quantified race's impact as one of the determinant factors of red blood cell osmotic stress haemolysis. Therefore, we conclude that the percentage of haemolysis is higher for the South Indian population than the African population.
Comparison of pretreatment VMAT quality assurance with the integral quality monitor (IQM) and electronic portal imaging device (EPID)
Authors: Ghafarian Melissa , Price Michael , Morales‐Paliza Manuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare pretreatment volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) quality assurance (QA) measurements and evaluate the multileaf collimator (MLC) error sensitivity of two detectors: the integral quality monitor (IQM) system (iRT systems IQM) and the electronic portal imaging device (EPID) (Varian PortalVision aS1200). Pretreatment QA measurements were performed for 20 retrospective VMAT plans (53 arcs). A subset of ten plans (23 arcs) was used to investigate MLC error sensitivity of each device. Eight MLC error plans were created for each VMAT plan. The errors included systematic opening/closing (±0.25, ±0.50, ±0.75 mm) of the MLC and random positional errors (1 mm) for individual/groups of leaves. The IQM was evaluated using the percent error of the measured cumulative signal relative to the calculated signal. The EPID was evaluated using two methods: a novel percent error of the measured relative to the predicted cumulative signals, and gamma (γ) analysis (1%/1 mm, 2%/2 mm, 3%/3 mm and 3%/1 mm for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy plans). The average change in maximum dose obtained from dose‐volume histogram (DVH) data and change in detector signals for different systematic MLC shifts was also compared. Cumulative signal differences showed similar levels of agreement between measured and expected detector signals (IQM: 1.00 ± 0.55%; EPID: 1.22 ± 0.92%). Results from γ analysis lacked specificity. Only the 1%/1 mm criteria produced data with remarkable differences. A strong linear correlation was observed between IQM and EPID cumulative signal differences with MLC error magnitude (R = 0.99). Likewise, results indicate a strong correlation between the cumulative signal for both detectors and DVH dose (RIQM = 0.99; REPID = 0.97). In conclusion, use of cumulative signal differences could be more useful for detecting errors in treatment delivery in EPID than γ analysis.
Bifilar‐Pendulum‐Assisted Multilayer‐Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Chuguo , Zhou Linglin , Cheng Ping , Liu Di , Zhang Chunlei , Li Xinyuan , Li Shaoxin , Wang Jie , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been introduced as a new cost‐effective technology for harvesting renewable wave energy for their unmatchable performance in low frequency (<5 Hz). Here, bifilar‐pendulum‐assisted multilayer‐structured triboelectric nanogenerator (BM‐TENG) modules incorporated into a vessel for wave energy harvesting are reported, which have a high output performance and adaptive capacity in actual marine environment. Compared with previous research work on wave energy collection by TENG, the designed BM‐TENG, which is optimized by the structure and material, presents a milestone power density of 200 W m−3 and this performance is an improvement of 1–2 orders of magnitude. More importantly, by using a vessel as a platform, TENG can be integrated into it to eliminate the impact of the marine environment and enable convenient maintenance, easy connection, and long‐term stable operation of TENG. The findings provide not only a new design methodology for TENG but also a feasible method to harvest renewable energy efficiently.
Does age estimated from teeth forming in different early life periods show differential discrepancy with known age?
Authors: Nelson Jennifer S. , Harrington Lesley , Holland Emily , Cardoso Hugo F. V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to explore growth discrepancies in the dentition of impoverished children and examine how dental development is impacted by environmental influences throughout childhood, thereby identifying which teeth are more sensitive to the effects of biocultural factors and are consequently less useful to predict age.MethodsLength measurements of developing teeth (deciduous and permanent) were taken from individuals of known age and sex (n = 61) from the Certosa collection, a 19th century skeletal assemblage representing Italian children of low socioeconomic status. Discrepancies between age estimates based on tooth length and chronological age were calculated, and the accuracy and precision of age prediction between earlier forming teeth and later forming teeth were compared.ResultsDeciduous teeth produced more precise dental age estimates (mean age discrepancy −0.092 years), while discrepancies between chronological age and age based on developing permanent dentition were larger (−0.628 years). The difference between these discrepancies in age estimates for deciduous and permanent teeth was significant (p < 0.001), indicating that age prediction from deciduous tooth length is more accurate than age predicted using permanent tooth length.ConclusionAn increasing variation and delay in tooth length for age reflects increasing susceptibility to biocultural factors, which impacts tooth growth during the course of childhood. Teeth whose development occurs earlier in life are less variable in their growth and provide more accurate estimations of age as a result.
Parent‐authored memoirs: Lessons in the practice of narrative medicine
Authors: Carey John C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHealthcare professionals, including practitioners of medical genetics and genetic counseling, have much to learn about the experiences of parents who are raising and caring for a child with a rare disease or developmental disability. Knowledge and understanding of the challenges in the care of a child with conditions such as Down syndrome and Wolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome are at the core of the practice of genetic medicine. Insights into this experience can come from active listening to stories and from deep reading of memoirs and narratives authored by parents of children having these challenges. A recent book, Raising a rare girl: A memoir, by writer, poet, and teacher, Heather Lanier, represents a relevant and prototypic example of this genre. Spending the effort in the contemplation of the parental stories provides a valuable lesson in narrative medicine and the experience of empathy for the plight of the family.
Discovery of Cyanobacterial Natural Products Containing Fatty Acid Residues**
Authors: Figueiredo Sandra A. C. , Preto Marco , Moreira Gabriela , Martins Teresa P. , Abt Kathleen , Melo André , Vasconcelos Vitor M. , Leão Pedro N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, extensive sequencing and annotation of bacterial genomes has revealed an unexpectedly large number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters whose products are yet to be discovered. For example, cyanobacterial genomes contain a variety of gene clusters that likely incorporate fatty acid derived moieties, but for most cases we lack the knowledge and tools to effectively predict or detect the encoded natural products. Here, we exploit the apparent absence of a functional β‐oxidation pathway in cyanobacteria to achieve efficient stable‐isotope‐labeling of their fatty acid derived lipidome. We show that supplementation of cyanobacterial cultures with deuterated fatty acids can be used to easily detect natural product signatures in individual strains. The utility of this strategy is demonstrated in two cultured cyanobacteria by uncovering analogues of the multidrug‐resistance reverting hapalosin, and novel, cytotoxic, lactylate‐nocuolin A hybrids—the nocuolactylates.
Liposomen als Überträger membranassoziierter Proteine und Peptide für die massenspektrometrische Analyse
Authors: Frick Melissa , Schwieger Christian , Schmidt Carla 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMembranproteine gehören zu den Schlüsselkomponenten einer Zelle. Kenntnisse über ihre Struktur und die Wechselwirkungen, die sie mit ihrer Lipidumgebung eingehen, sind häufig notwendig, um ihre komplexe Funktion zu verstehen. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir Liposomen als Membranmimetika für die massenspektrometrische Analyse von peripheren Membranproteinen und ‐peptiden. Liposomen haben gegenüber anderen Membranmimetika den Vorteil, dass sie einfach herzustellen sind, in Größe und Zusammensetzung variiert werden können und außerdem für funktionelle Analysen geeignet sind. Wir konnten zeigen, dass Liposomen in der Gasphase eines Massenspektrometers in Lipidcluster dissoziieren, während Proteine und Protein‐Lipid‐Komplexe intakt bleiben. Dies wird durch den Einsatz verschiedener Liposomen, darunter Proteoliposomen zweier verschieden großer Modellpeptide/‐proteine, veranschaulicht. Unsere Ergebnisse ebnen so den Weg für die allgemeine Anwendung von Liposomen in der massenspektrometrischen Analyse membranassoziierter Proteine.
Enantioselective α‐Carbonylative Arylation for Facile Construction of Chiral Spirocyclic β,β′‐Diketones
Authors: Wu Ting , Zhou Qinghai , Tang Wenjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe herein describe the first enantioselective α‐carbonylative arylation, providing a diverse set of chiral spiro β,β′‐diketones bearing various ring sizes and functionalities in high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities. Calculations suggest the transformation proceeds through reductive elimination instead of nucleophilic addition pathway.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Homolysis of Earth‐Abundant Metal‐Substrate Complexes: A Complementary Activation Strategy in Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Abderrazak Youssef , Bhattacharyya Aditya , Reiser Oliver 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe mainstream applications of visible‐light photoredox catalysis predominately involve outer‐sphere single‐electron transfer (SET) or energy transfer (EnT) processes of precious metal RuII or IrIII complexes or of organic dyes with low photostability. Earth‐abundant metal‐based MnLn‐type (M=metal, Ln=polydentate ligands) complexes are rapidly evolving as alternative photocatalysts as they offer not only economic and ecological advantages but also access to the complementary inner‐sphere mechanistic modes, thereby transcending their inherent limitations of ultrashort excited‐state lifetimes for use as effective photocatalysts. The generic process, termed visible‐light‐induced homolysis (VLIH), entails the formation of suitable light‐absorbing ligated metal–substrate complexes (MnLn‐Z; Z=substrate) that can undergo homolytic cleavage to generate Mn−1Ln and Z. for further transformations.
Tunable Hydrophobicity via Dimensionally Confined Polymerization of Organometallic Adducts
Authors: Chang Julia J. , Du Chuanshen , Pauls Alana , Thuo Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFabrication of tunable fine textures on solid metal surfaces often demands sophisticated reaction/processing systems. By exploiting in situ polymerization and self‐assembly of inorganic adducts derived from liquid metals (the so‐called HetMet reaction) with concomitant solidification, solid metal films with tunable texture are readily fabricated. Serving as a natural dimensional confinement, interparticle pores and capillary‐adhered thin liquid films in a pre‐packed bed of undercooled liquid metal particles lead to the expeditious surface accumulation of organometallic synthons, which readily oligomerize and self‐assemble into concentration‐dictated morphologies/patterns. Tuning particle size, particle packing (flat or textured), and reactant concentration generates diverse, autonomously organized organometallic structures on a metal particle bed. Concomitant solidification and sintering of the underlying undercooled particle bed led to a multiscale patterned solid metal surface. The process is illustrated by creating tunable features on pre‐organized metal particle beds with concomitant tunable wettability as illustrated through the so‐called petal and lotus effects.
Investigation of LaMnO3 catalyst loaded on HZSM‐5 zeolite for CO catalytic oxidation
Authors: Qi Boyang , Wu Qiwei , Zhou Hao , Cen Kefa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to the large amounts of CO pollutant from iron ore sintering and vehicle emissions, the control of CO emission becomes more and more important for the environment. To control the emission of CO more effectively, the catalysts of LaMnO3 perovskite with HZSM‐5 zeolite as support were prepared by sol–gel method. The structure and catalytic activities of catalysts were characterized and analyzed. According to the results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), the LaMnO3 perovskite phase is successfully obtained in all the supported catalysts. The average particle sizes of supported catalysts are in the range of 15–38 μm. Compared with the perovskite catalysts loaded on other kinds of supports, LaMnO3 supported with HZSM‐5 has a larger specific surface area (SSA). The SSAs of supported catalysts with different loading amount are in the range of 190–300 m2/g. The HZSM‐5 support improves the catalytic activity of LaMnO3 catalyst by increasing the SSA. The activity of supported catalyst becomes higher when the loading amount increases from 20% to 60%. The catalyst with 60% perovskite loaded shows the best activity in CO catalytic oxidation. The CO conversion of 60LM/HZSM‐5 attains 50% and 90% at 172.7°C and 201.5°C, respectively. The activities of catalysts with 80% and 100% perovskite loaded decrease due to the accumulated pores formed by too much perovskite. The supported catalysts exhibit favorable activities in consecutive reaction cycles. It turns out that HZSM‐5 support is appropriate for the synthesis of active perovskite catalysts for CO oxidation.
Development of highly transparent UV‐curable nylon 6 nanofiber‐reinforced polyurethane acrylate nanocomposite coatings for pre‐coated metals
Authors: Gavande Vishal , Im Donghyeok , Lee Won‐Ki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is the development of the UV‐curable polyurethane acrylate‐based transparent nanocomposite by using electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers as reinforcement. To accomplish the perfect embedment of nylon 6 nanofibers, over‐coating is the leading advantage on account of the ultrafast wetting and chemical interaction with the UV‐curable PUA matrix system. The remarkable properties of nylon 6 nanofibers offer the use of a very tiny amount of nanofibers as reinforcement in developing nanocomposites, which allowed a significant improvement of the mechanical properties. We developed optically transparent and flexible nanocomposite films and coatings based on casting, electrospinning, and UV‐curing. The reinforcement of nanofibers in the nanocomposites maintains 89%–93% optical transmittance in the visible light range with remarkable enhancement of the tensile strength by 85% for 240 min nanofiber deposition in nanocomposite films. The annexed results generated much consideration and proved that the embedment of nylon 6 nanofibers leads to a wide range of applications for pre‐coated metals. The morphologies of the nanofibers and properties of the thin film composites were also investigated. The potential utilization of nanofibers as a reinforcement and the fabrication of a nanocomposite along with its characterization comparably to the UV‐cured polyurethane acrylate film are also discussed.