bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia
Authors: Humphrey G. Bennett , Mojab Bahaod-Din , Mutz Ingomar 
Published: December 2021

Reading the excellent article by Drs. Murphy and Oski, "Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia (CDA)",1 which further defines type II, produced a sense of deja vu. In the 1950s, nonspherocytic, hemolytic anemias (HNHA) were categorized as type I and II based on the in vitro autohemolysis test.2 This group of anemias has subsequently been demonstrated to be due to a series of enzymatic abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism.3
In CDA, the morphological characteristics which define types I, II, and III probably reflect nuclear rather than cytoplasmic abnormalities.
Pediatric Clinical Gastroenterology, by Arnold Silverman, M.A., M.D., Claude C. Roy, M.D., F.R.C.P. (C), and Frank J. Cozzetto, M.D. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1971, 580 pp., $39.50
Authors: Shwachman Harry , Grand Richard J. 
Published: December 2021

This excellent, useful and up-to-date, easyto- read text contains a great wealth of clinical information; it is the first and only book of its kind. Anyone interested in pediatrics or gastroenterology should find a place for it in his library. It does much to establish and recognize pediatric gastroenterology as a specialty.
The book is divided into three major sections. Part I considers common gastroenterologic symptoms and signs; Part II (the bulk of the book) considers common disease entities (25 chapters); and Part III is entitled "Laboratory Tests and Procedures and Nutritional Care."
Warren R. Sisson, M.D., President of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 1948-1949
Authors: Clifford Stewart 
Published: December 2021

On November 22, 1972, Warren R. Sisson died in his 88th year. He had been in amazing mental and physical health until he was struck by a sudden attack of abdominal pain, on August 2, that was discovered to be caused by malignancy.
As an elder statesman of the Academy, Dr. Sisson's life deserves description in the pages of its journal. Born in Hamilton, New York, on April 13, 1885, he graduated from Colgate in 1906 and then spent two years teaching at Colgate Academy to earn enough money to start medical school.
The Pediatrician as Ombudsman for the Handicapped Child
Authors: Borgstedt Agneta D. 
Published: December 2021

I wish to congratulate Dr. Constance U. Battle for her excellent discussion of the role of the pediatrician as ombudsman in the health care of the handicapped child. I have had the privilege of being associated with Dr. Battle during her pediatric training at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York. She expresses well the opinions of many pediatricians of this community.
As a member of the Committee for the Handicapped, Academy of Pediatrics, Chapter I, I am involved in the development of a statement of philosophy and its implication for the provision of services to the handicapped child.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Wegman Myron E. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Brewer has apparently confused the term perinatal mortality rate, usually defined as the number of fetal deaths during the first week before delivery plus the neonatal deaths during the first week after delivery, per 1,000 live births, with infant mortality, deaths of live born infants during the first year of life, per 1,000 live births.: Both rates have considerable importance and utility but they are quite different.
The National Center for Health Statistics has validated the general reliability of the 10% sample as reflecting very closely the final and correct data, which are usually not available until one or two years later.
Patient Care and Student Learning in the OPD
Authors: Orenstein David M. , Dietrich Allen J. 
Published: December 2021

We read with interest the article by Duff et al.1 on ambulatory pediatric training, and especially the comments by Drs. Haggerty and Green.2,3
A program which would be easily adapted to many different medical school settings and which meets most of Dr. Haggerty's criteria for initial ambulatory experiences has been in operation at Case Western Reserve University for three years.
The Medical Student Apprenticeship Program was conceived of, organized, and run by students. It is an official elective course in the Department of Community Health for first-and second-year students, some 40 to 50 of whom are now enrolled.
Blood Diseases Of Infancy And Childhood, ed. 3, by Carl H. Smith, M.D. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1972, 874 pp., $29.75
Authors: Pearson Howard A. 
Published: December 2021

The third edition of Dr. Carl Smith's classical textbook has been published posthumously. Dr. Smith had completed much of the updating before his death and his colleagues at Cornell completed the task.
The book is comparable in number of pages with the second edition, but the size of the type has been reduced so that the actual written text is increased about 25%. The smaller type is a little difficult to read. As in the earlier editions, many of the illustrations are of only passable quality; and two of the book's color plates, which show the twin to twin transfusion syndrome and hemorrhagic measles, are hardly of signal hematologic importance.
REVOLUTIONS AND CYCLICAL RHYTHMS IN PRENATAL LIFE: FETAL RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS REDISCOVERED
Authors: Dawes G. S. 
Published: December 2021

Donald Paterson, for whom this lecture is named, was one of those giants of paediatric medicine who gave the Hospital for Sick Children at Great Ormond Street its great reputation. In the 1920s Donald Paterson played a vital part in the foundation of the British Paediatric Association. By the 1950s he had returned to Canada, but was by no means retired. I well remember his warm welcome to the participants in the Ross Laboratories Symposium here in Vancouver in 1958. That meeting heralded the application of methods, developed in the experimental laboratory, to the analysis of disease in premature infancy. It was the beginning of the end of a long era in which the doctrine of noninterference and of noninvestigation had been preeminent. For many it was not an easy transition. But for Paterson the new technology, the catheters, the body plethysmographs and new-style incubators, and the whole postwar development of experimental medicine provided a fertile ground for analysis, critical appraisal, speculation, and above all, encouragement. This was the most important gift that anyone in his position could have made, and he was generous.
It is interesting to look back and consider why this doctrine of noninterference with newly born sick children was so widely held. Unnecessary handling was known to be unwise, from practical experience. But of equal importance was the general view that the infant was relatively incompetent, feeble, incapable of communication, and unable to regulate its bodily functions adequately. It lost heat rapidly, its temperature regulation was poor, its urine dilute, its breathing periodic, its blood pressure low, and its immunity passive.
SOME SIMPLE HOME REMEDIES WIDELY USED FOR SICK CHILDREN IN 1846
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Mrs. Lydia Maria Child (1802-1880), a prolific writer of books of advice for mothers and housewives during the first half of the 18th century, recommended the remedies below for the treatment of some of the most common childhood illnesses.1
Ear-ache. Cotton wool wet with sweet oil and paragoric, relieves the ear-ache very soon.
Croup. Equal parts of camphor spirits of wine, and hartshorn, well mixed, and rubbed upon the throat, is said to be good for the croup.
Sore throat. Loaf sugar and brandy relieves a sore throat; when very bad, it is good to inhale the steam of scalding hot vinegar through the tube of a tunnel (a straw). Also a stocking bound on warm from the foot.
Constipation. Boil castor-oil with an equal quantity of milk, sweeten it with a little sugar, stir it well, and, when cold, give it to children for drink. They will never suspect it is medicine; and will even love the taste of it.
Tooth-ache. A Poultice made of ginger or of common chickweed that grows about one's door in the country, has given great relief to the toothache, when applied frequently to the cheek.
Cuts and Wounds. Balm-of-Gilead buds bottled up in New England rum, make the best cure for fresh cuts and wounds. Every family should have a bottle of it. The buds should be gathered in a peculiar state; just when they are well swelled, ready to burst into leaves, and well covered with gum. They last but two or three days in this state.
A Device for Administration of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure by the Nasal Route
Authors: Kattwinkel John , Fleming David , Cha Chul C. , Fanaroff Avroy A. , Klaus Marshall H. 
Published: December 2021

The application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) throughout the respiratory cycle constitutes a major breakthrough in the treatment of severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of infancy. All studies to date have demonstrated improved oxygenation and lessened requirements for exposure to high environmental oxygen concentration following institution of therapy; improved survival has been suggested.
Various methods of application have been proposed. Originally, Gregory et al.1 advocated the use of an endotracheal tube or sealed head chamber. Chernick and Vidyasagar,2 and more recently Fanaroff et al.3 have suggested the use of continuous negative external pressure (CNP) applied to the body below the neck.
Hazards of the "Busy Box"
Authors: Fugazzotto David J. 
Published: December 2021

A great deal of attention has been drawn to the hazards of many infant's and children's toys. I would like to add one more to the list. It is a contraption called a "Busy Box."
In the past two years I have treated four children, all between 8 and 24 months of age, for corneal abrasions sustained from contact with this apparatus.
It consists of a 12 x 14 x 2 inch plastic plaque-like box.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Wehrle Paul F. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Paul F. Wehrle forwarded this letter to the Editorial Office with the following comment:
The letter from Dr. Kochen was first directed to the Committee on Environmental Hazards as a part of its Alert Practitioner Program. Since mid-1972, the Committee has been operating a surveillance program through three hospital centers, supported by a contract from the N.I.E.H.S. to the Academy. Specifically, we have been looking for possible associations between environmental hazards and disease states.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Harrison Stanley L. 
Published: December 2021

We referred the question of adequate information for parents and pediatricians on deafness in children to Dr. Stanley Harrison, Director, Department of Committees, American Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Harrison writes:
Dr. Austin's concerns about recognition and treatment of the deaf or hard of hearing infant are shared by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The manual, Standards of Child Health Care (AAP, second edition, 1972, Appendix F, p. 120), contains an updated chart titled "Speech, Language, and Hearing" which includes a checklist for parental observation similar to the chart prepared by the Foundation of Hearing Research, Inc., P.O. Box 452, Redwood City, California, submitted with his letter.
EVALUATION OF SCREENING TESTS FOR URINARY MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: Rezvani Iraj , Collipp P. J. , DiGeorge Angelo M. 
Published: December 2021

A recently developed spot test, "MPS paper," has been added to other screening tests for urinary mucopolysaccharides. The effectiveness of this test has been compared to that of the cetytrimethylammonium bromide and the acid albumin gross turbidity tests in normal children and in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses. Although all these tests are effective in the detection of excessive mucopolysaccharides in urine, their excessive sensitivity yields many weak false-positives. We found "MPS paper" test to yield 34% false-positive tests, compared to 42% for cetytrimethylammonium bromide and 8% for the acid albumin gross turbidity test.
We have concluded that the acid albumin gross turbidity is the most reliable screening test for detection of mucopolysaccharide disorders. "MPS paper" spot test has the advantage of being simple and practical, but weak positive results should be interpreted with great caution; it has the added disadvantage of being the most costly of the screening tests at the present time.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DURATION OF RUPTURE OF THE MEMBRANES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDIOPATHIC RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Authors: Yoon Jing Ja , Harper Rita G. 
Published: December 2021

Retrospective analysis of 211 premature infants between 1,001 and 2,165 gm at birth revealed a decreased incidence of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome in infants with rupture of the membranes more than 24 hours prior to delivery. Infants with factors which are known to predispose to idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (maternal hemorrhage, maternal diabetes, fetal asphyxia, twin B, history of a sibling with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and cesarean section) were then eliminated. One hundred and twenty infants remained. Infants with rupture of the membranes more than 24 hours prior to delivery had a significantly lower incidence of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome when compared with infants with rupture of the membranes less than 12 hours prior to delivery (P&lt;0.05).
From this study it appears that rupture of the membranes for more than 24 hours prior to delivery protects against the development of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome.
PULMONARY FUNCTION STUDIES DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE IN INFANTS RECOVERING FROM THE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Authors: Bryan M. H. , Hardie M. J. , Reilly B. J. , Swyer P. R. 
Published: December 2021

Serial measurements of pulmonary function during the first year of life were obtained in 38 premature infants following recovery from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Twenty-seven similar weight normal prematures were studied as controls. Serial measurements were made of functional residual capacity, dynamic compliance, and arterial blood gases.
All infants following the acute phase of RDS showed decreases in functional residual capacity and/or dynamic compliance, arterial PO2 and mild to severe carbon dioxide retention. Nine nonventilated infants returned to normal by age 2 to 4 months. Eight of 11 infants ventilated for RDS with subsequent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia died by age 5 months. The 3 survivors had increased FRC, markedly decreased dynamic compliance, relative hypoxia, and carbon dioxide retention throughout the first year. Eighteen ventilated infants with clinical recovery showed considerable individual variations, but the mean group arterial PO2 was lower than normal from 6 to 12 months of age. Abnormalities in chest radiographs were common in infants after ventilation and readmission to hospital for respiratory problems during the first year of life occurred in 8 of 21 surviving infants initially ventilated for RDS.
Patient Response Toward a Change in the System of Health Care Delivery
Authors: Motil Kathleen J. , Siar W. John 
Published: December 2021

With the emphasis being placed on comprehensive health care, outpatient clinics in major city hospitals have found it necessary to reevaluate their methods of health care delivery. An increasing number of patients who fail to schedule or keep medical appointments appear for crisis care, resulting in a higher cost of hospital operation due to unnecessary utilization of emergency rooms and the wasting of time of clerical and professional personnel, as well as poor quality of health care due to
See the Table in PDF File
sporadic clinic attendance. When comparing behavior patterns and attitudes of clinic patients under different methods of health care delivery, patient preferences become apparent.
Transracial Adoption
Authors: Shearer William T. , Shearer Mary I. 
Published: December 2021

The recent statement by the Committee on Adoption and Dependent Care1 is to be lauded for most of its content.
The conference mentioned held in St. Louis, April 1972, the Third North American Conference on Adoptable Children, was not named as a conference on interracial adoption as were its predecessors because parents' groups supporting these conventions wished to promote the adoption of all available children regardless of reason for nonadoption.
The final statement phrase that ". . . the child will surely be sacrificed to the popular movement of his day" falsely implies that the practice of interracial adoption is a widespread, new phenomenon that will be harmful to the involved children.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Feiertag Richard B. 
Published: December 2021

It was not the intent of our committee to impede the practice of transracial adoption. However, we feel that this a very sensitive area of social practice and one in which hazards do exist.
We recognize that there are humanitarian and psychological overtones in every adoption, but welfare of the individual child must receive the highest priority. Other considerations are of secondary importance.
A previous statement, "Adoption of Black Children,"1 described the efforts that are being made to promote the placement of black children, both within their own race and transracially.
HEALTH STANDARDS FOR JUVENILE COURT RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES
Authors: Hazard Sprague W. , Allen V. Robert , Eisner Victor , Garell Dale C. , Hofmann Adele D. , James W. Scott , Shen Jerome T. Y. , Welty John A. , Wolfish Martin G. , Shaffer Thomas E. , Gallagher J. Roswell , Tanner Natalia M. 
Published: December 2021

Young people who find themselves in juvenile court facilities constitute a group who traditionally have displayed a high incidence of health problems. Many have had inadequate care in the past, and enter with preexisting medical and dental conditions. Whether or not they are in good physical health, they often are handicapped in the area of mental health. The conditions which necessitate removing them from their homes and placing them in institutions may aggravate, or even cause, physical and mental health problems.
When society undertakes to remove children and youth from their homes and place them in institutions away from the care of their parents, it assumes certain obligations. Among these obligations is care of their physical and mental health.
Health programs in juvenile court facilities must be broad and comprehensive and must go beyond the mere provision of medical care. The extent of the health care which should be offered to an individual will depend on the length of time he is in the institution. But, every institution which confines juveniles should have a health program designed to protect and promote the physical and mental well-being of residents, to discover those in need of short-term or long-term medical and dental treatment, and to contribute to their rehabilitation by appropriate diagnosis and treatment and provision of continuity of care following release.
The standards given here are designed to attain these goals.
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE HEALTH PROGRAM
Health Council
1. Each institution should have a multidisciplinary health council to set the policies of the health program.
2. The council may be organized within the institution or by the authority which operates the institution.
To Tap and How To Tap
Authors: Zisman A. S. 
Published: December 2021

I have read the several articles in the March 1973 issue of Pediatrics concerning lumbar puncture.1-3
I think it would have been appropriate to review some of the technical features of lumbar puncture to which reference was made, but which were not fully delineated. I would have liked the following questions answered: (1) Are all children of all ages given a local anesthetic before the introduction of the spinal needle? (2) To what degree is the "doubling up and tight positioning of the child" required for ease of entry, versus the control of a child struggling because of pain?
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Byers Randolph K. 
Published: December 2021

To Dr. Zisman:
Dr. R. K. Byers, after noting that your questions "are ones to which there are probably no generally accepted answers" answered them as follows:
Answer to Question 1: This depends on the habits of the operating physician. Personally, I use a good deal of local anesthetic, probably in 90% of the cases in which puncture is done for I think it is easier to do a lumbar puncture if the subject is unaware of the time that the needle is being stuck in his back.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Fost Norman 
Published: December 2021

Thank you for forwarding Dr. Carr's letter. We would not suggest that anyone undergo abortion or be counseled concerning abortion without knowing the specifics of the individual case. We only wished to point out that the possibility of intrauterine diagnosis and selective abortion would offer a positive alternative to those couples who presently refrain from having any children because they find unacceptable or unsatisfactory the choices of adoption, artificial insemination, and "gambling."
Intrauterine diagnosis would, of course, offer no new alternative to those who find abortion unacceptable.
In Reply: Common Clinical Cardiological Problems: The Absence of Arbitrary Answers
Authors: Noonan Jacqueline A. 
Published: December 2021

The comments above by Drs. Silver and Joos pertain to some important and quite complicated clinical situations. They pose questions which do not lend themselves to simple arbitrary recommendations by the Academy. All involve a good deal of basic understanding of the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure and congenital heart disease in general. I doubt a simple arbitrary recommendation of any of the listed problems could be given which would cover every clinical situation.
Active participation by trained pediatric cardiologist in both the training of medical students and house staff is, of course, a good and usual way for "future" pediatricians to learn how to manage "common pediatric cardiologic problems."
A New Syndrome? Or Galactosemia?
Authors: Harris Ruth C. 
Published: December 2021

The interesting paper by W. B. Wadlington and Harris E. Riley1 discusses clearly the hepatic problems encountered in the newborn period, particularly metabolic disorders such as galactosemia, fructose intolerance and amino acid disorders. Also pertinent is the statement "abnormal accumulation of fat in its parenchymal cells is one of the most common responses of the liver to injury."
It is quite possible that this infant had galactosemia with liver damage, presenting early with steatosis, poor hepatic cell function producing high indirect (and some direct) bilirubinemia and poor albumin production.
The State of Nutrition in the Arab Middle East, by Vinavak N. Patwardhan, Ph.D., and William J. Darby, M.D., Ph.D. Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press, 1972, 308 pp., $15
Authors: Sadre Mahin 
Published: December 2021

Drs. Patwardhan and Darby have awarded the medical world with a fine and richly detailed review of the state of nutrition in the Arab Middle East. Their book is based on published and/or unpublished research findings and data on nutrition surveys in those countries chosen for their subject.
The geographical location of study is a veritable storehouse for in-depth studies in nutrition; however, the authors repeatedly deplore the insufficiency and limitation of available data due perhaps to political and certainly to cultural factors.