bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate reduced acute lung inflammation and increased M2 macrophage‐associated cytokines in an acute mouse model of allergic airways disease
Authors: Shaw Odette M. , Hurst Roger D. , Cooney Janine , Sawyer Gregory M. , Dinnan Hannah , Martell Sheridan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBioactive compounds including anthocyanins and other polyphenols are associated with reduced lung inflammation and improved lung function in asthma and other lung diseases. This study investigated the effects of a Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate, high in cyanidin glycosides, ellagitannins, and chlorogenic acid, on a mouse model of allergic airways inflammation. Male C57BL/6J mice were orally gavaged with 2.5 mg/kg of total anthocyanins (TAC) from BerriQi® Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate (0.2 mg/kg human equivalent dose) or water control 1 hr before an acute intranasal ovalbumin (OVA) challenge and were gavaged again 2 days after the intranasal challenge. Consumption of BerriQi® Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate significantly decreased OVA‐induced infiltrating eosinophils, neutrophils, and T cells in the lung, and mucous production. Quantification of gene expression for arginase (Arg1), chitinase 3‐like 3 (Ym‐1), found in inflammatory zone (Fizz1), which have been associated with an anti‐inflammatory macrophage phenotype (M2), found significantly increased Arg1 expression in the lung in the Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate treatment group. There was also increased production of M2‐associated cytokines C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 10 and C‐C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 4. These results suggest that consumption of BerriQi® Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate promoted a shift toward an anti‐inflammatory environment within the lung leading to reduced immune cell infiltration and tissue damage.
Development and evaluation of a high performance T1‐weighted brain template for use in studies on older adults
Authors: Ridwan Abdur Raquib , Niaz Mohammad Rakeen , Wu Yingjuan , Qi Xiaoxiao , Zhang Shengwei , Kontzialis Marinos , Javierre‐Petit Carles , Tazwar Mahir ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Bennett David A. , Yang Yongyi , Arfanakis Konstantinos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractΤhe accuracy of template‐based neuroimaging investigations depends on the template's image quality and representativeness of the individuals under study. Yet a thorough, quantitative investigation of how available standardized and study‐specific T1‐weighted templates perform in studies on older adults has not been conducted. The purpose of this work was to construct a high‐quality standardized T1‐weighted template specifically designed for the older adult brain, and systematically compare the new template to several other standardized and study‐specific templates in terms of image quality, performance in spatial normalization of older adult data and detection of small inter‐group morphometric differences, and representativeness of the older adult brain. The new template was constructed with state‐of‐the‐art spatial normalization of high‐quality data from 222 older adults. It was shown that the new template (a) exhibited high image sharpness, (b) provided higher inter‐subject spatial normalization accuracy and (c) allowed detection of smaller inter‐group morphometric differences compared to other standardized templates, (d) had similar performance to that of study‐specific templates constructed with the same methodology, and (e) was highly representative of the older adult brain.
Role of the temporoparietal fascia free flap in salvage total laryngectomy
Authors: Molteni Gabriele , Gazzini Luca , Sacchetto Andrea , Nocini Riccardo , Marchioni Daniele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe procedure for salvage total laryngectomy (STL) is burdened by a high rate of postoperative complications as a result of delayed wound healing in previously irradiated tissue. Several observational studies have investigated the role of prophylactic vascularized flaps to aid pharyngeal closure after STL and prevent the development of PCF. The use of a temporoparietal fascia free flap (TFFF) as an overlay flap for STL has been described previously in two published studies and both sets of authors agreed that the most obvious benefit of the TFFF in STL is a reduced PCF rate with low site morbidity and good functional outcomes. The aim of this video is to illustrate the use of the temporoparietal fascia flap to provide an adjunctive reinforcement layer in the reconstruction of the pharynx.
Mast Cells Promote Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Phenotypes and Microvesicular Steatosis in Mice Fed a Western Diet
Authors: Kennedy Lindsey , Meadows Vik , Sybenga Amelia , Demieville Jennifer , Chen Lixian , Hargrove Laura , Ekser Burcin , Dar Wasim , Ceci Ludovica , Kundu Debjyoti , Kyritsi Konstantina , Pham Linh , Zhou Tianhao , Glaser Shannon , Meng Fanyin , Alpini Gianfranco , Francis Heather 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is simple steatosis but can develop into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by liver inflammation, fibrosis, and microvesicular steatosis. Mast cells (MCs) infiltrate the liver during cholestasis and promote ductular reaction (DR), biliary senescence, and liver fibrosis. We aimed to determine the effects of MC depletion during NAFLD/NASH.

Approach and Results
Wild‐type (WT) and KitW‐sh
(MC‐deficient) mice were fed a control diet (CD) or a Western diet (WD) for 16 weeks; select WT and KitW‐sh
WD mice received tail vein injections of MCs 2 times per week for 2 weeks prior to sacrifice. Human samples were collected from normal, NAFLD, or NASH mice. Cholangiocytes from WT WD mice and human NASH have increased insulin‐like growth factor 1 expression that promotes MC migration/activation. Enhanced MC presence was noted in WT WD mice and human NASH, along with increased DR. WT WD mice had significantly increased steatosis, DR/biliary senescence, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and angiogenesis compared to WT CD mice, which was significantly reduced in KitW‐sh
WD mice. Loss of MCs prominently reduced microvesicular steatosis in zone 1 hepatocytes. MC injection promoted WD‐induced biliary and liver damage and specifically up‐regulated microvesicular steatosis in zone 1 hepatocytes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3 (ALDH1A3) expression is reduced in WT WD mice and human NASH but increased in KitW‐sh
WD mice. MicroRNA 144‐3 prime (miR‐144‐3p) expression was increased in WT WD mice and human NASH but reduced in KitW‐sh
WD mice and was found to target ALDH1A3.

Conclusions
MCs promote WD‐induced biliary and liver damage and may promote microvesicular steatosis development during NAFLD progression to NASH through miR‐144‐3p/ALDH1A3 signaling. Inhibition of MC activation may be a therapeutic option for NAFLD/NASH treatment.
Facilitators of the health advocacy role practice of the nurse in Ghana: A qualitative study
Authors: Laari Luke , Duma Sinegugu Evidence 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying facilitators of health advocacy role practice of nurses is important in reducing health disparities and inequities in Ghana. The struggle to reducing these disparities and inequities needs a combination of bravery, courage, and professionalism. In many instances, many barriers hinder nurses from practicing their health advocacy role in Ghana. Facilitators that motivate nurses who would perform this health advocacy role have not been identified and adequately described in Ghana.AimTo explore and describe the facilitators of the health advocacy role of nurses in Ghana.MethodsThis qualitative study used Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory approach to collect and analyze data from 2018 to 2019 in three regions in Ghana. Semistructured interviews (n = 24) and field notes were used to collect data.ResultsProfessional influence emerged as a core category among other three facilitators that motivate nurses to perform the health advocacy role. The other three are clientele influence, intrinsic influence, and cultural influence.ConclusionsFacilitators to the health advocacy role practice of nurses are multidimensional and hidden. In this respect, educating hospital managers on these facilitators should be done through workshops and seminars to enhance the managers' strategies of motivating nurses to advocate for the less privileged and the disadvantaged of the society.
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea at an outpatient memory clinic
Authors: Linssen Britt , Bergman Esther , Klarenbeek Pim , Hoff Erik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that has several health hazards, including cognitive dysfunction. Studies have thus far primarily focussed on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients diagnosed with OSA at sleep clinics. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of OSA at an outpatient memory clinic.MethodsA dataset of patients who visited our memory clinic in the period from June 2015 to September 2019 was retrospectively examined for the presence of OSA. The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of OSA, subdivided into three cognitive syndrome diagnosis groups: subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Secondary outcome measures included age, education level, body mass index, substance use, depression and OSA criteria.ResultsOf the 885 patients included in this study, 153 patients had already been or were diagnosed with OSA (17.3%). The percentage of OSA in the SCC group was significantly higher compared with the dementia group (26.7% vs 8.0%; OR 3.83 [95%CI 2.43‐5.99]). Age differed significantly between the SCC group and the dementia group: 63.5 vs 71.5 years (7.6 ± 1.810; P < .001). Higher education level was associated with a lower prevalence of dementia compared to SCC (OR 0.068[95%CI 0.008‐0.588]). Severity parameters of OSA did not show significant differences across the various cognitive syndrome diagnosis groups.ConclusionsPrevalence of OSA at our outpatient memory clinic is generally high. Especially in patients with SCC. We would therefore advocate screening for OSA at memory clinics.
An experimental investigation of the effects of thawed soil depth on rill flow velocity
Authors: Gao Xiaofeng , Shi Xiaonan , Lei Tingwu , Liu Huaqing , Yang Jiahui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWater flow velocity is an important hydraulic variable in hydrological and soil erosion models, and is greatly affected by freezing and thawing of the surface soil layer in cold high‐altitude regions. The accurate measurement of rill flow velocity when impacted by the thawing process is critical to simulate runoff and sediment transport processes. In this study, an electrolyte tracer modelling method was used to measure rill flow velocity along a meadow soil slope at different thaw depths under simulated rainfall. Rill flow velocity was measured using four thawed soil depths (0, 1, 2 and 10 cm), four slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15° and 20°) and four rainfall intensities (30, 60, 90 and 120 mm·h−1). The results showed that the increase in thawed soil depth caused a decrease in rill flow velocity, whereby the rate of this decrease was also diminishing. Whilst the rill flow velocity was positively correlated with slope gradient and rainfall intensity, the response of rill flow velocity to these influencing factors varied with thawed soil depth. The mechanism by which thawed soil depth influenced rill flow velocity was attributed to the consumption of runoff energy, slope surface roughness, and the headcut effect. Rill flow velocity was modelled by thawed soil depth, slope gradient and rainfall intensity using an empirical function. This function predicted values that were in good agreement with the measured data. These results provide the foundation for a better understanding of the effect of thawed soil depth on slope hydrology, erosion and the parameterization scheme for hydrological and soil erosion models.
RNA m6A methylation regulates virus–host interaction and EBNA2 expression during Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Wang Jia , Zhang Xiaoyue , Fu Yuxin , Peng Qiu , Lu Jianhong , Wei Lingyu , Li Zhengshuo , Liu Can , Wu Yangge , Yan Qun , Ma Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification that occurs in messenger RNA (mRNA), affecting mRNA splicing, translation, and stability. This modification is reversible, and its related biological functions are mediated by “writers,” “erasers,” and “readers.” The field of viral epitranscriptomics and the role of m6A modification in virus–host interaction have attracted much attention recently. When Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects a human B lymphocyte, it goes through three phases: the pre‐latent phase, latent phase, and lytic phase. Little is known about the viral and cellular m6A epitranscriptomes in EBV infection, especially in the pre‐latent phase during de novo infection.MethodsMethylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP‐seq) and MeRIP‐RT‐qPCR were used to determine the m6A‐modified transcripts during de novo EBV infection. RIP assay was used to confirm the binding of EBNA2 and m6A readers. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot analysis were performed to test the effect of m6A on the host and viral gene expression.ResultsHere, we provided mechanistic insights by examining the viral and cellular m6A epitranscriptomes during de novo EBV infection, which is in the pre‐latent phase. EBV EBNA2 and BHRF1 were highly m6A‐modified upon EBV infection. Knockdown of METTL3 (a “writer”) decreased EBNA2 expression levels. The emergent m6A modifications induced by EBV infection preferentially distributed in 3ʹ untranslated regions of cellular transcripts, while the lost m6A modifications induced by EBV infection preferentially distributed in coding sequence regions of mRNAs. EBV infection could influence the host cellular m6A epitranscriptome.ConclusionsThese results reveal the critical role of m6A modification in the process of de novo EBV infection.
Day‐of‐the‐week effect and market liquidity: A comparative study from emerging stock markets of Asia†
Authors: Khan Badal , Aqil Muhammad , Alam Kazmi Syed Hasnain , Zaman Syed Imran 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the second half of the 20th century, it was observed that weekday‐of‐Monday generate significantly lower returns than other days of the week. Literature has shown that the day effect exists on weekdays of the week, which is different from this day Monday. This study investigates day‐of‐the‐week effect in returns and volume of stock in emerging Asian markets by using ordinary least square regression (OLS), generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) (1, 1) and Kruskal‐Wallis test. The data are obtained from Thomson Reuters from July 2013 to March 2019 for the market indices and volume. The OLS and GARCH (1, 1) are employed through Eviews, while Kruskal‐Wallis test is used through SPSS. The results show a significant day‐of‐the‐week effect in returns in China, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia and Pakistan. On the other hand, no significant day‐of‐the‐week effect in returns is revealed in India and Malaysia. Furthermore, significant differences in traded volume on different days are also observed in all markets except for Malaysia, where Monday is the least traded day in most markets. No evidence for co‐occurrence of day‐of‐the‐week effect in returns and volume is observed. The findings affirm inconsistency in the day‐of‐the‐week effect.
A survey on the amount of unnecessary brain and spine magnetic resonance imaging and reasons to affect it in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Akhavan Rezayat Sara , Emam Gholi Pour Sara , AliKhassi Afsaneh , Habibi Zohreh , Ahmadi Batoul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesAnalyzing and understanding image recognition technologies' application patterns is of great importance for health planning systems, especially in the middle‐ and low‐income countries. The literature review reveals that magnetic resonance imaging has been significantly used worldwide compared to other imaging diagnoses. This study aimed to determine the number of unnecessary MRIs in 2015, 2016, and 2017, thus reducing them using the obtained information.Methods and materialsThis descriptive‐analytical and Retrospective study was carried out in 2015, 2016, and 2017. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample volume: where P = q = 0.5 at the significance level of 5%, and N represented the statistical population. Since the number of hospitalized MRIs during these three years was 1,617, 1,499, and 2,090, the sample size was 310, 305, and 325. Finally, 940 cases were included in the study. The samples were randomly selected. MRI request indexes design and data were collected based on the AIM guidelines. Finally, by choosing specific indications based on the brain and spinal MRI guidelines and adding indications to software and data, they were analyzed using the SPSS23 software and chi‐square test. Chi ‐ squares test was used to measure the significance of the data.ResultsAccording to the present study and based on the indications and diagnoses related to brain and spinal cord diseases extracted from inpatients' records, 20% of prescriptions were unnecessary; of all unnecessary requested MRIs, 70.8% related to the brain and 29.2% to the spine. Moreover, the notable point was the lack of MRI response in 18.3% of the cases. In this study, 35% (most) of the unnecessary MRIs were prescribed by physicians with non‐neurological and non‐orthopedic specialties. On the other hand, non‐stamped MRI requests accounted for a significantly higher share of unnecessary MRIs (49.8%). Examining physicians' type of activity and work experience shows that the highest share of unnecessary prescriptions (almost 50%) was related to physicians' non‐stamped records.ConclusionFactors such as professional certainty, more time for examination, prescription of MRI by a related physician, supervision of professors of the medical department on the prescriptions of less experienced physicians, failure to perform MRI of unstamped files by master or residents by the imaging center, and the need to use indications Guideline‐compliant prescriptions can reduce unnecessary patient and health system. So, it is essential to consider some aspects for reducing unnecessary requests in any subject of the health system.
Asymmetric effect of macroeconomic variables on the emerging stock indices: A quantile ARDL approach
Authors: Hashmi Shabir Mohsin , Chang Bisharat Hussain 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the short‐run and long‐run impact of macroeconomic variables on E7 stock indices across bullish, bearish and normal states of the stock markets. For this purpose, this study uses both autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and quantile ARDL (QARDL) models. The findings based on the ARDL model indicate that, in the long‐run, foreign direct investment (FDI), trade balance and industrial production index (IPI) significantly affect emerging stock indices. In addition, the findings based on the QARDL model indicate that the short‐run effect of FDI, consumer price index, interest rate and exchange rate varies across bullish, bearish and normal states of the emerging stock markets, whereas the long‐run effect varies for all macroeconomic variables except IPI. These findings indicate that the results change when QARDL model is used; however, these findings remain same across seven emerging stock indices. Finally, this study proposes important policy recommendations based on the findings of this study.
Effects of three contraceptive methods on depression and sexual function: An ancillary study of the ECHO randomized trial
Authors: Singata‐Madliki Mandisa , Carayon‐Lefebvre d’Hellencourt Florence , Lawrie Theresa A. , Balakrishna Yusentha , Hofmeyr G. Justus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA‐IM), levonorgestrel (LNG) implant, and copper intrauterine device (IUD) on mood and sexual function.MethodsAt the Effective Care Research Unit in South Africa, women already randomized in the ECHO Trial to the three methods were asked to participate in this study. Participants were interviewed at 3 and 12 months after enrollment using the Beck Depression Inventory and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale, and at 12 months using the WHO‐5 Wellbeing Index and the Patient Global Impression scale.ResultsA total of 605 women participated. There was little difference in depression at 3 months across the three study groups. Contrary to our hypothesis, at 12 months, depression was lowest among DMPA‐IM users (16/167, 9.6%) and highest among IUD users (28/158, 17.7%) (p = 0.032). There was little difference in sexual function at any time‐point. More women in the DMPA‐IM group felt “very much better” on the PGI scale than in the IUD and LNG implant groups (p = 0.003).ConclusionDepression may be less likely with DMPA‐IM than with the other methods 1 year after initiation. Major differences in sexual functioning are unlikely. Unhappiness related to not using DMPA‐IM, the most popular method in our setting, may have skewed results.Trial registration number: PACTR201706001651380.
Design considerations for patient‐centered eHealth interventions in an underserved context: A case of health and wellbeing services within Nairobi's informal settlements in Kenya
Authors: Nyatuka Danny Ronald , De La Harpe Retha 
Published: January 2021

AbstracteHealth offers the opportunity to transform the health sector. Unfortunately, eHealth interventions in underserved contexts continue to remain deficient due challenges such as the design‐reality gap, fragmentation, and high implementation costs, etc. This situation hampers the delivery of anticipated results from such projects. Furthermore, the voice of patients is hardly heard concerning the design of these interventions. The study sought to establish participants' views on how patient‐centered eHealth interventions may be designed in a resource‐constrained, Sub‐Saharan African context to deliver value. This was a qualitative study conducted across six government health facilities within Nairobi's informal settlements in Kenya. Data collection involved in‐depth interviews (n = 24), focus group discussions (n = 23) and observation. Participants comprised of Facility In‐Charge, clients, community health workers, medical staff, and ICT experts. Interviews and discussions explored participant's perceptions of the quality of health care, challenges faced, and the potential of eHealth in improving health care delivery. Thematic analysis was performed using manual coding whereby eight data themes emerged including: data access, contextualization, health IT utilization, implementation, integration, stakeholders, quality, and user‐centered design (UCD). The themes were then used to derive a theoretical framework to guide the designing and implementation of patient‐centered eHealth interventions in the Kenyan context.