bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enactivism and the Paradox of Moral Perception
Authors: Van Grunsven Janna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper I home in on an ethical phenomenon that is powerfully elucidated by means of enactive resources but that has, to my knowledge, not yet been explicitly addressed in the literature. The phenomenon in question concerns what I will term the paradox of moral perception, which, to be clear, does not refer to a logical but to a phenomenological-practical paradoxicality. Specifically, I have in mind the seemingly contradictory phenomenon that perceiving persons as moral subjects is at once incredibly easy and incredibly difficult; it is something we do nearly effortlessly and successfully all the time without giving it much thought and it is something that often requires effort and that we fail at all the time (also often without giving it much thought). As I will argue, enactivism offers distinctive resources for explaining the paradoxical nature of moral perception. These resources, moreover, bring out two important dimensions of ethical life that are frequently overlooked in contemporary ethical theory: namely the embodied and socio-technical environment-embedded dimensions of moral perception and moral visibility. As I make my argument, I will be connecting enactivism with insights from David Hume’s and Iris Murdoch’s moral philosophy as well as insights from the field of Epistemic Injustice. As such, I aim to situate enactivism within the larger theoretical ethical landscape; showing connections with existing ethical theories and identifying some of the ways in which enactivism offers unique contributions to our understanding of ethical life. While doing so, I will furthermore introduce two forms of moral misperception: particular moral misperception and categorial moral misperception.
Where I Belong: Identification Processes of Young Volunteers in Super-Diverse Cities
Authors: Lehner Marie , Mattes Astrid , van Breugel Ilona , Reeger Ursula , Scholten Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the context of super-diverse cities, scholars and policy makers are increasingly interested in the potential of volunteering to establish identification for newcomers and locals alike. In this paper, we address the question of how young volunteers in Rotterdam and Vienna negotiate belonging within their super-diverse surroundings. Our exploratory study builds on a cross-national research project in which we collected qualitative interview data from volunteering youth. We follow a weak-theory approach and conceptualise belonging as emotional, procedural, and relational. We trace identification processes of newcomers and locals in terms of belonging through volunteering in urban contexts of super-diversity. Our paper demonstrates that volunteering serves as a vehicle for feelings of belonging and inclusion for young volunteers, specifically addressing the urban super-diversity of Vienna and Rotterdam. Our research also indicates the partiality and temporality of volunteering as a source of belonging and the function of volunteering as a structure of inclusion, not necessarily enabling structural inclusion.
Comparison of antibody and T cell responses elicited by BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy adult humans
Authors: Vályi-Nagy István , Matula Zsolt , Gönczi Márton , Tasnády Szabolcs , Bekő Gabriella , Réti Marienn , Ajzner Éva , Uher Ferenc 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the present study, humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses elicited by BBIBP-CorV (inactivated virus) and BNT162b2 (mRNA-based) vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus were compared. Convalescent volunteers were also investigated to evaluate adaptive immunity induced by live virus. Although both vaccines induced antibody- and T cell-mediated immune responses, our analysis revealed significant quantitative and qualitative differences between the two types of challenges. The BBIBP-CorV vaccine elicited antireceptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG, as well as anti-spike protein (S) IgG and IgA antibodies in healthy individuals, the levels of which were much lower than after BNT162b2 vaccination but still higher than in the convalescent patients. The cumulative IFNγ-positive T cell response, however, was only twofold higher in participants injected with BNT162b2 compared to those who were primed and boosted with BBIBP-CorV vaccine. Moreover, the inactivated virus vaccine induced T cell response that targets not only the S but also the nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins, whereas the mRNA vaccine was able to elicit a much narrower response that targets the S protein epitopes only. Thus, the pattern of BBIBP-CorV-induced T cell response in virus-naive participants was similar to the cell-mediated anti-SARS-CoV-2 response observed in convalescent patients. Based on these data, we can conclude that the BBIBP-CorV inactivated virus vaccine is immunologically effective. However, the duration of BBIBP-CorV-induced integrated, antibody, and T cell-mediated, immune responses needs further investigation.
High Strain Rate Deformation Behavior and Recrystallization of Alloy 718
Authors: Moretti Marie Anna , Dalai Biswajit , Åkerström Paul , Arvieu Corinne , Jacquin Dimitri , Lacoste Eric , Lindgren Lars-Erik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo study the deformation behavior and recrystallization of alloy 718 in annealed and aged state, compression tests were performed using Split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) at high strain rates (1000 to 4000 s−1), for temperatures between 20$$^\circ $$∘C and 1100$$^\circ $$∘C (293 K to 1373 K). Optical microscope (OM) and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) technique were employed to characterize the microstructural evolution of the alloy. The stress–strain curves show that the flow stress level decreases with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. In addition, up to 1000$$^\circ $$∘C, the aged material presents higher strength and is more resistant to deformation than the annealed one, with a yield strength around 400 MPa higher. For both states, dynamic and meta-dynamic recrystallization occurred when the material is deformed at 1000$$^\circ $$∘C and 1100$$^\circ $$∘C, leading to a refinement of the microstructure. As necklace structures were identified, discontinuous recrystallization is considered to be the main recrystallization mechanism. The recrystallization kinetics is faster for higher temperatures, as the fraction of recrystallized grains is higher and the average recrystallized grain size is larger after deformation at 1100$$^\circ $$∘C than after deformation at 1000$$^\circ $$∘C.
Role of Ureteroscopy in Treatment of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Ng Chieng Hin Jeremy , Hettiarachchilage Dinul , Gravestock Paul , Rai Bhavan , Somani Bhaskar K. , Veeratterapillay Rajan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewUpper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is uncommon accounting for less than 10% of all urothelial tumours. Ureteroscopic management (URS) is the first line treatment for low-risk disease and has been increasingly utilised due to technological advances and increasing surgical experience. This review looks at patient outcomes relating to URS, emerging technologies and the role of adjuvant intracavitary therapy in the management of UTUC.Recent FindingsURS has firmly established itself in the management algorithm for UTUC, and a good body of evidence supports its use for low-risk disease, wherein oncological outcomes are comparable to traditional nephroureterectomy (RNU). Larger tumours can now be managed using URS with a lower morbidity than radical surgery, though with higher associated local recurrence rate and risk of progression to RNU, and as a result, patient selection and close surveillance remains key. There is limited evidence for adjuvant intracavitary therapy (Mitomycin C or BCG) in UTUC although the development of novel polymers and biodegradable stents may improve drug delivery to the upper urinary tract.SummaryURS has a clearly defined role in low-risk UTUC, and its use in larger tumours appears to be appropriate in a selected cohort of patients. The efficacy of adjuvant intracavitary therapy is as of yet undetermined, though developments in delivery techniques are promising. Likewise further developments of laser technology are anticipated to further expand the role of URS.
Oxygen-Induced and pH-Induced Direct Current Artifacts on Invasive Platinum/Iridium Electrodes for Electrocorticography
Authors: Major Sebastian , Gajovic-Eichelmann Nenad , Woitzik Johannes , Dreier Jens P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Spreading depolarization (SD) and the initial, still reversible phase of neuronal cytotoxic edema in the cerebral gray matter are two modalities of the same process. SD may thus serve as a real-time mechanistic biomarker for impending parenchyma damage in patients during neurocritical care. Using subdural platinum/iridium (Pt/Ir) electrodes, SD is observed as a large negative direct current (DC) shift. Besides SD, there are other causes of DC shifts that are not to be confused with SD. Here, we systematically analyzed DC artifacts in ventilated patients by observing changes in the fraction of inspired oxygen. For the same change in blood oxygenation, we found that negative and positive DC shifts can simultaneously occur at adjacent Pt/Ir electrodes.

Methods
Nurses and intensivists typically increase blood oxygenation by increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen at the ventilator before performing manipulations on the patient. We retrospectively identified 20 such episodes in six patients via tissue partial pressure of oxygen (ptiO2) measurements with an intracortical O2 sensor and analyzed the associated DC shifts. In vitro, we compared Pt/Ir with silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) to assess DC responses to changes in pO2, pH, or 5-min square voltage pulses and investigated the effect of electrode polarization on pO2-induced DC artifacts.

Results
Hyperoxygenation episodes started from a ptiO2 of 37 (30–40) mmHg (median and interquartile range) reaching 71 (50–97) mmHg. During a total of 20 episodes on each of six subdural Pt/Ir electrodes in six patients, we observed 95 predominantly negative responses in six patients, 25 predominantly positive responses in four patients, and no brain activity changes. Adjacent electrodes could show positive and negative responses simultaneously. In vitro, Pt/Ir in contrast with Ag/AgCl responded to changes in either pO2 or pH with large DC shifts. In response to square voltage pulses, Pt/Ir falsely showed smaller DC shifts than Ag/AgCl, with the worst performance under anoxia. In response to pO2 increase, Pt/Ir showed DC positivity when positively polarized and DC negativity when negatively polarized.

Conclusions
The magnitude of pO2-induced subdural DC shifts by approximately 6 mV was similar to that of SDs, but they did not show a sequential onset at adjacent recording sites, could be either predominantly negative or positive in contrast with the always negative DC shifts of SD, and were not accompanied by brain activity depression. Opposing polarities of pO2-induced DC artifacts may result from differences in baseline electrode polarization or subdural ptiO2 inhomogeneities relative to subdermal ptiO2 at the quasi-reference.
Context-Based Resilience in Cyber-Physical Production System
Authors: Bagozi Ada , Bianchini Devis , Antonellis Valeria De 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCyber-physical systems are hybrid networked cyber and engineered physical elements that record data (e.g. using sensors), analyse them using connected services, influence physical processes and interact with human actors using multi-channel interfaces. Examples of CPS interacting with humans in industrial production environments are the so-called cyber-physical production systems (CPPS), where operators supervise the industrial machines, according to the human-in-the-loop paradigm. In this scenario, research challenges for implementing CPPS resilience, promptly reacting to faults, concern: (i) the complex structure of CPPS, which cannot be addressed as a monolithic system, but as a dynamic ecosystem of single CPS interacting and influencing each other; (ii) the volume, velocity and variety of data (Big Data) on which resilience is based, which call for novel methods and techniques to ensure recovery procedures; (iii) the involvement of human factors in these systems. In this paper, we address the design of resilient cyber-physical production systems (R-CPPS) in digital factories by facing these challenges. Specifically, each component of the R-CPPS is modelled as a smart machine, that is, a cyber-physical system equipped with a set of recovery services, a Sensor Data API used to collect sensor data acquired from the physical side for monitoring the component behaviour, and an operator interface for displaying detected anomalous conditions and notifying necessary recovery actions to on-field operators. A context-based mediator, at shop floor level, is in charge of ensuring resilience by gathering data from the CPPS, selecting the proper recovery actions and invoking corresponding recovery services on the target CPS. Finally, data summarisation and relevance evaluation techniques are used for supporting the identification of anomalous conditions in the presence of high volume and velocity of data collected through the Sensor Data API. The approach is validated in a food industry real case study.
Humanising brain injury rehabilitation: a qualitative study examining humanising approaches to engagement in the context of a storytelling advocacy programme
Authors: D’Cruz Kate , Douglas Jacinta , Serry Tanya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectives:Building upon the findings of an earlier study that explored the experience and impact of narrative storytelling following acquired brain injury (ABI), this study sought to examine the engagement of storytelling facilitators with storytellers.Methods:Transcripts of in-depth interviews conducted with six storytelling facilitators were analysed drawing upon content analysis. The analysis included a process of mapping previously analysed data (D’Cruz et al., 2020b) to a humanising values framework (Galvin & Todres, 2013; Todres et al., 2009).Results:The findings of this study provide insights into how facilitators engaged in humanising practice within the context of a storytelling advocacy programme. The facilitator participants ranged in years of facilitation experience from 1 to 11 years, with a mix of professional backgrounds, including health care (3), journalism (1) and community development (2). Analysed facilitator data mapped to each of the eight dimensions of the framework (insiderness, agency, uniqueness, togetherness, sense-making, personal journey, sense of place and embodiment), with a breadth of codes represented in each dimension, revealing the depth of humanisation.Conclusions:This study extends our understanding of approaches to engagement with adults living with ABI, demonstrating the humanising potential of storytelling. Furthermore, the findings help us to think about what it means to be human, guiding us to find ways to better partner with and support adults living with brain injury.
Essential Professional Competencies for Basic Midwifery Practice in Disasters: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mirmohammad Ali Ie Mandana , Nikbakht Nasrabadi Alireza , Sohrabizadeh Sanaz , Khani Jazani Reaza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:Educated midwives have a range of abilities to use their skills in normal situations. Given that working under normal situations is different from critical conditions, the recognition of skills and competencies required for midwifery practice is important. The purpose of this study was to explore specific professional competencies that midwives need to have for the provision of reproductive health services during disasters.Methods:This was a qualitative study using a content analysis method. Subjects were 19 midwives with the work experience of practice in disaster situations. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysis was based on the approach suggested by Graneheim and Lundman.Results:Six major categories developed in this study were “safe pregnancy,” “safe childbirth,” “women’s health care,” “contraception,” “violence and sexually transmitted infections,” and “infant care.”Conclusions:Midwives can play a very important role in the provision of reproductive health services. Therefore, they must have special capabilities and capacities. Policies and curriculum development are recommended in accordance with the needs of reproductive health in disaster-affected communities.
The dietary arachidonic acid improved growth and immunity of honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica)
Authors: Yu Jing , Zhang Weixing , Chi Xuepeng , Chen Wenfeng , Li Zhenfang , Wang Ying , Liu Zhenguo , Wang Hongfang , Xu Baohua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHoneybees cannot synthesize arachidonic acid (ARA) themselves, only obtain it from food. Most pollen is deficient or contains a small amount of ARA. The necessity of supplementary ARA in bees’ diet has not been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary ARA levels on the growth and immunity ofApis mellifera ligustica. A total of 25 honeybee colonies were randomly assigned to five dietary groups which were fed basic diets supplemented with 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% of ARA. The diet with 4% ARA improved the body weight of newly emerged worker bees compared with the control group. Supplement of ARA in honeybee diets changed the fatty acid composition of honeybee body. SFA and MUFA contents of bees’ body declined, and PUFA content rised in the ARA group. Compared with the control group, the supplement of ARA in honeybee diets increased the contents of ARA, C22:6n-3 (DHA) and C18:3n-6 in bees’ body significantly, but decreased the contents of C16:1 and C18:3n-3. The diet supplied with 4% ARA reduced the mortality rate of honeybee infected withEscherichia coli. The activity of immune enzymes (phenoloxidase, antitrypsin, and lysozyme) and the mRNA expression levels of immune genes (defensin-2,toll,myd88, anddorsal) were improved by ARA diets to varying degrees depending on the ARA levels, especially 4% ARA. These results suggested that dietary ARA could improve the growth, survival, and immune functions of honeybees. Supplement of ARA in bees’ diet would be valuable for the fitness of honeybees.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CHALLENGES IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE
Authors: Pestritto Ronald J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFollowing the Roosevelt administration’s implementation of New Deal programs in the 1930s, the federal courts began to interpret the Constitution in a way that accommodated the rise of the “administrative state,” and bureaucratic policymaking continues to persist as a central feature of American government today. This essay submits, however, that the three pillars supporting the administrative state—the congressional delegation of Article I powers to the executive branch, the combination of powers within individual administrative entities, and the insulation of administrators from political control—might be reconsidered by the courts in the near future. After showing that the constitutionality of the administrative state has come under recent judicial scrutiny, the essay turns to the administrative law principle of deference, and argues that a reassessment of the Chevron doctrine seems imminent. Finally, the essay examines federal courts’ heavy use of “hard look” review as a means of curtailing agency discretion during recent administrations, and concludes that this judicial practice stands in uneasy tension with republican principles.
Machine learning algorithms for predicting undernutrition among under-five children in Ethiopia
Authors: Bitew Fikrewold H , Sparks Corey S , Nyarko Samuel H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Child undernutrition is a global public health problem with serious implications. In this study, we estimate predictive algorithms for the determinants of childhood stunting by using various machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Design:
This study draws on data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey of 2016. Five ML algorithms including eXtreme gradient boosting, k-nearest neighbours (k-NN), random forest, neural network and the generalised linear models were considered to predict the socio-demographic risk factors for undernutrition in Ethiopia.

Setting:
Households in Ethiopia.

Participants:
A total of 9471 children below 5 years of age participated in this study.

Results:
The descriptive results show substantial regional variations in child stunting, wasting and underweight in Ethiopia. Also, among the five ML algorithms, xgbTree algorithm shows a better prediction ability than the generalised linear mixed algorithm. The best predicting algorithm (xgbTree) shows diverse important predictors of undernutrition across the three outcomes which include time to water source, anaemia history, child age greater than 30 months, small birth size and maternal underweight, among others.

Conclusions:
The xgbTree algorithm was a reasonably superior ML algorithm for predicting childhood undernutrition in Ethiopia compared to other ML algorithms considered in this study. The findings support improvement in access to water supply, food security and fertility regulation, among others, in the quest to considerably improve childhood nutrition in Ethiopia.
Home-delivered meal programme participants may be at greater risk of malnutrition without the meal programme
Authors: Sakr-Ashour Fayrouz A , Wambogo Edwina , Song Hee-Jung , Sahyoun Nadine R 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectives:(1) To examine total quality of foods consumed on the day a home-delivered meal (HDM) of the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAANSP) was served, and when a HDM was not served; and (2) to estimate proportion of HDM participants and non-participants meeting the daily average recommendations for guidance-based foods and nutrients.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Data were obtained from the national 2015–2017 Outcomes Evaluation Study of HDM participants in the USA.Participants:Adults aged 67 years and older (n 1227), 620 HDM recipients and 607 matching non-participants examined in three groups: (1) meal recipients who received a HDM on the day of the 24-h dietary recall; (2) no-meal recipients who did not receive a HDM on the day of the recall and (3) matching HDM non-participants.Results:Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010 scores of HDM participants were significantly lower on the day the meal was not received compared with when a meal was received (52·5 v. 63·4, P < 0·0001). There was no significant difference in the total HEI-2010 scores of HDM meal recipients and HDM non-participants. Despite the meal, less than 20 % of HDM participants and non-participants met the 2010-Diet Guidelines for Americans recommended average daily intake for fruit, vegetables, dairy, protein foods and solid fats.Conclusion:HDM participants’ diet quality is poorer when they do not receive a meal putting them at increased risk of malnutrition. Expanding the OAANSP to offer meals on weekends and/or to include more than one meal/d is recommended to improve the diet of this vulnerable population.