bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Neville Kate J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter asks the core question of the book: What explains the grievances that underpin different energy projects, and how can we understand convergent dynamics of contention and resistance in very different places? It then sets out the central argument, that the emergence of grievances and the patterns of resistance depend on three intersecting political economy factors: the finance, ownership, and trade relations of energy projects and commodities. Together, the chapter explains, these factors create the conditions that provoke or mitigate community grievances, and thus mobilization. The chapter introduces the two case studies of the book—biofuels in Kenya and fracking in Canada’s Yukon territory—considering the energy frontiers that are represented by these new technologies in places at the margins of political and economic power. The resistance that emerges in response to energy projects involves a complex interplay between political economy and contentious politics.
Catalyzing Local Contention
Authors: Neville Kate J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Drawing on the global debates over biofuels and fracking, this chapter develops the core theoretical approach of the book, bringing together insights from contentious politics and political economy scholarship. The chapter details three central mechanisms of mobilization: scale shifts, identity activation, and brokerage. It specifies how key elements of political economy—that is, the conditions of finance and investment, ownership and control, and trade and patterns of exchange across global and local levels—can catalyze those mechanisms of contention. This theory-building chapter brings attention to how competing narratives and strategic discourses around biofuels and fracking were constructed at the global level, through issue linkages, scientific uncertainty, and the role of key symbols in these debates. The chapter thus establishes the basis for analyzing contestation over proposals for biofuels in sub-Saharan Africa and fracking in northern North America in the chapters that follow.
Questionable Research Practices (QRPs) and Their Devastating Scientific Effects
Authors: Bausell R. Barker 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The linchpin of both publication bias and irreproducibility involves an exhaustive list of more than a score of individually avoidable questionable research practices (QRPs) supplemented by 10 inane institutional research practices. While these untoward effects on the production of false-positive results are unsettling, a far more entertaining (in a masochistic sort of way) pair of now famous iconoclastic experiments conducted by Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn are presented in which, with the help of only a few well-chosen QRPs, research participants can actually become older after simply listening to a Beatle’s song. In addition, surveys designed to estimate the prevalence of these and other QRPs in the published literatures are also described.
The Replication Process
Authors: Bausell R. Barker 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While replication of research is the ultimate arbitrator of reproducibility, the process is a bit more complex than it appears. And, like any empirical study, a replication can itself be wrong. However, replications are the best tool available for determining reproducibility if (a) they employ sufficient statistical power; (b) they follow the original study procedures as closely as possible (sans any questionable research practices present therein); (c) their investigators are able to obtain the necessary information, advice, and materials from the original authors; and (d) the replication protocol is preregistered. The chapter describes different types of replications, such as exact (seldom possible for experimental research), direct (the recommended approach, which involves employing the same methodological procedures, outcome variables, and statistical approaches as the original study), conceptual (not recommended since they customarily presume the original results to be correct and are conducted to determine the extent to which said results can be extended), self (primarily useful for the original investigators to convince themselves of the validity of a finding via a replication of an original study to ensure that its results are reproducible), and partial (seldom necessary but useful when there is no alternative, such as when all of the procedures cannot be duplicated for ethical reasons).
Introduction
Authors: Pugh Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The introductory chapter previews the main argument and lays out the scope of the book, defines several of the key concepts that will be used throughout the book (including justifying the usage of the term “migrant” and making explicit the interlinking relationship between human security and peace), provides a brief historical context of the case study of Colombian forced migrants in Ecuador, and presents a rationale for the significance of the book. It also previews the remaining chapters and the key points made in them in order to sketch the progression of the core argument that is developed throughout the book.
Political Invisibility and Migrants’ Networked Governance Strategies in Ecuador
Authors: Pugh Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chapter 7 illustrates how the invisibility bargain has shaped the opportunities and limitations constraining Colombian migrants in Ecuador, and how they have responded to pursue access to rights, resources, recognition, and protection. It shows that the strategies that migrants pursue most often are those that are individual and do not require collective action, but that the strategies that work are those that do not require overt claims made on the state that could invoke a backlash from the host population. Instead, informal brokering, indirect strategies, and coalition building were all associated with better access to the governance network, and as a result, better human security outcomes. The empirical cases of the 2008 constitution, Enhanced Registration, and the Interagency Program for Peace and Development in the northern border zone illustrate the mechanisms through which networked governance has improved migrant human security in Ecuador, as well as the limitations and risks.
Stolen Valor
Authors: Sunstein Cass R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In 2012, the US Supreme Court ruled, for the first time in its history, that lies and falsehoods are protected by the US Constitution. In the relevant case, a politician said that he had won the Congressional Medal of Honor, which was a palpable lie. Referring to the risks that would come from an Orwellian Ministry of Truth, the Court ruled that the government could not punish that lie. The Court was quite right to say that some false statements are protected by the Constitution, but its decision was wrong, even preposterous. A lie is worse than an innocent mistake, or even a negligent one, and if a politician says that he obtained a great honor, he imposes real harm on the public. The Court’s decision seems especially ill-considered in light of the nature and power of modern social media. It should not be read to say that falsehoods and lies are generally protected by the Constitution.
The War Lords and the Gallipoli Disaster
Authors: Lambert Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This book offers a new history of an old subject: the genesis of Britain’s disastrous 1915 Dardanelles campaign. It also offers a new history of a new subject—the strategic implications of globalization—because in order to comprehend the former, it is necessary to grasp the latter. Thanks to the development of the international wheat market during the late nineteenth century, the British government came to realize that the national dependence upon imported food had become the Achilles heel of the British Empire. The book shows how the disruption of the global wheat trade during the early months of the First World War exceeded the government’s worst nightmare. By January 1915, the rising price of bread and consequent threat of social unrest required a political response. It came in the form of a seemingly unrelated event: the disastrous British attack at Gallipoli in the spring of 1915. Contrary to all previous narratives which argue this was done for the military–strategic objective of relieving pressure on the Western Front, this books demonstrates that the British government authorized the attack for mainly political–economic reasons: to open the flow of grain from Russia through the Dardanelles in order to bring down the politically dangerous level of bread prices in Britain, and to enable Russia to export wheat and earn foreign exchange that would obviate the need for huge British loans to support its war effort. In so doing, the book offers a case study of grand strategic policymaking under pressure.
Introduction
Authors: Lambert Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The genesis of Britain’s 1915 Dardanelles campaign, or Gallipoli operation, has been traditionally understood in a military–diplomatic context—as a way to find an alternative to the stalemate of the Western Front. This book shows that in fact the War Council authorized the operation for mainly political–economic reasons, stemming from anxiety over rising domestic food prices and a reluctance to provide their Russian ally with massive loans. The responsible officials then misled the 1916 Dardanelles Commission, appointed by Parliament to investigate the disaster, over the origins and inception of the operation, by having Maurice Hankey, the secretary to the War Council, steer the inquiry in certain directions and away from others. The effects of their deception are visible in all subsequent books on the subject.
The Turkish Irritant
Authors: Lambert Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The world war that began in the summer of 1914 confirmed widespread prewar expectations that a third war in the Balkans could drag in the superpowers. In the weeks that followed, Turkey, still neutral, became increasingly belligerent. British government policy was to appease Turkey in order to avoid conflict. Churchill disagreed with this policy, believing that war with Turkey was unavoidable and that the sooner it came, the better. At his instigation, the government reviewed contingency war plans to capture the Gallipoli but found that Britain lacked the resources to implement them. After Turkey joined the Central Powers in November 1914, Britain had no strategy for prosecuting the war against Turkey. But the British government was not much concerned, incorrectly believing that Turkey was incapable of hurting any vital British interests.
The Beggar Giant
Authors: Lambert Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
During late 1914, British strategic policy was to buttress France and wait for the Russian army to win the war against Germany. None of the allies was willing to make financial sacrifices for the greater strategic good if doing so risked endangering their postwar position. The weak economic and financial supports undergirding the Russian war machine, however, imperiled Britain’s hopes that its eastern ally could defeat Germany. Turkish entry into the war exacerbated Russia’s financial problems by preventing the export of Russian wheat through the Dardanelles. Not only did this cut the global supply of wheat by a third and cause grain prices to spiral, it also cut Russia off from its main source of foreign exchange and caused its international creditworthiness to collapse. At the end of 1914, Russia demanded massive loans from Britain to stay in the war, which Britain was reluctant to give.
Not Such a Bargain
Authors: Lambert Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Despite general approval for an operation at the Dardanelles, it was not at all clear what exactly had been decided on January 28—or rather what a decision actually meant when situation was evolving so quickly. Throughout February 1915, Admiral Fisher implored certain members of the War Council to reconsider. Other options for British strategic policy remained in play, especially the previous decision for an offensive in the Balkans. Meanwhile, fear of social unrest in India caused the Indian government to embargo the export of wheat, placing further upward pressure on wheat prices and heightening concerns over food riots in Britain. As confusion reigned in London, the Royal Navy commenced its attack at Dardanelles. Overly optimistic assessments from the admiral in command caused London to expect victory within weeks. A deterioration in Russia’s military position added further urgency to the operation.
Living Law
Authors: Vatter Miguel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis book discusses the political theology developed by German Jewish philosophy in the 20th century on the basis of its original reconstruction of the teachings of Jewish prophetology. In the shadow of the modern experiences with anti-Semitism, the rise of Zionism, and the return of charismatic authority in mass societies, the discourse of Jewish political theology advances the radical hypothesis that the messianic idea of God’s Kingdom correlates with a post-sovereignty, anarchist political condition of radical non-domination. However, this messianic form of democracy, far from being antinomian, was combined with the ideal of cosmopolitan constitutionalism, itself based on the identity of divine law and natural law. This book examines the paradoxical unity of anarchy and rule of law in the democratic political theology developed by Hermann Cohen, Franz Rosenzweig, Gershom Scholem, Leo Strauss, and Hannah Arendt. Critical of the Christian theological underpinnings of modern “representative” political institutions, this group of highly original thinkers took up the banner of Philo’s project to unify Greek philosophy with Judaism, so influential for medieval Islamic and Jewish philosophy, and rejected the separation between faith and reason, biblical revelation and pagan philosophy. The Jewish political theology they developed stands for the idea that human redemption is inseparable from the redemption of nature.
Hermann Cohen and Socialist Democracy
Authors: Vatter Miguel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter is dedicated to Hermann Cohen’s renewal of Jewish theologico-political thought. Cohen is the first to establish an internal, systematic connection between the Jewish messianic idea and a universalistic conception of democracy. He articulates a political theology of socialist democracy, not based on the analogy between One God and One King, but on that between One God and One Humanity. Cohen rejected Zionism as a solution to the political problem caused by the condition of minority nationality in which the Jewish people lived in European states. But he did not believe in assimilation either. He maintained that its messianic religion assigned the Jewish people the task of pointing the way to an international order based not on state sovereignty but on the supremacy of international law founded on human rights that recognized the plurality and right to self-determination of nationalities.
Gauging (Perceived) Corruption
Authors: Shaw Daron R. , Roberts Brian E. , Baek Mijeong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 aims to gauge both the reality of, as well as public opinion on, the central issue of corruption. It investigates public opinion on corruption among elected officials, source of corruption, effectiveness of laws and regulations in mitigating corruption, support for campaign finance reforms, etc. The data strongly suggest that people think corruption is rampant despite limited evidence that quid pro quo corruption is anything more than a minor problem. This fundamental attitude has not changed much in the wake of the Citizens United decision. Furthermore, they believe the problem is mostly intractable and that most of the commonly proposed reforms of the campaign finance system will not work. Nevertheless, they still support these reforms. Moving from simple descriptive data to more associational analyses, this chapter also explores the effect of campaign finance laws on campaign spending and then the effect of both on corruption attitudes. The results are not what the Court would have expected.
Introduction
Authors: Krzych Scott 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Identifying the fact that conservative political media often produces confusion or bewilderment for viewers who encounter it but do not share its ideological assumptions—How could anyone believe this nonsense? is a likely refrain—the Introduction makes clear that incoherence is a constitutive feature of hysterical political discourse. This manner of political discourse seeks to perpetuate a feeling of affective turmoil for its intended audience as a means to deflect attention from more concrete or productive forms of democratic disagreement or exchange. The Introduction likewise argues that hysterical discourse can be understood as an extension of several key terms and concepts taken up in the work of such prominent political theorists as Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe, Jodi Dean, and Jacques Rancière.
Criminal Asset Forfeiture as a Political Tool?
Authors: Boyd Christina L. , Nelson Michael J. , Ostrander Ian , Boldt Ethan D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
When do U.S. Attorneys use their powers to seize the assets of criminal defendants? After introducing federal criminal asset forfeiture, the chapter details the close connection between criminal forfeiture and prosecutors’ political motivations by tracing the evolution of forfeiture policy in federal laws and Supreme Court opinions. To examine how presidential and congressional signals affect prosecutors’ decisions in this domain, we analyze criminal forfeitures in 89 federal districts from 1996 to 2013. As was the case with other prosecutorial decisions, our results indicate that criminal forfeiture serves as another important way that U.S. Attorneys respond to political signals from political superiors on the importance of prioritizing the fight of federal crime. We conclude by comparing criminal forfeitures to civil asset forfeitures, suggesting that federal prosecutors and the DOJ have largely replaced controversy-prone civil asset forfeitures with their less controversial cousin.
The Germanic Tradition
Authors: Peters B. Guy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Like the Napoleonic tradition, the Germanic tradition of public administration is based on law. In addition it is based on the ideas of Max Weber about the nature of a proper public bureaucracy, including factors such as the bureaucrat acting according to the law and obeying hierarchical superiors, the presence of files, and some form of accountability. In addition to the legal foundation, several other features stand out concerning the Germanic administrative tradition. One is the acceptance of political connections for the upper echelons of the administrative system. Another important feature is the limited concern with uniformity, given the federal structure of government, even given the common administrative law within the country. Also, the German administrative system has some corporatist elements, involving social actors in government decisions. Like the Napoleonic tradition, the Germanic tradition has also been diffused to countries such as Austria and Switzerland.
The Scandinavian Tradition
Authors: Peters B. Guy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Scandinavian countries have a distinctive administrative tradition, although there is a good deal of variance among the four countries on some aspects of public administration. Although all democratic countries have some separation between administration and politics, this tends to be more pronounced in the Scandinavian countries, especially Sweden. Second, the administrative systems are closely linked with social actors through corporatist or corporate pluralist systems. This representation of the social interests is one component of an emphasis on participation in the public sector. And finally, public administration in these countries is responsible for delivering a large array of services associated with the welfare state. Despite the emphasis on the welfare state, public administration in these countries has been more open to New Public Management than the administrative systems in continental countries.
The European Union as a Distinctive Tradition?
Authors: Peters B. Guy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The bureaucracy of the European Union, housed within the European Commission, is different from most other bureaucracies. It does very little implementation—that is done by the member states—and focuses on making policies. In addition, this bureaucracy employs individuals from all the member states, and many of those employees are in Brussels for only a short time before returning to their national bureaucracies. The question posed in this chapter is whether the bureaucracy of the European Union has been able to develop an administrative tradition of its own, or whether it is merely an amalgam of the traditions of the member states. Yet another option is that each Directorate General within the Commission has its own distinctive culture, based in part on the policy domain for which it is responsible and the individuals employed.
Other Administrative Traditions
Authors: Peters B. Guy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The four traditions constituting the bulk of this book are from Western Europe. This chapter expands the analysis to look at four other administrative traditions. One is Central and Eastern Europe. Some countries in this region have been heavily influenced by Western European traditions, especially those of the former Hapsburg Empire, but they also display a number of distinctive features. A second tradition is Islamic administration, which has been influenced both by religion and by national cultures. Third, there is Asian public administration, and the question of the importance of the Confucian model is a central question when dealing with this tradition. Finally, there is administration in Latin America, still influenced by its Iberian past but which has been influenced also by the Napoleonic tradition and to a lesser extent by the United States. The same elements of administrative traditions used in reference to Western European countries are applied to these four traditions.
A Good Innings? The Demise of Collectivism in (Mostly) Private Pensions Provision
Authors: Berry Craig 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn UK private pensions provision, collectivism has not quite gone, but it is in danger of being forgotten. This chapter focuses mainly upon defined benefit occupational pensions in the private sector, albeit in the context of wider collectivist commitments in dominant forms of provision, and indeed acknowledging that the state plays a crucial role as regulator, guarantor, and provider of private, occupational pensions. It reflects on the immense (and underappreciated) differences between defined benefit and defined contribution provision (and flawed attempts at creating hybrid forms of provision), before discussing in depth the political and economic factors behind defined benefit’s demise. It also considers recent efforts to regulate, reform, and rescue collectivist pensions in the private and public sectors—finding the state largely incapable of reducing the defined benefit ‘burden’ without itself instead acquiring the employer’s role as temporal anchor.