bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of land use, river regulation, and climate on a key recreational fishing species in temperate and boreal streams
Authors: Donadi Serena , Degerman Erik , McKie Brendan G. , Jones Douglas , Holmgren Kerstin , Sandin Leonard 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Numerous anthropogenic stressors, including river regulation, excess loadings of nutrients and sediment, channelisation, as well as thermal and hydrological stressors driven by climate change impact riverine ecosystems worldwide. In a time when freshwater degradation and the rate of global warming are faster than ever, understanding the potential interactive effects of local and catchment‐scale stressors with large‐scale climatic conditions is essential to enhance our ability to plan effective conservation, restoration, and mitigation measures.

In this study we analysed a dataset spanning the whole of Sweden using a space‐for‐time approach to investigate interactive effects of land use, river regulation, and climate on brown trout (Salmo trutta) abundance in streams.

We found that in warmer regions trout populations were negatively affected in catchments with more intense river regulation by hydropower dams (i.e. ≥10 m3/km2 total reservoir storage volume). In such catchments, a 7°C warmer mean summer air temperature was associated with an average between 44% and 83% decline in trout abundance. In catchments with less intense river regulation, trout abundance instead increased moderately with increasing temperature.

We also found that brown trout abundance declined with increasing areal extent of urban areas when found in combination with ≥20% agricultural land use. When agricultural land use reached maximum values (84%), brown trout abundance decreased from an average of 13 individuals per 100 m2 in catchments with no urban areas to values ≤1 in catchments with ≥5% urban land use. Also, brown trout abundance declined with increasing agricultural land use in catchments with ≥3% urban land use.

Our study brings innovative empirical evidence of interactive effects between river regulation, land use and climate on brown trout populations. From a management perspective our findings suggest that: (1) restoring natural flows (e.g. through dam removal) and riparian vegetation could mitigate adverse effects of climate change; and (2) restoration measures that minimise the effects of agriculture and urban land use (e.g. reduction of nutrient levels and restored riparian buffer zones) could help rehabilitate brown trout in catchments with high anthropogenic land use change. However, given the large observed variation between streams, we advise for bespoke management actions stemming from sound knowledge of local habitat conditions and target populations, whenever possible, using an ecosystem management‐based approach.
Reduced habitat suitability and landscape connectivity in a songbird migratory divide
Authors: Justen Hannah , Lee‐Yaw Julie A. , Delmore Kira E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimSeasonal migration is a common phenomenon in animals and connects geographically distant ecosystems. Considerable variation has been documented in this behaviour and migratory divides (contact zones between populations that use different routes to navigate around ecological barriers) are an example of this. Migratory divides could have important implications for ecological speciation as hybrids in divides take intermediate routes and it has been predicted that these routes will be ecologically inferior as they bring hybrids over barriers that parental forms avoid. We provide the first test of this prediction here using a well‐characterized divide between coastal and inland subspecies of Swainson’s thrushes.LocationNorth, Central and South America.Time period2006–2013.Major taxa studiedBirds.MethodsWe used ecological niche models and analyses of landscape connectivity to predict suitable habitat for coastal and inland thrushes on migration and identify optimal migratory routes. We compared estimates of habitat suitability and landscape connectivity along the actual migratory routes of birds tracked with light‐level geolocators.ResultsConsistent with predictions for migratory divides, niche models estimated lower habitat suitability in the intermediate range between the migratory ranges of parental forms. Furthermore, our models of landscape connectivity predicted optimal routes that circumvent this intermediate area. Birds taking intermediate routes used stopover sites of lower predicted habitat suitability than birds migrating on either side of the divide and overlapped less with optimal paths.Main conclusionsOur results support the prediction that intermediate routes of hybrids in migratory divides are ecologically inferior to those of parental forms. This finding suggests ecological differences are helping to maintain divides and could have broad implications, with divides shaping the distribution and maintenance of species boundaries globally and across many taxonomic groups.
The ghost of a giant – Six hypotheses for how an extinct megaherbivore structured kelp forests across the North Pacific Rim
Authors: Bullen Cameron D. , Campos Alberto A. , Gregr Edward J. , McKechnie Iain , Chan Kai M. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe global decline of megafauna is believed to have had significant and widespread ecological impacts. One such extinction of likely important consequence is the 18th century extinction of the Steller’s sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas); however, little has been written about how the loss of this megaherbivore may have impacted coastal ecosystem dynamics. Drawing on historical evidence, sea cow biology, kelp forest ecology, and the ecology of extant sirenians, we propose several discrete hypotheses about the effects Steller’s sea cows may have had on kelp forest dynamics of the North Pacific.LocationNorth Pacific Ocean.Time periodPre‐1760s.Major taxa studiedSteller’s sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas).Results & conclusionsThe evidence we review suggests that Steller’s sea cows exerted substantial direct and indirect influences on kelp forests, likely affecting the physical ecosystem structure, productivity, nutrient cycling, species interactions, and export of nutrients to surrounding ecosystems. This suggests that kelp forest dynamics and resilience were already significantly altered prior to the influence of more recent and well‐known stressors, such as industrial fishing and climate change, and illustrates the important ecological roles that are lost with megafaunal extinction.
Encapsulation and characterisation of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract using sodium alginate and different cellulose derivatives
Authors: Sheng Kangliang , Zhang Guanghui , Kong Xiaowei , Wang Jingmin , Mu Wanmeng , Wang Yongzhong 
Published: August 2021

SummaryGrape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has health benefits. However, these phenolic compounds undergo degradation reactions and have undesirable sensorial characteristics. GSPE was encapsulated using sodium alginate (SA), SA‐methyl cellulose (MC) and SA‐hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) for promoting controlled release, pH stability, temperature and storage period tolerance of GSPE. The microcapsules were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) analysis. The SA‐MC and SA‐HPMC microcapsules appeared to have a more compact surface than SA‐alone microcapsules. FTIR analysis indicated successful immobilisation of GSPE into the polymeric microcapsules. Moreover, the SA‐MC and SA‐HPMC microcapsules showed higher thermal stability. The microcapsules showed a relatively higher amount of released GSPE at a pH above six than at a lower pH. The SA‐MC and SA‐HPMC microcapsules could be used to retain more GSPE content in the gastric phase and to release it in the intestinal phase for possible absorption. Furthermore, after 28 days of storage at 25 °C, the GSPE retention rate of the microcapsules was still higher than 80%. GSPE encapsulated in SA‐MC and SA‐HPMC microcapsules results in lesser degradation and can be absorbed more effectively. This method has potential for the delivery of colon‐specific materials while exhibiting a sustained‐release characteristic.
The effect of female presence on corporate boards of directors on the value relevance of accounting amounts: empirical evidence from the European Union
Authors: Cimini Riccardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the ability of female presence to affect value relevance. Focusing on a sample of 487 entities listed in 18 European countries over the period 2009–2017, it uses a price model to assess the ability of female presence to affect the value relevance of earnings and book value disclosed in the consolidated annual reports of the firms analyzed. Findings offer evidence that female presence on corporate boards increases the value relevance of accounting amounts, providing insights that board composition affects investors’ judgments. Taking into account that in the literature scholars have shown that female presence is associated with market prices, this paper provides a contribution, showing its ability to affect the value relevance of earnings and book value of equity. The research findings suggest that not only the quality of accounting standards but also other factors such as female presence on the corporate board of directors affect accounting practices and, in turn, the quality of financial reporting and value relevance. Its findings offer an additional support to the European Union Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025 according to which an increase in women's participation in the labor market has a strong, positive impact on the whole economy.
How the even‐toed ungulate vertebral column works: Comparison of intervertebral mobility in 33 genera
Authors: Belyaev Ruslan I. , Kuznetsov Alexander N. , Prilepskaya Natalya E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, we used a previously developed osteometry‐based method to calculate available range of motion in presacral intervertebral joints in artiodactyls. We have quantified all three directions of intervertebral mobility: sagittal bending (SB), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR). This research covers 10 extant families of artiodactyls from 33 genera and 39 species. The cervical region in artiodactyls is the most mobile region of the presacral vertebral column in SB and LB. Mobility is unevenly distributed throughout the joints of the neck. The posterior neck joints (C4–C7) are significantly more mobile (on average by 2.5–3.5°) to anterior joints (C2–C4) and to the neck–thorax joint (C7–T1) in SB and LB. An increase in the relative length of the cervical region in artiodactyls is accompanied by an increase in the bending amplitudes (SB: Pearson r = 0.781; LB: r = 0.884). Animals with the most mobile necks (representative of Giraffidae and Camelidae) are 2–3 times more mobile in SB and LB compared to species with the least mobile necks. The thoracic region in artiodactyls, as in other mammals, is characterized by the greatest amplitudes of AR due to the tangential orientation of the zygapophyseal articular facets. The lowest AR values in the thoracic region are typical for the heaviest artiodactyls—Hippopotamidae. The highest AR values are typical for such agile runners as cervids, musk deer, pronghorn, as well as large and small antelopes. SB mobility in the posterior part of the thoracic region can be used by artiodactyls during galloping. The highest values of SB aROM in the posterior part of the thoracic region are typical for small animals with high SB mobility in the lumbar region. The lumbar region in mammals is adapted for efficient SB. Both the cumulative and average SB values in the lumbar region showed correspondence to the running type employed by an artiodactyl. The greatest SB amplitudes in the lumbar region are typical for small animals, which use saltatorial and saltatorial–cursorial running. An increase in body size also corresponds to a decrease in lumbar SB amplitudes. The lowest SB amplitudes are typical for species using the so‐called mediportal running. Adaptation to endurance galloping in open landscapes is accompanied by a decrease in lumbar SB amplitudes in artiodactyls. The consistency of the approach used and the wide coverage of the studied species make it possible to significantly expand and generalize the knowledge of the biomechanics of the vertebral column in artiodactyls.
The mobility of the superficial and deep midfacial fat compartments: An ultrasound‐based investigation
Authors: Schelke Leonie , Velthuis Peter J. , Lowry Natalia , Rohrich Rod J. , Swift Arthur , Gotkin Robert H. , Moellhoff Nicholas , Frank Konstantin , Dumbrava Mihai , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the mobility of the midface and the separate contributions of the superficial and deep fat compartments is essential for natural esthetic outcomes following soft tissue filler or fat grafting procedures. A study was designed that used ultrasound imaging to demonstrate in vivo visualization and quantification of distances and movements in the midface.MethodsA total of 48 midfaces of 24 healthy Caucasian volunteers, all naïve of esthetic procedures, (22 females; 46.85 (9.8) years; 22.83 (3.1) kg/m2) were scanned using 18 MHz ultrasound imaging. Distances between bony landmarks (inferior orbital rim, infraorbital foramen) were used as markers to measure the cranial movement of the superficial (superficial nasolabial and superficial medial cheek fat compartment) and the deep (deep pyriform space, deep medial check fat compartment, deep lateral cheek fat compartment) midfacial fat compartments between resting and smiling facial position.ResultsThe superficial midfacial fat compartment moved, on average, 3.7 mm (p < 0.001) cranially, whereas the deep midfacial fat compartments moved, on average, 0.1 mm (p > 0.05) during smiling. No gender differences in mobility were identified (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe results obtained are in line with previous cadaveric investigations and revealed, in a highly statistically significant fashion, that the superficial midfacial fat compartments move in cranial direction whereas the deep fat compartment did not display similar positional changes. These results help to guide facial injectable treatments and to understand why, in the midface, a deep supraperiosteal approach should be favored when augmenting the deep midfacial fat compartments.
Treatment of psoriasis with biologics in the early COVID‐19 pandemic: A study examining patient attitudes toward the treatment and disease course
Authors: Yalici‐Armagan Basak , Tabak Gulsun Hazan , Dogan‐Gunaydin Sibel , Gulseren Duygu , Akdogan Neslihan , Atakan Nilgun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has been ongoing all around the world with a wide range of clinical course including asymptomatic cases to severe and fatal respiratory tract disease. Patients on immunosuppressive treatments were predicted to be more susceptible to COVID‐19.AimsIt was aimed to assess treatment continuity, the course of psoriasis and the course and clinical features of COVID‐19 in patients treated with biological agents for psoriasis at the early initial period of COVID‐19 pandemic.Patients/MethodsPatients treated with biological agents for psoriasis at our institute were contacted by phone between 1 and 10 July 2020 and fulfilled a questionnaire about their continuity to psoriasis treatments, clinical course of psoriasis, and any suspicion/diagnosis of COVID‐19.ResultsA total of 106 patients, 41 females and 65 males, were enrolled. Mean age of the patients was 46.1 ± 12.1 years (range: 19–77). Median duration of psoriasis was 18 years (min–max: 1 month–51 years). Twenty‐four patients (22.6%) were using tumor necrosis alpha inhibitors (ETA:1, IFX:19, ADA:4), whereas 82 patients (77.4%) were using interleukin (IL) 12/23 or IL‐17 inhibitors (UST:48, SECU:30, IXE:4). Seventy‐six patients (71.7%) continued the treatment, whereas 30 patients (28.3%) interrupted the treatment voluntarily. Twenty out of 30 patients (66.6%) who interrupted the treatment had an exacerbation of psoriasis. None of the patients were diagnosed with COVID‐19 in the study period.ConclusionPatients with psoriasis who received biological therapy continued their treatment at a high rate during the early period of the COVID‐19 pandemic. No COVID‐19 diagnosis was made among patients whether they continued or discontinued treatment. Recurrence and exacerbation of psoriasis in a significant proportion of patients who interrupted treatment and absence of COVID‐19 diagnosis in each group support the importance and safety of continuity of biological treatments for psoriasis in COVID‐19 era.
The Loan Covenant Channel: How Bank Health Transmits to the Real Economy
Authors: CHODOROW‐REICH GABRIEL , FALATO ANTONIO 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTWe document the importance of covenant violations in transmitting bank health to nonfinancial firms. Roughly one‐third of loans in our supervisory data breach a covenant during the 2008 to 2009 period, allowing lenders to force a renegotiation of loan terms or to accelerate repayment of otherwise long‐term credit. Lenders in worse health are more likely to force a reduction in the loan commitment following a violation. The reduction in credit to borrowers who violate a covenant can account for the majority of the cross‐sectional variation in credit supply during the 2008 to 2009 crisis.
Protective effect and potential mechanism of Schwann cell‐derived exosomes on mechanical damage of rat dorsal root ganglion cells
Authors: Huang Guotao , Hu Ming , Lu Danhua , Hong Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPudendal nerve (PN) injury was one of the most important pathogenesis of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Schwann cell (SC)‐derived exosomes could promote axonal regeneration. Wnt protein could significantly promote axonal regeneration and participate in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Therefore, we sought to determine whether SCs‐derived exosomes might also protect against damaged dorsal root ganglion cells (DRGs) through the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.Material and MethodsThe DRGs injury model was fabricated using a four‐point bending system. The exosomes were separated from the SCs supernatant. XAV939, which was a small molecule inhibitor, was used to inhibit the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Next, Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) kit was used to detect cell activity. We evaluated the proliferative activity of DRG cells using the cell cycle and apoptosis detection kit. We assessed the cell apoptotic rates through the Annexin V/PE double staining. Finally, we detect the expression of downstream proteins of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in DRG cells using western blotting.ResultsSC‐derived exosomes had protective effects on DRGs after mechanical damage, which could promote cell proliferation, transition of the cell cycle to the G2 phase, and inhibit cell apoptosis. Exogenous administration of XAV939 suppressed the promoting effect of SCs ‐derived exosomes on DRG cells and the expression of downstream proteins of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in DRG cells was also suppressed.ConclusionThese results suggested that SC‐derived exosomes have a repairing effect on DRG cells injury caused by cyclic mechanical stretching (CMS) and the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is potentially involved in the process.
Where ‘The Rules Don’t Apply’: Organizational Isolation and Misbehaviour in Elite Kitchens
Authors: Burrow Robin , Scott Rebecca , Courpasson David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article we elaborate on the connection between organizational isolation and misbehaviour. Drawing on 47 interviews with elite chefs we make a twofold contribution to the misbehaviour literature. First, we conceptualize misbehaviour amongst chefs as a potentiality engrained into the geography of the kitchens they work in. Drawing on Smith (1987), we call this ageography of deviance. Through this concept we show that misbehaviour can be inscribed into a place, through structures that create feelings of invisibility, alienation and detachment. Second, we make sense of chefs’ misbehaviour by using Turner’s theory ofnormative communitas. Via this framing misbehaviour is cast as a ritualized component of an anti‐structural way of being, where the kitchen is simultaneously apprehended as an instrument of social withdrawal and a symbol of deviance around which the community pivots. Through these contributions we help to crystalise the relationship between organizational isolation and misbehaviour, particularly in the context of chefs and kitchens.
Corporate Strategy and the Theory of the Firm in the Digital Age
Authors: Menz Markus , Kunisch Sven , Birkinshaw Julian , Collis David J. , Foss Nicolai J. , Hoskisson Robert E. , Prescott John E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to reinvigorate research in the intersection of corporate strategy and the theory of the firm in light of the rapid advancement of digital technologies. Using the theory of the firm as an interpretive lens, we focus our analysis on the implications of the emerging digital age for three broad domains of corporate strategy: (1) corporate (competitive) advantage, (2) firm scale, scope, and boundaries, and (3) internal structure and design. Recognizing that digitalization exacerbates ambiguity and paradoxes, we sketch foundational strategies for future research. We suggest that there is a need to develop knowledge that accounts for the new realities of the digital age, depending on whether the corporate strategy phenomena under investigation and the theories of the firm used to explain them, are existing or new. The article serves also as introduction to theJournal of Management StudiesSpecial Issue on the topic.
Mandibular advancement analysis among orthodontists, lay people and patients in class II malocclusion subjects. A three‐dimensional imaging study
Authors: Espinosa Daybelis González , Martins Brandão Gustavo Antonio , Normando David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the acceptance of orthodontists, laypeople and the patient when progressive mandibular advancements are performed in class II subjects with mandibular retrognathism.Setting and sample3D images were obtained by an optical surface scanning of fifteen individuals (12 males and three females, mean age of 23 years and 8 months) with mandibular retrognathism in three mandibular positions: maximum intercuspation (MIC) and progressive mandibular advancement of 2 and 4 mm.MethodsThe images (n = 45) were evaluated through a scale by two groups of panellist, 20 orthodontists, 20 laypeople and by the patients themselves (n = 15). The participants evaluated and rated each video and give scores between 0 and 10, according to their perception of facial harmony. MANOVA for repeated measures was used for intra‐ and intergroup differences and to evaluate the patients' self‐perception.ResultsLaypeople reported better face acceptance than orthodontists in MIC and progressive mandibular advancement of 2 and 4 mm (P < .0001). 80% of the patients evaluated their own face as pleasant in MIC. Around half of them did not note significant difference following mandibular advancement of 2 mm as compared with MIC and even two‐third attributed lower scores when the mandible was advanced 4 mm.ConclusionA high variability was observed among all groups of raters. Patient´s opinion should be taken into account when mandibular advancement of 4 mm or more is planned. This study suggests that a thorough discussion of facial changes resulting from mandibular advancement should be carried out among professionals, parents and patients.