bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refinements of the Pin-Based Pointwise Energy Slowing-Down Method for Resonance Self-Shielding Calculation—I: Theory
Authors: Choi Sooyoung , Kim Wonkyeong , Lee Deokjung 
Published: December 2021

The pin-based pointwise energy slowing-down method (PSM), which is a resonance self-shielding method, has been refined to treat the nonuniformity of material compositions and temperature profile in the fuel pellet by calculating the exact collision probability in the radially subdivided fuel pellet under the isolated system. The PSM has generated the collision probability table before solving the pointwise energy slowing-down equation. It is not exact if the fuel pellet has nonuniform material compositions or temperature profile in all the subdivided regions. In the refined PSM-CPM, the pre-generated table is not required for directly calculating the collision probability in all the subdivided regions of the fuel pellet while solving the slowing-down equation. There are an advantage and a disadvantage to the method. The advantage is to exactly consider the nonuniformity of the material compositions and temperature profile in the fuel pellet. The disadvantage is the longer computing time than that of the PSM when the fuel pellet has more than five subdivided regions. However, in the practical use for UO2 pin-cells, it is still comparable for the computation time with the PSM and the conventional equivalence theory methods. In this article, using simple light water reactor 17 × 17 F A problems with a uniform material composition and temperature profile, it is demonstrated that PSMs (PSM and PSM-CPM) exhibit consistent accuracy in calculating the multiplication factor and the pin power distribution with no compromise in the computation time. More detailed accuracy assessments with various test cases, including problems representing the nonuniformity, are presented in the accompanying article.
Lens Biometry in Congenital Lens Deformities: A Swept-Source Anterior Segment OCT Analysis
Authors: Chen Ze-xu , Jia Wan-Nan , Jiang Yong-Xiang 
Published: December 2021

Aims: To investigate the lens biometric parameters in congenital lens deformities, using a novel technique of swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT).Methods: This prospective study included patients with microspherophakia (MSP), coloboma lentis (CL), and posterior lenticonus (PL). For this cohort, 360-degree high-resolution lens images were obtained using the latest SS-ASOCT (CASIA2, Tomey Corp, Nagoya, Japan). The lens biometric parameters were calculated by the CASIA2 built-in software for anterior lens radius (ALR), posterior lens radius (PLR), anteroposterior distance (APD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), equatorial diameter (Eq Dia), rear projection length (RPL), and maximum diameter of the lesion (MDL).Results: This study included two eyes each with MSP and CL and one eye with PL. The lens of MSP was spherical and posteriorly dislocated, with decreased ALR and PLR, Eq Dia, but increased APD. In patients with CL, the coloboma was isolated, bilateral, inferior, and located toward the maldeveloped ciliary body. High astigmatism was mainly lenticular, and this was calculated by the ALR and PLR. Regarding the site of coloboma, a significant decrease in ALR was observed, while the PLR and APD were not affected. The PL eyes had a cone-shaped protrusion of the posterior lens surface with a subtle cataractous region around the apex. An extremely high posterior surface curvature was observed with a mean PLR of 1.67 mm. The RPL and MDL were about 1.80 and 0.4 mm, respectively, which were homogenous at different sections.Conclusions: The CASIA2 is a valuable option for in vivo crystalline lens measurement for congenital lens deformities, enabling the accurate diagnosis and providing illuminating insights into the pathogenesis of MSP, CL, and PL
In vitro Assessment of Solar Filters for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the Action Spectrum of Protoporphyrin IX
Authors: Sernicola Alvise , Cama Elena , Pelizzo Maria Guglielmina , Tessarolo Enrico , Nicolli Annamaria , Viero Giulia , Alaibac Mauro 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Subjects with erythropoietic protoporphyria rely on broad-spectrum sunscreens with high sun protection factor, which is not informative on efficacy in the absorption spectrum of protoporphyrin IX, spanning visible radiation and peaking around 408 nm. Photoactivation of protoporphyrin IX is responsible for painful skin photosensitivity in erythropoietic protoporphyria.The authors assessed the protective efficacy of six sunscreens in vitro in the absorption spectrum of protoporphyrin IX.Method: Transmittance measurements were performed in the 300–850 nm wavelengths on samples of six photoprotective products applied to polymethyl methacrylate plates. Porphyrin protection factor was calculated in the 300–700 nm region to provide a measurement for the efficacy of each product based on the action spectrum of protoporphyrin IX.Results: Product A showed the highest porphyrin protection factor among tested products with a median value of 4.22. Product A is a sunscreen containing organic filters, titanium dioxide and synthetic iron oxides, pigmentary grade active ingredients that absorb visible radiation. Other products showed inefficient protection in the visible, with transmittance between 75 and 95% at 500 nm. The low porphyrin protection factor of inorganic filter product B was attributed to particle micronization, as declared by the manufacturer.Conclusion: Adding porphyrin protection factor to sunscreen labeling could help patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and other photosensitivity disorders identify products tailored on their specific needs. The development of sunscreens providing protection from visible radiation and excellent cosmetical tolerability could improve the lifestyle of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.
A Muscle Biosignature Differentiating Between Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy and Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Hsu Wen-Chi , Lin Yu-Ching , Chuang Hai-Hua , Yeh Kun-Yun , Chan Wing P. , Ro Long-Sun 
Published: December 2021

Background: The overlapping clinical presentations of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) make clinical diagnosis challenging. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the distributions and characteristics of muscle fat substitution and edema and aims to differentiate those two diseases.Methods: This retrospective study reviewed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of seventeen patients with pathologically proved diagnosis, comprising 11 with LGMD and 6 with IIM. The fat-only and water-only images from a Dixon sequence were used to evaluate muscle fat substitution and edema, respectively. The degrees of muscle fat substitution and edema were graded and compared using the appropriate statistical methods.Results: In LGMD, more than 50% of patients had high-grade fat substitution in the majority of muscle groups in the thigh and calf. However, &lt;50% of IIM patients had high-grade fat substitution in all muscle groups. Moreover, LGMD patients had significantly higher grade fat substitution than IIM patients in all large muscle groups (p &lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in edema in the majority of muscle groups, except the adductor magnus (p = 0.012) and soleus (p = 0.009) with higher grade edema in IIM. Additionally, all the adductor magnus muscles in LGMD (100%) showed high-grade fat substitution, but none of them showed high-grade edema.Conclusions: MRI could be a valuable tool to differentiate LGMD from IIM based on the discrepancy in muscle fat substitution, and the adductor magnus muscle could provide a biosignature to categorizing LGMD.
The Efficacy of TACE Combined With Lenvatinib Plus Sintilimab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Cao Fei , Yang Yi , Si Tongguo , Luo Jun , Zeng Hui , Zhang Zhewei , Feng Duiping , Chen Yi , Zheng Jiaping 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) combined with lenvatinib plus sintilimab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Patients and MethodsThe data of patients with unresectable HCC administered a combination therapy with TACE and lenvatinib plus sintilimab were retrospectively assessed. Patients received lenvatinib orally once daily 2 weeks before TACE, followed by sintilimab administration at 200 mg intravenously on day 1 of a 21-day therapeutic cycle after TACE. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR) by the modified RECIST criteria.ResultsMedian duration of follow-up was 12.5 months (95%CI 9.1 to 14.8 months). ORR was 46.7% (28/60). Median DOR in confirmed responders was 10.0 months (95%CI 9.0-11.0 months). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 13.3 months (95%CI 11.9-14.7 months). Median overall survival (OS) was 23.6 months (95%CI 22.2-25.0 months).ConclusionsTACE combined with lenvatinib plus sintilimab is a promising therapeutic regimen in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Suspected Adverse Drug Reactions in Pediatric Cancer Patients in China: An Analysis of Henan Province Spontaneous Reporting System Database
Authors: Jiao Zhiming , Feng Zhanchun , Yan Ziqi , Zhang Jinwen , Li Gang , Wang Ganyi , Wang Qianyu , Feng Da 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) in pediatric cancer patients have not yet received due attention in the world. Antineoplastic drugs are frequently related to ADRs. Few studies focus on the ADR and the intervention measures in pediatric cancer patients.MethodsADR reports submitted to Henan Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from 2016 to 2020 for individuals aged from birth to 17 years (including 17 years) were included. Data were analyzed with respect to gender, age, disease types, past history of ADR, occurrence time of ADR, polypharmacy, route of administration, off-label drug use, name of suspected drugs per ADR report, and severity of ADR reports.ResultsA total of 431 ADR reports related to antineoplastic drugs in pediatric patients were collected, 31.55% were serious ADRs (SADRs). The median age of patients was six years (inter quartile range, IQR: 3-11), the age groups with higher reporting rates were concentrated in 1-3-year-olds (130). Past history of ADR, occurrence time of ADR and polypharmacy were statistically associated with SADR. Myelosuppression was the most frequent ADR (15.55%), cytarabine was the most frequent drug (26.22%). The signal mining method produced 14 signals, three signals were off-label ADRs.ConclusionsThis study described the characteristics of ADRs in pediatric cancer patients. By conducting signal mining method, three off-label ADRs need further study. We should pay more attention to these ADRs and develop relative management strategies. More researches are needed to achieve a better understanding of the characteristics of ADRs in pediatric cancer patients of China.
Early Vascular Aging in Children With Type 1 Diabetes and Ambulatory Normotension
Authors: Šuláková Terezie , Strnadel Jiří , Pavlíček Jan , Poláková Radka , Seeman Tomáš , Feber Janusz 
Published: December 2021

Background: Preliminary data suggest that target organ damage (TOD) and early vascular aging (EVA) may occur in children with normal blood pressure (BP).Objectives: To analyze TOD and EVA in normotensive (BP &lt;95th percentile on ambulatory BP monitoring) type 1 diabetes children (T1D) in comparison to healthy controls (C).Subjects: 25 T1D aged 13.9 ± 2.6 years and 22 C aged 14.0 ± 3.4 years.Methods: We analyzed age- and height-related pulse wave velocity (PWV) Z-scores and expected PWV based on age, height, and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Expected vascular age based on measured PWV was calculated from pooled pediatric and adult PWV norms. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) were obtained as markers of TOD.Results: T1D and C groups did not differ in anthropometry, ambulatory, LVMI, and ACR. However, median age- and height-related PWV Z-scores were higher in T1D compared to C (1.08 vs. 0.57, p = 0.006; 0.78 vs. 0.36, p = 0.02, respectively). Mean (±SD) difference between measured and expected PWV was 0.58 ± 0.57 in T1D vs. 0.22 ± 0.59 in C, p = 0.02. The mean (±SD) difference between chronological and expected vascular age was 7.53 ± 7.74 years in T1D vs. 2.78 ± 7.01 years in C, p = 0.04.Conclusion: Increased arterial stiffness and increased intraindividual differences between expected and measured PWV as well as between chronological and expected vascular age indicate that EVA may develop in T1D children even at normal ambulatory BP levels.
Relationship Between Conventional Medicine Chapters in ICD-10 and Kampo Pattern Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wu Xuefeng , Le Thomas K. , Maeda-Minami Ayako , Yoshino Tetsuhiro , Horiba Yuko , Mimura Masaru , Watanabe Kenji 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The newest revision to the International Classification of Diseases, the 11th edition (ICD-11) includes disease classifications from East Asian medicine, including traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo medicine). These disease classifications allow for comparisons between disease classifications from conventional medicine and Kampo medicine.Design/Location/Subjects/Interventions: This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between conventional medicine diagnoses and Kampo medicine diagnoses at a large Kampo clinic in Japan. Patients were seen from October 1st, 2014 to June 30th, 2019 and were 20 years of age or older.Outcome measures: Patients presented with one or more conventional medicine ICD-10 codes into the clinic and were given one descriptor from the ICD-11 within the heat-cold module, excess-deficiency module, and an optional body constituents module. The distribution of these Kampo medicine codes was examined in relation to conventional medicine chapters.Results: 1,209 patients were included in our final analysis. Patient number, ages, sex ratio, and BMI varied within conventional medicine ICD-10 chapters and Kampo medicine descriptor codes. Certain conventional medicine chapters are related to specific Kampo medicine descriptor codes, such as chapter IV (endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases) with excess, heat, and kidney qi deficiency.Conclusion: The advent of the ICD-11 allows for systematic, standardized comparisons between Kampo medicine, and contemporary medicine. In this exploratory study, our findings support the independence of Kampo medicine pattern descriptors with ICD-10 conventional medicine chapters. Code overrepresentations in relation to conventional medicine diseases and by age and sex should be an area of future investigation to best understand how to synergize and improve patient care.
Understanding the Role of Purinergic P2X7 Receptors in the Gastrointestinal System: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cheng Nathalie , Zhang Li , Liu Lu 
Published: December 2021

Background: The role of purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is of interest due to its involvement in inflammation and mediating immune cell responses. P2X7R is particularly implicated in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the extent of the actions of P2X7R in the gastrointestinal (GI) system under physiological and pathophysiological conditions remains to be elucidated. This systematic review aimed to identify, summarize and evaluate the evidence for a critical role of P2X7R in the GI system.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus with search terms pertained to P2X7R in the GI system in disease or physiological state, including “P2X7 or P2X7 receptor or purinergic signaling” in combination with any of the terms “intestine or colon or gut or gastrointestinal,” “pathology or inflammation or disease or disorder,” and “physiology or expression.” Titles and abstracts were screened for potentially eligible full texts, and animal and human studies published in English were included in this study. Data were extracted from papers meeting inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was not feasible given the study diversity.Results: There were 48 papers included in this review. We identified 14 experimental colitis models, three sepsis models and one ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Among them, 11 studies examined P2X7R in GI infections, six studies on immune cell regulation, four studies on GI inflammation, two studies on GI malignancies, three studies involving intestinal injury due to various causes, two studies on ATP-activated P2X7R in the GI system and two studies on metabolic regulation.Conclusion: Evidence supports P2X7R mediating inflammation and immune cell responses in GI inflammation, infections and injury due to IBD and other challenges to the intestinal wall. P2X7R inhibition by gene knockout or by application of P2X7R antagonists can reduce tissue damage by suppressing inflammation. P2X7R is also implicated in GI malignancies and glucose and lipid homeostasis. P2X7R blockade, however, did not always lead to beneficial outcomes in the various pathological models of study.
Differences in Clinical Outcomes of Adults Referred to a Homeless Transitional Care Program Based on Multimorbid Health Profiles: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Smith Colin M. , Feigal Jacob , Sloane Richard , Biederman Donna J. 
Published: December 2021

Background: People experiencing homelessness face significant medical and psychiatric illness, yet few studies have characterized the effects of multimorbidity within this population. This study aimed to (a) delineate unique groups of individuals based on medical, psychiatric, and substance use disorder profiles, and (b) compare clinical outcomes across groups.Methods: We extracted administrative data from a health system electronic health record for adults referred to the Durham Homeless Care Transitions program from July 2016 to June 2020. We used latent class analysis to estimate classes in this cohort based on clinically important medical, psychiatric and substance use disorder diagnoses and compared health care utilization, overdose, and mortality at 12 months after referral.Results: We included 497 patients in the study and found 5 distinct groups: “low morbidity” (referent), “high comorbidity,” “high tri-morbidity,” “high alcohol use,” and “high medical illness.” All groups had greater number of admissions, longer mean duration of admissions, and more ED visits in the 12 months after referral compared to the “low morbidity” group. The “high medical illness” group had greater mortality 12 months after referral compared to the “low morbidity” group (OR, 2.53, 1.03–6.16; 95% CI, 1.03–6.16; p = 0.04). The “high comorbidity” group (OR, 5.23; 95% CI, 1.57–17.39; p &lt; 0.007) and “high tri-morbidity” group (OR, 4.20; 95% CI, 1.26–14.01; p &lt; 0.02) had greater 12-month drug overdose risk after referral compared to the referent group.Conclusions: These data suggest that distinct groups of people experiencing homelessness are affected differently by comorbidities, thus health care programs for this population should address their risk factors accordingly.
Análise da educação integral no Brasil e da política educação integral das Escolas de Referência (EREM) de Pernambuco como uma proposta para o Ensino Médio
Authors: Lima Serafim Josefa Rita de Cássia , V. Modenesi Thiago 
Published: December 2021

A desigualdade educacional no Brasil é histórica, é urgente buscar novas experiência para diminuir a distância entre Educação Básica, as consequências das estruturas sociais e a reprodução no sistema educacional. Explicitar a concepção de educação integral em Pernambuco nessa última década 2008-1018, é uma estratégia importante de inovação para o Ensino Médio. O artigo traz impactos de mudanças sociais pelo acesso e à permanência do jovem à essas escolas, o que não ocorreu com os Pioneiros da educação. Em Pernambuco, as Escolas de Referências Ensino Médio-EREM, respaldam-se na Filosofia da Aprendizagem, Protagonismo, Projeto de Vida, dialogam com evidências teóricas de várias gestões governamentais, dos Pioneiros, Cieps, PRONAICA, ProEMI às EREM. A discussão educacional reflete as intenções implícitas às teorias do projeto de educação/sociedade implementado à conjuntura política. Advoga-se desmistificar o conceito subjacente à proposta, aferir a expectativa na formação cidadã, por uma escola com princípios democráticos efetivos, reflitam suas práticas e promovam a aprendizagem no chão da escola. Enfim, que a educação seja uma política de estado e não apenas uma política de governo.
Palavras-Chave: Ensino Médio. Educação Integral de Pernambuco. Protagonismo. Educação Básica. Pioneiros.
Makna Wadah Tunggal Organisasi Profesi Advokat Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 Tentang Advokat
Authors: Sudarmono  
Published: December 2021

Pasal 28 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Advokat menjelaskan Organisasi Advokat merupakan satu-satunya wadah profesi Advokat yang bebas dan mandiri yang dibentuk sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Advokat dengan maksud dan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas profesi advokat. Artinya bahwa hanya ada satu organisasi tunggal profesi advokat setelah Undang-Undang Advokat diberlakukan, dengan ketentuan bahwa dalam Pasal 32 ayat (4) paling lama dalam jangka waktu 2 tahun sudah terbentuk satu organisasi tunggal profesi advokat. Dalam kenyataannya sekarang ini terdapat 2 organisai advokat, yang menyatakan sebagai organisasi advokat sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Advokat. Untuk itu perlu diketahui bagaimanakah bentuk dari makna wadah tunggal organisasi profesi advokat yang sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 Tentang Advokat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang difokuskan untuk menguji penerapan kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif yang berlaku. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach), pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan menelaah semua undang-undang dan regulasi yang bersangkut paut dengan isu hukum yang sedang ditangani dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach), pendekatan ini beranjak dari pandangan-pandangan dan doktrin-doktrin yang berkembang di dalam ilmu hukum. Untuk memenuhi tenggang waktu tentang pembentukan wadah tunggal organisasi advokat, maka pada tanggal 21 Desember 2004 berdirilah Perhimpunan Advokat Indonesia oleh 8 (delapan) organisasi yang disebutkan di dalam Pasal 32 Ayat (3). Berdirinya Perhimpunan Advokat Indonesia dianggap belum memenuhi syarat seperti yang di amanatkan Undang-Undang Advokat oleh sebagian Advokat yang tergabung di dalamnya. Ketidakpuasan terhadap Perhimpunan Advokat Indonesia, akhirnya di tumpahkan dalam bentuk Kongres Advokat Indonesia. Kini organisasi profesi Advokat Indonesia terpecah-pecah.