bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic perfusion CT – A promising tool to diagnose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zaborienė Inga , Barauskas Giedrius , Gulbinas Antanas , Ignatavičius Povilas , Lukoševičius Saulius , Žvinienė Kristina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background and objective
This study deals with an important issue of setting the role and value of the dynamic computed tomography (CT) perfusion analysis in diagnosing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The study aimed to assess the efficacy of perfusion CT in identifying PDAC, even isodense or hardly depicted in conventional multidetector computed tomography.

Methods
A total of 56 patients with PDAC and 56 control group patients were evaluated in this study. A local perfusion assessment, involving the main perfusion parameters, was evaluated for all the patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values for each perfusion CT parameter were defined using cutoff values calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We accomplished logistic regression to identify the probability of PDAC.

Results
Blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV) values were significant independent diagnostic criteria for the presence of PDAC. If both values exceed the determined cutoff point, the estimated probability for the presence of PDAC was 97.69%.

Conclusions
Basic CT perfusion parameters are valuable in providing the radiological diagnosis of PDAC. The estimated BF and BV parameters may serve as independent diagnostic criteria predicting the probability of PDAC.
Metathetic approach to new NORPHOS-related bisphosphanes: facile synthesis and application in asymmetric hydrogenation
Authors: Szwaczko Katarzyna , Miroslaw Barbara , Demchuk Oleg M. , Wójciuk Grzegorz , Mazur Liliana , Pietrusiewicz Kazimierz Michał 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A highly efficient synthesis of new chiral bisphosphanes derived from the renowned NORPHOS ligand is presented. The synthesis involves ring-opening metathesis of NORPHOS dioxide with an external olefin, followed by saturation of the new double bonds and adjustment of the oxidation level of phosphorus centers oxidation level. The synthesized bisphosphanes retain the configuration and enantiomeric purity of the starting NORPHOS. Their utility as ligands in asymmetric catalysis is exemplified using an open-NORPHOS ligand in some benchmark Rh-catalyzed hydrogenations of enamides where excellent chemical yields and enantiomeric purities of the products have been secured. The proposed protocol demonstrated the possibility of a straightforward synthesis of new chiral catalysts to be utilized in the asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceutically important compounds, such as amino acid derivatives.
Computational studies on statins photoactivity
Authors: Pluskota-Karwatka Donata , Hoffmann Marcin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Statins are popular drugs widely prescribed to control hypercholesterolaemia and to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Synthetic statins constitute a group of pharmaceuticals which are very sensitive to exposure to light in both UVA and UVB ranges. Light, by causing drugs degradation, can essentially change their pharmaceutical properties leading even to the loss of therapeutic activity and/or to the formation of deleterious photoproducts. Drugs which exhibit photochemical reactivity may elicit undesired adverse effects. A detailed understanding of mechanisms involved in molecular basis of these effects origin is very important for evaluating the photobiological risk associated with therapy in which drugs prone to exposure to light are involved. In this work we critically discussed finding regarding the mechanisms of synthetic statins phototransformation. We showed inconsistency of some previously reported facts and revised earlier presented studies. We also completed the lack of information on pitavastatin photobehaviour. This all together resulted in proposal of new schemes for the statins photodecomposition. We reviewed data derived from both experimental and computational methods. Studies of photochemical problems by the use of theoretical methods enable getting insight into areas of some fascinating events that experimental techniques can touch only indirectly. Besides effect of light, phenomenon of statins’ sensitivity to pH and resulting implications were discussed. Statins undergo pH-dependent interconversion between their pharmacologically active hydroxy acid and inactive lactone forms, and it was shown that for both forms, drugs’ interactions should be considered. Knowledge of the statins interconversion mechanisms is important for understanding how differences in the structures of their molecules can affect the drugs’ activity.
Dysregulated gene-associated biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and aging
Authors: Li Min , Geng Rongxin , Li Chen , Meng Fantao , Zhao Hongwei , Liu Jing , Dai Juanjuan , Wang Xuezhen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder with a hidden onset, including difficult early detection and diagnosis. Nevertheless, the new crucial biomarkers for the diagnosis and pathogenesis of AD need to be explored further. Here, the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through a comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Furthermore, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that these DEGs were mainly associated with biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, which are involved in multiple cellular functions. Next, we found that 9 of the 24 genes showed the same regulatory changes in the blood of patients with AD compared to those in the GEO database, and 2 of the 24 genes showed a significant correlation with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Finally, we determined that mice with AD and elderly mice had the same regulatory changes in the identified DEGs in both the blood and hippocampus. Our study identified several potential core biomarkers of AD and aging, which could contribute to the early detection, differential diagnosis, treatment, and pathological analysis of AD.
The effect of dietary supplementation with high- or low-dose omega-3 fatty acid on inflammatory pathology after traumatic brain injury in rats
Authors: Black Elise K. , Phillips Jack K. , Seminetta Jack , Bailes Julian , Lee John M. , Finan John D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study investigated dietary supplementation as a prophylactic for neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a preclinical model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received 30 days of supplementation with either water or two dietary supplements. The first consisted of high-dose omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) (supplement A) along with vitamin D3 and vitamin E. The second had the same ingredients at different doses with an addition of cannabidiol (supplement B). Rats were subjected to an impact TBI and then euthanized 7 days post-injury and neuroinflammation quantified by histological detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocyte activation, and CD68, a marker of microglial activity. There was a trend toward increased GFAP staining in injured, unsupplemented animals as compared to sham, unsupplemented animals, consistent with increased activation of astrocytes in response to trauma which was reversed by supplement A but not by supplement B. The pattern of CD68 staining across groups was similar to that of GFAP staining. There was a trend toward an increase in the injured unsupplemented group, relative to sham which was reversed by supplement A but not by supplement B. CD68 staining in injured animals was concentrated in the perivascular domain. The consistency between trends across different measures of neuroinflammation showing benefits of high-dose O3FA supplementation following TBI suggests that the observed effects are real. These findings are preliminary, but they justify further study to determine the functional benefits associated with improvements in histological outcomes and understand associated dose-response curves.
Dynamics of liquid drop on a vibrating micro-perforated plate
Authors: Sarı Gözde , Aydın Yasemin Nur , Bilekli Ümü Gülsüm , Göl Mehmet Bartu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present work presents the behavior of a liquid drop placed onto a surface of the perforated plate experimentally. Micro holes were created on the brass plate by a laser marking method. The actuator made of brass and piezoelectric discs driven by a sine input voltage, and it bonded rigidly to the perforated plate. This study aimed to reveal the behavior of the drop placed on the perforated plate and the effects of the initial acceleration value on the rate of change in the drop projected area onto the surface. For this purpose, a frequency-response function of the dry micro-perforated plate was measured by a laser vibrometer, and the acceleration distribution was determined on the perforated plate. Further, the drop was excited with five different initial acceleration values, and the drop projected area onto the surface was recorded by a camera during the atomization process. It was observed that droplets were atomized at the air–liquid interface on two sides of the perforated plate. The time-varying function of the drop projected area onto the surface for each initial acceleration value was presented graphically. The polynomial function was fitted to the experimental data points for each acceleration value, and thus the effects of the initial acceleration on the varying drop size were analyzed. The authors emphasized that the drop projected area onto the surface first increased and then decreased during the atomization process. The rate of change in the drop projected area onto the surface increased as the initial acceleration increased. The drop was atomized both by ejecting from the surface and sucking through the holes.
Sonoporation: Underlying Mechanisms and Applications in Cellular Regulation
Authors: Li Yue , Chen Zhiyi , Ge Shuping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ultrasound combined with microbubble-mediated sonoporation has been applied to enhance drug or gene intracellular delivery. Sonoporation leads to the formation of openings in the cell membrane, triggered by ultrasound-mediated oscillations and destruction of microbubbles. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the occurrence of sonoporation, including ultrasonic parameters, microbubbles size, and the distance of microbubbles to cells. Recent advances are beginning to extend applications through the assistance of contrast agents, which allow ultrasound to connect directly to cellular functions such as gene expression, cellular apoptosis, differentiation, and even epigenetic reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art concerning microbubble–cell interactions and sonoporation effects leading to cellular functions.
Appendiküler Müsinöz Kistadenom ve Peritoneal Adenomüsinozis
Authors: YÜZBAŞIOĞLU Mehmet Fatih , BOZ Alper , ACAR Hasan , CENGİZ Emrah , TOPUZ Sezgin , PEKER Onur 
Published: February 2021

41 yaşında erkek hasta, kliniğimize şiddetli karın ağrısı, ateş, bulantı ,kusma şikayetleri ile başvurdu. Operasyon öncesi tanısal amaçla yapılan ultrasonografi ve Bilgisayarlı Tomografi’de; karın içerisinde yer yer kistik kitleler, appendiks çapında büyüme izlendi.
Bazı kanser markerlarının yüksek bulunan ve laparoskopi yapılan hasta da; batın içerisinde yaygın kistler, dilate appendiks, karaciğerde subkapsüler kist görüldü. Laparoskopik olarak appendektomi yapıldı. Peritondan birkaç yerden biyopsi alındı. Patolojik inceleme sonunda; peritoneal adenomüsinozis, appendikste müsinöz kistadenom tanısı konuldu. Operasyondan 1 ay sonra kanser markerları normal düzeye geriledi.
Üçüncü Basamak Sağlık Merkezinde Genç İskemik İnme Hastalarında Etiyolojik inceleme
Authors: İNAN Rahşan Adviye , ÖZER Duygu , ÖZEN BARUT Banu 
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı genç inme hastalarında inme etiyolojisinin ve risk faktörlerinin yaş ve cinsiyet ile ilişkisinin araştırılması ve tekrarlayan inme geçiren hastalarda inme tekrarına neden olabilecek olası risk faktörlerinin saptanmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastanemizde akut iskemik inme tanısıyla yatırılmış 55 yaş ve altı 150 hastanın kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, vasküler risk faktörleri, inme etiyolojisine yönelik biyokimyasal tetkikleri ve görüntüleme bulguları kaydedilmiştir. İnme alt tipleri TOAST sınıflaması kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. İlk kez ve tekrarlayan inme geçiren hastaların risk faktörleri ve inme alt tipleri cinsiyet ve yaşa göre değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hastaların 111’i erkek (%74), 39’u kadındı (%26). 83’ü ( % 55.3 ) 45 yaş ve altındaydı. En sık izlenen risk faktörleri HT (% 46), sigara içmek (%45.3) ve dislipidemi ( % 32.7) idi. Sigara içme oranı erkeklerde anlamlı bir şekilde yüksekti ( p< 0,0001). Hipertansiyon ve diyabetes mellitus 45 yaş üstü hasta grubunda daha fazlaydı (p= 0,009, p = 0,022). Erkek cinsiyet, 45 yaş üstü olmak ve hipertansiyon arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı (p = .003). Küçük damar hastalığı her iki yaş grubunda en sık izlenen inme alt tipiydi. 19 hastada (%12.6) tekrarlayan inme saptandı. Risk faktörleri ve inme alt tipi açısından ilk kez ve tekrarlayıcı inme geçiren hasta grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı.
Sonuç: Hipertansiyon, sigara içmek ve hiperlipidemi genç popülasyonda en sık izlenen inme risk faktörleri olup, 45 yaş üstü hipertansif ve diyabetik erkeklerde inme riski daha fazladır. Genç hastalarda değiştirilebilir risk faktörlerinin saptanıp tedavi edilmesi inme tekrarının önlenmesi açısından önemlidir.
Instytucja budżetu obywatelskiego jako narzędzia rozwoju samorządu lokalnego
Authors: Rybińska Daria 
Published: February 2021

Budżet obywatelski jest uważany za jedno z najlepszych narzędzi, uwzględniających preferencje mieszkańców w procesie zarządzania środkami publicznymi. Jest on instrumentem, pozwalającym mieszkańcom na współdecydowanie o kierunku wydatkowania środków z budżetu samorządu lokalnego. W artykule podjęto próbę określenia wpływu instytucji budżetu obywatelskiego na rozwój jednostki samorządu terytorialnego.
W tym celu poddano analizie cztery edycje budżetu obywatelskiego miasta Łodzi, przeprowadzone w latach 2013–2016. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na zasady przeprowadzania budżetu, rodzaje zrealizowanych zadań oraz kierunki wydatkowania środków. Na koniec zaprezentowano wnioski płynące z przeprowadzonej analizy, które potwierdzają, iż budżet obywatelski jest narzędziem wpływającym na rozwój samorządu lokalnego.
Postoperative Prophylactic Antibiotics in Spine Surgery
Authors: Abola Matthew V. , Lin Charles C. , Lin Lawrence J. , Schreiber-Stainthorp William , Frempong-Boadu Anthony , Buckland Aaron J. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Surgical site infections are common and costly complications after spine surgery. Prophylactic antibiotics are the standard of care; however, the appropriate duration of antibiotics has yet to be adequately addressed. We sought to determine whether the duration of antibiotic administration (preoperatively only versus preoperatively and for 24 hours postoperatively) impacts postoperative infection rates.

Methods:
All patients undergoing inpatient spinal procedures at a single institution from 2011 to 2018 were evaluated for inclusion. A minimum of 1 year of follow-up was used to adequately capture postoperative infections. The 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching technique was used between patients who did and did not receive postoperative antibiotics, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to control for confounding.

Results:
A total of 4,454 patients were evaluated and, of those, 2,672 (60%) received 24 hours of postoperative antibiotics and 1,782 (40%) received no postoperative antibiotics. After propensity-matched analysis, there was no difference between patients who received postoperative antibiotics and those who did not in terms of the infection rate (1.8% compared with 1.5%). No significant decrease in the odds of postoperative infection was noted in association with the use of postoperative antibiotics (odds ratio = 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.620 to 2.23; p = 0.628). Additionally, there was no observed increase in the risk of Clostridium difficile infection or in the short-term rate of infection with multidrug-resistant organisms.

Conclusions:
There was no difference in the rate of surgical site infections between patients who received 24 hours of postoperative antibiotics and those who did not. Additionally, we found no observable risks, such as more antibiotic-resistant infections and C. difficile infections, with prolonged antibiotic use.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
FracBot Technology for Mapping Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Alshehri Abdallah A. , Martins Carlos H. , Lin Shih-Chun , Akyildiz Ian F. , Schmidt Howard K. 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Miniaturized transponder systems are under development for monitoring unconventional reservoirs, mapping hydraulic fractures, and determining other wellbore parameters. These gadgets are an extension of radio-frequency identification (RFID) and are known as fracture robot (FracBot) nodes to recognize wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) for characterization and mapping of hydraulic breakages in unconventional reservoirs. 3D constellation maps of proppant-bed placement are generated by autonomous localization algorithms as FracBots are injected during hydraulic-fracturing operations. To investigate this model, a FracBot platform was established to explore this concept, and three basic functions have been explained. First, we have developed an innovative cross-layer communication model for magnetic-induction (MI) networks in altering underground environments, coupled with selections of coding, modulation, and power control and a geographic forwarding structure. Second, we have developed an innovative MI-based localization framework to capture the locations of the randomly deployed FracBot nodes by exploiting the exceptional properties of the MI field. Third, we have proposed an energy model for a linear FracBot network scheme that provides reasonable data rates while preserving collected energy limitations. Finally, to examine the functionalities of FracBot nodes in air, sand, and stone media, a physical MI-based WUSN test bed was implemented. Experiments indicated that the constructed FracBots can form a communication link and transfer data over amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation with 1.6 kbit/sec as a data rate and a minimum receiver sensitivity of −70 dBm. The performance of near-field-communication (NFC) antennas was affected by sand and stone media, which ultimately affect MI signal propagation and decrease the energy transfer. In sand or stone media, augmented mismatch between transmitter and receiver antennas was detected, leading to the decision that an advanced matching circuit design or an adaptive-frequency feature should be integrated into the FracBot design. This permits an optimal energy transmission and consistent communication link through sand and stone media.
Well Shear Associated with Conventional and Unconventional Operations: Diagnosis and Mechanisms
Authors: Ewy Russell T. 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Wells are sometimes deformed due to geomechanical shear slip, which occurs on a localized slip surface, such as a bedding plane, fault, or natural fracture. This can occur in the overburden above a conventional reservoir (during production) or within an unconventional reservoir (during completion operations). Shear slip will usually deform the casing into a recognizable shape, with lateral offset and two opposite-trending bends, and ovalized cross sections. Multifinger casing caliper tools have a recognizable response to this shape and are especially useful for diagnosing well shear. Certain other tools can also provide evidence for shear deformation. Shear deformations above a depleting, compacting reservoir are usually due to slip on bedding planes. They usually occur at multiple depths and are driven by overburden bending in response to reservoir differential compaction. Shear deformations in unconventional reservoirs, for the examples studied, have been found to be caused by slip on bedding planes and natural fractures. In both cases, models, field data, and physical reasoning suggest that slip occurs primarily due to fluid pressurization of the interface. In the case of bedding plane slip, fracturing pressure greater than the vertical stress (in regions where the vertical stress is the intermediate stress) could lead to propagation of a horizontal fracture, which then slips in shear.
An Interpretable Interflow Simulated Graph Neural Network for Reservoir Connectivity Analysis
Authors: Wang Haochen , Han Jianfa , Zhang Kai , Yao Chuanjin , Ma Xiaopeng , Zhang Liming , Yang Yongfei , Zhang Huaqing , Yao Jun 
Published: February 2021

SummaryReservoir connectivity analysis plays an essential role in controlling water cut in the middle and later stages of reservoir development. The traditional analysis methods, such as well test and tracer, may result in interruption and high reservoir development costs. Analyzing connectivity through history data is an advisable alternative method because the fluctuation of data reflects interwell interference. However, most of the former data-driven methods, such as capacitance and resistance model (CRM), estimate connectivity using formulas in relatively simple forms, leading to inadequate expression for underground interwell flow. In this paper, an interpretable recurrent graph neural network (GNN) is proposed to construct an interacting process imitating the real interwell flow regularity and overcoming the weakness in previous methods. In contrast, it is formed by a deep enough neural network structure with a relatively larger number of parameters when compared with the CRM model. In detail, this method makes the first use of both rate information and bottomhole pressure (BHP) to completely describe the hidden state of wells and the energy information exchanged among them, which are then continually updated in spatial and temporal ways.Meanwhile, a self-defined recurrent structure deals with the time lag and attenuation phenomenon as it records the residual energy from past timestamps. Finally, it calculates BHP for each production well with the manually specified production rate as extra input data. Detailed results are presented in two examples. Our proposed method shows significant advantages to other methods due to its reasonable structure and great ability to fit nonlinear mapping.