bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pathogenetic significance of endothelial dysfunction in the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Reznikova E. A. , Gordeeva M. A. , Babaeva A. R. 
Published: December 2021

Objective: to determine the level of circulating markers of endothelial dysfunction (endothelin‑1, von Willebrand factor (vfV), endothelial NO-synthase (e‑NOS)) in the blood serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as to assess the pathogenetic significance endothelial dysfunction in the development of diabetic nephropathy.Materials and methods: the study included 93 patients with type 2 DM, including 28 men (30.1%) and 65 women (69.9%), aged 30 to 79 years, the average age of patients was 59.7±8.4 of the year. The main group included patients with both newly diagnosed type 2 DM and a long-term diabetic history. The duration of the disease averaged 9.5±7.5 years. The majority of patients with DM type 2 (92.5%) at the time of inclusion in the study had various variants of microvascular complications of diabetes, only a small number of patientsin this group (7.5%) had no signs of diabetic angiopathy. Signs of various stages of diabetic nephropathy were observed in 60 patients (69.2%). The comparison group consisted of 30 patients with essential arterial hypertension, including 12 men (40%) and 18 women (60%), aged 34 to 70 years, on average 56.1 ± 8.1 years. The control group consisted of 32 apparently healthy individuals. In all patients, along with routine methods of clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination, the level of circulating markers of endothelial dysfunction (endothelin‑1, von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelial NO-synthase (e‑NOS)) in blood serum was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: in patients with DM type 2 and diabetic nephropathy, a statistically significant increase in the concentration of circulating markers of endothelial dysfunction was revealed in comparison with hypertensive patients and healthy individuals. An increase in the level of endothelin‑1 relative to the borderline reference value was found in 73 (78.5±4.1%), vfV in 63 (67.7±4.8%) and e‑NOS in 65 (69.9±4.7%) of patients with DM type 2. In the groups of participants with hypertension and healthy individuals, endothelial imbalance was noted by us significantly less often than in patients with DM type 2, the levels of endothelin‑1 and vfV in people with hypertension were increased in more cases than in healthy individuals. It was noted that the levels of circulating markers of endothelial dysfunction increase with an increase in the duration of DM type 2, and also significantly increase under conditions of carbohydrate decompensation.Conclusion: the results obtained confirm the pathogenetic role of endothelial dysfunction in the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, increasing endothelial imbalance in persons with a long diabetic history and lack of compensation for carbohydrate metabolism.
Iterative Development of a Mobile Phone App to Support Community Health Volunteers During Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya: Qualitative Study
Authors: Stocks Jacob , Choi Yujung , Ibrahim Saduma , Huchko Megan 
Published: December 2021

Background
To achieve the World Health Organization targets for cervical cancer elimination, low- and middle-income countries will need to develop innovative strategies to provide human papillomavirus (HPV)–based screening at a population level. Although mobile health (mHealth) interventions may help realize these goals by filling gaps in electronic specimen tracking and patient education, effective implementation of mHealth interventions is dependent upon context-specific development that is acceptable and usable by the target population. Detailed feedback should be gathered at the design and development stages to yield final products that reflect the needs, desires, and capabilities of target users.

Objective
The aim of this study is to develop an mHealth app (mSaada) to support HPV-based screening in partnership with community health volunteers (CHVs) and program planners in western Kenya.

Methods
A team of student programmers developed a prototype to meet previously identified gaps in screening: patient education, protocol support, data capture, and specimen tracking. The prototype was iteratively developed through 2 waves of in-person working sessions with quantitative (survey) and qualitative (in-depth interview) feedback. Research staff engaged key stakeholders from both urban and rural locations and with varying levels of experience in delivering screening services. During the sessions, participants completed simulation exercises and role-play activities to become familiar with the platform. Once feedback was gathered and synthesized after each wave of in-person data collection, developers implemented changes to improve mSaada functionality.

Results
A total of 18 CHVs and clinicians participated in the in-person sessions. Participants found mSaada useful, easy to use, and would meet the needs of CHVs to provide HPV-based cervical cancer screening (electronic data capture, client education resources, and specimen tracking). They provided key feedback to enhance user experience, workflow, and sustainability. Key changes included altering the appearance of the wireframes, adding translation in additional local languages, changing potentially insensitive figures, alphabetizing lengthy dropdown menus, adding clinically relevant logic checks when entering data, and incorporating the ability to make real time edits to client records. They also made recommendations for additional features that might enhance mSaada’s impact at the facility and health system levels, specifically the inclusion of a report-generating tool consistent with the Ministry of Health standards.

Conclusions
Using a process of iterative feedback with key stakeholders and rapid response from developers, we have developed a mobile app ready for pilot testing in HPV-based screening programs led by CHVs.
Examining Twitter Discourse on Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Consumption During National Cancer Prevention Month in 2018: Topic Modeling and Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Lu Jiahui , Lee Edmund W J 
Published: December 2021

Background
Examining public perception of tobacco products is critical for effective tobacco policy making and public education outreach. While the link between traditional tobacco products and lung cancer is well established, it is not known how the public perceives the association between electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and lung cancer. In addition, it is unclear how members of the public interact with official messages during cancer campaigns on tobacco consumption and lung cancer.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to analyze e-cigarette and smoking tweets in the context of lung cancer during National Cancer Prevention Month in 2018 and examine how e-cigarette and traditional tobacco product discussions relate to implementation of tobacco control policies across different states in the United States.

Methods
We mined tweets that contained the term “lung cancer” on Twitter from February to March 2018. The data set contained 13,946 publicly available tweets that occurred during National Cancer Prevention Month (February 2018), and 10,153 tweets that occurred during March 2018. E-cigarette–related and smoking-related tweets were retrieved, using topic modeling and geospatial analysis.

Results
Debates on harmfulness (454/915, 49.7%), personal experiences (316/915, 34.5%), and e-cigarette risks (145/915, 15.8%) were the major themes of e-cigarette tweets related to lung cancer. Policy discussions (2251/3870, 58.1%), smoking risks (843/3870, 21.8%), and personal experiences (776/3870, 20.1%) were the major themes of smoking tweets related to lung cancer. Geospatial analysis showed that discussion on e-cigarette risks was positively correlated with the number of state-level smoke-free policies enacted for e-cigarettes. In particular, the number of indoor and on campus smoke-free policies was related to the number of tweets on e-cigarette risks (smoke-free indoor, r49=0.33, P=.02; smoke-free campus, r49=0.32, P=.02). The total number of e-cigarette policies was also positively related to the number of tweets on e-cigarette risks (r49=0.32, P=.02). In contrast, the number of smoking policies was not significantly associated with any of the smoking themes in the lung cancer discourse (P>.13).

Conclusions
Though people recognized the importance of traditional tobacco control policies in reducing lung cancer incidences, their views on e-cigarette risks were divided, and discussions on the importance of e-cigarette policy control were missing from public discourse. Findings suggest the need for health organizations to continuously engage the public in discussions on the potential health risks of e-cigarettes and raise awareness of the insidious lobbying efforts from the tobacco industry.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Ecological Momentary Assessment With Young Adults Who Are Currently or Were Formerly Homeless: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Semborski Sara , Henwood Benjamin , Redline Brian , Dzubur Eldin , Mason Tyler , Intille Stephen 
Published: December 2021

Background
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used with young people experiencing homelessness to gather information on contexts associated with homelessness and risk behavior in real time and has proven feasible in this population. However, the extent to which EMA may affect the attitudes or behaviors of young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless and are residing in supportive housing has not been well investigated.

Objective
This study aims to describe the feedback regarding EMA study participation from young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless and examine the reactivity to EMA participation and compliance.

Methods
This mixed methods study used cross-sectional data collected before and after EMA, intensive longitudinal data from a 7-day EMA prompting period, and focus groups of young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless in Los Angeles, California, between 2017 and 2019.

Results
Qualitative data confirmed the quantitative findings. Differences in the experience of EMA between young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless were found to be related to stress or anxiety, interference with daily life, difficulty charging, behavior change, and honesty in responses. Anxiety and depression symptomatology decreased from before to after EMA; however, compliance was not significantly associated with this decrease.

Conclusions
The results point to special considerations when administering EMA to young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless. EMA appears to be slightly more burdensome for young adults who are currently homeless than for those residing in supportive housing, which are nuances to consider in the study design. The lack of a relationship between study compliance and symptomatology suggests low levels of reactivity.
Waiting Time for Second Kidney Transplantation and Mortality
Authors: Kainz Alexander , Kammer Michael , Reindl-Schwaighofer Roman , Strohmaier Susanne , Petr Vojtěch , Viklicky Ondrej , Abramowicz Daniel , Naik Marcel , Mayer Gert , Oberbauer Rainer 
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives
The median kidney transplant half-life is 10–15 years. Because of the scarcity of donor organs and immunologic sensitization of candidates for retransplantation, there is a need for quantitative information on if and when a second transplantation is no longer associated with a lower risk of mortality compared with waitlisted patients treated by dialysis. Therefore, we investigated the association of time on waiting list with patient survival in patients who received a second transplantation versus remaining on the waiting list.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In this retrospective study using target trial emulation, we analyzed data of 2346 patients from the Austrian Dialysis and Transplant Registry and Eurotransplant with a failed first graft, aged over 18 years, and waitlisted for a second kidney transplantation in Austria during the years 1980–2019. The differences in restricted mean survival time and hazard ratios for all-cause mortality comparing the treatment strategies “retransplant” versus “remain waitlisted with maintenance dialysis” are reported for different waiting times after first graft loss.

Results
Second kidney transplantation showed a longer restricted mean survival time at 10 years of follow-up compared with remaining on the waiting list (5.8 life months gained; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 11.1). This survival difference was diminished in patients with longer waiting time after loss of the first allograft; restricted mean survival time differences at 10 years were 8.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 14.0) and 0.1 life months gained (95% confidence interval, −14.3 to 15.2) for patients with waiting time for retransplantation of <1 and 8 years, respectively.

Conclusions
Second kidney transplant is associated with patient survival compared with remaining waitlisted and treatment by dialysis, but the survival difference diminishes with longer waiting time.
English Case report: Succesfully Management of Critical Pulmonary Stenosis in a 12-Month-Old Boy By percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty
Authors: Koentartiwi Dyahris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Critical pulmonary stenosis (PS) is used in infants born with very severe narrowing valves and requires treatment soon after birth. At four months old, an A-12-month-old boy was diagnosed with critical pulmonary stenosis but still successfully managed by percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty (PTBV) with satisfactory results without serious complications. Since he was born, cyanosis was seen at his lips and fingertip, with oxygen saturation around 60% until 70%. Echocardiography showed critical pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect (ASD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty (PTBV) is accepted as the treatment of choice for critical pulmonary valve stenosis in many centers worldwide with significant results. After PTBV, he experienced improvement condition as no cyanosis was observed and oxygen saturation was 96%. This case was our first PTBV intervention case in our hospital and gave satisfactory results, although the intervention was delayed due to our limited resources before.
Keywords: cyanosis, critical pulmonary stenosis, percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty
Дачное строительство в СССР в 1930-е годы на примере «Городка писателей» в Переделкине
Authors: Старостенко Юлия 
Published: December 2021

В статье на основе архивных документов, выявленных в фондах ГАРФ (Государственный архив Российский Федера­ции), РГАЛИ (Российский государственный архив литературы и искусства) и ЦГАМ0 (Центральный государственный архив Московской области), предпринята попытка реконструировать историю появления одного из самых известных дачных посёлков СССР 1930-х годов - «Городка писателей» в Переделкине. Особое внимание в статье уделено детальному восстановлению событий, связанных с разработкой проектной документации и ходом стро­ительства «городка», а также получением финансирования на осуществление всех этих работ. Иными словами, тем процессам, которые редко попадают в поле зрения специалистов, но без­условно важны для изучения истории архитектуры, поскольку позволяют с качественно иных позиций анализировать иссле­дуемый объект. Разрозненные архивные материалы, многие из которых вводятся в научный оборот впервые, позволили также установить авторство дачных домов, архитектура которых до сих пор является «визитной карточкой» Переделкина. Несмотря на довольно специфический характер дошедших до настоящего времени документов, связанных с реализацией замысла «Го­родка писателей» (преимущественно это результаты различных проверок строительства), материалы статьи дают уникальную возможность понять, как родилась необычная архитектура дач в Переделкине, почему, несмотря на разработку типовых про­ектов, в «городке» изначально не было абсолютно одинаковых построек и какую роль в этом сыграли заказчики строительства - советские писатели. Кроме того, в статье поднимается тема взаимоотношения власти и творческой интеллигенции, очень важная для осмысления эпохи 1930-х годов[1].

[1] Исследование выполнено за счет средств Государственной программы Российской Федерации в рамках Плана фундаментальных научных исследо­ваний Минстроя России и РААСН.
Long-term assessment of conventional and mini-screw–assisted rapid palatal expansion on the nasal cavity
Authors: Mehta Shivam , Gandhi Vaibhav , Vich Manuel Lagravere , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Tadinada Aditya , Yadav Sumit 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the long-term effects of mini-screw–assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE), rapid palatal expansion (RPE), and controls on the nasal cavity with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and MethodsA total of 180 CBCT scans that were part of a previous randomized trial were evaluated retrospectively for 60 patients at pretreatment (T1), postexpansion (T2), and posttreatment (T3). Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups: MARPE, RPE, and controls (time period T1 to T3; MARPE: 2 years 8 months; RPE: 2 years 9 months; control: 2 years 7 months). Nasal height, nasal length, nasion–ANS height, ANS–PNS length, pyriform height, and nasal septal deviation angle were measured. The changes in alar width, alar base width, anterior nasal cavity width, posterior nasal cavity width, maxillary intermolar width, and maxillary intercanine width were also evaluated.ResultsThe alar base width, posterior nasal cavity width, anterior nasal cavity width, maxillary intercanine width, and maxillary intermolar width significantly increased (P &lt; .05), and the nasal septal deviation angle significantly decreased (P &lt; .05) in both the MARPE and RPE groups as compared with controls in the short term. In the long term, the nasal septal deviation angle was significantly decreased (P &lt; .05) in the MARPE and RPE groups as compared with controls, and the posterior nasal cavity width was significantly increased (P &lt; .05) in the MARPE group compared with the RPE group and controls.ConclusionsMARPE and RPE led to a significant increase in the nasal cavity and alar base width compared with controls in the short term. In the long term, a significant increase was observed only in the posterior nasal cavity width with MARPE. Both MARPE and RPE led to a minimal decrease in nasal septal deviation angle in comparison with controls.
Infeksi pada Vagina (Vaginitis)
Authors: Utami Luh Putu Prihandini , Sri Wahyuni Ni Putu Dewi 
Published: December 2021

Infeksi pada vagina sering dikenal dengan istilah vaginitis. Penyebab vaginitis, 70% diantaranya disebabkan oleh bakterial vaginosis, candidiasis, dan trikomoniasis. Sedangkan sisanya 30% dapat disebabkan oleh faktor lain seperti penurunan estrogen. Vaginitis terjadi pada wanita yang telah memasuki fase pubertas maupun akan memasuki fase menopause dengan faktor resiko berupa kurangnya higenitas, hubungan seksual tanpa pengaman dengan banyak pasangan, penyakit menular seksual, dan lainnya. Gejala dan ciri khas masing-masing tipe vaginitis dapat dibedakan berdasarkan gambaran discharge yang dihasilkan serta kondisi fisik dari vagina. Dalam menentukan diagnosis dari vaginitis dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan penunjang berupa pengukuran pH vagina, kriteria amsel, whiff test, dan mikroskopi menggunakan KOH dan saline. Pengobatan vaginitis dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian obat topical ataupun sistemik sesuai dengan tipe penyebab vaginitis. Penyakit infeksi vagina ini tidak sampai menyebabkan kematian. Namun apabila tidak ditangani dengan tepat dapat menimbulkan komplikasi, berupa radang panggul, servisitis mukopurulent, selusitis vagina, kemudian apabila dialami oleh ibu hamil dapat menyebabkan keguguran, ketuban pecah dini, kelahiran premature, korioamnionitis, dan infeksi cairan ketuban. Prognosis pada penyakit vaginitis ini umumnya baik dan hampir semua dapat disembuhkan, namun yang patut diwaspadai adalah vaginitis yang berulang atau recurrent karena dapat menyebabkan komplikasi. Pencegahan vaginitis dapat dilakukan dengan tindakan menjaga higenitas vagina serta penggunaan pengaman saat berhubungan seksual. Kata kunci: Vaginitis, Gejala, Tatalaksana
Diet Divertikulitis
Authors: Dwiyanti Dewa Ayu Ari , Suputra Putu Adi 
Published: December 2021

Divertikulitis adalah peradangan pada divertikula ( kantong kecil yang menonjol yang dapat terbentuk di lapisan sistem pencernaan,terutama di usus besar) dan merupakan komplikasi penting dari penyakit divertikular. Patofisiologi dari divertikulitis adalah penyumbatan kantung divertikulum oleh fecalith, yang dengan iritasi pada mukosa menyebabkan peradangan tingkat rendah, kemacetan dan obstruksi lebih lanjut. Divertikulitis dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu divertikulitis tidak rumit dan divertikultis rumit. Diverikulitis ini memiliki gejala seperti mual, muntah , nyeri abdomen, konstipasi, Kelemahan dan keletihan. Pengobatan divertikulitis dilakukan sesuai dengan tergantung pada seberapa parah kondisi yang dialami. Jika divertikulitis yang dialami berat atau rumit maka diperlukan penanganan reseksi bedah, sedangkan divertikulitis ringan atau tidak rumit dimana belum mengalami komplikasi dapat diberikan pengobatan antibiotik ataupun modifikasi diet. Modifikasi diet contohnya diet tinggi serat untuk mengoptimalkan pergerakan usus mereka, namun ini disarankan setelah episode akut telah diselesaikan dan diet FODMAP (Fermentable, Oligo, Disakarida, Monosakarida, serta Poliol) yang rendah dapat membantu mencegah terulangnya divertikulitis. Diet tinggi serat adalah modifikasi dari susunan makanan biasa dengan menambah bahan pangan yang banyak mengandung serat pangan, sedangkan FODMAP (Fermentable, Oligosakarida, Disakarida, Monosakarida, serta Poliol), adalah kelompok heterogen dari karbohidrat dan poliol rantai pendek yang sangat mudah difermentasi tetapi kurang terserap. Kata kunci: Divertikulitis, Diet Tinggi Serat, dan Diet Rendah FODMAP
Penurunan Fungsi Kognitif Akibat Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Okaniawan Putu Enrico Pramana , Agustini Ni Nyoman Mestri 
Published: December 2021

Penyakit diabetes melitus merupakan suatu golongan penyakit sistemik yang merupakan penyakit yang dapat mempengaruhi seluruh tubuh. Berdasarkan studi neuroimaging dan neuropatologis, diabetes melitus rupanya terlibat dalam proses degenerasi saraf. Etiologi dari penurunan kemampuan kognitif ialah beberapa penyakit degeneratif seperti alzheimer. Faktor resiko dari penurunan kemampuan kognitif akibat diabetes ialah kejadian berulang episode hipoglikemia, pasien dengan manifestasi mikrovaskular (seperti diabetic retinopathy) atau penyakit makrovaskular (seperti infark atau stroke miokard), resistensi insulin, peradangan, dan depresi. Penyakit ini dapat mempengaruhi kognitif melalui gangguan pada pembuluh darah otak. Efek DMT1 terhadap gangguan kognitif dapat terjadi pada anak serta efek DMT2 dapat meningkatkan resiko gangguan kognitif ringan menjadi demensia. Saat ini belum ada teknik diagnosis dan tatalaksana yang terbaik, namun sejumlah penelitian klinis telah menyoroti potensi Traditional Chinese Medicine dalam proses tatalaksana ini Kata kunci: Diabetes Melitus, Kognitif, Memori