bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis of electron acoustic shock waves in magnetized superthermal plasma with electron beam
Authors: Bansal Sona , Gill Tarsem S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe have analysed the small‐amplitude non‐linear electron acoustic shock waves by taking into account the effects of electron beam in magnetized plasma. Satellite observations in different regions of the Earth's magnetosphere have shown that the electrostatic solitary waves are generally associated with electron or/and ion beams. The nonlinear Korteweg‐de‐Vries Burgers (KdVB) equation has been derived by considering the basic fluid equations and dissipation effects. The nonlinear coefficient of KdVB equation comes out to be negative. Only dip‐shaped potential structures are reported here. For the parameters discussed in this paper, we did not find positive polarity shocks. This could be due to the restrictions on the plasma parameters since we are using the fixed densities of the cold, hot, and beam electrons as observed by the Viking satellite in the auroral region. In this paper, the importance of the cold electron to hot electron temperature in conjunction with the beam speed is pointed out. Increase in beam density, kinematic viscosity, and magnetic field results in increase in the amplitude while the increase in hot electron concentration and superthermality leads to decrease in potential. The numerical analysis is presented for the parameters corresponding to the observation of burst b event by Viking satellite in the dayside auroral zone of the earth's magnetosphere.
Development and validation of a high‐sensitivity assay for measuring p217+tau in plasma
Authors: Triana‐Baltzer Gallen , Moughadam Setareh , Slemmon Randy , Van Kolen Kristof , Theunis Clara , Mercken Marc , Kolb Hartmuth C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionDiagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on amyloid beta (A), pathologic tau (T), and neurodegeneration (N) biomarkers in peripheral fluids promises to accelerate clinical trials and intercept disease earlier.MethodsQualification of a Simoa plasma p217+tau assay was performed, followed by clinical utility evaluation in a cohort of 227 subjects with broad A and T spectrum.ResultsThe p217+tau plasma assay was accurate, precise, dilution linear, and highly sensitive. All measured samples were within linear range of the assay, presented higher concentration in AD versus healthy controls (P < .0001), and plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels correlated (r2 = 0.35). The plasma p217+tau results were predictive of central T and A status (area under the curve = 0.90 and 0.90, respectively) with low false +/– rates.DiscussionThe assay described here exhibits good technical performance and shows potential as a highly accurate peripheral biomarker for A or T status in AD and cognitively normal subjects.
The intersect of gastrointestinal symptoms and malnutrition associated with anorexia nervosa and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Functional or pathophysiologic?—A systematic review
Authors: Gibson Dennis , Watters Ashlie , Mehler Philip S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough multiple pathophysiologic changes develop within the gastrointestinal (GI) system in the setting of malnutrition, the etiology of the reported multitude of symptoms in those with anorexia nervosa and avoidant restrictive intake disorder, as well as their contribution toward disordered eating, remain poorly understood. This systematic review seeks to better understand how these physiologic changes of malnutrition of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and pancreas contribute toward the reported GI symptoms, as well as better understand how celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pelvic floor dysfunction, and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome contribute toward disordered eating.MethodsStudies of any design exploring the pathogenesis of complications and treatment strategies were included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines were used to structure and complete the review.ResultsA total of 146 articles were used for the review. The majority of studies were observational or case reports/case series.DiscussionPathophysiologic changes of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines develop with malnutrition, although these changes do not consistently correlate with expressed GI symptoms in patients with restrictive eating disorders. Celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease also contribute to disordered eating through the associated somatic GI complaints, while pelvic floor dysfunction and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome contribute through both somatic symptoms and functional symptoms. Indeed, functional GI symptoms remain problematic during the course of treatment, and further research is required to better understand the extent to which these symptoms are functional in nature and remit or remain as treatment ensues.
The relationship between working alliance with peer mentors and eating psychopathology in a digital 6‐week guided self‐help intervention for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Albano Gaia , Cardi Valentina , Kivlighan Dennis M. , Ambwani Suman , Treasure Janet , Lo Coco Gianluca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe quality of working alliance (WA) is associated with treatment outcomes across several types of psychiatric disorders and psychological interventions. This study examined the role of WA with peer mentors (people with lived experience of illness) and student mentors (graduated psychology students) in a 6‐week, digital, guided self‐help (GSH) intervention for anorexia nervosa.MethodNinety‐nine patients rated weekly, for 6 weeks: (a) eating psychopathology using the short version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐QS) and (b) WA with a student mentor (n = 14) or a peer mentor (n = 10). WA was assessed by asking patients the extent to which they felt comfortable working with their mentor and the extent to which they agreed with them on the goals for support. WA with mentors and the association with eating psychopathology change were measured on a session‐by‐session basis. The analysis involved a random intercepts cross‐lagged panel model.ResultsWA with peer mentors was slightly higher than WA with students (ES = 0.3). Peer mentors' WA in the previous session was significantly associated with eating psychopathology ratings in the next session. No significant relationship was found between the previous session's EDE‐QS scores and peer mentor alliance in the following session. In the student mentor group, there were no session‐by‐session associations between WA and eating psychopathology. However, greater WA with the student mentor across sessions was associated with less eating psychopathology.DiscussionThese findings suggest that clinical outcomes are in part associated with the characteristics of the mentor delivering guidance in an online GSH for eating disorders.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the prevalence and odds of eating disorders in patients with celiac disease and vice‐versa
Authors: Nikniaz Zeinab , Beheshti Samineh , Abbasalizad Farhangi Mahdieh , Nikniaz Leila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn the present systematic review and meta‐analysis study, we aimed to review studies that assessed the prevalence and risk of eating disorders (EDs) in patients with celiac disease (CD) and vice‐versa.MethodWe conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies that assessed the prevalence and risk of AN in patients with CD and vice‐versa. Joanna Briggs Institute tools were used for critical appraisal. The STATA software was used for the meta‐analysis of the random‐effect model.ResultsIn this study, 23 observational studies were included. The results of the meta‐analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence of EDs and bulimia nervosa in patients with CD was 8.88% [95% CI: 6.4, 11.7] and 7.26% [95% CI: 0.23, 21.57], respectively. Moreover, the risk of anorexia nervosa in patients with CD was significantly higher than in the healthy population (relative risk [RR]: 1.48 [95% CI: 1.32, 1.64]). The rates of CD in patients with AN and EDs were 0.96% [95% CI: 0.15, 2.31] and 0.90% [95% CI: 0.56, 1.31], respectively. Moreover, the overall risk of CD in patients with AN was significantly higher compared with healthy adults (RR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.27–3.44]).DiscussionThe result of the present meta‐analysis showed the high prevalence of EDs in patients with CD. Moreover, there was a significant bidirectional association between CD and EDs.
Great chemistry between us: The link between plant chemical defenses and butterfly evolution
Authors: van der Linden Corné F. H. , WallisDeVries Michiel F. , Simon Sabrina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlants constantly cope with insect herbivory, which is thought to be the evolutionary driver for the immense diversity of plant chemical defenses. Herbivorous insects are in turn restricted in host choice by the presence of plant chemical defense barriers. In this study, we analyzed whether butterfly host–plant patterns are determined by the presence of shared plant chemical defenses rather than by shared plant evolutionary history. Using correlation and phylogenetic statistics, we assessed the impact of host–plant chemical defense traits on shaping northwestern European butterfly assemblages at a macroevolutionary scale. Shared chemical defenses between plant families showed stronger correlation with overlap in butterfly assemblages than phylogenetic relatedness, providing evidence that chemical defenses may determine the assemblage of butterflies per plant family rather than shared evolutionary history. Although global congruence between butterflies and host–plant families was detected across the studied herbivory interactions, cophylogenetic statistics showed varying levels of congruence between butterflies and host chemical defense traits. We attribute this to the existence of multiple antiherbivore traits across plant families and the diversity of insect herbivory associations per plant family. Our results highlight the importance of plant chemical defenses in community ecology through their influence on insect assemblages.
N supply mediates the radiative balance of N2O emissions and CO2 sequestration driven by N‐fixing vs. non‐fixing trees
Authors: Kou‐Giesbrecht Sian , Funk Jennifer L. , Perakis Steven S. , Wolf Amelia A. , Menge Duncan N. L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractForests are a significant CO2 sink. However, CO2 sequestration in forests is radiatively offset by emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, from forest soils. Reforestation, an important strategy for mitigating climate change, has focused on maximizing CO2 sequestration in plant biomass without integrating N2O emissions from soils. Although nitrogen (N)‐fixing trees are often recommended for reforestation because of their rapid growth on N‐poor soil, they can stimulate significant N2O emissions from soils. Here, we first used a field experiment to show that a N‐fixing tree (Robinia pseudoacacia) initially mitigated climate change more than a non‐fixing tree (Betula nigra). We then used our field data to parameterize a theoretical model to investigate these effects over time. Under lower N supply, N‐fixers continued to mitigate climate change more than non‐fixers by overcoming N limitation of plant growth. However, under higher N supply, N‐fixers ultimately mitigated climate change less than non‐fixers by enriching soil N and stimulating N2O emissions from soils. These results have implications for reforestation, suggesting that N‐fixing trees are more effective at mitigating climate change at lower N supply, whereas non‐fixing trees are more effective at mitigating climate change at higher N supply.
Visible‐Light Driven Organo‐photocatalyzed Multicomponent Reaction for C(sp3)−H Alkylation of Phosphoramides with in situ Generated Michael Acceptors
Authors: Ghosh Krishna Gopal , Das Debabrata , Chandu Palasetty , Sureshkumar Devarajulu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTandem, one‐pot, multicomponent reaction for direct α‐C(sp3)−H alkylation of phosphoramides and thiophosphoramides scaffolds are illustrated. The basic nature of phosphoramide leads to a diverse set of in situ generated Michael acceptors making the reactions highly atom and step economical. The reaction conditions are mild, entirely metal‐ and external additives free. Alkylated phosphoramides were obtained with good yields and selectivity using visible‐light organo‐photocatalysis.
Transition Metal‐Free Regioselective Remote C−H Bond 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethoxylation of 8‐Aminoquinoline Derivatives at the C5 Position
Authors: Ruyet Louise , Poisson Thomas , Besset Tatiana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe regioselective 2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxylation at the C5 position of amides derived from the 8‐aminoquinoline has been developed. In the presence of PIDA, an unprecedented and undirected transition metal‐free transformation was achieved using the readily available and appealing 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol as the fluorinated source. The selective distal 2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxylation of an array of amides was achieved in moderate to good yields (12 examples, up to 61 % yield). This approach provided efficient access to high‐value added fluorinated quinoline derivatives, key building blocks for bulk and fine chemical industry.
Au/In2O3 Nanocubes Based Label‐free Aptasensor for Ultrasensitive and Rapid Recognition of Cardiac Troponin I
Authors: Xu Weijia , Liu Tao , Wang Yiqing , Zhang Wei , Yao Xiaoyue , Hou Bailing , Xie Ying , Chu Zhenyu , Jin Wanqin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCardiac Troponin I (cTnI) is a preferred biomarker to diagnose acute myocardial infarction which is one of the leading risks to health globally due to its short term. However, clinical analyzers are difficult to achieve its on‐site quantitative detection. A novel label‐free aptasensor was constructed to realize ultrasensitive and rapid recognition of cTnI. A nanocubic AuNPs/In2O3 composite was designed to provide synergistic effects of abundant active sites and signal magnification for aptamers grafting. Relying on a conductance‐dependence strategy, this aptasensor can achieve the quantitative detection within 10 min, which is much faster than state‐of‐the‐art analyzers, as well as exhibiting an ultrawide linear range of 0.1–1000 ng/mL and a low detection limit of 0.06 ng/mL with an excellent selectivity in the analysis of human serum.
Tumor‐stroma ratio is associated with Miller‐Payne score and pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2‐negative early breast cancer
Authors: Hagenaars Sophie C. , de Groot Stefanie , Cohen Danielle , Dekker Tim J. A. , Charehbili Ayoub , Meershoek‐Klein Kranenbarg Elma , Duijm‐de Carpentier Marjolijn , Pijl Hanno , Putter Hein , Tollenaar Rob A. E. M. , Kroep Judith R. , Mesker Wilma E. ,   Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group (BOOG)
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe tumor‐stroma ratio (TSR) has proven to be a strong prognostic factor in breast cancer, demonstrating better survival for patients with stroma‐low tumors. Since the role of the TSR as a predictive marker for neoadjuvant chemotherapy outcome is yet unknown, this association was evaluated for HER2‐negative breast cancer in the prospective DIRECT and NEOZOTAC trials. The TSR was assessed on 375 hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections of pre‐treatment biopsies. Associations between the TSR and chemotherapy response according to the Miller‐Payne (MP) grading system, and between the TSR and pathological response were examined using Pearson's chi‐square, Cochran‐Armitage test for trend and regression analyses. A stroma‐low tumor prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly associated with a higher MP score (P = .005). This relationship remained significant in the estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative subgroup (P = .047). The univariable odds ratio (OR) of a stroma‐low tumor on pathological complete response (pCR) was 2.46 (95% CI 1.34‐4.51, P = .004), which attenuated to 1.90 (95% CI 0.85‐4.25, P = .119) after adjustment for relevant prognostic factors. Subgroup analyses revealed an OR of 5.91 in univariable analyses for ER‐negativity (95% CI 1.19‐29.48, P = .030) and 1.48 for ER‐positivity (95% CI 0.73‐3.01, P = .281). In conclusion, a low amount of stroma on pre‐treatment biopsies is associated with a higher MP score and pCR rate. Therefore, the TSR is a promising biomarker in predicting neoadjuvant treatment outcome. Incorporating this parameter in routine pathological diagnostics could be worthwhile to prevent overtreatment and undertreatment.
Promoting endogenous repair of skeletal muscle using regenerative biomaterials
Authors: Carleton Miranda M. , Sefton Michael V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscles normally have a remarkable ability to repair themselves; however, large muscle injuries and several myopathies diminish this ability leading to permanent loss of function. No clinical therapy yet exists that reliably restores muscle integrity and function following severe injury. Consequently, numerous tissue engineering techniques, both acellular and with cells, are being investigated to enhance muscle regeneration. Biomaterials are an essential part of these techniques as they can present physical and biochemical signals that augment the repair process. Successful tissue engineering strategies require regenerative biomaterials that either actively promote endogenous muscle repair or create an environment supportive of regeneration. This review will discuss several acellular biomaterial strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration with a focus on those under investigation in vivo. This includes materials that release bioactive molecules, biomimetic materials and immunomodulatory materials.
Mucosal defect closure after duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection using the reopenable‐clip over the line method
Authors: Nomura Tatsuma , Sugimoto Shinya , Tsuda Nobuyuki , Matsushima Ryutaro , Oyamada Jun , Kamei Akira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionClosure of mucosal defects after duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is important to prevent postoperative adverse events. Previously, we devised an underwater reopenable‐clip closure method for effective closure of mucosal defects under endoscopic guidance within the field of view. Recently, the usefulness of a method using a clip with a line passing through an accessory channel to close a mucosal defect has been reported. We also described a reopenable‐clip over the line method (ROLM) to completely close margin and the muscular layers of mucosal defects using a clip line.Case ReportOur patient was a 70‐year‐old woman with a 40‐mm duodenal tumor in the descending portion of the duodenum. The lesion was completely resected using ESD . In the result, the mucosal defect size was approximately 50 mm, representing about 3/4 of the duodenal circumference. A clip‐line closure was performed using ROLM to close the mucosal defect's margins completely. An additional clip was applied to close the mucosal defect after ESD completely. Subsequently, the line was fixed with a modified locking‐clip technique, closed, and cut with endoscopic scissors. The patient was discharged without any adverse events 9 days after the duodenal ESD.DiscussionMucosal defect closure after duodenal ESD using ROLM is a novel method that can reliably close mucosal defects.
Periodontal ligament stem cells in the periodontitis niche: inseparable interactions and mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Deng Mengting , Hao Meng , Tang Jianxia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPeriodontitis is characterized by the periodontium's pathologic destruction due to the host's overwhelmed inflammation to the dental plaque. The bacterial infections and subsequent host immune responses have shaped a distinct microenvironment, which generally affects resident periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that impaired PDLSCs may also contribute to the disturbance of periodontal homeostasis. The putative vicious circle underlying the interesting “positive feedback” of PDLSCs in the periodontitis niche remains a hot research topic, whereas the inseparable interactions between resident PDLSCs and the periodontitis niche are still not fully understood. This review provides a microscopic view on the periodontitis progression, especially the quick but delicate immune responses to oral dysbacterial infections. We also summarize the interesting crosstalk of the resident PDLSCs with their surrounding periodontitis niche and potential mechanisms. Particularly, the microenvironment reduces the osteogenic properties of resident PDLSCs, which are closely related to their reparative activity. Reciprocally, these impaired PDLSCs may disrupt the microenvironment by aggravating the host immune responses, promoting aberrant angiogenesis, and facilitating the osteoclastic activity. We further recommend that more in-depth studies are required to elucidate the interactions of PDLSCs with the periodontal microenvironment and provide novel interventions for periodontitis.
Prior immunosuppressive therapy is associated with mortality in COVID‐19 patients: A retrospective study of 835 patients
Authors: Akama‐Garren Elliot H. , Li Jonathan X. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThough it is widely believed that chronic immunosuppressive medications increase the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) illness, there is little data to support this. We performed a retrospective study of COVID‐19 positive patients diagnosed at a single academic medical center between March 10, 2020 and October 13, 2020. A total of 835 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 by polymerase chain reaction were included (median age 64 years; 52% female). Of these, 46 (5.5%) had a prescription for an immunosuppressive therapy before diagnosis, most commonly oral steroids (20, 43%), mycophenolate (12, 26%), or tacrolimus (11, 24%). Patients on immunosuppressive therapy with COVID‐19 had increased mortality (30% vs. 17%, p = 0.036; odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.11–4.04), which remained significant (p = 0.040) after performing multivariate logistic regression controlling for gender, age, race, and comorbidity status. Laboratory markers of inflammation were uniformly elevated in both patients on or not on immunosuppressive therapies who died, but lymphocytes and neutrophils were decreased in both COVID‐19 patients on immunosuppressive therapies who died and who remained alive. These findings demonstrate that COVID‐19 disease is more severe in patients taking prior immunosuppressive medications. This finding emphasizes the need for aggressive monitoring and supportive care for immunosuppressed patients who are diagnosed with COVID‐19.