bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potent antioxidant peptides derived from honey major protein enhance tolerance of eukaryotic cells toward oxidative stress
Authors: Ibrahim Hisham R. , Nanbu Fukiko , Miyata Takeshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHoney is known for its medicinal benefits and receiving renewed attention as natural medicine. Studies on health benefits of honey attributed its antioxidant activity to phenolic compounds, but the contribution of proteins and peptides to the antioxidant activity of honey is lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the contribution of proteins and peptides to the antioxidant activity of honey, which remained obscure for decades.Total honey proteins (THP) were isolated by dialysis method and hydrolyzed through simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The hydrolysates were fractionated using size-exclusion chromatography. The antioxidant activity was determined by using superoxide radical-scavenging, DPPH reduction and intracellular ROS assays.THP was shown to exhibit superoxide-scavenging activity but its pepsin-hydrolysate (HP-p) showed superior scavenging activity. The HP-p produced five peptide fractions (P1~P5) when fractionated on Sephacryl S-100 size-exclusion column. The five fractions showed superoxide-scavenging activities and DPPH reducing activities, whereas the slow-eluting peptide fractions (P3 and P4) were the most potent. MALDI-TOF/MS analysis identified a pentapeptide (TSNTF) as the dominant peptide in the active fractions P3 and P4. Human colonic epithelial cells treated with P3 and P4 peptides exhibited lower intracellular ROS, when oxidative stress was induced by H2O2or diethyl maleate (DEM), indicating strong tolerance to oxidative stress. The viabilities of human cells or yeast cells were largely decreases under oxidative stress, but treated cells with P3 and P4 showed higher viability compared with the untreated cells. The results are the first to describe a novel antioxidant peptide from honey that confer ex vivo anti-oxidative function within a complicated milieu of eukaryotic cells and pave the way for its potential as nutraceutical or therapeutic peptide for risk-reduction of oxidative-stress and related diseases.Graphical abstract
George Herbert’s “The Flower” and the Problem of Praise
Authors: Kuzner James 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis essay dwells on George Herbert’s “The Flower” and on how its speaker can love and praise God. Writing of praise and doubt, Stanley Cavell remarks that the problem of skepticism is partly a problem of finding an object that one can praise, a search that certainly occurs in “The Flower.” While Herbert’s speaker seeks God as that object, his own memory impedes him, making him question God’s goodness and forcing him not only to abandon forms of remembering that Herbert’s sources—from psalmists to theologians—employ so as to rise to praise, but also to use form in order to forget. The essay’s conclusion compares Herbert’s poem with another strange praise poem, Paul Celan’s “Psalm.” The essay claims that if Cavell sees praise as signaling a triumph over doubt, “The Flower” shows, as only verse can, how praise and doubt accompany each other, using doubt to keep praise at a distance from both psalmic theology and skeptical philosophy.
Reinventing Modernism: Randall Jarrell’s Unwritten Essay on T. S. Eliot
Authors: Cuda Anthony 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite a wealth of new primary-source publications and archival discoveries, many scholars persist in the belief that midcentury poets like Randall Jarrell rejected their modernist predecessors in a quest for originality and novelty. This article demonstrates, on the contrary, Jarrell’s underestimated and enduring creative debt to T. S. Eliot by reconstructing, for the first time, a book-length essay that he planned to write about Eliot but abandoned. The article shows that Jarrell regarded Eliot’s work as the result of a psychological struggle with “obsessional neurosis,” and it reveals the logic and evidence that Jarrell planned to use to argue this claim. It concludes by showing that Jarrell himself adapted aspects of Eliot’s obsessional style in his poetry and hoped to follow them to a different end.
A Caenorhabditis elegans behavioral assay distinguishes early stage prostate cancer patient urine from controls
Authors: Thompson Morgan , Sarabia Feria Noemi , Yoshioka Ally , Tu Eugene , Civitci Fehmi , Estes Suzanne , Wagner Josiah T. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Current methods for non-invasive prostate cancer (PrCa) detection have a high false-positive rate and often result in unnecessary biopsies. Previous work has suggested that urinary volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers may be able to distinguish PrCa cases from benign disease. The behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been proposed as a tool to take advantage of these potential VOC profiles. To test the ability of C. elegans Bristol N2 to distinguish PrCa cases from controls, we performed chemotaxis assays using human urine samples collected from men screened for PrCa. Behavioral response of nematodes towards diluted urine from PrCa cases was compared to response to samples from cancer-free controls. Overall, we observed a significant attraction of young adult-stage C. elegans nematodes to 1:100 diluted urine from confirmed PrCa cases and repulsion of C. elegans to urine from controls. When C. elegans chemotaxis index was considered alongside prostate-specific antigen levels for distinguishing cancer from cancer-free controls, the accuracy of patient classification was 81%. We also observed behavioral attraction of C. elegans to two previously reported VOCs to be increased in PrCa patient urine. We conclude nematode behavior distinguishes PrCa case urine from controls in a dilution-dependent manner.
Non-commercial pharmaceutical R&D: what do neglected diseases suggest about costs and efficiency?
Authors: Vieira Marcela , Kimmitt Ryan , Moon Suerie 
Published: March 2021

Background: The past two decades have witnessed significant growth in non-commercial research and development (R&D) initiatives, particularly for neglected diseases, but there is limited understanding of the ways in which they compare with traditional commercial R&D. This study analyses costs, timeframes, and attrition rates of non-commercial R&D across multiple initiatives and how they compare to commercial R&D using the Portfolio-to-Impact (P2I) model as parameter of comparison. Methods: This is a mixed-method, observational, descriptive and analytic study. We contacted 48 non-commercial R&D initiatives and received quantitative data from 8 organizations on 83 candidate products, and qualitative data through 14 interviews from 12 organizations. Results: The quantitative data suggested that non-commercial R&D for new chemical entities is largely in line with P2I averages regarding total costs and timeframes, with variation by phase. The qualitative data identified more reasons why non-commercial R&D costs would be lower than commercial R&D, timeframes would be longer and attrition rates would be equivalent or higher, though the magnitude of effect is not known. The overall emerging hypothesis is that direct costs of non-commercial R&D are expected to be equivalent or somewhat lower than commercial, timeframes are expected to be equivalent or somewhat longer and attrition rates would be equivalent. Conclusions: The study found that non-commercial R&D differs in many significant ways from commercial R&D. However, it is possible that the sum of these differences cancelled each other out such that total costs, timeframes and attrition rates were largely in line with P2I averages. Given the nascent area, with almost no prior literature focusing on costs, timeframes or attrition rates of non-commercial R&D initiatives, we see the merits of this study as generating hypotheses for further testing against a larger sample of quantitative data, and for understanding reasons underlying any significant differences between non-commercial and commercial initiatives.
Association between convalescent plasma and the risk of mortality among patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wardhani Shinta Oktya , Fajar Jonny Karunia , Wulandari Laksmi , Soegiarto Gatot , Purnamasari Yeni , Asmiragani Anisa , Maliga Helnida Anggun , Ilmawan Muhammad , Seran Gloriana , Iskandar Dheka Sapti , Ndapa Conchita Emiliana , Hamat Viviana , Wahyuni Rafika Ajeng , Cyntia Linda Oktaviana Suci , Maarang Feronika Maryanti , Beo Yosef Andrian , Adar Olivera Agnes , Rakhmadhan Iraky Mardya , Shantikaratri Emilia Tiara , Putri Ayu Sekarani Damana , Wahdini Rizqa , Broto Endang Pati , Suwanto Agnes Wanda , Tamara Fredo , Mahendra Aditya Indra , Winoto Eden Suryoiman , Krisna Pratista Adi , Harapan Harapan 
Published: March 2021

Background: Convalescent plasma (CCP) has been used for treating some infectious diseases; however, the efficacy of CCP in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains controversial. The aim of this research was to assess the efficacy of CCP as an adjunctive treatment in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and MedRix were searched for potentially relevant articles. All included papers were assessed for the quality using modified jadad scale and Newcaste-ottawa scale for randomized controlled trial (RCT) and non – RCT, respectively. We used a Q test and Egger test to assess the heterogeneity and publication bias among studies, respectively. Mortality rates between patients treated with standard treatment and standard treatment with CCP were compared using a Z test. Results: A total of 12 papers consisting of three cross-sectional studies, one prospective study, five retrospective studies, and two RCT studies were included in our analysis. Of them, a total of 1,937 patients treated with CCP and 3,405 patients without CCP were involved.. The risk of mortality was 1.92-fold higher in patients without CCP compared to patients treated with CCP (OR: 1.92; 95%CI: 1.33, 2.77; p=0.0005). In severe COVID-19 sub-group analysis, we found that patients without the CCP had a 1.32 times higher risk of mortality than those treated with the CCP (OR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.60; p=0.0040). Conclusions: CCP, as adjunctive therapy, reduces the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients.
Alfacalcidol improves the growth velocity in children with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency: A single center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Miyagaki Satoshi , Yamaguchi Mihoko , Ota Takeshi , Kawabe Yasuhiro , Morimoto Hidechika , Oka Yoshinobu , Mori Jun 
Published: March 2021

Objectives
To investigate the growth velocity-improving effects of vitamin D replacement therapy in pediatric patients diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency.

Study design
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 34 pediatric patients diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Based on the clinical findings, the subjects were divided into two groups: a bowed leg (BL) group and a non-bowed leg (non-BL) group. After the initiation of alfacalcidol, the standard deviation score (SDS) of their heights, weights and growth velocities in each group were monitored.

Results
The median age at the first visit was significantly lesser in the BL group (1.58 years old [interquartile range (IQR): 1.33, 2.17]) than that in the non-BL group (3.00 years old [IQR: 2.33, 3.67]). On the contrary, the SDS for height was significantly lower in the non-BL group (-2.27 [IQR: -2.63, -1.94]) than that in the BL group (-1.37 [IQR: -1.91, -1.07]). One-year treatment with alfacalcidol showed significant improvements in both height SDSs and growth velocity SDSs not only in the BL group but also in the non-BL group.

Conclusions
The current study revealed that vitamin D replacement therapy improved the growth rate in children with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, regardless of the presence of BL. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing the vitamin D status in children with poor growth rates and suggests that alfacalcidol could be a valid option for the treatment of short stature.
Guided Inquiry dengan Model Group Investigation untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi dan Mengurangi Kecemasan Matematika Siswa
Authors: Azizah Luthfi Nur 
Published: March 2021

Kecemasan matematika merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh pada prestasi belajar matematika siswa. Kecemasan matematika juga dialami oleh siswa di SMPN 2 Sleman yang dapat mempengaruhi prestasi belajarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika dan mengurangi tingkat kecemasan matematika menggunakan model pembelajaran group investigation dengan metode guided inquiry. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan desain Kemmis dan Mc Raggart yang dilaksanakan selama dua siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII D SMPN 2 Sleman tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket kecemasan matematika siswa, lembar tes prestasi belajar matematika, dan lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran group investigation dengan metode guided inquiry dapat mengurangi tingkat kecemasan matematika. Penurunan kecemasan matematika dapat dilihat dari peningkatan persentase hasil angket pada akhir tindakan siklus II yakni 58% dari jumlah siswa memiliki kecemasan maetmatika dengan tingkat rendah,. Hal ini didukung juga dengan hasil observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran pada akhir tindakan siklus II yang juga mengalami peningkatan dibanding pra siklus maupun siklus I yaitu, menjadi 93,33%. Nilai rata-rata prestasi belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran matematika pada akhir siklus II adalah 70,97 atau sebesar 87,10 % siswa yang melebihi KKM. Pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran group investigation dengan metode guided inquiry dapat menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang aktif, kreatif, dan menyenangkan sehingga siswa dapat mengurangi kecemasan matematika dan meningkatkan prestasi belajarnya.Kata Kunci: group investigation, guided inquiry, kecemasan matematika
Virtual Instructional Packages and Pre-Service Language Teachers' Communicative Skills: Empirical evidence from Nigerian Colleges of Education.
Authors: FALOYE Bankole Olagunju , Obateru Oluwatoyin Tolu 
Published: March 2021

The study investigated the effect of virtual instructional tools on the learning outcomes of pre-service English language teachers in Nigerian Colleges of Education. The rationale of the study was hinged on the premise of virtual instructional adaptation in a post-OVID-19 era. The design for the study was a two- group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design. The research design comprised pretest and post-test observations, treatment with virtual instruction and normal instruction in a non-virtual space. Using multistage sampling strategy, 100 samples were randomly selected from two Colleges of Education in Southwest Nigeria. The experimental and controls groups consisted of 50 samples each comprising 25 females and 25 males. The instruments for the study were validated achievement tests and marking guides including a test-retest reliability study with a reliability coefficient of 0.87 which was considered as moderately high for the reliability of the instruments. Two null hypotheses were raised and tested at 0.05 levels of significance using Two- Way ANOVA as statistical tools. The findings revealed that there was significant effect of virtual instructional tools on pre-service English language teachers’ learning outcomes using the pre-test mean scores and post-test mean scores. Also, the findings showed that there was significant gender effect of virtual instructional tools on the virtual learning outcomes of pre-service English language teachers’ communicative skills in English. Pedagogical implications of the findings in respect to virtual instructional tools in a post-COVID-19 era were highlighted and suggestions preferred towards enhancing pedagogical and communicative competencies of pre-service English teachers in Nigerian Colleges of Education.
The Relationship between Taxation, Accounting and Legal Forms
Authors: Kollruss Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Legal frameworks have an enormous influence on the concrete choice of legal form, especially in (multinational) groups of companies. For example, tax regulations and accounting standards directly influence the legal enterprise’s structure, including the shareholding structures. However, the tax burden must not be understood as a static or a fixed quantity determined in advance. This is because the design or choice of companies’ legal form can also be used as a tool to gain competitive advantages and optimise the tax burden or after-tax profit. Accordingly, the tax-optimising choice of legal form can be used as an instrument for tax planning and internal financing (reduction of tax payments and optimisation of the group tax rate). Therefore, for groups of companies and multinationals, the question that arises is how and within what limits can they make effective use of the cross-border tax rate differential, particularly through structuring their legal form. However, using cross-border tax advantages may be prevented by the controlled foreign corporation (CFC) taxation, called the Anti Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD), which was introduced in all EU member states from 1 January 2019 onwards due to European law: Art. 7, 8 of Directive 2016/1164 to combat tax avoidance practices. In multinational companies, there is a tension between the tax-optimising choice of legal form, including the structuring of shareholdings, and CFC taxation. It is important to identify the CFC taxation requirements according to ATAD or the respective member state of residence and to avoid these requirements when structuring individual circumstances or investments. An important finding here is that the factual prerequisites for CFC taxation under ATAD are not aligned with the accounting rules, especially controlling interest and control participation. Finally, from an overall perspective, tax-optimised corporate groups’ structure or the legal architecture is not a static variable but an evolving system composed of tax-optimised sub-systems or subgroup structures. This connection between the choice of legal form, shareholding structure and the legal system, tax planning, and tax optimisation in multinational companies is analysed and evaluated based on the Austrian CFC taxation (Sec. 10a CITA) and the German CFC taxation (Sec. 7 FTTA). Furthermore, the implications for companies and society, and the legislator, are highlighted. The article also deals with the relationship between law and tax planning.
An Embalmers’ Dispute in Hypsele/Shashotep
Authors: Baetens Gert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Edition of a fragmentary record of a dispute between embalmers (ταριχευταί) in Hypsele/Shashotep, establishing prospograhical links with P.Count 53-54 and the Siut archive, and discussing the term hypoteles and female embalmers.
Ptolemaic Circular Letter from Deir el-Banat
Authors: Chepel Elena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents an edition of a fragment of official correspondence that cites the entole of Artemon, who is known from other documents to be a high official at the Ptolemaic court in Alexandria active in 233/32-227/26 BC. It may also mention Asklepiades, the oikonomos of the Arsinoite nome. The letter concerns the inspection and execution of tax collection, in particular, the monopoly on textiles, othoniera.
The Geographical Distribution of the Demotic Translations of the Epithet “Neos Philopatôr”
Authors: Uggetti Lorenzo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The epithet “god Neos Philopatôr” was used for the prince Ptolemy “Memphitês”, killed in 130 BC by his father Ptolemy VIII Euergetês II during the conflict against his mother Cleopatra II, but then introduced in the Ptolemaic dynastic cult before the amnesty decrees of 118 BC, as a sign of reconciliation. This Greek title led to different translations in Demotic, which depended on the geographical origin of the scribes.
Threshold values of antibodies to estrogen, progesteron and benzo [a] pyrene as a risk factor for the development of endometriosis
Authors: Artymuk Natalia V. , Chervov Vitaliy O. , Danilova Larissa N. , Polenok Elena G. , Zotova Olga 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of the study was to determine the level of antibodies (AB) of Ig classes A and G to estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and benzo [a] pyrene (Bp) in patients with endometriosis of various severity and estimate their threshold values as a risk factor for the development of endometriosis.

Methods
A retrospective case–control study was performed. The study involved 200 women. Group I: women with endometriosis (n=100), Group II: patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility (n=100). All patients underwent immunological studies of blood serum; and the levels of steroid hormones (P, E2), antibodies to them and Bp were determined. A ROC analysis was carried out to identify threshold values of antibodies levels.

Results
Women with endometriosis were found to have statistically significantly higher levels of antibodies IgA and IgG to E2, P and benzo [a] pyrene compared to women of Group II. The threshold levels of IgA-Bp, IgA-E2 and IgA-P are >5 CU (conventional unit), IgG-Bp, IgG-E2>9 CU and IgG-P>8 CU. The level of IgG-P in patients with severe forms of endometriosis is statistically significantly higher than in minor forms of the disease. In case of severe forms, there is a tendency to increasing other classes of antibodies.

Conclusions
Patients with endometriosis usually have a higher level of IgA and IgG to Bp, E2, P. Their threshold values, which are risk factors for the development of the disease, are estimated.
Alles nur eine Frage der Kompetenz?
Authors: Brändle Tobias , Pohlmann Britta 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungInwiefern erreichen Schülerinnen und Schüler, die über gleiche Kompetenzen verfügen, auch gleiche Abschlüsse und gleiche Abschlussnoten? Dieser Fragestellung gehen wir am Beispiel des Mittleren Schulabschlusses und des Abiturs der Hamburger Prüfungsjahrgänge der Schuljahre 2015/16 und 2016/17 nach. In diesem Kontext untersuchen wir ebenfalls, inwieweit Gruppenunterschiede in den Abschlussnoten und in der Abschlusswahrscheinlichkeit (nach Geschlecht, Migrationshintergrund und sozialem Status) bestehen und inwieweit sie auf Kompetenzunterschiede zurückzuführen sind. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass zwar keine Chancengerechtigkeit besteht, die Vergabe von Schulabschlüssen und Abschlussnoten aber weitgehend leistungsgerecht erfolgt. Auffällig ist dabei, dass sich der Leistungsvorteil der Mädchen unter Kontrolle der Kompetenzen vergrößert.