bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart learning strategy for predicting viscoelastic surfactant (VES) viscosity in oil well matrix acidizing process using a rigorous mathematical approach
Authors: Mahdaviara Mehdi , Rostami Alireza , Shahbazi Khalil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This piece of study attempts to accurately anticipate the apparent viscosity of the viscoelastic surfactant (VES) based self-diverting acids as a function of VES concentration, temperature, shear rate, and pH value. The focus not only is on generating computer-aided models but also on developing a straightforward and reliable explicit mathematical expression. Towards this end, Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is used to connect the aforementioned features to and the target. The GEP network is trained using a wide dataset adopted from open literature and leads to an empirical correlation for fulfilling the aim of this study. The performance of the proposed model is shown to be fair enough. The accuracy analysis indicates satisfactory Root Mean Square Error and R-squared values of 7.07 and 0.95, respectively. Additionally, the proposed GEP model is compared with literature published correlations and established itself as the superior approach for predicting the viscosity of VES-based acids. Accordingly, the GEP model can be potentially served as an efficient alternative to experimental measurements. Its obvious advantages are saving time, lowering the expenses, avoiding sophisticated experimental procedures, and accelerating the diverter design in stimulation operations.

Article Highlights

The Gene Expression Programming evolutionary algorithm is proposed for modeling the viscosity of Viscoelastic Surfactant-based self-diverting acids.

The viscoelastic surfactant viscosity correlation presents high accuracy which is demonstrated through multiple analyses.

The Gene Expression Programming algorithm is a reliable tool expediting the diverter design phase of each stimulation operation.
Portolankarten – Aufnahme und Abbildung
Authors: Mesenburg Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMaps are flat images of the earth‘s surface. The basis and prerequisite for their production is the relative spatial definition of the map content on the earth‘s surface, and this is usually done in the context of surveying recording processes. The particular accuracy of the portolan charts, which have passed on since the thirteenth century, suggests that these were also created on the basis of specific measurements, although details of their creation have not yet been clarified. Questions about the data base and especially about the projection of the maps have been the subject of scientific research for over 100 years (Kretschmer 1909; Campbell 2021). Here, for the first time, a method is presented that makes it possible to construct maps of the Mediterranean with simple aids (compasses and ruler) in such a way that they correspond to the accuracy and other properties of the portolan charts. A map projection is used for which there are no mapping equations, but at most a mapping description. As a surveying basis for the mapping, distances are used that have been determined with a high degree of probability since ancient times. Triangles are constructed from these lines and transferred directly to the plane without any reduction in the image. The result is a geometrically unambiguous field of support points of known ports. The missing coastal structures can be supplemented after the construction of the field of support points on the basis of traditional coastal descriptions (Portolani/Periploi).
Efficacy and safety of mirabegron in pediatric population: A systematic review
Authors: Nasution Ramlan , Husein Ali , Adhyatma Kharisma Prasetya 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Mirabegron, a b3-adrenoceptor (b3-AR) agonist approved for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in the adult population, is the first of a new class of compounds with a different mechanism of action. Mirabegron act during the bladder storage phase by relaxing the detrusor muscle thus increase bladder capacity without any significant impact on voiding. Although antimuscarinic agents are commonly used for daytime incontinence associated with overactive bladder and also for patient with congenital cause such as spina bifida, mirabegron could be an effective treatment option in children with neurogenic bladder, as shown in adult populations. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the available literature regarding efficacy and safety of mirabegron in pediatric population.

Method:
This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Result:
The symptoms analyzed were frequency, urgency, nocturnal enuresis (NE) and daytime incontinence (DI). 37 (53%) out of 70 children were still receiving treatment at 6 months; 30 received mirabegron monotherapy, and 7 received combination therapy with anticholinergic (Solifenacin n = 4, Desmopressin n = 2, both n = 1). After six months, blood pressure monitoring and ECGs were normal in all patients. For patients on monotherapy, 6 of 17 (35%) had improvement in NE, 11 of 19 (58%) in DI, 12 of 20 (60%) in frequency, and 8 of 21 (38%) in urgency symptoms. For patients receiving combination therapy, 2 of 6 (33%) had improvement in NE, 2 of 4 in DI (50%), 2 of 4 (50%) in frequency, and 4 of 6 (67%) had improvement in urgency.

Conclusion:
The CV safety of mirabegron, the only clinically available β3-adrenoceptor agonist, appears to be good and comparable with that of antimuscarinic agents, the current first-line therapy for OAB. However, Further long-term data are desirable especially in patients with poorly controlled hypertension, arrhythmia, or cardiac heart failure.

Highlights
Cambrian and earliest Ordovician fauna and geology of the Sông Đà and adjacent terranes in Việt Nam (Vietnam)
Authors: Hughes Nigel C. , Peng Shanchi , Harper David A. T. , Myrow Paul M. , Phạm Ngân Kim , Wernette Shelly J. , Zhu Xuejian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLater Cambrian and earliest Ordovician trilobites and brachiopods spanning eight horizons from five localities within the Sông Mã, Hàm Rồng and Đông Sơn formations of the Thanh Hóa province of Việt Nam, constrain the age and faunal affinities of rocks within the Sông Đà terrane, one of several suture/fault-bounded units situated between South China to the north and Indochina to the south. ‘Ghost-like’ preservation in dolomite coupled with tectonic deformation leaves many of the fossils poorly preserved, and poor exposure precludes collecting within continuously exposed stratigraphic successions. Cambrian carbonate facies pass conformably into Lower Ordovician carbonate-rich strata that also include minor siliciclastic facies, and the recovered fauna spans several uppermost Cambrian and Lower Ordovician biozones. The fauna is of equatorial Gondwanan affinity, and comparable to that from South China, North China, Sibumasu and Australia. A new species of Miaolingian ‘ptychopariid’ trilobite,Kaotaia xuanensis, is described. Detrital zircon samples from Cambrian–Ordovician rocks of the North Việt Nam and Sông Đà terranes, and from Palaeozoic samples from the Trường Sơn sector of Indochina immediately to the south, contain a predominance of ages spanning the Neoproterozoic period and have a typical equatorial Gondwanan signature. We associate the Cambrian and Tremadocian of the Sông Đà terrane with areas immediately to the north of it, including the North Việt Nam terrane and the southern parts of Yunnan and Guangxi provinces of China.
John Robert Lawrence Allen FRS, FSA (25 October 1932–18 October 2020): a personal tribute
Authors: Shi John Z 
Published: September 2021

John Robert Lawrence Allen (Fig. 1), an internationally distinguished sedimentologist, was born on 25 October 1932 in Birmingham, UK. He died in Thatcham, UK, on 18 October 2020, aged 87, after a short illness.
Are negative views of the self, world and future, mediators of the relationship between subjective social status and depressive symptoms?
Authors: Pössel Patrick , Wood Tyler , Roane Sarah J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground:Elevated depressive symptoms are associated with impairments, reduced quality of life, and societal economic burden. A well-established stress-vulnerability model explaining depressive symptoms is Beck’s cognitive theory (Beck, 1976). An independent line of research demonstrated that a person’s perception of their status in comparison with others’ (subjective social status, SSS) is a stressor associated with depressive symptoms.Aims:Theory-driven research investigating the interplay of different factors associated with depressive symptoms opens the door to improve the lives of the affected individuals and to reduce the overall societal burden. This study’s aim was to examine if SSS can be integrated as a stressor into Beck’s theory, looking specifically at whether it impacts depressive symptoms through the individual components (self, world and future) of the cognitive triad.Method:In this cross-sectional study, 243 community college students (58.6% female; mean age 23.95 years) in the southern United States completed self-reports measuring SSS, negative views of the self, world and future, and depressive symptoms.Results:SSS is negatively associated with each view of the cognitive triad. SSS and views of the self and world are negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses displayed a significant direct effect between SSS and depressive symptoms, as well as two indirect effects via negative view of self and world.Conclusions:While further research is needed, therapists might benefit from our findings when tailoring their treatment to a client by considering their SSS and which negative view is particularly detrimental for this specific client.
Complementary and Catalytic Roles of Man‐Made VLF Waves and Natural Plasma Waves in the Loss of Radiation Belt Electrons
Authors: Li L. Y. , Wang Z. Y. , Yu J. , Cao J. B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy simulating the energy and pitch angle diffusions of radiation belt electrons caused by ground‐based VLF transmitter waves, plasmaspheric hiss and lightning‐generated whistlers (LGWs), we quantitatively estimated the electron change rates caused by individual and multiple waves. We found that man‐made VLF waves and naturally generated hiss or LGWs play complementary and catalytic roles in the loss of radiation belt electrons. Man‐made VLF waves mainly reduce the hundreds of keV electrons in inner radiation belt (L < 2), but they alone cannot effectively remove the MeV electrons in slot region (L ∼ 2–3) because of unefficient diffusions at small pitch angles (<60°). On the contrary, natural hiss and LGWs do not affect the hundreds of keV electrons in the inner belt, but they are able to effectively reduce the hundreds of keV and MeV electrons at small pitch angles in the slot region. The loss of the small pitch electrons caused by hiss or LGWs offer a necessary phase space density gradient for the diffusion of large pitch angle MeV electrons (>60°) driven by man‐made VLF waves toward the loss cone. The combined diffusions by three types of the waves ultimately catalyze the loss of the large pitch angle MeV electrons in the slot region, and thus cause more electron losses in the wider energy and pitch angle ranges.
What is a ‘serious’ genetic condition? The perceptions of people living with genetic conditions
Authors: Boardman Felicity K. , Clark Corinna C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite no consensus on the definition of ‘seriousness’, the concept is regularly used in policy and practice contexts to categorise conditions, determine access to genetic technologies and uses of selective pregnancy termination. Whilst attempts have been made to create taxonomies of genetic condition seriousness to inform clinical and policy decision-making, these have often relied on condition appraisals made by health and genetics professionals. The views of people with genetic conditions have been largely under-represented. This study explores the concept of seriousness through the perspectives of people with a range of ‘clinically serious’ conditions (fragile X conditions, spinal muscular atrophy, cystic fibrosis, haemophilia, thalassaemia). Attitudes towards suffering, quality of life (QoL) and selective pregnancy termination were elucidated from 45 in-depth qualitative interviews and 469 postal/online surveys. The majority of participants reported good health/wellbeing, and the capacity for good QoL, despite experiencing suffering with their condition. Notably, participants with later-onset conditions held more negative views of their health and QoL, and were more likely to view their condition as an illness, than those with early-onset conditions. These participants were more likely to see their condition as part of their identity. Whilst most participants supported prenatal screening, there was little support for selective termination. Moreover, social environment emerged as a critical mediator of the experience of the condition. The complex and rich insights of people living with genetic conditions might usefully be incorporated into future genetic taxonomies of ‘seriousness’ to ensure they more accurately reflect the lived reality of those with genetic conditions.
An immune response characterizes early Alzheimer’s disease pathology and subjective cognitive impairment in hydrocephalus biopsies
Authors: Huang Wenrui , Bartosch Anne Marie , Xiao Harrison , Maji Suvrajit , Youth Elliot H. H. , Flowers Xena , Leskinen Sandra , Tomljanovic Zeljko , Iodice Gail , Boyett Deborah , Spinazzi Eleonora , Menon Vilas , McGovern Robert A. , McKhann Guy M. , Teich Andrew F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEarly Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology can be found in cortical biopsies taken during shunt placement for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. This represents an opportunity to study early AD pathology in living patients. Here we report RNA-seq data on 106 cortical biopsies from this patient population. A restricted set of genes correlate with AD pathology in these biopsies, and co-expression network analysis demonstrates an evolution from microglial homeostasis to a disease-associated microglial phenotype in conjunction with increasing AD pathologic burden, along with a subset of additional astrocytic and neuronal genes that accompany these changes. Further analysis demonstrates that these correlations are driven by patients that report mild cognitive symptoms, despite similar levels of biopsy β-amyloid and tau pathology in comparison to patients who report no cognitive symptoms. Taken together, these findings highlight a restricted set of microglial and non-microglial genes that correlate with early AD pathology in the setting of subjective cognitive decline.
Characterization and structural basis of a lethal mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Sun Shihui , Gu Hongjing , Cao Lei , Chen Qi , Ye Qing , Yang Guan , Li Rui-Ting , Fan Hang , Deng Yong-Qiang , Song Xiaopeng , Qi Yini , Li Min , Lan Jun , Feng Rui , Guo Yan , Zhu Na , Qin Si , Wang Lei , Zhang Yi-Fei , Zhou Chao , Zhao Lingna , Chen Yuehong , Shen Meng , Cui Yujun , Yang Xiao , Wang Xinquan , Tan Wenjie , Wang Hui , Wang Xiangxi , Qin Cheng-Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need for animal models to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Here, we generate and characterize a novel mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain, MASCp36, that causes severe respiratory symptoms, and mortality. Our model exhibits age- and gender-related mortality akin to severe COVID-19. Deep sequencing identified three amino acid substitutions, N501Y, Q493H, and K417N, at the receptor binding domain (RBD) of MASCp36, during in vivo passaging. All three RBD mutations significantly enhance binding affinity to its endogenous receptor, ACE2. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of human ACE2 (hACE2), or mouse ACE2 (mACE2), in complex with the RBD of MASCp36, at 3.1 to 3.7 Å resolution, reveals the molecular basis for the receptor-binding switch. N501Y and Q493H enhance the binding affinity to hACE2, whereas triple mutations at N501Y/Q493H/K417N decrease affinity and reduce infectivity of MASCp36. Our study provides a platform for studying SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, and unveils the molecular mechanism for its rapid adaptation and evolution.
Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins modulate the release of bioactive extracellular vesicles
Authors: Volz Ann-Kathrin , Frei Alina , Kretschmer Viola , de Jesus Domingues António M. , Ketting Rene F. , Ueffing Marius , Boldt Karsten , Krämer-Albers Eva-Maria , May-Simera Helen L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrimary cilia are microtubule based sensory organelles important for receiving and processing cellular signals. Recent studies have shown that cilia also release extracellular vesicles (EVs). Because EVs have been shown to exert various physiological functions, these findings have the potential to alter our understanding of how primary cilia regulate specific signalling pathways. So far the focus has been on lgEVs budding directly from the ciliary membrane. An association between cilia and MVB-derived smEVs has not yet been described. We show that ciliary mutant mammalian cells demonstrate increased secretion of small EVs (smEVs) and a change in EV composition. Characterisation of smEV cargo identified signalling molecules that are differentially loaded upon ciliary dysfunction. Furthermore, we show that these smEVs are biologically active and modulate the WNT response in recipient cells. These results provide us with insights into smEV-dependent ciliary signalling mechanisms which might underly ciliopathy disease pathogenesis.
Direct access to spirocycles by Pd/WingPhos-catalyzed enantioselective cycloaddition of 1,3-enynes
Authors: Li Long , Wang Shan , Luo Pengfei , Wang Ran , Wang Zheng , Li Xiaoguang , Deng Yuhua , Peng Fangzhi , Shao Zhihui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpirocycles play an important role in drug discovery and development. The direct, catalytic, and enantioselective synthesis of spirocycles from readily available starting materials and in an atom economic manner remains a highly sought-after task in organic synthesis. Herein, an enantioselective Pd-hydride-catalyzed cycloaddition method for the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds directly from two classes of commonly available starting materials, 1,3-enynes and cyclic carbon−hydrogen (C−H) bonds, is reported. The reactions employ a chiral Pd/WingPhos catalyst to both suppress the formation of bis-allenyl by-products and control the stereoselectivity. 1,3-Enynes are used as dielectrophilic four-carbon units in the cycloaddition reactions, which also enables an enyne substrate-directed enantioselectivity switch with good levels of stereocontrol. The present spirocycle synthesis tolerates a broad range of functional groups of 1,3-enyne substrates, including alcohols, esters, nitriles, halides, and olefins. A variety of diverse cyclic nucleophiles, including pharmaceutically important heterocycles and carbocycles, can be flexibly incorporated with spiro scaffolds.
Biologically informed deep neural network for prostate cancer discovery
Authors: Elmarakeby Haitham A. , Hwang Justin , Arafeh Rand , Crowdis Jett , Gang Sydney , Liu David , AlDubayan Saud H. , Salari Keyan , Kregel Steven , Richter Camden , Arnoff Taylor E. , Park Jihye , Hahn William C. , Van Allen Eliezer M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe determination of molecular features that mediate clinically aggressive phenotypes in prostate cancer remains a major biological and clinical challenge1,2. Recent advances in interpretability of machine learning models as applied to biomedical problems may enable discovery and prediction in clinical cancer genomics3–5. Here we developed P-NET—a biologically informed deep learning model—to stratify patients with prostate cancer by treatment-resistance state and evaluate molecular drivers of treatment resistance for therapeutic targeting through complete model interpretability. We demonstrate that P-NET can predict cancer state using molecular data with a performance that is superior to other modelling approaches. Moreover, the biological interpretability within P-NET revealed established and novel molecularly altered candidates, such as MDM4 and FGFR1, which were implicated in predicting advanced disease and validated in vitro. Broadly, biologically informed fully interpretable neural networks enable preclinical discovery and clinical prediction in prostate cancer and may have general applicability across cancer types.
Interindividual differences in attentional vulnerability moderate cognitive performance during sleep restriction and subsequent recovery in healthy young men
Authors: Mathew Gina Marie , Strayer Stephen M. , Ness Kelly M. , Schade Margeaux M. , Nahmod Nicole G. , Buxton Orfeu M. , Chang Anne-Marie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigated whether interindividual attentional vulnerability moderates performance on domain-specific cognitive tasks during sleep restriction (SR) and subsequent recovery sleep. Fifteen healthy men (M ± SD, 22.3 ± 2.8 years) were exposed to three nights of baseline, five nights of 5-h time in bed SR, and two nights of recovery sleep. Participants completed tasks assessing working memory, visuospatial processing, and processing speed approximately every two hours during wake. Analyses examined performance across SR and recovery (linear predictor day or quadratic predictor day2) moderated by attentional vulnerability per participant (difference between mean psychomotor vigilance task lapses after the fifth SR night versus the last baseline night). For significant interactions between day/day2 and vulnerability, we investigated the effect of day/day2 at 1 SD below (less vulnerable level) and above (more vulnerable level) the mean of attentional vulnerability (N = 15 in all analyses). Working memory accuracy and speed on the Fractal 2-Back and visuospatial processing speed and efficiency on the Line Orientation Task improved across the entire study at the less vulnerable level (mean − 1SD) but not the more vulnerable level (mean + 1SD). Therefore, vulnerability to attentional lapses after SR is a marker of susceptibility to working memory and visuospatial processing impairment during SR and subsequent recovery.
Real-time PCR assays for detection and quantification of early P. falciparum gametocyte stages
Authors: Gadalla Amal A. H. , Siciliano Giulia , Farid Ryan , Alano Pietro , Ranford-Cartwright Lisa , McCarthy James S. , Thompson Joanne , Babiker Hamza A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of quantitative qRT-PCR assays for detection and quantification of late gametocyte stages has revealed the high transmission capacity of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. To understand how the parasite adjusts its transmission in response to in-host environmental conditions including antimalarials requires simultaneous quantification of early and late gametocytes. Here, we describe qRT-PCR assays that specifically detect and quantify early-stage P. falciparum gametocytes. The assays are based on expression of known early and late gametocyte genes and were developed using purified stage II and stage V gametocytes and tested in natural and controlled human infections. Genes pfpeg4 and pfg27 are specifically expressed at significant levels in early gametocytes with a limit of quantification of 190 and 390 gametocytes/mL, respectively. In infected volunteers, transcripts of pfpeg4 and pfg27 were detected shortly after the onset of blood stage infection. In natural infections, both early (pfpeg4/pfg27) and late gametocyte transcripts (pfs25) were detected in 71.2% of individuals, only early gametocyte transcripts in 12.6%, and only late gametocyte transcripts in 15.2%. The pfpeg4/pfg27 qRT-PCR assays are sensitive and specific for quantification of circulating sexually committed ring stages/early gametocytes and can be used to increase our understanding of epidemiological processes that modulate P. falciparum transmission.