bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical predictors of 3-month isoniazid rifapentine (3HP)-related adverse drug reactions (ADR) during tuberculosis preventive therapy (PAnDoRA-3HP study): an observational study protocol
Authors: Sekaggya-Wiltshire Christine , Mbabazi Irene , Nabisere Ruth Mirembe , Alinaitwe Lucy , Otaalo Brian , Aber Florence , Nampala Juliet , Owori Rogers , Bayigga Josephine , Mayito Jonathan , Banturaki Grace , Laker Eva Agnes Odongpiny , Castelnuovo Barbara , Sekadde Moorine Penninah , Pasipanodya Jotam , Dooley Kelly E , Stavia Turyahabwe , Zawedde‐Muyanja Stella 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death globally. Despite WHO recommendations for TB preventive therapy (TPT), challenges persist, including incompletion of treatment and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). There is limited data on the 3-month isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomics and their relation with ADRs. Our study aims to describe the pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomics of 3HP used for TPT, the ADRs and their association with completion rates, and TPT outcomes, providing vital insights for TB control strategies in resource-limited settings.MethodsThis is an observational cohort study with a nested case–control study. We enrolled consecutive patients who had been initiated on TPT using the 3HP regimen. These are followed up biweekly and then monthly during the active phase of treatment and 3 monthly for 2 years following completion of TPT. ADR evaluation includes clinical assessment and liver function tests. Cases are selected from those who experience ADRs and controls from those who do not. Serum isoniazid and rifapentine concentrations are measured and pharmacogenomic analysis for NAT2, AADAC and CYP2E1 polymorphisms are done. Participants are followed up for 2 years to determine TPT outcomes.AnalysisThe safety profile of 3HP will be assessed using descriptive statistics, including proportions of patients experiencing ADRs and grade 3 or above events related to treatment. χ2tests and regression models will determine predictors of ADRs and their impact on treatment completion. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling will establish population parameters and factors influencing rifapentine and isoniazid concentrations.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval of this study inclusive of all the appropriate documents was obtained from the Infectious Diseases Institute Research and Ethics Committee and the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology. The study adheres to legal, ethical and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines. Deidentified genotype data from 300 patients will be shared after publication. The protocol and phenotype data will be publicly accessible. Abstracts will be submitted to conferences, and a manuscript will be published poststudy.
Comparison of neurological outcomes between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to anaphylaxis and cardiac causes: a nationwide population-based observational study
Authors: Hirata Kaiho , Chiba Takuyo , Hosono Kazuki , Tsuji Haruka , Ikeda Shunya , Shiga Takashi 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the neurological outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to anaphylaxis (OHCA-A) and cardiac causes (OHCA-C).DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingJapanese nationwide dataset from 2012 to 2021.ParticipantsIn total, 153 890 patients were included in this study, of which 331 had OHCA-A and 153 559 had OHCA-C.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was a favourable neurological outcome 1 month after cardiac arrest. The secondary outcome was survival at 1 month.ResultsPatients with OHCA-A had a significantly higher favourable neurological outcome rate (24.2% vs 11.7%, p<0.001) and higher survival rate at 1 month (33.2% vs 16.1%, p<0.001) than patients with OHCA-C. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that OHCA-A was associated with higher odds of favourable neurological outcomes (adjusted OR (adj OR): 1.86; 95% CI 1.34 to 2.59) and survival at 1 month (adj OR: 2.43; 95% CI 1.78 to 3.31). Similarly, the propensity score-matched cohort showed favourable neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA-A (OR: 2.91; 95% CI 1.83 to 4.65).ConclusionCompared with OHCA-C, OHCA-A is associated with favourable neurological outcomes and warrants more aggressive resuscitation efforts.
Tuberculosis screening among cough suppressant buyers in pharmacies and drug outlets in Guinea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Magassouba Aboubacar Sidiki , Toure Almamy Amara , Diallo Boubacar Djelo , Camara Gnoume , Dahourou Desire Lucien , Nabe Aly Badara , Camara Souleymane , Bangoura Adama Marie , Traore Hugues Asken , Campbell Jonathon R , Veronese Vanessa , Merle Corinne Simone Collette 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) poses a significant public health challenge in Guinea, with an estimated 22 000 TB cases in 2020; an estimated 6125 (28%) cases went undetected. We evaluated an intensified TB case finding strategy in Guinea which targeted customers who bought cough suppressants from pharmacies or drug outlets.MethodsWe involved 25 pharmacies and 25 drug outlets in Matoto, Conakry, Guinea. Pharmacists or outlet owners identified and referred all customers with TB symptoms who were purchasing cough suppressants to healthcare workers for sputum collection either at the pharmacy or drug outlet or at a nearby TB diagnosis and treatment centre (CDT); sputum was subjected to bacteriological testing with acid fast bacilli smear or Xpert MTB/RIF. We assessed factors associated with eventual TB diagnosis using logistic regression and time to TB diagnosis using cox regression and used microcosting to estimate the cost of the intervention in 2020 US$.ResultsFrom November 2019 to June 2020, we screened 916 people referred from pharmacies or drug outlets with TB symptoms, with median age of 31 years (54% male). Overall, 126 (14%) had bacteriologically confirmed TB. Odds of TB diagnosis were significantly lower with increasing age (adjusted OR (aOR) per additional year=0.98; 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99) and higher among males (aOR=1.57; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.39) and those with symptoms. Those identified at drug outlets had significantly faster time to presentation from symptom onset than pharmacies (adjusted HR=1.73; 95% CI 1.50 to 1.99). The total cost of the intervention per person referred was US$32.66 and per person diagnosed and treated for TB disease of US$237.45.ConclusionIntensified TB case finding through pharmacies and drug outlets is a feasible and effective way to increase TB detection in settings where self-medicating is common, and TB is under-detected.
Biomarkers reflecting disturbed gut barrier under treatment with TNF inhibitors in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Rademacher Judith , Torgutalp Murat , Hempel Christine Maria , Proft Fabian , Haibel Hildrun , Protopopov Mikhail , Spiller Laura , Poddubnyy Denis , Rios Rodriguez Valeria 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to investigate lipopolysaccharid-binding protein (LBP), zonulin and calprotectin as markers of bacterial translocation, disturbed gut barrier and intestinal inflammation in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) during tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy and to analyze the association between disease activity, response to treatment and biomarker levels.MethodsPatients with active r-axSpA of the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort starting TNFi were compared with controls with chronic back pain. Serum levels of LBP, zonulin and calprotectin were measured at baseline and after 1 year of TNFi therapy. We analysed the longitudinal association between biomarkers and disease activity, and the relationship between biomarkers and treatment response with regression analysis.Results121 patients with r-axSpA were compared with 63 controls. At baseline, patients with r-axSpA had higher levels of LBP and calprotectin than controls, which decreased significantly during TNFi treatment. LBP showed a positive association in longitudinal analyses with Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) (ß=0.08, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.10), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) (ß=0.08, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.12) and C reactive protein (CRP) (ß=1.69, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.34). Calprotectin was associated with ASDAS (ß=0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.07) and CRP (ß=0.82, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.37). Furthermore, LBP and calprotectin levels at baseline showed an association with a subsequent change in BASDAI. Baseline zonulin levels were not significantly associated with disease activity or treatment response.ConclusionSerum levels of LBP and calprotectin are associated with disease activity in patients with r-axSpA and decrease with TNFi response. In contrast, serum zonulin levels showed no association with disease activity or treatment response, arguing against a strict correlation between intestinal permeability and disease activity in axSpA.
Postcancer rehabilitation: multidisciplinary exercise – programme organisation and feasibility
Authors: Drozd Chloé , Jacquinot Quentin , Paget-Bailly Sophie , Mansi Laura , Paillard Marie-Justine , Bazan Fernando , Chaigneau Loic , Dobi Erion , Viot Julien , Meynard Guillaume , Goujon Morgan , Dalens Lorraine , Pereira Victor , Robin Edgar , Farret Jean , Gagnepain Carole , Simon Ophélie , Fagnoni-Legat Christine , Mougin Fabienne , Meneveau Nathalie , Curtit Elsa 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAlthough the benefit of supportive care in the postcancer period is now well demonstrated, its implementation in the patient journey remains challenging. This article describes the development, since 2015 and in routine care, of supportive postcancer care comprising a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme (MRP) based on exercise for patients with early breast cancer.MethodsAs part of quality control, we reviewed all patient files since the programme was implemented. Patient data regarding the type of cancer, clinical and pathological factors, and treatment were recorded in a computerised database.ResultsFrom April 2015 to January 2024, 655 patients participated in the MRP. The programme lasts for 14 weeks, totalling 126 hours of face-to-face programme, with a maximum of 8 patients per group, in 5 different centres. A multidisciplinary professional team provide supportive care. The MRP is mainly based on supervised physical exercise and patients also participate in social, psychological, dietary support and educational sessions. Supervised physical exercise includes cardiorespiratory endurance work through specific sessions on ergometers or outdoor walking and adapted physical activity sessions to improve muscular capacities (endurance, strength and flexibility).ConclusionWe describe here the practical implementation of a routine multidisciplinary supportive care programme, based mainly on physical activity, for post-treatment breast cancer patients. We report almost 9 years of experience with the programme. We show that offering this programme in the postcancer setting and in clinical routine practice is feasible and can be maintained in the long term.
Palliative care needs in cystic fibrosis: hospital survey
Authors: Kurita Geana Paula , Eidemak Inge , Pressier Tacjana , Larsen Sille , Sjøgren Per , Lykke Camilla 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is an incurable, progressive disease that affects multiple organs, causing burdensome symptoms. This study aimed to explore the palliative care needs in patients with CF, focusing on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), fatigue, anxiety and depression.MethodsFrom October 2019 to March 2020, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with outpatients with CF at the Infectious Medicine Clinic in a Danish University Hospital.Results130 patients completed at least one questionnaire. Mean age was 35.5 years (SD 11.5), with 51.7% males. Charlson’s comorbidity index mean score was 1.3 (SD 1.6). Patients with CF had significantly lower scores in general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health compared with the Danish population. Mean fatigue score of patients was 50.9 (SD 16.2), with the highest scores in general fatigue, physical fatigue and reduced activity. Additionally, 33% indicated anxiety and 19.5% depression. 51.6% were treated with Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor or Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor.ConclusionThis study found poor HRQOL and burdensome symptoms of fatigue, anxiety and depression in patients with CF compared with the general Danish population. The results suggest that systematic assessments and palliative care interventions should be integrated into routine CF care.
Multicentre prospective, randomised open-label, endpoint-blinded study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of propranolol for the prevention of stroke-associated pneumonia in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (PROCHASE): rationale and design
Authors: Gao Bin , Shi Kaibin , Pan Yuesong , Ge Shunnan , Liu Yanfang , Yan Jing , Liesz Arthur , Meisel Andreas , Qu Yan , Zhao Xingquan , Shi Fu-Dong 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundStroke-induced transient immune suppression is believed to contribute to post-stroke infections. The β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol, has been shown to prevent stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) via reversing post-stroke immunosuppression in preclinical studies and in retrospective analysis in stroke patients. However, whether propranolol can reduce the risk of SAP has not been tested in prospective, randomised controlled trials.AimTo describe the rationale and design of a multicentre, prospective, open-label, endpoint-blinded, randomised controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of propranolol hydrochloride injection for the prevention of SAP in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) (PROCHASE).DesignIn this investigator-initiated trial, we compare the safety of the standard medical treatment to standard medical treatment plus intravenous propranolol hydrochloride administration (5 mg daily on days 1–7) in patients with ICH and the efficacy of this intervention to reduce the occurrence of SAP. All patients will be followed up for 90±7 days.Study outcomesThe primary efficacy outcome is SAP within 7±1 days diagnosed by the defined algorithm based on a diagnosis of SAP recommendations from the pneumonia in stroke consensus group. The primary safety outcome is defined as severe or moderate bradycardia within 7±1 days. The secondary outcome is a modified Rankin score of 0–3 at 90±7 days after randomisation.DiscussionThe PROCHASE trial aims to generate clinical evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of propranolol in preventing SAP in patients with ICH.
Perceptions and intentions regarding IQOS among current US adults who use cigarettes and/or electronic nicotine delivery systems
Authors: Weaver Scott R , Spears Claire Adams , Henderson Katherine C , Ashley David L , Berg Carla J , Evans Abigail T , Geier Anna , Kute Nikita , Pechacek Terry F 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionIQOS was sold in the US in 2019–2021 and will likely return in 2024. It is important to anticipate IQOS’ market penetration; thus, this study examined US adults’ prior awareness and perceptions, intentions to try and reactions to an IQOS reduced-risk exposure statement.Methods61 adults from three US cities were recruited to represent four tobacco use subgroups: current cigarette and never electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use; current cigarette and discontinued ENDS use; current cigarette and ENDS use; and former cigarette use and switched to ENDS. Participants were shown IQOS marketing material and probed about IQOS awareness, knowledge, perceptions, use intentions and reactions to a reduced exposure statement. Analysis used a hybrid inductive/deductive qualitative approach.ResultsParticipants reported low awareness and knowledge of IQOS and uncertainty about its functionality and health effects. Other impressions varied by subgroup. People who currently smoked but never tried ENDS reacted mostly negatively to IQOS; people who had switched to ENDS were disinterested in returning to ‘real tobacco’ use; people who currently used cigarettes and ENDS were curious but had mixed feelings; and people who had rejected ENDS exhibited the greatest interest but were concerned about perceived cost. Reactions to the reduced exposure statement were mixed; some groups viewed it as a meaningful endorsement of harm reduction benefits while others were sceptical.ConclusionsAcross tobacco use groups, there was varied interest and inclination to try IQOS and thus varied potential use as a complete substitute for cigarettes.
A Survey of the Past, Present, and Future of Erasure Coding for Storage Systems
Authors: Shen Zhirong , Cai Yuhui , Cheng Keyun , Lee Patrick P. C. , Li Xiaolu , Hu Yuchong , Shu Jiwu 
Published: December 2024

Erasure coding is a known redundancy technique that has been popularly deployed in modern storage systems to protect against failures. By introducing a small portion of coded redundancy into data storage, erasure coding is shown to provide higher reliability guarantees than replication under the same storage overhead. Despite its storage efficiency, erasure coding incurs high-performance overhead in repair and updates, and its reliability also depends on the amount of redundancy. How to resolve the tensions among storage efficiency, performance, and reliability has been the major research direction in the literature for decades.
In this article, we present an in-depth survey of the past, present, and future of erasure coding in storage systems. We conduct our survey from a systems perspective, with an emphasis on how erasure coding is deployed in practical storage systems. Specifically, we first review the use of erasure coding in storage systems from both academia and industry and state the challenges of deploying erasure coding in practice. We then review the topics of erasure coding in three aspects: (i) new erasure code constructions, (ii) algorithmic techniques for efficient erasure coding operations, and (iii) erasure coding for emerging architectures. Finally, we provide future research directions for erasure coding.
Effectiveness of TachoSil as Sealant in Lymphatic Leakage of Breast Cancer With Axillary Dissection
Authors: Khan ArshadUllah , Albinsaad Loai , Alessa Mohammed , Aldoughan Alghaydaa Fouad , Alsalem Ammar Jaafar , Almukhaimar Noof Khalid , Alghamdi Abdulrahman Ahmed , Alsahlawi Watan Abdulla , Alahmary Batool Abdullah 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of TachoSil in controlling lymphatic leakage in breast cancer patients undergoing axillary dissection. By examining its ability to reduce postsurgical lymphatic drainage, the study will assess its impact on complications like seroma formation, recovery time, and overall patient outcomes, including quality of life and reduced healthcare costs.Methods: Breast cancer patients treated in the Department of Surgical Oncology at King Abdulaziz Medical City were enrolled to receive either TachoSil or undergo drain placement after axillary dissection. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to observe the difference in lymphatic drainage volume over time considering other covariates, such as age, sex, family history, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and stage.Results: The TachoSil group showed significantly lower lymphatic drainage volumes at 24 h (106.5 ± 11.3) than the control group (141.7 ± 13.0) (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in lymphatic drainage volume at 3 days (p = 0.176) and 7 days (p = 0.091). However, at 10 days, the TachoSil group exhibited significantly lower lymphatic drainage volume (19.9 ± 6.1) than the control group (44.5 ± 9.2) (p < 0.001). Repeated measures MANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in lymphatic drainage over time, with a moderate effect (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The findings suggest that TachoSil sealant effectively reduces early postoperative lymphatic drainage volume and maintains lower drainage rates up to 10 days following axillary dissection in breast cancer patients. The use of TachoSil sealant may have potential benefits in reducing the incidence of complications associated with lymphatic drainage and improving patient outcomes.
Metabolic Syndrome and Its Determinants in Patients Undergoing Obesity Screening Within the Scope of the Disease Management Platform
Authors: Yayın Esranur , Yayın Hasan Esad 
Published: December 2024

Objective: We aimed to detect rates of metabolic syndrome and overweight, patients screened for obesity within the scope of the Disease Management Platform (DMP).Methods: This cross‐sectional study was completed with 387 patients who were examined for fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and high‐density lipoprotein levels, waist circumference, blood pressure measurements, chronic diseases, body mass index, and medication use.Results: In total of whom 387 underwent blood tests as recommended by the DMP. The mean age and body mass index were 55.26 ± 14.50 years and 27.02 ± 3.69 kg/m2, respectively. While 26.6% of the patients had normal weight, 56.1% had overweight. Metabolic syndrome was present in 52.2% of the patients.Conclusion: The significant increases in the rates of overweight and metabolic syndrome have drawn attention in the community. Therefore, family physicians necessitate additional platforms, such as the DMP, to effectively combat metabolic syndrome and overweight, a pivotal initial step in tackling obesity.
Ultrahigh Dose Rate Helium Ion Beams: Minimizing Brain Tissue Damage while Preserving Tumor Control
Authors: Dokic Ivana , Moustafa Mahmoud , Tessonnier Thomas , Meister Sarah , Ciamarone Federica , Akbarpour Mahdi , Krunic Damir , Haberer Thomas , Debus Jürgen , Mairani Andrea , Abdollahi Amir 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ultrahigh dose rate radiotherapy (RT) with electrons and protons has shown potential for cancer treatment by effectively targeting tumors while sparing healthy tissues (FLASH effect). This study aimed to investigate the potential FLASH sparing effect of ultrahigh dose rate helium ion irradiation, focusing on acute brain injury and subcutaneous tumor response in a preclinical in vivo setting. Raster-scanned helium ion beams were used to compare the effects of standard dose rate (SDR; at 0.2 Gy/second) and FLASH (at 141 Gy/second) RT on healthy brain tissue. Irradiation-induced brain injury was studied in C57BL/6 mice via DNA damage response, using nuclear γH2AX as a marker for double-strand breaks. The integrity of neurovascular and immune compartments was assessed through CD31+ microvascular density and activation of microglia/macrophages. IBA1+ ramified and CD68+ phagocytic microglia/macrophages were quantified, along with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase. Tumor response to SDR (0.2 Gy/second) and FLASH (250 Gy/second) RT was evaluated in an A549 carcinoma model, using tumor volume and Kaplan–Meier survival as endpoints. The results showed that helium FLASH RT significantly reduced acute brain tissue injury compared with SDR, evidenced by lower levels of double-strand breaks and preserved the neurovascular endothelium. Additionally, FLASH RT reduced neuroinflammatory signals compared with SDR, as indicated by fewer CD68+ inducible nitric oxide synthetase–positive microglia/macrophages. FLASH RT achieved tumor control comparable with that of SDR RT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the FLASH sparing effect of raster scanning helium ion RT in vivo, highlighting its potential for neuroprotection and effective tumor control.