bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current process and outcomes of the surgical management of LUTS due to benign prostatic enlargement: how consistent are we? – results from the multi-institutional audit of surgical management of BPE (AuSuM BPE) in the United Kingdom
Authors: Joshi Hrishi , Sali Gaurav , Paramore Louise , Jones Richard , Lazarowicz Henry , Kujawa Magda Lucia , Pandit Amol , David Rotimi , Wilson Katherine , Bates Christopher , Shergill I , Gan Christine , El-Husseiny Tamer , Mukhtar Bashir , Appanna Timson , Veeratterapillay Rajan , Harding Christopher , Crockett Matthew , Dawson Christopher , Simpson Richard , Zelhof Bachar , Starmer B , Mukherjee Rono , Bourdoumis Andreas , Jelski Joseph , Hashim H , McCabe John , Shaw Greg , Chow Karyee , Betts Christopher 
Published: January 2021

Objective In view of changing landscape of surgical treatment for LUTS secondary to BPE, this audit was undertaken to assess key aspects of the processes and outcomes of the current interventional treatments for BPE, across different units in the UK. Materials and method A multi-institutional snapshot audit was conducted for patients undergoing interventions for LUTS/BPE over 8-week period. Using Delphi process two-part proforma was designed to capture data. Results 529 patients were included across 20 NHS trusts in England and Wales. Median age was 73 years. Indications for surgery were acute retention (47%) and LUTS (45%). 80% of patients had prior medical therapy. TURP formed the commonest procedure. 27% patients had <23 hour hospital stay. Immediate (21%) and delayed (18%) complications were Clavien-Dindo <2 category. High proportion of patients reported residual symptoms. Type and indication of surgery were significant predictor of complications, length of stay and failure of TWOC outcomes, on multivariate analyses. There were variations in departmental processes, 50% centres used PROMs. Conclusion Monopolar TURP still remains the commonest intervention for BPE. Most departments are adopting newer technologies. The audit identified opportunities for development of consistent, effective and patient centric practices as well as need for large-scale focused studies.
Retrosternal hematoma in sternal fracture for prediction of concomitant injury on chest CT
Authors: Son Ye Na , Kim Jung Im , Lee Han Na , Shin So Youn 
Published: January 2021

Background Isolated sternal fracture, a benign injury, has been increasing in the pan-scan era, although one-third of patients with sternal fracture still has trouble with concomitant injury. The differentiation of these two entities is important to optimize patient management. Purpose To evaluate correlation between retrosternal hematoma and concomitant injury in patients with sternal fracture and to identify predicting factors for concomitant injury in sternal fracture. Material and Methods A total of 139 patients (84 men; mean age = 54.9 ± 15.3 years) with traumatic sternal fracture were enrolled in this study. We reviewed medical charts and multiplanar computed tomography (CT) images to evaluate cause, location, and degree of sternal fracture, retrosternal hematoma, and concomitant injury. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify variables that were associated with concomitant injury. Results Concomitant injury on chest CT was observed in 85 patients with sternal fracture. Of the patients, 98 (70.5%) were accompanied by retrosternal hematoma. Multivariate analysis revealed that retrosternal hematoma (odds ratio [OR] = 5.350; P < 0.001), manubrium fracture (OR = 6.848; P = 0.015), and motor vehicle accident (OR = 0.342; P = 0.015) were significantly associated with sternal fracture with concomitant injury. Conclusion Manubrium fracture and retrosternal hematoma portend a high risk of concomitant injury and indicate the need for further clinical and radiologic work-up.
Shear wave elastography of the radial nerve in healthy subjects
Authors: Bedewi Mohamed A , Kotb Mamdouh A , Aldossary Nasser M , Abodonya Ahmed M , Saleh Ayman K , Swify Sherine Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Objective This study was performed to examine the sonoelastographic features of the radial nerve in healthy subjects. Methods In this observational cross-sectional study, shear wave elastography was used to evaluate the radial nerve. The cross-sectional area and stiffness were measured. Results The study included 37 nerves in 20 healthy adult subjects. The mean cross-sectional area of the radial nerve at the arm was 6.1 mm2. The mean stiffness of the radial nerve in the short axis was 30.3 kPa, and that in the long axis was 34.9 kPa. The elasticity measurements were significantly different between the long axis and short axis. Conclusion The elastic modulus of the radial nerve was studied in healthy subjects and can serve as a reference for future assessment of different radial nerve pathologies.
Baseline Survey of China Social Work Longitudinal Study 2019: Design and Implementation
Authors: Yuan Yiqing , Liu Chang , Sun Zhongwei , He Xuesong 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The China Social Work Longitudinal Study (CSWLS) aims to provide the first national longitudinal multilevel dataset that contains comprehensive domains to monitor the development of social work in China. This study presents the design and implementation of the baseline survey in 2019. Methods: The CSWLS includes three scholarly themes of professionalization, governmentality, and institutionalization, which are reflected in comprehensive questionnaires on social workers and social work agencies. The CSWLS is a longitudinal panel study that has multilevel datasets of social workers nested within agencies that are selected by a multistage sampling strategy. Results: The baseline survey collected 979 agency questionnaires and 5,965 social worker questionnaires in 56 cities, holding the validity rates of 98.59% and 99.92% respectively. The sample had certain national representativeness when comparing to existed national data in China. Conclusions: The CSWLS will become a critical tool for government officials, professional leaders, and academic researchers.
Palliative Care and COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Study of Factors Associated With Infection and Death at an Oncological Palliative Care Reference Center
Authors: de Oliveira Livia Costa , Rosa Karla Santos da Costa , Durante Ana Luísa , Ramadas Rodrigues Luciana de Oliveira , da Cunha Daianny Arrais de Oliveira , de Oliveira Luciana Aparecida Faria , de Freitas Renata , Borsatto Alessandra Zanei , Esteves Eliza Maffioletti Furtunato Leocádio , Sampaio Simone Garruth dos Santos Machado 
Published: January 2021

Background: Advanced cancer patients are part of a group likely to be more susceptible to COVID-19. Aims: To describe the profile of advanced cancer inpatients to an exclusive Palliative Care Unit (PCU) with the diagnosis of COVID-19, and to evaluate the factors associated with death in these cases. Design: Retrospective cohort study with data from advanced cancer inpatients to an exclusive PCU, from March to July 2020, with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Diagnostic of COVID-19 and death were the dependent variables. Logistic regression analyses were performed, with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: One hundred fifty-five patients were selected. The mean age was 60.9 (±13.4) years old and the most prevalent tumor type was breast (30.3%). Eighty-three (53.5%) patients had a diagnostic confirmation of COVID-19. Having diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-6.6) and having received chemotherapy in less than 30 days before admission (OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 1.2-12.2) were associated factors to diagnosis of COVID-19. Among those infected, 81.9% died and, patients with Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) < 30% (OR: 14.8; 95% CI 2.7-21.6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) >21.6mg/L (OR: 9.3; 95% CI 1.1-27.8), had a greater chance of achieving this outcome. Conclusion: Advanced cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy in less than 30 days before admission and who had diabetes mellitus were more likely to develop Coronavirus 2019 disease. Among the confirmed cases, those hospitalized with worse KPS and bigger CRP were more likely to die.
Identity, language and culture: Using Africanist Sista-hood and Deaf cultural discourse in research with minority social workers
Authors: Obasi Chijioke 
Published: January 2021

Central to any anti-oppressive research endeavour is the importance of reflexivity and the genuine attempt from researchers to turn the research tools on themselves (Hermans, 2019). Beyond research, the social work profession has much to learn from the reflexive accounts of researchers. Issues of identity, language and culture are widely recognised as important when working with service users and carers in social work; however, this is much less the case when considering identities of social work practitioners. Starting with personal and professional positions of Black female and Deaf female social workers, this article reveals the reflexive journey of the Black female hearing researcher undertaking the research. The article takes an original approach to theory construction by introducing ‘ Africanist Sista-hood in Britain’ and marrying this with Deaf cultural discourse in the form of Deafhood, Deaf ethnicity and Deaf Gain, all of which make valuable contribution to existing debates in identity politics and the importance of self-naming and self-actualisation. Within the article the author discusses epistemological challenges in theory construction, data collection, language, transcription and dissemination, as they linked to power, privilege and the different forms this took within the research. The article makes a number of significant contributions. It introduces Africanist Sista-hood in Britain as a useful theoretical framework in research and at the same time encourages theoretical alliances across other marginalised groups. In discussing issues of knowledge production beyond existing hegemonic frames, it offers a broadening of the lens beyond the ways in which identity, culture and ethnicity are currently understood in the mainstream. In discussing Deaf cultural discourse and its influence on methodological choices it invites researchers to better engage with these issues from perspectives articulated by Deaf people.
The prevalence of Vickers’ ligament in Madelung’s deformity: a retrospective multicentre study of 75 surgical cases
Authors: Farr Sebastian , Martínez-Alvarez Sergio , Little Kevin J. , Henstenburg Jeffrey , Ristl Robin , Stauffer Alexandra , Soldado Francisco , Zlotolow Dan A. 
Published: January 2021

In a retrospective multicentre study, we aimed to correlate clinical factors and findings on plain radiographs and MRI with the intraoperative presence of Vickers’ ligament in Madelung’s deformity. We screened the records, in which the absence or presence of Vickers’ ligament was affirmatively indicated, of 75 consecutive operated extremities in 58 patients. In 83% a Vickers’ ligament was observed intraoperatively. The whole bone Madelung type (as opposed to the distal type) and a distal radial notch were independent, significant predictors for the presence of the ligament. The correct Vickers detection rate using MRI was 85% of the 27 cases for which MRI was available. Thus, the MRI was a good but not perfectly reliable modality. We conclude that Vickers’ ligament is present in the majority but not all cases with Madelung deformity. We advise that patients with a more severe type of Madelung’s deformity and a distal radial notch should be monitored closely. Level of evidence: IV
The role of Facebook groups in the management and raising of awareness of antidepressant withdrawal: is social media filling the void left by health services?
Authors: White Edward , Read John , Julo Sherry 
Published: January 2021

Background: Antidepressant withdrawal is experienced by about half of people who try to reduce or come off their medication. It can be a debilitating, long lasting process. Many clinicians misdiagnose or minimise symptoms, inadvertently prolonging suffering. Most are unable to help patients safely taper off. There has been little research into the peer support communities that are playing an increasingly important role in helping people withdraw from psychiatric medications. Methods: To illustrate the growth and activities of Facebook withdrawal groups, we examined 13 such groups. All were raising awareness of, and supporting individuals tapering off, antidepressants and were followed for 13 months. A further three groups were added for the last 5 months of the study. Results: In June 2020, the groups had a total membership of 67,125, of which, 60,261 were in private groups. The increase in membership for the 13 groups over the study period was 28.4%. One group was examined in greater detail. Group membership was 82.5% female, as were 80% of the Administrators and Moderators, all of whom are lay volunteers. Membership was international but dominated (51.2%) by the United States (US). The most common reason for seeking out this group was failed clinician-led tapers. Discussion: The results are discussed in the context of research on the prevalence, duration and severity of antidepressant withdrawal. We question why so many patients seek help in peer-led Facebook groups, rather than relying on the clinicians that prescribed the medications. The withdrawal experiences of tens of thousands of people remain hidden in these groups where they receive support to taper when healthcare services should be responsible. Further research should focus on the methods of support and tapering protocols used in these groups to enable improved, more informed support by clinicians. Support from Governments and healthcare agencies is also needed, internationally, to address this issue.
A unified machine learning approach to time series forecasting applied to demand at emergency departments
Authors: Vollmer Michaela A.C. , Glampson Ben , Mellan Thomas , Mishra Swapnil , Mercuri Luca , Costello Ceire , Klaber Robert , Cooke Graham , Flaxman Seth , Bhatt Samir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
There were 25.6 million attendances at Emergency Departments (EDs) in England in 2019 corresponding to an increase of 12 million attendances over the past ten years. The steadily rising demand at EDs creates a constant challenge to provide adequate quality of care while maintaining standards and productivity. Managing hospital demand effectively requires an adequate knowledge of the future rate of admission. We develop a novel predictive framework to understand the temporal dynamics of hospital demand.

Methods
We compare and combine state-of-the-art forecasting methods to predict hospital demand 1, 3 or 7 days into the future. In particular, our analysis compares machine learning algorithms to more traditional linear models as measured in a mean absolute error (MAE) and we consider two different hyperparameter tuning methods, enabling a faster deployment of our models without compromising performance. We believe our framework can readily be used to forecast a wide range of policy relevant indicators.

Results
We find that linear models often outperform machine learning methods and that the quality of our predictions for any of the forecasting horizons of 1, 3 or 7 days are comparable as measured in MAE. Our approach is able to predict attendances at these emergency departments one day in advance up to a mean absolute error of ±14 and ±10 patients corresponding to a mean absolute percentage error of 6.8% and 8.6% respectively.

Conclusions
Simple linear methods like generalized linear models are often better or at least as good as ensemble learning methods like the gradient boosting or random forest algorithm. However, though sophisticated machine learning methods are not necessarily better than linear models, they improve the diversity of model predictions so that stacked predictions can be more robust than any single model including the best performing one.
“SQiD, the Single Question in Delirium; can a single question help clinicians to detect delirium in hospitalised cancer patients?” running heading Single Question in Delirium” (Bcan-D-20-01665)
Authors: Sands Megan B. , Sharma Swapnil , Carpenter Lindsay , Hartshorn Andrew , Lee Jessica T. , Lujic Sanja , Congdon Megan E. , Buchanan Angus M. , Agar Meera , Vardy Janette L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aim
A serious syndrome for cancer in-patients, delirium risk increases with age and medical acuity. Screening tools exist but detection is frequently delayed or missed. We test the ‘Single Question in Delirium’ (SQiD), in comparison to psychiatrist clinical interview.

Methods
Inpatients in two comprehensive cancer centres were prospectively screened. Clinical staff asked informants to respond to the SQiD: “Do you feel that [patient’s name] has been more confused lately?”. The primary endpoint was negative predictive value (NPV) of the SQiD versus psychiatrist diagnosis (Diagnostic and Statistics Manual criteria). Secondary endpoints included: NPV of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), sensitivity, specificity and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient.

Results
Between May 2012 and July 2015, the SQiD plus CAM was applied to 122 patients; 73 had the SQiD and psychiatrist interview. Median age was 65 yrs. (interquartile range 54–74), 46% were female; median length of hospital stay was 12 days (5–18 days). Major cancer types were lung (19%), gastric or other upper GI (15%) and breast (14%). 70% of participants had stage 4 cancer. Diagnostic values were similar between the SQiD (NPV = 74, 95% CI 67–81; kappa = 0.32) and CAM (NPV = 72, 95% CI 67–77, kappa = 0.32), compared with psychiatrist interview. Overall the CAM identified only a small number of delirious cases but all were true positives. The specificity of the SQiD was 87% (74–95) The SQiD had higher sensitivity than CAM (44% [95% CI 41–80] vs 26% [10–48]).

Conclusion
The SQiD, administered by bedside clinical staff, was feasible and its psychometric properties are now better understood. The SQiD can contribute to delirium detection and clinical care for hospitalised cancer patients.
Ocular abnormalities in a large patient cohort with retinitis pigmentosa in Western China
Authors: Tan Lian , Long Yanling , Li Ziyang , Ying Xi , Ren Jiayun , Sun Cheng , Meng Xiaohong , Li Shiying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo report the prevalence of ocular abnormalities and investigate visual acuity in a large cohort of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients in Western China.MethodsThe medical records and ophthalmic examination reports of 2127 eyes of 1065 RP patients at one eye hospital were retrospectively reviewed to determined the prevalence of ocular abnormalities and the relationship between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular abnormalities.ResultsNyctalopia (58.2%) and blurred vision (27.1%) were the leading reasons for RP patients to request an ophthalmic examination. BCVA measurements in the better eyes at first clinical presentation showed that 304 patients (28.5%) were categorised as blind and 220 patients (20.7%) as low vision. The most common ocular abnormalities were macular abnormalities (59.7%) and cataracts (43.1%). The macular abnormalities included epiretinal membranes (51.1%), cystoid macular edema (18.4%), vitreomacular traction syndrome (2.4%), macular holes (2.3%) and choroidal neovascular membranes (0.05%). Glaucoma was found in 35 eyes (1.6%). The proportions of epiretinal membranes (p = 0.001) and macular holes (p = 0.008) increased significantly with age. Cystoid macular edema was significantly associated with poorer visual acuity in RP patients with clear lens (p = 0.002).ConclusionCataracts and macular abnormalities are common in RP patients. Of the macular abnormalities, cystoid macular edema may have a negative effect on BCVA in RP patients with clear lens. Therefore, optical coherence tomography screening in RP patients is highly recommended for early detection and treatment of maculopathy.
The impact of video gaming on cognitive functioning of people with schizophrenia (GAME-S): study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Välimäki Maritta , Yang Min , Lam Yuen Ting Joyce , Lantta Tella , Palva Matias , Palva Satu , Yee Benjamin , Yip Siu Hung , Yu Kin-sun Dan , Chang Hing Chiu Charles , Cheng Po Yee Ivy , Bressington Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Video gaming is a promising intervention for cognitive and social impairment in patients with schizophrenia. A number of gaming interventions have been evaluated in small-scale studies with various patient groups, but studies on patients with schizophrenia remain scarce and rarely include the evaluation of both clinical and neurocognitive outcomes. In this study, we will test the effectiveness of two interventions with gaming elements to improve cognitive and clinical outcomes among persons with schizophrenia.

Methods
The participants will be recruited from different outpatient units (e.g., outpatient psychiatric units, day hospitals, residential care homes). The controlled clinical trial will follow a three-arm parallel-group design: 1) cognitive training (experimental group, CogniFit), 2) entertainment gaming (active control group, SIMS 4), and 3) treatment as usual. The primary outcomes are working memory function at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. The secondary outcomes are patients’ other cognitive and social functioning, the ability to experience pleasure, self-efficacy, and negative symptoms at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. We will also test the effectiveness of gaming interventions on neurocognitive outcomes (EEG and 3 T MRI plus rs-fMRI) at a 3-month follow-up as an additional secondary outcome. Data will be collected in outpatient psychiatric services in Hong Kong. Participants will have a formal diagnosis of schizophrenia and be between 18 and 60 years old. We aim to have a total of 234 participants, randomly allocated to the three arms. A sub-sample of patients (N = 150) will be recruited to undergo an EEG. For neuroimaging assessment, patients will be randomly allocated to a subset of patients (N=126). We will estimate the efficacy of the interventions on the primary and secondary outcomes based on the intention-to-treat principle. Behavioural and EEG data will be analysed separately.

Discussion
The study will characterise benefits of gaming on patients’ health and well-being, and contribute towards the development of new treatment approaches for patients with schizophrenia.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03133143. Registered on April 28, 2017.