bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Spectral Acceleration (Sa) Vertical Component for Interface Subduction Zone Earthquakes of North-east India (NEI) and Adjacent Regions
Authors: Tauhidur Rahman , Chhangte Ricky L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article presented ground motion model (GMM) for vertical peak ground acceleration (PGA) and pseudo spectral acceleration (Sa) at 5 % damping for North-east India (NEI) and adjacent regions at a time period of 0.01 to 5 s, and hypocentral distance 40 to 300 km. We used combined point source (4.5 ≤ Mw ≤ 6.5) and finite fault model (6.5 < Mw ≤ 9.5) (refer as combined model) to develop GMM for vertical component of ground motion (VCGM) for the region. The vertical GMM obtained is validated with the available recorded events in NEI and adjacent regions for the interface subduction zone earthquakes. It is observed that peak ground accelerations and spectral accelerations are 55 to 65% lesser than the horizontal components of ground motions. VCGM parameters obtained in this study play an important role in designing low rise buildings and linear superstructures such as bridges, silos and chimneys.
Analysis of barriers in e-waste management in developing economy: An integrated MCDM approach
Authors: JANGRE JOGENDRA , PRASAD KANIKA , PATEL DHARMENDRA 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An increasing quantity of electronic waste (e-waste) is not a new cause of concern, and it has been causing trouble throughout the world. This waste comprises of valuable metals along with harmful compounds that leads to harmful environmental consequences. Managing this kind of waste in developing economies is difficult due to presence of lot of hindrance in the process. Therefore, the goal of this research work is to determine the barriers while taking expert opinions and through available literature, and subsequently prioritize them to address the challenges in e-waste management. Moreover, this study reflects a hybrid Fuzzy DEcision-MAking Trail and Evaluation Laboratory (F-DEMATEL) and Fuzzy Interpretive Structural Modeling (F-ISM) approaches applied for determining the interrelationship between the barriers. The F-DEMATEL technique facilitates in identifying influential and influenced barriers and categorizes them into causal or effect groups. Performance data obtained from this combined approach is applied to determine an overall rank for 15 identified barriers. In addition, a fuzzy Matrice d'impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée an un Classeement (F-MICMAC) analysis is exercised to sort them into dependent or driving factor. The findings suggest that the underlying cause barriers include ‘lack of customer awareness about return’, ‘less policies addressing e-waste problem’, ‘lack of long-term planning’, and ‘insensitiveness of public towards environmental issues. The methodology is integrated with fuzzy logic to take uncertainty in the data gathered into consideration. This approach aids policymakers and decision-makers in determining the barriers' mutual relationships and interconnections.
Changes In Argentine Ant Trophic Position As A Function of Time
Authors: Baratelli Evelyne , Tillberg Chad , Suarez Andy , Menke Sean , Naughton Ida , Holway David A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The ecological effects of species introductions can change over time, but an understanding of how and why they do remains hindered by the lack of long-term data sets that permit investigation into underlying causes. We employed stable isotope analysis to estimate how trophic position changes as a function of time for the Argentine Ant, a widespread, abundant, and ecologically disruptive introduced species. Previous research at a site in southern California (Rice Canyon, San Diego Co.) found that Argentine Ant δ15N values were higher at the leading edge of invasion than at those same sites in years subsequent to invasion. To assess if a reduction in relative trophic position over time is a typical feature of ant invasions, we expanded the temporal and spatial scale of sampling and measured δ15N values of the Argentine ant at three locations with a known or inferred history of invasion: Rice Canyon (the site of the original study), the Sacramento River Valley (Yolo and Solano Cos., CA), and San Nicolas Island (Ventura Co., CA). Resampling Rice Canyon in 2019, 16 years after the original survey, revealed a significant increase in Argentine ant δ15N values. At the two other locations, Argentine ant δ15N values were independent of time since invasion (Sacramento River Valley) or position relative to the invasion front (San Nicolas Island). These findings suggest that post-invasion reductions in trophic position may not be a general phenomenon or could reflect transitory ecological processes that require finer-scale temporal sampling than was possible to achieve in the present study. Our findings are nonetheless consistent with the results of recent studies, which found that the effects of Argentine ant invasions persist over decadal time scales.
Investigating the Effect of Quadruple Therapy with Saccharomyces Boulardii or Lactobacillus Reuteri Strain (DSMZ 17648) Supplements on Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori and Treatments҆ Side Effects: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Naghibzadeh Nooshin , Salmani Fatemeh , Nomiri Samira , Tavakoli Tahmine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The primary goal of this placebo-controlled study was to determine the effect of quadruple treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii or Lactobacillus reuteri on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and side effects of the treatment.Results: This study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. And, eradication of helicobacter pylori was reported comparing conventional anti-H. Pylori therapy versus conventional therapy supplemented with S. boulardii and L. reuteri DSMZ 17648. For this aim, a total of 156 patients were included in the current study; and patients positive for H. Pylori infection (n =156) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 52 patients (Group P) received conventional quadruple therapy plus L. reuteri, 52 patients (Group S) received conventional quadruple therapy plus S. boulardii daily, for 2 weeks, and 52 patients were in the control group (Group C). At the end of the treatment period, all the subjects continued to take proton pump inhibitor (PPI) alone for 14 days, and then, no medication was given for 2 weeks again. During follow-up, gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using an evaluation scale (Glasgow dyspepsia questionnaire (GDQ)), and adverse events were assessed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. As a result, eradication therapy was effective for 94.2% of subjects in Group S, 92.3% of subjects in Group P, and 86.5% of subjects in the control group, with no differences between treatment arms. In Group S, the chance of developing symptoms of nausea (OR=2.74), diarrhea (OR=3.01), headache (OR=10.51), abdominal pain (OR=3.21), and anxiety (OR=3.58) was significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: In general, our findings revealed that the use of probiotic supplements containing S. boulardii or Lactobacillus reuteri (DSMZ 17648 strain) improved the eradication rate of H. Pylori infection, but it was not statistically significant. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct future research with a larger sample size to investigate the effect of S. boulardii supplementation on eradicating H. pylori infection and reducing treatment side effects.Trial registration: IRCT20200106046021N1, this trial was registered on Jan 14, 2020.
Modified Superior Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Technique With Vitrectomy Versus Vitrectomy With Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling For Retinal Detachment With Myopic Macular Hole
Authors: Carballés María José Crespo , Sastre-Ibáñez Marina , Cura Mar Prieto del , Anaya Laura Jimeno , Salvador Natalia Pastora , Angelini Simon Quijada , Ceca Guadalupe Garrido Garrido , Saénz Maria Carmen García 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the modified superior inverted internal limiting (ILM) membrane flap technique in retinal reattachment, macular hole closure and external retinal layers restoration in macular hole associated retinal detachment compared to ILM peeling. Methods: Retrospective case series of 10 patients that required pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment with macular hole followed for more than 12 months. Data from medical records were retrospectively collected and patients were divided into the superior inverted flap (5 patients) and ILM peeling group (5 patients). We compared best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after surgery, retinal attachment, macular hole closure rate and external retinal layer restoration between groups. Results: There were significant improvements in BCVA in both groups before and after surgery, with no differences between the two groups at 12 months after surgery (p = 0.9). The macular hole closed in 100% of cases in the inverted flap group and 80% of the ILM peeling group with no significant differences between groups. The retina was reattached in 100% of cases in both groups. Only 2 patients in the inverted flap group (40%) had external retinal layer restoration and none in ILM peeling group (p=0,62). Conclusions: ILM peeling and superior inverted flap techniques are useful for treating retinal detachment with macular hole in myopic eyes.
Pathological Investigation of Meningioma Capsule with respect to Tumor Cell Invasion
Authors: Sugawara Takashi , Kobayashi Daisuke , Maehara Taketoshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVE

No previous study has pathologically investigated whether the meningioma capsule presents with tumor cells. We investigated which types of tumor capsules include tumor cells to help decide the kind of capsules which can be left intraoperatively without recurrence risk.
METHODS

We investigated 22 specimens of 14 newly diagnosed meningiomas between February 2011 and June 2021. Capsules were classified into three types: tumor capsule (TC), capsule-like thickened arachnoid membrane (CAM), and extended membrane (EM). Capsule properties were scored as hardness (soft = 1, medium = 2, hard = 3) and transparency (high = 1, medium = 2, low = 3). Hardness, transparency, and score sum was compared between capsules with/without tumor invasion in CAM and EM types.
RESULTS

The mean follow-up duration was 28.1 months, and there was only one recurrence in a remote location from the residual capsule. Nine capsules were classified as TC, seven as CAM, and six as EM. 88.9% of TCs, 42.9% of CAMs, and 50% of EMs were invaded by tumor cells. Hardness, transparency, and score sum in CAM with tumor invasion was lower than in CAM without, but not significant (p = 0.114, p = 0.114, p = 0.057).
CONCLUSION

Thickened TC or soft and highly transparent CAM imply a high risk of tumor cell invasion, thus such cases should be followed up long and carefully. The hard and low transparent residual CAMs may have low risk of tumor invasion, thus these kinds of residual capsules might not increase the recurrence risk. Thus, leaving such capsules tightly adhered to the eloquent cortex is theoretically justified to avoid damaging the brain surface.
Lessons Learned from Applying Varying Coefficient Model to Controlled Simulation Datasets
Authors: Meng Xiaofeng , Goulet Christine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The development of site- and path-specific (i.e., non-ergodic) ground motion models (GMMs) can drastically improve the accuracy of probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA). The Varying Coefficient Model (VCM) is a novel technique for developing non-ergodic GMMs, which puts epistemic uncertainty into spatially varying coefficients. The coefficients at nearby locations are correlated by placing a Gaussian process prior on them. The correlation structure is determined by the data, and later used to predict coefficients and their epistemic uncertainties at new locations. It is important to carefully verify the technique before its results can be accepted by the engineering community. In this study, we used a series of simulation-based controlled ground motion datasets from CyberShake to test a modified VCM technique, which partitions the epistemic uncertainty into spatially varying source, site and path terms. Because the simulation parameters (inputs) are known, it is straightforward to verify what is recovered by the VCM from CyberShake simulation. We find that the site effects in CyberShake datasets can be reliably recovered by the VCM. However, the densely-located self-similar events in CyberShake datasets lead to large correlation lengths, which violates the isotropic assumption underlying the method and prevents the VCM from capturing the genuine source effects. For path effects, cell-specific attenuation approaches fail to recover the anelastic attenuation pattern of the 3D velocity model, most likely due to inappropriate assumption of point sources and straight-line wave propagation. Instead, a midpoint approach that only considers the aggregated path effects can better recover the strong attenuation within basins by fixing the correlation length of path effects. Lessons learned in this study not only provide important guidance for future applications of VCM to both simulation and empirical datasets, but also help further development of the technique, notably for the recovery of path effects.
Adipocytokines on Insulin Resistance in Adolescents
Authors: Agostinis-Sobrinho César , Vicente Sofia E. de Castro Ferreira , Norkiene Sigute , Rauckienė-Michaelsson Alona , Kievišienė Justina , Dubey Viney Prakash , Razbadauskas Arturas , Lopes Luís , Santos Rute 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Recently, leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio has been suggested as a novel predictor of cardio-metabolic and other chronic disease.Aim: to evaluate the ability of leptin (L), adiponectin (A) and the L/A ratio in identifying high risk of IR in adolescents adjusted by cardiorespiratory fitness, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body fat percentage. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 adolescents aged 12-18 years-old. Blood samples were taken to analyze glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA‐IR] was estimated from fasting serum insulin and glucose). Results: Adiponectin, leptin, and L/A ratio were accurate to predict of IR among adolescents. The optimal L/A cut-off value to indicate risk of IR development was >0.35 in boys and >0.97 in girls. Logistic analyses showed that the suggested cut points for adiponectin (girls: OR:2.87 (1.1.26-6.53); p=0.012); leptin (boys: OR:5.23 (1.16-7.14) p = 0.006; girls: OR:2.99 (1.10-8.09) p=0.031) and the L/A ratio (boys: OR:8.38 (2.6-26.8) p<0.001; girls: OR:6.1 (2.1-17.0) p<0.001), were significant predictors of IR, after adjustments for age, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat percentage. Conclusion: Leptin and L/A ratio were associated with IR risk, after adjustments for confounders in both sexes and adiponectin in girls. L/A ratio seems to have a higher diagnostic accuracy to identify IR risk than adiponectin or leptin, in both sexes.
The Study of Feasibility and Acceptibility of Using HIV Self-Tests in High-Risk Iranian Populations(FSWs, MSM, and TG Populations): A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Moradi Ghobad , Amini Elnaz Ezzati , Valipour Azam , Tayeri Katayoon , Kazerooni Parvin Afsar , Molaeipour Leila , Moradi Yousef 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the HIV Self-Test in high-risk Iranian groups (MSM, FSWs, and TG people).Methods: This study was conducted in 2 main steps (the pre and post HIVST intervention and the qualitative method) between 1 October 2020 and 22 June 2021 in Tehran, Iran. The sample size needed for this study generally was 1000 people, including FSWs, MSM, and transgender individuals. The sampling method in this study was convenience sampling, while snowball sampling was used to complete the number of samples.Results: A total of 930 eligible respondents were enrolled in the study, of whom 456 (49%) were female, 49 (5.3%) were transgender (98% of TGs were male to female). The median age was 33.63 ±10.54 SD. The feasibility of the use of HIV self-tests in Iranian high-risk groups was significantly high. The majority of participants (97%) did not have any confidentiality problems while preparing or performing the test. In general, feasibility was assessed based on five questions. The overall feasibility score was 6.33 (0.824 SD). Taking tests, reading HIV test results, finding a safe place to do the test, and accessing HIV self-testing showed a high average. Conclusion: HIV self-testing was highly acceptable and feasible to permit routine HIV testing between high-risk populations efficiently.
Research On the Craniofacial Measurement Characteristics and Pollution Identification of Unearthed Human Bones at Shenna Ruins, China
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Mai Bingjie , Zhang Ying , Chen Liang , Li Yuhu , Wang Juanli , Cao Jing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The unearthed human bones are important materials for revealing ancient human food, ancient environment and ancient climate, and the origin of ancient humans, which the chemical composition and biological characteristics of bones have changed to varying degrees in the process of diagenesis, means that they were contaminated. Therefore, judging whether the unearthed ancient human bones are contaminated is a prerequisite for scientific analysis, environmental archaeology, and research on ancient human recipes. This paper is mainly using traditional morphological methods to analyze and study the craniofacial measurement characteristics of the unearthed human bones at the Shenna ruins, and the contamination of the unearthed human bones by burial environment and diagenesis was judged by using pH measurement, Scanning Electrion Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform red external light spectrum (FTIR). The results show that the organic composition of the remains at Shenna ruins is decomposed in a large amount, the inorganic structure is destroyed, which will eventually cause looseness and porosity. However, the composition of inorganic minerals of the human bones has not been changed or contaminated, they could be avoided unnecessary waste of energy and work and research bias in further study of paleoenvironment and paleoclimate in Shenna ruins.
Nutritional Policies and Anaemia Among Under-five Children in Selected South Asian Countries: 1950-2016
Authors: Waghmare Hanumant , Mondal Nasim Ahamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study provides an understanding between the nutrition policies and nutritional status of under-5 children in South Asian countries. It gives an overview of nutrition policies and actions taken to improve the nutritional status of under-5 children in the South Asian context, focusing on Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan. The efforts were taken to understand the legislative actions and children's nutritional status in these countries and their past efforts to deal with anemia. To execute the efforts, data has been taken from the Global Health Observatory Data Repository (GHODR), Demographic Health Survey (DHS) and reviews some of the critical interventions in nutrition within the different countries and draws out several issues that bear on these policies' future evolution. The findings show Around 57.3 percent in India, 40 percent in Bangladesh, 43 percent in Nepal and 59 percent in Pakistan under-5 children were found anaemic in 2016. There are 33 percentage, 31 percent, 20 percent and 12 percent points reduction took place in 26 years between 1990 and 2016 in Bangladesh Nepal, India and Pakistan respectively. The low anemia prevalence was observed in Bangladesh and Nepal despite fewer policies and programs than in India and Pakistan which manifests quality of policy is more important rather than quantity of policy. The findings show that the growth of nutrition policies and the program has a slow pace but positively affects anemia among the under-5 children in South Asian countries. To eradicate anemia among the children and to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), India and Pakistan need to take a policy lesson from the neighboring countries. This study suggests that National Nutrition Program requires inter-sectoral coordination between major Ministries within countries to get required level success within limited time.
Incidental Detection of Von Willebrand Disease: Can A Self-Assessment Anamnesis Questionnaire Protect From litigation And Minimize Complications?
Authors: Jorge Ana Cristina Seabra Robalo Gomes , Estler Arne , Stahl Adelana Santos , Daigeler Adrien , Stahl Stéphane 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Surgical specialties are often involved in legal actions associated with inadequate or incomplete documentation. Case presentation: We report the case of a 22-year-old patient with gynecomastia who developed a unilateral hematoma after power-assisted liposuction and subcutaneous mastectomy performed in an outpatient setting under intercostal nerve block and monitored anaesthesia care. After revision surgery healing was uneventful. Further exams revealed a von Willebrand Disease. The patient had omitted a previous circumcision and the occurrence of a hematoma thereafter during the preoperative patient assessment. The specific and detailed anamnesis and the erroneous answer were documented on a structured self-assessment patient questionnaire for pre-surgical evaluation. Conclusion: Literature suggests that standardized risk assessment improves the quality of the anamnesis, the patients’ safety, the physician’s time management. This case illustrates that it may also help defend the surgeons in case of medical litigation. However, physicians need to be aware of the risk of response bias.Level of Evidence: Level V, case report
Transcriptomics and Metagenomics of Common Cutworm (Spodoptera Litura) and Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) Reveal Their Differences on Detoxification and Development
Authors: Tang Ruixiang , Liu Fangyuan , Lan Yue , Wang Jiao , Wang Lei , Li Jing , Liu Xu , Fan Zhenxin , Guo Tao , Yue Bisong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSpodoptera litura is an important polyphagous pest that causes great damage to agriculture. We performed RNA-seq from 15 individuals of S. litura, including different larval (fifth and sixth instar larvae), chrysalis, and adult developmental stages. We also sequenced the Spodoptera frugiperda to compared with the S. litura. ResultsA total of 101,885 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in the S. litura. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that the S. litura may undergo active development and basic metabolism, such as xenobiotic and detoxifying metabolism, during its larvae and adult stages, which explains the difficulty to control it. We also found that DETs of single-copy orthologous genes between S. litura and S. frugiperda were involved in basic metabolism and developmental, but S. litura were highly enriched in energy and metabolic processes, whereas S. frugiperda had stronger nervous and olfactory functions. Metagenomics analysis in larval S. litura and S. frugiperda revealed that microbiota can both participate in the detoxification and metabolism processes in them, but the relative abundance of detoxification-related microbiota was more abundant in S. frugiperda. Transcriptome results also confirmed the detoxification-related pathway of S. frugiperda was more abundant than that of S. litura. ConclusionsTherefore, we can conclude that the detoxification ability of S. frugiperda is stronger than that of in S. litura, which is related to the wide adaptation and strong resistance of S. frugiperda. Our study might provide clues to the development of novel pest control strategies.