bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Populism and Carbon Tax Justice: The Yellow Vest Movement in France
Authors: Driscoll Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScholars cite right-wing authoritarian and business-elite influences in their explanations of populist mobilization against climate reforms. The Yellow Vest movement in France, initially sparked by opposition to a carbon tax, defies the generalizations offered by scholars, the media, and politicians alike. This populist movement emerged from below rather than from elite sponsorship and was motivated by social justice concerns. Through in-depth interviews with 31 Yellow Vest activists as well as supplementary primary texts and data, I uncover how the activists frame carbon taxation and climate change within their political struggle. The findings are four-fold: 1) the Yellow Vests are concerned about global climate change and feel their anti-climate depictions in the media are rooted in a government strategy to divide and discredit the movement; 2) they view the government’s taxing them in order to fight climate change as corrupt and unfair; 3) they argue that the carbon tax is additionally unjust due to their precarity, which has increased over several decades; 4) they want to fight climate change on their own terms and argue for more direct forms of democracy to equalize decision making. I conclude with a framework for understanding how and why popular movements oppose climate reforms.
What Is the Efficacy of a Nonoperative Program Including a Specific Stretching Protocol for Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendonitis?
Authors: Michelson James D. , Bernknopf Jacob W. , Charlson Mark D. , Merena Stephen J. , Stone Lara M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis and treatment of tendonitis/entrapment of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) has been sporadically described in the evidence, primarily in the context of dancers and other athletes. Although various nonspecific nonoperative treatments have been described, it is not clear how often they achieve a satisfactory amount of symptom improvement.

Questions/purposes
The present study was designed to address the following questions regarding the nonoperative treatment of FHL tendonitis: (1) In a population of patients where the default management option for FHL tendonitis is a comprehensive nonsurgical approach, what proportion of patients thus treated opted not to have surgery? (2) What factors were associated with a patient’s decision to undergo surgery after a period of nonsurgical management?

Methods
The 656 patients included were all those diagnosed with FHL tendonitis who were initially treated nonoperatively in the foot and ankle division between January 2009 and December 2018. Demographics, comorbidities, examination findings, imaging results, pain scores, treatment instituted, and final outcome were obtained from the electronic medical record. The primary outcome was the decision to have surgery due to unsatisfactory symptom improvement. We compared patients who opted for surgery with those who did not after nonoperative treatment with univariable and multivariable statistics using demographics, comorbidities, and clinical findings as potential risk factors, with p < 0.05.

Results
Forty-four percent (180 of 409) of patients decided to forgo surgery after the institution of a specific FHL stretching program. Surgery was more likely in patients with clinical hallux rigidus (OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.16 to 4.97]; p = 0.02) or posteromedial ankle pain (OR 1.78 [95% CI 1.12 to 2.83]; p = 0.01) and less likely in those who completed an FHL stretching program (OR 0.15 [95% CI 0.08 to 0.27]; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
FHL tendonitis is more common than the previous evidence suggests and frequently occurs in nonathletes. Once it was diagnosed by detection of tenderness anywhere along the tendon, most frequently at the fibroosseous tunnel, nonoperative treatment focused on specific FHL stretching and immobilization in more severe cases reduced the symptoms to the extent that 44% of patients decided that surgery was unnecessary. The key to its diagnosis is awareness that this injury is possible because most patients treated in this study had been previously seen by orthopaedic providers who had not appreciated the presence of the condition, leading to a delay in diagnosis and treatment of more than a year in many patients.

Level of Evidence
Level III, therapeutic study.
A Critique on Psychiatric Inpatient Admissions for Suicidality in Youth
Authors: Safer Daniel J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For the last few decades, psychiatric inpatient admissions for the treatment of suicidality in US youth have been increasing. Nonetheless, since 2007, the national rate of completed suicides by youth has steadily and sizably increased. Therefore, a literature review was performed to evaluate the usefulness of the psychiatric inpatient admission of suicidal youths. The analysis concluded that suicidality is surprisingly common in youth, completed suicide is very uncommon in early adolescence, suicidal ideation is a major reason in early adolescence for inpatient admission, girls are admitted to psychiatric inpatient units three times more than boys even though boys complete suicide four times more than girls, inpatient stays average 6 days and are quite expensive, and repeat attempts after inpatient treatment are common. Thus, filling more beds for youth with suicidality lacks evidence of a public health, long-term benefit. Expanding the focus in psychiatry to population efforts including means reductions is recommended.
The Burden of Elders
Authors: Shrum Wesley , Mbatia Paul N. , Yevuyibor Jonathan Teye , Schafer Mark , Walker Mark , Miller Paige , Palackal Antony 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although anxiety and depression have been central topics for scholars and clinicians in the United States, few studies have examined their correlates in sub-Saharan Africa and none have examined large urban slums. Using face-to-face interviews in two African cities, we analyze self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression in a community-based sample (n = 495). Ordinary least squares regression was used to analyze a variety of demographic and social predictors including sex, child-rearing, marital status, education, income, age, and neighborhood for residents of Agbogbloshie (Accra, Ghana) and Kangemi (Nairobi, Kenya). Controlling for other factors, two personal network dimensions were significant. Total network size is positively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in Kenya but not in Ghana. However, one factor was predictive of symptoms of anxiety and depression in both locations: the reported percentage of ties with older persons. Higher levels of anxiety and depression are associated with a larger share of older individuals in one's personal network.
Adopting an American framework to optimize nursing admission documentation in an Australian health organization
Authors: Shala Danielle Ritz , Jones Aaron , Fairbrother Greg , Baysari Melissa 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveApply and modify the American Essential Clinical Dataset (ECD) approach to optimize the data elements of an electronic nursing admission assessment form in a metropolitan Australian local health district.Materials and MethodsWe used the American ECD approach but made modifications. Our approach included 1) a review of data, 2) a review of current admission practice via consultations with nurses, 3) a review of evidence and policies, 4) workshops with nursing and informatics teams in partnership with the eMR vendor, and 5) team debrief sessions to consolidate findings and decide what data elements should be kept, moved, or removed from the admission form.ResultsOf 165 data elements in the form, 32% (n=53) had 0% usage, while 25% (n=43) had 100% usage. Nurses’ perceptions of the form’s purpose varied. Eight policy documents specifically prescribed data to be noted at admission. Workshops revealed risks of moving or removing data elements, but also uncovered ways of streamlining the form. Consolidation of findings from all phases resulted in a recommendation to reduce 91% of data elements.DiscussionApplication of a modified ECD approach allowed the team to identify opportunities for significantly reducing and reorganizing data elements in the eMR to enhance the utility, quality, visibility, and value of nursing admission data.ConclusionWe found the modified ECD approach effective for identifying data elements and work processes that were unnecessary and duplicated. Our findings and methodology can inform improvements in nursing clinical practice, information management, and governance in a digital health age.
Using dual EEG to analyse event-locked changes in child-adult neural connectivity
Authors: Marriott Haresign I. , Phillips E. , Whitehorn M. , Goupil L. , Wass S.V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrent approaches typically measure the connectivity between interacting physiological systems as a time-invariant property. This approach obscures crucial information about how connectivity between interacting systems is established and maintained. Here, we describe methods, and present computational algorithms, that will allow researchers to address this deficit. We focus on how two different approaches to measuring connectivity, namely concurrent (e.g., power correlations, phase locking) and sequential (e.g., Granger causality), can be applied to three aspects of the brain signal, namely amplitude, power, and phase. We guide the reader through worked examples using mainly simulated data on how to leverage these methods to measure changes in interbrain connectivity between adults and children/infants relative to events identified within continuous EEG data during a free-flowing naturalistic interaction. For each, we aim to provide a detailed explanation of the interpretation of the analysis and how they can be usefully used when studying early social interactions.
Thyroid function and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: A Mendelian Randomisation study
Authors: Marouli Eirini , Yusuf Lina , Kjaergaard Alisa D. , Omar Rafat , Kuś Aleksander , Babajide Oladapo , Sterenborg Rosalie , Åsvold Bjørn O. , Burgess Stephen , Ellervik Christina , Teumer Alexander , Medici Marco , Deloukas Panos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundObservational epidemiological studies propose that variations in thyroid function are associated with the risk of dementia; however, there have been inconsistent findings regarding the direction of the association. It is still unclear whether these associations are causal or not. We aim to test whether genetically determined variation within the normal range of thyroid function and hypothyroidism are causally associated with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodsMendelian Randomisation (MR) analyses_using genetic instruments associated with normal range TSH and FT4 levels. Secondary analyses included investigation of the role of hypothyroidism. Bidirectional MR was conducted to address the presence of a potential reverse causal association. Summary statistics were obtained from the ThyroidOmics Consortium and the latest available GWAS meta-analyses.ResultsMR analyses show a causal association between normal range TSH levels and decreased risk of AD (OR = 0.98, 95% CI=0.97-0.99, p = 0.01). There was no evidence for a causal association between FT4 or hypothyroidism and Alzheimer’s disease. Bidirectional MR did not show any effect of Alzheimer’s disease on TSH or FT4.ConclusionsThis Mendelian Randomisation study shows for the first time a causal association between normal-range thyroid function and AD. Future studies should clarify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
Potential environmental transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 inside a large meat processing plant experiencing COVID-19 clusters
Authors: de Rooij Myrna M.T. , Sikkema Reina S. , Bouwknegt Martijn , de Geus Yvette , Stanoeva Kamelia R. , Nieuwenweg Sigrid , van Dam A.S.G. (Sandra) , Raben Ceder , Dohmen Wietske , Heederik Dick , Reusken Chantal , Meijer Adam , Koopmans Marion P.G. , Franz Eelco , Smit Lidwien A.M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWorldwide exceptionally many COVID-19 clusters were observed in meat processing plants. Many contributing factors, promoting transmission, were suggested, including climate conditions in cooled production rooms favorable for environmental transmission but actual sampling studies are lacking. We aimed to assess SARS-CoV-2 contamination of air and surfaces to gain insight in potential environmental transmission in a large Dutch meat processing plant experiencing COVID-19 clusters.We performed SARS-CoV-2 screening of workers operating in cooled production rooms and intensive environmental sampling during a two-week study period in June 2020. Sampling of air (both stationary and personal), settling dust, ventilation systems, and sewage was performed. Swabs were collected from high-touch surfaces and workers’ hands. Screening of workers was done using oronasopharyngeal swabs. Samples were tested for presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR.Of the 76 (predominantly asymptomatic) workers tested, 27 (35.5%) were SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive with modest to low viral loads (Ct≥29.7). In total, 6 out of 203 surface swabs were positive (Ct ≥38), being swabs taken from communal touchscreens/handles. One of the 12 personal air samples and one of the 4 sewage samples were positive, RNA levels were low (Ct≥38). All other environmental samples tested negative.Although one-third of workers tested SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive, environmental contamination was limited. Hence widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via air and surfaces was considered unlikely within this plant at the time of investigation in the context of strict COVID-19 control measures in place.
Clinical Manifestations and Pregnancy Outcomes of Covid-19 in Indonesian Referral Hospital in Central Pandemic Area
Authors: Aldika Akbar Muhammad Ilham , Gumilar Khanisyah Erza , Andriya Rino , Wardhana Manggala Pasca , Mulawardhana Pungky , Anas Jimmy Yanuar , Ernawati  , Cahya Laksana Muhammad Ardian , Dekker Gustaaf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe data on clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 are limited, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes in COVID-19 maternal cases in a large referral hospital in IndonesiaMethodsThe study used a prospective cohort design of all pregnant women with suspected COVID-19. Subjects were divided into COVID-19 and non COVID-19 group based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of SARS-CoV-2. The clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and pregnancy outcomes were then compared between both groups.ResultsFrom 141 suspected maternal cases, 62 COVID-19 cases were confirmed (43.9%), while 79 suspected cases were found to be negative (56.1%). The clinical manifestations and laboratory findings between the two groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). However, the maternal mortality directly caused by COVID-19 was significantly higher compared to the non-COVID-19 group (8.3 vs 1.3%; p=0.044; OR 6.91, 95% CI: 0.79-60.81).ConclusionsThe clinical manifestation and laboratory of suspected pregnant women with positive and negative RT-PCR COVID-19 result are similiar. However, within the Indonesian setting, COVID-19 strongly increases the risk of maternal death through both direct and indirect factors.
P. acnes qPCR-based antibiotics resistance assay (ACQUIRE) reveals widespread macrolide resistance in acne patients and can eliminate macrolide misuse in acne treatment
Authors: Zhang Jingheng , Yu Fang , Fu Keyun , Ma Xinyu , Han Yi , Ali Chi Ching , Zhou Haonan , Xu Yantao , Zhang Tingyue , Kang Shuntong , Xu Yiming , Li Zhuolin , Shi Jiaqi , Gao Shuai , Chen Yongyi , Zhang Jianglin , Chen Liyu , Zhu Feizhou 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMacrolides have been widely used to treat moderate-to-severe acne for more than 50 years. However, prevalent antibiotic resistance of Propionibacterium acnes, along with the absence of clinically available resistance tests, has made macrolide misuse a frequent occurrence, with serious consequences.ObjectiveWe developed P. acnes qPCR-based antibiotics resistance assay (ACQUIRE) to enable fast and accurate detection of P. acnes macrolide resistance in clinical settings, representing an opportunity to administer antibiotics more wisely and improve the quality of care.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted to probe into the macrolide resistance of P. acnes in acne patients.ResultsThe high sensitivity of ACQUIRE enabled us to reveal a much higher P. acnes 23S rDNA point mutation rate (52%) and thus a higher macrolide resistance (75.5%) compared to previous reports. Carriage of ermX gene was discovered on 472 (53%) subjects, which concurs with previous studies.ConclusionMacrolide resistance of P. acnes is much higher than previously reported.
TEleRehabilitation Nepal (TERN) to improve quality of life of people with spinal cord injury and acquired brain injury. A proof-of-concept study
Authors: Dhakal Raju , Baniya Mandira , Solomon Rosie M , Rana Chanda , Ghimire Prajwal , Hariharan Ram , Makower Sophie G , Meng Wei , Halpin Stephen , Xie Shane , O’Connor Rory J , Allsop Matthew J , Sivan Manoj 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpinal Cord Injury (SCI) and Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) lead to unemployment, poverty, increased mortality, and decreased quality of life in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Telemedicine is increasingly facilitating access to healthcare, in LMICs. This prospective cohort intervention study aims to investigate feasibility and acceptability of telerehabilitation to provide long-term follow-up of individuals with SCI and ABI, in Nepal, post-discharge from hospital.MethodsTERN was delivered by Spinal Injury Rehabilitation Centre, Nepal, in collaboration with University of Leeds, UK. A home visit connected participants to the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT), through a specialised video conference system. The MDT performed a comprehensive assessment before recommending personalised interventions. Outcome measures assessed functional independence in performing activities of daily living, health-related quality of life and emotional disturbances using Modified Barthel Index, EuroQoL-5D, and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, respectively. A subset of participants was interviewed, exploring acceptability of telerehabilitation.FindingsBetween January and December 2020, 97 participants with SCI (n = 82) and ABI (n = 15) were enrolled. After receiving telerehabilitation, significant improvement to self-reported functional independence (p<.001) and quality of life were found, (p<.001). Self-reported severity of depression, anxiety and stress significantly decreased (p<.001). Qualitative interviews (n = 18) revealed participants accepted telerehabilitation, they valued regular contact with professionals without costly, difficult travel.InterpretationThis is the first study to test telerehabilitation in Nepal. This approach can be safely delivered for long-term follow-up for individuals with SCI or ABI, overcoming geographical barriers to healthcare access. A larger-scale controlled study is required to further explore clinical and cost-effectiveness.
Stepwise evolution of carbapenem-resistance, captured in patient samples and evident in global genomics of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Perlaza-Jiménez Laura , Wilksch Jonathan J. , Stubenrauch Christopher J. , Chen Tao , Zhao Yajie , Zhou Tieli , Lithgow Trevor , Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe World Health Organization ranks Klebsiella pneumoniae as a priority antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogen requiring urgent study. New strategies for diagnosis and treatment, particularly for those Klebsiella that are classified as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) need to recognize the increased prevalence of non-carbapenemase producing CRE (non-CP CRE). By integrating diverse Klebsiella genomes with known CRE phenotypes, we successfully identified a synchronized presence of CRE phenotype-related genes in plasmids and chromosomes in comparison to strains with carbapenem susceptible phenotypes. The data revealed a major contribution to CRE comes from the combined effect of chromosome and plasmid genes potentiated by modifications of outer membrane porins. Our computational workflow identified key gene contributors to the non-CP CRE phenotype, including those that lead to an increase of antibiotic expulsion by enhanced efflux pump activity and mobile elements that reduce antibiotic intake, such as IS1 and Tn3-like elements. These findings are consistent with a new model wherein a change to the balance in drug influx and efflux potentiates the ability of some beta-lactamases to enable survival in the presence of carbapenems. Analysis of the large numbers of documented CRE infections, as well as forensic analysis of a case study, showed that this potentiation can occur in short timeframes to deliver a non-CP CRE infection. Our results suggest that the multiple genes that function to build an AMR phenotype can be diagnosed, so that strains that will resist treatment with carbapenem treatment will be evident if a comprehensive genome-based diagnostic for CRE considers all of these sequence-accessible features.SIGNIFICANCECarbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has emerged as an important challenge in health-care settings, with Klebsiella pneumoniae playing a major role in the global burden of CRE infections. Through systematic characterisation of the chromosome and plasmid genes of K. pneumoniae strains and their antimicrobial traits we identified new CRE mechanisms that are important for accurate diagnosis of carbapenem-resistant AMR. The development of comprehensive genomics-based diagnostics for CRE will need to consider the multiple gene signatures that impact together to deliver non-carbapenemase, carbapenem-resistant infections.