bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID 19 Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of The Healthcare Providers in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Alghfeli Aljazia Khalfan , Zarooni Amal Abdul Rahim Al , Alremeithi Hamda Musabbah , Almadhaani Roqayah Abdulla , Alketbi Latifa Baynouna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHealth care providers at increased risk of COVID-19 infection, inadequate knowledge and practice about COVID-19, and infection control may lead to increased risk of disease transmission. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of COVID 19 cases is important in preventing transmission and improving patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, altitude, and practice of healthcare providers in the United Arab Emirates toward COVID-19 and to examine its determinants. MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of Healthcare providers regarding COVID-19. The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic from April to July 2020 , using an online anonymous self-administered questionnaire.ResultsA total of 2371 healthcare providers responded to the survey. A total of 1091 worked in inpatient hospitals, 494 in primary health care, and 388 in emergency and ICU care. The overall performance score for all healthcare providers was as follows: 49.1%, poor score; 41.8 %, intermediate score; and 9.2%, good score with a mean result of 17.14. Factors leading to better overall performance scores were years of experience, pediatricians’ specialty, and specialist’s occupation. A total of 55.7% received good direct knowledge from all healthcare providers. In practice, 48% had good practices toward COVID-19. The overall attitude mean was 2.8, from a maximum score of 7, indicating a positive attitude toward COVID-19.ConclusionsThe study-demonstrated gaps in specific aspects of knowledge and practice that should be focused on in future education and HCP awareness. A structured training program targeting all HCPs is needed to have good clinical knowledge and practice about COVID-19.
Adjudicating mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease as a novel endpoint event in the TOMMORROW prevention clinical trial
Authors: Schneider Lon S , Bennett David A. , Farlow Martin R. , Peskind Elaine R. , Raskind Murray A. , Sano Mary , Stern Yaakov , Haneline Stephen , Welsh-Bohmer Kathleen A. , O’Neil Janet , Walter Ryan , Maresca Sylvia , Culp Meredith , Alexander Robert , Saunders Ann M. , Burns Daniel K. , Chiang Carl 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an essential outcome in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prevention trials and a compelling milestone for clinically meaningful change. Determining MCI, however, may be variable and subject to disagreement. Adjudication procedures may improve the reliability of these determinations. We report the performance of an adjudication committee for an AD prevention trial.
Methods
The TOMMORROW prevention trial selected cognitively normal participants at increased genetic risk for AD and randomized them to low-dose pioglitazone or placebo treatment. When adjudication criteria were triggered, a participant’s clinical information was randomly assigned to a three-member panel of a six-member independent adjudication committee. Determination of whether or not a participant reached MCI or AD proceeded through up to three review stages – independent review, collaborative review, and full committee review – requiring a unanimous decision and ratification by the chair.
Results
Of 3494 participants randomized, the committee adjudicated on 648 cases from 386 participants, resulting in 96 primary endpoint events. Most participants had cases that were adjudicated once (n = 235, 60.9%); the rest had cases that were adjudicated multiple times. Cases were evenly distributed among the eight possible three-member panels. Most adjudicated cases (485/648, 74.8%) were decided within the independent review (stage 1); 14.0% required broader collaborative review (stage 2), and 11.1% needed full committee discussion (stage 3). The primary endpoint event decision rate was 39/485 (8.0%) for stage 1, 29/91 (31.9%) for stage 2, and 28/72 (38.9%) for stage 3. Agreement between the primary event outcomes supported by investigators’ clinical diagnoses and the decisions of the adjudication committee increased from 50% to approximately 93% (after around 100 cases) before settling at 80–90% for the remainder of the study.
Conclusions
The adjudication process was designed to provide independent, consistent determinations of the trial endpoints. These outcomes demonstrated the extent of uncertainty among trial investigators and agreement between adjudicators when the transition to MCI due to AD was prospectively assessed. These methods may inform clinical endpoint determination in future AD secondary prevention studies. Reliable, accurate assessment of clinical events is critical for prevention trials and may mean the difference between success and failure.
Trial registration:
NCT01931566
Algebra dissociates from arithmetic in the brain semantic network
Authors: Cheng Dazhi , Li Mengyi , Wang Naiyi , Ouyang Liangyuan , Zhou Xinlin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Mathematical expressions mainly include arithmetic (such as 8 − (1 + 3)) and algebraic expressions (such as a − (b + c)). Previous studies shown that both algebraic processing and arithmetic involved the bilateral parietal brain regions. Although behavioral and neuropsychological studies have revealed the dissociation between algebra and arithmetic, how algebraic processing is dissociated from arithmetic in brain networks is still unclear.
Methods
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study scanned 30 undergraduates and directly compared the brain activation during algebra and arithmetic. Brain activations, single-trial (item-wise) interindividual correlation and mean-trial interindividual correlation related to algebra processing were compared with those related to arithmetic.
Results
Brain activation analyses showed that algebra elicited greater activation in the angular gyrus and arithmetic elicited greater activation in the bilateral supplementary motor area, left insula, and left inferior parietal lobule. Interindividual single-trial brain-behavior correlation revealed significant brain-behavior correlations in the semantic network, including the middle temporal gyri, inferior frontal gyri, dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, and left angular gyrus, for algebra. For arithmetic, the significant brain-behavior correlations were located in the phonological network, including the precentral gyrus and supplementary motor area, and in the visuospatial network, including the bilateral superior parietal lobules.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that algebra relies on the semantic network and arithmetic relies on the phonological and visuospatial networks.
Terrestrial Medium and Large-Sized Mammalian Species Diversity in Michole Community Protected Forest, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Agebo Amanuel , Tekalign Wondimagegnehu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Study on medium and large size mammalian species diversity and distribution is important for conservation efforts in the different protected areas of Ethiopia. The study aimed to assess the species diversity of medium and large-sized mammalian fauna between October 2019 and July 2020 in Michole Community Protected Forest, southern Ethiopia. The study was conducted by stratification of the study area into three habitat types riverine forest (3.37 km2), woodland (4.14 km2), and grassland with scattered trees (2.33 km2) based on the vegetation cover. A diurnal transect survey method was implemented to record the mammalian species diversity. A total of 18 representative sample transect lines (six in riverine forest, four in grassland with scattered trees, and eight in the woodland habitats) which varied in length and width were used. A total of 17 species of medium and large-sized mammalian species were identified and recorded in the study area. Accordingly, order Carnivora and Primates constitutes a large proportion of abundance, while order Lagomorpha was the least. Anubis baboon (Papio anubis) was the most abundant species (15.14%) followed by Spotted hyena (12.98%), Porcupine (12.51%), Vervet monkey (10.35%), Common duiker (8.80%), and Giant root-rat (8.65%). The distributions of mammals among the three habitat types were comparable. Riverine forest harbored the highest mammalian diversity index (H’=2.35) followed by the woodland (H’=2.32), and the grassland with scattered trees (H’=2.30), respectively. The greatest species similarity was recorded in woodland (0.902). The study area harbors considerable mammalian species that are threatened by interacting anthropogenic factors. So, urgent conservation measures by concerned sectors are needed to safeguard these animals and their habitat.
Prenatal Glucocorticoid Administration Accelerates the Maturation of Fetal Rat Hepatocyte
Authors: Kobayashi Tsukasa , Takeba Yuko , Ohta Yuki , Ootaki Masanori , Kida Keisuke , Watanabe Minoru , Iiri Taroh , Matsumoto Naoki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Prenatal glucocorticoid (GC) is clinically administered to pregnant women who are at risk of preterm birth for maturation of cardiopulmonary function. Preterm and low-birth-weight infants often experience liver dysfunction after birth because the liver is immature. However, the effects of prenatal GC administration on the liver remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal GC administration on the maturation of liver hepatocytes in preterm rats.Dexamethasone (DEX) was administered to pregnant Wistar rats on gestational days 17 and 19 before cesarean section. Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the mRNA levels of albumin, HNF4α, HGF, Thy-1, cyclin B, and CDK1 in the liver samples. Immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to examine protein production.The hepatocytes enlarged because of growth and prenatal DEX administration. Albumin, HNF4α, and HGF levels increased secondary to growth and prenatal DEX administration. The levels of the cell cycle markers cyclin B and CDK1 gradually decreased during growth and with DEX administration.The results suggest that prenatal GC administration leads to hepatocyte maturation via expression of HNF4α and HGF in premature fetuses.
Gamma Irradiation-Induced Preparation of Polyacrylonitrile Acrylamide Nano-Silica for Removal of Some Hazardous Metals
Authors: Abass Mohamed Ragab , Elmasry Eman , El-Kenany Wafaa Mohamed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Gamma-irradiation initiated polymerization was utilized to prepare polyacrylonitrile acrylamide nano-silica {P(AN-AM)-NS}. Various analytical tools like XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and DTA & TGA were used to estimate the morphology, functional groups, and structure of {P(AN-AM)-NS} nanocomposite. The ability of {P(AN-AM)-NS} nanocomposite to remove Cs(I), Pb(II), Cd(II), Sr(II), and Cu(II) ions from the multi-component system was evaluated by batch techniques considering the influence of (shaking time, pH, reaction temperatures), and capacity. At the optimum pH, distribution coefficients have selectivity order; Pb2+ > Cs+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Sr2+. The kinetic data obey pseudo-second-order models. The capacity was reduced by increasing the heating temperatures of solid powder. The thermodynamic parameters showed an endothermic and spontaneous. The investigation proved that {P(AN-AM)-NS} nanocomposite is a suitable organic-inorganic sorbent for the sorption of the studied ions from liquid solutions and could be considered as potential material for purification of effluent polluted with these ions.
The Association Between The Interval of Radioiodine Treatment and The Response and Adverse Effect in Patients with Non-Progressive Lung Metastases From Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Wang Hongxi , Tian Rong , Shi Lei , Huang Rui , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose To assess the association between the interval of radioiodine treatment (RT) and short-term response and adverse effects in patients with non-progressive lung metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).Methods A total of 147 neighboring RT course pairs from 78 patients with 131I-avid non-progressive lung metastases from DTC were retrospectively analyzed. The courses were categorized into two groups by interval of neighboring therapeutic 131-I administrations (≤12 months and >12 months). The short-term therapy response and adverse effects of the two groups were evaluated.Results No significant differences were found between the two groups in the change rate of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulated serum thyroglobulin (ΔsTg%) (P=0.806) or the change rate of metastasis lesion long diameter (ΔLLD%) (P=0.246). In the subanalysis considering the number of treatments (3 and >3 times), no significant difference was found (P>0.05). No difference was found in biochemical response (interval ≤12m: P=0.325, interval >12m:P=0.456) or structural response (interval ≤12m: P=0.760, interval >12m: P=0.563) between the former and latter courses with regard to different intervals. No difference was found in adverse events between former and latter courses with regard to different intervals (P>0.05).Conclusions The interval of RTs is not associated with the short-term response or adverse effects in patients with non-progressive lung metastases from DTC. Appropriately prolonging the interval in specific patients seems to be feasible, and the interval of RT should be individually managed in clinical practice.
Nonlinear Analysis of Axial Vibration of Five-Axis Machine Tool Worktable With Double Turntable
Authors: Wu Shi , Liu Taorui , Liu Xianli , Fan Zhengdong , Li Yipeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Studies show that the applied torque and load on the worktable of a dual-turntable five-axis machine tool continuously changes during the machining process. These variations generate vibration in the worktable along the axial direction, thereby reducing the machining accuracy. In order to improve the machining accuracy of the machine tool and the dynamic characteristics of the worktable, this paper first established the nonlinear dynamic equation of the axial vibration of the machine tool table when the worktable is subjected to torque, swing moment and load according to the elasticity of the plate and shell; then according to Galerkin The truncation method solves the dynamic displacement in the axial direction of the worktable, as well as the bifurcation diagram, displacement waveform diagram, phase plane trajectory and Poincaré cross-section diagram of the processing system; Finally, the influence of different parameters, including torque, swing moment, and load on axial vibration of the worktable was analyzed during the tool operation. The obtained results reveal that as the external load changes, the corresponding axial vibration of the worktable is mainly in the state of large periodic motion, where the maximum vibration amplitude reaches 0.09mm, and the external load has the greatest influence on the axial vibration of the worktable. Moreover, the axial vibration of the worktable is affected by the swing moment. More specifically, in the chaotic state of a small period and small area, the maximum vibration amplitude reaches 0.03mm, and the swing moment has a negligible effect on the axial vibration of the worktable. The influence of torque and load on the vibration characteristics of the five-axis machine tool table during machining was studied through experiments. The obtained results demonstrate that non-linear analysis of the table axial vibration of the five-axis machine tool with dual turntables is an effective way to control the stability of the worktable during the processing of the workpiece.
Generating novel multi-scroll chaotic attractors via fractal transformation
Authors: Yan Dengwei , Ji’e Musha , Wang Lidan , Duan Shukai , Du Xinyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The fractal and chaos are bound tightly, and their relevant researches are well-established. Few of them, however, concentrates on the research of the possibility of combining the fractal and the chaotic systems to generate multi-scroll chaotic attractors. This paper presents a novel non-equilibrium point chaotic system, exhibiting extremely rich and complex hidden behaviors including chaos, hyper-chaos, multi-scroll attractors, extreme multi-stability and initial offset-boosting. The proposed system is combined with fractal transformation respectively, and a new class of multi-scroll attractors, such as multi-ring attractors and separated-scroll attractors, is observed. Particularly, swallow-shaped attractors for the first time is found. Moreover, another efficient method to generate a different class of chaotic attractors uses parabola transformation and triangle transformation. Additionally, the spectrum entropy ( SE ) complexity is employed to discuss the complexity of the proposed system before and after fractal, resulting in a chaotic sequences with fractal transformation that has higher complexity. Finally, we develop a hardware platform to implement the presented attractors before and after fractal in a way to confirm the accuracy of the numerical simulations, providing a theoretical basis for the next application in image encryption.
The Regional Case for Disruptive Energy Policy: A Civic Energy Perspective
Authors: McGovern Gerard 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis paper deploys a regional actor perspective to detect policy enablers of and barriers to the uptake of civic energy. In common with other forms of regional, decentralized energy, the civic energy concept not only challenges historical energy business models but changes the energy agenda to prioritize community development and climate issues. Energy policy needs to react by shifting from purely market regulations to the promotion of shared community energy solutions. Both current energy structures and established policy priorities are unsuited to deliver on widely recognized energy transition and sustainable development goals. Switching from a centralized to a decentralized energy mode is viewed as a major re-structuring of a socio-technical regime. In a series of expert interviews, two disruptive policy approaches, creative destruction and experimentation, are analyzed as to whether they can contribute to overcoming path dependency and carbon lock-in.ResultsThe interviews conducted with local and regional energy facilitators in seven North European countries identified a range of active, predominantly municipal and regional policy enablers of civic energy. Motivation for specific civic energy initiatives was derived from the translation of global climate goals such as the Paris Agreement into more focused and therefore tangible local targets, which acted as direct policy enablers. At the same time critical inconsistencies and a lack of coherence were identified in several national and European energy policy mixes. Over and above dismantling existing administrative and legislative restrictions on civic energy uptake, experimentation is needed to develop new community partnerships that can host civic energy initiatives and mobilize untapped local energy resources.ConclusionsMastering the uncertainties of re-framing energy systems requires systematic experimentation and an extended mandate for local and regional authorities. Whereas the fossil versus renewable energy policy debate seems to have been won, the shift from centralized to decentralized systems threatens existing power structures and remains highly contentious.
Integrating Network Pharmacological and Experimental Models to Investigate the Therapeutic Effects of Baicalein on Glaucoma
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Zhang Mingxu , Song Qiuyi , Li Siqi , Zhao Xiulan , Kan Liping , Zhu Siquan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating glaucoma with remarkable effects, but there is no clear conclusion on its mechanism.Methods: Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to analyze the mechanism and targets of TCM in the treatment of glaucoma, and use baicalein to intervene in chronic ocular hypertension rat animal models to verify.Result：The results of animal experiments showed that baicalin could significantly reduce the intraocular pressure(IOP) in a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension and protect the structure of the retina and optic nerve, as shown by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscope(TEM). Reduce the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) by up-regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, and adjusted the expression of AKT1, HIF-1α up and down to a certain extent, this trend is basically consistent with the results of the molecular docking. In the network pharmacology analysis, many key proteins of biological pathways involved in the herbal therapeutic processes on glaucoma like AKT1 (core protein of PI3K/AKT signaling), TP53 (a tumor suppressor gene coding tumor protein P53), STAT3 (core protein of JAK/STAT signaling), IL6 and IL1B (pro-inflammatory factors). And their interactions built complicated chain reaction in the process of glaucoma. Conclusion: By combining the analysis of network pharmacology and experimental verification revealed that baicalein can effectively improve the symptoms of glaucoma and reduce RGCs apoptosis, suggesting the potential mechanism of TCM in treating glaucoma is related to regulating inflammation and cellular immunity, and reducing apoptosis.
The Importance of Calibration Method in Determining the Association between Central Blood Pressure with Left Ventricular and Left Atrial Strain.
Authors: Ramkumar Satish , Yang Hong , Nolan Mark , Negishi Tomoko , Sharman James E , Marwick Thomas Hugh , Negishi Kazuaki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeAfterload is an important determinant of left ventricular(LV) and atrial(LA) function, including myocardial strain. Central blood pressure(CBP) is the major component of cardiac afterload and independently associated with cardiovascular risk. However, the optimal means of calibrating CBP is unclear - standard CBP assessment uses systolic(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) from brachial waveforms, but calibration with mean pressure(MAP) and DBP purports to be more accurate. Therefore, we sought to determine which CBP is best associated with LA and LV strain.MethodsCBP was measured using both standard and MAP based calibration methods in 546 participants(age 70.7±4.7 years, 45% male) with risk factors for heart failure. Echocardiography was performed in all patients and strain analysis conducted to assess LA/LV function. The associations of CBP with LA and LV strain were assessed using linear regression. ResultsMAP-derived CSBP(150±20mmHg) was higher than standard CSBP(128±15mmHg) and brachial SBP(140±17mmHg, p<0.001), whereas DBPs were similar(84±10, 83±10, and 82±10 mmHg). MAP-derived CSBP was not independently associated with LV strain(p>0.05), however was independently associated with LA reservoir strain(p<0.05). Brachial and central DBP were more strongly associated with LA reservoir/conduit and LV strain than brachial and central SBP. LA pump strain was not independently associated with any SBP or DBP parameter(p>0.05). MAP-derived CBP was more accurate in identifying patients with abnormal LA and LV strain than brachial SBP and standard CBP calibration. Conclusion﻿CBP calibrated using MAP and DBP may be more accurate in identifying patients with abnormal LA and LV function than standard brachial calibration methods.