bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KEMAMPUAN MEMBEDAKAN IMBUHAN DENGAN KATA DEPAN DALAM KALIMAT BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS X IPA MAN LOMBOK BARAT TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Jayadi Usman , Muhsan Muhsan 
Published: May 2021

Imbuhan dalam sebuah kalimat dapat mengubah makna, jenis, dan fungsi sebuah kata dasar atau bentuk dasar menjadi kata lain yang fungsinya berbeda dengan kata dasar atau bentuk dasarnya. Imbuhan yang mana yang digunakan tergantung pada keperluan penggunanya didalam pertuturan lewat kalimat. Untuk keperluan pertuturan itu terkadang sering pula siswa salah dalam menggunakan imbuhan (afiks) dalam kalimat bahasa Indonesia, sehingga mengakibatkan terjadi kontaminasi (kerancuan makna), ambiguitas, tidak logis, tidak efektif, tidak normatif dan lain-lain. Demikian halnya dengan penggunaan kata depan dalam kalimat bahasa Indonesia. Kadang-kadang kata depan dijadikan sebagai imbuhan dan imbuhan dijadikan kata depan dalam kalimat bahasa Indonesia. Permasalahan ini tampak pada cara menulis kalimat dan mengerjakan soal-soal dalam bahasa Indonesia pada siswa kelas X IPA MAN Gerung. Penelitian ini berorentasi pada masalah bagaimana siswa dapat membedakan imbuhan dengan kata depan dalam kalimat bahasa Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan membedakan imbuhan dengan kata depan dalam kalimat bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas X IPA MAN Gerung tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Metode penentuan subjek yang digunakan adalah metode populasi mengingat jumlah siswa kelas X IPA MAN Gerung kurang dari 100 orang. Metode pengumpulan data meliputi; metode observasi, metode tes, dan metode dokumentasi. Sedangkan metode analisis data menggunakan hitungan statistik. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa secara umum rata-rata peningkatan pembelajaran membedakan imbuhan dengan kata depan dalam kalimat bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas X IPA MAN Gerung tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 termasuk dalam kategori tinggi yaitu rata-rata (M) kemampuan individu dalam penggunaan imbuhan = 84,20 dan kemampuan kelompok = 84,20, sedangkan kemampuan individu dalam penggunaan kata depan rata-rata = 83,84 dan kemampuan kelompok = 83,84. Indeks Prestasi Kelompok yang dicapai sebesar 83,96. Termasuk kategori tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan target kurikulum dengan daya serap secara klasikal miniumal 75. Sedangkan kemampuan secara individu membedakan imbuhan dengan kata depan rata-rata siswa di atas KKM = 66,67 atau 100% tuntas.
Une bible à la main
Authors: Engammare Max 
Published: May 2021

L’image appartient à la mémoire collective du monde réformé : à la nuit tombée, une famille réunie autour de la table à manger est suspendue aux lèvres du patriarche qui lit la Bible dans une édition grand format ouverte devant lui. Le tableau de Greuze ou des gravures anciennes nous aident à visualiser la scène. Cette image est pourtant rare dans les familles réformées du XVIe siècle et appartient davantage à l’imaginaire des sociétés bibliques du XIXe. Ce n’est qu’au XVIIe siècle, et tard dans le XVIIe siècle, que les autorités ecclésiastiques calvinistes, à Genève, privilégièrent vraiment la lecture familiale des Écritures. L’article aborde la place de la lecture laïque de la Bible, individuelle ou familiale, à Genève aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles, en partant de prises de position de Calvin et de Bèze, puis en observant la pratique de lecteurs laïcs grâce aux registres du Consistoire genevois. D’une certaine manière, c’est l’archéologie du libre examen de l’Écriture par le fidèle réformé que Max Engammare fouille.
L’absolue nécessité de courir le monde de Jean Guidon de Chambelle
Authors: Mauran Philippe 
Published: May 2021

En 2003, Dirk Van der Cruysse publiait le récit de cinq années aux Indes hollandaises d’un Français, « mercenaire de la VOC ». Malgré son identification, l’origine et le milieu social de l’auteur restaient mystérieux : Jean Guidon de Chambelle, protestant parisien, affirmait pourtant le poids de ses recommandations. Des documents, issus du minutier central des notaires de Paris ou des archives du Châtelet, ont permis de reconstituer la parentèle de Jean Guidon, sieur de Chambelle. Le vaste réseau qu’elle dessine, avec une large assise géographique dans l’arrière-pays des côtes atlantiques, fait apparaître le rôle déterminant des calvinistes parisiens dans les relations du royaume de France avec les Provinces-Unies, ainsi que leur soutien financier à la régence pendant la Fronde. La contextualisation du texte de Guidon a aussi permis de comprendre les raisons de son départ : joueur pathologique, sa famille l’éloignait pour un temps d’un environnement qui l’emprisonnait dans son addiction. La construction du texte révèle la foi calviniste du sieur de Chambelle, mise au service de son retour vers les siens.
Infectés et suspects
Authors: López-Vidriero Abelló María Luisa 
Published: May 2021

Cet article pose les problèmes de réception des livres considérés comme hérétiques ou problématiques du point de vue catholique à partir d’une perspective privilégiée : celle du comte de Gondomar, l’ambassadeur de Philippe III d’Espagne à la cour de Jacques Ier d’Angleterre. L’intérêt politique du personnage, sa condition de bibliophile et de propriétaire d’une bibliothèque notable s’ajoutent à quelques éléments documentaires contemporains du comte, importants pour cette analyse : le catalogue de sa bibliothèque (1623) dans lequel le bibliothécaire du comte crée un « enfer », la visite des inquisiteurs après la mort de Gondomar (1626) et la correspondance qui amplifie et détaille les conflits de circulation de ces livres.
Aplicación de la propuesta grupos de interaprendizaje -GIA- en el desempeño docente en una institución educativa de Tacna.
Authors: Ayquipa Granda María del Carmen , Valdivia Dueñas Marcelino Raúl 
Published: May 2021

Investigación básica, explicativa. Busca determinar el impacto de la aplicación de la estrategia “Grupos de Interaprendizaje” (GIA) en el desempeño de los profesores de una institución educativa en Tacna. Se trabajó con una población de 62 unidades de estudio: 27 docentes del nivel primaria y 35 docentes del nivel secundario. La recolección de la información se realizó a través de dos cuestionarios: uno para recoger información sobre la aplicación de la estrategia GIA, y otro, sobre la información del nivel del desempeño docente. Se ha determinado que el grado de aplicación de la estrategia GIA en la institución educativa Manuel A. Odría ha sido óptimo en 51.61%. Sin embargo, se encuentran por debajo de este porcentaje indicadores como: distribución del tiempo empleado (32.26%), Organización (46.77 %), Recursos empleados 33.87% y nivel de control (40.32%). Para establecer la relación entre las variables se aplicó la prueba de Rho de Spearman, el coeficiente obtenido fue 0,120 y un p valor igual a 0,353 (p-valor > 0.05) que representa una correlación prácticamente nula entre las variables de estudio. Finalmente, los resultados encontrados permiten concluir que la aplicación de la estrategia “Grupos de Interaprendizaje” (GIA) tuvo un impacto moderado en el desempeño docente.
Opinion: Gigacity – a source of problems or the new way to sustainable development
Authors: Kulmala Markku , Kokkonen Tom V. , Pekkanen Juha , Paatero Sami , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Ding Aijun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The eastern part of China as a whole is practically a gigacity; it is a conglomeration of megacities with circa 650 million inhabitants. The gigacity, with its emissions, processes in pollution cocktail, numerous feedbacks and interactions, has a crucial and big impact on regional air quality within itself and on global climate. A large-scale research and innovation program is needed to meet the interlinked grand challenges in this gigacity and to serve as a platform for finding pathways for sustainable development of the whole globe.
Jaringan Komputer Berbasis Radius Server untuk Meningkatkan Pemanfaatan Internet di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Azhaar Ummu Suwanah
Authors: Fadlan Abdillah Hasibuan  , Subhiyanto  
Published: May 2021

Abstract— This research aims to create a proxy hotspot network to connect to the internet with a login system for users,namely teachers, staff and students at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Azhaar Ummu Suwanah and create a user management system on the hotspot so that network administrators can control and monitor users. and network security can be covered. Building a mikrotik hotspot network at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Azhaar Ummu Suwanah with the PIECES modeling analysis method using Winbox, while for network development with Usermanager. The test results conducted by the user have been connected to the proxy hotspot and got the bandwidth according to the package received. The design of the proxy hotspot network at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Azhaar Ummu Suwanah shows that the proxy hotspot provides convenience and practicality in using the internet.
Intisari— Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah jaringan hotspot mikrotik agar terhubung ke internet dengansistem login untuk para pengguna yaitu, guru, staff maupun siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Azhaar Ummu Suwanah danmembuat sebuah sistem manajemen user pada hotspot sehingga administrator jaringan dapat mengontrol dan memonitoringuser serta keamanan jaringan bisa tertutupi. Membangun jaringan hotspot mikrotik di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Azhaar UmmuSuwanah dengan metode analisis pemodelan PIECES menggunakan winbox, sedangkan untuk pengembanganjaringan dengan usermanager. Hasil uji coba yang dilakukan pengguna sudah terhubung ke hotspot mikrotik dan mendapatbandwidth sesuai dengan paket yang didapat. Rancang bangun jaringan hotspot mikrotik di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Azhaar UmmuSuwanah ini menunjukkan bahwa hotspot mikrotik memberikan kemudahan dan kepraktisan dalam penggunaan internet.
Breaking the Silent Treatment
Authors: Zhai Jingxi 
Published: May 2021

The dramatic revelations of the #MeToo movement have ex- posed the extent to which workplace sexual harassment is en- demic and concealed across different industries. #MeToo has also shed light on the use of non-disclosure agreements (“NDAs”) by harassers to conceal their pattern of repeated mis- conduct. While there has been strong public condemnation of NDAs in the wake of the #MeToo movement, there is limited case law on the question of whether contracts such as NDAs are legally enforceable when used to settle claims of sexual har- assment that do not amount to criminal conduct.
While federal and state legislatures continue to debate the benefits of legislating against such agreements, this Note ana- lyzes the viability of the common law public policy analysis to hold such NDAs unenforceable. Given that most states do not have specific statutes directly addressing sexual harassment NDAs, courts should look to a broad range of state legislation as relevant in considering the public policy interests counseling toward finding such NDAs unenforceable. Accordingly, this Note analyzes public policy considerations derived from three types of state law: restrictions on the use of NDAs in instances of sexual harassment, prohibitions of workplace harassment, and limitations on the concealment of public hazards.

Even in states without any such legislation, this Note urges state courts, when determining whether to enforce sexual har- assment NDAs, to more actively weigh the benefits of enforcing the contractual will of private parties against potential harms to the public welfare. Workplace sexual harassment is a public policy issue that is worsened by the continued use of NDAs. In concealing workplace sexual misconduct, NDAs prevent soci- ety, through private and state actors, from addressing the problem itself and threaten public safety and welfare by allow- ing offenders to potentially harm future workers. Without NDAs as protection, companies will be exposed to reputational damage and potential shareholder litigation when sexual har- assment news becomes public knowledge. Indeed, this threat of future reputational harm could be an effective way to encour- age corporations to change their internal policies relating to workplace misconduct.
Rated P for Public
Authors: Kalaria Parth 
Published: May 2021

Credit rating agencies have long played an important rolein the economy of the United States. In response to thefinancial crisis of 2008, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reformand Consumer Protection Act introduced reforms to increasethe transparency and accountability of credit rating agencies.With the rise of cryptocurrencies and the expansion ofblockchain technology, established credit rating agencies arenow considering offering ratings for cryptocurrencies, in thesame way they rate traditional securities.
Borrowing from the lessons learned from the experience ofthe 2008 financial crisis, this Note proposes that the UnitedStates government create a public agency to providecryptocurrency ratings. The Note begins by providingbackground information on cryptocurrencies, blockchaintechnology, credit rating agencies, and the subprime mortgagecrisis of 2008. Next, it discusses problems in the credit ratingprocess that were not solved by Dodd-Frank—namely, theprevalence of fraud and conflicts of interest between ratingagencies and issuers. The Note then proposes the publiccryptocurrency rating agency solution and additionalsupplementary reforms that may be adopted to address these unsolved problems.
Capital, Contagion, And Financial Crises
Authors: Tabor Nicholas K. , Zhang Jeffery Y. 
Published: May 2021

After the 2008-09 financial crisis, policymakers around the world focused on enacting improvements that would make the emergence of a financial crisis less likely (ex ante) and recovery from one more rapid (ex post). This Article identifies a gap in both the academic literature and the current financial regulatory framework in exploring how to limit the damage—to other firms, and to the financial system—when a crisis is ongoing. Policymakers cannot predict the origins of every future crisis, just as firefighters cannot predict the origins of every future fire. Once one begins, how can they keep the damage from spreading?
The academic theory on financial crisis “firefighting” divides into two main camps. The “capital view” claims that runs on financial institutions are fundamentally rational, and that investors care mainly about solvency. Under this view, the best way to fight runs is to raise capital requirements ahead of time, to multiples of current levels. The “contagion view” claims instead that the lack of liquid assets both defines and causes bank runs; an institution’s access to cash (and instruments like it) determines whether and when investors will withdraw funding. Under this view, the best way to fight runs is for governments to lend banks money—freely, at high rates, and against good collateral—and to promise to do so well before a crisis starts.
In this Article—the first to directly address this question empirically—we show that neither view fits the most catastrophic financial shock of the last ninety years: the 2008 Lehman Brothers bankruptcy. In some cases, banks with more capital and liquidity were actually more exposed, not less, to the market panic following Lehman’s collapse. By contrast, we show that simple market correlation was a powerful predictor of exposure to the Lehman run. We also show that market valuations of large banks are more highly correlated today than they were in September 2008, creating a potential unaddressed conduit for an unexpected shock to metastasize into a contagious run.
Long-Term Bias, Incentives, and Agency Costs
Authors: Kastiel Kobi 
Published: May 2021

The problem of managerial short-termism has long preoccupied policymakers, researchers, and practitioners. These groups have given much less attention, however, to the converse problem of managerial long-termism. Michal Barzuza and Eric Talley fill this gap in their pioneering article, Long-Term Bias. Relying on the behavioral finance and psychology literatures, the authors provide a novel and thought-provoking analysis of managerial long-term bias, which may be just as detrimental as the more widely condemned short-term bias.
This invited Comment to Barzuza and Talley’s article advances three claims. First, it argues that proper incentives— created by executive compensation, heightened risk of early termination, market responses and shareholder pressures— are likely to turn most managers more realistic and thus to mitigate their long-term biases.
Second, it explains how, in reality, it could be almost impossible to distinguish between long-term bias and traditional agency theories of empire building and pet projects. Ultimately, both long-termist and self-interested managers systematically harm shareholders; both choose to ignore shareholder interests and waste free cash flow on inferior business investments. This also explains why the cure to both long-term bias and agency costs is similar: reducing the relative insulation of the board from shareholders’ disciplinary power.

Finally, this Comment expresses strong support for most of Barzuza and Talley’s normative conclusions, with one important exception: their acceptance of the use of dual-class stock. With a perpetual lock on control and a limited equity stake, corporate leaders will be immune to any “institutional brake” on all forms of long-termist overinvestment. If anything, the analysis of Barzuza and Talley provides an additional strong justification to oppose the use of perpetual dual-class stock.
Codetermination: A Poor Fit for U.S. Corporations
Authors: Dammann Jens , Eidenmüller Horst 
Published: May 2021

The idea that a corporation’s employees should elect some of the corporation’s board members, a system known as codetermination, has moved to the forefront of U.S. corporate law policy. Elizabeth Warren’s Accountable Capitalism Act calls for employees of large firms to elect forty percent of all board members. Bernie Sanders’s Corporate Accountability and Democracy Plan goes even further and states that workers should elect forty-five percent of board members.
Both Warren’s and Sanders’s plans are broadly similar to the German law on codetermination, which for many decades has allowed employees of large German corporations to elect up to half of all board members. It is therefore unsurprising that Senator Sanders points to Germany’s successful economic development as evidence that economic progress and mandatory codetermination can go hand in hand.
However, this Article argues that codetermination promises to be a poor fit for U.S. corporations. While Germany arguably reaps significant benefits from codetermination, legal, social, and institutional differences between Germany and the United States make it highly unlikely that the United States would be able to replicate those benefits. Furthermore, the costs of codetermination probably would be much higher in the United States than they are in Germany.
Copyright and Joint Authorship as a Disruption of the Video Game Streaming Industry
Authors: Holden John , Schuster Mike 
Published: May 2021

Video game streaming on sites like YouTube and Twitch is now a billion-dollar industry. Top streaming personalities make tens of millions of dollars annually, as viewership of video game play continues to expand. While video game companies’ control over intellectual property embodied in video games is largely accepted, streamers’ rights in their recorded gameplay have yet to be settled.
Game companies likely maintain the right to stop unauthorized streaming of gameplay, but most do not exercise that right, as streaming represents free advertising. This raises the related question of what rights streamers have against unauthorized use of their gameplay. It also raises the question, unexplored in the literature, of what rights gameplayers maintain when competitors in their online games stream their matches.
We find that copyright can provide protection to streamers over the audiovisual recordings of their play, subject to contractual limitations imposed by game companies. Our analysis likewise establishes that gamers whose play is streamed by another party may qualify as joint authors of the streamed recording. This co-authorship could result in multi- millionaire streamers owing an accounting to other players appearing in their streams. The Article then explores the potential business implications associated with these findings and discusses potential strategies to protect the interests of game companies and streamers.
Geographies of Participation in Learning Abroad Mobility Among European Youth: A Comparison of Student and Non-student Groups in the EU Member States
Authors: Öz Yakup 
Published: May 2021

In recent decades, learning abroad mobility has become a popular movement and has often been considered among students in higher education. However, in the European Union (EU) context, opportunities to learn abroad are also provided for non-student groups of youth. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the role of certain socioeconomic factors concerning participation in learning abroad mobility and to compare their contribution between students and non-student groups of youth in six country groups in the EU. In so doing, a quantitative method was followed by using the data of Flash Eurobarometer 478. Findings of the multinomial logistic regression analyses show that although there is no significant difference between the EU15 and NMS (new member states) regarding young people’s participation in learning abroad mobility, such difference occurs within the NMS. Students are more likely than nonstudents to participate in general. The age of students, being female and living in rural areas among non-students can also hinder participation.
A Policy Shift from State to Non-state in Education Aid: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the UK’s Development Policies
Authors: Aung Thu Ya , Straubhaar Rolf 
Published: May 2021

Due to the historically outsized influence of the United Kingdom’s development assistance office on international aid, a better understanding of the underlying ideologies and political priorities guiding this agency would help the larger aid community more clearly understand the power dynamics and structural context of the development industry. However, these ideologies and dynamics are often left implicit and are not always easily understood. The purpose of this article is to use critical discourse analysis to unpack the ideologies, political priorities and power dynamics present in DfID’s official education policy documents. In so doing, we make the implicit explicit, and begin to unpack the implicit meanings and assumptions that are present in these written texts, particularly regarding the deprioritized role of the state in providing a high-quality education. We argue that this analysis reveals an underlying perception within DfID that the private sector is more effective at providing public education in developing countries than the public sector.
Higher Education Finance Between Ghana and the United States
Authors: Acquah Alfred 
Published: May 2021

Over the years, there has been a tremendous increase in enrollment in higher education as well as the cost of attendance. This article comparatively analyzes the higher education finance between the United States of America (U.S.A.) and Ghana, taking into consideration the goals of higher education, enrollment and expenditure, and the various sources of finance available to students in both countries. The source of education finance between both countries is examined through the lens of neoliberalism, which prioritizes capitalism, free trade, and market in public institutions, specifically higher education. While there are disparities in the financing of higher education in both countries, there is a similarity in the limited access to higher education and funding by students from low socioeconomic backgrounds.