bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerabilidade de mulheres ao estupro marital: reflexões a partir do contexto da pandemia da covid-19/Vulnerability of women to marital rape: reflections from the pandemic context covid-19
Authors: Pereira Gomes Nadirlene , Conceição Guimarães de Almeida Lilian , Moura Campos Luana , Damasceno de Santana Jéssica , Barbosa de Jesus Rafaela , Mendes da Silva Santos Jamile , Nascimento dos Santos Mascarenhas Rebeca 
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: refletir sobre as vulnerabilidades de mulheres ao estupro marital durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Método: estudo teórico-reflexivo realizado em maio de 2020 a março de 2021 para fundamentação teórica de uma tese de doutorado estruturado a partir dos aportes teóricos de Heleieth Saffioti, que versam sobre gênero e violência, e José Ricardo Ayres para embasar as análises a partir da perspectiva de vulnerabilidade. Resultados: a vulnerabilidade de mulheres ao estupro marital pode estar acentuada em virtude da intensificação do convívio do casal no período pandêmico. Pode-se, a partir dessa perspectiva, identificar o caráter individual, social e programático do fenômeno, incluindo situações como as mulheres não se reconhecem nessa vivência; a escassez de emprego nesse período e a dificuldade de acesso à rede de apoio. As construções sociais de gênero amparam as práticas de violência nas relações conjugais quando naturalizam as posturas machistas e patriarcais. Considerações Finais: as vulnerabilidades enfrentadas por essas mulheres são reflexo da perpetuação de comportamentos desiguais de gênero, os quais podem se apresentar de uma forma mais incisiva na pandemia da Covid-19. Nesse sentido, profissionais de diversas áreas devem utilizar novas tecnologias para o acesso, como o atendimento remoto e uso de mídias sociais online.
Objetivo: refletir sobre as vulnerabilidades de mulheres ao estupro marital durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Método: estudo teórico-reflexivo realizado em maio de 2020 a março de 2021 para fundamentação teórica de uma tese de doutorado estruturado a partir dos aportes teóricos de Heleieth Saffioti, que versam sobre gênero e violência, e José Ricardo Ayres para embasar as análises a partir da perspectiva de vulnerabilidade. Resultados: a vulnerabilidade de mulheres ao estupro marital pode estar acentuada em virtude da intensificação do convívio do casal no período pandêmico. Pode-se, a partir dessa perspectiva, identificar o caráter individual, social e programático do fenômeno, incluindo situações como as mulheres não se reconhecem nessa vivência; a escassez de emprego nesse período e a dificuldade de acesso à rede de apoio. As construções sociais de gênero amparam as práticas de violência nas relações conjugais quando naturalizam as posturas machistas e patriarcais. Considerações Finais: as vulnerabilidades enfrentadas por essas mulheres são reflexo da perpetuação de comportamentos desiguais de gênero, os quais podem se apresentar de uma forma mais incisiva na pandemia da Covid-19. Nesse sentido, profissionais de diversas áreas devem utilizar novas tecnologias para o acesso, como o atendimento remoto e uso de mídias sociais online.
Reiki no cuidado de enfermagem: imaginário e quotidiano de pessoas e de famílias vivenciando o câncer
Authors: Mendes Diego Cezar , Nitschke Rosane Gonçalves , Tholl Adriana Dutra , Viegas Selma Maria da Fonseca , Tafner Daniela Priscila Oliveira do Vale , Potrich Tassiana , Henckemaier Luizita 
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Compreender o imaginário do Reiki integrado ao cuidado de Enfermagem no quotidiano de pessoas e de famílias em vivência do câncer. Metodologia: Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial fundamentada na Sociologia Compreensiva e do Quotidiano, realizada com 20 participantes em uma clínica de tratamento oncológico e hematológico no sul do Brasil, de julho a dezembro de 2018. Aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa, n.º 2.765.976; realizaram-se de três a cinco sessões de Reiki, e após cada sessão, entrevista aberta individual com roteiro semiestruturado. Adotou-se o Processo de Cuidar em Enfermagem considerando o Quotidiano e o Imaginário em Saúde. A Análise dos dados seguiu a propostada Análise Temática. Resultados: O Imaginário sobre o Reiki, integrado ao cuidado de Enfermagem no quotidiano de pessoas e de famílias que vivenciam o câncer, delineia a experiência com o Reiki e os seus significados, apontando os benefícios de sentir-se bem, atenuação ou desaparecimento das dores; equilíbrios energético, emocional, espiritual e físico. Considerações Finais: O imaginário sobre o Reiki mostrou uma experiência que permitiu vivenciar a desmistificação da doença, a atitude positiva - enquanto potência para seu enfrentamento -, possibilitou emergir a força vital de cada pessoa e família, promovendo a saúde no viver e conviver, a partir da razão sensível.
A System for In Vitro Generation of Mature Murine Plasma Cells Uncovers Differential Blimp-1/Prdm1 Promoter Usage
Authors: Robinson Emily , Care Matthew A , Walker Kieran , Campbell Michelle , Tooze Reuben M , Doody Gina M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Upon encounter with Ag, B cells undergo a sequential process of differentiation to become Ab-secreting plasma cells. Although the key drivers of differentiation have been identified, research has been limited by the lack of in vitro models recapitulating the full process for murine B cells. In this study, we describe methodology using BCR or TLR ligation to obtain plasma cells that are phenotypically mature, have exited cell cycle and express a gene signature concordant with long-lived plasma cells. Dependent on the initial stimuli, the transcriptomes also show variation including the enhanced expression of matrisome components after BCR stimulation, suggestive of unique functional properties for the resultant plasma cells. Moreover, using the new culture conditions we demonstrate that alternative promoter choice regulating the expression of the master transcription factor Blimp-1/Prdm1 can be observed; when the canonical B cell promoter for Prdm1 is deleted, differentiating B cells exhibit flexibility in the choice of promoter, dictated by the initiating stimulus, with preferential maintenance of expression following exposure to TLR ligation. Thus our system provides a readily tractable model for furthering our understanding of plasma cell biology.
Tuberculostearic Acid, a Potential Parameter for Scoring System Construction for Tuberculous Meningitis Diagnosis
Authors: Fong Tsz Hei , Shi Wangpan , Li Siyi , Liu Guanghui , Ng Chung Lam , Jiang Haishan 
Published: December 2021

Background:
This study aimed to validate the value of tuberculostearic acid (TBSA) whether it could implicate the existence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and assist for the clinical diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM).

Methods:
The patient's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen was collected through the lumbar puncture and detected for TBSA with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. At the same time, gold standard tests, i.e., CSF direct culture, CSF smear microscopy, or nucleic acid amplification tests, for Mtb were routinely performed. Furthermore, we evaluated all patients by the Lancet consensus scoring system, which classifies suspected patients to “Definite (depend on gold standard results only),” “Probable (>10 pts without imaging or >12 pts with imaging information),” “Possible (6–9 pts without imaging or 6–11 pts with imaging),” and “Not (<6 pts or with alternative diagnoses)” TBM.

Results:
In total, 140 patients were admitted for our study included 27 confirmed TBM patients and 50 TBSA-positive patients. Sensitivity (0.7407, confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.5372–0.8889) and specificity (0.7345, CI 95%: 0.6432–0.8132) were calculated. The Lancet consensus scoring system was also applied to evaluate the possibility of TBM in suspected patients, finding that TBSA-positive patients showed a similar grouping distribution as the definite TBM patients.

Conclusions:
Our study implicates that the prospective utilization of TBSA is worth combining into a scoring system for characterizing the features of Mtb, showing a great potential of TBM diagnosis by TBSA in future.
Abdominal Tuberculosis
Authors: Dhali Arkadeep , Das Kausik , Dhali Gopal Krishna , Ghosh Ranajoy , Sarkar Avik , Misra Debashis 
Published: December 2021

Background :
Tuberculosis (TB) is common form of communicable disease in India. Abdominal TB is one of the most common yet misdiagnosed forms of extrapulmonary TB. It is missed due to its similarity to other conditions such as Crohn's disease and nonspecific clinical presentation.

Methods:
Medical records of 317 patients who were diagnosed with abdominal TB from August 2015 to December 2020 were reviewed retrospectively from our prospectively maintained database.

Results:
Among 317 patients, 167 (52.7%) were male. Median age of presentation was 45 (8–85) years. Luminal involvement was seen in most of the patients (n = 157, 49.5%), followed by peritoneal (n = 63, 19.8%), mixed (n = 42, 13.2%), solid visceral (n = 30, 9.4%), and nodal (n = 25, 7.8%) involvement. Two hundred and sixty-one (82.3%) showed complete response. Seven (2.2%) patients died and 5 (1.6%) patients lost to follow-up. Median duration of treatment was 28 (25–52) weeks. Drug-induced liver injury was identified in 30 (9.5%) patients. Median follow-up duration was 32 (1–70) months.

Conclusion:
Abdominal TB is quite a diagnostic challenge due its vague clinical symptoms, nonspecific radiological features, and poor sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests. Hence, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion to diagnose and treat this treatable yet lethal condition promptly. Most cases respond very well to medical management and a small fraction requires surgical intervention if diagnosed early.
The Diagnostic Yield and Safety of Sputum Induction in Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Khan Mohammed Ayaz , Rajendram Rajkumar , Al-Harbi Abdullah , Al-Ghamdi Majed , Masuadi Emad , Obaidi Mostafa , Al-Jahdali Hamdan 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Sputum smear microscopy examination and culture for tuberculosis (TB) remain a fundamental tool of diagnosis but may be negative up to 50% case of active pulmonary TB. Bronchoscopy to obtain sputum is invasive and not readily available. Alternative methods of obtaining sputum specimens are crucial in suspected pulmonary TB cases who are unable to expectorate. In this context, it may be beneficial to stimulate sputum production by administering a mist of hypertonic saline produced by ultrasonic nebulization. The aims of the study are to describe the experience of a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia with sputum induction (SI) for the investigation of patients suspected to have sputum scare TB.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was performed. All patients suspected of sputum scare TB and investigated with SI were included. Standard descriptive statistics were used. Categorical data presented as frequency were compared using the Chi square test. Continuous data presented as mean ± standard deviation were compared using Student's t test. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated.

Results:
Of 252 patients with suspected TB who underwent SI, 78 (31%) were ultimately diagnosed to have TB. Culture of induced sputum confirmed the diagnosis of TB in 44 (56.4%) of these patients. However, the diagnosis of TB would have been missed in 13.5% of the cohort if no further investigations were done. The incidence of complications was low. No patients required hospitalization or specialist intervention.

Conclusions:
SI is safe well tolerated and inexpensive. It may reduce the need for bronchoscopy in patients with suspected sputum scare TB. However, around 20% of TB can be missed by SI unless further investigations are performed. Hence, patients suspected to have sputum scare TB in whom the risk of bronchoscopy is high, a clinical decision on the appropriateness of empirical therapy is often required.
Evaluation of Plasma Amyloid Peptides Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 as Diagnostic Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease, its Association with Different Grades of Clinical Severity and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Z score in the Indian Population
Authors: Soni Hariom , Goyal Manoj Kumar , Sarma Phulen , Singh Harmandeep , Modi Manish , Sharma Anchal , Mohanty Manju , Vishnu Venugopalan Y. , Kumar Ashok , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Medhi Bikash 
Published: December 2021

Background:
We estimated plasma amyloid-peptides levels (Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40) as diagnostic biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and evaluated its association with clinical severity and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) Z score of the different brain regions in the Indian population.

Patients and Methods:
A case-control study was conducted. Diagnostic and statistical manual-IV, Dubois, and NIA-AA criteria were used for the diagnosis of AD. The plasma Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 concentration and 18F-FDG PET Z score were estimated for different brain regions.

Results:
Forty-seven cognitive impairment patients (AD = 29, mild cognitive impairment = 18) and 33 age-matched controls were enrolled. Plasma Aβ1-42 level was significantly higher in the AD group compared to controls (P = 0.046) and a cut-off >5.7 ng/mL has a specificity of 96.9%, sensitivity of 27.6%, positive predictive value 88.9%, and negative predictive value 60.4% for differentiating AD patients from controls. Significant correlation was seen between Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 ratio and 18F-FDG PET Z score in the bilateral-parietal, temporal, frontal-association area, and posterior-cingulate areas.

Conclusion:
As a diagnostic biomarker of AD, plasma Aβ1-42 level showed good specificity but low sensitivity in the Indian population.
SUVmax/ADC Ratio as a Molecular Imaging Biomarker for Diagnosis of Biopsy-Naïve Primary Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chinnappan Sheela , Chandra Piyush , Kumar John Santa , Chandran Ganesan , Nath Satish 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has recently been shown to be very high accuracy in biopsy-naïve prostate cancer (PCa) detection and can potentially improve the low specificity noted with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), especially in instances of prostate inflammation. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of DW-MRI and PSMA PET/CT using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) values in the diagnosis of PCa.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective study comparing and analyzing the diagnostic accuracy of prebiopsy DW-MRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CTs done in patients with suspected PCa (raised prostate specific antigen [PSA] and/or positive digital rectal examination) from January 2019 to December 2020. The standard of reference was transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies.

Results:
Sixty-seven patients were included in the study, mean age: 70 years (range 49–84), mean PSA: 23.2 ng/ml (range 2.97–45.6). Biopsy was positive for PCa in 56% (n = 38) and negative in 43% (n = 29). Of the benign results, benign hyperplasia was noted in 75% (n = 22) and prostatitis in 25% (n = 7). Of the PCa, 55% (n = 21) of were high International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade (4–5) and 45% (n = 17) low/intermediate ISUP grade (1–3). Overall the sensitivity/specificity/Accuracy for prediction of PCa of MRI using prostate imaging and reporting data system version 2 criteria and PSMA PET/CT using PCa molecular imaging standardized evaluation criteria was 92.1%/65.5%/80.5% and 76.3%/96.5%/85.1% respectively. Mean apparent diffusion co-efficient (mean ADC) value of benign lesions and PCa was 1.135 × 10-3 mm2/s and 0.723 × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively (P = 0.00001). Mean SUVmax and ADC of benign and PCa lesions was 4.01 and 16.4 (P = 0.000246). Mean SUVmax/ADC ratio of benign and malignant lesions was 3.8 × 103 versus 25.21 × 103 (P < 0.000026). Inverse correlation was noted between ADC and SUVmax values (R = −0.609), inverse correlation noted between ADC and Gleason's score (R = −0.198), and positive correlation of SUVmax and SUVmax/ADC with Gleason's score (R = 0.438 and R = 0.448). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a SUVmax cutoff 6.03 (sensitivity/specificity - 76%/90%, area under the curve (AUC) - 0.935, Youden index (YI) - 0.66), ADC cutoff of 0.817 × 10−3 mm2/s (sensitivity/specificity – 79%/86%, AUC – 0.890, YI - 0.65), and SUVmax/ADC ratio cutoff of 7.43 × 103 (sensitivity/specificity – 87%/98%, AUC - 0.966, YI - 0.85) for PCa diagnosis.

Conclusion:
For diagnosis of biopsy-naïve PCas, the combination of diffusion-weighted MRI and PSMA PET/CT (i.e., SUVmax/ADC ratio) shows better diagnostic accuracy than either used alone and the combination of PET and MRI is especially useful when distinguishing cancer from prostatitis.
Incidentally Detected COVID-19 Lung Changes during Oncologic Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computerized Tomography Studies
Authors: Purandare Nilendu C , Prakash Anjali , Shah Sneha , Agrawal Archi , Puranik Ameya D , Rangarajan Venkatesh 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The objective is to evaluate incidental detection of COVID-19 lung involvement in asymptomatic individuals who undergo fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET/CT) scans for oncologic indications.

Patients and Methods:
The study was conducted in a tertiary care oncology hospital and included patients who were asymptomatic for COVID-19 infection and underwent FDG PET/CT scans for standard oncologic indications between April 15, 2020, and September 30, 2020. Patients who showed CO-RADS category 4/5 changes (high level of suspicion) on the CT chest component of the PET/CT study were considered for analysis. CT severity score, presence of FDG uptake, and maximum standardized uptake value of FDG avid lung involvement were noted and correlated with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test.

Results:
1982 PET/CT scans were performed, 78 (3.9%) patients showed lung changes with high degree of suspicion of COVID-19 pneumonia (CO-RADS 4/5). Hematolymphoid and head-neck cancer were the most common tumor types (23%), and restaging/response evaluation was the most common PET/CT indication. Of the patients who underwent RT-PCR testing, 70% showed a positive result. The mean CT severity score was 6 (standard deviation 5.9) with no significant difference seen between the RT-PCR positive and negative groups. FDG avidity in lung lesions was noted in 41 out 57 (72%) patients. A significant correlation was seen between the RT-PCR positivity and FDG uptake in lung lesions.

Conclusion:
A small but significant proportion of patients undergoing routine oncologic PET/CT scans showed incidental COVID-19 lung involvement. Lung involvement in these asymptomatic patients showed a low CT severity score in all patients and FDG avidity in majority. Timely detection of such incidental cases can initiate further confirmatory RT-PCR testing and isolation measures that not only influence patient's cancer treatment protocols but also have a larger community impact of limiting the spread of infection.
Evaluation of cancer patient satisfaction during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Prakash Umbarkar , Venkatesan Kannan , Sudesh Deshpande , Nikhil Elenjickal , Suresh Naidu , Omkar Jadhav , Ritika Hinduja , Rohit Kabre , Sandeep Shinde , Walmik Mistari 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the entire health-care system and has led to a sense of fear and anxiety in the minds of patients. Patient's perceptions in this scenario of the pandemic are unknown. Providing continued care for cancer patients during the lockdown has been challenging. Measures are needed to improve patient safety and satisfaction during these challenging times and hence the importance of measuring the degree of satisfaction for the quality of care provided. The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors related to patients' satisfaction and also understand their apprehensions, fears, and anxieties they face as they receive radiotherapy treatment amid COVID-19 pandemic. The study's objective was to explore other aspects such as logistic issues, patient–staff communication, and also perceptions of the patients toward the outbreak.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted from April to September 2020. A questionnaire was created for which the patients were asked to provide answers. Parameters assessed included general information such as mode of transport used, frame of mind during treatment, awareness about pandemic, satisfaction toward care provided by health-care staff, and also documenting the suggestions to improve the quality of care.

Results:
During this period, we interviewed 108 patients: 56 males (51.9%) and 52 females (48.1%). 90.7% of the participants were satisfied with the condition and safety measures employed in waiting area and billing section. Majority (88.9%) were found to be aware about COVID-19. 74.1% of the participants were very satisfied with the services provided to them in the department of radiation oncology.

Conclusion:
The survey was useful in measuring the patient satisfaction, in understanding their fears and anxieties, and also in determining their awareness about the pandemic. The survey was also useful to get the patients' opinion and ideas for improvement in the health-care services.
Role of immunohistochemistry markers in neoplastic lung lesions
Authors: Umakanthan Srikanth , Chalapathi Rao A. V. , Mohammed Wayne 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
The objective of the evaluate was to study and determine the usefulness of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in neoplastic lung lesions.

Materials and Methods:
We evaluated seven IHC stains in fifty lung cancers that included adenocarcinoma (AC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), small cell carcinoma, and carcinoid tumors.

Results:
P63 was expressed in all the cases of SCCs and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) was expressed in all cases of ACs. CK 5/6 was expressed in 77.77% of SCCs and CK 7 was expressed in 92.59% of ACs. Synaptophysin and chromogranin-A were expressed in 100% of neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas.

Conclusion:
P63 and TTF-1 are sensitive markers for SCCs and ACs. Synaptophysin and Chromogranin-A are sensitive markers for NE carcinomas.