bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two tales of two protests: Principled and partisan attitudes toward politically charged protests
Authors: Peacock Navanté , Biernat Monica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects individual's right to protest, but people tend to have differing attitudes toward protests depending on the issue being protested. Across two studies we examined general attitudes toward protests, racial attitudes, and political ideology as predictors of support for two separate pairs of recent, politically distinct protest actions. In Study 1, participants provided attitudes toward the 2017 Charlottesville and 2016 NFL protests. In Study 2, attitudes toward the 2020 George Floyd and COVID‐19 lockdown protests were assessed. In both studies, support was highest for protests aligned with political ideology, and racial prejudice consistently emerged as a predictor of protest support, even for the COVID‐19 lockdown protest that was not explicitly racially motivated. These findings provide further evidence of prejudice being a political force and partisan beliefs biasing understandings of social issues.
Practical implications of using non‐relational databases to store large genomic data files and novel phenotypes
Authors: Moreira Souza André , Weigert Rodrigo de Andrade Santos , Machado de Sousa Elaine Parros , Tassoni Andrietta Lucas , Ventura Ricardo Vieira 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of our study was to provide practical directions on the storage of genomic information and novel phenotypes (treated here as unstructured data) using a non‐relational database. The MongoDB technology was assessed for this purpose, enabling frequent data transactions involving numerous individuals under genetic evaluation. Our study investigated different genomic (Illumina Final Report, PLINK, 0125, FASTQ, and VCF formats) and phenotypic (including media files) information, using both real and simulated datasets. Advantages of our centralized database concept include the sublinear running time for queries after increasing the number of samples/markers exponentially, in addition to the comprehensive management of distinct data formats while searching for specific genomic regions. A comparison of our non‐relational and generic solution, with an existing relational approach (developed for tabular data types using 2 bits to store genotypes), showed reduced importing time to handle 50M SNPs (PLINK format) achieved by the relational schema. Our experimental results also reinforce that data conversion is a costly step required to manage genomic data into both relational and non‐relational database systems, and therefore, must be carefully treated for large applications.
Differential value of intima thickness in ischaemic stroke due to large‐artery atherosclerosis and small‐vessel occlusion
Authors: Jin Suqin , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Yun , Jia Guoyong , Zhang Mei , Xu Mingjun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNo study has examined the differential value of arterial intima thickness in the subtypes of acute ischaemic stroke. This study aimed to assess whether intima thickness of carotid artery (CIT), radial artery (RIT) and dorsalis pedis artery (PIT) have an independent and additive value in differentiating ischaemic stroke subtypes due to large‐artery atherosclerosis (LAA) or small‐vessel occlusion (SVO). One hundred and sixty‐one patients with LAA and 79 patients with SVO were recruited. CIT, RIT and PIT were measured with a 24‐MHz ultrasound transducer. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the differential values of the different parameters in the two subtypes. ROC curve analyses were plotted to compare the differential performance of different parameters and the combination model. Both RIT and PIT were substantially thicker in LAA than in SVO stroke patients. RIT and carotid intima‐media thickness had similar performances in differentiating stroke subtypes. Introduction of RIT to traditional atherosclerotic associated risk factors had a marginal satisfactory differential performance for LAA and SVO stroke patients (AUC 0.775). RIT is a promising parameter for LAA and SVO subgroup classification. The combination of RIT and traditional risk factors might be a promising tool for differentiating ischaemic stroke subgroups.
Photodiagnostic services in the UK and Republic of Ireland: a British Photodermatology Group Workshop Report
Authors: Ibbotson S.H. , Allan D. , Dawe R.S. , Eadie E. , Farr P.M. , Fassihi H. , Fedele F. , Ferguson J. , Fityan A. , Freeman P. , Fullerton L. , Goulden V. , Haque S. , Ling T.C. , Mackay A. , McKenna K. , Ralph N. , Rhodes L.E. , Sarkany R. , Turner D. , Ungureanu S. , Weatherhead S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhotodiagnostic investigations are essential for the accurate diagnosis of abnormal cutaneous photosensitivity and provide important information for the management of patients with photodermatoses (cutaneous photosensitivity disorders). Although photodiagnosis has been undertaken since the early 1970s, specialist services in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland are limited and there is no formal guidance on diagnostic approach. Indeed, there is a limited literature in this area of methodology and diagnostic practice.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to undertake a British Photodermatology Group Workshop to review the role and activities of specialist centres in the UK and Republic of Ireland in order to ascertain whether there were consensus practices. Secondary objectives were to identify key priorities for service, training and research.MethodsAn initial detailed survey review of current activities was undertaken prior to the Workshop and data from this survey were used to inform discussion at the Workshop, which was attended by key photodermatology experts from the UK and Republic of Ireland.Results/ConclusionsWe have undertaken a detailed review of current Photodiagnostic Services in the UK and Republic of Ireland and report on our findings from the 12 centres and we have identified key areas of consensus practice. This is an important step in the process of standardising and optimising procedures and protocols and defining minimum clinical standards for photodiagnostic investigations, which are of such diagnostic importance in Dermatology.
Use of a perceived efficacy tool to evaluate the FallTIPS program
Authors: Dykes Patricia C. , Khasnabish Srijesa , Adkison Lesley E. , Bates David W. , Bogaisky Michael , Burns Zoe , Carroll Diane L. , Carter Eileen , Hurley Ann C. , Jackson Emily , Kurian Susan S. , Lindros Mary Ellen , Ryan Virginia , Scanlan Maureen , Spivack Linda , Walsh Mary‐Ann , Adelman Jason 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTo assess nurses' opinions of the efficacy of using the FallTIPS (Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety) fall prevention program.DesignSurvey research.SettingSeven adult acute‐care hospitals in 2 hospital centers located in Boston and NYC.ParticipantsA total of 298 medical‐surgical nurses on 14 randomly selected units.InterventionThree‐step FallTIPS fall prevention program that had been in use as a clinical program for a minimum of 2 years in each hospital.MeasurementsFall Prevention Efficiency Scale (FPES), range 13–52; four‐factorilly derived subscales: valued, efficiency, balances out and inefficiency; and 13 psychometrically validated individual items.ResultsNurses perceived the FallTIPS fall prevention program to be efficacious. The FPES mean score of 38.55 (SD = 5.05) and median of 39 were well above the lowest possible score of 13 and scale midpoint of 32.5. Most nurses (N = 270, 90.6%) scored above 33. There were no differences in FPES scores between nurses who had only used FallTIPS and nurses who had previously used a different fall prevention program.ConclusionThe nurses who used FallTIPS perceived that efficiencies in patient care compensated for the time spent on FallTIPS. Nurses valued the program and findings confirmed the importance of patient and family engagement with staff in the fall prevention process. Regardless of the fall prevention program used, organizations should examine staff perceptions of their fall prevention program because programs that are not perceived as being useful, efficient, and valuable will lead to nonadherence over time and then will not reduce falls and injuries. The recently developed FPES used in this study is a brief tool available for organizations to assess nurses' perceptions of the efficacy of their fall prevention program. Additional FPES research is needed with larger and more diverse samples.
Robust humoral and cellular immune responses and low risk for reinfection at least 8 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID‐19
Authors: Havervall Sebastian , Ng Henry , Jernbom Falk August , Greilert‐Norin Nina , Månberg Anna , Marking Ulrika , Laurén Ida , Gabrielsson Lena , Salomonsson Ann‐Christin , Aguilera Katherina , Kihlgren Martha , Månsson Maja , Rosell Axel , Hellström Cecilia , Andersson Eni , Olofsson Jennie , Skoglund Lovisa , Yousef Jamil , Pin Elisa , Lord Martin , Åberg Mikael , Hedhammar My , Tegel Hanna , Dönnes Pierre , Phillipson Mia , Nilsson Peter , Klingström Jonas , Mangsbo Sara , Hober Sophia , Thålin Charlotte 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmerging data support detectable immune responses for months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and vaccination, but it is not yet established to what degree and for how long protection against reinfection lasts.MethodsWe investigated SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific humoral and cellular immune responses more than 8 months post‐asymptomatic, mild and severe infection in a cohort of 1884 healthcare workers (HCW) and 51 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Possible protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection was analyzed by a weekly 3‐month polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of 252 HCW that had seroconverted 7 months prior to start of screening and 48 HCW that had remained seronegative at multiple time points.ResultsAll COVID‐19 patients and 96% (355/370) of HCW who were anti‐spike IgG positive at inclusion remained anti‐spike IgG positive at the 8‐month follow‐up. Circulating SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific memory T cell responses were detected in 88% (45/51) of COVID‐19 patients and in 63% (233/370) of seropositive HCW. The cumulative incidence of PCR‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1% (3/252) among anti‐spike IgG positive HCW (0.13 cases per 100 weeks at risk) compared to 23% (11/48) among anti‐spike IgG negative HCW (2.78 cases per 100 weeks at risk), resulting in a protective effect of 95.2% (95% CI 81.9%–99.1%).ConclusionsThe vast majority of anti‐spike IgG positive individuals remain anti‐spike IgG positive for at least 8 months regardless of initial COVID‐19 disease severity. The presence of anti‐spike IgG antibodies is associated with a substantially reduced risk of reinfection up to 9 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID‐19.
Making FAPE Appropriate Now for Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Scanlon David , Calhoon Mary Beth , Berkeley Sheri 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince its inception, a premise of special education has been to provide students with disabilities with an appropriate education. The interpretation of appropriate has evolved across eras of special education. For students with learning disabilities, emphases on inclusion and high‐stakes achievement have eroded the intention of FAPE. It is time for a re‐envisioning of FAPE. A new vision should not presume the same outcomes for all. Restoring goals and individualized curriculum informed by the general education curriculum instead of exclusively focused “in the general education curriculum” is the way forward.
Citizen science data of cetaceans in the Arabian/Persian Gulf: Occurrence and habitat preferences of the three most reported species
Authors: Natoli Ada , Moura André E. , Sillero Neftalí 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCitizen science data are becoming increasingly relevant in wildlife studies, especially when obtaining data requires costly logistics. In the Arabian/Persian Gulf, baseline information about cetaceans is scarce despite their regular presence. From 2012 to 2019, a citizen science campaign conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) obtained information on 1,292 cetacean sightings. These were methodically validated by experts, resulting in 1,103 records where species was confidently assigned. From the 12 species reported, we analyzed the spatial patterns of occurrence and drivers of habitat preference for the three most reported species: Tursiops aduncus (Ta 53%), Sousa plumbea (Sp 45%), and Neophocaena phocaenoides (Np 2%). Ecological niche modelling, considering seven environmental variables (physicochemical: temperature, silicate, calcite, pH; physiographic: distance from coast, bathymetry; biological: chlorophyll) showed subtle niche partitioning among the three species. Our results suggest different diets and energy requirements for Np, with Ta and Sp, segregating mostly by different patterns of space use. Specifically, Sp prefers close proximity to shore, particularly areas with complex networks of inland canals. This information provides an estimate of habitat preferences, that can be used in formulating effective conservation measures. Sp shows the narrowest area of suitable habitat and is at particular risk from habitat degradation.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Thioredoxin1 (SsTrx1) is required for pathogenicity and oxidative stress tolerance
Authors: Rana Kusum , Ding Yijuan , Banga Surinder S. , Liao Hongmei , Zhao Siqi , Yu Yang , Qian Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSclerotinia sclerotiorum infects host plant tissues by inducing necrosis to source nutrients needed for its establishment. Tissue necrosis results from an enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the site of infection and apoptosis. Pathogens have evolved ROS scavenging mechanisms to withstand host‐induced oxidative damage. However, the genes associated with ROS scavenging pathways are yet to be fully investigated in S. sclerotiorum. We selected the S. sclerotiorum Thioredoxin1 gene (SsTrx1) for our investigations as its expression is significantly induced during S. sclerotiorum infection. RNA interference‐induced silencing of SsTrx1 in S. sclerotiorum affected the hyphal growth rate, mycelial morphology, and sclerotial development under in vitro conditions. These outcomes confirmed the involvement of SsTrx1 in promoting pathogenicity and oxidative stress tolerance of S. sclerotiorum. We next constructed an SsTrx1‐based host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) vector and mobilized it into Arabidopsis thaliana (HIGS‐A) and Nicotiana benthamiana (HIGS‐N). The disease resistance analysis revealed significantly reduced pathogenicity and disease progression in the transformed genotypes as compared to the nontransformed and empty vector controls. The relative gene expression of SsTrx1 increased under oxidative stress. Taken together, our results show that normal expression of SsTrx1 is crucial for pathogenicity and oxidative stress tolerance of S. sclerotiorum.
Seasonal dynamics of the pink root fungus (Setophoma terrestris) in rhizosphere soil: Effect of crop species and rotation
Authors: Yoshida Naoto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSetophoma terrestris, a ubiquitous inhabitant of soil, causes pink root rot in various crops. In the present study, the density of S. terrestris was estimated by quantitative real‐time PCR in onion and non‐onion fields of Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. Three‐year observations in monoculture and rotation fields demonstrated that the fungus grew significantly from the third year onwards, and declined in fields planted with poor hosts (e.g., sugar beet and soybean) that produced few or no chlamydospores of S. terrestris. Seasonal analysis revealed that the population of S. terrestris consistently increased when the tops of onions fell over in summer, which is when root activity declines. However, the soil inoculum potential estimated by a seedling bioassay showed distinct seasonal patterns, which rose from post‐harvest in winter and remained high until the subsequent planting in spring. Detailed surveys on depth distribution in an onion field detected a high population of S. terrestris in the effective layer (10–30 cm deep) but not below the hardpan (40 cm), implying that the fungus is intimately associated with roots. These results indicate that the proliferation of the fungus is closely related to root senescence and that over‐wintered propagules play an important role in primary infections, affecting disease severity. The present study shows that the temporal dynamics of S. terrestris depend exclusively on the activity of infecting roots and provides circumstantial evidence on the deleterious impact of monoculture on crop production.
Insight into the cellular and physiological regulatory modulations of Class‐I TCP9 to enhance drought and salinity stress tolerance in cowpea
Authors: Mishra Sagarika , Sahu Gyanasri , Shaw Birendra Prasad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Teosinte branched 1/Cycloidea/Proliferating cell factor (TCP) transcription factors are potent growth and developmental regulators in plants, also responsive to various hormonal and environmental stimuli. In this study, we primarily focused on the functional role of TCP9, a nuclear‐localised Class‐I TCP transcription factor in a drought and heat‐tolerant legume crop, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Under drought stress, a higher protein expression level of TCP9 was observed in the leaves of the drought‐tolerant cowpea cultivar Pusa Komal as compared to the drought‐sensitive cultivar TVu‐7778. Further, overexpression of VuTCP9 resulted in reduced cell and stomata size, aperture length and width while cell and overall stomatal density in the 35S::VuTCP9 transgenic cowpea lines increased. Phenotypic alterations, such as reduced leaf size and vigour, altered seed coats displaying extension pattern similar to the ‘Watson pattern’ and delayed senescence were prominent in the transgenic lines. Under normal conditions, the gas exchange and fluorescence measurements indicated reduction in transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic efficiency (Φ PSII). However, water usage efficiency (WUE) remained unaltered in the transgenic lines as compared to the wild‐type (WT) plants. Furthermore, the transgenic lines displayed higher tolerance to oxidative, drought and salinity stress, maintained relatively higher relative water content and lower occurrence of H2O2, as compared to the WT plants. Genes related to the jasmonic acid biosynthesis, stomatal development and abiotic stress responsiveness, such as TTG1, NAC25, SPCH and GRP1, increased and LOX2 decreased significantly in the transgenic lines.
The cumulative effect of positive and negative feedback on emotional experience
Authors: Ming Xianchao , Lou Yixue , Zou Liye , Lei Yi , Li Hong , Li Yang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cumulative effect of positive or negative feedback on subsequent emotional experiences remains unclear. Elucidating this effect could help individuals to better understand and accept the change in emotional experience, irrespective of when they or others receive consecutive positive or negative feedback. This study aimed to examine this effect on 37 participants using self‐reported pleasantness and event‐related potential data as indicators. After completing each trial, the participants received predetermined false feedback; they were then assessed on a nine‐point pleasantness scale. There were 12 false feedback conditions categorized into three valence types. The positive type consisted of three consecutive positive feedbacks and a fourth medium feedback; the medium type contained four consecutive medium feedbacks; the negative type consisted of three consecutive negative feedbacks and a fourth medium feedback. We abbreviated medium false feedback after three positive, medium, and negative false feedbacks as 3 pm, 3 mm, and 3 nm, respectively. The results showed that the score of self‐reported pleasantness of 3mm was significantly lower than that of 3 pm and higher than that of 3 nm. The feedback‐related negativity amplitude of 3 pm was significantly greater than that of 3 mm and 3 nm, and the late‐positive potential amplitude of 3 nm was significantly greater than that of 3 pm and 3 mm. We found that individuals experienced medium feedback more positively and negatively after continuous positive and negative feedback, respectively. Our findings suggest that individuals should seek continuous positive feedback and avoid continuous negative feedback; this strategy may contribute to increased positive emotional experiences in the future.
It's Politics, Isn't It? Investigating Direct and Indirect Influences of Political Orientation on Risk Perception of COVID‐19
Authors: Ju Youngkee , You Myoungsoon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPublic response to the COVID‐19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to study risk perception in relation to political orientation. We tested a risk perception model of how political orientation influences risk perception of an emerging infectious disease and how it moderates other influences. Two nationwide online surveys in South Korea (N = 2,000) revealed that conservatives showed a higher risk perception regarding an emerging infectious disease, and political orientation can even moderate the influence of perceived risk characteristics on risk perception such as how a liberal orientation exhibited a greater outrage effect of perceived unfairness on COVID‐19 risk perception. Also, the frequency of media use is positively related to higher risk perception. The implications of the direct and moderating effects of political orientation are discussed in the context of the studies of political orientation as well as risk perception.
Introduction to the symposium: A reexamination of southern distinctiveness through the lens of firearm policy
Authors: LaPlant James T. , Morris John C. , Shields Todd G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis article reviews the extant literature on southern politics and gun/firearm ownership in the South as a precursor to three symposium papers.MethodsWe employ standard literature review techniques to synthesize two significant bodies of literature. The latter part of the article introduces the three papers in the symposium.ResultsWe find that the papers in this symposium share two common themes: continued southern distinctiveness, and the importance of the role of race in southern politics and policy‐making.ConclusionWe find support for a hypothesis that the South remains distinctive as a region in the policy arena of gun ownership/firearm policy.