bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraspinal muscle pathophysiology associated with low back pain and spine degenerative disorders
Authors: Noonan Alex M. , Brown Stephen H. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLow back pain disorders affect more than 80% of adults in their lifetime and are the leading cause of global disability. The muscles attaching to the spine (ie, paraspinal muscles) are critical for proper spine health and play a crucial role in the functioning of the spine and whole body; however, reports of muscle dysfunction and insufficiency in chronic LBP (CLBP) patients are common. This article presents a review of the current understanding of the relationship between paraspinal muscle pathophysiology and spine‐related disorders. Human literature demonstrates a clear association between altered muscle structure/function, most notably fatty infiltration and fibrosis, and low back pain disorders; other associations, including muscle cell atrophy and fiber type changes, are less clear. Animal literature then provides some mechanistic insight into the complex relationships, including initiating factors and time courses, between the spine and spine muscles under pathological conditions. It is apparent that spine pathology can directly lead to changes in the paraspinal muscle structure, function, and biology. It also appears that changes to the muscle structure and function can directly lead to changes in the spine (eg, deformity); however, this relationship is less well studied. Future work must focus on providing insight into possible mechanisms that regulate spine and paraspinal muscle health, as well as probing how muscle degeneration/dysfunction might be an initiating factor in the progression of spine pathology.
Strategies to circumvent the solvent strength mismatch problem in online comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography
Authors: Chapel Soraya , Heinisch Sabine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOn‐line comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography is a powerful technique for the separation of highly complex samples. Due to the addition of the second dimension of separation, impressive peak capacities can be obtained within a reasonable analysis time compared to one‐dimensional liquid chromatography. In online comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography, the separation power is maximized by selecting two separation dimensions as orthogonal as possible, which most often requires the combination of different mobile phases and stationary phases. The online transfer of a given solvent from the first dimension to the second dimension may cause severe injection effects in the second dimension, mostly due to solvent strength mismatch. Those injection effects may include peak broadening, peak distortion, peak splitting or breakthrough phenomenon. They are often found to reduce significantly the peak capacity and the peak intensity. To overcome such effects, arising specifically in online comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography, different methods have been developed over the years. In this review, we focused on the most recently reported ones. A critical discussion, supported by a theoretical approach, gives an overview of their advantages and drawbacks.
Early Everolimus‐Facilitated Reduced Tacrolimus in Liver Transplantation: Results From the Randomized HEPHAISTOS Trial
Authors: Nashan Björn , Schemmer Peter , Braun Felix , Schlitt Hans J. , Pascher Andreas , Klein Christian G. , Neumann Ulf P. , Kroeger Irena , Wimmer Peter ,   Hephaistos Study Group
Published: September 2021

Everolimus‐facilitated reduced‐exposure tacrolimus (EVR + rTAC) at 30 days after liver transplantation (LT) has shown advantages in renal preservation. This study evaluated the effects of early initiation of EVR + rTAC in de novo LT recipients (LTRs). In HEPHAISTOS (NCT01551212, EudraCT 2011‐003118‐17), a 12‐month, multicenter, controlled study, LTRs were randomly assigned at 7 to 21 days after LT to receive EVR + rTAC or standard‐exposure tacrolimus (sTAC) with steroids. The primary objective was to demonstrate superior renal function (assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) with EVR + rTAC versus sTAC at month 12 in the full analysis set (FAS). Other assessments at month 12 included the evaluation of renal function in compliance set and on‐treatment (OT) patients, efficacy (composite endpoint of graft loss, death, or treated biopsy‐proven acute rejection [tBPAR] and individual components) in FAS, and safety. In total, 333 patients (EVR + rTAC, 169; sTAC, 164) were included in the FAS. A high proportion of patients was nonadherent in maintaining tacrolimus trough levels (EVR + rTAC, 36.1%; sTAC, 34.7%). At month 12, the adjusted least square mean eGFR was numerically higher with EVR + rTAC versus sTAC (76.2 versus 72.1 mL/minute/1.73 m2, difference: 4.1 mL/minute/1.73 m2; P = 0.097). A significant difference of 8.3 mL/minute/1.73 m2 (P = 0.03) favoring EVR + rTAC was noted in the compliance set. Incidence of composite efficacy endpoint (7.7% versus 7.9%) and tBPAR (7.1% versus 5.5%) at month 12 as well as incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs were comparable between groups. A lower proportion of patients discontinued EVR + rTAC than sTAC treatment (27.2% versus 34.1%). Early use of everolimus in combination with rTAC showed comparable efficacy, safety, and well‐preserved renal function versus sTAC therapy at month 12. Of note, renal function was significantly enhanced in the compliance set.
PROVOKE: HOW TO LEAD WITH PURPOSE
Authors: Goldbach Steven , Tuff Geoff 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe authors contend that “the best leaders have the conviction to act. To just do something.” As they elaborate, “Action creates potential energy. Action allows you to position yourself to see the unfolding future sooner and more clearly than others. Action gives you the power to identify important trends and know if the key question is ‘if’ they will materialize or ‘when’ they will materialize to determine the right response.” Their work with CEOs led to a new book, Provoke: How Leaders Shape the Future By Overcoming Fatal Human Flaws, in which they “identify five moves to enable leaders to recognize patterns and broaden their peripheral vision to move forward with not just progress, but also purpose.” Those moves are Envision, Position, Drive, Adapt, and Activate. They describe three “Provocateurs,” who have used these principles at a high level: Deborah Bial, of the Posse Foundation, Ryan Gravel, creator of the BeltLine in Atlanta, and Valerie Irick Rainford, of Elloree Talent Strategies. The latter and Bial are examples of using the Activate principle, and Gravel used the principle of Envision. The authors conclude that “we genuinely believe that we will all live in a better world if you just go out and do something!”
Catalyst‐Free Vitrimer Cross‐Linked by Biomass‐Derived Compounds with Mechanical Robustness, Reprocessability, and Multishape Memory Effects
Authors: Huang Lingyun , Yang Yinxin , Niu Zhen , Wu Ruiyao , Fan Weifeng , Dai Quanquan , He Jianyun , Bai Chenxi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVitrimerization of thermoset polymers plays an important role in addressing resource recovery and reuse. Vitrimer elastomers with good mechanical properties often require well‐designed crosslinking agents or fillers, but this increases processing complexity or reduces vitrimer dynamic properties. In this report, a simple green strategy to build a strong vitrimer elastomer is designed. Commercially available epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) is cross‐linked with biomass‐derived D‐Fructose 1,6‐bisphosphoric acid to get a vitrimer elastomer cross‐linked by β‐hydroxy phosphate ester bonds and has abundant hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds can preferentially break and dissipate energy under external forces, which makes the sample robust. The topological network can be reformed at high temperatures through the dynamic exchange of β‐hydroxy phosphate ester bonds, which gives the material malleability and recyclability. In addition, through the strategy of combining reprocessing and welding, multiple shape memory effects can be achieved in one postprocessing step. Considering that a variety of commercially available epoxy polymers are easily available, it is believed that this strategy can be a simple and versatile way to enable commercial epoxy polymers to achieve green crosslinking through biomass crosslink agents, which results in robust and recyclable vitrimers based on β‐hydroxy phosphate bonds.
Simple Model for the Spreading of Inks in Bioprinting—Revealing Relevant Scaling Laws—Part I Theory
Authors: Schubert Dirk W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA model taking into consideration viscosity and evaporation is suggested to describe the spreading kinetics of struts in bioprinting. Scenarios resulting by complete and partial wetting are discussed and described. Applicable fit functions and predictive scaling laws are given, relating viscosity of bioinks, process parameters such as print speed and throughput to the strut width. The approach is primarily based on 1D spreading.
Industry Advances Shine at Display Week and in the New IDMS Release
Authors: Atwood Stephen P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOptical metrology always has been an important facet of information display research and development. Having tools to characterize the performance of any technology is an obvious requirement, but it's especially important in a field that bridges the boundary between human visual perception and the flow of information. Understanding how the images on a display are rendered and perceived is critical. The perception part is handled by an array of specialists in the visual sciences. The other part is addressed by dedicated researchers in the field of display measurement.
IDMS‐HDR: A Modern Guide to HDR Display Metrology
Authors: Friedrich Florian , Kunkel Timo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe International Committee for Display Metrology just released version 1.1 of the Information Display Measurements Standard containing a new high dynamic range (HDR) chapter and HDR tutorial. This article provides background for the new content and describes why these contributions are a must‐read for anyone interested in HDR.
A systematic review and meta‐analytic evaluation of psychosocial interventions in parents of children with cancer with an exploratory focus on minority outcomes
Authors: Eche Ijeoma Julie , Yusufov Miryam , Isibor Docia Akwaboah , Wolfe Joanne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractParents of children with cancer are prone to psychosocial distress, yet little is known about intervention response among diverse parents. Our systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the efficacy of psychosocial interventions on anxiety and depression among parents of children with cancer and explored race and/or ethnicity differences in the efficacy of these interventions. Twenty articles met inclusion. The aggregate effect size on anxiety (−0.01, 95% CI: −0.95, 0.93, p = .97) and depression (−0.56, 95% CI: −1.65, 0.54, p = .32) showed micro to medium effects, with larger negative effect sizes indicating that anxiety and depression scores after treatment were lower for parents in intervention group as compared to control group. Neither aggregate effect size was statistically significantly different from zero. Due to underrepresentation of minorities, we could not perform subgroup or moderator analyses. Several efficacious psychosocial interventions were found to reduce parental anxiety. Future studies to examine psychosocial interventions in minority parents are warranted.
CFTR gene mutation spectrum among 735 Iranian patients with cystic fibrosis: A comprehensive systematic review
Authors: Alibakhshi Reza , Mohammadi Aboozar , Khamooshian Sahand , Kazeminia Mohsen , Moradi Keivan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the spectrum and frequency of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations previously reported among Iranian cystic fibrosis (CF) patients have been reviewed and discussed. Using the keywords of Cystic Fibrosis, CF, CFTR, and Iran, along with their Persian equivalents, a comprehensive search was performed on the online databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles with an overall sample of 735 Iranian patients with CF, were included in this systematic review. A total of 101 different CFTR gene variants had been reported. The mutation of p.Phe508del (c.1521_1523delCTT) (21.22%) was the most frequent one among Iranian patients with CF. In conclusion, due to the fact that in many provinces of Iran no specific study has been done so far, it seems that the CFTR gene mutation spectrum in patients with CF from Iran is much wider.
Improvement in overall and cancer‐specific survival in contemporary, metastatic prostate cancer chemotherapy exposed patients
Authors: Hoeh Benedikt , Würnschimmel Christoph , Flammia Rocco S. , Horlemann Benedikt , Sorce Gabriele , Chierigo Francesco , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Graefen Markus , Gallucci Michele , Briganti Alberto , Terrone Carlo , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Tilki Derya , Kluth Luis A. , Mandel Philipp , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionOver the last decade, multiple clinical trials demonstrated improved survival after chemotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). However, real‐world data validating this effect within large‐scale epidemiological data sets are scarce. We addressed this void.Materials and MethodsMen with de novo mPCa were identified and systemic chemotherapy status was ascertained within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2016). Patients were divided between historical (2004–2013) versus contemporary (2014–2016). Chemotherapy rates were plotted over time. Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox regression models with additional multivariable adjustments addressed overall and cancer‐specific mortality. All tests were repeated in propensity‐matched analyses.ResultsOverall, 19,913 patients had de novo mPCa between 2004 and 2016. Of those, 1838 patients received chemotherapy. Of 1838 chemotherapy‐exposed patients, 903 were historical, whereas 905 were contemporary. Chemotherapy rates increased from 5% to 25% over time. Median overall survival was not reached in contemporary patients versus was 24 months in historical patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.55, p < 0.001). After propensity score matching and additional multivariable adjustment (age, prostate‐specific antigen, GGG, cT‐stage, cN‐stage, cM‐stage, and local treatment) a HR of 0.55 (p < 0.001) was recorded. Analyses were repeated for cancer‐specific mortality after adjustment for other cause mortality in competing risks regression models and recorded virtually the same findings before and after propensity score matching (HR: 0.55, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn mPCa patients, chemotherapy rates increased over time. A concomitant increase in survival was also recorded.
Electrochemical Preparation of ZnO/PEDOT‐Type Conducting Polymers Composites for Ultraviolet Photodetector
Authors: Helil Zulpikar , Jamal Ruxangul , Niyaz Mariyam , Sawut Nurbiye , Li Junxia , Liu Yajun , Ali Ahmat , Abdiryim Tursun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGenerally, the ultraviolet photodetector devices based on ZnO/PEDOT composites were fabricated by spin coating of PEDOT solutions on ZnO nanorods array, which needs the polymer disperesed in solvent. In this paper, an electrochemical deposition method was proposed for the prepparation of ZnO/PEDOT‐type conducting polymers composites for ultraviolet photodetector. The poly(3,4‐proplene‐dioxythiophene) (PProDOT) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy‐thiophene)(PEDOT) were selected as PEDOT‐type conducting polymers. The structure of composite materials was characterized by UV‐vis, XRD, Raman, SEM,EDS and XPS analysis. The effects of different polymers on the UV sensing ability of ZnO nanorods were studied. The structural results showed that the composites were successfully prepared by electrochemical deposition method indicating that the electrochecmial method was an effective way to prepraration of this type composites.The photoelectric performance test showed that the structure of the polymer chain affected the responsiveness of the materials, and the response time of ZnO/PProDOT was 14 s shorter than that of ZnO/PEDOT, and it displayed an excellent long‐term stability. After deposition of PProDOT, the UV responsivity of ZnO nanorods was increased from 2.5 A W−1 to 27.5 A W−1, and the external quantum efficiency and detectivity were significantly improved, implying that the PProDOT can be ideal candidate material for ultraviolet photodetector.
Real‐Time Detection of Fibrinogen via Imprinted Recognition Sites
Authors: Çimen Duygu , Üzek Recep , Günaydın Serdar , Denizli Adil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the fibrinogen imprinted surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was developed for the monitoring of fibrinogen levels in patient serum samples using a microcontact imprinting method. The fibrinogen imprinted and non‐imprinted polymeric films on the SPR chip surface were prepared by the microcontact imprinting approach and characterized by ellipsometer, contact angle measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The limit of detection and quantification values of the fibrinogen imprinted SPR biosensors in the linear range of 0.05–9.0 mg/mL were 0.00066 and 0.00219 mg/mL, respectively. In all kinetic analyzes, the response time was 11 min for equilibration, adsorption, and desorption cycles. The selectivity studies of SPR biosensors were performed in the presence of fibrinogen, myoglobin, hemoglobin, and immunoglobulin G in a competitive manner. For the validation studies of the fibrinogen imprinted SPR biosensor, the fibrinogen level of diluted patient serum samples was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The experimental results show that the serum samples of patients in high and low‐risk groups were identified with the recovery of about % 97–99 according to both SPR biosensor and ELISA analysis results.
Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Aza‐Mannich Addition of Oxazolones toN‐Boc Protected α‐Amido Sulfones Catalyzed by Bifunctional Thiourea‐modified Cinchona Alkaloid
Authors: Zhang Hui , Song Lihua , Yuan Weicheng , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA diastereo‐ and enantioselective aza‐Mannich addition of oxazolones to α‐amino sulfones catalyzed by tertiary amine‐1‐phenylethyl thiourea based on cinchona structure has been developed. The reaction afforded the azlactone adducts bearing quaternary and tertiary stereogenic centers with high yields (up to 98 %) and moderate to excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >99 : 1 dr and 96 % ee). The absolute configuration of a product was assigned by X‐ray crystal structural analyses and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
Nonplanar Helicene Benzo[4]Helicenium for the Precise Treatment of Renal cell Carcinoma
Authors: He Xiaozhen , Gan Fuwei , Zhou Yan , Zhang Yuanliang , Zhao Peipei , Zhao Bingru , Tang Qianyun , Ye Li , Bu Jun , Mei Junyang , Du Ling , Dai Huili , Qiu Huibin , Liu Peifeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImmune and targeted therapy are becoming the first‐line treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, therapeutic outcomes are limited due to the low efficiency and side effect. Here, it is found that helicenes are able to exhibit an anticancer capability through changing the molecular structure from planar to nonplanar. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity in vitro and cancer inhibition ability of nonplanar helicenes increase with its aromatic rings’ number. It is further demonstrated that benzo[4]helicenium shows the specific killing efficiency against the RCC cancer as compared to normal kidney cells. This is majorly originated from a more selective damage of benzo[4]helicenium for mitochondria and DNA in RCC cancer cells, not the normal kidney. The selective killing ability of benzo[4]helicenium makes it have potential to be used as a targeted drug for the precise treatment of RCC.
A Novel Strategy to Overcome the Hurdle for Commercial All‐Solid‐State Batteries via Low‐Cost Synthesis of Sulfide Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Kim Min‐Ju , Choi Ik‐Hyeon , Jo Seong Chan , Kim Byung Gon , Ha Yoon‐Cheol , Lee Sang‐Min , Kang Sung , Baeg Kang‐Jun , Park Jun‐Woo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnlike commercial lithium‐ion batteries, the high cost and low ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes (SEs) continues to be a big hurdle in commercially available all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). Rather than the conventional dry‐process and high‐energy ball milling processes, the productive solution synthesis of bulk‐type SEs is the most crucial issue in the successful application of high‐energy‐density ASSBs. In this study, the way is paved to overcome the hurdle for commercial lithium phosphorus sulfide chloride (LPSCl) SEs via a readily processable bulk‐type solution‐based synthesis without acquiring any high‐energy ball‐milling processes. By incorporating an elemental sulfur additive during the preparation process, Li2S and S form a polysulfide, and P2S5 is induced to react readily to provide LPSCl with excellent ion conductivity as high as 1.8 mS cm−1. Surprisingly, the purity of bulk type precursors does not affect the final composition and ionic conductivity of sulfide electrolytes, which show the same electrochemical characteristics of ASSB cells with a high discharge capacity of 185.6 mA h g−1. The study offers a promising strategy for saving the production cost of sulfide SEs, possibly up to 92%, and their commercial ASSBs are expected to be achieving a competitive cost per energy density of ≈0.46 $ W−1.
A Low‐Temperature Carbon Encapsulation Strategy for Stable and Poisoning‐Tolerant Electrocatalysts
Authors: Hu Yezhou , Zhang Jujia , Shen Tao , Lu Yun , Chen Ke , Tu Zhengkai , Lu Shanfu , Wang Deli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCarbon encapsulation is an effective strategy for enhancing the durability of Pt‐based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, high‐temperature treatment is not only energy‐intensive but also unavoidably leads to possible aggregation. Herein, a low‐temperature polymeric carbon encapsulation strategy (≈150 °C) is reported to encase Pt nanoparticles in thin and amorphous carbonaceous layers. Benefiting from the physical confinement effect and enhanced antioxidant property induced by the surface carbon species, significantly improved stabilities can be achieved for polymeric carbon species encapsulated Pt nanoparticles (Pt@C/C). Particularly, a better antipoisoning capability toward CO, SOx, and POx is observed in the case of Pt@C/C. To minimize the thickness of the catalyst layer and reduce the mass transfer resistance, the high mass loading Pt@C/C (40 wt%) is prepared and applied to high‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs). At 160 °C, a peak power density of 662 mW cm−2 is achieved with 40% Pt@C/C cathode in H2–O2 HT‐PEMFCs, which is superior to that with 40% Pt/C cathode. The facile strategy provides guidance for the synthesis of highly durable carbon encapsulated noble metal electrocatalysts toward ORR.