bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TNFi Cycling Versus Changing Mechanism of Action in TNFi‐Experienced Patients: Result of the Corrona CERTAIN Comparative Effectiveness Study
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Kremer Joel M. , Reed George , John Ani K. , Pappas Dimitrios A. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveComparative effectiveness research can inform treatment decisions regarding the choice of biologics for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) and non‐TNFis (nTNFis) in real‐world patients with RA and past TNFi experience.MethodsComparative Effectiveness Registry to study Therapies for Arthritis and Inflammatory Conditions (CERTAIN) was nested within the United States Corrona registry. Adult patients with RA with moderate to high disease activity (Clinical Disease Activity Index [CDAI] >10) with exposure to one or more prior TNFis who were switching to a new TNFi or nTNFi (choice of therapy per physician choice) were enrolled. The primary outcome was the achievement of low disease activity (LDA) at 12 months (CDAI ≤10; disease activity score in 28 joints based on C‐reactive protein [DAS28‐CRP] <2.67). Propensity score modeling probability of treatment with nTNFi versus TNFi adjusted for imbalanced factors. The response rate was modeled using mixed‐effect logistic regression models, adjusting for a priori and imbalanced baseline factors and accounting for the practice‐related treatment patterns.ResultsAfter applying inclusion criteria, 939 biologic initiations were analyzed, 505 (53.7%) nTNFis and 434 (46.3%) TNFis. Patients who started nTNFis were significantly more likely to have longer disease duration, more prior TNFi use, and higher patient fatigue scores and were more likely to have government insurance. At 12 months, 28% of nTNFi and 24% of TNFi initiators were in LDA by CDAI, and 22% of nTNFi and 19% of TNFi initiators were in LDA by DAS28‐CRP. After multivariable adjustment and controlling for the influence of site‐related confounding, there were no significant differences in the likelihood to reach LDA by CDAI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78‐1.62) or DAS28‐CRP (aOR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.77‐1.75).ConclusionIn this large, real‐world study enrolling patients with RA with prior TNFi exposure, switching to an nTNFi biologic was comparable in its clinical effectiveness with switching to another TNFi.
A Low‐Power CuSCN Hydrogen Sensor Operating Reversibly at Room Temperature
Authors: Kabitakis Viktoras , Gagaoudakis Emmanouil , Moschogiannaki Marilena , Kiriakidis George , Seitkhan Akmaral , Firdaus Yuliar , Faber Hendrik , Yengel Emre , Loganathan Kalaivanan , Deligeorgis George , Tsetseris Leonidas , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Binas Vassilios 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrogen is attractive as an abundant source for clean and renewable energy. However, due to its highly flammable nature in a range of concentrations, the need for reliable and sensitive sensor/monitoring technologies has become acute. Here a solid‐state hydrogen sensor based on solution‐processable p‐type semiconductor copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) is developed and studied. Sensors incorporating interdigitated electrodes made of noble metals (gold, platinum, palladium) show excellent response to hydrogen concentration down to 200 ppm while simultaneously being able to operate reversibly at room temperature and at low power. Sensors incorporating Pd electrodes show the highest signal response of 179% with a response time of ≈400 s upon exposure to 1000 ppm of hydrogen gas. The experimental findings are corroborated by density functional theory calculations, which highlight the role of atomic hydrogen species created upon interaction with the noble metal electrode as the origin for the increased p‐type conductivity of CuSCN during exposure. The work highlights CuSCN as a promising sensing element for low‐power, all‐solid‐state printed hydrogen sensors.
Sensing Intra‐ and Extra‐Cellular Ca2+ in the Islet of Langerhans
Authors: Huang Weikun , Wu Tongzhi , Xie Cong , Rayner Christopher K. , Priest Craig , Ebendorff‐Heidepriem Heike , Zhao Jiangbo (Tim) 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCalcium ions (Ca2+) take part in intra‐ and inter‐cellular signaling to mediate cellular functions. Sensing this ubiquitous messenger is instrumental in disentangling the specific functions of cellular sub‐compartments and/or intercellular communications. In this review, the authors first describe intra‐ and inter‐cellular Ca2+ signaling in relation to insulin secretion from the pancreatic islets, and then outline the development of diverse sensors, for example, chemically synthesized indicators, genetically encoded proteins, and ion‐selective microelectrodes, for intra‐ and extra‐cellular sensing of Ca2+. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging approaches in this field, such as low‐affinity Ca2+ indicators and unique Ca2+‐responsive composite materials. The authors conclude by remarking on the challenges and opportunities for further developments in this field, which may facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of Ca2+ signaling within and outside the islets, and its relevance in health and disease.
Alternating Current Electroluminescent Device Powered by Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Capacitively Driven Circuit Strategy
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhang Maoyuan , Yang Ze , Wang Hao , Chen Jiaqi , Wang Zhaozheng , Lu Yijia , Chen Yibao , Ji Linhong , Cheng Jia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices have the advantages of low power consumption, easy preparation, and good flexibility. However, a high‐voltage alternating current is usually demanded for driving devices, resulting in a strong dependence on an energy system with little wearing‐comfort and portability. Herein, a novel and feasible technology for lighting up ACEL via triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is proposed. The most significant innovation is the use of a capacitively driven circuit to significantly increase the output voltage of the generator, so as to get rid of the constraints of area, materials, environmental humidity, etc. Compared with direct connection of electroluminescent devices with TENG, the peak‐to‐peak voltage is 2.3 times that of the traditional method, and the transferred charges are increased to 3.4 times. This work realizes the self‐powered electroluminescent devices based on triboelectric nanogenerator with a compact composite structure, which not only is more effective but also has better flexibility and portability in the applications of soft robots, functional displays, smart skins, and wearable electronics. Besides, this capacitively driven circuit strategy is universal for those capacitive loads with demand for high voltage AC, which proposes a simple and practical approach to magnify the amplitudes of AC voltage and current from triboelectric nanogenerators.
Controlling Spin Orientation and Metamagnetic Transitions in Anisotropic van der Waals Antiferromagnet CrPS4 by Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Peng Yuxuan , Lin Zhongchong , Tian Guang , Yang Jie , Zhang Peijie , Wang Fanggui , Gu Pingfan , Liu Xingyu , Wang Chin‐Wei , Avdeev Maxim , Liu Fuyang , Zhou Dong , Han Rui , Shen Peng , Yang Wenyun , Liu Shunquan , Ye Yu , Yang Jinbo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractControlling the phases of matter is a central task in condensed matter physics and materials science. In 2D magnets, manipulating spin orientation is of great significance in the context of the Mermin–Wagner theorem. Herein, a systematic study of temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent magnetic properties up to 1 GPa in van der Waals CrPS4 is reported. Owing to the temperature‐dependent change of the magnetic anisotropy energy, the material undergoes a first‐order spin reorientation transition with magnetic moments realigning from being almost parallel with the c axis in the ac plane to the quasi‐1D chains of CrS6 octahedra along the b axis upon heating. The spin reorientation temperature is suppressed after applying pressure, shifting the high‐temperature phase to lower temperatures with the emergence of spin‐flop transitions under magnetic fields applied along the b axis. The saturation field increases with pressure, indicating the enhancement of interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling. However, the Néel temperature is slightly reduced, which is ascribed to the suppression of intralayer ferromagnetic coupling. The work demonstrates the control of spin orientation and metamagnetic transitions in layered antiferromagnets, which may provide new perspectives for exploring 2D magnetism and related spintronic devices.
FeP Modulated Adsorption with Hydrogen and Phosphate Species for Hydrogen Oxidation in High‐Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Du Shiqian , Li Yingying , Wu Xing , Huang Gen , Wu Yujie , Zhang Jujia , Zhang Jin , Lu Shanfu , Cheng Yi , Tao Li , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) play an important role in the future hydrogen application system. However, there are still many issues of HT‐PEMFCs, especially on performance and durability, to be solved. Massive platinum usage is one of the most intractable issues. Herein, iron phosphide to platinum‐based catalyst is introduced for the better activity of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). This catalyst shows a similar HOR performance with commercial catalyst while only one‐eighth noble metal is used in the anode of HT‐PEMFCs. The HT‐PEMFCs with Pt/FeP/C anode reach 465 mW cm−2 with a loading mass of 0.125 mgPt cm−2, and maintain long‐term stability. The excellent HOR activity and better fuel cell performance are attributed to the weakened absorption of hydrogen intermediate and concentrated phosphate species by that iron phosphide, leading to enhanced HOR activity and better fuel cell performance. This study provides new strategies for designing advanced HOR catalysts for HT‐PEMFCs.
Unraveling the Rate‐Dependent Stability of Metal Anodes and Its Implication in Designing Cycling Protocol
Authors: Hou Zhen , Gao Yao , Zhou Rui , Zhang Biao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is widely recognized that a high current rate (J) speeds up dendrite formation and thus shortens the cycle life of metal anodes. Here, an anomalous correlation is reported between elevated J and deposition/stripping stability (decrease–increase–decrease), leading to the relative maximum stability at a moderate J. Complementary theoretical and experimental analyses suggest that such a complex relationship lies in high J's dual and contradictory roles in kinetics and thermodynamics. The well‐known former renders decreased Sand's time (τ) and deteriorative cyclic stability, while the commonly overlooked latter provides larger extra energy that accelerates nucleation rate (νn). Using Zn metal anode as a model system, the νn and τ controlled nucleation‐growth process is unambiguously revealed, both of which are closely related to J. Based on these findings, an initial high J discharge strategy is developed to produce abundant nuclei for uniform metal growth at standard J in the subsequent process. The protocol increases the Zn deposition/stripping lifetime from 303 to 2500 h under a cycling capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 without resorting to electrode/electrolyte modification. Furthermore, such a concept can be readily extended to Li/K metal anodes with significantly enhanced cycle life, demonstrating its universality for developing high‐performance metal batteries.
Self‐Assembled Nanostructures of Quantum Dot/Conjugated Polymer Hybrids for Photonic Synaptic Transistors with Ultralow Energy Consumption and Zero‐Gate Bias
Authors: Ercan Ender , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Yang Wei‐Chen , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein, it is reported the influence of solution processing and treatments, such as adding marginal solvent, ultrasonication, and UV treatment, on the resulting perovskite (CsPbBr3) quantum dot (QD)/poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) composite nanofibril films (CNFs) to improve the charge dissociation and photonic synaptic performance. A photonic synaptic transistor with CNFs can perform fundamental functions, including short‐term plasticity, long‐term plasticity, spike‐number‐dependent, and spike‐time‐dependent plasticity, to mimic sensing, computing, and memory functions. Notably, a synaptic device with CNFs presents an ultralow energy consumption of 0.18 fJ and zero‐gate operation. The superior performance of synaptic devices with CNFs can be attributed to two factors: (i) homogeneous axial distribution of the QDs and (ii) the formation of P3HT nanofibrils and co‐aggregates. Therefore, enhanced interfacial charge transfer between QDs and P3HT, ensuring decent carrier transport capability, is achieved. Collectively, the composite artificial synapse successfully provides an effective guide that offers a new perspective for the fabrication of one‐dimensional self‐assembled nanostructure‐based artificial synapses emulating human‐like memory, neuromorphic computing, and artificial intelligent systems.
Grain Boundary Confinement of Silver Imidazole for Resistive Switching
Authors: Du Chunyu , Qu Zhiyang , Ren Yanyun , Zhai Yongbiao , Chen Jiangming , Gao Lili , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCurrent resistive access memories (RRAM) suffer from severe resistive switching variability issues due to the large stochasticity in the formation and disruption process of conductive filaments. Here, a material strategy is applied in designing an RRAM device that can substantially improve the switching uniformity by utilizing a silver imidazole complex as the switching medium. In the silver imidazole, Ag species has a moderate reduction Gibbs energy which can participate in the redox reaction to change the resistance state of the device. Moreover, as a resistive layer, the migration range of silver ions is limited in the grain of silver imidazole, which shortens the migration distance of silver ions and reduces the randomness caused by silver ion migration, thus improving the uniformity and stability of the device. Through this facile material engineering strategy, the RRAM exhibits enhanced performance with low spatial variation of 7.86%, low temporal variation of 1.78% and low operation voltage of 0.50 V. The high switching uniformity of silver imidazole RRAM allows us to employ them as building blocks for logic gates with high yield. The self‐reduction and grain boundary confinement effect of switching materials for RRAM design may open the way to the development of large‐scale circuits for non‐volatile computing and machine learning.
Engineered Nanoenzymes with Multifunctional Properties for Next‐Generation Biological and Environmental Applications
Authors: Mishra Puranjan , Lee Junsang , Kumar Deepak , Louro Ricardo O. , Costa Nazua , Pathania Deepak , Kumar Smita , Lee Jinwoo , Singh Lakhveer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs a powerful tool, nanoenzyme electrocatalyst broadens the ways to explore bioinspired solutions to the world's energy and environmental concerns. Efforts of fashioning novel nanoenzymes for effective electrode functionalization is generating innovative viable catalysts with high catalytic activity, low cost, high stability and versatility, and ease of production. High chemo‐selectivity and broad functional group tolerance of nanoenzyme with an intrinsic enzyme like activity make them an excellent environmental tool. The catalytic activities and kinetics of nanoenzymes that benefit the development of nanoenzyme‐based energy and environmental technologies by effectual electrode functionalization are discussed in this article. Further, a deep‐insight on recent developments in the state‐of‐art of nanoenzymes either in terms of electrocatalytic redox reactions (viz. oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction) or environmental remediation /treatment of wastewater/or monitoring of a variety of pollutants. The complex interdependence of the physicochemical properties and catalytic characteristics of nanoenzymes are discussed along with the exciting opportunities presented by nanomaterial‐based core structures adorned with nanoparticle active‐sites shell for enhanced catalytic processes. Thus, such modular architecture with multi‐enzymatic potential introduces an immense scope of making its economical scale‐up for multielectron‐fuel or product recovery and multi‐pollutant or pesticide remediation as reality.
The Voltage Loss in Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Origins and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Shurong , Zhu Weike , Cao Zhiyuan , Wang Aili , Hao Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExploring stable and efficient lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critical to solving the environmental concerns caused by lead. Recently, tin halide perovskites (THPs) have become a promising candidate due to its low toxicity and similar electronic configuration to lead counterparts. Currently, the power conversion efficiency of tin‐based PSCs (TPSCs) has been pushed over 14%. However, there is still a considerable gap compared to lead PSCs due to the non‐negligible open‐circuit voltage loss (Vloss). Therefore, understanding the origins and regulation strategies of Vloss for TPSCs is of great importance. Herein, the nature of THPs is first reviewed from the crystal structure, electronic structure, and phase transition. Subsequently, the origins and determinants of Vloss are discussed in TPSCs. Besides the intrinsic low bandgap, the bulk recombination of tin perovskite, and the non‐radiative recombination of the associated interfaces induce the Vloss of the TPSCs devices. Then, some recently emerged strategies to suppress the Vloss in TPSCs are introduced. Finally, a perspective on the further suppression of Vloss in TPSCs including purifying the precursor solution, suppressing the oxidation Sn2+, and optimizing the device structure is outlined.
Bioinspired Hierarchical Structures for Contact‐Sensible Adhesives
Authors: Hu Hong , Wang Duorui , Tian Hongmiao , Huang Qiyao , Wang Chunhui , Chen Xiaoliang , Gao Yuan , Li Xiangming , Chen Xiaoming , Zheng Zijian , Shao Jinyou 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBioinspired structural adhesives that are capable of bonding two objects together have recently found widespread applications in industrial fields, because of their promising reusability and environmental friendliness. However, such adhesives are usually monofunctional and cannot yield real‐time detection on the adhesion status, which is important for both biological systems (e.g., Gecko) and engineered mimics. This study reports a new hierarchical structure with the monolithic integration of adhesion and sensing functions, namely, contact‐sensible adhesive (CSA). The proposed CSA is composed of mushroom‐shaped microstructures on the top layer for providing strong adhesion, and a pillar array sandwiched by a pair of foil electrodes on the bottom layer as a compliant backing and a capacitive sensor. The CSA is not only sensitive to the external pressure, tension, and shear loads, but also shows enhanced adhesion on uneven surfaces, due to the high compliance of the hierarchical system. As a proof of concept, the as‐prepared CSA is applied as a contact interface in a gripper to complete the grasping task.
Microswimmers from Toposelective Nanoparticle Attachment
Authors: Bailey Maximilian R. , Grillo Fabio , Spencer Nicholas D. , Isa Lucio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroswimmers hold promise for applications ranging from targeted delivery to enhanced mixing at the microscale. However, current fabrication techniques suffer from limited throughput and material selection. Here, a versatile route enabling the synthesis of microswimmers from off‐the‐shelf micro‐ and nano‐particles is demonstrated. The protocol hinges on the toposelective attachment of photocatalytic nanoparticles onto microparticles, exploiting a multi‐functional polymer and a Pickering‐wax emulsification step, to yield large quantities of photo‐responsive active Janus particles. The polymer presents both silane and nitrocatechol groups, binding silica microspheres to a range of metal oxide nanoparticles. The Pickering‐wax emulsions protect part of the microspheres’ surface, enabling asymmetric functionalization, as required for self‐propulsion. The resulting photocatalytic microswimmers display a characteristic orientation‐dependent 3D active motion upon ultra‐violet illumination, different from that conventionally described in the literature. By connecting the extensive library of heterogeneous nanoparticle photocatalysts with the nascent field of active matter, this versatile material platform lays the groundwork toward designer microswimmers, which can swim by catalyzing a broad range of chemical reactions with potential for future applications.
Quasi‐2D Perovskite Thick Film for X‐Ray Detection with Low Detection Limit
Authors: He Xin , Xia Mengling , Wu Haodi , Du Xinyuan , Song Zihao , Zhao Shan , Chen Xu , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites have demonstrated excellent performance in converting X‐ray photons to electrical signals with high detectivity and sensitivity. Solution‐processed large‐area perovskite polycrystalline thick film is promising for scalable X‐ray flat panel detection imaging. However, ionic migration is severe due to the numerous grain boundaries and pinholes in the thick films, resulting in a large dark current and serious baseline drift. Herein, a new strategy is proposed to suppress the ion migration by inserting 2D Ruddlesden–Popper layer into the 3D perovskite film. The quasi‐2D perovskite thick films exhibit lower defects density, suppressed ion migration, and higher thermal stability compared to their 3D counterpart. Based on these advantages, the quasi‐2D perovskite‐based X‐ray detector shows a sensitivity of 10 860 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 with a stable dark current and photocurrent response. Impressively, the extra‐low detection limit of 69 nGyair s−1 is the lowest in all those reported polycrystalline film‐based detectors. The quasi‐2D film is believed to be a very promising choice for digital flat detectors for sensitive radiation detection and low‐dose dosimeter.
A Biomimetic Nonantibiotic Nanoplatform for Low‐Temperature Photothermal Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Wenjie Shi , Jinxia An , He Tan , Mengran Jia , Hui Gao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) remain a matter of concern, as the clinical use of multiple antibiotics induces antibiotic resistance in bacteria, resulting in the failure of treatments. Despite the emergence of anti‐adhesion strategies that can prevent the development of bacterial drug resistance, these strategies are mainly used for disease prevention rather than effective treatment. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as an efficient alternative for the elimination of bacteria. Nevertheless, high local temperatures related to PTT probably cause damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Herein, a biomimetic nonantibiotic nanoplatform for low‐temperature photothermal treatment of UTIs is developed. The nanoplatform comprises polydopamine (PDA) photothermal core and biphenyl mannoside (Man) shell with multivalent high‐affinity to UPEC. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows PDA‐Man possessed ultra‐strong targeting binding ability toward UPEC. It is the fact that this impulse UPEC to form a large bacterial cluster. Consequently, the high photothermal energy of the PDA‐Man appears predominantly in the affected bacterial area, while the overall environment remains at a low temperature. The fabricated nanoplatform shows excellent photothermal bactericidal effects, approximately 100% in a UTI model. Overall, this low‐temperature photothermal nanoplatform provides an appropriate strategy for the elimination of bacteria in clinical applications.