bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine versus insulin glargine (Lantus) in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes: A phase III, randomized, open‐label, controlled trial
Authors: Feng Wenhuan , Chen Wei , Jiang Shan , Du Liying , Zhu Dalong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine (LY IGlar) with insulin glargine (Lantus; IGlar) combined with oral antihyperglycaemic medications (OAMs) in insulin‐naive Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsIn this phase III, open‐label trial, adult patients with T2D receiving two or more OAMs at stable doses for 12 weeks or longer, with HbA1c of 7.0% or more and 11.0% or less, were randomized (2:1) to receive once‐daily LY IGlar or IGlar for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was non‐inferiority of LY IGlar to IGlar at a 0.4% margin, and a gated secondary endpoint tested non‐inferiority of IGlar to LY IGlar (−0.4% margin), assessed by least squares (LS) mean change in HbA1c from baseline to 24 weeks.ResultsPatients assigned to LY IGlar (n = 359) and IGlar (n = 177) achieved similar and significant reductions (p < .001) in HbA1c from baseline. LY IGlar was non‐inferior to IGlar for change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24 (−1.27% vs. −1.23%; LS mean difference: −0.05% [95% CI, −0.19% to 0.10%]) and IGlar was non‐inferior to LY IGlar. The study therefore showed equivalence of LY IGlar and IGlar for the primary endpoint. At week 24, there were no between‐group differences in the proportion of patients achieving an HbA1c of less than 7.0%, seven‐point self‐measured blood glucose, insulin dose or weight gain. Adverse events, allergic reactions, hypoglycaemia and insulin antibodies were similar in the two groups.ConclusionsOnce‐daily LY IGlar and IGlar, combined with OAMs, provide effective and similar glycaemic control with comparable safety profiles in insulin‐naive Chinese patients with T2D.
First report on the occurrence of Phytophthoraobscura on Acerpseudoplatanus in Slovakia
Authors: Tkaczyk Miłosz , Sikora Katarzyna , Kunca Andrej 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSycamore maple is a valuable admixture species in many European countries, including Slovakia. As most species belonging to the genus Acer, it is susceptible to several pathogenic organisms including species of Oomycetes. To determine whether the decline of Acer pseudoplatanus in Slovakia is caused by pathogenic Oomycetes, soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere in three sycamore maple stands. Isolation from leaf baits and subsequent identification based on sequencing of the ITS showed the presence of three species: Pythium intermedium, Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora obscura. This is the first report on the occurrence of P. plurivora and P. obscura in the rhizosphere of declining sycamore maple stands in Slovakia.
Podoplanin is required for tumor cell invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schwab Melanie , Lohr Sabrina , Schneider Jakob , Kaiser Michaela , Krunic Damir , Helbig Doris , Géraud Cyrill , Angel Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe invasiveness of late‐stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is associated with poor patients’ prognosis and linked to strong upregulation of the glycoprotein Podoplanin (PDPN) in cancer cells. However, the function of PDPN in these processes in cSCC carcinogenesis has not been characterized in detail yet. Employing a CRISPR/Cas9‐based loss‐of‐function approach on murine cSCC cells, we show that the loss of Pdpn results in decreased migration and invasion in vitro. Complementing these in vitro studies, labelled murine control and Pdpn knockout cells were injected orthotopically into the dermis of nude mice to recapitulate the formation of human cSCC displaying a well‐differentiated morphology with a PDPN‐positive reaction in fibroblasts in the tumor stroma. Smaller tumors were observed upon Pdpn loss, which is associated with reduced tumor cell infiltration into the stroma. Utilizing Pdpn mutants in functional experiments in vitro, we provide evidence that both the intra‐ and extracellular domains are essential for cancer cell invasion. These findings underline the critical role of PDPN in cSCC progression and highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting PDPN‐dependent cancer cell invasion, especially in late‐stage cSCC patients.
Urban cycles of human activity do not significantly alter the behaviour of a duetting bird
Authors: Diniz Pedro , Silva‐Jr Edvaldo F. , Macedo Regina H. 
Published: March 2021

The weekend effect hypothesis predicts that weekly cycles of human activity impact animal behaviour and physiology. This hypothesis has been supported in the context of recreational activity in natural environments but it is unknown whether it also applies to urban animals. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the sentinel (territorial vigilance), foraging and vocal behaviours of an urban‐dwelling bird, the Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus, between weekdays and weekends (and holidays) within a university campus in central Brazil. The level of human activity (noise, traffic and pedestrian flow) increases greatly on weekdays on this campus. We predicted that the birds would perceive a greater predation risk and would need to adjust their acoustic signals in response to anthropogenic noise on weekdays. Thus, we expected that the birds would spend more time as sentinels and less time foraging, and would sing for longer periods and at a higher pitch on weekdays than on weekends. We also expected weaker duet responsiveness (answering partner‐initiated song) on noisier weekdays than on weekends, assuming that noise would disrupt signal transmission between partners. We found that birds spent slightly more time (˜ 4%) in sentinel behaviour and less time (˜ 2–5%) foraging on weekdays than on weekends, but these effects were small and not statistically significant. Birds were equally likely to sing solos, start duets and answer partner‐initiated duets on weekends and weekdays. Finally, phrase duration and acoustic parameters of duets were similar on weekends and weekdays. Our results provide little support for the weekend effect hypothesis, suggesting that these urban‐dwelling birds may be habituated or indifferent to periodic variation in human activity levels.
Enhancement of the Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy corrosion resistance by applying CrN/CrAlN multilayer coating via Arc‐PVD method
Authors: Azizi‐Malekabadi Masoud , Bakhshi Hamed , Shahbazi Hossein , Nosrati Hassan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, the Ti‐6Al‐4V substrate was coated by CrN‐CrN/TiN‐TiN and CrN/CrAlN multilayer coatings using the cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (Arc‐PVD) method. The results of potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) have shown the lowest and highest corrosion current density belong to the double‐layer (0.16 µA/Cm2) and TiN (0.51 µA/Cm2) samples, indicating the higher corrosion resistance of the double‐layer coating. The field emission electron microscope (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction pattern (XRD), open circuit potential (OCP), PDP, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis were employed in order to characterize the coatings and evaluate their corrosion behavior. Finally, applying the double‐layer coating resulted in the significant improvement of the protective behavior of the Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy, as compared to the sample coated with TiN in corrosive environments.
Health behaviour outcomes of a family based intervention for paediatric obesity in primary care: A randomized type II hybrid effectiveness‐implementation trial
Authors: Smith Justin D. , Berkel Cady , Carroll Allison J. , Fu Emily , Grimm Kevin J. , Mauricio Anne M. , Rudo‐Stern Jenna , Winslow Emily , Dishion Thomas J. , Jordan Neil , Atkins David C. , Narayanan Shrikanth S. , Gallo Carlos , Bruening Meg M. , Wilson Charlton , Lokey Farah , Samaddar Kristen 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundPaediatric obesity is a multifaceted public health problem. Family based behavioural interventions are the recommended approach for the prevention of excess weight gain in children and adolescents, yet few have been tested under “real‐world” conditions.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of a family based intervention, delivered in coordination with paediatric primary care, on child and family health outcomes.MethodsA sample of 240 families with racially and ethnically diverse (86% non‐White) and predominantly low‐income children (49% female) ages 6 to 12 years (M = 9.5 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile for age and gender were identified in paediatric primary care. Participants were randomized to either the Family Check‐Up 4 Health (FCU4Health) program (N = 141) or usual care plus information (N = 99). FCU4Health, an assessment‐driven individually tailored intervention designed to preempt excess weight gain by improving parenting skills was delivered for 6 months in clinic, at home and in the community. Child BMI and body fat were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance scale and caregiver‐reported health behaviours (eg, diet, physical activity and family health routines) were obtained at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months.ResultsChange in child BMI and percent body fat did not differ by group assignment. Path analysis indicated significant group differences in child health behaviours at 12 months, mediated by improved family health routines at 6 months.ConclusionThe FCU4Health, delivered in coordination with paediatric primary care, significantly impacted child and family health behaviours that are associated with the development and maintenance of paediatric obesity. BMI did not significantly differ.
In situ defect quantification and phase identification during flash sintering using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Murray Shannon E. , Lv Guangxin , Sulekar Soumitra S. , Cahill David G. , Shoemaker Daniel P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlash sintering has been established as a method to rapidly densify or induce phase transformation in materials by applying an electric field. Understanding rapid transformations is challenging in a laboratory setting, where phase and defect populations may change with sub‐second time scales. In this work, we apply in situ Raman spectroscopy to investigate defect complexes and phase transformations during flash sintering. We demonstrate that the oxygen vacancy complexes in Ce0.85Gd0.15O1.925 and the evolving phases in a SrCO3 + V2O5 reaction can be probed with acquisition times sufficient to monitor stage II of flash sintering. We establish how thermal effects can be separated from effects of the electric field and determine the resolution of the defect concentration. The fast characterization we demonstrate here can be combined with well‐developed models of thermal and phase evolution to elucidate the mechanism of densification during flash sintering.
The ADaptive Ability Performance Test (ADAPT): A new instrument for measuring adaptive skills in people with intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning
Authors: Jonker Femke , Didden Robert , Goedhard Laurette , Korzilius Hubert , Nijman Henk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the DSM‐5, adaptive functioning has taken a prominent place in the classification of intellectual disability (ID). The ADAPT was developed to assess adaptive skills in individuals with ID.MethodA total of 2,081 ADAPTs from clients with suspected ID or borderline intellectual functioning and 129 ADAPTs from people from the general population (non‐ID) were collected, along with background characteristics.ResultsInternal consistency of the ADAPT was high (α = 0.98). ADAPT scores were positively associated with IQ, educational level and level of independent living. Furthermore, individuals without ID scored significantly higher than the clients onallof the 65 ADAPT items. Reference values were established for different IQ groups and living situations.ConclusionResults suggest that the ADAPT is a valid instrument for measuring adaptive skills in individuals with ID. The reference values may be used for the purpose of estimating the level of ID and the needed intensity of support.
Somatic interventions to improve self‐regulation in children and adolescents
Authors: Neal Allyson Matney 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTopicChildren and adolescents who are exposed to stress and trauma often experience, as a result, an inability to regulate their emotions. Self‐regulation is necessary to accurately respond to situations and ensure success in the academic setting. Self‐regulation skills have been identified as improving resiliency and mitigating the effects of trauma on children and adolescents.PurposeThe purpose of this review of the literature is to synthesize the available research on somatic interventions to improve self‐regulation in the child and adolescent population.Sources usedA scoping review of literature utilizing the Arksey and O'Malley framework was conducted by a university health science librarian from 2006 to 2018 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ERIC, and Web of Science to identify studies that examined somatic self‐regulation skills in children and adolescents. Search terms included were mindfulness, yoga, deep breathing exercises, and self‐regulation. The PRISMA methodology was utilized to synthesize the available research on somatic interventions to improve self‐regulation in the child and adolescent population.ConclusionSomatic interventions have been shown to improve self‐regulation in the child and adolescent population. Future research is needed to identify dose‐specific interventions and opportunities to improve self‐regulation for children and adolescents.
Minimal fluoroscopy approach for right‐sided supraventricular tachycardia ablation with a novel ablation technology: Insights from the multicenter CHARISMA clinical registry
Authors: Cauti Filippo M. , Rossi Pietro , La Greca Carmelo , Piro Agostino , Di Belardino Natale , Battaglia Alberto , Ferraris Federico , Pecora Domenico , Lavalle Carlo , Scalone Antonio , Rossi Luca , Di Cori Andrea , Solimene Francesco , Mantovan Roberto , Pedretti Stefano , Iaia Luigi , Bianchi Stefano , Anselmino Matteo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNo data exist on the ability of the novel Rhythmia 3‐D mapping system to minimize fluoroscopy exposure during transcatheter ablation of arrhythmias. We report data on the feasibility and safety of a minimal fluoroscopic approach using this system in supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) procedures.MethodsConsecutive patients were enrolled in the CHARISMA registry at 12 centers. All right‐sided procedures performed with the Rhythmia mapping system were analyzed. The acquired electroanatomic information was used to reconstruct 3‐D cardiac geometry; fluoroscopic confirmation was used whenever deemed necessary.ResultsThree hundred twenty‐five patients (mean age = 56 ± 17 years, 57% male) were included: 152 atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, 116 atrial flutter, 41 and 16 right‐sided accessory pathway and atrial tachycardia, respectively. Overall, 27 481 s of fluoroscopy were used (84.6 ± 224 s per procedure, equivalent effective dose = 1.1 ± 3.7 mSv per patient). One hundred ninety‐two procedures (59.1%) were completed without the use of fluoroscopy (zero fluoroscopy, ZF). In multivariate analysis, the presence of a fellow in training (OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05–0.46; p = .0008), radiofrequency application (0.99, 0.99–1.00; p = .0002), and mapping times (0.99, 0.99–1.00; p = .042) were all inversely associated with ZF approach. Acute procedural success was achieved in 97.8% of the cases (98.4 vs. 97% in the ZF vs. non‐ZF group; p = .4503). During a mean of 290.7 ± 169.6 days follow‐up, no major adverse events were reported, and recurrence of the primary arrhythmia was 2.5% (2.1 vs. 3% in the ZF vs. non‐ZF group; p = .7206).ConclusionsThe Rhythmia mapping system permits transcatheter ablation of right‐sided SVT with minimal fluoroscopy exposure. Even more, in most cases, the system enables a ZF approach, without affecting safety and efficacy.
MicroRNA‐302c‐3p inhibits endothelial cell pyroptosis via directly targeting NOD‐, LRR‐ and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 in atherosclerosis
Authors: Bai Baochen , Yang Yanyan , Ji Shengxiang , Wang Shizhong , Peng Xingang , Tian Chao , Sun Rui‐Cong , Yu Tao , Chu Xian‐ming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInflammation and endothelial dysfunction are important participants and drivers in atherosclerosis. NOD‐, LRR‐ and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and the resulting pyroptosis are involved in the initiation and vicious circle of chronic inflammation, thus playing an indispensable role in atherosclerosis. Accordingly, blocking the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising treatment strategy to blunt the progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, it was demonstrated that miR‐302c‐3p exerted anti‐pyroptosis effects by directly targeting NLRP3 in vivo and in vitro. In brief, the expression of miR‐302c‐3p was down‐regulated whereas the expression of NLRP3 was up‐regulated in human plaques and in vitro pyroptosis model of endothelial cells. Overexpression of miR‐302c‐3p suppressed endothelial cell pyroptosis by targeting specific sites of NLRP3. By comparison, down‐regulation of endogenous miR‐302c‐3p led to the opposite results, which were reversed by silencing the expression of NLRP3. Finally, the up‐regulation of miR‐302c‐3p inhibited the inflammation and pyroptosis of atherosclerosis mouse model. In conclusion, miR‐302c‐3p may be a powerful and attractive target for suppressing endothelial inflammation and pyroptosis, providing a novel strategy for preventing or alleviating the progression of atherosclerosis.
Symptom trajectories in the first 18 months and autism risk in a prospective high‐risk cohort
Authors: Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Brian Jessica , Smith Isabel M. , Sacrey Lori‐Ann R. , Franchini Martina , Bryson Susan E. , Vaillancourt Tracy , Armstrong Vickie , Duku Eric , Szatmari Peter , Roberts Wendy , Roncadin Caroline 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAlthough early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) detection strategies tend to focus on differences at a point in time, behavioral symptom trajectories may also be informative.MethodsDevelopmental trajectories of early signs of ASD were examined in younger siblings of children diagnosed with ASD (n = 499) and infants with no family history of ASD (n = 177). Participants were assessed using the Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI) from 6 to 18 months. Diagnostic outcomes were determined at age 3 years blind to previous assessments.ResultsSemiparametric group‐based modeling using AOSI scores identified three distinct trajectories: Group 1 (‘Low’, n = 435, 64.3%) was characterized by a low level and stable evolution of ASD signs, group 2 (‘Intermediate’, n = 180, 26.6%) had intermediate and stable levels, and group 3 (‘Inclining’, n = 61, 9.3%) had higher and progressively elevated levels of ASD signs. Among younger siblings, ASD rates at age 3 varied by trajectory of early signs and were highest in the Inclining group, membership in which was highly specific (94.5%) but poorly sensitive (28.5%) to ASD. Children with ASD assigned to the inclining trajectory had more severe symptoms at age 3, but developmental and adaptive functioning did not differ by trajectory membership.ConclusionsThese prospective data emphasize variable early‐onset patterns and the importance of a multipronged approach to early surveillance and screening for ASD.
Acclimation effect on fish behavioural characteristics: determination of appropriate acclimation period for different species
Authors: Makaras Tomas , Stankevičiūtė Milda , Šidagytė‐Copilas Eglė , Virbickas Tomas , Razumienė Julija 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the authors investigated the effect of acclimation duration (up to 4 h) on behavioural characteristics of taxonomically and functionally different fish species, i.e., the migratory rheophilic salmonids rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and the non‐migratory eurytopic European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Specifically, the authors explored fish behavioural patterns based on specific endpoints (average, maximum and angular velocity) during the acclimation period, and determined the acclimation period suitable for the tested fish species. The performed behavioural data analysis showed that the minimum time needed to adjust fish activity to a more stable (baseline) level should be at least 2 h for O. mykiss and S. salar and 1 h for G. aculeatus. Nonetheless, P. fluviatilis behaviour did not show significant changes during the 4 h acclimation. The results of this study revealed that the effect of the acclimation duration on such rheophilic species as O. mykiss and S. salar was greater than that on the eurytopic species P. fluviatilis and G. aculeatus, indicating that acclimation period is important in managing fish stress before behavioural observations. For all species, the highest variability was found in the endpoint of maximum velocity, and the lowest in that of angular velocity. This study showed that before starting actual toxicity testing experiments, it is important to determine an appropriate, species‐specific acclimation period.
Comparison of outcomes of cyclosporine A and infliximab for steroid‐refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Song Eun Mi , Oh Eun Hye , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Ye Byong Duk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimData comparing the outcomes of cyclosporin A (CsA) and infliximab (IFX) as rescue therapy for steroid‐refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis (SR‐ASUC) among Asians are scarce.MethodsIn this single‐center study, we retrospectively reviewed 121 patients with SR‐ASUC according to the Truelove and Witts' criteria who received CsA or IFX as rescue therapy between 1995 and 2015. The cumulative rates of treatment failure and colectomy at 3 months were compared. Treatment failure was defined as colectomy, switch to other medications, acute flare‐up events requiring steroid treatment, or adverse events leading to drug interruption.ResultsAmong 121 patients with SR‐ASUC (male, 55.6%; median disease duration, 47.1 months; extensive colitis, 61.2%), 23 received CsA as rescue therapy. Baseline characteristics (e.g. age at diagnosis, sex, disease duration, disease extent at rescue therapy, and Mayo score at treatment initiation) were comparable between the two groups. During follow‐up (median, 45 months; interquartile range 29.3–61.8), 84 patients (69.4%) experienced treatment failure, and 25 patients (20.7%) underwent colectomy. The CsA group and the IFX group did not show significant differences in the cumulative rates of treatment failure (39.1% vs 34.7%, P = 0.714) and colectomy (26.1% vs 13.3%, P = 0.198) at 3 months. Previous use of azathioprine (odds ratio [OR] = 2.309, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.076–4.951, P = 0.032) was associated with treatment failure at 3 months. Mayo score > 10 at the time of rescue therapy was significantly associated with colectomy at 3 months (OR = 8.444, 95% CI = 2.592–27.506, P < 0.001).ConclusionAmong Korean patients with SR‐ASUC, the rates of treatment failure and colectomy at 3 months were not significantly different between the CSA and the IFX treatment groups.