bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Understanding and Outcomes in Congenital Hand Differences
Authors: Baek Goo Hyun , Kim Jihyeung 
Published: October 2021

Summary:
It is very important for us, the surgeons, to understand the difficulties of parents who have a baby with a congenital hand difference, not only because the parents are the decision makers for the operation but also because they need consolation and care to overcome their distress. The psychological and physical developmental milestones of the child with a congenital hand difference should be considered to achieve a satisfactory surgical outcome from the viewpoint of both the surgeon and the child. Even experts in congenital hand differences may have difficulties in decision-making with regard to certain entities because of the clinical diversity and rarity. Communication among surgeons who are interested in congenital hand differences, through social networking services or other communication tools, is very helpful and effective for the exchange of knowledge and experiences. Although the final decision should be made by the surgeon, many questions and answers from friends and colleagues will lead to better decisions.
Identifying opportunities for improving the organ supply through race-stratified data
Authors: Goldberg David , Chyou Darius , Doby Brianna , Lynch Raymond 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrgan procurement in the US has received attention from government officials and policymakers the last two years, culminating in CMS releasing an updated Final Rule related to organ donation this year. This regulatory change revises how organ procurement organizations (OPOs), the federal contractors tasked with managing deceased donation, are evaluated and certified/de-certified. We used 2019 data and the CMS methodology to calculate race-stratified donation data among racial/ethnic minorities across the 57 OPOs. We found that the variability in donation rates across the 57 OPOs are greater among minority populations than non-Hispanic white potential donors. Among Tier 3 OPOs, there are: a) some with low donation rates across all racial/ethnic groups; b) some with low donation rates among only certain groups, and c) some where donation rates are lowest among non-Hispanic white patients. Among low-performing OPOs, these race/ethnicity-stratified data show that under-performance in certain areas is not due to the population demographics, and identifies areas for targeted interventions to increase donation and avoid decertification
Numerical study on slip flow using the discrete unified gas-kinetic scheme
Authors: Guo Wenqiang , Hou Guoxiang , Guan Yin , Liu Senyun 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the mechanism of the slip phenomenon at macro/micro scales, and analyze the effect of slip on fluid flow and heat transfer, to reduce drag and enhance heat transfer.Design/methodology/approachThe improved tangential momentum accommodation coefficient scheme incorporated with Navier’s slip model is introduced to the discrete unified gas kinetic scheme as a slip boundary condition. Numerical tests are simulated using the D2Q9 model with a code written in C++.FindingsVelocity contour with slip at high Re is similar to that without slip at low Re. For flow around a square cylinder, the drag is reduced effectively and the vortex shedding frequency is reduced. For flow around a delta wing, drag is reduced and lift is increased significantly. For Cu/water nanofluid in a channel with surface mounted blocks, drag can be reduced greatly by slip and the highest value of drag reduction (DR) (67.63%) can be obtained. The highest value of the increase in averaged Nu (11.78%) is obtained by slip at Re = 40 with volume fraction φ=0.01, which shows that super-hydrophobic surface can enhance heat transfer by slip.Originality/valueThe present study introduces and proposes an effective and superior method for the numerical simulation of fluid/nanofluid slip flow, which has active guidance meaning and applied value to the engineering practice of DR, heat transfer, flow control and performance improvement.
Evolution of user navigation behavior for online news
Authors: Husin Husna Sarirah , Thom James , Zhang Xiuzhen 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of the study is to use web serer logs in analyzing the changes of user behavior in reading online news, in terms of desktop and mobile users. Advances in mobile technology and social media have paved the way for online news consumption to evolve. There is an absence of research into the changes of user behavior in terms of desktop versus mobile users, particularly by analyzing the server logs.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors investigate the evolution of user behavior using logs from the Malaysian newspaper Berita Harian Online in April 2012 and April 2017. Web usage mining techniques were used for pre-processing the logs and identifying user sessions. A Markov model is used to analyze navigation flows, and association rule mining is used to analyze user behavior within sessions.

Findings
It was found that page accesses have increased tremendously, particularly from Android phones, and about half of the requests in 2017 are referred from Facebook. Navigation flow between the main page, articles and section pages has changed from 2012 to 2017; while most users started navigation with the main page in 2012, readers often started with an article in 2017. Based on association rules, National and Sports are the most frequent section pages in 2012 and 2017 for desktop and mobile. However, based on the lift and conviction, these two sections are not read together in the same session as frequently as might be expected. Other less popular items have higher probability of being read together in a session.

Research limitations/implications
The localized data set is from Berita Harian Online; although unique to this particular newspaper, the findings and the methodology for investigating user behavior can be applied to other online news. On another note, the data set could be extended to be more than a month. Although initially data for the year 2012 was collected, unfortunately only the data for April 2012 is complete. Other months have missing days. Therefore, to make an impartial comparison for the evolution of user behavior in five years, the Web server logs for April 2017 were used.

Originality/value
The user behavior in 2012 and 2017 was compared using association rules and Markov flow. Different from existing studies analyzing online newspaper Web server logs, this paper uniquely investigates changes in user behavior as a result of mobile phones becoming a mainstream technology for accessing the Web.
Online programming system for robotic fillet welding in Industry 4.0
Authors: Diaz-Cano Ignacio , Quintana Fernando M. , Lopez-Fuster Miguel , Badesa Francisco-Javier , Galindo Pedro L. , Morgado-Estevez Arturo 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Fillet welding is one of the most widespread types of welding in the industry, which is still carried out manually or automated by contact. This paper aims to describe an online programming system for noncontact fillet welding robots with “U”- and “L”-shaped structures, which responds to the needs of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors propose an online robot programming methodology that eliminates unnecessary steps traditionally performed in robotic welding, so that the operator only performs three steps to complete the welding task. First, choose the piece to weld. Then, enter the welding parameters. Finally, it sends the automatically generated program to the robot.

Findings
The system finally managed to perform the fillet welding task with the proposed method in a more efficient preparation time than the compared methods. For this, a reduced number of components was used compared to other systems: a structured light 3 D camera, two computers and a concentrator, in addition to the six-axis industrial robotic arm. The operating complexity of the system has been reduced as much as possible.

Practical implications
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no scientific or commercial evidence of an online robot programming system capable of performing a fillet welding process, simplifying the process so that it is completely transparent for the operator and framed in the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Its commercial potential lies mainly in its simple and low-cost implementation in a flexible system capable of adapting to any industrial fillet welding job and to any support that can accommodate it.

Originality/value
In this study, a robotic robust system is achieved, aligned to Industry 4.0, with a friendly, intuitive and simple interface for an operator who does not need to have knowledge of industrial robotics, allowing him to perform a fillet welding saving time and increasing productivity.
Warming alters juvenile carp effects on macrophytes resulting in a shift to turbid conditions in freshwater mesocosms
Authors: Zhang Peiyu , Zhang Huan , Wang Huan , Hilt Sabine , Li Chao , Yu Chen , Zhang Min , Xu Jun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Multiple stressors such as climate change and eutrophication are responsible for the global decline in macrophytes in lakes. The loss of this key component can result in turbid conditions and a loss of important ecosystem functions and services, particularly in shallow lakes. Benthivorous fish, which can increase in abundance during eutrophication, can adversely affect macrophytes through physical disturbance, cascading effects on turbidity, suspended and attached algae (phytoplankton and periphyton) and direct consumption. However, whether warming amplifies their effects on macrophytes and can trigger regime shifts remains unexplored.

Here, we tested the single and combined effects of warmer water (+4.5°C) and the widespread benthivorous juvenile common carp Cyprinus carpio on two different types of aquatic macrophytes in 24 mesocosms (2,500 L each). We monitored phytoplankton, periphyton, turbidity and the abundance of the submerged curly leafed pondweed Potamogeton crispus and the floating‐leaved water chestnut Trapa bispinosa during their growing season. These species dominated successively in spring and summer.

Warming alone advanced the growing season of P. crispus by 17 days. Juvenile carp decreased the abundance of the more palatable P. crispus, but promoted the abundance of T. bispinosa, supporting an ecosystem shift to a dominance of floating‐leaved macrophytes. Fish also substantially increased water turbidity and the biomass of phytoplankton and periphyton. Warming amplified juvenile carp effects on turbidity and submerged macrophytes, but also decreased the abundance of floating‐leaved macrophytes leading to an overall macrophyte decline and increase in water turbidity.

Synthesis and applications. Our study provides the first experimental evidence for a warming‐induced regime shift from clear‐water conditions dominated by submerged or floating/floating‐leaved macrophytes to a turbid state in shallow aquatic ecosystems. The regime shift was triggered by the impacts of warming on benthivorous fish (juvenile common carp) rather than on macrophytes. Lowering nutrient loading and other measures to reduce the abundance of benthivorous fish (e.g. fish removal and piscivorous fish restocking) thus may become increasingly important for the management of shallow lakes under global climate change.
A comparative study and characterization of Azadirachta indica mediated nano‐insecticide and ethanolic extract against mosquito vectors – Arabian and Indian strains
Authors: Aziz Al Thabiani 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVector borne disease are found all over the world, this becomes a major economic and social problem in developing and developed countries. Chemical insecticides have quieted their action by developed resistance, environment contaminations, non‐target effects on beneficial insects etc. Ethanolic extracted Azadirachta indica has shown virtuous mortality against Indian strains Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Arabian strains Cx. pipiens, Ae. aegypti. The green synthesized AgNPs insecticide developed from Az. indica which was characterized through UV, TEM, EDX, XRD showed notable larvicidal and adulticidal activity at lower concentrations when compared with ethanolic extract. The lethal concentration LC50 and LC90 of larvae by nano‐insecticide was 30.8, 63.01 μg/mL, (An. stephensi), 33.5, 71.5 μg/mL (Ae. aegypti), 39, 81.4 μg/mL (Cx. quinquefasciatus) against Indian strains and 62.5, 100.8 μg/mL (Ae. aegypti), 61.2, 92.04 μg/mL (Cx. pipiens). The adulticidal activity of AgNPs for LC50 and LC90 against Arabian strain was 20.1, 92.0 μg/mL against Ae. aegypti, 367.8, 1521.7 μg/mL against Cx. pipiens. The larvicidal and aduticidal activity of AgNPs developed from Az. indica was superior to crude ethanolic leaf extract. Thus AgNPs are a promising potential larvicidal, adulticidal insecticide against Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. pipiens, Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi.
Characterizing individual tree‐level snags using airborne lidar‐derived forest canopy gaps within closed‐canopy conifer forests
Authors: Stitt Jessica M. , Hudak Andrew T. , Silva Carlos A. , Vierling Lee A. , Vierling Kerri T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Airborne lidar is often used to calculate forest metrics about trees, but it may also provide a wealth of information about the space between trees. Forest canopy gaps are defined by the absence of vegetative structure and serve important roles for wildlife, such as facilitating animal movement. Forest canopy gaps also occur around snags, keystone structures that provide important substrates to wildlife species for breeding, roosting and foraging.

We wanted to test a method for quantifying canopy gaps around individual snags and live trees, with the working hypothesis that snags would have more gaps surrounding them overall than live trees. We evaluated canopy gaps around individual snags (n = 270) and live trees (n = 2,186) and evaluated correlations between canopy structure and snag occurrence in dense conifer stands of the Idaho Panhandle National Forest, United States. We paired airborne lidar with ground reference data collected at fixed‐radius plots (n = 53) to evaluate local gap structure. The r package ForestGapR was used to quantify canopy gaps throughout the canopy to determine where the differences were greatest. A canopy space profile was created for each tree by mapping gaps (a) vertically every 2 m in height (2–50 m above‐ground), and (b) horizontally across small (16 m2), medium (36 m2) and large (64 m2) footprint sizes.

Our results suggest that this method is robust for quantifying canopy gaps around individual trees. The canopy space profiles were distinctly different for snags and live trees, with more canopy gaps within the area surrounding snags relative to live trees. The greatest differences occurred at mid‐canopy heights (~20 m above‐ground) and at the smallest footprint size (16 m2).

These results show potential to improve the understanding of gap dynamics in closed‐canopy conifer forests, and we suggest that snag modelling could be improved by incorporating lidar‐derived canopy gap analyses alongside existing methodologies.
Causality in structural vector autoregressions: Science or sorcery?
Authors: Ghanem Dalia , Smith Aaron 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) as a method for estimating dynamic causal effects in agricultural and resource economics. We have a pedagogical purpose; we aim the presentation at economists trained primarily in microeconometrics. The SVAR is a model of a system, whereas a reduced‐form microeconometric study aims to estimate the causal effect of one variable on another. The system approach produces estimates of a complete set of causal relationships among the variables, but it requires strong assumptions to do so. We explain these assumptions and describe similarities and differences with the classical instrumental variables (IV) model. We demonstrate that the population analogue of the Wald IV estimator for a particular causal effect is identical to the ratio of two impulse responses from an SVAR. We further demonstrate that incorrect identification assumptions about some components of the SVAR do not necessarily invalidate the estimated causal effects of other components. We present an SVAR analysis of global supply and demand for agricultural commodities, which was previously examined using IV. We illustrate the additional economic insights that the SVAR reveals, and we articulate the additional assumptions upon which those insights rest.
Contact allergy to haptens in the Swedish baseline series: Results from the Swedish Patch Test Register (2010 to 2017)
Authors: Andernord Daniel , Bruze Magnus , Bryngelsson Ing‐Liss , Bråred Christensson Johanna , Glas Bo , Hagvall Lina , Isaksson Marléne , Matura Mihály , Nyman Gunnar , Stenberg Berndt , Svedman Cecilia , Lindberg Magnus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis has considerable public health impact and causative haptens vary over time.ObjectivesTo report the prevalence of contact allergy to allergens in the Swedish baseline series 2010 to 2017, as registered in the Swedish Patch Test Register.MethodsResults and demographic information for patients tested with the Swedish baseline series in 2010 to 2017 were analysed.ResultsData for 21 663 individuals (females 69%) were included. Females had significantly more positive patch tests (54% vs 40%). The reaction prevalence rates were highest for nickel sulfate (20.7%), fragrance mix I (7.1%), Myroxylon pereirae (6.9%), potassium dichromate (6.9%), cobalt chloride (6.8%), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI; 6.4%), MI (3.7%), colophonium (3.5%), fragrance mix II (3.2%), and formaldehyde (3.2%). Myroxylon pereirae reaction prevalence increased from 5% in 2010 to 9% in 2017 and that for methyldibromo glutaronitrile from 3.1% to 4.6%. MCI/MI and MI reactions decreased in prevalence after 2014. Nickel reaction prevalence decreased among females aged 10 to 19 years.ConclusionsNickel remains the most common sensitizing agent, with reaction prevalence decreasing among females younger than 20 years. The changes in MCI/MI and MI reaction prevalence mirrored those in Europe. The register can reveal changes in contact allergy prevalence over time among patients patch tested in Sweden.
Apocalypse now, apocalypse when? Economic growth and structural breaks in Argentina (1886–2003)
Authors: Campos Nauro F. , Karanasos Menelaos G. , Karoglou Michail , Koutroumpis Panagiotis , Zopounidis Constantin , Christopoulos Apostolos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArgentina is the only country in the world that was developed in 1900 and developing in 2000. Although there is widespread consensus on the occurrence and uniqueness of this decline, an intense debate remains on its timing and underlying causes. This paper provides a first systematic investigation of the timing of the Argentine debacle. It uses an array of econometric tests for structural breaks and a range of GDP growth series covering 1886–2003. The main conclusion is the dating of two key structural breaks (in 1918 and 1948), which we argue support explanations for the debacle that highlight the slowdown of domestic financial development and trade protectionism (after 1918) and of institutional development (after 1948).
High residual inflammation despite HIV viral suppression: Lessons learned from real‐time adherence monitoring among people with HIV in Africa
Authors: Castillo‐Mancilla Jose R. , Musinguzi Nicholas , Asiimwe Stephen , Siedner Mark J. , Orrell Catherine , Bangsberg David R. , Haberer Jessica E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLower antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is associated with higher systemic inflammation in virally suppressed people with HIV (PWH); however, previous studies have mostly relied on subjective adherence measures and have not assessed this association by disease stage upon ART initiation.MethodsIn the Monitoring Early Treatment Adherence study, adherence was monitored electronically in real time among adult, treatment‐naïve PWH in Uganda and South Africa who initiated tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/efavirenz during early‐stage (CD4 > 350 cells/µL) or late‐stage (CD4 < 200 cells/µL) disease. Participants who achieved viral suppression (< 400 copies/mL) at 6 months and remained suppressed after 12 months were analysed. The association between average ART adherence and plasma concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL‐6), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and D‐dimer was evaluated using adjusted multivariable linear regression, stratified by disease stage.ResultsIn all, 488 PWH (61% women, mean age 35 years) were included in the analysis. Median ART adherence overall was 87%. In adjusted models, every 10% increase in average adherence was associated with a 3.0% decrease in IL‐6 [95% confidence interval (CI): −5.9 to −0.01, p = 0.05] at 12 months. This relationship was observed in PWH with both early‐stage (5.9%, 95% CI: −10.1 to −1.6, p = 0.009) and late‐stage disease (3.7%, 95% CI: −7.2 to −0.2, p = 0.039). No significant associations were found with sCD14 or D‐dimer.ConclusionsObjective ART adherence measurement was inversely associated with systemic inflammation in PWH who achieved viral suppression after ART initiation in sub‐Saharan Africa, with a greater association in those with early‐stage HIV. This finding underscores the importance of ART adherence beyond establishing viral suppression.