bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geospatial analysis in managing medical facilities for combating disaster triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Usman F , Hamim S A , Gumano H N , Jamil F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A new virus emerged, which initially called Novel Corona Virus 2019 and later officially named Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19. The COVID-19 spread globally in less than a year since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, as the epicenter. The pandemic was beginning at the end of December 2019, and the World Health Organization just announced as a pandemic in early March 2020. With extremely fast commuting people, the spread of the contagious virus tremendously fast. The world was not ready to face this unprecedented situation. This paper presents an effort to fight the Covid-19 pandemic in Palembang City, the capital of South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study utilized information provided by the authority and convert it into geospatial data. Daily based data has been captured by providing tools for the enforcements to collect the data for monitoring purposes as well. The Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered (SIR) model is used in this study to determine the need for medical facility demand and map the dispersion of parameters in elevating infectious diseases. The SIR model is used to determine the effect of social distancing in the community to flatten the curve. The local parameters were used in the lowest administrative boundary of the district. Predictive demand for referred medical facilities can be delineated. From this study, the predicted peak of infected cases has a good agreement with the actual total cases. The result of the analysis can be used to manage the medical facilities to accommodate the demand.
Knowledge and attitudes of the BNPB leaders towards nuclear disaster threat in Indonesia: expectation and reality – ICDM 2020
Authors: Widana IDK K , Apriliani D , Maarif S , Adri K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Utilization of nuclear technology has an inherent risk due to its radiation hazards that may trigger nuclear technology failure disasters. The government agency designated for coordinating disasters management activities in Indonesia is BNPB. As knowledge on nuclear hazards will influence attitudes and concerns for preparedness towards nuclear disaster, the research aimed to analyse the knowledge and attitudes of the BNPB leaders towards nuclear disaster threat in Indonesia. A case study qualitative method was used to explore and analyse the knowledge and attitudes of the BNPB leaders towards nuclear disaster threat in Indonesia. The research used knowledge and attitudes indicators for dealing with nuclear disaster threat derived from the natural disaster preparedness parameters, developed by LIPI-UNESCO / ISDR (2006), and the nuclear emergency preparedness requirements, develop by the IAEA (2015). In general, the results showed that the knowledge and attitudes of the BNPB leaders are sufficient (56.25%). While knowledge of causes, potential, types of events that may trigger nuclear disaster is sufficient, on the other hand, the attitudes towards nuclear disaster risk is still deficient. Thus, increasing the knowledge and attitudes on nuclear disaster threat, there is a need BNPB to enhance its role as the disaster coordinator to include coordination of exchange of information and knowledge of nuclear hazards with other related ministries/ agencies, such as BAPETEN and BATAN, into its program.
Causal structure framework of man-made disaster in construction
Authors: Suraji A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Construction accident is a man-made disaster. Causal factors of a construction accident could lie dormant at the project conception, design, and construction stage. Investigating the causal factors is, therefore, inadequate if directed only to operative errors, and the contractor’s management or organisation failures. A systematic investigation should also cover management or organisational failures initiated by the designer, the client’s team, and the client. This would lead to the need for a practical method of the accident investigation by which the operational errors, and management or organisational failures can be revealed comprehensively. This paper presents a constraint-response analysis of causation of construction accidents (CRACCA). It is a model illustrating a generic network of factors in construction accident causation. CRACCA proposes that construction accident causation consist of (1) accident events, (2) proximal factors, and (3) distal factors. The accident events represent accident occurrences and their consequences; the proximal factors represent deficiencies of the construction process; whilst the distal factors represent precursors generating the proximal factors. Both the proximal and distal factors are considered as factors stimulating the increased risk of construction accident. The distal factors are characterised as constraints applied to, and responses by, participants in the construction project. These constraints and responses constitute management actions taken by clients, the client’s team, the designers or the builders. In this way, the model will assist investigators to structure more readily the causal factors, and determine potential or predominant factors leading to construction accidents. In this paper, the constraint-response theory is briefly described. The generic structure of the causal network is presented. The default features of the model are introduced. The paper also illustrates procedures using CRACCA.
Financial performance and impacts of village fund on post disaster rural economic development in Pidie Jaya-Indonesia
Authors: Iqbal R M , Nugroho A , Fajri  , Martiastuti H I , Nonita L , Fadhiela K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Village Fund is a tremendous budget decentralization scheme in Indonesia. The program has been showing its impacts, particularly in public infrastructure revitalization in rural areas since 2015. This study aims to examine the performance of Village Funds and their impacts on post-disaster economic re-developments. The descriptive statistic analysis was applied to secondary data derived from the 2015-2019 financial reports of 19 villages in Pidie Jaya (Aceh-Indonesia). This study shows that performance in terms of economic output is very poor. The Village Fund failed to generate the Original Village Income through the establishment of the Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes).
Women empowerment in post- disaster recovery after 2018 tsunami in Sumur Regency Pandeglang District
Authors: Rahmatika N I , Sakti S K , Boediarto A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Sunda Strait Tsunami that occurred on December 22, 2018 in Pandeglang District resulted in 296 people died, 675 injured, 3,553 people displaced and damaged homes, infrastructure and public and social facilities. Community empowerment is an effort for sustainable disaster management as the community is part of the triple hellix in disaster management. Women are one of the vulnerable groups in a state of disaster but can be a resource in disaster management. The purpose of this study was to analyze the women empowerment and to the post- 2018 Tsunami in Sumur Regency Pandeglang district and its impacts to the disaster recovery process. The qualitative method is used in this research from the primary and secondary databases. For the purposes of this study, the primary data were gathered through face-to-face interviews from the subjects of research who were chosen based on purposive sampling and snowball methods. The result shows that women had taken part in the Pandeglang post-tsunami recovery. Sumur district as the largest affected Tsunami in Pandeglang where many families lost their houses and now living in temporary housing provide many programs related to women empowerment. Women empowerment helped Tsunami survivors in psychosocial and economic recovery. Providing assistance to women helped to recover from Post-Tsunami trauma and have a better live.
Behaviour of T layout structures with and without dilatation
Authors: Sunaryati J , Nidiasari  , Efendi M Z 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Horizontal asymmetries in buildings can cause the building to experience torsion when receiving lateral loads where the earthquake load is one of the lateral loads. In this study, analyses of structures that have horizontal asymmetry is carried out in the form of structures with a T layout. To eliminate the torsional effect on buildings due to earthquake loads, the structures are dilated so that the structures are analyzed into two buildings with the purpose of they become two symmetrical buildings (Models 2 and 3). Time history response analysis was performed to assess whether there was an impact on the structural elements around the dilatation. The most significant result in model 1 is when the first mode of the structure rotates. Meanwhile, after being given dilatation, the two separate structures have moved in translation in mode 1 and 2. The deviation between floors in each model does not exceed the allowable deviation between floors. The building experienced pounding at 21.63 seconds, but this can be overcome by the separation of the structure (dilatation). The planned dilation distance is 70 mm.
Changes in Anak Krakatau landscape after December 2018 eruption
Authors: Ginting F I , Gusnidar  , Nelson M , Rudiyanto  , Minasny B , Fiantis D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The south-western slope of Anak Krakatau collapsed after the eruption on December 22nd, 2018 and reshaped the volcanic island landscape. This work focused on determining the geomorphological features of Mt. Anak Krakatau before and after the eruption. A total of 71 lapilli and 17 volcanic ash samples were collected from Anak Krakatau and Panjang islands on February 23, 2019, and March 14, 2019. Sentinel-2 and Planet Scope images were utilized to monitor thermal activities and the changes of the coastlines. Google Earth Pro was capitalized to determine the rills and gullies formation. After the December 2018 eruption, the height of Anak Krakatau was reduced from 258 to 126 m and, about 76 x 106 m3 of materials were eroded to the sea. The eruption caused Anak Krakatau to be covered by unconsolidated volcanic materials. About 214 of rills (dimension of 380 to 851 m and 30 to 100 cm) and 35 of the gully features (length from 150 to 841 m and width from 0.5 to 13 m) run from the highest peak to the coastline. This work can serve as a reference for predicting potentially disastrous events such as Anak Krakatau, which shows growth and destruction can be observed using remote sensing techniques.
Prediction of jet grouting diameter in Swedish soil conditions
Authors: Brinck Mårten , Stigenius Karl , Beijer Lundberg Anders 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Soil improvement by jet grouting has been used extensively in continental Europe and Japan, and its use has gradually increased in Scandinavia. The most frequent practical use of Jet Grouting in Sweden is water sealing of sheet pile wall excavations. In this application the diameter of the jet grouted columns governs the design, and the mechanical properties of the columns are of less importance. The existing methods for estimation of jet grouted column diameter have been developed in geological conditions in continental Europe and Japan, which are significantly different from the soil stratas normally encountered in Sweden. To assess the applicability of these methods for Jet Grouting in Swedish soil conditions, the current article provides a description of these methods as well as the Swedish geology in which jet grouting is commonly executed. The resulting predicted diameters from such methods are then examined for three different case studies in the Stockholm region in Eastern Sweden, and the design diameters of the columns are given. The applicability of the current methods is elaborated and the consequences for practical design is discussed. The work concludes that none of the two examined methods can be used by themselves in Swedish soil conditions but need to be supplemented with tests at site.
City planning of Hermanninranta – A combination of geotechnics, contamination, and climate change
Authors: Forsman J , Paatsema M , Järvinen K , Laaksonen S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Hermanninranta area presents one of the most geotechnically challenging urban planning areas in the City of Helsinki. The area located on the shore of Vanhankaupunginlahti (Old City Bay) is approx. 50 ha in size. Most of the area is reclaimed from the sea and only Kyläsaari island is a natural formation. Land reclamation in the area was performed in various stages between the 1840s to the 1980s. Natural very soft clay layers encountered in the area extend to a depth of over 40 m below ground surface. Today, the proximity to the city centre makes Hermanninranta very attractive for residential and commercial construction. Thick fill containing contaminated soil, slag and ash on top of soft deep clay, are a challenging combination. Variable fills have caused the settlement of soft clays and the displacement of the embankment towards the bay. Changing current land use for residential purposes will require changing of current ground surface elevation to approximately 2 to 2,5 m upward. This will be an issue impacting geotechnical engineering. Rising sea level caused by global warming shall also be considered. Settlement calculations show that within the next hundred years almost half of the area will be under water in case of no pile slab or soil improvement. The draft city plan has been updated based on these geotechnical, environmental and climate change studies.
Comparison between hydrometer and laser diffraction methods in the determination of clay content in fine-grained soils
Authors: Lopez A , Gustavsson H , Korkiala-Tanttu L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Clay content is the main characterizing parameter when classifying fine-grained soils. Hydrometer method (HD) is commonly used in geotechnics to obtain the grain size distribution properties of fine-grained soils. However, this test is laborious and time consuming as compared to alternative methods such as laser diffraction (LD). In this study, a comparison between the results for clay content of 19 samples from different locations in Finland using HD and LD methods was carried out aiming at obtaining a mathematical expression that allows to transform LD measurements into HD results. The results were statistically compared showing significant differences between the results of these two techniques and underestimation of the clay content by the LD method was observed. Based on the results, the reliability of the laser method in the determination of clay content is discussed.
Measurement uncertainty of the fall cone (FC) test
Authors: Knuuti M , Länsivaara T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The most common method to determine liquid limit, sensitivity and undrained shear strength of clay in Nordic countries is to use fall cone test (FC). However, all these properties include some uncertainty arising from different sources e.g. the geological conditions, test procedure and sample disturbance. In this study, the measurement uncertainty of the fall cone test was analysed. The parameters of interest were the penetration depth of the cone and the interpreted intact undrained shear strength. The test set consisted of high-quality block samples (d=132mm) collected from six different depths at soft clay site in Finland. The diameter of the samples made it possible to perform four parallel fall cone tests per depth, so total of 24 fall cone tests were done. The calculated COV-values for each parameter at each depth were between 0.02 and 0.08, thus indicating very low measurement uncertainty. These values also included the inherent variability of the soil. Overall, the results showed that the fall cone test is reliable method for determining the intact undrained shear strength, if the test is done with care.
Strength and stiffness properties of stonewool used as cloudburst reservoir under roads
Authors: Trads Niels , Katić Nataša 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the climate change, Copenhagen has seen an increase in cloudbursts. During the cloudbursts, sewer systems overflow and result in flooded basements and overspill of untreated water into the harbour. A solution to the limited capacity is to make cloudbursts reservoirs to delay the rain water filling the sewer system. At Langelands Plads in Copenhagen, a reservoir has been established using the stonewool product Rockflow. The Rockflow is installed under two roads and a space used for recreational purposes. Based on monotonic and cyclic laboratory tests, material parameters and appropriate numerical model for the anisotropic material were established. In-situ measurements of the stiffness during and after installation at Langelands Plads consisted of plate load tests and falling weight deflectometer tests together with rutting measurements. The in-situ measurements were statistically processed and back-analysed to confirm the initial material parameters and model. Further, the in-situ measurements are ongoing at appropriate intervals to monitor the performance of the road.
Railway embankment behaviour due to increased axle loads - A numerical study
Authors: Do Tan , Gunnvard Per , Mattsson Hans , Laue Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to an increase in axle loads, the development of excess pore water pressure and settlement in a railway track foundation of fine-grained subgrade soil can be observed. A thorough understanding of the mechanism of development of excess pore water pressure is essential for understanding the development of settlements and the design of potential ground improvement. In this paper, a three dimensional numerical study is presented, which investigates the effects of an increase in axle loads of trains on both excess pore water pressure and settlement. Special attention is given to a soft soil layer beneath the embankment and the influence of ground improvement (deep soil mixing columns). As a result, an increase in axle loads leads to a considerable increase in both excess pore pressures and settlement in the subgrade layer. This increase is more significant in the case of heavy axle load (32.5 tons) than that of the light axle load (16 tons). In addition, cyclic loading can lead to a considerable increase in both vertical displacements and excess pore water pressure. The use of deep soil mixing columns reduces excess pore water pressures and settlements significantly.
DSHANSEP: Alternative considerations of the SHANSEP approach
Authors: Tsegaye A B , Gylland A , Degago S A , Gloppestad J S , Montafia A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Since it was first proposed by Ladd and Foott in 1974, the SHANSEP approach has become a quite useful and convenient approach for the evaluation of the undrained shear strength of clay soils in-situ. SHANSEP is commonly practiced with determination of its parameters using various correlations based on consistency limits. While seemingly handy, such correlations hide some details of the behaviour of clayey soils that are useful for engineering judgement. In this article, an alternative way of looking at the SHANSEP method is presented by examining an integrated framework for strength behaviour of clays. This resulted in a new approach called DSHANSEP, where the D represents the so-called “dilatancy parameter” which measures changes in pore pressure due to changes in shear stresses during undrained loading. The resulting association with dilatancy is logical as this parameter reflects failure mechanisms of the clays which is integral aspect of the undrained shear strength of clays. The implication of this relation is explored by looking at its dependence on the overconsolidation ratio, the mobilized stress ratio and sample quality. Furthermore, a formalized system of classification for clays based on the dilatancy parameter and their overconsolidation ratio is proposed and applied for Norwegian clays along with suggested parameters. Use of DSHANSEP and the proposed classifications are in line with the safety philosophy adopted for stability of slopes involving soft clays in Norway.
Dualism of geology and geotechnical engineering: two parallel approaches to define lake water infiltration into an interlobate esker
Authors: Mansikkamäki J , Hyvönen A , Putkinen N , Kallio H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This case study is a modern example of how geologists and engineers have worked together to reconcile groundwater abstraction from the Pispalanharju aquifer and urban planning of the shore of Lake Näsijärvi in the vicinity of the Hyhky pumping station, located in the Tampere region of southern Finland. The authorities have been concerned about the potential impact of urban development on the important aquifer system to which the lake shore region is possibly connected. Before the study, it was estimated by the authorities that the infiltration rate into the esker from Lake Näsijärvi could be up to 1000 m3/day, forming a significant source of groundwater. Two parallel studies were conducted to examine water infiltration from the lake to the esker. The effects of a proposed land reclamation project on the shore of Lake Näsijärvi were modeled with the finite element code Plaxis 2D. Coupled analysis was conducted to analyze both the flow conditions and deformations in these conditions caused by the fill. An essential part of the geotechnical modeling was the creation of the present state of the shore complex, which already includes manmade fills and structures and a low permeability lake bottom next to the esker. Combining observations with geological and geotechnical data was highly important in the task. The amount of water flow to the esker was estimated from the analysis, and the values were compared with the results of hydrogeological analysis. For the hydrogeological studies, thousands of soil investigations were interpreted by different methods to fit a geological concept that formed the basis of geological cross-section construction work (2.5D), which was then used for groundwater flow modeling by GMS. Both GMS and Plaxis modeling simulations predicted that, due to the low conductance of silt and clay materials found on the shore of Lake Näsijärvi, the amount of water infiltrating in the direction of the esker is very limited, being only 60 to 155 m3/day. Hence, the dualism of hydrogeology and geotechnical engineering hypothesized in this case study was confirmed by modeling results.
Permanent uplift Anchors in Copenhagen Limestone
Authors: Roesen Bjørn Staghøj , Trankjær Helle 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
On the former Postal Service Centre parcel in central Copenhagen a new urban area of 200,000 m2 is under construction, which accommodates service and retail trade, as well as apartments for housing. Below ground a parking basement in two levels is established with excavation to 8 m below ground level, corresponding to approximately 8 m below the design ground water level. To resist the uplift forces on the basement approximately 950 vertical ground anchors were needed. Because of the large number of ground anchors an initial test programme has been performed with the goal of minimizing the overall costs and to ensure a robust anchor project. The test programme consisted of 23 investigation tests on vertical ground anchors with varying anchor bond length, where the aim was to obtain failure in the interface between the grout and the limestone. All test anchors were installed with the anchor bond length in the Copenhagen Limestone. This paper describes the geology of the area, the concept for the preliminary anchor design, the test programme, and the results and conclusions. Furthermore, a description of the design and installation of the production anchors. The test programme showed that the anchor bond length could be reduced to (at least) 4 m for resisting a design anchor load of 1250 kN, corresponding to a measured shear resistance more than 70% greater than initially presumed. Based on this the production anchors were installed and tested by suitability and acceptance tests according to DS 1537, and all anchors passed the test.