bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Long‐Term Changes in Regional Groundwater Recharge Using a Water Balance Model for New Mexico
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Fernald Alexander G. , Kang Shaozhong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn New Mexico in the arid southwestern United States, groundwater recharge is crucial to sustain groundwater (GW), which is vitally important to life, agriculture, industry, and ecosystems. To better understand the changes in recharge statewide, we explored the changes in groundwater recharge (RE), precipitation (P), surface water inflow (SWin), outflow (SWout), diversions (SWdiv), returns (SWret), and surface water and GW evapotranspiration (SWE and GWET) in five New Mexico counties: Taos, Torrance, Doña Ana, Eddy, and Lea during 1975–2015. The results show that the change‐point of RE was in the 1990s, leading to contrasting tendencies in RE before and after the change‐point with a decreasing rate during the latter one. There was a significant positive relationship between RE and P for Taos. The highest contribution rate (CR) to RE was SWout for Taos, whereas GWET ranked as the top CR for the other counties. Furthermore, the annual CR of GWET to RE increased significantly in all counties except Lea. The above results reveal that P and surface water flows played the dominant role in impacting RE in northern New Mexico where surface water is the primary local water resources, whereas GWET had the highest and increasingly continuous influence in central and southern New Mexico where the surface water is much less than that in northern New Mexico. This study shows that water budgets are important to identify differences in regional hydrological regimes that affect planning to maintain RE to groundwater.
Visualization Workflow for Quantifying Parameter Sensitivities and Uncertainties for Hydrologic Models
Authors: Finkenbiner Catherine , Semmendinger Kyla 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFrom regional to continental scales, hydrologic processes are represented by modular modeling frameworks dependent on input datasets and parameter sets representing physical attributes. The hydrologic community needs a common procedure to evaluate model output based on parameter sensitivities and uncertainties compared to performance metrics (i.e., objective functions), especially for large parameter sets. We developed a reproducible workflow for evaluating hydrologic models to objectively analyze model outputs as a function of parameter choice using numerical and visualization techniques. Our workflow was implemented on three separate case studies, each with a different hydrologic model, and the results can be reproduced and visualized from a community github code repository. Model parameter sensitivity was evaluated using several global sensitivity indices and Bayesian theory. Uncertainty in parameter spaces was quantified to highlight the impact of unreliable input data on model output. Model parameter sensitivities and uncertainties were evaluated numerically and visually to provide a comprehensive perspective on their impacts on model output. For each case study, we provided a summary and interpretation of the workflow results. Our workflow can be integrated into hydrologic modeling frameworks for objective modular model and parameter set evaluations based on a data‐driven approach appropriate for model selection.
Testing genome skimming for species discrimination in the large and taxonomically difficult genus Rhododendron
Authors: Fu Chao‐Nan , Mo Zhi‐Qiong , Yang Jun‐Bo , Cai Jie , Ye Lin‐Jiang , Zou Jia‐Yun , Qin Han‐Tao , Zheng Wei , Hollingsworth Peter M. , Li De‐Zhu , Gao Lian‐Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStandard plant DNA barcodes based on 2–3 plastid regions, and nrDNA ITS show variable levels of resolution, and fail to discriminate among species in many plant groups. Genome skimming to recover complete plastid genome sequences and nrDNA arrays has been proposed as a solution to address these resolution limitations. However, few studies have empirically tested what gains are achieved in practice. Of particular interest is whether adding substantially more plastid and nrDNA characters will lead to an increase in discriminatory power, or whether the resolution limitations of standard plant barcodes are fundamentally due to plastid genomes and nrDNA not tracking species boundaries. To address this, we used genome skimming to recover near‐complete plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA from Rhododendron species and compared discrimination success with standard plant barcodes. We sampled 218 individuals representing 145 species of this species‐rich and taxonomically difficult genus, focusing on the global biodiversity hotspots of the Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains. Only 33% of species were distinguished using ITS+matK+rbcL+trnH‐psbA. In contrast, 55% of species were distinguished using plastid genome and nrDNA sequences. The vast majority of this increase is due to the additional plastid characters. Thus, despite previous studies showing an asymptote in discrimination success beyond 3–4 plastid regions, these results show that a demonstrable increase in discriminatory power is possible with extensive plastid genome data. However, despite these gains, many species remain unresolved, and these results also reinforce the need to access multiple unlinked nuclear loci to obtain transformative gains in species discrimination in plants.
Global emergency medicine: A scoping review of the literature from 2020
Authors: Trehan Indi , Kivlehan Sean M. , Balhara Kamna S. , Bonney Joseph , Hexom Braden J. , Pousson Amelia Y. , Quao Nana S. A. , Rybarczyk Megan M. , Selvam Anand , Nicholson Benjamin D. , Bhaskar Nidhi , Becker Torben K. ,   theGlobal Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) Group
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to identify, screen, highlight, review, and summarize some of the most rigorously conducted and impactful original research (OR) and review articles (RE) in global emergency medicine (EM) published in 2020 in the peer‐reviewed and gray literature.MethodsA broad systematic search of peer‐reviewed publications related to global EM indexed on PubMed and in the gray literature was conducted. The titles and abstracts of the articles on this list were screened by members of the Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) Group to identify those that met our criteria of OR or RE in the domains of disaster and humanitarian response (DHR), emergency care in resource‐limited settings (ECRLS), and EM development. Those articles that met these screening criteria were then scored using one of three scoring templates appropriate to the article type. Those articles that scored in the top 5% then underwent in‐depth narrative summarization.ResultsThe 2020 GEMLR search initially identified 35,970 articles, more than 50% more than last year’s search. From these, 364 were scored based on their full text. Nearly three‐fourths of the scored articles constituted OR, of which nearly three‐fourths employed quantitative research methods. Nearly 10% of the articles identified this year were directly related to COVID‐19. Research involving ECRLS again constituted most of the articles in this year’s review, accounting for more than 60% of the literature scored. A total of 20 articles underwent in‐depth narrative critiques.ConclusionsThe number of studies relevant to global EM identified by our search was very similar to that of last year. Revisions to our methodology to identify a broader range of research were successful in identifying more qualitative research and studies related to DHR. The number of COVID‐19–related articles is likely to continue to increase in subsequent years.
Introducing SentiMag in a rural setting: a 5‐year experience
Authors: Sreedhar Sharmaine , Maloney Jay , Hudson Steven 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Sentimag device is a probe that contains a sensitive magnetometer which detects either an implantable magnetic marker (MagSeed) or an infectable superparamagnetic ironoxide nanoparticle tracer (MagTrace). MagSeed is used to localise impalpable breast lesions; MagTrace is used to identify sentinel lymph nodes. In Australasia, Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, using radioactive colloid injection, is a mainstay of prognostication in breast surgery in patients with a clinically negative axilla. In addition, radioactive seeds or hookwires have been used to detect impalpable breast lesions. Gisborne Hospital has been using the SentiMag device since June 2016 to both identify sentinel lymph nodes (Magtrace) and impalpable tumours (Magseed). This study gives perspective over more than 5 years on how this new technology can benefit patients and clinicians in the rural setting.MethodsPatient data had been collected by the operative surgeon prospectively and corroborated with the coding department. Consecutive cases performed by a single surgeon were included in this study. Inclusion criteria were: (1) any patient who needed localisation of an impalpable breast lesion; (2) any patient who needed a sentinel lymph node biopsy; (3) cases were collected from January 2013 with the large majority of cases were collected between January 2015 and Jan 2020. Comparisons were made between patients with different localisation methods. Basic demographics were collected at the time of the surgery and outcomes then recorded. Staging, lymph node status, lymph node detection rates and complications were collected. Mode of tumour and sentinel node location was recorded. Financial data was collected from administrative staff via receipts and invoices of purchases to the hospital.ResultsOf the 125 patients included in this study: 23 underwent magnetic seed insertion; 15 underwent a hookwire insertion; 45 cases used MagTrace injection; 71 cases used radioactive colloid injection. There was a significantly higher detection rate of two or more sentinel nodes in the SentiMag group. (91% vs. 71.8%, p = 0.01). Neither complication rates, nor cancer detection rates were significantly different. Eighty‐four (67.2%) cases did not require tumour location.ConclusionSentiMag is safe to use in a rural setting. Using the SentiMag system can simplify care for patients and surgeons and was shown to be cost effective in our hospital.
Indigenous Youth and Decolonial Futures: Energy and Environmentalism among the Diné in the Navajo Nation and the Lepchas of Sikkim, India
Authors: Gergan Mabel Denzin , Curley Andrew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn India and the United States, Lepcha and Diné youth are articulating decolonial futures that diverge from past aspirations. Rather than demanding big infrastructure such as dams or power plants, Indigenous youth forward decolonial visions that reimagine the landscape and energy technologies. In this article, we suggest that Lepcha and Diné activists are articulating a youthful decolonial futurity—a vision for the future where their generation and the ones to follow can flourish in their own territories and on their own terms. We propose youthful decolonial futurity as a prefigurative politics specific to Indigenous youth, who view their activism as integral to creating a future where their communities have more control over decision‐making processes and their ancestral territories. What emerges is a consideration of the role of Indigenous youth in building a language and politics of decolonisation against the roles of power brokers, elites, and naysayers.
Strabismus, stereoacuity, accommodation and convergence in young adults born premature and screened for retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Pétursdóttir Dýrleif , Holmström Gerd , Larsson Eva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate strabismus, stereoacuity, accommodation and convergence in prematurely born young adults; screened for retinopathy of prematurity in the neonatal period and compare with term‐born individuals of the same age.Materials and methodsThe study participants included 59 prematurely born individuals with a birthweight of ≤1,500 grams and 44 term‐born controls, all born during 1988–1990 in Stockholm County, Sweden. Ocular alignment was assessed with a cover test, stereoacuity with the TNO stereo test and the amplitude of accommodation and the near point of convergence with the Royal Air Force Rule.ResultsSeven of 59 (12%) preterms had manifest strabismus, 4/59 (7%) had esotropia and 3/59 (5%) exotropia. One of 44 (2%) controls had esotropia; no other controls had manifest strabismus. Stereoacuity was within normal limits in 38/59 (64%) preterms and 43/44 (98%) controls, p < 0.01; the difference remained after excluding those with strabismus. A neurological complication at 2.5 years of age was the strongest risk factor for subnormal stereoacuity within the preterm group after excluding those with strabismus. The mean amplitude of accommodation was poorer in the preterms than the controls in better (p < 0.05) and worse eyes (p < 0.05). The preterms were more likely to have an amplitude of accommodation below the minimum, according to Hofstetter’s equation. There were no differences between the groups regarding the near point of convergence.ConclusionPrematurely born young adults had a higher prevalence of strabismus, reduced stereoacuity and worse amplitude of accommodation than term‐born controls.
Global and Swedish review of rotavirus vaccines showed considerable reductions in morbidity and mortality
Authors: Schollin Ask Lina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRotavirus infections cause severe gastroenteritis in small children, with both high morbidity and mortality. The rotavirus vaccine has been recommended by the World Health Organization since 2009 and was being used by 108 countries by 2019. It joined Sweden's national immunisation programme that year, after 5 years of selective regional use. This review summarises the baseline facts and evidence, the most common vaccines and the global direct and indirect effects, with a special focus on Sweden.ConclusionThe vaccine has had a considerable impact on global and Swedish morbidity and mortality, but some indirect effects and socioeconomic differentials need research.
The recanalization after thrombolysis as surrogate for clinical outcomes in patients with ST‐segment elevation acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta‐regression analysis of data from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhu Yidan , Chen Siyu , Zhao Xingshan , Qiao Shubin , Yang Qin , Gao Runlin , Wu Yangfeng 
Published: July 2021

AimsThrombolytic therapy has been known to be effective in reducing clinical outcomes and increasing recanalization rate among patients with ST‐segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, whether post‐thrombolysis recanalization could be used as a surrogate for clinical outcomes is unknown.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library database to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) that examined effects of thrombolytic agents in STEMI. Recanalization was defined as TIMI grade 2 or 3 flow. The primary outcome was in‐hospital all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included in‐hospital and 30‐day recurrent myocardial infarction (re‐MI), composite of death and re‐MI, major bleeding and all bleeding. Random‐effects meta‐regression was used for analysis.ResultsWe identified 111 eligible study arms and 52 eligible comparisons from 58 RCTs involving 16 536 patients. Our analyses showed that among study arms recanalization rate was significantly inversely associated with the incidence of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality (β: −0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.13 to −0.02), re‐MI (β: −0.09, 95%CI: −0.18 to −0.01) and the composite of death and re‐MI (β: −0.17, 95%CI: −0.28 to −0.05), and positively associated with in‐hospital all bleeding but not with major bleeding. Among paired comparisons, the difference in recanalization rate was associated with the corresponding difference in incidence of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality (β: −0.15, 95%CI: −0.28 to −0.01) but the relationship was not significant for any other outcome.ConclusionPooled evidence from RCTs suggest the potential use of recanalization as a surrogate for clinical outcomes in evaluating the efficacy of thrombolysis among patients with STEMI.
IGF2BP2 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer through a YAP‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Cui Jie , Tian Jiale , Wang Weiwei , He Tao , Li Xin , Gu Chenzheng , Wang Lixin , Wu Jian , Shang Anquan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo explore the effect of insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) on colorectal cancer (CRC) by recognizing the m6A modification of YAP mRNA thus activating ErbB2 expression. High expressions of IGF2BP2, YAP, and ErbB2 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells and reduced their apoptosis. IGF2BP2 recognized the m6A on YAP mRNA and promoted the translation of mRNA. YAP regulated ErbB2 expression by promoting TEAD4 enrichment in ErbB2 promoter region. Therefore, IGF2BP2 promoted the expression of ErbB2 to enhance the proliferation, invasion and migration of CRC cells, to repress cell apoptosis, and to promote solid tumor formation in nude mice. IGF2BP2 activates the expression of ErbB2 by recognizing the m6A of YAP, thus affecting the cell cycle of CRC, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and promoting proliferation.
Highly sensitive fusion detection using plasma cell‐free RNA in non‐small‐cell lung cancers
Authors: Hasegawa Nobuhiko , Kohsaka Shinji , Kurokawa Kana , Shinno Yuki , Takeda Nakamura Ikuko , Ueno Toshihide , Kojima Shinya , Kawazu Masahito , Suehara Yoshiyuki , Ishijima Muneaki , Goto Yasushi , Kojima Yuki , Yonemori Kan , Hayashi Takuo , Saito Tsuyoshi , Shukuya Takehito , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Mano Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractALK, ROS1, and RET kinase fusions are important predictive biomarkers of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Analysis of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) provides a noninvasive method to identify gene changes in tumor cells. The present study sought to use cfRNA and cfDNA for identifying fusion genes. A reliable protocol was established to detect fusion genes using cfRNA and assessed the analytical validity and clinical usefulness in 30 samples from 20 cases of fusion‐positive NSCLC. The results of cfRNA‐based assays were compared with tissue biopsy and cfDNA‐based liquid biopsy (Guardant360 plasma next‐generation sequencing [NGS] assay). The overall sensitivity of the cfRNA‐based assay was 26.7% (8/30) and that of cfDNA‐based assay was 16.7% (3/18). When analysis was limited to the samples collected at chemo‐naïve or progressive disease status and available for both assays, the sensitivity of the cfRNA‐based assay was 77.8% (7/9) and that of cfDNA‐based assay was 33.3% (3/9). Fusion gene identification in cfRNA was correlated with treatment response. These results suggest that the proposed cfRNA assay is a useful diagnostic test for patients with insufficient tissues to facilitate effective administration of first‐line treatment and is a useful tool to monitor the progression of NSCLC for consideration of second‐line treatments.
Fluoridation cessation and children’s dental caries: A 7‐year follow‐up evaluation of Grade 2 schoolchildren in Calgary and Edmonton, Canada
Authors: McLaren Lindsay , Patterson Steven K. , Faris Peter , Chen Guanmin , Thawer Salima , Figueiredo Rafael , Weijs Cynthia , McNeil Deborah , Waye Arianna , Potestio Melissa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe examined the effect of fluoridation cessation on children's dental caries experience in the Canadian cities of Calgary (cessation in 2011) and Edmonton (still fluoridated).MethodsWe used a pre‐post cross‐sectional design with comparison group. We studied Grade 2 schoolchildren (approximately 7 years old) 7‐8 years after fluoridation cessation in Calgary, thus capturing children born after cessation occurred. Data collection included a dental examination conducted in school by calibrated dental hygienists, a questionnaire completed by parents, and fingernail clippings for a small subsample. Our overall analytic approach was twofold. We first examined differences in dental caries experience (deft and DMFT, and smooth surface caries based on defs and DMFS) between Calgary and Edmonton and over time (comparing 2018/2019 data to pre‐cessation and early post‐cessation surveys in our setting). Second, we evaluated whether differences were likely to reflect fluoridation cessation in Calgary, rather than other factors.ResultsThe prevalence of caries in the primary dentition was significantly higher (P < .05) in Calgary (fluoridation cessation) than in Edmonton (still fluoridated). For example, crude deft prevalence in 2018/2019 was 64.8% (95% CI 62.3‐67.3), n = 2649 in Calgary and 55.1% (95% CI 52.3‐57.8), n = 2600 in Edmonton. These differences were consistent and robust: they persisted with adjustment for potential confounders and in the subset of respondents who were lifelong residents and reported usually drinking tap water; they had widened over time since cessation; and they were corroborated by assessments of dental fluorosis and estimates of total fluoride intake from fingernail clippings. Findings for permanent teeth were less consistent, which likely reflects that 7‐year‐olds have not had the time to accumulate enough permanent dentition caries experience for differences to have become apparent.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with an adverse impact of fluoridation cessation on children's dental health in Calgary and point to the need for universal, publicly funded prevention activities—including but not limited to fluoridation.
Characterization of anaphylaxis reveals different metabolic changes depending on severity and triggers
Authors: Perales‐Chorda Carolina , Obeso David , Twomey Laura , Rojas‐Benedicto Ayelén , Puchades‐Carrasco Leonor , Roca Marta , Pineda‐Lucena Antonio , Laguna José Julio , Barbas Coral , Esteban Vanesa , Martí‐Garrido Jaume , Ibañez‐Echevarria Ethel , López‐Salgueiro Ramón , Barber Domingo , Villaseñor Alma , Hernández Fernández de Rojas Dolores 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the increasing incidence of anaphylaxis, its underlying molecular mechanisms and biomarkers for appropriate diagnosis remain undetermined. The rapid onset and potentially fatal outcome in the absence of managed treatment prevent its study. Up today, there are still no known biomarkers that allow an unequivocal diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore metabolic changes in patients suffering anaphylactic reactions depending on the trigger (food and/or drug) and severity (moderate and severe) in a real‐life set‐up.MethodsEighteen episodes of anaphylaxis, one per patient, were analysed. Sera were collected during the acute phase (T1), the recovery phase (T2) and around 2–3 months after the anaphylactic reaction (T0: basal state). Reactions were classified following an exhaustive allergological evaluation for severity and trigger. Sera samples were analysed using untargeted metabolomics combining liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR).Results‘Food T1 vs T2’ and ‘moderate T1 vs T2’ anaphylaxis comparisons showed clear metabolic patterns during the onset of an anaphylactic reaction, which differed from those induced by drugs, food + drug or severe anaphylaxis. Moreover, the model of food anaphylaxis was able to distinguish the well‐characterized IgE (antibiotics) from non‐IgE‐mediated anaphylaxis (nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs), suggesting a differential metabolic pathway associated with the mechanism of action. Metabolic differences between ‘moderate vs severe’ at the acute phase T1 and at basal state T0 were studied. Among the altered metabolites, glucose, lipids, cortisol, betaine and oleamide were observed altered.ConclusionsThe results of this exploratory study provide the first evidence that different anaphylactic triggers or severity induce differential metabolic changes along time or at specific time‐point, respectively. Besides, the basal status T0 might identify high‐risk patients, thus opening new ways to understand, diagnose and treat anaphylaxis.