bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High‐Voltage Zn–Organic Battery Using a Nonflammable Organic Electrolyte
Authors: Qiu Xuan , Wang Nan , Dong Xiaoli , Xu Jie , Zhou Kang , Li Wei , Wang Yonggang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOwing to undesired Zn corrosion and the formation of Zn dendrites in aqueous electrolytes, most of the examples of aqueous Zn batteries with reported excellent performance are achieved with low Zn‐utilization (<0.6 %) in the anode and low mass‐loading (<3 mg cm−2) in the cathode. Herein, we propose a new organic electrolyte for Zn batteries, which contains a zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn‐TFMS) salt and a mixed solvent consisting of propylene carbonate (PC) and triethyl phosphate (TEP). We demonstrate that this electrolyte with an optimized PC/TEP ratio not only exhibits high ionic conductivity and a wide stable potential window, but also facilitates dendrite‐free Zn plating/stripping. In particular, the TEP solvent makes the electrolyte nonflammable. Finally, a 2 V Zn//polytriphenylamine composite (PTPAn) battery is fabricated with the optimized electrolyte; it shows a high rate and a long lifetime (2400 cycles) even with a high mass‐loading (16 mg cm−2) of PTPAn in the cathode and with a high Zn‐utilization (3.5 %).
Efficient Hole Trapping in Carbon Dot/Oxygen‐Modified Carbon Nitride Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Enhanced Methanol Production from CO2 under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Wang Yiou , Godin Robert , Durrant James R. , Tang Junwang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis of alcohols from CO2 is still unsatisfactory owing to the rapid charge relaxation compared to the sluggish photoreactions and the oxidation of alcohol products. Here, we demonstrate that CO2 is reduced to methanol with 100 % selectivity using water as the only electron donor on a carbon nitride‐like polymer (FAT) decorated with carbon dots. The quantum efficiency of 5.9 % (λ=420 nm) is 300 % higher than the previously reported carbon nitride junction. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we observed that holes in FAT could be extracted by the carbon dots with nearly 75 % efficiency before they become unreactive by trapping. Extraction of holes resulted in a greater density of photoelectrons, indicative of reduced recombination of shorter‐lived reactive electrons. This work offers a strategy to promote photocatalysis by increasing the amount of reactive photogenerated charges via structure engineering and extraction before energy losses by deep trapping.
Understanding the Roles of Electrogenerated Co3+ and Co4+ in Selectivity‐Tuned 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidation
Authors: Deng Xiaohui , Xu Ge‐Yang , Zhang Yue‐Jiao , Wang Lei , Zhang Jiujun , Li Jian‐Feng , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Luo Jing‐Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Co‐based electrocatalyst is among the most promising candidates for electrochemical oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). However, the intrinsic active sites and detailed mechanism of this catalyst remains unclear. We combine experimental evidence and a theoretical study to show that electrogenerated Co3+ and Co4+ species act as chemical oxidants but with distinct roles in selective HMF oxidation. It is found that Co3+ is only capable of oxidizing formyl group to produce carboxylate while Co4+ is required for the initial oxidation of hydroxyl group with significantly faster kinetics. As a result, the product distribution shows explicit dependence on the Co oxidation states and selective production of 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA) and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) are achieved by tuning the applied potential. This work offers essential mechanistic insight on Co‐catalyzed organic oxidation reactions and might guide the design of more efficient electrocatalysts.
Random packing material in disinfection contactors: Effects on baffling and energy loss
Authors: Baker Jessica L. , Venayagamoorthy Subhas K. , De Long Susan K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the potential improvement in the hydraulic disinfection efficiency and the possible energy loss as a result of the presence of random packing material (RPM) in a laboratory‐scale chlorine contactor. Tracer tests were conducted on a 55‐gal drum tank filled with RPM in varying amounts in different configurations to measure the efficiency of each setup in terms of baffling factor (BF). The bulk pressure drop was measured to determine the energy loss for each configuration. The results of this study show that securing RPM near the inlet, in any amount, improves the BF by 300% to more than 900%. The amount of RPM begins to have an impact at or above an inlet jet Reynolds number of ~27,700. Also, changes in head loss due to the presence of RPM (in any amount, configuration, and/or flow rate) were generally considered to be negligible.Article Impact StatementThis study highlights the practical utility of random packing material for enhancing baffling factors of contactors in small water systems.
Near‐Null Magnetic Field Suppresses Fruit Growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xu Chunxiao , Feng Shanshan , Yu Yang , Zhang Yuxia , Wei Shufeng 
Published: July 2021

We previously found that a near‐null magnetic field affected reproductive growth in Arabidopsis under white light. To test whether the effect of a near‐null magnetic field on fruit growth of Arabidopsis is related to cryptochrome, we grew wild‐type Arabidopsis and cryptochrome double mutant, cry1/cry2, in a near‐null magnetic field under blue light. We found that fruit growth of wild‐type Arabidopsis instead of the cry1/cry2 mutant was suppressed by the near‐null magnetic field. Furthermore, gibberellin (GA) levels of GA4, GA9, GA34, and GA51 in fruits of wild‐type plants in the near‐null magnetic fields were significantly lower than local geomagnetic field controls. However, in cry1/cry2 mutants, levels of the four detected GAs in fruits in the near‐null magnetic fields did not differ significantly from controls. Expressions of GA20‐oxidase (GA20ox) genes (GA20ox1 and GA20ox2) and GA3‐oxidase (GA3ox) genes (GA3ox1 and GA3ox3) in fruits of wild‐type plants rather than cry1/cry2 mutants were downregulated by the near‐null magnetic field. In contrast, expressions of GA2‐oxidase (GA2ox) genes and GA signaling genes were not affected by the near‐null magnetic field. These results indicate that suppression of fruit growth by the near‐null magnetic field is mediated by cryptochrome and that GAs are involved in the regulation of fruit growth by the near‐null magnetic field. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
The feasibility and effectiveness of compassionate mind training as a test anxiety intervention for adolescents: A preliminary investigation
Authors: O’Driscoll Dean , McAleese Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTest anxiety can have a deleterious impact on academic achievement and adversely affect adolescent well‐being, both concurrently and in later life. The current study explored the use of compassionate mind training (CMT) as a school‐based intervention for test anxiety among adolescents. Participants were 47 adolescents, aged 16–17 years, attending a post‐primary school in the UK and enrolled to take qualifications beyond compulsory education. Participants were quasi‐randomly allocated on the basis of timetable availability into an intervention group that received eight sessions of CMT (n = 22) or a control group (n = 25). Participants in both groups completed pre‐ and post‐intervention measures of test anxiety, general anxiety and self‐compassion. Attendance and retention rates were used as an index of intervention feasibility. The findings indicated that CMT was a feasible and effective intervention. Adolescents receiving CMT showed significant reductions in test anxiety and general anxiety, as well as a significant improvement in self‐compassion following the intervention compared with the control group. The findings highlight the potential value of CMT in supporting young people suffering from test anxiety in schools. The implications for counselling practice are discussed.
Developing competency frameworks using natural language processing: An exploratory study
Authors: Garman Andrew N. , Erwin Taylor S. , Garman Tyler R. , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCompetency models provide useful frameworks for organizing learning and assessment programs, but their construction is both time intensive and subject to perceptual biases. Some aspects of model development may be particularly well‐suited to automation, specifically natural language processing (NLP), which could also help make them more generalizable and thus more learner‐centric.AimsIn this study, we sought to evaluate the potential for NLP techniques be applied to competency framework development.Materials & MethodsUsing NLP, we developed a set of new competency frameworks from a sample of existing leadership competency models from the health professions (e.g. nursing, medicine, healthcare management, social work, spiritual care). We then arranged for a human reviewer who was blind to the frameworks’ sources to evaluate their relative coherence.ResultsThe human‐developed frameworks tended to be viewed as more coherent than the NLP‐generated frameworks, however the coherence advantage was greatest for the least complex models, and there was no apparent advantage in the most complex model we tested.DiscussionAlthough NLP did not consistently outperform the human‐developed model structures, the pattern of results suggested directions for further model refinement and future study.ConclusionReplicating this research with a broader sample of competency models will be important for establishing whether the observed relationship between NLP performance and model size is a more widely generalizable principle.
Centriole is the pivot co‐ordinating dynamic signaling for cell proliferation and organization during early development in the vertebrates
Authors: Jayarajan Roopasree O. ,   Adivitiya , Chakraborty Soura , Kateriya Suneel , Veleri Shobi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVertebrates have an elaborate and functionally segmented body. It evolves from a single cell by systematic cell proliferation but attains a complex body structure with exquisite precision. This development requires two cellular events: cell cycle and ciliogenesis. For these events, the dynamic molecular signaling is converged at the centriole. The cell cycle helps in cell proliferation and growth of the body and is a highly regulated and integrated process. Its errors cause malignancies and developmental disorders. The cells newly proliferated are organized during organogenesis. For a cellular organization, dedicated signaling hubs are developed in the cells, and most often cilia are utilized. The cilium is generated from one of the centrioles involved in cell proliferation. The developmental signaling pathways hosted in cilia are essential for the elaboration of the body plan. The cilium's compartmental seclusion is ideal for noise‐free molecular signaling and is essential for the precision of the body layout. The dysfunctional centrioles and primary cilia distort the development of body layout that manifest as serious developmental disorders. Thus, centriole has a dual role in the growth and cellular organization. It organizes dynamically expressed molecules of cell cycle and ciliogenesis and plays a balancing act to generate new cells and organize them during development. A putative master molecule may regulate and co‐ordinate the dynamic gene expression at the centrioles. The convergence of many critical signaling components at the centriole reiterates the idea that centriole is a major molecular workstation involved in elaborating the structural design and complexity in vertebrates.
A case of lip edema caused by the accidental ingestion of a bar of soap
Authors: Fujihara Tatsuya , Ishida Ryosuke , Yamamori Yuji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe most common symptom following the accidental ingestion of a soap is lip edema. Although most cases are asymptomatic or exhibit mild symptoms, in some cases, aspiration pneumonia, oropharyngeal edema, and bronchial obstruction may be fatal.
Suspected Bartonella osteomyelitis in a dog
Authors: Easley Frankie , Taylor Lindsay , B. Breitschwerdt Edward 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBartonella associated osteomyelitis, while described in humans and a cat, has to our knowledge not been described in dogs. Infection with Bartonella spp. should be considered as a potential bacterial cause of osteomyelitis in dogs.
Additional ablation effect of low‐speed rotational atherectomy following high‐speed rotational atherectomy on early calcified in‐stent restenosis: A case report
Authors: Hamana Tomoyo , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Sawada Takahiro , Kawai Hiroya , Takaya Tomofumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOptical frequency domain imaging‐guided additional low‐speed rotational atherectomy following sufficient high‐speed rotational atherectomy for early calcified in‐stent restenosis might be a safe and useful option for achieving additional large lumen gains and stent expansion.
Cor‐Knot automated fastener in distal anastomosis of total aortic arch replacement: A case report
Authors: Sharaf Omar M. , Martin Tomas D. , Jeng Eric I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCor‐Knot fastener use in sternotomy‐based aortic arch procedures has not been reported. We present Cor‐Knot fastener use over a Hegar dilator in an anatomically challenging total aortic arch replacement with no short‐term and/or long‐term complications.
P/N Co‐doped Carbon Nanotubes with Dominated Capacity‐controlled Absorption Effect Enabling Superior Potassium Storage
Authors: Xiong Shuangsheng , Jiang Yang , Liang Wenjing , Deng Shuolei , Wang Yuanzhe , Luan Sunrui , Chen Rongna , Hou Li , Zhang Zhengguang , Gao Faming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarbonaceous materials are considered to be the most promising anode materials of Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, for most carbon‐based PIBs anode materials reported so far, they usually deliver low reversible capacities, insufficient cycle life and poor rate capability. In this work, we report a novel P/N co‐doped carbon nanotube (PNCNTs) material as the anode material for PIBs. The material with fully exposed active edges and open fast ion/electron transfer structure can effectively shorten the K+ transfer distance. Furthermore, the P/N co‐doping provides abundant electrochemical active adsorption sites and extended interlayer spacing, which facilitates the rapid insertion/removal of K+, increases the surface charge capacity and maintains the structural stability of the electrode material. As expected, when used as the anode material for PIBs, PNCNTs exhibited a high specific capacity (612.2 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1), excellent rate capability (190, 183 and 165 mA h g−1 at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 A g−1 after 500 cycles, respectively) as well as remarkable long‐term cycling stability (162 mA h g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 after 1400 cycles). Through further kinetic analysis and a simple first‐principles calculation, we revealed the dominated capacity‐controlled absorption mechanism of potassium storage in PNCNTs.
Dicyano‐Imidazole: A Facile Generation of Pure Blue TADF Materials for OLEDs
Authors: Yi Rong‐Huei , Liu Guan‐Yang , Luo Yan‐Teng , Wang Wei‐Yu , Tsai Han‐Yu , Lin Chien‐Hsiang , Shen Hsiang‐Ling , Chang Chih‐Hao , Lu Chin‐Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA series of dicyano‐imidazole‐based molecules with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties were synthesized to obtain pure blue‐emitting organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The targeted molecules used dicyano‐imidazole with a short‐conjugated system as the electron acceptor to strong intermolecular π‐π interactions, and provide a relatively shallow energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The cyano group was selected to improve imidazole as an electron acceptor due to its prominent electron‐transporting characteristics. Four different electron donors, that is, 9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DMAC), 10H‐spiro(acridine‐9,9’‐fluoren) (SPAC), and 9,9‐diphenyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DPAC), were used to alternate the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level to tune the emission color further. The crowded molecular structure in space makes the electron donor and acceptor almost orthogonal, reducing the energy gap (ΔEST) between the first excited singlet (S1) and the triplet (T1) states and introducing significant TADF property. The efficiencies of the blue‐emissive devices with imM‐SPAC and imM‐DMAC obtained in this work are the highest among the reported imidazole‐based TADF‐OLEDs, which are 13.8 % and 13.4 %, respectively. Both of Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) coordinates are close to the saturated blue region at (0.17, 0.18) and (0.16, 0.19), respectively. Combining these tailor‐made TADF compounds with specific device architectures, electroluminescent (EL) emission from sky‐blue to deep‐blue could be achieved, proving their great potential in EL applications.
A Water Molecule Triggers Guest Exchange at a Mono‐Zinc Centre Confined in a Biomimetic Calixarene Pocket: a Model for Understanding Ligand Stability in Zn Proteins
Authors: Brunetti Emilio , Marcelis Lionel , Zhurkin Fedor E. , Luhmer Michel , Jabin Ivan , Reinaud Olivia , Bartik Kristin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the ligand exchange mechanism at a biomimetic ZnIIcentre, embedded in a pocket mimicking the possible constrains induced by a proteic structure, is explored. The residence time of different guest ligands (dimethylformamide, acetonitrile and ethanol) inside the cavity of a calix[6]arene‐based tris(imidazole) tetrahedral zinc complex was probed using 1D EXchange SpectroscopY NMR experiments. A strong dependence of residence time on water content was observed with no exchange occurring under anhydrous conditions, even in the presence of a large excess of guest ligand. These results advocate for an associative exchange mechanism involving the transient exo‐coordination of a water molecule, giving rise to 5‐coordinate ZnIIintermediates, and inversion of the pyramid at the ZnIIcentre. Theoretical modelling by DFT confirmed that the associative mechanism is at stake. These results are particularly relevant in the context of the understanding of kinetic stability/lability in Zn proteins and highlight the key role that a single water molecule can play in catalysing ligand exchange and controlling the lability of ZnIIin proteins.
Investigation of the interaction between nanoparticles, asphaltenes, and silica surfaces by real‐time quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation
Authors: Montoya Tatiana , Jaiswal Archana , Nassar Nashaat N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe effects of nanofluids as wettability alternators and inhibitors of asphaltene precipitation and formation damage were studied in this work. Silicate‐based nanoparticles with different chemical surfaces, named neutral (NN), basic (BN), and acidic (AN), dispersed in NaCl brine were tested to observe their interactions with n‐C7 asphaltenes and silica surfaces using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D). The properties of nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, BET, TPD, and HRTEM. Heptol 70 asphaltenes, pre‐adsorbed/deposited on SiO2 sensors were used for studying the concentration effect of 10 nm‐sized BN‐based nanofluids, which exhibited a decreasing trend in frequency shift in the following order 1 > 10 > 25 mg/L. For toluene asphaltenes, the frequency shifts in BN nanofluids changed with the following order of concentration 100 > 150 > 50 > 25 mg/L. The effect of particle size on frequency shift, tested for toluene asphaltenes demonstrated the following order 10 > 99 > 45 > 20 nm BN. A cycle injection test between asphaltenes and a nanofluid solution was performed to evaluate the effect of the nanoparticles in a sequence injection. Wettability alteration was assessed before and after nanofluid injection using contact angle measurements, which resulted in a decrease after nanofluid injection. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed on some of the samples to support the findings. The QSense data analysis software Q‐Tools was used to determine the thickness of the layer before and after the injection of nanofluids; the trend was similar to the change in frequency for all parameters. Finally, brine‐based nanofluids with 10 nm‐sized BN at 1 and 100 mg/L were more effective in treating the deposited asphaltenes in heptol 70 and toluene, respectively.
Experimental studies of catalyst deactivation due to carbon and sulphur during CO2 reforming of CH4 over Ni washcoated monolith in the presence of H2S
Authors: Pawar Vivek , Ponugoti Prakash V. , Janardhanan Vinod M. , Appari Srinivas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study presents the CO2 reforming of CH4 over Ni coated monolith catalyst at 800°C and 101.325 kPa. The high CH4 to CO2 ratio employed in this study is similar to the CH4:CO2 ratio of >1 found in biogas. Cordierite monolith samples (0.258 channels per m2) washcoated with alumina are used for the experimental purpose. The study considers the combined deactivation effect due to sulphur poisoning and fouling due to carbon deposition. Four different cases with respect to the introduction and removal of H2S are considered. The rate of deactivation due to simultaneous carbon deposition and sulphur poisoning is much faster than the individual poisoning processes. The catalyst shows almost stable operation for 6 h without the presence of in the feed stream. From the conversion studies, it appears that the pre‐treatment of catalyst samples with H2S leads to negligible sulphur coverage. The sulphur poisoning effect is also found to be reversible.
Gelation Kinetics‐Structure Analysis of pH‐triggered Low Molecular Weight Hydrogelators
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Vasudevan , Chockalingam Cindhuja , Mendes Eduardo , van Esch Jan H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProperties such as shear modulus, gelation time, structure of supramolecular hydrogels are strongly dependent on self‐assembly, gelation triggering mechanism and processes used to form the gel. In our work we extend reported rheology analysis methodologies to pH‐triggered supramolecular gels to understand structural insight using a model system based on N−N’ Dibenzoyl‐L‐Cystine pH‐triggered hydrogelator and Glucono‐δ‐Lactone as the trigger. We observed that Avrami growth model when applied to time‐sweep rheological data of gels formed at lower trigger concentrations provide estimates of fractal dimension which agree well compared with visualization of the microstructure as seen via Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, for a range of gelator concentrations.