bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the substrate composition on the yield and nutritional value of the fruiting bodies of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Cyclocybe aegerita
Authors: Bandura I.I. , Kulyk A. S. , Makohon S. V. , Khareba O. V. , Khareba V. V. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To reveal the influence of the substrate compositions on technical indicators and the chemical composition of the fruiting bodies of the golden oyster mushroom and poplar mushroom.
Methods. The experimental design included cultivation of two species of wood-decay fungi Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer (strain 2161 IVK) and Cyclocybe aegerita (V.Brig.) Vizzini (strain 2230 IVK) on three variants of substrate composition. Laboratory, laboratory-production methods for evaluating the effectiveness of growing technology, chemical composition of the obtained raw materials, statistical methods of analysis were applied.
Results. The structure and composition of substrates affect the technological characteristics of the culture, physical and chemical properties of fruiting bodies. The shortest fruiting cycle of 35.2 ± 1.7 days was determined for C. aegerita under growing conditions on SC1 substrate which formula included «straw, husks, pellet, rapeseed, corn, and CaCO3» in the ratio of 30: 40: 70: 20: 20: 1. The highest yield (170.5 ± 15.2 g per 1 kg of substrate) in the experiment was determined for P. citrinopileatus on the SC1 substrate composed of «straw / pellets / rapeseed / corn / CaCO3» in the ratio 40: 90: 20: 25: 1. Fruiting bodies of P. citrinopileatus obtained from the SC3 substrate composed of «pellets / rapeseed / corn / CaCO3» in the ratio 60: 110: 20: 30: 1 had the highest protein content – 22.47 ± 0.19%, and fruiting bodies from the SC1 substrate had the least amount of proteins – 17.38 ± 2.60%. Fruiting bodies of C. aegerita contained more lipids than those of P. citrinopileatus, but the factor of the influence of the substrate composition on the total amount of lipids for some cultivars was insignificant. The largest amount of endopolysaccharides was isolated from the fruiting bodies of C. aegerita (6.81 ± 0.41%) cultivated on SC3 substrate, and the smallest in the SC1 variant (1.38 ± 0.25%). The content of endopolysaccharides in the fruiting bodies of P. citrinopileatus had less variability from 2.54 ± 0.54 (SC3) to 4.72 ± 0.61% (SC1).
Conclusion. Substrate compositions significantly affect the biological efficiency of cultivars and the content of nutrients in fruiting bodies of the studied species. The obtained results enable producers of mushrooms to predict the production efficiency and quality of grown mushrooms in accordance with the use of available raw materials.
Assessment of smallholder farmers’ perception and adaptation response to climate change in the Olifants catchment, South Africa
Authors: Olabanji Mary Funke , Davis Nerhene , Ndarana Thando , Kuhudzai Anesu Gelfand , Mahlobo Dawn 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate change is expected to affect the livelihood of rural farmers in South Africa, particularly the smallholder farmers, due to their overwhelming dependence on rain-fed agriculture. This study examines smallholder farmers' perception of climate change, the adaptation strategies adopted and factors that influence their adaptive decisions. The unit of data collection was household interview and focus group discussion. Climate data for the Olifants catchment (1986–2015) were also collected to validate farmers' perception of climate change with actual climate trend. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Mann–Kendall trend, Sen's slope estimator and multinomial logit regression model. Results revealed that smallholder farmers are aware of climate change (98%), their perception of these changes aligns with actual meteorological data, as the Mann–Kendall test confirms a decreasing inter-annual rainfall trend (−0.172) and an increasing temperature trend (0.004). These changes in temperature and precipitation have prompted the adoption of various adaptation responses, among which the use of improved seeds, application of chemical fertilizer and changing planting dates were the most commonly practised. The main barriers to the adoption of adaptation strategies were lack of access to credit facility, market, irrigation, information about climate change and lack of extension service. The implication of this study is to provide information to policy-makers on the current adaptation responses adopted by farmers and ways in which their adaptive capacity can be improved in order to ensure food security.
A standardized method to measure the longitudinal UV emittance of low-pressure-lamps in dependence of water temperature
Authors: Schmalwieser Alois W. , Hirschmann Georg , Eggers Jutta , Sommer Regina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The high level of acceptance of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for water disinfection in the past decade is due to the development of quality standards, especially for drinking water disinfection in Europe (Austrian Standards Institute, German Standards Institute). The central parts of a UV-disinfection device are the UV lamps. Despite their importance, their characterisation and quality assurance is far from being a matter of course and had not been regulated so far. This holds especially with regard to their temperature behaviour. The UV radiation (UVR) emittance of Mercury-Low-Pressure- and Amalgam-Low-Pressure-lamps (LP-lamps) depends on temperature. Each lamp type has its own optimal temperature where UVR emittance is highest. At lower or higher temperatures, UVR emittance is reduced. Additionally LP-lamps do not emit homogeneously along their length and this emission profile can change with temperature. In this paper, we present a standardized method to measure the UVR emittance of LP-lamps along the length in water in dependence of water temperature. This method has been included in the updated Austrian standard ÖNORM M 5873-1 (2020) and in the new release DIN 19294-1 (2020). With this method, the UVR emittance of LP-lamps can be characterized and different types of lamps can be compared.
Sludge char-to-fuel approaches based on the hydrothermal fueling IV: fermentation
Authors: Qin Jinyi , Zhang Rui , Yang Ruiwen , Fang Jiao , Zhang Yu , Li Xiaoguang , Gao Junfa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sewage sludge was subjected to hydrothermal fueling (HTF) (330 °C for 40 min), obtaining hydrochar at 13.5 MJ kg−1. The higher heating value (HHV) of the raw sludge was related to its fatty acid content. The results showed that although the higher heating value (HHV) of the raw sludge was related to its fatty acid content, with the intensification of HTF, the increase in aliphatic/cyclic amino acids determined the production of HHV in the hydrochar. In order to increase the content of fatty acids and amino acids, the sludge was fermented. However, the Bacteroidetes consumed the organic matter too early, which was detrimental to the production of HHV. Therefore, appropriate sludge fermentation is recommended to restrict excessive Bacteroidetes proliferation, decompose lipids to saturated fatty acids, and convert proteins to aliphatic/cyclic amino acids to increase the efficiency of converting sludge to fuel.
Targeting Chikungunya Virus Entry: Alternatives for New Inhibitors
in Drug Discovery
Authors: Silva Leandro Rocha , Rodrigues Érica Erlanny da Silva , Taniele-Silva Jamile , Anderson Letícia , Araújo-Júnior João Xavier de , Bassi Ênio José , Silva-Júnior Edeildo F. da 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an Alphavirus (Togaviridae) responsible for
Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) that is mainly characterized by a severe polyarthralgia, in
which it is transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes.
Nowadays, there are no licensed vaccines or approved drugs to specifically treat this
viral disease. Structural viral proteins participate in key steps of its replication cycle, such
as viral entry, membrane fusion, nucleocapsid assembly, and virus budding. In this context,
envelope E3-E2-E1 glycoproteins complex could be targeted for designing new drug
candidates. In this review, aspects of the CHIKV entry mechanism are discussed to provide
insights into assisting the drug discovery process. Moreover, several naturals, naturebased
and synthetic compounds, as well as repurposed drugs and virtual screening are also
explored as alternatives for developing CHIKV entry inhibitors. Finally, we provided a
complementary analysis of studies involving inhibitors that were not explored by in silico
methods. Based on this, Phe118, Val179, and Lys181 were found to be the most frequent residues,
being present in 89.6, 82.7, and 93.1% of complexes, respectively. Lastly, some
chemical aspects associated with interactions of these inhibitors and mature envelope E3-
E2-E1 glycoproteins’ complex were discussed to provide data for scientists worldwide,
supporting their search for new inhibitors against this emerging arbovirus.
The Role of FTO in Tumors and Its Research Progress
Authors: Wei Hao , Li Zhen , Liu Fang , Wang Yang , Ding Shi , Chen Ye , Liu Ju 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Malignant tumor is a disease that seriously threatens human health.
At present, more and more research results show that the pathogenesis of different tumors is
very complicated, and the methods of clinical treatment are also diverse. This review analyzes
and summarizes the role of fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene in different
tumors, and provides a reference value for research and drug treatment methods.

Method:
We conducted a comprehensive literature search using the database. According
to the main purpose of the article, irrelevant articles were excluded from the research
summary and included in the relevant articles. Finally, the relevant information of the article
was summarized.

Result:
In this article, the relationship between malignant tumors and FTO is introduced
by citing many documents. In addition, the inhibitors that act on FTO are listed.

Conclusion:
This article has shown that FTO protein is a demethylase that can regulate
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels in mRNA and plays a key role in the progression and
resistance of various tumors such as leukemia, breast cancer, and lung cancer.
Tryptophan Metabolism in Atherosclerosis and Diabetes
Authors: Sudar-Milovanovic Emina , Gluvic Zoran , Obradovic Milan , Zaric Bozidarka , Isenovic Esma R. 
Published: July 2021

:
The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) undergoes catabolism through several
pathways, producing biologically active metabolites that significantly impact physiological
processes. The metabolic pathway responsible for the majority of Trp catabolism
is the kynurenine synthesis pathway (KP). Serotonin and melatonin are among the most
essential Trp pathways degradation products. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists
between alterations in Trp metabolism and the onset and progression of atherosclerosis
and diabetes.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the small and medium arteries wall
caused by maladaptive local immune responses, which underpins several cardiovascular
diseases (CVD). Systemic low-grade immune-mediated inflammation is implicated in
atherosclerosis where pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), play a
significant role. IFN-γ upregulates the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), decreasing
serum levels of the Trp and increasing metabolite levels of kynurenine. Increased
IDO expression and activity could accelerate the atherosclerosis process. Therefore, activated
IDO inhibition could offer possible treatment options regarding atherosclerosis
management. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia
that, over time, leads to severe damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and peripheral
nerves. Trp serum levels and lower activity of IDO were higher in future type 2
diabetes (T2DM) patients. This article reviews recent findings on the link between mammalian
Trp metabolism and its role in atherosclerosis and diabetes and outlines the intervention
strategies.
Recent Advances on Multivalent Carbon Nanoform-Based Glycoconjugates
Authors: Ramos-Soriano Javier , Ghirardello Mattia , Galan M. Carmen 
Published: July 2021

:
Multivalent carbohydrate-mediated interactions are key to many biological processes including
disease mechanisms. In order to study these important glycan-mediated interactions at a molecular
level, carbon nanoforms such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes or graphene and their derivatives have
been identified as promising biocompatible scaffolds that can mimic the multivalent presentation of
biologically relevant glycans. In this mini-review, we will summarize the most relevant examples of the
last few years in the context of their applications.
Microglia NLRP3 Inflammasomes Activation Involving Diabetic Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Mice and BV2 Cells
Authors: Li Yuan , Zhang Haifeng , Liu Mingyuan , Guo Weiying , Yu Lu 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Hyperglycemia-induced microglia activation can cause a continuous release of proinflammatory
cytokines, which gradually damages neurons and contributes to central diabetic neuroinflammation.

Objective:
This study aimed to illustrate the possible mechanism related to NLRP3 inflammasome and the aggravation
of diabetes neuroinflammation.

Methods:
The targeted proteins from BV2 cells and brain tissues were tested by Western blot or immunohistochemistry.
Cytokines from cell supernatant and serum were detected by ELISA. Meanwhile, cytoplasm and mitochondria
ROS were determined by DCFHDA and Mito sox Red, respectively.

Results:
In vitro, BV2 cells were stimulated by different glucose concentrations (5.5 to 65 mM/L) above physiological
values and maintained for different periods (12 to 48h). The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL18,
IL6, TNFα and cytoplasm ROS were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, while mitochondrial
ROS was unaffected. NLRP3 inflammasomes, MAPKs, and NF-κB pathways were obviously activated at the
concentration of 35 mM/L for 12h. Inhibition assay using specific inhibitors indicated that the treatment of glucose
(35 mM/L for 12h) could stimulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation via ROS/JNK MAPKs/NF-κB pathway.
In STZ induced diabetes mice models, microglia NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 proteins were highly expressed,
and serum cytokines IL-1β, IL6, IL18, and TNFα were remarkably increased.

Conclusion:
Microglia NLRP3 inflammasomes activation involves diabetic neuroinflammation in diabetic
mice and BV2 cells via ROS/JNK MAPKs/NF-κB pathways.
TNF-α Inhibitors from Natural Compounds: An Overview, CADD Approaches, and their Exploration for Anti-inflammatory Agents
Authors: da Silva-Júnior Edeildo Ferreira , dos Santos Nascimento Igor José 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:Inflammation is a natural process that occurs in the organism in response to harmful external agents. Despite being considered beneficial, exaggerated cases can cause severe problems for the body. The main inflammatory manifestations are pain, increased temperature, edema, decreased mobility, and quality of life for affected individuals. Diseases such as arthritis, cancer, allergies, infections, arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic problems are mainly characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response. Inflammation is related to two categories of substances: pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Among the pro-inflammatory mediators is Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). It is associated with immune diseases, cancer, and psychiatric disorders which increase its excretion. Thus, it becomes a target widely used in discovering new antiinflammatory drugs. In this context, secondary metabolites biosynthesized by plants have been used for thousands of years and continue to be one of the primary sources of new drug scaffolds against inflammatory diseases. To decrease costs related to the drug discovery process, Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) techniques are broadly explored to increase the chances of success. In this review, the main natural compounds derived from alkaloids, flavonoids, terpene, and polyphenols as promising TNF-α inhibitors will be discussed. Finally, we applied a molecular modeling protocol involving all compounds described here, suggesting that their interactions with Tyr59, Tyr119, Tyr151, Leu57, and Gly121 residues are essential for the activity. Such findings can be useful for research groups worldwide to design new anti-inflammatory TNF-α inhibitors.
Inhibitory Potential of Dietary Nutraceuticals on Cellular PI3K/Akt Signaling: Implications in Cancer Prevention and Therapy
Authors: Narayanankutty Arunaksharan 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mechanistic
target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling has been associated with many cellular physiological
events, such as proliferation, maturation, survival, and metabolism. Besides its role in normal cells,
the pathway is often upregulated in various cancers. Due to its prominent role in the cancer progression
events, it is now being considered as a target for cancer therapy and cancer chemoprevention.

Objectives:
The present review provides a concise outline of the role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
in carcinogenesis and progression events, including metastasis, drug resistance and stemness.
Further, emphasis needs to be placed on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitory potentials of various
food-derived bioactive components in cancer prevention.

Methods:
Data on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibiting natural products and their bioactive compounds
have been obtained from PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Eurekaselect, etc. Findings from the above citation
databases from 2000-2021 are included in the manuscript.

Results:
Numerous compounds from plants have been isolated and identified as anticancer agents;
among these, a predominant class is nutraceuticals. The PI3K pathway is the predominant target of
these natural products, and many of these drug candidates are under various stages of drug development.
These compounds have shown a significant inhibitory effect on the kinase activities of PI3K
and Akt, resulting in the abrogation of cancer initiation and progression events. In addition, these
compounds have been shown to reverse the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and also reduce
the population of cancer stem cells.

Conclusion:
The nutraceuticals are promising candidates as anticancer agents by blocking PI3K
signaling cascades. As the PI3K is a central pathway to various receptors signaling, the dietary intervention
may prove to be highly effective.
Indicators of Obesity and Cardio-metabolic Risks: Important Consideration in Adults and Children
Authors: Soheilipour Fahimeh , Hatami Mahsa , Salehiniya Hamid , Alaei Mohammadreza 
Published: July 2021

:The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased all over the world. Body mass index (BMI) has been used as the most common available measure to determining obesity status. While the site of excessive fat mass accumulation is a stronger determinant of cardio-metabolic complication, with respect to systemic and generalized obesity, which is only determined through BMI. So, it is concluded that using traditional anthropometric indices such as BMI for interpreting the obesity status and cardio-metabolic risk has considerable limitations. Thus, the main aims of the present study are to discuss possible drawbacks of anthropometric indices especially BMI, which in epidemiological studies are usually neglected, as well as lend important consideration to using other anthropometric indices such as measurement of obesity and related cardio-metabolic complications with a special emphasis on the use of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio.
Gangliocytic Paraganglioma of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Case Report of Cecal Origin
Authors: Seo Geojeong , Park Jinyoung , Lee Eunjoo , Han Jiyeon , Kim Dasom , Kim Donghyun , Park Jungwon , Kwag Minha , Jung Soojin 
Published: July 2021

Introduction::
Gangliocytic paraganglioma is an extremely rare tumor that is composed
of epithelioid, ganglion, and spindle cells. It has a predilection site in the duodenum, especially the
periampullary region. The clinical course is usually benign, but a few cases of metastasis to lymph
nodes or distant sites have been noted. Several case reports or small series reviews of gangliocytic
paraganglioma have been published, but so far, cecal gangliocytic paraganglioma has not been described.

Case description:
A 61-year-old man underwent an abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scan
for known GB stones, which revealed an incidental cecal mass. The patient underwent wedge resection
of the cecum for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Histopathological examination of the cecal
mass identified a gangliocytic paraganglioma. There was no evidence of metastasis in the dissected
regional lymph nodes. No additional treatment, such as adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy,
was administered, and the patient underwent regular follow-up without any complications.

Conclusion:
The most common radiologic finding in gangliocytic paraganglioma is a circumscribed,
enhancing subepithelial mass. Herein, we report an uncommon case of cecal-origin gangliocytic
paraganglioma. With knowledge of the radiologic and histologic characteristics of gangliocytic
paraganglioma, appropriate management can be provided without unnecessary radical resection.
Memórias do centenário de Clarice Lispector nos acervos digitais / Memories of Clarice Lispector's centenary in digital collections
Authors: Bacega Débora Regina 
Published: July 2021

Resumo: Este artigo discorre sobre as práticas transversais da memória que circularam nas redes digitais durante a comemoração do centenário da escritora Clarice Lispector no ano de 2020. Nota-se que essas práticas acionam tanto acervos pessoais quanto editoriais da autora nas teias comunicacionais. Nesse ínterim, o fazer-memória se faz pela reapresentação das narrativas compreendidas nesses acervos. Assim, busca-se problematizar como essas práticas corroboram com a rememoração da autora e sua obra também na ambiência digital. Para tanto, aciona-se reflexões de estudiosos dos aspectos comunicacionais, arquivísticos e socioculturais da memória. Neste estudo de caso, adota-se como corpus os lançamentos comemorativos do site.claricelispector.ims.com.br, do Podcast da Clarice, da hashtag #365diasdeClarice nas redes sociais Facebook e Instagram e das edições especiais dos livros da escritora. Espera-se demonstrar como essas práticas comunicacionais e da memória podem contribuir para a renovação periódica do acervo literário e cultural de Clarice Lispector também no tempo presente. Palavras-chave: memória, acervo digital; literatura; centenário; Clarice Lispector. Abstract: In the meantime, memory-making is done by re-presenting the narratives included in these collections. Thus, the purpose is to comprehend how these practices corroborate the remembrance of the author and her work also in the digital environment. For this, reflections from scholars of the communicational, archival and socio-cultural aspects of memory are triggered. In this case study, commemorative inaugurations of site.claricelispector.ims.com.br, Clarice Podcast, hashtag # 365diasdeClarice on the social networks Facebook and Instagram and special editions of the writer's books are adopted as corpus. It is expected to demonstrate how these communication and memory practices can contribute to the periodic renewal of Clarice Lispector's literary and cultural collection also in the present time. Keywords: memory; digital collection; literature; centenary; Clarice Lispector.