bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior Positioning Screw in Proximal Femoral Plating Restricts Posterior Tilt of Retroverted Femoral Neck Fractures: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nie Sheng-Bo , Liu Jun-Feng , Zhu Jiang-Hua , Zhou Zi-Fei , Zhang Lei , Zheng Long-Po 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Preoperative posterior tilt is a risk factor for fixation failure in femoral neck fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the configuration of anterior positioning screw in proximal femoral plating in the treatment of retroverted femoral neck fractures in terms of resisting posterior tilt.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with retroverted femoral neck fractures who were fixed by proximal femoral plating from January 2014 to August 2019. All patients were divided into two groups according to screw configuration: anterior long-threaded screw (ALTS, n = 36) and normally short-threaded screws (NTS, n = 46). Baseline characteristics were reviewed and radiological and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for developing posterior tilt.Results: Demographic data showed no significant difference. Increased posterior tilt was lower in the ALTS group (3.2°, 2.1 – 4.3°) than that in the NTS group (5.3°, 4.2 – 8.3°) (p < 0.001), and the percentage of people with > 5° of posterior tilt was also lower in the ALTS group (5, 13.9% vs. 24, 52.2%; p < 0.001). Femoral neck shortening (FNS) was lower in the ALTS group (3.1 (2.1 – 4.7) mm vs. 4.3 (3.1 – 6.3) mm, p = 0.003), though not statistically significant when using 5 mm as the cut-off value. Harris Hip Score in the ALTS group was higher than that in the NTS group (87.0, 84.0 – 90.0 vs. 82.0, 76.0 – 84.5; p < 0.001). Postoperative complications including delayed union, nonunion, and avascular necrosis were comparable between the groups. Multivariable analysis identified posterior comminution (OR 15.9, 95% CI 3.6 – 70.3, p < 0.001), suboptimal reduction quality (OR 12.0, 95% CI 2.6 – 56.1, p = 0.002), and NTS configuration (ref: ALTS configuration) (OR 21.9, 95% CI 4.1 – 116.4, p < 0.001) as risk factors for developing posterior tilt.Conclusions: Configuration of anterior positioning screw in proximal femoral plating provides better resistance against posterior tilt in the fixation of retroverted femoral neck fractures. Also, posterior comminution, suboptimal reduction, and NTS configuration (ref: ALTS) are risk factors for developing posterior tilt.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Outbreak and Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Martinez-Perez Rafael , Carroll Benjamin W , Duran Daniel , Neill James S , Luzardo Gustavo D , Zachariah Marcus A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background.

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by pituitary hemorrhage, often in the setting of a preexisting pituitary adenoma. Risk factors and mechanisms associated to PA are poorly understood. Although involvement of the nervous system in SARS-CoV-2 infection causing intracranial hemorrhagic complications has been documented, the association between COVID-19 infection and PA has yet to be determined.
Methods

. From a prospectively collected database of patients with pituitary adenomas, we retrospectively reviewed the electronical medical records and scans of patients with pituitary apoplexy during the COVID-19 outbreak, since March 2020 to December 2020, that were treated at a tertiary care center.
Results.

Herein, we report three consecutive cases of patients with PA and concomitant COVID-19 infection. Most common symptom at presentation was headache and visual worsening. Included patients were successfully treated with surgical decompression and medical management of the hormonal deficits, experiencing moderate to significant improvement of their visual symptoms at last follow up. COVID-19 infection in the perioperative period was corroborated throughout polymerase chain reaction testing in all patients.
Conclusions.

COVID-19 positive patients may be at an increased risk of developing PA. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors expressed in cerebrovascular endothelium may potentially play a role in the molecular mechanisms that induce changes of the vascular autoregulation and cerebral blood flow and predispose to pituitary hemorrhage in patients harboring a pituitary adenoma.
CFH Y402H and ARMS2 A69S Genes Polymorphism Role in Susceptibility to Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and its Complications
Authors: Aydinlou Zahra Hassanpour , Vaezi Helaleh , Bonyadi Mortaza , Rafat Abbas , bonyadi Mohammad hossein Jabbrpoor , Soheilian Masoud 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is the most common type of retinal detachment. Purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible association of ARMS2 A69S and CFH Y402H polymorphisms with RRD and its postoperative complications. Materials and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction for DNA replication followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism for enzyme digestion. RRD patients (102 cases) and healthy controls (150 individuals for ARMS2 and 94 individuals for CFH). The two polymorphisms were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) in a case-control study of 102 RRD patients and 150 controls to evaluate the possible association of ARMS2 A69S and CFH Y402H polymorphism with RRD susceptibility.Results: The genotypes frequencies for ARMS2 A69S and CFH Y402H found to be significantly different between RRD and normal controls (ARMS2 A69S 42.1%vs 32.7%, OR =1.69, p< 0.036 for GT and, CFH Y402H 10.8% vs 6.4%, OR=4.17, p=0.01 for CC genotype and 67.6% vs 40.4%, OR=4.13, p< 0.0001 for CT genotype). The ARMS2 A69S GT genotype showed significant association with postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME) (OR=3.11, P = 0.0039).Conclusions: ARMS2 A69S and CFH Y402H showed significant association with RRD. The ARMS2 A69S GT genotype was also associated with postoperative cystoid macular edema.
Administration of Statins Can Improve Survival and Coagulation Function in Patients with Severe COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Tian-yu , Zhou Yun , Yang Chao-fan , Ji Wen-ting , Fang Yong , Chen Yi-jian , Zhao Yue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a global epidemic posing threat to public health. Without specific drugs and therapies, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of currently applicable drugs.This study was a retrospective analysis of the effect of the administration of statins on survival in patients with severe COVID-19.Design: This study was a retrospective analysis of data collected in the ICU of Tongji Hospital affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) during the COVID-19 outbreak.Data from69 patients with severe COVID-19 treated in the ICU from February to March 2020 were collected for the analysis.Patients with severe COVID-19 were treated with the standard of care at the time, and some patients were also treated with statins.Results: Sixty-four patients with complete records were enrolled in the final stage of analysis. Statin administration had a beneficial effect on the overall survival of the patients. The statin administration cohorthad a significantly shorter activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) according to t-tests. The aPTT and PT were also stable, as shown by locally weighted smoothing (LOESS) analysis. The use of statins combined with corticosteroids, anti-coagulants and anti-hypertensive drugs had a relatively greater effect on survival.Conclusions: Statins can be therapeutic agents that may promote patient survival, possibly by improving coagulation function. Trial registration: HIRB 2020-1119 September 11th, 2020, retrospectively registered.
Design and System Evaluation of a Dual-Panel Portable PET (DP-PET)
Authors: Zeng Tianyi , Zheng Jiaxu , Xia Xinyuan , Chen Xin , Wang Beien , Zhang Shuangyue , Chandler Adam , Cao Tuoyu , Hu Lingzhi , Chen Qun , Chu Xu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Integrated whole-body PET/MR technology continues to mature and is now extensively used in clinical setting. However, due to the special design architecture, integrated whole-body PET/MR comes with a few inherent limitations. Firstly, whole-body PET/MR lacks sensitivity and resolution for focused organs. Secondly, boarder clinical access of integrated PET/MR has been significantly restricted due to its prohibitively high cost. The MR-compatible PET insert is a low cost and flexible PET scanner which can be placed within an MRI bore. However, mobility and configurability of all existing MR-compatible PET insert prototypes remain limited. Methods: An MR-compatible portable PET insert prototype, Dual-panel Portable PET (DP-PET), has been developed for simultaneous PET/MR imaging. Using SiPM, digital readout electronics, novel carbon fiber shielding, phase-change cooling and MRI compatible battery power, DP-PET was designed to achieve high-sensitivity and high-resolution with compatibility with a clinical 3T MRI scanner. A GPU-based reconstruction method with Resolution Modelling (RM) has been developed for the DP-PET reconstruction. We evaluated the system performance on PET resolution, sensitivity, image quality and the PET/MR interference. Results: Initial results reveal that the DP-PET prototype worked as expected in the MRI bore and caused minimal compromise to the MRI image quality. The PET performance was measured to show a spatial resolution <= 2mm (parallel to the detector panels), maximum sensitivity =3.6% at the center of FOV and energy resolution = 12.43%. MRI pulsing introduces less than 1% variation to the PET performance measurement results. Conclusions: We developed a MR-compatible PET insert prototype and performed several studies to begin to characterize the performance of the proposed DP-PET.The results showed that the proposed DP-PET performed well in the MRI bore and would cause little influence on the MRI images. The Derenzo phantom test showed that the proposed reconstruction method could obtained high quality images using DP-PET.
Highly Sensitive Salinity and Temperature Sensor Using Tamm Resonance
Authors: Zaky Zaky A. , Aly Arafa H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a Tamm plasmons resonance-based sensor is theoretically studied to calculate the salinity of seawater as well as a temperature sensor based on photonic crystals. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to systematically study and analyze the reflected s-polarized electromagnetic waves from the sensing structure. The proposed structure composes of prism/Au/water/(Si/SiO2)N/Si. The sensitivity, figure-of-merit, quality factor, and detection limit of the sensors are improved by optimizing the thickness of the seawater layer, incident angle, salinity concentration, and temperature. The proposed salinity sensor records a very high sensitivity of 8.5x104 nm/RIU and quality factor of 3x103, and a very low detection limit of 10-7 nm. Besides, the suggested temperature sensor achieves high sensitivity (from 2.8 nm/˚C to 10.8 nm/˚C), high-quality factor of 3.5x103, and a very low detection limit of 3x10-7 nm. These results indicate that the proposed sensor is a strong candidate for salinity and temperature measurements.
Effect of Structural Characteristics on Magnetic Behavior of Highly-Pure NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmed Sohaib , Hussain Farouq I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, the sol-gel and dc reactive magnetron sputtering techniques were used to prepare nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NiFe2O4 NPs). In the sol-gel method, citric acid was used as a fuel to decompose metal complexes at a low temperature. The nanoparticle size of NiFe2O4 structures prepared by the dc reactive magnetron sputtering was smaller (∼31 nm) than those prepared by the sol-gel method (∼47 nm). The effects of the structural characteristics on the magnetic behavior of these nanoparticles were introduced by the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements performed at room temperature. It was found that the nanoparticles synthesized by the sol-gel process exhibit ferromagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization 30.02 emu/g, while those synthesized by dc reactive magnetron sputtering exhibit superparamagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of 27.05 emu/g. This difference is attributed to the quantum size effect resulted from the decrease in nanoparticle size.
48-Year-Old Female MUTYH Carrier Presenting with Five Concurrent Primary Cancers.
Authors: Arroyave Aaron , Nodit Laurentia , Clegg Devin John , Russ Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) is a rare, and only recently described disorder resulting from mutations in genes encoding enzymes involved in DNA mismatch repair. These mutations result in an increased susceptibility to colonic adenomatosis as well as a variety of cancers. In current literature, studies have examined the frequencies of extracolonic manifestations of this disorder. However, these manifestations typically occur alone concurrently, or temporally separate from an already diagnosed colorectal cancer in individuals with a bi-allelic mutation. Case Presentation: 48-year-old female with five distinct primary neoplasms presenting simultaneously in a patient mono-allelic for an MYH mutation, and only a single gastrointestinal polyp. Family history included colon, rectal, and lung cancer. Her past medical history included obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and a large ventral hernia was noted on examination. She initially presented with a several-month history of an enlarging pruritic labial mass found to represent a high grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasm for which a radical right partial vulvectomy was performed. Final pathology demonstrated a stage IB squamous cell carcinoma. At follow-up, the patient complained of fecal incontinence. To evaluate this, upper and lower endoscopies were performed which demonstrated a large rectal mass representing adenocarcinoma characterized by a low probability of microsatellite instability and an anal mass representing a second adenocarcinoma. An asymptomatic thyroid mass was discovered with pathology demonstrating papillary thyroid carcinoma. During her en bloc surgical resections of previously mentioned malignancies, a left ovarian serous implant of psammocarcinoma was identified. Scattered foci of low-grade serous carcinoma (psammomatous carcinoma) were found within the ventral hernia sac tissue.Conclusions: The disparate and aggressive presentation of this case serves two purposes; to highlight the importance of a thorough workup in patients with oncologic presentations suspicious for genetic aberration, and to highlight how variable expressivity can lead to unpredictable presentations necessitating a broad differential diagnosis.
Recommendation of Neurorehabilitation according to the Padovan-Method Neurofunctional Reorganisation® for treating neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Eisenmeier Dimitri Vogel born , Ostermann Thomas , Vogel Hannah , Loskamp Kathrin , Fetz Katharina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The PADOVAN-METHOD NEUROFUNCTIONAL REORGANI­SATION® is a promising approach in speech therapy for treating neuro­developmental disorders of traumatic or congenital origin. Its use is based on a long-time experience of certified therapists; however, its efficacy and safety has not yet been assessed in a systematic review. This report aims to gain evidence for the use of the therapy method. Methods: Guidelines of PRISMA, the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, MECIR and GRADE were followed. General databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, AWMF, Anthromedics) and additional 38 databases including grey literature were searched. Hand search was also done and experts were contacted to retrieve unpublished manuscripts. All trials investigating the effect of the method in comparison to either no intervention, alternative as state of the art or placebo intervention in English, Portuguese and German language were included. No restriction regarding study design was applied. Data related to the intervention outcome and the study method was extracted and analysed idependently. Risk of Bias was assessed using ROBINS-I for non-RCTs, adherence to CARE-Guidelines was analysed for case series or reports and keeping the Declaration of Helsinki was checked for all items. Results are presented both in evidence profiles and summary of findings tables according to GRADE. Results: Amongst 98 records assessed for eligibility, and four studies and 14 case reports were identified as appropriate for analysis with a total of n = 196 participants. Duration of reported interventions was between two days and two years. Microcephalia, down-syndrome, unspecified neurological disorders and myo-functional disorders were the main conditions of the patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Only indirect overlapping of operationalised criteria was found; therefore conclusions are limited. Conclusion: The Padovan-Method® is a holistic therapy approach claiming feasibility to a large group of disorders making proof of efficacy difficult. An application of therapy according to the Padovan-Method® by trained therapists might be considered by clinicians (weak recommendation), and a contribution to the relief of symptoms or improvements of the conditions might be gained. Therefore, development and validation of therapy protocols and further investigation are required. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42020156124.
Will China's water resources be safe in 2030?
Authors: Guo Lishuo , Wang Lifang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is distinct from existing studies on water resources carrying capacity which usually use dimensionless data to represent trend and status of water resources carrying capacity. Here, on the grounds of the most stringent water resource management system and following the principles of water determining population, water determining city scale, water determining production and so on, water resources carrying capacity prediction model was established. The water resources carrying capacity was represented by population, which can directly reflect the status of water resources. Under the rigid constraints of water use quantity and water use efficiency, six scenarios were set to predict China's maximum population in 2030. The results demonstrated that the maximum population in each scenario is close to 1.45 billion of National Population Development Plan. It means water resources rigid constraints can support population and economic growth at the socio-economic development current pace and path. Total water use quantity will not break through the limit of 800–900 billion m3 when achieving the expected goals of social and economic development, not even more than 700 billion m3. Meanwhile, in order to relieve water resources stress, to improve water resources carrying capacity, and to accelerate construction of a water-saving society, some suggestions were put forward.
Lessons Learned from the Covid-19 Outbreak and its Impact: A Generalized Study
Authors: Veer Karan , Gupta Sakshi 
Published: March 2021

:
An infectious disease emerged from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and then spread
to many countries worldwide. Initially, it was named Coronavirus disease 2019, and then it was
called COVID-19. COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with 60.2 million confirmed cases and a
leading health concern for the public worldwide. Mainly middle and old-aged people are being
hospitalized and are dying across the affected countries. More than 1.42 million people have been
deceased, and more than 41.5 million people have been recovered. Almost all the countries are
fighting against the transmission of the virus by restricting travel and other daily life activities.
Coronavirus outbreak causes many psychological disorders, such as fear of infection and death.

:
On the other hand, COVID-19 has resulted in some positive consequences on the environment due
to restricted human activities. Environmental conditions, including air quality, global warming,
water quality, change of biodiversity and ecosystem, and many more parameters, show a significant
improvement in the meteorological graph. The overall environmental pollution has been reduced,
and the earth is healing itself.
PROTACs: A Hope for Breast Cancer Patients?
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Chaudhary Gaurav , Kaur Amritpal , Singh Pargat , Longowal Gagan Deep , Sapkale Gayatri P. , Arora Sandeep 
Published: March 2021

Background:Breast Cancer (BC) is the most widely recognized disease in women. A massive number of women are diagnosed with breast cancer and many lost their lives every year. Cancer is the subsequent driving reason for dying, giving rise to it one of the current medication's most prominent difficulties.Objectives:The main objective of the study is to examine and explore novel therapy (PROTAC) and its effectiveness against breast cancer.Methods:The literature search was done across Medline, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online, Google Scholar, PubMed, Bentham Sciences from 2001 to 2020. The articles were collected; screened, segregated, and selected papers were included for writing the review article.Results and Conclusion:A novel innovation emerged around two decades ago that has great potential to not only overcome the limitations but also can provide future direction for the treatment of many diseases which has presently not many therapeutic options available and regarded as incurable with traditional techniques; that innovation is called PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimera) and able to efficaciously ubiquitinate and debase cancer encouraging proteins by noncovalent interaction. PROTACs are constituted of two active regions isolated by a linker and equipped for eliminating explicit undesirable protein. It is empowering greater sensitivity to "drug-resistant targets" as well as a more prominent opportunity to influence non-enzymatic function. PROTACs have been demonstrated to show better target selectivity contrasted with traditional small-molecule inhibitors. So far, the most investigation into PROTACs possesses particularly concentrated on applications to cancer treatment including breast cancer, the treatment of different ailments may profit from this blossoming innovation.
Green Synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazinedione-2-carbonitriles in the Presence of L-proline
Authors: Habibi Davood , Shojaei Saeedeh , Heydari Somayyeh 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Pyrazolophthalazinedione derivatives show various biological activities
such as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-coagulant, anti-convulsant, anti-fungal, anti-hypoglycemic,
anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-viral, cardiotonic, cytotoxic and vasorelaxant activities.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to synthesize compounds that have various medicinal
properties.

Methods:
Diverse 3-amino-5,10-dioxo-1-phenyl-5,10-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthal-azine-2--
carbonitriles were synthesized from the one-pot three components green synthesis of phthalhydrazides,
aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile in the presence of the proline organocatalyst in
ethanol at reflux conditions in excellent yields.

Results:
Proline was used as an efficient organocatalyst for the one-pot three components green
synthesis of diverse pyrazolophthalazinecarbonitriles. In the absence of the proline organocatalyst,
the yield was very low. Also, electron withdrawing or electron releasing groups don’t have a meaningful
effect on the reaction times and the structures of all products were in agreement with their
IR and NMR spectra.

Conclusion:
In the IR spectra, the appearance of the sharp NH2 and the CN peaks at about 3300
and 2300 cm-1, respectively confirm formation of the products.