bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Th22 cell numbers in a general pediatric population with filaggrin haploinsufficiency: The Generation R Study
Authors: Looman Kirsten I. M. , van Mierlo Minke M. F. , van Zelm Menno C. , Hu Chen , Duijts Liesbeth , de Jongste Johan C. , Nijsten Tamar , Pardo Luba M. , Kiefte‐de Jong Jessica C. , Moll Henriëtte A. , Pasmans Suzanne G. M. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) affect epidermal barrier function and increase the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD). We hypothesized that FLG mutations affect immune cell composition in a general pediatric population. Therefore, we investigated whether school‐aged children with and without FLG mutations have differences in T‐ and B‐cell subsets.MethodsThis study was embedded in a population‐based prospective cohort study, the Generation R Study, and included 523 children of European genetic ancestry aged 10 years. The most common FLG mutations in the European population (R501X, S1085CfsX36, R2447X, and S3247X) were genotyped. Additionally, 11‐color flow cytometry was performed on peripheral blood samples to determine helper T (Th), regulatory T (Treg), and CD27+ and CD27‐ memory B cells. Subset analysis was performed in 358 non‐AD and 102 AD cases, assessed by parental questionnaires.ResultsFLG mutations were observed in 8.4% of the total population and in 15.7% of the AD cases. Children with any FLG mutation had higher Th22 cell numbers compared to FLG wild‐type children in the general and non‐AD population. Children with and without FLG mutations had no difference in Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, or memory B‐cell numbers. Furthermore, in children with AD, FLG mutation carriership was not associated with differences in T‐ and B‐cell subsets.ConclusionsSchool‐aged children of a general population with FLG mutations have higher Th22 cell numbers, which reflects the immunological response to the skin barrier dysfunction. FLG mutations did not otherwise affect the composition of the adaptive immunity in this general pediatric population.
Lactated Ringer's solution versus normal saline in pediatric living‐donor liver transplantation: A matched retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dai Wan‐bing , Chen Ling‐ke , Qi Si‐yi , Pan Zhi‐ying , Zhang Xiao , Huang Li‐li , Zhao Yan‐hua , Tian Jie , Yu Wei‐feng , Yang Li‐qun , Su Dian‐san 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn pediatric living‐donor liver transplantation, lactated Ringer's solution and normal saline are commonly used for intraoperative fluid management, but the comparative clinical outcomes remain uncertain.AimsTo compare the effect between lactated Ringer's solution and normal saline for intraoperative volume replacement on clinical outcomes among pediatric living‐donor liver transplantation patients.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective trial study enrolled children who received either lactated Ringer's solution or normal saline during living‐donor liver transplantation between January 2010 and August 2016. The groups with comparable clinical characteristics were balanced by propensity score matching. The primary outcome was 90‐day all‐cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes included early allograft dysfunction, primary nonfunction, acute renal injury, and hospital‐free days (days alive postdischarge within 30 days of liver transplantation).ResultsWe included 333 pediatric patients who met the entry criteria for analysis. Propensity score matching identified 61 patients in each group. After matching, the lactated Ringer's solution group had a higher 90‐day mortality rate than the normal saline group (11.5% vs. 0.0%). Early allograft dysfunction and primary nonfunction incidences were also more frequent in the lactated Ringer's solution group (19.7% and 11.5%, respectively) than in the normal saline group (3.3% and 0.0%, respectively). In the lactated Ringer's solution group, four (6.6%) recipients developed acute renal injury within 7 days postoperatively compared with three (4.9%) recipients in the normal saline group. Hospital‐free days did not differ between groups (9 days [1–13] vs. 9 days [0–12]).ConclusionsFor intraoperative fluid management in pediatric living‐donor liver transplantation patients, lactated Ringer's solution administration was associated with a higher 90‐day mortality rate than normal saline. This finding has important implications for selecting crystalloid in pediatric living‐donor liver transplantation. Further randomized clinical trials in larger cohort are necessary to confirm this finding.
What happens at night? Physiological mechanisms related to maintaining grain yield under high night temperature in rice
Authors: Xu Jiemeng , Misra Gopal , Sreenivasulu Nese , Henry Amelia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh night temperature (HNT) causes substantial yield loss in rice (Oryza sativaL.). In this study, the physiological processes related to flag leaf dark respiration (Rn) and grain filling under HNT were explored in a multi‐parent advanced generation intercross population developed for heat tolerance (MAGICheat) along with selected high temperature tolerant breeding lines developed with heat‐tolerant parents. Within a subset of lines, flag leaf Rn under HNT treatment was related to lower spikelet number per panicle and thus reduced yield. HNT enhanced the nighttime reduction of non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) in stem tissue, but not in leaves, and stem nighttime NSC reduction was negatively correlated with yield. Between heading and harvest, the major difference in NSC concentration was found for starch, but not for soluble sugar. HNT weakened the relationship between NSC remobilization and harvest index at both the phenotypic and genetic level. By using genome‐wide association studies, an invertase inhibitor, MADS box transcription factors and a UDP‐glycosyltransferase that were identified as candidate genes orchestrating stem NSC remobilization in the control treatment were lost under HNT. With the identification of physiological and genetic components related to rice HNT response, this study offers promising prebreeding materials and trait targets to sustain yield stability under climate change.
The link between hidradenitis suppurativa and phylloid hypomelanosis in partial trisomy‐13 mosaicism: New evidences and further genetic/pathogenetic insights
Authors: Forconi Riccardo , Bigoni Stefania , Pacetti Lucrezia , Host Cristina , Schettini Natale , Zedde Pierantonia , Buldrini Barbara , Ferlini Alessandra , Bettoli Vincenzo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPartial trisomy‐13 mosaicism (PT13M) is a rare condition. Among its possible associated cutaneous features, phylloid hypomelanosis (PH), characterized by leaf‐like macules reminiscent of floral ornaments in the form of round or oval spots and patches and oblong lesions, is typical. Two cases of PH associated with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) have been already reported in the literature. We report a third child with PH due to PT13M associated with HS‐like lesions limited to hypomelanotic regions. We hypothesize that follicular occlusion genes may be located in the duplicated part of chromosome 13.
Comparative study on the early growth of preterm infants with the World Health Organization growth standards and the China growth charts
Authors: Liu Shuang , Wang Ying , Li Xing , Ru Xifang , Sang Tian , Zhang Xin , Feng Qi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study focused on comparing the applicability and efficacy of the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards and the China growth charts in diagnosing malnutrition and indicating nutritional interventions in preterm infants.MethodsSix hundred and eighty‐three preterm infants were involved and their anthropometric data were collected. The proportion of weight and head circumference less than the 10th percentile (P10), weight less than the 25th percentile (P25), and weight for length greater than the 90th percentile (P90) identified by the WHO growth standards and the China growth charts were compared.ResultsAt corrected age (CA) 1 ~< 2 months (m), the proportion of head circumference <P10 assessed by the WHO growth standards was higher than that assessed by the China growth charts by approximately 4.4% in boys and 6.6% in girls. During infancy, both boys and girls had lower proportions of weight <P10 and weight <P25 with the WHO growth standards than with the China growth charts: 5.1% and 5.6%, respectively, for weight <P10 and 7.0% and 8.8%, respectively, for weight <P25. For boys older than CA 1 m and for girls older than CA 3 m, the proportion of weight‐for‐length >P90 assessed by the WHO growth standards was greater than that assessed by the China growth charts.ConclusionsCompared with the China growth charts, the WHO growth standards can further reduce the number of diagnoses of abnormal physical growth, are more helpful in avoiding overnutrition interventions, and are more sensitive in the early detection of delayed head circumference growth.
Role of E148Q in familial Mediterranean fever with an exon 10 mutation in MEFV
Authors: Miyashita Kengo , Matsuda Yusuke , Okajima Michiko , Toma Tomoko , Yachie Akihiro , Wada Taizo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the MEFV gene. Mutations in exon 10 are associated with typical FMF. Most Japanese patients with typical FMF are compound heterozygotes of M694I in exon 10 and E148Q in exon 2. However, the pathogenic role of E148Q remains controversial.MethodsWe assessed symptoms and serum cytokines among patients with FMF and their family members. They were divided into three subgroups, based on MEFV mutations: individuals carrying M694I and E148Q (group A, n = 14), individuals carrying M694I, but not E148Q (group B, n = 10), and individuals carrying E148Q, but not M694I (group C, n = 11).ResultsAll but one individual in group A had typical FMF phenotypes, whereas no individual in groups B and C exhibited any episodes of fever or serositis. The serum levels of interleukin‐18 during the afebrile phase were significantly elevated in group A (2,806 ± 2,107 pg/mL), compared to those in groups B (499 ± 369 pg/mL) and C (427 ± 410 pg/mL). No difference in interleukin‐6 levels was observed among the three groups.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that E148Q may contribute to disease development of FMF in Japanese patients carrying the heterozygous M694I mutation in MEFV and that genetic testing of both parents would lead to better counseling for their children.
Review of Chinese young adults' human papillomavirus knowledge, attitudes, and vaccine acceptability
Authors: Ou Lihong , Chen Angela Chia‐Chen , Reifsnider Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is effective in reducing HPV‐related disease. The 2‐, 4‐, and 9‐valent HPV vaccines have been approved by the Chinese FDA since 2016; however, factors associated with HPV vaccine acceptability and use in Chinese young adults remain unclear.Design and SampleWe conducted a systematic review to analyze factors affecting HPV vaccine acceptability and use in Chinese young adults. A comprehensive search of databases (e.g., PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) was conducted, and articles between 2011 and 2020 were included.ResultsSeventeen studies were included in the final review, and eleven were conducted in mainland China and six in Hong Kong. All studies reported low level of HPV‐related knowledge. Better knowledge, more concerns about HPV‐associated diseases, and being female were found associated with higher vaccine acceptability. The vaccine cost and safety were the major concerns for vaccination.ConclusionsFindings suggested a low level of HPV‐related knowledge and suboptimal vaccination rate in Chinese young adults. Theory‐based interventions addressing knowledge and other influencing factors and involving both males and females are urgently needed to increase vaccine acceptability and use in Chinese young adults.
Cardiac vagal control in response to acute stress during pregnancy: Associations with life stress and emotional support
Authors: Tung Irene , Krafty Robert T. , Delcourt Meaghan L. , Melhem Nadine M. , Jennings J. Richard , Keenan Kate , Hipwell Alison E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLife stressors during pregnancy can disrupt maternal stress regulation and negatively impact offspring health. Despite the important role of cardiac vagal control (e.g., heart rate variability; HRV) in stress regulation, few studies have investigated how life stressors and emotional support influence vagal control during pregnancy. This study aimed to (a) characterize patterns of cardiac vagal control in response to a stressor administered in pregnancy, and (b) examine the effects of life stress and emotional support on vagal control during rest, reactivity, and recovery. Participants included 191 pregnant women (79% Black; 21% White) living in an urban U.S. city (73% receiving public assistance). Heart rate (HR) and HRV (indexed by RMSSD) were recorded continually during the preparation, task, and recovery periods of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Participants reported recent life stressors (e.g., relationship problems, financial hardship) and emotional support. Piecewise growth curve modeling was used to model rates of reactivity and recovery, adjusting for gestational age at time of assessment and recent health problems. Life stress predicted greater HR and HRV reactivity to the TSST as well as greater HRV recovery (vagal rebound). However, associations were only evident for women reporting high emotional support. Results suggest that pregnant women living with frequent life stressors may exhibit more rapid autonomic responses to acute stress, including more rapid vagal rebound after stressors, potentially reflecting physiological adaptation to anticipated high‐stress environments; emotional support may enhance these responses. Studies are needed to investigate long‐term health outcomes related to this stress response pattern.
Effects of experimentally induced muscle pain on endurance performance: A proof‐of‐concept study assessing neurophysiological and perceptual responses
Authors: Canestri Raul , Franco‐Alvarenga Paulo Estevão , Brietzke Cayque , Vinícius Ítalo , Smith Samuel A. , Mauger Alexis R. , Goethel Márcio Fagundes , Pires Flávio Oliveira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPain arising from exercise potentiates fatigue and impairs the performance of endurance exercise. We assessed neurophysiological and perceptual responses to endurance exercise performed under experimentally induced muscle pain by a model that separates muscle pain from muscle fatigue. After a series of pilot studies investigating different hypertonic saline volumes, 17 healthy males performed a preliminary VO2PEAK test before performing a familiarization of the cycling time‐to‐exhaustion exercise (80% of the peak power output in the VO2PEAK test). Participants, performed a baseline exercise session before the sessions with hypertonic and isotonic saline injections in the vastus lateralis of both legs, in a crossover and counterbalanced design. Neurophysiological and perceptual responses such as electroencephalography (EEG) in frontal, prefrontal, parietal, and motor cortex, electromyography (EMG) of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscles, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), pain sensation, and affective valence were measured at rest and during exercise. The hypertonic injection reduced the resting EEG alpha‐beta ratio in the frontal and prefrontal cortex. When compared to exercise performed after the isotonic injection (430.5 ± 152.6 s), hypertonic injection shortened the time‐to‐exhaustion (357.5 ± 173.0 s), reduced the EMG of the assessed muscles, and increased the muscle co‐contraction during exercise. The hypertonic injection also reduced the EEG alpha‐beta ratio in the prefrontal and parietal cortex, increased RPE and pain sensation, and reduced affective valence during exercise. This proof‐of‐concept study showed that hypertonic injection‐induced muscle pain reduced endurance performance, promoting centrally mediated alterations in motor command and cortical activation, as well as an interplay of perceptual responses.
Lyapunov–Perron Transformation for Quasi-Periodic Systems and Its Applications
Authors: Subramanian Susheelkumar C. , Redkar Sangram 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper depicts the application of symbolically computed Lyapunov–Perron (L–P) transformation to solve linear and nonlinear quasi-periodic systems. The L–P transformation converts a linear quasi-periodic system into a time-invariant one. State augmentation and the method of normal forms are used to compute the L–P transformation analytically. The state augmentation approach converts a linear quasi-periodic system into a nonlinear time-invariant system as the quasi-periodic parametric excitation terms are replaced by “fictitious” states. This nonlinear system can be reduced to a linear system via normal forms in the absence of resonances. In this process, one obtains near identity transformation that contains fictitious states. Once the quasi-periodic terms replace the fictitious states they represent, the near identity transformation is converted to the L–P transformation. The L–P transformation can be used to solve linear quasi-periodic systems with external excitation and nonlinear quasi-periodic systems. Two examples are included in this work, a commutative quasi-periodic system and a non-commutative Mathieu–Hill type quasi-periodic system. The results obtained via the L–P transformation approach match very well with the numerical integration and analytical results.
Experiments and Numerical Implementation of a Boundary Value Problem Involving a Magnetorheological Elastomer Layer Subjected to a Nonuniform Magnetic Field
Authors: Dorn Charles , Bodelot Laurence , Danas Kostas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study investigates experimentally and numerically the response of a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) layer placed atop an electromagnetic coil. The MRE layer is deflected upon application of a current in the coil, which creates highly nonuniform magnetic fields. Isotropic and transversely isotropic layers (i.e., containing chains of magnetic particles) are tested experimentally, and the isotropic layer exhibits the largest deflection. To enhance the energetic efficiency of the model device, an iron core is introduced inside the electromagnetic coil, thereby leading to an increase in the resulting magnetic field near the center of the MRE layer. In parallel, the boundary value problem —including the MRE layer, the coil, the core (if present) and the surrounding air—is modeled numerically. For this, a magneto-mechanical, vector potential-based variational formulation is implemented in a standard three-dimensional finite element model at finite strains. For the material description, a recently proposed analytical homogenization-guided model is used to analyze the MRE in the “coil-only” configuration. It is then employed to predict the response of the layer in the “coil plus core” configuration, thus circumventing the need for a separate material characterization procedure. The proposed numerical simulation strategy provides a deeper understanding of the underlying complexity of the magnetic fields and of their interaction with the MRE layer. This study also reveals the importance of modeling the entire setup for predicting the response of MRE materials and, as a result, constitutes a step toward designing more efficient MRE-based devices.
Probabilistic Feasibility Design of a Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Using Integrated First-Order Reliability and Monte Carlo Methods
Authors: Meng Lingbin , Du Xiaoping , McWilliams Brandon , Zhang Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quality inconsistency due to uncertainty hinders the extensive applications of a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing process. To address this issue, this study proposes a new and efficient probabilistic method for the reliability analysis and design of the L-PBF process. The method determines a feasible region of the design space for given design requirements at specified reliability levels. If a design point falls into the feasible region, the design requirement will be satisfied with a probability higher or equal to the specified reliability. Since the problem involves the inverse reliability analysis that requires calling the direct reliability analysis repeatedly, directly using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is computationally intractable, especially for a high reliability requirement. In this work, a new algorithm is developed to combine MCS and the first-order reliability method (FORM). The algorithm finds the initial feasible region quickly by FORM and then updates it with higher accuracy by MCS. The method is applied to several case studies, where the normalized enthalpy criterion is used as a design requirement. The feasible regions of the normalized enthalpy criterion are obtained as contours with respect to the laser power and laser scan speed at different reliability levels, accounting for uncertainty in seven processing and material parameters. The results show that the proposed method dramatically alleviates the computational cost while maintaining high accuracy. This work provides a guidance for the process design with required reliability.