bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optically Powered Gas Monitoring System Using Single-Mode Fibre for Underground Coal Mines
Authors: Chen Yingge , Silvestri Leonardo , Lei Xinyue , Ladouceur François 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present an optically powered, intrinsically safe gas monitoring system to measure four essential environmental gases (CH4, CO2, CO and O2), together with ambient temperature and pressure, for underground mines. The system is based on three key technologies developed at UNSW: (1) power-over-fibre (PoF) at 1,550 nm using a single industry-standard, low-cost single-mode fibre (SMF) for both power delivery and information transmission, (2) liquid-crystal-based optical transducers for optical telemetry, and (3) ultra-low power consumption design of all electronics. Together, this approach allows each gas monitoring station to operate with less than 150 mW of optical power, meeting the intrinsic safety requirements specified by the IEC60079-28 standard. A 2-month field trial at BMA’s Broadmeadow underground mine proved the cabling compatibility to the mine’s existing optical network and the stability of the system performance. Compared with conventional electrically powered gas sensors, this technology bypasses the usual roadblocks of underground gas monitoring where electrical power is either unsafe or unavailable. Furthermore, using one fibre for both power delivery and communication enables longer distance coverage, reduces optical cabling and increases multiplexing possibilities and data throughput for better awareness of underground environment.
Identification of Visual Imagery by Electroencephalography Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and an Auto-Regressive Model
Authors: Fu Yunfa , Gong Anmin , Qian Qian , Zhang Wei , Zhao Lei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The traditional imagery task for brain−computer interfaces (BCIs) consists of motor imagery (MI) in which subjects are instructed to imagine moving a certain part of their body. This kind of imagery task is difficult for subjects. In this study, we used a less studied yet more easily performed type of mental imagery—visual imagery (VI)—in which subjects are instructed to visualize a picture in their brain to implement a BCI. In this study, 18 subjects were recruited and instructed to observe one of two visual-cued pictures (one was static, while the other was moving), and then imagine the cued picture in each trial. Simultaneously, electroencephalography (EEG) signals were collected. Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), auto-regressive (AR) models and the combination of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and AR were used to extract features, respectively. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify the two kinds of VI tasks. The average, highest, and lowest classification accuracies of HHT were 68.143.06%, 78.33%, and 53.3%, respectively. The values of the AR model were 56.292.73%, 71.67%, and 30%, respectively. The values obtained by the combination of EMD and the AR model were 78.402.07%, 87%, and 48.33%, respectively. The results indicate that multiple VI tasks were separable based on EEG, and that the combination of EMD and an AR model used in VI feature extraction was better than that of an HHT or AR model alone. Our work may provide ideas for the construction of a new online VI-BCI.
Application of SWSFET in Image Segmentation
Authors: Karmakar Supriya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Image segmentation is a fundamental image processing technique to extract the required information from an image. The core element of any integrated circuit (IC) chip for signal processing is the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). There are various limitations of MOSFET in sub-nm process technology. This work introduces the application of a new type of MOSFET, which is known as the spatial wave function switched field effect transistor (SWSFET), in the image processing application. The channel in a SWSFET is comprised of various low bandgap semiconductor layers. The charge carriers move across various channels and generate current through different drain terminals. The SWSFET is used to design a window detector which is applied in image segmentation.
Multimodality Approach to Characterizing the Distinctive Hallmarks of Lung Fibrosis: A Mouse Model with Bleomycin and Indocyanine Green
Authors: Grandi Andrea , Ferrini Erica , Ciccimarra Roberta , Mambrini Martina , Mecozzi Laura , Leo Ludovica , Silva Mario , Sverzellati Nicola , Donofrio Gaetano , Ruffini Livia , Villetti Gino , Stellari Franco Fabio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background.Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is a progressive disease with short life expectancy and no disease-modifying pharmacological therapy. The continuous refinement of animal models and the integration of in-vivo imaging techniques is fundamental for the selection of new antifibrotic drugs.Indocyanine Green (ICG), a fluorescent dye, was administered by oropharyngeal aspiration (OA) to mice with Bleomycin (BLM) to map the lung exposure.Methods.Female mice C57bl/6 were treated via OA with BLM+ICG or ICG. Animals were imaged at 7, 14 and 21 days either with the fluorescent system or Micro-CT. At each time point subsets of mice were sampled for ex-vivo assessment. Histological assessment of fibrosis by Ashcroft score, airspace enlargements and mean linear intercept (MLI) were evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 days. Leukocytes and cytokines were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Results.Fluorescence imaging revealed a persistent lung signal in both groups until 21 days. In BLM+ICG group, Micro-CT detected a marked increase in hypo- and non-aerated tissues throughout the study. At later time points hyper-inflated tissue was detected. Histology revealed high Ashcroft score throughout the time-course with a prominent increase in airspace size and MLI at day 21. ICG mice had healthy lungs.Conclusions.We showed that ICG can be used as a tracer to map the distribution of BLM in lungs. However, BLM+ICG produced unexpected severe lung changes different from pure BLM model, such as emphysema-like features which progressively worsened. The multimodalities approach warranted characterization of the distinctive features of this new pulmonary fibrosis model and provided fundamentals for in-vivo translation.
Pythagorean fuzzy time series model based on Pythagorean fuzzy c-means and improved Markov weighted in the prediction of the new COVID-19 cases
Authors: Xian Sidong , Cheng Yue 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Time series is an extremely important branch of prediction and the research on it plays an important guiding role in production and life. To get more realistic prediction results, scholars have explored the combination of fuzzy theory and time series. Although some results have been achieved so far, there are still gaps in the combination of n-Pythagorean fuzzy sets and time series. In this paper, a pioneering n-Pythagorean fuzzy time series model (n-PFTS) and its forecasting method (n-IMWPFCM) is proposed to employ a n-Pythagorean fuzzy c-means clustering method (n-PFCM) to overcome the subjectivity of directly assigning membership and non-membership values, thus improving the accuracy of the partition the universe of discoure. A novel improved Markov prediction method is exploited to enhance the prediction accuracy of the model. The proposed prediction method is applied to the yearly University of Alabama enrollments data and the new COVID-19 cases data. The results show that compared with the traditional fuzzy time series forecasting method, the proposed method has better forecasting accuracy. Meanwhile, it has the characteristics of low computational complexity and high interpretability and demonstrates the superiority of this model from a realistic perspective.
Comprehensive Analysis of SRAM Cell Architectures With 18nm FinFET for Low Power Applications
Authors: Kumar T. Santosh , Tripathi Suman Lata 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The SRAM cells are used in many applications where power consumption will be the main constraint. The Conventional 6T SRAM cell has reduced stability and more power consumption when technology is scaled resulting in supply voltage scaling, so other alternative SRAM cells from 7T to 12T have been proposed which can address these problems. Here a low power 7T SRAM cell is suggested which has low power consumption and condensed leakage currents and power dissipation. The projected design has a leakage power of 5.31nW and leakage current of 7.58nA which is 84.9% less than the 7T SRAM cell without using the proposed leakage reduction technique and it is 22.4% better than 6T SRAM and 22.1% better than 8T SRAM cell when both use the same leakage reduction technique. The cell area of the 7T SRAM cell is 1.25µM2, 6T SRAM is 1.079µM2 and that of 8T SRAM is 1.28µM2all the results are simulated in cadence virtuoso using 18nm technology.
Analysis of Pir Gene Expression Across the Plasmodium Life Cycle
Authors: Little Timothy S. , Cunningham Deirdre A. , Vandomme Audrey , Lopez Carlos Talavera , Amis Sarah I. , Alder Christopher , Addy John W.G. , McLaughlin Sarah , Hosking Caroline , Christophides George K. , Reid Adam J. , Langhorne Jean 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Plasmodium interspersed repeat ( pir ) is the largest multigene family in the genomes of most Plasmodium species. A variety of functions for the PIR proteins which they encode have been proposed, including antigenic variation, immune evasion, sequestration and rosetting. However, direct evidence for these is lacking. The repetitive nature of the family has made it difficult to determine function experimentally. However, there has been some success in using gene expression studies to suggest roles for some members in virulence and chronic infection. Methods Here we examined pir gene expression across the life cycle of P. berghei using publicly available RNAseq data-sets, and at high resolution in the intraerythrocytic development cycle using new data from P. chabaudi . Results Expression of pir genes is greatest in stages of the parasite which invade and reside in red blood cells. The marked exception is that liver merozoites and male gametocytes produce a very large number of pir gene transcripts, notably compared to female gametocytes, which produce relatively few. Within the asexual blood stages different subfamilies peak at different times, suggesting further functional distinctions. Representing a subfamily of its own, the highly conserved ancestral pir gene warrants further investigation due to its potential tractability for functional investigation. It is highly transcribed in multiple life cycle stages and across most studied Plasmodium species and thus is likely to play an important role in parasite biology. Conclusions By identifying distinct expression patterns for different pir genes and subfamilies we hope to provide a basis for the design of future experiments to uncover their function.
Increased Cerebrovascular Reactivity In Selected Brain Regions After Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Improves The Speed of Visual Cancellation In Patients With Severe Steno-Occlusive Disease: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Shimonaga Koji , Hama Seiji , Furui Akira , Yanagawa Akiko , Kandori Akihiko , Atsumori Hirokazu , Yamawaki Shigeto , Matsushige Toshinori , Tsuji Toshio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effect of the change in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in each brain area on cognitive function after extracranial-intracranial bypass was examined as a preliminary study in 20 patients with severe steno-occlusive disease. CVR studies and the visual cancellation task (VC) were performed before and after surgery. The Speed and Accuracy scores of the VC, which increased with improvement after the operation, were evaluated. CVR increased postoperatively both ipsilaterally and contralaterally to the surgery. Before surgery VC completion time was delayed, but accuracy was relatively maintained. In stepwise and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models, two regions (right inferior frontal gyrus and right uncus) for the Speed score and one region (right superior occipital gyrus) for the Accuracy score were common brain regions associated with CVR change after surgery. The Speed and Accuracy scores of brain regions of the right cerebral hemisphere, which may be anatomically distant from the blood vessel anastomosis, were related to CVR change. Moreover, in the ischemic stage, with reduced CVR but no cerebral infarction, processing speed might decrease to maintain accuracy, and revascularization might increase the processing speed. In revascularization, the relationship between CVR change and the speed-accuracy trade-off in each brain region should be considered.
Dual Activity of Serratia Marcescens Pt-3 in Phosphate-solubilizing and Production of Antifungal Volatiles
Authors: Gong Andong , Wang Gaozhan , Song Mengge , Dimuna Cheelo , Gao Zhen , Wang Hualing , Yang Peng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Soil fertility decline and pathogen infection are severe issues for crop production all over the world. Microbes as inherent factors in soil were effective in alleviating fertility decrease, promoting plant growth and controlling plant pathogens et al. Thus, screening microbes with fertility improving and pathogen controlling are great importance to humans.Results: Bacteria Pt-3 isolated from tea rhizosphere showed multiple functions in solubilizing insoluble phosphate, promoting plant growth, producing abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and inhibiting the growth of important fungal pathogens in vitro. According to the 16S rRNA phylogenetic and biochemical analysis, Pt-3 was identified to be Serratia marcescens. The solubilizing zone of Pt-3 in the medium of lecithin and Ca3(PO4)2 was 2.1 cm and 1.8 cm respectively. In liquid medium and soil, the concentration of soluble phosphorus reached 343.9 mg.L-1, and 3.98 mg.kg-1, and significantly promoted the growth of maize seedling, respectively. Moreover, Pt-3 produced abundant volatiles and greatly inhibited the growth of seven important phytopathogens. The inhibition rate ranged from 75.51 to 100% respectively. Solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry proved that the antifungal volatile was dimethyl disulfide. Dimethyl disulfide can inhibit the germination of Aspergillus flavus, and severely destroy the cell structures under scanning electron microscopy.Conclusions: S. marcescens Pt-3 with multiple functions will provide novel agent for the production of bioactive fertilizer with P-solubilizing and fungal pathogens control activity.
The tumor immune microenvironment of primary and metastatic HER2- positive breast cancers utilizing gene expression and spatial proteomic profiling
Authors: Schlam Ilana , Church Sarah E. , Hether Tyler D , Chaldekas Krysta , Hudson Briana M , White Andrew M , Maisonet Emily , Harris Brent T , Swain Sandra M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The characterization of the immune component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer has been limited. Molecular and spatial characterization of HER2 + TME of primary, recurrent, and metastatic breast tumors has the potential to identify immune mediated mechanisms and biomarker targets that could be used to guide selection of therapies.
Methods
We examined 15 specimens from eight patients with HER2 + breast cancer: 10 primary breast tumors (PBT), two soft tissue, one lung, and two brain metastases (BM). Using molecular profiling by bulk gene expression TME signatures, including the Tumor Inflammation Signature (TIS) and PAM50 subtyping, as well as spatial characterization of immune hot, warm, and cold regions in the stroma and tumor epithelium using 64 protein targets on the GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler.
Results
PBT had higher infiltration of immune cells relative to metastatic sites and higher protein and gene expression of immune activation markers when compared to metastatic sites. TIS scores were lower in metastases, particularly in BM. BM also had less immune infiltration overall, but in the stromal compartment with the highest density of immune infiltration had similar levels of T cells that were less activated than PBT stromal regions suggesting immune exclusion in the tumor epithelium.
Conclusions
Our findings show stromal and tumor localized immune cells in the TME are more active in primary versus metastatic disease. This suggests patients with early HER2 + breast cancer could have more benefit from immune-targeting therapies than patients with advanced disease.
60 GHz Double Deck T-Gate AlN/GaN/AlGaN HEMT for V-Band Satellites
Authors: Fletcher A.S. Augustine , Nirmal D , Ajayan J , Arivazhagan L , K Husna Hamza , Murugapandiyan P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The influence of double deck T-gate on LG=0.2 μm AlN/GaN/AlGaN HEMT is analysed in this paper. The T-gate supported with Silicon Nitride provides a tremendous mechanical reliability. It drops off the crest electric-field at gate edges and postponing the breakdown voltage of a device. A 0.2-μm double deck T-gate HEMT on Silicon Carbide substrate offer fMAX of 107 Giga Hertz, fT of 60 Giga Hertz and the breakdown voltage of 136 Volts. Furthermore, it produces the maximum-transconductance and drain-current of 0.187 Siemens/mm and 0.41 Ampere/mm respectively. In addition, the lateral electric-field noticed at gate-edge shows 2.1×106 Volts/cm. Besides, the double deck T-gate AlN/GaN HEMT achieves a 45 % increment in breakdown voltage compared to traditional GaN-HEMT device. Moreover, it reveals a remarkable Johnson figure-of-merit of 7.9 Tera Hertz Volt. Therefore, the double deck T-gate on AlN/GaN/AlGaN HEMT is the superlative device for 60 GHz V-band satellite application.
Energy and Momentum Eigenspectrum of the Hulthén-screened Cosine Kratzer Potential Using Proper Quantization Rule and SUSYQM Method
Authors: Purohit Kaushal R , PARMAR Rajendrasinh H , Rai Ajay Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Using the Qiang-Dong proper quantization rule (PQR) and the supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach, we obtained the eigenspectrum of the energy and momentum for time independent and time dependent Hulthen-screened cosine Kratzer potentials. For the suggested time independent Hulthen-screened cosine Kratzer potential, we solved the Schrodinger equation in D dimensions (HSCKP). The Feinberg-Horodecki equation for time-dependent Hulthen-screened cosine Kratzer potential was also solved (tHSCKP). To address the inverse square term in the time independent and time dependent equations, we employed the Greene-Aldrich approximation approach. We were able to extract time independent and time dependent potentials, as well as their accompanying energy and momentum spectra. In three-dimensional space, we estimated the rotational vibrational (RV) energy spectrum for many homodimers ($H_2, I_2, O_2$) and heterodimers ($MnH, ScN, LiH, HCl$). We also used the recently introduced formula approach to obtain the relevant eigen function. We also calculated momentum spectra for the dimers $MnH$ and $ScN$. The method is compared to prior methodologies for accuracy and validity using numerical data for heterodimer $LiH, HCl$ and homodimer $I_2, O_2,H_2$. The calculated energy and momentum spectra are tabulated and analysed.
TUBB4A is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target For Melanoma
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Li Zhe , Wu Qi , Li Hongbo , Yu Jingping , Sun Zhiqiang , Jiang Ying , Gao Wei , Luo Judong , Liu Hui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Melanoma is one of the most malignant skin carcinomas with high metastatic potential. Increasing evidences have demonstrated that β-tubulin 4A (TUBB4A) play key role in development and progression of several types of human cancer. However, the potential function of TUBB4A in cutaneous melanoma remains to be determined. Methods: We first performed differential expression analysis between skin melanoma tissues and normal tissues from GEO and TCGA datasets, and then ran survival analysis to identify prognostic-related key genes. We went further to conduct the verification of in vitro biochemical experiments to explore the functional roles of key gene TUBB4A. Two small molecule inhibitors of TUBB4A, Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and Nocodazole, were used to examined the effect on apoptosis and cell cycle progression of melanoma cells.Results: We found that TUBB4A is markedly correlated to the overall survival of cutaneous melanoma patients. The co-expressed genes with TUBB4A are enriched in the melanoma-related pathways and function. Then, the experimental results showed that knockdown of TUBB4A inhibit the proliferation and migration of A375 and B16-F10 melanoma cells. Moreover, two small molecular agents targeting TUBB4A, Dihydroartemisinin and Nonocodazole, dpromote the apoptosis of melanoma cells and made the tumor cells significantly blocked in G2/M stage. Conclusion: We suppose that TUBB4A may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target of melanoma.
Comparative Analysis in Drilling Performance of AA7075 in Different Temper Conditions
Authors: YARAR ESER , ERTURK Alpay Tamer , KOÇ Funda Gül , VATANSEVER Fahri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
AA7075 is one of the most suitable materials for aerospace, aircraft, and defense applications with its high yield strength and low-density. In many other modern machining methods, conventional drilling remains the most extensive material removal process in industrial components. The main objective of this study is examining the machinability and surface quality conditions of the AA7075 material with different temper conditions. For this purpose, various temper treatments are implemented to evaluate the impact of microstructural properties on tool wear and surface quality of the drilled holes. The drilling operations have been done on O, F, T4, T6, and T7 temper conditions. Process parameters were three different spindle speeds (715, 1520, and 3030 rev/min) and three feed rates (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm/rev) with HSS-G high-performance ground standard twist drill bit. The present work deals with the effects of temper conditions on thrust force, drilling temperature, tool wear, surface integrity, and chip morphology. Drilling performance is related to the intrinsic microstructural properties of temper conditions. Response surface methodology was used in the evaluation of experiment results. The optimization results showed that while thrust force and torque are not significantly affected by change in spindle speed, they are sensitive to increase in feed rate. Heat-generation on the drill bit is the lowest at low levels of both the feed rate and spindle speed parameters. Among different temper conditions, the AA7075-T6 condition sample is processed with continuous chip formation and resulted in the best hole surface quality. The 3D finite element modelling of the drilling process was carried out, and the drilling performance of AA7075-T6 was evaluated in terms of thrust force, heat generation, and chip formation.