bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial Biogas Production From Pork Gelatine.
Authors: Sołowski Gaweł 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Dark fermentation of collagen (gelatine) results are shown in this research. The concentrations of applied gelatine were of VSS (volatile suspended solids) from 10 g VSS/L to 30 g VSS/L. The initial process pH was 5.5, depending on concentration reached pH values from 7.5 to 7.8 after 55 days. Although inoculum was heat-shocked in the case of 30 g VSS/L of collagen the process was hydrogenotrophic anaerobic digestion. In collagen concentration below 30 g VSS/L, hydrogen production was dominant only in the first 5 days of experiments. Then there also changed from dark fermentation into hydrogenotrophic methane production. In the case of optimal biogas production was due to accumulative production for a concentration of collagen 20 g VSS/L: 147.2 mL of hydrogen and 57.23 L of methane. In the case of optimal biogas production was due to accumulative production for a concentration of collagen 20 g VSS/L: 147.2 mL of hydrogen and 57.23 L of methane. The optimal hydrogen and methane yields were for concentration 10 g VSS/L (7.65 mL H2 /g VSS, and 3.49 L CH4/ g VSS). In 10 g VSS/L was also the lowest accumulated emission of hydrogen sulphide (10.3 mL of H2S), while the lowest yield was for 30 g VSS/L (0.44 mL H2S /g VSS). After a lag time, the hydrogen production and hydrogen sulphide grew with a specific ratio depending on concentration. Collagen, a protein with known amounts of sulphur allowed determining the origin of hydrogen sulphide in biogas. The hydrogen sulphide emission and sulphur added analysis proved that hydrogen sulphide origins in biogas from bacteria remains more than from substrate.
The Clinical and Imaging Findings of Patent Ductus Venosus in Children: A Series of Nine Cases
Authors: Xiang Yonghua , Peng Yinghui , Gan Qing , Jiang Xiaojun , Jin Ke 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the clinical and imaging findings of patent ductus venosus (PDV) ,so as to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the disease and reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Methods Medical records of 9 patients with PDV were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical, and laboratory test data were extracted from the electronic medical records. Two radiologists and one sonographer reviewed all imaging examinations retrospectively. Results 9 patients with PDV were reviewed, including 7 males and 2 females, aged from 16 days to 16.5 years. The initial clinical presentations of PDV were varied, but jaundice and respiratory symptoms were the most common. Laboratory tests showed that 5/9 cases had hypoxemia, 2/9 had hyperammonemia, 7/9 had hyperbilirubinemia, 6/9 had abnormal coagulation function, 4/9 had abnormal myocardial enzymes, 8/9 had hepatic dysfunction, and 3/9 had renal dysfunction. The direct imaging sign of PDV was a vascular structure connecting the left branch of portal vein(LPV) to the inferior vena cava(IVC), running in the depth of the Arantius sulcus. The secondary imaging findings were as follows: All the patients had enlarged liver. 3 patients presented with hypoperfusion in right lobe of liver. The spleen was enlarged in 8 cases but shrank in one. Dilated LPV and atrophic right branch of portal vein (RPV) were observed in all patients. The main portal vein (MPV) was dilated in 8 cases and shrank in one. Dilated right heart and pulmonary artery were observed in all cases. Abnormal renal imaging was observed in 2 patients. The complications and coexistent malformations were as follows: Brain MRI indicated hepatic encephalopathy in 4 cases. 7/9 patients were combined with other malformations, and the most common coexistent malformations were congenital heart disease (CHD) and vascular abnormalities, with 5 and 6 cases respectively. Conclusions PDV can lead to multi-system lesions. The clinical presentations and laboratory findings were diverse. The diagnosis of PDV depends on imaging examinations, and it is important to evaluate the secondary imaging changes. Complications and coexistent malformations were common, and we need to prevent omissions during the imaging evaluations.
Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution By Polydopamine@Zeolitic Imidazolate-67
Authors: Hajnajafi Maryam , Khorshidi A. , Gilani Ali Ghanadzadeh , Verpoort Francis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Herein, a facile and low-cost route was used to prepare Polydopamine@Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (PDA@ZIF-67). The structure, morphology, surface functional groups and particle size distribution of PDA@ZIF-67 were studied using FTIR, FESEM, EDS, and BET analyses. The specific surface area and diameter of ​​PDA@ZIF-67 were equal to be 78.203 m2/g and 4.179 mm, respectively. The PDA@ZIF-67 was used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue dye. The results show that the maximum adsorption efficiency of methylene blue on the surface of PDA@ZIF-67 is achieved at pH 2, the temperature of 65°C, 10 mg of adsorbent, and methylene blue concentration of 7.5 ppm.Moreover, the adsorption process's isothermal, thermodynamic, and kinetics were studied entirely to consider the adsorption mechanism. The methylene blue molecules located in the fine pores of the PDA@ZIF-67 adsorbent determine the adsorption rate. Moreover, the adsorption process of methylene blue at high temperatures is a spontaneous and endothermic reaction. The adsorption efficiency of PDA@ZIF-67, after the recovery, reached 62.21%, which is an excellent advantage for using this adsorbent.
Limited water access is associated with food insecurity and diarrheal episodes among children suffering from moderate acute malnutrition in Far-North Cameroon
Authors: Nounkeu Carole Debora , Teta Ismael , Dharod Jigna Morarji , Saha Foudjo Brice Ulrich , Ntentie Francoise Raissa , Boris Azantsa Kingue , Georges Nguefack-Tsague , Oben Julius 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo gain further understanding of the interlinkages between poor water access, household food insecurity, and undernutrition among children, this study used a cross-sectional design with 474 female caretakers of children suffering from moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) to explore the relationship between limited access to water and diarrheal diseases among children, aged &lt;5 years, experiencing MAM. The mean age of the caretakers was 28.50±6.88 years and that of their MAM children (sex ratio=0.7) was 17.79±9.59 months. The participants reported spending an average of 19.29±15.69 min for one trip to fetch water. A negative correlation was found between mean time spent fetching drinking water and hygiene and handwashing score (r=−0.141, p=0.003). Furthermore, the more severe the food insecurity status of a household, the farther the family member likely had to go to fetch drinking water [F(2, 444)=8.64, p≤0.001]. Results from binary logistic regression showed that children from households practicing open defecation (p=0.008) and/or having inadequate hygiene practices (p=0.004) had increased odds of developing diarrhea. Therefore, ameliorating water access in households with MAM children could contribute to improvements in hygiene and sanitation attitudes with a subsequent increase in the effectiveness of nutrition interventions aiming at reducing acute malnutrition among children.
Long-term Physical Exercise Improves Finger Tapping of Patients with
Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Liu Guanghua , Zhang Lingli , Du Yuxiang , Lei Le , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhao Yilong , Shen Deng 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that has
been characterized by progressive development of long onset early disease with complicated etiology
and may cause memory loss, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes. Physical exercise
may play a preventive role in AD. In the present study, we investigated the impact of longer-term
physical exercise on the finger tapping of AD patients by comparing the finger tapping of AD patients
and healthy controls.

Methods:
In this study, 140 subjects aged ≥ 60 years were enrolled. Group A consisted of 70 subjects
(27 males and 43 females) without exercise habits who were selected from Yangpu District
(Shanghai, China). Group B consisted of 70 subjects (27 males and 43 females) who were selected
from Minxing District (Shanghai, China). All the subjects were right-handed as well. The subjects’
data, including subjects’ age, weight, height, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental
State Examination (MMSE), and finger tapping frequency, were measured.

Results:
The subjects were matched in age, weight, and height. The AD subjects’ MoCA and
MMSE scores were noticeably lower than healthy subjects’ scores (P<0.001); besides, AD patients
with exercise had significantly lower MoCA and MMSE scores than healthy controls with exercise
(P<0.001). The finger tapping of AD subjects’ left hands was significantly lower than that of
healthy subjects without AD (P<0.01), and AD subjects with exercise tapped significantly slower
with their left hand than healthy subjects with exercise (P<0.01). Meanwhile, AD subjects with exercise
tapped significantly faster with the left hand than AD subjects (P<0.05). The right hands of
AD subjects tapped remarkably less than healthy subjects (P<0.01) with or without exercise. Meanwhile,
subjects with exercise tapped significantly faster with their right hand than healthy subjects
(P<0.05), and AD subjects with exercise tapped significantly faster with their right hand than AD
subjects (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
Long-term physical exercises can improve finger tapping frequency, especially in patients
with AD. Finger tapping frequency may be used as an index to monitor the cognitive decline
in ageing AD patients.
Anti-Neurodegenerative Benefits of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in
Alzheimer’s Disease: Nexus of Cholinergic and Nerve Growth Factor Dysfunction
Authors: Moss Donald E. , Perez Ruth G. 
Published: December 2021

:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is increasingly

viewed as a complex multi-dimensional disease without effective treatments. Recent randomized,
placebo-controlled studies have shown volume losses of ~0.7% and ~3.5% per year, respectively,
in the basal cholinergic forebrain (CBF) and hippocampus in untreated suspected prodromal
AD. One year of donepezil treatment reduced these annualized rates of atrophy to about
half of untreated rates. Similar positive although variable results have also been found in volumetric
measurements of the cortex and whole brain in patients with mild cognitive impairment as well
as more advanced AD stages after treatments with all three currently available acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine). Here we review the anti-neurodegenerative
benefits of AChE inhibitors and the expected parallel disease-accelerating impairments
caused by anticholinergics, within a framework of the cholinergic hypothesis of AD and AD-associated
loss of nerve growth factor (NGF). Consistent with the “loss of trophic factor hypothesis of
AD,” we propose that AChE inhibitors enhance acetylcholine-dependent release and uptake of
NGF, thereby sustaining cholinergic neuronal viability and thus slowing AD-associated degeneration
of the CBF, to ultimately delay dementia progression. We propose that improved cholinergic
therapies for AD started early in asymptomatic persons, especially those with risk factors, will delay
the onset, progression, or emergence of dementia. The currently available competitive and pseudo-
irreversible AChE inhibitors are not CNS-selective and thus induce gastrointestinal toxicity that
limits cortical AChE inhibition to ~30% (ranges from 19% to 41%) as measured by in vivo PET
studies in patients undergoing therapy. These levels of inhibition are marginal relative to what is required
for effective symptomatic treatment of dementia or slowing AD-associated neurodegeneration.
In contrast, because of the inherently slow de novo synthesis of AChE in the CNS (about one--
tenth the rate of synthesis in peripheral tissues), irreversible AChE inhibitors produce significantly
higher levels of inhibition in the CNS than in peripheral tissues. For example, methanesulfonyl fluoride,
an irreversible inhibitor reduces CNS AChE activity by ~68% in patients undergoing therapy
and ~80% in cortical biopsies of non-human primates. The full therapeutic benefits of AChE inhibitors,
whether for symptomatic treatment of dementia or disease-slowing, thus would benefit by producing
high levels of CNS inhibition. One way to obtain such higher levels of CNS AChE inhibition
would be by using irreversible inhibitors.
The Orexin System: A Potential Player in the Pathophysiology of Absence
Epilepsy
Authors: Celli Roberta , Luijtelaar Gilles Van 
Published: December 2021

Background :
Absence epilepsy is characterized by the presence of spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) at the EEG generated within the cortico-thalamo-cortical circuit. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of absence epilepsy are only partially known. WAG/Rij rats older than 2-3 months develop spontaneous SWDs, and they are sensitive to anti-absence medications. Hence, WAG/Rij rats are extensively used as a model for absence epilepsy with predictive validity.

Objective :
To examine the possibility that the orexin system, which supports the wake status in experimental animals and humans, plays a role in the pathophysiology of absence seizures.

Methods :
The perspective grounds its method on recent literature along with measurements of orexin receptor type-1 (OX1) protein levels in the thalamus and somatosensory cortex of WAG/Rij rats and non-epileptic Wistar control rats at two ages (25 days and 6-7 months). OX1 protein levels were measured by immunoblotting.

Results :
The analysis of the current literature suggests that the orexin system might be involved in the pathophysiology of absence epilepsy and might be targeted by therapeutic intervention. Experimental data are in line with this hypothesis showing that OX1 protein levels were reduced in the thalamus and somatosensory cortex of symptomatic WAG/Rij rats (6-7 months of age) with respect to non-epileptic controls, whereas these differences were not seen in pre-symptomatic, 25 days-old WAG/Rij rats.

Conclusions :
This might pave the way to future studies on the involvement of the orexinergic system in the pathophysiology of SWDs associated with absence epilepsy and its comorbidities.
Characterization of Warm-Up in Soccer: Report from Portuguese Elite Soccer Coaches
Authors: Ferraz Ricardo , Ribeiro Paulo , Neiva Henrique P. , Forte Pedro , Branquinho Luís , Marinho Daniel A. 
Published: December 2021

Background:Warm-up before competition and training is a strategy that is widely acknowledged to improve players’ physical condition and performance. However, the importance of warm-up is not well understood and so there is a research gap into this topic.Objective:This study aimed to characterize the warm-up of professional soccer players by differences and similarities between different coaches’ methodologies.Methods:A group of thirty-two Portuguese elite soccer coaches participated in this study An observational study design was conducted through a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire with nineteen questions. During the questionnaire, coaches were asked to provide specific information about the warm-ups prescribed for soccer players, about their importance from a technical, physical and psychological point of view and the importance they attached to the warm-up / reheating of substitute players. The questionnaire was administered to the coaches at the end of a training session.Results:The results indicated that there is no consensus regarding the type of warm-up that should be prescribed. There are different opinions between elite coaches regarding the warm-up components that must be emphasized in order to prepare players for the game demands. Moreover, considering the tactical, technical, physical, and psychological dimensions, the coaches have different perspectives of the warm-up.Conclusion:This study allowed to conclude that there is no standard regarding the prescription of warm-up in professional soccer players, in the opinion of coaches. This is mainly due to the fact that there is a distinct appreciation in relation to the importance and influence of warm-up for performance.
Awareness, Prevention, Detection, and Therapy Applications for Depression and Anxiety in Serious Games for Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review
Authors: Martinez Kim , Menéndez-Menéndez Maria Isabel , Bustillo Andres 
Published: December 2021

Background
Depression and anxiety in children and adolescents are major health problems worldwide. In recent years, serious games research has advanced in the development of tools to address these mental health conditions. However, there has not been an extensive analysis of these games, their tendencies, and capacities.

Objective
This review aims to gather the most current serious games, published from 2015 to 2020, with a new approach focusing on their applications: awareness, prevention, detection, and therapy. The purpose is also to analyze the implementation, development, and evaluation of these tools to obtain trends, strengths, and weaknesses for future research lines.

Methods
The identification of the serious games through a literature search was conducted on the databases PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, Taylor and Francis, Springer, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The identified records were screened to include only the manuscripts meeting these criteria: a serious game for PC, smartphone, or virtual reality; developed by research teams; targeting only depression or anxiety or both; aiming specifically at children or adolescents.

Results
A total of 34 studies have been found that developed serious games for PC, smartphone, and virtual reality devices and tested them in children and adolescents. Most of the games address both conditions and are applied in prevention and therapy. Nevertheless, there is a trend that anxiety is targeted more in childhood and depression targeted more in adolescence. Regarding design, the game genres arcade minigames, adventure worlds, and social simulations are used, in this order. For implementation, these serious games usually require sessions of 1 hour and are most often played using a PC. Moreover, the common evaluation tools are normalized questionnaires that measure acquisition of skills or reduction of symptoms. Most studies collect and compare these data before and after the participants play.

Conclusions
The results show that more awareness and detection games are needed, as well as games that mix the awareness, prevention, detection, and therapy applications. In addition, games for depression and anxiety should equally target all age ranges. For future research, the development and evaluation of serious games should be standardized, so the implementation of serious games as tools would advance. The games should always offer support while playing, in addition to collecting data on participant behavior during the game to better analyze their learning. Furthermore, there is an open line regarding the use of virtual reality for these games due to the capabilities offered by this technology.
Mundial de Futbol Rusia 2018: la producción del espacio a través de un megaevento deportivo
Authors: Montero Oropeza Jonathan , Celis Galindo Dante Guillermo 
Published: December 2021

Los megaeventos se convierten en una fuente de análisis de interpretación para la geografía considerando las acciones de la producción de la espacialidad deportiva mediante relaciones de poder a través de las élites locales e internacionales y las repercusiones socioeconómicas que se generan en las ciudades de las sedes deportivas. El propósito es mostrar que la edición XXI de la Copa Mundial de Futbol celebrada en Rusia en 2018 dejó constancia de la relevancia de los megaeventos deportivos para los intereses de los grupos de poder económico y político. Los organizadores locales se enfocaron en consolidar su poder a escala nacional y las organizaciones deportivas hegemónicas estatales e internacionales fortalecieron alianzas y desafíos en coordinación con los locales, lo cual generó espacialidades deportivas en contextos sociopolíticos diferenciados. En la Copa Mundial de Futbol 2018, como en todas las Copas, el gobierno ruso promovió con múltiples intereses la proyección de la imagen de un país desarrollado, con progreso económico y apertura internacional, buscando la reconciliación e integración nacional tras la caída en 1991 del bloque socialista. Asimismo, este trabajo tiene la finalidad de entender al deporte profesional de futbol como un objeto de estudio asociado con las diversas manifestaciones políticas a lo largo de la historia de Rusia, con énfasis en la relación deporte-Estado, en el periodo socialista (1917-1991) y tras la desintegración de la URSS. Se destaca en estos periodos cómo aprovecharon los gobiernos en turno y las élites rusas la exposición del país ante el mundo a partir de la organización de los megaventos de futbol para mostrar su poder de clase, el vanguardismo de la infraestructura de sus estadios, la modernidad de sus ciudades, la defensa de sus ideologías, valores, logros económicos y su papel como potencia mundial.
SENTIMIENTO Y AFECTO
Authors: Balladares Silvia , Saiz Mario 
Published: December 2021

Se explora la relación de la función sentimiento (Jung, 1921; Millon, 2001), con el afecto positivo y negativo (Watson et al. 1988), y las metas motivacionales expansión -preservación (Millon, 2001), en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios (n=200). La función sentimiento y la expansión - preservación se estudia a través del Inventario de Estilos de Personalidad [MIPS] (Millon, 2001) y el afecto positivo y negativo a través de la Escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo [PANAS] (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988), siendo la presente investigación parte de su traducción y adaptación para Uruguay. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe una correlación inversa entre la función sentimiento y el afecto positivo, no encontrándose correlación con afecto negativo y tampoco con expansión y preservación.
Hubungan Kecerdasan Intrapersonal dengan Minat Belajar Matematika Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah di Karanganyar
Authors: Sari Vera Kumala , Wibowo Ari 
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui: 1) Tingkat kecerdasan intrapersonal siswa kelas V; 2) Minat belajar matematika siswa kelas V; 3) Hubungan antara kecerdasan intrapersonal dengan minat belajar matematika siswa kelas V dan mengetahui model regresi linier sederhana antara kedua variabel. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif korelasional. Populasi siswa kelas V MI se-Kabupaten Karanganyar berjumlah 290 siswa dengan jumlah sampel 148 siswa yang diambil menggunakan teknik sampling area, namun hanya 148 data yang dianalisis. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kecerdasan intrapersonal siswa kelas V berada pada kategori sedang sebesar 54,70%; (2) Minat belajar matematika siswa kelas V berada dalam kategori sedang sebesar 51,40%; (3) Terdapat hubungan yang positif antara kecerdasan intrapersonal dengan minat belajar siswa kelas V dengan nilai 0,870 0,159, Model regresi linier sederhananya adalah = 22,978 + 0,851X. Model tersebut mengandung makna bahwa disetiap penambahan 1 satuan kecerdasan intrapersonal akan mampu meningkatkan minat belajar matematika siswa sebesar 0,851 satuan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan, semakin tinggi kecerdasan intrapersonal pesert didik, maka semakin meningkat pula minat belajarnya.