bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally Responsive Poly(ethylene oxide)‐Based Polyrotaxanes Bearing Hydrogen‐Bonding Pillar[5]arene Rings**
Authors: Kato Kenichi , Onishi Katsuto , Maeda Koki , Yagyu Masafumi , Fa Shixin , Ichikawa Takahiro , Mizuno Motohiro , Kakuta Takahiro , Yamagishi Tada‐aki , Ogoshi Tomoki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPoly(ethylene oxide)s (PEOs) are useful polymers with good water solubility, biological compatibility, and commercial availability. PEOs with various end groups were threaded into pillar[5]arene rings in a mixture of water and methanol to afford pseudopolyrotaxanes. Corresponding polyrotaxanes were also constructed by capping COOH‐terminated pseudopolyrotaxanes with bulky amines, in which multiple hydrogen bonds involving the pillar[5]arene OH groups were critically important to prevent dethreading. The number of threaded ring components could be rationally controlled in these materials, providing a simple and versatile method to tune the mechanical and thermal properties. Specifically, a polyrotaxane with a high‐molecular‐weight axle became elastic upon heating above the melting point of PEOs and exhibited temperature‐dependent shape memory property because of the topological confinement and crosslinked hydrogen bonds.
Legionellen im Kühlwasser kontinuierlich ermitteln
Authors: Ohme Holger , Becker Jennifer , Jahn Pascal , Heinecke Dirk 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEin neu entwickeltes Messgerät kann innerhalb weniger Stunden alle Legionellen Arten in einer Wasserprobe (Legionella spp. = species pluralis) bestimmen. Für technische Wassersysteme aus denen Aerosole ausgetragen werden können, bedeutet diese Möglichkeit eines zuverlässigen Schnelltests einen entscheidenden Fortschritt.
Die Pumpe macht's
Authors: Hüttemann Udo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMit dem Lean Lab hat BASF am Standort Münster ein hochmodernes, modulares Laborkonzept für die Herstellung von Fahrzeuglacken realisiert. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei digitalisierte und transparente Entwicklungsprozesse sowie ein hohes Maß an Ressourceneff
Teaching and Learning Scientific Inquiry – Step by Step
Authors: Sommer Katrin , Kring Petra , Strippel Christian Georg , Emmerich Katharina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNaturwissenschaftliche Erkenntnisgewinnung ist ein zentraler Kompetenzbereich des Chemieunterrichts. Das Herzstück stellt der Weg der Erkenntnisgewinnung dar. Für die reflektierte Nutzung des Weges der Erkenntnisgewinnung ist die Vermittlung von deklarativem Wissen über die einzelnen Schritte nötig. Wie Studien nahelegen, sollte dieses Methodenwissen explizit vermittelt werden. Das hier präsentierte Vermittlungskonzept zeigt für jeden Schritt die Bedeutung auf dem Weg der Erkenntnisgewinnung auf, benennt die Merkmale des Schrittes (Methodenwissen) und wendet das Methodenwissen in Form eines Merkmalschecks auf ein lehrplanrelevantes, experimentelles Beispiel an. Das unterstreicht die enge Verzahnung von Denkweisen (Methodenwissen) und Arbeitsweisen (Fachmethoden). Damit liegt erstmals ein Vermittlungskonzept für den Chemieunterricht der Sekundarstufe I vor, das den Weg der Erkenntnisgewinnung selbst zum Lernziel macht.
Improving Strategies in the Development of Protein‐Downregulation‐Based Antiandrogens
Authors: Zhang Rongyu , Huang Chenchao , Xiao Xiaohui , Zhou Jinming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe androgen receptor (AR) plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer (PCa), and its signaling pathway remains active in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. The resistance against antiandrogen drugs in current clinical use is a major challenge for the treatment of PCa, and thus the development of new generations of antiandrogens is under high demand. Recently, strategies for downregulating the AR have attracted significant attention, given its potential in the discovery and development of new antiandrogens, including G‐quadruplex stabilizers, ROR‐γ inhibitors, AR‐targeting proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), and other selective AR degraders (SARDs), which are able to overcome current resistance mechanisms such as acquired AR mutations, the expression of AR variable splices, or overexpression of AR. This review summarizes the various strategies for downregulating the AR protein, at either the mRNA or protein level, thus providing new ideas for the development of promising antiandrogen drugs.
Risk assessment for distant metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer using molecular profiling: A matched case‐control study
Authors: Yip Linwah , Gooding William E. , Nikitski Alyaksandr , Wald Abigail I. , Carty Sally E. , Karslioglu‐French Esra , Seethala Raja R. , Zandberg Dan P. , Ferris Robert L. , Nikiforova Marina N. , Nikiforov Yuri E. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundRisk stratification for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is based primarily on pathologic tumor characteristics. Accurate preoperative prognostication could allow for more informed initial surgical recommendations, particularly among patients at a higher risk for distant metastasis (DM). The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic profile of DTC with DM and to validate a molecular‐based risk stratification.MethodsA case‐control study design was used to analyze patients who had DTC with DM (n = 62) and a propensity matched cohort of patients who had DTC without DM after at least 5 years of follow‐up using the ThyroSeq version 3 targeted next‐generation sequencing assay. The results were classified into high‐risk, intermediate‐risk, and low‐risk of aggressive disease.ResultsMost patients who had DTC with DM (66%) had a late‐hit mutation in TERT, TP53, or PIK3CA. After propensity matching by age, tumor size, and sex, the high‐risk molecular profile had strong association with DM (high‐risk vs intermediate‐risk: odds ratio, 25.1; 95% CI, 3.07‐204.4; P < .001; high‐risk vs low‐risk: odds ratio, 122.5; 95% CI, 14.5‐1038.4; P < .001). Overall, molecular risk categories were associated with DM risk, with a concordance index of 0.836 (95% CI, 0.759‐0.913), which remained consistent after internal validation. Within the range of 5% to 10% of DM observed in DTC, the expected probability of DM would be 0.2% to 0.4% for the low‐risk molecular profile, 4.7% to 9.4% for the intermediate‐risk molecular profile, and 19.3% to 33.5% for the high‐risk molecular profile.ConclusionsIn this matched case‐control study, genetic profiling using an available molecular assay provided accurate and robust risk stratification for DM in patients with DTC. The availability of preoperative prognostication may allow tailoring treatment for patients with DTC.
DiPOSH: A portable OpenSHMEM implementation for short API‐to‐network path
Authors: Coti Camille , Malony Allen D. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryIn this article, we introduce DiPOSH, a multi‐network, distributed implementation of the OpenSHMEM standard. The core idea behind DiPOSH is to have an API‐to‐network software stack as slim as possible, in order to minimize the software overhead. Following the heritage of its non‐distributed parent POSH, DiPOSH's communication engine is organized around the processes' shared heaps, and remote communications are moving data from and to these shared heaps directly. This article presents its architecture and several communication drivers, including one that takes advantage of a helper process, called the Hub, for inter‐process communications. This architecture allows use to explore different options for implementing the communication drivers, from using high‐level, portable, optimized libraries to low‐level, close to the hardware communication routines. We present the perspectives opened by this additional component in terms of communication scheduling between and on the nodes. DiPOSH is available athttps://github.com/coti/DiPOSH.
Monocyte CD169 expression in COVID‐19 patients upon intensive care unit admission
Authors: Ortillon Marine , Coudereau Remy , Cour Martin , Rimmelé Thomas , Godignon Marine , Gossez Morgane , Yonis Hodane , Argaud Laurent , Lukaszewicz Anne‐Claire , Venet Fabienne , Monneret Guillaume 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the second surge of COVID‐19 in France (fall 2020), we assessed the expression of monocyte CD169 (i.e., Siglec‐1, one of the numerous IFN‐stimulated genes) upon admission to intensive care units of 45 patients with RT‐PCR‐confirmed SARS‐CoV2 pulmonary infection. Overall, CD169 expression was strongly induced on circulating monocytes of COVID‐19 patients compared with healthy donors and patients with bacterial sepsis. Beyond its contribution at the emergency department, CD169 testing may be also helpful for patients' triage at the ICU to rapidly reinforce suspicion of COVID‐19 etiology in patients with acute respiratory failure awaiting for PCR results for definitive diagnosis.
Validation of inducible basophil biomarkers: Time, temperature and transportation
Authors: Kim Theodore , Yu Jing , Li Henry , Scarupa Mark , Wasserman Richard L. , Economides Athena , White Martha , Ward Carla , Shah Atul , Jones Douglas , Rathkopf Melinda , Frye Kelly , Aybar Ahmet , Shayegan Shahrooz , Enav Benjamin , Ispas Laura , Loizou Denise , Fitzhugh David , Tracy James , Friedlander James , Jacobs Zachary , Matz Jonathan , Golden David , McNeil Donald , McCann William , Copenhaver Christopher , Factor Jeffrey , Gupta Raavi , Alpan Oral , Plassmeyer Matthew , Sønder Søren Ulrik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe short stability window of several hours from blood collection to measuring basophil activation has limited the use of flow cytometry‐based basophil activation assays in clinical settings. We examine if it is possible to extend this window to 1 day allowing for shipment of samples between laboratories. Several options exist for reporting the results including reporting all the measured values directly, calculating ratios and reporting a single value covering all measured results. Each of these options have different stability and value to the physician.MethodsWhole blood samples from peanut allergic patients were stimulated with four different peanut concentrations at Day 0, Day 1, and Day 2. Samples were stored under temperature‐controlled conditions. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the samples. The basophil activation and degranulation were measured as percentage of positive CD63 basophils and CD203c MFI fold change. Shipped samples were transported under ambient conditions.ResultsThe results show that CD63 is a stable marker at Day 1. The CD203c ratio decreases significantly at Day 1. Calculating the CD63/IgE ratio proves to be more stable than CD63 alone. The most stable readouts are the semi‐quantitative results and the trajectory of the dose response curve. Finally, we confirmed that the stability can be extended to samples shipped overnight to the laboratory.ConclusionsIt is possible to extend the stability of the basophil activation assay to 1 day for samples stored at 18–25°C as well as samples shipped under ambient conditions as long as the temperature is within the 2–37°C range.
T‐MoCA: A valid phone screen for cognitive impairment in diverse community samples
Authors: Katz Mindy J. , Wang Cuiling , Nester Caroline O. , Derby Carol A. , Zimmerman Molly E. , Lipton Richard B. , Sliwinski Martin J. , Rabin Laura A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is an urgent need to validate telephone versions of widely used general cognitive measures, such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T‐MoCA), for remote assessments.MethodsIn the Einstein Aging Study, a diverse community cohort (n = 428; mean age = 78.1; 66% female; 54% non‐White), equivalence testing was used to examine concordance between the T‐MoCA and the corresponding in‐person MoCA assessment. Receiver operating characteristic analyses examined the diagnostic ability to discriminate between mild cognitive impairment and normal cognition. Conversion methods from T‐MoCA to the MoCA are presented.ResultsEducation, race/ethnicity, gender, age, self‐reported cognitive concerns, and telephone administration difficulties were associated with both modes of administration; however, when examining the difference between modalities, these factors were not significant. Sensitivity and specificity for the T‐MoCA (using Youden's index optimal cut) were 72% and 59%, respectively.DiscussionThe T‐MoCA demonstrated sufficient psychometric properties to be useful for screening of MCI, especially when clinic visits are not feasible.
Atypical protein kinase C is essential for embryonic vascular development in mice
Authors: Chen Zee , Duan Yaoyun , Wang Hong , Tang Huayuan , Wang Shijia , Wang Xinru , Liu Jie , Fang Xi , Ouyang Kunfu 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe atypical PKC (aPKC) subfamily constitutes PKCζ and PKCλ in mice, and both aPKC isoforms have been proposed to be involved in regulating various endothelial cell (EC) functions. However, the physiological function of aPKC in ECs during embryonic development has not been well understood. To address this question, we utilized Tie2‐Cre to delete PKCλ alone (PKCλ‐SKO) or both PKCλ and PKCζ (DKO) in ECs, and found that all DKO mice died at around the embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5), whereas a small proportion of PKCλ‐SKO mice survived till birth. PKCλ‐SKO embryos also exhibited less phenotypic severity than DKO embryos at E10.5 and E11.5, suggesting a potential compensatory role of PKCζ for PKCλ in embryonic ECs. We then focused on DKO embryos and investigated the effects of aPKC deficiency on embryonic vascular development. At E9.5, deletion of both aPKC isoforms reduced the diameters of vitelline artery and vein, and decreased branching from both vitelline vessels in yolk sac. Ablation of both aPKC isoforms also disrupted embryonic angiogenesis in head and trunk at the same stage, increasing apoptosis of both ECs and non‐ECs. Taken together, our results demonstrated that aPKC in ECs plays an essential role in regulating cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, and embryonic survival.
Beta diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with leaf patches in neotropical montane streams
Authors: Callisto Marcos , Linares Marden S. , Kiffer Walace P. , Hughes Robert M. , Moretti Marcelo S. , Macedo Diego R. , Solar Ricardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver 70% of the total channel length in all river basins is formed by low order streams, many of which originate on mountaintops. Headwater streams play fundamental roles in processing and transporting terrestrial and aquatic organic matter, often harboring high biodiversity in bottom leaf patches deposited from riparian vegetation. The objective of this study was to assess the variation in taxonomic composition (measured by beta diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates) among stream sites located in the Espinhaço Meridional Mountain Range, part of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in eastern Brazil. We tested two hypotheses. (a) Taxa turnover is the main reason for differences in aquatic insect assemblages within stream sites; we predicted that turnover would be higher than nestedness in all stream sites. (b) Stream site altitude and catchment elevation range are the main explanatory variables for the differences in beta diversity; we predicted that local stream site variables would account for only minor amounts of variation. In both dry and wet seasons, we sampled twice in two habitat types (five leaf patches in pools and five in riffles) in each of nine stream sites distributed in three different river basins. We computed average pairwise beta diversity among sampling stations and seasons in each stream site by using Jaccard and Bray–Curtis indices, and calculated the percentages of diversity resulting from turnover and nestedness. Finally, we tested the degree that local‐ or catchment‐level predictor variables explained beta diversity. We found that turnover was the main component of beta diversity and that both dissolved oxygen and elevation range best explained Bray–Curtis beta diversity. These results reinforce the importance of leaf patches in montane (sky islands) Neotropical savanna streams as biodiversity hotbeds for macroinvertebrates, and that both local and landscape variables explained beta diversity.
Life‐history traits, geographical range, and conservation aspects of reef fishes from the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific
Authors: Quimbayo Juan Pablo , Silva Fernanda Carolina , Mendes Thiago Costa , Ferrari Débora Silva , Danielski Samara Leopoldino , Bender Mariana Gomes , Parravicini Valeriano , Kulbicki Michel , Floeter Sergio Ricardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReef fish represent one of the most diverse vertebrate groups on Earth, with over 7,000 species distributed around the globe. This richness is not evenly distributed geographically. The Atlantic (AT) and the Eastern Pacific (EP) encompass 30% of the global fish fauna. These areas have been considered the most isolated from the marine biodiversity hotspot in the Indo‐Pacific due to distinct physical barriers, such as the Tethyan closure and the distance between the EP and the western Pacific. Despite their comparatively lower species richness, these realms host unique fish assemblages characterized by a remarkable proportion of regional endemics and species with large body size. Here, we present the largest database of life‐history traits and biogeographical and conservation aspects presently available for the reef fish fauna of the AT and the EP realms. The database includes 21 traits distributed into behavioral (home range, diel activity, group size, level in the water column, three measures of preferred temperature), morphological (maximum body size, size class, body shape, aspect ratio, caudal fin, mouth position), and ecological (trophic level, diet, spawning strategy, depth of occurrence, two allometric constants, pelagic larval duration, and life span), as well as biogeographical (geographic range index, range extension, species distribution in 20 marine provinces, latitude north and south of occurrence, total number of provinces where species occur, occurrence in the AT and EP), and conservation aspects (IUCN status, vulnerability and global market price). We compiled these data through a careful review of 104 local checklists published between 1982 and 2020, online repositories, local reports, books, and monographs on specific families or genera. We limited our database to localities situated between latitudes 51°N and 45°S that including shallow and upper mesophotic biogenic and/or rocky reefs habitats. Our database covers 2,198 species belonging to 146 families and 655 reef fish genera distributed in two marine realms (1,458 in the AT, 829 in the EP, and 89 in both realms) and 20 marine provinces. This database of reef fish offers the opportunity to explore novel ecological and evolutionary questions at different scales and provides tools for species conservation based on these traits. There are no copyright or proprietary restrictions for research or teaching purposes.
Prognostic impact of elevated fatty acid‐binding protein 1 in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kagami Kazuki , Sunaga Hiroaki , Sorimachi Hidemi , Harada Tomonari , Yoshida Kuniko , Kato Toshimitsu , Kurosawa Koji , Kawakami Ryo , Koitabashi Norimichi , Iso Tatsuya , Adachi Takeshi , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Obokata Masaru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsFew biomarkers to evaluate pathophysiological changes in extra‐cardiac tissues have been identified in patients with heart failure (HF). Fatty acid‐binding protein 1 (FABP), also known as liver FABP, is predominantly expressed in the liver. Circulating FABP1 has been proposed to be a sensitive biomarker for liver injury. However, little is known about the potential role of FABP1 as a biomarker for HF.Methods and resultsMeasurements of serum FABP1 and echocardiography were performed in subjects with compensated HF (n = 162) and control subjects without HF (n = 20). Patients were prospectively followed‐up for a composite outcome of all‐cause mortality or HF hospitalization. Compared with control subjects, levels of FABP1 were elevated in HF patients [7.9 (6.4–11.7) vs. 17.6 (10.4–28.9) ng/mL, P < 0.0001]. There were significant correlations between FABP1 levels and estimated right ventricular systolic pressure and right atrial pressure. During a median follow‐up of 12.0 months, there were 55 primary composite endpoints in the HF cohort. The highest FABP1 tertile was associated with a three‐fold increased risk of the composite outcome compared with the lowest tertile [95% confidence interval (1.46–6.68), P = 0.003], but other conventional hepatobiliary markers did not predict the outcome. After adjusting for age, sex, atrial fibrillation, and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels, serum FABP1 remained independently associated with the outcome. Adding FABP1 to the model based on clinical factors and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide significantly improved the prognostic value (global χ2 20.8 vs. 15.5, P = 0.01).ConclusionSerum FABP1 levels are elevated in compensated HF patients, and the magnitude of elevation is independently associated with pulmonary hypertension, right atrial hypertension, and worse clinical outcomes. FABP1 may serve as a new potential biomarker for the assessment of hitherto unrecognized derangement of cardio‐hepatic interaction in HF.
Highly multiplexed tissue imaging using repeated oligonucleotide exchange reaction
Authors: Kennedy‐Darling Julia , Bhate Salil S. , Hickey John W. , Black Sarah , Barlow Graham L. , Vazquez Gustavo , Venkataraaman Vishal G. , Samusik Nikolay , Goltsev Yury , Schürch Christian M. , Nolan Garry P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultiparameter tissue imaging enables analysis of cell‐cell interactions in situ, the cellular basis for tissue structure, and novel cell types that are spatially restricted, giving clues to biological mechanisms behind tissue homeostasis and disease. Here, we streamlined and simplified the multiplexed imaging method CO‐Detection by indEXing (CODEX) by validating 58 unique oligonucleotide barcodes that can be conjugated to antibodies. We showed that barcoded antibodies retained their specificity for staining cognate targets in human tissue. Antibodies were visualized one at a time by adding a fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide complementary to oligonucleotide barcode, imaging, stripping, and repeating this cycle. With this we developed a panel of 46 antibodies that was used to stain five human lymphoid tissues: three tonsils, a spleen, and a LN. To analyze the data produced, an image processing and analysis pipeline was developed that enabled single‐cell analysis on the data, including unsupervised clustering, that revealed 31 cell types across all tissues. We compared cell‐type compositions within and directly surrounding follicles from the different lymphoid organs and evaluated cell‐cell density correlations. This sequential oligonucleotide exchange technique enables a facile imaging of tissues that leverages pre‐existing imaging infrastructure to decrease the barriers to broad use of multiplexed imaging.