bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex Airway Management in Patients with Tracheal Cartilaginous Sleeves
Authors: Noble Anisha R. , Cunningham Michael L. , Lam Austin , Wenger Tara L. , Sie Kathleen C. , Perkins Jonathan A. , Dahl John P. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives/HypothesisA tracheal cartilaginous sleeve (TCS) is a rare anomaly characterized by anterior fusion of tracheal cartilages. TCS is associated with syndromic craniosynostoses including Apert, Crouzon and Pfeiffer syndromes and FGFR2, FGFR3, and TWIST1 variants. This study presents a 30‐year review of patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and TCS and describes diagnostic methods, genetic variants, surgical interventions, and long‐term outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective, single‐institution review.MethodsThis review included patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and TCS treated at Seattle Children's Hospital from 1990 to 2020. Tracheostomy, genetic variants, and additional surgery were primary measures. Fisher's exact test compared need for tracheostomy in patients with proposed high‐risk (FGFR2 p.W290 or FGFR2 p.C342) versus low‐risk genetic variants.ResultsThirty patients with TCS were identified. Average age at diagnosis was 12 months (range 2‐weeks to 7.9‐years; standard deviation 19.8 months). Syndromes included Pfeiffer (37%), Apert (37%), and Crouzon (26%). Severe obstructive sleep apnea was present in 76% of patients. Tracheostomy was performed in 17 patients (57%); five were successfully decannulated. Additional interventions included adenotonsillectomy (57%), nasal (20%), laryngeal (17%), and craniofacial skeletal surgery (87%). All patients with Pfeiffer syndrome and FGFR2 p.W290C variants and 83% of patients with FGFR2 p.C342 variants required tracheostomy, differing from other variants (P = .02, odds ratio 33, 95% confidence interval 1.56–697.96). One patient (3%) died.ConclusionTCS contributes to multilevel airway obstruction in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis. Genetic testing in patients with FGFR2‐related syndromic craniosynostoses may identify those at risk of TCS and facilitate early intervention. A better understanding of this patient population may foster individualized airway management strategies and improve outcomes.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:215–221, 2022
Fatigue‐creep interaction performance of Incoloy 825 nickel‐based superalloy at 650 °C
Authors: Huo X. , Li F. , Zhu Q. , Chen L. , Wang B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fatigue‐creep interaction performance of Incoloy 825 nickel‐based superalloy at 650 °C was investigated through introducing the tensile, compressive, and tensile‐compressive strain hold time at the controlled total strain amplitude Δϵt = 0.3 %∼0.7 %. The results show that the Incoloy 825 nickel‐based superalloy exhibits the cyclic hardening behavior, the cyclic hardening behavior followed by cyclic softening behavior and the cyclic hardening behavior followed by cyclic stability during the cyclic deformation with tensile strain hold time, while the alloy exhibits the cyclic hardening behavior and the cyclic hardening behavior followed by the cyclic stability during the cyclic deformation with compressive and tensile‐compressive strain hold time. The relationship between both plastic and elastic strain amplitudes with reversals to failure for the alloy shows a single slope linear behavior, which can be described by the Coffin‐Manson and Basquin equations, respectively. The deformation mechanism of the alloy under three loading condition of fatigue‐creep interaction is mainly the planar slip. In addition, under three loading condition of fatigue‐creep interaction, the cracks initiate and propagate in the transgranular mode.
Shape memory and mechanical characterization of polylactic acid wood composite fabricated by fused filament fabrication 4D printing technology
Authors: Sharma A. , Singholi A.K.S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study focuses on fabrication and characterization of polylactic acid wood composite fabricated using fused filament fabrication 4D printing technology. The major tests performed to investigate the effect of nanosilica and nanoalumina included shape recovery rate, hardness, compressive strength, dynamic mechanical properties and Thermo‐gravimetric analysis. The result of mechanical test indicated that the addition of 2 wt.% nanoalumina improved the hardness, compressive strength and flexural strength by 40 %, 25 % and 3.3 % respectively. On the other hand, the addition of 2 wt.% nanosilica improved the hardness, compressive strength and flexural strength by 60 %, 55 % and 10 % respectively. Further, the addition of nanosilica and nanoalumina improved the thermal stability and decreased the maximum shape recovery rate of wood polylactic acid composite. Nanosilica reinforced wood polylactic acid composite indicated a better choice as compared to nanoalumina reinforced wood polylactic acid composite in terms of mechanical properties, thermal properties and maximum shape recovery rate.
Design and validation of an MRI‐compatible mechatronic system for needle delivery to localized prostate cancer
Authors: Knull Eric , Bax Jeffrey Scott , Park Claire Keun Sun , Tessier David , Fenster Aaron 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeProstate cancer is the most common non‐cutaneous cancer among men in the United States and is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. (Siegel et al. [2019] CA: A Cancer J Clin.69(1):7‐34.) Focal laser ablation (FLA) has the potential to control small tumors while preserving urinary and erectile function by leaving the neurovascular bundles and urethral sphincters intact. Accurate needle guidance is critical to the success of FLA. Multiparametric magnetic resonance images (mpMRI) can be used to identify targets, guide needles, and assess treatment outcomes. The purpose of this work was to design and evaluate the accuracy of an MR‐compatible mechatronic system for in‐bore transperineal guidance of FLA ablation needles to localized lesions in the prostate.MethodsThe mechatronic system was constructed entirely of non‐ferromagnetic materials, with actuation controlled by piezoelectric motors and optical encoders. The needle guide hangs between independent front and rear two‐link arms, which allows for horizontal and vertical translation as well as pitch and yaw rotation of the guide with a 6.0 cm range of motion in each direction. Needles are inserted manually through a chosen hole in the guide, which has been aligned with the target in the prostate. Open‐air positioning error was evaluated using an optical tracking system (0.25 mm RMS accuracy) to measure 125 trajectories in free space. Correction of systematic bias in the system was performed using 85 of the trajectories, and the remaining 40 were used to estimate the residual error. The error was calculated as the horizontal and vertical displacement between the axis of the desired and measured trajectories at a typical needle insertion depth of 10 cm. MR‐compatibility was evaluated using a grid phantom to assess image degradation due to the presence of the system, and induced force, heating, and electrical interference in the system were assessed qualitatively. In‐bore positioning error was evaluated on 25 trajectories.ResultsOpen‐air mean positioning error at the needle tip was 0.80 ± 0.36 mm with a one‐sided 95% confidence interval of 1.40 mm. The mean deviation of needle trajectories from the planned direction was 0.14 ± 0.06∘. In the MR bore, the mean positioning error at the needle tip was 2.11 ± 1.05 mm with a one‐sided 95% prediction interval of 3.84 mm. The mean angular error was 0.49 ± 0.26∘. The system was found to be compatible with the MR environment under the specified gradient‐echo sequence parameters used in this study.ConclusionA complete system for delivering needles to localized prostate tumors was developed and described in this work, and its compatibility with the MR environment was demonstrated. In‐bore MRI positioning error was sufficiently small for targeting small localized prostate tumors.
Guidelines for genetic testing of muscle and neuromuscular junction disorders
Authors: Nicolau Stefan , Milone Margherita , Liewluck Teerin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite recent advances in the understanding of inherited muscle and neuromuscular junction diseases, as well as the advent of a wide range of genetic tests, patients continue to face delays in diagnosis of sometimes treatable disorders. These guidelines outline an approach to genetic testing in such disorders. Initially, a patient's phenotype is evaluated to identify myopathies requiring directed testing, including myotonic dystrophies, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, mitochondrial myopathies, dystrophinopathies, and oculopharyngodistal myopathy. Initial investigation in the remaining patients is generally a comprehensive gene panel by next‐generation sequencing. Broad panels have a higher diagnostic yield and can be cost‐effective. Due to extensive phenotypic overlap and treatment implications, genes responsible for congenital myasthenic syndromes should be included when evaluating myopathy patients. For patients whose initial genetic testing is negative or inconclusive, phenotypic re‐evaluation is warranted, along with consideration of genes and variants not included initially, as well as their acquired mimickers.
Numerical modeling of thermo‐mechanical failure processes in granitic rock with polygonal finite elements
Authors: Saksala Timo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper considers numerical modeling of intensive heating induced thermo‐mechanical failure processes in granitic rock. For this end, a numerical method based on polygonal finite elements and a damage‐plasticity model is developed. A staggered scheme is employed to solve the global thermo‐mechanical problem. The rock failure is described by a Rankine‐Mohr‐Coulomb plasticity model with separate scalar damage variables for tension and compression. Consistent tangent operator is derived for this model. Special attention is given to the temperature dependence of the thermo‐mechanical material properties of heterogeneous rock. In the numerical examples, the method is first verified with an analytical solution of thermal stresses in a hollow cylinder, and then qualitatively validated with the problems of thermal cracking of concentric cylinders and uniaxial compressive test on rock under elevated temperatures. Finally, the method is applied in novel simulations inspired by the degradation of sauna stones under slow heating‐rapid cooling and the comminution by rapid heating‐cooling cycles.
The accuracy and safety of using the electrocardiogram positioning technique in localizing the peripherally inserted central catheter tip position: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Chen , Shulan Luo , Juan Wang , ling Lin , Chun‐Mei Luo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the accuracy and safety of using the electrocardiogram (ECG) positioning technique to localize the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) tip position to provide objective evidence for its clinical application.MethodsWe searched the literature for randomized controlled trials evaluating the diagnostic analysis of using electrocardiograms to localize PICC tip positions in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and PsycINFO databases. We used a risk ratio with accompanying 95% confidence interval (CI) to express estimates. Reviewer Manager (RevMan) 5.1.0 was used to complete all statistical analyses.ResultsThis systematic review identified 9 studies (N = 3,194 patients). Overall, the results of the meta‐analysis revealed that, for patients in whom the ECG positioning method was used compared with patients in whom the landmark positioning method was used, the RR for accurate catheter tip positioning was RR = 1.17, and the difference was statistically significant. The RR for the incidence of complications was RR = 0.28, and the difference was statistically significant.ConclusionsThe application of ECGs in PICC tip positioning can improve the accuracy of catheter tip positioning and reduce the incidence of related complications.
Treated with preventive anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation: The patients’ perspective
Authors: Olsson Karin , Hörnsten Åsa , Hellström Ängerud Karin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore patients’ experiences of preventive anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation.DesignThis was a descriptive qualitative study based on interviews.MethodsIndividual interviews with 15 patients, 6 women and 9 men, treated with preventive oral anticoagulant due to atrial fibrillation, were conducted. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.ResultsBased on the analysis, the theme Managing a necessary evil emerged. The theme comprised the three categories: Coping with anxiety and changes in daily life, Having confidence in care and Being a partner or only a receiver of treatment. Patients described it like being faced with a situation where a treatment perceived as vital was weighed against undesirable consequences and risks. Patients trusted caregivers and had confidence in care, but there was a risk of being a receiver of care instead of becoming a partner.
Unifying ultrafast laser imaging and spectroscopy
Authors: Leburn Christopher G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdvancements in recent years have shown rapid growth in the application of ultrashort pulsed lasers as a light source for sophisticated biological imaging techniques, including multiphoton microscopy. Conversely, ultrafast laser systems are increasingly used to drive advances in Raman spectroscopy or using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify chemical and biological signatures.
Smart monitoring of battery welding processes
Authors: Dupriez Nataliya Deyneka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the key laser application areas in the e‐automotive industry is the welding of the battery. Sensor systems from Lessmüller Lasertechnik ensure reliable, high‐precision joining, which is vital in the assembly of any battery. Installed to various remote and fixed welding optics, the OCT, WELDCHECK, and WELDEYE sensor systems demonstrate real‐time monitoring capability with great accuracy and over a wide dynamic range, enabling faster, cost‐effective e‐automotive laser processes and streamlined production.
Multidimensional conceptualization of identity and psychopathology: Assessing mental health disparities from an intersectional and dimensional framework
Authors: Langwerden Robbert J. , Thompson Michelle G. , Wagner Eric F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBlack, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) currently constitute 40% of the US population and will become the majority by 2045. Current mental health systems have not sufficiently accounted for disparities, inequities, and social determinants impacting BIPOC lives. We outline several advances that could improve mental health disparities research. Research on BIPOC requires mental health assessment accurately capturing multiple facets of one's identity, taking into account the complexities of multifaceted historical oppression. Assessing (personality) psychopathology in a dimensional and hierarchical manner could provide greater insight into mental health disparities between diverse identity individuals. We encourage studying moderators that are protective assets for BIPOC—such as resiliency and community factors—as opposed to deficit‐dominant, category‐based, and majority‐dominant assessments.
Rock temperature prior to failure: Analysis of 209 rockfall events in the Mont Blanc massif (Western European Alps)
Authors: Legay Alexandre , Magnin Florence , Ravanel Ludovic 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeriglacial rock walls are affected by an increase in rockfall activity attributed to permafrost degradation. While recent laboratory tests have asserted the role of permafrost in bedrock stability, linking experimental findings to field applications is hindered by the difficulty in assessing bedrock temperature at observed rockfall locations and time. In this study, we simulated bedrock temperature for 209 rockfalls inventoried in the Mont Blanc massif between 2007 and 2015 and 209,000 random events artificially created at observed rockfall locations. Real and random events are then compared in a statistical analysis to determine their significance. Permafrost conditions (or very close to 0°C) were consistently found for all events with failure depth > 6 m, and for some events affecting depths from 4 to 6 m. Shallower events were probably not related to permafrost processes. Surface temperatures were significantly high up to at least 2 months prior to failure, with the highest peaks in significance 1.5–2 months and 1–5 days before rockfalls. Similarly, temperatures at scar depths were significantly high, but steadily decreasing, 1 day to 3 weeks before failure. The study confirms that warm permafrost areas (> −2°C) are particularly prone to rockfalls, and that failures are a direct response to extraordinary high bedrock temperature in both frozen and unfrozen conditions. The results are promising for the development of a rockfall susceptibility index, but uncertainty analysis encourages the use of a greater rockfall sample and a different sample of random events.
Genesis of severe cyclonic storm Mora in the presence of tropical waves over the North Indian Ocean
Authors: Emmanuel Rongmie , Deshpande Medha , Ganadhi Mano Kranthi , Ingle Sophan T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) genesis is still a crucial mysterious problem in tropical meteorology. Over the North Indian Ocean (NIO), TC Mora genesis commenced as a depression on May 28, 2017. Kalpana‐IR satellite images indicate a disturbance that developed as a depression within Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall shows the organization of convection that started with clustering of clouds on May 24; thereafter, cloud patches remained intact and became a depression on May 28. During the pre‐genesis period (May 20–28), the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was in phase 2 with amplitude greater than 1 and equatorial Rossby (ER) wave was also active over the Indian Basin. These waves facilitated intense convection through the supply of mid‐level moisture and low‐level vorticity required for the genesis. The presence of ER wave resulted in the formation of circulation at 850 hPa over the equatorial region. From May 22 to 23, the existence of a quasiclosed circulation (QCC) region within ER wave indicates a continuous buildup of moisture and vorticity, separating the region of moist and dry air. Later, the QCC became self‐sustained and evolved into a depression on May 28. The streamline overturning point is the inflection point (IP), and the approximate circulation center is the stagnant point (SP). The coexistence of IP and SP along with the minimum stream function and maximum column integrated total precipitable water (TPW) confirms the potential area of genesis. This criterion is applied to track the seeding of vorticity as the preferred genesis location, 5 days before genesis. These locations match well with the best track data locations provided by the India Meteorological Department after May 28. Processes within the QCC are also studied following the QCC during the formation of the depression.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mistry K. , Levell N. J. , Craig P. , Steven N. M. , Venables Z. C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine carcinoma. The cellular origin of MCC may include Merkel cell precursors. The incidence of MCC has increased significantly however trends may have been confounded by evolving diagnostic criteria. The two key aetiologies of MCC are ultraviolet radiation and Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCPyV). Both have unique mechanisms of carcinogenesis. MCC presents non-specifically as a rapidly growing, red-to-violet nodule on sun-exposed areas. Diagnostic accuracy has improved through immunohistochemical markers such as CK-20. Lymph nodes should be evaluated in MCC through examination and sentinel biopsy. USS, CT, MRI and CT-PET may be useful in staging. Management depends on tumour location, stage and comorbidities. MCPyV status may guide treatment strategy in the future. Treatment for the primary MCC is commonly wide local excision followed by radiotherapy, guided by anatomical constraints. There is uncertainty about surgical margins. Treatments for nodal disease have not been determined through trials. They include nodal dissection or radiotherapy for clinically or radiologically apparent disease, and adjuvant nodal irradiation for negative nodes, microscopic disease or following nodal dissection for definite disease. Patients with loco-regional advanced inoperable disease should be considered for combination therapy including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and immunotherapy. Systemic therapy for advanced disease includes immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Avelumab can improve survival in metastatic MCC. Immunotherapy may result in longer disease control. Various other immunotherapeutic and molecular agents are undergoing trials. MCC continues to have a high mortality characterized by high recurrence and early metastases.
Synthesis and Optimization of a Highly Stable and Efficient BN/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Phenol Degradation: A Photocatalytic, Mechanistic and Environmental Impact Study
Authors: Al‐Kandari Shekhah A. , Mohamed Ahmed M. , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , AlMarzouq Douaa S. , Nasrallah Gheyath K. , Sharaf Mohammed A. , Younes Nadine , Hamdan Munia M. , Altahtamouni Talal , Al‐Kandari Halema A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDifferent BN/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared hydrothermally, and their ratio was optimized to get the best photocatalytic performance towards phenol degradation. They were characterized by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopies coupled with energy dispersive x‐ray units, BET surface area, and UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance. The bandgap energy was reduced from 3.35 to 2.95 eV due to the formation of the B−O−Ti bond. This allowed the exploitation of the visible light and inhibited the TiO2 e−/h+ recombination, and consequently, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was dramatically improved. Almost 90 % mineralization of 20 ppm phenol solution was achieved within 30 min under simulated sunlight. The as‐prepared composite showed excellent stability and reusability. Mechanistic analysis indicated that
and h+ played a crucial role in phenol degradation. The nanocomposite′s biocompatibility and environmental impact were evaluated by analyzing its potential toxicity in vivo using the zebrafish embryos. 96‐hpf acute toxicity assays, including the mortality rate assay (to obtain the LC50 values) and teratogenic assays (to obtain the No Observed Effect Concentration, NOEC) was conducted. The LC50 value for BN/TiO2 was 482.5 mg L−1, and the NOEC was 100 mg L−1. Based on LC50 value and according to the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) acute toxicity rating scale, the photocatalyst is “practically not toxic.”