bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating the Impact of Mg Substitution on the Properties of NASICON‐Na3+yV2−yMgy(PO4)3 Cathodes
Authors: Ghosh Subham , Barman Nabadyuti , Gonzalez‐Correa Eliovardo , Mazumder Madhulika , Zaveri Aryan , Giovine Raynald , Manche Alexis , Pati Swapan K. , Clément Raphaële J. , Senguttuvan Premkumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVanadium multiredox‐based NASICON‐NazV2−yMy(PO4)3 (3 ≤ z ≤ 4; M = Al3+, Cr3+, and Mn2+) cathodes are particularly attractive for Na‐ion battery applications due to their high Na insertion voltage (>3.5 V vs Na+/Na0), reversible storage capacity (≈150 mA h g−1), and rate performance. However, their practical application is hindered by rapid capacity fade due to bulk structural rearrangements at high potentials involving complex redox and local structural changes. To decouple these factors, a series of Mg2+‐substituted Na3+yV2−yMgy(PO4)3 (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) cathodes is studied for which the only redox‐active species is vanadium. While X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the formation of solid solutions between the y = 0 and 1 end members, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance reveal a complex evolution of the local structure upon progressive Mg2+ substitution for V3+. Concurrently, the intercalation voltage rises from 3.35 to 3.45 V, due to increasingly more ionic VO bonds, and the sodium (de)intercalation mechanism transitions from a two‐phase for y ≤ 0.5 to a solid solution process for y ≥ 0.5, as confirmed by in operando XRD, while Na‐ion diffusion kinetics follow a nonlinear trend across the compositional series.
Out‐of‐Plane Resistance Switching of 2D Bi2O2Se at the Nanoscale
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Zhang Rongjie , Zheng Rongxu , Liu Bilu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) with high electron mobility shows great potential for nanoelectronics. Although the in‐plane properties of Bi2O2Se have been widely studied, its out‐of‐plane electrical transport behavior remains elusive, despite its importance in fabricating devices with new functionality and high integration density. Here, the out‐of‐plane electrical properties of 2D Bi2O2Se at nanoscale are revealed by conductive atomic force microscope. This work finds that hillocks with tunable heights and sizes are formed on Bi2O2Se after applying a vertical electric field. Intriguingly, such hillocks are conductive in the vertical direction, resulting in a previously unknown out‐of‐plane resistance switching in thick Bi2O2Se flakes while ohmic conductive characteristic in thin ones. Furthermore, the transformation is observed from bipolar to stable unipolar conduction in thick Bi2O2Se flake possessing such hillocks, suggesting its potential to function as a selector in vertical devices. This work reveals the unique out‐of‐plane transport behavior of 2D Bi2O2Se, providing the basis for fabricating vertical devices based on this emerging 2D material.
Reusable Polyacrylonitrile‐Sulfur Extractor of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater
Authors: Li Peng , Jiang Haibin , Barr Ariel , Ren Zhichu , Gao Rui , Wang Hua , Fan Weiwei , Zhu Meifang , Xu Guiyin , Li Ju 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMercury, lead, and cadmium are among the most toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal ions (HMIs), posing serious threats to the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems and public health. There is an urgent need to remove these ions from water by a cheap but green process. Traditional methods have insufficient removal efficiency and reusability. Structurally robust, large surface‐area adsorbents functionalized with high‐selectivity affinity to HMIs are attractive filter materials. Here, an adsorbent prepared by vulcanization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a nitrogen‐rich polymer, is reported, giving rise to PAN‐S nanoparticles with cyclic π‐conjugated backbone and electronic conductivity. PAN‐S can be coated on ultra‐robust melamine (ML) foam by simple dipping and drying. In agreement with hard/soft acid/base theory, N‐ and S‐containing soft Lewis bases have strong binding to Hg2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+, with extraordinary capture efficiency and performance stability. Furthermore, the used filters, when collected and electrochemically biased in a recycling bath, can release the HMIs into the bath and electrodeposit on the counter‐electrode as metallic Hg0, Pb0, Cu0, and Cd0, and the PAN‐S@ML filter can then be reused at least 6 times as new. The electronically conductive PAN‐S@ML filter can be fabricated cheaply and holds promise for scale‐up applications.
Layered Metal‐Halide Perovskite Single‐Crystalline Microwire Arrays for Anisotropic Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Zhao Jinjin , Zhao Yingjie , Guo Yangwu , Zhan Xiuqin , Feng Jiangang , Geng Yue , Yuan Meng , Fan Xin , Gao Hanfei , Jiang Lei , Yan Yongli , Wu Yuchen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic metal‐halide perovskites with diverse structure tunability are promising for nonlinear‐optical (NLO) applications, such as frequency conversion and electro‐optic modulation. For integrated NLO devices, single‐crystalline perovskite micro‐ and nanostructures with high quality and multifunctionality are in high demand. However, the fabrication of single‐crystalline perovskites arrays is still challenging in regulating liquid dynamics and crystal growth simultaneously. Herein, a capillary‐bridge‐manipulated strategy is established to steer the dewetting process of microdroplets and provide spatial confinement for crystal growth. These 1D perovskite microwire arrays show regulated geometry, pure orientation, and single crystallinity. Chiral ammonium molecules are introduced into the metal‐halide octahedral quantum wells to break the centrosymmetry of the perovskite, allowing the perovskite to exhibit excellent second‐order NLO properties. The as‐prepared microwire arrays also demonstrate linearly polarized second harmonic generation and two‐photon fluorescence. Microwire arrays exhibit higher second harmonic conversion efficiency compared with their polycrystalline thin‐film counterparts. It is believed that this strategy for the fabrication of chiral perovskite microstructure arrays holds great promise for NLO integrated applications and opens up an avenue to explore multifunctional chiral perovskites.
3D Printing Personalized, Photocrosslinkable Hydrogel Wound Dressings for the Treatment of Thermal Burns
Authors: Teoh Jia Heng , Mozhi Anbu , Sunil Vishnu , Tay Sook Muay , Fuh Jerry , Wang Chi‐Hwa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConsidering the variations in burns depending on the circumstances that caused them, the need for personalized medicine and care for burn victims is vital to ensure that optimal treatment is provided. With the level of accuracy and customization that 3D printing brings as a technology, there is potential in its use to fabricate wound dressings that can provide better treatment for burn patients, provided that the material of choice has good printability and can be customized while facilitating wound healing. In this study, the versatility of chitosan methacrylate as said material to be used to fabricate customizable wound dressings via 3D printing is investigated. Synthesized chitosan methacrylate is evaluated to be printable, biodegradable, and biocompatible during wound healing. Various drugs relevant to the treatment of burns are then loaded and different multimaterial wound dressing designs containing different dosages are fabricated via 3D printing. The incorporation of said drugs does not significantly affect the printability of chitosan methacrylate, and the incorporation of antimicrobial agents significantly improves its antimicrobial capabilities. Through in vivo models, these variations in wound dressing designs have good wound healing properties and do not cause any adverse effects in the process.
Design of Fire‐Resistant Liquid Electrolyte Formulation for Safe and Long‐Cycled Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: An Kihun , Tran Yen Hai Thi , Kwak Sehyun , Han Jisoo , Song Seung‐Wan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTurning an unsafe material into a safe one without performance loss for Li‐ion battery applications provides opportunities to create a new class of materials. Herein, this strategy is utilized to design a fire‐resistant liquid electrolyte formulation consisting of propylene carbonate and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl group‐containing linear ester solvents paired with 1 m LiPF6 salt and fluoroethylene carbonate additive for a Li–ion battery with improved safety and performance. Traditional carbonate‐based electrolytes offer good performance in mild operating conditions, but are however a flammable fuel causing fire and safety hazards. It is shown that the entire replacement of linear carbonate with fluorinated linear ester yields a fire‐resistant and outperforming electrolyte under the harsh condition of 4.5 V high‐voltage, 45 °C and 2C rate, enabling a higher energy, longer cycle life of 500 cycles, faster charged practical graphite‖NCM622 full‐cell than traditional electrolyte‐based cell. The strong correlation between cathode–electrolyte and anode–electrolyte interfacial stabilization and highly reversible cycling performance is clearly demonstrated. The fire‐resistant electrolyte‐incorporated industrial 730 mAh graphite‖NCM811 Li‐ion pouch battery achieves 82% retention after 400 cycles under 4.3 V charge voltage, 45 °C and 1C, and markedly improved safety on overcharge abuse tests. The design strategy for electrolyte formulation provides a promising path to safe and long‐cycled high‐energy Li‐ion batteries.
An Integrated Nanoaircraft Carrier Modulating Antitumor Immunity to Enhance Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Authors: Liang Shuang , Liu Yang , Gao Tong , Liu Xiaoqing , Zhang Zipeng , Mu Weiwei , Fu Shunli , Liu Meichen , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Na 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy revolutionizes cancer therapeutics. However, the effectiveness of ICB therapy is restricted. Focusing on the tumor itself and the immune system, an integrated nanoaircraft carrier that coloaded three therapeutic agents (NNG/OTC) to eradicate tumor cells, enhance T‐cells intratumoral infiltration, and relieve the inhibition of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIM) is designed. First, tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is used to combine with oxaliplatin for reducing tumor burden. Second, oxaliplatin is used to elicit immunogenic cell death and combine with cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) to promote dendritic cells maturation, ultimately increasing T‐cells intratumoral infiltration. Third, CpG is further used to repolarize M2 type of tumor‐associated macrophages, thus reversing immunosuppression of TIM. The nanoaircraft carrier can effectively arrive at the tumor site and detach small‐sized nanoparticles under a high concentration of matrix metalloproteinase‐2, which promotes deep tumor penetration. Under the mediation of targeting ligands, three therapeutic agents loaded in small‐sized nanoparticles could be launched to their target cells. NNG/OTC modulates the antitumor immunity and exhibits excellent tumor inhibition when in combination with ICB therapy, indicating the increased response of ICB therapy. Collectively, NNG/OTC can co‐deliver various drugs with different physicochemical properties and provide a promising strategy for enhancing ICB therapy.
Quantification of Temperature‐Dependent Charge Separation and Recombination Dynamics in Non‐Fullerene Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Chan Christopher C. S. , Ma Chao , Zou Xinhui , Xing Zengshan , Zhang Guichuan , Yip Hin‐Lap , Taylor Robert A. , He Yan , Wong Kam Sing , Chow Philip C. Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransient optical spectroscopy is used to quantify the temperature‐dependence of charge separation and recombination dynamics in P3TEA:SF‐PDI2 and PM6:Y6, two non‐fullerene organic photovoltaic (OPV) systems with a negligible driving force and high photocurrent quantum yields. By tracking the intensity of the transient electroabsorption response that arises upon interfacial charge separation in P3TEA:SF‐PDI2, a free charge generation rate constant of ≈2.4 × 1010 s−1 is observed at room temperature, with an average energy of ≈230 meV stored between the interfacial charge pairs. Thermally activated charge separation is also observed in PM6:Y6, and a faster charge separation rate of ≈5.5 × 1010 s−1 is estimated at room temperature, which is consistent with the higher device efficiency. When both blends are cooled down to cryogenic temperature, the reduced charge separation rate leads to increasing charge recombination either directly at the donor‐acceptor interface or via the emissive singlet exciton state. A kinetic model is used to rationalize the results, showing that although photogenerated charges have to overcome a significant Coulomb potential to generate free carriers, OPV blends can achieve high photocurrent generation yields given that the thermal dissociation rate of charges outcompetes the recombination rate.
Antibacterial Dual Network Hydrogels for Sensing and Human Health Monitoring
Authors: Lei Huan , Zhao Jing , Ma Xiaoxuan , Li Hang , Fan Daidi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolymer‐based conductive hydrogels have the synergistic advantages of high conductivity and tissue‐like properties, making them promising candidates for the construction of flexible electronic devices. However, conductive hydrogel materials can easily absorb microorganisms due to their high water content. To address the problem that conductive hydrogels are susceptible to infection by external pathogens when monitoring wounds and when used in implanted organs, tannic acid‐borax (TA‐B) complexes are introduced into classical dual network polyacrylamide/agarose (PAM/Agar) hydrogels to form PAM/Agar/TA‐B hydrogel conductors. These hydrogels are antibacterial and have good mechanical properties, light transmission, electrical conductivity, and adhesion. TA‐B increases the compressive stress of the PAM/Agar/TA‐B hydrogel by 58.14% compared to a PAM/Agar hydrogel. The PAM/Agar/TA‐B hydrogel can be used as an electronic conductor for electronic skin and wearable sensors. Outstanding biocompatibility allows the hydrogel to be used as a monitoring device at wounds to monitor heartbeat, skin wounds, and internal tissue status in real time. In summary, an antibacterial strain sensing matrix that is safe for human health monitoring is developed.
Theranostic Heterodimeric Prodrug with Dual‐Channel Fluorescence Turn‐On and Dual‐Prodrug Activation for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jiang Maolin , Wang Kewei , Xiao Xuan , Zong Qingyu , Zheng Rui , Yuan Youyong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTheranostic prodrugs that can precisely monitor drug activation with synergistic therapeutic effects are highly desirable for personalized medicine. In this study, a theranostic heterodimeric prodrug, CyNH‐SS‐DOX, with synchronous and independent dual‐channel fluorescence turn‐on and dual‐prodrug activation for synergistic cancer therapy is developed. A hemicyanine fluorescent drug, CyNH2, with good therapeutic effects found in this work, is conjugated to doxorubicin (DOX) through a disulfide linker to form CyNH‐SS‐DOX. Before activation, both the fluorescence of DOX and CyNH2 are in the off state and the toxicity is low. In the presence of intracellular glutathione, both the fluorescence of DOX and CyNH2 at different channels are turned on. Meanwhile, DOX and CyNH2 are activated in a synergistic anticancer effect. It is believed that CyNH‐SS‐DOX is promising for monitoring prodrug activation in dual‐fluorescence channels and for enhancing therapeutic efficacy with few side effects.
Carbon Nanotube–Hydrogel Composites Facilitate Neuronal Differentiation While Maintaining Homeostasis of Network Activity
Authors: Ye Lijun , Ji Haichao , Liu Jie , Tu Chien‐Hua , Kappl Michael , Koynov Kaloian , Vogt Johannes , Butt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is often assumed that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) stimulate neuronal differentiation by transferring electrical signals and enhancing neuronal excitability. Given this, CNT–hydrogel composites are regarded as potential materials able to combine high electrical conductivity with biocompatibility, and therefore promote nerve regeneration. However, whether CNT–hydrogel composites actually influence neuronal differentiation and maturation, and how they do so remain elusive. In this study, CNT–hydrogel composites are prepared by in situ polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) around a preformed CNT meshwork. It is demonstrated that the composites facilitate long‐term survival and differentiation of pheochromocytoma 12 cells. Adult neural stem cells cultured on the composites show an increased neuron‐to‐astrocyte ratio and higher synaptic connectivity. Moreover, primary hippocampal neurons cultured on composites maintain morphological synaptic features as well as their neuronal network activity evaluated by spontaneous calcium oscillations, which are comparable to neurons cultured under control conditions. These results indicate that the composites are promising materials that could indeed facilitate neuronal differentiation while maintaining neuronal homeostasis.
Designing New‐Generation Piezoelectric Transducers by Embedding Superior Graphene‐Based Thermal Regulators
Authors: Shan Junjie , Wang Sha , Zhou Fan , Hu Jingyi , Liu Qingqing , Lin Shuyu , Zhang Yanfeng , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCascaded‐piezoelectric‐transducers (CPETs) is a key component in modern energy‐conversion fields, possessing versatile applications in ultrasonic scalpels, acoustic levitation, and sonar. However, serious self‐heating inevitably occurs inside high‐power CPETs, severely limiting their practical applications in broader fields. To tackle this, multidirectional heat‐escape channels of multidimensional (multi‐D, 3D/2D) graphene films are introduced in designing new‐type thermal regulators. A porous AlN‐ceramic thermal‐sink is creatively selected as a template for directly synthesizing graphene via a two‐step chemical vapor deposition strategy. This perfect combination of 3D/2D‐graphene and the AlN ceramic can integrate their complementary advantages in uniformizing, transmitting, and releasing heat. Amazingly, in the new‐generation CPETs embedded with these graphene‐based thermal regulators, the self‐heating‐induced temperature rise can be substantially reduced by ≈60% (far exceeding actual demand standard). As another kernel parameter, electroacoustic‐energy‐conversion efficiency is dramatically improved in the new‐generation CPETs. Briefly, this research realizes the first synthesis of a novel multi‐D‐graphene/AlN‐ceramic hybrid, and propels its brand‐new application directions in new‐generation energy‐conversion‐ and thermal‐management‐related territories.
Multi‐Step Chemical Solution Deposition‐Annealing Process Toward Wake‐Up Free Ferroelectricity in Y:HfO2 Films
Authors: Samanta Shibnath , Anoop Gopinathan , Joh HyunJin , Seol WooJun , Park Seong Min , Unithrattil Sanjith , Lee Jun Young , Kim Tae Yeon , Kim Hoon , Yeom Jiwon , Hong Seungbum , Jo Ji Young 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFerroelectricity in HfO2 thin films can be utilized for fast, power‐efficient, and highly scalable non‐volatile memories. However, the required wake‐up process for inducing ferroelectricity/ achieving higher polarization is one of the major hurdles that hinder HfO2‐based thin films from developing reliable electronic devices. The wake‐up effect is believed to originate from i) phase transformation from non‐ferroelectric to ferroelectric, ii) movement of defect entities (mainly oxygen vacancy defects) near the film‐electrode interface, and iii) heterogeneity of the electrode interfaces. In the present study, an experimental strategy is designed to overcome these sources of the wake‐up process. A multi‐step deposition and annealing process is carried out to induce wake‐up‐free ferroelectricity in Yttrium doped HfO2 (Y:HfO2) thin film directly grown on Si‐substrate. Furnace annealing is utilized instead of the standard rapid thermal annealing process to reduce the oxygen deficiencies and stimulate the direct growth of the polar Y:HfO2. The oxygen‐vacancy‐related defects are found to be the dominating source of wake‐up effect in Y‐doped HfO2 films. The step‐wise deposition and annealing in the oxygen atmosphere facilitate direct growth of the polar phase, reduce the oxygen vacancies, and induce wake‐up‐free ferroelectricity in Y:HfO2.
Radical Cascade Reactions of β,γ‐Unsaturated Hydrazones/Oximes
Authors: Si Ya‐Feng , Lv Qi‐Yan , Yu Bing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRadical cascade cyclization of β,γ‐unsaturated hydrazones/oximes has recently emerged as an efficient and powerful protocol for the construction of diverse and valuable functionalized pyrazolines and isoxazolines. In this review, three catalytic ways of radical cascade cyclization of β,γ‐unsaturated hydrazones/oximes are summarized and classified; these are transition‐metal‐catalyzed systems, transition‐metal‐free systems, and photo‐/electrocatalytic systems, respectively. Through these methods, various functional groups are installed on the pyrazoline and isoxazoline skeletons to enrich the small organic molecule library.magnified image
Enantioselective 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Dialkyl α‐Diazo Methylphosphonate to para‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Chen Yuan , Yu Rui , Wang Min , Huang Yanmin , Peng Yungui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn asymmetric 1,6‐conjugate addition reaction of dialkyl diazomethylphosphonates to para‐quinone methides promoted by phase‐transfer catalysis has been developed. A series of chiral diarylmethylated diazomethylphosphonates were accessed with up to 85% yields and 99% ee enantioselectivities. The resulting products were further transformed into bioactive compounds, namely, a chiral dihydrocinnoline phosphonate and a chiral α‐aminophosphonate, bearing diarylmethine stereogenic centers.magnified image
An Avascular Niche Created by Axitinib‐Loaded PCL/Collagen Nanofibrous Membrane Stabilized Subcutaneous Chondrogenesis of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Ji Tian‐Ji , Feng Bei , Shen Jie , Zhang Min , Hu Yu‐Qing , Jiang Ai‐Xia , Zhu Di‐Qi , Chen Yi‐Wei , Ji Wei , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Hao , Li Fen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEngineered cartilage derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) always fails to maintain the cartilaginous phenotype in the subcutaneous environment due to the ossification tendency. Vascular invasion is a prerequisite for endochondral ossification during the development of long bone. As an oral antitumor medicine, Inlyta (axitinib) possesses pronounced antiangiogenic activity, owing to the inactivation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. In this study, axitinib‐loaded poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/collagen nanofibrous membranes are fabricated by electrospinning for the first time. Rabbit‐derived MSCs‐engineered cartilage is encapsulated in the axitinib‐loaded nanofibrous membrane and subcutaneously implanted into nude mice. The sustained and localized release of axitinib successfully inhibits vascular invasion, stabilizes cartilaginous phenotype, and helps cartilage maturation. RNA sequence further reveals that axitinib creates an avascular, hypoxic, and low immune response niche. Timp1 is remarkably upregulated in this niche, which probably plays a functional role in inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and stabilizing the engineered cartilage. This study provides a novel strategy for stable subcutaneous chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells, which is also suitable for other medical applications, such as arthritis treatment, local treatment of tumors, and regeneration of other avascular tissues (cornea and tendon).