bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principles of Accommodation and Technology Update of Presbyopia Corrections using IR and UV Lasers
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To update and review the technology and principles of laser presbyopia reversal (LAPR) via sclera ablation and thermal shrinkage using infrared and UV lasers. Recent clinical data and new methods are also summarized.
Study Design: LAPR using laser sclera ablation for increased accommodation of presbyopic eyes.
Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between June, 2021 and July, 2021.
Methodology: Accommodation gain was obtained by laser scleral ablation of an eye using Er:YAG laser (at 2.94 um) using either line-pattern or dots-pattern outside the limbus in the oblique quadrants of an eye. The principles of accommodation and the key factors influencing the outcomes are discussed. The accommodation gain (AG) after the surgery is mainly due the change in anterior curvature and anterior shift of the lens. The effectiveness of ciliary body contraction for lens relaxation (or accommodation) may be influenced by the combined aging factors, including lens property changes (index, size, thickness and curvature), tissue elastic changes (in sclera and ciliary) and the zonular tension change. Classical theories of accommodation include Helmholtz and Schachar hypothesis. The key issues and new directions to overcome the drawbacks of the existing LAPR procedure (based on scleral ablation) are proposed. Clinical outcomes from two major groups, SurgiLight and Ace Vision, with two years follow are summarized.
Results: Clinical outcomes during 2000 to 2020 are summarized showing an average Accommodation gain about 2.0 D, and postoperative egression about 0.25 D (after two years).
Conclusion: Laser presbyopia reversal (LAPR) via sclera ablation using infrared laser is safe and effective, but suffers drawbacks of being invasive and procedures are too slow. New directions are required for improved outcomes.
Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Correlated with Severe Postoperative Complications After Emergency Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Maeda Kiyoshi , Nagahara Hisashi , Shibutani Masatsune , Fukuoka Tatsunari , Iseki Yasuhito , Matsutani Shinji , Toyokawa Takahiro , Tanaka Hiroaki , Muguruma Kazuya , Yamagami Hirokazu , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
The incidence of postoperative severe complications is reported to be high in patients undergoing emergency surgery for severe ulcerative colitis (UC). It has also been reported that the preoperative inflammatory status is associated with the frequency of postoperative complications. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple and useful parameter for determining the inflammatory status.

Methods
In the present study, we retrospectively investigated the correlation between the NLR and the incidence of severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing emergency surgery for severe UC. A total of 105 UC patients who underwent emergency or semi-emergency surgery were enrolled. Various clinical factors and NLR values were evaluated to identify the risk factors for severe complications. Postoperative complications were stratified by their severity according to the Clavien-Dindo Classification (CD). A postoperative complication of CD IIIb or higher was defined as severe postoperative complications. The incidence of severe complications was 16.2%.

Results
A multivariate analysis revealed the ASA score, toxic megacolon, and NLR to be independent risk factors for severe postoperative complications.

Conclusions
The results of this retrospective study suggest that the NLR is an independent risk factor for severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing emergency surgery for UC.
Bio‐Inspired Multi‐Responsive Structural Color Hydrogel with Constant Volume and Wide Viewing Angles
Authors: Cai Lijun , Wang Yu , Sun Lingyu , Guo Jiahui , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStructural color hydrogels (SCHs) have ushered in a new era for a variety of fields including sensing, display, and anti‐counterfeiting. Attempts in this area are trending to improve their functions to implement the practical values. Herein, bioinspired by chameleons, a novel multi‐responsive angle‐independent SCH is presented. The SCH consists of responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) with vivid structural colors replicated from photonic crystal particle templates, which is fixed within a non‐responsive hydrogel film. Due to the thermal‐sensitivity of PNIPAM, the distance between nanopores of inverse opal can be tuned, leading to a shift of the reflection peak. Besides, the structural colors are angle‐independent since the structural color elements are spherical. Intriguingly, as the elastic deformation of the non‐responsive hydrogel is only in local positions, the total volume of the SCH film is kept near‐constant, making its stability superior to traditional structural color films. To further broaden its function, reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes are integrated into the SCH film to gain near‐infrared (NIR) photo‐thermal and electro‐thermal response. It is verified that the SCH can respond to temperature change, NIR irradiation, and electric signal, exhibiting chromatic shifting with constant volume and wide viewing angles, indicating unpredicted potential in diverse fields.
Efficient Organic Tandem Solar Cells Enabled by Solution‐Processed Interconnection Layer and Fine‐Tuned Active Layer
Authors: Zeng Rui , Yu Runnan , Jin Shengli , Jiang Shan , Zou Chao , Hu Siqian , Tan Zhan'ao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic tandem solar cells (OTSCs) with the merits of overcoming the S‐Q limit of single‐junction, enhancing and expanding the sunlight harvesting, and minimizing the thermalization energy loss, provide a practical strategy to break through the power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, it is still challenge to realize the multilayered structure by all‐solution processing, especially shortage of interconnection layer (ICL), which physically and electronically connects front and rear subcells to accomplish the complicated tandem structure. Herein, all‐solution‐processed ICL of modified poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (m‐PEDOT) and titanium (diisopropoxide) bis(2,4‐pentanedionate) (TIPD) is invented for constructing inverted OTSCs, and by systematically managing the light and carriers within the stacked multilayers, highly efficient OTSCs are demonstrated. Compared with the traditional ICLs, it avoids the complicated vacuum evaporation and synthesis processes, guaranteeing low cost and high reproducibility. Furthermore, m‐PEDOT/TIPD ICL demonstrates excellent solvent resistance, high transmittance, and good conductivity. To enhance the light harvesting, absorption complementary donors and acceptors are selected as photoactive materials in front and rear subcells, and the transfer matrix formalism optical modeling is introduced to achieve the balanced short‐circuit current density of each subcell in OTSCs. By systematic device optimizations, the best PCE of 15.26% is achieved, among the best results reported for OTSCs.
Redundancy analysis for zone target multivariable control system
Authors: Wan Xin , Luo Xiong‐Lin , Chen Bo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a redundancy analysis method for zone control systems. The zone target gradually expands the control margin of the system, and the margin is not fully utilized to improve control performance. At the same time, under the zone target, the modification of the set point has no significant optimization effect. In this respect, prioritizing the use of input channels to optimize the economic benefits of the system has become a primary consideration. A redundancy search algorithm for this framework is proposed. Using convex combination theory, the convex set of infinite elements is represented as a set of finite elements. Combined with the system steady‐state mapping, the search problem is transformed into a traversal problem with a limited number of elements. The algorithm can identify the redundant input channels of the system offline and can ensure that the redundant channels will not interfere with the control targets of the system when they are actively changed within a certain range. A method of utilizing redundant input channels and the reliability and effectiveness of the algorithm have been verified through numerical simulation experiments.
Use of antioxidant nanoparticles to reduce oxidative stress in blood storage
Authors: Barzegar Saeid , Asri Kojabad Amir , Manafi Shabestari Rima , Barati Mehdi , Rezvany Mohammad Reza , Safa Majid , Amani Amir , Pourfathollah Aliakbar , Abbaspour Alireza , Rahgoshay Mahsa , Hashemi Javad , Mohammadi Najafabadi Maryam , Zaker Farhad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOxidative damage by free radicals has a negative effect on blood quality during storage. Antioxidant nanoparticles can prevent oxidative stress. We use SOD‐CAT‐Alb‐PEG‐PLGA‐ nanoparticles to reduce the effects of oxidative stress in blood storage. Electrospray was employed to prepare nanoparticles. Nanoparticles entered the test bags and were kept for 35 days from the time of donation under standard conditions. On target days, experiments were performed on the samples taken. The examination included blood smear, red blood cells count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, K, Fe, glutathione peroxidase, glutathion reductase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, prooxidant‐antioxidant balance, malondialdehyde, and flow cytometric assay for phosphatidylserine. The repeated measures analysis was performed on samples every week. Morphological changes were less in the test group compared to the control. The quantitative hemolysis profile test showed significant changes in the test and control groups (p < 0.05) in consecutive weeks except for K and Fe. Oxidative stress parameters too showed a significant change during the target days of the examination (p < 0.05). Also, the phosphatidylserine expression was increased in control groups more than test in consecutive weeks (p < 0.05). It seems that the use of antioxidant nanoparticles improves the quality of stored red blood cells and can prevent posttransfusion complications and blood loss by reducing oxidative stress.
Modelle zur Vorhersage des Schwindens und Kriechens von Beton – Teil 2a: Kriechen – Grundlagen und Analyse des Kriechmodells in DIN EN 1992‐1‐1:2011
Authors: Müller Harald S. , Acosta Urrea Fernando , Kvitsel Vladislav 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIm Herbst 2020 wurde die Überarbeitung der EN 1992‐1‐1:2004 (Eurocode 2) abgeschlossen und damit der Entwurf prEN 1992‐1‐1:2020 vorgelegt. Er stellt der Praxis zahlreiche verbesserte und neue Bemessungskonzepte zur Verfügung. Dies gilt auch für die Modelle zum Schwinden und Kriechen von Konstruktionsbeton, die zum Teil erhebliche Veränderungen erfahren haben. In diesem dreiteiligen Aufsatz (Teil 1 Schwinden, Teile 2a und 2b Kriechen) werden die neuen Modelle zur Prognose des Verformungsverhaltens von Beton vorgestellt. Er beleuchtet auch die Hintergründe, die zur Entwicklung der verbesserten Ansätze geführt haben. Teil 1 ist bereits veröffentlicht (Beton‐ und Stahlbetonbau 116 (2021), Heft 1). Der vorliegende Beitrag (Teil 2a) befasst sich mit dem Kriechen von Beton. In einem Überblick werden zunächst die Komponenten des Kriechens, ihre Merkmale und Einflussgrößen sowie die entsprechenden konstitutiven Beziehungen dargestellt. Sie sind für das Verständnis der Kriechmodelle ausschlaggebend. Danach werden die normativen Entwicklungen aufgezeigt, die zum heute im Jahr 2021 gültigen Kriechmodell in DIN EN 1992‐1‐1:2011 geführt haben. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Analyse der Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit dieses Modells. Sie ergab gewisse Defizite, die Anlass für eine Korrektur und Weiterentwicklung im Zuge der Erarbeitung der prEN 1992‐1‐1:2020 waren. Das neue Prognosemodell wird in Teil 2b des Aufsatzes vorgestellt und begründet. Statistische Betrachtungen zur Zuverlässigkeit des neuen Modells und die Darstellung eines Konzepts für den Einbezug von Laborversuchsdaten zur Verbesserung der Prognose des Modells bilden den Abschluss des Aufsatzes.
Association between socioeconomic status and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Yongshun , Zhang Xun , Lu Jinsen , Liu Shuchen , Qian Yeben 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear, and there is no nomogram integrated SES and clinicopathological factors to predict the prognosis of HCC. This research aims to confirm the effects of SES on predicting patients’ survival and to establish a nomogram to predict the prognosis of HCC.MethodsThe data of HCC patients were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Final Results (SEER) database from 2011 to 2015. SES (age at diagnosis, race and sex, median family income, education level, insurance status, marital status, residence, cost of living index, poverty rate) and clinicopathological factors were included in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Nomograms for predicting 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were established and evaluated by the concordance index (C‐index), the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the calibration plot, the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and the net reclassification improvement (NRI).ResultsA total of 33,670 diagnosed HCC patients were involved, and nomograms consisting of 19 variables were established. The C‐indexes of the nomograms are higher than TNM staging system, which predicts the CSS (0.789 vs. 0.692, p < 0.01) and OS (0.777 vs. 0.675, p < 0.01). The ROC curve, calibration diagram, IDI, and NRI showed the improved prognostic value in 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates.ConclusionSES plays an important role in the prognosis of HCC patients. Therefore, policymakers can make more precise and socially approved policies to improve HCC patients’ CSS and OS.
Electrolyte Study with in Operando pH Tracking Providing Insight into the Reaction Mechanism of Aqueous Acidic Zn//MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Fitz Oliver , Bischoff Christian , Bauer Manuel , Gentischer Harald , Birke Kai Peter , Henning Hans‐Martin , Biro Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe reaction mechanisms (RM) during cycling of aqueous rechargeable Zn//MnO2 batteries (ARZIBs) are still controversially discussed. The present study of different acidic electrolyte compositions (0.9 mM H2SO4, 0.5 M MnSO4, 2 M ZnSO4, 2 M ZnSO4+0.5 M MnSO4) and their pH behaviour is therefore designed as an alternative approach to investigate the RM. In operando pH tracking during cycling shows periodic pH changes for each electrolyte, highlighting the role of the pH‐relevant ions OH− and H+ in the chemical processes, the major influence of MnO2 deposition/dissolution mechanisms and the buffering behaviour of the zinc hydroxide sulphate (ZHS) precipitation. Innovative coupled cyclic voltammetry (CV) and pH measurements can link CV redox peaks to a pH change and a corresponding chemical reaction. It was found that a Zn2+ (de‐)intercalation has little or no influence on the capacity. The cycling of the SO42−‐free electrolyte 2 M Zn(CF3SO3)2 underlines the pH‐dependant behaviour of the chemical processes. The results can contribute to the debate of RMs in ARZIBs and other aqueous battery chemistries by introducing a novel measurement technique.
Side‐Chain Interactions in d/l Peptide Nanotubes: Studies by Crystallography, NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Silk Mitchell R. , Price Jason R. , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Leiros Hanna‐Kirsti S. , Lund Bjarte A. , Thompson Philip E. , Chalmers David K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOur understanding of the factors affecting the stability of cyclic d/l peptide (CP) nanotubes remains underdeveloped. In this work, we investigate the impact of side chain alignment, hydrophobicity and charge on CP nanotube stability through X‐ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We characterise the distinct CP‐CP alignments that can form and identify stable and unstable dimers by MD simulation. We measure H‐bond half‐lives of synthesised CPs by 1H−D exchange experiments and find good correlation with predicted CP‐CP stabilities. We find that hydrophobic amino acids improve CP dimer stability but experimentally reduce solubility. Charged amino acids either increase or decrease CP dimer stability depending on the relative orientation and composition of charged groups. X‐ray crystal structures are solved for two CPs, revealing non‐tubular folded conformations. Ultimately, this work will assist the educated design of stable tubular structures for potential applications in biomedicine.
In‐situ addition of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals in seeded semi‐batch emulsion polymerization
Authors: Gabriel Vida A. , Champagne Pascale , Cunningham Michael F. , Dubé Marc A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanocellulosic materials can be used as green materials for property modification in latex polymers. In particular, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can be incorporated in latexes in‐situ—a preferable method to ex‐situ addition because it ensures latex homogeneity and better performance enhancements. DextraCel is a commercial CNC with carboxylate surface groups, henceforth referred to as cCNC. The interactions between cCNCs and other standard latex components are studied, and experiments reveal that cCNCs can be sensitive to the ionic strength of the aqueous phase of the latex. A reproducible method to incorporate cCNCs in‐situ in a seeded semi‐batch emulsion polymerization is developed for the production of latexes for adhesive applications by varying the surfactant‐initiator systems in the seed stage and the feed stage. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and potassium persulphate (KPS), negatively charged surfactant and initiator, respectively, are used for the seeding reaction, and Triton X‐405 and 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (uncharged surfactant and initiator) are used in the feed to preserve low ionic strength of the latex, thereby producing stable latexes.
Persistent organic pollutants and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma among women
Authors: Darvishian Maryam , Bhatti Parveen , Gaudreau Éric , Abanto Zenaida , Choi Charles , Gallagher Richard P. , Spinelli John J. , Lee Tim K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the increasing trend of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) incidence in Canada, especially among females, few risk factors other than ultraviolet radiation exposure, have been identified.AimWe conducted a case–control study of 406 CMM cases and 181 controls to evaluate the potential impact of body burdens of various persistent organic pollutants on CMM risk.MethodsDetailed data on potential confounding factors, including lifetime repeated sun exposure and skin reaction to repeated sun exposure, were collected. Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to assay plasma levels of 14 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 11 organochlorine (OC) pesticides among cases and controls.ResultsStatistically significant trends of increased CMM risk were observed with increasing plasma concentrations of multiple PCB congeners, including PCBs 138, 153, 170, 180, 183 and 187. For example, compared to lowest plasma concentration quartile of PCB‐138, the second, third and fourth quartiles were associated with 1.7 (95% CI: 0.9–2.9), 2.3 (95% CI: 1.3–4.1) and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.3–4.5) ‐fold increased risks of CMM, respectively. Similarly, increasing plasma concentrations of several OC pesticides (i.e., β‐HCH, HCB, Mirex, oxychlordane and trans‐Nonachlor) showed statistically significant trends with increased CMM risk. For example, compared to lowest plasma concentration quartile of β‐HCH, the second, third and fourth quartiles were associated with 1.3 (95% CI: 0.7–2.3), 2.1 (95% CI: 1.2–3.7) and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.2–4.4) ‐fold increased risks of CMM, respectively.ConclusionPlasma levels of several persistent organic pollutants were highly correlated, suggesting that observed associations were not necessarily independent of each other. Given the highly correlated nature of exposure to PCB and OC analytes, sophisticated analyses that consider complex mixtures should be considered in future studies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sn, Ge, and Zr Isomorphous Substituted MFI Nanosheets for Glucose Isomerization to Fructose
Authors: Dugkhuntod Pannida , Maineawklang Narasiri , Rodaum Chadatip , Pornsetmetakul Peerapol , Saenluang Kachaporn , Salakhum Saros , Wattanakit Chularat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVarious metals including Sn, Ge, and Zr have been successfully incorporated into the MFI nanosheets via a one‐pot synthesis. The as‐synthesized zeolites exhibit high external surface area and mesopore volume without large metal oxides aggregated on zeolite surfaces. Interestingly, the successful introduction of heteroatoms in MFI nanosheets can be confirmed by shifted XRD peaks corresponding to the unit cell expansion due to the replacement of metals into the framework. In addition, the UV‐Vis absorbance spectra reveal that at the suitable metal loading the incorporated tetrahedral coordination of metal species in the zeolite framework has been obtained. To illustrate the benefits of the prepared catalysts, the glucose isomerization to fructose was carried out in a water/dioxane system. Obviously, the SnMFI‐NS samples, containing the high dispersion of metal isomorphous species demonstrate the outstanding catalytic behavior in term of fructose selectivity (>85 %).
Measurement of Cell Death in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Cummings Brian S. , Schnellmann Rick G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMethods for assessing mammalian cell death are presented in this article, which is divided into six sections: (1) a brief overview of cytotoxicity and pathways of cell death; (2) a method to measure cell death using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as a marker of membrane integrity; (3) a flow cytometry method that simultaneously measures two types of cell death, necrosis and apoptosis; (4) use of fluorescence microscopy and nuclear morphology to assess apoptosis and necrosis; (5) the use of multi‐well plates and high‐content analysis imaging systems to assess nuclear morphology; and (6) a discussion of the use of cytotoxicity assays to determine the mechanisms of cell death. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Measurement of plasma membrane integrity and viability using LDH releaseBasic Protocol 2: Measurement of necrosis and apoptosis using flow cytometryBasic Protocol 3: Determination of nuclear morphology and membrane integrityAlternate Protocol 1: Assessment of nuclear morphology and membrane integrity using DAPI and PIAlternate Protocol 2: Assessment of nuclear morphology using multi‐well platesBasic Protocol 4: Measurement of time‐dependent toxicity using cell death markers