bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Two Polysaccharides From Traditional Chinese Medicines on Rat Immune Function
Authors: Wang Yu Lei , Shu Xiang Hua , Zhang Xue , Liu Yong Bo , Zhang Ya Jing , Lv Tao , Huang Xin , Song Chun Lian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The aim is to study the immune function effect of two polysaccharides extracted from traditional Chinese herbs on rats. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to extract the polysaccharide from traditional Chinese medicines. MTT assay was used to determine the effects of two polysaccharides on the conversion of pig peripheral T lymphocytes. For this, 24 Sprague–Dawley rats were selected for the clinical trial and divided into groups B (blank), CK (cyclophosphamide inhibitory control), AP (angelica polysaccharide), and RIP (radix isatidis polysaccharide). Except for group B, other groups can induce the immunodeficiency by using cyclophosphamide. Rats of the AP and RIP groups were given gavage of 1 mL of AP and RIP. The blood was sampled from the eyeball on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35, respectively, to determine immune cells, IgG and IgM of immunoglobulin, body weight, and spleen index.Results: The average content of AP and RIP was 51.27 and 14.8%, and the extraction rate was 75.23 and 60.94%. The maximum stimulation index was 1.407 when the concentration of AP was 8,000 μg mL−1 and 1.5 when the concentration of RIP was 125 μg mL−1. Both kinds of polysaccharides can alleviate the decline of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and serum IgG and IgM caused by cyclophosphamide. The two polysaccharides can regulate the rapid recovery of weight in immunosuppressed rats and increase the spleen index of immunosuppressed SD rats. The polysaccharides from the two traditional Chinese medicines can alleviate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide and promote the immune function of the body, which can be used as raw material resources of new veterinary medicine.
[Reseña del libro] Primary and secondary education during Covid-19. Disruptions to Educational Opportunity During a Pandemic
Authors: García Docampo Laura 
Published: November 2021

Reimers, F. M. (Ed.) (2021). Primary and secondary education during Covid-19. Disruptions to Educational Opportunity During a Pandemic. 475 páginas. Springer International Publishing. ISBN: 978-3-030-81499-1
El libro recopila las intenciones y dificultades de la educación primaria y secundaria a consecuencia de la covid-19 en diferentes países del mundo. A través de la reflexión y el análisis de múltiples profesionales de la educación se pretende abordar las distintas realidades vividas en un período histórico, marcado por un inmenso desasosiego, registrando el impacto escolar a corto plazo surgido en países como Brasil, Chile, Finlandia, Japón, México, Noruega, Portugal, Rusia, Singapur, España, Sudáfrica, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos.
BASES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS SUBJACENTES AO ENFOQUE CTS NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Souza Fábio Lustosa , GONÇALVES TEREZINHA VALIM OLIVER , SOUZA FÁBIO LUSTOSA 
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo pretende discutir as relações presentes na trilogia Ciência– Tecnologia–Sociedade (CTS) no ensino de química bem como bases epistemológicas a elas subjacentes. Trata-se, portanto, de uma abordagem pedagógica que tem sido utilizada no ensino das ciências, em ruptura ao mecanicismo cartesiano de estudo com que tem sido tratado ao longo dos anos, com o propósito de promover a alfabetização em ciência e tecnologia indispensáveis ao exercício da cidadania crítica. Aborda, pois, uma concepção epistemológica pós-moderna de CTS ao trazer para discussão o conceito de cidadania.
Morfofisiologia do Capim-tifton 85 manejado intensivamente sob corte
Authors: Alves Cutrim Junior Jose Antonio 
Published: November 2021

O trabalho foi conduzido no Núcleo de Ensino e Estudos em Forragicultura- NEEF/DZ/CCA/UFC, no período de agosto a setembro de 2007, objetivando avaliar o crescimento do capim-tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.). Numa área de 1250 m2, a partir de oito dias de rebrotação após uma roçada intensa e a intervalos de dois dias, foram realizadas leituras da intercepção de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (IRFA) e do índice de área foliar (IAF). Foram avaliados ainda nas mesmas datas as massas secas de forragem total (MSFT), de forragem morta (MSFM), de forragem verde (MSFV), de lâmina foliar verde (MSLV) e de colmo verde (MSCV), a partir de medições do fluxo de biomassa, da densidade populacional de perfilhos (DPP) e do índice gravimétrico. Todas essas variáveis aumentaram ao longo do período de descanso, atingindo o máximo acúmulo de massa seca aos 28 dias com uma IRFA de 95%. A DPP máxima foi obtida aos 26 dias, enquanto a DPP máxima de perfilhos aéreos ocorreu aos 24 dias. A relação folha/colmo (F/C) decresceu ao longo do período de descanso. Tomando-se os dados de MSFT e área foliar, foram ajustados modelos polinomiais em função da idade do dossel, obtendo-se as estimativas de MSFT e área foliar para cada idade do dossel. Em seguida, estimaram-se os valores instantâneos para a taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa de assimilação líquida (TAL), razão de peso foliar (RPF), razão de área foliar (RAF) e área foliar específica (AFE). A TAL, a TCR e a RPF decresceram com o avançar da idade. A RAF e a AFE aumentaram ao longo do período de descanso. O capim-tifton 85 manejado sob corte deve ser utilizado a cada 28 dias, quando o objetivo for minimizar as perdas de forragem por senescência. Prolongamentos no período descanso além dessa idade podem favorecer a produção total de forragem, mas acarretam comprometimentos na sua qualidade e riscos à persistência do pasto.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO VALOR NUTRICIONAL DE RAÇÃO PARA PEIXES DA ESPÉCIE TILÁPIA À BASE DE BABAÇU
Authors: Sá Mayara Coelho , LOPES JOSÉ ELIAS MACHADO , MERCURY JOSÉ MANUEL RIVAS , LIMA PAULO ROBERTO SOUSA , BRITO NATILENE MESQUITA 
Published: November 2021

A piscicultura é um ramo da aqüicultura que apresenta inúmeras vantagens, estando associadas a pouca mão-de-obra, baixo risco e retorno econômico garantido, porém devido ao alto custo com a alimentação não é muito difundida, portanto, devem-se formular rações economicamente viáveis para utilização na piscicultura. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a formulação de uma ração de torta de coco babaçu fornecida para peixes da espécie tilápia do nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) na fase alevino II. Foram testados rações formuladas com torta de coco babaçu nas proporções 0%, 12%, 16% e 20%, estas formulações foram ofertadas aos alevinos 3 vezes ao dia. O experimento durou 90 dias, onde os parâmetros da água (pH, condutividade, Oxigênio Dissolvido-OD e temperatura) e da ração (a umidade, nível de lipídeos, cinzas, proteína e carboidratos), foram avaliados. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que tanto as taxas de crescimento dos peixes quanto os parâmetros físico-químicos da água e da ração mantiveram-se dentro das proporções aceitáveis pelas normas da piscicultura. As proporções das rações utilizadas foram bem aceitas pelos peixes, mas aquela utilizada na proporção de 20% diminui consideravelmente o custo da ração, em torno de 62,5%, trazendo uma relevante economia para o piscicultor.
Um olhar sobre Ximenia americana L. e suas potencialidades
Authors: Chaves Edna Maria Ferreira , Chaves Eldo de Brito Ferreira , Coelho-de-Souza Gabriela , Figueiredo Luciano Silva , Barros Roseli Farias Melo de , Kubo Rumi 
Published: November 2021

A ameixa-do-mato (Ximenia americana L.) cresce em diversas formações vegetais desde o nível do mar até cotas altitudinais próximas a 2.000m e encontra-se distribuída nos cinco continentes. Procedeu-se revisão não sistematizada de 39 artigos revisados por pares a fim de elencar as principais partes utilizadas, os usos, as potencialidades e as finalidades dentro das categorias de uso alimentício e medicinal. Os trabalhos mostraram maior evidência para as raízes e para as cascas dos caules utilizadas principalmente como anti-inflamatórios, e como alimento, os destaques são para a polpa do fruto e o óleo da semente. Vale ressaltar, que relatos deram conta do distanciamento das populações de X. americana das áreas habitadas, provocado pelo uso desordenado do recurso, com consequente risco de esquecimento dos usos tradicionais e perda desses saberes.
BULLAS Y NEUMOTORAX ESPONTANEO EN ANOREXIA NERVIOSA REPORTE DE UN CASO Y REVISION DE LA LITERATURA
Authors: Villalobos Monsalve Walter , RODRIGUEZ JORGE , PEÑA SOLANO DIANA MARCELA 
Published: November 2021

RESUMEN
La anorexia nerviosa es un trastorno mental grave que afecta principalmente a mujeres jóvenes, con pobre pronóstico y una elevada mortalidad, la cual llega hasta el 25%. Dentro de las complicaciones médicas más mencionadas en la literatura se encuentran las cardiovasculares, endocrinas y metabólicas, inmunológicas y hematológicas. Las complicaciones pulmonares son escasas y hay muy poca evidencia escrita. En el presente artículo se describe un caso de bullas pulmonares y neumotórax a tensión en una paciente con anorexia nerviosa y se hace una breve discusión sobre la posible fisiopatología al compararla con los pocos casos similares publicados.
PALABRAS CLAVE
Effectivity battle between C-MAC and McGrath® video laryngoscope in a patient with general anesthesia at Sanglah Hospital
Authors: Pasaribu Jhoni Pardomuan , Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Agung , Parami Pontisomaya 
Published: November 2021

Background
Intubation is a common essential procedure to maintain the airway during general anesthesia. Various video laryngoscopes (VL) on the market today assist anesthesiologists in improving intubation success rates and also in complicated airway cases. There are two types of VL found in our institution, which are C-MAC and McGrath®. Each of them has its pros and cons, which withdrawn our curiosity to compare their effectiveness.

Methods
A pilot study was conducted in our center; we included all patients undergoing general anesthesia with physical status ASA I-III and consent to the study and divide them into two groups, C-MAC and McGrath®. We compare C-MAC and McGrath® VL effectiveness in terms of time for intubation, ease of intubation, total attempt, failure to intubate, Cormack Lehane degree, POGO Score, and hemodynamic stability.

Results
A total of 20 patients were intubated with two different VL, ten patients for each group. Both VLs accommodate ease of intubation, and overall first attempt successful intubation, though C-MAC showed better laryngeal and glottic visualization, shorter tracheal intubation times, and less hemodynamic change.

Conclusion
C-MAC give better result in laryngeal and glottic visualization, shorter tracheal intubation times, and less hemodynamic change.
Study on Water Distribution of Spraying Drone by different Speed and Altitude
Authors: Nordin Mohd Nadzim , Mat Jusoh Mohd Shahmihaizan , Abu Bakar Badril Hisham , Ahmad Mohd Taufik , Mail Mohd Fazly , Tet Vun Chong , Chin Chuang Teoh , Hassan Basri Mohd Shukry , Zolkafli Ahmad Kamil 
Published: November 2021

The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in Malaysia, or best known as a drone, is changing from time to time. Today, drones are used not only in the military, but also in agriculture. The use of drones became common in agriculture due to a reduction in cultivated land, labour shortages and obsolete methods. The spraying of pesticides and herbicides may also be carried out using drones. Furthermore, the time-consumed using drone is faster compared to the conventional method. On the market, there are different kinds and types of drone sprayers. Although the manufacturer has set the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for drone usage, the efficacy of spraying should first be examined because of Malaysia's weather and environmental factors which vary from other countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of altitude and speed of the drone onto the coverage area during spraying application. In this study, a plot consisting of 0.5 Hectares situated at MARDI Seberang Perai was used. Three different speeds of 2 m/s, 3 m/s, and 4 m/s and three altitudes measured in heights of 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m from the top of the crop were tested. Wind speed and direction were recorded using an anemometer during the study. Water-sensitive paper was used during the experiment to examine the effect on spraying. In order to calculate the coverage area percentage, the spraying effect on water sensitive paper was analysed using ImageJ software. The results are expected to show which speed and altitude may contribute to the largest area of coverage percentage. The appropriate altitude and speed for the spraying operation on the basis of crop requirements can be concluded from the result which is 2 m from above crop at speed of 2.5 m/s.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan, Brand Image, dan Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Jasa Transportasi Taksi Blue Bird di Jakarta Barat
Authors: Huda Miftakul , Hartati Nani 
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan Jasa Transportasi di Indonesia semakin meningkat setiap tahunya, hal ini dipengaruhi dengan perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih. Kemajuan pesat ini tentunya memberikan dampak perubahan yang signifikan, baik berdampak positif maupun negatif terhadap pelaku usaha lainya. Munculnya transportasi online mampu menggerus pelaku usaha konvensional, Kendati demikian jasa transportasi taksi Blue Bird masih mampu bertahan ditengah pesatnya persaingan di era globalisasi ini.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh Kualitas pelayanan, Brand Image dan Kepuasan Pelanggan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan taksi Blue Bird. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik accidental sampling, dengan melibatkan 105 responden pelanggan taksi Blue Bird di mall Ciputra Jakarta Barat. Untuk pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, penyebaran kuesioner dan studi kepustakaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis linear berganda dan uji hipotesis.
Pengolahan data menggunakan program SPSS Versi 22.0 dan menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa kualitas pelayanan (XI) tidak memberikan pengaruh positif dengan nilai signifikan 0,122 lebih besar dari 0.05, variabel Brand Image tidak memberikan pengaruh positif dengan nilai signifikan 0,192 lebih besar dari 0,05 dan variabel Kepuasan Pelanggan memberikan pengaruh positif dengan nilai signifikan 0,002 lebih kecil dari 0,05.
Interstellar Objects Follow the Collapse of Molecular Clouds
Authors: Pfalzner Susanne , Paterson Dylan , Bannister Michele T. , Zwart Simon Portegies 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Interstellar objects (ISOs), the parent population of 1i/‘Oumuamua and 2i/Borisov, are abundant in the interstellar medium of the Milky Way. This means that the interstellar medium, including molecular-cloud regions, has three components: gas, dust, and ISOs. From observational constraints of the field density of ISOs drifting in the solar neighborhood, we infer that a typical molecular cloud of 10 pc diameter contains some 1018 ISOs. At typical sizes ranging from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers, ISOs are entirely decoupled from the gas dynamics in these molecular clouds. Here we address the question of whether ISOs can follow the collapse of molecular clouds. We perform low-resolution simulations of the collapse of molecular clouds containing initially static ISO populations toward the point where stars form. In this proof-of-principle study, we find that the interstellar objects definitely follow the collapse of the gas—and many become bound to the new-forming numerical approximations to future stars (sinks). At minimum, 40% of all sinks have one or more ISO test particles gravitationally bound to them for the initial ISO distributions tested here. This value corresponds to at least 1010 actual ISOs being bound after three initial freefall times. Thus, ISOs are a relevant component of star formation. We find that more massive sinks bind disproportionately large fractions of the initial ISO population, implying competitive capture of ISOs. Sinks can also be solitary, as their ISOs can become unbound again—particularly if sinks are ejected from the system. Emerging planetary systems will thus develop in remarkably varied environments, ranging from solitary to richly populated with bound ISOs.
Confined and Eruptive Catastrophes of Solar Magnetic Flux Ropes Caused by Mass Loading and Unloading
Authors: Zhang Quanhao , Liu Rui , Wang Yuming , Li Xiaolei , Lyu Shaoyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is widely accepted that coronal magnetic flux ropes are the core structures of large-scale solar eruptive activities, which have a dramatic impact on the solar-terrestrial system. Previous studies have demonstrated that varying magnetic properties of a coronal flux rope system could result in a catastrophe of the rope, which may trigger solar eruptive activities. Since the total mass of a flux rope also plays an important role in stabilizing the rope, we use 2.5 dimensional magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations in this article to investigate how a flux rope evolves as its total mass varies. It is found that an unloading process that decreases the total mass of the rope could result in an upward (eruptive) catastrophe in the flux rope system, during which the rope jumps upward and the magnetic energy is released. This indicates that mass unloading processes could initiate the eruption of the flux rope. Moreover, when the system is not too diffusive, there is also a downward (confined) catastrophe that could be caused by mass loading processes via which the total mass accumulates. The magnetic energy, however, is increased during the downward catastrophe, indicating that mass loading processes could cause confined activities that may contribute to the storage of energy before the onset of coronal eruptions.
The mini-JPAS: A Study of the Wavelength Dependence of the Photon Response Nonuniformity of the JPAS-Pathfinder Camera
Authors: Xiao Kai , Yuan Haibo , Varela J. , Zhan Hu , Liu Jifeng , Abramo R. , Alcaniz J. , Benitez N. , Bonoli S. , Carneiro S. , Cenarro J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , de Oliveira C. M. , Dupke R. , Ederoclite A. , López-Sanjuan C. , Marín-Franch A. , Moles M. , Moreno A. , Muniesa D. , Sodré L. , Taylor K. , Vázquez-Ramió H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Understanding the origins of small-scale flats of CCDs and their wavelength-dependent variations plays an important role in high-precision photometric, astrometric, and shape measurements of astronomical objects. Based on the unique flat data of 47 narrowband filters provided by JPAS-Pathfinder, we analyze the variations of small-scale flats as a function of wavelength. We find moderate variations (from about 1.0% at 390 nm to 0.3% at 890 nm) of small-scale flats among different filters, increasing toward shorter wavelengths. Small-scale flats of two filters close in central wavelengths are strongly correlated. We then use a simple physical model to reproduce the observed variations to a precision of about ±0.14% by considering the variations of charge collection efficiencies, effective areas, and thicknesses between CCD pixels. We find that the wavelength-dependent variations of the small-scale flats of the JPAS-Pathfinder camera originate from inhomogeneities of the quantum efficiency (particularly charge collection efficiency), as well as the effective area and thickness of CCD pixels. The former dominates the variations in short wavelengths, while the latter two dominate at longer wavelengths. The effects on proper flat-fielding, as well as on photometric/flux calibrations for photometric/slitless spectroscopic surveys, are discussed, particularly in blue filters/wavelengths. We also find that different model parameters are sensitive to flats of different wavelengths, depending on the relations between the electron absorption depth, photon absorption length, and CCD thickness. In order to model the wavelength-dependent variations of small-scale flats, a small number (around 10) of small-scale flats with well-selected wavelengths are sufficient to reconstruct small-scale flats in other wavelengths.
Les sites funéraires et mémoriels de la Grande Guerre comme patrimoine « mondial » : la mobilisation d’une catégorie scalaire inconcevable ?
Authors: Hertzog Anne 
Published: November 2021

Depuis quelques années, la catégorie du « mondial » tend à s’imposer dans les pratiques de patrimonialisation des conflits, y compris dans la volonté d’inscrire certains champs de bataille sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial. Cette contribution analyse la pluralité des échelles mobilisées dans la candidature transnationale d’un bien en série associé aux sites funéraires et mémoriels de la Grande Guerre. L’usage d’une nouvelle catégorie scalaire pour identifier et qualifier la valeur de ce bien ne fait pas disparaître – loin s’en faut – la référence au « national » ou au « local », et questionne la possibilité de la construction d’une valeur « universelle » associée aux sites de guerre.
F(r)ictions d’échelles : les enjeux politiques de l’inscription des savoir-faire de l’Arc horloger franco-suisse à l’UNESCO
Authors: Munz Hervé 
Published: November 2021

Qu’est-ce qu’une approche du patrimoine culturel immatériel (pci) focalisée sur les géographies imaginées des acteurs et organisations sociaux peut révéler des formes d’appartenance communautaire ? Pour répondre à la question, cet article s’intéresse au cas des savoir-faire horlogers en Suisse et en France, et plus particulièrement à la constitution de la candidature « Savoir-faire en mécanique horlogère et mécanique d’art », cadrée à l’échelle de l’Arc transjurassien et inscrite sur la Liste représentative pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel en décembre 2020. Il examine ces géographies imaginées, et les enjeux qui les soustendent, en tant que « systèmes scalaires » mobilisés de différentes manières par des personnes et des groupes issus des mondes de l’horlogerie, de l’administration et des sciences humaines dans ces deux pays, entre eux et dans la région transfrontalière qui les relie.
Novel Postoperative Dropless Protocol for Micro-Incision Vitrectomy Surgery
Authors: Brown Gordon T. , Karth Peter A. , Hunter Allan A. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the outcomes of a novel postoperative dropless protocol for 25-gauge and 27-gauge micro-incision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The institutional review board approved a single-center, retrospective study. A total of 493 surgeries were identified, and 451 cases from 369 patients met eligibility criteria. Instead of pre- or postoperative drops, patients were given a novel postoperative dropless protocol consisting of subconjunctival injections of a 1:1 cefazolin:dexamethasone mix at each sclerotomy and intravitreally, and injection of posterior sub-Tenon's Kenalog. Primary outcome measure was cases of postoperative endophthalmitis.

RESULTS:

There was one presumed case of endophthalmitis. Anterior chamber paracentesis sample was negative for culture and Gram stain. For all patients, mean logMAR best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.65 (±0.69) to 0.57 (±0.61) postoperatively (
P
= 0.004). Mean intraocular pressure increased from 14.5 (±4.3) to 15.5 (±4.8) postoperatively (
P
< 0.001). Mean follow-up was 96 days.

CONCLUSION:
This novel postoperative dropless protocol could potentially be a convenient alternative to topical eye drops for patients undergoing MIVS, but further study is required to establish its safety.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:587–592.]