bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Argon Green Laser Treatment of Peripapillary Choroidal Neovascular Membranes
Authors: Cialdini Arnaldo P , Jalkh Alex E , Trempe Clement L , Nasrallah Fadi P , Schepens Charles L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Of 27 eyes with peripapillary choroidal neovascular membranes (PPCNM), 17 (63%) had age-related macular degeneration and ten (37%) were idiopathic. PPCNM were treated in 25 eyes using the monochromatic green argon laser. Two eyes were untreatable. After an average follow-up of 37.7 months, successful closure of the choroidal new vessels was obtained in 23 eyes (92%), and visual acuity was stabilized or improved in 20 (80%). Seven eyes (28%) had recurrences; in four, the new vessels extended into the macula. Post -treatment, three eyes ultimately had dry macular scars, and one had an exudative macular scar. Of these four eyes, only the one with a dry macular scar showed visual improvement. No treated cases showed arcuate scotoma.
Vitrectomy When Asteroid Hyalosis Prevents Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Lambrou Fred H , Sternberg Paul , Meredith Travis A , Mines Jonathan , Fine Stuart L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Asteroid hyalosis is a relatively common disorder of the vitreous that rarely causes visual impairment. However, funduscopic examination and laser photocoagulation can be difficult because of reflections off the asteroid bodies. Although vitrectomy is rarely indicated for impaired visual acuity, we report three cases in which pars plana vitrectomy was necessary to permit required retinal laser photocoagulation. In two patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a third patient with subretinal neovascularization marked asteroid hyalosis precluded photocoagulation by standard techniques.
Positive Anatomic Orientation of Corneal Transplant Tissue
Authors: Wessels Izak F , Thomas Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Anatomic orientation of corneal donor tissue is consistently possible by cutting a "V"-shaped notch in the scierai rim at 12 o'clock. An obvious marker improves the evaluation of suspicious lesions by other observers, facilitates accurate communication of findings to corneal surgeons, and aids in instructing new eye bank technicians. A further possible benefit is that the marker permits anatomically correct orientation of cornea) tissue.
Three Techniques for Combined ECCE, PC-IOL Implantation, and Keratoplasty
Authors: Binder Perry S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three different techniques are described for implanting posterior chamber lens implants during a combined extracapsular cataract extraction, posterior chamber lens implantation, and keratoplasty procedure. The implant can be placed immediately following cataract extraction, after which the cornea is replaced. If cortical remnants cannot be completely removed, the corneal transplant is sutured in place and a limbal incision made; the remaining remnants are then aspirated and a posterior chamber lens is implanted through the limbal incision. If no remnants remain, but the posterior chamber lens cannot be implanted due to positive vitreous pressure, the cornea is sewn into place with seven or eight interrupted sutures and the lens implanted through the remaining open quadrant, after which the corneal transplant procedure is completed.
Balloon Catheter Dilatation in Lacrimal Surgery
Authors: Becker Bruce B , Berry F Dean 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We performed balloon catheter dilatation in four patients with a failed dacryocystorhinostomy. Epiphora was relieved and a patent lacrimal drainage system was achieved after the procedure in three of the four. The fourth patient had a transient partial response. Epiphora recurring in one patient 3½ months after the procedure responded to a second dilatation.
Lacrimal Catheterization
Authors: Corin Scott M , Hurwitz Jeffrey J , Corin William J , Kazdan Martin S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A new atraumatic technique for identifying the medial cut end of a surgically lacerated canaliculus is described. It offers the advantage of allowing the surgeon to pass a stent through the canaliculus only, without surgically manipulating the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct or damaging the ipsilateral canaliculus.
Focal Scleral Thinning After Transscleral Nd: YAG Cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Fiore Philip M , Melamed Shlomo , Krug Joseph H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Transscleral neodymium (Nd): YAG cyclophotocoagulation, a new cyclodestructive procedure for controlling intraocular pressure in patients with refractory glaucoma, is designed to penetrate the sclera and selectively destroy the ciliary body and processes without damaging the overlying tissues. Complications include conjunctival edema, corneal edema, iritis, gas in the anterior chamber, pain, hyphema, hypopyon, vitreous hemorrhage, and cataract. We present a case in which a patient developed focal areas of scleral thinning 6 weeks after transscleral Nd: YAG cyclophotocoagulation. The possibility of scleral damage or thinning should be kept in mind when performing the procedure.
Prospective Study Comparing Hydrogel With PMMA Lens Implants
Authors: Percival Piers 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A prospective study has been undertaken to assess the relative merits of one-piece polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and poly 2 hydroxyethylmethacrylate "hydrogel" (P-HEMA) lenses in uncomplicated eyes after uncomplicated surgery. Two groups of 125 eyes each were matched in terms of patient age and sex. One group received PMMA lenses; the other group received P-HEMA lenses. Six months after surgery the visual acuity of 42% of eyes with P-HEMA lenses was 20/15, whereas that of 29% of eyes with PMMA lenses was 20/15 (p= 0.02). Major decentration occurred in two cases of P-HEMA lens implantation, but asymptomatic subclinical decentration was more common with PMMA lenses (p<0.001). The looped PMMA lens was considered adaptable to a wider variety of surgical conditions.
Excimer Laser Keratoplasty Part 1: Basic Concepts
Authors: Lang Gerhard K , Schroeder Eckhard , Koch Juergen W , Yanoff Myron , Naumann Gottfried O H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A commercially available ophthalmic excimer laser was used with a new "open mask system" to perform noncontact and nonthermal excimer laser keratoplasty in 20 human and 40 pig cadaver eyes. Circular penetrating corneal trephinations and corneal grafts were performed with the excimer laser set at 193 nm. Light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the human and pig eyes demonstrated the high quality of excimer laser trephination (smooth wound margins that were approximately parallel to the optical axis of the eye), and the superior wound configuration and geometry.
Iatrogenic Choroidal Neovascularization After Krypton Red Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Orth David H , Flood Timothy P , Packo Kirk H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A major cause for failure of krypton red laser photocoagulation in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration has been the development of recurrent choroidal neovascularization adjacent to the previously treated areas. After reviewing the possible causes of recurrences, it is apparent that a certain number are iatrogenic, ie, induced by krypton red laser causing disruption and damage to the pigment epithelium-Bruch's membrane-choroidal complex. We describe three separate episodes in two patients of iatrogenic recurrent choroidal neovascularization after krypton red laser photocoagulation.
Intraocular Human Thrombin Infusion in Diabetic Vitrectomies
Authors: Verdoorn C , Hendrikse F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effectiveness of intravitreal thrombin infusion during vitrectomy was prospectively evaluated in eight diabetic patients with persistent vitreous hemorrhages and severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy. A concentration of 80 units/ml of human thrombin diluted in BSS-plus infusion fluid was used. Bleeding time ranged between 2 and 15 seconds (mean, 5 seconds).
The reduction of bleeding facilitated surgery. In five of the eight cases the vitreous was clear one day postoperatively. One month postoperatively six eyes had clear media. No additional postoperative intraocular inflammation developed.
These results suggest that human thrombin causes less inflammation than bovine thrombin.
A New Cannula for Nucleus Hydrodissection
Authors: Allarakhia Liaquat , Pearce John L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This disposable 25-gauge cannula has a specially designed distal segment which facilitates crystalline lens nucleus hydrodissection or viscodissection. The injection of a fluid or viscous material creates a cleavage plane between the nucleus and cortex or capsule, thus facilitating extraction of the nucleus. The flattened, smooth, cannulated tip allows easier insertion and manipulation under the capsule.
More Assured in-the-Bag Placement of C-Loop Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Kietzman Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A bimanual technique for inserting C-loop intraocular lenses using a lens haptic loop to guide the superior lens haptic into the capsular bag is presented. The technique eliminates several shortcomings of conventional techniques, allowing more assured inthe-bag placements of C-loop intraocular lenses.
Merkel Cell Tumor of the Eyelid: A Review and Report of an Unusual Case
Authors: Mamalis Nick , Medlock Rickey D , Holds John B , Anderson Richard L , Crandall Alan S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a case of a Merkel cell tumor of the eyelid that manifested as a recurrent chalazion. This tumor had the classic characteristics of a Merkel cell neoplasm by light microscopy. Electron microscopy showed dense-core neurosecretory granules and perinuclear microfilaments consistent with the diagnosis. Because a Merkel cell tumor may manifest as a chalazion, pathologic evaluation of all atypical chalazia is essential. Merkel cell tumors are malignant, and they must be treated aggressively to minimize recurrence or metastasis.
Reducing Fire Hazard During Ophthalmic Surgery by Using Compressed Air
Authors: Neatrour G Peyton , Lederman Ira R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The use of oxygen increases the risk of fire during ophthalmic surgery. A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 100 patients without pulmonary disease who had cataract surgery under local anesthesia using either oxygen or compressed air. No clinically significant difference in oxygen saturation between the two groups was found. There was no statistically significant difference in the net change in saturation, and the significant difference found in overall mean saturation between the two groups was invalidated by inherent machine error. Using compressed air instead of oxygen is suggested to reduce fire hazard during ophthalmic surgery.
Results of Exchanging Anterior Chamber Lenses With Sulcus-Fixated Posterior Chamber IOLs Without Capsular Support in Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Johnson Stephen M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 47 patients who had had penetrating keratoplasty and intraocular lens exchange with fixation of a posterior chamber lens to the ciliary sulcus. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 30 months (mean, 13 months). The corneal grafts remained clear in 46 eyes. The average visual acuity of patients followed for more than 12 months was 20/60. Complications have been minor. Because of complications associated with anterior chamber lenses and these findings, we now utilize this technique in all patients who require penetrating keratoplasty and intraocular lens insertion without posterior capsule support.
A Solitary Conjunctival Relapse of Hodgkin's Disease Treated by Radiotherapy
Authors: Kremer Israel , Loven David , Mor Celia , Lurie Hedi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 78-year-old woman had a conjunctival mass in the inferior fornix. The lesion was diagnosed as a solitary relapse of Hodgkin's disease (HD), lymphocytic predominance type, which had been diagnosed 6 years earlier as stage III-B. It was successfully treated by local irradiation, with no evidence of local recurrence or any local ocular complications during a follow-up period of 3 years.
Association Between Cilioretinal Arteries and Juxtapapillary Scars
Authors: Nasrallah Fadi P , Weiter John J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We examined the relationship of cilioretinal arteries (CRAs) to juxtapapillary chorioretinal scars, along with the developmental significance of the latter in relation to CRA formation. Both eyes of 360 patients were studied. Sixty-eight (18.9%) of these patients had a CRA in at least one eye, 13 of these 68 (19.1%) had one in both. The CRAs were distributed equally between right and left eyes. Two hundred eight patients (57.8%) had a scar in at least one eye; 157 of these (75.5%) had one in both. The presence of a CRA was significantly associated with the presence of a scar. Since both are common developmental variations, this correlation points to a common embryologic formation mechanism.
Monochromatic Endoillumination for Epimacular Membrane Surgery
Authors: Kraushar Marvin F , Harris Michael J , Morse Peter H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We attempted to simultaneously increase visualization of epimacular membranes and minimize retinal phototoxicity by filtering the light of the endoilluminator during vitreous surgery. The monochromatic filters we employed to eliminate short wavelengths were not useful because they reduced the level of illumination. We advise using the lowest level of illumination possible and an ultraviolet/infrared filter over the light source when working close to the retinal surface. The filter can be adapted to replace the fluorescein filter in the Ocutome console to facilitate insertion and withdrawal.
Compensatory Epithelial Hyperplasia in Human Corneal Disease
Authors: Dillon Edward C , Eagle Ralph C , Laibson Peter R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Compensatory hyperplasia of the corneal epithelium (CEH) has been observed histopathologically in animal and human eyes after excimer laser photoablative keratectomy, and has been implicated as a cause of variable refractive results and refractive regression after this procedure. Retrospective histopathologic analysis of routine keratoplasty specimens revealed CEH in 85 of 130 (65%) corneas with keratoconus, 18 of 36 (50%) corneas with chronic herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis, and 14 of 25 (56%) corneas coded as nonspecific scars. Mild CEH occurred apically and/or peripherally in keratoconus. Massive CEH (up to 200 µm thick) occurred in chronic HSV keratitis with irregular stromal loss. Our data indicate that CEH occurs frequently in several corneal diseases marked by stromal ectasia or loss. We postulate that stromal loss may contribute to CEH by providing relative protection against exfoliative shearing forces of superior eyelid closure. Our study complements previous reports that imply that CEH is a contributory factor in refractive regression after excimer laser photoablation.
Comparison of Two Needle Lengths in Regional Ophthalmic Anesthesia With Etidocaine and Hyaluronidase
Authors: Sarvela Johanna , Nikki Pertti 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effect of needle length on the efficacy of regional ophthalmic anesthesia in conjunction with cataract surgery was studied in 97 patients using a two-site injection technique. The local anesthetic used was etidocaine 1.5% with hyaluronidase. In 48 patients, the anesthetic was administered inferolaterally with a 22-millimeter needle, and in the other 49 patients, with a 31-millimeter needle. Every patient had a medial injection with a 12-millimeter needle to achieve lid akinesia and to complete the globe akinesia. At 5 minutes, lid akinesia was considered better in the 22-millimeter needle group (P < .005). After one supplemental dose, when necessary, complete globe akinesia was achieved at 15 minutes significantly more often (94% vs 79%) in the 31-millimeter needle group (P < .05). Lid akinesia in the two groups was identical at that time. Eight patients in the short-needle group and three in the long-needle group experienced some pain during surgery. Throughout the study, the required intraorbital anesthetic volumes were smaller in the 31-millimeter needle group. We recommend the use of a 31-millimeter needle inferolaterally in combination with a 12-millimeter needle medially to achieve satisfactory regional anesthesia for cataract surgery.
Refractive Hazards of Intraoperative Retinal Photocoagulation
Authors: Azzolini Claudio , Docchio Franco , Brancato Rosario 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The refractions of a laser beam during transpupillary and endo-ocular intraoperative retinal photocoagulation as it passes through vitreous substitutes, with varying refractive indexes, were investigated with the use of mathematical algorithms and ray tracers. The following modifications and potential hazards were noted: 1) deviations of the laser beam (unlikely, however, to cause target error when surgery is properly conducted); 2) variations in laser-beam diameter and power density (up to 60%), easily leading to retinal underexposure or overexposure; and 3) asymmetry in beam distribution at the target site, leading to non-uniform retinal photocoagulation. Proper surgical techniques must be adopted before and during intraoperative photocoagulation to minimize retinal hazards. The relatively short distance between the endolaser probe and the retina means that fewer undesirable refractions occur with endo-ocular photoco- agulation than with transpupillary indirect intraoperative photocoagulation.
Anterior Chamber Reaction After Mitomycin and 5-Fluorouracil Trabeculectomy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kawase Kazuhide , Nishimura Kohsaku , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Jikihara Shuichi , Kitazawa Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We measured aqueous flare in 16 glaucomatous eyes after trabeculectomy in which 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or mitomycin C (MMC) had been used as an adjunctive therapy. The eyes were divided into a 5-FU and an MMC group, matched for factors that might influence the postoperative inflammatory response to intraocular surgery. Seven eyes of seven patients received subconjunctival injections of 5-FU (50 mg in 2 weeks) and nine eyes of nine patients were given 0.2 mg/0.5 mL MMC intraoperatively.
The aqueous flare converted to an albumin concentration mg/dLj was significantly higher in the 5-FU group than in the MMC group (359.6 ± 113.8 mg/dL and 143.2 ± 46.7 mg/dL, respectively; Mann-Whitney U test, P < .05) on the second postoperative day. Intraoperative MMC appears to be no more harmful to the blood-aqueous barrier than 5-FU.
Treatment of Dry Eye by Moving the Lacrimal Punctum to Dry Dock
Authors: Murube-del-Castillo Juan , Hernandez-King Jacqueline 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Several methods for occluding the lacrimal canaliculi to prevent spontaneous drainage have been described for the treatment of dry eye. These techniques have been either of short duration or irreversible. We have developed a technique in which the vertical portion of the lacrimal canaliculus is transferred anteriorly, and the lacrimal punctum is placed between the eyelashes, where it is out of the lacrimal meniscus and therefore nonfunctional. If the quantity of lacrimal secretion improves, the vertical portion of the lacrimal canaliculus may be returned to its original site, allowing normal lacrimal flow. The technique was successful in 12 puncta of seven patients with more than 5 years of follow up. The operation was easily reversed in the two puncta of one patient who complained of epiphora after lacrimal secretion had improved, allowing spontaneous tear drainage.
Survival of Patients and Metastatic and Local Recurrent Tumor Growth in Malignant Melanoma of the Uvea After Ruthenium Plaque Radiotherapy
Authors: Summanen Paula , Immonen Ilkka , Heikkonen Jorma , Tommila Petri , Laatikainen Leila , Tarkkanen Ahti 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A series of 100 consecutive patients treated by ruthenium plaque radiotherapy for uveal malignant melanoma from 1981 to 1991 was studied to evaluate local recurrences, métastases, and melanomaspecific mortality. Follow up ranged from 1.0 to 10.1 years (mean, 3.3; median, 3.0 years). Local relapse was observed in 19 patients from 0.1 to 2.7 years (median, 0.7 years) after therapy. Six of these eyes were enucleated. The 5-year probability of local tumor control was 59%. Seven patients with local relapse developed metastasis O to 4.3 years (median. 1.4 years) later. Altogether, 18 patients developed métastases 0.9 to 4.6 years (median, 2.0 years) after the irradiation, and 15 of them died of melanoma 5 days to 3.3 years (median, 0.5 years) after detection of metastases. The 5-year probability of metastasis not developing was 61%. The overall 5-year survival was 78%, excluding causes other than malignant melanoma. Large tumor size and anterior tumor location, with or without ciliary body involvement, predicted poor prognosis both in terms of local growth, métastases, and melanoma-specific mortality. Local recurrent tumor growth was associated with a significant increase in metastasis but a nonsignificant increase in melanoma-specific mortality.
A Transcorneal Modification for Scleral Fixation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Rehany Uri , Rumelt Shimon 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A simple transcorneal surgical modification for scierai fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses is described for use in cases in which posterior-capsule or zonular support are missing or unsafe. The technique allows a "closed" eye system to be maintained with minimal intraocular manipulation.
Glaucoma Triple Procedures Leaving the Internal Corneal Valve Intact to Control Induced Astigmatism-Theoretic Considerations
Authors: Nielsen Per Julius 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
As glaucoma surgery increasingly tends to be performed in younger patients, stabilizing visual results by reducing the amount of surgically-induced astigmatism will become iust as important as controlling intraocular pressure. I describe two glaucoma triple procedures involving small-incision cataract surgery in which, as contrasted with previous techniques, the internal cataract incision is separated from the trabeculectomy, theoretically reducing surgically-induced astigmatism. One method features a standard trabeculectomy with sutures in the scierai flap; the other, an ab externo trabeculectomy in which no sutures are used. The effectiveness of both these methods in actually reducing surgically-induced astigmatism, while controlling intraocular pressure (IOP), remains to be demonstrated, but the possibility that they might, seems well worth exploring.
Modifying a Polaroid Camera for Close-up Documentation
Authors: Wessels Izak F , Oeinck Chris 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A standard plus-three-diopter trial lens held in front of the objective lens of an inexpensive Polaroid camera produces close-up photographs of acceptable quality. This simple technique can be used to inexpensively document indications for plastic surgery and provide medicolegal documentation. The 23-millimeterdiameter trial lens provided acceptable resolution, but reduced depth of field; it must be well-centered to avoid vignetting.
Inadvertent Cyclodialysis Cleft
Authors: Aminlari Ali 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report four patients with functionally significant inadvertent cyclodialysis cleft. In three, the cleft followed uneventful extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation; in the fourth, blunt trauma with hyphema. Ocular hypotony resolved in three patients with medical therapy; the fourth required argon laser photocoagulation. Causes, clinical findings, and treatment of inadvertent cyclodialysis cleft are reviewed.