bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GD3 synthase deletion alters retinal structure and impairs visual function in mice
Authors: Abreu Carla Andreia , Teixeira‐Pinheiro Leandro Coelho , Lani‐Louzada Rafael , da Silva‐Junior Almir Jordão , Vasques Juliana F. , Gubert Fernanda , Nascimento‐dos‐Santos Gabriel , Mohana‐Borges Ronaldo , Matos Eduardo de Souza , Pimentel‐Coelho Pedro Moreno , Santiago Marcelo Felippe , Mendez‐Otero Rosalia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGangliosides are glycosphingolipids abundantly expressed in the vertebrate nervous system, and are classified into a‐, b‐, or c‐series according to the number of sialic acid residues. The enzyme GD3 synthase converts GM3 (an a‐series ganglioside) into GD3, a b‐series ganglioside highly expressed in the developing and adult retina. The present study evaluated the visual system of GD3 synthase knockout mice (GD3s–/–), morphologically and functionally. The absence of b‐ series gangliosides in the retinas of knockout animals was confirmed by mass spectrometry imaging, which also indicated an accumulation of a‐series gangliosides, such as GM3. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density was significantly reduced in GD3s–/– mice, with a similar reduction in the number of axons in the optic nerve. Knockout animals also showed a 15% reduction in the number of photoreceptor nuclei, but no difference in the bipolar cells. The area occupied by GFAP‐positive glial cells was smaller in GD3s–/– retinas, but the number of microglial cells/macrophages did not change. In addition to the morphological alterations, a 30% reduction in light responsiveness was detected through quantification of pS6‐expressing RGC, an indicator of neural activity. Furthermore, electroretinography (ERG) indicated a significant reduction in RGC and photoreceptor electrical activity in GD3s–/– mice, as indicated by scotopic ERG and pattern ERG (PERG) amplitudes. Finally, evaluation of the optomotor response demonstrated that GD3s–/– mice have reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. These results suggest that b‐series gangliosides play a critical role in regulating the structure and function of the mouse visual system.
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Retentive Forces of Removable Partial Denture Clasp Assemblies Made from Polyaryletherketone and Cobalt‐Chromium: A Comparative Study
Authors: Gentz Frank I. , Brooks Daniel I. , Liacouras Peter C. , Petrich Anton , Hamlin Christopher M. , Ellert Daniel O. , Ye Ling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare retentive forces of removable partial denture clasps traditionally fabricated with cobalt‐chromium (CoCr) material and two computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) thermoplastic polymers.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight clasp assemblies (16 CoCr, 16 polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and 16 polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) thermoplastic polymer) were fabricated for 48 mandibular tooth analogs. Individual clasps were inserted and removed on the tooth analogs utilizing a chewing simulator for 15,000 cycles to simulate 10 years of use. Retentive forces were measured utilizing a mechanical load tester at baseline and intervals of 1500 cycles. Data were analyzed with one‐way Analysis of Variance, Tukey post‐hoc, and paired T tests.ResultsMean retentive forces between all groups were significantly different (p < 0.001). Retentive forces of CoCr clasps were significantly higher than both polymers (p < 0.001). The mean retentive forces for PEEK were not significantly different from PEKK (p = 0.23). A significant increase in retentive forces was observed for all three clasps after the first period of cycling, followed by continual decrease for the remaining cycles. At the endpoint of 15,000 cycles, no clasp assemblies showed lower retentive forces than at initial baseline.ConclusionThermoplastic polymer clasps demonstrated lower retentive forces compared to CoCr clasps. All three groups displayed a similar pattern of initial increase, followed by a gradual decrease, of retentive force. Despite this observation, the clasps maintained similar or higher retentive forces than measured at baseline. This resistance to fatigue and ability to fabricate with CAD/CAM technologies provides support for clinical use of these high‐performance polymer (HPP) materials.
A classification approach to estimating human circadian phase under circadian alignment from actigraphy and photometry data
Authors: Brown Lindsey S. , St. Hilaire Melissa A. , McHill Andrew W. , Phillips Andrew J. K. , Barger Laura K. , Sano Akane , Czeisler Charles A. , Doyle Francis J. , Klerman Elizabeth B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe time of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is the gold standard for circadian phase assessment in humans, but collection of samples for DLMO is time and resource‐intensive. Numerous studies have attempted to estimate circadian phase from actigraphy data, but most of these studies have involved individuals on controlled and stable sleep‐wake schedules, with mean errors reported between 0.5 and 1 hour. We found that such algorithms are less successful in estimating DLMO in a population of college students with more irregular schedules: Mean errors in estimating the time of DLMO are approximately 1.5‐1.6 hours. We reframed the problem as a classification problem and estimated whether an individual's current phase was before or after DLMO. Using a neural network, we found high classification accuracy of about 90%, which decreased the mean error in DLMO estimation—identifying the time at which the switch in classification occurs—to approximately 1.3 hours. To test whether this classification approach was valid when activity and circadian rhythms are decoupled, we applied the same neural network to data from inpatient forced desynchrony studies in which participants are scheduled to sleep and wake at all circadian phases (rather than their habitual schedules). In participants on forced desynchrony protocols, overall classification accuracy dropped to 55%‐65% with a range of 20%‐80% for a given day; this accuracy was highly dependent upon the phase angle (ie, time) between DLMO and sleep onset, with the highest accuracy at phase angles associated with nighttime sleep. Circadian patterns in activity, therefore, should be included when developing and testing actigraphy‐based approaches to circadian phase estimation. Our novel algorithm may be a promising approach for estimating the onset of melatonin in some conditions and could be generalized to other hormones.
Framing the microfoundations of design thinking as a dynamic capability for innovation: Reconciling theory and practice
Authors: Magistretti Stefano , Ardito Lorenzo , Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDesign thinking (DT) is gaining ground among academics and practitioners as a means to improve the innovativeness of organizations. However, with few exceptions, DT studies are most entrenched in practice rather than theory‐driven research. This weak tie between theory and managerial practice calls for delving into the dynamics of DT for innovation to build stronger foundations for future studies. Therefore, this study provides a theory‐based framing of DT for innovation and a critical review of the DT literature to reconcile theory and practice. To this end, we propose framing and advancing DT as a dynamic capability for innovation rooted in lower‐level aspects, namely microfoundations. Based on our theoretical framework, we conduct a systematic literature review that unveils the dynamics of DT and the context‐specific capabilities to innovate. The contributions of the paper are twofold. First, we provide a theory‐based framing of DT and combining it with existing theories in innovation and management (i.e., dynamic capabilities and microfoundations). Second, we review the extant literature on DT for innovation to reconcile previous studies with these theoretical lenses to, hence, guide future research. Based on this interpretation, we then define a number of avenues for future research, thus reconciling practical evidence with theories that can further explain how DT relates to firm innovativeness.
Higher prevalence of hysterectomy among rural women than urban women: Implications for measures of disparities in uterine and cervical cancers
Authors: Adam Emily E. , White Mary C. , Saraiya Mona 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeDifferences in hysterectomy prevalence by rural or urban residence could distort comparisons of rural‐urban cervical and uterine cancer incidence. Using data from a large population‐based survey, we sought to understand whether hysterectomy prevalence varies by rural or urban residence and whether the relationship between hysterectomy prevalence and rurality varies by race or ethnicity.MethodsOur analysis included 197,759 female respondents to the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, aged 20‐79 years. We calculated population weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals for hysterectomy prevalence, stratified by rural‐urban residence and 5‐year age groups. We also report estimates of hysterectomy prevalence by rural‐urban residence for specific race and ethnic groups.FindingsHysterectomy prevalence increased with age and was more common among rural women than urban women. The largest absolute difference occurred among women aged 45‐49 years; 28.6% of rural women (95% CI: 25.1‐32.2) and 16.6% of urban women (95% CI: 15.3‐17.8) reported a hysterectomy. For hysterectomy prevalence by race and ethnicity, rural estimates were higher than urban estimates for the following groups of women: non‐Hispanic Asian, non‐Hispanic other race, non‐Hispanic Black, and non‐Hispanic White. Among Hispanic women and non‐Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native women, rural‐urban differences in hysterectomy prevalence were not statistically different at the 95% confidence level.ConclusionsOur results suggest that variation in hysterectomy prevalence, if not adjusted in the analysis, could produce distorted comparisons in measures of the relationship between rurality and uterine and cervical cancer rates. The magnitude of this confounding bias may vary by race and ethnicity.
The risk of hepatitis C virus recurrence in hepatitis C virus‐infected patients treated with direct‐acting antivirals after achieving a sustained virological response: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Huang Peng , Wang Yan , Yue Ming , Ge Zhijun , Xia Xueshan , Jeyarajan Andre J. , Holmes Jacinta A. , Yu Rongbin , Zhu Chuanwu , Yang Sheng , Lin Wenyu , Chung Raymond T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsThe risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence persists after HCV eradication with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs), particularly in patients with ongoing high‐risk behaviours. Our aim was to assess the risk of HCV recurrence (late relapse and/or reinfection) post‐sustained virological response (SVR).MethodsWe searched the literature for studies reporting HCV recurrence rates post‐SVR in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Identified publications were divided into groups based on patient risk for HCV reinfection: low‐risk HCV mono‐infection, high‐risk HCV mono‐infection and a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfection. The HCV recurrence rate for each study was calculated by using events divided by the person‐years of follow‐up (PYFU). HCV recurrence was defined as confirmed, detectable HCV RNA post‐SVR.ResultsIn the 16 studies of low‐risk patients, the pooled recurrence rate was 0.89/1000 PYFU (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16‐2.03). For the 19 studies of high‐risk patients, the pooled recurrence rate was 29.37/1000 PYFU (95% CI, 15.54‐46.91). For the eight studies of HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients, the pooled recurrence rate was 23.25/1000 PYFU (95% CI, 4.24‐53.39). The higher pooled estimates of recurrence in the high‐risk and HIV/HCV‐coinfected populations were predominantly driven by an increase in reinfection rather than late relapse.ConclusionsThe HCV recurrence risk after achieving SVR with all‐oral DAAs therapy is low, and the risk of HCV recurrence in high‐risk and HIV/HCV‐coinfected populations was driven by an increase in reinfection rather than late relapse.
Collagen proportionate area correlates with histological stage and predicts clinical events in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Saffioti Francesca , Hall Andrew , de Krijger Manon , Verheij Joanne , Hübscher Stefan G. , Maurice James , Luong Tu Vinh , Pinzani Massimo , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. , Thorburn Douglas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease in need of accurate biomarkers for stratification and as surrogates for clinical endpoints in trials. Quantitative liver fibrosis assessment by collagen proportionate area (CPA) measurement has been demonstrated to correlate with clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C, alcohol‐related and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. We aimed to investigate the ability of CPA to quantify liver fibrosis and predict clinical events in PSC.MethodsBiopsies from 101 PSC patients from two European centres were retrospectively assessed by two expert pathologists in tandem, using grading (Ishak and Nakanuma) and staging (Ishak, Nakanuma, Ludwig) systems recently validated to predict clinical events in PSC. CPA was determined by image analysis of picro‐Sirius red‐stained sections following a standard protocol. We assessed the correlations between CPA, staging and grading and their associations with three outcomes: (1) time to PSC‐related death, liver transplant or primary liver cancer; (2) liver transplant‐free survival; (3) occurrence of cirrhosis‐related clinical manifestations.ResultsCPA correlated strongly with histological stage determined by each scoring system (P < .001) and was significantly associated with the three endpoints. Median time to endpoint‐1, endpoint‐2 and endpoint‐3 was shorter in patients with higher CPA, on Kaplan‐Meier analyses (P = .011, P = .034 and P = .001, respectively).ConclusionQuantitative fibrosis assessment by CPA has utility in PSC. It correlates with established histological staging systems and predicts clinical events. CPA may be a useful tool for staging fibrosis and for risk stratification in PSC and should be evaluated further within prospective clinical trials.
Progression of cortical dysfunction in CSF1R‐related leukoencephalopathy detected using single‐photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Sakaguchi Hiroka , Hasegawa Itsuki , Minatani Shinobu , Miyazawa Naotaka , Okamoto Kosuke , Mino Toshikazu , Takeda Akitoshi , Hatsuta Hiroyuki , Yoshizaki Takahito , Abe Takato , Kondo Yasufumi , Yoshida Kunihiro , Itoh Yoshiaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease progressively affecting cognitive and motor functions, most often caused by mutations in the colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor gene (CSF1R).AimTo elucidate the mechanism of disease progression, changes in white matter lesions and cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) were evaluated in cases during various stages of the disease.MethodsAll patients were diagnosed with HDLS by confirming mutations in CSF1R. Regional CBF was evaluated using single‐photon emission computed tomography and was analyzed semiquantitatively.ResultsThree cases (2 males and 1 female, ages 51, 53, and 48 years on admission, disease duration from 1 to 8 years) were registered. All cases exhibited different CSF1R mutations and progressive frontal dysfunction. Scores of the Frontal Assessment Battery and time in the Trail Making Test worsened as the disease progressed, whereas the Mini‐Mental State Examination score remained relatively stable. MRI revealed progressive white matter lesions in the frontal lobe and atrophy of the anterior body of the corpus callosum. Regional CBF was low in the medial frontal cortex in the early case, and the area of hypoperfusion spread to the lateral frontal cortex and parietal cortex as the disease progressed. CBF was maintained in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and occipital lobes.ConclusionsHypoperfusion was initially observed in the medial frontal lobe and spread to the lateral frontal lobe and parietal lobe with disease progression. Spreading of accumulated abnormal proteins induced by mutation in CSF1R may be involved as a molecular mechanism of disease progression.
Three‐dimensional soft tissue changes in orthodontic extraction and non‐extraction patients: A prospective study
Authors: Rongo Roberto , Nissen Line , Leroy Cécile , Michelotti Ambrosina , Cattaneo Paolo M. , Cornelis Marie A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the soft tissue changes in orthodontic extraction and non‐extraction patients on 3D stereophotogrammetric images.Setting and sample23 extraction (22.2 ± 9.2 years) and 23 non‐extraction (20.3 ± 11.1 years) consecutive patients were enrolled at the Sections of Orthodontics at Aarhus University and at University of Naples Federico II.MethodsAll patients had a first 3D image taken after bonding of brackets on the upper incisors (T0), and a second 3D image (T1) after space closure in the extraction group or at insertion of the first SS or TMA rectangular wire in the non‐extraction group. The 3D images were captured with 3dMDFace System and analysed with 3dMDVultus Software. After placing 19 landmarks, 15 measurements were obtained. Intragroup changes were analysed with paired t‐test and intergroup changes with unpaired t‐test (P < .05).ResultsSuperimpositions of the 3D images at T0 and T1 visualized with colour‐coded maps showed that soft tissue changes primarily happened in the perioral area in both groups. The Nasolabial angle increased significantly in the extraction group (3°± 4.1, P = .002), while it decreased in the non‐extraction group (−1.5°± 5.5°, P = .002). There was a significant difference between the two groups (4.4°, P = .004).Conclusions3D comparison of the soft tissues in the extraction and non‐extraction groups showed statistically significant, but clinically limited differences in the perioral area. The Nasolabial angle was significantly larger at T1 in the extraction group compared with the non‐extraction group.
Tricuspid regurgitation associated with implantable electrical device insertion: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tatum Rob , Maynes Elizabeth J. , Wood Chelsey T. , Deb Avijit K. , Austin Melissa A. , O'Malley Thomas J. , Choi Jae Hwan , Massey H. Todd , Morris Rohinton J. , Pavri Behzad B. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and permanent pacemaker (PPM) lead placement may worsen or result in tricuspid regurgitation (TR). While the association between lead placement and the incidence of TR has been established, current understanding of this problem remains incomplete. This systematic review and meta‐analysis sought to pool the existing evidence to better understand the occurrence and severity of TR associated with cardiac implantable electrical device (CIED) insertion.MethodsAn electronic search was performed to identify all relevant studies published from 2000 to 2018. Overall, 15 studies were selected for the analysis comprising 4019 patients with data reported on TR development following ICD or PPM lead placement. Demographic information, perioperative clinical variables, and clinical outcome measures, including pre and postoperative echocardiographic TR grade changes, were extracted and pooled for systematic review.ResultsMean patient age was 69 years [95% CI: 64.62‐73.59], and 63% [95% CI: 57‐68] were male. Devices implanted included ICD in 57% [95%CI: 43‐70] and PPM in 41% [95%CI: 31‐52]. The most common indications for pacemaker implantation were sick sinus syndrome in 22% [95% CI: 22‐37] and AV block in 21% [95%CI:12‐34. The commonest indications for ICD implantation were primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Atrial fibrillation was present in 37% [95%CI: 28‐46] and congestive heart failure in 15% [95%CI: 2‐57]. Baseline distribution of TR grades were as follows: grade 0/1 TR in 89% [95%CI: 82‐93], grade 2 TR in 8% [95%CI: 5‐13], grade 3 TR in 2% [95%CI: 0‐7] and grade 4 TR in 2% [95%CI: 1‐4]. Post‐procedure, grade 0/ 1 TR decreased to 68% [95% CI: 51‐81] (p < 0.01), grade 2 TR increased to 21% [15‐28] (p < 0.01), grade 3 TR increased to 13% [95%CI: 5‐32] (p = 0.02), and grade 4 TR increased to 7% [95%CI: 5‐9] (p < 0.01).ConclusionICD and PPM lead placement is associated with increased TR post‐procedure. Further studies are warranted to evaluate changes in TR grade in the long term.
Landing on the spot: Approaches to outflow tract PVCs; from ECG to EGMs to intracardiac echocardiography
Authors: Hadjis Alexios , Frontera Antonio , Limite Luca Rosario , Lipartiti Felicia , Tsitsinakis George , Vlachos Konstantinos , Becker Giuliano , Sturmer Marcio , Jaïs Pierre , Hsia Henry , Gerstenfeld Edward , Della Bella Paolo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPremature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are increasingly recognized, as the use of ECG wearables becomes more widespread. In particular, PVCs arising from both the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) comprise the majority of these arrhythmias and form a significant component of an electrophysiology practice. A keen understanding of the correlative anatomy of the outflow tracts, in addition to recognizing key ECG indices illustrating PVC sites of origin, are fundamental in preparing for a successful ablation. Patient selection, incorporating symptomatology, structural disease, and PVC burden can pose a challenge, though tools such as the ABC‐VT risk score may help identify those patients with a higher risk of clinical deterioration. Utilizing intracardiac echocardiography to highlight salient anatomic features not visible with fluoroscopy allows for a more precise and safer ablation. Interpretation of intracardiac EGMs, and the careful examination for low amplitude highly fractionated pre‐potentials, enhanced by the advent of new developed mapping/ablation catheters, remains crucial. Utilizing these tools will guide the electrophysiologist to an efficient and effective outflow tract PVC ablation.
Correlation between the Bayley‐III at 3 years and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition, at 6 years
Authors: Nishijima Mizuki , Yoshida Taketoshi , Matsumura Kenta , Inomata Satomi , Nagaoka Mitsuhide , Tamura Kentaro , Kawasaki Yukako , Makimoto Masami 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough several studies have investigated the association between Bayley‐III results in infancy and future intellectual development, conclusions remain unclear. We used the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley‐III) at 3 years of age and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC‐IV) at 6 years of age to assess the neurodevelopment of very low birthweight infants.MethodsWe investigated the correlation between Bayley‐III's cognitive, language, and motor scores and the WISC‐IV's Full‐Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). We also determined the optimal cut‐off value of Bayley‐III to enter the normal development zone (FSIQ ≥ 85).ResultsWe found a strong correlation between the Bayley‐III and the FSIQ. Optimal cut‐off scores of the Bayley‐III to enter the normal range on the WISC‐IV were 95 for the cognitive scale, 89 for the language scale, and 91 for the motor development scale.ConclusionsAlthough Bayley‐III scores strongly correlated with the WISC‐IV FSIQ, the lower normal limit of 85 on the Bayley‐III suggests a potential overestimation of development in children who were VLBW infants.