bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitruvius De Architectura V
Authors: Pöhlmann Egert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In Book 5 of De architectura, the main subjects of Vitruvius are the Roman and Greek theatre and their acoustic qualities, explained with the help of several Greek theories. Vitruvius tries to enhance them by introducing a system of assisted resonance. Following the Harmonics of Aristoxenus, he recommends equipping theatre buildings with ἠχεῖα of bronze or earthenware, with the aim of increasing the strength of the voices of actors. Archaeological evidence for such equipment is nonexistent. But in Eastern and Western churches, vessels under the floor and in the walls were found. The Western examples begin in Carolingian times, when De architectura became known again. Thus, there is a debate about whether or not the work of Vitruvius had an influence on Carolingian architecture. The ἠχεῖα of Vitruvius and the resounding vessels in churches work as Helmholtz-Resonators, the sound-absorbing effects of which were used in churches with high internal resonance, while their sound-reinforcing effects were the aim of the ἠχεῖα in theatres.
Recognising Freedom of Thought in Irish Constitutional Law
Authors: Cahill Maria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent technological advances have made clear that the law needs to take a stance in relation to freedom of thought. Although there is no formal recognition of freedom of thought in the text of the 1937 Constitution of Ireland, I will argue that such a right does exist in Irish law on the basis of both implicit and initial explicit recognition for freedom of thought in the decisions of the superior courts. Part 2 lays out the ways in which freedom of thought is implicitly recognised in the Irish legal system, both through the protection of other constitutional rights and through the place of international law in the Irish legal order. Part 3 takes the analysis a step further, using the doctrine of unenumerated rights (a peculiarity of Irish constitutional law) to spotlight an overlooked Supreme Court judgment in which the right to freedom of thought has been judicially recognised in the absence of a textual mandate in the Constitution. It then proceeds to shore up arguments in favour of such recognition, arguing that protecting freedom of thought is a good thing, because it honours human freedom and human dignity.
Gratitude as the Foundation for Joy
Authors: Emmons Robert A. , Afshar Marc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Joy and gratitude are two of the deepest touch points of human existence. Joy is a multi-faceted concept that is best thought of as an emotion-virtue composed of delight in that which is ultimately good. Gratitude is an affirmation of the good and a recognition of where that good is sourced. As self-transcendent, positive emotion dispositions at the heart of many religious and spiritual traditions, these qualities are key components of the flourishing life. Gratitude been object of serious study across many traditions for many centuries; joy has only recently become the focus of investigations in theology and in the human sciences. We explore the connection between the two, and with a special focus on youth thriving, we consider how gratitude practices can potentiate joy.
Prognostic value of measurable residual disease after venetoclax and decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Maiti Abhishek , DiNardo Courtney D. , Wang Sa A. , Jorgensen Jeffrey , Kadia Tapan M. , Daver Naval G. , Short Nicholas J. , Yilmaz Musa , Pemmaraju Naveen , Borthakur Gautam , Bose Prithviraj , Issa Ghayas C. , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Jabbour Elias J. , Jain Nitin , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Ohanian Maro , Takahashi Koichi , Montalban-Bravo Guillermo , Masarova Lucia , Burger Jan A. , Thompson Philip A. , Verstovsek Srdan , Sasaki Koji , Andreeff Michael , Rausch Caitlin R. , Montalbano Kathryn S. , Pierce Sherry , Qiao Wei , Ning Jing , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Konopleva Marina Y. , Ravandi Farhad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) provides prognostic information in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the utility of MRD with venetoclax-based lower intensity regimens is unknown. We analyzed the prognostic value of achieving a negative MRD in older/“unfit” patients with AML receiving first-line therapy with 10-day decitabine and venetoclax. MRD was evaluated in bone marrow specimens using multicolor flow cytometry (sensitivity 0.1%). Ninety-seven patients achieving either a complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) or morphologic leukemia-free state were included. Median age was 72 years (interquartile range, 68-78 years), and 64% had adverse-risk AML. Eighty-three patients achieved CR/CRi, and 52 (54%) became MRD negative. Median time to becoming MRD negative was 2.0 months (interquartile range, 0.9-3.1 months). Patients becoming MRD negative by 2 months had longer relapse-free survival (RFS) compared with those remaining MRD positive (median RFS, not reached vs 5.2 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.78; P = .004), longer event-free survival (EFS) (median EFS, not reached vs 5.8 months; HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.12-0.55; P &lt; .001), as well as longer overall survival (OS) (median OS, 25.1 vs 7.1 months; HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11-0.51; P &lt; .001). Patients achieving an MRD-negative CR had longer OS compared with those with an inferior response (median OS, 25.1 vs 11.6 months; HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.19-0.58; P &lt; .0005). Patients becoming MRD negative within 1 month had an improved OS compared with MRD-positive patients (median OS, 25.1 vs 3.4 months; HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.03-0.64; P &lt; .0001). Differential impact of MRD status on survival outcomes persisted at a later 4-month time point of evaluation. In conclusion, MRD-negative status at 1, 2, and 4 months after starting therapy confers significantly better survival in older/unfit patients with AML receiving first-line therapy with 10-day decitabine and venetoclax. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03404193.
COVID-19 in individuals with sickle cell disease/trait compared with other Black individuals
Authors: Singh Ashima , Brandow Amanda M. , Panepinto Julie A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the United States, COVID-19 has disproportionately affected Black persons. Sickle cell disease (SCD) and sickle cell trait (SCT) are genetic conditions that occur predominantly among Black individuals. It is unknown if individuals with SCD/SCT are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness compared with Black individuals who do not have SCD/SCT. The objective of our study was to compare COVID-19 outcomes, including the disease manifestations, hospitalization, and death, among individuals with SCD/SCT vs Black individuals who do not have SCD/SCT. We leveraged electronic health record data from a multisite research network to identify Black patients with COVID-19 who have SCD/SCT and those who do not have SCD/SCT. During the study period of 20 January 2020 to 20 September 2020, there were 312 patients with COVID-19 and SCD and 449 patients with COVID-19 and SCT. There were 45 517 Black persons who were diagnosed with COVID-19 but who did not have SCD/SCT. After 1:1 propensity score matching (based on age, sex, and other preexisting comorbidities), patients with COVID-19 and SCD remained at a higher risk of hospitalization (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% CI, 1.5-2.7) and development of pneumonia (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6-3.4) and pain (RR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.5-4.8) compared with Black persons without SCD/SCT. The case fatality rates for those with SCD compared with Black persons without SCD/SCT were not significantly different. There also were no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes between individuals with SCT and Black persons without SCD/SCT within the matched cohorts.
Caloric and nutrient restriction to augment chemotherapy efficacy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the IDEAL trial
Authors: Orgel Etan , Framson Celia , Buxton Rubi , Kim Jiyoon , Li Gang , Tucci Jonathan , Freyer David R. , Sun Weili , Oberley Matthew J. , Dieli-Conwright Christina , Mittelman Steven D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Being overweight or obese (OW/OB) during B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) induction is associated with chemoresistance as quantified by minimal residual disease (MRD). We hypothesized that caloric and nutrient restriction from diet/exercise could lessen gains in fat mass (FM) and reduce postinduction MRD. The Improving Diet and Exercise in ALL (IDEAL) trial enrolled patients 10 to 21 years old, newly diagnosed with B-ALL (n = 40), in comparison with a recent historical control (n = 80). Designed to achieve caloric deficits ≥20% during induction, reduce fat intake/glycemic load, and increase activity, IDEAL’s end points were FM gain (primary), MRD ≥0.01%, and adherence/feasibility. Integrated biology explored biomarkers of OW/OB physiology. IDEAL intervention did not significantly reduce median FM change from baseline overall (+5.1% [interquartile range [IQR], 15.8] vs +10.7% [IQR, 16.0]; P = .13), but stratified analysis showed benefit in those OW/OB (+1.5% [IQR, 6.6] vs +9.7% [IQR, 11.1]; P = .02). After accounting for prognostic factors, IDEAL intervention significantly reduced MRD risk (odds ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.92; P = .02). The trial exceeded its adherence (≥75% of overall diet) and feasibility (≥80% completed visits) thresholds. Integrated biology found the IDEAL intervention increased circulating adiponectin and reduced insulin resistance. The IDEAL intervention was feasible, decreased fat gain in those OW/OB, and reduced MRD. This is the first study in any hematologic malignancy to demonstrate potential benefit from caloric restriction via diet/exercise to augment chemotherapy efficacy and improve disease response. A prospective, randomized trial is warranted for validation. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02708108 (IDEAL trial) and #NCT01317940 (historical control).
Advantages of imaging photoplethysmography for migraine modeling: new optical markers of trigemino‐vascular activation in rats
Authors: Sokolov Alexey Y. , Volynsky Maxim A. , Zaytsev Valery V. , Osipchuk Anastasiia V. , Kamshilin Alexei A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Existent animal models of migraine are not without drawbacks and limitations. The aim of our study was to evaluate imaging photoplethysmography (PPG) as a method of assessing intracranial blood flow in rats and its changes in response to electrical stimulation of dural trigeminal afferents.

Methods
Experiments were carried out with 32 anesthetized adult male Wistar rats. Trigeminovascular system (TVS) was activated by means of electrical stimulation of dural afferents through a closed cranial window (CCW). Parameters of meningeal blood flow were monitored using a PPG imaging system under green illumination with synchronous recording of an electrocardiogram (ECG) and systemic arterial blood pressure (ABP). Two indicators related to blood-flow parameters were assessed: intrinsic optical signals (OIS) and the amplitude of pulsatile component (APC) of the PPG waveform. Moreover, we carried out pharmacological validation of these indicators by determining their sensitivity to anti-migraine drugs: valproic acid and sumatriptan. For statistical analysis the non-parametric tests with post-hoc Bonferroni correction was used.

Results
Significant increase of both APC and OIS was observed due to CCW electrical stimulation. Compared to saline (n = 11), intravenous administration of both the sumatriptan (n = 11) and valproate (n = 10) by using a cumulative infusion regimen (three steps performed 30 min apart) lead to significant inhibitory effect on the APC response to the stimulation. In contrast, intravenous infusion of any substance or saline did not affect the OIS response to the stimulation. It was found that infusion of either sumatriptan or valproate did not affect the response of ABP or heart rate to the stimulation.

Conclusions
Imaging PPG can be used in an animal migraine model as a method for contactless assessment of intracranial blood flow. We have identified two new markers of TVS activation, one of which (APC) was pharmacologically confirmed to be associated with migraine. Monitoring of changes in APC caused by CCW electrical stimulation (controlling efficiency of stimulation by OIS) can be considered as a new way to assess the peripheral mechanism of action of anti-migraine interventions.
Fine mapping of two grain chalkiness QTLs sensitive to high temperature in rice
Authors: Yang Weifeng , Liang Jiayan , Hao Qingwen , Luan Xin , Tan Quanya , Lin Shiwan , Zhu Haitao , Liu Guifu , Liu Zupei , Bu Suhong , Wang Shaokui , Zhang Guiquan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Grain chalkiness is one of important factors affected rice grain quality. It is known that chalkiness is affected by the high temperature during the seed filling period. Although a larger of QTLs for chalkiness were reported across all 12 chromosomes, only a few of the QTLs were fine mapped or cloned up to now. Here, we fine map two QTLs for chalkiness in two single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs), 11–09 with substitution segment from O. sativa and HP67–11 with substitution segment from O. glaberrima.

Results
The grain chalkiness of SSSLs 11–09 and HP67–11 was significantly lower than that in the recipient Huajingxian 74 (HJX74) in consecutive 8 cropping seasons. The regression correlation analysis showed that percentage of chalky grain (PCG) and percentage of chalky area (PCA) were significantly and positively correlated with percentage of grain chalkiness (PGC). Two QTLs for grain chalkiness were located on two chromosomes by substitution mapping. qPGC9 was mapped on chromosome 9 with an estimated interval of 345.6 kb. qPGC11 was located on chromosome 11 and delimited to a 432.1 kb interval in the O. sativa genome and a 332.9 kb interval in the O. glaberrima genome. qPGC11 is a QTL for grain chalkiness from O. glaberrima and was mapped in a new region of chromosome 11. The effect of two QTLs was incomplete dominance. The additive effects of two QTLs on chalkiness in second cropping season (SCS) were significantly greater than that in first cropping season (FCS).

Conclusions
qPGC11 is a new QTL for grain chalkiness. The two QTLs were fine mapped. The donor alleles of qPGC9 and qPGC11 were sensitive to the high temperature of FCS.
IPCARF: improving lncRNA-disease association prediction using incremental principal component analysis feature selection and a random forest classifier
Authors: Zhu Rong , Wang Yong , Liu Jin-Xing , Dai Ling-Yun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Identifying lncRNA-disease associations not only helps to better comprehend the underlying mechanisms of various human diseases at the lncRNA level but also speeds up the identification of potential biomarkers for disease diagnoses, treatments, prognoses, and drug response predictions. However, as the amount of archived biological data continues to grow, it has become increasingly difficult to detect potential human lncRNA-disease associations from these enormous biological datasets using traditional biological experimental methods. Consequently, developing new and effective computational methods to predict potential human lncRNA diseases is essential.

Results
Using a combination of incremental principal component analysis (IPCA) and random forest (RF) algorithms and by integrating multiple similarity matrices, we propose a new algorithm (IPCARF) based on integrated machine learning technology for predicting lncRNA-disease associations. First, we used two different models to compute a semantic similarity matrix of diseases from a directed acyclic graph of diseases. Second, a characteristic vector for each lncRNA-disease pair is obtained by integrating disease similarity, lncRNA similarity, and Gaussian nuclear similarity. Then, the best feature subspace is obtained by applying IPCA to decrease the dimension of the original feature set. Finally, we train an RF model to predict potential lncRNA-disease associations. The experimental results show that the IPCARF algorithm effectively improves the AUC metric when predicting potential lncRNA-disease associations. Before the parameter optimization procedure, the AUC value predicted by the IPCARF algorithm under 10-fold cross-validation reached 0.8529; after selecting the optimal parameters using the grid search algorithm, the predicted AUC of the IPCARF algorithm reached 0.8611.

Conclusions
We compared IPCARF with the existing LRLSLDA, LRLSLDA-LNCSIM, TPGLDA, NPCMF, and ncPred prediction methods, which have shown excellent performance in predicting lncRNA-disease associations. The compared results of 10-fold cross-validation procedures show that the predictions of the IPCARF method are better than those of the other compared methods.
Effects of continuous cropping of sweet potatoes on the bacterial community structure in rhizospheric soil
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Hu Yaya , Han Meikun , Xu Junjie , Wang Xue , Liu Lanfu , Tang Zhonghou , Jiao Weijing , Jin Rong , Liu Ming , Guan Zhengjun , Ma Zhimin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Continuous cropping obstacles from sweet potatoes are widespread, which seriously reduce the yield and quality, causing certain economic losses. Bacteria of rhizospheric soil are the richest and are associated with obstacles to continuous cropping. However, few studies have examined how continuous sweet potato cropping affects the rhizospheric soil bacterial community structure.

Results
In the study, the Illumina MiSeq method was used to explore the variations in
rhizospheric soil bacterial community structure of different sweet potato varieties after continuous cropping, as well as the correlation between soil characteristics and the bacterial community. The results showed that (1) the dominant bacterial phyla in rhizospheric soils from both Xushu 18 and Yizi 138 were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The most dominant genus was Subgroup 6_norank. The relative abundance of rhizospheric soil bacteria varied significantly between the two sweet potato varieties. (2) The richness and diversity indexes of bacteria were higher in Xushu 18 rhizospheric soil than in Yizi 138 soil after continuous cropping. Moreover, beneficial Lysobacter and Bacillus were more prevalent in Xushu 18, while Yizi 138 contained more harmful Gemmatimonadetes. (3) Soil pH decreased after continuous cropping, and redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH was significantly correlated with the bacterial community. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated that pH was positively associated with Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria, but negatively associated with Actinobacteria and Firmicutes.

Conclusions
After continuous cropping, the bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties of sweet potato rhizospheric soil were changed, and the changes from different sweet potato varieties were different. The contents of Lysobacter and Bacillus were higher in the sweet potato variety resistant to continuous cropping. It provides a basis for developing new microbial fertilizers for sweet potatoes to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle.
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma mimicking submucosal tumour
Authors: Wang Wen , Li Dazhou , Zheng Linfu , Zhan Hongli 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Oesophageal submucosal tumours are usually benign. We report a rare case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a submucosal tumour.

Case presentation
A 58-year-old man undergoing screening oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy was found to have a smooth-surfaced 0.6-cm sized submucosal tumour in the oesophagus 30 cm from the incisor. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed the tumour to be located in the muscularis mucosa; the lesion was heterogeneously hypoechoic and had a clear boundary. With a provisional diagnosis of leiomyoma, the tumour was removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Pathological examination showed it to be a moderately differentiated infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma, with normal overlying squamous epithelium. Immunohistochemistry indicated that it was caused by malignant transformation in mucosal glandular duct epithelium. Positron emission tomography–computer tomography showed no tumour spread to any other site. The patient was treated by oesophageal resection.

Conclusion
The clinician should be aware that oesophageal submucosal tumours with smooth overlying mucosa may not always be benign; malignancy must be ruled out.
Development and testing of the Geriatric Care Assessment Practices (G-CAP) survey
Authors: Giosa Justine L. , Stolee Paul , Holyoke Paul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
While the Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC) tool was designed to support comprehensive geriatric assessment in home care, it is more often used for service allocation and little is known about how point-of-care providers collect the information they need to plan and provide care. The purpose of this pilot study was to develop and test a survey to explore the geriatric care assessment practices of nurses, occupational therapists (OTs) and physiotherapists (PTs) in home care.

Methods
Literature review and expert consultation informed the development of the Geriatric Care Assessment Practices (G-CAP) survey—a 33 question, online, self-report tool exploring assessment and information-sharing methods, attitudes, knowledge, experience and demographic information. The survey was pilot tested at a single home care agency in Ontario, Canada (N = 27). Test-retest reliability (N = 20) and construct validity were explored.

Results
The subscales of the G-CAP survey showed fair to good test-retest reliability within a population of interdisciplinary home care providers [ICC2 (A,1) (M ICC = 0.58) for continuous items; weighted kappa (M kappa = 0.63) for categorical items]. Statistically significant differences between OT, PT and nurse responses [M t = 3.0; M p = 0.01] and moderate correlations between predicted related items [M r = |0.39|] provide preliminary support for our hypotheses around survey construct validity in this population. Pilot participants indicated that they use their clinical judgment far more often than standardized assessment tools. Client input was indicated to be the most important source of information for goal-setting. Most pilot participants had heard of the RAI-HC; however, few used it. Pilot participants agreed they could use assessment information from others but also said they must conduct their own assessments and only sometimes share and rarely receive information from other providers.

Conclusions
The G-CAP survey shows promise as a measure of the geriatric care assessment practices of interdisciplinary home care providers. Findings from the survey have the potential to inform improvements to integrated care planning. Next steps include making adaptations to the G-CAP survey to further improve the reliability and validity of the tool and a broad administration of the survey in Ontario home care.