bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic features of B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with TCF3‐PBX1
Authors: Shirai Ryota , Osumi Tomoo , Sato‐Otsubo Aiko , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Mori Takeshi , Yoshida Masanori , Yoshida Kaoru , Kohri Mika , Ishihara Takashi , Yasue Shiho , Imamura Toshihiko , Endo Mikiya , Miyamoto Satoshi , Ohki Kentaro , Sanada Masashi , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Ogawa Seishi , Yoshioka Takako , Hata Kenichiro , Takagi Masatoshi , Kato Motohiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are categorized as the same entity under precursor lymphoid neoplasms in the World Health Organization classification. However, compared to B‐cell ALL, the molecular genetic makeup of B‐cell LBL remains to be understood, mainly due to its rarity. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on seven patients with TCF3‐PBX1‐positive B‐cell LBL.MethodsWES was performed using DNA extracted from tumor specimens and paired blood samples at remission for six patients, and tumor‐only analysis was performed for one patient whose remission sample was not available. For one patient, a relapsed sample was also analyzed.ResultsKMT2D variants and 6q LOH were found as recurrent alterations. Somatic variants of KMT2D were identified in three of the seven patients. Of note, the two patients with heterozygous nonsense variant of KMT2D were at stage III, without bone marrow infiltration. 6q LOH was also identified in two others, out of the seven patients. The common 6q deleted region of the two patients ranged from 6q12 to 6q16.3. Both patients had bone marrow infiltration. Analysis of recurrent case also revealed that the relapsed clone might be derived from a minor clone of the bone marrow at diagnosis.ConclusionIn this study, through WES for seven patients with TCF3‐PBX1‐positive B‐LBL, we identified KMT2D mutations and 6q LOH as recurrent alterations. In order to elucidate the relationship between these recurrent alterations and disease specificity or outcomes, further studies comparing with TCF3‐PBX1‐positive B‐ALL are required.
An improved efficient class of estimators for the population variance
Authors: Niaz Iqra , Sanaullah Aamir , Saleem Iram , Shabbir Javid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose an improved class of estimators for a finite population variance in presence of the auxiliary information. The expressions of the bias and mean squared error of the proposed class of estimators are obtained up to the first order of approximation. The conditions under which the proposed class of estimators is more efficient than the other estimators have also been derived. It is observed from the simulation results that the proposed class of estimators is more efficient than the usual linear regression estimator.
Expressed emotion and long‐term outcome among adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Rienecke Renee D. , Gorrell Sasha , Blalock Dan V. , Smith Kathryn , Lock James , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the current study is to examine expressed emotion (EE) and long‐term treatment outcome among adolescents participating in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) for treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). It was hypothesized that patients with high EE parents at baseline would show more severe symptoms at end‐of‐treatment, 12‐month follow‐up, and 4‐year follow‐up than patients from low EE families.MethodSecondary data analysis was conducted of original RCT data from a two‐site eating disorder treatment trial conducted in the United States. Participants were 121 adolescents with AN who completed measures of EE, eating disorder psychopathology, depression, and self‐esteem.ResultsGeneralized estimating equations showed that participants who were in the Low EE group achieved a more accelerated drop in depression scores in the context of treatment (first 12 months) than participants in the High EE group. No other significant Group × Time interactions were found.DiscussionFindings suggest that high parental EE at baseline does not indicate that adolescent patients with AN will fare poorly 4 years later.
Depth diversity gradients of macrophytes: Shape, drivers, and recent shifts
Authors: Lewerentz Anne , Hoffmann Markus , Sarmento Cabral Juliano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInvestigating diversity gradients helps to understand biodiversity drivers and threats. However, one diversity gradient is rarely assessed, namely how plant species distribute along the depth gradient of lakes. Here, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of depth diversity gradient (DDG) of alpha, beta, and gamma species richness of submerged macrophytes across multiple lakes. We characterize the DDG for additive richness components (alpha, beta, gamma), assess environmental drivers, and address temporal change over recent years. We take advantage of yet the largest dataset of macrophyte occurrence along lake depth (274 depth transects across 28 deep lakes) as well as of physiochemical measurements (12 deep lakes from 2006 to 2017 across Bavaria), provided publicly online by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment. We found a high variability in DDG shapes across the study lakes. The DDGs for alpha and gamma richness are predominantly hump‐shaped, while beta richness shows a decreasing DDG. Generalized additive mixed‐effect models indicate that the depth of the maximum richness (Dmax) is influenced by light quality, light quantity, and layering depth, whereas the respective maximum alpha richness within the depth gradient (Rmax) is significantly influenced by lake area only. Most observed DDGs seem generally stable over recent years. However, for single lakes we found significant linear trends for Rmax and Dmax going into different directions. The observed hump‐shaped DDGs agree with three competing hypotheses: the mid‐domain effect, the mean–disturbance hypothesis, and the mean–productivity hypothesis. The DDG amplitude seems driven by lake area (thus following known species–area relationships), whereas skewness depends on physiochemical factors, mainly water transparency and layering depth. Our results provide insights for conservation strategies and for mechanistic frameworks to disentangle competing explanatory hypotheses for the DDG.
No escape: The influence of substrate sodium on plant growth and tissue sodium responses
Authors: Santiago‐Rosario Luis Y. , Harms Kyle E. , Elderd Bret D. , Hart Pamela B. , Dassanayake Maheshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

As an essential micronutrient for many organisms, sodium plays an important role in ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Although plants mediate trophic fluxes of sodium, from substrates to higher trophic levels, relatively little comparative research has been published about plant growth and sodium accumulation in response to variation in substrate sodium. Accordingly, we carried out a systematic review of plants' responses to variation in substrate sodium concentrations.

We compared biomass and tissue‐sodium accumulation among 107 cultivars or populations (67 species in 20 plant families), broadly expanding beyond the agricultural and model taxa for which several generalizations previously had been made. We hypothesized a priori response models for each population's growth and sodium accumulation as a function of increasing substrate NaCl and used Bayesian Information Criterion to choose the best model. Additionally, using a phylogenetic signal analysis, we tested for phylogenetic patterning of responses across taxa.

The influence of substrate sodium on growth differed across taxa, with most populations experiencing detrimental effects at high concentrations. Irrespective of growth responses, tissue sodium concentrations for most taxa increased as sodium concentration in the substrate increased. We found no strong associations between the type of growth response and the type of sodium accumulation response across taxa. Although experiments often fail to test plants across a sufficiently broad range of substrate salinities, non‐crop species tended toward higher sodium tolerance than domesticated species. Moreover, some phylogenetic conservatism was apparent, in that evolutionary history helped predict the distribution of total‐plant growth responses across the phylogeny, but not sodium accumulation responses.

Our study reveals that saltier plants in saltier soils proves to be a broadly general pattern for sodium across plant taxa. Regardless of growth responses, sodium accumulation mostly followed an increasing trend as substrate sodium levels increased.
Renoprotection by long‐term low‐dose tolvaptan in patients with heart failure and hyponatremia
Authors: Oka Tatsufumi , Hamano Takayuki , Ohtani Tomohito , Doi Yohei , Shimada Karin , Matsumoto Ayumi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Hashimoto Nobuhiro , Senda Masamitsu , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Matsui Isao , Nakamoto Kei , Sera Fusako , Hikoso Shungo , Sakata Yasushi , Isaka Yoshitaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsIn previous randomized controlled trials, the use of tolvaptan (TLV) at a fixed dose of 30 mg/day for 1 year did not provide renal benefits in patients with heart failure (HF). This retrospective, cohort study examined the renoprotective effects of long‐term, flexible‐dose, and lower‐dose TLV use.Methods and resultsTolvaptan users were defined as patients receiving TLV for at least 180 consecutive days or those who continued it until death, any cardiac events, or renal replacement therapy even if it was taken for <180 days. Of a total of 584 HF patients, 78 TLV users were identified. The median age, baseline B‐type natriuretic peptide, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were 71 years, 243 pg/mL, and 54 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. During follow‐up (median, 461 days), TLV use (median average dose, 7.5 mg/day) was associated with frequent dose reductions of loop diuretics (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–2.2), particularly in patients with serum sodium ≤135 mEq/L (IRR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5–5.7) (Pinteraction = 0.04). In a mixed effects model, propensity score (PS)‐matched TLV users had higher eGFRs over time than PS‐matched never‐users (P < 0.01). The entire cohort analyses (N = 584) yielded similar results. The renal benefit of TLV in terms of annualized eGFR slope was more pronounced in patients with lower sodium levels (Pinteraction = 0.03). This effect modification was extinguished when patients who underwent a loop diuretic dose reduction during the follow‐up period were excluded from the analysis.ConclusionsLong‐term, flexible‐dose, and low‐dose TLV use was associated with better renal function, particularly in hyponatremic HF, possibly due to its loop diuretic dose‐sparing effect in the long term.
Variability in estimated glomerular filtration rate and patients' outcomes in a real‐world heart failure population
Authors: Oka Tatsufumi , Hamano Takayuki , Ohtani Tomohito , Tanaka Akihiro , Doi Yohei , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Senda Masamitsu , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Matsui Isao , Nakamoto Kei , Sera Fusako , Hikoso Shungo , Nishino Masami , Sakata Yasushi , Isaka Yoshitaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThe prognostic significance of renal function variability has not been fully elucidated in heart failure (HF). This multicentre, prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of visit‐to‐visit variability in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for predicting patients' outcomes in a real‐world HF population.MethodsA total of 564 patients who had survived HF hospitalization were randomly assigned with a 2:1 ratio to derivation and validation cohorts, and they were then followed after discharge. Using the data for 6 months after discharge, each patient's visit‐to‐visit eGFR variability (EGV) was estimated. In the derivation cohort, Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the association of EGV with a subsequent composite event (death and HF hospitalization). In the validation cohort, the predictive performance was compared among Cox regression models with EGV, those with B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and those with eGFR.ResultsIn the derivation cohort (376 patients), median age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), BNP and eGFR at discharge were 72 years, 53.3%, 134.8 pg/mL and 58.7 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. During a median follow‐up of 2.2 years, higher EGV was associated with an increased risk of the composite event (adjusted hazard ratio [per standard deviation increase in log‐transformed EGV], 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.0). A similar finding was observed in a stratified analysis by LVEF. In the validation cohort (188 patients), better model fit, discrimination, reclassification and calibration were observed for EGV than for 6‐month averaged BNP or eGFR for predicting the composite event when added to HF risk prediction models. Adding EGV to models with BNP or eGFR improved model discrimination and reclassification.ConclusionsEGV predicts HF outcomes regardless of LVEF. Risk prediction models with EGV have good performance in real‐world HF patients. The study findings highlight the clinical importance of observing visit‐to‐visit fluctuations in renal function in this population.
Solvent‐Dependent Spin‐Crossover Behavior in Semiconducting Co–Crystals of [Fe(1‐bpp)2]2+ Cations and TCNQδ− Anions (0<δ<1)
Authors: Üngör Ökten , Choi Eun Sang , Shatruk Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCo‐crystallization of the spin‐crossover (SCO) cationic complex, [Fe(1‐bpp)2]2+ (1‐bpp=2,6‐bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine) with fractionally charged organic anion TCNQδ− (0<δ<1) afforded hybrid materials [Fe(1‐bpp)2](TCNQ)3.5 ⋅ 3.5MeCN (1) and [Fe(1‐bpp)2](TCNQ)4 ⋅ 4DCE (2), where TCNQ=7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane, MeCN=acetonitrile, and DCE=1,2‐dichloroethane. Both materials exhibit semiconducting behavior, with the room‐temperature conductivity values of 1.1×10−4 S/cm and 1.7×10−3 S/cm, respectively. The magnetic behavior of both complexes exhibits strong dependence on the content of the interstitial solvent. Complex 1 undergoes a gradual temperature‐driven SCO, with the midpoint temperature of T1/2=234 K. The partial solvent loss by 1 leads to the increase in the T1/2 value while complete desolvation renders the material high‐spin (HS) in the entire studied temperature range. In the case of 2, the solvated complex shows a gradual SCO with T1/2=166 K only when covered with a mother liquid, while the facile loss of interstitial solvent, even at room temperature, leads to the HS‐only behavior.
The role of efflux transporters and metabolizing enzymes in brain and peripheral organs to explain drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Vázquez Marta , Fagiolino Pietro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDrug‐resistant epilepsy has been explained by different mechanisms. The most accepted one involves overexpression of multidrug transporters proteins at the blood brain barrier and brain metabolizing enzymes. This hypothesis is one of the main pharmacokinetic reasons that lead to the lack of response of some antiseizure drug substrates of these transporters and enzymes due to their limited entrance into the brain and limited stay at the sites of actions. Although uncontrolled seizures can be the cause of the overexpression, some antiseizure medications themselves can cause such overexpression leading to treatment failure and thus refractoriness. However, it has to be taken into account that the inductive effect of some drugs such as carbamazepine or phenytoin not only impacts on the brain but also on the rest of the body with different intensity, influencing the amount of drug available for the central nervous system. Such induction is not only local drug concentration but also time dependent. In the case of valproic acid, the deficient disposition of ammonia due to a malfunction of the urea cycle, which would have its origin in an intrinsic deficiency of L‐carnitine levels in the patient or by its depletion caused by the action of this antiseizure drug, could lead to drug‐resistant epilepsy. Many efforts have been made to change this situation. In order to name some, the administration of once‐daily dosing of phenytoin or the coadministration of carnitine with valproic acid would be preferable to avoid iatrogenic refractoriness. Another could be the use of an adjuvant drug that down‐regulates the expression of transporters. In this case, the use of cannabidiol with antiseizure properties itself and able to diminish the overexpression of these transporters in the brain could be a novel therapy in order to allow penetration of other antiseizure medications into the brain.
A probabilistic strong floor motion duration model for seismic performance assessment of non‐structural building elements
Authors: Rodriguez Derek , Perrone Daniele , Filiatrault Andre , Brunesi Emanuele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNon‐structural elements (NSEs) are not designed to be part of the structural load‐bearing system of a building but are subjected to the same dynamic environment as the supporting structure during an earthquake. Non‐structural damage and ensuing losses have exceeded structural damage and losses in many buildings during recent earthquakes that have occurred in urban regions around the world. Damage to NSEs is strongly influenced by the amplitude, the frequency content and the duration of floor motions. Although the effects of amplitude and frequency content of floor motions are well captured by floor response spectra, little attention has been given on the characterisation of floor motion duration and how it can impact damage to NSEs, particularly for those responding in the inelastic range. To contribute to a better understanding of these issues, this paper develops a probabilistic strong floor motion duration model through multiple stripes non‐linear time‐history analyses of a population of 100 code‐compliant reinforced concrete frame building models designed for a medium‐to‐high seismicity site in Italy. The resulting probabilistic model can be used when selecting historical or generating synthetic floor motions for the seismic response assessment of NSEs or when generating shake‐table test records for the seismic qualification of NSEs.
Concepts with consequences in geomorphology: A fluvial perspective
Authors: Lewin John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImagined concepts – made real by down‐to‐earth field verification, validated modelling, and using available technologies and empirical methods – are fundamental to research outcomes in geomorphology. This article reviews the functions that consequential concepts have served: as overall driving and embracing stimuli, or playing permissive roles at lower levels within projects; when they have come to the fore and declined in usage; how knowledge of them gets spread and tested; and where needs seem to be driving for the future. Within fluvial geomorphology there is demonstrably a multiplicity of conceptual approaches. Modern times also now involve greater external appraisal including financial and management control and research and teaching quality assessments. These are taking place in parallel with novel environmental changes that themselves pose new needs for hazard understandings and safeguarding. Challenges to address for practical reasons include forecasting the likely future geomorphic effects of climate change, tracking system impacts from the spread of human hardware across landscapes, and monitoring pollutant incursions into fluvial systems. Nevertheless, conceptual progress in understanding is also fundamentally dependent on advancing ‘blue skies’ research objectives. In a changing world, geomorphology has to pursue holistic goals and the multi‐temporal and multi‐scale spatial appreciation of landform development, and how this relates to other changing global systems, but also to grow what it conceives of doing for the public good.
Updating the dual‐mechanism model for cross‐sensory attentional spreading: The influence of space‐based visual selective attention
Authors: Zhao Song , Li Yang , Wang Chongzhi , Feng Chengzhi , Feng Wenfeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSelective attention to visual stimuli can spread cross‐modally to task‐irrelevant auditory stimuli through either the stimulus‐driven binding mechanism or the representation‐driven priming mechanism. The stimulus‐driven attentional spreading occurs whenever a task‐irrelevant sound is delivered simultaneously with a spatially attended visual stimulus, whereas the representation‐driven attentional spreading occurs only when the object representation of the sound is congruent with that of the to‐be‐attended visual object. The current study recorded event‐related potentials in a space‐selective visual object‐recognition task to examine the exact roles of space‐based visual selective attention in both the stimulus‐driven and representation‐driven cross‐modal attentional spreading, which remain controversial in the literature. Our results yielded that the representation‐driven auditory Nd component (200–400 ms after sound onset) did not differ according to whether the peripheral visual representations of audiovisual target objects were spatially attended or not, but was decreased when the auditory representations of target objects were presented alone. In contrast, the stimulus‐driven auditory Nd component (200–300 ms) was decreased but still prominent when the peripheral visual constituents of audiovisual nontarget objects were spatially unattended. These findings demonstrate not only that the representation‐driven attentional spreading is independent of space‐based visual selective attention and benefits in an all‐or‐nothing manner from object‐based visual selection for actually presented visual representations of target objects, but also that although the stimulus‐driven attentional spreading is modulated by space‐based visual selective attention, attending to visual modality per se is more likely to be the endogenous determinant of the stimulus‐driven attentional spreading.
Efficiency of district hospitals in Zimbabwe: Assessment, drivers and policy implications
Authors: Guillon Marlène , Audibert Martine , Mathonnat Jacky 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Government of Zimbabwe is committed to making progress towards universal health coverage. Unmet health needs are huge and the health system suffers from serious dysfunctions and weaknesses. The situation is further complicated by a weak governance. To address these challenging issues, many of which would require an increase in public health expenditures, the government faces severe macroeconomic constraints. In this context, improving the efficiency of public health expenditures is of paramount importance. This study focuses on the efficiency of district hospitals, whose role is crucial for the strengthening of the health care system and achieving significant results in implementing the universal health coverage. Based on a sample of 31 district hospitals observed from 2015 to 2017 we use the double bootstrap procedure developed by Simar and Wilson to (a) estimate bias‐adjusted DEA efficiency scores and to (b) investigate the factors associated with the previously calculated scores using truncated regression. The average efficiency of district hospitals is low and stagnant over 2015–2017. The findings suggest the existence of a significant room for maneuver to get more results with the resources spent. The analysis of the efficiency drivers shows the importance of both supply and demand‐side factors, leading to several policy‐oriented considerations. The study also highlights important shortcomings in the routine collection of basic data that need to be addressed by the Ministry of Health and Child Care.