bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remnants of Colonialist Ideology in Patagonian Tourism Representations and How Collaborative Heritage Tourism Can become Inclusive Heritage
Authors: Berg Kimberly 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the way in which colonial discourse is engaged and represented throughout the Argentinian Patagonian tourism industry and accompanying cultural heritage sites, as a resource from which local cultural communities gain political and social capital. Patagonian history is often associated with the presence of three distinct groups—the early Spanish colonial settlers, the indigenous groups, and the more contemporary Welsh diaspora. However, only the Welsh have been able to capitalize on this history. Regional history now commemorates and values Welsh presence over both predecessor groups. Despite this unequal valuing, however, Welsh heritage could conceivably be positioned as a tool for collaboration with that of indigenous heritage, in order to elevate this marginalized ethnic minority, and create a more inclusive heritage tourism destination. This paper explores the multiple cultural histories of the Patagonian landscape, through the lens of heritage representation, to argue how and why Welsh heritage is privileged, compared to its Patagonian counterparts, and the potential implications of the positioning of Welsh heritage for the Patagonian heritage industry more broadly.
The Intellectualization of Chicago&s Culture: An Ethnographic Analysis of the Chicago Cultural Center
Authors: Walters Noah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Chicago Cultural Center (CCC), centrally-located on Randolph and Michigan, aims to represent the diverse population of Chicago. Each year, the Center draws thousands of tourists and locals, eager to see the famous Preston Bradley Tiffany Dome or one of the many constantly-rotating exhibits provided by the Chicago Architectural Foundation. Functionally, the Center is open every day with long hours and free admission, seemingly enticing all to enter. Rather contrary to the ethnic diversity of Chicago, however, the CCC, although it is staffed by a wide range of minorities, caters mostly to upper-middle class whites. This ethnographic analysis utilizes interviews and anthropological tourism literature to explain the intellectualization of this Chicago landmark.
Differences in victim experiences by gender/sexual minority statuses in Japanese virtual communities
Authors: Yokotani Kenji , Takano Masanori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study clarified the advantages of virtual communities on non‐victim experiences among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA) individuals in Japan. A total of 3504 Pigg Party users, including 1390 LGBTQIA individuals, reported their experiences of victimization, perceived emotional support, and concealment of their gender/sexual identity in both physical and virtual communities. Japanese individuals with multiple minority statuses had more victim experiences than those with a single or without minority status. Furthermore, differences in victim experiences by gender/sexual minority status were lower in the virtual community than in physical communities. Similar tendencies were also confirmed on perceived emotional support and concealment. Virtual communities provided a more bias‐free social resource to Japanese LGBTQIA individuals than physical communities.
Enhanced separation of chlorogenic and gallic acids extracted from spent coffee grounds using a three‐zone simulated moving bed process with partial feed and partial collection strategies
Authors: Tangpromphan Preuk , Nakkong Khwanchanok , Jaree Attasak 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpent coffee grounds, a valuable source of phenolic compounds, are considered beneficial for human health because of their antioxidative properties. The liquid extract containing phenolic compounds (such as chlorogenic and gallic acids) can be obtained via extraction using environmentally friendly organic solvent. The separation of chlorogenic and gallic acids from the liquid extract was carried out using isocratic chromatography technique in a three‐zone simulated moving bed (SMB). However, due to the low selectivity of separation, the productivity of three‐zone SMB was sacrificed to meet the purity criteria. Hence this work aimed to enhance the productivity of three‐zone SMB for the separation of chlorogenic and gallic acids via model simulation using partial feed operation and to improve the concentration of extract and raffinate products using partial collection strategy.RESULTSThe full feed scenario was designed based on the triangle theory, and the partial feed patterns (initial feed, middle feed and late feed) were implemented for each operating point in the triangle diagram to investigate the possibility of increasing the feed flow rate. The maximum productivity was evaluated based on the purity criteria (≥98%) for both extract and raffinate products. Under optimal conditions, productivity was doubled to 0.24 mg min−1 L−1 for both middle feed and late feed patterns compared to that of the full feed scenario. The partial collection strategy applied to the optimal point for each operational mode significantly increased the raffinate concentration to approximately 0.02 g L−1 at the optimal time fraction for discarding the solvent.CONCLUSIONThis work could be a foundation for the valorization of spent coffee ground. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Characterization of bio‐fabricated silver nanoparticles for distinct anti‐fungal activity against sugarcane phytopathogens
Authors: Amna  , Mahmood Tariq , Khan Umar Nawaz , Amin Babar , Javed Muhammad Tariq , Mehmood Shehzad , Farooq Muhammad Asad , Sultan Tariq , Munis Muhammad Farooq Hussain , Chaudhary Hassan Javed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdvanced research, development, and application of silver nanoparticles is proceeding in recent times due to their incredible utilization in various fields. Present study was focused on the production, characterization, and antifungal activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). An environment friendly extracellular biosynthetic approach was adopted to produce the AgNPs by using bacteria, fungi, and sugarcane husk. Agents used for reduction of silver to nanoparticles were taken from culture filtrate of plant growth promoting bacteria, Fusarium oxysporum and supernatant extract of sugarcane husk. Nanoparticles were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Synthesis of colloidal AgNPs was observed by UV–Visible diffused reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). Primary peak of surface plasmon resonance band was noticed around 339.782, 336.735, and 338.258 nm for bacterial, fungal, and sugarcane husk produced AgNPs. Structure of all biologically produced nanoparticles were crystalline cubic with nano size of 45.41, 49.06, and 42.75 nm for bacterial, fungal, and sugarcane husk‐based nanoparticles, respectively as calculated by Debye–Scherrer equation using XRD. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of various compounds that aid in the reduction, capping, and stability of AgNPs. The antifungal activity of AgNPs was also investigated for sugarcane fungal pathogens Colletotricum falcatum and Fusarium moniliforme. All nanoparticles exhibit prominent antifungal activities. Maximum zone of fungal inhibition was noticed about 18, 19, and 21 mm for C. falcatum while 21, 20, and 24 mm for F. moniliforme in case of bacterial, fungal, and plant‐based nanoparticles (15 ppm), respectively. Best fungal inhibition was observed under application of sugarcane husk based AgNPs. Moreover, biologically produced AgNPs responded better towards the suppression of F. moniliforme in comparison to C. falcatum. Mentioned sources in present study can be ecofriendly nano‐factories for biosynthesis of AgNPs and mankind should benefit from their commercial application.
Description of the chondrocranium of the silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis with comments on the cranial terminology and phylogenetic implications in carcharhinids (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes, Carcharhinidae)
Authors: de Oliveira Lana Fernanda , Soares Karla D. A. , Hazin Fábio Hissa Vieira , Gomes Ulisses Leite 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe definition and scope of the genus Carcharhinus has undergone several changes over the years and recent molecular studies have questioned its monophyly by the inclusion of other carcharhinid genera. Although many descriptions of chondrocranium are available for Carcharhinus species, some inconsistences and divergences are found in the literature, mainly regarding the foramina of the orbital region. In this study, the chondrocranium of the silky shark, Carcharhinus falciformis, from specimens caught at the Brazilian coast and the terminology of its components is revised has been described. Chondrocrania of other Carcharhinus species and carcharhinid genera are also examined in order to investigate the phylogenetic significance of chondrocranial morphology. Three new anatomical terms and nine chondrocrania characters are proposed and described in detail. The chondrocranial morphology varies widely among Carcharhinus species mainly regarding the rostrum and nasal capsules. The chondrocrania of Prionace, Nasolamia, and Negaprion are similar to Carcharhinus species and reveal the need to further explore the relationships among these genera. Characters potentially informative for systematics are the shape of rostral node, the preorbital process, and the subethmoidal fossa, and the occurrence of an epiphyseal notch and foramen, and must be included in phylogenetic studies encompassing other carcharhiniforms.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the diagnosis and management of acute colonic diverticulitis: a review of current and future use
Authors: Jerjen Franziska , Zaidi Tooba , Chan Shannon , Sharma Ajay , Mudliar Reuel , Soomro Khadija , Jimenez Yobelli , Reed Warren 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiverticular disease is one of the most common causes of outpatient visits and hospitalisations across Australia, North America and Europe. According to the Gastroenterological Society of Australia (GESA, 2010), approximately 33% of Australians over 45 years of age and 66% over 85 years of age have some form of colonic diverticulosis. Patients with colonic diverticulosis are known to develop subsequent complications such as acute colonic diverticulitis (ACD), and when more than one attack of diverticulitis occurs, there is a 70‐90% chance that the individual will experience ongoing problems and recurring infections throughout their lifetime. Medical imaging is fundamental in the diagnosis, treatment and ongoing management of ACD and its complications, with Computed Tomography (CT) identified as the prevailing gold standard in the last few decades. Cross‐database searching highlighted a large gap in the literature regarding the effectiveness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a non‐ionising radiation alternative imaging tool for ACD imaging after the mid‐2000s, despite ongoing technological advancements in this modality. This narrative review identified 13 key publications (11 primary prospective cohort studies, 1 systematic review and 1 meta‐analysis) that evaluate MRI for ACD imaging, of which five were published within the last decade. Several existing MRI protocols are deemed suitable for ACD imaging, and it is recommended they be re‐evaluated in larger cohorts. Future studies should consider the rapidly growing technological improvements of MRI, its cost efficiency and its applicability in modern day healthcare settings when addressing ACD management. This is especially important considering the gradual rise in radiation dose among the Australian population attributable to increased CT referrals, alongside increased reporting of ACD cases in younger individuals.
Resilience, pain, and the brain: Relationships differ by sociodemographics
Authors: Tanner Jared J. , Johnson Alisa J. , Terry Ellen L. , Cardoso Josue , Garvan Cynthia , Staud Roland , Deutsch Georg , Deshpande Hrishikesh , Lai Song , Addison Adriana , Redden David , Goodin Burel R. , Price Catherine C. , Fillingim Roger B. , Sibille Kimberly T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is disabling to individuals and burdensome to society. A relationship between telomere length and resilience was reported in individuals with consideration for chronic pain intensity. While chronic pain associates with brain changes, little is known regarding the neurobiological interface of resilience. In a group of individuals with chronic MSK pain, we examined the relationships between a previously investigated resilience index, clinical pain and functioning measures, and pain‐related brain structures, with consideration for sex and ethnicity/race. A cross‐sectional analysis of 166 non‐Hispanic Black and non‐Hispanic White adults, 45–85 years of age with pain ≥ 1 body site (s) over the past 3 months was completed. Measures of clinical pain and functioning, biobehavioral and psychosocial resilience, and structural MRI were completed. Our findings indicate higher levels of resilience associate with lower levels of clinical pain and functional limitations. Significant associations between resilience, ethnicity/race, and/or sex, and pain‐related brain gray matter structure were demonstrated in the right amygdaloid complex, bilateral thalamus, and postcentral gyrus. Our findings provide compelling evidence that in order to decipher the neurobiological code of chronic pain and related protective factors, it will be important to improve how chronic pain is phenotyped; to include an equal representation of females in studies including analyses stratifying by sex, and to consider other sociodemographic factors.
Long‐term trend and variability of surface humidity from 1973 to 2018 in South Korea
Authors: Shin Ju‐Young , Kim Kyu Rang , Kim Jinwon , Kim Seungbum 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWater vapour is among the most critical variables that shape the Earth's energy balance and hydrologic cycle. Surface relative humidity (RH) and specific humidity (SH) are the main measures of atmospheric moisture. Long‐term changes in these variables in South Korea vary regionally as well as locally, but have not been explored using long‐term observation data. This study analyzes the annual trends of the means and SD of RH, surface air temperature, and SH in South Korea at 55 stations for the period 1973–2018. Three trend detection tests based on the Mann–Kendall test have been performed to detect trends at the 5% significance level for the annual and monthly statistics (means and SD) of these variables. Significant decreasing and increasing trends have been detected in the annual means of RH and air temperature, while the annual mean of SH has remained nearly constant. Overall, the surface air in South Korea has become drier over the study period, particularly in winter. The trend in RH and SH varies widely according to months to result in the increase in the SD over the annual cycle. The monthly SD of RH, SH, and surface air temperature show especially large positive trends for March and September, when the transition from winter to spring and summer to fall, respectively, occurs.
Lactobacillus plantarum and molasses alter dynamic chemical composition, microbial community, and aerobic stability of mixed (amaranth and rice straw) silage
Authors: Mu L , Xie Z , Hu L , Chen G , Zhang Z 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective was to determine how molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum affect chemical composition, fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and the microbial community of an ensiled mixture of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriaus, AF) and rice straw. Treatments were control (C, no addition), L. plantarum (L; 2 × 105 cfu g−1 fresh weight), molasses (M; 40 g kg−1 fresh matter), and their combination (LM). All treatments were ensiled for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 30 days.RESULTSAll additives improved fermentation quality with greater lactic acid (LA), acetic acid, and lower pH than C silage over the ensiling period. The LM silage combination optimized fermentability, manifested as greater LA contents and a more rapid pH reduction during the first 7 days of ensiling than L or M silages. After 30 days of ensiling, inoculant L. plantarum increased Lactobacillus abundance and reduced bacterial diversity and Enterobacteriaceae abundance compared with silage treated with molasses. Molasses addition reduced the relative concentration of structural carbohydrates (neutral and acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose) after 30 days of ensiling. Finally, there was spoilage after 2 days and 4 days of aerobic exposure in C and LM silages respectively, whereas L silage had not spoiled after 4 days.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the combination of L. plantarum and molasses further optimized fermentation characteristics, L silage had better aerobic stability. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Determination of aquacultured whiteleg shrimp (Litopanaeus vannemei) quality using a sensory method with chemical standard references
Authors: Fan Ying , Odabasi Asli , Sims Charles A , Schneider Keith R , Gao Zhifeng , Sarnoski Paul J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFresh shrimp are highly perishable seafood and a reliable spoilage assessment method is necessary to ensure sufficient quality control. The current quality evaluation method employed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) uses subjective terms ‘odor of decomposition’ to reject shrimp shipments, which lacks reference standards to anchor the concept and can cause ambiguity. The present study aimed to develop chemical reference standards to assist in a more objective and consistent sensory evaluation of shrimp quality.RESULTSChemical references were developed and used by the descriptive panel to demonstrate the aroma quality indicators of shrimp. The most important aroma attributes describing shrimp quality changes were ‘salty water‐like’, ‘natto water‐like’ and ‘sour milk‐like’ based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis. The overall rating consistency of the key quality indicators was confirmed by trained a descriptive panel such that the intensity scores in two separated evaluation sessions (30 days apart) were not significant different (P > 0.05). The sensory ratings also corresponded well with presumed FDA/NOAA grades of shrimp. An untrained panel also confirmed ‘salty water‐like’ as the main indicator of freshness and ‘natto water‐like’ as the main indicator of spoilage, whereas the discriminative capacity was lower compared to the trained panel.CONCLUSIONThe developed chemical references of key aroma quality indicators allowed the trained and untrained panels to distinguish shrimp of different freshness levels. The results indicate the potential of using chemical references as a new evaluation tool for on‐site quality inspection or industrial quality assurance/quality control of shrimp with improved objectivity and consistency. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Onion leaf and synthetic additives in broiler diet: impact on splenic cytokines, serum immunoglobulins, cecal bacterial population, and muscle antioxidant status
Authors: Adeyemi Kazeem D , Obaaro Blessing M , Awoyeye Elizabeth T , Edward Anne E , Asogwa Tobechukwu N 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe disadvantages associated with the use of synthetic additives in animal production could threaten human and animal health, and the safety of animal‐derived foods. This study assessed the growth performance, blood chemistry, immune indices, selected caeca bacterial population, muscle antioxidant enzyme activities, and meat quality in broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with antibiotic (70% oxytetracycline +30% neomycin), tert‐butylhydroxytoluene or onion leaf powder (OLP). One day old Ross 308 chicks (n = 240) were assigned randomly to either D‐1, control diet (CD) without additives; D‐2, CD + 0.3 g kg−1 antibiotic +0.15 g kg−1 tert‐butylhydroxytoluene; D‐3, CD + 2.5 g kg−1 OLP; or D‐4, CD + 5 g kg−1 OLP for 42 days.RESULTSThe D‐2 and D‐4 diets improved (P < 0.05) bodyweight gain and feed efficiency in broilers. Platelet and cecal Lactobacillus spp. counts were higher (P < 0.05) whereas muscle cholesterol was lower (P < 0.05) in the OLP‐supplemented birds. Supplemented birds had higher (P < 0.01) splenic interleukin‐10 and lower (P < 0.01) splenic tumor necrosis factor‐α, immunoglobulin A, cecal E. coli and C. perfringens counts compared with the D‐1 birds. The D‐4 birds had the least (P < 0.05) splenic interleukin‐1β. Dietary supplements increased (P < 0.05) catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity, and lowered (P < 0.05) drip loss, malondialdehyde and carbonyl content in breast meat.CONCLUSIONDietary supplementation of 5 g kg−1 OLP exerted antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects that were comparable to those of antibiotics and tert‐butylhydroxytoluene in broiler chickens. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Hydrogeomorphology Influences Swamp Rabbit Habitat Selection in Bottomland Hardwood Forests
Authors: Hillard Elizabeth M. , Crawford Joanne C. , Nielsen Clayton K. , Groninger John W. , Schauber Eric M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIn the last century, bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests throughout the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley in the United States declined >80% and have been degraded because of habitat loss, fragmentation, and altered hydrology. To better understand how current conditions in BLH forest systems influence wildlife and to better manage land use and vegetation, we characterized winter (Dec–Mar) multi‐scale habitat selection of 75 radio‐marked swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) based on 850 locations in southern Illinois, USA, during 2010–2016. We investigated habitat selection by fitting resource selection functions with generalized linear mixed models based on Euclidean distances (km) to 8 cover types that described hydrogeomorphic conditions. At the second‐order scale of selection (home range selection), swamp rabbits were closer to deciduous forest and low‐elevation BLH and farther from agriculture, permanent water, shallow BLH, and woody wetland. At the third‐order scale of selection (habitat selection within the home range), swamp rabbits selected areas closer to deciduous forest, low BLH, and shallow BLH, and farther from woody wetlands. For the swamp rabbit in Illinois, a BLH specialist at the northern extent of their range, habitat selection is limited to available terrestrial habitat that provides vegetation for food and hiding cover within linear and flood‐prone BLH corridors surrounded by agricultural cover types that are largely unsuitable as habitat. Because hydrologic conditions are spatially and temporally dynamic, wildlife managers should focus on providing diverse habitat conditions across elevations that ensure the continuous availability of terrestrial habitat regardless of water level and flooding extent across the BLH landscape. Further reforestation efforts in BLH ecosystems should target current agricultural land on higher elevations adjacent to characteristically flood‐prone forest remnants that escaped agricultural clearing due to frequent flooding. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.