bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do the Habitual Sleep Patterns of Elite Female Basketball and Soccer Athletes Compare With the General Population?
Authors: Miles Kathleen H. , Clark Brad , Mara Jocelyn K. , Fowler Peter M. , Miller Joanna , Pumpa Kate L. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To compare the habitual sleep of female basketball and soccer athletes to age- and sex-matched controls and to characterize the sleep of basketball and soccer athletes at different competition locations and on the days surrounding competition. Methods: Using an observational case–control design, 41 female participants were recruited to participate, consisting of 11 basketball athletes (mean [SD]: age = 24.1 [4.9] y), 10 soccer athletes (24.8 [6.4] y), and 20 nonathletic controls (24.2 [2.8] y). Sleep was monitored using actigraphy for four 7-day periods throughout the preseason and subsequent competition season. Generalized linear models were used to analyze the effect of group and competition situation (eg, Home or Away) on sleep. Results: During habitual conditions, basketball athletes had longer sleep durations (7.4 [1.5] h) than soccer athletes (7.0 [1.2] h, P < .001) and controls (7.3 [1.2] h, P = .002). During competition, basketball and soccer athletes had longer sleep durations following home (7.7 [1.7] and 7.2 ± 1.3 h) compared with away games (6.8 [1.8] and 7.0 [1.3] h). In addition, basketballers went to bed earlier (23:49 [01:25]) and woke earlier (07:22 [01:59]) following away games compared with soccer athletes (00:10 [01:45] and 08:13 [01:45]). Conclusions: Basketballers had longer habitual sleep durations compared with soccer athletes and nonathletic controls. During competition, basketballers had earlier bed and wake times compared with soccer athletes following away games, highlighting the need for individualized sleep strategies.
Mantle control on magmatic flare-ups in the southern Coast Mountains batholith, British Columbia
Authors: Cecil M. Robinson , Gehrels George E. , Rusmore Margaret E. , Woodsworth Glenn J. , Stowell Harold H. , Yokelson Intan N. , Homan Emily , Kitajima Kouki , Valley John W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe southern Coast Mountain batholith was episodically active from Jurassic to Eocene time and experienced four distinct high magmatic flux events during that period. Similar episodicity has been recognized in arcs worldwide, yet the mechanism(s) driving such punctuated magmatic behavior are debated. This study uses zircon Hf and O isotopes, with whole-rock and mineral geochemistry, to track spatiotemporal changes in southern Coast Mountains batholith melt sources and to evaluate models of flare-up behavior and crust formation in Cordilleran arc systems. Zircon Hf isotope analysis yielded consistently primitive values, with all zircon grains recording initial εHf between +6 and +16. The majority (97%) of zircons analyzed yielded δ18O values between 4.2‰ and 6.5‰, and only five grains recorded values of up to 8.3‰. These isotopic results are interpreted to reflect magmatism dominated by mantle melting during all time periods and across all areas of the southern batholith, which argues against the periodic input of more melt-fertile crustal materials as the driver of episodic arc magmatism. They also indicate that limited crustal recycling is needed to produce the large volumes of continental crust generated in the batholith. Although the isotopic character of intrusions is relatively invariant through time, magmas emplaced during flare-ups record higher Sr/Y and La/Yb(N) and lower zircon Ti and Yb concentrations, which is consistent with melting in thickened crust with garnet present as a fractionating phase. Flare-ups are also temporally associated with periods when the southern Coast Mountains batholith both widens and advances inboard. We suggest that the landward shift of the arc into more fertile lithospheric mantle domains triggers voluminous magmatism and is accompanied by magmatic and/or tectonic thickening. Overall, these results demonstrate that the magmatic growth of Cordilleran arcs can be spatially and temporally complex without requiring variability in the contributions of crust and/or mantle to the batholith.
Charged anisotropic compact star core-envelope model with polytropic core and linear envelope
Authors: Mardan S. A. , Noureen I. , Khalid A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis manuscript is related to the construction of relativistic core-envelope model for spherically symmetric charged anisotropic compact objects. The polytropic equation of state is considered for core, while it is linear in the case of envelope. We present that core, envelope and the Reissner Nordstr$$\ddot{o}$$

o
¨

m exterior regions of stars match smoothly. It has been verified that all physical parameters are well behaved in the core and envelope region for the compact stars SAX J1808.4-3658 and 4U1608-52. Various physical parameters inside star are discussed herein, non-singularity and continuity at the junction has been catered as well. Impact of charged compact object together with core-envelope model on the mass, radius and compactification factor is described by graphical representation in both core and envelop regions. The stability of the model is worked out with the help of Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equations and radial sound speed.
Promoting Privacy Considerations in Real-World Projects in Capstone Courses with Ideation Cards
Authors: Tang Ying , Brockman Morgan L. , Patil Sameer 
Published: October 2021

Nearly all software built today impinges upon end-user privacy and needs to comply with relevant regulations. Therefore, there have been increasing calls for integrating considerations of compliance with privacy regulations throughout the software engineering lifecycle. However, software engineers are typically trained in the technical fields and lack sufficient knowledge and support for sociotechnical considerations of privacy. Privacy ideation cards attempt to address this issue by making privacy compliance understandable and actionable for software developers. However, the application of privacy ideation cards in real-world software projects has not yet been systemically investigated. The effectiveness of ideation cards as a pedagogical tool has not yet been examined either. We address these gaps by studying how teams of undergraduate students applied privacy ideation cards in capstone projects that involved building real-world software for industry sponsors. We found that privacy ideation cards fostered greater consideration and understanding of the extent to which the projects aligned with privacy regulations. We identified three main themes from student discussions of privacy compliance: (i) defining personal data; (ii) assigning responsibility for privacy compliance; and (iii) determining and exercising autonomy. The results suggest that application of the cards for real-world projects requires careful consideration of intersecting factors such as the stage at which the cards are used and the autonomy available to the developers. Pedagogically, ideation cards can facilitate low-level cognitive engagement (especially the cognitive processes of meaning construction and interpretation) for specific components within a project. Higher-level cognitive processes were comparatively rare in ideation sessions. These findings provide important insight to help enhance capstone instruction and to improve privacy ideation cards to increase their impact on the privacy properties of the developed software.
GeCoAgent: A Conversational Agent for Empowering Genomic Data Extraction and Analysis
Authors: Crovari Pietro , Pidò Sara , Pinoli Pietro , Bernasconi Anna , Canakoglu Arif , Garzotto Franca , Ceri Stefano 
Published: October 2021

With the availability of reliable and low-cost DNA sequencing, human genomics is relevant to a growing number of end-users, including biologists and clinicians. Typical interactions require applying comparative data analysis to huge repositories of genomic information for building new knowledge, taking advantage of the latest findings in applied genomics for healthcare. Powerful technology for data extraction and analysis is available, but broad use of the technology is hampered by the complexity of accessing such methods and tools.
This work presents GeCoAgent, a big-data service for clinicians and biologists. GeCoAgent uses a dialogic interface, animated by a chatbot, for supporting the end-users’ interaction with computational tools accompanied by multi-modal support. While the dialogue progresses, the user is accompanied in extracting the relevant data from repositories and then performing data analysis, which often requires the use of statistical methods or machine learning. Results are returned using simple representations (spreadsheets and graphics), while at the end of a session the dialogue is summarized in textual format. The innovation presented in this article is concerned with not only the delivery of a new tool but also our novel approach to conversational technologies, potentially extensible to other healthcare domains or to general data science.
FluidSMR: Adaptive Management for Hybrid SMR Drives
Authors: Wu Fenggang , Li Bingzhe , Du David H. C. 
Published: October 2021

Hybrid Shingled Magnetic Recording (H-SMR) drives are the most recently developed SMR drives, which allow dynamic conversion of the recording format between Conventional Magnetic Recording (CMR) and SMR on a single disk drive. We identify the unique opportunities of H-SMR drives to manage the tradeoffs between performance and capacity, including the possibility of adjusting the SMR area capacity based on storage usage and the flexibility of dynamic data swapping between the CMR area and SMR area.
We design and implement FluidSMR, an adaptive management scheme for hybrid SMR Drives, to fully utilize H-SMR drives under different workloads and capacity usages. FluidSMR has a two-phase allocation scheme to support a growing usage of the H-SMR drive. The scheme can intelligently determine the sizes of the CMR and the SMR space in an H-SMR drive based on the dynamic changing of workloads. Moreover, FluidSMR uses a cache in the CMR region, managed by a proposed loop-back log policy, to reduce the overhead of updates to the SMR region.
Evaluations using enterprise traces demonstrate that FluidSMR outperforms baseline schemes in various workloads by decreasing the average I/O latency and effectively reducing/controlling the performance impact of the format conversion between CMR and SMR.
Two-Sided Random Matching Markets: Ex-Ante Equivalence of the Deferred Acceptance Procedures
Authors: Mauras Simon 
Published: October 2021

Stable matching in a community consisting of

N

men and

N

women is a classical combinatorial problem that has been the subject of intense theoretical and empirical study since its introduction in 1962 in a seminal work by Gale and Shapley.

When the input preference profile is generated from a distribution, we study the output distribution of two stable matching procedures: women-proposing-deferred-acceptance and men-proposing-deferred-acceptance. We show that the two procedures are ex-ante equivalent—that is, under certain conditions on the input distribution, their output distributions are identical.
In terms of technical contributions, we generalize (to the non-uniform case) an integral formula, due to Knuth and Pittel, which gives the probability that a fixed matching is stable. Using an inclusion-exclusion principle on the set of rotations, we give a new formula that gives the probability that a fixed matching is the women/men-optimal stable matching.
Effect of Applying Binocular Visual Training after Slanted Lateral Rectus Recession on Orthophoric Rate and Binocular Visual Function Recovery on Patients with Convergence Insufficiency-Type Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Dai Shuying , Sun Weifeng , Xu Hongjia , Wang Yanan , Liu Yuan , Han Aijun , Han Lixiao , Wang Juan , Liao Rujuan , Liu Sujiang , Gao Yu , Han Huifang 
Published: October 2021

Objective. To explore the effect of applying binocular visual training after slanted lateral rectus recession on orthophoric rate and binocular visual function recovery on patients with convergence insufficiency-type intermittent exotropia (CI-IXT). Methods. A total of 76 CI-IXT child patients treated at the Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Department of our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the research objects, and those who met the inclusion criteria were equally divided into group A (63 eyes) and group B (61 eyes) according to the sealed envelope randomization. All child patients accepted the slanted lateral rectus recession, and after that, those in group A accepted the binocular visual training and those in group B accepted the conventional visual function rehabilitation training, so as to compare their position of eye, the best corrected visual acuity, etc., after training for statistical analysis. Results. Compared with group B after one month of surgery, group A had significantly less patients with grade I binocular vision function (

P

< 0.001) and more patients with grade II and III vision function (

P

< 0.05); between group A and group B, after 3 months and 6 months of treatment, the number of eyes with normal stereoscopic vision was significantly higher in group A (

P

< 0.05); at 15 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of treatment, the visual strain scores of group A were significantly lower (

P

< 0.001); after treatment, the number of orthophoria eyes was significantly higher in group A (

P

< 0.001), while the numbers of overcorrected eyes and undercorrected eyes were significantly higher in group B (

P

< 0.001); and the total incidence rate of adverse reactions was significantly lower in group A (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. Applying binocular visual training to child patients with CI-IXT after slanted lateral rectus recession can promote the recovery of binocular vision and ensure higher safety, and further study will help to establish a better solution for the affected children.
Adaptive rewiring in nonuniform coupled oscillators
Authors: Haqiqatkhah MohamamdHossein Manuel , van Leeuwen Cees 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Structural plasticity of the brain can be represented in a highly simplified form as adaptive rewiring, the relay of connections according to the spontaneous dynamic synchronization in network activity. Adaptive rewiring, over time, leads from initial random networks to brain-like complex networks, that is, networks with modular small-world structures and a rich-club effect. Adaptive rewiring has only been studied, however, in networks of identical oscillators with uniform or random coupling strengths. To implement information-processing functions (e.g., stimulus selection or memory storage), it is necessary to consider symmetry-breaking perturbations of oscillator amplitudes and coupling strengths. We studied whether nonuniformities in amplitude or connection strength could operate in tandem with adaptive rewiring. Throughout network evolution, either amplitude or connection strength of a subset of oscillators was kept different from the rest. In these extreme conditions, subsets might become isolated from the rest of the network or otherwise interfere with the development of network complexity. However, whereas these subsets form distinctive structural and functional communities, they generally maintain connectivity with the rest of the network and allow the development of network complexity. Pathological development was observed only in a small proportion of the models. These results suggest that adaptive rewiring can robustly operate alongside information processing in biological and artificial neural networks.
He Thinks He Knows Better than the Doctors: BERT for Event Factuality Fails on Pragmatics
Authors: Jiang Nanjiang , de Marneffe Marie-Catherine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate how well BERT performs on predicting factuality in several existing English datasets, encompassing various linguistic constructions. Although BERT obtains a strong performance on most datasets, it does so by exploiting common surface patterns that correlate with certain factuality labels, and it fails on instances where pragmatic reasoning is necessary. Contrary to what the high performance suggests, we are still far from having a robust system for factuality prediction.
PAQ: 65 Million Probably-Asked Questions and What You Can Do With Them
Authors: Lewis Patrick , Wu Yuxiang , Liu Linqing , Minervini Pasquale , Küttler Heinrich , Piktus Aleksandra , Stenetorp Pontus , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Open-domain Question Answering models that directly leverage question-answer (QA) pairs, such as closed-book QA (CBQA) models and QA-pair retrievers, show promise in terms of speed and memory compared with conventional models which retrieve and read from text corpora. QA-pair retrievers also offer interpretable answers, a high degree of control, and are trivial to update at test time with new knowledge. However, these models fall short of the accuracy of retrieve-and-read systems, as substantially less knowledge is covered by the available QA-pairs relative to text corpora like Wikipedia. To facilitate improved QA-pair models, we introduce Probably Asked Questions (PAQ), a very large resource of 65M automatically generated QA-pairs. We introduce a new QA-pair retriever, RePAQ, to complement PAQ. We find that PAQ preempts and caches test questions, enabling RePAQ to match the accuracy of recent retrieve-and-read models, whilst being significantly faster. Using PAQ, we train CBQA models which outperform comparable baselines by 5%, but trail RePAQ by over 15%, indicating the effectiveness of explicit retrieval. RePAQ can be configured for size (under 500MB) or speed (over 1K questions per second) while retaining high accuracy. Lastly, we demonstrate RePAQ’s strength at selective QA, abstaining from answering when it is likely to be incorrect. This enables RePAQ to “back-off” to a more expensive state-of-the-art model, leading to a combined system which is both more accurate and 2x faster than the state-of-the-art model alone.
Buderas—A Pastoralist Community of High Himalayan Society: Migration, Identity, Existence and Belief
Authors: Saklani Dinesh Prasad 
Published: October 2021

Buderas are inhabitants of Gangi, Pinswar and Ginwali, three villages in Tehri district of Uttarakhand. They are basically grazers, who, at a certain point of time in history, migrated from Kashmir via Himachal Pradesh. The migration and settlement of Buderas is very interesting, being interwoven with the tale of their deity. They, in general, follow Hinduism, only in certain aspects but are specifically devoted to their deity Somesu or Samosa, as they call it. Somesu is the focal point of their life and society. In the present article, which is based on my field study of Gangi village in Tehri district of Garhwal, way back in 1999, the focus is on the rituals and worship related to Somesu for the well-being of the cattle folk of the Buderas. How they propitiate and please the deity for taking care of their cattle folk, while away in pastures for months and months, are focal points of the present article. The element of change and continuity in the performance of the rituals and religion is also highlighted in the this article.
A snapshot of venous ultrasound examinations in Australia and New Zealand: Implications for diagnosis and management of chronic venous disease interventions
Authors: Liu Gaorui , Clarke Jillian L , Mohan Irwin 
Published: October 2021

Objective Chronic venous disease is a common vascular condition, affecting up to 60% of the population worldwide. In Australia and New Zealand, chronic venous insufficiency ultrasound examinations are primarily performed by sonographers. This research aimed to explore how ultrasound examinations are being performed, providing insights into current practices and recommendations for quality improvement. Method A questionnaire was distributed to capture demographics, practices of ultrasound, examination techniques, the use of nomenclature and experience of the respondents. Results The analysis of 97 responses showed a heterogeneity in the clinical application of ultrasound. Most sonographers performed less than two scans per day within 30–45 minutes. Deep venous incompetence was routinely excluded by all respondents. The majority used standing, sitting and reverse Trendelenburg position except for a few using supine position. Manual augmentation was the preferred provocation manoeuvre. Anatomical variations at the junctional level were not adequately evaluated. Although Giacomini’s vein was assessed by 80%, 57% of those did not evaluate paradoxical reflux. Seventy-five per cent routinely assessed non-saphenous reflux; however, over 50% were unfamiliar with lymph node venous networks. A significant number of out-dated venous terms were still being used. A low participation rate in continuing professional development was identified, which might be attributable to limited education and training programs. Conclusion The study is a multi-faceted exploration that identified a need for standardized diagnostic and reporting guidelines. Our results could explain discrepancies in diagnostic findings and inconsistencies in the use of medical terminology, with implications for clinical decision making and assessment of surgical outcome.
Supradiaphragmatic central venous catheter malposition detection using the parasternal long-axis echocardiographic view and dextrose 50% contrast solution: A pilot study
Authors: Che Rahim Mohd Jazman , Abdull Wahab Shaik Farid , Fauzi Mohd Hashairi , Nadarajan Chandran , Ab Hamid Siti Azrin 
Published: October 2021

Background Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) using saline was studied to detect supradiaphragmatic central venous catheter malposition. Commonly used echocardiographic views are apical 4-chamber (A4c) and subcostal views. However, this standard method is not feasible in certain situations. We explored the feasibility of the right ventricle inflow parasternal long axis (RVI-PLAX) echocardiographic view and dextrose 50% (D50%) contrast solution for detecting supradiaphragmatic central venous catheter malposition. Method This pilot study screened 60 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided supradiaphragmatic central venous catheter insertion. We compared the investigators' guidewire's J-tip detection, D50% rapid atrial swirl sign (RASS) findings on the RVI-PLAX view and the central venous catheter tip on chest radiograph. We also compared the mean capillary blood sugar level before and after the 5 ml D50% flush. Results No guidewire J-tips were detected from the RVI-PLAX view. The first and second investigators’ diagnosis of central venous catheter malposition detected on RVI-PLAX CEUS achieved an almost perfect agreement (κ = 1.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90 to 1.0), p < .0001). The RVI-PLAX CEUS was not able to detect two central venous catheter malpositions (one atrial malposition and one left brachiocephalic vein venous catheter malposition). The capillary blood sugar was significantly elevated (8.96 mmol/L vs. 9.75 mmol/L) after D50% flush ( p < 0.005) with no complications reported within 30 minutes after the D50% flush. Conclusion RVI-PLAX view should not be used for guidewire detection. CEUS using D50% and RVI-PLAX view are potentially useful tools in detecting central venous catheter malposition. Further studies comparing them with conventional methods are needed.