bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jagged–Notch-mediated divergence of immune cell crosstalk maintains the anti-inflammatory response in visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Chandrakar Pragya , Seth Anuradha , Rani Ankita , Dutta Mukul , Parmar Naveen , Descoteaux Albert , Kar Susanta 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Notch signaling governs crucial aspects of intercellular communication spanning antigen-presenting cells and T-cells. In this study, we investigate how Leishmaniadonovani takes advantage of this pathway to quell host immune responses. We report induction of the Notch ligand Jagged1 in L. donovani-infected bone marrow macrophages (BMMϕs) and subsequent activation of RBPJκ (also known as RBPJ) in T cells, which in turn upregulates the transcription factor GATA3. Activated RBPJκ also associates with the histone acetyltransferase p300 (also known as EP300), which binds with the Bcl2l12 promoter and enhances its expression. Interaction of Bcl2L12 with GATA3 in CD4+ T cells facilitates its binding to the interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 promoters, thereby increasing the secretion of these cytokines. Silencing Jagged1 hindered these events in a BMMϕ–T cell co-culture system. Upon further scrutiny, we found that parasite lipophosphoglycan (LPG) induces the host phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which activates β-catenin and Egr1, the two transcription factors responsible for driving Jagged1 expression. In vivo morpholino-silencing of Jagged1 suppresses anti-inflammatory cytokine responses and reduces organ parasite burden in L. donovani-infected Balb/c mice, suggesting that L. donovani-induced host Jagged1–Notch signaling skews macrophage–T cell crosstalk into disease-promoting Th2 mode in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Importance of respiratory syncytial virus as a predictor of hospital length of stay in bronchiolitis
Authors: Buendia Jefferson Antonio , Guerrero Patino Diana 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in children. Estimate potentially preventable variables that impact the length of hospital stay are a priority to reduce the costs associated with this disease. This study aims to identify clinical variables associated with length of hospital stay of bronchiolitis in children in a tropical middle-income country Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 417 infants with bronchiolitis in tertiary centers in Colombia. All medical records of all patients admitted to the emergency department were reviewed. To identify factors independently associated we use negative binomial regression model, to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and adjust for potential confounding variables Results: The median of the length of hospital stay was 3.68 days, with a range of 0.74 days to 29 days, 138 (33.17%) of patients have a hospital stay of 5 or more days. After modeling and controlling for potential confounders age <6 months, comorbidities (CHD or neurological), BPD, chest indrawing, RSV isolation, and C-reactive protein were independent predictors of LOS Conclusions: Our results show that in infants with bronchiolitis, RSV isolation, age <6 months, comorbidities (CHD or neurological), BPD, chest indrawing, and C-reactive protein were independent predictors of LOS. As a potentially modifiable risk factor, efforts to reduce the probability of RSV infection can reduce the high medical cost associates with prolonged LOS in bronchiolitis.
Copper and Lead Ions Removal by Electrocoagulation: Process Performance and Implications for Energy Consumption
Authors: Prasetyaningrum Aji , Ariyanti Dessy , Widayat Widayat , Jos Bakti 
Published: February 2021

Electroplating wastewater contains high amount of heavy metals that can cause serious problems to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to remove heavy metals from electroplating wastewater. The aim of this research was to examine the electrocoagulation (EC) process for removing the copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) ions from wastewater using aluminum electrodes. It also analyzes the removal efficiency and energy requirement rate of the EC method for heavy metals removal from wastewater. Regarding this matter, the operational parameters of the EC process were varied, including time (20−40 min), current density (40−80 A/m2), pH (3−11), and initial concentration of heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metals ions was analyzed using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method. The results showed that the concentration of lead and copper ions decreased with the increase in EC time. The current density was observed as a notable parameter. High current density has an effect on increasing energy consumption. On the other hand, the performance of the electrocoagulation process decreased at low pH. The higher initial concentration of heavy metals resulted in higher removal efficiency than the lower concentration. The removal efficiency of copper and lead ions was 89.88% and 98.76%, respectively, at 40 min with electrocoagulation treatment of 80 A/m2 current density and pH 9. At this condition, the speciﬁc amounts of dissolved electrodes were 0.2201 kg/m3, and the energy consumption was 21.6 kWh/m3. The kinetic study showed that the removal of the ions follows the first-order model.
A note on Kazdan–Warner equation on networks
Authors: Camilli Fabio , Marchi Claudio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the Kazdan–Warner equation on a network.
In this case, the differential equation is defined on each edge, while appropriate transition conditions of Kirchhoff type are prescribed at the vertices.
We show that the whole Kazdan–Warner theory, both for the noncritical and the critical case, extends to the present setting.
New Diseases and Sectarian Debate in Hellenistic and Roman Medicine
Authors: Harris Arthur 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAncient medical practitioners discussed and debated whether previously unknown kinds of disease had been discovered and whether new diseases could come into existence. The debate over new diseases was of fundamental importance in defining the medical sects (haireseis) which came to dominate elite medicine from the Hellenistic period. This paper offers an overview of the most significant Greek and Roman sources for the debate over new diseases and an account of the origins and significance of this debate.
NT-proBNP levels in preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction as well as in the prediction on an imminent delivery
Authors: Lafuente-Ganuza Paula , Carretero Fran , Lequerica-Fernández Paloma , Fernandez-Bernardo Ana , Escudero Ana I. , de la Hera-Galarza Jesus M. , Garcia-Iglesias Daniel , Alvarez-Velasco Rut , Alvarez Francisco V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Studies of cardiovascular function in pregnancy have shown inconsistent and, in some cases, contradictory results, particularly regarding cardiac output. While some studies report preeclampsia associated with high cardiac output, other studies suggest that preeclampsia should be further subdivided into women with high or low cardiac output. This study was conducted to examine the NT-proBNP levels in preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and hypertensive pregnancies without preeclampsia. We also examined N-terminal pro-B natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels three to four months after delivery, in preeclamptic women as well as the prediction of delivery within 10 days. In a reduced number of preeclamptic women and controls we performed echocardiograms to study their diastolic function.

Methods
We investigated the NT-proBNP levels in 213 subjects with preeclampsia only, 73 with intrauterine growth restriction, 44 with preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, 211 who were hypertensive and 662 unaffected pregnancies (controls). We also performed echocardiograms on 36 preeclampsia and 19 controls before delivery and three to five months after delivery.

Results
NT-proBNP levels are higher in early onset preeclampsia than in late onset preeclampsia. Intrauterine growth restriction pregnancies showed a NT-proBNP levels similar to hypertensive and unaffected pregnancies. Compared with healthy pregnancies, women with preterm preeclampsia (<37 gestational weeks) had altered left atrial segments.

Conclusions
We observed that NT-proBNP levels are higher in early onset preeclampsia than in late onset. Moreover, diastolic dysfunction is higher in early onset than in late-onset term preeclampsia. An NT-proBNP value >136 pg/mL has a high positive predictive value for an imminent delivery within 10 days.
Significantly enlarged varix in the free-loop of the umbilical cord during the second trimester
Authors: Kurasaki Akiko , Hasegawa Junichi , Furuya Natsumi , Homma Chika , Harada Satoshi , Miura Ayako , Kondo Haruhiro , Suzuki Nao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Umbilical cord varix is an abnormal dilatation of the umbilical vein. There are two types of umbilical venous varix, of which the free-loop type is extremely rare, and the prognosis and etiology are unclear. In this report, we present a case of a significantly enlarged varix in the free loop of the umbilical cord found in the second trimester.

Case presentation
Cesarean section was performed at 28 weeks’ gestation due to enlargement of the varix and rapidly increased umbilical venous velocity at the outlet of the varix. Neonatal blood tests revealed anemia and high concentrations of D-dimer, and they were considered to be due to clot formation inside the umbilical cord venous varix. The neonate received blood transfusion but other neonatal course was generally favorable. Thrombus formation in the enlarged varix was due to the constriction of the umbilical cord.

Conclusions
This case showed that the assessment of umbilical venous flow velocity can be used for estimating the constriction of the umbilical vein and for determining the timing of delivery.
A rare case of intra-uterine blood transfusion for fetal anemia caused by a giant placental chorioangioma
Authors: Raviv Shira , Shrim Alon , Eidel Julia , Yinon Yoav , Weiz Boaz , Lipitz Shlomo , Hallak Mordechai , Gabbay-Benziv Rinat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesChorioangiomas (CAs) are the most frequent tumor-like-lesions of the placenta. Giant CAs (more than 4–5 cm in diameter) is rare and may result in severe maternal fetal complications.Case presentationA 38-year-old multigravida presented at 31 weeks’ gestation with contractions. Upon evaluation, contractions were spontaneously ceased, and the cervix was closed. Ultrasound examination revealed a single viable fetus, polyhydramnios and a 75 x 48 x 82 mm vascular lesion located on the placental surface near the cord insertion. Doppler assessment was suggestive of fetal anemia with middle cerebral artery-peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) 1.8 MoM’s. Fetal heart rate monitoring and biophysical scores were reassuring. Following betamethasone fetal cord sampling that revealed fetal hemoglobin level of 8.8 g/dL, 57 cc of blood was transfused resulting in final hemoglobin level of 14.3 g/dL measured prior to needle extraction. MCA-PSV was normalized immediately after the procedure, however aggravated at the following day with MCA-PSV 65 cm/s (1.46 MoM’s). No other intervention was taken and MCA-PSV continued to fluctuate from slight to severe anemia spontaneously over a period of two weeks. At 34 gestational weeks, the women delivered a healthy baby. Fetal hemoglobin level at delivery was 21 g/dL.ConclusionsFetal blood transfusion is a reasonable treatment for fetal anemia in cases of giant chorioangiomas. Following transfusion, MCA-PSV may act unexpectedly reflecting various mechanisms affecting the flow.
A case report of co-infection with rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy
Authors: Heiselman Cassandra J. , Iovino Nicole , Herrera Kimberly M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
A novel betacoronavirus, SARV-COV-2, was first reported in China on December 31, 2019. Since that time, the number of cases worldwide has grown exponentially. Because this coronavirus was newly described in the human population, strategies to combat spread, to test appropriately, and to identify those at higher risk for severe disease changed frequently as understanding evolved.

Case presentation
This is a report of a case that demonstrate that coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is possible and likely more common than initially projected. The patient is a 28-year-old G2P1001 at 31 weeks and four days gestation that presented with a 5-day history of high fevers, cough, myalgias, malaise and headache. Patient was diagnosed with Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, admitted for supportive care, and no longer considered a person under investigation for COVID19 because of her positive respiratory panel. Patient’s SARS-CoV-2 screen came back positive two days after her discharge from the hospital. Patient required readmission for worsening symptoms later that night, presenting with tachypnea, hypotension, and pneumonia. Patient was successfully discharged home on hospital day six.

Conclusions
Co-infection with other respiratory viruses happens more than originally thought, therefore going forward protocols should be cognizant of this. When patients present with symptoms suspicious of COVID-19, he or she should be tested regardless of the status of the respiratory viral panel, including influenza.
Adiponectin and leptin levels in normal weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Gözüküçük Murat , Yarcı Gürsoy Aslı , Destegül Emre , Taşkın Salih , Şatıroğlu Hakan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Since polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is prevalent in reproductive women with obesity and insulin resistance, adipocytokines are often accused and investigated for pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adiponectin and leptin levels in normal-weight women with PCOS.

Methods
Forty women with PCOS and 40 age and body mass index (BMI) matched controls were included in the study. Adiponectin and leptin levels in addition to other biochemical parameters were measured.

Results
Leptin levels were statistically significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (6.53 ± 2.670 vs 3.37 ± 2.002 ng/mL, p < 0.001 respectively). Although Adiponectin levels were lower in the study group compared to the control group (28.89 ± 16.124 μg/mL vs 31.05 ± 20.507, p = 0.714 respectively) the difference did not reach statistical significance. Leptin levels were positively correlated with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, free testosterone levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. Adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with BMI.

Conclusions
Adiponectin and leptin have been suggested to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Different adipocytokine levels in the normal weight PCOS group compared to age and BMI matched controls support the idea that adipose tissue in this group of women has some distinctive features not only in high BMI subgroup but also in normal weight subgroup.
C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (Cxcr2) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma immune evasion via regulating programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)
Authors: Wan Yafeng , Ge Ke , Zhou Weijiang , Lu Jun , Jia Changku , Zhu Hanzhang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Strategies to sensitize hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) to programmed death-1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor therapies are important in improving the survival of HCC patients. The aim of the study was to characterize C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (Cxcr2) as a therapeutic target in HCC and evaluate the effects of Cxcr2 suppression in sensitizing HCC to PD1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapies. To this end, we constructed a Cxcr2-knockout HCC cell line (Hepa1-6 KO) using the CRISPR-Cas9 approach and assessed the tumor growth rate and survival of mice after subcutaneously inoculating Hepa1-6 KO cells in mice. We show that Cxcr2 knockdown does not dramatically inhibit tumor growth and improve mouse survival. In tumor xenografts, the proportion of T cells is not affected but the ratio of M1/M2 macrophage is greatly increased. Cxcr2 knockdown does not alter cell viability but macrophages co-cultured with Hepa1-6 KO cells are shifted to M1 phenotypes compared to WT cells. Hepa-1-6 KO cells exhibit lower levels of PD-L1 expression. c-Myc is suppressed in Hepa1-6 KO cells, which contributes to PD-L1 downregulation. Knockdown of Cxcr2 decreases PD-L1 levels and consequently promotes the shift of macrophages to the M1 phenotype, which is mediated by downregulating c-Myc. In summary, Cxcr2 is a potential target for suppressing immune escape in HCC.
Revisiting the interaction of heme with hemopexin
Authors: Detzel Milena Sophie , Schmalohr Benjamin Franz , Steinbock Francèl , Hopp Marie-Thérèse , Ramoji Anuradha , Paul George Ajay Abisheck , Neugebauer Ute , Imhof Diana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In hemolytic disorders, erythrocyte lysis results in massive release of hemoglobin and, subsequently, toxic heme. Hemopexin is the major protective factor against heme toxicity in human blood and currently considered for therapeutic use. It has been widely accepted that hemopexin binds heme with extraordinarily high affinity of <1 pM in a 1:1 ratio. However, several lines of evidence point to a higher stoichiometry and lower affinity than determined 50 years ago. Here, we re-analyzed these data. SPR and UV/Vis spectroscopy were used to monitor the interaction of heme with the human protein. The heme-binding sites of hemopexin were characterized using hemopexin-derived peptide models and competitive displacement assays. We obtained a K

D
value of 0.32 ± 0.04 nM and the ratio for the interaction was determined to be 1:1 at low heme concentrations and at least 2:1 (heme:hemopexin) at high concentrations. We were able to identify two yet unknown potential heme-binding sites on hemopexin. Furthermore, molecular modelling with a newly created homology model of human hemopexin suggested a possible recruiting mechanism by which heme could consecutively bind several histidine residues on its way into the binding pocket. Our findings have direct implications for the potential administration of hemopexin in hemolytic disorders.
The effect of alternating ventilation on forced air pre-cooling of cherries
Authors: Jia Binguang , Liu Fang , Yuan Shaodi , Li Zichun , Zhang Xiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Large temperature gradients caused by the traditional forced air pre-cooling method leads to the decrease of the shelf life of horticultural products. An alternating ventilation of air pre-cooling is one of the key methods to reduce the temperature inhomogeneity of cherries. The research results on the alternating ventilation change showed that the operating time of fan was not neglected in the forced air pre-cooling. It reached up to 7.70% of total pre-cooling time when the number of ventilation changes no more than five. In general, the total pre-cooling time was proportional to the number of ventilation increase. The final inhomogeneity of cherries first quickly decreased from 0.237 to 0.097 with air direction changing once and then fluctuated from 0.09 to 0.120 with the number of ventilation changing from 1 to 5. Through the comprehensive analysis of temperature inhomogeneity and pre-cooling time, the optimal alternating ventilation on forced air pre-cooling of cherries was ventilation changing once.
Research on bifurcation and chaos characteristics of planet gear transmission system with mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) friction
Authors: Wang Jingyue , Liu Ning , Wang Haotian , Guo Lixin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to study the influence of friction on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear system, the dynamic model of a planet gear transmission system considering mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) friction, time-varying meshing stiffness, backlash and comprehensive meshing error is established. The Runge–Kutta method is used to solve the dynamic differential equations, and the bifurcation and chaos characteristics of the system are analysed through the bifurcation diagram, largest lyapunov exponent (LLE), Poincaré map, phase diagram, time history curve diagram and fast fourier transform (FFT)spectrum. The results of numerical simulation show that the planetary gear system with mixed EHL friction exhibits rich bifurcation characteristics, and the system experiences short-periodic motion, long-periodic motion, quasi-periodic motion and chaotic motion. The effect of tooth surface friction on the bifurcation characteristics of the planetary gear system is more obvious at high frequency than that at low frequency. Tooth surface friction causes the system to enter chaotic motion in advance.
Inverse problems for stochastic parabolic equations with additive noise
Authors: Yuan Ganghua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study two inverse problems for stochastic parabolic equations with additive noise.
One is to determinate the history of a stochastic heat process and the random heat source simultaneously by the observation at the final time 𝑇.
For this inverse problem, we obtain a conditional stability result.
The other one is an inverse source problem to determine two kinds of sources simultaneously by the observation at the final time and on the lateral boundary.
The main tool for solving the inverse problems is a new global Carleman estimate for the stochastic parabolic equation.
Deconstructing the linguacultural underpinnings oftolerance: Anglo-Slavonic perspectives
Authors: Larina Tatiana , Ozyumenko Vladimir , Kurteš Svetlana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe cross-cultural study of the words defining social values are of particular importance in interdisciplinary contexts, as the knowledge of their culture-specific semantic as well as discursive characteristics contributes to a better understanding of how people think and act in a society. The paper focuses on the English lexemetoleranceand its translation equivalents in Russian and Serbian. It aims to specify linguacultural characterizations of the notion of tolerance in British, Russian and Serbian cultures. The data were taken from dictionaries, British National Corpus (BNC), Russian National Corpus (RNC), Corpus of Contemporary Serbian (SrpKor), as well as media and Internet resources. The combined methodology (pragma-semantic, discourse and lingua-cultural analysis) enabled us to reveal that the dictionary equivalents of the English lexemetoleranceare not complete, but partial. The findings show that in Russian and Serbian the words of Latin etymologytolerantnost’andtolerancijaseem to invoke both positive and negative attitudes, reflecting cultural norms and values. The paper contributes to the understanding of tolerance in the observed linguacultures and confirms that it is important to consider interdisciplinary approaches to language studies.