bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium Peroxide Promoted Anaerobic Co-digestion of Plant Waste and Excess Sludge to Produce Methane
Authors: Wang Yongliang , Zhou Xiaohui , Dai Bin , Zhu Xiaoqiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plant waste (PW) and excess sludge (ES) are two main organic matters of municipal solid waste. However, there are few reports on their anaerobic co-digestion. In this work, the mixed proportion of PW and ES anaerobic co digestion was first optimized at mesophilic temperature, and then the anaerobic co-digestion of PW and ES was enhanced with strong oxidant calcium peroxide (CP). The results showed that the optimal mixing ratio of PW and ES was 1/1 (in terms of volatile solids), and the C/N of mixed digestion substrate was 23.5/1, the maximum methane production was 172.6 mL/g (in terms of volatile solids). CP could enhance methane production from anaerobic co-digestion of PW and ES. When the content of CP was 0.2 g/g (in terms of total suspended solids), the maximum methane production was 234.8 mL/g, about 1.4 times of the blank. The mechanism investigation showed that CP promoted the release of organic matter during the co-digestion, and the higher the content of CP, the greater the release of soluble chemical oxygen demand. The presence of appropriate amount of CP promoted the activities of key enzymes in anaerobic fermentation process, and then increased the efficiency of methane production. The results of this work provide an alternative strategy for the resource utilization of PW and ES.
Fragility Curves for Italian Urm Buildings Based on a Hybrid Method
Authors: Sandoli Antonio , Lignola Gian Piero , Calderoni Bruno , Prota Andrea 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions.Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure (IM) to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minim value of PGAs defined for each buildings class.To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber (MCS) macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed.Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.
Influence of face surgical and N95 face masks on speech perception and listening effort in noise
Authors: Rahne Torsten , Fröhlich Laura , Plontke Stefan , Wagner Luise 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Daily life conversation relies on speech perception in quiet and noise. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the usage of face masks has become mandatory in many situations. Acoustic attenuation of sound pressure by the mask tissue reduces speech perception ability especially in noisy situations. Mask also impede the process of speech information from sight of the moving mouth (lip reading).
In a prospective exploratory experimental study including 17 normal hearing participants, speech perception in noise and listening effort were measured with and without a surgical mask or an N95 mask between the speech signal and the listener. Additionally, the influence of the masks on the acoustic frequency spectrum was measured.
Averaged over all noise signals, speech perception threshold in noise was significantly reduced by 1.6 dB (95% CI[1.0, 2.1]) by a surgical mask and by 2.7 dB (95% CI[2.2, 3.2]) using an N95 mask. The 50%-listening effort signal-to-noise ratio was not significantly increased by 0.58 dB (95% CI[0.4, 1.5]) by a surgical mask but significantly increased by 2.2 dB (95% CI[1.2, 3.1]) using an N95 mask. In acoustic measures the amplitudes were reduced by the mask tissue by up to 8 dB at frequencies above 1 kHz while no reduction was observed below 1 kHz.
We conclude that face masks reduce speech perception and increase listening effort in different noise signals. Together with an additional interference by missing lip reading the compound effect of face masks would have a relevant impact on daily life communication already in normal hearing subjects.
The 3D Printed Template Assists Accuracy and Safety of Screw Placement in the Treatment of Pediatric Congenital Scoliosis: A Case Control Retrospective Study
Authors: Cao Jun , Zhang Xuejun , Liu Haonan , Yao Ziming , Bai Yunsong , Guo Dong , Feng Lei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Three-dimensional (3-D) printed templates are increasingly applied in spinal surgery, but are rarely used in the treatment of congenital scoliosis. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and safety of 3D printed template-assisted screw placement in the treatment of congenital scoliosis.Methods: A total of 67 patients with congenital scoliosis treated in our hospital between January 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively included (mean age= 4.13±2.66 years, range: 2-15) and divided into the template-assistant group (n=34) and the freehand group (n=33) according to the screw placement method. The accuracy rate of pedicle screw placement, surgical outcomes, and incidence of complications were compared between groups.Results: Although the good accuracy (grade 0+ grade 1) rate of pedicle screw placement was comparable between the two groups, the excellent accuracy (grade 0) rate was significantly higher in the template-assistant group than in the freehand group (96.10% vs. 88.64%, P=0.007). The main curve Cobb's angle and Kyphosis' angle significantly decreased after surgery in both groups but without a significant intergroup difference. The template-assistant group had a significantly lower postoperative complication rate than the freehand group (0% vs. 18.18%; P=0.009). The 4 patients with postoperative complications in the freehand group all received revision surgery.Conclusion: The 3D printed templates can improve the excellent accuracy rate of screw placement and reduce postoperative complications in the treatment of congenital scoliosis, thereby improving the therapeutic efficacy.
An Exploratory Optimal Framework of Low Impact Development Measures Spatial Arrangement based on Source Tracking for Urban Flood Mitigation
Authors: Qi Wenchao , Ma Chao , Xu Hongshi , Chen Zifan , Zhao Kai , Han Hao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Urban areas are vulnerable to flooding as a result of climate change and population growth and thus rainstorm-induced flood losses are becoming increasingly severe. Low impact development (LID) measures are a storm management technique designed for controlling runoff in urban areas, which is critical for solving urban flood hazard. Therefore, this study developed an exploratory simulation-optimization framework for the spatial arrangement of LID measures. The proposed framework begins by applying a numerical model to simulate hydrological and hydrodynamic processes during a storm event, and the urban flood model coupled with the source tracking method was then used to identify the flood source areas. Next, based on source tracking data, the LID investment in each subcatchment was determined using the inundation volume contribution ratio of the flood source area (where most of the investment is required) to the flood hazard area (where most of the flooding occurs). Finally, the resiliency and sustainability of different LID scenarios were evaluated using several different storm events in order to provide suggestions for flooding predictions and the decision-making process. The results of this study emphasized the importance of flood source control. Furthermore, to quantitatively evaluate the impact of inundation volume transport between subcatchments on the effectiveness of LID measures, a regional relevance index (RI) was proposed to analyze the spatial connectivity between different regions. The simulation-optimization framework was applied to Haikou City, China, wherein the results indicated that LID measures in a spatial arrangement based on the source tracking method are a robust and resilient solution to flood mitigation. This study demonstrates the novelty of combining the source tracking method and highlights the spatial connectivity between flood source areas and flood hazard areas. Further, the framework acts as a strategic tool for the effective spatial arrangement design of LID measures.
The Role of Neurogenic Bioamines in Nerve Fibers of Uterus during the Postpartum Involution in Experimental Animal Models
Authors: Dindyaev Sergey V. , Beeraka Narasimha M , Kasatkin Denis V. , Mikhaylenko Elizaveta V. , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Biogenic amines (BAs) secreted by the sympathetic neural apparatus of rat uterus are
reported to be conducive to the uterine functional activity during postpartum involution; the imbalance in BAs
ratio could confer postpartum reproductive disorders including improper postpartum involution.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to identify the changes in the density of uterine sympathetic nerves implicated
in the pathology of endometriosis, adenomyosis, and delayed uterine involution. The present study
aims to ascertain ‘serotonin’ and ‘catecholamine’ concentrations in mesenteric mast cells (MCs), and structural
elements of nerve fibers across the perivascular plexuses (PPs) and single sympathetic nerve terminals (SST).

Methods:
Furthermore, the density of their spatial distribution (SDP and SDT) in the uterine body, cervix, and
mesometrium was determined during postpartum involution. Tissue specimens of postpartum uterus were obtained
from 55 nulliparous female Wistar outbred strain rats, which were grouped according to the days after
parturition at the time of sacrifice. The nerve fibers of PP and SST exhibited emerald green fluorescence, which
was detected by glyoxylic acid fluorescence technique; the fluorescence invoked by BAs was identified by microspectrofluorimetry.

Results:
Concentrations of BAs were extensive in the varicosities of PP and SST on the 10th day. However, the
highest BA concentrations were found in structural elements of PP in the uterine mesometrium in the initial
days of postpartum. In mesenteric MC, serotonin and catecholamines were at the highest concentration on the
10th day of postpartum. Histamines peaked on the 6th day.

Conclusion:
SDP and SDT were increased significantly in all structural elements of uterine nerve fibers in the
uterine body and cervix compared to SDP in mesentery. Considering that catecholamines and serotonin are antagonists
in many aspects of their biological action, the ratio of BAs should be well-balanced to maintain anabolic-
catabolic equilibrium in the rat uterus.
Piecing the Fragments Together: Dynamical Insights into the Enhancement
of BRD4-BD1 (BET Protein) Druggability in Cancer Chemotherapy
Using Novel 8-methyl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-1(2H)-one Derivatives
Authors: Akawa Oluwole B. , Soremekun Opeyemi S. , Olotu Fisayo A. , Solima Mahmoud E.S. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Fragment-based drug discovery in recent times has been explored in the
design of highly potent therapeutics.

Methods:
In this study, we explored the inhibitory dynamics of Compound 38 (Cpd38), a newly synthesized
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 bromodomain 1 (BRD4-BD1) protein inhibitor derived
from the synthetic coupling of Fragment 47 (Fgt47) into ABBV-075 scaffold. Using dynamic simulation
methods, we unraveled the augmentative effects of chemical fragmentation on improved BRD4-
BD1 inhibition.

Results:
Findings from this study revealed that although Fgt47 exhibited a considerable ΔGbind, its
incorporation into the difluoro-phenoxy pyridine scaffold (Cpd38) notably enhanced the binding
affinity. Time-based analyses of interaction dynamics further revealed that the bulkiness of Cpd38
favored its interaction at the BRD4-BD1 active site relative to the fragment.
Strikingly, compared to Fgt47, Cpd38 demonstrated high mobility, which could have enabled it to
bind optimally and complementarily with key residues of the active site such as Ile146, Asn140,
Cys136, Tyr98, Leu94, Val87, Phe83, and Trp81.

Discussion:
On the contrary, the majority of these interactions were gradually lost in Fgt47, which
could further indicate the essence of coupling it with the difluoro-phenoxy pyridine scaffold. Furthermore,
Cpd38 had a more altering effect on BRD4-BDI relative to Fgt47, which could also be a
result of its higher inhibitory activity.

Conclusion:
Conclusively, the design of highly potent therapeutics could be facilitated by the incorporation
of pharmacologically active small molecule fragments into the scaffold of existing drugs.
RNA sensors as a mechanism of innate immune evasion among SARS-CoV2, HIV and Nipah viruses
Authors: Dixon Dalia Cicily Kattiparambil , Ratan Chameli , Nair Bhagyalakshmi , Mangalath Sabitha , Abraham Rachy , Nath Lekshmi. R. 
Published: March 2021

:
Innate immunity is the first line of defence elicited by the host immune system to fight against invading pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. From this elementary immune response, the more complex antigen-specific adaptive responses are recruited to provide a long-lasting memory against the pathogens. Innate immunity gets activated when the host cell utilizes a diverse set of receptors known as pattern recognition receptors (PRR) to recognize the viruses that have penetrated the host and respond with cellular processes like complement system, phagocytosis, cytokine release and inflammation and destruction of NK cells. Viral RNA or DNA or viral intermediate products are recognized by receptors like toll-like receptors(TLRs), nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) thereby, inducing type I interferon response (IFN) and other proinflammatory cytokines in infected cells or other immune cells. But certain viruses can evade the host innate immune response to replicate efficiently, triggering the spread of the viral infection. The present review describes the similarity in the mechanism chosen by viruses from different families -HIV, SARS-CoV2 and Nipah viruses to evade the innate immune response and how efficiently they establish the infection in the host. The review also addresses the stages of developments of various vaccines against these viral diseases and the challenges encountered by the researchers during vaccine development.
Molecular Docking Studies of Naringenin and its Protective Efficacy against
Methotrexate Induced Oxidative Tissue Injury
Authors: Guruvayoorappan Chandrasekharan , Dhanisha Suresh S. , Drishya Sudarsanan , Gangaraj Karyath P. , Rajesh Muliyar K. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Although Methotrexate (MTX) possesses a wide clinical spectrum of activity, its toxic
side effects on normal cells and drug resistance often hamper its successful outcome. Naringenin (NG) is one of
the promising bioactive flavonoids that are extensively found in grapes, citrus fruits, and fruit arils of Pithecellobium
dulce.

Objective:
Only a few experimental in vivo studies on the efficacy of NG against chemotherapeutic drugs have
been carried out. Aiming to fill this gap, the present study was carried out to characterize and identify its possible
therapeutic targets and also to explore its protective efficacy against MTX-induced tissue damage.

Methods:
Oxidative stress was induced in mice with MTX (20 mg/kg B.wt), and animals were orally administered
with 10 mg/kg B.wt NG for 10 consecutive days. On day 11, all animals were sacrificed, and hematological
and serum biochemical parameters were analyzed. The anti-oxidant efficacy of NG against MTX was evaluated
by quantifying tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutatione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione
(GSH) and catalase along with oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO)]. Further,
the histopathological analysis was performed to confirm the protective efficacy of FPD. In silico docking
studies were also performed to exploring anti-oxidant enzyme-based targets.

Results:
Our results showed that concurrent administration of NG counteracted oxidative stress induced by
MTX, as evidenced by increased expression of anti-oxidant markers, decreased expression of renal and hepatotoxicity
serum marker enzymes (p <0.05). A molecular docking study was performed using Auto dock vina to
understand the mechanism of ligand binding (S-NG and R-NG)with anti-oxidant enzymes. The binding affinity
of S-NG with catalase, GPx, ALP, and SGPT was -10.1, -7.1, -7.1, and -7.3 kcal/mol, respectively, whereas for
R-NG was -10.8, -7.1, -7.6, and -7.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Further, histopathological analysis affirmed the protective
efficacy of NG against MTX-induced hepatic and renal toxicities.

Conclusion:
Treatment with NG significantly reduced MTX-induced pancytopenia, renal, and hepatic toxicity.
El derecho a la ciudad como derecho humano
Authors: Pacheco Acuña Vanessa María 
Published: March 2021

<p>El artículo desde sus primeras líneas, dirime el concepto del derecho a la ciudad en una, concepción pragmática. Hace un recorrido por distintos acontecimientos en la Historia que han marcado su evolución a nivel político y jurídico. De igual manera destaca la importancia de implementar el derecho a la ciudad a partir de datos reales y conocimientos interdisciplinarios, para resolver de facto los problemas que aquejan a los ciudadanos en las ciudades, a través de un modelo que procure el desarrollo urbano multidimensional, cuya planificación, tenga como núcleo, la persona y el planeta, comprendiendo las dimensiones de ciudad, sociedad y ambiente.</p>
Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance on a Nutrient-Dense, Plant-Rich (NDPR) Diet
Authors: Ferreri Deana M , Fuhrman Joel , Singer Michael D. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Obesity increases risk of diabetes, heart disease and cancer; a healthy weight reduces these risks, however weight loss efforts are prone to failure. Developing methods to promote weight loss maintenance is an important public health goal. We report on weight loss maintenance in individuals who followed a nutrient-dense, plant-rich (NDPR) diet. NDPR guidelines focus on increasing micronutrient density and avoidance of processed, highly palatable foods.
Methods: Patients of a private family medical practice and members of a NDPR diet internet community (2273) completed an online survey providing information on length of time following a NDPR diet and body weight at several time points.
Results: In respondents with pre-diet BMI ≥ 25 who had been following a NDPR diet for at least 2 years, those who reported adhering to NDPR guidelines in at least 80% of meals lost significantly more weight than those reporting lower adherence. Weight lost during year 1 was maintained at 2 and 3 years, and in respondents with initial BMI in the obese range (≥ 30), those losses were significantly greater in respondents who reported at least 80% adherence compared to 50-79% (56 lb. vs. 34 lb.) at 3 years. Between 1 year and 3 years, a low rate (19%) of weight regain ( ≥ 5 lb.) was reported among respondents 80-100% adherent to NDPR guidelines.
Conclusions: Weight loss and maintenance for a period of 3 years was observed in this self-selected group, and respondents who reported 80-100% adherence lost significantly more weight than those who reported 50-79% adherence to NDPR guidelines. Individuals achieved substantially greater weight loss than that commonly observed in weight loss intervention studies. An intervention study, which would provide further insight into the influence of the NDPR guidelines on weight loss and maintenance, is warranted.
OPTIMALISASI FUNGSI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN BISNIS KULINER
Authors: Akifah Andi 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana media sosial dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan bisnis, termasuk mengeksplorasi fungsi dan fitur dalam media sosial yang digunakan oleh pelaku bisnis dalam menjalankan roda bisnisnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data observasi dan wawancara mendalam.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sejumlah media sosial, penggunaan websiate khusus perusahaan tidak lagi menjadi prioritas dalam pemilihan media. Hal ini dikarenakan banyaknya jejaring sosial yang bermunculan dengan menawarkan berbagai fitur menarik yang lumayan efektif dan efisien dalam menjangkau dan mempromosikan produk. Adapun yang mendasari pemilihan media sosial yang digunakan bagi pelaku bisnis kuliner dalam mempromosikan usahanya yaitu berdasarkan tingkat kepopuleran media, jumlah follower yang dimiliki oleh akun grup public, fungsi aplikasi yang ditawarkan serta efektifitas media dalam menjangkau konsumen. Sementara dari segi penggunaan, para pelaku bisnis cenderung memaksimalkan segala fitur dan fungsi yang disediakan oleh media sosial.
Filosofía y conductismo. Una relación lógica, ontológica, epistemológica y existencial
Authors: Nava Bedolla José 
Published: March 2021

El objetivo central de la presente investigación consistió en analizar el tipo de relaciones que se pueden establecer entre la filosofía y la teoría conductista aplicada a la educación. Se partió del supuesto de que las mentadas relaciones se establecen en el sentido de que el motor que promueve los principios de la ciencia o del conocimiento que se utilizan para elaborar los discursos de la teoría conductista son las necesidades existenciales, epistemológicas, ontológicas y lógicas del sujeto cognoscente dependiendo de circunstancias de modo, tiempo y lugar.
Se trató de un estudio de tipo metacientífico, es decir, epistemológico. Se pretendió hacer ciencia de la ciencia o, lo que es lo mismo, conocimiento del conocimiento para apreciar los alcances y limitaciones de la teoría conductista aplicada a la educación en relación con la idea de filosofía. En un primer movimiento, se reelaboró la “definición” de la categoría denominada con la palabra filosofía. En segundo lugar, se reconstruyó el mapeo de la idea enunciada con el término teoría conductista. Finalmente, se establecieron las relaciones entre la filosofía y la teoría conductista, a partir de las necesidades existenciales del sujeto cognoscente.
Los resultados revelan la existencia de una relación o correspondencia entre la filosofía y la teoría conductista aplicada a la educación en términos de necesidades existenciales, epistemológicas, ontológicas y lógicas del sujeto cognoscente. Lo anterior permite concluir, entre otras cosas, que el mapeo del concepto mencionado con la voz conductismo se establece en términos de alguna definición de la noción mentada con la voz filosofía que determina la utilización de ciertos principios del conocimiento o de la ciencia dependiendo de las necesidades lógicas, ontológicas, epistemológicas y existenciales del sujeto cognoscente de la teoría conductista. Así, es posible sospechar que toda teoría, además de no ser neutral, está determinada por las necesidades mencionadas.