bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiver perspectives on the impact of uncertainty on the everyday lives of autistic children and their families
Authors: Goodwin Jane , Rob Priyanka , Freeston Mark , Garland Deborah , Grahame Victoria , Kernohan Ashleigh , Labus Marie , Osborne Malcolm , Parr Jeremy R , Wright Catharine , Rodgers Jacqui 
Published: July 2021

Approximately 50% of autistic children experience high anxiety. Intolerance of uncertainty (tendency to react negatively to uncertain situations) is a key mechanism in the development and maintenance of anxiety. This study aimed to provide a descriptive, thematic analysis of the impact on uncertainty on the daily lives of autistic children and their families. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents and caregivers of 53 autistic children (including 3 dyads) aged 6–16 years to elicit examples of uncertain situations that the children found challenging and to explore the impact of these situations on family life. Thematic analysis revealed five overarching themes: child’s reactions to uncertainty, trying to reduce uncertainty, the impact of difficulties with uncertainty, the impact of uncertainty on parenting and the impact on parents. These findings provide a crucial understanding into the range of uncertain situations autistic children with anxiety experience. Anxiety-reduction approaches based on increasing tolerance to everyday uncertain situations could help improve well-being, quality of life and participation for autistic children and their families. Lay abstract Anxiety is common in autistic children. Research shows that this may be related to intolerance of uncertainty, which is a tendency to react negatively to uncertain situations. Understanding when, why and how autistic children respond to uncertainty is important in the development of anxiety programmes. We asked 53 (including 3 dyads) parents of autistic children about the types of uncertain situations that cause difficulties for their child and how uncertainty impacts on daily life for them and their families. We found that uncertain situations made autistic children and their families feel sad, worried, frustrated and angry through the themes: child’s reactions to uncertainty, trying to reduce uncertainty, the impact of difficulties with uncertainty, the impact of uncertainty on parenting and the impact on parents. There are lots of situations that are anxiety provoking for autistic children because of uncertainty, such as school. Programmes to reduce anxiety and increase autistic children’s ability to cope with everyday uncertain situations could improve quality of life for autistic children and their families.
The role of morphological similarity in lexical activation and unintentional transfer
Authors: Fuster Carles , Neuser Hannah 
Published: July 2021

Aims: Within the current multilingual paradigm shift, transfer is increasingly conceptualised not only as an unintentional mechanism of “interference”, but also as an intentional mechanism used as a learner strategy. However, very little is known from an empirical perspective about (un)intentionality in transfer. This article builds on an exploratory study which suggested that background language words that fit well within the morphological constraints of the target language are highly activated during target language use and, consequently, likely to transfer unintentionally. The present study tests whether the correlation between morphological similarity and unintentionality in lexical transfer is statistically significant Methodology: A quasi-Poisson regression analysis was employed to test the significance of morphological similarity on the amount of unintentional transfer in the written production of Spanish by 78 highly multilingual school students, when tested together with additional variables (number of languages known, proficiency in the target and source languages, frequency of use, first language/second language status and psychotypology) that have also been proposed to affect lexical activation and transfer. Data and analysis: A picture-story description task was used to elicit written transfer. When a learner reported – introspectively or retrospectively – a word to have been transferred from a background language, this word was coded as an instance of intentional transfer. Reversely, non-target-like words traced back to a background language by the authors that were not commented on by the learner were coded as instances of unintentional transfer. Findings: A strongly significant ( p < 0.001), positive correlation was found between the amount of unintentional transfer and morphological similarity. A negative trend ( p < 0.1) was also found between amount of unintentional transfer and number of languages known by learners. Theoretical implications are discussed. Originality: This is one of few studies shedding light on (un)intentionality in transfer. It is also one of few studies to employ regression analysis to investigate the effect of several variables on transfer. Significance: The study provides empirical evidence to substantiate theoretical accounts of lexical activation. First, the results show that morphological similarity indeed seems to be the primary variable leading to high levels of cross-lexical activation and, second, the results show how highly activated words are more likely to be transferred unintentionally, further supporting these theoretical accounts.
Survival rates and reasons for revision of different stem designs in total hip arthroplasty for developmental dysplasia: a regional registry study
Authors: Di Martino Alberto , Castagnini Francesco , Stefanini Niccolò , Bordini Barbara , Geraci Giuseppe , Pilla Federico , Traina Francesco , Faldini Cesare 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in dysplastic hips is challenging, and each specific implant used in this context has been associated with specific complications. A registry study was performed to query survival rates, hazard ratios, and reasons for revision of different stem designs in THAs after developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Materials and methods
A regional arthroplasty registry was inquired about cementless THAs performed for hip dysplasia from 2000 to 2017. Patients were stratified according to stem design in tapered (TAP; wedge and rectangular), anatomic (ANAT), and conical (CON), and divided on the basis of modularity (modular, M; nonmodular, NM). In total, 2039 TAP stems (548 M and 1491 NM), 1435 ANAT (1072 M and 363 NM), and 2287 CON (1020 M and 1267 NM) implants were included. Survival rates and reasons for revisions were compared.

Results
The groups were homogeneous for demographics, but not fully comparable in terms of implant features. NM-CON stems showed the highest risk of failure (significant) and a high risk for cup aseptic loosening (2.5%). The adjusted risk ratio showed that NM-CON was more prone to failure (HR versus NM-ANAT: 3.30; 95%CI 1.64–7.87; p = 0.0003). Revision rates for dislocations and stem aseptic loosening did not differ between cohorts.

Conclusions
NM-CON stems showed the highest risk of failure, especially high rates of cup aseptic loosening. NM-CON implants were not more prone to dislocations and stem aseptic loosening. Clinical comparative studies are required to investigate the causes of NM-CON failures, which may be due to abnormal acetabular morphology or imperfect restoration of the proximal biomechanics.
Arthroscopic incidence of lateral meniscal root avulsion in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Ciatti Riccardo , Gabrielli Armando , Iannella Germando , Mariani Pier Paolo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
To arthroscopically evaluate the incidence of lateral meniscal root avulsion (LMRA) and associated intra-articular injuries in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Materials and Methods
From April 2014 to March 2017, 532 consecutive patients were diagnosed as having an ACL injury and underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. The diagnosis of LMRA was made arthroscopically. The effects of gender, activity, grade of laxity, time from injury, and concomitant meniscal lesions were analyzed.

Results
Among 532 patients, 497 (93.4%) underwent primary ACL reconstruction and 35 (6.5%) underwent revision procedures. 383 were acute or subacute injuries (less than 6 months from injury to surgery) and 149 chronic (more than 6 months). Average age was 30.4 years (DS: ± 11.04); there were 422 (79.3%) males and 110 (20.6%) females. A LMRA associated with the ACL injury was detected in 72 cases (13.5%), with a significant prevalence observed in males ($${\chi ^2}$$

χ
2

= 4.65; P = 0.031, statistically significant). In the 149 patients with a chronic injury, 27 patients had LMRA (18.1%), while 45 of the 383 patients with an acute or subacute injury had LMRA (11.7%). There was a tendency, albeit not significant ($${\chi ^2}$$

χ
2

= 3.721; P = 0.054), for the prevalence to increase with time since the initial ACL injury. LMRA was significantly associated ($${\chi ^2}$$

χ
2

= 7.81; P = 0.006) with a meniscocapsular tear of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (ramp lesion). No other significant associations, such as with severity of A-P translation (as measured by KT-2000) or activity level, were detected.

Conclusion
LMRA is a relatively common injury associated with both acute and chronic ACL tears. A relatively high incidence in cases of chronic ACL insufficiency suggests that LMRAs do not heal spontaneously or that they may appear with time, even when absent at the time of the initial injury.

Level of evidence
Level III, cross-sectional study.
Testicular fixation and its effect on ipsilateral and contralateral testis in prepubertal rat model
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Srinivas M. , Mallick Saumyaranjan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
While performing orchidopexy, various suture materials or fibrin glues are used to achieve testicular fixation. This study was designed to assess the histological changes in testis after orchidopexy using fibrin glue and suture material.

Methods
Male Wistar rats (n = 80) were divided randomly into four groups. Group I, (n = 20): sham operation, Group II (n = 20): Dartos Pouch (DP), Group III (n = 20): Transtunical fixation (TF), Group IV (n = 20): Tissue Adhesive (TA). Ipsilateral and contralateral testicular histology was assessed at 70 and 120 days of life after sacrificing animals by using thiopental sodium intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg.

Results
Morphologically, at day 70, contralateral testis in Group III had a significant (p value 0.046) decrease testicular width (0.92 ± 0.01 vs 1.24 ± 0.39 cm). At 120 of life, Group I, II, III, and IV had a significant (p value < 0.001 each) decrease testicular width and weight in ipsilateral and decrease testicular length (p value 0.002) in contralateral testis. Histologically, mean seminiferous tubular diameter and DNA flow cytometry had a significant (p value < 0.001) decrease in size in Group I, II, III, and IV both ipsilateral as well as contralateral testis. Intergroup comparison at 70 and 120 days of life showed a significant decrease in seminiferous tubular diameter in Group II, III and IV and in Johnsen maturation score, seminiferous tubular diameter, DNA flow cytometry in Group I, II, III, and IV.

Conclusions
Dartos Pouch is most suitable procedure for treatment of orchidopexy. Suture fixation must be avoided and if the need arises then instead of suture materials, fibrin glue should be used for testicular fixation.
Discovery of fibrillar adhesins across bacterial species
Authors: Monzon Vivian , Lafita Aleix , Bateman Alex 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Fibrillar adhesins are long multidomain proteins that form filamentous structures at the cell surface of bacteria. They are an important yet understudied class of proteins composed of adhesive and stalk domains that mediate interactions of bacteria with their environment. This study aims to characterize fibrillar adhesins in a wide range of bacterial phyla and to identify new fibrillar adhesin-like proteins to improve our understanding of host-bacteria interactions.

Results
Through careful literature and computational searches, we identified 82 stalk and 27 adhesive domain families in fibrillar adhesins. Based on the presence of these domains in the UniProt Reference Proteomes database, we identified and analysed 3,542 fibrillar adhesin-like proteins across species of the most common bacterial phyla. We further enumerate the adhesive and stalk domain combinations found in nature and demonstrate that fibrillar adhesins have complex and variable domain architectures, which differ across species. By analysing the domain architecture of fibrillar adhesins, we show that in Gram positive bacteria, adhesive domains are mostly positioned at the N-terminus and cell surface anchors at the C-terminus of the protein, while their positions are more variable in Gram negative bacteria. We provide an open repository of fibrillar adhesin-like proteins and domains to enable further studies of this class of bacterial surface proteins.

Conclusion
This study provides a domain-based characterization of fibrillar adhesins and demonstrates that they are widely found in species across the main bacterial phyla. We have discovered numerous novel fibrillar adhesins and improved our understanding of pathogenic adhesion and invasion mechanisms.
The CaCA superfamily genes in Saccharum: comparative analysis and their functional implications in response to biotic and abiotic stress
Authors: Su Weihua , Zhang Chang , Wang Dongjiao , Ren Yongjuan , Sun Tingting , Feng Jingfang , Su Yachun , Xu Liping , Shi Mutian , Que Youxiong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
In plants, Calcium (Ca2+) acts as a universal messenger in various signal transduction pathways, including responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and regulation of cellular and developmental processes. The Ca2+/cation antiporter (CaCA) superfamily proteins play vital roles in the transport of Ca2+ and/or other cations. However, the characteristics of these superfamily members in Saccharum and their evolutionary and functional implications have remained unclear.

Results
A total of 34 CaCA genes in Saccharum spontaneum, 5 CaCA genes in Saccharum spp. R570, and 14 CaCA genes in Sorghum bicolor were identified and characterized. These genes consisted of the H+/cation exchanger (CAX), cation/Ca2+ exchanger (CCX), EF-hand / CAX (EFCAX), and Mg2+/H+ exchanger (MHX) families, among which the CCX and EFCAX could be classified into three groups while the CAX could be divided into two groups. The exon/intron structures and motif compositions suggested that the members in the same group were highly conserved. Synteny analysis of CaCAs established their orthologous and paralogous relationships among the superfamily in S. spontaneum, R570, and S. bicolor. The results of protein-protein interactions indicated that these CaCA proteins had direct or indirect interactions. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that most members of Saccharum CaCA genes exhibited a similar expression pattern in response to hormonal (abscisic acid, ABA) treatment but played various roles in response to biotic (Sporisorium scitamineum) and abiotic (cold) stresses. Furthermore, ScCAX4, a gene encoding a cytoplasm, plasma membrane and nucleus positioning protein, was isolated from sugarcane. This gene was constitutively expressed in different sugarcane tissues and its expression was only induced at 3 and 6 h time points after ABA treatment, however was inhibited and indued in the whole process under cold and S. scitamineum stresses, respectively.

Conclusions
This study systematically conducted comparative analyses of CaCA superfamily genes among S. spontaneum, R570, and S. bicolor, delineating their sequence and structure characteristics, classification, evolutionary history, and putative functions. These results not only provided rich gene resources for exploring the molecular mechanism of the CaCA superfamily genes but also offered guidance and reference for research on other gene families in Saccharum.
Genome-wide analysis of MYB transcription factors of Vaccinium corymbosum and their positive responses to drought stress
Authors: Wang Aibin , Liang Kehao , Yang Shiwen , Cao Yibo , Wang Lei , Zhang Ming , Zhou Jing , Zhang Lingyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlueberry (Vaccinium corymbosumL.) is an important species with a high content of flavonoids in fruits. As a perennial shrub, blueberry is characterized by shallow-rooted property and susceptible to drought stress. MYB transcription factor was reported to be widely involved in plant response to abiotic stresses, however, the role of MYB family in blueberry responding to drought stress remains elusive.ResultsIn this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of VcMYBs in blueberry based on the genome data under drought stress, including phylogenetic relationship, identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), expression profiling, conserved motifs, expression correlation and protein-protein interaction prediction, etc. The results showed that 229 non-redundant MYB sequences were identified in the blueberry genome, and divided into 23 subgroups. A total of 102 MYB DEGs with a significant response to drought stress were identified, of which 72 in leaves and 69 in roots, and 8 differential expression genes with a > 20-fold change in the level of expression. 17 DEGs had a higher expression correlation with other MYB members. The interaction partners of the key VcMYB proteins were predicted by STRING analysis and in combination with physiological and morphological observation. 10 keyVcMYBgenes such asVcMYB8, VcMYB102andVcMYB228were predicted to be probably involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway, and 7 keyVcMYBgenes (VcMYB41,VcMYB88andVcMYB100, etc..) probably participated in leaf regulation under drought treatment.ConclusionsOur studies provide a new understanding of the regulation mechanism ofVcMYBfamily in blueberry response to drought stress, and lay fundamental support for future studies on blueberry grown in regions with limited water supply for this crop.
Diversity of culturable bacteria endowed with antifungal metabolites biosynthetic characteristics associated with tea rhizosphere soil of Assam, India
Authors: Dutta Jintu , Thakur Debajit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Rhizosphere soil is a crucial niche for the diverse beneficial microbial communities in plant-microbe interactions. This study explores the antagonistic potential and diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacteria from commercial tea estates of Assam, India which comes under the Indo-Burma mega-biodiversity hotspot. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from six different tea estates to isolate the bacteria. The bacterial isolates were subjected to evaluate for the antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens. The potential isolates were investigated for chitinase production and the presence of chitinase gene. The bacterial genetic diversity was studied by Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) and BOX-PCR fingerprinting.

Results
A total of 217 rhizobacteria were isolated from tea rhizosphere soil, out of which 50 isolates exhibited the potential antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens. Among them, 12 isolates showed extracellular chitinase activity and the presence of chitinase genes. The chitinase genes were sequenced and the analysis of the sequences was performed by using PDB protein databank at the amino acid level. It showed the presence of ChiA and ChiA74 gene in the 6 most potent isolates which are involved in the hydrolysis of chitin. These isolates also exhibited antagonistic activity against all tested fungal pathogens. The diversity of 50 antagonistic bacterial isolates were analyzed through ARDRA and BOX-PCR fingerprinting. Diversity analysis and molecular identification of the rhizosphere isolates revealed that these antagonistic isolates predominantly belonged to the genus Bacillus followed by Enterobacter, Serratia, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Burkholderia.

Conclusion
The present study establishes that rhizobacteria isolated from the poorly explored tea rhizosphere soil could be a rich reservoir for the investigation of potential antagonistic bacterial candidates for sustainable agricultural and industrial applications.
Electrical storm after correction of an uncomplicated congenital atrial septal defect in an adult: a case report
Authors: Liang Ying , Hei Feilong , Guan Yulong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a paucity of published literature describing electrical storm after the correction of uncomplicated atrial septal defect (ASD) in an adult.

Case presentation
We present a 49-year-old woman with a congenital ASD combined with mild tricuspid regurgitation who denied any history of arrhythmia or other medical history. She suffered from electrical storm (≥ 3 episodes of ventricular tachycardias or ventricular fibrillations) in the early stage after ASD repair with combined tricuspid valvuloplasty. During electrical storm, her electrolytes were within normal ranges and no ischemic electrocardiographic changes were detected, which suggested that retained air embolism or acute coronary thrombosis were unlikely. Additionally, echocardiographic findings and her central venous pressure (5–8 mmHg during the interval between attacks) failed to support the diagnosis of pericardial tamponade. After a thorough discussion, the surgeons conducted an emergent re-exploration and repeated closure of the ASD with combined DeVega's annuloplasty. Eventually, the patient recovered uneventfully, without reoccurring arrhythmias during follow-up. Although we fail to determine the definite cause, we speculate that the causes probably are iatrogenic injury of the conduction system due to a rare anatomic variation, poor intraoperative protection, latent coronary distortion during tricuspid valvuloplasty, or idiopathic or secondary abnormalities of the conduction system.

Conclusions
For most surgeons, performing re-exploration without a known etiology is a difficult decision to make. This case illustrates that re-exploration could be an option when electrical storm occurs in the early stage postoperatively. Nevertheless, surgeons should assess the benefit-risk ratio when taking this unconventional measure.