bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 creating challenges in a rehabilitation facility in Australia: A discussion paper
Authors: Green Janet , Vallance Joanne , Choong Rebekah , McBride Georgina , Arockiam Jeyanthi , Monaghan Sarah Jane , Prasad Sushma , Jones Linda K. 
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about many challenges and alterations to long-standing procedures within rehabilitation facilities. These updates of the processes undertaken by staff in such settings have been radical and ongoing. COVID-19 impact on the healthcare system should never be underestimated nor under appreciated. The impact that this pandemic has had on rehabilitation care is unique. This has been the catalyst to identifying significant challenges and subsequent changes within rehabilitation and mental health practices. Social measures that have been implemented in the community have had exaggerated and magnified effects both on the physical and mental wellbeing of rehabilitation and mental health patients. Over the course of these adaptations and implementations, impacts on communication, mental health, workload and care efficiencies were identified and explored. This paper is unique because different disciplines have shared their experiences of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and how they provide rehabilitation. The paper will focus on the communication challenges using masks, not being able to engage families and carers, restriction of group therapies, social isolation of patients and healthcare workers while adhering to guidelines set by NSW Health (Sydney, Australia).
Knowledge and Opinion on Cannabinoids Among Orthopaedic Traumatologists
Authors: Chin Garwin , Etiz Brent A. F. , Nelson Ariana M. , Lim Philip K. , Scolaro John A. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Cannabinoids are an increasingly popular therapy among orthopaedic patients for musculoskeletal conditions. A paucity of evidence to support their use in orthopaedics exists, likely because of the incongruence of federal and state legalization and the stigma surrounding cannabis. The purpose of this study is to elucidate sentiments and knowledge base of the orthopaedic trauma community with regard to cannabinoid-containing compounds.

Methods:
A 21-question online survey was distributed to the members of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association with a response window of 3 months.

Results:
We evaluated 251 responses. Most (88%) of the respondents did not believe that they were knowledgeable about the mechanism of action of cannabis/cannabidiol (CBD) but did feel that cannabis or CBD products play a role in managing postoperative pain (73%). Most respondents did not believe that they would be stigmatized if they suggested CBD (83%) or cannabis (67%) to patients. Despite this, fewer respondents have suggested CBD (38%) or cannabis (29%) to their patients.

Conclusions:
Sentiment toward cannabinoids among orthopaedic traumatologists is remarkably favorable; however, in-depth understanding is admittedly poor and routine use is uncommon. More clinical research for cannabinoids is needed to help orthopaedic traumatologists provide guidance for patients seeking advice for this recently popular therapeutic.
Niet gelijktijdig (consecutief) vervolgen binnen hetzelfde feitencomplex
Authors: Kesteloo A.N. (André) 
Published: April 2021

Niet gelijktijdig (consecutief) vervolgen binnen hetzelfde feitencomplex
Naar aanleiding van de onderzoeken 13Biscoe en 13Quebec en de daaruit voortkomende uitspraken van de rechtbank Amsterdam worden in deze bijdrage de mogelijke gevolgen beschreven van het niet gelijktijdig vervolgen voor eerst overige gepleegde misdrijven en later voor artikel 140 Sr of andersom, terwijl de misdrijven en artikel 140 Sr wel gaan over hetzelfde feitencomplex. De auteur besteedt hierbij bijzondere aandacht aan de beginselen van een behoorlijke procesorde.
Reduzindo iniquidades
Authors: Coelho Neto Rogerio Luz 
Published: April 2021

Nesse artigo se desenvolve uma defesa para a reabertura das escolas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Devido ao avanço do conhecimento da pandemia, atualmente, sabemos que crianças se infectam menos e são menos infecciosas que os adultos pelo vírus SARS-Cov-2. O fechamento de escolas como única forma de isolamento social não parece efetivo em diminuir a transmissão comunitária, nem a redução da curva de utilização de leitos ou de UTI por COVID-19. Faria sentido as escolas fechadas sendo associado a outras formas de mitigação da transmissão e se isso fosse incentivado por uma comunicação objetiva e clara por parte dos agentes governamentais. Como isso não ocorre e o isolamento não está sendo seguido pela população em geral, o fechamento das escolas só traz prejuízo para as crianças, em especial as mais vulneráveis. Este artigo conclui que protocolos de reabertura segura e informada das escolas deveriam ser imediatamente considerados.
DNA Sequencing to Evaluate Nail Pathogens: An Investigation into Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Love Ebony , Furmanek Jonathan D. , Foote Courtney M. , McGuire James , Labbad Ziad 
Published: April 2021

Background
It is well established and accepted that fungi are a major contributing factor in nail dystrophy. It has also been recognized that bacteria play a crucial role in onycholysis. However, the bacteria and fungi that can be grown on culture media in the laboratory are only a small fraction of the total diversity that exists in nature. Contemporary studies have revealed that fungi and bacteria often form physically and metabolically interdependent consortia that harbor properties and pathogenicity distinct from those of their individual components. Metagenomic DNA “shotgun” sequencing has proved useful in determining microbial etiology in clinical samples, effective for not only bacteria but also fungi, archaea, and viruses.

Methods
Thirty-nine consecutive nail and subungual debris samples with suspected onychomycosis were sent for laboratory analysis using three examination techniques: DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction analysis, and standard fungal culture. The nail plate and surrounding areas were disinfected with an ethyl alcohol swab before nail sampling. Samples from 16 patients were analyzed for suspected onychomycosis with DNA sequencing, searching a database of 25,000 known pathogens. These results were compared with 15 real-time polymerase chain reaction screening assays and eight fungal cultures sampled with the same methods.

Results
The DNA sequencing detected 32 species of bacteria and 28 species of fungi: 50% were solely bacterial, 6.3% were solely fungal, and 43.7% were mixed communities of bacteria and fungi.

Conclusions
Toenails tested with DNA sequencing demonstrated the presence of both bacteria and fungi in many samples. Further work is required to fully investigate its relevance to nail pathology and treatment.
Prediction and analysis of novel key genes ITGAX, LAPTM5, SERPINE1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Sui Yingli , Lu Kun , Fu Lin 
Published: April 2021

Background
Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most aggressive subtype of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) with high metastasis and recurrence rates. This study aims to find new potential key genes of CCRCC.

Methods
Four gene expression profiles (GSE12606, GSE53000, GSE68417, and GSE66272) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The TCGA KIRC data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Using GEO2R, the differentially expressed genes (DEG) in CCRCC tissues and normal samples were analyzed. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed in DAVID database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the hub gene was predicted by STRING and Cytoscape. GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases were used for further screening of Key genes. Expression verification and survival analysis of key genes were performed using TCGA database, GEPIA database, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of key genes in CCRCC, which is plotted by R software based on TCGA database. UALCAN database was used to analyze the relationship between key genes and clinical pathology in CCRCC and the methylation level of the promoter of key genes in CCRCC.

Results
A total of 289 up-regulated and 449 down-regulated genes were identified based on GSE12606, GSE53000, GSE68417, and GSE66272 profiles in CCRCC. The upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched with protein binding and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, whereas down-regulated genes were enriched with the integral component of the membrane and metabolic pathways. Next, the top 35 genes were screened out from the PPI network according to Degree, and three new key genes ITGAX, LAPTM5 and SERPINE1 were further screened out through survival and prognosis analysis. Further results showed that the ITGAX, LAPTM5, and SERPINE1 levels in CCRCC tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues and were associated with poor prognosis. ROC curve shows that ITGAX, LAPTM5, and SERPINE1 have good diagnostic value with good specificity and sensitivity. The promoter methylation levels of ITGAX, LAPTM5 and SERPINE1 in CCRCC tumor tissues were significantly lower than those in normal tissues. We also found that key genes were associated with clinical pathology in CCRCC.

Conclusion
ITGAX, LAPTM5, and SERPINE1 were identified as novel key candidate genes that could be used as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for CCRCC.
Factors of the Prevalence of COVID-19 for Females in Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Yenew 
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia is a global epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Amhara Region is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara people. The main objective of this study was to identify factors of the prevalence of COVID-19 for females in Amhara region. The data set was obtained from Amhara Public Health Institute 2020. A negative Binomial regression model was conducted to find out the determinants of the prevalence of COVID-19 for females. Out of 5,627 confirmed cases, 96 patients have died and 1,483 confirmed cases were females from 138 daily reports. Number of recovered COVID-19 cases ( = -0.4566332, 95%CI: (-0.7364772, -0.1767892), P-value < 0.05), severe cases ( = 1.038589, 95%CI: (0.7531619, 1.324017), P-value < 0.05), total deaths ( = 0.5164175, 95% CI: (0.1438362, 0.8889987), P-value <0.05) and the average age of patients per day ( = 1.511936, 95% C.I: (0.9220257, 2.101846), P-value < 0.05 ) were statistically significant factors for the confirmed case of COVID-19 for females in Amhara region. Above 30 average age of patients per day, below 19 number of recovered cases, above 12 number of severe cases, and above two number of deaths are optimally high-risk factors of confirmed cases of COVID-19 for females.
Effect of the Different Surface Coatings and Packaging Materials for Shelf Life and Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) CV. Allahabad Safeda
Authors: Saharika Sirisilla , Joshi Veena , Prasanth P. , Vijaya D. 
Published: April 2021

Aims: To evaluate the potentiality of surface coatings and packaging for achieving extended shelf life with enhance fruit quality attributes in Guava under ambient storage condition.
Study Design: The lab experiment conducted in complete randomized design three replications on Allahabad safeda of Guava.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted during November 2019 at College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.
Methodology: Guava freshly harvested fruits were coated with two different coatings Chitosan (1%), Aloe vera gel (25%) and three different packaging materials viz., Polypropylene 100 gauge, HDPE 50 microns and LDPE 50 microns comprising of six treatments with four replications in Completely Randomized Design. Periodically effects of surface coatings were observed for physiological loss in weight, Shelf Life (days), Firmness (Kg/cm2), Total Soluble Solids (%), Titrable Acidity (%), Ascorbic Acid (mg/100g), Total Sugars (%), Reducing Sugars (%), Non-Reducing Sugars (%).
Results: With respect to physical parameters, lowest decay percent (13.28%), minimum PLW (14.61%) was recorded in T2- Chitosan 1% + HDPE 50 microns and highest was recorded in T6- Aloe vera 25% + LDPE 50 microns (15.49% &18.80%) on 12th day of storage. Highest shelf life (12.91 days) was recorded in T2- Chitosan 1% + HDPE 50 microns which was at par with T5- Aloe vera 25%+ HDPE 50 microns (12.89 days) and lowest shelf life (11.25 days) was recorded in T1 - Chitosan 1% + PP 100 gauge. Highest TSS (10.33oB), From this study it could be concluded that surface coatings, packaging materials found to have influence on the shelf life and quality of guava. Among the packaging materials HDPE 50 microns was superior followed by PP 50 microns and LDPE 100 gauge.
Conclusion: The combined effect of surface coatings and packaging materials revealed that T2- Chitosan 1% + HDPE 50 microns followed by T5- Aloe vera 25%+ HDPE 50 microns were found to be superior over other treatments with respect to physical, shelf life and quality parameters.
COVID-19 Disease in the Paediatric Population: A Cross Sectional Study at the University Teaching Hospital in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Yaguo-Ide L. E. , Eke G. K. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Globally, there has been a destruction of human lives, economies and health systems by the novel corona virus pandemic. Presently there is no known certain cure, although a number of vaccines have been proposed to prevent the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which was first seen as increasing number of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative organism.
Objectives: To screen paediatric patients for COVID-19 at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and to know their pattern of presentation.
Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, not controlled, over a period of six weeks, using interviewer administered structured questionnaire which was adapted and used at the Accident and Emergency Department for patients triaging as a COVID-19 Risk assessment tool. No action was required for a score of 0-7, while admission into COVID-19 holding area following review by IDU was recommended for a score 8 ≥17. All children brought into the department, requiring treatment were screened.
Results: There were 131 patients, 74 (56.5%) males and 56 (42.7%) females, with a mean age 7.2 ± 5.41 years. Male: Female ratio was 1.3:1. Four children (3%) had a total score of ≥ 8, while half of them (n=2; 50%) tested positive for COVID-19, giving a disease prevalence of 1.5%. Both cases were females; fever and difficulty in breathing were the commonest symptoms. No mortality was recorded.
Conclusions: COVID-19 prevalence is low in children, and they have a good outcome. A community-based study is recommended.
Prime Risk Factors to Act as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Verma Manish Kr , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Anand Narayan , Sharma Preeti , Kumar Suman , Singh Desh Deepak , Verma Poonam , Sharma Rachna 
Published: April 2021

Aims: This study was done to find out retrospective case-control with respect to myocardial infarction diagnosis on the basis of biochemical markers and lipid profile characteristics.
Design and Setting: This study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry and sample collection at LPS Institute of Cardiology & Cardiac Surgery Department, Kanpur.
Methods: The total number of subjects participated in this study (n=178), of either sex (with age>65years) were included in this study from the case collected from Outpatient Department (OPD) and Indoor Patient Department (IPD) and control from patients attendant, which consisted of two subject groups: The group I: myocardial infarction (cases) n= 89 and Group II: Healthy Subjects (controls) n= 89. Laboratory methodology was performed to determine the prime important risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and lipid profile characteristics associated with myocardial infarction. Risk factors were analyzed by Chi-square and Pearson correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method considered significant when the critical, P <0.01level was set up, for a 95% confidence interval.
Results: Total number of (n=178) participants (males=65; mean age of 65 years, females=24, mean age of 58 years) at 95% CI were considered in this study, out of these, 89 individuals were expected to have risk of myocardial infarction (especially observed in case groups), and remaining 89 individuals were considered as control groups, all were included as, study subjects.
Conclusion: The current study concludes the importance of myocardial infarction in presence of prognostic inflammatory markers: higher IL-6 and plasma fibrinogen level, instead of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, incase and control groups.
Population Awareness and Attitude towards First Aid in Burn in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Fairaq Arwa 
Published: April 2021

Background: Worldwide, an estimated 180, 000 deaths per year are caused by burns. Majority occur in low- and middle-income countries. Inadequate awareness of burn first aid has been reported in both developed and developing countries. In Saudi Arabia, studies reported inadequate level of knowledge of general population of first aid in burns emergencies including communities of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Jeddah, Riyadh, Majmaah and Hail.
Objective: we aim to assess the general knowledge and attitude regrading burn first aid among Makkah Al-Mukarramah population. Thus, the results of this study could help to understand the need of community to more implantation of Health Awareness Campaigns to help burn injuries managements.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using an online survey. A total of 1390 participants completed the questionnaire from 15 February to 15 March 2019.
Results: Around 51.4% believed that washing burned area with cold water is the immediate first aid in 1st degree burns, 38.3% and 61.7% believed that going to the nearest emergency department is the immediate first aid in 2nd and 3rd degree burns, respectively. Around 46.7% agreed to remove the clothes stuck to the burned skin in case of burns , 34.5% applied traditional home remedy including toothpaste, honey, tomato paste or egg.
Conclusion: we found that population of western region have fair knowledge and attitude towards first aid in burns. However, traditional home remedy practice still present. Health Awareness Campaigns still needed to improve community attitude towards burn injuries managements furthermore.
Formulation and Evaluation of Eudragit Rl100 Polymeric Drug Loaded Microsponge for Ophthalmic Use
Authors: Ambikar Rajashri B. , Bhosale Ashok V. 
Published: April 2021

Aims: The aim of this work is the formulation of Eudragit RL100 polymeric microsponges. The Microsponge Delivery System is a patented technique in which there is a polymeric system consisting of porous particles.
Methodology: The ratio of Diclofenac sodium and eudragit RL100 varied from 1:1 to 13: 1 to formulate microsponge. Dichloromethane was used as internal phase and polyvinylalcohol was used as an external phase. The formed microsponges were characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug content, in vitro drug release and SEM.
Results: With increase in drug: polymer ratio there is increase in production yield from 20.04% to 72.14%, and entrapment efficiency from 20.11% to 70.77%. Drug content of formed microsponge varied between 50.18% to 91.09% whereas particle size ranged from 1.41 µm to 17.66 µm. Microsponge formulations F3, F4 and F5 showed desired particle size hence studied for further evaluation. Formulation F3, F4 and F5 showed controlled release of 89.54%, 98.5% and 98.76% respectively up to 6 hr. F3 showed more controlled release at the end of 6 hr. The drug release from microsponges was best fitted to Higuchi’s diffusion kinetics for all microsponge formulations with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The formed microsponge particles have spherical porous structure.
Conclusion: Study showed significance of Microsponge Delivery System for ophthalmic administration.
Capillary Isoelectric Focusing
Authors: Rozing Gerard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) has proven to be a very versatile separation method for characterization, identification, purity determination, and quantitation of amphoteric substances such as peptides and proteins. CIEF has become an indispensable and invaluable analytical tool in proteomics research, in the development of new biotherapeutics and in quality and process control of their manufacturing. The method is based on arranging and separating proteins according to their isoelectric point (pI), allowing to determine changes in the charge state of proteins after structural modifications such as deamidation, oxidation, isomerization, N‐terminus modification, disulfide formation, and glycosylation. Modifications that change biochemical characteristics of biotherapeutics such as their isoelectric point (pI) reduce their safety and long‐term stability, influence drug efficacy, and increase undesired immunogenicity.
Multi‐Dimensional Printing for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Qu Moyuan , Wang Canran , Zhou Xingwu , Libanori Alberto , Jiang Xing , Xu Weizhe , Zhu Songsong , Chen Qianming , Sun Wujin , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of 3D printing has significantly advanced the field of bone tissue engineering by enabling the fabrication of scaffolds that faithfully recapitulate desired mechanical properties and architectures. In addition, computer‐based manufacturing relying on patient‐derived medical images permits the fabrication of customized modules in a patient‐specific manner. In addition to conventional 3D fabrication, progress in materials engineering has led to the development of 4D printing, allowing time‐sensitive interventions such as programed therapeutics delivery and modulable mechanical features. Therapeutic interventions established via multi‐dimensional engineering are expected to enhance the development of personalized treatment in various fields, including bone tissue regeneration. Here, recent studies utilizing 3D printed systems for bone tissue regeneration are summarized and advances in 4D printed systems are highlighted. Challenges and perspectives for the future development of multi‐dimensional printed systems toward personalized bone regeneration are also discussed.