bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random heterogeneity outperforms design in network synchronization
Authors: Zhang Yuanzhao , Ocampo-Espindola Jorge L. , Kiss István Z. , Motter Adilson E. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Synchronization among interacting entities is a process that underlies the function of numerous systems, including circadian clocks and laser arrays. It is generally believed that homogeneity among the entities is beneficial for synchronization. This work shows theoretically, numerically, and experimentally that the opposite is not only possible but also common in systems with interaction delays. In such systems, heterogeneity among the entities is shown to promote synchronization, even when the heterogeneity is completely random. This finding advances our understanding of the interplay between order and disorder in the collective behavior of complex systems. We suggest that the phenomenon can be observed for diverse coupling schemes and has implications for real-world systems, where heterogeneity and delays are common and often unavoidable.
Impatiens parviflora (small balsam).
Authors: Tanner Rob 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

I. parviflora is an exceptionally successful invader of many European countries. Its spread has been rapid, it is abundant in many parts of its exotic range and is one of few plants to successfully invade undisturbed forest vegetation. It is consequently regarded as undesirable by some, though there is little evidence of negative economic, social or environmental impacts. Further spread in central Europe is not likely as the species is already very abundant. In North America, on the other hand, it is still very localized. Even without clear evidence for impacts, a further spread there should not be encouraged by deliberate or careless transport of the species.
Paspalum distichum (knotgrass).
Authors: Parker Chris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

P. distichum is a fast-growing rhizomatous grass of wet areas. It has become a major weed of rice and many other crops, as well as occurring in uncropped wetlands in both its native and introduced regions. Its introduction to Europe, Asia and the Pacific is not well documented but apparently occurred many years ago. New records are reported in e.g. Indonesia, Spain and Croatia, suggesting that it continues to spread in countries to which it has been introduced.
Surface chemistry-dependent antiviral activity of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Sinclair Terica R , van den Hengel Sanne K , Raza Brahzil G , Rutjes Saskia A , de Roda Husman Ana Maria , Peijnenburg Willie J G M , Roesink H (Erik) D W , de Vos Wiebe M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe toxicity towards viruses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been reported to be dependent on several factors such as particle concentration, size, and shape. Although these factors may indeed contribute to the toxicity of AgNPs, the results presented in this work demonstrate that surface chemistry and especially surface charge is a crucial factor governing their antiviral activity. Here, this work investigated the influence of capping agents representing various surface charges ranging from negative to positive. These AgNPs were capped with citrate, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) and (branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI). We show that AgNPs exhibited surface charge-dependent toxicity towards MS2 bacteriophages. Among the capping agents under investigation, BPEI capped AgNPs (Ag/BPEI) exhibited the highest reduction of MS2 resulting in ≥6 log10-units reductions, followed by 4–5 log10-units reductions with PVP and PEG capping’s and 3–4 log10-units with MAA and citrate cappings. Bare nanoparticles reported a mere 1–2 log10-units reduction. Electrostatic interaction between the positively charged BPEI-coating and the negatively charged virus surface played a significant role in bringing the MS2 closer to toxic silver ions (Ag+). Further results obtained from TEM showed that Ag/BPEI nanoparticles could directly damage the structure of the MS2 bacteriophages. AgNPs and cationic capping agents’ observed synergy can lead to much lower and much more efficient dosing of AgNPs for antiviral applications.
Entropy minimization on magnetized Boussinesq couple stress fluid with non-uniform heat generation
Authors: K Gangadhar , D Naga Bhargavi , M Venkata Subba Rao , Chamkha Ali J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article aims to investigate the generation of entropy for the magnetized coupled stress fluid passed through a permeable stretching cylinder that creates the condition of convective heat transfer. Additionally, in the uneven heat source in the flow field, we also analyzed our research. The properties of heat transfer taking into account in the perspective of thermal radiation. The main nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDE) become ordinary nonlinear differential equations by adopting the corresponding dimensionless variables. The recognized repeated shooting technique combined with the fourth-order standard Runge-Kutta integration solution to evaluate the resulting nonlinear ODE numerically. The velocity, temperature profile, streamline, number of local entropy generations, Bejan number, local friction coefficient, and Nusselt number effects of the new flow parameters are explained by graphs and tables. The flow system’s physical properties and the correlation between the parameters were clarified by using statistical methods. The results show that the Bejan number is reduced due to the magnetic source. Generation of entropy promotes the growth of the magnetic field and the Brinkman number, but the coupling stress aspect shows a double effect. The coupled stress parameter reduces the number of Nusselt by a fraction of 4.46%, while in the attendance of a magnetic field, the radiant heat transfer rate increases at a rate of 2.65%. In the attendance of a magnetic field, skin friction reduces the coupling stress factor by a rate of 24.67%. Besides, the current outcomes have been verified by previously published studies and are very acceptable. For the stretched cylinder, which has a curvature parameter of γ = 1.0, and for the flat, stretched surface, γ = 0.0, the thickness of the momentum and the thermal boundary layer are greater.
Tunable optical isolator using Graphene-photonic crystal-based hybrid system
Authors: Zarei Mohsen , Nazari Fakhroddin , Moravvej-Farshi Mohammad Kazem 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, an optical isolator is designed and simulated based on a hybrid configuration of the photonic crystal (PhC) and graphene. The PhC membrane is a hexagonal lattice of air holes arranged in a nonlinear silicon substrate. To provide a nonreciprocal transmission (optical isolator), breaking the symmetry of the light propagation path (the forth and back routes) is an essential condition. Here, the asymmetrical round trip of the light propagation and the Kerr-nonlinear effect are employed to obtain asymmetric propagation. The isolator structure includes a PhC waveguide that asymmetrically side-coupled to a specific embedded cavity. Then, to attain a tunable asymmetric transmission, a Nano-layer of graphene is located on the top of the mentioned PhC configuration. By altering the chemical potential of graphene one can control the isolation rate, frequency, and bandwidth of offered structure and thus possess a tunable optical isolator. The simulation results show that a 0.5 nm frequency shift can attain by the graphene chemical potential alterations from 0.45 eV to 0.65 eV in which it is suitable for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) communication and integrated optical circuits. Furthermore, as another advantage, a high forward normalized transmission (0.6) has resulted in a large average isolation rate of 32.5 dB due to low losses of the proposed structure.
Absence of superconductivity in the repulsive Hubbard model on a square lattice in the regime of strong coupling
Authors: Sherman A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The possibility of the superconducting transition in the repulsive Hubbard model on a square lattice is studied using the ladder approximation of the strong coupling diagram technique. The t–U and t–t′–t″–U models are considered in the regime of strong correlations, for the on-site Coulomb repulsion U = 8t, in the range of temperatures 0.02t ≲ T ≲ 0.3t. To avoid the influence of the phase separation and size effects the calculations are performed in an infinite crystal, in the part of the phase diagram without inhomogeneities, for the electron concentration

n

¯

=
0.92

. Solutions of the Eliashberg equation for singlet and triplet pairing, which are transformed according to one-dimensional representations of the lattice point group D
4, are considered. For both models and all considered symmetries, eigenvalues of the Eliashberg equation are less than unity and demonstrate no upward trend with decreasing temperature. This result points to the absence of superconductivity in the Hubbard model in the strong-coupling regime. We discuss the reason for the small eigenvalue of the Eliashberg equation in the case of the singlet

d

x

2

−

y

2

pairing.
Galaxy shape statistics in the effective field theory
Authors: Vlah Zvonimir , Chisari Nora Elisa , Schmidt Fabian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Intrinsic galaxy alignments yield an important contribution to the observed statistics of galaxy shapes. The general bias expansion for galaxy sizes and shapes in three dimensions has been recently described by Vlah, Chisari & Schmidt using the general perturbative effective field theory (EFT) framework, in analogy to the clustering of galaxies. In this work, we present a formalism that uses the properties of spherical tensors to project galaxy shapes onto the observed sky in the flat-sky approximation, and compute the two-point functions at next-to-leading order as well as the leading-order three-point functions of galaxy shapes and number counts. The resulting expressions are given in forms that are convenient for efficient numerical implementation. For a source redshift distribution typical of Stage IV surveys, we find that nonlinear intrinsic alignment contributions to galaxy shape correlations become relevant at angular wavenumbers l ≳ 100.
The separatrix operational space of ASDEX Upgrade due to interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence
Authors: Eich T. , Manz P. , the ASDEX Upgrade team  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The efficient operation of a tokamak is limited by several constraints, such as the transition to high confinement or the density limits occurring in both confinement regimes. These particular boundaries of operation are derived in terms of a combination of dimensionless parameters describing interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence without any free adjustable parameter. The derived boundaries describe the operational space at the separatrix of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, which is presented in terms of an electron density and temperature existence diagram. The derived density limits are compared against Greenwald scaling. The power threshold and role of ion heat flux for the transition to high confinement are discussed.
R&D tax credits can be a significant source of taxpayer support for fossil fuel innovation
Authors: McDowall Will 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The urgent need to accelerate the transition towards low-carbon energy is well understood. Government support for energy innovation has been an increasing focus of both policy and academic attention in recent years. The debate has focused on direct spending by governments on research and development (R&D). However, governments also support R&D indirectly, through tax credits. This source of government support has been overlooked in the academic and policy debate on energy innovation, in part because publicly available data on R&D tax credit expenditures typically do not enable the identification of spending specific to energy. This article provides the first published data on R&D tax credits in the energy sector, drawing on administrative data from Australia, Canada, Norway and the UK. This data shows that indirect support through tax credits can be a large source of support for innovation in fossil fuel extraction companies, though this differs by country. As a result, publicly available data on direct R&D spending by government can significantly understate government support for innovation in fossil fuel extraction. The article also presents patent data to show, for the UK and for Norway, that less than 5% of R&D activity in fossil fuel extraction firms is devoted to low-carbon technologies. The article concludes with the recommendation that governments should consider removing tax credit support for R&D activities that facilitate the extraction of fossil fuels.
Differences in seasons and rice varieties provide opportunities for improving nitrogen use efficiency and management in irrigated rice in Kenya
Authors: Gweyi-Onyango Joseph P , Ntinyari Winnie , OgollaEgesa Andrew , Mose Richard , Njinju Symon , Giweta Mekonnen , Masso Cargele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractApart from nitrogen (N) rates, N use efficiency (NUE) (yield N/total input N) is affected by seasons, crop developmental stages, and varieties. Knowledge of how these factors affect NUE in rice production in Kenya is limited. Therefore, field experiments were conducted with ‘low rates’ of N (simulating farmers’ practices) of 0, 26, 52 and 78 kg N ha−1with five varieties (MWUR1, MWUR4, IRAT109, NERICA4 and NERICA10) and higher rates of N (125, 175, and 225 kg N ha−1) simulating researchers’ doses with two lowland varieties (Basmati 370 and BW 196) and IR 72. Another experiment on NUE responses to sites, N rates and dose (split or full dose) was undertaken with the IR97 variety. With the ‘low rate’, yields increased with incremental N rates up to 52 Kg N ha−1and declined (during cold periods, for some varieties). In this scenario, the N agronomic efficiencies (AEN) declined with increasing N but depended on sites and seasons. However, most AENvalues were above 100, implying nutrient mining. In most cases (except at the Mwea site), the N utilization efficiency (NUtE) ranged from 16 to 22kg kg−1and were not significantly affected by sources and methods of N application. In all cases, an increase in N elicited declining trends in NUtE. Moreover, N uptake efficiency ranged between 22 and 90kg kg−1without significant variation among varieties. For the ‘high N rates’, high biomass yield resulted in higher grain yields in BW 196 and IR 72 but yield declined beyond 75 kg ha−1N rates due to poor grain filling, particularly when a cold period coincided with booting and grain filling. We conclude that N rates, doses and rice varieties are key determinants of AENand NUtE in contrasting rice growing seasons in Kenya. Cropping seasons and rice varieties are therefore potential key determinants of sustainable rice productivity and improved NUE in rice-based systems in the studied regions of Kenya.
RT-PCR diagnosis of COVID-19 from exhaled breath condensate: a clinical study
Authors: Sawano Makoto , Takeshita Kyousuke , Ohno Hideaki , Oka Hideaki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Current diagnostic testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is based on detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in nasopharyngeal swab samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, this test is associated with increased risks of viral dissemination and environmental contamination and shows relatively low sensitivity, attributable to technical deficiencies in the sampling method. Given that COVID-19 is transmitted via exhaled aerosols and droplets, and that exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is an established modality for sampling exhaled aerosols, detection of SARS-CoV-2 in EBC offers a promising diagnostic approach. However, current knowledge on the detection and load of the virus in EBC collected from COVID-19 patients remains limited and inconsistent. The objective of the study was to quantify the viral load in EBC collected from COVID-19 patients and to validate the feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 detection from EBC as a diagnostic test for the infection. EBC samples were collected from 48 COVID-19 patients using a collection device, and viral loads were quantified by RT-PCR targeting the E gene. Changes in detection rates and viral loads relative to patient characteristics and days since disease onset were statistically evaluated. Need for mechanical ventilation was significantly associated with higher viral load (p < 0.05). Need for oxygen administration or mechanical ventilation, less than 3 d since onset, and presence of cough or fever were significantly associated with higher detection rates (p < 0.05). Among spontaneously breathing patients, viral load in EBC attenuated exponentially over time. The detection rate was 86% at 2 d since onset and deteriorated thereafter. In mechanically ventilated patients, detection rate and viral load were high regardless of days since onset. These results support the feasibility of using RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 from EBC for COVID-19 patients within 2 d of symptom onset.
Heavy metals (Pb, Hg) in blood cockle (Anadara granosa) in Cengkok Waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Dinulislam A , Sulistiono  , Lumbanbatu D T F , Affandi R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) is one of the biotas which has high economic and ecological value in Cengkok Waters, Banten Bay. Human activities such as settlements, agriculture, fisheries, mining, and industries are seen as main reasons for degrading the aquatic environment and have a negative impact on blood cockles. Pb and Hg from these human activities may pollute the Cengkok Waters and accumulate in the body of blood cockles. This research aims to analyze the content of heavy metals (Pb and Hg) in blood cockles’ meat in Cengkok Waters, Banten Bay. Sampling was carried out monthly, from March to August 2019. Measurement of heavy metal contents was conducted using the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The result shows that the heavy metal contents (Pb and Hg) are still within the quality standard of Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM, 2018).
The distribution pattern and description of new Sipunculan characteristics in Banda Neira
Authors: Erliani E W , Krisanti M , Wardiatno Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sipunculans were collected in Banda Neira from October 2019 to February 2020. In this paper, I describe the distribution pattern and characteristics of the Genus Sipunculus (Sipunculus sp. 1, Sipunculus sp. 2), Genus Thysanocardia (Thysanocardia sp. 1, Thysanocardia sp. 2, Thysanocardia sp. 3), and Genus Siphonosoma (Siphonosoma sp. 1). The sampling method was purposive sampling. Two stations were selected as sample locations with squared plot size 60×60 cm, divided into 5 sub-plots, and repeated 3 times. The specimens were dissected, observed, and compared with available morphological literature. The result showed that the distribution pattern of Sipuncula was irregular, the distribution of holes or dwellings at several stations shows a varying distance of 10–30 cm from dwelling to other dwellings around 3 meters. The morphological characteristics of the sipunculan are slightly different, so it is suspected that there are new species in Banda Neira.
Assessment of coral reef health conditions in Juru Seberang Village, Tanjung Pandan District, Belitung Regency-Bangka-Belitung Province
Authors: Idris  , Fakhrurrozi  , Adiwijaya C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Belitung has potential coral reefs as many as 244 species and 89 species of reef fish. However, the current condition of coral reefs in Belitung is under high pressure, caused by illegal tin mining activities. For this reason, need studies related to their impact on the health of marine life, especially on coral reefs so that the policy can be reviewed, to see the important role of coral reefs for other marine biotas. The aim of this study is focused on knowing the condition of substrate coverage, diversity, and biomass of target fish as well as assessing the health of coral reefs at the observation site. Data were collected with SCUBA diving equipment at 6 stations, at depth of 5–1 m. Retrieval of basic substrate data is done by the Underwater Photo Transect method and for reef fish using belt transect. The results showed substrate coverage was dominated by hard corals, dead corals, sand, and dead corals with algae. Fleshy seaweed cover ranges from 0.07–4.77%, coral fragment cover ranges from 0–2.6%, target fish biomass value obtained varies between 0.0006–0.0299 kg/ha, and coral reef health index at each observation station ranges from 3 to 6.
Assessment of coral reefs damaged due to MV Pazifik ran aground in the Sape Strait using an aerial photography approach and species distribution modeling
Authors: Idris  , Johan O , Fakhrurrozi  , Widodo M P S , Yusri S , Sianipar O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Indonesia as an archipelagic country has a high biodiversity of coral reefs but is very vulnerable to various threats, one of the causes of damage to coral reefs is by ship aground. The damage causes minor injuries to the degradation of the reef structure. The location of the grounding sometimes on the small islands with calm currents, but sometimes in straits with strong currents. However, the assessment must be carried out, so it is necessary to develop an approach to assessing that. The purpose of this study is to assess the damage of coral reefs, to quantify the extent of damage, and identify species of corals affected. The observation used ground truth (underwater photo transect), aerial photography, machine learning, and species distribution modeling. The results obtained from aerial photography show that the MV Pazifik has damage to coral reefs reaching 613.63 m2. Based on the coral genera distribution model, it was found 35–55 genera (control location), while at the ship aground, were found 3–5 genera. Therefore, the control location is a coral reef ecosystem that is dominated by corals, while at the ship aground it can be the habitat for several hard coral genera.
Enhanced fisher job satisfaction and loyalty for sustainable fisheries development in Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: Irnad  , Cahyadinata I , Widiono S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The increasing of fisher job satisfaction and loyalty is essential factor in fisheries development in Bengkulu, Indonesia. High risk because of climate change badly needs good fishing management and properly government intervention. The purpose of this paper is to determine the key factors of government policy of sustainable livelihood, on which government should focus. An Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) has been employed to the model the implementation factors of enhancing fishers job satisfaction and loyalty as an important prerequisite in sustainable development. There are two essential goal that have high driving force and independent namely: (1) An increasing of the fisher income and (2) the sustainability of fishing business. Then, political Support for Policy Making and Improved fishermen’s economic performance are two element needs must be focus by government of Indonesia in increasing fisher job satisfaction and loyalty. The handicap to do so are a partnership that benefits to all parties and the low quality of fisheries human resources. Finally, there are two government institutions that have essential role are central and provincial government.