bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HODGKIN'S DISEASE IN THE FIRST DECADE OF LIFE
Authors: Strum Stephen B. , Rappaport Henry 
Published: December 2021

This report is based on a study of 35 children with Hodgkin's disease. The longest survival periods were 9.8 years in a patient who has expired and 9 years in a patient who is still alive. Fourteen patients are still alive at the time of submission of this paper; the survival periods range from 0.2 to 9 years; 11 are known dead and their survival periods range from 0.3 to 9.8 years. The outcome in 10 cases is not known. A striking predominance of males was noted (91%). In 30 of 31 classifiable cases, the histologic sections showed either nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease or Hodgkin's disease with lymphocytic predominance.
Regardless of classification, a striking preponderance of mature lymphocytes in tissue sections was evident in most cases. These findings suggest that a particular host response characterizes the disease in the young.
Diabetes Insipidus, Chlorpropamide, and Hypoglycemia
Authors: Pinto Luciano , Stoppoloni Giampiero 
Published: December 2021

In the article by Dr. Ehrlich and Kooh,1 they draw attention to the occurrence of hypoglycemia during the first days of treatment of diabetes insipidus with chlorpropamide. Of 17 cases studied by them, 6 showed hypoglycemia within 48 and 96 hours after the beginning of therapy. Three more had hypoglycemia after going home, in two cases during intercurrent illness and in one after 6 months of treatment with chlorpropamide.
Dr. Vallet, et al.2 observed hypoglycemia only during the first days of treatment in 5 of 10 cases studied.
THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD: HYPOGLYCEMIA
Authors: Greenberg Robert E. , Christiansen Robert O. 
Published: December 2021

HYPOGLYCEMIA represents a significant emergency situation in pediatrics. Although recent studies indicate that cerebral tissue can utilize substrates other than glucose, cose, especially in the newborn period and during prolonged fasting,1 no substrate can successfully correct the neurophysiologic sequellae of glucose deprivation on the central nervous system. Since permanent neurological effects of hypoglycemia correlate with the duration of time that cerebral tissue is deprived of glucose, early recognition and treatment of hypoglycemia is essential.
The diagnosis of hypoglycemia obviously depends on demonstration of a significant reduction in blood glucose concentration. Diagnostic criteria, similar to those developed by Cornblath and Schwartz,2 have been widely accepted: two or more blood glucose values of less than 30 mg/100 ml in full-term infants; concentration of blood glucose less than 20 mg/100 ml in the neonate weighing less than 2,500 gm; blood glucose values of less than 40 mg/100 ml in the older infant and child. Since hypoglycemia is defined in terms of the concentration of blood glucose, it is essential to utilize analytic methods which are specific for glucose. The most common method utilizes glucose oxidase, although other methods provide appropriate specificity. A rapid modification of the glucose oxidase method is represented by Dextrostix,* although accurate application of this diagnostic aid to hypoglycemia requires considerable training and experience.3 Recently, a modification of the Dextrostix method has been reported, enabling reproducible measurement of values in the range of 20 to 40 mg/100 ml.4 Confirmation of results obtained by Dextrostix with reliable laboratory methods should be effected upon recognition of hypoglycemia.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Barbero Giulio J. 
Published: December 2021

It has indeed been a pleasure to have received such a range of letters to Pediatrics on the experiences of various physicians with recurrent abdominal pain. It does appear that one can really open Pandora's box with such a common symptom as recurrent abdominal pain in childhood.
It is obvious that there is a great variety of diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, such as food allergy, urinary tract disease, periodic disease, lactase deficiency, abdominal epilepsy, duodenal ulcer, and others.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Pross Diane C. , Bradford William D. , Krueger Ronald P. 
Published: December 2021

Doctors Pross, Bradford, and Krueger comment on these two letters as follows:
We appreciate the comments of Dr. Shaw and Dr. Mortimer. The question of a relationship between salicylates and Reye's syndrome has been raised by various authors.1-3 Utian reported 14 patients with this syndrome in which "several" had received aspirin, but serum salicylate levels were never more than "mild to moderately elevated." Norman,3 in describing 21 cases measured salicylate levels in 10 patients and all were below 25 mg/100 ml.
THE ROLE OF THE PEDIATRICIAN IN RHEUMATIC FEVER CONTROL
Authors: Mortimer Edward A. 
Published: December 2021

In a recent publication1 the Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease Study Group has reviewed the current status of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. This review, which should be must reading for all physicians who care for children, emphasizes the persistent significance of the disease and describes in systematic fashion various community approaches to its control.
It is first pointed out by the authors that rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease remain numerically significant problems. Approximately 100,000 new cases are recognized each year, and in 1968 16,000 deaths were recorded as due to rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease. The cost of physicians' visits alone for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in 1968 approximated 28 million dollars.
Paying the Doctor: Systems of Remuneration and their Effects, by William A. Glaser. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1970, 323 pp., $10.00
Authors: Butler Allan M. 
Published: December 2021

From his personal studies, Glaser analyzes the establishment and summarizes the methods of paying doctors in 16 European countries that have national health insurance programs. Unfortunately, to quote Glaser, "a country's current payment system under its public medical services is usually the arrangement it had before the services were created.
. . . Most payment systems in public schemes are simply those inherited from prior practice, since the doctors would be disturbed by changes. Most payment procedures under ‘socialized medicine’ are simply more bureaucratized versions of the methods that were used and often even invented by the doctors under earlier private practice."
CLINICAL RESPONSE TO IMMUNIZATION WITH CENDEHILL STRAIN RUBELLA VACCINE
Authors: Rogers K. D. , Ramirez George , Cortez Manuel , Michaels Richard , Savin Michael , Montgomery Robert , Welty Thomas , Taylor Floyd , Hingson Robert A. 
Published: December 2021

Approximately 1,100 institutionalized Costa Rican children and young women were observed daily for 25 days following immunization with Cendehill strain rubella vaccine or placebo. Observations were made double blind by specially trained public health nurses supervised by a physician.
Three subgroups were identified: preimmunization seropositive subjects receiving vaccine (S+); preimmunization seronegative subjects receiving vaccine (S-); and preimmunization seropositive and seronegative subjects receiving placebo (P). The 25 day observation time was divided into 5-day periods. For both sexes, two age groups, and each time period the number of days was recorded on which was present one or more of 13 signs and symptoms considered likely to reflect vaccine reaction. S-and P,S+ groups were compared statistically for each symptom or sign, time interval, and age sex subgroup.
Most post-immunization signs and symptoms were not severe or disabling, of high prevalence, or usually more common in S- than P,S+ subjects. There were significantly higher frequencies of posterior auricular, posterior cervical, and occipital lymphadenopathy in S- than P,S+ children less than 15 years of age. Females had higher frequencies of headache and arthralgia than did the males studied, but frequencies in S- and P,S+ groups did not differ significantly.
CYTOGENETIC OBSERVATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH NEUROBLASTOMA
Authors: Wakonig-Vaartaja Theresa , Helson Lawrence , Baren Ann , Koss Leopold G. , Murphy M. Lois 
Published: December 2021

Cytogenetic studies were performed on 21 children with neuroblastoma. Increased numbers of abnormal metaphases were observed in pretreatment samples of peripheral blood and bone marrow. Three bone marrows infiltrated with extrinsic cells had heteroploid cell lines with consistent marker chromosomes. Long-term survivors without evidence of active disease had chromosomal abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocytes.
These findings evoke questions concerning prognosis, tumor formation, and long-term effects of radiotherapy.
BRACHIAL PLEXUS PALSY IN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: Eng Gloria D. 
Published: December 2021

Experience in the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of residua of brachial plexus paralysis in 25 infants is presented. Associated defects substantiate the traumatic nature of the deliveries.
The electromyogram proved a valuable tool in the exact delineation of the pathology and in determination of prognosis.
Early optimum treatment prevented atrophy and contractures. Of the 20 babies with adequate follow-up, approximately ⅓ recovered by 6 months with minimal deficit, over ½ recovered by 1 year with moderate residua to include persistent weakness, delay in bone growth, dislocation, and peculiar posturing of the arm; and the other three infants showed significant handicaps.
ON WEANING OF INFANTS ACCORDING TO DR. JAMES JACKSON
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. James Jackson (1777-1876), first physician to the Massachusetts General Hospital and one of its founders, has been described as the most conspicuous physician in the medical annals of Massachusetts. His advice about the proper time to wean infants from the breast follows:
Children are benefited by living principally on the breast for twelve months; their vigor is evidently impaired in almost all cases, when they are nursed less than nine months. The safest period of the year for weaning is from the middle of October to the middle of March; provided they be not weaned under ten months after December, under eleven after January, nor under twelve after February. Children who are weaned at the age of twelve months in March are ordinarily safe; those who are weaned at this age in April are less so, one half of them perhaps suffering severely in the subsequent summer or autumn. In May the danger increases; and in the four subsequent months, if a child of any age be weaned, it will in most cases be very sick before the middle of the October ensuing. The disease does not immediately follow the weaning; though in many cases the diarrhœa of teething children ensues at once. But the instances in which children, who are weaned between May and October, escape severe cholera infantum, are extremely rare indeed.1
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS 1971
Authors: McKay R. J. 
Published: December 2021

Iwould like to begin this address with a summary of activities and accomplishments during the past year, which, in my opinion, are new or of particular significance for the Academy and its Fellows, and for the health and welfare of children. In doing so, many, if not most, of our organization's established activities and functions will be ignored, not because they are unimportant, but because you are all well acquainted with them and their value.
Our Report on the Delivery of Health Care to Children has finally gone to the printer and will hopefully be in your hands by the end of the calendar year. Implementation of some of its recommendations is already under way, and plans are being made to implement the others.
A policy and statement on national health insurance has been completed and issued after 3 years of intensive effort. While it satisfies neither the advocates of total socialization of medical care, nor the advocates of the status quo, I believe that it does represent a view of the majority of our membership that changes must be made, that we must maintain an ability to influence these changes, and that the changes must provide options, flexibility, appropriate incentives, and economic feasibility for both the consumer and the deliverer of health care.
Under Academy leadership and sponsorship a Joint Committee on Quality Assurance of Child Health Care has been formed. Financed by a large federal grant, it will develop and test methods designed to assure the quality of child health care.
Iron-Fortified Formulas (Continued)
Authors: Melhorn David K. , Gross Samuel , Newman Arthur J. 
Published: December 2021

The controversy surrounding the report of the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics regarding iron fortified formulas1 has stimulated us to submit the following further observations.
It is evident that iron fortified formulas are efficient sources of iron. Equally well known is the fact that the incidence of nutritional iron deficiency is greatest in infants of lower socioeconomic groups. Providing these infants with iron supplemented formulas will effectively combat iron deficiency. However, despite an occasional comment to the contrary, it is our experience that the incidence of nutritional iron deficiency among infants in upper socioeconomic groups is exceedingly low.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Case Report in Dizygotic Twins
Authors: Tze Wah Jun , Fisher Joseph N. , Crigler John F. 
Published: December 2021

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia results from an inborn error of metabolism of adrenocortical steroidogenesis, genetically determined and inherited as an autosomal recessive. The condition has been described in identical twins (4,5). This paper reports the occurrence in dizygotic twins.
Case Reports
Patient L.R. was referred to The Children's Hospital Medical Center at 1 month of age because of ambiguous genitalia. She was the second born of twins delivered to a gravida 2, para 2 mother after an uneventful 34 weeks's gestation. The mother received no drugs and had no illness during the pregnancy. The birth weight was 4 pounds. The placenta and amniotic membranes were not examined.
D-I-A-B-E-T-E-S
Authors: Mofenson Howard C. , Greensher Joseph , Horowitz Roy 
Published: December 2021

Many physicians see few, if any, patients each year with juvenile diabetes mellitus. With this in mind, we have formulated a simple, easily remembered mnemonic using the letters in "Diabetes" to help physicians refresh their memories as to the minimum amount of knowledge to be imparted to the parents and the patients. The details will vary with the intellectual capacity of the parent and the patient.
To aid the physician, the following will constitute a minimum program of education.
On the Incidence of Hiatal Hernia in Infants
Authors: Cuttman Frank M. 
Published: December 2021

It is probable that there is an apparent difference in the incidence of uncomplicated and complicated hiatal hernia in infancy and childhood seen in Europe and North America.
The explanation of this apparent difference may be in the cultural pattern of infant rearing which results in early postural treatment of mild hiatal hernia in North America.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Schmitt Barton 
Published: December 2021

In answer to Dr. Crook's comments, I would like to make four points:
1. Although I recognize the existence of the allergic tension-fatigue syndrome, in my own experience it is a very uncommon disorder. Even children with "hard allergies" (e.g., asthma and allergic rhinitis) rarely have the findings diagnostic of this disorder.
2. School phobia, on the other hand, is a common problem that presents approximately twice a month in the average pediatrician's office. Although the tension-fatigue syndrome was considered in my patients with school phobia, none of them (including those with allergies) met Dr. Crook's criteria for diagnosis.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Torg Joseph S. 
Published: December 2021

Thank you very much for the opportunity of seeing Dr. Maller's letter addressed to your journal dated February 24, 1972. I compliment Dr. Maller on swinging at our "curve."
I think that his letter can be most appropriately answered by referring to the last paragraph of our article: "We recognize that the data and observations presented in this paper are not conclusive. We believe, however, that they do suggest that to subject a preadolescent pitcher to an intensely competitive situation is not in his best interest from the standpoint of healthy development and maturation."
Cycling With a Toddler
Authors: Gibson Lewis E. 
Published: December 2021

As a pediatrician and a bicyclist, I was dismayed by the article "The Toddler as a Bicycle Passenger," by Berry et al. in the March issue of Pediatrics. Cycling with toddlers is not, as I thought, an enjoyable, nonpolluting exercise but rather an approximation of child abuse.
The facts presented are not overwhelming. None of the 14 accidents reported involved the use of a complete passenger seat. Five parents could not even remember how the child was carried.
INDIRECT ESTIMATION OF SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Walker Colin H. M. , West Phillip J. , Simons Sanford L. , Whytock Anthony R. 
Published: December 2021

An impedance plethysmographic method for measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressures in small infants using standard electro-cardiogram recorders has been studied. The overall 95% confidence limit of the mean of five estimations was found to be ±3.74 mm Hg for the systolic and ±3.72 mm Hg for the diastolic value.
Comparing this method with intra-arterial measurements gave correlation coefficients (r) of 0.95 (bias 10.09 mm Hg) for systolic pressure and 0.89 (Bias 10.09 mm Hg) for diastolic pressure. Values for the comparison with auscultation were 0.98 (bias 19.29 mm Hg) systolic and 0.86 (bias 10.17 mm Hg) diastolic, and for the comparison of the arithmetic mean value with the flush method 0.84 (bias 30.17 mm Hg). These results reveal a good correlation with the intra-arterial measurements and indicate that this technique can be used for the periodic or continuous blood pressure monitoring of infants.
INTELLECTUAL AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH GALACTOSEMIA
Authors: Fishler K. , Donnell G. N. , Bergren W. R. , Koch R. 
Published: December 2021

This study deals with the developmental and intellectual status of 45 treated galactosemia patients, 23 females and 22 males, followed longitudinally for up to 23 years. Intellectual achievement, visual-perceptual ability, and EEG findings are analyzed. The intellectual status of the parents and unaffected siblings of the galactosemia patients are also considered.
The findings indicate that the preschool age group of children show the best developmental progress by the psychometric tests used, those of school age level scoring lower, but still within the low normal range. Adult patients demonstrate better intellectual achievement than the school age children, possibly due to a compensatory process. The greatest incidence of visual-perceptual difficulties was found in the school-age group, and remedial educational programs were necessary for some of these children. In each group, emotional-social characteristics were observed which may reflect the continuing nature of dietary restriction.
The overall findings indicate that early treatment results in a more favorable outcome than does a delay in initiation of dietary restriction.
PAROTITIS IN CHILDREN WHO HAD PREVIOUSLY RECEIVED MUMPS VACCINE
Authors: Brunell Philip A. , Brickman Anthony , Steinberg Sharon , Allen Elaine 
Published: December 2021

Twenty children who had previously received mumps vaccine developed parotid swelling which was diagnosed as mumps 3 to 39 months following inoculation. In only eight of seventeen children who were studied serologically could the diagnosis of mumps be confirmed. Since these children were immunized over a 4-year period in four different pediatric offices, it is not likely that a particular lot of vaccine or immunizing procedure was at fault. These eight children probably represent vaccine failure. Serologic, virus isolation, clinical or epidemiologic studies failed to reveal the cause of parotid swelling in the remaining children.
It is apparent that children who develop parotid swelling following immunization with mumps vaccine cannot be assumed to have mumps. Serologic studies are required to identify the vaccine failures.
RNA Methylation—A Possible Genetic Marker in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Rennert Owen M. , Julius Richard L. , LaPointe David 
Published: December 2021

Cystic fibrosis (CF) of the pancreas was initially thought to be an inborn error of metabolism affecting only exocrine tissue. In 1969, the demonstration by Danes and Bearn1 of metachromasia in cultivated fibroblasts obtained from patients with CF gave experimental support to the hypothesis that all CF cells reflect the basic biochemical defect. After this initial report several investigators observed that tissue cultured cells from some patients with CF and heterozygotes accumulated increased quantities of acid mucopolysaccharides and glycogen. No basic defect in these cell culture systems has been identified. No definitive test for the detection of the heterozygote state is available.
See table in the PDF file
A CONTROLLED TRIAL OF ANTEPARTUM GLUCOCORTICOID TREATMENT FOR PREVENTION OF THE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: Liggins G. C. , Howie R. N. 
Published: December 2021

A controlled trial of betamethasone therapy was carried out in 282 mothers in whom premature delivery threatened or was planned before 37 weeks' gestation, in the hope of reducing the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome by accelerating functional maturation of the fetal lung.
Two hundred and thirteen mothers were in spontaneous premature labor. When necessary, ethanol or salbutamol infusions were used to delay delivery while steroid or placebo therapy was given. Delay for at least 24 hours was achieved in 77% of the mothers. In these unplanned deliveries, early neonatal mortality was 3.2% in the treated group and 15.0% in the controls (p 0.01). There were no deaths with hyaline membrane disease or intraventricular cerebral hemorrhage in infants of mothers who had received betamethasone for at least 24 hours before delivery. The respiratory distress syndrome occurred less often in treated babies (9.0%) than in controls (25.8%, p 0.003), but the difference was confined to babies of under 32 weeks' gestation who had been treated for at least 24 hours before delivery (11.8% of the treated babies compared with 69.6% of the control babies p. 0.02).
There may be an increased risk of fetal death in pregnancies complicated by severe hypertensionedema-proteinuria syndromes and treated with betamethasone, but no other hazard of steroid therapy was noted.
We conclude that this preliminary evidence justifies further trials, but that further work is needed before any new routine procedure is established.
The Social Psychology of the Epileptic Child, by Christopher Bagley. Coral Gables, Florida: The University of Miami Press, 1971, 307 pp., $12.00
Authors: Wallace Sheila J. 
Published: December 2021

The author, a sociologist, describes his monograph as an "empirical study of the interaction of social, psychological and biological factors leading to behavior disorder in epileptic children."
The first part of the book consists of a brief introduction to the problems it was felt relevant to investigate and to the sources of patients and of information received about them. A second section is devoted to an examination of the literature. This is comprehensive and well-argued.