bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early versus Delayed Surgical Decompression in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vasquez-Paredes Gino , Zavaleta-Corvera Carlos , Caballero-Alvarado José 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injury is a devastating clinical condition that causes secondary damage, which can be prevented with some treatments. Early surgical decompression may have a beneficial effect and lead to a better neurological outcome. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of early compared with delayed surgical decompression to evaluate neurological improvement in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA-2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Until April 2024, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials. The primary outcome is an improvement of one grade or more on the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale at 12 months' follow-up. Secondary outcomes included hospital stay, postoperative complications, and mortality. Of the 4,101 records identified, 4 studies and 430 patients were included. A statistically significant difference was found in favor of the early surgical decompression group regarding neurological improvement (mean difference 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.03 to 1.73, p = 0.04). Also, in patients with complete spinal cord injuries (relative risk [RR] 3.65, 95% CI = 1.10–12.17, p = 0.03) reduction of postoperative complications was observed in the early group (RR 0.42; 95% CI = 0.20–0.88, p = 0.02). Regarding hospital stay, there were no significant differences between the two groups (RR –7.95, 95% CI = –18.53 to 2.63, p = 0.14) and mortality (RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.30–5.38, p = 0.75). Our study demonstrates that early surgical decompression within the first 24 hours after spinal cord injury leads to better neurological outcomes with statistical significance. Furthermore, statistically significant results were found in favor of early surgical decompression in patients with complete spinal cord injuries and to statistically reduce the risk of complications in the early group.
Demographic Profile of Traumatic Spine Injuries at a Level 1 Trauma Center of Eastern India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tiwari Varun , Sadique Shahid Iftekhar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Trauma is a leading cause of hospitalization worldwide, with spinal injuries resulting from traumatic events having severe and lasting repercussions. The high incidence of these injuries places a significant burden on families and health care systems. Disparities in epidemiological findings often occur due to the location- or culture-specific factors. This study aims to address the inadequate attention given to morphological patterns and their impact on neurological damage severity, which affects functional outcomes over time.
Objectives The main objective of this study was to identify the injury patterns and detect associated spinal or extraspinal injuries in traumatic spine injury (TSI) patients who visited a level 1 trauma care facility in eastern India. Additionally, it aimed to establish a correlation between the severity, morphology, and grades of neurological damage with demographic characteristics.
Materials and Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the neurosurgery unit of the trauma and emergency department (TED) at a level 1 trauma center in eastern India. It involved TSI patients admitted between March 15, 2023, and March 14, 2024. Data were collected from paper-based records and compiled into a structured Excel format. The study included adult patients admitted to the TED with traumatic spinal cord injuries and excluded those from outpatient departments or those with incomplete data. Data analysis utilized the Muller AO classification, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and ASIA classification, with statistical analysis performed using IBM SPSS version 19.0.
Results Out of 320 patients, 309 met the inclusion criteria. The majority were males (263) with a median age of 39 years. Falling from a height (43.7%) was the most common mechanism of injury, followed by road traffic accidents (37.9%). Polytrauma was present in 73% of patients, with multilevel injuries more severe than single-region injuries. Type A fractures were most common (53.4%), and 67.6% of patients underwent surgery. A significant correlation was found between the ISS and ASIA scores.
Conclusion The study revealed differences in spinal injury epidemiology in eastern India compared to other regions, with multiple vertebral level injuries being more common. The findings highlight the need for government health care strategies focused on treatment and rehabilitation, especially for the younger age group that is predominantly affected. Preventive measures should also be strictly enforced to reduce the incidence of such injuries.
The linear electromagnetic gyrokinetic global simulation by using the numerical Lie-transform code
Authors: Zhang Guodong , You Jinxiang , Wang Zihao , Wu Tiannan , Qiu Yuefeng , Wang Lu , Wang Shaojie 
Published: December 2024

Electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulation plays an important role in the research of anomalous transport driven by micro-turbulence in tokamak fusion plasmas. The development of electromagnetic gyrokinetic codes usually faces challenges including physical model, numerical instabilities as well as corresponding algorithms and accuracy; one of the typical challenges is the well-known cancellation problem. In this work, the gyrokinetic code NLT [Ye et al., J. Comput. Phys. 316, 180 (2016)] is updated to the electromagnetic version. The scheme of mitigating the cancellation problem in GYRO [Candy and Waltz, J. Comput. Phys. 186, 545 (2003)] is adopted. The simulation results including the real frequency, linear growth rate, and mode structures of the ion temperature gradient mode and the trapped electron mode as well as the kinetic ballooning mode from NLT are consistent with those from previous Eulerian and particle in cell codes. Moreover, it is found that the cancellation problem does not exist, at least for the drift waves, in the NLT simulation.
The enhancement of ferromagnetism in 2D tetragonal CoSe by electric fields and Janus engineering
Authors: Peng Yiran , Ge Yanfeng , liu Yong , Markowska Katarzyna , Wan Wenhui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cobalt-based anti-MXene materials have been synthesized, but their poor ferromagnetism limits their spintronic applications. In this study, we employed first-principles calculations to investigate the various methods to modulate the magnetic properties of monolayer CoSe. The competition between the Co–Co direct exchange interaction, Co–Se–Co super-exchange interaction, and Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida exchange interaction lead to the weak ferromagnetism of monolayer CoSe. The strain slightly enhances the Curie temperatures (

T

c

)

of monolayer CoSe, but the substrate is ineffective. In comparison, a vertical electric field Ez
of 0.5 V Å−1 can enhance

T

c

from 8 K to 161 K. This enhancement stems from reinforcing Co–Se–Co superexchange by electric fields. Among the Janus structures based on the CoSe, monolayer Co2SeS can exhibit a

T

c

of 40 K, due to the interplay between strain and built-in electric field. Our results suggested that polar substrates or Janus engineering can promote the ferromagnetism of 2D CoSe for spintronic applications.
High-performance, self-powered ZnO NWs-ZnSe heterojunction photodetectors for superior visible and near-infrared detection
Authors: Hassan Zamir-ul- , Batool Syeda Farzana , Kazmi Jamal , Raza Syed Raza Ali , Shah Jafar Hussain , Jalil Abdul , Kaplan Hüseyin Kaan , Akay Sertan Kemal , Khan Raja Azhar Saeed , Rafique Mohsin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present the development of a type-II heterojunction photodetector (PD) comprising Ag/ZnO nanowires (NWs)/ZnSe/In, fabricated on a commercially available Si substrate. ZnO NWs were hydrothermally synthesized on thermally evaporated ZnSe thin films, with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealing uniform, vertically aligned ZnO NWs on the ZnSe layer. Cross-sectional SEM imaging determined the thickness of the In/ZnSe thin film to be approximately 460 nm, with ZnO NWs exhibiting an average diameter of ∼161 nm. Structural analysis of the ZnSe thin film, annealed at 370 °C in an ambient environment, identified a prominent ZnSe peak at 27.48° alongside peaks at 30.98° and 33.21° corresponding to In2O3 and ZnSeO3, respectively. The ZnO NWs, under similar annealing conditions, displayed a strong (002) peak, confirming vertical growth. Hall effect measurements revealed a transition from p-type carriers in as-deposited ZnSe thin films to n-type in the annealed ZnSe and ZnO NWs, attributed to the formation of In2O3 as evidenced by XRD. The PD exhibited the highest photoresponse under IR illumination (950 nm), surpassing responses to green (515 nm) and blue (456 nm) LEDs, with a short-circuit current (I
sc) of −26 μA and an open-circuit voltage (V
oc) of +80 mV, characteristic of a self-powered device. In contrast, minimal photoresponse was observed in a Schottky-type Ag/ZnSe/In junction on the Si substrate. The photoresponse mechanism was elucidated using an energy band diagram, while density functional theory simulations using Vienna ab initio simulation package provided a strong correlation with the experimental data, validating the structural and electronic properties of the heterojunction.
Unraveling the thickness-dependent high photoconductivity in BaSnO3 thin films: insights from ultrafast charge carrier dynamics
Authors: Shrivastava Shikha , Kumar Kapil , Yadav Aditya , Nehra Simran , Srivastava Stuti , Singh Preetam , Kumar Mahesh , Gupta Govind , Dogra Anjana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Barium stannate, a perovskite-structured semiconductor, is gaining significant attention for its potential in high-performance UV photodetectors and optoelectronic applications. This study investigated the photo-response of epitaxial BaSnO3 (BSO) thin films grown using pulsed laser deposition. Our findings revealed an exceptionally high photo-response in BSO films having thicknesses (90, 270, and 360 nm). Detailed optical analyses were conducted to elucidate the photoconductive response’s mechanisms, including photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved PL, and the ultrafast transient spectroscopy. Notably, ultrafast transient spectroscopy was employed for the first time on this material. Leveraging BSO’s wide bandgap (3.4 eV), photoconductivity measurements in the UV range showed a peak responsivity of 5 A W−1 at 5 V with a 360 nm film and a response time of 470 ms. The transient spectroscopy reveals the thickness-dependent carrier dynamics, such as carrier relaxation, carrier trapping in mid-gap states, and recombination. Specifically, observed trapping times were approximately 6 ps for 360 nm thickness, 26 ps for 270 nm thickness, and 59 ps for 90 nm thickness of BSO thin film. This research enhances the understanding of the photoconductive behavior of barium stannate thin films and lays the groundwork for optimizing BSO-based UV-sensitive optoelectronic devices.
Physical insights into plasma-assisted methane reforming: microdischarge dynamics and diluent effects
Authors: Park Jin , Cha Min Suk 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in fuel reforming processes has been widely investigated for its well-defined physical properties relevant to chemical kinetics and discharge physics, supporting the transition toward carbon-neutral society. However, a spatially and temporally resolved investigation of the physical and chemical aspects of plasma-assisted fuel reforming is essential to enhance our understanding and refine plasma kinetic mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the microscopic discharge characteristics in gas mixtures for partial oxidation (POx) and dry reforming of methane (DRM), focusing on the effects of N2 and Ar dilution on successive microdischarges. Using a pin-to-line electrode configuration, we found that organized, recurring microdischarge patterns were achievable only with N2 or Ar dilution, highlighting the crucial role of their excited metastable states in facilitating Penning ionization. For both POx and DRM mixtures, discharge power maintained consistently across N2 dilution ratios but decreased significantly as the Ar dilution ratio decreased. BOLSIG+ simulations attributed these trends to differences in electron energy loss to ionization and electronic excitation. Recognizing the importance of consistent temporal and spatial microdischarges for laser diagnostics, we mapped successive microdischarges characteristics as a function of applied voltage and frequency. These findings provide a foundational reference for future studies, enabling spatially and temporally resolved measurements of key parameters such as electric field intensity, electron density, temperature, and radical species. We plan to investigate CH3 and CH radicals using the same experimental setup to further advance our understanding of plasma-assisted reforming processes in the near future.
Bandgap reduction of bismuth tri-iodide via cesium tin iodide addition aimed toward lead-free solar cell applications
Authors: Anugrah Aditya Wahyu , Raifuku Itaru , Kawanishi Hidenori , Uraoka Yukiharu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bismuth-based perovskites are promising materials for non-toxic solar cell applications owing to their air stability and high absorption coefficients. However, the wide bandgaps of bismuth-based perovskites limit their performance, rendering them unsuitable for single-junction solar cells. In this study, we successfully demonstrate that the bandgap of bismuth tri-iodide (BiI3) can be reduced by adding a mixture of CsI and SnI2 (CTI: cesium tin iodide). The addition of CTI changes the chemical states, surface morphology, optical properties, and energy-level structure of BiI3. The bandgap energy decreases from 1.75 eV (pure BiI3) to 1.41 eV (CTI added) as evidenced by UV–Vis spectrophotometry measurements. The valence band maximum (VBM) energy was estimated using photoemission yield spectroscopy (PYS). PYS measurements revealed that adding CTI to BiI3 lowered the VBM position. The bandgap narrowing mechanism was further explained by the band alignment, where the addition of CTI effectively adjusted the VBM and conduction band minimum positions to lower the energy levels. The device performance of the (CTI:BiI3) solar cells was investigated, and an improvement in power conversion efficiency was observed, mainly due to an enhancement in the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density.
Magnetic-proximity-induced anomalous Hall effect at the EuO/Sb2Te3 interface
Authors: Sinha Indraneel , Sinha Shreyashi , Naskar Subham , Manna Sujit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Time-reversal symmetry breaking of a topological insulator phase generates zero-field edge modes which are the hallmark of the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) and of possible value for dissipation-free switching or non-reciprocal microwave devices. But present material systems exhibiting the QAHE, such as magnetically doped bismuth telluride and twisted bilayer graphene, are intrinsically unstable, limiting their scalability. A pristine magnetic oxide at the surface of a TI would leave the TI structure intact and stabilize the TI surface, but epitaxy of an oxide on the lower-melting-point chalcogenide presents a particular challenge. Here we utilize pulsed laser deposition to grow (111)-oriented EuO on vacuum cleaved and annealed Sb2Te3(0001) surfaces. Under suitable growth conditions, we obtain a pristine interface and surface, as evidenced by x-ray reflectivity and scanning tunneling microscopy, respectively. Despite bulk transport in the thick (2 mm) Sb2Te3 layers, devices prepared for transport studies show a strong AHE, the necessary precursor to the QAHE. Our demonstration of EuO–Sb2Te3 epitaxy presents a scalable thin film approach to realize QAHE devices with radically improved chemical stability as compared to competing approaches.
Sheep-YOLO: a lightweight daily behavior identification and counting method for housed sheep
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhai Yahong , Zhu Lan , Xu Longyan , Zhao Yifan , Yuan Hongguang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Daily behavior detection and monitoring of sheep is crucial for assessing their health status. In recent years, computer vision has been widely used in livestock behavior detection, but it usually requires large memory and computational resources. In addition, most studies have focused only on the behavior of sheep during the day, while the behavior of sheep during the night is equally important for a comprehensive understanding of their health status and well-being. Therefore, in this study, we developed a lightweight daily behavior detection and counting method for housed sheep to detect lying, feeding, and standing behaviors, and to count the number of each behavior as well as the total number of sheep. First, we propose a new PCBAM module and incorporate it into the neck part of YOLOv8n to enhance the feature information contained in the feature map, second, we use the slim neck design paradigm incorporating GSConv to lighten and improve the model operation efficiency, and finally, we reconstruct the detection head to eliminate the redundant small target detection head, reduce the model computational burden, and improve the detection performance of medium and large targets. The Sheep-YOLO model is validated using the daily behavioral dataset of housed sheep, and the experimental results show that the improved model is effective in detecting sheep behavior in complex environments, and the mAP@0.5 is improved by 5.4% compared to the baseline model, and in particular, the lying and feeding behaviors of sheep are improved by 7.2% and 8.8%, respectively. Comparative experiments with other mainstream target detection algorithms validate the advantages of our proposed model for sheep behavior detection. This study provides an effective solution for behavioral detection and counting of housed sheep.
Sustainable fabrication of Fe2O3/C nanoparticles via Acacia nilotica extract for enhanced supercapacitor performance
Authors: Parveen Nazish , Da’na Enshirah , Taha Amel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research investigates the eco-friendly production of iron oxide nanoparticles and their combination with carbon to create the FeC-1 and FeC-2 NPs, using seedless pods of Acacia nilotica. These pods, rich in tannins and flavonoids, serve as a natural reducing, stabilizing, and carbon source. The study details the synthesis of FeC NPs through a non-toxic, green method and examines the influence of varying concentrations of A. nilotica extract (ANE) on the electrochemical characteristics of the resulting n FeC-1 and FeC-2 electrodes. Both FeC-1 and FeC-2 NPs were tested extensively using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge methods to evaluate their pseudocapacitive properties in a three-electrode setup. The FeC-2 electrodes showed much better performance, achieving a specific capacitance of 482.85 F g−1, compared to FeC-1’s 155.71 F g−1 . This enhanced capacity is attributed to an optimal content that notably boosts conductivity. Additionally, FeC-2 showed impressive cyclic stability, retaining approximately 80% capacity at a constant current density. These findings underscore the potential of using ANE for developing cost-effective and environmentally benign FeC-1 and FeC-2 NPs with promising applications in high-performance supercapacitors.
Turing instability-induced oscillations in coupled reaction–diffusion systems
Authors: Wang 王 Nan 楠 , Tong 仝 Yuan 源 , Liu 刘 Fucheng 富成 , Li 李 Xiaoxuan 晓璇 , He 贺 Yafeng 亚峰 , Fan 范 Weili 伟丽 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A new type of localized oscillatory pattern is presented in a two-layer coupled reaction–diffusion system under conditions in which no Hopf instability can be discerned in either layer. The transitions from stationary patterns to asynchronous and synchronous oscillatory patterns are obtained. A novel method based on decomposing coupled systems into two associated subsystems has been proposed to elucidate the mechanism of formation of oscillating patterns. Linear stability analysis of the associated subsystems reveals that the Turing pattern in one layer induces the other layer locally, undergoes a supercritical Hopf bifurcation and gives rise to localized oscillations. It is found that the sizes and positions of oscillations are determined by the spatial distribution of the Turing patterns. When the size is large, localized traveling waves such as spirals and targets emerge. These results may be useful for deeper understanding of pattern formation in complex systems, particularly multilayered systems.
Impurity sputtering model for ICRF edge plasma–surface interactions
Authors: Zhang 张 Quan-Zhi 权治 , Liu 刘 Ze-Xuan 泽璇 , Ma 马 Fang-Fang 方方 , Zhang 张 Lei-Yu 雷宇 , Matyakubov Nosir 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
One of the primary concerns associated with ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) is the enhanced impurity sputtering resulting from radio frequency (RF) sheath formation near plasma-facing components (PFCs), such as limiters. Developing a sputtering model integrated with RF sheath simulations allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the kinetic behavior of incident ions and their interactions with the limiter surface. We accordingly develop an impurity sputtering model “PMSAD”, which computes the sputtering yield (amount of impurity) on the limiter surface based on incident ion characteristics and predicts the spatial distribution of impurities. The model provides a robust method for understanding and analyzing the impurity sputtering process from limiter surfaces, which is crucial for preventing ICRH surface erosion and reducing edge and core plasma contamination.
SNSAlib: A python library for analyzing signed network
Authors: Li 李 Ai-Wen 艾纹 , Lu 陆 Jun-Lin 俊霖 , Fan 樊 Ying 瑛 , Xu 许 Xiao-Ke 小可 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The unique structure of signed networks, characterized by positive and negative edges, poses significant challenges for analyzing network topology. In recent years, various statistical algorithms have been developed to address this issue. However, there remains a lack of a unified framework to uncover the nontrivial properties inherent in signed network structures. To support developers, researchers, and practitioners in this field, we introduce a Python library named SNSAlib (Signed Network Structure Analysis), specifically designed to meet these analytical requirements. This library encompasses empirical signed network datasets, signed null model algorithms, signed statistics algorithms, and evaluation indicators. The primary objective of SNSAlib is to facilitate the systematic analysis of micro- and meso-structure features within signed networks, including node popularity, clustering, assortativity, embeddedness, and community structure by employing more accurate signed null models. Ultimately, it provides a robust paradigm for structure analysis of signed networks that enhances our understanding and application of signed networks.