bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Note on a Thermoelastic Problem for a Transversely Isotropic Hollow Sphere Embedded in an Elastic Medium
Authors: Nowinski J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This note concerns a hollow sphere composed of two different transversely isotropic layers and subjected to an internal pressure and a steady-state, spherically symmetrical temperature field. The sphere is surrounded by an elastic medium treated as a Winkler material or transversely isotropic medium, respectively.
A Fast Analytical Method for the Dynamic Energy Simulation of Energy Piles With Short Time Resolution
Authors: Grassi Walter , Conti Paolo , Schito Eva , Testi Daniele 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes an analytical method for the dynamic thermal simulation of energy piles with a short time resolution (e.g., tens of minutes) as an alternative to numerical approaches, which require relevant computational resources. The discussion is tailored to the implementation of analytical models in dynamic energy simulation software for buildings and HVAC systems. The main modeling challenges consist of accounting for the pile thermal capacity, configuration of pipes, and time-varying inlet temperature and flow rate values. The heat transfer process occurs in three characteristic periods, each of them characterized by a 2D or 3D geometry. The first period concerns the evolution of the fluid temperature and heat transfer over the length of the pipes, the second period concerns the thermal diffusion within the heat capacity of the foundation, and the third period is driven by pile geometry and ground source characteristics. For short time resolution analyses, we proposed a general linear set of equations based on the ε-NTU theory for heat exchangers, the infinite composite-medium line source solution, and the finite line source for the ground source. The proposed method is compared with a full transient 3D numerical simulation. The maximum deviation in terms of return temperature to the heat pump is 0.2 K. The general dimensionless form, the short time resolution, and the limited computational time makes the method suitable for building simulation software and optimization codes for thermal analysis and energy pile design.
Simulation of a Simplified Aeroengine Bearing Chamber Using a Fully Coupled Two-Way Eulerian Thin Film/Discrete Phase Approach Part I: Film Behavior Near the Bearing
Authors: Nicoli Andrew , Johnson Kathy , Jefferson-Loveday Richard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Previous work at the Gas Turbine and Transmissions Research Center (G2TRC) has highlighted the need for an adequate computational model, which can appropriately model the oil shedding behavior from bearings. Oil can break up forming droplets and ligaments, subsequently forming thin and thick films driven by both gravity and shear. Our previously published work using openfoam successfully coupled the Eulerian thin film model (ETFM) with the discrete phase model (DPM) (Nicoli et al., 2019, “A New OpenFOAM Solver Capable of Modelling Oil Jet-Breakup and Subsequent Film Formation for Bearing Chamber Applications,” ASME Paper No. GT2019-90264.). In this paper, the previously developed ETFM-DPM capability is, for the first time, extended to an aeroengine representative bearing chamber configuration. The configuration matches that of a simplified aeroengine bearing chamber that has been investigated by researchers at the Gas Turbine and Transmissions Research Center (G2TRC). Numerical investigations are conducted for three different shaft speeds, namely, 5000, 7000, and 12,000 rpm, at two different oil flow rates: 7.3 liters/minute and 5.2 liters/minute. CFD results are validated against existing experimental data for the two lower shaft speeds. Evaluation of computed mean film thickness shows excellent agreement with the experimental data. Results show that there is a diminishing reduction of film thickness with an increasing shaft speed. The computational study allows investigation of oil residence time in the annulus near the bearing. Residence time is seen to reduce with increasing shaft speed and with increasing oil flow rate. This CFD investigation represents the first successful fully coupled two-way ETFM-DPM investigation into the droplet generation process within a bearing chamber application, establishing a firm foundation for future aeroengine bearing chamber modeling.
Impact of differential copayment on patient healthcare choice: evidence from South Korean National Cohort Study
Authors: Jo Sangkyun , Jun Duk Bin , Park Sungho 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWe evaluate the effectiveness of mild disease differential copayment policy aimed at reducing unnecessary patient visits to secondary/tertiary healthcare institutions in South Korea.DesignRetrospective study using difference-in-difference design.SettingSample Research database provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service, between 2010 and 2013.Participants206 947 patients who visited healthcare institutions to treat mild diseases during the sample period.MethodsA linear probability model with difference-in-difference approach was adopted to estimate the changes in patients’ healthcare choices associated with the differential copayment policy. The dependent variable was a binary variable denoting whether a patient visited primary healthcare or secondary/tertiary healthcare to treat her/his mild disease. Patients’ individual characteristics were controlled with a fixed effect.ResultsWe observed significant decrease in the proportion of patients choosing secondary/tertiary healthcare over primary healthcare by 2.99 per cent point. The decrease associated with the policy was smaller by 14% in the low-income group compared with richer population, greater by 19% among the residents of Seoul metropolitan area than among people living elsewhere, and greater among frequent healthcare visitors by 33% than among people who less frequently visit healthcare.ConclusionThe mild disease differential copayment policy of South Korea was successful in discouraging unnecessary visits to secondary/tertiary healthcare institutions to treat mild diseases that can be treated well in primary healthcare.
Internet-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy with telephone coaching for anxious Finnish children aged 10–13 years: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Luntamo Terhi , Korpilahti-Leino Tarja , Ristkari Terja , Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki Sanna , Kurki Marjo , Sinokki Atte , Lamminen Kaisa , Saanakorpi Kristiina , Saarinen Susanna , Maunuksela Marjukka , Sourander Saana , Toivonen Katja , Zadkova Anna , Suilamo Miia , Casagrande Linda , Palmroth Johanna , Sourander A 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionChildhood anxiety is common, causes significant functional impairment and may lead to psychosocial problems by adulthood. Although cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective for treating anxiety, its availability is limited by the lack of trained CBT therapists and easily accessible local services. To address the challenges in both recognition and treatment, this study combines systematic anxiety screening in the general population with a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on internet-assisted CBT (ICBT) with telephone coaching. Child, family and intervention-related factors are studied as possible predictors or moderators, together with the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisThe study is an open two-parallel group RCT, stratified by sex, that compares ICBT with telephone coaching to an education control. Children aged 10–13 are screened at yearly school healthcare check-ups using five items from the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) Questionnaire. The families of children who screen positive for anxiety are contacted to assess the family’s eligibility for the RCT. The inclusion criteria include scoring at least 22 points in the 41-item SCARED Questionnaire. The primary outcome is the SCARED child and parent reports. The secondary outcomes include the impact of anxiety, quality of life, comorbidity, peer relationships, perceptions of school, parental well-being and service use. Additional measures include demographics and life events, anxiety disorder diagnoses, as well as therapeutic partnerships, the use of the programme and general satisfaction among the intervention group.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the research ethics board of the Hospital District of South West Finland and local authorities. Participation is voluntary and based on informed consent. The anonymity of the participants will be protected and the results will be published in a scientific journal and disseminated to healthcare professionals and the general public.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.govNCT03310489, pre-results, initially released on 30 September 2017.
Prevalence and risk factors of depression symptoms among Chinese seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qin Wenzhe , Li Lei , Zhu Dongshan , Ju Chengfei , Bi Pengfei , Li Shixue 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTo curb the spread of COVID-19, most countries have adopted measures such as banning shore leave at ports and placed restrictions on crew change. Seafarers may bear an excess pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression symptoms among Chinese seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsThis field survey-based study was conducted at Rongcheng Port, Shandong Province, China, from 10 June 2020 to 25 July 2020. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics and health-related behaviours were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire. The Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to evaluate depression status during the preceding week. Logistic regression models were used to explore factors related to depression.Results441 male Chinese seafarers were enrolled. Overall, the proportions of seafarers with low, moderate and severe depression symptoms were 23.35%, 9.30% and 9.07%, respectively. Compared with those with good self-rated health (SRH), seafarers with poor SRH had higher odds of depression (OR, 2.24, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.11). Less leisure time or physical exercise was associated with more severe self-reported depression symptoms (1–3 per week vs ≥4 per week: OR, 1.72, 95% CI 0.71 to 4.14; none vs ≥4 per week: OR, 3.93, 95% CI 1.67 to 9.26). Poor sleep quality was associated with higher likelihood of reporting severe depression (fair vs good: OR, 2.78, 95% CI 1.54 to 5.01; poor vs good: OR, 4.30, 95% CI 1.65 to 11.24). The more frequent seafarers worked overtime a week, the higher the likelihood of reporting severe depression symptoms (1–2 per week vs none: OR, 1.82, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.18; ≥3 per week vs none: OR, 2.49, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.92). Also, high perceived work stress was linked to higher odds of being depressed (intermediate vs low: OR, 2.06, 95% CI 0.78 to 5.46; high vs low: OR, 3.83, 95% CI 1.35 to 10.90).ConclusionsThere is a high burden of depression associated with COVID-19 among seafarers. Special interventions that protect the mental health of seafarers are more critical than ever in the context of the pandemic.
End-of-life discussions in residential care homes improves symptom control: a national register study
Authors: Andersson Sofia , Martinsson Lisa , Fürst Carl Johan , Brännström Margareta 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn Europe, residential care homes (RCHs) rather than hospitals are the most common care facilities for the older adult and the place where most deaths occur in this age group. There is a lack of knowledge regarding end-of-life (EOL) discussions and how they correlate with symptoms and symptom relief.ObjectiveThe aim was to examine the correlation between EOL discussions and symptom occurrence, symptom relief and prescriptions or PRN drugs against symptoms for care home residents.MethodsAll expected deaths at RCHs from 1 October 2015 to 31 December 2016 and registered in the Swedish Register of Palliative Care were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to compare the RCH residents, or their family members, who had received documented EOL discussions with a physician (the EOL discussion group) and the non-EOL discussion group.ResultsThe EOL discussion group (n=17 071) had a higher prevalence of pain, nausea, anxiety, death rattles and shortness of breath reported, compared with the non-EOL discussion group (n=4164). Those with symptoms were more often completely relieved and had more often been prescribed PRN drugs against that symptom in the EOL discussion group. All differences remained significant when adjusting for age, time living in unit and cause of death.ConclusionThe results indicate that EOL discussions are correlated with higher prevalence of symptoms, but also with better symptom relief and prescription of symptom drugs PRN when symptomatic. A possible explanation for this is that the EOL discussion can work as an opportunity to discuss symptoms and treatment for symptom relief.
Telehealth: rapid adoption in community palliative care due to COVID-19: patient and professional evaluation
Authors: Eastman Peter , Dowd Anna , White Jacqui , Carter Jill , Ely Matthew 
Published: June 2021

Background/objectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought the use of telehealth to the fore, as many people have been unable to interact directly with healthcare professionals (HCP). For community palliative care (CPC) services, this has meant a sudden change from a predominantly face-to-face model of care to one that incorporates telehealth. Understanding patient and HCP experiences with telehealth and how telehealth compares to ‘usual’ care will be crucial in planning future CPC services.MethodologyAll patients of the Barwon Health CPC service between 1 April and 31 May 2020 were invited to complete a questionnaire evaluating their interactions with the palliative care service and specifically their involvement with telehealth consultations. Palliative care HCP who provided clinical services during the same time period were also surveyed.Results/conclusionSeventy-four patients (response rate 36%) and 22 HCP returned surveys. Both groups felt comfortable using telehealth, however, also encountered a range of issues when undertaking telehealth consultations. Despite reporting issues, the preference of both groups was for a CPC service model, which combined face-to-face and telehealth consultations. This study is one of the first to directly ask this question and as such provides useful guidance for health services when planning future CPC service models.
Symptoms of advanced cancer in palliative medicine: a longitudinal study
Authors: Rojas-Concha Leslye , Hansen Maiken Bang , Petersen Morten Aagaard , Groenvold Mogens 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the symptomatology of patients with advanced cancer at admittance to palliative care services and to investigate how the symptomatology changed during the first month, and whether these changes were associated with various patient characteristics.MethodsIn a longitudinal study in Chile, outpatients with advanced cancer completed the questionnaires European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 Palliative Care and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Prevalence and severity of symptoms and problems (S/Ps) at baseline were calculated. Differences in S/P scores from baseline to follow-up were calculated overall and according to patient characteristics. Multiple linear regression was used to study the associations between patient characteristics and changes in S/P scores.ResultsAt baseline, 201 patients answered the questionnaires and 177 completed the follow-up. Fatigue, pain and sleeping difficulties were the most prevalent S/Ps reported, and also had the highest mean scores at baseline. S/P scores at baseline varied significantly according to sex, age, civil status, residence, children, prior and current antineoplastic treatment. Emotional functioning, pain, sleeping difficulties, constipation and anxiety improved significantly during the first month of palliative care. Residence, cohabitation status, diagnosis and current antineoplastic treatment were associated with changes in S/P scores.ConclusionsPatients reported moderate-to-severe levels of S/Ps at admittance to palliative care. Several S/Ps improved the first month. Certain patient characteristics were associated with changes in S/P scores. This information may guide clinicians to more effective interventions that can improve the quality of life of patients receiving palliative care.
Clinical benefits of prone positioning in the treatment of non-intubated patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Richards Hayden , Robins-Browne Karen , O'Brien Troy , Wilson Greer , Furyk Jeremy 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in critically unwell patients with type 1 respiratory failure. In an attempt to reduce the number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation, prone positioning (PP) of non-intubated patients has been added to many hospital guidelines around the world. We set out to conduct a systematic review of the evidence relating to PP in the non-intubated patient with type 1 respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 and other causes.MethodsThe review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. A literature search of major databases and grey sources was conducted. Studies were assessed for inclusion by two authors according to prespecified criteria. Data collection processes, analysis and risk of bias assessment were planned.Results31 studies were included for analysis. These consisted of prospective and retrospective case series, cohort studies and case reports. None of the studies included a comparison group. No statistical analysis was performed. Descriptive data of included studies and narrative synthesis are presented.ConclusionsNo high-quality randomised controlled trials were found and thus evidence in relation to PP as a treatment for non-intubated patients with type 1 respiratory failure is lacking.
Cost-effectiveness of extending the HPV vaccination to boys: a systematic review
Authors: Linertová Renata , Guirado-Fuentes Carmen , Mar Medina Javier , Imaz-Iglesia Iñaki , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Leticia , Carmona-Rodríguez Montserrat 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection can have severe consequences both in women and men. Preadolescent girls are vaccinated against HPV worldwide but a gender-neutral vaccination is being adopted only little by little. This systematic review offers an overview of cost-effectiveness of the gender-neutral HPV vaccination.MethodsEconomic evaluations of gender-neutral HPV vaccination with a two-dose schedule compared with girls-only strategy were systematically searched in Medline, Embase and WOS up to June 2020. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and key parameters were analysed.ResultsNine studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies concluded in favour of the gender-neutral programme, another four found it cost-effective only in alternative scenarios. The most influential parameters are the discount rate of benefits (same as for costs vs reduced), vaccine price (listed vs publicly negotiated) and included health problems (inclusion of oropharyngeal and penile cancers). Sponsorship was not decisive for the final result, but there were differences between industry-funded and independent studies in some cost categories.ConclusionsThe evidence of the cost-effectiveness of extending HPV vaccination to boys is scarce and ambiguous. Before the adoption of such a strategy, countries should carry out context-specific cost-effectiveness analyses, but the decision should also take into account other criteria, such as gender-related equality.
Hypercoagulability in pregnant trauma patients
Authors: Toelle Lisa J , Hatton Gabrielle E , Refuerzo Jerrie S , Wade Charles E , Cotton Bryan A , Kao Lillian S 
Published: June 2021

Circulating hormones affect coagulopathy in pregnancy and after trauma. The hemostatic profile of pregnant women after injury has not been characterized. We hypothesized that injured pregnant females would present with an initial thrombelastography (TEG) reflecting a more hypercoagulable profile and a higher incidence of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) when compared with non-pregnant females and males.MethodsCohort study of adult trauma patients with TEG measured on arrival was performed from 2009 to 2018 with data extracted from medical records. Nearest-neighbor matching was used to match each pregnant patient by age, Injury Severity Score, prehospital transfusion, and arrival Glasgow Coma Scale with non-pregnant females and males, each in a maximum 1:4 ratio. Hypercoagulable profiles were defined as alpha (α) angle ≥76° and maximum amplitude (MA) ≥65 mm. Lysis at 30 minutes after MA (LY-30) was considered high if ≥3.0% and low if ≤0.8%. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed.ResultsSeventy-six pregnant trauma patients were matched to 301 non-pregnant females and 301 males. Demographics were similar between groups, except pregnant females more frequently suffered blunt trauma. Pregnant females presented with a higher α angle, high MA and lower LY-30 than both control groups. Pregnant females met hypercoagulable criteria and had a low LY-30 more frequently than non-pregnant females and males. No pregnant patient versus 2% in each control group developed VTE. Transfusion requirements in the first 24 hours after admission and mortality were similar between groups. After adjustment, low MA and high LY-30 were associated with increased odds of mortality, regardless of sex or pregnancy. Hypocoagulable α angle was associated with pregnancy complications.ConclusionInjured pregnant females frequently presented with a profile that would be considered hypercoagulable under normal reference ranges. However, given the absence of VTE events, this profile may be non-pathologic.Level of evidenceIV.
Probing effective field theory approach in the CP violating minimal linear $$\sigma $$ model
Authors: Alonso-González J. , Lizana J. M. , Martínez-Fernández V. , Merlo L. , Pokorski S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Minimal Linear $$\sigma $$
σ
Model is a useful theoretical laboratory. One can investigate in a perturbative renormalisable model the properties of the Higgs boson as a pseudo-Goldstone boson, the phenomenological effects of the radial mode of the field $$\texttt {s}$$
s
which spontaneously breaks the global SO(5) symmetry and the validity of conclusions based on the Effective Field Theory approach with the field $$\texttt {s}$$
s
in the spectrum, after the decoupling of heavy degrees of freedom. In this paper all those issues are discussed in the framework of the Minimal Linear $$\sigma $$
σ
Model with CP violating phases leading to pseudoscalar components in the effective Standard Model Yukawa couplings. Also the character of the electroweak phase transition in the presence of the field $$\texttt {s}$$
s
is investigated.