bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and simulation of heat sink for exhaust heat recovery system using thermoelectric generator
Authors: Patra Ayush Kumar , Tripathi Aditya , Vijay Krishna N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Heat sinks are a classification of heat exchangers ideally utilised in electronics to cool them. They can be simply fabricated, have low cost and are reliable for heat dissipation purpose. The protruding surfaces from them are called fins. They can be flat-plate or pin shaped. The aim of the present study is to investigate the performance characteristics of a heat sink. The materials and the fin design will be used as two major factors to increase the heat dissipation from the test apparatus. The project will show a three-dimensional analysis, using COMSOL 5.3a, which will verify with accessible exploratory information in the existing data for a continued finned heat sink. It will also identify the heat dissipation and mean temperature distribution of the heat sink for natural convection. Before moving on to design and simulation of heat sink, the first aim was to construct and simulate a leg of a thermoelectric generator model for obtaining the optimum working region of the thermoelectric generator taking into consideration the properties such as temperature difference and heat transfer coefficient. Therefore, available research techniques are briefed upon which enhance the heat removal from heat sinks.
Cryogen Free Cryostat
Authors: Sathik S Sahubar , Vijayakumar M , Indra Kumar C , Selvakumar P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The advanced neutron facilities at low temperature below 1k are mainly based on helium refrigerator inserts and dilution that are used with orange cryostat (OC) or similar type of system. Recently global helium supplied problem causes the increased cost of liquid helium that has been raised the concerns about the affordability of cryostat. In this model the design and results are mainly based on the top loading cryostat which are cryogen free. The dilution refrigerator insert which are used in this model will provide sample environment for neutron scattering experiment that is seen between the temperature ranges from (36 mK to 293 mK). The refrigerator insert are operated in the continuous regimen. The cooling time and orange cryostat which are insert are always similar to each other. The performance criteria thar are created are based on the base temperature, rate of compatible and the cooling power which are present in the specification of the standard dilution refrigerator. This system will offers many types of operating parameters that are similar to orange cryostat but does not cause any complications of cryogens. In this model the first scientific result are obtained which are in the low temperature based neuron scattering experiment with the system are also discussed.
Developments in 3D Printable Composite Material
Authors: Senthil Kumar S , Wahab Gundluru Mahammad , Srinivas Lekkala Yuva , Jaswanth Aumalasetty , Thulasi Reddy Guddeti Rama 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The generic printing materials based on the filament with the proper unique properties In recent years 3-D technology has become one of mostly used prototype methods for various applications. 3-d printing technology was now adopted in many areas of research and development sectors these technology was increasing the demand of improvement and this properties of verifying and by blending the materials exhibited using varies properties to for manufacturing high performance composites. In day-to-day-life composites have already utilized as a wide range of applications which included in manufacturing of the biomedical components, mechanical components and electrical. The 3-D printed composites were manufactured till the ability range of manufacturing complex-shapes and the geo-metrical shapes in the low cost production and the advantages in the prototypes this review causes all the recent developments, reports and properties of developing the 3-D printable materials have been modifies either by the nano-particles, fibres and other polymers in the field of mechanical and electrical sectors.
Application of shape memory alloys in engineering – A review
Authors: Balasubramanian M , Srimath R , Vignesh L , Rajesh S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Shape Memory Alloy is a smart alloy which retains their original shape under thermomechanical or magnetic variation. Shape Memory Alloy are widely used in different engineering field because of its superior properties and variety of application. Recent research of SMA has been applied in the field of Aerospace, Automotive, Biomedical, and Robotics. This memory effect is due to the presence of austenite and martensite crystalline structures. These alloys are bio-compatible, lightweight, and also possess a high force-to-weight ratio. Due to this SMA actuators are very much suitable for soft robotic applications. However, due to high cooling times during phase change, SMA has small bandwidth and low operating frequencies. This alloy can replace a sensor as it performs the same work done by sensors or transducer. An extensive review of history, material characterization, and opportunities of SMA in the engineering field.
EFFECT OF COFLOW ON SONIC JET
Authors: Rajkumar S , Aravindh Kumar S M , Vasanthakumar P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The sonic coflow effect on the core length of sonic primary jet was experimentally investigated in this research work. A circular convergent nozzle was used for both core and coflow jet studies. The 1mm annular gap was maintained between the coflow and core nozzles. The nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) was varied from 3 to 5, insteps of 1 for both the nozzles. For each primary NPR, the NPR of coflow was varied, and the shadowgraph flow visualization was carried out. From the shadowgraph visualization results it was observed that the sonic primary jet core length increases with increasing pressure ratio without coflow. With sonic coflow, the primary jet core length started to increase further with increasing coflow NPR. That is, the increase of sonic coflow NPR at each sonic primary jet NPR resulted in the elongation of core. Therefore, the introduction of coflow has resulted in core length elongation at all the levels of underexpansion. The primary jet core elongation due to the presence of coflow resulted in the weakening of shock strength in the primary jet core.
Review on production of bio-diesel fuel and the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel-fuelled compression ignition engine
Authors: Nataraj M , Thanigaivelan V , Pradeep Devaneyan S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
By and by, the inventory of contracting petroleum by-product stores, and the ascent in challenges in natural, political and economic have an effect on have brought on the considerable issues in the development of current day culture; these have limited the association producers and experts to search for the inexhaustible and environmentally pleasant strength gasoline sources. Bio diesel is by means of all money owed a promising environmentally pleasant electricity asset. This paper examinations the one of a kind highlights like accessibility, ester content, easy transformation of seed into biodiesel, a range of types of mixes and execution and emanation attributes for biodiesel creation. It was once illustrated that the burning ascribes of biodiesel are shut as diesel and mixes had been located little begin delay, greater begin pressure, greater begin temperature, and pinnacle warmness freedom. The pressure yield of a motor was once determined to be indistinguishable from that of diesel fuel. Likewise, it noticed that the base impetuses are extra profitable than corrosive impetuses and compounds
Studies on the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a plastic oil fueled CRDI engine with variable compression ratio
Authors: Swain Swaraj Kumar , Rawat Gunjit , Suresh Kumar K , Balaji G 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the modern days, the entire world is experiencing the sudden rise in energy needs. Strict emission rules and exhaust of oil reserves have led the scientists around the world to look into different fuels for IC engines. On other context, plastic wastes are currently the biggest problem across the globe for their indispensable nature and the alarming increase in the use of plastic for industrial applications. In this context, plastic oil has been considered as an alternative to the fossil fuels, as the properties of the oil extracted from waste Polyethylene are at par with those of diesel. Literature review reveals the fact that automobile sector ranks highest in polluting the environment through the emission of CO, CO2, NOx and unburnt hydrocarbon. In the present work, an investigation has been carried out to convert the waste plastic into a combustible oil and use of this oil blended with diesel to run a 4- stroke, 3.5kW, single cylinder, CRDI engine. Plastic oil has been prepared by pyrolysis process and subjected to fractional distillation. A blend consisting of 10% of this oil and 90% of diesel has been used as the fuel to run the engine at three different compression ratios. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine have been analyzed and reported. The results reveal a marginal increase in BTE, CO2, NOx and decrease in BSFC, CO, HC and smoke emissions.
Multi-layer neural network for solving problems of recognition of drained crop areas
Authors: Tokarev K E , Tokareva Yu M , Aleksandrina N A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the design and software implementation of neural network modules for solving problems of image recognition. In particular, it describes the development of a module for network training and recognition of input pulses, which made it possible to recognize, process and analyse aerial photographs of agricultural crops as objects of identification based on the use of a multi-layer deep learning neural network. The practical use of the software tool is possible for the study and study of the peculiarities of cultivation in conditions of irrigation and differentiated placement.
Structure–activity relationship of the aromatic moiety of 6-substituted 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one to find the novel compound showing higher plant growth inhibitory activity
Authors: Ochi Ryota , Yoneyama Kaori , Nishiwaki Hisashi , Yamauchi Satoshi 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In the course of our research on the structure–activity relationship of 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one, (S)-6-[(R)-2-hydroxy-6-(4-fluorophenyl)hexyl]-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one was found to show 2-3-fold more potent plant growth inhibitory activity against Italian ryegrass shoots (IC50 = 95 µm) and roots (IC50 = 17 µm) than compound bearing unsubstituted phenyl group. The small and electron withdrawing atom at 4-position of the benzene ring caused the higher activity.
Prenatal exposure to a mixture of phthalates accelerates the age-related decline in reproductive capacity but may not affect direct biomarkers of ovarian aging in the F1 generation of female mice
Authors: Brehm Emily , Flaws Jodi A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Phthalates are used in many consumer products, leading to daily human exposure. Although many studies focus on single phthalates, humans are exposed to mixtures of phthalates. Our laboratory created a phthalate mixture consisting of six different phthalates and found that it negatively affected female reproduction and accelerated some biomarkers of reproductive aging. However, it was unknown if prenatal exposure to the mixture accelerates the natural decline in reproductive capacity and ovarian aging in mice. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to a phthalate mixture accelerates the age-related decline in reproductive capacity and biomarkers of ovarian aging in the F1 generation of mice. Pregnant CD-1 dams were orally dosed with control or phthalate mixture (20 µg/kg/day–200 mg/kg/day) daily from gestational day 10—birth. The F1 female pups were aged to 11–13 months, and then estrous cyclicity and breeding trials were conducted at 11 and 13 months. Ovaries were collected from the F1 females at 13 months to examine biomarkers of ovarian aging. Prenatal exposure to the phthalate mixture decreased the time the F1 females spent in proestrus and the ability of the F1 females to give birth at 11 and 13 months of age compared to control. In contrast, prenatal exposure to the mixture did not affect biomarkers of direct aging of the ovary in the F1 generation. Collectively, our data show that prenatal phthalate mixture exposure accelerates the natural age-related decline in reproductive capacity but may not affect some biomarkers of ovarian aging in the F1 generation.
The year 2020 in the European Heart Journal—Cardiovascular Imaging: part II
Authors: Cosyns Bernard , Sade Leyla Elif , Gerber Bernhard L , Gimelli Alessia , Muraru Denisa , Maurer Gerald , Edvardsen Thor 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The European Heart Journal—Cardiovascular Imaging was launched in 2012 and has during these years become one of the leading multimodality cardiovascular imaging journal. The journal is now established as one of the top cardiovascular journals and is the most important cardiovascular imaging journal in Europe. The most important studies published in our Journal from 2020 will be highlighted in two reports. Part II will focus on valvular heart disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathies, and congenital heart disease. While Part I of the review has focused on studies about myocardial function and risk prediction, myocardial ischaemia, and emerging techniques in cardiovascular imaging.
Impact of low-dose or under-dose direct oral anticoagulant on coagulation and fibrinolytic markers in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Watanabe T , Tachibana K , Shinoda Y , Minamisaka T , Inui H , Ueno K , Inoue S , Hoshida S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to increase the risks of cerebral and systemic embolism. Apart from vitamin K antagonists, edoxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), has been approved for oral anticoagulation in patients with non-valvular AF. On the other hand, DOACs are sometimes prescribed at off-label under-doses for patients who have undergone ablation for AF. Prothrombin fragment F1+2 is an activation peptide released from prothrombin during thrombin formation. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of DOAC doses on coagulation and fibrinolytic markers.

Methods and results
A total of 88 patients with AF (age: 68±11 years, male:45%, paroxysmal AF n=49, persistent AF n=39) were recruited. All patients were received edoxaban (60mg or 30mg) once a day. For the purpose of the study, patients were divided into three groups according to whether they had been treated before the ablation procedure under an appropriate standard dose group (n=30 [34.1%]), appropriate low-dose group (n=35 [39.8%]), or off-label under-dose group (n=23 [26.1%]). We examined the coagulation and fibrinolytic markers, and echocardiographic parameters before ablation. All patients were followed up for 12 months after AF ablation. Creatinine clearance was significantly higher in appropriate standard-dose group than in appropriate low-dose or off-label under-dose group (101.1±38.4, 57.1±15.9 and 73.2±14.6 mL/min, respectively; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant baseline differences in AF type, history of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), plasma B-type natriuretic peptide, protein C, fibrinogen, D-dimer level, left ventricular ejection fraction or left atrium dimension among the three groups. Prothrombin fragment F1+2 level was significantly lower in the appropriate standard-dose group than the appropriate low-dose and off-label under-dose groups (105.9±29.4, 142.6±41.3 and 142.8±84.9 pmol/L, respectively; P=0.011, Figure). One patient in the appropriate low-dose group had a TIA and 1 patient in the off-label under-dose group had a bleeding event during the follow up period after ablation.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that an appropriate standard dose of edoxaban is needed to suppress hypercoagulability in patients with AF.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Prothrombin fragment F1+2 level
Utilization of Urea or Polymer-Coated Urea in Florida Slash Pinestraw Production
Authors: Osiecka Anna , Minogue Patrick J , Lauer Dwight K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Controlled-release fertilizers may improve productivity and mitigate environmental hazards in Southern pine plantations intensively managed for pinestraw harvesting. We examined the effects of pinestraw removal and fertilization with conventional and polymer-coated urea (PCU) on foliar, needlefall, and pinestraw nutrients and yields in a North Florida slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantation. Raking treatments (raked or nonraked) were applied annually in February 2014–2017. Fertilization treatments (PCU at 0, 28, 56, 140, or urea at 56 kg N ha−1 year−1) were applied annually in June 2014–2016. Four years of pinestraw removal did not affect needlefall mass or foliar and needlefall nutrient concentrations. The positive fertilization rate effect on pinestraw yield, needlefall mass, foliar, needlefall, and pinestraw total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and K concentrations, and on foliar and needlefall Ca concentrations increased in magnitude with subsequent applications. TKN, total P, and K concentrations were lower in needlefall and pinestraw relative to foliage by 65%–90%, whereas Ca concentrations were higher by 120%–180%. Three PCU applications at 140 N ha−1 year−1 increased three-year cumulative pinestraw yield over the control by 19% and TKN, K, Ca, and Mg removals by 49%, 86%, 24%, and 32%, respectively. Responses to PCU did not differ from urea.
Norbuprenorphine Interferences in Urine Drug Testing LC–MS-MS Confirmation Methods from Quetiapine Metabolites
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Ana Celia , Pekol Teresa , Awad Amber , Hackett Phillip , Sullivan Lynnea , Rodrigues Art , Brelsford Erin , Engert Richard , Savery Debra , Andrade Lawrence 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Norbuprenorphine interferences were observed in urine drug testing LC–MS-MS confirmation methods used to assess patient compliance with prescribed buprenorphine for chronic pain and opioid use disorder. The interferences were observed in the norbuprenorphine MS-MS transitions, m/z 414.4/83.1 and 414.4/187.2, at and near the norbuprenorphine retention time at multiple laboratories using different sample preparation procedures and chromatographic conditions. When the interferences were present, a norbuprenorphine result could not be reported. Upon investigation, the interferences were correlated with prescribed quetiapine (Seroquel, Seroquel XR), a second-generation antipsychotic medication approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and more recently as an adjunct treatment for major depressive disorder. In addition to the approved indications, quetiapine is prescribed off-label for other conditions including insomnia and anxiety disorders. Off-label prescribing has increased in recent years, thereby exacerbating this analytical issue. Here, we present the study of four quetiapine metabolites found to have significant direct or potential interferences in norbuprenorphine quantitation. The four metabolites were putatively identified as two hydroxyquetiapine acids differing in the site of hydroxylation and a quetiapine sulfoxide acid diastereomer pair. As a result of this study, interference-free norbuprenorphine MS-MS transitions, m/z 414.4/340.2 and 414.4/326.1, were found that were selective for norbuprenorphine while maintaining an acceptable 10 ng/mL lower limit of quantitation.
Usage of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia Secondary to Burn Injury: A Case Series
Authors: Luo Hongmin , Chi Yunfei , Chen Xin , Chai Jiake 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) is a reactive epithelial proliferation secondary to a wide range of stimuli, including traumatic injury, inflammation, infection, and tumors of the skin. PEH secondary to burn injury is rarely reported. We report three cases of PEH patients after burn injury. All three cases were confirmed with the existence of bacterial infection, and all these cases were second- or third-degree burns. All three patients were treated with negative pressure wound therapy after wound debridement or tangential excision. All the wounds healed without split-thickness skin grafting and recurrence.
Bioethical Boundaries, Critiques of Current Paradigms, and the Importance of Transparency
Authors: Parker J Clint 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy is dedicated to topics in clinical ethics with essays addressing clinician participation in state sponsored execution, duties to decrease ecological footprints in medicine, the concept of caring and its relationship to conscientious refusal, the dilemmas involved in dual use research, a philosophical and practical critique of principlism, conundrums that arise when applying surrogate decision-making models to patients with moderate intellectual disabilities, the phenomenology of chronic disease, and ethical concerns surrounding the use of artificial intelligence in medicine. Throughout the issue, the themes of conceptual and moral boundaries in bioethics, critiques of current clinical ethics paradigms, and the importance of transparency are prominent.
Sulphide Petrology and Contribution of Subducted Sulphur in Diamondiferous Garnet-Bearing Pyroxenites from Beni Bousera (Northern Morocco)
Authors: Lorand Jean-Pierre , Pont Sylvain , Labidi Jabrane , Cartigny Pierre , El Atrassi Fatima 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the unusual sulphide–graphite association of a selection of Beni Bousera garnet clinopyroxenites that initially equilibrated within the diamond stability field. Compared with common graphite-free garnet pyroxenites analysed so far, these rocks display tenfold S enrichment with concentrations up to 5550 μg g–1. Fe–Ni–Cu sulphides (up to 1·5 wt%) consist of large (up to 3 mm across), low-Ni pyrrrhotite (&lt;0·1 wt% Ni) of troilite composition, along with volumetrically minor chalcopyrite and pentlandite. Such assemblages are interpreted as low-temperature (&lt;100 °C) subsolidus exsolution products from homogeneous monosulphide solid solution. Troilite compositions of the pyrrhotite indicate strongly reducing conditions that are estimated to be slightly above the iron–wüstite (IW) buffer. Bulk-sulphide compositions are closer to the FeS end-member (i.e. Cu- and Ni-depleted) than other sulphide occurrences in mantle-derived pyroxenites described so far. Moreover, troilite contains trace metal microphases (Pb and Ag tellurides, molybdenite) that have never been reported before from mantle-derived garnet pyroxenites but occur in diamond-hosted eclogitic sulphide inclusions. Beni Bousera sulphides also show strong similarities to diamond-hosted sulphide inclusions of eclogitic affinity for a wide range of chalcophile–siderophile trace element contents. In view of the widespread molybdenite exsolution, coupled with Mo and S/Se/Te systematics of sulphide compositions (7872 &lt; S/Se &lt; 19 776; 15 &lt; Se/Te &lt; 31), black-shale pyrite is a potential sedimentary component to contribute to the petrogenesis of Beni Bousera garnet clinopyroxenites. Black shales would have recycled along with cumulates from the oceanic crust in the mantle source of Beni Bousera pyroxenites. Pyrite underwent desulfidation and replacement by troilite during subduction and prograde metamorphism, releasing its fluid-mobile elements (As, Sb, Pb) while suffering minimum S loss because of the strongly reduced conditions. Taken as a whole, our body of data supports a common origin for carbon (−27 ‰ &lt; δ13C &lt; −17 ‰) and sulphur and concomitant formation of diamond and sulphides. Both elements were delivered by an extraneous sedimentary component mixed with the altered oceanic crust rocks that was involved in the genesis of Beni Bousera garnet pyroxenites, prior to a Proterozoic partial melting event.