bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the entangled state and molecular weight ofUHMWPEon the microstructure and mechanical properties ofHDPE/UHMWPEblends
Authors: Tao Gan , Chen Yuming , Mu Jingshan , Zhang Letian , Ye Chunlin , Li Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThree types of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with different entangled state and molecular weight were blended with high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix by melt blending. Rheology, 2D‐SAXS, 2D‐WAXD, DSC, and mechanical tests were used to study the evolution and difference of microstructure and mechanical properties of the blends. The addition of weakly entangled UHMWPE enhanced the chain diffusion and chain orientation ability under a specific flow field. Thus, the rheological properties and mechanical properties of the blends were improved with the mix of weakly entangled UHMWPE. The mechanical properties enhancement effect of HDPE/UHMWPE blends with weakly entangled UHMWPE was owing to the shish‐kebab structure formed in the injection molding process. The molecular chains of UHMWPE with a low degree of entanglement and high molecular weight increased the lamella size and crystallinity of the blends during processing. This leads to the formation of more oriented shish structures and more kebab lamella. Besides, the molecular chains of weakly entangled UHMWPE were better interlocked and intertwined with other polyethylene chains in the amorphous region, acting as the tie molecules, significantly improving the impact resistance.
Just Aquatic Governance: The Amazon basin as fertile ground for aligning participatory conservation with social justice
Authors: Lopes Priscila F. M. , de Freitas Carolina Tavares , Hallwass Gustavo , Silvano Renato A. M. , Begossi Alpina , Campos‐Silva João Vitor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Governance of natural resources in the Amazon has changed over time, especially when it comes to participatory regimes. Yet these regimes have rarely focused on the conservation of aquatic systems or have failed to fully deliver social justice.
Participatory regimes in the Amazon basin that rely on the provision of freshwater ecosystem services can potentially favour transformative and just conservation. A framework referred to as the ‘Just Aquatic Governance’ model is proposed to organize and facilitate the transition of continuing and future endeavours that seek conservation while also supporting distinct aspects of social justice.
If conservation of aquatic systems can be reconciled with all aspects of social justice, then transformative and just governance regimes could emerge without further burdening those at the forefront of conservation.
The Just Aquatic Governance framework is divided into three aspects of social justice, organized according to the following pillars: (i) recognitional – support for cultural diversity and the maintenance of livelihoods, including food security; (ii) procedural – the right to autonomy and territory, and support for participatory forms of governance; and (iii) distributional – promotion of gender equality and fair distribution of economic benefits.
Although not a panacea, the model proposed here, which can also influence policy strategies, can potentially align both conservation demands and social aspirations in the Amazon – a historical, yet still imperative, need in the region.
Interpretation of acupoint location in traditional Chinese medicine teaching: Implications for acupuncture in research and clinical practice
Authors: Zhang Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcupuncture is a therapeutic intervention of traditional Chinese medicine, characterized by the insertion of a fine metal needle through the human body's skin at an acupuncture point (acupoint). Acupuncture has become from cultural curiosity to fast‐growing complementary and alternative medicine therapy worldwide, including in the United States. The ability to locate acupoints on the body surface precisely is critical for the acupuncture treatment. However, the location of acupoints varies frequently among practitioners. Therefore, in the present study, the author will address the application of acupoint in traditional Chinese medicine (including the anatomical location of acupoint) to draw attention to the issues about the acupoint location in acupuncture research and clinical practice. Moreover, further studies are needed to determine whether acupoint location with specificity could be validated by employing reliable tools. In the future, the incongruity among acupuncturists regarding acupoint location should be resolved, and the acupoint location methods with more accuracy should be developed.
Simple confidence interval and region formulas for comparing diagnostic likelihood ratios under a paired design
Authors: Wu Yougui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA population‐based paired design is often used for comparing the diagnostic likelihood ratios of two binary diagnostic tests. However, a case‐control paired design, which involves the application of both diagnostic tests to two independent samples, is a good alternative study design especially when the disease is rare. Existing methods for comparing two diagnostic likelihood ratios have been mainly focused on the population‐based paired design with little attention paid to the case‐control paired design. In this paper, we derive a confidence interval formula for the relative diagnostic likelihood ratio (the ratio of two diagnostic likelihood ratios), which can be used for the comparison of two positive or negative diagnostic likelihood ratios separately. We also derive a confidence region formula for the two relative positive and negative diagnostic likelihood ratios, which allows simultaneous comparison of two positive and negative diagnostic likelihood ratios. The proposed confidence interval and region formulas are simple to compute and can be used for both population‐based paired design and case‐control paired designs. Simulation studies are used to assess the finite sample performance of the confidence interval and region formulas. The proposed methods are applied to a real data set on coronary artery disease and two diagnostic tests.
Five New Triene Derivatives from the Fungus Penicillium herquei JX4
Authors: Luo Ze‐Wu , Tang Min‐Min , Zhou Xue‐Ming , Song Xin‐Ming , Yi Ji‐Ling , Zhang Bin , Yang Jing‐Yu , Chen Guang‐Ying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFive undescribed triene derivatives, pinophols B–F (2–6), together with one known compound, pinophol A (1), were obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium herquei JX4. The structures of compounds 1–6 were elucidated using IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and NMR methods. The absolute configurations of compounds 1–6 were confirmed by comparing their experimental or calculated ECD spectra. Pinophols C and D (3 and 4) showed inhibitory activities against LPS‐induced NO production.
Principal component regression that minimizes the sum of the squares of the relative errors: Application in multivariate calibration models
Authors: Valencia Olga , Ortiz María Cruz , Sarabia Luis Antonio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRelative errors are typically used in chemometrics to evaluate the performance of a multivariate predictive model. However, these models are not obtained through the criterion of minimizing relative errors, as would be expected in a model whose response is the concentration of an analyte. There are no studies in chemometrics on the use of a principal component regression that minimizes the sum of the squares of the relative errors. This work proposes a model, which serves this purpose. The suggested model, wPCR, has been applied to 7 datasets with 12 predicted responses, 10 of which are multivariate calibrations of analytes in complex mixtures based on instrumental signals coming from various analytical techniques. As PCR and wPCR are methods seeking to optimize different criteria, each one achieves a better performance with respect to its own criterion. Therefore, the new model wPCR leads to better results insofar as the relative errors are considered, especially for the smallest responses. In this sense, the wPCR model also outperforms PCR with logarithmic transformation of the response (logPCR). In addition, as for the performance of the method using Joint Confidence Regions for the intercept and the slope of the accuracy line, it is shown that the application of wPCR does not introduce bias, neither constant nor proportional for the models built, nor a systematic alteration of the achievable accuracy.
Artificial photosynthesis – hydrogen production in a one‐pot‐cell
Authors: Kremer Richard , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia , Tausch Michael W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIm Beitrag wird erstmalig über die photokatalytische Herstellung von Wasserstoff in einer LED‐betriebenen Eintopfzelle berichtet. Dabei werden wesentliche Teilprozesse der künstlichen Photosynthese verwirklicht, wobei Basiskonzepte und Pflichtinhalte des Chemieunterrichts zur Anwendung kommen. Die ausführliche Beschreibung des neuen Modellexperiments im Artikel wird durch ein online verfügbares Video ergänzt. Die didaktische Brückenfunktion von Eintopfzellen zwischen Zweitopfzellen mit getrennten Reaktionsräumen und kompakten Bauelementen in der Technik wird anhand von Beispielen elektrochemischer, photogalvanischer und photokatalytischer Zellen erläutert.
Computing Metal‐Binding Proteins for Therapeutic Benefit
Authors: Spinello Angelo , Borišek Jure , Pavlin Matic , Janoš Pavel , Magistrato Alessandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver one third of biomolecules rely on metal ions to exert their cellular functions. Metal ions can play a structural role by stabilizing the structure of biomolecules, a functional role by promoting a wide variety of biochemical reactions, and a regulatory role by acting as messengers upon binding to proteins regulating cellular metal‐homeostasis. These diverse roles in biology ascribe critical implications to metal‐binding proteins in the onset of many diseases. Hence, it is of utmost importance to exhaustively unlock the different mechanistic facets of metal‐binding proteins and to harness this knowledge to rationally devise novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or cure pathological states associated with metal‐dependent cellular dysfunctions. In this compendium, we illustrate how the use of a computational arsenal based on docking, classical, and quantum‐classical molecular dynamics simulations can contribute to extricate the minutiae of the catalytic, transport, and inhibition mechanisms of metal‐binding proteins at the atomic level. This knowledge represents a fertile ground and an essential prerequisite for selectively targeting metal‐binding proteins with small‐molecule inhibitors aiming to (i) abrogate deregulated metal‐dependent (mis)functions or (ii) leverage metal‐dyshomeostasis to selectively trigger harmful cells death.
Overall survival of myelodysplastic syndrome patients after azacitidine discontinuation and applicability of the North American MDS Consortium scoring system in clinical practice
Authors: Clavio Marino , Crisà Elena , Miglino Maurizio , Guolo Fabio , Ceccarelli Manuela , Salvi Flavia , Allione Bernardino , Ferrero Dario , Balleari Enrico , Finelli Carlo , Poloni Antonella , Selleri Carmine , Danise Paolo , Cilloni Daniela , Di Tucci Anna Angela , Cametti Gianni , Freilone Roberto , Fanin Renato , Bigazzi Catia , Zambello Renato , Crugnola Monica , Oliva Esther N. , Centurioni Riccardo , Alesiani Francesco , Catarini Massimo , Castelli Andrea , Abbadessa Antonio , Capalbo Silvana F. , Musto Pellegrino , Angelucci Emanuele , Santini Valeria 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAzacitidine (AZA) is the standard treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); however, many patients prematurely stop therapy and have a dismal outcome.MethodsThe authors analyzed outcomes after AZA treatment for 402 MDS patients consecutively enrolled in the Italian MDS Registry of the Fondazione Italiana Sindromi Mielodisplastiche, and they evaluated the North American MDS Consortium scoring system in a clinical practice setting.ResultsAt treatment discontinuation, 20.3% of the patients were still responding to AZA, 35.4% of the cases had primary resistance, and 44.3% developed adaptive resistance. Overall survival (OS) was better for patients who discontinued treatment while in response because of planned allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT; median OS, not reached) in comparison with patients with primary resistance (median OS, 4 months) or adaptive resistance (median OS, 5 months) or patients responsive but noncompliant/intolerant to AZA (median OS, 4 months; P = .004). After AZA discontinuation, 309 patients (77%) received best supportive care (BSC), 60 (15%) received active treatments, and 33 (8%) received HSCT. HSCT was associated with a significant survival advantage, regardless of the response to AZA. The North American MDS Consortium scoring system was evaluable in 278 of the 402 cases: patients at high risk had worse OS than patients at low risk (3 and 7 months, respectively; P < .001). The score was predictive of survival both in patients receiving BSC (median OS, 2 months for high‐risk patients vs 5 months for low‐risk patients) and in patients being actively treated (median OS, 8 months for high‐risk patients vs 16 months for low‐risk patients; P < .001), including transplant patients.ConclusionsReal‐life data confirm that this prognostic scoring system for MDS patients failing a hypomethylating agent seems to be a useful tool for optimal prognostic stratification and for choosing a second‐line treatment after AZA discontinuation.
Impact of optional multidisciplinary tumor board meeting on the mortality of patients with gastrointestinal cancer: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Basendowah Mohammed , Awlia Alaa M. , Alamoudi Hanin A. , Ali Kanawi Hala M. , Saleem Abdulaziz , Malibary Nadim , Hijazi Hussam , Alfawaz Mohammed , Alzahrani Anas H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultidisciplinary tumor board meetings (MDTs) have shown a positive effect on patient care and play a role in the planning of care. However, there is limited evidence of the association between MDTs and patient mortality and in‐hospital morbidity for mixed cases of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.AimTo evaluate the influence of optional MDTs on care of patients with cancer to determine potential associations between MDTs and patient mortality and morbidity.Methods and resultsThis was a retrospective observational study at the referral center of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Among all adult patients diagnosed with GI cancer from January 2017 to June 2019, 130 patients were included. We categorized patients into two groups: 66 in the control group (non‐MDT) and 64 in the MDT group. The main outcome measure was overall mortality, measured by survival analysis. The follow‐up was 100% complete. Four patients in the MDT group and 13 in the non‐MDT group died (P = .04). The median follow‐up duration was 294 days (interquartile range [IQR], 140‐434) in the non‐MDT group compared with 176 days (IQR, 103‐466) in the MDT group (P = .20). There were no differences in intensive care unit or hospital length‐of‐stay or admission rates. The overall mortality at 2 years was 13% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06‐0.66) in the MDT group and 38% (95% CI, 0.10‐0.39) in the non‐MDT group (P = .08). The MDT group showed a 72% (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08‐0.90; P = .03) decrease in mortality over time compared with the non‐MDT group.ConclusionsMDTs were associated with decreased mortality over time. Thus, MDTs have a positive influence on patient care by improving survival and should be incorporated into care.
Interrogating the Small Intestine Tuft Cell–ILC2 Circuit Using In Vivo Manipulations
Authors: O'Leary Claire E. , Feng Xiaogang , Cortez Victor S. , Locksley Richard M. , Schneider Christoph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent findings position tuft cells as key mediators of intestinal immunity through their production of the cytokine interleukin (IL)‐25 and activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Though tuft cells are found in numerous epithelial tissues, their phenotype and function have been best characterized in the small intestine, where robust in vivo techniques have enabled the dissection of their cellular function, ontogeny, and key signaling pathways. We describe methods for the identification, quantification, and manipulation of tuft cells, focusing on analysis of ILC2s as a readout of tuft cell function. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 17 June 2021 and 26 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Ex vivo analysis of small intestinal tuft cells and ILC2 by flow cytometryAlternate Protocol: Ex vivo analysis of small intestinal tuft cells and ILC2 by flow cytometry in the context of type 2 inflammationBasic Protocol 2: Ex vivo analysis of small intestinal tuft cells by imaging of intestinal Swiss rollBasic Protocol 3: Tuft–ILC2 circuit activation by oral gavage of adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis wormsBasic Protocol 4: Circuit activation by colonization with Tritrichomonas spp.Basic Protocol 5: Circuit activation by treatment with succinate in drinking waterBasic Protocol 6: Circuit activation by treatment with recombinant IL‐25
Aortic Cross‐Clamping to Provide Differential Fixation by Perfusion
Authors: Moore Mackenzie M. , Alejandro Emilyn U. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn intricate network of regulation between the brain and the pancreas modulates hormone secretion and organ function. Dysfunction of the brain‐pancreas axis occurs in disease states such as diabetes and pancreatitis. Given the delicate nature of the mouse brain, procurement for tissue and cellular analysis is facilitated by fixation by perfusion with paraformaldehyde (PFA). The brain is hardened by PFA during the preservation process, but this hardening also occurs in the pancreas, as well as the remainder of the intra‐abdominal organs. This hardening makes the pancreas friable and difficult to dissect without damaging and fragmenting the organ. Additionally, this fixation may preclude the ability to perform analytic techniques such as western blot and quantitative PCR (qPCR) simultaneously. Performing a simple cross‐clamping of the thoracic aorta allows for differential perfusion of organs and maximal use of limited samples from a single animal. The brain can be perfused with PFA without compromising tissue collection of the pancreas and other intra‐abdominal organs. This simple maneuver allows for greater tissue collection and analysis per mouse in studies evaluating the brain‐pancreas or brain‐gut axis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 25 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol: Differential fixation by perfusion using aortic cross‐clamp
How to Conduct Responsible Research: A Guide for Graduate Students
Authors: Antes Alison L. , Maggi Leonard B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearchers must conduct research responsibly for it to have an impact and to safeguard trust in science. Essential responsibilities of researchers include using rigorous, reproducible research methods, reporting findings in a trustworthy manner, and giving the researchers who contributed appropriate authorship credit. This “how‐to” guide covers strategies and practices for doing reproducible research and being a responsible author. The article also covers how to utilize decision‐making strategies when uncertain about the best way to proceed in a challenging situation. The advice focuses especially on graduate students, but is appropriate for undergraduates and experienced researchers. It begins with an overview of responsible conduct of research, research misconduct, and ethical behavior in the scientific workplace. The takeaway message is that responsible conduct of research requires a thoughtful approach to doing research in order to ensure trustworthy results and conclusions, and that researchers receive fair credit. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 25 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.
Yield performance and fiber quality of Pima cotton grown in the southeast United States
Authors: Holladay Sarah K. , Bridges William C. , Jones Michael A. , Campbell B. Todd 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCommercial production of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) in the United States is currently limited to the western United States and West Texas. Before the 1930s, Pima cotton was produced in coastal regions of the southeast United States. However, in an effort to escape yield and economic losses caused by the boll weevil, which invaded the United States in the 1920s, production of long‐season Pima cotton was eliminated and shifted to shorter‐season upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Today, the value of Pima cotton fiber is nearly double that of upland cotton. We hypothesized that Pima cotton could be successfully cultivated in the southeast United States because of the eradication of the boll weevil, alongside improvements in genetics and production practices. We evaluated the agronomic performance, fiber quality, and net economic return of 48 Pima genotypes in field trials conducted during 2018 and 2019 in Florence, SC, compared with two popular commercial upland cultivars. We also evaluated the impact of the ginning method (saw vs. roller) on fiber quality. On average, in comparison with upland cotton, the lint yield of Pima genotypes was reduced by half. However, most of the Pima genotypes produced higher‐quality fibers compared with the upland checks. Surprisingly, the ginning method appeared to have little impact on fiber quality. Net return analysis revealed no significant differences among several of the higher‐yielding, higher‐quality Pima genotypes and the upland genotypes in this study, indicating that the reintroduction of a Pima production system in the southeast United States may be feasible.
Modulational instability of dust‐ion‐acoustic waves in pair‐ion plasma having non‐thermal non‐extensive electrons
Authors: Islam M.K. , Noman A.A. , Akter J. , Chowdhury N.A. , Mannan A. , Roy T.S. , Salahuddin M. , Mamun A.A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe modulational instability (MI) criteria of dust‐ion‐acoustic (DIA) waves (DIAWs) have been investigated in a four‐component pair‐ion plasma having inertial pair ions, inertialess non‐thermal non‐extensive electrons, and immobile negatively charged massive dust grains. A nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is derived by using reductive perturbation method. The nonlinear and dispersive coefficients of the NLSE can predict the modulationally stable and unstable parametric regimes of DIAWs and associated first and second‐order DIA rogue waves (DIARWs). The MI growth rate and the configuration of the DIARWs are examined, and it is found that the MI growth rate increases (decreases) with increasing the number density of the negatively charged dust grains in the presence (absence) of the negative ions. It is also observed that the amplitude and width of the DIARWs increase (decrease) with the negative (positive) ion mass. The implications of the results to laboratory and space plasmas are briefly discussed.