bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal patterns of childhood pneumonia in Bhutan: a Bayesian analysis
Authors: Wangdi Kinley , Penjor Kinley , Tsheten Tsheten , Tshering Chachu , Gething Peter , Gray Darren J. , Clements Archie C. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPneumonia is one of the top 10 diseases by morbidity in Bhutan. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal trends and risk factors of childhood pneumonia in Bhutan. A multivariable Zero-inflated Poisson regression model using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation was undertaken to quantify associations of age, sex, altitude, rainfall, maximum temperature and relative humidity with monthly pneumonia incidence and to identify the underlying spatial structure of the data. Overall childhood pneumonia incidence was 143.57 and 10.01 per 1000 persons over 108 months of observation in children aged < 5 years and 5–14 years, respectively. Children < 5 years or male sex were more likely to develop pneumonia than those 5–14 years and females. Each 1 °C increase in maximum temperature was associated with a 1.3% (95% (credible interval [CrI] 1.27%, 1.4%) increase in pneumonia cases. Each 10% increase in relative humidity was associated with a 1.2% (95% CrI 1.1%, 1.4%) reduction in the incidence of pneumonia. Pneumonia decreased by 0.3% (CrI 0.26%, 0.34%) every month. There was no statistical spatial clustering after accounting for the covariates. Seasonality and spatial heterogeneity can partly be explained by the association of pneumonia risk to climatic factors including maximum temperature and relative humidity.
GNG7 and ADCY1 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma through bioinformatic-based analyses
Authors: Zhang Youfu , Yang Jinran , Wang Xuyang , Li Xinchang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors in the world. The GSE55643 and GSE15471 microarray datasets were downloaded to screen the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PAAD. 143 downregulated genes and 118 upregulated genes were obtained. Next, we performed gene ontology (GO) and The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis on these genes and constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. We screened out two important clusters of genes, including 13 upregulated and 5 downregulated genes. After the survival analysis, 3 downregulated genes and 10 upregulated genes were identified as the selected key genes. The KEGG analysis on 13 selected genes showed thatGNG7andADCY1enriched in the Pathway in Cancer. Next, the diagnostic and prognostic value ofGNG7andADCY1was investigated using independent cohort of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE84129 and GSE62452. We observed that the expression of theGNG7andADCY1was decreased in PAAD. The diagnostic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that theGNG7andADCY1could serve as sensitive diagnostic markers in PAAD. Survival analysis suggested that expression ofGNG7,ADCY1were significantly associated with PAAD overall survival (OS). The multivariate cox regression analysis showed that the expression ofGNG7,ADCY1were independent risk factors for PAAD OS. Our study indicatedGNG7andADCY1may be potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with PAAD.
Evaluation of electroporated area using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride in a potato model
Authors: Jeong Seung , Kim Hongbae , Park Junhyung , Kim Ki Woo , Sim Sung Bo , Chung Jong Hoon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIrreversible electroporation (IRE) is a tissue ablation method, uses short high electric pulses and results in cell death in target tissue by irreversibly permeabilizing the cell membrane. Potato is commonly used as a tissue model for electroporation experiments. The blackened area that forms 12 h after electric pulsing is regarded as an IRE-ablated area caused by melanin accumulation. Here, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was used as a dye to assess the IRE-ablated area 3 h after potato model ablation. Comparison between the blackened area and TTC-unstained white area in various voltage conditions showed that TTC staining well delineated the IRE-ablated area. Moreover, whether the ablated area was consistent over time and at different staining times was investigated. In addition, the presumed reversible electroporation (RE) area was formed surrounding the IRE-ablated area. Overall, TTC staining can provide a more rapid and accurate electroporated area evaluation.
Utilizing local phase transformation strengthening for nickel-base superalloys
Authors: Smith Timothy M. , Zarkevich Nikolai A. , Egan Ashton J. , Stuckner Joshua , Gabb Timothy P. , Lawson John W. , Mills Michael J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlmost 75 years of research has been devoted to producing superalloys capable of higher operating temperatures in jet turbine engines, and there is an ongoing need to increase operating temperature further. Here, a new disk Nickel-base superalloy is designed to take advantage of strengthening atomic-scale dynamic complexions. This local phase transformation strengthening provides the alloy with a three times improvement in creep strength over similar disk superalloys and comparable strength to a single crystal blade alloy at 760 °C. Ultra-high-resolution chemical mapping reveals that the improvement in creep strength is a result of atomic-scale η (D024) and χ (D019) formation along superlattice stacking faults. To understand these results, the energy differences between the L12and competing D024and D019stacking fault structures and their dependence on composition are computed by density functional theory. This study can help guide researchers to further optimize local phase transformation strengthening mechanisms for alloy development.
One year of COVID-19 pandemic: what we Radiologists have learned about imaging
Authors: Gross Alexander , Albrecht Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Background Since its outbreak in December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 151 million people worldwide. More than 3.1 million have died from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. The virus affects mainly the upper respiratory tract and the lungs causing pneumonias of varying severity. Moreover, via direct and indirect pathogenetic mechanisms, SARS-CoV-2 may lead to a variety of extrapulmonary as well as vascular manifestations.
Methods Based on a systematic literature search via PubMed, original research articles, meta-analyses, reviews, and case reports representing the current scientific knowledge regarding diagnostic imaging of COVID-19 were selected. Focusing on the imaging appearance of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations as well as indications for imaging, these data were summarized in the present review article and correlated with basic pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Results and Conclusion Typical signs of COVID-19 pneumonia are multifocal, mostly bilateral, rounded, polycyclic or geographic ground-glass opacities and/or consolidations with mainly peripheral distribution. In severe cases, peribronchovascular lung zones are affected as well. Other typical signs are the “crazy paving” pattern and the halo and reversed halo (the latter two being less common). Venous thromboembolism (and pulmonary embolism in particular) is the most frequent vascular complication of COVID-19. However, arterial thromboembolic events like ischemic strokes, myocardial infarctions, and systemic arterial emboli also occur at higher rates. The most frequent extrapulmonary organ manifestations of COVID-19 affect the central nervous system, the heart, the hepatobiliary system, and the gastrointestinal tract. Usually, they can be visualized in imaging studies as well. The most important imaging modality for COVID-19 is chest CT. Its main purpose is not to make the primary diagnosis, but to differentiate COVID-19 from other (pulmonary) pathologies, to estimate disease severity, and to detect concomitant diseases and complications.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Arbeitsbelastungen und Rehabilitationsbedarf bei älteren
Erwerbstätigen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund – Ergebnisse
der lidA Kohortenstudie
Authors: Schönfeld Simone , Schröder Chloé Charlotte , Prel Jean-Baptist du , Razum Oliver , Breckenkamp Jürgen 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Der Bedarf an medizinischen
Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen wird zukünftig durch die
Erhöhung des Rentenalters und den demographischen Wandel steigen. Der
Bedarf wird u. A. durch das Maß an Arbeitsbelastungen bestimmt. Ziel ist
es zu untersuchen, ob Erwerbstätige mit Migrationshintergrund (EmM)
häufiger hohen Arbeitsbelastungen ausgesetzt sind und häufiger
einen hohen Bedarf als Erwerbstätige ohne Migrationshintergrund (EoM)
haben. Ebenso wird geprüft, ob sich ein möglicherweise
höherer Bedarf bei EmM durch höhere Arbeitsbelastungen
erklären lässt.
Methodik Die lidA-Studie ist eine deutschlandweite, prospektive
Kohortenstudie zu Arbeit, Alter, Gesundheit und Erwerbsteilhabe. 4724
sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte (2443 weiblich, 2281
männlich) der Geburtsjahrgänge 1959 und 1965 wurden
computergestützt persönlich befragt. Daten der ersten
Studienwelle (2011) wurden mittels multipler logistischer Regressionsanalysen,
adjustiert für soziodemographische Faktoren (Alter, Geschlecht, Bildung
und Haushaltsäquivalenzeinkommen), analysiert. Der Einfluss des
Migrationshintergrundes, der Staatsangehörigkeit und hoher
Arbeitsbelastungen auf den medizinischen Rehabilitationsbedarf wurde
geschätzt.
Ergebnisse Besonders betroffen von hohen Arbeitsbelastungen sind in dieser
Stichprobe EmM der 1. Generation in Vergleich zu EoM. Die subjektiv erlebten
Arbeitsbelastungen bei EoM und EmM der 2. Generation liegen auf einem
vergleichbaren Niveau. Zwischen den EmM mit deutscher und ausländischer
Staatsangehörigkeit finden sich dagegen keine Unterschiede. Ein
höherer Rehabilitationsbedarf zeigt sich nach Adjustierung für
soziodemographische und arbeitsbelastungsbezogene Faktoren für die EmM
der 1. Generation (nicht signifikant) im Vergleich zu EoM und EmM der 2.
Generation, nicht aber für EmM mit ausländischer im Vergleich zu
EmM mit deutscher Staatsangehörigkeit.
Schlussfolgerungen EmM der 1. Generation sind häufiger hohen
Arbeitsbelastungen ausgesetzt und weisen häufiger einen hohen
Rehabilitationsbedarf auf als EoM und EmM der 2. Generation. Der
Migrationshintergrund selbst ist keine Determinante für einen
erhöhten Rehabilitationsbedarf. Der höhere Rehabilitationsbedarf
lässt sich vielmehr durch die bei EmM der 1. Generation häufiger
anzutreffenden arbeitsbedingten Belastungen sowie soziodemografische Merkmale
erklären. Differenzierte Betrachtungen der Untergruppen von EmM sind
wichtig, um besondere Bedarfe zu erkennen und eine Unterversorgung
(z. B. bedingt durch Zugangsbarrieren) zu vermeiden.
Azide Decomposition as a Pathway to Intramolecularly Upper-Rim-Bridged Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Lhoták Pavel , Tlustý Martin , Eigner Václav 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProximally single-atom-bridged calix[4]arenes possess a rigidified cavity and, thus, unusual complexation properties. Here, we report on the synthesis of the first such heteroatom-bridged compound: amine-bridged calix[4]arene. This compound, prepared by thermal decomposition of 4-azidocalix[4]arene, was obtained alongside very interesting rearranged, inherently chiral 10H-azepino[1,2-a]indole derivatives. NMR titration confirmed the suitability of the amine cavity for the complexation of methylammonium cations; moreover, the –NH– bridge function enables its further derivatization.
Palladium-Catalyzed Desulfurative Hiyama Coupling of Thioureas to Achieve Amides via Selective C–N Bond Cleavage
Authors: Zeng Zhuo , He Zhanyu , Yan Chu , Zhang Mei , Irfan Majeed , Wang Zijia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPalladium-catalyzed Hiyama coupling of active thioureas via selective C–N bond cleavage is reported. Notably, the new approach employed active thioureas as coupling partners in the presence of arylsilanes to give amides in good yield. Further, this strategy, which utilized CuF2 as a key oxidant and activator, afforded various amide products under mild conditions and an easy to handle procedure without extra base.
Avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes em uso de fixador externo circular em um hospital de trauma
Authors: Vogt Paulo Henrique , Hobi Renê , Faggion Heloisa Zimmermann , Yoshiysu Giro Alberto , Marcon Lucas Antônio Ferraz , Hiraga Cássio Kenji 
Published: October 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes em uso do fixador externo do tipo Ilizarov para tratamento de fraturas complexas e de suas sequelas
Método Trata-se de um estudo observacional e transversal, em que foi aplicado o questionário 36-item short form survey (SF-36) (traduzido para a língua portuguesa) durante as consultas ambulatoriais em 2 períodos, nos meses de julho de 2018 e janeiro de 2019. Os pacientes que participaram do estudo realizaram seus procedimentos cirúrgicos no período de janeiro a junho de 2018.
Resultados Foram avaliados 36 pacientes em uso de fixador externo do tipo Ilizarov. Foi observado predomínio do sexo masculino e idade média de 37,9 anos. As fraturas de ossos da perna e suas complicações representaram metade da amostra. Foi observada melhora na capacidade funcional e nos aspectos emocionais dos pacientes ao longo do tratamento.
Conclusão O uso do fixador externo circular constitui um método importante e eficaz para o tratamento cirúrgico de fraturas complexas e de suas sequelas. Este trabalho permitiu concluir que, após o tratamento, os pacientes alcançaram retorno funcional às atividades diárias com adequada qualidade de vida.
Pacientes que apresentam limitações funcionais, amplitude de movimento limitada e força muscular reduzida, 6 meses após a artroplastia total do quadril: Um estudo de corte transversal
Authors: Lopes Bruna de Moraes , Araujo Francisco Xavier de , Ferreira Giovanni , Baroni Bruno Manfredini , Silva Marcelo Faria 
Published: October 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar os níveis de intensidade da dor, amplitude de movimento, pico de torque isométrico do quadril e desempenho da tarefa funcional em pacientes 6 meses após a artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ), e comparar estes valores com os de participantes assintomáticos do grupo controle (GC).
Métodos Recrutamos participantes com ATQ unilateral devida a osteoartrite (OA) do quadril, dentro de uma mediana de tempo de 6 meses, que não tinham desenvolvido complicações pós-operatórias. Os participantes foram avaliados quanto à intensidade da dor, à amplitude de movimento do quadril, ao pico de torque isométrico, à autoavaliação (questionário de avaliação do quadril Harris Hip Score [HHS, na sigla em inglês) e à função medida objetivamente por meio do teste Timed Up and Go (TUG, na sigla em inglês). O grupo ATQ foi comparado com um grupo de participantes assintomáticos com idade ≥ 50 anos recrutados na comunidade. As comparações são apresentadas como diferenças médias (DMs) e intervalos de confiança (ICs) de 95%.
Resultados Cada grupo contou com 23 participantes. A intensidade da dor foi baixa no grupo ATQ (1,48 [1,60]), sendo que 91,3% dos pacientes relataram estar satisfeitos com o procedimento cirúrgico. Os participantes do grupo ATQ relataram uma função medida objetivamente significativamente menor (ATQ 12,2 [10,0-21,6]; GC 9,0 [6,7-12,2]) e a função autoavaliação (ATQ 78,5 [43,8-93,9]; GC 100,0 [95,8-100,0]), em comparação com o GC. O grupo ATQ também teve reduzida de forma significativa a amplitude de movimento para flexão (p < 0,001), os movimentos internos (p < 0,001) e de rotação externa (p = 0,003). O grupo ATQ também apresentou pico de torque reduzido para flexão (p < 0,001), extensão (p <0,001), movimentos de abdução (p < 0,001) e adução (p = 0,024) em comparação com os participantes do GC.
Conclusões Apesar de informarem escores gerais de dor de baixa intensidade e satisfação com a cirurgia, os pacientes apresentaram limitações funcionais, amplitude de movimento limitada e redução da força muscular após 6 meses do procedimento cirúrgico de ATQ.
Nível de Evidência 3B.
Patient Perceptions of Receiving COVID-19 Test Results via an Online Patient Portal: An Open Results Survey
Authors: Turer Robert W. , DesRoches Catherine M. , Salmi Liz , Helmer Tara , Rosenbloom S Trent 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background In the United States, attention has been focused on “open notes” and “open results” since the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology implemented the 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule on information blocking. Open notes is an established best practice, but open results remains controversial, especially for diseases associated with stigma, morbidity, and mortality. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with all three of these effects and represents an ideal disease for the study of open results for sensitive test results.
Objectives This study evaluates patient perspectives related to receiving COVID-19 test results via an online patient portal prior to discussion with a clinician.
Methods We surveyed adults who underwent COVID-19 testing between March 1, 2020 and October 21, 2020 who agreed to be directly contacted about COVID-19-related research about their perspectives on receiving test results via a patient portal. We evaluated user roles (i.e., patient vs. care partner), demographic information, ease of use, impact of immediate release, notification of results, impact of viewing results on health management, and importance of sharing results with others.
Results Users were mostly patients themselves. Users found the portal easy to use but expressed mixed preferences about the means of notification of result availability (e.g., email, text, or phone call). Users found immediate access to results useful for managing their health, employment, and family/childcare. Many users shared their results and encouraged others to get tested. Our cohort consisted mostly of non-Hispanic white, highly educated, English-speaking patients.
Conclusion Overall, patients found open results useful for COVID-19 testing and few expressed increased worries from receiving their results via the patient portal. The demographics of our cohort highlight the need for further research in patient portal equity in the age of open results.
The plight of migrants during COVID-19 and the impact of circular migration in India: a systematic review
Authors: Jesline Joshy , Romate John , Rajkumar Eslavath , George Allen Joshua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs per the reports of WHO, the COVID-19, first reported in December 2019, put the whole world in an unprecedented crisis and lingering uncertainty with innumerable deaths, generalised economic depression, unemployment, quarantine, unavoidable lockdown, and travel-ban that was imposed globally as a necessity to tackle the pandemic. Among the populace, the migrants were found to be one of the most vulnerable groups in this lockdown, as their very livelihood came to a complete standstill. This review-paper aims to investigate in detail the multiple facets of adversities the migrants went through in India during the lockdown and the socio-psychological impact of circular migration. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, studies on migrant workers during COVID-19 and on circular migration were searched. Database searches on Scopus, PubMed, and PsychNet and manual searches on Google Scholar were carried out. From the initially identified 15,697 articles, 15 articles that met the inclusion criteria were chosen for review. The findings highlight the different plight of the migrants, who had the pressing need to head back home to safety despite the acute financial crisis and the travel problems. The poor quality of the relief camps with meagre rations and lack of facilities especially put the women and children in distress and generated a lot of psychosocial issues. The present study urges the mental health-care professionals to groom themselves for facing the challenges of a surge in mental illnesses by taking necessary measures. It also emphasises the need to establish a strong ethical alliance between the local population, health systems, local government mechanisms, and human rights associations in order to take a relook at the national migration policies.
Information bounds in determining the 3D orientation of a single emitter or scatterer using point-detector-based division-of-amplitude polarimetry
Authors: Beckwith Joseph S. , Yang Haw 
Published: October 2021

Determining the 3D orientation of a single molecule or particle, encoded in its polar and azimuthal angles, is of interest for a variety of fields, being relevant to a range of questions in elementary chemical reactivity, biomolecular motors, and nanorheology. A popular experimental method, known as division-of-amplitude polarimetry, for determining the real-time orientation of a single particle is to split the emitted/scattered light into multiple polarizations and to measure the light intensity using point detectors at these polarizations during a time interval Δt. Here, we derive the Cramér–Rao lower bounds for this method from the perspective of information theory in the cases of utilizing a chromophore or a scattering particle as a 3D orientation probe. Such Cramér–Rao lower bounds are new for using this experimental method to measure the full 3D orientation in both the scattering case and the fluorescence case. These results show that, for a scatterer, the information content of one photon is 1.16 deg−2 in the polar and 58.71 deg−2 in the azimuthal angles, respectively. For a chromophore, the information content of one photon is 2.54 deg−2 in the polar and 80.29 deg−2 in the azimuthal angles. In addition, the Cramér–Rao lower bound scales with the square root of the total signal photons. To determine orientation to an uncertainty of one degree requires 7.40 × 104 and 2.34 × 103 photons for the polar and the azimuthal angles, respectively, for fluorescence, whereas it takes 1.62 × 105 and 3.20 × 103 photons for scattering. This work provides experimentalists new guidelines by which future experiments can be designed and interpreted.
Employable identities
Authors: Greenbank Emily 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Navigating the labour market in a new context can be a challenge for any migrant, and particularly so for former refugees,
who are often unable to find employment appropriate for their qualification and experience levels. This study takes an Interactional
Sociolinguistic approach to exploring how three former refugees navigate employability in narrative, from the social constructionist
perspective of employable identities, emergent from and negotiated within discourse. The study focuses specifically on the
participants’ discursive navigation of their various (Bourdieusian) social and cultural capital and its importance to labour market
performance. Evident in the data are the difficulties of translating – or having recognised – a lifetime’s accumulation of capital, often
rendered worthless upon migration. Such challenges impact upon forced migrants’ ability to successfully enact employability, and
subsequently upon their imagined (future) identities. This research highlights former refugees’ complex challenges involved with successful
navigation of employability in a new context.