bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation research for taking tobacco control policies to scale in India: a realist evaluation study protocol
Authors: Hebbar Pragati Bhaskar , Dsouza Vivek , Bhojani Upendra , van Schayck Onno CP , Babu Giridhara R , Nagelhout Gera 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionThere are ongoing policies and programs to reduce tobacco use and minimise the associated health burden in India. However, there are several challenges in practice leading to different outcomes across Indian states. Inadequate understanding of how national tobacco control policies achieve their results under varied circumstances obstruct the implementation and scaling up of effective strategies. This study is a realist evaluation using largely qualitative methods to understand the implementation process of India’s tobacco control policies. It will do so by evaluating India’s Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) and the National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP). The study aims to examine how, why, for whom and under which circumstances COTPA and NTCP are implemented in India.Methods and analysisA realist synthesis on implementation of tobacco control policies in low-income and middle-income countries is conducted. This is followed by qualitative data collection and analysis in three Indian states selected based on data from two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. The study comprises of three steps (1): development of initial programme theories, (2) testing and refinement of initial programme theories and (3) testing and validation of refined programme theories. We will interview policy-makers, programme managers and implementers to identify facilitators and barriers of implementation. The purpose is to identify context-specific evidence-based strategies to gain insights into the implementation process of COTPA and NTCP. Further we aim to contribute to tobacco control research by establishing communities of practice to engage with cross-cutting issues.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Ethics Committee, at the Institute of Public Health (Bengaluru), has approved the protocol. Written informed consent forms will be obtained from all the participants. Dissemination has been planned for researchers, policy-makers and implementers as well as the public through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentation, webinars and social media updates.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020191541.
Healthcare inequalities in emergency visits and hospitalisation at the end of life: a study of 395 019 public hospital records
Authors: Chung Roger Yat-Nork , Lai Derek Chun Kiu , Hui Alvin Yik-Kiu , Chau Patsy Yuen-Kwan , Wong Eliza Lai-Yi , Yeoh Eng-Kiong , Woo Jean 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate whether there were any socioeconomic disparities in utilisation of hospital care services during end of life in Hong Kong.MethodsSecondary data analyses were conducted using frequency of the accident and emergency (A&E) department visits and hospital admissions during the last year of life in all public hospitals from 2004 to 2014 in Hong Kong. A total of 1 237 044 A&E records from 357 853 patients, and 1 878 982 admission records from 375 506 patients were identified for analyses. In total, 395 019 unique deceased patients were identified from both datasets.ResultsRegression analyses showed that comprehensive social security assistance (CSSA) recipients used A&E services 1.29 times more than the non-recipients. Being either a CSSA recipient or an elderly home resident was more likely to be admitted to hospitals and stayed longer. Elderly home residents tended to stay longer than those from the community in the earlier months during the last year of life regardless of CSSA status; however, non-elderly home residents surpassed the residents in the duration of stay at hospitals towards the later months of the last year of life. There were also significant differences in hospital utilisation across various districts of residence.ConclusionsPeople of lower socioeconomic position tend to have higher emergency visits and hospitalisation during their last year of life in Hong Kong, implying the presence of health inequality during end of life. However, due to Hong Kong’s largely pro-rich primary care system, the predominantly public A&E and inpatient services may inadvertently act as a mitigator of such health inequalities.
Health literacy, information provision and satisfaction in advanced cancer consultations: two observational studies using level of education as a proxy
Authors: van Vliet Liesbeth M , Noordman Janneke , Mijnlieff Marit , Roodbeen Ruud , Boland Gudule , van Dulmen Sandra 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesPatients with low health literacy (LHL) might feel less informed and satisfied with provided information than patients with high health literacy (HHL). In the setting of advanced cancer, we explored whether LHL patients, compared with HHL patients are: (1) often less informed, and (2) less satisfied with clinicians’ communication (a) in general and (b) following information provision specifically.MethodsData from two observational studies using recorded consultations were combined. Clinicians’ provided information and patients’ health literacy level—defined by educational levels—and satisfaction were measured. Χ2tests and regression (moderation) analyses assessed the relation between health literacy and information provision, and between information provision and satisfaction, meanwhile exploring moderating influences of health literacy.ResultsOf 61 included patients, 25 (41%) had LHL. LHL and HHL patients were equally seldom informed about the disease’s incurability (36% vs 42%, p=0.66). LHL patients were more often informed about the option of not pursuing anticancer therapy than HHL patients (28% vs 8%, p=0.04). LHL patients were more satisfied with clinicians’ communication than HHL patients (M=9.3 vs M=8.5, p=0.03), especially when the option of no anticancer treatment was discussed (p=0.04). Discussing the disease’s incurability did not influence satisfaction levels (p=0.58) for LHL and HHL patients.ConclusionsLHL patients were not less informed, yet more satisfied than HHL patients. Both groups were equally seldom informed about the disease’s incurability. No anticancer therapy was mostly discussed with LHL patients who were more satisfied following this information. Clinicians should be encouraged to inform all patients about the disease status and (non)treatment options, while not overlooking empathic support.
Dichotomous and stable gamma delta T-cell number and function in healthy individuals
Authors: Ou Lingling , Wang Huaishan , Liu Qin , Zhang Jie , Lu Hezhe , Luo Liangping , Shi Changzheng , Lin Shaoqiang , Dong Liyun , Guo Yeye , Huang Lili , Zhu Jinjin , Yin Xiangfan , Huang Alexander C , Karakousis Giorgos , Schuchter Lynn , Amaravadi Ravi , Zheng Cathy , Fan Yi , Guo Wei , Xu Xiaowei 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundGamma-delta (γδ) T lymphocytes are primed to potently respond to pathogens and transformed cells by recognizing a broad range of antigens. However, adoptive immunotherapy with γδT cells has exhibited mixed treatment responses. Better understanding of γδT cell biology and stratifying healthy donors for allogeneic adoptive therapy is clinically needed to fully realize the therapeutic potential of γδT cells.MethodsWe examine 98 blood samples from healthy donors and measure their expansion capacity after zoledronate stimulation, and test the migration and cytotoxic effector function of expanded γδT cells in 2D culture, 3D tumor spheroid and patient-derived melanoma organoid assays.ResultsWe find that γδT cell expansion capacity is independent of expansion methods, gender, age and HLA type. Basal γδT cell levels in Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) correlate well with their expansion, migration and cytotoxic effector capacity in vitro. Circulating γδT cells with lower expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, Eomes, T-bet and CD69, or higher IFN-γ production expand better. γδT cells with central memory and effector memory phenotypes are significantly more abundant in good expanders. A cut-off level of 0.82% γδT cells in PBMC stratifies good versus poor γδT cell expansion with a sensitivity of 97.78%, specificity of 90.48% and area under the curve of 0.968 in a healthy individual. Donors with higher Vδ2 Index Score in PBMC have greater anti-tumor functions including migratory function and cytotoxicity.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the interindividual γδT cell functions correlate with their circulating levels in healthy donors. Examination of circulating γδT cell level may be used to select healthy donors to participate in γδT-based immunotherapies.
Neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with pathogenic variants in SLC6A1
Authors: Kahen Ashley , Kavus Haluk , Geltzeiler Alexa , Kentros Catherine , Taylor Cora , Brooks Elizabeth , Green Snyder LeeAnne , Chung Wendy 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundSLC6A1 encodes GAT-1, a major gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter in the brain. GAT-1 maintains neurotransmitter homeostasis by removing excess GABA from the synaptic cleft. Pathogenic variants in SLC6A1 disrupt the reuptake of GABA and are associated with a neurobehavioural phenotype.MethodsMedical history interviews, seizure surveys, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Second Edition and other behavioural surveys were completed by primary care givers of 28 participants in Simons Searchlight. All participants underwent clinical whole exome sequencing or gene panel sequencing. Additional cases from the medical literature with comparable data were included.ResultsWe identified 28 individuals with largely de novo pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants including missense (15/21 or 71%) and truncating variants (6/21 or 29%). Missense variants were largely clustered around the sixth and seventh transmembrane domains, which functions as a GABA binding pocket. The phenotype of individuals with pathogenic variants in SLC6A1 includes hypotonia, intellectual disability/developmental delay, language disorder/speech delay, autism spectrum disorder, sleep issues and seizures.ConclusionPathogenic variants in SLC6A1 are associated with a clinical phenotype of developmental delay, behaviour problems and seizures. Understanding of the genotype–phenotype correlation within SLC6A1 may provide opportunities to develop new treatments for GABA-related conditions.
Efficacy of intercostal cryoneurolysis as an analgesic adjunct for chest wall pain after surgery or trauma: systematic review
Authors: Cha Peter I , Min Jung Gi , Patil Advait , Choi Jeff , Kothary Nishita N , Forrester Joseph D 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThere is a critical need for non-narcotic analgesic adjuncts in the treatment of thoracic pain. We evaluated the efficacy of intercostal cryoneurolysis as an analgesic adjunct for chest wall pain, specifically addressing the applicability of intercostal cryoneurolysis for pain control after chest wall trauma.MethodsA systematic review was performed through searches of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. We included studies involving patients of all ages that evaluated the efficacy of intercostal cryoneurolysis as a pain adjunct for chest wall pathology. Quantitative and qualitative synthesis was performed.ResultsTwenty-three studies including 570 patients undergoing cryoneurolysis met eligibility criteria for quantitative analysis. Five subgroups of patients treated with intercostal cryoneurolysis were identified: pectus excavatum (nine studies); thoracotomy (eight studies); post-thoracotomy pain syndrome (three studies); malignant chest wall pain (two studies); and traumatic rib fractures (one study). There is overall low-quality evidence supporting intercostal cryoneurolysis as an analgesic adjunct for chest wall pain. A majority of studies demonstrated decreased inpatient narcotic use with intercostal cryoneurolysis compared with conventional pain modalities. Intercostal cryoneurolysis may also lead to decreased hospital length of stay. The procedure did not definitively increase operative time, and risk of complications was low.ConclusionsGiven the favorable risk-to-benefit profile, both percutaneous and thoracoscopic intercostal cryoneurolysis may serve as a worthwhile analgesic adjunct in trauma patients with rib fractures who have failed conventional medical management. However, further prospective studies are needed to improve quality of evidence.Level of evidenceLevel IV systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Evolution of urban forms observed from space
Authors: Chen Haohui , Kryvasheyeu Yury , Xu Weipan , Huang Yaofu , Deng Jiayi , Ren Siru , Li Xun , Rahwan Iyad , Cebrian Manuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultiple driving forces shape cities. These forces include the costs of transporting goods and people, the types of predominant local industries, and the policies that govern urban planning. Here, we examine how agglomeration and dispersion change with increasing population and population density. We study the patterns in the evolution of urban forms and analyze the differences between developed and developing countries. We analyze agglomeration across 233 European and 258 Chinese cities using nighttime luminosity data. We find a universal inverted U-shape curve for the agglomeration metric (Lasym index). Cities attain their maximum agglomeration level at an intermediate density, above which dispersion increases. Our findings may guide strategic urban planning for the timely adoption of appropriate development policies.
Decision Support System Based on Fuzzy Logic for Assessment of Expected Corporate Income Performance
Authors: Yosef Arthur , Shnaider Eli , Palas Rimona , Baranes Amos 
Published: May 2021

This study presents a decision-support method to estimate the next year performance of corporate Operating Income Margin (OIM). It is based on a unique combination of cross-section model and the rules-based evaluation mechanism. The estimate is done in terms of broad categories, and not precise numerical values. The model is constructed as follows: its dependent variable (OIM) is one year ahead vs. the corresponding explanatory variables. This structure of the model allows us to view explanatory variables as reflecting financial potential of corporations. The evaluation component consists of a set of rules designed to identify the companies whose “potential” clearly points to an opportunity to invest. For the method presented here to succeed, it is necessary to utilize a highly reliable modeling method, even if it is “Fuzzy”. We apply Soft Regression (SR), which is a Soft Computing modeling tool based on Fuzzy Logic, and utilize all available proxy variables by creating intervals of values. Advantages of utilizing SR, and the intervals’-based modeling are extensively discussed. Modeling results for five consecutive years are consistent and stable, thus indicating high degree of reliability. Testing indicates very high success rate for the stock market related domain, the lowest being 87.9%.
An Oncolytic Virus Expressing IL15/IL15Rα Combined with Off-the-Shelf EGFR-CAR NK Cells Targets Glioblastoma
Authors: Ma Rui , Lu Ting , Li Zhenlong , Teng Kun-Yu , Mansour Anthony G. , Yu Melissa , Tian Lei , Xu Bo , Ma Shoubao , Zhang Jianying , Barr Tasha , Peng Yong , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

IL15 is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple roles that improve immune responses to tumor cells. Oncolytic viruses (OV) specifically lyse tumors and activate immune responses. Systemic administration of IL15 or its complex with the IL15Rα and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells are currently being tested in the clinic. Here, we generated a herpes simplex 1–based OV-expressing human IL15/IL15Rα sushi domain fusion protein (named OV-IL15C), as well as off-the-shelf EGFR-CAR NK cells, and studied their monotherapy and combination efficacy in vitro and in multiple glioblastoma (GBM) mouse models. In vitro, soluble IL15/IL15Rα complex was secreted from OV-IL15C–infected GBM cells, which promoted GBM cytotoxicity and improved survival of NK and CD8+ T cells. Frozen, readily available off-the-shelf EGFR-CAR NK cells showed enhanced killing of tumor cells compared with empty vector–transduced NK cells. In vivo, OV-IL15C significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival of GBM-bearing mice in the presence of CD8+ T cells compared with parental OV. OV-IL15C plus EGFR-CAR NK cells synergistically suppressed tumor growth and significantly improved survival compared with either monotherapy, correlating with increased intracranial infiltration and activation of NK and CD8+ T cells and elevated persistence of CAR NK cells in an immunocompetent model. Collectively, OV-IL15C and off-the-shelf EGFR-CAR NK cells represent promising therapeutic strategies for GBM treatment to improve the clinical management of this devastating disease.

Significance:
The combination of an oncolytic virus expressing the IL15/IL15Rα complex and frozen, ready-to-use EGFR-CAR NK cells elicits strong antitumor responses in glioblastoma.
ХРОМАТОГРАФІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЕФІРНИХ ОЛІЙ ІЗ ТРАВИ МОНАРДИ ЛИМОННОЇ РІЗНИХ ФАЗ ВЕГЕТАЦІЇ
Authors: Shanaida M. I. , Svydenko L. V. , Hvozdyk N. V. , Hudz N. I. 
Published: May 2021

Мета роботи. Хроматографічний аналіз ефірних олій монарди лимонної (Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag, родина Lamiaceae Martinov), отриманих із трави рослини в різні фази вегетації.
Матеріали і методи. Матеріалом для досліджень була трава M. citriodora, яку заготовляли на дослідних ділянках у Херсонській області на початку цвітіння та у період масового цвітіння рослин. Ефірну олію отримували методом гідродистиляції. Аналіз її компонентного складу проводили методом газової хроматографії з мас-спектрометричним детектуванням (ГХ/МС). Для отримання «хроматографічних відбитків» компонентів ефірної олії використовували метод тонкошарової хроматографії (ТШХ).
Результати й обговорення. На основі ГХ/МС аналізу вивчено компонентний склад ефірних олій сировини M. citriodora. Всього в ефірній олії із трави рослини при її заготівлі на початку цвітіння ідентифіковано 28 компонентів, під час масового цвітіння – 27. В обох ефірних оліях домінували ароматичні монотерпеноїди тимол і карвакрол. Проведення заготівлі сировини M. citriodora у фазу масового цвітіння визначено більш перспективним з огляду на вищий сумарний вміст в ефірній олії тимолу й карвакролу (84,07 %) порівняно з початком цвітіння (75,09 %). Запропоновано застосувати ТШХ-аналіз ефірної олії з трави досліджуваної рослини, заготовленої під час масового цвітіння, як експрес-метод її ідентифікації.
Висновки. Визначено компонентний склад та специфічні особливості ефірних олій M. citriodora вітчизняної заготівлі у дві різні фази вегетації, на основі чого їх віднесено до тимолово-карвакролового хемотипу. У перспективі визначено доцільним вивчення потенціалу фармакологічної активності ефірної олії M. citriodora.
Оцінка стану кровопостачання тиреоїдного залишку за доплерівськими характеристиками після хірургічних втручань на щитоподібній залозі
Authors: Стець М. М. , Антонів В. Р. , Галига Т. М. , Галига Т. М. 
Published: May 2021

Мета роботи: вивчити ехоструктуру, стан і особливості судинної перфузії тиреоїдного залишку щитоподібної залози після операції впродовж часу та визначення клінічної значущості кольорового доплерівського картування (КДК) та енергетичної доплерографії ЕД.
У 86 хворих після виконаних органозберігальних операцій на щитоподібній залозі провели дослідження тиреоїдного залишку на 7 день, через 1 місяць та 1 рік після операцій з використанням апарата ультразвукової діагностики Esaote MyLabX6 (Італія) та НDІ 5000 (АТL США) з лінійним широкосмуговим датчиком L12-5 Мгц. Визначали величину та структурні зміни в залишеній тканині. Кровопостачання тканини та її оболонок вивчали шляхом визначень кількісних характеристик – індексу резистентності (RІ), максимальної систолічної швидкості (МСШ), кінцевої діастолічної швидкості (КДШ) та енергетичної доплерографії (ЕД).
Збільшення об’єму частки чи кукси супроводжується зміною їх типу будови, з пласких (без форми) ділянок становляться шароподібними та конусоподібними, а темпи росту складають певний відсоток зміни типу будови у 37 (43 %) хворих на 7 день і вже 66 (77 %) – через 1 рік. КДК вказує, що кровопостачання тиреоїдного залишку проходить в основному по периферії у місцях новостворених сполученнях.
Впровадження ультразвукового доплерівського сканування для дослідження тиреоїдного залишку після операції дає можливість встановити ступінь кровообігу та швидкість компенсованого стану, що прослідковується за рахунок ультразвукових змін та залежить від типу будови залишеної тканини. Максимальний темп приросту тиреоїдної тканини та відновлення структури кровотоку спостерігається через 1 рік. Значення RІ є найбільш інформативним кількісним показником периферичного кровообігу знову створених судинних з’єднань з тканинами.
A insurreição da imagem ou quando o cinema visita Raoul Ubac
Authors: Scansani Andréa C. 
Published: May 2021

A história das imagens no cinema e na fotografia é inscrita sobre uma base material comum coordenada pelos instrumentos de criação da fotografia. Mesmo compartilhando substratos equivalentes, seus processos artísticos não poderiam ser mais dessemelhantes. Neste artigo, colocaremos em evidência algumas iniciativas de cineastas-artesãs que estreitam a distância entre os diferentes métodos e nos fazem pensar a materialidade do cinema. Para tanto, percorreremos o período em que o artista Raoul Ubac subverte o caráter figurativo da fotografia e, com o apoio de Georges Bataille, Rosalind Krauss e Agostinho de Hipona, nos dedicaremos a refletir sobre o informe tanto nas obras fotográficas de Ubac quanto em três filmes manufaturados nos ateliers L’Etna e L’Abominable na França.
Pensar a transparência, refletir a opacidade: Tautologia e transitividade na série Hoppe, de Mariano Klautau Filho
Authors: Reis Lucas Manuel Mazuquieri 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo busca pensar o duplo paradigma da transparência e da opacidade com as fotografias da série Hoppe, de Mariano Klautau Filho. Apresentam-se aqui alguns dos sentidos disseminais desses conceitos, para então se analisar, com base neles, a qualidade reflexiva dos enquadramentos das fotografias da série (sua aparente recusa em deixar transparecer, a implicação do olhar em sua materialidade) e a espessura temporal intrínseca às suas imagens (mobilizando aqui os conceitos de entre-imagens e de montagem de tempos).
Função-historiador: o projeto Grupo Atlas como modelo contemporâneo de autoria artística
Authors: Santos Vivian Braga dos 
Published: May 2021

O artigo apresenta o conceito “função-historiador” como modelo possível de autoria de uma arte da memória. Elaborado por meio de uma modulação da função-artista, de Peter Osborne, e da análise do projeto Grupo Atlas, prática artística de Walid Raad sobre as guerras civis libanesas, o termo é desenvolvido como contraposição ao modelo crítico de artista-testemunha, predominantemente utilizado nas mediações de práticas artísticas sobre conflitos políticos recentes. O enfrentamento entre essas propostas se faz a partir do distanciamento entre o sujeito-artista e uma posição de autoria artística. Essa separação permite investigar outros formatos de apresentação do artista como parte de sua produção e verificar novas abordagens dos vínculos autobiográficos e identitários nas produções artísticas contemporâneas.
Female Judges in Saudi Arabia, Hope Versus Reality
Authors: al-Agha Samah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to identify and explore the factors that have contributed to the prevention of women from working in the Saudi Arabian judiciary from the viewpoints of male Saudi judges. The study applies the qualitative research method and uses interviews to obtain the required data. It uses primary and secondary resources to support the arguments. The data analysis reveals three main themes under which these factors fall: the legal constraints, the religious constraints, and the cultural constraints. Finally, the study concludes with some findings and recommendations with regard to employing women in the judiciary.