bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of potential strain injury to rectus capitis posterior minor muscles during whiplash type distortions of the cervical spine
Authors: Hallgren Richard C. , Rowan Jacob J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
Whiplash type injuries resulting from a rear end motor vehicle accident (REMVA) are thought to be caused by excessive loading and displacement of structural components of the cervical spine. On impact, the seat propels the driver’s torso forward relative to the head, resulting in forced flexion of the occipitoatlantal (OA) joint, accompanied by forced stretching of the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPm) muscles. Flexion of the OA joint and stretching of the RCPm muscles continues to increase until the vehicle’s headrest strikes the back of the driver’s head. It is known that externally applied forces that attempt to move the OA joint beyond its anatomic barrier can result in fracture, dislocation, or soft tissue damage to its structural components. However, the magnitude of headrest backset, defined as the distance between the driver’s head and the vehicle’s headrest, that would result in RCPm muscles being stretched to a length that would put them at risk for a muscle strain injury is unknown.

Objectives
To quantify the relationships among flexion of the OA joint, RCPm muscle stretch, and backset, and to quantify the biomechanical response of RCPm muscles to increasing levels of axial load due to stretching.

Methods
Unembalmed head and neck specimens from three White females aged 85, 63, and 70 years were obtained from the Anatomical Services Division at the University of Maryland. Donors had provided written consent allowing use of their body for research purposes. Using an analytic model of the OA joint, the relationships between flexion of the OA joint and RCPm muscle stretch as a function of backset were estimated. RCPm muscles were removed from the cadavers and forcibly stretched using a servomechanism controlled hydraulic testing machine to quantify the load/displacement properties. After testing, the tissues were sectioned, mounted, and stained using Masson’s trichrome to selectively stain muscle fibers red and collagen blue.

Results
Forced flexion of the OA joint was seen to be directly related to the magnitude of headrest backset. For values of backset greater than 7.2 cm, biomechanical testing of the RCPm muscles revealed that strain injuries ranged from the tearing of a few muscle fibers to complete rupture of the muscle and separation of the tendon at the posterior process of C1.

Conclusions
Results showed that headrest backset at the time of vehicle impact is an important factor in estimating the risk of muscle strain injury to RCPm muscles. Muscle strain injury would be expected to impact the functional relationship between the RCPm muscles and the pain sensitive spinal dura. Physicians should be alert to the possibility that cervicogenic pain patients who have experienced whiplash associated with REMVA may show clinically relevant structural damage to the RCPm muscles on MRI.
WAPM-World Association of Perinatal Medicine Practice Guidelines: Fetal central nervous system examination
Authors: De Robertis Valentina , Sen Cihat , Timor-Tritsch Ilan , Chaoui Rabih , Volpe Paolo , Galindo Alberto , Achiron Reuven , Pooh Ritsuko , Khalil Asma , Volpe Nicola , D’Antonio Francesco , Birnbaum Roee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
These practice guidelines follow the mission of the World Association of Perinatal Medicine in collaboration with the Perinatal Medicine Foundation, bringing together groups and individuals throughout the world, with the goal of improving the ultrasound assessment of the fetal Central Nervous System (CNS) anatomy. In fact, this document provides further guidance for healthcare practitioners for the evaluation of the fetal CNS during the mid-trimester ultrasound scan with the aim to increase the ability in evaluating normal fetal anatomy. Therefore, it is not intended to establish a legal standard of care. This document is based on consensus among perinatal experts throughout the world, and serves as a guideline for use in clinical practice.
Quantum exceptional chamber induced by large nondipole effect of a quantum dot coupled to a nano-plasmonic resonator
Authors: Lu Yu-Wei , Liu Jing-Feng , Liu Renming , Su Rongbin , Wang Xue-Hua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Exceptional points (EPs) are the singularities of a non-Hermitian system where the eigenenergies and eigenstates simultaneously coalesce, a topological property that gives rise to a plethora of exotic phenomena. Probing the EPs and associated effects requires the system to go through the EPs. However, the ultrahigh sensitivity of an isolated EP to the external disturbances makes accessing the EPs difficult. To overcome this limit, many approaches have been presented to form the exceptional line/ring and surface. Here, we demonstrate that a quantum exceptional chamber, which is a three-dimensional collection of the EPs, can be constructed in the coupled plasmon-quantum dot (QD) systems by the nondipole effect of the QD. For an asymmetric QD adjacent to a plasmonic nanoparticle, it is found that the contributions of multipole transitions to the coupling strength can be larger than that of dipole transition. The orientation-dependent quantum interference between the dipole and multipole transitions can lead to controllable switch between the weak and strong coupling, and provides an extra degree of freedom to form a high-dimension EP space. Our approach provides a robust platform for accessing the quantum EPs and related applications.
Liquid crystal lasers: the last decade and the future
Authors: Mysliwiec Jaroslaw , Szukalska Alina , Szukalski Adam , Sznitko Lech 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe demonstration of the first ruby laser in 1960 led to a revolution in science and technology. The lasers have significantly influenced the development of new approaches to spectroscopy, giving previously undreamed insights into physics, chemistry, and other scientific areas. The search for new materials for light amplification is one of the fundamental subjects of modern photonics and nanotechnology. In this review, we summarize the most appealing progress in developing liquid crystalline (LC) micro and nano-lasers during the last decade, together with their applications and description of perspectives for the future. We will describe the physical background necessary to understand the operation principles of LC lasers, including a description of radiative transition phenomena and LC matter. The article will be divided into separate sections concerning different approaches of LC lasers realization, including; band edge, DFB, DBR, VECSEL, and random cavities utilization. We will also discuss how the LC phases can influence the design of laser devices. Finally, the potential applications, perspectives, and conclusions will be discussed at the end of the article.
One-dimensional planar topological laser
Authors: Palatnik Alexander , Sudzius Markas , Meister Stefan , Leo Karl 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Topological interface states are formed when two photonic crystals with overlapping band gaps are brought into contact. In this work, we show a planar binary structure with such an interface state in the visible spectral region. Furthermore, we incorporate a thin layer of an active organic material into the structure, providing gain under optical excitation. We observe a transition from fluorescence to lasing under sufficiently strong pump energy density. These results are the first realization of a planar topological laser, based on a topological interface state instead of a cavity like most of other laser devices. We show that the topological nature of the resonance leads to a so-called “topological protection”, i.e. stability against layer thickness variations as long as inversion symmetry is preserved: even for large changes in thickness of layers next to the interface, the resonant state remains relatively stable, enabling design flexibility superior to conventional planar microcavity devices.
Retrospective Redundancy: The Anthropocene and the Crisis of Historical Comprehension
Authors: Leskanich Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis essay contends that the Anthropocene as a historicization in planetary history is symptomatic of a lurking crisis in historical comprehension. This crisis – rooted in the technologically-induced incongruence between past and future – more generally speaks to the consequent diminishment of human historical comprehension under conditions of unprecedented anthropogenic upheaval, and, ultimately, to the inadequacy of the historicizing impulse itself. Thus the Anthropocene, I suggest, fails in its retrospective redundancy to compensate for the incoherence of the historical situation it aims to comprehend, and is further symptomatic of a world that has not merely been historically mismanaged, but in which historical comprehension has itself broken down.
Mapping variation of handsheet properties within loblolly pine trees
Authors: Schimleck Laurence R. , Antony Finto , Mora Christian , Dahlen Joseph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWithin-tree variation of four handsheet properties (burst index, sheet density, STFI short-span compression strength (STFI) and tensile index) was mapped for loblolly pine trees aged 13 and 22 years using NIR predicted handsheet property data (representing an average of 18 trees for each age). All within-tree maps were similar demonstrating a radial decrease in handsheet properties at all heights, with sheet density and tensile index having the greatest within-tree variation. The corewood zone had the highest values for all properties, while the lowest values were observed in a region consistent with juvenile and transitional outerwood as defined by Burdon et al. (2004). The maps are also similar to, but the inverse of, maps reported in prior studies for density and tracheid coarseness and wall thickness. Relationships amongst the examined handsheet properties and wood and tracheid properties explains the overall similarities of the different maps. The maps provide a representation of within-tree variation of important paper properties at two different ages. An understanding of how these properties vary within loblolly pine trees can aid in better utilization of forest resources.
Women must be equal partners in science: gender-balance lessons from biology
Authors: Spini Lucilla , Buckeridge John , Smagghe Guy , Maree Sarita , Fomproix Nathalie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Access to scientific careers for women has never been easy, but as biases and barriers slowly begin to diminish, women are becoming more and more involved in science, especially Biological Sciences. Some of the reasons why women do not have the same opportunities to achieve career pathways equal to those of men are discussed. We conclude that there is an ongoing need to design and apply new policies to effect a gender balance throughout the career path. This is seen not simply as an equitable outcome – it is a moral imperative.
In vitro biocompatibility study of microwave absorbing conducting polymer blend films for biomedical applications
Authors: Bhavsar Vaishali , Tripathi Deepti 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the present communication, microwave absorbing property in the frequency range of 12.4–18 GHz and in vitro biocompatibility studies of light weight, flexible, biocompatible, and environment friendly polymer blend films of polyvinylchloride (PVC)-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (taken in ratio 1:1) and doped with various percentage weight concentration of polypyrrole (PPy) are reported. Addition of PPy in the PVC-PVP matrix exhibited a synergetic effect in improving microwave absorbing property. PVC-PVP blend film with 40 and 50% concentrations of PPy were seen to absorb microwaves of the order of 28–50 dB in ku band of microwave region indicating that this composition can suitably find application as microwave absorbing material. In vitro biocompatibility skin irritation study of PVC-PVP (taken in ratio 1:1) with 50% weight concentration of PPy indicated that the prepared film did not have any irritation upon administration and hence is safe for topical application. Moreover, the blood compatibility study of this film exhibited compatibility with blood and can safely be used in any blood contacting mask/device. Hence, this biocompatible film can potentially be used as microwave absorbing material for masking some parts of human body or can be interfaced to biological systems or devices.
Effect of Hydrophobization on Wetting, Drying and Salt Crystallization in Porous Materials
Authors: Shahidzadeh N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We discuss the major role played by both the wetting properties of the porous material and the boundary conditions on the drying process. For hydrophobic materials, it will be shown how under some circumstances the evaporation rate becomes lower in the presence of an air flow over the surface than without an air flow, which at first sight seems counterintuitive. Furthermore, as hydrophobic treatment can facilitate the formation of liquid pockets, we discuss how entrapped sodium chloride solution can reach a high supersaturation before crystallization, contrary to what is commonly assumed for this salt. A consequence of such a high concentration is the very rapid growth of a single skeletal (Hopper) crystal, which can lead to damage.
Bayesian analysis of structural correlated unobserved components and identification via heteroskedasticity
Authors: Li Mengheng , Mendieta-Muñoz Ivan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose a structural representation of the correlated unobserved components model, which allows for a structural interpretation of the interactions between trend and cycle shocks. We show that point identification of the full contemporaneous matrix which governs the structural interaction between trends and cycles can be achieved via heteroskedasticity. We develop an efficient Bayesian estimation procedure that breaks the multivariate problem into a recursion of univariate ones. An empirical implementation for the US Phillips curve shows that our model is able to identify the magnitude and direction of spillovers of the trend and cycle components both within-series and between-series.
Investigations on the positioning accuracy of the Nano Fabrication Machine (NFM-100)
Authors: Stauffenberg Jaqueline , Ortlepp Ingo , Blumröder Ulrike , Dontsov Denis , Schäffel Christoph , Holz Mathias , Rangelow Ivo W. , Manske Eberhard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This contribution deals with the analysis of the positioning accuracy of a new Nano Fabrication Machine. This machine uses a planar direct drive system and has a positioning range up to 100 mm in diameter. The positioning accuracy was investigated in different movement scenarios, including phases of acceleration and deceleration. Also, the target position error of certain movements at different positions of the machine slider is considered. Currently, the NFM-100 is equipped with a tip-based measuring system. This Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) uses self-actuating and self-sensing microcantilevers, which can be used also for Field-Emission-Scanning-Probe-Lithography (FESPL). This process is capable of fabricating structures in the range of nanometres. In combination with the NFM-100 and its positioning range, nanostructures can be analysed and written in a macroscopic range without any tool change. However, the focus in this article is on the measurement and positioning accuracy of the tip-based measuring system in combination with the NFM-100 and is verified by repeated measurements. Finally, a linescan, realised using both systems, is shown over a long range of motion of 30 mm.
Are serum molecular markers more effective than the invasive methods used in the diagnosis of breast cancers?
Authors: Acar Hasan Zafer , Özer Nazmi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The most effective method currently used in breast cancer diagnosis is fine-needle aspiration biopsy. However, if the superiority of serum molecular markers to invasive diagnostic methods can be proven, it will have a great impact on the diagnostic approach and screening programs for breast cancer. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of the serum molecular markers in the diagnosis of breast cancer with respect to invasive methods.

Materials and Methods
In this study, the literature on serum molecular markers and tissue molecular markers obtained using fine needle aspiration biopsy were collected. The absolute sensitivity rates obtained for serum molecular markers and for invasive needle biopsy methods were compared by systematic biostatistical analysis.

Results
In the diagnosis of breast cancer, the absolute sensitivity rates of serum molecular markers (90.6%) were found to be significantly higher than the absolute sensitivity rates of invasive methods (80.7%) (p<0.001).

Conclusions
These results indicate that, serum molecular markers, can be used safely in breast cancer screening, definitive diagnosis and follow-up. Therefore, in the near future, serum molecular markers are likely to take a higher priority in breast cancer diagnosis and screening.
Flipped learning in faculty development programs: opportunities for greater faculty engagement, self-learning, collaboration and discussion
Authors: Yılmaz Yusuf , Çalışkan Süleyman Ayhan , Darcan Şükran , Darendeliler Feyza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of flipped learning in faculty development program (FDP) dedicated for developing key-feature questions (KFQs), and to compare examinees’ success and their opinions for the KFQs in a board exam.

Methods
The study group consisted of two cohorts – Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Society Board members (n=11) and Pediatric Endocrinology Subspecialty 2019 Board Examination examinees (n=22). We used flipped learning approach to develop KFQs. This entailed writing KFQs while learning took place online. The discussion and refinement of the questions for the exam were done during the face-to-face meeting. At the end, feedback was taken from both cohorts.

Results
The faculty members developed 14 KFQs during the flipped learning process. They found the training useful (Md=9, IQR=1), and expressed high satisfaction (Md=9, IQR=1) for flipped learning approach. According to the faculty members, peer review was an important step in the flipped learning instructions for revising and improving the KFQs.

Conclusions
A successful intervention of flipped learning approach has been tested in a FDP dedicated for KFQ writing. During flipped learning, the board (faculty) members were more engaged, motivated for self-learning and collaboration, and encouraged for robust face-to-face discussions.
Genetically Targeted Connectivity Tracing Excludes Dopaminergic Inputs to the Interpeduncular Nucleus from the Ventral Tegmentum and Substantia Nigra
Authors: Nasirova Nailyam , Quina Lely A. , Novik Shoshana , Turner Eric E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe “habenulopeduncular system” consists of the medial habenula (MHb) and its principal target of innervation, the interpeduncular nucleus (IP). Neurons in the ventral MHb (MHbV) express acetylcholine along with glutamate, and both the MHb and IP are rich in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Much of the work on this system has focused on nicotinic mechanisms and their clinical implications for nicotine use, particularly because the IP expresses the α5 nicotinic receptor subunit, encoded by the CHRNA5 gene, which is genetically linked to smoking risk. A working model has emerged in which nicotine use may be determined by the balance of reinforcement mediated in part by nicotine effects on dopamine reward pathways, and an aversive “brake” on nicotine consumption encoded in the MHb-IP pathway. However, recent work has proposed that the IP also receives direct dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). If correct, this would significantly impact the prevailing model of IP function. Here, we have usedChrna5Cremice to perform rabies virus-mediated retrograde tracing of global inputs to the IP. We have also used Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus (AAV) anterograde tracing usingSlc6a3Cre(DATCre) mice to map VTA dopaminergic efferents, and we have examined tract-tracing data using other transgenic models for dopaminergic neurons available in a public database. Consistent with the existing literature using non-genetic tracing methods, none of these experiments show a significant anatomic connection from the VTA or substantia nigra (SN) to the IP, and thus do not support a model of direct dopaminergic input to the habenulopeduncular system.
Characteristics and treatment responsiveness of patients with acromegaly and a paradoxical GH increase to oral glucose load
Authors: Atquet Virginie , Alexopoulou Orsalia , Maiter Dominique 
Published: June 2021

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the clinical, biochemical, histological and radiological characteristics as well as the response to somatostatin analogs (SSA) in a large cohort of acromegaly patients with a paradoxical GH response (PR) to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Design
Retrospective study.

Methods
Of 110 patients with acromegaly included in our study, 30 (PR+; 27%) had a paradoxical GH increase of more than 25% relative to basal GH levels during OGTT.

Results
At diagnosis, PR+ patients were older than PR− patients (52 ± 16 years vs 44 ± 14 years, P < 0.05) and had smaller pituitary tumors (40% microadenomas vs 19%, P < 0.05), which were less often invasive (17% vs 35%, P < 0.05), overall more secreting (insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/tumoral surface: 2.35 ULN/cm2 (0.28–9.06) vs 1.08 (0.17–7.87), P = 0.011), and more often hypointense on T2-weighted MRI (92% vs 48%, P = 0.001). While the rate of remission after surgery was similar in the two groups (69%), a better response to SSA treatment was observed in PR+ patients, either before (IGF-1 reduction of > 50% after 3–6 months in 77% vs 49%, P = 0.023) or after surgery (normalization of IGF-1 in 100% vs 44%, P = 0.011).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that in acromegaly, a paradoxical GH increase during OGTT is associated with particular features of somatotroph adenomas and with a better prognosis in terms of response to SSA.
From connectors to extension particles, the meaning of sipa ki in Mauritian Creole
Authors: Chady Shimeen-Khan 
Published: June 2021

The extension particles are not considered as discourse markers by all researchers mainly considering the grammatical function the connectors which they are based on can present. However, as for discourse markers which “desemantisation” has been revoked, other researchers argue that extension particles maintain part of their original meaning while endorsing an intersubjective value. I try to study this question in this article for the Mauritian Creole extension particle sipa ki which is formed on the connector sipa. A fine-grained conversational and pragmatics analysis of 6 hours of ordinary conversations, collected in 2014 shows how sipa ki plays a part in conversational relation co-construction. While helping the enunciator to construct their own discourse and showing their attitude towards it, sipa ki provides information on the way the sentence has to be interpreted by soliciting (assumed) shared experience by interlocutors for message reconstruction. I argue that speech effects provided by extension particle sipa ki partly rely on the meaning of connector sipa on which it is constructed and which also holds an intersubjective value.