bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSTIC USE OF IODINE 131 IN CHILDREN
Authors: Treves S. , Crigler J. F. 
Published: December 2021

An interesting case report of thyroid carcinoma in this issue1 reflects the concern of many pediatricians regarding the use of iodine 131 (131I) for diagnostic purposes in children. Perhaps it is time to review the role of the use and the safety of iodine 131 thyroid uptake and scan in evaluation of disorders of the thyroid gland in children.
With today's technology, thyroid uptake determinations can be performed with extremely low amounts of iodine 131. Large sodium iodine crystals of high sensitivity and long counting time allow doses of a fraction of 1 microcurie (i.e., = 0.1 to 0.5µCi), with a resulting thyroid absorbed dose varying with age but always much lower than that in the case report.1
DAY CARE FOR HANDICAPPED CHILDREN
Authors: Kugel Robert B. , McMahon Jean L. , Bartram John B. , Berenberg William , Cavanaugh James J. A. , Hansen Virgil , Kennell John H. , Lorincz Andrew E. , Pearson Paul H. , Scott Roland B. , Scurletis Theodore D. , Taft Lawrence T. , Browner J. Albert , Halpern Daniel , Whelan Richard J. 
Published: December 2021

Day care programs oriented to the developmental needs of infants and young children should be established throughout the United States and should be available to all parents who wish to enroll their children. Excellent day care programs with a well-trained, child care staff, progressive educational programs, and comprehensive child health care services can benefit many children of this country, including those who are handicapped.
Whenever possible, handicapped children should be integrated into the same groups and programs as other children. The physical, emotional, social, and intellectual characteristics children share are greater than the differences caused by any handicap. No children should be isolated, segregated, or excluded. Day care facilities should be planned to include the needs of handicapped children. They should be free of physical barriers that would limit their use by a handicapped child; they should also contain provisions for the use of wheel chairs, grab bars, and other locomotive devices. The staff for programs with provisions for the handicapped will generally need additional training and be larger than that for programs for normal children; and the class size will often be smaller.
Even when day care programs are available for all children, the need for special programs for the handicapped will be great. Some special programs can be provided as a supplement to the day care program, for example, physical therapy and speech training for a child with cerebral palsy. Some infants and preschool children with handicaps may require separate programs in centers with a specially trained staff for a few months or years, for example, those who are blind, deaf and blind, autistic, and severely mentally retarded.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Cohen Matthew 
Published: December 2021

I wish to thank Dr. Strauss and associates for their pertinent letter. Their remarks and the previous correspondence with Dr. Todd1 are of practical importance in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
I agree that x-rays should be performed early in the course of urinary tract disease but I did not state that radiologic evaluation of a girl's urinary tract infection is unnecessary if her urinary tract infection responds to an antibiotic.
I can only reinforce Dr. Strauss' statement that the goal of treatment is to conserve renal tissue.
PNEUMATOCELES ASSOCIATED WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI PNEUMONIAS IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Kuhn Jerald P. , Lee B. 
Published: December 2021

The radiological and clinical findings in three cases of neonatal Escherichia coli pneumonia complicated by pneumatocele formation are discussed.
In all three of the cases the pneumatoceles occurred as the pneumonia was resolving. Radiologically, the pneumatoceles were indistinguishable from the pneumatocele formation associated with staphylococcal pneumonia. Resolution of the pneumatoceles was slow but uncomplicated.
THE INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE: COMMENTARY ON A COMMENTARY
Authors: Kemberling Sidney R. 
Published: December 2021

As Chairman of the Committee on Indian Health of the American Academy of Pediatrics, I would like to comment on Dr. Mortimer's provocative commentary: "Indian Health: An Unmet Problem." In the main I agree with its content, but I would modify some of his statements and offer additional or alternative solutions.
Dr. Mortimer sees problems in the Albuquerque area, and he is inclined to generalize from them to the entire Indian Health Service. Although problems exist everywhere, they differ from area to area in their nature and severity. For example, in his first paragraph he refers to the fact that Indian Health Service physicians have little time for study, research, and reflection.
PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF SEIZURES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Voeller Kytia K. S. , Rothenberg Michael B. 
Published: December 2021

The authors present the impressions gained from their experiences with 266 patients in the pediatric seizure clinic of a general hospital. They conclude that the systematic inclusion of psychosocial dynamics and attention to personality development in the management of children with a variety of seizure disorders have both therapeutic and prophylactic value.
To utilize this approach, they outline specific techniques and principles which can be applied by the physician with little additional time commitment and with no special psychological or psychiatric skills.
Hypoglycemia Associated With Propranolol
Authors: McBride John T. , McBride Margaret C. , Viles Peter H. 
Published: December 2021

The beta-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, has been recommended for both immediate treatment and long-term control of cyanotic spells in children with tetralogy of Fallot.1 It has also been suggested as the second drug of choice, after digitalis, in the management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.2 The use of propranolol in children with heart disease thus is increasing. We would like to call attention to the possible occurrence of hypoglycemia during periods of restricted oral intake in children receiving propranolol.
The most frequently cited side effects of propranolol are bronchospasm, bradycardia, hypotension, and congestive heart failure.3 Although not usually considered a side effect, hypoglycemia has been reported.4,5
THE PHYSICIAN AND THE DEAF CHILD
Authors: McMahon Jean , Kugel Robert B. , Bartram John B. , Berenberg William , Cavanaugh James J. A. , Hanson Virgil , Kennell John H. , Lorincz Andrew E. , Pearson Paul H. , Scott Roland B. , Scurletis Theodore D. , Taft Lawrence T. , Browder J. Albert , Halpern Daniel , Martin Edwin W. 
Published: December 2021

Deafness is a handicap which seriously impairs a child's ability to develop his potential and usually precludes a normal relationship between him and society. Hearing impairments developed in thousands of children during the rubella epidemic of the mid-sixties. The present struggle of these youngsters to acquire language highlights the impact of deafness. Therefore, the Committee's attention is focused on this disability, and the need to cite the physician's responsibility to the deaf child becomes paramount.
One child in 1,500 is born deaf. Many more acquire deafness after birth, and 3 children in 100 have impaired hearing. The normal acquisition of language depends on the auditory system; and the relationship between normal language development and one's capability to function in society is obvious.
There is some disagreement about when a hearing impairment should be classed as deafness; and many resort to a functional description based on the need of the child to be educated in a school for the deaf. For the purposes of this statement, a child can be considered deaf if his threshold of hearing across the speech frequencies (i.e., from 500 through 2,000 cycles per second) is depressed 80 db (ANSI) in the better ear.
The importance of documenting the presence of hearing in the growing infant cannot be stressed too strongly. It is equally important to recognize the implications of the absence of normal hearing in a child. The physician who renders primary health care to the child and cares for him from the bassinet1 to adulthood should assume this task (the type, the extent, and the cause of hearing loss should be determined by otolaryngologists and audiologists).
On What Basis Are Decisions Made About Infants' Shoes?
Authors: Goldsmith Richard 
Published: December 2021

I read with some interest your recent article on the question of infant shoes and pediatric prejudice by Dyment and Bogan.1 I probably would have given a hedging affirmative answer to "question 8." But I would wonder on what scientific basis this answer would be based.
It would be interesting to question the pediatricians on their own choice of personal footwear in relationship to foot and leg fatigue at the end of the long day.
Symposium On Myelomeningocele, by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1972, 317 pp., $24
Authors: Welch Keasley 
Published: December 2021

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery is the representative society for that specialty in this country and the vehicle by which orthopaedics has taken a position of leadership in the area of continuing education. This symposium was held under the auspices of the Academy at Hartford and Newington, Connecticut, in November 1970.
Intended, according to the preface, "to bring an up-to-date overview of the philosophy, treatment methods, techniques, and general understanding of problems encountered in the management of patients with myelomeningocele and related disorders," the volume does just that and does so in an interesting, attractively prepared and well-illustrated format.
EFFECTS OF PHENOBARBITAL ON BILE SALT METABOLISM IN CHOLESTASIS DUE TO INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCT HYPOPLASIA
Authors: Stiehl Adolf , Thaler M. , Admirand William H. 
Published: December 2021

The effects of phenobarbital (PB) on bile salt metabolism in a patient with severe cholestasis due to congenital paucity of perilobular bile ducts were studied with 14C-cholate and 3H-chenodeoxycholate.
During the control period (without PB) cholate was the predominant bile salt in the peripheral blood, whereas chenodeoxycholate was predominant in the total bile salt pool. This difference in the distribution of the two primary bile salts appeared to be caused by relatively greater impairment of excretion of cholate from the liver cell into the bile.
PB administration caused a decrease in the total serum bile salt concentration (from 132 to 62µg/ml), in the total bile salt pool (from 412 to 304 mg) and in the biologic half-life (cholate from 106 to 34 hours; chenodeoxycholate from 77 to 42 hours). The proportion of the total bile salt pool present in the peripheral blood decreased from 16.8% to 11.7%. In addition, PB markedly increased the fecal bile salt excretion.
These data suggest the PB improves pruritus in this type of intrahepatic cholestasis by reducing serum bile salt concentrations. This is accomplished by a shift in bile salts from the peripheral blood into the enterohepatic circulation and by enhancing fecal bile salt excretion.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Green Morris 
Published: December 2021

While recognizing that the magnitude of the patient population who come to many of the ambulatory services in metropolitan centers makes personalized care difficult, it is clear that many individuals and institutions are actively exploring arrangements that attempt this.
The care of the person in health services, a practice championed by Blackfan, Schick, and Powers in the past and by Senn, Richmond, Solnit, Korsch, and others in the present, is a relatively new phenomenon in large ambulatory services.1
The Maltreated Child: The Maltreatment Syndrome in Children, ed. 2, by Vincent J. Fontana, M.D., F.A.A.P., with a foreword by Mother Loretto Bernard. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 1971, 96 pp., $7
Authors: Newberger Eli H. 
Published: December 2021

"Today . . . the important battle continues between the child murderer and the child saver" (p. 8).
"There must be an acknowledgment by society, immediately, that the problem of child abuse and neglect does exist and is on the increase. Recognition of this syndrome as an index of social and parental delinquency should stimulate community cooperation through the establishment, if not already in existence, of organizations, protective agencies, and courts for better child protection." (p. 38)
THE RELATIONSHIP OF INTELLIGENCE AND CEREBRAL MANTLE IN TREATED INFANTILE HYDROCEPHALUS (IQ Potential in Hydrocephalic Children)
Authors: Young Harold F. , Nulsen Frank E. , Weiss Martin H. , Thomas Paula 
Published: December 2021

Hydrocephalus in early life can often be so successfully treated as to allow children to live and grow with normal intelligence. Whereas untreated hydrocephalus allows only unpredictable intelligence when arrested, a far better prognosis holds for treated hydrocephalus. In an analysis of 147 patients with hydrocephalus treated by valveregulated ventriculovenous shunt, IQ can be related to ultimate frontal cerebral mantle. We have sought to correlate late IQ with the nature of the presenting abnormality, the age at which treatment was instituted, and the adequacy of control of the hydrocephalus as reflected in growth of cerebral mantle.
This analysis indicates that in certain specific situations, prognosis for good IQ is predictable. At the same time, the study suggests guidelines for adequacy of shunting and the urgency for early shunting to allow for maximum benefits.
FOLLOW-UP OF INFANTS WITH SINGLE UMBILICAL ARTERY
Authors: Froehlich Luz A. , Fujikura Toshio 
Published: December 2021

Of 39,773 white and black consecutive single births, 344 (0.9%) had single umbilical artery (SUA). The incidence was higher in whites (1.2%) than in blacks (0.5%). Despite high mortality in infants with SUA (14.0%) the incidence was still 0.7% among surviving infants. Associated malformations were present in 19 of 36 dead infants with SUA, or 52.8%, and in 11 of 266 SUA survivors, or 4.1%. Cardiovascular and genitourinary anomalies were not higher in dead infants with SUA compared to all dead malformed infants.
A follow-up study of infants up to 4 years of age was undertaken, comparing 266 SUA survivors with 798 matched controls. Among malformations found in survivors, only inguinal hernia was significantly higher in SUA children compared to controls. The incidences of other specific abnormal conditions were not significantly different in the two groups. The mean values of body weight, body length, and head circumference at 4 months, 1 year, and 4 years of age, were almost equal in the two groups, as were the mental and motor scores at 8 months and the I.Q. at 4 years of age.
The Newborn Child, ed. 3, by David Vulliamy, M.D., F.R.C.P., D.C.H. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1972, 189 pp., $11.75
Authors: Avery Mary Ellen 
Published: December 2021

The third edition of this well-known primer has been revised and updated to become a timely and useful guide. Among its attributes are its small size (it fits a lab coat pocket beautifully), frequent subject headings, clarity of style, and emphasis on common problems. The illustrations are relatively few in number but pertinent.
The book is recommended for students, residents, and nurses who first become associated with a nursery service. It serves as a readable and useful introduction.
THE SAD OUTCOME OF AN INFANT WITH ST. ANTHONY'S FIRE IN 1828
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Erysipelas, or St. Anthony's fire, formerly very common, is rarely seen today. It is a distinctive type of acute cellulitis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues caused by group A betahemolytic streptococci. The case history below, written in 1828 by Sir Arthur Clarke, a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, is a vivid reminder of the gravity of paraumbilical infections in the preantibiotic era:
A lady in the country sent for me, while writing these pages, to visit her infant the tenth day after its birth. She informed me that she had just discovered an inflammation round the navel, which the midwife had concealed from her. Upon examination I found its entire belly covered with cloths, wetted with some cold solution of sugar of lead in water, on removing which the navel appeared in a sloughy gangrenous state, surrounded by a most extensive erysipelatous inflammation, which spread almost over the whole abdomen. About the navel, was hard, swelled and painful. The screems of the infant were piercing and incessant, and increasing the inflammation and pain by the action produced in the surrounding muscles. I directed its bowels to be kept open, twice or three times a day, with castor oil, and occasionally with rhubarb and calomel: the navel to be covered with an emollient poultice every eight hours, and the surrounding inflammation to be dusted with fine powdered starch. The appearances were so changeable as to compel me to alter the applications almost daily, from the simple bread and milk, to the carrot and fermenting poultices, camphorated spirits, etc.
DRUGS AND SPORTS
Authors: Diamond Eugene F. , Heffelfinger John C. , Kennell John H. , Poncher John R. , Shaffer Thomas E. , Thornton Melvin 
Published: December 2021

Young people today grow up with the notion that there is a drug to hasten recovery from practically every illness and that a healthy person can be even better off if he has something special in his diet or in his manner of living. The result of these beliefs and attitudes is a host of misconceptions about ways by which a healthy individual can be improved by a miracle drug, a special diet, a vitamin, a hormone, particular exercises, or some other procedure. There is no scientific basis for any such practices, although they are usually not actually hazardous. However, a number of drugs, including those allegedly capable of increasing performance, may indeed be harmful.
Some athletes and their coaches, in their eagerness to excel, are now using a variety of ergogenic aids in an attempt to increase work output and thus improve performance. Such attempts to enhance physical ability have involved the use of nutritional, physical, and pharmacological agents.
The subject of dietary measures to improve physical performance can be dealt with in a few words. There is no evidence to support claims that any special food, vitamin, or other nutritional supplements can improve athletic ability of an individual already receiving an adequate diet.
There also is no scientific evidence that the use of physical ergogenic aids (breathing oxygen, use of massage, ultraviolet light, mechanical devices, and so forth) will bring about better physical performance. Oxygen cannot be stored in the tissues, and so its inhalation before exercise has no effect on performance or rate of recovery.
Lead Poisoning: Status of the FEP and Other Tests
Authors: Fischer Robert D. 
Published: December 2021

The recent articles by Piomelli et al.1 and Chisolm2 represent another welcomed investigation and discussion on the use of free erythrocyte porphyrin (FEP) test in the control of lead poisoning. These investigators, however, have greatly overstated the potential of this test as a primary screening tool in community lead control programs.
The policy statement of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, developed in consultation with Dr. Chisolm, has established that "The prime goal of screening programs is the prevention of lead poisoning" [emphasis added].3
Pédiatrie Sociale, by Raymond Mande, Nathalie Masse, and Michael Manciaux. Paris: Flammarion Médecine-Sciences, 1972, 699 pp., no price given
Authors: Falkner Frank 
Published: December 2021

It is a pity that this good book is published in French, the sole reason for this odd statement being that it would deservedly be read by a much larger readership of this journal if it were available in English. I know of no such comparable up-to-date book that embraces so well the whole complex of social pediatrics and child health.
The editors have divided the contributions of 34 contributors into four parts: demography and vital statistics, the normal child, social factors related to the main illnesses of childhood, and organization of services designed to protect the child's health and optimal social development.
ON DETERMINING THE SEX OF THE UNBORN CHILD
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Eugene Beckland, considered by some of his contemporaries to be the most distinguished French physiologist of the first half of the 19th century, offered the rules cited below for telling the sexes of children before they were born.*
There are tolerably conclusive rules, for telling the sexes of children before they are born; and were I to be guided entirely by the testimony of my own experience, I would say, that these rules are infallible. Ladies experience more sickness with boys than with girls, probably because they are generally larger and more lively. Their foreign appetites are also of a stronger, better defined, and more natural character. For instance, with one they will long for meat, spiritous liquors, etc.; with the other, for chalk, isinglass, and various substances, which would be quite repugnant to her at other times. Anain roundness of form promises a boy; whereas when the tendency is nearly all to the front, and the hips and back give but little evidence of the lady's situation, the great probability is, that the little stranger is a girl. At all events, these indications never have deceived me.1
QUINTILIAN ON EDUCATION OF THE CHILD
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (c. A.D. 35-c. 95) was born in Calagurris, Spain, and was brought as a child to Home. Emperor Vespasian appointed him public teacher of oratory in Rome; among his pupils were Pliny the Younger and the future emperor Hadrian. At the age of 48 Quintilian retired from teaching to find time to write his celebrated Institutio Oratoria. The quotations below taken from this book demonstrate that his ideas on childhood education might have been written by a contemporary educator.
Above all things we must take care that the child, who is not yet old enough to love his studies, does not come to hate them and dread the bitterness which he has once tasted, even when the years of infancy are left behind. His studies must be made an amusement.
Study depends on the good will of the student, a quality that cannot be secured by compulsion.
I disapprove of flogging, although it is the regular custom and meets with the acquiescence of Chrysippus [the Stoic philosopher], because in the first place it Is a disgraceful form of punishment and in any case it is an insult, as you will realize if you imagine its infliction at a later age.
I will content myself with saying that children are helpless and easily victimized, and that therefore no one should be given unlimited power over them.
There are no subjects in which, as a rule, practice is not more valuable than precept.1