bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A posterior transition probability‐based model for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks for maximized network lifetime and performance enhancement
Authors: Thareja Yogita , Sharma Kamal Kumar 
Published: February 2021

SummaryDemand of cognitive radio technology and wireless sensor network is increasing in various applications. Currently, the combined cognitive wireless sensor networks have gained attraction by research community due to their extensive applications and advantages. The wireless sensor networks operate in ISM bands where managing the available spectrum is considered as a crucial task. Moreover, the sensor networks are deployed in harsh environment and equipped with limited power supply; hence, replacement of power source is not possible. Hence, efficient spectrum sensing and lifetime management are the challenging task in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). In this work, we present a combined approach to enhance the network enactment, i.e., network lifetime, energy depletion, and packet delivery with a novel spectrum sensing approach. In order to handle the issue of energy utilization, we introduce inter‐ and intra‐cluster communication model along with a clustering algorithm. Further, we present a posterior transition probability‐based model for spectrum sensing. We present an experimental study where we measure the network enactment in context of alive node, dead node, enduring energy, and packet to the base station. The experimental study shows that average spectrum sensing performance is obtained as 0.9030, 0.9188, 0.9213, 0.9355, and 0.9628 by using DE, FMODE, NSGA, ODE, and proposed approach, respectively. Experimental analysis shows that proposed approach archives better performance when compared with advanced methods.
Pain, eating behavior, and weight outcomes in adolescent girls
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Smith Kathryn E. , Bond Dale S. , Hipwell Alison E. , Stepp Stephanie D. , Keenan Kate 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn adults, pain is prospectively associated with overweight/obesity and concurrently associated with dysregulated eating, with evidence for stronger associations in women than men. This study aimed to evaluate whether similar associations among pain response, BMI, and loss of control (LOC) eating are also evident in adolescent girls.MethodGirls (n = 202) completed the cold pressor test (CPT) at age 10, and BMI and LOC eating were assessed annually from ages 10–16 years. Generalized linear models were used to test associations between pain tolerance (total immersion time) and threshold (latency to highest pain rating), and changes in BMI and LOC eating.ResultsLower pain tolerance and threshold at age 10 were associated with increases in LOC eating from age 10 to 16 (tolerance: B < −.01, SE < .01, p = .005; threshold: B = −.03, SE = .01, p = .0118). No significant associations were observed between pain tolerance/threshold and increasing BMI.DiscussionPain responsivity in childhood is associated with increases in dysregulated eating from childhood to adolescence. These findings provide support for the early development of an interface between pain and eating behaviors.
Differential geographic patterns in song components of male Albert’s lyrebirds
Authors: Backhouse Fiona , Dalziell Anastasia H. , Magrath Robert D. , Rice Aaron N. , Crisologo Taylor L. , Welbergen Justin A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGeographic variation in bird song has received much attention in evolutionary studies, yet few consider components within songs that may be subject to different constraints and follow different evolutionary trajectories. Here, we quantify patterns of geographic variation in the socially transmitted “whistle” song of Albert's lyrebirds (Menura alberti), an oscine passerine renowned for its remarkable vocal abilities. Albert's lyrebirds are confined to narrow stretches of suitable habitat in Australia, allowing us to map likely paths of cultural transmission using a species distribution model and least cost paths. We use quantitative methods to divide the songs into three components present in all study populations: the introductory elements, the song body, and the final element. We compare geographic separation between populations with variation in these components as well as the full song. All populations were distinguishable by song, and songs varied according to the geographic distance between populations. However, within songs, only the introductory elements and song body could be used to distinguish among populations. The song body and final element changed with distance, but the introductory elements varied independently of geographic separation. These differing geographic patterns of within‐song variation are unexpected, given that the whistle song components are always produced in the same sequence and may be perceived as a temporally discrete unit. Knowledge of such spatial patterns of within‐song variation enables further work to determine possible selective pressures and constraints acting on each song component and provides spatially explicit targets for preserving cultural diversity. As such, our study highlights the importance for science and conservation of investigating spatial patterns within seemingly discrete behavioral traits at multiple levels of organization.
Rapid and scalable fabrication of ultra‐stretchable, anti‐freezing conductive gels by cononsolvency effect
Authors: Wu Shuwang , Alsaid Yousif , Yao Bowen , Yan Yichen , Zhao Yusen , Hua Mutian , Wu Dong , Zhu Xinyuan , He Ximin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the emergence of soft electronic devices, the requirements for conductive soft materials are unprecedentedly high. Among various soft materials, hydrogels are gaining tremendous attention for their superior softness, wetness, responsiveness, and biocompatibility. However, hydrogels inevitably lose elasticity and ionic conductivity at subzero temperature because of water freezing in the polymer matrices, severely limiting applications at low temperatures. Herein, we propose a rapid fabrication strategy to produce anti‐freezing conductive gels with poly(vinyl alcohol) on a large scale within minutes (vs hours/days in conventional methods) using a water/DMSO binary liquid system, which serves as gelation inducer via cononsolvency and anti‐freezing solvents simultaneously. The gel with 60 wt% DMSO shows the best anti‐freezing performance, remaining unfrozen at temperatures lower than −50°C, while also maintaining the highest mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 1.1 MPa, toughness of 10.9 MJ/m3, and elongation of 1500% outperforming the most previous reports. After incorporating H2SO4, the gels exhibit a high ionic conductivity of 5.25 S/m and maintain 1.65 S/m even at −50°C. Furthermore, an all‐in‐one supercapacitor is fabricated to demonstrate the potential of the anti‐freezing gel in soft device applications with good performance at subzero temperatures. A full recyclability of the material was also demonstrated.image
A Simple Method for Developing a Hand‐Drawn Paper‐Based Sensor for Mercury; Using Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Smartphone as a Hand‐Held‐Device for Colorimetric Assay
Authors: Mavaei Maryamosadat , Chahardoli Azam , Fattahi Ali , Khoshroo Alireza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMercury ions are highly toxic at trace levels, and its pollution has posed a significant threat to the environment and public health, where current detection methods mainly require laborious operation and expensive instrumentation. Herein, a simple, cost‐effective, instrument‐free approach for selective detection of Hg2+ based on a hand‐drawn paper‐based naked‐eye colorimetric device is developed. To develop a hand‐drawn paper‐based device, a crayon is used to build hydrophobic barriers and a paper puncher is applied to obtain patterns as a sensing zone. A green method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is applied using Achillea Wilhelmsii (Aw) extract. The sensing ability of Aw‐AgNPs toward Hg2+ is investigated in both solution‐phase and paper substrate loaded with Aw‐AgNPs using colorimetric methods. For the paper‐based sensor, the quantification of the target relies on the visual readout of a color‐changed sensing zone modified with Aw‐AgNPs. Under optimal conditions, the color of Aw‐AgNPs in aqueous solution and on the coated paper substrate can change from brown to colorless upon addition of target, with a detection limit of 28 × 10−9 m and 0.30 × 10−6 m, respectively. In conclusion, the present study indicates the potential of this hand‐drawn eco‐friendly paper‐based sensor for monitoring of mercury.
Long‐term antidepressant use in a cohort of older people
Authors: O'Neill Aoife , McFarland John , Kelly Dervla 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesDepression is the most common mental health problem in older adults and untreated is associated with significant burden of illness for patients. This study aimed to examine longitudinal patterns of antidepressant use in older adults and determine which factors were associated with changes in use.MethodsAdults aged 50 and over, from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), who participated at any one of the four TILDA waves (n = 8175) were included in the analysis. Repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) is the model‐based approach we used to identify underlying subgroups in a population.ResultsWe found antidepressant use ranged from 6% to 10%, over a 6‐year period. RMLCA identified three distinct classes of antidepressant use. Notably, 6% of older adults were categorised in a ‘long‐term antidepressant use’ class, with consistent use across all four waves, and 6% were categorised in an ‘Intermittent/Developing Use’ class. We found long‐term antidepressant use to be a characteristic of older adults with chronic conditions at baseline of study and striking low uptake of psychological and psychiatric services.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence of the complex presentations of depression with comorbidities in long‐term antidepressant users. While prolonged use of antidepressants in an older cohort is often rationalised due to recurrent depression and comorbidities, this study suggests little deprescribing of antidepressants and a need for greater access and provision of psychological services tailored to later life seem necessary improve management of this condition.
Rapid recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma at a lymphocele after nephroureterectomy: A rare case report
Authors: Ogawa Kosuke , Shimizu Yousuke , Uketa Shoko , Utsunomiya Noriaki , Asai Satsuki , Ishihara Misa , Hashimoto Kimio , Kanamaru Sojun 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionLymphoceles are sometimes formed after pelvic lymph node dissection. However, recurrence at lymphoceles has not been reported previously. Here, we report a case of rapid prognosis of the recurrence at a lymphocele after nephroureterectomy.Case presentationA 78‐year‐old man underwent retroperitoneoscopic radical nephroureterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for left ureteral urothelial carcinoma. The histopathological diagnosis was high‐grade invasive urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation. Follow‐up computed tomography at 3 months postoperatively showed a lymphocele with a small solid component, in the left pelvic region. At 7 months postoperatively, he presented with severe fatigue, and computed tomography showed a solid tumor had replaced the lymphocele. Computed tomography‐guided biopsy was performed and histopathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionThis report provides support for possible recurrence at the lymphocele after nephroureterectomy. If lymphocele occurs after surgery for malignant disease, it is recommended to follow up with the possibility of recurrence in the lymphatic cysts in mind.
Early on‐demand drainage or standard management for acute pancreatitis patients with acute necrotic collections and persistent organ failure: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ke Lu , Dong Xiaowu , Chen Tao , Doig Gordon S. , Li Gang , Ye Bo , Zhou Jing , Xiao Xiaojia , Tong Zhihui , Li Weiqin ,   for the Chinese Acute Pancreatitis Clinical Trials Group (CAPCTG)
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe current standard care for acute pancreatitis with acute necrotic collections (ANC) is to postpone invasive intervention for 4 weeks when indicated. However, in patients with persistent organ failure (POF), this delayed approach may prolong organ failure. In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of earlier drainage for acute pancreatitis patients with ANC and POF.MethodsA single‐center, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the early on‐demand (EOD) group or the standard management (SM) group. Within 21 days of randomization, early drainage was triggered by unremitted or worsening organ failure in the EOD group. The primary endpoint was a composite of major complications/death during 90‐days follow‐up.ResultsThirty patients were randomized. Within 21 days of randomization, eight of the 15 patients (53%) in the EOD group underwent percutaneous drainage compared to four of the 15 patients (27%) in the SM group (P = 0.26). The primary outcome occurred in three of the 15 (20%) patients in the EOD group and seven of the 15(46.7%) in the controls (P = 0.25, relative risk 0.43, 95%CI 0.14 to 1.35).ConclusionsAlthough the EOD approach did not result in significant differences between groups, the primary outcome assessed in this trial demonstrated the potential for clinical benefits favoring early drainage.
Quantification of 1.5 T T1 and T2* Relaxation Times of Fetal Tissues in Uncomplicated Pregnancies
Authors: Sethi Simran , Giza Stephanie A. , Goldberg Estee , Empey Mary‐Ellen E.T. , de Ribaupierre Sandrine , Eastabrook Genevieve D.M. , de Vrijer Barbra , McKenzie Charles A. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDespite its many advantages, experience with fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited, as is knowledge of how fetal tissue relaxation times change with gestational age (GA). Quantification of fetal tissue relaxation times as a function of GA provides insight into tissue changes during fetal development and facilitates comparison of images across time and subjects. This, therefore, can allow the determination of biophysical tissue parameters that may have clinical utility.PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying previously unknown T1 and T2* relaxation times of fetal tissues in uncomplicated pregnancies as a function of GA at 1.5 T.Study TypePilot.PopulationNine women with singleton, uncomplicated pregnancies (28–38 weeks GA).Field Strength/SequenceAll participants underwent two iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least‐squares estimation (IDEAL‐IQ) acquisitions at different flip angles (6° and 20°) at 1.5 T.AssessmentSegmentations of the lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, muscle, and adipose tissue (AT) were conducted using water‐only images and proton density fat fraction maps. Driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 (DESPOT1) was used to quantify the mean water T1 of the lungs, intraabdominal organs, and muscle, and the mean water and lipid T1 of AT. IDEAL T2* maps were used to quantify the T2* values of the lungs, intraabdominal organs, and muscle.Statistical TestsF‐tests were performed to assess the T1 and T2* changes of each analyzed tissue as a function of GA.ResultsNo tissue demonstrated a significant change in T1 as a function of GA (lungs [P = 0.89]; liver [P = 0.14]; spleen [P = 0.59]; kidneys [P = 0.97]; muscle [P = 0.22]; AT: water [P = 0.36] and lipid [P = 0.14]). Only the spleen and muscle T2* showed a significant decrease as a function of GA (lungs [P = 0.67); liver [P = 0.05]; spleen [P < 0.05]; kidneys [P = 0.70]; muscle [P < 0.05]).Data ConclusionThese preliminary data suggest that the T1 of the investigated tissues is relatively stable over 28–38 weeks GA, while the T2* change in spleen and muscle decreases significantly in that period.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
COVID‐19 infection in patients with intestinal failure: UK experience
Authors: Allan P. J. , Ambrose T. , Mountford C. , Bond A. , Donnellan C. , Boyle R. , Calvert C. , Cernat E. , Clarke E. , Cooper S. C. , Donnelly S. , Evans B. , Glynn M. , Hewett R. , Holohan A. S. , Leitch E. F. , Louis‐Auguste J. , Mehta S. , Naik S. , Nightingale J. , Rafferty G. , Rodrigues A. , Sharkey L. , Small M. , Teubner A. , Urs A. , Wyer N. , Lal S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe direct effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on patients with intestinal failure (IF) has not been described.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide study of UK IF centers to evaluate the infection rates, presentations, and outcomes in patients with types 2 and 3 IF.ResultsA total of 45 patients with IF contracted COVID‐19 between March and August 2020; this included 26 of 2191 (1.2%) home parenteral nutrition (HPN)–dependent adults and 19 of 298 (6.4%) adults hospitalized with type 2 IF. The proportion of patients receiving nursing care for HPN administration was higher in those with community‐acquired COVID‐19 (66.7%) than the proportion in the entire HPN cohort (26.1%; P < .01). Two HPN‐dependent and 1 hospitalized patient with type 2 IF died as a direct consequence of the virus (6.7% of 45 patients with types 2 or 3 infected).ConclusionThis is the first study to describe the outcomes of COVID‐19 in a large cohort of patients requiring long‐term PN. Methods to reduce hospital and community nosocomial spread would likely be beneficial.
Are Spanish‐Speaking Families Less Satisfied with Care in Pediatric Otolaryngology?
Authors: Wandell Grace M. , Wang Xing , Whitlock Kathryn B. , Weber Alizabeth K. , Sie Kathleen C. Y. , Bonilla‐Velez Juliana 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives/HypothesisLanguage barriers may impact family experience, which is a key measure of healthcare quality. We compared family satisfaction between Spanish‐speaking families (SSF) and English‐speaking families (ESF) in pediatric otolaryngology.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsResponses from the Family Experience Survey (FES), a hospital quality benchmarking survey, were analyzed from 2017 to 2019 at one academic pediatric otolaryngology practice. Question responses were compared between SSF versus ESF using mixed effect logistic regression models, adjusting for patient age, medical complexity, and insurance.ResultsA total of 4,964 FES survey responses were included (14% SSF). In multivariate analysis adjusting for age, medical complexity, and insurance, SSF were 1.7 times more likely than ESF to rate their provider with the highest rating (i.e. 9–10/10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–2.22). However, SSF were less likely than ESF to provide the highest rating on many individual aspects of care, including whether providers explained things intelligibly (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95% CI 0.25–0.74), listened carefully (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.28–0.47), knew their medical child's history (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.44–0.64), provided understandable information (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16–0.83), spent sufficient time with them (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31–0.48), allowed them to discuss their questions (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.47–0.70), or had enough input in their children's' care (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.80).ConclusionsIn a large cohort of pediatric otolaryngology patients, SSF rated many individual aspects of their child's care less positively compared to ESF, despite rating their provider highly. Further research is needed to explore the reasons for these differences and how they can be improved.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2393–E2401, 2021
Effects of residue mulching amounts on metabolic footprints based on production and respiration of soil nematodes in a long‐term no‐tillage system
Authors: Luo Jingmei , Zhang Xiaoke , Kou Xinchang , Xie Hongtu , Bao Xuelian , Mahamood Mohammad , Liang Wenju 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResidue mulching has been adopted to improve soil organic carbon and to prevent soil erosion and degradation, which in turn promote the sustainable development of soil ecosystems. Nematode metabolic footprints provide information about the responses of nematodes to resources and also help in quantifying the contributions of nematodes to ecosystem functions and services. However, how production and respiration components of nematode metabolic footprints vary in different mulching amounts is less clear. Therefore, to explore the impact of different mulching amounts on the production and respiration of nematode trophic groups, soil samples were collected from four mulching treatments (without mulching, with 33%, 67%, and 100% mulching of the stover remaining at harvest) at the depths of 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm in a 12‐year long no‐tillage system. Our results proved that the mulching effect on the production and respiration of fungivores was significant, and the production was 71.8%, 62.7%, 71.5% higher and respiration was 67.7%, 61.9%, 70% higher in 100% mulching treatment than without mulching, 33% and 67% mulching, respectively. More basal C flowed into the fungal decomposition pathways and fungivores contributed more to soil carbon sequestration through the decomposition of recalcitrant nutrients from residue at the end of crop growth. There was higher production than respiration in bacterivores and an opposite trend was observed in fungivores. Residue mulching increased the metabolic footprints of nematode communities and carbon use efficiency of fungivores and omnivores and predators and then enhanced the potential of soil carbon sequestration through the metabolic process of different nematode trophic groups.
Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal Controlled Synthesis of Fe‐Co Composite Material
Authors: Rizzuti Antonino , Leonelli Cristina , Dell'Anna Maria Michela , Romanazzi Giuseppe , Mali Matilda , Catauro Michelina , Mastrorilli Piero 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSyntheses of cobalt‐iron oxide composites starting from cobalt acetate and iron acetylacetonate are carried out by microwave‐assisted solvothermal process, using ethylene glycol as the solvent and (polyvinylpyrrolidone) PVP, as the stabilizer. Indeed, the reaction mechanism in the presence of ethylene glycol is well understood with the role of PVP being the inhibitor of nanoparticle growth. However, the control of the morphology of the synthetized nanoparticles is still a great challenge. Herein, it is demonstrated that by adding amines to the reaction mixture, it is possible to control the morphology of the prepared bimetallic cobalt‐iron materials. Thus, different Fe‐Co oxide micro‐particles are synthetized by an innovative microwave‐assisted solvothermal synthesis, which allows to considerably reduce reaction time from 12 h to 15 min, with respect to conventional methods. The procedure is optimized by varying several parameters, such as amount of PVP, in the presence or in the absence of amines, reaction temperature. The dark brown powders of the product are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis, confirming the beneficial effect of the presence of the amine on the morphology of the obtained composites. These results open a new scenario for further studies on the possibility to control the morphology of composite materials.