bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulating Twisted Skeleton to Construct Organ‐Specific Perylene for Intensive Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Zhonghua , Wang Xuejuan , Chen Qing , Ma Feiyan , Huang Yongwei , Gao Yijian , Deng Qingyuan , Qiao Zeng‐Ying , Xing Xiaoyi , Zhu Jianling , Lu Feng , Wang Hao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe systemic use of pharmaceutical drugs for cancer patients is a compromise between desirable therapy and side effects because of the intrinsic shortage of organ‐specific pharmaceutical drug. Design and construction of pharmaceutical drug to achieve the organ‐specific delivery is thus desperately desirable. We herein regulate perylene skeleton to effect organ‐specificity and present an example of lung‐specific distribution on the basis of bay‐twisted PDIC‐NC. We further demonstrate that PDIC‐NC can target into mitochondria to act as cellular respiration inhibitor, inducing insufficient production of adenosine triphosphate, promoting endogenous H2O2 and .OH burst, elevating calcium overload, efficiently triggering the synergistic apoptosis, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress of lung cancer cells. The antitumor performance of PDIC‐NC is verified on in vivo xenografted, metastasis and orthotopic lung cancer, presenting overwhelming evidences for potentially clinical application. This study contributes a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of twisted perylene to well attain lung‐specific distribution, and meanwhile achieves intensive lung cancer chemotherapy.
Facile fabrication of tough and biocompatible hydrogels from polyvinyl alcohol and agarose
Authors: Sun Xinxin , Zhao Yufei , Li Hui , Luo Chunhui , Luo Faliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐agarose (agar) composite hydrogel (M‐PVA‐agar‐60) was developed by simple three cycles of freeze‐thawing, followed by successively soaking in ammonium sulfate aqueous solution to induce phase separation and dialyzing against deionized water to remove residual sulfate salts. Due to the synergy of crystalline regions, hydrogen bonding and phase separation domains, the obtained M‐PVA‐agar‐60 hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength = 1.1 MPa, tensile strain = 324% and compressive stress = 12.5 MPa), combined with a high water content of 87.0%. Moreover, the hydrogel hardly expands after immersing in the phosphate‐buffered saline aqueous solution at 37°C for a week, and the tensile stress and toughness remain almost the same as their initial values, superior to most reported non‐swellable hydrogels. Because of the biocompatible starting materials, absence of toxic chemicals, and dialysis in advance to remove ammonium sulfate, the hydrogel also shows excellent cell compatibility, making it an ideal candidate for tissue engineering materials.
A review: X‐ray excited luminescence of gadolinium based optoelectronic phosphors
Authors: Mahakhode Jayant G. , Nande Amol , Dhoble Sanjay J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractX‐ray excited fluorescence tomography is an emerging field in the application of bio‐imaging and computer tomography. Some rare‐earth doped inorganic phosphors like gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), zinc tungstate (ZnWO4), cesium fluoride (CsF), barium fluorochloride (BaFCl), lanthanum oxybromide (LaOBr) are shown outstanding applications for X‐ray excited phosphors. Gadolinium (Gd)‐based inorganic phosphors show extraordinary applications in the field of X‐ray chromatography and computer chromatography. In this review article, we discussed the general information about X‐ray excited luminescence (XEL) phosphor. Further, we discussed importance, synthesis, structural and photoluminescence (PL) properties of rare‐earth (Europium (Eu)) doped Gd2O3. To elaborate the scope of the review, we have discussed synthesis, structural and optical properties of lithium (Li) doped Gd2O3:Eu. At the end of the review, synthesis, structural and optical properties of Eu doped lutetium oxide (Lu2O3) have been discussed and the results compared with Eu doped Gd2O3. The comparison provided the understanding of structural and optical peak position of host and the dopant (Eu).
The emerging role of FTY720 as a sphingosine 1‐phosphate analog for the treatment of ischemic stroke: The cellular and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Naseh Maryam , Vatanparast Jafar , Rafati Ali , Bayat Mahnaz , Haghani Masoud 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFinding novel and effective drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke is warranted because there is not a definitive treatment for this prevalent disease. Due to the relevance between the sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor and several neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, it seems that fingolimod (FTY720), as an agonist of S1P receptor, can be a useful therapeutic strategy in these patients. FTY720 is the first oral drug approved by the US food and drug administration for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Three important mechanisms for neuroprotective effects of FTY720 have been described. First, the functional antagonistic mechanism that is associated with lymphopenia and reduced lymphocytic inflammation. This effect results from the down‐regulation and degradation of lymphocytes' S1P receptors, which inhibits lymph node lymphocytes from entering the bloodstream. Second, a functional agonistic activity that is mediated through direct effects via targeting S1P receptors on the membrane of various cells including neurons, microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and endothelial cells of blood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS), and the third, receptor‐independent mechanisms that are displayed by binding to specific cellular proteins that modulate intracellular signaling pathways or affect epigenetic transcriptions. Therefore, we review these mechanisms in more detail and describe the animal model and in clinical trial studies that support these three mechanisms for the neuroprotective action of FTY720 in ischemic stroke.
A bioinspired synthetic soft hydrogel for the treatment of dry eye
Authors: Yu Yu , Chow Derek Wai Yee , Lau Chi Ming Laurence , Zhou Guanqun , Back Woojin , Xu Jing , Carim Sean , Chau Ying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNatural soft hydrogels are unique elastic soft materials utilized by living organisms for protecting delicate tissues. Under a theoretical framework derived from the Blob model, we chemically crosslinked high molecular weight hyaluronic acid at a concentration close to its overlap concentration (c*), and created synthetic soft hydrogels that exhibited unique rheological properties similar to a natural soft hydrogel: being dominantly elastic under low shear stress while being viscous when the stress is above a small threshold. We explored a potential application of the hyaluronic acid‐based soft hydrogel as a long‐acting ocular surface lubricant and evaluated its therapeutic effects for dry eye. The soft hydrogel was found to be biocompatible after topical instillation on experimental animals' and companion dogs' eyes. In a canine clinical study, twice‐a‐day ocular instillation of the soft hydrogel in combination with cyclosporine for 1 month improved the clinical signs in more than 65% of dog patients previously unresponsive to cyclosporine treatment.
Determinants of psychotherapy outcome expectations: Qualitative accounts from socially anxious college students
Authors: Morrison Nicholas R. , Constantino Michael J. , Santorelli Gennarina D. , McVicar Erin L. , Ametrano Rebecca M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimPatients' prognostic psychotherapy outcome expectations are robustly associated with post‐treatment outcomes. However, little is known about the determinants of such expectancies, especially in college students whose beliefs have yet to be influenced by prior therapy experiences. Understanding factors that relate to such truly ‘baseline’ predictive beliefs can have implications for addressing undergraduate students' willingness to begin a course of, engage in, and benefit from mental health treatment, beyond simply having had prior positive or negative experiences. In this qualitative study, we examined socially anxious college students' first‐hand accounts of the primary determinants of their baseline treatment outcome expectations.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews focused on participants' personal, cultural and contextual outcome expectancy determinants were they to begin a course of psychotherapy in the future. Data were analysed according to grounded theory and consensual qualitative research principles.ResultsCategories including coursework, media and the experiences of important others were considered positive expectancy determinants in some cases and negative expectancy determinants in others, depending on whether the related depictions in class, on the screen, or in discussions were positively or negatively valenced. Although there was balance among most of these predictors, coursework was more commonly considered a positive versus negative expectancy determinant. More unique negative expectancy determinants were based on incorrect information regarding mental health and/or psychotherapy or stigma surrounding mental illness.DiscussionFindings contribute to the currently scant literature on determinants of college students' baseline treatment beliefs.
Adolescents challenging discrimination: The benefits of a perspective‐taking and action‐planning intervention on self‐efficacy
Authors: Wallrich Lukas , Palmer Sally B , Rutland Adam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiscrimination is widespread and often goes unchallenged because bystanders do not recognize the need to intervene or do not know how to intervene. This field experiment with adolescents (N = 639) tested a group discussion designed to increase perceived importance and self‐efficacy around challenging general discrimination. The intervention, which involved perspective‐taking and action‐planning, was tested with delayed measures against active control conditions, namely sessions on self‐disclosure and civic engagement. It led to greater self‐efficacy, particularly among White participants. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
On‐farm corn phosphorus response reveals importance of soil testing
Authors: Rutan Jeff , Steinke Kurt 
Published: May 2021

Core Ideas
Increased soil test P values above the critical threshold reduces the likelihood of grain yield response to P fertilizer application.
Soil test P critical concentrations of 14 ppm indicated no change from Tri‐State Soil Fertility recommendations.
Shallower soil sampling (0–2 inches) did not improve relationship between soil test P concentration and relative grain yield.
Melt Crystallization of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) Investigated by Means of X‐ray Diffraction
Authors: Herrmann Michael , Förter‐Barth Ulrich , Heintz Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmmonium dinitramide (ADN) is a promising oxidizing agent for solid rocket propellants. In situ XRD investigations of ADN and ADN suspensions have been performed in order to understand and refine the emulsion crystallization process for manufacturing spherical ADN particles (prills). The investigation revealed that the melt crystallization behavior depends on ADN quality, humidity, maximum temperature of temperature cycles, and suspension agents. Further investigations will focus on additives for controlling the mechanisms investigated, e.g., by seeding.
Are Methylaluminoxane Activators Sheets?
Authors: Collins Scott , Hasan Galib , Joshi Anuj , McIndoe J. Scott , Linnolahti Mikko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations on neutral sheet models for methylaluminoxane (MAO) indicate that these structures, containing 5‐coordinate and 4‐coordinate Al, are likely precursors to ion‐pairs seen during the hydrolysis of trimethylaluminum (Me3Al) in the presence of donors such as octamethyltrisiloxane (OMTS). Ionization by both methide ([Me]−) and [Me2Al]+ abstraction, involving this donor, were studied by polarizable continuum model calculations in fluorobenzene (PhF) and o‐difluorobenzene (DFB) media. These studies suggest that low MW, 5‐coordinate sheets ionize by [Me2Al]+ abstraction, while [Me]− abstraction from Me3Al‐OMTS is the likely process for higher MW 4‐coordinate sheets. Further, comparison of anion stabilities per mole of aluminoxane repeat unit (MeAlO)n, suggest that anions such as [(MeAlO)7(Me3Al)4Me]−=[7,4]− are especially stable compared to higher homologues, even though their neutral precursors are unstable.
Multi‐Directional Mechanofluorochromism of Acetyl Pyrenes and Pyrenyl Ynones
Authors: Hirai Yuichi , Laize‐Générat Lucie , Wrona‐Piotrowicz Anna , Zakrzewski Janusz , Makal Anna , Brosseau Arnaud , Michely Laurent , Versace Davy‐Louis , Allain Clémence , Métivier Rémi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA series of acetyl pyrenes and pyrenyl ynones with and without tert‐butyl groups showed distinct mechanofluorochromism (MFC). Four pairs of polymorphic solids were found out of six compounds and interestingly, each of them showed hypsochromic, bathochromic or off‐to‐on MFC. The MFC properties were rationalized by categorizing the packing schemes into herringbone, sandwich, beta and gamma motifs depending on the relative contributions of C⋅⋅⋅C (or π‐π) against C⋅⋅⋅H contacts. The bulky tert‐butyl and trimethylsilyl groups served not only to reduce the number of aggregation patterns but also to prohibit the complete back reactions in solid state. Our results suggest that the simple pyrene derivatives may be promising candidates for a novel group of mechanically‐sensitive materials.
Threshold of vapour–pressure deficit constraint on light use efficiency varied with soil water content
Authors: Gao Dexin , Wang Shuai , Li Zidong , Wei Fangli , Chen Peng , Song Shuang , Wang Yaping , Wang Lixin , Fu Bojie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the constraints on light‐use efficiency (LUE) induced by high evaporative water demand (vapour–pressure deficit; VPD) and soil water stress (soil moisture content; SMC) is crucial for understanding and simulating vegetation productivity, particularly in the arid and semi‐arid regions. However, the relative impacts of VPD and SMC on LUE are unclear, as we lack a mechanistic understanding of impacts and their interactions. In this study, we quantified the relative roles of VPD and SMC in limiting LUE and analysed the interactions among VPD, SMC and LUE using data from CO2 and water flux stations and weather stations along a climatic gradient in the Heihe River Basin, China. We found a threshold of VPD constraint on LUE; above the threshold, LUE decreased at only 3.6% to 23.1% of the rate below the threshold. As SMC decreased, however, the VPD threshold increased, and the reduction of LUE caused by VPD decreased significantly, which is more than half of that in moister regions. Therefore, both VPD and SMC played essential roles in LUE limitation caused by water stress. A threshold also existed for heat flux and the correlation between SMC and LUE; the strength of the correlation first decreased and then increased with increasing VPD. Our results clarified the relative impacts of VPD and SMC on LUE, and can improve simulation and prediction of plant productivity.
Effect of metformin on the high‐density lipoprotein proteome in youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gourgari Evgenia , Nadeau Kristen J. , Pyle Laura , Playford Martin P. , Ma Junfeng , Mehta Nehal N. , Remaley Alan T. , Gordon Scott M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundYouth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have normal or elevated High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL‐C), however, the function of HDL, partly mediated by the HDL proteome, may be impaired. Metformin can be used as an adjunct therapy in youth with T1D, but its effects on the HDL proteome are unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of metformin on the HDL proteome.SubjectsYouth (12–20 years old) with T1D who had a BMI > 90th percentile, HbA1c > 8.0% and Tanner stage 5.MethodsDouble‐blinded, placebo‐controlled randomized sub‐study. We examined the effects of metformin (n = 25) or placebo (n = 10) after 6 months on HDL proteome. Changes in HDL proteins were measured by data‐independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry and compared between treatment groups. As a secondary outcome, associations between proteins of interest and the most studied function of HDL, the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), was examined.ResultsThe relative abundance of 84 HDL‐associated proteins were measured. Two proteins were significantly affected by metformin treatment, peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGRP2; +23.4%,p = .0058) and alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (A2MG; +29.8%,p = .049). Metformin did not significantly affect CEC. Changes in affected HDL proteins did not correlate with CEC.ConclusionsDespite having little effect on HDL‐C, metformin increased PGRP2 and A2MG protein on HDL in youth with T1D, but had no significant effect on CEC. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of PGRP2 and A2MG on other HDL functions.
Isoniazid‐sensing Behavior of a Hybrid Silsesquioxane and Cobalt Pentacyanonitrosylferrate‐based Nanocomposite
Authors: de Souza Magossi Mariana , de Souza Magossi Maiara , Dias Filho Newton Luiz , Ribeiro do Carmo Devaney 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel silsesquioxane and cobalt nitroprusside compound was prepared from octa(aminopropyl)silsesquioxane, resulting in a nanocomposite (ACCoN), which was then characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The cyclic voltammograms of the ACCoN‐modified graphite paste electrode indicated a redox pair with a formal potential (Eθ′)=0.38 V, assigned to the Co(II)Fe(II)(CN)5NO/Co(II)Fe(III)(CN)5NO redox couple. The ACCoN‐modified graphite paste electrode was sensitive to isoniazid concentrations, presenting a linear response at a concentration range from 6.0×10−7to 1.0×10−5 mol L−1, with limit of detection and amperometric sensitivity of 5.53×10−7 mol L−1and 0.17 A/mol L−1, respectively.
Human–environment interactions in a Bahamian dune landscape: A geoarchaeological study of a new Lucayan burial site
Authors: Hanna Jonathan A. , Pateman Michael P. , Bloch Lindsay , Keegan William F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvestigations were undertaken following the discovery of two Lucayan burials in an Atlantic coast sand dune on Long Island, The Bahamas (site LN‐101), in the aftermath of Hurricane Joaquin in 2015. The dune burials were the first of their kind to be documented and systematically excavated, and they were associated with uncommon Atlantic coast Lucayan sites. We describe the first systematic archaeological prospection and investigation of coastal geomorphology in the region, applying grain‐size analysis to assess the dune's natural history; basic geochemical analysis to detect anthropogenic impacts and determine agricultural potential; radiocarbon dating as a chronological anchor for reconstructing dune development; drone mapping and georeferencing to document landscape trajectories; and the potential of clay‐like soils with respect to pottery production. Significantly, the dune was relatively stable during and after Lucayan occupation, before Hurricane Joaquin stripped about 10 m from the dune face. The results contribute to refined modeling of past and future impacts, especially those attributed to modern climate change, by linking changes in geomorphology to human activities that began over 1000 years ago. The study contributes to a growing body of Caribbean research into the deep‐time impacts of sea‐level change, coastal geomorphology, erosion, climate change, and hurricane activity.
Spatio‐temporal graph convolutional network for diagnosis and treatment response prediction of major depressive disorder from functional connectivity
Authors: Kong Youyong , Gao Shuwen , Yue Yingying , Hou Zhenhua , Shu Huazhong , Xie Chunming , Zhang Zhijun , Yuan Yonggui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been explored to be highly associated with the dysfunctional integration of brain networks. It is therefore imperative to explore neuroimaging biomarkers to aid diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we developed a spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (STGCN) framework to learn discriminative features from functional connectivity for automatic diagnosis and treatment response prediction of MDD. Briefly, dynamic functional networks were first obtained from the resting‐state fMRI with the sliding temporal window method. Secondly, a novel STGCN approach was proposed by introducing the modules of spatial graph attention convolution (SGAC) and temporal fusion. A novel SGAC was proposed to improve the feature learning ability and special anatomy prior guided pooling was developed to enable the feature dimension reduction. A temporal fusion module was proposed to capture the dynamic features of functional connectivity between adjacent sliding windows. Finally, the STGCN proposed approach was utilized to the tasks of diagnosis and antidepressant treatment response prediction for MDD. Performances of the framework were comprehensively examined with large cohorts of clinical data, which demonstrated its effectiveness in classifying MDD patients and predicting the treatment response. The sound performance suggests the potential of the STGCN for the clinical use in diagnosis and treatment prediction.
Prediction of successful vaginal birth after cesarean in women with diabetic disorders and no prior vaginal delivery
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Tsur Abraham , Tenenbaum Lee , Mor Nizan , Zamir Michal , Meyer Raanan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the factors associated with successful trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) among women with diabetes and no prior vaginal delivery and compare with TOLAC in nondiabetic women.MethodsA retrospective study including all women undergoing TOLAC who had no prior vaginal delivery between March 2011 and June 2020 at Sheba Medical Center. Women with diabetic disorders were compared with those without. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with TOLAC success.ResultsOf 2144 deliveries with TOLAC, 163 (7.6%) were to women with a diabetic disorder. TOLAC success rate was comparable between diabetic and nondiabetic women (124 [76.1%] vs 1513 [76.4%], respectively; P = 0.931). Uterine rupture rate was 1.1% (23 out of 2144). Among women with diabetes the uterine rupture rate was 0.6% (1 out of 163) and did not differ between the success or fail TOLAC groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that epidural anesthesia and cervical effacement were the only independent factors associated with TOLAC success in women with diabetes (adjusted OR 3.32; 95% CI, 1.31–8.69, P = 0.011 and aOR 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07, P = 0.007, respectively).ConclusionTOLAC in women with diabetes with no prior vaginal delivery has a high success rate. Epidural analgesia is the only modifiable independent predictor of TOLAC success.