bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melittin Inhibits the Expression of Key Genes Involved in Tumor Microenvironment Formation by Suppressing HIF-1α Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hassani Zabih Mir , Nabiuni Mohammad , Parivar Kazem , Abdirad Somayeh , Karimzadeh Latifeh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: HIF-1α has critical roles in formation of Tumor microenvironment by regulating genes involved in angiogenesis and anaerobic respiration. TME fuels tumors growth and metastasis and presents therapy with several challenges. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if Melittin disrupts HIF-1α signaling pathway in breast adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231.Methods: breast adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 was cultured in presence of different doses of Melittin and MTT assay was carried out to measure Melittin’s cytotoxic. Cells were exposed to 5% C2 to mimic hypoxic conditions and Melittin. Western blot was used to measure HIF-1α protein levels. Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR to measure relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in tumor microenvironment formation.Findings: Our results revealed that Melittin effectively inhibits HIF-1α at transcriptional and translation/post-translational level. HIF-1α protein and mRNA level was significantly decreased in Melittin-treated groups. It is found that inhibition of HIF-1α by Melittin is through downregulation of NFκB gene expression. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed a downregulation in VEGFA and LDHA expression due to inhibition of HIF-1α protein by Melittin. In addition, cell toxicity assay showed that Melittin inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 cell line through activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways by upregulating TNF and BAX expression. Conclusions: Melittin suppresses the expression of genes responsible for formation of TME physiological hallmarks by suppressing HIF-1α signaling pathway. Our results suggest that Melittin can modulate tumor microenvironment by inhibition of VEGFA and LDHA.
Usefulness of Pre-Thyroidectomy Neutrophil-Lymphocyte, Platelet-Lymphocyte, and Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratios in Discriminating Lymph Node and Distant Metastases in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Riguetto Cinthia Minatel , Barreto Icléia Siqueira , Maia Frederico Fernandes Ribeiro , Assumpção Ligia Vera Montali da , Zantut-Wittmann Denise Engelbrecht 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

This study aims to show the relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), with clinicopathological characteristics in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
Methods

This is a retrospective study involving 390 DTC patients who had complete blood cell count available at the time of the surgery. NLR, PLR, and MLR were calculated, risk of cancer-related death, structural recurrence, and response to therapy were assessed by the 8th edition of the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM), American Thyroid Association (ATA) Risk Stratification System, and ATA Response to Therapy Reclassification, respectively.
Results

PLR was higher in distant metastasis (133.15±43.95 vs 119.24±45.69, p = 0.0345), lower in disease-free versus persistent disease or death (117.72±44.70 vs 131.07±47.85, p = 0.0089). In MLR, patients ≥55 had a higher score than < 55 years old (0.26±0.10 vs 0.24±0.12, p = 0.0379). Higher MLR (OR 8.775; 95% CI = 1.532–50.273; p = 0.0147), intermediate (OR 4.892; 95% CI = 2.492–9.605; p ≤ 0.0001) and high ATA risks (OR 5.998; 95% CI = 3.126–11.505; p ≤ 0.0001) were risk factors associated with active disease. NLR was not significant. ROC curve cut-off values for NLR, PLR, and MLR were able to discriminate distant from lymph node metastasis (NLR > 1.93 sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 58.7%; PLR > 124.34 sensitivity 86.7%, specificity 69.2%; MLR > 0.21 sensitivity 80%, specificity 45.2%).
Conclusion

Cut-off values of NLR, PLR, and MLR discriminated the presence of distant metastasis from lymph node metastasis with good sensitivity and accuracy. PLR was an associated factor with disease-free status and higher in DTC patients with distant metastasis, persistency, and disease-related death. MLR was a risk factor of active disease.
The First Report of Erythroderma as the First Manifestation of Myelodysplastic Syndromes that responded to 5-azacytidine
Authors: Wu Danyang , Zhang Rui , Yan Xiaojing , Gao Ran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Erythroderma is an uncommon and severe dermatological manifestation of a variety of diseases, and identifying its potential cause is challenging. Additionally, erythroderma is exceedingly rare as the first manifestation of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Case presentation:We report the case of a 67-year-old male patient with MDS that initially presented with erythroderma. The patient was dependent upon steroid treatment to control the erythroderma when he was treated with decitabine. When we converted decitabine to 5-azacytidine, the patient achieved complete remission of both erythroderma and MDS and was relieved of his dependency on the steroid treatment. The patient continued to be steroid-independent 13 months after treatment with 5-azacytidine. Conclusions:This is the first report of erythroderma as the first manifestation of MDS. When screening the potential causes of erythroderma, MDS should be considered in addition to common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Based on our case report and a review of the published literature, 5-azacytidine appears to be a more effective treatment option for MDS-related autoimmune and inflammatory dermatoses. On the other hand, various cutaneous adverse events can be induced by 5-azacytidine. Since MDS-related autoimmune and inflammatory dermatoses may occur prior to the diagnosis of MDS, concomitantly with it or even during the illness, it is important to distinguish whether the dermatoses is MDS-related or 5-azacitidine-induced.
SARS-CoV-2 viral load predicts the severity and mortality in patients with cancer
Authors: Al-Mozaini Maha , Noman Abu Shadat M , Alotaibi Jawaher , Karim Mohammed Rezaul , Zahed ASM , Karim ATM Rezaul , Alromiah Khaldoun , Islam Syed S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that patients with cancer are at increased risk of detrimental Covid-19 outcome. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and risk factors and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 positive cancer patients remains largely unexplored. We assessed the outcomes of Covid-19 infection in 64 cancer patients and 120 non-cancer and measured SARS-CoV-2 viral load from nasopharyngeal swab samples using cycle threshold (Ct) values who were admitted to two geographically distinct hospitals. We also assessed the incubation period and serial interval time differences between the non-cancer and cancer groups. Our results indicated that the overall mortality rate was higher among cancer patients with a high SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Covid-19 positive cancer patients with higher viral load are more prone to severe outcomes compared to non-cancer and low viral load patients. In addition, patients with lung and hematologic cancer have higher tendencies of severe events in proportion to high viral load. Higher attributable mortality and severity were directly proportional to high viral load particularly patients who are receiving anticancer treatment. Importantly, we found that the incubation period and serial interval time is fairly shorter in cancer patients compared with non-cancer cases. Our report suggests that high SARS-CoV-2 viral loads may play significant role in the overall mortality and severity of Covid-19 positive cancer patients and warranted further study to explore the disease pathogenesis and their use as prognostic tools.
On the parameters of the assessment of substances to reduce the flammability of wood boards
Authors: Леонович А.А. , Глазунова М.Г. 
Published: April 2021

Решается методическая задача быстрого и малозатратного выбора антипренов для огнезащиты древесных плит. Лущеный шпон пропитывали фосфорсодержащими соединениями на основе ОЭДФК (двухосновная кислота) и амидофосфата КМ (трехосновная кислота) с расходом менее необходимого для огнезащиты. Образцы 800×56 мм испытывали на приборе «полукруг» в условиях угнетаемого горения в силу возрастающего теплоотвода по мере прохождения кромки горения по полукругу радиусом 254 мм. Анализируются параметры результатов испытания для оценки эффективности антипиренов. Сделан вывод о пригодности метода для первоначальной оценки антипиренов и выбора для окончательного и сертифицированного испытания на пожароопасность.
The methodological problem of fast and low-cost selection of antiprenes for fire protection of wood-based panels is being solved. Peeled veneer was impregnated with phosphorus-containing compounds based on HEDPA (diacid) and amidophosphate KM (tribasic acid) at a rate less than required for fire protection. Specimens 800 × 56 mm were tested on a semicircle device under conditions of suppressed combustion due to the increasing heat removal as the combustion edge passed along a semicircle with a radius of 254 mm. The parameters of the test results are analyzed to assess the effectiveness of fire retardants. It is concluded that the method is suitable for the initial assessment of fire retardants and selection for the final and certified fire hazard test.
Comprehensive treatment of tuberculous spondylitis with short course pre-operative anti-tuberculosis therapy
Authors: Golkа G. G. , Vesnin V. V. , Burlаkа V. V. , Fаdeev O. G. , Oleynik A. A. 
Published: April 2021

The objective: to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with tuberculous spondylitis by using short course pre-operative anti-tuberculosis therapy.Subjects and methods. Experimental and clinical studies have been performed. The experiment was carried out on 40 guinea pigs by making a model of tuberculous spondylitis in 30 of them. In the clinic, the effectiveness of short course pre-operative anti-tuberculosis therapy with second line drugs, radical decompression plastic interventions using a sliding titanium cage was studied in 30 patients with tuberculous spondylitis versus 30 patients in whom classical methods of preparation and surgical intervention were used.Results. The created model of experimental tuberculous spondylitis made it possible to study parameters of the clinical and morphological course of the disease. The results obtained substantiated the effectiveness of short course pre-operative anti-tuberculosis therapy without the risk of generalization of the disease after radical surgery.The method of surgical treatment of tuberculous spondylitis used in patients and utilizing telescopic titanium cages against the background of short course pre-operative anti-tuberculosis therapy, taking into account the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and therapy continuation after surgery, significantly improved the frequency of excellent treatment results (up to 54.0% versus 32%). At the same time, the period of preparation for radical surgery was significantly reduced, the frequency of complications went down to 13.3% versus 33.3%, the period of in-patient treatment decreased to 96 ± 12 bed-days versus 190 ± 21 (p < 0.01), and the chances of social rehabilitation of operated patients improved.
Valve closure based on pump runaway characteristics in long distance pressurized systems
Authors: Wang Xingtao , Zhang Jian , Chen Sheng , Shi Lin , Zhao Wenlong , Wang Shan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to guarantee the safety of pumps, valves are installed at the outlet of each pump in long-distance pressurized water supply systems. However, water hammer pressure caused by improper valve closure can tremendously exceed the standard of the pipeline. In this paper, the effects of valve closure on speed of pump and pressure along the pipeline were investigated. Valve closure formula based on pump runaway characteristics were proposed and verified using numerical simulation. In addition, when valves were closed under the formula proposed in this paper and other closure laws, the minimum speed, minimum and maximum pressure along the pipeline were compared. The results showed that formulas agree well with the numerical results. In the high lift supply systems, compared with the other closure laws, the minimum speed and minimum pressure along the pipeline under valve closure formula were the largest, and the maximum pressure along the pipeline was the smallest. Moreover, in the low lift supply systems, the minimum speed under valve closure formula did not exceed the rated speed. Compared with the other closure laws, the minimum pressure along the pipeline was the largest and the maximum pressure along the pipeline was the smallest.
Virulence associated factors in bacteria from water bodies in Belém, Pará, Brazil: bacteriological composition and threat to public health
Authors: da Trindade Lucas Monteiro , Correa Filho Luiz Claudio Gomes , de Sousa Santos Denise Suellen Amorim , Sousa Nayara Rufino , Vale Elivam Rodrigues , da Cruz Rocha Daniela Cristiane , de Sá Morais Lena Líllian Canto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A lack of sewage treatment contaminates water bodies threatening human health by spreading waterborne gastroenteritis. This is a particular problem for developing countries, where the risks associated with surface water contamination remain largely unknown. To understand the risk associated with sewage contamination of water bodies, we evaluated the microbiological indicators of water quality and isolated bacterial strains from water bodies from the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. The strains were identified by biochemical and serological tests and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). The thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli presented values above 1,000 (NMP/100 mL) biweekly from August 2012 to November 2015, without a significant statistical difference between sampling periods (Kruskal–Wallis p &gt; 0.05). The water of the Tucunduba river presented contamination levels similar to those in a sewage pumping station (Dunn test p &gt; 0.05). From 240 bacterial isolates, we identified 163 Vibrio cholerae, 8 Vibrio mimicus, 24 E. coli, and 5 Salmonella spp. The isolates of V. cholerae demonstrated N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) profile (Non-O1 and Non-O139) and 18 expressed the stn/sto gene. No E. coli was shown to be potentially pathogenic. The results revealed that water bodies in Belém were constantly contaminated by sewage and fecal microorganisms, including the potential circulation of pathogens in viable and cultivable form.
Synchronous multiple primary tumors (neuroblastoma and parathyroid adenoma) in a child: case report and literature review
Authors: Ivanova S. V. , Kuleva S. A. , Mikhailova E. A. , Senchurov E. M. , Khabarova R. I. , Borokshinova K. M. , Tyatkov S. A. , Gridasov V. V. 
Published: April 2021

The article presents a clinical case of simultaneous multiple primary tumors (the left adrenal neuroblastoma and the right lower parathyroid adenoma) in the child 11 years old.The literature describes several cases of primarily multiple tumors, one of which was neurogenic, requiring an individual approach to treatment. The relationship between the occurrence of polyneoplasia and genetic mutations is discussed.
Liposomes: An Emerging Approach for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Mishra Keerti , Jain Akhlesh K. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Conventional drug delivery agents for a life-threatening disease, i.e., cancer, lack specificity
towards cancer cells, producing a greater degree of side effects in the normal cells with a poor therapeutic
index. These toxic side effects often limit dose escalation of anti-cancer drugs, leading to incomplete tumor suppression/
cancer eradication, early disease relapse, and ultimately, the development of drug resistance. Accordingly,
targeting the tumor vasculatures is essential for the treatment of cancer.

Objective:
To search and describe a safer drug delivery carrier for the treatment of cancer with reduced systemic
toxicities.

Methods:
Data were collected from Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct using the following keywords:
‘liposomes’, ‘nanocarriers’, ‘targeted drug delivery’, ‘ligands’, ‘liposome for anti-cancerous drugs’,
‘treatment for cancer’ and ‘receptor targeting.’

Results:
Liposomes have provided a safe platform for the targeted delivery of encapsulated anti-cancer drugs
for the treatment of cancer, which results in the reduction of the cytotoxic side effects of anti-cancer drugs on
normal cells.

Conclusion:
Liposomal targeting is a better emerging approach as an advanced drug delivery carrier with targeting
ligands for anti-cancer agents.
CD31+ Circulating Angiogenic Cell Number and Subtypes are Reduced in Individuals with Chronic Stroke
Authors: Landers-Ramos Rian Q. , Kim Katherine I. , Hickey Brent , Ivey Frederick M. , Hafer-Macko Charlene E. , Macko Richard F. , Ryan Alice S. , Prior Steven J. 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:
Reduced number and function of CD31+ circulating angiogenic
cells (CACs) may explain vascular complications associated with the chronic phase stroke.
The purpose of this study was to quantify CD31+ CAC paracrine function, total number and number
of various subtypes of CD31+ CACs in individuals with chronic stroke compared with controls.

Methods:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from chronic stroke participants and
controls. CD31+ cells were quantified by flow cytometry, as was co-expression of CD31 in combination
with CD14, CD3, CD11b, or CD34. Immunomagnetically selected CD31+ cells were cultured,
and conditioned medium was used in a capillary-like network assay.

Results:
Significantly lower levels of CD31+ CACs were found in stroke participants compared
with controls (-24%; P=0.04). Additionally, CD31+/CD14+, CD31+/CD11b+ and CD31+/CD3+
cells were significantly lower in the chronic stroke group compared with controls (-45%, P=0.02;
-47%, P=0.02 and -32%, P=0.03, respectively). There was no group effect on CD31+ CAC conditioned
media-mediated capillary-like network formation.

Conclusion:
CD31+ CACs and subtypes may serve as potential therapeutic targets in chronic
stroke recovery.
Atypical Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Benou Sofia , Ladhani Shamez , Dimitriou Gabriel , Gkentzi Despoina 
Published: April 2021

Background:
In December 2019, a local outbreak of pneumonia was presented in
Wuhan (China) and quickly identified to be caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named
COVID-19 and was soon declared a pandemic because of the millions of infections and thousands
of deaths worldwide. Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 usually develop the asymptomatic or
mild type of disease compared to adults. They are also more likely to have atypical and non-specific
clinical manifestations than adults.

Methods:
A literature search was performed through PubMed and Scopus to summarize the extrapulmonary
manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children since the beginning of the pandemic.
Peer-reviewed papers in English were retrieved using the following keywords and combinations:
‘pediatric,’ ‘child,’ ‘infant,’ ‘neonate,’ ‘novel coronavirus,’ ‘SARS-CoV-2,’ ‘COVID 19’
and ‘gastrointestinal,’ ‘renal,’ ‘cardiac,’ ‘dermatologic’ or ‘ophthalmologic’. We included published
case series and case reports providing clinical symptoms and signs in SARS-CoV2 pediatric
patients.

Results:
Although fever and symptoms of upper respiratory infection are the most frequently presented,
a variety of other atypical presentations has also been reported. The clinical spectrum includes
dermatological, ophthalmological, neurological, cardiovascular, renal, reproductive, and gastrointestinal
presentations. In addition, a rare multi-inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS--
CoV-2 infection has been reported in children, often leading to shock and requiring inotropic support
and mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions:
Clinicians need to be aware of the wider range of extrapulmonary atypical manifestations
of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, so that appropriate testing, treatment, and public health
measures can be implemented rapidly.
THE INNOVATIVE METHODS OF TEACHING THE PHARMACEUTICAL COURSES BY TEACHERS OF IFNMU IN CONDITIONS OF ON-LINE LEARNING
Authors: Hrytsyk L. М. , Solohub V. А. , Sas І. А. , Mandzii Т. P. , Maderuk О. P. 
Published: April 2021

Резюме. У статті розглянуто досвід підготовки студентів і провізорів-інтернів у викладанні фармацевтичних дисциплін викладачами Івано-Франківського національного медичного університету в умовах дистанційного навчання.
Узагальнено досвід щодо впровадження форм організації методичної роботи. Це дає можливість застосовувати інноваційні методи з використанням інтегрованого підходу до організації навчального процесу, що відкриває можливості для різнобічного практичного засвоєння набутих знань студентом і провізором-інтерном навчального матеріалу в час, вільний від обов’язкових навчальних занять.
Інноваційний підхід викладання фармацевтичних дисциплін викладачами ІФНМУ в умовах дистанційного навчання включає різноманітні форми методичних робіт, серед яких написання і підготовка до видання конспектів лекцій, розробка практичних завдань і ситуаційних задач з навчальних дисциплін, виконання самостійної практичної роботи студентів і провізорів-інтернів з використання сучасних інформаційних потужностей.
При правильній організації з боку професорсько-викладацького складу кафедри, самостійна робота студентів і провізорів-інтернів в умовах карантину, ставши основною формою навчання, забезпечує повноцінне засвоєння дисциплін, сприяє розвитку мислення і має виховне значення. Педагогічні працівники стають основною рушійною силою створення якісно нової національної системи освіти.
У статті обгрунтована необхідність застосування різних організаційних навчальних форм і методів з використанням технологій активного навчання відповідно до потреб кожної цільової групи суб’єктів навчання.