bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal dynamics of single cell stiffness in the early developing ascidian chordate embryo
Authors: Fujii Yuki , Koizumi Wataru C. , Imai Taichi , Yokobori Megumi , Matsuo Tomohiro , Oka Kotaro , Hotta Kohji , Okajima Takaharu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring the developmental processes of embryos, cells undergo massive deformation and division that are regulated by mechanical cues. However, little is known about how embryonic cells change their mechanical properties during different cleavage stages. Here, using atomic force microscopy, we investigated the stiffness of cells in ascidian embryos from the fertilised egg to the stage before gastrulation. In both animal and vegetal hemispheres, we observed a Rho kinase (ROCK)-independent cell stiffening that the cell stiffness exhibited a remarkable increase at the timing of cell division where cortical actin filaments were organized. Furthermore, in the vegetal hemisphere, we observed another mechanical behaviour, i.e., a ROCK-associated cell stiffening, which was retained even after cell division or occurred without division and propagated sequentially toward adjacent cells, displaying a characteristic cell-to-cell mechanical variation. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of embryonic cells are regulated at the single cell level in different germ layers.
Cell wall N-glycan of Candida albicans ameliorates early hyper- and late hypo-immunoreactivity in sepsis
Authors: Kawakita Masataka , Oyama Taiki , Shirai Ikuma , Tanaka Shuto , Akaki Kotaro , Abe Shinya , Asahi Takuma , Cui Guangwei , Itoh Fumie , Sasaki Masato , Shibata Nobuyuki , Ikuta Koichi , Hatakeyama Tomomitsu , Takahara Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSevere infection often causes a septic cytokine storm followed by immune exhaustion/paralysis. Not surprisingly, many pathogens are equipped with various anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Such mechanisms might be leveraged clinically to control septic cytokine storms. Here we show that N-glycan from pathogenicC. albicansameliorates mouse sepsis through immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. In a sepsis model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), injection of the N-glycan upregulated serum IL-10, and suppressed pro-inflammatory IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ. The N-glycan also improved the survival of mice challenged by LPS. Analyses of structurally defined N-glycans from several yeast strains revealed that the mannose core is key to the upregulation of IL-10. Knocking out the C-type lectin Dectin-2 abrogated the N-glycan-mediated IL-10 augmentation. Furthermore,C. albicansN-glycan ameliorated immune exhaustion/immune paralysis after acute inflammation. Our results suggest a strategy where the immunosuppressive mechanism of one pathogen can be applied to attenuate a severe inflammation/cytokine storm caused by another pathogen.
Mutations in hik26 and slr1916 lead to high-light stress tolerance in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803
Authors: Yoshikawa Katsunori , Ogawa Kenichi , Toya Yoshihiro , Akimoto Seiji , Matsuda Fumio , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreased tolerance to light stress in cyanobacteria is a desirable feature for their applications. Here, we obtained a high light tolerant (Tol) strain of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 through an adaptive laboratory evolution, in which the cells were repeatedly sub-cultured for 52 days under high light stress conditions (7000 to 9000 μmol m−2 s−1). Although the growth of the parental strain almost stopped when exposed to 9000 μmol m−2 s−1, no growth inhibition was observed in the Tol strain. Excitation-energy flow was affected because of photosystem II damage in the parental strain under high light conditions, whereas the damage was alleviated and normal energy flow was maintained in the Tol strain. The transcriptome data indicated an increase in isiA expression in the Tol strain under high light conditions. Whole genome sequence analysis and reverse engineering revealed two mutations in hik26 and slr1916 involved in high light stress tolerance in the Tol strain.
Adiponectin-expressing Treg facilitate T lymphocyte development in thymic nurse cell complexes
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Cao Handi , Chen Jie , Li Yuanxin , Xu Aimin , Wang Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdiponectin is a well-known insulin sensitizer and anti-inflammatory molecule, possessing therapeutic potentials in cardiovascular, metabolic and cancer diseases. Results of the present study demonstrate that adiponectin is expressed in a population of regulatory T-cells (Treg) resided within the thymic nurse cell (TNC) complexes. Adoptive transfer of adiponectin-expressing Treg precursors effectively attenuated obesity, improved glucose and insulin tolerance, prevented fatty liver injuries in wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet, and significantly inhibited breast cancer development in MMTV-PyVT transgenic mice. Within the TNC complexes, locally produced adiponectin bound to and regulated the expression as well as the distribution of CD100, a transmembrane lymphocyte semaphorin, in turn modulating the lymphoepithelial interactions to facilitate T-cell development and maturation. In summary, adiponectin plays an important role in the selection and development of T lymphocytes within the TNC complexes. Adiponectin-expressing Treg represent a promising candidate for adoptive cell immunotherapy against obesity-related metabolic and cancer diseases.
Präoperative Risikoevaluation und Optimierung des Patientenzustandes
Authors: Ellinger Elisabeth , Meybohm Patrick , Röder Daniel 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie präoperative Risikoevaluation spielt eine wichtige Rolle für die Sicherheit von Anästhesien. Ziel dieses Artikels ist eine Anleitung zur fokussierten Risikoevaluation und Anordnung weiterer diagnostischer und therapeutischer Maßnahmen bei erwachsenen Patienten vor elektiven, nicht herz-thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen.
Kann das Gender-Spektrum falsch sein?
Authors: Nieder Timo O. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAus einer teils persönlich argumentierten, teils zeitgeschichtlichen Perspektive von mehreren Jahrzehnten setzt sich Düring in ihrem Beitrag (2021, in diesem Heft) mit der zunehmenden Prävalenz von trans* Personen vor allem im Jugendalter und mit den sich für diese Lebensphase verändernden Geschlechterverhältnissen auseinander. Der vorliegende Kommentar erkennt die wissenschaftlich wie klinisch fraglos relevante Fragestellung an und kritisiert die tendenziöse Ausrichtung des Textes. Im Mittelpunkt der Kritik stehen die fehlende Abgrenzung unterschiedlicher Konzepte und der Umgang mit der vorhandenen Empirie. So argumentiert der Kommentar sowohl für eine empirisch informierte und damit ausgewogenere Diskussion zu diesen komplexen Fragestellungen als auch für ein dialektisches Vorgehen in Forschung und Therapie, das weder das Gender-Spektrum idealisiert noch die zunehmenden Prävalenzen im Kontext von Trans* dämonisiert.
Arzneimittelversorgung für Menschen in prekären Lebenssituationen – Schriftliche Befragung von medizinischen Hilfen
Authors: Fey Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Obwohl der weit überwiegende Teil der in Deutschland lebenden Bevölkerung Zugang zur gesundheitlichen Regelversorgung hat, trifft dies für einen Teil nicht zu. Um die Not zu lindern, haben sich auf Ehrenamt fußende medizinische Hilfen gebildet, die für eine rudimentäre medizinische Versorgung sorgen. Während darüber bereits vereinzelt berichtet wurde, gibt es bislang zur Arzneimittelversorgung von nicht abgesicherten Menschen so gut wie keine Kenntnisse. Hier will der vorliegende Bericht Anstoß geben, genauer hinzuschauen und Lösungen zum Abbau der Not zu entwickeln.
Methodik Mithilfe eines Fragebogens wurden mittels Internetrecherche auffindbare medizinische Hilfen gefragt, wie die Arzneimittelversorgung organisiert ist, ob der Bedarf gedeckt werden kann und welche Arzneimittel hauptsächlich zum Einsatz kommen.
Ergebnisse In erster Linie werden Arzneimittel auf Privatrezept verordnet und über Spenden finanziert. Zum Teil werden auch nicht regelkonforme Lösungen gefunden. Arzneimittel zur Behandlung von Infektionskrankheiten, psychischen und Hauterkrankungen sowie Schmerzmittel und – im Rahmen der Selbstmedikation – Erkältungsmittel werden am häufigsten angewendet. Chronische Erkrankungen können in der Regel dauerhaft nicht behandelt werden.
Diskussion Die Akutversorgung mit Arzneimitteln über medizinische Hilfen scheint weitgehend gewährleistet zu sein, die Behandlung chronischer Erkrankungen jedoch meist nicht. Da nur über das Internet verfügbare Informationen genutzt wurden, um deutschlandweit bestehende Einrichtungen zu finden, kann diese Untersuchung nur einen ersten Einblick zur Arzneimittelversorgung der betroffenen Personengruppen liefern. Zudem waren oftmals nur Abschätzungen möglich, da in den Einrichtungen die behandelten Fälle nicht ausreichend dokumentiert wurden.
Schlussfolgerungen Die im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung aufgefundene Arzneimittelversorgung ist defizitär. Es fehlt an (Spenden-)Geldern, um den Bedarf an Akut-, insbesondere aber Dauermedikation zu decken und die Versorgung auf dem üblichen hohen Niveau zu gewährleisten. Weitere Untersuchungen sind notwendig, um die Defizite genauer quanti- und qualifizieren zu können. Zudem müssen Wege gefunden werden, wie eine Regelversorgung für diese Menschen realisiert werden kann.
MSProDiscuss – Entwicklung eines digitalen Tools zur
standardisierten Patientenanamnese, um Progredienz bei Multipler Sklerose zu
identifizieren
Authors: Inojosa Hernan , Akgün Katja , Haacke Katrin , Ziemssen Tjalf 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Mehrheit der Patienten mit schubförmiger remittierender Multipler
Sklerose (RRMS) konvertiert im langfristigen Verlauf ihrer Erkrankung zu einer
sekundär-progredienten Verlaufsform (SPMS), die durch eine
schubunabhängige Behinderungszunahme charakterisiert und mit einer
deutlich schlechteren Prognose assoziiert ist. Aufgrund der
Heterogenität der SPMS-Transition ist dieser Übergang nur schwer
feststellbar, daher wird in der Regel eine SPMS-Diagnose nur retrospektiv und
oft mit mehrjähriger Verzögerung gestellt. In dieser
Übersichtsarbeit stellen wir Ansätze für eine
frühere SPMS-Diagnose wie das SPMS-Nomogramm, den MS Prediction Score
oder den Best Definition Ansatz vor, die beitragen könnten, die Phase
der diagnostischen Unsicherheit zu verkürzen. Im Fokus dieser
Übersichtsarbeit steht die Entwicklung von MSProDiscuss, einem neuen
webbasierten Tool, durch das der Arzt systematisch und während der
Routineanamnese alle progressionsrelevanten Parameter der
Krankheitsaktivität, Symptomatik und täglichen
Beeinträchtigungen aus Patientenperspektive erheben kann. In einer
aktuellen Validierungsstudie zeigte MSProDiscuss eine hohe Sensitivität,
Spezifität und Interrater-Reliabilität bei der Identifizierung
von SPMS-Patienten und Patienten im SPMS-Übergang. Da MSProDiscuss
aufgrund des geringen Zeitbedarfs zu keiner Mehrbelastung des behandelnden
Neurologen führt und sein Ergebnis mittels eines einfachen Ampelsystems
leicht interpretiert werden kann, wurde es in ersten Usability-Tests als
äußerst hilfreiches diagnostisches Werkzeug für die
neurologische Praxis bewertet. Die frühzeitige Identifizierung von
signifikanter klinischer Progression durch diagnostische Tools wie MSProDiscuss
könnte beitragen, ein Zeitfenster für mögliche
therapeutische Interventionen zu öffnen.
Aufbau und Entwicklung eines interdisziplinären Zentrums für hereditäre hämorrhagische Teleangiektasie
Authors: Droege Freya , Dingemann Julia , Thangavelu Kruthika , Kuerten Cornelius H. L. , Dahlfrancis Philipp Marius , Kaiser Christina , Kaster Friederike , Zioga Eleni , Meyer Corinna , Lueb Carolin , Sure Ulrich , Lang Stephan , Geisthoff Urban 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die hereditäre hämorrhagische Teleangiektasie (HHT) ist eine seltene, systemische Erbkrankheit, die durch mukokutane und viszerale Gefäßmalformationen gekennzeichnet ist. Ein interdisziplinäres Behandlungskonzept in HHT-Zentren wird empfohlen.
Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden Strukturen, Prozesse und die Daten aller Patienten analysiert, die von April 2014 bis August 2019 in unserem neu gegründeten HHT-Zentrum behandelt wurden.
Ergebnisse Innerhalb des Universitätsklinikums Essen wurde zunächst ein Netzwerk von über 20 verschiedenen Fachabteilungen zur Behandlung von Patienten mit HHT aufgebaut. Von den 282 Patienten, die sich seit der Zentrumsgründung mit möglicher HHT im Westdeutschen Morbus-Osler-Zentrum vorstellten, wurde bei 261 Patienten (93 %) die Diagnose als möglich angesehen. Die meisten Patienten wiesen multiple Symptome auf (Epistaxis und/oder Teleangiektasien: je > 80 %, viszerale Beteiligung: 65 %), welche häufiger eine Behandlung im interdisziplinären Rahmen erforderten. Über 900 E-Mails fielen jährlich für die direkte Behandlung der Patienten mit HHT, deren Koordination, Kooperationen und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit an. Durch den internationalen Austausch innerhalb des Europäischen Referenznetzwerks für multisystemische vaskuläre Erkrankungen (VASCERN) ist eine Behandlung auf aktuellem Stand auch bei komplexen Fragestellungen gewährleistet.
Schlussfolgerungen Ein HHT-Zentrum beinhaltet ein interdisziplinäres Netzwerk von medizinischen Fachrichtungen, bei denen die Abläufe durch Prozesse definiert und durch eine wirksame Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Schulungs- und Veröffentlichungstätigkeit gekennzeichnet sind.
Endovascular Treatment of a Ruptured Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Using Coils and N-Butyl-Cyanoacrylate in a 5-Month-Old Baby
Authors: Saal-Zapata Giancarlo , Flores Jesús , Vallejos Ricardo , Valer Dante , Durand Walter , Rodriguez Rodolfo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntracranial aneurysms in pediatric population are rare and differ in several features with their adult counterpart. Clipping and endovascular therapy have both demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes with reconstructive and deconstructive techniques. We present the case of a 5-month-old infant who was admitted to the emergency with interhemispheric and sylvian subarachnoid hemorrhage. CT angiography and three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography revealed a ruptured left pericallosal aneurysm with morphological features of a dissecting aneurysm. Coiling and N-butyl-cyanoacrylate administration were employed to occlude the aneurysm without complications. Endovascular therapy is an effective and safe option in cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in pediatric patients with favorable clinical and radiological outcomes.
A Hybrid Approach for Treating Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) in a Single Kidney with a Tethered Ureter
Authors: Carter Nicole , Al-Shawi Modher , Royce Peter , O’Brien Andrew , Clements Warren 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis case highlights a hybrid treatment model used successfully in a patient with complicated recurrent renal cell carcinoma (RCC), following partial nephrectomy, in the context of a single kidney. Scar tissue from previous surgery tethered the ureter to the margin of the lesion and combined with obesity, rendered simple percutaneous intervention challenging. The patient was ultimately successfully treated using a hybrid approach of open surgical access, ureterolysis, and intraoperative ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation. This approach optimized the volume of conserved normal renal parenchyma and eliminated the need for postoperative dialysis treatment, with no recurrence at 13 months follow-up.
Alternative Combined Retrograde–Antegrade Use of a Re-entry Device in the Revascularization of a Surgically Ligated Superficial Femoral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Gandini Roberto , Raso Armando , Di Martino Arezia , Salimei Fabio , Morosetti Daniele 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report a case of a diabetic patient with critical limb ischemia, who previously underwent thromboendarterectomy at the right lower extremity, resulting in surgical ligation at the proximal third of the right superficial femoral artery (SFA). Twenty months later, the patient developed foot ulcers; endovascular treatment was therefore performed. After obtaining a retrograde right SFA subintimal access, directly puncturing the occluded segment of the artery, a re-entry intravascular ultrasound-guided catheter was used to gain proximal re-entry. Then, the same device was used again, in antegrade fashion, to obtain re-entry into the patent popliteal artery. A covered stent was deployed in the site of the surgical closure. In the following 3 months, foot ulcers healed.
Effectiveness of Nurse-Driven Discharge Teaching Using Mobile Application for Home-Based Health Care Practices among Postoperative Neurosurgical Patients or Caregivers in a Tertiary Care Hospital, New Delhi: A Randomized Control Study
Authors: Metilda C.J. , Sharma Kamlesh K. , Sinha Aditi P. , Agrawal Deepak 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Considering the increased access to mobile use even in the remote areas, it may be feasible to utilize mobile application (App)-based education among neurosurgical patients and caregivers for home-based care.
Objective This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of nurse-driven discharge teaching using mobile App for home-based health care practices in terms of discharge advice compliances, revisits, and satisfaction among postoperative neurosurgical patients.
Materials and Methods This randomized control trial was conducted among 100 (50 in each arm) postoperative neurosurgical patients admitted to Neurosurgery department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. The experimental group received mobile App–based discharge teaching additional to the routine paper-based discharge teaching received by the control group. Data were collected at baseline, during first (within 30th day) and second (within 60th day) routine follow-up visits using adherence to refills and medications scale (ARMS) questionnaire (medication compliance), self-developed structured questionnaires (lifestyle practices like tracheostomy tube (TT) catheter care, exercises and diet changes, revisits, and satisfaction) and computerized log record from App. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results The demographic and clinical profiles of both groups were comparable. There was no statistically significant difference in medication compliance between the experimental group and control group (p = 0.35 and 0.53) in first and second posttests, respectively. The level of confidence to perform lifestyle practices was high among experimental group. The subgroup analysis showed that patients in experimental arm were more compliant to medications as compared with control group (p = 0.001). Both the groups were comparable in terms of revisits (p = 0.26). However, the overall satisfaction of experimental group was reported to be highly using mobile App based teaching than control group with routine paper-based discharge teaching (p = 0.001).
Conclusion Nurse-driven discharge teaching using mobile App is an effective method for neurosurgical patients to adhere to home-based discharge teachings. Use of technology like mobile Apps in vernacular language can bridge the gap for improving home-based care and follow-up among patients in resource constrained settings.
Gastric Outlet Obstruction in the Current Era–A Pictorial Review on Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Rastogi Ashita , Singh Somesh , Yadav Rajanikant 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGastric outlet obstruction is a pathophysiological entity characterized by mechanical impediment of gastric emptying, which may occur due to a variety of intrinsic or extrinsic causes affecting the antrum or pylorus or duodenum. The obstruction may be benign or malignant or secondary to a motility disorder. Imaging in gastric outlet obstruction identifies majority of these causes and may indirectly even point toward motility disorders. The advent of computed tomography imaging and its subsequent advances have allowed it to become the mainstay of evaluation of stomach, particularly in gastric outlet obstruction. In this pictorial review, a few causes of gastric outlet obstruction are exhibited.
Towards an intelligent blended system of learning activities model for New Zealand institutions: an investigative approach
Authors: Adel Amr , Dayan Joshua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has accelerated the uptake of blended learning approaches all over the world. The need to restrict human interaction to reduce the possibility of infection has led to a full lockdown of all educational institutions. Blended learning is a new teaching style combining traditional and modern learning models, where the digital methods of teaching students do not completely replace the ways in which the traditional teachers used to interact with and teach the students. However, there are several challenges associated with the understanding of blended learning models and their implementation in an educational institution. With the development of these blended learning models, there have also been several challenges associated with the different ways of accepting the learning models and using them in combination. This is why this paper proposes a design for a system of blended learning activities that would provide students with a total learning model, which has not replaced the traditional learning models but has successfully utilized digital technologies and blended them with traditional learning. Therefore, they can be used along with the old way of teaching a student, evaluating how the student is performing and also how the staff are performing as teachers. This paper focuses on the development of this model for students in New Zealand.
“These are the realities”: insights from facilitating researcher-policymaker engagement in Nigeria’s household energy sector
Authors: Sesan Temilade , Siyanbola Willie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnergy has been a key focus of government policy in Nigeria for decades, yet little improvement has been seen in rates of access among the population. Our paper assesses the inputs to policymaking in this context and interrogates the role of scientific evidence and knowledge co-production in the process. Through key informant interviews and participatory workshops with stakeholders, we addressed the practical question of how to strengthen the contribution of evidence to national energy policymaking processes. Two windows of opportunity were identified for this: the critical stage of problem definition; and the time lag between policy adoption and implementation. By engaging proactively with policymakers on these fronts, academic researchers working in knowledge co-production arrangements can make quick inroads into a policy space that has largely excluded them to date. This case is instructive for academics and knowledge brokers in similar contexts where a diminished status for scientific evidence might make more ambitious exchanges with policy difficult, to begin with.
Mechanism for truncating power-frequency continuation and reburning by means of a super-strong arc-extinguishing gas
Authors: Wang Yanlei , Huang Ping , Luo Yaojing , Chen Yuning , Wang Jufeng 
Published: March 2021

The process of arc suppression with a super-strong arc-extinguishing gas (AEG) includes arc truncation and reburning suppression. In this paper, the plasma mechanics, the mechanics of the super-strong AEG, and the arc-reburning suppression by the AEG are all modeled. Combined with test data, the characteristics of arc truncation, pressure characteristics, and time characteristics of the AEG are analyzed, and the law of medium recovery and reignition suppression of arc fracture under the action of the super-strong AEG are discussed. The test results show that with a super-strong AEG, the arc-extinguishing threshold and time are 40 kA and less than 0.5 ms, respectively.