bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archaeoastronomy in the Big Data Age: Origin and Peculiarities of Obtaining Data on Objects and Artifacts
Authors: Spasova Mina , Stoeva P. , Stoev A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impressive transition from an era of scientific data scarcity to an era of overproduction has become particularly noticeable in archaeoastronomy. The collection of astronomical information about prehistoric societies allows the accumulation of global data on: – the oldest traces of astronomical activity on Earth, emotional and rational display of celestial phenomena in astronomical folklore, “folk astronomy” and timekeeping, in fine arts and architecture, in everyday life; – the most ancient applied “astronomy” – counting the time by lunar phases, accumulation and storage of ancient databases in drawings and pictographic compositions in caves and artificially constructed objects; – “horizon” astronomy as an initial form of observational cult astronomy, preserved only in characteristic material monuments (the oldest cult observatories) with indisputable astronomical orientations. The report shows the importance of collecting the maximum number of artifacts and monuments from prehistory associated with the early emergence of interest in celestial phenomena. Spiritual, emotional and rational (including practical) needs that have aroused interest in Heaven are discussed. The huge variety of activities in realizing the regularity (cyclicity) of celestial phenomena as a stimulus for their use for orientation in space and time is shown.
Written on stone: Engraved European medieval solar eclipses
Authors: Martínez María J. , Marco Francisco J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the context of the European Middle Ages as the period roughly covering from the 5th to the 15th centuries, the astronomical records are rarery found in scientific treatises. At least, not until the 15th century. A few surprinsing examples in which the observations were recorded in a particularly original way on stone are found. In this poster we will shortly review the only four cases in which this occurred in Europe.
The first scientific role-playing game
Authors: Maffione Nicolás P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present here an edutainment strategy to communicate science and technology which is strongly based on personal motivation of the learner candidate: participants/players learn because they find it useful/interesting in order to achieve their own goals in some unique game. Our own goal is to capture young people’s attention in an immersive and collective storytelling experience within the framework of a role-playing game specifically designed for scientific literacy. The first experiences in public high schools of Argentina are reported here.
Construction of correspondences between the sky we see and the heliocentric model: problem-based learning in 7th grade of elementary school
Authors: Karaseur Fernando Ariel , Gangui Alejandro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present the results of the implementation of a didactic sequence based on the formulation and resolution of astronomical problems by seventh grade elementary school students from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its objective is to generate a meaningful understanding of the heliocentric model of the Solar System from the systematization of topocentric observations of the sky, either direct or mediated by resources such as diagrams, Stellarium software and tables, which we correlate with the parallel globe, other models with specific material and the Solar System Scope software. Throughout the sequence we address topics such as the diurnal and annual movement of the Sun, the night sky, astronomical ephemeris, Moon phases and eclipses. These are developed in parallel to the sphericity of the Earth and the concept of motion in science. For each of these topics we start from its recognition. We then implement strategies to guide students towards a possible description from the local point of view, and then extend it to other locations on the surface of the Earth. We encourage them to explain their ideas about the possible links between these topocentric observations and the corresponding relative positions of the celestial objects as seen from an external point of view to the Earth. These ideas are then contrasted with geocentric and heliocentric models. Here we highlight the integrative instances in which the students formulated problems in small groups and shared them for their resolution. Thus, motivated and challenged by the collaboration between peers, they became the protagonists of their learning.
Using Hadoop Distributed and Deduplicated File System (HD2FS) in Astronomy
Authors: Bartus Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the last years, the amount of data has skyrocketed. As a consequence, the data has become more expensive to store than to generate. The storage needs for astronomical data are also following this trend. Storage systems in Astronomy contain redundant copies of data such as identical files or within sub-file regions. We propose the use of the Hadoop Distributed and Deduplicated File System (HD2FS) in Astronomy. HD2FS is a deduplication storage system that was created to improve data storage capacity and efficiency in distributed file systems without compromising Input/Output performance. HD2FS can be developed by modifying existing storage system environments such as the Hadoop Distributed File System. By taking advantage of deduplication technology, we can better manage the underlying redundancy of data in astronomy and reduce the space needed to store these files in the file systems, thus allowing for more capacity per volume.
Women in Astronomy and in Science: cracking the code with a third culture
Authors: Curir Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGirls’ under-representation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education is deep rooted and puts a detrimental brake on progress towards sustainable development. Both education and gender equality are an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015, as distinct Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The UNESCO Report: Cracking the code: Girls’ and women’s education in STEM provides a global snapshot of this underrepresentation and the factors behind it. The fight against stereotypes to ‘crack the code’, or to decipher the factors that hinder or facilitate girls’ and women’s participation in STEM (and particularly in Astronomy) education must take into account the persisting dichotomy between the so called two cultures.
Considerations on the importance of building a national astronomical glossary
Authors: Agata Hidehiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChildren in elementary and middle school learn fundamental concepts of science in their local language. There seems to be some discrepancies between what they learn in school and up-to-date terminologies because academic terminologies are usually updated and shared only in English by each specific academic society. We introduce the online dictionary called as “The Internet Encyclopedia of Astronomy” compiled and provided by the Astronomical Society of Japan as an efficient solution for such terminology problem.
Making sciences with smartphones: The universe in your pocket
Authors: Monteiro Martin , Marti Arturo C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe propose a set of modern and stimulating activities related to the teaching of Astronomy orientated to high school or university students using smartphones. The activities are: a) the experimental simulation of asteroid light curves including the determination of the period of rotation of asteroids, b) the experimental simulation of exoplanet detection by transit method, c) the experimental simulation of stellar distances using parallax and d) the use of virtual and augmented reality.
Women in science: the need for a global cultural change
Authors: Hallberg Karen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper summarizes the talk given at this conference in which the cultural aspect of the low participation of women in science, mainly in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) areas, is emphazised. A few personal recollections will be presented and some some striking numbers to illustrate the current situation will be given. In addition, some thought provoking ideas on what is known as “neurosexism” are explicited and a tribute is made to three women that overcame the challenges posed to them in different times in history (including current times) and helped paved the way to the new generation. However, there is still a long way to go. The inclusion of women and of other relegated sectors of society in scientific and technological activities is an important pending issue which will be achieved when our society as a whole reaches the necessary cultural maturity.
Development of astronomy research and education in Africa and Ethiopia
Authors: Pović Mirjana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAfrica has amazing potential due to natural (such as dark sky) and human resources for scientific research in astronomy and space science. At the same time, the continent is still facing many difficulties, and its countries are now recognising the importance of astronomy, space science and satellite technologies for improving some of their principal socio-economic challenges. The development of astronomy in Africa (including Ethiopia) has grown significantly over the past few years, and never before it was more possible to use astronomy for education, outreach, and development as it is now. However, much still remains to be done. This paper will summarise the recent developments in astronomy research and education in Africa and Ethiopia and will focus on how working together on the development of science and education can we fight poverty in the long term and increase our possibilities of attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in future for benefit of all.
Cultural Astronomy: A scientific frame to understand academic astronomy as part of the Social World
Authors: López Alejandro M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the past, Western academic astronomy has conceived in a very specific way its interests. However, in recent decades there has been a promising openness to the rest of the society, in the context of areas such as education, heritage and outreach. Despite this, there has not been an adequate scientific approach to do it, which would imply taking into account the social sciences and a truly interdisciplinary perspective. Here we want to develop the idea that this interdisciplinary approach already exists and it is called: Cultural Astronomy. Unfortunately, in the context of academic astronomy it has been only seen as a study of the “astronomies of others”, intended as previous stages or failed attempts of Western academic astronomy. We will seek to show that Cultural Astronomy, as a critical reflection on the social character of the astronomical knowledge, is key to the success of these opening efforts.
Engaging young people with STEAM: Destinazione Luna
Authors: Ricciardi Sara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOn the occasion of celebration of moon landing (2019) we designed a set of educational activities for the youngest, based on the moon. We wanted to talk, play and engage young people reflecting and enjoying different points of view and demystifying the idea of science and scientists in a personal and meaningful journey. After this year of experimentation we also engaged with public schools co-designing and tailoring those activities despite the current sanitarian crisis. We will describe a physical artifact called ‘Lunatario’ and its 3d printable version together with cross-disciplinary educational activities and our tentative documentation. We will also describe how, with the help of a very diverse team, we embedded other media in our moon exploration working in particular with picture books and animation. We believe this is a great way to deeply engage young people with STEAM in a democratic way.
IAU Strategic Plan 2020–2030 and Division C Education, Outreach and Heritage
Authors: Deustua Susana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe IAU Strategic Plan 2020–2030 identifies five goals to guide the Union’s activities through this decade: to lead the global coordination of professional astronomy, to promote inclusive advancement of astronomy, to promote astronomy as a tool for development, to promote public engagement in astronomy, and, to stimulate using astronomy for primary and secondary education. Education permeates through all these goals – professional development, informal education and formal education for the very young through to the PhD level. For the IAU’s Division C, Education, Outreach and Heritage, the plan provides the foundation for supporting teachers worldwide who use astronomy as a tool for teaching science, the humanities and the arts, to promote astronomy education research, to engage life-long learners, and to engage everyone with our collective history and heritage to understand the Universe. I describe Division C’s remit, where we are now in this 3rd decade of the 21st century.
Turn on the Night! Science and Education on Dark Skies Issues
Authors: Walker Constance E. , Green Richard , Sanhueza Pedro , Metaxa Margarita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe “Turn on the Night” associated event had presentations on the latest dark skies protection issues considered by the IAU’s Dark and Quiet Skies working groups. Presentations were also made on dark skies education programs and cultural/scientific heritage.
The Effect of Fault Architecture on Slip Behavior in Shale Revealed by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing
Authors: Hopp Chet , Guglielmi Yves , Rinaldi Antonio Pio , Soom Florian , Wenning Quinn , Cook Paul , Robertson Michelle , Kakurina Maria , Zappone Alba 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe use Distributed Strain Sensing (DSS) through Brillouin scattering measurements to characterize the reactivation of a fault zone in shale (Opalinus clay), caused by the excavation of a gallery at ∼400 m depth in the Mont Terri Underground Laboratory (Switzerland). DSS fibers are cemented behind casing in six boreholes cross‐cutting the fault zone. We compare the DSS data with co‐located measurements of displacement from a chain potentiometer and a three‐dimensional displacement sensor (SIMFIP). DSS proves to be able to detect in‐ and off‐fault strain variations induced by the gallery excavated 30–50 m away. The total permanent displacement of the fault is ∼200 microns at rates up to 1.5 nm/s. DSS is sensitive to longitudinal and shear strain with measurements showing that fault shear is concentrated at the top and bottom interfaces of the fault zone with little deformation within the fault zone itself. Such a localized pattern of strain relates to the architecture of the fault that is characterized by a thick “layer” including an anastomosing network of polished surfaces where clay‐rich rock splits into progressively smaller flakes conferring the entire zone very little cohesion and friction (weak zone), and favoring slipping at the edges of the “layer”. Overall, DSS shows that slow slip may activate everywhere there is a weak fault within a shale series. Thus, our work demonstrates the importance of shear strain on faults caused by remote loading, highlighting the utility of DSS systems to detect and quantify these effects at large reservoir scales.
Go Extra Miles: An Additional Error Correction Procedure Aimed to Further Improve Phase Unwrapping Accuracy and Reduce Creep Model Uncertainty
Authors: Ma Zhangfeng , Liu Jihong , Liu Xiaojie , Zhou Cheng , Hu Jia , Cui Yan , Qin Shuhong , Huang Teng , Li Zhen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInterferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) phase unwrapping error is a major limiting factor on the InSAR‐derived tectonic deformation velocity. This is particularly the case when atmospheric turbulence, large deformation gradient and strong phase noise exist. To address limitations of existing phase unwrapping error correction methods, here we present a new algorithm that integrates decorrelation phase correction, triplet phase closure (TPC) test and integer linear programming (ILP) to overcome this limit. The rationale behind is that we mitigate the phase inconsistency using decorrelation correction and then detect the phase unwrapping error magnitude using TPC. Next we borrow the ILP from Compressed Sensing that converts the phase unwrapping error correction to a sparse signal recovery problem. We demonstrated the validity of our method by using synthetic data and 5‐year Sentinel‐1 real data covering the Central San Andreas Fault creeping section, where exists obvious tectonic deformation, strong atmospheric disturbance and decorrelated scatterers, and the inverted long‐term creep model constrained by InSAR velocity after correction shows a lower uncertainty than that constrained by the uncorrected one.
Evolution of Tropical Cyclone Properties Across the Development Cycle of the GISS‐E3 Global Climate Model
Authors: Russotto Rick D. , Strong Jeffrey D. O. , Camargo Suzana J. , Sobel Adam , Elsaesser Gregory S. , Kelley Maxwell , Del Genio Anthony , Moon Yumin , Kim Daehyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe next‐generation global climate model from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, GISS‐E3, contains many improvements to resolution and physics that allow for improved representation of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the model. This study examines the properties of TCs in two different versions of E3 at different points in its development cycle, run for 20 years at 0.5° resolution, and compares these TCs with observations, the previous generation GISS model, E2, and other climate models. E3 shares many TC biases common to global climate models, such as having too few tropical cyclones, but is much improved from E2. E3 produces strong enough TCs that observation‐based wind speed thresholds can now be used to detect and track them, and some storms now reach hurricane intensity; neither of these was true of E2. Model development between the first and second versions of E3 further increased the number and intensity of TCs and reduced TC count biases globally and in most regions. One‐year sensitivity tests to changes in various microphysical and dynamical tuning parameters are also examined. Increasing the entrainment rate for the more strongly entraining plume in the convection scheme increases the number of TCs (though also affecting other climate variables, and in some cases increasing biases). Variations in divergence damping did not have a strong effect on simulated TC properties, contrary to expectations based on previous studies. Overall, the improvements in E3 make it more credible for studies of TC activity and its relationship to climate.
Novel open reading frames in human accelerated regions and transposable elements reveal new leads to understand schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Erady Chaitanya , Amin Krishna , Onilogbo Temiloluwa O. A. E. , Tomasik Jakub , Jukes-Jones Rebekah , Umrania Yagnesh , Bahn Sabine , Prabakaran Sudhakaran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder are debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders arising from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Novel open reading frames (nORFs) are genomic loci that give rise to previously uncharacterized transcripts and protein products. In our previous work, we have shown that nORFs can be biologically regulated and that they may play a role in cancer and rare diseases. More importantly, we have shown that nORFs may emerge in accelerated regions of the genome giving rise to species-specific functions. We hypothesize that nORFs represent a potentially important group of biological factors that may contribute to SCZ and bipolar disorder pathophysiology. Human accelerated regions (HARs) are genomic features showing human-lineage-specific rapid evolution that may be involved in biological regulation and have additionally been found to associate with SCZ genes. Transposable elements (TEs) are another set of genomic features that have been shown to regulate gene expression. As with HARs, their relevance to SCZ has also been suggested. Here, nORFs are investigated in the context of HARs and TEs. This work shows that nORFs whose expression is disrupted in SCZ and bipolar disorder are in close proximity to HARs and TEs and that some of them are significantly associated with SCZ and bipolar disorder genomic hotspots. We also show that nORF encoded proteins can form structures and potentially constitute novel drug targets.
Spatial patterns of tumour growth impact clonal diversification in a computational model and the TRACERx Renal study
Authors: Fu Xiao , Zhao Yue , Lopez Jose I. , Rowan Andrew , Au Lewis , Fendler Annika , Hazell Steve , Xu Hang , Horswell Stuart , Shepherd Scott T. C. , Spencer Charlotte E. , Spain Lavinia , Byrne Fiona , Stamp Gordon , O’Brien Tim , Nicol David , Augustine Marcellus , Chandra Ashish , Rudman Sarah , Toncheva Antonia , Furness Andrew J. S. , Pickering Lisa , Kumar Santosh , Koh Dow-Mu , Messiou Christina , Dafydd Derfel ap , Orton Matthew R. , Doran Simon J. , Larkin James , Swanton Charles , Sahai Erik , Litchfield Kevin , Turajlic Samra ,   on behalf of the TRACERx Renal Consortium, Ben Challacombe  , Chowdhury Simon , Drake William , Fernando Archana , Fotiadis Nicos , Hatipoglu Emine , Harrison-Phipps Karen , Hill Peter , Horsfield Catherine , Marafioti Teresa , Olsburgh Jonathon , Polson Alexander , Quezada Sergio , Varia Mary , Verma Hema , Bates Paul A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenetic intra-tumour heterogeneity fuels clonal evolution, but our understanding of clinically relevant clonal dynamics remain limited. We investigated spatial and temporal features of clonal diversification in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through a combination of modelling and real tumour analysis. We observe that the mode of tumour growth, surface or volume, impacts the extent of subclonal diversification, enabling interpretation of clonal diversity in patient tumours. Specific patterns of proliferation and necrosis explain clonal expansion and emergence of parallel evolution and microdiversity in tumours. In silico time-course studies reveal the appearance of budding structures before detectable subclonal diversification. Intriguingly, we observe radiological evidence of budding structures in early-stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma, indicating that future clonal evolution may be predictable from imaging. Our findings offer a window into the temporal and spatial features of clinically relevant clonal evolution.