bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of modern neoadjuvant radiotherapy in the combined treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Pan`shin Georgiy , Sidibe Nelly , Izmailov Timur 
Published: April 2021

Currently, rectal cancer is one of the leading pathologies in the structure of cancer morbidity and mortality, both in Russia and around the world. Thus, despite the improvement of existing and development of new methods for surgical treatment and anesthesia, as well as the introduction of the use of radio-and chemotherapy as an adjunct to surgical stage of the treatment, colorectal cancer still has a very high mortality rate among this cohort of cancer patients, and, primarily, due to the fact that approximately 30% of cases it is diagnosed at a very late stages of the disease. And, at the same time, combined and complex therapy to date does not contribute to improving the long-term results of special treatment, which, in the end, range from a complete response, in particular, during radiotherapy treatment, up to absolute resistance to its implementation. However, to date, there are already studies confirming the link between radioresistance and gene expression, which induce a response to the DNA damage checkpoint and increase the ability to repair DNA. At the same time, molecular biomarkers have a definite potential to predict the response to, in particular, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. This brief review examines the evolution and current state of neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer (MRPC). At the same time, it should be emphasized that randomized studies and meta-analyses of recent publications justify the expediency of its use in this category of cancer patients. Modern strategies for treating patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and radiotherapy regimens used in this clinical situation are also briefly considered, as well as the prospects for using molecular genetic markers of radiosensitivity and their possible impact on the prognosis of this cancer.
Cervical cancer in women of the Republic of Buryatia (morbidity and mortality compared in subjects of the Siberian Federal District and in Russia as a whole)
Authors: Chimitdorzhieva Tat`yana 
Published: April 2021

Analysis of the morbidity and mortality dynamics of the female population of cervical cancer (CC) of the Siberian Federal District (SFO) as a whole, as well as by its individual subjects for 18 years, from 2000 to 2017. It showed a steady increase in the incidence of this form of cancer (an increase of 37.3%) and a decrease in mortality (a decrease of 11.7%) in the region as a whole and in all its subjects in comparison with those in the Russian Federation (RF). The steadily high incidence rate of cervical cancer during the period analyzed was recorded in Buryatia - 23.1 ± 1.9, after the Trans-Baikal Territory - 29.6 ± 1.7; and the Republic of Tyva - 27.7 ± 2.3; in the neighboring Irkutsk region - 19.3 ± 0.7 cases per standardized 100 thousand population, the lowest - in Kemerovo - 12.8 ± 0.5 and Novosibirsk region - 12.2 ± 0.3 regions. The consistently high incidence rate of cervical cancer during the analyzed period was recorded in the Trans-Baikal Territory - 29.6 ± 1.7; in the Republics of Tyva - 27.7 ± 2.3 and Buryatia - 23.1 ± 1.9, in the Irkutsk region - 19.3 ± 0.7 cases per standardized 100 thousand people, the lowest - in Kemerovo - 12.8 ± 0.5 and Novosibirsk - 12.2 ± 0.3 regions.The Siberian Federal District leads among other regions of Russia in the incidence of cervical cancer in women (especially in Transbaikalia, Tuva, Buryatia and Irkutsk): from 2000 to 2017, theincidence in the region increased 1.4 times with a forecast of further growth, while mortality rates indicate a positive trend - stabilization of the process. In these territories, the carcinogenic situation is determined by the interaction of a complex of various subsystems comprising it: natural, industrial, and social.
Key words: cervical cancer; incidence rate; Siberian Federal District.
CULTURAL VALUES AND UNDERSTANDING OF POLITENESS IN BRITISH, RUSSIAN AND PERSIAN LINGUA-CULTURES
Authors: Ларина Т.В. , Камех-Хош Н. 
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена категории вежливости, выступающей регулятором коммуникативного поведения и определяющей выбор стратегий и средств коммуникации в конкретных ситуациях общения. На примере британской, русской и персидской лингвокультур показано, что, будучи универсальной, категория вежливости обладает этнокультурной спецификой, обусловленной различиями в концептуализации и понимании вежливости. Показана зависимость понимания вежливости от типа культуры и культурных ценностей и ее роль в формировании различных стилей коммуникации. Различия в понимании вежливости иллюстрируются дискурсивными практиками взаимодействия студентов и преподавателей. Подчеркивается, что знание того, как понимают вежливость представители различных культур и какого поведения они ожидают от преподавателя, является важной составляющей социокультурной и коммуникативной компетенции, необходимой для создания комфортной обстановки в мультикультурном классе.
The article examines the category of politeness, which regulates communicative behavior and determines the choice of strategies and means of communication in specific situations. Through examples from British, Russian and Persian lingua-cultures, the article attempts to show that, though universal, politeness has culture specific features due to differences in conceptualization and understanding of the notion of politeness. The article highlights that understanding of politeness is shaped by the type of culture and cultural values which play their role in the formation of various styles of communication. Differences in the understanding of politeness have been illustrated by the discursive practices of interaction between students and teachers. We emphasize that it is important to know how representatives of a particular culture understand politeness and what kind of behavior they expect from a teacher. This is an important component of socio-cultural and communicative competence, necessary to create a comfortable environment for communication in a multicultural classroom in particular, and in all situations of intercultural interaction in general.
THE SEMANTIC FIELD SEEMINGNESS IN THE RUSSIAN-BULGARIAN THEMATIC CLASSIFIER: PRINCIPLES OF DESCRIBING DIALOGICAL RESPONSES WITH A COMPONENT HOPE
Authors: Брагина Н.Г. , Войславова С.С. 
Published: April 2021

В статье обсуждаются принципы построения русско-болгарского тематического классификатора, двуязычного словаря близкородственных лингвокультур на примере диалогических ответных реплик с опорным компонентом надеяться/надявам се.
The article discusses the principles of constructing a Russian-Bulgarian thematic classifier, a bilingual dictionary of closely related linguocultures using the example of dialogical responses with a supporting component hope.
Managing digital transformation of language education: challenges, models, solutions
Authors: Маев И.А. , Рублева Е.В. , Хехтель А.С. 
Published: April 2021

Технологическое развитие, переход учебно-педагогической деятельности в онлайн-формат и интеграция цифровых решений в образовательную реальность привели к необходимости системного переосмысления и анализа модели языкового обучения. Наряду с открывшимися уникальными возможностями участники образовательного процесса столкнулись с трудностями, возникшими в силу специфики взаимодействия разных поколений в одном образовательном пространстве. Новая модальность социально-педагогических отношений коснулась и языкового образования: НБИКС-технологии, медиаконвергентность и цифровая реальность – явления, которые невозможно игнорировать при конструировании образовательного процесса.
The rapid development of technologies, the transition of educational and pedagogical activities to the online format and the integration of digital solutions into educational reality have led to the need for a systematic rethinking and analysis of the model of the language learning process. Along with the unique opportunities that opened up, participants of the educational process faced difficulties that arose, inter alia, due to the specificity of the interaction of different generations in one educational space. The new modality of socio-pedagogical relations also affected the language education: NBICS technologies, media convergence and digital reality are phenomena that cannot be ignored when designing the educational process.
THE FIRST ALL-INDIA ONLINE OLYMPIAD ON RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZING AND CONDUCTING THE OLYMPIAD
Authors: Кулибина Н.В. , Битехтина Н.Б. , Виноградова Н.В. , Климова В.Н. , Яскевич М.И. , Бхатнагар М. 
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматриваются итоги организации и проведения Первой всеиндийской онлайн-олимпиады по русскому языку: тематика и типы заданий отборочного этапа и финала для индийских студентов (А2), магистрантов (В2) и преподавателей вузов Индии (С1); анализируются типичные трудности и ошибки, допущенные участниками онлайн-олимпиады.
The article discusses how the First All-India Online Olympiad on Russian Language was organized and conducted. It discusses the types of questions and topics covered by these questions, which were included in the qualifying and final rounds for Indian students (A2), post graduates and research scholars (B2) and teachers of Indian universities (C1). The article also analyzes some of the mistakes made by the participants of the Online Olympiad.
FEATURES OF PREPARATION FOR THE WRITTEN PART OF THE A LEVEL RUSSIAN LANGUAGE EXAM
Authors: Завер Т.В. 
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена особенностям подготовки к экзамену A Level по русскому языку. Основываясь на опыте педагогической деятельности, автор выделяет типичные неречевые и речевые ошибки, встречающиеся при написании экзаменационного эссе, а также приводит пример сочинения, в котором допущены некоторые из указанных ошибок. В статье подчеркивается важность подготовительной работы по снятию лексико-грамматических трудностей, объяснению структуры сочинения, составлению словаря текстов и разъяснению исторических и культурных реалий произведения. Автор предлагает ряд упражнений, позволяющих ученикам избежать морфологических, лексических и синтаксических ошибок на экзамене по русскому языку.
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of preparing students for the Russian A Level language exam. Based on the experience of teaching, the author identifies typical non-speech and speech errors that occur when writing an exam essay and also gives an example of a composition in which some of these errors are made. The article emphasizes the importance of preparatory work to remove lexical and grammatical difficulties, explain the structure of the composition, compile a dictionary of texts, and explain the historical and cultural realities of the work. The author offers a number of exercises that allow students to avoid morphological, lexical, and syntactic errors in the Russian language exam.
Pelatihan Pengembangan Kurikulum Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPQ) pada Materi Baca Tulis Al-Qur’an dan Fikih Ibadah di Batam dan Tanjungpinang
Authors: Saepuddin Saepuddin , Zamhari M. 
Published: April 2021

Keberadaan TPQ sangat dibutuhkan oleh orang tua sebagai tempat anak-anaknya belajar baca tulis Al-Qur’an dan dasar-dasar ilmu agama sebagai pondasi utama dalam kehidupan seorang muslim. Dalam perjalanannya, proses pendidikan yang ada di TPQ saat ini belum memiliki kurikulum baik. Karena itu perlu diberikan pelatihan pengembangan kurikulum terutama pada materi baca tulis Al-Qur’an dan fikih ibadah agar mutu pendidikan TPQ semakin meningkat. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberi pemahaman dan pelatihan dalam pengembangan kurikulum baca tulis Al-Qur’an dan fikih ibadah di TPQ di kecamatan Bengkong Kota Batam dan kecamatan Tanjungpinang Timur Kota Tanjungpinang. Pelaksanaan pelatihan pengembangan kurikulum TPQ pada materi baca tulis al-Qur’an dan fikih ibadah telah berjalan dengan baik. Para peserta mengikutinya dengan antusias. Hasil pelatihan yang didapat antara lain, yakni (1) peserta menyadari pentingnya pembuatan dan pengembangan kurikulum TPQ; (2) peserta juga dapat membuat kurikulum TPQ dan mengembangkan komponen kurikulum TPQ sesuai kondisi dan karaktristik TPQ masing-masing; (3) peserta dapat menerapkan metode At-Tashil dalam pembelajaran baca Al-Qur’an dengan baik. Kekurangan dari kegiatan ini ialah waktu pelaksaan yang terbatas sehingga disarankan untuk dilakukan pelatihan kurikulum berkelanjutan agar TPQ mampu mendidik anak-anak lebih baik sesuai dengan target capaiannya
Pendampingan Pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa Maju Jaya di Desa Rasau Jaya Tiga Kecamatan Rasau Jaya Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Authors: Widyastuti Reni Dwi , Risal Risal , Sari Wilda 
Published: April 2021

Pembentukan BUMDes Maju Jaya Desa Rasau Jaya Tiga sebagai bentuk dari upaya pemerintah desa dalam meningkatkan pendapatan asli desa serta meningkatkan taraf hidup warga Desa Rasau Jaya Tiga. Namun demikian tanpa pengelolaan yang baik dan dukungan pemerintah serta masyarakat harapan untuk menjadikan BUMDes Maju Jaya sebagai lokomotif perekonomian desa dapat tidak terwujud. Pada sisi lain, keberlangsungan BUMDes Maju Jaya Desa Rasau Jaya Tiga sebagai infant organisasi akan sangat ditentukan bagaimana BUMDes Maju Jaya diharapkan dapat melewati tahun pertama berdirinya BUMDes Maju Jaya yang merupakan tahapan paling kritis dengan tingkat kegagalan tertinggi dalam siklus hidup organisasi. Fenomena ini disebut liability of newness, kegagalan yang tinggi bagi organisasi baru disebabkan belum ada struktur formal dalam proses menghasilkan nilai tambah serta adanya sistem prosedur kerja baku dan pasti. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan program pendampingan pengelolaan BUMDes Maju Jaya dengan menekankan pada profesionalisme dalam pengelolaan. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan metode pendampingan yaitu PAR. Melalui pendekatan ini seluruh elemen BUMDes Maju Jaya dapat dilibatkan secara aktif selama proses pendampingan. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam kegiatan ini adalah (1) Pengelolaan aset BUMDes Maju Jaya meliputi: pendataan dan pencatatan daftar aset yang dimiliki oleh BUMDes Maju Jaya, keterbatasan dalam penyediaan dan mendapatkan modal, komitmen dalam pembagian hasil tiap unit usaha, serta tanggungjawab pajak bagi BUMDes Maju Jaya. (2) Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia BUMDes Maju Jaya meliputi: jam operasional BUMDes dan penyusunan jobdesk dari masing-masing bagian.
Tumbling Dice: Radio Constraints on the Presence of Circumstellar Shells around Type Ia Supernovae with Impact Near Maximum Light
Authors: Harris Chelsea E. , Chomiuk Laura , Nugent Peter. E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are debated, particularly the evolutionary state of the binary companion that donates mass to the exploding carbon–oxygen white dwarf. In our previous work, we presented hydrodynamic models and optically thin radio synchrotron light curves of SNe Ia interacting with detached, confined shells of CSM, representing CSM shaped by novae. In this work, we extend these light curves to the optically thick regime, considering both synchrotron self-absorption and free–free absorption. We obtain simple formulae to describe the evolution of optical depth seen in the simulations, allowing optically thick light curves to be approximated for arbitrary shell properties. We then demonstrate the use of this tool by interpreting published radio data. First, we consider the nondetection of PTF11kx—an SN Ia known to have a detached, confined shell—and we find that the nondetection is consistent with current models for its CSM, and that observations at a later time would have been useful for this event. Second, we statistically analyze an ensemble of radio nondetections for SNe Ia with no signatures of interaction. We find that shells with masses (10−4–0.3) M
⊙ located (1015–1016) cm from the progenitor are currently not well constrained by radio datasets, due to their dim, rapidly evolving light curves.
On the Detectability of Ultracompact Binary Pulsar Systems
Authors: Pol Nihan , McLaughlin Maura , Lorimer Duncan R. , Garver-Daniels Nathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using neural networks, we integrate the ability to account for Doppler smearing due to a pulsar’s orbital motion with the pulsar population synthesis package psrpoppy to develop accurate modeling of the observed binary pulsar population. As a first application, we show that binary neutron star systems where the two components have highly unequal mass are, on average, easier to detect than systems that are symmetric in mass. We then investigate the population of ultracompact (1.5 minutes ≤ P
b ≤ 15 minutes) neutron star–white dwarf (NS–WD) and double neutron star (DNS) systems, which are promising sources for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna gravitational-wave detector. Given the nondetection of these systems in radio surveys thus far, we estimate a 95% confidence upper limit of ∼1450 and ∼1100 ultracompact NS–WD and DNS systems in the Milky Way that are beaming toward the Earth, respectively. We also show that using survey integration times in the range 20 s–200 s with time-domain resampling will maximize the signal-to-noise ratio as well as the probability of detection of these ultracompact binary systems. Among all the large-scale radio pulsar surveys, those that are currently being carried out using archival data collected with the Arecibo radio telescope have a ∼50%–80% chance of detecting at least one of these systems using current integration integration times and ∼80%–95% using optimal integration times in the next several years.
The Evaporating Primordial Black Hole Fraction in Cool-core Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Lee Chak Man , Chan Man Ho 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent studies of gamma-ray, cosmic-ray, and radio data put stringent constraints on the fraction of primordial black holes (PBHs) in our universe. In this article, we propose a new indirect method in using the X-ray luminosity data of cool-core clusters to constrain the evaporating PBH fraction for the monochromatic, log-normal and power-law mass distributions. The present results show that the amount of evaporating PBHs only constitutes a minor component of dark matter for a large parameter space. The constraints are consistent with and close to that obtained from other cosmic-ray and multiwavelength observations.
A Real-time View of Orbital Evolution in HM Cancri
Authors: Strohmayer Tod E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
HM Cancri is a double degenerate binary with the shortest orbital period presently known. The 5.36 minute period is seen as a large amplitude, soft X-ray modulation, likely resulting from a hot spot produced by direct impact accretion. With such a short orbital period it is expected to have a gravitational wave luminosity comparable to or larger than that in the X-ray, and its orbital frequency is known to be increasing at a rate consistent with the expected loss of angular momentum due to gravitational radiation. We use recent Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer observations to extend its long-term X-ray timing baseline to almost 20 yr. Phase coherent timing of these new data combined with existing Chandra data demonstrates conclusively that the rate of orbital frequency increase is slowing, and we measure a nonzero

Hz s−2, which is to our knowledge the first such measurement of its kind for any compact astrophysical binary. With the simultaneous high precision measurement of

Hz s−1, we estimate that the system will reach its maximum orbital frequency of

mHz in 1260 ± 200 yr, indicating that the system is close to its epoch of maximum orbital frequency. Assuming mass transfer is conservative, the measurement of

implies that the accretion rate from the donor is growing, with

M
⊙ yr−2. Further quantitative comparisons with theoretical models should enable more precise inferences regarding its current evolutionary state.
The α
ox–He ii EW Connection in Radio-loud Quasars
Authors: Timlin John , Zhu Shifu , Brandt W. N. , Laor Ari 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Radio-loud quasars (RLQs) are known to produce excess X-ray emission, compared to radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) of the same luminosity, commonly attributed to jet-related emission. Recently, we found that the  He ii EW and α
ox in RQQs are strongly correlated, which suggests that their extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray emission mechanisms are tightly related. Using 48 RLQs, we show that steep-spectrum radio quasars (SSRQs) and low radio-luminosity (

L

R

) flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) follow the

α

ox

– He ii EW relation of RQQs. This suggests that the X-ray and EUV emission mechanisms in these types of RLQs is the same as in RQQs, and is not jet related. High-

L

R

FSRQs show excess X-ray emission given their  He ii EW by a factor of ≈3.5, which suggests that only in this type of RLQ is the X-ray production likely jet related.
Human Blood Plasma Shapes Distinct Neonatal TLR-Mediated Dendritic Cell Activation via Expression of the MicroRNA Let-7g
Authors: England Ross , Pak Jensen , Liu Mark , Rao Shun , Ozonoff Al , Levy Ofer , van Haren Simon D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The newborn innate immune system is characterized as functionally distinct, resulting in impaired proinflammatory responses to many stimuli and a bias toward Th2 development. Although the magnitude of impairment can be partially overcome, for instance through activation of TLR7/8 in newborn dendritic cells, the newborn innate response remains distinct from that of adults. Using human in vitro modeling of newborn and adult dendritic cells, we investigated the role of extracellular and intracellular regulators in driving age-specific responses to TLR7/8 stimulation. MicroRNA expression profiling and plasma switch experiments identified Let-7g as a novel regulator of newborn innate immunity. Activation-induced expression of Let-7g in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) is driven by newborn plasma and reduces expression of costimulatory receptors CD86, MHC class I, and CCR7 and secretion of IFN-α and sCD40L. Conversely, an increase in secretion of the Th2-polarizing cytokine IL-12p40 is observed. Overexpression of Let-7g in adult MoDCs resulted in the same observations. Small interfering RNA–mediated ablation of Let-7g levels in newborn MoDCs resulted in an adult-like phenotype. In conclusion, this study reveals for the first time (to our knowledge) that age-specific differences in human plasma induce the microRNA Let-7g as a key mediator of the newborn innate immune phenotype. These observations shed new light on the mechanisms of immune ontogeny and may inform approaches to discover age-specific immunomodulators, such as adjuvants.