bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in gunshot wounds at a level 1 trauma center following the COVID19 pandemic
Authors: Padubidri Anokha A. , Rushing Amy , Ochenjele George , Sontich John , Napora Joshua , Osborne Ashli , Delozier Sarah , Wetzel Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
To compare the number of patients with gunshot wounds presenting to our level 1 trauma center before and during the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on volume trends after the lifting of stay-at-home directives through August 2020.

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Seven hundred six gunshot wound patients between 2016 and 2020 (months March to September only).

Intervention:
COVID-19 pandemic and resultant stay at home directives.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Number of patients presenting with gunshot wounds per time period.

Results:
The number of patients with gunshot wounds presenting to our institution increased by 11.7% in March–April 2020 and by 67% in May–August 2020 when compared to previous years. Length of stay significantly decreased in 2020 compared to 2018 and 2019. In 2020, significantly fewer patients had orthopaedic procedures than in 2018.

Conclusions:
Patients presenting with gunshot wounds increased during the initial “stay-at-home” portion of the pandemic in March to April and increased significantly more after the restrictions were relaxed during May to August.

Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III
Rigid DNA nanotube tethers suppress high frequency noise in dual-trap optical tweezers systems
Authors: Shaw Alan , Satija Rohit , de Mayolo De la Matta Eduardo Antunez , Marqusee Susan , Bustamante Carlos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDual trap optical tweezers are a powerful tool to trap and characterize the biophysical properties of single biomolecules such as the folding pathways of proteins and nucleic acids, and the chemomechanical activity of molecular motors. Despite its vastly successful application, noise from drift and fluctuation of the optics, and Brownian motion of the trapped beads still hinder the technique’s ability to directly visualize folding of small biomolecules or the single nucleotide stepping of polymerases, especially at low forces (<10 pN) and sub-millisecond timescales. Rigid DNA nanotubes have been used to replace the conventional dsDNA linker to reduce optical tweezers noise in the low force range. However, optical tweezers are used to study a wide range of biophysical events, with timescales ranging from microseconds to seconds, and length changes ranging from sub nanometers to tens of nanometers. In this study, we systematically evaluate how noise is distributed across different frequencies in dual trap optical tweezers systems–and show that rigid DNA nanotube tethers suppress only high frequency noise (kHz), while the low frequency noise remains the same when compared to that of dsDNA tethers.
Plasmodium-encoded murine IL-6 impairs liver stage infection and elicits long-lasting sterilizing immunity
Authors: Belhimeur Selma , Briquet Sylvie , Peronet Roger , Pham Jennifer , Commere Pierre-Henri , Formaglio Pauline , Amino Rogerio , Scherf Artur , Silvie Olivier , Mecheri Salaheddine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlasmodiumsporozoites inoculated byAnophelesmosquitoes into the skin of the mammalian host migrate to the liver before infecting hepatocytes. Previous work demonstrated that early production of IL-6 in the liver is detrimental for the parasite growth, contributing to the acquisition of a long-lasting immune protection after immunization with live attenuated parasites. Considering that IL-6 ais a critical pro-inflammatory signal, we explored a novel approach whereby the parasite itself encodes for the murine IL-6 gene. We generated transgenicP. bergheiparasites that express murine IL-6 during liver stage development. Though IL-6 transgenic sporozoites develop into exo-erythrocytic forms in cultured hepatocytesin vitroandin vivo, these parasites were not capable of inducing a blood stage infection in mice. Furthermore, immunization of mice with transgenic IL-6-expressingP. bergheisporozoites elicited a long-lasting CD8+T cell-mediated protective immunity against a subsequent infectious sporozoite challenge. Collectively, this study demonstrates that parasite-encoded IL-6 attenuates parasite virulence with abortive liver stage ofPlasmodiuminfection, forming the basis of a novel suicide vaccine strategy to elicit protective antimalarial immunity.SummaryIL-6 was shown to controlPlasmodiumparasite development in the liver. Here, Belhimeur et al. generated a murine IL-6 transgenicPlasmodium berghei. These parasites show an arrest in hepatocyte development and protect mice against homologous and heterologous parasite challenge in a CD8-dependent manner.
Full-state modeling and nonlinear control of balloon supported unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Mazhar Naveed , Malik Fahad Mumtaz , Azim Raja Amer , Raza Abid , Khan Rameez , Khan Qasim Umar 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide the full-state mathematical model and devise a nonlinear controller for a balloon-supported unmanned aerial vehicle (BUAV).

Design/methodology/approach
Newtonian mechanics is used to establish the nonlinear mathematical model of the proposed vehicle assembly which incorporates the dynamics of both balloon and quadrotor UAV. A controllable form of the nine degrees of freedom model is derived. Backstepping control is designed for the proposed model and simulations are performed to assess the tracking performance of the proposed control.

Findings
The results show that the proposed methodology works well for smooth trajectories in presence of wind gusts. Moreover, the final mathematical model is affine and various nonlinear control techniques can be used in the future for improved system performance.

Originality/value
Multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAVs) are equipped with controllers but are constrained by smaller flight endurance and payload carrying capability. On the contrary, lighter than air (LTA) aerial vehicles have longer flight times but have poor control performance for outdoor operations. One of the solutions to achieve better flight endurance and payload carrying capability is to augment the LTA balloon to MUAV. The novelty of this research lies in full-order mathematical modeling along with transformation to controllable form for the BUAV assembly.
Going virtual with practical chemistry amidst the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: significance, constraints and implications for future
Authors: Wijenayaka Lahiru A. , Iqbal Sithy S. 
Published: November 2021

PurposeAlthough technology is a defining characteristic of distance education, assessment of the applicability of such resources in knowledge dissemination is greatly warranted to ensure effectivity. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the viability of a novel tool in teaching practical chemistry online.Design/methodology/approachHere, a resource named “virtual chemistry lab space” (VCLS), which allowed the learners to virtually engage in practical activities, was administered among learners enrolled in a practical chemistry course at the Open University of Sri Lanka and feedback was collected to ascertain the learner perception on the resource.FindingsIn total, 76% of respondents indicated familiarity with the VCLS, while 59% indicated that they were interested in engaging in activities provided through this resource during the pandemic lockdown. Also, 70% indicated that the VCLS was helpful to understand the course content during the pandemic period, while 82% indicated that they are likely to use it in the future.Research limitations/implicationsThe prevalent problems related to using the VCLS were lack of Internet access, physical interactions and time. However, the overall opinion on the VCLS was notably positive, while a majority indicated that flexibility to the learners, access to learning resources and use of technology in education will improve due to the use of this novel tool.Originality/valueOnline course delivery has been greatly restricted to areas of education where distant delivery could be easily adopted while it is seldom found in areas such as practical chemistry. Hence, the study indicates novelty and notable originality within the ODL system.
Educational use of free and open source software (FOSS): international development and its implications for higher education
Authors: Duan Chenggui , Lee Tracy K. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
Free and open-source software (FOSS) has been used worldwide because of the advantages of user control, cost-saving, flexibility, openness, freedom, more security and better stability. The purpose of this study is to explore the status quo of educational application of FOSS and the trends from international perspectives and its implications for higher education in Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach
The method of cluster analysis was used in this study. The Web of Science database was used as the data source and all relevant literature for the year 2010–2020 on the theme of “FOSS” was collected for analysis. The information visualization software CiteSpace was used for citation visualization analysis, revealing the research results of FOSS worldwide, including hot spots and development trends.

Findings
This paper found that FOSS has become an important research area and is playing an important role in the reform and development of education. Meanwhile, the development and application of FOSS have regional imbalances and strong differentiation, including the educational sector. The paper also found that although FOSS has entered the stage of interdisciplinary development, the research and development of FOSS in the field of education is insufficient, which poses a huge challenge to decision-makers, teachers and students.

Originality/value
Implications for higher education in Hong Kong including: attach importance to and vigorously promote FOSS research and practice to benefit more teachers and students; teachers and students need to be trained for acquiring the awareness and skills of FOSS applications and formulate different strategies; the government should provide greater support to formulate and implement a short and middle-term development plan to facilitate the application of FOSS; and Hong Kong higher education institutions may strengthen exchanges and cooperation with counterparts around the world to jointly promote the development of FOSS. It is hoped that the findings will provide a reference for the study and application of FOSS in higher education in Hong Kong.
Slicing strategy and process of laser direct metal deposition (DMD) of the inclined thin-walled part under open-loop control
Authors: Chen Liaoyuan , Yu Tianbiao , Chen Ying , Wang Wanshan 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the dimensional accuracy of inclined thin-walled parts fabricated by laser direct metal deposition (DMD) under an open-loop control system.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a novel method of the adaptive slicing method and DMD process with feedback adjustment of deposition height has been developed to successively fabricate complex inclined thin-walled square tube elbow parts. The defocus amount was used as a variable to the matching between the deposition thickness and the adaptive slicing height.

Findings
The low relative error of dimensional accuracy between experimental and designed parts shows that the matching of the single-layer deposition thickness and the adaptive slicing height can be realized by optimizing the defocusing amount. The negative feedback of the thin-wall part height can be achieved when the defocus amount and the z-axis increment are less than deposition thickness. The improvement of dimensional accuracy of inclined thin-walled parts is also attributed to the optimized scanning strategy.

Practical implications
The slicing method and deposition process can provide technical guidance for other additive manufacturing (AM) systems to fabricate metal thin-walled parts with high dimensional accuracy because the feedback control of deposition height can be realized only by the optimized process.

Originality/value
This study provides a novel adaptive slice method and corresponding the deposition process, and expands the slicing method of AM metal parts.
Comparing two seized drug workflows for the analysis of synthetic cannabinoids, cathinones, and opioids
Authors: Sisco Edward , Burns Amber , Schneider Elizabeth , Miller Charles R. , Bobka Laurel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs the challenges faced by drug chemists persist, due to the presence of emerging drugs, laboratories continue to look for new solutions, ranging from existing methods to implementation of entirely new technology. A common barrier for making workflow changes is a lack of pre‐existing data demonstrating the potential impact of these changes. In this study, we compare, qualitatively and quantitatively, an existing workflow for seized drug analysis to an experimental workflow. Four chemists were asked to analyze a total of 50 mock case samples across the two workflows. The existing workflow employed color tests for screening alongside general purpose GC‐FID and GC‐MS analyses for confirmation. The experimental workflow combined DART‐MS screening with class‐specific (targeted) GC‐MS analysis for confirmation. Comparison of the workflows showed that screening by DART‐MS required the same amount of time as color tests but yielded more accurate and specific information. Confirmation using the existing workflow required more than twice the amount of instrument time and data interpretation time while also presenting other analytical challenges that prevented compound confirmation in select samples. Targeted GC‐MS methods simplified data interpretation, reduced consumption of reference materials, and addressed almost all limitations of general‐purpose methods. While the experimental workflow requires modifications and answering of additional research questions, this study shows how rethinking analytical workflows for seized drug analysis could reduce turnaround times, backlogs, and standards consumption. It also demonstrates the potential impact of being able to investigate workflow changes prior to implementation.
Serratia marcescens‐S3 inhibits Potato virus Y by activating ubiquitination of molecular chaperone proteins NbHsc70‐2 in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Ge Ming , Gong Mingyue , Jiao Yubing , Li Ying , Shen Lili , Li Bin , Wang Yujie , Wang Fenglong , Zhang Songbai , Yang Jinguang 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant virus that causes massive crop losses globally, especially in Solanaceae crops. A strain of the plant growth‐promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), Serratia marcescens‐S3 was found to inhibit PVY replication in Nicotiana benthamiana. However, there have been no in‐depth studies demonstrating the underlying mechanism. In the current study, we found that ubiquitination of NbHsc70‐2 is an important way for Serratia marcescens‐S3 to trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR). After the treatment with S. marcescens‐S3, the protein level of NbHsc70‐2 reduced significantly. Inhibiting of ubiquitination increased the accumulation of NbHsc70‐2 in plants and reduced S. marcescens‐S3‐mediated resistance to PVY. Furthermore, transgenic engineered Nicotiana benthamiana NbHsc70‐2KO and NbHsc70‐2USM were constructed using CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated NbHsc70‐2 knock‐out and ubiquitination respectively. S. marcescens‐S3 significantly reduced the inhibition of NbHsc70‐2 protein accumulation in NbHsc70‐2KO and NbHsc70‐2USM. The virulence of PVY was stronger in NbHsc70‐2USM than the wild‐type plants. These results showed that S. marcescens‐S3 increases the ubiquitination of NbHsc70‐2 to inhibit the recruitment of molecular chaperone NbHsc70‐2 to reduce its replication and infection of PVY.
Indosinian Supergene Karsts in the Qaidam Basin, NW China: Evidence from Paleo‐tectonics, Paleoclimates and Paleo‐fluids
Authors: LI Zongxing , PENG Bo , QI Kening , LIU Dapeng , MA Yinsheng , ZHANG Wang , HU Junjie , WANG Jiaqi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the Qaidam basin, Northwest China, karstic fissures and caves are developed in many places of the Lower Carboniferous Chengqianggou Fm. and Huaitoutala Fm. and the Upper Carboniferous Keluke Fm., in which are found typical karstic marks. Several suites of transgressive carbonate rocks formed during the Late Paleozoic epoch are preserved as reservoir properties in the Qaidam basin, with paleokarst‐related cave‐fractured diagenetic structures, which provided the basis for cave‐fractured development. Carbonate and clastic samples covering or infilling caves and fractures in Carboniferous strata were collected in the eastern Qaidam basin to focus on petrological and geochemical analyses of karst and infilling materials. Based on this study of the Caledonian diagenetic sequence, and bitumen‐infilled inclusion temperature and burial history, there existed a continuous atmospheric freshwater leaching process, which played a critical role in the construction of the Carboniferous supergene paleokarsts. Investigation and survey of the tectonic setting, plate paleolatitude and river development intensity also proves that there was abundant rainfall during the Indosinian period, after which the strata undergo a shallow burial process. Because Indosinian period is earlier than the key timing of hydrocarbon‐generation of the Carboniferous source rocks, this kind of karst reservoir has potential significance for oil‐gas resources in this area.
Knowledge of end‐of‐life law: A cross‐sectional survey of general practitioners working in aged care
Authors: Sellars Marcus , White Ben , Yates Patsy , Willmott Lindy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the knowledge of end‐of‐life law and experiences in practice at the end of life amongst Australian general practitioners (GPs).MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey of GPs practising in aged care settings in Queensland (QLD), New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria (VIC).ResultsFrom 521 potential GPs, 160 (response rate 30.7%) were included in the final sample. Most participants (62%) reported experience with six key end‐of‐life areas at least ‘a few times’, including 74% administering medication for pain and symptom relief, and 67% facilitating advance care planning ‘several’ or ‘many times’ and perceiving they had ‘some’ knowledge of end‐of‐life law (53%, n = 84). However, low‐to‐moderate actual levels of end‐of‐life legal knowledge were identified (mean correct response of 5.24 out of 9).ConclusionsAustralian GPs working in aged care may have low‐to‐moderate knowledge about end‐of‐life law despite frequently making end‐of‐life decisions in clinical practice.
A randomised controlled provider‐blinded trial of community health workers in sickle cell anaemia: effects on haematologic variables and hydroxyurea adherence
Authors: Smith Wally R. , McClish Donna K. , Lottenberg Richard , Sisler India Y. , Sop Daniel , Johnson Shirley , Villella Anthony , Liles Darla , Yang Elizabeth , Chen Ian 
Published: November 2021

SummaryHydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) (HU) for sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is underutilised. Case management is an evidence‐based health management strategy and in this regard patient navigators (PNs) may provide case management for SCA. We hypothesised that HU‐eligible patients exposed to PNs would have improved indicators of starting HU and HU adherence. We randomised 224 HU‐eligible SCA adults into the Start Healing in Patients with Hydroxyurea (SHIP‐HU) Trial. All patients received care from trained physicians using standardised HU prescribing protocols. Patients in the Experimental arm received case management and education from PNs through multiple contacts. All other patients were regarded as the Control arm and received specialty care alone. Study physicians were blinded to the study arms and did not interact with PNs. At baseline, 6 and 12 months we assessed and compared laboratory parameters and HU adherence indicators. Experimental patients had higher 6‐month mean fetal haemoglobin (HbF) levels than controls. But at 12 months, mean HbF was similar, as were white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, total haemoglobin, platelet count and mean corpuscular volume. At 12 months there were fewer experimental patients missing HU doses than controls (mean 1·8 vs. 4·5, P = 0·0098), and more recent HU prescriptions filled than for controls (mean 53·8 vs. 92 days, median 27·5 vs. 62 days, P = 0·0082). Mean HU doses were largely similar. We detected behavioural improvements in HU adherence but no haematological improvements by adding PNs to specialty care.
1H‐1,2,3‐triazole embedded Isatin‐Benzaldehyde‐bis(heteronuclearhydrazones): design, synthesis, antimycobacterial, and cytotoxic evaluation
Authors: Sharma Bharvi , Kumar Sumit , Preeti  , Johansen Matt D. , Kremer Laurent , Kumar Vipan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRapid growth of global drug‐resistant tuberculosis and urgent requirement for short treatment regimens is stimulating the need for discovery of new TB drugs. In this work, we report the design, synthesis and in vitro antimycobacterial evaluation of a library of isatin‐derived bis(heteronuclear hydrazones). Evaluation results revealed that the inclusion of isoniazid core into 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole tethered isatin‐benzaldehydes improved the antimycobacterial activity on tuberculosis mc26230 strain and significantly reduced the cytotoxicity against Vero cells. However, the introduction of semicarbazones/thiosemicarbazones or pyrazine‐2‐carbohydrazide produced the opposite effects. The compounds with isoniazid and polar‐donating groups at the C‐5 position of isatin emerged as the most promising conjugates with MIC99 = 0.36 µg/ml. The most active compounds were non‐cytotoxic to Vero cells (IC50>100 µg/ml) with selectivity indices >277.
Validity and reliability of the Family Empowerment Scale for parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Boztepe Handan , Çınar Sevil , Kanbay Yalçın , Acımış Burcu , Özgür Figen , Terzioglu Füsun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmpowerment is recognized as a crucial concept in strengthening the position of parents in healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish Family Empowerment Scale (FES).MethodsThis methodological study was conducted between January and March 2021, with 348 family members actively caring for their children in the age group of 0–18 years with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). The English FES was translated into Turkish using back translation and modified so that it is generic and convenient for all families. The construct validity, internal validity, internal consistency, and split‐half test reliability and responsiveness of the Turkish FES were examined.ResultsThe original FES structure with three factors (family, health services provided to the child and community participation) and 34 items was verified in Turkish culture. This obtained structure can explain 66% of the variance of the relevant concept. Scores of parents ranged between 34 and 170 points. Increasing scores indicated a positive significance regarding family empowerment. The Cronbach's α reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.976.ConclusionThe study findings and the goodness‐of‐fit values indicated that the FES and its Turkish version are a valid and reliable measurement instrument to be used in Turkish culture.