bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Climatic Factors Influence on the Overhead Transmission Lines Reliability
Authors: Kondrateva Olga , Myasnikova Ekaterina , Loktionov Oleg 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, the influence of climatic factors on overhead transmission lines reliability in Russia was discussed. A review of the possible impacts of climate change is provided. Using the example of an electric grid company providing electricity in the Republic of Bashkortostan some reliability targets associated with the impacts of weather events were calculated: the number of power outages, the failure rate of 1 km of overhead transmission lines and the outage time. From the calculations it was determined that these targets are at a quite high level, in particular for 6-10 kV overhead transmission lines. The main contribution is made by climatic factors wind and lighting storm. A correlation analysis of the overhead transmission lines outages as a function of the number of wind cases with a certain speed has shown a strong relationship between these characteristics. According to predictive information, the number of power outages in the territory under consideration in 2025 will increase by 1.5 times.
Insurance against Natural Hazards: Critical Elements on the Risk Premium Evaluation in the Italian Context
Authors: Pagano Andrea Jonathan , Romagnoli Francesco , Vannucci Emanuele 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to highlight the insurance dynamics in relation to catastrophic events and how the insurance companies approach the insured parties (contractors) for the definition of a tailored insurance policy contract. Within this study the emphasis has been addressed more on the regulatory situation in the Italian context as a key example of the existing contractual problems regarding the drafting of insurance contracts against natural hazards. In particular, the study defines the drawbacks of having information asymmetry between the parties towards several substantial elements of the policy agreement, including the definition of the overall risk, exposure, vulnerability and the consequential insurance premium. This study provides an overview of the possible calculation as a specific one based on the risk / premium assessment tool of the Exceedance Probability curve (EP curve) method used by insurance companies. This method focuses on some of the most important insurance parameters for determining the insurance premium and the possible indemnity in relation to the risk related to natural hazards. In the results and discussion, the research reports on how an information discrepancy on contractual transparency appears evident in fact creating an obstacle to facilitate the access to the data referred to in the risk calculation inherent in the asset and obviating the information discrepancy, allowing the private individual to use the information consciously. With the presentation of a risk calculation tool based on the EP curve and relative loss or exceedance, the study shows a possible correlation between insurance dynamics and the new environmental, social, governance (ESG) parameters for implementation on the financial markets.
Renewable Energy Policies: Bibliometric Review and Policy Implications
Authors: Annibaldi Valeria , Condemi Alessia , Cucchiella Federica , Gastaldi Massimo , Rotilio Marianna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The energy policies of the Union States should promote energy security, energy efficiency, decarbonisation, research, innovation and competitiveness. In addition, over the last few years, the research on these topics has significantly enlarged and received increasing attention from policy makers interested in focusing and accelerating socio-technical systems towards sustainability. The scientific productivity of European Union States about the Renewable Energy policies is here evaluated. For each selected policy, positive and critical aspects are noted to assess the possibility of any changes that could lead to an increase in the renewable energy exploitation.
Environmental Assessment of Bio-Oil Transformation from Thistle in the Italian Context: An LCA Study
Authors: Tortoioli Samuele , Paolotti Luisa , Romagnoli Francesco , Boggia Antonio , Rocchi Lucia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present study is a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment of a hypothetical production process of rigid polyurethane foam obtained from thistle seed oil, grown on the marginal soils of the Umbria region, Italy. Thistle is a particularly rustic crop, suitable for difficult soil and climatic conditions that allow its cultivation in the Mediterranean area on marginal lands and with only the water supply of the autumn-spring rains. Life Cycle Inventory was built on up-to-date inventory for thistle production, while experimental data for polyol and synthesis were obtained from literature, with reference to a pilot scale reactor. Energy recovery of lignocellulosic biomass and sensitivity analysis were also included in the study. Life Cycle Assessment was performed using SimaPro 9.0 and impacts were evaluated with the Impact2000+ method. Results show the overall impact of thistle oil including its final use for the production of polyurethane foam, and underline the important contribution as environmental benefit of the use of biomass leftovers in the agricultural phase. Moreover, results show that the major impacts of the rigid polyurethane foam production process were related to the synthesis of the foam itself. Among the previous phases constituting the process of synthesis of the polyol, the most impactful one was the cultivation; the oil processing stage, on the other hand, had a small global impact. The synthesis of the foam, taken individually, generated a greater impact than the entire synthesis process of the vegetable polyol starting from the cultivation of thistle.
Are Industries Open for Renewable Energy?
Authors: Kudurs Edgars , Tukulis Anrijs , Dzalbs Arnis , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The progress towards climate neutrality and sustainable development of the national economy is increasingly challenging. At the European Union level, the target for renewable energy set by Directive 2018/2001 is at least 32 %. Industry is not only an essential part of the national economy but also a field of opportunity for increasing the share of renewable energy in the total final energy consumption balance of the country. The paper evaluates renewable energy technologies using a combination of AHP and TOPSIS methods using technical, economic, environmental, and social criteria. In order to indicate the needs, potential barriers, and position of enterprises on renewable energy, an enterprise survey is conducted. Both the survey and multi-criteria decision analysis ranks solar PV as the technology with the highest potential. The results of the survey overall show that enterprises are open to renewable energy technologies, especially if incentives such as financial support are available, for example, in the form of a grant.
Carbon Emissions in Recreation Fishing Travelling. Case of Latvia
Authors: Grizane Tamara , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The tourism industry holds high importance for the economy of Latvia; therefore, it is important to comply with the low-emission mobility strategy. The aim of this research is to investigate the CO2 emissions caused by a trip to Latvia’s Western coast at the Baltic Sea for recreational fishing in order to create information basis for intensifying the development of the specific tourism industry on a Baltic Sea states scope. In this research a hybrid (top-down and bottom up) and regression method was used for determination of CO2 emissions and interlinked relations. Research results: Altogether travelling forth and back to fishing destinations totalled 22 546 km, emitting 5.796 tCO2 emissions; vehicle occupation rates for vehicles vary – for car – 28.9 %, for motorhome – 50 %, for vans – 25 %. Renewal of car fleet to more fuel-economy vehicles would help comply with the CO2 95 g/km goal, would reduce the emissions by 684.49 kg, 847 kg and by 570.84 kg accordingly. The emission reduction per passenger with 60 % seat occupancy depend on the car CO2 emission ratio – 155 g/km, 147 g/km or 131 g/km, and would correspond to the cumulative effect of CO2 6.77 kg, 5.01 kg and 5.40 kg. Annual journey to fishing destinations per passenger, with 95 g/km emissions and 60 % vehicle occupancy rate with given registered CO2 emissions at 155 g/km, 147 g/km or 131 g/km: would produce CO2 297.7 kg, 322.7 kg and 280.2 kg accordingly. Use of seat-sharing of newer cars would allow for a reduction of emissions, specifically within Latvia’s Western coast of Baltic Sea recreation fishing area, where due to the scarce population, public transport is less available.
When is Green Really Green? A Latvian Case Study on Updating of Food Supply Green Public Procurement
Authors: Simanovska Jana , Pelsa Inese , Kibilda-Kinna Nora 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Green public procurement (GPP) is an important tool and is used to reduce adverse environmental impacts caused by food production. To have a more detailed look at the application of GPP in Latvia, the authors screened 97 public tenders for supply of food products, documenting the choice of the green criteria. Only 15 % of the screened tender documents corresponded to the national GPP requirements. Only 4 % of the tender documents gave higher priority exclusively for organic products compared to products within national quality schemes or integrated pest management agriculture. The authors compared these findings with the opinions of environmental experts, GPP guidelines by the European Commission, and experience from other countries. The authors conclude that 1) self-reporting is not an appropriate method to measure the implementation level of GPP, and 2) having a large number of criteria without clear goals can lead to using the easiest, but least environmentally beneficial options, and 3) for some tenders complying with national GPP, the environmental benefits may be unclear.
Factors Affecting the Improvement of District Heating. Case Studies of Estonia and Serbia
Authors: Rušeljuk Pavel , Volkova Anna , Lukić Nebojša , Lepiksaar Kertu , Nikolić Novak , Nešović Aleksandar , Siirde Andres 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Factors affecting both the Estonian and Serbian district heating improvement are analysed, including geographical and climate factors, as well as economic and legal factors. This analysis is added by evaluation of main technical and economic parameters related to the district heating networks from the case studies (Estonian Narva city and Serbian Kragujevac district heating). This analysis uncovered the weakest points of Kragujevac district heating and explain why district heating is not considered as sustainable and environmentally friendly heating option.
Environmental Management Challenges and Possible Solutions Regarding Chemical Pollution Caused by Households in Latvia: A Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: Akūlova Lāsma , Bukina Anna , Martinsone Žanna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine public perception of chemical pollution and environmental management problems in Riga, Latvia, and obtain possible solutions to these problems. This is a qualitative study where data was obtained by organizing focus group interviews. A total of 3 focus groups were held with 18 participants taking part. The first focus group consisted of adults living in apartments, the second group – of adults living in houses, and the third group consisted of students; all respondents live in Riga city or its peri-urban area. The results have shown that the main problems defined by respondents regarding chemicals and environmental management is lack of information, low level of environmental education, complexity of available information on chemicals and environmental aspects, inappropriate infrastructure and lack of availability of environmental services. The potential solutions for determined problems are qualitative environmental education in schools, improved informative material accessibility by creating applications for smartphones, advertisement and social campaigns, ensuring provision of infrastructure and services, and implementation of packaging deposit system.
Spatial Economic Modeling of the Waste-driven Agricultural Biogas in Lubelskie Region, Poland
Authors: Bartoli Andrea , Ben Fradj Nosra , Gałczyńska Małgorzata , Jędrejek Anna , Rozakis Stelios , Shu Kesheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, we aim to support the evidence-based policy in agricultural biogas production at regional level in Poland. To do so, we set up a decentralized decision framework, simultaneously taking into account the agricultural sector heterogeneity, the biogas technology state-of-the-art and the Polish institutional setting related to renewable energy production. A partial equilibrium model simulates the agricultural and the biogas sector interactions, estimating market clearing prices and quantities at the intersection of supply and demand. The optimal number, size and location of biogas plants are derived at the equilibrium. Considering the case study of Lubelskie region, we tested alternative incentive schemes for agricultural biogas development. Results indicate that limiting the use of energy crops in favour of other substrates, such as livestock, manure and agro-industrial waste, is decisive to preserve biogas profitability under all policy scenarios tested. However, it seems that only with the implementation of the current policy scheme there is a concrete perspective for the biogas industry take-off.
E-learning Practice at Medical Universities in Poland in the Perspective of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Leszczyński Piotr K. , Roszak Magdalena , Binkowska Aneta , Świniarski Paweł , Wilk Aleksandra , Charuta Anna , Zacharuk Tamara , Kononowicz Andrzej A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The epidemiological situation resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused the Polish universities to fully switch to distance education in March 2020. Medical e-learning has not yet been broadly implemented into the education process. Therefore, examples of successful e-learning implementations or the organization of the process of medical e-learning offer a valuable source of knowledge today, which is needed immediately. The article presents e-learning practices at the Polish medical universities during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic during the period from March to September 2020, covering seven universities in Poland that offer medical and health studies. The organization and implementation of e-learning classes is presented, including knowledge evaluation practices, providing example decisions issued by university rectors, on which the teaching process was based. A detailed presentation of the schools’ organizational units or workgroups that played an important role in the process of coordination of measures supporting e-education is also included. The article also presents a description of the software applications, utilities, and services used at the schools in the course of the process of online education. Below are some examples of specific such implementations in selected university courses.
E-learning During the Coronavirus Pandemic – Creating Educational Resources for Teaching Medical Students
Authors: Grześkowiak Małgorzata , Chudzicka-Strugała Izabela , Zwoździak Barbara , Swora-Cwynar Ewelina , Nijakowski Kacper , Jokiel Marta , Roszak Magdalena 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As a result of the epidemiological situation in Poland that occurred as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, all classroom study was suspended in March 2020 and schools were required to deliver online education. There number of teachers who create educational resources for medical e-education, also those including interactive elements, is still insufficient. Teachers’ IT skills must be continuously improved and they have to take part in e-learning course design training programmes, taking into account the characteristics of the teaching process in medical sciences and health studies. The existing examples of effective e-classes, particularly for medical training, are important sources of knowledge on how to build e-learning courses for beginners and an inspiration for others in subsequent implementations. This knowledge is needed immediately, and the time available for acquiring it is shorter than previously, as the epidemic does not allow for full-range training schemes. This paper presents such results, collected from the period from March to June 2020 at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences by teachers who had started working on e-learning resources in 2019 and are successfully implementing these in the educational offer made available to their students as part of various curricula.
Semantic, Logical, and Ethical Considerations of Patients’ Decisions in the Resolution of Moral Dilemmas
Authors: Rzepiński Tomasz , Baum Ewa , Żok Agnieszka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Decision-making procedures in medical practice are often analysed by both philosophers of science and ethicists, as well as statisticians, clinicians and methodologists. The paper focuses on decisions made by patients in situations of moral dilemma. The main purpose is to analyse the strategies used in resolving such dilemmas. First, the concept of a ‘situation of moral dilemma’ is clarified. Then, two types of strategies for resolving such situations are distinguished. The first strategy requires revising the patient’s belief system or moral orientation. The second one includes a group of non-revision beliefs strategies (NRB). The authors argue in support of the thesis that NRB strategies are, in fact, the patient’s first choice when it comes to resolving moral dilemmas. The paper analyses situations where the NRB strategies may prove effective, as well as situations where they fail and where the solution of the moral dilemma must be addressed by revising the accepted belief system. The findings will help to better understand patients’ decision-making processes.
Keterampilan Generik Sains Melalui Model Pembelajaran Perubahan Konseptual pada Materi Alat-Alat Optik Peserta Didik
Authors: Sudianah Sudianah , Makhrus Muh. , Taufik Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterampilan generik sains peserta didik saat proses pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Non Equivalent Control Group design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas XI MIA SMAN 6 Mataram dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Keterampilan generik sains diperoleh pada saat prosesÃÂ pembelajaran dengan menggunakan LKPD. Keterampilan generik sains peserta didik pada saat pembelajaran, diperoleh bahwa kelas kontrol termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, sedangkan kelas eksperimen termasuk dalam kategori sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa model pembelajaran perubahan konseptual baik digunakan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan generik sains pada materi alat-alat optikÃÂ peserta didik SMAN 6 Mataram.
Energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled sinusoidal corrugated tube using RSM-CCD
Authors: Rahim Mohd. Reyaz Ur , Bharti Prem Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The axial crushing behaviour of tubes of different section shapes has been extensively investigated as they have an excellent energy absorption, but the thin walled corrugated tube structures have been designed to further improve their energy absorption performance. The study aims to analyze the effect of sinusoidal corrugations along cross section of the tube on peak force, energy absorption and specific energy absorption. In the present work the response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) has been used and simulation work is performed by using ANSYS workbench to explore the effects of geometrical parameters on the responses of constructing models.
Optimal vehicle route schedules in picking up and delivering cargo containers considering time windows in logistics distribution networks: A case study
Authors: Le Thi Diem Chau , Nguyen Duy Duc , Oláh Judit , Pakurár Miklós 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study describes a pickup and delivery vehicle routing problem, considering time windows in reality. The problem of tractor truck routes is formulated by a mixed integer programming model. Besides this, three algorithms - a guided local search, a tabu search, and simulated annealing - are proposed as solutions. The aims of our study are to optimize the number of internal tractor trucks used, and create optimal routes in order to minimize total logistics costs, including the fixed and variable costs of an internal vehicle group and the renting cost of external vehicles. Besides, our study also evaluates both the quality of solutions and the time to find optimal solutions to select the best suitable algorithm for the real problem mentioned above. A novel mathematical model is formulated by OR tools for Python. Compared to the current solution, our results reduced total costs by 18%, increased the proportion of orders completed by internal vehicles (84%), and the proportion of orders delivered on time (100%). Our study provides a mathematical model with time constraints and large job volumes for a complex distribution network in reality. The proposed mathematical model provides effective solutions for making decisions at logistics companies. Furthermore, our study emphasizes that simulated annealing is a more suitable algorithm than the two others for this vehicle routing problem.
The changes of LD-PE films after exposure in different media
Authors: Kojnoková Tatiana , Markovičová Lenka , Nový František 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work deals with the study of polymers, and, in particular, polyethylene; its production, types, properties, and usage. The experimental part evaluates the changes of properties of the polyethylene film to be reused under various exposure conditions and selection of the most suitable medium for its application. The film made of low-density polyethylene (LD-PE) was influenced by aggressive media with different pH, specifically Savo for the disinfection, Savo as a Saponate for dish washing and Coca-Cola. On LD-PE films the water absorption and melting temperature evaluation tests were performed. Carried out tests show that the most aggressive medium for LD-PE film from used media is Coca-Cola. The most effective application of LD-PE film like wrapping on container transported is the Savo used as a Saponate for dish washing.