bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances on MOF Derivatives for Non-Noble Metal Oxygen Electrocatalysts in Zinc-Air Batteries
Authors: Zhu Yuting , Yue Kaihang , Xia Chenfeng , Zaman Shahid , Yang Huan , Wang Xianying , Yan Ya , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOxygen electrocatalysts are of great importance for the air electrode in zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Owing to the high specific surface area, controllable pore size and unsaturated metal active sites, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives have been widely studied as oxygen electrocatalysts in ZABs. To date, many strategies have been developed to generate efficient oxygen electrocatalysts from MOFs for improving the performance of ZABs. In this review, the latest progress of the MOF-derived non-noble metal–oxygen electrocatalysts in ZABs is reviewed. The performance of these MOF-derived catalysts toward oxygen reduction, and oxygen evolution reactions is discussed based on the categories of metal-free carbon materials, single-atom catalysts, metal cluster/carbon composites and metal compound/carbon composites. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive overview on the design strategies of various MOF-derived non-noble metal–oxygen electrocatalysts and their structure-performance relationship. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are provided for further advancing the MOF-derived oxygen electrocatalysts in ZABs.
Tropical optimal transport and Wasserstein distances
Authors: Lee Wonjun , Li Wuchen , Lin Bo , Monod Anthea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study the problem of optimal transport in tropical geometry and define the Wasserstein-p distances in the continuous metric measure space setting of the tropical projective torus. We specify the tropical metric—a combinatorial metric that has been used to study of the tropical geometric space of phylogenetic trees—as the ground metric and study the cases of $$p=1,2$$

p
=
1
,
2

in detail. The case of $$p=1$$

p
=
1

gives an efficient computation of the infinitely-many geodesics on the tropical projective torus, while the case of $$p=2$$

p
=
2

gives a form for Fréchet means and a general inner product structure. Our results also provide theoretical foundations for geometric insight a statistical framework in a tropical geometric setting. We construct explicit algorithms for the computation of the tropical Wasserstein-1 and 2 distances and prove their convergence. Our results provide the first study of the Wasserstein distances and optimal transport in tropical geometry. Several numerical examples are provided.
A Survey of Orthographic Information in Machine Translation
Authors: Chakravarthi Bharathi Raja , Rani Priya , Arcan Mihael , McCrae John P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMachine translation is one of the applications of natural language processing which has been explored in different languages. Recently researchers started paying attention towards machine translation for resource-poor languages and closely related languages. A widespread and underlying problem for these machine translation systems is the linguistic difference and variation in orthographic conventions which causes many issues to traditional approaches. Two languages written in two different orthographies are not easily comparable but orthographic information can also be used to improve the machine translation system. This article offers a survey of research regarding orthography’s influence on machine translation of under-resourced languages. It introduces under-resourced languages in terms of machine translation and how orthographic information can be utilised to improve machine translation. We describe previous work in this area, discussing what underlying assumptions were made, and showing how orthographic knowledge improves the performance of machine translation of under-resourced languages. We discuss different types of machine translation and demonstrate a recent trend that seeks to link orthographic information with well-established machine translation methods. Considerable attention is given to current efforts using cognate information at different levels of machine translation and the lessons that can be drawn from this. Additionally, multilingual neural machine translation of closely related languages is given a particular focus in this survey. This article ends with a discussion of the way forward in machine translation with orthographic information, focusing on multilingual settings and bilingual lexicon induction.
Sea State Estimation from Uncalibrated, Monoscopic Video
Authors: Loizou Antonis , Christmas Jacqueline 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVideo of the ocean surface is used as a means for estimating the sea state. Time series of pixel intensity values are given as input to a method that uses the Kalman filter and the least squares approximate solution for estimating the uncalibrated video amplitude spectrum. A method is proposed for scaling this spectrum to metres with the use of an empirical model of the ocean. The significant wave height is estimated from the calibrated video amplitude spectrum. The results are tested against two sets of video data, and buoy measurements in both cases are solely used for indicating the true state. For significant wave height values between 0.5 and 3.6 m, the maximum observed value of root mean square error is 0.37 m and of mean absolute percentage error 16%.
Patient Engagement Initiatives in Clinical Trials: Recent Trends and Implications
Authors: Sine Shalome , de Bruin Annick , Getz Kenneth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs clinical trial protocol designs become more complex and eligible patient populations narrow, it is becoming increasingly difficult to recruit participants and retain them for the duration of the trial. This study surveyed clinical trial participants to learn about the prevalence and impact of new technologies and other supportive solutions designed to improve patient engagement and retention. Patient perceptions of these convenience-enhancing solutions and how they have changed since our last study in 2017 were examined.MethodsBased on 12,451 responses to a global online survey collected in 2019, we conducted an analysis of respondents who used convenience-enhancing solutions during their participation in a clinical trial.ResultsWe found that the prevalence of convenience-enhancing solutions is increasing and that their use correlates with high ratings for clinical trial satisfaction, as well as with high ratings for care and attention received during the trial.ConclusionsA wide range of strategies and tactics are needed to reduce barriers to participation and improve retention. The use of convenience-enhancing solutions can help reduce these barriers. The solutions are also particularly popular among under-represented populations, revealing further potential opportunities to increase patient engagement specifically among these groups.
Probability of Postoperative Complication after Liver Resection: Stratification of Patient Factors, Operative Complexity, and Use of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery
Authors: Kobayashi Kosuke , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Schneider Michael , Piazza Giulia , Labgaa Ismail , Joliat Gaëtan-Romain , Melloul Emmanuel , Uldry Emilie , Demartines Nicolas , Halkic Nermin 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
The current study aimed to assess the performance of the 3-level complexity classification that stratified liver resection procedures into 3 complexity grades (grade I, low; grade II, intermediate; and grade III, high complexity) and to evaluate whether the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocol improves postoperative outcomes for each complexity grade.

STUDY DESIGN:
Consecutive patients undergoing open liver resection and laparoscopic liver resection at Lausanne University Hospital during 2010 to 2020 were assessed.

RESULTS:
A total of 437 patients were included. Operative time, estimated blood loss, and length of hospital stay increased significantly, with a stepwise increase of the grades from I to III in open liver resection and laparoscopic liver resection (all, p < 0.05). The same trend for Comprehensive Complication Index was found in open liver resection (p < 0.005). Age (p = 0.004), 3-level complexity classification (grade II vs I; p = 0.001; grade III vs I; p < 0.001), no use of the ERAS protocol (p = 0.016), and biliary reconstruction (p < 0.001) were significant predictors for postoperative complication, defined as Comprehensive Complication Index ≥ 26.2 in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. The prediction model incorporating the 4 factors had a calculated Concordance Index of 0.735 and 0.742 based on the bootstrapping method. The use of ERAS protocol was associated with lower probability of postoperative complication for each complexity grade and age.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of ERAS protocol can decrease the probability of postoperative complication for each surgical complexity of liver resection and patient age. This finding emphasized the importance of tailoring perioperative management according to surgical complexity and patient age to improve outcomes after liver resection.
A Model of Practice for Improving Autism Knowledge in Teachers of Mainstream Students on the Autism Spectrum in Australia
Authors: Bruck Susan , Robinson Ainslie , Gallagher Emma 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAustralian mainstream school teachers report a severe shortage of accessible autism-focused resources, strategies, and professional development (PD). This 2-part mixed methods study investigated the effect of using a web-based model of practice (MoP) for PD. The MoP contains evidence-based, autism-specific educational practices and resources designed for mainstream teachers of students on the autism spectrum. The aim was to examine teacher responses to using the MoP and the impact of the mode of delivery. In Part 1, 3 PD delivery conditions for using the MoP were trialled (8 weeks): face-to-face support, online support, or web-based access to detailed resources only. Support was provided by expert autism educators. Teachers (N = 15) reported that the MoP was an accessible, comprehensive, and practical support for educational decision-making, and that support encouraged implementation of the MoP practices. Part 2 trialled a hybrid PD model in 6 regional schools. Limited face-to-face and online support plus access to the MoP was trialled. Interview data indicated that a hybrid model can be an effective method of providing immediate support for teachers.
SYMÉTRIES ET TRANSVEXIONS, PRINCIPALEMENT DANS LES GROUPES DE RANG DE MORLEY FINI SANS INVOLUTIONS
Authors: POIZAT BRUNO 
Published: June 2021

RésuméL'analyse de la démonstration par contradiction de Frécon 2018 qui est faite dans Poizat 2018 met en évidence la structure symétrique des groupes de rang de Morley fini sans involutions; en effet, cette démonstration consiste en la construction d'un espace symétrique de dimension deux (“un plan”), puis à montrer que ce plan ne peut exister.Aux sous-espaces symétriques définissables de ces groupes sont associées des symétries et des transvexions, qu'on entreprend d'étudier ici dans l'abstrait, sans référence à un groupe qui les enveloppe; cela nous mène à considérer des structures introduites axiomatiquement que nous appelonssymétrons(plutôt qu'ensembles symétriques diadiques,comme les ont nommées Lawson & Lim 2004).Le$Z^*$-Theorem de Glauberman permet d'élucider complètement la structure des symétrons finis: chacun est isomorphe à l'ensemble des symétries associées à un sous-espace symétrique d'un groupe fini sans involutions, qui est loin d'être uniquement déterminé: de fait, il existe des groupes finis non isomorphes qui ont les mêmes symétries, et aussi des symétrons finis qui ne sont pas isomorphes aux symétries d'un groupe,La situation est plus incertaine dans le cas des symétrons de rang de Morley fini, ou même algébriques, qui sont l'objet d'étude principal de cet article. Mais bien qu'un symétron soit une structure nettement plus faible qu'un groupe, nous pouvons étendre aux symétrons des résultats bien connus à propos des groupes de rang de Morley fini: condition de chaîne, décomposition en composantes connexes, caractérisation des parties définissables génériques, génération elliptique, etc. Ces propriétés sont nouvelles même dans le cas des sous-espaces symétriques d’un groupe, et permettent de court-circuiter les calculs de Frécon dans la construction de son plan paradoxal.En outre, sous l'hypothèse de la Conjecture d'Algébricité, nous généralisons le Théorème de Glauberman au contexte de rang de Morley fini.
Mass Petitioning, Education Reform, and the Development of Political Culture in Madras, 1839–1842
Authors: Connors Scott Travanion 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article explores the emergence of reformist sentiment and political culture in Madras in the mid-nineteenth century. Moreover, it contributes to, and expands upon, the growing body of literature on colonial petitioning through a case-study of a mass petition demanding education reform. Signed in 1839 by 70,000 subjects from across the Madras presidency, the petition demanded the creation of a university that would qualify western-educated Indians to gain employment in the high public offices of the East India Company. Through an analysis of the lifecycle of this education petition, from its creation to its reception and the subsequent adoption of its demands by the Company government at Fort St George, this article charts the process by which an emergent, politicized public engaged with, and critiqued, the colonial state. Finally, it examines the transformative effect that the practice of mass petitioning had on established modes of political activism and communication between an authoritarian colonial state and the society it governed.
‘Good Muslim, bad Muslim’ in Togo: religious minority identity construction amid a sociopolitical crisis (2017–2018)
Authors: Madore Frédérick 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Togo, the opposition movement behind the anti-government protests that broke out in 2017–2018 appears to reflect a greater role for Islam in politics. Tikpi Atchadam, leader of the Parti National Panafricain, was the preeminent figure in the movement, having built a solid grassroots base among his fellow Muslims. This article examines the unique role that Muslim leaders played in these protests, as well as the Faure Gnassingbé regime's strategic response. The ruling party made spurious claims against Muslim opponents, associating them with a dangerous wave of political Islam. I argue that by portraying Atchadam as the leader of a radical ethnic and religious movement with Islamist goals, Faure Gnassingbé and his supporters sought to weaken this emerging challenger and deter members of the public from backing calls for political change. The strategy also helped garner support from Western countries while simultaneously driving a wedge between Muslim community leaders.
The Lichens of Caenlochan, Angus
Authors: Gilbert O. L. , Coppins B. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An account of the lichen flora of Caenlochan, in the Eastern Highlands
of Scotland, is provided; it is considered to be the third most important
site for calcicolous montane lichens in the UK, after Ben Lawers and Ben
Alder. After evaluating all records, 322 species are accepted as having been
recorded from rock and soil on high ground of which many are reported for
the first time. These include Collema parvum and
Rinodina parasitica new to the British Isles.
The lichen flora is distributed in many small pockets, each of medium
interest, so there is no single outstanding site in the corrie. Substratum
variability contributes significantly to lichen diversity; the Lawers
Calcareous Schists are soft and laced with seams of marble, whereas the
harder hornblende schists form high cliffs that carry communities typical of
rocks of intermediate base-status. The course of the Glasallt Burn is
particularly varied. Severe restraints on the alpine lichen flora include
the relatively low altitude (610–850 m) and sheltered situation of the
calcareous strata. This adversely affects terricolous and bryophilous
species. The outcrops of alkaline rock are severely limited in extent
considering the reputation of Caenlochan. This is one of the driest parts of
the Highlands; species of unusual abundance, such as Acarospora
cervina are probably favoured by the summer water deficit,
whereas others, less frequent than expected, for example
Amygdalaria spp. and Collema
glebulentum, may be restricted by it. Four new taxa are
described: Lecidea pycnocarpa f. sorediata
Coppins & Fry day, Pertusaria flavocorallina
Coppins & Muhr, Polyblastia efflorescens
Coppins, and Thelidium papulare f. sorediatum
Coppins.
Processing focus in native and non-native speakers of English: an eye-tracking study in the visual world paradigm
Authors: Ge Haoyan , Mulders Iris , Kang Xin , Chen Aoju , Yip Virginia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis “visual-world” eye-tracking study investigated the processing of focus in English sentences with preverbalonlyby L2 learners whose L1 was either Cantonese or Dutch, compared to native speakers of English. Participants heardonly-sentences with prosodic prominence either on the object or on the verb and viewed pictures containing an object-focus alternative and a verb-focus alternative. We found that both L2 groups showed delayed eye movements to the alternative of focus, which was different from the native speakers of English. Moreover, Dutch learners of English were even slower than Cantonese learners of English in directing fixations to the alternative of focus. We interpreted the delayed fixation patterns in both L2 groups as evidence of difficulties in integrating multiple interfaces in real time. Furthermore, the similarity between English and Dutch in the use of prosody to mark focus hindered Dutch learners’ L2 processing of focus, whereas the difference between English and Cantonese in the realization of focus facilitated Cantonese learners’ processing of focus in English.
The Local versus the Global in the history of relativity: The case of Belgium
Authors: ten Hagen Sjang L. 
Published: June 2021

ArgumentThis article contributes to a global history of relativity, by exploring how Einstein’s theory was appropriated in Belgium. This may sound like a contradiction in terms, yet the early-twentieth-century Belgian context, because of its cultural diversity and reflectiveness of global conditions (the principal example being the First World War), proves well-suited to expose transnational flows and patterns in the global history of relativity. The attempts of Belgian physicist Théophile de Donder to contribute to relativity physics during the 1910s and 1920s illustrate the role of the war in shaping the transnational networks through which relativity circulated. The local attitudes of conservative Belgian Catholic scientists and philosophers, who denied that relativity was philosophically significant, exemplify a global pattern: while critics of relativity feared to become marginalized by the scientific, political, and cultural revolutions that Einstein and his theory were taken to represent, supporters sympathized with these revolutions.
Associations between HPA axis reactivity and PTSD and depressive symptoms: Importance of maltreatment type and puberty
Authors: Negriff Sonya , Gordis Elana B. , Susman Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe functioning of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is implicated in the etiology and maintenance of depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, different maltreatment experiences as well as the increased sensitivity of the HPA axis during puberty may alter associations between the HPA axis and mental health. To address these gaps, the current study examined the potential bidirectional associations between cortisol reactivity to a stressor, PTSD symptoms, and depressive symptoms among early adolescents across two time points, 1 year apart (n = 454; Mage = 10.98 at Time 1 and Mage = 12.11 at Time 2). Multiple-group path models tested the pathways between cortiol reactivity and mental health prior to and during puberty, for different types of maltreatment . Overall, the results showed that associations between cortisol output and symptoms of PTSD and depression were driven by those in the midst of puberty. Specifically, higher cortisol output at Time 1 was linked with higher levels of subsequent PTSD and depressive symptoms for neglected youth who had reached puberty. However, depressive symptoms predicted subsequent lower cortisol output for the physical abuse and emotional abuse groups. These findings demonstrate longitudinal links between cortisol, depressive symptoms, and PTSD symptoms among youth with different types of maltreatment histories and highlight the need to consider the reorganization of the stress system during puberty in order to advance our understanding of the HPA axis and mental health.
THE PETATE AND THE COSMIC ORDER: DISCOVERIES FROM A CLASSIC PERIOD RESIDENTIAL GRAVE IN MICHOACÁN, MEXICO
Authors: Darras Véronique 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article explores the symbolism of the petate in light of an unprecedented archaeological discovery. Excavations carried out in a Classic context in northern Michoacán revealed the impression of a petate marking the location of a burial. In addition, the lower section of the burial pit was covered over with andesite slabs, including one with grid-like and spiral incisions. After a brief overview of the ancient and modern uses of the petate and relevant archaeological evidence, I present the data that allow the testing of different hypotheses, in particular the symbolization of power through the petate. Contextual analysis suggests that both the woven mat and the incised slab served as thresholds, if not barriers, between the world of the living and the underworld. I propose that the petate was placed over the grave to serve as a regulator, ensuring that entities were properly separated and that they remained in their respective places. As such, it was an object protecting the cosmic order. I further suggest that the petate may have acted as a temporal gate, guaranteeing the continuous exercise of authority and argue that it was, as a finished object, endowed with power.
COVID-19 infection with delayed presentation of infective endocarditis of the prosthetic pulmonary valve
Authors: Chimoriya Romila , Awasthy Neeraj , Kumar Gaurav 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPulmonary valve endocarditis after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation has been an emerging concern due to the increasing prevalence of transcatheter placement of pulmonary valve in the treatment of residual right ventricular outflow tract stenosis or regurgitation. Pulmonary valve endocarditis is a dreadful complication of transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation that have been reported with Melody valve (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) and Edward Sapien valve (Edwards Life Sciences, Irvine, CA) till date. There are scanty available literatures for pulmonary valve endocarditis with Venus P valve (Venus Medtech, Hangzhou, China) implantation. Furthermore, cardiovascular comorbidity is common in COVID-19 infection with limited evidence of COVID-19 infection concomitant with infective endocarditis. This case happens to be the first reported case of infective endocarditis of pulmonary valve with concomitant COVID-19 infection and also delayed presentation of pulmonary valve endocarditis with Venus P valve implantation.