bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Spatiotemporal Expression Patterns of Three Cre Lines, Emx1IRES-Cre, D6-Cre and hGFAP-Cre, Commonly Used in Neocortical Development Research
Authors: Zhou Jiafeng , Liu Gaoao , Zhang Xiaoling , Wu Chao , Ma Mengjie , Wu Jiarui , Hou Lin , Yin Bin , Qiang Boqin , Shu Pengcheng , Peng Xiaozhong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Emx1IRES-Cre, D6-Cre and hGFAP-Cre are commonly used to conditionally manipulate gene expression or lineage tracing because of their specificity in the dorsal telencephalon during early neurogenesis as previously described. However, the spatiotemporal differences in Cre recombinase activity would lead to divergent phenotypes. Here, we compared the patterns of Cre activity in the early embryos among the three lines by mating with reporter mice. The activities of Emx1IRES-Cre, D6-Cre and hGFAP-Cre were observed in the dorsal telencephalon, starting from approximately embryonic day 9.5, 11.5 and 12.5, respectively. Although all the three lines have activity in radial glial cells, Emx1IRES-Cre fully covers the dorsal and medial telencephalon, including the archicortex and cortical hem. D6-Cre is highly restricted to the dorsal telencephalon with anterior-low to posterior-high gradients, partially covers the hippocampus, and absent in the cortical hem. Moreover, both Emx1IRES-Cre and hGFAP-Cre exhibit Cre activity outside the dorsal neocortex. Meanwhile, we used the three Cre lines to mediate Dicer knockout and observed inconsistent phenotypes, including discrepancies in radial glial cell number, survival and neurogenesis in the neocortex and hippocampus. Together we proved differences in Cre activity can perturb the resultant phenotypes, which aid researchers in appropriate experimental design.
Efficient Realizability Checking by Modularization of LTL Specifications
Authors: Ito Sohei , Osari Kenji , Shimakawa Masaya , Hagihara Shigeki , Yonezaki Naoki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRealizability is an important requirement for reactive system specifications. A reactive system interacts with an environment and responds to input events. Realizability ensures the reactive system behaves as specified, no matter how its environment provides input. Typically, reactive system specifications are given using linear temporal logic (LTL), and they can be tested to ascertain whether the specification is realizable. However, the LTL specification realizability problem is 2EXPTIME-complete, which hinders its application to large-scale systems. In this article, we present a modularization method to mitigate this computational challenge.
Rumor Identification and Verification for Text in Social Media Content
Authors: Suthanthira Devi P , Karthika S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Twitter led a remarkable breakthrough in information sharing on online social media. The eminent technology can propagate a piece of rumor to a large community of people in a short period. The timely detection of rumor tweets in social media curtails panic among the public during critical situations. Traditional machine learning techniques are not capable of categorizing rumor information effectively. To address this problem, the author has proposed a novel neural network approach called veracity detection neural network for identifying the rumor-related Twitter posts’ content in real-time events. This algorithm utilized the convolutional sentence encoder–bi-directional long short-term memory (CSE-BiLSTM) model with pre-trained vectorization methods such as Word2vec, fastText and universal sentence encoder (USE). The hybrid CSE-BiLSTM with USE vectorization technique yields the best results for the performance metrics of accuracy, F1-score, precision and recall. The proposed algorithm achieves 90.56%, 86.18% and 93.89% accuracy values to classify the tweet into rumor or non-rumor for the datasets such as PHEME, newly emerged rumors on Twitter and #gaja, respectively. Finally, a comparative study shows that the proposed neural network model outperformed all other existing rumor text classification systems.
Measurement of compensatory arterial remodelling over time with serial coronary computed tomography angiography and 3D metrics
Authors: van den Hoogen Inge J , van Rosendael Alexander R , Lin Fay Y , Gianni Umberto , Andreini Daniele , Al-Mallah Mouaz H , Budoff Matthew J , Cademartiri Filippo , Chinnaiyan Kavitha , Hyun Choi Jung , Conte Edoardo , Marques Hugo , de Araújo Gonçalves Pedro , Gottlieb Ilan , Hadamitzky Martin , Leipsic Jonathon , Maffei Erica , Pontone Gianluca , Shin Sanghoon , Kim Yong Jin , Lee Byoung Kwon , Chun Eun Ju , Sung Ji Min , Lee Sang Eun , Berman Daniel S , Virmani Renu , Samady Habib , Stone Peter H , Narula Jagat , Chang Hyuk Jae , Min James K , Shaw Leslee J , Bax Jeroen J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
The magnitude of alterations in which coronary arteries remodel and narrow over time is not well understood. We aimed to examine changes in coronary arterial remodelling and luminal narrowing by three-dimensional (3D) metrics from serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Methods and results
From a multicentre registry of patients with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent clinically indicated serial CCTA (median interscan interval = 3.3 years), we quantitatively measured coronary plaque, vessel, and lumen volumes on both scans. Primary outcome was the per-segment change in coronary vessel and lumen volume from a change in plaque volume, focusing on arterial remodelling. Multivariate generalized estimating equations including statins were calculated comparing associations between groups of baseline percent atheroma volume (PAV) and location within the coronary artery tree. From 1245 patients (mean age 61 ± 9 years, 39% women), a total of 5721 segments were analysed. For each 1.00 mm3 increase in plaque volume, the vessel volume increased by 0.71 mm3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63 to 0.79 mm3, P &lt; 0.001] with a corresponding reduction in lumen volume by 0.29 mm3 (95% CI −0.37 to −0.21 mm3, P &lt; 0.001). Serial 3D arterial remodelling and luminal narrowing was similar in segments with low and high baseline PAV (P ≥ 0.496). No differences were observed between left main and non-left main segments, proximal and distal segments and side branch and non-side branch segments (P ≥ 0.281).

Conclusions
Over time, atherosclerotic coronary plaque reveals prominent outward arterial remodelling that co-occurs with modest luminal narrowing. These findings provide additional insight into the compensatory mechanisms involved in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
The Saint Lazare Affair, 13 July 1789
Authors: Sutherland Dmg 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article breaks the Saint Lazare Affair into its components. Usually treated as a single act of pillage, the Affair splits into three parts: the search for arms whereby this and other religious institutions were searched for arms between 12 and 14 July 1789; the spectacular vandalism that followed; and the sale (not the pillage) of much of the Mission’s grain stocks. The significance of some of this remains a mystery. Not the search for arms; not the grain sales. But the pillage does. Without ideological slogans, the Affair illustrates the gulf between the rage of a silent crowd and the condemnations of the revolutionary leadership and the journalists.
Draft genome sequence of a prodigiosin-hyperproducing Serratia marcescens strain isolated from Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Elkenawy Nora M , Youssef Noha H , Aziz Ramy K , Amin Magdy A , Yassin Aymen S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacterium with both environmental and host-associated strains. Pigmentation is reportedly inversely correlated with infection frequency, and prodigiosin is one of Serratia pigments that has medical and industrial applications. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of prodigiosin-hyperproducing Serratia marcescens strain N2, isolated from Cairo, Egypt. The sequence is assembled into 142 contigs, with a combined size of 5,570,793 bp. The assembled genome carries typical S. marcescens genes, with potential prodigiosin-biosynthesizing genes detected.
TTI equivalent medium parametrization method for the seismic waveform modelling of heterogeneous media with coarse grids
Authors: Jiang Luqian , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYIn recent years, many higher-order and optimized schemes have been developed to reduce the dispersion error with the use of large grid spacing in finite-difference seismic waveform simulations. However, there are two problems in the application of coarse grids for heterogeneous media: the generation of artefact diffraction from the stair-step representation of non-planar interfaces and the inaccuracy of the calculated waveforms due to the interface error. Several equivalent medium parametrization approaches have been proposed to reduce the interface error of the finite-difference method in heterogeneous media. However, these methods are specifically designed for the standard (2,4) staggered-grid scheme and may not be accurate enough for coarse grids when higher-order and optimized schemes are used. In this paper, we develop a tilted transversely isotropic equivalent medium parametrization method to suppress the interface error and the artefact diffraction caused by the staircase approximation under the application of coarse grids. We use four models to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and analyse the accuracy of each seismic phase related to the interface. The results show that our method can be used with higher-order and optimized schemes at 3 points per wavelength and produce satisfactory results.
False positive findings during genome-wide association studies with imputation: influence of allele frequency and imputation accuracy
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Xiao Xiangjun , Zhou Wen , Zhu Dakai , Amos Christopher I 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Genotype imputation is widely used in genetic studies to boost the power of GWAS, to combine multiple studies for meta-analysis and to perform fine mapping. With advances of imputation tools and large reference panels, genotype imputation has become mature and accurate. However, the uncertain nature of imputed genotypes can cause bias in the downstream analysis. Many studies have compared the performance of popular imputation approaches, but few investigated bias characteristics of downstream association analyses. Herein, we showed that the imputation accuracy is diminished if the real genotypes contain minor alleles. Although these genotypes are less common, which is particularly true for loci with low minor allele frequency, a large discordance between imputed and observed genotypes significantly inflated the association results, especially in data with a large portion of uncertain SNPs. The significant discordance of P-values happened as the P-value approached 0 or the imputation quality was poor. Although elimination of poorly imputed SNPs can remove false positive (FP) SNPs, it sacrificed, sometimes, more than 80% true positive (TP) SNPs. For top ranked SNPs, removing variants with moderate imputation quality cannot reduce the proportion of FP SNPs, and increasing sample size in reference panels did not greatly benefit the results as well. Additionally, samples with a balanced ratio between cases and controls can dramatically improve the number of TP SNPs observed in the imputation based GWAS. These results raise concerns about results from analysis of association studies when rare variants are studied, particularly when case–control studies are unbalanced.
Nodal Sets of Steklov Eigenfunctions near the Boundary: Inner Radius Estimates
Authors: Decio Stefano 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We show that Steklov eigenfunctions in a bounded Lipschitz domain have wavelength dense nodal sets near the boundary, in contrast to what can happen deep inside the domain. Conversely, in a 2D Lipschitz domain $\Omega $, we prove that any nodal domain of a Steklov eigenfunction contains a half-ball centered at $\partial \Omega $ of radius $c_{\Omega }/{\lambda }$.
One-Level Density and Non-Vanishing for Cubic L-Functions Over the Eisenstein Field
Authors: David Chantal , Güloğlu Ahmet M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the one-level density for families of $L$-functions associated with cubic Dirichlet characters defined over the Eisenstein field. We show that the family of $L$-functions associated with the cubic residue symbols $\chi _n$ with $n$ square-free and congruent to 1 modulo 9 satisfies the Katz–Sarnak conjecture for all test functions whose Fourier transforms are supported in $(-13/11, 13/11)$, under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. This is the first result extending the support outside the trivial range$(-1, 1)$ for a family of cubic $L$-functions. This implies that a positive density of the $L$-functions associated with these characters do not vanish at the central point $s=1/2$. A key ingredient in our proof is a bound on an average of generalized cubic Gauss sums at prime arguments, whose proof is based on the work of Heath-Brown and Patterson [22, 23].
Usability Problem Identification Based on Explainable Neural Network in Asynchronous Testing Environment
Authors: Hwang Hohyun , Lee Younghoon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsability testing is an essential element in human–computer interaction studies, and its core purpose is not only to evaluate usability in general but also to identify specific problems. Synchronous usability testing methods are costly to conduct on a large scale, as well as subject to time constraints. Thus, in realistic practice, asynchronous testing is often performed and usually adopts an automatic logging approach to identify usability problems based on collected data. However, in prior research, an in-depth human evaluation review phase has been required to examine each user interaction for usability problems. This consumes considerable time, and the results are likely to be subjective. In this study, we propose a novel method to identify and prioritize usability problems quantitatively using an explainable neural network approach and conduct an experiment based on device usage logs collected in a usability test. Using an explainable neural network, we assess user interactions for their relative influence on an overall usability score, predicting each interaction’s probability of causing a usability problem. Assigning usability scores to each task, we model the relative importance of each individual interaction by calculating a weight for each based on feature maps output by the neural network. Then, we identify usability problems by reviewing the interactions showing the highest importance weight values. The experimental results indicate that our proposed method effectively identifies usability problems and demonstrate that it performs quantitatively better compared to other benchmark methods.
Effect of electrolytes on the self-protection of natural gas hydrate decomposition
Authors: Zhang Haixiang , Xu Jinze , Li Zhandong , Tian Xin , Meng Wenbo , Wang Dianju 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study of methane hydrate decomposition with different concentrations of electrolytes Na+ and K+, with the aim of exploring the electrolyte's behaviour characteristics shown in its effect on the self-protection effect of methane hydrate during decomposition. The study used an experimental device for hydrate synthesis and decomposition. It focuses on the effect of electrolytes on the self-protection effect of methane hydrate during the self-protection effect during methane hydrate decomposition. (i) Na+ ions have an inhibitory effect on self-protection, whereas K+ ions do not have a significant effect. (ii) There is a negative correlation between the hydrate self-protection effect and the concentration of Na+ ions. However, an excessive Na+ concentration can inhibit the hydrate gas production rate. (iii) The synergistic system of Na+ and K+ ions has a better inhibitory effect on the hydrate's self-protection effect than a single Na+ ion solution. As the concentration of the synergistic system increased, the hydrate gas production rate was not inhibited. However, in contrast to a single Na+ ion solution, when the concentration of the synergistic system was too high, the methane hydrate gas production rate was not inhibited because of the coexistence of cations.
Multiple Paternity in Garter Snakes With Evolutionarily Divergent Life Histories
Authors: Gangloff Eric J , Manes Megan B , Schwartz Tonia S , Robert Kylie A , Huebschman Natalie , Bronikowski Anne M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany animal species exhibit multiple paternity, defined as multiple males genetically contributing to a single female reproductive event, such as a clutch or litter. Although this phenomenon is well documented across a broad range of taxa, the underlying causes and consequences remain poorly understood. For example, it is unclear how multiple paternity correlates with life-history strategies. Furthermore, males and females may differ in mating strategies and these patterns may shift with ecological context and life-history variation. Here, we take advantage of natural life-history variation in garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans) to address these questions in a robust field setting where populations have diverged along a slow-to-fast life-history continuum. We determine both female (observed) and male (using molecular markers) reproductive success in replicate populations of 2 life-history strategies. We find that despite dramatic differences in annual female reproductive output: 1) females of both life-history ecotypes average 1.5 sires per litter and equivalent proportions of multiply-sired litters, whereas 2) males from the slow-living ecotype experience greater reproductive skew and greater variance in reproductive success relative to males from the fast-living ecotype males despite having equivalent average reproductive success. Together, these results indicate strong intrasexual competition among males, particularly in the fast-paced life-history ecotype. We discuss these results in the context of competing hypotheses for multiple paternity related to population density, resource variability, and life-history strategy.
Implementation of a parallel high-order WENO-type Euler equation solver using a CUDA PTX paradigm
Authors: Kuo F A , Wu J S 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
This study proposes the optimization of a low-level assembly code to reconstruct the flux for a splitting flux Harten–Lax–van Leer (SHLL) scheme on high-end graphic processing units. The proposed solver is implemented using the weighted essentially non-oscillatory reconstruction method to simulate compressible gas flows that are derived using an unsteady Euler equation. Instructions in the low-level assembly code, i.e. parallel thread execution and instruction set architecture in compute unified device architecture (CUDA), are used to optimize the CUDA kernel for the flux reconstruction method. The flux reconstruction method is a fifth-order one that is used to process the high-resolution intercell flux for achieving a highly localized scheme, such as the high-order implementation of SHLL scheme. Many benchmarking test cases including shock-tube and four-shock problems are demonstrated and compared. The results show that the reconstruction method is computationally very intensive and can achieve excellent performance up to 5183 GFLOP/s, ∼66% of peak performance of NVIDIA V100, using the low-level CUDA assembly code. The computational efficiency is twice the value as compared with the previous studies. The CUDA assembly code reduces 26.7% calculation and increases 37.5% bandwidth. The results show that the optimal kernel reaches up to 990 GB/s for the bandwidth. The overall efficiency of bandwidth and computation performance achieves 127% of the predicted performance based on the HBM2-memory roofline model estimated by Empirical Roofline Tool.
The Parkes pulsar timing array second data release: timing analysis
Authors: Reardon D J , Shannon R M , Cameron A D , Goncharov B , Hobbs G B , Middleton H , Shamohammadi M , Thyagarajan N , Bailes M , Bhat N D R , Dai S , Kerr M , Manchester R N , Russell C J , Spiewak R , Wang J B , Zhu X J 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The main goal of pulsar timing array experiments is to detect correlated signals such as nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves. Pulsar timing data collected in dense monitoring campaigns can also be used to study the stars themselves, their binary companions, and the intervening ionized interstellar medium. Timing observations are extraordinarily sensitive to changes in path-length between the pulsar and the Earth, enabling precise measurements of the pulsar positions, distances and velocities, and the shapes of their orbits. Here we present a timing analysis of 25 pulsars observed as part of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) project over time spans of up to 24 yr. The data are from the second data release of the PPTA, which we have extended by including legacy data. We make the first detection of Shapiro delay in four Southern pulsars (PSRs J1017−7156, J1125−6014, J1545−4550, and J1732−5049), and of parallax in six pulsars. The prominent Shapiro delay of PSR J1125−6014 implies a neutron star mass of Mp = 1.5 ± 0.2 M⊙ (68 per cent credibility interval). Measurements of both Shapiro delay and relativistic periastron advance in PSR J1600−3053 yield a large but uncertain pulsar mass of $M_p = 2.06^{+0.44}_{-0.41}$ M⊙ (68 per cent credibility interval). We measure the distance to PSR J1909−3744 to a precision of 10 lyr, indicating that for gravitational wave periods over a decade, the pulsar provides a coherent baseline for pulsar timing array experiments.
Radiative association of atomic and ionic nitrogen
Authors: Qin Zhi , Bai Tianrui , Liu Linhua 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Radiative association for the formation of molecular nitrogen cation ${\rm{N}}_2^ + $ during the collision of an N(4Su) atom and an N+(3Pg) ion is investigated. The corresponding cross-sections and rate coefficients are computed by the quantum mechanical method based on ab initio potential energy curves and transition dipole moments, which are obtained by the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction method with the Davidson correction and aug-cc-pCV5Z-DK basis set. A number of low-lying doublet, quartet, and sextet states correlating to the N(4Su) + N+(3Pg) dissociation limit are considered. Hence, we investigate a number of dipole-allowed transitions and determine their contributions to the radiative association. The results show that transitions originating in the f4Πu, D2Πg, ${{\rm{B}}^2}\Sigma _{\rm{u}}^ + $, ${{\rm{1}}^4}\Sigma _{\rm{g}}^{\rm{ + }}$, and ${{\rm{1}}^6}\Sigma _{\rm{u}}^{\rm{ + }}$states are the main contributors for the radiative association process. The calculated rate coefficients are valid for temperatures from 100 to 10 000 K and fitted to the analytical function suitable for astrochemical reaction applications.