bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contracting VoIP Packet Payload Down to Zero
Authors: Abualhaj Mosleh M. , Al-Tahrawi Mayy M. , Al-Zyoud Mahran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The inefficient use of the IP network bandwidth is a fundamental issue that restricts the exponential spreading of Voice over IP (VoIP). The primary reason for this is the big header size of the VoIP packet. In this paper, we propose a method, called Short Voice Frame (SVF), that addresses the big header size of the VoIP packet. The main idea of the SVF method is to make effective use of the VoIP packet header fields that are unneeded to the VoIP technology. In particular, these fields will be used for temporarily buffering the voice frame (VoIP packet payload) data. This will make the VoIP packet payload short or even zero in some cases. The performance evaluation of the proposed SVF method showed that the use of the IP network bandwidth has improved by up to 28.3% when using the G.723.1 codec.
Systems Engineering Information Model of Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions
Authors: Uzunov Hristo , Matzinski Plamen , Dechkova Silvia , Dimov Nikolay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Engineering analysis of motor vehicle collisions as a complex type of research combines the application of scientific approaches from different fields: mechanics, mathematics, structural design, etc. This implies accurate and unambiguous determination of input data and their application in computational procedures for finding solutions in iterative mode. Hence, the reason to apply the specific research method of information modelling in the present study to one of the main types of road accidents, namely the pedestrian-car collision.
Replies to Cepollaro and Torrengo, Táíwò, and Amoretti
Authors: Stanley Jason 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this short piece belonging to a book symposium on my book How Propaganda Works (Oxford University Press, 2015), I reply to the objections, comments and suggestions provided by the contributors: Bianca Cepollaro and Giuliano Torrengo, Olúfémi O. Táíwò, and Maria Cristina Amoretti. I show how some of the objections can be accommodated by the framework adopted in the book, but also how various comments and suggestions have contributed to the development, in future work, of several threads pertaining to the general view put forward in How Propaganda Works.
Influence of Inspiratory Muscle Training of Various Intensities on The Physical Performance of Long‐Distance Runners
Authors: Rożek-Piechura Krystyna , Kurzaj Monika , Okrzymowska Paulina , Kucharski Wojciech , Stodółka Jacek , Maćkała Krzysztof 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) at different intensities on the pulmonary function and physiological adaptations of long-distance runners undergoing sports training. This study involved 25 long-distance runners. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups depending on the type of IMT applied: POWERbreathe device (group 1), Threshold IMT device (group 2), and a control group. The following lung variables were evaluated: vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax). Spiroergometric measures included: heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2max), carbon dioxide production (VCO2max), maximum ventilation (VE) and respiratory exchange rate (RER), which were measured breath by breath using a gas analyser (VYNTUS CPX). Group 1, which used the POWERbreathe device, showed significant increases in all assessed physiological and physical performance variables. In group 2, which used the Threshold device, only VO2max, VE and tRER ventilation were significantly increased to a similar level as that observed in group 1. In the control group, we only observed a significant reduction in saturation. The use of IMT with a higher intensity resulted in significant improvements in all tested variables of lung ventilation and respiratory muscle strength. Also, after training, lactate accumulation was significantly decreased. Physiological characteristics (VO2max/kg) and muscle respiratory strength variables were significantly improved in the group that used the POWERbreathe device after 8 weeks of training.
Tactical Behaviour of Youth Soccer Players: Differences Depending on Task Constraint Modification, Age and Skill Level
Authors: Cláudio Machado João , Barreira Daniel , Teoldo Israel , Serra-Olivares Jaime , Góes Alberto , José Scaglia Alcides 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate: i) how Small-Sided and Conditioned Games based on different representation and exaggeration modification strategies, from the Teaching Games for Understanding pedagogical principles, affected team performance and exploratory behaviour; and ii) how teams and players of different ages and skill levels were affected by the use of these different modification strategies. In total, forty-eight youth male soccer players participated in the study (U15, n = 24 mean age = 13.06 ± 1.53 years; U17, n = 24 mean age = 16.89 ± 0.11 years). In both categories, players were organized into three groups according to their tactical efficiency level (Group 01 = High Skilled Players (HSP), Group 02 = Intermediate Skilled Players (ISP), and Group 03 = Low Skilled Players (LSP)). The HSP and LSP groups performed two types of Gk+4vs4+Gk Small-Sided and Conditioned Games (SSCGs) based on different representation and exaggeration modification strategies. The first type of SSCGs was modified by structural constraints (Structural SSCG) and the second type was modified by rule manipulation (Manipulation SSCG). Team performance and exploratory behaviour were analysed through the Offensive Sequences Characterization System and Lag Sequential Analysis, respectively. SSCG modification strategies affected differently tactical performance and exploratory behaviour of teams composed of players of different skill levels. It was found that SSCG modification strategy through rule manipulation provided players and teams with a higher level of difficulty, compromising their performance and inhibiting exploratory behaviour. This information is crucial to practitioners wishing to apply more appropriate pedagogical strategies to improve a specific tactical problem using a player-centred and game-based approach.
Fabrication of color conductive inks by introducing SWCNT/Ag and various dyes into polymeric solutions for potential applications in disposable, cheap, and flexible electronics
Authors: Zadeh Mohammad Hassan Ramezan , Seifi Majid , Mousali Ebrahim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The multifaceted field of conductive inks is moving from a preliminary to an advanced stage. In this study, cellulose filter paper was used as a popular, renewable, and inexpensive material, with very interesting flexible characteristics. The novelty of this work was to use a single-walled carbon nanotube/silver (SWCNT/Ag) nanopowder in a color polymeric matrix for preparing highly conductive color inks resistant to washing. An investigation comparing three inks colored separately with different anionic and cationic dyes was performed to examine possible changes in electrical resistivity of the papers. The results obtained from FT-IR spectroscopy showed the presence of carboxylic groups in acid-treated SWCNTs and revealed Ag-containing bonds. XRD results confirmed functionalization of SWCNTs and obtaining SWCNT/Ag powder with Ag nanoparticles (NPs). Thermal stability and degradation of specimens were studied using TGA analysis to measure the percentage of Ag NPs in the SWCNTs network. The TEM micrographs were consistent with the Scherrer results. Finally, different color inks were synthesized with/without SWCNT/Ag nanopowder, and the four-point probe technique was utilized to measure the electrical resistivity of each colored paper. Consequently, preparation of color conductive inks by using ultra-narrow SWCNTs was done successfully.
Synthesis, electrical and magnetic properties of polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles for application in MEMS/NEMS
Authors: Javid Muhammad Arshad , Sajjad Muhammad , Ahmad Saeed , Khan Muhammad Azhar Shahid , Nadeem Khalid , Amin Niama , Mehmood Zahid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this research work, polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, VSM and two probe DC conductivity measurements. XRD pattern indicated the existence of a sole cubic phase of Fe3O4 with Miller indices (2 2 0), (3 1 1), (5 1 1), (4 4 0). An average size of magnetic nanoparticles was about 22.9 nm and it was reduced to 21.3 nm and 19.4 nm after 1 wt. %. and 2 wt. % coating of PEG-6000, respectively. The morphology and size of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). EDX spectra confirmed the coating of PEG on magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic properties were examined by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Saturation magnetization (M
s
) decreased as the concentration of PEG increased in the magnetic material. Electrical properties of uncoated and polymer coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were studied by two-probe conductivity meter. This study concluded that the thermal flow of charge in polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles can be evaluated at micro and nano level.
Reductions of Consciousness. From Husserl to Churchland
Authors: Kowalska Małgorzata 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The author juxtaposes two extreme approaches to the relationship between consciousness and the physical world: phenomenological-idealistic (represented by Edmund Husserl) and radically naturalistic (represented by Paul Churchland). These two positions are interpreted in terms of opposite if symmetrical types of reduction (on the one hand, the reduction of the world to a sense for consciousness, and on the other hand, the reduction of consciousness to an element of the physical world). They emerge as two ways of abstracting from the ambivalence of ordinary experience, in which consciousness and the physical world are both mutually entangled and non-identical with each other. In conclusion, the author argues that contemporary philosophy, which follows both the idealistic and the naturalistic path, fails to solve the problem of this relationship.
Cultural Humility Addressing Racism and Microaggression (CHARM)
Authors: Li Shujin 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Racism, discrimination and microaggressions experienced by underrepresented nursing students contribute to a loss of confidence, and feelings of sadness and anger.1,2,3 These experiences affect the students’ academic performance, and personal wellness. 1,2,3 There is a need for innovative and accessible resources that provide instruction and promote critical thinking regarding racism and microaggressions in the classroom and clinical setting. The aim of the CHARM project is to provide a toolkit for nursing students regarding how to respond safely and effectively to microaggressions.
Method
The use of eLearning and simulation games have successfully been used to provide education and problem-solving skills in healthcare when interacting with various groups of individuals. A group of seven nursing students are collaborating with faculty to develop an eLearning Toolkit and virtual simulation games (VSGs) focused on addressing racism and microaggressions.
Results
To date, the outline of a website that includes access to a pre-learning module and 5 VSGs have been designed. The pre-learning module includes definitions and education regarding the 6-step method to responding to microaggressions.4,5 The VSGs immerse the players into various scenarios where they are provided with options on how to respond in clinical situations and the potential consequences of the response they choose.

Discussion
This project is a work in progress, and it is hoped that this project will support nursing students, so that they feel less alone. In addition, we hope to improve their confidence and provide resources in managing encounters where racism and microaggressions occur.
Fundamental Measurement: The Need Fulfilment Quality of Life (N-QOL) Measure
Authors: Langley Paul C. , McKenna Stephen P. 
Published: April 2021

The quality adjusted life year (QALY) has serious problems related to its failure to adhere to measurement theory. If a QALY is to be meaningful, the utility score that translates time spent to an equivalent time spent in so-called perfect health must have ratio properties (i.e., it must support multiplication). Multiattribute utility scores (e.g. those generated by the EQ-5D-5L) fail to meet this standard. The multiattribute instruments produce ordinal scores that lack a true zero and they generate negative values. The manifest deficiencies of multiattribute utility instruments render them unfit, not only as a measure of therapy response but also in generating QALY claims. After 30 years of belief in their use, utilities and QALYs are clearly analytical dead ends.

The purpose of this commentary is to demonstrate a coherent way forward in health technology assessment by focusing, not on clinical attributes as surrogates for quality of life, but on measures that are based on a conceptual model describing patient value in terms of need-fulfilment. Building on an extensive, yet often overlooked literature, need-based measures that fit Rasch Measurement Theory criteria are converted from ordinal scores to interval scores to evaluate response to therapy. These measures meet the requirements of single attribute fundamental measurement which is the standard in the physical sciences. It is proposed that a translation from a Rasch interval scale (defined by logits) can be transformed to a bounded ratio scale. Need based Quality of Life (N-QOL) scales bounded by 0 (where no needs are fulfilled) to 1 (where all needs are fulfilled) form such scales. The N-QOL supports the full range of arithmetic operations. Multiattribute utilities and mathematically invalid QALYs can be put to one side as unfortunate historical curiosities in favor of a disease or target population specific N-QOL scale. Such a scale has the required properties to evaluate disease specific response to therapy This can also support N-QOL adjusted life years with a need- fulfillment life year (NALY) metric with ratio properties.
The Enhancement of Phytochemical Compounds in Fresh Produces by Abiotic Stress Application at Postharvest Handling Stage
Authors: Syukri Daimon , Chamel Arisvan 
Published: April 2021

Fresh produces is one of functional food based on its phytochemical contents. The great amounts of the phytochemical compounds in fresh produces become the main core of quality jugdement from fresh produses as a functional food. The use of proper postharvest handling system of fresh produces can be as a tool to protect the loss of the external quality and also can be used to enhance the levels of phytochemical compounds therein at the same time. A good management of plant stresses in respect to key enzymes activation of phytocemicals pathway during postharvest handling treatments of fresh produces can trigger distinct change of contained phytochemicals that can promote their healthy beneficial effect for human life.
A TUTELA PROCESSUAL DO NASCITURO: O CONFLITO DE INTERESSES À LUZ DA TEORIA CONCEPCIONISTA
Authors: Silva Luciana Ferreira da , Iocohama Celso Hiroshi 
Published: April 2021

O estudo, por meio de revisão bibliográfica e interpretação do sistema processual, trata de uma lacuna quanto a legitimidade processual do nascituro, quando ocorre conflito de interesses entre este e os seus genitores. Ao averiguar doutrinas relacionadas ao nascituro, bem como à luz da teoria concepcionista, observa-se que aquele que há de nascer é sujeito de direitos, portanto, considerado pessoa. Tomando como premissa os direitos fundamentais, o direito à vida está elevado ao patamar de condicionante dos demais direitos. Deste modo, é imprescindível que o nascituro durante as alegações, por parte de seus genitores para a interrupção da gravidez, tenha a possibilidade de exercer a ampla defesa e o contraditório. Entretanto, verifica-se que o nascituro não possui “voz” dentro do processo, já que este não é representado, ensejando afronta ao princípio do devido processo legal, visto que ninguém poderá ser privado de seus bens sem o devido processo legal. Ao retratar o descaso frente à igualdade material do processo, e ao observar o inciso I, do art. 72 do Código de Processo Civil, conclui-se que a intervenção do curador protege a igualdade material e processual, já que o curador especial será nomeado ao incapaz quando o seu interesse não for o mesmo de seus genitores, possibilitando que este possa configurar como parte do processo, resguardando os princípios constitucionais e processuais.
PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN OBAT OLEH MASYARAKAT DI DESA RABA KECAMATAN MENJALIN KABUPATEN LANDAK
Authors: Mingga Marsianus , Oramahi H A , Tavita Gusti Eva 
Published: April 2021

Tropical rainforests, generally in the industry and spacifically those in West Kalimantan, have a high diversity of plant special to be consumed by the surrounding inhabitants to suffice ther daily needs. Various types of forest ecosistems in Wets Kalimantan preserve a diversity of potentially useful plants of high economic value. The purpose of this study is to record the types and processing of plant parts that are used as medicinal plants by the people of Raba Village, Menjalin Subdistrct, Landak Regency. The documentation of medicinal plants’ use is done so that the knowledge in the community will not be lost and can provide more information for the development and preservation of medicinal plant in Raba Village. The study is conducted in three hamlest in Rava Village, Menjalin Subdistrict, Landak Regency. The selection of respondents employed Snowball Sampling, specofically by determining key respondent and the other respondent based on information from previous respondent. From the results of research on medicinal plants and how to use them,it is observed that there are 39 species of plants belonging to 30 families. On the other hand, based on the part used, it can be concluded that there are 19 species of plant whose leaves are most widely used, 25 species of plants that are processed by boiling, and 21 species of plants which are cosumed by drinking. The plants used by the people of Raba Village are Gotu Kola (Pegagan) Plants, Cocor Bebek Leaves, Bunga Jarum Plants, and Wuluh Starfruit. First of all, the Gotu Kola (Pengagan) plant is efficacious for treating kidney stone disease and can be processed in the following way: the leaves of the fresh Gotu Kalo are boiled with adequate water, then the brewing water is drunk frequently, Secondly, Cocor Bebek Leaves have proven efficacy in treating blisters. To consume it, villagers will take enough of the Cocor Duck Leaves, then the leaves are squeezed and pressed, and then affixed to the part of the skin affected by blisters. Thirdly, the Bunga Jarum Plant is advantageous to relieve a toothache. In order to consume it, take the stem of Bunga Jarum Plant, break the stem and apply the sap to the targeted teeth. Finally, the fruit and leaves of Wuluh starfruit can be used to treat high blood pressure and itching on the skin. The star fruit can be directly eaten, while the leaves are used to treat itching by rubbing it into the body.Keywords: Raba Village Community, Utilization of Medicinal Plants.
SIFAT FISIK MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI AMPAS SAGU (Metroxylon sp) BERDASARKAN UKURAN PARTIKEL DAN PERBANDINGAN ASAM SITRAT-SUKROSA
Authors: Wiwit . , Setyawati Dina , Yani Ahmad , Nurhaida . 
Published: April 2021

The manufacture of particleboards from dregs of sago and natural adhesives of citric-sucrose acid has not been widely reported. The aim of this research to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard from dregs of sago based on particle size and the ratio of citric-sucrose. The dregs of sago used is 8-10 mesh and 20-40 mesh. Natural adhesive is used 20% of the dry weight dregs of sago. The ratio of citric acid-sucrose used varies 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, 100/0. The particleboard is made manually consisting of 3 layers (face, core, back) were manufactured in 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm, and the target of density was 0,7 g/cm3. The pressing at a temperature of 180oC for 15 minutes, and pressure of 20 kg/cm2. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were tested in accordance to standard JIS A 5908-2003 Type 8. The results showed particleboard that physical properties meets the standards is density, moisture content, and thickness development. The particleboard dregs of sago with ratio citric acid-sucrose 25/75 was able to provide the best results to meet the standards of JIS A 5908-2003 Type 8 for density values of 0,7532 g/cm3, moisture content of 8,6725%, thickness of development 8,0756%.Keywords: citric acid-sucrose , dregs of sago, particleboard, particle size
PEMANFAATAN NIPAH (Nypa frutican Wurmb) DI DUSUN SUKA MAJU DESA SUNGAI SEPETI KECAMATAN SEPONTI KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA
Authors: Suparto . , Oramahi H A , Sisillia Lolyta 
Published: April 2021

Nipah is one of the non-timber forest products whose all the part of the plant can be utilized. This research aimed to find out the information on various forms of utilization of nipah by the community of Suka Maju hamlet in Sungai Sepeti village Kayong Utara regency. This study used a descriptive method with direct interview technique to a number of respondents to get response. Sampling was perfomed with snowball sampling method. The results showed that the community of Suka Maju Hamlet of Sungai Sepeti village in Seponti Subdistrict of Kayong Utara Regency utilized 5 parts of the nipah namely leaves, shoots, sticks, fruit, and flowers. Using The parts of the nipah, people can use its leaves as roof or as raw building material, nipah shoots for making of art craft woven mats, rice countainer, and cigarette, sticks on the sticks for making brooms, the fruit for making kolang kaling, an the flower can be consumed and used as a temporary treatment for fever.Keywords: Nipah, Snowball Sampling, Suka Maju Hamlet, Utilization
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP POTENSI EKOWISATA DI DESA SEDAHAN JAYA KECAMATAN SUKADANA KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA
Authors: Admin Sri Purnama , M Iskandar A , Dirhamsyah M 
Published: April 2021

In the middle of rate deforestation, The ecotourism appears as one of alternative economic opportunities for communities around the forest. Sedahan Jaya village is one of the villages in Kayong Utara Regency that has an excellent natural potentials, such as panoramic landscapes, as well as the region's forests and mountains. However, the utilization of natural resources in the village has not been optimally realized. Based on this condition, needed to do research about the perception of Society Against the potential of Ecotourism in Sedahan Jaya to know the level of participation and support from the local community. This research uses descriptive survey method that is with interview techniques and tools in the form of a detailed questionnaire form with the number of samples as much as 87 KK. Sampling purposive sampling done by the respondent. The results showed that people in the village of sedahan jaya have a very positive perception against the potential of ecotourism in Sedahan Jaya village following its development. This is because most of the people in the village of sedahan jaya has felt the positive impact of this ecotourism activities to their lives, both in terms of the economy as well as socio-cultural area.Keywords : ecotoutism, public perception, Sedahan Jaya.