bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time, Platelet Count, Fibrinogen, ROTEM Measurements, Antithrombin Level, and Bleeding Amount during Cardiovascular Surgery and Intensive Care Unit Stay: A Observational Study
Authors: Kodaka Mitsuharu , Ichikawa Junko , Ando Kazuyoshi , Komori Makiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose:Hemoglobin levels after a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are easily estimated; however, decreased fibrinogen and platelet levels before and after CPB are difficult to predict because of the adsorption and consumption. We hypothesized that fibrinogen levels, platelet count, and measurements by ROTEMTM may decrease in proportion to CPB time; moreover, we compared the perioperative blood loss by conducting a observational study. Methods:A total of 160 patients were enrolled and divided into three groups depending on the CPB time: < 2, 2–3, and >3 h. Blood samples were obtained at four time points, i.e., baseline, CPB start, CPB end, and intensive care, and platelet counts, ROTEM, fibrinogen, and antithrombin were measured. Results:A total of 74 patients were included in the <2 h, 63 in the 2–3 h, and 23 in the >3 h groups.No difference was observed in the platelet counts and fibrinogen between each group while weaning CPB, whereas the amplitude 10 min of EXTEM A10, FIBTEM A10, and antithrombin in the >3 h group were lower than those in the other groups. Furthermore, blood loss and each transfusion component were higher in the >3 h group than those in the other groups.Conclusions:The longer the CPB times, the greater perioperative bleeding loss and transfusion, particularly if >3 h, due to decreased (EXTEM A10 and FIBTEM A10) represented by ROTEMTM.Trial registration: This trial is registered with University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Center, https://www.umin.ac.jp/. (ID: UMIN000017412) on May 5, 2015.
Population pharmacokinetic model development and its relationship with adverse events of oxcarbazepine in adult patients with epilepsy
Authors: Jang Yoonhyuk , Yoon Seonghae , Kim Tae-Joon , Lee SeungHwan , Yu Kyung-Sang , Jang In-Jin , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to develop a pharmacokinetic (PK) model of oxcarbazepine (OXC) and analyse the relationship between monohydroxylated derivative (MHD), an active metabolite of OXC, and the adverse events of OXC. We obtained 711 OXC samples from 618 patients with epilepsy who were enrolled in the Epilepsy Registry Cohort of Seoul National University Hospital from February 2011 to January 2014. The plasma PK model was developed using a nonlinear mixed-effect modelling method with NONMEM (ver 7.3). A one-compartment model with a first-order absorption model and proportional residual error adequately described the MHD concentration–time profiles. The only covariate incorporated for CL/F and V/F was body weight. Of the 447 patients analysed, 28 (6.26%) had dose-related adverse events (DRAEs), which were dizziness, somnolence, headache, and diplopia. For DRAE occurrence, the cut-off values of the MHD trough and AUC were 12.27 mg/L (specificity 0.570, sensitivity 0.643) and 698.5 mg⋅h/L (specificity, sensitivity 0.571), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed the sole dizziness symptom was significantly associated with both the MHD trough and the AUC (p = 0.013, p = 0.038, respectively). We newly developed a population PK model using sparse sampling data from patients with epilepsy, and the model better reflects the actual clinical situation.
Clinical Usefulness of 16S Ribosomal RNA Real-Time PCR for The Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus
Authors: Kim Dong-Min , Yun Na Ra , Kim Choon-Mee , Kim Da Young , Seo Jun-Won 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Scrub typhus is a major acute febrile disease in the Asia-Pacific region. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the clinical usefulness of real-time PCR (Q-PCR) of 16S rRNA for the diagnosis of scrub typhus.Methods: We examined blood specimens from 148 adult patients who were confirmed to have scrub typhus from September 2008 to December 2009. Among the 148 scrub typhus patients, 36 patients were treated with antibiotics before admission. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of 16S rRNA Q-PCR, we compared its diagnostic accuracy to the accuracy of the following methods: nested PCR (N-PCR) targeting the gene encoding the 56-kDa protein, Q-PCR targeting the gene encoding the 47-kDa protein, and conventional PCR (C-PCR) targeting the 16S rRNA gene.Results: According to 16S rRNA Q-PCR and 47-kDa Q-PCR, the mild group had copy numbers of 234.4 and 130.5, whereas the severe group had copy numbers of 584.4 and 244.7, respectively. In both tests, the mean copy numbers were significantly greater in the severe group (P<0.01 and P=0.01). 16S rRNA Q-PCR detected Orientia tsutsugamushi infections with a sensitivity of 91.9%, and 56-kDa N-PCR, 47-kDa Q-PCR, and 16S rRNA C-PCR exhibited lower sensitivities of 81.1%, 74.3%, and 87.8%, respectively, for all 148 patients. In addition, 16S rRNA Q-PCR exhibited a sensitivity of 99.1% in the 112 patients who were not treated with antibiotics before admission.Conclusion: 16S rRNA Q-PCR is clinically useful for the rapid diagnosis of scrub typhus and is more accurate than the 56-kDa N-PCR, 47-kDa Q-PCR, and 16S C-PCR methods.
Using Human Centered Design to Identify Opportunities for Reducing Inequities in Perinatal Care
Authors: Nijagal Malini , Patel Devika , Lyles Courtney , Liao Jennifer , Chehab Lara , Williams Schyneida , Sammann Amanda 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Extreme disparities in access, experience, and outcomes highlight the need to transform how pregnancy care is designed and delivered in the United States, especially for low-income individuals and people of color. Methods: We used human-centered design (HCD) to understand the challenges facing Medicaid-insured pregnant people and design interventions to address these challenges. The HCD method has three phases: Inspiration, Ideation, and Implementation. This study focused on the first and second. In the Inspiration phase we conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of stakeholders who had either received or participated in the care of Medicaid-insured pregnant people within our community. Using a general inductive approach to thematic analysis, we identified themes, which were then framed into design opportunities. In the Ideation phase, we conducted structured brainstorming sessions to generate potential prototypes of solutions, which were tested and iterated upon through a series of community events. Results: We engaged a total of 171 stakeholders across both phases of the HCD methodology. In the Inspiration phase, interviews with 23 community members and an eight-person focus group revealed seven insights centered around two main themes: (1) racism and discrimination create major barriers to access, experience, and the ability to deliver high-value pregnancy care; (2) pregnancy care is overmedicalized and does not treat the pregnant person as an equal and informed partner. In the Ideation phase, 162 ideas were produced and translated into eight solution prototypes. Community scoring and feedback events with 140 stakeholders led to the progressive refinement and selection of three final prototypes: (1) implementing telemedicine (video visits) within the safety-net system, (2) integrating community-based peer support workers into healthcare teams, and (3) delivering co-located pregnancy-related care and services into high-need neighborhoods as a one-stop shop. Conclusions: Using HCD methodology and a collaborative community-health system approach, we identified gaps, opportunities and solutions to address perinatal care inequities within our urban community. Given the urgent need for implementable and effective solutions, the design process was particularly well-suited because it focuses on understanding the needs and values of stakeholders, is multi-disciplinary through all phases, and results in prototyping and iteration of real-world solutions.
High Expression of Cyclin D1 Is An Independent Marker for Favorable Prognosis in Middle Eastern Breast Cancer
Authors: Siraj Abdul , Parvathareddy Sandeep , Annaiyappanaidu Padmanaban , Ahmed Saeeda , Siraj Nabil , Al-Dayel Fouad , Tulbah Asma , Ajarim Dahish , Al-Kuraya Khawla 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The cyclin D1 protein regulates cell cycle progression which is mediated by its interactions with cyclin-dependent kinases. Over-expression of cyclin D1 has been observed in several human cancers. This study was conducted to evaluate cyclin D1 expression in a large cohort of Middle Eastern breast cancers and determine its prognostic significance. Methods: Cyclin D1 expression was assessed immunohistochemically and its association with clinico-pathological parameters was analyzed. Results: Cyclin D1 was over-expressed in 59.4% (596/1003) of cases and significantly associated with a subset of breast cancers having favorable prognostic features such as low grade (p < 0.0001), low stage (p = 0.0276), estrogen receptor (p < 0.0001) and progesterone receptor positive (p < 0.0001) tumors. An inverse association was found with triple negative breast cancers (p < 0.0001). More importantly, cyclin D1 expression was an independent predictor of favorable overall survival in our cohort (Hazard ratio = 0.69; 95% confidence interval = 0.48 – 0.98; p = 0.0394). Also, tumors that highly expressed cyclin D1 had a longer recurrence free survival. However, this significant association was seen only in univariate analysis. Conclusion: Our results reinforced the role of cyclin D1 in breast cancer pathology and revealed its expression as a valuable independent prognostic indicator for breast cancer from Middle Eastern ethnicity.
Association Between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Asian Population
Authors: Ohmoto-Sekine Yuki , Ishihara Makiko , Amakawa Kazuhisa , Ohike Yumiko , Arase Yasuji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is associated coronary heart disease risk. In addition, CAC progression is associated with worsening coronary atherosclerosis and predicts future cardiac events. We aimed to investigate risk factors for the progression of CAC in an asymptomatic Japanese population using low dose computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening performed during routine health checkup.Methods: The risk factors for CAC progression were analyzed in 771 asymptomatic subjects who underwent repeated CAC measurement. Results: Of the 771 subjects, 632 (82.0%) were males with a mean age of 56 years old, 208 (27.0%) had a history of hypertension, 299 (38.8%) had dyslipidemia, 81 (10.5%) had diabetes mellitus, and 180 (23.3%) had hyperuricemia. During observation, 103 (13.4%) subjects had CAC progression, while 515 subjects (66.8%) showed no calcification. On multivariate analysis, increasing uric acid level was significantly associated with the progression of CAC (odds ratio 1.203, 95% confidence interval 1.045-1.387, P = 0.010).Conclusions: The results of this study show that hyperuricemia is associated with CAC progression in asymptomatic Japanese subjects.
Indoor Visible Light Localization Based on Finite State Markov Chain
Authors: Shen Hongjie , Shao Jianhua , Deng Lianjia , Du Cong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the study of indoor visible light localization, the variance of the RSS(Received Signal Strength) distribution will be affected by environmental noise, resulting in a larger range of RSS value fluctuations. A method is proposed to decompose the RSS value into the disturbance component caused by the target and the noise component caused by the environment, and then a linear transfer model based on the finite state Markov chain is used to extract the disturbance component in RSS value. Finally, the DTW(Dynamic Time Warping) algorithm is used to match the real-time disturbance component with the fingerprint database to achieve target positioning.
Individualized Embryo Selection Strategy Developed by Stacking Machine Learning Model for Better In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes: An Application Study.
Authors: XI Qingsong , YANG Qiyu , WANG Meng , HUANG Bo , ZHANG Bo , LI Zhou , LIU Shuai , YANG Liu , ZHU Lixia , Jin Lei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To minimize the rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF)- associated multiple-embryo gestation, significant efforts have been made. Previous studies related to machine learning in IVF mainly focused on selecting the top-quality embryos to improve outcomes, however, in patients with sub-optimal prognosis or with medium- or inferior-quality embryos, the selection between SET and DET could be perplexing. Methods: This was an application study including 7887 patients with 8585 embryos treated during 2016 to 2018, in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. A hierarchical model was established using the machine learning system XGBoost, to learn embryo implantation potential and the impact of double embryos transfer (DET) simultaneously. The performance of the model was evaluated with the AUC of the ROC curve. Multiple regression analyses were also conducted on the 19 selected features to demonstrate the differences between feature importance for prediction and statistical relationship with outcomes.Results: For a single embryo transfer (SET) pregnancy, the following variables remained significant: age, attempts at IVF, estradiol level on hCG day, and endometrial thickness. For DET pregnancy, age, attempts at IVF, endometrial thickness, and the newly added P1+P2 remained significant. For DET twin risk, age, attempts at IVF, 2PN/ MII, and P1×P2 remained significant. The algorithm was repeated 30 times, and averaged AUC of 0.7945, 0.8385, and 0.7229 were achieved for SET pregnancy, DET pregnancy, and DET twin risk, respectively. The trend of predictive and observed rates both in pregnancy and twin risk was basically identical. XGBoost outperformed the other two algorithms: logistic regression and classification and regression tree. Conclusion: Artificial intelligence based on determinant-weighting analysis could offer an individualized embryo selection strategy for any given patient, and predict clinical pregnancy rate and twin risk, therefore optimizing clinical outcomes.
Biomechanical Characteristics of Tibio-Femoral Joint After Partial Medial Meniscectomy&nbsp;Under Different Flexion Angles：A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Jun , Yuan Shuo , Liao Bagen , Liang De 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background : Arthroscopy is a commonly-used surgical procedure for meniscal tears. However, recent studies have pointed out that arthroscopy may lead to an elevated risk of knee osteoarthritis(KOA). The biomechanical analysis after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy(APM) is helpful to clarify the biomechanical factors of KOA. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate cartilage stress and meniscus displacement of the tibiofemoral joint under flexion and rotation loads after APM.Methods：A detailed finite element model of the knee bone, cartilage, meniscus, and major ligaments was established by combining computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. Vertical load and front load were applied to simulate different knee buckling angles. At the same time, by simulating flexion of different degrees and internal and external rotations, the stresses on tibiofemoral articular cartilage and meniscus displacement were evaluated.Results：Generally, the contact stress on both the femoral tibial articular cartilage and the meniscus increased with the increased flexion degree. Moreover, the maximum stress on the tibial plateau gradually moved backward. The maximum position shift value of the lateral meniscus was larger than that of the medial meniscus.Conclusion：Our finite element model provides a realistic three-dimensional model to evaluate the influence of different joint range of motion and rotating tibiofemoral joint stress distribution. The decreased displacement of the medial meniscus may explain the higher pressure on the knee components. These characteristics of the medial tibiofemoral joint indicate the potential biomechanical risk of knee degeneration.
The Riccati Equation and the Hidden Parameter &amp;Variable
Authors: Zhao Ji-Xiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Using suitable function transformation in combination with a specific Riccati-type equation solvable, general solution of the Riccati equation in the form of elementary quadrature is given. In the process of solving the Riccati equation, the hidden parameter and variable are discovered. This indicates that hidden parameter & variable exist in all differential equations associated with the Riccati equation, such as the second-order linear ODEs, the Schrödinger equation and the Navier–Stokes equation.
Estimating the burden of Paediatric HIV in an ‘A’ category district in India: An epidemiological study
Authors: Sinha Anju , Washington Reynold , Sethumadhvan Rajeev , Potty Rajaram , Isac Shajy , Thavraj Vasantha , Pandey Ravindra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological information on the disease burden of paediatric HIV is lacking in India. The National AIDS Control Program (NACP) provides estimates of paediatric HIV based on its projections of adult infections. The window of opportunity for diagnosis and treatment is very narrow a third of HIV infected children do not see their first birthday and half of them do not reach their second birthday. Early detection of pediatric HIV is crucial for prevention of morbidities, growth delays and death. Methods: The study aimed to estimate the disease burden of pediatric HIV among children in ‘A’ category district of a high HIV prevalence state. The study used an innovative multipronged methodology to estimate the disease burden in a high burden district in India. Details of methodology have been published and include early case detection in infants (0-18 months) born to HIV positive women, among children in families with HIV positive parents, and among sick children (0 to 14 years) presenting in a health facility and screened using a modified IMCI-HIV algorithm, were methods used. The overall burden of paediatric HIV was calculated as a product of cases detected in each strategy multiplied by a net inflation factor for each strategy.Results: The existing pool of HIV infection in the district works out to be 3266 HIV positive children <15 years of age, among a mid-year (2013) projected child population of 1401688, thus giving us an overall HIV prevalence among children of 0.23%. The proportion of children among all people living with HIV in the district works out to 10.4% (3266/ (3266+28119)Conclusions: The study reported a higher prevalence than reported earlier from projections of the NACP. An overall 0.23% HIV prevalence among children was estimated which is 2.5 times that of the earlier reported prevalence for Karnataka state. The proportion of children among all persons living with HIV in Belgaum district in this study is 10.4% against 6.54% reported earlier for India. The study methodology is replicable for other settings and other diseases.
Nox4 mediates RANKL-induced ER-phagy and Osteoclastogenesis via activating ROS/PERK/eIF-2α/ATF4 Pathway
Authors: Sun Jing , Cheng Wugui , Li Songtao , Yang Sizhen , Zhang Ying , Hu Xu , Qiu Hao , Xu Shangcheng , Chu Tongwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) has been found to induce osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Results: Inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) was used to verified the role of autophagy in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis; Via downregulating Nox4 with inhibitor (DPI) and retrovirus-conveyed shRNA, we further explored the importance of Nox4 in RANKL-induced autophagy and osteoclastogenesis, as well as the regulatory effects of Nox4 on nonmitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and PERK/eIF-2α/ATF4 pathway.Intracellular ROS scavenger (NAC), mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (Mito-TEMPO) and inhibitor of PERK (GSK2606414) were also employed to investigate the role of ROS and PERK/eIF-2α/ATF4 pathway in RANKL-induced autophagy and osteoclastogenesis. RANKL markedly increased autophagy, while CQ treatment caused reduction of RANKL-induced autophagy and osteoclastogenesis. Consistent with the increased autophagy, the protein levels of Nox4 were significantly increased, and Nox4 was selectively localized within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after RANKL stimulation. DPI and shRNA efficiently decreased the protein level and (or) activity of Nox4 in the ER and inhibited RANKL-induced autophagy and osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that Nox4 regulates RANKL-induced autophagy activation by stimulating the production of nonmitochondrial ROS. Additionally, Nox4-derived nonmitochondrial ROS dramatically activate PERK/eIF-2α/ATF4, which is a critical unfolded protein response (UPR)-related signaling pathway. Blocking the activation of the PERK/eIF-2α/ATF4 signaling pathway either by Nox4 shRNA, ROS antioxidant or PERK inhibitor (GSK2606414) treatment significantly inhibited endoplasmic reticulum autophagy (ER-phagy) during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Conclusions: Our findings provide new insights into the processes of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and will help the development of new therapeutic strategies for osteoclastogenesis-related diseases.
PSMC2/E2F1 Axis Promotes the Development and Progression of Glioma
Authors: Qi Xuchen , Lu Qin , Xie Dajiang , Lv Junhui , Liu Yiwei , Yang Shuxu , Wang Yirong , Zheng Xueyong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Glioma is the most common type of malignant brain tumor with limited treatment strategy and poor prognosis. Proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 2 (PSMC2) is a key member of the 26S proteasome 19S regulatory subunit, whose role in glioma is still not clear. In this context, we aim to explore the role of PSMC2 in glioma in vitro and in vivo.
Methods

Expression of PSMC2 in in glioma tissues and normal tissues are detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. The proliferation assays (MTT assay and Celigo cell counting assay), flow cytometry and migration assays (wound-healing assay and Transwell) are used to detect the effects of PSMC2 knockdown on glioma cells. The influence of PSMC2 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo was evaluated by mice xenograft models. In addition, the downstream target of PSMC2 is determined by human GeneChip and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).
Results

PSMC2 is overexpressed in glioma tissues than normal tissues. Moreover, knockdown of PSMC2 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and arrest cell cycle in G2 phase of glioma cells. Additionally, PSMC2 knockdown promotes glioma cell apoptosis by increasing expression of caspase3, caspase8, IGFBP-1, while reducing expression of IGF-I, Survivin, TRAILR-4. In vivo findings reveal that PSMC2 knockdown inhibit the tumorigenicity of glioma cells. Furthermore, downstream of PSMC2 is explored, identifying E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) as a potential target. Notably, E2F1 knockdown exhibits similar effects on the development of glioma with PSMC2, which could strengthen the inhibition effects of PSMC2 knockdown on glioma synergistically.
Conclusions

PSMC2 is closely associated with glioma development by targeting E2F1, and might be considered as a novel therapeutic target in patients with glioma.