bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Factors Affecting Outcomes in Scalp Replantation: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Kotamarti Vasanth S. , Heiman Adee J. , Camargo Lauren , Ricci Joseph A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground Replantation is the ideal treatment in traumatic scalp defects to provide immediate coverage with restoration of hair-bearing skin. However, data are limited to case reports and small case series. Comprehensive analysis of techniques and outcomes is not available. Our aim was to systematically analyze the available literature to better understand management and postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing scalp replantation.Methods A systematic review of the PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO databases was performed in October 2019. Search terms included “replantation,” “replant,” “revascularized,” “revascularization,” “avulsion,” and “scalp.” Only papers reporting microvascular replantation of completely avulsed scalps, including case reports, were included. Review articles, non-English language articles, articles discussing nonreplant coverage, incomplete scalp avulsions, and articles discussing delayed scalp replantation were excluded. Data extracted included demographics, percent of scalp affected, mechanism, operative technique, and postoperative outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis, and chi-squared tests.Results From a total of 704 initial results, 61 studies were included for analysis comprising 149 scalps. Complete survival was achieved in 54.7%, partial survival in 38.9%, and failure in 6.7%. Total ischemia time greater than 12 hours was associated with complete replant failure. Arterial anastomoses appeared to protect against complete loss. The number of venous repairs, proportion of venous-to-arterial repairs, use of vein grafts, thromboprophylaxis, or intraoperative complications did not affect outcomes. Patients required significant volumes of blood products, which was associated with partial success. Salvage rate after unplanned return to the operating room was 60.0%. Normal hair growth was achieved in all surviving native scalp tissue.Conclusion Scalp replantations, while technically challenging, are the ideal treatment for scalp avulsions. Fortunately, these have high rates of success. And as a focal point of a patient's appearance, this is invaluable in restoration of a sense of normalcy.
Telemedicine during COVID-19 in India—a new policy and its challenges
Authors: Dash Sambit , Aarthy Ramasamy , Mohan Viswanathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, a countrywide lockdown of nearly twelve weeks in India reduced access to regular healthcare services. As a policy response, the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare which exercises jurisdiction over telemedicine in India, rapidly issued India’s first guidelines for use of telemedicine. The authors argue that: guidelines must be expanded to address ethical concerns about the use of privacy, patient data and its storage; limited access to the internet and weaknesses in the telecom infrastructure challenge widespread adoption of telemedicine; only by simultaneously improving both will use of telemedicine become equitable; Indian medical education curricula should include telemedicine and India should rapidly extend training to practitioner. They determine that for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), including India, positive externalities of investing in telemedicine are ample, thus use of this option can render healthcare more accessible and equitable in future.
Effect of pump-induced loss on the spectral dependence of Rhodamine 6G laser efficiency under microsecond coherent pumping
Authors: Tarkovsky V.V. , Anufrik S.S. , Kurstak V.Yu. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We examine the effect of the pump-induced loss in the gain medium of a Rhodamine 6G laser on the spectral dependence of the laser efficiency under microsecond coherent pumping. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the pump-induced loss is mainly due to nonlinear refraction and thermo-optic inhomogeneities of the gain medium, which produce a negative thermal lens, whose defocusing effect reduces the laser efficiency. The induced absorption by excited-state singlet and triplet levels of dye molecules is shown to make no significant contribution to changes in laser efficiency. The pump-induced thermal loss at the peak absorption wavelength of Rhodamine 6G plays a more important role well above the threshold pump power density (γ ⩾ 5). We demonstrate that the maximum dye laser efficiency under microsecond coherent pumping can only be achieved at an optimal pump wavelength.
Controlling logical operations with images in accumulated echo holography using the effects of information locking and erasing
Authors: Garnaeva G.I. , Nefediev L.A. , Nizamova E.I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The possibility of implementing logical operations with images using the accumulated echo hologram in the presence of external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields is considered. It is shown that the photon echo locking effect makes it possible to control the execution of logical operations (from the union of sets to the symmetric difference and their superposition), as well to control their form by varying the values of the gradients of external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields and the phase difference between pairs of pulses.
Zero shift in a Zeeman laser gyroscope with periodic modulation of intracavity losses
Authors: Lariontsev E.G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Periodic modulation of intracavity losses is shown theoretically to result in a change in the shape of the alternating frequency dithering created in a Zeeman ring laser when a magnetic field is applied to the active medium. A mechanism is proposed of a vibrational zero shift in a Zeeman laser gyroscope due to modulation of intracavity losses during vibration of the resonator mirrors.
Broadening of energy levels of Rydberg states with small orbital angular momenta in ions of group IIb by ambient thermal radiation
Authors: Glukhov I.L. , Kamenski A.A. , Ovsiannikov V.D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present the derivation of simple analytical expressions for calculating the widths of Rydberg states with small orbital angular momenta in Zn+, Cd+, Hg+ ions of group IIb of the periodic system of elements induced by blackbody radiation (BBR) at ambient temperatures from 100 to 3000 K. The probabilities of radiative transitions from excited nS, nP, nD and nF states to all dipole-accessible states of ions are calculated. The wave functions of the quantum defect (QD) method for the initial and final states of the Rydberg electron are used to calculate the amplitudes of transitions between bound states. The dependences of the probabilities of induced decays and excitations on the BBR temperature, the principal and orbital quantum numbers of the Rydberg ion are determined. Analytical expressions are derived for numerical estimates of the contributions of the probabilities of thermally induced decays and excitations to the width of the Rydberg energy level. The numerical values of the coefficients of interpolation polynomials representing asymptotic expansions in powers of the principal quantum number n for the relative probabilities of decays and excitations of Rydberg states with large values of n and small orbital angular momenta l = 0, 1, 2, 3 are calculated.
Does it help to see the speaker’s lip movements?
Authors: Gieshoff Anne Catherine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Simultaneous interpreting combines auditory and visual information. Within a multitude of visual inputs that
interpreters receive, the one from the speaker seems to be particularly important (Bühler
1985; Seubert 2019). One reason might be that lip movements enhance speech
perception and might thus reduce cognitive load in simultaneous interpreting and hence, induce lower mental effort. This effect
may be even more pronounced when noise is added to the source speech. This study was conducted to investigate cognitive load and
mental effort during simultaneous interpreting (a) with and without the ability to see speaker’s lip movements, and (b) with and
without interfering noise. A group of listeners was included to control for task-related effects. Mental effort and cognitive load
were measured using pupillometry, interpreting accuracy measures, and subjective reports. The facilitation hypothesis for lip
movements was not confirmed. However, the pupillometric data suggests that lip movements may increase arousal.
Crystalline phase discriminating neutron tomography using advanced reconstruction methods
Authors: Ametova Evelina , Burca Genoveva , Chilingaryan Suren , Fardell Gemma , Jørgensen Jakob S , Papoutsellis Evangelos , Pasca Edoardo , Warr Ryan , Turner Martin , Lionheart William R B , Withers Philip J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Time-of-flight (ToF) neutron imaging offers complementary attenuation contrast to x-ray computed tomography, coupled with the ability to extract additional information from the variation in attenuation as a function of neutron energy (ToF) at every point (voxel) in the image. In particular, Bragg edge positions provide crystallographic information and therefore enable the identification of crystalline phases directly. Here we demonstrate Bragg edge tomography with high spatial and spectral resolution. We propose a new iterative tomographic reconstruction method with a tailored regularisation term to achieve high quality reconstruction from low-count data, where conventional filtered back-projection (FBP) fails. The regularisation acts in a separated mode for spatial and spectral dimensions and favours characteristic piece-wise constant and piece-wise smooth behaviour in the respective dimensions. The proposed method is compared against FBP and a state-of-the-art regulariser for multi-channel tomography on a multi-material phantom. The proposed new regulariser which accommodates specific image properties outperforms both conventional and state-of-the-art methods and therefore facilitates Bragg edge fitting at the voxel level. The proposed method requires significantly shorter exposures to retrieve features of interest. This in turn facilitates more efficient usage of expensive neutron beamline time and enables the full utilisation of state-of-the-art high resolution detectors.
Robust limits from upcoming neutrino telescopes and implications on minimal dark matter models
Authors: Basegmez du Pree S. , Arina C. , Cheek A. , Dekker A. , Chianese M. , Ando S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Experimental developments in neutrino telescopes are drastically improving their ability to constrain the annihilation cross-section of dark matter. In this paper, we employ an angular power spectrum analysis method to probe the galactic and extra-galactic dark matter signals. First we derive projections for a next generation of neutrino telescope that is inspired by KM3NeT. We emphasise that such analysis is much less sensitive to the choice of dark matter density profile. Remarkably, the projected sensitivity is improved by more than an order of magnitude with respect to the existing limits obtained by assuming the Burkert dark matter density profile describing the galactic halo.
Second, we analyse minimal extensions to the Standard Model that will be maximally probed by the next generation of neutrino telescopes. As benchmark scenarios, we consider Dirac dark matter in s- and t-channel models with vector and scalar mediators. We follow a global approach by examining all relevant complementary experimental constraints.
We find that neutrino telescopes will be able to competitively probe significant portions of parameter space. Interestingly, the anomaly-free L_μ-L_τ model can potentially be explored in regions where the relic abundance is achieved through freeze-out mechanism.
Spectral features of cortical auditory evoked potentials inform hearing threshold and intensity percepts in acoustic and electric hearing
Authors: Mao Darren , Innes-Brown Hamish , Petoe Matthew A , McKay Colette M , Wong Yan T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective. Stimulus-elicited changes in electroencephalography (EEG) recordings can be represented using Fourier magnitude and phase features (Makeig et al (2004 Trends Cogn. Sci.
8 204–10)). The present study aimed to quantify how much information about hearing responses are contained in the magnitude, quantified by event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs); and the phase, quantified by inter-trial coherence (ITC). By testing if one feature contained more information and whether this information was mutually exclusive to the features, we aimed to relate specific EEG magnitude and phase features to hearing perception. Approach. EEG responses were recorded from 20 adults who were presented with acoustic stimuli, and 20 adult cochlear implant users with electrical stimuli. Both groups were presented with short, 50 ms stimuli at varying intensity levels relative to their hearing thresholds. Extracted ERSP and ITC features were inputs for a linear discriminant analysis classifier (Wong et al (2016 J. Neural. Eng.
13 036003)). The classifier then predicted whether the EEG signal contained information about the sound stimuli based on the input features. Classifier decoding accuracy was quantified with the mutual information measure (Cottaris and Elfar (2009 J. Neural. Eng.
6 026007), Hawellek et al (2016 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
113 13492–7)), and compared across the two feature sets, and to when both feature sets were combined. Main results. We found that classifiers using either ITC or ERSP feature sets were both able to decode hearing perception, but ITC-feature classifiers were able to decode responses to a lower but still audible stimulation intensity, making ITC more useful than ERSP for hearing threshold estimation. We also found that combining the information from both feature sets did not improve decoding significantly, implying that ERSP brain dynamics has a limited contribution to the EEG response, possibly due to the stimuli used in this study. Significance. We successfully related hearing perception to an EEG measure, which does not require behavioral feedback from the listener; an objective measure is important in both neuroscience research and clinical audiology.
Corrosion resistance, nano-mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of Mg-plasma-implanted and plasma-etched Ta/TaN hierarchical multilayered coatings on the nitrided AZ91 Mg alloy
Authors: Shanaghi Ali , Souri Ali Reza , Mehrjou Babak , Chu Paul K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A tantalum/tantalum nitride (Ta/TaN) multilayered coating is deposited on plasma-nitridedAZ91 Mg alloy. The top TaN layer undergoes O2 + Ar plasma etching to improve the antibacterial properties and Mg plasma immersion ion implantation (MgPIII) is performed to enhance the biocompatibility and wound healing capability. A uniform, compact, homogeneous, and columnar nanostructured MgPIII and plasma-etched TaN layer with a cluster size of about 17 nm, surface roughness of 0.28 nm, and needle morphology is observed. Although, plasma etching increases the corrosion current density (i
corr) from 0.02 to 0.19 µA cm−2 due to larger surface roughness and different potentials between sharp points and smooth points, MgPIII decreases i
corr from 0.19 to 0.02 µA cm−2 besides a more positive corrosion potential. The amounts of Mg+2 released to the simulated body fluid (SBF) diminishes from 89.63 ± 0.54 to 60.30 ± 0.47 mg l−1 cm−2 indicating improved corrosion resistance. Under fever conditions (40 °C), i
corr decreases by 63%, but the open circuit potential does not change due to the constant chemical composition of the surface as well as thicker double layer and less defects, as confirmed by the larger amount of Mg+2 of 71.49 ± 0.22 mg l−1 cm−2 leached to the SBF. In the self-healing process which occurs via the reactions between the tantalum intermediate layer and electrolytes and penetrating ions through the defects as well as formation of oxide compounds, creation and propagation of defects are deterred as shown the 24 h destructive polarization test in SBF. The combination of plasma etching and MgPIII enhance not only the bacterial resistance and biocompatibility of the super-hard TaN layer by providing the rougher surface on TaN–P–Mg, but also the nano-mechanical properties and anticorrosion properties. As a result, the hardness increases by 7%, elastic modulus decreases by 19%, and the stiffness increases by 21%.
Short-term impacts of 2017 western North American wildfires on meteorology, the atmosphere’s energy budget, and premature mortality
Authors: Bernstein Diana N , Hamilton Douglas S , Krasnoff Rosalie , Mahowald Natalie M , Connelly David S , Tilmes Simone , Hess Peter G M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Western North American fires have been increasing in magnitude and severity over the last few decades. The complex coupling of fires with the atmospheric energy budget and meteorology creates short-term feedbacks on regional weather altering the amount of pollution to which Americans are exposed. Using a combination of model simulations and observations, this study shows that the severe fires in the summer of 2017 increased atmospheric aerosol concentrations leading to a cooling of the air at the surface, reductions in sensible heat fluxes, and a lowering of the planetary boundary layer height over land. This combination of lower-boundary layer height and increased aerosol pollution from the fires reduces air quality. We estimate that from start of August to end of October 2017, ∼400 premature deaths occurred within the western US as a result of short-term exposure to elevated PM2.5 from fire smoke. As North America confronts a warming climate with more fires the short-term climate and pollution impacts of increased fire activity should be assessed within policy aimed to minimize impacts of climate change on society.
First-principles investigation of the electronic and thermoelectric properties of SiGe doped with Sn and one percent B
Authors: Ouserigha C E , Ogobiri G E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) has recently attracted much interest as a room temperature thermoelectric (TE) material for converting heat into electrical output power. With the advantage of silicon being non-toxic, cost-effective, and abundant on earth, a silicon base TE material has a promising future. A first-principle calculation based on the fully self-consistent Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method with the coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) to treat several forms of chemical disorders of SiGe by Sn-doping was carried out. In SiGe1-xSnx, as the Sn content increases the Fermi level shifts to the conduction band edge. Similarly, in Si1-xSnxGe, a high Sn content (x = 0.4 to 0.9) results in the Fermi level shifting to the conduction band edge. On the contrary, a low amount of Sn content (x = 0.1 to 0.3) causes the Fermi level to fluctuate between the conduction band and the valence band states. With the addition of 1% Boron impurity to the alloys Si1-xSnxGe and SiGe1-xSnx, the number of carriers (electron and hole) states was enhanced by 0.05 states/eV. This makes the alloys Si0.3Sn0.69B0.01Ge and SiGe0.4Sn0.59B0.01 promising for application as n-type electrodes in a thermoelectric generator (TEG).
Advancing Energy Storage Technology through Hybridization of Supercapacitors and Batteries: A Review on the Contribution of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
Authors: Uyor UO , Popoola API , Popoola OM , Aigbodion VS , Ujah CO 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fast depletion of fossil fuel and other non-renewable energy resources with their negative environmental impact have raised the quest for eco-friendly and sustainable energy resources. Sustainable energy resources such as solar and wind energy are periodical. Therefore, such energy resources can only be effectively utilized with advanced energy storage technology. Currently, various energy storage technologies such as batteries and supercapacitors are available with various energy storage properties. For instance, batteries are characterized with high energy and low power density. On the other hand, supercapacitors are low energy and high power density devices. The high power density of supercapacitors results to their faster charging and discharging capability compared to batteries. While batteries can accommodate higher energy compared to supercapacitors. Therefore, to obtain single energy storage material/device with both high energy and power density is a challenge in the energy storage sector. However, various efforts have been made to address this challenge through combinations of various materials or devices. For instance, carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes have been extensively studied in design of supercapacitors for high energy storage density. While supercapacitors and batteries have been hybridized on the effort to obtain energy storage device with both high energy and power density for advanced energy storage technology. Therefore, this review looks into the contribution of carbon-based nanomaterials in improving energy storage density of supercapacitors and their hybridization with batteries as the way forward to obtain energy storage materials/devices with both high energy and power density for advanced energy storage technology.
Cost Analysis of Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) System for Urban Home in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ainah P. K. , Buraindi A. D. , Karimo S. J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) based system is gaining popularity in Nigeria due to the incessant blackout and cost of fuelling petrol generators. However, one of the reasons for slow installation of the BIPV is the cost of the entire system which include PV modules, storage battery, inverters, etc. This paper analyses the factors that determine the cost of the BIPV system such as building load, and the autonomy of the storage battery. Some electrical appliances were used to develop different load profile for an urban building. The different load profile and the battery depth of discharge (DoD) and autonomy of the battery bank were used to analyse a sustainable and cost effective BIPV system. The paper reveals that a sustainable cost effective BIPV system for urban homes in Nigeria is determined by the type of electrical appliances used, and the appliances usage pattern. Also, the cost of the system is also affected by the depth of discharge (DoD) and autonomy of the battery bank as revealed in the paper.
Comparative study of calorific values and proximate analysis of biogas from different feedstocks
Authors: Ezekoye V , Ezekoye D , Ofomatah A , Agbaogu A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWastes used in this research paper were Orange and plantain peels with the addition of catalyst (clay). From the experiment carried out, the co-digestion of orange and plantain peels was the first to become flammable. The retention time was 66 days during which the ambient temperature and slurry temperature fluctuated between 22°C to 42°C which is within the range of mesophilic temperature. Orange peel, plantain peel and Orange/plantain became combustible on 64th,55th, and 31stday respectively. Calorific values of the samples were 15,213.85 KJ/Kg, 18,309.35 K J/Kg, and 16761.60 KJ/Kg respectively. Biochemical demands and chemical demand were obtained. The biogas produced was analyzed using biogas analyzer. The methane composition of the biogas produced were 70.70 %, 82.99 % and 77.85 % respectively. The proximate analysis of the samples was done. The Ash content was 0.35% for Orange peel, 0.55% for plantain peel and 0.41% for Orange/plantain due to the co-digestion process. The total viable count of the samples was also done.