bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient total blindness associated with alcoholic ketoacidosis
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Kyan Ryoko , Kamada Chinami , Kaku Mitsunori , Sato Shota , Tawara Toshihiro , Sakawaki Eiji , Sakawaki Sonoko , Takeyama Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundMethanol poisoning is often suspected in patients with high anion gap metabolic acidosis and visual deficits. Although alcoholic ketoacidosis can cause high anion gap metabolic acidosis, reports on vision loss are limited. We report the case of a patient with alcoholic ketoacidosis with transient total blindness.Case PresentationA 56‐year‐old man complaining of total blindness was transferred to our hospital. Physical examination revealed a clear consciousness and mydriasis with an absence of pupillary light reflex. Blood analysis revealed high anion gap metabolic acidosis with a high ketone body concentration. Alcoholic ketoacidosis was diagnosed because the patient had a chronic alcohol abuse history and denied methanol intake. As acidemia improved because of fluid infusion and glucose and vitamin B1 supplementation, his visual acuity recovered. He was discharged after 44 days without visual deficits.ConclusionPatients with alcoholic ketoacidosis may present with acute vision loss, which recovers along with treatment.
Self‐Collimation and Slow Light‐Based Refractive Index Sensor with a Large Detection Range
Authors: Barough Ali Samadian , Noori Mina , Abbasiyan Amin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, a refractive index sensor based on self‐collimation and slow light is presented which operates in the Mid‐IR range (4 µm < λ < 4.133 µm). Here, the square and hexagonal arrays are merged as the background platform and the sensing area, respectively to provide self‐collimation and slow light properties. Three sensors based on slow‐light and self‐collimation are presented in detail which provide Q‐factor, sensitivity, and detection range of 227, 104 nm RIU−1, and 1–1.7, respectively in the best case. Furthermore, the sensor design based on self‐collimation and photonic bandgap phenomena in the background platform and the sensing area, respectively is presented with a single detection unit. The presented sensors are capable of gas or liquid detection with refractive indices in the range of 1–2 with enhanced Q‐factor and sensitivity of over 620 and 123, respectively.
The Desensitized Channelrhodopsin‐2 Photointermediate Contains 13 ‐cis, 15 ‐syn Retinal Schiff Base
Authors: Becker‐Baldus Johanna , Leeder Alexander , Brown Lynda J. , Brown Richard C. D. , Bamann Christian , Glaubitz Clemens 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChannelrhodopsin‐2 (ChR2) is a light‐gated cation channel and was used to lay the foundations of optogenetics. Its dark state X‐ray structure has been determined in 2017 for the wild‐type, which is the prototype for all other ChR variants. However, the mechanistic understanding of the channel function is still incomplete in terms of structural changes after photon absorption by the retinal chromophore and in the framework of functional models. Hence, detailed information needs to be collected on the dark state as well as on the different photointermediates. For ChR2 detailed knowledge on the chromophore configuration in the different states is still missing and a consensus has not been achieved. Using DNP‐enhanced solid‐state MAS NMR spectroscopy on proteoliposome samples, we unambiguously determined the chromophore configuration in the desensitized state, and we show that this state occurs towards the end of the photocycle.
Limonin as a Starting Point for the Construction of Compounds with High Scaffold Diversity
Authors: Furiassi Lucia , Tonogai Emily J. , Hergenrother Paul J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStructurally complex natural products have been a fruitful source for the discovery and development of new drugs. In an effort to construct a compound collection populated by architecturally complex members with unique scaffolds, we have used the natural product limonin as a starting point. Limonin is an abundant triterpenoid natural product and, through alteration of its heptacyclic core ring system using short synthetic sequences, a collection of 98 compounds was created, including multiple members with novel ring systems. The reactions leveraged in the construction of these compounds include novel ring cleavage, rearrangements, and cyclizations, and this work is highlighted by the discovery of a novel B‐ring cleavage reaction, a unique B/C‐ring rearrangement, an atypical D‐ring cyclization, among others. Computational analysis shows that 52 different scaffolds/ring systems were produced during the course of this work, of which 36 are unprecedented. Phenotypic screening and structure–activity relationships identified compounds with activity against a panel of cancer cell lines.
Highly Soluble Supertetrahedra upon Selective Partial Butylation of Chalcogenido Metalate Clusters in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Peters Bertram , Stuhrmann Gina , Mack Fabian , Weigend Florian , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSupertetrahedral clusters have been reported in two generally different types so far: one type possessing an organic ligand shell, no or low charges, and high solubility, while the other cluster type is ligand‐free with usually high charges and low or no solubility in common solvents. The latter is a tremendous disadvantage regarding further use of the clusters in solution. However, as organic substituents usually broaden the HOMO–LUMO gaps, which cannot be overcompensated by the (limited) cluster sizes, a full organic shielding comes along with drawbacks regarding opto‐electronic properties. We therefore sought to find a way of generating soluble clusters with a minimum number of organic substituents. Here, we present the synthesis and full characterization of two salts of [Sn10O4S16(SBu)4]4− that are high soluble in CH2Cl2 or CH3CN, which includes first NMR and mass spectra obtained from solutions of such salts with mostly inorganic supertetrahedral clusters. The optical absorption properties of this new class of compounds indicates nearly unaffected band gaps. The synthetic approach and the spectroscopic findings were rationalized and explained by means of high‐level quantum chemical studies.
Programmable Dynamic Shapes with a Swarm of Light‐Powered Colloidal Motors
Authors: Chen Meiling , Lin Zhihua , Xuan Mingjun , Lin Xiankun , Yang Mingcheng , Dai Luru , He Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report robust control over the dynamic assembly, disassembly, and reconfiguration of light‐activated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) colloidal motor swarms with features not possible in equilibrium systems. A photochemical reaction produces chemical gradients across the MoS2 colloidal motors to drive them to move. Under illumination of a gradient light, these colloidal motors display a positive phototactic motion. Mesoscale simulations prove that the self‐diffusiophoresis induced by the locally consumed oxygen gradient across MoS2 colloidal motors dominates the phototactic process. By programming the structured illumination, the collective migration and well‐defined shapes of colloidal motor swarms can be externally regulated. The successful realization of programmable swarm transformation of colloidal motors like the emergent behaviors of living systems in nature provides a direct proof‐of‐concept for active soft materials and systems, with adaptive and interactive functions.
Cucurbituril‐Encapsulating Metal–Organic Framework via Mechanochemistry: Adsorbents with Enhanced Performance
Authors: Liang Jun , Gvilava Vasily , Jansen Christian , Öztürk Secil , Spieß Alex , Lin Jingxiang , Xing Shanghua , Sun Yangyang , Wang Hao , Janiak Christoph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe first examples of monolithic crystalline host–guest hybrid materials are described. The reaction of 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) and Fe(NO3)3⋅9 H2O in the presence of decamethylcucurbit[5]uril ammonium chloride (MC5⋅2 NH4Cl⋅4 H2O) directly affords MC5@MIL‐100(Fe) hybrid monoliths featuring hierarchical micro‐, meso‐ and macropores. Particularly, this “bottle‐around‐ship” synthesis and one‐pot shaping are facilitated by a newly discovered Fe‐MC5 flowing gel formed by mechanochemistry. The designed MC5@MIL‐100(Fe) hybrid material with MC5 as active domains shows enhanced CH4and lead(II) uptake performance, and selective capture of lead(II) cations at low concentrations. This shows that host–guest hybrid materials can exhibit synergic properties that out‐perform materials based on individual components.
A Bubble‐Assisted Approach for Patterning Nanoscale Molecular Aggregates
Authors: Min Fanyi , Zhou Peng , Huang Zhandong , Qiao Yali , Yu Changhui , Qu Zhiyuan , Shi Xiaosong , Li Zheng , Jiang Lang , Zhang Zhen , Yan Xuehai , Song Yanlin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe demonstrate a new approach to pattern functional organic molecules with a template of foams, and achieve a resolution of sub 100 nm. The bubble‐assisted assembly (BAA) process is consisted of two periods, including bubble evolution and molecular assembly, which are dominated by the Laplace pressure and molecular interactions, respectively. Using TPPS (meso‐tetra(4‐sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin), we systematically investigate the patterns and assembly behaviour in the bubble system with a series of characterizations, which show good uniformity in nanoscale resolution. Theoretical simulations reveal that TPPS's J‐aggregates contribute to the ordered construction of molecular patterns. Finally, we propose an empirical rule for molecular patterning approach, that the surfactant and functional molecules should have the same type of charge in a two‐component system. This approach exhibits promising feasibility to assemble molecular patterns at nanoscale resolution for micro/nano functional devices.
Plastic Waste Conversion over a Refinery Waste Catalyst
Authors: Vollmer Ina , Jenks Michael J. F. , Mayorga González Rafael , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) makes up a large share of our plastic waste. We investigated the conversion of PP over the industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking catalyst (FCC‐cat) used to produce gasoline from crude oil fractions. We studied transport limitations arising from the larger size of polymers compared to the crude oil‐based feedstock by testing the components of this catalyst separately. Infrared spectroscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed the role of the FCC matrix in aromatization, and the zeolite Y domains in coking. An equilibrium catalyst (ECAT), discarded during FCC operation as waste, produced the same aromatics content as a fresh FCC‐cat, while coking decreased significantly, likely due to the reduced accessibility and activity of the zeolite domains and an enhanced cracking activity of the matrix due to metal deposits present in ECAT. This mechanistic understanding provides handles for further improving the catalyst composition towards higher aromatics selectivity.
Fabrication of halloysite nanotubes embedded thin film nanocomposite membranes for dye removal
Authors: Ormanci‐Acar Turkan , Keskin Basak , Korkut Sevde , Mutlu‐Salmanlı Oyku , Turken Turker , Koseoglu‐Imer Derya Y. , Demir Tugba U. , Menceloglu Yusuf Z. , Unal Serkan , Koyuncu Ismail 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEnvironmental friendly Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are used to fabricate novel nanofiltration membranes by in situ interfacial polymerization of piperazine and trimesoyl chloride. The removal of excess amine solution from the porous support membrane surface is a critical step to obtain defect free active layer. Hereby, two main removal tools for the excess aqueous amine solution; a rubber roll or air knife are compared to fabricate a defect free thin film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration (NF) membrane. Removal by the rubber roll is eventuated more favorable than air knife in terms of the reproducibility of NF membranes by comparing salt rejections. By determining the removal step of excess amines, various HNTs concentrations are used to fabricate NF membranes and, these membranes are tested with salt and dye solutions at various pH and temperature ranges. R2 membrane (containing 0.02% [w/v] HNTs) performs the best flux results beside higher rejections of MgSO4 (93.0%) and dye (99.5%). To evaluate the extreme conditionals, further performance tests such as pH and temperature resistance are also performed for R2 membrane. Considering the performances of R2 membrane, HNTs can be demonstrated for tailoring the balance between flux and separation performance of NF membranes.
Conventionally facile fabrication of mechanically robust waterborne polyurethane with self‐healing and photoluminescence
Authors: Lei Yuan , Wu Bo , Yuan Anqian , Lei Jingxin , Jiang Liang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is of much importance to synthesize waterborne polyurethane (WPUs) that simultaneously broaden the fields of applications and functions in a green strategy. In this paper, a novel class of WPUs were facilely prepared through the copolymerization between polytetrahydrofuran ether diol (PTMG), isophorone diisocyanate, and 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, which can achieve multiple functions of self‐healing and photoluminescence after incorporating carbon quantum dots (CQs) into the WPUs. The prepared WPUs emulsion showed uniform size distribution from 61.97 nm to171.3 nm with different PTMG molecular weights. Especially, the maximum tensile strength and elongation at break of the WPUs can reach up to 69.78 MPa and 1879.99%, showing superior mechanical performance. After fractured surfaces held contact for 12 h at elevated temperature, the self‐healing efficiency of the pristine WPUs can reach 21.39% for tensile strength and 24.79% for elongation at break. After adding CQs, the synthesized WPUs can also remain nearly the same tensile strength and elongation at break. Significantly, the self‐healing WPUs with CQs can emit a bright orange fluorescence under ultraviolet light, showing outstanding photoluminescence. This kind of designed material takes advantages of simple preparation, no release of organic solvents during use, nontoxicity and harmlessness.
Estrogen‐Induced hsa‐miR‐10b‐5p Is Elevated in T Cells From Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Down‐Regulates Serine/Arginine‐Rich Splicing Factor 1
Authors: Ramanujan Suruchi A. , Cravens Elena N. , Krishfield Suzanne M. , Kyttaris Vasileios C. , Moulton Vaishali R. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveAutoimmune diseases affect women disproportionately more than men. Estrogen is implicated in immune cell dysfunction, yet its precise molecular roles are not fully known. We recently identified new roles for serine/arginine‐rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) in T cell function and autoimmunity. SRSF1 levels are decreased in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are associated with active disease and comorbidity. However, the molecular mechanisms that control SRSF1 expression are unknown. Srsf1 messenger RNA (mRNA) has a long 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR), suggesting posttranscriptional control. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of estrogen and posttranscriptional mechanisms of SRSF1 regulation in T cells and SLE.MethodsIn silico bioinformatics analysis of Srsf1–3′‐UTR revealed multiple microRNA (miRNA; miR)–binding sites. Additional screening and literature searches narrowed down hsa‐miR‐10b‐5p for further study. Peripheral blood T cells from healthy individuals and SLE patients were evaluated for mRNA and miRNA expression by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and SRSF1 protein levels were assessed by immunoblotting. T cells were cultured with β‐estradiol, and transient transfections were used to overexpress miRNAs. Luciferase assays were used to measure 3′‐UTR activity.ResultsWe demonstrated that estrogen increased hsa‐miR‐10b‐5p expression in human T cells, and hsa‐miR‐10b‐5p down‐regulated SRSF1 protein expression. Mechanistically, hsa‐mir‐10b‐5p regulated SRSF1 posttranscriptionally via control of its 3′‐UTR activity. Importantly, hsa‐miR‐10b‐5p expression levels were elevated in T cells from healthy women compared to healthy men and also elevated in T cells from SLE patients.ConclusionWe identified a previously unrecognized molecular link between estrogen and gene regulation in immune cells, with potential relevance to systemic autoimmune disease.
Influence of mixing height and atmospheric stability conditions on correlation of NO2 columns and surface concentrations in a Mexico‐United States border region
Authors: Flores‐Jiménez David E. , García‐Cueto O. Rafael , Santillán‐Soto Néstor , López‐Velázquez J. Ernesto , Camargo‐Bravo Adriana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective was to analyze how representative tropospheric NO2 column densities are of surface NO2 measurements under different atmospheric stability conditions in the air basin of two border cities: Calexico, United States, and Mexicali, Mexico. NO2 columns were measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the NASA Aura satellite. NO2 concentrations and meteorological parameters were also measured on the surface for comparison. Specifically, the correlations between OMI and surface NO2 concentrations under different atmospheric stability conditions according to the Pasquill‐Gifford (P‐G) and Monin‐Obukhov (M‐O) classification schemes were determined for 2017 and 2018. During the passage of the satellite through the study area (11:00–13:00 UTC−8), unstable conditions were documented in both years. Good correlation was found between the surface NO2 and OMI NO2 column observations in the second semester of each year, particularly under unstable conditions as diagnosed by the P‐G and M‐O schemes applied in the first and second year, respectively. However, a weakening of these conditions occurs during the autumn–winter period. In both cases, the highest determination coefficients were found for Calexico, with values of 0.48 and 0.36 in 2017 and 2018, respectively; for Mexicali, the determination coefficients were 0.23 and 0.35, respectively. Under each atmospheric stability scheme, the mechanical and convective turbulence caused a decreasing trend in wind speed and solar radiation over the course of second semester of 2017 and in friction velocity, temperature, and sensible heat flux over the course of the same period for 2018. The negative trend of these parameters during the analyzed time frames helped to reduce the influence of unstable atmospheric conditions, favoring better correlations between satellite and surface NO2 measurements. The methodology applied and results obtained herein can enable us to better understand the representativeness of OMI NO2 data in arid border zones with extreme meteorological conditions.
High‐Energy Nickel‐Cobalt‐Aluminium Oxide (NCA) Cells on Idle: Anode‐ versus Cathode‐Driven Side Reactions
Authors: Zülke Alana , Li Yi , Keil Peter , Burrell Robert , Belaisch Sacha , Nagarathinam Mangayarkarasi , Mercer Michael P. , Hoster Harry E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Harry Hoster at Lancaster University. The cover picture illustrates how state of charge (SoC) influences the capacity fade of a widely employed automotive Li‐ion battery chemistry when idle, e.g. when EVs are parked. The chemical degradation is revealed to be aggravated when devices are kept at around 80 % SoC. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/batt.202100046.
Identification of Environmental and Experimental Factors Influencing Human Perception of DC and AC Electric Fields
Authors: Jankowiak Kathrin , Driessen Sarah , Kaifie Andrea , Kimpeler Simon , Krampert Thomas , Kraus Thomas , Stunder Dominik , Kursawe Michael 
Published: May 2021

As part of the energy transition in Germany, high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) lines producing DC electric fields (EF) are in planning. Since the human perception of DC EF was rarely investigated in the past, we aimed to identify environmental and experimental factors influencing the human perception of direct current (DC) EF, alternating current (AC) EF, and the co‐exposure of DC EF and AC EF (hybrid EF) under whole‐body exposure. Additionally, first estimates of DC EF and AC EF perception thresholds as well as differences in human perception of DC EF and AC EF concerning the type of sensation experienced and the affected body part were evaluated. A highly sophisticated exposure lab was built to expose participants to various EF strengths and ask for their assessment concerning the presence of an EF. To estimate the individual perception thresholds of 11 participants, the signal detection theory as well as the single‐interval‐adjustment matrix procedure were applied. Relative humidity could be identified as an environmental factor influencing the perception of AC EF and DC EF in different ways. An appropriate ramp slope and an exposure duration for future studies could be elaborated. Additionally, perception thresholds were lower under hybrid EF exposure than under DC EF or AC EF exposure alone. Cutaneous sensations evoked under DC EF and AC EF exposure were individually different and attributed to various parts of the body. Several environmental and experimental factors influencing the human perception of EF could be identified and provide an essential basis for a large‐scale study. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
One‐pot synthesis of fluorescent nitrogen and sulfur–carbon quantum dots as a sensitive nanosensor for trimetazidine determination
Authors: Belal Fathalla , Mabrouk Mokhtar , Hammad Sherin , Barseem Aya , Ahmed Hytham 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWater‐soluble and highly stable N,S‐doped CQDs (N,S‐CQDs) were synthesized using a low‐cost strategy with citric acid and thiosemicarbazide in one step for use as a fluorescent nanosensor. The achieved N,S‐CQDs produced strong emission at 446 nm upon excitation at 370 nm and a high quantum yield of 58.5%. The quenching effect on the prepared N,S‐CQDs was utilized for determination of trimetazidine (TMZ) spectrofluorimetrically over a wide linear range 0.04–0.5 μM (0.0106–0.133 μg ml−1) and a low limit of detection of 0.01 μM (0.002 μg ml−1). Furthermore, CDs were used as a simple and rapid fluorescent probe to determine TMZ in its pharmaceutical formulations as well as in human plasma. The method was tested in compliance with International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. The results obtained were compared statistically with those given for a reported method showing no significant variation regards accuracy and precision.