bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El TERCE en Panamá: una mirada a los logros de aprendizaje y factores asociados
Authors: Jackson Daysi , Arrocha Rosa , Estrella Jaime 
Published: January 2021

Este artículo muestra los resultados de Panamá de un estudio mixto, que en su etapa inicial utilizó los datos generados por el Tercer Estudio Regional Comparativo Explicativo (TERCE) llevado a cabo por el Laboratorio Latinoamericano de Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación (LLECE) de la UNESCO. Nuestra investigación muestra los resultados promedios de las pruebas, los niveles de desempeño y factores asociados. Se cuantificó el efecto de las escuelas en la variabilidad de los logros de aprendizaje, a través de un modelo regresión multinivel. Se estudió la asociación entre el logro de aprendizaje y las características de estudiantes, docentes y directores, mediante el Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson para las variables cuantitativas, mientras que para las variables cualitativas se empleó el Coeficiente de Gamma. En relación a los factores asociados, a nivel de alumno, los de incidencia negativa fueron repitencia y si el alumno trabaja. En contraste, los de incidencia positiva fueron tener libros y cuadernos, la motivación de los maestros hacia sus alumnos de continuar estudiando y la explicación que el maestro da a sus alumnos en clase. El estudio permitió hacer algunas recomendaciones para mejorar el aprendizaje efectivo en Panamá.
Revisión literaria e histórica de medidas de complejidad de proyectos y desempeño de proyectos
Authors: Polo Ábrego Héctor , Palma Yarissa 
Published: January 2021

Esta revisión literaria es una indagación acerca de metodologías de medición del desempeño y complejidad de los proyectos, que evidencia la no existencia de una comparación entre ambas mediciones bajo la definición estándar de desempeño. Se establece la diferencia entre las metodologías holísticas o cualitativas, y aquellas basadas en la teoría de grafos aplicada, y se exploran las variaciones y tendencias actuales de mediciones del desempeño y el éxito de los proyectos, llevándonos a reevaluar definiciones de los conceptos investigados y apreciar las ventajas que resultan en utilizar los métodos basados en la teoría de grafos aplicada. Se concluye que los cronogramas de obra pueden, de estar bien realizados, ser utilizados como base para la medición de la complejidad de proyectos.
The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS): A case report in an infant
Authors: Surani Muhammad Khalil , Noureen Asia , Khizar Umair , Tabasum Summera 
Published: January 2021

Background: Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital disease having an incidence of 1/20-40,000, live births. KTS is a congenital, vascular disorder affecting usually one or rarely more than one limbs. It is characterized by port wine stain (capillary malformation), limb hemihypertrophy and other vascular anomalies.
Case presentation: We present a case of this rare disorder in an infant who presented at an early stage of this disorder. The index case presented to us with a port wine stain and soft tissue edema of right lower limb. The Doppler scan showed venous malformation of right leg. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and radiological criteria.
Conclusion: The case is being reported in order to increase awareness among medical professionals.
E-Learning amid COVID-19 Pandemic: An Experience by medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Rizwana , Zeb Shazia , Yasmeen Sumaira , Umar Muhammad , Asghar Rai Muhammad , Hafeez Yumna 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of e-learning and hurdles confronted to the undergraduate medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University in continuation of academics during COVID-19 pandemic.
Subjects & Methods: A survey was carried out during July 2020 to scrutinize the experience of 1041 medical students enrolled at Rawalpindi Medical University regarding their academic experience through Microsoft Teams. A self- structured questionnaire was digitally administered for this purpose to gather their responses about academic coverage, prior intimation about the lecture topic, opportunities for interaction with teachers, internet connectivity and various teaching methods employed by the teachers and recommendations for improvement. The data was analyzed by means of SPSS version 25.0. Percentages were computed for responses on all the variables.
Results: Total 1041 medical students gave feedback regarding their e-learning through Microsoft Teams. Theoretical aspect coverage, prior intimation of topic to be covered and student-teacher interaction during online classes were satisfactory according to 68%, 85% and 61% of students respectively. About 70% respondents claimed frequent internet connectivity issues during e-learning while 63% found Microsoft Teams interface incompatible. Broad band internet connection at home was available to only 60.10% students. Most (25%) students wanted improvement in software for smooth execution of their e-learning.
Conclusion: Although online learning proved as blessing in disguise amid COVID-19 pandemic but being new experience for both students and teachers some problems were faced that can easily be rectified.
Comparison of Endoscopic Tympanoplasty with Microscopic Tympanoplasty
Authors: Qureshi Nausheen , Baig Muhammad Musharaf , Parvez Misbah , Masood Sundas , Afzal Memoona 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Minimally invasive surgery has recently been developed along with endoscopic techniques. Endoscopic Ear Surgery is becoming popular with its anatomic and physiologic concepts. Tympanoplasty is one of the commonest operations performed for the middle ear. While using the endoscope we can place the graft accurately while avoiding unnecessary post or endaural incision and soft tissue dissections which are mandatory during tympanoplasty using a microscope. Our study was aimed to compare the outcomes of endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty in terms of graft uptake, hearing outcome and postoperative pain.
Methods:
This is a retrospective comparative study of 63 patients who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty at Holy Family Hospital ENT Department from March 2017 to March 2020. The subjects were classified into 2 groups; Endoscopic tympanoplasty (ET, n=30), Microscopic Tympanoplasty (MT, n=33). Type 1 Tympanoplasty, was the procedure done on patients of both the groups.
Demographic data, perforation size of the tympanic membrane at preoperative state, pure tone audiometric results preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively, operation time, sequential postoperative pain scale (NRS-11), and graft success rate were evaluated.
Results :
The perforation size of the tympanic membrane in the Endoscopic group and the microscopic group was nearly the same (p=.877). Pre and post-operative air-bone gaps including air and bone conduction thresholds were not significantly different between the two groups. The graft success rate in the endoscopic and Microscopic group was 93.3% and 63.3% respectively; the values were significantly different(p=0.0046). Immediate and 6 hours postoperative pain was similar in both the groups, however pain on ist postoperative day was significantly lower in the endoscopic group.
Conclusion:
We can do minimal invasive tympanoplasty with the help of endoscopes with better graft success rate, less preoperative time, and less postoperative pain.
Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella typhi XDR Infection at Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals
Authors: Izhar Kausar , Ahmed Kiran , Rehan Maryyam , Umar Muhammad , Ikram Nadeem , Akhter Naeem 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella typhi (XDR) in RMU Allied Hospitals.
Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.
Material and Methods: It is a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted at RMU Allied Hospitals from January 2019–December 2019. Blood culture samples were received in the pathology lab, they were collected by simple random sampling and processed by conventional incubation. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was done on Muller Hinton agar using modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and antibiotic zone diameters were measured according to CLSI guidelines.
Results: Out of the total 8045 cultures, 911 (11%) showed growth, among which 179 (20%) were Salmonella typhi and 135 (15%) XDR Salmonella. Meropenem revealed the highest sensitivity, Chloramphenicol, and Augmentin revealed the highest resistance.
Conclusion: Blood culture results revealed Salmonella typhi 20% with a significant number of XDR Salmonella 15%. Antibiotics susceptibility pattern exhibits Meropenem and Azithromycin as the only antibiotics for XDR Salmonella. Salmonella typhi infection has a significantly high prevalence among children as compared to adults. (p=0.0017) Injudicious use of antibiotics is one of the important aspects of the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella.
Role of Oxidative Stress in various stages of Psoriasis
Authors: Khan Fearoz , Ahmed Zahoor , Ishaq Hajira , Khan Sadia Azam , Iqbal Mohammad , Ahmad Mohammad Tayyab 
Published: January 2021

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory, immune mediated, provocative and challenging skin condition. It is a non-contagious but debilitating disease and a leading cause of socioeconomic burden on the health system.
Objective: To evaluate the role of antioxidant levels, lipid peroxidation status and lipid profile in the etiology and degree of severity of psoriatic illness among psoriasis patients presenting in Dermatology department.
Study Design: This study was carried out as a retrospective case control study.
Place and duration of Study: It was carried out by the Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Institute (BMSI) in collaboration with Departmnt of Biochemistry, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar and Department of Skin and Venereal disease, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC) Karachi.
Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty cases (n=130) of already diagnosed psoriasis patients were randommely and fifty healthy matched controls (n=50) of the same age and gender were included from the general population for comparison. Lipid profile including serum total cholesterol, TG, HDL-c and LDL-c levels were measured by enzyme colorimetric analysis on Micro Lab 300 (Merck & Germany). Antioxidant status SOD and lipid peroxidation status MDA were measured by ELISA technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software Version 16. In this analysis, a “p” value of less than 0.05 was considered to be significant.
Results: The study showed significantly elevated levels of MDA, serum TG, total cholesterol and LDL-c levels in psoriatic patients in comparison with controls, whereas SOD levels and HDL-c levels were found to be significantly lower in psoriatic patients as compared to normal healthy matched controls.
Conclusion: The findings of this study support the hypothesis that an imbalance in oxidant-antioxidant system may play a role in the etiology of psoriasis and the degree of severity of its presentation. The study also concluded that dyslipidemia was an observed risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases in psoriatic patients..
A comparative study to evaluate effects on HCV-RNA-PCR by current oral anti-viral therapy with Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in Hepatitis C patients with and without Diabetes Melitis in Pakistan
Authors: Rauf Kashif , Dogar Zahoor Ul Hasan , Afzal Adnan , Hussain Fawad , Warraich Sikander Hayat , Zaheer Kashif 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the effects of antiviral therapy such as sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in HCV patients which were diagnosed by HCV-RNA PCR without Diabetes Melitis.
Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study
Inclusion Criteria: HCV Positive patients after PCR test conformation between 20-75 years age.
Methodology: In this cross-sectional analysis total of 100 Hepatitis c infected patients selected, Sofosbuvir plus Daclatasvir treatment given for 03 months period. Different parameters were recorded such as Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, Indirect Bilirubin, Hb levels, Serum ALT levels, and Serum ALP level. The statistical relation of the mentioned variables was analyzed through SPSS version 15.
Results: Out of a total of 100 patients, 47% (47) were males, 53% (53) were females, 44% (44) patients had a history of prior interferon therapy, 23% (23) patients were having low hemoglobin levels before starting treatment. Both groups completed oral antiviral treatment for 12 weeks & resulting data showed the equality of treatment on group B and group A as no decrease in hemoglobin (p=0.799), ALT normalization (p=1.000) & no rise in serum bilirubin (p=0.817) during 1st month of treatment was noted in both groups while the SVR noted of both groups also showed no significant difference to each other i.e. 92% & 94 % (p=0.696).
Conclusion: This study concluded to monitor the anti-viral drug response against HCV patients.
Percutaneous Pinning of Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Naidu Sanjiv H , Bixler Brian , Capo John T , Moulton Mark J R , Radin Alex 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Mechanical testing of two-part surgical neck fractures fixed with four different pin configurations was performed. Ten fresh, frozen, unembalmed humeri stripped of all soft tissues were used; the surgical neck was osteotomized perpendicular to the humerus long axis. Terminally threaded 2.5-mm AO pins were used to fix the fracture. Humeri then were tested in both torsion and bending on a custom-made jig using lnstron 1 331 to assess the rigidity of pinning constructs. In torsion, two lateral pin construct was significantly less rigid than all other pin configurations. The addition of an anterior pin to two lateral pins did not increase bending rigidity, but significantly increased torsional stiffness. The addition of two bicortical tuberosity pins or two bicortical tuberosity pins and one anterior pin to two lateral pins significantly increased rotational and bending rigidity. Results confirm clinical data, and the authors conclude that multiplanar pins are needed to augment torsional stiffness, and that the addition of two bicortical tuberosity pins enhances bending rigidity.
Arthroscopic Treatment of a PCL Avulsion Fracture in a Skeletally Immature Patient
Authors: Kwon Oh Soo , Park Min Jung , Kelly John D. 
Published: January 2021

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsions from the tibial attachment site in children are rare. Six cases have been reported in the English literature since 1975. Osteochondral avulsions of the PCL can be easily missed on plain radiographs in skeletally immature patients because of the rarity of these injuries and open proximal tibial physis. To properly recognize and treat the condition, careful physical examination and adequate imaging studies are crucial. Few case reports demonstrate successful surgical treatment of the injury using screw fixation.
This article presents a case of a 13-year-old girl with tibial avulsion of the PCL treated by arthroscopic reduction and pull-out suture, sparing the epiphyseal plate using a posterior transseptal portal. The proximal substance of the avulsed PCL was grasped with a suture hook introduced from posterolateral to posteromedial rather than through the small, fragmented bony portion. The suture material was passed and retrieved through the bony tunnel from posterior to anterior above the epiphyseal plate.
Although it has not been proven yet in terms of biomechanical benefit, we believe this alternative treatment to PCL avulsion injuries in skeletally immature patients will provide sufficient strength to maintain ligament tension during the healing process and avoid physeal injury.
Mild hypothermia with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass and short-term outcomes in children with congenital heart defects
Authors: Bhalala Utpal S , Awadhare Pranali , Thangavelu Malarvizhi , Owens Richard , Zamora Maria , Nento Daniel , Appachi Elumalai , Mumtaz Muhammad A 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Among the known risk factors for children undergoing surgery for congenital heart defect (CHD), temperature and blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), are two risk factors, which may be altered to improve outcomes. Moderate - to - deep hypothermia (MDH), traditionally used, has been associated with short/long-term neurologic sequelae, so there is a move towards mild hypothermia (MH) with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP).

Aims and Objectives:
To assess feasibility of mild hypothermia with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass as a cardiopulmonary bypass strategy in neonates and infants undergoing surgery for congenital heart defect.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of neonates and infants who underwent SACP on CPB during CHD surgery at our tertiary care children's hospital between January 2014 and February 2017. We categorized all the patients into 2 groups - MH + SACP or MDH + SACP. We gathered data on preoperative, intra-operative and post-operative parameters. We analyzed comparative data using student t-test and chi-squared test with a significant p-value < 0.05.

Results:
There were 6 in the MH + SACP group and 7 in the MDH + SACP group, who underwent SACP on CPB during study period at our children's hospital. All the neonates and infants in the MH + SACP group survived at the hospital discharge with favorable neurologic outcomes. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for end organ dysfunction, ventilator days, hospital days, ICU and hospital mortality and PCPC/POPC at hospital discharge.

Conclusions:
Mild hypothermia with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass is a feasible cardiopulmonary bypass strategy in neonates and infants undergoing surgery for congenital heart defect.
A Prospective Observational Study Comparing Effects of Call Schedules on Surgical Resident Sleep and Physical Activity Using the Fitbit
Authors: Kelly-Schuette Kathrine , Shaker Tamer , Carroll Joseph , Davis Alan T. , Wright G. Paul , Chung Mathew 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Surgical residency training has an extended tradition of long hours. Residency programs use a variety of call schedules to combat resident fatigue and sleep deprivation while maintaining adherence to duty hour restrictions. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of data regarding objective measurements of sleep during the different call schedules included in general surgery training.

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to compare the quantity of sleep in 24-hour time frames across all types of shifts worked by general surgery residents at our institution. The secondary objective was to measure activity level in total steps during various time frames.

Methods
This prospective observational study was performed between April 4 and August 26, 2018, with general surgery residents. Each resident was assigned a Fitbit Charge 2 to wear during all rotations, including general surgery and subspecialty services.

Results
Twenty-six out of 31 residents voluntarily participated in the study (84%). In-house call (IHC) had significantly less sleep in a 24-hour time frame than home call and night float (144 vs 283 vs 246 minutes, P &lt; .001 and P &lt; .028). IHC had significantly more steps than home call (11 245 vs 8756 steps, P = .039). The smallest number of steps was obtained when residents were not working (7904 steps).

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that surgical residents on IHC have significantly less sleep compared to all other types of on-call time frames. Residents on IHC have the most steps across all time frames.
As influências do PIBID sobre a formação inicial e a prática docente na educação básica, nos cursos de licenciatura presenciais na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Ramos Rafael Nagy , Zandavalli Carla Busato 
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste estudo, de abordagem qualitativa (BIKLEN; BOGDAN, 2013), foi o de analisar as influências do PIBID sobre a formação inicial e a prática docente na educação básica, nos cursos de licenciatura presenciais na UFMS, no período de 2009 a 2018. Para a execução da pesquisa, foram realizadas três etapas que abrangeram: a fase bibliográfica e exploratória, que consistiu no balanço bibliográfico em bases de indexação da produção científica nacional e no levantamento de informações sobre os participantes do programa; a fase da coleta em campo, por meio da disponibilização de questionários online com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha e a terceira fase, em que houve tratamento estatístico dos resultados sobre o perfil dos respondentes e uso da metodologia de análise de conteúdo, na perspectiva de Bardin (2016), para análise das informações sobre o PIBID. As principais categorias identificadas acerca do programa foram: relação teoria-prática; formação; oportunidade; conhecimento; importância; inovação e identidade profissional. O programa, segundo os respondentes, proporciona formação da identidade profissional docente, maior fluxo de informações entre as instituições de ensino superior (IES) e a escola, além de representar uma oportunidade de crescimento acadêmico. Concluiu-se que, na percepção dos participantes, há o reconhecimento da importância do programa, especialmente quanto às suas contribuições para a melhoria da formação inicial, construção da identidade docente e valorização do magistério.
Migração, trabalho e escolarização de jovens em diferentes percursos escolares
Authors: Vendramini Célia Regina , Cataño Hoyos Claudia Janet , Queiroz Janaina Gulart Oliveira de , Pereira Larissa Livramento 
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a relação entre migração, trabalho e escolarização de jovens em diferentes percursos escolares. Observamos entre os jovens migrantes um percurso escolar irregular e sujeito a interrupções, dada a dificuldade de conciliar estudo e trabalho, as mudanças em meio ao período letivo, a rotatividade de escolas, as dificuldades de adaptação, entre outras. A pesquisa que sustenta as análises está sendo desenvolvida na cidade de Florianópolis, estado de Santa Catarina, local que tem recebido um grande fluxo de migrantes, especialmente de outros estados do país. A estratégia metodológica foi integrada por técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas de geração de dados, tais como questionários, grupos focais e análises de documentos em três espaços de pesquisa, nos quais abordamos a relação dos jovens migrantes com o trabalho e a escola: Escola de ensino médio regular - pesquisa com estudantes que frequentam o ensino médio diurno e noturno; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - pesquisa com trabalhadores temporários da construção civil, os quais apresentam baixa escolarização e interromperam os estudos; Núcleos de Educação de Jovens e Adultos - pesquisa com estudantes que buscam retomar o processo de escolarização. Conclui-se que a migração da classe trabalhadora é um fenômeno intrínseco aos processos de expropriação e exploração da sociedade moderna, que o percurso escolar dos jovens migrantes encontra-se determinado pelo trabalho e caracteriza-se pela permanente tensão entre expulsão e integração.