bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Surgical and Medical Treatment for Vancouver B1 and C Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures: A Proposal of a Therapeutic Algorithm While Retaining the Original Stable Stem
Authors: Mondanelli Nicola , Troiano Elisa , Facchini Andrea , Cesari Martina , Colasanti Giovanni Battista , Bottai Vanna , Muratori Francesco , Caffarelli Carla , Gonnelli Stefano , Giannotti Stefano 
Published: December 2021

Introduction There is lack of consensus regarding best operative fixation strategy for periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) around a stable stem. Evidence exists that some patterns of fracture around a stable stem are better treated with revision surgery than with standard fixation. Anyway, a more aggressive surgical procedure together with medical treatment could allow for stem retention, and reduced risk of nonunion/hardware failure, even in these cases. Significance This paper is placed in a broader context of lack of studies on the matter, and its aim is to shed some light on the management of PFFs around a stable stem, when peculiar mechanical and biological aspects are present. Results Based on our casuistry in the treatment of nonunions after PFF successfully treated with original stem retention, and on review of Literature about risk factors for fixation failure, an algorithm is proposed that can guide in choosing the ideal surgical technique even for first-time PFFs with a stable stem, without resorting to revision. Mechanical (major and minor) and biological (local and systemic) factors that may influence fracture healing, leading to nonunion and hardware failure, and subsequent need for re-operation, are considered. The proposed surgical technique consists of rigid fixation with absolute stability (using a plate and structural allograft) plus local biological support (structural allograft and autologous bone marrow concentrate over a platelet-rich plasma-based scaffold) at fracture site. Systemic anabolic treatment (Teriparatide) is also administered in the post-operative period. Conclusion Mechanical factors are not the only issues to be considered when choosing the surgical approach to PFFs over a stable stem. Systemic and local biological conditions should be taken into account, as well. A therapeutic algorithm is proposed, given the prosthetic stem to be stable, considering mechanical and biological criteria.
Who Needs Diabetes Education? A Qualitative Analysis of Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Porter Margot E. , Litchman Michelle L. , Grigorian Ernest G. , Blanchette Julia E. , Allen Nancy A. 
Published: December 2021

Background The purpose of this study is to explore the diabetes self-management education (DSME) needs of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) because addressing these needs may facilitate optimal glycemic management during this challenging transitional period. Methods A hybrid qualitative design was utilized. Emerging adults and parents of emerging adults were recruited from endocrinology and primary care clinics and through a Utah-specific T1DM online community. Interviews were conducted to asses needs to achieve target A1C. Data were interpreted thematically. Results Emerging adults with T1DM (N = 33) and parents of emerging adults with T1DM (N = 17) were interviewed. Three main themes emerged: (1) mixed desire for personal DSME; (2) I don’t need the education, others do; and (3) health care provider (HCP) attributes that make a difference. Associated subthemes were reported. Conclusions Emerging adults reported that further education for themselves was not needed, although newly diagnosed individuals would benefit from increased training in diabetes management. Although many emerging adults had a supportive social network, they endorsed the need for greater public education to avoid diabetes misinformation. Emerging adults felt more connected with HCPs that had diabetes-specific training (ie, endocrinologist) or those who personally live with T1DM.
Epigenetic marker of telomeric age is associated with exacerbations and hospitalizations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Hernández Cordero Ana I. , Yang Chen Xi , Li Xuan , Milne Stephen , Chen Virginia , Hollander Zsuzsanna , Ng Raymond , Criner Gerard J. , Woodruff Prescott G. , Lazarus Stephen C. , Connett John E. , Han MeiLan K. , Martinez Fernando J. , Reed Robert M. , Man S. F. Paul , Leung Janice M. , Sin Don D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an age-related condition that has been associated with early telomere attrition; the clinical implications of telomere shortening in COPD are not well known. In this study we aimed to determine the relationship of the epigenetic regulation of telomeric length in peripheral blood with the risk of exacerbations and hospitalization in patients with COPD.

Methods
Blood DNA methylation profiles were obtained from 292 patients with COPD enrolled in the placebo arm of the Macrolide Azithromycin to Prevent Rapid Worsening of Symptoms Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (MACRO) Study and who were followed for 1-year. We calculated telomere length based on DNA methylation markers (DNAmTL) and related this biomarker to the risk of exacerbation and hospitalization and health status (St. George Respiratory Questionnaire [SGRQ]) score over time using a Cox proportional hazards model. We also used linear models to investigate the associations of DNAmTL with the rates of exacerbation and hospitalization (adjusted for chronological age, lung function, race, sex, smoking, body mass index and cell composition).

Results
Participants with short DNAmTL demonstrated increased risk of exacerbation (P = 0.02) and hospitalization (P = 0.03) compared to those with longer DNAmTL. DNAmTL age acceleration was associated with higher rates of exacerbation (P = 1.35 × 10–04) and hospitalization (P = 5.21 × 10–03) and poor health status (lower SGRQ scores) independent of chronological age (P = 0.03).

Conclusion
Telomeric age based on blood DNA methylation is associated with COPD exacerbation and hospitalization and thus a promising biomarker for poor outcomes in COPD.
Prognostic biomarker SMARCC1 and its association with immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cai Xiaopeng , Zhou Jiaming , Deng Jingwen , Chen Zhi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Epigenetic alterations contribute greatly to metastasis and dissemination in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SMARCC1, as a SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling factor, has been reported to play important roles in many cancers. For the first time, with the bioinformatics analysis and wet-bench experiments, we explored the biological significance of SMARCC1 and its potential as putative therapeutic target in HCC.

Methods
The mRNA expression profiles and prognostic value of SMARCC1 were analyzed in the Oncomine, UALCAN and Kaplan–Meier Plotter databases. The expression of SMARCC1 and associated clinicopathological factors were further evaluated using a tissue microarray. Differentially expressed genes associated with SMARCC1 in HCC were obtained and analyzed via the LinkedOmics and GEPIA databases and Cytoscape software. To verify the important role of SMARCC1 in HCC, we knocked down and overexpressed SMARCC1 in different hepatic cell lines and conducted several functional experiments. Then, we evaluated the mutation profiles and transcriptional regulators of SMARCC1 using the cBioPortal, COSMIC, CistromeDB and TCGA databases. Finally, we addressed the relationship of SMARCC1 expression with immune cell infiltration via TIMER database analysis.

Results
Through data mining and tissue microarray verification, we found that the protein and mRNA levels of SMARCC1 are high in tumor tissues, which has remarkable diagnostic value in HCC patients. SMARCC1 and its hub genes showed prognostic value in HCC. Furthermore, we confirmed that SMARCC1 influenced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Moreover, correlation analyses revealed that SMARCC1 expression was positively correlated with ZBTB40 transcription factors and negatively correlated with the DNA methylation level. Overall, we found that SMARCC1 affects immune infiltration and plays a tumor-promoting role in HCC.

Conclusions
SMARCC1 is overexpressed and is a putative prognostic predictor in HCC. Due to the tumor-promoting role of SMARCC1, treatments inhibiting DNA methyltransferases and transcription factors or weakening the role of SMARCC1 in immune infiltration might improve the survival of HCC patients.
Reasons for admission and variance of body weight at referral in female inpatients with anorexia nervosa in Germany
Authors: Peters Triinu , Kolar David , Föcker Manuel , Bühren Katharina , Dahmen Brigitte , Becker Katja , Weber Linda , Correll Christoph U. , Jaite Charlotte , Egberts Karin M. , Romanos Marcel , Ehrlich Stefan , Seidel Maria , Roessner Veit , Fleischhaker Christian , von Gontard Alexander , Hahn Freia , Huss Michael , Kaess Michael , Legenbauer Tanja , Renner Tobias J. , Schulze Ulrike M. E. , Sinzig Judith , Wessing Ida , Antony Gisela , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Gradl-Dietsch Gertraud , Hebebrand Johannes 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Body mass index (BMI) at hospital admission in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) represents a prognostic marker for mortality, chronicity and future body weight. The current study focused on the associations between BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) at admission and reasons for seeking inpatient treatment. Further interest was given to the relationship between premorbid weight and weight at admission, as well as the effect of both weight at referral and reasons for admission on treatment outcome.

Methods
Data ascertained in the German Register of Children and Adolescents with AN were analysed to assess the parental and patient overlap for 23 predefined reasons for admission, using factor analyses and regressions models.

Results
Complete parent-patient data sets were available for 360 patients out of 769. The highest consensus rates between parents and patients were obtained for weight and eating behavior related reasons and hyperactivity. Based on factor analysis, four factors emerged. Premorbid BMI-SDS, age and ‘low body weight’ as stated by patients or parents explained almost 40% of the variance of the BMI-SDS at admission.

Conclusions
Results underscore the relevance of age and premorbid BMI for BMI at admission. Only single reasons for admission explained further variance, with ‘low body weight’ having the largest effect. Approximately 40% of the variance of BMI-SDS was explained. For the first time, the effect of premorbid BMI for BMI at admission was robustly demonstrated in a multicenter study. Of the variance in BMI-SDS at discharge, our model could explain 37%, with reasons for admission having a small effect. Further investigation of the reasons for admission would be worthwhile to improve treatment and prognosis.
Animal carcass burial management: implications for sustainable biochar use
Authors: Vithanage Meththika , Mayakaduwage S. S. , Gunarathne Viraj , Rajapaksha Anushka Upamali , Ahmad Mahtab , Abduljabbar Adel , Usman Adel , Al-Wabel Mohammad I. , Ippolito James A. , Ok Yong Sik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis review focuses on existing technologies for carcass and corpse disposal and potential alternative treatment strategies. Furthermore, key issues related to these treatments (e.g., carcass and corpse disposal events, available methods, performances, and limitations) are addressed in conjunction with associated environmental impacts. Simultaneously, various treatment technologies have been evaluated to provide insights into the adsorptive removal of specific pollutants derived from carcass disposal and management. In this regard, it has been proposed that a low-cost pollutant sorbent may be utilized, namely, biochar. Biochar has demonstrated the ability to remove (in)organic pollutants and excess nutrients from soils and waters; thus, we identify possible biochar uses for soil and water remediation at carcass and corpse disposal sites. To date, however, little emphasis has been placed on potential biochar use to manage such disposal sites. We highlight the need for strategic efforts to accurately assess biochar effectiveness when applied towards the remediation of complex pollutants produced and circulated within carcass and corpse burial systems.
Graphical Abstract
Air-pollution prediction in smart city, deep learning approach
Authors: Bekkar Abdellatif , Hssina Badr , Douzi Samira , Douzi Khadija 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver the past few decades, due to human activities, industrialization, and urbanization, air pollution has become a life-threatening factor in many countries around the world. Among air pollutants, Particulate Matter with a diameter of less than $$2.5 \mu m$$

2.5
μ
m

($$PM_{2.5}$$

P

M

2.5

) is a serious health problem. It causes various illnesses such as respiratory tract and cardiovascular diseases. Hence, it is necessary to accurately predict the $$PM_{2.5}$$

P

M

2.5

concentrations in order to prevent the citizens from the dangerous impact of air pollution beforehand. The variation of $$PM_{2.5}$$

P

M

2.5

depends on a variety of factors, such as meteorology and the concentration of other pollutants in urban areas. In this paper, we implemented a deep learning solution to predict the hourly forecast of $$PM_{2.5}$$

P

M

2.5

concentration in Beijing, China, based on CNN-LSTM, with a spatial-temporal feature by combining historical data of pollutants, meteorological data, and $$PM_{2.5}$$

P

M

2.5

concentration in the adjacent stations. We examined the difference in performances among Deep learning algorithms such as LSTM, Bi-LSTM, GRU, Bi-GRU, CNN, and a hybrid CNN-LSTM model. Experimental results indicate that our method “hybrid CNN-LSTM multivariate” enables more accurate predictions than all the listed traditional models and performs better in predictive performance.
Barriers and Facilitators to Integrating Clinical Breast Examinations With Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Outpatient Clinics in Western Kenya
Authors: Diala Prisca C. , Randa Magdalene , Odhiambo Jackline , Ganda Gregory , Cohen Craig R. , Mungo Chemtai 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE Nearly half of Kenyan women with breast cancer present with advanced disease—owing partially to limited patient education and screening limitations in low- and middle-income countries. With increasing access to nurse-led cervical cancer screening (CCS) in government clinics in Kenya, we investigated provider-perceived barriers and facilitators to integrating clinical breast examinations (CBEs) with ongoing CCS programs in Kisumu County, Kenya. METHODS CCS providers within the Ministry of Health Clinics in Kisumu County, Kenya, were recruited to participate in a two-phase, sequential, mixed methods study. Knowledge of CBE guidelines was assessed with a questionnaire. Providers with significant CCS and CBE experience then completed a one-on-one interview discussing barriers and facilitators to integration. RESULTS Sixty-nine providers from 20 randomly selected facilities participated in the survey. Providers all agreed that breast cancer screening was very important. Although 93% said that they routinely offered CBEs, only 22% of these providers screened at least eight of their last 10 patients. Forty-four percent identified four or more of five signs and symptoms of breast cancer, and 33% identified four to five risk factors. Although providers showed enthusiasm for integration of CBEs into their practices, barriers were identified and grouped into four themes: (1) fragmentation of services, (2) staffing shortage and inadequate on-the-job training, (3) limited space and referral system challenges, and (4) limited patient awareness on need for cancer screening. CONCLUSION Addressing providers' concerns by providing routine on-the-job clinical training, improving staffing shortages, strengthening the diagnostic and treatment referral pathway, and increasing patient education are some of the first steps in facilitating integration of CBEs with CCS services in primary care clinics in Kenya.
Association of Family Cancer History With Pathogenic Variants in Specific Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes
Authors: Kurian Allison W. , Abrahamse Paul , Ward Kevin C. , Hamilton Ann S. , Deapen Dennis , Berek Jonathan S. , Hoang Lily , Yussuf Amal , Dolinsky Jill , Brown Krystal , Slavin Thomas , Hofer Timothy P. , Katz Steven J. 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE Family cancer history is an important component of genetic testing guidelines that estimate which patients with breast cancer are most likely to carry a germline pathogenic variant (PV). However, we do not know whether more extensive family history is differentially associated with PVs in specific genes. METHODS All women diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013-2017 and reported to statewide SEER registries of Georgia and California were linked to clinical genetic testing results and family history from two laboratories. Family history was defined as strong (suggestive of PVs in high-penetrance genes such as BRCA1/2 or TP53, including male breast, ovarian, pancreatic, sarcoma, or multiple female breast cancers), moderate (any other cancer history), or none. Among established breast cancer susceptibility genes ( ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, NF1, PALB2, PTEN, RAD51C, RAD51D, and TP53), we evaluated PV prevalence according to family history extent and breast cancer subtype. We used a multivariable model to test for interaction between affected gene and family history extent for ATM, BRCA1/2, CHEK2, and PALB2. RESULTS A total of 34,865 women linked to genetic results. Higher PV prevalence with increasing family history extent ( P < .001) was observed only with BRCA1 (3.04% with none, 3.22% with moderate, and 4.06% with strong history) and in triple-negative breast cancer with PALB2 (0.75% with none, 2.23% with moderate, and 2.63% with strong history). In a multivariable model adjusted for age and subtype, there was no interaction between family history extent and PV prevalence for any gene except PALB2 ( P = .037). CONCLUSION Extent of family cancer history is not differentially associated with PVs across established breast cancer susceptibility genes and cannot be used to personalize genes selected for testing.
Endogenous DHEAS Is Causally Linked With Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density and Forearm Fractures in Women
Authors: Quester Johan , Nethander Maria , Eriksson Anna , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
A recent pooled analysis of four clinical trials demonstrated that treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) increases lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD) in women. The causal effect of endogenous adrenal-derived DHEA sulphate (DHEAS) on LS-BMD and fracture risk in women is unknown.

Objective
To determine whether circulating DHEAS is causally associated with LS-BMD and fracture risk in women.

Methods
A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study using genetic predictors of serum DHEAS derived from the largest available female-specific genome wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis (n = 8565). Genetic associations with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry–derived BMD (n = 22 900) were obtained from female-specific GWAS summary statistics available from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis consortium while individual-level data of 238 565 women of white ancestry from the UK Biobank were used for associations with fractures (11 564 forearm fractures, 2604 hip fractures) and estimated heel BMD by ultrasound (eBMD).

Results
A 1 SD genetically instrumented increase in log serum DHEAS levels was associated with a 0.21 SD increase in LS-BMD (P = 0.01) and a 0.08 SD increase in eBMD (P &lt; 0.001). Genetically predicted DHEAS decreased forearm fracture risk (odds ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.55-0.88 per SD increase in DHEAS) while no significant causal association with hip fractures was observed.

Conclusions
Genetically predicted serum DHEAS increases LS-BMD and decreases forearm fracture risk in women. Based on the results of the present study and previous randomized controlled trials of DHEA treatment, we propose that both endogenous adrenal-derived DHEA(S) and pharmacological DHEA treatment improve bone health in women.
Change in Objectively Measured Activity Levels Resulting from the EMPOWER Study Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Rockette-Wagner Bonny , Cheng Jessica , Bizhanova Zhadyra , Kriska Andrea , Sereika Susan , Kline Chris , Imes Chris , Kariuki Jacob , Mendez Dara , Burke Lora 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to examine changes in physical activity (PA) during a behavioral weight loss intervention and to determine baseline factors associated with PA goal achievement. Overweight/obese community-dwelling adults with valid PA accelerometer data (n = 116; mean age, 51.7 yr; 89% female; 83% non-Hispanic White) were recruited into a single-arm prospective cohort study examining the effects of a 12-month intervention that included 24 in-person group sessions, weight loss, calorie, fat gram, and PA goals, self-monitoring, and feedback. Minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and steps were measured using a waist-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3x) at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Achievement of the 150-min·wk−1 MVPA goal was examined using total minutes and bout minutes (i.e., counting only PA occurring in bouts ≥10 min in length). Change in PA was analyzed using nonparametric tests for multiple comparisons. Associations of factors with meeting the PA goal were modeled using binary logistic regression. At 6 months, there were increases from baseline in MVPA (median [p25, p75] = 5.3 [−0.9, 17.6] min·d−1) and steps (863 [−145, 2790] steps per day), both P < 0.001. At 12 months, improvements were attenuated (MVPA = 2.4 [−2.0, 11.4] min·d−1, P = 0.047; steps = 374 [−570, 1804], P = 0.14). At 6 months, 33.6% of individuals met the PA goal (using total or bout minutes). At 12 months, the percent meeting the goal using total MVPA (31%) differed from bout MVPA (22.4%). Male gender (odds ratios = 4.14, P = 0.027) and an autumn program start (vs winter; odds ratios = 3.39, P = 0.011) were associated with greater odds of goal achievement at 6 months. The intervention increased PA goal achievement at 6 and 12 months with many making clinically meaningful improvements. Our results suggest that female participants may require extra support toward improving PA levels.
Anopheline species (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Maracá Ecological Station, Roraima State, Brazil
Authors: Scarpassa Vera Margarete , Saraiva José Ferreira 
Published: December 2021

Anopheline species were sampled in different ecotones at Maracá Ecological Station and in Cantá municipality, both in Roraima State, Brazil, in June 2016. Nine species were recorded. Six species belong to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus and three species to the subgenus Anopheles. The most abundant species collected were Anopheles triannulatus s.l., Anopheles nuneztovari s.l. and Anopheles oswaldoi species B. The remaining species had frequencies lower than 10%. While A. triannulatus s.l. was the most frequent and the most widely distributed species in the studied area, Anopheles darlingi Root, the main malaria vector in the Brazilian Amazon region, was captured in two different ecotones and in low frequency. Our findings suggest that the risk of malaria outbreaks at Maracá Ecological Station may be low. This study also describes the first record of Anopheles costai Fonseca & Ramos in Maracá Ecological Station, Roraima State, increasing the distribution range of this taxon.