bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best Practice of Bit Optimization in a Strong Heterogeneity Conglomeratic Sandstone Reservoir: 8 Years Case History from Juggar Basin, West China
Authors: Ma Jing , Yu Guijian , Wang Chengcheng , Jin Xiaowei , Zang Chuanzhen , Li Qing , Wang Hongtao , Chen Naizhi , Sun Jianwei , Zhou Diao , Gao Jiji , Wares Annie , Wang Yong , Gjertsen Ole , Li Tong , Lan Wencheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
MH oilfield, located in the Junggar Basin, in Xin Jiang Province of northwest China, is the world largest conglomerate reservoir with a fan-delta sedimentary environment. This long-term project can be traced back to 2012, and since then has gone through many technology revolutions and optimizations. At the end of 2017, the drilling performance of one main block inside MH oilfield, M18, was not optimistic when compared with other blocks. The extremely high formation hetergenity of the field made it very challenging to choose the right bit at the right time. This long-term project has brought to light the dedicated, quantifying study of the rock property differences throughout this field and inside each block. To solve this tough bit selection problem, geologic data was interpreted for engineering use. Two lines of data were processed. One was offset analysis based on the current run records to optimize bit designs, and the other was rock property interpretation and simulation to predict the formation variation, which covers the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), confined compressive strength (CCS) abrasion, impact simulations, layer correlations, statistical analysis and contour mappings of interest zones.
This paper will summarize the field history, delineate the bit design lineage in this long-term project, and then mainly focus on geology simulations. The objective of this paper is bring to light the importance of CCS simulations to predict the bit performance and help the bit design and selection; provide a bit design lineage and bit optimization workflow for the drilling operation to optimize the inventory utilization and streamline the decision-making loop; provide a case study with coordinating multiple disciplinary teams to achieve specified objective; and provide a concept of integration of geology and engineering in the world largest conglomerate reservoir.
Well Design and Engineering Process Automation
Authors: Kiani Nassab Kazem , Garg Rachit , Benjaboonyazit Veerawit , Harianto Rudy , Ur Rehman Atiq , Durongwattana Nithipoom , Buapha Sompop 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Drilling engineers use several applications to perform well design tasks and to create a final report for review and approval, any changes in subsurface information require revalidation of engineering calculations and repeat of the entire tasks to update the stage-gate report. This is usually a manual, timeconsuming and human error prone process that may result in additional cost and/or prolonged planning cycle time. Moreover, such manual works by individual engineers lead to diversified well design practices and formats across a company which make it difficult for standardization and compliance control.
Drilling engineering computer programs are primarily standalone applications that are used for engineering calculations with no continuous workflow in most cases. Well Delivery Process (WDP) is an engineering software solution developed to integrate, automate and standardize well construction planning process across the operating company. The system encompasses several integrated workflows by which users can carry out drilling/completion tasks from feasibility study to concept selection and detailed design as well as operations monitoring and closeout reports on a single digital platform. Furthermore, functions such as engineering calculations, rules validation, offset analyzing, well schematic, risk analysis, checklist, and well program are automated through the workflows and several microservices built on a series of applications.
The WDP, based on the company's well design automation initiative, was developed jointly with the service provider using its Business Process Management (BPM) tools. The system integration transforms how wells are constructed and delivered by combining a digitalized planning and design process with engineering models on a single and open cloud-native platform. Several tools and techniques such as design templates, continuous calculations, well cost models, etc. are utilized through integrated workflows to automate well design and process. The solution supports all new wells and leverage data from existing wells to optimize well construction process. As a result, the collaborative well design platform and automation tools take the drilling engineering process to the next level with a better quality well design and a reduced planning time.
Directed evolution improves the enzymatic synthesis of L-5-hydroxytryptophan by an engineered tryptophan synthase
Authors: Lisheng Xu , Li Tingting , Huo Ziyue , Chen Qiong , Xia Qiuxia , Jiang Bianling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
L-5-Hydroxytryptophan is an important amino acid that is widely used in food and medicine. In this study, L-5-hydroxytryptophan was synthesized by a modified tryptophan synthase. A direct evolution strategy was applied to engineer tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli to improve the efficiency of L-5-hydroxytryptophan synthesis. Tryptophan synthase was modified by error-prone PCR. A high activity mutant enzyme (V231A/K382G) was obtained by a high-throughput screening method. The activity of mutant enzyme (V231A/K382G) is 3.79 times higher than that of its parent, and kcat/Km of the mutant enzyme (V231A/K382G) was 4.36 mM− 1∙s− 1. The mutant enzyme (V231A/K382G) reaction conditions for the production of L-5-hydroxytryptophan were 100 mmol/L L-serine at pH 8.5 and 35°C for 15 h, reaching a yield of L-5-hydroxytryptophan of 86.7%. Directed evolution is an effective strategy to increase the activity of tryptophan synthase.
Research on Multiphysics Coupling Fields in Electrochemical Trepanning of Lateral Flow
Authors: Lei Gaopan , Zhu Dong , Zhu Di 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electrochemical trepanning (ECTr) is an effective method for machining the ruled surface parts. Generally, the forward flow mode is used in ECTr. Under the forward flow, the streamlines at the outlet are divergent, resulting in the obvious flow patterns at the outlet and the instability of the machining process. In ECTr of a diffuser with a special structure, the lateral flow mode is adopted to improve the uniformity of the flow field, thereby improving the surface quality at the hub. ECTr is a complicated multiphysics coupling process. To investigate the distributions of electric field, two-phase flow field and thermal field in ECTr with lateral flow, a multiphysics coupling field model was established. In this model, a coupling relationship was formed between the various physical fields through the change of the electrolyte conductivity. Through the multiphysics coupling simulation, the changes of the gas bubbles volume fraction, the electrolyte temperature, the electrolyte conductivity and the current density were obtained along the flow path. Compared with the inlet of the electrolyte, the gas bubbles volume fraction and the temperature at the outlet increased by 38.8% and 6.3 K, respectively. Under the combined influence, the conductivity decreased by 7.227 S/m at the outlet, resulting in a decrease of 57.81 A/cm2 in the current density. Then, the corresponding experiment of lateral flow ECTr was performed to verify the simulation results. Along the flow path, the thickness of the machined blade gradually increased, varying from 2.09 mm to 2.76 mm. The surface quality gradually deteriorated along the flow path and the surface roughness varied from Ra 0.72 μm to Ra 1.05 μm. Combining the simulation and the experiment, the correctness and the effectiveness of the multiphysics coupling model and simulation were confirmed. The results can be applied to other ECM processes.
Energy Efficient Cluster based Routing Protocol for WSN based on Hybrid BSO-TLBO Optimization Model
Authors: Priya J Sathya , Alenazy Wael Mohammad , Sathyabama A R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The most famous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is one of the cheapest and rapidly evolving networks in modern communication. It can be used to sense various substantial and environmental specifications by providing cost-effective sensor devices. The development of these sensor networks is exploited to provide an energy-efficient weighted clustering method to increase the lifespan of the network. We propose a novel energy-efficient method which utilizes the Brainstorm algorithm in order to adopt the ideal CH to reduce energy-draining. Further, the effectiveness of the Brain Storm Optimization (BSO) algorithm is enhanced with the incorporation of the Modified Teacher-Learner Optimized (MTLBO) algorithm with it. The modified BSO-MTLBO algorithm can be used to attain an improved throughput, network lifetime, and to reduce the energy consumption by nodes and CH, death of sensor nodes, routing overhead. The performance of our proposed work is analyzed with other existing approaches and inference that our approach performs better than all the other approaches.
Effect of Organic Loading Rate on the Biological Performance of the Thermophilic Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Treating Pulp and Paper Primary Sludge
Authors: Bokhary Alnour , Leitch Mathew , Liao Baoqiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Waste-to-energy or value-added products have been increasingly considered in many pulp and paper mills (PPMs) worldwide. However, developing appropriate conversion technologies is a major challenge in transforming PPMs wastes into biofuels or value-added biomaterials. In the present study, a long-term (320 d) anaerobic digestion of primary sludge of a thermomechanical pulp mill (TMP) was carried out for the first time in a thermophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactor (ThAnMBR). Effect of organic loading rate (OLR) in the range of 2.5–6.8 kg-COD/m3 d and hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 3–8 d on the process performance was investigated. Under various OLRs, stable biogas productions were obtained, and the best results were achieved with lower OLR (2.5 kg-COD/m3 d) and higher HRT (8 d), at biogas yields of 189 L biogas/kg MLSS fed. However, it was found that biogas production and sludge biomass degradation decrease when the organic loading rate increases. The proportion of sludge reduction ranged from 28.9 to 46.7% depending on the applied OLRs. Despite varying OLRs, stable membrane performance was obtained, where the required membrane flux was easily maintained during the reactor operation. In this study, also the properties of digestate and membrane permeates were studied under different operating conditions, and they fluctuated to some extent with OLR. ThAnMBR is a promising new technology for pulp and paper mill primary sludge treatment.
Upgrading an Analog Recovery Loop for Optimized Decoding Jointly to an Increased data-Rate
Authors: Visalli Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The maximum likelihood detection theory improves the error-rate of a sub-optimal but cheaper, coded symbol recovery loop using oversampling proposed as an alternate solution for the decoding problem without the log-likelihood ratio computation. The former implementation delivers the output data in one-symbol delay, and the required transistor count makes this approach attractive for ultra-low-energy wireless applications. The proposed hardware upgrade includes an analog to digital converter and fixed-point accumulation logic to compute the soft values, replacing a trigger used as a hard detector. This work investigates the soft decoding in the presence of binary and non-binary source symbols. Simulation results show that the soft approach improves the signal-to-noise ratio by 3dB and 2.5 dB when the encoding rates are 1/3 and 2/3.
Assessment of the Association of HIV Infection with Hepatic Steatosis or Fibrosis: a Cross-Sectional, Case-Control Study
Authors: Debroy Paula , Nagraj Sanjana , Chamorro-Pareja Natalia , Castro Neva , de Leon Alejandro , Guerson-Gil Arcelia , Quintero Orlando , Laniado Isaac , Kladas Michael , Desai Dimpi , Mathias Priyanka , Leider Jason , Kishore Preeti , Palaiodimos Leonidas , Kotler Donald P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy have been associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but few studies have evaluated whether HIV infection is an independent risk factor for the development of hepatic steatosis and advanced liver fibrosis. Objectives: To study the prevalence and severity of hepatic steatosis and advanced fibrosis in people living with HIV and control outpatients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of relevant data from 875 pairs of individuals belonging to an HIV-dedicated outpatient clinic and an adult primary care clinic of an inner-city hospital. Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and FIB-4 index were calculated as non-invasive measures of steatosis and fibrosis, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of steatosis and advanced fibrosis. Results: The prevalence of hepatic steatosis, determined by HSI ≥36, was higher in HIV-negative subjects (71.5% vs. 65.4%, p=0.006). The prevalence of advanced fibrosis, determined by FIB-4 index ≥3.25, was higher in the HIV-positive group (7% vs. 1.7%, p <0.001). Multivariable analysis did not identify HIV infection to be an independent risk factor for hepatic steatosis (p=0.068) and advanced fibrosis. Conclusions: In this cohort, hepatic steatosis was more prevalent in non-HIV infected patients, while advanced fibrosis had a higher prevalence in people living with HIV. HIV infection was not found to be an independent risk factor for either hepatic steatosis or fibrosis.
Effect of faying surfaces and characterization of aluminium AA6063-steel AISI304L Dissimilar joints fabricated by friction welding with Hemispherical Bowl, and Threaded Faying Surfaces
Authors: Subramanian Senthil Murugan , Paulraj Sathiya , Haq Noorul Haq Abdul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This work describes the effect of newly introduced faying surfaces on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of dissimilar weld joints of AA6063 and AISI304L alloys that fabricated through the rotary friction welding process (RFW). The experiments were done as six different experimental methods (‘A’ to ‘F’) at 1300 rpm rotation, 18 MPa friction pressure (FP), 24 MPa upset pressure (UP) and 5 sec friction time (FT) with the faying surfaces of hemispherical bowl and thread of 1 mm pitch on the weld specimens. The fabricated joints and the weld zones were characterized by macro and micro-study, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) spectrums, tensile properties, Vickers microhardness, impact toughness and fractography. The results showed that these faying surface modifications strengthen the bonding between the weld specimens and influences the performance of the joints. The hemispherical bowl showed better results than the threaded surfaces. Axial shortenings were within the acceptable limit in the range of 20–27 mm. Macro and microstructural studies showed the defect-free weld joints and the strong bonding between AA6063 and AISI304L alloys. The hemispherical faying surface on AISI304L alloy formed a U-shaped weld interface (WI) in the dissimilar joints. EDS proved the formation of the Fe-Al intermetallic and the element ‘O’ at weld zone. The joint efficiency for all the methods was around ≥ 100%. Maximum tensile strength was recorded as 238 MPa for method ‘F’. The threaded surface showed good hardness property nearby WI and method ‘A’ yielded maximum impact toughness for the joint.
Global Longitudinal Strain in Heart Transplantation Recipients Using Different Vendors: Reliability and Validity in a Tertiary Hospital in Colombia.
Authors: Fernandez Oscar Mauricio Perez , Medina Hector M. , López Mónica , Barrera Madeleine , Martinez Azucena , Benavides Jhonattan , Duran Juan C. , Salazar Gabriel , Manrique Frida Tatiana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) is a useful tool to follow-up heart transplant (HT) recipients. Important inter-vendor variability of GLS measurements has been reported in healthy subjects and different conditions, but there is still limited evidence among HT patients. We assessed the reliability and validity of GLS using two vendors (General Electric and Philips) in a group of consecutive and stable adult HT recipients. Patients underwent two concurrent GLS analyses during their echocardiographic follow-up. We evaluated GLS inter-vendor reliability using Bland-Altman’s limits of agreement (LOA) plots, computing its coverage probability (CP) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was assessed though receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, predictive values, sensitivity and specificity of GLS for each vendor to detect a normal left ventricle function. 78 pairs of GLS studies in 53 stable HT patients were analyzed. We observed a modest inter-vendor reliability with a broad LOA (less than 50% of values falling out our CP of 2% and an ICC of 0.49). ROC analyses (areas under the curve of 0.824 Vs. 0.631, p<0.05) and diagnosis test indices (Sensitivity of 0.73 Vs. 0.64; and Specificity of 0.79 Vs. 0.50) favored GE over Philips. Inter-vendor variability for GLS analysis exceeded clinically acceptable limits in HT recipients. GLS from GE software seemed to show higher validity as compared to Philips’. The present study provides evidence to consider caution for the interpretation of GLS for clinical management in the follow-up of HT patients, especially when GLS is measured by different vendors.
Four-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate to Reduce Post-Traumatic Hemorrhage in Patients with Major Trauma, the PROCOAG Trial: Study Protocol for a Randomized Multicenter Double-Blind Superiority Study
Authors: Bouzat Pierre , Bosson Jean-Luc , David Jean-Stéphane , Riou Bruno , Duranteau Jacques , Payen Jean-François 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Optimal management of severe trauma patients with active hemorrhage relies on adequate initial resuscitation. Early administration of coagulation factors improves post-traumatic coagulation disorders and four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) might be useful in this context. Our main hypothesis is that four-factor PCC in addition to a massive transfusion protocol decrease blood product consumption at day one in severe trauma patients with major bleeding.Methods This is a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel, controlled superiority trial. Eligible patients are trauma patients with major bleeding admitted to a French level-I trauma centre. Patients randomized in the treatment arm receive 1 mL/kg four-factor PCC within one-hour post-admission while patients randomized in the controlled group receive 1 mL/kg of saline solution 0.9% as a placebo. The primary endpoint is the amount of blood products transfused in the first 24 hours post-admission (including red blood cells, frozen fresh plasma and platelets). The secondary endpoints are the amount of each blood product transfused in the first 24 hours, time to achieve prothrombin time ratio < 1.5, time to hemostasis, number of thrombo-embolic events at 28 days, mortality at 24 hours and 28 days, number of intensive care unit (ICU)-free days, number of ventilator-free days during ICU stay, number of hospital-free days within the first 28 days, hospitalization status at day 28, Glasgow outcome scale extended for patients with brain lesions on initial cerebral imaging, and cost of each strategy at day 8 and 28. Inclusions have started in December 2017 and are expected to be complete by June 2021. Discussion: If PCC reduces total blood consumption at day one after severe trauma, this therapy, in adjunction to a classic massive transfusion protocol, may be used empirically on admission in patients at risk of massive transfusion to enhance coagulation. Moreover, this treatment may decrease blood product related complications and may improve clinical outcome after post-traumatic hemorrhage. Trial registration: This study has been prospectively registered on clinical trial on July 14, 2017 NCT03218722
Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19: Clinical Correlates and Comparison With Chest Computed Tomography
Authors: Portale Grazia , Ciolina Federica , Arcari Luca , Giraldi Gianluca Di Lazzaro , Danti Massimiliano , Pietropaolo Lorenzo , Camastra Giovanni , Cordischi Chiara , Urbani Laura , Proietti Lidia , Cacciotti Luca , Santini Claudio , Melandri Serena , Ansalone Gerardo , Sbarbati Stefano , Sighieri Cinzia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: lung ultrasound (LUS) and chest computed tomography (chest-CT) are largely employed to evaluate coronavirus-disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia. We investigated semi-quantitative LUS and CT scoring in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Methods: LUS and chest-CT were performed within 24 hours upon admission. Both were analyzed according to semi-quantitative scoring systems. Subgroups were identified according to median LUS score.Results: patients within higher LUS-score group were older (79 vs 60 years, p<0.001), had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (7.2 vs 1.3 mg/dl, p<0.001) and chest-CT score (10 vs 4, p=0.027) as well as lower PaO2/FiO2 (286 vs 356, p=0.029) as compared to patients within lower scores. We found a significant correlation between scores (r=0.390, p=0.023). Both LUS and CT scores correlated directly with patients age (r=0.586, p<0.001 and r=0.399, p=0.021 respectively) and CRP (r=0.472, p=0.002 and r=0.518, p=0.002 respectively), inversely with PaO2/FiO2 (r=-0.485, p=0.003 and r=-0.440, p=0.017 respectively). LUS-score only showed significant correlation with hs-Troponin T, NT-pro-BNP and creatinine (r=0.433, p=0.019; r=0.411, p=0.027 and r=0.497, p=0.001 respectively).Conclusions: semi-quantitative bedside LUS related to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia similarly to chest-CT. Correlation of LUS-score with markers of cardiac and renal injury suggests that LUS might contribute to a more comprehensive evaluation of this heterogeneous population.
Simple Positivity Preserving Nonlinear Finite Volume Scheme for Subdiffusion Equations on General Non-conforming Distorted Meshes
Authors: Yang Xuehua , Zhang Haixiang , Zhang Qi , Yuan Guangwei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose a positivity preserving finite volume scheme on non-conforming quadrilateral distorted meshes with hanging nodes for subdiffusion equations, where the differential equations have a sum of time-fractional derivatives of different orders, and the typical solutions of the problem have a weak singularity at the initial time t =0 for given smooth data. In this paper, a positivity-preserving nonlinear method with centered unknowns is obtained by the two point flux technique, where a new method to handling vertex-unknown including hanging nodes is the highlight of our paper. For each time derivative, we apply the L1 scheme on a temporal graded mesh. Especially, the existence of a solution is strictly proved for the nonlinear system by applying the Brouwer’s fixed point theorem. Numerical results show that the proposed positivity-preserving method is effective for strongly anisotropic and heterogeneous full tensor subdiffusion coefficient problems.