bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fertility Blend® Administration on the Epididymal Sperm Function Parameters of Vasectomized Mice: Physiological and Genetical Study as Model for Obstructive Azoospermic Men
Authors: Al-Dujaily Saad S. , Al-Ahmed Hazim I. , Al-Ethawi Jasim , Al-Ebrahimi Haidar A. 
Published: November 2021

Male Fertility Blend® is a new nutrient supplements containing many constituents especially a plant called Dong quai(Angelia Sinensis). The plant extract has been used to facilitate the sperm function parameters. However, the studies concern on its effects on epididymal sperms of vasectomized males and obstructive azoospermia are very rare. Thus, this investigation was designed to elucidate the role of Male Fertility Blend® (MFB) formula on the in vivo epididymal sperm characters and DNA fragmentations of vasectomized male mice as a model for man. In this study, the orally administration of 3.4 µg/ml MFB was used for vasectomized and non-vasectomized mice along 35 days. The results revealed a significant (p≤0.05) increment in certain sperm function parameters of vasectomized mice by using fertility Blend® than that of not treated by this supplement. The percentage of progressive and unprogressive active sperm motility using MFB was significantly (P≤0.05) increased compared with non-treated group. It was concluded that the MFB formula containing different sources of energy and variety of factors that sustain the epididymal sperm of healthy and vasectomized mice. Therefore this supplement can be utilized for males complaining from obstructive azoospermia and other factors of infertility.
Cytotoxic activity of Cardia draba leaves extracted on some cancer cell line
Authors: Albarazanchi Shymaa I. , Ali Faik Ibrahim , Al-Shanon Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

Cardaria draba is considered as one of the most fundamental plants that have wide diversity in medical uses, other researches had shown that this plant has a strong antioxidant activity for this reason the idea came to look for the cytotoxicity of this plant extract against different carcinogenic cell lines after subjection of this plant to methanolic extraction method.Result declared strong cytotoxicity against those carcinogenic cell line with a variable values of IC50 and the best effect was seen against HepG2 cell line, then we looked for the reason behind this reduction in viability of the cells via performing Caspase 9 assay which is used to check the induction of apoptosis and the expression of the TNF-α as a strong transcription factor which is activated in tumor cell lines.
Interestingly, our finding suggested that the plant extract produced a positive effect in the induction of Caspase 9 which led to induce early apoptosis, regarding TNF-α expression; the result explained a significant reduction in expression of those genes which were correlated with induction of tumor. This meant that the reduction in cell viability resulted in the induction of apoptosis and reduction of TNF-α transcription genes.
Comparative study of antibiofilm activity of lime juice and lithium dioxide nanoparticles against Salmonella isolated from local cheese
Authors: Khalaf Zainab Zamel 
Published: November 2021

Thirty specimens of fresh white cheeses, presented for sale in different markets at different cities of Iraq were analyzed microbiologically in this study. Isolates of Salmonella, included in the specimens collected from November 2017 to January 2018, were investigated. Capacity for biofilm producing was demonstrated by two method, Tissue culture plate method (TCP) and Congo red agar (CRA).After that the antibiofilm activity of lime extract and LiO2NPs was studied as each one of them alone and then the synergistic effect was done by TCP method. The results showed that all Salmonella isolates produce biofilm but in different degrees. The results also displayed that Lime extract and LiO2NPs had antibiofilm effect against Salmonella when used alone and when the combination done between each one of these materials. In conclusion, it was observed that the specimens of fresh white cheese included in this study contained microbial contamination at a health-threatening level but we can eliminate this contamination by using lime extract and LiO2NPs.
PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in women suffering from abortion
Authors: Mahmood Aseel S. , Al-Sarray Sabeeha A. , Al-Kazaz Abdulkareem 
Published: November 2021

Background: Primary infection of maternal with toxoplasmosis during gestation and this infection transmission to the fetus continue to be the cause complex disease in offspring.
Objective: This study was conducted to test the utility of nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) assay to detect recent infections with Toxoplasma in abortive women.
Material and methods: Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected by using B1 gene as a target for amplification which was highly specific for T. gondii and is well conserved among all of the tested strains. Blood from 60 abortive women and 25 apparently healthy pregnant women with no history of abortion (as control group) were taken in this current study.
Results: The results revealed that nPCR was positive in 48(80%) subjects and negative in 12(20%), Chi-square- χ2 for patients and control was ( 13.82 , 15.75 ) respectively.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that nPCR assay in blood has advantage in detection of recent and active toxoplasmosis.
Effects of feeding tyrosine or phenylalanine on the accumulation of polyphenols in Coleus Blumei in Vivo and in Vitro .
Authors: Musbah Hala M. , Ibrahim Kadhim M. , Ibrahim Kadhim 
Published: November 2021

Background: Polyphenols are considered an important compound with a wide range of medical activities. Several plant families are rich with phenolics. Attempts have been carried out to increase them at the intact and cellular levels.
Objective: The current study aimed to increase the production of polyphenols in Coleus blumei plant using two precursors at the whole and tissue culture levels.
Materials and methods: Two precursors namely Tyrosine and phenylalanine at the concentrations 0.20 , 0.25 or 0.30 g.l-1 were added either by spraying on the vegetative parts or supplemented to the tissue culture medium. Total phenols were estimated in the whole plant and compared with the total phenolic content in callus tissues. They were estimated by Folin-ciocalteu and spectrophotometric methods. Induction and maintenance of Coleus callus cultures were carried out on Gamborg medium (B5) for 21 days supplemented with the growth regulators 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2-4-D) at 0.8 mg.l-1 , 2 mg.l-1 Benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.5 mg.l-1 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Stem explants were used as a source for callus induction.
Results: Results showed a significant increase in both fresh and dry weights of the fresh compared with control of intact plants in vivo after treatment with the two precursors. The fresh weight of shoots increased up to 15.9 g at 0.30 g.l-1 of Tyrosine treatment compared with the control which recorded 11.05 g. while the fresh weight of the shoots recorded 13.470 g at 0.30 g.l-1 after treatment with phenylalanine compared with the control which recorded 11.05 g. The dry weight of the shoots increased as well up to 3.127 g at 0.30 g.l-1 of Tyrosine treatment compared with control 1.837 g while the dry weight of shoot recorded 2.880 g at 0.30 g.l-1 phenylalanine treatment compared with the control 1.837g. Despite the slight increase in both root fresh and dry weights at 0.30 g.l-1 due to the treatment with Tyrosine or phenylalanine ,such increments were not significantly different with control. Total poly phenols in callus cultures accumulated more compared with mother plants after treatment with precursors. Phenols were also measured in both callus tissue and liquid medium then compared with the whole plant and control treatment. The highest value was recorded in callus cultures supplied with Tyrosine recording 348.36 µg.l-1 at 0.20 g.l-1 of Tyrosine while phenylalanine treatment recorded the highest weight 293.98 µg.l-1 when applied at 0.30 g.l-1 in both liquid medium and callus tissues. The intact plants however recorded the highest mean in total phenols in plants grown in vivo with mean values 68.58, 66.53 µg.l-1 for Tyrosine and phenylalanine respectively.
Conclusion: It is concluded that both precursors are good candidates for increasing total phenols in Coleus blumei. Plant tissue culture techniques can be utilized commercially for this purpose.
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of microcin produced by some Enterobacteraceae
Authors: Jwad Sahar M. , Kadhum Hanan F. 
Published: November 2021

Back ground: Microcins are ribosomal synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced principally by bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family that are active against other bacteria, either in the same species (narrow spectrum), or across genera (broad spectrum) that share the same ecological niche.
Objective: The ability of the Enterobacteriaceae to produce microsines.
Materials and methods: One hundred urine samples have been collected from patients suffering from UTI whom admitted to Al Hakim Hospital in AL-Najaf City during the period from 17October 2017 to 13 February 2018.
Results: The results of PCR technique for amplification show that all isolates were possess mic N by appearance of amplicon with molecular weight 938 bp while 46 (76%) isolates were possess mic N1and 24 (40%) isolates were possess mic N2 gene by appearance of amplicon with molecular weight 368 bp and 167 bp respectively.Cross-streak activity assay was used to detect the selected strains with antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria.
Conclusion: some isolates have one or more gene microcin encoded of , however, microcin N is present in all isolates.
Phytochemistry and biological activity of Prosopis fracta
Authors: Dheeb Batol  I. , Hashim Sumayah S. , Hameed Rawad Kh. , Hasan Shilan W. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Prosopis fracta is a valuable and useful medicinal plant for the purpose of extracting flavonoids and it is one of the most important plants with medicinal properties. Prosopis fracta is found in many southern regions of Iran.
Objective: the aim of this review Phytochemistry and biological activity of Prosopis fracta.
Material and Methods: Initially, the powder was degreased by hexane and then after completion of the extraction process, we obtained a rotary solvent removal and the rest of the extract was frozen for retention, then it stored at -23°C. The freeze-dried samples are dissolved in methanol and permanently filtered through a 0.35 syringe filter.
Results: Prosopis fracta extracts using to treat cancer, which destroying activity via mitochondrial changes, as showed a good example for increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, SIRT3 activity and cell death in HT-29 related to the intestines and rectum cancer cells.
Conclusion: Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies provide valuable insight into understanding media. Sometimes the idea of the route responsible for the activity of these phytochemicals against oxidizing compounds that act as a source of harmful chemical to the body is removal from service of protein and loss of function.
Gas chromatography-mass- spectroscopy analysis of bioactive compounds from Streptomyces spp. isolated from Tigris river sediments in Baghdad city
Authors: Al-rubaye Talib S. , Risan Mohsen H. , Al-rubaye Dalal 
Published: November 2021

Background:The Streptomyces are considered the most important bacterial source for bioactive compounds production including natural antibiotics.
Objective: This study focused on analysis of these products to characterize the most active substances which may contain new antibiotics.
Materials and methods: Samples with the highest antibacterial activities (21, M5, N- and D-) were chosen from a previous study after secondary screening for the intracellular (biomass) extract which showed more antagonism efficiency than that observed in extracellular crude extract.Gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was preformed to detect the structure of the compounds in intracellular crude extracts in these isolates.
Results: The GC-MS analysis showed a total of 49 peaks observed in 4 isolates, isolate M5=14 peaks, isolate D=11peaks, isolate N= 20 peaks and isolate 21= 4peaks. Isolate D-, which showed the highest zone of inhibition in secondary screening than that in other isolates, is associated with the most prevalence active compounds like the Decane derivatives, in addition to Triadimenol; Azetidine, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-methyl; Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester and 3,3,7,7-Tetramethyl-1,5-diazabicyclo(3.3.0)octane. While isolate 21, has less peaks in comparing with the other samples, with great occurrence in components: 1-Dimethylaminohexane with molecular formula C8H19N and molecular weight 129 and Propamocarb with molecular formula C9H20N2O2 and molecular weight 188, in addition to many volatile organic compounds. The greatest components of isolate M5 were Triadimenol and 3,3,7,7-Tetramethyl-1,5-diazabicyclo(3.3.0)octane, in addition to the presence of Decane derivatives; amine compounds and Vitamin E. Isolate N- showed a great occurrence with components Triadimenol and Azetidine, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-methyl-with a molecular formula C8H17N and with a molecular weight 127; also the presence of an important component Hexanoic acid, 2-methyl- with the molecular formula C7H14O2 and with molecular weight 103 which has been considered as an essential component of muramycin antibiotic; compounds which contain Benzene ring.
Conclusion: The most prominent compounds detected in the selected isolates by using GC-MS technique were Decane derivatives and Triadimenol.
Molecular screening of the entA gene of Enterococcus faecium isolated from Food and clinical sources
Authors: Atiyah Andalus Sabah , ALKhafaji Marwa H. 
Published: November 2021

Background: The microbial production of substances that have the potency to suppress the growth of other microorganisms is probably one of the prevalent defense strategy developed in nature, microorganisms produce a variable bunch of microbial defense systems, which include antibiotics, metabolic by-products, lytic agents, bacteriocins and others.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to isolate and identify Enterococcus faecium isolates then detecting its ability of carrying the gene responsible for enterocin production in this species. Materials and methods: Out of 50 samples from different sources (food and clinical sources) were collected for the Enterococcus faecium isolation, and the isolated bacteria Enterococcus faecium (37) isolates were detected for their harboring of Enterocin A gene (entA), using conventional PCR technique.
Results: The identification revealed that 37(74%) isolates were considered as Enterococcus faecium, 20 isolates (54.05%) out of food samples (10 samples were collected from dairies, 7 from vegetables and 3 from fish samples), and 17 isolates 45.9% out of clinical samples (11 from stool and 6 from urine source). Genotypic Detection done by the amplification of the enterocin coding gene (ent A), and the results revealed that all the isolates were harboring that gene despite of the phonotypical differences, that they amplified entA gene and the PCR product size (362 bp) was detected using agarose gel electrophoresis.
Conclusions: This study indicates the presence of Enterococcus spp. in food and clinical sources and the ability of these bacteria to produce antibacterial substances which is active against closely related clinical isolates.
Food-borne Viruses Common Areview of the
Authors: Hussein Alyaa Razooqi , Najim Shaymaa S. 
Published: November 2021

Food is fundamental for the survival of all living forms. Sometimes, food gets contaminated by different types of microbes, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminthes, at any stage of food chain. Foodborne pathogens can cause life threatening infections especially in children, elderly immune compromised individuals, and pregnant women. In current years, many viruses have been defined known as main sources of foodborne diseases. Among these, Hepatitis A, HepatitisE, Rotaviruses etc.The aim of the study was to investigate on common food borne viruses, foods that transmitted them, symptoms that appear on infected people & protection methods.
Viruses are transmitted via food, water, inanimate objects and person-to-person contact.The significance of foodborne viruses is progressively more documented as causes of infection in humans. People usually acquire infection orally, after swallowing of polluted foods throughout processing, handling or preparation. Each type of foodborne viruses initiated from the personal gut, and pollution of food happens either by an infected food handler throughout preparation or by contact with sewage or contaminated water. Numerous outbreakes of foodborne viral disease are related with the pollution of ready for consumption foods via the infection of food handlers.
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT PUBLIC SERVICES AT THE BORDER REGION
Authors: Arifin Arifin , Rupita Rupita 
Published: November 2021

One of the fundamental problems in the border area of Sanggau Regency is the infrastructure of roads and bridges. Those problems become more complex due to various aspects that affect the governmental institutions are the community, environment, and other aspects. The above problems will produce some implication to many fields such as society, culture, economic, defence and security. The implications are not only local but also national. Based on the problems, the research aims is to describe and analyze the complexity of public basic services for roads and bridges by point of view of the external aspects of an organization. The results of the study show that the main factors in which the public basic services are not optimal are the unfavourable local and socio-economic conditions of the community. The cost needed in basic public services is high enough because of the landscape range. It is exacerbated by the socio-economic constraints of the community which indirectly can hamper the process of running the public services provided. In overcoming of the two problems, the strategic effort that needed is better coordination amongst the organizations in the area. For example, The public works Services (Dinas Pekerjaan Umum) must be coordinated to the other government organization in implementing some programs.
A SHIFTIN TRADITIONAL WISDOM OF SEMENDE TRIBE IN PULAU PANGGUNG TANGGAMUS
Authors: Mulyaningsih Handi , Kartika Tina , Hertanto Hertanto , Darmastuti Ari 
Published: November 2021

The traditional wisdom of tunggu tubang has shifted due to economic needs, lack of agricultural land, job mobility, marriage with other than Semende tribe, which impacts the rights fulfilling and obligations of tunggu tubang. However, this shift has been responded to by innovations so that this traditional wisdom persisted. This research is to describe innovations in maintaining the traditional wisdom. This research uses descriptive quantitative method with 40 randomly chosen respondents. Data were taken from interviews using a questionnaire, and interviews with key informants. The data were analyzed quantitatively with frequency tables, given the meaning with the structural functional approach of Talcott Parson, that traditional wisdom still functions when able to adapt, goal attainment, integration, latent maintenance. The results showed: 92.5% tunggu tubang to get rights to houses, gardens, fields and carrying out their obligations, but 7.5% without these rights (tepang bangkang) so they cannot carry out their obligations, namely occupying an inheritance house, taking care of their parents and their younger siblings. Tunggu tubang property sold out.This violation is tolerated because of economic necessity. But tepang bangkang still the decision maker in the family and can give the right for the next tunggu tubang. If tunggu tubang married to someone other than Semende tribe, her husband follows it.If working outside the city, rights are still given while obligations are carried out indirectly. This adaptation makes the traditional wisdom survive, be the goal of life, carries out the function of integration, but the function of pattern maintenance is getting weaker.
Héroes, rituales y culto: la tragedia y el caso de Hipólito
Authors: Gambon Lidia 
Published: November 2021

Aunque, al igual que sucede con otros héroes griegos, Hipólito no fue únicamente una figura del mito, sino también del culto, esta relación muestra importantes aspectos discordantes. Nos proponemos, en el presente artículo, puntualizar estas discordancias, centrándonos en tres puntos significativos del tratamiento trágico (la localización de la historia, el nombre del personaje y la relación del héroe con la divinidad de culto). Con ello procuramos destacar que Hipólito, una figura de culto eminente en Trecén, fue en Atenas esencialmente un héroe trágico, y orientar nuestras conclusiones hacia la importancia que para ello tuvo un aspecto que Eurípides remarcó en Hipólito (la única tragedia completa conservada): la tensión y complementariedad entre Afrodita y Ártemis.
Efektifitas pupuk organik cair limbah ikan dan Trichoderma sp terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kailan (Brassica oleraceae sp) pada sistem hidroponik substrat
Authors: Abror M. , Harjo Rakhmad Pavi 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organik cair limbah ikan dan Trichoderma sp terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kailan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Green House Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo dari bulan Mei sampai Juli 2016. Penelitian ini secara faktorial dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor I adalah kosentrasi pupuk organik cair yaitu (P0) 0 ml/liter, (P1) 7 ml/liter, (P2) 10 ml/liter, (P3) 13 ml/liter, dan Faktor II adalah penggunaan Trichoderma sp yaitu T0 (Tanpa Pengunaan Trichoderma sp) dan T1 (Penggunaan Trichoderma sp). Dari kedua faktor tersebut didapat 8 kombinasi perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali, data yang didapat di Anailisis Of Variance (Annova) serta dilanjut dengan BNJ 5%. Variabel yang diamati yaitu panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot basah brangkasan dan bobot kering brangkasan tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kombinasi antara pupuk organik cair limbah ikan dan Trichoderma sp menunjukkan interaksi terhadap semua variabel pengamatan yaitu panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot basah brangkasan dan bobot kering brangkasan. Pada perlakuan pupuk organik cair limbah ikan berpengaruh terhadap variabel panjang tanaman dan jumlah daun. Demikian juga Perlakuan Trichoderma sp berpengaruh terhadap panjang tanaman dan jumlah daun Kata Kunci ; pupuk organik cair limbah ikan, kailan, Trichoderma sp.
BIOAKTIVITAS SENYAWA TURUNAN ALKALOID KINKONA
Authors: Ernawati Teni 
Published: November 2021

Alkaloid kinkona adalah senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam tanaman kina. Alkaloid kinkona diisolasi dari kulit batang pohon kina. Secara kimia, alkaloid kinkona memiliki 2 bagian molekul utama yaitu cincin aromatik kuinolin dan cincin non-aromatik kuinuklidin yang dihubungkan dengan gugus alkohol sekunder pada karbon C-9. Struktur ini banyak mendapat perhatian di dalam penelitian kimia obat. Kami mempelajari aktivitas biologis yang dimiliki oleh alkaloid kinkona. Alkaloid kikona telah diketahui berfungsi sebagai antimalaria, akantetapi beberapa penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa alkaloid kina memiliki fungsi lain yang berpotensi seperti anti-kanker, anti-tumor, anti-mikroba, anti-HBV, anti-inflamasi, anti-oksidan, anti-obesitas. Ulasan ini menggambarkan kompilasi komprehensif aktivitas biologis berbagai turunan alkaloid kinkona. Kami berharap ulasan artikel ini dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam penyebaran informasi ilmiah terkait kimia medisinal khususnya tentang spektrum aktivitas biologi senyawa turunan alkaloid kinkona.