bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ambulatory Devices in Detecting Atrial Fibrillation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Tien Yun , Huang Li , Malwade Shwetambara , Hsu Chien-Yi , Chen Yang Ching 
Published: April 2021

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. Early diagnosis of AF is crucial for preventing AF-related morbidity, mortality, and economic burden, yet the detection of the disease remains challenging. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of AF. Because of technological advances, ambulatory devices may serve as convenient screening tools for AF.

Objective
The objective of this review was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of 2 relatively new technologies used in ambulatory devices, non-12-lead ECG and photoplethysmography (PPG), in detecting AF. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of non-12-lead ECG and PPG compared to the reference standard, 12-lead ECG. We also conducted a subgroup analysis to assess the impact of study design and participant recruitment on diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published from January 1, 2015 to January 23, 2021. A bivariate model was used to pool estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and area under the summary receiver operating curve (SROC) as the main diagnostic measures. Study quality was evaluated using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) tool.

Results
Our search resulted in 16 studies using either non-12-lead ECG or PPG for detecting AF, comprising 3217 participants and 7623 assessments. The pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and diagnostic odds ratio for the detection of AF were 89.7% (95% CI 83.2%-93.9%), 95.7% (95% CI 92.0%-97.7%), 20.64 (95% CI 10.10-42.15), 0.11 (95% CI 0.06-0.19), and 224.75 (95% CI 70.10-720.56), respectively, for the automatic interpretation of non-12-lead ECG measurements and 94.7% (95% CI 93.3%-95.8%), 97.6% (95% CI 94.5%-99.0%), 35.51 (95% CI 18.19-69.31), 0.05 (95% CI 0.04-0.07), and 730.79 (95% CI 309.33-1726.49), respectively, for the automatic interpretation of PPG measurements.

Conclusions
Both non-12-lead ECG and PPG offered high diagnostic accuracies for AF. Detection employing automatic analysis techniques may serve as a useful preliminary screening tool before administering a gold standard test, which generally requires competent physician analyses. Subgroup analysis indicated variations of sensitivity and specificity between studies that recruited low-risk and high-risk populations, warranting future validity tests in the general population.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020179937; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=179937
Adopción y producción estatal de DDT en México (1940-1980)
Authors: Fernández Bravo Sergio , Bertomeu Sánchez José Ramón , Schifter Aceves Liliana 
Published: April 2021

El trabajo que ofrecemos a continuación es un análisis histórico de la presencia del dicloro difenil tricloroetano (DDT) en México, específicamente acerca de las implicaciones que tuvo dentro de dos programas de desarrollo social impulsados por el Estado mexicano a partir de la década de 1940 y en el establecimiento de la industria agroquímica estatal. El DDT fue introducido en México a principios de la década de 1940 como una de las principales herramientas tecnológicas de los programas sanitario y agronómico concebidos por la Fundación Rockefeller, quien señalaría a la malaria y a la baja producción agrícola como dos problemas críticos para el país. La integración de estos programas al sistema político y económico propició la creación de instituciones y de una industria agroquímica nacional que permitieron al DDT una vigencia en México por más de 50 años.
“Plano de las Colonias”
Authors: Sifuentes Solís Marco Alejandro , Acosta Collazo Alejandro , García Díaz Jorge Refugio 
Published: April 2021

En este texto se aborda una lectura alternativa a la de la historiografía publicada, basada en el análisis de los aspectos simbólicos de los tejidos urbanos, en particular del “Plano de las Colonias” de la ciudad de Aguascalientes (Samuel Chávez, 1901), bajo el enfoque de la historia cultural y la perspectiva teórico-analítica de la hermenéutica analógica. Basados en fuentes primarias de carácter gráfico y en documentación histórica de la época, se propone un sistema de significados alrededor de un doble discurso del cuerpo en el espacio urbano: el físico-higienista y el simbólico, por el cual en la operación conceptual del plan se efectúa una suerte de sacralización del cuerpo y de corporización de la divinidad, significados que se encuentran “larvados” en la organización sintáctica de los elementos del espacio urbano marcados por el planificador-proyectista.
Issues Faced by Minority Ethnic Groups’ Students Reflected in Their Writing
Authors: Wiraatmaja Triastama 
Published: April 2021

This research attempted to determine issues faced by minority ethnic groups’ students in English Language Education Department in private university in Malang, and whether ethnicity and social aspects played significant roles in the students’ language proficiency reflected in their vocabulary in writing class. The researcher analysed writing samples taken from 16 students from both minority and majority ethnic groups by utilising Voyant Tools which focused on vocabulary density and average words per sentence. Followed with spreading questionnaires to eight students of minority ethnic groups and interviewing two of them who earned highest scored based on Voyant Tools. Those sessions were analysed with Thick Description to focus on related issues regarding vocabulary proficiency and ethnicities. The results taken from Voyant Tools indicated that students from minority ethnic groups were lesser than the students from majority one’s. Those results depicted the vocabulary proficiency of students from minority ethnic groups in writing, and those results were affected by educational deprived in their origins, and verbal abuse regarding their ethnicity. The researcher discovered that verbal abuse towards ethnicity regarded as individual discrimination that strengthens the majority’s idea to emphasise their superiority over the inferior. People tend to overlook the fact that verbal abuse among students was existed in universities and it affecting students’ performance. This notion was supported by the result taken from Voyant Tools in which the result shown that the minority ethnic groups were lesser than majority one’s and the effect were reflected at their writing, notably their vocabulary proficiency.
A Theory of Approximate Reasoning with Type-2 Fuzzy Set
Authors: Mandal Sudin , Karim Injamam Ul , Raha Swapan 
Published: April 2021

In this paper, an attempt is made to study approximate reasoning based on a Type-2 fuzzy set theory. In the process, we have examined the underlying fuzzy logic structure on which the reasoning is formulated. We have seen that the partial/incomplete/imprecise truth-values of elements of a type-2 fuzzy set under consideration forms a lattice. We propose two new lattice operations which ultimately help us to define a residual and thereby making the structure of truth- values a residuated lattice. We have focused upon two typical rules of inference used mostly in ordinary approximate reasoning methodology based on Type-1 fuzzy set theory. Our proposal is illustrated with typical artificial examples.
Do Director Networks Help Managers Forecast Better?
Authors: Schabus Mario 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
I examine whether directors' superior access to information through their board network improves the accuracy of firms' forecasting. Managers may benefit from well-connected directors (i.e., board centrality) as they may have limited insight into market developments or decision-making processes of other firms beyond knowledge specific to their firm. Employing a sample of U.S.-listed companies, I separately examine the effect of within-firm variation in direct and indirect board connections on management earnings forecast accuracy. The study contributes by showing that higher-degree connections can have an economically significant effect on the accuracy of management forecasts, regardless of firms' board interlocks. Further analyses point toward well-connected directors' ability to provide managers with valuable advice in a forecasting context, which complements directors' more extensively studied role in preventing managerial expropriation.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G3; L14; M41.
Impact of orthognathic surgery on the prevalence of dehiscence in Class II and Class III surgical-orthodontic patients:
Authors: dos Santos Monique Cimão , Iwaki Lilian Cristina Vessoni , Valladares-Neto José , Inoue-Arai Maristela Sayuri , Ramos Adilson Luiz 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The objectives were to evaluate and compare the presence of bone dehiscence before and after orthognathic surgery.

Materials and Methods
In this retrospective study, 90 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from 45 patients were evaluated. Class II (n = 23) and Class III (n = 22) orthodontic patients who were being prepared for orthognathic surgery were measured. CBCT scans were obtained about 30 days prior to (T0) and 6 months after (T1) double jaw orthognathic surgery. The distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar bone crest was assessed at the buccal and lingual surfaces of all teeth, on both sides and arches, except for the second premolars and the second and third molars. A total of 1332 sites were measured for Class II (644) and Class III (688) patients. The software used was OsiriX (version 3.3 32-bit). Data were compared with Wilcoxon and McNemar tests at the 5% level.

Results
Bone dehiscence before surgery was present in 26% and 15% of the Class II and III groups, respectively. The presence of dehiscence increased to 31% in the Class II and 20% in the Class III patients after surgery (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
The prevalence of dehiscence increased slightly in Class II and Class III surgical-orthodontic patients after orthognathic surgery. Temporary vascular supply reduction and oral hygiene difficulties may explain these results; however, more studies are needed.
A predictive model of “favorable” and “unfavorable” anteroposterior skeletal relations among Class Is and Class IIs
Authors: Bleyer Jacob S. , Tadlock Larry , Kesterke Matthew , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To validate the use of the sagittal distance between ANS and Pg (ANSPg) as a measure of favorable and unfavorable anteroposterior skeletal relations and to identify multivariate cephalometric measures that could be used to predict favorable and unfavorable relations at 15 years of age.

Materials and Methods
This longitudinal study included 226 untreated adolescents evaluated at 10 and 15 years of age. Patients were grouped as “favorable” or “unfavorable” based on the ANSPg (measured parallel to S-N -7°) at 15 years of age (ANSPg15). ANSPg15 was validated based on its correlation with changes in ANSPg between 10 and 15 years of age, as well as its relationships with established measures of growth potential. Multiple regression and discriminant analyses were performed to predict ANSPg15 from measures at 10 years of age.

Results
ANSPg15 and the change in ANSPg between 10 and 15 years of age were significantly correlated (R= –0.661; P ≤ .001), with 77% of patients in whom relationships improved (ie, distance decreased) exhibiting favorable relationships at 15 years of age. Established measures of growth potential were significantly (P &lt; .001) correlated with ANSPg15 and showed significant differences between patients with favorable and unfavorable relations. Multiple regression showed that the Y-axis, ANS-N-Pg, and symphyseal angle measured at 10 years explained approximately 60% (R = 0.78) of the variation in ANSPg15. Based on these three variables, discriminant function correctly predicted favorable or unfavorable relations of ANSPg15 77% of the time.

Conclusions
ANSPg15 was a valid measure for determining favorable and unfavorable anteroposterior skeletal relationships that could be predicted with moderately high levels of accuracy.
Numerical study of a cracked pipeline under internal pressure
Authors: Abderraouf Khireche , Zohra Labed 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the industrial sectors, pipelines have been used as the most economical and safe means of transporting oil and gas (Pipelines). However, the number of accidents has increased considerably as their use has increased. As a result of the operating load and the pressure used, the thickness of the tube must be increased and the mechanical characteristics improved. This approach was applied to predict the growth of crack effect in samples of two pipelines at given thicknesses and pressures. We created cracks with deferential dimensions in both API X80 steel pipelines, with an application of deferential internal pressures. For the simulations, we used the code ANSYS.
Freeze Drying as a Method of Long-Term Conservation of Mammalian Semen – A Review
Authors: Rajska Iwona 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the development of biotechnological methods that allow the manipulation and free exchange of genetic material, the methods for collecting and storing such material need to be improved. To date, freezing in liquid nitrogen has allowed the storage of cells and entire plant and animal tissues for practically unlimited times. However, alternatives are still being sought to eliminate the constant need to maintain samples at a low temperature. Lyophilization or freeze drying is an alternative to standard freezing procedures. The storage of samples (lyophilisates) does not require specialised equipment but only refines the preservation method itself. In the case of cells capable of movement e.g., sperm, they lose the ability to reach the oocyte in vivo and for in vitro fertilization (IVF) because of the lyophilization process. However, freeze-dried sperm may be used for in vitro fertilization by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), based on the results obtained in cleavage, embryo development and the production of live born offspring after embryo transfer. Studies on the lyophilization of sperm have been performed on many animal species, both in the laboratory and in livestock. This conservation method is considered to create biobanks for genetically valuable and endangered species with the simultaneous application of ICSI. This review article aimed to present the issues of the freeze-drying process of mammalian semen and help find solutions that will improve this technique of the long-term preservation of biological material.
Multilingual Legal Discourse at the Court of Justice of the European Union
Authors: Paluszek Karolina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe European Union is an organisation that uses multiple languages, and its law is no exception. Dealing with over twenty authentic language versions of EU legislation appears to represent an additional challenge in the interpretation of the provisions of the common legal order. Unlike most other works, this article does not focus on the process of interpretation conducted by an adjudicating panel or an Advocate General, but rather on the statements of the parties involved in a dispute, or on the national courts that request a preliminary ruling when referring to multilingualism.This work is divided into two separate parts. Firstly, the author focuses on cases whereby a national court or a party invokes the multilingual character of EU law. The second part is dedicated to the issue of multilingualism in EU case law. Unlike EU law, the judgments of the Court of Justice, as well as the Advocate Generals’ opinions, are authentic in certain languages only. However, research has proven that a solitary, authentic language version does not help to avoid problems the multilingual nature of European Union’s legal discourse.Both issues have been analysed based on the texts of judgments and opinions passed in cases recently resolved by the CJEU. Of course, the statements of the parties or national courts referring to multilingualism do not always have a great influence on the final result of the case. Nevertheless, the unique perspective taken in this article can serve as a good illustration of the various possibilities one can make use of when using multilingual comparison in the process of legal interpretation.
Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Linguistic Rights: Beyond Access to Care
Authors: Léger-Riopel Nicholas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Therapeutic jurisprudence is an interdisciplinary examination on the effect of the law on the mental and emotional health of those implicated in the judicial process. It concentrates primarily on the psychological impact of legal rules and procedures, as well as on the behaviour of legal players. TJ is a tool not often used in the promotion of linguistic rights. Endowed with a double mission, both normative and descriptive, TJ makes it possible to measure the impact of health incidences. In providing legal reformers with more precise tools to assess the health impacts of new linguistic rights standards TJ offers such a path of implementation of linguistic rights – not only from the formal point of view, but by keeping in mind their actual effectiveness – integrating law and languages in a way to mitigate their consequences on a population’s health.
Trying an Accused Serial Sexual Harasser for Libel in a US Civil Court
Authors: Shuster Jonathan J. , Handler Mark 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The goal of this article is to provide a class of MeToo# victims of a high-profile serial sexual harasser with a non-invasive method for civil action, when the accused publicly dismisses the victims’ claims as lies. When these libelous claims do occur, the victims can be assembled into a class-action libel/defamation case, which in most US states must be mounted within two years of the claim. Because under current civil methods, the plaintiffs would be subject to intense cross-examination in a civil jury trial, class-action lawsuits with small numbers of plaintiffs (e.g. 5–8) have proven impossible to conduct. This article provides a blueprint to create a collaboration amongst the victims, credibility-assessment (lie-detector) experts, statisticians, and MeToo# attorneys to litigate libel suits, which will likely produce out-of-court settlements. Once the first case is successfully completed, precedent will be set to bring other perpetrators to justice, and act as a deterrent to future exploitation. The evidentiary basis would be based on testing the null hypothesis that all plaintiffs are lying, to compare the inferred lying rates of the plaintiffs to similar population controls, who would be known liars, to a “Yes” answer to “Did X sexually harass you?”
Acute Physiological Responses to Ultra Short Race‐Pace Training in Competitive Swimmers
Authors: Williamson David , McCarthy Earl , Ditroilo Massimiliano 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ultra Short Race Pace training (USRPT) is an emerging training modality devised in 2011 to deviate from high-volume swimming training that is typically prescribed. USRPT aims to replicate the exact demands of racing, through its unique prescription of race-pace velocity sets with short rest intervals. It has been surmised, with little physiological evidence, that USRPT provides swimmers with the best opportunity to optimize the conditioning, technique, and psychology aspects of racing at the most specific velocity of the relevant event, with low blood lactate concentration. The aim of this study was to examine acute physiological responses of USRPT. Fourteen swimmers were recruited to perform a USRPT set: 20 x 25 m freestyle with a 35-s rest interval. Swimmers were required to maintain the velocity of their 100 m personal best time for each sprint. Sprint performance, blood lactate, heart rate and the RPE were measured. Blood lactate was taken before, during (after every 4 sprints) and 3 minutes after the USRPT protocol. Heart rate monitors were used to profile the heart rate. Athletes reported the RPE before- and after completion of the USRPT set. Sprint times increased by 3.3-10.8% when compared to the first sprint (p < 0.01). There was high blood lactate concentration (13.6 ± 3.1mmol/l), a significant change in the RPE from 8 ± 1.6 to 18 ± 1.6 (p < 0.01) and a substantially high heart rate profile with an average HRmax of 188 ± 9 BPM. The results show the maximal intensity nature of USRPT and portray it as an anaerobic style of training.
FORMULY ODPUSTENIA, PREPÁČENIA A OSPRAVEDLNENIA V PRAGMATICKÝCH SÚVISLOSTIACH1
Authors: Sokolová Jana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study interprets the forgiveness, pardon and apology formulas in pragmatic contexts. We focus on (a) their interpretation from the perspective of primary and secondary use and on (b) the discoursive success of verb-noun collocations, i.e. collocations of the apologetic verbs and nouns with a common attribute of ‘transgression’. We start from the position of the speaker who presents himself/herself as either the offending or the damaged party. In the role of the offender, he/she either makes an apologetic utterance to the addressee, or asks/begs for an apology, pardon or forgiveness. In the role of the damaged, he/she conveys forgiveness and/or lack thereof, or excuse and/or lack thereof, to the interlocutor. The study focuses on the use of cooperation and politeness strategies (in particular the maxims of generosity and tactfulness) and the public face (we anticipate that the speaker awaits an ‘egocentric’ attitude). The formulas of secondary apologies will be interpreted as a specific politeness strategy that reflects the emphatic nature of the speaker toward the addressee and maximizes speaker's tactfulness. We will show that the Slovak language possesses these functionally supported formulaic and ritualized formulas: phatic and reconciliation formulas, formulas with the ‘lack of understanding’ function, reservations and warnings. The discoursive success of the verb-noun collocations will be identified through correspondence analysis, which renders a correspondence map showing the perimeters of mental apologetic zones in the Slovak language.