bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid fluorescence imaging of human hepatocellular carcinoma using the β-galactosidase-activatable fluorescence probe SPiDER-βGal
Authors: Ogawa Soichiro , Kubo Hidemasa , Murayama Yasutoshi , Kubota Takeshi , Yubakami Masayuki , Matsumoto Tatsuya , Yamamoto Yusuke , Morimura Ryo , Ikoma Hisashi , Okamoto Kazuma , Kamiya Mako , Urano Yasuteru , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fluorescence imaging of tumours facilitates rapid intraoperative diagnosis. Thus far, a promising activatable fluorescent probe for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been developed. Herein, the utility of the fluorescence imaging of HCC using a β-galactosidase (β-Gal)-activatable fluorescence probe SPiDER-βGal was examined. β-Gal activity was measured in cryopreserved tissues from 68 patients. Live cell imaging of HCC cell lines and imaging of tumour-bearing model mice were performed using SPiDER-βGal. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging was performed in 27 freshly resected human HCC specimens. In cryopreserved samples, β-Gal activity was significantly higher in tumour tissues than in non-tumour tissues. Fluorescence was observed in HCC cell lines. In mouse models, tumours displayed stronger fluorescence than normal liver tissue. In freshly resected specimens, fluorescence intensity in the tumour was significantly higher than that in non-tumour liver specimens as early as 2 min after spraying. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the diagnostic value of SPiDER-βGal 10 min after its spraying; an area under the curve of 0.864, sensitivity of 85.2%, and specificity of 74.1% were observed for SPiDER-βGal. SPiDER-βGal is useful for the rapid fluorescence imaging of HCC. Fluorescence imaging guided by SPiDER-βGal would help surgeons detect tumors rapidly and achieve complete liver resection.
Factors Associated with Public Attitudes Towards Persons with Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: WANG ZIRU , Xu Xiaoli , Chen Yan , Jiang Jiayao , Han Qiong , Ni Guo-Xin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective：The aim of this review is to identify and summarize factors that are associated with public attitudes towards people with various disabilities systematically.Methods: An electronic search of three databases was performed (Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane) covering the period from 1950 to present. A comprehensive search strategy was developed and citation lists for potential eligible studies were also screened. Only quantitative studies using valid measurements were included, and the methodological quality of included studies was appraised based on three criteria (sample, measurement, analysis) by two independent reviewers.Results: Twenty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Three categories of the factors were found to be associated with the public attitudes, which are related to the attitude provider, disabled people, and society respectively. Specifically, the more people know about disabilities, the more positive their attitude could be; and the frequency and quality of the contact with the disabled are also proved to be influential to the attitudes. Meanwhile, the type of disability is also closely correlated to the public’s attitude towards the disabilities.Conclusion: People’s knowledge of the disability and their contact with the disabled are the main factors that influence public attitude towards persons with disabilities.
Perception towards Nursing Profession among Nurses Working in Public Hospitals in Central Ethiopia: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Tura Meseret , Fage Sagni , Birhanu Adamu , Kolola Tufa , Zerihun Ebisa , Mideksa Lemma 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Nurses' perceptions guide them in maintaining their nursing profession and are dependent on different factors. Although a good perception can help lead a successful profession, many nurses leave the profession in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the nurses’ perception towards their profession and factors associated with it among nurses working in public hospitals in the west Shewa zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia.Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study, a concurrent mixed-methods approach was conducted among randomly selected nurses working in public hospitals in the west Shewa zone from May 25-June 20, 2020. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained using interview techniques. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and the qualitative was analyzed through thematic analysis. The strength and direction of the statistical association were measured according to the odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval. The statistically significant level was reported at p < 0.05. Results: In this study, 54.6% [95%CI (48.0%, 61.0%)] had a good perception towards nursing profession. Nurses who had Bachelor degree (BSc) [AOR: 3.00 (95% CI: (1.55-5.80)], those who earn a monthly salary of ≥ 6194 ETB [AOR: 2.28 (95% CI: 1.01-5.16)], those working in primary hospitals [(AOR: 4.39 (95%CI: (1.39-9.95)] and general hospitals [(AOR:6.09(2.84,13.01) were more likely to have good perception towards nursing profession than their counter parts.Conclusions: Nearly six in ten nurses in the study area had a good perception towards nursing profession. Nurses’ level of education, monthly salary scale and type of hospital the nurses were working in should be considered for improving nurses’ perception towards their profession and thereby to keep the experienced nurses in their profession.
Latina migrants´ breastfeeding experiences living in a Spanish-speaking country : a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Iglesias-Rosado Blanca , Leon-Larios Fatima 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

The migratory flows in Spain have changed due to the arrival of migrant population. Among them, the Latino collective predominated, of which more than one half are women of childbearing age. However, there is no previous study exploring their breastfeeding experiences in a country where their mother tongue is spoken. This study aimed to explore Latina migrants' breastfeeding experiences in a Spanish-speaking country.
Methods

A descriptive qualitative study was carried out. The study used intentional sampling. Study participants were contacted by video calls, and data were collected through a semi-structured in-depth interview (n = 19). The interviews were transcribed and analyzed by thematic analysis.
Results

The two main categories that emerged were breastfeeding facilitators and barriers, divided into ten interrelated subcategories: work conditions; precarious socioeconomic conditions; lack of support (health professionals, family and society); physiological changes, pain and fatigue; ignorance and wrong beliefs; support networks (partner health professionals and family); host country versus home country; religious practices/worship; appropriate attitude, knowledge and experience; breastfeeding support groups. Most of the study participants stated that their breastfeeding experiences were influenced by barriers such as work and by facilitators such as peer support.
Conclusions

More support from caregivers and more sensitivity to cultural diversity are demanded by women, and well-trained professionals are needed to extend breastfeeding for a longer time. This paper provides caregivers, such as nurses, more knowledge about the care demanded by migrant women to contribute to a longer breastfeeding experience.
Development and Biomechanical Analysis of a New Anterior Cervical Pedicle Screw Fixation System
Authors: Sun Maji , Wang Qiuan , Zhang Xingchen , Zhao Rui , Guo Kaijin , Yuan Feng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveA new anterior cervical pedicle screw fixation system was developed based on the relevant anatomical structure of the cervical spine, and its biomechanical properties were evaluated on fresh cadaver cervical spine specimens to provide a basis for preliminary clinical application. MethodsThree-dimensional parameters of the new nail plate system were obtained from the anatomical data of cervical spine specimens, and the system was produced by 3D printing technology. Fresh adult cadaver cervical spine specimens were used to measure biomechanical stability in the intact state (group A: complete group) and to establish a C5-7 instability model in which fixation with the traditional cervical anterior nail plate system was performed (group B). Anterior cervical spine displacement, strength, stiffness, torsion torque, etc. were measured under the fixed state when 4 screws were used for fixation with the pedicle screw system (group C) and 6 screws were used for the anterior cervical pedicle screw system (group D). ResultsIn terms of the load-displacement relationship, the results showed that the average displacement difference between group D and group C after the test was 25%, that between group D and group B was 30%, that between groups C and B was 18%, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). In terms of the axial stiffness of the cervical spine, that of group D was 20% higher than that of group C and 40% higher than that of group B, that of group C was 20% higher than that of group B when fixed, and those of group D and C were both better than that of group A, the blank control group; all the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In terms of torsion mechanical properties of the cervical spine, the experimental results showed that that of group D was higher than that of group C by 21% and higher than that of group B by 40%, that of group C was higher than that of group B by 30%, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The biomechanical tests showed that in terms of load-displacement, axial stiffness and torsional mechanical properties, the anterior cervical pedicle locking and guiding internal fixation system was slightly better than the complete method. The 6 nail fixation method was better than the 4 nail fixation method. ConclusionThe new anterior cervical pedicle screw fixation system conforms to the anatomy of Chinese individuals and has better mechanical stability than do traditional fixation methods. It is a new, reliable anterior cervical pedicle internal fixation system for clinical practice.List of Abbreviations: ACPS: anterior cervical pedicle screw.
A Case of Thyroid Storm Caused by Graves' Disease Misdiagnosed as Panic Attack Due to Panic Disorder
Authors: Yasuda Manabu , Kumakura Jun , Kiyonori Oka , Fukuda Kazuhito 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGraves' disease is characterized by hyperthyroidism and the symptoms of Graves' disease often overlap with those of panic disorder, which may make it difficult to distinguish between the two conditions. In this report, we describe how proper diagnosis of thyroid disease in patients with mental illness can lead to appropriate treatment.Case presentationWe encountered a 34-year-old woman in whom thyroid crisis from Graves’ disease was misdiagnosed as panic attack. The patient was being managed as a case of panic disorder and bipolar disorder in a psychiatric outpatient setting. About 6 months before presentation, she had lost about 16 kg in weight, and a month before presentation, she developed several unpleasant symptoms as her condition worsened. Several weeks before, she had severe palpitations, tachycardia, and discomfort in her throat. She became unable to eat solids and ate only yogurt and gelatin and felt difficult to take psychiatric drugs.A day on the Sunday morning, she visited our department of emergency outpatient with severe nausea. Examination revealed proptosis, and so thyroid function tests were requested in addition to routine blood tests. There was no improvement in her condition, and she returned to hospital in the early hours of the next morning. Based on her symptoms, she was diagnosed as having panic attacks due to panic disorder and was given diazepam injection and allowed to go home. There was no suspicion of Graves' disease.Later that day, the thyroid function test results became available and thyroid storm was suspected. The endocrinology department was consulted immediately and she was referred and hospitalized the next day. During hospitalization, she was treated with steroid and radioisotope therapy, and was discharged from hospital in three weeks. ConclusionPsychiatrists and doctors engaged in psychosomatic medicine need to consider the possibility of thyroid disease as a differential diagnosis of panic disorder. It is necessary to check thyroid function at the initial examination when a patient presents with symptoms of severe panic attack.
Shadow Economy, Economic Growth and Financial Development
Authors: Mar'i Muhammad , Cavusoglu Behiye 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the association between the economic growth, the shadow economy, and financial development in 156 countries worldwide for the period between 1991 and 2015. The study employs two-panel approaches, the panel vector Autoregression, and Panel Quantile Regression. The result shows that economic growth has a negative effect on the shadow economy, while the financial development variables have an asymmetric effect on the shadow economy. On the other hand, the results show that the shadow economy effects economic growth positively and financial development negatively. Also, Panel Quantile Regression shows that economic growth and financial development significantly affect the shadow economy at different quantiles. The effect of economic growth on the shadow economy found as negative at all tested quantiles, while financial development variables vary across the quantiles.JEL:C50, E00, O11, O17
mRNA Analysis Identifies deep Intronic Splicing Variants Leading to Alport Syndrome and Overcomes the Problem of Negative Results of Exome Sequencing
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Zhang Yanqin , Ding Jie , Wang Fang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mutations in COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5 genes lead to Alport syndrome (AS). However, pathogenic variants in some AS patients are not detected by exome sequencing. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying genetic causes of five unrelated AS probands with negative NGS test results. Urine COL4A3–5 mRNAs were analyzed in the probands with an uncertain inherited mode of AS, and COL4A5 mRNA of skin fibroblasts was analyzed in the probands with X-linked AS. RT-PCR and direct sequencing were performed to detect mRNA abnormalities. PCR and direct sequencing were used to analyze the exons with flanking intronic sequences corresponding to mRNA abnormalities. Nine novel deep intronic splicing variants in COL4A4 and COL4A5 genes that cannot be captured by exome sequencing were identified in the five AS probands. Skipping of an exon was caused by four intronic variants, and retention of an intron fragment led to the remaining variant. Our results reveal that mRNA analysis for AS genes from either urine or skin fibroblasts can resolve genetic diagnosis in AS patients with negative NGS results. We recommend analyzing COL4A3–5 mRNA from urine as the first choice for these patients because it is feasible and non-invasive.
Comprehensive Analysis of Aberrantly Expressed CircRNAs in The Ossification of The Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Gao Qi-Chang , Zhang Zhi-Zhuang , Shao Tuo , Tang Wei-Long , Hu Yu-Hang , Li Fu-Chun , Shen Hong-Tao , Gu Jia-Ao , Yu Zhan-Ge 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction With producing the severe neurological symptoms and movement disorders, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL) have attracted attention in mounting numbers. Increasing evidences show that circRNAs act a vital regulatory role in the biological process of human disease development. However, the potential mechanism of circRNAs in OPLL was not fully known.MethodsIn this study, 3 OPLL patients and 3 controls were selected for RNA-seq analysis and the expression profiles of circRNAs were established. TargetScan and miRanda's miRNA target prediction software were used to predict the circRNA-microRNA interaction. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was used to identify the biological process and key pathways. we used STRING database to analyze and construct a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. Several circRNAs were randomly selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation. ResultsMicroarray data profiling indicated that 489 circRNAs (234 up and 255 down) was highly differentially expressed with setting screening criteria (FC ≥ 2.0 and p value ≤ 0.05). GO enrichment and KEGG pathways analysis revealed some processes and pathways might influence the progress of OPLL such as osteoclast differentiation, vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, Wnt, MAPK, VEGF signaling pathway. We have obtained some significant genes such as AKT3, ACVR1, RBPJ, NFATC1, PTK2, SLC8A1. The osteoclast activity regulated by AKTs may compensate for the promotion of bone ectopic hyperplasia on OPLL.Conclusions It is the first study for portraying circRNAs expression profiles of OPLL. This provides new ideas for the prevention and alleviation of OPLL . The specific functions and mechanisms of circRNAs in OPLL should be further verified to provide more clinical treatment options for OPLL patients.
ACE2 Expression and its Prognostic Significance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: NIE Hui , WANG Yutong , HUANG Xia , LIAO Zhiming , Ou Chunlin , ZHOU Jianhua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and objective: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane structural glycoprotein that acts as a key receptor in the process of SARS-CoV-2 infection, has been identified as an oncogene in some tumor types. However, few studies have explored the role of the ACE2 gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between ACE2 and HNSCC and explore early markers and molecular targets for the treatment of HNSCC. Methods: Integrative bioinformatics analyses were applied to uncover the potential role of ACE2 in HNSCC development and tumor-associated immunology. Results: The results showed that ACE2 was highly expressed in HNSCC and significantly correlated with clinical features such as sex. In addition, ACE2 may be a potential prognostic marker for HNSCC, as it was correlated with shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The PPI network revealed that STAT1 is the gene most closely related to ACE2 and that the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was the most relevant pathway. Moreover, ACE2 expression was closely associated with the immune-infiltrating levels of CD8 + T cells, myeloid dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Conclusions: The viral entry molecule ACE2 plays an important role in the tumorigenesis and cancer-immune interactions of HNSCC, suggesting that it is a novel molecular target and a new immune checkpoint in the diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC.
A Network Pharmacology Approach and Molecular Docking Technology to Uncover the Potential Molecular Mechanism of Astragalus -Scorpion on Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wu Litong , Chen Ying , Chen Mingjing , Yang Yueqin , Che Zuzhao , Li Qixin , You Xujun , Fu Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of Astragalus-Scorpion in the treatment of prostate cancer by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods: Using TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, TCMID and Swiss TargetPrediction Databases to retrieve the active ingredients and corresponding targets of Astragalus-Scorpion. The targets related to prostate cancer were retrieved through GeneCards, so as to obtain the common targets of Astragalus-Scorpion and prostate cancer. The common targets were input into the STRING database for protein interaction analysis. Cytoscape software was used to construct the active “ingredient-target-disease” network, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on the common targets. To screen the core ingredients and targets that play therapeutic roles, Autodock software was used for molecular docking verification. Results: 27 active ingredients, 340 potential targets related to active ingredients, 898 targets related to disease and 122 common targets were screened from Astragalus-Scorpion totally. The core targets of PPI network were JUN, AKT1, IL6, MAPK1 and RELA, while the core active ingredients in the active ingredient-target-disease network were quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin, 7-o-methylisomucronulatol and calycosin.762 GO entries and 154 pathways were obtained by enrichment analysis totally. The molecular docking results showed that quercetin binds to AKT1 and RELA, kaempferol to AKT1, and formononetin to RELA, all of which were stable. Conclusion: Quercetin, kaempferol and others in the Astragalus-Scorpion can regulate multiple signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway by binding to targets such as AKT1 related to prostate cancer, inhibit the proliferation of tumor to play a role for prostate cancer.
Monitoring Unfractionated Heparin In Adult Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): ACT, APTT or Anti-Xa?
Authors: Nguyen Tung Phi , Phan Xuan Thi , Huynh Dai Quang , Truong Ha Thi Viet , Le Yen Nguyen Hai , Nguyen Tuan Manh , Du Quan Quoc Minh , Le Thao Phuong , Truong Hai Ngoc , Ho Thi Thi , Pham Thao Thi Ngoc 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: During ECMO, anticoagulant, particularly unfractionated heparin (UFH) is commonly used and monitored by laboratory tests, including ACT, APTT, and anti-Xa level.Method: A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted on adult patients undergoing ECMO between January 2019 and January 2020 at a tertiary hospital. The correlations between ACT, APTT, anti-Xa, antithrombin, and UFH dose were assessed.Results: 129 sets of measurements from 37 patients were obtained including ACT, APTT, anti-Xa, antithrombin, and UFH dose measured simultaneously. 102 out of 129 sets of values were interpreted as antithrombin deficiencies. The correlation coefficient between APTT and anti-Xa; ACT and anti-Xa are 0.72 and 0.33, respectively, p <0.001. The patients with normal antithrombin levels exhibited a significant correlation between APTT and anti-Xa (r = 0.80, p <0.001). ACT, on the other hand, was poorly correlated with UFH dose. Anti-Xa and APTT are only moderately correlated with UFH dose in the group without antithrombin deficiency, with correlation coefficients of 0.62 and 0.57 respectively, p <0.05. Conclusion: APTT value is strongly correlated with anti-Xa value, particularly in patients with normal antithrombin levels. However, the ACT value was poorly correlated with anti-Xa and not with UFH dose. In groups without antithrombin deficiency, APTT and anti-Xa values only moderately correlated with UFH dose.