bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Coding, Variational Autoencoders, and Biological Connections
Authors: Marino Joseph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a review of predictive coding, from theoretical neuroscience, and variational autoencoders, from machine learning, identifying the common origin and mathematical framework underlying both areas. As each area is prominent within its respective field, more firmly connecting these areas could prove useful in the dialogue between neuroscience and machine learning. After reviewing each area, we discuss two possible correspondences implied by this perspective: cortical pyramidal dendrites as analogous to (nonlinear) deep networks and lateral inhibition as analogous to normalizing flows. These connections may provide new directions for further investigations in each field.
Internal Bore Evolution across the Shelf near Pt. Sal, California, Interpreted as a Gravity Current
Authors: Spydell M. S. , Suanda S. H. , Grimes D. J. , Becherer J. , Mcsweeney J. M. , Chickadel C. , Moulton M. , Thomson J. , Lerczak J. , Barth J. , Macmahan J. , Colosi J. , Romeiser R. , Waterhouse A. F. , Calantoni J. , Feddersen Falk 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOff the central California coast near Pt. Sal, a large-amplitude internal bore was observed for 20 h over 10 km cross shore, or 100–10-m water depth (D), and 30 km along coast by remote sensing, 39 in situ moorings, ship surveys, and drifters. The bore is associated with steep isotherm displacements representing a significant fraction of D. Observations were used to estimate bore arrival time tB, thickness h, and bore and nonbore (ambient) temperature difference ΔT, leading to reduced gravity g′. Bore speeds c, estimated from mapped tB, varied from 0.25 to 0.1 m s−1 from D = 50 to 10 m. The h varied from 5 to 35 m, generally decreased with D, and varied regionally along isobath. The bore ΔT varied from 0.75° to 2.15°C. Bore evolution was interpreted from the perspective of a two-layer gravity current. Gravity current speeds U, estimated from the local bore h and g′, compared well to observed bore speeds throughout its cross-shore propagation. Linear internal wave speeds based on various stratification estimates result in larger errors. On average bore thickness h = D/2, with regional variation, suggesting energy saturation. From 50- to 10-m depths, observed bore speeds compared well to saturated gravity current speeds and energetics that depend only on water depth and shelf-wide mean g′. This suggests that this internal bore is the internal wave analog to a saturated surfzone surface gravity bore. Along-coast variations in prebore stratification explain variations in bore properties. Near Pt. Sal, bore Doppler shifting by barotropic currents is observed.
Hospital Volume of Emergency General Surgery and its Impact on Inpatient Mortality for Geriatric Patients: Analysis From 3994 Hospitals
Authors: Ang Darwin , Sugimoto Jonathan , Richards Winston , Liu Huazhi , Kinslow Kyle , McKenney Mark , Ziglar Michele , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: November 2021

Background Previous investigations have shown a positive association between hospital volume of operations and clinical outcomes. However, it is unclear whether such relationships also apply to emergency surgery. We sought to examine the association between hospital case volume and inpatient mortality for 7 common emergency general surgery (EGS) operations among geriatric patients. Methods This is a population based retrospective cohort study using the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Limited Dataset Files (LDS) from 2011 to 2013. The 7 most common emergency surgeries included (1) partial colectomy, (2) small-bowel resection (SBR), (3) cholecystectomy, (4) appendectomy, (5) lysis of adhesions (LOA), (6) operative management of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and (7) laparotomy with the primary outcome being inpatient mortality. Risk-adjusted inpatient mortality was plotted against operative volume. Subsequently an operative volume threshold was calculated using a best fit regression method. Based on these estimates, high- and low-volume hospitals were compared to examine significance of outcomes. Significance was defined as P-value < .05. Results The final cohort comprised of 414 779 patients from 3994 hospitals. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for high-volume centers were lower in 6 out of 8 surgeries examined. Small-bowel resection and partial colectomy operations had a significant decrease in mortality based on a volume threshold. Conclusion We observed decreased mortality with higher surgical volume for small-bowel resection and partial colectomy operations. Such differences may be related to practice patterns during the perioperative period, as complications related to the perioperative care were significantly lower for high-volume centers.
Resection Status Does Not Impact Recurrence in Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma of the Extremity
Authors: Olson Chelsea R. , Suarez-Kelly Lorena P. , Ethun Cecilia G. , Shelby Rita D. , Yu Peter Y. , Hughes Tasha M. , Palettas Marilly , Tran Thuy B. , Poultsides George , Tseng Jennifer , Roggin Kevin K. , Chouliaras Konstantinos , Votanopoulos Konstantinos , Krasnick Bradley A. , Fields Ryan C. , King David M. , Bedi Meena , Pollock Raphael E. , Grignol Valerie P. , Cardona Kenneth , Howard J. Harrison 
Published: November 2021

Background Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) is a low-grade soft tissue sarcoma with a propensity for local recurrence. The necessity of obtaining microscopically free surgical margins (R0) to minimize local recurrence is not clear. This study evaluates recurrence-free survival (RFS) of extremity WDLPS in relation to resection margin status. Methods A retrospective review of adult patients with primary extremity WDLPS at seven US institutions from 2000 to 2016 was performed. Patients with recurrent tumors or incomplete resection (R2) were excluded. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed to assess impact on local RFS. Results 97 patients with primary extremity WDLPS were identified. The majority of patients had deep, lower extremity tumors. Mean tumor size was 18.2±8.9cm. Patients were treated with either radical (76.3%) or excisional (23.7%) resections; 64% had R0 and 36% had microscopically positive (R1) resection margins. Ten patients received radiation therapy with no difference in receipt of radiation between R0 vs R1 groups. Thirteen patients (13%) developed a local recurrence with no difference in RFS between R0 vs R1 resection. Five-year RFS was 59.5% for R0 vs 85.2% for R1. Only one patient died of disease after developing dedifferentiation and distant metastasis despite originally having an R0 resection. Discussion In this large multi-institutional study of surgical resection of extremity WDLPS, microscopically positive margins were not associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Positive microscopic margin resection for extremity WDLPS may yield similar rates of local control while avoiding a radical approach to obtain microscopically negative margins.
Understanding Preventable Deaths in the Geriatric Trauma Population: Analysis of 3,452,339 Patients From the Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services Database
Authors: Ang Darwin , Nieto Kenny , Sutherland Mason , O’Brien Megan , Liu Huazhi , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: November 2021

Background Patient safety indicators (PSIs) are avoidable complications that can impact outcomes. Geriatric patients have a higher mortality than younger patients with similar injuries, and understanding the etiology may help reduce mortality. We aim to estimate preventable geriatric trauma mortality in the United States and identify PSIs associated with increased preventable mortality. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥65 years, in the CMS database, 2017-second quarter of 2020. Risk-adjusted multivariable regression was performed to calculate observed-to-expected (O/E) mortality ratios for failure-to-prevent and failure-to-rescue PSIs with significance defined as P < .05. Results 3 452 339 geriatric patients were analyzed. Patients aged 75-84 years had 33% higher odds of preventable mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.33 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31, 1.36), whereas patients aged ≥85 years had 91% higher odds of preventable mortality (aOR = 1.91 and 95% CI = 1.87, 1.94) compared to patients aged 65-74 years. Failure-to-prevent O/E were >1 for all PSIs evaluated with central line–related blood stream infection having a high O/E (747.93). Failure-to-rescue O/E were >1 for 10/11 (91%) PSIs with physiologic and metabolic derangements having the highest O/E (5.98). United States’ states with higher quantities of geriatric trauma patients experienced reduced preventable mortality. Conclusion Odds of preventable mortality increases with age. Perioperative venous thrombotic events, hemorrhage or hematoma, and postoperative physiologic/metabolic derangements produce significant preventable mortalities. United States’ states differ in their failure-to-prevent and failure-to-rescue PSIs. Utilization of national guidelines, minimization of central venous catheter use, addressing polypharmacy especially anticoagulation, ensuring operative and procedure-based competencies, and greater incorporation of inpatient geriatricians may serve to reduce preventable mortality in elderly trauma patients.
Sexual growth mindsets and rejection sensitivity in sexual satisfaction
Authors: Cultice Rachel A. , Sanchez Diana T. , Albuja Analia F. 
Published: November 2021

Research suggests that having a sexual growth mindset (SGM), or believing that a person can become a better sexual partner over time, may improve sexual relationships. The present research investigated the impact of SGMs on a new sexual outcome: sexual rejection sensitivity. In Study 1, adults in romantic relationships completed measures of SGM and sexual rejection sensitivity from their own and from their partner’s perspective ( N = 377; 49.9% women; M age = 29.1 years, SD age = 12.2 years). Findings show that perceived partner, but not own, SGM is associated with lower sexual rejection sensitivity, and sexual rejection sensitivity mediated the link between perceived partner SGM and own sexual satisfaction. In Study 2, we replaced perceived partner SGM with actual partner SGM by recruiting both members of 104 different-sex romantic couples ( M age = 43.9 years, SD age = 14.5 years). Study 2 finds that partner, but not own, SGM was negatively associated with sexual rejection sensitivity. Further, sexual rejection sensitivity was negatively associated with sexual satisfaction in Study 1 and for women in Study 2. This work demonstrates the importance of sexual partners’ implicit beliefs about sexuality (perceived or reported) in understanding sexual outcomes.
Silica derived from variety of sources and its functionalized forms as an antiblock additive in polypropylene
Authors: Malik Omair , Joshi Tina , Goel Vishal , Kapur Gurpreet Singh , Nebhani Leena 
Published: November 2021

Silica derived from a variety of sources and its functionalized form has been studied as an antiblock additive in polypropylene (PP). Commonly, inorganic antiblock additives are added to PP films to reduce the blocking and facilitate the separation of polymeric films. However, such types of additives can cause a reduction of clarity in transparent films. In the present work, a comparative analysis of silica obtained from various sources specifically from rice husk ash and its further functionalization/modifications using n-octyltriethoxysilane has been performed. Since silica synthesized via rice husk ash was obtained from waste (rice husk ash), this further solves the problem of ash disposal. The functionalized forms of various silica have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphological analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The melt flow index (MFI), yellowness index, and other mechanical characterizations including tensile and impact strength were performed for 30–40 μm thick tubular quenched polypropylene (TQPP) films. These films were evaluated to have high transmittance (above 93%), high clarity (above 98%), and very low haze (less than 2%) indicating high transparency and improved optical properties. The blocking force and optical properties are quite similar for TQPP film containing silica synthesized from rice husk ash and commercially grade silica and hence proving silica synthesized from rice husk ash to be an effective substitute for commercial silica in TQPP films.
Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of PRMT5 in Cancers: A System Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liang Zhenzhen , Liu Lianchang , Wen Chaowei , Jiang Heya , Ye Tianxia , Ma Shumei , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: November 2021

Purpose Since protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is abnormally expressed in various tumors, in this study we aim to assess the association between PRMT5 and clinicopathological and prognostic features. Methods Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library were searched until July 25, 2021. The critical appraisal of the eligible studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated to assess the effect. Engauge Digitizer version 12.1, STATA version 15.1, and R version 4.0.5 were used to obtain and analysis the data. Results A total of 32 original studies covering 15,583 patients were included. In our data, it indicated that high level of PRMT5 was significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.22-3.70, P =.008; I2 = 80.7%) and positively correlated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.46-1.73, P < .001; I2 = 50%) and progression-free survival (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.24-1.88, P < .001; I2 = 0%). In addition, sub-group analysis showed that high level of PRMT5 was associated with poor overall survival for such 5 kinds of cancers as hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and lung cancer. Conclusion For the first time we found PRMT5 was pan-cancerous as a prognostic biomarker and high level of PRMT5 was associated with poor prognosis for certain cancers.
Modified Seldinger technique for neonatal epicutaneo-caval catheter insertion: A non-randomised retrospective study
Authors: Gibb Jack JC , MacLeod Rachael , Mahoney Liam , Elanjikal Ziju 
Published: November 2021

Background: Epicutaneo-Caval Catheters (ECCs) are critical for good neonatal care. No previous studies have evaluated which insertion method provides the highest likelihood of success. Methods: This study aimed to compare the success rates and cost of modified Seldinger technique (MST) and split needle technique (SNT). MST was introduced to St Michael’s Neonatal Unit, SNT was already in use. Routinely documented data on ECC insertion was retrospectively collected from the clinical notes. Practitioners were able to use their preferred insertion method. A sub-group analysis of success rates in patients born at ⩾35-weeks GA was performed. Results: There was a significantly higher first pass (53% vs 26%; p = 0.014) and overall (72% vs 40%; p = 0.0046) successful ECC insertion rate with fewer venipunctures per successful ECC with MST (2.5 vs 6.5; p = 0.002). Logrank test demonstrated a significantly higher successful ECC insertion with MST for patients of all GA ( p = 0.003) and for neonates born at ⩾35 weeks ( p = 0.015). The cost per successful MST ECC was £156.41 versus £152.51 for SNT. Conclusion: In this uncontrolled retrospective study, there was a higher chance of successful ECC insertion with MST, with a reduced number of venipunctures and similar costs per successful ECC. Further work in randomised studies is needed to verify this finding and should focus on other clinical outcomes, including rates in central line associated blood stream infections.
The Effect of Aggressive Wire Recanalization in Calcified Atheroma and Dilatation (ARCADIA) Technique in Eccentric Calcified Lesion of No-stenting Zone
Authors: Konishi Hirokazu , Koshida Ryoji , Habara Maoto , Nasu Kenya , Hirano Keisuke , Kinoshita Yoshihisa , Tsuchikane Etsuo , Terashima Mitsuyasu , Matsubara Tetsuo , Suzuki Takahiko 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The endovascular approach for eccentric calcified lesions of the no-stenting zone is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a novel technique for these lesions. Methods: We performed EVT for severe and eccentric calcified lesions using the technique, which is presented previously and named aggressive wire recanalization in calcified atheroma and dilatation (ARCADIA). In brief, a guidewire is passed to the residual lumen firstly. Next, another guidewire is advanced into and cross through the calcified plaque and returned to the distal original lumen with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guided. The calcified plaque is dilated by using a scoring-balloon or non-compliant balloon. Results: Consecutive 14 peripheral artery disease patients with isolated and eccentric calcification in a no-stenting zone were treated using ARCADIA technique between January 2018 and March 2020. In IVUS data, lumen cross-section area was significantly increased from 5.2 ± 2.0 mm2 to 18.1 ± 6.9 mm2 (p < 0.01), lumen area was expanded roundly evaluating as symmetry index from 0.45 ± 0.09 to 0.81 ± 0.12 (p < 0.01). There were no distal embolization and perforation after ARCADIA technique. One-year target lesion revascularization occurred in only 2 cases. The primary patency of 1 year was 85.7%. Conclusion: ARCADIA technique is safe and appropriate, and can be 1 option to treat for eccentric calcified lesions of the no-stenting zone as an optimal wire crossing method.
Aberrant right subclavian artery: embryology, prenatal diagnosis and clinical significance
Authors: Annetta Rachel , Nisbet Debbie , O’Mahony Edward , Palma-Dias Ricardo 
Published: November 2021

Introduction The right subclavian artery normally arises as the first vessel from the brachiocephalic trunk. An aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) arises directly from the aortic arch and crosses behind the trachea towards the right arm. This variant occurs in approximately 1–2% of the population; however, the frequency increases in individuals with chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21 and 22q11.2 microdeletion. Prenatal identification of ARSA therefore has a role in screening for such conditions. Methods Databases were searched for studies reporting the prenatal ultrasound evaluation of ARSA and its frequency in normal fetuses and in those with chromosomal abnormalities. Results A total of 23 studies were evaluated. Feasibility for the ultrasound evaluation of ARSA was 85–95%. The sonographic detection of ARSA is best in the three-vessel trachea view; however, sagittal and coronal imaging of the aortic arch may be useful. ARSA in isolation was not found to be associated with chromosomal abnormalities. The prevalence of ARSA in chromosomally abnormal fetuses was up to 24-fold higher than in normal fetuses, but the majority of chromosomally abnormal fetuses with ARSA had additional abnormal ultrasound findings, particularly cardiac abnormalities. Conclusions The prenatal detection of ARSA is a clinically useful prenatal marker for chromosomal abnormalities. In isolation, it is unlikely to be associated with pathogenic genetic variants. The ultrasound diagnosis of ARSA should prompt meticulous assessment of associated abnormalities. Invasive diagnostic testing should be offered to patients with non-isolated ARSA or in the presence of non-reassuring screening results or other risk factors.
Factors associated with being an older rather than younger unpaid carer of adults with a chronic health condition: Results from a population-based cross-sectional survey in South Australia
Authors: Chang Sungwon , Luckett Tim , Phillips Jane , Agar Meera , Lam Lawrence , DiGiacomo Michelle 
Published: November 2021

Objective To examine sociodemographic characteristics and caring experiences associated with being an older rather than younger carer of an adult with a chronic health condition. Methods The population-based cross-sectional South Australian Health Omnibus survey was administered in 2016. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic characteristics and caring experiences associated with being an older (≥65 years) versus younger (<65 years) carer of one or more adult(s) with a chronic health condition. Results Of 988 survey respondents who self-identified as carers, 198(20%) were 65 years or over. Characteristics associated with being an older carer included having a partner, having poor physical health, being born outside Australia, have no formal qualification, living in a household of 1–2 people, have an annual household income ≤$60,000, and owning one's home. Carer experiences associated with older carer status included providing ≥40 h of care per week, perceived control over caring, and caring for someone with a neurological condition, whereas caring for someone with a mental illness, reporting poor mental health of their own, and providing personal care were inversely associated. Discussion Interventions directed at older carers should consider the increased likelihood that they may be investing large amounts of time in caring for someone with a neurological condition, and be culturally and linguistically diverse.
Transitioning to long-term care for older adults with intellectual disabilities: A concept analysis
Authors: Egan Caroline , Mulcahy Helen , Naughton Corina 
Published: November 2021

Aim: To undertake a concept analysis of transitioning to long-term care for older adults with intellectual disabilities. Background: Individuals with an intellectual disability are experiencing increased longevity which is associated with an increase in transitions in later life to long-term care. Their experience of later life transitions is likely to be different to the general older population. Methodology: Concept Analysis was undertaken using the Walker and Avant framework. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Defining attributes are an older person with intellectual disability; a planned relocation to a long-term care facility; person-centred; and supported decision-making. Conclusion: There is a dearth of empirical evidence and theorisation on this concept. Transitions of this nature have been inadequately informed by the perspective of the older person with an intellectual disability, and future research and practice requires greater efforts to include their voice.