bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior communicating artery aneurysms: Nonmodifiable morphological parameters associated with rupture risk
Authors: İdil Soylu Ayşegül , Uzunkaya Fatih , Akan Hüseyin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between arterial morphological parameters and the rupture risk of anterior communicating artery (AComA) aneurysms.MethodsA hospital database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with AComA aneurysms. Morphologic parameters were evaluated on the 3‐dimensional computed tomography angiograms. The patients were divided into two groups as ruptured and unruptured. Patient age, sex, morphological parameters such as aneurysm height and weight, neck diameter, aspect ratio (AR), size ratio (SR), bifurcation angle, aneurysm shape, and diameters of the artery were statistically compared between two groups.ResultsNinety‐five AComA aneurysms were analyzed in this study (60 ruptured and 35 unruptured). The aneurysm neck size (p = .005) and the diameter of the A1 segment of the ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery (i‐A1) were smaller in the ruptured group than in the unruptured group (p = .001), but AR (p = .001) was higher. The number of patients with irregular shape aneurysm were higher in the ruptured group (p = .006). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, aneurysm height and weight, bifurcation angle, and SR. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that i‐A1 segment diameter (odds ratio [OR]: –2.070, confidence interval [CI]: 0.030‐0.531, p = .005), aneurysm neck diameter (OR: –0.409, CI: 0.491‐0.899, p = .008), irregular shape (OR: 1.197, CI: 1.382‐7.929, p = .007), and AR (OR: 0.880, CI: 1.315‐4.417, p = .004) were significantly correlated with ruptured status. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that aneurysm neck diameter (OR: –0.457, CI: 0.410‐0.977, p = .039) was the only independent variable for rupture.ConclusionAComA aneurysm rupture is more likely to occur in aneurysms with smaller i‐A1 segment diameter, smaller aneurysm neck diameter, irregular aneurysm shape, and higher AR. Aneurysm neck diameter may be a more important determinant for rupture prediction.
Autoimmune disease and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Pillai Anjali , Adilbay Dauren , Matsoukas Konstantina , Ganly Ian , Patel Snehal G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral cancer is typically related to environmental carcinogen exposure including tobacco and alcohol. Other less investigated risk factors may be related to a suppressed or dysregulated immune state, and in oral cancer, various levels of immune dysregulation have been found to affect survival and recurrence rates. The rationale for this systematic review was to investigate the possible role that a growing chronic host condition like an autoimmune disease may play in this disease.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was carried out using four electronic databases in order to identify original research of any analytic study design type that investigated the relationship between autoimmune disease and oral cancer. Out of 1,947 identified records, 24 observational studies were included for qualitative synthesis.ResultsThe studies varied in end points ranging from overall survival (OS), standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and hazard ratio (HR). Due to the heterogenous sampling of studies even within the same study design group, a meta‐analysis was not employed. The current state of the literature is varied and heterogenous in both study design and endpoints.ConclusionMajor limitations existed introducing significant bias especially in determining cancer risk such as lack of information surrounding known etiologic risk factors such as alcohol and tobacco consumption. Despite these limitations, a signal was seen between autoimmune disease and oral cancer outcomes and risk. Future studies investigating the relationship between autoimmune disease and oral cancer in a more focused and quantitative manner are therefore needed.
Training dental hygienists to place interim therapeutic restorations in a school‐based teledentistry program: Oregon's virtual dental home
Authors: Kohli Richie , Clemens Jennifer , Mann Linda , Newton Meagan , Glassman Paul , Schwarz Eli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study on Oregon's virtual dental home were to: 1) demonstrate the feasibility of pilot project training of existing Expanded Practice Dental Hygienists (EPDHs) to perform interim therapeutic restorations (ITRs) in the community settings after diagnosis by the supervising dentist via teledentistry and 2) evaluate satisfaction of parents/guardians of children participating in a pilot program that provides school‐based/on‐site preventive dental care services utilizing expanded scope EPDHs to conduct dental screenings and place ITRs.MethodsThis demonstration project was a 4‐years longitudinal cohort study (2016‐2019) in the school/community‐based settings focusing on children in kindergarten to 3rd grade. EPDHs and dentists from a Dental Care Organization were trained to utilize teledentistry and EPDHs were trained to place ITRs, the latter provided onsite dental care. Data was collected regarding child's demographics and oral health status; and parents reported level of satisfaction from services received by their children. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis to assess the relative importance of demographic and clinical factors on caries status.ResultsOnsite dental care was provided to 759 children. Of repeat patients (n = 377), 201 (53.3%) children had untreated decay at their first visit. Of these, 13% saw improvements in oral health status at their most recent visit (MRV). There were 162 ITRs planned out of which 50 patients received 99 ITRs. No adverse events were experienced. Of the repeat children receiving ITRs (n = 43), 28% saw improvement in their caries status at their MRV. Parents reported very high levels of satisfaction with the dental care program.ConclusionOregon's virtual dental home project was successful in training EPDHs to perform ITRs safely in school settings after caries diagnosis by the supervising dentist via teledentistry and in integrating this component into a regular school‐based preventive dental program.
What are the ethical dilemmas in the decision‐making processes of nursing people given electroconvulsive therapy? A critical realist review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Sweetmore Victoria 
Published: June 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?ECT is a treatment which has a long and complicated history. There is no consensus on its effectiveness and there is a great deal of polarized debate as to whether it should be used. MHNs are asked to work with people who are receiving ECT as part of their duties.What the paper adds to existing knowledge?The paper seeks to move beyond the polarized arguments and to consider how MHNs can work with people where ECT is being considered or administered as part of their treatment in a manner which satisfies their professional obligations.Implications for practiceMHNs may need to broaden their understanding of ethics beyond the traditional biomedical ethics model of beneficence, non‐maleficence, justice and autonomy, as well as improving their understanding of social and political factors which may have an unseen effect of the use of ECT as a treatment in order to meet their professional obligations when working with people being administered ECT.AbstractINTRODUCTIONElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has a complex and contentious place in psychiatric care. Mental health nurses (MHNs) are of obligated to be part of this practice despite ethical concerns.AimTo consider the ethical dilemmas and decision‐making processes facing MHNs involved in the administration of ECT.MethodA critical realist review of the literature surrounding ethical considerations and ECT was undertaken using thematic analysis.FindingsFour key themes emerged: the MHN as an advocate and conflict in their role, issues surrounding consent, questionable efficacy and unknown method of action, side effects, and legal issues and clinical guidelines.DiscussionUsing a critical realist framework for understanding, the decision‐making process and ethical considerations are viewed as part of the empirical and actual parts of reality, while the potential for other, unseen causal powers to be at play is acknowledged.Implications for practiceMHNs need to ensure they have an adequate ethical underpinning to their practice to enable them to navigate contentious areas of practice such as ECT to practice effectively and preserve safety. This may require moving beyond the traditional biomedical model of ethics. Developing an appreciation of unseen causal factors is also an essential part of MHNs’ developing professional competency.
State of the Field: The Need for Self‐Report Measures of Health and Quality of Life for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Bonardi Alexandra , Cobranchi Chelsea , Krahn Gloria , Murray Alexa , Robinson Ann , Havercamp Susan M. ,   The Nisonger RRTC on Health and Function
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCollecting self‐reported health and quality of life (QoL) outcomes is increasingly considered best practice, but people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are often excluded from patient‐reported outcome measures.ObjectiveThis article provides a literature‐informed overview of the state of the field of self‐reporting of physical health and QoL in research with adults with IDD.ApproachWe first identified and synthesized definitions of key constructs related to the self‐reporting of health. Next, we summarize literature on existing and emerging practices focused on health and QoL assessment, discussing the frequent and sometimes overly broad use of proxy‐respondents in the IDD field. We then highlight emerging directions focused on cognitive accessibility and universal design. Finally, we provide conclusions and recommendations for the field.ConclusionsInformed by the literature, we provide action steps to guide the field in considering how to incorporate self‐reporting of health outcomes by people with IDD in research, policy, and practice.
Challenges Marriage‐Hunting People Face: Competition and Excessive Analysis1
Authors: Nakamine Shin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the reality of marriage hunting is examined through the narratives of marriage‐hunting people. The results show that marriage hunting is based on the premise of a “competitive situation” and that people seeking a marriage partner require “analyzing” in order to win in this situation. However, the results indicate that marriage hunting becomes unsuccessful because, ironically, analyzing prevents people from behaving freely. Furthermore, the causes of their failure are attributed to them, thus giving rise to more analyzing. These findings suggest that the key to the future of marriage hunting is to free oneself from being governed by rules. The paper closes with a discussion of the importance of viewing marriage hunting as a relational effect.
Understanding and investigating relationality in the capability approach
Authors: Owens John , Entwistle Vikki A. , Craven Luke K. , Conradie Ina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe capability approach (CA) is a framework for understanding, assessing, and promoting the quality of human lives and social justice. It focuses on capabilities – people's freedoms and opportunities to live in valuable ways. Although its proponents readily acknowledge that capabilities can depend on personal, social and environmental factors, little attention has been paid to the ontology of capabilities (what they are and how they are caused and constituted) and the inherent relationality of the approach is often not well followed through in research and practice. This, we suggest, leaves the CA vulnerable to misinterpretation and misappropriation. In this paper we draw on the complementary lenses of critical realism, hermeneutics and complexity theory to develop an explicitly relational ontology of capabilities that explains how capabilities, as potential for ways of being or forms of doing, are generated by both personal agency and material and social structures. We demonstrate how these lenses can illuminate the relational constitution of particular capabilities through reference to a composite case involving a man called Bert and his healthcare team. We outline how our relational ontology of capabilities can demand and support more theoretically coherent and socially just approaches to CA informed practice, research and policy.
Connecting polarized light and water turbidity with feeding rates in Octopus americanus paralarvae
Authors: Gavioli Ivan Luiz , de Ortiz Danielle Ortiz , Bersano José Guilherme Filho , Vidal Erica Alves Gonzalez 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate whether polarized light or water turbidity enhances Octopus americanus paralarvae daily feeding rates (FRs) when fed on natural prey (Acartia lilljeborgi copepods) and estimate their daily energy consumption. Paralarva individual FR was obtained using a density of 80 copepods L−1. The polarized light experiment had a control (regular light) and two polarized light treatments (electronic vectors at 90° and 45°) for newly‐hatched and 15‐day‐old paralarvae. The water turbidity experiment had a control (0.09 NTU [nephelometric turbidity unit]), and three other treatments (3.80, 19.44, and 45.82 NTU) obtained with different Isochrysis galbana densities for newly‐hatched and 8‐day‐old paralarvae. Five experimental units were used for each treatment and the experiments lasted 24 hr. No significant differences in the FRs were found for polarized light and water turbidity. The general FR was 3.9 ± 2.3, 7.7 ± 2.9, and 15.9 ± 6.5 copepods paralarva−1 day−1 for newly‐hatched, 8‐day‐old, and 15‐day‐old paralarvae, respectively. Water turbidity at the higher NTU might have impacted swimming performance of paralarvae, reducing their FRs. Our methodological errors for quantifying FRs of paralarvae were <3%, providing reliable results for understanding the daily feeding requirements of Octopus paralarvae under rearing conditions and their feeding ecology in the wild.
The experience of disgust by nursing and midwifery students: An interpretative phenomenological approach study
Authors: Hadjittofi Marilena , Gleeson Kate , Arber Anne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough disgust is recognized as a common and prominent emotion in healthcare, little is known about how healthcare professionals understand, experience and conceptualize disgust. The aim of the study was to gain an in‐depth understanding of how nursing and midwifery students experience, understand and cope with disgust in their clinical work. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Six participants (all women: two nursing students, four midwifery students) from a university in the South of England were interviewed. Four superordinate themes with eight subthemes were identified. Overall, findings suggest that participants experience both moral and physical disgust; however, they find it difficult to talk about and use other terms to describe their experience. Findings are discussed through the lens of social identity theory, to understand the relevance of professional identity and how this might further maintain the disgust taboo. The strategies participants have developed in order to cope with disgust are explored and understood within the current healthcare climate. Future research should focus on ways of addressing the experience of disgust by healthcare professionals in order to improve the quality of care provided, especially in the climate of the COVID‐19 crisis.
A path toward concurrent biofortification and cadmium mitigation in plant‐based foods
Authors: Kailasam Sakthivel , Peiter Edgar 
Published: June 2021

SummaryMillions of people are anemic due to inadequate consumption of foods rich in iron and zinc. Plant‐based foods provide most of our dietary nutrients but may also contain the toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd). A low level of Cd silently enters the body through the diet. Once ingested, Cd may remain for decades. Hence, prolonged intake of Cd‐containing foods endangers human health. Research that leads towards micronutrient enrichment and mitigation of Cd in foods has therefore dual significance for human health. The breeding of Cd‐tolerant cultivars may enable them to grow on Cd‐polluted soils; however, they may not yield Cd‐free foods. Conversely, sequestration of Cd in roots can prevent its accumulation in grains, but this mechanism also retains nutrients, hence counteracting biofortification efforts. A specific restriction of the Cd absorption capacity of crops would prevent Cd entry into the plant system while maintaining micronutrient accumulation and may thus be a solution to the dilemma. After recapitulating existing strategies employed for the development of Cd‐tolerant and biofortified cultivars, this Viewpoint elaborates alternative approaches based on directed evolution and genome editing strategies for excluding Cd while enriching micronutrients in plant foods, which will concurrently help to eradicate malnutrition and prevent Cd intoxication.
Epistemic Akrasia and Belief‐Credence Dualism
Authors: Jackson Elizabeth , Tan Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe call attention to certain cases of epistemic akrasia, arguing that they support belief‐credence dualism. Belief‐credence dualism is the view that belief and credence are irreducible, equally fundamental attitudes. Consider the case of an agent who believes p, has low credence in p, and thus believes that they shouldn’t believe p. We argue that dualists, as opposed to belief‐firsters (who say credence reduces to belief) and credence‐firsters (who say belief reduces to credence) can best explain features of akratic cases, including the observation that akratic beliefs seem to be held despite possessing a defeater for those beliefs, and that, in akratic cases, one can simultaneously believe and have low confidence in the very same proposition.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the inhibitory nature of high nitrate during adventitious roots formation in the apple rootstock
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Tahir Muhammad Mobeen , Li Shaohuan , Mao Jiangping , Nawaz Muhammad Azher , Liu Yu , Li Ke , Xing Libo , Niu Jianxin , Zhang Dong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the process of vegetative propagation of apple rootstocks, the development of adventitious roots (ARs) has crucial importance. Nitrate is an essential nutrient necessary for plant growth; however, the inhibitory effect of high nitrate on ARs formation has not been explored. The physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying ARs inhibition were examined in this study. Stem cuttings of B9 apple rootstock were cultured on two nitrate treatments (T1 = 18.7 mM L−1 and T2 = 37.5 mM L−1), where T2 was identified as ARs inhibiting treatment. Morphological and anatomical observations advocating that high availability of nitrate inhibited AR formation by delaying the ARs initiation and emergence stages, where the root number was 287%, and the length was 604.6% lower than the T1 cuttings. Moreover, the contents of endogenous hormones were also elevated in response to T2 at most of the time points, which may cause a hormonal imbalance within the plant body and drive toward ARs inhibition. Furthermore, 3686 genes were differentially expressed by high‐throughput sequencing. Out of these, 1797 genes were upregulated, and 1889 genes were downregulated. Approximately 238 genes related to nitrate, hormones, root development, and cell‐cycle induction pathways were selected according to their potential to be involved in ARs regulation. This is the first study providing information regarding the inhibitory effect of high nitrate on ARs formation in apple rootstock.
How Rural is Rural Populism? On the Spatial Understanding of Rurality for Analyses of Right‐wing Populist Election Success in Germany*
Authors: Deppisch Larissa , Osigus Torsten , Klärner Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, the authors take up the thesis of the narrative that the support for right‐wing populist election successes is located in rural areas. For the case of the German right‐wing populist party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) the authors propose a complex definition of rurality, and perform a quantitative small‐scale analysis of the national election results in Germany in 2017. They examine the potential connection between a high share of votes for the AfD and the rurality of a municipality. The results show that in eastern Germany, the fairly rural municipalities have comparatively high AfD vote shares, whereas in western Germany, the fairly rural and the non‐rural municipalities have similar AfD vote shares. Therefore, it appears that the thesis that rural areas are the source of the support of right‐wing populism applies to some, but not to all rural areas of Germany.
Live virus vaccination of pediatric solid organ transplant candidates within 1 month prior to transplantation: A multicenter experience
Authors: Rosenthal Ayelet , Madigan Theresa , Chen Sharon F. , Gans Hayley , Nadimpalli Sruti 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSolid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at increased risk of vaccine‐preventable illness due to the high degree of immunosuppression required following transplantation. The current recommendation is to vaccinate with live attenuated vaccines, including Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) and Varicella (VAR) vaccines, at least 4 weeks prior to transplant. However, data to support the time interval between vaccine and transplant are limited.MethodsWe conduct a literature review of the natural history of the viruses and length of viremia following live‐attenuated viral vaccines, and we describe a series of 5 cases from 2 pediatric transplant centers in which live attenuated viral vaccines were administered within 21 days prior to SOT.ResultsNone of the 5 children who received MMR or VAR 8‐21 days prior to liver (2) and heart (3) transplant suffered from vaccine‐related viral illness after transplant, even in the presence of significant immunosuppression with T‐cell‐depleting agents.ConclusionThese cases support that shorter intervals of live vaccine administration prior to transplant may be safe, allowing the vaccination of a larger cohort of SOT candidates. Increasing pretransplant vaccinations is crucial since, in most cases, live viral vaccines are contraindicated posttransplantation, and the most effective vaccine approaches utilize prime‐boost strategies, priming before and boosting after transplant.