bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in the promoter of the sorbitol dehydrogenase gene MdSDH2 affects binding of the transcription factor MdABI3 and alters fructose content in apple fruit
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , Ma Baiquan , Yang Nanxiang , Jin Ling , Wang Lan , Ma Songya , Ruan Yong‐Ling , Ma Fengwang , Li Mingjun 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYFructose (Fru) content is a key determinant of fruit sweetness and quality. An F1 hybrid population of the apple cultivars ‘Honeycrisp’ × ‘Qinguan’ was used to investigate the quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions and genes controlling Fru content in fruit. A stable QTL on linkage group (LG) 01 in ‘Honeycrisp’ was detected on the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic linkage maps. In this region, a sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) gene, MdSDH2, was detected and showed promoter variations and differential expression patterns between ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Qinguan’ fruits as well as their hybrids. A SNP variant (A/G) in the MdSDH2 promoter region (SDH2p‐491) affected the binding ability of the transcription factor MdABI3, which can affect the expression of MdSDH2. Promoter sequences with an A nucleotide at SDH2p‐491 had stronger binding affinity for MdABI3 than those with a G. Among 27 domesticated apple cultivars and wild relatives, this SNP (A/G) was associated with Fru content. Our results indicate that MdSDH2 can alter Fru content as the major regulatory gene and that ABA signaling might be involved in Fru content accumulation in apple fruit.
Robots with Tails
Authors: Ben-Tzvi Pinhas , Liu Yujiong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Until recently, most four-legged robots have lacked a feature that is found again and again in nature—a tail. Studies of animal locomotion and robots in the laboratory indicate that leaving out tails has been a design drawback. In fact, research conducted by our lab at Virginia Tech has shown that an articulated robotic tail can effectively maneuver and stabilize a quadruped both for static and dynamic locomotion.
Multidimensional tropical forest recovery
Authors: Poorter Lourens , Craven Dylan , Jakovac Catarina C. , van der Sande Masha T. , Amissah Lucy , Bongers Frans , Chazdon Robin L. , Farrior Caroline E. , Kambach Stephan , Meave Jorge A. , Muñoz Rodrigo , Norden Natalia , Rüger Nadja , van Breugel Michiel , Almeyda Zambrano Angélica María , Amani Bienvenu , Andrade José Luis , Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Broadbent Eben N. , de Foresta Hubert , Dent Daisy H. , Derroire Géraldine , DeWalt Saara J. , Dupuy Juan M. , Durán Sandra M. , Fantini Alfredo C. , Finegan Bryan , Hernández-Jaramillo Alma , Hernández-Stefanoni José Luis , Hietz Peter , Junqueira André B. , N’dja Justin Kassi , Letcher Susan G. , Lohbeck Madelon , López-Camacho René , Martínez-Ramos Miguel , Melo Felipe P. L. , Mora Francisco , Müller Sandra C. , N’Guessan Anny E. , Oberleitner Florian , Ortiz-Malavassi Edgar , Pérez-García Eduardo A. , Pinho Bruno X. , Piotto Daniel , Powers Jennifer S. , Rodríguez-Buriticá Susana , Rozendaal Danaë M. A. , Ruíz Jorge , Tabarelli Marcelo , Teixeira Heitor Mancini , Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio Everardo , van der Wal Hans , Villa Pedro M. , Fernandes Geraldo W. , Santos Braulio A. , Aguilar-Cano José , de Almeida-Cortez Jarcilene S. , Alvarez-Davila Esteban , Arreola-Villa Felipe , Balvanera Patricia , Becknell Justin M. , Cabral George A. L. , Castellanos-Castro Carolina , de Jong Ben H. J. , Nieto Jhon Edison , Espírito-Santo Mário M. , Fandino Maria C. , García Hernando , García-Villalobos Daniel , Hall Jefferson S. , Idárraga Alvaro , Jiménez-Montoya Jaider , Kennard Deborah , Marín-Spiotta Erika , Mesquita Rita , Nunes Yule R. F. , Ochoa-Gaona Susana , Peña-Claros Marielos , Pérez-Cárdenas Nathalia , Rodríguez-Velázquez Jorge , Villanueva Lucía Sanaphre , Schwartz Naomi B. , Steininger Marc K. , Veloso Maria D. M. , Vester Henricus F. M. , Vieira Ima C. G. , Williamson G. Bruce , Zanini Kátia , Hérault Bruno 
Published: December 2021

Resilient secondary tropical forests?Although deforestation is rampant across the tropics, forest has a strong capacity to regrow on abandoned lands. These “secondary” forests may increasingly play important roles in biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and landscape restoration. Poorteret al. analyzed the patterns of recovery in forest attributes (related to soil, plant functioning, structure, and diversity) in 77 secondary forest sites in the Americas and West Africa. They found that different attributes recovered at different rates, with soil recovering in less than a decade and species diversity and biomass recovering in little more than a century. The authors discuss how these findings can be applied in efforts to promote forest restoration. —AMS
Elemental electrical switch enabling phase segregation–free operation
Authors: Shen Jiabin , Jia Shujing , Shi Nannan , Ge Qingqin , Gotoh Tamihiro , Lv Shilong , Liu Qi , Dronskowski Richard , Elliott Stephen R. , Song Zhitang , Zhu Min 
Published: December 2021

Single element switchPhase-change materials are attractive for computer memory and switching, in part due to their small size and fast switching speeds. However, competitive materials frequently have many elements, which decreases the switching reliability. Shenet al. built a pure tellurium device that is capable of fast switching through a phase transformation (see the Perspective by Calarco and Arciprete). Unlike many other phase-change materials, the change in resistance happens because the tellurium melts during the switching process. The resulting device can be switched 100 million times before failure and is an appealing route for avoiding the issues from multi-element phase-change materials. —BG
Functions of Chordotonal Sensilla in Bushcrickets (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Zhantiev R. D. , Korsunovskaya O. S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Acoustic and vibrational sensitivity of single identified auditory receptors in bushcrickets was studied by electrophysiological methods. In the intermediate organ, some neurons were identified whose response to acceleration did not depend on the stimulus frequency over a significant frequency range; along with them, there were cells showing increased sensitivity to frequencies of 0.4–0.8 kHz for displacement, and/or 0.1–0.3, 1–1.2, and 1.4–3 kHz for all the vibration parameters. In addition, most of the studied receptors had a zone of increased sensitivity to highfrequency vibrations at 1.5–2.5 kHz. In the sensilla of the crista acustica, increased sensitivity was recorded at frequencies of 0.1–0.3, 0.4–0.8, 1–1.2, and 1.4–2.5 kHz. The best frequencies of a single sensillum may lie in different frequency ranges for different vibration parameters. Such differences in sensitivity to vibration acceleration, vibration velocity, and displacement, and also the different best frequencies in the receptors of the intermediate organ and the crista acustica were probably determined by differences in size, position, and morphological details of the sensilla, their own resonances, and reactions to resonance vibrations of the trachea section bearing the vibroreceptors. Thus, the chordotonal sensillum is a bifunctional mechanoreceptor which, along with auditory sensitivity, can combine the functions of both a displacement receiver and an accelerometer due to the different mechanical properties of its cells and the surrounding structures.
Preceding group A streptococcus skin and throat infections are individually associated with acute rheumatic fever: evidence from New Zealand
Authors: Oliver Jane , Bennett Julie , Thomas Sally , Zhang Jane , Pierse Nevil , Moreland Nicole J , Williamson Deborah A , Jack Susan , Baker Michael 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionAcute rheumatic fever (ARF) is usually considered a consequence of group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis, with GAS skin infections not considered a major trigger. The aim was to quantify the risk of ARF following a GAS-positive skin or throat swab.MethodsThis retrospective analysis used pre-existing administrative data. Throat and skin swab data (1 866 981 swabs) from the Auckland region, New Zealand and antibiotic dispensing data were used (2010–2017). Incident ARF cases were identified using hospitalisation data (2010–2018). The risk ratio (RR) of ARF following swab collection was estimated across selected features and timeframes. Antibiotic dispensing data were linked to investigate whether this altered ARF risk following GAS detection.ResultsARF risk increased following GAS detection in a throat or skin swab. Māori and Pacific Peoples had the highest ARF risk 8–90 days following a GAS-positive throat or skin swab, compared with a GAS-negative swab. During this period, the RR for Māori and Pacific Peoples following a GAS-positive throat swab was 4.8 (95% CI 3.6 to 6.4) and following a GAS-positive skin swab, the RR was 5.1 (95% CI 1.8 to 15.0). Antibiotic dispensing was not associated with a reduction in ARF risk following GAS detection in a throat swab (antibiotics not dispensed (RR: 4.1, 95% CI 2.7 to 6.2), antibiotics dispensed (RR: 4.3, 95% CI 2.5 to 7.4) or in a skin swab (antibiotics not dispensed (RR: 3.5, 95% CI 0.9 to 13.9), antibiotics dispensed (RR: 2.0, 95% CI 0.3 to 12.1).ConclusionsA GAS-positive throat or skin swab is strongly associated with subsequent ARF, particularly for Māori and Pacific Peoples. This study provides the first population-level evidence that GAS skin infection can trigger ARF.
Effect of microwave treatment on the thermal properties and dynamic splitting behavior of red sandstone
Authors: Yang Chun , Hassani Ferri , Zhou Keping , Xiong Xin , Wang Famin , Shao Yan 
Published: December 2021

Microwave energy is a promising application in future rock breakage operations in the civil, mining, processing, and space industries. Rock engineering projects frequently experience mechanical vibration and blasting impacts. Thus, understanding the dynamic fracturing behavior of microwave-treated rock is essential for its future application in microwave-assisted mechanical rock breakage. A customized industrial microwave system with a multimode resonant cavity was used to heat red sandstone at different microwave power levels (up to 4 kW) for a constant exposure time (4 min). The rock surface temperature distribution after microwave treatment was measured by an infrared camera. Dynamic splitting tests were conducted using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system in combination with a high-speed camera. Experimental results indicate that the rock dynamic splitting strength is negatively related to the microwave power, and the maximum reduction is 47.8%. Microwave treatment induced an obvious nonuniform temperature distribution and C-shaped surface cracks on disc specimens. During the dynamic splitting test, the crack induced by dynamic loading always initiates from the crack tip induced by microwave irradiation and then propagates along the loading diameter. The distribution of the inner high-temperature zone in the disc specimen is symmetric along the horizontal centerline of the disc specimen.
The Clinical Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Preparation on Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Zheng Hong , Du Yawei , Zhang Runlei , Chen Peilin , Ren Rong , Wu Shengxian 
Published: December 2021

Background. Ginkgo biloba leaf preparations (GLPs) are widely used in ischemic stroke, and uncertainty remains regarding their clinical efficacy. To evaluate systematically the clinical efficacy and safety of GLPs in the treatment of ischemic stroke, we examine evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods. We examine studies published prior to November 2021 that were found from searching the following sources: PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG DATA, Chongqing VIP (CQVIP) databases, and Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM). We evaluated the quality of the included references according to the Cochrane Manual of Systematic Evaluation and Meta-analysis (MA) performed using RevMan 5.2 software. Results. We included a total of 13 RCTs with clinical therapeutic effects, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), hemorheology index, and adverse reaction index as evaluation criteria. There were 631 cases in the observation group and 629 cases in the control group. MA results showed the following: NIHSS WMD = −3.89, 95% CI: [−4.22, −3.56], I2 = 19%,

P

< 0.00001. This index is often used with nerve injury and can also be used to judge the recovery of nerve function. A lower score means less nerve damage and a better chance of recovery. The BI results were WMD = 11.30, 95% CI: [9.83, 12.77], I2 = 7%,

P

< 0.00001. This index was used to assess patients’ ability to take care of themselves, with a higher score indicating a stronger ability to live independently. Clinical effective rate results were WMD = 3.79, 95% CI: [2.49, 5.78], I2 = 0%,

P

< 0.00001, and this measure can be used to evaluate the effect of treatment clearly and objectively. Hemorheological index results show that plasma viscosity has WMD = −0.16, 95% CI: [−0.20, −0.12], I2 = 40%,

P

< 0.00001 and fibrinogen (FIB) has WMD = −1.13, 95% CI: [−1.23, −1.04], I2 = 0%,

P

< 0.00001. Plasma viscosity is mainly related to the amount of fibrinogen, and fibrinogen degradation is an important function of the fibrinolytic system. The imbalance of the fibrinolytic system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction. Fibrinogen is a risk factor of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Studies have shown that the infarct size of patients with secondary cerebral infarction after CEREBRAL infarction is correlated with their FIB level. In addition, FIB elevation is also one of the risk factors for early infarction after thrombolysis. Therefore, FIB can be used as a detection index for the prevention of cerebral infarction recurrence adverse reactions. Our MA results for FIB show WMD = 0.81, 95% CI: [0.38, 1.73], I2 = 0%,

P

= 0.58, and RR < 1. Conclusion. The existing clinical evidence shows that GLP has a good therapeutic effect on patients with ischemic stroke and can improve their hemorheology indices. In addition, GLP is shown to be relatively safe.
Energy management system and supervision in a micro-grid using artificial neural network technique
Authors: Jarmouni Ezzitouni , Mouhsen Ahmed , Lamhammedi Mohammed , Ouldzira Hicham 
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, the combination of conventional and renewable energy sources such as solar energy is one of the most widespread solutions to surmount the challenge of the climate and energy crisis. In the presence of random behavior of photovoltaic systems and variable power demand by consumers, energy management is a real challenge. In this paper, we propose a new energy management technique based on artificial neural networks in a smart grid. This will ensure the continuous supply of electricity to the consumer in the presence of random operation in energy consumption and generation. The global system is modeled and simulated under the MATLAB/Simulink tool.
Efficient Commercial Classification of Agricultural Products using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Jebelli Ali , Ahmad Rafiq 
Published: December 2021

<p>Agricultural products, as essential commodities, are among the most sought-for items in superstores. Barcode is usually utilized to classify and regulate the price of products such as ornamental flowers in such stores. However, the use of barcodes on some fragile agricultural products such as ornamental flowers can be damaged and lessen their life length. Moreover, it is time-consuming and costly<em><strong> </strong></em>and may lead to the production of massive waste and damage to the environment and the admittance of chemical materials into food products that can affect human health. Consequently, we aimed to design a classifier robot to recognize ornamental flowers based on the related product image at different times and surrounding conditions. Besides, it can increase the speed and accuracy of distinguishing and classifying the products, lower the pricing time, and increase the lifetime due to the absence of the need for movement and changing the position of the products. According to the datasheets provided by the robot that is stored in its database, we provide the possibility of identifying and introducing the product in different colors and shapes. Also, due to the preparation of a standard and small database tailored to the needs of the robot, the robot will be trained in a short time (less than five minutes) without the need for an Internet connection or a large hard drive for storage the data. On the other hand, by dividing each input photo into ten different sections, the system can, without the need for a detection system, simultaneously in several different images, decorative flowers in different conditions, angles and environments, even with other objects such as vases, detects very fast with a high accuracy of 97%.</p>
«Somos estudiantes del campo»: identificaciones de jóvenes rurales en Entre Ríos (Argentina)
Authors: Schmuck Emilia 
Published: December 2021

(analítico)La extensión de la escolaridad en Argentina y la creación de escuelas secundarias en el campo ha significado transformaciones en el espacio rural y las juventudes rurales. A partir de una investigación realizada desde el enfoque histórico-etnográfico en el norte de la provincia de Entre Ríos, advertimos que la escuela secundaria es el espacio privilegiado de sociabilidad de las y los jóvenes y nos centramos en la Fiesta del Estudiante Rural para comprender los procesos de identificación de estas juventudes. La condición de juventud y la condición de estudiante están estrechamente implicadas en el espacio rural y las y los jóvenes construyen identificaciones por oposición a sus pares urbanos y en relación con el campo, entendido en tanto paisaje natural escindido de las actividades productivas y laborales de la ruralidad.
Palabras clave: Joven rural; estudiante de secundaria; educación rural; Argentina.
Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as Bridge to Replacement Therapies in Cardiogenic Shock: Insights From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization
Authors: Mastoris Ioannis , Tonna Joseph E. , Hu Jinxiang , Sauer Andrew J. , Haglund Nicholas A. , Rycus Peter , Wang Yu , Wallisch William J. , Abicht Travis O. , Danter Matthew R. , Tedford Ryan J. , Fang James C. , Shah Zubair 
Published: December 2021

Background:
There has been increasing use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as bridge to heart transplant (orthotopic heart transplant [OHT]) or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) over the last decade. We aimed to provide insights on the population, outcomes, and predictors for the selection of each therapy.

Methods:
Using the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry between 2010 and 2019, we compared in-hospital mortality and length of stay, predictors of OHT versus LVAD, and predictors of in-hospital mortality for patients with cardiogenic shock that were bridged with ECMO to OHT or LVAD. One hundred sixty-seven patients underwent LVAD versus 234 patients who underwent OHT.

Results:

The overall use of ECMO has increased from 1.7% in 2010 to 22.2% in 2019. Mortality was similar between groups (LVAD: 28.7% versus OHT: 29.1%) while length of stay was longer for OHT (LVAD: 49.6 versus OHT: 59.5 days,
P
=0.05). Factors associated with OHT included prior transplant (odds ratio [OR]=31.26 [CI, 3.84–780.5]), use of a temporary pacemaker (OR=6.5 [CI, 1.39–50.15]), and increased use of inotropes on ECMO (OR=3.77 [CI, 1.39–11.07]), whereas LVAD use was associated with weight (OR=0.98 [CI, 0.97–0.99]), cardiogenic shock presentation (OR=0.40 [CI, 0.21–0.78]), previous LVAD (OR=0.01 [CI, 0.0001–0.22]), respiratory failure (OR=0.28 [CI, 0.11–0.70]), and milrinone infusion (OR=0.32 [CI, 0.15–0.67]). Older age (OR=1.07 [CI, 1.02–1.12]), cannulation bleeding (OR=26.1 [CI, 4.32–221.3]), and surgical bleeding (OR=6.7 [CI, 1.26–39.9]) in patients receiving LVAD and respiratory failure (OR=5 [CI, 1.17–23.1]) and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR=3.82 [CI, 1.28–11.9]) in patients receiving OHT were associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions:
ECMO use as a bridge to advanced therapies has increased over time, with more patients undergoing LVAD than OHT. Mortality was equal between the 2 groups while length of stay was longer for OHT.
Proportion and Distribution of Rain and Snow in China from 1960 to 2018
Authors: Li Yun , Wang Kaicun , Wu Guocan , Mao Yuna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRainfall and snowfall have different effects on energy balance calculations and land–air interactions in terrestrial models. The identification of precipitation types is crucial to understand climate change dynamics and the utilization of water resources. However, information regarding precipitation types is not generally available. The precipitation obtained from meteorological stations across China recorded types only before 1979. This study parameterized precipitation types with air temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure from 1960 to 1979, and then identified precipitation types after 1980. Results show that the main type of precipitation in China was rainfall, and the average annual rainfall days (amounts) across China accounted for 83.08% (92.55%) of the total annual precipitation days (amounts). The average annual snowfall days (amounts) in the northwestern region accounted for 32.27% (19.31%) of the total annual precipitation days (amounts), which is considerably higher than the national average. The average annual number of rainfall and snowfall days both displayed a downward trend while the average annual amounts of these two precipitation types showed an upward trend, but without significance at 0.1 levels. The annual number of rainfall and snowfall days in the southwestern region decreased significantly (−2.27 and −0.31 day decade−1,p< 0.01). The annual rainfall amounts in the Jianghuai region increased significantly (40.70 mm decade−1,p< 0.01), and the areas with the most significant increase in snowfall amounts were the northwestern (3.64 mm decade−1,p< 0.01). These results can inform our understanding of the distribution and variation of precipitation with different types in China.