bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation of the World Council of Churches (WCC) and its first assembly in Amsterdam
Authors: Письменюк Илья 
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена созданию крупнейшей межхристианской и экуменической организации XX в. - Всемирного Совета Церквей (ВСЦ). В статье автор повествует о процессе постепенной институализации экуменического движения: объединении экуменических инициатив по направлениям деятельности и причинах, побудивших к итоговой централизации экуменизма под эгидой единого органа. Особое внимание уделяется разработке конституции и административного устройства ВСЦ, а также его первой Генеральной Ассамблее в Амстердаме, лёгшей в основу объединения в рядах ВСЦ как различных экуменических инициатив, так и множества христианских конфессий.
The article by Ilya Nikolaevich Pismenyuk, lecturer in the Department of Church History, is devoted to the creation of the largest inter-Christian and ecumenical organization of the 20th century. - The World Council of Churches (WCC). In the article the author describes the process of the gradual institutionalization of the ecumenical movement: the unification of ecumenical initiatives in their activities and the reasons that prompted the final centralization of ecumenism under a unified body. Special attention is given to the development of the constitution and administrative structure of the WCC and its first General Assembly in Amsterdam, which formed the basis for the unification of various ecumenical initiatives as well as many Christian denominations within the WCC.
St. Philaret of Moscow in the writings of MDA students of the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Authors: Кривоногов Сергей Сергеевич 
Published: September 2021

В статье представлен материал по студенческим сочинениям МДА конца XIX - начала XX века, посвящённым святителю Филарету Московскому. До сих пор эта тема остаётся малоизученной; в то же время к ней наблюдается повышенный интерес. Кратко рассмотрена статистика по студенческим работам: их количество, объём и качество работ, успешность их защиты, а также биографии и научные интересы научных руководителей и рецензентов. Отмечаются особо значимые факты защит работ, которые, по отзывам, имели большое количество недостатков, но были успешно защищены на хорошие оценки. Также иногда научными руководителями были не специалисты в данной области, научная деятельность которых была связана с другой специализацией. Все работы, конечно, представляют определённый научный интерес.
This article presents material on MDA students' essays on St. Philaret of Moscow in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To date, this topic has been little studied; at the same time, there has been increased interest in it. A brief review of statistics on students' submissions is given, including their number, volume and quality, and the success of their defence, as well as the biographies and research interests of the authors and reviewers. Particularly noteworthy are the facts of the defence of works, which, according to reviews, had a large number of deficiencies, but were successfully defended with good marks. Also, sometimes the supervisors were not specialists in the field, and their scientific activity was related to another specialisation. All the papers are, of course, of a certain scientific interest.
The bonds of the Royal Passion-Bearers of Yekaterinburg
Authors: Муренец Костантин Александрович 
Published: September 2021

В статье описывается период заключения царской семьи в Екатеринбурге в Доме особого назначения с 30 апреля по 17 июля 1918 года. Рассмотрены условия жизни царской семьи в Доме особого назначения по воспоминаниям современников, находившихся рядом с Государем и его семьёй. Также по имеющимся документам, которые хранятся в архивах, следует отметить следующее: условия содержания царской семьи в Доме особого назначения действительно являлись тюремными. Царственным узникам воспрещалось с кем-либо общаться. Прогулки со временем сократили. Окна были замазаны краской, и тем самым создавался полумрак в помещениях дома. В жаркие дни лета долгое время не разрешалось открывать форточку для проветривания помещения, и вследствие этого стояла невыносимая духота в комнатах, где находились узники. Отношение солдат было грубым. В конце пребывания царской семьи в Доме особого назначения поменяли коменданта Авдеева на Юровского, так как Авдеев больше не устраивал руководство из центра. Именно комендант Юровский и его команда совершили убийство царской семьи в июле 1918 года.
The article describes the period of imprisonment of the Tsar's family in Ekaterinburg in the House of Special Purpose from April 30 to July 17, 1918. The conditions of the Tsar's family's life in the Special Purpose House according to the memories of contemporaries who were close to the Tsar and his family have been considered. Also from the available documents, which are stored in archives, the following should be noted: the living conditions of the royal family in the house of special designation were indeed prison conditions. The tsar's prisoners were forbidden to communicate with anyone. Walks were reduced over time. The windows were covered with paint, thereby creating penumbra in the rooms of the house. On hot summer days the windows were not opened for a long time in order to ventilate the rooms and as a result it was unbearably stuffy in the rooms where the prisoners were kept. The attitude of the soldiers was rude. At the end of the Tsar's family's stay in the house of special purpose changed commandant Avdeev for Jurowski, as Avdeev no longer suited the leadership of the centre. It was Commandant Yurovsky and his team who committed the murder of the Tsarist family in July 1918.
The Problem of Religious Tolerance in the "Feedback of Diocesan Bishops on the Question of Church Reform" (1905-1906)
Authors: Спицын Сергий 
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена обсуждению положения Русской Православной Церкви в 1905 году в связи с вопросом введения веротерпимости. Поводом стал манифест «Об укреплении начал веротерпимости». Закон предоставил свободу всем вероисповеданиям, но никак не коснулся положения Православия. Всё это вызвало массовые дискуссии в церковном обществе, в которых особое место занимала проблема веротерпимости. Отражением обсуждений этого вопроса стали «Отзывы епархиальных архиереев по церковной реформе». В них высшее духовенство давало оценку положению Православной Церкви в условиях нового манифеста. Одни считали закон положительным явлением для церковной жизни, другие, опровергая это мнение, критиковали закон. Несмотря на разногласие во мнениях, все архиереи были сторонниками преобразований с целью активизации деятельности Православной Церкви.
The article is devoted to a discussion of the situation of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1905 in connection with the question of the introduction of religious tolerance. The occasion was the manifesto "On Strengthening the Principles of Religious Tolerance". The law gave freedom to all faiths, but did not affect the position of Orthodoxy. All this gave rise to mass discussions in church society in which the problem of religious toleration had a special place. A reflection of the debates on this question was the Review of the Diocesan Hierarchs on Church Reform. In these, the higher clergy gave their assessment of the position of the Orthodox Church in the face of the new manifesto. Some regarded the law as a positive phenomenon for Church life, while others, refuting this view, voiced their criticism of the law. Despite the differences of opinion, all the bishops were in favour of change, in order to revitalise the activities of the Orthodox Church.
The Revolution and the Revolutionaries: A View of the Conservative Publicists of the Church Periodicals of 1905-1907
Authors: Липовецкий Павел Евгеньевич 
Published: September 2021

В статье раскрывается отношение православных публицистов консервативного направления к событиям Первой русской революции 1905-1907 гг. Анализ понятийного аппарата авторов позволил выявить два важнейших понятия, служивших для выражения отношения к революции: «смута» и «враги». Смута по своей сути отождествлялась авторами материалов с периодом начала XVII в. Вместе с нестабильностью как чертой времени в их глазах важной чертой была и необходимость защищать Родину от угрожавших ей «врагов». В определение последних публицисты вкладывали целый набор черт - от внешнего вида и манеры поведения до оценки их духовного состояния. Вместе с тем «враги» в статьях разделялись на внешних и внутренних в зависимости от происхождения и методов борьбы.
The article studies the attitude of orthodox publicists of conservative direction to the events of the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907. The analysis of the authors' conceptual apparatus reveals the two most important concepts used to express their attitude to the revolution: "distemper" and "enemies". The authors of the material identified Troubles in its essence with the time of the beginning of the 17th century. Along with instability as a feature of the times, an important feature in their eyes was the need to defend the homeland from the "enemies" who threatened it. Publicists defined the latter by a whole set of traits ranging from physical appearance and mannerisms to an assessment of their spiritual state. At the same time, the "enemies" in the articles were divided into external and internal, depending on their origins and methods of struggle.
Peculiarities of correspondence in the camps of the USSR in the 1920s and 30s
Authors: Баталов Кирилл Александрович 
Published: September 2021

Настоящая статья посвящена особенностям переписки в среде заключённых в концентрационных лагерях СССР в период 1920-30-х годов на примере Соловецкого лагеря особого назначения. Описана доставка официальной почты и неофициальные способы коммуникаций, распространённые в среде узников лагеря, в условиях информационной изоляции, искусственно организованной советской властью. Соловецкий лагерь особого назначения выбран как первый масштабный объект концентрации заключённых в годы гонений и даёт наглядное представление об оформлении почтовых отправлений и работе самой лагерной почты. Раскрыта роль духовенства, сосредоточенного в Соловецком лагере в обороте писем и посылок. Сравниваются особенности переписки в царское и советское время.
This article describes the specifics of correspondence among prisoners in Soviet concentration camps in the 1920s and 1930s, using the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp as an example. The authors focus on the delivery of official mail and unofficial methods of communication which were common among the camp inmates, under the conditions of informational isolation which was artificially created by the Soviet regime. Solovetsky Special Camp is chosen as the first large-scale concentration facility for prisoners during the persecution years and provides a vivid insight into the design of postal items and the workings of the camp mail itself. The role of the clergy in the Solovetsky Camp in the circulation of letters and parcels is described. Comparisons are made between tsarist and Soviet era correspondence.
On the methodology of teaching church history
Authors: Первушин Михаил Викторович 
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена вопросам методологии, встающим перед современными исследователями в области гуманитарного знания, в частности проблемам междисциплинарных связей в церковно-исторической науке и опасности редукционизма. Процесс широкой дифференциации научных дисциплин неразрывно связан с образованием в XIX веке. Такое положение обеспечило бурное развитие науки. Примером служат исторические дисциплины Московского университета. Целый ряд учёных историков высказывался за широкое взаимодействие наук при изучении истории. Задачей исторической науки стало избежать редукционизма, уйти от обособленного, узко понимаемого исторического исследования, практиковать его многонаправленность, то есть интегральность. Освободиться истории от однонаправленности помогает филология. Историк, осмысливающий природу социальной информации, которую он воспринимает через исторический источник (как правило, текст), и, с другой стороны, литературовед, исследующий природу информации, воспринимаемой посредством того же текста, выходят за пределы узкопрофессиональных исследовательских целей и задач, и сближение их исследовательских подходов представляется весьма перспективным. Теории и методология, заимствованные из литературоведения, оказали существенное влияние на современное состояние исторического знания. Чем более широким кругом компетенций будет обладать специалист, тем более качественные исследования он сможет осуществлять в рамках конкретной научной области.
The article is devoted to methodological issues facing contemporary researchers in the field of humanities, in particular the problems of interdisciplinary links in church-historical scholarship and the dangers of reductionism. The process of wide differentiation of scientific disciplines is inseparably connected with education in XIX century. This situation ensured a rapid development of science. The historical disciplines of Moscow University serve as an example. A number of historians advocated a broad interaction of the sciences in the study of history. The task of historical science was to avoid reductionism, to move away from isolated, narrowly understood historical research, to practice its multidirectionality, i.e. integrality. Philology helps history to free itself from one-sidedness. The historian, who comprehends the nature of social information, which he perceives through a historical source (usually a text), and, on the other hand, the literary scholar, who studies the nature of information perceived through the same text, go beyond narrow professional research goals and objectives, and the convergence of their research approaches seems very promising. The theories and methodology borrowed from literary studies have had a significant impact on the current state of historical knowledge. The broader the range of competences a professional possesses, the better research he/she will be able to carry out within a particular scientific field.
EFFECT OF ONE MONTH DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING ON PEAKEXPIRATORY FLOW RATE AND BREATH HOLDING TIME
Authors: Bhardwaj Praveen , Bhardwaj Reena , Singh Prerna , Mishra Devendra 
Published: September 2021

Practice of yoga based relaxation techniques has been associated with various physiological changes in our body. The long term practice of these techniques has been reported to improve the pulmonary functions. However, the study on effects of short term diaphragmatic breathing on lung functions is yet lacking. Therefore, the present analytical study was conducted to find the changes in pulmonary functions after practising diaphragmatic breathing for one month among (n=40; 20 males and 20 females) 1st year MBBS students aged between 18-20 years. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and breathe holding time (BHT) was recorded in these subjects before and after one month of practising diaphragmatic breathing. There was a significant increase in both PEFR and BHT after 1month of diaphragmatic breathing manoeuvre depicting the beneficial of diaphragmatic breathing on pulmonary functions.
Key words: Yoga; Pulmonary functions; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Breath Holding Time
PRESS STRONG CONCRETE ADDED SHELL OF KEONG SAWAH
Authors: Gumilang Pandu Dimas , Safarisky Hendramawat Aski , Marwahyudi Marwahyudi 
Published: September 2021

Concrete is a building structure whose development is relatively fast because it is an important part of development. Shells of <em>keong sawah</em>, which are pests for rice plants, can also be used as an added material in making concrete because they contain a large amount of calcium carbonate. This study aims to determine the effect of adding shells of <em>keong sawah</em> on the compressive strength of concrete with a variation of 0% and 15% on the weight of cement. This research was conducted using a cylindrical concrete specimen with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm. The results showed that the addition of 15% powder shells of <em>keong sawah</em> had an increase in compressive strength, namely 31.1 MPa when compared to the 0% variation with a compressive strength value of 25.6 MPa. It can be concluded that in this study the addition shells of <em>keong sawah</em> 15% by weight of cement can increase the compressive strength of the concrete.<br /><pre> </pre>
Investigating the Relationship between Proficiency Level and Perceived Test Consequences: A Case Study of Iranian High School Students
Authors: Khodabakhshzadeh Hossein , Khosravani Mahmood 
Published: September 2021

Aimed at promoting the consequential validity of high-stakes test, unexpected aspects of assessment process which negatively affect the learning process have been investigated by researchers in the last decades. Since discovering those variables that contribute to adverse test consequences is necessary for any successful intervention, the current study was an attempt to shed light on the relationship between proficiency level of examinees and their perception of test impacts. To this purpose, 63 third grade male students studying for a high-stakes exam were selected through convenience sampling from three different high schools in the city of Birjand. A teacher developed proficiency test was then administered and participants were either assigned to high-proficiency group (N=34) or low-proficiency group (N=29). Then, using an interview protocol and conducting a content analysis of the interviews, students were either placed at social or psychological impact groups on the bases f the frequency of their answers to different items of the interview. The obtained data were entered into SPSS (version 21) and analyzed through Chi Square test to determine the goodness of fit. A significant interaction was found (X2 (1) = 6.647, p = 0.01). It was concluded that high proficiency students are more likely to perceive test consequences (54.0%) than low-proficiency group (46%). Besides, on the basis of Phi and Crammers’ V symmetric measures, the strength of the association between the variable was 0.325 which shows a medium effect of proficiency level on type of perceived test consequence. These findings have implication for language teachers, language learners, researchers and educational decision makers.
O tempo e o Direito do Trabalho no Brasil da pandemia de Covid-19: quatro teses inspiradas em François Ost
Authors: Soares José Luiz 
Published: September 2021

Trata-se de uma reflexão inspirada na teoria de François Ost sobre como a noção de tempo pode contribuir para pensar o Direito do Trabalho. São apresentadas quatro teses a respeito da relação entre o tempo e a situação do Direito do Trabalho no Brasil durante a pandemia de Covid-19: 1) O neoliberalismo vem subvertendo os sentidos conferidos pela Constituição Federal de 1988 para o ordenamento jurídico-político brasileiro e essa subversão teve um capítulo à parte durante a pandemia. 2) O enfrentamento da pandemia se deu com uma grande aceleração do tempo jurídico, o que deteriorou o Direito do Trabalho. 3) Na conjuntura da pandemia, o choque entre diferentes temporalidades fomentou desigualdades e vulnerabilidades. 4) O neoliberalismo e a aceleração do tempo jurídico trouxeram sérios impactos para as possibilidades de mobilização coletiva e para a democracia. Para desenvolver a reflexão, foram analisadas medidas provisórias, leis trabalhistas, ações judiciais, estatísticas socioeconômicas, matérias jornalísticas e entrevistas com atores sociais selecionados.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tempo. Direito do trabalho. Neoliberalismo. Pandemia.
Changes in Serum Calcium, Albumin and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Saha Kamana Rani , Das Susmita , Islam Shahidul , Hasan AHM , Afrose Rafika , Mia Md Abdur Razzaque 
Published: September 2021

A case-control cross-sectional study was carried out to observe the changes in serum calcium, albumin and alkaline phosphatase levels of postmenopausal women compared to their premenopausal counterparts. This is to enable us ascertain the relative risk of developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Bangladesh. One hundred and eighteen (118) apparently healthy females (59 premenopausal=control and 59 postmenopausal=case) were selected for the study. The study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College in cooperation with the Department of Gynecology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital and Community Based Medical College Hospital Bangladesh during the period from January to December 2009. Data were collected through clinical evaluation from pre-selected questionnaires. Fasting venous blood samples were taken for laboratory investigations. Serum calcium and albumin was determined using colorimetric method and enzymatic end point method was used to determine serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Statistical significance of difference between two groups were evaluated by using Student's unpaired 't' test with the help of SPSS software package. The results showed statistically significant decrease in serum calcium and albumin (p<0.01) of menopausal women compared to reproductive age group. The postmenopausal women had significantly higher (p<0.01) concentrations of serum alkaline phosphatase than the premenopausal women with regular menstruation. Therefore, it can be concluded that menopause leads to the increased risk of osteoporosis by decreasing serum calcium and albumin and by increasing alkaline phosphatase levels. The decreased serum calcium and increased alkaline phosphatase levels indicate that menopause is an independent risk factor for developing osteoporosis in women of Bangladesh.
CBMJ 2019 July: Vol. 08 No. 02 P: 30-35
Acute kidney injury associated with ingestion of star fruit: Acute oxalate nephropathy: a report of two cases
Authors: Hasan Mahmud Javed , Ray Nitai Chandra , Islam Shaikh Shariful , Nahid Shakil Azam , Shom Tumpa , Gosh Proloy , Md Saifullah Abu Torab 
Published: September 2021

There are few case reports regarding star fruit's nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in chronic kidney disease patients. Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) is commonly consumed as a herbal remedy for various ailments in tropical countries. However, the dangers associated with consumption of star fruit are not commonly known. Although star fruit induced oxalate nephrotoxicity in those with existing renal impairment is well documented, reports on its effect on those with normal renal function are infrequent. We report two unique clinical presentation patterns of star fruit nephrotoxicity following consumption of the fruit. The first patient is a 52 year-old male diabetic patient who had normal renal function prior to developing acute kidney injury (AKI) after consuming large amount of star fruit juice at once for remedy of diabetes. The second patient, a 27 years old young male who developed acute kidney injury following star fruit ingestion in empty stomach. One case needed 4 sessions of hemodialysis another case recovered over 2 weeks without the need for haemodialysis. Consumption of star fruit, especially on an empty stomach or in a state of dehydration may precipitate acute kidney injury. A history of star fruit ingestion must be actively looked for in patients presenting with unexplained acute kidney injury. The use of star fruit as a therapy for diabetes should be discouraged.
CBMJ 2019 July: Vol. 08 No. 02 P: 47-51