bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unilateral Thoracoscopic Thymectomy for Thymoma: Does Side Matter? A Single Institutional Experience
Authors: Tamburini Nicola , D'Urbano Francesco , Bagolini Francesco , Trapella Giulia Salerno , Quarantotto Francesco , Cavallesco Giorgio , Maniscalco Pio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Thoracoscopic thymectomy is increasingly performed for the treatment of early stage thymoma. It is characterized by shorter postoperative hospital stay, decreased intraoperative blood loss, and fewer complications compared with transsternal thymectomy. Unilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) thymectomy can be easily performed from either side of the thorax, because thymus is located in the middle of mediastinum. However, the side that provides better outcomes remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of right and left approaches in performing unilateral thoracoscopic thymectomy for thymoma.
Methods Consecutive patients affected by thymoma who underwent VATS thymectomy on either side between February 2001 and March 2020 were enrolled in the study. Clinicopathologic, surgical, and oncological outcomes were retrospectively analyzed and compared among the two surgical approaches.
Results Unilateral VATS approaches were performed on 29 patients: 12 (41%) on the left side and 17 (59%) on the right side. The mean age was 63.1 ± 11.3 years and the female/male ratio was 1.73:1. The mean operative time and the hospital stay for the left-side VATS and right-side VATS groups were, respectively, 168 ± 49.5 versus 171 ± 47.9 minutes (p = 0.9) and 3 ± 1.03 days versus 3.65 ± 1.93 days (p = 0.7). Postoperative complications occurred in one patient (3%) for left-side VATS group and one patient (3%) for right-side VATS. The 5-year disease-free survival was comparable between two groups (p = 0.74).
Conclusion Unilateral VATS thymectomy in patients with thymoma can be safely and effectively performed by experienced surgeons in either side of the thorax with equivalent oncological outcomes.
Ventricular Assist Device Driveline Infections: A Systematic Review
Authors: Krzelj Kristina , Petricevic Mate , Gasparovic Hrvoje , Biocina Bojan , McGiffin David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInfection is the most common complication in patients undergoing ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation. Driveline exit site (DLES) infection is the most frequent VAD infection and is a significant cause of adverse events in VAD patients, contributing to morbidity, even mortality, and repetitive hospital readmissions. There are many risk factors for driveline infection (DLI) including younger age, smaller constitution of patients, obesity, exposed velour at the DLES, longer duration of device support, lower cardiac index, higher heart failure score, DLES trauma, and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and depression. The incidence of DLI depends also on the device type. Numerous measures to prevent DLI currently exist. Some of them are proven, whereas the others remain controversial. Current recommendations on DLES care and DLI management are predominantly based on expert consensus and clinical experience of the certain centers. However, careful and uniform DLES care including obligatory driveline immobilization, previously prepared sterile dressing change kits, and continuous patient education are probably crucial for prevention of DLI. Diagnosis and treatment of DLI are often challenging because of certain immunological alterations in VAD patients and microbial biofilm formation on the driveline surface areas. Although there are many conservative and surgical methods described in the DLI treatment, the only possible permanent solution for DLI resolution in VAD patients is heart transplantation. This systematic review brings a comprehensive synthesis of recent data on the prevention, diagnostic workup, and conservative and surgical management of DLI in VAD patients.
Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor with Silastic Scaffold on Tympanic Membrane Perforations of Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Bhat Vikram Kemmannu , Desai Suhas Suresh , Hiremath Darshan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims The burden of chronic otitis media continues to be high, especially in developing countries. The demand for corrective procedure of surgical myringoplasty, which is considered the gold standard for tympanic membrane perforations, is also growing. Hence, there is a need to innovate simpler alternative office procedures that could save effort, time, waiting period, and expenditure.
Materials and Methods This prospective study of 84 patients with mucosal chronic otitis media was undertaken in a tertiary referral hospital. All patients underwent eustachian tube function test, diagnostic nasal endoscopy, and pure tone audiometry. The size of the perforation was assessed endoscopically. All perforations were freshened first with silver nitrate solution. Silastic pieces were placed medial and lateral to the perforation with epidermal growth factor gel in between. Patients were followed up for 3 months.
Results The perforations were classified into three groups (healed, partially healed, and nonhealed) based on the treatment response at the end of the first and third follow-up months. Completely healed and partially healed perforations were considered as “success” and were found to be 79% in this study. Significant association was found between healing status and type of anesthesia. However, the disease stage, size of perforation, and the duration of procedure did not affect the healing status.
Conclusion Silastic enhanced myringoplasty with epidermal growth factor is a simple, effective, and economical procedure that can become an alternative to surgical myringoplasty for chronic otitis media.
MRI T2-Weighted Cochlear Intensity as a Predictor of Hearing Loss with Vestibular Schwannoma Patients
Authors: Luong Peter Q. , Cabrera Claudia I. , Patil Nirav , Khan Hammad , Lagman Carlito , Ostergard Thomas A. , Huang Gary , Bambikidas Nicholas C. , Mowry Sarah E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective It is difficult to predict how hearing loss will progress with vestibular schwannomas (VSs) and to determine the optimal time for hearing preservation interventions. This study investigated the relationship between cochlear intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and hearing loss in VS patients over time.
Design Retrospective cohort study.
Setting Single major academic center.
Participants Patients with a diagnosis of VS from 2007 to 2018.
Main Outcome Measures Pure tone average (PTA) and cochlear-to-pontine relative signal intensity (RSI) measured at two time points.
Results Fifty patients were included in the final analysis. For both affected and unaffected ears, the trend in PTA increased from baseline to follow-up. For affected ears, the trend in RSI increased from baseline to follow-up, while for the unaffected ears RSI decreased. There was a significant positive correlation between the initial RSI value in the ipsilateral ear when compared with the change in PTA from baseline to follow-up (r = 0.28, p = 0.048).
Conclusion There is a trend between initial RSI and how hearing changes in the affected ears of patients with VS. Additional studies are needed to explore how this relationship may be better used to predict hearing loss.
Duodenal Ganglioneuroma: A Rare Tumor Causing Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed
Authors: Dhali Arkadeep , Ray Sukanta , Dhali Gopal Krishna , Ghosh Ranajoy , Sarkar Avik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeuroblastic tumors (NTs) include neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma (GN). They are very rare in adults. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results identified 144 patients ≥20 years old at diagnosis (6.1%) from 1973 to 2002. GNs account for 14% of all localized NT. Since 1957, a total of four cases of GN of the duodenum have been reported. We report a novel case of GN of the periampullary region in the duodenum in a 41-year-old man presenting with chronic upper gastrointestinal bleed. Given the rarity of GNs in this age group and the nonspecificity of radiological features, this diagnosis is often missed until histopathology is done. This may negatively affect the prognosis of an otherwise well-prognosticated disease.
A new criterion for evaluating the extinction abilities of moving droplets: Applied for radiative thermal shielding
Authors: Du Yongcheng , Liu Boyun 
Published: September 2021

In this study, the thermal shielding ability of sprays and the accompanying scientific problem of the optimal extinction diameter of moving droplets have been analyzed with the Lagrangian model and Mie theory under the overall consideration of dynamical and optical characteristics. A correction factor is introduced to eliminate the forward scattering effects of large droplets. Then, a new variable, named the thermal shielding index, has been presented as a criterion evaluating the extinction abilities of moving droplets, which analyzed the extinction performance during the whole lifetime of droplets. According to the evaluation method defined in this paper, the optimal extinction diameters obtained based on the thermal shielding index are far greater than those obtained based on the optical properties. In addition, if the initial droplet sizes were relatively large, the upward injection way will perform better than the downward injection way for a longer traveling distance and, of course, a longer lifetime.
Fabrication of L1-FeNi films with island structures by nitrogen insertion and topotactic extraction for improved coercivity
Authors: Nishio Takahiro , Kura Hiroaki , Ito Keita , Takanashi Koki , Yanagihara Hideto 
Published: September 2021

Conventional permanent magnets that exhibit high-saturation magnetizations and coercivities contain rare earth elements or noble metals, which renders them economically unsustainable. L10-FeNi alloy, which does not contain such elements, possesses excellent magnetic properties even at high temperatures. However, the coercivity of the fabricated alloy is much lower than its potential coercivity. In this study, to investigate the temperature dependence of L10-FeNi and its magnetic properties in the vicinity of the single magnetic domain size, L10-FeNi island structures were fabricated via sputter deposition of a FeNi alloy and subsequent application of the nitrogen insertion and topotactic extraction method. The crystallinity of FeNiN in the islands improved during the nitriding process, whereas in the denitriding process, the isolation of the islands for magnetic decoupling proceeded owing to volume shrinkage during phase transition. The superlattice structures in each process were confirmed based on transmission electron microscopy diffraction patterns. By varying the nominal film thickness, it was found that a 20 nm film containing island structures, which had undergone a complete denitriding reaction and showed particle sizes close to the single magnetic domain size, exhibited the highest coercivity (188 kA/m at 10 K) reported thus far. Even at 600 K, the coercivity was only reduced by 15% compared to that at 300 K. These results suggest that L10-FeNi with a controlled island structure is a promising magnetic material with good heat resistance.
MAX mutant small-cell lung cancers exhibit impaired activities of MGA-dependent noncanonical polycomb repressive complex
Authors: Llabata Paula , Torres-Diz Manuel , Gomez Antonio , Tomas-Daza Laureano , Romero Octavio A. , Grego-Bessa Joaquim , Llinas-Arias Pere , Valencia Alfonso , Esteller Manel , Javierre Biola M. , Zhang Xiaoyang , Sanchez-Cespedes Montse 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceThe MYC axis is commonly disrupted in cancer, mostly by activation of the MYC oncogenes but also by genetic inactivation of MAX, the obligate partner of MYC, and of the MAX partner MGA, both of which are members of the polycomb repressive complex ncPRC1.6. While the oncogenic properties of the MYC family have been extensively studied, those of the MAX-deficient cells and the role of MGA in MAX mutant cells remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that MAX-deficient SCLCs cells have either ASCL1 or NEUROD1 or combined characteristics. Furthermore, our data reveal that the lack of available MAX restricts MGA occupancy in gene promoters and, although the ncPRC1.6 can still be formed, there is a deficient ncPRC1.6-mediated gene repression.
The macrophage odorant receptor Olfr78 mediates the lactate-induced M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: Vadevoo Sri Murugan Poongkavithai , Gunassekaran Gowri Rangaswamy , Lee ChaeEun , Lee NaHye , Lee Jiyoun , Chae Sehyun , Park Jae-Yong , Koo JaeHyung , Lee Byungheon 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Expression and function of odorant receptors (ORs) are being increasingly reported in nonolfactory sites. However, ORs that can be targeted by drugs to treat diseases remain poorly identified. Here, we hypothesized that the macrophage OR Olfr78 functions as a tumor-derived lactate sensor and shapes the macrophage–tumor axis. Olfr78 and the G protein–coupled receptor Gpr132 form a heterodimer that senses lactate in the tumor microenvironment, leading to generation of tumor-associated macrophages with a protumoral M2 phenotype, which promotes tumor progression and metastasis. Our findings suggest an alternative strategy for cancer treatment, namely targeting the interaction between tumor-derived metabolites and ORs.
One-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures: Growth mechanism and handedness correlation revealed by nondestructive TEM
Authors: Zheng Yongjia , Kumamoto Akihito , Hisama Kaoru , Otsuka Keigo , Wickerson Grace , Sato Yuta , Liu Ming , Inoue Taiki , Chiashi Shohei , Tang Dai-Ming , Zhang Qiang , Anisimov Anton , Kauppinen Esko I. , Li Yan , Suenaga Kazu , Ikuhara Yuichi , Maruyama Shigeo , Xiang Rong 
Published: September 2021

Significance
We recently synthesized coaxially nested one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures in which boron nitride nanotubes or molybdenum disulfide nanotubes grew seamlessly on a single-walled carbon nanotube template. In this work, edge structures, nucleation sites, and crystal epitaxial relationships in heteronanotubes are unambiguously revealed by a nondestructive transmission electron microscopic technique. These understandings, together with the characterization technique developed here, can help to optimize the synthesis process. Structure-controlled heteronanotubes may, ultimately, be used to build nanoscale devices such as gate-all-around nanotube transistors.
Local- and regional-scale racial and ethnic disparities in air pollution determined by long-term mobile monitoring
Authors: Chambliss Sarah E. , Pinon Carlos P.R. , Messier Kyle P. , LaFranchi Brian , Upperman Crystal Romeo , Lunden Melissa M. , Robinson Allen L. , Marshall Julian D. , Apte Joshua S. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
It is known, to researchers and heavily impacted communities, that people of color face a higher average burden of air pollution. It was unknown whether racial/ethnic disparities were caused by spatial heterogeneities at the level of city blocks, neighborhoods, or urban regions. Our approach leverages a unique set of highly local observations, covering every city block of 13 cities and urban districts that are home to 450,000 people. We find that even for pollutants with steep localized gradients, differences in average outdoor concentrations among racial/ethnic groups are driven by regional variability. However, localized peaks indicate opportunities to reduce extremes within groups. The methods and findings of this study can inform strategies to reduce disparities in urban air pollution exposure.
The effect of input modes and number of exposures on the learning of L2 binomials
Authors: Alotaibi Sara , Pellicer-Sánchez Ana , Conklin Kathy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Despite the importance of mastering different types of formulaic sequences in a second language, little is known about the relative effect of different input modes on their acquisition. This study explores the learning of a particular type of formulaic language (binomials) in three input modes (reading-only, listening-only, and reading-while-listening) at different frequencies of exposure (2, 4, 5 and 6 occurrences). Arabic learners of English were presented with three stories, each in a different mode, that contained novel binomials (e.g., wires and pipes) and existing binomials (e.g., brother and sister). Two post-tests (multiple-choice and familiarity ratings) assessed learners’ knowledge of the binomials. Results showed that reading-only and reading-while-listening led to better performance on the tasks than listening-only. Frequency of exposure had an effect on the perceived familiarity of binomials.
Translating in the contact zone
Authors: Vidal Claramonte Mª Carmen África 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze the hybrid language used in the U.S. by a generation who think brown and write brown. I am referring to the so-calledone-and-a-halfers, a generation that includes writers such as Gloria Anzaldúa, Cherríe Moraga, Sandra Cisneros, Pat Mora, Ilan Stavans, Ana Lydia Vega, Ana Castillo, Helena Viramontes, Esmeralda Santiago, or Tato Laviera, to name but a few. I aim to analyze how many migrants and refugees use language in a way that destroys consensus. It is in these spaces where the migration movements of the multiple souths talk back in a weird language which the Establishment fears. In these circumstances, translation becomes a tool to raise questions that disturb the universal promises of monolingualism.
Probing the anisotropic distribution of baryon matter in the Universe using fast radio bursts *
Authors: Lin Hai-Nan , Sang Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We propose that fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be used as probes to constrain the possible anisotropic distribution of baryon matter in the Universe. Monte Carlo simulations show that 400 (800) FRBs are sufficient to detect the anisotropy at a 95% (99%) confidence level if the dipole amplitude has an order of magnitude of 0.01. However, more FRBs are required to tightly constrain the dipole direction. Even 1000 FRBs are insufficient to constrain the dipole direction within the angular uncertainty

at a 95% confidence level. The uncertainty on the dispersion measure of a host galaxy does not significantly affect the results. However, if the dipole amplitude is in the region of 0.001, 1000 FRBs are not enough to correctly detect the anisotropic signal.
Vertical Displacement of a Single Pile Due to Axial & Lateral Loads
Authors: Gunawan S , Surjandari N S , Setiawan B , Purwana Y M P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pile foundation supports the upper structure to the subgrade, generally vertical loads. Still, if horizontal loads are very dominant, such as bridges, tall buildings, and tower structures, it must be calculated. Pile foundations with combined loads are generally analyzed. The axial load is first to determine the axial carrying capacity and vertical displacement, then the lateral load to determine the lateral bearing capacity and lateral deflection. In the field, the two loads work together/simulant. In Indonesia, loading tests do not simultaneously, so in construction, it does not account for the additional vertical displacement and lateral deflection due to the load that works simulant. However, there has been an association in ASTM D3966-07 about the simulant loading test. This research will investigate the analysis and experimental laboratory, the effect of vertical displacement on a single pile foundation, as the effect of combined loads. Also, it gets a relationship that can be used as a reference for analyzing additional vertical displacement due to combined loads on pile foundations based on available independent loading test. The research will be divided into two stages. Stage I is an analysis with the Finite Element Method (FEM) approach. Phase II is a laboratory model experimental test, which is inbox (100x100x80) cm3 filled silty sand soil as an illustration of conditions in the field, single pile foundation using steel with a length of 50cm and 60cm, the diameter of 1.5cm and 2cm, with axial and lateral load variations and combined loads. The results obtained show that after adding vertical load (Pu) about 5x, lateral load (Hu) on (Pu/Hu > 5) and the vertical displacement stays like the loading test until it collapses. Another (Pu/Hu ≤ 5), the lateral load, will increase the significant vertical movement due to the combination load. With axial load five times greater than lateral load, there is no increase in vertical displacement. Still, at an axial load less than five times the lateral load, there is an increase in vertical displacement that needs to be considered.
Study of Pedestrians Proportion to Roadside Friction Index
Authors: Radjawane Louise Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractActivities of land use on the roadside have an impact on traffic. The more roadside activities increasingly affect the performance of the road section. This research was conducted on 2/2 UD type of road and the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the proportion of roadside friction (pedestrians) to traffic characteristics and roadside friction index on access roads of Makassar Municipality and Gowa Regency. Greenshields model is used to determine the relationship between speed-flow-density. The results showed pedestrians are very influential in the average speed of space and free-flow speed. The greater the proportion of pedestrians as roadside friction, the value of the roadside friction index increases, but the value of the average speed of space and free flow speed decreases. Motorized vehicles will run slower to avoid or adjust to the pedestrian speed, especially light vehicles and heavy vehicles, yet the addition of the pedestrian does not significantly affect the movement of motorcycles.
Study on the Readiness of the Regional Government of South Sulawesi for the Mamminasata Urban Railway Project with Non-State Budget/Regional Budget Financing
Authors: Utama A G , Ramli I , Dwiatmoko H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Non-Budget Financing The government raises alternative sources of financing to be used to contribute the financing strategic national infrastructure projects that have commercial value and have an impact on improving the Indonesian economy. One example of this scheme is PPP (Government and Business Entity Cooperation). The purpose of this study was to see the readiness of the South Sulawesi regional government in the Mamminasata Urban Railway Project with Non-State Budget / Regional Budget Financing. It is believed that the Public-Private Partnership Scheme with Business Entities (PPP) was believed to be alternative financing that can improve infrastructure development and the efficiency of development implementation which creates the quality of a product and service in the distribution of capital and risk as well as the competence of human resource expertise together. It was hoped that the PPP Project in the construction of the Mamminasata Urban Railway Infrastructure could become a way out in Non-State Budget / Regional Budget financing and become a solution by the National Mid-Term Development Plan (NMTDP) and Regional Mid-Term Development Plan (RMTDP) to achieve the construction of a 3258 Km railway line. The suggestion put forward into this study is the government needs to establish a transportation management body that integrates all modes of transportation and manages commercial areas following the authority of the PJPK in increasing revenue for an investment return on Availability Payment (AP).