bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile of fever in patients admitted through the outpatient department in a North Indian tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Salh Gurpreet Kaur , Gupta Veenu , Kaur Harpreet , Ahluwalia Srishti , Ahluwalia Saumya 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Febrile illnesses are a common cause of morbidity and mortality and present diagnostic challenge, especially in the absence of reliable data in India. Fever has varying aetiologies such as infections, connective tissue disorders and malignancies. The infections may be indistinguishable clinically, and appropriate management will depend on the aetiologic profile. This study was planned to know the aetiology and seasonal variations of fever in adult patients.

Methods:
A prospective observational study over a period of 15 months was conducted on adult patients aged ≥18 years with febrile illness. Details of history and results of physical examination were recorded. Routine baseline and special investigations were done as clinically indicated. All patients were followed until discharge from the hospital.

Results:
Out of 122 patients, 79 were male. The maximum number of patients was in the age group of 31–40 years. The most common symptoms were myalgia, cough and vomiting. The aetiology of febrile illness was acute undifferentiated febrile illness (33.6%), undiagnosed undifferentiated fever (23%) and other diagnosis (43.4%). Common aetiologies of acute undifferentiated febrile illness were dengue fever (10.6%) and enteric fever (9.8%). Amongst other causes, tuberculosis and urinary tract infections were common. Seasonal variation was seen in enteric fever, dengue fever, pneumonia and tuberculosis.

Conclusions:
Common aetiologies were dengue, enteric fever and tuberculosis. It is important to understand the profile of febrile illness; so that evidence-based management can be initiated, especially in a resource-limited country like India.
Population-Based Prevalence of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Infants in the Trachoma Endemic Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Nash Scott D. , Chernet Ambahun , Astale Tigist , Sata Eshetu , Zerihun Mulat , Nute Andrew W. , Jensen Kimberly A. , Gessese Demelash , Ayele Zebene , Melak Berhanu , Haile Mahteme , Zeru Taye , Tadesse Zerihun , Kelly Callahan E. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
Infants ages < 6 months do not receive azithromycin as part of trachoma control and thus may serve as an infection reservoir in persistently endemic districts. The aim of this study was to determine the population-based Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevalence and infectious load among infants ages 1–12 months in persistently trachoma endemic districts in Amhara, Ethiopia. Across six districts, 475 infants were enumerated, and of these 464 (97.7%) were swabbed for infection testing. The C. trachomatis infection prevalence in the study area among infants was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.0–1.5). Among children ages 0–5 years positive for C. trachomatis, the median load was 31 elementary bodies (EB) (Inter quartile range: 7–244 EB), and the infection-positive infant had a load of 7,755 EB. While it is worth reconsidering azithromycin treatment recommendations for the potential mortality benefits, these results do not support lowering the treatment age for trachoma control.
Synthesis, characterization, POM analyses and biological evaluation of n-[(2-methoxy-5- nitrophenyl)]-4-oxo-4-[oxy] butenamide based zinc(II) carboxylate complexes
Authors: S. Khan M. , Sirajuddin M. , Zubair M. , Khan H. , Tariq M. , Mehwish S. , Ullah N. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT. The aim of medicinal chemistry is to links many scientific disciplines and allows the scientists in researching and developing new drugs with enhance and targeted properties. In this article we are exploring the preparation of four new zinc(II) carboxylate complexes based on N-[(2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)]-4-oxo-4-[oxy]butenamide which were characterized through FT-IR and EDX studies. The DNA binding ability and binding type of complexes were assessed by spectroscopic (UV-Visible) and viscosity measurements, exhibiting an intercalative pattern of interaction. The synthesized compounds were also assessed to know theoretically about their nature by molecular docking studies resulting also in intercalation mode. Analysis of the complexes for biological applications such as anti-microbial, anti-leishmanial, cytotoxicity and DNA damage activities showed that these complexes carries good anti-microbial, anti-leishmanial activity with no toxicity to human blood thyrocytes and DNA. The bioavailability prediction and drug likeness score has also been evaluated through Insilco studies.

KEY WORDS: Zn(II) carboxylate complex, DNA binding, Anti-leishmanial activity, Cytotoxicity, Docking study

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 365-380.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.11
Solvent free synthesis of hydrazine carbothioamide derivatives as a precursor in the preparation of new mononuclear Mn(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes: Spectroscopic characterizations
Authors: H. Al-Hazmi G. , A. Saad H. , M. Alosaimi A. , S. Refat M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT. Over the last few years considerable attention has been devoted to the study of Schiff base complexes of metal(II) containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur donor ligands due to their diverse biological activities. Therefore, the Schiff base thiosemicarbazone derivatives of 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) hydrazine carbothioamide (HL1) and 2-(4-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) hydrazine carbothioamide (HL2) were synthesized with solvent free technique using silica gel as material support for the reaction. The structures of the precursor’s organic products confirmed with their 1H, 13C NMR, IR and microanalysis data. Six new manganese(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) complexes of HL1 and HL2 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide derivatives with the general formulation [ML1Cl] and [ML2Cl], where M = Mn2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ were prepared and well discussed by using elemental analyses, magnetic moments, molar conductance, infrared and electronic spectral techniques. The assignments data of spectroscopic analysis confirm that the synthesized thiosemicarbazone Schiff bases of acts as a tridentate ligand as sulfur-oxygen-nitrogen donating atoms. The values of magnetic moments agreed with the data of electronic spectra which both suggested a four-coordination geometry of the synthesized complexes.

KEY WORDS: Schiff base, Thiosemicarbazone, Manganese(II) complex, Copper(II) complex, Zinc(II) complex

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 413-424.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.14
Simulation studies on corrosion of stone coated roofing sheets sold in Nigeria
Authors: O. Omokpariola D. , C. O. Omokpariola E. , U. Okechukwu V. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT. Acid rain condition were simulated on three selected stone-coated roofing sheets sold in Nigeria to assess the rate of metallic dissolution using (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 M) concentration of sulfuric acid, simulated acid rain (0.5 M of HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4) for 30 days in a controlled environment. Six metals (Pb, Fe, Zn, Al, Si, and Cd) concentration were determined using same concentration of sulfuric acid and distilled water for three hours at elevated temperature of 55 ºC. The results showed that as concentration increases across the three samples, the corrosion rate of stone-coated roofing sheets increases. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the weight loss of the samples were significant by all input variables. The fourth order polynomial model conducted for weight loss and corrosion showed best fit with regression (R2) which ranged from 0.95 and 0.99 across three samples except for 1.00 M of sulfuric acid at 0.8953, 0.8862, and 0.8933 for Sample 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Metal dissolution conducted for three hours showed that zinc had highest dissolution across different concentration, followed by iron respectively, aluminum dissolved at 0.75 M sulfuric acid; lead dissolved at 0.25 M, 1 M and distilled water while silicon and cadmium had relatively low dissolution accordingly. Acid rain has negative impact on corrosion stone-coated roofing sheets thus influencing its lifespan and durability.

KEY WORDS: Simulation, Acid rain, Metal dissolution, Corrosion, Stone-coated roof, Nigeria

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 461-470.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.18
Evaluation of risk caused by intake of trace metal through consumption of Pleurotus tuber-regium collected around automobile village in Abia State
Authors: P. Onyedinma U. , Siddhant  , C. Nwaru E. , O. Chukwu P. , B. Ajong A. , Dehmchi F. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT. The bioaccumulation of trace metals in mushrooms poses a health risk to consumers. Despite the fact that mushroom eating has been linked to numerous health advantages, little attention has been paid to the relative health risks associated with trace metal build-up in this nutritional source in Nigeria. Pb, Cd, Fe, Hg and As in Pleurotus tuber-regium collected from mechanic workshops in Umuahia were analysed and the associated health risks for the consumers were evaluated. The trace metal contents in the mushroom and its substrates showed a descending order of Fe > Pb > Cd > As > Hg. The heavy metals concentration ranges in fruity body of the Pleurotus tuber-regium were Fe (62.16-98.17 mg kg-1), Pb (0.18-1.21 mg kg-1), Cd (0.05-0.34 mg kg-1), As (0.25-0.51 mg kg-1) and Hg (0.009-0.021 mg kg-1). The estimation of weekly intake values was lower than PTWIs of mushroom species except for Fe. According to the THQ and the HI calculations for trace metal contents in the mushrooms, mercury did not pose any risk on human health; whereas the other determined trace metals gave THQ values of 1 < THQ < 10 and showed the possibility of long-term risk.

KEY WORDS: Trace metals. Mushroom, Estimated weekly intake, Target hazard quotient, Bioaccumulation

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 229-241.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.2
Levels of major and trace metals in eggplant and soil
Authors: Asafew K. , S. Chandravanshi B. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT. Eggplant is one of the widely used edible vegetables in the world including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the metal contents of eggplants and their corresponding soils collected from five different areas of Ethiopia. Levels of nine selected metals (Na, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cd) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentration ranges (mg/kg) of the metals in eggplant were Na (1,384-1,917) > Ca (110-158) > Fe (55.9-94.8) > Mn (34.5-44.2) > Zn (17.9-29.2) > Cu (4.3-10.0) > Pb (1.8-4.5) and in soil Fe (4,714-5,508) > Na (843-1,120) > Ca (237-788), Mn (617-763) > Zn (50.7-99.4) > Cu (44.8-74.0) > Pb (13.8-15.8), respectively. Ni and Cd were below the detection limit. The results indicated that eggplant is a good source of essential macro and micro metals. It is also free from toxic metal Cd. However, it contains higher level of Pb, well above the WHO/FAO permissible level. The bioavailability of the metals in eggplant was investigated by analysis of soil pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid and salinity. Transfer factor exhibited a higher accumulation of Na from the soil to the eggplant but for the other metals it was < 1.

KEY WORDS: Eggplant, Minerals, Soil properties, Transfer factor, Ethiopia

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 243-255.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.3
Synthesis, characterization and urease inhibitory activities of Zn(II) complexes bearing C1-symmetric ligands derived from (R)-phenylethanamine
Authors: Nayab S. , Alam A. , A. Khan F. , Khan H. , Khan S. , A. Khan F. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT. A series of Zn(II) complexes, supported with N-substituted phenylethanamine derivatives, [LnZnCl2] (where Ln = LA ((R)-1-phenyl-N-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)ethanamine; LB (R)-N-(5-meyhylthiophene-2-yl)methyl-1-phenylethanamine; LC ((R)-N-(furan-2-ylmeththyl)-1-phenylethanamine and LD (R)-N-((5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl)-1-phenylethanamine) were synthesized and characterized. The urease inhibitory activities of these complexes were determined against selected urease inhibitors where [LBZnCl2] was found to be the most prominent inhibitor of Jack bean urease (J. B. urease) (IC50 = 10.39±0.78 μM), whereas the activity of Bacillus pasteurii urease (B. P. urease) was predominantly inhibited by [LAZnCl2] (IC50 = 8.68±0.7 μM). Additionally, MOE-Dock program was used to affirm the probable binding modes of these complexes into the crystal structure of J. B. urease which certainly verified the inhibitory mechanism of these novel complexes.

KEY WORDS: Zn(II) complexes, (R)-Phenylethanamine, Urease inhibition, Molecular docking

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 301-314.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.7
Métodos alternativos para escavação e lançamento de cabos em usinas fotovoltaicas
Authors: Eccel João Vítor , Haito Ricardo Juan José Oviedo 
Published: October 2021

Sustainable energies generation, in which the photovoltaic energy generation is included, has been growing expressively. This fact causes the number of construction companies that work in this area to increase, intensifying competition and forcing companies to find out solutions to get advantages over others. One area where advantages could be exploited is trench execution and cable plowing, since it is one of the longest phases in the construction of photovoltaic power plants. The goal of this study is to identify alternative methods for trench excavation and cable plowing in photovoltaic power plants in Brazil. An exploratory qualitative research was conducted. Data on executive methods were collected in the literature and in interviews. Two alternative methods were identified as advantageous over the conventional method. For example, the use of plowing method’s mechanized operations could lead to shorter schedules. It also requires less workers in the field, reducing risks of injuries. In addition, plowing method requires less elements in the trench. Hence, companies could consider their use to improve productivity in the field, making themselves more competitive.
Gerenciamento de risco em apoio estratégico à pequenas e médias empresas da construção civil
Authors: Olimpio Luiz Carlos Magalhães , Campos Vanessa Ribeiro 
Published: October 2021

Due to the numerous uncertainties in the construction industry, their companies require a decision-making that promotes greater managerial control and financial security. Risk management is the main systematic method to deal effectively with risks and opportunities. Although this method has shown to be effective in preserving resources, increasing performance, and promoting better control of cost, time and quality, there are observed few applications in small and medium-sized civil construction companies. For these, a proactive risk management process strategically geared to opportunities and threats may be required for survival, given the high competitiveness and variability of the construction market. The main normative that guides the positioning of companies in the face of risks is ISO 31.000 - Risk Management, which in 2018 has undertaken updates in its directives. These changes bring more strategic and inclusive provisions to risk management. Through a systematic review of the literature, this paper produces a SWOT matrix to identify strategic factors for SMEs in construction sector. Then it is identified contributions of risk management that maximizes forces and opportunities, and minimizes weaknesses and threats, considering the specificities of these companies.
Uso de jogo para ensino de conceitos lean
Authors: Viana Marina Ribeiro , Santos Débora de Gois , Santos Paulo Ricardo Ramos 
Published: October 2021

A filosofia enxuta visa otimizar os processos a partir da redução de atividades que não agregam valor ao produto. Assim, buscar maneiras para difundir esses conceitos são fundamentais para a aplicação eficiente na construção civil. Nesse sentido, questiona-se se o uso jogos podem contribuir para essa disseminação e para fomentar uma mentalidade enxuta entre discentes do setor. O presente trabalho investigou então a percepção dos discentes quanto ao uso de jogos didáticos para consolidação de conceitos enxutos, ao comparar Sistema Puxado e Sistema Empurrado. Quanto ao método, compreendeu a aplicação de jogo em Lego System® para turma de Gerenciamento de Obras e a distribuição de questionários a fim de obter a opinião dos participantes sobre a dinâmicas e sobre a percepção dos assuntos abordados. Como resultado, a maioria dos discentes conseguiu compreender os conceitos envolvidos no jogo e ainda pontuou que foi divertido e ajudou na aprendizagem. Conclui-se, portanto, que os jogos podem ser uma ferramenta de ensino e ser capaz de disseminar os conceitos enxutos. Por fim, espera-se que esse estudo possa incentivar outros docentes na adoção de métodos inovadores de ensino.
Jubilaciones IMSS por cesantía en edad avanzada y vejez, sector agropecuario, Municipio de Navojoa, Sonora
Authors: Rivas Vega Margarita , González Barajas Ma , Clark Coronado Patricia 
Published: October 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar el conocimiento que existe sobre las modalidades de jubilación por cesantía en edad avanzada y vejez en el sector agropecuario, a través de una encuesta aplicada en la localidad de Masiaca en Navojoa, Sonora. El estudio es cuantitativo transversal, ya que se analizó la información en un momento determinado en el tiempo, en este caso a la fecha del levantamiento de la información; es no experimental, ya que no se manipulan las variables de interés; y tiene un alcance relacional comparativo, ya que además del diagnóstico descriptivo se realiza una comparación del nivel conocimiento de las modalidades de jubilación entre grupos distintos grupos de interés: tipo de actividad, género, grupo de edad, estratos de nivel educativo, condición de habla de lengua indígena, tipo de trabajador y condición de alta como trabajador actualmente en el IMSS.
Perubahan Kebiasaan Masyarakat pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Pamijahan Bogor
Authors: Rukiat Rukiat , Maturidi Maturidi 
Published: October 2021

This research aims at how changes in people's habits during the Covid-19 pandemic in Kp. Segog, considering there are changes in habits that occur in society at this time. So that people are advised to wear masks, wash their hands and keep their distance and maintain a clean lifestyle. In this study, researchers tried to find steps in a clean lifestyle and inhibiting factors from changing habits in the kp community. Segog. The method used is a case study through interviews using a list of questions. Respondents for this study were people in Kp. Segog. The hope of this researcher can provide inspiration for the community, or for researchers and readers in general. As an additional reference that is used by the wider community.
Keywords: Change, Habit, Covid-19.
Penerapan Teknik Modeling Simbolis Dalam Pengembangan Perencanaan Karier Siswa SMPN 6 Palangka Raya
Authors: Yulia Yulia , Bunu Helmuth Y , Suriatie Mimi , Lena Makda Del , Samuda Rahmaniah 
Published: October 2021

Career planning is something that concerns the future in the long term. It must be planned in advance; to plan where someone wants to go and what he wants to achieve.The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of symbolic modeling techniques in the development of student career planning; to choose further studies that suit their interests and talents. The type of the research is qualitative research with observation, interview, and documentation methods. The research subjects were 5 students. This research was carried out based on the phenomenon at SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya, where there were students who were still confused about choosing further studies according to their interests and talents. The results showed that after being given symbolic modeling with videos, students experienced changes such as: (1) Students were able to understand their strengths and weaknesses in certain fields; (2) Students begin to be able to plan careers after graduating from school; (3) Students were able to prepare options for the next level of study. From these data the researchers concluded that symbolic modeling was effective in helping students at SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya in planning their careers.
Pengaruh Baca Tulis Al-Qur’an terhadap Prestasi Belajar pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Al-Qur’an Hadis
Authors: Handayani Sri , Maulidah Winda 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of learning to read Al-Qur'an Can Affect the ability of students to read Al-Qur'an at grade 1 students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. This research method uses quantitative methods using a correlational approach. Based on the results of testing the correlation coefficient obtained price r = 0.633. Based on the product moment correlation table guidelines used, it can be said that between variables X and Y there is a moderate or sufficient correlation. Based on the test results known t count = 4.63 and t table ( = 0.01: 32) = 2.70 (with interpolation). This means t arithmetic> t table. Thus that the proposed hypothesis is accepted, namely that there is a positive and significant correlation between learning to Read the Qur'an and the ability to read the Qur'an. To find out the contribution of variable X to variable Y, the formula Kd = r2 x 100% is used. The determinant coefficient figure of 40.1% shows that the contribution of learning to read and write the Koran to the Learning Achievement of the Education of the Al-Qur'an Hadith is equal to 40.1% while the rest (100% -40.1% = 59.9% ) is influenced by other factors not analyzed
Keywords: Al-Qur'an, literacy, learning, education, learning achievement
PENERAPAN METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE MAKE A MATCH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI MI MIFTAHUL ULUM KLAPANUNGGAL BOGOR
Authors: Maulida Julianti , Suryana Agus , Noviansyah Indra 
Published: October 2021

This reserarch is a classroom action research through the maka a match model, which is carried out collaboratively whit two cycles. The main objective of this research is to improve the learning outcomes of scinse subjects in human digestive system material for fifth grade students through the make a match model with minimum completense criterian (KKM) 65. The subjects of this study were fifth grade student of MI Miftahul Ulum which consisting of 19 student, with a composition of 11 male and 8 female. The research was carried on the odd semester of academic year 2020/2021. The results showed that the percentage value of student completensess in cycle 1 obtained a value 58% and in cycle 2 obtained a value of 79%. Likewise with the results of observations of student behavior activities whit an averge value of 2,80 in cycle 1 and 3,70 in cycle 2. This study concludes that using the make a match model can improve scince learning outcomes in digestive apparaturs material in fifth grade humans of MI Miftahul Ulum Klapanunggal Bogor, beside this research is also able to increase student activity and learning process in class.