bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distant residues modulate conformational opening in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Authors: Ray Dhiman , Le Ly , Andricioaei Ioan 
Published: October 2021

Significance
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic resulted in the largest public health crisis in recent times. Significant drug design effort against SARS-CoV-2 is focused on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, although this region is highly prone to mutations causing therapeutic resistance. We applied deep data analysis methods on all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to identify key non-RBD residues that play a crucial role in spike−receptor binding and infection. Because the non-RBD residues are typically conserved across multiple coronaviruses, they can be targeted by broad-spectrum antibodies and drugs to treat infections from new strains that might appear during future epidemics.
Attractive forces slow contact formation between deformable bodies underwater
Authors: Sun Mengyue , Kumar Nityanshu , Dhinojwala Ali , King Hunter 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceUnderstanding underwater contact mechanics between soft materials and hard surfaces is of prime importance due to its ubiquity and practical relevance. From biological creatures climbing on flooded surfaces and human figures getting grip on wet surfaces to adhesives sealing a wound underwater, performance depends upon water evacuation to achieve contact. We report a counterintuitive relationship between adhesion and water evacuation. Surfaces with stronger thermodynamic work of adhesion show slower evacuation rates as a result of water entrapment in isolated puddles. Interestingly, the evacuation rates speed up at the point of zero underwater work of adhesion. These insights pave the way for developing materials for achieving underwater adhesion/grip and avoiding liquid entrapments via proper combination of chemistry and surface structure.
Hurricane annual cycle controlled by both seeds and genesis probability
Authors: Yang Wenchang , Hsieh Tsung-Lin , Vecchi Gabriel A. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Atlantic hurricanes have a sharp annual cycle with more than half count concentrated in only 3 mo of August to October, which is, however, usually not captured by traditional tropical cyclone (TC) genesis theory. We find that this issue can be addressed if we take into account variation of pre-TC vortex seeds and incorporate it into a two-stage TC development: emerging of pre-TC seeds and development of TCs from seeds, with the latter described by TC genesis probability. The two processes working together lead to the sharp annual cycle of Atlantic hurricanes. We also demonstrate that TC annual cycles from various ocean basins can be unified and understood in the new framework.
The expressive dimension of interpersonal coordination and collaborative remembering
Authors: Olivares Himmbler , Cornejo Carlos 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While individuals interact, they coordinate their feelings and emotions. They also coordinate several kinds of
expression while interacting, like facial expressions and gestures. Inspired by Karl Bühler’s Organon model and
Henri Bergson’s description of remembering experiences, we explore interpersonal coordination during a collaborative remembering
task between two people. We present a case study of one dyad employing videography to identify and distinguish two types of
spontaneous interpersonal coordination (expressive-affective and representational). In a later stage, separate interviews of both
participants are analyzed to establish whether content, freely remembered, is related to the previously observed coordination. The
data describes that expressive-affective coordination during interaction is directly linked to the subjective organization of
experience in individual remembering. We discuss these results, emphasizing the intersubjective aspects of lived experience and
their relationship to expressive and representational aspects of coordination and remembering.
An overview of the Japanese copuladaas an utterance-final expression in conversation
Authors: Nishi Hironori 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study examines cases of the Japanese copuladaused in the utterance-final position in naturally occurring conversations. The morphemedain Japanese is typically categorized as a type of copula in linguistic studies, butdaalso functions as an utterance-final expression, especially in the spoken form of Japanese. The examined recordings of naturally occurring conversations for the present study contained 120 cases of utterance-finalda, and 89 (74.2%) of them were uttered immediately following statements of subjective evaluation. In addition, of these 89 cases of utterance-finaldathat followed statements of evaluation, 87 were determined to follow statements in which the speaker expressed his or her negative attitude toward the evaluated matter. The data analysis also showed that 26 cases (21.7%) of utterance-finaldain the examined recordings were uttered immediately after the speaker discovered a new piece of information. Based on the findings from the data analysis, the present study argues that utterance-finaldais considered to be one of the expressions in Japanese that can signal both discovery of new information and the speaker’s negative attitude toward a stated matter. In addition, the present study also argues thatdamarks the speaker’s emotional exclamatory reaction when it is used in the utterance-final position.
‘Die’ and its different situation-bound utterances in Persian
Authors: Moghaddam Mostafa Morady , Babaee Soodeh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, using the tenets of Situation-Bound Utterances (SBUs) (Kecskes 2000, 2010) and referring to Pragmatic Act
Theory (PAT) (Mey 2001), the verb mordan (‘to die’ in
English), and its different realisations are analysed among Persian speakers. Through the analysis of authentic talk in
interaction, this study aims to ponder nonstandard (situation-derived) meanings of the term mordan and its
different SBUs. The primary focus of the study is on strings of linguistic events as well as the “conventions of usage” (Morgan 1978) or cultural understanding that may lead to standard and nonstandard meanings
considering mordan and its different SBUs. The findings suggest that the SBUs regarding mordan,
a neglected sociolinguistic context, not only is affected by its actual situational characteristics but also by prior context
encoded in utterances used, which manifests culture-specific ways of thinking (Capone
2018; Wong 2010). Overall, 19 SBUs and 7 generic categories were identified
with regard to the verb mordan in Persian. This paper exhibits that mordan is a versatile verb,
which, when combined with situational/contextual factors, conveys different nonstandard functions that fulfil social needs. This
study will also refer to linguistic features underlying SBUs that are influential in assigning various distinct meanings to the
verb mordan in Persian.
A properly pragmatist pragmatics
Authors: Legg Catherine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although most contemporary philosophers of language hold that semantics and pragmatics require separate study,
there is surprisingly little agreement on where exactly the line should be drawn between these two areas, and why. In this paper I
suggest that this lack of clarity is at least partly caused by a certain historical obfuscation of the roots of the founding
three-way distinction between syntax, semantics and pragmatics in Charles Peirce’s pragmatist philosophy of language. I then argue
for recovering and revisiting these original roots, taking indexicality as a case-study of how certain questions connected with
the distinction which are currently considered complex and difficult may be clarified by a ‘properly pragmatist pragmatics’. Such
a view, I shall argue, upends a certain priority usually accorded to semantics over pragmatics, teaching that we do not work out
what terms mean in some abstract overall sense and then work out to what use they are being put; rather, we must understand to
what use terms are being put in order to understand what they mean.
Recent progress and future perspectives on carbon-nanomaterial-dispersed liquid crystal composites
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Pratap Singh Dharmendra , Singh Gautam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The realm of liquid crystals (LCs) has significantly benefited when amalgamated with the exciting features of nanotechnology. Various nanomaterials (NMs) have shown their potentiality in tailoring the display and non-display characteristics of LC materials. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, graphene flakes, graphene and carbon dots are found to exhibit synergistic interaction with LCs to provide interesting properties such as low switching threshold voltage, faster switching response, reduced ionic conductivity and the formation of localized pseudonematic domains, etc. The network of benzene rings in the CNMs is found to offer π–π stacking of electrons with a benzene-based core of LC molecules which could provide a susceptible pathway for the strong interaction between the LCs and the CNMs. However, the uniform and stable dispersion of CNMs in the LC matrix has been found to be a challenging step in preparation of CNM/LC composites. Herein, we present a detailed review on the recent research work based on CNM-dispersed LC composites with an emphasis on the methods to obtain uniform CNM/LC dispersion and the dielectric, electro-optical, orientation, photophysical properties, etc, of the composites. Moreover, we have critically discussed the pros and cons of these composites and proposed the future scope of research in this exciting field.
Thermodynamic and transport properties of matter formed in pp, p-Pb, Xe–Xe and Pb–Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider using color string percolation model
Authors: Sahu Dushmanta , Sahoo Raghunath 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To have a better understanding of the matter formed in ultra-relativistic collisions, using the color string percolation model, we have estimated initial energy density, mean free path, squared speed of sound, shear viscosity to entropy density ratio (η/s), bulk viscosity to entropy density ratio and bulk modulus for pp, p-Pb, Xe–Xe and Pb–Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These observables are studied as a function of final state charged particle multiplicity density normalized by nuclear overlap area and initial state percolation temperature. The results from this work are compared with the results from well known QCD models and with the transport properties of matter found in day-to-day life. These observables allow us to conclude an array of important findings about the matter formed in high-energy collisions at the LHC. For the high-multiplicity events, the estimated η/s are comparable with that is observed for heavy-ion collisions, which is an indication of a strongly coupled quark gluon plasma. This makes LHC high-multiplicity pp collision events as probable candidates for the search of quark-gluon plasma droplets.
Transport threshold in a quantum model for the KscA ion channel
Authors: De March N , Prado S D , Brunnet L G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The mechanism behind the high throughput rate in K+ channels is still an open problem. However, recent simulations have shown that the passage of potassium through the K+ channel core, the so-called selectivity filter (SF), is water-free against models where the strength of Coulomb repulsion freezes ions conduction. Thus, it has been suggested that coherent quantum hopping might be relevant in mediating ion conduction. Within the quantum approach and the hypothesis of desolvated ions along the pathway, we start with several particles in a source to see how they go across a SF, modeled by a linear chain of sites, to be collected in a drain. We show that the average SF occupancy is three ions, and the ion transfer rate is ∼108 ions s−1, results which agree with the recent findings in the literature.
Electrochemical impedimetric analysis of different dimensional (0D–2D) carbon nanomaterials for effective biosensing of L-tyrosine
Authors: Roy Souradeep , Sain Sourav , Wadhwa Shikha , Mathur Ashish , Dubey Santosh , Roy Susanta S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors employing nano-transduction surfaces are considered highly sensitive to the morphology of nanomaterials. Various interfacial parameters namely charge transfer resistance, double layer capacitance, heterogeneous electron transfer rate and diffusion limited processes, depend strongly on the nanostructure geometry which eventually affects the biosensor performance. The present work deals with a comparative study of electrochemical impedance-based detection of L-tyrosine (or simply tyrosine) by employing carbon nanostructures (graphene quantum dots, single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene) along with tyrosinase as the bio-receptor. Specifically, the role of carbon nanostructures (i.e. 0D, 1D and 2D) on charge transfer resistance is investigated by applying time-varying electric field at the nano-bioelectrode followed by calculating the heterogeneous electron transfer rate, double layer capacitor current and their effects on limits of detection and sensitivities towards tyrosine recognition. A theoretical model based on Randel’s equivalent circuit is proposed to account for the redox kinetics at various carbon nanostructure/enzyme hybrid surfaces. It was observed that, the 1D morphology (single walled CNTs) exhibited lowest charge transfer resistance ∼2.62 kΩ (lowest detection limit of 0.61 nM) and highest electron transfer rate ∼0.35 μm s−1 (highest sensitivity 0.37 kΩ nM−1 mm−2). Our results suggest that a suitable morphology of carbon nanostructure would be essential for efficient and sensitive detection of tyrosine.
Zero valence iron nanocube decoration of graphitic nanoplatelets
Authors: Brack Narelle , Spencer Michelle J S , Mapleback Benjamin , Herries Andy I R , Kappen Peter , Rider Andrew N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Graphitic nanoplatelets (GNPs) have been treated using an ultrasonicated ozonolysis procedure to produce stable aqueous dispersions that facilitate deposition of thin films using electrophoretic deposition. The thin GNP films were then coated with zero valence (ZV) iron nanocubes using a pulsed electrodeposition technique. Characterization of the ZV-iron coating with deposition time revealed that the changing magnetic character of the ferromagnetic-graphitic hybrid material was related to the nucleation density and growth of the ZV-iron nanocubes. Density functional theory calculations show a preference for ZV-iron adsorption at the oxygen sites of the GNPs, with ZV-iron displacement of oxygen groups favored in some configurations. Transmission electron microscopy studies confirm ZV-iron growth nucleates preferentially at the graphite nanoplatelet edges and the hybrid material magnetism is affected by the convergent crystalline grain boundaries formed between adjacent ZV-iron nanocubes.
Interacting dark energy from redshift-space galaxy clustering
Authors: Carrilho Pedro , Moretti Chiara , Bose Benjamin , Markovič Katarina , Pourtsidou Alkistis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Interacting dark energy models have been proposed as
attractive alternatives to ΛCDM. Forthcoming Stage-IV
galaxy clustering surveys will constrain these models, but they
require accurate modelling of the galaxy power spectrum multipoles
on mildly non-linear scales. In this work we consider a dark
scattering model with a simple 1-parameter extension to wCDM —
adding only A, which describes a pure momentum exchange between
dark energy and dark matter. We then provide a comprehensive
comparison of three approaches of modeling non-linearities, while
including the effects of this dark sector coupling. We base our
modeling of non-linearities on the two most popular perturbation
theory approaches: TNS and EFTofLSS. To test the validity and
precision of the modelling, we perform an MCMC analysis using
simulated data corresponding to a ΛCDM fiducial cosmology
and Stage-IV surveys specifications in two redshift bins, z=0.5
and z=1. We find the most complex EFTofLSS-based model studied to
be better suited at both, describing the mock data up to smaller
scales, and extracting the most information. Using this model, we
forecast uncertainties on the dark energy equation of state, w,
and on the interaction parameter, A, finding σ_w=0.06 and
σ
A
=1.1 b/GeV for the analysis at z=0.5 and σ
w
=0.06
and σ
A
=2.0 b/GeV for the analysis at z=1. In addition, we
show that a false detection of exotic dark energy up to 3σ
would occur should the non-linear modelling be incorrect,
demonstrating the importance of the validation stage for accurate
interpretation of measurements.
Covariant effective action for scalar-tensor theories of gravity
Authors: Aashish Sandeep , Panda Sukanta , Altafhussain Tinwala Abbas , Vidyarthi Archit 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We develop the calculation of the divergent part of one-loop covariant effective action for scalar fields minimally and non-minimally coupled to gravity using the generalized Schwinger-DeWitt technique. We derive the field-space metric using Vilkovisky's prescription and obtain new terms in the one-loop corrections which are absent in past literature with trivial choices of field-space metric. We further calculate the covariant versions of past results, obtained using the standard approach, by applying Barvinsky and Vilkovisky's extension to the ordinary Schwinger-DeWitt approach. For completeness, we study the one-loop gravitational corrections for a dilaton-extended two-field Starobinsky model and compare with known results.
Stability of scalar perturbations in scalar-torsion f(T,ϕ) gravity theories in the presence of a matter fluid
Authors: Gonzalez-Espinoza Manuel , Otalora Giovanni , Saavedra Joel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study the viability conditions for the absence of ghost, gradient and tachyonic instabilities, in scalar-torsion f(T,ϕ) gravity theories in the presence of a general barotropic perfect fluid. To describe the matter sector, we use the Sorkin-Schutz action and then calculate the second order action for scalar perturbations. For the study of ghost and gradient instabilities, we found that the gravity sector keeps decoupled from the matter sector and then applied the viability conditions for each one separately. Particularly, we verified that this theory is free from ghost and gradient instabilities, obtaining the standard results for matter, and for the gravity sector we checked that the corresponding speed of propagation satisfies c_s,g2=1. On the other hand, in the case of tachyonic instability, we obtained the general expressions for the mass eigenvalues and then evaluated them in the scaling matter fixed points of a concrete model of dark energy. Thus, we found a space of parameters where it is possible to have a stable configuration respecting the constraints from the CMB measurements and the BBN constraints for early dark energy. Finally, we have numerically corroborated these results by solving the cosmological equations for a realistic cosmological evolution with phase space trajectories undergoing scaling matter regimes, and then showing that the system presents a stable configuration throughout cosmic evolution.
Development of a gamma-ray imaging detector based on ceramic scintillators with SiPM readout
Authors: Xu L. , Tian Y. , Li Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Depth of interaction (DOI) measurements can provide
additional position information when long scintillator bars or
scintillator pixels with relatively large thickness are employed in
gamma-ray imaging detectors. In this study, commercially available
GGAG ceramic scintillators were used to fabricate a gamma-ray
imaging detector. The light attenuation, DOI resolution, and
spectroscopic performance of 3.0× 3.0× 48.0 mm3
ceramic bars were evaluated using double-side SiPM readout. The
measured full width at half maximum (FWHM) energy resolution values
ranged between 7.6% and 8.7% at 511 keV. The DOI resolution was
approximately 4 mm (FWHM). A prototype two-layer Compton imaging
detector was fabricated based on 32 ceramic bars and the signals
were readout using four 16-ch application-specific integrated
circuits. The lutetium background was evaluated and a 22Na
point source (0.19 μSv/h 511 keV gamma-ray dose rate at
50 cm) was used to verify the feasibility of using the commercial
GGAG ceramic material in nuclear security applications. The source
can be located within 120 s using a simple back projection
method. The angular resolution measure was estimated as 15∘
(FWHM). A filtered back projection based algorithm improved the
angular resolution (FWHM) to 9.2∘.
Excitons in strained and suspended monolayer WSe2
Authors: Aslan Burak , Yule Colin , Yu Yifei , Lee Yan Joe , Heinz Tony F , Cao Linyou , Brongersma Mark L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study suspended membranes of atomically thin WSe2 as hosts of excitons. We perform optical reflectance measurements to probe the exciton physics and obtain the peak energies for the 1

s

, 2

s

, and 3

s

states of the

A

exciton in suspended WSe2 and consider supported membranes as a reference. We find that elimination of the influence of the dielectric environment enables a strong electron–hole interaction and a concomitant increase in the exciton binding energy in suspended monolayer (1L) WSe2. Based on the experimental results, we calculate the excitonic binding energies by employing the recently developed quantum electrostatic heterostructure model and the commonly employed Rytova–Keldysh potential model. We see that the binding energy of the ground state

A

exciton increases from about 0.3 eV (on a substrate) to above 0.4 eV (suspended). We also exploit the tunability of the excitons in suspended samples via mechanical strain. By applying external gas pressure of 2.72 atm to a 1L suspended over a circular hole of 8 μm diameter, we strain the WSe2 and obtain a reversible 0.15 eV redshift in the exciton resonance. The linewidth of the

A

exciton decreases by more than half, from about 50 to 20 meV under 1.5% biaxial strain at room temperature. This line narrowing is due to the suppression of intervalley exciton–phonon scattering. By making use of the observed strain-dependent optical signatures, we infer the two-dimensional (2D) elastic moduli of 1L and 2L WSe2. Our results exemplify the use of suspended 2D materials as novel systems for fundamental studies, as well as for strong and dynamic tuning of their optical properties.
Changes in Life Expectancy and Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Successive Birth Cohorts of Older Cancer Survivors: A Longitudinal Modeling Analysis of the US Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Payne Collin F , Kobayashi Lindsay C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe population of older cancer survivors in the United States is rapidly growing. However, little is currently known about how the health of older cancer survivors has changed over time and across successive birth cohorts. Using data from the US Health and Retirement Study, we parameterized a demographic microsimulation model to compare partial cohort life expectancy (LE) and disability-free LE for US men and women without cancer and with prevalent and incident cancer diagnoses for 4 successive 10-year birth cohorts, born 1918–1927 to 1948–1957. Disability was defined as being disabled in ≥1 activity of daily living. These cohorts had midpoint ages of 55–64, 65–74, and 75–84 years during the periods 1998–2008 (the “early” period) and 2008–2018 (the “later” period). Across all cohorts and periods, those with incident cancer had the lowest LE, followed by those with prevalent cancer and cancer-free individuals. We observed declines in partial LE and an expansion of life spent disabled among more recent birth cohorts of prevalent-cancer survivors. Our findings suggest that advances in treatments that prolong life for individual cancer patients may have led to population-level declines in conditional LE and disability-free LE across successive cohorts of older cancer survivors.