bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mimicry and Assemblies of Asymmetric Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Yu Craig , Kumagai Shohei , Tsutsumi Michitsuna , Kurosawa Tadanori , Ishii Hiroyuki , Watanabe Go , Hashizume Daisuke , Sugiura Hiroki , Tani Yukio , Ise Toshihiro , Watanabe Tetsuya , Sato Hiroyasu , Takeya Jun , Okamoto Toshihiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Molecular assembly is a crucial factor for charge transports in organic semiconductors (OSCs), and molecularly flexible alkyl chain substitution is a key design feature for achieving desired molecular assemblies. However, the high degree of freedom of alkyl chains leads to molecular fluctuations that are detrimental to OSC performances. Stabilization of alkyl chains via intermolecular interactions in packing structures exists in biological and materials systems, and such a strategy can be harnessed in OSCs to suppress molecular fluctuations. Here, we present a robust synthetic strategy for a series of asymmetric n-type benzo[de]isoquinolino[1,8-gh]quinolinetetracarboxylic diimide (BQQDI) OSCs with various alkyl chain lengths, and certain alkyl chains exhibit an unusual molecular mimicry with energetically favorable gauche conformer that shows isomorphic structures and small molecular fluctuations. Asymmetric n-type OSC with the optimum chain length exhibits satisfactory solubility, excellent electron mobility, and large-area single-crystalline thin films are fabricated for practical organic electronics.
NKILA Regulates HSP90α, NF-κB subunits and β-Catenin Expressions in the MCF-7 Cells
Authors: Tibatan Mehmet Ali , Uçar Evren Önay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-coding RNAs are increasingly investigated and have great potential for diagnose, prognosis and treatment of cancer. Thus, we investigated the possible relation between NF-κB suppressor-NKILA and HSP90, NF-κB and β-catenin molecules in the MCF-7. HSP90 is a compelling stress protein and together with β-catenin and NF-κB molecules it can be responsible for the cancer cell development. However, NKILA is a novel molecule and there is not comprehensive data about it unlike HSP90, β-catenin and NF-κB alone. Therefore, we suggest that there might be a correlation between NKILA and these proteins. Methods and Results: To investigate the NKILA role on these proteins we inhibited the NKILA by using transfection. MCF-7 cells transfected with NKILA-siRNA and incubated for 5 hours. Then, cells were collected and proteins were extracted to be separated in SDS-PAGE. Aforementioned proteins of siRNA transfected group were evaluated by comparing their band intensities with the control group protein bands by immunoblotting. According to this, HSP90 and NF-κB/p105, NF-κB/p65 and NF-κB/p50 subunits significantly increased while β-catenin significantly decreased after NKILA inhibition.Conclusion:, For the first time we demonstrate that HSP90 and beta-catenin is associated with NKILA levels and this may highly related with canonical NF-κB pathway in MCF-7 cells. These novel findings may have important implications in cancer cells development and might present important hints for the future studies about the cancer cell targeted therapy.
The Role of Ambient parameters on Transmission Rates of the COVID-19 Outbreak: A machine learning model
Authors: Jamshidnezhad Amir , Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Marashic Seyed Mahdi Hossaeini , Ghavamabadi Leila Ibrahimi , Mousavi Hediye , Zilae Marzieh , Dehaghi Behzad Fouladi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The relation between ambient air temperature and prevalence of viral infection has been under investigation in recent years. The study was aimed at providing the statistical and machine learning-based analysis to investigate the influence of climatic factors on frequency of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Iran. The data of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and some climatic factors related to 31 provinces of Iran during 04/03/2020 to 05/05/2020 was gathered from the official resources. In order to investigate the important climatic factors on the frequency of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in all studied cities, a model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed. The proposed ANN model showed accuracy rates of 87.25% and 86.4% in the training and testing stage, respectively, for classification of COVID-19 confirmed cases. The results showed that in the city of Ahvaz, despite the increase in temperature, the coefficient of determination R2 has been increasing. This study clearly showed that, with increasing outdoor temperature, the use of air conditioning systems to set a comfort zone temperature is unavoidable; thus, the number of positive cases of COVID-19 increases. Also, this study shows the role of closed-air cycle condition in the indoor environment of tropical cities.
Pongamia Pinnata (PP) shell powder filled sisal/kevlar hybrid composites: Physico-Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Praveenkumara J , N Vidya Sagar H , Madhu P , Gowda Yashas , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Khan Mohammad Rizwan , Khan Imran , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The composite industry is attracted by natural fiber reinforced polymer materials for various valuable engineering applications due to its eco-friendly nature, less cost, enhanced mechanical properties and thermal properties. This present work aimed at incorporating sisal and kevlar woven fabrics with the epoxy matrix and to study the effect of pongamia pinnata shell powder on this sisal/ kevlar hybrid composites. The six different laminates were prepared using hand lay-up method with filler percentage varying 2 %, 4 % and 6 %. The prepared laminates cut according to ASTM standards for performing different mechanical tests. Results reveal that reduction of void percentage was observed at higher filler contents, while the incorporation of kevlar fiber enhances the impact, tensile strength and tensile modulus values. The flexural strength and inter laminar shear strength were higher for 2 % filler composites, while the highest flexural modulus, hardness values were observed for 6 % filler filled composites. The water absorption percentage was maximum for sisal laminate (L-1) and minimum for kevlar laminate L-2. The fractured tensile and flexural specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Physical activity, post-traumatic stress disorder, and exposure to torture among asylum seekers in Sweden: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nilsson Henrik , Gustavsson Catharina , Gottvall Maria , Saboonchi Fredrik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Forced migrant populations have high rates of trauma-related ill health, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Physical activity (PA) is well-established as an effective stress reliever, while insufficient PA is associated with adverse effects on both mental and physical health. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of different levels of PA and its association with PTSD symptom severity, controlled for exposure to torture, among asylum seekers in Sweden. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study, with data from 455 asylum seekers, originating from Afghanistan, Eritrea, Iraq, Somalia, and Syria, residing at large housing facilities across Sweden. Level of PA was assessed by the Exercise Vital Sign and categorized as; Inactive, Insufficient PA, and Sufficient PA. Prevalence estimates for proportions of different levels of PA were calculated. Analysis of variance were conducted to determine the association between levels of PA and PTSD symptom severity, measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the contribution of PA on PTSD beyond sex, age, and exposure to torture. Results: About half of the participants (53.3%, 95% CI: 48.6-58.1) met the recommendations for Sufficient PA. One third of the participants (33.3%, 95% CI: 28.7-37.8) were insufficiently engaged in PA, and 13.4% (95% CI: 10.1-16.7) were inactive. There was a significant difference in PTSD symptom severity between groups of asylum seekers with different levels of PA (F(2, 316) = 23.15, p < .001). When controlling for sex, age, and exposure to torture, Sufficient PA was found to be associated with less PTSD symptom severity compared to both Insufficient PA (B = 0.297, SE = 0.086, p < .001) and Inactive (B = 0.789, SE = 0.104, p < .001).Conclusions: Insufficient PA was common among the asylum seekers and our findings suggest that more PA is highly associated with better mental health in these populations. An increased focus on assessment and promotion of PA is justified during the extended time of asylum-seeking processes. The result support PA as a potentially viable treatment component in PTSD.
Machine learning approach for prediction of hepatic enhancement during the hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB DTPA-enhanced MRI.
Authors: Ko Ji Su , Byun Jieun , Park Seongkeun , Woo Ji Young 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We retrospectively assessed 214 patients with chronic liver disease or liver cirrhosis who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhanced with gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) from August 2016 to May 2020 to evaluate the relationship between biochemical results that reflect liver function and hepatic enhancement. With the information gained we employed a machine learning approach with the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm to develop a predictive model for determining insufficient hepatic enhancement during the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) in Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI. Using both quantitative and qualitative assessments, the total bilirubin (TB), albumin (Alb), prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, platelet, Child-Pugh score (CPS), and Model for End-stage Liver Disease Sodium (MELD-Na) score were related to decreased hepatic enhancement. In a multivariate analysis, TB and Alb were associated with insufficient enhancement (p < 0.001). The predictive model showed that a combination of a variety of biochemical parameters had better performance (accuracy = 82.8%, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.861) in predicting insufficient enhancement than either the CPS (accuracy = 79.5%, AUC = 0.845) or the MELD-Na score (accuracy = 80.8%, AUC = 0.821). By using a machine-learning-based predictive model with the KNN algorithm, radiologists can predict insufficient hepatic enhancement during HBP in advance and adjust each patient's individually optimized MRI protocol.
Reassess Young Breast Cancer Risk Factor in Mainland of Penang, Malaysia
Authors: AMRAN FITREENA ANIS , Saupi Mohd Fareez Hairi Mohd , Teh Jun Xian , Vellasamy Nagarajan T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Until today, there is no clear cut off point for age in young breast cancer. Multiple studies have shown that breast cancer among women diagnosed before age of 40 is increasing in trend and have poorer survival rate. Incidence rate among Malaysian breast cancer from the age of 25 and below 40 is also increasing in trend. This is first paper in Malaysia to ascertain the risk factors among young breast cancer in mainland of Penang state, Malaysia Method This is a retrospective study which includes young women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1 st January 2015 until 31 st December 2019, from HSJ cluster hospitals. Inclusion criteria are 40 years old and below at the age of diagnosis of breast cancer, female and complete sociodemographic data. Result This study has shown that 17.07% of women with young breast cancer are age before 31 years old and most are age from 36 to 40 years old. Young age at menarche (12 years old and below), positive family history of breast cancer, use of oral contraceptive pill, breastfeeding history and pregnancy history (parity at least 1 and above) are strongly associated with increased risk of young breast cancer with P-value<0.05. Conclusion This is a small-scale study on young breast cancer patient. Larger population study should be performed to confirm this findings and dwell further on other possible risk factors.
Sleep Duration is Closely Associated with Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt in Korean Adults: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ko Yujin , Moon Ji Eun , Han Sangsoo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are major risk factors for suicidal death, and sleep problems are associated with an increased risk for mental disorders. We investigated the relationship between sleep duration and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a representative sample of the Korean general population from a nationwide survey.Methods: We analyzed data collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI and VII (2013–2018). Suicidal ideation was identified via self-report and we accessed suicide attempt history. Sleep duration was divided into three categories: short sleep duration (SSD) (≤5 h), normal sleep duration (NSD) (>5 and <9 h), and long sleep duration (LSD) (≥9 h). Sampling weights were applied to obtain estimates for the general Korean population.Results: Overall, 4015 (12.0%), 25,609 (76.5%), and 3857 (11.5%) participants were in the SSD, NSD, and LSD groups, respectively. Among these groups, 7.2%, 2.8%, and 3.3% reported suicidal ideation, 1.2%, 0.4%, and 0.7% reported a history of suicide attempts. Multiple regression analyses revealed that SSD was significantly more strongly associated with suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.46, p < 0.001) and attempts (AOR 2.05, p = 0.003) than NSD. No association was found between LSD and suicidal ideation/attempts. Conclusion: Sleep duration is significantly associated with suicidal behavior, and SSD was particularly closely related with an increased risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Clinicians should carefully consider sleep duration in suicidal patients.
Efficacy and safety of Entecavir for Hepatitis B virus-associated Glomerulonephritis with renal function insufficient
Authors: Yani Yu , Lingyu Xu , Ting Xu , Chengyu Yang , Bu Quandong , Zhang Wei , Zhao Long , Xu Yan , Jiang Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background HBV-GN is one of the most common secondary kidney diseases in China. Entecavir is one of the first-line antiviral nucleoside drugs at present, which can also effectively apply to antiviral therapy for HBV-GN.Objective The retrospective study to explore whether the entecavir is efficacy and safety for the treatment of Hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN) with renal function insufficient.Methods We screened patients diagnosed with HBV-GN in The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, elevated serum creatinine at 130umol/l ~ 250umol/l. Group 1 (30 patients) was given entecavir as antiviral treatment. Group 2 (28 patients) was treated with angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). The changes of renal function and the possible influencing factors were observed, with a mean follow-up time of 36 months.Results Baseline demographic and clinical parameters were not different between the 2 groups. For both cohorts, serum creatinine levels were increased gradually and the levels of eGFR declined progressively during the follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, serum creatinine levels in group 1 (t = 1.64, P = 0.1) and in group 2 ( t = 4.35, P = 0.001) were considered statistically significant compared to baseline creatinine. The levels of eGFR in group 1 (t = 2.37, P = 0.0018) and in group 2 ( t = 4.35, P = 0.001) were considered statistically significant compared to baseline eGFR. Comparison between the two groups showed that the elevated serum creatinine level and reduction in the level of eGFR were significantly lower in group 1 (t = 2.67, P = 0.008) than in group 2 (t = 2.76, P = 0.006), which were considered statistically significant. At the same time, cumulative renal survival, using end-stage renal disease (ESRD, eGFR < 15ml/min) as the primary renal endpoint, was 96.7% in group 1 and 67.9% in group 2 respectively (P = 0.005). Meanwhile, urine protein excretion was significantly decreased in both groups compared with baseline values, group 1 (t = 5.74, P = 0.001) and group 2 (t = 4.27, P = 0.001), while no significant difference was found(P = 0.370)in both groups. We performed a multivariate Cox regression analysis required eGFR < 15ml/min as the primary end point, then we found that the entecavir treatment and remission of proteinuria were the protective factors of renal function impairment, while the lower baseline eGFR was the risk factor of the progression of ESRD.Conclusion Entecavir treatment slows the progression of renal function impairment in HBV-GN, meanwhile, entecavir shows a significantly renal protective effect.
Understanding of Model Plant Arabidopsis thaliana Response to the Coexistence of BPA and TiO2-NPs in low environmental concentration: A Comparative Proteomics Study
Authors: Huang Huiming , Lee Wen-Yee , Grajeda Brian , Ellis Cameron , Silva Igor E , Gardea-Torresdey Jorge 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work presents the most extensive proteomic description of Arabidopsis thaliana in the knowledge of its responses to BPA and TiO2-NPs. Previous studies have reported that nanoparticles (NPs) and Bisphenol A (BPA) are toxic to the environment. However, the jointed toxicity is not yet well understood. This study was aimed to investigate the combined toxicity of BPA and TiO2-NPs to plants. Model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was selected as the target plant. The seedlings were randomly separated into 5 groups and treated with BPA (1000, 100, 10 and 0 µg/kg) and TiO2-NPs (100, 10, 1 and 0 mg/kg). The plant height, biomass and root length indicated no significant toxicity of low concentration of BPA and TiO2-NPs to the growth. In the results of comparative proteomics, both positive and negative effects were observed in root growth, plant development and energy metabolism, et.al, according to GO and KEGG analysis.
Growth Factors &amp; Stem Cells Entrapment in Bio Compatible &amp; Biodegradable Nano Particles to Prevent Early Degradation &amp; Facilitate Gradual Release
Authors: P. ANURUDDHA A. H. M. , FERNANDO C. A. N. , SAIDA YOSHIHISA , SAKURABA MINORU 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of growth factors and stem cells as the core treating agents is one step into creating a biocompatible Solid Lipid Nano Particles (SLNP) for treatments. Apart from obtaining these growth factors and stem cells from the patients, using the bi-product of the extraction process which is the lipid of the patient for the production of the SLNP assures the final product to be biocompatible and of a unique structure. The use of autologous cells and proteins from the patients makes the entire process medically ethical and more viable for treatment procedures. This article, thus discusses on the experimental process of developing such SLNP and the introduction of the relevant medical contraption designed uniquely for the procedure inclusive of a specified membrane.
Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks for Large Scale Bird Species Classification
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Kshirsagar Meghana , Zhong Ming , Gholami Shahrzad , Ferres Juan Lavista 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a deep learning approach towards the large-scale prediction and analysis of bird acoustics from 100 different bird species. We use spectrograms constructed on bird audio recordings from the Cornell Bird Challenge (CBC) dataset, which includes recordings with background noise, of multiple and potentially overlapping bird vocalizations per audio. Our experiments show that a hybrid modeling approach that involves a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for learning the representation for a slice of the spectrogram and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) for the temporal component to combine across time-points leads to the most accurate model on this dataset. We show results on a spectrum of models ranging from stand-alone CNNs to hybrid models of various types obtained by combining CNNs with CNNs or RNNs of the following types: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) and Legendre Memory Units (LMU). The best performing model achieves an average accuracy of 67% over the 100 different bird species, with the highest accuracy of 90% for the Red crossbill. We further analyze the learned representations visually and find them to be intuitive, where we find that related bird species are clustered close together. We present a novel way to empirically interpret the representations learned by the LMU-based hybrid model which shows how memory channel patterns over time change with spectrograms.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous propagation of COVID-19 from super-spreading to super-isolation
Authors: Sutton Jack , Shahtahmassebi Golnaz , Ribeiro Haroldo V. , Hanley Quentin S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigated daily COVID-19 cases and death in the 337 lower tier local authority regions in England and Wales to better understand how the disease propagated over a 10-month period. Population density scaling models revealed residual variance and skewness to be sensitive indicators of the dynamics of propagation. Lockdowns and schools reopening triggered increased variance indicative of outbreaks with local impact and country scale heterogeneity. University reopening and December holidays triggered reduced variance indicative of country scale homogenisation which reached a minimum after New Year. Homogeneous propagation was associated with better correspondence with normally distributed residuals while heterogeneous propagation was more consistent with skewed models. Skewness varied from strongly negative to strongly positive revealing an unappreciated feature of community propagation. Hot spots and super-spreading events are well understood descriptors of regional disease dynamics that would be expected to be associated with positively skewed distributions. Positively skewed behaviour was observed; however, negative skewness indicative of “cold-spots” and “super-isolation” dominated for approximately 4 months during the period of study. In contrast, death metrics showed near constant behaviour in scaling, variance, and skewness metrics over the full period with rural regions preferentially affected, an observation consistent with regional age demographics in England and Wales.
Pediatric dentists’ perspectives of children with special health care needs in Japan: developmental disabilities, phobia, maltreatment, and multidisciplinary collaboration
Authors: Ide-Okochi Ayako , Funayama Hiromi , Asada Yoshinobu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The number of children diagnosed with developmental disabilities (DDs) or other chronic difficulties has risen. However, each professional’s awareness of children with developmental, emotional and behavioural difficulties may differ, allowing their special needs to be overlooked at child health checkups until secondary difficulties appear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the multi-professional views of children with such chronic difficulties. This study investigates pediatric dentists’ perception of children with potential chronic difficulties. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 21 pediatric dentists, and the transcripts were analysed using grounded theory to develop categories for the theoretical assessment. Results: Four themes emerged regarding the children with potential chronic difficulties: children exhibiting possible DDs with awkward social communication and interaction; severe rampant caries possibly derived from maltreatment; dental phobia possibly derived from mental health problems; a complicated home environment where their mothers exhibit poor oral health literacy. Conclusions: This study’s findings imply that participants’ concept of children of concern included the risks of poor oral health and mental health problems that other healthcare professionals might overlook. It is recommended that multidisciplinary professionals engaging in child health checkups be aware of children’s oral and mental health status as well as potential DDs and child maltreatment.