bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escaping the past and living in the present: a qualitative exploration of substance use among Syrian male refugees in Germany
Authors: Lindert Jutta , Neuendorf Ulrike , Natan Marta , Schäfer Ingo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSyrians have been the largest group of refugees in Germany since 2014. Little is known about Syrian refugees` perspectives on substance use. The aim of this study is to investigate the perspective of male refugees from Syria and to foster specific knowledge and understanding of substance use.MethodsWe applied a qualitative study design. Five semi-structured focus group discussions with a total of 19 refugees were conducted in 2019 among the difficult to reach population of Syrian refugees. Audio recordings were translated and transcribed. We used a hybrid approach by integrating inductive and deductive thematic frameworks.ResultsWe identified common themes. Firstly, refugees perceived that substances are widely available and accepted in Germany. Secondly, refugees perceived that rules and norms in Germany differ from rules and norms in the home country and favor availability of substances. Thirdly, substance use is related to the intention to escape the past. Fourthly, substance use is related to living in the present through connecting with others and being part of the community. Finally, mental health professional treatment for substance use is associated with shame.ConclusionsFindings support Syrian refugees` perspectives of substance use as a way of both escaping the past and coping with psychosocial difficulties in the present in a socio-ecological understanding. Understanding the explanatory model of Syrian refugees can inform future interventions to prevent substance abuse and design tailored interventions. Further studies with Syrian refugees in more countries are needed to better understand resettled refugees` perspectives on substance use.
Two novel mouse models mimicking minor deletions in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome revealed the contribution of each deleted region to psychiatric disorders
Authors: Saito Ryo , Miyoshi Chika , Koebis Michinori , Kushima Itaru , Nakao Kazuki , Mori Daisuke , Ozaki Norio , Funato Hiromasa , Yanagisawa Masashi , Aiba Atsu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a disorder caused by the segmental deletion of human chromosome 22. This chromosomal deletion is known as high genetic risk factors for various psychiatric disorders. The different deletion types are identified in 22q11.2DS patients, including the most common 3.0-Mb deletion, and the less-frequent 1.5-Mb and 1.4-Mb deletions. In previous animal studies of psychiatric disorders associated with 22q11.2DS mainly focused on the 1.5-Mb deletion and model mice mimicking the human 1.5-Mb deletion have been established with diverse genetic backgrounds, which resulted in the contradictory phenotypes. On the other hand, the contribution of the genes in 1.4-Mb region to psychiatric disorders is poorly understood. In this study, we generated two mouse lines that reproduced the 1.4-Mb and 1.5-Mb deletions of 22q11.2DS [Del(1.4 Mb)/+ andDel(1.5 Mb)/+] on the pure C57BL/6N genetic background. These mutant mice were analyzed comprehensively by behavioral tests, such as measurement of locomotor activity, sociability, prepulse inhibition and fear-conditioning memory.Del(1.4 Mb)/+ mice displayed decreased locomotor activity, but no abnormalities were observed in all other behavioral tests.Del(1.5 Mb)/+ mice showed reduction of prepulse inhibition and impairment of contextual- and cued-dependent fear memory, which is consistent with previous reports. Furthermore, apparently intact social recognition inDel(1.4 Mb)/+ andDel(1.5 Mb)/+ mice suggests that the impaired social recognition observed inDel(3.0 Mb)/+ mice mimicking the human 3.0-Mb deletion requires mutations both in 1.4-Mb and 1.5 Mb regions. Our previous study has shown thatDel(3.0 Mb)/+ mice presented disturbance of behavioral circadian rhythm. Therefore, we further evaluated sleep/wakefulness cycles inDel(3.0 Mb)/+ mice by electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) recording. EEG/EMG analysis revealed the disturbed wakefulness and non-rapid eye moving sleep (NREMS) cycles inDel(3.0 Mb)/+ mice, suggesting thatDel(3.0 Mb)/+ mice may be unable to maintain their wakefulness. Together, our mouse models deepen our understanding of genetic contributions to schizophrenic phenotypes related to 22q11.2DS.
Adding a smartphone app to global postural re-education to improve neck pain, posture, quality of life, and endurance in people with nonspecific neck pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abadiyan Fatemeh , Hadadnezhad Malihe , Khosrokiani Zohre , Letafatkar Amir , Akhshik Haniyeh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
In this study, the effect of adding a smartphone app to an 8-week global postural reeducation (GPR) on neck pain, endurance, quality of life, and forward head posture (FHP) in patients with chronic neck pain and FHP was evaluated.

Methods
Sixty male and female office workers (38.5 ± 9.1 years) with chronic neck pain were randomly assigned into three groups: group 1 (GPR+ a smartphone app, n = 20), group 2 (GPR alone, n = 20), and group 3 (the control group, n = 20). The primary outcome was pain and the secondary outcomes were disability, quality of life, endurance, and posture. Pain, disability, endurance, quality of life, and posture were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), progressive iso-inertial lifting evaluation (PILE) test, quality of life questionnaire (SF-36), and photogrammetry, respectively, at pre-and post-8-week interventions. A one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) has been conducted to statistically analyze the data.

Results
The GPR+ a smartphone app had statistically significant improvements versus GPR alone in pain (mean difference, − 2.05 ± 0.65, ES (95% CI) − 0.50 (− 1.04 to − 0.01), P = 0.04), disability (difference = 11.5 ± 1.2, ES (95% CI) = 0.31 (0.22 to 0.97), p = 0.033), FHP (difference = 1.6 ± 0.2, ES (95% CI) = 0.31 (0.09 to 0.92), p = 0.047), and endurance (difference = 2 ± 3.3, ES (95% CI) = 0.51 (0.02 to 1.03), p = 0.039). Both of the GPR+ a smartphone app and GPR alone groups had statistically significant differences versus the control group in all outcomes.

Conclusion
When a workplace assessment and management could not be as part of any intervention, adding a smartphone app to GPR for NP may be an appropriate tool to administer a home and work exercise program resulting in elevating pain and disability, as well as improving FHP and endurance.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials using the UMIN-RCT website UMIN000039720. Retrospectively registered on January 9, 2020.
Functional interpretation of ATAD3A variants in neuro-mitochondrial phenotypes
Authors: Yap Zheng Yie , Park Yo Han , Wortmann Saskia B. , Gunning Adam C. , Ezer Shlomit , Lee Sukyeong , Duraine Lita , Wilichowski Ekkehard , Wilson Kate , Mayr Johannes A. , Wagner Matias , Li Hong , Kini Usha , Black Emily Davis , Monaghan Kristin G. , Lupski James R. , Ellard Sian , Westphal Dominik S. , Harel Tamar , Yoon Wan Hee 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundATPase family AAA-domain containing protein 3A (ATAD3A) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial membrane-anchored protein involved in diverse processes including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial DNA organization, and cholesterol metabolism. Biallelic deletions (null), recessive missense variants (hypomorph), and heterozygous missense variants or duplications (antimorph) inATAD3Alead to neurological syndromes in humans.MethodsTo expand the mutational spectrum ofATAD3Avariants and to provide functional interpretation of missense alleles in trans to deletion alleles, we performed exome sequencing for identification of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs) inATAD3Ain individuals with neurological and mitochondrial phenotypes. ADrosophila Atad3a Gal4knockin-null allele was generated using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology to aid the interpretation of variants.ResultsWe report 13 individuals from 8 unrelated families with biallelicATAD3Avariants. The variants included four missense variants inherited in trans to loss-of-function alleles (p.(Leu77Val), p.(Phe50Leu), p.(Arg170Trp), p.(Gly236Val)), a homozygous missense variant p.(Arg327Pro), and a heterozygous non-frameshift indel p.(Lys568del). Affected individuals exhibited findings previously associated withATAD3Apathogenic variation, including developmental delay, hypotonia, congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and cerebellar atrophy.Drosophilastudies indicated that Phe50Leu, Gly236Val, Arg327Pro, and Lys568del are severe loss-of-function alleles leading to early developmental lethality. Further, we showed that Phe50Leu, Gly236Val, and Arg327Pro cause neurogenesis defects. On the contrary, Leu77Val and Arg170Trp are partial loss-of-function alleles that cause progressive locomotion defects and whose expression leads to an increase in autophagy and mitophagy in adult muscles.ConclusionOur findings expand the allelic spectrum ofATAD3Avariants and exemplify the use of a functional assay inDrosophilato aid variant interpretation.
Potential capacity of interferon-α to eliminate covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in hepatocytes infected with hepatitis B virus
Authors: Wang Gang , Guan Jun , Khan Nazif U. , Li Guojun , Shao Junwei , Zhou Qihui , Xu Lichen , Huang Chunhong , Deng Jingwen , Zhu Haihong , Chen Zhi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInterferon-alpha (IFN-α) and nucleot(s)ide analogs (NAs) are first-line drugs for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Generally, NAs target the reverse transcription of HBV pregenomic RNA, but they cannot eliminate covalently-closed-circular DNA (cccDNA). Although effective treatment with NAs can dramatically decrease HBV proteins and DNA loads, and even promote serological conversion, cccDNA persists in the nucleus of hepatocytes due to the lack of effective anti-cccDNA drugs. Of the medications currently available, only IFN-α can potentially target cccDNA. However, the clinical effects of eradicating cccDNA using IFN-α in the hepatocytes of patients with HBV are not proficient as well as expected and are not well understood. Herein, we review the anti-HBV mechanisms of IFN-α involving cccDNA modification as the most promising approaches to cure HBV infection. We expect to find indications of promising areas of research that require further study to eliminate cccDNA of HBV in patients.
Double ipsilateral parathyroid adenomas, with one supernumerary and ectopic at the same time: a case report
Authors: Tzikos Georgios , Polyzonis Michael , Milias Konstantinos , Milias Stefanos , Passos Ioannis , Ioannidis Konstantinos , Doutsini Nektaria-Dimitra , Chatzoulis Georgios , Spyridopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Double adenomas (DA) represents a distinct clinical entity of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). DA may follow various embryologic distribution patterns and could be supernumerary and/or ectopic.

Case presentation
We describe the first case of PHPT which comes as a result of double ipsilateral adenoma, of which one was both ectopic and supernumerary. A 45 year-old Greek male patient with diagnosed PHPT due to a single lower right parathyroid adenoma was admitted to our department for surgical treatment. The preoperative tests (neck US, Sestamibi scan) were conclusive for single gland disease. The patient underwent focused parathyroidectomy. The frozen section revealed a parathyroid adenoma with a slight possibility for parathyroid carcinoma. Ten minutes after the excision, intact PTH (iPTH) dropped >50% related to preoperative values and was within normal range. Right hemithyroidectomy with additional ipsilateral central neck dissection was performed, because of the possibility for parathyroid carcinoma. The final pathology report showed that the first excised tissue proved to be a parathyroid adenoma, while a second subcapsular one and a normal right upper parathyroid gland were also found.

Conclusions
Preoperative localization of DA using routine imaging tests and the utility of intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay are still unreliable in detecting multiple adenomas. Furthermore, a slight possibility of a second and simultaneously supernumerary and ectopic adenoma maybe present. Therefore, it would be advisable to establish the use of more advanced imaging tests (such as 4D-CT, 4D-MRI) or other diagnostic tools when DA are suspected.
Sheep scab transmission: a spatially explicit dynamic metapopulation model
Authors: Nixon Emily , Brooks-Pollock Ellen , Wall Richard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPsoroptic mange (sheep scab), caused by the parasitic mite,Psoroptes ovis, is an important disease of sheep worldwide. It causes chronic animal welfare issues and economic losses. Eradication of scab has proved impossible in many sheep-rearing areas and recent reports of resistance to macrocyclic lactones, a key class of parasiticide, highlight the importance of improving approaches to scab management. To allow this, the current study aimed to develop a stochastic spatial metapopulation model for sheep scab transmission which can be adapted for use in any geographical region, exhibited here using data for Great Britain. The model uses agricultural survey and sheep movement data to geo-reference farms and capture realistic movement patterns. Reported data on sheep scab outbreaks from 1973 to 1991 were used for model fitting with Sequential Monte Carlo Approximate Bayesian Computation methods. The outbreak incidence predicted by the model was from the same statistical distribution as the reported outbreak data ($${\chi }^{2}$$χ2= 115.3,p = 1) and the spatial location of sheep scab outbreaks predicted was positively correlated with the observed outbreak data by county ($$\tau$$τ= 0.55,p < 0.001), confirming that the model developed is able to accurately capture the number of farms infected in a year, the seasonality of scab incidence and the spatial patterns seen in the data. This model gives insight into the transmission dynamics of sheep scab and will allow the exploration of more effective control strategies.
The effect of systemic lidocaine on post-operative opioid consumption in ambulatory surgical patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lovett-Carter Danielle , Kendall Mark C. , Park James , Ibrahim-Hamdan Anas , Crepet Susannah , De Oliveira Gildasio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Ambulatory surgical procedures continue to grow in relevance to perioperative medicine. Clinical studies have examined the use of systemic lidocaine as a component of multimodal analgesia in various surgeries with mixed results. A quantitative review of the opioid-sparing effects of systemic lidocaine in ambulatory surgery has not been investigated. The primary objective of this study was to systematically review the effectiveness of systemic lidocaine on postoperative analgesic outcomes in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery.

Methods
We performed a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials in electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar) from their inception through February 2019. Included trials investigated the effects of intraoperative systemic lidocaine on postoperative analgesic outcomes, time to hospital discharge, and adverse events. Methodological quality was evaluated using Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and the level of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria. Data was combined in a meta-analysis using random-effects models.

Results
Five trials evaluating 297 patients were included in the analysis. The pooled effect of systemic lidocaine on postoperative opioid consumption at post-anesthesia care unit revealed a significant effect, weighted mean difference (95% CI) of − 4.23 (− 7.3 to 1.2, P = 0.007), and, at 24 h, weighted mean difference (95% CI) of − 1.91 (− 3.80 to − 0.03, P = 0.04) mg intravenous morphine equivalents. Postoperative pain control during both time intervals, postoperative nausea and vomiting reported at post anesthesia care unit, and time to hospital discharge were not different between groups. The incidence rate of self-limiting adverse events of the included studies is 0.007 (2/297).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that intraoperative systemic lidocaine as treatment for postoperative pain has a moderate opioid-sparing effect in post anesthesia care unit with limited effect at 24 h after ambulatory surgery. Moreover, the opioid-sparing effect did not impact the analgesia or the presence of nausea and vomiting immediately or 24 h after surgery. Clinical trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to further confirm the short-term analgesic benefit of systemic lidocaine following ambulatory surgery.

Trial registration
PROSPERO (CRD42019142229)
Integrated management is effective in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the blood purification center: joint efforts from multiple departments
Authors: Yin Jinmei , Yin Jun , Tian Zhiwu , Li Peiqiu , Chen Xiaoqiu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
During the outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia, many hospitals in China became the designated hospitals for the treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia. The goal was to develop rapid and effective prevention and control methods for blood purification centers.

Research design and methods
The medical department, hospital department, nursing department, and blood purification center jointly set up a multi-department integrated COVID-19 prevention and control management team to manage the blood purification center. The efforts included the establishment of the continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) team for COVID-19, the integrated training and assessment of medical personnel, the integrated education of patients and their families, and the integrated management of the workflow of the hemodialysis room.

Results
No infected persons, including medical staff, patients, and their families, have been found in the dialysis center. After multi-departmental integrated training, the theoretical performance of medical staff in our dialysis center has increased from 82.36 ± 8.10 to 95.29 ± 4.95 (p < 0.05), and the unqualified rate dropped from 23.21 to 1.78% (p < 0.05). In addition, the three operational skills evaluation scores have also been significantly improved, from 86.00 ± 4.02, 88.01 ± 6.20, 92.01 ± 2.46 to 95.90 ± 0.30, 97.21 ± 0.87, 96.00 ± 1.00 (p < 0.01), and the passing rate from 80.36 to 100% (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Medical staff’s knowledge of novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control can be improved by multi-sectoral integrated management, and CRRT treatment of COVID-19 patients is effective.
Assessing quality of life in pediatric fibrous dysplasia and McCune Albright syndrome: PEDS-QL and HADS data from the Fibrous Dysplasia Foundation Patient Registry
Authors: Konradi Amanda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The International FD/MAS Consortium recently encouraged using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PEDS-QL) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scales (HADS) in clinical care. This study examines scores on these measures among pediatric fibrous dysplasia and McCune Albright (FD/MAS) patients to initiate consideration of their use in clinical treatment.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of pediatric data from 39 minors, ages 2–17, entered in the Fibrous Dysplasia Foundation Patient Registry from July 2016 to December 2018. Sample means and score distributions are compared to general population and chronic disease benchmarks. Associations with medical and demographic variables are also explored.

Results
Mean PEDS-QL scores for children 2–7 were inconclusive in determining at risk status for impaired quality of life (QOL). Individual score distributions suggested up to half experienced extensive physical or social impairment. Means and individual score distributions for the physical and psychosocial components of the PEDS-QL for children 8–17 suggested many were at risk of impaired QOL. Over half of 13–17 year-olds met the clinical benchmark for anxiety. Older males scored better than females on the PEDS-QL and HADS. Pain frequency was associated with physical function for older children.

Conclusions
Older children with FD/MAS may be more compromised in terms of psychosocial QOL than previously reported. Clinicians should be attentive to the influence of gender on QOL in older children. Online patient registries associated with rare diseases have the potential to serve as efficient and cost-effective mechanisms to jumpstart examination of new measures in consideration for clinical use.
Bilateral antrochoanal polyps: a case report
Authors: cherrabi Kaoutar , Touihem Nabil , Nakkabi Ismail , Nadour Karim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Antrochoanal or Killian polyp is a rare polyp of the maxillary sinus in adults. It is generally unilateral, implanted on the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus upon the uncinate process. Bilateral cases are very rare; only 14 cases have been cited from 1980 to 2020.

Case presentation
Our patient presented with a complete bilateral nasal obstruction, this symptom persisted for more than 10 years, with a perceived prolapse in his throat in the last 4 months. Anterior rhinoscopy showed a polyp that took up the totality of his nasal vestibule. Posterior rhinoscopy showed a polyp bulging behind the uvula.
The challenge in this case is related to diagnosis decision; conditions with the same clinical presentation are several.
Diagnosis was established through the clinical, radiological, and endoscopic aspects, and confirmed by histological findings. Management was obtained through functional endoscopic sinus surgery; no recurrence was noted in the 12-month follow-up, and clinical signs had completely subsided.

Conclusion
Diagnosis in bilateral forms of Killian polyp is perplexing; however, its management is generally simple, with excellent outcome. We report the case of the 15th patient along with a systematic literature review discussing bilateral Killian polyps, illustrated by a rare case of enormous bilateral antrochoanal polyps.