bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensatory bladder behaviors (“coping”) in women with overactive bladder
Authors: Reynolds William Stuart , Kaufman Melissa R. , Bruehl Stephen , Dmochowski Roger R. , McKernan Lindsey C. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTAimsThere is little information on how often or within what contexts individuals with OAB use compensatory behaviors (“coping”) to manage symptoms. We sought to examine how frequently women with OAB report using coping behaviors and whether these are associated with psychosocial factors.MethodsOne hundred twenty adult women with OAB completed the OAB questionnaire (OAB‐q), ICIQ‐FLUTS questionnaire, PROMIS Anxiety and Depression, Perceived Stress Scale, patient perception of bladder condition, and demographic and clinical data. Responses from five items from the OAB‐q Quality‐of‐Life scale asking about coping with OAB symptoms (i.e., “compensatory coping behaviors”) were summed to generate a total Coping Score. Linear regression was used to identify associations between individual coping behaviors, total Coping Scores, and exposure variables.ResultsMost (88%) subjects reported using at least one compensatory coping behavior at least “a little of the time,” with “locating the nearest restroom in a new place” the most frequent. Higher BMI, lower education, using OAB medication, and urgency incontinence as well as urinary symptom severity were all associated with higher coping scores. Beyond the influence of OAB severity, higher anxiety (β = 0.15, 95% CI [0.05–0.26], p = 0.004) and stress (β = 0.16 [0.03–0.25], p = 0.02) were significantly associated with higher total coping scores, although depression was not.ConclusionsCompensatory bladder behaviors (coping) were common in women with OAB and were associated with greater urinary symptom severity and higher anxiety and stress. Further study is needed to understand how coping behaviors and psychosocial factors relate, as these may represent important opportunities for interventions.
Efficacy and safety of electrical stimulation in the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in myelomeningocele—Systematic review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Silva Tamiris , T. Horliana Anna C. R. , Malavazzi Tainá C. S. , Santos Elaine M. , Gonçalves Marcela L. L. , Fernandes Kristianne P. S. , Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel A. , Martimbianco Ana Luiza C. , Bussadori Sandra K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this systematic review was to investigate and synthesize the effects (benefits and harms) of electrical stimulation (EE), alone or in association with other interventions, compared with sham and other interventions, for the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in myelomeningocele.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted following the methodological recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020200425). A search was performed in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, LILACS, and PEDro. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed any EE in children diagnosed with myelomeningocele and neurogenic bladder and/or urinary incontinence were included and reported.ResultsWhen comparing EE versus sham groups, some estimated effects showed a wide confidence interval, probably due to the small sample size of the included studies. This indicates an imprecision in these findings. Regarding the safety of this intervention and safety of the lower urinary tract, no adverse events resulting from EE were reported. All the included studies have evaluated the efficacy of EE compared with sham, but different EE parameters and electrode positions among studies make it impossible to perform a meta‐analysis.ConclusionsBased on very low certainty evidence, the findings of this systematic review suggested no difference between EE and sham to improve urinary incontinence in children with myelomeningocele. However, the small sample size and the imprecision arising from the wide confidence intervals must be considered. Future RCTs following a rigorous methodology, as recommended by the CONSORT statement, should be conducted to support the use of this intervention in clinical practice.
Ultrasensitive polyaniline‐nickel oxide cladding modified with urease immobilized intrinsic optical fiber urea biosensor
Authors: Botewad Sunil N. , Gaikwad Dhammajyot K. , Girhe Nitin B. , Pawar Pravina P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a polyaniline‐nickel oxide (PANI‐NiO) nanocomposite as an efficient immobilization matrix for development the optical fiber urea biosensor. Optical fiber sensing probe was developed by removing some portion of optical fiber at middle and modified with PANI‐NiO matrix. After the modification of cladding removed portion, it was immobilized with enzyme urease via glutaraldehyde as a bi‐functional cross‐linking agent. The physicochemical and optical properties of the PANI‐NiO matrix were explored by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. The characteristic features and performance of the developed sensor were evaluated via recording the output power and modal power distribution by means of a charge‐coupled device camera. The developed urea biosensor exhibits a selective response towards urea concentrations in the linear range 1 nM–100 mM with a lower detection limit of 1 nM. Sensor recorded as a 40 days stability and response time ~1 min. Thus, the obtained experimental results of the developed sensor promote its applicability with practical prospects in diverse field.
Effect of different dosages of carbon nanotubes on the metal friction and metal wear in the mixing process
Authors: Han Deshang , Li Shuang , Xiao Xinxin , Xu Minghui , Chen Yihui , Wang Chuansheng , Bian Huiguang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInternal mixer is an important mixing equipment. After working for a long time, the end face of the internal mixer will be worn. The abrasion of the end face can increase the gap between the mixing chamber and the end face, and then material leakage occurs, which reduces the mixing effect and affects the performance of rubber compound. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the wear of the end face in the mixing process. As one‐dimensional nanomaterial, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a perfect hexagonal structure and many unusual mechanical, electrical and chemical properties. In recent years, with the deepening of the research of CNTs and nanomaterial's, their broad application prospects have also been continuously revealed. This paper analyzes the influence of rubber compounds with different CNTs content on the friction and wear of the end face from the perspective of formulation, and the correlation between corrosive wear and abrasive wear is studied. In the present study, it is found that as CNTs increase, the proportion of abrasive wear increases, the proportion of corrosive wear decreases, and the amount of the metal wear decreases. With the increase of CNTs, the hindering effect of CNTs on SiO2 molecules is strengthened, the degree of silanization reaction is reduced, the output of high‐temperature water vapor is reduced, and the corrosive wear of the metal is reduced. The spatial structure of CNTs is a cylinder with hexagonal plane, and it has extremely high toughness and softness, so it has slight wear on the metal. On the one hand, CNTs hinder the movement of SiO2 molecules. On the other hand, because CNTs have the wrapping effect on SiO2 molecules, some silica aggregates have no direct contact with the metal, CNTs become the medium for silica aggregates to contact with the metal. Therefore, with the increase of CNTs, the proportion of abrasive wear gradually increases, but the total amount of the metal wear gradually decreases.
Improving the efficiency and sustainability of catalysts for direct arylation polymerization (DArP)
Authors: Ye Liwei , Thompson Barry C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the past decade, direct arylation polymerization (DArP) has rapidly developed as a sustainable synthetic protocol for cost‐effective, atom‐economical preparation of conjugated polymers. By circumventing monomer functionalization with toxic transmetallating reagents such as organostannane and organoboron required for Stille‐Migita and Suzuki‐Miyaura polymerization methods, DArP proceeds through a metal‐catalyzed CH activation pathway for the preparation of high‐performance conjugated polymer materials. This review evaluates the development of several classes of efficient catalysts/catalytic systems from small‐molecule studies to polymerizations, including the mechanisms involved in these transformations and how they inspire catalyst and monomer design for defect‐free conjugated polymer synthesis. Recent advances in developing more sustainable first‐row transition metal catalysts for DArP are also highlighted, and the fundamental understanding of these efficient and sustainable catalysts should motivate the pursuit for the next generation of catalytic design to enable more effective and environmentally friendly conjugated polymer synthesis.
Gut microbiota disorder caused by diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia pekinensis aggravates intestinal mucosal damage
Authors: Wang Kuilong , Xu Xiaofen , Maimaiti Aikebaier , Hao Min , Sang Xianan , Shan Qiyuan , Wu Xin , Cao Gang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGut microbiota disorder will lead to intestinal damage. This study evaluated the influence of total diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia pekinensis (TDEP) on gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier after long‐term administration, and the correlations between gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier were analysed by Spearman correlation analysis. Mice were randomly divided to control group, TDEP groups (4, 8, 16 mg/kg), TDEP (16 mg/kg) + antibiotic group. Two weeks after intragastric administration, inflammatory factors (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β) and LPS in serum, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces were tested by Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The expression of tight junction (TJ) protein in colon was measured by western blotting. Furthermore, the effects of TDEP on gut microbiota community in mice have been investigated by 16SrDNA high‐throughput sequencing. The results showed TDEP significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factors in dose‐dependent manners, and decreased the expression of TJ protein and SCFAs, and the composition of gut microbiota of mice in TDEP group was significantly different from that of control group. When antibiotics were added, the diversity of gut microbiota was significantly reduced, and the colon injury was more serious. Finally, through correlation analysis, we have found nine key bacteria (Barnesiella, Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Alloprevotella, Candidatus_Arthromitus, Enterorhabdus, Alistipes, Bilophila, Mucispirillum, Ruminiclostridium) that may be related to colon injury caused by TDEP. Taken together, the disturbance of gut microbiota caused by TDEP may aggravate the colon injury, and its possible mechanism may be related to the decrease of SCFAs in feces, disrupted the expression of TJ protein in colon and increasing the contents of inflammatory factors.
Effect of sublethal Spirotetramat on host locating and parasitic behavior of Encarsia formosa Gahan
Authors: Yang Shao‐Wu , Li Ming‐Jiang , Shang Hao‐Pei , Liu Yu‐Han , Li Xing‐Xing , Jiang Zheng‐Xiong , Chen Guo‐Hua , Zhang Xiao‐Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of chemical insecticides to control Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is widespread, although it might exert a sublethal effect on its dominant parasitoid, Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). To investigate the sublethal effect of spirotetramat on E. formosa, we observed the ability of E. formosa to locate and handle the host, oviposit and preen after exposure to sublethal concentrations of spirotetramat.RESULTSAfter exposure to spirotetramat at LC50, the response time of E. formosa to the volatile reached 223.40 s and was significantly prolonged. Only 56.44% of the wasps were attracted by the volatile and the insect crawled the slowest among all of the treatments. The averages of oviposition posture adopted and host handled by each E. formosa in 1 h decreased significantly to 1.79 and 1.27, respectively. At the sublethal concentration of LC10, 94.59% of the wasps were attracted by the volatile and the insect crawled the fastest. The average of host handled by each E. formosa was 3.92, and the frequency of drumming while walking and drumming the host was 12.34 times per second and 12.30 times per second, respectively, demonstrating a significant acceleration in these abilities.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate that spirotetramat induced hormesis in E. formosa on exposure to its LC10 concentration and accelerated its host locating, host handling and frequency of antennae drumming. These findings could assist in balancing the chemical and biological control of B. tabaci and enhancing the efficacy of E. formosa as a biocontrol agent. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
MSCs relieve SLE by modulation of Th17 cells through MMPs–CCL2–CCR2–IL‐17 pathway
Authors: Jiang Bo , Yao Genhong , Tang Xiaojun , Yang Xi , Feng Xuebing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the modulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on T helper 17 (Th17) cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and underlying mechanism.MethodsThe concentration of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), CC chemokine ligand‐2 (CCL2), and interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) in the serum of SLE patients and mice were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of CCR2 and IL‐17 of T lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. The effects of MSCs on Th17 cells were analyzed in lupus mice and coculture system in vitro.ResultsThe levels of MMPs, CCL2, IL‐17, CCR2, and percentages of Th17 cells were significantly increased in SLE patients. These molecules and numbers of Th17 cells were downregulated by umbilical cord‐derived MSCs (UC‐MSCs) which relieve SLE disease. CCL2 neutralizing antibody blocked the effects of MSCs on Th17 cells. MMPs reversed the function of CCL2.ConclusionThe beneficial effects of MSCs on SLE patients rely on secreting MMPs, which reverse the activity of CCL2 to inhibit Th17 cells, suggesting the crucial MSCs–MMP–CCL2–CCR2–Th17–IL‐17 pathway in SLE.
Voluntary exercise influences metastatic organotropism in a murine colorectal cancer model
Authors: Wijler Liza A. , Raats Danielle A.E. , Verheem Andre , den Otter Anna M. , Rundqvist Helene , van Dijk Miriam , May Anne M. , Kranenburg Onno 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and CRC‐specific mortality. However, evidence for a causal relationship between physical activity and disease progression is lacking. Here, we have used CRC organoids to create a novel mouse model for spontaneous metastasis formation to multiple organs. We have used this model to assess the influence of voluntary exercise on disease progression.MethodsCollagen‐embedded murine colorectal tumour organoids were transplanted into the livers of immunocompetent C57Bl/6 mice using microsurgery. Voluntary exercise in tumour‐bearing mice was modelled by offering running wheels continuously (n = 12) or 3 h/day (n = 12) versus no wheel access (n = 12). Running wheel revolutions were cumulatively measured every 30 min and physical activity was continuously monitored by infrared cameras. Food intake was monitored throughout the experiment and body composition was assessed with echoMRI. Animals were sacrificed 14 weeks after tumour initiation. Tumour load was quantified by EpCAM immunohistochemistry staining. Systemic inflammation parameters were assessed in blood plasma by a multiplex immunoassay.ResultsTumour growth was initiated by implantation of CRC organoids into the livers of immunocompetent mice. The resulting tumours spontaneously formed distant metastases to non‐implanted liver lobes and to the lungs. Mice with access to the running wheels for 3 h/day ran relatively short distances (2.3 ± 0.3 km/night; 221 ± 29 km total distance) with relatively high intensity (wheel revolutions/h). Mice with continuous access to the running wheels ran significantly longer distances (6.6 ± 3.0 km/night; 600 ± 290 km total distance) with a significantly lower intensity. Both exercise groups showed increased lean body mass, and decreased fat mass and body weight compared with tumour‐bearing control mice. Food intake was unaffected by exercise or tumour growth. Primary tumour growth was not significantly affected by exercise. However, mice with continuous wheel access (long distance‐lower intensity group) displayed increased lung metastasis and decreased liver metastasis formation, when compared with the sedentary control group. Short distance‐higher intensity exercise did not affect metastasis formation. Analysis of blood cytokine levels revealed that mice with continuous wheel access displayed signs of systemic inflammation.ConclusionsThese results suggest that exercise has the potential to influence the patterns and extent of metastasis in CRC, and that the degree and intensity of exercise are likely to be important variables. Confirmation of these results in additional preclinical models with or without systemic treatment is warranted.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnTiO3 Perovskite Layers Deposited on Silicon for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Hammedi Khadija , Dkhili Marwa , Khalifa Marouan , Alvarez‐Galvan Consuelo , Ouertani Rachid , Aouida Selma , Ezzaouia Hatem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the effect of annealing temperature on structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of nanostructured ZnTiO3 thin films deposited on Si substrates. ZnTiO3 coatings were prepared by consecutive sol‐gel method and further deposited on Si substrates by spin‐coating. The obtained films were annealed at three various temperatures namely 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the crystallite size of the films grows from 100 to 125 nm as the annealing temperature increases from 700 to 900 °C. At the same time, the roughness increases from 232 to 289 nm and the band gap dwindles from 3.73 to 3.05 eV. ZnTiO3 coatings annealed at 700 °C exhibits the highest photodegradation rate about 74 % to catalyze the degradation of the Methylene Blue aqueous solution. We demonstrate that this high photocatalytic activity is attributed to the structural and optical properties of prepared samples.
Mitochondrial disease, mitophagy, and cellular distress in methylmalonic acidemia
Authors: Luciani Alessandro , Denley Matthew C. S. , Govers Larissa P. , Sorrentino Vincenzo , Froese D. Sean 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMitochondria—the intracellular powerhouse in which nutrients are converted into energy in the form of ATP or heat—are highly dynamic, double-membraned organelles that harness a plethora of cellular functions that sustain energy metabolism and homeostasis. Exciting new discoveries now indicate that the maintenance of this ever changing and functionally pleiotropic organelle is particularly relevant in terminally differentiated cells that are highly dependent on aerobic metabolism. Given the central role in maintaining metabolic and physiological homeostasis, dysregulation of the mitochondrial network might therefore confer a potentially devastating vulnerability to high-energy requiring cell types, contributing to a broad variety of hereditary and acquired diseases. In this Review, we highlight the biological functions of mitochondria-localized enzymes from the perspective of understanding—and potentially reversing—the pathophysiology of inherited disorders affecting the homeostasis of the mitochondrial network and cellular metabolism. Using methylmalonic acidemia as a paradigm of complex mitochondrial dysfunction, we discuss how mitochondrial directed-signaling circuitries govern the homeostasis and physiology of specialized cell types and how these may be disturbed in disease. This Review also provides a critical analysis of affected tissues, potential molecular mechanisms, and novel cellular and animal models of methylmalonic acidemia which are being used to develop new therapeutic options for this disease. These insights might ultimately lead to new therapeutics, not only for methylmalonic acidemia, but also for other currently intractable mitochondrial diseases, potentially transforming our ability to regulate homeostasis and health.
Was sollte der (Allgemein‑/Viszeral‑)Chirurg über Arbeitsmedizin wissen?
Authors: Thielmann Beatrice , Meyer Frank , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Arbeit geht um die allgemeinen Impfempfehlungen und postexpositionelle Prophylaxe, die bei Schnitt- und Nadelstichverletzungen infrage kommen können. Schnitt- und Nadelstichverletzungen gehören zu häufigen Arbeitsunfällen bei chirurgisch bzw. operativ und interventionell tätigen Ärzten. Diese sind als Akut- bzw. Notfälle zu deuten, vor allem wenn Kontakt zu infektiösen Indexpatienten bestand bzw. die Infektionsgefährdung nicht auszuschließen ist. Folgend entstehen hohe volkswirtschaftliche Kosten, aber auch die individuelle Konfrontation mit einer durchaus nicht heilbaren Infektionskrankheit. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, auf die allgemeinen und berufsbedingten Impfempfehlungen für Chirurgen hinzuweisen. Darüber hinaus werden Hintergründe und rechtliche Grundlagen dargestellt, denn auch für jeden Chirurgen besteht eine Hol- und Bringschuld im Rahmen effektiver Schutzmaßnahmen gegen Infektionskrankheiten durch Schnitt- und Nadelstichverletzungen. Ergänzend werden Primärprophylaxe, Impfempfehlungen und Postexpositionsprophylaxe nach stattgehabten Stich- oder Schnittverletzungen sowie das TOP-Prinzip aufgezeigt. Das TOP-Prinzip umfasst technische, organisatorische und personenbezogene Schutzmaßnahmen.
Mechanical properties of laterally loaded threaded rods embedded in softwood
Authors: Stamatopoulos Haris , Massaro Francesco Mirko , Qazi Jalal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAt present, the mechanical properties of laterally loaded threaded fasteners with large diameters embedded in timber elements remain unknown. An experimental study of laterally loaded threaded rods with wood screw threads embedded perpendicular to grain in softwood elements (spruce and pine glulam and spruce LVL) is presented in this paper. Embedment tests with the load acting parallel and perpendicular to grain were carried out and the embedment strength and stiffness were quantified. For some test series, the experimental embedment strengths were lower compared to the predictions according to Eurocode 5 in terms of both mean and characteristic values. This finding indicates that the predictions by Eurocode 5 are not always conservative. To investigate the effect of the thread, additional series of embedment tests were carried out with smooth dowels featuring a diameter approximately equal to the core diameter of the threaded rods. Finally, the yielding moment of threaded rods was quantified based on a series of three-point bending tests of threaded rods. The experimentally determined yielding moment was significantly higher than the prediction of Eurocode 5.