bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Surface Renewal Method for Estimating Cotton Evapotranspiration in South Carolina
Authors: Ewing Andrew C. , Payero José O. , Xu Liyi , Owino Tom O. , Suvocarev Kosana 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsThe Surface Renewal (SR), Eddy Covariance (EC), and FAO56 methods were used to estimate crop evapotranspiration.An independently calibrated SR approach was used with a low-cost cup anemometer and assumed energy balance closure.All three approaches (SR, EC, and FAO56) resulted in similar crop ET values during later stages of growth (R2 = 0.87).SR has the potential to lower field-scale ET measurement costs and equipment requirements.Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is important for many agricultural and hydrological applications, but its measurement normally requires expensive instrumentation. The Surface Renewal method (SR) has been proposed as a relatively low-cost alternative to measure ET, but the need for local calibration has been cited as a shortcoming. Castellví (2004)(2004) proposed a similarity-based SR approach to address this shortcoming, but field comparisons evaluating the accuracy of the approach using low-cost anemometry are currently lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the similarity-based SR approach using low-cost anemometry (cup anemometer) for estimating cotton ET in comparison to the Eddy Covariance (EC) and FAO56 methods (Allen et al., 1998). Concurrent estimates of cotton ET were taken in 2019 at two adjacent cotton fields in South Carolina using the SR, EC, and FAO56 methods. SR and EC measurements of sensible heat flux were replicated using two in-field tower locations in the north field and ET was derived using the energy balance closure approach. An analysis was made to ensure =90% of the EC and SR seasonal data came from the field area (Kljun et al., 2015), with additional filtering to ensure that the higher-mounted EC had &gt;90% footprint from the field area for each half-hour of analysis. In general, the results showed very good agreement between the daily crop ET values measured by SR and EC (R2north = 0.93, R2south = 0.97) for all of the season, and good agreement between SR and FAO56 measurements when crop height was more developed (R2north = 0.92, R2south = 0.87), near or above a canopy height of 0.75 m. There was disagreement between the non-continuous north tower SR measurements and FAO56 measurements in earlier stages of growth (June and July R2 = 0.09), which may have been due to uncertainty with the FAO56 local single crop coefficients or with a lack of energy balance closure. The results suggest that the use of low-cost anemometry with the independently calibrated SR approach is a useful alternative to measure crop ET under the conditions of this study, but further research may be necessary to evaluate the use of low-cost anemometry for direct SR ET measurements. Keywords: Cotton irrigation, Crop coefficients, Eddy covariance, Evapotranspiration, ET, Surface renewal.
Indoor Climate and Energy Model Calibration with Monitored Data of a Naturally Ventilated Dairy Barn in a Cold Climate
Authors: Nguyen-Ky Sy , Penttilä Katariina 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsIndoor climate and energy model of a dairy barn is constructed and calibrated with collected data.Long-term monitoring of indoor conditions and electricity consumption greatly facilitates the model calibration process.Statistical benchmarks given by guidelines confirm the usability and reliability of the model.Abstract. This study demonstrates an application of ICE model calibration by using sensor building metrics in a naturally ventilated dairy house in a cold climate. The barn, at the time of the study, had 70 lactating cows and 30 calves with a total animal area of 1922 m2 and other auxiliary areas of 268 m2. Indoor condition data were collected by four integrated sensors inside the barn for six months, from March to August 2019. IDA ICE 4.8 SP1 simulation software was used to build and simulate the model, with calibration steps conducted first manually, then statistically. Actual weather and indoor condition data during the monitored period were used for calibration; statistical indices of the calibrated model were confirmed by the benchmarks given from ASHRAE Guideline 14-2014, IPMVP version 2016, and FEMP version 4.0 2015. The yielded result was a baseline ICE model, which can be further utilized in the study of energy conservation measures (ECMs), retrofitting feasibility, and ammonia and other contaminant gas emission mitigation. The abovementioned calibration practice and the proposals built on it open a pathway to achieve a higher level of energy efficiency for this type of livestock building. Keywords: Cold weather, Dairy farms, Model calibration, Natural ventilation.
Detecting Macropore Fingering Using Temporal Electrical Resistivity Imaging
Authors: Halihan Todd , Hager John Paul , Guertault Lucie , Fox Garey A. 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsSingle macropores can be detected using temporal electrical resistivity imaging under controlled conditions.Macropore flow can be detected based on preferentially wetted fingers of increased conductance.Macropore activation does not appear to require saturated surface conditions to induce preferential flow.Abstract. Riparian soils are uniquely susceptible to the formation of macropores, which are hypothesized to promote fast transport of water and contaminants through upper soil layers. Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) can locate spatial heterogeneities in soil wetting patterns and evaluate differences due to vegetation, thus optimizing the design of riparian buffers. Temporal ERI (TERI) imaging was conducted in a fine and coarse field setting with artificial macropores to evaluate flow under unsaturated simulated rainfall conditions and saturated infiltrometer conditions. While single macropores are detectable using TERI datasets, the results in an average field setting would detect the wetted area surrounding a macropore, not the macropore itself. The results were similar for both the primary fine grain soil site in Oklahoma as well as the coarse grain site in North Carolina. TERI data indicated that without artificial conditions with low noise conditions, a single macropore would not be detected, a wetted zone would be the best detection. In ordinary field evaluation of natural macropores, the TERI technique would detect the wetted zone around a macropore similar to a high hydraulic conductivity zone in a heterogeneous soil matrix. Finally, the results confirmed that macropore activation does not require saturated conditions to generate preferential flow. Keywords: Hydrogeophysics, Preferential flowpaths, Riparian buffers, Temporal electrical resistivity imaging.
Effects of Different Management Methods for Sunn-Hemp Cover Crop on Corn Production in a No-Till System in Cambodia
Authors: Hin Lyhour , Kornecki Ted S. , Reyes Manuel R. , Bunthong Borarin , Hok Lyda , Lor Lytour , Tivet Florent , Leng Vira , Suos Vuthy , Clemmons Horace 
Published: October 2021

Highlights Soil type, operational speed, machinery weight, and power size affected corn seeding rate and seeding efficiency Corn growth and yield was affected by seeder type, so utilization of appropriate machinery is very important Having cover crop residue on the land can maintain soil moisture for a longer time than tilled land Abstract.Conservation agriculture (CA) is gaining popularity in Cambodia to sustain soil fertility, productivity, and profits. However, the adoption remains slow due to the low engagement so far of local services into CA machinery and technology. Therefore, this paper aimed to compare different no-till seeders and residue retention methods for corn (Zea mays L.) sowing and to determine their effects on growth and yield. The experiment was conducted in Rattanak Mondul District, Battambang Province, in the wet season of 2019. Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) was grown as a cover crop for 74 days prior to corn. Each main plot was 14 × 34 m and was subdivided lengthwise with 4.0-m buffers for operations of two different seeders, namely one-row Morrison seeder mounted on 14 kW Oggun tractor and four-row Brazilian seeder mounted on 56 kW John Deere tractor. The results show that using Brazilian seeder saved around 50% of seed and 80% of time, when compared with Morrison seeder. Plant population, plant diameter, and kernel characteristics were also significantly greater with Brazilian seeder, when compared to the Morrison seeder. A combination of the Brazilian seeder and Cambodia made crimper plots had larger ear size and weight. Volumetric Moisture Content (VMC) was significantly affected by residue retention with higher VMC for rolled and crimped residue compared to disked/incorporated residue. The study demonstrates that using no-till equipment such as roller crimpers and no-till planters is feasible in Cambodia’s small farming systems although more research is needed to study long-term effects on crop yields and soil health. Keywords: Battambang Province, Conservation agriculture, Green manure, Soil improvements
Complex study of solitonic ultrafast self-switching in slightly asymmetric dual-core fibers
Authors: Longobucco Mattia , Astrauskas Ignas , Pugžlys Audrius , Dang Nhat Thai , Pysz Dariusz , Uherek František , Baltuška Andrius , Buczyński Ryszard , Bugár Ignác 
Published: October 2021

We present a complex study of pulse-energy-controlled solitonic self-switching of femtosecond pulses at wavelengths of 1700 and 1560 nm in two nonlinear high-index contrast dual-core fibers having different levels of slight asymmetry. In the case of the fiber with higher dual-core asymmetry excited by 1700 nm pulses, the highest switching contrast of 20.8 dB at 40 mm fiber length was demonstrated. It was accompanied by multiple exchanges of the dominant core at the fiber output, which is a strong signature of the soliton-based switching process. In the case of the fiber with lower dual-core asymmetry, excited by 1560 nm pulses, the highest switching contrast of 21.4 dB at 35 mm fiber length was achieved with a broadband character of the switching in the spectral range of 1450–1650 nm. Both demonstrations represent progress in all-optical switching studies at these particular wavelengths thanks to a comparison between their results, which reveals the requirement of a higher level of dual-core symmetry for applicable C-band operation.
Optical properties of biochemical compositions of microalgae within the spectral range from 300 to 1700  nm
Authors: Li Xingcan , Lin Li , Xie Bowei , Wu Minghui , Ma Lanxin , Yang Jia-Yue 
Published: October 2021

The optical properties of biochemical compositions of microalgae are vital for the improvement of biosensor design, photobioreactor design, biofuel, and biophotonics techniques. A combination method using both the double optical pathlength transmission method (DOPTM) and the ellipsometry method (EM) is called DOPTM-EM, and it is used to acquire the optical constants of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate of Haematococcus pluvialis, Nannochloropsis sp., and Spirulina in both a solid state and a solution state within the visible and near-infrared spectral range. For different types of microalgae, the refractive indices of protein and carbohydrate in the solid state are similar to each other, but show an observed difference from lipid in the solid state. The refractive indices of protein and carbohydrate in the solution state presents a visible distinction in the researched spectral range. The absorption indices of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate in the solid state for these three types of microalgae are close to each other in the spectral range of 300–500 nm. However, an observed difference is shown in the spectral range of 500–1700 nm. For ease of application, the refractive index of biochemical composition of microalgae was fitted based on the Sellmeier equation. We believe this work can provide a reference to obtain the optical properties of biomaterial with high accuracy.
Simultaneous temperature and refractive index sensor based on an L-like
Michelson interferometer
Authors: Zhang Yulan , Wu Yongfeng , Han Yang , Mao Yaya , Wu Jing , Zhao Lilong , Tang Rong , Ren Jianxin , Liu Bo 
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, temperature and refractive index (RI) sensing with a novel L-like Michelson interferometer (MI). Two MIs are designed based on single-mode fiber (SMF) and multimode fiber (MMF), respectively, fabricated via an oxyhydrogen flame and a rotatable platform. By comparative experiments on the size and bent degree of the sensor, the corresponding parameters of the sensor with excellent performance are determined for measurement experiments. The RI sensitivity of the SMF L-like MI reaches

−

131.0

n
m

/

R
I
U

, and the highest temperature sensitivity is 94.17 pm/°C. The highest RI of the MMF L-like MI is 176.5 nm/RIU, and the temperature sensitivity is 104.2 pm/°C. The L-like MI has advantages of low cost and easy fabrication, and is a promising temperature and RI sensor in a wide range of measurements.
Transparency, health equity, and strategies in state-based protocols for remdesivir allocation and use
Authors: Kiptanui Zippora , Ghosh Sanchari , Ali Sabeen , Desai Karishma , Harris Ilene 
Published: October 2021

Background
The Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of remdesivir for coronavirus disease 2019 raised questions on transparency of applied strategy, and how to equitably allocate and prioritize eligible patients given limited supply of the medication. The absence of federal oversight highlighted the critical role by states in health policymaking during a pandemic.

Objective
To identify public state-based protocols for remdesivir allocation and clinical guidance for prioritizing remdesivir use and assess approaches and inclusion of language promoting equitable access or mitigating health disparities.

Methods
We identified remdesivir allocation strategies and clinical use guidelines for all 50 states in the U.S. and the District of Columbia accessible on state health department websites or via internet searches. Public protocols dated between May 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020 were included in the study. We reviewed strategies for allocation and clinical use, including whether protocols contained explicit language on equitable access to remdesivir or mitigating health disparities.

Results
A total of 38 states had a remdesivir allocation strategy, with 33 states (87%) making these public. States used diverse allocation strategies, and only 10 (30%) of the 33 states included language on equitable allocation. A total of 30 states had remdesivir clinical use guidelines, where all were publicly accessible. All guidelines referenced recommendations by federal agencies but varied in their presentation format. Of the 30 states, 12 (40%) had guidelines that included language on equitable use. Neither an allocation strategy or clinical use guideline were identified (public or non-public) for 10 states and the District of Columbia during the study period.

Conclusions
The experience with the remdesivir EUA presents an opportunity for federal and state governments to develop transparent protocols promoting fair and equal access to treatments for future pandemics.
Role of ADAMTS13, VWF and F8 genes in deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Pagliari Maria Teresa , Cairo Andrea , Boscarino Marco , Mancini Ilaria , Pappalardo Emanuela , Bucciarelli Paolo , Martinelli Ida , Rosendaal Frits R. , Peyvandi Flora 
Published: October 2021

Background
We previously described the association between rare ADAMTS13 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Moreover, DVT patients with at least one rare ADAMTS13 SNV had a lower ADAMTS13 activity than non-carriers.

Aims
To confirm ADAMTS13 variants association with DVT and reduced plasma ADAMTS13 activity levels in a larger population. To investigate the role of VWF and F8 variants.

Methods
ADAMTS13, VWF and F8 were sequenced using next-generation sequencing in 594 Italian DVT patients and 571 controls. Genetic association testing was performed using logistic regression and gene-based tests. The association between rare ADAMTS13 variants and the respective plasmatic activity, available for 365 cases and 292 controls, was determined using linear regression. All analyses were age-, sex- adjusted.

Results
We identified 48 low-frequency/common and 272 rare variants. Nine low-frequency/common variants had a P<0.05, but a false discovery rate between 0.06 and 0.24. Of them, 7 were found in ADAMTS13 (rs28641026, rs28503257, rs685523, rs3124768, rs3118667, rs739469, rs3124767; all protective) and 2 in VWF (rs1800382 [risk], rs7962217 [protective]). Rare ADAMTS13 variants were significantly associated with DVT using the burden, variable threshold (VT) and UNIQ (P<0.05), but not with C-ALPHA, SKAT and SKAT-O tests. Rare VWF and F8 variants were not associated with DVT. Carriers of rare ADAMTS13 variants had lower ADAMTS13 activity than non-carriers (ß -6.2, 95%CI -11,-1.5). This association was stronger for DVT patients than controls (ß -7.5, 95%CI -13.5,-1.5 vs. ß -2.9, 95%CI -10.4,4.5).

Conclusions
ADAMTS13 and VWF low-frequency/common variants mainly showed a protective effect, although their association with DVT was not confirmed. DVT patients carrying a rare ADAMTS13 variants had slightly reduced ADAMTS13 activity levels, but a higher DVT risk. Rare VWF and FVIII variants were not associated with DVT suggesting that other mechanisms are responsible for the high VWF and FVIII levels measured in DVT patients.
Ensino de língua e o multilinguismo, multiculturalismo/interculturalismo: a necessidade de uma nova postura pedagógica
Authors: Basso Marques Maria José Basso Marques , Girardo Botelho Borges Flávia 
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo expor algumas reflexões teóricas para o papel docente diante de um alunado multilíngue e multicultural/intercultural bem como um breve relato pedagógico refletindo sobre a necessidade de mudança na postura pedagógica frente às produções híbridas, produzidas pelos alunos, que são resultados da sociedade contemporânea. Sendo assim, o estudo dialoga com autores como (LEFFA; IRALA, 2014), (BAUMAN, 2005), (CANCLINI, 1997, 2000), CAZDEN, C.; COPE, B.; FAIRCLOUGH, N.; GEE (1996), HALL (2006), ROJO (2012, 2013), entre outros, os quais discutem o contexto plural dessa sociedade globalizada e a necessidade de uma pedagogia crítica acompanhada de letramentos múltiplos. As considerações apresentadas revelaram que pensar o multilinguismo e a interculturalidade, pautados na diversidade de linguagem em diferentes gêneros, desenvolvem mecanismos para ofertar um ensino de qualidade emergindo assim uma nova pedagogia. Espera-se que as reflexões aqui contempladas, possam contribuir para os espaços de educação, tanto na recepção quanto na reprodução, no que tange ao aperfeiçoamento de práticas pedagógicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento do multiletramento, letramento crítico e da autoria.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensino de língua. Multilinguismo.
Evaluation and treatment of peripheral nervous system dysfunction in patients with prediabetes
Authors: Zinovyeva O. E. , Ostroumova T. M. , Koniashova M. V. , Gorbachev N. A. 
Published: October 2021

The worldwide prevalence of prediabetes is steadily increasing, with up to a third of patients already showing signs of diabetic neuropathy (DN). Prediabetes includes impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or a combination of both.Recent diagnostic criteria of prediabetes according to Russian, European, and American clinical guidelines are presented. The review covers the most common forms of DN in patients with prediabetes (distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy, painful DN, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy) and their prevalence. Recommended methods of DN screening are discussed: diagnostic scales, sensory testing, nerve conduction study, autonomic testing, corneal confocal microscopy. The results of studies evaluating instrumental methods for diagnosing peripheral nervous system (PNS) dysfunction in prediabetes are discussed. Management tactics in patients with prediabetes and PNS dysfunction should include non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Combining a low-calorie diet and regular physical activity can delay the development of diabetes mellitus and reduce the severity of neuropathic pain. In patients with painful DN, the first-line therapy includes pregabalin, gabapentin, and duloxetine. Since there is no current data on the effect of hypoglycemic therapy on the risks of development and/or progression of DN in patients with prediabetes, antioxidants are considered pathogenetic therapy. Alpha-lipoic acid (Berlition®) in the management of patients with prediabetes is discussed.
Anticoagulant therapy for stroke prevention in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Azimov A. T. , Rakhimbaeva G. S. , Azimov F. Z. 
Published: October 2021

During the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection, there is increasing evidence of neurological complications associated with COVID-19. There is no doubt that stroke can be a major complication in patients with severe disease course.Objective: to determine the safest and most effective anticoagulant for stroke prevention in patients with severe COVID-19.Patients and methods. A prospective study enrolled 520 patients with severe COVID-19. We used the following criteria for severe COVID-19: SpO2 <92% on room air at sea level, PaO2 /FiO2 <300 mm Hg, respiratory rate >30 breaths/min, lung infiltrates >50% on computed tomography. The study included 509 patients, divided into three groups depending on the type of anticoagulant therapy: patients of the 1st group received 24–36 thousand IU of heparin, patients of the 2nd group – enoxaparin at a dose of 1 mg/kg per day, patients of the 3rd group – rivaroxaban at a dose of 20 mg/day. The duration of anticoagulant administration depended on the severity of the patient's condition, dynamics of laboratory parameters (D-dimer, fibrinogen, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count), and varied from 2 to 6 weeks. In addition, we studied the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and transient ischemic attacks during a 6-week follow-up period. The article also presents a clinical case of large artery thrombosis in a young patient with severe COVID-19 without stroke risk factors.Results and discussion. Even against the background of active primary prevention, stroke incidence was 2.6% (0.6% for ischemic stroke, 1.4% for venous stroke, and 0.6% for hemorrhagic stroke). The highest stroke incidence was observed in the group of patients receiving heparin. In contrast, the prevention of thrombotic complications in patients receiving low-molecular-weight anticoagulants or rivaroxaban showed the best results with minimal morbidity and mortality in severe COVID-19.Conclusion. Stroke can be a complication of COVID-19, and preventive anticoagulant therapy using low-molecular-weight heparin or a factor X inhibitor effectively prevents this complication.