bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulate the Electron Mobility and Threshold Voltage of P(NDI2OD‐T2)‐Based Organic Field‐Effect Transistors by the Compatibility Principle
Authors: Yang Hau‐Ren , Lai Yu‐Ying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBlending has been used extensively to meet the requirements for high‐mobility organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), involving various combinations of (non‐)conjugated polymers and (non‐)conjugated molecules. Nonetheless, the collaborative effects of conjugated polymer and its structurally analogous molecule on charge‐transport properties have rarely been reported. In this work, P(NDI2OD‐T2) and N,N′‐bisbutyl‐2,6‐bis([2,2′]bithiophenyl‐5‐yl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalene diimide (M), are synthesized and blended with each other. M is designed to resemble the monomeric unit of P(NDI2OD‐T2) on the basis of the premise that structural similarity would promote their compatibility in the blends. This compatibility preserves electronic coupling through intermolecular interaction and establishes charge‐transport pathways as well. Overall, the thin‐film morphology of the blends could be prudently regulated through controlling the blending fraction, resulting in raising electron mobility up to ≈0.3 cm2 V−1 s−1. More importantly, this approach reduces threshold voltage by 50%, originating from lowering the injection barrier. These findings are well rationalized and the promising capabilities of the compatibility principle in OFETs are strongly supported.
Ion Migration Accelerated Reaction between Oxygen and Metal Halide Perovskites in Light and Its Suppression by Cesium Incorporation
Authors: Lin Dongxu , Shi Tingting , Xie Haipeng , Wan Fang , Ren Xiaoxue , Liu Kai , Zhao Yuan , Ke Lili , Lin Yun , Gao Yongli , Xu Xin , Xie Weiguang , Liu Pengyi , Yuan Yongbo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells are susceptible to multiple influencing factors such as moisture, oxygen, heat stress, ion migration. Given the complex practical working conditions for solar cells, a fundamental question is how different failure mechanisms collaborate and substantially accelerate the device degradation. In this study, it is found that ion migration can accelerate the reaction between oxygen and methylammonium lead iodide perovskite in light conditions. This is suggested since regions with local electric fields suffer from more severe decomposition. Here it is reported that cesium ions (Cs+) incorporated in perovskite lattice, with a moderate doping concentration (e.g. 5%), can function as stabilizers to efficiently interrupt such a synergistic effect between oxygen induced degradation and ion migration while retaining the high performance of perovskite solar cells. Both experimental and theoretical results suggest that 5% Cs+ ions incorporation simultaneously suppresses the formation of reactive superoxide ions () as well as ion migration in perovskites by forming additional energy barriers. This A‐site cations engineering is also a promising strategy to circumvent the detrimental effect of oxygen molecules in FA‐based perovskites, which is important for developing high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability.
Assessment of extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek‐based water film on multiphase transport behavior in shale microfractures
Authors: Wang Dongying , Yao Jun , Chen Zhangxin , Song Wenhui , Sun Hai , Yan Xia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study presents a novel model to predict gas–water two‐phase transport behaviors in shale microfractures by incorporating a mobile water film with varying thickness according to the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory as well as multiple fluid transport mechanisms (i.e., real gas transport controlled by the Knudsen number and water slippage). This model is implemented in real shale microfractures via digital‐core imaging. A gas–water displacement process is modeled by the invasion percolation theory, while a local multiphase distribution is determined by combining disjoining pressure with capillary force. Key findings reveal that gas relative permeability decreases by 17% and water RP enhances by 33.5%, when the mean aperture decreases from 1.67 to 0.0418 μm. Neglecting water film brings a decrease in water RP and an overestimation of gas transport ability. Moreover, two critical microfracture apertures are determined, which enhances an understanding of the water film impact on gas–water transport properties in application.
Modeling of the volatile organic compounds biodegradation process in the trickle‐bed bioreactor—Analysis of the model parametric sensitivity
Authors: Gąszczak Agnieszka , Bartelmus Grażyna , Rotkegel Adam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMathematical models of the process of air purification from hydrophobic (styrene) or hydrophilic (vinyl acetate, VA) compounds carried out in a co‐current trickle‐bed bioreactor were presented. These models were marked as TSM (two‐substrate model), OSM (one‐substrate model) and AOSM (approximate one‐substrate model). The experimental database was exploited to validate the TSM which approximated very well the experimental data; the mean percentage error of RE prediction did not exceed 3% for styrene and 4.1% for VA. For the tested systems, TSM was only sensitive to the changes in biomass dry density Xb and effective diffusion coefficient Dj,ef values. The percentage relative error of the state variable computed using OSM/AOSM in relation to the value obtained from TSM was the quantitative criterion for comparison of the results obtained using different mathematical models of the process. It was shown that the simplified models describe the process investigated with satisfactory accuracy.
Clinical and molecular characterizations of 11 new patients with type 1 Feingold syndrome: Proposal for selecting diagnostic criteria and further genetic testing in patients with severe phenotype
Authors: Tedesco Maria Giovanna , Lonardo Fortunato , Ceccarini Caterina , Cesarano Carla , Digilio Maria Cristina , Magliozzi Monia , Rogaia Daniela , Mencarelli Amedea , Leoni Chiara , Piscopo Carmelo , Imperatore Valentina , Falco Maria Teresa , Fontana Paolo , Nardone Anna Maria , Novelli Antonio , Troiani Stefania , Seri Marco , Prontera Paolo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFeingold Syndrome type 1 (FS1) is an autosomal dominant disorder due to a loss of function mutations in the MYCN gene. FS1 is generally clinically characterized by mild learning disability, microcephaly, short palpebral fissures, short stature, brachymesophalangy, hypoplastic thumbs, as well as syndactyly of toes, variably associated with organ abnormalities, the most common being gastrointestinal atresia. In current literature, more than 120 FS1 patients have been described, but diagnostic criteria are not well agreed upon, likewise the genotype–phenotype correlations are not well understood. Here, we describe 11 FS1 patients, belonging to six distinct families, where we have identified three novel MYCN mutations along with three pathogenetic variants, the latter which have already been reported. Several patients presented a mild phenotype of the condition and they have been diagnosed as being affected only after segregation analyses of the MYCN mutation identified in the propositus. We also describe here the first ever FS1 patient with severe intellectual disability having a maternally inherited MYCN variant together with an additional GNAO1 mutation inherited paternally. Mutations in the GNAO1 gene are associated with a specific form of intellectual disability and epilepsy, thus the finding of two different rare diseases in the same patient could explain his severe phenotype. Therein, a thorough investigation is merited into the possibility that additional variants in patients with a MYCN mutation and severe phenotype do exist. Finally, in order to guarantee a more reliable diagnosis of FS1, we suggest using both major and minor clinical‐molecular diagnostic criteria.
Activatable Chemiluminescent Molecular Probes for Bioimaging and Biosensing
Authors: Yang Yanling , Zhang Fan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChemiluminescence (CL) is a very promising method for applications in analytic chemistry and biological systems due to the elimination of the external light source, which could reduce autofluorescence interference and improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and tissue penetration depth. The fluorescent dyes, chemiluminescent initiator, and reaction temperature are three crucial factors that determine the chemiluminescence efficiency. Up to now, significant development of chemiluminescence probes has been reported for high‐performance imaging and sensing, including the systems based on luminol, imidazopyrazinone, peroxyoxalate, and Schaap's dioxetane. In this review, we give an overview of the current chemiluminescence probes and their bioimaging and biosensing applications. We also provide perspectives on designing chemiluminescent probes with good efficiency and longer emission wavelengths.
Reinforcing effect of nanocrystalline cellulose and office waste paper fibers on mechanical and thermal properties of poly (lactic acid) composites
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Li Shaoge , Li Jia , Fu Baiqiao , Di Jingjing , Xu Long , Zhu Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from office waste paper (OWP) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method in this paper and it was used to prepare a series of poly (lactic acid) PLA/NCC composites by using a dissolution method in solvent N, N‐dimethylformamide solution. The results indicated that with the addition of only 3 wt% NCC, the composites exhibited outstanding mechanical property. The tensile, bending and impact properties of the PLA/3NCC composite were improved by 8.2%, 13.1%, and 35.9% than those of pure PLA, respectively. On this basis, office waste paper fibers (OWF) were also used as a physical blended filler to enhance PLA/NCC composites to reduce the preparation cost of PLA composites and the perfect PLA/NCC/OWF sample was easily manufactured by melting–blending and injection molding. According to the crystallization and melting performance table, both NCC and OWF can act as nucleating agent to promote the crystallization properties on composites, while the blends did not have positive effect on thermal stability. Furthermore, the water absorption and degradation properties of PLA composites were also studied. This work not only provided a novel idea for the utilization of office waste paper but also successfully produced environment friendly composites with favorable mechanical properties and crystallization performance.
Application of the small‐angle scattering invariant to morphological behavior in ballistic materials
Authors: Beyer Frederick L. , Masser Kevin A. , Lenhart Joseph L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe small‐angle scattering invariant provides a useful tool for quantifying nanoscale morphological features in two‐phase materials, when scattering data of sufficient quality and angular range are available. In this work, an invariant analysis has been performed on small‐angle X‐ray scattering data for a series of epoxy‐amines previously found to have relatively high‐energy absorption (KE50) in ballistic impact tests. The improved performance was hypothesized to be a result of the formation of an ill‐defined two‐phase morphology, observed but not quantified using transmission electron microscopy. In this analysis, the ballistic performance and the scattering invariant were found to be strongly correlated, with a Pearson's linear correlation coefficient of 0.94. Facile analysis enabled by a custom software procedure suggests that this previously difficult analysis may be more broadly useful, even in high throughput applications.
Switch‐On Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Chemosensors for Cations Possessing Lewis Acid Character
Authors: Kumar G. Dinesh , Banasiewicz Marzena , Jacquemin Denis , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor the first time diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) have been synthesized directly from nitriles possessing (aza)crown ethers leading to macrocycle‐dye hybrids. Depending on the nature of the linkage between DPP and macrocyclic ring, various coordination effects are found. The strong interaction of the cations possessing Lewis acid character such as Li+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ with 2‐aminopyridin‐4‐yl‐DPPs, leading to a bathochromic shift of both emission and absorption, as well as to strong enhancement of fluorescence was rationalized in terms of strong binding of these cations to the N=C−NR2 functionality. The same effect has been observed for protonation. Depending on the size and the structure of the macrocyclic ring the complexation of cations by aza‐crown ethers plays an important but secondary role. The interaction of Na+ and K+ with 2‐aminopyridin‐4‐yl‐DPPs leads to moderate enhancement of fluorescence due to the aza‐crown ethers binding. The very weak fluorescence of DPP bearing 2‐dialkylamino‐pyridine‐4‐yl substituents is due to the closely lying T2 state and the resulting intersystem crossing.
Pre‐Lithiation Strategies for Lithium Ion Capacitors: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Arnaiz María , Ajuria Jon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLithium ion capacitor (LIC) is an emerging technology that holds promise to bridge the energy‐to‐power gap between already market stablished lithium ion battery and electrochemical double‐layer capacitor technologies. Academic research is mainly focused on increasing energy, power and cycle life metrics, but next, pre‐lithiation strategy is the key that will open the final door, or not, towards industrialization and commercialization of the technology. Its relevance has only recently been thoroughly considered, but several strategies, all with their own particular set of assets, are already available within the state‐of‐the‐art. It is the right moment to make a retrospective review analysis of the pros and cons of each of the strategies, in order to draw the correct conclusions and look into the future with the best perspective. Despite some reviews newly considered the topic, they were all done in a broader framework, what finally waters down the importance of this critical step. Thus, this review aims to solely focus on the pre‐lithiation strategies that have been reported so far for LICs, from the first academic auxiliary lithium metal approach to the latest novel strategies. To conclude, challenges and requierements that the ideal pre‐lithiation strategy should fulfil in order to foster market uptake of LIC technology are also discussed.
Cancer and the breakdown of multicellularity: What Dictyostelium discoideum, a social amoeba, can teach us
Authors: Mathavarajah Sabateeshan , VanIderstine Carter , Dellaire Graham , Huber Robert J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAncient pathways promoting unicellularity and multicellularity are associated with cancer, the former being pro‐oncogenic and the latter acting to suppress oncogenesis. However, there are only a limited number of non‐vertebrate models for studying these pathways. Here, we review Dictyostelium discoideum and describe how it can be used to understand these gene networks. D. discoideum has a unicellular and multicellular life cycle, making it possible to study orthologs of cancer‐associated genes in both phases. During development, differentiated amoebae form a fruiting body composed of a mass of spores that are supported atop a stalk. A portion of the cells sacrifice themselves to become non‐reproductive stalk cells. Cheating disrupts the principles of multicellularity, as cheater cells alter their cell fate to preferentially become spores. Importantly, D. discoideum has gene networks and several strategies for maintaining multicellularity. Therefore, D. discoideum can help us better understand how conserved genes and pathways involved in multicellularity also influence cancer development, potentially identifying new therapeutic avenues.
Tract‐specific analysis and neurocognitive functioning in sickle cell patients without history of overt stroke
Authors: Chai Yaqiong , Ji Chaoran , Coloigner Julie , Choi Soyoung , Balderrama Melissa , Vu Chau , Tamrazi Benita , Coates Thomas , Wood John C. , O'Neil Sharon H. , Lepore Natasha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionSickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder in which the oxygen‐carrying hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells is abnormal. SCD patients are at increased risks for strokes and neurocognitive deficit, even though neurovascular screening and treatments have lowered the rate of overt strokes. Tract‐specific analysis (TSA) is a statistical method to evaluate microstructural WM damage in neurodegenerative disorders, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).MethodsWe utilized TSA and compared 11 major brain WM tracts between SCD patients with no history of overt stroke, anemic controls, and healthy controls. We additionally examined the relationship between the most commonly used DTI metric of WM tracts and neurocognitive performance in the SCD patients and healthy controls.ResultsDisruption of WM microstructure orientation‐dependent metrics for the SCD patients was found in the genu of the corpus callosum (CC), cortico‐spinal tract, inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and left uncinate fasciculus. Neurocognitive performance indicated slower processing speed and lower response inhibition skills in SCD patients compared to controls. TSA abnormalities in the CC were significantly associated with measures of processing speed, working memory, and executive functions.ConclusionDecreased DTI‐derived metrics were observed on six tracts in chronically anemic patients, regardless of anemia subtype, while two tracks with decreased measures were unique to SCD patients. Patients with WMHs had more significant FA abnormalities. Decreased FA values in the CC significantly correlated with all nine neurocognitive tests, suggesting a critical importance for CC in core neurocognitive processes.
Ability of a novel shock index that incorporates invasive hemodynamics to predict mortality in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: McKenzie Alexander , Zhou Cynthia , Svendsen Christopher , Anketell Rebecca , Behroozi Arash , Jessa Dafe , Piehl Charles , Rayson Robert , Yeung Michael , Stouffer George A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the use of invasively measured hemodynamics improves the prognostic ability of a shock index (SI).BackgroundSI such as Admission‐SI, Age‐SI, Modified SI (MSI), and Age‐MSI predict short‐term mortality in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).MethodsSingle‐center study of 510 patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. STEMI SI was defined as age × heart rate (HR) divided by coronary perfusion pressure (CPP).ResultsThe mean age was 62 ± 14 years, 66% were males with hypertension (69%), tobacco use (38%), diabetes (28%) and chronic kidney disease (6%). The mean HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and CPP were 81 ± 18 bpm, 124 ± 28 mmHg, and 52.8 ± 16.3 mmHg, respectively. Patients with STEMI SI ≥182 (n = 51) were more likely to experience a cardiac arrest in the catheterization laboratory (9.8% vs. 2.0%; p = .001), require mechanical circulatory support (47.1% vs. 8.5%; p < .0001) and be treated with vasopressors (56.9% vs. 10.7%; p < .0001) compared to STEMI SI < 182 (n = 459). After multivariate adjustment, patients with STEMI SI ≥182 were 10, 10.1 and 4.8 times more likely to die during hospitalization, at 30 days and at 5 years, respectively. The C statistic of STEMI SI was 0.870, similar to GRACE score (AUC = 0.902; p = .29) and TIMI STEMI score (AUC = 0.895; p = .36).ConclusionSTEMI SI is an easy to calculate risk score that identifies STEMI patients at high risk of in‐hospital death.
Simulating the dynamic influence of temperature variation on allowable storage time of shelled corn
Authors: Adams Bailey J. , Rosentrater Kurt A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFollowing mechanical harvest, shelled corn is susceptible to decreased quality in storage environments. The rate at which shelled corn deteriorates is dependent upon numerous factors, but temperature and moisture content are predominant. The standard methodology for quantifying grain deterioration is to express it as a percent dry matter loss, where 0.5% dry matter loss corresponds directly with a number of safe storage days, known as allowable storage time (AST). However, current shelled corn allowable storage time values, based on ASABE standard D535, are only applicable for a specific temperature and a specific moisture content. Therefore, this study simulated and reviewed how natural temperature variation dynamically affects the response in shelled corn allowable storage time.FindingsTwo separate simulations were configured, and the results showed that, depending on the given moisture content, temperature trends, and when shelled corn is initially placed in storage, AST can be extended at certain points throughout the year. Additionally, it was revealed that there is a considerable difference between dynamic AST values and static (traditional) AST values contained within the current shelled corn storage time chart.ConclusionsThe number of safe allowable storage days is substantially impacted by grain moisture and deviations in daily temperature.Significance and NoveltyThe study makes an important contribution toward understanding the dynamic storage behavior of corn due to changes in temperature and moisture levels. This research builds on current knowledge, but it presents a more refined estimation of theoretical shelled corn allowable storage time.
Prenatal presentation of glutaric aciduria type II: A case report with radiologic, clinical, biochemical, molecular, and pathological phenotyping
Authors: Carmant Laurence , Karalis Aspasia , Rypens Françoise , Oligny Luc , Wavrant Sandrine , Lapeyraque Anne‐Laure , Codsi Elisabeth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe know that glutaric aciduria type II is an inborn metabolism. This case report highlights that polycystic kidneys with hepatomegaly in prenatal ultrasound are suggestive of glutaric aciduria type II and it identifies a new variant as pathogenic.
Surgical Correction of cicatricial Entropion in cattle: Two cases
Authors: Betbeze Caroline M. , Villers Meghan R. , Telle Mary R. , Grissett Gretchen P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUtilization of the Hotz‐Celsus technique with standing sedation and local nerve blocks in cattle provides adequate correction of cicatricial entropion.
Detection of Gasoline Adulteration Using Modified Distillation Curves and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Foroughi Babak , Shahrouzi Javad Rahbar , Nemati Ramin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo detect adulteration in gasoline, an automatic distillation apparatus was set up to measure the recovered volume and temperature simultaneously. The level metering was performed by online image processing instead of the conventional visual operator‐based measurement. To investigate the effect of additives in super gasoline, regular gasoline and diesel were added and the distillation curves were analyzed. The principal component analysis model was employed to reduce the obtained data. Finally, an artificial neural network was applied to predict the volume percentage of adulterants in super gasoline. Statistical analysis showed that the proposed model has a mean relative error and correlation coefficient of 4.6 % and 0.995, respectively.