bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen sulfide induces miR194 in diabetic nephropathy and mitigates renal fibrosis (689.10)
Authors: Kundu Sourav , Narayanan Nithya , Pushpakumar Sathnur , Sen Utpal 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Recent evidences suggest that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has a therapeutic potential for several clinical complications including renovascular fibrosis. Similarly, micro RNAs (miRs) has also gained substantial biomedical research interest with relevance to renal fibrosis. In this regard miRs control reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high level of ROS persuades poly‐ADP‐ribose‐polymerase‐1 (PARP1) which induces extracellular matrix (ECM) associated with vascular fibrosis. Among miRs, miR194 is prevalent in the mammalian kidney; however, its role in diabetic nephropathy and whether H2S has any potential implication on miRs regulation associated with diabetic renal fibrosis is unknown. Hypothesis: The objective of this study was to determine whether miR194 has potential roles in diabetic nephropathy which leads to PARP 1 activation by ROS induction causing renal fibrosis. Materials and methods: C57BL/6J (Wild type, WT) and diabetic (Akita, C57BL/6J‐Ins2Akita) mice were used in this study. Animals were treated without or with 0.05 g/L of NaHS in drinking water for 4 weeks. In vitro studies were performed using mouse glomerular endothelial cells (MGECs). Results: Expression of miR‐194 was significantly decreased in Akita animals compared to control as revealed by real time PCR. Increased expression of miR194 has been observed following H2S treatment. In diabetic animals increased ROS and PARP1 levels were measured. Levels of matricellular proteins as well as genes, responsible for collagen re‐alignment, showed higher expression in diabetes and significantly reduced following H2S treatment. We conclude that decrease in miR194 in diabetes contributes to increased expression of ECM components in renal fibrosis and treatment with H2S ameliorates these effects.Grant Funding Source: HL‐104103
Circadian variations in renal hemodynamics in healthy volunteers ő preliminary findings (692.8)
Authors: Eckerbom Per , Cox Eleanor , Weis Jan , Bjerner Tomas , Hansell Peter , Subasic Irfan , Palm Fredrik , Francis Susan , Liss Per 
Published: June 2021

Renal blood flow is tightly controlled by at least two different intrinsic mechanisms, which should guarantee a stable blood flow. However, it is currently unknown if renal hemodynamics is influenced by circadian rhythm like many other tissues. Therefore, we measured total and cortical renal blood flow using completely non‐invasive magnetic resonance technique in six healthy male volunteers every fourth hour for a total of 24 hours (six measurements in total). Total renal blood flow was measured using standard phase contrast technique in renal arteries, whereas cortical renal blood flow was measured using the newly developed arterial spin‐labeling technique.Total renal blood flow averaged 13.3±1.4 and 13.0±1.0 ml/min for right and left kidney, respectively, with a circadian variation of 18±5 and 14±3%. Cortical renal blood flow in the right kidney averaged 323±17 ml/min/100g with a variation of 10±2% between the different measurements. None of these variations reached statistical significance.In conclusion, neither total nor cortical renal blood flows display circadian variations. Thus, circadian variations in renal hemodynamics seem less likely to affect the results from studies investigating renal blood flow and related parameters.
Reciprocal relationship between reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase‐2 after lead exposure on vascular smooth muscle cells (700.6)
Authors: Simões Maylla , Aguado Andrea , Zhenyukh Olha , Alonso Maria , Briones Ana , Fiorim Jonaína , Azevedo Bruna , Vassallo Dalton , Salaices Mercedes 
Published: June 2021

Studies reported that chronic lead (Pb) administration affects cardiovascular parameters. We evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to lead in vascular smooth muscle cells (VCMS) on oxidative stress and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) pathways. Aortas were isolated from male Sprague‐Dawley rats and processed to obtain primary cultures of VCMS. The cells were stimulated with Pb (200 ng/ml) for 48 h. Pb increased the gene expression of COX‐2 and subunits of NOX‐1 and NOX‐4 of NADPH Oxidase and the protein expression of Mn‐SOD and COX‐2. Celecoxib (10μmol/L) reversed the upregulation of NOX‐1 and NOX‐4 whereas tempol (10μmol/L) reversed the upregulation of COX‐2. NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide anion production was also enhanced by Pb and normalized by Celecoxib and Rofecoxib (10μmol/L), ML171 (10μmol/L) and/or Tempol, Mito‐TEMPO (5μmol/L). Pb also induces the activation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK signaling pathways that were involved in the augmented expression of COX‐2, NOX‐1 and NOX‐4. Pb exposure did not induce proliferation or migration of VCMS. Our results suggest a relationship between lead, COX‐2 and oxidative stress, probably involving mechanisms with MAPK signaling pathways. Since this may be involved in hypertension development, lead exposure should be considered an environmental risk factor for cardiovascular disease.Grant Funding Source: MINECO (SAF 2012‐36400) ISCIII (RD/0042/0024), FMM, CAPES, PRONEX‐FAPES/CNPq
Effect of oral administration of Moringa aloevera leaf extract on neutrophil phagocytic activity in petrol exposed Wister rats (701.8)
Authors: Azeez Oyebisi , Anigbogu Chikodi , Adedeji Adebayo , Saka Waidi , Akhigbe Roland 
Published: June 2021

Reduced immunity has been implicated in rats following inhalation of petrol. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade reduces inflammation in hypertension. The aim of this work is to assess the phagocytic effect of neutrophil in rats exposed to petrol and moringa alovera leave concurrently; petrol and candesartan and petrol and captopril.Methodology: 25 adult male rats were grouped to 4 with 4rats per group. All groups were exposed to petrol for 5 minutes everyday for 2 weeks except control group. Group 1 (control) Group 2, 3 and 4 had moringa aloevera plus feed, candesartan pre‐treatment, captopril pretreatment respectively while group 5 had petrol exposure only. At the end of the exposure, rats were anaesthesized with chloroform and blood collected into EDTA bottles from the heart. In vitro phagocytosis assay was conducted using 0.1ml of autologus chemotactically inactive serum. Phagocytosis ability (PHC) was considered as the percentage of phagocyting neutrophils by microscopic field at 405nm per charge.Results: There was significant increase in the phagocytotic activity of the moringa aloevera (+7.2%) group compared with control (2.15%). A reduction that was not significant was seen in the captopril group.Conclusion: Moringa alovera ameliorates the inflammation induced by exposure to inhalation of petrol by increasing phagocytotic activity of Neutrophils. The effect in the captopril [(Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor)] group was higher compared with the Candesartan an AT1 receptor blocker. The moringa aloevera effect seem to have been carried out through the ACE inhibitor.
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition ameliorates cardiorenal function in experimental heart failure (701.9)
Authors: Arruda‐Junior Daniel , Socas Leonardo , Dariolli Rafael , Antonio Ednei , Tucci Paulo , dos Santos Leonardo , Girardi Adriana 
Published: June 2021

We have recently reported that long‐term dypeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibition mitigates the development and/or progression of HF in rats subjected to myocardial injury. The present study aimed to investigate whether the DPPIV inhibitor vildagliptin is capable of improving cardiorenal function in rats with established heart failure. Experimental HF was induced in male Wistar rats via left ventricular (LV) myocardial injury using radiofrequency catheter ablation. Sham‐operated rats underwent left thoracotomy and were mock‐ablated. Echocardiographic analysis were performed six (Phase I) and ten (Phase II) weeks after surgery. After the Phase I analysis, HF rats were randomly divided into four groups and treated with vildagliptin (VIL) at daily doses of 20, 80 or 120 mg/kg of body weight or vehicle. Compared to Phase I, Phase II LV ejection fraction reduced in HF groups treated with water or VIL20, remained unaltered in HF rats treated with VIL80 and increased in rats treated with the higher dose of vildagliptin, VIL120. All vitagliptin‐treated rats exhibited lower lung water content and heart weight to body weight ratio as compared to HF rats treated with water. Treatment with VIL80 and VIL120 remarkably reduced BNP circulating levels as compared to vehicle treated HF rats (167±40 and 152±42 vs. 372±75 pg/mL, respectively). HF rats displayed sodium retention and lower glomerular filtration rate compared to Sham. Treatment with VIL120 was capable of restoring renal function in HF rats. Taken together, these results suggest that DPPIV inhibition improves cardiorenal function in rats with established HF. Thus, DPPIV inhibitors may be effective not only for the prevention but also for the treatment of HF in rats.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPESP.
Use of microarray for the evaluation of long‐haul shipping stress in beef calves (703.2)
Authors: Onaga Jonathan , Sy Tracy , Richards Tim , Tiirikainen Maarit , Turano Helen , Lee C. , Stokes Ashley 
Published: June 2021

Objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of long‐haul shipping on gene expression of leukocytes from weaned calves using a bovine‐specific microarray before and after transport. Two shipments of weaned, Angus and Charolaise, female calves (n=48) were transported to Washington or California. Each shipment, the calves were divided and placed into two separate, bi‐level, four‐compartment, custom cowtainers. Blood was collected prior to shipping (P), upon arrival to the receiving yard (A), and 6‐days post‐arrival (PA). Leukocytes were isolated, total RNA extracted, quantified, and analyzed for quality. An Affymetrix 26,773 WT bovine‐specific array was utilized using manufacturer’s protocols. Using a conservative fold‐change of 2 and a p‐value of less than or equal to 0.05 as significant, only 2 genes were significantly different across the study. FOS was decreased 3.05‐fold P to A, but then increased back 2.92‐fold A to PA. P to A, haptoglobin decreased 2.27‐fold with a p‐value of 0.047. Considering the sensitivity and specificity of the microarray, these changes are very minor physiologically and reflect minimal impact of shipping on these study animals. The findings of this study support our previous work that the currently utilized shipping protocol to transport calves from Hawaii to the Mainland US does not cause large changes in gene expression due to shipping stress.Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Cattlemen's Beef Association
Impact of stress on mast cell and vitamin D receptor expression in an animal model of endometriosis (703.4)
Authors: Seguinot Inevy , Rivera Yadmarie , Cruz Suheil , Cruz Myrella , Hernandez Siomara , Hernandez Anixa , Isidro Angel , Flores Idhaliz , Appleyard Caroline 
Published: June 2021

Endometriosis is characterized by peritoneal inflammation, infertility and chronic pelvic pain that substantially affect quality of life. Since stress can affect the immune system and recruitment of inflammatory cells it may contribute to this condition. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is associated with anti‐proliferative and anti‐inflammatory properties and is expressed in the cycling endometrium. AIM: Investigate the impact of stress on mast cells and VDR in an animal model of endometriosis. METHODS: Endometriosis was induced in female Sprague‐Dawley rats by suturing uterine horn tissue next to the intestinal mesentery. Sham rats had sutures only. Rats were exposed to either an uncontrollable or controllable stress protocol for 10 days (endo‐stress) or no stress (endo‐no stress). At sacrifice (day 60) all rats were examined for cysts. Colon and uterine tissue were analyzed for damage and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. Mast cell infiltration was measured by staining with toluidine blue or immunofluorescence, and VDR expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Endo‐stress rats developed more and bigger cysts than endo‐no stress rats. Uncontrollable stress resulted in higher colonic damage (p<0.05) and uterine MPO compared to no stress, while controllable stress showed no difference. Uncontrollable stress increased mast cell infiltration in colonic tissue compared to controllable stress (p<0.05), endo‐no stress (p<0.05) and sham‐no stress (p<0.01). There was increased mast cell infiltration in cysts. Endo‐no stress group had higher expression of VDR in uterus stroma nuclei and glands (p<0.05 vs controllable stress; p<0.05 vs sham, in glands only). CONCLUSION: Stress exacerbates development of cysts in an animal model of endometriosis through mechanisms involving mast cell recruitment, release of cell mediators and VDR down‐regulation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by R15AT006373 & R25GM082406
Spinal μ‐opioid receptor sensitive locomotor muscle afferents decrease responsiveness of motor cortical cells and diminish cortical voluntary activation (705.1)
Authors: Sidhu Simranjit , Weavil Joshua , Mangum Tyler , Morgan David , Jessop Jacob , Richardson Russell , Amann Markus 
Published: June 2021

We investigated the influence of group III/IV locomotor muscle afferents on the development of supraspinal fatigue and changes in motor cortical cell responsiveness by comparison of cortical versus spinal excitability during sustained cycling exercise. Six males performed constant‐load cycling exercise (80% peak power‐output) to exhaustion under control conditions (CTRL) and with lumbar intrathecal fentanyl (FENT) impairing feedback from µ‐opioid receptor‐sensitive lower limb muscle afferents. Pre‐to‐post exercise changes in voluntary activation (VA) and potentiated quadriceps twitch force (∆Qtw) were assessed via transcranial magnetic (TMS) and electrical femoral nerve stimulation (FNS). During cycling, vastus lateralis responses evoked by TMS (MEP) and electrical cervicomedullary stimulation (CMEP) were normalized to FNS‐evoked M‐waves. Although maximum voluntary quadriceps torque was similarly reduced following both trials (~14%; P<0.05), ∆Qtw was greater in FENT vs. CTRL (51 ± 5% vs. 62 ± 7%; P<0.05). Furthermore, VA was reduced by 6% in CTRL (P<0.05) but remained unchanged in FENT. MEP increased throughout the exercise in FENT (14 ± 5%; P<0.05) but remained unchanged in CTRL. CMEP did not change in either session. Our findings suggest that group III/IV muscle afferents compromise motor cortical cell responsiveness during locomotor exercise and facilitate supraspinal fatigue.Grant Funding Source: HL_103786; HL‐116579
Characterizing rapid onset vasodilation to single muscle contractions in the leg in humans (705.10)
Authors: Credeur Daniel , Holwerda Seth , King Phillip , Crutcher Kiera , Padilla Jaume , Fadel Paul 
Published: June 2021

Rapid onset vasodilation (ROV) following single muscle contractions has been examined in the forearm of humans, but has not been characterized in the leg. Given known vascular differences between arms and legs as well as the greater susceptibility of legs to atherosclerosis, we sought to characterize ROV in the leg. To do this, 9 healthy men performed random ordered single muscle contractions at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in the leg (knee extension) and forearm (handgrip). Continuous blood flow (BF) measures were made via duplex Doppler‐ultrasound from the brachial and femoral artery during 15 sec prior to and 45 sec after release of each contraction. Three trials were performed at each intensity. Limb BF was normalized to lean mass of forearm and thigh region through DEXA. Single muscle contractions produced an intensity dependent increase in BF, peaking ~4 sec post contraction in both limbs. Initial BF responses (1st heart beat) were significantly greater in the leg, most notable at lower MVC intensities (e.g. 10%‐MVC initial response; Arm=+19±5% vs. Leg=+75±15%, P=0.01). However, peak changes in BF were similar between limbs for each contraction intensity (e.g. 60%‐MVC peak; Arm=+207±33% vs. Leg=+208±33%, P>0.05). These preliminary findings indicate that peak BF responses to single muscle contractions are similar between limbs establishing the presence of ROV in the leg.Grant Funding Source: NIH grant RO1 HL093167 (PJF)
Effects of progressive resistance and balance training 1‐3 years after stroke: a randomized controlled trial (706.14)
Authors: Vahlberg Birgit , Cederholm Tommy , Lindmark B , Zetterberg Lena , Hellström Karin 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To compare the effect of a progressive functional resistance and balance training program with standard care on functional performance in individuals post stroke.Methods: Thirty‐four community‐living individuals were randomized to progressive resistance and balance (PRB) training and 33 to standard care (C), for 3 months. About 75% were males and the age ranged from 65 to 85 years. Inclusion criteria: ability to walk 10 m, physical inactivity, and any of low fall‐related self‐efficacy, balance difficulties or repeated falls the last year. Primary outcomes: mobility (Short physical Performance Battery, SPPB) and balance (Bergs Balance Scale, BBS). Secondary outcomes: level of physical activity (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, PASE), walking capacity (6 Minutes Walking Test, 6MWT) and comfortable walking speed (m/s).Results: Intention‐to‐treat analysis revealed significant differences in walking capacity (P=0.02, Effect Size; 0.68) and 10 meter self‐selected walking speed (P=0.014, ES; 0.68) in favor of the PRB group. Per protocol analyses also showed favorable effects for the PRB group in balance (P=0.02, ES; 0.68). No significant differences for the other secondary outcomes were observed. Within‐group analysis showed significant improvement in balance (BBS; P=0.002), mobility (SPPB; P=0.034), walking capacity (6MWT, P=0.005) and 10 meter self‐selected walking speed (10 mWT, P=0.036) in the PRB group only.Conclusion Progressive resistance and balance training for three months performed in circuit class in individuals 1‐3 years after stroke are effective in improving walking capacity and walking speed.Grant Funding Source: Uppsala University, Sweden
Casein hydrolysate supplementation enhances training effects on mitochondrial enzyme activities in slow muscle fibers but not in fast fibers in mice (706.18)
Authors: Matsunaga Yutaka , Tamura Yuki , Masuda Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yumiko , Hoshino Daisuke , Saito Noriko , Nakamura Hirohiko , Takeda Yasuhiro , Hatta Hideo 
Published: June 2021

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine whether ingestion of casein hydrolysate enhances training effects on mitochondrial biogenesis.Methods: Mice were randomly divided into three treatment groups: the control group (CON), the endurance training group (Tr), and the endurance training with casein hydrolysate group (CH+Tr). Mice were ingested either water or casein hydrolysate (0.2 mg/g BW, 7 times/week) and subjected to endurance training (20‐25 m/min×60 min, 5 times/week, for 6 weeks) 30 min after the supplementation. Muscular mitochondrial enzyme activities, citrate synthase (CS) and β‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (β‐HAD) were measured.Results: In plantaris muscle, CS activities in Tr and CH+Tr groups were significantly higher than that in CON group (p<0.01) without significant differences between Tr group and CH+Tr group. On the other hand, CS activity in CH+Tr group was significantly higher than those in CON and Tr groups in soleus muscle (p<0.05). Similarly, in cardiac muscle, CS activity in CH+Tr group was significantly higher than that in Tr group (p<0.01) and tended to be higher comparing to CON group (p=0.051). β‐HAD activity was also increased in CH+Tr group in soleus and cardiac muscles.Conclusion: Casein hydrolysate supplementation enhances training effects on mitochondrial enzyme activities in slow muscle fibers but not in fast fibers.Grant Funding Source: Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
Cardiovagal activity following acute sprint interval exercise (706.6)
Authors: Olver T. , Abbott Kolten , Beaulieu Kristine , Lemon Peter , Shoemaker J. 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of sprint interval exercise (SIE) on the time course of cardio‐autonomic recovery and vagal activity over a 24 h period. Eight healthy males (age=24.1±2.3 y) performed a single bout of SIE that included 4 x 30 s all out sprints interspersed by 4 min of recovery, performed on a manual treadmill. Following an overnight fast, measurements were taken at baseline (day 1; 8:00 a.m.), pre‐exercise (PRE‐X), immediately (PT‐X1), 90 (PT‐X2), 180 (PT‐X3) and 300 (PT‐X4) min post‐exercise as well as the following morning (day 2). Compared to PRE‐X, all spectral, time domain and Poincaré plot indices of heart rate variability (HRV) were reduced during PT‐X1‐3 (P蠄0.01). Baroreflex sensitivity was also depressed from PT‐X1‐4 (P<0.01). Relative to PRE‐X, plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP; plasma indicator of vagal stimulation) was elevated at PT‐X1 (P=0.03). There were no differences in resting HRV, baroreflex sensitivity and plasma PP values between day 1 and 2 (P蠅0.12). These results indicate that despite an acute rise in plasma PP, there is a profound minimization of cardio‐vagal control following SIE. Cardio‐autonomic modulation recovers progressively and all indices of vagal activity are normalized by the following morning.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NSERC
Changes to erythrocyte markers during lower body negative pressure and graded blood loss in humans (707.3)
Authors: Effertz Cary , Johnson Blair , Convertino Victor , Joyner Michael , Curry Timothy 
Published: June 2021

We tested the hypothesis that erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct) would be similar during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and graded blood loss (BL) in humans.Arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure and heart rate were measured in 12 healthy males (88 ± 3 kg) during LBNP and BL. The LBNP protocol consisted of 5 min stages at 0,‐15, ‐30, and ‐45 mmHg. The BL protocol consisted of removal of three 333 mL aliquots of blood (1 L total) which was stored for reinfusion. RBC, Hgb, and Hct were obtained via arterial catheter at baseline and at the end of the final stage for both LBNP and BL.There were no differences (P > 0.05) in baseline values between treatment groups for RBC, Hgb, or Hct. RBC (4.81 ± 0.10 to 4.97 ± 0.10 1012/L), Hgb (14.18 ± 0.39 to 14.68 ± 0.36 g/dL), and Hct (40.88 ± 0.82 to 42.36 ± 0.83 %) increased from baseline to final stage (p<0.001 for all) during LBNP, while all values decreased from baseline to final stage (p<0.015 for all) during BL (4.82 ± 0.11 to 4.72 ± 0.11 1012/L; 14.33 ± 0.37 to 13.95 ± 0.39 g/dL; 41.09 ± 0.82 to 40.25 ± 0.86 %; respectively). The final stage values were greater in LBNP than BL for RBC, Hgb, and Hct (p< 0.001 for all).LBNP results in relative hemoconcentration while BL results in relative hemodilution. The clinical significance of these findings remains to be elucidated.Grant Funding Source: Supported by U.S. Army MRMC Combat Casualty Care Research Program Grant # W81XWH‐11‐1‐0823.