bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Service Announcements and Promoting Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Greene Steven , Hetherington Marc , Maxwell Rahsaan , Ryan Timothy J. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTWearing face masks to combat the spread of COVID-19 became a politicized and contested practice in the United States, largely due to misinformation and partisan cues from masking opponents. This article examines whether Public Service Announcements (PSAs) can encourage the use of face masks. We designed two PSAs: one describes the benefits of using face masks; the other uses a novel messenger (i.e., a retired US general) to advocate for them. We conducted two studies. First, we aired our PSAs on television and surveyed residents of the media market to determine if they saw the PSA and how they felt about wearing face masks. Second, we conducted a randomized experiment on a diverse national sample. Both studies suggest that exposure to our PSAs increased support for face masks and induced greater compliance with public health advice. These findings have implications for how governments might fight pandemics.
Translation and validation of the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17) in French-speaking Canadian children and adolescents
Authors: Frappier Isabelle , Jacob Raphaëlle , Panahi Shirin , Larose David , Bryant Eleanor J , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Thivel David , Drapeau Vicky 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:To translate and validate the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17), assessing cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and emotional eating (EE), among French-speaking Canadian young individuals.Design:Phase 1 comprised a translation and the evaluation of the comprehension of the questionnaire. Phase 2 comprised a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the evaluation of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC)) and construct validity, including correlations among the CTFEQr17 and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), anthropometrics, dietary intake and diet quality.Setting:Primary and secondary schools, Québec City, Canada.Participants:Phases 1 and 2 included 20 (40 % boys, mean age 11·5 (sd 2·4) years) and 145 (48 % boys, mean age 11·0 (sd 1·9) years) participants, respectively.Results:Phase 1 resulted in the questionnaire to be used in Phase 2. In Phase 2, the CFA revealed that the seventeen item, three-factor model (CTFEQr17) provided an excellent fit. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s α: 0·81–0·90). Test–retest reliability was moderate to good (ICC = 0·59, (95 % CI 0·48, 0·70), ICC = 0·78, (95 % CI 0·70, 0·84), ICC = 0·50, (95 % CI 0·38, 0·62) for CR, UE and EE, respectively). CR correlated with EAT-26 score (r = 0·43, P < 0·0001). UE and EE correlated negatively with BMI Z-scores (r = −0;·26, P = 0·003; r = −0;·19, P = 0·03, respectively). CR correlated with the proportion of energy intake from protein and diet quality (r = 0·18, P = 0·04; r = 0·20, P = 0·02, respectively).Conclusion:The CTFEQr17 is suitable to use among French-speaking Canadian young individuals.
Effects of maternal controlled exercise on offspring adiposity and glucose tolerance
Authors: Platt Kristen M. , Przybylowski Jenna , Charnigo Richard J. , Ngo Tenlep Sara Y. , Reynolds Leryn J. , Pearson Kevin J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes are costly and deadly to the current population, they are also extremely detrimental to the next generation. Much of the current literature focuses on the negative impact of poor maternal choices on offspring disease, while there is little work examining maternal behaviors that may improve offspring health. Research has shown that voluntary maternal exercise in mouse models improves metabolic function in offspring. In this study, we hypothesized that controlled maternal exercise in a mouse model will effect positive change on offspring obesity and glucose homeostasis. Female mice were separated into three groups: home cage, sedentary, and exercise. The sedentary home cage group was not removed from the home cage, while the sedentary wheel group was removed from the cage and placed in an immobile wheel apparatus. The exercise group was removed from the home cage and run on the same wheel apparatus but with the motor activated at 5–10 m/min for 1 h/d prior to and during pregnancy. Offspring were subjected to oral glucose tolerance testing and body composition analysis. There was no significant difference in offspring glucose tolerance or body composition as a consequence of the maternal exercise intervention compared to the sedentary wheel group. There were no marked negative consequences of the maternal controlled exercise intervention. Further research should clarify the potential advantages of the controlled exercise model and improve experimental techniques to facilitate translation of this research to human applications.
A Quantitative Scaling Theory for Meridional Heat Transport in Planetary Atmospheres and Oceans
Authors: Gallet Basile , Ferrari Raffaele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe meridional temperature profile of the upper layers of planetary atmospheres is set through a balance between differential radiative heating by a nearby star, or by intrinsic heat fluxes emanating from the deep interior, and the redistribution of that heat across latitudes by turbulent flows. These flows spontaneously arise through baroclinic instability of the meridional temperature gradients maintained by the forcing. When planetary curvature is neglected, this turbulence takes the form of coherent vortices that mix the meridional temperature profiles. However, the curvature of the planet favors the emergence of Rossby waves and zonal jets that restrict the meridional wandering of the fluid columns, thereby reducing the mixing efficiency across latitudes. A similar situation arises in the ocean, where the baroclinic instability of zonal currents leads to enhanced meridional heat transport by a turbulent flow consisting of vortices and zonal jets. A recent scaling theory for the turbulent heat transport by vortices is extended to include the impact of planetary curvature, in the framework of the two‐layer quasi‐geostrophic beta‐plane model. This leads to a quantitative parameterization providing the meridional temperature profile in terms of the externally imposed heat flux in an idealized model of planetary atmospheres and oceans. In addition, it provides a quantitative prediction for the emergent criticality, that is, the degree of instability in a canonical model of planetary atmosphere or ocean.
Stress Field Estimation From S‐Wave Anisotropy Observed in Multi‐Azimuth Seismic Survey With Cabled Seafloor Seismometers Above the Nankai Trough Megathrust Zone, Japan
Authors: Kimura T. , Mikada H. , Araki E. , Kodaira S. , Miura S. , Takahashi N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe spatial variation of azimuthal S‐wave phase velocity anisotropies caused by differential horizontal stress along the Nankai Trough was analyzed to understand the stress state of the overhung block of the forearc region, off Kii Peninsula, Japan. We conducted controlled‐source seismic surveys along the circumference of a 3 km radius circle centered at each seismometer of a cabled seafloor observatory installed in the Nankai subduction zone. We applied an anisotropy semblance method to estimate the orientation of fast and slow S‐wave velocities of shallow sediments and deep accretionary prism using the multi‐azimuth seismic dataset acquired at each seismometer location. The estimated orientations of fast S‐wave velocity are parallel to the convergent direction of the subducting place beneath the Kumano basin in the deeper accretionary prism while perpendicular to the convergent direction in the shallow sediments inside the Kumano basin. These fast S‐wave polarization orientations in shallow sediments show good agreement with horizontal maximum stress orientations estimated in situ borehole measurements in the observation area. We estimated the differential horizontal stress field in the Nankai Trough region from obtained S‐wave anisotropy using a simple crack model. Using this method, we first suggest the convergent‐parallel horizontal maximum compression in the deeper part of the accretionary prism above the locked portion. Assuming obtained S‐wave anisotropy is attributed to the tectonic loading by the subducting plate, these results suggest that the S‐wave azimuthal anisotropy measurements can be used to monitor the subsurface stress field as a function of time.
Impoundment‐Associated Hydro‐Mechanical Changes and Regional Seismicity Near the Xiluodu Reservoir, Southwestern China
Authors: Zhang Man , Ge Shemin , Yang Qiang , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFour large hydropower stations have recently been built downstream the Jinsha River in Southwestern China with a strong regional tectonic activity background. There is widely felt seismicity since the impoundment of the Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba reservoirs, increasing the public concern in this region. We begin with a criticality analysis of the faults near these reservoirs to quantify their susceptibility to triggered seismicity. Then we focus on the Xiluodu reservoir to investigate the correlation between the impoundment and seismicity nearby. We analyze the spatio‐temporal distribution of seismicity near the Xiluodu reservoir, and identify the plausible rapid and delayed seismic response due to the impoundment. According to the impoundment record, we explicitly model the hydro‐mechanical changes due to diffusion and reservoir water load, that is, pore pressure, elastic stress, and the resulting Coulomb stress. Our results show that the pore pressure changes can reach a level that may trigger fault reactivation and consequently, seismicity nearby. The water load can also induce the positive Coulomb stress changes on faults, depending on the fault orientation, which is especially important for understanding the earthquakes that occurred shortly after the impoundment and at more than 10 km distance from the reservoir. The combination of these two effects can induce positive Coulomb stress change over a larger area, which overlaps the majority of the events after the impoundment, including two M5+ events. While the causal relationship between the impoundment and seismicity warrants further analysis, we hope to inform the regional seismic impact of impoundment with this timely study.
Seasonality of DOC Export From a Russian Subarctic Catchment Underlain by Discontinuous Permafrost, Highlighted by High‐Frequency Monitoring
Authors: Gandois L. , Tananaev N. I. , Prokushkin A. , Solnyshkin I. , Teisserenc R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntense climate change and permafrost degradation impact northern watersheds and ultimately organic carbon transfer from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. We investigated the contemporary dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics in a northern catchment underlain by discontinuous permafrost (Graviyka River, northern Siberia), where historical meteorological and hydrological data are available since 1936. Mean annual air temperature (MAAT), in contrast to precipitation and discharge was found to show a significant increasing trend since 1950. Using in situ sensing of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), we estimated DOC concentrations at a high temporal frequency (1h) during 3 years (2015–2018), and calculated annual specific fluxes of 5.2–5.5 g C m2 yr−1. High DOC concentrations (above 10 mg L−1) are sustained all year, exhibiting nearly chemostatic behavior. Nevertheless, the high‐frequency survey of DOC and other water parameters revealed the seasonality of DOC origin and pathways in the watershed. The spring freshet dominates the annual export (up to 80%), but summer and autumn floods can also contribute up to 9% and 8% respectively. The high‐frequency sampling was able to capture the specific dynamic of DOC concentration during spring flood (DOC peak preceding discharge, dilution during the spring freshet) and summer and autumn floods (contribution of DOC‐rich, low conductivity water). These observations suggest a significant contribution of organic‐rich water originating in peatlands, potentially from degrading palsas. The study demonstrates both that high‐frequency sampling is essential to capture key events for DOC export, and that more long‐term monitoring is urgently needed in these rapidly evolving watersheds.
Cascading Effects of Extreme Geohazards on Tenerife (Canary Islands)
Authors: López‐Saavedra Marta , Martí Joan , Rubio Jose Luis , Kelfoun Karim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExtreme geohazards (volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis) have the potential to inflict cascading effects whose associated risks are difficult to predict and prepare for. Thus, these events are generally not taken into account in hazard assessment. Anticipating the occurrence of such extreme events is thus key if our life‐styles are to remain safe and sustainable. Volcanic islands are often the source of complex successions of disastrous events, as is evident from any examination, for instance, of the geological record of regions such as Hawaii, the Canary Islands, Reunion and Indonesia. The island of Tenerife in the Canary Archipelago is an excellent example of where cascading extreme hazards have occurred several times in the past and could occur again in the future. A cascading sequence involving a caldera‐forming eruption, high‐magnitude seismicity, mega‐landslides and tsunamis occurred at least twice during the construction of this island. In order to understand the possible consequences of such processes if they were to reoccur, we simulated the extent and potential impact of a multiple, extreme geohazard episode similar to the last recorded one that took place on the island of Tenerife around 180 ka. The implications of such a disastrous succession of events are analyzed at local, regional and global scales, and the results obtained are discussed within the framework of disaster risk‐reduction policies.
A combination of PARP and CHK1 inhibitors efficiently antagonizes MYCN-driven tumors
Authors: Di Giulio Stefano , Colicchia Valeria , Pastorino Fabio , Pedretti Flaminia , Fabretti Francesca , Nicolis di Robilant Vittoria , Ramponi Valentina , Scafetta Giorgia , Moretti Marta , Licursi Valerio , Belardinilli Francesca , Peruzzi Giovanna , Infante Paola , Goffredo Bianca Maria , Coppa Anna , Canettieri Gianluca , Bartolazzi Armando , Ponzoni Mirco , Giannini Giuseppe , Petroni Marialaura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMYCN drives aggressive behavior and refractoriness to chemotherapy, in several tumors. Since MYCN inactivation in clinical settings is not achievable, alternative vulnerabilities of MYCN-driven tumors need to be explored to identify more effective and less toxic therapies. We previously demonstrated that PARP inhibitors enhance MYCN-induced replication stress and promote mitotic catastrophe, counteracted by CHK1. Here, we showed that PARP and CHK1 inhibitors synergized to induce death in neuroblastoma cells and in primary cultures of SHH-dependent medulloblastoma, their combination being more effective in MYCN amplified and MYCN overexpressing cells compared to MYCN non-amplified cells. Although the MYCN amplified IMR-32 cell line carrying the p.Val2716Ala ATM mutation showed the highest sensitivity to the drug combination, this was not related to ATM status, as indicated by CRISPR/Cas9-based correction of the mutation. Suboptimal doses of the CHK1 inhibitor MK-8776 plus the PARP inhibitor olaparib led to a MYCN-dependent accumulation of DNA damage and cell death in vitro and significantly reduced the growth of four in vivo models of MYCN-driven tumors, without major toxicities. Our data highlight the combination of PARP and CHK1 inhibitors as a new potential chemo-free strategy to treat MYCN-driven tumors, which might be promptly translated into clinical trials.
Tripartite motif-containing 3 (TRIM3) enhances ER signaling and confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Ye Runyi , AiErken NiJiati , Kuang Xiaying , Zeng Huijuan , Shao Nan , Lin Ying , Liu Pian , Wang Shenming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTamoxifen resistance remains a clinical problem in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. SUMOylation of ERα enhances ERα-induced transcription activity. Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins are a new class of SUMO E3 ligases, which regulate the SUMOylation of proteins. However, the precise molecular mechanism and function of TRIM3 in SUMOylation and the response to tamoxifen remain unclear. In the present study, we observed that TRIM3 was dramatically overexpressed in breast cancer, which correlated with tamoxifen resistance. Furthermore, TRIM3 overexpression significantly correlated with poor survival of patients with ER+ breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. TRIM3 overexpression conferred cell survival and tumorigenesis, whereas knocking down of TRIM3 reduced these capabilities. Moreover, TRIM3, as a ubiquitin carrier protein 9 (UBC9) binding protein, promoted SUMO modification of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and activated the ER pathway. Silencing UBC9 abolished the function of TRIM3 in regulating tamoxifen resistance. These results suggest TRIM3 as a novel biomarker for breast cancer therapy, indicating that inhibiting TRIM3 combined with tamoxifen might provide a potential treatment for breast cancer.
Cellular senescence in musculoskeletal homeostasis, diseases, and regeneration
Authors: Wan Mei , Gray-Gaillard Elise F. , Elisseeff Jennifer H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEmerging insights into cellular senescence highlight the relevance of senescence in musculoskeletal disorders, which represent the leading global cause of disability. Cellular senescence was initially described by Hayflick et al. in 1961 as an irreversible nondividing state in in vitro cell culture studies. We now know that cellular senescence can occur in vivo in response to various stressors as a heterogeneous and tissue-specific cell state with a secretome phenotype acquired after the initial growth arrest. In the past two decades, compelling evidence from preclinical models and human data show an accumulation of senescent cells in many components of the musculoskeletal system. Cellular senescence is therefore a defining feature of age-related musculoskeletal disorders, and targeted elimination of these cells has emerged recently as a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate tissue damage and promote repair and regeneration of the skeleton and skeletal muscles. In this review, we summarize evidence of the role of senescent cells in the maintenance of bone homeostasis during childhood and their contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and sarcopenia. We highlight the diversity of the senescent cells in the microenvironment of bone, joint, and skeletal muscle tissue, as well as the mechanisms by which these senescent cells are involved in musculoskeletal diseases. In addition, we discuss how identifying and targeting senescent cells might positively affect pathologic progression and musculoskeletal system regeneration.
A saccharide-based binder for efficient polysulfide regulations in Li-S batteries
Authors: Huang Yingyi , Shaibani Mahdokht , Gamot Tanesh D. , Wang Mingchao , Jovanović Petar , Dilusha Cooray M. C. , Mirshekarloo Meysam Sharifzadeh , Mulder Roger J. , Medhekar Nikhil V. , Hill Matthew R. , Majumder Mainak 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe viability of lithium-sulfur batteries as an energy storage technology depends on unlocking long-term cycle stability. Most instability stems from the release and transport of polysulfides from the cathode, which causes mossy growth on the lithium anode, leading to continuous consumption of electrolyte. Therefore, development of a durable cathode with minimal polysulfide escape is critical. Here, we present a saccharide-based binder system that has a capacity for the regulation of polysulfides due to its reducing properties. Furthermore, the binder promotes the formation of viscoelastic filaments during casting which endows the sulfur cathode with a desirable web-like microstructure. Taken together this leads to 97% sulfur utilisation with a cycle life of 1000 cycles (9 months) and capacity retention (around 700 mAh g−1after 1000 cycles). A pouch cell prototype with a specific energy of up to 206 Wh kg−1is produced, demonstrating the promising potential for practical applications.
The RAD51 recombinase protects mitotic chromatin in human cells
Authors: Wassing Isabel E. , Graham Emily , Saayman Xanita , Rampazzo Lucia , Ralf Christine , Bassett Andrew , Esashi Fumiko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe RAD51 recombinase plays critical roles in safeguarding genome integrity, which is fundamentally important for all living cells. While interphase functions of RAD51 in maintaining genome stability are well-characterised, its role in mitosis remains contentious. In this study, we show that RAD51 protects under-replicated DNA in mitotic human cells and, in this way, promotes mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS) and successful chromosome segregation. In cells experiencing mild replication stress, MiDAS was detected irrespective of mitotically generated DNA damage. MiDAS broadly required de novo RAD51 recruitment to single-stranded DNA, which was supported by the phosphorylation of RAD51 by the key mitotic regulator Polo-like kinase 1. Importantly, acute inhibition of MiDAS delayed anaphase onset and induced centromere fragility, suggesting a mechanism that prevents the satisfaction of the spindle assembly checkpoint while chromosomal replication remains incomplete. This study hence identifies an unexpected function of RAD51 in promoting genomic stability in mitosis.
Mammary-specific expression of Trim24 establishes a mouse model of human metaplastic breast cancer
Authors: Shah Vrutant V. , Duncan Aundrietta D. , Jiang Shiming , Stratton Sabrina A. , Allton Kendra L. , Yam Clinton , Jain Abhinav , Krause Patrick M. , Lu Yue , Cai Shirong , Tu Yizheng , Zhou Xinhui , Zhang Xiaomei , Jiang Yan , Carroll Christopher L. , Kang Zhijun , Liu Bin , Shen Jianjun , Gagea Mihai , Manu Sebastian M. , Huo Lei , Gilcrease Michael , Powell Reid T. , Guo Lei , Stephan Clifford , Davies Peter J. , Parker-Thornburg Jan , Lozano Guillermina , Behringer Richard R. , Piwnica-Worms Helen , Chang Jeffrey T. , Moulder Stacy L. , Barton Michelle Craig 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConditional overexpression of histone readerTripartitemotif containing protein 24 (TRIM24) in mouse mammary epithelia (Trim24COE) drives spontaneous development of mammary carcinosarcoma tumors, lacking ER, PR and HER2. Human carcinosarcomas or metaplastic breast cancers (MpBC) are a rare, chemorefractory subclass of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Comparison ofTrim24COEmetaplastic carcinosarcoma morphology, TRIM24 protein levels and a derivedTrim24COEgene signature reveals strong correlation with human MpBC tumors and MpBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Global and single-cell tumor profiling revealMetas a direct oncogenic target of TRIM24, leading to aberrant PI3K/mTOR activation. Here, we find that pharmacological inhibition of these pathways in primaryTrim24COEtumor cells and TRIM24-PROTAC treatment of MpBC TNBC PDX tumorspheres decreased cellular viability, suggesting potential in therapeutically targeting TRIM24 and its regulated pathways in TRIM24-expressing TNBC.