bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prediction of COVID 19 Disease Using Feature Selection Techniques
Authors: Ali Rasha H. , Abdulsalam Wisal Hashim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
COVID 19 has spread rapidly around the world due to the lack of a suitable vaccine; therefore the early prediction of those infected with this virus is extremely important attempting to control it by quarantining the infected people and giving them possible medical attention to limit its spread. This work suggests a model for predicting the COVID 19 virus using feature selection techniques. The proposed model consists of three stages which include the preprocessing stage, the features selection stage, and the classification stage. This work uses a data set consists of 8571 records, with forty features for patients from different countries. Two feature selection techniques are used in order to select the best features that affect the prediction of the proposed model. These are the Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) as wrapper feature selection and the Extra Tree Classifier (ETC) as embedded feature selection. Two classification methods are applied for classifying the features vectors which include the Naïve Bayesian method and Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) method. The results were 56.181%, 97.906% respectively when classifying all features and 66.329%, 99.924% respectively when classifying the best ten features using features selection techniques.
Air Pollution Monitoring based Fuzzy Controller with Embedded System
Authors: Hasanh Saja Sattar , Miry Abbas Hussein , Salman Tariq M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Air pollution has a wide and great influence on the concentration of constituents of the atmosphere, which leads to many effects such as acid rains and global warming. In order to avoid such unwanted adverse imbalances in the nature, designing an air pollution monitoring system (APMS) is very important. This paper discussed the development of an effective solution for monitoring the air pollution by making an Arduino-Based Air Pollution Monitoring System (APMS). Carbon monoxide and Carbon Dioxide concentration levels in air were measured and monitored using MQ4 and MQ7 gas sensors and Arduino atmega microcontroller. These sensors can detect many harmful gases and can be used for measuring their amount very accurately. The concentrations of CO and CO2 in particle per million (PPM) will be monitored and displayed on the LCD very easily. Based on these measurements the pollution level could be monitored, determined, and displayed. The experiments were carried out using the developed wireless APMS under various physical conditions. The results showed that the designed system collects reliable and reasonable real time pollution data. Three hour sampling time was executed in each location. One of the logical functions that are widely used is fuzzy logic. A fuzzy logic artificial intelligence for gas sensors is used which clarifies the presence as well as the concentration of CO and CO2 efficiently. Fuzzy logic will gives the decision about whether the air is polluted or unpolluted. This logic function we can process some existing data into a form of output which can be in the form of a status or state of action that will be performed by a tool. This proposed system will contribute in the construction of an APMS in the outdoor or even in the indoor environment.
An Improved Data Hiding using Pixel Value Difference Method and Hyperchaotic System
Authors: Fadhel Sameera Abbas , Al-Kateeb Zeena N. , AL-Shamdeen Muna Jaffer 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present paper builds a security system to encrypt and hide important text data. The system utilized an AES method to conduct an encryption process, followed by hiding the encrypted data using an improved Pixel Value Difference (PVD) technique. The method works to builds a map to hide data in a non-sequential way by relying on a hyperchaotic system to increase the security level. The system methodology proposed that the data embedding process is in one of the three levels of the colour image (Red, Green, and Blue), where the embedding level will determined based on the coordinates of the PVD pair points that is increase the efficiency of performance. A set of measures was used to measure the quality of steganography where we used MSE, PSNR, SNR, and Corr, and the results are well and satisfactory. The proposed method records the least MSE value with 0.85348784908256, while the Corr values did not decrease about 0.994145776227782. The proposed method also proved successful and effective in retrieving and decoding data, where the BER scale was equal to zero for all retrieved text.
Digital Modulation Classification Based On Chicken Swarm Optimization and J48 Algorithm
Authors: Obeas Zainab Kadhm , Alwaisi Shaimaa Safaa Ahmed , Abd Nadie Kadom 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) has a significant impact in the military as well as civil applications. Recognizing the modulation of the received signal has been considered as an intermediate step between the detection and demodulation of the signal. Which is why, in many military and communication systems, the AMR is considered as part of the system. Presently, due to increasing digital modulations in military and civil applications. Digital modulation recognition is especially important. Usually for the AMR a small number of the received signal features are obtained and utilized. The choice of the suitable feature plays an important part in the increase of AMR efficiency. The presented paper indicates hybrid intelligent system for the recognitions of digital signal types, consisting of 3 major modules: classifier module, feature extraction module and J48 Classifier that was used for the first time in our research in the field of classification of modulated signals and optimization module by Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO). To get better results of the system suggested optimization the features to discard weak or irrelevant features in the system and keep only strong relevant features Chicken Swarm Optimization. The results of simulation confirm the high accuracy of recognition that is related to the suggested system even at low SNR.
Using Chebyshev Polynomials in Solving Diffusion Equations
Authors: Abed Ghuson S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, we modified Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind to match the characteristics of a second order differential equation that is a result of a separation of the variable technique used to solve a partial differential diffusion equation. The resultant polynomials solution in one spatial dimension is found and the corresponding changing parameters for the first order differential equation in time are extracted accordingly. The method is tested for applicability, stability, and convergence.
Three Weighted Residuals Methods for Solving the Nonlinear Thin Film Flow Problem
Authors: Mohammed Areej Salah , Al-Jawary Majeed A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the methods of weighted residuals: Collocation Method (CM), Least Squares Method (LSM) and Galerkin Method (GM) are used to solve the thin film flow (TFF) equation. The weighted residual methods were implemented to get an approximate solution to the TFF equation. The accuracy of the obtained results is checked by calculating the maximum error remainder functions (MER). Moreover, the outcomes were examined in comparison with the 4th-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) and good agreements have been achieved. All the evaluations have been successfully implemented by using the computer system Mathematica®10.
Some Properties of Regular and Normal Space on Topological Graph Space
Authors: Isewid Rasha A , Aziz Nabila I , Yaseen Samer R , Qasem Mahera Rabee 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The goal of this article is to give the concepts of Regular space and Normal space in the topological graph space also generalize α and β that to Regular space and Normal space where the relationship between these concepts were given. Finally, some characteristics of these concepts were investigated.
Face Detection for Color Image Based on MATLAB
Authors: al_galib Shahad laith abd , Abdulrahman Asma Abdulelah , Al-azawi Fouad Shaker Tahir 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Amazing results in many works in the field of deep convolutional neural networks using them in many fields of machine learning such as image classification control of atrial play, and image annotation. Mathematical analysis of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) has a broad role in many applications including image classification applications. Face recognition technology has occupied a wide field in research that is still continuing in this work. Face recognition technology is being developed depending on the MATLAB program to develop the subjecting of the color image to the neural convolution network and the work of a program to reduce the time the network deals with the image to reduce the number of layers to only two layers and access the algorithm Suggested in this work. Computer vision of a color image in a face detection study. In this work, the researcher created a fast algorithm to reach the research goal based on new standards in the field of face detection. A new face detection program was designed using MATLAB, CascadeObjectDetector and trainCascadeObjectDetector the face detection devices were developed. In this work, a technique for panning and color image using the convolutional neural network for deep learning is proposed, the method used to reach the goal of this work.
Univalence Criteria for Holomorphic Functions Involving Srivastava-Attiya Operator
Authors: Hussian Huda F. , Juma Abdul Rahman S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of present paper is to introduce and investigate the univalence criteria of holomorphic functions by employ a basically general form of Srivastava-Attiya operator. In specific, we derive several sufficient conditions of univalence for the generalized Srivastava-Attiya operator. Furthermore, number of famous univalent conditions would follow across specializing the parameters involved. Relevant connections with other related previous works are also indicating.
A modified ARIMA model for forecasting chemical sales in the USA
Authors: Salah Othman Mahdi , Mahdi Ghadeer Jasim Mohammed , Al-Latif Iman Ahmed Abud 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
model is derived, and the methodology is given in detail. The model is constructed depending on some measurement criteria, Akaike and Bayesian information criterion. For the new time series model, a new algorithm has been generated. The forecasting process, one and two steps ahead, is discussed in detail. Some exploratory data analysis is given in the beginning. The best model is selected based on some criteria; it is compared with some naïve models. The modified model is applied to a monthly chemical sales dataset (January 1992 to Dec 2019), where the dataset in this work has been downloaded from the United States of America census (www.census.gov). Ultimately, the forecasted sales for the next three years for chemical sales in the USA is provided.
Development the Numerical Method to Solve the Inverse Initial Value Problem for the Thermal Conductivity Equation of Composite Materials
Authors: Al-Mahdawi H K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the heat conduction equation for composite materials posed and solved. This problem is known as an inverse initial value problem for the heat conduction equation. In order to solve and formulate this inverse problem, the function spaces must be defined and represented. By studying and solving the direct problem for the heat equation in composite materials, it is possible to determine the function spaces and solve the inverse initial value problem. Scientific methods used: the separation of variables method used to solve the direct problem for the heat equation. It found that method separation of variables does not completely lead to the solution of the inverse initial value problem, since this method leads to a divergent series of solutions and rather massive errors. The heat conduction problem can be formulated as Fredholm integral first kind equations. The discretization algorithm applied to reformulated the problem as linear operator problem as matrix and vectors form. Then, Tikhonov’s regularization inversion method has been used to find an approximation solution. Finally, as shown in the numerical example the regularized approximate solutions obtained.
Study subsets in Unite projective planes and their applications to Error-Correcting codes
Authors: Al-Seraji Najm Abdulzahra Makrib , Numan Zeina Tariq 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to classify the special sets in the projective planes PG (2, t) with the values of t= 17,31,37, and we found the arcs of the second degree (k,2) - arcs in PG (2, t) or third-degree (k,3)-arcs in PG(2, t), and the parameters of codes n, k, d was calculated and whether they are complete or incomplete, and the corresponding codes were formed.
Runge-kutta Numerical Method for Solving Nonlinear Influenza Model
Authors: Mohammed Shatha Jabbar , Mohammed Maha A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe main object of this study is to solve a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE) of the first order governing the epidemic model using numerical methods. The application under study is a mathematical epidemic model which is the influenza model at Australia in 1919. Runge-kutta methods of order 4 and of order 45 for solving this initial value problem(IVP) problem have been used. Finally, the results obtained have been discussed tabularly and graphically.
Common Fixed Point and invariant Approximations for Cq-Commuting Mappings in P-Normed Spaces
Authors: Ajeel Yusra Jarallah , Mutlag Osamah Hadi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to prove a common fixed point(c.f.p) theorems by using conditiond (S(x), T(y)) ≤ℓ max{d(h(x), G(y)), d(h(x), S(x)), d(G(y), T(y)), d(h(x), T(y)), d(G(y), S(x))} For two pairs of mappings in p-normed space(p-n.s) and also obtain the best approximation (b.a) result. In the last part of this paper, it is proved that the fixed point (f.p) problem for these mappings is well-posed (w-p).
Soft Np-Open Sets in Soft Toplogical Spaces
Authors: Sabeha I , Ali Haider Jebur 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article is devoted to introduce and study a new kind of soft sets in soft topological spaces called soft Np-open sets as a generalization of soft p-open sets. Also, we investigate and prove some of their properties. By using this new soft set we define and study new soft spaces called soft Np-compact spaces, soft Np-Lindelöf spaces, and obtain some of their characterizations and properties. Finally, we discuss the relationships among soft Np-compact spaces, soft Np-Lindelöf spaces, soft p-compact spaces, soft p-Lindelöf spaces, soft compact spaces, and soft Lindelöf spaces.
Solve differential equations via a hybrid method between homotopy analytical method and sine cosine optimization algorithm
Authors: najeeb Mostafa raed , Qasim Omar Saber , Entesar Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of two types, linear and non-linear will be solved by using the homotopy analytical method (HAM), and the sine cosine algorithm (SCA) will be used to modify the parameter h and obtain a better approximate solution than what was in the previous method HAM. The suggested method, HAM-SCA, covers a solution that reveals the reliability and the efficiency correspondingly to the default method HAM by computing the maximum absolute errors (MAE) and mean square error (MSE).
Stable15N and Neutron Halo 16N Nuclei Structure Study by Elastic Electron Scattering Form Factors and Nucleon Momentum Distributions
Authors: Yaseen Maha Taha , Ali Akram M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this manuscript, the elastic electron scattering form factors and the nucleon momentum distributions (NMD) for stable 15N and neutron halo 16N at the ground state were reported. This was accomplished by utilizing the well-known Coherent Density Fluctuation Model (CDFM) via the employment of fluctuation function (|F(q)|2) which is coupled with the density distributions nuclei. The long-tail performance in the NMD at high momentum region was further determined via experimental and theoretical fluctuation functions. The evaluated elastic electron scattering form factors were evaluated on the bases of the density distributions as well as the root mean square (RMS) radii for each measured nucleon. The proposed study provides a robust correlation between the theoretical formation factors and the practical results of 15N and 16N nuclei.
Risk Determination of Radionuclide Derived from Agriculture Fertilizers in Iraqi Markets by Gamma Spectrometry
Authors: Ali Akram Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A fertilizer has increase production and becomes a necessary tool that uses in agriculture. Different amount of uranium and thorium are including in the fertilizers that mean natural nuclide will be concentrated in high values. In this work, seventeen samples of commonly used fertilizer in Iraqi markets were collected and determine the specific activities of radiation 238U, 232Th, and 40K using a technique of gamma-ray spectroscopy NaI(Tl) detector. The concentration of these nuclides has average values (79.66±0.41Bq/kg, 30.52±0.31Bq/kg, and 181.27±2.91 Bq/kg) comparing with worldwide limitation (35Bq/kg, 35Bq/kg, and 350 Bq/kg), respectively. So the concentration of 238U nuclei greater than its global limit. The radiological hazards of all samples as radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external (Hex) and internal (Hin), alpha and gamma indices, and annual effective dose, due to the presence of these radionuclides, were calculated to assess it hazards and by the statistical study that using SPSS program one can mark the relations between all hazards indices.
Studying the effect of the bending magnet parameters on focusing of charged particles in beam transport systems via the matrix representation method
Authors: Attia Malak M. , Hashim Intesar H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The focusing of charged particles beam passing through the transport system is affected by many parameters and depends on the elements that used in the transport beam systems. In this study, a permanent bending C-shape magnet is used to investigate the effect of the geometrical configuration parameters of bending magnet on the focusing of the passing charged particles beam. This investigation is implemented via the method of the matrix’s representation. The results showed that the edges of the bending magnet have opposite focus in the horizontal and vertical planes of beam motion. The deflecting angle effect appeared as a rotation of the phase space ellipse of the charged particle beam without focusing of this beam. The results also, showed that the focus of the charged particles beam is unlike in both horizontal and vertical planes of beam motion.
Evaluation of the radiological hazard in some dried fruit and grain samples in Iraqi Markets by Using of gamma ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Jameel Athraa Naji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K have been measured by using of gamma spectroscopy for fifteen samples fall under the consumed food group (six type of dried fruit and nine types of grain) at local markets in Baghdad. The average of activity concentration values of 40K, 232Th and 238U were 324.4±28.5 Bq/Kg, 3.66±0.20 Bq/kg and 3.44±0.58 Bq/kg, for the dried fruit samples, 302.3± 98.9, 4.8±1.5 and 4.29 ±1.4 Bq/kg, respectively. For the grain samples, radiation hazard indices, the annual effective dose, internal and external risk, lifetime cancer, and the doses of ingestion, were all doses values within the international borders allowed. Thus, Food the dried fruit and grain in Baghdad is safe for human consumption and it has no heath effect.
Physical Characteristics for Biocomposite Material Using to Jawbones Compensation
Authors: Sabry Alya’a Abdulkadhim , Salih Nihad Abdulameer 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The biocomposite material prepared from polymeric blend (bone cement) as a matrix, and hydroxyapatite powder as a reinforcement material to jawbones compensation is a material that has a good compatibility in terms of physical properties with oral environment in general, and jawbones in particular. The physical properties such as density, water absorption, and thermal properties were tested according to the weight fraction for the reinforcement material. It was found that the density of biocomposite material does not uniformly changed, and it decreases with increasing the ratio of hydroxyapatite particles. While, the water absorption increases with increasing the weight fraction of hydroxyapatite particles. Also, the thermal properties were measured. It was found that the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of the prepared material were decreased with increasing the weight fraction of hydroxyapatite particles, and therefore the specific heat of the prepared material was also increased due to the porous nature for reinforcement material (hydroxyapatite powder) that enhances the formation of voids between the resulting material.
Employment of Titanium dioxide thin film on NO2 gas sensing
Authors: Abbas Israa Akram , Hazaa Salah Q. , Salman Seham Hassan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
TiO2 thin films were deposited by Spray Pyrolysis with thickness ((350±25) nm) onto glass substrates at (350°C), and the film was annealed at temperatures (400 and 500)°C. The structural and morphological properties of the thin films (TiO2) were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope. The gas sensor fabricated by evaporating aluminum electrodes using the annealed TiO2 thin films as an active material. The sensitivity of the sensors was determined by change the electrical resistance towards NO2 at different working temperatures (200 and 300)°C. It was determined that the fabricated sensor using TiO2 thin film annealed at (400)°C with 8.28 nm particle size has high sensitivity than the thin films annealed at 500°C with 10.37 nm particle size. The sensor operated at 200°C had also sensitive to the NO2 gas and its sensivity increased with operated temperatures at 300°C. It was observed that the fabricated sensors exhibited reproducible and stable results.
Tailoring the structural, morphological, electrical and optical characteristics of transparent and conductive ZnO/Ag-NPs thin film coatings
Authors: Taha Hatem 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, high quality ZnO/Ag-NPs thin transparent and conductive film coatings were fabricated via sol-gel process combined with spin-coating technique. Structural, surface morphology, electrical and optical properties were investigated by means of XRD, Hall effect measurements, FESEM and UV-Vis. The synthesized ZnO/Ag-NPs thin films shows a polycrystalline wurtzite structure, and the grain sizes enlarged when the annealing temperature increased. The surface morphologies of the coatings were dense, smooth and homogeneous as proved by FESEM images. The resistivity of (5.8×10−4 Ω.cm), the carrier concentration of (3×1020 cm−3) and the mobility of (40 cm2/V s) were obtained from the film post heated with 500°C. Same thin film also shows the highest transmittance and energy gap of 88% and 3.71 eV respectively.