bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between A1c and Cutaneous Dermatophytosis: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Ufkes Nicole , Hopkins Zachary , Westerdahl John Skylar , Florell Scott R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with diabetes have an increased risk of certain dermatophytoses. However, less is known about dermatophyte infections in pre‐diabetic patients, or how A1c impacts risk.ObjectivesAssess the relationship between recent (< 1 year) HgbA1c status and odds of cutaneous dermatophyte infection.MethodsCase–control study of patients seen at the University of Utah Dermatology Department between January 1, 2015 and December 21, 2022. Tinea cases were identified by ICD‐10 codes and required the diagnosis be made by a dermatologist. Controls included patients seen in the dermatology department but who had no known diagnosis (past or current) of dermatophyte infection and were seen in a context where tinea could have been identified (i.e., no surgical visits, suture removals, spot checks, and cosmetic visits) and did not have a potentially confounding condition (inflammatory rashes). The primary exposure examined was averaged HgbA1c 1 year before index visit. Secondary exposures included HgbA1c 3 months, 3–6 months, and 6–12 months before visit as well as 3 months after the visit. Sensitivity analysis was performed using categorised Hgb A1c and historical diagnosis of diabetes.ResultsThere was a 1.16‐fold increase in the odds of tinea per point increase in averaged pre‐visit A1c (odds ratio [OR] 1.16; confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.22). The odds of tinea for a given HgbA1c were higher for cutaneous tinea as compared to onychomycosis and tinea capitis. The odds of tinea were attenuated when adjusting for age and sex but remained significant (OR = 1.09; CI 1.03–1.15).ConclusionsThere was an association between averaged HgbA1c over the year before a visit and odds of tinea infection. This association was similar for individual A1c periods and was more pronounced for tinea infections outside of onychomycosis and tinea capitis. These data may support HgbA1c screening in patients with new dermatophytoses, or conversely may increase the suspicion of cutaneous dermatophytosis if HgbA1c is elevated.
Gaps in Evidence‐Based Recommendations for Low Back Pain: Analysis of the Accuracy of the Care Pathway in Primary Care
Authors: Junior Denis Macleam Cunha e Silva , Goes Ana Vitória Araújo , de Castro Shamyr Sulyvan , de Jesus‐Moraleida Fabianna Resende , Nunes Ana Carla Lima 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrimary health care is the gateway to low back pain (LBP) management. Effective management of LBP can reduce disability and socioeconomic burden. Standardised, accurate, and evidence‐based information for assertive decision‐making in care pathways for LBP has the potential to improve health service efficiency.ObjectiveTo describe and analyse the accuracy of the information on the care pathway for the management of LBP in primary care provided by the Ministry of Health from Brazil.MethodsDescriptive study of the accuracy of information on the care pathway for LBP in primary care based on an official protocol of the Ministry of Health from Brazil. Information on non‐pharmacological and pharmacological treatment, as well as health education, was extracted from the treatment protocol. The information was then compared with recent international guidelines for accuracy analysis. Each management recommendation was analysed by two independent researchers and classified as accurate, partially accurate, inaccurate or not mentioned according to the clarity and precision of the information.ResultsThe analysis revealed that 43% of the management recommendations were accurate, 30% were partially accurate, and 26% of the recommendations presented in the investigated guidelines were not mentioned in the Ministry of Health's care pathway. Pharmacological recommendations showed 50% accuracy, non‐pharmacological recommendations 60%, and health education recommendations 14%. Additionally, the care pathway appears to be outdated in recommending educational guidance that is not aligned with current clinical guidelines.ConclusionThe results indicate that, although there some aspects of the information provided by the Brazilian official management protocol align with international clinical guidelines, there are substantial gaps, especially in the areas of health education and non‐pharmacological interventions. This study may contribute to making more accurate information available on LBP, bringing primary care professionals in Brazil closer to evidence‐based recommendations.
Euler–Heisenberg Black Hole Surrounded by Quintessence in the Background of Perfect Fluid Dark Matter: Thermodynamics, Shadows, and Quasinormal Modes
Authors: Hamil Bilel , Lütfüoğlu Bekir Can 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCurrent observations show that a significant fraction of the Universe is composed of dark energy and dark matter. In this paper, the simultaneous effects of these dark sectors on the Euler–Heisenberg black hole are investigated, using the quintessence matter field and perfect fluid to model them. In particular, the black hole's thermodynamics, shadows, and quasinormal modes are studied, and detailed discussions are provided on how these properties change with relatively large or small dark sector components.
Phytoestrogens: Pharmacological Potential and Therapeutic Insights for Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: He Mengzhen , Yin Yisheng , Yu Gan , Zhou Hui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are exceptionally common in postmenopausal female or patients with diabetes mellitus or nephrolithiasis, carrying substantial burden on patients and healthcare system. Increasing proportion and ongoing spread of antibiotic‐resistant pathogens have further debilitated the condition in battlefield against the UTIs. Lack of estrogen may contribute to high inclination of UTIs after menopause and hormone replacement therapy can mitigate symptoms of hot flashes, vaginal dryness and UTIs, rationalizing the usage of estrogen and analogues in treatment and prophylaxis of UTIs. Phytoestrogens which comprise flavonoids, coumerins, stilbenes, and lignans, are natural botanical compounds with estrogen structural similarity and biochemical features. Phytoestrogens have emerged as adjuvant remedy and prophylaxis for uropathogenic bacteria even for multidrug‐resistant ones, with the multifaceted mechanisms such as inhibition of adhesion and invading ability of bacteria, destruction of biofilms, synergistically enhancement of antibiotics activity. It is plausible to propose phytoestrogens as potential agents or combination with other strategies to ameliorate the challenge of multi‐drug resistance in UTIs.
Semidefinite Program for One‐Shot Dilution of Quantum Coherence
Authors: Zhu Yikang , Su Zhaofeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractQuantum coherence is one of the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics and also acts as a valuable resource for a variety of practical applications, which includes quantum computing and quantum information processing. Evaluating the dilution of coherence is a basic problem in the framework of resource theory. The coherence dilution problem is considered in the one‐shot scenario. A semidefinite program of one‐shot coherence dilution of pure state under maximally incoherent operation is identified. A similar but not semidefinite program form is provided under dephasing‐covariant incoherent operation. Moreover, it is proved that the known lower bound of the one‐shot dilution is strict. This numerical experiment clearly demonstrates that the maximally incoherent operation and dephasing‐covariant incoherent operation have different power in the coherence dilution.
Expanding the scope of mast cell disease: Does mast cell‐derived TNF play a role in immune‐mediated chronic illness and autoimmunity?
Authors: Gorman Rachel da Silveira , Syed Iffath Unissa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIncreasing evidence underscores the vital significance of diverse mast cell mediators in inflammatory illness, yet diagnostic criteria for mast cell activation syndrome still focus predominantly on a solitary mediator, tryptase. Therapeutic interventions, conversely, tend to prioritize histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. This article, via a review of both experimental and clinical findings, spotlights the mechanisms of action of an important mast cell mediator – tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and elucidates the intricate linkages between mast cell dysfunction, chronic illness, and autoimmunity. After providing an overview of the role of mast cell‐derived TNF in inflammatory illnesses and viral infections, we hypothesize the interplay between mast cell‐derived TNF and mitochondrial dysfunction, microglial activation, and the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and the pathways of action on mast cells of treatments such as high‐dose melatonin and low‐dose naltrexone.
Event‐Triggered Model‐Free Neuroadaptive Iterative Learning Control via Controller Dynamic Linearization and Application to Impact Load Frequency Regulation
Authors: Hou Rui , Jia Li , Bu Xuhui , Peng Chen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the problem of energy‐efficient learning control for unknown repetitive nonlinear discrete‐time systems. Traditional event‐triggered model‐free iterative learning control (ILC) relies on data‐based approximation models to construct the controller optimization criterion, which is susceptible to model identification errors and the curse of dimensionality. To mitigate this limitation, we propose a novel direct‐type high‐order ILC algorithm that includes online learning capabilities. The control output is derived by directly applying iterative dynamic linearization to an ideal virtual nonlinear learning controller, with learning gains being automatically calibrated in real‐time using a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). Furthermore, this strategy integrates an adaptive, relative threshold‐based, event‐triggered protocol that is dynamically updated based on the trained neural weights and tracking errors. This approach offers significant advantages over existing strategies. Theoretical proofs demonstrate the convergence of learning gains and tracking errors, and the theoretical results are applied to the frequency regulation of active power impact loads on an experimental platform for steel industry microgrids, validating the effectiveness and applicability of our scheme.
Greener Synthesis of Novel 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives Using Ionic Liquid for Targeting Plasmodium falciparum DHFR
Authors: Saiyad Shaffiqali Y. , Prajapati Arvind N. , Patel Tarosh S. , Kataria Vipul B. , Dixit Bharat C. , Dixit Ritu B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives in N,N‐Diisopropylethylammonium acetate (DIPEAc) ionic liquid demonstrates a notable advancement in sustainable chemistry. The use of DIPEAc as a greener solvent enabled a highly efficient Biginelli‐type reaction, significantly reducing the environmental impact by eliminating the need for hazardous organic solvents. Our extensive screening and computational studies have identified these compounds as potential Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pf‐DHFR) inhibitors. The favorable ADME descriptors, suggesting promising pharmacokinetics, and the robust 3D‐QSAR model reveal strong structure–activity relationships, instilling confidence in the potential of these compounds for developing effective antimalarial treatments.
Potential Specific Adsorption of Electrolyte Components Induced by Point Defected Graphene in EDLCs: A DFT Research
Authors: He Manwei , Yi Zonglin , Han Mengsha , Jia Wanru , Su Fangyuan , Zuo Zhijun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarbon‐based materials are widely used as electrodes in commercial electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). However, zero‐dimensional or point defects that unavoidably appear in the carbon materials may change the electrical double‐layer (EDL) structure in EDLCs, especially the solvent layer, which has not been accurately simulated for a long time. In this study, we investigate the adsorption behavior of solvent molecules and ions in organic electrolytes on graphene with various point defects using DFT calculations. Our results show that electrolyte ions adsorb more strongly on defected graphene through non‐specific adsorption, which could enhance charge storage in EDLCs. Among the different types of defected graphenes, single vacancy (SV) defected substrates exhibit chemical adsorption behavior with acetonitrile (ACN) molecules, which could disrupt the uniformity of the EDL structure and even lead to the conversion from non‐Faraday to Faraday process in the EDL interface. Detailed electronic structure analysis further confirms that N─C and C─C covalent bonds are formed between ACN molecules and SV defected substrates for their frontier molecular orbital satisfies the bonding condition. This work proves the potential specific adsorption of SV defected graphene due to its unique electronic structures and offers theoretical insights for designing high‐performance materials to further optimize EDLCs.
High‐Yield Synthesis of Sustainable γ‐Valerolactone from Biomass‐Derived Product Levulinic Acid by Hydrogenation in Fixed Bed Continuous Reactor
Authors: Andola Suresh Chandra , Pandey Ankit , Poddar Mukesh Kumar , Malik Rajdeep , Singh Ajay , Maity Samir Kumar , Bal Rajaram 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe transformation of biomass‐derived feedstocks into valuable chemicals is crucial for the sustainable development of our society. Extensive applications of γ‐valerolactone give wide attention to synthesis. We have prepared a Pt‐hydrotalcite (Pt‐HT) catalyst by the sol‐gel method and determined that this catalyst shows superior performance for the precise hydrogenation of levulinic (LA) gg acid into γ‐valerolactone (GVL), where 100% GVL selectivity was achieved with LA conversion of ∼98% at 300 °C and 10 bar pressure using a fixed bed continuous down‐flow reactor. The physiochemical characterization of the catalyst was identified as done by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, BET, XPS, and TPR. The incorporated Pt metal has high dispersion in the presence of a basic medium of MgO and an acidic medium of Al2O3 of hydrotalcite (HT). The acidity of alumina is responsible for C─O bond cleavage to form an angelica‐lactone intermediate, which is further converted to form GVL over Pt, positioning it as a highly promising catalyst for the practical production of γ‐valerolactone. Highly dispersed Pt located between the interlayer spacing of support hydrotalcite is the active species, and the catalyst was stable even after a 24 h time‐on‐stream run without changing the conversion and selectivity.
From 2D AgTe Monolayer to 1D AgTe Nanowires: Tellurium Concentration Modulated Structural and Electronic Properties Transformation
Authors: Yang Yuhang , Niu Gefei , Lu Jianchen , Geng Xi , He Ruizhi , Zhang Yong , Li Shicheng , Zhang Yi , Sun Li , Gao Lei , Cai Jinming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractControllably modulating the structure of transition‐metal chalcogenides (TMCs) from 2D to 1D and tuning their electronic properties has drawn particular attention currently due to their remarkable properties and potential applications. In this work, by precisely controlling the chemical concentration of Te atoms, the transformation from the 2D honeycomb AgTe monolayer to high‐quality and well‐defined 1D AgTe nanowires on the Ag(111) substrate has been successfully achieved. The combination of scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and first‐principles calculations has confirmed that the mechanism underlying the entire dimensional transformation lies in the directional movement of Ag atoms in the 2D AgTe monolayer regulated by the concentration of Te atoms. The scanning tunneling spectroscopy results reveal that the bandgap of as‐synthesized 1D AgTe nanowires is 0.9 eV. Additionally, between the 2D honeycomb AgTe monolayer and the 1D AgTe nanowires, a 1D well‐defined and sharp interface has emerged, with a 1D interface state existing at this interface due to charge accumulation. This work may provide valuable guidance for the preparation of 1D nanowires within TMCs, the exploration of novel physical properties, as well as the development of future quantum devices.
Theoretical study and numerical test for a delayed thermoelastic porous system with microtemperatures
Authors: Mesmouli Mouataz Billah , Khochemane Houssem Eddine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research paper aims to investigate a one‐dimensional thermoelastic porous system with microtemperatures effects in the presence of discrete time delay in internal feedback without frictional damping to control the delay term. First, we establish the well‐posedness of the system using semigroup theory. Then, based on the energy method we show an exponential stability result of the solution, under a smallness condition on the delay, irrespective of the wave speeds of the system or any other condition on the coefficients. Finally, we give numerical experiments to validate our theoretical result by carrying out an Euler scheme for time discretization and the classical finite difference method for the spatial discretization. The existing findings have been enhanced and present novel advancements compared to the established results in the literature.
Colonialism, Decolonization, and Global Health
Authors: Seetah Krish 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter serves as a bridge between the social sciences and humanities, and clinical research. It identifies the utility of anthropological and historical perspectives for the purposes of decolonizing global health, demonstrating the relevance of multidisciplinary approaches for the discipline. The chapter illuminates the historical trajectory of global health from its roots in colonial medicine, tracing the negative legacies that now impact former-colonial nations, and the modern discipline of global health. Using the case of Mauritius, the chapter presents how the processes of colonialism led to poor health in the past, disenfranchisement, and high mortality in laboring peoples. Lines are then drawn between the historical and modern context, urging the reader to consider how the heterogenous nature of colonialism must now be accounted for during the ongoing process of decolonization, particularly regarding global health partnership.
Transforming the Planetary Health Crisis Through an Indigenous Land-Based Meta-Narrative
Authors: Redvers Nicole , Menzel Kelly 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOur current biodiversity, pollution, climate change, and pandemic crises are deep and complex yet have similar underpinnings and a clear road map out. Indigenous Peoples have long asserted the importance of their enduring and dynamic relationship to ancestral lands, seas, waterways, and wildlife as a protective road map for people and the planet. As we are all dynamic beings with the potential for direct kinship relationships to all planetary elements ranging from the micro to the macro level, it leaves open the possibility of large-scale and emergent positive change. This means that as action-based planetary relatives, we can all enact great change around us by precipitating these emergent processes within our own bodies and in the environment around us. Therefore, we provide an interconnected narrative that centers Land and Country, our Ancestors, and story as we consider the path we need to walk going forward. We premise that the story we need to co-walk is an ecologically derived one with the complexity of the world expressed through the simplicity of being of Nature.
Courageous Authenticity: Bringing Our Inner Wisdom to Our Work, Partnerships, and Communities
Authors: Tyler Amie , LaBeaud A. Desiree 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo create the innovative solutions global health demands, we rely heavily on scientific knowledge, the scientific method to test hypotheses, and observable measurable data. However, we can also incorporate additional ways of knowing into our process, to fully honor and receive wisdom from all aspects of our humanity and to foster meaningful and impactful outcomes. We can learn to value our imagination and intuition as useful tools for innovative problem-solving. We can learn to honor ancestral viewpoints and incorporate learnings from the community, their experiences, and their land. We can learn to partner as people first, to manifest infinite possibilities of common ground and open ourselves to more connection points than scientific purpose alone. As we do this, we can become extremely fulfilled as we find deeper purpose in our work, our calling. Here, we offer ideas for global health practitioners and researchers to explore introspection to aid in deeper partnerships and engagement. First, we delve into deliberate introspection to foster greater awareness of our inner and outer landscapes. Second, we invite other ways of knowing to broaden our perspective and bring greater creativity to our global health research process. Third, we pause to consider the calling of a global health career. Finally, we approach ways to engage with others to heal collective trauma and to see ourselves as activists and healers in our capacity to build a more just, equitable and healthy world. Although it takes time to build relationships this way with oneself, our global health partners, and the work itself, this expansive way of working can be transformative. We invite you to acknowledge and honor all aspects of yourself and weave them into your global health work, partnerships, and vision.
Role of Social Science in Infectious Disease Research: A Case Study of Partnering with Communities in Vector Control in a Kenyan Village
Authors: Kibe Lydiah W. , LaBeaud A. Desiree 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPartnering with communities is a vital component of public health research. Terms such as community participation, community engagement, and citizen participation have been used to denote community partnerships that aim to re-distribute power through negotiation between citizens and researchers and enable co-creative processes that bring non-researchers in as core partners. These citizen-researcher partnerships go beyond informed consent, voluntary participation, and intervention adherence but instead constitute a means by which shared planning, design, implementation, dissemination, and decision-making take place. In this case study, we describe our intervention study in coastal Kenya that included homeowners, schools, schoolchildren, and other stakeholders to increase people’s awareness of vectors and vector-borne diseases and catalyze their participation in vector control. The partners for this work included researchers from local and international universities, social scientists, non-governmental organizations, officials from the ministries of health and education, and the community members themselves. We trialed new strategies to deeply engage adult and child community members to promote vector control activities at home and in the community. Strengthening community involvement and establishing prolonged interaction of community representatives with control services, municipalities, and other public actors were shown to be time-consuming and costly at the beginning but rewarding during the process and with excellent potential for sustainability. In this case study, we also investigate the concepts of gender norms and patriarchy and underscore how they interact with other forms of culture to impact decision-making processes, power imbalance and dominance, and vulnerability to ill health at our study site in Kenya. We highlight social science’s contribution to enhancing a deeper understanding of the social constructs that underlie power structures and concepts of disease and health in the Kenyan village, thus fostering successful partnerships with the community and enhancing research outcomes. The key tenets from this case study are relevant to community-based research conducted in similar contexts.