bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Trend of Calretinin-Positive Mucosal Innervation from Aganglionic Zone toward Transition Zone in Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Najjar Saleh , Ahn Sangtae , Umrau Kavita , Erdem Arslan Mustafa , Jennings Timothy A. , Whyte Christine , Lee Hwajeong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction Diagnosis of very short-segment Hirschsprung's disease (vsHD) by rectal suction biopsy is challenging as its aganglionic zone (AZ) overlaps with physiologic hypoganglionic zone and calretinin-positive mucosal nerves may extend from the transition zone (TZ) into AZ. We studied whether an increasing trend/gradient of calretinin-positive mucosal nerves along the distance from AZ toward TZ aids in diagnosis of HD.
Materials and Methods In this study, 46 rectal suction biopsies from non-HD and HD, and 15 pull-through specimens from short-segment HD were evaluated by mucosal calretinin immunostain (CI) and image processing and analysis (IPA) to measure pixel count (PC, the percentage of calretinin stained pixels in the mucosa). Consecutive longitudinal sections of proximal AZ toward distal TZ in HD pull-through specimens were utilized as a vsHD surrogate model. First, we studied variability of mucosal CI in non-HD biopsies along the distance from dentate line. Second, we determined a cutoff point of mucosal CI by IPA that separated non-HD versus HD and applied this cutoff to longitudinal sections from proximal AZ to distal TZ segments in HD pull-through specimens. Third, we studied whether an increasing trend of mucosal CI was universally observed in HD pull-through.
Results Our findings included a significant variability in PC along the biopsy distance in non-HD cases. Positive mucosal CI was found in proximal AZ in 6 (43%) of 14 HD pull-through, among which 1 case lacked submucosal nerve hypertrophy in the proximal AZ. All 14 HD pull-through cases showed an increasing trend/gradient of PC from AZ toward TZ.
Conclusion Based on our findings, the presence or absence of mucosal CI positivity and submucosal nerve hypertrophy may not reliably diagnose vsHD in rectal suction biopsy. While we acknowledge that the density of mucosal innervation in variable contexts and anatomical locations is unknown and yet to be explored, our study suggests that an increasing trend of positive mucosal CI from AZ toward TZ by IPA might prove to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of vsHD in the future.
A value-driven approach to addressing misinformation in social media
Authors: Komendantova Nadejda , Ekenberg Love , Svahn Mattias , Larsson Aron , Shah Syed Iftikhar Hussain , Glinos Myrsini , Koulolias Vasilis , Danielson Mats 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMisinformation in social media is an actual and contested policy problem given its outreach and the variety of stakeholders involved. In particular, increased social media use makes the spread of misinformation almost universal. Here we demonstrate a framework for evaluating tools for detecting misinformation using a preference elicitation approach, as well as an integrated decision analytic process for evaluating desirable features of systems for combatting misinformation. The framework was tested in three countries (Austria, Greece, and Sweden) with three groups of stakeholders (policymakers, journalists, and citizens). Multi-criteria decision analysis was the methodological basis for the research. The results showed that participants prioritised information regarding the actors behind the distribution of misinformation and tracing the life cycle of misinformative posts. Another important criterion was whether someone intended to delude others, which shows a preference for trust, accountability, and quality in, for instance, journalism. Also, how misinformation travels is important. However, all criteria that involved active contributions to dealing with misinformation were ranked low in importance, which shows that participants may not have felt personally involved enough in the subject or situation. The results also show differences in preferences for tools that are influenced by cultural background and that might be considered in the further development of tools.
High-bandwidth, variable-resistance differential noise thermometry
Authors: Talanov A. V. , Waissman J. , Taniguchi T. , Watanabe K. , Kim P. 
Published: January 2021

We have developed Johnson noise thermometry applicable to mesoscopic devices with variable source impedance with high bandwidth for fast data acquisition. By implementing differential noise measurement and two-stage impedance matching, we demonstrate noise measurement in the frequency range of 120 MHz–250 MHz with a wide sample resistance range of 30 Ω–100 kΩ tuned by gate voltages and temperature. We employed high-frequency, single-ended low noise amplifiers maintained at a constant cryogenic temperature in order to maintain the desired low noise temperature. We have achieved thermometer calibration with temperature precision up to 650 μK measuring a 200 mK temperature modulation on a 10 K background with 30 s of averaging. Using this differential noise thermometry technique, we measured thermal conductivity on a bilayer graphene sample spanning the metallic and semiconducting regimes in a wide resistance range, and we compared it to the electrical conductivity.
Electrical cross talk of a frequency division multiplexing readout for a transition edge sensor bolometer array
Authors: Wang Q. , Khosropanah P. , van der Kuur J. , de Lange G. , Audley M. D. , Aminaei A. , Hijmering R. , Ridder M. L. , Ilyas S. , van der Linden A. J. , Bruijn M. P. , van der Tak F. , Gao J. R. 
Published: January 2021

We have characterized and mapped the electrical cross talk (ECT) of a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) system with a transition edge sensor (TES) bolometer array, which is intended for space applications. By adding a small modulation at 120 Hz to the AC bias voltage of one bolometer and measuring the cross talk response in the current noise spectra of the others simultaneously, we have for the first time mapped the ECT level of 61 pixels with a nominal frequency spacing of 32 kHz in a 61 × 61 matrix and a carrier frequency ranging from 1 MHz to 4 MHz. We find that about 94% of the pixels show an ECT level of less than 0.4%. Only the adjacent pixels reach this level, and the ECT for the rest of the pixels is less than 0.1%. We also observe higher ECT levels, up to 10%, between some of the pixels, which have bundled long, parallel coplanar wires connecting TES bolometers to inductor–capacitor filters. In this case, the high mutual inductances dominate. To mitigate this source of ECT, the coplanar wires should be replaced by microstrip wires in the array. Our study suggests that an FDM system can have a relatively low ECT level, e.g., around 0.4% if the frequency spacing is 30 kHz. Our results successfully demonstrate a low electrical cross talk for a space FDM technology.
High-performance coded aperture gamma camera based on monolithic GAGG:Ce crystal
Authors: He Wen , Wang Yingjie , Liang Xiuzuo , Zhou Wei , Zhu Meiling , Han Xiaorou , Zhai Jiajia , Zeng Xiangtao , Feng Baotong , Tang Haohui , Li Daowu , Zhang Zhiming , Wei Long , Huang Xianchao 
Published: January 2021

A 50 × 50 × 10 mm3 monolithic gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (Gd3Al2Ga3O12; GAGG):Ce crystal coupled to a 8 × 8 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array was developed; it showed very good system uniformity and a high energy resolution of 7.4% at 662 keV. By using a convolutional neural network-based positioning algorithm and a fan-beam calibration method, the detector achieved a position resolution of ∼1.4 mm and a depth of interaction resolution of ∼2 mm. Based on this high-performance monolithic detector, we developed a coded aperture gamma camera. A 1-mCi Cs-137 source centered at a 2-m distance from the mask could be reconstructed with a signal-to-noise ratio of 6.5 in 1 s. Furthermore, the imaging ability of a low-energy Am-241 source and a low-activity Cs-137 source when the background-to-signal ratio was approximately 1:1 and a double low-activity source (Cs-137 and Na-22) was demonstrated. It is shown that the monolithic-crystal-based coded aperture gamma camera can achieve high performance and has a large potential for further improvement.
Fundamentos teóricos, neurológicos, psicológicos y lingüísticos del estudio de la competencia
humorística
Authors: Jiménez Ruiz Juan Luis , Palenzuela Sánchez Ángeles 
Published: January 2021

Abstracta
El uso del lenguaje en los niños de edad escolar experimenta cambios cuantitativos y cualitativos. Entre los
cambios cualitativos se encuentra el desarrollo de la conciencia metapragmática, directamente implicada en la evolución del humor
verbal. En este trabajo realizamos una síntesis bibliográfica que ofrece el estado de la cuestión de la aproximación a la
competencia humorística como fenómeno transversal: neurológico, psicológico y lingüístico.
Implementation and validation of the relativistic transient absorption theory within the dipole approximation
Authors: Zapata Felipe , Vinbladh Jimmy , Lindroth Eva , Dahlström Jan Marcus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A relativistic transient absorption theory is derived, implemented and validated within the dipole approximation based on the time-dependent Dirac equation. In the non-relativistic limit, it is found that the absorption agrees with the well established non-relativistic theory based on the time-dependent Schrödringer equation. Time-dependent simulations have been performed using the Dirac equation and the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom in two different attosecond transient absorption scenarios. These simulations validate the present relativistic theory. The presented work can be seen as a first step in the development of a more general relativistic attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy method for studying heavy atoms, but it also suggests the possibility of studying relativistic effects, such as Zitterbewegung, in the time domain.
Expressibility of comb tensor network states (CTNS) for the P-cluster and the FeMo-cofactor of nitrogenase
Authors: Li Zhendong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Polynuclear transition metal complexes such as the P-cluster and the FeMo-cofactor of nitrogenase with eight transition metal centers represent a great challenge for current electronic structure methods. In this work, we initiated the use of comb tensor network states (CTNS), whose underlying topology has a one-dimensional backbone and several one-dimensional branches, as a many-body wavefunction ansatz to tackle these challenging systems. As an important first step, we explored the expressive power of CTNS with different underlying topologies. To this end, we presented an algorithm to express a configuration interaction (CI) wavefunction into CTNS based on the Schmidt decomposition. The algorithm was illustrated for representing approximate CI wavefunctions obtained from selected CI calculations for the P-cluster and the FeMo-cofactor into CTNS with three chemically meaningful comb structures, which successively group orbitals belonging to the same atom into branches. The conventional matrix product states (MPS) representation was obtained as a special case. We also discussed the insights gained from such decompositions, which shed some light on the future developments of efficient numerical tools for polynuclear transition metal complexes.
Effect of nanofiller morphology on the electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Fang Qichen , Lafdi Khalid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Conductive polymers and nanocomposites have attracted great attention in industry and academia for their tremendous potential applications. Most of the research was focused on the type and amount of nano-additives used and fewer on their morphology which is critical in forming the conductive network. In this paper, a detailed investigation of the effect nanomaterial’s morphology was carried out to study their electrical conductivity properties. Silver nanowire (AgNW) nanocomposite and silver nanoparticle (AgNP) nanocomposite were fabricated. The morphology, crystallinity, and orientation of various silver nanofillers were characterized. AgNW based nanocomposites have shown a lower percolation threshold. A conductive unit based model was established to explain the evolution of the conductive network and aggregation. The aggregation geometry of nanofiller appeared as a dominant factor in altering the percolation behavior.
Aspiration Before Tissue Filler—An Exercise in Futility and Unsafe Practice
Authors: Goodman Greg J , Magnusson Mark R , Callan Peter , Roberts Stefania , Hart Sarah , Lin Frank , Rahman Eqram , McDonald Cara B , Liew Steven , Porter Cath , Corduff Niamh , Clague Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Aesthetic physicians rely on certain anecdotal beliefs regarding the safe practice of filler injections. These include a presumed safety advantage of bolus injection after a negative aspiration.

Objectives
The authors sought to review and summarize the published literature on inadvertent intravascular injection of hyaluronic acid and to investigate whether the technique of aspiration confers any safety to the practitioner and the patient.

Methods
Pertinent literature was analyzed and the current understanding of the safety of negative and positive aspiration outlined.

Results
The available studies demonstrate that aspiration cannot be relied on and should not be employed as a safety measure. It is safer to adopt injection techniques that avoid injecting an intravascular volume with embolic potential than utilize an unreliable test to permit a risky injection.

Conclusions
To prevent intravascular injection, understanding “injection anatomy” and injection plane and techniques such as slow, low-pressure injection are important safety measures. Assurance of safety when delivering a bolus after negative aspiration does not appear to be borne out by the available literature. If there is any doubt about the sensitivity or reliability of a negative aspiration, there is no role for its utilization. Achieving a positive aspiration would just defer the risk to the next injection location where a negative aspiration would then be relied on.

Level of Evidence: 4
BioCommons: a robust java library for RNA structural bioinformatics
Authors: Zok Tomasz 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Biomolecular structures come in multiple representations and diverse data formats. Their incompatibility with the requirements of data analysis programs significantly hinders the analytics and the creation of new structure-oriented bioinformatic tools. Therefore, the need for robust libraries of data processing functions is still growing.

Results
BioCommons is an open-source, Java library for structural bioinformatics. It contains many functions working with the 2D and 3D structures of biomolecules, with a particular emphasis on RNA.

Availability and implementation
The library is available in Maven Central Repository and its source code is hosted on GitHub: https://github.com/tzok/BioCommons

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MultiNanopolish: refined grouping method for reducing redundant calculations in Nanopolish
Authors: Hu Kang , Huang Neng , Zou You , Liao Xingyu , Wang Jianxin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Compared with the second-generation sequencing technologies, the third-generation sequencing technologies allows us to obtain longer reads (average ∼10 kbps, maximum 900 kbps), but brings a higher error rate (∼15% error rate). Nanopolish is a variant and methylation detection tool based on hidden Markov model, which uses Oxford Nanopore sequencing data for signal-level analysis. Nanopolish can greatly improve the accuracy of assembly, whereas it is limited by long running time since most executive parts of Nanopolish is a serial and computationally expensive process.

Results
In this paper, we present an effective polishing tool, Multithreading Nanopolish (MultiNanopolish), which decomposes the whole process of iterative calculation in Nanopolish into small independent calculation tasks, making it possible to run this process in the parallel mode. Experimental results show that MultiNanopolish reduces running time by 50% with read-uncorrected assembler (Miniasm) and 20% with read-corrected assembler (Canu and Flye) based on 40 threads mode compared to the original Nanopolish.

Availability and implementation
MultiNanopolish is available at GitHub: https://github.com/BioinformaticsCSU/MultiNanopolish

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Interaction between prenatal and postnatal provisioning in a subsocial bug
Authors: Kudo Shin-Ichi , Baba Narumi , Mukai Hiromi , Hironaka Mantaro , Tanaka Keita D 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen females provide different types of parental provisioning sequentially, earlier provisioning can affect later provisioning. In variable environments, selection will favour the optimal combination of prenatal and postnatal maternal effects. In the burrower bug Adomerus triguttulus, females have two types of provisioning: trophic eggs, which are deposited on clutches before hatching and are consumed immediately by hatchlings, and Lamium nutlets, which are delivered progressively to the brood after hatching. A previous study showed that the female alters trophic egg allocation according to resource conditions before oviposition. Different amounts of maternal trophic egg provisioning and consumption by offspring might affect subsequent maternal brood care, including nutlet provisioning. To examine the effect of trophic egg supply on brood care, we adjusted the number of trophic eggs available to hatchlings. When trophic eggs were removed experimentally, the females attended broods for longer and provisioned them with more nutlets. In contrast, when trophic eggs were added, females did not change the duration of care, but they provided fewer nutlets than control females. This finding provides new insights into the adaptive significance of trophic eggs.
Sex disparity in secondary prevention pharmacotherapy and clinical outcomes following acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Dagan Misha , Dinh Diem T , Stehli Julia , Tan Christianne , Brennan Angela , Warren Josephine , Ajani Andrew E , Freeman Melanie , Murphy Alexandra , Reid Christopher M , Hiew Chin , Oqueli Ernesto , Clark David J , Duffy Stephen J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsWe sought to investigate if sex disparity exists for secondary prevention pharmacotherapy following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and impact on long-term clinical outcomes.Methods and resultsWe analysed data on medical management 30-day post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ACS in 20 976 patients within the multicentre Melbourne Interventional Group registry (2005–2017). Optimal medical therapy (OMT) was defined as five guideline-recommended medications, near-optimal medical therapy (NMT) as four medications, sub-optimal medical therapy (SMT) as ≤3 medications. Overall, 65% of patients received OMT, 27% NMT and 8% SMT. Mean age was 64 ± 12 years; 24% (4931) were female. Women were older (68 ± 12 vs. 62 ± 12 years) and had more comorbidities. Women were less likely to receive OMT (61% vs. 66%) and more likely to receive SMT (10% vs. 8%) compared to men, P &lt; 0.001. On long-term follow-up (median 5 years, interquartile range 2–8 years), women had higher unadjusted mortality (20% vs. 13%, P &lt; 0.001). However, after adjusting for medical therapy and baseline risk, women had lower long-term mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–0.98; P = 0.02]. NMT (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05–1.31; P = 0.004) and SMT (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.55–2.07; P &lt; 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of long-term mortality.ConclusionWomen are less likely to be prescribed optimal secondary prevention medications following PCI for ACS. Lower adjusted long-term mortality amongst women suggests that as well as baseline differences between gender, optimization of secondary prevention medical therapy amongst women can lead to improved outcomes. This highlights the need to focus on minimizing the gap in secondary prevention pharmacotherapy between sexes following ACS.
Limiting transpiration rate in high evaporative demand conditions to improve Australian wheat productivity
Authors: Collins Brian , Chapman Scott , Hammer Graeme , Chenu Karine 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Limited-transpiration rate at high evaporative demand (‘LTR’ trait) has potential to improve drought adaptation, crop water productivity and food security. The quantification of the implications of LTR for water consumption, biomass accumulation and yield formation requires the use of dynamic crop modelling to simulate physiological and environmental processes and interactions in target environments. Here, a new transpiration module was developed for the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM NextGen) and used to simulate atmospheric and edaphic water stress on wheat crops. This module was parameterized with (i) data from a lysimeter experiment assessing genotypic variability in the LTR trait for four genotypes contrasting in transpiration efficiency, and with (ii) a more pronounced response to high evaporative demand. The potential of the LTR trait for improving crop productivity was investigated across the Australian wheatbelt over 1989–2018. The LTR trait was simulated to allow an increase in national yield by up to 2.6 %, mostly due to shift in water use pattern, alleviation of water deficit during grain filling period and a higher harvest index. Greatest productivity gains were found in the north-east (4.9 %, on average) where heavy soils allow the conserved water with the LTR trait to be available later at more critical stages. The effect of the LTR trait on yield was enhanced under the future climate scenario, particularly in the north-east. Limiting transpiration at high evaporative demands appears to be a promising trait for selection by breeders, especially in drought-prone environments where crops heavily rely on stored soil moisture.
Multiwavelength monitoring of NGC 1275 over a decade: evidence of a shift in synchrotron peak frequency and long-term multiband flux increase
Authors: Gulati Sanna , Bhattacharya Debbijoy , Bhattacharyya Subir , Bhatt Nilay , Stalin C S , Agrawal V K 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We carried out a detailed study of the temporal and broad-band spectral behaviour of one of the brightest misaligned active galaxies in γ-rays, NGC 1275, utilizing 11 years of Fermi data and the available Swift and AstroSat observations. Based on the cumulative flux distribution of the γ-ray light curve, we identified four distinct activity states and noticed an increase in the baseline flux during the first three states. A similar nature of increase in the average flux was also noticed in the X-ray and UV bands. Strong flaring activity in γ-rays was noticed in the fourth state. The source was observed twice by AstroSat for shorter intervals (∼days) during longer observing (∼years) states 3 and 4. During the AstroSat observing periods, the source γ-ray flux was higher than the average flux observed during longer duration states. The increase in average baseline flux from state 1 to state 3 can be explained by considering a corresponding increase of jet particle normalization. The inverse Comptonization of synchrotron photons explained the average X-ray and γ-ray emission by jet electrons during the first three longer duration states. However, during the shorter duration AstroSat observing periods, a shift of synchrotron peak frequency was noticed, and the synchrotron emission of jet electrons explained the observed X-ray flux well.