bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Throughput Performance of A Delay Constraint Transmission For Half-Duplex And Full-Duplex Cognitive Relay Networks
Authors: Prasad Binod , Das Gopal Chandra , Nallagonda Srinivas , Saha Seemanti , Bhowmick Abhijit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The performance of a relay based Half-Duplex (HD) and Full-Duplex (FD) cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network with a RF energy harvesting (EH) is studied in this paper. Co-operative environment includes a network with multiple primary users (PUs), and CRs. The relay node is considered as an EH node which harvests energy (HE) from RF signal (RFS) of source and loop-back interference. The network performance is studied for instantaneous transmission and delay constraint transmission for decode and forward (DF) relaying protocol. The performance is investigated under a relay energy outage constraint and the expression of throughput is redesigned. Expressions of energy outage, data outage and throughput for HD and FD are developed. The impact of several parameters such as transmitting SNR, fractional harvesting time parameter, fractional transmission time parameter, and loop-back interference on the system throughput has been investigated.
Explainable analytics: Understanding causes, correcting errors, and increasingly achieving perfect accuracy from nature of distinguishable patterns
Authors: Pai Hao-Ting , Hsu Chung-Chian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In addition to pursue accurate analytics, it is invaluable to clarify how and why inaccuracy exists. We propose a transparent classification method (TC). In training, we discover patterns from positive and negative observations respectively; next, patterns are excluded if they appear in both types. In testing, observations are scored by the pure patterns and connected like social networks. Based on set theory, pure patterns have explanatory power for distinguishing tangled relationship between negative and positive observations. Experimental results demonstrate that TC can identify all positive (e.g., malignant) observations at low ratios of training to testing, e.g., 1:9 in Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Original) and 3:7 in Contraceptive Method Choice dataset. Without fine-tuned parameters and random selection, TC eliminates uncertainty of the methodology. TC can visualize causes, and therefore, prediction errors are traceable and can be corrected. Further, TC shows potential of identifying whether the ground truth is incorrect (e.g., diagnostic errors).
An Improved Typhoon Simulation Method Based On Latin Hypercube Sampling Method
Authors: Sun Jianpeng , Lv Guanjun , Huang Wenfeng , Wang Rong , Ma Xiaogang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to further improve the prediction accuracy of typhoon simulation method for extreme wind speed in typhoon prone areas, an improved typhoon simulation method is proposed by introducing the Latin hypercube sampling method into the traditional typhoon simulation method. In this paper, the improved typhoon simulation method is first given a detailed introduction. Then, this method is applied to the prediction of extreme wind speeds under various return periods in Hong Kong. To validate this method, two aspects of analysis is carried out, including correlation analysis among typhoon key parameters and prediction of extreme wind speeds under various return periods. The results show that the correlation coefficients among typhoon key parameters can be maintained satisfactorily with this improved typhoon simulation method. Compared with the traditional typhoon simulation method, extreme wind speeds under various return periods obtained with this improved typhoon simulation method are much closer to the results obtained with historical typhoon wind data.
Fireworks Ocular Injury in Saudi Children; Profile and Management Outcomes
Authors: AlGhadeer Huda , Khandekar Rajiv 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore the demographic profiling, causes, types, complications, management outcomes, and severity of fireworks- inflicted ocular injuries and traumas in children in KSA.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 115 cases with eye injuries managed at the Emergency Department, of our institution between 2003 and 2019. Demography, clinical features at presentation, mode of management and the Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) were evaluated at the last follow up. Results: The study included 117 eyes of 115 children [median age: 9 years; 96 (83.5%) boys; 19(16.5%) girls]. Fifty-six (48.7%) participants were bystanders. The injuries were caused mainly due to bangers (n=47; 40.9%), rockets in bottle (n=28; 24.3%), firecrackers (n=27; 23.5%), and nonspecific reasons (n=13; 11.3%). The children had presented with various severity levels: corneal abrasion (n=52; 44.4%); cataract (n=47;40.2%); penetrating injury (n=40; 34.2%); secondary glaucoma (n=22;18.8%); subluxated lens (n=19;16.2%); limbal stem cell deficiency (n=14;12.0%); Iridodialysis (n=12;10.3%), and vitreous hemorrhage (n=11;9.4%). Management interventions of the eyes under study included: penetrating injury repair (n=40; 34.2%), lens removal plus intraocular lens implantation (n=26; 22.2%), removal of foreign body (n=9; 7.7%). The BCVA after six months was 20/20- 20/60 in 49(41%) cases; 20/70 - 20/200 in 27 (23.1%) cases; <20/200-20/400 in 7 (6%) cases, and <20/400 in 34(29.1%) of the cases. Out of 51.3% eyes with <20/200 before management, only 35% recorded severe visual impairment.Conclusion: Fireworks-related eye injuries were mainly observed in boys primarily due to the use of bangers . Visual disability remained in one-third of the managed cases.
Reciprocal Innovation: A New Approach to Equitable and Mutually Beneficial Global Health Research and Partnership
Authors: Sors Thomas G , O'Brien Rish Chauhan , Scanlon Michael , Bermel Li Yuan , Chikowe Ibrahim , Gardner Adrian , Kiplagat Jepchirchir , Lieberman Marya , Moe Sharon , Soto Nydia Morales , Nyandiko Winstone , Plater David , Rono Betsy Cheriro , Tierney William M , Vreeman Rachel C , Wiehe Sarah E , Wools-Kaloustian Kara , Litzelman Debra K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Global health researchers and partnerships often discount the potential for mutual learning and benefit to address shared health challenges across high and low- and middle-income settings. Drawing from a 30-year partnership called AMPATH that started between Indiana University in the US and Moi University in Kenya, we describe an innovative approach and program for mutual learning and benefit coined “reciprocal innovation.” In this paper, we define reciprocal innovation and identify its core principles with illustrative examples and describe building a reciprocal innovation program established in 2018 at the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CTSI).Results: Reciprocal innovation harnesses a bidirectional, co-constituted, and iterative exchange of ideas, resources, and innovations to address shared health challenges across diverse global settings. The success of the AMPATH partnership in western Kenya, particularly in the areas of HIV/AIDS and community health, resulted in several innovations in Kenya being “brought back” to the US. To facilitate and promote the bidirectional flow of learning and innovations, the Indiana CTSI reciprocal innovation program hosts annual meetings (hosted in Indiana and Kenya) of multinational researchers and practitioners to identify shared health challenges across diverse global settings and facilitate partnership building and collaboration. The program supports pilot grants for projects that demonstrate reciprocal exchange and benefit. The program has produced a wealth of educational materials, including videos, webinars and an online dashboard, to train investigators on reciprocal innovation approaches in global health. Lessons learned in building a reciprocal innovation program include increasing awareness of reciprocal approaches among investigators and in supporting collaboration for global–local research. While many global health investigators have strong collaborators with international partners, a challenge has been partnering with “local” Indiana researchers to create reciprocal learning and benefit. Conclusions: The transformative power of global health to address systemic health inequities embraces equitable and reciprocal partnerships with mutual benefit across countries and communities of academics, practitioners, and policymakers, as demonstrated through a reciprocal innovation approach. Leveraging a long-standing partnership, the Indiana CTSI has built a reciprocal innovation program with promise to redefine global health for shared wellbeing at a truly global scale.
Response of Broiler Chickens to Oral Administration of Ocimum Gratissimum Leaf Extracts
Authors: Egbeyale Lawrence Tokunbo , adegoke Adeola , Ayo-Ajasa Olapeju , Adewole Fatai , Yusuf Abdulbasit , Amusan Tunji , Gbegbin Akintoba , Taylor Samuel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study was carried out on one hundred and ninety-five day-old broiler chicks of cobb500 to study the effect of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extracts on growth performance, blood profile, microbial population in the faecal and gut samples. The chicks were randomly selected into five groups with thirty-nine chicks per group and each group replicated thrice. The groups were: control (synthetic antibiotics), extracts from 200 g fresh leaf, 400 g fresh leaf, 40 g air-dried leaf and 80 g aid-dried leaf per litre of water respectively. Data collected were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance. The growth performance except mortality was similar (P>0.05) across the groups. Albumin, urea, cholesterol, alkaline phosphate and sodium were influenced (P<0.05) at the starter phase while only alkaline phosphate was significantly (P<0.05) highest in birds on 400 g of fresh leaf extract at the finisher phase. Neutrophil was highest (P<0.05) in birds on 400 g of fresh leaf extract while those on 200 g had higher values of lymphocytes and eosinophil at starter phase. At finisher phase, birds on antibiotics and 80 g of air-dried leaf extract had higher (P<0.05) white blood cell. Faecal total microbial population was least (<0.05) in birds on antibiotics and 200 g fresh Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract at starter phase. The study concluded that the adoption of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract as prophylactic treatment against bacteria should be encouraged among poultry farmers.
Antioxidant Activity of Eugenol And Its Acetyl And Nitroderivatives: A DFT Approach of DPPH Test.
Authors: Júnior José Roberval Candido , Romeiro Luiz Antônio Soares , Marinho Emmanuel Silva , Monteiro Norberto de Kássio Viera , de Lima-Neto Pedro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work evaluates the antioxidant potential of acetyl and nitro derivatives of eugenol through computational techniques. Structural analysis and Hydrogen Atomic Transfer (HAT) antioxidant mechanism were investigated by density functional theory (DFT). Each molecular structure was optimized by the hybrid functional M06-2X with a basis set 6-31+G(d,p), and the HAT mechanism with HO, HOO, CH3O, DPPH radicals was evaluated. In agreement with experimental data from previous studies, two steps of hydrogen transfer were tested. Thermodynamic data showed the need for two stages of hydrogen transfer, followed by the formation of quinones to make the reaction with DPPH spontaneous. Theoretical kinetic data showed that the preferred antioxidant site depends on the instability of the attacking radical and confirmed the antioxidant profile of eugenol (E1) and 5-allyl-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol (E5) in the DPPH test. This study shows that the 4-allyl-2-methoxy-(4-nitrophenol) (E4) structure also has an anti-radical activity that is not seen in the experimental due to chemoselectivity of DPPH.
Experimental Validation of Stability and Applicability of Start Growth Time Method For High-Throughput Bacterial Ecotoxicity Assessment.
Authors: Wu Siang Chen , Shih Chang-Chun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ecotoxicity assessments based on bacteria as model organisms is widely used for routine toxicity screening because it has advantages of time-saving, high sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and less ethical responsibility. Determination of ecotoxicity effect via bacterial growth can avoid the restriction of model bacteria selection and unique equipment requirement, but traditional viable cell count methods are relatively labor- and time-intensive. The Start Growth Method (SGT) is a high-throughput and time-conserving method to determine the amount of viable bacterial cells. However, its usability and stability for ecotoxicity assessment are rarely studied. This study confirmed its applicability in terms of bacterial types (gram-positive and gram-negative), growth phases (middle exponential and early stationary phases), and simultaneous existence of dead cells (adjustment by flow cytometry). Our results verified that the stability of establishing SGT correlation is independent of the bacterial type and dead-cell portion. Moreover, we only observed the effect of growth phases on the slope value of established SGT correlation in Shewanella oneidensis, which suggests that preparing inoculum for the SGT method should be consistent in keeping its stability. Our results also elucidate that the SGT values and the live cell percentages meet the non-linear exponential correlation with high correlation coefficients from 0.97 to 0.99 for all the examined bacteria. The non-linear exponential correlation facilitates the application of the SGT method on the ecotoxicity assessment. Finally, applying the exponential SGT correlation to evaluate the ecotoxicity effect of copper ions on E. coli was experimentally validated. The SGT-based method would require about 6 to 7 hours to finish the assessment and obtained an estimated EC50 at 2.27 ± 0.04 mM. This study demonstrates that the exponential SGT correlation can be a high-throughput, time-conversing, and wide-applicable method for bacterial ecotoxicity assessment.
Active And Avoidant Coping Profiles In Children And Their Relationship With Anxiety And Depression During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zhang Qiaochu , Ho Samuel M.Y. , Zhou Yanlin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Active and avoidant coping styles are important dispositional factors for the development of anxiety and depression symptoms. Children use both active and avoidant coping together in daily life. No studies have investigated the relationship between active-avoidant coping profiles and internalizing symptoms of children in the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to investigate children’s active-avoidant coping profiles and assess the relationship of active-avoidant coping profiles to anxiety and depression symptoms in the COVID-19 pandemic. A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted among 322 Chinese children in mainland China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed the Children’s Coping Strategies Checklist – Revised1 in Time 1 and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in Time 1 and 6 months later (Time 2). Four active-avoidant coping profiles were revealed: Low Active copers, High Active copers, Balanced copers, and Avoidant copers. Low and High Active copers were related to lower levels of anxiety and depression symptoms than Balanced copers and Avoidant copers. Avoidant copers showed less decrease in depression symptoms than Balanced copers and High Active copers. It is important to improve children's active-avoidant coping profiles for relieving anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Long-read 16S-seq reveals nasopharynx microbial dysbiosis and enrichment of Mycobacterium and Mycoplasma in COVID-19 patients: A source of co-infection
Authors: Prasad Punit , Mahapatra Soumendu , Mishra Rasmita , Murmu Krushna Chandra , Aggarwal Shifu , Sethi Manisha , Mohapatra Priyanka , Ghosh Arup , Yadav Rina , Dodia Hiren , Ansari Shamima Azma , De Saikat , Singh Deepak , Suryawanshi Amol , Dash Rupesh , Senapati Shantibhushan , Beuria Tushar K. , Chattopadhyay Soma , Syed Gulam Hussain , Swain Rajeeb , Raghav Sunil K. , Parida Ajay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major global health concern. This virus infects the upper respiratory tract and causes pneumonia-like symptoms. So far, few studies have shown alterations in nasopharyngeal (NP) microbial diversity, enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and their role in co-infections during respiratory infections. Therefore, we hypothesized that microbial diversity changes, with increase in the population of opportunistic pathogens, during SARS-CoV2 infection in the nasopharynx which may be involved in co-infection in COVID-19 patients.
Methods
The 16S rRNA variable regions, V1-V9, of NP samples of control and COVID-19 (symptomatic and asymptomatic) patients were sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore™ technology. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis for determining alpha/beta diversities, non-metric multidimensional scaling, correlation studies, canonical correspondence analysis, linear discriminate analysis, and dysbiosis index were used to analyze the control and COVID-19-specific NP microbiomes.
Results
We observed significant dysbiosis in COVID-19 NP microbiome with increase in abundance of opportunistic pathogens at genus and species levels in asymptomatic/symptomatic patients. The significant abundance of Mycobacteria spp. and Mycoplasma spp. in symptomatic patients suggest their association and role in co-infections in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we found strong correlation of enrichment of Mycobacteria and Mycoplasma with the occurrences of chest pain and fever in symptomatic COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion
This is the first study from India to show the abundance of Mycobacteria and Mycoplasma opportunistic pathogens in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients and their relationship with symptoms, indicating the possibility of co-infections.
Old Agents and Novel Variants of Tick-borne Microorganisms From Angola, 2017
Authors: Palomar Ana María , Molina Israel , Bocanegra Cristina , Portillo Aránzazu , Salvador Fernando , Moreno Milagros , Oteo Jose A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study of microorganisms from ticks collected in cattle from Angola is reported herein, demonstrating the circulation of the pathogen R. aeschlimannii and potential novel tick-borne microorganisms with unknown pathogenicity belonging to Ehrlichia, Spiroplasma, Coxiella, Babesia and Francisella spp. and corroborating the presence of Rickettsia africae and Babesia bigemina.
Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival in Patients With Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma After Breast-Conserving Surgery: A Population‐Based Analysis
Authors: Zhao Yuting , Li Shouyu , Yan Lutong , Yang Zejian , Chai Na , Qiu Pei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Huimin , He Jianjun , Zhou Can 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Due to the rarity of invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast, no randomized trial has investigated the prediction of overall survival (OS) for patients with IMPC after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). This study aimed to construct a nomogram for predicting OS in IMPC patients after BCS. Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, 481 eligible cases diagnosed with IMPC were collected. OS in IMPC patients after BCS were assessed through multivariable Cox analyses, Harrell’s concordance indexes (C-indexes), receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) curves, calibration curves, decision curve analyses (DCA), and survival analyses. Results: 336 patients were randomly assigned into training cohort and 145 cases in validation cohort. The multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that age at diagnosis, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, marital status, hormone receptor status and chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors for OS in conservatively operated IMPC patients. The nomogram had a good prediction performance with the C-indices 0.771 (95%CI, 0.712-0.830) and 0.715 (95%CI, 0.603-0.827) in training and validation cohorts, respectively, and good consistency between the predicted and observed probability, with calibration curves plotted and the slope was close to 1. Based on calculation of the model, participants in low-risk group had a better OS in comparison with those in high-risk group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: A nomogram was developed to predict individualized risk of OS for IMPC patients after BCS. By risk stratification, this model is expected to guide treatment decision making in improving long-term follow-up strategies for IMPC patients.
Production and Characterization of High Solid Content Cellulose Nanofibrils from Pretreated Fluff Pulp
Authors: Ponnusamy Prabaharan Graceraj , Sharma Suraj , Mani Sudhagar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The increasing demand for cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) necessitates the development of novel processes to produce high-solid content and consistent quality nanofibrils. In this study, we investigated the combination of mechanical and chemical pretreatment methods (carboxymethylcellulose, CMC dispersion, and sodium hydroxide, NaOH swelling with ball milling) for cellulose fibers followed by high-pressure homogenization to evaluate the CNF characteristics. The carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) dispersion with 75 min ball milling and NaOH swelling with 15, 45, and 75 min ball milling of cellulose slurry reduced the fiber dimensions by up to 90% that eased the fibrillation to produce about 6% solid content CNF during high-pressure homogenization. The characterization of CNF hydrogels produced from pretreated samples revealed that they had an average fibril width of less than 30 nm with good dispersion stability. The CMC dispersion and NaOH swelling with ball milling of cellulose slurry did not significantly affect the chemical structure and the crystallinity of CNF hydrogels. On the other hand, the tensile strength of all the pretreated CNF samples was increased up to 105±14 MPa when compared with that of the control sample (58±6 MPa). NaOH treatment has slightly increased the thermal stability of CNF samples over CMC treated and control samples. In conclusion, short fibers generated by mild alkaline pretreatment with ball milling followed by high-pressure homogenization of cellulose fibers can produce the consistent quality CNF with high solid content and tensile strengths for various industrial applications.