bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Option for Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Using the Xenograft Model
Authors: Garcia Natalia , Ulin Mara , Ali Mohamed , Al-Hendy Ayman , Carvalho Katia Candido , Yang Qiwei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) contributes to a significant proportion of uterine cancer deaths. It is a rare and high-risk gynecological cancer. LMS is challenging to the treatment due to the resistance of several therapies. The activation of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway has been reported in several types of female cancers. Uterine LMS presents an upregulation of the crucial HH signaling pathway members such as SMO and GLI1. Although targeting the HH pathway exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the phenotype of uterine LMS in vitro, the effect of the HH inhibitors on LMS growth in vivo has not been identified. The present study aimed to assess the effect of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (SMO-LDE225 and GLI-Gant61) as a therapeutic option in the xenograft model of uterine LMS. The results demonstrated that LDE225 treatment did not show any inhibitory effect on LMS tumor growth; however, treatment with GLI inhibitor (Gant61) induced a remarkable tumor regression with a significant decrease in Ki67 expression, compared to control (p < 0.01). Moreover, administration of Gant61 decreased the expression of GLI1, GLI target genes BMP4 and c-MYC (p < 0.05), indicating that the HH pathway is implicated in the LMS experimental model. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate for the first time that GLI inhibitor (Gant61), but not SMO inhibitor (LDE225), shows a potent inhibitory effect on LMS tumor growth and concomitantly suppresses the expression of GLI1- and GLI-targeted genes using the xenograft model of uterine LMS.
Simultaneous bilateral transcutaneous bone conduction device implantation: sound localisation and speech perception in children with bilateral conductive hearing loss
Authors: Chen P , Yang L , Yang J , Wang D , Li Y , Zhao C , Liu Y , Gao M , Zhu J , Li S , Zhao S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the audiometric and sound localisation results in patients with conductive hearing loss after bilateral Bonebridge implantation.MethodEight patients with congenital microtia and atresia supplied with bilateral Bonebridge devices were enrolled in this study. Hearing tests and sound localisation were tested under unaided, unilateral and bilateral aided conditions.ResultsMean functional gain was higher with a bilateral fitting than with a unilateral fitting, especially at 1.0–4.0 kHz (p < 0.05, both). The improvement in speech reception threshold in noise with a bilateral fitting was a 2.3 dB higher signal-to-noise ratio compared with unilateral fitting (p < 0.05). Bilateral fitting had better sound localisation than unilateral fitting (p <0.001). Four participants who attended follow up showed improved sound localisation ability after one year.ConclusionPatients demonstrated better hearing threshold, speech reception thresholds in noise and directional hearing with bilateral Bonebridge devices than with a unilateral Bonebridge device. Sound localisation ability with bilateral Bonebridge devices can be improved through long-term training.
Meemi: A simple method for post-processing and integrating cross-lingual word embeddings
Authors: Doval Yerai , Camacho-Collados Jose , Espinosa-Anke Luis , Schockaert Steven 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWord embeddings have become a standard resource in the toolset of any Natural Language Processing practitioner. While monolingual word embeddings encode information about words in the context of a particular language, cross-lingual embeddings define a multilingual space where word embeddings from two or more languages are integrated together. Current state-of-the-art approaches learn these embeddings by aligning two disjoint monolingual vector spaces through an orthogonal transformation which preserves the structure of the monolingual counterparts. In this work, we propose to apply an additional transformation after this initial alignment step, which aims to bring the vector representations of a given word and its translations closer to their average. Since this additional transformation is non-orthogonal, it also affects the structure of the monolingual spaces. We show that our approach both improves the integration of the monolingual spaces and the quality of the monolingual spaces themselves. Furthermore, because our transformation can be applied to an arbitrary number of languages, we are able to effectively obtain a truly multilingual space. The resulting (monolingual and multilingual) spaces show consistent gains over the current state-of-the-art in standard intrinsic tasks, namely dictionary induction and word similarity, as well as in extrinsic tasks such as cross-lingual hypernym discovery and cross-lingual natural language inference.
Mapping Heat Vulnerability Index Based on Different Urbanization Levels in Nebraska, USA
Authors: Jalalzadeh Fard Babak , Mahmood Rezaul , Hayes Michael , Rowe Clinton , Abadi Azar M. , Shulski Martha , Medcalf Sharon , Lookadoo Rachel , Bell Jesse E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHeatwaves cause excess mortality and physiological impacts on humans throughout the world, and climate change will intensify and increase the frequency of heat events. Many adaptation and mitigation studies use spatial distribution of highly vulnerable local populations to inform heat reduction and response plans. However, most available heat vulnerability studies focus on urban areas with high heat intensification by Urban Heat Islands (UHIs). Rural areas encompass different environmental and socioeconomic issues that require alternate analyses of vulnerability. We categorized Nebraska census tracts into four urbanization levels, then conducted factor analyses on each group and captured different patterns of socioeconomic vulnerabilities among resultant Heat Vulnerability Indices (HVIs). While disability is the major component of HVI in two urbanized classes, lower education, and races other than white have higher contributions in HVI for the two rural classes. To account for environmental vulnerability of HVI, we considered different land type combinations for each urban class based on their percentage areas and their differences in heat intensifications. Our results demonstrate different combinations of initial variables in heat vulnerability among urban classes of Nebraska and clustering of high and low heat vulnerable areas within the highest urbanized sections. Less urbanized areas show no spatial clustering of HVI. More studies with separation on urbanization level of residence can give insights into different socioeconomic vulnerability patterns in rural and urban areas, while also identifying changes in environmental variables that better capture heat intensification in rural settings.
Dipole and Nondipole Evolution of the Historical Geomagnetic Field From Instrumental, Archeomagnetic, and Volcanic Data
Authors: Arneitz P. , Leonhardt R. , Egli R. , Fabian K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough a large number of magnetic declination and inclination measurements are available for the historical period from 1400 to 1900 CE, even the evolution of the axial dipole moment, the most prominent quantity of the geomagnetic field, is highly disputed for this time interval. Here, a new iterative Bayesian spherical harmonic model is constructed that combines historical (direct) and archeomagnetic or volcanic (indirect) records to better constrain the geomagnetic field evolution over this historical epoch. The resulting geomagnetic field reconstruction (BIGMUDIh.1) benefits from recently published and revised data for critical periods and regions. The highly variable data uncertainties and qualities are tackled with a weighting and selection scheme. Model uncertainties are mainly controlled by selection criteria applied to indirect intensity records and are estimated using a bootstrapping approach. A major improvement with respect to the established historical model gufm1 consists in the incorporation of archeointensities, which enables a direct estimation of the axial dipole evolution prior to 1840 CE. BIGMUDIh.1 yields a 2 µT (6%) decrease of the axial dipole component between 1500 and 1600 CE, followed by a relatively stable period until 1900 CE. Modeled declinations agree well with historical records and the gufm1 model derived from such records. Furthermore, the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly, driven by reverse flux patches (RFPs) at the core‐mantle boundary, is outlined. Periods of accelerated movement of the northern magnetic dip pole appear to be connected to the formation and changes of RFPs in the Northern Hemisphere.
SARS-CoV-2 immunity and functional recovery of COVID-19 patients 1-year after infection
Authors: Zhan Yan , Zhu Yufang , Wang Shanshan , Jia Shijun , Gao Yunling , Lu Yingying , Zhou Caili , Liang Ran , Sun Dingwen , Wang Xiaobo , Hou Zhibing , Hu Qiaoqiao , Du Peng , Yu Hao , Liu Chang , Cui Miao , Tong Gangling , Zheng Zhihua , Xu Yunsheng , Zhu Linyu , Cheng Jin , Wu Feng , Zheng Yulan , Liu Peijun , Hong Peng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe long-term immunity and functional recovery after SARS-CoV-2 infection have implications in preventive measures and patient quality of life. Here we analyzed a prospective cohort of 121 recovered COVID-19 patients from Xiangyang, China at 1-year after diagnosis. Among them, chemiluminescence immunoassay-based screening showed 99% (95% CI, 98–100%) seroprevalence 10–12 months after infection, comparing to 0.8% (95% CI, 0.7–0.9%) in the general population. Total anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies remained stable since discharge, while anti-RBD IgG and neutralization levels decreased over time. A predictive model estimates 17% (95% CI, 11–24%) and 87% (95% CI, 80–92%) participants were still 50% protected against detectable and severe re-infection of WT SARS-CoV-2, respectively, while neutralization levels against B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants were significantly reduced. All non-severe patients showed normal chest CT and 21% reported COVID-19-related symptoms. In contrast, 53% severe patients had abnormal chest CT, decreased pulmonary function or cardiac involvement and 79% were still symptomatic. Our findings suggest long-lasting immune protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection, while also highlight the risk of immune evasive variants and long-term consequences for COVID-19 survivors.
From calibration to parameter learning: Harnessing the scaling effects of big data in geoscientific modeling
Authors: Tsai Wen-Ping , Feng Dapeng , Pan Ming , Beck Hylke , Lawson Kathryn , Yang Yuan , Liu Jiangtao , Shen Chaopeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe behaviors and skills of models in many geosciences (e.g., hydrology and ecosystem sciences) strongly depend on spatially-varying parameters that need calibration. A well-calibrated model can reasonably propagate information from observations to unobserved variables via model physics, but traditional calibration is highly inefficient and results in non-unique solutions. Here we propose a novel differentiable parameter learning (dPL) framework that efficiently learns a global mapping between inputs (and optionally responses) and parameters. Crucially, dPL exhibits beneficial scaling curves not previously demonstrated to geoscientists: as training data increases, dPL achieves better performance, more physical coherence, and better generalizability (across space and uncalibrated variables), all with orders-of-magnitude lower computational cost. We demonstrate examples that learned from soil moisture and streamflow, where dPL drastically outperformed existing evolutionary and regionalization methods, or required only ~12.5% of the training data to achieve similar performance. The generic scheme promotes the integration of deep learning and process-based models, without mandating reimplementation.
Secondary-structure switch regulates the substrate binding of a YopJ family acetyltransferase
Authors: Xia Yao , Zou Rongfeng , Escouboué Maxime , Zhong Liang , Zhu Chengjun , Pouzet Cécile , Wu Xueqiang , Wang Yongjin , Lv Guohua , Zhou Haibo , Sun Pinghua , Ding Ke , Deslandes Laurent , Yuan Shuguang , Zhang Zhi-Min 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Yersinia outer protein J (YopJ) family effectors are widely deployed through the type III secretion system by both plant and animal pathogens. As non-canonical acetyltransferases, the enzymatic activities of YopJ family effectors are allosterically activated by the eukaryote-specific ligand inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6). However, the underpinning molecular mechanism remains undefined. Here we present the crystal structure of apo-PopP2, a YopJ family member secreted by the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Structural comparison of apo-PopP2 with the InsP6-bound PopP2 reveals a substantial conformational readjustment centered in the substrate-binding site. Combining biochemical and computational analyses, we further identify a mechanism by which the association of InsP6 with PopP2 induces an α-helix-to-β-strand transition in the catalytic core, resulting in stabilization of the substrate recognition helix in the target protein binding site. Together, our study uncovers the molecular basis governing InsP6-mediated allosteric regulation of YopJ family acetyltransferases and further expands the paradigm of fold-switching proteins.
Magnetic topological quantum chemistry
Authors: Elcoro Luis , Wieder Benjamin J. , Song Zhida , Xu Yuanfeng , Bradlyn Barry , Bernevig B. Andrei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor over 100 years, the group-theoretic characterization of crystalline solids has provided the foundational language for diverse problems in physics and chemistry. However, the group theory of crystals with commensurate magnetic order has remained incomplete for the past 70 years, due to the complicated symmetries of magnetic crystals. In this work, we complete the 100-year-old problem of crystalline group theory by deriving the small corepresentations, momentum stars, compatibility relations, and magnetic elementary band corepresentations of the 1,421 magnetic space groups (MSGs), which we have made freely accessible through tools on the Bilbao Crystallographic Server. We extend Topological Quantum Chemistry to the MSGs to form a complete, real-space theory of band topology in magnetic and nonmagnetic crystalline solids – Magnetic Topological Quantum Chemistry (MTQC). Using MTQC, we derive the complete set of symmetry-based indicators of electronic band topology, for which we identify symmetry-respecting bulk and anomalous surface and hinge states.
Finger sweat analysis enables short interval metabolic biomonitoring in humans
Authors: Brunmair Julia , Gotsmy Mathias , Niederstaetter Laura , Neuditschko Benjamin , Bileck Andrea , Slany Astrid , Feuerstein Max Lennart , Langbauer Clemens , Janker Lukas , Zanghellini Jürgen , Meier-Menches Samuel M. , Gerner Christopher 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetabolic biomonitoring in humans is typically based on the sampling of blood, plasma or urine. Although established in the clinical routine, these sampling procedures are often associated with a variety of compliance issues, which are impeding time-course studies. Here, we show that the metabolic profiling of the minute amounts of sweat sampled from fingertips addresses this challenge. Sweat sampling from fingertips is non-invasive, robust and can be accomplished repeatedly by untrained personnel. The sweat matrix represents a rich source for metabolic phenotyping. We confirm the feasibility of short interval sampling of sweat from the fingertips in time-course studies involving the consumption of coffee or the ingestion of a caffeine capsule after a fasting interval, in which we successfully monitor all known caffeine metabolites as well as endogenous metabolic responses. Fluctuations in the rate of sweat production are accounted for by mathematical modelling to reveal individual rates of caffeine uptake, metabolism and clearance. To conclude, metabotyping using sweat from fingertips combined with mathematical network modelling shows promise for broad applications in precision medicine by enabling the assessment of dynamic metabolic patterns, which may overcome the limitations of purely compositional biomarkers.
Disordered breathing in a Pitt-Hopkins syndrome model involves Phox2b-expressing parafacial neurons and aberrant Nav1.8 expression
Authors: Cleary C. M. , James S. , Maher B. J. , Mulkey D. K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare autism spectrum-like disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delays, and breathing problems involving episodes of hyperventilation followed by apnea. PTHS is caused by functional haploinsufficiency of the gene encoding transcription factor 4 (Tcf4). Despite the severity of this disease, mechanisms contributing to PTHS behavioral abnormalities are not well understood. Here, we show that a Tcf4 truncation (Tcf4tr/+) mouse model of PTHS exhibits breathing problems similar to PTHS patients. This behavioral deficit is associated with selective loss of putative expiratory parafacial neurons and compromised function of neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus that regulate breathing in response to tissue CO2/H+. We also show that central Nav1.8 channels can be targeted pharmacologically to improve respiratory function at the cellular and behavioral levels in Tcf4tr/+ mice, thus establishing Nav1.8 as a high priority target with therapeutic potential in PTHS.
Memristor-based biomimetic compound eye for real-time collision detection
Authors: Wang Yan , Gong Yue , Huang Shenming , Xing Xuechao , Lv Ziyu , Wang Junjie , Yang Jia-Qin , Zhang Guohua , Zhou Ye , Han Su-Ting 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) is the movement-sensitive, wide-field visual neuron positioned in the third visual neuropile of lobula. LGMD neuron can anticipate collision and trigger avoidance efficiently owing to the earlier occurring firing peak before collision. Vision chips inspired by the LGMD have been successfully implemented in very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) system. However, transistor-based chips and single devices to simulate LGMD neurons make them bulky, energy-inefficient and complicated. The devices with relatively compact structure and simple operation mode to mimic the escape response of LGMD neuron have not been realized yet. Here, the artificial LGMD visual neuron is implemented using light-mediated threshold switching memristor. The non-monotonic response to light flow field originated from the formation and break of Ag conductive filaments is analogue to the escape response of LGMD neuron. Furthermore, robot navigation with obstacle avoidance capability and biomimetic compound eyes with wide field-of-view (FoV) detection capability are demonstrated.
Health effects of selected trace elements in hairdressing cosmetics on hairdressers in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Eneh Onyenekenwa Cyprian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCould trace elements in hairdressing cosmetics prove carcinogenic to hairdressers, who use them regularly as raw materials in hairdressing business? The toxic effects of selected trace elements contained in hairdressing cosmetics on hairdressers were investigated by regressing the quality of life values for hairdressers with their blood/urine levels of the toxic metals A hundred subjects were randomly drawn from a cluster of hairdressers. Blood lead level, 17.47 ± 4.59 µg/dL, confirmed that the hairdressers were regularly exposed to lead. Mean blood mercury level, 25.06 ± 4.11 ng/dL, was above the normal blood mercury concentration of less than 10–20 ng/mL. Mean blood cadmium level, 3.64 ± 1.87 µg/dL, was within the normal range, < 5.0 µg/dL. Mean urine arsenic level, 96.16 ± 38.34 µg/L, was above normal range, ≤ 50 μg/dL, but within high normal range, > 50 to < 200 μg/dL. Blood nickel level, 0.49 ± 0.20 µg/dL, was above both the healthy range, 0.14–0.65 µg/dL, and the most reliable value of 0.2 µg/dL. Negative correlations existed between the quality of life and levels for lead (R = − .017), mercury (R = − .008), arsenic (R = − .072) and nickel (R = − .168), but there was positive correlation with cadmium level (R = .123). At 0.096, the probability value (p value) for nickel was significant at 10%. P value as insignificant at 1%, 5% and 10% for lead (0.868), mercury (0.940), cadmium (0.224) and arsenic (0.475). Therefore, Ni contained in hairdressing cosmetics might have carcinogenic effects that affected the quality of life of hairdressers, unlike other trace elements tested, namely, lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic. Further research with the tumor markers assessment is recommended to confirm the carcinogenic effect of Ni.
Sulphate-reducing bacterial community structure from produced water of the Periquito and Galo de Campina onshore oilfields in Brazil
Authors: Tiburcio Samyra Raquel Gonçalves , Macrae Andrew , Peixoto Raquel Silva , da Costa Rachid Caio Tavora Coelho , Mansoldo Felipe Raposo Passos , Alviano Daniela Sales , Alviano Celuta Sales , Ferreira Davis Fernandes , de Queiroz Venâncio Fabrício , Ferreira Doneivan Fernandes , Vermelho Alane Beatriz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) cause fouling, souring, corrosion and produce H2S during oil and gas production. Produced water obtained from Periquito (PQO) and Galo de Campina (GC) onshore oilfields in Brazil was investigated for SRB. Produced water with Postgate B, Postgate C and Baars media was incubated anaerobically for 20 days. DNA was extracted, 16S rDNA PCR amplified and fragments were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq. 4.2 million sequence reads were analysed and deposited at NCBI SAR accession number SRP149784. No significant differences in microbial community composition could be attributed to the different media but significant differences in the SRB were observed between the two oil fields. The dominant bacterial orders detected from both oilfields were Desulfovibrionales, Pseudomonadales and Enterobacteriales. The genusPseudomonaswas found predominantly in the GC oilfield andPleomorphominasandShewanellawere features of the PQO oilfield. 11% and 7.6% of the sequences at GC and PQO were not classified at the genus level but could be partially identified at the order level. Relative abundances changed forDesulfovibriofrom 29.8% at PQO to 16.1% at GC.Clostridiumvaried from 2.8% at PQO and 2.4% at GC. These data provide the first description of SRB from onshore produced water in Brazil and reinforce the importance of Desulfovibrionales, Pseudomonadales, and Enterobacteriales in produced water globally. Identifying potentially harmful microbes is an important first step in developing microbial solutions that prevent their proliferation.