bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of different image guidance schedules in head and neck irradiation: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Bhatia Jatin Vinod , Kothavade Vikas Digambar , Ramachandran Vinoth Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveIs daily image‐guided radiation therapy justified for all patients? Here, we attempt to address this issue and present data obtained from various frequencies.MethodsAll consecutive head and neck cancer patients receiving radiation with curative intent and daily image‐guided radiation therapy using kV cone beam computed tomography scans were eligible. Displacements in the medial–lateral, superior–inferior (SI), and anterior–posterior directions were documented daily. The retrospectively simulated scenarios with reducing frequency were 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. The mean displacements, systematic errors, random errors, and planning target volume margins were calculated.ResultsA total of 831 cone beam computed tomography scans of 31 patients were analyzed, showing normally distributed mean displacements in the medial–lateral, SI, and anterior–posterior direction, except in SI for daily format. The mean displacements in the three directions was <0.1 cm, reflected in the systematic errors (<0.2 cm). In the SI direction, the random errors for daily format were 0.7 cm and 0.2 cm for simulated scenarios; these differences were demonstrated in planning target volume margin calculation, 1 cm in the SI direction based on daily data, and 0.5 cm based on simulated scenarios. The margin estimation was similar in the other directions for all formats.ConclusionThe errors were similar across all scenarios, inconclusive of superiority for any schedule; however, a higher random error was observed with daily format in the SI direction. Our findings further validate the need for more data to determine the optimum image‐guided radiation therapy frequency.
Evaluation of hepatic findings by magnetic resonance after use of gadoxetic acid
Authors: de Almeida Marina Cabral , Netto Raphael Oliveira Ramos Franco , de Melo João Italo Fortaleza , Fernandes Victor Augusto Ramos , Manfredini Rebecca Corrêa , Dutra Luiz Dias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of post‐contrast sequences using a hepatospecific contrast medium (gadoxetic acid) in patients with suspected liver nodules or masses, and to identify and describe the main findings in these images.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study with 67 outpatients, who underwent abdominal magnetic resonance examination with injection of disodium gadoxetate to investigate suspicious nodules or masses. The patients were submitted to the examination on medical request.ResultsThe mean age was 41 ± 11.59 years. The most frequent histological types were focal nodular hyperplasia (31.3%), hemangioma (31.3%), and adenoma (22.4%). In focal nodular hyperplasia and adenoma, there was a greater distribution of hypointense and hyperintense enhancement in the pre‐contrast phase. Isointense enhancement was much more prevalent in the arterial, portal, equilibrium, and hepatobiliary phases 15–20. In hemangiomas, hypointense enhancement was prominent in all phases.ConclusionBased on the behavior of liver injuries in this study after the use of the substance studied, it allowed for a better characterization of liver injuries, which can contribute to the medical practice at the time of clinical diagnosis.
A novel sustained‐release cysteamine bitartrate formulation for the treatment of cystinosis: Pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Berends Cécile L. , Pagan Lisa , van Esdonk Michiel J. , Klarenbeek Naomi B. , Bergmann Kirsten R. , Moerland Matthijs , van der Wel Vincent , de Visser Saco J. , Büller Hans , de Loos Frans , de Vries Wouter S. , Waals Hans , de Leede Leo G. J. , Burggraaf Jacobus , Kamerling Ingrid M. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe strict intake regimen of cysteamine bitartrate formulations, associated with side effects, is a concern for the treatment compliance in cystinosis therapy. Therefore, there is a need for a cysteamine formulation with an improved pharmacokinetic profile. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of a new sustained‐release cysteamine dosage form, PO‐001, in healthy volunteers. This was a randomized, investigator‐blinded, three‐way cross‐over study to compare single doses (600 mg) of PO‐001 with Cystagon® (immediate‐release) and Procysbi® (delayed‐release). Collected blood samples were analyzed for plasma cysteamine concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by noncompartmental analysis. In addition, plasma cysteamine concentrations were analyzed using a population pharmacokinetic approach using NONMEM®. Pharmacokinetics showed clear sustained‐release characteristics of PO‐001 over time with a lower Cmax and longer Tmax compared to Cystagon® and Procysbi®. All treatment‐emergent adverse events were of mild severity, with the exception of two subjects who reported moderate severity gastrointestinal problems including vomiting and diarrhea, which were related to Cystagon® intake. Population PK simulations showed a favourable PK profile based on Cmax and Ctrough concentrations at steady state. In conclusion, a single dose of 600 mg PO‐001 was well tolerated with no findings of clinical concern. This new cysteamine bitartrate formulation showed pharmacokinetics of a sustained‐release formulation, which may be beneficial for the treatment of cystinosis patients. This study supports advancing this type of sustained‐release formulation into a subsequent study to confirm reduced dosing frequency with efficient control of white blood cells (WBCs) cystine levels. Netherlands Trial Registry (NTR) (NL67638.056.18).
A stable polyamine‐modified zein‐based nanoformulation with high foliar affinity and lowered toxicity for sustained avermectin release
Authors: Chen Long , Lin Yuanxiong , Zhou Hongjun , Hao Li , Chen Huayao , Zhou Xinhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDA large amount of pesticides that are not deposited on desired locations due to drift and rolling, endangering the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop environmentally friendly and foliar affinity formulations. The design and construction of pesticide nano‐delivery system is considered to be an effective way to solve this problem.RESULTSIn this research, polyamine‐modified zein (AM‐zein) was synthesized by incorporating ethylenediamine‐terminated polyethyleneimine into zein to improve its stability as a nanocarrier, enhance electrostatic force between the carrier and pesticides and plant foliage. Avermectin (AVM)‐loaded nanoparticles, containing a high positive charge, were prepared by the anti‐solvent method using AM‐zein as carrier. The nanoparticles can be stored for 30 days without any significant change in the particle size and stably dispersed at pH 5–9. Compared to the commercial emulsifiable concentrate (EC), nanoparticles dispersions exhibited better leaf affinity, and the retention of dispersion increased from 7.82 to 13.86 mg/cm2. Interestingly, we have discovered for the first time that the ultraviolet (UV) barrier effect of zein increases while prolonging the UV exposure time; 30.47% of the encapsulated AVM remained intact after exposure to UV for 60 min, compared to only 17.13% for the EC. Insecticidal activity of AVM nanoparticles did not improve compared to EC, but they demonstrated significantly lower toxicity against zebrafish.CONCLUSIONThis research opens up a new idea for improving the stability of zein nanoparticles, providing a novel path to deliver pesticides efficiently and eco‐friendly. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Environmental and spatial drivers of oligochaeta metacommunities structure along the Paraguay‐Paraná fluvial system
Authors: Saigo Miguel , Marchese Mercedes R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe metacommunity theory is a framework that explains the interdependence of local factors and regional processes as community drivers. In rivers, it has been hypothesized that the metacommunity structure and the relative importance of dispersal and local environmental conditions may vary from headwaters toward lowlands. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the benthic metacommunity structure along the longitudinal dimension of the Paraguay‐Paraná system, and (2) to assess the relative importance of dispersal (spatial structure) and niche‐based processes as drivers of these structures. We used data of oligochaetes assemblages in the studied system and analyzed the Elements of Metacommunity Structure in different river sections. Moreover, we performed a variance partitioning analysis to determine the relative importance of spatial and environmental variables. In the upper section, we found a gradient structure (Gleasonian) and in the lower section we found random and quasi‐Clementsian structures. Similarly, environmental variables were the main structuring factor in the upper section while spatial variables were more important in the delta. The present study provides evidence that metacommunity structure and the underlying mechanisms that shape it, change along the longitudinal dimension of a large South American River. However, we emphasize the necessity of further studies assessing other taxonomic groups and other large South American Rivers.
A hybrid solution proposal for precast tunnel segments
Authors: Trabucchi Ivan , Smarslik Mario , Tiberti Giuseppe , Petraroia Diego N. , Plizzari Giovanni A. , Mark Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe construction of underground structures is playing a relevant role in modern society. As a result of noticeable tunnel boring machine (TBM) evolution, mechanized excavation methods are gaining increased market shares. TBM driven tunnels are generally used in combination with precast concrete segments as the main support system for reducing or minimizing surface disturbances during construction and to fulfill the project requirements with regards to quality, construction times, budget and safety. Within this framework optimization approaches strongly focused on these process parameters, rather than the general structural performance of the segments. However, improving the performance by using conventional reinforcement, High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concretes (HPFRCs) or a combination of such enables a possible reduction of the lining thickness or the amount of reinforcement. To this aim, this paper presents a new hybrid solution for precast tunnel segments with a reduced thickness, which leads to new perspectives in reducing the total amount of concrete, in decreasing the volume of disposal materials from the boring process as well as to minimize the TBM size. A parametric numerical study is developed for evaluating the effectiveness of proposed hybrid solution. The latter is based on high strength reinforced concrete in combination with HPFRC at the longitudinal joints, whose geometric configuration is properly modified to maximize the segment's bearing capacity.
Ligand Effects in Low‐Valent Co(I) Clathrochelate Complexes
Authors: Planes Ophélie Marie , Scopelliti Rosario , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Severin Kay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClathrochelate complexes of cobalt are known in the oxidation states I, II, and III. Low‐valent Co(I) complexes are highly reactive compounds, and there is only limited knowledge about their structures in the solid state. Herein, we describe the crystallographic analyses of three low‐valent clathrochelate complexes, along with analyses of the corresponding Co(II) precursors. Two different ligand environments were studied: a) ligands with alkyl substituents, which render the complexes highly reducing, and b) potentially redox non‐innocent ligands. Our analyses show that the ligands have a large effect on the redox potentials, but only a small effect on the geometry and the electronic state of the central Co ion.
Uncertainties in Rainfall and Water Resources in Maghreb Countries Under Climate Change
Authors: Meddi Mohamed , Eslamian Saeid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe vulnerability of the climate change in the South of the Mediterranean’s south regions varies depending on the part of their climate which is sensitive to the economy. In Tunisia, agriculture represents 16% of the workforce and 12% of GDP in 2006. In Algeria, agriculture represents 20% of the workforce and 8% of GDP in 2009. In Morocco, agriculture accounts for 40% of the workforce and 17.7% of GDP in 2006. The agriculture is directly related to the availability of water which in turn is directly related to rainfall. The drought has affected all countries of the Maghreb. It is considered the most severe in the history of these countries. The drought has forced the agricultural sector in Morocco to the limitation of annual crops which are not needed, the prohibition of any new tree planting and the ban on vegetable crops in dry years. During the years 1987, 1988, and 1989, Tunisia has experienced the most critical drought. It led to a water deficit of around 30%. For Morocco the rainfall shows a negative trend at national and regional scales, and spring rainfall has declined by over 40% since the 1960s. For Algeria, the western region has recorded a considerable reduction in rainfall. The winter rains have decreased between 40% and 70%. Contributions to dams have decreased between 30% and 50%. These changes had a negative influence on the water resource and crop yield. Many programs have been initiated since then to meet the growing demand.
Developing the Relationship Management Upper Mid-Range Theory
Authors: Deszczyński Bartosz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents the final proposal of the RM maturity model and proposes a robust framework for the upper RM mid-range theory. The first section synthesizes and explains the mutual connections of distinct RM activities and approaches of an RM-mature firm. A quick test for RM maturity is proposed. The second section introduces the notion of an RM niche, which is needed to explain why moderate proficiency in RM yields no significant advantages and why the relationship between what a company does in terms of RM and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage is highly curvilinear. The universal factors that determine the size of an RM niche and thus the size and scope of RM-mature firms are proposed and discussed. The third section provides eight examples of companies illustrating different facets of RM ‘in motion’ and serves as supplementary qualitative material to study the diverse challenges in managing relationships.
Text und Kontext
Authors: Bednorz David 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGesamtüberblick: Die vorliegende Arbeit forciert die Analyse von Texten und die damit in Verbindung stehenden rezeptiven Prozesse. Entsprechend sind eine Klärung und Erörterung des Begriffs Text für den Mathematikunterricht notwendig. Bei der Definition, was als Text verstanden wird, ergeben sich unterschiedliche Kriterien aus der Literatur, die verschiedene Facetten des Begriffs Text aufgreifen (Abschnitt 3.1).
Zielsetzung und Methoden der Studie
Authors: Bednorz David 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGesamtüberblick: Das sich aus dem theoretischen Teil ergebene Forschungsinteresse leitet zur Entwicklung eines Instruments zur sprachlichen Variation von Textaufgaben hin, das auf empirisch festgestellten Variationen basiert und spezifische Zielsetzungen verfolgt. Unter der Maßgabe der Entwicklung des Instruments ergeben sich ein auf die Zielsetzung ausgerichtetes Studiendesign und eine Auswahl an Methoden, um das Instrument zu konzeptualisieren. Unter Rückbeziehung des gewählten Verfahrens auf die in der Theorie gegebenen Ansätze, die die Basis für die empirische Studien bilden, ergeben sich Aspekte, die für die empirische Analyse von sprachlichen Variationen zu beachten sind.
Erste quantitative Studie
Authors: Bednorz David 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGesamtüberblick: Die erste quantitative Studie verfolgt die in Abschnitt 6.1 genannte dritte Zielsetzung, die Bildung von Faktoren, die die systematischen Variationen der Textmerkmale abbilden. Für das Vorgehen wird zur Analyse der Textmerkmale ein auf die erste quantitative Studie ausgerichtetes Auswertungsverfahren verwendet. Für die Auswertung wird, wie in Abschnitt 4.4 geschildert, ein korpusbasierter Ansatz genutzt und für die empirische Analyse spezifiziert.
Topological or rotational non-Abelian gauge fields from Einstein-Skyrme holography
Authors: Cartwright Casey , Harms Benjamin , Kaminski Matthias 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We report analytically known states at non-zero temperature which may serve as a powerful tool to reveal common topological and thermodynamic properties of systems ranging from the QCD phase diagram to topological phase transitions in condensed matter materials. In the holographically dual gravity theory, these are analytic solutions to a five-dimensional non-linear-sigma (Skyrme) model dynamically coupled to Einstein gravity. This theory is shown to be holographically dual to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super-Yang-Mills theory coupled to an SU(2)-current. All solutions are fully backreacted asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black branes or holes. One family of global AdS black hole solutions contains non-Abelian gauge field configurations with positive integer Chern numbers and finite energy density. Larger Chern numbers increase the Hawking-Page transition temperature. In the holographically dual field theory this indicates a significant effect on the deconfinement phase transition. Black holes with one Hawking temperature can have distinct Chern numbers, potentially enabling topological transitions. A second family of analytic solutions, rotating black branes, is also provided. These rotating solutions induce states with propagating charge density waves in the dual field theory. We compute the Hawking temperature, entropy density, angular velocity and free energy for these black holes/branes. These correspond to thermodynamic data in the dual field theory. For these states the energy-momentum tensor, (non-)conserved current, and topological charge are interpreted.
Blocks and vortices in the 3d ADHM quiver gauge theory
Authors: Crew Samuel , Dorey Nick , Zhang Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the hemisphere partition function of a three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric U(N) gauge theory with one adjoint and one fundamental hypermultiplet — the ADHM quiver theory. In particular, we propose a distinguished set of UV boundary conditions which yield Verma modules of the quantised chiral rings of the Higgs and Coulomb branches. In line with a recent proposal by two of the authors in collaboration with M. Bullimore, we show explicitly that the hemisphere partition functions recover the characters of these modules in two limits, and realise blocks gluing exactly to the partition functions of the theory on closed three-manifolds. We study the geometry of the vortex moduli space and investigate the interpretation of the vortex partition functions as equivariant indices of quasimaps to the Hilbert scheme of points in ℂ2. We also investigate half indices of the ADHM quiver gauge theory in the presence of a line operator and discuss their geometric interpretation. Along the way we find interesting relations between our hemisphere blocks and related quantities in topological string theory and equivariant quantum K-theory.
Is SMEFT enough?
Authors: Cohen Timothy , Craig Nathaniel , Lu Xiaochuan , Sutherland Dave 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere are two canonical approaches to treating the Standard Model as an Effective Field Theory (EFT): Standard Model EFT (SMEFT), expressed in the electroweak symmetric phase utilizing the Higgs doublet, and Higgs EFT (HEFT), expressed in the broken phase utilizing the physical Higgs boson and an independent set of Goldstone bosons. HEFT encompasses SMEFT, so understanding whether SMEFT is sufficient motivates identifying UV theories thatrequireHEFT as their low energy limit. This distinction is complicated by field redefinitions that obscure the naive differences between the two EFTs. By reformulating the question in a geometric language, we derive concrete criteria that can be used to distinguish SMEFT from HEFT independent of the chosen field basis. We highlight two cases where perturbative new physics must be matched onto HEFT: (i) the new particles derive all of their mass from electroweak symmetry breaking, and (ii) there are additional sources of electroweak symmetry breaking. Additionally, HEFT has a broader practical application: it can provide a more convergent parametrization when new physics lies near the weak scale. The ubiquity of models requiring HEFT suggests that SMEFT is not enough.
Printable anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors for highly compliant electronics
Authors: Oliveros Mata Eduardo Sergio , Cañón Bermúdez Gilbert Santiago , Ha Minjeong , Kosub Tobias , Zabila Yevhen , Fassbender Jürgen , Makarov Denys 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrinted electronics are attractive due to their low-cost and large-area processing features, which have been successfully extended to magnetoresistive sensors and devices. Here, we introduce and characterize a new kind of magnetoresistive paste based on the anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) effect. The paste is a composite of 100-nm-thick permalloy/tantalum flakes embedded in an elastomer matrix, which promotes the formation of appropriately conductive percolation networks. Sensors printed with this paste showed stable magnetoresistive properties upon mechanical bending. The AMR value of this sensor is $$0.34\%$$

0.34
%

in the field of 400 mT. Still, the response is stable and allows to resolve sub-mT field steps. When printed on ultra-thin 2.5-$$\upmu \hbox {m}$$

μ
m

-thick Mylar foil, the sensor can be completely folded without losing magnetoresistive performance and mechanically withstand $$20\, \upmu {\hbox {m}}$$

20

μ
m

bending radius. The developed compliant printed AMR sensor would be attractive to implement on curved and/or dynamic bendable surfaces for on-skin applications and interactive printed electronics.
High range of motion in the first ten postoperative days after TKA does not predict superior outcome in the long run
Authors: Köglberger Paul , Wurm Alexander , Coraça-Huber Débora , Krismer Martin , Oberaigner Wilhelm , Liebensteiner Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
To retrospectively investigate the early postoperative range of motion (ROM) (days 4, 7, 10) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to test for associations (a) with long-term outcome in terms of ROM and (b) with a disease-specific knee score.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis was performed in patients with previous primary TKA. Data taken from the medical records were ROM from preoperative and postoperative days 4, 7 and 10 and 1 year. As patient-reported outcome the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC Score) was taken from preoperative and one year after TKA.

Results
316 patients (330 knees) were available. Only negligible correlations were determined between ROM at twelve months postoperative and ROM in the early postoperative days (days 4, 7, 10). Similarly, only negligible correlations were determined between ROM in the early postoperative days (days 4, 7, 10) and the 1-year WOMAC.

Conclusion
From the main findings it would seem that steepness of ROM ascent in the early postoperative days is of minor importance for (a) long-term ROM and (b) long-term knee score outcome after TKA.