bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts by feral goats on critically endangered Crepidiastrum grandicollum (Compositae) endemic to the Ogasawara Islands
Authors: Abe Tetsuto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOceanic islands are biodiversity hotspots with highly endemic ecosystems that are vulnerable to invasive alien species. Understanding the status of endangered species and identifying threats have the highest priority for insular biodiversity conservation. The two remaining populations of endangered Crepidiastrum grandicollum on Chichi‐jima Island were studied for 5 years to describe their status and evaluate the impacts of feral goats (Capra hircus). The main cause of population decline was browsing by goats. The populations protected by the exclosures were stable but declined after an exclosure was removed. Even in the protected population, regeneration was limited outside the exclosures and in 1 year of the survey, a high proportion of feeding damage by moth larvae was observed in one population. These facts indicate that exclosures are not a sufficient conservation measure, and eradication of goats and population restoration in novel habitats are necessary to reduce the extinction risk of C. grandicollum.
Post‐transcriptional regulation is involved in the cold‐active methanol‐based methanogenic pathway of a psychrophilic methanogen
Authors: Jia Jia , Li Jie , Qi Lei , Li Lingyan , Yue Lei , Dong Xiuzhu 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe methanol‐derived methanogenetic pathway contributes to bulk methane production in cold regions, but the cold adaptation mechanisms are obscure. This work investigated the mechanisms using a psychrophilic methylotrophic methanogen Methanolobus psychrophilus R15. R15 possesses two mtaCB operon paralogues‐encoding methanol:corrinoid methyltransferase that is key to methanol‐based methanogenesis. Molecular combined methanogenic assays determined that MtaC1 is important in methanogenesis at the optimal temperature of 18°C, but MtaC2 can be a cold‐adaptive paralogue by highly upregulated at 8°C. The 5′P‐seq and 5′RACE all assayed that processing occurred at the 5′ untranslated region (5′‐UTR) of mtaC2; reporter genes detected higher protein expression, and RNA half‐life experiments assayed prolonged lifespan of the processed transcript. Therefore, mtaC2 5′‐UTR processing to move the bulged structure elevated both the translation efficiency and transcript stability. 5′P‐seq, quantitative RT‐PCR and northern blot all identified enhanced mtaC2 5′‐UTR processing at 8°C, which could contribute to the upregulation of mtaC2 at cold. The R15 cell extract contains an endoribonuclease cleaving an identified 10 nt‐processing motif and the native mtaC2 5′‐UTR particularly folded at 8°C. Therefore, this study revealed a 5′‐UTR processing mediated post‐transcriptional regulation mechanism controlling the cold‐adaptive methanol‐supported methanogenetic pathway, which may be used by other methylotrophic methanogens.
Does corporate culture matter to earnings management? Evidence from Chinese Time‐honoured Brand firms
Authors: Saci Fateh , Jasimuddin Sajjad M. , Hoque Ariful 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on the earnings management and the culture of China Time‐honoured Brand. It shows that the accrual earnings management and real earnings management of China Time‐honoured Brand are significantly lower than other enterprises. The transmission mechanism between culture and corporate earnings management comes from the executives' culture infiltration. Property rights and incentive compatibility have significant moderating effect on the relationship between China Time‐honoured Brand and earnings management. From the quantitative point of view, this paper supplements the function of China Time‐honoured Brand culture in overcoming the problem of corporate information distortion and points out also the transmission mechanism and adjustment factors. On the one hand, it helps to deepen the understanding of the cultural factor and corporate financial behaviour, and on the other hand, it provides the direct evidence about the influence of Chinese excellent traditional culture to the small companies. The article helps to understand the relationship between traditional culture, corporate culture and corporate financial behaviour and its mechanism of action, which has an important practical significance.
Scotland’s Faltering Green Industrial Revolution
Authors: Gibbs Ewan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRenewable energy has long been central to SNP policy making and Scottish independence. During the 2014 referendum, green electricity generation was presented as a means for Scotland to achieve ‘reindustrialisation’. Despite a world‐leading transition in electricity supply, the Scottish government has struggled to develop renewables manufacturing. Scotland’s largest offshore engineering company, BiFab, entered administration in 2020. This article explains the faltering of Scotland’s green industrial revolution. First, it assesses renewables’ privileged place in SNP perspectives, underlining its deep roots in North Sea oil and criticisms of British governments’ mismanagement of offshore opportunities. Second, the failure of market‐led policy making to provide the anticipated industrial benefits from offshore wind developments is explained through the domineering role of foreign state‐owned enterprises and global supply chains in the UK’s renewables sector. The conclusion argues that older nationalist perspectives offer remedies, but these require a more active industrial policy that diverges from the current approach of the Scottish Government.
Latent Class Modelling for a Robust Assessment of Productivity: Application to French Grazing Livestock Farms
Authors: Dakpo K Hervé , Latruffe Laure , Desjeux Yann , Jeanneaux Philippe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOur objective is to extend the latent class stochastic frontier (LCSFM) model to compute productivity change, using the robust transitive productivity Färe‐Primont index. The application is to three types of grazing livestock farms in France over the period 2002–2016. The LCSFM identified two classes of farms, intensive farms and extensive farms. Results indicate that productivity change and its components show only small differences between the LCSFM and the pooled model that does not account for heterogeneity. Differences across classes exist, but depend on farm type.
New perspective toward nutritional support for malnourished cancer patients: Role of lipids
Authors: Wang Yandan , Zhang Tao , Liu Ruijie , Chang Ming , Wei Wei , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo improve the difficulties related to malnutrition, nutritional support has become an essential part of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment for cancer. Lipids are essential nutrient source for the human body, and nowadays in clinical practices, it has a positive interventional effect on patients suffering from cancer. However, contribution of lipids in nutritional support of cancer patients is still poorly understood. Moreover, the sensory and physicochemical properties of lipids can severely restrict their applications in lipid‐rich formula foods. In this review article, for the first time, we have presented a summary of the existing studies which were related to the associations between different lipids and improved malnutrition in cancer patients and discussed possible mechanisms. Subsequently, we discussed the challenges and effective solutions during processing of lipids into formula foods. Further, by considering existing problems in current lipid nutritional support, we proposed a novel method for the treatment of malnutrition, including developing individualized lipid nutrition for different patients depending on the individual's genotype and enterotype. Nonetheless, this review study provides a new direction for future research on nutritional support and the development of lipid‐rich formula foods for cancer patients, and probably will help to improve the efficacy of lipids in the treatment of cancer malnutrition.
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction and modification of plant‐based proteins: Impact on physicochemical, functional, and nutritional properties
Authors: Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Lamsal Buddhi P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUltrasonication is a green technology that has recently received an enormous research attention for extraction of plant‐based proteins and tailoring the functionalities of these ingredients. Ultrasonication is generally used as a pretreatment method in the conventional protein solubilization protocols because it can break the cell matrix to improve the extractability. The rate of protein extraction and increase in the extraction yields depend on operating conditions such as sonic energy density, time of sonication, the substrate to slurry ratio, agitation, and so on. Ultrasonication is also applied to modify the physical, structural, and functional properties of protein‐based ingredients, besides simultaneous extraction and modifications. Significant changes that occur in protein physical properties due to sonication include size reduction, rheology, electrical conductivity, and zeta (ζ) potential. These changes are due to cavitation‐induced shear leading to changes in secondary and tertiary structures, including protein aggregation and cross‐linking due to oxidation. Physical and structural changes affect the resulting ingredient functionality and nutritional quality of protein. Changes in the functional properties, especially hydrophobicity, solubility, emulsion, and foaming, depend on the extent of ultrasound energy applied to the protein. This study aims to review major ultrasound process parameters and conditions for extraction and modification of plant proteins and their impact on protein structural changes and resulting physicochemical, functional, and nutritional properties.
William Stubbs, Parliament and the Medieval English Constitution
Authors: Dodd Gwilym 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe name of William Stubbs will forever be associated with the birth of modern scholarship on the late medieval English parliament. At the core of his Constitutional History, a three‐volume work published in the 1870s, is a brilliant synthesis of the development of the early parliament. Since its publication, however, Stubbs's work has generated varied reactions, as scholars have positioned themselves at different points on a sliding scale of praise through to criticism; that is, between praising the Constitutional History for its depth of scholarship and pioneering methodologies, on the one hand, to criticising the work for its present‐minded approach and whiggish agenda, on the other. The aim of this discussion is to strike a balance between these two extremes. While it acknowledges the undoubted flaws of Stubbs's narrative, it also argues for a more nuanced and holistic approach to his work. It suggests that the taint of whiggism has for too long acted as a barrier to a true appreciation of the scholarly merit of the work, merit that extends beyond simply acknowledging its ambition, originality and legacy. The discussion considers some key areas of parliamentary development between c.1290 and c.1406 and notes the continued synergies that exist between what Stubbs wrote 140 years ago and current interpretations and understandings.
King Pym and his ‘Happy, Scrappy Jester’
Authors: Roberts Stephen K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Reign of King Pym took mid 17th‐century studies in a new direction when it was published in 1941. Anglo‐American collaboration in the field in the 1920s and 1930s had been rooted in making available in print to a scholarly readership one of the private diaries of the Long Parliament. J.H. Hexter's book, produced at a time when Anglo‐American collaboration was temporarily on hold under pressure of global war, changed the direction of academic discourse by its format (monograph), content (a detailed study of a brief period in a unique parliament) and tone (brash and unrestrained by the idiom of the academy). The book scoped out the power of John Pym, but also its limitations, and introduced to scholarly debate a categorisation of political groupings in 1642–3 that held sway for 40 years. The first direct attacks on Hexter's work, beginning in the 1980s, were weakened by overstatement. In the forthcoming History of Parliament volumes, Pym's signal importance is reasserted, but Hexter's concept of the ‘middle group’ is found to be untenable.
Parties in Parliament in the 18th Century: The Demolition of Robert Walcott and its Consequences*
Authors: Hayton David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe failure of Robert Walcott's attempted ‘Namierisation’ of Queen Anne's house of commons in the 1950s is now an accepted historiographical fact. Scholars working on late Stuart politics inevitably dismiss Walcott's work as misguided and misleading, and instead take as a given the existence of a two‐party structure as delineated by the standard authority on the subject, Geoffrey Holmes. This article returns to the controversy over ‘party’ in the 1960s, which reached a climax in 1967 with the publication of Holmes's magnum opus and J.H. Plumb's Ford Lectures. The purpose is not to revisit the debate, which was decided conclusively at the time, but to explore the context in which Walcott and his critics were writing; more specifically the connection between Walcott's work and the approach to 18th‐century political history pioneered by Sir Lewis Namier. Using private correspondence between the principals, it argues that Walcott did not properly follow Namier's methods, and was identified as a Namierite largely because Namier was unwilling, for personal reasons, to disown him. In the long run, this reluctance proved damaging, accelerating the decline in Namier's reputation in the 1960s and the shift towards different forms of political history.
John Brooke and the Namierite Succession*
Authors: Aston Nigel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWithout John Brooke, the first volumes of the History of Parliament for the house of commons covering the years 1754–90 might either have appeared much later than they did in 1964 (a mere four years after Sir Lewis Namier's death) or they might never have appeared at all. It was a token of how much Brooke willingly played the role of Namier's principal lieutenant during the latter's lifetime and his qualified loyalty continued for the remainder of his own career. But Brooke was also a capable historian in his own right whose achievements in biography have been largely obscured because of the squabbles between Namier and his detractors. Brooke wrote a fine biography of George III in 1972, published an authoritative edition of Horace Walpole's Memoirs of King George II in 1985 (the year of his own death), and served with distinction as senior editor of the Historical Manuscripts Commission. This essay is an attempt in recovering John Brooke and assessing his status as an 18th‐century historian of parliament (and more), as well as considering his relationship to both Lewis Namier and W.S. Lewis, and emphasising his importance in sustaining the History of Parliament project in the aftermath of Namier's death.
Norman Gash and the Making of Mr Secretary Peel
Authors: Gaunt Richard A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn May 1961, the firm of Longmans published the first volume of Norman Gash's monumental life of Sir Robert Peel. Mr Secretary Peel: The Life of Sir Robert Peel before 1830 was hailed at the time as a landmark and has proved surprisingly durable as an interpretation of Peel's early life and formation. This essay is concerned with locating Gash's work within its political, biographical, and historiographical context. It begins by considering the reaction of Peel family members to Gash's biography, before tracing the antecedents of his historical preoccupations and intellectual development in the years leading up to the publication of Mr Secretary Peel. It presents a wide range of new evidence relating to Gash's life and emergence as a political and parliamentary historian, drawing upon sources which have come to light in the decade since his death in May 2009.
Parliamentary History: An Oblique Glance*
Authors: Bentley Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBecause parliamentary history has entered the DNA of English and anglophone historiography, one readily forgets how unusual are its parameters and influence in wider historical writing in the West. This essay supplies a reminder that we can look sideways at that historiographical form and think about the place of parliamentary history in societies so different as those of the United States and Europe. Doing so reveals oddities in the place of parliamentary history in divergent cultures and brings into question the viability of the subject in the light of current persuasions that have become hegemonic – the cultural, the gendered, the global. The enquiry concludes that the future of parliamentary history will rest on its ability to come to terms with some of those persuasions and relocate itself within their imperatives.
Processing a 100% legume pasta in a classical extruder without agglomeration during mixing
Authors: Laleg Karima , Cassan Denis , Abecassis Joël , Micard Valérie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPasta made exclusively from legume has high nutritional potential (rich in protein and gluten free). However, it is difficult to produce 100% legume dough suitable for the extrusion step in pasta production that comprises hydration, mixing, and extrusion. This paper addresses the biochemical phenomena at the origin of the agglomeration of dough particles frequently reported in the literature, which results in very sticky dough that cannot be extruded. We tested changes in mixing conditions including mixing temperature, addition of antioxidants, and flour pretreatment. Our results suggest that enzymatic reactions, notably lipoxygenase related redox activity, are responsible for this impairment of dough mixing and extrusion. Some of the process conditions studied can be applied at industrial scale and will help produce a legume food with nutritional and culinary qualities, beneficial for people with celiac disease, or gluten intolerance, as well as the general population.Practical ApplicationIn the context of a sustainable and healthy food transition, the food industry is developing legume‐based food of high nutritional quality that is widely consumed, like pasta. However, using legumes often leads to technological problems during the mixing and extrusion of pasta. This article demonstrates they are linked to enzymatic oxidative phenomena and provides an easy solution to reduce the problems without drastically changing pasta processing. Applied at industrial scale, it will allow the production of naturally gluten‐free pasta rich in protein (two to three times the protein content of wheat pasta), of good nutritional quality.
Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida for production of vanillylamine from lignin‐derived substrates
Authors: Manfrão‐Netto João Heitor Colombelli , Lund Fredrik , Muratovska Nina , Larsson Elin M. , Parachin Nádia Skorupa , Carlquist Magnus 
Published: February 2021

SummaryWhole‐cell bioconversion of technical lignins using Pseudomonas putida strains overexpressing amine transaminases (ATAs) has the potential to become an eco‐efficient route to produce phenolic amines. Here, a novel cell growth‐based screening method to evaluate the in vivo activity of recombinant ATAs towards vanillylamine in P. putida KT2440 was developed. It allowed the identification of the native enzyme Pp‐SpuC‐II and ATA from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv‐ATA) as highly active towards vanillylamine in vivo. Overexpression of Pp‐SpuC‐II and Cv‐ATA in the strain GN442ΔPP_2426, previously engineered for reduced vanillin assimilation, resulted in 94‐ and 92‐fold increased specific transaminase activity, respectively. Whole‐cell bioconversion of vanillin yielded 0.70 ± 0.20 mM and 0.92 ± 0.30 mM vanillylamine, for Pp‐SpuC‐II and Cv‐ATA, respectively. Still, amine production was limited by a substantial re‐assimilation of the product and formation of the by‐products vanillic acid and vanillyl alcohol. Concomitant overexpression of Cv‐ATA and alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis increased the production of vanillylamine with ammonium as the only nitrogen source and a reduction in the amount of amine product re‐assimilation. Identification and deletion of additional native genes encoding oxidoreductases acting on vanillin are crucial engineering targets for further improvement.
Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in Crohn's associated sacroiliitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Malik Fardina , Scherl Ellen , Weber Ulrich , Carrino John A. , Epsten Madeline , Wichuk Stephanie , Pedersen Susanne J. , Paschke Joel , Schwartzman Sergio , Kroeber Georg , Maksymowych Walter P. , Longman Randy , Mandl Lisa A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevalence of sacroiliitis in Crohn's disease (CD) is variable depending on defining criteria. This study utilized standardized sacroiliac joint (SIJ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify sacroiliitis in CD patients and its association with clinical and serological markers.MethodsConsecutive adult subjects with CD prospectively enrolled from an inflammatory bowel disease clinic underwent SIJ MRI. Data collected included CD duration, history of joint/back pain, human leukocyte antigen‐B27 status, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI) for activity of CD, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, and various serologic markers of inflammation. Three blinded readers reviewed MRIs for active and structural lesions according to the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada modules.ResultsThirty‐three CD patients were enrolled: 76% female, 80% White, median age 36.4 years (interquartile range 27.2‐49.0), moderate CD activity (mean HBI 8.8 ± SD 4.5). Nineteen subjects (58%) reported any back pain, 13 of whom had inflammatory back pain. Four subjects (12%) showed sacroiliitis using global approach and 6 (18%) met Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society MRI criteria of sacroiliitis. Older age (mean 51.2 ± SD 12.5 vs. 37.2 ± 14; P = .04), history of dactylitis (50.0% vs. 3.4%, P = .03) and worse BASMI (4.1 ± 0.7 vs. 2.4 ± 0.8, P ≤ .001) were associated with MRI sacroiliitis; no serologic measure was associated.ConclusionThere were 12%‐18% of CD patients who had MRI evidence of sacroiliitis, which was not associated with back pain, CD activity or serologic measures. This data suggests that MRI is a useful modality to identify subclinical sacroiliitis in CD patients.