bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional evaluation of the effects of injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) on alveolar bone and root length during orthodontic treatment: a randomized split mouth trial
Authors: Zeitounlouian Talar S. , Zeno Kinan G. , Brad Bassel A. , Haddad Rania A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The role of injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) in orthodontic treatment has not been investigated with focus on its effect on dental and bony periodontal elements.

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of i-PRF in bone preservation and prevention of root resorption.

Methods
A randomized split-mouth controlled trial included 21 patients aged 16–28 years (20.85 ± 3.85), who were treated for Class II malocclusion with the extraction of the maxillary first premolars. Right and left sides were randomly allocated to either experimental treated with i-PRF or control sides. After the leveling and alignment phase, the canines were retracted with 150gm forces. The i-PRF was prepared from the blood of each patient following a precise protocol, then injected immediately before canine retraction on the buccal and palatal aspects of the extraction sites. Localized maxillary cone beam computed tomography scans were taken before and after canine retraction to measure alveolar bone height and thickness and canine root length (indicative of root resorption), and the presence of dehiscence and fenestration. Paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare the changes between groups.

Results
No statistically significant differences in bone height, bone thickness were found between sides and between pre- and post-retraction period. However, root length was reduced post retraction but did not differ between sides. In both groups, postoperative dehiscence was observed buccally and palatally and fenestrations were recorded on only the buccal aspect.

Conclusions
I-PRF did not affect bone quality during canine retraction or prevent canine root resorption. I-PRF did not reduce the prevalence of dehiscence and fenestration.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier number: NCT 03399760. 16/01/2018).
Inducing a sense of worthiness in patients: the basis of patient-centered palliative care for cancer patients in Iran
Authors: Aghaei Mir Hossein , Vanaki Zohreh , Mohammadi Eesa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient-centered care is one of the main components in providing palliative care for cancer patients. This issue has been the subject of numerous studies and practices in nursing for many years. Few studies, however, have explored the perception of nurses about patient-centered treatments. This study aimed at exploring the perception of care-providers about offering patient-centered care to cancer patients.MethodFor attaining that aim, 18 care-providers were purposefully selected for an interview which allowed the researchers to explore the enriched experiences of these participants about offering patient-centered palliative care to cancer patients. After transcribing the recorded data, analysis was carried out based on Graneheim and Lundman’s method of content analysis. The research was qualitative in nature and conducted in 2019 in Iran.ResultsFrom content analysis, 3 main categories; considering patient’s spirituality, maintaining patient’s dignity during care, and reducing patient’s suffering, were found. The essence of these categories reflect on the care-providers’ consideration and effort in “inducing a sense of worthiness”in patients by providing patient-centered care. These categories also reflect on the perspective of care-providers about nurse- patient relationship for providing high qualified palliative care.ConclusionFor providing patient-centered care inducing a sense of worthiness in patients, is the most fundamental component in providing palliative care to cancer patients. Therefore, by considering the structures and settings where the care is to be provided in the healthcare system, it is possible to direct the necessary educational, research, and administrative programs related to inducing a sense of worthiness in patients towards providing a more effective palliative care.
Improving l-threonine production in Escherichia coli by elimination of transporters ProP and ProVWX
Authors: Wang Shuaiwen , Fang Yu , Wang Zhen , Zhang Shuyan , Wang Liangjia , Guo Yong , Wang Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Betaine, an osmoprotective compatible solute, has been used to improve l-threonine production in engineered Escherichia colil-threonine producer. Betaine supplementation upregulates the expression of zwf encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, leading to the increase of NADPH, which is beneficial for l-threonine production. In E. coli, betaine can be taken through ProP encoded by proP or ProVWX encoded by proVWX. ProP is a H+-osmolyte symporter, whereas ProVWX is an ABC transporter. ProP and ProVWX mediate osmotic stress protection by transporting zwitterionic osmolytes, including glycine betaine. Betaine can also be synthesized in E. coli by enzymes encoded by betABIT. However, the influence of ProP, ProVWX and betABIT on l-threonine production in E. coli has not been investigated.

Results
In this study, the influence of ProP, ProVWX and betABIT on l-threonine production in E. coli has been investigated. Addition of betaine slightly improved the growth of the l-threonine producing E. coli strain TWF001 as well as the l-threonine production. Deletion of betABIT retarded the growth of TWF001 and slightly decreased the l-threonine production. However, deletion of proP or/and proVWX significantly increased the l-threonine production. When proP was deleted, the l-threonine production increased 33.3%; when proVWX was deleted, the l-threonine production increased 40.0%. When both proP and proVWX were deleted, the resulting strain TSW003 produced 23.5 g/l l-threonine after 36 h flask cultivation. The genes betABIT, proC, fadR, crr and ptsG were individually deleted from TSW003, and it was found that further absence of either crr (TWS008) or ptsG (TWS009) improved l-threonine production. TSW008 produced 24.9 g/l l-threonine after 36 h flask cultivation with a yield of 0.62 g/g glucose and a productivity of 0.69 g/l/h. TSW009 produced 26 g/l l-threonine after 48 h flask cultivation with a yield of 0.65 g/g glucose and a productivity of 0.54 g/l/h, which is 116% increase compared to the control TWF001.

Conclusions
In this study, l-threonine-producing E. coli strains TSW008 and TSW009 with high l-threonine productivity were developed by regulating the intracellular osmotic pressure. This strategy could be used to improve the production of other products in microorganisms.
Consequences of exposure to prenatal famine on estimated glomerular filtration rate and risk of chronic kidney disease among survivors of the great Ethiopian famine (1983–85): a historical cohort study
Authors: Abate Kalkidan Hassen , Abdulahi Misra , Abdulhay Fedlu , Arage Getachew , Mecha Mohammed , Yenuss Mohammed , Hassen Habtamu , Belachew Tefera 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The impact of an adverse prenatal environment such as famine exposure on the development of adulthood non-communicable chronic illnesses, including diabetes and hypertension has been well articulated in the recent past and supported by evidence. However, there exist few longitudinal studies conducted on the long term consequences of prenatal famine exposure on adulthood kidney function. Hence, we set out to examine whether prenatal exposure to the Ethiopian Great Famine (1983–1985) was associated with changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) later in adult life.

Methods
The study was conducted in 219 famine exposed and 222 non exposed cohorts in Raya Kobo district, North Wollo Zone, Northern Ethiopia. Estimated GFR was computed from standardized serum creatinine using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. The definition of CKD includes those with an eGFR of less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 on at least in two occasions of 90 days apart (with or without markers of kidney damage). Linear and logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the independent effect of prenatal famine exposure on eGFR and CKD respectively.

Results
The mean (SD) serum creatinine of exposed and non-exposed groups were 0.78 (0.2) and 0.75 (0.2) respectively. The mean (SD) eGFR of exposed groups was 107.95 (27.49) while the non-exposed 114.48 (24.81) ml/min. In linear regression, the unadjusted model to examine the association between famine exposure and eGFR resulted in a significant negative beta coefficient (β = − 0.124: 95% CI: − 11.43, − 1.64). Adjusting the exposure for outstanding covariates of kidney health, including systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and blood glucose did not alter the inverse relationship (β = −.114 95% CI: − 10.84, − 1.17). In the unadjusted bivariate logistic regression model, famine exposure resulted in nearly 2.7 times higher odds of developing CKD (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.16, 6.2). The odds remained equivalent after adjusting for systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and body mass index (OR = 2.61: 95% CI: 1.120, 6.09).

Conclusion
In the study setting, prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine was associated with decreased eGFR and higher risk of developing CKD among survivors. These findings may imply that famine in early life may play a significant role in the development of kidney dysfunction in adulthood.
The relationship between depression and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Moradi Yousef , Albatineh Ahmed N , Mahmoodi Hassan , Gheshlagh Reza Ghanei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The link between metabolic syndrome and depression has always been controversial. Different studies that have examined the relationship between metabolic syndrome and depression have reported different results. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the association between depression and MetS by meta-analysis.

Methods
Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and ISI were searched for publications in English from January 1990 to February 2020. Search included cohort and cross-sectional studies aimed at examining the association between depression and MetS. The risk of bias was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity and publication bias were tested, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted.

Results
49 studies with total sample size 399,494 were analyzed. Results indicated the odds of MetS was higher in depressed compared to non-depressed individuals [OR: 1.48; 95 %CI: 1.33–1.64) vs. (OR: 1.38; 95 %CI: 1.17–1.64)]. For cross-sectional studies, depressed patients in Europe (OR = 1.35; 95 %CI: 1.47–1.99) were at higher odds of MetS compared to those in America and Asia. For cohort studies, depressed patients in America (OR = 1.46; 95 %CI: 1.16–1.84) were at higher odds of MetS than those in Europe. Cross-sectional studies indicated women with depression were at higher odds of MetS (OR = 1.95; 95 %CI: 1.38–2.74) compared to men. In both types of studies, the odds of MetS decreased with age.

Conclusions
Metabolic syndrome is more common in depressed compared to non-depressed individuals.
Population dynamics of some domestic mites in laboratory culture
Authors: Ammar A. M. , El Zayyat E. A. , Khayyal A. E. , Elleboudy N. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Domestic mites are a primary source of allergens indoors all over the world. Extracts of mite allergens are important for diagnosing and treating mites allergy. The effective cultivation processes play a critical role in the final composition of mites' allergen extracts. In order to produce large amounts of antigens of domestic mites, culture techniques of domestic mites were studied. Domestic mites were isolated from collected dust samples and cultured on a fine-ground mixture of dust and sawdust (2:1). While dry yeast, wheat germ, and cornflour were used at a ratio of 2:1:1 for nutrition. Food was placed over a few centimeters of cement base that had been placed on the bottom of the rearing containers. The population growth rates were determined.

Results
Successful methods for mite cultures utilize high protein and carbohydrate foods, an average temperature of (25 ± 2) °C and relative humidity (80 ± 5) %. During a 14-week observation period of mites' culture, the peak in number was obtained after 8 weeks of the culture in Tyrophagus, 10 weeks in Dermatophagoides, and 12 weeks in Blomia; thereafter, the number decreased. Significant differences were found in the growth rates of Dermatophagoides (P = 0.02) and Blomia (P = 0.03) in between pure and mixed cultures.

Conclusions
The modifications made to the mixture of diet used for cultivation showed a high yield of domestic mites. Also, the cement layer also is an excellent way to make space for egg laying and prevent mites from escaping.
Prescribing patterns in patients with metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).
Authors: Mar Nataliya , Forsyth Michael 
Published: March 2021

21 Background: Recent advances and approvals in mCSPC treatment offer improved outcomes. Docetaxel chemotherapy as well as novel hormonal therapies (NHT) including abiraterone, apalutamide and enzalumide are preferred regimens in addition to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), with category 1 evidence supporting their use. Despite lack of consensus regarding use of first-generation anti-androgens (fgAI) aside from tumor flare prevention, they are still frequently prescribed. This multitude of options may lead to disparities in prescribing patterns. Methods: Retrospective analysis of pharmacy and medical claims data from the IQVIA database was performed. Patients were aged >18 years and had an ICD 9/10 diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) with >1 treatment claim. Patients on active therapy for another primary malignancy as well as those with <12 months of data pre- and <9 months post-first PCa-related event were excluded. Data was collected from 1/1/2015 to 6/30/2020. Treatment categories were classified as NHT, fgAI, chemotherapy, or ADT monotherapy. Results: National (N) and state of California (S) prescribing patterns are provided in Table. Nationally, Medicare reimbursed 16% NHT, 30% fgAI, 2% chemotherapy and 52% ADT, while third-party payers reimbursed 18% NHT, 20% fgAI, 3% chemotherapy and 59% ADT in 2020. State of California 2020 data yielded similar reimbursement patterns. In Southern California, academic centers prescribed 31% NHT, 23% fgAI and 46% ADT, while community-based practices prescribed 7% NHT, 36% fgAI and 57% ADT in 2020. In Southern California, community oncology practices prescribed 12% NHT, 40% fgAI, 2% chemotherapy and 44% ADT, while community urology practices prescribed 2% NHT, 38% fgAI, and 59% ADT in 2020. Data from 2015-2019 was similar. Conclusions: Although NHT utilization is increasing while chemotherapy utilization is declining, only a minority of mCSPC men received these therapies in 2020. Most of mCSPC men still receive ADT monotherapy or fgAI. Type of insurance carrier does not appear to affect prescribing patterns. Dramatic variations across treatment settings and different specialties exist, with academic centers prescribing more NHT than community-based practices and oncology practices prescribing more NHT than urology practices. These disparities should be addressed with provider education to standardize care delivery for mCSPC patients. [Table: see text]
Intraprostatic calcification and biochemical recurrence in men treated with Cs-131 prostate brachytherapy.
Authors: Schad Michael D , Rodríguez-López Joshua L , Patel Ankur , Houser Christopher J , Horne Zachary D , Benoit Ronald M , Smith Ryan P , Beriwal Sushil 
Published: March 2021

237 Background: Vigneault et al. reported that baseline intraprostatic calcification (IC) was associated with a higher risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in men treated with I-125 prostate brachytherapy (PB). Cs-131 has different physical properties than I-125. We assessed whether baseline IC was associated with BCR in men treated with Cs-131 PB. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all low-risk (LR), favorable intermediate-risk (FIR), and unfavorable IR (UIR) prostate cancer patients treated with Cs-131 PB +/- external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) from 2/2011 to 7/2018 at our institution. Patients who received hormone therapy or those with < 24 months follow-up were excluded. Baseline IC status (defined as 1 or more ICs ≥ 5 mm) and characteristics were determined on post-PB CT scans. Baseline patient characteristics were compared via χ2, Mann–Whitney U, or Student’s t-test. Predictors of BCR (Phoenix definition) were analyzed via Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were generated. Results: Two hundred and sixteen LR, FIR, and UIR prostate cancer patients treated with Cs-131 PB +/- EBRT were included. Median follow up was 56.9 months (range 24.1–111.4 months). 76 patients (35.2%) had baseline IC and 140 patients (64.8%) did not. Baseline disease characteristics did not differ significantly between patients with vs. without ICs. In patients with baseline IC, the median number of ICs was 1 (range 1–3), median length of largest IC was 9.1 mm (range 5.0–33.1), and median peak density of largest IC was 884 Hounsfield units (range 283–1744). ICs were most commonly present in the midgland (88.2%) and central (97.4%) regions. On univariate Cox analysis of all baseline disease, treatment, and IC characteristics, only initial PSA (p = 0.016) and NCCN risk group (p = 0.047) were significant predictors of BCR, whereas baseline IC was not (p = 0.11). The 5-year BCR-free survival in patients with vs. without baseline IC was 97.7% vs. 93.8% (p = 0.40), respectively. Conclusions: In a cohort of LR and IR prostate cancer patients treated with Cs-131 PB, the rate of BCR in men with baseline IC was low and baseline IC was not associated with a higher risk of BCR.
Peri-operative morbidity and mortality in a modern series of patients treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) at five centers.
Authors: Esdaille Ashanda Rosetta Patrice , Karam Jose A. , Spiess Philippe E. , Raman Jay D. , Shapiro Daniel D. , Sharma Pranav , Sexton Wade J. , Zemp Logan , Bilotta Alyssa , Allen Glenn O. , Matin Surena F. , Wood Christopher G. , Abel Edwin J 
Published: March 2021

268 Background: For metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) patients considering cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN), perioperative morbidity is important to discuss but few contemporary multi-institutional data are available. The objective of this study is to describe factors associated with perioperative outcomes in a modern multi-institutional cohort of patients treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy. Methods: Data for perioperative complications was recorded for patients treated with CN at 5 centers from 2005-2019. Postoperative complications within 90 days were categorized using Clavien- Dindo system. Univariate and multivariable analysis was used to evaluate for associations with complications and 90-day mortality. Factors evaluated included receipt of pre-surgical systemic therapy, ECOG performance status (PS), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), concurrent IVC thrombectomy, age, and surgical approach (open vs. laparoscopic/robotic). Results: Perioperative outcomes were evaluated in 937 consecutive patients treated with CN at 5 institutions from 2005-2019. Median age at surgery was 61 years (IQR 53-68) and median tumor diameter was 9.8cm (IQR 7-12).Venous thrombus was present in 406/937 (43.3%) patients overall including 65/406 (16%) patients for whom IVC thrombus extended above the hepatic veins. Open and laparoscopic/robotic approach was used in 715 (76.3%) and 290 (23.4%) patients. The median ECOG PS was 1 (IQR 0-1) and median CCI was 1 (IQR 0-2). Pre-surgical systemic therapy was given to 243 (25.9%) patients prior to CN. The median length of hospital stay was 5 days (IQR 4-7) and 429 (34.6%) received blood transfusion. Median length of stay was 3.0 (IQR 2-4) for laparoscopic/robotic approach and 6 days (IQR 4-8) for patients with IVC thrombectomy. Hospital readmission within 30 days was identified in 112 (9.0%) patients. A total of 93/937 (9.9%) patients had major (≥Clavien 3) complications identified within 90 days postoperatively. On multivariable analysis, IVC thrombectomy was associated with higher risk of major complications OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.2-3.1), p = 0.006. Pre-surgical systemic therapy, ECOG PS, CCI, age and surgical approach were not associated with major complications (p = 0.09-0.85). Perioperative mortality was 12/937 (1.3%) at 30 days and 51/937 (6.7%) at 90 days. After multivariable analysis, pre-surgical systemic therapy, ECOG PS, CCI, age, and IVC thrombectomy were not associated with perioperative mortality (p = 0.1-0.85). Conclusions: Cytoreductive nephrectomy is associated with major complications for 10% of patients and 1% mortality at 30 days. Pre-surgical systemic therapy was not associated with increased risk of complications or mortality.
Radiomic features of renal cell carcinoma primary and metastatic sites as predictors of TERT and BAP1 mutations.
Authors: Meza Luis A , Filippov Aleksandr , Naim Sohaib , Dizman Nazli , Chehrazi-Raffle Alex , Philip Errol James , Maholtra Jasnoor , Muddasani Ramya , Chawla Neal Shiv , Wong Chi Wah , Salgia Sabrina , Karimi Misagh , Trent Jeffrey M. , Byron Sara Ann , Chaudhry Ammar , Pal Sumanta K. 
Published: March 2021

282 Background: TERT and BAP1 mutations are associated with poor clinical outcome in patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) (Dizman et al JITC 2020; Joseph et al J Urol 2016). In this study we explore radiogenomics as a non-invasive method to identify these alterations. Methods: Pts with mRCC who had genomic testing in the course of routine clinical care were included in the current analysis. Pts were assessed with the GEM Extra assay, a CAP-accredited, CLIA-certified test encompassing paired tumor-normal whole exome sequencing (WES) and tumor whole transcriptome sequencing (TGen; Phoenix, AZ). Pts underwent CT imaging; radiomic analysis was performed on the segmented metastatic and primary lesions. Features were independently correlated with TERT and BAP1 mutation status to generate Pearson correlation values (PCVs). Results: 92 pts (65:27 M: F) were included in the analysis; of these, the majority of pts (84%) had clear cell histology. Alterations in the TERT gene were seen in 12 pts. In these pts 1,325 radiomic features of the primary tissue were examined and 251 features correlated with a PCV ≥ |0.2|. Of these, 42 features were correlated with a PCV ≥ |0.3|. Highest correlation with TERT mutation was seen with Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) and First Order Features (FOF). 9 pts had BAP1 mutation with 5 detected in primary tumor and 4 in metastatic sites. Analysis of primary tumor imaging yielded no significant associations between radiomic features and BAP1 mutation. However, out of approximately 1,500 radiomic features noted in metastatic sites, 111 features correlated with BAP1 mutation with a PCV ≥ 0.2. Of these, 15 features correlated with a PCV ≥ 0.3. The radiomic features with the highest correlation with BAP1mt were Gray Level Dependence Matrix (GLDM) and GLCM. Conclusions: By identifying a correlation between radiomic features of TERT mutation in primary tumors and BAP1 mutation in metastatic sites, our work may ultimately yield a non-invasive method of discerning mutational status in patents with mRCC. Efforts are ongoing to validate our findings within The Cancer Imaging Archive.