bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENERAPAN AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN DANA ZAKAT PADA BADAN AMIL ZAKAT DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Mawahib.R Abul 
Published: December 2024

Adanya kesenjangan anatara potensi zakat dan realisasi pengumpulan zakat telah menunjukkan terdapat permasalahan dalam pengelolaan zakat yang perlu dibenahi. Salah satunya adalah terkait dengan akuntabilitas. Berkaitan dengan lembaga zakat, akuntabilitas merupakan bentuk pertanggungjawaban atas tugasnya sebagai pengelolaan zakat. Oleh kana itu, sebagaimana besarnya tuntutan akuntabilitas, lembaga zakat perlu meningkatkan akuntailitas karena akan berpengaruh pada kepercayaan masyarakat. Fokus penelitian mencakup pada akuntabilitas finansial pengelolaan dana zakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan akuntabilitas pengelolaan dana zakat pada BAZNAS Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskrptif kualitatif dengan metode kualitatif. Data berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan pengelolaan zakat yang dilakukan BAZNAS Kota Makassar dalam menerapkan akuntabilitas, khusunya pada akuntabilitas finansial sudah cukup baik namun belum maksimal. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat, pertama dari sistem pengawasan yang diterapkan BAZNAS Kota Makassar. Pengawasan dilakukan oleh Pihak Internal BAZNAS dan pengawasan secara eksternal oleh Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP). Hasil dari pengawasan tersebut dapat dilihat dari adanya laporan yang dipertanggungjawabkan kepada pihak-pihak berkepntingan. Kedua adalah tanggungjawab atas kepatuhan BAZNAS terhadap aturan dan hukum yang telah ditetapkan. Keberhasilan dan terhadap tanggungjawab tersebut dapat dilihat dari adanya laporan yang telah diaudit oleh Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP). Ketiga adalah keterbukaan baznas atas informasinya kepada publik yang perlu dimaksimalkan. Hal tersebut disebabkan pengelolaan media yang belum maksimal, keterlambatan pihak BAZNAS Kota Makassar dalam memberikan informasi kepada publik dan masih terdapat informasi-informasi yang berlum disampaikan kepada publik.
Impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la transferencia de conocimientos científicos: resilencia/retos del docente universitario
Authors: Lema Balla Juan Carlos , Allauca Peñafiel Diego Rafael , García López Jenny Lourdes , Moya Romero Fernanda Johana , Lema Balla José Roberto 
Published: December 2024

La implementación de la Inteligencia Artificial permite una mayor colaboración entre investigadores y educadores de todo el mundo, lo que da como resultado el intercambio de conocimientos y el establecimiento de redes académicas más extensas. La calidad de la educación puede verse afectada por la falta de accesibilidad a la tecnología entre profesores y estudiantes. El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje puede verse comprometido por una gran dependencia de la tecnología, que puede alterar la interacción y la creatividad humanas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la transferencia de conocimientos científicos en las universidades ecuatorianas. Además, se evaluarán los desafíos y oportunidades que enfrentan los docentes universitarios en este nuevo paradigma educativo. El estudio se basa en una combinación de revisión de literatura y recolección de datos primarios a través de encuestas y entrevistas a docentes universitarios en Ecuador. Se analizó cómo la IA está siendo integrada en el sistema educativo y los efectos de esta integración en la transferencia de conocimientos científicos.
Profitability Ratio Analysis of Financial Performance at PT Kino Indonesia Tbk. On Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Amor Atika , Rauf Abdul , Asrida Asrida , Atsarina Alyani 
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the financial performance with a profitability ratio approach at PT Kino Indonesia Tbk. from 2020 to 2023. In this study, the type of research used was descriptive qualitative. The source of data in this study is documentation in the form of financial reports in the form of statement of financial position and income statements compiled by PT. Kino Indonesia Tbk. The data taken from IDX or www.idx.co.id. Based on the company's financial data management, the calculation uses the company's profitability ratios, including Gross Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return On Asset,and Return On Equity. After reviewing it, it turns out that the average value of net profit margin, gross profit margin and return on equity is below the industry standard ratio. From this information it can be concluded that the company has not succeeded in increasing its financial percentage well, especially in 2022. In 2022 PT Kino Indonesia Tbk will experience quite large losses so that the GPM, NPM, ROA and ROE ratios will be far below those of similar industries.
Integrasi Numerik Fungsi Eksponensial dengan Metode Romberg dan Gauss-Legendre
Authors: Resa Aprinita  
Published: December 2024

Integrasi numerik merupakan metode pengintegralan suatu fungsi yang menghasilkan nilai hampiran (aproksimasi) terhadap nilai eksaknya. Adakalanya suatu fungsi yang memiliki bentuk rumit akan sangat susah diselesaikan dengan menggunakan teknik pengintegralan secara analitik dengan bentuk baku, maka dalam hal ini pengintegralan secara numerik diperlukan untuk menentukan nilainya. Terdapat dua pendekatan dalam pengintegralan numerik yaitu dengan metode Newton-Coates (equally space) dan Gauss-Kuadratur (unequaly space). Salah satu metode Newton-Coates yang memiliki ketelitian yang baik (error semakin kecil) adalah metode Romberg, metode ini didapatkan dari ekstrapolasi Richardson yang diterapkan secara terus menurus dari metode simpson , simpson , dan metode Boole, sehingga didapatkan metode Romberg. Sedangkan metode Gauss-Kuadratur yang dianggap memiliki ketelitian yang baik adalah metode Gauss-Legendre, metode ini mentransformasi batas integrasi fungsi [a,b] menjadi batas [-1,1]. Untuk menentukan nilai integrasinya pada Gauss-Legendre dibutuhkan beberapa titik evaluasi (fixed point) dengan dan fungsi pembobot dengan . Semakin banyak titik evaluasi yang digunakan maka akan semakin akurat hasil integrasi yang didapatkan. Pada artikel ini akan dikaji perbandingan keakuratan integrasi numerik kedua metode yaitu metode Romberg dan Gauss-Legendre yang akan diterapkan untuk menyelesaikan fungsi eksponensial yang telah dimodifikasi.
Analisis Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas Iv Pada Pembelajaran Ipas Di Sdn 25 Mattirowalie
Authors: Sri Hartuti  , Wahira  , Amir Pada  
Published: December 2024

This study aims to describe: 1) to analyze the implementation of the independent curriculum in science learning for Grade IV of SDN 25 Mattirowalie, 2) to analyze the obstacles and barriers in implementing the independent curriculum in science learning for Grade IV of SDN 25 Mattirowalie, 3) to analyze efforts to overcome obstacles and barriers in implementing the independent curriculum in science learning for Grade IV of SDN 25 Mattirowalie. This research is a qualitative research. The research was conducted at SDN 25 Mattirowalie in August 2024. The subjects of this study were the Principal, Grade IV Teachers, and Grade IV Students. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews and documentation. Activities in qualitative data analysis using interactive models are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the implementation of the independent curriculum in science learning has been realized well, the planning carried out is by analyzing CP, compiling TP, and making ATP. The implementation of learning that has implemented differentiated learning that is adjusted to student needs and has compiled evaluations in the form of diagnostic assessments, formative and summative assessments, 2) there are obstacles and barriers such as less valid information, reference sources are still few, limited time in compiling teaching modules and assessments, 3) efforts made to overcome obstacles and barriers are by participating in seminars, webinars and workshops, increasing reference sources and utilizing the teaching module preparation guidebook provided by the government.
Menghitung Determinan Matriks Blok Menggunakan Ekspansi Laplace
Authors: Diah Fauziyah Putri  
Published: December 2024

Matriks adalah susunan bilangan, simbol, atau ekspresi yang disusun dalam baris dan kolom sehingga membentuk suatu bangun persegi. Matriks pertama kali digagaskan oleh Arthur Caley pada tahun 1859 dalam studi sistem persamaan linear dan transformasi linear. Pada teori matriks, perhitungan determinan merupakan salah satu kajian yang sering dibahas. Perhitungan determinan terkait dengan matriks berukuran kecil (n ≤ 3) biasanya tidak pernah menjadi masalah, hanya dengan menggunakan deﬁnisi determinan biasanya langsung dapat diselesaikan. Namun perhitungan determinan matriks dengan ukuran yang besar, sukar dilakukan jika hanya menggunakan deﬁnisi determinan. Beberapa metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menghitung determinan matriks adalah metode reduksi baris, metode ekspansi Laplace/kofaktor dan metode komplemen Schur. Metode lain yang dapat digunakan adalah dengan mengubah matriks tersebut menjadi matriks blok. Untuk menentukan determinan matriks blok tersebut, maka penulis pada penulisan kali ini akan menggunakan salah satu metode yaitu metode ekspansi Laplace/kofaktor.
Kata kunci: Determinan, Matriks, Ekspansi Laplace
DETERMINAN MATRIKS ORDO 3X3 DENGAN METODE MINOR DAN KOFAKTOR
Authors: Sri Yulianti  , Risman Bustaman  
Published: December 2024

Metode minor dan kofaktor merupakan metode umum yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan determinan matriks. Perhitungan determinan matriks dengan metode minor dan kofaktor dapat diterapkan pada semua ukuran matriks bujur sangkar. Determinan matriks dapat dihitung dari minor dan kofaktor pada salah satu baris atau kolom matriks Sebelum menentukan kofaktornya kita harus menentuka submatriksnya atau minornya terlebih dahulu.
Definisi 2.3 Minor suatu matriks A dilambangkan dengan adalah matriks bagian dari A yang diperoleh dengan cara menghilangkan elemen-elemennya pada baris ke i dan elemen-elemen pada kolom ke j
Definisi 2.4 Kofaktor suatu elemen baris ke-I dan kolom ke-j dari matriks A dilambangkan dengan . Untuk menentukan determinan matriks dengan metode minor dan kofaktor cukup mengambil satu ekspansi saja.
Puerperal Sepsis In Women: Frequency And Risk Factors: An Experience At Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Sultan Shahida , Hayat Nazish , Khan Shayan 
Published: December 2024

Background: Puerperal sepsis remains a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. Despite advancements in maternal care, factors such as inadequate prenatal care, anemia, prolonged labor, and cesarean deliveries increase susceptibility. This study explores the frequency and risk factors of puerperal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital, highlighting critical areas for intervention to improve maternal health outcomes.
Objective: To assess the frequency and risk factors of puerperal sepsis.
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at department of gynecology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from January 2023 to February 2024, on 157 patients who delivered within 42 days. We determined the frequency and risk factors of puerperal sepsis. We did not include patients with malaria, dengue fever of typhoid. Chi Square test was used for assessing association.
Results: The mean age of participants was 29.36±6.38 years, with a puerperal sepsis frequency of (9.6%). Significant risk factors included cesarean delivery 9 (60%), bacterial infection 14 (93.3%), anemia 13 (86.7%), postpartum hemorrhage 12 (80%), prolonged labor 8(53.3%), booked status 11 (73.3%), and rural residence 12 (80%), all showing notable associations (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The study highlights that puerperal sepsis remains a significant concern, influenced by modifiable risk factors such as anemia, uncooked status, and rural residence. Strengthening antenatal care, improving postpartum monitoring, and addressing systemic gaps in maternal healthcare can reduce its burden and improve outcomes.
Silent Signals: Exploring ECG Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Healthcare Professionals at MTI Bannu
Authors: Maqsood Saeed , Ibrahim Muhammad , Yar Allah , Bilal Muhammad , Bibi Kashaf , Zeshan  
Published: December 2024

Background: Electrocardiography (ECG) plays a vital role in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases, a leading global health burden. Healthcare professionals, due to occupational stresses, may have an increased risk of cardiovascular abnormalities, particularly in resource-limited settings like Pakistan. Understanding ECG patterns in this group is essential for targeted interventions.
Objective: To determine the frequency of ECG patterns in asymptomatic healthcare professionals at MTI Bannu.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 185 asymptomatic healthcare professionals, in three allied hospitals of Medical Teaching Institutions (MTI) Bannu. Data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 26. ECG patterns were recorded with a portable ECG machine.
Results: Among the participants, 143 (77.3%) exhibited normal ECG patterns. Of 45 doctors, 40 (88.8%) had normal ECGs, while 5 showed abnormalities, including sinus arrhythmias (4.4%) and bradycardia (2.2%). Among 45 medical students, 31 (68.9%) were normal, with abnormalities including right axis deviation (11.1%) and early repolarization (4.4%). Of 57 paramedics, 45 (78.9%) had normal ECGs, while abnormalities included sinus tachycardia (1.8%) and premature ventricular contractions (3.5%). Among 38 support staff, 34 (89.5%) were normal, with abnormalities observed in 4 participants (10.5%).
Conclusion: A notable proportion of healthcare professionals, despite being asymptomatic, exhibited ECG abnormalities such as arrhythmias, bradycardia, and hypertrophy. These findings highlight the importance of regular ECG screening in this population to facilitate early detection and intervention for potential cardiovascular risks.
Morphological Study of Gentamicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity and Protective Effects of Zinc in Adult Albino Mice
Authors: Bukhari Anila Shah , Shah Faran , Shah Sana , Shah Faridullah , Khatoon Shehla , Khattak Munila Shabnum 
Published: December 2024

Background: One of the drugs of the amino glycoside group, known adverse effects are nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular paralysis. Zinc, a transitional metal and best source is meat, fish, whole grain cereals, and dairy products. Zinc protects tissues against free radicals and oxidative stress. Used in fertility, pneumonia, osteoporosis, wound healing, regulating immune function, and decreased risk of senile chronic diseases with no significant side effects.
Objective: Gentamicin effects on testicular structure and sperm parameters in mice. Zinc reversal effects are the focus of the current study.
Material and Methods: An experimental animal-based study done in Veterinary Research Institute Peshawar, for 6 months from June 2019 to December 2019. Fifteen albino mice were collected and sorted into groups. B-1, B-2, C-1 and C-2 were experimental groups, A-1 was control group. Zinc was administered as 1-2mg/kg orally, whereas Gentamicin was administered in two dosages of 50mg/kg intraperitoneally and 75mg/kg. Mice were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Testis was collected, and kept in formalin; slides were made and observed through the light microscope.
Results: Gentamicin-induced structural alterations in experimental groups were sloughing, vacuolation, gaps formation in the somniferous epithelium, atrophic changes, nuclear pyknosis, indicated by tubular shrinkage in a few tubules, decreased somniferous tubules and somniferous epithelium. Zinc nullified these effects when used simultaneously with Gentamicin.
Conclusion: The study evaluated the impact of Gentamicin on the health outcomes of the participants. Additionally, oral supplementation of zinc at 1-2 mg/kg provided a crucial variable that allowed researchers to explore potential protective effects against Gentamicin-induced toxicity. The methodologies reveal pharmacological interactions, and emphasize dosage and administration routes in experimental design, paving the way for future research to improve therapeutic strategies and health outcomes.
Exploring Polycystic Ovarian Disease and Its Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics in Young Females
Authors: Batool Tayyaba , Fatima Sabahat , Andleeb Jazib , Kiran Khadija , Mahmood Zahid , Riaz Adnan 
Published: December 2024

Background: The most contentious endocrine disorder affecting women worldwide is called PCOS, or polycystic ovarian syndrome. Compared to women in the UK, where the incidence of PCOS is between 20% and 25%, Pakistani females had a higher prevalence of 52%.One major limitation of previous community studies was the lack of biochemical and clinical screening.
Objective: To investigate the clinical and biochemical characteristics of polycystic ovaries (PCO) and associated factors, such as insulin, LH, FSH, oestradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG in young women.
Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Central Park Medical College, Lahore, from August 1, 2023, to February 1, 2024. Women attending hospitals were informed about the study and underwent ultrasonography to identify PCO. The study included 201 women diagnosed with PCO as the case group and 233 healthy women as the comparison group. After obtaining consent, participants completed questionnaires and underwent hormonal and biochemical analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.
Results: The average age of the control group was 25.83 ± 4.6 years, while the PCO group had an average age of 27.12 ± 5.52 years, with a significantly higher BMI (p = 0.001). Women with PCO showed increased insulin resistance, higher LH, and oestradiol levels, and reduced FSH. Testosterone levels and free testosterone index did not differ significantly between groups.
Conclusion: A significant proportion of women with infertility issues in Pakistan exhibit PCO. Insulin resistance is a key factor in PCO, and effective management of insulin levels may reduce the risk of developing PCOS.
Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ayaz Muhammad , Shah Syed Jalal , Achakzai Humaira , Shabir Mohsin , khan Muhammad Shabbir , Latif Rabia 
Published: December 2024

Background: The most common risk factors of diabetes mellitus ,includes ethnicity, family history, obesity, metabolic syndrome, behavioral factors, such as physical inactivity, diet containing higher amount of saturated fat and carbohydrates and relatively lower number of fruits and vegetables, smoking, alcohol consumption and sleep duration. Out of these, obesity is directly related to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
Objective: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Material and Methods A total of 260 patients were examined. Sample size was calculated with WHO sample size calculator using a reference study with 58% metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes patients (confidence level= 95%, and margin of error=6%).
Results: The results were analyzed as: Distribution of age among 260 patients was observed as n= 30-40 Years 48(18.5%), 41-50 Years 86(33.1%) 51-60 Years 64(24.6%) 61-70 Years 62 (23.8%). Mean age was 49.12 years with standard deviation ±2.142 Gender-wise distribution of 260 participants was analyzed as n=260 Gender Wise Distribution Male 182(70.0%) Female 78(30.0%). Distribution Metabolic syndrome among typeII diabetic patients was 201(77.3%).
Conclusion: This study indicates that metabolic syndrome poses a serious health risk to Pakistani diabetes patients, who are more likely to have problems like cardiovascular disease and early death. The predictor's female gender, age in the 50–60 age range, residency in an urban area, and single status are all changeable. Therefore, health authorities should offer these most at-risk diabetes patient subpopulations specific interventions including lifestyle changes.
COMPARISON OF 2% CHLORHEXIDINE AND 5.25% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE IRRIGATING SOLUTION ON POST OPERATIVE PAIN
Authors: Zia Shahnoor , Syed Atta Ullah Shah  , Sana Kanwal  , Khan Fahad , Ali Naila Amir , Khan Talha Asad , Raisani Sher Afgan , Habib Muhammad Farrukh 
Published: December 2024

Background: Postoperative pain is a common concern following dental procedures, affecting patient comfort and recovery. Effective pain management is crucial, with irrigating solutions playing a key role in endodontic treatments. Among these, 2% chlorhexidine and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite are widely used due to their antimicrobial and tissue-clearing properties, respectively. While chlorhexidine is known for its lower cytotoxicity, sodium hypochlorite offers stronger antibacterial effects but may increase pain. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of these two solutions in reducing postoperative pain, helping clinicians make informed choices to improve patient outcomes.
Objective: To determine the efficacy of 2%chlorhexidine and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite irrigating solution on post operative pain
Methods: This quasi-experimental interventional study was conducted at Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta from October 2021 to October 2023. A total of 312 patients experiencing postoperative pain were randomly assigned to two groups, each with 156 participants. Group A received 2% chlorhexidine as the irrigating solution, while Group B was treated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. Postoperative pain, the primary outcome measure, was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, on the 3rd day, the 7th day, and at a 2-week follow-up. Data were collected, entered, and analysed using SPSS version 26.0, with the chi-square test applied to assess group differences, considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant.
Results: Out of 312 patients, with 160 males (51.3%) and 152 females (48.7%). Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A (2% chlorhexidine) reporting a mean VAS score of 6.3 (±1.2) and Group B (5.25% sodium hypochlorite) showing a mean score of 6.5 (±1.3). By the 2-week follow-up, both groups reported reductions in pain scores. Group A had a mean VAS score of 1.5 (±1.1), and Group B had a mean score of 2.8 (±1.4). A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, which affirmed the effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine over 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in managing postoperative pain.
Conclusion: 2% chlorhexidine is significantly more effective than 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in reducing postoperative pain following non-surgical root canal treatment