bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering Aspartyl Peptide Sweeteners Using the Ultimate Molecular Theory of Sweet Taste
Authors: He Huazhong 
Published: January 2021

More than thirty years ago, I proposed a theory about sweet and bitter molecules’ recognition by protein helical structures. Unfortunately the paperscould not go to public platform until now. The sweet and bitter taste theory is updated and presented in separated papers. 1,2 Under the guidance of the sweetreceptor helix recognition theory 1, aspartyl/aminomalonyl peptide sweeteners are deciphered. Here it demonstrates that, this series of sweeteners has ahydrogen-bond type hydrogen donor - hydrogen acceptor DH-B moiety and their DH-B is very special. Their B of the DH-B moiety is an oxygen of the carboxylicgroup, which is widely accepted one. The DH of the DH-B moiety however is the NH of the aspartyl/aminomalonyl peptide, which is a selection for the first time tothe best of my knowledge. Even more unusual, their dynamic action acts throughthe hydrogen on alpha carbon of aspartyl/aminomalonyl group. The receptor main and side grooves have different space characteristics in accepting sweetmolecules’ groups, which is elaborated in this paper. This unprecedented elucidation well explains the aspartyl/aminomalonyl peptide sweeteners’phenomenon and, in return, strongly supports this sweet receptor helix recognition theory.
DECIMER Segmentation - Automated Extraction of Chemical Structure Depictions from Scientific Literature
Authors: Rajan Kohulan , brinkhaus Henning Otto , Sorokina Maria , Zielesny Achim , Steinbeck Christoph 
Published: January 2021

Chemistry looks back at many decades of publications on chemical compounds, their structures and properties, in scientific articles. Liberating this knowledge (semi-)automatically and making it available to the world in open-access databases is a current challenge. Apart from mining textual information, Optical Chemical Structure Recognition (OCSR), the translation of an image of a chemical structure into a machine-readable representation, is part of this workflow. As the OCSR process requires an image containing a chemical structure, there is a need for a publicly available tool that automatically recognizes and segments chemical structure depictions from scientific publications. This is especially important for older documents which are only available as scanned pages. Here, we present DECIMER (Deep lEarning for Chemical IMagE Recognition) Segmentation, the first open-source, deep learning-based tool for automated recognition and segmentation of chemical structures from the scientific literature.The workflow is divided into two main stages. During the detection step, a deep learning model recognizes chemical structure depictions and creates masks which define their positions on the input page. Subsequently, potentially incomplete masks are expanded in a post-processing workflow. The performance of DECIMER Segmentation has been manually evaluated on three sets of publications from different publishers. The approach operates on bitmap images of journal pages to be applicable also to older articles before the introduction of vector images in PDFs. By making the source code and the trained model publicly available, we hope to contribute to the development of comprehensive chemical data extraction workflows. In order to facilitate access to DECIMER Segmentation, we also developed a web application. The web application, available at https://decimer.ai, lets the user upload a pdf file and retrieve the segmented structure depictions.
Précis knihy Hegelova fenomenologie světa
Authors: Matějčková Tereza 
Published: January 2021

Pojednání shrnuje základní argumenty knihy Hegelova fenomenologie světa (2018). Autorka se připojuje k tradici, která jenský spis vykládá jako tzv. Bildungsroman, a na tomto pozadí osvětluje pojem světa, který jí slouží jako hermeneutický klíč celkové interpretace knihy. Proti tradičním interpretacím Fenomenologie jako „Bildungsromanu“ autorka tvrdí, že se zde „nebuduje“ vědomí, ale konkrétní forma světa. Vědomí vychází ve svém vnímání, myšlení a jednání vždy z určitého konceptu světa či světskosti. V tomto smyslu chápe autorka svět jako model skutečnosti podmiňující vědomí ve výkonu poznání i jednání. Postup Fenomenologie je vývojem, v němž se jednotlivé světy coby „konkrétní celky“, tedy modely skutečnosti, postupně hroutí, protože skutečnost nedostatečně vystihují. Tento nedostatek se typicky ohlašuje v zakoušených epistemologických, morálních či praktických nezdarech. Absolutní vědění je pojato jako ta úroveň, na níž se podaří formulovat svět, který skutečnosti, alespoň podle Hegelova nároku, nejlépe „odpovídá“: tento svět stojí na uznání konečnosti a plurality jakožto konstitutivních principů skutečnosti.
Ohlašuje Hegel konec náboženství?
Authors: Navrátilová Olga 
Published: January 2021

Autorka si v článku klade otázku, nakolik Hegel ve své filosofii ohlašuje konec náboženství jakožto specifické formy vztahování se ke světu, a tak předjímá postupující sekularizaci západní kultury. Autorka vychází z tvrzení Terezy Matějčkové v její knize Hegelova fenomenologie světa, podle nějž je Hegelem oznamovaný konec třeba chápat nikoli ve smyslu časovém, nýbrž jakožto konec ve smyslu završení, odhalení principu, který se stává „středem“ nové perspektivy. Aniž by si autorka stati kladla za cíl tuto mnohokrát opakovanou otázku po výkladu Hegelovy teze o konci náboženství rozhodnout, přináší argumenty jak na podporu tvrzení Terezy Matějčkové, tak také ty, které s tímto tvrzením polemizují.
„Dějiny literatury skýtají výjimečnou ilustraci“
Authors: Vojvodík Josef 
Published: January 2021

Tereza Matějčková se ve své knize vztahuje k literárním obrazům světa: komentuje Hegelovy filozofické výklady literárních děl (Sofokles, Diderot, Goethe, Schiller) nebo interpretuje literární díla autorů 20. století (Semprún, Jünger, Marguerite Yourcenar). Její komentáře a interpretace se dotýkají problémů a témat, které podstatně spoluvytvářely esteticko-uměleckou a kulturně-politickou mentalitu umělecké avantgardy 20. století (zejména surrealismu) a moderny. Ve svém článku se věnuji třem tématům: 1) Metafoře Theatrum mundi, kterou si Tereza Matějčková zvolila jako název 8. kapitoly své knihy; 2) problému zla, násilí a „abstraktní existence“ v moderně a zejména v surrealismu; 3) konceptu „nových mytologií“ a „lyrizace světa“ v estetických esejích Karla Teigeho.
Odpověď na komentáře
Authors: Matějčková Tereza 
Published: January 2021

Autorka v pojednání odpovídá na čtyři reflexe své knihy Hegelova fenomenologie světa. V první části se věnuje základním pojmům, tak jak je komentuje Pirmin Stekeler, který vyzdvihuje především vztah pojmu světa ke svému vlastnímu pojmu životních forem. Vypořádává se rovněž s odlišnými interpretacemi vztahu sebevědomí na straně jedné a boje na život a na smrt na straně druhé. V závěru tohoto oddílu se zaměřuje na Stekelerovu koncepci Fenomenologie ducha jako mundiceje. V této souvislosti se autorka obrací k tématu náboženství, které je stěžejní pro příspěvek Olgy Navrátilové. Autorka odmítá návrh Olgy Navrátilové chápat Hegelovu řeč o konci náboženství jako anticipaci zániku náboženství. Zdůrazňuje, že Hegel usiluje o podržení všech tří momentů ducha, které jsou na symbolické rovině vyjádřeny jako Otec – Syn – Duch Svatý. Přestože vychyluje dynamiku směrem k Duchu, netvrdí, že by pojem transcendence, tak jak jej na úrovni náboženství ztělesňuje Bůh, měl být překonán ve smyslu jeho zničení. V reakci na pojednání od Josefa Vojvodíka zdůrazňuje autorka důležitost děl romantiků pro Hegelovu filosofii, především ironie a humoru, avšak vždy v jejich objektivních, nikoliv subjektivních podobách. Ironie není vlastností subjektivního ducha, ale objektivní skutečnosti. V poslední části se autorka věnuje reflexi Tomáše Kordy, který vznáší nárok radikální aktualizace: podle autora by bylo záhodno domyslet Fenomenologii a promítnout její tezi, resp. Hegelovu filosofii vůbec do naší současnosti, a tak sledovat, do jaké míry se duch vzdělával i po Hegelově době. Tento typ aktualizace autorka odmítá a navrhuje, že aktualizovat je možné Hegelův styl, méně již jeho pojem dějin.
Expression of Tp53 and USP7 during development of lungs in mouse model.
Authors: Mughal Amna , Hu Mushtaq , Amjad Zaheer , Parveen Khalida , Mustansar Tazeen 
Published: January 2021

Background: Much of the human developmental biology, especially at the molecular resolution, has been investigated on a mouse model. Resultantly, it has been demonstrated that lungs development is underpinned by differential and time course dependent expression of many proteins, including Tp53. However, the expression of USP7 (Ubiquitin Specific Protease 7), a deubiquitinase of Tp53 (tumor protein 53), has not been reported for the process. The study focuses on expressional changes of Tp53 and its stabilizer protein USP7 during the development of lungs.
Methodology: Briefly, mice embryos of three different stages of lungs development, pseudoglandular, canalicular and saccular stages, were retrieved from pregnant mice and subjected to histological studies. Morphometric measurements of tubules diameter, tubular wall thickness and tubular lumen diameter were taken during the three stages. Expressions of Tp53 and USP7 in the developing lungs were investigated using immunohistochemistry and statistically analyzed in terms of optical density.
Results: Anatomically, decreases in tubular diameter and tubule wall thickness were observed from the canalicular to the saccular stage, whereas no significant differences were found between the stages in relation to the luminal diameter of tubules. Expression of Tp53 gradually increased in tubules from the pseudoglandular and saccular stage (p=0.0169). However, no difference was observed in interstitial tissue in all three stages. In comparison, USP7 expression was found to increase from pseudoglandular to the canalicular stage in both tubules and interstitial tissue. A positive correlation was only observed between Tp53 and USP7 expression in the interstitial tissue.
Conclusion: The results suggest expression of Tp53 is mainly regulated by USP7 during lungs development in tubules and interstitial tissue, especially between canalicular and saccular stages of lungs development.
Anti-atherogenic effect of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) administration with a high cholesterol diet and its effect on hyperlipidemia in female Wistar rats.
Authors: Qaiser Wajeeha , Sohail Sumera , Iqbal Khan Nazish , Naz Lubna , Yasmeen Ghazala , Shamim Mufzala 
Published: January 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) persists to be the world's leading reason for mortality and morbidity. The major type of CVD is coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is the obstruction of coronary arteries frequently instigated by arteriosclerosis (plaque buildup in the coronary artery, which hampers blood flow to the myocardial muscles). This research was conducted to examine the effects of oral intake of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) powder on hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis (induced through high-fat diet) in female Wistar rats. The pharmacological effects of flaxseed are diverse. It has an antiarrhythmic effect, anti-arthritic effect, antilipidemic, atherosclerosis, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant activity effect on the body.
Methodology: A total of 32 female Wistar rats (200 g) were divided equally into four groups. Group I (n=8) rats kept as control and given normal rat chow diet, Group II rats kept as positive control for induction of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis by addition of saturated edible fat to the standard diet (high cholesterol diet - HCD), Group III rats fed with flaxseed powder at 7.5 g/kg of rat/day in the standard rat chow diet and kept as flaxseed control, and Group IV rats supplemented with flaxseed at 7.5 g/kg of rat/day along with HCD and maintained for 15 days.
Results: Group II rats showed higher lipid profile and glucose level. Flaxseed supplementation, along with a high cholesterol diet, drastically restored the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) decreasing frequency of CAD. Histologic investigations showed preserved myocardial walls with minor changes in flaxseed treated rats, whereas increased lymphoid aggregation with inflammation in high fat + flaxseed treated.
Conclusion: The biochemical assays and histological results showed the moderate cardio-protective activity of flaxseed administration for 15 days along with a high-fat diet was found to moderately reduce the CVD risk in rats.
Effect of Nature-based physical activity on post-traumatic growth among Healthcare providers with post-traumatic Stress: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Noushad Shamoon , Ansari Basit , Ahmed Sadaf , Saleem Yusra 
Published: January 2021

Background: In the aftermath of trauma, post-traumatic growth is demarcated as a positive change and traumatic stress as a negative change, which further leads to PTSD. Previous studies have also indicated that both constructs can co-exist. Detailed descriptions of post-traumatic stress reactions are available in the literature, but the psychophysiological phenomenon of post-traumatic growth is still unclear. Studies have shown that the restorative effects of nature-based therapy have been accounted for a reduction in stress and increase positive affect. The purpose of designing this randomized control trial is to observe nature-based walk on post-traumatic growth and Psychophysiological alterations associated with it.
Methodology: This study is designed to examine recreational exposure to the natural environment for the promotion of post-traumatic growth among health care providers with traumatic stress. In addition, to assess whether post-traumatic growth is associated with psychophysiological alterations, i.e. Cortisol, C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor and Heart Rate Variability. At baseline, the participant will be assessed with Trauma Symptom Checklist 40 to evaluate trauma intensity. Moreover, subjects who had developed PTG or did not have any trauma intensity will be excluded from the study. Blinded treatment will be provided to subjects meeting eligibility criteria and will be randomized into two groups sequentially as they agree to participate. The nature-based walk will be used as an intervention or experimental group vs the control (sit in nature). The study outcomes will be observed at baseline and 3-month follow-up.
Discussion: This trial will provide information on the effectiveness of nature-based walk therapy. Moreover, one of the more promising findings of this research will be essential information about trauma-related psychophysiological effects. This study will also evaluate both (experimental and control) groups that influence whether negative changes accompany positive changes in the aftermath of trauma or not.
Trial registration: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04592770).
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA KERUSAKAN PADA LAPTOP MENGGUNAKAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR
Authors: Mulyono Heri , Darman Regina Ade , Ramadhan Gefli 
Published: January 2021

<p><em>Laptop merupakan salah satu peralatan komputasi yang dapat membantu manusia dalam menjalankan aktifitas atau pekerjaan. Penggunaan alat ini cenderung mengalami peningkatan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan tuntutan profesi. Dengan banyaknya jumlah pengguna maka potensi kerusakan pada laptop semakin besar. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana membuat aplikasi yang dapat membantu para user dalam mendiagnosa kerusakan pada laptop. Metode yang digunakan dalam membuat sistem pakar ini adalah certainty factor. Hasil penelitian ini berupa suatu sistem pakar berbasis desktop yang dapat memberikan informasi tentang masalah, penyebab, dan solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kerusakan.</em> <em>Sistem pakar ini telah diuji secara blackbox testing dan semua komponen bekerja sesuai dengan rancangan. Sistem ini juga telah divalidasi oleh pakar dan memperoleh kevalidan sebesar 91,66 % sehingga dapat dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan.</em></p><p class="Abstract"> </p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: laptop, sistem pakar, certainty factor.
Comparative Assessment of Competitiveness of Passenger Transportation
Authors: Filimonova Z. V. 
Published: January 2021

The article presents the methodological principles and results of the analysis of key economic indicators for transportation of passengers by rail in the largest countries of the world (France, Germany, USA, Japan, China, and India) in comparison with similar indicators in Russia to determine reference objects for assessing competitiveness of the segment of rail passenger transportation in Russia.Features of railway systems of the countries under consideration have been briefly analysed. To better demonstrate the results of the analysis, the study objects were enlarged following territorial criterion, i.e., the results are presented not for individual companies, but for the countries where the companies operate.The calculation of quality indicators of transportation activities for each of the countries considered has been carried out resulted in compilation of a matrix reflecting to some extent the current situation in development of passenger railway transportation. Recommendations have been formulated on the choice of reference objects depending on the specified criteria of comparison.
Introduction of the Latest Railway Technology based on Intersectoral Cooperation
Authors: Troitskiy P. S. 
Published: January 2021

The article studies direct and external effects produced by the development of railway infrastructure facilities. Examples of intersectoral cooperation in the transport sector in Russian and international practices confirm that development of intersectoral production and transport interaction of business entities allows to radically accelerate scientific and technological progress in the railway industry, namely, to develop and introduce new models of railway rolling stock, new transportation technology, considering also regional features of the transportation market.The practical part considers the advantages of introduction of freight electric multiple-unit trains (FEMUT), identifying the main groups of cargo owners, for whom this type of rolling stock is intended. The results of calculations show possible reduction in running time and in specific consumption of electric power when introducing FEMUT. The calculated costs of self-propelled (motor) and trailer wagons of FEMUT are followed by the results of economic calculations of NPV of life cycle operation of FEMUT in comparison with a train with locomotive traction. To achieve the stated objectives of the research, the work uses methods and tools of technical comparison and of financial planning.
Efficiency of Planning the Reconstruction of Railway Facilities Using BIM
Authors: Volkov B. A. , Boyarinov D. A. 
Published: January 2021

The development of industrial enterprises and the growth of the logistics market require a new approach of planning the construction and reconstruction of railway infrastructure facilities. For the efficient functioning of the transport system, it is necessary to balance the infrastructure capacity and the needs of the freight and passenger transport market. Uneven growth in traffic volumes applies an extra load to the railway network.Reconstruction of an infrastructure facility can be considered as a phased increase in the production capacity of an enterprise, considering the indicators of net present value (NPV) and labour costs based on the dynamic programming method.The article analyses the issue of using BIM‑modelling in planning the reconstruction of railway infrastructure facilities. The concept of a digital railway is considered as an example since digital railway projects are the main drivers of the economy of many countries.Reconstruction of railways in the context of a lack of information about the existing infrastructure facility is an urgent problem for the design organization when conducting surveys in difficult conditions, agreeing on the list of engineering networks and linking the infrastructure of the design object with external asset holders.The objective of the article is to consider the dominant role of BIM for the infrastructure reconstruction projects using a method for economic assessment of investment options based on dynamic programming according to NPV indicator.
Korupsi, Hibah dan Hadiah dalam Persfektif Hukum Islam (Klarifikasi dan Pencegahan Korupsi)
Authors: Sabir Muhammad , Mutmainnah Iin 
Published: January 2021

<p><em>This study attends to analyze the ulama perspective regarding the corruption, gift and grants, as well as the actions taken to prevent corruption. Qualitative descriptive is type of this research and uses a juridical sociology approach in analyzing corruption. Prizes and grants that are assumed to be gratuities are basically commendable acts but can lead to criminal acts of corruption when related to officials government. while the ulama agree that corruption is an illegal act. And the preventing and overcoming corruption is to carry out strict supervision and to give strict sanctions to the perpetrators.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pandangan ulama menyangkut korupsi, hadiah dan hibah, serta tindakan yang dilakukan dalam mencegah tindak pidana korupsi. Deskriptif kualitatif merupakan jenis penelitian ini dan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi yuridis dalam menganalisis tindak pidana korupsi. Hadiah dan hibah yang diasumsikan sebagai gratifikasi pada dasarnya merupakan perbuatan terpuji namun bisa berujung pada tindak pidana korupsi apabila berkaitan dengan pejabat. </em><em>S</em><em>ementara ulama bersepakat bahwa korupsi adalah perbuatan haram. Hal yang dilakukan dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan tindak pidana korupsi ialah melakukan pengawasan ketat dan memberika</em><em>n</em><em> san</em><em>k</em><em>si yang tegas kepada para pelaku.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>