bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using cultural heritage sites in Mexico to understand the poverty alleviation impacts of protected areas
Authors: Quadri‐Barba Paulo , Sims Katharine R.E. , Millard‐Ball Adam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWin—win outcomes between biodiversity conservation and local economic development are now a goal of many governments and conservation organizations but can be difficult to achieve. Where they occur, reductions in poverty from protected areas are often thought to be driven by economic gains from tourism that are sufficient to outweigh losses due to restrictions on land‐use or resource extraction. However, evidence about this channel is scarce. In this paper, we explore the potential compensatory effect of tourism by comparing poverty alleviation outcomes for cultural heritage sites in Mexico across two decades from 1990 to 2010. These sites are similar to protected areas in terms of attracting tourists, but they do not impose substantial restrictions on local land or resource use, allowing us to isolate tourism as a possible channel for economic development. Overall, we find mixed evidence that proximity to cultural heritage sites is associated with poverty reduction. During the first study period (1990–2000), localities close to cultural heritage sites saw reduced poverty of 0.034 standard deviations for each additional site. However, during the second period (2000–2010), localities close to heritage sites saw less poverty reduction than the comparison group (−0.014 standard deviations for each additional site). In both periods, poverty alleviation effects were not consistently correlated with the total number of visitors, but were larger further from cities, where baseline poverty was higher, and in the Yucatán Peninsula. This heterogeneity indicates that variability in the ability of local communities to capture benefits from tourism depends on a particular combination of institutional and geographic factors—as was the case in the Yucatan peninsula, where cultural heritage sites had consistent poverty alleviation effects over two decades.
Late occurrence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy
Authors: Mian Agrima , Andrapalliyal Nirmal , Weathers Allison L. , Pohlman Brad , Hill Brian T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a life‐threatening infection of the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients, with an established predilection in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and stem cell transplant recipients. In the era of chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (CAR T‐cell), the occurrence of new‐onset neurological symptoms and encephalopathy in this patient population can be attributed to a variety of factors, including therapy‐related neurotoxicity or disease progression. PML has not been implicated as a common cause of encephalopathy in CAR T‐cell therapy recipients, and the identification of such rare infections is important to guide prognosis and treatment decisions. We hereby report the first case of late occurrence of PML, over one year after CAR T‐cell therapy, for a patient with relapsed large B‐cell lymphoma.
A plea for equitable global access to COVID‐19 diagnostics, vaccination and therapy: The NeuroCOVID‐19 Task Force of the European Academy of Neurology
Authors: Sellner Johann , Jenkins Thomas M. , von Oertzen Tim J. , Bassetti Claudio L. , Beghi Ettore , Bereczki Daniel , Bodini Benedetta , Cavallieri Francesco , Di Liberto Giovanni , Helbok Raimund , Macerollo Antonella , Maia Luis F. , Oreja‐Guevara Celia , Özturk Serefnur , Rakusa Martin , Pisani Antonio , Priori Alberto , Sauerbier Anna , Soffietti Riccardo , Taba Pille , Zedde Marialuisa , Crean Michael , Burlica Anja , Twardzik Alex , Moro Elena ,   for the EAN NeuroCOVID‐19 Task Force
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a multi‐organ disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), continues to challenge health and care systems around the globe. The pandemic has disrupted acute neurology services and routine patient care and has impacted the clinical course in patients with chronic neurological disease. COVID‐19 appears to have exposed inequalities of societies and healthcare systems and had a disproportionate impact on already vulnerable communities. The next challenge will be to set up initiatives to stop disparities in all aspects related to COVID‐19. From the medical perspective, there is a need to consider inequalities in prevention, treatment and long‐term consequences. Some of the issues of direct relevance to neurologists are summarised. With this appraisal, the European Academy of Neurology NeuroCOVID‐19 Task Force intends to raise awareness of the potential impact of COVID‐19 on inequalities in healthcare and calls for action to prevent disparity at individual, national and supranational levels.
Parkinson's disease patients' needs during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a red zone: A framework analysis of open‐ended survey questions
Authors: Cavallieri Francesco , Sireci Francesca , Fioravanti Valentina , Toschi Giulia , Rispoli Vittorio , Antonelli Francesca , Costantini Massimo , Ghirotto Luca , Valzania Franco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeDuring the first phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a lockdown was imposed in Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions, feelings and unmet needs of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who experienced the 2‐month lockdown in a “red zone” in the northern part of Italy during the COVID‐19 outbreak.MethodsThe study had a descriptive design that used a cross‐sectional online survey which included open‐ended questions to elicit responses on the participant's feelings concerning their risk of contracting coronavirus, how their physical activity had changed, and their personal needs, dictated by their condition, which were not met in this pandemic period as compared to previous periods. Demographic data were analysed using descriptive frequencies, while the open‐ended questions were analysed using thematic framework analysis.ResultsThe study included 103 participants (63 men/40 women [61.17 vs. 38.83%]). Framework analysis led to the identification of four main themes: (i) fearing the risk of contracting coronavirus; (ii) reduction of physical activity; (iii) perception of the risk of not being able to access outpatient clinics or support services; and (iv) negative experiences of the important reduction in socialization. The perceptions of unmet needs appeared to be greater than the actual experience, particularly for the reduction in physical activity and the interruption of contacts with the neurologist and other specialists.ConclusionsThis study highlights how perceptions and actual experience shape the meaning of living with PD during the pandemic. Worth noting is the divergence between perceptions and real impact in some aspects of the COVID‐19 outbreak.
Consumption of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Rhizopogon roseolus and R. luteolus by Chamaesyrphus japonicus (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: Okada Hidehito , Sueyoshi Masahiro , Suetsugu Kenji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn spite of the uniform flower feeding habitat of adult hoverflies, their larval feeding ecology is diverse. The genus Chamaesyrphus Mik, 1895, is rare and its larval feeding ecology is entirely unknown. Here we reported larval feeding ecology of Chamaesyrphus japonicus Shiraki, 1956. We found that nine larvae of Cha. japonicus fed on five fruitbodies of ectomycorrhizal hypogeous basidiomycete fungi Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th. Fr., Svensk, 1909, while two larvae of Cha. japonicus fed on two fruitbodies of Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. & Nordholm, 1817. This is the first documentation of the mycophagy in the genus Chamaesyrphus. Gut contents of the dissected larvae contained a lot of undamaged spores, suggesting that Cha. japonicus larvae may be spore transporter of them.
Post‐exercise endoscopic and cytologic diagnosis of equine asthma syndrome in asymptomatic Brazilian pacers
Authors: Beling J. C. F. , Santos D. M. S. A. , Ferreira M. P. , Silva P. C. A. R. , Costa M. F. M. , Lessa D. A. B. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe objectives were: 1. to investigate the occurrence of equine asthma syndrome (EAS) in a group of Campolina and Mangalarga Marchador horses through post‐exercise respiratory endoscopy and cytology; 2. compare the efficiency of different diagnostic criteria; and 3. compare the incidence of EAS by breed, age group and sex. A standardised exercise test was conducted in the field, followed by respiratory endoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage and fluid collection 30 min post‐exercise. Clinical evaluation pre‐ and post‐exercise, respiratory endoscopy post‐exercise and bronchoalveolar lavage, also post‐exercise, were conducted in 30 horses (15 Campolina and 15 Mangalarga Marchador) aged 3–18 years, without a history of respiratory illness and without clinical evidence of active respiratory disease. All horses were in active training and were considered fit to participate in equestrian competition characteristic of these breeds. Post‐collection, the horses were subdivided into healthy or EAS‐positive, depending on several diagnostic criteria. Statistical comparisons between breeds, age brackets (up to 7 years of age and above 7 years of age) and sex were conducted using appropriate statistical tests. According to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, 56.7% of the horses showed at least one inclusion criteria that contributed to classification as EAS‐positive. Of those, only one was classified as moderate EAS, while the others were classified as mild. Total cell count in the BALF above 530 cells/µL was the single most common diagnostic criteria (100%), followed by increased tracheal mucus (53%) at endoscopy, eosinophilia (47%) and neutrophilia (35%) in BALF. Significant differences were found between macrophage and lymphocyte numbers according to breed, but no other differences between breeds, age brackets, sex or status (healthy vs. EAS‐positive). A high occurrence of EAS was found in competition‐ready Mangalarga and Campolina pacer horses in this study.
Teriflunomide‐associated urolithiasis: a new adverse reaction explained by its uricosuric effect
Authors: Largeau Bérenger , Béra Frédéric , Vannier Jacques , Jonville‐Béra Annie‐Pierre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn clinical trials, few investigations have been conducted to determine the mechanism involved in teriflunomide‐associated kidney stone formation. We report the first case of recurrent teriflunomide‐induced uric acid urolithiasis. A 55‐year‐old man with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis experienced three occurrences of urolithiasis several months after the initiation of teriflunomide. While serum uric acid remained stable at 280 mmol/L, 24‐h urine uric acid was increased to 2195 mmol/24 h. For the third episode, computed tomography showed three bladder stones and one stone in the right calyceal group. Endovesical lithotripsy was used to extract four orange‐colored stones of more than 20 mm. Stone analysis exhibited morphology subtype IIIb with 100% of anhydrous uric acid. Given the disease control, teriflunomide was continued. After urinary alkalinization by potassium citrate, the patient remained asymptomatic at 18 months follow‐up. An inhibitory effect of dihydroorotate and/or teriflunomide on urate tubular reabsorption could explain teriflunomide‐associated uric acid urolithiasis. This case in a patient without risk factors suggests that multiple sclerosis patients may be at greater risk of forming uric acid urinary stones when taking teriflunomide. Alkalinization of the urine may reduce the risk of recurrence, allowing further treatment with teriflunomide.
Local and continental‐scale controls of the onset of spring phytoplankton blooms: Conclusions from a proxy‐based model
Authors: Gronchi Enzo , Jöhnk Klaus D. , Straile Dietmar , Diehl Sebastian , Peeters Frank 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA key phenological event in the annual cycle of many pelagic ecosystems is the onset of the spring algal bloom (OAB). Descriptions of the factors controlling the OAB in temperate to polar lakes have been limited to isolated studies of single systems and conceptual models. Here we present a validated modelling approach that, for the first time, enables a quantitative prediction of the OAB and a systematic assessment of the processes controlling its timing on a continental scale. We used a weather‐driven, one‐dimensional lake model to simulate the seasonal dynamics of the underwater light climate in 16 lake types characterized by the factorial combination of four lake depths with four levels of water transparency. We did so at 1962 locations across Western Europe and over 31 years (1979–2009). Assuming that phytoplankton production is light‐limited in winter, we identified four patterns of OAB control across lake types and climate zones. OAB timing is controlled by (i) the timing of ice‐off in ice‐covered clear or shallow lakes, (ii) the onset of thermal stratification in sufficiently deep and turbid lakes and (iii) the seasonal increase in incident radiation in all other lakes, except for (iv) ice‐free, shallow and clear lakes in the south, where phytoplankton is not light‐limited. The model predicts that OAB timing should respond to two pervasive environmental changes, global warming and browning, in opposite ways. OAB timing should be highly sensitive to warming in lakes where it is controlled by either ice‐off or the onset of stratification, but resilient to warming in lakes where it is controlled by incident radiation. Conversely, OAB timing should be most sensitive to browning where it is controlled by incident radiation, but resilient to browning where it is controlled by ice‐off or the onset of stratification. Available lake data are consistent with our findings.
Employability as a capacity for agency in the workplace: The implications for higher education of a collective perspective on work
Authors: Kahn Peter , Lundgren‐Resenterra Mariangela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGraduate employability is now typically conceptualised in terms of the extent to which the capacities of individual students match the available employment opportunities. As a result, higher education is increasingly seen as an investment in a project of the self for economic reward. This theoretical study draws on critical realist perspectives to problematise existing understandings of employability. It explores a collective perspective on work, analysing the institutional, social and reflexive basis for agency in workplaces. This exploration supports a conceptualisation in which graduate employability is understood as the capacity of a graduate to act as an agent within the workplace in ways that contribute to the maintenance and elaboration of collectives. It is argued that were higher education to treat collectives as an integral aspect of learning, then workplaces could be aligned more directly towards values that matter to society.
The rise, demise and replacement of the Bangladesh experiment in transnational labour regulation
Authors: KANG Youbin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFive years after the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in 2013 – a disaster that killed 1,133 garment workers – the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh, a multi‐stakeholder programme designed to set labour standards for the garment industry, was terminated by Bangladesh's highest court. Widely hailed as a promising example of transnational regulation, the Accord was never successfully institutionalized locally. On the basis of archival and ethnographic work in Bangladesh, the author suggests that, although the Accord successfully upgraded factory safety standards, its failure to build widespread support among local employers, workers and the Government led to its termination and replacement.
Managing eye conditions in primary care: a survey
Authors: Rahimzadeh Mana 
Published: January 2021

PurposePatients with acute ophthalmic symptoms often present first to their general practitioner (GP). It is therefore essential that GPs are confident in managing eye conditions by the end of their training programme.MethodsThe survey was designed and emailed to practices across the country. There were 32 responses (12 GP registrars, 11 GPs with 0–10 years experience and 9 GPs with more than 10 years experience).Results50% (n = 16) of the GPs report feeling ‘not very comfortable’ and 50% (n = 16) ‘quite comfortable’ in managing eye conditions. Furthermore, in response to the questions ‘how comfortable do you feel using an ophthalmoscope’ and ‘how comfortable do you feel ruling out optic disc oedema’, average scores were 4.9 and 3.8 out of ten, respectively. When asked how the training programme prepared them for managing eye conditions, 31% (n = 10) report ‘not well at all’. Commonly suggested improvements to the current training programme included more time in eye casualty or clinics and training days delivered by ophthalmologists.ConclusionsThere is evidence that patients with acute eye conditions are poorly assessed in primary care, leading to treatment delays and reported cases of permanent sight loss. This survey supports existing evidence that there is insufficient confidence amongst GPs in managing eye conditions. More training is clearly required as part of the general training programme.
The top ten research priorities for rare mitochondrial diseases: results of a patient/health professional priority setting partnership
Authors: Votruba Marcela , Butterworth Lyndsey , Feeney Catherine , Graves Tracey , Holmes Sarah , Hunter Amy , Lowndes Jo , Rahman Shamima , Sharpe Jenny , Thomas Rhys , Upadhaya Sheela , Weaver Lindsay , Wheeler Russell 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe primary mitochondrial disorders encompass a wide‐reaching number of clinical presentations and a spectrum of severity. It is therefore vital to know that research that is designed by academics and competitively funded, meets the core needs of people with mitochondrial disorders and their clinicians.MethodsThe Priority Setting Partnerships (PSPs) are an established and collaborative methodology that brings patients, charity representatives and clinicians together to try to establish the most pressing and unanswered research priorities. After a scoping exercise to identify relevant partners, we chose to include questions relevant to children and adults (many people have life‐long conditions) and limit our focus to the primary mitochondrial disorders. We developed a web‐based questionnaire disseminated widely asking for all patients, carers and clinicians to pose their important research questions.ResultsThis yielded 709 questions from 50 patients, 47 carers and 50 clinicians. These were grouped in to themes and were filtered for statements that were personal stories, for example, and not answerable questions. A literature search was undertaken to ensure that each question was unanswered from current evidence. This process resulted in a list of 42 discrete, answerable questions.ConclusionsAll patients and clinicians again were invited to prioritise these 42 questions using a web‐platform and a rank of ‘important’ to ‘less important’ questions was created. This identified 24 questions that were taken forward for a face‐to‐face workshop attended by a diverse range of patients, carers, charity representatives and clinicians where the relative merits and strengths of each question were debated to create a definitive ‘top 10 of unanswered research questions for mitochondrial disorders’. At every stage, we have actively sought to be inclusive of people who do not have English as a first language and people with visual impairment.
Epithelial alternate exposure to air and liquid further improves human corneas stored in the active storage machine
Authors: Garcin Thibaud , He Zhiguo , Herbepin Pascal , Forest Fabien , Thuret Gilles , Gain Philippe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThe standard version of our corneal active storage machine (ASM) maintains corneas viability much better than standard organ culture over 1 and 3 months (Am J Transplant 2019, Transplantation 2020). While it aims at recreating a physiologic environment (IOP and medium renewal), corneas were nevertheless immersed from both sides, probably contributing to slightly higher thickness than in vivo.AimTo assess whether epithelial alternate exposure to air and liquid (AirLifting, AL) could further improve quality of corneas stored into the ASM.MethodsTwenty paired human corneas (initial ECD > 2000 cells/mm2 and <10% difference between right and left) were randomized to be stored for 1 month in the ASM either fully immersed or with AL. All other parameters were similar: IOP (21 mmHg), endothelial medium flow (2.6 μL/min) and nature (CMax, Eurobio). AL was done with CMax (6 cycles air‐liquid/min). Specular microscopy ECD, OCT thickness, transparency were monitored at Day (D)2, D26, D28. Pancorneal viable ECD (Hoechst/Ethidium/Calcein‐AM), histology, immunostaining, western blot for epithelial cells and endothelial cells (ECs) structure/functions proteins were done at D28.ResultsAt D2, ECD was 2412 ± 222 versus 2385 ± 251 cells/mm2 (p = 0.349) respectively with and without AL and 2109 ± 165 versus 2119 ± 199 cells/mm2 (p = 0.621) at D26. The viable ECD at D28 was 2170 ± 321 versus 2185 ± 275cells/mm2 (p = 0.794). All corneas remained thin transparent during storage and at D28 only, corneas were thinner with AL: 667 ± 60μm versus 695 ± 55μm without (p = 0.048). Epithelial quality was similar, but the epithelium was thicker with AL (49 ± 20) than without (23 ± 7μm) (p = 0.001) and had more cell layers. Endothelial cells structure/functions were similar.ConclusionsBy mimicking blinking, AL enhances epithelium structure during storage into the ASM. It may also slightly help controlling corneal thickness. ASM with AL may be useful for penetrating and anterior keratoplasty as well as for research works.
Systematic review on the current state of simulation training in glaucoma surgery
Authors: Naveed Hasan , Scantling‐Birch Yarrow , Bin Lee Han , Lindfield Dan 
Published: January 2021

PurposeSimulation provides a realistic environment to learn technical and non‐technical skills for surgical trainees, without compromising patient safety. Glaucoma surgery is intricate and complex, demanding the highest order of manual dexterity and skill. Mastering the array of glaucoma procedures takes time and practice. High‐fidelity simulation offers a solution to learn this effectively in an artificial environment before operating on patients. The purpose of this study was to summarise the literature and identify simulation training models available to learn glaucoma surgery.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library were systematically searched using keywords and MeSH terms: simulation, training, education, learning, glaucoma surgery, filtering surgery, shunting surgery and MIGS. The search yielded 148 articles, these were filtered by abstract and/or title by two independent reviewers.ResultsA total of 6 articles published in English with full text available were identified. All studies used high‐fidelity simulators, a trainee cohort and tested technical skills. No study examined non‐technical skills. Three studies described wet‐lab simulators for MIGS and three studies described a mix of wet and dry‐lab simulators for trabeculectomy surgery. Three studies used human cadaveric eyes, two studies adopted pig eyes and one study employed fruit. Only one study used a validated instrument in assessing technical skills of trainees.ConclusionsSimulation provides an immersive scenario for both trainees and seniors to practice procedural techniques that increase expertise, reduce cognitive load and improve patient safety. There is a limited number of models for simulation training in glaucoma surgery, impeding the ability of trainees to learn evolving surgical techniques. Further work is required in producing high‐fidelity, but cost‐effective simulators in glaucoma surgery to train technical and non‐technical skills.