bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I‐Type Cosmic Spherules as Proxy for the Δ′17O of the Atmosphere—A Calibration With Quaternary Air
Authors: Fischer Meike B. , Oeser Martin , Weyer Stefan , Folco Luigi , Peters Stefan T. M. , Zahnow Fabian , Pack Andreas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRemnants of shooting stars are preserved in form of cosmic spherules in ice and sediments. The extraterrestrial material is heated and melted upon atmospheric entry and is collected at the Earth's surface as cosmic spherules. A fraction of cosmic spherules (I‐type cosmic spherules) sources from extraterrestrial Fe,Ni metal. These metal particles melt and become oxidized in the atmosphere. The oxygen in the resulting oxides (magnetite, wüstite) sources entirely from the atmosphere. Here, we demonstrate that I‐type cosmic spherules can be used to reconstruct the triple oxygen isotope anomaly of the past atmosphere, which provides information on the gross primary productivity and/or paleo‐CO2 levels. We present a calibration of the proxy using Antarctic cosmic spherules. We further introduce Δ′56Fe and demonstrate that triple iron isotopes can be used to obtain information about the underlying fractionation mechanism (e.g., kinetic vs. equilibrium fractionation).
Initiation and Evolution of the Shanxi Rift System in North China: Evidence From Low‐Temperature Thermochronology in a Plate Reconstruction Framework
Authors: Su Peng , He Honglin , Tan Xibin , Liu Yiduo , Shi Feng , Kirby Eric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Shanxi Rift System (SRS) is a prominent intracontinental rift in eastern Eurasia. However, its tectonic origin remains enigmatic, as the timing of rift initiation and its subsequent evolution is not well constrained. To evaluate the cooling history of rift flanks, we present joint apatite fission track (n = 15) and apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He (n = 62) thermochronological study across the Huo Shan and the Zhongtiao Shan in the central and southern SRS, respectively. Inverse modeling of the thermochronological data yields two episodes of enhanced exhumation during the Cenozoic. Both ranges record rapid cooling circa 50‐35 Ma, coeval with a phase of widespread rifting across entire North China. Data from the Zhongtiao Shan record renewed cooling from ∼8 Ma to the present, following a protracted near‐isothermal condition. Considering the SRS in the context of plate reconstructions, we propose that the Eocene rift initiation is triggered by the subduction of the trench‐parallel Izanagi‐Pacific mid‐ocean ridge followed by subduction of the Pacific plate. Tectonic quiescence along the Shanxi rift during Oligocene and Miocene time reflects slow thermal subsidence as the Pacific subduction regime was established. In late Miocene, faults associated with the SRS were reactivated in dextral transtension linked to fault systems that extend outward from the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. This kinematic reorganization implies a fundamental change in force balance throughout North China. Overall, our results reflect the changing influence of tectonic regimes along the eastern Eurasian plate boundary and intracontinental deformation associated with the India‐Eurasia collision.
Cenozoic Exhumation History of the Eastern Margin of the Northern Canadian Cordillera
Authors: McKay Ryan , Enkelmann Eva , Hadlari Thomas , Matthews William , Mouthereau Frédéric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNew low‐temperature thermochronology data from clastic sedimentary rocks in the northern Richardson Mountains, Canada, indicate significant exhumational cooling during late Eocene–early Oligocene time. Apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He (AHe) data were collected from 19 Proterozoic–Paleocene rocks across a 115 km transect. Eighty‐eight single‐grain AHe dates range from 16–300 Ma and are generally younger than stratigraphic ages, indicative of thermal resetting by burial. Additionally, zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) dates from two Proterozoic–Cambrian rocks range from 49–123 Ma and suggest burial to >160°C. In contrast, ZHe dates from Jurassic sandstones are older than the stratigraphic age, which limits maximum burial to <160°C. Thermal history modeling reveals three phases of cooling, during the Paleocene–early Eocene (>65–50 Ma), late Eocene–early Oligocene (40–30 Ma), and late Oligocene–early Miocene (30–15 Ma). Most samples cooled during the first and second phases, whereas the third phase is less well constrained. In general, most rocks were below the sensitivity of AHe analysis since the early–middle Miocene. The results suggest a previously unrecognized phase of inferred deformation in the northern Richardson Mountains between 40–30 Ma. Our findings contribute to previous work that recognizes Late Cenozoic deformation along the eastern margin of the Northern Cordillera. We further investigated the potential mechanisms of this widespread deformation and suggest exhumation may relate to kinematic changes of the North American plate relative to structural trends along the margin of the Northern Cordillera.
Selective elimination of immunosuppressive T cells in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Awwad Mohamed H. S. , Mahmoud Abdelrahman , Bruns Heiko , Echchannaoui Hakim , Kriegsmann Katharina , Lutz Raphael , Raab Marc S. , Bertsch Uta , Munder Markus , Jauch Anna , Weisel Katja , Maier Bettina , Weinhold Niels , Salwender Hans Jürgen , Eckstein Volker , Hänel Mathias , Fenk Roland , Dürig Jan , Brors Benedikt , Benner Axel , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Hundemer Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElimination of suppressive T cells may enable and enhance cancer immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that the cell membrane protein SLAMF7 was highly expressed on immunosuppressive CD8+CD28-CD57+ Tregs in multiple myeloma (MM). SLAMF7 expression associated with T cell exhaustion surface markers and exhaustion-related transcription factor signatures. T cells from patients with a high frequency of SLAMF7+CD8+ T cells exhibited decreased immunoreactivity towards the MART-1aa26–35*A27L antigen. A monoclonal anti-SLAMF7 antibody (elotuzumab) specifically depleted SLAMF7+CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo via macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Anti-SLAMF7 treatment of MM patients depleted suppressive T cells in peripheral blood. These data highlight SLAMF7 as a marker for suppressive CD8+ Treg and suggest that anti-SLAMF7 antibodies can be used to boost anti-tumoral immune responses in cancer patients.
Daily intake of Lactobacillus alleviates autistic-like behaviors by ameliorating the 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolic disorder in VPA-treated rats during weaning and sexual maturation
Authors: Kong Qingmin , Wang Botao , Tian Peijun , Li Xiu , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Wang Gang 
Published: February 2021

The present study aimed to assess the ability of three Lactobacillus strains (L. helveticus CCFM1076, L. acidophilus La28, and L. acidophilus JCM 1132) to alleviate autistic-like behavioral symptoms in VPA-treated rats from weaning to sexual maturation.
Micro‐element statistics and their application in the study of soil model electrical conductivity
Authors: Cao Xiaobin , Wang Haiman , Wang Manxiang , Wei Ming , Liu Jiacai , Li Ruifang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe design of a grounding system is influenced by the soil conductivity. The cost of a ground grid in areas with different soil resistivities varies from tens to hundreds of times to achieve the same ground resistance. Existing studies have found that the electrical performance of soil changes suddenly with the change in water contents. However, it can only be assumed macroscopically that this change is caused by the connectivity of water distribution. Neither this assumption can be confirmed nor any critical conditions can be defined. This paper presents a mathematical study of soil conductivity from a microscopic point of view, known as the micro‐element statistical method. The method uses scientific statistical analysis to study the apparent conductivity of water elements in soil and is used to conclude that the apparent conductivity at the micro level is exponentially distributed. Based on the relationship between the mean of apparent conductivity distribution and water contents, the critical condition of soil resistivity mutation is defined, and the mechanism of soil resistivity change is explained. The method presented in this work can be used to study the influence of temperature, ion type concentration, solid particle type and pore structure on soil conductivity by changing the corresponding conditions and material type.
Cu2O hollow microspheres as electrode materials for non‐enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Yihui , Wu Xiujuan , Zhang Hao , Huang Shan , Yang Ying , Xie Adi , Wang Mingyan 
Published: February 2021

An enzyme‐free glucose electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity is highly attractive. In this work, an enzyme‐free glucose sensor with Cu2O hollow microspheres (Cu2O HMs) was prepared via hydrothermal method. The glucose sensor constructed by the prepared Cu2O HM structure exhibited a low detection limit of 0.13 μM, a high sensitivity of 277.1 μA/mM cm2, and the wide linear ranges of 0.05–1.5 and 1.5–6.0 mM. Furthermore, anti‐interference tests indicated that the prepared sensor exhibited good selectivity for glucose and practical application in human serum. The Cu2O sensor has great application potential in the development of enzyme‐free glucose sensor.
The LOFAR LBA Sky Survey
Authors: de Gasperin F. , Williams W. L. , Best P. , Brüggen M. , Brunetti G. , Cuciti V. , Dijkema T. J. , Hardcastle M. J. , Norden M. J. , Offringa A. , Shimwell T. , van Weeren R. , Bomans D. , Bonafede A. , Botteon A. , Callingham J. R. , Cassano R. , Chyży K. T. , Emig K. L. , Edler H. , Haverkorn M. , Heald G. , Heesen V. , Iacobelli M. , Intema H. T. , Kadler M. , Małek K. , Mevius M. , Miley G. , Mingo B. , Morabito L. K. , Sabater J. , Morganti R. , Orrú E. , Pizzo R. , Prandoni I. , Shulevski A. , Tasse C. , Vaccari M. , Zarka P. , Röttgering H. 
Published: February 2021

Context. The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is the only radio telescope that is presently capable of high-sensitivity, high-resolution (i.e. < 1 mJy beam−1 and < 15″) observations at ultra-low frequencies (< 100 MHz). To utilise these capabilities, the LOFAR Surveys Key Science Project is undertaking a large survey to cover the entire northern sky with Low Band Antenna (LBA) observations.
Aims. The LOFAR LBA Sky Survey (LoLSS) aims to cover the entire northern sky with 3170 pointings in the frequency range between 42 − 66 MHz, at a resolution of 15″ and at a sensitivity of 1 mJy beam−1 (1σ). In this work, we outline the survey strategy, the observational status, and the calibration techniques. We also briefly describe several of our scientific motivations and present the preliminary public data release.
Methods. The preliminary images were produced using a fully automated pipeline aimed at correcting all direction-independent effects in the data. Whilst the direction-dependent effects, such as those from the ionosphere, have not yet been corrected, the images presented in this work are still ten times more sensitive than previous available surveys at these low frequencies.
Results. The preliminary data release covers 740 deg2 around the HETDEX spring field region at an angular resolution of 47″ with a median noise level of 5 mJy beam−1. The images and the catalogue of 25 247 sources have been publicly released. We demonstrate that the system is capable of reaching a root mean square (rms) noise of 1 mJy beam−1 and an angular resolution of 15″ once direction-dependent effects are accounted for.
Conclusions. LoLSS will provide the ultra-low-frequency information for hundreds of thousands of radio sources, providing critical spectral information and producing a unique data set that can be used for a wide range of science topics, such as the search for high redshift galaxies and quasars, the study of the magnetosphere of exoplanets, and the detection of the oldest populations of cosmic-rays in galaxies, clusters of galaxies, as well as those produced by active galactic nuclei.
Die Zukunft der nephrologischen Fachpflege
Authors: Szablyar Beatrice 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Grundprinzip der Hämodialyse hat sich im Laufe ihrer kurzen Geschichte nicht verändert. Wesentliche Fortschritte in der Gerätetechnik, insbesondere die Volumensteuerung, haben aber für die Patienten eine viel bessere Verträglichkeit der Behandlung und für das Pflegepersonal eine vereinfachte Durchführung bewirkt. Eine vollständige Automatisierung ist jedoch nicht möglich, und so bleibt die Hämodialyse eine anspruchsvolle, personal- und zeitaufwendige Therapie, bei der viele pflegerische Leistungen direkt am Patienten erbracht werden müssen. Substanzielle Verbesserungen sind v. a. durch eine optimale Gestaltung der zahlreichen Nebenprozesse – z. B. Lagerhaltung und Dokumentation – möglich und nötig, um auch in Zukunft trotz begrenzter Personalressourcen in der Pflege die Dialysepatienten optimal zu versorgen.
Joint Statement (DZK, DGRh, DDG) on the Tuberculosis Risk with Treatment Using Novel Non-TNF-Alpha Biologicals
Authors: Diel R. , Schaberg T. , Nienhaus A. , Otto-Knapp R. , Kneitz C. , Krause A. , Fabri M. , Mrowietz U. , Bauer T. , Häcker B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background While the risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation is adequately documented in relation to TNF-alpha inhibitors (TNFi), the question of what the tuberculosis risk is for newer, non-TNF biologics (non-TNFi) has not been thoroughly addressed.
Methods We conducted a systematic review of randomized phase 2 and phase 3 studies, and long-term extensions of same, published through March 2019. Of interest was information pertaining to screening and treating of latent tuberculosis (LTBI) in association with the use of 12 particular non-TNFi. Only rituximab was excluded. We searched MEDLINE and the ClinicalTrial.gov database for any and all candidate studies meeting these criteria.
Results 677 citations were retrieved; 127 studies comprising a total of 34,293 patients who received non-TNFi were eligible for evaluation. Only 80 out of the 127 studies, or 63 %, captured active TB (or at least opportunistic diseases) as potential outcomes and 25 TB cases were reported. More than two thirds of publications (86/127, 68 %) mentioned LTBI screening prior to inclusion of study participants in the respective trial, whereas in only 4 studies LTBI screening was explicitly considered redundant. In 21 studies, patients with LTBI were generally excluded from the trials and in 42 out of the 127 trials, or 33 %, latently infected patients were reported to receive preventive therapy (PT) at least 3 weeks prior to non-TNFi treatment.
Conclusions The lack of information in many non-TNFi studies on the number of patients with LTBI who were either excluded prior to participating or had been offered PT hampers assessment of the actual TB risk when applying the novel biologics. Therefore, in case of insufficient information about drugs or drug classes, the existing recommendations of the German Central Committee against Tuberculosis should be applied in the same way as is done prior to administering TNFi. Well designed, long-term “real world” register studies on TB progression risk in relation to individual substances for IGRA-positive cases without prior or concomitant PT may help to reduce selection bias and to achieve valid conclusions in the future.
HP-Psych: Sinn und Profil eines Spezialisten
Authors: Textor Reinhard 
Published: February 2021

SummarySeit 1993 existiert neben dem Beruf des Heilpraktikers der des Heilpraktikers Psychotherapie, kurz HP-Psych, dessen Prüfung und Tätigkeit sich auf psychologische Grundlagen beziehen. Der Beruf trifft heute auf eine gesellschaftliche Situation, die von zunehmender allgemeiner Angst, Wut und Depression gekennzeichnet ist. Zu den entscheidenden Vorteilen des HP-Psych zählen kurzfristige Terminvergabe, geringe Bürokratie, Therapiefreiheit und eine hohe Motivation und Verbindlichkeit im Therapeut-Patient-Verhältnis.
Benefit of Static FET PET in Pretreated Pediatric Brain Tumor Patients with Equivocal Conventional MRI Results
Authors: Grosse Frederik , Wedel Florian , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm , Steffen Ingo , Koch Arend , Brenner Winfried , Plotkin Michail , Driever Pablo Hernáiz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background MRI has shortcomings in differentiation between tumor tissue and post-therapeutic changes in pretreated brain tumor patients.
Patients We assessed 22 static FET-PET/CT-scans of 17 pediatric patients (median age 12 years, range 2–16 years, ependymoma n=4, medulloblastoma n=4, low-grade glioma n=6, high-grade glioma n=3, germ cell tumor n=1, choroid plexus tumor n=1, median follow-up: 112 months) with multimodal treatment.
Method FET-PET/CT-scans were analyzed visually by 3 independent nuclear medicine physicians. Additionally quantitative FET-Uptake for each lesion was determined by calculating standardized uptake values (SUVmaxT/SUVmeanB, SUVmeanT/SUVmeanB). Histology or clinical follow-up served as reference.
Results Static FET-PET/CT reliably distinguished between tumor tissue and post-therapeutic changes in 16 out of 17 patients. It identified correctly vital tumor tissue in 13 patients and post-therapeutic changes in 3 patients. SUV-based analyses were less sensitive than visual analyses. Except from a choroid plexus carcinoma, all tumor entities showed increased FET-uptake.
Discussion Our study comprises a limited number of patients but results corroborate the ability of FET to detect different brain tumor entities in pediatric patients and discriminate between residual/recurrent tumor and post-therapeutic changes.
Conclusions We observed a clear benefit from additional static FET-PET/CT-scans when conventional MRI identified equivocal lesions in pretreated pediatric brain tumor patients. These results warrant prospective studies that should include dynamic scans.
Dyspnoe und Komorbidität beim Lungenkarzinom: Warum die Anamnese so wichtig ist
Authors: Grünewaldt A. , Stützle S. , Lehn A. , Rohde G. 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Dyspnoe ist ein häufiges und schwer beeinträchtigendes Krankheitssymptom bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Lungenkarzinom. Exogene wie endogene Faktoren tragen zum subjektiven Symptom Luftnot bei. Um eine effektive Therapie einleiten zu können, ist die Kenntnis von beeinflussbaren Faktoren essenziell. Mit dem Ziel, die Atemnot gezielter behandeln zu können, wurde in dieser Arbeit die Auswirkung von Begleitfaktoren und Komorbiditäten auf den Schweregrad von Luftnot bei Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom untersucht.
Methode Im Rahmen einer prospektiven, monozentrischen Beobachtungsstudie wurde der Schweregrad der Atemnot bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Lungenkarzinom anhand des mMRC-Scores abgefragt und standardisiert nach kardialer oder pulmonaler Komorbidität befragt. Zudem wurden Schmerzsymptomatik und psychische Belastung der Patienten durch die Tumorerkrankung anhand numerischer Ratingskalen (NRS) abgefragt.
Ergebnisse 25 (48,1 %) von 52 eingeschlossenen Lungenkarzinompatienten gaben mäßige bis starke Dyspnoe an. Vorbekannte COPD, kardiopulmonale Begleiterkrankungen, starke Schmerzen, eine obstruktive Ventilationsstörung in der Lungenfunktion sowie nachweisbare Pleuraergüsse korrelierten in der logistischen Regressionsanalyse mit dem Auftreten von Dyspnoeschweregraden ≥  3 in der mMRC-Skala. In dieser Untersuchung war auch das niedrigere UICC-Stadium III bzw. eine M0-Situation mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit einer schweren Dyspnoe korreliert als ein höheres Stadium IV nach UICC.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Untersuchung bestätigt die klinische Relevanz von Dyspnoe bei Lungenkarzinompatienten. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten dyspnoeischer Beschwerden wird durch Begleitsymptome wie starke Schmerzen und insbesondere durch das Vorhandensein von kardialen oder pulmonalen Komorbiditäten wesentlich beeinflusst. Eine effektive Behandlung von Luftnot sollte daher diese begleitenden Faktoren in der Therapie berücksichtigen.
Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin zum Tragen von FFP- und chirurgischen Masken für die Bevölkerung
Authors: Dellweg D. , Lepper P. M. , Nowak D. , Köhnlein T. , Olgemöller U. , Pfeifer M. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungAm 19. 1. 2021 wurde in einer Initiative von Bund und Ländern eine neue Verordnung zur Maskenpflicht erlassen. Diese Verordnung verpflichtet die Bürger und Bürgerinnen zum Tragen von medizinischen Masken in öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln sowie in Geschäften. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP) beschreibt in ihrer Stellungnahme hierzu die technischen Hintergründe der verschiedenen medizinischen Masken und erläutert deren Funktionalität anhand der zugehörigen Normen. Die DGP kommt zum Schluss, dass FFP-Masken der Norm EN 149 für den Selbstschutz des Trägers konzipiert wurden und diesen auch sicherstellen, wenn die Maske ordnungsgemäß getragen wird und dicht am Gesicht abschließt. Eine fehlerhafte Anwendung muss unbedingt vermieden werden. Chirurgische Masken der Norm EN 14683 wurden zum Fremdschutz vor Bakterien-tragenden Aerosolen konzipiert und haben bedingt durch ihre Bauart eine eher geringe Selbstschutzkomponente. Community-Masken unterliegen bisher keine offiziellen Norm. Community-Masken mit elektrostatischen Eigenschaften und hoher Filtrationsleistung könnten zukünftig eine wiederverwendbare Alternative darstellen. Patienten mit Herz und/oder Lungenerkrankungen benötigen je nach Schwere ihrer Erkrankung eine Belastungsuntersuchung mit Maske, um medizinische Risiken zu minimieren.
A low-frequency and wideband resonant metamaterial plate with front radial membrane
Authors: Chen Chuanmin , Guo Zhaofeng , Liu Songtao , Feng Hongda , Miao Chungang , Qiao Chuanxi 
Published: February 2021

The various types of metamaterials only have a sound transmission loss (STL) peak at the resonant frequency but are still constrained by the law of mass sound insulation at other frequencies. In this paper, a low-frequency and wideband resonant metamaterial plate with a front radial membrane was designed in order to improve the noise reduction band. Bandgap and STL were calculated by using the finite element method. Studies have shown that in the range of 1 Hz–100 Hz for new metamaterials, the frequency band with STL greater than 30 dB accounts for 75%, and the noise reduction starting frequency is 11 Hz. The mechanisms were investigated by a comprehensive analysis of mode shapes and sound intensity streamlines and then verified by the negative effective density and equivalent mass–spring model. The mechanism analysis shows that there is a wide bridge coupling bandgap between the respective bandgaps of the plate and the membrane. This novel metamaterial not only guarantees the low-frequency and wideband acoustic performance but also alleviates the problem of instability of the noise reduction performance of the membrane material after long-term use, providing a potential application in low-frequency and wideband noise control.