bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated respiratory arousal threshold in patients with rapid eye movement obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Hoshino Tetsuro , Sasanabe Ryujiro , Murotani Kenta , Hori Reiko , Mano Mamiko , Nomura Atsuhiko , Konishi Noriyuki , Baku Masayo , Nishio Yoshitomo , Kato Chihiro , Kuczynski Wojciech , Shiomi Toshiaki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Rapid eye movement (REM) obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent clinical phenotype. However, the literature focusing on the pathophysiology of REM OSA is limited. This study compared the proportion of individuals with a low respiratory arousal threshold between patients with REM and non-REM OSA.

Methods
REM OSA was defined as having an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 and AHI during REM (AHI-REM)/AHI during NREM (AHI-NREM) ≥ 2. REM OSA was sub-divided into REM-predominant OSA and REM-isolated OSA. REM-predominant OSA was defined as satisfying the definition of REM OSA and having an AHI-NREM ≥ 5. REM-isolated OSA was defined as satisfying the definition of REM OSA and having an AHI-NREM < 5. Patients with an AHI-REM/AHI-NREM < 2 were defined as having non-REM OSA. A low respiratory arousal threshold was defined as having 2 or more of the following conditions: AHI < 30 events/h, proportion of hypopnea > 58.3%, and nadir SpO2 > 82.5%.

Results
The proportions of individuals with low respiratory arousal thresholds among individuals with REM-predominant OSA and REM-isolated OSA were significantly higher (77.2% and 93.7%, respectively) than that of patients with non-REM OSA (48.6%). This was also true when the analysis was performed according to sex.

Conclusion
These results indicate that a low respiratory arousal threshold might be an important endotype that contributes to the pathogenesis of REM OSA, especially in REM-isolated OSA.
Deformation Behaviour of a FAST Diffusion Bond Processed from Dissimilar Titanium Alloy Powders
Authors: Levano Blanch Oliver , Lunt David , Baxter Gavin J. , Jackson Martin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Titanium alloys have a high strength-to-weight ratio, fatigue performance and excellent corrosion resistance, and therefore are widely used in the aerospace sector due to their ability to withstand severe mechanical and thermal stresses in service. There are numerous cases where it would be desirable to use different titanium alloys in defined subcomponent regions to improve performance and efficiency. Conventional processing routes do not permit components to be produced with multiple titanium alloys and thus, design efficiency and optimization of component properties is compromised or over-engineered. In this study, a hybrid solid-state consolidation route is presented whereby field assisted sintering technology (FAST) is exploited to diffusion bond (DB) dissimilar titanium alloy powders in defined regions—a process termed FAST-DB. Titanium alloy powders Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo (Ti-6242) were bonded using FAST in order to study the tensile deformation behavior and strain localization across a dissimilar alloy solid-state bond. FAST-DB was carried out at the sub- and super- beta transus temperatures of both alloys to generate dissimilar microstructure morphologies across the bond. In all cases, diffusion bonds showed excellent structural integrity with no defects and a smooth hardness profile across the bond. The deformation characteristics of the bonds was studied using two different tensile test approaches. The first approach used ASTM standard specimens to measure the mechanical properties of FAST-DB samples and study the location of the tensile failure. The second approach used a microtester and optical Digital Image Correlation to capture the grain interaction in the bond region under tensile loading. The work demonstrated that the diffusion bond remains intact and that tensile failure occurs in Ti-64 (i.e. the lower strength alloy) and is independent of the grain crystal orientation. The results from this study will provide materials engineers confidence in nesting FAST-DB technology in future near net shape manufacturing routes.
Bibliometric Survey for Adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Construction Industry– A Safety Perspective
Authors: Hire Shalaka , Sandbhor Sayali , Ruikar Kirti 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe construction industry is multidisciplinary in nature and various operations are executed at the same time. One of the major resources for executing construction operations is the human workforce. Management of this workforce with effective safety provisions is a prime factor for reducing accidents on construction sites. Nowadays, technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) offer the potential to manage safety on-site with their automatic safety checking capability. BIM is a model-based smart nD platform that offers tools for architecture, engineering, and construction proficients to plan, design, and manage construction activities more efficiently. Despite its growing use globally, BIM has not been adopted sufficiently in the Indian construction industry. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the adoption of BIM in the global construction and the Indian construction industry. It also reviews the adoption of BIM for safety in the global and Indian construction industry. The bibliometric analysis is carried out in two phases, at first it reviews the adoption of BIM globally, and limits the findings to cover BIM adoption in the Indian construction industry. Secondly, it reviews the adoption of BIM for safety in global construction and limits the findings to cover BIM adoption for safety in India. Various complementary tools such as VOSviewer, iMapbuilder have been used for data analysis. The research highlights the need for BIM in India particularly for safety on construction sites.
Liberale Leitlinien für eine deutsche Außen‑, Sicherheits- und Entwicklungspolitik aus einem Guss
Authors: Graf Lambsdorff Alexander 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Covid-Pandemie verstärkt globale Entwicklungen, die bereits zuvor ihre Schatten voraus warfen. Eine neue Ära der Großmachtkonflikte bricht an, die Demokratie gerät weltweit in die Defensive. Insbesondere der Aufstieg Chinas fordert die Staatengemeinschaft heraus. Internationale Organisationen stehen unter Druck, während Herausforderungen wie der Klimawandel multilaterale Antworten erfordern. Deutschland wird daher international mehr Verantwortung übernehmen müssen. Der Beitrag stellt vor diesem Hintergrund die außen- und sicherheitspolitischen Positionen der Fraktion der Freien Demokraten vor.
Flavonoids as an effective sensitizer for anti-cancer therapy: insights into multi-faceted mechanisms and applicability towards individualized patient profiles
Authors: Liskova Alena , Samec Marek , Koklesova Lenka , Brockmueller Aranka , Zhai Kevin , Abdellatif Basma , Siddiqui Manaal , Biringer Kamil , Kudela Erik , Pec Martin , Gadanec Laura Kate , Šudomová Miroslava , Hassan Sherif T. S. , Zulli Anthony , Shakibaei Mehdi , Giordano Frank A. , Büsselberg Dietrich , Golubnitschaja Olga , Kubatka Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCost-efficacy of currently applied treatments is an issue in overall cancer management challenging healthcare and causing tremendous economic burden to societies around the world. Consequently, complex treatment models presenting concepts of predictive diagnostics followed by targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the personal patient profiles earn global appreciation as benefiting the patient, healthcare economy, and the society at large. In this context, application of flavonoids as a spectrum of compounds and their nano-technologically created derivatives is extensively under consideration, due to their multi-faceted anti-cancer effects applicable to the overall cost-effective cancer management, primary, secondary, and even tertiary prevention. This article analyzes most recently updated data focused on the potent capacity of flavonoids to promote anti-cancer therapeutic effects and interprets all the collected research achievements in the frame-work of predictive, preventive, and personalized (3P) medicine. Main pillars considered are:- Predictable anti-neoplastic, immune-modulating, drug-sensitizing effects;- Targeted molecular pathways to improve therapeutic outcomes by increasing sensitivity of cancer cells and reversing their resistance towards currently applied therapeutic modalities.
Timber volume estimation based on airborne laser scanning — comparing the use of national forest inventory and forest management inventory data
Authors: Rahlf Johannes , Hauglin Marius , Astrup Rasmus , Breidenbach Johannes 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Key message

Large-scale forest resource maps based on national forest inventory (NFI) data and airborne laser scanning may facilitate synergies between NFIs and forest management inventories (FMIs). A comparison of models used in such a NFI-based map and a FMI indicate that NFI-based maps can directly be used in FMIs to estimate timber volume of mature spruce forests.

Context

Traditionally, FMIs and NFIs have been separate activities. The increasing availability of detailed NFI-based forest resource maps provides the possibility to eliminate or reduce the need of field sample plot measurements in FMIs if their accuracy is similar.

Aims

We aim to (1) compare a timber volume model used in a NFI-based map and models used in a FMI, and (2) evaluate utilizing additional local sample plots in the model of the NFI-based map.

Methods

Accuracies of timber volume estimates using models from an existing NFI-based map and a FMI were compared at plot and stand level.

Results

Estimates from the NFI-based map were similar to or more accurate than the FMI. The addition of local plots to the modeling data did not clearly improve the model of the NFI-based map.

Conclusion

The comparison indicates that NFI-based maps can directly be used in FMIs for timber volume estimation in mature spruce stands, leading to potentially large cost savings.
Quality by design prospects of pharmaceuticals application of double emulsion method for PLGA loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Panigrahi Dhananjay , Sahu Pratap Kumar , Swain Suryakanta , Verma Rajan Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
QbD approach empowers the pharma researchers to minimize the number of experimental trials and time. It helps identify the significant, influential factors such as critical material attributes, critical formulation variables, and critical process parameters, which may significantly impact the quality of the products. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, has gained an immense potential and wide range of applications as a carrier for manufacturing of polymeric nanoparticle drug delivery systems as per US-FDA and European Medicine Agency for drug delivery. The double emulsion method for preparing PLGA nanoparticles to encapsulate hydrophilic drugs has attracted interest in manufacturing processes. The double emulsion is a two-step process consisting of two different emulsification, making the process more complicated. The stability of nanoparticles obtained by a double emulsion method remains questionable due to the many formulations and process attributes. Currently, PLGA based nanoparticles prepared by a double emulsion technique are an alternative pharmaceutical manufacturing operation for getting the quality product by employing the Quality by Design approach. This present review has discussed the QbD elements to elucidate the effect of material attributes, formulation, and process variables on the critical quality attributes of the drug product, such as particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, etc. The components of a double emulsion, characteristics of drugs, polymers, and stabilizers used have been discussed in detail in this review.

Graphic abstract
Model-Based FDI Applied to a Piezoelectric Active Vibration Suppression System for Smart Flexible Spacecraft
Authors: Iannelli Paolo , Angeletti Federica , Gasbarri Paolo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFault Detection and Isolation (FDI) techniques have captured extensive interest and attention in modern autonomous systems; in particular, they are of foremost importance in space applications, due to their scientific relevance, cost and current inability of doing on-orbit maintenance of space systems. In this scenario, FDI strategies are required to counteract possible failure events that, if not properly handled, can reduce system performance or compromise the realization of the mission objectives. In this paper, a model-based FDI strategy is implemented onboard a satellite equipped with a very large mesh reflector on which a distributed network of smart actuators/sensors is mounted to actively counteract undesired elastic vibrations. In particular, the detection and isolation of a possible piezo-actuator failure occurring in the Active Vibration Control (AVC) system of the antenna is addressed by a bank of Unknown Input Observers (UIOs). The design of the proposed UIOs is derived by solving a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) problem, which provides the conditions for their existence, and it is based on the linearized 3D state-space model of the controlled spacecraft, under the assumption that all the uncertainties, exogenous disturbances and measurement noises are neglected. Furthermore, pole assignment in the sense of D-stability is integrated in the standard formulation of the UIO to guarantee an adequate transient behaviour of the observers. Finally, an extensive Monte Carlo simulation campaign is conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed FDI architecture and its robustness against modelling uncertainties and measurement noise.
Biomimetics provides lessons from nature for contemporary ways to improve human health
Authors: Stenvinkel Peter , Avesani Carla M. , Gordon Line J. , Schalling Martin , Shiels Paul G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHomo sapiens is currently living in serious disharmony with the rest of the natural world. For our species to survive, and for our well-being, we must gather knowledge from multiple perspectives and actively engage in studies of planetary health. The enormous diversity of species, one of the most striking aspects of life on our planet, provides a source of solutions that have been developed through evolution by natural selection by animals living in extreme environments. The food system is central to finding solutions; our current global eating patterns have a negative impact on human health, driven climate change and loss of biodiversity. We propose that the use of solutions derived from nature, an approach termed biomimetics, could mitigate the effects of a changing climate on planetary health as well as human health. For example, activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 may play a role in protecting animals living in extreme environments, or animals exposed to heat stress, pollution and pesticides. In order to meet these challenges, we call for the creation of novel interdisciplinary planetary health research teams.
COVID-19 and the Well-Being of the Homeless Population
Authors: del Castillo Fides A. , del Castillo Clarence Darro B. , Corpuz Jeff Clyde 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA previous editorial by the Editor-in-Chief discusses public health and steps towards recovery from the COVID-19 disaster.1 In addition to the current public health disasters, and multiple disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons and hurricanes, worldwide recession, and global morbidity and mortality, the authors would like to highlight the need for responses to deal with the well-being of the homeless population due to their condition and vulnerability in the society. People who are experiencing homelessness are considered vulnerable and “preferential options for the homeless” must be considered.
The violent inaction of the state and the camp as site of struggle: The perspectives of humanitarian actors in Moria Camp, Lesvos
Authors: Gordon Eleanor , Larsen Henrik Kjellmo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUntil it was destroyed in a fire in September 2020, Moria camp on the island of Lesvos, Greece, was widely referred to as ‘a living hell’. This article investigates the causes and effects of poor camp conditions from the perspectives of humanitarian actors who have worked in the camp. We argue that poor conditions are intended to perform a deterrent function for both migrants and humanitarian actors. We also argue, however, that such camps are not simply static manifestations of violent borderwork, but complex, dynamic sites of struggle in which those who live and work there continuously make and remake the camp. This can be seen, for instance, in the ways in which humanitarian actors simultaneously fill the gap resulting from the violent inaction of the state while contributing to poor camp conditions, as a result of inter-agency competition and criticism, and the broader ways in which they challenge and reinforce the violent governance of migration.
Organizational support and intrapreneurial behavior: on the role of employees' intrapreneurial intention and self-efficacy
Authors: Chouchane Rahma , Fernet Claude , Austin Stéphanie , Karoui Zouaoui Samia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the well-documented contributions of intrapreneurial behavior to organizational performance, the manifestations of the psychosocial factors at play remain poorly understood. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, social exchange theory, and social cognitive theory, we propose that perceptions of organizational support would contribute to employees' intrapreneurial intentions and behaviors, but only insofar as employees feel confident about their intrapreneurial skills. The data were collected from 179 employees of a Canadian small and medium enterprise (SME) specializing in damage insurance. The regression analysis results indicate that the indirect effect of perceived organizational support on intrapreneurial behavior through intrapreneurial intention is moderated by intrapreneurial self-efficacy. These findings reveal that intrapreneurial self-efficacy is a boundary motivational condition for perceived organizational support to act on the intrapreneurial process so that intention can translate into behavior. The paper provides useful avenues for managers seeking to identify contextual and motivational levers to develop, sustain, and improve employee intrapreneurship.
Distribution, abundance and natural enemies of the invasive tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Kenya
Authors: Kinyanjui G. , Khamis F. M. , Ombura F. L. O. , Kenya E. U. , Ekesi S. , Mohamed S. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTuta absoluta (Meyrick) has become a serious menace to sustainable production of tomato in Kenya. A survey was conducted between April 2015 and June 2016 to determine its distribution, abundance, infestation, and damage levels on tomato, and associated natural enemies. Trap counts of T. absoluta moths were recorded in all surveyed 29 counties, which indicated its nationwide distribution irrespective of altitude. Tuta absoluta was present in both open fields and greenhouses. The highest moth/trap/day was 115.38 ± 15.90. Highest leaf infestation was 92.22% and the highest number of mines and larvae per leaf were 3.71 ± 0.28 and 2.16 ± 0.45, respectively. Trap captures in terms of moth/trap/day were linearly and positively related to leaf infestations in open fields (R2 = 0.81) and greenhouses (R2 = 0.61). Highest fruits’ infestation and damage were 60.00 and 59.61%, respectively, while the highest number of mines per fruit was 7.50 ± 0.50. Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) and Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) were identified as predators of T. absoluta larvae. Nine species of larval parasitoids were recovered from infested foliage, with a combined parasitism of 7.26 ± 0.65%. Hockeria species was the most dominant (31.25%) and accounted for 12.88 ± 1.47% parasitism. Two species of larval parasitoids, Hockeria and Necremnus were obtained from sentinel plants with an average parasitism of 1.13 ± 0.25. The overall abundance and parasitism rates of recovered natural enemies were low to effectively control the field populations of T. absoluta. These findings form the basis of researching and developing effective and sustainable management strategies for the pest.
Evaluation of maize-based intercropping on runoff, soil loss, and yield in foothills of the Indian sub-Himalayas
Authors: Ranjan Rajeev , Sharma N.K. , Kumar Ambrish , Pramanik Monalisha , Mehta Harsh , Ojasvi P.R , Yadav R.S. 
Published: May 2021

SummarySoil and nutrients losses due to soil erosion are detrimental to crop production, especially in the hilly terrains. An experiment was carried out in three consecutive cropping seasons (2012–2015) with four treatments: sole maize; sole maize with plastic mulch; maize and cowpea under plastic mulching; and maize and soybean under plastic mulching in randomized block design (RBD) to assess their impact on productivity, profitability, and resource (rainwater, soil, and NPK nutrients) conservation in the Indian sub-Himalayan region. The plot size was 9 × 8.1 m with 2% slope, and runoff and soil loss were measured using a multi-slot devisor. The results showed that mean runoff decreased from 356 mm in sole maize with plastic mulch plots to 229 mm in maize + cowpea intercropping with plastic mulch, representing a reduction of 36% and corresponding soil loss reduction was 41% (from 9.4 to 5.5 t ha−1). The eroded soil exported a considerable amount of nitrogen (N) (13.2–31.4 kg ha−1), phosphorous (P) (0.5–1.7 kg ha−1), and potassium (K) (9.9–15.6 kg ha−1) and was consistently lower in maize + cowpea intercropping. The maize equivalent yield (MEY) was significantly higher in maize + cowpea with plastic mulch intercropping than the other treatments. These results justify the need to adopt maize with alternate legume intercrops and plastic mulch. This strategy must be done in a way guaranteeing high yield stability to the smallholder farmers of the Indian sub-Himalayan region.
Casein hydrolyzate for drying-off lactating mammary quarters in cows with chronic mastitis
Authors: Barcelos Melina M. , Freu Gustavo , Alves Bruna G. , Monteiro Camylla P. , Santos Marcos V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this research communication we address the hypothesis that a single intramammary infusion of casein hydrolyzate (CH) would have a similar effect to three intramammary infusions of CH for drying-off quarters with chronic mastitis (CM) during lactation. Sixty cows with CM were selected and randomly distributed into two treatment groups: (a) three intramammary CH infusions (100 mg, 50 ml per infusion, with 24-h intervals) or (b) single intramammary CH infusion (300 mg, 50 ml). Milk samples from the treated and untreated quarters were collected for microbiological culture and somatic cell count (SCC) before and after CH infusions. Milk yield was recorded and a manual pressure index measurement was used to evaluate cessation of lactation. Of the 60 quarters selected, 43 (71.67%) had positive microbiological culture. The quarters treated with three intramammary CH infusions had higher udder pressure index than those treated with single CH infusion. However, the average milk yield and composite SCC of three functional quarters were not different among treatments. Therefore, a single infusion of CH has the potential to be used as an alternative method for drying-off mammary quarters with CM during lactation.