bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection with Helicobacter Pylori Presenting the vacA s2m2 haplotype is Strongly Associated with Protection Against Gastric Cancer
Authors: Guevara-Tique Alix , Valencia Fabian Castro , Olaya John Jairo Suaréz , Torres Roberto Carlos , Parra Giovanna , Serrano Isabel , Torres Javier , Carvajal Luis , Polanco Magdalena Echeverry , Bohórquez Mabel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Infection with Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the main risk factor for gastric cancer (GC); the clinical outcome of this infection is variable and partially depends on the virulence of the infective strain. This study characterizes H. pylori virulence genes in patients with diverse gastric lesions, from preneoplasia to GC, from a South American region with high GC mortality rates.Methods: We studied the virulence profiles of H. pylori strains to colonize the antrum of 318 patients with non-atrophic gastritis (NAG), 58 patients with preneoplastic lesions (PN), and 90 with GC from Ibagué, Colombia. The presence of 16S rDNA, the cagA and cagE genes, and the vacA s1, s2, m1, and m2 alleles were determined by PCR.Results: H. pylori infection was detected in 44% of all patients, 41.2% in NAG, 43.1% in PN and 54.4% of GC patients (p= 0.0813). cagA and cagE genes were significantly more frequent in and GC than in NAG (p= <.0001). The vacA s1m1 haplotype was significantly more frequent in PN (68%) and GC (65.3%) than in NAG (37.4%). The frequency of vacA s2m2 haplotype decreased significantly from NAG (42.7%) to PN (12%) and this to GC (4.1%). A total of 23 different genotypes were identified, with cagA+/cagE+/vacA s1m1 (84/205) as the more frequent in PN and GC and cagA-/cagE-/vacA s2m2 in NAG (49/205).Conclusions: In the population studied, vacA s2m2 was identified as a significant marker for protection against PN and GC, and genotype cagA+/cagE+/vacA s1m1 as a marker for increased GC risk. We also found that patients with PN and GC had a higher frequency of cagA+/cagE+/vacA s1m1 H. pylori strains known to be aggressive.
Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the cervical cancer awareness measure
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Dan , Zhao Yue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. The creation of cervical cancer awareness are important determinants of participation in cervical cancer screening, prevention and control and contribute towards reducing delayed presentation and mortality from the disease. However, there is no reliable, valid and mature questionnaire in China. The aim of this study is to evaluate the content validity and psychometric properties of Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM-C) in Chinese female population.Methods This psychometric evaluation study enrolled 415 general women and 275 clinical/medical experts and was conducted in 2 stages: translation and evaluation of content validity and psychometric evaluation. Cognitive interviews (n = 10) were conducted using the Participant Interview Form. The psychometric evaluation (n = 690) included score distribution, homogeneity (interitem and item-total correlations), internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), construct validity, and test-retest reliability.Results The content validity supported by cognitive interview was excellent and psychometric properties of CAM-C were satisfactory. The internal consistency of subscale of CAM-C were acceptable, with a range between 0.86 and 0.92. The test-retest reliability was good, that ICC coefficients for the total score of warning signs subscale, risk factors subscale, and knowledge score subscale varied between 0.78 and 0.84. There were significant differences between the groups of general women and medical/clinical experts in subscales of knowledge, warning signs and risk factors (p<0.001), which supports construct validity.Conclusions The results provide evidence for the validity and reliability of CAM-C in a sample of female Chinese population. The Chinese version of the CAM-C was a valid instrument to assess and monitor awareness level in the various mode of collecting data (e.g., paper-pencil methods, computer/telephone-assisted interviewing, or self-administered methods), and could be used to evaluate the effects of interventional programme on awareness among Chinese female population.
Quantifying Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm Formation on Stainless Steel and Titanium Alloy Used in Orthopedic Fracture Fixation
Authors: Beladi-Behbahani Shayesteh , Helms Sarah M. , DesJardins John D. , Kennedy Marian S. , Bruce Terri , Tzeng Tzuen-Rong J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to assess and compare the antibacterial property of implants surfaces, a standard method is needed to quantify bacterial load. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three quantifying methods, namely, (I) crystal violet staining analysis, (II) ultrasound detachment with viable cell counts, and (III) confocal laser scanning microscopy for characterizing S. aureus Seattle 1945 (ATCC 25923) biofilm on metallic coupons. The accuracy of the results, time for completion, and ease of use of methods were compared. The crystal violet method is relatively faster and more straightforward for analyzing biofilm formation. However, the accuracy of the confocal laser scanning microscopy method is found to be considerably higher than that of the other methods. Confocal laser scanning microscopy method is considered to be more time-consuming for data collection and analysis and costlier. The ultrasound detachment followed by viable cell count of recovered cells is recommended for biofilm quantification analysis on orthopedic materials when there is a large number of samples (more than ten samples). This info could provide guidelines that would facilitate the selection of suitable method for quantifying biofilm formation on orthopedic implants based on investigators’ consideration on method accessibility, assay cost, assay time, and complexity of method.
An Architecture Based on FDDC between any two ONUs for Optical Access Network
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Gan Chaoqin , Lin Wei , Gong Guiyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A novel architecture with full-duplex direct communications(FDDC) between any two ONUs for optical access network is proposed in this paper. By designing combination switch(CS) ingeniously, the architecture is finished to realize FDDC between any two ONUs in wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks(WDM-PONs). By utilizing interconnected optical fibers between ONUs, the network has achieved three-level protections(feeder optical fiber protection, distributed optical fiber protection and interconnected optical fiber protection). By constructing expansion module(EM), the network can be flexibly expanded and optimized, and the CapEx and OpEx of network can be greatly reduced. Finally, by the simulation and analysis, the effectiveness of the proposed architecture is demonstrated.
The Effect of Pelvic Movements of a Gait Training System for Stroke Patients
Authors: Son Choonghyun , Lee Anna , Lee Junkyung , Kim DaeEun , Kim Seung-Jong , Chun Min Ho , Choi Junho 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Aging societies lead to higher demand for gait rehabilitation as age-related neurological disorders such as stroke increase. Since conventional methods for gait rehabilitation are physically and economically burdensome, robotic gait training systems have been studied and commercialized, many of which provided movements confined in the sagittal plane. For better outcomes of gait rehabilitation with more natural gait patterns, however, it is desirable to provide pelvic movements in the transverse plane. In this study, a robotic gait training system capable of pelvic motions in the transverse plane was used to evaluated the effect of the pelvic motions on stroke patients. Method: Healbot T, which is a robotic gait training system and capable of providing pelvic movements in the transverse plane as well as flexion/extension of the hip and knee joints and adduction/abduction of the hip joints, is introduced and used to evaluate the effect of the pelvic movement on gait training of stroke patients.Experiment: 23 stroke patients with hemiparesis participated in this study and were assigned into two groups. Pelvis-on group was provided with pelvic motions whereas no pelvic movement was allowed for pelvis-off group during 10 sessions of gait trainings in Healbot T. EMG signals and interaction forces as well as the joint angles of the robot were measured. Gait parameters such as stride length, gait period, cadence, and walking speed were measured after gait training. Result: 37.5 % lower interaction forces of pelvis were observed in the pelvis-on group than the pelvis-off group. Furthermore, the interaction forces at the thighs and calves of both groups showed significant decrease. The EMG signals of gluteus medius of the pelvis-on group increased by 77.2 %. Furthermore, statistically significant increases in various muscles were measured in the pelvis-on group during the stance phase. Conclusion: Gait training using a robotic gait training system with pelvic movements was conducted to study the effects of lateral and rotational pelvic movements in gait training of stroke patients. The pelvic movements made gait training less interfered by the exoskeleton while stimulating the voluntary muscle activation during the stance phase. Clinical trial registration: KCT0003762, 2018-1254, Registered 28 October 2018, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01_kren.jsp?seq=14310
A Multiplexed Chemical Sensing CMOS Imager
Authors: Wang Di , Zhang Fenni , Mallires Kyle , Tipparaju Vishal , Yu Jingjing , Forzani Erica , Jia Changku , Tao Nongjian , Xian Xiaojun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A miniaturized and multiplexed chemical sensing technology is urgently needed to empower mobile devices, Internet-of-Things (IoTs) and robots for various new applications. Here, we show that a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) imager can be turned into a multiplexed colorimetric sensing chip by coating micron-scale colorimetric sensing spots on the imager surface. Each sensing spot contains chemical sensing materials and nanoparticles for colorimetric signal enhancement. The sensitivity is spot-size invariant, and high-performance chemical sensing can be achieved on sensing spot as small as ~ 10 µm. This great scalability combined with millions of pixels of a CMOS imager offers a promising platform for highly integrated chemical sensors. Moreover, the chemical CMOS chip can be readily integrated with mobile electronics. As a proof-of-concept, we have built a smartphone accessary based on this chemical CMOS chip for personal health management. We anticipate that this new platform will pave the way for the widespread application of chemical sensing, such as mobile health (mHealth), IoTs, electronic nose, and smart homes.
A Direct Negative Feedback Loop of miR-4721/FOXA1/Nanog&nbsp;Promotes Nasopharyngeal Cell Stem Cell Enrichment and Metastasis&nbsp;
Authors: Zhao Mengyang , Tang Zibo , Wang Yijun , Ding Jiaojiao , Guo Ying , Gao Tianhui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: The recurrence and metastasis of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) may be mainly attributed to the persistence of cancer stem cells (CSCs); however, the linkage mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. Methods: The levels of miR-4721, FOXA1, and Nanog expression in NPC were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In vivo and in vitro metastasis assays confirmed miR-4721 promotes cell migration and invasion. Tumor spheroid formation assay, side population (SP) assay, and ALDEFLUOR assay verified miR-4721 regulates cancer stem cell-like properties. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-4721 directly regulates FOXA1 and FOXA1 effects the promoter activity of miR-4721 and Nanog. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that FOXA1 combined the promoter region of human miR-4721 and Nanog and the possible mechanism was also analyzed.Results: In this study, a new mechanism of NPC tumorigenesis related to miR-4721 was verified. We found that miR-4721, FOXA1 and Nanog control their expressions through a negative feedback loop and then activate the downstream regulator of stem cell signaling to promote the enrichment and metastasis of NPC stem cells. Conclusion: These ﬁndings elucidate that the feedback loop of miR-4721/FOXA1/Nanog can regulate stemness and metastasis in NPC and may provide an experimental theoretical basis for metastasis and treatment resistance in NPC.
No association between proton pump inhibitor use and dementia risk: data mining of US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system
Authors: Wu Bin , Hu Qiaozhi , Tian Fangyuan , Wu Fengbo , Li Yuwen , Xu Ting 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were widely used around the world. Studies suggested conflicting results between PPIs treatment and the risk of dementia. This study examined the association between six PPIs and dementia risk by mining the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from 2004 to 2019. We employed reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR) to detect the signals of dementia relevant to PPIs. We also analyzed characteristics of PPI reports, compared dementia events between short- and long- duration PPIs treatment. Finally, we identified 2104 dementia cases with PPIs treatment. We did not detect significant signals between PPIs and dementia, ROR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.94–1.03, PRR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.95–1.03, even in gastroesophageal reflux disease cases ROR = 0.65, 95%CI 0.58–0.73, PRR = 0.67, 95%CI 0.60–0.74. No significant differences of dementia events were detected between short- and long- duration groups, the OR (95%CI) of the 6 months, 1 year, 3 years and 5 years comparison were 0.85 (0.68–1.06), 0.92 (0.71–1.18), 0.81 (0.57–1.15) and 0.79 (0.52–1.22), respectively. Based on the current FAERS data mining, we discovered no association between PPIs use and the risk of dementia.
Real Exchange Rate and Services Export Diversification
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna Kimm 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The relationship between real exchange rate and services export diversification is at the heart of this study. The analysis is performed using a sample of 125 countries over the period 1985-2014, and the two-step system Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) approach. It shows that for both high income countries and developing countries, real exchange rate depreciations promote services export diversification and increase the total number of services export lines. These findings highlight the strong importance of real exchange policies in promoting services export diversification in high-income countries and developing countries alike.
Predicted SARS-CoV-2 miRNAs Associated with Epigenetic Viral Pathogenesis and the Detection of New Possible Drugs for Covid-19
Authors: Çetin Zafer , Bayrak Tuncay , Oğul Hasan , Saygılı Eyüp İlker , Akkol Esra Küpeli 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has promptly spread
worldwide. This study aimed to predict mature miRNA sequences in the SARS-CoV-2 genome,
their effects on protein-protein interactions in the affected cells, and gene-drug relationships to detect
possible drug candidates.

Methods:
Viral hairpin structure prediction, classification of hairpins, mutational examination of
precursor miRNA candidate sequences, Minimum Free Energy (MFE) and regional entropy analysis,
mature miRNA sequences, target gene prediction, gene ontology enrichment, and Protein-Protein
Interaction (PPI) analysis, and gene-drug interactions were performed.

Results:
A total of 62 candidate hairpins were detected by VMir analysis. Three hairpin structures
were classified as true precursor miRNAs by miRBoost. Five different mutations were detected in
precursor miRNA sequences in 100 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes. Mutations slightly elevated MFE
values and entropy in precursor miRNAs. Gene ontology terms associated with fibrotic pathways
and immune system were found to be enriched in PANTHER, KEGG and Wiki pathway analysis.
PPI analysis showed a network between 60 genes. CytoHubba analysis showed SMAD1 as a hub
gene in the network. The targets of the predicted miRNAs, FAM214A, PPM1E, NUFIP2 and
FAT4, were downregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected A549 cells.

Conclusion:
miRNAs in the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome may contribute to the emergence of the
Covid-19 infection by activating pathways associated with fibrosis in the cells infected by the virus
and modulating the innate immune system. The hub protein between these pathways may be the
SMAD1, which has an effective role in TGF signal transduction.
An in silico Approach Towards Crop Improvement by ACC Synthase Inhibition Declining Ethylene Production
Authors: Ali Jasarat , Mishra Rupesh K. , Gupta Chhedi L. , Sharma Dinesh C. , Bajpai Preeti , Pathak Neelam 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
The increased level of ethylene inhibits root elongation and
causes physiological damage, thereby reduces ethylene level imparts a positive support
against various biotic and abiotic stresses viz. phytopathogens, extreme temperatures,
hyper salinity, flooding, drought, metal/organic contaminants and insect
predation. The metabolic pathways showed the involvement of ACC synthase inhibition
for ethylene suppression in plants.

Objective:
The primary objective of this study focused towards the use of In-silico
approach to assess the inhibitory effect of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) analogue
on ACC synthase activity.

Methods:
The 3D structure of ACC synthase of Pisum sativum was constructed using modeler 9v11
software. The reliability of developed model was evaluated by PROCHECK, ERRAT and ProSA web
servers. Furthermore the molecular interactions between substrate SAM and inhibitors were performed.

Result:
The docking study demonstrated that the binding energy of the substrate SAM is -5.37
Kcal/mol. The SAM analogue (Inhibitors) considered in this study were 3-dzSAHC, SAHC, sinefungin,
SIBA, 7-dz-SIBA, 1-dz-SIBA,3-dz-SIBA and S-n-Butyladenosine. Among these analogues, 7-dz-SIBA
was found to be most effective on ACC synthase as inhibitor due to lowest binding energy (-
5.51Kcal/mol) and strong Ki value (91.74M). The LYS276 amino acid residue of ACC synthase was
observed in the interaction with both substrates SAM and 7-dz-SIBA (S-isobutyl-7-deazaadenosine)
demonstrates as most crucial catalytic residue for molecular interaction.

Conclusion:

This study successfully screened most potent inhibitor for ACC synthase which have
indicated the compounds 7-dz- SIBA as effective inhibitor with lowest binding energy, better hydrogen
bond interaction and strong inhibition constant compared to others compounds studied. Thus 7-dz-SIBA
can be projected to use as a growth enhancer for overall crop improvement. It may help in plant growth
promotion, prevents the plants from various environmental stress and phytopathogenic infections etc.
Photothermal Therapy: A New Approach to Eradicate Cancer
Authors: Dash Somya Ranjan , Kundu Chanakya Nath 
Published: March 2021

:
The use of hyperthermal temperature to treat solid cancers is known as oncological thermal
ablation. Thermal ablation is studied as a therapeutic strategy for most cancers and can be used
in the control of local and metastatic diseases in addition to traditional anticancer therapies. PTT
(photothermal therapy) is a minimally invasive therapeutic approach with a promising diagnostic and
cancer prevention potential. The excitation of photosensitizer materials like inorganic and organic
nanomaterials with NIR (near-infrared radiation) showed significantly better results than the traditional
mode of cancer treatment. The penetration depth of NIR is significantly higher as compared to
the U.V. (ultraviolet) and visible light. Photo-excitation of the nanomaterials with NIR efficiently
converts light energy into heat energy and eventually enables the cancer cells to die due to heat
shock. The addition of a multimodal approach to the treatment and the prevention of cancer cells
thermo-resistant properties in localized and distal tumors involves the combination of photothermal
agents and chemotherapy. Cancer cell hyperthermic activation prevents DNA repair, cell survival
signaling and eventually induces apoptosis. Simultaneously, the release of antigenic peptides from
the dead cancer cells activates the immune cells which kill the localized and metastatic cancer cells,
hence enabling long-term immunological memory retention. The present review summarizes PTT's
functional properties, NIR penetration ability, DNA repair, cellular signaling, and immune system
modulation effect of hyperthermia. The benefits of using different types of nanomaterials in PTT
applications are further explored. In addition, the problems associated with the use of nanomaterials
in PTT applications are also addressed in this article.
Economic Fluctuations: The Aftermath of COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: Adithya Saishiv , Girigoswami Koyeli 
Published: March 2021

:
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated focusing on the economic stressors for the
welfare of the population worldwide. This pandemic, which has affected individuals globally since
January 2020, has caused barriers in the business involving different sectors. The primary sector,
i.e., agriculture and food supplies, and the secondary sectors like the manufacturing units, oil and
petrol sector, transport sector, travel and tourism as well as the finance industries, have all faced
the adverse effect of this pandemic and subsequent lockdown. The different restrictions implemented
by the government in most of the countries like quarantine, self-isolation, sealing of national
and international borders, a complete shutdown of transport and travel, etc., have disrupted the
equilibrium of demand and supply. As an aftermath of such misbalance, the economic conditions
in all the sectors have been negatively impacted. In this review, we shall discuss the impact of
COVID-19 on the economic condition of different sectors like agriculture, logistics, petroleumbased
fuels, commodity market, hospitality and tourism, pharmaceutical industry, and finance industry.
Validasi Metode Analisa Amonia pada Air Tanah Menggunakan Metode Spectrofotometri
Authors: Muryanto Muryanto 
Published: March 2021

Amonia dilepas kedalam air oleh adanya penguraian organik dan juga sebagai buangan metabolik organisme perairan. Amonia (NH4) merupakan senyawa nitrogen, Pada bentuk cairan, amonia terdapat dalam 2 bentuk yaitu amonia bebas atau tidak terionisasi (NH3) dan dalam bentuk ion amonia (NH4+).Penelitian ini menggunakan spertrofotometer. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan metode yang valid untuk penetapan kadar ammonia . Validitas metode ditunjukkan melalui parameter selektivitas, linearitas, LLOD, LLOQ, presisi, dan akurasi (% recovery). Panjang gelombang yang digunakan yaitu 425 nm,. Lineritas kurva baku unsur amonia r = 0,996 dan KV = 1.99. Nilai LOD dan LOQ yang dihasilkan parameter Amonia adalah 0,0032 ppm dan 0,0107 ppm. % Recovery parameter Amonia sebesar 98.929%, Presisi yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai KV memenuhi persyaratan validasi. Dengan hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode analisis parameter ammonia pada air tanah di Kecamatan Gondokusuman, Yogyakarta memenuhi persyaratan validasi.