bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bit threads, Einstein’s equations and bulk locality
Authors: Agón Cesar A. , Cáceres Elena , Pedraza Juan F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the context of holography, entanglement entropy can be studied either by i) extremal surfaces or ii) bit threads, i.e., divergenceless vector fields with a norm bound set by the Planck length. In this paper we develop a new method for metric reconstruction based on the latter approach and show the advantages over existing ones. We start by studying general linear perturbations around the vacuum state. Generic thread configurations turn out to encode the information about the metric in a highly nonlocal way, however, we show that for boundary regions with a local modular Hamiltonian there is always a canonical choice for the perturbed thread configurations that exploits bulk locality. To do so, we express the bit thread formalism in terms of differential forms so that it becomes manifestly background independent. We show that the Iyer-Wald formalism provides a natural candidate for a canonical local perturbation, which can be used to recast the problem of metric reconstruction in terms of the inversion of a particular linear differential operator. We examine in detail the inversion problem for the case of spherical regions and give explicit expressions for the inverse operator in this case. Going beyond linear order, we argue that the operator that must be inverted naturally increases in order. However, the inversion can be done recursively at different orders in the perturbation. Finally, we comment on an alternative way of reconstructing the metric non-perturbatively by phrasing the inversion problem as a particular optimization problem.
D = 5 rotating black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity: mass and angular momentum in extremality
Authors: Ma Liang , Li Yue-Zhou , Lü H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider perturbative solutions in Einstein gravity with higher-derivative extensions and address some subtle issues of taking extremal limit. As a concrete new result, we construct the perturbative rotating black hole in five dimensions with equal angular momenta J and general mass M in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, up to and including the linear order of the standard Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant α. We obtain the near horizon structure of the near extremal solution, with the blackening factor of the order α. In the extremal limit, the mass-angular momentum relation reduces to $$ M=\frac{3}{2}{\pi}^{\frac{1}{3}}{J}^{\frac{2}{3}}+\pi \alpha $$
M
=

3
2

π

1
3

J

2
3

+
πα
. The positive sign of the α-correction implies that the centrifugal repulsion associated with rotations becomes weaker than the gravitational attraction under the unitary requirement for the Gauss-Bonnet term.
Chiral rings, Futaki invariants, plethystics, and Gröbner bases
Authors: Bao Jiakang , He Yang-Hui , Xiao Yan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study chiral rings of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric gauge theories via the notion of K-stability. We show that when using Hilbert series to perform the computations of Futaki invariants, it is not enough to only include the test symmetry information in the former’s denominator. We discuss a way to modify the numerator so that K-stability can be correctly determined, and a rescaling method is also applied to simplify the calculations involving test configurations. All of these are illustrated with a host of examples, by considering vacuum moduli spaces of various theories. Using Gröbner basis and plethystic techniques, many non-complete intersections can also be addressed, thus expanding the list of known theories in the literature.
System integration for predictive process adjustment and cloud computing-based real-time condition monitoring of vibration sensor signals in automated storage and retrieval systems
Authors: Baek Sujeong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs automation and digitalization are being increasingly implemented in industrial applications, manufacturing systems comprising several functions are becoming more complex. Consequently, fault analysis (e.g., fault detection, diagnosis, and prediction) has attracted increased research attention. Investigations involving fault analysis are usually performed using real-time, online, or automated techniques for fault detection or alarming. Conversely, recovery of faulty states to their healthy forms is usually performed manually under offline conditions. However, the development of intelligent systems requires that appropriate feedback be provided automatically, to facilitate faulty-state recovery without the need for manual operator intervention and/or decision-making. To this end, this paper proposes a system integration technique for predictive process adjustment that determines appropriate recovery actions and performs them automatically by analyzing relevant sensor signals pertaining to the current situation of a manufacturing unit via cloud computing and machine learning. The proposed system corresponds to an automated predictive process adjustment module of an automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS). The said integrated module collects and analyzes the temperature and vibration signals of a product transporter using an internet-of-things-based programmable logic controller and cloud computing to identify the current states of the ASRS system. Upon detection of faulty states, the control program identifies corresponding process control variables and controls them to recover the system to its previous no-fault state. The proposed system will facilitate automatic prognostics and health management in complex manufacturing systems by providing automatic fault diagnosis and predictive recovery feedback.
Neuronal guidance proteins in cardiovascular inflammation
Authors: Keller Marius , Mirakaj Valbona , Koeppen Michael , Rosenberger Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCardiovascular pathologies are often induced by inflammation. The associated changes in the inflammatory response influence vascular endothelial biology; they complicate the extent of ischaemia and reperfusion injury, direct the migration of immune competent cells and activate platelets. The initiation and progression of inflammation is regulated by the classical paradigm through the system of cytokines and chemokines. Therapeutic approaches have previously used this knowledge to control the extent of cardiovascular changes with varying degrees of success. Neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) have emerged in recent years and have been shown to be significantly involved in the control of tissue inflammation and the mechanisms of immune cell activation. Therefore, proteins of this class might be used in the future as targets to control the extent of inflammation in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we describe the role of NGPs during cardiovascular inflammation and highlight potential therapeutic options that could be explored in the future.
CCN2/CTGF promotor activity in the developing and adult mouse eye
Authors: Dillinger Andrea E. , Kuespert Sabrina , Froemel Franziska , Tamm Ernst R. , Fuchshofer Rudolf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCCN2/CTGF is a matricellular protein that is known to enhance transforming growth factor-β signaling and to induce a myofibroblast-like phenotype in a variety of cell types. Here, we investigated Ccn2/Ctgf promotor activity during development and in the adult mouse eye, using CTGFLacZ/+ mice in which the β-galactosidase reporter gene LacZ had been inserted into the open reading frame of Ccn2/Ctgf. Promotor activity was assessed by staining for β-galactosidase activity and by immunolabeling using antibodies against β-galactosidase. Co-immunostaining using antibodies against glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, choline acetyltransferase, and CD31 was applied to identify specific cell types. Ccn2/Ctgf promotor activity was intense in neural crest-derived cells differentiating to corneal stroma and endothelium, and to the stroma of choroid, iris, ciliary body, and the trabecular meshwork during development. In the adult eye, a persistent and very strong promotor activity was present in the trabecular meshwork outflow pathways. In addition, endothelial cells of Schlemm’s canal, and of retinal and choroidal vessels, retinal astrocytes, Müller glia, and starburst amacrine cells were stained. Very strong promoter activity was seen in the astrocytes of the glial lamina at the optic nerve head. We conclude that CCN2/CTGF signaling is involved in the processes that govern neural crest morphogenesis during ocular development. In the adult eye, CCN2/CTGF likely plays an important role for the trabecular meshwork outflow pathways and the glial lamina of the optic nerve head.
Holographic patient tracking after bed movement for augmented reality neuronavigation using a head-mounted display
Authors: Fick T. , van Doormaal J.A.M. , Hoving E.W. , Regli L. , van Doormaal T.P.C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Holographic neuronavigation has several potential advantages compared to conventional neuronavigation systems. We present the first report of a holographic neuronavigation system with patient-to-image registration and patient tracking with a reference array using an augmented reality head-mounted display (AR-HMD).

Methods
Three patients undergoing an intracranial neurosurgical procedure were included in this pilot study. The relevant anatomy was first segmented in 3D and then uploaded as holographic scene in our custom neuronavigation software. Registration was performed using point-based matching using anatomical landmarks. We measured the fiducial registration error (FRE) as the outcome measure for registration accuracy. A custom-made reference array with QR codes was integrated in the neurosurgical setup and used for patient tracking after bed movement.

Results
Six registrations were performed with a mean FRE of 8.5 mm. Patient tracking was achieved with no visual difference between the registration before and after movement.

Conclusions
This first report shows a proof of principle of intraoperative patient tracking using a standalone holographic neuronavigation system. The navigation accuracy should be further optimized to be clinically applicable. However, it is likely that this technology will be incorporated in future neurosurgical workflows because the system improves spatial anatomical understanding for the surgeon.
Path planning and collision avoidance for autonomous surface vehicles I: a review
Authors: Vagale Anete , Oucheikh Rachid , Bye Robin T. , Osen Ottar L. , Fossen Thor I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAutonomous surface vehicles are gaining increasing attention worldwide due to the potential benefits of improving safety and efficiency. This has raised the interest in developing methods for path planning that can reduce the risk of collisions, groundings, and stranding accidents at sea, as well as costs and time expenditure. In this paper, we review guidance, and more specifically, path planning algorithms of autonomous surface vehicles and their classification. In particular, we highlight vessel autonomy, regulatory framework, guidance, navigation and control components, advances in the industry, and previous reviews in the field. In addition, we analyse the terminology used in the literature and attempt to clarify ambiguities in commonly used terms related to path planning. Finally, we summarise and discuss our findings and highlight the potential need for new regulations for autonomous surface vehicles.
Comparative analysis of indentation and magnetic resonance elastography for measuring viscoelastic properties
Authors: Chen Yu , Qiu Suhao , He Zhao , Yan Fuhua , Li Ruokun , Feng Yuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Measurement the viscoelastic properties is important for studying the developmental and pathological behavior of soft biological tissues. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a non-invasive method for in vivo measurement of tissue viscoelasticity. As a flexible method capable of testing small samples, indentation has been widely used for characterizing soft tissues. Using 2nd-order Prony series and dimensional analysis, we analyzed and compared the model parameters estimated from both indentation and MRE. Conversions of the model parameters estimated from the two methods were established. We found that the indention test is better at capturing the dynamic response of tissues at a frequency less than 10 Hz, while MRE is better for describing the frequency responses at a relatively higher range. The results provided helpful information for testing soft tissues using indentation and MRE. The models analyzed are also helpful for quantifying the frequency response of viscoelastic tissues.

Graphic Abstract
De Finettian Logics of Indicative Conditionals Part II: Proof Theory and Algebraic Semantics
Authors: Égré Paul , Rossi Lorenzo , Sprenger Jan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn Part I of this paper, we identified and compared various schemes for trivalent truth conditions for indicative conditionals, most notably the proposals by de Finetti (1936) and Reichenbach (1935, 1944) on the one hand, and by Cooper (Inquiry,11, 295–320, 1968) and Cantwell (Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic,49, 245–260, 2008) on the other. Here we provide the proof theory for the resulting logics and , using tableau calculi and sequent calculi, and proving soundness and completeness results. Then we turn to the algebraic semantics, where both logics have substantive limitations: allows for algebraic completeness, but not for the construction of a canonical model, while fails the construction of a Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra. With these results in mind, we draw up the balance and sketch future research projects.
Uncertainty, risk and the use of algorithms in policy decisions: a case study on criminal justice in the USA
Authors: Hartmann Kathrin , Wenzelburger Georg 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlgorithms are increasingly used in different domains of public policy. They help humans to profile unemployed, support administrations to detect tax fraud and give recidivism risk scores that judges or criminal justice managers take into account when they make bail decisions. In recent years, critics have increasingly pointed to ethical challenges of these tools and emphasized problems of discrimination, opaqueness or accountability, and computer scientists have proposed technical solutions to these issues. In contrast to these important debates, the literature on how these tools are implemented in the actual everyday decision-making process has remained cursory. This is problematic because the consequences of ADM systems are at least as dependent on the implementation in an actual decision-making context as on their technical features. In this study, we show how the introduction of risk assessment tools in the criminal justice sector on the local level in the USA has deeply transformed the decision-making process. We argue that this is mainly due to the fact that the evidence generated by the algorithm introduces a notion of statistical prediction to a situation which was dominated by fundamental uncertainty about the outcome before. While this expectation is supported by the case study evidence, the possibility to shift blame to the algorithm does seem much less important to the criminal justice actors.
Evaluative experiences: the epistemological significance of moral phenomenology
Authors: Berghofer Philipp 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, a number of phenomenological approaches to experiential justification emerged according to which an experience's justificatory force is grounded in the experience’s distinctive phenomenology. The basic idea is that certain experiences exhibit a presentive phenomenology and that they are a source of immediate justification precisely by virtue of their presentive phenomenology. Such phenomenological approaches usually focus on perceptual experiences and mathematical intuitions. In this paper, I aim at a phenomenological approach to ethical experiences. I shall show that we need to make a distinction between evaluative experiences directed at concrete cases and ethical intuitions directed at general principles. The focus will be on evaluative experiences. I argue that evaluative experiences constitute a sui generis type of experience that gain their justificatory force by virtue of their presentive evaluative phenomenology. In Sect. 1, I introduce and motivate the phenomenological idea that certain experiences exhibit a justification-conferring phenomenology. In Sect. 4, I apply this idea to morally evaluative experiences. In Sect. 5, I suggest that certain epistemic intuitions should be considered epistemically evaluative experiences and I outline a strong parallelism between ethics and epistemology.
Study of Series-Parallel and Power-Split DHT for Hybrid Powertrains
Authors: Chen Haijun , Li Lin , Küçükay Ferit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDedicated hybrid transmission (DHT) is the developing trend of hybrid transmissions. This paper studies different types of DHTs regarding the structure, function, and performance. Firstly, the structure and function of different well-known DHTs in the market are discussed and analyzed. Through the analysis, the reasonability and necessity of the different modes and the electric motor power requirements that lie behind different DHTs are derived. Secondly, the dynamics of different DHTs are further compared with the driving areas in different modes under different driving conditions. Then, the basic or minimum dynamic requirements are defined and taken into consideration before the economic comparison. To ensure the effectiveness of the comparison, the optimization of the configurations for each kind of DHT is carried out with the modular simulation model. The economic comparison is conducted under the premise of excluding the influences of the configurations in the results. Finally, the sensitivity and influence of different engine characteristics for different DHTs are studied to find out the sensibilities of the two kinds of DHTs with engine technology. Through these studies, the essential differences and features of different DHTs can be derived to help better understand the decision in choosing the technical route for the original equipment manufacturers.
Epidemiologic evidence linking oxidative stress and pulmonary function in healthy populations
Authors: Okeleji Lateef Olabisi , Ajayi Ayodeji Folorunsho , Adebayo‐Gege Grace , Aremu Victoria Oyetayo , Adebayo Oluwadunsin Iyanuoluwa , Adebayo Emmanuel Tayo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRespiratory health in the general population declines regardless of the presence of pulmonary diseases. Oxidative stress has been implicated as one of the mechanisms involved in respiratory dysfunction. This review was to evaluate studies that relate oxidative stress factors with pulmonary function among the general population without prior respiratory illnesses. The search yielded 54 citations. Twenty‐one studies qualified for incorporation in this review. Owing to the heterogeneity of the review, studies were discussed based on identified oxidative stress factors responsible for pulmonary dysfunction. Oxidative stress biomarkers, including gene polymorphisms of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, glutathione S transferase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation products were involved in lung function decline. In addition, the antioxidant status of individuals in reference to dietary antioxidant intake and exposure to environmental pollutants affected oxidative stress and pulmonary function, as indicated by forced expired volume in one second, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory flow at 25%–75%. This review indicated that oxidative stress is implicated in the gradual decline of lung function among the general population, and gene polymorphism along the antioxidant defense line and/or their interaction with air pollutants reduce lung function. Different polymorphic forms among individuals explain why the rate of lung function decline differs among people. Dietary antioxidants have respiratory health benefits in antioxidant gene polymorphic forms. Therefore, the genetic composition of an individual may be considered for monitoring and identifying people at risk of respiratory illnesses.
Replacement of potatoes with other vegetables and risk of myocardial infarction in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort
Authors: Würtz Anne Mette L. , Hansen Mette D. , Tjønneland Anne , Rimm Eric B. , Schmidt Erik B. , Overvad Kim , Jakobsen Marianne U. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntake of vegetables is recommended for the prevention of myocardial infarction (MI). However, vegetables make up a heterogeneous group, and subgroups of vegetables may be differentially associated with MI. The aim of this study was to examine replacement of potatoes with other vegetables or subgroups of other vegetables and the risk of MI. Substitutions between subgroups of other vegetables and risk of MI were also investigated. We followed 29 142 women and 26 029 men aged 50–64 years in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Diet was assessed at baseline by using a detailed validated FFQ. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % CI for the incidence of MI were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. During 13·6 years of follow-up, 656 female and 1694 male cases were identified. Among women, the adjusted HR for MI was 1·02 (95 % CI 0·93, 1·13) per 500 g/week replacement of potatoes with other vegetables. For vegetable subgroups, the HR was 0·93 (95 % CI 0·77, 1·13) for replacement of potatoes with fruiting vegetables and 0·91 (95 % CI 0·77, 1·07) for replacement of potatoes with other root vegetables. A higher intake of cabbage replacing other vegetable subgroups was associated with a statistically non-significant higher risk of MI. A similar pattern of associations was found when intake was expressed in kcal/week. Among men, the pattern of associations was overall found to be similar to that for women. This study supports food-based dietary guidelines recommending to consume a variety of vegetables from all subgroups.
Hypercat - hypercube of AGN tori
Authors: Nikutta Robert , Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Ichikawa Kohei , Levenson Nancy A. , Packham Christopher C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstarctWe introduce Hypercat, a large set of 2-d AGN torus images computed with the state-of-the-art clumpy radiative transfer code Clumpy. The images are provided as a 9-dimensional hypercube, in addition to a smaller hypercube of corresponding projected dust distribution maps. Hypercat also comprises a software suite for easy use of the hypercubes, quantification of image morphology, and simulation of synthetic observations with single-dish telescopes, interferometers, and Integral Field Units. We apply Hypercat to NGC 1068 and find that it can be spatially resolved in Near- and Mid-IR, for the first time with single-dish apertures, on the upcoming generation of 25–40m class telescopes. We also find that clumpy AGN torus models within a range of the parameter space can explain on scales of several parsec the recently reported polar elongation of MIR emission in several sources, while not upending basic assumptions about AGN unification.