bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction, Monitoring, and Analysis: Guiyang Metro Line 1, China
Authors: Tao Yonghu , Rao Junying , Cui Huichao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Huo-Sha Tunnel of Guiyang Metro Line 1 in China, which runs from the Guiyang Railway Station to the Shachong Road Station, passes through the railway station platform closely. The minimum distance between the vault and the pile foundation is only 2.19 m. The geology is complex, and the settlement control requirements for the oblique sections, platforms, station buildings, pile foundations, and existing buildings are remarkably strict. Comprehensive measures of “super pipe shed support, surrounding rock reinforcement, inverted arch grouting, and lining strengthening are strictly adopted” to prevent the influence of construction on the operation of station buildings and in-service railways, high-speed railways, and other buildings. It also analyzes the changing laws of the existing building subsidence, subgrade settlement, station longitudinal displacement variation, and the development trends of lining safety, stability, eccentricity, compression types, and internal force of the lining. The following results are presented. The Huo-Sha Tunnel is gradually excavated. The roadbed settlement of the Guiyang Railway Station platform gradually increases but does not exceed the existing railway deformation control standards for the subsurface excavation section. The longitudinal distribution of the existing railway settlement is approximately a normal curve after the construction of the secondary lining. This result is consistent with the law of the surface settlement trough proposed by Peck, and the range is between −50 m and 50 m. The stress of the lining is mainly concentrated at the arch waist and the vault, the compression types include large and small eccentric, the axial force value gradually increases symmetrically from the vault to the arch footing, the maximum axial force appears at the arch footing, and all control indicators meet the corresponding control standards. The subgrade settlement of the skew section meets the deformation control standards of the existing railway of the subsurface excavation sections after the stabilization of the secondary lining deformation.
Cost analysis of treating cardiovascular diseases in a super-specialty hospital
Authors: Kumar Atul , Siddharth Vijaydeep , Singh I B , Narang Rajiv 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Cardiovascular care is expensive; hence, economic evaluation is required to estimate resources being consumed and to ensure their optimal utilization. There is dearth of data regarding cost analysis of treating various diseases including cardiac diseases from developing countries. The study aimed to analyze resource consumption in treating cardio-vascular disease patients in a super-specialty hospital.Methods An observational and descriptive study was carried out from April 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic (CT) Centre of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. As per World Health Organization, common cardiac diseases i.e. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), Cardiomyopathy, Congenital heart diseases, Cardiac Arrhythmias etc. were considered for cost analysis. A total of 100 admitted patients (Ward & Cardiac Care Unit) of cardiovascular diseases were enrolled in the study using prevalence-based sampling. They were followed up till discharge. Traditional Costing and Time Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) methods were used for cost computation.Results Per bed per day cost incurred by the hospital for admitted patients in Cardiac Care Unit, adult and pediatric cardiology ward was calculated to be INR 28,144 (US$ 434), INR 22,210 (US$ 342) and INR 18,774 (US$ 289), respectively. Inpatient cost constituted almost 70% of the total cost and equipment cost accounted for more than 50% of the inpatient cost followed by human resource cost (28%). Per patient cost of treating any cardiovascular disease was computed to be INR 2,47,822 (US $ 3842).Conclusion Cost of treating Rheumatic Heart Disease is the highest among all CVDs followed by Cardiomyopathy and other CVDs. Cost of treating cardiovascular diseases in India is less than what has been reported in developed countries. Findings of this study would aid policy makers considering recent radical changes and massive policy reforms ushered in by the Government of India in healthcare delivery.
The evolution of hypovolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia coincides with an inflammatory status in patients with COVID-19
Authors: SANCHEZ JORGE GABRIEL RUIZ , Chávez-Díaz Pamela , Cárdenas-Salas Jersy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDHyponatremia is a frequent electrolytic disorder in hospitalized patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Inflammatory status could be associated with hyponatremia in patients with COVID-19. We evaluate the hospital evolution of hyponatremia and inflammation markers in COVID-19 patients.METHODSA case-series of adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and hyponatremia at admission were included and retrospectively followed during hospitalization. Data of the volemic status, general characteristics, inflammation, and clinical outcomes, were collected and analyzed. Comparative and multivariate analyzes were developed, and Hazzard ratio (HR) with 95%-confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.RESULTS49 patients with hyponatremia followed, 32 (65.3) were male, and 22 (44.9%) euvolemic. Mean age: 69.9 ± 14.7 years. From the 100% of patients with hyponatremia at admission, only 26.2% remained hyponatremic at the 7th -10th hospitalization day. Improvement in serum sodium (SNa) coincided with improvement in inflammatory markers during hospitalization, as well as a decrease in the rate of hyponatremia. A lower SNa at admission was independently associated with mortality (HR: 12.23, 95%CI: 2 to 25.6).CONCLUSIONBoth admission hypovolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia in COVID-19 patients occurred in a inflammation status, and improved as inflammation markers decreased.
Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in a UK university identifies dynamics of transmission
Authors: Aggarwal Dinesh , Warne Ben , Jahun Aminu S. , Hamilton William , Fieldman Thomas , du Plessis Louis , Hill Verity , Blane Beth , Watkins Emmeline , Wright Elizabeth , Hall Grant , Ludden Catherine , Myers Richard , Hosmillo Myra , Goodfellow Yasmin , Pinckert Malte L. , Georgana Iliana , Izuagbe Rhys , Leek Danielle , Nsonwu Olisaeloka , Hughes Gareth , Packer Simon , Page Andrew J. , Metaxaki Marina , Fuller Stewart , Weale Gillian , Holgate Jon , Brown Christopher A. ,   The Cambridge Covid-19 testing Centre,   University of Cambridge Asymptomatic COVID-19 Screening Programme Consortium,   The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Howes Rob , McFarlane Duncan , Dougan Gordon , Pybus Oliver G. , De Angelis Daniela , Maxwell Patrick H. , Peacock Sharon J. , Weekes Michael , Illingworth Chris , Harrison Ewan M. , Matheson Nicholas J. , Goodfellow Ian G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Understanding the drivers for spread of SARS-CoV-2 in higher education settings is important to limit transmission between students, and onward spread into at-risk populations. In this study, we prospectively sequenced 482 SARS-CoV-2 isolates derived from asymptomatic student screening and symptomatic testing of students and staff at the University of Cambridge from 5 October to 6 December 2020. We performed a detailed phylogenetic comparison with 972 isolates from the surrounding community, complemented with epidemiological and contact tracing data, to determine transmission dynamics. After a limited number of viral introductions into the university, the majority of student cases were linked to a single genetic cluster, likely dispersed across the university following social gatherings at a venue outside the university. We identified considerable onward transmission associated with student accommodation and courses; this was effectively contained using local infection control measures and dramatically reduced following a national lockdown. We observed that transmission clusters were largely segregated within the university or within the community. This study highlights key determinants of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and effective interventions in a higher education setting that will inform public health policy during pandemics.
Effect of Heat stable Carbetocin vs Oxytocin for Preventing Postpartum Haemorrhage on Post Delivery Hemoglobin- A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vernekar Sunil S , Goudar Swati S , Metgud Mrityunjay C , Pujar Yeshita V , Somannavar Manjunath S , Piaggio Gilda , de Carvalho José Ferreira , Revankar Amit , Althabe Fernando , Widmer Mariana , Gulmezoglu Ahmet Metin , Goudar Shivaprasad S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPost-partum haemorrhage is one of the major causes of maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Oxytocin is the first choice uterotonic for the PPH prevention but it requires cold storage. Heat stable carbetocin appears to be a promising agent for the prevention of PPH. The present study was an ancillary to the WHO CHAMPION Trial conducted to compare the effect of heat-stable carbetocin 100 µg IM versus oxytocin 10 IU IM on post-delivery hemoglobin level in one of the participating facilities in India.MethodsThis was a nested randomized controlled trial designed to compare the effect of heat-stable carbetocin 100 µg IM versus oxytocin 10 IU IM, administered within one minute of vaginal delivery of the baby for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, on post-delivery 48–72 hours hemoglobin level, adjusted for pre-delivery hemoglobin level. 1,799 women from one hospital in India participated in this study.ResultsPre-delivery hemoglobin and postpartum blood loss were not significantly different between carbetocin and oxytocin. Post-delivery hemoglobin, unadjusted or adjusted for pre-delivery hemoglobin, was slightly lower for carbetocin compared to oxytocin. The drop in hemoglobin was slightly higher for carbetocin, although the difference was very small (1.2 g/dL for carbetocin, 1.1 g/dL for oxytocin). The proportion of participants with a drop in hemoglobin of 2 g/dL or more, adjusted for pre-delivery hemoglobin, was higher for carbetocin (RR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.63). From the regression coefficients it can be derived that post-delivery hemoglobin, adjusted for pre-delivery hemoglobin, decreases on average 0.12g/dL for each dL of blood lost, for the two treatments combined.ConclusionsThe present ancillary study showed that intramuscular administration of 100 µg of heat stable carbetocin can result in a slightly lower post-delivery hemoglobin, slightly higher drop and higher percentage of women having a drop of 2 g/dL or larger, compared to 10 IU of oxytocin, but these differences are not clinically relevant.Study registrationThe trial was registered with Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2016/06/006996.
Perception of Aesthetic Impairment in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Control Study Using a Semi-Quantitative Scale for Body Image Assessment.
Authors: Farhat Méryem-Maud , Guerreschi Pierre , Morell-Dubois Sandrine , Deken Valérie , Labreuche Julien , Sanges Sébastien , Sobanski Vincent , Hachulla Eric , Cottencin Olivier , Launay David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrotic disease. Assessment of body image could be central in optimizing care. Yet, data are scarce. The main objective was to assess perception of aesthetic impairment using a visual aesthetic scale (AES) in patients with SSc compared to healthy subjects. Secondary objectives were to assess associations between perception of aesthetic impairment and standardized questionnaires for aesthetic impairment as well as clinical, psychological/quality of life, and functional parameters of SSc. Methods: This study evaluated and compared perception of aesthetic impairment in two populations: patients with SSc, in a referral center at Lille Hospital, France, and healthy controls. Results: This study included 88 patients (69 [78.4%] women) with a median age of 52 years and 88 controls (49 [55.7%] women) with a median age of 45 years. Perception of aesthetic impairment assessed using the AES was poorer in patients than in controls (3.7 ± 0.3 vs 2.8 ± 0.3, p=0.028), with statistical correlation with ASWAP. Patients with anxiety or depressive symptoms had significantly higher AES scores. Conclusion: The AES appears to be an ease of use tool to evaluate body image. Correlations found with psychological and quality of life parameters reflect the importance of these parameters for body image evaluation and its complex assessment.Trials registration: NCT03271320
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Provision of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Primary Health Facilities in Nigeria: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Adelekan Babatunde , Goldson Erika , Abubakar Zubaida , Mueller Ulla , Alayande Audu , Ojogun Tellson , Ntoimo Lorretta , Williams Bukky , Muhammed Ibrahim , Okonofua Friday Ebhodaghe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNigeria, like many other countries, has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. While efforts have been devoted to curtailing the disease, a major concern has been its potential effects on the delivery and utilization of reproductive health care services in the country. The objective of the study was to investigate the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns had affected the provision of essential reproductive health, maternal and child health, and adolescent health services in primary health care facilities across the Nigerian States.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 307 primary health facilities in 30 Local Government Areas in 10 States, representing the six geopolitical regions of the country. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on issues relating to access and service provision before, during and after COVID-19 lockdowns from the head nurses/midwives in the facilities. The questionnaire was entered into Open Data Kit mounted on smartphones. Data were analysed using non-parametric statistics.ResultsThe results show that a large proportion of the primary health facilities in the selected states opened for the provision of essential sexual and reproductive health and rights services during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. However, there was a significant reduction in clients’ utilization of services due to challenges experienced in service implementation such as stock-outs, and low demand for services by clients. Although the health facilities reported identifying cases of COVID-19, there was limited provision for primary protective equipment and other special offers that would motivate the health workers to optimize services for clients. ConclusionsWe conclude that efforts made to address these challenges by governments, non-governmental agencies, the private sector, and donor agencies working in low resource settings would reduce the health and social burden posed by COVID-19 in Nigeria.
Major Pulmonary Resection After Neoadjuvant Therapy in Potentially Resectable Stage IIIA/B Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: R0 or No R0
Authors: Peer Michael , Azzam Sharbel , Cyjon Arnold , Katsnelson Rivka , Hayat Henri , Bar Ilan , Merimsky Ofer 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify predictors of postoperative outcome and survival of locally advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) resections after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation.Methods Medical records of all patients with clinical stage III potentially resectable NSCLC initially treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation followed by major pulmonary resections between 1999 to 2019 were retrieved from the databases of four Israeli Medical Centers. Results: The 124 suitable patients included, 86 males (69.4%) and 38 females (30.6%), mean age of 64.2 years (range 37-82) and mean hospital stay of 12.6 days (range 5-123). Complete resection was achieved in 92.7% of the patients, while complete pathologic response was achieved in 35.5%. Overall readmission rate was 16.1%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 47.9%. One patient (0.8%) had local recurrence. Postoperative complications were reported in 49.2% of the patients, mainly atrial fibrillation (15.9%) and pneumonia (13.7%), empyema (10.3%), and early bronchopleural fistula (7.3%). Early in-hospital mortality rate was 6.5% and the six-month mortality rate was 5.6%. Pre-neoadjuvant bulky mediastinal disease (lymph nodes >20 mm) (p=0.034), persistent postoperative N2 disease (p=0.016), R1 resection (p=0.027) and postoperative stage IIIA (p=0.001), emerged as negative predictive factors for survival. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation in locally advanced potentially resectable NSCLC followed by major pulmonary resection is a beneficial approach in selected cases.
All-Fibre Label-Free Nano-Sensor for Real-Time in situ Early Monitoring of Cellular Apoptosis
Authors: Li Dan-ran , Wang Nina , Zhang Tianyang , Wu Guangxing , Xiong Yifeng , Du Qianqian , Tian Yunfei , Zhao Wei-Wei , Ye Jiandong , Gu Shulin , Lu Yan-Qing , Jiang Dechen , Xu Fei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The achievement of all-fibre functional nano-modules for subcellular label-free measurement has long been pursued due to the limitations of manufacturing techniques. In this paper, a compact all-fibre label-free nano-sensor composed of a fibre taper and zinc oxide nano-gratings is designed and applied for the early monitoring of apoptosis in single living cells. Because of its nanoscale dimensions, mechanical flexibility and minimal cytotoxicity to cells, the sensing module can be loaded in cells for long-term in situ tracking with high sensitivity. A gradual increase in the nuclear refractive index during the apoptosis process is observed, revealing the increase in molecular density and the decrease in cell volume. The strategy used in this study not only contributes to the understanding of internal environmental variations during cellular apoptosis but also provides a new platform for non-fluorescent all-fibre devices to investigate cellular events and to promote new progress in fundamental cell biochemical engineering.
The Physical Cause of Planetary Perihelion Precession
Authors: Wang Jian’an 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
According to the revised gravitation formula, the gravitational force on planets in the solar system is mainly provided by the sun, and only when the planet is far enough from the sun to treat the sun as a particle, the gravitational force on the planet coincides well with Newton's gravitational formula. The closer the planet is to the sun, the more the gravitational force on the planet deviates from (greater than) the value calculated by Newton's universal gravitation formula. The precession of the planet's perihelion is due to this property of gravity.
Multidisciplinary peer-led Sexual and Reproductive Health education programme in France, a prospective controlled-study
Authors: Nuttall Anaïs , Mancini Julien , Lizin Camille , Hamzaoui Sabrina , Mariotti Sophie , Louesdon Heloise , Tardieu Sophie , Viton Jean-Michel , Delotte Jerome , Bretelle Florence 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Sexual education is an international priority to promote sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and to reduce risky sexual behaviour. Experts recommend holistic and comprehensive SRH peer-led education.In 2018, the French government launched a new public health peer-led prevention programme called “Service Sanitaire” (SeSa), consisting of health education provided by healthcare students (peer educators) to teenagers. During the first year of the programme and for the first time in France, the impact of the programme was prospectively evaluated to examine whether the programme improved the SRH knowledge of healthcare students and teenagers. Risk perception and risky sexual behaviour among these populations were also evaluated.Method: A prospective multicentre controlled study was conducted from November 2018 to May 2019. SRH knowledge was compared before and after the SeSa programme, and the evolution of this knowledge was compared, with linear regression, between healthcare students benefiting from the SRH SeSa programme and those who were part of another programme. The same analyses of knowledge were performed for teenagers who received the SeSa SRH interventions compared to teenagers who had no specific SRH education programme. Risk perception and risky behaviour were studied before and after the programme among healthcare students and among teenagers.Results: More than 70% of the targeted population participated in the study, with 747 healthcare students and 292 teenagers. SRH peer educators increased their knowledge score significantly more than other peer educators (a difference of 2.1 points/30 [95% CI 1.4 – 2.9] (p[between group] < 0.001)). Teenagers receiving the SeSa intervention also had a greater increase in their knowledge score than the other teenagers (+5.2/30 [95% CI 3.2 – 7.4] p[between group] <0.001). There was no evidence of change in sexual risk behaviours for the healthcare student population. Conclusion: The “Service Sanitaire” programme significantly improved the sexual and reproductive health knowledge of peer-educator healthcare students and teenagers compared to a classic education programme. Longer and/or qualitative studies are needed to evaluate changes in sexual behaviour as well as positive aspects of sexuality.
Large and negative self-defocusing optical Kerr nonlinearity in Palladium di-Selenide 2D films
Authors: Moss David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report a large third-order nonlinear optical response of palladium diselenide (PdSe2) films – a two-dimensional (2D) noble metal dichalcogenide material. Both open-aperture (OA) and closed-aperture (CA) Z-scan measurements are performed with a femtosecond pulsed laser at 800 nm to investigate the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction, respectively. In the OA experiment, we observe optical limiting behaviour originating from large two photo absorption (TPA) in the PdSe2 film of β = 3.26 ×10− 8 m/W. In the CA experiment, we measure a peak-valley response corresponding to a large and negative Kerr nonlinearity of n2 = -1.33×10− 15 m2/W – two orders of magnitude larger than bulk silicon. We also characterize the variation of n2 as a function of laser intensity, observing that n2 decreases in magnitude with incident laser intensity, becoming saturated at n2 = -9.96×10− 16 m2/W at high intensities. These results verify the large third-order nonlinear optical response of 2D PdSe2 as well as its strong potential for high performance nonlinear photonic devices.