bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Konjunkturkomponente der Schuldenbremse — Spielräume und Grenzen
Authors: Korioth Stefan , Müller Michael W. 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag diskutiert den verfassungsrechtlichen Rahmen für eine Reform der Konjunkturkomponente der grundgesetzlichen Schuldenbremse. Diese Komponente ermöglicht es, konjunkturelle Entwicklungen bei der Bestimmung der zulässigen Höhe der Staatsverschuldung zu berücksichtigen. Bei ihrer Ausgestaltung sind vielfältige Abwägungen zur Bestimmung der konjunkturellen Normallage zu treffen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf, das Ausmaß der Teilzeitarbeit und das Renteneintrittsalter. Diese Entscheidungen sollten von der parlamentarischen Gesetzgebung getroffen werden, die dabei über einen erheblichen Gestaltungsspielraum verfügt.
Gerechtigkeit und Effizienz in der Klimapolitik
Authors: Müller-Salo Johannes , Pritzl Rupert 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Klimapolitik sollte den Anforderungen der Gerechtigkeit ebenso wie denen der Effizienz genügen. Dabei sind die zum Einsatz kommenden Instrumente von zentralem Interesse. Jedoch werden meist lediglich die ambitionierten Klimaziele benannt. Vielmehr ist eine offene klimapolitische Diskussion bezüglich innovativer Wege, der zum Einsatz kommenden Instrumente sowie der entstehenden Kosten notwendig. Hierdurch wird auch die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz gefördert. Zudem ist der Klimawandel ein weltweites Phänomen, weshalb der Klimaschutz nur durch internationale Kooperationen gelingen kann.
Applaus allein reicht nicht — wie können Pflegeberufe attraktiver werden?
Authors: Mann Dominik , Kuttner Sean-Pascal , Wesirow Julius Georgi , Bachmann Lukas , Körner Anna Marie , Grabbe Yannis , Rothe Laura , Schueler Lisa , Lang Julia , Fuchs Michaela 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Sicherstellung von genügend Altenpfleger:innen stellt eine sehr große Herausforderung dar, die sich in den kommenden Jahren noch verstärken wird. Sowohl die derzeitigen Pflegekräfte in ihren Jobs zu halten als auch mehr Menschen für diesen Beruf zu gewinnen, ist daher unabdingbar für die Gewährleistung der bedarfsgerechten pflegerischen Versorgung. Einen Baustein hierfür stellt das Projekt „CarEducation“ dar, für das die Schüler:innen des Landschulheims Grovesmühle beim diesjährigen YES!-Wettbewerb mit dem „Best Scientific Analysis Award“ ausgezeichnet wurden. Es soll Schüler:innen sachlich über den Beruf informieren, Vorurteile nehmen und die Begeisterung für Pflege im Allgemeinen steigern.
Steuerehrlichkeit und Steuerlotterien
Authors: Krug Philipp , Langenmayr Dominika , Rauhut Niklas , Schmude Finn Ole , Seitz Thea , Strasoldo Douglas , Withoeft Moritz 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungFür die Einnahmenseite der Staatsfinanzen ist nicht die aggregierte rechnerische Steuerschuld ausschlaggebend, sondern das tatsächliche Steueraufkommen. Diese beiden Größen fallen durch die „Steuerlücke“ auseinander, die das Ausmaß an Steuerhinterziehung beschreibt. Insbesondere bei der Umsatzsteuer reduziert mangelnde Steuerehrlichkeit das Steueraufkommen vieler Staaten. Während in Deutschland z. B. die Registrierkassenpflicht und die Kassenbonpflicht als Maßnahmen eingeführt wurden, setzen andere Staaten auch auf Steuerlotterien. Solche Lotterien werden diskutiert und konkrete Ausgestaltungsvorschläge gemacht, die mithilfe moderner Technologien auch einen positiven Effekt auf die Steuermoral haben können. Das zugrundeliegende Konzept wurde von Schüler:innen der Deutschen Berufsschule Hong Kong für den Schülerwettbewerb YES! Young Economic Summit entwickelt.
Überakkumulation oder Investitionslücke?
Authors: Kellermann Kersten , Schlag Carsten-Henning 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Volkswirtschaften wie der Schweiz, Deutschland oder den USA liegt das Zinsniveau r derzeit unter der langfristigen Wachstumsrate des Bruttoinlandsprodukts n. Dies wird oftmals als Indiz für Überakkumulation interpretiert, welcher durch eine Erhöhung des schuldenfinanzierten Staatskonsums zu begegnen ist. Empirisch zeigt sich jedoch, dass trotz r < n sowohl die marginale Produktivität des privaten als auch die des öffentlichen Kapitals deutlich über dem Zinsniveau verharren. Finanzpolitisch ergeben sich damit Spielräume für mehr schuldenfinanzierte öffentliche Investitionen. Die Realisierung von Wohlfahrtsgewinnen setzt jedoch unternehmerische Kompetenz im Staatssektor und ein gutes langfristiges Schuldenmanagement voraus.
Natürliche Experimente im Arbeitsmarkt und darüber hinaus
Authors: Jäger Simon , Pischke Jörn-Steffen 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Nobelpreis für Wirtschaftswissenschaften geht 2021 an David Card für seine empirischen Beiträge zur Arbeitsökonomik sowie an Joshua Angrist und Guido Imbens für ihre methodischen Beiträge zur Analyse kausaler Zusammenhänge. Die Analyse kausaler Zusammenhänge in der empirischen Ökonomik wurde durch die von den Preisträgern maßgeblich vorangetriebene Methodik der natürlichen Experimente revolutioniert. Anhand der Wirkung von Mindestlöhnen, Mitbestimmung und der Arbeitslosenversicherung lässt sich illustrieren, wie durch natürliche Experimente neue wissenschaftliche Einsichten erlangt werden, die eine empirische Grundlage für eine evidenzbasierte Politikberatung bilden können.
Iterative regularization for constrained minimization formulations of nonlinear inverse problems
Authors: Kaltenbacher Barbara , Van Huynh Kha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study the formulation of inverse problems as constrained minimization problems and their iterative solution by gradient or Newton type methods. We carry out a convergence analysis in the sense of regularization methods and discuss applicability to the problem of identifying the spatially varying diffusivity in an elliptic PDE from different sets of observations. Among these is a novel hybrid imaging technology known as impedance acoustic tomography, for which we provide numerical experiments.
New binary self-dual codes of lengths 80, 84 and 96 from composite matrices
Authors: Gildea Joe , Korban Adrian , Roberts Adam Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, we apply the idea of composite matrices arising from group rings to derive a number of different techniques for constructing self-dual codes over finite commutative Frobenius rings. By applying these techniques over different alphabets, we construct best known singly-even binary self-dual codes of lengths 80, 84 and 96 as well as doubly-even binary self-dual codes of length 96 that were not known in the literature before.
Rising markups and optimal redistributive taxation
Authors: Gürer Eren 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study explores the implications of rising markups for optimal Mirrleesian income and profit taxation. Using a stylized model with two individuals, the main forces shaping welfare-optimal policies are analytically characterized. Although a higher profit tax has redistributive benefits, it adversely affects market competition, leading to a greater equilibrium cost-of-living. Rising markups directly contribute to a decline in optimal marginal taxes on labor income. The optimal policy response to higher markups includes increasingly relying on the profit tax to fund redistribution. Declining optimal marginal income taxes assists the redistributive function of the profit tax by contributing to the expansion of the profit tax base. This response alone considerably increases the equilibrium cost-of-living. Nevertheless, a majority of the individuals become better off with the optimal policy. If it is not possible to tax profits optimally, due, for example, to profit shifting, increasing redistribution via income taxes is not optimal; every individual is worse off relative to the scenario with optimal profit taxation.
Gut microbiome in hemodialysis patients treated with calcium acetate or treated with sucroferric oxyhydroxide: a pilot study
Authors: Merino-Ribas Ana , Araujo Ricardo , Bancu Ioana , Graterol Fredzzia , Vergara Andrea , Noguera-Julian Marc , Paredes Roger , Bonal Jordi , Sampaio-Maia Benedita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
It has been proved that the gut microbiome is altered in patients with chronic kidney disease. This contributes to chronic inflammation and increases cardiovascular risk and mortality, especially in those undergoing hemodialysis. Phosphate binders may potentially induce changes in their microbiome. This trial aimed to compare the changes in the gut microbiome of hemodialysis patients treated with calcium acetate to those treated with sucroferric oxyhydroxide.

Methods
Twelve hemodialysis patients were distributed to receive calcium acetate or sucroferric oxyhydroxide for 5 months. Blood samples (for biochemical analysis) and stool samples (for microbiome analysis) were collected at baseline, 4, 12, and 20 weeks after treatment initiation. Fecal DNA was extracted and a 16S rRNA sequencing library was constructed targeting the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions.

Results
Regarding clinical variables and laboratory parameters, no statistically significant differences were observed between calcium acetate or sucroferric oxyhydroxide groups. When analyzing stool samples, we found that all patients were different (p = 0.001) among themselves and these differences were kept along the 20 weeks of treatment. The clustering analysis in microbial profiles grouped the samples of the same patient independently of the treatment followed and the stage of the treatment.

Conclusion
These results suggest that a 5-month treatment with either calcium acetate or sucroferric oxyhydroxide did not modify baseline diversity or baseline bacterial composition in hemodialysis patients, also about the high-variability profiles of the gut microbiome found among these patients.
Health-Related Quality of Life of Individuals Living In Households with Depression: Evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP)
Authors: Dams Judith , Grochtdreis Thomas , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDepression contributes to disability more than any other mental disorder and is associated with a reduced health-related quality of life. However, the impact of depression on the social environment is relatively unknown. The current study determined differences in the health-related quality of life between co-living household members of depressed persons and persons in households without depression. Furthermore, factors influencing the health-related quality of life of co-living household members of depressed persons were evaluated. Using a sample of the German Socio-Economic Panel, health-related quality of life was measured longitudinally with the 12 item Short Form health survey. In addition to descriptive statistics, differences in health-related quality of life and factors influencing the health-related quality of life of co-living household members of depressed persons were determined by mixed effects beta regressions. Mental health-related quality of life was reduced for co-living household members of depressed persons compared with persons of households without depressed persons. Health-related quality of life of co-living household members of depressed persons was lower for women compared to men as well as for widowed persons compared to married persons. Overall, the health-related quality of life of co-living household members of depressed persons was reduced, which might be due to increased stress levels. It is therefore important to focus on support services for people in the social environment of depressed persons.
How do Consumers’ Gender and Rational Thinking Affect the Acceptance of Entertainment Social Robots?
Authors: Forgas-Coll Santiago , Huertas-Garcia Ruben , Andriella Antonio , Alenyà Guillem 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the rapid ageing of the population, a longer life expectancy and elderly people’s desire to live independently are social changes that put pressure on healthcare systems. This context is boosting the demand for companion and entertainment social robots on the market and, consequently, producers and distributors are interested in knowing how these social robots are accepted by consumers. Based on technology acceptance models, a parsimonious model is proposed to estimate the intention to use this new advanced social robot technology and, in addition, an analysis is performed to determine how consumers’ gender and rational thinking condition the precedents of the intention to use. The results show that gender differences are more important than suggested by the literature. While women gave greater social influence and perceived enjoyment as the main motives for using a social robot, in contrast, men considered their perceived usefulness to be the principal reason and, as a differential argument, the ease of use. Regarding the reasoning system, the most significant differences occurred between heuristic individuals, who stated social influence as the main reason for using a robot, and the more rational consumers, who gave ease of use as a differential argument.
An evolutionary approach to continuously estimate CPR quality parameters from a wrist-worn inertial sensor
Authors: Lins Christian , Friedrich Björn , Hein Andreas , Fudickar Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the most critical emergency interventions for sudden cardiac arrest. In this paper, a robust sinusoidal model-fitting method based on a Evolution Strategy inspired algorithm for CPR quality parameters – naming chest compression frequency and depth – as measured by an inertial measurement unit (IMU) attached to the wrist is presented. The proposed approach will allow bystanders to improve CPR as part of a continuous closed-loop support system once integrated into a smartphone or smartwatch application. By evaluating the model’s precision with data recorded by a training mannequin as reference standard, a variance for the compression frequency of $$\pm 2.22$$

±
2.22

compressions per minute (cpm) has been found for the IMU attached to the wrist. It was found that this previously unconsidered position and thus, the use of smartwatches is a suitable alternative to the typical placement of phones in hand for CPR training.
Making of the Asian Seismological Commission (ASC): A Chinese Perspective
Authors: Chaunzhen Zhu , Zhongliang Wu , Li Li 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article is dedicated to the Silver Jubilee Year of Asian Seismological Commission (ASC) and provides details of its evolution from its nascent stage from a Chinese perspective. The review includes the seeding of the idea of ASC, its formation, the General Assemblies and the International Conference on Continental Earthquakes (ICCE) series in which ASC played an active role. The paper also highlights the profiles of the Commission as well as its role in the development of Asian seismology.
Asian Seismological Commission – A Bright History and Challenges Ahead
Authors: Chadha R. K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Asian Seismological Commission (ASC) completed 25 years in August 2021 after fulfilling its primary aim of bringing together, Earth scientists from Asia and Oceania regions. Since its first formal meeting in Tangshan, China during August 1-3, 1996 under the umbrella of IASPEI Regional Assembly, ASC independently organized 11 General Assemblies across the Asian Continent from Armenia and Iran in western Asia to Australia in Oceania, once every two years, without a break. The Training Courses in Seismology preceding these Assemblies greatly helped in developing a strong work force that came very handy after the extreme event of 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and underlined the importance of scientific cooperation within Asian and Pacific Ocean countries. The Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) in its closing report to the IDNDR/ STC (1992-98) acknowledged the significant contributions of the first two ASC technical meetings held in Beijing (10/93, 10/94) and Hyderabad, India (3/96) in the outcome of their program in Eastern Asia (GHSAP Region 8). This paper describes the ASC events that occurred during its journey from birth to reaching the pinnacle of its glory at the end of the Silver Jubilee Year in 2021. This paper will also serve as a recorded history for posterity to build upon the efforts already made, by the coming generations in this field.
Modern Seismology in China: Centennial Retrospect
Authors: Zhongliang Wu , Zhu Chaunzhen , Li Li 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For the silver jubilee of the Asian Seismological Commission (ASC) in which China participated actively, this article briefly reviews the history of modern seismology in China since 1921. Seen in a century perspective, it is shown that earthquake prediction as an important scientific agenda in the seismological science in China follows the ‘technical hyper cycle’, albeit with a longer time scale, and now is the stage of ‘plateau of productivity’.
Deterministic, Probabilistic, and Data-enhanced Models of Seismic Hazard Assessments with some Applications to Central Asian Regions
Authors: Ismail-Zadeh Alik , Kumar Abhishek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We overview some seismic hazard research in Central Asia, namely, in the Shillong Plateau (at a local level) and in the Himalaya – Tibet Plateau regions (at a regional level), using deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard assessments (SHAs) as well as a data-enhanced SHA based on observed and simulated seismicity. Improving SHAs and integrating them with assessments related to vulnerability and exposure to earthquakes would contribute to understanding disaster risks and its reduction as well as to building safety and resilience in Asia and elsewhere.
Tectonic Block Model of Continental Earthquakes in China: Twenty-years Retrospective
Authors: Zhongliang Wu , Hu Chaozhong , Wang Long , Zhang Yongxian , Shao Zhigang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
At the beginning of the 21st century, the ‘active tectonic block model’, described by hierarchical crustal tectonic blocks, was proposed to explain the distribution of continental earthquakes in China. The blocks, as well as the block boundary zones, were determined by geological, geophysical, and geodetic observations. The model, indicating that large earthquakes, especially great earthquakes, occur mainly in the boundary zones, plays an important role in seismic hazard assessment and earthquake forecast in China. The model has been tested by the seismicity in continental China in the past 20 years. Meanwhile, with new data accumulating and new technology emerging, it is possible to update the model into a new version, e.g., from 2D to 3D by considering deep structures such as crustal channel flow, and from a kinematic model to a dynamic one by computational geodynamics. The updated model could also be applied to broader continental regions for international collaborative and comparative studies.
Earthquake Early Warning Systems in Taiwan: Current Status
Authors: Wu Yih-Min , Mittal Himanshu , Chen Da-Yi , Hsu Ting-Yu , Lin Pei-Yang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The earthquake early warning (EEW) system in Taiwan is the outcome of rigorous research work carried out at various levels after the occurrence of the 1986 Hualien earthquake that caused destruction. After more than 25 years of development, three different EEW systems exist in Taiwan. Currently, the nation wide regional EEW system is operated by the Central Weather Bureau (CWB), whereas, a hybrid (regional & onsite) system based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical System sensors is run by National Taiwan University (NTU). The third EEW (onsite system) is run by the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE). Both CWB and NTU systems are capable of reporting the EEW warnings within 20 seconds of earthquake occurrence. The CWB system is incharge of providing earthquake alerts in Taiwan via text message through mobile phone, TV, and directly broadcasting system to schools and is providing earthquake alarms to the general public since 2016. During recently damaging earthquakes in Taiwan, the NTU system provided 2-8 seconds onsite warning (lead time) in the blind zone around the epicenter. The NTU system also can generate near real-time shake maps for rapid response purposes. The NCREE system consists of about 98 stations and can provide several seconds lead time in the area near the epicenter. The NCREE system also can receive CWB regional EEW messages for warning the regions away from the epicenter. Individually every system has its advantage, however, the hybrid approach will be one of the future systems for real operation.
China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES): A System Science Perspective
Authors: Zhongliang Wu , Li Li 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES) dedicates to the multi-disciplinary research on the mechanism of continental earthquakes and reduction of seismic disaster risk. This scientific goal, as well as the roadmap to achieve this goal, is characterized by system science nature and requires a system science perspective. This article reviews CSES as a system from its early version to the present form, discussing on some critical concepts related to the design, planning, maintenance, and upgrading of this natural laboratory.
Studies of Artificial Water Reservoir Triggered Earthquakes at Koyna, India: A Summary
Authors: Gupta Harsh K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Anthropogenic seismicity has been observed due to filling of artificial water reservoirs, geothermal and natural oil/gas production, and gold/coal mining under favorable geological conditions. Among these, artificial water reservoir triggered seismicity (RTS) is most prominent, with over 200 sites globally where RTS has been observed, including 5 sites where earthquakes exceeding M 6 magnitude occurred. Koyna, located near the west coast of India in stable Deccan Volcanic Province is the most prominent site where the largest RTS event of M 6.3 occurred in 1967, and the RTS has continued till now, for near field study of earthquakes. Here we present a summary of (a) global RTS, (b) scientific work carried in the Koyna region, (c) characterizing RTS, and (d) establishing a 3 km deep Pilot Borehole laboratory as a precursor to setting up of a ~ 7 km deep bore hole laboratory. The work being carried out is providing necessary inputs for the design of the ~ 7 km deep borehole laboratory for the near field studies of RTS and shed light on the geneses of earthquakes in general and RTS.
Overview of the Characteristics of Reservoir-triggered Seismic Activity at Some Hydropower Reservoirs in Vietnam
Authors: Dinh Trong Cao , Dinh Trieu Cao , Anh Tuan Thai , Quoc Van Dinh , Van Dung Le , Thanh Hai Dang , Xuan Bach Mai , Nam Hung Pham , Huu Tuyen Nguyen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the authors present the expression of triggered earthquakes at some hydropower reservoirs in Vietnam. The results indicate that: (1) The triggered earthquakes of magnitude M &gt; 4.0 have occurred at the Hoa Binh, Song Tranh 2 and Son La hydropower reservoirs. All these reservoirs are more than 90 m deep and located on gneiss, granite or limestone rocks; (2) Triggered earthquakes at the Hoa Binh, Song Tranh 2 and Son La hydropower reservoirs are the rapid ones. The earthquake frequency has close ties with the water level change; (3) Vp/Vs ratio can be used as the main factor determining the triggered earthquake source. The natural earthquake sources interconnecting with the reservoir and having the Vp/Vs ratio of 1.63-1.69 have the highest risk of triggered earthquake occurrence and (4) There is no risk of triggered earthquake occurrence at Hoa Binh hydropower reservoir, the magnitude of 4.9 is the maximum. Triggered earthquakes in the Song Tranh 2 reservoir continue occurring with the magnitude of smaller than 4.7. In the Son La reservoir, triggered earthquakes have a magnitude of 4.3.