bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Interactive Surgical Skills Classroom: Protocol for a Parallel-Group, Noninferiority, Adjudicator-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial (VIRTUAL)
Authors: Nathan Arjun , Fricker Monty , Patel Sonam , Georgi Maria , Hang Man Kien , Asif Aqua , Sinha Amil , Mullins William , Shea Jessie , Hanna Nancy , Lamb Benjamin , Kelly John , Sridhar Ashwin , Collins Justin 
Published: May 2021

Background
Traditional face-to-face training (FFT) for basic surgical skills is inaccessible and resource-intensive. Noninteractive computer-based learning is more economical but less educationally beneficial. Virtual classroom training (VCT) is a novel method that permits distanced interactive expert instruction. VCT may optimize resources and increase accessibility.

Objective
We aim to investigate whether VCT is superior to computer-based learning and noninferior to FFT in improving proficiency in basic surgical skills.

Methods
This is a protocol for a parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial. A sample of 72 undergraduates will be recruited from 5 medical schools in London. Participants will be stratified by subjective and objective suturing experience level and allocated to 3 intervention groups at a 1:1:1 ratio. VCT will be delivered using the BARCO weConnect software, and FFT will be provided by expert instructors. Optimal student-to-teacher ratios of 12:1 for VCT and 4:1 for FFT will be maintained. The assessed task will be interrupted suturing with hand-tied knots.

Results
The primary outcome will be the postintervention Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills score, adjudicated by 2 experts blinded to the study and adjusted for baseline proficiency. The noninferiority margin (δ) will be defined using historical data.

Conclusions
This study will serve as a comprehensive appraisal of the suitability of virtual basic surgical skills classroom training as an alternative to FFT. Our findings will assist the development and implementation of further resource-efficient, accessible, virtual basic surgical skills training programs during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future.

Trial Registration
International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN12448098; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12448098

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/28671
Line graph of unit graphs associated with finite commutative rings
Authors: Pranjali  , Kumar Amit , Sharma Pooja 
Published: May 2021

For a given graph G, its line graph denoted by L(G) is a graph whose vertex set V (L(G)) = E(G) and {e1, e2} ∈ E(L(G)) if e1 and e2 are incident to a common vertex in G. Let R be a finite commutative ring with nonzero identity and G(R) denotes the unit graph associated with R. In this manuscript, we have studied the line graph L(G(R)) of unit graph G(R) associated with R. In the course of the investigation, several basic properties, viz., diameter, girth, clique, and chromatic number of L(G(R)) have been determined. Further, we have derived sufficient conditions for L(G(R)) to be Planar and Hamiltonian
Development of Mathematical Model to Study the Variation Temperature due to the Collision of
Authors: Dhobi Saddam Husain , Panthi Arjun , Panthi Subash , Subedi Roshan 
Published: May 2021

To study the variation of temperature with the collision of the air molecules, with aircraft the authors consider the random velocities of the air molecules or aerosol and aircraft. After this, the authors start to develop and extend the old relation of gases, collision, velocities, and temperature. On combining, the authors derived a new equation and relation among these parameters. The derivation for this work assumes some suitable and considerable, assumptions based on collision theory. The relation shows, on collision between the aircraft and air molecules the velocity of the aircraft does not change while the velocity of the air molecules goes on change, which is our goal.
The change in velocity of gases is used to develop and study the variation of temperature of the atmosphere, the variation of temperature takes place because the speed of aircraft and air molecules are exchangeable in some cases. Therefore, two relations are developed (24) and (25), finally, which depend upon the initial velocities of aircraft and air molecules. On considering the case for initial velocities of aircraft is greater than initial velocities of air molecules, after the collision, the velocities of gases go on the increase, and hence the temperature increase and vice-versa in case of initial velocities of aircraft is less than the initial velocity of air molecules.
Problems and prospects of establishing and implementing forms of direct democracy in russian legislation
Authors: Goncharov Vitaly Viktorovich , Balashenko Sergey A. , Pukhov Artem A. , Mikhaleva Tatiana N. , Vasilevich Grigory A. , Zalesny Jacek 
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of problems and prospects of consolidating and implementing forms of direct democracy in Russian legislation at the Federal, regional and local levels. The authors have developed and justified measures to solve these problems. The full consolidation and implementation of direct democracy in Russian legislation will create additional legal guarantees for the implementation of the constitutional principles of democracy and citizen participation in the management of state affairs, taking the next step towards improving the Russian Federation as a modern democratic state.
Election as a principle of organization and activity of executive authorities in Russia
Authors: Goncharov Vitaly Viktorovich 
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the problems of implementing such a principle of organization and activity of executive authorities in the Russian Federation as election. This principle of the formation and functioning of government in Russia is shown on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the electoral mechanism in the country with the development of proposals to improve the electoral process, the electoral rights of citizens, the exclusion of frequent violations of its principles for the real realization of popular sovereignty.
Ethics and professionalism in the work of public servants as a principle of organization and activity of executive authorities in Russia
Authors: Goncharov Vitaly Viktorovich , Khachmafova Zaineta R. , Slyshkin Gennady G. , Zheltukhina Marina R. , Makerova Susanna R. , Stepanova Diana I. 
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of the implementation in the organization and activities of executive authorities in the Russian Federation of the principle of ethics and professionalism in the work of public servants. The authors have developed and justified a set of measures to improve the professionalism and ethical level of civil servants of the executive branch.
Installations for cleaning exhaust fumes from dust–gas pollutants
Authors: Czajkowska Aleksandra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article shows the methods and techniques that are used for cleaning exhaust fumes from dust–gas particles. The pollutants come from a complicated electricity production process in a thermal power station, whose main fuel is a hard coal or a brown coal. In the recent years, using purification installations has been the result of changing regulations in the field of environmental protection and increasing public awareness. The methods are aimed to reduce nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and dust emissions to the environment, not exceeding the emission limit values for individual chemical compounds.
Herpetofauna of the Kozubów Landscape Park
Authors: Wojdan Dariusz , Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona , Gworek Barbara , Lisowska-Mieszkowska Ewa , Chmielewski Jarosław 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The research was conducted in 2016–2017 in the 6,613-ha Kozubów Landscape Park (KLP). It focused on the occurrence and distribution of amphibians and reptiles, the biology and phenology of selected species and the existing threats.
The KLP, established in 1986, is located in the Nida Basin, covering the eastern part of the Wodzisławski Ridge. This area is characterised by diverse landscape features formed on a chalk substrate. A significant part of the KLP (48.8%) is covered by forests growing on the tops and slopes of loess hills intersected by valleys and gorges. Hornbeam forests and fragments of riparian forests have retained a semi-natural character. The steep, non-forested slopes with a southern and south-western exposure are overgrown by thermophilic xerothermic grasslands. Xerothermic plant communities show a relatively low species diversity, because the main type of substrate in this area is loess. Two nature reserves, Polana Polichno and Wroni Dół, are located within the KLP borders.
The following amphibian species were found in the KLP: smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris L.), great crested newt (Triturus cristatus Laur.), European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina L.), common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus Laur.), common toad (Bufo bufo L.), European green toad (Bufotes viridis Laur.), European tree frog (Hyla arborea L.), edible frog (Pelophylax esculentus L.), pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae Cam.), moor frog (Rana arvalis Nilss.) and common frog (Rana temporaria L.). Reptiles are represented by the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis L.), viviparous lizard (Zootoca vivipara Jacquin), slow worm (Anguis fragilis L.), grass snake (Natrix natrix L.), smooth snake (Coronella austriaca Laur.) and common European adder (Vipera berus L.). The study also included the phenology and reproductive biology of common toad and common frog.
Major threats to the herpetofauna are posed by grass burning. Unfavourable changes include decreasing water levels and drying out of water bodies.
The use of modified vegetable oil from Crambe abyssinica as a lubricant base for the food industry
Authors: Chrobak Justyna , Iłowska Jolanta , Grabowski Rafał , Szmatoła Michał , Studnik Hanna , Korasiak Kamil , Drabik Jolanta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lubricants that are based on vegetable oils and other renewable resources are the subject of many research studies and can be used in various applications, especially in the food industry, which is characterized by the high quality requirements related to the necessity to develop biodegradable lubricants that are environmentally friendly and do not contain harmful components and are safe to use for people. The objective of the described research was to obtain a base oil with a certain viscosity, which is higher than the viscosity of the initial vegetable oil, and certain lubricating properties. The initial oil derived from Crambe abyssinica was subjected to oxidation in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide with or without supercritical CO2 as a solvent. As a final result of this study, base oils meeting the viscosity requirements and having high biodegradability were obtained. The Raman spectra of the modified vegetable oils were evaluated and they were used for the initial assessment of the composition and the evaluation of the presence of harmful chemical compounds.
ANALIZA OSIGURANJA U POLJOPRIVREDI U SRBIJI U PERIODU OD 2015-2020. GODINE
Authors: Aleksić Marko 
Published: May 2021

Rad se bavi agrarom i osiguranjem poljoprivredne proizvodnje u Srbiji. Prikaz osiguranja kroz istoriju sa posebnim osvrtom na osiguranje u poljoprivredi kao jednoj od najrizičnijih grana privrede. Pažnja je usmerena na rizike koji pogađaju agrarnu proizvodnju i upravljanje rizicima. Osiguranje, kao jedan od bitnih činilaca za upravljanje rizicima, njegova zastupljenost u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji Srbije kao i u osiguravajućim društvima. Da li je ovaj način upravljanja rizicima rentabilan sa stanovišta osiguranika i osiguravača i mere koje treba preduzeti za masovnije korišćenje ove vrste zaštite od potencijalnih rizika.
Corpus callosotomy for drug-resistant epilepsy in a pediatric patient with Waardenburg syndrome Type I
Authors: Shimogawa Takafumi , Mukae Nobutaka , Morioka Takato , Sakata Ayumi , Sakai Yasunari , Matsumoto Nozomu , Mizoguchi Masahiro 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is caused by autosomal dominant mutations. Since the coexistence of epilepsy and WS type I is rare, the detailed clinical features and treatment of epilepsy, including surgery, have not been fully reported for these patients. We report the first case of an individual with WS type I, who underwent corpus callosotomy (CC) for drug-resistant epilepsy and obtained good seizure outcomes.

Case Description:
A boy was diagnosed as having WS type I and developmental delay based on characteristic symptoms and a family history of hearing loss. He underwent cochlear implantation at 18 months of age. At 4 years of age, he developed epileptic seizures with a semiology of drop attack. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed bilateral synchronous high-amplitude spikes and wave bursts, dominant in the right hemisphere. Based on the multimodality examinations, we considered that ictal discharges propagated from the entire right hemisphere to the left, resulting in synchronous discharge and a clinical drop attack; therefore, CC was indicated. At 9 years of age, he underwent a front 2/3rd CC. At 1 year, the patient became seizure free, and interictal EEG showed less frequent and lower amplitude spike and wave bursts than before.

Conclusion:
When patients with WS Type I and cognitive impairment show drug-resistant epilepsy, clinicians should consider a presurgical evaluation.
MENEMUKAN BUDAYA TABE’ BUGIS-MAKASSAR PADA KOREAN WAVE
Authors: Suhada Nur Kisti , Ekawardhani Windhy , Nurulita Alvina 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe Bugis-Makassar’s tabe’ culture is a polite culture that is highly valued by ancestors. However, some research and based on observation in the field by researchers shows that the existance of local culture is starting to decline especially among adolescents. One country that has a culture of courtesy that does not deviate from Indonesian culture and still exists in the daily lives of its people is South Korea. Korean pop culture or Korean wave originating from South Korea has been known globally and interested by teenagers, including Makassar’s teenagers. This research aims to find Bugis-Makassar’s tabe’ culture on the Korean wave. Data collection uses observation and interview techniques conducted in Makassar. The informants or research subjects were students of SMP Negeri 12 Makassar in 7 grade as many as 5 people and SMA Negeri 1 Makassar in 11 grade as many as 7 people. Data that has been collected is then analyzed. The data analysis shows that Bugis-Makassar’s tabe’ culture is in koren waves both in the form of action and the words in different contexts but has the same meaning. Through the Korean wave which is many interested by people in specific youth communities can be an example for them to apply the tabe’ culture in their daily lives. Key Words : Bugis-Makassar’s tabe’ culture; Korean Wave
PENGARUH PERSEPSI SISWA MENGENAI KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL DAN PEDAGOGIK GURU TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA MTs SULTAN HASANUDDIN
Authors: Bachtiar Tauhidah 
Published: May 2021

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu sarana strategis bagi peningkatan mutu sumber daya manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi siswa mengenai kompetensi profesional dan pedagogik guru, motivasi belajar Biologi siswa, hasil belajar Biologi siswa serta pengaruh antara persepsi siswa mengenai kompetensi profesional dan pedagogik guru terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar Biologi siswa MTs. Sultan Hasanuddin. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian ex post facto yang bersifat korelasional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa ada pengaruh persepsi siswa mengenai kompetensi profesional dan pedagogik guru terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar biologi siswa. Adapun persepsi siswa kelas IX tentang kompetensi profesional guru biologi Mts. Sultan Hasanuddin berada pada kategori baik. Adapun yang menyebabkan sehingga hasil dari pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa persepsi siswa mengenai kompetensi profesional berada pada kategori baik karena jawaban siswa dalam kuesioner didominasi oleh pemilihan item positif dengan memilih alternatif jawaban sangat setuju dan setuju.Kata kunci: Profesional, Pedagogik, Motivasi Hasil Belajar.
RECOVERY OF HUMAN DIGINITY; KANTIAN CONSIDERATION
Authors: Ifeakor Chinedu , Odo Anselm Ikenna 
Published: May 2021

This paper tends to recover the dignity of human person using Kant’s view point. Human dignity has for long being in a state of pang. It has been in the lowest esteem in the contemporary society; human right abuses, depersonalization of man, and lack of human respect. The researchers adopt expository method in carrying out the work. The researchers conclude that human life is a phenomenon characterized by a high sense of uniqueness. Every human person ought to be properly treated with such uniqueness, bearing in mind that- all are one and the same people.This paper tends to recover the dignity of human person using Kant’s view point. Human dignity has for long being in a state of pang. It has been in the lowest esteem in the contemporary society; human right abuses, depersonalization of man, and lack of human respect. The researchers adopt expository method in carrying out the work. The researchers conclude that human life is a phenomenon characterized by a high sense of uniqueness. Every human person ought to be properly treated with such uniqueness, bearing in mind that- all are one and the same people. Keywords:Recovery, human person and dignity.
STUDY ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN THE RECOVERY AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF PUPILS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Authors: Pehoiu C , Andra Pehoiu , C Savu , D Cristea 
Published: May 2021

Children in the category of people with special needs must, because they have the right, benefit from an educational approach that ensures their develop- ment and recovery, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, social integra- tion or reintegration under non-discriminatory conditions regarding capabili- ties, skills, abilities or personality.
The study aims to integrate knowledge, methods, forms and means specific to the field of motion science into activities that are meant to optimize health status, growth and physical development and the possibilities for their recovery and social integration of the children with special needs
The study took place in the on a group of 10 students and 26 teachers and physiotherapists. Methods that are part of the category of those specific to the educational field were used, namely: scientific documentation, observa- tion, pedagogical experiment, opinion questionnaire, statistical-mathematical processing, graphic representation.
Considering the heterogeneity of the subjects, following the application of the physical exercise program and the tests of evaluation of the motricity, an appreciable progress is observed in 8 of them, which represents 80%; for the remaining 20%, the progress made does not change the status of people with a low level of motor ability, namely speed, strength and endurance.
Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Dan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Return Saham
Authors: Septiana Amelia , Sukamto Sukamto , Wahyuni Wiwin 
Published: May 2021

This research aimed to look at the impact of Intellectual Capital and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on the stock returns of manufacturing companies. Intellectual Capital, as measured by the Public-VAIC (Value Added Intellectual Coefficient) model of the company's three key resources (human capital, structural capital, and customer capital), and Corporate Social Responsibility Transparency, as measured by the CSRDI, were the independent variables in this analysis. Stock Return is the dependent variable. An empirical study is what this form of research is. Purposive sampling is used to pick the samples. In this analysis, 80 manufacturing companies that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018 were used as a sample. The findings revealed that Intellectual Capital had a substantial impact on stock returns, while Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure had no impact.
Estrategias y desafíos en extensión universitaria: la experiencia del Observatorio de Conflictos Sociales del Nordeste Argentino
Authors: Observatorio de Conflictos Sociales del Nordeste OCSO-NEA , Marturet Fernando Nahuel , Miño Marisa Noemí , Cendali Godoy Matías Lihuel , Román Maximiliano Eduardo , Silva Nicolás , Cardozo Quintana Sofía Raquel , Black Ana Clara , Gómez María Alejandra 
Published: May 2021

<p> El artículo tiene como finalidad presentar una reflexión colectiva sobre las acciones y estrategias que, a lo largo del tiempo, fueron configurando y modificando el <em>modus operandi</em> del Observatorio de Conflictos Sociales del Nordeste Argentino. El principal objetivo de este Observatorio es el de realizar registros y análisis de la conflictividad social regional en sus dimensiones ambientales, de género y de Derechos Humanos, en interacción con las organizaciones sociales e instituciones que abordan las problemáticas correspondientes. Por lo tanto, se tematizan también esas vinculaciones y los recorridos por cada una de las tres áreas de trabajo.</p>
Thermal Spray Alternatives for Electroplated Chromium
Authors: Irons G. , Kratochvil W. , Schroeder M. , Brock C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many thermal spray coatings provide excellent wear and corrosion resistance, while providing die same surface finish offered by chromium plating. In the past, the choice between thermal spraying or plating was usually based on part size, area to be coated, cost and familiarity with one or the other method. Today, the thermal spray processes are showing greater popularity due to: ♦ New thermal spray processes and coatings with better properties ♦ Increased chromium plating costs due to stricter regulations on the process and the disposal of its waste products ♦ The closing of chromium plating facilities Thermal spraying offers an opportunity to select a coating from a wide variety of processes and materials that will meet the specific requirements of each application. While this may cause some difficulty in selecting the optimum coating, the selected thermal spray coating often has superior propolies and/or lower cost compared to chromium plating. The highest quality coatings are sprayed by the HVOF process, many with carbide containing materials. Dense plasma grayed ceramic materials offer good wear resistance plus elevated temperature capability. The most economical replacements for chromium plate are applied by the two-wire arc spray process. This paper examines the properties and costs of eight different dismal sprayed coatings and compares them with electroplated chromium.