bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicity basis for three-dimensional conformal field theory
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Li Yue-Zhou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Three-point correlators of spinning operators admit multiple tensor structures compatible with conformal symmetry. For conserved currents in three dimensions, we point out that helicity commutes with conformal transformations and we use this to construct three-point structures which diagonalize helicity. In this helicity basis, OPE data is found to be diagonal for mean-field correlators of conserved currents and stress tensor. Furthermore, we use Lorentzian inversion formula to obtain anomalous dimensions for conserved currents at bulk tree-level order in holographic theories, which we compare with corresponding flat-space gluon scattering amplitudes.
Variations on the Maiani-Testa approach and the inverse problem
Authors: Bruno M. , Hansen M. T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe discuss a method to construct hadronic scattering and decay amplitudes from Euclidean correlators, by combining the approach of a regulated inverse Laplace transform with the work of Maiani and Testa [1]. Revisiting the original result of ref. [1], we observe that the key observation, i.e. that only threshold scattering information can be extracted at large separations, can be understood by interpreting the correlator as a spectral function,ρ(ω), convoluted with the Euclidean kernel,e−ωt, which is sharply peaked at threshold. We therefore consider a modification in which a smooth step function, equal to one above a target energy, is inserted in the spectral decomposition. This can be achieved either through Backus-Gilbert-like methods or more directly using the variational approach. The result is a shifted resolution function, such that the largetlimit projects onto scattering or decay amplitudes above threshold. The utility of this method is highlighted through largetexpansions of both three- and four-point functions that include leading terms proportional to the real and imaginary parts (separately) of the target observable. This work also presents new results relevant for the un-modified correlator at threshold, including expressions for extracting theNπscattering length from four-point functions and a new strategy to organize the largetexpansion that exhibits better convergence than the expansion in powers of 1/t.
Late Thrombectomy in Clinical Practice
Authors: Herzberg Moriz , Scherling Korbinian , Stahl Robert , Tiedt Steffen , Wollenweber Frank A. , Küpper Clemens , Feil Katharina , Forbrig Robert , Patzig Maximilian , Kellert Lars , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Reidler Paul , Zimmermann Hanna , Liebig Thomas , Dieterich Marianne , Dorn Franziska ,   GSR investigators, Boeckh-Behrens T. , Wunderlich S. , Reich A. , Wiesmann M. , Ernemann U. , Hauser T. , Siebert E. , Nolte C. , Zweynert S. , Bohner G. , Ludolph A. , Henn K.-H. , Pfeilschifter W. , Wagner M. , Röther J. , Eckert B. , Berrouschot J. , Gerloff C. , Fiehler J. , Thomalla G. , Alegiani A. , Hattingen E. , Petzold G. , Thonke S. , Bangard C. , Kraemer C. , Dichgans M. , Psychogios M. , Liman J. , Petersen M. , Stögbauer F. , Kraft P , Pham M. , Braun M. , Kastrup A. , Gröschel K. , Uphaus T. , Limmroth V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and Purpose
To provide real-world data on outcome and procedural factors of late thrombectomy patients.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients from the multicenter German Stroke Registry. The primary endpoint was clinical outcome on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months. Trial-eligible patients and the subgroups were compared to the ineligible group. Secondary analyses included multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of good outcome (mRS ≤ 2).

Results
Of 1917 patients who underwent thrombectomy, 208 (11%) were treated within a time window ≥ 6–24 h and met the baseline trial criteria. Of these, 27 patients (13%) were eligible for DAWN and 39 (19%) for DEFUSE3 and 156 patients were not eligible for DAWN or DEFUSE3 (75%), mainly because there was no perfusion imaging (62%; n = 129). Good outcome was not significantly higher in trial-ineligible (27%) than in trial-eligible (20%) patients (p = 0.343). Patients with large trial-ineligible CT perfusion imaging (CTP) lesions had significantly more hemorrhagic complications (33%) as well as unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusion
In clinical practice, the high number of patients with a good clinical outcome after endovascular therapy ≥ 6–24 h as in DAWN/DEFUSE3 could not be achieved. Similar outcomes are seen in patients selected for EVT ≥ 6 h based on factors other than CTP. Patients triaged without CTP showed trends for shorter arrival to reperfusion times and higher rates of independence.
An extended Hamilton principle as unifying theory for coupled problems and dissipative microstructure evolution
Authors: Junker Philipp , Balzani Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn established strategy for material modeling is provided by energy-based principles such that evolution equations in terms of ordinary differential equations can be derived. However, there exist a variety of material models that also need to take into account non-local effects to capture microstructure evolution. In this case, the evolution of microstructure is described by a partial differential equation. In this contribution, we present how Hamilton’s principle provides a physically sound strategy for the derivation of transient field equations for all state variables. Therefore, we begin with a demonstration how Hamilton’s principle generalizes the principle of stationary action for rigid bodies. Furthermore, we show that the basic idea behind Hamilton’s principle is not restricted to isothermal mechanical processes. In contrast, we propose an extended Hamilton principle which is applicable to coupled problems and dissipative microstructure evolution. As example, we demonstrate how the field equations for all state variables for thermo-mechanically coupled problems, i.e., displacements, temperature, and internal variables, result from the stationarity of the extended Hamilton functional. The relation to other principles, as the principle of virtual work and Onsager’s principle, is given. Finally, exemplary material models demonstrate how to use the extended Hamilton principle for thermo-mechanically coupled elastic, gradient-enhanced, rate-dependent, and rate-independent materials.
Triamterene induces autophagic degradation of lysosome by exacerbating lysosomal integrity
Authors: Park Na Yeon , Jo Doo Sin , Kim Yong Hwan , Bae Ji-Eun , Kim Joon Bum , Park Hyun Jun , Choi Ji Yeon , Lee Ha Jung , Chang Jeong Ho , Bunch Heeyoun , Jeon Hong Bae , Jung Yong-Keun , Cho Dong-Hyung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe maintenance of lysosomal integrity is essential for lysosome function and cell fate. Damaged lysosomes are degraded by lysosomal autophagy, lysophagy. The mechanism underlying lysophagy remains largely unknown; this study aimed to contribute to the understanding of this topic. A cell-based screening system was used to identify novel lysophagy modulators. Triamterene (6-phenylpteridine-2,4,7-triamine) was identified as one of the most potent lysophagy inducers from the screening process. We found that triamterene causes lysosomal rupture without affecting other cellular organelles and increases autophagy flux in HepG2 cells. Damaged lysosomes in triamterene-treated cells were removed by autophagy-mediated pathway, which was inhibited by depletion of the autophagy regulator, ATG5 or SQSTM1. In addition, treatment of triamterene decreased the integrity of lysosome and cell viability, which were rescued by removing the triamterene treatment in HepG2 cells. Hence, our data suggest that triamterene is a novel lysophagy inducer through the disruption of lysosomal integrity.
Transparency or restricting gifts? Polish medical students’ opinions about regulating relationships with pharmaceutical sales representatives
Authors: Makowska Marta , Kaczmarek Emilia , Rodzinka Marcin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRelationships between physicians and pharmaceutical sales representatives (PSRs) often create conflicts of interest, not least because of the various benefits received by physicians. Many countries attempt to control pharmaceutical industry marketing strategies through legal regulation, and this is true in Poland where efforts are underway to eliminate any practices that might be considered corrupt in medicine. The present research considered Polish medical students’ opinions about domestic laws restricting doctors’ acceptance of expensive gifts from the industry, the idea of compulsory transparency, and the possibility of introducing a Polish Sunshine Law. A qualitative, focus group-based, interview method was used. Data were gathered from nine focus groups involving 92 medical students from three universities located in major Polish cities. The article presents a classification of opposing student views with regard to the consequences of introducing different legal solutions; this should be useful for policy makers deliberating on how to optimally regulate pharmaceutical marketing. The study’s results are discussed in the context of the public bioethical debate in Poland.
Conjectures on Stably Newton Degenerate Singularities
Authors: Stevens Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe discuss a problem of Arnold, whether every function is stably equivalent to one which is non-degenerate for its Newton diagram. We argue that the answer is negative. We describe a method to make functions non-degenerate after stabilisation and give examples of singularities where this method does not work. We conjecture that they are in fact stably degenerate, that is not stably equivalent to non-degenerate functions.We review the various non-degeneracy concepts in the literature. For finite characteristic, we conjecture that there are no wild vanishing cycles for non-degenerate singularities. This implies that the simplest example of singularities with finite Milnor number, $$x^p+x^q$$

x
p

+

x
q

in characteristic p, is not stably equivalent to a non-degenerate function. We argue that irreducible plane curves with an arbitrary number of Puiseux pairs (in characteristic zero) are stably non-degenerate. As the stabilisation involves many variables, it becomes very difficult to determine the Newton diagram in general, but the form of the equations indicates that the defining functions are non-degenerate.
A Hecke-equivariant decomposition of spaces of Drinfeld cusp forms via representation theory, and an investigation of its subfactors
Authors: Böckle Gebhard , Gräf Peter Mathias , Perkins Rudolph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere are various reasons why a naive analog of the Maeda conjecture has to fail for Drinfeld cusp forms. Focussing on double cusp forms and using the link found by Teitelbaum between Drinfeld cusp forms and certain harmonic cochains, we observed a while ago that all obvious counterexamples disappear for certain Hecke-invariant subquotients of spaces of Drinfeld cusp forms of fixed weight, which can be defined naturally via representation theory. The present work extends Teitelbaum’s isomorphism to an adelic setting and to arbitrary levels, it makes precise the impact of representation theory, it relates certain intertwining maps to hyperderivatives of Bosser-Pellarin, and it begins an investigation into dimension formulas for the subquotients mentioned above. We end with some numerical data for$$A={\mathbb {F}}_3[t]$$A=F3[t]that displays a new obstruction to an analog of a Maeda conjecture by discovering a conjecturally infinite supply of$${\mathbb {F}}_3(t)$$F3(t)-rational eigenforms with combinatorially given (conjectural) Hecke eigenvalues at the prime t.
Simultaneous self-optimisation of yield and purity through successive combination of inline FT-IR spectroscopy and online mass spectrometry in flow reactions
Authors: Fath Verena , Lau Philipp , Greve Christoph , Weller Philipp , Kockmann Norbert , Röder Thorsten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSelf-optimisation constitutes a very helpful tool for chemical process development, both in lab and in industrial applications. However, research on the application of model-free autonomous optimisation strategies (based on experimental investigation) for complex reactions of high industrial significance, which involve considerable intermediate and by-product formation, is still in an early stage. This article describes the development of an enhanced autonomous microfluidic reactor platform for organolithium and epoxide reactions that incorporates a successive combination of inline FT-IR spectrometer and online mass spectrometer. Experimental data is collected in real-time and used as feedback for the optimisation algorithms (modified Simplex algorithm and Design of Experiments) without time delay. An efficient approach to handle intricate optimisation problems is presented, where the inline FT-IR measurements are used to monitor the reaction’s main components, whereas the mass spectrometer’s high sensitivity permits insights into the formation of by-products. To demonstrate the platform’s flexibility, optimal reaction conditions of two organic syntheses are identified. Both pose several challenges, as complex reaction mechanisms are involved, leading to a large number of variable parameters, and a considerable amount of by-products is generated under non-ideal process conditions. Through multidimensional real-time optimisation, the platform supersedes labor- and cost-intensive work-up procedures, while diminishing waste generation, too. Thus, it renders production processes more efficient and contributes to their overall sustainability.
Graphical abstract
A Novel Clinically Immersive Pre-doctoral Training Program for Engineering in Surgery and Intervention: Initial Realization and Preliminary Results
Authors: Miga Michael I. , Labadie Robert F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel pre-doctoral program is presented that combines (1) immersive observation in the surgical/interventional theatre and (2) thought-provoking exposition activities focused on answering clinically provocative questions. While the long-term goal is to train engineers to conduct clinical translational research in human systems, in this paper, perceived trainee improvements are assessed in: (1) their ability to pose important questions in surgery and intervention, (2) their knowledge of surgical technologies, and (3) their understanding of procedural medicine. The program combines constructivist and constructionist learning approaches through a dual-course suite consisting of: (1) a scaffold lecture design with ten physicians presenting their procedural specialties interleaved with lectures relating engineering principles, and (2) a second course with clinically mentored immersion experiences in the operating room/interventional suite, clinical conferences, and patient rounds. Details of the complementing technical core and learning environment are also provided. Preliminary data reports on the quantitative experiential clinical involvement and on a self-reported survey over 5 cohorts of trainees (n = 18). With respect to immersion, the average surgeries/interventions observed, number of different types, and clinical contact time per student was on average 15.6 ± 7.9 surgeries/interventions, 8.2 ± 3.6 types, and 48.2 ± 14.7 contact hours, respectively. With respect to trainee understanding of procedural medicine, surgical technologies, and value of clinical observation, an average perceived improvement of 41%, 38%, and 41% over the course series was detected, respectively (p < 0.001). Equally impressive, when rating ability to pose important questions affecting human health, an average perceived improvement of 34% was detected (p < 0.001). The preliminary realization of a novel pre-doctoral clinically immersive training program for engineering trainees is described and demonstrates extensive levels of clinical contact and strong evidence that the provided immersion experiences result in significant improvements in understanding of procedural medicine.
The search for new materials and the role of novel processing routes
Authors: Wellmann Peter J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThroughout human history, most further developments or new achievements were accompanied by new materials or new processes that enabled the technologic progress. With concrete devices and applications in mind, synthesis and subsequent treatment of materials naturally went along with the progress. The aim of the underlying article is to spot the role of optimization, of discovery, of trial-and-error approaches, of fundamentals and curiosity driven design and development. In a consecutive examination, five missions addressing the challenges facing our world (identified by the European Council) will be cross linked with seven topical areas from materials science defined by the European Materials Research Society. The scope of this examination is to identify approaches and methods to further develop and innovate materials which form the basis of the anticipated solutions.
Foreign Investment and Right-to-Work Laws
Authors: Cavallo Paulo , Peinhardt Clint 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the competition between American states for economic development, about half of American states offer lower levels of labor rights in the form of “right-to-work” (RTW) laws. RTW states often tout their advantages in competing for foreign investment, but do foreign companies really want weaker labor regulation? Many foreign firms locate production in the United States not to lower labor costs but for other reasons, such as proximity to consumers or to employ highly skilled workers, implying that differences across labor regulations within rich countries may be declining in importance. In this article, we investigate the relationship between RTW laws and greenfield foreign direct investments. In particular, we explore recent RTW changes across two states, Indiana and Michigan, controlling for national trends in foreign investment. Adopting RTW increases foreign investment in manufacturing in both states, but Michigan's RTW law is associated with gains in service-sector projects even while Indiana's is not. While RTW may attract more manufacturing, it is not enough to generate broad-based gains across the economy.
COVID-19: Protecting Health-Care Workers in South Korea
Authors: Jeon Yujeong , Kim Yeaeun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectives:Health-care workers (HCWs) are vulnerable to the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, and the safety of HCWs is important in situations where a prolonged COVID-19 is expected.Methods:HCWs were recently put in great danger around the globe; as of December 21, there were 306 confirmed cases in HCWs in South Korea, representing 0.60% of the total 50,591 confirmed cases nationally.Results:After experiencing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), South Korea has put a range of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures with long-term perspectives in place, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), HCW’s infection status tracing, visitor control, and a variety of supports from both national and local public health authorities.Conclusions:This article introduces the infection status of HCWs and IPC measures currently taken in South Korea, emphasizing the collaborative and long-term IPC efforts for ensuring the safety of HCWs.
An orthogonality relation for (with an appendix by Bingrong Huang)
Authors: Goldfeld Dorian , Stade Eric , Woodbury Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Orthogonality is a fundamental theme in representation theory and Fourier analysis. An orthogonality relation for characters of finite abelian groups (now recognized as an orthogonality relation on

$\mathrm {GL}(1)$

) was used by Dirichlet to prove infinitely many primes in arithmetic progressions. Orthogonality relations for

$\mathrm {GL}(2)$

and

$\mathrm {GL}(3)$

have been worked on by many researchers with a broad range of applications to number theory. We present here, for the first time, very explicit orthogonality relations for the real group

$\mathrm {GL}(4, \mathbb R)$

with a power savings error term. The proof requires novel techniques in the computation of the geometric side of the Kuznetsov trace formula.
Calibration of a frontal ablation parameterisation applied to Greenland's peripheral calving glaciers
Authors: Recinos Beatriz , Maussion Fabien , Noël Brice , Möller Marco , Marzeion Ben 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe calibrate the calving parameterisation implemented in the Open Global Glacier Model via two methods (velocity constraint and surface mass balance (SMB) constraint) and assess the impact of accounting for frontal ablation on the ice volume estimate of Greenland tidewater peripheral glaciers (PGs). We estimate an average regional frontal ablation flux of 7.38±3.45 Gta−1 after calibrating the model with two different satellite velocity products, and of 0.69±0.49 Gta−1 if the model is constrained using frontal ablation fluxes derived from independent modelled SMB averaged over an equilibrium reference period (1961–90). This second method makes the assumption that most PGs during that time have an equilibrium between mass gain via SMB and mass loss via frontal ablation. This assumption serves as a basis to assess the order of magnitude of dynamic mass loss of glaciers when compared to the SMB imbalance. The differences between results from both methods indicate how strong the dynamic imbalance might have been for PGs during that reference period. Including frontal ablation increases the estimated regional ice volume of PGs, from 14.47 to 14.64±0.12 mm sea level equivalent when using the SMB method and to 15.84±0.32 mm sea level equivalent when using the velocity method.
Online tribunal judgments and the limits of open justice
Authors: Adams Zoe , Adams-Prassl Abi , Adams-Prassl Jeremias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe principle of open justice is a constituent element of the rule of law: it demands publicity of legal proceedings, including the publication of judgments. Since 2017, the UK government has systematically published first instance Employment Tribunal decisions in an online repository. Whilst a veritable treasure trove for researchers and policy makers, the database also has darker potential – from automating blacklisting to creating new and systemic barriers to access to justice. Our scrutiny of existing legal safeguards, from anonymity orders to equality law and data protection, finds a number of gaps, which threaten to make the principle of open justice as embodied in the current publication regime inimical to equal access to justice.
MAHLER’S AND KOKSMA’S CLASSIFICATIONS IN FIELDS OF POWER SERIES
Authors: BELL JASON , BUGEAUD YANN 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLetqa prime power and${\mathbb F}_q$the finite field ofqelements. We study the analogues of Mahler’s and Koksma’s classifications of complex numbers for power series in${\mathbb F}_q((T^{-1}))$. Among other results, we establish that both classifications coincide, thereby answering a question of Ooto.