bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of furnace baking on Q–E behavior of superconducting accelerating cavities
Authors: Ito H , Araki H , Takahashi K , Umemori K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The performance of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities depends on the condition of the niobium surface. Recently, various heat treatment methods have been investigated to achieve an unprecedentedly high quality factor (Q) and high accelerating field (E). We report the influence of a new baking process called furnace baking on the Q–E behavior of 1.3 GHz SRF cavities. Furnace baking is performed as the final step of the cavity surface treatment; the cavities are heated in a vacuum furnace for 3 h, followed by high-pressure rinsing and radio-frequency measurement. This method is simpler and potentially more reliable than previously reported heat treatment methods, and it is therefore easier to apply to the SRF cavities. We find that the quality factor is increased after furnace baking at temperatures ranging from 300 $^\circ$C to 400 $^\circ$C, while a strong decrease in the quality factor at for a high accelerating field is observed after furnace baking at temperatures ranging from 600 $^\circ$C to 800 $^\circ$C. We find significant differences in the surface resistance for various processing temperatures.
¿Mejorando La Raza?: The Political Undertones of Latinos’ Skin Color in the United States
Authors: Ostfeld Mara C , Yadon Nicole D 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe meaning of skin color in America has often been understood in the context of Black–White racial dynamics. However, as the soon-to-be largest ethnoracial group in the United States, Latinos are positioned to reshape the meaning of color and its relationship with many consequential outcomes. Drawing upon a survey that incorporates both the newly validated, interval-level Yadon–Ostfeld Skin Color Scale for human assessments of skin color, as well as more socially objective machine ratings of skin color, we are able to differentiate the physiological and social connotations of skin color. Our findings illustrate that politics are intertwined with how Latinos label their skin color. Latinos who overestimate their lightness (darkness) take less (more) liberal positions on racialized political issues than those who do not. Overall, we illuminate how skin color identification operates as a political statement for many Latinos, as well as how these patterns magnify racialized inequalities in America.
Curcumin relieves the arecoline-induced fibrosis of oral mucosal fibroblasts via inhibiting HIF-1α/TGF-β/CTGF signaling pathway: an in vitro study
Authors: Zhang Lin , Tan Jin , Liu Yi-Ping , Liu Xun , Luo Mang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Oral submacosal fibrosis (OSF) has been recognized as one of the oral potentially malignant disorders. Areca nut chewing is implicated in this pathological fibrosis. The current treatments for OSF have failed to achieve the desired curative effect. Here, we propose that curcumin has excellent therapeutic effect on OSF and explore its specific mechanism. Transwell assay was performed to detected cell migration. Flow cytometry was used to measured apoptosis. And MTT assay was performed to test cell viability. Gene and protein levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. Our results displayed that curcumin treatment reduced fibrosis-related molecules (collagen type I alpha 1, collagen type III alpha 1, tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 2) in arecoline-treated oral mucosal fibroblasts and elevated matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression. Additionally, curcumin could suppress cell proliferation and migration, and enhance the apoptosis of arecoline-treated normal oral mucosal fibroblasts. Most importantly, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expressions in arecoline-treated normal oral mucosal fibroblasts were reduced after exposure to curcumin, whereas the activation of HIF-1α/TGF-β/CTGF axis reversed curcumin’s effect on improving fibrosis of arecoline-treated normal oral mucosal fibroblasts. Therefore, curcumin alleviated oral submucosal fibrosis via inhibiting HIF-1α/TGF-β/CTGF axis. In summary, curcumin effectively inhibited the migration and proliferation and promoted apoptosis in arecoline-induced normal oral mucosal fibroblasts by inactivating HIF-1α/TGF-β/CTGF pathway. And curcumin might be a potential therapeutic drug for OSF treatment.
Use of Telemedicine in Pediatric Orthopaedics Prior to the Pandemic: A Survey of POSNA Members
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Pooya , Meyer Zachary , Vanderhave Kelly , Lovejoy John 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Telemedicine, or telehealth, is broadly defined as the use of technology to deliver health care or health education at distance. Synchronous communication telemedicine, which involves the use of real time audio and video between patient and provider, is a developing field and its use in the pediatric orthopaedic population is not well defined. To better understand the existing use of and challenges posed by telemedicine for pediatric orthopaedic providers, the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) practice management committee conducted a survey of current POSNA members.

Methods:
A 33-question survey was created by the POSNA Practice Management Committee, piloted among committee members and approved by the POSNA Evidence Based Practice Committee. A total of 167 responses were complete (75% complete response rate). Telemedicine use questions referred to the use of synchronous communication telemedicine.

Results:
A total of 50% reported being “moderately” or “not really” familiar with telemedicine. Sixty percent of study participants reported their hospital systems utilize telemedicine; however, only 40% reported utilizing telemedicine in their own practice. Sixty-seven percent indicated interest in telemedicine training. Telemedicine was utilized for a variety of patient pathology and visit types 57% of study participants did not bill for telemedicine services. Sixty-three percent were unaware of their states’ billing rules regarding telemedicine.

Conclusion:
The survey is an attempt to understand the current landscape of telemedicine use within pediatric orthopaedics. Currently, a minority of survey participants utilize synchronous communication telemedicine. There is a desire for telemedicine training and best billing practices education. Further study to evaluate the limitations and efficacy of telemedicine in the pediatric orthopaedic population will be necessary as its use increases.
Synovial Sarcoma of the Hand and Foot
Authors: Patel Riddhi R. , Lupo Philip J. , Bishop Andrew J. , Lin Patrick P. , Delclos George L. , Lazar Alexander J. , Benjamin Robert S. , Araujo Dejka M. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Synovial sarcomas (SS) arising in distal extremities are rare and have been studied using mostly case reports and small series. We aimed to evaluate clinical presentation and survival outcomes for patients with hand or foot SS.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of 84 patients diagnosed with primary hand (n=20) and foot (n=64) SS between 1979 and 2019. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival and metastasis-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox-proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios.

Results:
Of 84 patients, 63 (75%) presented with localized disease with 36 years median age at diagnosis (range: 4 to 76) and 21 (25%) with metastasis with 30 years median age at diagnosis (range: 15 to 64). Among patients presenting with localized disease, (1) 5 years-PFS, OS, local recurrence-free survival, and metastasis-free survival rates were 82%, 88%, 100%, and 86%, respectively. (2) Tumor size <3.0 cm corresponded to 95% 5 years-PFS (vs. 84% for 3.0 to 4.9 cm, 53% for ≥5.0 cm; P=0.007) and 100% 5 years-OS (vs. 77% for ≥3.0 cm; P=0.04). (3) Patients with ≥5.0 cm (vs. <3.0 cm) tumor size had 7.99 (95% confidence interval: 1.68, 37.91) times higher hazard of progression. Remarkably, patients presenting with metastasis had 50% 5 years-OS rate. Also, younger age (15 to 39 vs. 40 y and above) predicted better OS among patients presenting with localized disease (P=0.04) and with metastasis (P=0.03).

Conclusions:
Survival outcomes are favorable for younger patients with <3.0 cm hand or foot SS. Local control is excellent, but we observed larger tumor size to be associated with poorer outcomes. Therefore, we recommend consideration of systemic therapy for patients with ≥3.0 cm hand or foot SS.
Preschool Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Telephone Medication Management at Developmental-Behavioral Pediatric Network Sites
Authors: Harstad Elizabeth , Shults Justine , Barbaresi William , Bax Ami , Cacia Jaclyn , Deavenport-Saman Alexis , Friedman Sandra , LaRosa Angela , Loe Irene , Mittal Shruti , Vanderbilt Douglas , Blum Nathan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To understand developmental-behavioral pediatricians' (DBPs') use of clinic versus telephone encounters for preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication management. Understanding use of telephone encounters for pharmacologic management of ADHD in preschoolers may inform care for children with ADHD.

Methods:
DBP investigators within Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Research Network abstracted data from medical records of 503 children aged younger than 72 months treated for ADHD with medication by a DBP clinician between January 1, 2013, and July 1, 2017, across 7 sites. We abstracted data about medication treatment episodes (defined as start and end/change of a specific type, dose, and frequency of ADHD medication) and encounter type (clinic vs telephone). We present descriptive statistics related to encounter types and χ2 analyses to compare frequencies across reasons for the end of treatment episode and across sites.

Results:
The study included 503 participants with a total of 1734 treatment episodes. The initial medication was started via a clinic encounter 85.9% of the time and via telephone encounters 14.1% of the time. When evaluating reasons for end of treatment episode, decreases in dose/frequency of medication were less common for clinic versus telephone encounters (27% vs 73%; p < 0.001) and adding an additional medication was more common at clinic versus telephone encounters (64% vs 36% p < 0.001). Sites varied significantly in frequency of telephone encounters, ranging from 16.9% to 68.9% (mean 45.7%).

Conclusion:
Telephone encounters were used for pharmacologic management of ADHD in preschoolers to varying degrees across 7 DBP sites. These findings suggest that telephone management serves an important role in ADHD care.
Comparison Between Cyanoacrylate Embolization and Radiofrequency Ablation for Superficial Venous Incompetence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Mingyi , Mou Shuangmeng , Dai Gengwu , Hu Jinliang 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND
Chronic venous disease is a debilitating condition involving great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of cyanoacrylate embolization (CAE) versus radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with incompetent GSVs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched. The primary outcomes were the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ), closure rate, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain.

RESULTS
This meta-analysis included 378 and 590 patients who underwent CAE and RFA, respectively. Cyanoacrylate embolization was comparable with RFA in VCSS (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −0.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.18 to 0.12, p = .686), AVVQ (WMD = −0.08, 95% CI: −0.38 to 0.21, p = .570), closure rate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.18–2.01, p = .414), and VAS (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.24, 95% CI: −0.59 to 1.06, p = .523). There were no significant differences between CAE and RFA regarding the occurrence of phlebitis (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.70–2.13, p = .479) and pigmentation (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.18–1.31, p = .153), but CAE had a lower risk of ecchymosis (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.25–0.81, p = .007) and paresthesia (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.03–0.99, p = .049).

CONCLUSION
Cyanoacrylate embolization and RFA demonstrated no significant differences in VCSS, AVVQ, closure rate, and pain score for patients with incompetent GSVs. Patients in the CAE group had a lower risk of ecchymosis and paresthesia compared with the RFA group.
Evaluation of Public Interest in Mohs Surgery and Other Elective Surgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ratushny Vladimir , Moore Kevin , Do Daihung 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND
The reallocation of health care resources to focus on the acute care needs of COVID-19 patients leads to a delay and deferral of outpatient surgical procedures such as Mohs surgery.

OBJECTIVE
Planning for the resumption of regular outpatient surgical care and preparing for future surges in COVID-19 cases requires identifying surrogate markers of health care demand.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
United States national and state-based Google search data for “Mohs surgery” and other common elective surgical and cosmetic procedures were evaluated. These were compared with national and state-wide COVID-19 case number and death data from the Johns Hopkins University. Pearson correlation coefficients were generated to assess the association between COVID-19 cases and deaths with Google search trends.

RESULTS
Search volume for “Mohs surgery” and other elective surgical and cosmetic procedures significantly decreased as the number of new deaths from COVID-19 increased. Statistically significant inverse correlation was noted between “Mohs surgery” search volume and new COVID-19 deaths on a national and state-based level.

CONCLUSION
Search metric analysis may be used as part of a big data model to help predict health care demand during the reopening phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Long Noncoding RNA Small Nuclear RNA Host Gene 7 Knockdown Protects Mouse Cardiac Fibroblasts Against Myocardial Infarction by Regulating miR-455-3p/Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Axis
Authors: Peng Qingkui , Li Ling , Bi Xiuping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of heart failure all over the world. Long noncoding RNAs have been reported to be associated with the development of MI. In this article, we aimed to explore the effects of long noncoding RNA small nuclear RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) on MI and the possible mechanism. In this study, an MI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of mice. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) derived from neonatal mice were activated by angiotensin II (Ang-II) treatment. The expression of SNHG7 and miR-455-3p was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels of platelet-activating factor receptor (PTAFR) and fibrosis-related proteins were analyzed by western blot assay. Cell apoptosis of CFs was monitored by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to evaluate inflammatory responses in CFs. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the target relationship between miR-455-3p and SNHG7 or PTAFR. LncRNA SNHG7 and PTAFR were upregulated, whereas miR-455-3p was downregulated in cardiac tissues of mice with MI and Ang-II-induced CFs. SNHG7 depletion or miR-455-3p overexpression attenuated Ang-II-induced apoptosis, fibrosis, and inflammation in CFs, which was severally weakened by miR-455-3p inhibition or PTAFR upregulation. LncRNA SNHG7 targeted miR-455-3p, and PTAFR was a target of miR-455-3p. LncRNA SNHG7 depletion exerted protective roles in apoptosis, fibrosis, and inflammation in Ang-II-induced CFs by regulating miR-455-3p/PTAFR axis, providing a potential molecular target for MI therapy.
Endocan: a new marker of endothelial function
Authors: Balta Sevket , Balta Ilknur , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
To consider the role of endocan as an inflammatory marker in cardiovascular diseases.

Recent findings
Endocan, an endothelial inflammatory marker, is associated with cardiovascular disease.

Summary
Vascular endothelial inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases by influencing thrombogenesis, tumour invasion and secretion of bioactive mediators. We discuss the role of endocan mainly in the context of cardiology.
Scientific mapping of the research output on hypertension in children and adolescents, 2010–2018
Authors: Abad-García María-Francisca , González-Teruel Aurora , Bolaños-Pizarro Máxima , Lurbe I. Ferrer Empar 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The area of pediatric hypertension (HTN) research has seen substantial progress over the last two decades, but no bibliometric analysis has yet been undertaken to describe these advances. This study aims to describe the published research examining HTN in children and adolescents from 2000 to 2018.

Methods:
Articles were retrieved using PubMed and the Web of Science. Analyses were performed to quantify the evolution of scientific output, identifying the leading journals, authors, and countries as well as the existing collaboration networks. Likewise, we identified the most cited articles, describing their document type, main topic focus, and the age of the patients studied.

Results:
In total, we identified 8317 articles in the Web of Science. The annual number of publications doubled over the study period. Articles were published in 1415 journals, mainly in the categories of Peripheral & Vascular Diseases and Pediatrics. The USA dominated scientific production in the field. Regarding researcher productivity, the top 202 authors participated in 20% of the articles, and there were 47 stable research clusters, with the largest component made up of 17 authors. Altogether, there were 145 most cited articles, with an irregular annual distribution; about half focus on HTN itself, while the rest study associated disorders and conditions.

Conclusion:
This is the first study to analyze scientific output on HTN in children and adolescents. The snapshot that emerges is of a research area that is growing but is still in a relatively early phase of development.
Safety of phakic intraocular collamer lens implantation in 95 highly myopic special-needs children
Authors: Reynolds Margaret , Hoekel James , Tychsen Lawrence 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
To assess the safety of intraocular collamer lens (ICL) implantation in children with high ametropia by reporting rates and case specifics of perioperative and longer-term adverse events (AEs).

Setting:
St. Louis Children's Hospital at Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
Clinical data were collated retrospectively for 95 special-needs children (160 eyes) implanted with a Visian ICL over the past 5 years. All surgeries were performed at St Louis Children's Hospital under brief general anesthesia. The mean follow-up period was 2.0 ± 1.4 years (range, 0.5 to 5.2).

Results:
The mean age at implantation was 9.3 ± 5.2 years (range, 1.8 to 25) and mean preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error was −11.20 ± 3.90 diopters (range, 4 to 22). 62 children (62/95, 65%) had a neurodevelopmental disorder. 3 eyes (3/160, 2%) reported minor AE, consisting of steroid-response ocular hypertension, which resolved with cessation of topical steroid drops. Endothelial cell loss averaged 8.1% over 2 years, comparable with that reported in ICL-implanted adults. The most common major AE (7 eyes [7/160, 4%]) was postoperative pupillary block, requiring revision of the peripheral iridotomy. 1 child (1 eye [1/160, 0.6%]) with self-injurious behavior required repair of a wound leak. 1 child (1 eye [1/160, 0.6%]) with Down syndrome developed a cataract 2.8 years after ICL surgery, and 1 child (1 eye [1/160, 0.6%]) with severe autism spectrum disorder experienced traumatic retinal detachment 1.2 years after implantation.

Conclusions:
The most common major AE among the cohort with Visian ICL was pupillary block due to closure of the iridotomy. Overall, the AE rate was low in this higher risk, difficult-to-manage population of special-needs children.
Perceived Discrimination and Symptoms of Cognitive Dysfuntion Among Middle-Age and Older Persons Living With HIV in China: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study of the Mediating Role of Mental Health Symptoms and Social Isolation
Authors: Han Shuyu , Hu Yan , Wang Lina , Pei Yaolin , Zhu Zheng , Qi Xiang , Wu Bei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Perceived discrimination is associated with symptoms of cognitive dysfunction (SOCD) among middle-age and older persons living with HIV (PLWH). We aimed to explore how the association between perceived discrimination and SOCD was mediated by mental health symptoms and social isolation. The sample included 321 PLWH, ages 45 years and older, for a multicenter cross-sectional study. Structural equation modeling showed an acceptable model fit and a significant total indirect effect between perceived discrimination and SOCD. All three indirect effect pathways were significant, suggesting that perceived discrimination could influence SOCD through mental health symptoms, through social isolation, or through mental health symptoms and then social isolation. Our study demonstrates that perceived discrimination is a concern for the management of cognitive function among middle-age and older PLWH. Both mental health symptoms and social isolation are critical elements in the design and evaluation of interventions for promoting cognitive health.
The mechanical support of cardiogenic shock
Authors: Rob Daniel , Bělohlávek Jan 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Cardiogenic shock (CS) therapy involving catecholamines, inotropes, fluids and revascularization is often insufficient, and short-term mortality remains 50%. Different treatment algorithms and mechanical circulatory support devices (MCS) have been increasingly used in the treatment of CS. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major challenge faced by intensive care medicine providers inevitably influencing also CS management.

Recent findings
There is a lack of prospective data as well as international consensus regarding CS classification, patient risk stratification, and MCS use. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is considered the first line MCS in refractory CS and Impella the MCS of choice for the left ventricle unloading. Several ongoing randomized trials will provide much-needed evidence for MCS use in the coming years. COVID-19 infection is associated with several cardiovascular disorders complicated by CS and more data regarding the prevalence and mortality of CS during COVID-19 infection are needed.

Summary
This review summarizes current trends in the use of MCS in CS and discusses differences in CS management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Careful patient selection, early MCS initiation, and comprehensive intensive care by experienced team is key to successful outcome in patients with refractory CS.