bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration of enablers for hepatitis B clinical management among ethnic Chinese in Australia
Authors: Xiao Yinzong , Wallace Jack , Thompson Alex , Hellard Margaret , van Gemert Caroline , Holmes Jacinta A , Croagh Catherine , Richmond Jacqui , Papaluca Tim , Hall Samuel , Hong Thai , Demediuk Barbara , Iser David , Ryan Marno , Desmond Paul , Visvanathan Kumar , Howell Jess 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn estimated 18% of people living with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Australia were born in China. While guideline‐based care, including regular clinical monitoring and timely treatment, prevent CHB‐related cirrhosis, cancer and deaths, over three‐quarters of people with CHB do not receive guideline‐based care in Australia. This qualitative study aimed to identify enablers to engagement in CHB clinical management among ethnic Chinese people attending specialist care. Participants self‐identified as of Chinese ethnicity and who attended specialist care for CHB clinical management were interviewed in Melbourne in 2019 (n = 30). Semi‐structured interviews covered experiences of diagnosis and engagement in clinical management services, and advice for people living with CHB. Interviews were recorded with consent; data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Receiving clear information about the availability of treatment and/or the necessity of long‐term clinical management were the main enablers for participants to engage in CHB clinical management. Additional enablers identified to maintain regular clinical monitoring included understanding CHB increases risks of cirrhosis and liver cancer, using viral load indicators to visualize disease status in patient‐doctor communication; expectations from family, peer group and medical professionals; use of a patient recall system; availability of interpreters or multilingual doctors; and largely subsidized healthcare services. In conclusion, to support people attending clinical management for CHB, a holistic response from community, healthcare providers and the public health sector is required. There are needs for public health programmes directed to communicate (i) CHB‐related complications; (ii) availability of effective and cheap treatment; and that (iii) long‐term engagement with clinical management and its benefits.
Amino acids dominate diffusive nitrogen fluxes across soil depths in acidic tussock tundra
Authors: Homyak Peter M. , Slessarev Eric W. , Hagerty Shannon , Greene Aral C. , Marchus Kenneth , Dowdy Kelsey , Iverson Sadie , Schimel Joshua P. 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Organic nitrogen (N) is abundant in soils, but early conceptual frameworks considered it nonessential for plant growth. It is now well recognised that plants have the potential to take up organic N. However, it is still unclear whether plants supplement their N requirements by taking up organic N in situ: at what rate is organic N diffusing towards roots and are plants taking it up?

We combined microdialysis with live‐root uptake experiments to measure amino acid speciation and diffusion rates towards roots of Eriophorum vaginatum.

Amino acid diffusion rates (321 ng N cm−2 h−1) were c. 3× higher than those for inorganic N. Positively charged amino acids made up 68% of the N diffusing through soils compared with neutral and negatively charged amino acids. Live‐root uptake experiments confirmed that amino acids are taken up by plants (up to 1 µg N g−1 min−1 potential net uptake).

Amino acids must be considered when forecasting plant‐available N, especially when they dominate the N supply, and when acidity favours proteolysis over net N mineralisation. Determining amino acid production pathways and supply rates will become increasingly important in projecting the extent and consequences of shrub expansion, especially considering the higher C : N ratio of plants relative to soil.
Risk of acute and chronic coronary syndrome in a population with periodontitis: A cohort study
Authors: Gwon Jun Gyo , Choi Jimi , Kim Seung‐Hyun , Kim Soo‐Ho , Ryu Jae‐Jun , Cho Dong‐Hyuk , Song In‐Seok 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role of periodontitis in the risk of acute and chronic coronary syndrome with compounding factors, including sociodemographic factors and medication use.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used nationwide, population‐based data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Health Screening Cohort database (514,866 individuals, 40–79 years). Propensity score matching was used for analysis. Information of subjects for 12 years was included. Socioeconomic and clinical factors were recorded and analysed.ResultsThe periodontitis group had a greater risk of overall acute coronary syndrome (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] =1.25 [1.15, 1.35], p < .001) and non‐fatal acute coronary syndrome (1.26 [1.16, 1.37], p < .001). The hazard ratio for chronic coronary syndrome was higher in patients with periodontitis (1.35 [1.25, 1.46], p < .001). The cumulative incidence of both acute and chronic coronary syndrome gradually increased, and the hazard ratios reached 1.25 and 1.35 at the 12‐year follow‐up, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that periodontitis had a significantly greater link with acute coronary syndrome incidence in males, younger adults, smokers and subjects without hypertension (p < .01) and with chronic coronary syndrome incidence in smokers, subjects without hypertension and subjects without dyslipidaemia (p < .05).ConclusionsPeriodontitis is associated with an increased risk of acute and chronic coronary syndrome.
Primary hyperhidrosis in children: A review of therapeutics
Authors: Remington Courtney , Ruth Jennifer , Hebert Adelaide A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrimary hyperhidrosis, an idiopathic disease that commonly affects the palms, soles, axillae, or craniofacial region, is characterized by perspiration in excess of what is required for physiologic cooling. This disease begins in childhood or adolescence and negatively impacts emotional, physical, and psychologic well‐being. This review explores current therapeutic options for primary hyperhidrosis in the pediatric population, including topical therapies, oral therapies, non‐surgical and procedural interventions, and adjunctive therapies. In addition, this review identifies new and emerging treatments and highlights the need for further research and therapeutic options for this impactful disease.
The long and winding road to the etiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children: Focusing on abnormalities in the gut microbiota
Authors: Tsuji Shoji , Kaneko Kazunari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChildhood nephrotic syndrome is idiopathic in 90% of cases. Despite its relatively high prevalence (30–35 per 100 000 individuals under 15 years old), the etiology of the disease remains elusive. It has become clear that oxidants are elevated, and antioxidants are decreased, at onset of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). It was suggested that overexpression of podocyte CD80 induced by abnormalities of Tregs was involved in the pathogenesis of INS. Subsequently, it became clear that quantitative or qualitative reduction of Tregs has a profound impact on the development of INS. To address why Tregs are decreased at onset of INS, it was hypothesized that a decrease in Tregs may be associated with dysbiosis. Given the critical role of butyrate‐producing bacteria in the differentiation of Tregs, the gut microbiota was analyzed with a particular focus on the abundance of butyrate‐producing bacteria, and it was found that pediatric patients with INS had low levels of butyrate in their stool and a low percentage of butyrate‐producing bacteria. Interestingly, it was recently reported that gut dysbiosis increases oxidative stress in the intestinal tract. Taken together, we currently hypothesize that gut dysbiosis is associated with a predisposition to INS because of immunological abnormalities characterized by abnormal Tregs with increased oxidative stress.
Taurine Chloramine and Hydrogen Peroxide as a Potential Source of Singlet Oxygen for Topical Application
Authors: Ximenes Valdecir F. , Ximenes Thomaz P. , Morgon Nelson H. , de Souza Aguinaldo R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSinglet oxygen (1O2) is the “active principle” in photodynamic therapy. Taurine chloramine (Tau‐NHCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are well‐tolerated and widely used antiseptics. Due to its mild oxidizing features and stability, Tau‐NHCl can be directly used to treat skin diseases. We found that a diluted aqueous mixture of Tau‐NHCl and H2O2 acts as a slow and long‐lasting potential source of 1O2. The reactions were studied by luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence. Evidence of the formation of 1O2 was obtained using deuterium oxide, sodium azide and 9,10‐Anthracenediyl‐bis(methylene)dimalonic acid, a chemical trap of 1O2. The reaction was optimized, and a mechanism was proposed, including theoretical calculations at B3LYP/6‐311++G(3df,2p) level of theory, adding D3Bj empirical dispersion and SMD (Water) solvent effects. Chloramines produced by the reactions between HOCl and L‐alanine, 3‐amino‐1‐propanesulfonic acid and gamma‐aminobutyric acid were also prepared, and their reactivity and stability were compared with Tau‐NHCl. We found that Tau‐NHCl is more stable and adequate for the production of 1O2. In conclusion, we propose applying these drugs combination as a potential source of 1O2 with applications for skin diseases treatment.
Integrated transcriptomics and metabolites at different growth stages reveals the regulation mechanism of bolting and flowering of Angelicasinensis
Authors: Li J. , Li M.L. , Zhu T.T. , Zhang X.N. , Li M.F. , Wei J.H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The root of Angelica sinensis is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicines. In commercial planting, early bolting and flowering (EBF) of ca. 40% of 2‐year‐old plants reduces root yield and quality. Although changes in physiology in bolted plants have been investigated, the mechanism activating EBF has not been identified.

Here, transcriptomics profiles at four different growth stages (S1 to S4) were performed, gene expression was validated by qRT‐PCR and the accumulation of endogenous hormones quantified by HPLC.

A total of 60,282 unigenes were generated, with 2,282, 1,359 and 2,246 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) observed at S2 versus S1, S3 versus S2 and S4 versus S3, respectively; 558 genes that co‐exist in at least three stages from S1 to S4 were obtained. Functional annotation classified 38 DEGs linked to flowering pathways: photoperiodism, hormone signalling, carbohydrate metabolism and floral development. The levels of gene expression, hormones (GA1, GA4 and IAA) and soluble sugars were consistent with the EBF.

It can be concluded that the EBF of A. sinensis is controlled by multiple genes. This integrated analysis of transcriptomics, together with targeted hormones and soluble sugars, provides new insights into the regulation of EBF of A. sinensis.
Effects of antihypertensive medication and high‐intensity interval training in hypertensive metabolic syndrome individuals
Authors: Ramirez‐Jimenez Miguel , Morales‐Palomo Felix , Moreno‐Cabañas Alfonso , Alvarez‐Jimenez Laura , Ortega Juan F. , Mora‐Rodriguez Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological therapies are simultaneously prescribed when treating hypertensive individuals with elevated cardiovascular risk (ie, metabolic syndrome individuals). However, it is unknown if the interactions between antihypertensive medication (AHM) and lifestyle interventions (ie, exercise training) may result in a better ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) control. To test this hypothesis, 36 hypertensive individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) under long‐term prescription with AHM targeting the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) were recruited. Before and after 4 months of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT), participants completed two trials in a double‐blind, randomized order: (a) placebo trial consisting of AHM withdrawal for 3 days and (b) AHM trial where individuals held their habitual dose of AHM. In each trial, 24‐h mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored and considered the primary study outcome. Secondary outcomes included plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration to confirm withdrawal effects on RAAS, along with the analysis of urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) to assess kidney function. The results showed main effects from AHM and HIIT reducing 24‐h MAP (−5.7 mmHg, p < 0.001 and −2.3 mmHg, p = 0.007, respectively). However, there was not interaction between AHM and HIIT on 24‐h MAP (p = 0.240). There was a main effect of AHM increasing PRA (p < 0.001) but no effect on plasma aldosterone concentration (p = 0.368). HIIT did not significantly improve RAAS hormones or the UACR. In conclusion, AHM and HIIT have independent and additive effects in lowering ABP. These findings support the combination of habitual AHM with exercise training with the goal to reduce ABP in hypertensive MetS individuals.
A novel UV‐fluorescence approach to assess the long wear efficacy of foundations
Authors: Messaraa Cyril , Walsh Melissa , Hurley Sarah , Robertson Nicola , O'Connor Carla , Doyle Leah , Mansfield Anna , McNamee Deirdre 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe long wear properties of foundations are regarded as a must‐have in terms of claims. Here, we propose an instrumental approach based on UV‐fluorescence imaging as an alternative to clinical grading methods.MethodsA method was developed, with UV‐fluorescence images captured with the Visia CR as a first step, followed by images analysis using Image‐Pro plus. Repeated‐measures correlation was used to assess the degree of association between the UV‐fluorescence method and a grading method when removing the foundation incrementally from the skin using wipes. Thresholds to ascertain whether a foundation pass or fail long‐wearing using the newly developed method were established using a mixed linear model and cross‐validated using two subsets of a panel of 20 women.ResultsThe method could measure incremental removal of foundation using wipes, in a similar fashion to a grading method, as outlined with repeated measures correlation (r = −.86). Pass/fail thresholds established with the mixed linear model were tested versus the grading method when assessing a foundation under real conditions for a duration over 24 hours, with minimal discrepancies between the two methods.ConclusionBy capitalising on foundation physical/chemical properties, the proposed method allows to assess their long wear properties, irrespective of basal skin tone or foundation shade. It offers the advantage of appealing visuals for efficacy and to be less resource intensive than a clinical grading approach.
“Nos convidamos solos en un cuento que no era nuestro”: encuentros con niños investigadores
Authors: Ruiz-Morales Maicol Mauricio 
Published: March 2021

Este artículo describe etnográficamente una experiencia de creación escolar rural desarrollada por el semillero de investigación Gallitos de Roca. El propósito es mostrar cómo dicha experiencia intenta realizar su valor potencial, participando del Proceso de Apropiación Patrimonial del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero y generando sus propias maneras de entender el sentido y el valor de ser estudiante competente, en un contexto de crisis y revalorización de la caficultura de montaña colombiana.
Integration Infrastructure for a Simulation-Based Design Environment
Authors: Tsai Chung-Shin , Chang Kuang-Hua , Wang Jia-Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the integration infrastructure for a simulation-based design (SBD) environment for mechanical system design developed at Center for Computer-Aided Design at the University of Iowa is presented. The SBD environment comprises the integration infrastructure and workspaces/tools that exploit Computer Aided Design (CAD)/Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) and software engineering technologies in support of design of large scale mechanical systems. The principal functional components of the SBD environment are engineering workspaces and CAD/CAE tools that bring engineers, servicemen, and customers early in the product development process to assess design of the product concurrently. The infrastructure is based on the newly invented engineering views that allow engineers from various disciplines to view the product with their own perspectives. The infrastructure allows engineers to create CAD and simulation models of the mechanical system, access engineering workspaces and CAD/CAE tools to perform multidisciplinary engineering analyses, use planning tools to create and manage simulation processes, communicate and exchange engineering data, and conduct design trade-off analyses and make informed decisions to yield a robust optimum design. The presentation given in this paper assumes that simulation-based design activities are performed in the product detailed design stage. The environment is being extended to support concept design.
A Math-Data Environment to Improve Vehicle Creation
Authors: Bowler Lauren L. , Rohde Steve M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the hard work of many people at GM and their efforts in creating a math-data environment to support the vehicle creation process. It first channels these efforts in the context of a changing business environment. The importance of the linkage of technology and infrastructure to process are discussed together with the components of a “vehicle creation capability”. The changing requirements on contemporary information systems to support modern product development paradigms such as concurrent engineering are highlighted. Through a sequence of examples, the linkages of business and technical information and tools are illustrated. Finally, some issues related to the development and implementation of a common system in a large organization are described.
A Volume-Based Geometric Reasoning Approach for Diecastability Evaluation
Authors: Lu S. C. , Rebello A. B. , Miller R. A. , Kinzel G. L. , Yagel R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Because of the nature of the die casting process, the part geometry severely restricts the die geometry and hence affects the quality of the part. However, as is often the case in other manufacturing processes, diecastings are currently designed purely based on their function. The manufacturability of the diecastings is not considered until the design has been nearly completed and detailed. This is due to the design support limitations of current CAE tools. In this paper, we present a new volume-based approach to support diecastability evaluation, especially in preliminary design. Our approach can be applied to arbitrarily shaped parts without pre-defined feature libraries. The focus is on the identification of geometric characteristics, e.g. heavy mass regions, that could be responsible for thermal-related part defects. A distance transform with city-block metric is used to extract this geometric property. Volume visualization techniques are also adopted to allow users to visualize the results in a clear and precise way.
Automatic Generation of Parting Surfaces and Mold Halves
Authors: Serrar Mouhsine , Gabriele Gary A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The design of mold halves is crucial to the manufacturability of molded parts. Unfortunately, the modeling of mold halves in current CAD systems is a tedious task. For this reason, designers prefer to rely on their visualization capabilities rather than modeling the mold halves. Relying on visualization hinder designers creativity and is a source of mistakes. Our goal to automate the generation of mold halves in solid model-based CAD systems. The method we developed is based on the generation of a parting surface and the use of standard solid modeling tools. Beside resolving the visualization problem, generation of mold halves models will benefit downstream activities such as mold manufacturing, rapid-prototyping, and finite-element analysis. We believe that the automation of mold halves generation is an essential part of design for manufacturability.
H- Versus P-Version FEM for Shell Analysis
Authors: Fish Jacob , Guttal Ravi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Research efforts aimed at optimizing the computational efficiency of the p-method are described. These include (i) a novel quadrature scheme for hierarchical shell elements, (ii) a family of assumed strain hierarchical shell elements, (iii) selective polynomial order escalation for assumed strain elements, and (iv) accelerated multi-grid-like solution procedures. Numerical experiments indicate that with these enhancements it is possible to speed up the overall computational time of p-method for analysis of shells by a factor greater than three for relatively small problems (less than 10,000 degrees of freedom), while computational savings for larger problems are even more significant. It has been found that the performance of the enhanced variant of the p-method for shells is comparable to that of the h-method for low accuracy requirements, and better if higher accuracies are desired.
An Effective Adaptive Procedure in Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Almeida C. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A methodology initially proposed for authomatic mesh generation of triangular and quadrilateral finite element discretizations in linear two-dimension problems is now extended to material nonlinear analysis. The technique, which is based on a h-adaptive process, is capable of achieving a specified discretization density using a powerful mesh generator. The element solutions at the nodes are obtained through a general stress recovery procedure employing an a posteriori error estimator. The constitutive equation is approached in the formulation using a flow theory to describe the elasto-plastic material behavior. In this study the von Mises condition is employed for the state of multiaxial stress corresponding to the start of plastic flow, the normality condition furnishes a flow rule in the plastic strain increments subsequent to yielding and the kinematic hardening is assumed as hardening rule. The adaptive procedure is based on the complete mesh regeneration and specific mesh requirements (boundary conditions, geometry definitions and space node function), and aims for an optimality condition with the least number of elements that yields an uniform error distribution in all elements. In the stress recovery process the nodal values are assumed to belong to a polinomial expansion defined over patches of elements adjoining a particular assembly node considered. The nodal point parameters, at each element, are obtained using a least square fit of superconvergent sampling points existing in the patch. The material uniaxial elasto-plastic constitutive behavior is represented using overlays, defined over small strain increments, allowing for the representation of the material kinematic hardening behavior beyond the classical bilinear relation. The procedure error estimation is obtained from differences between the post-processed stress gradients and those from the finite element solutions. The energy error norm associated with stress field diferences and the finite element strain energy gives an effective error estimate, used for comparison with the process tolerance. Evaluation of the proposed technique is presented through two numerical sampling analyses that illustrate its applicability in the improvement of the solution accurance of general two-dimension finite element model solutions.