bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colour stability of wood coatings pigmented with natural indigo from Isatis tinctoria after accelerated weathering
Authors: Jordan Juha , Helander Roosa , Laaksonen Päivi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn experimental study of artificial weathering of two outdoor coatings pigmented with natural indigo from Isatis tinctoria was carried out. The two coatings, natural indigo‐pigmented boat varnish and outdoor paint, were exposed to cycles of ultraviolet light, water condensation and water spray for 40 days in a QUV test chamber. Synthetic indigo and commercial ultramarine pigment were employed as reference materials. The effects of artificial weathering on the coatings were evaluated with CIELab parameters, as well as visual inspection. Coating and pigment stability during artificial weathering were studied with reflectance spectrometry, hyperspectral imaging technology and Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy. According to the results, coatings with indigo proved to be more resistant to visual and spectral changes than unpigmented or commercially pigmented coatings.
The use of mice in diabetes research: The impact of physiological characteristics, choice of model and husbandry practices
Authors: Daniels Gatward Lydia F. , Kennard Matilda R. , Smith Lorna I. F. , King Aileen J. F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is characterised by hyperglycaemia, which results from an absolute or relative lack of insulin. Chronic and acute hyperglycaemia are associated with a range of health complications and an overall increased risk of mortality. Mouse models are vital in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease and its complications, as well as for developing new diabetes therapeutics. However, for experimental questions to be suitably tested, it is critical that factors inherent to the animal model are considered, as these can have profound impacts on experimental outcome, data reproducibility and robustness. In this review, we discuss key considerations relating to model choice, physiological characteristics (such as age, sex and genetic background) and husbandry practices and explore the impact of these on common experimental readouts used in preclinical diabetes research.
Hyperglycaemia‐induced human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell proliferation through ROS‐mediated P38 activation is effectively inhibited by a xanthophyll carotenoid, lutein
Authors: Maradagi Tehreem , Kumar Ravi , Ponesakki Ganesan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsDiabetic population have a twofold to threefold increased risk of developing liver cancer, and hyperglycaemia is a prime causative factor that propends the tumour cells to undergo aggressive metabolic growth. In this study, we aimed to examine the molecular mechanism by which lutein inhibits hyperglycaemia‐induced human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell proliferation.MethodsThe effect of lutein on high glucose‐induced proliferation was measured using the WST‐1 reagent. Its effect on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was measured by DCF assay. The effect on the expression of antioxidant enzymes, cell cycle regulatory proteins and intracellular protein kinases was analysed by western blotting. The modulatory effect of lutein on different phases of the cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry.ResultsThe data showed that lutein at 5 µM concentration significantly blocked glucose‐promoted HepG2 cell proliferation. Suppression of high glucose‐induced cell proliferation by lutein was not associated with apoptosis induction, but it was linked with inhibition of hyperglycaemia‐mediated elevated ROS and upregulated expression of high glucose‐mediated repressed heme oxygenase 1 (HO1). Furthermore, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and associated phosphorylation of Cdk1 and P53 were found to be linked with suppressed hyperglycaemia‐mediated cell proliferation by lutein. In addition, lutein inhibited hyperglycaemia‐induced activation of P38 which relates to high glucose‐induced ROS‐mediated growth suppression and modulated the phosphorylation of Erk, JNK and Akt in hyperglycaemic HepG2 cells.ConclusionOur findings portray that sufficient intake of lutein may offer a negative impact on diabetes‐associated tumour growth.
Effects of short‐acting exenatide added three times daily to insulin therapy on bone metabolism in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Johansen Nicklas J. , Dejgaard Thomas F. , Lund Asger , Schlüntz Camilla , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J. , Vilsbøll Tina , Andersen Henrik U. , Knop Filip K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of the short‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, exenatide, added to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers.Materials and MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blinded, parallel‐group trial, 108 individuals with type 1 diabetes aged 18 years or older on basal‐bolus therapy with HbA1c 59‐88 mmol/mol (7.5%‐10.0%) and body mass index of more than 22.0 kg/m2 were randomized (1:1) to preprandial subcutaneous injection of 10 μg exenatide (Byetta) before breakfast, lunch, and dinner over 26 weeks as add‐on treatment to insulin therapy.ResultsExenatide elicited a body weight reduction of 4.4 kg compared with placebo, but no between‐group differences in bone mineral density, as assessed by whole‐body, hip, lumbar, and forearm dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry following 26 weeks of treatment, were observed. Fasting plasma levels of C‐terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, a marker of bone resorption, and amino‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, a marker of bone formation, were unchanged by exenatide compared with placebo after 26 weeks.ConclusionsDespite an exenatide‐induced body weight reduction, no changes in bone metabolism were observed with exenatide added to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes after 26 weeks.
City health departments, public health expenditures, and urban mortality over 1910–1940
Authors: Hoehn‐Velasco Lauren , Wrigley‐Field Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the early twentieth century, urban centers adopted full‐time public health departments. We show that opening full‐time administration had little observable impact on mortality. We then attempt to determine why health departments were ineffective. Our results suggest that achievements in public health occurred regardless of health department status. Further, we find that cities with and without a full‐time health department allocated similar per capita expenditures towards health administration. This health department funding also better predicts infant mortality declines. Our conclusions indicate that specific campaigns, public health systems, and funding may have been more meaningful for local health over this era.
Status for the good guys: An experiment on charitable giving
Authors: Dannenberg Astrid , Johansson‐Stenman Olof , Wetzel Heike 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the social status motive in an experiment at an art‐house cinema in Germany where movie‐goers can make monetary contributions to help the cinema become climate neutral. Our key result is that offering high contributors a “social status gift” that displays their good deed increases both the likelihood of a high contribution and mean contributions. It performs significantly better than previously studied mechanisms, such as the removal of anonymity, the provision of a reference point, or a neutral thank‐you gift, and it also performs better than offering high contributors publicity through social media.
Surface values, volumetric measurements and radiomics of structural MRI for the diagnosis and subtyping of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Shi Liting , Liu Xuechun , Wu Keqing , Sun Kui , Lin Chunsen , Li Zhengmei , Zhao Shuying , Fan Xiuqin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed subjectively based on an individual's behaviour and performance. The clinical community has no objective biomarker to inform the diagnosis and subtyping of ADHD. This study aimed to explore the potential diagnostic biomarkers of ADHD among surface values, volumetric metrics and radiomic features that were extracted from structural MRI images. Public data of New York University and Peking University were downloaded from the ADHD‐200 Consortium. MRI T1‐weighted images were pre‐processed using CAT12. We calculated surface values based on the Desikan–Killiany atlas. The volumetric metrics (mean grey matter volume and mean white matter volume) and radiomic features within each automated anatomical labelling (AAL) brain area were calculated using DPABI and IBEX, respectively. The differences among three groups of participants were tested using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test depending on the normality of the data. We selected discriminative features and classified typically developing controls (TDCs) and ADHD patients as well as two ADHD subtypes using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and support vector machine algorithms. Our results showed that the radiomics‐based model outperformed the others in discriminating ADHD from TDC and classifying ADHD subtypes (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.78 and 0.94 in training test; 0.79 and 0.85 in testing set). Combining grey matter volumes, surface values and clinical factors with radiomic features can improve the performance for classifying ADHD patients and TDCs with training and testing AUCs of 0.82 and 0.83, respectively. This study demonstrates that MRI T1‐weighted features, especially radiomic features, are potential diagnostic biomarkers of ADHD.
The kinship matrix: inferring the kinship structure of a population from its demography
Authors: Coste Christophe F. D. , Bienvenu François , Ronget Victor , Ramirez‐Loza Juan‐Pablo , Cubaynes Sarah , Pavard Samuel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe familial structure of a population and the relatedness of its individuals are determined by its demography. There is, however, no general method to infer kinship directly from the life cycle of a structured population. Yet, this question is central to fields such as ecology, evolution and conservation, especially in contexts where there is a strong interdependence between familial structure and population dynamics. Here, we give a general formula to compute, from any matrix population model, the expected number of arbitrary kin (sisters, nieces, cousins, etc) of a focal individual ego, structured by the class of ego and of its kin. Central to our approach are classic but little‐used tools known as genealogical matrices. Our method can be used to obtain both individual‐based and population‐wide metrics of kinship, as we illustrate. It also makes it possible to analyse the sensitivity of the kinship structure to the traits implemented in the model.
Six‐year population dynamics of seven passalid species in a humid tropical rainforest in Borneo
Authors: Ueno Hiroto , Araya Kunio , Meleng Paulus , Kaliang Clement Het , Sakai Shoko , Kishimoto‐Yamada Keiko , Kon Masahiro , Itioka Takao , Satake Akiko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhenology of insect abundance in less seasonal tropical regions is well recognized. Even in Bornean tropical forests in Malaysia, where there is no distinct dry season, there are insect species that behave as if their environments were highly seasonal. How such seasonal dynamics are shaped and what factors determine the seasonality remains largely unresolved. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying population dynamics in relatively stable tropical environments, we classified monthly samples collected with light traps at Lambir Hills National Park, Malaysia, and generated long‐term time‐series data for the family Passalidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), which spend nearly their entire life cycle within or beneath decayed wood. Analyses of our data (20 species and 768 individuals) revealed that there were clear abundance peaks in April and October at the community level. We analyzed the data together with climate data using a nonlinear time‐series analysis called convergent cross mapping. The causal relationship between adult population dynamics of the dominant species (Leptaulax planus) and temperature was detected, which shows that the population dynamics of L. planus are driven by cool temperatures approximately 1 month before emergence. Our study indicates that even in perpetually wet tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia, insect population dynamics respond to climatic factors and show seasonal population dynamics.
Fédération Equestre Internationale eventing: Risk factors for horse falls and unseated riders during the cross‐country phase (2008‐2018)
Authors: Bennet Euan D. , Cameron‐Whytock Heather , Parkin Tim D. H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEventing is an equestrian sport that tests athletes’ and horses’ skill over three phases: dressage, jumping and cross‐country. Falls during the cross‐country phase can have very serious outcomes up to and including death for both horse and athlete. Therefore, understanding risk factors associated with falls is essential for improving equine and human welfare.ObjectivesTo provide descriptive statistics and identify risk factors at the horse‐, athlete‐ and course‐level affecting horses competing in Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) events worldwide.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsData collected by the FEI of every horse start worldwide in all international (CI), championship (CH), Olympics (OG) and World Equestrian Games (WEG) competitions between January 2008 and December 2018 were analysed. Descriptive statistics followed by univariable logistic regression to identify risk factor candidates for inclusion in the final multivariable logistic regression model. Models were constructed stepwise using a bi‐directional process and assessed using the Akaike information criterion.ResultsFactors associated with increased risk of falls and or unseated rider included: higher event levels, longer course distances, more starters at cross‐country phase and less experienced horses and athletes.Main limitationsThe data set is geographically comprehensive but covers only FEI competitions, not National Federation events, that is not every competition started by every individual horse. Nor does the data set include any prior veterinary information or data on training or schooling.ConclusionsThis is the first large‐scale epidemiological study of cross‐country falls in FEI eventing. Results suggest that a potential risk profile can be constructed for each horse‐athlete combination prior to entering a given competition, based on individual histories and course‐level factors. This could lead to interventions that can reduce the number of falls, thus protecting equine and human welfare.
The couple’s tree of life: Promoting and protecting relational identity
Authors: Chimpén‐López Carlos A. , Pacheco Meritxell , Pretel‐Luque Teresa , Bastón Rebeca , Chimpén‐Sagrado Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present The Couple’s Tree of Life (CTOL) as a new collective narrative methodology to strengthen couple relationships and prevent conflicts. The CTOL, based on the tree of life methodology (Ncube & Denborough, Tree of Life, mainstreaming psychosocial care and support: a manual for facilitators, REPSSI, 2007), aims to reinforce the identity and strengths of the couple. We explain the CTOL implementation process and illustrate it step by step with a group of 14 adult heterosexual Caucasian couples who belonged to Protestant churches in Madrid (Spain). As a way to assess its usefulness before applying the CTOL to other groups of couples, we conducted a pre‐post evaluation using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale of Spanier(1976). We found an improvement in dyadic adjustment, quality, understanding of, and satisfaction with, the relationship. The results, though not generalizable at this stage, suggest that the CTOL could reinforce the couple’s identity while maintaining individual identities. We also discuss the possible applications of couples therapy.
Global impacts of invasive species on the tipping points of shallow lakes
Authors: Reynolds Sam A. , Aldridge David C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is growing acknowledgement that human‐induced change can push ecosystems beyond tipping points, resulting in the dramatic and sudden loss of vital ecosystem services. Invasive non‐native species (INNS) are spreading rapidly due to anthropogenic activities and climate change and can drive changes to ecosystem functioning by altering abiotic conditions and restructuring native communities. Shallow lake ecosystems are especially vulnerable to perturbation from INNS as they can exist in two alternative stable states: either clear water with an abundance of vegetation or turbid, unvegetated and dominated by phytoplankton. Through a global meta‐analysis of studies observing the effects of INNS on recipient lake ecosystems, we found that certain INNS drive significant changes in the abundance of key taxa and conditions that govern the balance of alternative equilibria in shallow lakes. Invasive fish and crustaceans demonstrated effects likely to lead to early ecosystem collapse to a turbid state and delay ecosystem recovery. Invasive molluscs presented opposite effects, which may delay ecosystem collapse and encourage ecosystem recovery. Our results demonstrate that INNS could significantly alter the tipping points of ecosystem collapse and recovery, and that not all invasive species may initiate system collapse. Our results provide guidance for managers of invaded shallow lake ecosystems, which provide diverse services including sanitation, potable water supply, industrial cooling, aquaculture and recreational resources. Moreover, our approach could be applied to identify key potential drivers of change in other crucial ecosystems which demonstrate alternative equilibria, such as coral reefs and kelp forests.
Sequential droughts: A silent trigger of boreal forest mortality
Authors: Sánchez‐Pinillos Martina , D’Orangeville Loïc , Boulanger Yan , Comeau Phil , Wang Jiejie , Taylor Anthony R. , Kneeshaw Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite great concern for drought‐driven forest mortality, the effects of frequent low‐intensity droughts have been largely overlooked in the boreal forest because of their negligible impacts over the short term. In this study, we used data from 6876 permanent plots distributed across most of the Canadian boreal zone to assess the effects of repeated low‐intensity droughts on forest mortality. Specifically, we compared the relative impact of sequential years under low‐intensity dry conditions with the effects of variables related to the intensity of dry conditions, stand characteristics, and local climate. Then, we searched for thresholds in forest mortality as a function of the number of years between two forest surveys affected by dry conditions of any intensity. Our results showed that, in general, frequent low‐intensity dry conditions had stronger effects on forest mortality than the intensity of the driest conditions in the plot. Frequent low‐intensity dry conditions acted as an inciting factor of forest mortality exacerbated by stand characteristics and environmental conditions. Overall, the mortality of forests dominated by shade‐tolerant conifers was significantly and positively related to frequent low‐intensity dry conditions, supporting, in some cases, the existence of thresholds delimiting contrasting responses to drought. In mixtures with broadleaf species, however, sequential dry conditions had a negligible impact. The effects of frequent dry conditions on shade‐intolerant forests mainly depended on local climate, inciting or mitigating the mortality of forests located in wet places and dominated by broadleaf species or jack pine, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of assessing not only climate‐driven extreme events but also repeated disturbances of low intensity. In the long term, the smooth response of forests to dry conditions might abruptly change leading to disproportional mortality triggered by accumulated stress conditions. Forest and wildlife managers should consider the cumulative effects of climate change on mortality to avoid shortfalls in timber and habitat.
Single centre, real‐world experience of perioperative rFIXFc use in adult patients with haemophilia B undergoing major and minor surgery
Authors: O'Donovan Mairead , Singleton Evelyn , Roche Sheila , McGowan Mark , Benson Julie , Bergin Catherine , Bird Rachel , Byrne Mary , Duggan Cleona , Gilmore Ruth , Ryan Kevin , Dougall Alison , O'Donnell James S. , O'Connell Niamh M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionRecombinant factor IX fusion protein concentrate (rFIXFc) is increasingly used for prophylaxis in people with haemophilia B (PWHB), but experience in the perioperative setting is limited.AimsTo evaluate real‐world perioperative factor usage, bleeding and complications in PWHB (≥18 years) who received rFIXFc for surgical haemostasis and to describe the treatment regimens used.MethodsSingle centre, retrospective review of all PWHB who underwent a major or minor surgical procedure between June 2017 and July 2020 and received rFIXFc perioperatively for maintenance of surgical haemostasis.ResultsA total of 56 PWHB (45 male and 11 female), including people with mild (n = 32), moderate (n = 4) and severe (n = 20) haemophilia B, underwent 11 major and 131 minor procedures with rFIXFc for surgical haemostasis. Haemostasis was rated as excellent (9/11) or good (2/11) in all major procedures. Median total rFIXFc consumption for orthopaedic surgeries was 972 IU/kg (range 812–1031 IU/kg) and for other major (non‐orthopaedic) surgeries was 323 IU/kg (range 167–760 IU/kg). The median number of perioperative rFIXFc infusions was 19 (range 17–26) for orthopaedic surgery and 7 (range 5–17) for other major surgeries. The number of infusions in the postoperative period was determined by procedure and patient factors. Complications included bowel ileus and wound infection. Most minor procedures were managed with single infusion of rFIXFc, with no bleeding complications in 95% of minor procedures. There were no thromboembolic events or inhibitor formation.ConclusionThis unique data provides real‐world evidence that rFIXFc is safe and effective in achieving haemostasis in PWHB undergoing surgery.
Increased endoglin levels correlated with angiogenesis‐associated angiopoietin‐2 in haemophilia patients
Authors: Karaman Kubra , Celik Aybuke , Aytac Selin , Bakar‐Ates Filiz 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionHaemophilia is a bleeding disorder that occurs due to the deficiency of coagulation factors, and the angiogenesis process is an important process underlying the pathophysiology of haemophilic arthropathy. The role of the new adipocytokine endoglin (ENG) in patients with haemophilia is not yet known.AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the association between ENG protein and angiogenesis‐related cytokines in patients with haemophilia for the first time.MethodsPlasma protein levels and mRNA expressions of ENG and various angiogenesis‐associated cytokines were compared in blood samples collected from 28 patients with haemophilia A or B and 29 healthy volunteers. The relationship between the cytokines and ENG were determined by correlation analysis.ResultsPlasma ENG levels and angiogenic markers were found to be significantly higher in patients with haemophilia compared to controls. Real‐time PCR studies showed that mRNA expressions of ENG, vascular endothelial growth factor A, hypoxia‐inducible factor A, and prostaglandin E2 increased in patients with haemophilia. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between ENG and angiopoietin‐2 levels in the haemophilia group. Besides, a significant decrease in annexin‐V binding to platelets in haemophilia patients compared to control was found to be related to the bleeding profiles in the patients.ConclusionsThis study determined that ENG protein may be involved in the formation of angiogenesis in haemophilia patients and its effects may be related to angiogenetic marker angiopoietin‐2 in this process. Our findings contribute to the literature during the determination of target proteins in haemophilia treatment.