bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hydrogen Gas Pressure on Calcium–Aluminum-rich Inclusion Formation in the Protosolar Disk: a Laboratory Simulation of Open-system Melt Crystallization
Authors: Kamibayashi Michiru , Tachibana Shogo , Yamamoto Daiki , Kawasaki Noriyuki , Yurimoto Hisayoshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the oldest materials that formed in the protosolar disk. Igneous CAIs experienced melting and subsequent crystallization in the disk during which the evaporation of relatively volatile elements such as Mg and Si occurred. Evaporation from the melt would have played a significant role in the variation of chemical, mineralogical, and petrologic characteristics of the igneous CAIs. In this study, we investigated crystallization of CAI analog melt under disk-like low-pressure hydrogen (P
H2) conditions of 0.1, 1, and 10 Pa to constrain the pressure condition of the early solar system in which type B CAIs were formed. At P
H2 = 10 Pa, the samples were mantled by melilite crystals, as observed for type B1 CAIs. However, the samples heated at P
H2 = 0.1 Pa exhibited random distribution of melilite, as in type B2 CAIs. At the intermediate P
H2 of 1 Pa, type-B1-like structure formed when the cooling rate was 5°C hr−1, whereas the formation of type-B2-like structure required a cooling rate faster than 20°C hr−1. The compositional characteristics of melilite in type B1 and B2 CAIs could also be reproduced by experiments. The results of the present study suggest that P
H2 required for type-B1-like textural and chemical characteristics is greater than 1 Pa. The hydrogen pressure estimated in this study would impose an important constraint on the physical condition of the protosolar disk where type B CAIs were formed.
Braun-Blanquet meets EcoVeg: a formation and division level classification of European phytosociological units
Authors: Willner Wolfgang , Faber-Langendoen Don 
Published: December 2021

Aims: To link the Braun-Blanquet units of the EuroVegChecklist (EVC) with the upper levels of the International Vegetation Classification (IVC), and to propose a division level classification for Europe. Study area: Europe. Methods: We established a tabular linkage between EVC classes and IVC formations and identified mismatches between these two levels. We then proposed IVC division level units to organize EVC classes. Results: We organized the EVC classes into 21 formations and 30 divisions. We flagged classes that did not fit comfortably within an existing formation, either because its content corresponded to more than one formation or because it did not fit any formation description. In a few cases, we split EVC classes because they seemed too heterogenous to be assigned to a single formation. Conclusions: The IVC approach adds a set of physiognomic and ecological criteria that effectively organizes the EVC classes, which are already being increasingly informed by physiognomy. Therefore, the formation concepts are relatively natural extensions of concepts already embedded in the classes. However, physiognomic placement of Braun-Blanquet classes can be difficult when the sampling of the vegetation is at finer grain than usual in the respective formation (tall-scrub, annual pioneer communities). Some EVC classes seem too heterogenous to fit into the IVC formation system. Delimitation of these classes has often been a matter of debate for many decades, and the IVC perspective might help to solve these intricate issues. In other cases, mismatches between phytosociological classes and IVC formations might better be solved by emending the current formation concepts.
Abbreviations: BB = Braun-Blanquet; EVC = EuroVegChecklist; IVC = International Vegetation Classification.
DNMT1 Deficiency Impacts on Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Homeostasis and Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Czeh Melinda , Stäble Sina , Krämer Stephen , Tepe Lena , Talyan Sweta , Carrelha Joana , Meng Yiran , Heitplatz Barbara , Schwabenland Marius , Milsom Michael D , Plass Christoph , Prinz Marco , Schlesner Matthias , Andrade-Navarro Miguel A , Nerlov Claus , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W , Lipka Daniel B , Rosenbauer Frank 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous immune regulators involved in autoimmune diseases. Epigenomic mechanisms orchestrating DC development and DC subset diversification remain insufficiently understood but could be important to modulate DC fate for clinical purposes. By combining whole-genome methylation assessment with the analysis of mice expressing reduced DNA methyltransferase 1 levels, we show that distinct DNA methylation levels and patterns are required for the development of plasmacytoid DC and conventional DC subsets. We provide clonal in vivo evidence for DC lineage establishment at the stem cell level, and we show that a high DNA methylation threshold level is essential for Flt3-dependent survival of DC precursors. Importantly, reducing methylation predominantly depletes plasmacytoid DC and alleviates systemic lupus erythematosus in an autoimmunity mouse model. This study shows how DNA methylation regulates the production of DC subsets and provides a potential rationale for targeting autoimmune disease using hypomethylating agents.
Independent transversals in bipartite correspondence-covers
Authors: Cambie Stijn , Kang Ross J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSuppose G and H are bipartite graphs and
$L: V(G)\to 2^{V(H)}$
induces a partition of
$V(H)$
such that the subgraph of H induced between
$L(v)$
and
$L(v')$
is a matching, whenever
$vv'\in E(G)$
. We show for each
$\varepsilon>0$
that if H has maximum degree D and
$|L(v)| \ge (1+\varepsilon )D/\log D$
for all
$v\in V(G)$
, then H admits an independent transversal with respect to L, provided D is sufficiently large. This bound on the part sizes is asymptotically sharp up to a factor
$2$
. We also show some asymmetric variants of this result.
Trends in the Surgical Incidence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Uzbekistan from 2011 to 2018
Authors: Colpani Agnese , Achilova Olesya , D’Alessandro Gian Luca , Budke Christine M. , Mariconti Mara , Muratov Timur , Vola Ambra , Mamedov Arzu , Giordani Maria Teresa , Urukov Xusan , De Silvestri Annalisa , Suvonkulov Uktam , Brunetti Enrico , Manciulli Tommaso 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis with a cosmopolitan distribution caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato tapeworms. Although Uzbekistan and other countries in Central Asia are considered endemic, estimates of disease burden are lacking. We present data regarding surgically managed cases of CE obtained from Uzbekistan’s national disease surveillance registry. These data are from medical centers in Uzbekistan authorized to treat the disease and reported to the Uzbek Center for Sanitation and Epidemiology from the period 2011 to 2018. Information included patient age class (children 14 years or younger versus adults 15 years and older), but no data regarding cyst location. Incidence rates were calculated using data from the national population registry, and the Cuzick nonparametric test for trends was used to test for differences in the incidence over time at the country and regional levels. A total of 7,309 CE cases were reported. Of these, 857 (11.73%) involved pediatric patients. The mean incidence rates were 4.4 per 100,000 population in 2011 and 2.3 per 100,000 population in 2018 (P = 0.016). One region (Republic of Karalpakistan) showed a nonstatistically significant increase (P = 0.824). All other regions except three showed a statistically significant decrease. We present data showing a decrease in the overall incidence of surgically treated CE in Uzbekistan from 2011 to 2018. However, the presence of cases involving children suggests ongoing parasite transmission. The absence of clinical information (starting with cyst stage and localization) needs to be addressed to improve the national surveillance system. Field studies are also needed to further explore the epidemiology of CE in the country.
Case Report: Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis Related to COVID-19: A Case Series Exploring Risk Factors
Authors: Aggarwal Sushil Kumar , Kaur Upinder , Talda Dolly , Pandey Akshat , Jaiswal Sumit , Kanakan Ahalya , Singh Anshuman , Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT.
There has been a surge of rhino-orbital mucormycosis cases in India in the wake of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been widely suggested that dysglycemia resulting from diabetes which is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, and indiscriminate steroid use has resulted in this surge. We report a series of 13 cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients admitted to our center between mid-April and early June 2021. The cases showed a male preponderance, two patients had loss of vision, and four of them showed intracranial extension of disease. Twelve patients had received steroids and 12 had preexisting or newly diagnosed diabetes, both steroid use and diabetes being the most common identified risk factors. Considering other possible risk factors, immunosuppressed state, antiviral or ayurvedic (Indian traditional) medications, and oxygen therapy were not associated with a definite risk of mucormycosis, because they were not present uniformly in the patients. We propose that COVID-19 itself, through molecular mechanisms, predisposes to mucormycosis, with other factors such as dysglycemia or steroid use increasing the risk.
Teachers’ Perception about Flipped Classroom in Era of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Anuradha Yadav  , Manisha Sankhla  , Kavita Yadav  
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 affects medical education by shifting classroom teaching to online mode, facing numerous challenges, particularly in developing countries, such as internet connectivity, technological issues, mode of assessment. Teachers' perspectives and various challenges affecting the e-learning system during the COVID-19 pandemic require attention to ensure effective learning, so the present study aimed to assess the above objective. After institutional ethical committee approval, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted on teachers (30 responded) of phase-I MBBS via a survey questionnaire. The qualitative data were analyzed using chi-square, with a significance level set < 0.05. The majority of teachers were female (70%) and Generation X (60 %), with an 81 % response rate. Faculty (53%) had a positive impression of online teaching but preferred face-to-face instructions (67%). With a non-significant difference (p=0.255), the majority of the teaching staff sometimes faces network and technology challenges but satisfies with online teaching and assessments. Faculty prefer traditional classroom learning and assessment as they miss student participation and feedback, with prior e-teaching training and platform privacy but recognized online mode as an alternative during COVID-19. The faculty had a positive attitude towards online teaching but lack face-to-face interaction with students. Internet access, combined with some technical difficulties, posed a challenge in providing high-quality teaching
Futbolcularda kalça izometrik addüktör ve abdüktör kas kuvvet oranının dinamik denge ile ilişkisi
Authors: Emre Doğan Fatih , Korkmaz Nurhayat , Atalay Güzel Nevin 
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı kalça addüktör ve abdüktör kaslarının bilateral izometrik kuvvet oranının dinamik denge ile ilişkisini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya 20 sağlıklı erkek futbolcu katıldı. Sporcuların kalça kas kuvvetlerini değerlendirmek için GroinBar™ (Vald Performance, Albion, Avustralya) cihazı kullanıldı. Alt ekstremite dinamik dengeleri ise Y denge testi ile değerlendirildi. Kalça addüktör ve abdüktör izometrik kas kuvveti ve kuvvet oranları ile Y denge testi ilişkisi Spearman sıra korelasyon katsayısı (rho) ile belirlendi.
Bulgular: Araştırma sonunda non-dominant taraf abdüktör maksimum izometrik kas kuvveti ile dominant taraf Y denge öne uzanma arasında pozitif yönde (rho= 0,465, p= 0,039) ve dominant addüktör/abdüktör oran ile non-dominant postero-lateral uzanma arasında negatif yönde (rho= -0,439, p= 0,05) orta seviyede istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki tespit edildi. Diğer parametreler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı.
Sonuçlar: Kalça addüktör abdüktör kas kuvvetleri ve kuvvet oranlarının dinamik denge ile ilişkili olduğu görülmektedir. Futbolcularda kalça eklemi ve pelvis dinamikleri üzerine doğrudan etkileri olan bu kasların kuvveti ve bunların oranlarını değerlendirmek ve sonuçlara göre antrenman programlarında planlamalar yapmak yararlı olabilir.
Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological states of youth and adult elite male athletes
Authors: Lima Yavuz , Şenışık Seçkin , Denerel Nevzad , Hurşitoğlu Onur , Balcı Görkem A. , Bolat Gül Ü. , Ergün Metin 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Although the psychological states of athletes were negatively affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a lack of studies examining the psychological impact on athletes according to age, sports discipline, and contact requirement of the sport. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on elite athletes according to age, sport discipline (team-individual), and contact requirements of the sports (contact and non-contact).
Material and methods: Three questionnaires (Depression anxiety stress scale-21, Impact of events scale (IES), International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)) were sent to participants’ smartphones, six weeks after professional football leagues were postponed. The online survey was completed by 440 athletes and 126 non-athlete volunteers. Athletes were divided into three groups as follows; team sports, individual contact, and individual non-contact-sports. Also, each group was subdivided into two age groups as youth and adult.
Results: Depression, anxiety, and stress scores for the team sports were significantly lower than individual contact-sports (p<0.01 each) and individual non-contact-sports (p=0.02, p<0.01, p<0.01, respectively). IES score for the team sports was significantly lower than the individual contact sports, individual non-contact sports, and non-athlete volunteers (p<0.01, p=0.02, p=0.04, respectively). There was no other significant difference between the scale scores of the groups (athletes-control, or youth-adult) (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Mental health status of team sport athletes were relatively protected, whereas, individual contact sports athletes were highly affected. The psychological states of individual contact athletes should be monitored closely, and necessary psychosocial support should be provided to create coping strategies.
KEMAMPUAN MENYUSU PADA BAYI DENGAN PERSALINAN TINDAKAN
Authors: Pinem Lina Herida , Iswari Yeni , Pardede Lisbeth 
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Tingginya angka kejadian Sectio Caesarea tanpa indikasi, berdampak terhadap tingginya komplikasi pada ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan menyusu bayi yang lahir dengan persalinan tindakan di Rumah Sakit swasta Jakarta dan Bekasi dengan menggunakan kuesioner Assessment scale of newborn sucking for breastfeeding dari UNICEF.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah analitik deskriptif dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional untuk mengidentifikasi ada tidaknya hubungan variable independent: persalinan tindakan terhadap variable dependen: Kemampuan bayi menyusu dalam satu kali pengukuran. Sampel penelitian (70 orang) diambil dengan teknik non probability sampling jenis consecutive sampling.
Hasil: Hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square menunjukkan nilai p: 0,19 dengan nilai a= 0,05 yang bermakna tidak ada hubungan tindakan persalinan dengan kemampuan bayi menyusu. Proporsi terbesar bayi yang memiliki kemampuan menghisap kurang (71,4%) lahir dengan persalinan ekstraksi vacum, bayi yang lahir dengan induksi memiliki kemampuan menghisap lemah dan kuat setara yaitu sama-sama 50%, sedangkan bayi dengan SC mayoritas memiliki kemampuan menghisap kuat (63,2 %). Rata-rata berat badan bayi yang mengisap lemah adalah 2959,8 gram dengan standar deviasi 304,49 sedangkan rata-rata berat badan bayi yang menghisap kuat adalah 3201,1 dengan standar deviasi 337,86. Nilai p value uji t pada varian yang sama yaitu 0,03 dengan a (0,05) yang bermakna ada perbedaan signifikan rata-rata berat badan bayi yang menyusu kuat dan yang menyusu lemah. Usia ibu juga tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan bayi menyusu dengan p value : 0,4 (a=0,05). Mayoritas responden dilahirkan secara SC (81,4%) dan 8,6 % permintaan sendiri tanpa indikasi medis.
Kesimpulan: Data ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi tenaga kesehatan dalam memberikan informasi kesehatan tentang dampak persalinan SC terhadap ibu.
A Sultan in Autumn
Authors: Cagaptay Soner 
Published: December 2021

Recep Tayyip Erdogan has ruled Turkey for nearly two decades. Here, Soner Cagaptay, a leading authority on the country, offers insights on the next phase of Erdogan’s rule. His dwindling support base at home, coupled with rising opposition, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, and Turkey’s weak economy, would appear to threaten his grip on power. Moreover, Erdogan’s relationship with Russian president Vladimir Putin is fragile, as is his rapport with U.S. president Joe Biden.
How will he react?
In this exceptional analysis, Cagaptay casts Erdogan as an inventor of nativist populist politics in the twenty-first century. The Turkish president knows how to polarize the electorate to boost his base, and how to wield oppressive tactics when polarization alone cannot win elections. Cagaptay contends that Erdogan will cling to power, by hook or by crook—with unfortunate costs for Turkey’s citizens, institutions, and allies. Turkey is the oldest democracy and the largest economy between Germany and India, and as a result, Erdogan’s moves will have ramifications beyond Turkey’s borders. The associated dynamics—and what they portend for the United States—make A Sultan in Autumn a must read for all those interested in Turkey and the geopolitics of the next decade.
Palestine Across Millennia
Authors: Masalha Nur 
Published: December 2021

Palestine, of all countries on earth, is one of the most densely saturated places of cultural and religious significance. Situated in the middle of the Fertile Crescent– the ‘cradle of civilisations’ – and ancient trade routes, Palestine and the Palestinians were closely associated with the early alphabetical writing and many of the intellectual revolutions of the past four millennia. Yet Palestine’s remarkable history of scholarship and education has been overlooked and replaced by the perception – often advocated by Zionist narratives – that for centuries the country was a ‘black hole’ of nothingness, devoid of literacy and education.
In this magisterial cultural history of the Palestinians, Nur Masalha illuminates the entire history of Palestinian learning with specific reference to writing, education, literary production and the intellectual revolutions in the country. The book introduces this long cultural heritage to demonstrate that Palestine was not just a ‘holy land’ for the four monotheistic religions – Islam, Christianity Judaism and Samaritanism – rather, the country evolved to become a major international site of classical education and knowledge production in multiple languages including Greek, Syriac, Arabic, Hebrew and Latin. The cultural saturation of the country is found then, not solely in landmark mosques, churches and synagogues, but in scholarship, historic schools, colleges, famous international libraries and archival centres.
The unique book introduces these renowned institutions, movements and multiple historical periods together for the first time, presenting them as part of a cumulative and incremental intellectual advancement and not disconnected periods of educational excellence. In doing so, this multifaceted intellectual history transforms the orientations of scholarly research on Palestine and propels current historical knowledge on education and literacy in Palestine to new heights.
Building Materials
Authors: Lloyd Thomas Katie 
Published: December 2021

At a time of unprecedented levels of change in the production of building materials and their deployment in construction, better theoretical and historical tools are needed to understand these new developments and how they are altering the practices and concepts of architecture. Building Materials offers a radical rethink of how materials, as they are constituted in architectural practice, are themselves constructed and, in turn, uncovers a vast and neglected resource of architectural writing about materials as they are mobilized in architecture.
The book is unique in conceiving architectural specification as a starting point for architectural theory, arguing that how materials are prescribed – through a range of practices from the literal processes of procurement and manufacture to epistemological, contractual, social and economic frameworks – radically alters their potential in architecture. Drawing on the work of French philosopher Gilbert Simondon, as well as rare archival materials of specifications, the book reveals why materials do not pre-exist their shaping or use in the world, but come into being through the processes that constitute them.
The book addresses three distinct methods of specification each through the lens of a different material – ‘naming’ through timber, ‘process-based’ through concrete, and ‘performance specification’ through glass – in turn revealing how the process of architectural specification (or ‘Preliminary Operations’ as Simondon puts it) allows for development of specific relationships between material and function.
Making World English
Authors: Malouf Michael G. 
Published: December 2021

Uncovering the role of literature, late imperialism, and the rise of new models of internationalism as integral to the invention of Global English, this book focuses on three key figures from the “Vocabulary Control Movement” - C.K. Ogden, Harold Palmer, and Michael West - who competed for market share for their respective language teaching systems - Basic English, the Palmer Method, and the New Method - through battles over word lists and teaching methods in the 1920s and 30s.
Drawing on archives from the Carnegie Corporation and considering language teaching in eight global sites, this book analyzes how a series of conferences in New York and London resolved their conflicts and produced a consolidated, international standard form of English. As a postcolonial approach to the development of the field of English Language Teaching, it reveals how these language debates were proxy battles over an idealized global subject: an urban, secular, consumer moving seamlessly between the tribal and global, speaking both mother tongues and an international lingua franca, Global English.
Featuring analysis of the primary texts of each of the three key figures in this book as well as close readings of their readers, which featured adaptations of well-known literary texts from writers like Poe, Dickens, Wordsworth, Milton and Wells, it recovers a neglected history of English as it was redefined as an international language through anti-colonial resistance in the peripheries and transatlantic power struggles in the metropole during the interwar period.