bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The two formation pathways of S0 galaxies
Authors: Deeley Simon , Drinkwater Michael J , Sweet Sarah M , Bekki Kenji , Couch Warrick J , Forbes Duncan A , Dolfi Arianna 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Despite their ubiquity throughout the Universe, the formation of S0 galaxies remains uncertain. Recent observations have revealed that S0 galaxies make up a diverse population that is difficult to explain with a single formation pathway, suggesting that the picture of how these galaxies form is more complicated than originally envisioned. Here, we take advantage of the latest hydrodynamical cosmological simulations and follow up these studies with an investigation into the formation histories of S0s in IllustrisTNG. We first classify IllustrisTNG galaxies in a way that is fully consistent with the observations, and reproduce the observed photometric and environmental distributions seen for the S0 population. We then trace the formation histories of S0 galaxies back through time, identifying two main distinct pathways: those that experienced gas stripping via group infalls (37 per cent of S0s) or significant merger events (57 per cent). We find that those forming via mergers feature a transient star-forming ring, whose present-day occurrence rate matches observations. We find that these formation pathways together can reproduce the range in rotational support in observed S0s, concluding that there are two main formation pathways for S0 galaxies.
Optical emission-line spectra of symbiotic binaries
Authors: Kuuttila J , Gilfanov M 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Symbiotic stars are long-period interacting binaries where the compact object, most commonly a white dwarf, is embedded in the dense stellar wind of an evolved companion star. Ultraviolet and soft X-ray emission of the accretion disc and the nuclear-burning white dwarf plays a major role in shaping the ionization balance of the surrounding wind material, giving rise to the rich line emission. In this paper, we employ two-dimensional photoionization calculations based on the cloudy code to study the ionization state of the circumbinary material in symbiotic systems and to predict their emission-line spectra. Our simulations are parametrized via the orbital parameters of the binary and the wind mass-loss rate of the donor star, while the mass accretion rate, temperature and luminosity of the white dwarf are computed self-consistently. We explore the parameter space of symbiotic binaries and compute luminosities of various astrophysically important emission lines. The line ratios are compared with traditional diagnostic diagrams used to distinguish symbiotic binaries from other types of sources, and it is shown how the binary system parameters shape these diagrams. In the significant part of the parameter space, the wind material is nearly fully ionized, except for the ‘shadow’ behind the donor star, so the white dwarf emission is typically freely escaping the system.
White dwarf–main-sequence binaries from Gaia EDR3: the unresolved 100 pc volume-limited sample
Authors: Rebassa-Mansergas A , Solano E , Jiménez-Esteban F M , Torres S , Rodrigo C , Ferrer-Burjachs A , Calcaferro L M , Althaus L G , Córsico A H 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We use the data provided by the Gaia Early Data Release 3 to search for a highly complete volume-limited sample of unresolved binaries consisting of a white dwarf and a main-sequence companion (i.e. WDMS binaries) within 100 pc. We select 112 objects based on their location within the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, of which 97 are new identifications. We fit their spectral energy distributions (SED) with a two-body fitting algorithm implemented in VOSA (Virtual Observatory SED Analyser) to derive the effective temperatures, luminosities, and radii (hence surface gravities and masses) of both components. The stellar parameters are compared to those from the currently largest catalogue of close WDMS binaries, from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We find important differences between the properties of the Gaia and SDSS samples. In particular, the Gaia sample contains WDMS binaries with considerably cooler white dwarfs and main-sequence companions (some expected to be brown dwarfs). The Gaia sample also shows an important population of systems consisting of cool and extremely low-mass white dwarfs, not present in the SDSS sample. Finally, using a Monte Carlo population synthesis code, we find that the volume-limited sample of systems identified here seems to be highly complete (≃ 80 ± 9 per cent); however, it only represents ≃9 per cent of the total underlying population. The missing ≃91 per cent includes systems in which the main-sequence companions entirely dominate the SEDs. We also estimate an upper limit to the total space density of close WDMS binaries of ≃ (3.7 ± 1.9) × 10−4 pc−3.
Photometric redshifts estimation for galaxies by using FOABP-RF
Authors: Li Mengci , Gao Zhenbin , Qiu Bo , Zhang Jiannan , Mu Yonghuan , Xiang Guanjie , Zhang Yuxin 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a new combinatorial algorithm (FOABP-RF)-using Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm to enhance Back Propagation Neural Network (FOABP) and random forest (RF) to estimate photometric redshifts of galaxies. This method can improve the estimation accuracy and effectively overcome the shortcomings of artificial neural network which often falls into the local optimal point. And it is suitable for different types of galaxies. First, self-organizing feature mapping (SOM) is used to cluster samples into early-type and late-type galaxies. Then the Back Propagation neural network (BP), genetic algorithm and back propagation (GABP) neural network, particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with BP neural network (PSOBP), FOABP-RF and other latest algorithms are used to estimate the redshifts of the two types of galaxies from one to another. Finally, in the experiment, 80218 galaxies with the redshift Z &lt; 0.8 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 13 (SDSS DR13) are used as the data set. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of early-type galaxies by FOABP-RF is 6.03, 2.41, and 1.94 per cent lower than BP, GABP, and PSOBP, respectively. And the RMSE of late-type galaxies by FOABP-RF is 6.09, 4.09, 73.37 per cent lower than BP, GABP, and PSOBP, respectively. This proves FOABP-RF is very suitable for estimating photometric redshifts.
New insight into the magnetism of degenerate stars from the analysis of a volume-limited sample of white dwarfs
Authors: Bagnulo S , Landstreet J D 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Many stars evolve into magnetic white dwarfs (MWDs), and observations may help to understand when the magnetic field appears at the stellar surface, if and how it evolves during the cooling phase, and, above all, what are the mechanisms that generate it. After obtaining new spectropolarimetric observations and combining them with previous literature data, we have checked almost the entire population of about 152 WDs within 20 pc from the Sun for the presence of magnetic fields, with a sensitivity that ranges from better than 1 kG for most of the stars of spectral class DA, to 1 MG for some of the featureless white dwarfs (WDs). We find that 33 WDs of the local 20 pc volume are magnetic. Statistically, the data are consistent with the possibility that the frequency of the magnetic field occurrence is similar in stars of all spectral classes, except that in the local 20 pc volume, either DQ stars are more frequently magnetic or host much stronger fields than average. The distribution of the observed field strength ranges from 40 kG to 300 MG and is uniform per decade, in striking contrast to the field frequency distribution resulting from spectroscopic surveys. Remarkably, no fields weaker than 40 kG are found. We confirm that magnetic fields are more frequent in WDs with higher than average mass, especially in younger stars. We find a marked deficiency of MWDs younger than 0.5 Gyr, and we find that the frequency of the occurrence of the magnetic field is significantly higher in WDs that have undergone the process of core crystallization than in WDs with fully liquid core. There is no obvious evidence of field strength decay with time. We discuss the implications of our findings in relation to some of the proposals that have been put forward to explain the origin and evolution of magnetic fields in degenerate stars, in particular those that predict the presence of a dynamo acting during the crystallization phase.
Applying Critical Race Theory to Public Administration Scholarship
Authors: Riccucci Norma M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This essay addresses how critical race theory (CRT) can be applied to the field of public administration. It proposes specific areas within the field that could benefit from the application of a CRT framework. This requires a paradigmatic shift in the field, which is desirable given the high priority that the field places on social equity, the third pillar of public administration. If there is a desire to achieve social equity and justice, racism needs to be addressed and confronted directly. The Black Lives Matter movement is one example of the urgency and significance of applying theories from a variety of disciplines to the study of racism in public administration.
Distinct phenotypes of hospitalized patients with hyperkalemia by machine learning consensus clustering and associated mortality risks
Authors: Thongprayoon C , Kattah A G , Mao M A , Keddis M T , Pattharanitima P , Vallabhajosyula S , Nissaisorakarn V , Erickson S B , Dillon J J , Garovic V D , Cheungpasitporn W 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Background
Hospitalized patients with hyperkalemia are heterogeneous, and cluster approaches may identify specific homogenous groups. This study aimed to cluster patients with hyperkalemia on admission using unsupervised machine learning (ML) consensus clustering approach, and to compare characteristics and outcomes among these distinct clusters.

Methods
Consensus cluster analysis was performed in 5133 hospitalized adult patients with admission hyperkalemia, based on available clinical and laboratory data. The standardized mean difference was used to identify each cluster’s key clinical features. The association of hyperkalemia clusters with hospital and 1-year mortality was assessed using logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results
Three distinct clusters of hyperkalemia patients were identified using consensus cluster analysis: 1661 (32%) in cluster 1, 2455 (48%) in cluster 2 and 1017 (20%) in cluster 3. Cluster 1 was mainly characterized by older age, higher serum chloride and acute kidney injury (AKI), but lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum bicarbonate and hemoglobin. Cluster 2 was mainly characterized by higher eGFR, serum bicarbonate and hemoglobin, but lower comorbidity burden, serum potassium and AKI. Cluster 3 was mainly characterized by higher comorbidity burden, particularly diabetes and end-stage kidney disease, AKI, serum potassium, anion gap, but lower eGFR, serum sodium, chloride and bicarbonate. Hospital and 1-year mortality risk was significantly different among the three identified clusters, with highest mortality in cluster 3, followed by cluster 1 and then cluster 2.

Conclusion
In a heterogeneous cohort of hyperkalemia patients, three distinct clusters were identified using unsupervised ML. These three clusters had different clinical characteristics and outcomes.
Patient-Centered Education in Wound Management: Improving Outcomes and Adherence
Authors: Callender Lynelle F. , Johnson Arlene L. , Pignataro Rose M. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Patients with chronic wounds make daily decisions that affect healing and treatment outcomes. Patient-centered education for effective self-management decreases episodes of care and reduces health expenditures while promoting independence. Theoretical frameworks, including the Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, and Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, can assist healthcare providers in identifying strategies that enhance adherence. These strategies include the use of motivational interviewing, a communication technique designed to elicit patients’ perspectives regarding treatment goals, outcome expectations, anticipated barriers, and intentions to follow provider recommendations.

GENERAL PURPOSE
To educate wound care practitioners about methods of communication that can help promote patient adherence to wound healing recommendations.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:
1. Distinguish the use of theoretical frameworks to promote patient adherence to prescribed wound healing recommendations.
2. Synthesize the principles of motivational interviewing to best encourage patients to adhere to prescribed wound healing recommendations.
3. Select the appropriate self-care strategies for patients who have nonhealing wounds.
Safety updates in novel therapeutics for pediatric rheumatic disease
Authors: Randell Rachel L. , Becker Mara L. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Biologics and novel targeted therapeutics have transformed the management of pediatric rheumatic diseases over the past two decades; however, questions about short-term and long-term safety remain. Safety data gathered from recent clinical trials, long-term extensions of prior trials, registries, and other real-world evidence are summarized here for biologics and novel therapeutics commonly prescribed for pediatric rheumatic diseases.

Recent findings
With nearly 20 years of therapeutic experience, tumor necrosis inhibitors (TNFi) are generally well tolerated, although infections, malignancy, and development of new autoimmunity remain a concern. Risk of infections may be higher in IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors, and lower in abatacept, compared with TNFi. Safety data for B-cell-targeted therapeutics and janus kinase inhibitors are emerging, but remain limited, especially in children.

Summary
Biologic and novel targeted therapeutics offer a promising future for children with pediatric rheumatic disease. However, long-term safety data in children remain limited for several agents. With any therapeutic option, both short-term and long-term safety concerns must be weighed against individual clinical needs when choosing the optimal treatment for each child.
Reducing Unnecessary Laboratory Utilization in the Medical ICU: A Fellow-Driven Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Conroy Megan , Homsy Elie , Johns Jennica , Patterson Kevin , Singha Arindam , Story Ryan , Finnegan Geoffrey , Shively Kevin , Faherty Kathrine , Gephart Matthew , Cape Kari , Exline Matthew C. , Ali Naeem , Besecker Beth 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Overutilization of laboratory services is now recognized as harmful to patients and wasteful. In fact, the American Board of Internal Medicine’s Choosing Wisely campaign recommends against ordering routine testing that does not answer a clinical question. Per peer benchmarking, our institution as a whole occupied an extreme outlier position at the 100th percentile for laboratory utilization. We sought to address this problem starting in our medical ICUs with a quality improvement project.

DESIGN:
Quality improvement project using the design, measure, analyze, improve, and control process. The primary endpoint was a sustained reduction in laboratory utilization. Counterbalance metrics were also followed, and these included mortality, renal replacement therapy initiation rates, stat laboratory orders, and central catheter–associated blood stream infections.

SETTING:
The medical ICU at the Ohio State University Medical Center.

PATIENTS:
All patients admitted to the medical ICU from March 2019 to March 2020.

INTERVENTIONS:
Root causes were identified and addressed with the implementation of a wide range of interventions involving a multidisciplinary team led by trainee physicians.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
There was a sustained 20% reduction in the number of tests performed per patient day, with no change in the counterbalance metrics.

CONCLUSIONS:
Trainees can affect positive change in the culture and processes at their institutions to safely reduce laboratory utilization.
Association between plasma endothelial microparticles and contrast-induced nephropathy in patients underwent coronary angiography
Authors: Fu Xiaodan , Dong Jing , Wang Hongyan , Lou Dayuan , Li Xin , Mei Jiajie , Sui Zheng , Yang Qian , Niu Nan , Qu Peng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We aim to investigate the association between plasma endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and contrast-induced nephropathy of patients underwent coronary angiography.
The patients were divided into normal renal function group and renal dysfunction group based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Among the 180 cases, 117 received determination of EMP and serum creatinine after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and/or coronary angiography. The patients were divided into contrast-induced-nephropathy (CIN) group and non-CIN group. EMPs collection and determination were performed, together with biochemical analysis and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) analysis.
Spearman correlation showed that the expression of EMP was negatively correlated with eGFR (r = –0.201, P < .01). The serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cystatin C (Cys-C), uric acid (UA) were significantly higher in CIN group than that in the non CIN group. Spearman correlation showed that the expression of EMP was positively correlated with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6, r = 0.393, P < .01). The expression of EMP was positively correlated with serum hs-CRP (r = 0.360, P < .01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), eGFR, UA, and Cys-C were correlated with the incidence of contrast induced nephropathy.
In patients with contrast-induced-nephropathy, the plasma EMPs were significantly increased after coronary angiography. The expression of plasma EMPs may play a role in the occurrence of contrast-induced-nephropathy.
Increased Prevalence of Left Lobe Atrophy in Long‐standing Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction
Authors: Barreto Juliana C.C. , Sandy Natascha S. , Hessel Gabriel , de Alcantara Roberta V. , De Tommaso Adriana Maria A. , Yamada Roberto M. , Bellomo‐Brandão Maria Angela 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to describe long‐term changes in standard blood tests and ultrasound (US) findings in pediatric patients with Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction (EHPVO) who have not undergone Meso‐Rex Bypass (MRB) surgery.Methods:US, laboratory, and endoscopic data of 77 patients were analyzed and compared at 2 different points in time: at initial workup and at most recent follow‐up. Differences were assessed using McNemar and Wilcoxon tests, while correlations were evaluated using generalized estimating equations.Results:Upper gastrointestinal bleeding was the most frequent initial manifestation of EHPVO, in 45.4% of subjects. The mean age at diagnosis was 4.3 years. Seventy‐four percentage had a previous history of umbilical catheterization and/or neonatal sepsis. Over time, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and, interestingly, of left lobe atrophy (LLA), even though the number of esophageal varices and the need for endoscopic interventions reduced. A significant correlation was found between history of umbilical catheterization and LLA, splenomegaly and LLA, and gallbladder wall thickening and LLA. Overall, the number of patients with cholelithiasis at initial workup was low (and therefore, not analyzed with inferential statistics); however, we observed a relative increase over time.Conclusions:In this cohort of patients with EHPVO followed over more than 8 years without treatment with MRB, we report the novel finding of a significant increase in the prevalence of LLA over time. LLA correlated with past medical history of umbilical catheterization, and findings of splenomegaly and gallbladder wall thickening. We propose that that LLA should be further explored as a marker of portal hypertension, particularly in the context of a history of umbilical catheterization.
A Descriptive Study of Resiliency and Health in Practicing Nurses
Authors: Stallings Welden Lois M. , Kalb Elizabeth , Willegal Kate , Chen Chen , White Ann 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to identify the degree of resilience and self-perceived physical and mental health in practicing nurses.

BACKGROUND
Stressors and challenges of everyday demands influence resilience and well-being in acute care nurses.

METHODS
Nurses were surveyed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and PROMIS Global Health. One sample t test compared the study group to the general population mean of resiliency, physical and mental health scores. Linear regression analysis identified factors associated with resiliency.

RESULTS
Of the 859 practicing nurses in the sample, most were female and White, had a BSN or associate of science in nursing degree (55.2%, 30.0%) and more than 10 years of experience (57.1%), and worked in direct patient care (77.0%). Nurses had low resiliency (P < .0001) and physical health (P = .0037). Well-being factors included 2 or more missed days/shifts in 3 months (P < .001), thoughts of quitting (P = .003), and perceptions that workload was too much (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Self-perceived physical and mental health was significantly associated with the degree of resilience.
Analgesic effect of perineural local anesthetics, steroids, and conventional medical management for trauma and compression-related peripheral neuropathic pain: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bhatia Anuj , Bril Vera , Brull Richard T. , Perruccio Anthony V. , Wijeysundera Duminda N. , Lau Johnny , Gandhi Rajiv , Mahomed Nizar , Davis Aileen M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Trauma and compression are common causes of peripheral neuropathic pain (NP) refractory to conventional medical management (CMM). The role of perineural interventions in relieving this type of pain is unclear.

Objectives:
The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine the analgesic benefits of adding a combination of perineural local anesthetic and steroids (LA-S) to CMM compared with CMM alone in patients who had moderate-to-severe refractory NP after trauma to the ankle and the foot.

Methods:
Health care records of 60 patients in exposed (3 injections of perineural LA-S at weekly intervals with CMM) and 60 in unexposed (CMM) cohorts were reviewed. Data on patient characteristics, pain, and mental and physical function were extracted at baseline and at the postintervention follow-up. Data were analyzed to evaluate analgesic benefit from the study interventions and the impact of baseline characteristics.

Results:
Perineural LA-S with CMM cohort had lower pain numerical rating scale scores at 1 to 3 months after the intervention as compared to the CMM alone cohort (5.50 [interquartile range 4.00–7.00] and 7.00 [interquartile range 5.00–8.00], respectively; P < 0.01). However, multivariable analysis did not show an independent beneficial analgesic effect with the addition of perineural LA-S to CMM compared with CMM alone. A greater severity of preintervention catastrophizing (each unit increase in pain catastrophizing score increased pain score at follow-up by 0.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.07) was associated with reduction in the analgesic benefit.

Conclusion:
Perineural local anesthetic and steroid injections do not confer an analgesic benefit for trauma- or compression-related peripheral NP.