bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De nieuwe Dual use-verordening: een gemiste kans
Authors: Helder N.J. , Klaui C.C. 
Published: September 2021

De nieuwe Dual use-verordening: een gemiste kans
De nieuwe Europese verordening voor de controle op uitvoer van goederen voor civiel en militair gebruik (dual use) laat huidige uitdagingen, zoals geopolitieke machtsverschuivingen, agressieve uitbreiding van de invloedssfeer door sommige staten en de toenemende aandacht voor (en regulering van) nationale veiligheid door de daardoor geraakte staten, opkomende nieuwe technologieën en geglobaliseerde distributieketens (zoals voor semiconductors), grotendeels ongemoeid. Voorstellen van de Europese Commissie en het Europees Parlement om mensenrechten een centralere plaats in de EU-regelgeving inzake exportcontrole te geven zijn slechts in zeer geringe mate overgenomen. Deze uitdagingen zullen moeten worden geadresseerd op andere (nationale) wetgevingsterreinen. De nieuwe verordening laat EU-lidstaten de vrijheid om zelf op nationaal niveau door middel van aanvullende wetgeving en/of uitvoeringsbeleid mensenrechten te adresseren. Dat leidt naar verwachting tot een lappendeken van aanvullende wetgeving en diversiteit bij de uitvoering van de nieuwe verordening binnen de EU. Voor ondernemingen die in meerdere EU-lidstaten opereren, brengt dat een grotere compliancebelasting met zich mee.Verordening (EU) 2021/821 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 20 mei 2021 tot instelling van een Unieregeling voor controle op de uitvoer, de tussenhandel, de technische bijstand, de doorvoer en de overbrenging van producten voor tweeërlei gebruik (herschikking) (PbEU 2021, L 206/1-461).
Comparison of PMtotal, PM10, PM2.5, NOx, and SO2 Emission Factors from Coal-fired Power Plants per Load Change
Authors: Yu JeongHun , Song Jihan , Lee DoYoung , Yu MyeongSang , Jung JongHan , Chun Sung-Nam , Lee GaYoung , Kim JongHo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
For two bituminous coal-fired power plants with 500 MW and pulverized coal combustion type, the concentration of PMtotal, >PM10, PM2.5-10, PM2.5, NOx, and SO2 was measured, and their emission factors were calculated through field measurement. The measurement points started from the boiler downstream and continued to the air pollution control devices (APCDs) that are installed in series, namely, the selected catalytic reduction system (SCR), air preheater (APH), electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and wet flue gas desulfurization system (WFGD). The measurement was performed at one point for more than three times by using the Korean standard method for air pollutants. However, all measurement points, except for the stacks, were not representative of the standard test method. In addition, the PM concentration was too high to reduce the collection time due to isokinetic sampling. There is a limitation of how representative the measurement results can be. During the field measurement period, the power production rate of the two coal-fired power plants was 91.6% and 79.2% in the P-1 and P-2, respectively. Moreover, in the P-2, with a low power production rate, the concentration of PMtotal, PM10, PM2.5, and NOx was found to be low, and the emission factor calculated by dividing the measured concentration value by the fuel usage was also estimated to be low. Such results are due to the coal combustion chamber and various types of APCD being operated at a lower-load condition than the design capacity. In turn, the number of pollutants generated was less, and the removal efficiency of the pollutant became high. However, it was found that the concentration of SO2 generated and the emission factor are more significantly affected by the sulfur content of the coal than the load factor change. To this end, reducing the operation load of the coal-fired power plant improves the combustion efficiency and APCDs performance and decreases the emission factor, resulting in more reduction of the air pollutants than that based on the simple calculation.
Evaluation of the right and left ventricular functions of patients that recovered from COVID‑19 at home
Authors: AFŞİN Abdulmecit , SÜNER Arif , HOŞOĞLU Yusuf , HOŞOĞLU Ayşe 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection that can involve various systems and organs, as well as the cardiovascular system. There are several reports in the literature on cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized. Therefore, the current research was designed to determine whether cardiac involvement occurred in COVID-19 patients at home.
Methods: The current research included 30 patients with a positive COVID-19 PCR test but no hospitalization and recovery at home, and also 30 healthy volunteers. All participants underwent routine and transthoracic echocardiographic exams. The left and right ventricular diameters and functions were examined using two-dimensional echocardiography. M-mode imaging was used to assess tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE). In addition, the tissue Doppler images of the patients were recorded.
Results: In the COVID-19 group, 53% of the patients were male, and the mean age was 35.6 years (±7.6). The control group consisted of 57% males, and the mean age was 35.1 years (±6.9). The right and left ventricular diameters, systolic pulmonary artery pressure, and TAPSE and MAPSE values were similar in the two groups. In both groups, the tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (S’ tricuspid) values were in the normal reference range. However, the S’ tricuspid value was statistically lower in the COVID-19 group than in the control group (13 [14-11] vs. 14 [15-13]; p=0.010).
Conclusion: In this study, cardiac functions did not significantly differ between patients with mild COVID-19 infection and the control group.
The spider genus Medionops Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit (Araneae: Caponiidae) in Colombia, with the description of four new species
Authors: Martínez Leonel , Sánchez-Ruiz Alexander , Bonaldo Alexandre B. 
Published: September 2021

Four new Colombian species of the spider genus Medionops Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2017 are described and illustrated: M. carolinae sp. nov. (male and female) from Boyacá department, M. cauca sp. nov. (male) from Cauca department, M. luiscarlosi sp. nov. (male and female) from Caldas department and M. santarosa sp. nov. (male) from Risaralda department. Additionally, the distribution of the type species of M. blades Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2017, previously known only from Bogotá, Cundinamarca department, is extended to several localities in the Boyacá department. An updated identification key for all Medionops species is provided.
papel desempeñado por los concejos municipales de la República del Ecuador en el reclutamiento de soldados (1830-1860)
Authors: Aguilar Echeverría Marisol Verónica , Espinel López Cristian Rodrigo 
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo consiste en concatenar las funciones asignadas a los municipios por parte de la función ejecutiva y legislativa de la república del Ecuador para la dotación de individuos que fueron destinados a reforzar la tropa del Ejército Permanente y así, cumplir objetivos específicos determinados por el gobierno de turno. Este ensayo se basa en el resultado de la indagación de documentos que reposan en archivos históricos, cuya información da cuenta del proceso de recluta por parte de los consejos municipales en base a normativa específica. Esta breve investigación además contempla el rol desempeñado por los cuerpos de milicia en las ciudades como refuerzo a la labor cotidiana de la guardia policial. La institución municipal durante los primeros años de Ecuador como república tuvo una participación decisiva en el proceso de alistamiento de soldados.
The Transformation Myth
Authors: Kane Gerald C. , Nanda Rich , Nguyen Phillips Anh , Copulsky Jonathan R. 
Published: September 2021

In this business bestseller, how companies can adapt in an era of continuous disruption: a guide to responding to such acute crises as COVID-19. Gold Medalist in Business Disruption/Reinvention.
When COVID-19 hit, businesses had to respond almost instantaneously—shifting employees to remote work, repairing broken supply chains, keeping pace with dramatically fluctuating customer demand. They were forced to adapt to a confluence of multiple disruptions inextricably linked to a longer- term, ongoing digital disruption. This book shows that companies that use disruption as an opportunity for innovation emerge from it stronger. Companies that merely attempt to “weather the storm” until things go back to normal (or the next normal), on the other hand, miss an opportunity to thrive.
The authors, all experts on business and technology strategy, show that transformation is not a one-and-done event, but a continuous process of adapting to a volatile and uncertain environment. Drawing on five years of research into digital disruption—including a series of interviews with business leaders conducted during the COVID-19 crisis—they offer a framework for understanding disruption and tools for navigating it. They outline the leadership traits, business principles, technological infrastructure, and organizational building blocks essential for adapting to disruption, with examples from real-world organizations. Technology, they remind readers, is not an end in itself, but enables the capabilities essential for surviving an uncertain future: nimbleness, scalability, stability, and optionality.
A paisagem como rede de dramaturgias
Authors: Wilker Francis 
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo se dedica a examinar a noção de paisagem sob diferentes perspectivas e os modos de compreendê-la como dramaturgia nas artes da cena. A paisagem, tradicionalmente associada àquilo que o olhar humano é capaz de abarcar, tem mobilizado especial interesse na contemporaneidade, especialmente por possibilitar um modo de pensar a complexidade e multidimensionalidade dos fenômenos sociais do nosso tempo. Nesse sentido, configura-se como um conceito operatório na análise de parte da produção teatral brasileira contemporânea que, de modo acentuado desde a década de 1990, se interessa por um diálogo composicional fora do edifício teatral institucionalizado, ou seja, dirige-se ao mundo a céu aberto. As reflexões são tecidas tomando como exemplo algumas encenações, tais como Bom Retiro 958m (2012), Dias Felizes (1993), BR-3 (2006) e recorre aos estudos de pesquisadores como Besse (2014), Cauquelin (2007), Dias (2010) e Ingold (2015). Ao refletir sobre a paisagem como representação cultural, obra coletiva das sociedades, sua dimensão morfológica, seu sentido de experiência e como projeto, o estudo evidencia um complexo sistema de materiais, textos e sentidos que, aos olhos e interesses de um encenador, pode ser tomado como uma rede de dramaturgias em permanente interação e transformação.
Excellent Specific Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Anisotropic Freeze‐Cast Native and Carbonized Bacterial Cellulose‐Alginate Foams
Authors: Qiu Kaiyan , Wegst Ulrike G. K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNative and carbonized freeze‐cast bacterial cellulose‐alginate (BC‐ALG) foams possess an ice‐templated honeycomb‐like architecture with remarkable properties. Their unique pore morphology consists of two levels of porosity: 20–50 µm diameter pores between, and 0.01–10 µm diameter pores within the cell‐walls. The mechanical properties of the BC‐ALG foams, a Young's modulus of up to 646.2 ± 90.4 kPa and a compressive yield strength of up to 37.1 ± 7.9 kPa, are high for their density and scale as predicted by the Gibson–Ashby model for cellular materials. Carbonizing the BC‐ALG foams in an inert atmosphere at 1000–1200 °C in a second processing step, both pore morphology and mechanical properties of the BC‐ALG remain well preserved with specific mechanical properties that are higher than those reported in the literature for similar foams. Also the electrical conductivity of the BC‐ALG foams is high at 1.68 ± 0.04 S cm−1 at a density of only 0.055 g cm−3, and is found to increase with density as predicted, and as a function of the degree of carbonization determined by both carbonization temperature and atmosphere. The property profile makes freeze‐cast BC‐ALG foams and their carbonized foams attractive for energy applications and as a sorbent.
N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone Iodide as Functional Precursor Additive for Record Efficiency 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 Solar Cells
Authors: Li Zhizai , Ma Bo , Xu Youkui , Lei Yutian , Lan Wei , Wang Gang , Li Wenquan , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hao‐Li , Jin Zhiwen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract2D perovskite (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 (PEA: phenylethylammonium) exhibits more strengthened phase stability than its 3D components under ambient conditions and hence gained great attention in recent years. However, uncontrollable crystallization kinetics in (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 leads to difficulty in controlling film morphology and phase‐orientation regulation, resulting in poor power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, by incorporating precursor additive N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone iodide (NMPI), the crystallization rate during the deposition of (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 film is efficiently regulated. As a result, the 2D or quasi‐2D perovskite solar cell (PSC) delivers record PCEs in all reported 2D or quasi‐2D CsPbX3 families, for instance, the quasi‐2D (n = 20) CsPbI3 PSC exhibits a record PCE of 14.59%, showing significantly enhanced stability. Detailed characterization reveals that the NMPI forms hydrogen bonds with dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI) in the precursor to control crystallization rate for a smooth morphology with small fluctuation, which leads to improved carrier lifetime and reduced trap‐density. More importantly, femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) measurements confirm an improved phase purity and the suppressed nonradiative recombination in quasi‐2D perovskite film. It is believed that this simple additive strategy paves a new route for solving phase transition and crystallization kinetic problems in 2D and quasi‐2D CsPbX3.
Inert Mask Lithography of Edge Narrowed Graphene Nanoribbons Directly Contacted to Metallic Electrodes
Authors: Arjmandi‐Tash Hadi , Bellunato Amedeo , van der Ham Alex , Schneider Grégory F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPatterning graphene into strips with nanometer‐scale widths, i.e. graphene nanoribbons, is an effective approach to customize different properties of the material. Narrowing a large sheet of graphene via conventional top‐down approaches meets the intrinsic resolution limitations of lithography. Process residuals as a result of using sticky polymeric templates may also influence the performance of the eventual device, in addition to altering the chemistry of the ribbons. Here, a facile approach for pattering graphene nanoribbons via an inert metallic mask lithography is reported. The masks are prepared by the microtomy of metallic thin films, embedded within polymeric scaffolds and precisely deposited on top of a graphene monolayer. The inertness of the masks allows the precise narrowing of the graphene under different etching environments, permitting the control over the edge chemistry. Remarkably a mild ultrasonication is enough to remove the mask entirely at the end of the process, without leaving any residue. For electronic applications, however, partial removal of the metallic mask using a laser power, in situ realizes a pair of electrodes, hence avoiding the often difficult issue of electrode alignment. The method proposes a simple and direct approach towards the design of chemically tailored, scalable, and electrically connected graphene nanoribbons.
Effect of Host Generation on the Luminescent and Charge Transporting Properties of Solution Processed OLEDs
Authors: Gao Mile , Jang Junhyuk , Leitner Tanja , Mai Van T. N. , Ranasinghe Chandana S. K. , Chu Ronan , Burn Paul L. , Pivrikas Almantas , Shaw Paul E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) is a commonly used host material for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). TCTA has poor solubility and hence to improve solubility the authors have synthesized first‐ and second‐generation TCTA‐based dendrimers with n‐propyl surface groups. These dendrimeric TCTA hosts have improved solubility and similar photophysical properties to TCTA. The hole mobility of solution‐processed TCTA is found to be an order of magnitude less than films formed by evaporation and similar to that of the two dendronized TCTAs (mobilities in the order of 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1). The hole mobility in the films is found to decrease when a green emissive first‐generation light‐emitting dendrimer is blended with the host materials due to charge trapping on the emissive guest. In the case of the second‐generation host, there is evidence of a degree of phase separation in the film. Organic light‐emitting diodes are fabricated at guest concentrations corresponding to the maximum observed photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and lowest hole mobility. It is found that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) does not always scale with the PLQY, leading to devices that have EQEs higher than expected based on the PLQY and outcoupling of light from a bottom emitting device.
Localized and Surface Plasmons Coupling for Ultrasensitive Dopamine Detection by means of SPR‐Based Perylene Bisimide/Au Nanostructures Thin Film
Authors: Pagano Rosanna , Syrgiannis Zois , Bettini Simona , Ingrosso Chiara , Valli Ludovico , Giancane Gabriele , Prato Maurizio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDopamine (DA) is an important catecholamine neurotransmitter involved in neural and hormonal functions. Neural diseases, as Parkinson's, are connected to a significant lowering of DA concentration to picomolar levels in cerebrospinal fluid. So, in this contribution, a hybrid active layer based on a perylene bisimide (PBI) derivative and multishaped Au nanostructures is proposed for the development of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) dopamine detection system. PBI molecules, transferred as thin film by the dip coating approach, are demonstrated to be able to detect dopamine down to 10–12 m by SPR method. The presence of Au nanostructures promotes an important surface enhanced Raman scattering effect of Raman PBI signals highlighting a strong energetic communication between the two species. In this way, when PBI/Au nanostructures (AuNS) films are deposited by the layer‐by‐layer method and used for DA SPR detection, the sensitivity toward dopamine 10−12 m is doubled. The PBI/AuNS hybrid layer is able to detect picomolar concentration of dopamine, due to the coupling of localized (AuNS) and propagating surface plasmons on SPR slide. In particular, an interfacial coupling among localized surface plasmon resonance on AuNS and the propagating plasmon on Au thin film (of SPR slide) can be promoted.
In Situ and Operando Analyses of Reaction Mechanisms in Vanadium Oxides for Li‐, Na‐, Zn‐, and Mg‐Ions Batteries
Authors: Park Sul Ki , Dose Wesley M. , Boruah Buddha Deka , De Volder Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to their diversity in the composition, lattice structures and physical/chemical properties, and various oxidation states (2+, 3+, 4+, and 5+), (VxOy) nanomaterials have attached much attention for developing new rechargeable batteries, including lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs), zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), and magnesium‐ion batteries (MIBs) as well as new energy storage concepts such as light‐rechargeable batteries. However, to further improve the electrochemical performance of VxOy‐based batteries, it is crucial to understand the various electrochemical mechanisms taking place in these materials for LIBs, NIBs, ZIBs, and MIBs. This review covers a systematical discussion of in situ and operando analysis methods carried out on V2O5, VO2, LixVyOz, NaxVyOz, ZnxVyOz, and MgxVyOz for LIBs, NIBs, ZIBs, and MIBs and the fundamental insights they have provided in the energy storage mechanisms in these batteries.
Surface Local Polarization Induced by Bismuth‐Oxygen Vacancy Pairs Tuning Non‐Covalent Interaction for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Di Jun , Chen Chao , Zhu Chao , Long Ran , Chen Hailong , Cao Xingzhong , Xiong Jun , Weng Yuxiang , Song Li , Li Shuzhou , Li Huaming , Xiong Yujie , Liu Zheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe inefficient charge separation and lack of active sites have been regarded as the main obstacles limiting the CO2 photoreduction efficiency. It is highly desirable but challenging to create a local polarization field to accelerate charge separation and build reactive sites for CO2 reduction dynamics. Herein, atomic level bismuth‐oxygen vacancy pairs are engineered into Bi24O31Br10 (BOB) atomic layers to create a local polarization field. It facilitates photogenerated electrons to migrate from BOB to vacancy pair sites and favors the activation of CO2 molecules. Simultaneously, it works as reactive sites to tune the non‐covalent interaction of intermediates and optimizes the reaction process. The vacancy pairs tuned surface atomic structures enable the formation of a highly stable Bi−C−O−Bi intermediate state and consecutive Bi−C−O intermediate, thus changing the rate‐determining step from CO* formation to COOH* formation. Benefiting from these features, the VBiO‐BOB delivers a 20.9‐fold CO2 photoreduction activity enhancement relative to highly crystalline BOB in pure water with highly stability. This work provides new insights for the design of a vacancy pair to create local polarization and tune the non‐covalent interaction.
Reclaiming the mission of academic medicine: An examination of institutional responses to (anti)racism
Authors: Sotto‐Santiago Sylk , Sharp Sacha , Mac Jacqueline , Messmore Niki , Haywood Antwione , Tyson Michele , Yi Varaxy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThe utility of institutional statements is said to provide clarity and reinforcement of an institution's goal. Unfortunately, it can also be argued that these statements are in clear misalignment between the words described and the environments that faculty, students, trainees, and staff of color face. The purpose of this study was to analyze academic medicine institutional statements that responded to 2020 racial tensions following the murders of George Floyd, among others, and the subsequent nationwide protests against police brutality.MethodsWe conducted a manifest content analysis of institutional statements generated by academic medical centers after George Floyd's murder. We used manifest content analysis to gain insights into how institutional statements connect structural racism to the mission of academic medicine. We collected and examined institutional statements from 26 academic medicine centers. Selection parameters included statements that were publicly available and published by the institutions during a 2‐week period. We conducted a four‐stage analysis: decontextualization, recontextualization, categorization, and compilation. To better understand the collection of statements, we plotted these institutional statements according to the most salient discussed themes.ResultsOverall, institutional statements discussed racism through three subthemes: identifying the racial implications of health disparities, issuing a call to action to address racism, and decentering race. Absent language is also noted. Second, institutional statements evoked institutional values by expressing an explicit connection with the academic medicine mission, naming the value of social justice, and emphasizing the concept of community. Finally, institutional statements largely discussed public health in connection with racism or with institutional values.ConclusionOur study determines a much‐needed reconnection to the mission of academic medicine. Reclaiming the social mission will be a major step toward recentering the foundation of institutional actions. This call is what ultimately will improve the health and well‐being of marginalized populations.