bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of a Controlled Service Platform: Proposals for an Optimal Layout
Authors: Eschenauer H. , Neuser P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As an example of complex systems a controlled service platform is treated, for which an improved design has to be determined. Two substitute models that simplify the real system to a different degree are employed for the calculation of the structural responses by means of the Finite-Element (FE)-Method. The structural analyses are limited to the consideration of the system’s free vibration behaviour, as well as the displacements and stresses in an extreme load case, called bumper impact. A further system reduction is achieved by using sub-structuring and the reduction according to Guyan. The structural optimization problem is solved by means of the optimization procedure SAPOP that is based on the so-called Three-Columns-Concept. Results are given for a design optimized with respect to mass, first eigenfrequency, and stress.
Qualitative Evaluation of Engineering Designs Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Roy Rajkumar , Parmee Ian C. , Purchase Graham 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper describes a Qualitative Evaluation System developed using a fuzzy expert system. The evaluation system gives a qualitative rating to design solutions by considering manufacturability aspects, choice of materials and some special preferences. The information is used in decision support for engineering design. The system is an integrated part of a decision support tool for engineering design called the ‘Adaptive Search Manager’ (ASM). ASM uses an adaptive search technique to identify multiple design solutions for a 12 dimensional Turbine Blade Cooling System design problem. Thus the task has been to develop a fuzzy expert system that can qualitatively evaluate any design solution from a design space using a realistically small number of fuzzy rules. The developed system utilises a knowledge separation and then a knowledge integration technique. The design knowledge is first separated into three categories: inter variable knowledge, intra variable knowledge and heuristics. Inter variable knowledge and intra variable knowledge are integrated using a concept of “compromise”. The qualitative evaluation system can evaluate any design solution within the 12 dimensional design space, but uses only 44 fuzzy rules and one function that implements the inter variable knowledge.
Recent Refinements in the Multi-Point Approximation Method in Conjunction With Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Authors: van Keulen Fred , Toropov Vassili , Markine Valery 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Application of the Multi-point Approximation Method (MAM) to structural optimization is considered. Structural analyses are performed by means of the finite element method with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR). The required discretization errors are changed during the optimization process to achieve a higher computational efficiency.
A straightforward combination of the MAM and AMR may yield complications, which are discussed in detail. Therefore, several modifications in the MAM are necessary. An alternative strategy for determining the explicit approximation functions using a weighted least-squares fitting is proposed. The applied weight coefficients reflect the levels of the discretization errors. The approximation functions are fitted with a sub-set of the available structural response analyses. An alternative move limit strategy is given.
On the basis of several numerical examples it is shown that the proposed modifications improve the convergence characteristics of the MAM when combined with AMR. Moreover it is demonstrated that the proposed refinements are also beneficial for optimization of systems with noisy objective and constraint functions.
Sensitivity Analysis for Optimization of Flexible Multi-Body Systems
Authors: Behar Linda , Braibant Vincent 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A method for the sensitivity analysis of the dynamic transient response of flexible multi-body systems is presented. The main objectives in developing the method are: 1) to reduce cost and achieve accuracy of the sensitivity analysis, 2) to develop a performent tool for the sensitivity analysis and the optimization of flexible multi-body systems. Practical applications are located in the automotive industry, with the optimization of the driving behavior of vehicles and in the aerospace industry. The method consists in solving simultaneously the dynamic and the sensitivity problem. Two simple examples are presented to demonstrate the method, one for a dynamic response problem, and the second one for a kinematic problem.
A Direct Displacement Solution to the Dodecahedron Variable Geometry Truss Manipulator
Authors: Xu Li-Ju , Yang Sui-Xian , Zhou Zhao-Fei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Homotopy continuation algorithms for solving the direct position problem of the dodecahedron variable geometry truss manipulator are proposed in this paper. The homogeneous equations and the division of groups are presented which give the lowest Bezout number. The solution procedure is given in detail. A numerical example is presented for illustration.
Computerized Design, Generation and Simulation of Meshing and Contact of Modified Flender Worm-Gear Drives
Authors: Seol I. H. , Litvin Faydor L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The worm and worm-gear tooth surfaces of existing design of Flender gear drive are in line contact at every instant and the gear drive is very sensitive to misalignment. Errors of alignment cause the shift of the bearing contact and transmission errors.
The authors propose :
(1) Methods for computerized simulation of meshing and contact of misaligned worm-gear drives of existing design
(2) Methods of modification of geometry of worm-gear drives that enable to localize and stabilize the bearing contact and reduce the sensitivity of drives to misalignment
(3) Methods for computerized simulation of meshing and contact of worm-gear drives with modified geometry
The proposed approach was applied as well for the involute (David Brown) and Klingelnberg type of worm-gear drives. Numerical examples that illustrate the developed theory are provided.
Assembly Modeling and Sequence Planning Based on the Kinematics of Features
Authors: Ling Zhi-Kui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A feature-based model is proposed for assembly sequence planning automation. The fundamental assembly modeling strategy for a product is based on the mating features of its components. The objectives of this study are to integrate assembly planning of a product with its CAD model, generate a correct and practical assembly sequence, and establish a software system to carry out the planning process. A disassembly approach in assembly planning is used in this study. The degree of freedom information between two mating features is used to characterize their kinematic conditions. The intersection calculation of the degrees of freedom on all features of a component provides its local degree of freedom which is used to set up functional precedence relationship. In some cases where functional precedence relationship can not be detected by geometric reasoning, clipping of the known “common sense” relationship is applied by an user. A bounding box checking approach is used to ensure no global collision during assembly. Furthermore, a set of criteria and heuristic rules based on assembly feasibility, manipulability, assembly direction, cost and stability is used to choose a good assembly sequence.
Multiple Criteria Optimization of Finish Turning Operations Based on a Hybrid Model
Authors: Da Z. J. , Sadler J. P. , Jawahir I. S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper a multiple criteria optimization method is used to achieve the optimum selection of cutting conditions and tool inserts for finish turning operations. The utility function which maps criterion vectors into the real line is constructed based on tool-life and material removal rate. This unified objective function serves as an arbiter balancing the values of the individual objective functions. Different formats of utility functions are developed and their physical significance is analyzed. Other major machining performance characteristics such as surface roughness, cutting force, power requirements and chip breakability are used as constraints to define acceptable limits on these criteria, along with the limits on the ranges of the process variables. A hybrid process model which uses combinations of the metal cutting theories and an expandable database of experimental results is used to describe the interrelationships between the machining performance criteria and the process variables. Nonlinear programming techniques coupled with numerical methods for data interpolation are then applied to identify optimum process conditions for a given tool insert. Furthermore, for any specified application a cutting tool can be selected through comparative analyses. A sample case for a typical tool insert was studied and the results are presented.
Motion Planning With Convex Swept Volume Segments
Authors: Wu Chiusheng , Mayne Roger W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a swept volume approach for distance-to-contact computation in motion planning. The approach is based on approximating the swept volumes of moving objects with convex segments formulated for the use of quadratic programming in distance-to-contact calculations. This swept volume strategy is designed to conservatively estimate the distance-to-contact between moving and static objects and is well suited for the planning of motions using optimization methods. It has been adapted to obtain convenient distance-to-contact gradient information which is an important factor in the application of efficient optimization algorithms to the motion planning process. The paper describes the generation of the swept volume segments and applies the process to examples of robot motion planning in three dimensions using an SQP optimization strategy.
Reliability Modeling in Design for Remanufacture
Authors: Shu Lily H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Remanufacture involves the production-batch disassembly, cleaning, replacement and refurbishment of worn parts in defective or obsolete products. For appropriate products, remanufacture offers significant economic and ecological advantages over other end-of-life options. Since the essential goal of remanufacture is part reuse, the reliability of components is important. The goal of this work is to consider reliability effects on life-cycle costs to enable design for reuse.
A reliability model is developed to describe systems that undergo repairs performed during remanufacture or maintenance. First, the behavior of the model and preliminary experimental verification of the model are described. The model allows replacement of failed parts with both the same and different types of parts. An example simulation applied the reliability model to compare the effects on life-cycle cost of various combinations of mechanical components in a series system.
Quantifying Design and Manufacturing Robustness Through Stochastic Optimization Techniques
Authors: Kazmer David , Barkan Philip , Ishii Kosuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Critical design decisions are often made during the detailed design stage assuming known material and process behavior. However, in net shape manufacturing processes such as stamping, injection molding, and metals casting, the final part properties depend upon the specific tool geometry, material properties, and process dynamics encountered during production. As such, the end-use performance can not be accurately known in the detailed design stage. Moreover, slight random variations during manufacture can inadvertently result in inferior or unacceptable product performance and reduced production yields. These characteristics make it difficult for the designer to select the tooling, material, and processing details which will deliver the desired functional properties, let alone achieve a robust design which is tolerant to process variation.
This paper describes a methodology for assessing the design/manufacturing robustness of candidate designs at the detailed design stage. In the design evaluation, the fundamental sources of variation are explicitly modeled and the effects conveyed through the manufacturing process to predict the distribution of end-use part properties. This is accomplished by utilizing optimization of manufacturing process variables within Monte Carlo simulation of stochastic process variation, which effectively parallels the industry practice of tuning and optimizing the process once the tool reaches the production floor. The resulting estimates can be used to evaluate the robustness of the candidate design relative to the product requirements and provide guidance for design and process modifications before tool steel is cut, as demonstrated by the application of the methodology for dimensional control of injection molded parts.
Designing for Material Separation: Lessons From Automotive Recycling
Authors: Coulter Stewart , Bras Bert , Winslow Gerald , Yester Susan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Virtually all of the material in today’s automobiles can technically be recycled. The challenge facing engineers is making this recycling process economical, especially for materials in such components as seats and instrument panels. Recycling these components requires the different materials to be separated so that each can be recycled individually. This separation can be accomplished either manually, where workers disassembly and sort the vehicle components by hand, or mechanically, where the vehicle is shredded and the materials sorted by properties such as conductivity and density. In this paper, the usefulness of including likely separation techniques in DFR guidelines is discussed. Three vehicles were dismantled at the VRDC as part of an effort to establish a baseline of current vehicle recyclability. Concurrently, this allowed examination of the effectiveness of the early design for recycling (DFR) efforts. The applicability of common design guidelines to the two types of separation is discussed, and a simple method for determining the appropriate separation process in the early stages of design is presented.
Enhancing Design for Disassembly: A Benchmark of DFD Software Tools
Authors: Hrinyak Matthew J. , Bras Bert , Hoffman William F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Manufacturers are becoming responsible for their products when they reach the end of their operational lives. Disassembly will be an integral part of this new responsibility. The logical remedy is to begin including design for disassembly guidelines and analyses in existing product design processes. Software tools have been and continue to be developed to perform such analyses. However, not all of these tools are of equal caliber and we cannot expect designers to use all of the tools that are available to them. In this paper, we examine four existing software tools available to designers for inclusion in their design processes. We compare the results from each of the software tools and show how the growing pool of potential software tools can be prioritized according to how they best meet the needs of designers.
An Investigation of Vector and Parallel Processing Applied to Solid Modeling
Authors: Pai Navin , Henderson Mark 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Solid modeling is a very useful industrial tool in the manufacture and design of industrial parts and assemblies. As a tool in the industrial workplace it has to be able to respond quickly to changes in design. To do this, the intersection algorithms between the solids have to be speeded up. Optimizations such as vector and parallel processing traditionally supported by supercomputers have the potential to solve this problem.
A solid modeler was developed based on the boundary representation approach using a half-edge data structure. Those parts of the solid modeler code that could be vectorized were identified. A method was tested which allows loops involving linked lists to vectorize. It was also shown that this solid modeler has an inherent parallelism that can be exploited. Results are presented for vectorization and parallelization. The practical limits to both vectorization and parallelization are highlighted. Improvements to the geometric intersections algorithms are suggested to take advantage of vector and parallel processing. Results of the speedups possible using these algorithms are presented.
Plan-Based Evaluation of Designs for Microwave Modules
Authors: Hebbar Kiran , Smith Stephen J. J. , Minis Ioannis , Nau Dana S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes EDAPS, an integrated system for designing and planning the manufacture of microwave modules. Microwave modules are complex devices having both electrical and mechanical properties, and EDAPS integrates electrical design, mechanical design, and process planning for both the mechanical and electrical domains.
Since EDAPS generates process plans concurrently with design, we are developing ways for EDAPS to provide feedback about manufacturability, cost, and lead time to the designers, based on the process plans to be used in the manufacture of their designs.
Detection and Prevention of Gouging in Multi Axis Machining of Freeform Surfaces
Authors: Elber Gershon , Cohen Elaine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The detection of gouging and collisions in multi-axis machining is a profoundly difficult problem that prohibits its wide spread practical use. In this paper, we investigate the use of symbolic tools to detect tool gouging in 5-axis machining tool-path of sculptured surfaces. Further, we also present a heuristic approach to eliminate the gouging, whose result is a gouge free 5-axis toolpath.
Function Driven Design Selection of Plastic Injection Molding Features
Authors: Wood Stephen L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Capturing the basic reasoning of why and how a design is developed is important in fully preserving and documenting the design of industrial products. To maintain captured design information and reuse the information during solution retrieval requires different types of information transferral and preservation than those traditionally used in CAD systems. This paper develops the basic database structure for preserving and transferring the design information along with using the reasoning (functional properties) in the search for solutions. The basis for this paper was the development of an architecture for a function driven mechanical design solution library that can be applied to multiple design areas. The solution library uses a specific architecture to maintain and transfer the information between features. The architecture allows the designer to retrieve saved solutions to a CAD system through the desired functional parameters, transfer the retrieved solution’s information, and to capture the reasoning or intent of the design during development.
Virtual Mechanical Assembly on a PC-Based System
Authors: Pere E. , Langrana N. , Gomez D. , Burdea G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a virtual reality system in which the user can perform assembly tasks in a simulated workshop. This PC-based VR system integrates a force feedback device, the Rutgers Master II. It allows the user to feel the interaction with virtual tools and makes the training task in a synthetic environment closer to reality. The application also allows object manipulation with mechanical behavior, navigation, collision detection and other features.
Iterative Part Design With a Virtual Reality Interface
Authors: Trika S. N. , Banerjee P. , Kashyap R. L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A virtual reality (VR) interface to a feature-based computer-aided design (CAD) system promises to provide a simple interface to a designer of mechanical parts, because it allows intuitive specification of design features such as holes, slots, and protrusions in three-dimensions. Given the current state of a part design, the designer is free to navigate around the part and in part cavities to specify the next feature. This method of feature specification also provides directives to the process-planner regarding the order in which the features may be manufactured.
In iterative feature-based design, the existing part cavities represent constraints as to where the designer is allowed to navigate and place the new feature. The CAD system must be able to recognize the part cavities and enforce these constraints. Furthermore, the CAD system must be able to update its knowledge of part cavities when the new feature is added. In this paper, (i) we show how the CAD system can enforce the aforementioned constraints by exploiting the knowledge of part cavities and their adjacencies, and (ii) present efficient methods for updates of the set of part cavities when the designer adds a new feature.
Design of MEMS via Efficient Simulation of Fabrication
Authors: Hubbard Ted J. , Antonsson Erik K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A novel model is introduced to simulate the fabrication of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems). This approach provides computationally efficient and geometrically accurate simulation results by hybridizing a geometrical and cellular approach. Existing simulation methods, including numerical and analytical models, are examined. Factors influencing simulation results, such as fabrication conditions and etching regimes, are introduced and discussed. Simulation examples are presented and non-ideal effects are considered.