bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speaker-Audience Interaction in Spoken Political Discourse : A Contrastive Parallel Corpus-Based Study of English-Persian Translation of Metadiscourse Features in TED Talks
Authors: Farahani Mehrdad Vasheghani , Kazemian Reza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetadiscourse features refer to those elements by which interaction between writer-reader and/or speaker-audience is constructed. Taking this into account, the objective of this contrastive parallel corpus-based study was to explore the way metadiscourse features were used and distributed in the English discourse and their translation in the Persian language as well as analyzing the speaker-audience interaction in translation. For this purpose, 30 different TED talks in politics were randomly selected to ensure the issues of corpus representativeness and balance. The corpus consisted of 21681 tokens in English and 21164 tokens in Persian. For classifying the metadiscourse features, the model introduced by Hyland (Metadiscourse: exploring interaction in writing. Continuum, London, 2005), whose model is classified into two main subcategories of interactive and interactional, was employed. The quantitative analysis showed that overall the number of interactional metadiscourse features was used more than that of the interactive ones in both corpora. Moreover, the results of the Chi-square test revealed that there was statistically no significant difference between the distributional pattern of metadiscourse features in English corpus and their Persian translation. The qualitative analysis revealed that there were four kinds of changes in translation as (im) explicit change, (dis)information change, (in) visibility change, and (de)emphasis change. Besides, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the corpus revealed that the interaction between the speakers of the TED talks and the audience did not change when metadiscourse features translated from English into Persian. The results of this research can be found useful for researchers in contrastive analysis, translation studies, and corpus-based translation studies.
Activated release of hexanal and salicylaldehyde from imidazolidine precursors encapsulated in electrospun ethylcellulose-poly(ethylene oxide) fibers
Authors: Shi Caihua , Jash Apratim , Lim Loong-Tak 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHexanal and salicylaldehyde are naturally-occurring antimicrobial volatiles from edible plants known for their efficacy for post-harvest preservation of fruits and vegetables. Due to their volatility and susceptibility to oxidation, these volatiles must be encapsulated within a carrier to control their release, especially when applied in modified atmnosphere and active packaging applications. In this study, salicylaldehyde precursor (SP; 1,3-dibenzylethane-2-hydroxyphenyl imidazolidine) and hexanal precursor (HP) were synthetized through a Schiff base reaction between these aldehydes and N,N’-dibenzylethane-1,2-diamine. The structure of SP was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. SP and HP, separately and in combinations, were encapsulated within ethylcellulose–poly(ethylene oxide) (EC–PEO) nonwoven membranes, using a free-surface electrospinning technique. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the fibers varied substantially with SP and HP ratio. Specific interactions between SP and HP with the polymers were not detected from the FTIR spectroscopy analysis, suggesting that the precursors were mainly physically entrapped within the EC–PEO fiber matrix. Headspace gas chromatography showed that the release of hexanal and salicylaldehyde could be activated by contacting the precursor-containing electrospun nonwoven with an acidified agarose gel containing 0.003–0.3 M of citric acid. The delivery system can be promising for controlled release of hexanal and salicylaldehyde to extend the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables.
A simple phenomenological approach for myocardial contraction: formulation, parameter sensitivity study and applications in organ level simulations
Authors: Cansız Barış , Woodworth Lucas A. , Kaliske Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContraction in myocardial tissue is the result of a complex process through which chemical energy on the cellular level is converted into the mechanical energy needed to circulate blood throughout the body. Due to its vital role for the organism, myocardial contractility is one of the most intensively investigated subjects in medical research. In this contribution, we suggest a novel phenomenological approach for myocardial contraction that is capable of producing realistic intracellular calcium concentration (ICC) and myocyte shortening graphs, can be easily calibrated to capture different ICC and contraction characteristics and, at the same time, is straightforward to implement and ensures efficient computer simulations. This study is inspired by the fact that existing models for myocardial contractility either contain a number of complex equations and material parameters, which reduce their feasibility, or are very simple and cannot accurately mimic reality, which eventually influences the realm of computer simulations. The proposed model in this manuscript considers first the evolution of the ICC through a logarithmic-type ordinary differential equation (ODE) having the normalized transmembrane potential as the argument. The ICC is further put into an exponential-type ODE which determines the shortening of the myocyte (active stretch). The developed approach can be incorporated with phenomenological or biophysically based models of cardiac electrophysiology. Through examples on the material level, we demonstrate that the shape of the ICC and myocardial shortening curves can be easily modified and accurately fitted to experimental data obtained from rat and mouse hearts. Moreover, the performance of the model in organ level simulations is illustrated through several multi-field initial-boundary value problems in which we show variations in volume-time relations, heterogeneous characteristics of myocardial contraction and application of a drug in a virtual left ventricle model.
Sustainability Narratives as Transformative Solution Pathways: Zooming in on the Circular Economy
Authors: D’Amato D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe circular economy can be understood as one of the sustainability narratives (along with, e.g., the bioeconomy, the green economy and the sharing economy), currently relevant in academia, business and policymaking. Sustainability narratives are characterized by a distinctive set of transferable and scalable solutions, addressing resource/services use and distribution in social-ecological-technical systems. Core solutions in the circular economy are technologically-driven improvements towards reductions of inputs/outputs in production and consumption systems. However, the conceptual diversity of the circular economy is such that it can, like other sustainability narratives, serve multiple sustainability discourses (e.g., ecological modernization, sustainable development and degrowth). In order to cater to societal needs within the planet’s biophysical boundaries, the contribution of the circular economy needs to be strengthened in regard to the protection of biodiversity and ecosystems and to the just distribution of resources, opportunities and prosperity. Socio-cultural change should be understood as complementary to technology- and private sector-driven solutions. While circular economy principles are meant to be translated into tailored micro- and macro- level strategies based on context-specific characteristics and needs, the causal connections between units or geographical regions are a crucial issue for sustainability. The overall co-evolution and harmonization of multiple narratives towards coherent sustainability pathways should strive towards decreasing dependence on fossil resources, reversing biodiversity loss and ecosystems degradation and enabling a quality life for all people. The conclusions of this article provide key points that can further guide analyses and implementation of the circular economy in the context of sustainability transformations.
High VHL Expression Reverses Warburg Phenotype and Enhances Immunogenicity in Kidney Tumor Cells
Authors: Zhu Songbiao , Ding Wenxi , Chen Yuling , Wang Weixuan , Xu Renhua , Liu Chongdong , Liu Xiaohui , Deng Haiteng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a frequently occurring renal cancer. The Von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor VHL, a known tumor suppressor gene, is frequently mutated in about 50% of patients with ccRCC. However, it is unclear whether VHL influences the progression of ccRCC tumors expressing wild-type VHL. In the present study, we found that higher expression of VHL was correlated with the better disease-free survival (DFS) in ccRCC patients using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. We revealed that VHL overexpression in ccRCC cells inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1)-regulated triglyceride synthesis, and cell proliferation. Proteomic analysis provided us a global view that VHL regulated four biological processes, including metabolism, immune regulation, apoptosis, and cell movement. Importantly, we found that VHL overexpression led to up-regulated expression of proteins associated with antigen processing and interferon-responsive proteins, thus rendering ccRCC cells more sensitive to interferon treatment. We defined an interferon-responsive signature (IRS) composed of ten interferon-responsive proteins, whose mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with DFS in ccRCC patients. Taken together, our results propose that the subset of ccRCC patients with high VHL expression benefit from immunotherapy.
A low‐light image enhancement method based on bright channel prior and maximum colour channel
Authors: Sandoub Ghada , Atta Randa , Ali Hesham Arafat , Abdel‐Kader Rabab Farouk 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLow‐light image enhancement algorithms have been introduced to improve the visual quality of low‐light images that may degrade the performance of many computer vision and multimedia systems designed for high‐quality images. However, the existing bright channel prior and maximum colour channel enhancement algorithms introduce halo artifacts and colour distortions while enhancing the images. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, an effective fusion‐based low‐light image enhancement algorithm is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the illumination of the low‐light image is estimated from both the bright and maximum colour channels to overcome the halo artifacts and colour distortion problems. Further, an effective refinement method is utilized to improve the sharpness of the initial enhanced image representing the scene reflectance. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover, the proposed algorithm reduces the halo artifacts and colour distortion and enhances the details while preserving the naturalness.
Discovery of new globular clusters in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
Authors: Minniti D. , Ripepi V. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Alonso-García J. , Smith L. C. , Lucas P. W. , Gómez M. , Pullen J. B. , Garro E. R. , Vivanco Cádiz F. , Hempel M. , Rejkuba M. , Saito R. K. , Palma T. , Clariá J. J. , Gregg M. , Majaess D. 
Published: February 2021

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) are witnesses of the past accretion events onto the Milky Way. In particular, the GCs of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy are important probes of an on-going merger.
Aims. Our main goal is to search for new GC members of this dwarf galaxy using the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Extended Survey (VVVX) near-infrared database combined with the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) optical database.
Methods. We investigated all VVVX-enabled discoveries of GC candidates in a region covering about 180 sq. deg. toward the bulge and the Sgr dwarf galaxy. We used multiband point-spread function photometry to obtain deep color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and luminosity functions (LFs) for all GC candidates, complemented by accurate Gaia-EDR3 proper motions (PMs) to select Sgr members and variability information to select RR Lyrae which are potential GC members.
Results. After applying a strict PM cut to discard foreground bulge and disk stars, the CMDs and LFs for some of the GC candidates exhibit well defined red giant branches and red clump giant star peaks. We selected the best Sgr GCs, estimating their distances, reddenings, and associated RR Lyrae.
Conclusions. We discover 12 new Sgr GC members, more than doubling the number of GCs known in this dwarf galaxy. In addition, there are 11 other GC candidates identified that are uncertain, awaiting better data for confirmation.
Diagnose und Differenzialdiagnose von peripheren und zentralen Schwindelsyndromen
Authors: Strupp Michael , Feil Katharina , Zwergal Andreas 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose der verschiedenen peripheren und zentralen Schwindelsyndrome basiert auf einer systematischen Anamnese und kombinierten klinischen Untersuchung der vestibulären, okulomotorischen und zerebellären Systeme. Die wichtigsten apparativen diagnostischen Verfahren sind der Video-Kopfimpulstest und die kalorische Testung. Die Diagnosestellung ist durch die neuen Diagnosekriterien der Bárány-Society vereinfacht worden (www.jvr-web.org/ICVD.html).
Primäre Rekonstruktion der ableitenden Tränenwege nach Trauma – bikanalikulonasale Schienung mit autostabilen Silikonverweilsonden
Authors: Heichel Jens , Struck Hans-Gert , Viestenz Arne 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungVerletzungen des medialen Lidwinkels können alle Abschnitte der ableitenden Tränenwege (TNW) involvieren. Je nach Alter der Patienten finden sich typische Verletzungsmuster. Die chirurgische Tränenwegsrekonstruktion durch 2 autostabile („selbsthaltende“) monokanalikulonasale Silikonverweilsonden soll anhand von 2 Fallberichten beschrieben werden. Ein 6 Jahre altes Mädchen zeigte infolge eines Hundebisses (Rottweiler) neben schwerwiegenden Kopfverletzungen eine tiefe periokuläre Weichteilwunde mit Tränenwegsbeteiligung. Der Canaliculus lacrimalis inferior war durchtrennt und der Canaliculus lacrimalis communis war vom Tränensack abgerissen. Schwerste Weichteilverletzungen ausgehend vom Unterlid erstreckten sich bis zur Wange und Nase. Mittels nahtfixierten monokanalikulonasalen Silikonverweilsonden und Kanalikulusnähten sowie einer schichtweisen Weichteilrekonstruktion wurden die TNW und das Lid rekonstruiert. 18 Monate postoperativ zeigt sich eine diskrete Depression der medialen Unterlidkante bei sonst guter Funktion. Der 2. Fall berichtet von einem 43 Jahre alten Fleischereifachangestellten, der sich mit einem Messer eine tiefe Wunde des medialen Lidwinkels zuzog. Bei dem erwachsenen Patienten waren beide Tränenröhrchen weit proximal (sakkusnah) sowie das mediale Lidbändchen und der M. orbicularis oculi durchtrennt. Nach Einbringen zweier monokanalikulonasaler Silikonverweilsonden wurde eine mikrochirurgische Rekonstruktion vorgenommen. Das Follow-up bei diesem Patienten beträgt 6 Monate. Klinisch und funktionell bestand abschließend bei beiden Patienten kein Anhalt für eine Tränenabflussstörung. Zeitgleich können mehrere Abschnitte der TNW verletzt sein. Das Erkennen und das korrekte Zuordnen des Verletzungsmusters in Hinblick auf Schädigungsart, ‑grad und die anatomische Lokalisation sind grundlegend für eine adäquate Rekonstruktion der TNW. Ein schichtweiser Wundverschluss von innen nach außen unter Berücksichtigung der topografischen Anatomie ist obligat. Die Wiederherstellung der funktionellen Einheit von Lidern und TNW ist hierbei anzustreben. Autostabile monokanalikulonasale Silikonverweilsonden können nach Trauma zur Schienung beider Tränenröhrchen sowohl bei Kindern als auch Erwachsenen zur Anwendung kommen.
Akuter ischämischer Schlaganfall und Troponinerhöhung: Diagnostische Abklärung und therapeutische Konsequenzen
Authors: Grassl Niklas , Baumann Stefan , Kruska Mathieu , Fatar Marc , Akin Ibrahim , Platten Michael , Borggrefe Martin , Alonso Angelika , Szabo Kristina , Fastner Christian 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungErhöhte Troponinwerte beim akuten ischämischen Schlaganfall sind ein häufiges klinisches Szenario, das vor dem Hintergrund der hohen kardialen Mortalität nach Schlaganfall eine angemessene diagnostische Aufarbeitung erfordert. Zur Vermeidung sekundärer intrazerebraler Hämorrhagien durch duale Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung sollte die Indikation zur Koronarintervention streng gestellt werden. Anhand dreier Fallbeispiele stellt diese Arbeit auf Grundlage der vorhandenen Evidenz einen diagnostischen Algorithmus vor.
Double Diabetes: A Growing Problem Requiring Solutions
Authors: Popovic Djordje S. , Papanas Nikolaos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe growing proportion of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with clinical features of insulin resistance (IR) has led to the description of a distinctive T1DM subgroup, still unrecognised by current guidelines, called double diabetes, assumingly associated with poorer metabolic phenotype and increased risk of micro- and macrovascular complications. The main goal of identifying double diabetes, estimated to be present in up to half of T1DM patients, is timely implementation of appropriate therapeutic interventions to reduce the increased risk of chronic complications and other adverse metabolic traits associated with this condition. Proposed diagnostic criteria are largely divided into three different groups: family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity/metabolic syndrome, and IR. Estimated glucose disposal rate may prove the most reliable marker of double diabetes. In addition to general measures (diet, physical activity, antihypertensive, and lipid-lowering medications, etc.) and development of new insulin preparations with more hepatic action, double diabetes patients may derive more benefit from agents developed for T2DM. Indeed, such potentially promising agents include glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose contrasporter-2 inhibitors, and their combination. We are now awaiting long-term trials assessing metabolic and vascular benefits of these medications in double diabetes.
Evidence that GPVI is Expressed as a Mixture of Monomers and Dimers, and that the D2 Domain is not Essential for GPVI Activation
Authors: Clark Joanne C. , Neagoe Raluca A. I. , Zuidscherwoude Malou , Kavanagh Deirdre M. , Slater Alexandre , Martin Eleyna M. , Soave Mark , Stegner David , Nieswandt Bernhard , Poulter Natalie S. , Hummert Johan , Herten Dirk-Peter , Tomlinson Michael G. , Hill Stephen J. , Watson Steve P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCollagen has been proposed to bind to a unique epitope in dimeric glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and the number of GPVI dimers has been reported to increase upon platelet activation. However, in contrast, the crystal structure of GPVI in complex with collagen-related peptide (CRP) showed binding distinct from the site of dimerization. Further fibrinogen has been reported to bind to monomeric but not dimeric GPVI. In the present study, we have used the advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques of single-molecule microscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), and mutagenesis studies in a transfected cell line model to show that GPVI is expressed as a mixture of monomers and dimers and that dimerization through the D2 domain is not critical for activation. As many of these techniques cannot be applied to platelets to resolve this issue, due to the high density of GPVI and its anucleate nature, we used Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to show that endogenous GPVI is at least partially expressed as a dimer on resting and activated platelet membranes. We propose that GPVI may be expressed as a monomer on the cell surface and it forms dimers in the membrane through diffusion, giving rise to a mixture of monomers and dimers. We speculate that the formation of dimers facilitates ligand binding through avidity.
Copper(I) Iodide Catalyzed Tandem Reactions of N-Propargyl-N-(2-iodoaryl)amides with Sodium Azide: An Efficient Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalines
Authors: Zhu Yinghong , Chen Wanli , Tu Xiangtu , Xu Mingxia , Chu Youqun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCopper-catalyzed reactions of N-propargyl-N-(2-iodoaryl)amides with sodium azide have been developed, providing a novel and efficient method for the synthesis of [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline compounds under mild conditions in moderate yields by tandem copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition and Ullmann-type coupling.
Gene Therapy for Inherited Bleeding Disorders
Authors: Arruda Valder R. , Weber Jesse , Samelson-Jones Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDecades of preclinical and clinical studies developing gene therapy for hemophilia are poised to bear fruit with current promising pivotal studies likely to lead to regulatory approval. However, this recent success should not obscure the multiple challenges that were overcome to reach this destination. Gene therapy for hemophilia A and B benefited from advancements in the general gene therapy field, such as the development of adeno-associated viral vectors, as well as disease-specific breakthroughs, like the identification of B-domain deleted factor VIII and hyperactive factor IX Padua. The gene therapy field has also benefited from hemophilia B clinical studies, which revealed for the first time critical safety concerns related to immune responses to the vector capsid not anticipated in preclinical models. Preclinical studies have also investigated gene transfer approaches for other rare inherited bleeding disorders, including factor VII deficiency, von Willebrand disease, and Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Here we review the successful gene therapy journey for hemophilia and pose some unanswered questions. We then discuss the current state of gene therapy for these other rare inherited bleeding disorders and how the lessons of hemophilia gene therapy may guide clinical development.