bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phytochrome B-PIF4-MYC2 Module Tunes Secondary Cell Wall Thickening in Response to Shaded Lighting
Authors: Luo Fang , Zhang Qian , Xin Hu , Liu Hongtao , Yang Hong-Quan , Doblin Monika S , Bacic Antony , Li Laigeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSecondary cell walls (SCW) in stem xylem cells provide mechanical strength and structural support for growth. SCW thickening is light- regulated and varies under different light growth conditions. Our previous study revealed that blue light enhances SCW thickening through the activity of MYC2 directed by CRYPTOCHROME1 (CRY1) signaling in stem xylary fiber cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the low ratio of red: far-red light (R:FR) of the shaded light condition inhibits SCW thickening in the inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis. Phytochrome B (PHYB) plays a dominant role in perceiving the R:FR balance. Under white and red-light conditions, phyB mutants display thinner SCWs in xylary fibers, but thicker SCWs are deposited in the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) quadruple mutant pif1pif3pif4pif5 (pifq), suggesting involvement of the PHYB-PIFs signaling module in regulating SCW thickening. Interaction of PIF4 with MYC2 affects MYC2 localization in nuclei and inhibits its transactivation activity on the NST1 promoter. Shade conditions mediate the PIF4 interaction with MYC2 to regulate SCW thickening. Genetic analysis confirms that the regulation of SCW thickening by PIFs is dependent on MYC2 function. Together, these data reveal a molecular mechanism for the effect of shaded light inhibition on SCW thickening in stems of Arabidopsis.
Spatial regulation of AMPK signaling revealed by a sensitive kinase activity reporter
Authors: Schmitt Danielle L. , Curtis Stephanie D. , Leung Allen , Zhang Jin-fan , Chen Mingyuan , He Catherine Y. , Mehta Sohum , Rangamani Padmini , Shaw Reuben J. , Zhang Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cellular energetics which coordinates metabolism by phosphorylating a plethora of substrates throughout the cell. But whether AMPK activity is regulated at different subcellular locations to provide precise spatial and temporal control over metabolism is unclear. Genetically encoded AMPK activity reporters (AMPKAR) have provided a window into spatial AMPK activity, but the limited dynamic range of current AMPKARs hinders detailed study. To monitor the dynamic activity of AMPK with high sensitivity, we developed a single-fluorophore AMPK activity reporter (ExRai AMPKAR) that exhibits an excitation ratiometric fluorescence change upon phosphorylation by AMPK, with over 3-fold greater response compared to previous AMPKARs. Using subcellularly localized ExRai AMPKAR, we found that the activity of AMPK at the lysosome and mitochondria are differentially regulated. While different activating conditions, irrespective of their effects on ATP, robustly yet gradually increase mitochondrial AMPK activity, lysosomal AMPK activity accumulates with much faster kinetics. Genetic deletion of the canonical upstream kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1) resulted in slower AMPK activity at lysosomes but did not affect the response amplitude at either location, in sharp contrast to the necessity of LKB1 for maximal cytoplasmic AMPK activity. We further discovered AMPK activity in the nucleus, which resulted from LKB1-mediated cytoplasmic activation of AMPK followed by nuclear shuttling. Thus, a new, sensitive reporter for AMPK activity, ExRai AMPKAR, in complement with mathematical and biophysical methods, captured subcellular AMPK activity dynamics in living cells and unveiled complex regulation of AMPK signaling within subcellular compartments.
HORmon: automated annotation of human centromeres
Authors: Kunyavskaya Olga , Dvorkina Tatiana , Bzikadze Andrey V. , Alexandrov Ivan A. , Pevzner Pavel A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent advances in long-read sequencing opened a possibility to address the long-standing questions about the architecture and evolution of human centromeres. They also emphasized the need for centromere annotation (partitioning human centromeres into monomers and higher-order repeats (HORs)). Even though there was a half-century-long series of semi-manual studies of centromere architecture, a rigorous centromere annotation algorithm is still lacking. Moreover, an automated centromere annotation is a prerequisite for studies of genetic diseases associated with centromeres, and evolutionary studies of centromeres across multiple species. Although the monomer decomposition (transforming a centromere into a monocentromere written in the monomer alphabet) and the HOR decomposition (representing a monocentromere in the alphabet of HORs) are currently viewed as two separate problems, we demonstrate that they should be integrated into a single framework in such a way that HOR (monomer) inference affects monomer (HOR) inference. We thus developed the HORmon algorithm that integrates the monomer/HOR inference and automatically generates the human monomers/HORs that are largely consistent with the previous semi-manual inference.
Engaging Europe’s employees: a complex problem with a simple solution
Authors: Sinyan Pa , Nink Marco 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to establish the state of employee engagement levels in Europe and offer insights into the reasons behind the current state of affairs. It proposes that management matters most out of all the factors influencing employee engagement, and that European organisations should therefore invest in equipping their leadership teams to provide employees with a positive experience of the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses data from the Gallup World Poll, which Gallup has used to conduct surveys of the world’s adult population, using randomly selected samples, since 2005. Covering more than 160 countries since its inception, the survey was conducted via computer-assisted telephone interviews in 2020 to account for COVID-compliant safety measures.

Findings
This paper provides insights into the engagement levels of European employees, which remained dismally low in 2020 as it has for the last decade. By far, the biggest influence on the state of employee engagement is leadership, which will require improvement if European organisations are to improve their employee engagement levels.

Originality/value
This paper fulfils the need for organisations to gain a better understanding of how to improve their employee engagement levels in the wake of a significant global crisis. Inspiring workplace cultures that maximise the well-being of every employee can help to reverse the decline of economic dynamism across the globe.
Reimagining This Creature: Hospitality and Autohagiography in the Visions of Margery Kempe
Authors: Fitzpatrick Joan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Book of Margery Kempe tells the apparently true story of a medieval wife and mother of fourteen children who, following religious conversion, leaves her old life behind in order to dedicate herself to God. Apparently dictated to scribes by Kempe herself, the Book traces her treatment at the hands of her contemporaries, many of them hostile to her claims of religious visions and her odd behaviour as a result. While there has been some critical work done on the significance of food and drink in the Book, little has been observed about the role of food and drink in Kempe's visions. Specifically, critics have hitherto overlooked how it is via food, drink and performing the role of hostess in her visions that Kempe presented herself as an active and valuable participant in the Christian narrative and thus worthy of sainthood. Kempe is often unfavourably compared to Julian of Norwich, the calm and intellectual mystic who lived the solitary and dignified life of the anchoress. This article argues that the two women are more alike than is usually acknowledged. Kempe too withdrew from the world in her visions, in order to play a role in the Christian story and so promote her special status as a holy woman and her own narrative as a work of late medieval autohagiography.
Water‐assisted cold isostatic pressing to enhance sinterability of alumina ceramics
Authors: Kermani Milad , Pouchly Vaclav , Lin Yong , Hu Chunfeng , Grasso Salvatore 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWater‐Assisted cold isostatic Pressing (WAP) enabled pressure‐less sintering of fine grained (0.6 μm) and nearly full dense (99.3%) weakly translucent alumina ceramics. As a term of comparison, Dry Pressed (DP) samples, prepared under identical processing conditions, maintained an opaque appearance, and their relative density did not exceed 97.7%. The enhanced compaction of WAP allowed to lower the sintering temperature down to 1350°C, which is approximately 100–150°C lower than that of DP powder. WAP samples resulted in an apparent activation energy for sintering (640 kJ/mol) matching literature values, confirming that the enhanced sinterability was attributed to an improved green density rather than a change in sintering mechanisms.
Creatinine reduction ratio on postoperative day 2 predicts long‐term outcomes after living donor kidney transplantation
Authors: Kinoshita Yoshitaka , Katano Saki , Nishida Sho , Shimizu Toshihiro , Fujimura Tetsuya , Kume Haruki , Iwami Daiki 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between the creatinine reduction ratio between postoperative days 1 and 2 and post‐transplantation clinical outcomes after living donor kidney transplantation.MethodsClinical data of patients who underwent living donor kidney transplantation at Jichi Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan, between 2006 and 2019 were retrieved. The creatinine reduction ratio between postoperative days 1 and 2 was calculated based on the formula: (Cre1 − Cre2) × 100/Cre1; patients were then classified into either the slow graft function (creatinine reduction ratio between postoperative days 1 and 2 ≤30%) or immediate graft function (creatinine reduction ratio between postoperative days 1 and 2 >30%) group. We carried out the log‐rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess graft survival and rejection‐free survival, and the unpaired t‐test and multivariate linear regression to assess post‐transplantation estimated glomerular filtration rates. Multivariate analyses used age, sex, dialysis duration, ABO compatibility, donor‐specific antibody positivity and medically complex living donors as explanatory variables.ResultsOf the 272 patients, 30 and 242 were in the slow graft function and immediate graft function groups, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed a significantly higher incidence of overall and death‐censored graft loss in the slow graft function group than the immediate graft function group. The frequency of rejection after 1 week post‐transplantation did not differ within the groups. Post‐transplantation estimated glomerular filtration rates tended to decline earlier in the slow graft function group than in the immediate graft function group; however, the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe creatinine reduction ratio between postoperative days 1 and 2 could potentially predict long‐term outcomes after living donor kidney transplantation. Using the creatinine reduction ratio between postoperative days 1 and 2 and other conventional indicators might allow accurate risk classification and appropriate therapeutic interventions.
Anti‐microtubule activity of the traditional Chinese medicine herb Northern Ban Lan (Isatis tinctoria) leads to glucobrassicin
Authors: Guan Pingyin , Zhou Jianning , Girel Sergey , Zhu Xin , Schwab Marian , Zhang Kunxi , Wang‐Müller Qiyan , Bigler Laurent , Nick Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) belongs to the most elaborate and extensive systems of plant‐based healing. The herb Northern Ban Lan (Isatis tinctoria) is famous for its antiviral and anti‐inflammatory activity. Although numerous components isolated from I. tinctoria have been characterized so far, their modes of action have remained unclear. Here, we show that extracts from I. tinctoria exert anti‐microtubular activity. Using time‐lapse microscopy in living tobacco BY‐2 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow 2) cells expressing green fluorescent protein‐tubulin, we use activity‐guided fractionation to screen out the biologically active compounds of I. tinctoria. Among 54 fractions obtained from either leaves or roots of I. tinctoria by methanol (MeOH/H2O 8:2), or ethyl acetate extraction, one specific methanolic root fraction was selected, because it efficiently and rapidly eliminated microtubules. By combination of further purification with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry most of the bioactivity could be assigned to the glucosinolate compound glucobrassicin. Glucobrassicin can also affect microtubules and induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. In the light of these findings, the antiviral activity of Northern Ban Lan is discussed in the context of microtubules being hijacked by many viral pathogens for cell‐to‐cell spread.
A prospective randomized controlled trial of Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser with topical 3% tranexamic acid (TA) versus microneedling with topical 3% tranexamic acid (TA) in treatment of melasma
Authors: Debasmita Behera , Raj Chinmoy , Ishan Agrawal , Ipsita Debata 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionTreatment of melasma is challenging. Topical TA has shown promising results as an adjuvant, when combined with microneedling or QS Nd:YAG laser. The efficacy of both combinations has been demonstrated but the efficacy between these two combinations has never been compared.Aim and ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and side effects of microneedling and QS Nd:YAG laser when combined with topical 3% TA gel.Materials and Methods60 patients were randomized into 2 groups. Group A received Nd:YAG laser sessions monthly with daily 3% TA gel while Group B underwent microneedling monthly with daily 3% TA gel. A total of 5 sessions were given with follow‐up after 2 months. Evaluation using modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI), Patient satisfaction score, and photography was done at baseline, 3rd session, 5th session, and final follow‐up.ResultsMean fall in mMASI at follow‐up in Group A was 5.12 ± 2.66 to 2.33 ± 1.33 and Group B was 4.60 ± 2.38 to 1.88 ± 1.08 (p < 0.001). Patient satisfaction score was not significantly different. Side effects of both interventions included erythema, pain, and burning sensation.ConclusionOur study shows equal efficacy of microneedling and QS Nd:YAG laser when combined with topical 3% TA gel in treating melasma without serious side effects. Microneedling has more downtime and maybe less preferable as a lunchtime procedure.
Impact of an oral gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist on severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a patient with breast cancer who received a sustained‐release gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist: A case report
Authors: Hanada Tetsuro , Kimura Fuminori , Kitazawa Jun , Morimune Aina , Murakami Takashi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPostoperative hormone therapy for hormone‐sensitive patients with breast cancer is important to prevent a recurrence. As hormone therapy does not induce infertility in patients, fertility‐preserving therapy is not provided during treatment. Here, however, we performed controlled ovarian stimulation and embryo freezing for fertility preservation under the influence of a sustained‐release gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist in a patient with breast cancer whose postoperative treatment plan was changed from hormone therapy to chemotherapy. After oocyte retrieval, the patient developed treatment‐resistant severe symptomatic ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Following treatment with oral gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist, her symptoms immediately improved, and she could receive chemotherapy on schedule.
Eleven angry men
Authors: Littlejohn Clayton 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile many of us would not want to abandon the requirement that a defendant can only be found guilty of a serious criminal offence by a unanimous jury, we should not expect epistemology to give us the resources we need for justifying this requirement. The doubts that might prevent jurors from reaching unanimity do not show that, say, the BARD standard has not been met. Even if it were true, as some have suggested, that rationality requires that a jury composed of epistemic peers should coalesce around one view about the defendant's guilt, the failure to reach unanimity might be a good reason to worry about the epistemic failings of some small number of jurors but no reason to worry that we've failed to protect the defendant from an unjustified imposition of, say, the risk against wrongful conviction. The arguments for the unanimity requirement will need to come from outside of epistemology.
Failure Mode Determination of American Petroleum Institute 12F Shop-Welded Tanks With a New Roof-to-Shell Junction Detail
Authors: Feng Heyi , Guzey Sukru 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The American Petroleum Institute (API) 12F is the specification for vertical, aboveground shop-welded storage tanks published by the API. The nominal capacity for the twelve tank designs given in the current 13th edition of API 12F ranges from 90 bbl. (14.3 m3) to 1000 bbl. (159 m3). The minimum required component thickness and design pressure levels are also provided in the latest edition. This study is a part of a series research project sponsored by API that dedicates to ensure the safe operation of API 12 series storage tanks. In this study, the twelve API 12F tank designs presented in the latest edition are studied. The elastic stress analysis was conducted following the procedures presented in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code 2019, Section VIII, Division 2 (ASME VIII-2). The stress levels at the top, bottom, and cleanout junctions subject to the design pressures are determined through finite element analysis (FEA). The bottom uplift subjected to design pressures are obtained, and the yielding pressure at the roof-shell and shell-bottom junctions are also determined. The specific gravity of the stored liquid is raised from 1.0 to 1.2 in this study. A new roof-shell attachment detail is proposed, and a 0.01 in. (0.254 mm) gap between the bottom shell course and the bottom plate is modeled to simulate the actual construction details. In addition, the flat-top rectangular cleanout presented in the current edition of API 12F is modeled. Moreover, various thickness combinations are considered to further investigate the effect due to different component thicknesses.
Boiling Enhanced Lidded Server Packages for Two-Phase Immersion Cooling Using Three-Dimensional Metal Printing and Metal Injection Molding Technologies
Authors: Chuang Jimmy , Yang Jin , Shia David , Li Y. L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In order to meet the increasing performance demand of high-performance computing and edge computing, thermal design power (TDP) of central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) needs to increase. This creates thermal challenge to corresponding electronic packages with respect to heat dissipation. In order to address this challenge, two-phase immersion cooling is gaining attention as its primary mode of heat of removal is via liquid-to-vapor phase change, which can occur at relatively low and constant temperatures. In this paper, an integrated heat spreader (IHS) with boiling enhancement features is proposed. Three-dimensional metal printing and metal injection molding (MIM) are the two approaches used to manufacture the new IHS. The resultant IHS with boiling enhancement features is used to build thermal test vehicles (TTV) by following the standard electronic package assembly process. Experimental results demonstrate that boiling enhanced TVs improved two-phase immersion cooling capability by over 50% as compared to baseline TTV without boiling enhanced features.
Spectroscopic and electrochemical approaches for the analysis of interaction between textile dye 231 and salmon sperm DNA
Authors: El-Shobaky Amira , Elshafey Reda , Radi Abd-Elgawad 
Published: October 2021

DNA is one of the most critical targets for many artificial agents listed as carcinogens. Most of them irreversibly bind to the DNA and induce genome mutation; therefore, it is vital to study the nature of binding of these molecules to anticipate their toxicity. The interaction between the textile dye reactive red 231 and salmon sperm double-stranded DNA (ss-dsDNA) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis spectroscopy). Changes in the anodic current signals of the dye were observed in the presence and absence of ss-dsDNA at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using CV. The diffusion coefficient (D) was found to be 2.2 × 10–7 and 9.5 × 10–8 cm2 s−1 from the CV data for the free dye and dye-DNA complex, respectively. Electrochemical and UV–vis spectroscopy indicated 1:1 complex formation of the dye with DNA. The binding constant (kb) between the dye and DNA was calculated to be 5.4 × 105 M–1 and 4.9 × 105 M–1 at pH 4.0 using CV and UV–vis spectroscopy, respectively. Overall, these results suggest that the dye binds to DNA through the combined effect of intercalation and electrostatic interactions. DNA damage was also detected through changes in the voltammetric behaviour of the dye.
Primary frequency control of large-scale PV-connected multi-machine power system using battery energy storage system
Authors: Rahman S. M. Imrat , Hazari Md. Rifat , Hani Sumaiya Umme , Pathik Bishwajit Banik , Mannan Mohammad Abdul , Mahfuz Asif , Alam Mohammad Khurshed , Hassan Md. Kamrul 
Published: October 2021

<span lang="EN-US">Large-scale grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) station are increasing rapidly. However, this large penetration of PV system creates frequency fluctuation in the grid due to the intermittency of solar irradiance. Therefore, in this paper, a robust droop control mechanism of the battery energy storage system (BESS) is developed in order to damp the frequency fluctuation of the multi-machine grid system due to variable active power injected from the PV panel. The proposed droop control strategy incorporates frequency error signal and dead-band for effective minimization of frequency fluctuation. The BESS system is used to consume/inject an effective amount of active power based upon the frequency oscillation of the grid system. The simulation analysis is carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC software to prove the effectiveness of the proposed droop control-based BESS system. The simulation result implies that the proposed scheme can efficiently curtail the frequency oscillation. </span>