bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Phylogenetic Information of Incomplete Sequence Data
Authors: Seo Tae-Kun , Gascuel Olivier , Thorne Jeffrey L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Widely used approaches for extracting phylogenetic information from aligned sets of molecular sequences rely upon probabilistic models of nucleotide substitution or amino-acid replacement. The phylogenetic information that can be extracted depends on the number of columns in the sequence alignment and will be decreased when the alignment contains gaps due to insertion or deletion events. Motivated by the measurement of information loss, we suggest assessment of the effective sequence length (ESL) of an aligned data set. The ESL can differ from the actual number of columns in a sequence alignment because of the presence of alignment gaps. Furthermore, the estimation of phylogenetic information is affected by model misspecification. Inevitably, the actual process of molecular evolution differs from the probabilistic models employed to describe this process. This disparity means the amount of phylogenetic information in an actual sequence alignment will differ from the amount in a simulated data set of equal size, which motivated us to develop a new test for model adequacy. Via theory and empirical data analysis, we show how to disentangle the effects of gaps and model misspecification. By comparing the Fisher information of actual and simulated sequences, we identify which alignment sites and tree branches are most affected by gaps and model misspecification. [Fisher information; gaps; insertion; deletion; indel; model adequacy; goodness-of-fit test; sequence alignment.]
Cost Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Subjective Tinnitus in Australia
Authors: Patel Niraj , Malicka Alicja N. , McGinnity Siobhan , Anderson Richard B. , Paolini Antonio G. , Crosland Paul 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to conduct an economic evaluation for the treatment of subjective tinnitus using different modalities of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in Australia.

Design:
A decision tree model was used to conduct a cost-utility analysis for CBT to determine the cost effectiveness for tinnitus treatments, in terms of cost per responder and cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), from a health system perspective using a 2-year time horizon. Meta-analysis was used to differentiate the levels of effectiveness between three delivery methods for CBT: individual face-to-face care (fCBT), group sessions (gCBT), and a supported internet program (iCBT). One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) explored the uncertainty surrounding model inputs and outcomes. Results were presented as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios compared with no treatment, and as net monetary benefit at a $50,000 willingness-to-pay threshold.

Results:
Compared with no treatment, the incremental cost per responder was $700 for gCBT, $871 for iCBT, and $1380 for fCBT. The base case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $35,363 per QALY for fCBT, $17,935 per QALY for gCBT, and $22,321 per QALY for iCBT compared with no treatment, although there was substantial uncertainty around the QALY gain for responders. Net monetary benefit was $356 (fCBT), $555 (gCBT), and $487 (iCBT), indicating the treatments were cost effective compared with no treatment. One-way sensitivity analysis revealed the results were most sensitive to the probability of a positive response to treatment and treatment length. The PSA found the probability of being cost effective compared with no treatment for gCBT was 99.8%, iCBT 98.4%, and fCBT 71.5% at a willingness-to-pay of $50,000 per QALY, although QALY gain remained at a fixed value in the PSA.

Conclusions:
CBT for tinnitus was likely to be cost effective compared with no treatment regardless of treatment modality, assuming they are not mutually exclusive. Of the interventions, gCBT was the lowest cost per responder and lowest cost per QALY. Internet CBT obtained comparable economic outcomes due to similar treatment effectiveness and cost. Group CBT and iCBT warrant greater adoption in clinical practice for the treatment of subjective tinnitus. Further research on preference-based utility measures for varying levels of tinnitus severity and the durability of treatment effect is required to enhance the quality of economic evaluation in this field.
Coccygectomy in the Treatment of Chronic Coccydynia
Authors: Kalstad Ante M. , Knobloch Rainer G. , Finsen Vilhjalmur 
Published: September 2021

Study Design.
This is a retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of this article was to evaluate the results of patients operated for chronic coccydynia, and determine any factors that could affect outcomes.

Summary of Background Data.
Patients with coccydynia who do not respond to conservative treatment will often profit from coccygectomy. Studies of results and complications vary considerably and often report on a limited number of patients. Methods. A total of 184 patients were operated with coccygectomy in our department and followed-up with questionnaires after a minimum of 1 year post-operatively. Treatment results were compared to their preoperative state, and any complications or reoperations were recorded and analyzed. Results. A total of 171 patients (93%) responded to final follow-up. The overall success rate was 71%, defined by patients being either completely well or much better at final follow-up. Furthermore, 89% off all patients would have consented to the operation if they had known the outcome in advance. The rate of post-operative infections was reduced from 10% to 2% by increasing the duration of prophylactic postoperative antibiotics from 24 to 48 hours (P = 0.018).

Conclusion.
Coccygectomy, for patients where conservative measures have failed, seems to give acceptable levels of success and high levels of patient satisfaction. The main complication after this procedure is infection, and the risk can be somewhat reduced by using antibiotic prophylaxis for 48 hours after surgery.

Level of Evidence.
4
Efficacy of Hounsfield Units Measured by Lumbar Computer Tomography on Bone Density Assessment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pinto Eduardo Moreira , Neves Joao Rocha , Teixeira Artur , Frada Ricardo , Atilano Pedro , Oliveira Filipa , Veigas Tania , Miranda Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Study Design.
Systematic review.

Objective.
This work aimed to compare the Hounsfield units (HU) value obtained from computed tomography and the t score of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the prediction of the lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD).

Summary of Background Data.
Several reports have found a correlation between HU and BMD values based on DXA. Using HUs to infer bone quality has a thorough clinical relevance as it could triage patients at risk for osteoporotic and fragility fractures or modify surgical indications.

Methods.
A systematic review in Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science was performed, using the following query: “hounsfield units” AND (“osteoporosis” OR “spine” OR “bone mineral density” OR “dual x-ray absorptiometry”). We included 18 cohort studies that compared HU value obtained from computed tomography and t score of DXA for predicting regional BMD.

Results.
A total of 18 studies were included, enrolling 5307 patients. The HU measurement was most frequently made at L1 (N = 3; 18.8%). The mean HU values differentiated based on BMD measured through DXA were reported in seven studies, with values from 54.7 to 130 for osteoporotic, 78.8 to 146 for osteopenic, and from 120.8 to 230 in normal patients. Eight studies identified thresholds for diagnosing osteoporosis through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, with values ranging from 0.66 to 0.96. Medium HU values reported as diagnostic of osteoporosis ranged between 110 and 150, after exclusion of the two papers presenting outlier values. We infer an HU interval value of 90.9 to 138.7 (95% CI, P
< 0.001) for the diagnosis osteoporosis.

Conclusions.
Present data evidence favorable results regarding the possibility of establishing a threshold value for osteoporosis diagnosis from CT measurements of HU. Prospective large-scale studies are needed to more robustly infer the possibility of quantifying BMD based on CT as a screening test and infer a prognostic value of the CT-based evaluation.

Level of Evidence: 2
Risk of gastric cancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ante Zharmaine , Ernst Pierre , Brassard Paul 
Published: August 2021

Objective
Owing to the potential role of the gut-lung axis in carcinogenesis, we assessed the incidence of gastric cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods
Using Quebec’s administrative databases, we assembled a cohort of 118 913 patients aged 40 years and older with COPD from 1995 to 2015. We calculated age-standardized incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for gastric cancer, comparing patients with COPD to the Quebec general population. We evaluated temporal changes in incidence by calculating annual percentage change (APC) and stratified the analysis by anatomical site.

Results
Between 1995 and 2015, 279 patients with COPD developed gastric cancer (54.0 cases per 100 000 person-years). The overall age-standardized incidence rate in patients with COPD was comparable to the general population (IRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.79–1.39). However, the IRR increased over time (APC, 4.40%; P = 0.0101), due to the growing rate of gastric cancer in patients with COPD (APC, 1.90%; P = 0.2666) and the declining rate in the Quebec population (APC, −2.40%; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The overall risk of gastric cancer in patients with COPD did not differ from the general population; however, the risk among patients has increased over the years. These findings provide insights as to whether long-term follow-up for gastric cancer risk in COPD is warranted.
Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Cosmetic Procedures on Consumers
Authors: Bastin Reena , Rajanala Susruthi , Maymone Mayra B.C. , De La Garza Henriette , Vashi Neelam A. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising is a prominent type of health care communication.

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to determine the impact of DTC advertisements on consumer opinion.

METHODS
A total of 203 participants were recruited from dermatology clinics at an urban academic center. Participants viewed 2 cosmetically oriented DTC advertisements, and prequestionnaires and postquestionnaires were administered to assess consumer opinion.

RESULTS
Postquestionnaire data highlight a 18.8% and 24.6% increase in participants reporting using commercials as an information source (p < .001) and seeking out additional medical knowledge (p < .001), respectively. After watching the advertisements, there was a 14.4% increase in participants who believed advertisements facilitate better discussions between patients and physicians (p < .001) and a 33% increase in patients reporting they would discuss the procedures with their doctors (p < .001). Of the participants, 60% believed the advertisements did not provide enough information about the possible risks of the product and 39.4% believed a physician was not required to perform cosmetic procedures.

CONCLUSION
Direct-to-consumer advertisements instill meaningful information to patients and promote patient–physician communication. They also seem to exaggerate the benefits while making the procedures seem simple and without risks, suggesting trained medical professionals are not needed for administration.
Use of Evidence-Based Technology to Assist the Behavioral Health Workforce
Authors: Heitkamp Thomasine , Schroeder Shawnda , Shogren Maridee , Harsell Christine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article provides examples of the application of technology transfer to improve the delivery of addiction prevention, treatment, and recovery. The article describes a case example of two regional Technology Transfer Centers (TTCs) focused on addiction and mental health. It illustrates the importance of cross-regional and network-wide activities as well as meaningful collaborations with other regional networks, professional associations, and state and federal entities. This article describes a model of identifying and delivering meaningful training and technical assistance (T/TA), which also advances interprofessional collaborations and shared ownership. The described model includes collaboration in assessing behavioral health T/TA needs and preference for delivery of T/TA. The case study presents the process of engaging providers and connecting them with content experts on emerging topics in the field of addiction. This work included T/TA around integrated care, co-occurring disorders, cultural humility and inclusion, and use of data to advance system care. The case also outlines the application and use of evidence-based translation models, including Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) and Communities of Practice.
The Effects of a Social Participation App on Seniors
Authors: HSU Pei-Ti , HO Chen-Shie , HO Ya-Fang , CHEN Jeu-Jung , CHEN I-Ju 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Advancements in medical care have increased the average life span in many countries, resulting in a generally longer postretirement life span. However, retirees may find it difficult to adapt to retirement. Therefore, encouraging retirees to engage with society is important.

Purpose
In this study, a senior social participation mobile software application (SSP-App) was developed to stimulate social participation among seniors with the goal of improving their social participation intentions and behaviors.

Methods
After developing the SSP-App based on user experiences, a quasi-experimental study was conducted. Participants were recruited from the Keelung Ren'ai Community Center. Next, Random Allocation Software Version 1.0.0 software was used to randomly allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The 54 participants in the experimental group took part in an SSP-App program, whereas the 53 participants in the control group did not participate in any experimental treatment program. Measurements were conducted at Week 4 (T1) and Week 12 (T2) to evaluate the effects. Data were collected using a demographic datasheet, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, Emotional and Social Support Scale, Social Participation Intention Scale, and Social Participation Behavior Scale. The generalized estimating equations method was used to determine intervention effectiveness.

Results
The SSP-App has six main functions, including an activity partner message board, an activity search function that provides information about different activities, a “Seniors Learning Kiosk” that provides useful information, transportation information, an activity planning and reminder system, and a “First-Aid Station.” Most participants in the SSP-App precursor test expressed approval. At T1, effects were observed in social participation intention only. However, at T2, effects were observed in both social participation intention and social participation behavior.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The SSP-App developed in this study uses information and communication technology and multiple strategies covering information provision, social support, education, and reminders. Social participation obstacles must be overcome to effectively provide seniors with social participation opportunities and improve their social participation.
The Lived Experiences of Parents Having a Child With a Brain Tumor During the Shared Decision-Making Process of Treatment
Authors: Huang Ting-Yu , Mu Pei-Fan , Chen Yi-Wei 
Published: September 2021

Background
A pediatric brain tumor requires multimodal therapy that can have serious effects on the ill child that can involve shared decision-making (SDM). Understanding this experience of SDM from the parents’ point of view is understudied.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the nature of lived experiences of parents during the SDM process when their child is being treated for a brain tumor.

Methods
This was a descriptive phenomenology study using in-depth interviews with parents who had a child with a brain tumor.

Results
Six major themes emerged: (1) early confusion associated with medical decision-making, (2) determining treatment via decision-making, (3) faith strengthening the direction of decision-making, (4) constructing consensus based on partnership, (5) adjusting lifestyle to coexist with the illness, and (6) positive energy and abundant support are able to open a window to the soul.

Conclusion
Shared decision-making is a process, and the experiences start with parental confusion about medical treatment. The process involves building a trusting relationship with health professionals that includes sharing medical treatment information and is eventually associated with normalizing the life of both the child and the rest of the family.

Implications for Practice
Trusting relationships and partnership are vital for SDM to be successful. It is essential during the SDM process to strengthen parental resilience by supplying sufficient information and to support parental efforts to normalize their family life.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Investigating the Pain-Relieving Effect of Interferential Current on Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Hussein Hisham M. , Alshammari Raghad S. , Al-Barak Sultana S. , Alshammari Norah D. , Alajlan Shahad N. , Althomali Omar W. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Interferential current is one of the most common electrotherapeutic modalities used in the treatment of painful conditions. Patients seeking medical help to reduce their musculoskeletal pain can be treated using interferential current.

Objective
The current review aimed to analyze the recently available information regarding the efficacy of interferential current in alleviating the pain of musculoskeletal origin.

Methods
This study used Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, and EBSCOas as data sources. The initial selection of the studies, thorough assessment of the full articles, and extraction of the necessary study characteristics were carried out by two independent reviewers. Another two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of each included trial against 39 criteria. These criteria were integrated from several popular scales. Pain intensity—measured using the visual analog scale, numeric pain rating scale, or McGill Pain Questionnaire—was the outcome of interest.

Results
This review included 35 trials of variable methodological quality from which 19 trials were selected for the meta-analysis. In general, interferential current alone versus placebo demonstrated a significant pain-relieving effect. On the other hand, interferential current showed no significant difference when added to standard treatment compared with placebo plus standard treatment or standard treatment alone. Similarly, interferential current showed no significant difference when compared with other single interventions (laser, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, cryotherapy).

Conclusions
Interferential current alone is better than placebo at discharge. However, the low number of studies raises suspicions about this conclusion. Interferential current alone or added to other interventions is not more effective than comparative treatments in relieving musculoskeletal pain.
An exact integral-to-sum relation for products of Bessel functions
Authors: Philcox Oliver H.E. , Slepian Zachary 
Published: September 2021

A useful identity relating the infinite sum of two Bessel functions to their infinite integral was discovered in Dominici
et al.
(Dominici
et al.
2012
Proc. R. Soc. A
468
, 2667–2681). Here, we extend this result to products of
N
Bessel functions, and show it can be straightforwardly proven using the Abel-Plana theorem, or the Poisson summation formula. For
N
= 2, the proof is much simpler than that of Dominici
et al.
and significantly enlarges the range of validity.
Mechanism of HS5-1 eRNA Regulation of Protocadherin α Cluster via R-loop Formation
Authors: Zhou Yuxiao , Xu Siyuan , Wu Qiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnhancers generate bidirectional noncoding enhancer RNAs that may regulate gene expression. At present, mechanisms of eRNA functions are not fully understood. Here, we report an antisense eRNA PEARL that is transcribed from the protocadherin α HS5-1 enhancer region. Through loss- and gain-of-function experiments with CRISPR/Cas9 DNA-fragment editing, CRISPRi, and CRISPRa strategies, in conjunction with ChIRP, MeDIP, and DRIP experiments, we find that PEARL regulates Pcdhα expression by forming local R-loop in situ within the HS5-1 enhancer region to promote long-distance chromatin interactions between distal enhancer and target promoters. These findings have important implications regarding mechanisms by which the HS5-1 enhancer regulates stochastic Pcdhα promoter choice in single cells in the brain.
So how to make group decisions? Arrow's impossibility theorem 70 years after
Authors: Nguyen Hung T. , Kosheleva Olga , Kreinovich Vladik 
Published: September 2021

PurposeIn 1951, Kenneth Arrow proved that it is not possible to have a group decision-making procedure that satisfies reasonable requirements like fairness. From the theoretical viewpoint, this is a great result – well-deserving the Nobel Prize that was awarded to Professor Arrow. However, from the practical viewpoint, the question remains – so how should we make group decisions? A usual way to solve this problem is to provide some reasonable heuristic ideas, but the problem is that different seemingly reasonable idea often lead to different group decision – this is known, e.g. for different voting schemes.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper we analyze this problem from the viewpoint of decision theory, the basic theory underlying all our activities – including economic ones.FindingsWe show how from the first-principles decision theory, we can extract explicit recommendations for group decision making.Originality/valueMost of the resulting recommendations have been proposed earlier. The main novelty of this paper is that it provides a unified coherent narrative that leads from the fundamental first principles to practical recommendations.