bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Political Resources: Applying the Advocacy Coalition Framework to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence
Authors: Wiley Kimberly Kay 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs politics becomes increasingly polarized, the value of collective political action becomes more visible and overt. Nonprofit organizations act collectively in pursuit of their policy goals in nearly all aspects of public policy. Understanding how nonprofits borne of social movements engage politically expands our insight into advocacy coalition behavior following seemingly effective social movements. The coalition’s leveraging of political resources provides us this insight. This study assesses the policy activities produced or maintained within a U.S. national domestic violence advocacy coalition over its lifetime to determine how and when resources were leveraged. A directed content analysis is conducted on historical data to capture the evolution of coalition activities over a 41-year period. The coalition’s emphasis on policy change waned over time as it achieved its policy goals. The coalition then leaned on its largest resources, mobilizable troops, and information to increasingly emphasize policy implementation and evaluation. These findings indicate thatwhenin the policy process coalitions leverage their political resources may be more important thanhowcoalitions leverage resources. Framing nonprofit political activity across the stages of the policy process can open doors to better use of scarce political resources.
Early Neolithic Husbandry in the Pre-Pyrenean Area. The Management of Herds at the Cova Colomera (Serra del Montsec, Spain) and Its Implications for the Early Occupation of the Region
Authors: Martín Patricia , Oms F. Xavier 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Cova Colomera is located in the pre-Pyrenees, at a central point of a set of natural paths traditionally used by shepherds for herd movements. The Early Neolithic occupations documented in this cave (5250–4780 cal. BC) make it a key point for understanding the beginning of husbandry in the area. In this work, we present a zooarchaeological study of the macrofaunal remains recovered from these Early Neolithic occupations of the Cova Colomera. As observed at other sites in the region, the herds that occupied the Cova Colomera were mainly composed of domestic sheep and goats, raised for their milk and meat. Cattle, as well as a variety of wild animals, served as a food supplement and a source of secondary resources. The low number of recovered remains is interpreted as evidence of the low intensity and/or short duration of the occupations, which would have taken place at different times of the year, mainly in spring and autumn. This suggests that the Cova Colomera was used as a transient settlement during the movement of flocks. The data corroborate the idea that the natural resources of the pre-Pyrenees were exploited by the earliest shepherds in the Early Neolithic.
Application of Design of Expert software for evaluating the influence of formulation variables on the encapsulation efficacy, drug content and particle size of PEO-PPO-PEO/Poly(DL-lactide-co-caprolactone) nanoparticles as carriers for SN-38
Authors: Koliqi Rozafa , Breznica Pranvera , Daka Arlinda , Koshi Blerina 
Published: October 2021

Background and aims. Hydrophobic substances are mainly encapsulated into polymer nanocarriers in order to improve their solubility, enable their administration, at the same time to empower targeted tissue or cell specific delivery of the drug using the encapsulating vehicle as targeting and controlled release platform. 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) is an active metabolite of Irinotecan, showing 100- fold to 1000-fold higher effect than Irinotecan, but its clinical use is limited because of its extreme hydrophobicity, as it is practically insoluble in most physiologically compatible and pharmaceutically acceptable solvents.
Method. In order to fully exploit the potential of the nanoprecipitation as a method for preparation of Poly(DL-lactide-co-caprolactone)- poly(ethylene oxide) - poly(propylene oxide) - poly(ethylene oxide) (P(DL)LCL/PEO-PPO-PEO) nanoparticles and evaluate the influence of the polymer P(DL)LCL, stabilizing agent PEO-PPO-PEO copolymer (Lutrol F127) and the drug concentration (SN-38) upon drug entrapment efficiency, size and drug content, a D-optimal experimental design for response surface using Design Expert Version 9.0.4.1. software investigation was created and statistically analyzed.
Results. We have observed that at higher SN-38 concentration during the preparation procedure (nanoprecipitation, solvent diffusion method), and due to its extremely low water solubility, the drug will start to precipitate as unprotected crystals at a faster pace compared to polymer aggregation, leading to extremely low encapsulation efficacy and waste of the active compound. The most desirable combination of factor settings are SN-38=0.5 mg, Polymer=5mg and F127=4%.
Conclusion. This investigation utilizes the design of experiment approach and extends the primary understanding of impact of formulation development of P(DL)LCL/PEO-PPO-PEO nanoparticles as carriers for SN-38.
Airway changes in patients with sleep apnea using AdvanSync2 Class II correctors – a case series
Authors: Keerthana Pasupureddi , Negi Gunjan , Chitra Prasad 
Published: October 2021

Background. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition that affects a patient’s ability to sleep normally, predisposing them to many risks and reduced quality of life. Myofunctional therapy has been proven to increase the airway space according to literature.
Aim. To report the effects of AdvanSync2 Class II corrector in the management of 3 orthodontic patients who reported sleeping difficulties due to breathing problems and retrognathic mandible.
Case presentation. Three patients reported to Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics with Class II malocclusion associated with sleep apnea requiring treatment. Clinical examination revealed a retrognathic mandible with airway constriction in all subjects. A non-extraction approach using an AdvanSync2 Class II corrector (Ormco Corp, Glendora, Calif) with fixed appliances was considered. Lateral cephalometric records were obtained at three stages: pre-treatment, post functional and prefinishing/post treatment. The airway was divided into 3 parts in the lateral cephalogram: velopharynx, hypopharynx and glossopharynx. The most constricted part of the airway was noted. Pre and post treatment lateral cephalograms were compared to assess the changes in airway dimensions after using AdvanSync2. Significant enhancement in airway dimensions was noted in all three parts (velopharynx, glossopharynx and hypopharynx) in all patients.
Conclusion. Airway assessment is an important aspect in orthodontic diagnosis. Use of the AdvanSync2 Class II corrector in combination with fixed orthodontic appliances enhanced quality of life in Class II patients by improving airway dimensions. This approach can be recommended in the management of mild to moderate Class II malocclusions associated with mandibular retrognathism and airway constriction.
The role of thrombocytapheresis in the management of extreme thrombocytosis: a 6 years’ experience from a tertiary care center
Authors: Chenna Deepika , Polavarapu Isha , Kandasamy Dhivya , Mohan Ganesh , Shastry Shamee 
Published: October 2021

Background. According to the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) guidelines, thrombocytapheresis is a Category II indication in symptomatic patients and is a Category III indication when used as secondary or prophylactic treatment. The role of thrombocytapheresis is to prevent untoward complications that might occur even before the cytoreductive agents can exert their action.
Methods. A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent thrombocytapheresis between 2012 to 2018 was conducted. Demographic details, complete blood counts, diagnosis and indication for thrombocytapheresis were noted.
Results. A total of 12 patients with thrombocytosis were included in the study. The cause of thrombocytosis was primary in 3 (25%) patients and secondary in 9 (75%) patients. The average percentage reduction in platelet count was 47.1% (range 12.3%-65.64%). There was a significant decrease in platelet count, platelet crit, and mean platelet volume after the procedure when compared to pre-procedure.
Conclusion. Thrombocytapheresis selectively reduces platelet counts with no effect on other cellular and plasma components. The role of thrombocytapheresis in extreme thrombocytosis is to be considered for an immediate decrease in platelet count and to minimize the risks associated with thrombocytosis.
Implants displaced into the maxillary sinus, an endoscopic approach - a report of two cases
Authors: Berberi Antoine , Aoun Georges , Hjeij Bouchra , AboulHosn Maissa , Hallak Roy , Azar Elie 
Published: October 2021

Accidental implant displacement into the maxillary sinuses and accompanying complications are well documented in the literature. Two surgical approaches have been suggested to remove the displaced implants and to handle the related complications: an intraoral approach and the nasal endoscopy. The intraoral approach is preferred in cases of absence of local infection, ostium obstruction, and oroantral communication needing to be closed.
The nasal approach, besides retrieval of displaced implants, allows the treatment of any associated pathology and reestablishment of the mucociliary clearance as well as the natural ventilation through the ostium.
This article reports two clinical cases of implant displacement in the maxillary sinus treated with a nasal endoscopy through the middle meatal meatotomy.
This article reports two clinical cases of implant displacement in the maxillary sinus treated with a nasal endoscopy through the middle meatal meatotomy.
Implants accidentally displaced can be avoided by a proper exploration of the preoperative x-ray, selecting an appropriate treatment plan, and esteeming the surgical skills. The most appropriate approach to handle these complications is close cooperation between oral surgeons and otolaryngologists.
Features of venous blood circulation and valve function in the lower extremities according to duplex scanning data and morphofunctional studies
Authors: Ignatyev I M , Evseeva V V , Ahunova S Yu , Gradusov E G 
Published: October 2021

Aim. To study the mechanisms of venous return and the functioning features of lower extremity venous valves in horizontal and vertical positions.
Methods. The study, conducted from April 2019 to December 2020, included 100 people. The study participants were divided into 2 groups. The first group was represented by 44 patients (88 limbs) with varicose veins, whose venous system was examined by duplex ultrasound scanning during inpatient rehabilitation. The second (control) group consisted of 56 healthy individuals (92 limbs) without visible signs of venous pathology who underwent an outpatient examination of the venous system. The average age of the patients in the two groups was 49.22.4 and 51.11 years, respectively; women predominated in both groups. The qualitative and quantitative parameters of venous blood flow were studied in the study. Venous valvular insufficiency was assessed by using reflux duration and the Psatakis index. A morphometric study was conducted on 140 limbs of 48 human corpses, from which venous fragments were taken for biomechanical studies of the valves. The clinical characteristics of patients are presented by descriptive statistics, quantitative parameters are reported as the mean value (M) and standard deviation (SD). The differences were tested for significance by using the Student's t-test.
Results. In the study, we introduced the concept of the valve index, the aspect ratio of the ellipse, the shape of which has a venous valve in cross-section. Duplex ultrasound scanning, as well as a morphofunctional examination of the valves, made it possible to establish that the valve index is significantly higher in the presence of signs of varicose veins, which indicates dilation and incipient varicose vein, which leads to valvular insufficiency. The elasticity index defined by us, as the indicator of change in the venous lumen size, measured by the ratio of its diameters, also significantly (p=0.034) differed in the studied groups: the elasticity index in the group of healthy people was 1.370.11, in the group of patients with varicose veins 1.560.17. The studied factors allowed us to develop a test that has an important prognostic value for the early diagnosis of varicose veins as well as the implementation of preventive health measures.
Conclusion. The features of venous blood circulation and valve function studied in the study not only have prognostic value for the early diagnosis of varicose veins but are also of practical interest for developing methods of surgical correction of venous valvular insufficiency.
The structure and features of the course of chronic kidney disease in patients with coronary heart disease and comorbid diseases
Authors: Sigitova O N , Bogdanova A R , Kim T Yu 
Published: October 2021

Aim. To investigate the prevalence, structure, and features of the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with comorbid diseases.
Methods. The observation group consisted of 257 patients of the Interregional Clinical Diagnostic Center (Kazan) with coronary heart disease (20142018): 183 males and 74 females, aged from 38 to 95 years (mean age 61.80.6). Observation program: clinical examination; serum creatinine and lipid profiles, the albumin/creatinine ratio in a single portion of urine, morning urine osmolality, glomerular filtration rate estimated by the CKD-EPI; renal scintigraphy, ultrasonography of the kidneys, renal Doppler ultrasound and angiography. Chronic kidney disease was diagnosed if one of the criteria was met: the glomerular filtration rate 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or the ratio of albumin to creatinine in urine (ACR) 30 mg/g. Statistical analysis was performed by using the methods of variational statistics: determination of the arithmetic mean (M), standard error of the mean (m) and difference significance according to the Student's test (t).
Results. Examination of patients revealed the following comorbid diseases and syndromes: hypertension (90.7%), hyper- and dyslipidemia (96.5%), overweight/obesity (74.3%), diabetes mellitus (17.9%), chronic heart failure stages IIIa according to StrazheskoVasilenko classification (100%). 164 (63.8%) patients were first time diagnosed with chronic kidney disease: hypertensive nephropathy in 66.4%, ischemic renal disease in 21.9%, diabetic nephropathy in 2.4%, a combination of diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy in 9.3%. 51.2% of patients had stage 2 of chronic kidney disease, 42.1% stage 3, 6.7% stage 4 or 5. A feature of chronic kidney disease is its latent course (absence of complaints and clinical manifestations) and, as a consequence, unidentified diagnosis at the prehospital stage, which is generally characteristic of secondary nephropathies in cardiovascular diseases and these comorbid conditions.
Conclusion. Chronic kidney disease was first diagnosed in 63.8% of patients with coronary heart disease with 1 to 5 comorbid diseases; a feature of chronic kidney disease is its secondary nature, the course of the disease is hidden by underlying and/or comorbid disease and, as a result, its late diagnosis.
Deriving electrophysiological phenotypes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation based on the characteristics of heart rate variability
Authors: Markov N S , Ushenin K S , Bozhko Y G , Arkhipov M V , Solovyova O E 
Published: October 2021

Aim. To analyze heart rate variability of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and identify electrophysiological phenotypes of the disease by using methods of exploratory analysis of twenty-four-hour electrocardiographic (Holter) recordings.
Methods. 64 electrocardiogram recordings of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were selected from the open Long-Term Atrial Fibrillation Database (repository PhysioNet). 52 indices of heart rhythm variability were calculated for each recording, including new heart rate fragmentation and asymmetry indices proposed in the last 5 years. Data analysis was carried out with machine learning methods: dimensionality reduction with principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering and outlier detection. Feature correlation was checked by the Pearson criterion, the selected patients subgroups were confirmed by using MannWhitney and Student's tests.
Results. For the vast majority of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, heart rate variability can be described by five parameters. Each of these parameters captures a distinct approach in heart rate variability classification: dispersion characteristics of interbeat intervals, frequency characteristics of interbeat intervals, measurements of heart rate fragmentation, indices based on heart rate asymmetry, mean and median of interbeat intervals. Two large phenotypes of the disease were derived based on these parameters: the first phenotype is a vagotonic profile with a significant increase of linear parasympathetic indices and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation lasting longer than 4.5 hours; the second phenotype with increased sympathetic indices, low parasympathetic indices and paroxysms lasting up to 4.5 hours.
Conclusion. Our findings indicate the potential of nonlinear analysis in the study of heart rate variability and demonstrate the feasibility of further integration of nonlinear indices for arrhythmia phenotyping.
Challenges for first-year undergraduates with a non-EMI background in an EMI classroom: A case study
Authors: Siddiqui K. A. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. English has been the official language as well as medium of instruction (MOI) in higher education of Pakistan for over 70 years despite decolonisation in Asia in 1950s. However, the majority of undergraduates come from non-EMI (English as a medium of instruction) background because MOI in private or public primary and secondary schools is either regional or local language. Therefore, first year undergraduates face challenges in EMI classrooms at university.Aim. This study aimed to investigate the challenges first year undergraduates with nonEMI background face in an EMI classroom in a public sector university in Sukkur, Pakistan.Methodology and research methods. Using the case study approach, six purposively selected participants were interviewed using semi-structured interviews as the data collection tool.Results and scientific novelty. The findings reveal that the learners face issues such as ineffective presentation, incoherent answers in writing, difficult grammatical structures, lack of vocabulary and partial comprehension of content. One of the key findings of the study is the psychological pressure students experience in an EMI classroom. The research is novel in the sense it brings to light language-related issues faced by students such as lack of vocabulary, improper organisation of ideas, and the role of varied language level of books and teachers. Since these challenges have not been explored at undergraduate level, and that too for students from non-EMI background, the study bears great significance for all stakeholders to develop effective strategies for future.Practical significance. The study will have implications for both policymakers and practitioners in higher education of Pakistan.
Escena del Crimen
Authors: Páez Sosa Douglas Iván 
Published: October 2021

Llegó a su edificio y tomó el ascensor, con la fatiga de un largo día de trabajo pesando sobre su espalda.
Marcó el piso diez y esperó. Iba sólo. Esto no se le hizo extraño, pero si le hizo pensar, en lo raro que era no haber visto a nadie en todo ese trayecto. El portero del edificio—extraña­mente—no estaba en su puesto de trabajo; ni ninguno de los otros empleados que siempre por allí rondan…
Alma Tolerante
Authors: Olivares Baldovino Andrés 
Published: October 2021

I
Yo tolero, tú toleras
Si el verbo lo conjugamos,
Fácil es darnos la mano
Pues de la mejor manera,
Y el Alma siente de veras
Regocijo y emoción
Que le rodea el corazón
En su gran fragilidad
Y se puede demostrá,
Quien tolera brinda Amor…
Paratekst w literaturze fantasy (na podstawie glosariusza)
Authors: Uździcka Marzanna 
Published: October 2021

The content of this article falls within the textual and generic trend of research on paratext. The author describes the meaning of paratexts in fantasy literature via the example of glossaries, which fulfill a special role in the process of creating and perceiving this type of literary text. The argumentation process is subordinated to two perspectives. The first involves the sub-creation of a secondary reality — the Second World in fantasy, which from the beginning to the end grows out of the imagination of the writer and which is complete and internally consistent. In the course of reading, the reader “enters” into a completely different world from that experienced every day. What is needed, therefore, is a kind of guide that allows him to “move around” without disturbing the created universe. Paratext fulfills this function. Hence the second perspective is Gérard Genette’s thesis, according to which the paratext is identified with the text surrounding the proper text, coming from the author and remaining within the same volume (peritext), and one of its basic roles is to help in the interpretation and proper decryption of the creator’s (author’s) intentions. On the basis of the glossaries studied in fantasy texts, it can be concluded that structurally they constitute the determinants of a textual frame, and although there is no linear continuity between the main text and the glossary, considering the content that is contained in it, they serve to strengthen the coherence of the main text. In general, the presence of glossaries facilitates reading the text, allows “unmasking” the intentions of the author and categorizing elements of the plot of a specific work, a given part of the cycle or saga against the background of the whole universe.
O tym, jak dzieciom opowiedzieć o wszystkim. Moc metafory w norweskiej książce obrazkowej „Blekkspruten” Gro Dahle i Sveina Nyhusa
Authors: Dymel-Trzebiatowska Hanna 
Published: October 2021

The article discusses how the taboo theme of incest is narrated both visually and verbally in the controversial Norwegian picturebook Blekkspruten (The Squid) from 2016, authored by the famous Norwegian artists Gro Dahle, a writer, and Svein Nyhus, an illustrator. The duo had previously tackled numerous contentious themes in their books, such as domestic abuse, gender disparity and mental illness, but this time the subject seems particularly problematic to present in a children’s book. Since both Dahle and Nyhus explicitly advocate a concept of allalderlitteratur (literature for all age groups), the implied readership of Blekkspruten includes young, inexperienced readers, too. The analysis focused on the mode in which the artists acquainted children with incest, and the answer was the intricate metaphorical message rendered both in the text and in the images. Their pregnant, yet subtle imagery and sophisticated interaction made it possible to narrate the difficult, challenging theme for children. Furthermore, the investigation responds to Dorte Karrebæk’s suggestion to devote more reflection to the illustrators’ work as a continuum. It juxtaposes Nyhus’ illustrations from Blekkspruten with his previous works, showing both his new artistic solutions (different lines, shapes and colours) and references to some visual symbols employed before (open or closed containers, a monkey toy, a key). They recur in an intervisual, self-referential play, often participating in construction of open endings and implying the impossibility of giving unequivocal answers.