bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiomics reveal pivotal roles of sodium translocation and compartmentation in regulating salinity resistance in allotetraploid rapeseed
Authors: Zhou Ting , Yue Cai-Peng , Liu Ying , Zhang Tian-Yu , Huang Jin-Yong , Hua Ying-Peng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe large size and complexity of the allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus) genome present huge challenges for understanding salinity resistance in this important crop. In this study, we identified two rapeseed genotypes with significantly different degrees of salinity resistance and examined the underlying mechanisms using an integrated analysis of phenomics, ionomics, genomics, and transcriptomics. Under salinity, a higher accumulation of osmoregulation substances and better root-system architecture was observed in the resistant genotype, H159, than in the sensitive one, L339. A lower shoot Na+ concentration and a higher root vacuolar Na+ concentration indicated lower root-to-shoot translocation and higher compartmentation in H159 than in L339. Whole-genome re-sequencing (WGRS) and transcriptome sequencing identified numerous DNA variants and differentially expressed genes involved in abiotic stress responses and ion transport. Combining ionomics with transcriptomics identified plasma membrane-localized BnaC2.HKT1;1 and tonoplast-localized BnaC5.NHX2 as the central factors regulating differential root xylem unloading and vacuolar sequestration of Na+ between the two genotypes. Identification of polymorphisms by WGRS and PCR revealed two polymorphic MYB-binding sites in the promoter regions that might determine the differential gene expression of BnaC2.HKT1;1 and BnaC5.NHX2. Our multiomics approach thus identified core transporters involved in Na+ translocation and compartmentation that regulate salinity resistance in rapeseed. Our results may provide elite gene resources for the improvement of salinity resistance in this crop, and our multiomics approach can be applied to other similar studies.
‘Somewhat of an affectation’: Bach, Vivaldi, and the Early Films of Pier Paolo Pasolini
Authors: Greig Donald 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Critics and film theorists have frequently drawn attention to the use of J. S. Bach’s music in Accattone (1961), Pier Paolo Pasolini’s first film. Many have noted the strangeness of the musical choice and in particular its sociocultural disconnection from the film’s setting of the borgate, the deprived areas on the outskirts of Rome. Pasolini’s second film, Mamma Roma (1962), similarly focuses on the lives of an underclass of pimps, prostitutes, and scroungers, yet its use of the music of Antonio Vivaldi has elicited little study. This article explores the imbalance of critical responses in the context of Pasolini’s political aesthetic. I argue that the imposing figure of Bach has distracted commentators, and that Pasolini is less interested in the cultural associations of individual composers and compositions than in the formal properties of Baroque music. Close analysis of the films reveals careful correspondences between film and music that show both the potential and the limitations of Baroque music when applied to the moving image.
Hierarchically modelling Kepler dwarfs and subgiants to improve inference of stellar properties with asteroseismology
Authors: Lyttle Alexander J , Davies Guy R , Li Tanda , Carboneau Lindsey M , Leung Ho-Hin , Westwood Harry , Chaplin William J , Hall Oliver J , Huber Daniel , Nielsen Martin B , Basu Sarbani , García Rafael A 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
With recent advances in modelling stars using high-precision asteroseismology, the systematic effects associated with our assumptions of stellar helium abundance (Y) and the mixing-length theory parameter (αMLT) are becoming more important. We apply a new method to improve the inference of stellar parameters for a sample of Kepler dwarfs and subgiants across a narrow mass range ($0.8 \lt M \lt 1.2\, \rm M_\odot$). In this method, we include a statistical treatment of Y and the αMLT. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian model to encode information about the distribution of Y and αMLT in the population, fitting a linear helium enrichment law including an intrinsic spread around this relation and normal distribution in αMLT. We test various levels of pooling parameters, with and without solar data as a calibrator. When including the Sun as a star, we find the gradient for the enrichment law, $\Delta Y / \Delta Z = 1.05\substack{+0.28\\-0.25}$ and the mean αMLT in the population, $\mu _\alpha = 1.90\substack{+0.10\\-0.09}$. While accounting for the uncertainty in Y and αMLT, we are still able to report statistical uncertainties of 2.5 per cent in mass, 1.2 per cent in radius, and 12 per cent in age. Our method can also be applied to larger samples that will lead to improved constraints on both the population level inference and the star-by-star fundamental parameters.
Progenitor mass constraints for the type Ib intermediate-luminosity SN 2015ap and the highly extinguished SN 2016bau
Authors: Aryan Amar , Pandey S B , Zheng WeiKang , Filippenko Alexei V , Vinko Jozsef , Ouchi Ryoma , Shivvers Isaac , Yuk Heechan , Kumar Sahana , Stegman Samantha , Halevi Goni , Ross Timothy W , Gould Carolina , Yunus Sameen , Baer-Way Raphael , deGraw Asia , Maeda Keiichi , Bhattacharya D , Kumar Amit , Gupta Rahul , Yadav Abhay P , Buckley David A H , Misra Kuntal , Tiwari S N 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Photometric and spectroscopic analyses of the intermediate-luminosity Type Ib supernova (SN) 2015ap and of the heavily reddened Type Ib SN 2016bau are discussed. Photometric properties of the two SNe, such as colour evolution, bolometric luminosity, photospheric radius, temperature, and velocity evolution, are also constrained. The ejecta mass, synthesized nickel mass, and kinetic energy of the ejecta are calculated from their light-curve analysis. We also model and compare the spectra of SN 2015ap and SN 2016bau at various stages of their evolution. The P Cygni profiles of various lines present in the spectra are used to determine the velocity evolution of the ejecta. To account for the observed photometric and spectroscopic properties of the two SNe, we have computed 12 M⊙ zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) star models and evolved them until the onset of core-collapse using the publicly available stellar-evolution codeMESA. Synthetic explosions were produced using the public version of STELLA and another publicly available code, SNEC, utilizing the MESA models. SNEC and stella provide various observable properties such as the bolometric luminosity and velocity evolution. The parameters produced by SNEC/STELLA and our observations show close agreement with each other, thus supporting a 12 M⊙ ZAMS star as the possible progenitor for SN 2015ap, while the progenitor of SN 2016bau is slightly less massive, being close to the boundary between SN and non-SN as the final product.
DNA damage in leukocytes and serum nitrite concentration are negatively associated in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Rostoka Evita , Salna Ilze , Dekante Alise , Pahirko Leonora , Borisovs Vitalijs , Celma Laura , Valeinis Jānis , Sjakste Nikolajs , Sokolovska Jelizaveta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia leads to DNA damage in diabetes and might be associated with nitrosative stress. In this study, we aimed at assessing the level of DNA strand breaks in leukocytes, serum nitrite and nitrate in patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls and associations of these parameters with diabetes-related outcomes in a prospective study. The level of DNA damage was determined in 71 patients with type 1 diabetes and 57 healthy controls by comet assay and scored with arbitrary units (AU). The chemiluminescence method was used to measure nitrite and nitrate. Clinical information and data on consumption of alcohol, physical activity and smoking were collected. Progression of complications in patients with diabetes was assessed after a follow-up time of 4–5 years. We observed a higher level of DNA damage in leukocytes of patients with type 1 diabetes compared with healthy subjects [type 1 diabetes AU 50 (36–74.5); control AU 30 (24.1–43), P &lt; 0.001]. According to regression, type 1 diabetes leads to a 2-fold increase in DNA damage. In the group of type 1 diabetes, DNA damage correlated positively with total cholesterol (R = 0.262, P = 0.028) and negatively with serum glucose level (R = −0.284; P = 0.018) and serum nitrite (R = −0.335; P = 0.008). DNA damage was not significantly associated with HbA1c, diabetes duration, complications and lifestyle factors. However, DNA damage &gt; 57 AU was associated with statistically significantly lower serum nitrite and 1.52 higher risk of progression of complications of diabetes over the follow-up period. The latter result was not statistically significant due to insufficient study power [relative risk 1.52 (95% confidence interval = 0.68, 3.42, P = 0.31)]. Our results confirm that type 1 diabetes is associated with a higher level of DNA strand breaks in leukocytes when compared with the reference group and demonstrate the negative association between DNA damage and serum nitrite concentration.
Quantitative Characterization of Population-Wide Tissue- and Metabolite-Specific Variability in Perchloroethylene Toxicokinetics in Male Mice
Authors: Dalaijamts Chimeddulam , Cichocki Joseph A , Luo Yu-Syuan , Rusyn Ivan , Chiu Weihsueh A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Quantification of interindividual variability is a continuing challenge in risk assessment, particularly for compounds with complex metabolism and multi-organ toxicity. Toxicokinetic variability for perchloroethylene (perc) was previously characterized across 3 mouse strains and in 1 mouse strain with various degrees of liver steatosis. To further characterize the role of genetic variability in toxicokinetics of perc, we applied Bayesian population physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to the data on perc and metabolites in blood/plasma and tissues of male mice from 45 inbred strains from the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population. After identifying the most influential PBPK parameters based on global sensitivity analysis, we fit the model with a hierarchical Bayesian population analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. We found that the data from 3 commonly used strains were not representative of the full range of variability in perc and metabolite blood/plasma and tissue concentrations across the CC population. Using interstrain variability as a surrogate for human interindividual variability, we calculated dose-dependent, chemical-, and tissue-specific toxicokinetic variability factors (TKVFs) as candidate science-based replacements for the default uncertainty factor for human toxicokinetic variability of 100.5. We found that toxicokinetic variability factors for glutathione conjugation metabolites of perc showed the greatest variability, often exceeding the default, whereas those for oxidative metabolites and perc itself were generally less than the default. Overall, we demonstrate how a combination of a population-based mouse model such as the CC with Bayesian population PBPK modeling can reduce uncertainty in human toxicokinetic variability and increase accuracy and precision in quantitative risk assessment.
The Quality of Life of Patients with Colorectal Cancer and a Stoma in China: A Quantitative Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Liu Huayun , Zhu Xiaomei , Yu Juping , He Pingping , Shen Boyong , Tang Xinhui , Xu Xianghua , Wei Di , Chen Yongyi , Li Xuying 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To explore quality of life (QOL) in patients with colorectal cancer and a stoma and factors associated with their QOL.

METHODS
A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out in the stoma and wound care clinic of a cancer hospital in China. Participants were recruited from clinic patients. Investigators collected demographic data and clinical information; QOL was measured using a Chinese version of the stoma-QOL scale.

RESULTS
In total, 359 participants took part; 161 (44.8%) had an ileostomy, whereas the others had a colostomy, and about half of the participants (46.5%) had a permanent stoma. The mean age was 57.86 ± 11.92 years. The QOL scores of most participants were poor, with a median value of 49.44. Participants whose stoma was cared for by others had a significantly lower QOL score than those who cared for their own stomas (odds ratio [OR], 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–2.38; P = .029). Participants with a temporary stoma had a lower QOL score than those with a permanent stoma (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.275–3.40; P = .004). Further, participants with a complication had a lower QOL score than those without (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.07–2.43; P = .022).

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest a need for well-developed interventions to improve the QOL of these patients. This study provides valuable insights to inform the development of future clinical practice and research in this area in China and beyond.
Understanding VA’s Use of and Relationships With Community Care Providers Under the MISSION Act
Authors: Mattocks Kristin M. , Kroll-Desrosiers Aimee , Kinney Rebecca , Elwy Anashua R. , Cunningham Kristin J. , Mengeling Michelle A. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Congress has enacted 2 major pieces of legislation to improve access to care for Veterans within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). As a result, the VA has undergone a major transformation in the way that care is delivered to Veterans with an increased reliance on community-based provider networks. No studies have examined the relationship between VA and contracted community providers. This study examines VA facility directors’ perspectives on their successes and challenges building relationships with community providers within the VA Community Care Network (CCN).

Objectives:
To understand who VA facilities partner with for community care, highlight areas of greatest need for partnerships in various regions, and identify challenges of working with community providers in the new CCN contract.

Research Design:
We conducted a national survey with VA facility directors to explore needs, challenges, and expectations with the CCN.

Results:
The most common care referred to community providers included physical therapy, chiropractic, orthopedic, ophthalmology, and acupuncture. Open-ended responses focused on 3 topics: (1) Challenges in working with community providers, (2) Strategies to maintain strong relationships with community providers, and (3) Re-engagement with community providers who no longer provide care for Veterans.

Conclusions:
VA faces challenges engaging with community providers given problems with timely reimbursement of community providers, low (Medicare) reimbursement rates, and confusing VA rules related to prior authorizations and bundled services. It will be critical to identify strategies to successfully initiate and sustain relationships with community providers.
Rural Veterans’ Experiences With Outpatient Care in the Veterans Health Administration Versus Community Care
Authors: Davila Heather , Rosen Amy K. , Beilstein-Wedel Erin , Shwartz Michael , Chatelain Leslie , Gurewich Deborah 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The 2014 Veterans Access, Choice and Accountability Act was intended to improve Veterans’ access to timely health care by expanding their options to receive community care (CC) paid for by the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Although CC could particularly benefit rural Veterans, we know little about rural Veterans’ experiences with CC.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to compare rural Veterans’ experiences with CC and VA outpatient health care services to those of urban Veterans and examine changes over time.

Research Design:
Retrospective, cross-sectional study using data from the Survey of Healthcare Experiences of Patients (SHEP) and VA Corporate Data Warehouse. Subjects: All Veterans who responded to the SHEP survey in Fiscal Year (FY) 16 or FY19.

Measures:
Outcomes were 4 measures of care experience (Access, Communication, Coordination, and Provider Rating). Independent variables included care setting (CC/VA), rural/urban status, and demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results:
Compared with urban Veterans, rural Veterans rated CC the same (for specialty care) or better (for primary care). Rural Veterans reported worse experiences in CC versus VA, except for specialty care Access. Rural Veterans’ care experiences improved between FY16 and FY19 in both CC and VA, with greater improvements in CC.

Conclusions:
Rural Veterans’ reported comparable or better experiences in CC compared with urban Veterans, but rural Veterans’ CC experiences still lagged behind their experiences in VA for primary care. As growing numbers of Veterans use CC, VA should ensure that rural and urban Veterans’ experiences with CC are at least comparable to their experiences with VA care.
Is a fair comparison between doping tested and doping untested powerlifters possible?
Authors: Khudayarov Anna 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTPurposePowerlifting is clearly divided into doping tested amateur competitions and doping untested pro competitions with pro competition money prizes ranging from a few thousand USD to over $120 000 USD in a single competition. However, the results of both pro and amateur powerlifting competitions are then collected and put into the same result database (although there is the possibility to filter the results using doping control status). The powerlifting results are compared by scores to have a fair comparison between different weight class athletes. This study plays with the thought of comparing doping tested and doping untested athletes, and creates a coefficient for the comparison.MethodsThe powerlifting results (noted in kg) of the 10 top ranked athletes per weight class and separately for men and women, and for doping tested and doping untested categories were collected from the openpowerlifting.org database. A weight adjusted model was fit to these results separately for men and women with the doping control status used a binary factor.ResultsDoping control status was a significant factor when modelling the powerlifting results, p<0.001 for both men and women. Men’s doping untested results were 1.0725 times as large as the doping tested results. Women’s doping untested results were 1.1208 times as large as the doping tested results. These separate and precise factors could be used as coefficients for scoring doping tested and doping untested athletes’ powerlifting results. Moreover, the coefficients approximate the effect of doping on an elite level athlete’s results.
Technology-delivered undergraduate medical education involving patients and carers: A rapid systematic review
Authors: Lawes-Wickwar Sadie , Lovat Eitan , Alao Adedoyin , Hamer-Hunt Julia , Yurtoglu Nesrin , Jensen Cherise , Clarke Nicola , Roberts Nia , Park Sophie 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundInvolving patients and carers in medical education centralises their voice in healthcare and supports students to develop key professional and person-centred skills. Medical schools are increasingly using technology to deliver educational activities. No review currently exists to establish the variety of technologies and their uses in undergraduate medical education when patients and/or carers are involved.MethodsOvid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE and medRxiv were searched in October 2020 and reference lists of key articles were hand searched. Eligible studies reported technology-assisted education, in any setting, involving authentic patients and/or carers. Studies in foreign languages, or describing actors or non-authentic patients were excluded. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Levels of patient involvement were assessed using Towle et al’s (2010) taxonomy.ResultsTwenty studies were included. The majority involved patients and/or carers via pre-recorded videos or online scenarios, with no student-interaction. Four studies evaluated remote consultations using telehealth technology, involving real-time interactions with authentic patients. Technology-supported teaching sessions involving patients and/or carers were found to be acceptable to students, educationally valuable (to students and educators), and enhanced student engagement, patient-centred attitudes, knowledge of specific patient groups, and communication and clinical skills. Two studies describing real-time remote interactions with authentic patients indicated potential barriers for students (reduced ability to build relationship with patients and examine them), educators (reduced ability to build rapport with students) and patients (issues with using or accessing telehealth).ConclusionsNo studies directly measured the perspective of patients or carers involved in technology-delivered medical education. Future research should establish barriers and facilitators to patients and carers taking up a role in medical students’ education when technology is used, and evaluate PPI activities at Levels 3 and above as described by Towle et al’s taxonomy.
Heart rate changes associated with autonomic dysreflexia in daily life of individuals with chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Yee Belinda , Nightingale Tom E. , Ramirez Andrea L. , Walter Matthias , Krassioukov Andrei V. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo characterize heart rate (HR) changes during autonomic dysreflexia (AD) in daily life for individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).DesignData analysis of two prospective clinical studies and one cross-sectional study.SettingSingle-center study.ParticipantsForty-five individuals (including 8 females) with a chronic SCI at or above the sixth thoracic spinal segment with confirmed AD, and a median age and time since injury of 43 years (interquartile range [IQR] 36 – 50) and 17 years (IQR 6 – 23) respectively, were included for analysis.InterventionsNot applicable.Main outcome measureAny systolic blood pressure (SBP) increase ≥ 20mmHg from baseline from a 24-hour ambulatory surveillance period was identified and categorized as either confirmed (i.e. known AD trigger), unknown (i.e. no diary entry), and unlikely (i.e. potential physical activity driven SBP increase). SBP-associated HR changes were categorized as either unchanged, increased or decreased compared to baseline.ResultsA total of 797 episodes of SBP increase above AD threshold were identified and classified as confirmed (n = 250, 31.4%), unknown (n = 472, 59.2%) or unlikely (n = 75, 9.4%). Median SBP changes and median SBP-related HR changes were 37 mmHg and -8 bpm, 28 mmHg and -6 bpm, or 30 mmHg and -4 bpm for confirmed, unknown, or unlikely episodes, respectively. HR-decrease/increase ratio was 3:1 for confirmed and unknown, and 1.5:1 for unlikely episodes. HR changes resulting in brady-/tachycardia were 34.4% / 2.8% for confirmed, 39.6% / 3.4% unknown, and 26.7% / 9.3% for unlikely episodes, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the majority of confirmed AD episodes are associated with a HR decrease. Further improvements, such as more precise participant diaries combined with the use of 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram and wearable-sensors-derived measures of physical activity could provide a better, more detailed characterization of HR changes during episodes of AD.