bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appropriate fabrication method for pressure‐formed mouthguards using polyolefin sheets
Authors: Watarai Yuko , Mizuhashi Fumi , Koide Kaoru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground/AimPolyolefin sheet mouthguards are usually formed in the same manner as ethylene‐vinyl acetate sheet mouthguards. However, the heating condition of the polyolefin sheet for the pressure‐forming process has not been determined. The aim of this study was to examine the appropriate heating condition for polyolefin sheet mouthguards when fabricated with the pressure‐formed technique.Materials and MethodsMouthguard sheets of 3.0 mm polyolefin were pressure formed on working models at three heating temperatures: 90°C, 105°C, and 120°C. The thickness of the mouthguard was measured at the labial surface of the central incisor, and the buccal and occlusal surfaces of the first molar. The fit of the mouthguard was examined at the central incisor and the first molar by measuring the distance between the mouthguard and the cervical margin of the working model. Differences in the thickness and fit of the mouthguards according to the heating conditions and the measured regions were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance.ResultsMouthguard thickness varied among the measured regions of the central incisors and first molars (p < .01). The greatest thickness was found at the labial surface of the central incisor in mouthguards fabricated with the heating temperature of 90°C (p < .01). The greatest thickness was found in mouthguards fabricated with the heating temperature of 105°C at the buccal surface of the first molar (p < .01), and 105°C or 120°C at the occlusal surface of the first molar (p < .01). The fit was not significantly different among the three heating conditions both at the central incisor and the first molar.ConclusionsThe appropriate heating condition for pressure‐formed mouthguards using polyolefin sheets was 90°C to maintain the mouthguard thickness at the anterior teeth area with proper fit.
Trust, Respect, and Forgiveness: The Educational Philosophy of Janusz Korczak
Authors: Tsabar Boaz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, Boaz Tsabar explores the fundamental significance of relations of trust between educator and child in the work of renowned Polish‐Jewish pedagogue, author, children's rights advocate, and orphanage director Janusz Korczak. The first part of the article investigates the existential importance of trust in a pedagogy that is based on humanistic‐dialogical principles. The second and central part explores three ways in which Korczak strived to implement the element of trust in his educational work with children at the Dom Sierot orphanage in Warsaw: the first manifested in a renouncement of idealism coupled with a concrete demonstration of respect for students' actual life experience; the second in the creation and maintenance of a consistent and orderly pedagogical space so as to infuse pupils' lives with a sense of security and rational order; and the third in a refinement of reality to the level of a game while upholding the child's right to engage in trial‐and‐error within it. Finally, Tsabar discusses the fundamental importance of forgiveness in Korczak's concept of trust and concludes the article with an investigation of two implicit threats to the development of relations of trust in the contemporary public school system.
Augusto Del Noce: Toward an Education of Limits
Authors: Carlin Matthew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAugusto Del Noce is widely regarded in his home country of Italy as one of the most important political philosophers of the second half of the twentieth century. Del Noce's work covers a range of topics including modernity, technology, contemporary Catholicism, secularism, eroticism, communism, fascism, and progressivism. Although Del Noce holds a distinguished place within Italian philosophical and intellectual circles, his work has largely remained unknown across most of Europe and in the English‐speaking world. As Del Noce's writings have begun to be translated into English in recent years, however, a new and expanded engagement with his work has taken place. While new analyses of Del Noce's thought have slowly appeared in a variety of academic disciplines, no work has yet examined Del Noce's significance for the field of education. In this essay Matthew Carlin rectifies this oversight by examining a wide range of Del Noce's writing, paying particular attention to how his historico‐political analysis of the emergence of modern progressivism necessitates the creation of a new education of limits for the twenty‐first century.
Transnational life and cross‐border immobility in pandemic times
Authors: Skovgaard‐Smith Irene 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic dramatically disrupted and reconfigured the cross‐border movements of people. Based on an anthropological study of the experiences of transnational migrants during the pandemic (May 2020–May 2021), this article explores stories of how cross‐border immobility impacts transnational life and sense of belonging. The stories reveal the emotional toll of prolonged family separation across geographical distances when loved ones are no longer ‘just one flight away’ and give voice to experiences of being ‘trapped’, ‘stuck’ or ‘stranded’ in a state of transnational limbo. Running through the stories are intensified experiences of foreignness, non‐belonging, precariousness and discrimination. Some also felt abandoned by their country of origin as border closures left them ‘locked out’ and ‘blowing in the wind’, fostering an experience akin to exile.
Prevalence of fluid overload in an urbanUShemodialysis population: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Moissl Ulrich , Fuentes Lemuel Rivera , Hakim Mohamad I. , Hassler Manuel , Kothari Dewangi A. , Rosales Laura , Zhu Fansan , Raimann Jochen G. , Thijssen Stephan , Kotanko Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionInadequate fluid status remains a key driver of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Quantification of fluid overload (FO) using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has become standard in many countries. To date, no BIS device has been approved in the United States for fluid status assessment in kidney patients. Therefore, no previous quantification of fluid status in US kidney patients using BIS has been reported. Our aim was to conduct a cross‐sectional BIS‐based assessment of fluid status in an urban US HD population.MethodsWe determined fluid status in chronic HD patients using whole body BIS (Body Composition Monitor, BCM). The BCM reports FO in liters; negative FO denotes fluid depletion. Measurements were performed before dialysis. Post‐HD FO was estimated by subtracting the intradialytic weight loss from the pre‐HD FO.FindingsWe studied 170 urban HD patients (age 61 ± 14 years, 60% male). Pre‐ and post‐HD FO (mean ± SD), were 2.2 ± 2.4 and −0.2 ± 2.7 L, respectively. Pre‐HD, 43% of patients were fluid overloaded, 53% normally hydrated, and 4% fluid depleted. Post‐HD, 12% were fluid overloaded, 55% normohydrated and 32% fluid depleted. Only 48% of fluid overloaded patients were hypertensive, while 38% were normotensive and 14% hypotensive. Fluid status did not differ significantly between African Americans (N = 90) and Caucasians (N = 61).DiscussionWhile about half of the patients had normal fluid status pre‐HD, a considerable proportion of patients was either fluid overloaded or depleted, indicating the need for tools to objectively quantify fluid status.
Prognostication in Japanese patients with bacillus Calmette‐Guérin‐unresponsive non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer undergoing early radical cystectomy
Authors: Nishimura Nobutaka , Miyake Makito , Iida Kota , Miyamoto Tatsuki , Tomida Ryotaro , Numakura Kazuyuki , Inokuchi Junichi , Yoneyama Takahiro , Matsumura Yoshiaki , Yajima Shugo , Masuda Hitoshi , Terada Naoki , Taoka Rikiya , Kobayashi Takashi , Kojima Takahiro , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Nishiyama Naotaka , Kitamura Hiroshi , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesThe US Food and Drug Administration recently defined the clinical term “bacillus Calmette‐Guérin‐unresponsive non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer” as a disease state resistant to adequate bacillus Calmette‐Guérin therapy. There is a significant lack of prognostication for this disease even in patients who have undergone early radical cystectomy. This study aimed to identify the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in Japanese patients with bacillus Calmette‐Guérin‐unresponsive non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer who underwent early radical cystectomy.MethodsData from a large‐scale multicenter retrospective study included 2879 patients with highest‐risk or high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer who received intravesical bacillus Calmette‐Guérin induction therapy between January 2000 and December 2019. A total of 141 patients (4.3%) met the criteria for bacillus Calmette‐Guérin‐unresponsive disease, of whom 47 (33.3%) underwent early radical cystectomy. Prognostic factors for three clinical endpoints, namely, unresectable lesion‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival, were identified.ResultsThe highest‐risk status at induction bacillus Calmette‐Guérin was associated with short unresectable lesion‐free survival (hazard ratio 7.85; P < 0.05), cancer‐specific survival (hazard ratio 12.24; P < 0.05), and overall survival (hazard ratio 9.25; P < 0.01). Moreover, extravesical tumors (pathological T3 or T4) on the radical cystectomy specimens were associated with poor prognosis and were found at a higher rate in patients with the highest‐risk status at induction bacillus Calmette‐Guérin than in those with high‐risk status (35.7% vs 21.2%).ConclusionsThe highest‐risk status among the pre‐bacillus Calmette‐Guérin factors was associated with upstaging to extravesical tumors and poor prognosis despite early radical cystectomy procedures. Appropriate decision‐making and the correct timing of radical cystectomy are vital to avoid treatment delays and improve outcomes.
Investigation of the effect of surface phosphate ester dispersant on viscosity by coarse‐grain modeling of BaTiO slurry
Authors: Nakata Hiroya , Kiguchi Takayoshi , Hino Osamu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo understand the role of phosphate ester dispersant, we investigated the rheology of a BaTiO slurry. For the model case, a coarse‐grain molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulation was performed with the butyral polymer didodecyl hydrogen phosphate (DHP) in the toluene/ethanol solvent. By systematically analyzing the effect of DHP from an atomic‐scale first principle and from all‐atom MD to microscale CGMD simulation, we investigated how the adsorption of a DHP dispersant on a BaTiO surface affects the microstructure rheology of a BaTiO slurry. The first‐principle and all‐atom MD simulation suggests that DHP molecules prefer to locate near the BaTiO surface. CGMD simulation shows a reduction in viscosity with an increase in dispersants, suggesting that the dispersant population near the BaTiO surface plays a key role in controlling the rheology of the BaTiO slurry. In this study, we propose an approach for understanding the BaTiO slurry with molecular‐level simulations, which would be a useful tool for efficient optimization of slurry preparation.
Lead thioarsenate system PbS–As2S3: Glass formation, macroscopic, and electric properties
Authors: Alrifai Bouthayna , Kassem Mohammad , Bokova Maria , Fourmentin Marc , Poupin Christophe , Toufaily Joumana , Bychkov Eugene 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLead thioarsenate glasses are promising materials for a number of potential applications in far infrared optics, chemical sensing, nonlinear photonics, etc. Electronic properties of the PbS–As2S3 glasses were studied in the past, however, the relationship between the glass and crystal characteristics have not been established. Here we compare the glass‐forming domain in the pseudo‐binary system obtained by usual melt–quenching and mechanical milling. Macroscopic and electrical glass properties are analyzed in comparison with their crystalline counterparts: PbAs2S4, Pb5As9S18, and Pb2As2S5, and the annealed glasses yielding glassy/crystalline alloys. Although the primary crystallization phases in glasses are consistent with the phase diagram, the lead local environment seems to be different in glasses and crystals, reflected by their properties and preliminary high‐energy X‐ray diffraction results.
Effect of dental screening on cardiovascular risk: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Keun‐Suh , Kim Tackeun , Kang Si‐Hyuck , Lee Jae Ryun , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Lee Hyejin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of dental screening on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using data from a nationwide population‐based cohort.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study extracted data of 478,245 individuals aged 40–79 years who participated in a health screening programme during 2002–2003 from the National Health Insurance Service–National Health Screening Cohort. Based on screening experience, participants were classified into the non‐screening, general screening only, and dental screening groups. Using Cox proportional hazard models, hazard ratios (HRs) were determined for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during each group's 11‐year follow‐up period.ResultsThe risk of MACE in the dental screening group was 10% lower than that in the non‐screening group (adjusted HR, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–0.93; p < .001) and 9% lower than that in the general screening only group (adjusted HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.89–0.94; p < .001).ConclusionsDental screening was associated with a lower MACE risk; however, decreases in CVD‐related healthcare utilization and costs were not clinically significant. The association could be attributed to healthy habits of participants in the dental screening group; nevertheless, it is conceivable that the improvement of oral health through dental screening influenced CVD prevention.
Leadership of PhD‐prepared nurses working in hospitals and its influence on career development: A qualitative study
Authors: van Dongen Lisa J. C. , Hafsteinsdóttir Thóra B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore leadership experiences and the influence of leadership on career development of PhD‐prepared nurses working in hospitals.BackgroundThe Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) represents the highest level of education for a career in research and scholarship. PhD‐prepared nurses have an important role in advancing the nursing discipline by conducting and implementing research finding. Given the rapidly changing health care environment, there is a clear need for PhD‐prepared nurses with strong leadership competences. Currently, there is a dearth of studies exploring leadership of PhD‐prepared nurses working in hospitals.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodA purposive sample with PhD‐prepared nurses employed at clinical departments was used. Twelve interviews were conducted with participants from seven hospitals. Perceptions towards leadership, leadership experiences, leadership barriers and the influence of leadership on career development were discussed. Interviews were thematically analysed. Reporting followed the COREQ guidelines.ResultsThree themes addressing leadership experiences were found: (1) “Leadership is needed for career development” describes how participants took initiative and received support from colleagues and mentors; (2) “Practicing leadership behaviours” describes leadership behaviours and feelings associated with leadership and (3) “Leadership influenced by the hospital setting” describes the working environment including struggling nursing research cultures and infrastructures with limited positions, managerial support and opportunities for collaboration.ConclusionAlthough participants showed leadership to advance their careers, barriers related to working environment were found. Stakeholders should invest into opportunities to develop and utilise leadership competences and development of strong nursing research cultures and infrastructures with sustainable career frameworks and positions.Relevance for clinical practiceThere is a need for ongoing efforts to build strong leadership competences as well as nursing research cultures and infrastructures with career pathways and suitable positions for PhD‐prepared nurses within hospitals to empower them to strengthen nursing.
Home‐based nursing care competencies: A scoping review
Authors: Rusli Khairul Dzakirin Bin , Tan Apphia Jia Qi , Ong Shu Fen , Speed Shaun , Lau Ying , Liaw Sok Ying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify and consolidate the available evidence about nursing‐related competencies for home‐based care.BackgroundOver recent years, the demand for home‐based nursing care has increased because of the need to meet the increasing need for chronic disease care to be delivered in patients' homes. However, knowledge is lacking about the expected competencies for home‐based care nurses.DesignA scoping review was conducted in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley's six‐step scoping review framework and the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. The review identified literature using five electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus) and a hand search for grey literature in relevant home‐based care journals and online searches. Key search terms and inclusion and exclusion criteria were used as strategies to identify relevant articles.ResultsSixty‐four articles were eligible for inclusion. Mapping and narrative synthesis of 116 elements related to home‐based nursing care competencies identified the following 10 competencies: (1) care assessments; (2) performance of nursing procedures; (3) management of health conditions; (4) critical thinking and problem‐solving skills; (5) interpersonal relationships and communication; (6) interdisciplinary collaboration; (7) leadership and resource management; (8) professional development; (9) technological literacy; (10) quality and safety.Conclusion and relevance to clinical practiceThis review provides insight into current knowledge about home‐based nursing care competencies. These competencies could be used to evaluate nurses’ competence level for home‐based care or for development of appropriate professional education. The review also outlines the scope of nursing practice in home‐based care, which provides support for some form of standardisation of home‐based nursing care expectations across various stakeholders.
Mental health at the COVID‐19 frontline: An assessment of distress, fear, and coping among staff and attendees at screening clinics of rural/regional settings of Victoria, Australia
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Aziz , Ford Dale , Sousa Grace , Hedley Lorraine , Greenstock Louise , Cross Wendy M. , Brumby Susan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeResearch examining psychological well‐being associated with COVID‐19 in rural/regional Australia is limited. This study aimed to assess the extent of psychological distress, fear of COVID‐19, and coping strategies among the attendees in COVID‐19 screening clinics at 2 rural Victorian settings.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted during July 2020 to February 2021 inclusive. Participants were invited to fill in an online questionnaire. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K‐10), Fear of COVID‐19 Scale, and Brief Resilient Coping Scale were used to assess psychological distress, fear of COVID‐19, and coping, respectively.FindingsAmong 702 total participants, 69% were females and mean age (±SD) was 49 (±15.8) years. One in 5 participants (156, 22%) experienced high to very high psychological distress, 1 in 10 (72, 10%) experienced high fear, and more than half (397, 57%) had medium to high resilient coping. Participants with mental health issues had higher distress (AOR 10.4, 95% CI: 6.25‐17.2) and fear (2.56, 1.41‐4.66). Higher distress was also associated with having comorbidities, increased smoking (5.71, 1.04‐31.4), and alcohol drinking (2.03, 1.21‐3.40). Higher fear was associated with negative financial impact, drinking alcohol (2.15, 1.06‐4.37), and increased alcohol drinking. Medium to high resilient coping was associated with being ≥60 years old (1.84, 1.04‐3.24) and completing Bachelor and above levels of education.ConclusionPeople who had pre‐existing mental health issues, comorbidities, smoked, and consumed alcohol were identified as high‐risk groups for poorer psychological well‐being in rural/regional Victoria. Specific interventions to support the mental well‐being of these vulnerable populations, along with engaging health care providers, should be considered.
A reflective account of using child‐led interviews as a means to promote discussions about reading
Authors: Webber Charlotte , Wilkinson Katherine , Andries Valentina , McGeown Sarah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article provides a reflective account of the participatory methodology employed in the Growing up a Reader research study. The aim of the Growing up a Reader study was to explore children's (age 9–11) perceptions of a ‘reader’ and their reasons for reading different text types. This involved training 12 primary school children as student interviewers. Students were interviewed by the adult research team and then interviewed peers themselves (n = 21). For the purpose of this reflection, a data‐driven inductive thematic analysis of the interviews was conducted and comparisons were drawn between those led by children and those led by adults. Child‐led interviews were more likely to lead to natural discussions about reading as students engaged in the co‐creation of knowledge surrounding their shared reading experiences. Child‐led interviews also featured creative communication styles and reflexive use of language to understand each other's reading experiences. Reflections upon child‐led interviews as a tool for deepening understanding of children's literary experiences are made in order to provide methodological insights relevant for both researchers and practitioners seeking to use participatory methods to collaborate with children. Limitations regarding training and support, and ethical and epistemological considerations regarding adult input are also discussed.
Construction site information decentralized management using blockchain and smart contracts
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Tengyu , Yuen Ka‐Veng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe digital management of engineering construction is one of the primary tasks of smart construction sites. In the current practice of construction site information management, there are a series of fraudulent behaviors such as engineering data being forged and modified and this seriously interferes with the safety supervision of engineering projects. In order to improve the security and traceability of multi‐type engineering data, this paper presents a framework of system for construction site information management using blockchain and smart contracts. In this method, multiple independent smart contracts are developed for different data types. It ensures that the system can dynamically deploy new smart contracts without interrupting service, facilitating the expansion of scenario services. More importantly, the data analysis function is extended to the terminal, which allows the integration of different data analysis algorithms such as deep learning into information management. The design breaks the restriction that only rule‐based data analysis can be performed. Meanwhile, the distributed federation architecture ensures that the data cannot be tampered with. Finally, the three most common types of data (namely text, time‐series, and image) were used to verify the security and stability of the management system.