bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Mednick’s (1962) Theory of Creativity with a Composite Measure of Creativity: The Effect of Stimulus Type on Word Association Production
Authors: Vitrano Deana , Altarriba Jeanette , Leblebici‐Basar Deniz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractS.A. Mednick (1962) proposed a theory of creativity suggesting that highly creative individuals can produce more word associations to a stimulus than less creative individuals. Numerous studies have supported this theory using the Remote Associates Test (RAT) as the measure of creativity. Additionally, some studies have suggested that high‐frequency words elicit more word associations overall than low‐frequency words, and concrete words elicit more associations overall than abstract words. The current study further investigated Mednick’s theory by (a) creating controlled lists of stimuli that can better uncover how word type (abstract versus concrete) and word frequency (high versus low) affect the number of word associations produced to a stimulus, (b) including several creativity tasks besides the RAT, and (c) examining the role of other factors in creative thinking, including intelligence and verbal fluency. Participants first completed a word association task with four different types of words (i.e., high‐frequency concrete, low‐frequency concrete, high‐frequency abstract, and low‐frequency abstract), and then completed a variety of tasks, including several creativity tasks. Participants were categorized as highly creative or less creative based on a composite measure of the creativity tasks. Highly creative individuals produced more associations overall, supporting Mednick’s theory. Furthermore, high‐frequency stimuli resulted in higher overall associative responses compared to low‐frequency stimuli, but contrary to previous research, no differences emerged for concrete versus abstract stimuli. There was also no difference in intelligence scores between the two creativity groups, and only a marginally significant difference in verbal fluency scores.
Reduced pests, improved grain quality and greater total income: benefits of intercropping rice with Pontederia cordata
Authors: Xiang Huimin , Lan Ni , Wang Fugang , Zhao Benliang , Wei Hui , Zhang Jiaen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntercropping, which is growing two or more different crops in the same field simultaneously, is an effective traditional agricultural practice for productivity, resource utilization, and pest control. However, study on intercropping in paddy fields is limited. So in this study, field experiments of 2 years/four seasons (early and late seasons in 2016 and 2017) were conducted to examine the effects of rice‐Pontederia cordata intercropping on rice plant growth, pest control, yield, income, and grain quality.RESULTSWe found rice‐P. cordata intercropping significantly decreased the occurrence of rice diseases and pests, with a 22.0–45.9% reduction in sheath blight and a 33.8–34.4% reduction in leaf folders. The mean land equivalent ratio (LER) (1.09) result indicates that intercropping rice and P. cordata generated positive yield effects. In addition, due to the economic profit from the replacement stripe of P. cordata in the rice paddy field, intercropping rice with P. cordata could greatly enhance farmer income. The average total income of rice intercropped with P. cordata was 2.5‐fold higher than that of rice monoculture. Furthermore, intercropping significantly improved grain quality compared with the rice monoculture. It significantly increased the milled rice rate and whole milled rice rate by 11.2% and 12.8%, respectively, but decreased the chalky rice rate by 30.9–39.8% and chalkiness degree by 32.2%.CONCLUSIONSWe suggest that rice‐P. cordata intercropping provides an environmentally effective way to control rice diseases and pests, results in higher overall productivity and total income, and improves grain quality. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Screening of semi‐volatile compounds in plants treated with coated cerium oxide nanoparticles by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography
Authors: Milenković Ivana , Radotić Ksenija , Trifković Jelena , Vujisić Ljubodrag , Beškoski Vladimir P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLiterature data about semi‐volatile organic compounds in plants and the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on them are scarce. Surface modification of nanoparticles may change nanoparticle‐environment interaction, and therefore affects compounds in plants. In this research, uncoated and glucose‐, levan‐, and pullulan‐coated cerium oxide nanoparticles were used for wheat and pea treatment during the growth. The aim was the screening of semi‐volatile organic compounds from plants’ shoots using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, a powerful separation technique allowing to reach unique separation resolution, and investigation of qualitative changes after the treatment with coated cerium oxide nanoparticles. The results were analyzed by the identification of individual peaks and fingerprint analysis by image processing. Wheat samples contained a higher number of semi‐volatile organic compounds (108) compared to pea (77) but were less affected by the treatments with coated nanoparticles. The highest number of compounds was detected in wheat after the treatment with levan‐ and pullulan‐coated nanoparticles, and in pea after treatment with levan‐coated nanoparticles. This article reports a successful application of a semi‐volatile organic compounds profile presented only as categorical variables and unique fingerprint images for the inter‐cultivar recognition. This method may be useful in screening nanoparticles’ effects on different plants.
Changes in carbon stocks and its economic valuation under a changing land use pattern—A multitemporal study in Konar catchment, India
Authors: Rajbanshi Joy , Das Sharmistha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLand use and land cover (LULC) changes influence the global terrestrial carbon pools and carbon sequestration processes to great extents. Therefore, the understanding of the soil carbon dynamics under the dire pressure of LULC changes is highly necessary. The subhumid tropical catchment of Konar, India, has endured immense LULC transitions over the years and this is likely to promote altered carbon exchanges with atmosphere and, thus, has a significant impact on climate regulation and ecosystem services. Our study analyzed the change in total carbon storage in the past (1992–2004 and 2004–2016) and predicted the future (2030) with respect to the changing land use scenario in the catchment. In addition, the monetary valuation of the carbon loss and/or gain in that area has been performed considering its economic value in the society. The Markov chain model was used in this work in order to predict the LULC map for the future period, and integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade‐offs (InVEST) model was applied to measure the changes in total carbon stocks. The results show that 129,273.75 Mg carbon has already been lost from 2004 to 2016 that is worth of $US 20.06 million ($US 212.69 ha−1), and another 66,050.25 Mg of carbon which is worth of $US 9.73 million ($US 103.21 ha−1) is expected to be lost in future by 2030. A thorough understanding of the carbon scenario of the study area may help to promote feasible mitigation actions to conserve the carbon pools.
Perampanel Inhibits α‐Synuclein Transmission in Parkinson's Disease Models
Authors: Ueda Jun , Uemura Norihito , Sawamura Masanori , Taguchi Tomoyuki , Ikuno Masashi , Kaji Seiji , Taruno Yosuke , Matsuzawa Shuichi , Yamakado Hodaka , Takahashi Ryosuke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe intercellular transmission of pathogenic proteins plays a key role in the clinicopathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that this uptake and release process is regulated by neuronal activity.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the effect of perampanel, an antiepileptic drug, on α‐synuclein transmission in cultured cells and mouse models of Parkinson's disease.MethodsMouse primary hippocampal neurons were transduced with α‐synuclein preformed fibrils to examine the effect of perampanel on the development of α‐synuclein pathology and its mechanisms of action. An α‐synuclein preformed fibril‐injected mouse model was used to validate the effect of oral administration of perampanel on the α‐synuclein pathology in vivo.ResultsPerampanel inhibited the development of α‐synuclein pathology in mouse hippocampal neurons transduced with α‐synuclein preformed fibrils. Interestingly, perampanel blocked the neuronal uptake of α‐synuclein preformed fibrils by inhibiting macropinocytosis in a neuronal activity‐dependent manner. We confirmed that oral administration of perampanel ameliorated the development of α‐synuclein pathology in wild‐type mice inoculated with α‐synuclein preformed fibrils.ConclusionModulation of neuronal activity could be a promising therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease, and perampanel could be a novel disease‐modifying drug for Parkinson's disease. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Latent variable Gaussian process models: A rank‐based analysis and an alternative approach
Authors: Tao Siyu , Apley Daniel W. , Plumlee Matthew , Chen Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGaussian process (GP) models have been extended to emulate expensive computer simulations with both qualitative/categorical and quantitative/continuous variables. Latent variable (LV) GP models, which have been recently developed to map each qualitative variable to some underlying numerical LVs, have strong physics‐based justification and have achieved promising performance. Two versions use LVs in Cartesian (LV‐Car) space and hyperspherical (LV‐sph) space, respectively. Despite their success, the effects of these different LV structures are still poorly understood. This article illuminates this issue with two contributions. First, we develop a theorem on the effect of the ranks of the qualitative factor correlation matrices of mixed‐variable GP models, from which we conclude that the LV‐sph model restricts the interactions between the input variables and thus restricts the types of response surface data with which the model can be consistent. Second, following a rank‐based perspective like in the theorem, we propose a new alternative model named LV‐mix that combines the LV‐based correlation structures from both LV‐Car and LV‐sph models to achieve better model flexibility than them. Through extensive case studies, we show that LV‐mix achieves higher average accuracy compared with the existing two.
Unwanted isolation: An obstacle to constructive interaction between oncology nurses and their patients
Authors: Pishgooie Amir Hossain , Mohtashami Jamileh , Atashzadeh‐Shoorideh Foroozan , Sanaie Neda , Fathollahzadeh Ensieh , Skerrett Victoria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe current study was carried out to investigate the obstacles faced by oncology nurses in their interactions with their patients.DesignThis research is a descriptive qualitative study.MethodsIn this study, conventional content analysis was used for analysing the data collected from 26 oncology nurses. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Semi‐structured interviews were used for collecting data. Data analysis was conducted with Elo and Kyngäs's approach.ResultsThe results included three categories: “role conflict,” “role overload” and “inefficient interaction,” and 10 subcategories.
Premedication practices for neonatal tracheal intubation: Results from the EPIPPAIN 2 prospective cohort study and comparison with EPIPPAIN 1
Authors: Walter‐Nicolet Elizabeth , Marchand‐Martin Laetitia , Guellec Isabelle , Biran Valérie , Moktari Mostafa , Zana‐Taieb Elodie , Magny Jean‐François , Desfrère Luc , Waszak Paul , Boileau Pascal , Chauvin Gilles , de Saint Blanquat Laure , Borrhomée Suzanne , Droutman Stéphanie , Merhi Mona , Zupan Véronique , Karoui Leila , Cimerman Patricia , Carbajal Ricardo , Durrmeyer Xavier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo describe the frequency and nature of premedication practices for neonatal tracheal intubation (TI) in 2011; to identify independent risk factors for the absence of premedication; to compare data with those from 2005 and to confront observed practices with current recommendations. Data concerning TI performed in neonates during the first 14 days of their admission to participating neonatal/pediatric intensive care units were prospectively collected at the bedside. This study was part of the Epidemiology of Procedural Pain in Neonates study (EPIPPAIN 2) conducted in 16 tertiary care units in the region of Paris, France, in 2011. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with premedication use and multilevel analysis to identify center effect. Results were compared with those of the EPIPPAIN 1 study, conducted in 2005 with a similar design, and to a current guidance for the clinician for this procedure. One hundred and twenty‐one intubations carried out in 121 patients were analyzed. The specific premedication rate was 47% and drugs used included mainly propofol (26%), sufentanil (24%), and ketamine (12%). Three factors were associated with the use of a specific premedication: nonemergent TI (Odds ratio (OR) [95% CI]: 5.3 [1.49‐20.80]), existence of a specific written protocol in the ward (OR [95% CI]:4.80 [2.12‐11.57]), and the absence of a nonspecific concurrent analgesia infusion before TI (OR [95% CI]: 3.41 [1.46‐8.45]). No center effect was observed. The specific premedication rate was lower than the 56% rate observed in 2005. The drugs used were more homogenous and consistent with the current recommendations than in 2005, especially in centers with a specific written protocol. Premedication use prior to neonatal TI was low, even for nonemergent procedures. Scientific consensus, implementation of international or national recommendations, and local written protocols are urgently needed to improve premedication practices for neonatal intubation.
Local application reduces number of needed EPC for beneficial effects on wound healing compared to systemic treatment in mice
Authors: Sommer Katharina , Jakob Heike , Kisch Tobias , Henrich Dirk , Marzi Ingo , Frank Johannes , Sander Anna L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Stem cell transplantation is one of the most promising strategies to improve healing in chronic wounds as systemic administration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) enhances healing by promoting neovascularization and homing though a high amount of cells is needed. In the following study, we analysed whether local application can reduce the number of EPC needed achieving the same beneficial effect on wound healing.

Material and Methods
Wound healing after local or systemic treatment with EPC was monitored in vivo by creating standardized wounds on the dorsum of hairless mice measuring wound closure every second day. Systemic group received 2 × 106 EPC i.v. and locally treated group 2 × 105 EPC, locally injected. As control PBS injection was performed the same way. Expression of CD31, VEGF, CD90 and, SDF-1α was analysed immunohistochemically for evaluation of neovascularisation and amelioration of homing.

Results
Local (7.1 ± 0.45 SD) as well as systemic (6.1 ± 0.23 SD) EPC transplantation led to a significant acceleration of wound closure compared to controls (PBS local: 9.7 ± 0.5 SD, PBS systemic 10.9 ± 0.38 SD). Systemic application enhanced CD31 expression on day 6 after wounding and local EPC on 6 and 9 in comparison to control. VEGF expression was not significantly affected. Systemic and local EPC treatment resulted in a significantly enhanced SDF-1α and CD90 expression on all days investigated.

Conclusion
Local as well as systemic EPC treatment enhances wound healing. Moreover, beneficial effects are obtained with a tenfold decrease number of EPC when applied locally. Thus, local EPC treatment might be more convenient way to enhance wound healing as number of progenitor cells is limited.
Discrimination in the age of artificial intelligence
Authors: Heinrichs Bert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I examine whether the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making (ADM) aggravates issues of discrimination as has been argued by several authors. For this purpose, I first take up the lively philosophical debate on discrimination and present my own definition of the concept. Equipped with this account, I subsequently review some of the recent literature on the use AI/ADM and discrimination. I explain how my account of discrimination helps to understand that the general claim in view of the aggravation of discrimination is unwarranted. Finally, I argue that the use of AI/ADM can, in fact, increase issues of discrimination, but in a different way than most critics assume: it is due to its epistemic opacity that AI/ADM threatens to undermine our moral deliberation which is essential for reaching a common understanding of what should count as discrimination. As a consequence, it turns out that algorithms may actually help to detect hidden forms of discrimination.
Relationship between pancreatic parenchyma loss and early postoperative hyperglycemia in patients with benign pancreatic diseases
Authors: Wen Kan , Cen Chunyuan , Wu Leidi , Huang Mengting , Yang Hongli , Yue Xiaofei , Zhang Yu , Ma Guina , Li Xin , Han Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the relationship between pancreatic parenchyma loss and early postoperative hyperglycemia in patients with benign pancreatic diseases.

Methods
A total of 171 patients with benign pancreatic tumors or chronic pancreatitis, whose preoperative fasting blood glucose (FBG) was normal and who underwent partial pancreatectomy were reviewed. The pancreatic volume was measured by CT imaging before and after the operation. According to their different pancreatic resection volume (PRV), 171 patients were divided into five groups: < 30%, 30%–39%, 40%–49%, 50%–59%, and ≥ 60%. The correlation between the PRV and postoperative FBG was investigated. According to the postoperative FBG value, the patients were divided into a hyperglycemia group (HG) and nonhyperglycemia group (non-HG) to explore the best cutoff value of the PRV between the two groups.

Results
There were significant differences in the postoperative FBG among the five groups (PRV < 30%, 30%–39%, 40%–49%, 50%–59%, and ≥ 60%). The PRV was positively correlated with postoperative FBG in the benign tumor group and chronic pancreatitis group (R = 0.727 and 0.651, respectively). ROC curve analysis showed that the best cutoff value of the PRV between the HG (n = 84) and non-HG (n = 87) was 39.95% with an AUC = 0.898; the sensitivity was 89.29%, and the specificity was 82.76%.

Conclusion
There was a linear positive correlation between the postoperative FBG level and PRV. Patients with a PRV ≥ 40% are more likely to develop early postoperative hyperglycemia.
Health-economic evaluation of collaborative orthogeriatric care for patients with a hip fracture in Germany: a retrospective cohort study using health and long-term care insurance claims data
Authors: Schulz Claudia , Büchele Gisela , Peter Raphael S. , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Brettschneider Christian , Liener Ulrich C. , Becker Clemens , Rapp Kilian , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Evidence suggests benefits of orthogeriatric co-management (OGCM) for hip fracture patients. Yet, evidence on cost-effectiveness is limited and based on small datasets. The aim of our study was to conduct an economic evaluation of the German OGCM for geriatric hip fracture patients.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study was based on German health and long-term care insurance data. Individuals were 80 years and older, sustained a hip fracture in 2014, and were treated in hospitals providing OGCM (OGCM group) or standard care (control group). Health care costs from payer and societal perspective, life years gained (LYG) and cost-effectiveness were investigated within 1 year. We applied weighted gamma and two-part models, and entropy balancing to account for the lack of randomisation. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) and employed the net-benefit approach to construct cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.

Results
14,005 patients were treated in OGCM, and 10,512 in standard care hospitals. Total average health care costs per patient were higher in the OGCM group: €1181.53 (p < 0.001) from payer perspective, and €1408.21 (p < 0.001) from societal perspective. The ICER equalled €52,378.12/ LYG from payer and €75,703.44/ LYG from societal perspective. The probability for cost-effectiveness would be 95% if the willingness-to-pay was higher than €82,000/ LYG from payer, and €95,000/ LYG from societal perspective.

Conclusion
Survival improved in hospitals providing OGCM. Costs were found to increase, driven by inpatient and long-term care. The cost-effectiveness depends on the willingness-to-pay. The ICER is likely to improve with a longer follow-up.
Modelling interaction patterns in a predator-prey system of two freshwater organisms in discrete time: an identified structural VAR approach
Authors: Herwartz Helmut 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn ecology, the concept of predation describes interdependent patterns of having one species (called the predator) killing and consuming another (the prey). Specifying the so-called functional response of prey populations to predation is an important matter of debate which is typically addressed by means of continuous time models. Empirical regression or autoregression models applied to discrete predator-prey population data promise feasible steady state approximations of often complicated dynamic patterns of population growth and interaction. Ewing et al. (Ecol Econ 60:605–612, 2007) argue in favour of the informational content of so-called vector autoregressive models for the dynamic analysis of predator-prey systems. In this work we reconsider their analysis of dynamic interaction of two freshwater organisms, and design a structural model that allows to approximate the functional response in causal form. Results from an unrestricted structural model are in line with core axiomatic assumptions of predator-prey models. Conditional on population growth lagged up to three periods (i.e., 36 h), the semi-daily population growth of the preyParamecium aureliadiminishes, on average, by 1.2 percentage points in response to an increase of the population growth of the predatorDidinium nasutumby one percentage point.