bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vegivinti Charan T. R. , Pederson John M. , Saravu Kavitha , Gupta Nitin , Evanson Kirk W. , Kamrowski Shelby , Schmidt Megan , Barrett Averi , Trent Hannah , Dibas Mahmoud , Reierson Natalie L. , Mikoff Nick , Pisipati Sailaja , Joseph Betsy A. , Selvan Pragadeesh T. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Pulakurthi Yashwitha S. , Keesari Praneeth R. , Sriram Varsha , Chittajallu Spandana , Brinjikji Waleed , Katamreddy Rewanth R. , Chibbar Richa , Davis Amber R. , Malpe Manashree , Mishra Hemant K. , Kallmes Kevin M. , Hassan Ameer E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to examine clinical outcomes associated with convalescent plasma therapy in COVID‐19 patients. We performed a literature search on PubMed, medRxiv, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify studies published up to December 10th, 2020 that examined the efficacy of convalescent plasma treatment for COVID‐19. The primary endpoints were mortality, clinical improvement, and hospital length of stay. We screened 859 studies that met the search criteria, performed full‐text reviews of 56 articles, and identified 15 articles that fulfilled inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis. The odds of mortality were significantly lower in the convalescent plasma group compared to the control group (OR = 0.59 [95% CI = 0.44; 0.78], P < .001), although results from two key randomized controlled trials did not support the mortality benefit. The odds of clinical improvement were significantly higher in the convalescent plasma group compared to the control group (OR = 2.02 [95% CI = 1.54; 2.65], P < .001). There was no difference in hospital length of stay between the convalescent plasma group and the control group (MD = −0.49 days [95% CI = −3.11; 2.12], P = .713). In all, these data indicate that a mortality benefit with convalescent plasma is unclear, although there remain benefits with convalescent plasma therapy for COVID‐19.
Chalcogen bonds: Hierarchical ab initio benchmark and density functional theory performance study
Authors: de Azevedo Santos Lucas , Ramalho Teodorico C. , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have performed a hierarchical ab initio benchmark and DFT performance study of D2Ch•••A− chalcogen bonds (Ch = S, Se; D, A = F, Cl). The ab initio benchmark study is based on a series of ZORA‐relativistic quantum chemical methods [HF, MP2, CCSD, CCSD(T)], and all‐electron relativistically contracted variants of Karlsruhe basis sets (ZORA‐def2‐SVP, ZORA‐def2‐TZVPP, ZORA‐def2‐QZVPP) with and without diffuse functions. The highest‐level ZORA‐CCSD(T)/ma‐ZORA‐def2‐QZVPP counterpoise‐corrected complexation energies (ΔECPC) are converged within 1.1–3.4 kcal mol−1 and 1.5–3.1 kcal mol−1 with respect to the method and basis set, respectively. Next, we used the ZORA‐CCSD(T)/ma‐ZORA‐def2‐QZVPP (ΔECPC) as reference data for analyzing the performance of 13 different ZORA‐relativistic DFT approaches in combination with the Slater‐type QZ4P basis set. We find that the three‐best performing functionals are M06‐2X, B3LYP, and M06, with mean absolute errors (MAE) of 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 kcal mol−1, respectively. The MAE for BLYP‐D3(BJ) and PBE amount to 8.5 and 9.3 kcal mol−1, respectively.
Selective converting surface states of hematite photoelectrodes to catalytic active sites
Authors: Xu Su , Lin Cheng , Wang TsingHai , Wang Chu‐Fang , Chen Chiu‐Wen , Dong Cheng‐Di 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is capable of converting solar energy to hydrogen and recombination loss at surface states inevitably compromises its efficiency. Selective conversion surface states to catalytic active sites would, therefore, have positive effect on photocurrent enhancement. We first adopted Zn(II) and Cr(III) to in situ passivate surface state of hydrothermally grown hematite electrodes. By plotting the photocurrent onset potential against the fraction of occupied adsorption site by Zn(II) and Cr(III), we found that surface state accounted for 0.1% of active sites of hematite electrodes. The fully passivated hematite possessed a reduced photocurrent onset potential by 0.12 V in comparison with that of raw hematite. Importantly, additional heat treatment of fully passivated hematite provided a great opportunity to selectively convert surface states to catalytic sites. For example, low temperature (120°C) treatment of Zn(II) passivated hematite was noted to exhibit almost doubled photocurrent at 1.1 VRHE in comparison with that of raw hematite. Our experimental results would be valuable for the insights into the electrode/electrolyte interface phenomenon and the strategies for PEC efficiency enhancement.
JNK pathway‐associated phosphatase associates with rheumatoid arthritis risk, disease activity, and its longitudinal elevation relates to etanercept treatment response
Authors: Sun Li , Tu Jianxin , Chen Xiaowei , Dai Meijie , Xia Xiaoru , Liu Cailong , Zhou Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the relationship of serum JNK pathway‐associated phosphatase (JKAP) expression with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk and clinical features, also to explore the longitudinal change of JKAP during etanercept treatment and its relationship with etanercept treatment response in RA patients.MethodsA total of 87 RA patients and 44 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled; then, their JKAP expression in serum was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among 87 RA patients, 42 cases further received the 24‐week etanercept treatment; then, their JKAP level in serum (detected by ELISA) and clinical response (evaluated by disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) score) were evaluated at week 4 (W4), week 12 (W12), and week 24 (W24) after initiation of etanercept treatment.ResultsJKAP expression was decreased in RA patients compared to HCs, which disclosed a good predictive value for RA risk. JKAP expression was negatively associated with tender joint count, swollen joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein, and DAS28 in RA patients, respectively. For RA patients who received 24‐week etanercept treatment, their clinical response rate was 0.0%, 33.3%, 50.0%, and 69% at W0, W4, W12, and W24, respectively. Importantly, JKAP was gradually increased during etanercept treatment, whose longitudinal elevation positively related to etanercept treatment response in RA patients.ConclusionCirculating JKAP links with decreased RA risk and mild disease activity, whose longitudinal elevation positively relates to etanercept treatment response.
A rare case of bilateral proboscis lateralis: Prenatal US and MRI findings
Authors: Sarsmaz Kemal , Lafci Oguz , Cayonu Kahraman Neval , Ergun Elif , Celen Sevki , Caglar Ali Turhan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProboscis lateralis is a very rare congenital craniofacial malformation characterized by a finger‐like tubular appendage arising usually from the medial canthal region. It is mostly unilateral and associated with other craniofacial malformations. Occasionally, proboscis lateralis is seen with holoprosencephaly. A rare case of bilateral proboscis lateralis which was diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging has been presented. In this case of bilateral proboscis lateralis, both lesions arose from a very lateral location and were associated with various central nervous system anomalies other than holoprosencephaly.
Adaptation of the working alliance inventory for the assessment of the therapeutic alliance in genetic counseling
Authors: Erby Lori H. , Wisniewski Tyler , Lewis Katie L. , Hernandez Christian , Biesecker Leslie G. , Biesecker Barbara B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe concept of therapeutic alliance is central to genetic counseling as the mechanism through which the outcomes of empowerment and effective coping are likely to be achieved. To date, there have been no published systematic assessments of the therapeutic relationship in genetic counseling. We adapted a previously validated measure of the therapeutic alliance to genetic counseling and assessed its reliability and validity. Participants were enrolled in a clinical genomic study where they were randomized to receive education about carrier results via a Web platform or via a genetic counselor and then further randomized to receive genetic counseling (without additional education) or not. We rated the therapeutic alliance from audio recordings of 120 genetic counseling sessions. We modified the observer version of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI‐O), initially designed to assess therapeutic relationships in psychotherapy. We examined internal consistency reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha and inter‐rater reliability through both percent agreement and Gwet's alternative agreement coefficient (AC). Regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship of WAI‐O scores with session length and with the designation of the session as one in which prior education was delivered by the genetic counselor or not. The adapted scale had high‐reliability characteristics with agreement of 88%‐93%, Gwet's AC of 0.84‐0.90, and Cronbach's alpha of 0.89‐0.93 for the three WAI‐O subscales (bonds, goals, and tasks). Although there was no difference in alliance based on whether prior education was provided by the genetic counselor, the total WAI‐O score significantly increased with increasing session length (beta =0.667, p<.001), providing preliminary evidence of construct validity. The WAI‐O that we have adapted can be used reliably with two independent raters to assess the therapeutic alliance in studies of genetic counseling. The initial evidence for construct validity is promising and should be reassessed in future genetic counseling studies using the WAI‐O.
Circulating status of microRNAs 660‐5p and 210‐3p in breast cancer patients
Authors: Nashtahosseini Zahra , Aghamaali Mahmoud Reza , Sadeghi Farzin , Heydari Nadia , Parsian Hadi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRs), which are stable in the blood, comprise small non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. They have important roles in almost all biological pathways, especially in cancer‐relevant processes, and have an abnormal expression in breast cancer. In recent studies, the aberrant expression level of various microRNAs has been demonstrated in human cancer. In the present study, the status of serum microRNA‐210‐3p and microRNA‐660‐5p expression levels in breast cancer patients was determined compared to healthy controls.MethodsSerum samples were collected from 40 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and 40 healthy controls. A real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was utilized to detect the expression levels of these microRNAs. Data analysis was conducted with p < 0.05 being considered statistically significant.ResultsThe data obtained showed that serum levels of miR‐660‐5p and miR‐210‐3p were significantly up‐regulated in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). In addition, significant up‐regulation was observed in the early stage (in situ, stage I and II) of breast cancer patients (n = 25) compared to healthy (n = 40) controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the serum miR‐660‐5p and miR‐210‐3p levels have reasonable sensitivity (79% and 68%) and specificity (61% and 51%) for the detection of breast cancer patients (area under the receiver‐operating curve = 0.774 and 0.716, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough the results show a reasonable diagnostic accuracy of these microRNAs for detection of breast cancer in this small and preliminary study, further large‐scale studies are essential to confirm the presented results.
Enantiomer‐specific pharmacokinetics of D,L‐3‐hydroxybutyrate: Implications for the treatment of multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: van Rijt Willemijn J. , Van Hove Johan L. K. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Havinga Rick , Allersma Derk P. , Zijp Tanja R. , Bedoyan Jirair K. , Heiner‐Fokkema M. R. , Reijngoud Dirk‐Jan , Geraghty Michael T. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Oosterveer Maaike H. , Derks Terry G. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractD,L‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (D,L‐3‐HB, a ketone body) treatment has been described in several inborn errors of metabolism, including multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD; glutaric aciduria type II). We aimed to improve the understanding of enantiomer‐specific pharmacokinetics of D,L‐3‐HB. Using UPLC‐MS/MS, we analyzed D‐3‐HB and L‐3‐HB concentrations in blood samples from three MADD patients, and blood and tissue samples from healthy rats, upon D,L‐3‐HB salt administration (patients: 736‐1123 mg/kg/day; rats: 1579‐6317 mg/kg/day of salt‐free D,L‐3‐HB). D,L‐3‐HB administration caused substantially higher L‐3‐HB concentrations than D‐3‐HB. In MADD patients, both enantiomers peaked at 30 to 60 minutes, and approached baseline after 3 hours. In rats, D,L‐3‐HB administration significantly increased Cmax and AUC of D‐3‐HB in a dose‐dependent manner (controls vs ascending dose groups for Cmax: 0.10 vs 0.30‐0.35‐0.50 mmol/L, and AUC: 14 vs 58‐71‐106 minutes*mmol/L), whereas for L‐3‐HB the increases were significant compared to controls, but not dose proportional (Cmax: 0.01 vs 1.88‐1.92‐1.98 mmol/L, and AUC: 1 vs 380‐454‐479 minutes*mmol/L). L‐3‐HB concentrations increased extensively in brain, heart, liver, and muscle, whereas the most profound rise in D‐3‐HB was observed in heart and liver. Our study provides important knowledge on the absorption and distribution upon oral D,L‐3‐HB. The enantiomer‐specific pharmacokinetics implies differential metabolic fates of D‐3‐HB and L‐3‐HB.
The association of viral load and disease severity in children with COVID‐19
Authors: Aykac Kubra , Cura Yayla Burcu Ceylan , Ozsurekci Yasemin , Evren Kubra , Oygar Pembe Derin , Gurlevik Sibel Lacinel , Coskun Tugce , Tasci Onur , Demirel Kaya Filiz , Fidanci Ilknur , Tasar Medine Aysin , Alp Alpaslan , Cengiz Ali Bulent , Karahan Sevilay , Ceyhan Mehmet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is still not fully understood how to predict the future prognosis of patients at the diagnosis coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) due to the wide clinical range of the disease. We aimed to evaluate whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) viral load could predict the clinical course of pediatric patients. This study was conducted retrospectively with medical records of pediatric patients who were tested for SARS‐CoV2 between April 12 and October 25, 2020 in the University of Health Sciences, Ankara Educating and Training Hospital and Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine. We evaluated 518 pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and classified according to severity as asymptomatic (16.2%), mild (59.6%), moderate (20.2%), and critical/severe (3.9%) cases. We analyzed patients in four groups in terms of ages: <4, 5‐9, 10–14, and 15–17 years. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of ∆Ct value among age groups, different gender and the existence of underlying diseases in each disease course. The ∆Ct values were relatively lower in the first 2 days of symptoms than after days in all groups. Our study has indicated that children with COVID‐19 have similar amount of viral load in all disease courses irrespective of the age and underlying disease. It should be taken into account that, regardless of the severity of the disease, pediatric patients may have a role in the transmission chain.
Extracting data from graphs: A case‐study on animal research with implications for meta‐analyses
Authors: Van der Mierden Stevie , Spineli Loukia Maria , Talbot Steven R. , Yiannakou Christina , Zentrich Eva , Weegh Nora , Struve Birgitta , Zur Brügge Talke Friederike , Bleich André , Leenaars Cathalijn H.C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSystematic reviews with meta‐analyses are powerful tools that can answer research questions based on data from published studies. Ideally, all relevant data is directly available in the text or tables, but often it is only presented in graphs. In those cases, the data can be extracted from graphs, but this potentially introduces errors. Here, we investigate to what extent the extracted outcome and error values differ from the original data and if these differences could affect the results of a meta‐analysis. Six extractors extracted 36 outcome values and corresponding errors from 22 articles. Differences between extractors were compared using overall concordance correlation coefficients (OCCC), differences between the original and extracted data were compared using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). To test the possible influence on meta‐analyses, random‐effects meta‐analyses on mean difference comparing original and extracted data were performed. The OCCCs and CCCs were high for both outcome values and errors, CCCs were >0.99 for the outcome and >0.92 for errors. The meta‐analyses showed that the overall effect on outcome was very small (median: 0.025, interquartile range: 0.016–0.046). Therefore, data extraction from graphs is a good method to harvest data if it is not provided in the text or tables, and the original authors cannot provide the data.
Factors that Determine Human Acceptance of Black Bears
Authors: Cleary Matteo , Joshi Omkar , Fairbanks W. Sue 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAfter being extirpated from their historical distribution, black bears (Ursus americanus) have recolonized eastern Oklahoma, USA. As bears continue to establish populations in the region, understanding the cognitive factors that influence human acceptance of black bears will play an important role in facilitating coexistence. We hypothesized that a variety of variables drawing from the cognitive hierarchy and risk perception frameworks would affect human acceptance of black bears in eastern Oklahoma. We collected data using a mail‐back questionnaire administered to residents of eastern Oklahoma between August and November 2018. Perceptions of the current black bear population size, attitudes toward bears, valuing Oklahoma wildlife, behavioral intentions, and level of formal education all positively influenced acceptance of bears. Risk‐averse respondents and women were less accepting. Outreach to women and encouraging residents to reduce conflict by adopting bear‐safe behaviors may help raise acceptance capacity for black bears. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Long‐Term Evaluation of Cougar Density and Application of Risk Analysis for Harvest Management
Authors: Beausoleil Richard A. , Welfelt Lindsay S. , Keren Ilai N. , Kertson Brian N. , Maletzke Benjamin T. , Koehler Gary M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTEstimates of cougar (Puma concolor) density are among the least available of any big game species in North America because of monetary and logistical challenges. Thus, wildlife managers identify cougar density estimates as a high priority need for population estimation, developing harvest guidelines, and evaluating management objectives. Cougar densities range from <1 to almost 7 cougars/100 km2; however, the magnitude of spatial and temporal variation associated with these estimates is difficult to assess because this range of densities could potentially be reported for any given population using different demographic, temporal, durational, and analytical approaches. We used long‐term global positioning system (GPS) data from collared cougars across 5 diverse study areas in Washington, USA, as the basis for calculating multiple annual independent‐aged (≥18 months) cougar densities, using consistent methods, and conducted a meta‐analysis to assist with statewide harvest guidelines. To generate specific harvest guidelines for unobserved populations at the management unit scale, we employed a Bayesian decision‐theoretic approach that minimizes statistical risk of failing to achieve a defined harvest rate. For the 16‐year field effort, we calculated 24 annual densities for independent‐aged cougars. Average annual densities ranged from 1.55 ± 0.44 (SD) cougars/100 km2 (n = 5 years) to 2.79 ± 0.35 cougars/100 km2 (n = 5 years) among the 5 study areas. Explicit delineation of the cougar population demonstrated that contribution to density can vary considerably by sex and age class. Application of a 12–16% harvest rate within the risk analysis framework yielded a potential annual harvest of 249 cougars over 91,000 km2 of cougar habitat in Washington. Given the importance of density for establishing harvest guidelines, and the degree of uncertainty in projecting derived densities to future years and unstudied management units, our approach may lessen the ambiguity of extrapolations and increase the longevity of research results. Our risk analysis can be used for a diverse array of species and management objectives and be incorporated into an adaptive management framework for minimizing management risk. Our recommendations can improve standardization in reporting and interpretation of cougar density comparisons and bring clarity to the sources of variability observed in cougar populations. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Determination of Retronasal Olfactory Threshold Values
Authors: Özay Hüseyin , Çetin Aslı Çakır , Ecevit Mustafa Cenk 
Published: February 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to generate normative data of retronasal olfactory threshold values for normosmic and hyposmic individuals and to test the validity of that data by determining the discriminative power for normosmic/hyposmic differentiation.Study DesignProspective, descriptive and methodological study.MethodsThe orthonasal olfactory function of 20 normosmic and 20 hyposmic cases was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory test. Sniffin' Sticks odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification values and threshold discrimination identification (TDI) scores were recorded. A 13‐item test battery previously prepared in our Rhinology Laboratory for retronasal olfactory threshold test that consisted of concentrated solutions prepared from 2:1 diluted 99% phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) and water was used. Each concentration was evaluated with water control, and if not answered correctly, the same process was continued by moving to a higher concentration series. Four consecutive correct answers were determined as the patient's retronasal olfactory threshold.ResultsA strong correlation was found between Sniffin' Sticks TDI scores and retronasal odor threshold values in the normosmic group (P < .001, r:0.67). A very strong correlation was found between Sniffin' Sticks TDI scores and retronasal olfactory threshold values in the hyposmic group (P < .001, r:0.81). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the sensitivity and the specificity of normosmic/hyposmic differentiation of retronasal olfactory threshold test was 95% and 100%, respectively. The diagnostic cutoff value was 8.5.ConclusionsThis study shows that the retronasal olfactory test, a psychophysical odor test performed using an orally presented stimulus, can be used to differentiate normosmic and hyposmic cases.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1608–1614, 2021