bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using design thinking to cultivate the next generation of female STEAM thinkers
Authors: Kijima Rie , Yang-Yoshihara Mariko , Maekawa Marcos Sadao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Countries around the world have struggled to implement education policies and practices to encourage more female youths to pursue Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). This has resulted in a persistent and sizeable gender gap in science and mathematics subjects in some countries. Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, this paper explores an educational intervention—specifically, a 3-day design thinking workshop—in Japan, designed to change female youths’ perceptions regarding STEM topics. Framed using a constructivist approach to learning, the workshops aimed to engender creative confidence, empathy, and global competence among youths.

Results
The findings show that female youths who participated in the workshop had increased interest in engineering, greater creative confidence, more positive perceptions of STEM, higher levels of empathy and pro-social factors, and a more varied outlook on career options. We argue that this short intervention had a strong influence on the female youths’ mindsets, self-images, and perceptions of STEM.

Conclusion
This study provides empirical support that a short intervention can produce positive change in how female youths relate to STEM. In gendered societies, an innovative method like design thinking has the potential to revitalize education curriculum in ways that spur female youths’ confidence and creativity, enabling them to imagine a career in the field of STEM.
The effect of the lockdown executive order during the COVID-19 pandemic in recent trauma admissions in Puerto Rico
Authors: Ruiz-Medina Pedro E. , Ramos-Meléndez Ediel O. , Cruz-De La Rosa Kerwin X. , Arrieta-Alicea Antonio , Guerrios-Rivera Lourdes , Nieves-Plaza Mariely , Rodríguez-Ortiz Pablo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic led to world-wide restrictions on social activities to curb the spread of this disease. Very little is known about the impact of these restrictions on trauma centers. Our objective was to determine the effect of the pandemic-associated lockdown on trauma admissions, patient’s demographics, mechanisms of injury, injury severity, and outcomes in the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital.

Methods
An IRB-approved quasi-experimental study was performed to assess the impact of the restrictions by comparing trauma admissions during the lockdown (March 15, 2020 – June 15, 2020) with a control period (same period in 2017–2019). Comparisons were done using the Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher exact test, or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. A negative binomial model was fitted to estimate the incidence rate ratio for overall admissions among pre-lockdown and during-lockdown periods. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
A total of 308 subjects were admitted during the quarter of study for 2017; 323, for 2018; 347, for 2019; and 150, for 2020. The median (interquartile range) age of patients rose significantly from 40 (33) years to 49 (30) years (p < 0.001) for the lockdown period compared to the historical period. Almost all mechanisms of injury (i.e., motor vehicle accident, assault, pedestrian, burn, suicide attempt, other) had a slight non-significant reduction in the percentage of patients presenting with an injury. Instead, falls experienced an increase during the lockdown period (18.9% vs. 26.7%; p = 0.026). Moreover, the proportion of severe cases decreased, as measured by an injury severity score (ISS) > 15 (37.3% vs. 26.8%; p = 0.014); while there were no differences in the median hospital length of stay and the mortality rate between the comparison groups. Finally, the decrease in overall admissions registered during the lockdown accounts for a 59% (IRR 0.41; 95% CI 0.31–0.54) change compared to the pre-lockdown period, when controlling for sex, age, mechanism of injury, and ISS.

Conclusions
Following periods of social isolation and curfews, trauma centers can expect drastic reductions in their overall patient volume with associated changes in trauma patterns. Our findings will help inform new interventions and improve healthcare preparedness for future or similar circumstances.
Exercise and Neuropathic Pain: A General Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Research
Authors: Leitzelar Brianna N. , Koltyn Kelli F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeuropathic pain is a disease of the somatosensory system that is characterized by tingling, burning, and/or shooting pain. Medication is often the primary treatment, but it can be costly, thus there is an interest in understanding alternative low-cost treatments such as exercise. The following review includes an overview of the preclinical and clinical literature examining the influence of exercise on neuropathic pain. Preclinical studies support the hypothesis that exercise reduces hyperalgesia and allodynia in animal models of neuropathic pain. In human research, observational studies suggest that those who are more physically active have lower risk of developing neuropathic pain compared to those who are less active. Exercise studies suggest aerobic exercise training (e.g., 16 weeks); a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise training (e.g., 10–12 weeks); or high-intensity interval training (e.g., 15 weeks) reduces aspects of neuropathic pain such as worst pain over the past month, pain over the past 24 h, pain scores, or pain interference. However, not all measures of pain improve following exercise training (e.g., current pain, heat pain threshold). Potential mechanisms and future directions are also discussed to aid in the goal of understanding the role of exercise in the management of neuropathic pain. Future research using standardized methods to further understanding of the dose of exercise needed to manage neuropathic pain is warranted.
Formulating an anesthetic plan using a list of high-risk pregnant women on cloud-based business communication tools: a case report
Authors: Kimura Junnosuke , Kawamura Kento , Minoura Manami , Hiramoto Ayako , Suga Yoshifumi , Okahara Shoko , Inoue Rie , Sumikura Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
We report a case in which a list of high-risk pregnant women on cloud-based business communication tools was useful in formulating an anesthetic plan for unscheduled cesarean section.

Case presentation
A 37-year-old woman, who had been prescribed icosapentate for hypertriglyceridemia, received an antenatal anesthetic evaluation for possible cesarean delivery, and it was agreed that the anesthetic method for emergency cesarean section was general anesthesia if the surgery would take place within 7 days after the discontinuation of the drug, and regional anesthesia if it would take place any time later. Then this agreement was uploaded on the cloud-based business communication tools, and updated until she delivered her baby via unscheduled cesarean section.

Conclusions
A cloud-based business communication tools was useful in formulating an anesthesia plan for a patient undergoing a cesarean delivery. However, more discussion would be needed to utilize it in security.
Cex1 is a component of the COPI intracellular trafficking machinery
Authors: Enkler Ludovic , Rinaldi Bruno , de Craene Johan Owen , Hammann Philippe , Nureki Osamu , Senger Bruno , Friant Sylvie , Becker Hubert D. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
COPI (coatomer complex I) coated vesicles are involved in Golgi-to-ER and intra-Golgi trafficking pathways, and mediate retrieval of ER resident proteins. Functions and components of the COPI-mediated trafficking pathways, beyond the canonical set of Sec/Arf proteins, are constantly increasing in number and complexity. In mammalian cells, GORAB, SCYL1 and SCYL3 proteins regulate Golgi morphology and protein glycosylation in concert with the COPI machinery. Here, we show that Cex1, homologous to the mammalian SCYL proteins, is a component of the yeast COPI machinery, by interacting with Sec27, Sec28 and Sec33 (Ret1/Cop1) proteins of the COPI coat. Cex1 was initially reported to mediate channeling of aminoacylated tRNA outside of the nucleus. Our data show that Cex1 localizes at membrane compartments, on structures positive for the Sec33 α-COP subunit. Moreover, the Wbp1 protein required for N-glycosylation and interacting via its di-lysine motif with the Sec27 β′-COP subunit is mis-targeted in cex1Δ deletion mutant cells. Our data point to the possibility of developing Cex1 yeast-based models to study neurodegenerative disorders linked to pathogenic mutations of its human homologue SCYL1.
Stability in Matching Markets with Complex Constraints
Authors: Nguyen Hai , Nguyen Thành , Teytelboym Alexander 
Published: March 2021

We develop a model of many-to-one matching markets in which agents with multiunit demand aim to maximize a cardinal linear objective subject to multidimensional knapsack constraints. The choice functions of agents with multiunit demand are therefore not substitutable. As a result, pairwise stable matchings may not exist and even when they do, may be highly inefficient. We provide an algorithm that finds a group-stable matching that approximately satisfies all the multidimensional knapsack constraints. The novel ingredient in our algorithm is a combination of matching with contracts and Scarf’s Lemma. We show that the degree of the constraint violation under our algorithm is proportional to the sparsity of the constraint matrix. The algorithm, therefore, provides practical constraint violation bounds for applications in contexts, such as refugee resettlement, day care allocation, and college admissions with diversity requirements. Simulations using refugee resettlement data show that our approach produces outcomes that are not only more stable, but also more efficient than the outcomes of the Deferred Acceptance algorithm. Moreover, simulations suggest that in practice, constraint violations under our algorithm would be even smaller than the theoretical bounds. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
Predictors of uptake of cervical cancer screening among nurses in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Authors: Oyekale Rahmat A , Oluwatosin O Abimbola , Edet Olaide B 
Published: March 2021

Background/Aims More than one million women are currently living with cervical cancer. Approximately 311 000 deaths were attributed to the disease in 2018, with the majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries, like Nigeria. Cervical cancer screening has been consistently shown to be effective in reducing the occurrence of new cases of cervical cancer and mortality related to the disease. This study aimed to determine the predictors of cervical cancer screening among nurses in Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which used a structured pretested questionnaire to collect data from 230 nurses randomly selected from two settings in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square and logistic regression. Results All participants had heard of cervical cancer and its screening measures. More than half of the respondents (68.7%) had never submitted for screening. The respondents reported factors such as lack of facilities (77.0%), financial status (76.5%), lack of awareness (75.7%), inconvenient screening time (75.7%) and level of education (71.7%) as influencers of use of cervical cancer screening. Logistic regression analysis showed marital status was significantly related to cervical cancer screening usage (P=0.047). Conclusions Good knowledge of nurses on cervical cancer screening does not translate to uptake of screening services. It is recommended that cervical and other cancer screening services should be included in the pre-employment medical examination of nurses to compel usage of screening services.
17.8 fs broadband Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:CALGO oscillator
Authors: Wang Yiran , Su Xiancui , Xie Yiyan , Gao Feilong , Kumar Santosh , Wang Qinglin , Liu Cailong , Zhang Bingyuan , Zhang Baitao , He Jingliang 
Published: March 2021

Pulses as short as 17.8 fs with a spectral bandwidth of 145 nm and central wavelength of 1118 nm have been generated from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:CALGO oscillator. The oscillator operating at an average power of 26 mW and a repetition rate of 95.9 MHz is pumped by a cost-effective single-mode fiber coupled laser diode emitting 800 mW at 976 nm. The dispersion is compensated using a prism pair combined with broadband chirp mirrors. To the best of our knowledge, the pulse durations corresponding to approximately 4.8 optical cycle pulses are the shortest achieved durations through a Yb-doped bulk oscillator.
Particle swarm optimization of silicon photonic crystal waveguide transition
Authors: Shiratori Ryo , Nakata Masaya , Hayashi Kosuke , Baba Toshihiko 
Published: March 2021

Slow light generated through silicon (Si) photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) is useful for improving the performance of Si photonic devices. However, the accumulation of coupling loss between a PCW and Si optical wiring waveguides is a problem when slow-light devices are connected in a series in a photonic integrated circuit. Previously, we reported a tapered transition structure between these waveguides and observed a coupling loss of 0.46 dB per transition. This Letter employed particle swarm optimization to engineer the arrangement of photonic crystal holes to reduce loss and succeeded in demonstrating theoretical loss value of 0.12 dB on average in the wavelength range of 1540–1560 nm and an experimental one of 0.21 dB. Crucially, this structure enhances the versatility of slow light.
Individual and public health consequences associated with a missed diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the emergency department: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Heffernan Courtney , Paulsen Catherine , Asadi Leyla , Egedahl Mary-Lou , Rowe Brian H. , Barrie James , Long Richard 
Published: March 2021

Objectives
To determine: i) the emergency department (ED) utilization history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, and ii) the potential individual and public health consequences of a missed diagnosis of PTB in this setting.

Design
Retrospective observational cohort study.

Participants
Patients with PTB aged >16 years diagnosed between April 1, 2010 and December 31, 2016 in the Province of Alberta, Canada.

Methods
We identified valid new cases of PTB from a provincial registry and linked them to ED attendees in administrative databases. Visits are considered ‘PTB’, pulmonary ‘other’, and non-pulmonary based on the most responsible discharge diagnosis. Individual consequences of a missed diagnosis included health system delay and PTB-related death; public health consequences included nosocomial ED exposure time and secondary cases.

Results
Of 711 PTB patients, 378 (53%) made 845 ED visits in the six months immediately preceding the date of diagnosis. The most responsible ED discharge diagnosis was PTB in 92 (10.9%), pulmonary ‘other’ in 273 (32%) and non-pulmonary in 480 (56.8%). ED attendees had a median (IQR) health system delay of 27 (7,180) days and, compared to non-ED attendees were more likely to die a TB-related death 5.9% vs 1.2%, p = 0.001. Emergency attendees generated 3812 hours of ED nosocomial exposure time, and 31 secondary cases (60.8% of all secondary cases reported). Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from ED-attendees were more likely than non-attendees to be clustered–i.e., have an identical DNA fingerprint with another isolate (27% vs. 21%, p = 0.037).

Conclusions
ED utilization by PTB patients, and related consequences, are substantial. EDs are a potential resource for earlier PTB diagnosis.
Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school children in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Assem Abel Sinshaw , Tegegne Mebratu Mulusew , Fekadu Sofonias Addis 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundMyopia is the leading cause of correctable visual impairment and preventable blindness worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of myopia. Myopia is appearing with greater prevalence in young children.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school children in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.Methods and materialsA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among school children of 6 to 18 years of age in Bahir Dar city from October to November 2019. A pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 634 participants using a multi-stage sampling technique from primary and secondary schools. Cycloplegic refraction was performed by optometrists for each student with 1% cyclopentolate eye drop, and subjective refraction was carried out to determine the final prescription of the students. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refractive error of ≥ 0.5 diopter in either eye. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 for analysis. Tables, frequency, and mean were used for descriptive statistics. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify risk factors of myopia. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was determined and variables with p–value of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.ResultsAmong a total of 601 study participants, 51 (8.49%) were myopic. Age group of 10–13 years (AOR = 6.54: 95% CI = 5.56–10.86), 14–18 years (AOR = 6.32: 95% CI = 5.32–9.69), 2–4 hour per day mobile exposure (AOR = 3.69: 95% CI = 1.63–8.38), > 4 hour per day mobile exposure (AOR = 11.6: 95% CI = 4.41–30.42), near working distance of < 33 centimeter (AOR = 6.89: 95% CI = 2.71–17.56) and outdoor activity (AOR = 3.94: 95% CI = 1.87–8.31) were significantly associated with myopia.ConclusionsThe prevalence of myopia was high among school children in Bahir Dar city. Older age, longer duration of mobile exposure, shorter near working distance were the risk factors for the development of myopia whereas having outdoor activity was the protective factor.
Readmission within three months after inpatient geriatric care—Incidence, diagnosis and associated factors in a Swedish cohort
Authors: Willers Carl , Boström Anne-Marie , Carlsson Lennart , Lager Anton , Lindqvist Rikard , Rydwik Elisabeth 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionReadmissions are very costly, in monetary terms but also for the individual patient’s safety and health. Only by understanding the reasons and drivers of readmissions, it is possible to ensure quality of care and improve the situation. The aim of this study was to assess inpatient readmissions during the first three months after discharge from geriatric inpatient care regarding main diagnosis and frequency of readmission. Furthermore, the aim was to analyze association between readmission and patient characteristics including demography and socioeconomics, morbidity, physical function, risk screening and care process respectively.MethodsThe study includes all individuals admitted for inpatient care at three geriatric departments operated by the Stockholm region during 2016. Readmission after discharge was studied within three different time intervals; readmission within 10 days after discharge, within 11–30 days and within 31–90 days, respectively. Main diagnosis at readmission was assessed.ResultsOne fourth of the individuals discharged from inpatient geriatric care was readmitted during the first three months after discharge. The most common main diagnoses for readmission were heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. Statistically significant risk factors for readmission included age, sex, number of diagnoses at discharge, and to some extent polypharmacy and destination of discharge.ConclusionsSeveral clinical risk factors relating to physical performance and vulnerability were associated with risk of readmission. Socioeconomic information did not add to the predictability. To enable reductions in readmission rates, proactive monitoring of frail individuals afflicted with chronic conditions is necessary, and an integrated perspective including all stakeholders involved is crucial.
Przymierza Izraelitów z narodami w świetle zakazów Pięcioksięgu Biblii greckiej
Authors: Nawrot Janusz 
Published: March 2021

The conducted exegesis of some particular verses from the Septuagint indicates that two initial covenants made between a representative of the chosen nation with a Gentile party (Abraham and Solomon) did not breach the obligations resulting from the Law of Moses. The theological portrait of Abraham in the Book of Genesis captures an unambiguous evaluation of his conduct in accordance with the Law although the Law itself appeared considerably later when Moses lived. The pact between Solomon and Hiram deserves a similar evaluation. However, the later covenants between the kings of Israel and Judah with Gentile rulers deserve an extremely negative evaluation. Although they did not formally violate the Mosaic prohibitions, they were evaluated as a violation of trust in the Lord as He was the only Partner of the covenant between Himself and the Israelites. Such an interpretation is possible especially in light of Deut 7:6 which accentuates the uniqueness of Israel as a nation chosen by God from among other nations. And because this selection of Israel was done on the foundation of the covenant made on the Mount Sinai, it should be a one-of-a-kind covenant that should not be replaced with another pact signed with a human being, and let alone a Gentile. In all of the cases above, starting from King Asa and ending with Archpriest Jonathan, there was a true violation of the rule whereby the Lord was the only Partner of the covenant with His people. Thus, each of the analyzed treatises met with valid criticism both from a prophet and the inspired author. It is difficult to treat these violations as a major breach of the faith of Israel because of the established diplomatic relations. However, it was the rule of God’s uniqueness as a foundation for any sphere in the life of the chosen people that was violated. It included the political sphere which should not be excluded from the chosen people’s faith.
Theological Preparation of Religion Teachers in the Light of Current Indications of the Church in Poland
Authors: Gogolik Mirosław 
Published: March 2021

John Paul II, in one of his catechesis dedicated to evangelization and catechesis, distinguishes the formation of catechesis as an essential element of the common commitment to the development and vitality of the Church. He points to the need for the formation of all those who are responsible for teaching the truths of the faith, that is, pastors, catechists and all those who have expressed their willingness to help proclaim the Good News. Lack of adequate preparation among those who undertook catechizing leads to small effects and lack of required fruit in catechized people. The broadly understood intellectual formation is intended to deepen the life of faith of the person who serves in catechesis. However, besides the theological knowledge itself, it is important that the catechist is able to develop his own catechetical style. This article analyses the current indications of the Universal Church and the Church in Poland relating to theological education of lay and clerical religion teachers, which is carried out within the framework of studies and later in continuing formation.