bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐synthetic ‘Click’ Synthesis of RAFT Polymers with Pendant Self‐immolative Triazoles
Authors: Forder Timothy N. , Maschmeyer Peter G. , Zeng Haoxiang , Roberts Derrick A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSelf‐immolative linkers offer efficient mechanisms for deprotecting ‘caged’ functional groups in response to specific stimuli. Herein we describe a convenient ‘click’ chemistry method for introducing pendant self‐immolative linkers to a polymer backbone through post‐polymerization modification. The introduced triazole rings serve both to anchor the stimuli‐cleavable trigger groups to the polymer backbone, while also forming a functional part of the self‐immolation cascade. We investigate the polymerization kinetics, post‐synthetic modification, and self‐immolation mechanism of a model polymer system, and discuss avenues for future studies on poly‐pendant self‐immolative triazoles as a modular, stimuli‐responsive macromolecule platform.
Precise Design of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Guo Yu , Xu Qing , Yang Shuai , Jiang Zheng , Yu Chengbing , Zeng Gaofeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectrochemical synthesis of H2O2 with high productivity is a significant challenge in electrocatalysis. Herein, we develop Mg‐ion contained covalent organic frameworks (MgP‐DHTA‐COF), comprising stacked 2D layers, well‐defined skeletons, and well‐ordered monodispersed active sites, for the electrocatalytic production of H2O2 directly from O2 and H2O. The precise‐designed MgP‐DHTA‐COF achieves H2O2 selectivity up to 96%, high Faradaic efficiency of 91% and reliable stability for H2O2 synthesis in 0.10 mol L−1 KOH aqueous solution. Both experiments and simulations demonstrate that the pyrrolic‐N fixed Mg ions in the knots promote the reactivity of COF and enhance the adsorption ability of OOH*. This work provides a valuable example for the design of an efficient electrocatalyst based on COFs for H2O2 production.
Stadtbahnbrücke
Authors: Keil Andreas , Haspel Lorenz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDie Verlängerung der Stadtbahnlinie U6 von Fasanenhof/Schelmenwasen zum Flughafen und zur Messe Stuttgart überquert die BAB A 8 östlich der Anschlussstelle Stuttgart‐Degerloch (B 27). Das neue Brückenbauwerk befindet sich in exponierter Lage, in einem komplexen Umfeld eines großen Verkehrsknotens, und erschließt als Teil des schienengebundenen ÖPNV im Raum Stuttgart das Messegelände, den Flughafen und den geplanten Fernbahnhof am Flughafen für das südliche Stadtgebiet Stuttgarts. Neben Dauerhaftigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit besteht an das Brückenbauwerk auch ein gestalterischer Anspruch sowie die Anforderung, dass die Beeinträchtigungen des Verkehrs – sowohl während der Bauzeit als auch später – auf ein Minimum begrenzt werden sollte. Daher überspannt das Hauptfeld der Brücke die an dieser Stelle etwa 80 m breiten Verkehrsflächen mit insgesamt sechs Fahrspuren und vier Ein‐ und Ausfädelspuren stützenfrei. Zusammen mit den offen gestalteten Seitenfeldern ergeben sich, trotz der auf hohen Erddämmen angeordneten neuen Trasse, max. freie Sichtbeziehungen. Eine besondere Innovation stellen die geneigten, sich kreuzenden Hängerseile aus Carbon‐Zugelementen dar, die ein ästhetisches und gleichzeitig effizientes Tragwerk ermöglichen.
Electrochemical Performance of Mg Metal‐Quinone Battery in Chloride‐Free Electrolyte
Authors: Pavčnik Tjaša , Bitenc Jan , Pirnat Klemen , Dominko Robert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMg batteries are a promising energy storage system due to the high capacity of the Mg metal anode. However, until recently Mg battery practical application seemed very distant due to corrosive nature of Mg electrolytes and the lack of suitable cathode materials. In this work, we bridge this gap by combining novel chloride‐free Mg electrolyte, Mg perfluorinated pinacolato borate (MgFPB), with quinone based organic cathode. ATR‐IR spectroscopy and complementary energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) of ex situ cathodes confirm reduction of carbonyl group during discharge an its preferred coordination with Mg2+ cations, although monovalent not fully dissociated MgFPB+cation pairs are detected as well. Mediocre capacity retention of PAQS/CNTs is improved through the use of phenanthrenequinone based polymer (PFQ/rGO). The study demonstrates the promising performance of organic compounds in chloride‐free electrolytes and points towards future steps on the path towards practical Mg metal organic batteries.
Is there a relationship between causative microorganisms and hearing loss in neonatal sepsis?
Authors: Yilmaz Fatma Hilal , Emiroğlu Nuriye , Oflaz Mehmet Burhan , Yücel Mehmet , Keçeci Ramazan , Arbağ Hamdi , Altunhan Hüseyin , Çeri Ayhan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to determine the possible relationship between cultured microorganisms and hearing loss in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) who could not pass a standard hearing test.MethodThe medical records of infants treated at the NICU were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were first divided into two groups, and group 1 was divided into two subgroups: Group 1 included patients with hearing loss accompanied by proven sepsis caused by either gram‐negative (group 1A) or gram‐positive (group 1B) bacteria, and group 2 included patients with clinical sepsis. The groups were compared with potential risk factors related to hearing loss.ResultsBetween January 2014 and January 2019, the cases of 3,800 infants admitted to the NICU were reviewed. Of 3,548 living babies, the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) test showed that 35 infants (0.98%) were diagnosed with hearing loss. In 12 infants with hearing loss, microbial growth in the blood cultures was detected, whereas in the remaining 23, the blood cultures were negative. Of the cases with microbial growth, five were gram negative and seven were gram positive. In the comparison of groups 1A, 1B, and 2, there were statistically significant differences in terms of risk factors such as low birth weight (p = .048), neonatal hospitalization time (p = .001), free oxygen support (p = .001), intraventricular bleeding (p = .001), loop diuretic use (p = .001), and blood transfusion (p = .048).ConclusionThe relationship between hearing loss and microorganisms causing sepsis could not be determined in this research.
Cortical morphometric changes associated with completeness, level, and duration of spinal cord injury in humans: A case–control study
Authors: Guo Yun , Gao Feng , Guo Hua , Yu Weiyong , Chen Zhenbo , Yang Mingliang , Yang Degang , Du Liangjie , Li Jianjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated how the injury completeness, level, and duration of spinal cord injury (SCI) affect cortical morphometric changes in humans.MethodsT1‐weighted images were acquired from 59 SCI patients and 37 healthy controls. Voxel‐based morphometry analyses of the gray matter volume (GMV) were performed between SCI patients and healthy controls, complete SCI and incomplete SCI, and tetraplegia and paraplegia. Correlation analyses were performed to explore the associations between GMV and clinical variables in SCI patients.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, SCI patients showed decreased GMV in bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left medial frontal gyrus in the whole‐brain analysis, while increased GMV in right supplementary motor area and right pallidum in ROI analysis. The complete SCI had lower GMV in left primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and higher GMV in left primary motor cortex compared with incomplete SCI. Lower GMV was identified in left thalamus and SFG in tetraplegia than that in paraplegia. Moreover, time since injury was positive with the GMV in right pallidum, positive correlations were observed between the GMV in bilateral S1 and total motor and sensory scores, whereas the GMV in left cuneus was negatively correlated with total motor and sensory scores in SCI patients.ConclusionsThe study provided imaging evidence for identifying cerebral structural abnormalities in SCI patients and significant differences in complete/incomplete and paraplegia/tetraplegia subgroups. These results suggested brain structural changes occur after SCI and these changes may depend on the injury completeness, level, and duration.
Cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with advanced cancer in prospective observational study
Authors: Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Notsu Akifumi , Mori Keita , Omori Shota , Tsushima Takahiro , Satake Yasuomi , Miki Yoshihiro , Abe Masakazu , Ogiku Masahito , Nakamura Toshio , Takagi Masakazu , Ochiai Hideto , Yasui Hirofumi , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is frequently observed in patients with advanced cancer. The objective of this prospective observational study was to estimate, based on intensive screening, using computed tomography, lower‐extremity ultrasonography, and D‐dimer testing, the prevalence of VTE in patients with advanced cancer.Patients with metastatic or locally advanced cancer without anticoagulant therapy, who were planning to receive chemotherapy during 4 weeks, were eligible. Evaluations of VTE were performed at pretreatment, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after the start of chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was cumulative incidence of VTE for 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints included incidence of VTE (pretreatment, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after the start of chemotherapy), VTE according to primary cancer site, symptomatic VTE, pulmonary thromboembolism (PE), and treatment of VTE.We enrolled 860 patients with a median age of 68 years, including 34% female and 71% lung cancer. Cumulative incidence of VTE for 24 weeks was 22.6% (95% confidence interval: 19.8%–25.5%) (194 of 860 patients). Incidence of VTE was 11.3% pretreatment, 16.8% 12 weeks, and 14.1% 24 weeks. Symptomatic VTE was observed in 4.0% and PE in 1.0% of patients. By multivariate analysis, sex, D‐dimer level, and platelet count were independent risk factors of VTE for 24 weeks.This large prospective observational study showed that cumulative incidence of VTE was high in advanced cancer patients, mainly lung cancer. Although most patients showed asymptomatic VTE, intensive screening of VTE may be considered in advanced cancer patients, especially in women with high level of D‐dimer and decreased platelet count (UMIN000015243).
Regional and temporal variation in receipt of long‐term opioid therapy among older breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer survivors in the United States
Authors: Gibson Derrick C. , Raji Mukaila A. , Baillargeon Jacques G. , Kuo Yong‐Fang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder cancer survivors have high rates of long‐term opioid therapy (≥90 days/year). However, the geographical and temporal variation in long‐term opioid therapy rates for older cancer survivors is not known.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using SEER‐Medicare data. Persons aged ≥66 years, diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer from 1991 to 2011, and alive ≥5 years after diagnosis were included. Persons were followed from 1/1/2008 until 12/31/2016. Persons were assigned to a census region in their state of residence each year. Individuals who were covered by an opioid prescription for at least 90 days in a calendar year were classified as having received long‐term opioid therapy. Multivariable analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations.ResultsTemporal trends significantly varied by region (p < 0.0001) and opioid‐naïve status (p < 0.0001). Compared to 2013, opioid‐naïve cancer survivors in the south and non‐naïve survivors in the south and west experienced significant declines in long‐term opioid therapy in 2015 and 2016. Significant declines were observed in 2016 for opioid‐naïve and non‐naïve cancer survivors residing in the northeast and among opioid‐naïve cancer survivors living in the Midwest.ConclusionThe annual trends in the receipt of long‐term opioid therapy significantly varied by region among older cancer survivors. Variation in a clinical practice suggests the need for more research and interventions to improve efficiency, process, cost, and quality of care.
The effect of transcatheter aortic valve implantation approaches on mortality
Authors: Nijenhuis Vincent J. , Meyer Alexander , Brouwer Jorn , Mahmoodi Bakhtawar K. , Unbehaun Axel , Spaziano Marco , Buzzatti Nicola , Stundl Anja , Jørgensen Troels H. , Kooistra Nynke H.M. , Adamo Marianna , Saraf Smriti , Amrane Hafid , Bruschi Giuseppe , Zivelonghi Carlo , Swaans Martin J. , Werner Nikos , Nickenig Georg , Hildick‐Smith David , Stella Pieter R. , Latib Azeem , Soendergaard Lars , Sinning Jan‐Malte , Lefevre Thierry , Pasic Miralem , Kempfert Jorg , ten Berg Jurrien M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the effect of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) approaches on mortality and identify effect modifiers and predictors for mortality.BackgroundAlternative access routes to transfemoral (TF) TAVI include the surgical intra‐thoracic direct‐aortic (DA) and transapical (TA) approach. TA TAVI has been associated with a higher mortality rate. We hypothesized that this is related to effect modifiers, in particular the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).MethodsThis multicentre study derived its data from prospective registries. To adjust for confounders, we used propensity‐score based, stabilized inverse probability weighted Cox regression models.ResultsIn total, 5,910 patients underwent TAVI via TF (N = 4,072), DA (N = 524), and TA (N = 1,314) access. Compared to TF, 30‐day mortality was increased among DA (HR 1.87, 95%CI 1.26–2.78, p = .002) and TA (HR 3.34, 95%CI 2.28–4.89, p < .001) cases. Compared to TF, 5‐year mortality was increased among TA cases (HR 1.50, 95%CI 1.24–1.83, p < .001). None of the variables showed a significant interaction between the approaches and mortality. An impaired LVEF (≤35%) increased mortality in all approaches.ConclusionsThe surgical intra‐thoracic TA and DA TAVI are both associated with a higher 30‐day mortality than TF TAVI. TA TAVI is associated with a higher 5‐year mortality than TF TAVI. The DA approach may therefore have some advantages over the TA approach when TF access is not feasible.
Effect of enzyme on the demulsification of emulsion during aqueous enzymatic extraction and the corresponding mechanism
Authors: Niu Ruihao , Zhou Longzheng , Chen Fusheng , Zhu Tingwei , Duan Xiaojie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgrounds and objectivesEmulsion is formed during the aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) of peanut oil and protein. Protein and phospholipid, the main emulsifiers, play an important role in the stability of this emulsion. In this study, phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, phospholipase D, papain, or Alcalase 2.4 L was used as demulsification agents. The phospholipid composition, interfacial protein concentration and composition, viscosity, particle diameter distribution, and microstructure of the emulsion during demulsification were evaluated.FindingsNuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that the content of phosphatidylcholine decreased by 12.3% after treatment with the three phospholipases, whereas the content of phosphatidic acid increased 9 times. Treatment with protease caused the molecular weight of interfacial proteins and the viscosity of the emulsion significantly decreased, and the average particle diameter increased 8 times.ConclusionsThe free oil yields obtained using PLA1, PLA1/PLA2, PLD, Alcalase 2.4 L, and papain were 45.6%, 85.3%, 30.7%, 84.3%, and 93.8%, respectively. Papain destroyed the interfacial membrane of the emulsion and had the best demulsification effect.Significance and noveltyThe findings solve the problem of difficult demulsification during the extraction of peanut oil by AEE and provide a theoretical basis for the large‐scale industrial application of the demonstrated demulsification method.
RCU‐HTM: A generic synchronization technique for highly efficient concurrent search trees
Authors: Siakavaras Dimitrios , Nikas Konstantinos , Goumas Georgios , Koziris Nectarios 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConcurrent search trees (STs) are among the most widely used data structures to store and retrieve data in contemporary multithreaded applications. Despite the high amount of prior work, it still remains challenging to implement highly efficient concurrent STs. This is mainly due to the fact that both traditional synchronization methods (i.e., locks and atomic operations) and more novel ones (i.e., read‐copy‐update and transactional memory) fail to provide solutions that are generic and at the same time able to attain high performance under diverse workloads and contention levels. In this work, we present RCU‐HTM, a technique that combines read‐copy‐update (RCU) and hardware transactional memory (HTM), and: (a) supports the implementation of a concurrent version of any type of search tree, and (b) achieves high performance across all execution scenarios. We also incorporate a low‐overhead, epoch‐based memory reclamation scheme to make our RCU‐HTM trees practical for large‐scale long‐running applications. To showcase the capabilities of our technique, we implement and evaluate multiple RCU‐HTM trees and compare their performance with several state‐of‐the‐art competitors. More specifically, we apply RCU‐HTM to 12 different types of binary, B+ and (a,b)‐trees and compare against 18 state‐of‐the‐art implementations that use four different synchronization mechanisms, namely, locks, atomic operations, RCU, and HTM. We evaluate the trees under different levels of contention by varying the size of the tree, the operations mix, and the number of threads, for a total of 210 execution scenarios for each implementation. Our evaluation shows that in the majority of executions, RCU‐HTM trees outperform their state‐of‐the‐art alternatives, and even in the cases where they do not, their performance is very close to that of the best implementation.
Mapping the genetic loci regulating leaf epicuticular wax, canopy temperature, and drought susceptibility index in Triticum aestivum
Authors: Mohammed Suheb , Huggins Trevis , Mason Esten , Beecher Francis , Chick Christopher , Sengodon Padma , Paudel Ashima , Ibrahim Amir , Tilley Michael , Hays Dirk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarlier studies have shown the significant impact of leaf glaucousness and cooler canopies on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. However, breeding for drought adaptive traits and potential yield as responses to heat or water deficit were poor. The genetic basis for drought‐adaptive traits and yield potential were assessed using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. The 180 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were derived from a cross between ‘Len’ (USA) and ‘Halberd’ (Australian) wheat lines. The RIL population and the parents were genotyped with a 90K Infinium single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) library to construct 22 linkage groups. The QTLs segregating for leaf epicuticular wax (EW), cooler canopies, drought susceptibility index (DSI), and grain attributes were identified in the population across five environments. The QTLs associated with leaf EW, cooler canopies, DSI–mean single head weight (MSHW), DSI–thousand‐kernel weight (TKW), and grain attributes co‐localized on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3B, 6B, 7A, and 7B. Gene ontology of the leaf EW QTLs on chromosomes 2B and 3B indicated that their sequences were similar to an Arabidopsis ABC transporter gene, and the leaf EW QTL on chromosome 7B was similar to the sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] ethylene‐insensitive gene. The favorable alleles associated with moisture stress tolerance were associated with the Halberd parent. The genetic loci (QWax.tam‐3B and QCTP.tam‐2B, QDSIM.tam‐2B.1) with higher logarithm of odds (LOD) and R² values could be important potential tools in breeding to improve. The chromosomal regions identified in this study can provide breeders with additional tools to develop drought‐ and heat‐tolerant cultivars through breeding.
Comparison of alfalfa mixed with tall fescue and bermudagrass on forage accumulation, botanical composition, and nutritive value
Authors: Quinby Marcia P. , Nave Renata L. G. , Sulc R. Mark , Castillo Miguel S. , Bates Gary E. , Schneider Liesel G. , McIntosh David W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn order to utilize alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), alone or in mixtures with grasses, defoliation management practices must be evaluated to assess their performance. The objective was to determine the forage accumulation (FA) and nutritive value of alfalfa grown as a monoculture (ALF) and in mixtures with tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbyish] (ATF) or bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] (ABG) subjected to four harvest intervals (clipped every 21, 28, 35, and 42 d). The study was conducted in Crossville, TN, and Charleston, OH, during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons, and in Salisbury, NC, during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Harvest intervals of 35 d or greater showed optimal FA, with greatest productivity in spring. In summer, the plot productivity of ATF was not different from ABG. The ATF mixture was superior to ABG in FA for the entire season. Although tall fescue can be very competitive with alfalfa in mixtures, it results in greater FA while reducing weed competition. Botanical composition indicated greater weed infestation in ALF than in mixtures. Growing alfalfa–grass mixtures can increase sward crude protein compared with grass monocultures (average of 128 g kg–1 for ATF and 161 g kg–1 for ABG). We conclude that harvest intervals of 35 d or longer should be adopted to provide greater FA, and the ALF and ATF treatments resulted in superior FA compared with ABG in the southern United States.
In‐Situ Characterization of Dynamic Morphological and Phase Changes of Selenium‐doped Germanium Using a Single Particle Cell and Synchrotron Transmission X‐ray Microscopy
Authors: Li Tianyi , Zhou Xinwei , Cui Yi , Meyerson Melissa L. , Weeks Jason A. , Buddie Mullins C. , De Andrade Vincent , De Carlo Francesco , Liu Yuzi , Zhu Likun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe dynamic information of lithium‐ion battery active materials obtained from coin cell‐based in‐situ characterizations might not represent the properties of the active material itself because many other factors in the cell could have impacts on the cell performance. To address this problem, a single particle cell was developed to perform the in‐situ characterization without the interference of inactive materials in the battery electrode as well as the X‐ray‐induced damage. In this study, the dynamic morphological and phase changes of selenium‐doped germanium (Ge0.9Se0.1) at the single particle level were investigated via synchrotron‐based in‐situ transmission X‐ray microscopy. The results demonstrate the good reversibility of Ge0.9Se0.1 at high cycling rate that helps understand its good cycling performance and rate capability. This in‐situ and operando technique based on a single particle battery cell provides an approach to understanding the dynamic electrochemical processes of battery materials during charging and discharging at the particle level.