bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of living kidney donation on arterial stiffness: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Rodriguez Rosendo A , Trentin Sonoda Mayra , Agharazii Mohsen , Shorr Risa , Burns Kevin D 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionKidney donors have been reported to have accelerated progression of aortic stiffness and decreased glomerular filtration compared with healthy non-donors. This is a concern because increased aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of overall cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the general population. To confirm if arterial stiffness increases after donation, we will systematically review all studies that evaluated indices of arterial stiffness in healthy individuals who underwent unilateral nephrectomy for kidney donation compared with age-matched healthy non-nephrectomised controls.Methods/analysisWe will comprehensively search for studies published between 1 January 1960 and 15 March 2021 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, OVID and EBM reviews. All prospective (cohort, case–control, case series and before-and-after studies) and retrospective non-randomised studies reporting indices of arterial stiffness in nephrectomised and non-nephrectomised healthy participants will be included. Primary outcome will be the difference in the functional metrics of arterial stiffness between donors and non-donors. Secondary outcomes will be the differences in systolic/diastolic blood pressures, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration, carotid artery intima–media thickness and vascular calcification. Study screening, selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias will be independently assessed with the ROBINS-I tool and confidence in evidence by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation recommendations. Qualitative and quantitative data syntheses as well as clinical and statistical heterogeneity (Forest plots, I2and Cochran’s Q statistics) will be evaluated. If clinical and statistical heterogeneity are acceptable, inverse variance-weighted effects will be analysed by random effect models.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is necessary. Our results will be disseminated through peer-review publication and presentations to guide stakeholders on the evaluation and follow-up care of kidney donors.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020185551.
Cumulative protective factors are associated with decreased risk for prescription opioid misuse among high school students
Authors: Timpe Zach , Clayton Heather B , Andrzejewski Jack , Phillips Chanel , Conklin Sarah , Bohm Michele K 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundMultiple protective factors at the individual and environmental levels have been associated with prescription opioid misuse (POM) among adolescents. The literature may benefit by extending this research to consider the association between cumulative protective factors and current (ie, within the past 30 days) POM.MethodsThe 2017 Virginia Youth Survey (part of the Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance System) (N=3697) was used to investigate recent POM and the presence of individual and cumulative protective factors among high school students. Youth were asked to indicate whether they had engaged POM within the past 30 days. A set of protective factors representing youths’ internal assets (eg, aspirational plans for education) and external resources (eg, family meals, safe school environment) were investigated as predictors of current POM, followed by testing of a cumulative protective factor score. Logistic regression models estimated ORs and 95% CIs.ResultsWhen including demographics and risk factors in the model, none of the individual protective factors were significantly associated with current POM. Alternatively, the cumulative protective factor score was significantly associated with a decrease in the odds of current POM.ConclusionsThe cumulative protective factor score was significantly associated with a decrease in the odds of current POM among high school students in Virginia. Programmes designed to provide multiple forms of support may be effective strategies for preventing current POM.
Suicide risk with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other new-generation antidepressants in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Hengartner Michael P , Amendola Simone , Kaminski Jakob A , Kindler Simone , Bschor Tom , Plöderl Martin 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThere is ongoing controversy whether antidepressant use alters suicide risk in adults with depression and other treatment indications.MethodsSystematic review of observational studies, searching MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, PsycARTICLES and SCOPUS for case–control and cohort studies. We included studies on depression and various indications unspecified (including off-label use) reporting risk of suicide and/or suicide attempt for adult patients using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and other new-generation antidepressants relative to non-users. Effects were meta-analytically aggregated with random-effects models, reporting relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% CIs. Publication bias was assessed via funnel-plot asymmetry and trim-and-fill method. Financial conflict of interest (fCOI) was defined present when lead authors’ professorship was industry-sponsored, they received industry-payments, or when the study was industry-sponsored.ResultsWe included 27 studies, 19 on depression and 8 on various indications unspecified (n=1.45 million subjects). SSRI were not definitely related to suicide risk (suicide and suicide attempt combined) in depression (RR=1.03, 0.70–1.51) and all indications (RR=1.19, 0.88–1.60). Any new-generation antidepressant was associated with higher suicide risk in depression (RR=1.29, 1.06–1.57) and all indications (RR=1.45, 1.23–1.70). Studies with fCOI reported significantly lower risk estimates than studies without fCOI. Funnel-plots were asymmetrical and imputation of missing studies with trim-and-fill method produced considerably higher risk estimates.ConclusionsExposure to new-generation antidepressants is associated with higher suicide risk in adult routine-care patients with depression and other treatment indications. Publication bias and fCOI likely contribute to systematic underestimation of risk in the published literature.RegistrationOpen Science Framework,https://osf.io/eaqwn/
Active spheres induce Marangoni flows that drive collective dynamics
Authors: Wittmann Martin , Popescu Mihail N. , Domínguez Alvaro , Simmchen Juliane 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For monolayers of chemically active particles at a fluid interface, collective dynamics is predicted to arise owing to activity-induced Marangoni flow even if the particles are not self-propelled. Here, we test this prediction by employing a monolayer of spherically symmetric active $$\hbox {TiO}_2$$

TiO
2

particles located at an oil–water interface with or without addition of a nonionic surfactant. Due to the spherical symmetry, an individual particle does not self-propel. However, the gradients produced by the photochemical fuel degradation give rise to long-ranged Marangoni flows. For the case in which surfactant is added to the system, we indeed observe the emergence of collective motion, with dynamics dependent on the particle coverage of the monolayer. The experimental observations are discussed within the framework of a simple theoretical mean-field model.

Graphic abstract
An ambient approach to conformal geodesics
Authors: Fine Joel , Herfray Yannick 
Published: March 2021

Conformal geodesics are distinguished curves on a conformal manifold, loosely analogous to geodesics of Riemannian geometry. One definition of them is as solutions to a third-order differential equation determined by the conformal structure. There is an alternative description via the tractor calculus. In this article, we give a third description using ideas from holography. A conformal [Formula: see text]-manifold [Formula: see text] can be seen (formally at least) as the asymptotic boundary of a Poincaré–Einstein [Formula: see text]-manifold [Formula: see text]. We show that any curve [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] has a uniquely determined extension to a surface [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], which we call the ambient surface of[Formula: see text]. This surface meets the boundary [Formula: see text] in right angles along [Formula: see text] and is singled out by the requirement that it be a critical point of renormalized area. The conformal geometry of [Formula: see text] is encoded in the Riemannian geometry of [Formula: see text]. In particular, [Formula: see text] is a conformal geodesic precisely when [Formula: see text] is asymptotically totally geodesic, i.e. its second fundamental form vanishes to one order higher than expected. We also relate this construction to tractors and the ambient metric construction of Fefferman and Graham. In the [Formula: see text]-dimensional ambient manifold, the ambient surface is a graph over the bundle of scales. The tractor calculus then identifies with the usual tensor calculus along this surface. This gives an alternative compact proof of our holographic characterization of conformal geodesics.
Targeting Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitophagy
Authors: Sandoval-Acuña Cristian , Torrealba Natalia , Tomkova Veronika , Jadhav Sukanya B. , Blazkova Kristyna , Merta Ladislav , Lettlova Sandra , Adamcová Miroslava K. , Rosel Daniel , Brábek Jan , Neuzil Jiri , Stursa Jan , Werner Lukas , Truksa Jaroslav 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Deferoxamine (DFO) represents a widely used iron chelator for the treatment of iron overload. Here we describe the use of mitochondrially targeted deferoxamine (mitoDFO) as a novel approach to preferentially target cancer cells. The agent showed marked cytostatic, cytotoxic, and migrastatic properties in vitro, and it significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. The underlying molecular mechanisms included (i) impairment of iron-sulfur [Fe-S] cluster/heme biogenesis, leading to destabilization and loss of activity of [Fe-S] cluster/heme containing enzymes, (ii) inhibition of mitochondrial respiration leading to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, resulting in dysfunctional mitochondria with markedly reduced supercomplexes, and (iii) fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and induction of mitophagy. Mitochondrial targeting of deferoxamine represents a way to deprive cancer cells of biologically active iron, which is incompatible with their proliferation and invasion, without disrupting systemic iron metabolism. Our findings highlight the importance of mitochondrial iron metabolism for cancer cells and demonstrate repurposing deferoxamine into an effective anticancer drug via mitochondrial targeting.

Significance:
These findings show that targeting the iron chelator deferoxamine to mitochondria impairs mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis of [Fe-S] clusters/heme in cancer cells, which suppresses proliferation and migration and induces cell death.
High-Specific-Activity-131I-MIBG versus 177Lu-DOTATATE Targeted Radionuclide Therapy for Metastatic Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Jha Abhishek , Taïeb David , Carrasquillo Jorge A. , Pryma Daniel A. , Patel Mayank , Millo Corina , de Herder Wouter W. , Del Rivero Jaydira , Crona Joakim , Shulkin Barry L. , Virgolini Irene , Chen Alice P. , Mittal Bhagwant R. , Basu Sandip , Dillon Joseph S. , Hope Thomas A. , Mari Aparici Carina , Iagaru Andrei H. , Hicks Rodney J. , Avram Anca M. , Strosberg Jonathan R. , Civelek Ali Cahid , Lin Frank I. , Pandit-Taskar Neeta , Pacak Karel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapies (TRT) using 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (177Lu or 90Y) represent several of the therapeutic options in the management of metastatic/inoperable pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Recently, high-specific-activity-131I-MIBG therapy was approved by the FDA and both 177Lu-DOTATATE and 131I-MIBG therapy were recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for the treatment of metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. However, a clinical dilemma often arises in the selection of TRT, especially when a patient can be treated with either type of therapy based on eligibility by MIBG and somatostatin receptor imaging. To address this problem, we assembled a group of international experts, including oncologists, endocrinologists, and nuclear medicine physicians, with substantial experience in treating neuroendocrine tumors with TRTs to develop consensus and provide expert recommendations and perspectives on how to select between these two therapeutic options for metastatic/inoperable pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. This article aims to summarize the survival outcomes of the available TRTs; discuss personalized treatment strategies based on functional imaging scans; address practical issues, including regulatory approvals; and compare toxicities and risk factors across treatments. Furthermore, it discusses the emerging TRTs.
A Novel Biomarker Panel for the Early Detection and Risk Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Khan Ilvira M. , Gjuka Donjeta , Jiao Jingjing , Song Xiaoling , Wang Ying , Wang Jing , Wei Peng , El-Serag Hashem B. , Marrero Jorge A. , Beretta Laura 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Novel biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance in patients with cirrhosis are urgently needed. We previously identified osteopontin (OPN) as a promising biomarker for the early detection of HCC. This study is to further validate the performance of OPN and identify fatty acids (FA) that could improve OPN's performance in HCC risk assessment in patients with cirrhosis. To that end, we selected 103 patients with cirrhosis under surveillance. Among them, 40 patients developed HCC during follow-up. We investigated in these 103 patients, the association between HCC incidence and prediagnostic serum levels of AFP, OPN, and 46 FAs. OPN performance was higher than AFP in detecting prediagnosis HCCs and the combination with AFP further improved OPN's performance. For patients with a diagnosis of HCC within 18 months of follow-up (HCC &lt; 18 months), AUC for OPN + AFP was 0.77. Abundance of 11 FAs [four long-chain saturated FAs (SFA), four n-3 poly-unsaturated FAs (PUFA), and three n-6 PUFAs] were statistically different between patients who developed HCC and those who did not. Abundance changes correlated with time to diagnosis for the PUFAs, but not for the SFAs. Adding arachidic acid (20:0) and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n3) to OPN and AFP improved the discriminatory performance (AUC = 0.83). AUC for this panel reached 0.87 for HCC &lt; 18 months (82% sensitivity at 81% specificity). In conclusion, we identified a panel of 4 markers with strong performances that could have significant utility in HCC early detection in patients with cirrhosis under surveillance.

Prevention Relevance:
This study identified a panel of 4 biomarkers that identifies with high performance patients with cirrhosis at high risk for HCC. This panel could have utility in HCC early detection in patients with cirrhosis under surveillance.
Prediction of the effects of environmental factors towards COVID-19 outbreak using AI-based models
Authors: Mahmoud Khalid , Bebiş Hatice , G. Usman A. , N. Salihu A. , S. Gaya M. , Farouk Dalhat Umar , A. Abdulkadir R. , B. Jibril M. , I. Abba S. 
Published: March 2021

<p>The need for elucidating the effects of environmental factors in the determination of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) is very vital. This study is a methodological study to compare three different test models (1. Artificial neural networks (ANN), 2. Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), 3. A linear classical model (MLR)) used to determine the relationship between COVID-19 spread and environmental factors (temperature, humidity and wind). These data were obtained from the studies (Pirouz, Haghshenas, Haghshenas, &amp; Piro, 2020) with confirmed COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, using temperature, humidity and wind as the independent variables. The measured and the predicted results were checked based on three different performance indices; Root mean square error (RMSE), determination coefficient (R2) and correlation coefficient (R). The results showed that ANFIS and ANN are more promising over the classical MLR models having an average R-values of 0.90 in both calibration and verification stages. The findings indicated that ANFIS outperformed MLR and ANN. In addition, their performance skills boosted up to 25% and 9% respectively based on the determination coefficient for the prediction of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Wuhan city of China. Overall, the results depict the reliability and ability of AI-based models (ANFIS and ANN) for the simulation of COVID-19 using the effects of various environmental variables. </p>
Favorable Venous Outflow Profiles Correlate With Favorable Tissue-Level Collaterals and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Faizy Tobias D. , Kabiri Reza , Christensen Soren , Mlynash Michael , Kuraitis Gabriella M. , Broocks Gabriel , Flottmann Fabian , Marks Michael P. , Lansberg Maarten G. , Albers Gregory W. , Fiehler Jens , Wintermark Max , Heit Jeremy J. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
Patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion and favorable tissue-level collaterals (TLCs) likely have robust cortical venous outflow (VO). We hypothesized that favorable VO predicts robust TLC and good clinical outcomes.

Methods:
Multicenter retrospective cohort study of consecutive acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion patients who underwent thrombectomy triage. Included patients had interpretable prethrombectomy computed tomography, computed tomography angiography, and cerebral perfusion imaging. TLCs were measured on cerebral perfusion studies using the hypoperfusion intensity ratio (volume ratio of brain tissue with [Tmax >10 s/Tmax >6 s]). VO was determined by opacification of the vein of Labbé, sphenoparietal sinus, and superficial middle cerebral vein on computed tomography angiography as 0, not visible; 1, moderate opacification; and 2, full. Clinical and demographic data were determined from the electronic medical record. Using multivariable regression analyses, we determined the association between VO and (1) favorable TLC status (defined as hypoperfusion intensity ratio ≤0.4) and (2) good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2).

Results:

Six hundred forty-nine patients met inclusion criteria. Patients with favorable VO were younger (median age, 72 [interquartile range (IQR), 62–80] versus 77 [IQR, 66–84] years), had a lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (median, 12 [IQR, 7–17] versus 19 [IQR, 13–20]), and had a higher Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (median, 9 [IQR, 7–10] versus 7 [IQR, 6–9]). Favorable VO strongly predicted favorable TLC (odds ratio, 4.5 [95% CI, 3.1–6.5];
P
<0.001) in an adjusted regression analysis. Favorable VO also predicted good clinical outcome (odds ratio, 10 [95% CI, 6.2–16.0];
P
<0.001), while controlling for favorable TLC, age, glucose, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and good vessel reperfusion status.

Conclusions:
In this selective retrospective cohort study of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion patients undergoing thrombectomy triage, favorable VO profiles correlated with favorable TLC and were associated with good functional outcomes after treatment. Future prospective studies should independently validate our findings.
Social interaction in males of the Amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Ibrahim Adriana N. A. F. , Karplus Ilan , Valenti Wagner C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The large size variation of Macrobrachium amazonicum reflects a complex population structure that consists of four morphotypes, called TC (Translucent Claw), CC (Cinnamon Claw), GC1 (Green Claw 1), and GC2 (Green Claw 2). The effect of the largest morphotype (GC2) claws on development and behaviour of the smallest male morphotype (TC) was analysed through manipulations of the large prawn’s second pair of claws. TC males were paired for 75 days in aquaria with (a) an intact GC2, (b) a GC2 with immobilized dactyls, and (c) a GC2 without chelipeds. Isolated TC males served as a control. The maintenance activities of TC males and social interactions with the GC2 morphotype were monitored. Survival and growth of TC males was lower in relation to the control when they were paired with intact GC2 males. Aggressive interactions were carried out almost exclusively by GC2 and strongly affected the behaviour of the small prawns. The absence of chelipeds and immobilization of dactyls in GC2 prawns reduced the negative effect on the development of TC males and agonistic behaviour. The social interactions between GC2 and TC prawns reflect a stable dominance hierarchy. The large claw of the GC2 morphotype plays a major role in the social interaction.
A clean and efficient processing system to improve the fluffiness of down fibers based on multi-enzymes
Authors: Qiang Taotao , Pu Yadong , Zhang Qi 
Published: March 2021

Down fiber – a natural and environmentally recyclable insulation material – is applied mainly in the area of natural-filled products. However, owing to its natural deficiencies of low fluffiness and thermal stability, large-scale application is limited. In our work, an enzyme preparation (transglutaminase (TGase)) was used as a fluffy agent to improve the fluffy degree of down. With fluffy as the main index, the single factor condition of only using TGase enzyme was optimized, and fluffiness was increased by 22%. On the basis of this optimum condition, the compound dosage of papain and TGase was further optimized. The fluffy degree of down was improved by hydrolysis of papain and crosslinking of TGase. Amino group content, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), moisture absorption, tensile strength, and elongation at break of down treated with different enzyme reagents were tested. The results showed that the thermal stability of down fiber treated with the multi enzyme increased significantly, the denaturation temperature was increased from 53.7°C to 77.4°C, and the moisture absorption was also improved. The elastic property also exhibited a great enhancement; elongation at break increased from 12.4% to 37.7%, nearly three times higher than the original property, and the tensile strength increased from 180 MPa to 370 MPa, almost 2.1 times as much as before, increased by 105.6%.