bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic and Structural Transitions of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructure Driven by Polar Field‐Assisted Oxygen Vacancy Formation at the Surface
Authors: Song Kyung , Min Taewon , Seo Jinsol , Ryu Sangwoo , Lee Hyungwoo , Wang Zhipeng , Choi Si‐Young , Lee Jaekwang , Eom Chang‐Beom , Oh Sang Ho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe origin of 2D electron gas (2DEG) at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interfaces has remained highly controversial since its discovery. Various models are proposed, which include electronic reconstruction via surface‐to‐interface charge transfer and defect‐mediated doping involving cation intermixing or oxygen vacancy (VO) formation. It is shown that the polar field‐assisted VO formation at the LAO/STO surface plays critical roles in the 2DEG formation and concurrent structural transition. Comprehensive scanning transmission electron microscopy analyses, in conjunction with density functional theory calculations, demonstrate that VO forming at the LAO/STO surface above the critical thickness (tc) cancels the polar field by doping the interface with 2DEG. The antiferrodistortive (AFD) octahedral rotations in LAO, which are suppressed below the tc, evolve with the formation of VO above the tc. The present study reveals that local symmetry breaking and shallow donor behavior of VO induce the AFD rotations and relieve the electrical field by electron doping the oxide heterointerface.
A Photovoltaic Self‐Powered Gas Sensor Based on All‐Dry Transferred MoS2/GaSe Heterojunction for ppb‐Level NO2 Sensing at Room Temperature
Authors: Niu Yue , Zeng Junwei , Liu Xiangcheng , Li Jialong , Wang Quan , Li Hao , Rooij Nicolaas Frans de , Wang Yao , Zhou Guofu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTraditional gas sensors are facing the challenge of low power consumption for future application in smart phones and wireless sensor platforms. To solve this problem, self‐powered gas sensors are rapidly developed in recent years. However, all reported self‐powered gas sensors are suffering from high limit of detection (LOD) toward NO2 gas. In this work, a photovoltaic self‐powered NO2 gas sensor based on n‐MoS2/p‐GaSe heterojunction is successfully prepared by mechanical exfoliation and all‐dry transfer method. Under 405 nm visible light illumination, the fabricated photovoltaic self‐powered gas sensors show a significant response toward ppb‐level NO2 with short response and recovery time and high selectivity at room temperature (25 °C). It is worth mentioning that the LOD toward NO2 of this device is 20 ppb, which is the lowest of the reported self‐powered room‐temperature gas sensors so far. The discussed devices can be used as building blocks to fabricate more functional Internet of things devices.
Sowing Silver Seeds within Patterned Ditches for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Hua , Hu Pei , Liu Xueting , Shen Yue , Yuan Lixia , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interfacial instability of lithium (Li) metal is one of the critical challenges, which hinders the application of rechargeable Li metal batteries (LMBs). Designing facile and effective surface/interface is extremely important for practical LMBs manufacturing. Here, a highly stable Li anode with silver nanowires sowed in the patterned ditches via a simple calendaring process is developed. The remarkably increased electroactive surface area and the superior lithiophilic Ag seeds enable Li stripping/plating mainly inside the ditches. Benefitting from such unique structural design, the ditches‐patterned and Ag‐modified composite Li anode (D‐Ag@Li) achieves excellent cyclability under 2 mA cm−2 / 4 mAh cm−2 over 360 h cycling with low nucleation overpotential of 16 mV. Pairing with the D‐Ag@Li anode, the full cells with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes achieve long cycle life with 94.2% retention after 2000 cycles and 74.2% after 4000 cycles, respectively. Moreover, ultrasonic transmission mapping shows no gas generation for the LFP pouch full cell pouch cell based on D‐Ag@Li over prolonged cycling, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the authors' strategy for LMBs.
Impact of Acceptor Quadrupole Moment on Charge Generation and Recombination in Blends of IDT‐Based Non‐Fullerene Acceptors with PCE10 as Donor Polymer
Authors: Khan Jafar I. , Alamoudi Maha A. , Chaturvedi Neha , Ashraf Raja S. , Nabi Mohammed N. , Markina Anastasia , Liu Wenlan , Dela Peña Top Archie , Zhang Weimin , Alévêque Olivier , Harrison George T. , Alsufyani Wejdan , Levillain Eric , De Wolf Stefaan , Andrienko Denis , McCulloch Iain , Laquai Frédéric 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdvancing non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) organic photovoltaics requires the mitigation of the efficiency‐limiting processes. Acceptor end‐group and side‐chain engineering are two handles to tune properties, and a better understanding of their specific impact on the photophysics could facilitate a more guided acceptor design. Here, the device performance, energetic landscape, and photophysics of rhodanine and dicyanovinyl end‐capped IDT‐based NFAs, namely, O‐IDTBR and O‐IDTBCN, in PCE10‐based solar cells are compared by transient optical and electro‐optical spectroscopy techniques and density functional theory calculations. It is revealed how the acceptors’ quadrupole moments affect the interfacial energetic landscape, in turn causing differences in exciton quenching, charge dissociation efficiencies, and geminate versus non‐geminate recombination losses. More precisely, it is found that the open circuit voltage (VOC) is controlled by the acceptors’ electron affinity (EA), while geminate and non‐geminate recombination, and the field dependence of charge generation, rely on the acceptors’ quadrupole moments. The kinetic parameters and yields of all processes are determined, and it is demonstrated that they can reproduce the performance differences of the devices’ current–voltage characteristics in carrier drift‐diffusion simulations. The results provide insight into the impact of the energetic landscape, specifically the role of the quadrupole moment of the acceptor, beyond trivial considerations of the donor–acceptor energy offsets.
Role of surgical resection and its alternative local therapy for pulmonary metastasis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Ogawa Hiroomi , Yajima Toshiki , Sohda Makoto , Shirabe Ken , Saeki Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe reviewed surgical and alternative treatments for pulmonary metastasis of colorectal cancer, focusing on recent reports. The standard treatment for pulmonary metastasis of colorectal cancer is pulmonary resection, if resectable, despite the fact that the metastasis is hematogenous to distant organs. Guidelines in several countries, including Japan, have described pulmonary resection as a useful option because of the favorable long‐term prognosis reported in various studies pertaining to pulmonary resection. The indications for pulmonary resection have been reviewed in several studies; additionally, the number of metastases, pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen value, and disease‐free interval from the primary resection to pulmonary recurrence have been proposed. However, no consensus has been reached to date. Contrastingly, recent advances in chemotherapy have remarkably improved the outcome of distant metastases, indicating that it is time to reconsider the significance of local treatment, including pulmonary resection. In addition to surgical resection, minimally invasive therapies, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and radiofrequency ablation have been developed as local treatments for pulmonary metastases, and their long‐term results have been reported. Prospective controlled trials and large‐scale data analyses are needed to determine the best local treatment for pulmonary metastases and to find the appropriate indication for each treatment.
Social aging in male and female Barbary macaques
Authors: Rathke Eva‐Maria , Fischer Julia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAging brings about notable changes in sociality, with an increasing focus on essential partners in both humans and nonhuman primates. Several studies have shown that older nonhuman primates have fewer social partners and shift their types of interactions. The majority of these studies, however, involved only female individuals. Much less is known about the trajectory of social aging in males. We collected 2180 h of focal observation data in a large age‐heterogeneous sample of 34 male and 50 female Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus; age range 5–30 years) living in two social groups at the outdoor enclosure at La Forêt des Singes in Rocamadour (France). To track age‐related changes in social engagement of both sexes, we used classical behavioral and social network analysis to measure age‐related variation in the number of partners, the frequency of affiliative interactions, and the position in the social network (eigenvector centrality and local clustering coefficient). We found that females were more central in most social network metrics than males, that is, had more social partners and were more engaged in affiliative interactions than males. We did not find notable sex differences with age: both sexes showed a similar decline in social activity and energy‐demanding activities like jumping or running. Our results thereby extend our knowledge of older nonhuman primates' social life and emphasize that age can have a similar impact on female and male social behavior.
Optimal preventive maintenance for reparable networks
Authors: Memari Maryam , Zarezadeh Somayeh , Asadi Majid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNowadays, networks (systems) appear in many areas of science and technology. One of the most important strategies to reduce the likelihood of the failure of an operating network is preventive maintenance (PM). In this article, we propose some optimal PM models for a network consisting of n, n ≥ 1, links (components). The criteria of interest are the “cost function” of renewing the network and “stationary availability” of the network during its mission. In the first part of the article, we consider the case that the network is formed of identical components while in the second part, we deal with the case that the network is built up from several nonidentical groups of components. In both parts, we utilize the PM under some partial information about the status of the network at a time t. The results of the article are developed using the notions of signature and survival signature. To interpret the proposed models, the results are illustrated numerically and graphically for two networks.
Effect of vitamins and metal ions on productivity and charge heterogeneity of IgG1 expressed in CHO cells
Authors: Gangwar Neelesh , Mishra Rishabh , Budholiya Niharika , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecombinant monoclonal antibodies have emerged as the most successful modality of biotherapeutics. They are primarily expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. It is well known that post‐translational modifications (PTM) contribute significantly to heterogeneity with respect to charge, glycosylation, and size. These attributes in turn impact stability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the biotherapeutic product. Cell culture media components are known to significantly contribute to both cellular productivity as well as post‐translational modifications. Thus, it is highly desirable to understand how media components affect product quality.This study aims to explore the impact of vitamins and metal ions on protein expression and post‐translational modifications specifically charge heterogeneity. Biotin, choline chloride, D‐calcium pantothenate, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride vitamins and Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Zn, Mn, Ni metal ions were examined in this study. The results indicate that pyridoxine enhances productivity while Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and biotin impact charge heterogeneity. While, Fe, Mn and Ni enhance production of the acidic variants, Cu and biotin inhibit it. Zn reduces formation of basic variants while biotin enhances it.The results from this investigation could be used for process control so as to get consistent charge variant profile, in particular for biosimilars.
Inhibition of microRNA‐129–2‐3p protects against refractory temporal lobe epilepsy by regulating GABRA1
Authors: Wang Guan‐Yu , Luan Zhi‐Lin , Che Ning‐Wei , Yan De‐Bin , Sun Xiao‐Wan , Zhang Cong , Yin Jian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence demonstrates that certain microRNAs play critical roles in epileptogenesis. Our previous studies found microRNA (miR)‐129–2‐3p was induced in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In this study, we aimed to explore the role of miR‐129–2‐3p in TLE pathogenesis.MethodBy bioinformatics, we predicted miR‐129–2‐3p may target the gene GABRA1 encoding the GABA type A receptor subunit alpha 1. Luciferase assay was used to investigate the regulation of miR‐129–2‐3p on GABRA1 3’UTR. The dynamic expression of miR‐129–2‐3p and GABRA1 mRNA and protein levels were measured in primary hippocampal neurons and a rat kainic acid (KA)‐induced seizure model by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, and immunostaining. MiR‐129–2‐3p agomir and antagomir were utilized to explore their role in determining GABRA1 expression. The effects of targeting miR‐129–2‐3p and GABRA1 on epilepsy were assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) and immunostaining.ResultsLuciferase assay, qPCR, and Western blot results suggested GABRA1 as a direct target of miR‐129–2‐3p. MiR‐129–2‐3p level was significantly upregulated, whereas GABRA1 expression downregulated in KA‐treated rat primary hippocampal neurons and KA‐induced seizure model. In vivo knockdown of miR‐129–2‐3p by antagomir alleviated the seizure‐like EEG findings in accordance with the upregulation of GABRA1. Furthermore, the seizure‐suppressing effect of the antagomir was partly GABRA1 dependent.ConclusionsThe results suggested GABRA1 as a target of miR‐129–2‐3p in rat primary hippocampal neurons and a rat kainic acid (KA) seizure model. Silencing of miR‐129–2‐3p exerted a seizure‐suppressing effect in rats. MiR‐129–2‐3p/GABRA1 pathway may represent a potential target for the prevention and treatment of refractory epilepsy.
Synthesizing affective virtual reality multicharacter experiences
Authors: Mazumdar Angshuman , Mousas Christos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article presents a methodology for automatically synthesizing a virtual population (pedestrians placed in a virtual environment) that impacts a user with a specified affective experience. The pipeline began by developing a dataset of behaviors that could be assigned to virtual characters. Next, an annotation phase assigned affective responses of participants to each character's behavior. The design considerations of our affective multicharacter virtual reality experience were then encoded to cost terms and assigned to a total cost function. This method allowed the developer to control the priority and the targets of the cost terms, and given the user inputs, our application could optimize the multicharacter experience using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method known as simulated annealing. A user study was conducted to investigate whether our method could synthesize virtual reality multicharacter experiences that affect participants in an expected way. The results of our study showed that the three different synthesized multicharacter experiences (low, medium, and high negative affect) were perceived as expected by participants; therefore, we argue that we can indeed automatically synthesize virtual reality multicharacter experiences that impact participants' affect levels in an expected way. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Improved divergence‐free smoothed particle hydrodynamics via priority of divergence‐free solver and SOR
Authors: Wu Maolin , Liu Shiguang , Xu Qing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFluid simulation plays an important role in movie special effects, computer games, etc. In recent years, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) has become a popular fluid simulation method due to its simpler implementation and better processing capabilities for various complex scenes. Although the computational efficiency of the current SPH method has been significantly improved, there is still much room for improvement in pressure solving. This paper proposes an improved pressure solution method based on DFSPH. Firstly, we eliminate the velocity divergence of the fluid by changing the solution order of the nonpressure force and divergence solvers, thereby reducing the number of iterations required by the density solver. Secondly, the SOR method is applied to the pressure solver, furthering reducing the number of iterations of the density solver. Various experiments demonstrated that our method improves the efficiency of the solver with little decrease in stability compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods. The speedup factor reaches between 1.35 and 1.4 at a time step of 5ms, and the more the number of particles, the faster the performance increases.
Green nail syndrome caused by Citrobacter braakii
Authors: Mulita Francesk , Tchabashvili Levan , Liolis Elias , Tasios Konstantinos , Iliopoulos Fotios , Kaplanis Charalampos , Parchas Nikolaos , Plachouri Kerasia‐Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 34‐year‐old woman presented due to progressive painful swelling around the nail of the right index finger. Onychectomy and drainage of the abscess of the affected finger were performed as the inflammation was progressive despite the previous antibiotic therapy. The microbiological culture revealed a ciprofloxacin‐susceptible Citrobacter braakii.
Candida esophagitis incidentally detected by 18F‐FDG PET/CT in a patient with CNS lymphoma
Authors: Bayar Melikşah , Özgür Yurttaş Nurgül , Bilgiç Seçkin , Karakuş Kebire , Önal Uğur , Sönmezoğlu Kerim , Başlar Zafer , Eşkazan Ahmet Emre 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCorticosteroids are commonly used in lymphoma patients, and findings in favor of esophageal involvement in 18F‐FDG PET‐CT should be considered suspicious and definitely be confirmed by biopsy. We describe a 58‐year‐old lady with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and central nervous system involvement having an increased metabolism in the distal esophagus with 18F‐FDG PET/CT, which was consistent with esophageal candidiasis, most probably due to prolonged use of dexamethasone. Esophageal candidiasis can be misdiagnosed as malignancy with a high SUVmax and may lead to difficulties while managing these patients.
Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma with a bilio‐gastric fistula and Krukenberg syndrome
Authors: Sabbah Meriam , Gharbi Ghada , Bellil Nawel , Helal Imen , Chamakhi Chiraz , Gargouri Dalila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrimary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach is a rare type of gastric malignancies. Diagnosis criteria are well defined but diagnosis is generally late being made at an advanced stage with metastases explaining its poor diagnosis.
Stinging abdominal pain at 32 gestational weeks with prior classical uterine incision: Careful assessment or emergency cesarean delivery?
Authors: Kakigano Aiko , Matsuzaki Shinya , Kinose Yasuto , Kimura Toshihiro , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe risk of uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancy is 1%‐12% in patients with prior classical uterine incision. Management of mild/moderate abdominal pain without an obvious abnormal finding before 36 weeks is challenging owing to fetal immaturity.
Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly for the Preparation of Poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐b‐Poly(4‐tert‐butoxystyrene‐co‐pentafluorostyrene) Particles with Inverse Bicontinuous Phases†
Authors: Luo Xin , An Zesheng 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionPolymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) is an effective method to prepare block copolymer (BCP) particles with various morphologies. However, BCPs with inverse bicontinuous phase structure have been rarely prepared via PISA. Herein, we report the preparation of particles, consisting of poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐b‐poly(4‐tert‐butoxystyrene‐co‐pentafluorostyrene) BCP, with inverse bicontinuous phases via PISA in ethanol/water. The effects of solvent composition and the degree of polymerization of the core‐forming were investigated. The bicontinuous structure of BCP particles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy.
MOFs‐Derived N‐Doped Carbon‐Encapsulated Metal/Alloy Electrocatalysts to Tune the Electronic Structure and Reactivity of Carbon Active Sites†
Authors: Yang Yang , Su Jianwei , Jiang Peng , Chen Jitang , Hu Lin , Chen Qianwang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite progress over the past few years in developing efficient low‐cost catalysts, precious metals are still the best catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the natural scarcity and high cost greatly hamper their large‐scale commercialization. The combination of graphene shell with metal core could tune the electronic structure of carbon active sites. Recently, nitrogen doped graphene encapsulated metal or alloy (M@NG) has emerged as novel and fascinating electrocatalysts. In this review, we focus on some recent advances in designing M@NG electrocatalysts for HER, OER and ORR through tuning electronic structure and activity of carbon active sites. We have summarized some facile and universal strategy for synthesizing various M@NG via direct annealing of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). With elaborated MOFs precursor design, careful control over the nitrogen doping level, metal element types and alloy structure, the electronic structure of carbon active sites can be rationally tuned to optimize activity for different electrochemical reactions. We hope this review can provide new insights into the design of M@NG with high catalytic activity.
LIM domain proteins in cell mechanobiology
Authors: Anderson Caitlin A. , Kovar David R. , Gardel Margaret L. , Winkelman Jonathan D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe actin cytoskeleton is important for maintaining mechanical homeostasis in adherent cells, largely through its regulation of adhesion and cortical tension. The LIM (Lin‐11, Isl1, MEC‐3) domain‐containing proteins are involved in a myriad of cellular mechanosensitive pathways. Recent work has discovered that LIM domains bind to mechanically stressed actin filaments, suggesting a novel and widely conserved mechanism of mechanosensing. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of LIM protein mechanosensitivity.
Metal‐Based Catalytic Drug Development for Next‐Generation Cancer Therapy
Authors: Fan Zhongxian , Huang Juyang , Huang Huaiyi , Banerjee Samya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsidering the high increase in mortality caused by cancer in recent years, cancer drugs with novel mechanisms of anticancer action are urgently needed to overcome the drawbacks of platinum‐based chemotherapeutics. Recently, in the area of metal‐based cancer drug development research, the concept of catalytic cancer drugs has been introduced with organometallic RuII, OsII, RhIII and IrIII complexes. These complexes are reported as catalysts for many important biological transformations in cancer cells such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) oxidation to NAD+, reduction of NAD+ to NADH, and reduction of pyruvate to lactate. These unnatural intracellular transformations with catalytic and nontoxic doses of metal complexes are known to severely perturb several important biochemical pathways and could be the antecedent of next‐generation catalytic cancer drug development. In this concept, we delineate the prospects of such recently reported organometallic RuII, OsII, RhIII and IrIII complexes as future catalytic cancer drugs. This new approach has the potential to deliver new cancer drug candidates.