bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Parental Presence on Their Children During Painful Medical Procedures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rheel Emma , Malfliet Anneleen , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M L , Pas Roselien , Vervoort Tine , Ickmans Kelly 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Whether parental presence during their children’s painful medical procedures is advantageous with regard to children’s pain-related outcomes is questionable. Research on this topic is equivocal, and additional questions, such as whether levels of parental involvement may play a role as well, remain to be addressed. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize and critically appraise the literature on the impact of parental presence vs absence during their children’s painful medical procedures on the child’s pain-related outcomes.

Methods
The review protocol was registered on Prospero (ID CRD42018116614). A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycArticles resulted in 22 eligible studies incorporating 2,157 participants. Studies were considered eligible if they included children (≤18 years old) undergoing a painful medical procedure and compared parental presence and/or involvement with parental absence during the procedure.

Results
The children’s pain-related outcomes included self-reported pain intensity, self-reported fear, anxiety and distress, observed pain-related behavior, and physiological parameters. Overall, evidence points in the direction of beneficial effects of parental presence vs absence with regard to children’s self-reported pain intensity and physiological parameters, whereas mixed findings were recorded for children’s self-reported fears, anxiety and distress, and observed pain-related behaviors.

Conclusions
To provide clear recommendations on how to involve the parent during the procedure, as well as for which type of children and parents parental presence has the best effects, further research is needed, as indicated in this review.
A Network Analysis of Selected Psychosocial Factors in Vulvodynia and Its Subtypes
Authors: Chisari Claudia , Begleris Ioannis , Monajemi Mani B , Lewis Fiona , Moss-Morris Rona , Scott Whitney , McCracken Lance M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivePsychosocial factors are related to pain and sex-related outcomes in provoked vulvodynia and possibly in mixed and spontaneous vulvodynia. However, a broader behavioral framework, such as the psychological flexibility model, has received limited attention in this context. Recently, additional psychosocial variables have also emerged that appear relevant to vulvodynia, including perceived injustice, body-exposure anxiety during intercourse, and unmitigated sexual communion. The present study applied network analysis to explore relations between psychological flexibility, newly emerging psychosocial variables relevant to vulvodynia, and their associations with vulvodynia outcomes. The study also explored potential differences across vulvodynia subtypes.DesignAn online cross-sectional study of 349 participants with vulvodynia (112 provoked, 237 spontaneous/mixed) was carried out.MethodsParticipants completed self-report questionnaires, including questions on pain and sexual outcomes, depression, facets of psychological flexibility, body-exposure anxiety during intercourse, unmitigated sexual communion, and perceived injustice. Networks were computed for the total sample and for provoked and mixed/spontaneous vulvodynia subsamples.ResultsPerceived injustice, pain acceptance, and depression were “central” factors among the included variables, in all models. Psychological flexibility processes were relevant for all networks. Depression was more central in the network for mixed/spontaneous vulvodynia; body-exposure anxiety during intercourse was most central for the provoked subtype.ConclusionsAmong the included variables, perceived injustice, pain acceptance, depression, and psychological flexibility appear to be important in vulvodynia. As different factors are significant across subtypes, tailored treatment approaches are suggested.
A Structural Connectivity Disruption One Decade before the Typical Age for Dementia: A Study in Healthy Subjects with Family History of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ramírez-Toraño F , Abbas Kausar , Bruña Ricardo , Marcos de Pedro Silvia , Gómez-Ruiz Natividad , Barabash Ana , Pereda Ernesto , Marcos Alberto , López-Higes Ramón , Maestu Fernando , Goñi Joaquín 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe concept of the brain has shifted to a complex system where different subnetworks support the human cognitive functions. Neurodegenerative diseases would affect the interactions among these subnetworks and, the evolution of impairment and the subnetworks involved would be unique for each neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we seek for structural connectivity traits associated with the family history of Alzheimer’s disease, that is, early signs of subnetworks impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease.The sample in this study consisted of 123 first-degree Alzheimer’s disease relatives and 61 nonrelatives. For each subject, structural connectomes were obtained using classical diffusion tensor imaging measures and different resolutions of cortical parcellation. For the whole sample, independent structural-connectome-traits were obtained under the framework of connICA. Finally, we tested the association of the structural-connectome-traits with different factors of relevance for Alzheimer’s disease by means of a multiple linear regression.The analysis revealed a structural-connectome-trait obtained from fractional anisotropy associated with the family history of Alzheimer’s disease. The structural-connectome-trait presents a reduced fractional anisotropy pattern in first-degree relatives in the tracts connecting posterior areas and temporal areas.The family history of Alzheimer’s disease structural-connectome-trait presents a posterior–posterior and posterior–temporal pattern, supplying new evidences to the cascading network failure model.
The Role of Idiothetic Signals, Landmarks, and Conjunctive Representations in the Development of Place and Head-Direction Cells: A Self-Organizing Neural Network Model
Authors: St. Clere Smithe Toby , Stringer Simon M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlace and head-direction (HD) cells are fundamental to maintaining accurate representations of location and heading in the mammalian brain across sensory conditions, and are thought to underlie path integration—the ability to maintain an accurate representation of location and heading during motion in the dark. Substantial evidence suggests that both populations of spatial cells function as attractor networks, but their developmental mechanisms are poorly understood. We present simulations of a fully self-organizing attractor network model of this process using well-established neural mechanisms. We show that the differential development of the two cell types can be explained by their different idiothetic inputs, even given identical visual signals: HD cells develop when the population receives angular head velocity input, whereas place cells develop when the idiothetic input encodes planar velocity. Our model explains the functional importance of conjunctive “state-action” cells, implying that signal propagation delays and a competitive learning mechanism are crucial for successful development. Consequently, we explain how insufficiently rich environments result in pathology: place cell development requires proximal landmarks; conversely, HD cells require distal landmarks. Finally, our results suggest that both networks are instantiations of general mechanisms, and we describe their implications for the neurobiology of spatial processing.
The Impact of Di-Isononyl Phthalate Exposure on Specialized Epithelial Cells in the Colon
Authors: Chiu Karen , Bashir Shah Tauseef , Chiu Justin , Nowak Romana A , Flaws Jodi A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) is a high-molecular-weight phthalate commonly used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride and other end products, such as medical devices and construction materials. Most of our initial exposure to DiNP occurs by ingestion of DiNP-contaminated foods. However, little is known about the effects of DiNP on the colon. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that DiNP exposure alters immune responses and impacts specialized epithelial cells in the colon. To test this hypothesis, adult female mice were orally dosed with corn-oil vehicle control or doses of DiNP ranging from 20 µg/kg/d to 200 mg/kg/d for 10–14 days. After the dosing period, mice were euthanized in diestrus, and colon tissues and sera were collected for histological, genomic, and proteomic analysis of various immune factors and specialized epithelial cells. Subacute exposure to DiNP significantly increased protein levels of Ki67 and MUC2, expression of a Paneth cell marker (Lyz1), and estradiol levels in sera compared with control. Gene expression of mucins (Muc1, Muc2, Muc3a, and Muc4), Toll-like receptors (Tlr4 and Tlr5), and specialized epithelial cells (ChgA, Lgr5, Cd24a, and Vil1) were not significantly different between treatment groups and control. Cytokine levels of IL-1RA and CXCL12 were also not significantly different between DiNP treatment groups and control. These data reveal that DiNP exposure increases circulating estradiol levels and gene expression in specialized epithelial cells with immune response capabilities (eg, goblet and Paneth cells) in the mouse colon, which may initiate immune responses to prevent further damage in the colon.
Integrated optimization of multiproduct multiperiod transportation and inventory under a carbon cap constraint for online retailers
Authors: Cheng Yaorong , Li Yijun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aims to solve the problem of multiproduct multiperiod integrated transportation and inventory optimization for online retailers. A carbon cap constraint and multitype of capacitated trucks are simultaneously incorporated into the proposed mixed-integer program. A simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is designed. CPLEX 12.9.0 is used to solve the submodel obtained from the neighbourhood search and is also used to get the optimal solutions for instances. Experimental results show that the simulated annealing algorithm can find satisfactory solutions within a reasonable time. When the problem size increases, the growth of the computational time of the SA algorithm is significantly smaller than that of the CPLEX. A sensitivity analysis for the carbon cap is also conducted. The results indicate that if the carbon cap is gradually tightened, the total cost increases first with a gentle slope, and then with a remarkable slope, same as for the total number of trucks used; the total carbon emissions first decrease with a gentle slope, and then decline with a significant slope. When the carbon cap is strict, only a few different types of trucks will be considered. The percentage changes of the total cost increase and the total carbon emission reduction are also compared. When the allowed carbon emissions are gradually reduced, situation of a higher amount of carbon emission reduction and a lower amount of cost increase can be achieved. Additionally, using multiple types of trucks in the integrated optimization of transportation and inventory decisions can achieve greater cost savings with lower increments of carbon emission.
Diversity and transmission of Aleutian mink disease virus in feral and farmed American mink and native mustelids
Authors: Virtanen Jenni , Zalewski Andrzej , Kołodziej-Sobocińska Marta , Brzeziński Marcin , Smura Teemu , Sironen Tarja 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), which causes Aleutian disease, is widely spread both in farmed mink and wild mustelids. However, only limited data are available on the role of wild animals in AMDV transmission and spread. Our aim was to shed light on AMDV transmission among wild mustelids and estimate the effect of intense farming practices on the virus circulation by studying AMDV prevalence and genetic diversity among wild mustelids in Poland. We compared AMDV seroprevalence and proportion of PCR-positive individuals in American mink, polecats, otters, stone martens, and pine martens and used the phylogenetic analysis of the NS1 region to study transmission. In addition, we used a metagenomic approach to sequence complete AMDV genomes from tissue samples. In eastern Poland, AMDV seroprevalence in wild mustelids varied from 22 per cent in otters to 62 per cent and 64 per cent in stone martens and feral mink, respectively. All studied antibody-positive mink were also PCR positive, whereas only 10, 15, and 18 per cent of antibody-positive polecats, pine martens, and stone martens, respectively, were PCR positive, suggesting lower virus persistence among these animal species as compared to feral mink. In phylogenetic analysis, most sequences from feral mink formed region-specific clusters that have most likely emerged through multiple introductions of AMDV to feral mink population over decades. However, virus spread between regions was also observed. Virus sequences derived from farmed and wild animals formed separate subclusters in the phylogenetic tree, and no signs of recent virus transmission between farmed and wild animals were observed despite the frequent inflow of farmed mink escapees to wild populations. These results provide new information about the role of different mustelid species in AMDV transmission and about virus circulation among the wild mustelids. In addition, we pinpoint gaps of knowledge, where more studies are needed to achieve a comprehensive picture of AMDV transmission.
Effectiveness of the WHO-authorized Covid-19 Vaccines: a Rapid Review of Global Reports till June 30, 2021
Authors: Cheng Chang-Jie , Lu Chun-Yi , Chang Ya-Hui , Sun Yu , Chu Hai-Jui , Lee Chun-Yu , Liu Chang-Hsiu , Lin Cheng-Huai , Lu Chien-Jung , Li Chung-Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveLarge clinical trials have proved the efficacy of Covid-19 vaccine, and the number of literature about the effectiveness is rapidly growing in the first half of year after mass vaccination was administrated globally. This rapid review aims to provide evidence syntheses as a means to complement the current evidence on the vaccine effectiveness (VE) against various outcomes in real-world settings.MethodsThis review is conducted based on the updated guideline of PRISMA 2020. Databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and MedRxiv) were searched up to 30 June 2021, (PROSPERO ID: 266866). The studies that assessed the VE of the 6 WHO-authorized vaccines (BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273, BBIBP-CorV, and CoronaVac) were eligible to be included. Quality assessment was performed based on ROBINS-I by 2 independent reviewers.FindingsA total of 39 studies were included, covering over 15 million of participants from 11 nations. Among the general population after 2 doses of vaccination, the VE against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was estimated at 89%–97%, 92% (95% CI, 78%–97%) and 94% (95% CI, 86%–97%) for BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 and mRNA-1273, respectively. As for the protective effects against B.1.617.2 related symptomatic infection, the VE was 88% (95% CI, 85.3%–90.1%) by BNT162b2 and 67.0% (95% CI, 61.3%–71.8%) by ChAdOx1 after fully vaccination.ConclusionThis review revealed a consistently high effectiveness of vaccines among the general population in real-world settings. Further studies are needed to provide the information on different races/ethnicity, the effects against SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the duration of protection with longer study time.
What medical students think about measurement of their wellbeing and the implications for pastoral support: cross sectional survey and qualitative interviews
Authors: Simons G , Effah R , Baldwin DS 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo find out how, why and when medical students think wellbeing should be measured.DesignA mixed methods study comprising a cross-sectional online survey (November 2020-March 2021) and semi-structured on-line interviews. Views on the frequency of availability for measurement, the format, type and purpose of measurement, and with whom wellbeing should be discussed were measured. When an outcome was scored 7-9 on a 9-point Likert scale of agreement by ≥75% of participants it was considered critical, in line with COMET and GRADE processes for rating recommendations. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken on the interview transcripts by two independent researchers.SettingAll Medicine programmes at University of Southampton.ParticipantsMedical students from all years took part in the survey (n=118) and interviews (n=16).ResultsParticipant demographics were similar to national medical student demographics. Most participants (94%) felt able to give 5 minutes to measure their wellbeing at least once a month. No single format of measurement was rated critical. Research, governance and individual feedback all reached the 75% threshold for the purpose being considered critically important. Only subjective assessments undertaken by the individual in real-time were rated as critically important (78.1%) measurement tools. Students selected that they would discuss their wellbeing with other medical students (n=87) nearly as often as they selected a member of the Faculty (n=104). Top determinants of wellbeing picked by medical students were energy, ability to do activities of daily living, and negative feelings. Five interview themes further explained these findings.ConclusionsFive recommendations about self-care teaching, quality-assured pastoral and peer support, proactive wellbeing check-ins and demographic data are discussed in light of these findings. Methods to achieve them are suggested, which are medical student-centred, and which make use of existing resources.Strengths and limitations of this studyThis study provides new information on how, why and when medical students think their wellbeing should be measured.A mixed methods approach allowed the reasons behind the survey answers to be captured in ensuing interviews.Using the ≥75% a prior cut off for critical importance from COMET and GRADE allowed evidence-based recommendations for wellbeing measurement for medical students.It was not possible to recruit the number of students needed to make national inferences, although participant demographics were similar to national medical student demographics.A national cross-sectional survey would provide further evidence for medical schools in devising wellbeing provisions.
JAK2V617F mutant megakaryocytes contribute to hematopoietic aging in a murine model of myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Lee Sandy , Wong Helen , Castiglione Melissa , Murphy Malea , Kaushansky Kenneth , Zhan Huichun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMegakaryocytes (MKs) is an important component of the hematopoietic niche. Abnormal MK hyperplasia is a hallmark feature of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The JAK2V617F mutation is present in hematopoietic cells in a majority of patients with MPNs. Using a murine model of MPN in which the human JAK2V617F gene is expressed specifically in the MK lineage, we show that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs promote hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, manifesting as myeloid-skewed hematopoiesis with an expansion of CD41+HSCs, a reduced engraftment and self-renewal capacity, and a reduced differentiation capacity. HSCs from 2yr old mice with JAK2V617F-bearing MKs were more proliferative and less quiescent than HSCs from age-matched control mice. Examination of the marrow hematopoietic niche reveals that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs not only have decreased direct interactions with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells during aging, but also suppress the vascular niche function during aging. Unbiased RNA expression profiling reveals that HSC aging has a profound effect on MK transcriptomic profiles, while targeted cytokine array shows that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs can alter the hematopoietic niche through increased levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic factors. Therefore, as a hematopoietic niche cell, MKs represent an important connection between the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms for HSC aging.Significance StatementThe relative contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms to HSC aging remains debated. We find that JAK2V617F mutant MKs can accelerate hematopoietic aging both directly (via decreased MK-HSC interaction) and indirectly (via suppressing vascular niche function). We also show that HSC aging has a profound effect on MK function. Our data suggest that, as a hematopoietic niche cell, MKs represent an important connection between HSC-intrinsic and HSC-extrinsic aging mechanisms.
A murine model with JAK2V617F expression in both hematopoietic cells and vascular endothelial cells recapitulates the key features of human myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Zhang Haotian , Yeware Amar , Lee Sandy , Zhan Huichun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by an expansion of the neoplastic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The acquired kinase mutation JAK2V617F is present in hematopoietic cells in a majority of patients with MPNs. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) carrying the JAK2V617F mutation can also be detected in patients with MPNs. In this study, we show that a murine model with both JAK2V617F-bearing hematopoietic cells and JAK2V617F-bearing vascular ECs recapitulated all the key features of the human MPN disease, which include disease transformation from essential thrombocythemia to myelofibrosis, extramedullary splenic hematopoiesis, and spontaneous cardiovascular complications. During aging and MPN disease progression, there was a loss of both HSPC number and HSPC function in the marrow while the neoplastic hematopoiesis was relatively maintained in the spleen, mimicking the advanced phases of human MPN disease. Different vascular niche of the marrow and spleen could contribute to the different JAK2V617F mutant stem cell functions we have observed in this JAK2V617F-positive murine model. Compared to other MPN murine models reported so far, our studies demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in both the hematologic and cardiovascular abnormalities of MPN.Key PointsA murine model in which JAK2V617F is expressed in both hematopoietic cells and ECs recapitulated the key features of the human MPN diseaseDifferent vascular niche of the marrow and spleen could contribute to different JAK2V617F HSC functions during MPN disease progression