bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Characterization of Peptidyl-Prolyl&nbsp;Cis-Trans&nbsp;Isomerases in Penicillium and Their Regulation By Salt Stress in a Halotolerant P. Oxalicum
Authors: Singh Mangaljeet , Kaur Kirandeep , Sharma Avinash , Kaur Rajvir , Joshi Dimple , Chatterji Megha , Dandapath Iman , Kaur Amarjeet , Singh Prabhjeet 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) are the only class of enzymes capable of cis-trans isomerization of the prolyl peptide bond. The PPIases, comprising of different families viz., cyclophilins, FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), parvulins and protein phosphatase 2A phosphatase activators (PTPAs), play essential roles in different cellular processes. Though PPIase gene families have been characterized in different organisms, information regarding these proteins lacks in Penicillium species, which are commercially an important fungi group. In this study, we carried out genome-wide analysis of PPIases in different Penicillium spp. and investigated their regulation by salt stress in a halotolerant strain of Penicillium oxalicum. These analyses revealed that the number of genes encoding cyclophilins, FKBPs, parvulins and PTPAs in Penicillium spp. varies between 7-11, 2-5, 1-2, and 1-2, respectively. The halotolerant P. oxalicum depicted significant enhancement in the mycelial PPIase activity in the presence of 15% NaCl, thus, highlighting the role of these enzymes in salt stress adaptation. The PPIase activity in P. oxalicum was associated with the expression of PoxCYP18, PoxCYP23, PoxCYP41, PoxFKBP12-2, and PoxFKBP52 genes. Characterization of PPIases in Penicillium spp. will provide an important database for understanding their cellular functions and might facilitate their applications in industrial processes through biotechnological interventions.
Optimizing Water and Nitrogen Application System to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency and Ensure Sustainable Yield of Summer Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Han Xiangfei , Dong Lina , Liu Peng , Dong Shuting , Zhang Jiwang , Zhao Bin , Ren Baizhao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Exploring the optimal method of water and fertilizer application and N application rate for summer maize is important for achieving the high water and N efficiency in the North China Plain. We tested that the hypothesis that optimizing water and nitrogen application system could improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency and water productivity, and ensure sustainable yield of summer maize. The results showed that: the 216 kg N ha-1 of drip irrigation (DI) and micro-sprinkling irrigation (SI) could obtain the high grain yield compared with 270 kg N ha-1 of flooding irrigation (FI), which was achieved by maintaining a high 1000-grain weight and kernel number. However, the grain yield of 162 kg N ha-1 would be decreased significantly. Irrigation methods and N application rates had significant effects on the ammonia volatilization rate and ammonia volatilization accumulation of soil, N harvest index (NHI), N partial productivity and water productivity. Compared with FI, DI and SI could reduce the ammonia volatilization rate through applying little fertilizer-N by times, and reduce the ammonia volatilization accumulation of 19.5%-54.9%. In addition, under the same irrigation method, the NHI reached the maximum when the N application rate was 216 kg ha−1. Considering comprehensively, under the condition of this experiment, 216 kg N ha−1 is the best N application rate under DI or SI for maize.
Metallic Cavity Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector for Filter-Free SF6 Gas Imaging
Authors: Nie Xiaofei , Yin Yizhe , Zhen Honglou , Zhou Xiaohao , Chen Pingping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Generally, for gas imaging, narrowing the response of the camera sensor around the target gas’s absorption band would increase the imaging contrast. In this paper, A filter-free narrowband metallic cavity quantum well infrared photodetector is proposed. The metallic cavity is formed by Ti/Au film coating on the detector’s mesa. The geometry of the cavity is properly designed to sustain cavity mode resonating at 10.6 μm. With strong resonance, the absorption efficiency of the embedded quantum well active layer maintains high level (~74%) even with a fairly low doping concentration (~1×1017cm-3). And the bandwidth is as narrow as 0.22 μm. A waveguide model is presented and used to analyze the metal cavity quantum well infrared photodetector, and it is found that the metal film coating on the side wall played an important role in enhancing the resonance and narrowing the spectral line width.
Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Interventions for Fear of Childbirth, Anxiety and Fear in Pregnant Women
Authors: Birner Carmen , Grosse Gerlind 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Fears and anxieties during pregnancy and childbirth are a frequent phenomenon and can have negative consequences on wellbeing, psychological health and birth outcomes. Therefore, it is important to focus on the interventions to reduce those fears and anxieties during pregnancy and childbirth. A systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature on psychological interventions to reduce anxieties and fears during pregnancy and childbirth. Scopus and PubMed were searched from 2015 up until December 2020 for relevant studies. Included were pregnant women, with no restriction on age ranges or parity. Entered in the review were quantitative studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials as well as treatment evaluations. After reviewing titles, abstracts and studies, 72 studies were included in this review as they met the inclusion criteria. Standard methodological procedures for systematic reviews were used. The quality assessment of included articles was done by using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (EPHPP). Results: The main results of this review concern the fear and anxiety reducing effects of psychoeducation, relaxation techniques, guided imagery, supportive care through a midwife, group discussion, “lifestyle based education”, writing therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy groups and stress intervention, individual structured psychotherapy, communication skills training, counseling approaches (except distraction techniques), a motivational interviewing psychotherapy, emotional freedom techniques, breathing awareness and different hypnotherapeutic techniques on different fears and anxieties during pregnancy and childbirth. For mindfulness-based interventions mixed results are found. The effect of an acceptance and commitment therapy, biofeedback interventions, a mind body intervention, mental health training courses, the group intervention Nyytti® as well as cognitive analytic therapy is unclear, due to weak ratings. Antenatal class attendance reduced delivery fear significantly only in first time mothers. An internet-based problem-solving treatment did not reduce anxiety during pregnancy. Conclusion: A broad range of interventions show positive effects on fear of childbirth and fear and anxiety in pregnancy. Further research should address other acknowledged psychotherapeutic practices, like psycho-dynamic as well as systemic interventions, as they are underrepresented within this review. Furthermore , there is a need for manualized therapeutic interventions, with regards to a combination of effective intervention components.
Collagen and Elastic Fibres in Acute and Chronic Liver Injury.
Authors: Hall Andrew , Cotoi Corina , Luong Tu Vinh , Watkins Jennifer , Bhathal Prithi , Quaglia Alberto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The histological distinction between acute and chronic liver injury is a challenging aspect of liver histopathology. It is traditionally based on the interpretation of morphological changes to the extracellular matrix (ECM) at sites of hepatocyte loss using histochemical stains.
Our aim was to investigate whether immunohistochemistry and multiplexing for collagen type (I & III) and elastic fibres and a modified Victoria blue method could be helpful.
We studied 43 livers removed at transplantation for acute liver failure (ALF, 20 cases) or cirrhosis (23) plus 8 normal controls. In ALF the periportal ECM was normal in 2 cases, contained collagen I associated with a ductular reaction in 6 cases, and delicate elastic strands in 11 cases. Periportal deposition of collagen I and mature elastic fibres was observed in cirrhosis. In ALF the perisinusoidal ECM was intact in 4 cases, collapsed or condensed but of normal composition (collagen III) in 2 cases, and collapsed and condensed containing collagen I in 17 cases (7 including delicate immature elastic strands). In contrast, bridging fibrous septa of cirrhosis contained abundant collagen 1 and bundles of mature elastin.
We propose the use of a scale and the use of immunohistochemistry and multiplexing in additional to histochemical stains to characterise the ECM changes in acute and chronic liver injury.
Classification and Review of Health Financing Frameworks: What do they Focus on to Assess and Improve the Situation?
Authors: Sakha Minoo Alipouri , Bazyar. Mohammad , Rashidian Arash 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective Health financing assessment is of growing interest to policy makers to develop reform strategies towards achieving universal health coverage. Different frameworks for assessing of health financing systems have been developed. The purpose of this study is to review the current frameworks for understanding and assessing health financing and draw out the dimensions of conceptual frameworks and how different concepts are used in relation to the concept of health financing assessment. Lessons learned from different frameworks would guide the future use and formulation of such frameworks. Methods We carried out a systematic search strategy, using the PubMed database to find peer reviewed published literature. A search using generic search engines (Google Scholar and the Google) was also performed through a less structured search to find additional documents and reports published. To increase the comprehensiveness of search, Websites of World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank were also searched. We included any type of report or peer reviewed journal article that reported frameworks to assess, review and map financing functions and sub-functions and highlight different factors that affect it. Results Fifteen frameworks/tools developed during 2001 until 2020 were found. We classified frameworks by grouping them into systems approach- analytical frameworks, indicator-based, and descriptive/ narrative categories. These frameworks vary in the concepts, functions and processes, dimensions, strategies and meet various international or country-specific challenges. Conclusion The process of framework development for health financing review is becoming more comprehensive with pushing universal health coverage to the international agenda. Despite being diverse, various health financing frameworks/ tools offer synergistic views to the health financing system and provide a comprehensive picture of the health financing system. While some frameworks covered the majority of the elements, not any of the frameworks on its own covered all the elements. Health financing review is a laborious endeavor, which usually needs diverse data and an expert team. It is sometimes infeasible to access ready and user-friendly information; therefore, it is important to apply them with some flexibility.
Development and characterization of Novel EST-based single-copy genic microsatellite DNA markers in white spruce and black spruce
Authors: Rajora Om , Mann Ishminder K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Due mainly to large genome size and prevalence of repetitive sequences in the nuclear genome of spruce ( Picea ), it is very difficult to develop single-copy genomic microsatellite markers. We have developed and characterized 25 polymorphic, single-copy genic microsatellites from white spruce ( Picea glauca ) EST sequences and determined their informativeness in white spruce and black spruce ( Picea mariana ) and inheritance in black spruce.

Methods and Results

White spruce EST sequences from NCBI dbEST were searched for the presence of microsatellite repeats. Forty-seven sequences containing dinucleotide, trinucleotide, tetranucleotide and compound repeats were selected to develop primers. Twenty-five of the designed primer pairs yielded scorable amplicons, with single-locus patterns, and were characterized in 20 individuals each of white spruce and black spruce. All 25 microsatellites were polymorphic in white spruce and 24 in black spruce. The number of alleles at a locus ranged from 2 to 18, with a mean of 8.8 in white spruce, and from 1 to 17, with a mean of 7.6 in black spruce. The expected heterozygosity/polymorphic information content ranged from 0.10 to 0.92, with a mean of 0.67 in white spruce, and from 0 to 0.93, with a mean of 0.59 in black spruce.

Conclusions

Microsatellites with dinucleotide and compound repeats were more informative than those with trinucleotide and tetranucleotide repeats. Eighteen microsatellite markers polymorphic between the parents of a black spruce controlled cross inherited in a single-locus Mendelian fashion. The microsatellite markers developed can be applied for various genetics, genomics, breeding, and conservation studies and applications.
Dynamic predictive coding across the left fronto-temporal language hierarchy: Evidence from MEG, EEG and fMRI
Authors: Wang Lin , Schoot Lotte , Brothers Trevor , Alexander Edward , Warnke Lena , Kim Minjae , Khan Sheraz , Hämäläinen Matti , Kuperberg Gina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Predictive coding has been proposed as a unifying theory of brain function. However, few studies have examined this theory during complex cognitive processing across multiple time-scales and levels of abstraction. We used MEG, EEG and fMRI to ask whether dynamic, hierarchical predictive coding can account for the timecourse of evoked activity at multiple cortical levels during language comprehension. Unexpected words produced increased activity in left temporal cortex (lower-level prediction error). Critically, violations of high-precision event predictions produced additional activity within left inferior frontal cortex (higher-level prediction error). Furthermore, the successful resolution of higher-level prediction error led to later feedback to temporal cortex (top-down sharpening), while a failure to resolve these errors led to sustained activity at still lower levels (reanalysis). These findings suggest that fundamental principles of dynamic hierarchical predictive coding –– suppression of prediction error, precision-weighting, delayed top-down sharpening –– can explain the dynamics of neural activity during human language comprehension.
A Characterization of Laser Cleaning Painting Layer From Steel Surface Based on Thermodynamic Model
Authors: lu yao , ding ye , wang maolu , yang lijun , wang yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, the environmentally friendly nanosecond ultraviolet (UV) laser is innovatively employed laser cleaning to remove the painting layer from the AH36 steel substrate. The feasibility of UV laser cleaning the painting layer is innovatively proposed and it has been calculated by the model theoretically, followed by elaborating the prominent interaction mechanism of UV laser exactly. The initial cleaning threshold and completely cleaning threshold are 2 J/cm2 and 5 J/cm2, respectively. Afterwards, the UV laser cleaned surface quality is evaluated by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscopy (OM) and optical profiler (OP), respectively. The mechanical properties have enhanced dramatically after laser cleaning and characterized by the Vickers hardness tester and universal testing machine. By varying laser fluences (2, 5, 7 J/cm2) during laser cleaning, microstructures registering various sizes of corrugated shaped, craters and ring-shaped could be acquired. In addition, the mechanical properties analysis including rapid melting, quenching and dislocation density effects illustrates that laser cleaning could effectively increase surface microhardness, tensile strength and bending strength. Thus, laser cleaning method has emerged as a favourable means to strip painting layer in lieu of traditional methods for marine industry as well as this study could promote the development of laser cleaning in the field of marine engineering.
Differential methylation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling genes in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Byun Seyoun , Affolter Kajsa E. , Snow Angela K. , Curtin Karen , Cannon Austin R. , Cannon-Albright Lisa A. , Thota Ramya , Neklason Deborah W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the small intestine undergo large chromosomal and methylation changes. The objective of this study was to identify methylation differences in NETs and consider how the differentially methylated genes may impact patient survival. Whole genome methylation and chromosomal copy number varation (CNV) of NETs from the small intestine and appendix was measured Tumors were divided into three molecular subtypes according to CNV results: chromosome 18 loss (18LOH), MultiCNV, and NoCNV. Comparison of 18LOH tumors with MultiCNV and NoCNV tumors identified 901 differentially methylated genes which are over represented with sevenG-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways and the gene encoding somatostatin (SST), a clinical target for NETs. Patient survival based on low versus high methylation in all samples identified four significant genes (p-<0.05) OR2S2, SMILR, RNU6-653P and AC010543.1. Within the 18LOH molecular subtype tumors, survival differences were identifiedin high versus low methylation of 24 genes. The most significant is TRHR (p < 0.01), a GPCR with multiple FDA-approved drugs. By separating NETs into different molecular subtypes based on chromosomal changes, we find that multiple GPCRs and their ligands appear to be regulated through methylation and correlated with survival. Opportunities for better treatment strategies based on molecular features exist for NETs.
Psychological and Physical Risk Factors for Pressure Pain Hypersensitivity of the Upper Trapezius in Food Service Workers With Nonspecific Neck/shoulder Myofascial Pain
Authors: Hwang Ui-jae , Kwon Oh-yun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives: It is unclear which factors increase the risk of developing pressure pain hypersensitivity, a type of neurophysiological hyperexcitability. The present study investigated the relative contributions of physical and psychological factors to pressure pain hypersensitivity of the upper trapezius for each sex.Methods: In total, 154 individuals with neck/shoulder myofascial pain participated, among 372 food service workers. Participants completed a questionnaire (age, sex, Beck Depression Inventory, and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale) and then were photographed to measure posture. Pressure pain sensitivity, two range of motions (cervical lateral-bending and rotation), and four muscle strengths (serratus anterior, lower trapezius, biceps, and glenohumeral external rotator) were measured by a pressure algometer, iPhone application, and handheld dynamometer. For each sex, forward multivariate logistic regression was used to test our a priori hypothesis among selected variables that a combination of psychosocial and physical factors contributed to the risk for pressure pain hypersensitivity.Results: In multivariate analyses, lower trapezius strength (odds ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval = 0.91–0.97, p = 0.001) was the only significant risk factor for pressure pain hypersensitivity in men. Dominant painful ipsilateral cervical rotation range of motion (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval = 0.92–0.99, p = 0.037) was the only risk factor for pressure pain hypersensitivity in women.Discussion: Lower trapezius strength and dominant painful ipsilateral cervical rotation range of motion could serve as guidelines for preventing and managing pressure pain hypersensitivity of the upper trapezius in food service workers with nonspecific neck/shoulder myofascial pain.Trial registration: Research Information Service (CRIS) under the code KCT0002810 (granted on 20/04/2018) and the registration timing was retrospective.
An adapted neural-fuzzy inference system model using preprocessed balance data to improve the predictive accuracy of warfarin maintenance dosing in patients after heart valve replacement
Authors: Gu Zhi-Chun , Huang Shou-Rui , Li Dong , Zhou Qin , Wang Jing , Fu Bo , Chen Jin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Tailoring warfarin use poses a challenge for physicians and pharmacists due to its narrow therapeutic window and huge inter-individual variability. This study aimed to create an adapted neural-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model using preprocessed balance data to improve the predictive accuracy of warfarin maintenance dosing in Chinese patients undergoing heart valve replacement (HVR).
Methods
This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent HVR between June 1, 2012 and June 1, 2016 from 35 centers in China. The primary outcomes were the mean difference between predicted warfarin dose by ANFIS models and actual dose, and the models’ predictive accuracy, including the ideal predicted percentage, the mean absolute error (MAE), and the mean squared error (MSE). The eligible cases were divided into training, internal validation, and external validation groups. We explored input variables by univariate analysis of a general liner model and created two ANFIS models using imbalanced and balanced training sets. We finally compared the primary outcomes between the imbalanced and balanced ANFIS models in both internal and external validation sets. Stratified analyses were conducted across warfarin doses (low, medium, and high doses).
Results
A total of 15,108 patients were included and grouped as follows: 12,086 in the imbalanced training set; 2,820 in the balanced training set; 1,511 in the internal validation set; and 1,511 in the external validation set. Eight variables were explored as predictors related to warfarin maintenance doses, and imbalanced and balanced ANFIS models with multi-fuzzy rules were developed. The results showed a low mean difference between predicted and actual doses (< 0.3 mg/d for each model) and an accurate prediction property in both the imbalanced model (ideal prediction percentage: 74.39–78.16%, MAE: 0.37 mg/daily, MSE: 0.39 mg/daily) and the balanced model (ideal prediction percentage: 73.46–75.31%, MAE: 0.42 mg/daily; MSE, 0.43 mg/daily). Compared to the imbalanced model, the balanced model had a significantly higher prediction accuracy in the low-dose (14.46% vs. 3.01%; P < 0.001) and the high-dose warfarin groups (34.71% vs. 23.14%; P = 0.047). The results from the external validation cohort confirmed this finding.
Conclusions
The ANFIS model can accurately predict the warfarin maintenance dose in patients after HVR. Through data preprocessing, the balanced model contributed to improved prediction ability in the low- and high-dose warfarin groups.