bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Garlic Rotation and Organic Fertilizer Application on Bacterial Community Structure in Rhizosphere Soil of Continuous Cropping Tomato
Authors: Zhao Yanyan , Yin Guangjing , Song Zuomin , Chen Baoye , Li Qiangfeng 
Published: February 2021

16S/18S/ITS's amplicon and metagenome sequencing had been used extensively to investigate the root mi- crobial community structure of crops and model plants. In this study, the rhizosphere soils of the continuous cropping (Control), garlic rotation and organic fertilizer application tomato plants were taken as the test samples, respectively, to measure the microbial community structure and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that both planting modes had significant effects on the microecology of continuous cropping tomato rhizosphere soil. After garlic rotation, the diversity (Shannon index and Simpson index) and relative abundance (Ace index and Chao1 index) of soil bacterial community decreased significantly in the early stage, but increased significantly in the later stage. These changes could be significantly alleviated by the application of organic fertilizer. During the whole growth period of tomato plants, the activities the six soil enzymes (sucrase, catalase, urease, protease, amylase and alkaline phosphatase) were all the highest in the organic fertilizer application plot, followed by the rotation plot and the continuous cropping plot. With the extension of planting time, the activities of soil protease, urease and alkaline phosphatase increased gradually, while that of sucrase decreased gradually. Catalase activity initially increased and then decreased, while amylase activity did not change significantly with time. After garlic rotation, mortality rate of tomato plants decreased significantly, and all growth indexes were significantly better than those of the control treatment. To sum up, garlic/tomato rotation can effectively improve the soil environment and alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of tomatoes in greenhouse. Moreover, rotation combining with organic fertilizer application can acquire the most obvious mitigation effect.
Formulasi Sediaan Emulgel Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam) Dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Menggunakan Metode DPPh
Authors: Rauf Jais , Isa Ishak , Thomas Nur Ain 
Published: February 2021

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) is one of the plants that has high antioxidant activity, especially in the leaves. Emulgel is one of the topical dosage which dermatologically has several beneficial properties, namely thixotropic, not oily, easy to spread, easy to clean, soft, easy to wash, long lasting, transparent and comfortable when used. The purpose of this research was to formulate moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves extract into emulgel dosage forms and determine the antioxidant activity of the dosage using DPPH method.The research began with extraction of moringa leaves and optimization of the base by varying the concentration of carbopol 940 as gelling consisting of F1 0.5%, F2 1%, F3 1.5% and F4 2%. The base that met the requirements of good physical stability was F2. The F2 base was then made into emulgel dosage with 3 concentration variations of the extract, namely F2a 4%, F2b 5% and F2c 6%. The physical stability test result of each formula met the organoleptic test,the pH test, the dispersion test, the adhesion test, the viscosity test, and the freeze-thaw test. The One way ANOVA statistical test result showed that the p value was greater than 0.05, which meant that the emulgel dosage had good physical stability. The IC50values of each antioxidant activity result were F2a (t0 = 120.464 g/mL; t28 = 144.887 g/mL), F2b (t0 = 113.642 g/mL; t28 = 128.407g/mL), F2c (t0 = 74.745 g/mL; t28 = 90.618 g/mL). The statistical results of the t-test showed thep value = 0,027, (0.05), This indicated that there were significant difference results of the antioxidant activity test between the three formulas on the first day (t0) and on the 28th day (t28).
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Tindakan Pemilihan Obat Untuk Swamedikasi
Authors: Madania Madania , Papeo Pirdawati 
Published: February 2021

One of the curative efforts often carried out by the community is self-medication. Self-medication is one of the efforts in treating symptoms of illness or illness that is being suffered by someone without consulting a doctor in advance. Self-medication in its implementation cannot be separated from the use of traditional medicine and modern medicine. This study aimed to measured the correlation between the knowledge and attitude of the people of Tontulow village, North Sulawesi, regarding the tradisional medicine and modern medicine towards their act of selecting the type of medicine for self-medication. This study was an observational study with a cross sectional design. The sampling technique was performed by cluster sampling method. The instrument of the study was using questionnaire. For normality tes used Klomogrov-Smirnov test while for the correlation test used Pearson test. The number of participants were 83 respondents. Most of the people of Tontulow village have a sufficient level of knowledge regarding the traditional medicine and modern medicine, as many as 67 respondents (80.7%) with their attitude tended to be positive towards both medicine type. There was a correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding the tradisional medicine and modern medicine towards the act of selecting medicine type (the result of Pearson test: significance value 0,05)
Niveles de 25-Hidroxivitamina D en Donadores de Sangre
Authors: Ruiz Jorge Nicolás , Delgado Hernán 
Published: February 2021

Introducción: La 1,25-dihidroxivitamina D3 es la forma activa de la vitamina D, una vitamina lipídica que ahora ya se ha determinado presenta funciones de hormona, tanto calcémicas como no calcémicas. Su producción puede ser endógena gracias a la exposición solar, representando hasta el 90% de valores plasmáticos, o exógena por ingesta en la dieta en forma de vitamina D2 (ergocalciferol).(1) Objetivos: Determinar los niveles de 25-hidroxivitamina D3 en donadores de sangre entre 20-54 años del HGSJDD, así como, evaluar asociación de niveles insuficientes o deficientes con: sexo del donador, lugar de origen, lugar de residencia, edad (años), exposición solar (horas/día), IMC (kg/m2), foto tipo (Fitzpatrick), uso de bloqueador solar (sí/no/ocasional), enfermedades concomitantes y medicamentos de uso habitual. Metodología: Medir los niveles de vitamina D en la sangre de donadores voluntarios. Resultados: La prevalencia de niveles suficientes de vitamina D fue de 33 % de los donadores. Conclusión: Únicamente existe asociación entre el foto tipo Fitzpatrick II con deficiencia o insuficiencia de vitamina D.
ANORMAL UTERİN KANAMASI OLAN OLGULARDA ULTRASONOGRAFİK BULGULAR ve HİSTOPATOLOJİK SONUÇLARI
Authors: ÖZGÜR GÜRSOY Özlem , GÜRER Hulusi Göktuğ , YILDIZ EREN Ceren 
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Anormal uterin kanama (AUK) ile başvuran kadınlarda transvajinal ultrasonografik (TvUSG ) değerlendirme, histopatolojik sonuçlarla karşılaştırılarak, tanıda TvUSG’nin yerini ortaya koymaktır.
Gereçler ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ocak 2011- Mayıs 2020 yılları arasında AUK şikayeti ile başvurmuş, 19-86 yaş arasında, endometriyal biyopsi yapılmış 633 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların TvUSG bulguları ile, histopatolojik sonuçları karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Değerlendirilen 633 hastanın yaş ortalaması 48,3±10,3(19-86), parite ortalaması 2,1±1,2 (0-9) ve vücut kitle indeksi ortalaması 25,71±3,4 (19-32) kg/m2 saptandı. Histopatolojik sonucu normal (proliferatif ve sekretuar endometrium) kabul edilen 316 (%49,9) hastada ortalama endometriyal kalınlık (EK) 8,34±2,49 mm (2-12) bulundu. 133 (%21,0) endometriyal polip vakasında ortalama EK 13,5±0,97 mm (12-20), 52(%8,21) atipisiz endometriyal hiperplazi (Asiz EH)’de ortalama EK 15,27±3,28 mm (4-22), 102 (%16,11) atipili endometriyal hiperplazinin (Ali EH) ortalama EK’ı 18,53±3,06 mm (5-23) saptandı. Tespit edilen 30(%4,73) endometriyal adenokarsinom vakasının ortalama EK 28,87±5,09 mm (24-47) ölçüldü. One way ANOVA ve Tukey post hoc analizlerine göre EK ölçümü tanı koyma ve biyopsi endikasyonları belirleme açısından istatiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p
Alfvén Wave Mode Conversion in Pulsar Magnetospheres
Authors: Yuan Yajie , Levin Yuri , Bransgrove Ashley , Philippov Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The radio emission anomaly coincident with the 2016 glitch of the Vela pulsar may be caused by a starquake that launches Alfvén waves into the magnetosphere, disturbing the original radio emitting region. To quantify the lifetime of the Alfvén waves, we investigate a possible energy loss mechanism, the conversion of Alfvén waves into fast magnetosonic waves. Using axisymmetric force-free simulations, we follow the propagation of Alfvén waves launched from the stellar surface with small amplitude into the closed zone of a force-free dipolar pulsar magnetosphere. We observe mode conversion happening in the ideal force-free regime. The conversion efficiency during the first passage of the Alfvén wave through the equator can be large, for waves that reach large amplitudes as they travel away from the star, or propagate on the field lines passing close to the Y point. However, the conversion efficiency is reduced due to dephasing on subsequent passages and considerable Alfvén power on the closed field lines remains. Thus while some leakage into the fast mode happens, we need detailed understanding of the original quenching in order to say whether mode conversion alone can lead to reactivation of the pulsar on a short timescale.
An Improved Measurement of the Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies from the SPT-SZ + SPTpol Surveys
Authors: Reichardt C. L. , Patil S. , Ade P. A. R. , Anderson A. J. , Austermann J. E. , Avva J. S. , Baxter E. , Beall J. A. , Bender A. N. , Benson B. A. , Bianchini F. , Bleem L. E. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chang C. L. , Chaubal P. , Chiang H. C. , Chou T. L. , Citron R. , Moran C. Corbett , Crawford T. M. , Crites A. T. , Haan T. de , Dobbs M. A. , Everett W. , Gallicchio J. , George E. M. , Gilbert A. , Gupta N. , Halverson N. W. , Harrington N. , Henning J. W. , Hilton G. C. , Holder G. P. , Holzapfel W. L. , Hrubes J. D. , Huang N. , Hubmayr J. , Irwin K. D. , Knox L. , Lee A. T. , Li D. , Lowitz A. , Luong-Van D. , McMahon J. J. , Mehl J. , Meyer S. S. , Millea M. , Mocanu L. M. , Mohr J. J. , Montgomery J. , Nadolski A. , Natoli T. , Nibarger J. P. , Noble G. , Novosad V. , Omori Y. , Padin S. , Pryke C. , Ruhl J. E. , Saliwanchik B. R. , Sayre J. T. , Schaffer K. K. , Shirokoff E. , Sievers C. , Smecher G. , Spieler H. G. , Staniszewski Z. , Stark A. A. , Tucker C. , Vanderlinde K. , Veach T. , Vieira J. D. , Wang G. , Whitehorn N. , Williamson R. , Wu W. L. K. , Yefremenko V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report new measurements of millimeter-wave power spectra in the angular multipole range 2000 ≤ ℓ ≤ 11,000 (angular scales

). By adding 95 and 150 GHz data from the low-noise 500 deg2 SPTpol survey to the SPT-SZ three-frequency 2540 deg2 survey, we substantially reduce the uncertainties in these bands. These power spectra include contributions from the primary cosmic microwave background, cosmic infrared background, radio galaxies, and thermal and kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effects. The data favor a thermal SZ (tSZ) power at 143 GHz of

and a kinematic SZ (kSZ) power of

. This is the first measurement of kSZ power at ≥3σ. However, different assumptions about the CIB or SZ models can reduce the significance down to 2.4σ in the worst case. We study the implications of the measured kSZ power for the epoch of reionization under the Calabrese et al. model for the kSZ power spectrum and find the duration of reionization to be

(

at 95% confidence), when combined with our previously published tSZ bispectrum measurement. The upper limit tightens to

if the assumed homogeneous kSZ power is increased by 25% (∼0.5 μK2) and relaxes to

if the homogeneous kSZ power is decreased by the same amount.
An X-Ray Spectral Study of the Origin of Reflection Features in Bare Seyfert 1 Galaxy ESO 511–G030
Authors: Ghosh Ritesh , Laha Sibasish 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The reprocessed X-ray emission from active galactic nuclei is an important diagnostic tool to study the dynamics and geometry of the matter surrounding supermassive black holes (SMBHs). We present a broadband (optical-UV to hard X-ray) spectral study of the bare Seyfert 1 galaxy, ESO 511–G030, using multi-epoch Suzaku and XMM-Newton data from 2012 and 2007, respectively. The broadband spectra of ESO 511–G030 exhibit a UV bump, a prominent soft excess below

, a relatively broad (

) Fe emission line at

, and a weak Compton hump at

. The soft X-ray excess in ESO 511–G030 can be described either as the thermal Comptonization of disk seed photons by a warm (

), optically thick (

), and compact (

) corona or as the blurred reflection from an untruncated and moderate to highly ionized accretion disk. However, for the blurred reflection, the model requires some extreme configuration of the disk and corona. Both these models prefer a rapidly spinning black hole (

) and a compact corona, indicating a relativistic origin of the broad Fe emission line. We found an inner disk temperature of

that characterizes the UV bump and the SMBH accretes at a sub-Eddington rate (

).
Inspiraling Double Compact Object Detection and Lensing Rate: Forecast for DECIGO and B-DECIGO
Authors: Piórkowska-Kurpas Aleksandra , Hou Shaoqi , Biesiada Marek , Ding Xuheng , Cao Shuo , Fan Xilong , Kawamura Seiji , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Emergence of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy revived the interest in exploring the low-frequency GW spectrum inaccessible from the ground. Satellite GW observatory DECihertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO) in its original configuration and the currently proposed smaller-scale B-DECIGO are aimed to cover the decihertz part of the GW spectrum, which fills the gap between LISA millihertz and deca- to kilohertz range probed by ground-based detectors. In this paper we forecast the detection rates of inspiraling double compact objects (DCOs) and the unresolved confusion noise from these sources in DECIGO and B-DECIGO. In the context of DECIGO we use, for the first time, the population synthesis intrinsic inspiral rates of NS–NS, BH–NS and BH–BH systems. We also estimate the expected gravitational lensing rates of such sources for DECIGO and B-DECIGO. The result is that yearly detection of resolvable DCOs inspirals for the DECIGO is of the order of 102–105, while for a much smaller-scale B-DECIGO they are about 10–105 depending on the DCO population considered. Taking into account that a considerable part of these events would be detectable by ground-based GW observatories, the significance of DECIGO/B-DECIGO could be substantial. Due to contamination by unresolved sources, both DECIGO and B-DECIGO will not be able to register lensed NS–NS or BH–NS systems, but the lensed BH–BH systems could be observed at the rate of about 50 per year in DECIGO. Smaller-scale B-DECIGO will be able to detect a few lensed BH–BH systems per year. We also address the question of the magnification bias in the GW event catalogs of DECIGO and B-DECIGO.
A Long Stream of Metal-poor Cool Gas around a Massive Starburst Galaxy at z = 2.67
Authors: Fu Hai , Xue R. , Prochaska J. X. , Stockton A. , Ponnada S. , Lau M. W. , Cooray A. , Narayanan D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the first detailed dissection of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of massive starburst galaxies at z > 2. Our target is a submillimeter galaxy (SMG) at z = 2.674 that has a star formation rate of 1200 M
⊙ yr−1 and a molecular gas reservoir of 1.3 × 1011
M
⊙. We characterize its CGM with two background QSOs at impact parameters of 93 kpc and 176 kpc. We detect strong H i and metal-line absorption near the redshift of the SMG toward both QSOs, each consisting of three main subsystems spanning over 1500 km s−1. The absorbers show remarkable kinematic and metallicity coherence across a separation of ∼86 kpc. In particular, the cool gas in the CGM of the SMG exhibits high H i column densities (

), a low metallicity ([M/H] ≈ −2.0), and nearly the same radial velocity (δ
v ∼ −300 km s−1). While the H i column densities match previous results on the massive halos hosting QSOs, the metallicity is lower by more than an order of magnitude, making it an outlier in the line width−metallicity relation of damped Lyα absorbers. The large physical extent, the velocity coherence, the high surface densities, and the low metallicity are all consistent with the cool, inflowing, and near-pristine gas streams predicted to penetrate hot massive halos at z > 1.5. We estimate a total gas accretion rate of ∼100 M
⊙ yr−1 from three such streams. At this rate, it takes only a gigayear to acquire the molecular gas reservoir of the central starburst.
Indication of a Pulsar Wind Nebula in the Hard X-Ray Emission from SN 1987A
Authors: Greco Emanuele , Miceli Marco , Orlando Salvatore , Olmi Barbara , Bocchino Fabrizio , Nagataki Shigehiro , Ono Masaomi , Dohi Akira , Peres Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Since the day of its explosion, SN 1987A (SN87A) was closely monitored with the aim to study its evolution and to detect its central compact relic. The detection of neutrinos from the supernova strongly supports the formation of a neutron star (NS). However, the constant and fruitless search for this object has led to different hypotheses on its nature. To date, the detection in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data of a feature that is somehow compatible with the emission arising from a proto-pulsar wind nebula (PWN) is the only hint of the existence of such elusive compact object. Here we tackle this 33 yr old issue by analyzing archived observations of SN87A performed by Chandra and NuSTAR in different years. We firmly detect nonthermal emission in the 10–20 kev energy band, due to synchrotron radiation. The possible physical mechanism powering such emission is twofold: diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) or emission arising from an absorbed PWN. By relating a state-of-the-art magnetohydrodynamic simulation of SN87A to the actual data, we reconstruct the absorption pattern of the PWN embedded in the remnant and surrounded by cold ejecta. We found that, even though the DSA scenario cannot be firmly excluded, the most likely scenario that well explains the data is that of PWN emission.
Patterns and Predictors of Successful Treatment Discontinuation in Retinal Vein Occlusions With Macular Edema in the Real World
Authors: Lo Therlinder , Lent-Schochet Daniella , Luu Kieu-Yen , Kuriyan Ajay E. , Weiss Menachem Y. , Rachitskaya Aleksandra V. , Singh Rishi P. , Wai Karen M. , Campbell J. Peter , Gupta Kishan , Nudleman Eric , Chen Kevin C. , Yiu Glenn 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To identify factors associated with successful treatment discontinuation in eyes with retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) and macular edema (ME) in real-world settings.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective study of 214 eyes with RVO and ME with 24-month follow-up at five academic centers. Regression analyses identified factors associated with (1) successful treatment discontinuation for at least 6 months without fluid recurrence and (2) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 24 months.

RESULTS:

Forty percent of eyes with branch RVO and 35% with central RVO (CRVO) / hemi-retinal RVO (HRVO) successfully discontinued therapy without fluid recurrence, with median time to discontinuation of 6 and 7 months, respectively. Lower 6-month central subfield thickness was associated with greater likelihood of treatment discontinuation within 24 months for eyes with CRVO/HRVO (
P
= .001), whereas better 6-month BCVA was associated with better 24-month BCVA for all RVO subtypes (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSION:
Early anatomic response at 6 months is associated with greater likelihood of stopping treatments.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:84–92.]
Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Cryptorchidism in Live Births in Brazil: A 20-Year Analysis
Authors: Bessa Dantas Diego , da Costa Dionata , Andrade Edila , Bastos Maria do Socorro , Gomes Fabiana , de Melo-Neto João Simão 
Published: February 2021

Background Cryptorchidism is a congenital disorder that causes an irregularity in the permanent or temporary descent of one or both testicles. In Brazil, there are no comprehensive studies describing the association of demographic, social, and clinical characteristics in relation to cryptorchidism. Objectives This study aims to verify possible associations of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics in patients with cryptorchidism. Design and methods An analytical, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out based on secondary data of 5,168 live births with cryptorchidism recorded in the Live Birth Information System (SINASC), Brazil from 1999 to 2018. The socio-demographic factors analyzed were the geographic region, age, education and marital status of the mothers. The clinical factors analyzed were the duration and type of pregnancy. The place of birth was also analyzed as a secondary outcome. Results This research analyzed all live births during the study period, in Brazil. The chance of cryptorchidism in the neonate is more common in women who become pregnant later (≥30 years of age) and with a higher level of education (≥8 years). The risk of cryptorchidism in relation to the federation units is higher in Paraiba, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Sao Paulo, and Santa Catarina. Regarding the clinical characteristics, the shorter pregnancies, which characterize premature births, are a risk for the appearance of cryptorchidism in the country. Conclusion Thus, in this study, we found that sociodemographic and clinical factors have specific characteristics that predict cryptorchidism in newborns in Brazil.
Development and Psychometric Properties of the General Public's Attitudes toward Advance Care Directives Scale in Portugal
Authors: Laranjeira Carlos , Dixe Maria dos Anjos , Gueifão Luís , Caetano Lina , Passadouro Rui , Gabriel Tiago , Querido Ana 
Published: February 2021

Background To date, no instrument in Portugal has evaluated the attitudes of the population about advance care directives. This paper describes the development and testing of the General Public's Attitudes Toward Advance Care Directives (GPATACD) Scale. Design and methods Methodological study. The development of the instrument was based on a literature review, updated in 2018. Face and content validity were verified by an expert panel and piloted among six participants. Data were collected in an online survey of 1024 Portuguese adults. The obtained data were analyzed using Varimax rotation, while the reliability was evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha. Results The scale achieves good Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) values, between 0.89 and 1.00, and scale-CVI values of 0.91. A principal component analysis generated four dimensions with 26 items as a final scale, with overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.848. Conclusions The findings demonstrate that the scale is valid and reliable as a vehicle for assessment of the general public's attitudes toward advance care directives.