bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of change in cortical morphometry following traumatic brain injury in adults
Authors: Mazaharally Maria , Stojanovski Sonja , Trossman Rebecca , Szulc‐Lerch Kamila , Chakravarty M Mallar , Colella Brenda , Glazer Joanna , E. Green Robin , Wheeler Anne L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProgressive cortical volumetric loss following moderate–severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been observed; however, regionally specific changes in the structural determinants of cortical volume, namely, cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (CSA), are unknown and may inform the patterns and neural substrates of neurodegeneration and plasticity following injury. We aimed to (a) assess differences in CT and CSA between TBI participants and controls in the early chronic stage post‐injury, (b) describe longitudinal changes in cortical morphometry following TBI, and (c) examine how regional changes in CT and CSA are associated. We acquired magnetic resonance images for 67 participants with TBI at up to 4 time‐points spanning 5 months to 7 years post‐injury, and 18 controls at 2 time‐points. In the early chronic stage, TBI participants displayed thinner cortices than controls, predominantly in frontal regions, but no CSA differences. Throughout the chronic period, TBI participants showed widespread CT reductions in posterior cingulate/precuneus regions and moderate CT increase in frontal regions. Additionally, CSA showed a significant decrease in the orbitofrontal cortex and circumscribed increase in posterior regions. No changes were identified in controls. Relationships between regional cortical changes in the same morphological measure revealed coordinated patterns within participants, whereas correlations between regions with CT and CSA change yielded bi‐directional relationships. This suggests that these measures may be differentially affected by neurodegenerative mechanisms such as transneuronal degeneration following TBI and that degeneration may be localized to the depths of cortical sulci. These findings emphasize the importance of dissecting morphometric contributions to cortical volume change.
Use of power analysis to determine the number of samples needed to assess water quality in lakes and flowing waters
Authors: Conine Andrea L. , Rickard Sarah E. , Onion Alene M. , Wiegert Eric J. , Smith Alexander J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Clean Water Act requires states to develop methods for assessing water quality. Assessment methods serve as decision-making procedures for including waterbodies on the Section 303(d) List of Impaired Waters. We used 17 years of ambient water quality data to explore statistical analyses for assessment methods that represent New York's waterbodies. Power analyses were performed to determine how many samples are needed to evaluate exceedances of water quality criteria using one-sample t-tests in lakes and flowing waters. Results suggest six samples for lakes and eight samples for flowing waters are needed to obtain at least 80% power, which is fewer samples than most other types of statistical assessment methodologies. This smaller number was possible because the power analysis was applied to the actual variability found in monitoring data to calculate the effect size as opposed to more conservative statistical estimates based on random data. Water quality criteria can have different analysis requirements such as single samples or means above the threshold, so we compared how many impairments would occur in the dataset if the six or eight samples were assessed as two single exceedances or a mean above the water quality criteria. Because the power analysis gives no indication of the time frame of when samples should be collected, the intra- and interannual variability of the data was assessed to determine whether sampling over a growing season in one year or sampling over multiple years is more representative of the water quality status. Results demonstrated that data collected over the growing season captured more variability in water quality data than data collected over multiple years in both waterbody types. With the prevalence of regulatory agencies having large, historical datasets rising, it would be possible for other agencies to apply these types of analyses to their assessment methodologies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1621–1628. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Use of power analysis on historical water quality datasets was a successful method for statistically determining how many samples are needed to perform regulatory assessments for impairment of lakes and flowing waters. In New York State, six samples for lakes and eight samples for flowing waters were found to be sufficient for performing regulatory assessments for impairment of waterbodies.
PARP mediated DNA damage response, genomic stability and immune responses
Authors: Zong Chunyan , Zhu Tianyu , He Jie , Huang Rui , Jia Renbing , Shen Jianfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPoly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes, especially PARP1, play important roles in the DNA damage response and in the maintenance of genome stability, which makes PARPis a classic synthetic lethal therapy for BRCA‐deficient tumors. Conventional mechanisms suggest that PARPis exert their effects via catalytic inhibition and PARP‐DNA trapping. Recently, PARP1 has been found to play a role in the immune modulation of tumors. The blockade of PARP1 is able to induce innate immunity through a series of molecular mechanisms, thus allowing the prediction of the feasibility of PARPis combined with immune agents in the treatment of tumors. PARPis combined with immunomodulators may have a stronger tumor suppressive effect on inhibiting tumor growth and blocking immune escape.
A hybrid feature fusion strategy for early fusion and majority voting for late fusion towards melanocytic skin lesion detection
Authors: Singh Lokesh , Janghel Rekh Ram , Sahu Satya Prakash 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA computer‐aided‐diagnostic system for diagnosing melanoma often uses distinct kinds of features for characterizing the lesions. Extracting distinct features from melanocytic images represents the various characteristics of pigmented lesions. Concatenating such features distinguishes extracted feature's information effectively while eliminating the redundant information amid them, which aids in discriminating the cancerous and noncancerous lesions. This article proposes a framework comprising segmentation, feature extraction, feature fusion, and classification to differentiate benign lesions from melanoma. The proposed framework is four‐fold: beginning with the extraction of ROI from an image, the SLICACO method is used for segmentation. Thereafter, ABCD rule‐based global and local features are extracted for effective melanoma detection. Further, we develop a new hybrid feature fusion strategy, PCAFA, leveraging the benefits of principal component analysis and factor analysis. The method performs early fusion by combining all extracted features within an individual feature vector and fed to a learning model for the prediction. While late fusion is performed using majority voting by combining the outputs of machine learning models. After that, gradient tree boosting, support vector machine, and decision tree models are trained to utilize distinct features of skin lesions for their classification as benign or malignant. The effectiveness of the designed framework is validated on the ISIC2017 benchmark skin lesion dataset based on specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy. The generalizability of the designed framework is gauged by conducting a fair comparison with conventional methods. Evaluated results reveal the potential of the proposed fused feature‐set in discriminating malignant and nonmalignant lesions with an accuracy of 96.8%.
Infants’ and toddlers’ digital media use and mothers’ mental health: A comparative study before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Pedrotti Bruna Gabriella , Mallmann Manoela Yustas , Almeida Carla Regina Santos , Marques Fernanda Martins , Vescovi Gabriela , Riter Helena da Silveira , Almeida Maíra Lopes , Pieta Maria Adélia Minghelli , Frizzo Giana Bitencourt 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study compared children's and mothers’ digital media use and mothers’ mental health in two samples: one accessed before (Group 1; N = 257; M = 33.18 years; SD = 4.79) and the other accessed during (Group 2; N = 256; M = 33.51 years; SD = 4.96) the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil. Mothers of children up to 3 years old (Group 1: M = 17.95 months, SD = 9.85; Group 2: M = 16.48 months, SD = 10.15) answered an online survey. Bivariate analysis, factorial ANOVA tests, and multiple linear regression were performed. Results suggest that mothers’ and children's media use duration was higher during the pandemic only among children over 12 months. Mothers’ media use duration (β = .18) and mothers’ intention to offer media (β = .23) contributed to the explanation of children's media use duration (F(4, 474) = 16.81; p < .001; R2 = .12; R2 adjusted = .117). Higher mothers’ common mental disorders symptoms were also positively correlated to mothers’ intention to offer media to children both before and during the pandemic. Results suggest that interventions focusing on infants and toddlers screen time reduction should target maternal aspects such as mental health, maternal screen time, and intention to offer media, taking into account the mothers’ needs when planning these actions.
Transitions to virtual early childhood home visitation during COVID‐19
Authors: Traube Dorian , Gozalians Sharlene , Duan Lei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 has disrupted many of the preventive service sectors designed to promote infant mental health. The purpose of this study is to examine provider and supervisor transition strategies as well as maternal‐child outcomes during the transition from in‐person to virtual early childhood home visitation services in Los Angeles County. Los Angeles County is one of the largest home visitation sectors in the U.S. and disproportionately impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Transitioning from in‐person to virtual home visitation was an important step in ensuring the continuity of infant mental health services. Home visitors reported relative ease in transitioning to virtual services themselves but noted that families encountered greater difficulty. The most helpful strategies to support this transition included training, ongoing reflective supervision, and provision of technology. Family level analysis revealed that positive screening rates for anxiety and depression decreased during the pandemic as did referrals for most support services. These findings likely highlight challenges in delivering virtual home visitation. Understanding how transitions in a key infant serving sector were managed serves an important role in forecasting for the future and preparing for future public heath emergencies.
Telehealth adaptation of perinatal mental health mother–infant group programming for the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Paul Jennifer J. , Dardar Shaleah , River Laura M. , St. John‐Larkin Celeste 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and ensuing isolation stressed pregnant and postpartum women and their families pervasively. This necessitated addressing young families’ mental health needs while protecting both patients and providers from COVID‐19 exposure. Our experience of rapidly adapting Pregnancy, Maternal Postpartum Peer Support, and Mother–Infant Postpartum Group interventions to high‐quality telehealth modalities elucidates benefits and challenges of mother–infant dyadic treatment amidst the pandemic. This study compares 2019 in‐person and 2020 telehealth services during the period from mid‐March through mid‐December in each year. Initial program Warmline contacts were similar across years despite pandemic‐related restrictions, with 2020 program contacts surpassing the 147 unique patient outreaches during the commensurate 2019 period. Pregnancy Group enrollment remained consistent. Maternal Postpartum Peer Support Group participation increased with transition to telehealth with 27 individuals with over 100 group‐based visits in 2020. Twenty‐five mother–infant Postpartum pairs initially enrolled in the 12‐week multicomponent Mother–Infant Therapy Group (M‐ITG) during 2019 in‐person services, and 16 completed the program (36% non‐completion rate). During 2020 telehealth, 15 of 18 mother–infant pairs completed the program (17% non‐completion rate); a greater than 50% reduction in non‐completion. We further compare pre‐/post‐pandemic onset M‐ITG participant demographics, enrollment, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores.
Evaluation of pediatric electives and core pediatric topics offered at United States schools and colleges of pharmacy
Authors: Chung Allison M. , Padgett Elizabeth , Eiland Lea S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionPediatric patients are an important population in every community, and providing patient‐centered care to this population relies on fundamental knowledge of pediatric care.ObjectivesTo describe the availability of pediatric electives and depth of pediatric topics taught throughout the curricula offered at Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) programs in the United States.MethodsThis was a quantitative/qualitative survey study assessment. A 21‐question survey was created, reviewed, and pilot‐tested prior to full distribution. The electronic survey was administered and distributed via email to relevant faculty at 145 identified Pharm.D. programs.ResultsThe survey achieved a 65% response rate with 69.2% of responding programs reported offering at least one pediatric elective. Pharmacy schools that responded represented all areas of the United States. The majority, 57.5% (n = 54), of responding programs employed at least one full‐time pediatric faculty member, and 14.9% (n = 2) had two pediatric faculty members.The most common topics taught in pharmacy curricula without a pediatric elective (>80%) were cystic fibrosis, asthma, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, immunizations, otitis media, and calculations. Pediatric topics that were not offered anywhere in these curriculum (>40%) were cardiology, congenital heart disease, hypersensitivity reactions, child abuse, neonatal intensive care, and health disparities in children. However, topics that were most commonly covered within a pediatric elective (>50%) consisted of cardiology, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis, growth and development, neonatal intensive care unit foundations, medication errors/safety, and calculations.The most common type of assessments utilized in the pediatric electives were exams or quizzes (n = 53). Case‐based learning was the most common teaching method.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a growth in pediatric education, the extent of pediatric topics taught throughout curricula, and an increase in pediatric faculty members in pharmacy programs. There remains a need for all programs to teach pediatric patient‐centered care and for more pediatric pharmacists leading this education in pharmacy curricula.
Characterization and evaluation of a pharmacy morbidity, mortality, and improvement case conference for drug safety optimization: An 8‐year experience
Authors: Droege Molly Elizabeth , Stacy Elizabeth Sue , Guido Maria Rose , Alhayani Taha , Keegan Shaun Patrick , Miller Angela Margaret , McKinney Kathryn Clark , Morris Patricia Ann , Parrish Nicholas John , Reinstatler Kristina Marie , Takieddine Sheila Cohara , Vora Alisha Mahesh , Warner Alexandra Rachel , Waters Geralyn Elizabeth , Mueller Eric William 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionTraditional morbidity and mortality conferences focus on clinical decision‐making rather than process improvement (PI) and patient safety. A local pharmacy morbidity, mortality, and improvement (MMI) program evolved didactic clinical case presentations into an action‐oriented, resident‐led, case‐based PI learning experience to enhance the institutional patient safety culture.ObjectivesThe purpose of this report is to describe a pharmacy‐led MMI program including the overall MMI process, characterization of drug errors evaluated, and review of drug use process optimizations.MethodsA narrative review of the MMI process was performed including retrospective characterization of errors and PIs identified from patient safety events presented between June 2013 and August 2021. Errors were classified per the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) Guidelines on Preventing Medication Errors in Hospitals and the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) Medication Error Index. PI strategies were qualitatively and quantitatively described.ResultsImplementation and evolution of MMI over 8 years resulted in consistent error classification, PI interventions across the drug use process, and numerous patient safety continuing education (CE) offerings. Ninety‐seven (80.3%) events completed all MMI components. The majority of events occurred in the emergency department/intensive care unit (42 [43%]) or medical‐surgical floor (36 [37%]). A median of two (interquartile range [IQR] 1‐3) steps in the drug use process contributed to the event. ASHP level 4 (32 [33%]) and NCC MERP category D (22 [21%]) were the most common classifications; NCC MERP error without harm (51 [53%]) had the highest incidence. A total of 163 PI initiatives were identified (median 2 [IQR 1‐2] per case) with 76 (78%) including high‐impact areas such as high‐alert drugs and transitions of care. A total of 606.5 CE hours were awarded.ConclusionThe pharmacy‐led MMI program is an effective and innovative opportunity to enhance patient safety and improve the drug use process.
Opioid prescribing and prescription monitoring program use after buprenorphine discontinuation
Authors: Varisco Tyler J. , Abughosh Susan , Chen Hua , Fleming Marc L. , Ziedonis Douglas , Wanat Matthew , Thornton Douglas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrescription opioid use is not recommended in individuals with a history of opioid use disorder. Still, patients often experience pain or craving after buprenorphine discontinuation leading to opioid use. As complete, accessible, patient level records of controlled substance use, prescription monitoring programs (PMPs) may offer a useful tool to recognize recent treatment with buprenorphine and prevent new opioid use.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of new opioid use after buprenorphine discontinuation and to measure the rate of provider and pharmacist PMP query prior to dispensing opioid analgesics to individuals with a recent history of buprenorphine treatment.MethodsA cohort of patients who initiated and discontinued a buprenorphine product between June 30, 2016 and July 4, 2018 was identified from the Texas PMP. Eligible participants were then followed for an additional 180 days to determine if they filled a prescription for an opioid medication after discontinuation. Records of PMP query were then used to measure the frequency with which prescribers and pharmacists queried the PMP prior to dispensing an opioid prescription after buprenorphine discontinuation.ResultsOf the 7081 eligible participants, 16.5% filled an opioid prescription after treatment discontinuation. Pharmacists or prescribers checked the PMP prior to prescribing or dispensing in only 116 of these 1169 instances (9.9%). Of those who filled an opioid prescription after discontinuation, 36.8% did so at a pharmacy where they previously filled a buprenorphine prescription.ConclusionsA considerable number of patients filled an opioid prescription after buprenorphine discontinuation. Despite the availability of the PMP, prescribers and pharmacists rarely use it when deciding whether to dispense an opioid prescription to an individual who recently discontinued buprenorphine. Reform focused on PMP workflow integration and usability may be a useful tool to reduce opioid use after buprenorphine discontinuation.
Osteosarcoma cells in early and late stages as cancer in vitro progression model for assessing the responsiveness of cells to silver nanoparticles
Authors: Sokołowska Paulina , Siatkowska Małgorzata , Białkowska Kamila , Rosowski Marcin , Komorowski Piotr , Walkowiak Bogdan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding of biology of osteosarcoma malignant progression is indispensable for enhancement of conventional chemotherapy by the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). We presented an in vitro model of cancer progression closely resembling processes occurring in vivo in terms of protein profile. A comparison of cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of AgNPs in Saos‐2 cells in early stages of cancerous progression (early passages) with the cells in advanced stages (late passages) demonstrated significantly reduced responsiveness of the late passage cells to nanoparticles toxicity. It was also confirmed by proteome analysis as we identified considerably higher number of differentially expressed proteins in Saos‐2 cells in early passages compared to the late passage cells. Our studies showed that the ability of AgNPs as potential drug carriers to deliver a medication and/or to evoke toxic effects might be significantly diminished in advanced stages of cancer progression.
Treatment of comatose patient from cyclobenzaprine overdose with therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Buyukgoz Cihangir , Gangu Shantaveer , Gowani Faaria , Kimura Dai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present a case of a 15‐year‐old female who was admitted in a comatose state with no spontaneous respiratory effort and absence of brainstem reflexes after cyclobenzaprine ingestion. Due to severe presentation and recent ingestion of high plasma protein binding medication with long half‐life, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed and resulted in full neurological recovery. This case explores the role of TPE as an effective treatment option for life‐threatening cyclobenzaprine overdose. TPE is generally beneficial for drugs that have a low volume of distribution and high plasma protein binding. Cyclobenzaprine is known to have a relatively high volume of distribution. However, in the case of drug intoxication with relatively high‐volume distribution, high protein binding, and long half‐life, TPE could be effective if it is conducted promptly.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell product contaminated with Salmonella due to occult salmonellosis in an asymptomatic donor
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W. , Guarente Juliana , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Tormey Christopher A. , Bar Noffar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent advancements in infectious disease testing methods and pathogen reduction technologies have greatly reduced the incidence of microbial contamination of allogeneic blood products. Despite this significant reduction, contamination of autologous cellular therapy products remains a challenging issue, as many of these mitigation strategies are not feasible for such products. Most microorganisms isolated from cellular therapy products are Gram‐positive normal skin flora, and studies have demonstrated that adverse effects are infrequent when these contaminated products are infused. However, no prior report has documented an autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) or other cellular therapy product contaminated with Salmonella bacteria—a pathogenic Gram‐negative organism. We present the first known case of Salmonella contaminating an HSC product secondary to occult salmonellosis in the donor, and discuss the implications of this contaminating organism and the therapeutic dilemma posed by this scenario.