bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metaphysics, Sophistry, and Illusion
Authors: Balaguer Mark 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This book does two things. First, it introduces a novel kind of non-factualist view, and it argues that we should endorse views of this kind in connection with a wide class of metaphysical questions, most notably, the abstract-object question and the composite-object question (more specifically, the book argues that there’s no fact of the matter whether there are any such things as abstract objects or composite objects—or material objects of any other kind). Second, the book explains how these non-factualist views fit into a general anti-metaphysical view called neo-positivism, and it explains how we could argue that neo-positivism is true. Neo-positivism is (roughly) the view that every metaphysical question decomposes into some subquestions—call them Q1, Q2, Q3, etc.—such that, for each of these subquestions, one of the following three anti-metaphysical views is true of it: non-factualism, or scientism, or metaphysically innocent modal-truth-ism. These three views can be defined (very roughly) as follows. Non-factualism about a question Q is the view that there’s no fact of the matter about the answer to Q. Scientism about Q is the view that Q is an ordinary empirical-scientific question about some contingent aspect of physical reality, and Q can’t be settled with an a priori philosophical argument. And metaphysically innocent modal-truth-ism about Q is the view that Q asks about the truth value of a modal sentence that’s metaphysically innocent in the sense that it doesn’t say anything about reality and, if it’s true, isn’t made true by reality.
Creation Myths
Authors: Earlie Paul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores a series of ‘creation myths’ in the reception of Freud’s work in France. In understanding myth as a fictive unity that conceals otherwise troubling ‘aporias’ (a term developed here in detail), Derrida’s work provides a useful lens through which to understand a number of recurrent gestures on the part of Freud’s French inheritors, from passionate devotion to forceful denials of indebtedness, from open hostility to bitter personal and professional rivalries. The resistance of Freud’s textual legacy to interpretation means that it is always accompanied by attempts to mythologize what remains irreducibly plural or undecidable in Freud’s writings, an argument tested here through readings of Claude Lévi-Strauss, Michel Foucault, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Jacques Lacan. If each of the latter seek to recuperate the singular meaning of Freud’s work for a particular concern of the present (anthropological, clinical, existentialist, or linguistic), for Derrida the legacy of psychoanalysis can never be appropriated without remainder, an impossibility which is also the paradoxical source of the rich possibilities generated by Freud’s thought.
Due Diligence in International Environmental Law
Authors: Viñuales Jorge E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyses the duty of due diligence in the field of environmental protection. It provides a fine-grained analysis of the main legal bases for the determination of due diligence in this field. It shows that the progressive recognition of this duty has evolved hand in hand with the recognition of the need to protect the environment per se, and not as a private (whether state or individual) interest that would be protected in a horizontal (tort-like) form. The chapter argues that the consolidation of due diligence thus reflects the deeper transformation of international law from a horizontal inter-state body of norms to an increasingly vertical one, where duties do not merely arise from the interests of other subjects.
Due Diligence in International Trade Law
Authors: Krajewski Markus 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter assesses and analyses elements of due diligence in existing international trade agreements. It highlights due diligence obligations in this field, such as obligations to cooperate, to negotiate in good faith, or to notify about measures which could be harmful to other countries. The chapter also discusses elements applicable to the negotiation and implementation of trade agreements, especially with regard to the requirements of human rights and sustainable development impact assessments. The chapter argues that, even though due diligence is not a term of art in international trade law, it could be seen as a cornerstone of the international trade regime.
“Walked Out on the Platinum!,” or New York, New York
Authors: Nadel Ira 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter looks at Roth’s discontent with the promotion and distribution of his first and second novels, his legal separation from the intractable Maggie, his decision to shift editors at Random House from Joe Fox to Jason Epstein after the poor reception of When She Was Good, and his constant search for success. Also covered are the growing importance to Roth of psychoanalysis and his special relationship with his therapist, who publicly discussed Roth in a 1967 article without the writer’s permission. Roth’s reaction was scathing. A new style emerged, seen in a series of short stories and excerpts from his new work with titles like “Whacking Off.” Alimony and the absence of financial security were burdens. Roth began a new relationship, with the socialite Ann Mudge, the antithesis of Maggie: refined, educated, poised, and supportive.
Portnoy: “Let It Rip”
Authors: Nadel Ira 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The publication of Portnoy’s Complaint and how it overturned Roth’s life is the focus of Chapter Five. His response to the overwhelming publicity, attention, and money led to his retreat from city life, first to Woodstock, New York, and than Cornwall Bridge, Connecticut where he bought an 18th-century home. He was suddenly a celebrity but wanted none of it. Yet the attention prevented him from getting on with new work as he turned to satire, notably Our Gang, The Breast and The Great American Novel , dealing with Nixon, Kafka and baseball. Nevertheless, Portnoy had a serious impact on American writing and behavior discussed in the chapter.
Jewish Wheaties
Authors: Nadel Ira 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Roth travels with Barbara Sproul to Asia, while maintaining his opposition to the Vietnam War; his writing turns to satire in a general effort to undermine seriousness in politics and literature Baseball, long a love of Roth’s, emerges in his lengthy burlesque novel, The Great American Novel followed by his semi-autobiographical My Life as a Man (1974), a rebuke to his first wife, Maggie. In the midst of his writing, a bitter legal encounter with Norman Mailer involving the young writer Alan Lelchuk occurs, at the same time he develops a friendship with the important Jewish writer Cynthia Ozick, who admired Roth’s rewrite of Kafka, The Breast. But he also experiences sustained criticism from Irving Howe which he never forgot. Roth unexpectedly changes publishers leaving Random House for Holt with a new editor and soon-to-be friend, Aaron Asher.
Addendum 2020 to ‘Measurement of the Earth’s rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015’
Authors: Morrison L. V. , Stephenson F. R. , Hohenkerk C. Y. , Zawilski M. 
Published: February 2021

Historical reports of solar eclipses are added to our previous dataset (Stephenson
et al.
2016
Proc. R. Soc. A
472
, 20160404 (
doi:10.1098/rspa.2016.0404
)) in order to refine our determination of centennial and longer-term changes since 720 BC in the rate of rotation of the Earth. The revised observed deceleration is −4.59 ± 0.08 × 10
−22
rad s
−2
. By comparison the predicted tidal deceleration based on the conservation of angular momentum in the Sun–Earth–Moon system is −6.39 ± 0.03 × 10
−22
rad s
−2
. These signify a mean accelerative component of +1.8 ± 0.1 × 10
−22
rad s
−2
. There is also evidence of an oscillatory variation in the rate with a period of about 14 centuries.
The role of dectin-1 signaling in altering tumor immune microenvironment in the context of aging
Authors: Bhaskaran Natarajan , Jayaraman Sangeetha , Quigley Cheriese , Mamileti Prerna , Ghannoum Mahmoud , Weinberg Aaron , Thuener Jason , Pan Quintin , Pandiyan Pushpa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn increased accumulation of immune-dysfunction-associated CD4+Foxp3+regulatory T cells (Tregs) is observed in aging oral mucosa during infection. Here we studied the function of Tregsduring oral cancer development in aging mucosa. First, we found heightened proportions of Tregsand myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) accumulating in mouse and human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues. Using the mouse 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4-NQO) oral carcinogenesis model, we found that tongues of aged mice displayed increased propensity for epithelial cell dysplasia, hyperplasia, and accelerated OSCC development, which coincided with significantly increased abundance of IL-1β, Tregs, and MDSC in tongues. Partial depletion of Tregsreduced tumor burden. Moreover, fungal abundance and dectin-1 signaling were elevated in aged mice suggesting a potential role for dectin-1 in modulating immune environment and tumor development. Confirming this tenet, dectin-1 deficient mice showed diminished IL-1β, reduced infiltration of Tregsand MDSC in the tongues, as well as slower progression and reduced severity of tumor burden. Taken together, these data identify an important role of dectin-1 signaling in establishing the intra-tumoral immunosuppressive milieu and promoting OSCC tumorigenesis in the context of aging.
Metagenomes from the Loxahatchee wildlife refuge in the Florida Everglades
Authors: Alvarez David A , Cadavid Nikolya A , Childs Cale A , Cupelli Matthew F , De Leao Victoria A , Diaz Alyssa M , Eldridge Sophie A , Elhabashy Yasmin B , Fleming Allison E , Fox Nathan A , Franco Marianna , Gaspari James C , Gerstin Isabella M , Gibson Kimberlee A , Huott Alyssa L , Johnson Alex O , Majhess Ellie G , Mantilla Gabriela , Perez Gabriella S , Prieto Juliet J , Reutter Bridget C , Rivera Elena I , Rootes Thomas R , Sellers Jade , Streibig Allison M , Wilkinson Joseph S , Zayas-Bazan Siona , Bhadha Jehangir H. , Clum Alicia , Daum Christopher , Glavina del Rio Tijana , Lail Kathleen , Roux Simon , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A. , Benskin Jonathan B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Florida Everglades ecosystem represents a significant wetlands area and serves as a terrestrial carbon reservoir mediated in large part by microorganisms. Shotgun metagenome sequencing provides a snapshot of microbial diversity and the frequency of metabolic and functional gene content. Here, we present an analysis of 20 sediment samples collected from the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge to characterize the taxonomic and functional potential of the microbial and viral communities, and reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes. A total of 122 medium-quality and 6 high-quality MAGs are reported, three of which likely represent a novel species within the class Dehalococcoidia.The most abundant phyla of bacteria and archaea were Proteobacteria and Euryarchaeota, respectively. Caudovirales was the most abundant viral order. Significant differences in taxonomic composition and diversity were observed among collection sites. Additionally, water samples were analyzed for pH, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, elements (P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ca, S), chloride, electric conductivity, orthophosphate, nitrate, and ammonia, while the sediment samples were analyzed for carbon, nitrogen, and pH. Differences in measured aquatic and sediment analytes revealed significant correlations with numerous phyla. Significant correlations were observed between estimated gene frequencies of both aquatic and sediment analytes, most notably between kup/kdpB and dsrA/cysC with potassium and sulfur, respectively, as well as phoD/phnX and cysC with pH. Together, these data provide an important view into the functional and metabolic potential encoded within the sediment microbial communities in the Florida Everglades.
501Y.V2 and 501Y.V3 variants of SARS-CoV-2 lose binding to Bamlanivimabin vitro
Authors: Liu Haolin , Wei Pengcheng , Zhang Qianqian , Chen Zhongzhou , Aviszus Katja , Downing Walter , Peterson Shelley , Reynoso Lyndon , Downey Gregory P. , Frankel Stephen K. , Kappler John , Marrack Philippa , Zhang Gongyi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe generated several versions of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Spike protein with mutations existing within newly emerging variants from South Africa and Brazil. We found that the mutant RBD with K417N, E484K, and N501Y exchanges has higher binding affinity to the human receptor compared to the wildtype RBD. This mutated version of RBD also completely abolishes the binding to a therapeutic antibody, Bamlanivimab,in vitro.
Transposable Elements Shape Stemness in Normal and Leukemic Hematopoiesis
Authors: Grillo Giacomo , Nadorp Bettina , Qamra Aditi , Mitchell Amanda , Arlidge Christopher , Nand Ankita , Takayama Naoya , Murison Alex , Tonekaboni Seyed Ali Madani , Arruda Andrea , Wang Jean C. Y. , Minden Mark D. , Deniz Özgen , Boutzen Héléna , Dick John E. , Lupien Mathieu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite most acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients achieving complete remission after induction chemotherapy, two-thirds will relapse with fatal disease within five years. AML is organized as a cellular hierarchy sustained by leukemia stem cells (LSC) at the apex, with LSC properties directly linked to tumor progression, therapy failure, and disease relapse1–5. Despite the central role of LSC in poor patient outcomes, little is known about the genetic determinants driving their stemness properties. As LSCs share many functional and molecular properties with normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)6, we investigated accessible chromatin unique across normal hematopoietic and cancer cell states and identified transposable elements (TEs) as genetic determinants of both primitive populations in comparison with their downstream mature progeny. A clinically-relevant TE chromatin accessibility-based LSCTE121 signature was developed that enabled patient classification based on survival outcomes. Through functional assays, primitive cell specific-TE subfamilies were found to serve as docking sites for stem cell-associated regulators of genome topology or lineage-specific transcription factors, including LYL1 in LSCs. Finally, using chromatin editing tools, we establish that chromatin accessibility at LTR12C elements in LSCs are necessary to maintain stemness properties. Our work identifies TEs as genetic drivers of primitive versus mature cell states, where distinct TE subfamilies account for stemness properties in normal versus leukemic hematopoietic stem cells.
Slow chromatin dynamics enhances promoter accessibility to transcriptional condensates
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Sakaue Takahiro , Schiessel Helmut 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnhancers are DNA sequences at a long genomic distance from target genes. Recent experiments suggest that enhancers are anchored to the surfaces of condensates of transcription machinery and that the loop extrusion process enhances the transcription level of their target genes. Here we theoretically study the polymer dynamics driven by the loop extrusion of the linker DNA between an enhancer and the promoter of its target gene to calculate the contact probability of the promoter to the transcription machinery in the condensate. Our theory predicts that when the loop extrusion process is active, the contact probability increases with increasing linker DNA length. This finding reflects the fact that the relaxation time, with which the promoter stays in proximity to the surface of the transcriptional condensate, increases as the length of the linker DNA increases. This contrasts the equilibrium case for which the contact probability between the promoter and the transcription machineries is smaller for longer linker DNA lengths.
MultiMAP: Dimensionality Reduction and Integration of Multimodal Data
Authors: Jain Mika Sarkin , Polanski Krzysztof , Conde Cecilia Dominguez , Chen Xi , Park Jongeun , Mamanova Lira , Knights Andrew , Botting Rachel A. , Stephenson Emily , Haniffa Muzlifah , Lamacraft Austen , Efremova Mirjana , Teichmann Sarah A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultimodal data is rapidly growing in many fields of science and engineering, including single-cell biology. We introduce MultiMAP, an approach for dimensionality reduction and integration of multiple datasets. MultiMAP recovers a single manifold on which all of the data resides and then projects the data into a single low-dimensional space so as to preserve the structure of the manifold. It is based on a framework of Riemannian geometry and algebraic topology, and generalizes the popular UMAP algorithm1to the multimodal setting. MultiMAP can be used for visualization of multimodal data, and as an integration approach that enables joint analyses. MultiMAP has several advantages over existing integration strategies for single-cell data, including that MultiMAP can integrate any number of datasets, leverages features that are not present in all datasets (i.e. datasets can be of different dimensionalities), is not restricted to a linear mapping, can control the influence of each dataset on the embedding, and is extremely scalable to large datasets. We apply MultiMAP to the integration of a variety of single-cell transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility, methylation, and spatial data, and show that it outperforms current approaches in preservation of high-dimensional structure, alignment of datasets, visual separation of clusters, transfer learning, and runtime. On a newly generated single-cell Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) dataset of the human thymus, we use MultiMAP to integrate cells along a temporal trajectory. This enables the quantitative comparison of transcription factor expression and binding site accessibility over the course of T cell differentiation, revealing patterns of transcription factor kinetics.
Ketamine disrupts gaze patterns during face viewing in the common marmoset
Authors: Selvanayagam Janahan , Johnston Kevin D. , Wong Raymond K. , Schaeffer David J. , Everling Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFaces are stimuli of critical importance for primates. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a promising model for investigations of face processing, as this species possesses oculomotor and face processing networks resembling those of macaques and humans. Face processing is often disrupted in neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia (SZ) and thus it is important to recapitulate underlying circuitry dysfunction preclinically. The N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) non-competitive antagonist ketamine has been used extensively to model the cognitive symptoms of SZ. Here, we investigated the effects of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine on oculomotor behaviour in marmosets during face viewing. Four marmosets received systemic ketamine or saline injections while viewing phase-scrambled or intact videos of conspecifics’ faces. To evaluate effects of ketamine on scan paths during face viewing, we identified regions of interest in each face video, and classified locations of saccade onsets and landing positions within these areas. A preference for the snout over eye regions was observed following ketamine administration. In addition, regions in which saccades landed could be significantly predicted by saccade onset region in the saline but not the ketamine condition. No significant drug effects were observed for phase-scrambled videos. Effects on saccade control were limited to a reduction in saccade amplitudes during viewing of scrambled videos. Thus, ketamine induced a significant disruption of scan paths during viewing of conspecific faces but limited effects on saccade motor control. These findings support the use of ketamine in marmosets for investigating changes in neural circuits underlying social cognition in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Cholecystokinin 1 Receptor (Cck1R) Normalizes mTORC1 signaling and is Protective to Purkinje cells of SCA Mice
Authors: Wozniak Emily A.L. , Chen Zhao , Paul Sharan , Yang Praseuth , Figueroa Karla P. , Friedrich Jill , Tschumperlin Tyler , Berken Michael , Ingram Melissa , Henzler Christine , Pulst Stefan M. , Orr Harry T. 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYSpinocerebellar Ataxias (SCAs) are a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive ataxia and neurodegeneration, often in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. A SCA1 mouse model,Pcp2-ATXN1[30Q]D776, has severe ataxia in absence of progressive Purkinje neuron degeneration and death. Previous RNA-seq analyses identified cerebellar up-regulation of the peptide hormone Cholecystokinin (Cck) inPcp2-ATXN1[30Q]D776mice. Importantly, absence of Cck1 receptor (Cck1R) inPcp2-ATXN1[30Q]D776mice confers a progressive disease with Purkinje neuron death. A Cck1R agonist, A71623 administered toPcp2-ATXN1[30Q]D776;Cck-/-andPcp2-AXTN1[82Q]mice dampened Purkinje neuron pathology and associated deficits in motor performance. In addition, A71623 administration improved motor performance ofPcp2-ATXN2[127Q]SCA2 mice. Moreover, the Cck1R agonist A71623 corrected mTORC1 signaling and improved expression of calbindin in cerebella ofAXTN1[82Q]andATXN2[127Q]mice. These results indicate that manipulation of the Cck-Cck1R pathway is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of diseases involving Purkinje neuron degeneration.
Towards a further step in understanding business excellence models: a comparative approach
Authors: Alanazi Mohammed Hamdan 
Published: February 2021

PurposeA comparative analysis of the validity of business excellence models (BEMs) has rarely been empirically pursued. In addition to their similarities, BEMs exhibit differences in terms of their criteria, relations and emphasis, and some researchers have claimed that it is because these models tend to represent underlying cultural, economic, or social dynamics, as well as global best practices. Based on three such BEMs (the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) model, the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model and the King Abdul Aziz Quality Award (KAQA) model), this paper introduces a four-phase study to analyse these models comparatively.Design/methodology/approachThis paper: (1) conceptually delineates the distinctive natures of and differences between the three models; (2) develops a comprehensive measurement model based on the content of these models; (3) reviews the relevant literature on BEMs; (4) discusses the motivation behind this comparative approach and (5) introduces a four-phase study to comparatively analyse these models.FindingsA comprehensive measurement model and three structural models are developed, but empirical tests have not been performed. This developed approach is introduced here as a first step in the advancement of our understanding of BEMs and their underlying theory.Originality/valueThe range of variability and complexity of BEMs—i.e. a holistic and comparative empirical view of BEMs—have not so far been fully considered, and findings in this domain tend to be inclusive, while some of the underlying relations of these models have not been investigated. This paper contributes to filling these research gaps.