bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleophilic H-Phosphites, H-Phosphinates, and H-Phosphine Oxides in Organic Reactions
Authors: Wang Zhan-Yong , Wang Kai-Kai , Guo Qi , Xu Shaohong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractP(O)–H compounds like H-phosphites, H-phosphinates, and H-phosphine oxides are widely used as nucleophiles. Herein, their reactions with unsaturated compounds, C–H activation, the Hirao reaction, P–C, P–S, P–O, P–N, and P–F couplings are thoroughly discussed and summarized. This review will focus on their reactions with alkenes, alkynes, enamides, propynoic acids, epoxide, arynes, arenes, quinones, isothiocyanates, diazo compounds, aldehydes, ketones, imines, pyridines, acid derivatives, carbocations, aryl halides, dibromoalkenes, disulfides, thiosulfates, sulfonyl chlorides, iodonium salts, amines, alcohols, and thiols.1	Introduction2	Addition to Alkenes/Alkynes3	Addition to Other Unsaturated Compounds4	Coupling with Carbocations5	Phosphorylation of Aryl C–H Bonds6	Hirao Reaction7	P–S, P–O, P–N, or P–F Coupling8	Conclusions
Increase in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Hospitalizations Due to Toxic Ingestions during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: van Helmond Jennifer L. , Fitts Brittany , Chauhan Jigar C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related community mitigation measures had a significant psychosocial impact. We suspected that more patients were admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for toxic ingestions since the start of the pandemic. We therefore investigated if PICU admissions related to toxic ingestions were higher in 2020 as a result of COVID-19 compared with previous years. We completed a cross-sectional study at a tertiary children's hospital comparing admissions to our PICU between April 2020 and October 2020, during which COVID-19 and community mitigation measures were in place, to those during the same 7-month period in the previous 3 years. Total PICU admissions, admissions for all toxic ingestions (intentional ingestions and accidental ingestions), and demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were compared. Total PICU admissions in 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic months were lower compared with the same months in the preceding 3 years (−16%, p< 0.001), however, admissions for toxic ingestions were higher during COVID-19 (+64%, p< 0.001). When separated by type, intentional (+55%, p = 0.012) and accidental ingestions (+94%, p = 0.021) were higher during COVID-19. COVID-19 with community mitigation measures has led to an increase in PICU admissions for intentional and accidental ingestions, indicating an increase in severity of toxic ingestions in children associated with the pandemic. Mental health of adolescents, and safety of infants and toddlers in their home environment, should be targeted with specific interventions in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Macroeconomic factors, working capital management, and firm performance—A static and dynamic panel analysis
Authors: Hussain Sarfraz , Nguyen Van Chien , Nguyen Quang Minh , Nguyen Huu Tinh , Nguyen Thu Thuy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study is to explore the interaction effect of macroeconomics indicators, and working capital flows on financial performance in a developing economy. By using the static and dynamic approach of panel analysis, it has been shown that there is a relationship between the components of working capital and the gross profit and cash conversion duration. Second, while interest rates used as an interaction variable with the average payable days have adverse effects, firm performance would decrease if interest rates increase. The average payable duration extends; instead of primarily regressing, the average payable period positively correlates with firm performance. The conversion cycle of cash has a negative relationship, but it reverses its actions after using interest rate interaction. There is a negative relationship with gross profit in the simple regression exchange rate and cash conversion cycle while using the second interaction variable with the cash conversion cycle, has positive effects. In addition, the exchange rate gets higher to increase the cash conversion length, financial performance will be increased. In addition, the exchange rate gets higher to increase the cash conversion length, financial performance will be increased. This study receives new results, the exchange rate increases, companies that can pay early to payable will get higher firm performance while exchange rate and the interest rate have a significant role in changing the firm performance.
Internal magnetic measurement in collisional-merging process of a field-reversed configuration
Authors: Watanabe T. , Asai T. , Takahashi Ts. , Kobayashi D. , Harashima D. 
Published: May 2021

An internal magnetic probe array has been developed to observe the three components of the magnetic field simultaneously in the vicinity of the collision surface of two colliding plasmoids at supersonic/Alfvénic velocity. Collisional-merging formation of a field-reversed configuration (FRC) has been conducted in the (FRC Amplification via Translation-Collisional Merging) device at Nihon University. Significant plasma heating and an increase in trapped poloidal magnetic flux have been observed during/after the collisional-merging process in the FAT-CM device. In this dynamic formation process, two FRC-like plasmoids formed by a field-reversed theta-pinch method collide in the middle of the confinement chamber at a relative speed of 200–400 km/s. Therefore, the excited shockwave is considered as one of the heating mechanisms. The developed probe array installed in the middle of the confinement chamber observes the internal structure of the magnetic field. The probe consists of 12 sets of three-axis chip inductors arranged at intervals of 40 mm. The measurement position can be varied in the radial direction. In the single translation and collisional-merging experiment, the internal magnetic probe measures the magnetic field’s radial distribution with a high time resolution under noise.
Structural basis for p50RhoGAP BCH domain–mediated regulation of Rho inactivation
Authors: Chichili Vishnu Priyanka Reddy , Chew Ti Weng , Shankar Srihari , Er Shi Yin , Chin Cheen Fei , Jobichen Chacko , Qiurong Pan Catherine , Zhou Yiting , Yeong Foong May , Low Boon Chuan , Sivaraman J. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Small GTPases are binary proteins that rapidly switch between active and inactive states through the actions of GEF- and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), respectively. GAPs play significant roles in cellular signaling, and their dysregulation is linked to numerous cancers. Here, we show that the BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP Homology (BCH) domain of p50RhoGAP, known to autoinhibit the adjacent GAP domain, adopts an intertwined, dimeric structure with unique RhoA interactions. The β5-strand of the BCH domain plays a crucial role in the autoinhibition of the GAP domain. A mutation in the β5-strand destabilizes this autoinhibition and leads to RhoGAP activation. Our studies on the dynamics of the RhoGAP BCH domain will clarify its potential role in cancer and other diseases.
Ku70 suppresses alternative end joining in G1-arrested progenitor B cells
Authors: Liang Zhuoyi , Kumar Vipul , Le Bouteiller Marie , Zurita Jeffrey , Kenrick Josefin , Lin Sherry G. , Lou Jiangman , Hu Jianqiao , Ye Adam Yongxin , Boboila Cristian , Alt Frederick W. , Frock Richard L. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Alternative end joining (A-EJ) is implicated in oncogenic translocations and mediating DNA double-strand-break (DSB) repair in cycling cells when classical nonhomologous end-joining (C-NHEJ) factors of the C-NHEJ ligase complex are absent. However, V(D)J recombination-associated DSBs that occur in G1 cell cycle-phase progenitor lymphocytes are joined exclusively by the C-NHEJ pathway. Until now, however, the overall mechanisms that join general DSBs in G1-phase progenitor B cells had not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that Ku, a core C-NHEJ DSB recognition complex, directs repair of a variety of different targeted DSBs toward C-NHEJ and suppresses A-EJ in G1-phase cells. We suggest this Ku activity explains how Ku deficiency can rescue the neuronal development and embryonic lethality phenotype of ligase 4-deficient mice.
The conceptual importance of grammar
Authors: van Rijt Jimmy H.M , Coppen Peter-Arno J. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Knowledge about Language (KaL) is an important part of L1 language education around the world. A controversial
part of KaL is grammatical or syntactic knowledge, i.e., knowledge about the form, meaning and use of sentences and phrases. In
the current international discourse on L1 grammar teaching, grammar is principally motivated by the desire to enhance students’
literacy development, befitting the communicative turn in mother tongue education and following high quality research which has
shown that contextualized grammar teaching can impact on students’ writing development. However, there are also other potentially
meaningful reasons to teach grammar, which remain underresearched and underdiscussed in curriculum discussions: (1) the general
importance of language justifies that L1 speakers understand how their language works; (2) grammar teaching provides more insight
into the workings of the human mind; (3) grammar teaching can be used to facilitate students’ reasoning and stimulate their
critical thinking abilities. These reasons for teaching grammar do not necessarily relate to literacy development; rather, they
pertain to a general conceptual importance of knowledge about grammar. This paper explores these arguments and argues, partly
based on empirical evidence from recent research, that knowledge-related rationales deserve a more prominent place in curriculum
discussions about grammar teaching.
Silicon-assisted growth of hexagonal boron nitride to improve oxidation resistance of germanium
Authors: Zhang Chao , Gao Boxiang , Ran Yihua , Shi Zhiyuan , Zhu Hongyan , Zhang Hui , Liu Jian , Yang Bo , Liu Zhi , Wu Tianru , Xie Xiaoming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is an exciting two dimensional dielectric due to its atomic flatness, free of dangling bonds, exceptional thermal and chemical stabilities. Here we report a method of silicon-assisted synthesis of monolayer h-BN on germanium (Ge) by chemical vapor deposition. The silicon atoms dissolve into Ge (110) and promote the growth of h-BN domains by formation of Si–N bonds. The oxidation dynamic shows that monolayer h-BN film is a high-performance passivation layer, preserving Ge from oxidation in air at high temperature. This work sheds lights on the outstanding oxidation resistance of h-BN for further Ge-based electronic devices.
Preparation and thermoelectric properties of screen-printable rGO/Sb2Te3/SV4/PEDOT:PSS composite thermoelectric film
Authors: Zhu Qiqi , Du Yong , Meng Qiufeng , Shen Shirley Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Because of the advantages of facile and fast preparation process, screen printing technology shows great potentials in the prospective large-scale production of thermoelectric materials. Herein, rGO/Sb2Te3 composite powders have been prepared by a hydrothermal process, and then flexible rGO/Sb2Te3/SV4/PEDOT:PSS composite films with different weights of rGO/Sb2Te3 composite powders have been prepared via a screen printing process. The effects of the contents of rGO/Sb2Te3 composite powders on thermoelectric properties of the rGO/Sb2Te3/SV4/PEDOT:PSS composite films have been studied. The Seebeck coefficients of the achieved composite films was basically unchanged with the content of rGO/Sb2Te3 composite powders increasing, whereas the electrical conductivities decrease, resulting in a maximal power factor of 2.96 μW/mK2 at 375 K for the composite film containing 85 wt.% rGO/Sb2Te3 composite powders. The cold pressing combining annealing process has been employed to improve the thermoelectric properties of the composite films. After the treatment, the electrical conductivity of the composite film with 85 wt.% rGO/Sb2Te3 powders has been significantly improved, while the corresponding Seebeck coefficient has slightly decreased. An optimal power factor of 14.13 μW/mK2 has been acquired at 375 K, which is ∼ 5 times higher when compared to the untreated composite film (2.96 μW/mK2 at 375 K).
Patient specific, imaging-informed modeling of rhenium-186 nanoliposome delivery via convection-enhanced delivery in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Woodall Ryan T , Hormuth II David A , Wu Chengyue , Abdelmalik Michael R A , Phillips William T , Bao Ande , Hughes Thomas J R , Brenner Andrew J , Yankeelov Thomas E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery of rhenium-186 (186Re)-nanoliposomes is a promising approach to provide precise delivery of large localized doses of radiation for patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Current approaches for treatment planning utilizing convection-enhanced delivery are designed for small molecule drugs and not for larger particles such as 186Re-nanoliposomes. To enable the treatment planning for 186Re-nanoliposomes delivery, we have developed a computational fluid dynamics approach to predict the distribution of nanoliposomes for individual patients. In this work, we construct, calibrate, and validate a family of computational fluid dynamics models to predict the spatio-temporal distribution of 186Re-nanoliposomes within the brain, utilizing patient-specific pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assign material properties for an advection-diffusion transport model. The model family is calibrated to single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images acquired during and after the infusion of 186Re-nanoliposomes for five patients enrolled in a Phase I/II trial (NCT Number NCT01906385), and is validated using a leave-one-out bootstrapping methodology for predicting the final distribution of the particles. After calibration, our models are capable of predicting the mid-delivery and final spatial distribution of 186Re-nanoliposomes with a Dice value of 0.69 ± 0.18 and a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.88 ± 0.12 (mean ± 95% confidence interval), using only the patient-specific, pre-operative MRI data, and calibrated model parameters from prior patients. These results demonstrate a proof-of-concept for a patient-specific modeling framework, which predicts the spatial distribution of nanoparticles. Further development of this approach could enable optimizing catheter placement for future studies employing convection-enhanced delivery.
Influential Periods in Longitudinal Clinical Cardiovascular Health Scores
Authors: Krefman Amy E , Labarthe Darwin , Greenland Philip , Pool Lindsay , Aguayo Liliana , Juonala Markus , Kähönen Mika , Lehtimäki Terho , Day R Sue , Bazzano Lydia , Muggeo Vito M R , Van Horn Linda , Liu Lei , Webber Larry S , Pahkala Katja , Laitinen Tomi T , Raitakari Olli , Lloyd-Jones Donald M , Allen Norrina B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) among adults in the United States is low and decreases with age. Our objective was to identify specific age windows when the loss of CVH accelerates, to ascertain preventive opportunities for intervention. Data were pooled from 5 longitudinal cohorts (Project Heartbeat!, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, The Bogalusa Heart Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project) from the United States and Finland from 1973 to 2012. Individuals with clinical CVH factors (i.e., body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose) measured from ages 8 to 55 years were included. These factors were categorized and summed into a clinical CVH score ranging from 0 (worst) to 8 (best). Adjusted, segmented, linear mixed models were used to estimate the change in CVH over time. Among the 18,343 participants, 9,461 (52%) were female and 12,346 (67%) were White. The baseline mean (standard deviation) clinical CVH score was 6.9 (1.2) at an average age of 17.6 (8.1) years. Two inflection points were estimated: at 16.9 years (95% confidence interval: 16.4, 17.4) and at 37.2 years (95% confidence interval: 32.4, 41.9). Late adolescence and early middle age appear to be influential periods during which the loss of CVH accelerates.
The Use of DCE-MRI to Evaluate the Blood Supply to the Nipple-Areola Complex: A Study in 245 Asian Women
Authors: Wang Dawei , Xiong Shixuan , Ai Tao , Zeng Ning , Ren Yuping , Wu Min , Wu Yiping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Understanding the main blood supply to the nipple-areola complex (NAC) is important for breast plastic surgery. However, previous reports have involved studies of cadavers and small sample sizes.

Objectives
This study aimed to identify and classify the in vivo blood supply to the NAC based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).

Methods
DCE-MRI images of 393 breasts in 245 Asian women obtained from March 2012 to October 2019 were included retrospectively. Axial, coronal, and sagittal maximum-intensity projection images were evaluated to identify all vessels supplying the NAC. Blood supply to the NAC was classified into 9 anatomic zones: superomedial (Ia), medial (Ib), inferomedial (Ic), superolateral (IIa), lateral (IIb), inferolateral (IIc), central (III), inferior (IV), and superior (V).

Results
A total of 637 source vessels were identified in 393 breasts. Of the 393 breasts, 211 (53.7%) were supplied by a single zone, 132 (33.6%) by 2 zones, 38 (9.7%) by 3 zones, and 12 (3.1%) by 4 zones. Of the 637 vessels, 269 (42.2%) vessels were in zone Ia, 180 (28.3%) vessels were in zone IIa, and &lt;10% of vessels were in the other zones. The number of NAC perfusion zones (P = 0.093) and the distribution of source vessels (P = 0.602) did not differ significantly between the left and right breasts.

Conclusions
DCE-MRI provides a clear indication of the blood supply to the NAC. Blood vessels from the superomedial and superolateral zones were the predominant sources of blood supplying the NAC.
powerEQTL: an R package and shiny application for sample size and power calculation of bulk tissue and single-cell eQTL analysis
Authors: Dong Xianjun , Li Xiaoqi , Chang Tzuu-Wang , Scherzer Clemens R , Weiss Scott T , Qiu Weiliang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Summary
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed thousands of genetic loci for common diseases. One of the main challenges in the post-GWAS era is to understand the causality of the genetic variants. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis is an effective way to address this question by examining the relationship between gene expression and genetic variation in a sufficiently powered cohort. However, it is frequently a challenge to determine the sample size at which a variant with a specific allele frequency will be detected to associate with gene expression with sufficient power. This is a particularly difficult task for single-cell RNAseq studies. Therefore, a user-friendly tool to estimate statistical power for eQTL analyses in both bulk tissue and single-cell data is needed. Here, we presented an R package called powerEQTL with flexible functions to estimate power, minimal sample size or detectable minor allele frequency for both bulk tissue and single-cell eQTL analysis. A user-friendly, program-free web application is also provided, allowing users to calculate and visualize the parameters interactively.

Availability and implementation
The powerEQTL R package source code and online tutorial are freely available at CRAN: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/powerEQTL/. The R shiny application is publicly hosted at https://bwhbioinfo.shinyapps.io/powerEQTL/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CURCUMINE REDUCES THE GROWTH OF COLORECTAL LIVER IMPLANTS IN RATS
Authors: Rodeño Casado M , Roa Esparza J , Iturrizaga S , Mar Medina C , García-Alonso I , Herrero de la Parte B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Some plant-based antioxidants, such as curcumin, have shown anti-tumour properties against breast carcinomas and gliomas. The aim of this piece of work is to assess the anti-tumour effect of curcumin on CC531 colorectal cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
On CC531 cultures, cell viability was analysed, as well as cell migration capacity (wound healing test), 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment with curcumin (15, 20, 25 or 30 µM). Additionally, in WAG/RijHsd rats bearing CC531-induced liver implants, total and individual liver lobe tumour volume was quantified in untreated and curcumin-treated animals (200 mg/kg/day, oral). Furthermore, serum enzyme measurements (GOT, GPT, glucose, bilirubin, etc.) were carried out to assess possible effects on liver function. ANOVA and t tests were used to analyse the effects of curcumine treatment.

RESULTS
In vitro studies showed curcumin's greatest effects 48h after application, when all tested doses reduced cell proliferation by more than 30% (0.443±0.06 vs. 0.319±0.04, 0.302±0.06, 0.274±0.06 and 0.243±0.03, respectively; p &lt; 0.0001). At 72 hours, the highest doses of curcumin (25 and 30 µM) reduced cell viability to less than 50%. Wound healing test also showed that curcumine also inhibits migration capacity. In vivo, curcumin reduced by 5.6 fold the tumour volume of liver implants (7.98±1.45 vs 1.41±1.33; p &lt; 0.0001); however, the volume of healthy liver tissue was higher in untreated animals (10.91±1.01 vs 8.80±1.06; p &gt; 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Curcumin has shown an anti-tumour effect against liver implants from colorectal cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, in this experimental model.
EFFECT OF EMPIRICAL ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY ON THE CLINICAL OUTCOME OF ACUTE CALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS
Authors: de Miguel Palacio M , González Castillo A M , Membrilla Fernández E , Pons Fragero M J , Grande Posa l , Pera Román M , Sancho Insenser J J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) is the second surgical cause of emergency consultation in the Western world. According to the Tokyo International Guidelines 2018 (TIG18), the treatment of choice is laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with mild or moderate cholecystitis. However, in severe cases there is a great variability of therapeutic options. We analyzed the adequacy of antibiotic therapy by studying intraoperative cultures (bile and peritoneal fluid) and preoperative blood cultures, to identify the effect of this antibiotic therapy on complication and mortality rates.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective unicentric study on a prospective database of 725 ACCs between 2012 and 2016. More than 200 general, clinical, postoperative and microbiological variables are collected, including the antibiogram of the isolated germs in order to determine the adequacy of each administered antibiotic.

RESULTS
Cultures were performed in 76.1% of the cases, with a greater tendency to cultivate in older patients, men or with greater severity according to TIG18 (p &lt; 0.001). Cultured patients had a higher rate of postoperative complications (p = 0.001). Patients who received adequate empirical antibiotic therapy had a lower rate of complications (50% vs 64%;p=0.037) and lower mortality (2.8% vs 11.8%;p=0.003) compared to patients with resistant germs to the antibiotic therapy given, especially important in severe ACC (3.7% vs 15.7%;p=0.022).

CONCLUSIONS
Adequate empirical antibiotic therapy is associated with fewer complications, as well as a lower mortality rate, especially in severe ACCs. Patients with severe ACC will probably require empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage.