bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceiving action boundaries for overhead reaching in a height-related situation
Authors: Lin Lisa P. Y. , Linkenauger Sally A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo successfully interact within our environment, individuals need to learn the maximum extent (or minimum) over which they can perform actions, popularly referred to as action boundaries. Because people learn such boundaries over time from perceptual motor feedback across different contexts, both environmental and physiological, the information upon which action boundaries are based must inherently be characterised by variability. With respect to reaching, recent work suggests that regardless of the type of variability present in their perceptual-motor experience, individuals favoured a liberal action boundary for horizontal reaching. However, the ways in which action boundaries are determined following perceptual-motor variability could also vary depending on the environmental context as well as the type of reach employed. The present research aimed to established whether the perceptual system utilises the same strategy for all types of reaches over different contexts. Participants estimated their overhead reachability following experience reaching with either a long or a short virtual arm, or a virtual arm that varied in length – while standing on the edge of a rooftop or standing on the ground. Results indicated that while similar strategies were used to determine action boundaries in both height- and non-height-related context, participants were significantly more conservative with their reachability estimates in the height-related context. Participants were sensitive to the probabilistic information associated with different arm’s reach they have experienced during the calibration phase, and used a weighted average of reaching experience to determine their action boundary under conditions of uncertainty.
Cumulative semantic cost without successful naming
Authors: Navarrete Eduardo , Benavides-Varela Silvia , Lorusso Riccardina , Arfè Barbara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccessing semantic information has negative consequences for successive recovering attempts of similar information. For instance, in the course of picture-naming tasks, the time required to name an object is determined by the total number of items from the same category that have already been named; naming latencies increase proportionally to the total number of semantically related words named previously. This phenomenon is called cumulative semantic cost (or interference). Two picture-naming experiments with children (4–11 years old, 229 participants) investigate whether having successfully named the previous within-category items is a necessary condition for the cumulative semantic cost to appear. We anticipated that younger children would have a larger rate of nonresponses compared with older children, reflecting the fact that younger children have not yet consolidated many lexical representations. Our results confirmed this prediction. Critically, we also observed that cumulative semantic cost was independent of having successfully retrieved previous within-category lexical items. Furthermore, picture trials for which the previous within-category item elicited a nonresponse showed the same amount of cost as those picture trials for which the previous within-category item elicited a correct naming event. Our findings indicate that it is the attempt to retrieve a lexical unit, and not the successful retrieval of a specific lexical unit, that causes semantic cost in picture naming. This cost can be explained by a mechanism of weakening the semantic-to-lexical mappings of semantic coordinate words. The findings are also discussed in the context of retrieval-induced forgetting effects in memory recall research.
PKM Pelatihan Strategi Pengembangan Bauran Pemasaran Untuk Peningkatan Omzet UMKM
Authors: Nurendah Yulia , Mekaniwati Ani , Maulina Dwi 
Published: March 2021

The marketing aspect plays a very important role. Products that are preferred by consumers, setting the right price, choosing the right location and distribution channels, and the right promotion will be able to increase business performance in terms of marketing and turnover earned.
Marketing Mix Development Strategy Training for Increasing MSME Turnover aims to 1) Increase knowledge and understanding regarding product development in terms of variant, packaging, size, brand and quality. 2) Increase knowledge and understanding regarding product pricing that attracts consumers. 3) Increase knowledge and understanding regarding the development of distribution channels and selection of appropriate business locations. 4) Increase knowledge and understanding regarding the development of promotional strategies
To carry out these activities, several training methods are used, namely: Lecture Method, Question and Answer Method, and Simulation Method. This simulation method is very important given to the training participants to provide the opportunity to practice the training material obtained. The hope is that the training participants will really master the training material received, know their level of ability to apply entrepreneurial activities technically and then identify the difficulties (if they still exist) to be solved later.
The evaluation of the success of this training shows the following data: as many as 81% of MSME participants / players can understand well the activities of implementing the marketing mix development training, 76% of MSME participants / players are able to practice marketing mix development, As many as 78% of MSME participants / players are willing to socialize their abilities development of the marketing mix to colleagues. Taking into account these data, it can be concluded that the training success indicators that have been set at the beginning get optimal results and reach the target.

Key words: marketing mix
The role of gender in the acquisition of the Serbian case system
Authors: Pophristic Stefan , Schuler Kathryn 
Published: March 2021

Serbo-Croatian is marked for seven cases and has a noun class vs. gender distinction. Given the complexity of the inflectional system, we look at Serbo-Croatian as a case study in case acquisition. We explore different correlations available in the input that children could leverage to acquire the case system in Serbo-Croatian. We ask three main questions: 1) does a noun’s gender predict the noun’s nominative singular suffix? 2) does a noun’s nominative singular suffix predict the noun’s gender? and 3) does a noun’s noun class predict the noun’s gender? Specifically, we ask whether the language input provides children with sufficient evidence to form these three productive generalizations. To test this, we apply the Tolerance Principle (Yang, 2016) to a corpus of 270 inflected Serbian nouns. Within this set of data, we find that: 1) all nominative singular suffixes productively predict a gender; 2) all genders productively predict a nominative singular suffix (with the exception of the neuter gender which predicts two suffixes); and 3) two of the three noun classes predict a single gender. We conclude that the input provides sufficient evidence for these productive correlations and we argue that children can leverage these generalizations to infer the declension patterns or gender of novel nouns. We discuss how, given these findings, children could acquire most of the inflectional system by focusing on gender as a categorization system for nouns, without needing to posit abstract categories of noun class.
TRATAMENTO HORMONIOTERÁPICO NÃO ALTERA A FORÇA DE PREENSÃO MANUAL EM MULHERES SOBREVIVENTES DO CÂNCER DE MAMA.
Authors: Silva Weder Alves da 
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A hormonioterapia é um tipo de tratamento eficiente contra o câncer de mama. Contudo, recentes evidências têm demonstrado efeitos colaterais negativos no estado geral da saúde em mulheres nessa condição. Nesse sentido, vale ressaltar que a força muscular é um importante componente da aptidão física que está relacionado a saúde. Objetivo: Comparar a força de preensão manual (FPM) de indivíduos saudáveis (SD) com indivíduos sobreviventes do câncer de mama (SCM) sob tratamento hormonal. Metodologia: Foram recrutadas 10 mulheres sobreviventes do câncer de mama (SCM) que estavam realizando hormonioterapia e 10 mulheres saudáveis (SD). Foi realizado o teste de força de preensão manual (FPM) a fim de comparar os valores entre os grupos. O teste T independente foi utilizado para comparar as médias dos dados paramétricos entre os grupos. O nível de significância foi p≤0,05. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos SCM e SD no membro direito (25,5 ± 5,9 Kg e 27,0 ± 3,3 Kg, respectivamente (p= 0,09)) e esquerdo (24,2 ± 6,0 Kg e 26,0 ± 4,3 Kg, respectivamente (p= 0,21)). Conclusão: Podemos considerar que a FPM não foi influenciada pelo tratamento hormonal, demostrando valores semelhantes entre os grupos. Sendo assim, profissionais da saúde podem utilizar este conhecimento a fim de viabilizar estratégias durante a terapia hormonal que exijam força muscular como a prática de exercício físico, a fim de melhorar o prognostico da doença.
Ring Formation in Protoplanetary Disks Driven by an Eccentric Instability
Authors: Li Jiaru , Dempsey Adam M. , Li Hui , Li Shengtai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We find that, under certain conditions, protoplanetary disks may spontaneously generate multiple, concentric gas rings without an embedded planet through an eccentric cooling instability. Using both linear theory and nonlinear hydrodynamics simulations, we show that a variety of background states may trap a slowly precessing, one-armed spiral mode that becomes unstable when a gravitationally stable disk rapidly cools. The angular momentum required to excite this spiral comes at the expense of nonuniform mass transport that generically results in multiple rings. For example, one long-term hydrodynamics simulation exhibits four long-lived, axisymmetric gas rings. We verify the instability evolution and ring-formation mechanism from first principles with our linear theory, which shows remarkable agreement with the simulation results. Dust trapped in these rings may produce observable features consistent with observed disks. Additionally, direct detection of the eccentric gas motions may be possible when the instability saturates, and any residual eccentricity left over in the rings at later times may also provide direct observational evidence of this mechanism.
TeV Cosmic-Ray Nucleus Acceleration in Shell-type Supernova Remnants with Hard γ-Ray Spectra
Authors: Zeng Houdun , Xin Yuliang , Zhang Shuinai , Liu Siming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The emission mechanism for hard γ-ray spectra from supernova remnants (SNRs) is still a matter of debate. Recent multiwavelength observations of the TeV source HESS J1912+101 show that it is associated with an SNR with an age of ∼100 kyr, making it unlikely produce the TeV γ-ray emission via leptonic processes. We analyzed Fermi observations of it and found an extended source with a hard spectrum. HESS J1912+101 may represent a peculiar stage of SNR evolution that dominates the acceleration of TeV cosmic rays. By fitting the multiwavelength spectra of 13 SNRs with hard GeV γ-ray spectra with simple emission models with a density ratio of GeV electrons to protons of ∼10−2, we obtain reasonable mean densities and magnetic fields with a total energy of ∼1050 erg for relativistic ions in each SNR. Among these sources, only two of them, namely SN 1006 and RCW 86, favor a leptonic origin for the γ-ray emission. The magnetic field energy is found to be comparable to that of accelerated relativistic ions and their ratio has a tendency to increase with the age of SNRs. These results suggest that TeV cosmic rays mainly originate from SNRs with hard γ-ray spectra.
Inferring Solar Differential Rotation through Normal-mode Coupling Using Bayesian Statistics
Authors: Kashyap Samarth G. , Das Srijan Bharati , Hanasoge Shravan M. , Woodard Martin F. , Tromp Jeroen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Normal-mode helioseismic data analysis uses observed solar oscillation spectra to infer perturbations in the solar interior due to global and local-scale flows and structural asphericity. Differential rotation, the dominant global-scale axisymmetric perturbation, has been tightly constrained primarily using measurements of frequency splittings via “a-coefficients.” However, the frequency-splitting formalism invokes the approximation that multiplets are isolated. This assumption is inaccurate for modes at high angular degrees. Analyzing eigenfunction corrections, which respect cross-coupling of modes across multiplets, is a more accurate approach. However, applying standard inversion techniques using these cross-spectral measurements yields a-coefficients with a significantly wider spread than the well-constrained results from frequency splittings. In this study, we apply Bayesian statistics to infer a-coefficients due to differential rotation from cross-spectra for both f-modes and p-modes. We demonstrate that this technique works reasonably well for modes with angular degrees ℓ = 50–291. The inferred a
3-coefficients are found to be within 1 nHz of the frequency-splitting values for ℓ > 200. We also show that the technique fails at ℓ < 50 owing to the insensitivity of the measurement to the perturbation. These results serve to further establish mode-coupling as an important helioseismic technique with which to infer internal structure and dynamics, both axisymmetric (e.g., meridional circulation) and non-axisymmetric perturbations.
Data Browser Matsch | Mazia: Web Application to access microclimatic time series of an ecological research site
Authors: Palma Martin , Zandonai Alessandro , Cattani Luca , Klotz Johannes , Genova Giulio , Brida Christian , Andreatta Norbert , Niedrist Georg , Della Chiesa Stefano 
Published: March 2021

Easily accessible data is an essential requirement for scientific data analysis. The Data Browser Matsch | Mazia was designed to provide a fast and comprehensible solution to access, visualize and download the microclimatic measurements of the IT 25 LT(S)ER Match | Mazia research site in South Tyrol, Northern Italy, with the overall aim to provide straightforward data accessibility and enhance dissemination.
Data Browser Matsch | Mazia is a user-friendly web-based application to visualize and download micrometeorological and biophysical time series of the Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research site Matsch | Mazia in South Tyrol, Italy. It is designed both for the general public and researchers. The Data Browser Matsch | Mazia drop-down menus allow the user to query the InfluxDB database in the backend by selecting the measurements, time range, land use and elevation. Interactive Grafana dashboards show dynamic graphs of the time series.
La Kabylie dans le Hirak algérien. Enjeux et perspectives
Authors: Tilmatine Mohand 
Published: March 2021

L’apparition de groupes politiques réclamant l’autonomie politique puis l’indépendance de la Kabylie est un phénomène qui change la donne dans la région et induit une réflexion sur le modèle même de gouvernance du pays. Cette évolution conditionne également le débat sur la participation de la Kabylie dans le Hirak ainsi que les récentes initiatives pour la relance du mouvement populaire pour en finir avec le régime. Une alliance entre discours autonomiste kabyle et aspirations du camp démocrate est-elle possible face au courant conservateur néo-islamiste ou bien s’achemine-t-on davantage vers une collusion militaires/islamistes pour contrer les aspirations à une démocratie participative et laïque dans laquelle disparaîtrait l’islam comme religion de l’État ? La réussite ou l’échec du Hirak semblent passer inévitablement par le dépassement de fractures idéologiques, identitaires et territoriales qui traversent le pays depuis l’indépendance et qui se reflètent aujourd’hui au sein du Hirak.
Al-Qaïda au Maghreb islamique : entre transmutations d’une insurrection djihadiste et géopolitique évolutive de sa « vengeance de sang »
Authors: Benraad Myriam 
Published: March 2021

De longue date, Al-Qaïda au Maghreb islamique (AQMI) a fait de la « vengeance de sang » une signature fondamentale sur les divers théâtres de combat où l’insurrection djihadiste opère. Du Maghreb, où ce mouvement trouve ses origines historiques, jusqu’au Sahel, ses membres n’ont eu de cesse de démultiplier les cycles meurtriers de représailles que ni les interventions étrangères et locales, ni l’élimination méthodique des principaux commandants n’ont permis de tarir. La vengeance de sang a en effet pour caractéristique essentielle d’asseoir solidement la détermination des insurgés, leurs convictions et motivations à en découdre avec l’adversaire, de même que leur identification commune à la cause. Elle éclaire la durabilité de la violence djihadiste et de sa force d’attraction. AQMI n’ayant finalement plus d’autre objectif que le seul horizon d’une vengeance couplée à la désillusion d’être un jour en capacité de s’emparer du pouvoir, le désir vengeur de ses partisans pourrait encore décupler, augurant d’une contagion dramatique de la violence.
Was Brexit really about Europe ?
Authors: O. Morgan Kenneth 
Published: March 2021

Much of the debate about Brexit, during the referendum and afterwards, was not obviously about Europe at all. There were perhaps five general themes that shaped the argument : (i) The impact of austerity after the 2008 credit crash, the fall in real wages and welfare cuts. This particularly influenced Labour voters. (ii) Disaffection with the union of the United Kingdom, especially in Scotland.(iii) Discontent with party politics. The traditional two-party polarization and been in decline from the early 1970s. (iv) Immigration. Heavy migration from Eastern Europe from 2004 onwards had an emotional impact in old industrial areas which had little or no immigration at all.(iv) Britain’s post-imperial destiny, especially the decline of its great-power status since 1940. Some dreamed of a Joseph-Chamberlain-type ‘anglophone’ bloc, or reviving Churchillian greatness. But European ‘control’ seemingly blocked the way.Thus Britain’s strengths seemed to lie elsewhere – in its soft power, culturally and intellectually. But this suggested new social division, elitism based not on class but on education. It followed new attacks on established institutions, the constitution, the judges, the BBC, the churches, perhaps in time even the monarchy. The Olympic Games of 2012 inspired internal solidarity, including emphases on British rights of protest and women. That spirit must be revived to regenerate the European idea.
Middle England by Jonathan Coe : a Brexit novel or the politics of emotions
Authors: Zrari Imad 
Published: March 2021

Jonathan Coe’s latest novel, Middle England1 (2018), addresses issues such as national identity and the growing role of emotion in British politics. Coe’s novel, which was recently awarded the Costa Prize for being a « perfect »2 Brexit novel, seems to have paved the way for what has been defined as « Brexlit. »3 As a matter of fact, this novel appears to be a means to furthering our understanding of Brexit, giving shape to its causes, its symptoms, and its consequences on British society and national identity. My contention is that British politics is less ideological than performative, based on sensationalism and emotion. Middle England illustrates how Brexit is concerned with emotion, staging the divorce of a British people for whom cohabitation has become increasingly difficult. This new genre, Brexlit, can be read as a means to depict a nation in crisis and to put to the test notions such as the interweaving of the emotional and the political, the definition of satire and engagement, as well as the representations of nostalgia and anger. The latter notion, anger, is reworked as an allegory to express the political within the context of the theoretical debate that claims the end of postmodernism and the advent of metamodernism.4 Once again, Coe shows how he excels at oscillating between tradition and experimentation, a characteristic of metamodernism5. Middle England is a feat of experimentation where Coe centres on British identity and reworking the satirical mode of his earlier works such as What a Carve Up! (1994) or The Closed Circle (2004).
Aphrodisiac potential of Polyalthia bullata (Tongkat Ali) in fowl
Authors: Vejayan Jaya , Yahya Yasmin Amira Che , Chakravarthi Srikumar , Ibrahim Halijah , Yun Aida 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To study the aphrodisiac potential of Polyalthia (P.) bullata in fowl.

Methods:
In this study, testosterone, as an indicator of the aphrodisiac potential of P. bullata, was investigated for its release from TM3 Leydig cells grown in vitro and in 4 fowls given capsules containing P. bullata at a dose of 10 mg in each capsule twice a day, for 50 days. In the latter in vivo evaluation, mating behaviours were additionally determined after the treated fowls were released to the individual hens, and their testes and liver were dissected for histological examinations. Blood drawn from the fowls was assessed for any changes in diagnostic parameters.

Results:
In the in vitro test (TM3 Leydig cells), P. bullata was able to increase testosterone to 0.48 nmol/L within 72 h of incubation, compared to the untreated control with only 0.18 nmol/L, i.e., an increase of 170%. In the in vivo test, outcomes in the fowls dosed with P. bullata showed similar positive elevations of testosterone to (9.72±1.10) nmol/L in comparison to the controls that showed a level of only (4.05±0.84) nmol/L. Total frequencies of mating behaviours were observed (wing flapping, body shakes, crowing and beak pecking) to be 23 counts for the test compared to only 15 for the control fowls. Histological examination of the male reproductive organs provided evidence of testosterone boosting based on an observable increase in the activity at the seminiferous tubules of testis tissues without any damaging effects, compared to the controls. In the nine diagnostic blood parameters assessed, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma glutamyltransferase, none was remarkably elevated compared to the controls. The histological changes in the liver were not severe and mainly consisted of only localized moderate but recoverable obstructions and swellings of the vessels and tubules.

Conclusions:

P. bullata is able to boost testosterone both in vitro and in vivo, with no acute toxicities.