bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of preoperative education interventions on improving perioperative outcomes of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ng Si Xian , Wang Wenru , Shen Qu , Toh Zheng An , He Hong Gu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiac surgeries pose as an emotional experience for patients. Preoperative education is known to positively alter people’s perceptions, emotions, and mitigate surgical distress. However, this intervention’s effectiveness in improving perioperative outcomes among patients undergoing cardiac surgery lacked rigorous statistical synthesis and remains inconclusive.AimsThe aim was to synthesize the effectiveness of preoperative education on improving perioperative outcomes [anxiety, depression, knowledge, pain intensity, pain interference with daily activities, postoperative complications, length of hospitalization, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, satisfaction with the intervention and care, and health-related quality of life] among patients undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis conducted a comprehensive search of nine electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ERIC) and grey literature for randomized controlled trials examining the preoperative educational interventional effects on patients undergoing cardiac surgery from inception to 31 December 2020. The studies’ quality was evaluated using Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool 1 (RoB1). Meta-analyses via RevMan 5.4 software synthesized interventional effects.ResultsTwenty-two trials involving 3167 participants were included. Preoperative education had large significant effects on reducing post-intervention preoperative anxiety (P = 0.02), length of ICU stay (P = 0.02), and improving knowledge (P &lt; 0.00001), but small significant effect sizes on lowering postoperative anxiety (P &lt; 0.0001), depression (P = 0.03), and enhancing satisfaction (P = 0.04).ConclusionsThis review indicates the feasibility of preoperative education in clinical use to enhance health outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Future studies need to explore knowledge outcomes in-depth and more innovative technologies in preoperative education delivery.
Contest of Best Practices tackling social inequalities in cancer prevention: an iPAAC initiative
Authors: Hernández-García Marta , Salas-Trejo Dolores , Anttila Ahti , Lipponen Satu , Molina-Barceló Ana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Current health promotion and early cancer detection programmes yield different results depending on the social group and have a different impact among individuals. Thus, they may generate social inequalities in health. The Contest of Best Practices tackling social inequalities in cancer prevention is an initiative that emerged in the framework of the Innovative Partnership for Action Against Cancer Joint Action. This contest identifies interventions that have proven to be effective in reducing social inequalities in cancer prevention in European countries, with the aim of sharing lessons learned and inspiring solutions, as well as facilitating replication in other health systems and similar social settings.
Unlocking the potential of deep learning for marine ecology: overview, applications, and outlook
Authors: Goodwin Morten , Halvorsen Kim Tallaksen , Jiao Lei , Knausgård Kristian Muri , Martin Angela Helen , Moyano Marta , Oomen Rebekah A , Rasmussen Jeppe Have , Sørdalen Tonje Knutsen , Thorbjørnsen Susanna Huneide 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe deep learning (DL) revolution is touching all scientific disciplines and corners of our lives as a means of harnessing the power of big data. Marine ecology is no exception. New methods provide analysis of data from sensors, cameras, and acoustic recorders, even in real time, in ways that are reproducible and rapid. Off-the-shelf algorithms find, count, and classify species from digital images or video and detect cryptic patterns in noisy data. These endeavours require collaboration across ecological and data science disciplines, which can be challenging to initiate. To promote the use of DL towards ecosystem-based management of the sea, this paper aims to bridge the gap between marine ecologists and computer scientists. We provide insight into popular DL approaches for ecological data analysis, focusing on supervised learning techniques with deep neural networks, and illustrate challenges and opportunities through established and emerging applications of DL to marine ecology. We present case studies on plankton, fish, marine mammals, pollution, and nutrient cycling that involve object detection, classification, tracking, and segmentation of visualized data. We conclude with a broad outlook of the field’s opportunities and challenges, including potential technological advances and issues with managing complex data sets.
Structural and Functional Abnormalities of Olfactory-Related Regions in Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Chen Ben , Wang Qiang , Zhong Xiaomei , Mai Naikeng , Zhang Min , Zhou Huarong , Haehner Antje , Chen Xinru , Wu Zhangying , Auber Lavinia Alberi , Rao Dongping , Liu Wentao , Zheng Jinhong , Lin Lijing , Li Nanxi , Chen Sihao , Chen Bingxin , Hummel Thomas , Ning Yuping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Odor identification (OI) dysfunction is an early marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but it remains unclear how olfactory-related regions change from stages of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD dementia.

Methods
Two hundred and sixty-nine individuals were recruited in the present study. The olfactory-related regions were defined as the regions of interest, and the grey matter volume (GMV), low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) were compared for exploring the changing pattern of structural and functional abnormalities across AD, MCI, SCD, and normal controls.

Results
From the SCD, MCI to AD groups, the reduced GMV, increased low-frequency fluctuation, increased ReHo, and reduced FC of olfactory-related regions became increasingly severe, and only the degree of reduced GMV of hippocampus and caudate nucleus clearly distinguished the 3 groups. SCD participants exhibited reduced GMV (hippocampus, etc.), increased ReHo (caudate nucleus), and reduced FC (hippocampus-hippocampus and hippocampus-parahippocampus) in olfactory-related regions compared with normal controls. Additionally, reduced GMV of the bilateral hippocampus and increased ReHo of the right caudate nucleus were associated with OI dysfunction and global cognitive impairment, and they exhibited partially mediated effects on the relationships between OI and global cognition across all participants.

Conclusion
Structural and functional abnormalities of olfactory-related regions present early with SCD and deepen with disease severity in the AD spectrum. The hippocampus and caudate nucleus may be the hub joining OI and cognitive function in the AD spectrum.
Pharmacist and physician perception of pharmacogenetic testing
Authors: Bruno Xuereb Althea Marie , Wirth Francesca , Mifsud Buhagiar Luana , Camilleri Liberato , Azzopardi Lilian M , Serracino-Inglott Anthony 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the perception of pharmacists and physicians towards pharmacogenetic testing.

Methods
A self-administered questionnaire was developed, validated, tested for reliability and disseminated to pharmacists and physicians in Malta.

Key findings
The study population consisted of 292 participants; 61% pharmacists (64% female, 38% practicing &gt;10 years) and 39% physicians (50% female, 54% practicing &gt;10 years). Pharmacists and physicians felt they lack sufficient competence in the area (95.0% and 97.4%, respectively; P &gt; 0.05) and agreed that further training is required (92.7% and 91.2%, respectively; P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The need for further training was identified by the participants to support competency development and sustain confidence on the topic, hence facilitating the clinical implementation of pharmacogenetic testing.
A qualitative analysis of communication workflows between adult day service centers and primary care providers
Authors: Zhong Jie , Boafo Jonelle , Brody Abraham A , Wu Bei , Sadarangani and Tina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Our study documented communication workflows across adult day care centers (ADCs) and primary care providers (PCPs) around complex needs of persons living with dementia (PLWD). We also identified barriers and facilitators to productive communication in clinical decision support and clinical information systems.

Materials and Methods
We conducted 6 focus groups with ADC staff (N = 33) and individual semistructured interviews with PCPs (N = 22) in California. The eHealth Enhanced Chronic Care Model was used to frame the directed qualitative content analysis.

Results
Our results captured cumbersome and ineffective workflows currently used to exchange information across PCPs and ADCs. Stakeholders characterized current communication as (1) infrequent, (2) delayed, (3) incomplete, (4) unreliable, (5) irrelevant, and (6) generic. Conversely, communication that was bidirectional, relevant, succinct, and interdisciplinary was needed to elevate the standard of care for PLWD.

Discussion and Conclusion
ADCs possess a wealth of information that can support clinical decision-making across community-based providers involved in the care of PLWD, especially PCPs. However, effective information exchange is mired by complicated workflows that rely on antiquated technologies (eg, facsimile) and standard templates. Current information exchange largely focuses on satisfying regulatory guidelines rather than supporting clinical decision-making. Integrating community-based services into the health care continuum is a necessary step in elevating the standard of care for PLWD. In the absence of interoperable electronic health records, which may not be financially viable for ADCs, other options, such as mobile health, should be explored to facilitate productive information exchange of personalized relevant information.
Physicochemical Parameters of Yak Meat during Massaging and Salt Pickling
Authors: Uzakov Yasin M , Kaimbayeva Leila A , Dikhanbayeva Fatima T , Koshoeva Tolgonai R , Smailova Zhulduz Zh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Yak meat can facilitate the development of new branches of animal husbandry and the meat industry. To improve the functional and technological properties of raw meat materials and improve the quality of premade products, a promising direction is the creation of new technological solutions based on the targeted use of natural food additives in the process of salt pickling.

Objective
To study the physicochemical parameters of yak meat (longissimus dorsi muscles) in the process of salt pickling and continuous massaging in a cyclic mode. The pH, moisture, fat, protein, and sodium chloride content was taken as the basis for the study of physicochemical parameters.

Methods
To determine the effect of massage, various methods were implemented, such as analysis, observation, accelerated method, etc. The protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method on a Kjel-Foss-16200 device.

Results
The study found that in fibers containing a large amount of glycine, the salting takes place faster. This process occurs due to the high permeability of the membranes. It has been determined that the longer the muscles, the faster the distribution process is. It was found that when massaging for up to 60 min, an increase in muscle fibers occurs along with the homogenisation of the protein mass. If the process is continued for up to 120 min, then the membrane begins to collapse in the meat, and the sarcolemma ruptures.

Conclusion
Based on the study, it was found that the most optimal massaging time is 90 min, which helps to reduce the production cycle.

Highlights
Yak meat can facilitate the development of new branches of the meat industry. Highly efficient meat processing technologies are the main factor contributing to the increase in the competitiveness of meat products. The use of protein-vegetable compositions in brines makes it possible to improve organoleptic characteristics.
Quantification of Lactose in Lactose-Free and Low-Lactose Milk and Milk Products by BIOMILK 300 Lac Biosensor: First Action 2020.09
Authors: Garate Jone , Ortiz de Zarate Itziar , Gonzalez Roberto , Jaureguibeitia Arrate , Salleres Sandra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
In 2018, the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Strategic Food Analytical Methods approved Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2018.009, for lactose in low-lactose or lactose-free milk, milk products, and products containing dairy ingredients, establishing the minimum recommended performance characteristics to be addressed during the evaluation of methods. Subsequently, AOAC INTERNATIONAL opened a call for methods under the Official Method of AnalysisSM program with the aim of finding a candidate method for confirming compliance with regulatory standards and dispute resolution.

Objective
A biosensor-based analytical method, BIOMILK 300 LAC, was developed by BIOLAN Microbiosensores S.L. (www.biolanmb.com) to rapidly, easily, and accurately quantify lactose in free or low-lactose dairy products. In response to the AOAC call for methods, BIOLAN performed a single laboratory validation of this method against SMPR 2018.009. Several different matrixes were tested, including: milk, sugary plain yogurt, fruit plain yogurt, flavored liquid yogurt, Greek yogurt, cream, soft cheese, infant formula, café latte, chocolate milk, and high-protein milk shake. Evaluated method parameters included: linearity, selectivity, matrix effect, recovery, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate reproducibility, robustness, reagent lot-to-lot consistency, and stability.

Methods
The method is based on the use of the Biotest gold electrode together with the BIOMILK 300 biosensor reader, for the quantification of residual levels of lactose in dairy samples via an enzymatic recognition/electrochemical transduction system.

Results
Assay linearity, applicability to different matrixes, recovery, and precision demonstrated that the method is fit for purpose. The method proved to be robust, consistent, and stable, under conditions detailed in the Instructions For Use guide.

Conclusion
The overall results were within requirements stated by SMPR 2018.009 for low-lactose and lactose-free milk, milk products and products containing dairy ingredients.

Highlights
The BIOMILK 300 LAC method enables the quantification of reduced levels of lactose in less than 5 min, without the requirement for expert technicians, toxic solvents or intricate procedures, maintaining a high degree of precision and accuracy in the results. BIOMILK 300 LAC was adopted as a First Action Official MethodSM by the Expert Review Panel of Low-lactose Methods in April 2020 after rigorous review.
Maintaining, Enhancing and Restoring the Peatlands of Wales: Unearthing the Challenges of Law and Sustainable Land Management
Authors: Jenkins Victoria , Walker Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Peatlands are essential to environmental imperatives with respect to achieving net zero and nature recovery. Sustainable Peatland Management (SPM) can help to restore, maintain and enhance peatlands to ensure they meet their potential in delivering multiple ecosystem benefits. SPM has attracted a great deal of attention in policy and practice but there has been no attempt to carry out a comprehensive review of the law and governance issues in this context. This article does so with reference to an exemplar of an area of deep peat in the southeast corner of the Brecon Beacons National Park, in Wales. Mapping the boundaries of law and governance here reveals a pressing need to amend these systems to facilitate effective SPM. It also unearths broader challenges regarding the legal frameworks for sustainable land management that will require a more fundamental response.
Inherited regulation for advanced ARTs: comparing jurisdictions’ applications of existing governance regimes to emerging reproductive technologies
Authors: Johnson Walter G , Bowman Diana M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Over the past 5 years, advanced assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), such as mitochondrial replacement therapies (MRTs) and heritable human genome editing (HHGE), have raised global policy concerns and fears of ‘unregulated’ proliferation. Yet, few innovations are ever truly unregulated and more often fall within the scope of one or more pre-existing regulatory regimes, a process referred to as ‘inherited regulation’. While the United Kingdom has enacted new legislation to specifically authorize and closely regulate MRTs, many jurisdictions will likely default to current oversight systems to manage advanced ARTs. This article evaluates and compares how several jurisdictions have already used four types of inherited regulatory regimes to manage MRTs and HHGE. Cases are drawn from jurisdictions where inherited regulatory interventions on advanced ARTs have taken place (USA, Greece, Ukraine, China, and Russia) and include jurisdictions closely connected with those cases (Mexico and Spain). When accounting for political, cultural, and religious contexts, many of these inherited regimes offer promise as starting points for governance of advanced ARTs, yet each will require further adjustments and tailoring to adequately manage the benefits and risks of these powerful innovations.
Red foxes at their northern edge: competition with the Arctic fox and winter movements
Authors: Lai Sandra , Warret Rodrigues Chloé , Gallant Daniel , Roth James D , Berteaux Dominique 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRapid range expansion of boreal forest predators onto the tundra may disrupt local ecological processes, notably through competition with ecologically similar species. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have expanded their range northwards throughout the Canadian Arctic, inducing competition with endemic Arctic foxes (V. lagopus). We studied competition between Arctic and red foxes, with a focus on interference competition, and winter movements of red foxes using satellite telemetry and den occupancy data from both species. We worked at Bylot Island (Nunavut) and Herschel Island (northern Yukon), two sites at the northern limit of the red fox’s range. As expected, red fox home ranges were 56% larger on average than Arctic fox home ranges. However, red foxes did not exclude Arctic foxes regionally nor did they prevent them from breeding successfully in their vicinity. On Bylot Island, Arctic foxes did not spatially avoid red foxes more than their conspecifics, as evidenced by similar intra- and interspecific home-range overlaps. On Herschel Island, the red fox pair’s home range extensively overlapped the home range of their Arctic fox neighbors. While red foxes tracked on Bylot Island survived several winters without expanding or leaving their home ranges, those on Herschel Island moved onto the sea ice and died. Overall, our results demonstrate low levels of interference competition between the two species in the High Canadian Arctic. When red fox density is low, as in our study areas where land protection prevents predator subsidization by anthropogenic food sources, Arctic and red foxes may be able to co-exist with limited antagonistic interactions. Our sample sizes were limited by the naturally low density of red foxes at their northernmost edge. Replication therefore is needed to fully understand winter space use and intraguild interactions in this species at its northern range limit.
From “More is Better” to “Less is More”: A Commentary on Antimicrobial Use in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Wattier Rachel L , Esbenshade Adam J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReducing avoidable antimicrobial exposure to pediatric patients with cancer is achievable and necessary to promote optimal short- and long-term outcomes. Multiple evidence-based practices are already well established but should be more consistently implemented. Important opportunities exist to further improve the evidence to guide selective antimicrobial use in pediatric oncology.
Diverticulitis complicated by colovenous fistula formation and pylephlebitis
Authors: Krzak Ada Maria , Townson Adam , Malam Yogeshkumar , Mathews John 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Acute diverticulitis is associated with a range of complications including fistula formation. Colovenous fistula formation, where there is a fistula between the inferior mesenteric vein and colon, is an extremely rare and serious complication of diverticulitis. Pylephlebitis, which is defined as infective suppurative thrombosis of the portal vein, is another uncommon complication of any intra-abdominal source of infection, including diverticulitis. Both complications are independently associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a patient with acute diverticulitis who subsequently developed both colo-venous fistula and pylephlebitis and was successfully managed conservatively.
Neighborhood Bootstrap for Respondent-Driven Sampling
Authors: Yauck Mamadou , Moodie Erica E M , Apelian Herak , Fourmigue Alain , Grace Daniel , Hart Trevor A , Lambert Gilles , Cox Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a form of link-tracing sampling, a sampling technique used for “hard-to-reach” populations that aims to leverage individuals’ social relationships to reach potential participants. There is a growing interest in the estimation of uncertainty for RDS as recent findings suggest that most variance estimators underestimate variability. Recently, Baraff et al. proposed the tree bootstrap method based on resampling the RDS recruitment tree, and empirically showed that this method outperforms current bootstrap methods. However, some findings suggest that the tree bootstrap (severely) overestimates uncertainty. In this article, we propose the neighborhood bootstrap method for quantifying uncertainty in RDS. We prove the consistency of our method under some conditions and investigate its finite sample performance, through a simulation study, under realistic RDS sampling assumptions.
DECORAS: detection and characterization of radio-astronomical sources using deep learning
Authors: Rezaei S , McKean J P , Biehl M , Javadpour A 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present DECORAS, a deep-learning-based approach to detect both point and extended sources from Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. Our approach is based on an encoder-decoder neural network architecture that uses a low number of convolutional layers to provide a scalable solution for source detection. In addition, DECORAS performs source characterization in terms of the position, effective radius, and peak brightness of the detected sources. We have trained and tested the network with images that are based on realistic Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations at 20 cm. Also, these images have not gone through any prior de-convolution step and are directly related to the visibility data via a Fourier transform. We find that the source catalogue generated by DECORAS has a better overall completeness and purity, when compared to a traditional source detection algorithm. DECORAS is complete at the 7.5σ level, and has an almost factor of 2 improvement in purity at 5.5σ. We find that DECORAS can recover the position of the detected sources to within 0.61 ± 0.69 mas, and the effective radius and peak surface brightness are recovered to within 20 per cent for 98 and 94 per cent of the sources, respectively. Overall, we find that DECORAS provides a reliable source detection and characterization solution for future wide-field VLBI surveys.