bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical evidence of the mediterranean fruit fly movement between orchard types
Authors: Krasnov Helena , Cohen Yafit , Goldshtein Eitan , Silberstein Miriam , Gazit Yoav , Blank Lior 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding species movement in the agroecological system is an important theme in ecology. A mark–release–capture experiment was conducted to study the dispersion behaviour of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.; Diptera: Tephritidae; Medfly) in northern Israel. Four pairs of pear and citrus orchards were selected for the field experiments. Sterile flies dyed with different colours were released in three seasons during 2015 and 2016, based on the phenological stages of the hosts. The total number of captured marked sterile flies per trap (FT) was approx 300 in both April and August. In November, FT values decreased by about 35% to approximately 200. The wild Medfly that were also captured showed an opposite trend, from an FT of 1.8 and 6.4 in April and August, respectively, to an FT of about 330 in November. Marked sterile flies were captured in both the release and the neighbouring orchard sites. We found that the Medfly migrates from pear to citrus orchards during spring and from citrus to pear during summer, when there are no fruit‐bearing trees in the orchards. However, during November, when the wild Medfly population prevails in the area, a clear pattern of migration is hard to identify, perhaps because of a possible interaction with the wild fly's population.
Artificial intelligence in small bowel capsule endoscopy ‐ current status, challenges and future promise
Authors: Dray Xavier , Iakovidis Dimitris , Houdeville Charles , Jover Rodrigo , Diamantis Dimitris , Histace Aymeric , Koulaouzidis Anastasios 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeural network‐based solutions are under development to alleviate physicians from the tedious task of small‐bowel capsule endoscopy reviewing. Computer‐assisted detection is a critical step, aiming to reduce reading times while maintaining accuracy. Weakly supervised solutions have shown promising results; however, video‐level evaluations are scarce, and no prospective studies have been conducted yet. Automated characterization (in terms of diagnosis and pertinence) by supervised machine learning solutions is the next step. It relies on large, thoroughly labeled databases, for which preliminary “ground truth” definitions by experts are of tremendous importance. Other developments are under ways, to assist physicians in localizing anatomical landmarks and findings in the small bowel, in measuring lesions, and in rating bowel cleanliness. It is still questioned whether artificial intelligence will enter the market with proprietary, built‐in or plug‐in software, or with a universal cloud‐based service, and how it will be accepted by physicians and patients.
Experiences and perceptions of dietitians for obesity management: a general practice qualitative study
Authors: Abbott S. , Parretti H. M. , Greenfield S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMulti‐component lifestyle interventions are the first line treatment for obesity. Dietitians are ideally placed healthcare professionals to deliver such interventions. However, only a small proportion of patients with obesity are referred by general practice to dietitians, and the reasons for this are not clear. The present study aimed to explore general practice healthcare professionals’ (GPHCPs) experiences and perceptions of dietitians in the context of obesity management.MethodsA convenience sample of GPHCPs practicing in the UK was recruited via a targeted social media strategy, using virtual snowball sampling. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and analysed using framework analysis.ResultsIn total, 20 participants were interviewed (11 general practice nurses and nine general practitioners). Experiences of referring patients with obesity for dietetic intervention resulted in two main themes: (i) access barriers and (ii) the dietetic consult experience. Three themes emerged from participants’ perceptions of a role for general practice dietitians: (i) utilising dietetic expertise; (ii) access to dietitian; and (iii) time. Participants experienced barriers to accessing dietitians for obesity management and felt that having a dietitian working within their general practice team would help address this. Having a dietitian embedded within their general practice team was perceived to have the potential to alleviate GPHCPs’ clinical time pressures, offer opportunities for upskilling, and may improve patient engagement with obesity management.ConclusionsGPHCPs perceived that embedding a dietitian within their general practice team would be valuable and beneficial for obesity management. Our findings provide support for the funding of general practice dietitian roles in the UK.
Chromatin remodeling factors regulate environmental stress responses in plants
Authors: Song Ze‐Ting , Liu Jian‐Xiang , Han Jia‐Jia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnvironmental stress from climate change and agricultural activity threatens global plant biodiversity as well as crop yield and quality. As sessile organisms, plants must maintain the integrity of their genomes and adjust gene expression to adapt to various environmental changes. In eukaryotes, nucleosomes are the basic unit of chromatin around which genomic DNA is packaged by condensation. To enable dynamic access to packaged DNA, eukaryotes have evolved Snf2 (sucrose nonfermenting 2) family proteins as chromatin remodeling factors (CHRs) that modulate the position of nucleosomes on chromatin. During plant stress responses, CHRs are recruited to specific genomic loci, where they regulate the distribution or composition of nucleosomes, which in turn alters the accessibility of these loci to general transcription or DNA damage repair machinery. Moreover, CHRs interplay with other epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and deposition of histone variants. CHRs are also involved in RNA processing at the post‐transcriptional level. In this review, we discuss major advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which CHRs function during plants’ response to environmental stress.
Fig fruit ripening is regulated by the interaction between ethylene and abscisic acid
Authors: Qiao Han , Zhang Han , Wang Zhun , Shen Yuanyue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFleshy fruit ripening is typically regulated by ethylene in climacteric fruits and abscisic acid (ABA) in non‐climacteric fruits. Common fig (Ficus carica) shows a dual‐ripening mechanism, which is not fully understood. Here, we detected separate peaks of ethylene and ABA in fig fruits at the onset‐ and on‐ripening stages, in conjunction with a sharp rise in glucose and fructose contents. In a newly‐designed split‐fruit system, exogenous ethylene failed to rescue fluridone‐inhibited fruit ripening, whereas exogenous ABA rescued 2‐amino‐ethoxy‐vinyl glycine (AVG)‐inhibited fruit ripening. Transcriptome analysis revealed changes in the expression of genes key to both ABA and ethylene biosynthesis and perception during fig fruit ripening. At the de‐greening stage, downregulation of FcACO2 or FcPYL8 retarded ripening, but downregulation of FcETR1/2 did not; unexpectedly, downregulation of FcAAO3 promoted ripening, but it inhibited ripening only before the de‐greening stage. Furthermore, we detected an increase in ethylene emissions in the FcAAO3‐RNAi ripening fruit and a decrease in ABA levels in the FcACO2‐RNAi unripening fruit. Importantly, FcPYL8 can bind to ABA, suggesting that it functions as an ABA receptor. Our findings support the hypothesis that ethylene regulates the fig fruit ripening in an ABA‐dependent manner. We propose a model for the role of the ABA–ethylene interaction in climacteric/non‐climacteric processes.
Genome‐wide distribution and functions of the AAE complex in epigenetic regulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Zhe , Lin Juncheng , Ren Zhizhong , Chen Chun‐Xiang , Miki Daisuke , Xie Si‐Si , Zhang Jian , Chang Ya‐Nan , Jiang Jing , Yan Jun , Li Qingshun Q. , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Duan Cheng‐Guo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHeterochromatin is widespread in eukaryotic genomes and has diverse impacts depending on its genomic context. Previous studies have shown that a protein complex, the ASI1‐AIPP1‐EDM2 (AAE) complex, participates in polyadenylation regulation of several intronic heterochromatin‐containing genes. However, the genome‐wide functions of AAE are still unknown. Here, we show that the ASI1 and EDM2 mostly target the common genomic regions on a genome‐wide level and preferentially interacts with genetic heterochromatin. Polyadenylation (poly(A) sequencing reveals that AAE complex has a substantial influence on poly(A) site usage of heterochromatin‐containing genes, including not only intronic heterochromatin‐containing genes but also the genes showing overlap with heterochromatin. Intriguingly, AAE is also involved in the alternative splicing regulation of a number of heterochromatin‐overlapping genes, such as the disease resistance gene RPP4. We provided evidence that genic heterochromatin is indispensable for the recruitment of AAE in polyadenylation and splicing regulation. In addition to conferring RNA processing regulation at genic heterochromatin‐containing genes, AAE also targets some transposable elements (TEs) outside of genes (including TEs sandwiched by genes and island TEs) for epigenetic silencing. Our results reveal new functions of AAE in RNA processing and epigenetic silencing, and thus represent important advances in epigenetic regulation.
A systematic review of the behaviours associated with depression in people with severe–profound intellectual disability
Authors: Eaton C. , Tarver J. , Shirazi A. , Pearson E. , Walker L. , Bird M. , Oliver C. , Waite J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe assessment of depression in people with severe to profound intellectual disability (severe–profound ID) is challenging, primarily due to inability to report internal states such as mood, feelings of worthlessness and suicidal ideation. This group also commonly presents with challenging behaviours (e.g. aggression and self‐injury) with debate about whether these behaviours should be considered ‘depressive equivalents’ or are sensitive for, but not specific to, depression in severe–profound ID. We conducted a systematic review exploring behaviours associated with depression and low mood in individuals with severe–profound ID. The review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (2009) guidelines. Three electronic databases were searched (Embase, PsycINFO and Ovid MEDLINE), and 13 studies were included and rated for quality. Few studies were rated as having high methodological quality. Behaviours captured by standard diagnostic schemes for depression (e.g. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases) showed a relationship with depression in severe–profound ID, including the two core symptoms (depressed affect and anhedonia), as well as irritability, sleep disturbance, psychomotor agitation, reduced appetite and fatigue. Challenging behaviours such as aggression, self‐injury, temper tantrums, screaming and disruptive behaviour were associated with depression. Challenging behaviours show a robust relationship with depression. Whilst these behaviours may suggest an underlying depression, study limitations warrant caution in labelling them as ‘depressive equivalents’. These limitations include not controlling for potential confounds (autism, other affective disorders and pain) and bias associated with comparing depressed/non‐depressed groups on the same behavioural criteria used to initially diagnose and separate these groups. Future studies that use depressive measures designed for ID populations, which control for confounds and which explore low mood irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis, are warranted to better delineate the behaviours associated with depression in this population (PROSPERO 2018: CRD42018103244).
Factors related to perceived control and health‐related quality of life of patients after acute coronary syndrome during admission and after discharge
Authors: Kondo Akiko , Oki Tomomi , Otaki Amane , Abuliezi Renaguli , Eckhardt Ann L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the relationship between demographic factors, acute coronary syndrome‐related factors, perceived control and health‐related quality of life during admission, 3 months and 6 months after discharge, in patients with acute coronary syndrome.MethodsParticipants were recruited for this longitudinal study after admission for acute coronary syndrome in three university hospitals in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan. Self‐administered questionnaires included demographic data, perceived control, health‐related quality of life, acute coronary syndrome symptoms, fatigue, depression and anxiety.ResultsParticipants (N = 137) had an average age of 62.8 (SD 11.6) years and 80.3% were male. As a result of Path analysis, higher perceived control (β = 0.258, p = .001), lower anxiety (β = −0.226, p = .009) and lower fatigue (β = −0.231, p = .010), were significantly related to better health‐related quality of life (General health). Only annual income was significantly related to perceived control (β = 0.187, p = .029). Eighty‐two (59.9%) participants at 3 months and 54 (39.4%) participants at 6 months completed the questionnaires. Perceived control (F = 7.074, p = .001) and General health (χ2 = 10.22, p = .006) significantly increased over the 6 months. Perceived control during admission was significantly related with health‐related quality of life at 3 months. Perceived control at 3 months was significantly related with health‐related quality of life at 6 months.ConclusionPerceived control was an important factor for health‐related quality of life of the Japanese patients with acute coronary syndrome. It is necessary to investigate whether nursing interventions to enhance perceived control lead to improvement of health‐related quality of life.
Using stable isotope labeling to advance our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease etiology and pathology
Authors: Hark Timothy J. , Savas Jeffrey N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStable isotope labeling with mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomic analysis has become a powerful strategy to assess protein steady‐state levels, protein turnover, and protein localization. Applying these analyses platforms to neurodegenerative disorders may uncover new aspects of the etiology of these devastating diseases. Recently, stable isotopes‐MS has been used to investigate early pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with mouse models of AD‐like pathology. In this review, we summarize these stable isotope‐MS experimental designs and the recent application in the context of AD pathology. We also describe our current efforts aimed at using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of stable isotope‐labeled amyloid fibrils from AD mouse model brains. Collectively, these methodologies offer new opportunities to study proteome changes in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases by elucidating mechanisms to target for treatment and prevention.
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Cutaneous and muscular afferents from the foot and sensory fusion processing: Physiology and pathology in neuropathies
Authors: Felicetti Guido , Thoumie Philippe , Do Manh‐Cuong , Schieppati Marco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe foot‐sole cutaneous receptors (section 2), their function in stance control (sway minimisation, exploratory role) (2.1), and the modulation of their effects by gait pattern and intended behaviour (2.2) are reviewed. Experimental manipulations (anaesthesia, temperature) (2.3 and 2.4) have shown that information from foot sole has widespread influence on balance. Foot‐sole stimulation (2.5) appears to be a promising approach for rehabilitation. Proprioceptive information (3) has a pre‐eminent role in balance and gait. Reflex responses to balance perturbations are produced by both leg and foot muscle stretch (3.1) and show complex interactions with skin input at both spinal and supra‐spinal levels (3.2), where sensory feedback is modulated by posture, locomotion and vision. Other muscles, notably of neck and trunk, contribute to kinaesthesia and sense of orientation in space (3.3). The effects of age‐related decline of afferent input are variable under different foot‐contact and visual conditions (3.4). Muscle force diminishes with age and sarcopenia, affecting intrinsic foot muscles relaying relevant feedback (3.5). In neuropathy (4), reduction in cutaneous sensation accompanies the diminished density of viable receptors (4.1). Loss of foot‐sole input goes along with large‐fibre dysfunction in intrinsic foot muscles. Diabetic patients have an elevated risk of falling, and vision and vestibular compensation strategies may be inadequate (4.2). From Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth 1A disease (4.3) we have become aware of the role of spindle group II fibres and of the anatomical feet conditions in balance control. Lastly (5) we touch on the effects of nerve stimulation onto cortical and spinal excitability, which may participate in plasticity processes, and on exercise interventions to reduce the impact of neuropathy.
Ontogenetic and in silico models of spatial‐packing in the hypermuscular mouse skull
Authors: Jeffery Nathan S. , Sarver Dylan C. , Mendias Christopher L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNetworks linking single genes to multiple phenotypic outcomes can be founded on local anatomical interactions as well as on systemic factors like biochemical products. Here we explore the effects of such interactions by investigating the competing spatial demands of brain and masticatory muscle growth within the hypermuscular myostatin‐deficient mouse model and in computational simulations. Mice that lacked both copies of the myostatin gene (‐/‐) and display gross hypermuscularity, and control mice that had both copies of the myostatin gene (+/+) were sampled at 1, 7, 14 and 28 postnatal days. A total of 48 mice were imaged with standard as well as contrast‐enhanced microCT. Size metrics and landmark configurations were collected from the image data and were analysed alongside in silico models of tissue expansion. Findings revealed that: masseter muscle volume was smaller in ‐/‐ mice at day 1 but became, and remained thereafter, larger by 7 days; ‐/‐ endocranial volumes begin and remained smaller; ‐/‐ enlargement of the masticatory muscles was associated with caudolateral displacement of the calvarium, lateral displacement of the zygomatic arches, and slight dorsal deflection of the face and basicranium. Simulations revealed basicranial retroflexion (flattening) and dorsal deflection of the face associated with muscle expansion and abrogative covariations of basicranial flexion and ventral facial deflection associated with endocranial expansion. Our findings support the spatial‐packing theory and highlight the importance of understanding the harmony of competing spatial demands that can shape and maintain mammalian skull architecture during ontogeny.
Acute abdominal pain in triage: A retrospective observational study of the Manchester triage system’s validity
Authors: Zaboli Arian , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Pfeifer Norbert , Magnarelli Gabriele , Ciccariello Laura , Siller Marianne , Turcato Gianni 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveRoughly 5% to 10% of patients admitted to the emergency department suffer from acute abdominal pain. Triage plays a key role in patient stratification, identifying patients who need prompt treatment versus those who can safely wait. In this regard, the aim of this study was to estimate the performance of the Manchester Triage System in classifying patients with acute abdominal pain.MethodsA total of 9,851 patients admitted at the Emergency Department of the Merano Hospital with acute abdominal pain were retrospectively enrolled between 1 January 2017 and 30 June 2019. The study was conducted and reported according to the STROBE statement. The sensitivity and specificity of the Manchester Triage System were estimated by verifying the triage classification received by the patients and their survival at seven days or the need for acute surgery within 72 h after emergency department access.ResultsAmong the patients with acute abdominal pain (median age 50 years), 0.4% died within seven days and 8.9% required surgery within 72 hours. The sensitivity was 44.7% (29.9–61.5), specificity was 95.4% (94.9–95.8), and negative predictive value was 99.7% (99.2–100) in relation to death at seven days.ConclusionsThe Manchester Triage System shows good specificity and negative predictive value. However, its sensitivity was low due to the amount of incorrect triage prediction in patients with high‐priority codes (red/orange), suggesting overtriage in relation to seven‐day mortality. This may be a protective measure for the patient. In contrast, the need for acute surgery within 72 h was affected by under‐triage.Relevance to clinical practiceThe triage nurse using Manchester Triage System can correctly prioritise the majority of patients with acute abdominal pain, especially in low acuity patients. The Manchester Triage System is safe and does not underestimate the severity of the patients.
Stressors for emergency department nurses: Insights from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Alomari Ali H. , Collison James , Hunt Leanne , Wilson Nathan J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to profile stress, exploring whether demographics and/or other factors uniquely contribute to stress for emergency departments nurses.BackgroundNursing has been identified as a stressful profession with the potential to have negative impacts on nurses’ physical and mental health. Nurses working in emergency departments face unique daily stressors.DesignCross‐sectional survey using a correlational design.MethodsThe survey was distributed in May 2019 to ED nurses working in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. A total of 242 nurses completed the survey, of which 190 cases were analysed. A standardised scale was used in the survey, the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS). The sampling method for this research was non‐probability purposive sampling. STROBE checklist was used for this manuscript.ResultsThe results of this study indicated that emergency department nurses experience stress in their work settings. Stress is experienced predominantly because of problems in dealing with patients and their families, high workloads, and uncertainty concerning treatment.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide valuable insights into the work‐related stress experienced by emergency department nurses. This information can be used to inform the development of strategies to minimise stress for emergency nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study builds on existing, and contributes to new, knowledge about the current stressors for emergency department nurses. The results provide insights into how policies and procedures may need to be adjusted and interventions developed, that can help in reducing stress.