bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient aqueous remote loading of peptides in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
Authors: Giles Morgan , Hong Justin , Liu Yayuan , Tang Jie , Li Tinghui , Beig Avital , Schwendeman Anna , Schwendeman Steven 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) long-acting release (LAR) depots are effective for extending the duration of action of peptide drugs. New market approvals have been slow with dated organic-solvent-based microencapsulation approaches. We describe efficient organic-solvent-free remote encapsulation based on the capacity of common acid-capped PLGA to bind, and absorb into the polymer phase, net positively charged peptides in aqueous solution after short exposure at modest temperature. Leuprolide encapsulated by this approach in low-molecular-weight PLGA 75/25 microspheres slowly and continuously released peptide for over 56 days in vitro and suppressed testosterone production in rats in an equivalent manner as the 1-month Lupron Depot®. The technique is generalizable to encapsulate a number of net cationic peptides of various size, including octreotide, with competitive loading and encapsulation efficiencies to traditional techniques. In certain cases, in vitro and in vivo performance of remote-loaded PLGA microspheres exceeded that relative to marketed products and displayed important features not currently possible with existing encapsulation strategies.
Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Metal Borates Vectorized As Ceramic Glaze Additives
Authors: Aguş Osman , Arslan Osman , ABALI YÜKSEL 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Metal borate nanoparticles Silver (Ag), copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) were produced for a novel boron containing antibacterial ceramic applications. Different concentration, temperature, time parameters were varied for obtaining hierarchical metal borate embedded formulations. Synthesized nanostructures showed interesting crystalline and optical properties since temperature and concentration adjustments provided correlated shape and surface properties. Chemical analysis and crystallinity of both copper and silver formulations were defined using XRD and confirmed that temperature plays a deep role on the production of nanostructures. XPS analysis together with TEM investigations comprehensively provided all atomic compositions with their corresponding energy values in survey and high resolution region. Morphology and atomic purity was analyzed using EDX and SEM measurements revealed the morphological orientation of the nanostructures without other impurities. FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy provided optical information about the obtained metal borate nanoparticles. Finally metal borate nanoparticles were utilized for 1x1 cm ceramic glazing samples for antibacterial applications. Silver borate nanoparticles were found to be more active in low concentrations than copper and zinc borate structures after the antibacterial test results were unveiled against to gram positive and gram negative microorganisms.
Rationale and study-design of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 2b trial to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of an oral glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor Varoglutamstat (PQ912) in Study participants With MCI and Mild AD&nbsp;- &nbsp;VIVIAD
Authors: Vijverberg E.G.B. , Axelsen T.M. , Bihlet A.R. , Henriksen K. , Weber F. , Fuchs K. , Harrison J.E. , Kühn-Wache K. , Alexandersen P. , Prins N.D. , Scheltens Philip 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Varoglutamstat (formerly PQ912) is a small molecule that inhibits the activity of the glutaminyl cyclase to reduce the level of pyroglutamate-A-beta (pGluAB42). Recent studies confirm that pGluAB42 is a particular amyloid form that is highly synaptotoxic and plays a significant role in the development of AD. Methods:This paper describes the design and methodology behind the VIVIAD-trial. The aim of this study is to evaluate varoglutamstat in a state-of-the-art phase 2b, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial on safety and tolerability, efficacy on cognition, brain activity and AD biomarkers. In addition to its main purpose, the trial will explore potential associations between novel and established biomarkers and their individual and composite relation to disease characteristics. Results: to be expected early 2023Conclusion: This state of the art phase 2b study will yield important results for the field and the treatment of AD with a small molecule directed against pyroglutamate-A-beta.
Uranyl-catalyzed C-H Alkynylation and Olefination
Authors: Mao Yu , Liu Yeqing , Yu Lei , Ni Shengyang , Wang Yi , Pan Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Uranyl cation (UO22+) has been identified as highly oxidizing agent to abstract hydrogen atoms from C-H bonds for the formation of carbon-centered radicals. This work described a photocatalytic strategy to utilize uranyl peroxo complexes for direct alkynylation and olefination of C(sp3) aliphatics. Crystallographic analysis revealed that the in situ generated uranyl peroxide accelerated the reaction.
Effects of Bone Cement Distribution on Adjacent Endplates After Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Thoracolumbar Fractures: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Han Ye , Wu Jincheng , Wang Xiaodong , Gao Wenshan , Wang Jianzhong , Sun Shaosong , Zhang Zepei , Li Kepeng , Jun Miao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a common surgical method for the treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures. Currently, no biomechanical analysis has been performed examining the effects of cement distribution and positioning on the overall thoracolumbar range of motion (ROM) and the stress applied to adjacent endplates.METHODS: A model of PVP following vertebral compression fracture was established based on computed tomography data. Cement was injected into the T12 vertebral body. Depending on the location of the injection site, the model was divided into a median cement model, a left cement model, an upper-left cement model, and a lower-left cement model. The postoperative thoracolumbar ROM and biomechanical changes to the adjacent endplates were analyzed.RESULTS: After cement injection, the overall ROM for the thoracolumbar region increased compared with that before cement injection. The maximum ROM of flexion was 9.28° for the left model; the maximum ROM of extension was 10.90° for the upper-left model; the maximum left and right rotations were 8.47° and 8.52°, respectively, for the left model; the maximum left bending was 13.10° for the left model; and the maximum right bending was 13.43° for the left model. The stress applied to the adjacent vertebral endplate in the median cement model increased compared with the intact model, and the von Mises stress (VMS) value changed with different cement positions.CONCLUSION: After cement injection, the overall stress value of the endplate adjacent to the vertebral body increased, and when the position of the cement shifts, the maximum VMS increased further for some positions, and the stress value for the endplate adjacent to the vertebral body increased, which may cause fractures in the relative position.
Consolidated Bioprocessing for Bioethanol Production by Metabolically Engineered Bacillus Subtilis Strains
Authors: Maleki Fatemeh , Changizian Mohammad , Zolfaghari Narges , Rajaei Sarah , Noghabi Kambiz Akbari , Zahiri Hossein Shahbani 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Bioethanol produced by fermentative microorganisms is regarded as an alternative to fossil fuel. Bioethanol to be used as a viable energy source must be produced cost-effectively by removing expense-intensive steps such as the enzymatic hydrolysis of substrate. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is believed to be a practical solution combining saccharification and fermentation in a single step catalyzed by a microorganism. Bacillus subtills with innate ability to grow on a diversity of carbohydrates seems promising for affordable CBP bioethanol production using renewable plant biomass and wastes. Results: In this study, the genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase from Z. mobilis (adhZ) and S. cerevisiae (adhS) were each used with Z. mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase gene (pdcZ) to create ethanologenic operons in a lactate-deficient (Δldh) B. subtilis resulting in NZ and NZS strains, respectively. The S. cerevisiae adhS caused significantly more ethanol production by NZS and therefore was used to make two other operons including one with double copies of both pdcZ and adhS and the other with a single pdcZ but double adhS genes expressed in N(ZS)2 and NZS2 strains, respectively. In addition, two fusion genes were constructed with pdcZ and adhS in alternate orientations and used for ethanol production by the harboring strains namely NZ:S and NS:Z, respectively. While the increase of gene dosage was not associated with elevated carbon flow for ethanol production, the fusion gene adhS:pdcZ resulted in more than two times increase of productivity by strain NS:Z as compared with NZS during 48 h fermentation. The CBP ethanol production by NZS and NS:Z using potatoes resulted in 16.3 g/L and 21.5 g/L ethanol during 96 h fermentation, respectively. Conclusion: In this study for the first time, Bacillus subtilis was successfully used for CBP ethanol production with S. cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase. The results of the study provide insights on the potentials of B. subtilis for affordable bioethanol production from inexpensive plant biomass and wastes. However, the potentials need to be improved by metabolic and process engineering for higher yields of ethanol production and plant biomass utilization.
The therapeutic effect of a novel anti-TNF-α/IL-6R triple-specific fusion protein under experimental septic condition
Authors: Chen Xiaole , Tan Shuangyu , Yan Mengru , Nie Kaimei , Zheng Qingmei , Wang Yaduan , Liu Rui , Wang He , Yang Juhua , Zhang Nanwen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A novel anti-TNF-α/IL-6R triple-specific fusion protein, by linking 3 single domain chains, was designed and constructed in our lab. The high purity fusion proteins were obtained by our developed prokaryotic expression system process with high binding affinity with TNF-α (94.75 pM), Human Serum Albumin (1.83 nM) and IL-6R (2.29 nM). In this study, the anti-TNF-α/IL-6R triple-specific fusion protein protected the mouse fibroblast fibrosarcoma cell line (L929) from the apoptosis effects induced by TNF-α, establishing that the expressed fusion proteins can selectively combine with TNF-α in vitro. In vivo, the survival rate of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was notably increased in the group with anti-TNF-α/IL-6R triple-specific fusion protein treatment, and meaningfully higher compared with the single-targeted IL-6R and TNF-α fusion protein at the same dose. After the treatment with anti-TNF-α/IL-6R triple-specific fusion protein, the level of serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased, and sepsis-induced pathological injuries in the kidney were remarkably attenuated. The anti-TNF-α/IL-6R triple-specific fusion protein can be the potential candidate for the development of new drug design against sepsis.
On-machine measurement and error analysis for narrow neck thickness based on ultra-precision machine tool
Authors: Jin Xin , Gao Ruilin , Li Chaojiang , Zheng Zhongpeng , Xiao Muzheng , Zuo Zhen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As flexible joint is a typical low-rigidity micro part, which have four narrow neck structures evenly distributed around its central axis, it is necessary to strictly control the dimensional accuracy of the narrow necks to improve the consistency of stiffness. However, the radius of the arc of the narrow necks is less than 2mm , and the thickness of thinnest part of the necks formed by two adjacent arcs is only tens of microns, which also has sub-micron accuracy requirement. These cross-scale dimensional characteristics and accuracy requirements give rise to extremely difficulty on the measuring process. In this paper, an on-machine measurement method for the semicircular narrow necks was presented and a measuring device was developed based on the comparative principle by making full use of the high linearity characteristic in the small measuring range of the sensor probes. Meanwhile, the on-machine measurement process based on ultra-precision machine tools was also introduced in details. The experiments results show that the measurement error of the method proposed is less than 0.2 µm , and the repeatability is less than 0.1 μm , which meet the measuring requirement of flexible joint. Furthermore, the theoretical error and the uncertainty caused by probe position, measurement force, environmental factor and the accuracy of the sensor was analyzed, which could provide further evidences to improve the measuring accuracy of micro-scale hybrid surface texture.
Culture in Iranian Non-Native High school English Textbooks versus Native Institutes English Textbooks
Authors: Rostami Farzad , zakidizaji َََAmirhassan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The current study attempted to compare two series of textbooks written by native English speaker authors and Iranian non-native English authors in terms of their inclusion of the cultural elements. The issue of culture was divided into two categories of culture beginning with the small letter ‘c’ and big letter ‘C’ (Chen, 2004; Lee, 2009). From these frameworks, seven themes for big ‘C’ and five themes for small ‘c’ culture were selected. Taking a discourse analytic design, the study closely examined the content of the samples selected from two sets of textbooks and compared the frequency of the distribution of the cultural elements to find the answer to research questions. The non-parametric statistical analysis of the collected data showed that the textbooks written by non-native (Iranian) English authors did not deal with English culture as much as the native speaker authors did. The results also showed that the themes of big ‘C’ interpretation of culture were more frequently found in both sets of textbooks. The study could offer some pedagogical implications and also suggestions for further study in the future.
Dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Peng , Li Lu-xi , Zhao Zhen-zhen , Xie Jian , Zhu Cheng-long , Deng Xiao-ming , Wang Jia-feng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The role of dexmedetomidine in preventing delirium after cardiac surgery remains controversial because of several recent trials with negative results. We aimed to perform an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to clarify this controversy.
Methods

RCTs investigating the perioperative administration of dexmedetomidine in cardiac surgery were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library until August,27,2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, collected the data and evaluated the bias risk of the included studies. The meta-analysis was performed with the RevMan 5.3.
Results

A total of 15 studies including 2813 patients were included in the study. A pooled result showed that dexmedetomidine could reduce the risk of delirium in adult population underwent cardiac surgery (OR 0.56, 95%CI 0.35–0.89, P = 0.0003, I = 64%). The subgroup analysis demonstrated that the protective effect of dexmedetomidine was only present in the patients injected with dexmedetomidine after surgery but not from the start of surgery, in the adult patients without specific age limitation but not in the elderly, and in the studies in comparison with other sedatives but not with placebo. There were no statistical differences when analyzing the secondary outcomes including hypotension (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.54–2.37, P < 0.00001, I²=85%), bradycardia (OR 1.72; 95% CI 0.84–3.53, P = 0.04, I²=58%) and atrial fibrillation (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.70–1.08, P = 0.43, I²=0).
Conclusions

Dexmedetomidine can reduce the incidence of delirium compared to other sedatives and opioids after cardiac surgery in adult patients. The proper population and timing for perioperative use of dexmedetomidine after cardiac surgery remain to be further investigated.
Branching&nbsp;and&nbsp;Stability&nbsp;of&nbsp;Elasic&nbsp;Rod&nbsp;Equilibrium&nbsp;Forms
Authors: Skubov Dmitrii , Kopnin Dmitry Yu. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In our article from the positions of branching theory the classical Euler task about stability of thin elastic rod under action of vertical compressive load is considered. With using of turn-tensor and accompanying vector the deformation of rod is described. In result the conditions of equilibrium in a case of linear determining equation are reduced to boundary problem relatively turn angle of cross section, described by the differential equation of pendulum. With help elliptic functions the diagrams of branching are constructed and are received the exact formulas of rod deformation at the loss of stability of vertical position. Analogy the task of stability of rod at turned force on end of rod is considered. Also, the oscillating loss of rod stability at tracking load is studied.
The association of triglyceride and glucose index, triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with prehypertension and hypertension in normoglycemic subjects: a large cross-sectional population study&nbsp;
Authors: zhang fomin , zhang yingyi , guo zhigang , yang hua , ren min , xing xiaomeng , cong hongliang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Triglyceride and glucose index (TYG) and triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c) not only were significant association with hypertension, but also were related to prehypertension. However, few of these studies have large subjects to study the relationship between TyG ,TG/HDL and hypertension, prehypertension in the same population. Therefore, We conducted a large cross-sectional study to explore the association of TG/HDL-c, TyG index with prehypertension and hypertension in the same normoglycemic subjects from China, Tianjin .
Methods

A total of 32,124 adults were eligible for this study. According to the level of blood pressure, the enrolled individuals were divided into three groups, Which were normotension, prehypertension and hypertension. All participants completed a questionnaire, followed by a physical examination and blood sample test. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between TyG index, TG/HDL-c and their related parameters, Multiple Logistic regression analyses were applied to explore the association of TyG indexes and TG/HDL quartiles with prehypertension and hypertension.
Results

The association between TyG index ,TG/HDL-c and age, heart rate(HR),Body Mass Index(BMI), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-c), fasting glucose(GLU) were positive correlation, while HDL-cholesterol(HDL-c) was negative correlation in spearman correlation analysis(p < 0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, there was a significant difference in the risk of prehypertension and hypertension when comparing the highest TyG index to the lowest TyG index and corresponding ORs were 1.795(1.638,1.968) and 2.439(2.205,2.698), respectively. For TG/HDL-c, the corresponding ORs were 1.514(1.382,1.658) and 1.934(1.751,2.137), respectively. Furthermore, When comparing the fourth quartile to the first quartile of TyG and TG/HDL, respectively, and both corresponding ORs of hypertension were higher than prehypertension.
Conclusions

Elevated TyG index and TG/HDL-c levels were associated with an increased risk of incident Prehypertension and Hypertension in normoglycemic individuals. They have the potential to become cost-effective and complementary monitors in the hierarchical management of prehypertension and hypertension.
Protective effect of Impella on left ventricular function after acute broad anterior wall ST elevation myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock: cardiaovascular magnetic resonance imaging strain analysis
Authors: Fukamachi Daisuke , Yamada Akimasa , Ohgaku Akihito , Koyama Yutaka , Fujito Hidesato , Arai Riku , Ebuchi Yasunari , Migita Suguru , Morikawa Tomoyuki , Monden Masaki , Tamaki Takehiro , Kojima Keisuke , Akutsu Naotaka , Murata Nobuhiro , Yuki Saito , Kitano Daisuke , Sudo Mitsumasa , Okumura Yasuo , Takei Norio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The clinical efficacy of Impella for high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention and cardiogenic shock remains under debate. We thus sought to investigate the protective effects on the heart by the early use of Impella before percutaneous coronary intervention using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).
Methods

We evaluated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging results in 22 broad anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction cases between 2017 and 2019. A mechanical circulation system (Impella or intra-aortic balloon pump) was implanted before percutaneous coronary intervention if needed; all patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 2 weeks later.
Results

There were 6 patients in the Impella group and 16 in the non-Impella group; no differences were found in the door-to-balloon time (60 ± 17 vs. 58 ± 25 min, P = 0.58), peak creatine kinase (7922 ± 4864 vs. 6950 ± 4801 IU/L, P = 0.74), and hospital admission days (28 ± 8 vs. 25 ± 7 days, P = 0.40) between the two groups; however, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived left ventricular end-diastolic volume was significantly smaller in the Impella group (140.6 ± 28 vs. 182.5 ± 45 ml, P = 0.004). Overall diastolic strain rate (SR) at the non-infarcted area in the IMPELLA group was significantly higher as compared to non IMPELLA group (longitudinal diastolic SR: 1.1 ± 0.4 vs 0.7 ± 0.3 S− 1, P = 0.04, radial diastolic SR: -1.8 ± 0.4 vs -1.1 ± 0.4 S− 1, P = 0.004, circumferential diastolic SR: 1.0 ± 0.1vs 0.6 ± 0.2 S− 1, P = 0.001).
Conclusions

Early implantation of Impella before percutaneous coronary intervention for anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction acutely prevented enlargement of left ventricular end-diastolic volume and worsening of diastolic SR in the remote myocardium. This study provides clinical insight into understanding the usefulness of Impella to prevent future heart failure.