bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Q-switched effect of LiF: F2
- crystal in long pulse width solid state laser
Authors: Sun Yan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
LiF: F2
-crystal is used as Q-switched crystal in a pulsed adjustable laser system to realize passively Q-switched dynamic laser output. The output laser waveform is a series of sub-pulses, the width of the sub-pulses is nanoscale, the repetition frequency is 3.3kHz, and the average power is relatively high. In this paper, the characteristics of experimental law are analyzed. Combined with the metastable energy level characteristic of LiF: F2
-crystal, the reason why the long pulse width laser can output pulse train is explained.
Effect of Long-Distance Earthquake from Philippines and Sulawesi to Sabah Region
Authors: Harith N S H , Tongkul F , Adiyanto M I , Rizalman A N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sabah is known for its active earthquake activities, especially in Ranau, Kudat and Lahad Datu areas. The effects of local earthquake can reach M
W
6.0. Furthermore, Sabah was also hit by earthquakes from neighbouring countries such as Sulawesi and Philippines. These countries produce highly active earthquakes that can reach as high as M
W
8.6. The increase in the frequency of earthquakes is one of the concerns of the Sabah government for the safety of its people because most people live in concentrated areas near the coast. This study shows the effects of major earthquakes from the Philippines and Sulawesi which have been recorded between 1900 to 2020 and analyzed in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA). The eastern region of Sabah is adopted in the analysis for the effect of long-distance earthquakes, as these areas are close to both countries. The analysis uses standard seismic hazard assessment procedure with compilation magnitudes greater than M
W
5.0. In the final analysis, it is shown that the effects of large earthquakes from both countries are relatively small compared to the effects of local earthquakes.
The effects of particle breakage and shape on the strength parameters of sandy soil
Authors: Youventharan D , Rokiah O , Mohd Arif S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many laboratory and full-scale studies found that pile foundation is a reliable structure that has a long-term durability. This aspect makes it favourable when construction is in an area like the coastal where granular materials are normally in great scale. Generally, method used for the installation of pilling such as the drop hammer method will involve high energy to drive a single pile into the ground. Hence, the soil particles may undergo serious physical changes that will affect the engineering properties of soil used in the design work. The main aim of this research is to know the impact of pile installation work on sand particles. To understand the impact of sand particle breakage to the soil strength, an actual soil breaking mechanism simulated in the laboratory by using an automated soil compactor where the sand samples were crushed using 500 and 1000 times of blows respectively. The behaviour of sand were then analysed using a series of test which are; sieve analysis, specific gravity, relative density and the shear box test in order to measure the engineering properties of the sand. Mackintosh probe test was conducted in-situ to identify the undrained shear strength of sand and to correlate the cohesion of the sand with laboratory testing. This research confirmed that particle breakage has a significant influence with sand shape and therefore its strength changes with crushing impact.
Performance of asphalt mixture incorporated with tin ore tailing
Authors: Yuan L , Masri KA , Ramadhansyah P J , Razelan I S M , Norhidayah A H , Mohd Warid M N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tin Ore tailings (TOT) are waste generated from tin mining activities, which not only occupy lots of land, but also result in severe pollution to the surroundings. Many studies by researchers exploring better ways to increase the usage of industrial by-products in order to ease disposal problems preserve natural sources and save the environment. In this study, 1%, 3% and 5% of TOT are incorporated with ACW14 mixture in accordance to JKR 2008. 5% optimum bitumen is used for all samples. Marshall Mix design test is conducted to determine the volumetric properties, stability and flow. Moisture susceptibility test conducted to determine the indirect tensile strength in dry and wet samples. Generally, the stability values increases with the percentage of TOT increased.
Resilient modulus prediction of nano-silica modified porous asphalt using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Al-Akhshar A M , Masri K A , Ramadhansyah P J , Norhidayah A H , Mohd Warid M N , Yaacob H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Repetitive traffic load is the most important factor influencing porous asphalt (PA) performance. The performance of asphalt is mostly influenced by the loading magnitude of heavy vehicles. In order to improve the service performance of PA under heavy traffic conditions. the decrement of stiffness is one of the failures that occur on the PA which mainly caused by the repeated load from a large number of different types of vehicles which leads to reduce the characteristic of PA in terms of stiffness and durability. Moreover, to enhance the performance of PA against the stiffness reduction an additive material used to increase the strength of the PA called Nano-silica particles. Thus, the aim of the study to investigate the resilient modulus of Nano-silica modified PA and develop a finite element analysis FEA model to predicate the resilient modulus. In this study, three different Nano-silica contents 0%, 2% and 4% by weight of PA mixture were investigated. To achieve this, a finite element model was developed and simulated by using ABAQUS 6.14 software for the PA samples to predict the resilient modulus performance. A comparative study was done among the unmodified and modified PA mixtures considering the resilient modules value. The result showed that Nano-silica is recommended as an additive in PA mixture, as the result of the modified PA mixture with 2% of NS was 4357Mpa while the unmodified was 3001Mpa. Thus, the addition of NS to PA mixture Capable in increasing the strength and quality of asphalt mixture.
Spatial-Temporal Change in Vegetation Cover and Climate Factor Drivers of Variation in the Haihe River Basin 2003-2016
Authors: Li Jingwen , Su Zhipeng , Jiang Jianwu , Chen Wenda , Yu Na , Li Xu , Xie Jiali , Wei Jingshan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to study the correlation between the annual dynamic change characteristics of vegetation and climatic factors in Haihe River Basin in recent 14 years. The MODIS / NDVI data from 2003 to 2016 were used to extract the vegetation coverage of the Haihe River Basin. driver of NDVI changes in the Haihe River basin. The one-dimensional linear regression was used to analyze the trend of temporal changes of vegetation in the Haihe River Basin, and the trend analysis and correlation analysis of vegetation climate change were performed by combining the data of precipitation and temperature meteorological data from 2003-2016 in the Haihe River Basin. The study shows that the overall vegetation cover in the Haihe River basin is relatively high, and the cover type is mainly high, and the NDVI increases significantly at the rate of 0.021/10a; the spatial vegetation change trend in the Haihe River basin is mainly improvement, accounting for 94% of the basin area; climatic factor correlation analysis shows that precipitation is the main factor influencing the change of NDVI in the Haihe River basin.
Study on the Circulation of Agricultural Products Based on Cloud Computing from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization Strategy
Authors: Zeng Yitang , You Meihong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The construction of modern circulation system of agricultural products is an important content to promote the prosperity of rural agricultural industry and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. In practice, the main modes of agricultural products circulation include wholesale market type, agricultural super-docking type, farmers market type and network platform type, each mode has its own advantages and disadvantages. From the perspective of the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, there are still some problems in the circulation of agricultural products at present, such as high circulation cost, facilities are backward, professional brokers is in the ascendant, the level of information service is low, fund shortage. At the same time, there are some new trends, such as high growth to high quality development, orderly circulation system of agricultural products under national macro-control, efficient, safe, healthy, green and intelligent ecological development, "pyramid" agricultural product market system with Chinese characteristics, and so on. It is necessary to speed up the circulation of agricultural products based on cloud computing from six aspects: innovative trading mode, innovative supply and demand mode, innovative distribution mode, innovative organization mode, innovative product brand and innovative operation mechanism, so as to lay the foundation for realizing the strategy of rural revitalization.
Study on the Compressive Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio of Tobacco Main Veins
Authors: Yu Jie , Chu Jinkui , Li Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mechanical properties of the tobacco main veins are basic parameters for the design of tobacco leaves harvester. And the compressive elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of tobacco main veins are related to the contact force between the tobacco leaves and the harvesting tool, which is an important design parameter for tobacco leaves harvester. In this work, lateral compression tests were carried out on tobacco main veins. And the force-displacement equation during lateral compression was derived based on the Hertz contact theory. Then the compressive elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio were obtained by the method of piecewise nonlinear fitting. The fitting results of Poisson’s ratio are in the range of 0.33 to 0.56. The fitting results of the compressive elastic modulus are in the range of 1.30MPa to 3.07MPa. And the compressive elastic modulus increases with the increase of strain.
Submillimeter Crack Detection Technology of Eggs Based on Improved Light Source
Authors: Chen Haokang , Ma Jia , Zhuang Qiangjian , Zhao Shuaitongze , Xie Yuanliang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an effective method for detecting submillimeter crack in eggs. The central idea is to enhance the crack information, because the submillimeter crack information is easy to be lost. Different from the pressure method used in previous literatures, this paper improves the light source for image acquisition. The laser light source is placed on the back of the egg, and the crack information is enhanced by the feature of high laser brightness. But the resulting problem is that stomata and eggshell edges are also noisier. To solve this problem, this paper comprehensively utilizes the characteristics of fixed threshold and adaptive threshold methods. The feature of fixed threshold is that it can select global threshold to eliminate the edge noise of eggshell with small pixels, but the stomatal noise is larger. The characteristic of adaptive threshold is that it can reduce the stomatal noise but keep the edge noise. According to the above analysis, this paper applies the two methods to obtain two result images at the same time, and performs and operates on the result image to filter the noise of egg stoma and eggshell edge, and determines whether there are cracks based on the standard of area. In the experiment, 100 eggs were tested, and the recognition of tested, cracked and comprehensive eggs reached 90.0%, 92.0% and 91.0% respectively. The innovation of this paper is to enhance the crack information in essence by improving the light source, instead of improving the recognition degree only by improving the algorithm. The comprehensive use of fixed threshold and adaptive threshold is also one of the innovations of this paper. Previous journals only improved or compared one threshold selection method, but did not make comprehensive use of their advantages.
Study on Physiological Changes of Seed Broccoli under Salt Stress
Authors: Zhou Yong , Peng Yanjie , Liu Zhong , Huang Jiao , Zheng Ying , Wang Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the typical neutral salt NaCl in salt soil was used to simulate salt stress. The changes of CAT, H2O2, POD, proline, total SOD and leaf thickness of H17, a seed broccoli variety, under the concentration of 100, 200 and 300 mmol/L NaCl were detected at water sensitive stage of seed broccoli. The results showed that the total SOD activity of seed broccoli was not significantly affected, and the activity of POD was more sensitive to low salt stress (100 mmoml/L). The activity of POD remained basically stable when the salt concentration continued to increase. The activity of CAT showed a tendency to decrease first and then rise. The H2O2 and proline exhibited more sensitive to low and moderate salt concentration with a trend of rise first and fall then. The content of H2O2 and proline reached the peak at middle salt concentration (200 mmol/L). Additionally, the leaf thickness was positively correlated with salt stress concentration.
Study of retention and infiltration wells as a result of resettlement of the Batang Kuranji upper watershed
Authors: Ophiyandri T , Istijono B , Gromiko A , Hidayat B , Junaidi  , Nulrajabmil  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Padang City is one of the metropolitan cities in West Sumatra Province and has six (6) watersheds, one of which is the Batang Kuranji watershed. Over the last few years Batang Kuranji watershed has experienced significant infrastructure and urban development which began with the massive earthquake of 30 September, 2009 with coastal communities, afraid of being affected by larger aftershocks having the potential of a tsunami, moving to the upper watershed. As a result, the type of land cover that was originally an infiltration area has been changing into a runoff area. The Batang Kuranji channel with a discharge (Q25) 870 m3/s may not be able to accommodate the change in discharge which can lead to flooding. This paper aims to determine changes in discharge that occur due to changes in land cover and to analyse whether the use infiltration wells and retention pond can reduce the flooding volume. Two methods to calculate runoff discharge were adopted, HEC-HMS 4.1 Modelling and Nakayasu. It was found that the peak discharged increases to (Q25) 1,037.60 m3/s. Thus, creating retention pond with a dimension of 35 hectare with a depth of 5 m and 34,246 infiltration wells can reduce the flood risk. The percentage of runoff discharge they can accommodate is 90.98% and 9.02% respectively.
Effect of lumped mass on the structural dynamic modifications of a structure
Authors: Bahari A R , Yunus M A , Rani M N A , Jasmin N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The identification of the effectdue to structural changes using modal data is very challenging in the structural dynamic modifications (SDM) study. In this paper, the aim of this studyis to identifythe effect of physical changes of a structural system based on the natural frequencies and mode shapes. A mild steel thin plate structure was used in the study. A mass was attached to the thin plate to alter the dynamic characteristics of the thin platestructure. Experimental modal analysis (EMA) and the normal modes analysis wereperformed in two stages to the thin plate structure, without mass and the mass is attached to the thin plate structure. The normal modes of the thin plate structure were obtained using finite element (FE) analysis. The results of the natural frequencies and mode shapes between the thin plate and thin plate with SDM were compared. It is concluded that the impact of structural changes due to SDM will change the modal parameters of the structure.
Steady-state analysis of hybrid solar-wind power integration in 20kV distribution system
Authors: Syafii  , Laksono H D , Alfac A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper reports the steady-state performance of a grid-connected photovoltaic-wind power system in a 20 kV active distribution system. The system was initially designed to meet a typical of State Electricity Company (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, PLN) primary feeder in Indonesia. In this study, 200 kWp solar power capacity and 200 kW wind power capacity were selected in the simulation of power flow analysis to evaluate the better system states. The results of the study using four cases show that the better voltage profile is obtained in conditions where the hybrid system is placed on the bus, which has the lowest voltage and on the load bus, which farthest from the source. The presence of power injection from solar and wind power plants on low voltage (LV) buses has reduced the active power flow from the grid utility. All load bus voltages have above 0.95 p.u in these cases, already within PLN standard. The lowest level of losses of 11 kW and 50 kVAr are obtained in the case where hybrid Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind Turbine (WT) with capacitor integration in the distribution network. Power losses are secured far below 10% as the losses permitted according to the PLN standard. Therefore, the integration of PV and wind turbine into a 20 kV distribution network can improve the voltage profile and reduce total system losses.
Performance Analysis of Diversity Selection Combining Technique in Rayleigh Fading Channel
Authors: Baharuddin  , Luthfi A , Andre H , Angraini R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper discussed a performance analysis of diversity selection combining technique in Rayleigh fading channel, in wavelet domain. It proposed diversity selection combining (DSC) method to combat errors during image transmission on wireless channels. The aim of using DSC in the system is to improve the performance of the system. The testing of the system was done by conducting experiment. The experiment was done by testing BER and PSNR. The result showed that BER was decrease to 13.4% in average compared to the system without DSC. PSNR was increased to 2.2 dB in average. The result of this simulation showed that the system with DSC in the image transmission system improvedthe system performance significantly when comparing to the system without DSC.
Design of Polarimetric-Based Optical Current Sensor for Electric Power System Application
Authors: Nasir M , Adrianti  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many problems arise in the electric power protection system due to applying a ferrous core current transformer (CT). One of the most crucial problems is a magnetic saturation issue, which tends to cause a measurement error on the secondary side of the CT and could reduce the performance of the protection system. An alternative solution to this issue is the needs to develop an electric current sensor utilizing optical materials. A polarimetric-based optical current sensor (OCS) is a technique considered to be compatible with the future smart grid environment. The OCS principles are based on the magneto-optic Faraday effect that could produce optical rotation in the optical media when a polarized light propagates in those materials. Due to the linear and circular birefringences effect in optical fiber medium are exist, therefore, in this paper the OCS and its associated elements are modelled by considering the birefringence effect in the optical sensor system including optical fiber links. Then, the OCS model is translated to a computer simulation program using a computer application software. Orientation of the second polarizer (analyzer) to the first polarizer in the simulation were conducted using two different angles which are angle α of 45° and 90°. Performance assessment of the OCS model is presented using two various electric current of the power system test to investigate the presence or absence of the saturation effect that may arise in the polarimetric-based optical current sensor model. The simulation results have provided that the saturation effect disappear in the simulation and the analyzer orientation angle α of 45° gives better performances of optical power modulation than the other angle.
Food Waste Composting with The Addition Of Cow Rumen Using The Takakura Method and Identification of Bacteria that Role in Composting
Authors: Dewilda Y , Silvia S , Riantika M , Zulkarnaini  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of research to measure and analyse the quality and quantity of food waste composting by adding cow rumen activator and efective microorganisme (EM4). This research do to identify the dominant bacteria that play a role in composting. The composting method applied in this research is Takakura composting. The method for bacterial identification was referred to as the Bergey’s manual which consisted of a gram stain test and a biochemical test. Three types of composter variation are being use in this composting, variation 1 consist of (food waste and maturecompost), variation 2 consist (food waste, mature compost and EM4 activator) and variation 3 consist (food waste, mature compost and cow rumen activator). The parameter which include maturity, quality (moisture content, temperature, pH, texture, color, C/N ratio, P and K), and the quantity of compost. The results showed that not all variations met the compost maturity and compost qualitybased on the SNI 19-7030-2004 standart such as organic carbon in variation 1B and C/N ratio in variations 1A and 1B. The affects of addition activators to composter give short time and good quality of compost. Composting with the addition of cow rumen activator is the fastest composting for 7 days with C/N ratiois 19.22%, P is 0.34%, Kis 2.08%. Composting with EM 4 activator occurred for 8 days with C/N ratio is 20.53%, P is 0.30%, K is 1.82%. Composting without the addition of activator is the longest composting which is 11 days with C/N ratio is 23.74%, P is 0.21%, Kis 1.76%. The results show variation 3 with the addition of cow’s rumen is the best composting with a score of 15. The results of the identification of dominant bacteria that a role play in composting are some Bacillus sp bacteria which are bacteria that degrade organic matter.
Performance of anammox biofilm reactor under tropical temperature
Authors: Zulkarnaini Z , Primasari B , Saputra D J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process for mainstream wastewater in the lower temperature is a current challenge where most of the anammox reactors planted in the sub-tropical country. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of nitrogen removal using anammox process at room temperature in a tropical country. The experiment was carried out using 300 mL an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor in treating low ammonia concentration artificial wastewater at tropical temperature without any adjustment. The reactor filled with 50% in volume spiral-sheet plastic (polyethylene terephthalate) as the carrier. Anammox bacteria Candidatus Brocadia sinica as seeding acclimatized in room temperature for three months before the experiment. The reactor fed with 70 mg-N/L for both ammonium and nitrite with variations in hydraulic retention time (HRT) 24 hours and 12 hours. The maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRR) achieved 0.12 kg-N/(m3·d) at nitrogen loading rate (NLR) 0.14 kg-N/(m3·d) and NRR 0.25 kg-N/(m3·d) at NLR 0.28 kg-N/(m3·d). The anammox process was stable at room temperatures (15-28°C) in a tropical country for nitrogen removal and anammox bacteria grown on plastic media.