bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Involvement Among Undergraduate Health Profession Students in a Resource-Limited Setting: Awareness, Attitude, Motivators and Barriers
Authors: Kiyimba Blaise , Atulinda Linda , Nalunkuma Racheal , Asasira Ignatius , Kabunga Jonathan , Banturaki Davis , Nabyonga Anastacia Ssebbowa , Nakiganda Rachael , Ndyabawe Rachael , Nkalubo Jonathan , Ssewante Nelson , Bongomin Felix , Bakeera-Kitaka Sabrina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Involvement of undergraduate health professions students (HPS) in research will facilitate evidence-based clinical practice among future healthcare partitioners. This study aimed to assess research involvement of undergraduate students and associated factors in Uganda.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online assessment tool sent through WhatsApp groups and E-mail addresses of HPS in 12 medical schools in Uganda between 20th September and 5th October 2021.Results: We enrolled 398 participants with a mean age of 23.9±3.7 years. Of this, 267 (67.1%) were male. One hundred twenty (30.2%) participants previously participated in a research activity: 90 (58.4%) as research assistants, 39 (25.3%) published as first authors, and 25 (16.2%) as co-authors. Training on the conduct of research was received by242 (65.8%) participants, and 326 (81.9%) had intentions of conducting research in the future. Factors influencing participation in research activities were, age ³ 25 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.2‑3.2, p=0.012), being male (aOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.2 - 3.6, p=0.008), and being in a clinical year i.e., year 3 (aOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1 -9.3, p=0.033), year 4 (aOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.1 - 9.5, p=0.028) and year 5(aOR: 11.6, 95% CI: 3.2 - 42.1, p<0.001). Lack of funds (79.6%), and mentorship (63.3%) were reported as major barriers to research.Conclusions: Despite a high proportion of HPS showing interest in getting involved in research, less than one-third reported previous involvement. Addressing barriers such as funding could potentially improve research involvement and output among undergraduate HPS in resource-limited settings.
Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorption of Bisphenol A Using Novel Hybrid Materiel Produced from PANI Matrix Reinforced by Kieselguhr
Authors: Ouis Dalila , Kebir Abdelkader El , Moulefera Imane , Sabantina Lilia , Abdelghani Benyoucef 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the preparation of new adsorbent based PANI and Kieselguhr (KG). The produced materials were characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, FTIR, TGA and BET. Thereby, hybrid material PANI@KG highest SBET values (about 47.82 m2.g−1). The adsorption capacity of the PANI, KG and PANI@KG were tested on BPA ions from aqueous solutions at ambient temperature and pH 6.0, the maximum capacity of adsorption was observed to be 63.68 mg.g−1 which is obtained from Langmuir adsorption isotherm by hybrid adsorbent PANI@KG. Besides, the pseudo-2nd order kinetics was more consistent with the obtained experimental data. Furthermore, the hybrid material possessed highest adsorption capacity after six cycles of adsorption-desorption process. Moreover above 80% of removal percentage was obtained even after three recycles. Hence we expect that this organic-inorganic adsorbent can be selected as a potential candidate for water treatment.
Sea Level controls on Agulhas Leakage Salinity and the Atlantic Overturning Circulation
Authors: Nuber Sophie , Rae James , Andersen Morten , Zhang Xu , de Boer Bas , Dumont Matthew , Sun Yuchen , Mithan Huw , Hall Ian , Barker Stephen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Indian Ocean has been proposed as an important source of salt for North Atlantic deep-water convection sites, via the Agulhas Leakage, and may thus drive changes in the ocean’s overturning circulation. However, while past changes in Agulhas leakage volume have been explored, little is known about this water’s salt content, representing a major gap in our understanding of Agulhas salinity supply. Here, we present new planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca-derived sea surface temperatures (SST) and stable isotope-derived salinity reconstructions for the last 1.2Ma from the western Indian Ocean source waters of the Agulhas Leakage to investigate glacial-interglacial changes in surface water properties. We find that SST and relative salinity both increase during glaciation, leading to high salinity and SST during glacial maxima. We show that the onset of surface salinification and warming in the Indian Ocean occurs during a phase of rapid land-bridge exposure in the Indonesian archipelago induced by sea level lowering. We link these findings to new global climate model results which show that the export of salt from the Indian Ocean via the Agulhas Leakage can directly impact the deglacial Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and therefore global climate.
Patient Care Ownership in Medical Students: A Validation Study
Authors: Wyatt Tasha R. , Wood Elena A. , Waller Jennifer L. , Egan Sarah C. , Stepleman Lara M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Psychological Ownership is the cognitive-affective state individuals experience when they come to feel they own something. The construct is context-dependent reliant on what is being owned and by whom. In medical education, this feeling translates to what has been described as “Patient Care Ownership,” which includes the feelings of responsibility that physicians have for patient care. The construct was originally validated with business employees, then recently translated into residency education where ownership behavior is expected. We adapted this instrument for a medical student population where patient ownership skills begin.Methods: Guiding our validation study was Downing’s framework, which combines theory, predicted relationships, and empirical evidence to propose the use of newly created instruments. Downing argues that assessments are not valid in and of themselves; they are the result of researchers’ evidence gathered in support of a specific interpretation. We chose to adapt this instrument because, like employees who feel that various projects belong to them, physicians share similar feelings about patients and their care. Results: The results show that the initial subscales proposed by Avey et al. (i.e. Territoriality, Accountability, Belongingness, Self-efficacy, and Self-identification) did not account for item responses in the revised instrument when administered to medical students. Instead, four subscales (Team Inclusion, Accountability, Territoriality, and Self-Confidence) better described patient care ownership for medical students, and the internal reliability of these subscales was found to be good. Using Cronbach’s alpha, the internal consistency among items for each subscale, includes: Team Inclusion (.91), Accountability (.78), Territoriality (.78), and Self-Confidence (.82). The subscales of Territoriality, Team Inclusion, and Self-Confidence were negatively correlated with the 1-item Burnout measure (P=0.01). The Team Inclusion subscale strongly correlated with the Teamwork Assessment Scale (TSA), while the subscales of Accountability correlated weakly, and Self-Confidence and Territoriality correlated moderately.Conclusions: Our study provides strong preliminary validity evidence for an adapted version of Avey et al.’s psychological ownership survey, specifically designed to measure patient care ownership in a medical student population. We expect this revised instrument to be a valuable tool to medical educators evaluating and monitoring students as they learn how to engage in patient care ownership.
Extraterrestrial Photosynthesis by Chang’E-5 Lunar Soil
Authors: Yao Yingfang , Wang Lu , Zhu Xi , Tu Wenguang , Zhou Yong , Liu Rulin , Tao Bo , Wang Cheng , Yu Xiwen , Gao Linfeng , Cao Yuan , Wang Bing , Li Zhaosheng , Yao Wei , Yang Mengfei , Zou Zhigang , Sun junchuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In light of significant effort conducted to manned deep space exploration, it is of high technological importance and scientific interest to develop the lunar life supporting system for long-term exploration and exploitation. And lunar in situ resource utilization offers great opportunity to provide the material basis of life supporting for lunar habitation and traveling. Based on the analysis of the structure and composition, the Chang’E-5 lunar soil sample was used for lunar-surface solar energy conversion, i.e. the extraterrestrial photosynthesis catalysts. By evaluating the performance of the Chang’E-5 lunar sample as photovoltaic-driven electrocatalyst, photocatalyst and photothermal catalysts, the full water splitting and CO2 conversion are able to be achieved with solar energy, water and lunar soil, with a wide range of product distribution, including O2, H2, CO, CH4 and CH3OH. Thus, we propose a potentially available extraterrestrial photosynthesis pathway on the moon, which could help us to achieve a ‘zero-energy consumption’ environment and life support system on the moon.
Inhibition of hemozoin-induced neuroinflammation by medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Southwest Nigeria: implications for cerebral malaria
Authors: Olajide Olumayokun , Iwuanyanwu Victoria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate some antimalarial plants for effects on neuroinflammation. Freeze-dried infusions of the plants were investigated for effects on hemozoin-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia and levels of inflammatory mediators measured. Alstonia boonei (stem bark), Anacardium occidentale (stem bark), Azadiractha indica (leaves), Enantia chlorantha (stem bark), Khaya senegalensis (stem bark), Mangifera indica (stem bark), and Nauclea latifolia (stem bark) produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in TNFa, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, RANTES and iNOS/NO production in BV-2 microglia stimulated with a synthetic hemozoin (400 µg/mL). Further experiments showed that pre-treatment with 50 µg/mL of A. boonei, A. indica, A. occidentale, E. chlorantha and M. indica prior to hemozoin stimulation resulted in inhibition of NF-kB activation by >40%, while E. chlorantha, K. senegalensis and N. latifolia produced weak activities. Pre‑treatment with A. indica (50 µg/mL) produced the highest inhibition (58.6%) of hemozoin-induced increased NLRP3 protein expression, while A. occidentale (50 µg/mL), M. indica (50 µg/mL) and A. boonei (50 µg/mL) reduced expression by 54.1%, 49.2% and 47.1%, respectively. Hemozoin-induced increased caspase-1 activity was reduced by A. boonei, A. occidentale, A. indica, E. chlorantha, and M. indica. These results suggest that A. boonei, A. occidentale, A. indica and M. indica produced strong inhibition of hemozoin-induced neuroinflammation through mechanisms involving NF‑kB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while moderate activities were produced by E. chlorantha, K. senegalensis and N. latifolia. The outcome of the study provides pharmacological evidence for the potential benefits of the plants as herbal treatments of cerebral malaria symptoms.
Implications of Fasting Plasma Glucose Variability on the Risk of Incident Peripheral Artery Disease in a Population without Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chung Hye Soo , Hwang Soon Young , Kim Jung A , Roh Eun , Yoo Hye Jin , Baik Sei Hyun , Kim Nan Hee , Seo Ji A , Kim Sin Gon , Kim Nam Hoon , Choi Kyung Mook 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Diabetes have been known as a traditional risk factor of developing peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, the impact of long-term glycemic variability on the risk of developing PAD, especially in a general population without diabetes.
Methods
We included 152,931 individuals without diabetes from the Korean National Health Insurance Service–Health Screening Cohort. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability was measured using coefficient variance (FPG-CV), standard deviation (FPG-SD), and variability independent of the mean (FPG-VIM).
Results
A total of 16,863 (11.0%) incident cases of PAD were identified during a median follow-up of 8.3 years. Kaplan–Meier curves showed a progressively increasing risk of PAD in the higher quartile group of FPG variability than in the lowest quartile group (log rank P <0.001). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed the hazard ratio for PAD prevalence as 1.11 (95% CI 1.07–1.16, P <0.001) in the highest FPG-CV quartile than in the lowest FPG-CV quartile after adjusting for confounding variables, including mean FPG. Similar degree of association was shown in the FPG-SD and FPG-VIM. In sensitivity analysis, the association between FPG variability and the risk of developing PAD persisted even after the participants were excluded based on previously diagnosed diseases, including stroke, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or current smokers or drinkers. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the effects of FPG variability on the risk of PAD were more powerful in subgroups of younger age, regular exercisers, and those with higher income.
Conclusion
Increased long-term glycemic variability may have a significant prognostic effect for incident PAD in individuals without diabetes.
Extending Validation of a Social Emotional Health Measure For Middle School Students
Authors: Furlong Michael J. , Paz Jennica , Carter Delwin , Dowdy Erin , Nylund-Gibson Karen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Heightened by the global Covid-19 pandemic, awareness of the need to monitor youths’ social and emotional health increased. The Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary-2020 (SEHS-S-2020) is a well-tested option for assessing student social emotional health and promoting mental health prevention, intervention, and multitiered systems of support efforts in schools. While a growing body of literature supports the SEHS-S-2020 measure for assessing student covitality, there is less validation evidence specifically for middle school-aged adolescents (Grades 6-8 in the U.S.). The present study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by examining its use for younger adolescents. Study participants included 9,426 students from 32 counties in California located across urban, suburban, and rural communities and 414 students in Grades 6-8 (ages 11-13 years) from two middle schools. Data analyses examined structural validity, internal consistency, measurement invariance, criterion validity, predictive validity, and response stability. Results indicate excellent fit indices for a four-level higher-order measurement model, with strong concurrent and one-year predictive validity coefficients, providing support for using the SEHS-S-2020 measure for use among young adolescents in middle school settings. The discussion focuses on implications for assessing students’ psychosocial assets and universal school-based screening during this crucial developmental transition .
Malawian Higher Education: towards a more internationalized system.
Authors: Banda Lazarus Obed Livingstone , Jin Liu , Munthali George N. Chidimba , Zhou Wen Hui , Mbughi Colleen , Kayembe Helex , Banda Jane Thokozani , Ngulube Peter , Enbeyle Wegayehu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the intentions, opportunities, and barriers to engaging in a meaningful internationalization of higher education in Malawi. Methods: This was cross-sectional research that was done between June and October 2021. Using a purposive (judgmental) sampling, we recruited 212 respondents from various institutions of higher education in Malawi. Multilinear regression analysis was used to analyze the factors with the P-value set at 0.05 level of statistical significance. Results: The results indicated that the majority of the respondents were males (63.7%) who fell into 30 years age bracket. Further, the results from the multilinear regression analysis indicate that Institutional collaboration (ß=0.326, p=0.000, CI=0.27—0.383), clear Policy on Mobility (ß=0.146, p=0.0.004, CI=0.047-0.246), experience (ß=0.083, p=0.117, CI=-0.021-0.186), academic rank (ß=0.114, p=0.000, CI=0.069-0.159) were positively statistically significant variables, whereas on the other hand, Occupation (ß=-0.131, p=0.002, CI=-0.213-0.49), academic qualification (ß=-0.106, p=0.013, CI=-0.19-0.023 and mobilityImportance (ß=-0.116, p=0.022, CI=-0.215-0.017) were negatively significant variables respectively. Conclusion and Recommendations: institutions need to invest in international and inter-institutional collaboration, clarify policy direction regarding academic mobility, keep track and linkages with mobile faculty, create a conducive social and formal institutional culture that attracts back mobile faculty, and reduce staff turnover.
Is Anti-HMGB1 Antibody a Potential Characteristic Autoantibody for Sjögren's Syndrome?
Authors: Chen Mingkun , Zhou Yi , Xue Miao , Zhu Rongrong , Jing Liling , Lin Liling , He Chengwen , Qin Yanghua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, affects about 0.33% to 0.77% population in China. The positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is one of the key features of SS, which show typical granular pattern in indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IIFT). About 70% SS patients have the anti-SS-A and/or SS-B antibodies, which indicates other autoantibodies in SS patients.METHODS: The anti-HMGB1 antibody in 93 SS patients and 96 healthy controls were investigated with in-house built ELISA and immunoblotting; and the location of HMGB1 and fluorescent pattern of anti-HMGB1 antibody were investigated with IIFT. The contribution of anti-HMGB1 antibody in ANA-IF was evaluated with Cas9-induce HMGB1 knockout B16 cells.RESULTS: The anti-HMGB1 antibody in SS patients (9.96±5.55 VS 4.9±1.4 RU/ml RU/ml compared to healthy controls) increased. With ROC curve analysis, when taking 8 RU/ml as the cutoff value, the sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve were 64.5%, 96.9% and 0.83, respectively. A total of 18 patients (20.7%) with granular pattern in ANA-IF test were anti-HMGB1 antibody positive only. With commercial antibody, the fluorescent pattern of anti-HMGB1 antibody showed typical granular pattern. The serum from ANA-IF (+), SS-A (-), and SS-B (-) SS patients showed typical granular pattern in wildtype B16 cells, but no fluorescence in HMGB1 knockout B16 cells.CONCLUSIONS: Anti-HMGB1 antibody may be one of the characteristic autoantibodies of SS except anti-SS-A and SS-B. The detection of anti-HMGB1 antibody can provide more laboratory evidence for clinical diagnosis of SS.
WITHDRAWN: Curved Diffraction Patterns of 2D-Cross-Grating Experiments---Double Slit Still Has Much to Offer
Authors: peng hui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Young’s double slit experiments represent the mystery of quantum mechanics. To explore the mystery, varieties of the single slit, double slit, cross-double slit and 1D-grating experiments were performed, which show the universal phenomena that the interference/diffraction patterns are curved, expanded and inclined. In this article, we show novel phenomena that the diffraction patterns of the 2D-cross-grating experiments can be curved, expanded and inclined simultaneously and continuously. Those experiments provide comprehensive data for developing/testing a theoretical model.
Occupational Related Upper and Low Back Pain Among Working Population of Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mengistu Dechasa Adare , Demmu Yohannes Mulugeta , Alemu Addisu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Back pain such as low and upper back pains are among the most common disabling musculoskeletal conditions that can cause a major public health and socio-economic problems. Back pain is one of the leading causes of disability that reduces worker performance, well-being, and increase absence from work, which can cause an enormous economic burden. In developing countries, particularly in Ethiopia, there is no adequate evidence on the overall prevalence of occupational-related low and upper back pains and remain less prioritized and empirically unrepresented. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of occupational-related low and upper back pains among the working population of Ethiopia.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis considered studies conducted in Ethiopia, written in English language, and published from 2017-2020. Articles were searched from nine electronic databases (Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online database and Science Direct) using a combination of Boolean logic operators, Medical Subject Headings and main keywords. The quality assessment of the articles was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools to determine the relevance of the articles to the study. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence, 95% confidence interval, and the degree of heterogeneity among the included studies. Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the influence of outliers and to identify the sources of heterogeneity.Results: Of the 1,114 studies identified from the included databases, 20 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of occupational-related upper and low back pain in the previous year was 27.1% [95% CI: 18.4, 37.9] and 54.2% [95% CI: 48.2, 60.0], respectively. Based on a subgroup analysis by publication year, study population and countries where the studies are conducted, the prevalence of upper back pain was 43.8% [95% CI: 39.3, 47.7], 34.7% [95% CI: 33.1, 36.2] and 36.2% [95% CI: 33.6, 39.0], respectively, while the prevalence of low back pain was 61.8% [95% CI: 58.9, 64.6], 52.8% [95% CI: 51.3, 54.3] and 55.2% [95% CI: 51.4, 59.0], respectively.Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that more than half of the included study participants experienced low back pain in the previous year, while more than one-fourth experienced upper back pain. Therefore, implementation of engineering and administrative controls, modifying individual factors, ergonomics, physical examinations and identifying risk factors can reduce back pains.
Treatment of Impetigo with Antiseptics- Replacing Antibiotics (TIARA) Trial- a single blind randomised controlled trial in school health clinics within socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in New Zealand
Authors: Primhak Sarah , Gataua Alicia , Purvis Diana , Thomp John MD , Walker Cameron , Best Emma , Leversha Alison 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundImpetigo is a common and contagious bacterial skin infection, affecting children worldwide but it is particularly prevalent in deprived communities. In New Zealand widespread prescribing of the topical antibiotic fusidic acid had led to an increase in antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Alternative treatments are urgently being sought and as impetigo is a superficial infection, it has been suggested that topical antiseptics such as hydrogen peroxide or simple wound care alone may treat impetigo while avoiding the risk of increased antimicrobial resistance.MethodsThis protocol for a non-inferiority, single-blind randomised controlled trial compares topical fusidic acid with topical hydrogen peroxide and with simple wound care in the treatment of childhood impetigo. Participants are randomised to one of the three treatments for five days and the primary outcome is clinical improvement. This is assessed through paired photographs analysed by graders blinded to treatment arm. The trial is based in school health clinics in an urban centre in New Zealand. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance patterns pre- and post-treatment is also performed.DiscussionSpecial note is made of the need to involve the communities most affected by impetigo in the design and implementation of the clinical trial in order to recruit the children most in need of safe and effective treatments.Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) 12616000356460