bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex trait‒environment relationships underlie the structure of forest plant communities
Authors: Rolhauser Andrés G. , Waller Donald M. , Tucker Caroline M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Traits differentially adapt plant species to particular conditions generating compositional shifts along environmental gradients. As a result, community‐scale trait values show concomitant shifts, termed trait‒environment relationships. Trait‒environment relationships are often assessed by evaluating community‐weighted mean (CWM) traits observed along environmental gradients. Regression‐based approaches (CWMr) assume that local communities exhibit traits centred at a single optimum value and that traits do not covary meaningfully. Evidence suggests that the shape of trait‒abundance relationships can vary widely along environmental gradients—reflecting complex interactions—and traits are usually interrelated. We used a model that accounts for these factors to explore trait‒environment relationships in herbaceous forest plant communities in Wisconsin (USA).

We built a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to analyse how abundances of 185 species distributed among 189 forested sites vary in response to four functional traits (vegetative height—VH, leaf size—LS, leaf mass per area—LMA and leaf carbon content), six environmental variables describing overstorey, soil and climate conditions, and their interactions. The GLMM allowed us to assess the nature and relative strength of the resulting 24 trait‒environment relationships. We also compared results between GLMM and CWMr to explore how conclusions differ between approaches.

The GLMM identified five significant trait‒environment relationships that together explain ~40% of variation in species abundances across sites. Temperature appeared as a key environmental driver, with warmer and more seasonal sites favouring taller plants. Soil texture and temperature seasonality affected LS and LMA; seasonality effects on LS and LMA were nonlinear, declining at more seasonal sites. Although often assumed for CWMr, only some traits under certain conditions had centred optimum trait‒abundance relationships. CWMr more liberally identified (13) trait‒environment relationships as significant but failed to detect the temperature seasonality‒LMA relationship identified by the GLMM.

Synthesis. Although GLMM represents a more methodologically complex approach than CWMr, it identified a reduced set of trait‒environment relationships still capable of accounting for the responses of forest understorey herbs to environmental gradients. It also identified separate effects of mean and seasonal temperature on LMA that appear important in these forests, generating useful insights and supporting broader application of GLMM approach to understand trait‒environment relationships.
The Rhodes Statue: Honour, Shame and Responsibility
Authors: Stemplowska Zofia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOriel College persists in displaying a statue of Cecil Rhodes, despite his role in British colonialism and despite opposition from the Rhodes Must Fall movement. This article considers arguments in support of Oriel's position—including three versions of the charge that removing the statue might distort history—and show that they all fail. I argue that the conclusion that the statue should be removed, despite possible costs and complexity, follows once we realise that the statue makes demands on our attention and once we correctly understand that the descendants of those previously oppressed by Rhodes and who are currently subject to racism have a special insight, standing and claim to shape the environment in which they study, work and live.
Propionic acid bacteria in the food industry: An update on essential traits and detection methods
Authors: Bücher Carola , Burtscher Johanna , Domig Konrad J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPropionic acid bacteria (PAB) is an umbrella term for a group of bacteria with the ability to produce propionic acid. In the past, due to this common feature and other phenotypic similarities, genetically heterogeneous bacteria were considered as a single genus, Propionibacterium. Members of this genus ranged from “dairy propionibacteria,” which are widely known for their role in eye and flavor formation in cheese production, to “cutaneous propionibacteria,” which are primarily associated with human skin. In 2016, the introduction of two new genera based on genotypic data facilitated a clear separation of cutaneous (Cutibacterium spp.) from dairy PAB (Propionibacterium spp., Acidipropionibacterium spp.). In light of these taxonomic changes, but with particular emphasis on dairy PAB, this review describes the current state of knowledge about metabolic pathways and other characteristics such as antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. In addition, the relevance of dairy PAB for the food industry and cheese production in particular is highlighted. Furthermore, methods for cultivation, detection, and enumeration are reviewed, incorporating the current taxonomy as well as the potential for routine applications.
Qualitative examination of the attitudes of healthcare workers in Turkey regarding COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Aci Ozgur Sema , Kackin Ozlem , Karaaslan Selver , Ciydem Emre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe attitudes of healthcare workers toward COVID‐19 vaccines ensure that health services are able to run without interruption and potentially have a role in the messaging about vaccination that they convey to the public. Hence, healthcare workers’ attitudes ultimately have a significant role in controlling the pandemic. This study aimed to qualitatively investigate the attitudes of healthcare workers in Turkey in relation to COVID‐19 vaccines.MethodsThe study used the phenomenological approach. The sample consisted of 36 healthcare workers who were employed during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were collected online using focus group interviews. A total of four focus group interviews were conducted.FindingsFollowing analysis of the data, the attitudes of healthcare workers in Turkey toward the COVID‐19 vaccine were divided into three themes: “influencing factors,” “priority group” and “trust.”ConclusionsVaccination was found to create negative emotions among some of the healthcare workers. Their opinions about the COVID‐19 vaccines were affected by the negative emotions and burnout they experienced during the pandemic. In addition, they saw the vaccination process as impacted by contraindications and uncertainty about the duration of the protection, the balance of the benefits and harm of the vaccines, and by vaccine myths and prejudices about the country where the vaccine was developed. Healthcare professionals expressed the need for trust to be established in the whole vaccination process. They suggested that different vaccine options should be offered, that the appointment and process notification system for vaccination should be improved, that evidence‐based information about vaccines should be provided and that a safe environment should be created.Practice ImplicationsVaccine hesitancy can be addressed by careful attention to the application of vaccination programs, correct and effective use of social media, transparent, and precise management of political processes, and the provision of evidence‐based information about the vaccines.
Accuracy of a rapid glial fibrillary acidic protein/ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase L1 test for the prediction of intracranial injuries on head computed tomography after mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bazarian Jeffrey J. , Welch Robert D. , Caudle Krista , Jeffrey Craig A. , Chen James Y. , Chandran Raj , McCaw Tamara , Datwyler Saul A. , Zhang Hongwei , McQuiston Beth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to determine the accuracy of a new, rapid blood test combining measurements of both glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH‐L1) for predicting acute traumatic intracranial injury (TII) on head CT scan after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).MethodsAnalysis of banked venous plasma samples from subjects completing the Prospective Clinical Evaluation of Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury (ALERT‐TBI) trial, enrolled 2012–2014 at 22 investigational sites in the United States and Europe. All subjects were ≥18 years old, presented to an emergency department (ED) with a nonpenetrating head injury and Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) 9–15 (mild to moderate TBI), underwent head CT scanning as part of their clinical care, and had blood sampling within 12 h of injury. Plasma concentrations of GFAP and UCH‐L1 were measured using i‐STAT Alinity and TBI plasma cartridge and compared to acute TII on head CT scan.ResultsOf the 2011 subjects enrolled in ALERT‐TBI, 1918 had valid CT scans and plasma specimens for testing and 1901 (99.1%) had GCS 13–15 (mTBI), for which the rapid test was intended. Among these subjects, the rapid test had a sensitivity of 0.958 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.906 to 0.982), specificity of 0.404 (95% CI = 0.382 to 0.427), negative predictive value of 0.993 (95% CI = 0.985 to 0.997), and positive predictive value of 0.098 (95% CI = 0.082 to 0.116) for acute TII.ConclusionsA rapid i‐STAT–based test had high sensitivity for prediction of acute TII, comparable to lab‐based platforms. The speed, portability, and high accuracy of this test may facilitate clinical adoption of brain biomarker testing as an aid to head CT decision making in EDs.
Abundance and effects of climate change on geographical distribution of Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels (Apocynaceae) in the Dahomey Gap (West Africa)
Authors: Vihotogbé Romaric , Idohou Rodrigue , Vianou Aldrich , Spies Paula , Salako Valère , Assogbadjo Achille , Glèlè Kakaï Romain 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAfrican healthcare system depends upon indigenous medicinal plants, harvested wild and traded for significant income generation. Mondia whitei, one of these plants, is threatened by over‐exploitation, climate change and unsustainable land use management. Detailed knowledge is lacking regarding the species' conservation—driving forces and preservation of its ecological niche within fragile ecological regions. This study assessed the influence of the land use types on the abundance of M. whitei and the spatio‐temporal evolution of its ecological niche in the Dahomey Gap. The abundance of the species was evaluated in different land use systems. Available bioclimatic and soil layers were used for the distribution modelling. Results showed that M. whitei was mainly found in three land use systems: cropland, fallow and forests. Density of adults averaged 281.5 ± 99.1, 323.2 ± 93.9 and 305.9 ± 154 individuals/ha in fallow, forest and cropland, respectively. For juveniles, density was on average of 222.2 ± 205.7 individuals/ha in cropland vs 59.3 ± 71.8 and 57.4 ± 94.1 individuals/ha in forest and fallow, respectively. The majority of the species distribution will possibly remain stable with some expansion under future climates. Persistence of the species' niche in the Dahomey Gap under climate change indicates its potential as a contributor to future livelihood improvement, via local health care and the strengthening of local economy.
A cannulated prolactin series reduces the need for further investigations in women with infertility and lowers the number of false positive screening prolactin measurements
Authors: Searle Leigh , McDowell Simon , Willink Robin , Krebs Jeremy 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in women presenting for infertility investigation has been found to be up to 17%, and many of these women are asymptomatic. Prolactin levels may be elevated by stress, including phlebotomy and not be of clinical significance. A cannulated prolactin study may be a useful way to discriminate this.AimTo determine the utility of a cannulated prolactin series in women presenting with infertility who have a raised prolactin measurement at referral for first fertility consultation.Materials and MethodsAll women referred to two fertility centres had a prolactin level measured prior to first appointment over a two‐year period. If the level remained elevated on the second measure after macroprolactin precipitation, women were referred for a cannulated prolactin series. If the prolactin concentration fell within the reference range during the series then the result was regarded as normal.ResultsForty‐four (2.7%) of 1660 women seen for a first specialist appointment had persistently raised prolactin concentrations after two samples and were referred for a cannulated series. The proportion of women whose prolactin was found to be normal during the cannulated prolactin series was 61% (95% CI 47–74%). Even in patients with a referral prolactin of greater than 1000 mU/L, 45% had a normal two‐hour cannulated series.ConclusionA high proportion (61%) of women with raised prolactin at time of referral for first specialist appointment had a normal prolactin after a two‐hour cannulated series. A cannulated prolactin study can avoid unnecessary further investigations in these women.
An exploration of the current challenges in social work education in Mainland China
Authors: Yuen‐han Mo Kitty , Tak‐Mau Chan Simon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSocial work education is facing multiple difficulties and challenges in Mainland China. Partly because of a dearth of national studies on the viewpoints of social work educators to explore the alternatives, this qualitative study tried to fill in the gap to interview 23 social work educators to investigate into the issue. Twenty‐three cities, across two municipalities, two autonomous regions, and 11 provinces were covered to provide a full picture of national education practices and trends.
How we(’ll) treat paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria: diving into the future
Authors: Risitano Antonio Maria , Peffault de Latour Régis 
Published: August 2021

SummaryParoxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by complement‐mediated intravascular haemolysis, severe thrombophilia and bone marrow failure. While for patients with bone marrow failure the treatment follows that of immune‐mediated aplastic anaemia, that of classic, haemolytic PNH is based on anti‐complement medication. The anti‐C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab has revolutionized treatment, resulting in control of intravascular haemolysis and thromboembolic risk, with improved long‐term survival. Novel strategies of complement inhibition are emerging. New anti‐C5 agents reproduce the safety and efficacy of eculizumab, with improved patient convenience. Proximal complement inhibitors have been developed to address C3‐mediated extra‐vascular haemolysis and seem to improve haematological response.
Pathological features of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) 3 MRI lesions in biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens
Authors: Rahota Razvan‐George , Diamand Romain , Malavaud Bernard , Fiard Gaëlle , Descotes Jean‐Luc , Peltier Alexandre , Beauval Jean‐Baptiste , Roumeguère Thierry , Roumiguié Mathieu , Albisinni Simone , Ploussard Guillaume 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the whole pathology spectrum of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) 3 lesions, identified on magnetic resonance imaging, using systematic (SB), targeted biopsy (TB) and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen analysis.MethodsFrom a prospective database of patients undergoing RP after a combination of SB (median 12 cores) and fusion TB (median 3 cores), we included 150 PI‐RADS 3 cases. Clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) was defined by a Grade Group 2 or more. The primary endpoints were unfavourable features in RP specimens.ResultsTargeted biopsy was negative in 20.7% of patients. Final Grade Group 3 or more and a pT3 stage was reported in 36.7% and 38.7% of RP specimens. The upgrading rate was 38.2% between biopsy and RP specimens. The concordance rate between Grade Group on TB and RP was only 38.0%. The two independent predictive factors for unfavourable disease (pT3–4 and/or final Grade Group 3–5) were prostate‐specific antigen density (PSAD; P = 0.001) and presence of csPCa on TB (odds ratio 3.7; P = 0.001). The risk of unfavourable disease was increased 2.3‐fold and 5.8‐fold, respectively, for patients with a PSAD between 0.15 and 0.20, and a PSAD >0.20 ng/mL/g. The 5‐year biochemical recurrence‐free survival rate was 93.2%.ConclusionsPI‐RADS 3 lesions exhibited aggressive features in almost 40% of cases. PSAD and presence of csPCa on TB are independent predictive factors for high‐grade and/or extraprostatic disease. A combination of SB and TB improve grade prediction compared to use of TB alone.
Epidemiology of adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma in Japan: An updated analysis, 2012‐2013
Authors: Ito Shigeki , Iwanaga Masako , Nosaka Kisato , Imaizumi Yoshitaka , Ishitsuka Kenji , Amano Masahiro , Utsunomiya Atae , Tokura Yoshiki , Watanabe Toshiki , Uchimaru Kaoru , Tsukasaki Kunihiro ,   Collaborative Investigators
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma (ATL) is a T‐cell malignancy that is endemic to Japan. In this latest nationwide study of ATL, we collected the data from 4 nationwide registries of patients diagnosed in 2012‐2013; the Hematology Blood Disease, the Skin Cancer Society, the Hospital‐Based Cancer Registries, and information from the hospitals that participated in the Japanese nationwide survey of ATL in 2010‐2011. In the present study, 2614 patients with ATL were diagnosed based on the registries, and 117 departments registered 1042 patients. Among these patients, 984 were eligible for analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 69 y. A larger proportion of patients with ATL older than 70 y was diagnosed with the lymphoma subtype, and more than half of the patients with ATL in the metropolitan areas were born in the human T‐cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV‐1)‐endemic areas of Kyushu/Okinawa, which are almost identical to the findings in our 2010‐2011 study. Additionally, we identified that patients with ATL migrated from the endemic areas for HTLV‐1 to the non‐endemic metropolitan areas. The present study was able to reduce the burden of searching each hospital and to update the clinico‐epidemiological characteristics of a large number of patients with ATL in Japan, suggesting the usefulness and feasibility of the novel data collection method. The establishment of a more sophisticated database management system for ATL is necessary for future continuous surveys.
Reflections of a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Practitioner after 45 years
Authors: Pope Patricia C. 
Published: August 2021

2020 was an unprecedented year… I have found myself reflecting on the trajectory of my life and my life's work—and wondering what the future holds.The disruptions of the past year prompted a pioneer in diversity to ponder words and labels, the hurdles that under‐represented groups face, and strategies for making real progress.
Unlocking Unconscious Biases into Impactful Design Work
Authors: Hirica Andreea 
Published: August 2021

Unconscious biases are the most dangerous ones. However, when unlocked, they have a great potential for team synergy, genuine cohesion, bonding, healthy and challenging competition, and, ultimately, impactful work.A head strategist looks at the dangers of hidden biases, how to become aware of them in yourself and others, and how to unleash their power to result in truly great work.
How Not to Lose a Talent Pool: Keeping Women at Work Through Crises, Shocks, and Other Disasters
Authors: Monroe Ana 
Published: August 2021

Individually, [women] have paid for our passage out of the house, while socially we have created a system in which motherhood is not a human right and one of the basic joys of human existence. It is, instead, a privilege.Who better to delve into the ongoing problems working women face with childcare, paid leave, and maintaining their career trajectories than a designer, historian, and mother?
Designing Community‐Based Local Shopping Experiences
Authors: Woo Eunji , Nam Ki‐Young 
Published: August 2021

Even before the pandemic, people yearning for a more meaningful and socially‐interactive experience of hands‐on shopping in physical spaces had been leading to the emergence of a local shopping trend.We love small businesses for the unique products and services they provide. Learn strategies and techniques for attracting new and retaining existing customers with limited resources.
Left atrial reservoir strain provides incremental value to left atrial volume index for evaluation of left ventricular filling pressure
Authors: Tomlinson Stephen , Scalia Gregory M. , Appadurai Vinesh , Edwards Natalie , Savage Michael , Lam Alfred K‐Y. , Chan Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial analysis is employed in diastolic assessment with left atrial volume index (LAVI) incorporated in the 2016 ASE/EACVI diastology guideline algorithm. LAVI has sub‐optimal correlation with invasive left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) and incorporation of left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) may improve diastolic assessment.MethodsA cross‐sectional prospective study of 139 patients was undertaken with all patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiography immediately prior to cardiac catheterization with invasive evaluation of LVFP. LASr by speckle tracking echocardiography and conventional echocardiographic parameters were assessed in relation to invasive LVFP. Modification of the 2016 guideline algorithm was performed with incorporation of LASr in place of LAVI (LASr ≤23% indicating elevated LVFP). Accuracy of the modified and conventional algorithm were assessed for predicting invasive LVFP.ResultsThe mean age was 63±12 years with 27% female. LASr demonstrated superior correlation and receiver operator characteristic for predicting LVFP than LAVI (LASr: r ‐.46 (p < 0.01), AUC: .82 vs LAVI: r .19 (p 0.02), AUC: .66). LASr of ≤23% was the optimal cut‐off for discriminating elevated LVFP (sensitivity 80%, specificity 77%). Modification of the 2016 algorithm with incorporation of LASr in place of LAVI reclassified 12% of the patient cohort and improved concordance of echocardiographic and invasive LVFP assessment (modified algorithm κ .47 vs 2016 algorithm κ: .33). No patients were incorrectly reclassified by modified algorithm assessment.ConclusionsLASr better predicts invasive LVFP than LAVI. Modification of the 2016 guideline algorithm with incorporation of LASr in place of LAVI improves accuracy of echocardiographic assessment of LVFP.