bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
En bas à gauche ?
Authors: Siblot Yasmine 
Published: January 2021

Cet article se centre sur les groupes situés « en bas, à gauche » de l’espace social et vise à caractériser les composantes scolaires, institutionnelles et professionnelles de leur capital culturel. Fondé sur une enquête ethnographique menée en banlieue parisienne, il propose une analyse centrée sur un groupe professionnel : les agentes des écoles (« agentes d’entretien et de restauration » et « agentes territoriales spécialisées des écoles maternelles »). La démarche adoptée consiste à mener l’analyse de leurs rapports à « l’école » et à « l’État » (c’est-à-dire aux institutions publiques) en observant leurs pratiques et discours à partir de l’espace de travail que constituent pour elles les écoles. La socialisation statutaire et professionnelle de ces agentes comporte une dimension culturelle et symbolique qui les situe bien « en bas, à gauche » de l’espace social, y compris pour les moins scolarisées (comme le montre sur ce terrain le cas d’agentes portugaises). Néanmoins, le capital culturel de ces fractions des classes populaires ne se confond pas avec des ressources scolaires, il recouvre également des ressources institutionnelles et professionnelles. Enfin, du fait de la diversité des trajectoires qui conduisent à ces emplois peu qualifiés du public et de l’importance de la précarité en leur sein, elle s’accompagne d’une hétérogénéité de positionnements moraux et politiques.
From Blackwell Dominance in Large Samples to Rényi Divergences and Back Again
Authors: Mu Xiaosheng , Pomatto Luciano , Strack Philipp , Tamuz Omer 
Published: January 2021

We study repeated independent Blackwell experiments; standard examples include drawing multiple samples from a population, or performing a measurement in different locations. In the baseline setting of a binary state of nature, we compare experiments in terms of their informativeness in large samples. Addressing a question due to Blackwell (1951), we show that generically an experiment is more informative than another in large samples if and only if it has higher Rényi divergences.We apply our analysis to the problem of measuring the degree of dissimilarity between distributions by means of divergences. A useful property of Rényi divergences is their additivity with respect to product distributions. Our characterization of Blackwell dominance in large samples implies that every additive divergence that satisfies the data processing inequality is an integral of Rényi divergences.
Impact of Technologies During COVID-19 Pandemic for Improving Behavior Intention to Use E-learning
Authors: Tawafak Ragad M. , ALFarsi Ghaliya Muslem , Jabbar Jasiya , Iqbal Malik Sohail , Mathew Roy , AlSidiri Abir , Shakir Mohanaad , Romli Awanis 
Published: January 2021

This comprehensive study to review the technology impact during the COVID-19 pandemic that elucidates the overarching of technology usage to technology enhanced learning which assisted to enhance the behavior intention to use technologies among undergraduates. Recently, higher education institutions suffer from the impact of using emerging technologies with electronic learning during COVID-19 pandemic for improving student academic performance in higher educational institution. The main purpose in this study is to determine the impact of technology enhanced learning that allow the students to emerge technologies and software's to develop their skill and improve their academic performance. The method should influence critical instructions in the way of online learning through the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that the unique features of TEL spur and encourage the behavior intention to use e-learning. Additionally, social learning, perceived deterrents, and internal controls contribute to behaviors.
De la mobilité des paysans tharu et de leurs chefs
Authors: Krauskopff Gisèle 
Published: January 2021

En 1978, Sagant consacra un article pionnier à « l’ampleur et à la profondeur historique des migrations népalaises » qui met en relief l’oppression de la nouvelle administration népalaise et le rôle de la colonisation britannique de l’Inde dans l’intensification des migrations au début du xixe siècle. La pertinence de cette analyse générale est illustrée par l’histoire d’un mouvement de migration massif de paysans tharu, des terres sous tutelle d’un petit état himalayen vers des régions devenues britanniques en 1805. Je traite ici de la mobilité des paysans tharu du Terai, région frontière sous exploitée qui connut à cette époque un bouleversement radical avec l’ingérence des Britanniques et la fixation d’une frontière internationale entre deux nouveaux États-nations. Ma contribution s’inscrit dans une approche plus générale du rôle de la mobilité paysanne dans les formations sociales et des contradictions engendrées par l’instauration de territoires sous contrôle de l’état. Ces données éclairent l’organisation sociale tharu — l’importance de la résidence commune, des grandes maisons et des groupements de maisons (villages), fondés sur l’exploitation nécessairement collective d’une terre pionnière —, et le non-attachement au sol des paysans tharu, plus encore, le refus d’un tel attachement pour échapper au paiement de l’impôt et résister à l’emprise de l’État. Sagant insista sur le rôle déterminant joué par les chefs locaux dans l’intensification des migrations. Les chefs tharu ne font pas exception : un corpus d’archives (1726-1840) sur une lignée tharu montre l’évolution du statut d’un de ces chefs et la rupture provoquée par l’emprise de l’administration centrale et l’émergence des États-nations.
« À qui appartenait la terre ? » dans le royaume hindou du Népal
Authors: Gaborieau Marc 
Published: January 2021

Revenant sur ses discussions avec Philippe Sagant, et se fondant à la fois sur des sources textuelles (juridiques et administratives) et des observations de terrain, Marc Gaborieau étudie la nature et les limites des droits de propriété sur la terre dans le royaume hindou du Népal jusque dans la seconde moitié du xxe siècle. C’est un jeu complexe entre trois protagonistes : les sujets qui habitent et exploitent la terre, le pouvoir royal et son administration qui autorisent et réglementent leur accès à cette terre et, enfin et surtout, les dieux qui en sont les maîtres premiers et éminents auxquels le roi lui-même est soumis. Dans cette lutte inégale pour l’accès à la terre, comme pour l’accès aux femmes, ce sont toujours les dieux qui gardent la haute main : les humains, roi comme sujets, passent toujours après eux et n’ont que des restes.
Association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain and the risk of preeclampsia
Authors: Ulhaq Renata Alya , Anis Wahyul , Fatmaningrum Widati , Akbar Muhammad Ilham Aldika 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy and gestational weight gain throughout pregnancy with the incidence of preeclampsia.

Methods:
This was a systematic review-meta analysis of literature collected from three e-databases: Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct. Quality assessment was measured with the Effective Public Health Practice Project methods. Meta-analysis was done by calculating the fixed and random-effects of odds ratio (OR) for each BMI category and gestational weight gain as compared with the incidence of preeclampsia.

Results:
Overweight was associated with a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia (OR=2.152, 95% CI 1.363-3.400; P=0.001). Obesity was also associated with a noticeably increased risk of preeclampsia (OR=2.856, 95% CI 1.755-4.649; P<0.001). Meanwhile, underweight was associated with a significantly reduced risk of preeclampsia (OR=0.639, 95% CI 0.500-0.817; P<0.001) when compared with normal BMI. Pregnant women who gained weight below the standard throughout pregnancy was a protective factor from preeclampsia (OR=0.813, 95% CI 0.610-1.083; P=0.157) whereas pregnant women who gained weight above the standard had almost doubled risk of preeclampsia (OR=1.850, 95% CI 1.377-2.485; P<0.001).

Conclusions:
The result of this study affirms the role of overweight-obesity pre-pregnancy, and gestational weight gain above the standard during pregnancy as significant risk factors for developing preeclampsia.
Ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica ameliorates ovarian defects through phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibition in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Patel Shraddha V. , Maru Harsh , Chavda Vishal K. , Shah Jigar N. , Patel Snehal S. 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To assess the therapeutic potential of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta (A.) indica in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods:
Thirty-five prepubertal female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups with 7 animals in each group. Group 1 received 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose orally. Groups 2 to 5 received testosterone propionate (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) dissolved in olive oil daily for 42 days to induce PCOS. In addition, group 3 was administered with A. indica extract (100 mg/kg, 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose orally) from the 7th to 12th week, group 4 received quercetin (100 mg/kg, 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose orally) and group 5 received wartmannin (100 mg/kg, 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose orally). At the end of treatment, blood was collected for biochemical evaluation. Total follicular count and uterus corpus luteum count followed by PI3K gene expression in the ovary and uterus were evaluated.

Results:
The ethanolic extracts of A. indica significantly reduced body weight, ovary weight and uterus weight of rats. Extracts of A. indica also significantly increased the levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, insulin, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone. Treatment also reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant parameters in the liver homogenates of PCOS-induced rats. Histological examination of the ovary and uterus confirmed PCOS occurrence and remission state in the PCOS-induced and treated groups, respectively. Moreover, A. indica and quercetin significantly downregulated PI3K gene expression. Histopathological results of the ovary and uterus also proved the protective role of A. indica.

Conclusions:

A. indica leaf extract has beneficial effects in the treatment of PCOS by downregulation of PI3K gene expression.
Photocatalytic degradation efficiency of azo dye in aqueous phase using different photo catalysts
Authors: Abd Alrazzak N. , T. Saad S. , Y. Al-gubury H. , M. Kareem M. , M. Assi M. 
Published: January 2021

The new azo dye [4-(4-hydroxy-2-methylnaphthyl)diazenyl]benzoic acid was synthesized by the reaction of 2-methyl-1-naphthol with p-amino benzoic acid. The photcatalytic degradation of azo dye has been investigated by using zinc oxide and cadmium sulfide. This degradation was carried out by the irradiation of aqueous suspended solutions containing different concentrations of this dye using 0.11 g/100 mL of metal oxide (semiconductors) ZnO and CdS. A mercury lamp 125 W in a Pyrex photoreaction cell of 100 mL at room temperature was used as an irradiation source. The effect of the catalyst on the photocatalytic degradation of the prepared dye was studied via several experiments at different conditions, where they involve the effect of the catalyst mass and the effect of the dye concentrations. The irradiated solutions were studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It has been the performance of photocatalytic system that using ZnO was observed to be better than cadmium sulfide system for degrade the azo compound from its aqueous solution.

KEY WORDS: Photocatalytic, Degradation, Semiconductors, Zinc oxide; Cadmium sulphide, Azo dye

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(3), 463-469.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i3.3
Nicotine metal complexes: synthesis, characterization and bioactivities of some main group and some transition metals
Authors: S. Awwad N. , A. Ibrahium H. , A. Shati A. , Y. Alfaifi M. , H. Ju Y. , E. Fazary A. 
Published: January 2021

A number of some main group and transition metal nicotine complexes were synthesized and fully characterized using detailed structural and spectroscopic analysis techniques such as elemental analysis, molar conductivities, magnetic susceptibilities, IR, Raman and NMR techniques. Moreover, scanning electron micrographs and thermogravimetric analyses were also done. Cytotoxic activities of the binary nicotine metal complexes were tested and evaluated against HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), HPC3 (human prostate cancer), and HCT116 (human colorectal carcinoma) tumor cell lines. The antioxidant activities were examined by free radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized complexes were evaluated against Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) microbes. The relationship between the chemical structure of the synthesized complexes and their biological influence as antimicrobial drugs was studied and evaluated.

KEY WORDS: Nicotine metal complexes, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(3), 501-521.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i3.7
Effect of diagnostic ultrasound on corneal apoptosis in rats
Authors: Liu Cong , Yu Xin , Kou Yun 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of diagnostic ultrasound on corneal apoptosis in rats.Methods: 24 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, 10, 20 and 30 min group. The eyeballs of rats were irradiated continuously for different time lengths by Siemens ACUSON S2000 color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument. 24 hours later, the animals were killed and the corneas were taken for Tunel apoptosis detection. The apoptosis rates of corneal epithelial cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells were calculated.Results: Apoptotic cells were detected in corneal epithelial cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells of normal rats. There was no significant difference between the 10 min group and the control group (P>0.05). The apoptosis rate of 20 min and 30 min groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. With the extension of irradiation time, the apoptosis rate of corneal epithelial cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells increased.Conclusion: 20 min of rat eyeball irradiated by diagnostic ultrasound can increase the apoptosis of corneal cells, and the apoptosis is aggravated with the prolongation of ultrasound irradiation time.
Keywords: Cornea; Ultrasonography; Apoptosis; Epithelial cells
TỐC ĐỘ RÃ TỰ PHÁT VÀ ĐỘ DỊCH MỨC NĂNG LƯỢNG CỦA MỘT NGUYÊN TỬ HAI MỨC KHI CÓ MẶT KHỐI TRỤ VẬT CHẤT NHIỀU LỚP
Authors: MINH HIẾN TRẦN 
Published: January 2021

Chúng tôi khảo sát tốc độ rã tự phát của một nguyên tử hai mức bị kích thích được đặt trên trục đối xứng của một khối trụ điện môi phân lớp. Ba cấu hình được xem xét: khối trụ ba lớp và bốn lớp được tạo nên bởi chất điện môi dạng Drude-Lorentz, dạng vùng cấm-Lorentz, và dạng gương phản xạ Bragg. Kết quả cho thấy, nếu tần số chuyển mức nguyên tử, rơi vào vùng cấm của môi trường tạo nên các lớp của khối trụ, nguyên tử có thể bị giữ ở trạng thái kích thích. Bên cạnh đó, tốc độ rã được tăng cường rất mạnh ở vùng tần số về phía hai bên của vùng cấm. Dịch chuyển Lamb cũng được xem xét trong bài báo này
From conceptual model to implementation model Piloting a multi-level case study in Cameroon.
Authors: Kameni Eric , Van Der Weide Theo , De Groot W. T. 
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the application of a Multi-Level Agent Based Model technology through a Natural Model based Design in Context (NMDC) to describe and model a class of environ-mental problems. NMDC allow training domain expert to design a conceptual model for a concrete environmental problem. This model describes the underlying application domain in terms of environmental concepts and neither requires specific technical skills nor involves implementation details. We show how the associated TiC (Tool-in-Context) develop through NMDC can help the domain expert to describe in semi-natural (specific) language the environmental problem. This description is the basis for TiC to generate a simulation tool. On the base of this, we transform the specific language to NetLogo agent based code, thereby facilitating an early prototype application to be used by the domain expert. Finally, we applied this approach to explain and analyze the process of deforestation around the Laf Forest Reserve and discuss the prototype resulting from our approach.
Cet article présente une application de l’approche de modélisation multi-échelle à base d’agent en s’appuyant sur un modèle spéciﬁque (NMDC) pour décrire et modéliser une classe de problèmes environnementaux. Le modèle NMDC permet à l’expert du domaine de décrire le domaine d’application sous-jacent en termes de concepts environnementaux et ne nécessite pas de compétences techniques spéciﬁques, ni de détails de mise en oeuvre. Nous montrons comment l’outil TiC (Tool-in-Context) associé développé à partir du modèle NMDC peut aider l’expert du domaine à décrire dans un langage naturel (spécifique) le problème environnemental. Cette description est la base pour l’outil TiC de générer un outil de simulation. A travers cet outil, nous transformons le langage spécifique en code multi-agents NetLogo, facilitant ainsi un premier prototype de l’application pouvant être utilisé par l’expert de domaine. Enfin, nous appliquons cette approche pour expliquer et analyser le processus de déforestation autour de la réserve forestière de Laf et discuter du prototype résultant de notre approche.
Topological asymptotic formula for the 3D non-stationary Stokes problem and application
Authors: Hassine Maatoug , Malek Rakia 
Published: January 2021

This paper is concerned with a topological asymptotic expansion for a parabolic operator. We consider the three dimensional non-stationary Stokes system as a model problem and we derive a sensitivity analysis with respect to the creation of a small Dirich-let geometric perturbation. The established asymptotic expansion valid for a large class of shape functions. The proposed analysis is based on a preliminary estimate describing the velocity field perturbation caused by the presence of a small obstacle in the fluid flow domain. The obtained theoretical results are used to built a fast and accurate detection algorithm. Some numerical examples issued from a lake oxygenation problem show the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Ce papier porte sur l'analyse de sensibilité topologique pour un opérateur parabolique. On considère le problème de Stokes instationnaire comme un exemple de modèle et on donne une étude de sensibilité décrivant le comportement asymptotique de l'opérateur relativement à une petite perturbation géométrique du domaine. L'analyse présentée est basée sur une estimation du champ de vitesse calculée dans le domaine perturbé. Les résultats de cette étude ont servi de base pour développer un algorithme d'identification géométrique. Pour la validation de notre approche, on donne une étude numérique pour un problème d'optimisation d'emplacement des injecteurs dans un lac eutrophe. Des exemples numériques montrent l'efficacité de la méthode proposée
Iman Orang Percaya dalam Menghadapi Tantangan dan Pergumulan Hidup
Authors: Gea Yanti Imariani 
Published: January 2021

Faith is an attitude of heart and obedience that is full of confidence in God's Word in any situation and condition. This paper focuses on the faith of believers when facing life's challenges and struggles, both internal and external. And how they face calmly, relying on God so that in the end he will rise from the challenges and struggles and will experience victory with God. Therefore, if every believer has true faith, the believer will live and live his days without fear, worry, anxiety, in facing various challenges and struggles in life. This paper is described based on the facts that exist and use the Bible and other literature relating to the problem as a source of writing.

Abstrak
Iman adalah sikap hati dan ketaatan yang penuh keyakinan kepada Firman Allah dalam situasi dan kondisi apapun. Tulisan ini fokus kepada iman orang percaya saat menghadapi tantangan dan pergumulan hidup, baik bersifat internal maupun bersifat eksternal. Dan bagaimana mereka menghadapi dengan tenang, mengandalkan Tuhan sehingga pada akhirnya akan bangkit dari tantangan dan pergumulan tersebut dan akan mengalami kemenangan bersama Tuhan. Oleh karena itu, apabila setiap orang percaya memiliki iman yang sungguh sungguh, maka orang percaya akan hidup dan menjalani hari-hari dengan tidak takut, kuatir, cemas, dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan dan pergumulan hidup. Tulisan ini diuraikan berdasarkan kenyataan yang ada dan menggunakan Alkitab serta literatur lain yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan sebagai sumber penulisan.
Iman Yang Bertumbuh Melalui Keteladanan Hamba Tuahan
Authors: Zebua Arniman 
Published: January 2021

The servant of God is an instrument in God's hands to bring God's people to grow in faith. The faith growth of the church is very important because, it can bring God's people to be able to survive in the problems of life that is experienced. For that, The servant of God needs to understand their duty and function. The servant of God, in the midst of the church is tasked as a counselor, preacher, role model, leader and agent of change. These four tasks are like links that cannot be separated. So, The servant of God cannot ignore one another.

Abstrak
Hamba Tuhan adalah alat di tangan Tuhan untuk membawa umat Tuhan hidup bertumbuh dalam iman. Pertumbuhan iman jemaat sangatlah penting karena, hal itu dapat membawa umat Tuhan untuk bisa bertahan dalam persoalan hidup yang dialami. Untuk itu, hamba Tuhan perlu memahami tugas dan fungsinya. Hamba Tuhan di tengah jemaat bertugas untuk menjadi konselor, pengkhotbah, teladan, pemimpin dan agen perubahan. Keempat tugas ini ibarat mata rantai yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Jadi, hamba Tuhan tidak bisa mengabaikan satu dengan yang lainnya.