bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visões antagônicas sobre o ideário da Liga Internacional pela Educação Nova em dois manuais de História da Educação publicados no Brasil na década de 1930
Authors: Gatti Junior Deccio 
Published: July 2021

Abordamos a forma como experiências e ideias de educadores vinculados à Liga Internacional pela Educação Nova foram tomadas em dois importantes manuais de História da Educação publicados no Brasil na década de 1930. O primeiro, Noções de História da Educação, de Afrânio Peixoto, em 1933; o segundo, Educação. História da Educação. Problemas Actuaes, das Madres Peeters e Cooman, em 1937. Em ambos, sob perspectivas antagônicas, há intensa presença da temática da Educação Nova, o que se vinculava, de um lado, ao esforço de construir uma República democrática, por meio de reformas educacionais e, de outro, à busca da manutenção da relevância católica na sociedade brasileira. Em um ponto, porém, a narrativa de ambos os manuais converge -na objeção, por razões diferentes-, as iniciativas educacionais da Rússia soviética. Conclui-se pela centralidade adquirida pelo movimento internacional da Educação Nova nos debates educacionais brasileiros das primeiras décadas do Século XX.
La educación en Asturias. Estudios históricos
Authors: Malheiro Xosé Manuel 
Published: July 2021

Este repertorio bibliográfico compila un conxunto de doce textos escritos por investigadores procedentes do campo de historia e a historia de educación, con tratamentos académicos diferentes, os cales coinciden en profundar na análise educativa das prácticas culturais que se desenvolveron no Principado de Asturias, principalmente relacionado cos procesos de alfabetización e educación, examinado nalgúns das súas varias facetas e manifestations ao longo dun traxecto temporal que supera o milenio.
Bractwa w kościołach franciszkańskich w Polsce w okresie potrydenckim (XVI-XVIII wiek)
Authors: Mączka Adam 
Published: July 2021

W XVI wieku równocześnie z odgórną reformą trydencką rozwijał się nurt religijności tradycyjnej. Dynamizm tego nurtu religijności ludowej miał swoje źródło w późnośredniowiecznym procesie głębszego przenikania chrześcijaństwa do świadomości i życia ogółu społeczeństwa. Wyrazem tego nurtu religijnego były bractwa, które stały się jedną z form odrodzenia katolickiego w Polsce po Soborze Trydenckim. Sobór Trydencki podkreślił zasadniczą więź organizacyjną bractw z Kościołem i wyszczególnił ich specyfikę oraz poddał je bezpośredniej jurysdykcji Stolicy Apostolskiej i biskupa ordynariusza miejsca. Cechą charakterystyczną bractw była ich uniwersalność i wszechstanowość; rekrutacja członków dokonywała się z ludzi różnych stanów i zawodów.
Zakonnicy św. Franciszka w okresie potrydenckim poszerzyli teren swojego oddziaływania społeczno-religijnego, konsolidując przy swoich świątyniach trzy nowe, popularne, bractwa kościelne. Odzwierciedleniem tej sytuacji była świątynia franciszkańska w Krakowie, przy której powstały w XVI/XVII wieku trzy typowe dla franciszkanów bractwa: Paska św. Franciszka (1587 r.), Męki Pańskiej (1595 r.), Św. Antoniego (1664 r.). Bractwa były objęte kierownictwem duchowym zakonników franciszkańskich, korzystały z licznych przywilejów i odpustów, o które starali się zakonnicy. Działalność bractw przy kościołach franciszkańskich była charakterystycznym zjawiskiem katolickiej odnowy po Soborze Trydenckim. Franciszkanie, obok innych zakonów mendykanckich, wpisali się w ten nurt w sposób imponujący, bowiem dzięki ich zaangażowaniu i pracy integracja grup społecznych na poziomie religijnym, duchowym, kulturowym i charytatywnym przyczyniła się do odnowy Kościoła i społeczeństwa polskiego.
STRESS AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS AND ONLINE RISKY BEHAVIORS IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Velki Tena , Milić Marija 
Published: July 2021

Objective: the aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of stress in associations between online risky behavior and three factors, namely, real-life risky behaviors and information security awareness as risk factors, and life satisfaction as a protective factor. Method: participants were university students (N=883, 40.5% male, and 59.5% female) with an average age of M=21.93 years (SD=4.29). They filled out the Users’ Information Security Awareness Questionnaire, Youth self-reported delinquency and risk behaviors questionnaire, Life satisfaction scale and Perceived Stress Scale. Result: Mediational analysis revealed a mediating role of stress: stress had a partially mediating role in the association between real-life risky behaviors and online risky behavior, making the association stronger. However, stress had a fully mediating role in the association between life satisfaction and online risky behavior, that is, the association was non-significant in the presence of stress. Conclusions: Overall results indicate that stress experienced in real-life situations can be a trigger for online risky behavior in adolescents. Under stressed conditions, adolescents choose to focus on negative outcomes more frequently because they refocus their cognitive resources on emotion regulation and leave inhibitory processes necessary to prevent risky behaviors uncontrolled.
Process Improvement of Waste Collection, Materials Recycling and Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Wu Haishang 
Published: July 2021

With the advancement of technologies and sustainability awareness, sustainable manufacturing has formed a trend and transformation in manufacturing industry is becoming inevitable. In order to cope with the manufacturing transformation, this study proposes a collection-recycling-manufacturing (CRM) model to envision the process simulation as well as the process improvements.
In this transformation, reduction of materials, cost, transportation and energy, and elimination of CO2 emission are the objectives, and innovation is the key to drive the solutions into a concrete foundation. By applying simulation techniques in the optimization of recycling facility management, this study produces generic formula in Materials Recycling Facilities (MRF) topology design and transportation distance calculation. The formula is expected to predict operation through an optimization of MRF counts at the cost of transportation, energy consumption, and CO2 emission. This study also proposes solutions to fill-in the gap of Additive Manufacturing (AM) before becoming the industry mainstream.
This study suggests an expansion of materials recycling coverage, and take full advantages of AM to penetrate market. Meanwhile, it identifies AM limitations supported by enhancement plan to streamline the transformation and to support sustainable manufacturing.
Improving the wear resistance of steel products by using non-standard heat treatment modes. Foundryproductionandmetallurgy
Authors: Berdiev D. M. , Yusupov A. A. 
Published: July 2021

The use of non-standard modes of heat treatment increases the density of dislocations in the crystal structure of the α-phase and increases the wear resistance of carbon, low-alloy steels under various friction conditions, which is comparable to the results when heated to a standard temperature (Ac3 + 30–50 °C). The preliminary extreme heating temperature is determined. After requenching at standard temperature and low tempering, the wear resistance of steels under various types of friction increases by up to 40 % compared to standard quenching.
Relativity: photon
Authors: Sazonenko I. O. , Sapon V. I. 
Published: July 2021

For the case of interaction of polarized light with an analyzer (a polarizing device), an experimental scheme based on the Feynman idea of path integrals is proposed. Real and virtual photons are considered in the context of the Lenz rule (in terms of constructive and destructive induction). The Planck formula for the photon energy in the format of a verbal description is considered. The complexity of identifying the wave description of the photon with the ideas of the Ancient Greeks about elementary particles is shown. From the point of view of chronogeometry, it is shown that the stationary observer does not exist at the point of intersection of the cone of the past and the future, but in the time interval separating these regions. It is proposed to consider the fluctuations of the physical vacuum as a relic of the process of permanent inflation according to Linde. Based on the assumption of the self-measurement of the Universe, the quantum Zeno effect, and Hawking’s idea of the Universe being a quantum object with the Nth sum of Feynman stories, it is assumed that the history of the Universe is deterministic. From the perspective of the orthogonality of the electromagnetic field vectors E and B, the Heisenberg equation of the form Δp × Δx = ħ/2 is considered. A thought experiment is considered showing the complexity in describing the interaction of a photon with an electron of an atom from the point of view of the classical interaction of an electromagnetic wave with an antenna device. It is proposed to consider the absorption of a photon by an electron as its inertial collapse on an atom.
Analysis of methods for obtaining zinc-containing coatings using hot-dip galvanizing production waste
Authors: Urbanovich N. I. , Baranovsky K. E. , Rozenberg E. V. , Ashuiko V. A. , Matys V. G. , Volosyuk V. F. , Pecherskiy A. F. 
Published: July 2021

The article presents the waste generated during the production of hot-dip galvanizing. The analysis of the proposed methods of using these wastes in the production of zinc-containing coatings is carried out. It is shown that hard zinc can be successfully used in the compositions of saturating mixtures during thermal diffusion galvanizing of steel products and obtain high-quality coatings. The disadvantages include the need for grinding hard zinc.The dispersed waste of hot-dip galvanizing production, which is formed as a result of blowing pipes with superheated steam, can be used as a cheap substitute for expensive zinc powder in the compositions of zinc-filled paints. For paints, a fraction of 2–15 microns is used, which is 27 % of the total fractional composition. Therefore, in order to use a wider range of values of the fractional composition of dispersed waste to obtain zinc coatings and thus ensure the recycling of zinc into industrial circulation, the authors of this article plan to optimize and develop the compositions of powder compositions and the technology of thermal diffusion saturation of steel products based on zinc-containing waste.
Series of Photovoltaic Converters Based on Semiconductors with Intrinsic Photoconductivity
Authors: Vorobey R. I. , Gusev O. K. , Zharin A. L. , Pantsialeyeu K. U. , Svistun A. I. , Tyavlovsky A. K. , Tyavlovsky K. L. , Shadurskaya L. I. 
Published: July 2021

One of the ways to solve multiple problems of optical diagnostics is to use photovoltaic converters based on semiconductors with intrinsic photoconductivity slightly doped with deep impurities which form several energy levels with different charge states within the semiconductor′s bandgap. Peculiarities of physical processes of recharging these levels make it possible to construct photodetectors with different functionality based on a range of simple device structures.The aim of this work is to analyze peculiarities of conversion characteristics of single-element photovoltaic converters based on semiconductors with intrinsic photoconductivity, to systematize their properties and to represent structures of photovoltaic convertors as a device structures suitable for implementation in measurement transducers of optical diagnostics systems.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the conversion characteristics of single-element photovoltaic converters based on semiconductors with intrinsic photoconductivity and the requirements for their design, a dash series of photovoltaic converters was developed for use in the measuring transducers of optical diagnostics systems. The possibility of constructing functional measuring transducers for multiparameter measurements of optical signals is shown.
Nonlinear Pulse-Time Conversion in Radioisotope Devices: Analysis and Application Possibilities
Authors: Vodovozov A. M. 
Published: July 2021

The paper considers the operation of radioisotope measuring devices under dynamic conditions, when the Poisson pulse flux at the output of the radiation detector becomes unsteady and the nonlinearity of the calibration curve of the device, the stochasticity of the radiation signal and the inertia of the meter significantly complicate the task of estimating the measured physical parameter. of the device and analysis of the possibility of its application for linearization of the characteristics of the device, increasing the speed of the devices and solving the measuring problem in real time.The process of nonlinear transformation of the radiation signal in the system is analyzed on the basis of the assumption about the exponential distribution of the intervals between the pulses of the information flow at the output of the radiation detector. A generalized algorithm for the synthesis of a given transformation function of a time-pulse computing device of a radioisotope device has been developed according to its mathematical description. To describe the transformation function given by a set of points, it is proposed to use its approximation by a power series.The proposed calculation formulas are verified by modeling in the Scilab program on a specific example of linearization of the curve of a radioisotope altimeter with a given tabular calibration characteristic. The results obtained confirm the expediency of using time-pulse computing devices for linearizing the conversion curve of radioisotope devices in real time.Carrying out calculations according to the proposed algorithms by means of modern microelectronics opens up new possibilities for expanding the field of application of radioisotope devices in dynamic problems of industrial flaw detection, measuring the parameters of object movement, thickness of rolled products and coatings, in devices for continuous monitoring of liquid media.
Improving of Surface Quality of Metal Reflector Mirrors Machined by Single Point Diamond Turning
Authors: Gusakov G. A. , Sharonov G. V. 
Published: July 2021

Improving the technology of diamond turning of aluminum alloys is of great importance for expanding the application areas of metal-optical products based on aluminum in aerospace technology. The aim of this work was to study the effect of surface inhomogeneities of the initial aluminum alloy substrates on their optical and mechanical characteristics and to determine ways of improving the quality of aluminum reflector mirrors manufactured using nanoscale single point diamond turning. The investigated reflector mirrors were made from AMg2 aluminum alloy. The optical surface treatment was carried out on a precision turning lathe with an air bearing spindle using a special diamond cutter with a blade radius of ≤ 0.05 μm. The analysis of the surface structure of the AMg2 alloy substrates was carried out by scanning electron microscopy / electron microprobe. The quality control of the surface treatment of the manufactured reflector mirrors was carried out by atomic force microscopy. The reflectivity and radiation resistance of these samples were also investigated.It is shown that an important problem in the manufacture of optical elements from aluminum alloys is the inhomogeneity of the structure of the initial material, associated with the presence of intermetallic inclusions. Heat treatment of the AMg2 alloy substrates at T ≥ 380 °C makes it possible to improve the quality of surface and the radiation resistance of aluminum mirrors both by removing mechanical stresses and by partially homogenizing the starting material. The optimum is heat treatment at the maximum allowable temperature for the AMg2 alloy T = 540 ºС, as a result of which there is a complete disappearance of intermetallic inclusions with an increased magnesium content. The use of high-temperature heat treatment of AMg2 alloy substrates allows, in comparison with unannealed samples, to reduce the surface roughness from 1.5 to 0.55 nm, to increase the reflectivity of mirrors at a wavelength of 1064 nm from 0.89 to 0.92, and to increase the laser damage threshold from 3.5 to 5 J / cm2.
Experimental Characteristics of Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission with Internal Force Functions
Authors: Yurkevich A. V. , Tereshin A. V. , Soldatkin V. A. 
Published: July 2021

The paper proposes a new type of a mechanical continuously variable transmission with internal force functions to upgrade the energy efficiency of a vehicle equipped with a conventional engine. The prototype of the transmission is a well-known V. F. Maltsev concurrent pulse variator in which freewheel mechanism driven members are supplemented with elastic torsions shafts. It is shown that the variator turns into a continuous transformer – a mechanical continuously variable transmission with internal force functions. There is an internal automaticity and continuity in the entire range of gear ratio changes. The configuration engineering solution is implemented in the engineering prototype. The aim of the research is experimental study of the properties and characteristics of such a mechanical continuously variable transmission. The kinematic configuration and the main structural dimensions of the engineering prototype are given. Special testing facility and measuring-and-recording equipment have been developed. A set of parameters to be recorded has been specified. The accuracy of their measurement is statistically estimated. The results of the experiments are presented in terms of output and input torque dependencies on the speed of the driven shaft. It is shown that the transmission characteristics in their dimensionless form (transformer ratio and efficiency) in the function of internal gear ratio are universal. The possibility of obtaining an infinite kinematic and significant power transmission ranges by independently changing the internal link oscillation range (level of the force function) and the rotation frequency of the drive shaft has been experimentally shown. The transmission has high transforming and energy properties, which are higher than those of hydrodynamic gears.
Using Artificial Neural Networks to Determine Wear of Composite Friction Material
Authors: Liashok A. V. , Popova Yu. B. 
Published: July 2021

Sintered friction materials are widely used in friction units of automotive vehicles and special purpose vehicles. The main purpose is to transmit torque to the actuator. The development of the technology market requires the development and use of new units. At the same time, the creation of new materials is required, which also applies to sintered friction materials. This group of materials is characterized by a high service life, efficiency of torque transmission, as well as the ability to restore performance in case of violation of operating modes. One of the most significant parameters characterizing a sintered friction material is wear resistance. In most cases, it determines not only the resource of the unit itself, but the entire machine as a whole. A special place is occupied by brake units, which also use friction materials. The increased wear resistance of the friction material contributes to a decrease in the efficiency and service life of the brake system. Evaluation of the wear resistance of a friction material for the given operational parameters is a very long and costly process. The development of methodology and methods for accelerating the assessment of wear resistance is an important scientific and practical task. The paper presents the results of using artificial neural networks to predict the service life of a composite friction material based on copper on the sliding speed, pressure on the material and the amount of lubricant supplied to the friction zone. An artificial neural network has been trained using an array of experimental data for the FM-15 friction material. The training results have shown high accuracy, correctness of the proposed and implemented network architecture. The developed software has demonstrated its efficiency and the possibility of using it in calculations to determine the wear of a composite friction material.
Kinematic Characteristics of the Jiangsu Segment of the Anqiu–Juxian Fault in the Tanlu Fault Zone, Eastern China
Authors: Zhang Hao , He Zhongtai , Xu Hangang , Li Limei , Wang Jinyan , Jiang Xin , Zhao Qiguang , Yang Hao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Tancheng–Lujiang (Tanlu) fault zone is the most active fault zone in eastern China. In this zone, the Anqiu–Juxian fault represents the most recently active fault and has the clearest surface traces and the highest seismic risk. This study comprehensively analyzes the kinematic characteristics of the Jiangsu segment of the Anqiu–Juxian fault using field geological surveys, trenches, shallow seismic reflection surveys, combined borehole section exploration, and middepth seismic reflection surveys. The results show that the Jiangsu segment of the Anqiu–Juxian fault features a single branch in the bedrock outcrop area, with reverse strike-slip motion near North Maling Mountain and Chonggang Mountain and normal strike-slip motion near South Maling Mountain. The sedimentary zone features two normal strike-slip faults (east and western branches), which represent the synsedimentary boundaries of a half-graben rift basin. The kinematic process is represented by rotational movement along the strike-slip fault with a curved path. The resulting tensile and compressive stresses are accommodated by dip-slip movement at both ends of the strike-slip fault. The activity of the Jiangsu segment of the Anqiu-Juxian fault can be divided into two periods. The first period of activity occurred before the later part of the Late Pleistocene, when movement along this curved segment occurred, forming the western branch of the Xinyi segment and the eastern branch of the Suqian segment. The second period of activity started in the later part of the Late Pleistocene and continues today. It is characterized by activity on the western branch of the Xinyi segment and the western branch of the Suqian segment of the Jiangsu segment, while the eastern branch of the Xinyi segment and the eastern branch of the Suqian segment became inactive and can be considered Late Pleistocene faults. The maximum vertical slip rate of the Jiangsu segment of the Anqiu–Juxian fault since the Pleistocene has been 0.28 mm/a. The Jiangsu segment of the Anqiu–Juxian fault formed via dextral strike-slip faulting, mainly due to the southward movement of the region to the east of the fault.