bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, resilience and social justice in the COVID era
Authors: Penkler Michael , Jacob Chandni M , Müller Ruth , Kenney Martha , Norris Shane A. , da Costa Clarissa P , Richardson Sarah S. , Roseboom Tessa J. , Hanson Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has shone a spotlight on how health outcomes are unequally distributed among different population groups, with disadvantaged communities and individuals being disproportionality affected in terms of infection, morbidity and mortality, as well as vaccine access. Recently, there has been considerable debate about how social disadvantage and inequality intersect with developmental processes to result in a heightened susceptibility to environmental stressors, economic shocks and large-scale health emergencies. We argue that DOHaD Society members can make important contributions to addressing issues of inequality and improving community resilience in response to COVID-19. In order to do so, it is beneficial to engage with and adopt a social justice framework. We detail how DOHaD can align its research and policy recommendations with a social justice perspective to ensure that we contribute to improving the health of present and future generations in an equitable and socially just way.
Rapid necrosis II: physiological and molecular analysis of 2,4-D resistance in Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis)
Authors: de Queiroz Andrew R. S. , Delatorre Carla A. , Markus Catarine , Lucio Felipe R. , Angonese Paula S. , Merotto Aldo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn 2015, plants of Sumatran fleabane [Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker] were identified in a crop field with an unusual rapid necrosis herbicide symptom after application of 2,4-D. An initial study identified that the symptoms began about 2 h after herbicide application, the resistance factor was high (resistance factor = 19), and the resistance decreased at low light. The mechanism of resistance is not yet known, but the symptomatology suggests it may be related to reduced translocation, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) class B transporters, changes on auxin perception genes, or induction of genes involved in response to pathogens and abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to use inhibitors of enzymes involved in detoxification and carriers to investigate the mechanisms involved in the resistance to 2,4-D caused by rapid necrosis. Neither the inhibitors of ABC and auxin transporters, triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), 1-N-naphythylphthalamic acid (NPA), verapamil, and orthovanadate, nor the inhibitors of detoxifying enzymes, such as malathion, 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl), and imidazole, reduced the frequency of the rapid necrosis phenotype. However, orthovanadate and sodium azide (possibly related to auxin transport) were able to partially reduce oxidative stress in leaf disks. The expression of ABCM10 (an ABCD transporter gene), TIR1_1 (an auxin receptor gene), and CAT4 (an amino acid transporter gene) was quickly reduced after 2,4-D application in the resistant accession. Contrary to our hypothesis, LESION SIMULATING DISEASE RESISTANCE 1_3 (LSD1_3) expression increased in response to 2,4-D. LSD1_3 is important for the response to pathogen and abiotic stresses. The rapid necrosis mechanism is not related to 2,4-D detoxification but might be related to changes in the TIR receptor or auxin transport. Mutations in other transporters or in proteins involved in abiotic and pathogen stresses cannot be ruled out.
Properties of Saharan Dust Versus Local Urban Dust—A Case Study
Authors: Szczepanik Dominika M. , Stachlewska Iwona S. , Tetoni Eleni , Althausen Dietrich 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOn June 29–30, 2019, the Barcelona Dust Forecast Center with Non‐hydrostatic Multiscale Model (NMMB/BSC‐Dust) and the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System forecasted huge amounts of mineral dust over Poland. The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model confirmed uniquely fast (120 hr) long‐range air‐mass transport form North Africa to Poland. This remarkable dust event was observed using lidar at the Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research InfraStructure site in Warsaw, Central Poland; the only site equipped with Raman‐Mie polarization water vapor lidar in East‐Central Europe. The excellent capabilities of PollyXT lidar allowed to obtain an impressive number of 31 full sets of aerosol optical properties profiles, which enabled study of dust properties evolution on a rare hourly scale. The analyses were completed with the separation of fine and coarse mode dust particles form non‐dust particles using the POlarization‐LIdar PHOtometer Networking algorithm. Huge amount of an exceptionally pure mineral dust from Sahara measured in the free troposphere was characterized by a gradually decreasing coarse dust fraction (76%–21%) with a peak of fine dust fraction (67%) and particle linear depolarization ratio (26%) in the middle of the event. Within the boundary layer, a local urban dust mixed with pollution was observed with fine mode dust particles dominating (44%) and lower particle linear depolarization ratio (7.4%). The influx of pure mineral dust has been unique to this geographical region and will therefore be a reference point for future research and comparative studies.
Future Summer Marine Heatwaves in the Western South Atlantic
Authors: Costa Natasha V. , Rodrigues Regina R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) are periods of abnormally high ocean temperatures and their impacts threaten physical, biological, and human systems. Here, we show through different scenarios of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) that significant positive trends in frequency, duration, and cumulative intensity are identified for the western South Atlantic, leading to an almost permanent state of MHW by the end of the 21st century considering a constant baseline. We also find that the main mechanism that causes MHWs in this region, atmospheric blocking, is likely to intensify in the future. Thus, the increase in occurrence of MHWs is not just due to the direct effect of long‐term warming. Moreover, the largest trends occur during 2021–2050, and not during 2071–2100. This has important implications for marine ecosystems and the ocean ability of absorbing heat and CO2, underlying the urgency for a global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
Varying Partitioning of Surface Turbulent Fluxes Regulates Temperature‐Humidity Dissimilarity in the Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Liu Cheng , Liu Heping , Huang Jianping , Xiao Hongwei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExperimental evidence shows that temperature‐humidity () similarity in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) is reduced as Bowen ratio () increases over land. However, underlying physical mechanisms remain not well understood. With large‐eddy simulations, dissimilarity is investigated in the steady‐state, convective boundary layer (CBL) over homogeneous landscape with varying . As increases from 0.4 to 2.0, the entrainment ratio for slightly decreases but that for q largely increases. As a result, local production of humidity variance is substantially enhanced in the upper CBL and transported to the lower CBL by vigorous large eddies, contributing significantly to nonlocal fraction. However, the increased temperature variance in the ASL associated with strong heat flux is larger than that transported from the upper CBL. Such asymmetry in vertical diffusion induced by varying partitioning of surface fluxes strongly regulates dissimilarity even under perfect conditions valid for Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory.
Deep Learning Estimation of Daily Ground‐Level NO2 Concentrations From Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Ghahremanloo Masoud , Lops Yannic , Choi Yunsoo , Yeganeh Bijan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe limited number of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) surface measurements calls for the development of highly accurate approaches to estimating surface NO2 concentrations. In this study, we leverage a new satellite instrument, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), along with other predictor variables, to estimate daily surface NO2 concentrations over Texas in 2019. We use the deep convolutional neural network (Deep‐CNN), an advanced deep learning algorithm, to obtain estimates and achieve a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.91, an index of agreement (IOA) of 0.95, and a mean absolute bias (MAB) of 1.75 ppb in surface NO2 estimation. Additionally, we leverage a novel approach, shapley additive explanations (SHAP), to describe how Deep‐CNN understands each predictor variable. The SHAP results show that the Deep‐CNN model has an advanced understanding of the data set, revealing that TROPOMI closely captures levels of NO2. In addition, we show the superiority of our Deep‐CNN model at estimating surface NO2 over other well‐known machine learning and regression models in the field, including the support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), and multiple linear regression (MLR). Although SVM and RF show strong capabilities at estimating surface NO2 concentrations, their accuracy is inferior to that of the Deep‐CNN model, ranking second and third in model accuracy in this study. The MLR, however, shows a poor ability at NO2 estimation and ranks last among all models. Testing the impact of sample size on model performance, we also show that, compared to other models, Deep‐CNN needs more samples to trigger its strength at surface NO2 estimation.
Impact of Unmitigated HFC Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone at the End of the 21st Century as Simulated by Chemistry‐Climate Models
Authors: Dupuy Eric , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Yamashita Yousuke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have been increasingly replacing chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons. Although their direct chemical ozone‐depleting potential is negligible, as potent greenhouse gases they modify atmospheric temperature and circulation patterns, thereby indirectly influencing stratospheric ozone recovery. Measurements and model projections must continue to evaluate HFC limitation measures and assess the long‐term impact of HFCs on the atmospheric radiation budget and stratospheric ozone. In this study, we present multi‐member ensemble simulations designed to estimate the impact of HFCs on stratospheric temperature, ozone and circulation changes at the end of the century. We compared simulations with and without HFCs for two three‐dimensional chemistry‐climate models that use the same chemistry module but different physical schemes. At low and mid‐latitudes, temperature and ozone responses were comparable for both models and in general agreement with previous studies. HFCs induced a marked temperature increase up to about 10–20 hPa and vertically alternating positive and negative ozone anomalies. We explained this pattern by competing effects of vertical motion (low and middle stratosphere) and temperature (upper stratosphere) anomalies. At northern high latitudes, there were strong discrepancies with previous studies and between the models themselves, attributed to differences in ozone anomalies caused by wave activity during winter. Quantitatively, we found a net positive, but small, HFC impact on total ozone amounts. Largest anomalies were less than 1% in the winter polar stratosphere. Our results indicate that increasing HFC amounts will likely have a limited impact on stratospheric ozone recovery within this century, with large uncertainty in the polar regions.
Effects of Hydrogen on the Phase Relations in Fe‐FeS at Pressures of Mars‐Sized Bodies
Authors: Piet H. , Leinenweber K. , Greenberg E. , Prakapenka V. B. , Shim S.‐H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe large radius, and therefore low density, of the Martian core found in the InSight mission data analysis highlights the importance of considering other light elements besides sulfur (S), which has been considered as the main light element for Mars for decades. Hydrogen (H) is abundant in the solar system and becomes siderophile at high pressures. Although Fe‐S and Fe‐H systems have been studied individually, the Fe‐S‐H ternary system has only been investigated up to 16 GPa and 1723 K. We have investigated the Fe‐S‐H system at pressures and temperatures (P‐T) relevant to the cores of Mars‐sized planets (up to 45 GPa and well above the melting temperature of FeS) in the laser‐heated diamond anvil cell combined with in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. We found that sufficient hydrogen leads to the disappearance of Fe3S at high P‐T. Instead, separate Fe‐H and Fe‐S phases appear at 23–35 GPa. At pressures above 35 GPa, we found a new phase appearing while Fe‐S phases disappear and Fe‐H phases remain. Our analysis indicates that the new phase likely contains both S and H in the crystal structure (tentatively FeSxHy where x ≈ 1 and y ≈ 1). The observed pressure‐dependent changes in the phase relation may be important for understanding the structure and dynamics of the Martian core and the cores of Mars‐sized exoplanets.
Inhibition of the RacGEF VAV3 by the small molecule IODVA1 impedes RAC signaling and overcomes resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibition in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hegde Shailaja , Gasilina Anjelika , Wunderlich Mark , Lin Yuan , Buchholzer Marcel , Krumbach Oliver H. F. , Akbarzadeh Mohammad , Ahmadian Mohammad Reza , Seibel William , Zheng Yi , Perentesis John P. , Mizukawa Benjamin E. , Vinnedge Lisa Privette , Cancelas José A. , Nassar Nicolas N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAberrant RHO guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) activation is chief mechanism driving abnormal activation of their GTPase targets in transformation and tumorigenesis. Consequently, a small-molecule inhibitor of RhoGEF can make an anti-cancer drug. We used cellular, mouse, and humanized models of RAC-dependent BCR-ABL1-driven and Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia to identify VAV3, a tyrosine phosphorylation–dependent RacGEF, as the target of the small molecule IODVA1. We show that through binding to VAV3, IODVA1 inhibits RAC activation and signaling and increases pro-apoptotic activity in BCR-ABL1-transformed cells. Consistent with this mechanism of action, cellular and animal models of BCR-ABL1-induced leukemia in Vav3-null background do not respond to IODVA1. By durably decreasing in vivo RAC signaling, IODVA1 eradicates leukemic propagating activity of TKI-resistant BCR-ABL1(T315I) B-ALL cells after treatment withdrawal. Importantly, IODVA1 suppresses the leukemic burden in the treatment refractory pediatric Ph+ and TKI-resistant Ph+ B-ALL patient-derived xenograft models better than standard-of-care dasatinib or ponatinib and provides a more durable response after treatment withdrawal. Pediatric leukemia samples with diverse genetic lesions show high sensitivity to IODVA1 ex vivo and this sensitivity is VAV3 dependent. IODVA1 thus spearheads a novel class of drugs that inhibits a RacGEF and holds promise as an anti-tumor therapy.
Shrinking multiplexed orbital angular momentum to the nanoscale
Authors: He Chao , Shen Yijie , Forbes Andrew , Booth Martin J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrbital angular momentum interactions at the nanoscale have remained elusive because the phase structure becomes unresolved. Now researchers have shown how to overcome this with tightly focused beams, demonstrating a record-high six-dimensional encoding in an ultra-dense nanoscale volume.
Networks of worry—towards a connectivity-based signature of late-life worry using higher criticism
Authors: Gerlach Andrew R. , Karim Helmet T. , Kazan Joseph , Aizenstein Howard J. , Krafty Robert T. , Andreescu Carmen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSevere worry is a complex transdiagnostic phenotype independently associated with increased morbidity, including cognitive impairment and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the neurobiological basis of worry in older adults by analyzing resting state fMRI using a large-scale network-based approach. We collected resting fMRI on 77 participants (>50 years old) with varying worry severity. We computed region-wise connectivity across the default mode network (DMN), anterior salience network, and left executive control network. All 22,366 correlations were regressed on worry severity and adjusted for age, sex, race, education, disease burden, depression, anxiety, rumination, and neuroticism. We employed higher criticism, a second-level method of significance testing for rare and weak features, to reveal the functional connectivity patterns associated with worry. The analysis suggests that worry has a complex, yet distinct signature associated with resting state functional connectivity. Intra-connectivities and inter-connectivities of the DMN comprise the dominant contribution. The anterior cingulate, temporal lobe, and thalamus are heavily represented with overwhelmingly negative association with worry. The prefrontal regions are also strongly represented with a mix of positive and negative associations with worry. Identifying the most salient connections may be useful for targeted interventions for reducing morbidity associated with severe worry in older adults.
Diversity of cell death signaling pathways in macrophages upon infection with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)
Authors: Klaas Lioba , Vier Juliane , Gentle Ian E. , Häcker Georg , Kirschnek Susanne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRegulated cell death frequently occurs upon infection by intracellular pathogens, and extent and regulation is often cell-type-specific. We aimed to identify the cell death-signaling pathways triggered in macrophages by infection with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), an attenuated strain of vaccinia virus used in vaccination. While most target cells seem to be protected by antiapoptotic proteins encoded in the MVA genome, macrophages die when infected with MVA. We targeted key signaling components of specific cell death-pathways and pattern recognition-pathways using genome editing and small molecule inhibitors in an in vitro murine macrophage differentiation model. Upon infection with MVA, we observed activation of mitochondrial and death-receptor-induced apoptosis-pathways as well as the necroptosis-pathway. Inhibition of individual pathways had a little protective effect but led to compensatory death through the other pathways. In the absence of mitochondrial apoptosis, autocrine/paracrine TNF-mediated apoptosis and, in the absence of caspase-activity, necroptosis occurred. TNF-induction depended on the signaling molecule STING, and MAVS and ZBP1 contributed to MVA-induced apoptosis. The mode of cell death had a substantial impact on the cytokine response of infected cells, indicating that the immunogenicity of a virus may depend not only on its PAMPs but also on its ability to modulate individual modalities of cell death. These findings provide insights into the diversity of cell death-pathways that an infection can trigger in professional immune cells and advance our understanding of the intracellular mechanisms that govern the immune response to a virus.
Akt-mediated Ephexin1–Ras interaction promotes oncogenic Ras signaling and colorectal and lung cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Kim Jeeho , Jeon Young Jin , Lim Sung-Chul , Ryu Joohyun , Lee Jung-Hee , Chang In-Youb , You Ho Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstrctEphexin1 was reported to be highly upregulated by oncogenic Ras, but the functional consequences of this remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Ephexin1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer (LC) patient tissues. Knockdown of Ephexin1 markedly inhibited the cell growth of CRC and LC cells with oncogenic Ras mutations. Ephexin1 contributes to the positive regulation of Ras-mediated downstream target genes and promotes Ras-induced skin tumorigenesis. Mechanically, Akt phosphorylates Ephexin1 at Ser16 and Ser18 (pSer16/18) and pSer16/18 Ephexin1 then interacts with oncogenic K-Ras to promote downstream MAPK signaling, facilitating tumorigenesis. Furthermore, pSer16/18 Ephexin1 is associated with both an increased tumor grade and metastatic cases of CRC and LC, and those that highly express pSer16/18 exhibit poor overall survival rates. These data indicate that Ephexin1 plays a critical role in the Ras-mediated CRC and LC and pSer16/18 Ephexin1 might be an effective therapeutic target for CRC and LC.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Inhibition of TGF-β repairs spinal cord injury by attenuating EphrinB2 expressing through inducing miR-484 from fibroblast
Authors: Pan Dayu , Yang Fuhan , Zhu Shibo , Li Yongjin , Ning Guangzhi , Feng Shiqing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe loss of motor and sensory function with high disability and mortality. The effective treatment of SCI remains unknown. Here we find systemic injection of TGF-β neutralizing antibody induces the protection of axon growth, survival of neurons, and functional recovery, whereas erythropoietin-producing hepatoma interactor B2 (EphrinB2) expression and fibroblasts distribution are attenuated. Knockout of TGF-β type II receptor in fibroblasts can also decrease EphrinB2 expression and improve spinal cord injury recovery. Moreover, miR-488 was confirmed to be the most upregulated gene related to EphrinB2 releasing in fibroblasts after SCI and miR-488 initiates EphrinB2 expression and physical barrier building through MAPK signaling after SCI. Our study points toward elevated levels of active TGF-β as inducer and promoters of fibroblasts distribution, fibrotic scar formation, and EphrinB2 expression, and deletion of global TGF-β or the receptor of TGF-β in Col1α2 lineage fibroblasts significantly improve functional recovery after SCI, which suggest that TGF-β might be a therapeutic target in SCI.