bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Model on Bubble Dynamics in Liquid Film Boiling
Authors: Zou Qifan , Li Pengkun , Liu Xiuliang , Yang Ronggui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Liquid film boiling, where bubbles are generated together with evaporation in several hundred micrometers thick liquid film, has attracted great interest recently due to its potential in dissipating high heat flux with low superheat. However, the existing models on bubble dynamics based on pool boiling are not suitable for predicting the bubble behaviors in liquid film boiling. Here, we develop a theoretical model to study bubble dynamics (including nucleation, growth, and departure) in liquid film boiling on the horizontal surface. By considering the evaporation atop the liquid film surface, we solve the transient heat conduction in the liquid film, and then derive the waiting period for bubble nucleation. The bubble growth rate is computed by taking into account evaporation from both superheated liquid layer and microlayer. Bubble departure diameter is obtained by considering the surface tension force atop the liquid film and reconstructing the pendant bubble shape based on the Young-Laplace equation. It is shown that when liquid film thickness reduces, the bubble waiting period increases, while the bubble growth period and growth rate decrease. By predicting the heat transfer based on bubble dynamics, we find that the enhanced heat transfer in liquid film boiling, compared to pool boiling, mainly benefits from the significantly increased bubble departure frequency due to reduced departure diameter.
Parametrized Maximal Admissible Sets With Application to Constraint Management of Systems With Slowly Varying Parameters
Authors: Pedari Yasaman , Freiheit Collin , Anand Dhananjay M. , Ossareh Hamid R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Real-time constraint management schemes for time-varying or parameter-varying systems often result in conservative (slow) responses or carry a heavy computational burden. This makes some of the existing solutions less suitable for practical applications within these systems. To address this issue, this paper proposes a numerically efficient reference governor (RG) scheme for constraint management of systems with slowly time-varying parameters and constraints. The solution, which we call the adaptive-contractive reference governor (RG-AC), utilizes a contractive, parameterized characterization of the so-called maximal admissible set (MAS). To ensure low computational overhead, this parameter-dependent MAS (PD-MAS) is approximated using a sensitivity-based method that describes the changes in the facets of PD-MAS as a function of the system parameters around a nominal operating point. The computational and theoretical properties of the PD-MAS and RG-AC are presented. The effectiveness and limitations of the proposed method are demonstrated by studying a basic mass–spring–damper system.
No Effect of Individualized Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on 200-m or 400-m Freestyle-Swimming Time-Trial Performance in Well-Trained Athletes
Authors: Gurton William H. , Dabin Lilly , Marshall Steven 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of an individualized sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation-timing strategy on 200-m and 400-m freestyle swimming time-trial (TT) performance. Methods: Thirteen well-trained swimmers (8 men and 5 women; mean [SD] 22 [3] y, 1.76 [0.79] m, 73.4 [9.6] kg) had their time-to-peak bicarbonate (HCO3−) determined after ingestion of 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass SB in size 0 vegetarian capsules alongside a carbohydrate-high meal (1.5 g·kg−1 body mass). Following familiarization, participants performed 200-m and 400-m freestyle TTs after individualized timing (160 [36] min) of either SB or a placebo (PL; cornflour) on 4 separate occasions in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Completion times, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion (6–20 Borg) were measured. Results: SB did not improve completion times compared with PL during the 200-m (124.5 [7.3] vs 125.1 [6.2] s, P = .219, g = 0.09) or 400-m (263.4 [12.8] vs 264.7 [13.6] s; P = .192, g = 0.10) TTs. Blood lactate was elevated for SB compared with PL following the 200-m (12.99 [1.45] vs 10.98 [2.25] mmol·L−1; P = .042) and 400-m (13.05 [2.29] vs 10.44 [2.40] mmol·L−1; P = .017) TTs. SB reduced rating of perceived exertion after the TTs compared with PL (200 m: −0.9 [1.4] au, P = .033; 400 m: −1.2 [1.4] au, P = .012). Conclusions: SB consumed in capsules at individualized time-to-peak [HCO3−] did not improve 200-m or 400-m freestyle-swimming TT performance and might not be a worthwhile SB ingestion strategy for well-trained swimmers.
Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on commercial milk formula marketing in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: McNaughton Eilidh , Chen Lydia , Smith Andrea D , Conway Rana 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo understand (1) healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) perceptions and experiences of commercial milk formula (CMF) marketing to consumers and HCPs and (2) HCPs’ perspectives on regulation of CMF marketing.SettingUK.DesignIn-person and online interviews with 41 HCPs with regular contact with pregnant women and mothers. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted from October 2019 to March 2021, focusing on experiences of CMF marketing and perceptions of legislation. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were developed: (1) ‘Industry relationships have changed and not disappeared’—some HCPs reported contact with industry ceasing due to the Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI) but contact with HCPs in other roles was believed to have increased; (2) ‘Direct-to-consumer marketing presents challenges for HCPs’—to support women to make informed choices about infant feeding, HCPs felt they had to challenge misinformation families receive from the CMF industry; (3) ‘System changes are needed to support informed infant feeding decisions’—HCPs wanted policy changes, including effective legislation to restrict CMF marketing to both HCPs and families. They also felt initiatives to normalise breastfeeding were important.ConclusionsReduced contact with CMF representatives was reported by HCPs covered by the BFI but continued or increased contact was seen with other HCPs. HCPs believed CMF marketing impacted women’s beliefs about infant feeding and they had to work hard to provide a balanced perspective. HCPs wanted stricter regulation of CMF marketing.
How patients and informal caregivers can be trained to effectively contribute to improved quality of healthcare services: action research on the development of the Dutch Patient As a Person Academy
Authors: Romme Sjim , Hermans Max , Bosveld Matthijs Hugo , Plak Angela , Sehlbach Carolin , van Bokhoven Marloes Amantia 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesPatient and public involvement is regarded as vital in fostering high-quality care. While involvement has clear societal advantages, it is still widely viewed as tokenistic and surrounded by issues of representation. This study aims to understand how patients and informal caregivers can be trained to effectively contribute to improved quality of healthcare services.DesignUsing an action research approach, a 15-week training programme for patients and informal caregivers called the Patient As a Person Academy was developed, tested and evaluated in three development cycles. Evaluation methods varied per development cycle and included open-ended questionnaires (N=27) and semistructured interviews (N=35) as well as agile evaluation sessions of all 15 training sessions.Setting and participantsWe purposively sampled patients and informal caregivers who had prior experience in patient and public involvement. Patients and informal caregivers who participated as patient and partner educators in health professions education in the Netherlands could participate.InterventionParticipants followed the Patient As a Person Academy, a 15-week training programme that aims to prepare patients and informal caregivers to become patient partners.ResultsParticipants reported that the Patient As a Person Academy’s focus on self-management skills, understanding healthcare professionals’ perspectives and communication skills helped them to engage in meaningful dialogue with healthcare professionals as patient partners and made them more confident in their roles. However, tailoring towards individual participants’ levels of acceptance of illness and reflexivity was needed. Participants reported that, next to the training programme, peer-to-peer coaching and guidance towards roles in quality improvement initiatives would be necessary to optimise their contributions.ConclusionsInitiatives like the Patient As a Person Academy may alleviate the problems of tokenism in patient and public involvement. However, extensively preparing patients and informal caregivers raises issues around representation.
Effects of traditional Chinese medicine massage therapy on pain, functional activity, muscle activation patterns and proprioception in knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Zhu Bowen , Tang Cheng , Zhou Xin , Janice Hiew Yuen Yee , Fang Sitong , Fu Yangyang , Zhu Qingguang , Fang Min 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionHealth education, weight control and exercise therapy are recognised treatment options for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, the pain and muscle fatigue associated with exercise make it difficult for patients to initially adhere. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) massage is an important complementary and alternative therapy that can effectively address these deficiencies. According to TCM theory and preliminary clinical practice, loosening of the muscles while pointing to acupoints can promote the recovery of KOA. Therefore, we hypothesised that exercise therapy in conjunction with TCM massage may lead to more satisfactory results in terms of pain management, active functional muscle activation patterns and proprioception in patients with KOA.Methods and analysisA parallel, single-centre, randomised controlled trial involving 106 patients will be conducted at Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Eligible patients with KOA who agree to participate will be randomised via a 1:1 randomisation system into the experimental group (receiving TCM massage and exercise treatment) and the control group (receiving exercise treatment). The primary endpoint is the change in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for pain from baseline to 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes include knee function (measured using the WOMAC stiffness and WOMAC functional subscale questionnaire and the timed ‘Up and Go’ test), muscle activation states (evaluated with electromyography techniques), knee proprioception and treatment satisfaction, adherence, safety evaluation and other relevant factors. Outcome assessors and data analysts will be blinded to the allocations, and the participants will not disclose their specific allocations. Outcome analyses will be conducted on both intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations. A preliminary analysis will test whether TCM massage, in addition to exercise, has statistically better outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has received approval from the Ethics Committee of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2023-1357-124-01).All study participants will be required to give written informed consent. The findings of the study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication and presented at scientific conferences. Additionally, the participants will receive copies of the results.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300077308.
Knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer and screening among migrant women: a qualitative study in Portugal
Authors: Silva Joana , Gama Ana , Fronteira Inês , Marques Patrícia , Dias Sónia 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the perceptions of migrant women, healthcare professionals and community workers regarding migrant women’s knowledge and attitudes about cervical cancer (CC) and screening and how these influence cervical cancer screening (CCS) uptake.DesignQualitative study with seven focus groups, using a semistructured guide.SettingFive focus groups were conducted online and two in community associations in Lisbon, Portugal.ParticipantsThis study included 23 migrant women, 12 healthcare professionals and 10 community workers.ResultsA lack of knowledge and negative attitudes towards screening among migrants were discussed as important factors leading to a lower CCS uptake. For participants, many migrant women are unaware of the disease and CCS. Feelings of uneasiness related to screening and reservation from their husbands towards consultations underlie negative attitudes towards CCS. Disparities among migrant women regarding uptake of CCS rooted on sociocultural factors were highlighted, with women from African origin and older tending to engage less. Healthcare professionals were identified as the preferred source of information; nevertheless, difficulties in delivering information on sensitive topics were reported by professionals. Additionally, participants agreed that peers and social networks may play a role in promoting screening among communities.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals and community actors are paramount to promote CCS among migrant women, especially through culturally adapted awareness interventions and health-promoting activities engaging local communities and social networks of women. Training on cross-cultural communication skills of healthcare professionals may contribute to improving migrant women’s knowledge and uptake of CCS.
Uncovering the boundary conditions of the association between concerns about falling and physical activity in adult populations: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Amireault Steve , Reed Jason Brian , Kerschner Reese Colby , Chadwell Emilie Ann , Roh Heesoo , Jakob Emily Ryan , Muller Kelsie Jo 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionDespite evidence of variation in how concerns about falling influence physical activity, many of the currently available knowledge syntheses merely assume that this relation is uniform across populations and contexts. Therefore, we propose a scoping review protocol to guide a summary of the bodywork that has examined the association between concerns about falling and physical activity in adult populations, with an eye on the availability of empirical evidence of moderation.Methods and analysesStudies reporting on both the concepts of concerns about falling and physical activity among samples with a mean age≥18 years will be included. Five electronic databases will be searched. We will conduct a hand search of the reference lists for all included studies and relevant knowledge syntheses and perform a citing reference search for all included studies using the Web of Science. A team of six reviewers will single-screen titles and abstracts. Two reviewers will independently assess the eligibility of each study based on a full-text examination. Results will be presented using a tree graph to display the moderating factor(s) investigated, and a ratio showing the number of time evidence for moderation was examined by the total number of investigations.Ethics and disseminationThe university Human Research Protection Program determined that the proposed scoping review does not qualify as human subject research under federal human subject research regulations (IRB-2023–1656). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and in the form of a one-page summary for extension programme leaders, part of a nationwide Cooperative Extension network.
Stakeholder perspectives to inform the implementation of a community health worker-delivered home management of hypertension intervention in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mundagowa Paddington Tinashe , Musariri Malvin , Magande Pamela , Hlabangana Tendai , Mukwambo Linda Jane , Zambezi Pemberai , Muchemwa-Munasirei Priscillah , Mukora-Mutseyekwa Fadzai 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveImplementing evidence-based innovations often fails to translate into meaningful outcomes in practice due to dynamic real-world contextual factors. Identifying these influencing factors is pivotal to implementation success. This study aimed to determine the barriers and facilitators of implementing a community health worker (CHW)-delivered home management of hypertension (HoMHyper) intervention from a stakeholder’s perspective using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).DesignExploratory qualitative study.SettingFive primary healthcare facilities in Mutare City, Zimbabwe.Participants25 CHWs, 10 health facility nurses and 3 Mutare City health administrators.ResultsPerceived barriers to implementation of the HoMHyper intervention were staff shortage, patient privacy and confidentiality, limited access to antihypertensive medication, CHW incentivisation and equipment shortage, as well as patient knowledge and beliefs about hypertension. The proposed intervention was superior to the current practice, easy to implement and adaptable in the local context. Perceived facilitating factors were commitment from health system leadership, CHW training and support, regular engagement between CHWs and health providers, community partnerships, and CHW self-efficacy and knowledge and skills.ConclusionIntegrating CHWs into chronic disease management can potentially improve health service access in low-resource settings. Well-coordinated planning guided by implementation evidence frameworks such as the CFIR significantly enhances the identification of important barriers and facilitators to inform implementation.
Incidence of cancer-related lymphoedema: a protocol for a living systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Plinsinga Melanie , Singh Ben , Bloomquist Kira , Bernas Michael , Geyer Debbie , Devoogdt Nele , Koelmeyer Louise , Piller Neil , Reul-Hirche Hildegard , Rockson Stanley , Hayes Sandi 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionGiven the projected rise in the incidence of cancer treatment-related conditions, such as lymphoedema, and the limited research on lymphoedema in cancers with poor prognoses, there is a need for a better understanding of cancer-related lymphoedema incidence and associated risk factors across all types of cancers. The objectives of this review are (1) to produce a resource on an open-access platform that facilitates continuous update of incidence estimates and risk factors as evidence emerges, (2) to provide the most up-to-date estimate of the incidence of cancer-related lymphoedema and (3) to evaluate the strength and consistency of the association between lymphoedema and cancer treatment and non-treatment-related risk factors.Methods and analysisA living systematic and grey literature search will be conducted to identify studies reporting the incidence, prevalence of lymphoedema or associated risk factors in individuals who have undergone treatment for any type of cancer. Two investigators will independently extract data and assess the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool Version 2.0, the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies – of Interventions or the National Institutes of Health Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Study Quality Assessment Tools, depending on study design. The overall strength of evidence will be appraised with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations tool. Random effect models will be used to produce pooled overall lymphoedema incidence estimates. Subgroup analyses that explore relationships between lymphoedema incidence and lymphoedema measurement method, time since cancer diagnosis and treatment and diagnosis, treatment and behavioural characteristics will be conducted dependent on available data.Ethics and disseminationThis living systematic review enables clinicians and researchers to consult a contemporary, comprehensive overview of the incidence of cancer-related lymphoedema and the association between lymphoedema and treatment and non-treatment-related risk factors.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022333291.
What strategies are used to select patients for direct admission under acute medicine services? A protocol paper for a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Evans Samuel , Atkin Catherine , Hunt Austin , Ball Georgina , Cassidy Charlotte , Costley-White Alexander , Toy Louise , Wilding Rebecca , Sapey Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionDespite unprecedented pressures on urgent and emergency care services, there is no clear consensus on how to provide acute medical care delivery in the UK. These pressures can lead to significant delays in care for patients presenting with emergencies when admitted via traditional routes through the emergency department. Historically, a separate pathway has existed where patients are directly admitted to acute medicine services without attending the emergency department. It is suspected that there is a significant variation in how these patients are selected, triaged and managed in the UK. This systematic review will assess the methods and evidence base used for direct patient admissions to acute medicine services compared with traditional admission pathways through the emergency department.Methods and analysisA systematic review of the literature will be conducted and a total of six databases will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE in process, Web of Science, CINAHL and Embase. This will include studies from the period 01 January 1975 to 24 January 2024. Covidence software will be the platform for the extraction of data and paper screening with the selection process reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Both title and abstract screening and full-text screening will be done by two reviewers independently. The risk of bias of included studies will be assessed using the methods introduced in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the tool used will be dependent on the type of study. Where possible, outcomes will be dealt with as continuous variables. Change percentage will be assessed between any pathway characteristic or outcome. Theχ² test andI² test will be used to evaluate the heterogeneity of included studies. Where appropriate, relevant meta-analysis techniques will be used to compare studies and forest plot produced.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not require ethical approval. Findings will be disseminated widely in peer-reviewed publication and media, including conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023495786.