bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of face masks on performance and physiological outcomes during exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shaw Keely A. , Zello Gordon A. , Butcher Scotty J. , Ko Jong Bum , Bertrand Leandy , Chilibeck Philip D. 
Published: April 2021

Face masks are promoted for preventing spread of viruses; however, wearing a mask during exercise might increase CO2 rebreathing, decrease arterial oxygenation, and decrease exercise performance. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on the impact of wearing a mask during exercise. Data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. Eligibility criteria included all study designs comparing surgical, N95, or cloth masks to a no mask condition during any type of exercise where exercise performance and/or physiological parameters were evaluated. Healthy and clinical participants were included. Mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Twenty-two studies involving 1573 participants (620 females, 953 males) were included. Surgical, or N95 masks did not impact exercise performance (SMD −0.05 [−0.16, 0.07] and −0.16 [−0.54, 0.22], respectively) but increased ratings of perceived exertion (SMD 0.33 [0.09, 0.58] and 0.61 [0.23, 0.99]) and dyspnea (SMD 0.6 [0.3, 0.9] for all masks). End-tidal CO2 (MD 3.3 [1.0, 5.6] and 3.7 [3.0, 4.4] mm Hg), and heart rate (MD 2 [0,4] beats/min with N95 masks) slightly increased. Face masks can be worn during exercise with no influences on performance and minimal impacts on physiological variables. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020224988. Novelty: Face masks can be worn during exercise with no impacts on performance and minimal impacts on physiological variables.
State-selective charge exchange cross sections in Be$$^{4+} -\hbox {H}(2\textit{lm})$$ collision based on the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method
Authors: Ziaeian Iman , Tőkési Károly 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A three-body classical trajectory Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the nl state-selective charge exchange cross sections in $$\hbox {Be}^{\mathrm {4+}}+$$

Be

4
+

+

H(2lm) collisions in the energy range between 10 and 200 keV/amu. We present partial cross sections for charge exchange into $$\hbox {Be}^{\mathrm {3+}}$$

Be

3
+

(nl) $$(\textit{nl} = 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f)$$

(
nl
=
2
s
,
2
p
,
3
s
,
3
p
,
3
d
,
4
s
,
4
p
,
4
d
,
4
f
)

states as a function of impact energy. Our results are compared with the previous classical and quantum-mechanical results. We show that the classical treatment can able to describe reasonably well the charge exchange cross sections.

Graphic abstract
On the fluid behavior and stability of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy GMAW molten pool: Effect of the longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: Wu Chenglong , Han Shaohua , Xue Dingqi , Zhan Jianbin 
Published: April 2021

By establishing a three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation of the Ti-6Al-4V Gas Metal Argon Welding (GMAW) molten pool, the molten pool’s heat transfer and fluid flow behavior under a longitudinal magnetic field were investigated. The simulation results show that when the droplet enters the molten pool, the liquid metals on the molten pool’s surface symmetrically flow towards both sides of the molten pool from different angles. With the increase of the magnetic field strengthens, the temperature gradually decreases, and the fluid flow velocity increases continuously. Besides, the magnetic field strength is correlated positively with the molten pool’s size with a certain range of 0–0.03 T. However, when the magnetic field strengthens reach 0.04 T, the magnetic field is correlated negatively with the molten pool’s size. Because the Marangoni and buoyancy begin to weaken, the molten pool’s length change occurs before the width change. Simultaneously, a sizeable velocity region appears on the left side of the molten pool. Thus, the liquid metal gathers on the left side, resulting in the weld cross-section’s asymmetry. It can conclude that only when the magnetic strengthen keeps in the range of 0–0.03 T, the longitudinal magnetic field can make the molten pool’s surface profile smooth.
Energy scattering for a class of inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two dimensions
Authors: Dinh Van Duong 
Published: April 2021

We consider a class of [Formula: see text]-supercritical inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equations in two dimensions [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Using a new approach of Arora et al. [Scattering below the ground state for the 2D radial nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 148 (2020) 1653–1663], we show the energy scattering for the equation with radially symmetric initial data. In the focusing case, our result extends the one of Farah and Guzmán [Scattering for the radial focusing INLS equation in higher dimensions, Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 51 (2020) 449–512] to the whole range of [Formula: see text] where the local well-posedness is available. In the defocusing case, our result extends the one in [V. D. Dinh, Energy scattering for a class of the defocusing inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation, J. Evol. Equ. 19(2) (2019) 411–434], where the energy scattering for non-radial initial data was established in dimensions [Formula: see text].
Geological structures beneath the River Thames in London: findings from the Thames Tideway Tunnel investigations
Authors: Newman T. G. , Hadlow N. W. 
Published: April 2021

The Thames Tideway Tunnel is 25 km long and extends west–east through central London, beneath the River Thames for most of its route. A detailed preconstruction ground model has been assembled, using data from borehole and river-borne seismic reflection survey investigations. The two datasets have together delineated several significant geological structures along the route.
The investigations have led to an improved understanding of the morphology of some structures, such as the Greenwich Fault, London Bridge Fault Zone, Millwall Anticline and Greenwich–Plaistow Syncline, which were only generally indicated during preliminary desk studies. Other structures, such as the Putney–Hammersmith Fault Zone, Chelsea Embankment Fault Zone and Lambeth Anticline, are entirely new discoveries.
Most of the structures described here have characteristics compatible with strike-slip displacement and, although this has been previously widely suspected, this paper presents new evidence towards this. When intersected by the tunnel during its construction phase, they have imposed significant changes in geological strata, leading to changes in the performance of tunnelling plant or creating adverse ground conditions. Their early identification by the ground model has assisted engineering design and planning, for the benefit of construction cost efficiency and, importantly, Health and Safety of underground personnel.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Geology of London and its implications for ground engineering collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/london-basin
First distribution record of the Asiatic Toad Bufo gargarizans Cantor, 1842 from India — Dibang Valley in Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Nijhawan Sahil , Roy Jayanta Kumar , Mitapo Iho , Miwu Gata , Pulu Jibi , Ahmed M. Firoz 
Published: April 2021

Bufo gargarizans, a species complex, has a wide distribution ranging from Japan to south-western China, Vietnam, and Russia but was not previously reported from India. Surveys conducted in Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh near the Indo-Tibetan border with China in 2014–15 revealed previously unreported specimens of the toad genus Bufo. Based on photographic comparisons with morphological characteristics obtained from published literature, we have identified the Bufo from Dibang Valley as the Asiatic Toad Bufo gargarizans Cantor, 1842. Individuals of the species reported from Dibang have a wide mid dorsal line in the dorsum, rarely observed in Bufo gargarizans except in the sub-populations on the Tibetan Plateau.
Impact of Morphine Treatment With and Without Metoclopramide Coadministration on Myocardial and Microvascular Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the Randomized MonAMI Trial
Authors: Stiermaier Thomas , Schaefer Philipp , Meyer‐Saraei Roza , Saad Mohammed , de Waha‐Thiele Suzanne , Pöss Janine , Fuernau Georg , Graf Tobias , Kurz Thomas , Frydrychowicz Alex , Barkhausen Jörg , Desch Steffen , Thiele Holger , Eitel Ingo 
Published: April 2021

Background

Intravenous morphine administration can adversely affect platelet inhibition induced by P2Y
12
receptor inhibitors after acute myocardial infarction. In contrast, some evidence suggests that opioid agonists may have cardioprotective effects on the myocardium. The aim of this prospective, randomized MonAMI (Impact of Morphine Treatment With and Without Metoclopramide Coadministration on Platelet Inhibition in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial was, therefore, to investigate the impact of morphine with or without metoclopramide coadministration on myocardial and microvascular injury.

Methods and Results

Patients with acute myocardial infarction (n=138) were assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to ticagrelor 180 mg plus: (1) intravenous morphine 5 mg (morphine group); (2) intravenous morphine 5 mg and metoclopramide 10 mg (morphine+metoclopramide group); or (3) intravenous placebo (control group) administered before primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 104 patients on day 1 to 4 after the index event. Infarct size was significantly smaller in the morphine only group as compared with controls (percentage of left ventricular mass, 15.5 versus 17.9;
P
=0.047). Furthermore, the number of patients with microvascular obstruction was significantly lower after morphine administration (28% versus 54%;
P
=0.022) and the extent of microvascular obstruction was smaller (percentage of left ventricular mass, 0 versus 0.74;
P
=0.037). In multivariable regression analysis, morphine administration was independently associated with a reduced risk for the occurrence of microvascular obstruction (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14–0.93 [
P
=0.035]). There was no significant difference in infarct size (
P
=0.491) and extent (
P
=0.753) or presence (
P
=0.914) of microvascular obstruction when comparing the morphine+metoclopramide group with the control group.

Conclusions
In this randomized study, intravenous administration of morphine before primary percutaneous coronary intervention resulted in a significant reduction of myocardial and microvascular damage following acute myocardial infarction. This effect was not observed in the morphine plus metoclopramide group.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02627950.
Ambulatory Care Fragmentation and Incident Stroke
Authors: Kern Lisa M. , Ringel Joanna B. , Rajan Mangala , Colantonio Lisandro D. , Casalino Lawrence P. , Reshetnyak Evgeniya , Pinheiro Laura C. , Safford Monika M. 
Published: April 2021

Background
More fragmented ambulatory care (ie, care spread across many providers without a dominant provider) has been associated with excess emergency department and inpatient care. We sought to determine whether more fragmented ambulatory care is associated with an increase in the hazard of incident stroke, overall and stratified by health status and by race.

Methods and Results

We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study (2003–2016), including participants aged ≥65 years who had linked Medicare fee‐for‐service claims and no history of stroke (N=12 510). We measured fragmentation of care with the reversed Bice‐Boxerman index. We used Poisson models to determine the association between fragmentation and adjudicated incident stroke. The average age of participants was 70.5 years; 53% were women, 32% were Black participants, and 16% were participants with fair or poor health. Overall, the adjusted rate of incident stroke was similar for high versus low fragmentation (8.2 versus 8.1 per 1000 person‐years, respectively;
P
=0.89). Among participants with fair or poor self‐rated health, having high versus low fragmentation was associated with a trend toward a higher adjusted rate of incident strokes (14.8 versus 10.4 per 1000 person‐years, respectively;
P
=0.067). Among Black participants with fair or poor self‐rated health, having high versus low fragmentation was associated with a higher adjusted rate of strokes (19.3 versus 10.3 per 1000 person‐years, respectively;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions
Highly fragmented ambulatory care is independently associated with incident stroke among Black individuals with fair or poor health.
Quantitative Flow Ratio to Predict Nontarget Vessel–Related Events at 5 Years in Patients With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Angiography‐Guided Revascularization
Authors: Bär Sarah , Kavaliauskaite Raminta , Ueki Yasushi , Otsuka Tatsuhiko , Kelbæk Henning , Engstrøm Thomas , Baumbach Andreas , Roffi Marco , von Birgelen Clemens , Ostojic Miodrag , Pedrazzini Giovanni , Kornowski Ran , Tüller David , Vukcevic Vladan , Magro Michael , Losdat Sylvain , Windecker Stephan , Räber Lorenz 
Published: April 2021

Background
In ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, angiography‐based complete revascularization is superior to culprit‐lesion‐only percutaneous coronary intervention. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is a novel, noninvasive, vasodilator‐free method used to assess the hemodynamic significance of coronary stenoses. We aimed to investigate the incremental value of QFR over angiography in nonculprit lesions in patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing angiography‐guided complete revascularization.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective post hoc QFR analysis of untreated nontarget vessels (any degree of diameter stenosis [DS]) from the randomized multicenter COMFORTABLE AMI (Comparison of Biolimus Eluted From an Erodible Stent Coating With Bare Metal Stents in Acute ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction) trial by assessors blinded for clinical outcomes. The primary end point was cardiac death, spontaneous nontarget vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated nontarget vessel revascularization (ie, ≥70% DS by 2‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography or ≥50% DS and ischemia) at 5 years. Of 1161 patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, 946 vessels in 617 patients were analyzable by QFR. At 5 years, the rate of the primary end point was significantly higher in patients with QFR ≤0.80 (n=35 patients, n=36 vessels) versus QFR >0.80 (n=582 patients, n=910 vessels) (62.9% versus 12.5%, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 7.33 [95% CI, 4.54–11.83],
P
<0.001), driven by higher rates of nontarget vessel myocardial infarction (12.8% versus 3.1%, respectively; HR, 4.38 [95% CI, 1.47–13.02],
P
=0.008) and nontarget vessel revascularization (58.6% versus 7.7%, respectively; HR, 10.99 [95% CI, 6.39–18.91],
P
<0.001) with no significant differences for cardiac death. Multivariable analysis identified QFR ≤0.80 but not ≥50% DS by 3‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography as an independent predictor of the primary end point. Results were consistent, including only >30% DS by 3‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography.

Conclusions
Our study suggests incremental value of QFR over angiography‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention for nonculprit lesions among patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Geographic Variation in Trends and Disparities in Heart Failure Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2017
Authors: Glynn Peter A. , Molsberry Rebecca , Harrington Katharine , Shah Nilay S. , Petito Lucia C. , Yancy Clyde W. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Khan Sadiya S. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Cardiovascular disease mortality related to heart failure (HF) is rising in the United States. It is unknown whether trends in HF mortality are consistent across geographic areas and are associated with state‐level variation in cardiovascular health (CVH). The goal of the present study was to assess regional and state‐level trends in cardiovascular disease mortality related to HF and their association with variation in state‐level CVH.

Methods and Results

Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100 000 attributable to HF were ascertained using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research from 1999 to 2017. CVH at the state‐level was quantified using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Linear regression was used to assess temporal trends in HF AAMR were examined by census region and state and to examine the association between state‐level CVH and HF AAMR. AAMR attributable to HF declined from 1999 to 2011 and increased between 2011 and 2017 across all census regions. Annual increases after 2011 were greatest in the Midwest (β=1.14 [95% CI, 0.75, 1.53]) and South (β=0.96 [0.66, 1.26]). States in the South and Midwest consistently had the highest HF AAMR in all time periods, with Mississippi having the highest AAMR (109.6 [104.5, 114.6] in 2017). Within race‒sex groups, consistent geographic patterns were observed. The variability in HF AAMR was associated with state‐level CVH (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Wide geographic variation exists in HF mortality, with the highest rates and greatest recent increases observed in the South and Midwest. Higher levels of poor CVH in these states suggest the potential for interventions to promote CVH and reduce the burden of HF.
Heidegger’s Trakl-Marginalia
Authors: Moore Ian Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article, I analyze Heidegger’s marginalia in his personal copy of the 1946 Zurich edition of poems by Georg Trakl, which I discovered several years ago while conducting research in the castle of Heidegger’s hometown of Meßkirch. Although Heidegger’s marginalia in this volume are not extensive, they are significant for three reasons: they provide valuable insight into his reading of the spirit of Trakl’s poetic work and into the place in which Heidegger situates it; they frequently shed light on topics often left in the shadows by Heidegger and his expositors, topics such as (auto)biography, sexual difference, and Christianity; and they bear on Heidegger’s lifelong engagement with the status of being and even, at times, seem to call into question his published positions on it.
Reading and Writing on Reading and Writing: Short Poetry on Flyleaves in a Manuscript of the Metrical Grammar (DCA 00065)
Authors: Pritula Anton 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The short pieces discussed in the paper were added between larger texts and on the flyleaves by the scribe himself. Thematically, the poems may be divided in two blocks: the first one contains poems on reading, studying grammar, and on the scribal activities, whereas the second one comprises poetry ascribed to Bar ʿEbrōyō on different topics. The manuscript under discussion – Bar ʿEbrōyō’s (1226–1286) Metrical Grammar (DCA 00065) – was written in 1552 by ʿAbdīšōʿ of Gāzartā, an East Syrian patriarch (1555–1570), poet and copyist.
These small pieces forming short verse collections illustrate the complex processes that took place in the manuscript circulation and literary life during the Early Ottoman period. All the short poems were never published or studied before, and for that reason they are placed here in the Appendix in both Syriac original and English translation.
The Jesuits at Fort St. Joseph in Southwest Michigan
Authors: Brandão José António , Nassaney Michael S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The site of Fort St. Joseph in southwest Michigan began as a mission in the 1680s when the Jesuits were granted a tract of land by the French crown along the St. Joseph River. For almost eighty years, the Jesuits tended to the souls of the Fort St. Joseph community. The presence of a marriage and baptismal register (1720–61) and archaeological remains testify to their religious activities in the eighteenth century. While it is difficult to measure Jesuit success at winning converts and the sincerity of the beliefs of both the French and Natives in their flock, documentary and material evidence inform on Jesuit practices. Catholicism endured among the denizens of the fort and was adopted by nearby Native peoples.
The Mathematical Revolution in Economics: Factor Flows in the Production of Academics
Authors: Weisman Dennis L. 
Published: April 2021

The main theme of this essay is that the mathematical revolution in economics precipitated factor flows in the production of academics, wherein able, if not creative, mathematicians moved into economics to earn large rents. This “technical migration” set in motion a counterproductive path dependency from which the discipline may find it difficult to extricate itself. A secondary theme explores the disparate views of Keynes and Schumpeter on economics as an “exact science” and the role that mathematics should play. The seminal question is not whether mathematics is an important tool for economic analysis, because this is not a debatable proposition, but whether the deification of mathematics has come at too high a cost. This cost includes elevating elegance over substance, discounting the importance of other disciplines, and dissuading gifted undergraduates from pursuing advanced study in economics because they do not aspire to be “mathematicians.” JEL Classifications: A22, A23, B31, B41
Multilevel Pathways of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Low-Income Vietnamese Americans: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Authors: Ma Grace X. , Zhu Lin , Lin Timmy R. , Tan Yin , Do Phuong 
Published: April 2021

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) disproportionately affects Vietnamese Americans, especially those with low income and were born outside of the United States. CRC screening tests are crucial for prevention and early detection. Despite the availability of noninvasive, simple-to-conduct tests, CRC screening rates in Asian Americans, particularly Vietnamese Americans, remain suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interplay of multilevel factors – individual, interpersonal, and community – on CRC screening behaviors among low-income Vietnamese Americans with limited English proficiency. Methods: This study is based on the Sociocultural Health Behavior Model, a research-based model that incorporates 6 factors associated with decision-making and health-seeking behaviors that result in health care utilization. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we recruited 801 Vietnamese Americans from community-based organizations. We administered a survey to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and CRC screening-related factors. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify direct and indirect predictors of lifetime CRC screening. Results: Bivariate analysis revealed that a greater number of respondents who never screened for CRC reported limited English proficiency, fewer years of US residency, and lower self-efficacy related to CRC screening. The SEM model identified self-efficacy (coefficient = 0.092, P < .01) as the only direct predictor of lifetime CRC screening. Educational attainment (coefficient = 0.13, P < .01) and health beliefs (coefficient = 0.040, P < .001) had a modest significant positive relationship with self-efficacy. Health beliefs (coefficient = 0.13, P < .001) and educational attainment (coefficient = 0.16, P < .01) had significant positive relationships with CRC knowledge. Conclusions: To increase CRC screening uptake in medically underserved Vietnamese American populations, public health interventions should aim to increase community members’ confidence in their abilities to screen for CRC and to navigate associated processes, including screening preparation, discussions with doctors, and emotional complications.