bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating High-Functioning Young Stroke Survivors with Cognitive Complaints
Authors: Rebchuk Alexander D. , Kuzmuk Leah E. , Deptuck Halina M. , Silverberg Noah D. , Field Thalia S. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:Background:The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a commonly used cognitive outcome in stroke trials. However, it may be insufficiently sensitive to detect impairment in high-functioning stroke survivors. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB), a 30-min comprehensive tablet-based cognitive assessment, may be a better choice to characterize cognitive issues in this cohort.Methods:We compared MoCA and NIHTB-CB performance in young stroke survivors (18–55 years) with excellent functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 0–1) reporting subjective cognitive complaints to that of age-matched healthy controls. We recruited 53 stroke survivors and 53 controls. We performed a sensitivity analysis in those participants with normal MoCA scores (≥26).Results:Median MoCA scores were not significantly different between stroke survivors (27.0 vs. 28.0) and healthy controls. Mean T scores for NIHTB-CB fluid (44.9 vs. 54.2), crystallized (53.8 vs. 60.0), and total cognition (49.1 vs. 58.4) components were significantly lower in stroke survivors compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 for all). In participants scoring within normal range (≥26) on the MoCA, NIHTB-CB scores for all components remained significantly lower in stroke survivors.Conclusions:In young stroke survivors with excellent functional outcomes and subjective cognitive complaints, the NIHTB-CB, but not the MoCA, was able to detect differences in cognitive performance between stroke survivors and healthy controls. The NIHTB-CB may be a suitable outcome measure for cognition in clinical trials examining higher-functioning young stroke survivors.
Discrimination against Muslims, the role of networks and terrorist attacks in Western Europe: the cases of United Kingdom, France, and Italy
Authors: Dell'Isola Davide 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the last few years, a wave of Islamist-related terrorist attacks took place in Western Europe, mainly in France and Belgium but with relevant episodes also in the United Kingdom whereas so far Italy did not suffer any attack of this kind. Each of these countries hosts a large number of Muslim immigrants and communities, participated in military missions in the Middle East, and has been repeatedly threatened by ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) or other Islamist-related radical groups. What then explains the difference in the number and intensity of Islamist-related terrorist attacks in Western European countries? Using qualitative cross-case comparison case studies and relying on the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) and the Association of Religion Data Archive (ARDA), I argue that countries directly discriminating toward Islamic communities are more likely to suffer these kinds of attacks because this discrimination causes grievances against the host state within the discriminated minority. This effect is higher in the presence of religious and cultural networks where these grievances can be brought at the center of the public debate and be connected together because of the presence of large audiences, resulting in the possible development of more radicalized positions of small portions of the discriminated community. This is particularly true for highly secular states like France, where the interpretation of secularism makes accommodation for religious minorities extremely challenging, also resulting in laws that regulate religious behavior of minorities, therefore increasing outrage and frustration of the minority group.
RETURNING TO THE RATE OF SPREAD OF EARLY FARMING IN EUROPE: COMMENT ON THE ARTICLE BY MANEN ET AL. (2019) IN RADIOCARBON
Authors: Ammerman Albert J 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe aim of the comment is to address the misrepresentations of our work on the Neolithic transitions that are found in a recent article by Manen and coauthors in Radiocarbon. There are a fair number of them as indicated in the comment. The purpose of the comment is (1) to set the record straight, (2) to clarify several misconceptions that have persisted in the literature for some time, and (3) to comment briefly on the convergence between our own recent regional modeling of the spread of early farming along the north coast of the West Mediterranean and the position currently held by Manen and coauthors.
THE SPREAD OF FARMING ECONOMY IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN: A SHORT REPLY TO AMMERMAN (2021)
Authors: Manen C , Perrin T , Guilaine J , Bouby L , Bréhard S , Briois F , Durand F , Marinval P , Vigne J-D 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTManen et al. provide here a reply to the critical comment published by A. J. Ammerman regarding their article “The Neolithic Transition in the Western Mediterranean: a complex and non-linear diffusion process—the radiocarbon record revisited,” published in 2019 inRadiocarbon. They also use this occasion to reaffirm the need to elaborate novel interpretive frameworks that combine both geo-chronological and cultural data.
On the Politics of Performing Wagner Outdoors: Open-Air Opera,Gesamtkunstwerkand the Third Reich’s ‘Forest Opera’, 1933–45
Authors: PAIGE KIRSTEN 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article explores the politics of performing Wagner outdoors, focusing on theWaldoperin Sopot, Poland, and its operations under the Third Reich. Festival literature suggests that the Reich combined climatic deterministic logic with established open-air theatrical practice to implicate experiencing Wagnerian sounds outdoors as inculcatingvölkischcharacter in Poles, positioning the festival within the Reich’s imperial mission. However, this vision from ‘on high’ was undermined by bureaucratic disorganization and inefficiency, much like other Nazi artistic projects. The article concludes with a discussion of the post-war afterlives of theWaldoperand its attendant mythologies.
Effects ofl-citrulline supplementation on nitric oxide and antioxidant markers after high-intensity interval exercise in young men: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Valaei Kosar , Mehrabani Javad , Wong Alexei 
Published: June 2021

Abstractl-Citrulline (l-Cit) is a non-essential amino acid that stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production and improves exercise performance by reducing muscle damage indices; however, the direct benefits ofl-Cit on antioxidant markers are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine antioxidant responses to high-intensity interval exercise following acutel-Cit supplementation. Nine young men (21 (sd1) years) participated in a double-blind crossover study in which they received 12 g ofl-Cit and placebo (PL) an hour prior to high-intensity interval exercise on two occasions, separated by a 7-d washout period. Blood samples were obtained before (PRE), immediately after (IP), 10 (10P) and 30 min after exercise (30P) from the cubital vein using standard procedures. Serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and NO metabolites (NOx) were measured. The exercise protocol significantly elevated SOD (P= 0·01) and GPx (P= 0·048) from PRE to 10P in thel-Cit group with greater changes than the PL group. CAT concentrations increased IP (P= 0·014) and remained elevated at 10P (P= 0·03) and 30P (P= 0·015) in both thel-Cit and PL conditions. NOx concentrations increased IP (P= 0·05) in thel-Cit group with greater changes than PL group in PRE to IP, PRE to 10P and PRE to 30P (P< 0·05). Our data indicate thatl-Cit supplementation (single 12 g dose pre-exercise) induces improvements in antioxidant markers following a session of high-intensity interval exercise in young men.
Operator equalities and Characterizations of Orthogonality in Pre-Hilbert C*-Modules
Authors: Eskandari Rasoul , Moslehian M. S. , Popovici Dan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the first part of the paper, we use states on $C^{*}$-algebras in order to establish some equivalent statements to equality in the triangle inequality, as well as to the parallelogram identity for elements of a pre-Hilbert $C^{*}$-module. We also characterize the equality case in the triangle inequality for adjointable operators on a Hilbert $C^{*}$-module. Then we give certain necessary and sufficient conditions to the Pythagoras identity for two vectors in a pre-Hilbert $C^{*}$-module under the assumption that their inner product has a negative real part. We introduce the concept of Pythagoras orthogonality and discuss its properties. We describe this notion for Hilbert space operators in terms of the parallelogram law and some limit conditions. We present several examples in order to illustrate the relationship between the Birkhoff–James, Roberts, and Pythagoras orthogonalities, and the usual orthogonality in the framework of Hilbert $C^{*}$-modules.
Serum otolin-1 as a biomarker for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a case-control study
Authors: Irugu D V K , Singh A , Yadav H , Verma H , Kumar R , Abraham R A , Ramakrishnan L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate serum otolin-1 levels in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and to compare these levels with healthy individuals.MethodThis was a case-control study. After obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance, the serum level of otolin-1 was calculated in adult individuals (18–75 years old) who were divided into group 1 (patients presenting with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo) and group 2 (healthy patients without benign paroxysmal positional vertigo as the control group). Data analysis was carried out to compare the serum levels in the cases and controls. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 70 age-matched individuals (cases, n = 40; controls, n = 30) were included in the study. The mean serum level of otolin-1 was 636.8 pg/ml (range, 259–981 pg/ml) in the group of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and 236.2 pg/ml (range, 189–370 pg/ml) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0000).ConclusionThe serum levels of otolin-1 in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are significantly higher compared with individuals without benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Alternative Publications, Spaces and Publics: Revisiting the Public Sphere in 20th- and 21st-century China
Authors: Veg Sebastian , Cheng Edmund W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReviewing the extant literature on China's public sphere from the perspective of 20th-century history and social science, this introductory essay argues for the continued relevance of studying the publications and public practices associated with knowledge communities. By steering away from normative definitions and by envisaging publicness as a process, a connection can be explored between social discourses and political practices in China. Discursive communities, based on shared identity or sociability, may appear marginal, but at key moments they can play a unique role in modifying the dynamics of political events.
Cardiac manifestations and short-term outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Middle Eastern children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series
Authors: Tannoury Theresia E. , Bulbul Ziad R. , Bitar Fadi F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe herein report on a series of four patients presented to our tertiary care centre with features of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and cardiac involvement. Two of our patients had recent exposure to a COVID-19-positive patient, one had recent documented infection, and another had no known positive contact. All the patients were tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G antibody at the time of presentation. All of them fulfilled the diagnostic criteria according to the World Health Organization Centers for Disease Control or the British guidelines for MIS-C (fever for ≥3 days, multisystem involvement (at least two), elevated markers of inflammation, and no other alternative diagnosis).Cardiac involvement was variable ranging from isolated ectasia of the coronary arteries to full-blown pancarditis such as severe biventricular dysfunction, multi-valvar involvement, and pericardial effusion.All our patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg), methylprednisolone, and aspirin and some required inotropic support and ICU admission.Remarkably, all our patients showed significant improvement in their cardiac disease within a few days as evident on serial echocardiographic evaluation. However, we stress the need for long-term follow-up as one of our patients demonstrated mild LV myocardial scarring as evident by gadolinium late enhancement on a cardiac MRI.
A Career at the Inner Temple: Thirty Years On
Authors: Clay Margaret 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe author of this article Margaret Clay looks back on her long tenure as Librarian at the Inner Temple, one of the four Inns of Court libraries serving barristers, judiciary, and students on the Bar Course. She recalls the selection process she experienced and proceeds to discuss the introduction of automation to the Library, a high priority in the early days. She explains the various relocations of parts of the Library's print collection (made necessary by periodic changes in the priorities of the parent organisation) and traces the development of electronic services: from CD-ROM databases to web-based services and onward to social media. She outlines the initiatives in reader services and other areas entered upon during her tenure and, in conclusion, looks forward to the future of the information service she was instrumental in setting up. Margaret retired in 2020.*
Metformin in obese pregnancy has no adverse effects on cardiovascular risk in early childhood
Authors: Yang Liu , Lacey Lauren , Whyte Sonia , Quenby Siobhan , Denison Fiona C. , Dhaun Neeraj , Norman Jane E. , Drake Amanda J. , Reynolds Rebecca M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetformin is widely used in pregnancy, despite lack of long-term safety for children. We hypothesised that metformin exposure in utero is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We tested this hypothesis in a follow-up study of children born to obese mothers who had participated in a randomised controlled trial of metformin versus placebo in pregnancy (EMPOWaR). We measured body composition, peripheral blood pressure (BP), arterial pulse wave velocity and central haemodynamics (central BP and augmentation index) using an oscillometric device in 40 children of mean (SD) age 5.78 (0.93) years, exposed to metformin (n = 19) or placebo (n = 21) in utero. There were no differences in any of the anthropometric or vascular measures between metformin and placebo-exposed groups in univariate analyses, or after adjustment for potential confounders including the child’s behaviour, diet and activity levels. Post-hoc sample size calculation indicated we would have detected large clinically significant differences between the groups but would need an unfeasible large number to detect possible subtle differences in key cardiovascular risk parameters in children at this age of follow-up. Our findings suggest no evidence of increased cardiovascular risk in children born to obese mothers who took metformin in pregnancy and increase available knowledge of the long-term safety of metformin on childhood outcomes.
Unusual West Arctic Storm Activity During Winter 2020: Another Collapse of the Beaufort High?
Authors: Ballinger Thomas J. , Walsh John E. , Bhatt Uma S. , Bieniek Peter A. , Tschudi Mark A. , Brettschneider Brian , Eicken Hajo , Mahoney Andrew R. , Richter‐Menge Jackie , Shapiro Lewis H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWeather and sea ice forecasts provided in support of the U.S. Navy's Ice Exercise winter 2020 campaign in the Beaufort Sea noted frequent storms in the absence of the climatological Beaufort High which coincided with anomalous eastward drift of the region's ice cover. To place the 2020 Beaufort‐Chukchi regional atmospheric conditions in historical context, we evaluated winter low sea‐level pressure (SLP) extremes and storm characteristics in the region over the 1948–2020 period. March 2020 SLP in the Beaufort‐Chukchi region was the lowest of the modern reanalysis era (1009.07 hPa) with record counts of passing storms and days with SLP at least two standard deviations below the climatological mean. The Beaufort High collapse in winter 2020 continued a recent pattern of Beaufort High collapses dating back to 2010. Unlike other recent collapses, such as 2017, most of the late‐winter 2020 cyclones originated locally over the western Arctic Ocean.
Diverse Eurasian Winter Temperature Responses to Barents‐Kara Sea Ice Anomalies of Different Magnitudes and Seasonality
Authors: Zhang Ruonan , Screen James A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe sea‐ice‐driven component of observed Eurasian temperature variability, estimated by comparing multimodel large‐ensemble simulations prescribed with either time‐varying or climatological sea‐ice, suggests an intermittent causal effect of Barents‐Kara sea‐ice on Eurasian winter temperature. To understand this intermittency better, bespoke atmospheric model experiments were conducted with the seasonality, sign, and magnitude of sea‐ice anomalies systematically altered. Stronger Eurasian cooling is found in response to modest than to large autumn sea‐ice loss because of nonlinear wave‐mean‐flow interactions that, via a stratospheric pathway, govern the dynamical responses. Winter sea‐ice loss tends to induce Eurasian warming, via thermodynamical effects, which scale approximately linearly with the magnitude of sea‐ice loss. Complete loss of sea‐ice led to Eurasian warming, suggesting the thermodynamical response dominates when sea‐ice loss is sufficiently large. Our results have implications for the stationarity, or lack thereof, of Arctic‐to‐midlatitude connections, and also for reconciling discrepancies between model experiments with different sea‐ice perturbations.
The Role of the Seismically Slow Central‐East Atlantic Anomaly in the Genesis of the Canary and Madeira Volcanic Provinces
Authors: Civiero Chiara , Custódio Susana , Neres Marta , Schlaphorst David , Mata João , Silveira Graça 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Canary and Madeira provinces in the Central‐East Atlantic Ocean are characterized by an irregular spatio‐temporal distribution of volcanism along the hotspot tracks, and several alternative scenarios have been suggested to explain it. Here, we combine results from seismic tomography, shear‐wave splitting and gravity along with plate reconstruction constraints to investigate the mantle structure and dynamics beneath those provinces. We find that the Central‐East Atlantic Anomaly (CEAA), which rises from the core‐mantle boundary and stalls in the topmost lower mantle, is the deep source of distinct upper‐mantle upwellings beneath the region. The upwellings detach intermittently from the top of the CEAA and appear to be at different evolutionary stages. We argue that the accumulation of plume material in the topmost lower mantle can play a key role in governing the first‐order spatio‐temporal irregularities in the distribution of hotspot volcanism.
Chronic post-COVID-19 syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome: Is there a role for extracorporeal apheresis?
Authors: Bornstein Stefan R. , Voit-Bak Karin , Donate Timo , Rodionov Roman N. , Gainetdinov Raul R. , Tselmin Sergey , Kanczkowski Waldemar , Müller Gregor M. , Achleitner Martin , Wang Jun , Licinio Julio , Bauer Michael , Young Allan H. , Thuret Sandrine , Bechmann Nicole , Straube Richard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs millions of patients have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus a vast number of individuals complain about continuing breathlessness and fatigue even months after the onset of the disease. This overwhelming phenomenon has not been well defined and has been called “post-COVID syndrome” or “long-COVID” [1]. There are striking similarities to myalgic encephalomyelitis also called chronic fatigue syndrome linked to a viral and autoimmune pathogenesis. In both disorders neurotransmitter receptor antibodies against ß-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors may play a key role. We found similar elevation of these autoantibodies in both patient groups. Extracorporeal apheresis using a special filter seems to be effective in reducing these antibodies in a significant way clearly improving the debilitating symptoms of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Therefore, such a form of neuropheresis may provide a promising therapeutic option for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. This method will also be effective when other hitherto unknown antibodies and inflammatory mediators are involved.
A pig BodyMap transcriptome reveals diverse tissue physiologies and evolutionary dynamics of transcription
Authors: Jin Long , Tang Qianzi , Hu Silu , Chen Zhongxu , Zhou Xuming , Zeng Bo , Wang Yuhao , He Mengnan , Li Yan , Gui Lixuan , Shen Linyuan , Long Keren , Ma Jideng , Wang Xun , Chen Zhengli , Jiang Yanzhi , Tang Guoqing , Zhu Li , Liu Fei , Zhang Bo , Huang Zhiqing , Li Guisen , Li Diyan , Gladyshev Vadim N. , Yin Jingdong , Gu Yiren , Li Xuewei , Li Mingzhou 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA comprehensive transcriptomic survey of pigs can provide a mechanistic understanding of tissue specialization processes underlying economically valuable traits and accelerate their use as a biomedical model. Here we characterize four transcript types (lncRNAs, TUCPs, miRNAs, and circRNAs) and protein-coding genes in 31 adult pig tissues and two cell lines. We uncover the transcriptomic variability among 47 skeletal muscles, and six adipose depots linked to their different origins, metabolism, cell composition, physical activity, and mitochondrial pathways. We perform comparative analysis of the transcriptomes of seven tissues from pigs and nine other vertebrates to reveal that evolutionary divergence in transcription potentially contributes to lineage-specific biology. Long-range promoter–enhancer interaction analysis in subcutaneous adipose tissues across species suggests evolutionarily stable transcription patterns likely attributable to redundant enhancers buffering gene expression patterns against perturbations, thereby conferring robustness during speciation. This study can facilitate adoption of the pig as a biomedical model for human biology and disease and uncovers the molecular bases of valuable traits.
Chiral high-harmonic generation and spectroscopy on solid surfaces using polarization-tailored strong fields
Authors: Heinrich Tobias , Taucer Marco , Kfir Ofer , Corkum P. B. , Staudte André , Ropers Claus , Sivis Murat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStrong-field methods in solids enable new strategies for ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy and provide all-optical insights into the electronic properties of condensed matter in reciprocal and real space. Additionally, solid-state media offers unprecedented possibilities to control high-harmonic generation using modified targets or tailored excitation fields. Here we merge these important points and demonstrate circularly-polarized high-harmonic generation with polarization-matched excitation fields for spectroscopy of chiral electronic properties at surfaces. The sensitivity of our approach is demonstrated for structural helicity and termination-mediated ferromagnetic order at the surface of silicon-dioxide and magnesium oxide, respectively. Circularly polarized radiation emanating from a solid sample now allows to add basic symmetry properties as chirality to the arsenal of strong-field spectroscopy in solids. Together with its inherent temporal (femtosecond) resolution and non-resonant broadband spectrum, the polarization control of high harmonics from condensed matter can illuminate ultrafast and strong field dynamics of surfaces, buried layers or thin films.