bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysexecutive Behavior in First-episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Orellana Gricel , Slachevsky Andrea , Henriquez Fernando 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Dysexecutive syndrome is a prominent and functionally significant cognitive feature of schizophrenia. This study assesses and correlates executive function deficits and dysexecutive behavior in first-episode schizophrenia patients and healthy participants.Methods: We evaluated 22 FES patients (aged 17−29 years, history of single episode of schizophrenia, treated with atypical antipsychotics) and 20 controls matched for gender, age, and education. EF was evaluated using the Modified Six Elements Test, Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Frontal Assessment Battery. DB was evaluated using the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) and Behavioral Dysexecutive Syndrome Inventory (BDSI).Results: FES patients had marked executive function impairments and dysexecutive behavior as compared to controls. Our findings suggest that executive function scores on standardized neuropsychological tests may be ecologically valid predictors of dysexecutive behavior.Conclusions: Dysexecutive behavior is common during first-episode schizophrenia and may be a primary impairment throughout disease progression. The present results inform clinical practice by providing insight into first-episode schizophrenia specific features of dysexecutive behavior. Understanding the associations between executive function and dysexecutive behavior helps to explain the social adjustment disorders associated with schizophrenia. This knowledge may be used to improve diagnostic and therapeutic tools; for example, clarifying the implications of specific DEX and BDSI dimensions could increase the efficacy of individual or familial psychotherapy interventions.
High-Arsenic Groundwater from Huaihe River Basin, China：Geochemistry and Hydrogeochemical Processes
Authors: Xu Naizheng , Gong Jianshi , Ye Yonghong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Arsenic (As) poses a danger to environmental health, and drinking arsenic-rich groundwater is a key exposure risk for humans. The distribution, migration, and enrichment of As in groundwater is an important worldwide environmental and public health problem that requires research. Huaihe River Basin has been newly identified as a region of high-arsenic groundwater in China. This study aims to analyze the hydrogeochemical data of high-arsenic groundwater, trace its formation and evolution, and evaluate its potential pollution risks. The results showed that As and F were the main inorganic chemical substances affecting the water quality in the study area, with concentrations of 5.75±5.42 μg L-1 and 1.29±0.40 mg L-1, respectively, exceeding the recommended drinking water standards of the World Health Organization by 23% and 31%, respectively. The proportion of groundwater with a high As content presents a high exposure risk. According to the hydrochemical diagram and the calculation of mineral saturation indices, the groundwater in the study area underwent evaporation, halite dissolution, and water-rock interaction. The total alkalinity of high-arsenic groundwater ranges mainly between 400–700 mg L-1, and the chemical type is mainly of HCO3-Na. High-arsenic groundwater is largely affected by evaporation and cation exchange. In an alkaline environment, As in high-arsenic groundwater derives from the dissolution and release of arsenic sulfide in aquifer sediments and poses a potential threat to human health through food and drinking water.
Population-based Study of Long-term Anticoagulation for Treatment and Secondary Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Men With Prostate Cancer in Sweden
Authors: Balabanova Yanina , Farahmand Bahman , Stattin Pär , Garmo Hans , Brobert Gunnar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological data on anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in prostate cancer are sparse. We aimed to investigate associations between anticoagulation duration and risks of VTE recurrence after treatment cessation and major on-treatment bleeding in men with prostate cancer in Sweden. Methods: Using nationwide prostate cancer registry and prescribing data, we followed 1413 men with VTE and an outpatient anticoagulant prescription following prostate cancer diagnosis. Men were followed to identify cases of recurrent VTE, and hospitalized major bleeding. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to quantify the association between anticoagulation duration (reference ≤3 months) and recurrent VTE using Cox regression. We estimated 1-year cumulative incidences of major bleedings from anticoagulation initiation.Results: The outpatient anticoagulation prescribed was parenteral (64%), direct oral anticoagulant (31%), and vitamin K antagonist (20%). Median duration of anticoagulation was 7 months. Adjusted HRs (95% CI) for off-treatment recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE) were 0.32 (0.09–1.15) for >3–6 months’ duration, 0.21 (0.06–0.69) for >6–9 months and 0.16 (0.05–0.55) for >9 months; corresponding HRs for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were 0.67 (0.27–1.66), 0.80 (0.31–2.07), and 1.19 (0.47–3.02). One-year cumulative incidences of intracranial, gastrointestinal and urogenital bleeding were 0.9%, 1.7%, 3.0% during treatment, and 1.2%, 0.9%, 1.6% after treatment cessation.Conclusion: The greatest benefit in reducing recurrent VTE risk was with >9 months anticoagulation for PE and >3–6 months for DVT. Risks of major bleeding were low not being substantially different to the risks after treatment cessation.
On the Safety of COOK Double Balloons to Promote Cervical Ripening in Pregnant Women With Group B Streptococcus Colonization
Authors: Ni Ping , Yang Weitao , Yu Lanting , Li Hua , Huang Lihui , Huang Le , Peng Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: For pregnant women who develop complications during the third trimester of pregnancy, or who have not given birth naturally after more than 41 weeks of pregnancy, artificial induction of labor is needed in order to obtain a healthy outcome for both the mother and the child. The 2014 edition of the Guidelines for Promoting Cervical Maturation and Delivery in Late Pregnancy point out that the use of COOK cervical ripening balloons to mechanically dilate the cervix can be used in the third trimester to promote cervical ripening and labor induction [1]. The disadvantage is the risk of infection, premature rupture of membranes, and umbilical cord prolapse [2]. The safety of balloon induction for pregnant women colonized by group B streptococcus (GBS) is currently lacking in multi-center clinical research data. This article will study the safety of COOK double balloon induction in pregnant women colonized by GBS.Methods: A total of 1,681 pregnant women who used COOK double balloons for cervical ripening in Changsha Maternity and Child Health Hospital from September 2018 to September 2020 were selected as the research subjects, from which 125 cases with colonization of group B streptococcus in the reproductive tract were selected as the observation group. Pregnant women without group B streptococcus colonization (N = 1556) served as the control group. This study compares the two groups’ delivery methods, postpartum complications, and neonatal conditions. Results: The rate of transition to cesarean section in the observation group was slightly higher, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.049). The rate of postpartum hemorrhage was higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Although chorioamnionitis increased compared to the control group, the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The comparison of newborn birth indicators between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: When pregnant women with colonization of group B streptococcus of the genital tract use the COOK double balloon to promote cervical ripening, the success rate of labor induction is high. Use of the balloon does not increase the cesarean section rate and the incidence of chorioamnionitis, nor does it increase the risk of neonatal infection. However, the risk of postpartum hemorrhage increases, and it is necessary to take active measures to reduce this risk.
Evaluation of the Energy Budget of the Fish Cyprinus Carpio in Acid Waters
Authors: Azeez Ibrahim Abdul , Muthuswamy Narayanan , Sethuraman Ramachandran 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study was focused on the influence of acid waters on the energy budget of the fish Cyprinus carpio. The experimental fish were tested in the experimental media (pH 5.0, 5.8, 6.6, and control 7.2) for 21 days for the bioenergetics evaluation. The fishes were fed by the fresh beef liver. The pH was upheld vigilantly throughout the investigation, after the experimental period, the results revealed the declined rates of food consumption (69.75 J/g/day), absorption (96.28 (J/g/day), conversion ( -30.76 Rate of energy conversion (J/g/day), and the hyper-metabolic rate (5.09 Energy metabolized KJ/animal) was observed in the fishes exposed to low pH 5.0, 5.8, and 6.6 respectively.
Observation of a novel reduced-turbulence regime with boron powder injection in a stellarator
Authors: Nespoli Federico , Masuzaki Suguru , Tanaka Kenji , Ashikawa Naoko , Shoji Mamoru , Gilson Erik , Lunsford Robert , Oishi Tetsutaro , Ida Katsumi , Yoshinuma Mikirou , Takemura Yuki , Kinoshita Toshiki , Motojima Gen , Kenmochi Naoki , Kawamura Gakushi , Suzuki Chihiro , Nagy Alex , Bortolon Alessandro , Pablant Novimir , Mollen Albert , Tamura Naoki , Gates David , Morisaki Tomohiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We report the first observation of a novel confinement regime in a stellarator plasma, characterized by increased confinement and reduced turbulent fluctuations. The transition to this new regime is driven by the injection of sub-millimetric boron powder grains into the plasma. With the line averaged electron density being kept constant, substantial increase of stored energy, electron and ion temperature have been observed. At the same time, the amplitude of the plasma turbulent fluctuations is halved. While lower frequency fluctuations are damped, higher frequency modes in the range 100 ≤ f [kHz] ≤ 200 are excited. The access to this regime has been observed for different heating schemes, namely with both electron and ion cyclotron resonant radio frequency, and neutral beams, for both directions of the magnetic field, and for both hydrogen and deuterium plasmas.
Safety Profile of an Intracranial Multimodal Monitoring Bolt System for Neurocritical Care: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Barajraji Mejdeddine Al , BOGOSSIAN Elisa GOUVEA , DEWITTE Olivier , GASPARD Nicolas , Hadwe Salim El , MININI Andrea , ANDRE Joachim , TACCONE Fabio Silvio , SCHUIND Sophie , BARRIT Sami 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Intracranial multimodality monitoring (iMMM) is increasingly used in acute brain injured patients; however, safety and reliability remain major concerns to its routine implementation.
Methods
We performed a retrospective study including all patients undergoing iMMM at a single European center between July 2016 and January 2020. Brain tissue oxygenation probe (PbtO2), alone or in combination with a microdialysis catheter and/or an 8-contact depth EEG electrode, was inserted using a triple lumen bolt system and targeting normal-appearing at risk brain area on the injured side, whenever possible. Surgical complications, adverse events and technical malfunctions, directly associated with iMMM were collected. A blinded imaging review was performed by an independent radiologist.
Results
113 patients with 123 iMMM insertions were included for a median monitoring time of 9 [3–14] days. Of those, 93 (76%) patients had only PbtO2 probe insertion and 30 (24%) had also microdialysis and/or iEEG monitoring. SAH was the most frequent indication for iMMM (n = 60, 53%). At least one complication was observed in 67/123 (54%) iMMM placement, corresponding to 58/113 (51%) patients. Misplacement was observed in 16/123 (13%), resulting in a total of 6/16 (38%) malfunctioning PbtO2 catheters. Intracranial hemorrhage was observed in 14 iMMM placements (11%), of which one required surgical drainage. Five placements were complicated by pneumocephalus and 4 with bone fragments, none of these requiring additional surgery. No CNS infection related to iMMM was observed. Seven (6%) probes were accidentally dislodged and 2 probes (2%) were accidentally broken. Ten PbtO2 probes (8%) presented a technical malfunction after a median of 9 [ranges: 2–24] days after initiation of monitoring and 4 of them were replaced.
Conclusions
In this study, a high occurrence of complications related to iMMM was observed, although most of them did not require specific interventions and did not result in malfunctioning monitoring.
Evaluation of Prognostic Value in Thyroid Cancer and Bone Metastasis with I-131 Therapy
Authors: Li Chao , Huang Shuo , Tang Wenfang , Feng Fang , Xu Zhongyun , Fu Hongliang , Wang Hui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives: This study is aimed to evaluate the risk factors for survival and prognostic value in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and bone metastasis (BM) with I-131 therapy.Methods: 67 consecutive patients with DTC and BM were included between 2006 and 2019. All patients received total or near-total thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment, I-131 whole-body scan (WBS) and Fluorine-18-fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18-FDG PET/CT). Variables including patient’s gender, age, pathology, laboratory examination, characteristics of BM, treatment models, and metabolic parameters of F-18-FDG PET/CT were analyzed for disease progression and survival prognosis. Results: A total of 207 BM lesions were found in 67 patients and 28 (41.79%) patients experienced disease progression. Age stratification, thyroglobulin/thyroid-stimulating hormone (Tg/TSH) level, Tg level, PET (+) ratio and RAI (+) ratio showed significant differences between patients with progression and those without progression (p<0.05). The overall survival (OS) rate was 100% at one year, 86.56% at three years, and 43.20% at five years. Base on survival analysis, Tg/TSH level, PET (+) ratio and RAI(+) ratio were independent risk factors for PFS and OS. Of parameters of PET/CT, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were the significant prognostic factors for PFS and OS in DTC and BM patients.Conclusions: Tg/TSH level, PET (+) ratio and RAI(+) ratio are the independent risk factors for survival in patients with DTC and BM. MTV and TLG are the significant prognosis factors for PFS and OS on PET/CT imaging.
Multi-modal Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Prognosis for Primary Thyroid Lymphoma Invasiveness
Authors: Peng Chenjuan , Yang Chen , Yao Jincao , Zhou LingYan , Xu Jingjing , Wu Junzhou , Zhao Jiazheng , Peng Shuailing , Xu Dong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective Sixty-nine patients with primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) were evaluated for diagnostic value and prognosis for PTL invasiveness. Methods We retrospectively (2008–2019) analyzed multi-modal ultrasonic images and clinical characteristics from pathologically confirmed PTL patients. These patients were divided into aggressive PTL(n=46) and indolent PTL(n=23). Results Age(>70 years old) and elevated LDH (lactase dehydrogenase) were statistically different clinical features between aggressive and indolent PTL. From ultrasonic images, 34 cases were nodular, 11 diffused, and 24 mixed. Mixed types displayed high invasiveness (45.7%) while diffuse types displayed higher inertness (39.1%), and differences were statistically significant (P = 0.000). Elastography, invaded thyroid capsule and increased chaotic vascularity also showed significant differences between aggressive and indolent PTL. We observed statistical difference in OS(overall survival rates) between aggressive and indolent PTL(p=0.032). Single factor Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis showed that: age > 70 years old, aggressive pathology, Ki67>30%, elastography scored >3 were positively correlated with the risk of poor prognosis of PTL (P < 0.05).Conclusions Multi-modal ultrasound provides accurate ultrasonographic information, e.g., ultrasound patterns, elastography, invaded thyroid capsules, and hypervascularity, which facilitates PTL invasiveness diagnostics for improved clinical treatment. In addition, PTL patients with age > 70 years old, aggressive pathology, Ki67>30%, elastography scored >3 are more likely to have poor prognosis.
Deep Learning for emotion analysis in Arabic tweets
Authors: KHALIL ENAS ABDEL HAKIM , Houby Enas .M.F. El , Mohamed Hoda .k. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Expressing our emotions using text and emojis expressions became widespread through social media such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Weibo, and LinkedIn. Nowadays, both organizations and individuals are interested in using social media to analyze people's opinions and extract sentiments and emotions. We proposed a model for multilabel emotion classification, using a bidirectional Long Short-term Memory BiLSTM deep network. It is evaluated on the Arabic tweets' dataset provided by SemEval 2018 for the E-c task. Several preprocessing steps, including ARLSTEM with some modifications, replacing emojis with corresponding text meaning from a manually built lexicon, and feature vector representation using Aravec word embedding is applied. The novelty in our research that it examines the effect of hyperparameter tuning on model performance, and it uses BiLSTM in all of its deep neural network layers. The proposed model achieves a comparable performance with state-of-the-art models using different machine learning and deep learning techniques. The system achieves about 9% enhancement in validation accuracy compared with the last best model in the same task using Support Vector classifier SVC; it outperforms the other deep neural networks (UNCCTeam) based on fully connected layers in micro F1 metric of about 4.4%.
N6-methyladenosine-mediated Nrf2 Regulates the Defense Mechanism Against PM2.5-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Ji Ding , Hu Chenxi , Ning Jie , Ying Xiaoling , Zhang Haiqing , Zhang Bohan , Liu Bixia , Liu Qingping , Zhang Rong , Ji Weidong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: It has been reported that particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) could induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)- and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The transcription factor Nrf2 alleviated PM2.5-induced PF by antagonizing oxidative stress. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications play a significant role in the stress response. However, the effect of m6A modification on the mechanisms of Nrf2-mediated defense against PM2.5-induced PF remain unknown. Here, we investigated the role and the underlying molecular mechanisms of m6A methylation of Nrf2 mRNA in PM2.5-induced PF. Results: Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to filtered air (FA), unfiltered air (UA) and concentrated air (CA)for 16 weeks. 16HBE cells were treated with 0, 50, or 100 µg/mL PM2.5 for 24 h. Our data showed that chronic PM2.5 exposure could induce fibrosis in lung and increase Nrf2 signals. In Nrf2 deficient cells, α-SMA expression was significantly upregulated whereas E-cadherin decreased compared with WT cells after PM2.5 treatment which implied the aggravated fibrosis. m6A methyltransferase METTL3 was upregulated after PM2.5 treatment. m6A-methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) and qRT-PCR results showed that METTL3 improved the m6A modification of Nrf2 mRNA in PM2.5-exposed 16HBE cells. MeRIP-Seq and single-base T3 ligase-based PCR results showed that the m6A-modified sites of Nrf2 mRNA were 1317, 1376, and 935 in lung of mice after PM2.5 exposure. RIP results suggested that the m6A binding proteins YTHDF1/IGF2BP1 promoted Nrf2 translation by binding to Nrf2 mRNA m6A residues.Conclusions: Our results revealed the mechanism by which m6A regulated the activities of the Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway against PM2.5-induced PF.
Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and Psychosocial Interactions in Medical Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gorantla Vasavi R , Arcaro Justin , Palacios Allison , MILLIS RICHARD M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Frontal alpha asymmetry (fAA) is a neurophysiological marker for anxiety and depression. This study tests the hypothesis that greater left-sided frontal alpha voltage is associated with negative thoughts about oneself. A group of eight healthy 28-41-year-old right-handed male medical students were subjected to an extensive interactive self-inventory (ISI) evaluating perceptions of their psychosocial interactions. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) was done with eyes closed. fAA in the alpha bandwidth (8-13 Hz) at the F7 and F8 scalp electrodes was the percent difference between mean voltages at F8 minus F7. Significance of associations between fAA and ISI scores was determined by Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, at P≤0.05. “Depressed” scores were positively correlated with right-sided fAA (P=0.01). “Relaxed” (P=0.05), “regulated” (P=0.02), “cooperative” (P=0.05) and “dependent scores” (P=0.004) were negatively correlated with right-sided fAA. These findings imply that right-sided fAA may be associated with more perceptions of “depressed” psychosocial interactions involving negative thoughts about oneself, as well as, more reliance on others (“dependence” score), less sharing (“cooperative” ISI score), less trust (“regulated” ISI score) and less initiative (“relaxed” ISI score). These results support the hypothesis that right-sided fAA may identify individuals with a predilection for negative thoughts about themselves and negatively-valenced perceptions of their psychosocial interactions.
Enriched Microbial Communities for Ammonium and Nitrite Removal from Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Neissi Alireza , Rafiee Gholamreza , Rahimi Shadi , Farahmand Hamid , Pandit Santosh , Mijakovic Ivan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was the enrichment of high-performance microbial communities in biofilters for removal of ammonium and nitrite from aquaculture water. Methods: Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were enriched from different environmental water samples. The microbial communities with higher ammonium and nitrite removal activity were selected and adapted to different temperatures [9 ºC, 15 ºC, room temperature (25 ºC), and 30 ºC]. The expression of genes involved in nitrification including ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) and nitrite oxidoreductase (NXR) were measured in temperature-adapted AOB and NOB microbiomes. The microbial species present in the selected microbiomes were identified via 16s rRNA sequencing. Results: The microbial communities containing Nitrosomonas oligotropha and Nitrobacter winogradskyi showed the highest ammonium and nitrite removal activity at all temperatures used for adaptation. Furthermore, the microbial communities do not contain any pathogenic bacteria. They also exhibited the highest expression of AMO and NXR genes. Using the enriched microbial communities, we achieved a 288% and 181% improvement in ammonium and nitrite removal over the commonly used communities in biofilters at 9 °C, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that the selected microbiomes allowed for a significant improvement of water quality in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS).