bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
لمحة عامة عن المخطوطات العربية الإسلامية في الصين / An Overview of the Arabic and Islamic Manuscripts in China
Authors: Tieying Ge 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The manuscript is considered as one of the most important cultural carriers, and Arab-Islamic manuscript is in particular an important factor that contributed to the splendor of Arab-Islamic culture in the Middle Ages, as it is an indispensable part of the Arab-Islamic civilization in the present with its cultural, religious and linguistic heritage. The paper sheds light on the Arabic manuscripts and the Islamic manuscripts in China separately, in order to present the importance of manuscripts in the Arab-Islamic civilization, and even the entire human civilization. The paper also summarizes the history and development of Arab-Islamic manuscripts in detail, and the effects of these manuscripts on contemporary Arab-Islamic civilization. The second part of the paper focuses on the status of Islamic manuscripts in China, and offers a review of the history and development of Islamic manuscripts in China. Contrary to the common methods used in research related to Arab-Islamic civilization, the paper takes a look at the details of history, and is based on logical analysis, which shows the unique charm of Arabic-Islamic manuscripts and highlights their importance to the Arab- Islamic civilization, both in the past and at the present.
مبادرة الحزام والطريق: نشأة وأهداف / The Belt and Road Initiative: Origin and Objectives
Authors: Long Ding 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a strategy initiated by Chinese government that seeks to connect Asia with Africa and Europe via land and maritime networks with the aim of increasing commercial exchange, stimulating economic growth and improving regional integration. The BRI comprises a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st century Maritime Silk Road. The initiative defines five major priorities, namely policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds. The BRI has been associated with large investment programs in infrastructure projects. It is also an increasingly important umbrella mechanism for China’s bilateral trade with BRI partners.
Biological variation data for kidney function related parameter: serum beta trace protein, creatinine and cystatin C from 22 apparently healthy Turkish subjects
Authors: Baysoy Anil , Karakoyun Inanc , Arslan Fatma Demet , Basok Banu Isbilen , Colak Ayfer , Duman Can 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Biological variation is defined as the variation in analytical concentration between and within individuals, and being aware of this biological variation is important for understanding disease dynamics. The aim of our study is to calculate the within-subject (CVI) and between-subject (CVG) biological variations of serum creatinine, cystatin C and beta trace protein (BTP), as well as the reference change value (RCV) and individuality indexes (II), which are used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate while evaluating kidney damage.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from 22 healthy volunteers for 10 consecutive weeks and stored at −80 °C until the day of analysis. While the analysis for serum creatinine was performed colorimetrically with the kinetic jaffe method, the nephelometric method was employed for cystatin C and BTP measurements. All analyses were carried out in a single session for each test.

Results
Analytical coefficient of variation (CVA) for serum creatinine, cystatin C and beta trace protein was 5.56, 3.48 and 5.37%, respectively. CVI and CVG: for serum creatinine: 3.31, 14.50%, respectively, for cystatin C: 3.15, 12.24%, respectively, for BTP: 9.91, 14.36%, respectively. RCV and II were calculated as 17.94%, 0.23 for serum creatinine, 13.01%, 0.26 for cystatin C, 31.24%, 0.69 for BTP, respectively.

Conclusions
According to the data obtained in our study, serum creatinine and cystatin C show high individuality, therefore we think that the use of RCV instead of reference ranges would be appropriate. Although II is found to be low for BTP, more studies are needed to support this finding.
Candidate Preference, State Context, and Voter Turnout: Comparing Non-Voters and Voters in the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Medenica Vladimir E. , Fowler Matthew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile much attention has been paid to understanding the drivers of support for Donald Trump, less focus has been placed on understanding the factors that led individuals to turn out and vote or stay home. This paper compares non-voters and voters in the 2016 election and explores how self-reported candidate preference prior to the election predicted turnout across three different state contexts: (1) all states, (2) closely contested states won by Trump, and (3) closely contested states won by Clinton. We find that preference for both candidates predicted turnout in the aggregate (all states) and in closely contested states won by Clinton, but only preference for Trump predicted turnout in the closely contested states won by Trump. Moreover, we find that political interest is negatively associated with preference for Clinton when examining candidate preferences among non-voters. Our analysis suggests that non-voters in the 2016 election held meaningful candidate preferences that impacted voter turnout but that state context played an important role in this relationship. This study sheds light on an understudied component of the 2016 election, the attitudes and behavior of non-voters, as well as points to the importance of incorporating contextual variation in future work on electoral behavior and voter turnout.
立法语言中“主谓结构+的”的指代功能分析
Authors: 邹玉华  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the usage of “VP + De” of “subject-predicate structure + De”, and analyzes its referential function. Besides transferred referent agent, patient, dative, and “the person or object which has possessive relationship with the object referred by subject”, “subject-predicate structure + De” in legislative language may transferred refer to the valence of certain valent nouns in VP. That relates to the written language nature of legislative language, which amounts of nominal verbs are used in legislative language.
Optimization and experimental design by response surface method for reactive extraction of glutaric acid
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Mohadikar Pranay , Anthony Fiona Mary , Shende Diwakar Z. , Wasewar Kailas L. , Ninawe Asawari , Beg Danish 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Glutaric acid is an attractive chemical compound which can be used for the manufacturing of polyesters, polyamides, and polyols. It can be produced by the synthesis (chemical method) and fermentation (biological method) process. Glutaric acid is presented with the lowest quantity in the fermentation broth and industrial waste streams. The separation methods of glutaric acid are difficult, costly, and non-environment friendly from fermentation broth. Reactive separation is a simple, cheapest, and environment-friendly process for the recovery of carboxylic acid. Which can be employed for the separation of glutaric acid with lower cost and environment-friendly process. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used as a mathematical technique to optimize and experimental design for investigation of the reactive separation of glutaric acid from the aqueous phase. As per RSM study, 20 experiments with different independent variables such as concentration of glutaric acid, % v/v of trioctylamine, and pH for recovery of glutaric acid were performed. The optimum condition with maximum efficiency (η) 92.03% for 20% trioctylamine and pH = 3 at 0.08 mol/L of glutaric acid initial concentration were observed. The lower concentration of trioctylamine provides sufficient extraction efficiency of glutaric acid. This method can also be used for the separation from fermentation broth because a lower concentration of trioctylamine which makes this process environment-friendly. The optimization condition-defined quadratic response surface model is significant with R
2 of 0.9873. The independent variables defined the effect on the extraction efficiency of glutaric acid. This data can be used for the separation of glutaric acid from industries waste and fermentation broth.
Bar forces in pulp refiners
Authors: Kerekes R. J. , McDonald J. D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRefiners develop pulp properties by applying forces on fibres during bar crossings. The size of these forces is critical in developing fibre properties while avoiding fibre shortening. This study has shown that bar force calculated from Specific Edge load (SEL) gives the same result as vector-based derivations of average bar force. Predicted forces agree reasonably well with ones measured by a novel piezo-electric sensor in refiner bars and forces estimated from measurements of fibre shortening.
An Enhanced Automated Particle Angularity Measurement Method
Authors: Roy N. , Vangla P. , Frost J. D. , Latha G. M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Angularity is an important aspect of particle morphology, directly correlated to the mechanical response and strength of granular materials. Many researchers have proposed multiple direct and indirect methods such as visual charts, analytical formulas, and advanced image-based techniques for qualitative and quantitative assessment of particle angularity, but no single method has been fully successful in distinguishing all types of particles and obtaining an accurate quantitative value of angularity. Nevertheless, because of the significant importance of the parameter, researchers have been using a few generally accepted angularity quantification methods. This paper evaluates the conceptual merits and demerits of four such methods, namely, two analog methods called “roundness index” and “degree of angularity” coined by Wadell and Lees, respectively, as well as two image-based methods called “angularity using outline slope” and “gradient angularity index” proposed by Rao, Tutumluer, and Kim and Chandan et al., respectively. The latter two methods were developed for use in conjunction with the University of Illinois Aggregate Image Analyzer and the Aggregate Imaging System, respectively. A new approach for angularity quantification is proposed herein based on insights from a rigorous analysis and critical assessment of these methods. The proposed method is compared against the existing methods based on Ward’s linkage method of clustering and is shown to be superior at distinguishing between various classes of particles. The proposed approach is demonstrated to be a better measure of the sharpness of the meso-level geometrical features of importance along a particle’s outline that are the controlling parameters contributing to particle angularity, which consequently correlates to the kinematic and mechanical response of granular materials.
PERWUJUDAN NILAI AL-BIRR WA AL-TAQWA DALAM KEPEMILIKAN
Authors: Ilmia Anisa 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIslamic economics is an economic system that is different from the capitalist economic system and the socialist economic system, one of which is the ownership rights. Islam recognizes the existence of human ownership, but still emphasizes that Allah SWT is the absolute owner of everything include the universe so that what humans have is only a mandate that must be obtained and utilized in accordance with Allah’s rules. Ownership is the integration of the Islamic economic system so that it contains an element of morality that will give birth to the value of the khilafah and the value of al-birr wa al-taqwa (goodness and obedience) in which both values are centered on divine value (Ilahiyah). The realization of these values in ownership has implications for the well-being and economic equalization to achieve “falah” (bliss of the world and the hereafter). Keywords : ownership, morality, value, Islamic economic, obedience
MEKANISME PERDAGANGAN EFEK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Pratiwi Linda 
Published: September 2021

Perkembangan lembaga keuangan syariah di Indonesia khususnya dalam bidang pasar modal syariah semakin menjadi primadona bagi para investor. Karena menjadi alternatif usaha go public yang aman. Pasar modal syariah merumuskan aturan-aturan tentang mekanisme transaksi. Dalam hal ini pasar modal syariah sebagai salah satu jenis pasar modal yang memperdagangkan komoditas berupa efek yang berjangka waktu panjang, pasar modal syariah hanya memperdagangkan reksadana Syariah, saham dan obligasi. Adapun proses penjualan dan pembelian efek Syariah seringkali dilakukan di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang sudah terdaftar. Kata Kunci : Pasar Modal, Mekanisme, Efek
AL-IJARAH AL-MUNTAHIYAH BI AL-TAMLIK (IMBT) DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PRODUK PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Alwi Masrur Agus 
Published: September 2021

Al-Ijarah al- Muntahiyah Bi al-Tamlik -selanjutnya bisa disingkat IMBT- di dunia internasional dikenal juga dengan nama ‘Hire-Purchase’ atau ‘Location Vente’ adalah salah satu bentuk hybrid contract atau multi akad (al-Uqud al-Murakkabah) yang memadukan antara akad Ijarah dengan akad Ba’i atau Hibah. Jenis akad ini berbeda dengan akad Ijarah, karena memiliki karakteristik khusus yang mana dalam akad Ijarah hanya terjadi pemindahan hak guna manfat (Intiqol al-manfaah) sedangkan di IMBT terdapat opsi pemindahan kepemilikan (Intiqol al-Milkiyah) objek sewa melalui janji dari pemilik objek sewa. Implementasi hukum dari janji ini apakah mengikat atau tidak dalam perspektif ulama salaf/klasik berbeda-beda. Sebagian ada yang menegaskan bahwa janji harus dilaksanakan secara mutlak, sebagian mengatakan mengikat secara agama namun tidak secara yuridis, dan sebagian mengatakan mengikat secara agama dan yuridis dengan kondisi tertentu. Di Indonesia, akad ini sudah memiliki legalitas yuridis dalam standar operasional di Lembaga Keuangan Syariah dengan diterbitkannya beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan yang menjelaskan mekanisme dan prosuder baku akad IMBT. Sehingga oleh Bank-bank Syariah bisa menjadikan akad ini sebagai produk yang mereka tawarkan ke nasabah. Kata kunci: Al-Ijarah al-Muntahiyah Bi al-Tamlik, Hybrid Contract, Produk Perbankan Syariah.
INTENSITAS MUZAKKI DALAM MENYALURKAN ZAKAT MELALUI LEMBAGA AMIL ZAKAT RESMI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Fasa Azmi 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to knowing the factors that affect muzakki in West Java to distribute zakat through the official amil zakat institutions. In this study, data were collected through questionnaires with convinince sampling. Respondents in this study are muzakki paying zakat through several LAZ in West Java namely: Rumah Zakat, DPUDT, Rumah Amal Salman, and LAZ Bina Muda. This research uses PLS-SEM analysis tool. The results of this study indicate a significant positive effect for attitudes, subjective norms, and perceive behavioral contro to intention of muzakki in distributing zakat through official LAZ. The model's ability to explain intention variables is 90.5%. Keywords: attitude, subjective norms, perceptual behavior control, intention, muzakki, the official Amil Zakat Institute
INVESTASI PADA REKSADANA SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ariswanto Dery 
Published: September 2021

This article has the purpose to explain and analyze sharia investment activities in Indonesia. Investment has become one of the most popular economic activities in several developed countries, so far it has been common in developing countries, such as Indonesia. Islamic mutual fund is an interesting activity for people who will invest their wealth on the trading floor in accordance with sharia rules. As Sharia mutual funds are a means or container used to collect funds from the public which will then be invested in a portfolio of securities that is assisted by the investment manager. In this case, the securities portfolio can be in the form of money market instruments, stocks, bonds, or a combination of several forms of them. The operational me­chanism in sharia mutual funds consists of two channels, first, the contract between the capital owner and the investment manager is implemented with a wakalah system. Secondly, investment managers and investment users are held in a mudharabah agreement. The basic principle in sharia mutual funds is the mudharabah or qiradh principle, which means an activity in which the capital owner gives a portion of his property to others who are competent to be further managed with the provision that the profits to be obtained from the management results are divided according to the conditions that have been agreed by both parties in advance. Keywords: investment, Islamic mutual funds.
PENGARUH NET INCOME TERHADAP PENETAPAN KEBIJAKAN DEVIDEN PADA PT. PEGADAIAN PERSERO
Authors: Widiawati Widiawati 
Published: September 2021

Perusahaan atau entitas berdasarkan tujuannya terdiri dari perusahaan yang profit oriented dan non-profit oriented (social oriented). Bagi perusahaan yang profit oriented net income atau laba merupakan tujuan utama dari kegiatan operasional usahanya. Dimana dengan laba ini perusahaan bisa bertahan hidup, tumbuh dan berkembang, bahkan dengan laba ini perusahaan mampu menyediakan kekayaan bagi para pemegang sahamyna melalui pembayaran deviden. Dimana dengan pelaporan laba dan pembagian deviden ini perusahaan bisa menunjukan performa atau kondisi finansialnya. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh net income terhadap penentuan kebijakan deviden pada PT. Pegadaian (Persero). Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, yang terdiri dari analisis deskriptif, regresi linear analisis korelasi pearson product moment, koefisien determinasi dan uji signifikansi. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa net income berpengaruh tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap kebijakan deviden. Kata kunci: Net Income dan deviden.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PSAK 109 TENTANG AKUNTANSI ZAKAT DAN INFAK/SEDEKAH PADA BAZNAS KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Yulianti Lina 
Published: September 2021

PSAK 109 adalah standar akuntansi yang diterbitkan Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI), mengatur tentang proses penyusunan laporan keuangan bagi Organisasi Pengelola Zakat (OPZ) di Indonesia. Standar akuntansi ini diberlakukan sebagai salah satu upaya dalam mewujudkan keseragaman dalam pelaporan serta menyederhanakan dalam pencatatannya sehingga masya­rakat dapat membaca laporan keuangan tersebut dan ikut dalam mengawasi pengelolaanya. Penelitian dilakukan di BAZNAS Kota Bandung yang merupakan salah satu lembaga pengelola ZIS yang dibentuk oleh Pemerintah Daerah. Saat ini dana penghimpunan terbesar adalah dari zakat profesi ASN di lingkungan pemerintah kota Bandung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kepatuhan BAZNAS Kota Bandung dalam menyusun laporan keuangan apakah telah sesuai dengan PSAK 109. Metode deskriptif kualitatif adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan cara melakukan observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa BAZNAS kota Bandung dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan zakat sepenuhnya telah menerapkan PSAK 109 dan laporan keuangan setiap tahun telah diaudit oleh Akuntan Publik serta mendapat opini “WAJAR”. Namun demikian dalam pelaporan keuangan tersebut, BAZNAS belum menggunakan Sistem Informasi Manajemen BAZNAS (SIMBA) yaitu suatu aplikasi pelaporan yang dibentuk oleh BAZNAS RI untuk penyusunan laporan keuangan berbasis web yang telah sesuai dengan PSAK 109. Kata Kunci: PSAK 109, Dana ZIS, Laporan Keuangan Zakat
TEORI KESEIMBANGAN UMUM DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Sya’diah Ainun Nurul 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini menguraikan bahasan singkat mengenai teori keseimbangan umum dalam Islam yang membahas bagaimana keseimbangan pasar dengan syariat Islam yang berlaku, serta proses penerapan didalamnya. Pembahasannya menunjukkan pola kebijakan dan peradaban ekonomi dalam Islam serta hubungannya dengan keseimbangan umum di dalam pasar yang dikhususkan menurut syariat Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pedekatan deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat beberapa teori yang menunjukan keseimbangan umum khususnya keseimbangan pasar dengan mekanisme pasar dalam Islam sebagai suatu keseimbangan dan keadilan antara permintaan dan penawaran. Kata Kunci : Keseimbangan Umum, Pasar, Ekonomi Islam
PERBANDINGAN SISTEM BAGI HASIL DAN BUNGA SERTA IMPLEMENTASI PADA BIAYA
Authors: Amiludin Amiludin 
Published: September 2021

Perilaku produsen dipengaruhi oleh dua motif, yakni maksimalisasi profit dan minimalisasi biaya, untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dibutuhkan suatu cara yang paling efektif dan efisien dengan memilih jenis sumber modal atau biaya. Perusahaan dalam pandangan Islam dapat memilih sumber modal yang tepat untuk mengoptimalkan output (produk) perusahaan, seperti qard, syirkah, mudharabah. Terdapat empat aspek dalam perdandingan sestem bagi hasil dan biaya: (1) biaya bunga yang harus dibayarkan produsen bersifat tetap, sehingga termasuk pada biaya (fixed cost), sedangkan dalam sistem bagi hasil akan mempengaruhi pada total revenue, (2) sistem profit sharing, ketika rugi kurva total revenue digambarkan dengan mulut buaya bawah, sedangkan ketika untung digambarkan dengan mulut buaya atas, berbeda halnya dengan sistem revenue sharing, kurva total revenue bergeser mendekati garis horizontal, (3) produksi dalam jumlah yang sama (Q), biaya total sistem bagi hasil selalu lebih kecil dibandingkan sitem bunga, dikarenakan bunga menjadi beban bagi produsen, karena biaya tetap naik, maka akan meningkatkan biaya total, (4) memaksimalkan produksi tanpa ada perubahan biaya, dengan menggunakan kurva TC yaitu membandingkan biaya total sistem bunga dengan sistem bagi hasil, dari hasil analisis menunjukkan biaya yang sama, jumlah produksi yang dihasilkan sistem bagi hasil lebih efisien dibandingkan sistem bunga. Kata Kunci: Sistem Bagi Hasil, Sistem Bunga, Biaya Produksi
SUKUK AND BONDS IN INDONESIA: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Witro Doli , Setiawan Iwan 
Published: September 2021

From the early 1920s to the late 20th century, there were at least 25 financial crises globally. In 2018, the Global Islamic Finance Report reported that Indonesia has tremendous potential to develop Islamic finance. Some of the Islamic financial products that can be developed in Indonesia are bonds and sukuk. Bonds are a product of the capital market. In its development, bonds have undergone relatively rapid innovation, which provides room for issuing Islamic bonds known as sukuk. This paper discusses the difference between sukuk and bonds. This paper aims to look at the differences between sukuk and bonds and the opportunities for issuance, application, and development of sukuk in Indonesia. This research is qualitative research that is literature. As for obtaining comprehensive results, this study uses two approaches consisting of a socio-historical approach and content analysis. The analysis results show that sukuk are in principle the same as bonds, with the main differences, among others, in the use of the concept of return and profit-sharing as a substitute for interest. Keywords: Sukuk; Bond; Sharia Bonds; Capital market; Indonesia