bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of place‐based socioscientific issues instruction on students' contextualization of socioscientific orientations
Authors: Herman Benjamin C. , Newton Mark H. , Zeidler Dana L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis investigation examined how a 6 week environmental topics course that included place‐based socioscientific issues (SSI) instruction in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) in the United States of America influenced 21 postsecondary students' expressed socioscientific orientations of Ecological Worldviews (including Interconnectedness and Sustainable Development); Social and Moral Compassion (including Moral and Ethical Sensitivity, Perspective Taking, and Empathetic Concern); Socioscientific Accountability (including Feelings of Responsibility and Willingness to Act); and Scientific Evidence Views (including Affordances and Constraints of Scientific Evidence). The students, who were enrolled in diverse academic majors, provided significantly different and better contextualizedtu qualitative responses across all eight socioscientific orientation dimensions after the SSI course. For instance, the students often referred to SSI they experienced, such as when indicating feeling more connected to nature and accountable for compassionate and sustainable environmental issues resolution. Moreover, the students were better able to utilize the perspectives of those they interacted with who were incurring SSI impacts (e.g., ranchers and Native Americans in the GYA) to knowledgably articulate how effective SSI resolution requires weighing scientific evidence in juxtaposition with sociocultural and ethical considerations. The coherence to which our methodological approaches and socioscientific orientation rubrics revealed how the students expressed complex cognitive, emotive, and intentional variables highlight the importance of the SSI field's need to use such standardized qualitative measures. Pedagogical considerations addressed include how to effectively implement place‐based instruction where students engage diverse groups of people experiencing and resolving SSI where they occur.
Electrocatalytic, Kinetic, and Mechanism Insights into the Oxygen‐Reduction Catalyzed Based on the Biomass‐Derived FeOx@N‐Doped Porous Carbon Composites
Authors: Lu Zhiwei , Chen Jinpeng , Wang WenLi , Li Wenjin , Sun Mengmeng , Wang Yanying , Wang Xianxiang , Ye Jianshan , Rao Hanbing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA valid strategy for amplifying the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) efficiency of non‐noble electrocatalyst in both alkaline and acid electrolytes by decorated with a layer of biomass derivative nitrogen‐doped carbon (NPC) is proposed. Herein, a top‐down strategy for the generally fabricating NPC matrix decorated with trace of metal oxides nanoparticles (FeOx NPs) by a dual‐template assisted high‐temperature pyrolysis process is reported. A high‐activity FeOx/FeNC (namely Hemin/NPC‐900) ORR electrocatalyst is prepared via simply carbonizing the admixture of Mg5(OH)2(CO3)4 and NaCl as dual‐templates, melamine and acorn shells as nitrogen and carbon source, hemin as a natural iron and nitrogen source, respectively. Owing to its unique 3D porous construction, large BET areas (819.1 m2∙g−1), and evenly dispersed active sites (FeNx, CN, and FeO parts), the optimized Hemin/NPC‐900 catalyst displays comparable ORR catalytic activities, remarkable survivability to methanol, and preferable long‐term stability in both alkali and acid electrolyte compared with benchmark Pt/C. More importantly, density function theory computations certify that the interaction between Fe3O4 nanoparticles and arm‐GN (graphitic N at armchair edge) active sites can effectually promote ORR electrocatalytic performance by a lower overpotential of 0.81 eV. Accordingly, the research provides some insight into design of low‐cost non‐precious metal ORR catalysts in theory and practice.
Dare‐to‐Share: Collaborative privacy‐preserving recommendations with (almost) no crypto
Authors: Russo Pietro , Bracciale Lorenzo , Bianchi Giuseppe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCollaborative recommending systems aim to predict a potential user‐item rating on the basis of remaining ones. Since, in several contexts, sharing of other users' ratings may be prevented by confidentiality concerns, several works have effectively addressed the design of privacy preserving recommenders. Still, most of the proposed solutions rely on advanced cryptographic methodologies, whose may conflict with the simplicity and viability requirements of real world deployments. In contrast, we propose an approach which does not require any complex cryptography. We show that whenever we can tolerate recommendations based on average values, we can transform the recommender into a privacy‐preserving one, by using two noncolluding replicas of the same system, and by distributing randomly “blinded” data to these replicas. To protecting each user's rating, a key asset of our approach is the ability to conceal which specific items are rated by which users. Our proposal is secure under the honest‐but‐curious attacker's assumption, and we show how it can be extended to guarantee robustness also against malicious adversaries. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept, we present an implementation of the proposed approach for our motivating use case—collaborative assessment of computer/network vulnerabilities without revealing which of them affect one own infrastructure.
Whole Maize Flour and Isolated Maize Starch for Production of Citric Acid by Aspergillus niger: A Review
Authors: Tong Zhenyu , Tong Yi , Wang Donghai , Shi Yong‐Cheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCitric acid is consumed in the largest tonnage among organic acids; it is also the second largest fermentation product after ethanol. Citric acid has high economic value due to its numerous applications. The production of citric acid is increasing steadily, along with improved yield efficiency and more advanced technologies. The focus of this review is the two categories of processes producing citric acid using Aspergillus niger, the first starting with whole maize flour and the second starting from maize starch. Alternate substrates and recent methods to improve citric acid fermentation are discussed. The latest patents on production of citric acid are listed and summarized.
Long noncodingRNA MCF2L‐AS1promotes the cancer stem cell‐like traits in non‐small cell lung cancer cells through regulatingmiR‐873‐5p level
Authors: Li Shouguo , Lin Liancheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MCF2L‐AS1 have been identified in colorectal cancer, however, its roles in lung cancer progression have never been revealed. Here, we found that lncRNA MCF2L‐AS1 was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells, especially in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Functional experiments showed that MCF2L‐AS1 knockdown suppressed the cancer stem cell (CSC)‐like traits of NSCLC cells through qRT‐PCR, western blot, tumor‐sphere formation, and ALDH activity detection. Additionally, bioinformatic assay combined with RNA pull down and luciferase reporter analysis confirmed that MCF2L‐AS1 downregulated miR‐873‐5p level. Furthermore, miR‐873‐5p expression exhibited a lower level in lung cancer tissues and cells, and a negative correlation with MCF2L‐AS1 expression in lung cancer tissues. Moreover, miR‐873‐5p inhibition partially reversed the suppression of MCF2L‐AS1 on the CSC‐like traits on NSCLC cells. Thus, this work identifies a novel MCF2L‐AS1/miR‐873‐5p regulatory axis responsible for the CSC‐like traits of NSCLC cells.
Size Matters: the Influence of Trap and Mesh Size on Turtle Captures
Authors: Ennen Joshua R. , Cecala Kristen K. , Gould Philip , Colvin Robert , Denison Jeremy , Garig Dustin F. , Hyder Saidee , Recker Lewis , Davenport Jon M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTMethods used in wildlife ecology can influence population‐ and community‐level estimates, such as species richness, sex ratio, age and size structure, occupancy and detection probabilities, and community composition. Various trapping and sampling biases exist for freshwater turtles including bait and trap choice and survey technique. To date, no study has investigated the influence of hoop net and mesh size on various population‐ and community‐level estimates. Here, we use detection models to determine if trap and mesh size influence detection probability of nine species of freshwater turtles over 3 consecutive years (2016–2018) in west Tennessee. Additionally, we use multivariate models to determine if freshwater turtle community composition was influenced by hoop trap and mesh sizes. Our results indicated that there was a bias related to mesh size in detection probabilities and community composition. Smaller mesh sized traps were better at detecting smaller‐bodied turtle species, which then changed community species richness but not catch‐per‐unit‐effort estimates (i.e., abundance). Additionally, larger mesh sized traps were better at detecting common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina), which supports previous research. Our results suggest that researchers should account for the variation in detection probabilities by mesh size when conducting mark‐recapture and occupancy analyses. Moreover, erroneous inferences about population trends and changes in diversity within turtle communities through time could cause managers to misidentify population declines and conservation value of a site. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Sidestepping Rights: An Analysis of the Intersection of Human Rights Obligations and Their Practical Implications for Older Migrants
Authors: Lui Gallassi Ada , Harrysson Lars 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter concerns human rights, and its international legal setting in relation to migration and older age, and its implications for experiences of civic exclusion. There is a lack of scientific literature exploring the labour status of migrants, the relationship between labour experiences and civic and socio-cultural exclusionary processes, and the implications for socio-economic exclusion outcomes. The principles of equality and non-discrimination enshrined in several international human rights legal instruments will be presented within an international mobility perspective to assess whether the protection mechanisms of human and labour rights are in line with the migratory phenomenon brought by globalization. In this context, the chapter’s focus will be on the rights to work and social security as two main human rights provisions to circumvent mechanisms of civic exclusion, and secure better socio-economic outcomes for older migrants. A case derived from a research project concerning migrants and pensions in a Swedish municipality will provide an illustrative example of some of the principal dilemmas illuminated in the intersection of generalized rights and practical outcomes.
Introduction: Framing Exclusion from Social Relations
Authors: Burholt Vanessa , Aartsen Marja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this part we focus on the domain of exclusion from social relations where social relations can be defined as comprising social resources, social connections and social networks. Other types of social engagement with formal civic, political and voluntary groups and organisations are not included in this part, but instead are incorporated in the domain of civic exclusion [see Part VI]. Theorising on exclusion from social relations is facilitated by the ROSEnet Cost Action, which brought together experts in the field and led to the publication of a critical review and development of a conceptual model of exclusion from social relations for older people (Burholt et al. 2019). The model captured the complexity of exclusion from social relations through a subjective interpretation of the literature and took into account the inter-relationships between systems in the critical human ecology framework (Fig. 6.1). The synthesis of the findings was endorsed by the working group on social relations comprising 45 members from 25 countries. The purpose of this introduction is to outline what exclusion from social relations involves, and to frame the three contributions within this part in the broader research debates and scholarship on this topic.
Conflicting Relations, Abuse and Discrimination Experienced by Older Adults
Authors: Waldegrave Charles , Aartsen Marja , Lowenstein Ariela , Seppänen Marjaana , Niemi Mia , Melchiorre Maria Gabriella , Lamura Giovanni 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter brings together three dimensions of negative social relations as they impinge on and are experienced by older people, which have not been addressed together in previous studies. Each dimension, conflictual relationships, abuse and discrimination, is characterised by demeaning social interactions that are important to address when considering social exclusion in ageing societies. Five national studies were carried out in Norway, Finland, Israel, Italy and New Zealand. The studies in each dimension confirmed many of the findings of earlier research that have identified the negative health and social relations associations with each dimension. The three dimensions that are usually studied within their own boundaries are brought together to demonstrate the similar way each reduces the quality of life and social inclusion of older people. They function as exclusionary mechanisms in comparable ways within the social relations domain and have an important place in a conceptual framework of old-age social exclusion. While previous research has focussed on each dimension separately, this lens on the similarities and interrelationships of the three dimensions has enabled a broader understanding of exclusionary mechanisms. It also enables more comprehensive and effective policy formation, than a focus on one dimension at a time.
Towards a Natural Social Contract
Authors: Huntjens Patrick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this chapter I will explain why and how the sustainability transition is humankind’s search for a new social contract: a Natural Social Contract (conceptualization by author). I will start with a brief introduction on the origins of the social contract (Sect. 3.1), followed by a debate on the question whether there can be human progress without economic growth (Sect. 3.2) and a section on redesigning economics based on ecology, including circular and regenerative economies and cultures (Sect. 3.3). This chapter includes a debate on the role and scope of the free market (Sect. 3.4), as well as an examination of how the Anglo-Saxon and Rhineland models fare in this debate (Sect. 3.5). This chapter will also describe why we need a new social contract and what it should entail (Sect. 3.6). In doing so, I will embark on a quest for a Natural Social Contract (Sect. 3.7) and its theoretical foundations with multiple dimensions and crossovers (Sect. 3.8). This section concludes with an overview of fundamentals and design principles for a societal transformation towards a Natural Social Contract (see Table 3.4), which is a summary of Sect. 3.8 shaped as a course of action and is intended to help readers to grasp the core rationale of this book. For a better understanding of, and advancing the process towards, a Natural Social Contract this chapter presents a conceptual framework for Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation (Sect. 3.9), and how this will play out at various governance levels (Sect. 3.10).
Conceptual Background of Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation
Authors: Huntjens Patrick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this chapter I survey key theories and concepts that provide substance to the workings of Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation (TSEI). A number of relevant theories and concept have already been mentioned in the previous chapters, such as Social Contract theory (Sect.3.1), and in Sects.3.8and3.9, including resilience theory and social-ecological systems (Sect.3.8), quintuple helix innovation model (Sect.3.9), as well as institutional change and the structure-agency debate (Sect.3.9), and several economic theories (Sects.3.2and3.3). In this chapter I will start with providing a conceptual discussion and definition on Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation (Sect. 4.1), and devote more attention to various theories and approaches that are relevant for TSEI, such as transition studies (Sect. 4.2), institutional design principles for governing the commons (Sect. 4.3), design principles from nature (Sect. 4.4), complex adaptive systems (Sect. 4.5), adaptive, reflexive, and deliberative approaches to governance, management, and planning (Sect. 4.6), social learning, policy learning, and transformational learning (Sect. 4.7), shared value, multiple value creation, and mutual gains approach (Sect. 4.8), effective cooperation (Sect. 4.9), transdisciplinary cooperation, living labs, and citizen science (Sect. 4.10), and the art of co-creation: approaches, principles and pitfalls (Sect. 4.11).
Governance of Urban Sustainability Transitions
Authors: Huntjens Patrick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMy research group is involved in collaborations with the dynamic ‘Amsterdam Metropolitan Region (MRA)’ and ‘Rotterdam-The Hague Metropolitan Region (MRDH)’, with the objective to investigate the complex governance challenges and opportunities related to urban sustainability transitions, mainly through transdisciplinary collaboration. The resulting knowledge and skills are used to support and engage with Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation (TSEI) in-the-making, which in turn will generate new knowledge and skills (i.e. in iterative learning cycles). This chapter starts with a brief overview of urban sustainability challenges (Sect. 7.1). Research activities are centred around the transition to climate-resilient and healthy cities (Sect. 7.2), feeding and greening megacities (Sect. 7.3), as well as the transition from linear to circular and regenerative economies and cultures in (mega) cities (Sect. 7.4). In parallel, a new transdisciplinary Minor is developed, called ‘Collaboration for the City of the Future’ (Sect. 7.4).
Neurogenic substance P—influences on action potential production in afferent neurons of the kidney?
Authors: Rodionova Kristina , Hilgers Karl F. , Linz Peter , Schätzl Johannes , Raschke Giulia , Ott Christian , Schmieder Roland E. , Schiffer Mario , Amann Kerstin , Veelken Roland , Ditting Tilmann 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe recently showed that a substance P (SP)–dependent sympatho-inhibitory mechanism via afferent renal nerves is impaired in mesangioproliferative nephritis. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that SP released from renal afferents inhibits the action potential (AP) production in their dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Cultured DRG neurons (Th11-L2) were investigated in current clamp mode to assess AP generation during both TRPV1 stimulation by protons (pH 6) and current injections with and without exposure to SP (0.5 µmol) or CGRP (0.5 µmol). Neurons were classified as tonic (sustained AP generation) or phasic (≤ 4 APs) upon current injection; voltage clamp experiments were performed for the investigation of TRPV1-mediated inward currents due to proton stimulation. Superfusion of renal neurons with protons and SP increased the number of action potentials in tonic neurons (9.6 ± 5 APs/10 s vs. 16.9 ± 6.1 APs/10 s, P < 0.05, mean ± SD, n = 7), while current injections with SP decreased it (15.2 ± 6 APs/600 ms vs. 10.2 ± 8 APs/600 ms, P < 0.05, mean ± SD, n = 29). Addition of SP significantly reduced acid-induced TRPV1-mediated currents in renal tonic neurons (− 518 ± 743 pA due to pH 6 superfusion vs. − 82 ± 50 pA due to pH 6 with SP superfusion). In conclusion, SP increased action potential production via a TRPV1-dependent mechanism in acid-sensitive renal neurons. On the other hand, current injection in the presence of SP led to decreased action potential production. Thus, the peptide SP modulates signaling pathways in renal neurons in an unexpected manner leading to both stimulation and inhibition of renal neuronal activity in different (e.g., acidic) environmental contexts.
Multichannel environmental sound segmentation
Authors: Sudo Yui , Itoyama Katsutoshi , Nishida Kenji , Nakadai Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a multichannel environmental sound segmentation method. Environmental sound segmentation is an integrated method to achieve sound source localization, sound source separation and classification, simultaneously. When multiple microphones are available, spatial features can be used to improve the localization and separation accuracy of sounds from different directions; however, conventional methods have three drawbacks: (a) Sound source localization and sound source separation methods using spatial features and classification using spectral features trained in the same neural network, may overfit to the relationship between the direction of arrival and the class of a sound, thereby reducing their reliability to deal with novel events. (b) Although permutation invariant training used in autonomous speech recognition could be extended, it is impractical for environmental sounds that include an unlimited number of sound sources. (c) Various features, such as complex values of short time Fourier transform and interchannel phase differences have been used as spatial features, but no study has compared them. This paper proposes a multichannel environmental sound segmentation method comprising two discrete blocks, a sound source localization and separation block and a sound source separation and classification block. By separating the blocks, overfitting to the relationship between the direction of arrival and the class is avoided. Simulation experiments using created datasets including 75-class environmental sounds showed the root mean squared error of the proposed method was lower than that of conventional methods.
Comorbidity Between Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents: Bridge Symptoms and Relevance of Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Konac Deniz , Young Katherine S. , Lau Jennifer , Barker Edward D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDepression and anxiety are highly prevalent and comorbid in adolescents, and this co-occurrence leads to worse prognosis and additional difficulties. The relationship between depression and anxiety must be delineated to, in turn, reduce and prevent the comorbidity, however our knowledge is still limited. We used network analysis to investigate bridge symptoms; symptoms that connect individual depression and anxiety symptoms and thus can help explain the comorbidity. We also examined the role of relevant risk and protective factors in explaining these symptom-level associations between these disorders. We analyzed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents (n = 3670). Depression and anxiety symptoms, peer victimization, bullying, peer relational problems, prosocial behavior, and parental monitoring were assessed at a single time point around age 13 years. Stressful life events (SLEs) were assessed at age 11 years. We identified the most prominent bridge symptoms among depression (“feeling unhappy”, “feeling lonely”) and anxiety symptoms (“worrying about past”, “worrying about future”). Peer relational difficulties and SLEs were strongly associated with several depression and anxiety symptoms, such that these two risk factors created a link between individual depression and anxiety symptoms. Prosocial behavior had several negative associations with symptoms of both disorders, suggesting it can be an important protective factor.