bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic evidence for the tectonics of Central and Western Asia
Authors: Scheidegger A. E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA statistical analysis of the null axes of the fault-plane solutions of earthquakes in any one area permits determination of the average tectonic motion direction of that area. In the present paper this method has been applied to areas in central and western Asia for which several hundred fault-plane solutions are readily available in the literature. The investigation yields the result that (seismically) calculated tectonic motion directions in a series of small areas that are part of a larger unit are consistent with each other and that there is in every case an excellent correlation with the tectonic motion of the area as postulated from geological studies. This appears to justify completely the seismic method.The seismically determined tectonic motion in central Asia appears to be mainly in a north-south direction. The motion refers to the present time (since the earthquakes occur at the present time), but it is the same as that postulated in geology for an explanation of the folding of the central Asian mountain ranges. This demonstrates that the stress system which created the central Asian mountains is active at the present time.
A community study on awareness of iron deficiency and screening early adolescents who are likely to be iron deficient in government schools
Authors: Reddy Mohana I. , Parameshwara Apoorva , Kumar Kishore , Maski Rahul , Nekkanti Vineela , Ranganathan Srinivasan 
Published: May 2021

Background: Iron deficiency is one of the major concerns of nutritional deficiencies in developing countries. Iron is an essential element for various biological processes. ID can result from inadequate intake or absorption of dietary iron, increased need during growth period of children and blood loss from infection. According to WHO, the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia is 20% or higher. IDA in children has been linked to increased childhood morbidity and impaired cognitive development and school performance.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out on 413 government school children in Bangalore of age group of 11-16 years. Questionnaires were provided to assess their knowledge. The demographic details of the study subjects like height, weight and physical examination, dietary intake of foods by the children were collected.Results: The paired two sample t-test was used to calculate the significance between the pre and post-educational test. The measure of the subjective data of the parameters as BMI, physical examination, dietary history; indicates that out of 413 students who had undergone assessment for iron deficiency, 70.70% students might be healthy, 14.29%, 10.73% and 4.28% students might be mild, moderate and severely prone to ID respectively.Conclusions: This study provided students with knowledge of ID and awareness of signs and symptoms for early detection of ID.
The Pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ scopes of practice in the management of minor ailments at community pharmacies in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mizranita Vinci , Sim Tin F. , Sunderland Bruce , Parsons Richard , Hughes Jeffery D. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Managing minor ailments in community pharmacy is an evolving pharmacy service in developing countries. Defined scopes of practice for pharmacy staff are essential for the safe management of minor ailments. Limited research exists regarding the perceptions of Indonesian pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ scopes of practice in providing minor ailments management services.
Objective: To evaluate pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ understanding of their scopes of practice, perceived competency and factors influencing the delivery of minor ailments services in Indonesian community pharmacies.
Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted during January-February 2020 of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians attending seminars conducted by relevant Indonesian Associations in Central Java, Indonesia. Percentage of common responses (PCR) described similarity of perceived scopes of practice for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified associations of scopes of practice with pharmacy characteristics.
Results: A total of 185 pharmacists and 142 pharmacy technicians participated. Pharmacy technicians performed minor ailment consultations, however, if considered beyond their scope of practice, they referred the patient to the pharmacist (T=120/142, 84.5%). Vaginal thrush, bacterial conjunctivitis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and acute pain were minor ailments perceived only within a pharmacist’s scope (PCR above 60%). Of 34 minor ailments, 11 showed PCR values between 40-60% overlapping pharmacists and pharmacy technicians perceived scopes of practice (allergy/rash, back pain, cold sores, dermatitis, diarrhoea, eczema, hayfever, haemorrhoids, rheumatism, sore throat, and superficial wounds). Back pain, cold sores, dermatitis, and sore throat associated pharmacists’ scope of practice with years of practice experience (p-value<0.05). Pharmacy technicians perceived their scopes of practice to be wider than perceived by pharmacists.
Conclusions: Discordance between pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ perceived scopes of minor ailments management highlights the need for clearly defined scopes of practice for each professional group. Each professional group must practise within their competence to ensure safe pharmacy practices.
KAJIAN TEKNIS SISTEM PENIRISAN TAMBANG DALAM OPTIMALISASI PEMOMPAAN DI PT SEMSTA CENTRAMAS
Authors: Ferdiansyah Evri , Triantoro Agus , Dwiatmoko Marselinus Untung 
Published: May 2021

Sistem penirisan tambang di PT Semesta Centramas menggunakan sistem kolam terbuka (open sump) dengan pemompaan tunggal. Kapasitas sump yang ada tidak mampu mengatasi debit limpasan yang masuk ke area tambang sehingga perlu dikaji kapasitas sump untuk mencegah air meluap ke arah penambangan batubara serta mengkaji sistem pemompaan untuk memompa air keluar dari sump secara efektif dan efisien.Pada penelitian ini, perhitungan curah hujan rencana menggunakan distribusi log normal, perhitungan intensitas hujan menggunakan persamaan mononobe, penentuan luas catchment area menggunakan software pertambangan., perhitungan debit limpasan menggunakan metode rasional, dan perhitungan debit pemompaan berdasarkan metode dischargeHasil perhitungan curah hujan rencana adalah 123,63 mm, hasil perhitungan intensitas hujan adalah 5,15 mm/jam, luas catchment area adalah 54,24 ha, hasil perhitungan debit limpasan adalah 0,698 m3/s, dan hasil perhitungan debit pemompaan dengan total debit sebesar 733 m3/jam. Dengan hasil ini, maka perlu dilakukan perluasan sump dan pengoptimalan sistem pemompaan. Kata-kata kunci: Open Sump, limpasan, pemompaan
Routine Postoperative Chemistry Panels Are Not Necessary for Most Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Tischler Eric H. , Restrepo Camilo , Ponzio Danielle Y. , Austin Matthew S. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The routine use of traditional chemistry-7 (chem-7) laboratory tests following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has been called into question with the advent of short-stay procedures. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical interventions associated with inpatient abnormal routine postoperative chem-7 panels.

Methods:
From 2015 to 2017, 3,162 patients underwent a total of 3,721 TJA procedures, including primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) (n = 1,939; 52.1%) or primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (n = 1,782; 47.9%). Patients underwent routine preoperative and postoperative chem-7 testing. Clinical interventions were identified. With use of mixed-effects multivariate logistic regression, potential risk factors for abnormal chemistry panel values (including preoperative chem-7 results, type of surgery, age, sex, race, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] score, and medications) were analyzed.

Results:
The rates of abnormal preoperative laboratory results were 3.4% for sodium (Na+), 7.4% for potassium (K+), 15.8% for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and 26.4% for creatinine (Cr). The incidence of abnormal postoperative results was low for K+ (9.7%) and higher for Na+ (25.6%), BUN (55.6%), and Cr (27.9%). Preoperative abnormal laboratory results were a significant predictor of a postoperative abnormality for Na+ (odds ratio [OR] = 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.82 to 2.54), K+ (OR = 4.22; 95% CI = 3.03 to 5.88), and Cr (OR = 3.00; 95% CI = 2.45 to 3.68). Bilateral TJA was associated with increased odds of abnormal postoperative Na+ (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.44 to 1.68). Renal disease was associated with increased odds of abnormal postoperative Cr (OR = 15.21; 95% CI = 5.67 to 40.77). Patients taking loop diuretics had increased odds of abnormal postoperative K+ (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.11) and Cr (OR = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.56 to 3.33). Regarding intervention, 6.7% of hypokalemic patients received potassium chloride (KCl) fluid/tablets. Forty percent of hyponatremic patients received sodium chloride (NaCl) fluid/tablets. The electrolyte-related medicine consultation rate was 0.3% (13 of 3,721).

Conclusions:
On the basis of our findings, we recommend postoperative chem-7 testing for patients with an abnormal preoperative laboratory result (Na+, K+, BUN, Cr), preexisting renal disease, bilateral TJA, and prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), and diuretics.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Syndrome in Revision Arthroplasty for a Prosthetic Knee Infection
Authors: Portney Daniel A. , Baker Hayden P. , Boyle Margaret M. , Barbosa Victoria H. , Luu Hue H. 
Published: May 2021

Case:
A 51-year-old woman underwent stage I of a 2-stage revision for a prosthetic knee infection with a vancomycin-impregnated articulating cement spacer followed by IV vancomycin and ceftriaxone. Four weeks later, she developed fevers, a diffuse cutaneous eruption, lymphadenopathy, transaminitis, and acute renal tubular necrosis before being diagnosed with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic syndrome (DRESS).

Conclusion:
DRESS is a rare, potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction with cutaneous manifestations and multiorgan involvement. Although rare, its incidence in orthopaedic patients is likely to increase with the aging population. It must be recognized early to minimize end-stage organ dysfunction and mortality.
A protocol to generate SPH-OminiCMV-Ents mESCs
Authors: Gao Ni , Hu Jing , Zhou Haibo , Yang Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Detection of genetic information in the natural context is essential to understand the biological principles. However, the ability to sense the activity of endogenous genes is limited for conventional tools. Here, we developed a highly programmable sgRNA switch system (Ents) that enables detection of endogenous genes and lncRNAs, even with very low expression level. This protocol is related to the publication “Endogenous promoter-driven sgRNA for monitoring the expression of low-abundant genes and lncRNAs” in Nature Cell Biology.
Single-Cell Mapping and 3D Tissue Reconstruction using Cryosection-derived Images and Tissue Mapper software
Authors: Robbins Shanina , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth , Schwaber James 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present protocol describes the process of using the MBF Bioscience Tissue Mapper software to create a 3D reconstructed stack from contouring the block face images of serial cryosections and mark the individual immunolabeled cells onto the contoured images. The stack of aligned, contoured and annotated images can be visualized as a 3D reconstruction that depicts the tissue shape as it was embedded and cryosectioned, relative positions of various tissue features, and locations of individually marked neurons within the tissue, yielding a 3D anatomical map of the distribution of cells of interest with a tissue. This protocol can be used in conjunction with other protocols for sampling spatially-tracked single neurons using laser capture micro-dissection and assessed for molecular profiles using transcriptomics approaches. Such integration extends the present protocol to enable 3D visualization of molecular data in conjunction with the anatomical information for spatial transcriptomic analysis.
Multifocal IOL Explantation in Patients with Opaque Lentis after Refractive Lens Exchange
Authors: Phylactou Maria , Din Nizar , Matarazzo Francesco , Maurino Vincenzo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We describe the outcomes of intraocular lens (IOL) explantation in a cluster of opaque multifocal Lentis LS-313 following refractive lens exchange (RLE).
Methods
Single-centre, single-surgeon, retrospective case series.
Results
The study enrolled 10 eyes of 10 patients, 6 male and 4 female. All patients had uneventful RLE with multifocal IOL implantation. The mean patient age at the time of RLE was 53 years ± 2.52 (SD). Two eyes had YAG laser capsulotomy prior explantation. The mean interval between the initial RLE and IOL explantation was 5.4 years ± 1.4 (SD). IOL exchange was performed in all eyes in one procedure. Five eyes had in the bag hydrophobic acrylic IOL (3 multifocal and 2 monofocal) three eyes had 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOL in the ciliary sulcus and two had an anterior chamber IOL. Intraoperatively one patient had weak zonules and two patients had zonular dehiscence and required anterior vitrectomy. The mean preoperative CDVA was 0.25 ± 0.15 (SD) logMAR and at the final follow-up, improved to 0.00 ± 0.07 (SD) logMAR (p < 0.01). Light microscopy with von Kossa stain confirmed IOL calcification. No postoperative complications were recorded.
Conclusions
IOL exchange appears to be a feasible and safe surgical option for multifocal IOL opacification. However, patients must be warned of additional intraoperative risks including zonular dialysis, vitreous loss, retinal detachment and need for potential ACIOL with its associated sequel of complications. Moreover, YAG laser capsulotomy should be considered carefully as increases the chances of intraoperative complications and restricts the surgical options of secondary IOL insertion, including in-the-bag IOL exchange with MFIOL.
Plant-mediated rhizospheric interactions in rice-water spinach intercropping enhance Si uptake by rice
Authors: Ning Chuanchuan , Wang Lei , Liu Rui , Pan Taowen , Cai Yixia , Tian Jihui , Luo Shiming , Cai Kunzheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aims Although biodiversity utilization in paddy fields has increased in recent years, silicon (Si) nutrition of rice in intercropping systems is poorly understood. On the basis of our previous study, the present research focused on deciphering the underlying mechanisms involved in rice and water spinach intercropping, which enhance Si uptake by rice.Methods We carried out a series of experiments including field, greenhouse, and incubation experiments to explore the underlying mechanisms.Results The field trials showed that rice-water spinach intercropping with different row ratios can increase Si concentration by 9.8%-52.6% and Si absorption by 34.7%-127.8% in rice leaves at ripening stage compared to rice monoculture. The pot trials further indicated that intercropping can promote rice to increase Si concentration in Si-deficient soil, with an increase of 35.9% in stems and 29.7% in leaves, and intercropping significantly increased soil water-soluble Si content by 168.1% compared to rice monoculture. Further research indicated that there was an interaction between rice roots and water spinach roots under intercropping conditions, which not only induced the up-regulated expression of Si transporter genes in rice roots (OsLsi1, OsLsi2) and stems (OsLsi6), but also stimulated rice roots to secrete more organic acids to increase Si availability in the soil. Moreover, water spinach root exudates helped the mobilization of Si in soil through proton efflux of roots. Conclusions Rice-water spinach intercropping can greatly enhance Si absorption of rice through several beneficial ways, which will have important practical significance for sustainable rice production, especially in Si-deficient soils.
Effects of episodic slow slip on seismicity and stress near a subduction-zone megathrust
Authors: Kita Saeko , Houston Heidi , Yabe Suguru , Tanaka Sachiko , Asano Youichi , Shibutani Takuo , Suda Naoki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Slow slip phenomena deep in subduction zones reveal cyclic processes downdip of locked megathrusts. Here we analyze seismicity within a subducting oceanic slab under Kii Peninsula, Japan, spanning nearly 50 major deep slow slip and tremor episodes over 17 years. Changes in rate, b-values, and stress orientations of inslab seismicity are temporally associated with the slow slip episodes. Furthermore, although stress orientations in the slab below these slow slips may rotate slightly, inslab orientations 20 to 50 km updip from there rotate significantly, suggesting previously-unrecognized transient slow slip occurs on the plate interface updip. We infer that fluid migrates from slab to interface, promoting episodes of slow slip, which break mineral seals, letting fluid migrate 10’s of km further updip along the interface where it promotes transient slow slips. The proposed methodology, based primarily on inslab seismicity, may help monitor plate boundary conditions and slow slip phenomena, which can signal the beginning stages of megathrust earthquakes.
Systemic Inflammation Alters The Neuroinflammatory Response: A Prospective Clinical Trial In Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lassarén Philipp , Lindblad Caroline , Frostell Arvid , Carpenter Keri LH , Guilfoyle Mathew R , Hutchinson Peter JA , Helmy Adel , Thelin Eric Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been shown to be associated with secondary injury development, however how systemic inflammatory mediators affect this is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to see how systemic inflammation affects markers of neuroinflammation, if this inflammatory response had a temporal correlation between compartments and how different compartments differ in cytokine composition.Methods: TBI patients recruited to a previous randomized controlled trial studying the effects of the drug anakinra (Kineret®), a human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL1ra), were used (n=10 treatment arm, n=10 control arm). Cytokine concentrations were measured in arterial and jugular venous samples twice a day, as well as in microdialysis-extracted brain extracellular fluid (ECF) following pooling every 6 hours. C-reactive protein level (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), temperature and confirmed systemic clinical infection were used as systemic markers of inflammation. Principal component analyses, linear mixed-effect models, cross-correlations and multiple factor analyses were used.Results: Jugular and arterial blood held similar cytokine information content, but brain-ECF was markedly different. No clear arterial to jugular gradient could be seen. No substantial delayed temporal associations between blood and brain compartments were detected. The development of a systemic clinical infection resulted in a significant decrease of IL1-ra, G-CSF, PDGF-ABBB, MIP-1b and RANTES (p<0.05, respectively) in brain-ECF, even if adjusting for injury severity and demographic factors, while an increase in several cytokines could be seen in arterial blood. Conclusions: Systemic inflammation, and infection in particular, alters cytokine levels with different patterns seen in brain and in blood. Cerebral inflammatory monitoring provides independent information from arterial and jugular samples, which both demonstrate similar information content. These findings could present potential new treatment options in severe TBI patients, and stresses the need of adequate monitoring of inflammatory markers.
Research of the Influence of Production Technologies on the Positioning Accuracy of a Robotic Arm for Low Handling Weights
Authors: Michalik Peter , Molnár Vieroslav , Fedorko Gabriel , Stehlíková Beáta , Tirpak Peter , Macej Jozef 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The subject of the paper is the research of production technologies influence on positioning accuracy of a robotic arm. The aim was to find out whether different production technologies (additive and conventional) and the related design differences of the robotic arm affect its operational functionality. In the research, positioning accuracy of a robotic arm formed by 3 partial arms was specifically investigated, while the first partial arm Arm I was manufactured by two different technologies. On the robotic arm, the research was carried out in such a way that the first partial arm, Arm I, was being continuously changed and was available for research purposes in two variants. Each of the Arm I variants was manufactured using a different technology (additive and conventional) while, at the same time, the individual variants also differed in construction. The design differences of both variants were related to the production technology used. The measurement of positioning accuracy was performed with the use of two methods. Specifically, a contact and a non-contact method was used. The contact method was implemented on a 3D-measuring machine RAPID and the second contactless method was performed using an inductive sensor. The maximum working load of the robotic arm was 2 kg, so the positioning accuracy was examined at three degrees of operating load equal to 0; 50 and 100% of the maximum workload.
Removal of Elemental Mercury from Flue Gas using the Magnetic Attapulgite by Mn-Cu Oxides Modification
Authors: Long Yifei , He Zhong , Li Xiaoyi , Yin Yajie , Wang Yuan , Li Honghu , Hu Jiangjun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mercury pollution has become one of the most concerned environmental issues in the world because of its high toxicity, non-degradability and bioaccumulation. Attapulgite adsorbents modified by magnetic manganese-copper (MnxCuy-MATP) were fabricated by co-precipitation and ultrasonic impregnation method,aiming at removing Hg0 from coal-fired flue gas. BET, SEM, XRD, VSM and XPS were used to systematically explore the physical and chemical properties of the adsorbents, the effects of manganese and copper additions, reaction temperature and various components in the flue gas on the efficiency of Hg0 removal were investigated. Mn8Cu5-MATP exhibited the optimal properties, and excessive copper loadings led to the aggregation of the active components. The efficiency of mercury removal can be effectively improved by NO and HCl regardless of the absence and presence of O2, because the NO+, NO3, NO2 and Cl* produced during the reaction can promote the adsorption and oxidation of Hg0. SO2 and H2O inhibited the oxidation of Hg0 because of the competitive adsorption at the active sites, while a large amount of sulfite and sulfate were formed to block the pores. However, the introduction of copper caused the sample to obtain SO2 resistance, which resulted in a mercury removal efficiency of 84.3% even under 1500 ppm SO2. In addition, after 5 cycles of adsorption and regeneration, Mn8Cu5-MATP can still maintain excellent Hg0 removal ability. The fabricated adsorbent can save the actual production cost and effectively improve the mercury removal efficiency in sulfur-containing flue gas.