bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed Simulation Platforms and Data Passing Tools for Natural Hazards Engineering: Reviews, Limitations, and Recommendations
Authors: Xu Lichao , Lin Szu-Yun , Hlynka Andrew W. , Lu Hao , Kamat Vineet R. , Menassa Carol C. , El-Tawil Sherif , Prakash Atul , Spence Seymour M. J. , McCormick Jason 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere has been a strong need for simulation environments that are capable of modeling deep interdependencies between complex systems encountered during natural hazards, such as the interactions and coupled effects between civil infrastructure systems response, human behavior, and social policies, for improved community resilience. Coupling such complex components with an integrated simulation requires continuous data exchange between different simulators simulating separate models during the entire simulation process. This can be implemented by means of distributed simulation platforms or data passing tools. In order to provide a systematic reference for simulation tool choice and facilitating the development of compatible distributed simulators for deep interdependent study in the context of natural hazards, this article focuses on generic tools suitable for integration of simulators from different fields but not the platforms that are mainly used in some specific fields. With this aim, the article provides a comprehensive review of the most commonly used generic distributed simulation platforms (Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS), High Level Architecture (HLA), Test and Training Enabling Architecture (TENA), and Distributed Data Services (DDS)) and data passing tools (Robot Operation System (ROS) and Lightweight Communication and Marshalling (LCM)) and compares their advantages and disadvantages. Three specific limitations in existing platforms are identified from the perspective of natural hazard simulation. For mitigating the identified limitations, two platform design recommendations are provided, namely message exchange wrappers and hybrid communication, to help improve data passing capabilities in existing solutions and provide some guidance for the design of a new domain-specific distributed simulation framework.
Deep ice drilling, bedrock coring and dust logging with the Rapid Access Ice Drill (RAID) at Minna Bluff, Antarctica
Authors: Goodge John W. , Severinghaus Jeffrey P. , Johnson Jay , Tosi Delia , Bay Ryan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRapid Access Ice Drill is a new drilling technology capable of quickly accessing the glacial bed of Antarctic ice sheets, retrieving ice core and rock core samples, and providing boreholes for downhole logging of physical properties. Scientific goals include searching for old ice near the glacial bed and sampling subglacial bedrock. During field trials near McMurdo Station on a piedmont glacier at Minna Bluff in the 2019–20 austral summer, we successfully completed a ‘top-to-bottom’ operational sequence in three boreholes by (1) augering through firn, (2) creating a borehole packer seal in non-porous ice, (3) establishing fluid circulation, (4) quickly drilling a borehole in ice at penetration rates up to 1.2 m min−1, (5) acquiring a short ice core at depth, (6) penetrating the glacial bed at a depth of ~677 m, (7) recovering a 3.2 m core of ice, basal till and subglacial bedrock, (8) optically logging the borehole on wireline, (9) testing hydrofracture potential by overpressuring the borehole fluid and (10) operating in an environmentally benign yet rapid field mode. Minna Bluff testing, therefore, demonstrates the effectiveness of this integrated system to drill rapidly through thick ice and penetrate across the glacial bed to take cores of bedrock.
Teaching for implementation: A framework for building implementation research and practice capacity within the translational science workforce
Authors: Leppin Aaron L. , Baumann Ana A. , Fernandez Maria E. , Rudd Brittany N. , Stevens Kathleen R. , Warner David O. , Kwan Bethany M. , Shelton Rachel C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImplementation science offers a compelling value proposition to translational science. As such, many translational science stakeholders are seeking to recruit, teach, and train an implementation science workforce. The type of workforce that will make implementation happen consists of both implementation researchers and practitioners, yet little guidance exists on how to train such a workforce. We—members of the Advancing Dissemination and Implementation Sciences in CTSAs Working Group—present the Teaching For Implementation Framework to address this gap. We describe the differences between implementation researchers and practitioners and demonstrate what and how to teach them individually and in co-learning opportunities. We briefly comment on educational infrastructures and resources that will be helpful in furthering this type of approach.
Diamond Raman laser: a promising high-beam-quality and low-thermal-effect laser
Authors: Li Yulan , Ding Jie , Bai Zhenxu , Yang Xuezong , Li Yuqi , Tang Jingling , Zhang Yu , Qi Yaoyao , Wang Yulei , Lu Zhiwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStimulated Raman-scattering-based lasers provide an effective way to achieve wavelength conversion. However, thermally induced beam degradation is a notorious obstacle to power scaling and it also limits the applicable range where high output beam quality is needed. Considerable research efforts have been devoted to developing Raman materials, with diamond being a promising candidate to acquire wavelength-versatile, high-power, and high-quality output beam owing to its excellent thermal properties, high Raman gain coefficient, and wide transmission range. The diamond Raman resonator is usually designed as an external-cavity pumped structure, which can easily eliminate the negative thermal effects of intracavity laser crystals. Diamond Raman converters also provide an approach to improve the beam quality owing to the Raman cleanup effect. This review outlines the research status of diamond Raman lasers, including beam quality optimization, Raman conversion, thermal effects, and prospects for future development directions.
Senatorial signatures
Authors: Segal Nancy L. , Niculae Francisca J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA greater frequency of left-handedness among males than females has been observed in general populations. Past studies have explained this difference with reference to males’ greater susceptibility to adverse birth events, while more recent studies have identified other contributing factors. On January 16, 2020, U.S. senators signed an oath to act impartially during the president’s impeachment trial. This televised event allowed direct comparison of the proportion of right-handedness and left-handedness in a professionally accomplished sample of males and females. As expected, no sex difference in the proportion of left-handed senators was found, although the small sample size offered low statistical power. Replicating this finding with a larger sample would support the view that left-handedness among select groups of males is linked to genetic factors.
The effect of honey on lipid profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Gholami Zohreh , Sohrabi Zahra , Zare Morteza , Pourrajab Behnaz , Nasimi Nasrin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHoney is known not only as a natural food but also as complementary medicine. According to the controversial evidence about the effects of honey on blood lipids, this meta-analysis was performed to investigate the potential effects of honey on lipid profiles. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane databases. All human controlled clinical trials (either with a parallel or a crossover design) published in English that reported changes in serum lipid markers (total cholesterol (TC), TAG, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio) following honey consumption were considered. Standardised mean differences and their respective 95 % CI were calculated to assess the changes in lipid profiles following honey consumption by random effects model. Statistical heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, publication bias and quality of the included studies were assessed, as well. The meta-analysis of twenty-three trials showed that honey had no significant effects on TC, TAG, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio. Significant heterogeneity was seen among the studies for all the studied factors (I2index > 50 %). Subgroup analysis based on the lipid profile status, types of honey and intervention duration revealed no significant effect on TC, TAG, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Quality of the evidences varied from very low to moderate according to various parameters. In conclusion, honey consumption did not affect serum lipid profiles (TC, TAG, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio).
Trypanosoma(Megatrypanum)pestanaiin Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) and Ixodidae ticks, Italy
Authors: Sgroi Giovanni , Iatta Roberta , Paolo Lia Riccardo , Latrofa Maria Stefania , Samarelli Rossella , Camarda Antonio , Otranto Domenico 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTrypanosomes are haemoflagellate protozoa transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods causing infections in a wide range of mammals, including humans. Adult badgers (Meles meles,n= 2), displaying severe paralysis, ataxia and severe ectoparasite infestation, were rescued from a peri-urban area of Bari (southern Italy). Blood samples and ectoparasites were screened forTrypanosomaspp. by the combined PCR/sequencing approach, targeting a fragment of 18S rRNA gene. Smears of haemolymph, guts and salivary glands of the alive ticks were microscopically observed. No haematological alterations, except thrombocytopenia, were found. Trypomastigotes and epimastigotes were observed in the blood smears of both badgers andTrypanosoma pestanaiwas molecularly identified. Out of 33 ticks (i.e.n= 31Ixodes canisuga,n= 2Ixodes ricinus) and two fleas (Ctenocephalides felis), 11 specimens (n= 5I. canisugaengorged nymphs,n= 4 engorged females andn= 2I. ricinusengorged females) tested positive only forT. pestanaiDNA. All smears from ticks were negative. The present study firstly revealedT. pestanaiin Ixodidae and badgers from Italy, demonstrating the occurrence of the protozoan on the peninsula. Further studies are needed to clarify the occurrence of the only known vector of this parasite,Paraceras melisflea, as well as other putative arthropods involved in the transmission ofT. pestanai.
Effects of methylphenidate on mismatch negativity and P3a amplitude of initially psychostimulant-naïve, adult ADHD patients
Authors: le Sommer Julijana , Low Ann-Marie , Møllegaard Jepsen Jens Richardt , Fagerlund Birgitte , Vangkilde Signe , Habekost Thomas , Glenthøj Birte , Oranje Bob 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeficient information processing in ADHD theoretically results in sensory overload and may underlie the symptoms of the disorder. Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a amplitude reflect an individual's detection and subsequent change in attention to stimulus change in their environment. Our primary aim was to explore MMN and P3a amplitude in adult ADHD patients and to examine the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on these measures.MethodsForty initially psychostimulant-naïve, adult ADHD patients without comorbid ASD and 42 matched healthy controls (HC) were assessed with an MMN paradigm at baseline. Both groups were retested after 6 weeks, in which patients were treated with MPH.ResultsNeither significant group differences in MMN nor P3a amplitude were found at baseline. Although 6-week MPH treatment significantly reduced symptomatology and improved daily functioning of the patients, it did not significantly affect MMN amplitude; however, it did significantly reduce P3a amplitude compared to the HC. Furthermore, more severe ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with larger MMN amplitudes in the patients, both at baseline and follow-up.ConclusionWe found no evidence for early information processing deficits in patients with ADHD, as measured with MMN and P3a amplitude. Six-week treatment with MPH decreased P3a but not MMN amplitude, although more severe ADHD-symptoms were associated with larger MMN amplitudes in the patients. Given that P3a amplitude represents an important attentional process and that glutamate has been linked to both ADHD and MMN amplitude, future research should investigate augmenting MPH treatment of less responsive adults with ADHD with glutamatergic antagonists.
Cloperastine inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation in vivo and in vitro by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Li Bo , Yu Yin , Jiang Yanan , Zhao Lili , Li Ang , Li Mingzhu , Yuan Baoyin , Lu Jing , Dong Ziming , Zhao Jimin , Liu Kangdong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major type of esophageal cancer. The prognosis of patients with ESCC remains poor because of the high morbidity and mortality of the disease. One strategy for drug discovery for ESCC treatment or prevention is screening FDA-approved drugs. In the present study, we found that the antitussive agent cloperastine can inhibit the proliferation of ESCC cells. However, the underlying mechanism was unclear. To determine the mechanism of this inhibitory effect, we performed proteomic analysis using KYSE150 cells treated with cloperastine and DMSO. The results identified several down-regulated signaling pathways included those of three key proteins (NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex 1, NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S5, and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 6B1) involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Meanwhile, we observed that oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria was inhibited by the drug. Importantly, cloperastine suppressed ESCC growth in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. Our findings revealed that cloperastine inhibits the proliferation of ESCC in vivo and in vitro by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00284 facilitates cell proliferation in papillary thyroid cancer via impairing miR-3127-5p targeted E2F7 suppression
Authors: Zhou Bin , Ge Yugang , Shao Qing , Yang Liyi , Chen Xin , Jiang Guoqin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccumulating evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert crucial modulation roles in the biological behaviors of multiple malignancies. Nonetheless, the specific function of lncRNA LINC00284 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains not fully understood. The objective of this research was to explore the influence of LINC00284 in PTC and elucidate its potential mechanism. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets were used to analyze LINC00284 expression differences in thyroid cancer and normal samples, followed by the verification of qRT-PCR in our own PTC and adjacent non-tumor tissues. The impacts of LINC00284 on PTC cell growth were detected in vitro via CCK-8, colony formation, EdU assays, and in vivo via a xenograft tumor model. Bioinformatics analyses and biological experiments were conducted to illuminate the molecular mechanism. We found that LINC00284 expression was remarkably increased in PTC tissues and its overexpression was closely correlated with larger tumor size. In addition, silencing LINC00284 could effectively attenuate PTC cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and G1 arrest in vitro, as well as suppress tumorigenesis in mouse xenografts. Mechanistic investigations showed that LINC00284 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-3127-5p, thus resulting in the disinhibition of its endogenous target E2F7. In short, our findings indicated that LINC00284–miR-3127-5p–E2F7 axis exerted oncogenic properties in PTC and may offer a new promising target for the diagnosis and therapy of PTC.
Rhamnan sulphate from green algae Monostroma nitidum improves constipation with gut microbiome alteration in double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Shimada Yasuhito , Terasawa Masahiro , Okazaki Fumiyoshi , Nakayama Hiroko , Zang Liqing , Nishiura Kaoru , Matsuda Koichi , Nishimura Norihiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRhamnan sulphate (RS), a sulphated polysaccharide from Monostroma nitidum, possesses several biological properties that help in treating diseases such as viral infection, thrombosis, and obesity. In the present study, we first administered RS (0.25 mg/g food volume) orally to high-fat diet-treated mice for 4 weeks. RS increased the faecal volume and calorie excretion with decreased plasma lipids, which was in accordance with the results of our previous zebrafish study. Notably, as the excretion amount by RS increased in the mice, we hypothesised that RS could decrease the chance of constipation in mice and also in human subjects because RS is considered as a dietary fibre. We administrated RS (100 mg/day) to subjects with low defaecation frequencies (3–5 times/week) for 2 weeks in double-blind placebo-controlled manner. As a result, RS administration significantly increased the frequency of dejection without any side effects, although no effect was observed on the body weight and blood lipids. Moreover, we performed 16s rRNA-seq analysis of the gut microbiota in these subjects. Metagenomics profiling using PICRUSt revealed functional alternation of the KEGG pathways, which could be involved in the therapeutic effect of RS for constipation.
Epidemiology of 40 blood biomarkers of one-carbon metabolism, vitamin status, inflammation, and renal and endothelial function among cancer-free older adults
Authors: Zahed Hana , Johansson Mattias , Ueland Per M. , Midttun Øivind , Milne Roger L. , Giles Graham G. , Manjer Jonas , Sandsveden Malte , Langhammer Arnulf , Sørgjerd Elin Pettersen , Grankvist Kjell , Johansson Mikael , Freedman Neal D. , Huang Wen-Yi , Chen Chu , Prentice Ross , Stevens Victoria L. , Wang Ying , Le Marchand Loic , Wilkens Lynne R. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Albanes Demetrius , Cai Qiuyin , Blot William J. , Arslan Alan A. , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Shu Xiao-Ou , Zheng Wei , Yuan Jian-Min , Koh Woon-Puay , Visvanathan Kala , Sesso Howard D. , Zhang Xuehong , Gaziano J. Michael , Fanidi Anouar , Muller David , Brennan Paul , Guida Florence , Robbins Hilary A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImbalances of blood biomarkers are associated with disease, and biomarkers may also vary non-pathologically across population groups. We described variation in concentrations of biomarkers of one-carbon metabolism, vitamin status, inflammation including tryptophan metabolism, and endothelial and renal function among cancer-free older adults. We analyzed 5167 cancer-free controls aged 40–80 years from 20 cohorts in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3). Centralized biochemical analyses of 40 biomarkers in plasma or serum were performed. We fit multivariable linear mixed effects models to quantify variation in standardized biomarker log-concentrations across four factors: age, sex, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI). Differences in most biomarkers across most factors were small, with 93% (186/200) of analyses showing an estimated difference lower than 0.25 standard-deviations, although most were statistically significant due to large sample size. The largest difference was for creatinine by sex, which was − 0.91 standard-deviations lower in women than men (95%CI − 0.98; − 0.84). The largest difference by age was for total cysteine (0.40 standard-deviation increase per 10-year increase, 95%CI 0.36; 0.43), and by BMI was for C-reactive protein (0.38 standard-deviation increase per 5-kg/m2increase, 95%CI 0.34; 0.41). For 31 of 40 markers, the mean difference between current and never smokers was larger than between former and never smokers. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) association with time since smoking cessation was observed for 8 markers, including C-reactive protein, kynurenine, choline, and total homocysteine. We conclude that most blood biomarkers show small variations across demographic characteristics. Patterns by smoking status point to normalization of multiple physiological processes after smoking cessation.
A unifying nonlinear probabilistic epidemic model in space and time
Authors: Beneduci Roberto , Bilotta Eleonora , Pantano Pietro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCovid-19 epidemic dramatically relaunched the importance of mathematical modelling in supporting governments decisions to slow down the disease propagation. On the other hand, it remains a challenging task for mathematical modelling. The interplay between different models could be a key element in the modelling strategies. Here we propose a continuous space-time non-linear probabilistic model from which we can derive many of the existing models both deterministic and stochastic as for example SI, SIR, SIR stochastic, continuous-time stochastic models, discrete stochastic models, Fisher–Kolmogorov model. A partial analogy with the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics provides an interpretation of the model. Epidemic forecasting is one of its possible applications; in principle, the model can be used in order to locate those regions of space where the infection probability is going to increase. The connection between non-linear probabilistic and non-linear deterministic models is analyzed. In particular, it is shown that the Fisher–Kolmogorov equation is connected to linear probabilistic models. On the other hand, a generalized version of the Fisher–Kolmogorov equation is derived from the non-linear probabilistic model and is shown to be characterized by a non-homogeneous time-dependent diffusion coefficient (anomalous diffusion) which encodes information about the non-linearity of the probabilistic model.
Genome survey and microsatellite motif identification ofPogonophryne albipinna
Authors: Jo Euna , Cho Yll Hwan , Lee Seung Jae , Choi Eunkyung , Kim Jinmu , Kim Jeong-Hoon , Chi Young Min , Park Hyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe genus Pogonophryne is a speciose group that includes 28 species inhabiting the coastal or deep waters of the Antarctic Southern Ocean. The genus has been divided into five species groups, among which the P. albipinna group is the most deep-living group and is characterized by a lack of spots on the top of the head. Here, we carried out genome survey sequencing of P. albipinna using the Illumina HiSeq platform to estimate the genomic characteristics and identify genome-wide microsatellite motifs. The genome size was predicted to be ∼883.8 Mb by K-mer analysis (K = 25), and the heterozygosity and repeat ratio were 0.289 and 39.03%, respectively. The genome sequences were assembled into 571624 contigs, covering a total length of ∼819.3 Mb with an N50 of 2867 bp. A total of 2217422 simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs were identified from the assembly data, and the number of repeats decreased as the length and number of repeats increased. These data will provide a useful foundation for the development of new molecular markers for the P. albipinna group as well as for further whole-genome sequencing of P. albipinna.