bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A microfluidic array device for single cell capture and intracellular Ca2+ response analysis induced by dynamic biochemical stimulus
Authors: Wei Wenbo , Zhang Miao , Xu Zhongyuan , Li Weifeng , Cheng Lixin , Cao Hongbao , Ma Min , Chen Zongzheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A microfluidic array was constructed for trapping single cell and loading identical dynamic biochemical stimulation for gain a better understanding of Ca2+ signaling at single cell resolution in the present study. This microfluidic array consists of multiple radially aligned flow channels with equal intersection angles, which was designed by a combination of stagnation point flow and physical barrier. Numerical simulation results and trajectory analysis have shown the effectiveness of this single cell trapping device. Fluorescent experiment results demonstrated the effects of flow rate and frequency of dynamic stimulus on the profiles of biochemical concentration which exposed on captured cells. In this microarray, the captured single cells in each trapping channels were able to receive identical extracellular dynamic biochemical stimuli which being transmitted from the entrance in the middle of the microfluidic array. Besides, after loading dynamic Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) stimulation on captured cells by this device, consistent average intracellular Ca2+ dynamics phase and cellular heterogeneity were observed in captured single K562 cells. Furthermore, this device is able to be used for investigating cellular respond on single cell resolution to temporally varying environments by modulating the stimulation signal in terms of concentration, pattern, and duration of exposure.
Acoustic Variability in the Healthy Female Voice Within and Across Days: How Much and Why?
Authors: Pierce Jenny L. , Tanner Kristine , Merrill Ray M. , Shnowske Lauren , Roy Nelson 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The aims of this study were (1) to quantify variability in voice production (as measured acoustically) within and across consecutive days in vocally healthy female speakers, (2) to identify which acoustic measures are sensitive to this variability, and (3) to identify participant characteristics related to such voice variability.

Method
Participants included 45 young women with normal voices who were stratified by age, specifically 18–23, 24–29, and 30–35 years. Following an initial acoustic and auditory-perceptual voice assessment, participants performed standardized field voice recordings 3 times daily across a 7-day period. Acoustic analyses involved 32 cepstral-, spectral-, and time-based measures of connected speech and sustained vowels. Relationships among acoustic data and select demographic, health, and lifestyle (i.e., participant-based) factors were also examined.

Results

Significant time-of-day effects were observed for acoustic analyses within speakers (
p
< .05), with voices generally being worse in the morning. No significant differences were observed across consecutive days. Variations in voice production were associated with several participant factors, including improved voice with increased voice use; self-perceived poor voice function, minimal or no alcohol consumption, and extroverted personality; and worse voice with regular or current menstruation, depression, and anxiety.

Conclusions
This acoustic study provides essential information regarding the nature and extent to which healthy voices vary throughout the day and week. Participant-based factors that were associated with improved voice over time included increased voice use, self-perceived poor voice function, minimal or no alcohol consumption, and extroverted personality. Factors associated with worse voice production over time included regular or current menstruation, and depression and anxiety.
Attending to the Teacher in the Teaching: Prioritizing Faculty Well-Being
Authors: Roos Brianne H. , Borkoski Carey C. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this review article is to examine the well-being of faculty in higher education. Success in academia depends on productivity in research, teaching, and service to the university, and the workload model that excludes attention to the welfare of faculty members themselves contributes to stress and burnout. Importantly, student success and well-being is influenced largely by their faculty members, whose ability to inspire and lead depends on their own well-being. This review article underscores the importance of attending to the well-being of the people behind the productivity in higher education.MethodThis study is a narrative review of the literature about faculty well-being in higher education. The history of well-being in the workplace and academia, concepts of stress and well-being in higher education faculty, and evidence-based strategies to promote and cultivate faculty well-being were explored in the literature using electronic sources.ConclusionsFaculty feel overburdened and pressured to work constantly to meet the demands of academia, and they strive for work–life balance. Faculty report stress and burnout related to excessively high expectations, financial pressures to obtain research funding, limited time to manage their workload, and a belief that individual progress is never sufficient. Faculty well-being is important for the individual and in support of scholarship and student outcomes. This article concludes with strategies to improve faculty well-being that incorporate an intentional focus on faculty members themselves, prioritize a community of well-being, and implement continuous high-quality professional learning.
Fuzzy‐based frequency security evaluation of wind‐integrated power systems
Authors: Steinkohl Joachim , Peyghami Saeed , Wang Xiongfei , Davari Pooya , Blaabjerg Frede 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe transition to renewable energy‐based power systems is fast progressing. One of the main challenges in keeping a power system with high operational reliability is to maintain the system frequency. As synchronous generator units are being replaced with power‐electronic converters, the rotating mass and the system inertia are decreasing. Virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control is a modern control technique that aims to compensate for the reduction in inertia. The usage of power electronic‐based converter units equipped with VSM control has to be managed and scheduled by system operators. An assessment of the operational frequency reliability is used to evaluate different service usages. A method is proposed that allows the comparison of different frequency management strategies. The proposed method uses fuzzy logic to evaluate the system risk for abnormal frequency and the system effort in the form of frequency control usage. This allows to quickly compare different frequency management strategies whilst keeping in mind many different reliability indices. The proposed method is validated with a modified IEEE Reliability Test System with integrated wind power capacity.
A novel SiC trench MOSFET with integrated Schottky barrier diode for improved reverse recovery charge and switching loss
Authors: Liu Sicheng , Tang Xiaoyan , Song Qingwen , Wang Yuehu , Bai Ruijie , Zhang Yimen , Zhang Yuming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel silicon carbide (SiC) trench metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) with improved reverse recovery charge and switching energy loss is proposed and investigated utilising ISE‐TCAD simulations. The proposed structure features an integrated Schottky barrier diode on one side‐wall of the trench below the P‐base region, and an inserted thicker oxide layer between the polysilicon gate and source metal on one side‐wall of the trench. The simulation results show that compared with Infineon's CoolSiC™ Trench MOSFET, the proposed device decreases the gate charge Qg by 29.2%, leading to significantly improved figures of merit (Ron,sp × Qg). The reverse recovery charge Qrr and peak reverse recovery current (IRRM) are reduced by 64.1% and 66.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, the total switching energy loss decreases 36.7% for the dynamic performance.
Predicting effectiveness of countermeasures during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Africa using agent-based simulation
Authors: Kersting Moritz , Bossert Andreas , Sörensen Leif , Wacker Benjamin , Schlüter Jan Chr. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has spread rapidly around the globe. While there has been a slow down of the spread in some countries, e.g., in China, the African continent is still at the beginning of a potentially wide spread of the virus. Owing to its economic strength and imbalances, South Africa is of particular relevance with regard to the drastic measures to prevent the spread of this novel coronavirus. In March 2020, South Africa imposed one of the most severe lockdowns worldwide and subsequently faced the number of infections slowing down considerably. In May 2020, this lockdown was partially relaxed and further easing of restrictions was envisaged. In July and August 2020, daily new infections peaked and declined subsequently. Lockdown measures were further relaxed. This study aims to assess the recent and upcoming measures from an epidemiological perspective. Agent-based epidemic simulations are used to depict the effects of policy measures on the further course of this epidemic. The results indicate that measures that are either lifted too early or are too lenient have no sufficient mitigating effects on infection rates. Consequently, continuous exponential infection growth rates or a second significant peak of infected people occur. These outcomes are likely to cause higher mortality rates once healthcare capacities are occupied and no longer capable to treat all severely and critically infected COVID-19 patients. In contrast, strict measures appear to be a suitable way to contain the virus. The simulations imply that the initial lockdown of 27 March 2020 was probably sufficient to slow the growth in the number of infections, but relaxing countermeasures might allow for a second severe outbreak of COVID-19 in our investigated simulation region of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality.
Ultrafast vibrational dynamics of the tyrosine ring mode and its application to enkephalin insertion into phospholipid membranes as probed by two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Vinogradov Ilya , Feng Yuan , Kumar S. K. Karthick , Guo Chenxu , Udagawa Nina Saki , Ge Nien-Hui 
Published: July 2021

Enkephalins are small opioid peptides whose binding conformations are catalyzed by phospholipid membranes. Binding to opioid receptors is determined by the orientation of tyrosine and phenylalanine side chains. In this work, we investigate the effects of different charged phospholipid headgroups on the insertion of the tyrosine side chain into a lipid bilayer using a combination of 2D IR spectroscopy, anharmonic DFT calculations, and third order response function modeling. The insertion is probed by using the ∼1515 cm−1 tyrosine ring breathing mode, which we found exhibits rich vibrational dynamics on the picosecond timescale. These dynamics include rapid intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR), where some of the energy ends up in a dark state that shows up as an anharmonically shifted combination band. The waiting-time dependent 2D IR spectra also show an unusual line shape distortion that affects the extraction of the frequency–frequency correlation function (FFCF), which is the dynamic observable of interest that reflects the tyrosine side chain’s insertion into the lipid bilayer. We proposed three models to account for this distortion: a hot-state exchange model, a local environment dependent IVR model, and a coherence transfer model. A qualitative analysis of these models suggests that the local environment dependent IVR rate best explains the line shape distortion, while the coherence transfer model best reproduced the effects on the FFCF. Even with these complex dynamics, we found that the tyrosine ring mode’s FFCF is qualitatively correlated with the degree of insertion expected from the different phospholipid headgroups.
Funneling dynamics in a phenylacetylene trimer: Coherent excitation of donor excitonic states and their superposition
Authors: Breuil Gabriel , Mangaud Etienne , Lasorne Benjamin , Atabek Osman , Desouter-Lecomte Michèle 
Published: July 2021

Funneling dynamics in conjugated dendrimers has raised great interest in the context of artificial light-harvesting processes. Photoinduced relaxation has been explored by time-resolved spectroscopy and simulations, mainly by semiclassical approaches or referring to open quantum systems methods, within the Redfield approximation. Here, we take the benefit of an ab initio investigation of a phenylacetylene trimer, and in the spirit of a divide-and-conquer approach, we focus on the early dynamics of the hierarchy of interactions. We build a simplified but realistic model by retaining only bright electronic states and selecting the vibrational domain expected to play the dominant role for timescales shorter than 500 fs. We specifically analyze the role of the in-plane high-frequency skeletal vibrational modes involving the triple bonds. Open quantum system non-adiabatic dynamics involving conical intersections is conducted by separating the electronic subsystem from the high-frequency tuning and coupling vibrational baths. This partition is implemented within a robust non-perturbative and non-Markovian method, here the hierarchical equations of motion. We will more precisely analyze the coherent preparation of donor states or of their superposition by short laser pulses with different polarizations. In particular, we extend the π-pulse strategy for the creation of a superposition to a V-type system. We study the relaxation induced by the high-frequency vibrational collective modes and the transitory dissymmetry, which results from the creation of a superposition of electronic donor states.
Absolute calibration of the latent heat of transition using differential thermal analysis
Authors: Bar Tapas , Bansal Bhavtosh 
Published: July 2021

We describe a simple and accurate differential thermal analysis setup to measure the latent heat of solid state materials undergoing abrupt phase transitions in the temperature range from 77 K to above room temperature. We report a numerical technique for the absolute calibration of the latent heat of transition without the need for a reference sample. The technique is applied to three different samples—vanadium sesquioxide undergoing the Mott transition, bismuth barium ruthenate undergoing a magnetoelastic transition, and an intermetallic Heusler compound. In each case, the inferred latent heat value agrees with the literature value within its error margins. To further demonstrate the importance of absolute calibration, we show that the changes in the latent heat of the Mott transition in vanadium sesquioxide (V2O3) remain constant to within 2% even as the depth of supersaturation changes by about 10 K in non-equilibrium dynamic hysteresis measurements. We also apply this technique for the measurement of the temperature-dependent specific heat.
CD8 coreceptor-mediated focusing can reorder the agonist hierarchy of peptide ligands recognized via the T cell receptor
Authors: Clement Mathew , Knezevic Lea , Dockree Tamsin , McLaren James E. , Ladell Kristin , Miners Kelly L. , Llewellyn-Lacey Sian , Rubina Anzelika , Francis Ore , Cole David K. , Sewell Andrew K. , Bridgeman John S. , Price David A. , van den Berg Hugo A. , Wooldridge Linda 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Sufficient immune coverage of the peptide universe within a finite host requires highly degenerate T cell receptors (TCRs). However, this inherent need for antigen cross-recognition is associated with a high risk of autoimmunity, which can only be mitigated by a process of adaptable specificity. We describe a mechanism that resolves this conundrum by allowing individual clonotypes to focus on specific peptide ligands without alterations to the structure of the TCR.
Vocal learning and flexible rhythm pattern perception are linked: Evidence from songbirds
Authors: Rouse Andrew A. , Patel Aniruddh D. , Kao Mimi H. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceWe can recognize the cadence of a friend’s voice or the rhythm of a familiar song across a wide range of tempi. This shows that our perception of temporal patterns relies strongly on the relative timing of events rather than on specific absolute durations. This tendency is foundational to speech and music perception, but to what extent is it shared by other species? We hypothesize that animals that learn their vocalizations are more likely to share this tendency. Here, we show that a vocal learning songbird robustly recognizes a basic rhythmic pattern independent of rate. Our findings pave the way for neurobiological studies to identify how the brain represents and perceives the temporal structure of auditory sequences.
Overriding native cell coordination enhances external programming of collective cell migration
Authors: Shim Gawoon , Devenport Danelle , Cohen Daniel J. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
As collective cellular migration is critical for multicellular processes such as healing, approaches to reprogram it are of great interest. However, little is known about what happens when external “commands” clash with natural collective behaviors in a tissue. We investigate this question using a bioelectric stimulus—electrotaxis—to externally program cell migration in large, cultured layers of primary mouse skin monolayers, demonstrating how strong endogenous cell coordination competes with external migration commands, reducing tissue responsiveness to the commands and even causing significant cellular damage. However, we show that specifically weakening natural cell coordination by disrupting E-cadherin–mediated cell–cell adhesion improves our ability to control collective cell migration. These results offer a general approach to externally controlling highly coordinated tissues.
Structural basis for potassium transport in prokaryotes by KdpFABC
Authors: Sweet Marie E. , Larsen Casper , Zhang Xihui , Schlame Michael , Pedersen Bjørn P. , Stokes David L. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Potassium is the major intracellular cation in all kingdoms of life. In bacteria, potassium is used to maintain membrane potential, pH, and to provide turgor pressure for cell growth and division. When external potassium levels are low, an ATP-dependent pump called KdpFABC is essential to maintain intracellular potassium levels. This protein complex comprises a subunit descending from potassium channels and another from P-type ATPases. We used cryogenic electron microscopy to investigate this unique partnership and to address mechanisms of energy coupling and transport. We present structures corresponding to all major reaction intermediates and map distinct densities along the proposed transport pathway. Based on this data, we describe a mechanism that is unique amongst known membrane transporters.
The Type I interferon antiviral gene program is impaired by lockdown and preserved by caregiving
Authors: Cole Steven W. , Cacioppo John T. , Cacioppo Stephanie , Bone Kyle , Del Rosso Laura A. , Spinner Abigail , Arevalo Jesusa M. G. , Dizon Thomas P. , Capitanio John P. 
Published: July 2021

Significance“Shelter in place” (SIP) orders have been deployed to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, but they induce social isolation that may paradoxically weaken antiviral immunity. We examined the impact of 2-wk SIP on immune cell population dynamics and gene regulation in 21 adult rhesus macaques, finding 30 to 50% declines in circulating immune cells, decreases in antiviral gene expression, and increased inflammatory cells in blood and inflammatory gene expression in lymph nodes. Declines in antiviral gene expression (but not circulating immune cells) were blocked by the presence of a novel juvenile partner during SIP, suggesting a potential strategy for maintaining antiviral immunity during SIP by enhancing prosocial engagement.
Carotenoid biomarkers in Namibian shelf sediments: Anoxygenic photosynthesis during sulfide eruptions in the Benguela Upwelling System
Authors: Ma Jian , French Katherine L. , Cui Xingqian , Bryant Donald A. , Summons Roger E. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Anoxygenic photosynthesis by phototrophic sulfur bacteria is prevalent in microbial mat ecosystems and in restricted, highly stratified aquatic environments. This limited distribution reflects their simultaneous requirements for an anoxic habitat, reduced sulfur to supply electrons for carbon fixation, and an appropriate light regime. Although these conditions were often satisfied in ancient seas, as shown by the distinctive carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments preserved in geological samples going back as far as 1.65 billion y, we can find no record of these organisms growing in today’s generally well-ventilated oceans. An array of carotenoids in sediments from the Namibian shelf suggests that green sulfur bacteria, despite their sensitivity to oxygen, can proliferate during episodic toxic gas eruptions in the Benguela Upwelling System.
Understanding the translingual practices among international students in multilingual cities
Authors: Yin Yijun , Chik Alice , Falloon Garry 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The impact of global mobility and technology innovations on urban linguistic diversity poses a key challenge to
understand how and to what extent international students are immersed in the target language. Such diversity of languages and
modes of communication has pointed to a fundamental transformation in the way that international students interact with both
online and offline resources. The translingual practices of Chinese international students presented in this study suggest that,
instead of being a language learner in an English-dominant country, these students make use of but go beyond their full
repertoires to conduct various online and offline activities when living in a translanguaging space. An evaluation of both online
and offline practices demonstrates how their online translingual practices were merged into offline contexts, to create
opportunities for learning and social engagement. Understanding international students’ experience with both online and offline
resources provides useful insights into the translingual practices and processes adopted by them when living and studying in a
multilingual city.
Migrants are not welcome
Authors: Benczes Réka , Ságvári Bence 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Figurative framing, in the form of metaphorical expressions, is especially effective in carrying conceptual content on an
issue and affecting public opinion. One topic that has been heavily debated in contemporary Hungarian media is migration. Framing starts
with the label that journalists select to refer to fled people: bevándorló (“immigrant”), migráns
(“migrant”) or menekült (“refugee”). Depending on the label, different associations emerge, resting upon differing
(metaphorical) conceptualizations evoked by the labels. We analysed metaphorical compounds based on the keywords in a media corpus of
approx. 15 million words. Our results indicate that while all three keywords evoke predominantly negative frames and evaluations that build
on stock metaphorical conceptualizations of fled people as also identified in the international literature – such as flood, object,
business, war and crime –, the distribution of these metaphors does vary, depending on a) the selected keyword; and b) the
political agenda of the media source.