bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highlighting non-parabolic bands in semiconductors
Authors: Masut Remo A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The parabolic approximation to the dispersion relation is a simplification that has often been adopted for the electronic band structure of most semiconductors near the edges of the fundamental bandgap. A non-parabolic approximation can be justified which will better describe the properties of semiconductors of narrow bandgaps for which a reduction to a quadratic form is not accurate enough, nor always warranted. It also stands for a better approximation in III–V compounds and for more complex thermoelectric materials. Some of the consequences of adopting non-parabolic bands will be highlighted, as well as approximate expressions for statistical properties. It is emphasized that many properties of semiconductors are not difficult to calculate with non-parabolic bands, which may have a wider range of applications in actual materials. These calculations can then be introduced in solid state physics and statistical physics courses through projects and homework problem sets. Specific examples are discussed designed to clarify basic physics concepts in semiconductors.
End-to-end test for fractionated online adaptive MR-guided radiotherapy using a deformable anthropomorphic pelvis phantom
Authors: Elter A , Rippke C , Johnen W , Mann P , Hellwich E , Schwahofer A , Dorsch S , Buchele C , Klüter S , Karger C P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. In MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) for prostate cancer treatments inter-fractional anatomy changes such as bladder and rectum fillings may be corrected by an online adaption of the treatment plan. To clinically implement such complex treatment procedures, however, specific end-to-end tests are required that are able to validate the overall accuracy of all treatment steps from pre-treatment imaging to dose delivery. Approach. In this study, an end-to-end test of a fractionated and online adapted MRgRT prostate irradiation was performed using the so-called ADAM-PETer phantom. The phantom was adapted to perform 3D polymer gel (PG) dosimetry in the prostate and rectum. Furthermore, thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs) were placed at the center and on the surface of the prostate for additional dose measurements as well as for an external dose renormalization of the PG. For the end-to-end test, a total of five online adapted irradiations were applied in sequence with different bladder and rectum fillings, respectively. Main results. A good agreement of measured and planned dose was found represented by high

γ

-index passing rates (

3
%
/
3
mm

criterion) of the PG evaluation of

98.9
%

in the prostate and

93.7
%

in the rectum. TLDs used for PG renormalization at the center of the prostate showed a deviation of

−
2.3
%
.

Significance. The presented end-to-end test, which allows for 3D dose verification in the prostate and rectum, demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy of fractionated and online-adapted prostate irradiations in presence of inter-fractional anatomy changes. Such tests are of high clinical importance for the commissioning of new image-guided treatment procedures such as online adaptive MRgRT.
Magneto-optic signatures in the gapped Dirac semimetal with mixed linear and parabolic dispersions of ZrTe5
Authors: You Le , Zhang Zi-Yue , Wang Yi-Xiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we give a systematic theoretical study on the Landau levels (LLs) and magneto-optical conductivity Re(σ

αα
) in a gapped Dirac semimetal model with mixed linear and parabolic dispersions under a magnetic field, which was recently proposed by Jiang et al (2020 Phys. Rev. Lett.

125 046403) to explain the experimental magnetoinfrared spectroscopy in the three-dimensional ZrTe5 crystal. We find that the strong magnetic field can drive the LLs become noninverted and thus the strong topological insulator phase in ZrTe5 turns to be a trivial insulator. In the different magnetic field regions, the density of states and Re(σ

αα
) can exhibit distinct signatures. Moreover, when the magnetic field is weak, a qualitative relation in Re(σ

zz
) between the peaks at the saddle points is revealed as Re

(

σ

z
z

ζ

n

)

>

Re

(

σ

z
z

Γ

)

, which is in good agreement with the experiment.
New design of large fully-steerable radio telescope reflector based on homogenized mesh structure
Authors: Yan Li-De , Zheng Fei , Rui Xi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The self-weight of a large fully-steerable radio telescope is one of the important factors affecting its performance. In the existing reflector system scheme, the problem of surface accuracy caused by its large and heavy structure has seriously restricted the application and implementation of large radio telescopes. Therefore, a new mesh structure scheme for a large fully-steerable radio telescope reflector is proposed in this paper. This scheme is based on a homogenized mesh back-up structure in the form of a quasi-geodesic grid and regular quasi-tri-prism or tetrahedron, which can significantly reduce the structural complexity and self-weight of the reflector under the condition that the reflector can meet the desired performance requirements. Finally, the feasibility and rationality of the scheme are evaluated by numerical simulation analysis, which has significant advantages and provides a new design for the reflector of a large fully-steerable radio telescope.
The first data release of LAMOST low-resolution single-epoch spectra
Authors: Bai Zhong-Rui , Zhang Hao-Tong , Yuan Hai-Long , Fan Dong-Wei , He Bo-Liang , Lei Ya-Juan , Dong Yi-Qiao , Yu Si-Cheng , Zhao Yong-Heng , Zhang Yong , Hou Yong-Hui , Chu Yao-Quan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
LAMOST Data Release 5, covering ∼17 000 deg2 from –10° to 80° in declination, contains 9 million co-added low-resolution spectra of celestial objects, each spectrum combined from repeat exposure of two to tens of times during Oct 2011 to Jun 2017. In this paper, we present the spectra of individual exposures for all the objects in LAMOST Data Release 5. For each spectrum, the equivalent width of 60 lines from 11 different elements are calculated with a new method combining the actual line core and fitted line wings. For stars earlier than F type, the Balmer lines are fitted with both emission and absorption profiles once two components are detected. Radial velocity of each individual exposure is measured by minimizing χ
2 between the spectrum and its best template. The database for equivalent widths of spectral lines and radial velocities of individual spectra are available online. Radial velocity uncertainties with different stellar type and signal-to-noise ratio are quantified by comparing different exposure of the same objects. We notice that the radial velocity uncertainty depends on the time lag between observations. For stars observed in the same day and with signal-to-noise ratio higher than 20, the radial velocity uncertainty is below 5km s−1, and increases to 10 km s−1 for stars observed in different nights.
Merging strangeon stars II: the ejecta and light curves
Authors: Lai Xiao-Yu , Xia Cheng-Jun , Yu Yun-Wei , Xu Ren-Xin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The state of supranuclear matter in compact stars remains puzzling, and it is argued that pulsars could be strangeon stars. The consequences of merging double strangeon stars are worth exploring, especially in the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. To develop the “strangeon kilonova” scenario proposed in Paper I, we make a qualitative description about the evolution of ejecta and light curves for merging double strangeon stars. In the hot environment of the merger, the strangeon nuggets ejected by tidal disruption and hydrodynamical squeezing would suffer from evaporation, in which process particles, such as strangeons, neutrons and protons, are emitted. Taking into account both the evaporation of strangeon nuggets and the decay of strangeons, most of the strangeon nuggets would turn into neutrons and protons, within dozens of milliseconds after being ejected. The evaporation rates of different particles depend on temperature, and we find that the ejecta could end up with two components, with high and low opacity respectively. The high opacity component would be in the directions around the equatorial plane, and the low opacity component would be in a broad range of angular directions. The bolometric light curves show that the spin-down power of the long-lived remnant would account for the whole emission of kilonova AT2017gfo associated with GW170817, if the total ejected mass ∼ 10−3
M
⊙. The detailed picture of merging double strangeon stars is expected to be tested by future numerical simulations.
Early-fusion based pulsar identification with smart under-sampling
Authors: Zhang Shi-Chuan , Kong Xiang-Cong , Zhou Yue-Ying , Chen Ling-Yao , Zheng Xiao-Ying , Xu Chun-Ling , Lao Bao-Qiang , An Tao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The discovery of pulsars is of great significance in the field of physics and astronomy. As the astronomical equipment produces a large number of pulsar data, an algorithm for automatically identifying pulsars becomes urgent. We propose a deep learning framework for pulsar recognition. In response to the extreme imbalance between positive and negative examples and the hard negative sample issue presented in the High Time Resolution Universe Medlat Training Data, there are two coping strategies in our framework: the smart under-sampling and the improved loss function. We also apply the early-fusion strategy to integrate features obtained from different attributes before classification to improve the performance. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that integrates these strategies and techniques in pulsar recognition. The experiment results show that our framework outperforms previous works with respect to either the training time or F1 score. We can not only speed up the training time by 10 × compared with the state-of-the-art work, but also get a competitive result in terms of F1 score.
Deformation measurement by single spherical near-field intensity measurement for large reflector antenna
Authors: Ye Qian , Wang Bo-Yang , Yao Qiang , Wang Jin-Qing , Liu Qing-Hui , Shen Zhi-Qiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new method to obtain the deformation distribution on the main reflector of an antenna only by measuring the electric intensity on a spherical surface with the focal point as the center of the sphere, regardless of phase. Combining the differential geometry theory with geometric optics method, this paper has derived a deformation-intensity equation to relate the surface deformation to the intensity distribution of a spherical near-field directly. Based on the finite difference method (FDM) and Gauss-Seidel iteration, deformation has been calculated from intensity simulated by geometrical optics (GO) and physical optics (PO) methods, respectively, with relatively small errors, which prove the effectiveness of the equation proposed in this paper. By means of this method, it is possible to measure the deformation only by scanning the electric intensity of a single hemispherical near-field whose area is only about 1/15 of the aperture. The measurement only needs a plane wave at any frequency as the incident wave, which means that both the signals from the outer space satellite and the far-field artificial beacon could be used as the sources. The scanning can be realized no matter what attitude and elevation angle the antenna is in because the size and angle of the hemisphere are changeable.
Effect of Water and Admixture on Foam Concrete Properties
Authors: Kim Dien Vu , Bazhenova Sofya , Van Lam Tang , Cong Ly Nguyen , Nguyen Van Duong , Phan Khanh Khanh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper presents mathematical modeling of additives and water’s effect on foam concrete’s compressive and flexural strength at 28 days of normal hardening. The requirements of GOST 10180-2012 determined the compressive and flexural strength of foam concrete. The initial composition of the foam concrete mix was calculated using the absolute volume method.
Results received first-order regression equations. The compressive strength and flexural strength of foam concrete depended on the relations from

x
1

(

W

O
P
C
+
B
F
S

)

to

x
3

(

S
F
90

O
P
C

)

and the image surface expression and objective function for the regression equations. The optimal value obtained: compressive strength = 8.075 MPa and flexural strength 1.087 MPa.
Artificial and natural electromagnetic structures with strongly inductive surface impedance
Authors: Bashkuev Yu B , Dembelov M G , Buyanova D G , Kh Angarkhaeva L , Naguslaeva I B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Artificial and natural electromagnetic structures with strongly inductive surface impedance are considered. The object of the research is layered structures of the “dielectric-conductor” type. The existence of impedance media with the maximum possible phase of a strongly inductive impedance in the range from a few hertz to tens of gigahertz has been established. The results of numerical modelling of the propagation of decimeter radio waves over a plane strongly inductive surface are presented, these numerical results are necessary for calculating the attenuation function W and the field level E of microwave electromagnetic waves.
Installation for measuring the dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystals at low frequencies by the bridge method with constant displacement
Authors: Kalashnikov S V , Romanov N A , Nomoev A V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Installation designed to measure the dielectric anisotropy in laboratory studies of liquid crystal polymer films is described. The installation operates on the principle of a balanced alternating current (AC) bridge, allowing the application of a direct external current (bias) to the liquid crystal cell. The internal resistance of the direct current (DC) source, which affects the equilibrium condition of the bridge, is compensated. The frequency of the AC current feeding the bridge and the offset voltage of the cell is regulated within a wide range, which makes it possible to study various functional dependences of the dielectric parameters of liquid crystals and their modifiers.Introduction
Effect of temperature on the structure of Cu/Si composite Janus nanoparticles
Authors: Yumozhapova N V , Nomoev A V , Romanov N A , Ch Khartaeva E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work determined the effect of temperature on the formation of composite Cu/Si nanoparticles by the molecular dynamics (MD) method. For the first time, the temperature dependence of the potential energy of hybrid nanoparticles, which were single-crystal spherical clusters cut from an ideal lattice, was studied. It is shown that phase transitions and structural ordering cause a sharp change in the potential energy of composite nanoparticles. The structural arrangement of copper nanoparticles at high temperatures was found.
Water availability affects the relationship between pollen intensity and seed production
Authors: Recart Wilnelia , Campbell Diane R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Seed production can be affected by water availability and also depend on the amount (pollen intensity) and quality of pollen deposited. The way pollen receipt on the stigma translates into seeds produced follows that of a saturating dose–response. Not only can water availability and pollen intensity each influence seed production, these factors could interact in their effects on seed production. Changes to the relationship between seed production and pollen intensity can in turn influence pollinator effectiveness and pollinator-mediated selection. We asked how water availability affected indices of plant fitness (seed set, fruit set and seed mass) and the relationship between pollen intensity and seed production in Phacelia parryi. We conducted a greenhouse experiment where we manipulated water availability (either high- or low-water) to pollen recipient plants and hand-pollinated each plant with a range of pollen intensities. We conducted 703 hand-pollinations on 30 plants. For each hand-pollinated flower we measured pollen deposited, seed production and seed mass. We then generated a piecewise regression of the relationship between pollen intensity and seed production, and determined average effects of water on plant fitness measures. This experiment was paired with a field observational study aimed to document natural variation in pollen deposition. Average seed production per fruit was 21 % higher in the high-watered plants. The relationship between pollen intensity and seed production differed between the two water treatments. Plants under high-water exhibited a wider range in which pollen deposition increased seed production. Average natural pollen intensities fell within different regions of the piecewise regression for low- and high-water plants. Water availability can alter the efficiency by which pollen received is translated into seeds produced. Our greenhouse data suggest that only under certain pollen intensity environments will water availability affect how pollen received is translated into seeds produced.
CRISP: a deep learning architecture for GC × GC–TOFMS contour ROI identification, simulation and analysis in imaging metabolomics
Authors: Mathema Vivek Bhakta , Duangkumpha Kassaporn , Wanichthanarak Kwanjeera , Jariyasopit Narumol , Dhakal Esha , Sathirapongsasuti Nuankanya , Kitiyakara Chagriya , Sirivatanauksorn Yongyut , Khoomrung Sakda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC–TOFMS) provides a large amount of molecular information from biological samples. However, the lack of a comprehensive compound library or customizable bioinformatics tool is currently a challenge in GC × GC–TOFMS data analysis. We present an open-source deep learning (DL) software called contour regions of interest (ROI) identification, simulation and untargeted metabolomics profiler (CRISP). CRISP integrates multiple customizable deep neural network architectures for assisting the semi-automated identification of ROIs, contour synthesis, resolution enhancement and classification of GC × GC–TOFMS-based contour images. The approach includes the novel aggregate feature representative contour (AFRC) construction and stacked ROIs. This generates an unbiased contour image dataset that enhances the contrasting characteristics between different test groups and can be suitable for small sample sizes. The utility of the generative models and the accuracy and efficacy of the platform were demonstrated using a dataset of GC × GC–TOFMS contour images from patients with late-stage diabetic nephropathy and healthy control groups. CRISP successfully constructed AFRC images and identified over five ROIs to create a deepstacked dataset. The high fidelity, 512 × 512-pixels generative model was trained as a generator with a Fréchet inception distance of &lt;47.00. The trained classifier achieved an AUROC of &gt;0.96 and a classification accuracy of &gt;95.00% for datasets with and without column bleed. Overall, CRISP demonstrates good potential as a DL-based approach for the rapid analysis of 4-D GC × GC–TOFMS untargeted metabolite profiles by directly implementing contour images. CRISP is available at https://github.com/vivekmathema/GCxGC-CRISP.
Consensus on the health education of home-based negative pressure wound therapy for patients with chronic wounds: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Huang Yao , Mao Beiqian , Hu Jiale , Xu Bing , Ni Pengwen , Hou Lili , Xie Ting 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
The study aimed to develop consensus on the components of health education of home-based negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for patients with chronic wounds.

Methods
A Delphi method was used to achieve consensus on the components of health education and 75% agreement and coefficient of variation (CV) &lt;0.25 were used as cutoff. Sixteen experts were recruited purposefully to finish this study.

Results
Two rounds of consultation were implemented. Consensus was achieved on 36 of the 42 statements. The final agreed list of statements represented three domains: health education before carrying out home-based NPWT, health education for the treatment day of NPWT at hospital and health education for NPWT at home.

Conclusions
This study was the first attempt to develop consensus on the comprehensive components of health education of home-based NPWT for patients with chronic wounds. According to the established framework and components of health education, wound professionals can safely and effectively implement health education of home-based NPWT for patients with chronic wounds and improve their self-care ability and treatment experience at home.
Estimated gray matter volume rapidly changes after a short motor task
Authors: Olivo Gaia , Lövdén Martin , Manzouri Amirhossein , Terlau Laura , Jenner Bo , Jafari Arian , Petersson Sven , Li Tie-Qiang , Fischer Håkan , Månsson Kristoffer N T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Skill learning induces changes in estimates of gray matter volume (GMV) in the human brain, commonly detectable with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Rapid changes in GMV estimates while executing tasks may however confound between- and within-subject differences. Fluctuations in arterial blood flow are proposed to underlie this apparent task-related tissue plasticity. To test this hypothesis, we acquired multiple repetitions of structural T1-weighted and functional blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI measurements from 51 subjects performing a finger-tapping task (FTT; á 2 min) repeatedly for 30–60 min. Estimated GMV was decreased in motor regions during FTT compared with rest. Motor-related BOLD signal changes did not overlap nor correlate with GMV changes. Nearly simultaneous BOLD signals cannot fully explain task-induced changes in T1-weighted images. These sensitive and behavior-related GMV changes pose serious questions to reproducibility across studies, and morphological investigations during skill learning can also open new avenues on how to study rapid brain plasticity.
Amygdala–prefrontal connectivity in children with maladaptive aggression is modulated by social impairment
Authors: Ibrahim Karim , Kalvin Carla , Morand-Beaulieu Simon , He George , Pelphrey Kevin A , McCarthy Gregory , Sukhodolsky Denis G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aggressive behavior is common across childhood-onset psychiatric disorders and is associated with impairments in social cognition and communication. The present study examined whether amygdala connectivity and reactivity during face emotion processing in children with maladaptive aggression are moderated by social impairment. This cross-sectional study included a well-characterized transdiagnostic sample of 101 children of age 8–16 years old with clinically significant levels of aggressive behavior and 32 typically developing children without aggressive behavior. Children completed a face emotion perception task of fearful and calm faces during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Aggressive behavior and social functioning were measured by standardized parent ratings. Relative to controls, children with aggressive behavior showed reduced connectivity between the amygdala and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during implicit emotion processing. In children with aggressive behavior, the association between reduced amygdala–ventrolateral PFC connectivity and greater severity of aggression was moderated by greater social impairment. Amygdala reactivity to fearful faces was also associated with severity of aggressive behavior for children without social deficits but not for children with social deficits. Social impairments entail difficulties in interpreting social cues and enacting socially appropriate responses to frustration or provocation, which increase the propensity for an aggressive response via diminished connectivity between the amygdala and the ventral PFC.