bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Did The First COVID-19 Lockdown Affect Persons With Concurrent Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Norway? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Leonhardt Marja , Brodahl Morten , Cogan Nicola , Lien Lars 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 with its severe social restrictions touched the daily life of most people. While everyday social life becomes difficult for citizens with economic and cultural capital, it becomes even worse for vulnerable groups such as persons with mental health and substance use disorders, who are particularly vulnerable to social exclusion. The aim of this study is to investigate how the first COVID-19 lockdown affected the everyday life and health of persons with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders.Methods: This qualitative study reports data from 17 individual interviews and one focus group of five participants, all with a self-reported mental health and substance use disorder. Interviews were conducted based on a semi-structured interview guide in September and October 2020 in a medium-sized local authority in Norway. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. A reference group of people with varied knowledge and experiences of the phenomenon were involved in study design, recruitment, data generation and analysis.Results: The analysis identified four interrelated main themes, describing how the first lockdown affected the everyday life and health of persons suffering from a mental health and substance use disorder: 1) The COVID-19 outbreak as a perceived challenge, 2) A decline in mental health and well-being, 3) Increased substance use challenges, and 4) Diverse experiences with health and social services. The results show that people with a co-occurring disorder have challenges with digital tools and/or do not have the appropriate equipment. Further, participants were not concerned about becoming infected themselves, but infecting others.Conclusion:Persons with a mental health and substance use disorder face major challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to maintain continuous low-threshold services especially directed towards persons with co-occurring disorders during the pandemic. Furthermore, it is important to improve the digital skills of every service user or offer alternatives to digital consultations and meetings.
Fc Gamma RIIb Expression Levels in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Jin Jinglan , Liu Yuwei , Xu Xiaotong , Wang Zhongfeng , Niu Junqi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcγRIIb), is an important inhibitory receptor which plays a vital role in regulating various immunoresponse processes and pathogenesis of many infectious disease. The purpose of our research is to show the FcγRIIb expression in serum and liver biopsy specimen of hepatitis B virus (HBV) suffers and explore its association with chronic HBV infection.Methods: ELISA assay was adopted to identify the serum FcγRIIb levels in 119 HBV suffers and 24 healthy controls. The immunohistochemical method was then employed to identify FcγRIIb expression in the biopsy specimens of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The integrated optical density (IOD) value was measured to represent FcγRIIb expression levels.Results: The serum FcγRIIb levels were decreased in CHB patients compared to controls (P < 0.001). FcγRIIb levels in CHB patient group were remarkably lower than in HBV carrier group (P< 0.001). In addition, the serum FcγRIIb levels were negatively associated with AST and ALT (r=-0.3936，P=0.0063; r=-0.3459，P =0.0097 respectively). The IOD values of FcγRIIb expression in moderate CHB and severity CHB group were significantly lower (P=0.006, P<0.001, respectively). The FcγRIIb level tended to be lower with the pathological changes of hepatitis. Further, the correlation analysis revealed FcγRIIb had negative correlations with AST and ALT (r=-0.688，P=0.0016; r=-0.686，P=0.0017 respectively) but positively associated with platelet counts (r=0.6464，P=0.0038).Conclusions: FcγRIIb levels are significantly related to chronic HBV infection and progression of CHB. The change of FcγRIIb may affect the progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis in CHB patients
Virtual Screening of Antitumor Inhibitors Targeting BRD4 Based on Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Wu Keliang , Zhang Chenghua , He Bing , Li Huanxin , Tang Shan , Han Tao , Li Bingke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BRD4 is a hot antitumor target. In this study, three kinds of machine learning methods were used to establish classification models of BRD4 inhibitors, achieving satisfactory prediction performance. Through comparison, random forest model worked best, the parameters of which were also optimized. Then, the best random forest model was applied to perform virtual screening against ZINC database and a total of 89 potential compounds with BRD4 inhibitory activity were eventually identified. Further, seven molecules were chosen from the hits, and a docking calculation was carried out for each molecule, showing a strong interaction between ligand and BRD4. Subsequently, these molecules were evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations, all having certain binding stability. The results have proved the effectiveness of the developed models based on machine learning methods and the molecules filtered by virtual screening not only have a significant guiding in practice for the molecular design and synthesis, but also can provide great possibility for the discoveries and final approvals of anti-cancer drugs targeting BRD4.
The Mediating Effect of Money Growth And General Public Consumption In The Fiscal Deficit-Inflation-Growth Nexus of The West African Monetary Zone: A Multilevel Structural Model Approach
Authors: AYESU EDMUND , Olaomi John 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The effect of fiscal deficit on inflation and growth, has been a highly contested issue in economics. Studies on the issue generally have sought to ascertain whether deficit in the fiscal balance has positive or negative effect on inflation and/or growth, neglecting the question of mediating variables in the process. In this study, we consider the consequences of selected mediating variables, money growth and general public consumption, in the context of the relationship among fiscal deficit, inflation and growth in the case of the West African Monetary Zone. The study is based on Multilevel Structural Model (1, 1, 1) within the framework of dynamic structural equation model. We found that when the relationship between inflation and fiscal deficit is mediated by growth of money, it does not show any statistical credibility, thus, member-countries are not prone to finance deficits by expanding growth of money. On the other hand, general public consumption is a statistically credible mediator between fiscal deficit and growth, but its effect is negative on growth. This implies that increased general public consumption occasioned by increased fiscal deficit is counter-productive to growth outcomes in the sub-region.
Anlotinib vs. Nanoparticle Albumin-Boundpaclitaxel in the Treatment of Third-Line and Above Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Li , Bai Qiaohong , Wang Yuchao , Liu Wei , Xu Chunhua , Chi Chuanzhen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Comparison of the efficacy and adverse reactions of anlotinib and nanoparticle albumin-boundpaclitaxel (Nab-P) in the treatment of third-line and above extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the effectiveness and safety of anlotinib and Nab-P in clinical practice. We enrolled 71 patients with ES-SCLC who received anlotinib monotherapy or Nab-P monotherapy as third-line or later-line therapy. Divided into Anlotinib group (n=35) and Nab-P group (n=36). We analyzed progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AE) in the two groups. Results: Among all patients, the Nab-P group showed better overall response rate (ORR) compared with the Anlotinib group [19.4% vs. 8.6%, P = 0.193]. There was no significant difference in PFS and OS between the two groups. The most common AEs in the Anlotinib group were liver damage, fatigue, hypertension, and hand-foot syndrome. The most common AEs in the Nab-P group were liver damage, neutropenia, fatigue, and muscle aches. There were no treatment-related deaths.Conclusions: In our real-world data analysis, patients treated with Nab-P had a better overall response rate (ORR), but no benefit of PFS or OS. Both treatment options are effective, so the choice should be based on their potential side effects.
Mutational Analysis of a Novel Mutation (p.H232R) in the SRD5A2 Causing 46,XY Disorder of Sex Development
Authors: Li Liwei , Zhang Junhong , Li Qing , Qiao Li , Li Pengcheng , Cui Yi , Li Shujun , Hao Shirui , Wu Tongqian , Liu Lili , Yin Jianmin , Hu Pingsheng , Dou Xiaowei , Li Shuping , Yang Hui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Over 100 mutations in SRD5A2 gene have been identified in subjects with 46,XY DSD. Exploring SRD5A2 mutation and elucidating its molecular mechanism will find the domains function of 5α-reductase 2 enzyme and identify the cause of 46,XY DSD. Previously, we reported a novel compound heterozygous p.H232R/p.Q6X mutation of SRD5A2 gene in a case with 46,XY DSD. Whether the compound heterozygous p.Q6X/p.H232R mutation in SRD5A2 gene causes 46,XY DSD occurrence is needed to be further explored. Results: In order to clarify the cause of 46,XY DSD in the case’s family, SRD5A2 sequencing were performed. The heterozygous p.H232R mutation were identified in the case’s father, so we concluded that the heterozygous p.H232R mutation originated from paternal family and didn’t cause 46,XY DSD occurrence. The heterozygous p.Q6X mutation were identified in the case’s mother, maternal uncle and maternal grandfather, indicating that the heterozygous p.Q6X mutation descended from maternal family and didn’t cause 46,XY DSD occurrence. In order to clarify p.H232R mutation in SRD5A2 on DHT production, p.H232R mutant SRD5A2 plasmids were transfected with HEK293 cells and LC-MS detected that DHT production decreased compared with wild-type SRD5A2 infected ones.Conclusions: Our findings confirmed that the compound heterozygous p.Q6X/p.H232R mutation in SRD5A2 gene is the cause of 46,XY DSD. p.H232R mutation reduced DHT production while attenuated 5α-reductase 2 enzymatic catalytic efficiency.
Embolization in Trauma Patients: What Trauma Radiologists Should Know
Authors: Aoki Makoto , Matsumoto Shokei , Toyoda Yukitoshi , Senoo Satomi , Inoue Yukio , Yamada Masaki , Fukada Takuya , Funabiki Tomohiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives

Limited information exists on embolization for trauma patients regarding arteries embolized, embolic materials used, and embolization duration. We clarified the clinical application of embolization in trauma patients and factors associated with a prolonged procedure time.
Methods

Medical records of 162 trauma patients who underwent embolization between January 2007 and December 2020 at a regional trauma care center were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into six embolized body regions: cerebrovascular, chest, abdomen, pelvis, peripheral, and other. Patient demographics, trauma mechanism, physiology, trauma severity, embolization procedures, and 30-day mortality were examined. The primary outcome was identifying an embolized body region and arteries, and secondary outcome was procedure time.
Results

Embolization was mainly performed in pelvic fractures (n = 96, 59%) and abdominal organ injuries (n = 57, 35%) and extended to the chest (n = 17, 10%), cerebrovascular (n = 8, 4.9%), peripheral (n = 5, 3.1%), and other (n = 7, 4.3%) regions. Approximately 13% (n = 21) of patients underwent embolization in ≥2 regions. Embolization was more strictly performed in minor artery injuries, e.g. external iliac (n = 15, 16%) and lumbar artery (n = 22, 23%) branches in pelvic fractures, and inferior phrenic artery (n = 2, 3.5%) branches in liver injuries. Non-selective embolization for a pelvic fracture tended to show a shorter procedure time despite no statistically significant difference (p = 0.056). For a longer procedure time, the number of embolized arteries (R = 0.357) and embolized body regions (R = 0.428) correlated.
Conclusions

Embolizations for trauma patients extended to various trauma regions. In time-sensitive embolization, emergency interventional radiologists showed superior knowledge of expected embolizing arteries and factors associated with procedure time.
Greywater Treatment of Emerging Pollutant Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate By Adsorption With Leather Shave Waste Activated Carbon
Authors: Faccenda Henrique Baldi , Melara Flávia , Damini Gabriel , Godinho Marcelo , Manera Christian , Piccin Jeferson Steffanello 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the use of leather shave waste activated carbon (ACLW) as an alternative for the treatment of wastewaters containing Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS). Batch adsorption tests were carried out (pH effect, isotherms, kinetics). The activated carbon was tested for its life cycle by desorption with solvents and it was also evaluated as a real wastewater treatment for bath greywater. Under the optimum pH of 2.5, the equilibrium isotherms correlated better with the Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson models, indicating a possible multilayer formation, and classifying the isotherm as having a high affinity. Adsorption was shown to be endothermic (∆H0 = +73.89 kJ mol-1), entropy driven (∆S0 = +0.46 kJ mol-1 K-1) and occurs spontaneously. The kinetic studies showed a best correlation with the pseudo-second order model, with activation energy of 27.5 kJ mol-1. The use of ethanol solution was effective for the regeneration of the adsorbent. The adsorption was applied in real wastewater, removing contaminants from bath greywater, especially anionic surfactants with up to 95% removal efficiency.
Optimal Testing Strategies to Monitor COVID-19 Traced Contacts.
Authors: Foncea Patricio , Mondschein Susana , Olivares Marcelo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The quarantine of identified close contacts has been vital to reducing transmission rates and averting secondary infection risk before symptom onset and by asymptomatic cases. The effectiveness of this contact tracing strategy to mitigate transmission is sensitive to the adherence to quarantines, which may be lower for longer quarantine periods or in vaccinated populations (where perceptions of risk are reduced). This study develops a simulation model to evaluate contact tracing strategies based on the sequential testing of identified contacts after exposure as an alternative to quarantines, in which contacts are isolated only after confirmation by a positive test. The analysis considers different number and types of tests (PCR and lateral flow antigen tests (LFA)) to identify the cost-effective testing policies that minimize the expected infecting days post-exposure considering different levels of testing capacity. This analysis suggests that even a limited number of tests can be effective at reducing secondary infection risk: two LFA tests (with optimal timing) avert infectiousness at a level that is comparable to 14-day quarantine with 90% adherence; adding a third test (PCR or LFA) reaches the efficiency of a 95% quarantine adherence. These results are robust to the exposure dates of the contact, which suggests that simple testing rules can be effective for improving contact tracing in settings where strict quarantine adherence is difficult to implement.
Identification of Key Genes and Signaling Pathways Involved in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Potential Biomarkers of Its Consequent Heart Failure Based On Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Xiong Yuyan , Yang Yuejin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds

: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the predominant cause of cardiac death and ischemic heart failure (IHF) worldwide in coronary artery disease (CAD). Although it results from coronary acute occlusion, we in the study explored some key genes involved in the development of AMI and consequent IHF using bioinformatics analysis.
Methods

Utilizing expression data of 52 patients with AMI and 53 controls from GSE66360 and GSE97320 datasets, we screened shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the independent datasets. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were employed. GSE58967 of 111 AMI patients and 46 controls was used to validate the shared DEGs and further analyzed to identify the DEGs in AMI patients with and without heart failure (HF) with the dynamic changes also being evaluated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were used to validate the diagnostic efficiency.
Results

In the comparison of AMI patients with controls, we identified 105 shared DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed the shared DEGs mainly enriched in immune-related inflammation process and pathways. Filtered with PPI network, 5 genes of CXCL8, CXCL1, MMP9, FPR1 and TLR2 were considered as hub genes, which were further validated in GSE59867. Compared with the genes in AMI patients without HF, those of TNFAIP6, ADM, TRIB1, AQP9 and IL1R2 associated with ventricular remodeling were found to be significantly high expressed in patients with HF on admission with the AUC of ROC curves was 0.792–0.847 (all p < 0.05), which can be used as the potential biomarkers for early prediction of HF after AMI.
Conclusions

These findings based on integrated bioinformatic analysis provide new insights into the important roles of genes to play in the patients with AMI and consequent HF.
Development, Validity, and Reliability of a Japanese Version of End-of-Life in Dementia Scales
Authors: Toya Sayaka , Uchida Yoko , Yamazaki Tsuneo , Saito Tomoyuki , Chiba Yuhei , Kawashima Tomoyuki , Takai Yukari , Yamaguchi Haruyasu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background: End-of-life care quality should ideally be evaluated by patients themselves. However, patients suffer clinical symptoms and conspicuous cognitive and physical decline in end-stage dementia. Therefore, family members and nurses are often good proxies for evaluating patients’ satisfaction with end-of-life care and symptoms in end-stage dementia. The End-of-Life in Dementia scales, originally written in English, were specifically designed to examine the quality of end-of-life care for persons with dementia. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the End-of-Life in Dementia scales and evaluate its validity and reliability in Japan.Methods: The Japanese version of the End-of-Life in Dementia scales (EOLD-J) was created by translating the following original scale measurements: Satisfaction with Care (SWC-EOLD-J), Symptom Management (SM-EOLD-J), and Comfort Assessment in Dying with dementia (CAD-EOLD-J). Participants were 113 family members of deceased residents who received end-of-life care and died at 33 participating nursing homes, and 113 nurses who provided care to the residents. Participants were asked to recall residents’ last months and select related items on an evaluation form. The reliability of the scales was evaluated using a Cronbach’s alpha. The construct validity of the relationships between the SWC-EOLD-J scores and the Japanese Decision Regret Scale (DRS-J), the SM-EOLD-J and the short version of Quality of Life Questionnaire for Dementia (short QOL-D), and the CAD-EOLD-J and the short QOL-D were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results: Responses from 83 deceased residents’ family members, and 62 nurses were analyzed. The Cronbach’s alphas of the SWC-EOLD-J was 0.77, the SM-EOLD-J was 0.60, and the CAD-EOLD-J was 0.88. The SWC-EOLD-J score was significantly correlated with DRS-J (γ＝0.504, p < 0.001). The SM-EOLD-J score was significantly correlated with subscale of the short QOL-D: negative dimension ( γ＝0.587, p < 0.001), the CAD-EOLD-J score was significantly correlated with subscale of the short QOL-D: negative dimension (γ＝0.509, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study developed the EOLD-J and confirmed the reliability and validity of this scale.
Near Infrared Photothermoelectric Effect in Transparent AZO/ITO/Ag/ITO Thin Films
Authors: Bianchi Catarina , Marques Ana , Silva Rui , Calmeiro Tomas , Ferreira Isabel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A new concept of oxide-metal-oxide structures that combine photothermoelectric effect with high reflectance (~80%) at wavelengths in the infrared (> 1100 nm) and high transmittance in the visible range is reported here. This was observed in optimized ITO/Ag/ITO structure, 20 nm of Siver (Ag) and 40 nm of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), deposited on Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) thin film. These layers show high energy saving efficiency by keeping the temperature constant inside a glazed compartment under solar radiation, but additionally they also show a photothermoelectric effect. Under uniform heating of the sample a thermoelectric effect is observed (S = 40 μV/K), but when irradiated, a potential proportional to the intensity of the radiation is also observed. Therefore, in addition to thermal control in windows, these low emission coatings can be applied as transparent photothermoelectric devices.
Estimating genetic correlation jointly using individual-level and summary-level GWAS data
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Zhang Yiliang , Cheng Youshu , Ye Yixuan , Jiang Wei , Lu Qiongshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the increasing accessibility of individual-level data from genome wide association studies, it is now common for researchers to have individual-level data of some traits in one specific population. For some traits, we can only access public released summary-level data due to privacy and safety concerns. The current methods to estimate genetic correlation can only be applied when the input data type of the two traits of interest is either both individual-level or both summary-level. When researchers have access to individual-level data for one trait and summary-level data for the other, they have to transform the individual-level data to summary-level data first and then apply summary data-based methods to estimate the genetic correlation. This procedure is computationally and statistically inefficient and introduces information loss. We introduce GENJI (Genetic correlation EstimatioN Jointly using Individual-level and summary data), a method that can estimate within-population or transethnic genetic correlation based on individual-level data for one trait and summary-level data for another trait. Through extensive simulations and analyses of real data on within-population and transethnic genetic correlation estimation, we show that GENJI produces more reliable and efficient estimation than summary data-based methods. Besides, when individual-level data are available for both traits, GENJI can achieve comparable performance than individual-level data-based methods. Downstream applications of genetic correlation can benefit from more accurate estimates. In particular, we show that more accurate genetic correlation estimation facilitates the predictability of cross-population polygenic risk scores.