bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invited paper: Legitimacy of fire use: investigating the Continuum of Fire Use Theory (CoFUT)
Authors: Hope Jade Danielle , Horsley Faye Kathryn 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Most individuals regularly encounter fire, but certain uses are legally disallowed. Horsley (2020, 2021; in press) proposed the continuum of fire use theory (CoFUT), which posits that the legitimacy of fire use exists on a spectrum. This study aims to investigate the CoFUT and to elucidate the process of conceptualising legitimacy in a sample of legitimate fire users.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 16 legitimate fire users underwent semi-structured interviews regarding their own experiences with fire, the factors considered when determining the legitimacy of fire use and the relationships between those factors. The data extracted was subjected to conceptual analysis.

Findings
Analysis indicated that the legitimacy of fire use is best conceptualised along a continuum. Placement on the continuum required consideration of seven defining attributes: function; location; scale; materials used; characteristics of the actor(s); potential and actual consequences, and social acceptance. These attributes were shown to have interactive semantic relationships with one another.

Practical implications
A continuum approach to understanding fire use is a novel conceptualisation. Exposing the nuances that exist along the continuum could inform early intervention strategies aimed at fostering healthy relationships between young people and fire. Furthermore, practitioners working with arsonists would benefit from adopting a continuum perspective that allows for consideration of offenders’ individualised trajectory “up and down” the continuum of fire use.

Originality/value
Findings offer support for the CoFUT (2020; 2021; in press) and provide insight into how the legitimacy of fire use is conceptualised in legitimate fire users.
Optimal block search mechanism using deep recurrent neural network for enabling the code-efficiency in HEVC
Authors: Korishetti Anilkumar Chandrashekhar , Malemath Virendra S. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
High-efficiency video coding (HEVC) is the latest video coding standard that has better coding efficiency than the H.264/advanced video coding (AVC) standard. The purpose of this paper is to design and develop an effective block search mechanism for the video compression-HEVC standard such that the developed compression standard is applied for the communication applications.

Design/methodology/approach
In the proposed method, an rate-distortion (RD) trade-off, named regressive RD trade-off is used based on the conditional autoregressive value at risk (CaViar) model. The motion estimation (ME) is based on the new block search mechanism, which is developed with the modification in the Ordered Tree-based Hex-Octagon (OrTHO)-search algorithm along with the chronological Salp swarm algorithm (SSA) based on deep recurrent neural network (deepRNN) for optimally deciding the shape of search, search length of the tree and dimension. The chronological SSA is developed by integrating the chronological concept in SSA, which is used for training the deep RNN for ME.

Findings
The competing methods used for the comparative analysis of the proposed OrTHO-search based RD + chronological-salp swarm algorithm (RD + C-SSA) based deep RNN are support vector machine (SVM), fast encoding framework, wavefront-based high parallel (WHP) and OrTHO-search based RD method. The proposed video compression method obtained a maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 42.9180 dB and a maximum structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 0.9827.

Originality/value
In this research, an effective block search mechanism was developed with the modification in the OrTHO-search algorithm along with the chronological SSA based on deepRNN for the video compression-HEVC standard.
Entrepreneurial tendencies in franchisees: evidence from India
Authors: Bashir Gowsia , Saqib Natasha 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis study aims to examine franchising from an entrepreneurial perspective. The study investigates the extent to which franchisees exhibit entrepreneurial characteristics and various aspects of franchise development.Design/methodology/approachThe questionnaire was distributed to 430 franchisees operating in India and 409 responses were received. Descriptive and inferential statistics, such as correlation, analysis of variance and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.FindingsThe study’s findings indicate that franchisees also exhibit entrepreneurial characteristics and behavior. Additionally, as evidenced by their franchisee selection process, franchisors appear to value entrepreneurial personalities within their franchised outlets.Research limitations/implicationsBy generating sufficient business enterprises, the franchising system of entrepreneurship can be promoted as one of the solutions for developing countries. Additionally, the findings of this study suggest research implications for elucidating the entrepreneurial position of franchisees.Originality/valueConsiderable ambiguity exists when franchisees’ activities of operating and managing their outlets are considered entrepreneurial firms. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of franchising in the development of entrepreneurship. It provides empirical evidence for the extent of franchisees’ entrepreneurial tendencies and elaborates on key arguments in the franchising and entrepreneurship kinds of literature.
The study of sustainability as a mediator of new approaches to work and workspace usage
Authors: Kaur Taran , Solomon Priya 
Published: October 2021

PurposeMany corporates in India are constantly working to adapt new sustainable working practices that can reduce average space usage in the Indian workspace. This study aims to analyze the strategic shifts in terms of new approaches to work (NAW) adopted by information technology (IT) companies, influenced by sustainable practices that have a positive impact on the reduction in usage of brick and motor workspace and carbon footprint.Design/methodology/approachThe research is descriptive in nature. A questionnaire survey was sent to certified ISO 41001 Indian IT companies to collect data through SurveyMonkey. Stratified sampling was used to collect a sample of 583 respondents, which was also verified using G* software. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and partial least square-structured equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the mediating effect of sustainability on NAW and reduction in usage of workspace.FindingsThe structural model results obtained through the bootstrapping technique showed that sustainability has become essential to survive in a competitive business environment while developing NAW that can reduce workspace usage. The findings of this study support the partial mediation effect (38%) of sustainability on NAW and workspace usage patterns in the Indian IT workspace.Originality/valueThis research adds value to the limited literature on the effect of NAW in the Indian IT sector and provides empirical evidence of the impact of technology-enabled NAW based on sustainable practices that can help reduce the demand for workspace.
A comparative study of market potential for logistics outsourcing in Estonia and Finland
Authors: Solakivi Tomi , Kiisler Ain , Hilmola Olli-Pekka 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis research analyzes the development of logistics outsourcing market in two countries, Estonia and Finland, with different paths as members of the single European market. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the two markets have become more similar or whether their logistics costs and logistics markets have developed differently over time.Design/methodology/approachThe development of the logistics market is addressed through two survey-based variables. Logistics costs are used to measure the size of the logistics market, whereas logistics outsourcing is analyzed to measure the development phase as well as the market potential for logistics service provision.FindingsEstonian logistics outsourcing market was found to be underdeveloped and small compared to the Finnish market. At the same time, the logistics costs of Finnish companies are high and rising, whereas the costs of Estonian firms are declining.Research limitations/implicationsThe results imply that the level of outsourcing might explain the visibility of logistics costs, which should be taken into account when making estimates on logistics costs both at the firm as well as on country level.Social implicationsLogistics sector is an important source of national competitiveness and employment. This research identifies subareas for the two countries on how to develop competitiveness through the logistics market.Originality/valueThis research provides a unique method to estimate the size of logistics outsourcing market in these two countries. It also represents as one of the rare works to provide multiyear comparison between countries in logistics costs.
State ownership and bank performance: conventional vs Islamic banks
Authors: Alshammari Turki 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of state ownership on bank performance for all banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries during the period 2003 – 2018, for two distinct banking systems: the conventional and the Islamic banking systems.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the goal of the study, this paper uses a mean t-test to examine the mean difference of the related variables for both banking systems, and a regression test (using the GMM method) to explore the effect of state ownership on bank performance.FindingsThe most important result of the analysis is that state ownership has a significantly positive influence on bank performance for conventional banks but not for Islamic banks, in the GCC area.Originality/valueThis study adds to the scarce related literature comparative empirical results with respect to the impact of ownership on the performance of two different banking systems: the conventional system and the Islamic banking system in the GCC area. This study is likely to have implications for policymakers in terms of developing rules relevant to the governance of GCC’s two banking systems that can help to support the stability of the whole banking sector.
Challenges of money laundering for sovereign states that uses the US dollar
Authors: Maguchu Prosper Simbarashe 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
There has been almost no scholarly work on the challenges of money laundering in sovereign states that use the US dollar as their currency of choice. This study aims to break the silence by highlighting how money laundering thrives in these situations mainly due to lack of or weak regulation of the US dollar by both the adopting states and the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
The research depended on various secondary data sources. It is an adapted academic version of a shorter piece for a professional magazine for professionals in the Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Field.

Findings
Preliminary findings show that due to the lack of regulation of the US dollar in dollarized economies, unscrupulous politicians, organized criminal gangs and multinational corporations among others can use a variation of the Black Market Peso Exchange (BMPE) to counteract money laundering controls and launder ill-gotten gains from crimes such as corruption, transnational crimes and tax evasion. Furthermore, ordinary citizens, migrant workers and small businesses avoiding stringent exchange rates are also using the black market, posing a further challenge to the law enforcement authorities.

Practical implications
The practical implications of this paper relate to how the mutations of money laundering techniques, as they are adopted by criminals, to operate in different conditions are making it difficult not only to dictate but also to address using traditional AML techniques.

Social implications
BMPE has far reaching social consequences. Hence, this study is significant to instigate a search for solutions and for further detailed studies into the money laundering techniques in countries that do not have a sovereign currency.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to discuss the unique challenges faced by countries that have adopted the US dollar for domestic use. The paper also shows how dollarization is a modest reminder that money laundering technique such as the BMPE can evolve to counter the legislative and regulatory environment of the various jurisdictions in which they are laundered.
Medium optimization and downstream process design for the augmented yield of β-Carotene using fungi Blakeslea trispora
Authors: Luthra Umesh , Babu Prabhakar , R.R. Remya , Julius Angeline , Patel Yogesh , Jajula Veera Ramesh , Majeed Ilma 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
β-Carotene is the most appropriate and significant precursor of vitamin A. Synthetic carotene supplements have been known to pose a threat to human health, making natural sources such as the indefensible choice for the production and extraction of carotene.

Design/methodology/approach
This study considers Blakeslea trispora, a filamentous fungus, as a source of production of carotenoids by fermentation and wet and dry mycelium were used to analyse and obtain better extraction results.

Findings
In this study, natural oils such as soy oil and cottonseed oil were incorporated into fermentation media to increase the production of carotene. For the optimization process, Plackett–Burman and one-factor-at-a-time (OVAT) models were identified as being of great value.

Originality/value
OVAT was carried out for corn starch because it plays a major role in the production of carotene and the corn starch at 30 g/L concentration has shown the maximum activity of 3.48 mg/gm. After optimizing process variables, submerged fermentation was eventually carried out under highly controlled media conditions. The resulting product was quantified using UV spectroscopy and extraction of carotene has been observed in the presence of various solvents. Among a range of solvents used, the methylene Di chloride produced-carotene at 86% recovery at a significantly lower temperature of 35°C.
Emergency methodological pivots: a situational analysis of doctoral candidates’ research engagement during crisis in the United States
Authors: Johnson Ane Turner , Kerrigan Monica Reid 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
In this study, the authors explored the situation of the doctoral candidate in the social sciences as they were confronted by crisis and forced to make changes to their dissertation research plans. The authors conceptualized this as a methodological pivot, or an unexpected shift in trajectory, in which candidates engaged and that culminated in new research plans.

Design/Methodology/Approach
Using situational analysis, a form of qualitative grounded theory, the authors conducted interviews and collected extant artifacts to understand the situations of the candidate engaged in the pivot. The analysis produced a situational map and a grounded theorizing. The authors also bound the analysis by a specific time period: the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA.

Findings
The grounded theorizing evidenced stages of pivoting, reflected as an internal process of grieving. Participants also endured external institutional impediments around programmatic support, funding and policy. Each internal and external situation exerted some degree of pressure on the candidate’s pivot. Technology and its impact on fieldwork, methodological assets and epistemological shifts mediated internal and external situations to produce the pivot.

Originality/Value
This work is unique in that it expands on the field of study and practice that has emerged from the complexity of crisis in education, situated predominantly in lower to middle-income countries. In higher income countries, like the USA, educational institutions remain unprepared for crisis. This work underscores this paucity. The authors also build on the literature that addresses the challenges graduate learners face with support and its implications for persistence.
Reverse time migration with Gaussian beams using optimized ray tracing systems in transversely isotropic media
Authors: Liu Qiang , Li Zhen‐Chun , Xiao Jian‐En , Xu Xue‐Cheng 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTPrestack depth migration is a key technology for imaging complex reservoirs in media with strong lateral velocity variations. Prestack migrations are broadly separated into ray‐based and wave‐equation‐based methods. Because of its efficiency and flexibility, ray‐based Kirchhoff migration is popular in the industry. However, it has difficulties in dealing with the multi‐arrivals, caustics and shadow zones. On the other hand, wave‐equation‐based methods produce images superior to that of the ray‐based methods, but they are expensive numerically, especially methods based on two‐way propagators in imaging large regions. Therefore, reverse time migration algorithms with Gaussian beams have recently been proposed to reduce the cost, as they combine the high computational efficiency of Gaussian beam migration and the high accuracy of reverse time migration. However, this method was based on the assumption that the subsurface is isotropic. As the acquired azimuth and maximum offsets increase, taking into account the influence of anisotropy on seismic migration is becoming more and more crucial. Using anisotropic ray tracing systems in terms of phase velocity, we proposed an anisotropic reverse time migration using the Gaussian beams method. We consider the influence of anisotropy on the propagation direction and calculate the amplitude of Gaussian beams with optimized correlation coefficients in dynamic ray tracing, which simplifies the calculations and improves the applicability of the proposed method. Numerical tests on anisotropic models demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, which can be used to image complex structures in the presence of anisotropy in the overburden.
SEVAtile: a standardised DNA assembly method optimised for Pseudomonas
Authors: Lammens Eveline‐Marie , Boon Maarten , Grimon Dennis , Briers Yves , Lavigne Rob 
Published: October 2021

SummaryTo meet the needs of synthetic biologists, DNA assembly methods have transformed from simple ‘cut‐and‐paste’ procedures to highly advanced, standardised assembly techniques. Implementing these standardised DNA assembly methods in biotechnological research conducted in non‐model hosts, including Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, could greatly benefit reproducibility and predictability of experimental results. SEVAtile is a Type IIs‐based assembly approach, which enables the rapid and standardised assembly of genetic parts – or tiles – to create genetic circuits in the established SEVA‐vector backbone. Contrary to existing DNA assembly methods, SEVAtile is an easy and straightforward method, which is compatible with any vector, both SEVA‐ and non‐SEVA. To prove the efficiency of the SEVAtile method, a three‐vector system was successfully generated to independently co‐express three different proteins in P. putida and P. aeruginosa. More specifically, one of the vectors, pBGDes, enables genomic integration of assembled circuits in the Tn7 landing site, while self‐replicatory vectors pSTDesX and pSTDesR enable inducible expression from the XylS/Pm and RhaRS/PrhaB expression systems, respectively. Together, we hope these vector systems will support research in both the microbial SynBio and Pseudomonas field.
The features and processes underpinning high‐quality data generation in participatory research and engagement activities
Authors: Maund Phoebe R. , Bentley Jacob W. , Austen Gail E. , Irvine Katherine N. , Fish Robert , Dallimer Martin , Davies Zoe G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Participatory approaches are widely used by researchers to gather data and insight about how the environment is perceived, valued and used. The participatory activities may be creating information as part of curiosity‐driven blue‐skies research or to inform policy/practise decision‐making.

The quality and usability of data derived from participatory approaches are heavily influenced by how activities are conducted. We share a set of features and processes that underpin the generation of high‐quality data, based on our collective experience of developing and undertaking participatory activities with an environmental and conservation focus.

We propose four general features: (a) Depth and breadth of engagement; (b) robustness of the approach; (c) allowing space for surprises; (d) usability across contexts. We also provide a practical toolbox of processes, and associated facilitation techniques, which can be employed to maximise participant engagement and generate quality data.

The features and processes are a practical guide for project leaders/teams to consider in the context of their work, rather than a set of inflexible rules. They should be relevant regardless of the participatory methods used, or the research, policy or practice setting being addressed.
Discrete white matter abnormalities at age 8–11 years in children born extremely preterm are not associated with adverse cognitive or motor outcomes
Authors: Nosko Daniela , Strindberg Marika , Svoboda Jan , Kvanta Hedvig , Broström Lina , Padilla Nelly , Mårtensson Gustaf , Örtqvist Maria , Moreira Nuno Canto , Ådén Ulrika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimLittle is known about the prevalence of discrete white matter abnormalities (WMA) beyond the first years in children born extremely preterm (EPT) and the relation to neurodevelopmental outcomes. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of discrete WMA in children born EPT and the relationship to neonatal white matter injuries (WMI), white matter (WM) volume, WM diffusivity and neurodevelopment.MethodsThe study was a part of a longitudinal follow‐up study of EPT neonates. All children were scanned at Karolinska University hospital 2004–2007 (neonates) and 2014–2015 (children at 8–11 years). WMA was qualitatively assessed by visual inspection. Developmental assessment was conducted at 12 years.ResultsIn total, 112 children (median age 10.3 years, 56 girls) underwent MRI of the brain (68 EPT, 45 controls). In the EPT group, a subset had MRI around term equivalent age (n = 61). In the EPT group, the prevalence of discrete WMA at 8–11 years was 52%. There was a positive association between WMI at TEA and 8–11 years. There was no association between WMI and WM volumes or diffusivity at 8–11 years. Discrete WMA was not related to neurodevelopmental outcomes.ConclusionDiscrete WMA was prevalent in children born EPT at 8–11 years but were not related to neurodevelopmental outcomes.