bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AXL is crucial for E1A‐enhanced therapeutic efficiency of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors through NFI in breast cancer
Authors: Su Chih‐Ming , Hsu Tung‐Wei , Sung Shian‐Ying , Huang Ming‐Te , Chen Kuan‐Chou , Huang Chih‐Yang , Chiang Chien Yi , Su Yen‐Hao , Chen Hsin‐An , Liao Po‐Hsiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAXL which is a chemosensitizer protein for breast cancer cells in response to epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor and suppresses tumor growth. The clinical information show nuclear factor I (NFI)‐C and NFI‐X expression correlate with AXL expression in breast cancer patients. Following, we establish serial deletions of AXL promoter to identify regions required for Adenovirus‐5 early region 1A (E1A)‐mediated AXL suppression. All of the NFI family members were extensively studied for their expression and functions in regulating AXL. Moreover, E1A post‐transcriptionally downregulates AXL expression through NFI. NFI‐C and NFI‐X, not NFI‐A and NFI‐B, resulting in cell death in response to EGFR‐TKI. Our finding suggests that NFI‐C and NFI‐X are crucial regulators for AXL and significantly correlated with poor survival of breast cancer patients.
Advances in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering bioprobes for cancer imaging
Authors: Lin Jie , Akakuru Ozioma Udochukwu , Wu Aiguo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology with feature of high sensitivity, selective enhancement, in situ detection, nondestructive, label free, and fingerprint spectrum has been widely utilized in various practical applications, especially for bioanalysis. Cancer diagnosis and therapy based on SERS bioimaging has been reported as a promising approach in recent decades, and various types of material‐based SERS bioprobes are rapidly designed continuously. SERS bioimaging has been successfully employed in cancer screening, diagnosis, and componential analysis in both in vitro and in vivo cancer tissue samples, which simultaneously provides visual morphology and biochemical information. Precise tumor tissue excision, real‐time monitoring of cellular uptake process, and noninvasive cell tracking and labeling are realized due to the effective Raman image bioprobes, satisfying the requirements of precision medicine. Here, an overview of SERS bioprobes based on noble metals, metal oxides, and composite materials is presented by highlighting their respective, unique advantages and recent achievements in cancer imaging realm. This review also offers a distinctive perspective on designing multifunctional micro–nanoparticles with remarkable SERS activity, and proposing novel strategies for establishing high‐performance sensors and imaging bioprobes derived from the deep insight of enhancement mechanism for different types of SERS substrates.
Landscape of modular symmetric flavor models
Authors: Ishiguro Keiya , Kobayashi Tatsuo , Otsuka Hajime 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the moduli stabilization from the viewpoint of modular flavor symmetries. We systematically analyze stabilized moduli values in possible configurations of flux compactifications, investigating probabilities of moduli values and showing which moduli values are favorable from our moduli stabilization. Then, we examine their implications on modular symmetric flavor models. It is found that distributions of complex structure modulus τ determining the flavor structure are clustered at a fixed point with the residual ℤ3 symmetry in the SL(2, ℤ) fundamental region. Also, they are clustered at other specific points such as intersecting points between |τ|2 = k/2 and Re τ = 0,±1/4,±1/2, although their probabilities are less than the ℤ3 fixed point. In general, CP-breaking vacua in the complex structure modulus are statistically disfavored in the string landscape. Among CP-breaking vacua, the values Re τ = ±1/4 are most favorable in particular when the axio-dilaton S is stabilized at Re S = ±1/4. That shows a strong correlation between CP phases originated from string moduli.
Session-based concurrency, declaratively
Authors: Cano Mauricio , López Hugo A. , Pérez Jorge A. , Rueda Camilo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSession-based concurrencyis a type-based approach to the analysis of message-passing programs. These programs may be specified in anoperationalordeclarativestyle: the former defines how interactions are properly structured; the latter defines governing conditions for correct interactions. In this paper, we study rigorous relationships between operational and declarative models of session-based concurrency. We develop a correct encoding of session$$\pi $$π-calculus processes into the linear concurrent constraint calculus ($$\texttt {lcc}$$lcc), a declarative model of concurrency based on partial information (constraints). We exploit session types to ensure that our encoding satisfies precise correctness properties and that it offers a sound basis on which operational and declarative requirements can be jointly specified and reasoned about. We demonstrate the applicability of our results by using our encoding in the specification of realistic communication patterns with time and contextual information.
Potentiated inhibition of Trichoderma virens and other environmental fungi by new biocide combinations
Authors: Vallières Cindy , Alexander Cameron , Avery Simon V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fungi cause diverse, serious socio-economic problems, including biodeterioration of valuable products and materials that spawns a biocides industry worth ~$11 billion globally. To help combat environmental fungi that commonly colonise material products, this study tested the hypothesis that combination of an approved fungicide with diverse agents approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) could reveal potent combinatorial activities with promise for fungicidal applications. The strategy to use approved compounds lowers potential development risks for any effective combinations. A high-throughput assay of 1280 FDA-approved compounds was conducted to find those that potentiate the effect of iodopropynyl-butyl-carbamate (IPBC) on the growth of Trichoderma virens; IPBC is one of the two most widely used Biocidal Products Regulations–approved fungicides. From this library, 34 compounds in combination with IPBC strongly inhibited fungal growth. Low-cost compounds that gave the most effective growth inhibition were tested against other environmental fungi that are standard biomarkers for resistance of synthetic materials to fungal colonisation. Trifluoperazine (TFZ) in combination with IPBC enhanced growth inhibition of three of the five test fungi. The antifungal hexetidine (HEX) potentiated IPBC action against two of the test organisms. Testable hypotheses on the mechanisms of these combinatorial actions are discussed. Neither IPBC + TFZ nor IPBC + HEX exhibited a combinatorial effect against mammalian cells. These combinations retained strong fungal growth inhibition properties after incorporation to a polymer matrix (alginate) with potential for fungicide delivery. The study reveals the potential of such approved compounds for novel combinatorial applications in the control of fungal environmental opportunists.

Key points
• Search with an approved fungicide to find new fungicidal synergies in drug libraries.
• New combinations inhibit growth of key environmental fungi on different matrices.
• The approach enables a more rapid response to demand for new biocides.
Yoga—An Alternative Form of Therapy in Patients with Blunt Chest Trauma: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gunjiganvi Mallikarjun , Mathur Purva , Kumari Minu , Madan Karan , Kumar Atin , Sagar Rajesh , Sagar Sushma , Gupta Amit , Mishra Biplab , Mir Altaf Hussain , Meti Mohini , Kumar Subodh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundYoga as alternative form of therapy has shown positive impact on pulmonary functions, exercise capacity, behavioral changes, and inflammation in non‐trauma patients. However, the efficacy of Yoga has not been studied in chest trauma patients.
MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted at level‐1 Trauma Centre. Isolated chest injury patients were randomized into either standard physiotherapy or Yogatherapy groups. Patients in physiotherapy group received conventional chest physiotherapy and Yogatherapy group received a set of Yogic exercises in addition to conventional chest physiotherapy. Primary outcome measure was changes in pulmonary function tests (PFT) at 4 weeks of discharge. Secondary outcomes were changes in quality of life (QoL), respiratory muscle strength and endurance, chest wall mobility, and levels of cytokines at 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using STATA v14.0.ResultsA total of 89 eligible patients were randomized to physiotherapy (n = 46) and Yoga therapy (n = 43) groups. Demographic characteristics were comparable in both the groups. There were statistically significant improvements in PFT in the Yogatherapy group compared with physiotherapy with an increase in Forced vital capacity (p = 0.02) and Forced expiratory volume (p = 0.01) at 4 weeks. In addition, there were significant improvement in physical component of QoL, respiratory muscle endurance (p = 0.003) and axillary cirtometry (p = 0.009) in the Yogatherapy group. However, no statistically significant difference in the trends of cytokine markers seen between the groups.ConclusionYoga was found to be effective in improving pulmonary functions and QoL in patients with chest trauma. (Trial registered at ctri.nic.in/clinicaltrials/login.php, numberREF/2016/05/011,287).
Combining survey and remotely sensed environmental data to estimate the habitat associations, abundance and distribution of breeding thin-billed prions Pachyptila belcheri and Wilson’s storm-petrels Oceanites oceanicus on a South Atlantic tussac island
Authors: Stokes Allan W. , Catry Paulo , Matthiopoulos Jason , Boldenow Megan , Clark T. J. , Guest Amy , Marengo Ilaria , Wakefield Ewan D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSmall petrels are the most abundant seabirds in the Southern Ocean. However, because they breed in burrows on remote and often densely vegetated islands, their colony sizes and conservation status remain poorly known. To estimate the abundance of these species on Bird Island in the Falkland archipelago, we systematically surveyed their breeding burrow density and occupancy across this near-pristine tussac (Poa flabellata)-covered island. By modelling burrow density as functions of topography and Sentinel 2 satellite-derived Normalised Difference Vegetation Index data, we inferred habitat associations and predicted burrow abundance of the commonest species—Thin-billed Prions (Pachyptila belcheri) and Wilson’s Storm-petrels (Oceanites oceanicus). We estimate that there are 631,000 Thin-billed Prion burrows on the island (95% CI 496,000–904,000 burrows). Assuming that burrow occupancy lies between 12 and 97%, this equates to around 76,000–612,000 breeding pairs, making Bird Island the second or third largest P. belcheri colony in the world, holding approximately 3–27% of the species’ breeding population. We estimate that 8200–9800 (95% CI 5,200–18,300 pairs) pairs of Wilson’s Storm-petrels also breed on the island. Notably, the latter burrowed predominantly under and within tussac pedestals, whereas they are usually assumed to breed in rock cavities. Thin-billed Prions are declining in the Kerguelen archipelago, but their population trends in the Falklands are unknown. Given the wide confidence intervals around our own and other population estimates for these cryptic species, we recommend that their populations should be monitored regularly, at multiple sites.
Adrenergic tone benefits cardiac performance and warming tolerance in two teleost fishes that lack a coronary circulation
Authors: Ekström Andreas , Sundell Erika , Morgenroth Daniel , Sandblom Erik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTolerance to acute environmental warming in fish is partly governed by the functional capacity of the heart to increase systemic oxygen delivery at high temperatures. However, cardiac function typically deteriorates at high temperatures, due to declining heart rate and an impaired capacity to maintain or increase cardiac stroke volume, which in turn has been attributed to a deterioration of the electrical conductivity of cardiac tissues and/or an impaired cardiac oxygen supply. While autonomic regulation of the heart may benefit cardiac function during warming by improving myocardial oxygenation, contractility and conductivity, the role of these processes for determining whole animal thermal tolerance is not clear. This is in part because interpretations of previous pharmacological in vivo experiments in salmonids are ambiguous and were confounded by potential compensatory increases in coronary oxygen delivery to the myocardium. Here, we tested the previously advanced hypothesis that cardiac autonomic control benefits heart function and acute warming tolerance in perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus); two species that lack coronary arteries and rely entirely on luminal venous oxygen supplies for cardiac oxygenation. Pharmacological blockade of β-adrenergic tone lowered the upper temperature where heart rate started to decline in both species, marking the onset of cardiac failure, and reduced the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) in perch. Cholinergic (muscarinic) blockade had no effect on these thermal tolerance indices. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adrenergic stimulation improves cardiac performance during acute warming, which, at least in perch, increases acute thermal tolerance.
A general, implicit, finite-strain FE$$^2$$ framework for the simulation of dynamic problems on two scales
Authors: Tamsen Erik , Balzani Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we present a fully-coupled, two-scale homogenization method for dynamic loading in the spirit of FE$$^2$$2methods. The framework considers the balance of linear momentum including inertia at the microscale to capture possible dynamic effects arising from micro heterogeneities. A finite-strain formulation is adapted to account for geometrical nonlinearities enabling the study of e.g. plasticity or fiber pullout, which may be associated with large deformations. A consistent kinematic scale link is established as displacement constraint on the whole representative volume element. The consistent macroscopic material tangent moduli are derived including micro inertia in closed form. These can easily be calculated with a loop over all microscopic finite elements, only applying existing assembly and solving procedures. Thus, making it suitable for standard finite element program architectures. Numerical examples of a layered periodic material are presented and compared to direct numerical simulations to demonstrate the capability of the proposed framework. In addition, a simulation of a split Hopkinson tension test showcases the applicability of the framework to engineering problems.
Emotional profiles regarding maths among primary school children – A two-year longitudinal study
Authors: Mata Lourdes , Monteiro Vera , Peixoto Francisco , Santos Natalie Nóbrega , Sanches Cristina , Gomes Marta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLearning maths is challenging for many primary school students, and teachers must understand students’ learning and emotional processes specific to learning maths. The current research, grounded in control-value theory, focused on achievement emotions regarding maths. Primary school students (N = 71) were studied with the primary objective of examining the longitudinal trajectories of achievement emotions of third graders over two years. The Portuguese Achievement Emotions Questionnaire for Elementary Students was administered biannually to assess enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom regarding maths. The results indicate that enjoyment decreased and boredom increased over time, revealing three emotional profiles: positive, negative and moderate. The positive profile showed the highest scores in maths achievement. Profile membership was moderately stable and became increasingly stable and structured. In examining the complexity of students’ emotional profiles and processes, the importance of understanding them to enhance educational support, development, and learning was highlighted.
An iconic messenger of climate change? Predicting the range dynamics of the European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster)
Authors: Stiels Darius , Bastian Hans-Valentin , Bastian Anita , Schidelko Kathrin , Engler Jan O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhen environmental conditions change, species usually face three options: adaptation, range shifts, or extinction. In the wake of climate change, it is generally believed that range shifts are the norm in mobile species such as birds, resulting in poleward range shifts. The European Bee-eater is a predominantly Mediterranean species which has expanded its range to higher latitudes over the last decades. Germany in particular has seen a surge in breeding pairs and foundation of new colonies. However, while many experts suggest climate warming as the main driver behind this range expansion, an explicit quantification remains open. Here, we use an ensemble modelling approach to study the recent climatic niche suitability of the European Bee-eater across Europe with a special focus on Germany and project its predicted Palaearctic breeding distribution onto the year 2050 using two global circulation models and two representative concentration pathways. Models were able to predict the current European range of the species with some underestimated areas in Central and Eastern Europe, depending on the selected model. We found a strong relationship between climatic suitable areas and estimated population sizes across European countries that is reflected in most algorithms. In particular, the German population size is in line with climate suitability in the country suggesting a strong climate–population relationship and a high degree of niche filling. Most future predictions point to an ongoing northward expansion of the species while areas in Southern Europe and the Maghreb area remain largely suitable. The strong climate–population relationship makes the European Bee-eater an appropriate indicator species for climate change. Yet the high variability of modelling algorithms also call for caution of using these techniques without careful inspection.
Streamlining leaf damage rating scales for the fall armyworm on maize
Authors: Toepfer Stefan , Fallet Patrick , Kajuga Joelle , Bazagwira Didace , Mukundwa Ishimwe Primitive , Szalai Mark , Turlings Ted C. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is native to the Americas, has recently invaded Africa and Asia. There, it has become a major pest of maize (Zea mays). The variety of methods used to assess feeding damage caused by its caterpillars makes it difficult to compare studies. In this paper, we aim at determining which leaf damage rating scales for fall armyworm are most consistently used for which purposes, might provide most possibilities for statistical analyses, and would be an acceptable compromise between detail and workload. We first conducted a literature review and then validated the most common scales under field and laboratory conditions. Common leaf damage scales are the nominal “yes-no damage scale” that only assesses damage incidence, as well as difficult-to-analyse ordinal scales which combine incidence and severity information such as the “Simple 1 to 5 whole plant damage scale”, “Davis’ 0 to 9 whorl & furl damage scale”, or “Williams’ 0 to 9 whole plant damage scale”. These scales have been adapted many times, are sometimes used incorrectly, or were wrongly cited. We therefore propose simplifications of some of these scales as well as a novel “0.0 to 4.0 fall armyworm leaf damage index” which improves precision and possibilities for parametric data analyses. We argue that the choice of a scale to use should depend on the desired level of detail, type of data analyses envisioned, and manageable time investment.
Epiphysiodesis for the treatment of tall stature and leg length discrepancy
Authors: Willegger Madeleine , Schreiner Markus , Kolb Alexander , Windhager Reinhard , Chiari Catharina 
Published: March 2021

SummaryPainful orthopedic conditions associated with extreme tall stature and leg length discrepancy (LLD) include back pain and adopting bad posture. After failure of conservative treatment options, blocking of the growth plates (epiphysiodesis) around the knee emerged as gold standard in patients with tall stature and LLD in the growing skeleton. Surgical planning includes growth prediction and evaluation of bone age. Since growth prediction is associated with a certain potential error, adequate planning and timing of epiphysiodesis are the key for success of the treatment. LLD corrections up to 5 cm can be achieved, and predicted extreme tall stature can be limited. Percutaneous epiphysiodesis techniques are minimally invasive, safe and efficient methods with low complication rates. In general, a multidisciplinary approach should be pursued when treating children and adolescents with tall stature.
Therapie von schwerbehandelbaren chronischen Wunden mit Hyaluronsäureester: Eine Fallbeschreibung über sechs Patient*innen
Authors: Maitz Emanuel , Binder Barbara 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von chronischen Wunden ist meist eine große Herausforderung für alle Beteiligten. Oft ist der Weg bis zur Heilung langwierig und frustran, sodass verschiedene Therapieversuche durchgeführt werden müssen, bis eine Heilung erzielt wird. In dieser retrospektiven Fallbeschreibung berichten wir über den Behandlungserfolg durch die Therapie mit einem Hyaluronsäureester-Flies, den wir bei 6 Patient*innen mit chronischen Wunden unterschiedlicher Genese erzielen konnten. Alle Patient*innen bekamen zusätzlich Kompressionsbandagen oder Kompressionsstrümpfe, zwei zusätzlich eine Druckentlastung und alle wurden, wenn nötig, debridiert. Die chronischen Wunden von 5 der 6 Patient*innen heilten vollständig oder nur mit einem minimalen Restdefekt ab, 1 Patient war weiterhin therapieresistent. Speziell bei Patient*innen mit Grunderkrankungen, welche eine erfolgreiche Therapie besonders erschweren, konnten wir feststellen, dass durch eine Behandlung mit Hyaluronsäureestern dennoch gute Erfolge erzielt werden können.