bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CANOSSA CASTLE: THE IMPORTANCE OF A CRITIC AND AWARE PLAN OF INTERVENTIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND PREVENTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Ferrari Lia , Catellani Marco , Zanazzi Elena 
Published: April 2021

Fortified architecture is a widespread and peculiar typology in Italy as it represents an identifying element for communities and a reference point in the landscape. An imposing system of castles, dating back to the 11th century, characterises the area of Reggio Emilia, in the Emilia Romagna Region. Among these fortifications, Canossa Castle is an important and distinctive fortress. Built on the top of an isolated cliff, a particularly strategic and defensive point, it played a central role in the medieval European history. For instance, it was the scene of the well-known reconciliation between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII, which ended the Investiture Controversy in 1077. The current state of ruins of this fortress is due to both centuries of neglect and to recent incongruent interventions. Therefore, archival research, in-situ inspections and photogrammetric techniques were carried out on the case study of Canossa Castle, in order to analyse the numerous restoration yards that have followed one another on the fortress in the last century. Firstly, the lack of coordination between the different interventions emerged. Furthermore, it has been observed that the principles of restoration have been disregarded several times, with consequent damage to the archaeological remains. Therefore, the present study aims to underline the importance of a critical and aware intervention plan for the conservation and damage prevention of cultural heritage, considering the possible support of HBIM tools.
PARAMETRIC PARADIGMA: EXCEPTIONAL COFFERED CEILING ARCHITECTURE VS HBIM
Authors: Rosignoli Olga , Scala Barbara , Treccani Daniele , Adami Andrea , Taffurelli Laura , Scandurra Simona , Fregonese Luigi 
Published: April 2021

The scientific community is confirming the advantages of using BIM in the processes of conservation, management, and intervention over architectural historical heritage. However, many difficulties remain in the transcription process of elements of the built environment, especially when the objective of the model is to support decision-making processes in restoration operations. Even for apparently simple elements the procedures are not trivial; the need to define the most adequate operational strategies remains. In the context of this study, a possible approach concerning the documentation of a coffered ceiling has been proposed, a case study which takes into consideration the need to discretize information (to make it effective, transmissible, and understandable) and the potential offered by the combined use of further software automatization.
MONITORING LANDSCAPE DEGRADATION IN MEDITERRANEAN AREAS INTEGRATING MEDALUS AND REMOTE SENSING FOR FRAGILE ARCHEOLANDSCAPE PLANNING: THE BASILICATA CASE STUDY
Authors: Gabriele Marzia , Brumana Raffaella , Previtali Mattia , Cazzani Alberta 
Published: April 2021

The main objective of the research was identifying the phenomena that generate land degradation (LD), in the Basilicata region’s landscape (southern Italy),with a MEDALUS (Kosmas et al., 1999) and RS approach, through the help of 6 main indicators (Soil Quality Index, Climate Quality Index, Vegetation Quality Index, Management Quality Index, Landslide Risk Index, Water Availability Index) and through NDVI differencing thresholds evaluation in time intervals, covering a 20 years’ time span going from 2000 to 2020. The Basilicata region saw this phenomenon increased in the past centuries, both because there has never been any monitoring of LD at regional planning-level, and for the fact that historically the region suffered severe agricultural stress, with enormous deforestations that have led to soil degradation and consequently to the depopulation of the internal marginal areas. These elements caused a strong impact on the potential regional progress, both economic and social, leading to a huge ecological damage. The methodology helped to outline the future LD predictions for the region, and consequentially its management possibilities and implications in relation to this critical issue, in order to maintain or restore the pre-existing values, thus integrating the study of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) in a scientific validated Decision Support System (DSS), for new coherent and integrated landscape strategies in marginal territories. This objective derives from recognizing the landscape as defined in the European Convention (Council of Europe, 2000) as an important element for community interest, on the cultural, ecological, environmental and social point of view, and as a resource for economic development, pursued by enhancing the preservation of its fundamental component of cultural and natural heritage.
Educação em saúde para a população em situação de rua
Authors: Castro Estefani Santos , De Quevedo Vanessa Silva , Arsie Natalye Victoria da Costa , Casini Guilhermo , Kandauroff Lara , Gallo Rubneide Barreto Silva 
Published: April 2021

A População em Situação de Rua (PSR) é um grupo vulnerável ao surgimento de doenças e comprometimentos biopsicossociais, sendo a educação em saúde contribuinte na transmissão de conhecimentos e autocuidado. Objetivo: apresentar o impacto da educação em saúde para a PSR. Método: estudantes de fisioterapia desenvolveram atividades 1 vez/semana durante 2 horas, distribuídos em: avaliação individual; explanação e discussão do tema; exercícios físicos; feedback dos participantes. Ao total foram 13 encontros, incluindo familiarização, 11 oficinas e encerramento, realizados na paróquia Bom Jesus dos Perdões, Curitiba/PR. Resultados: Participaram 68 indivíduos, com mediana de 9 participantes por encontros. Os temas com maiores participações foram dores musculoesqueléticas e imagem corporal (n=15); e Câncer de próstata (n=12). Conclusões: esta experiência proporcionou uma ampla forma de aprendizagem para os estudantes e participantes, troca de saberes e de diferentes histórias de vida. Conhecendo o cotidiano da PSR e seus processos de adoecimento, pode-se nortear formas adequadas de intervenções.
Đánh giá hiệu quả điều trị viêm nha chu có hỗ trợ laser diode 810nm lên kiểm soát đường huyết, protein phản ứng C và các cytokine viêm ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường týp 2
Authors: Minh Nguyễn Văn , Tuấn Tạ Anh , Hùng Hoàng Tử 
Published: April 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả điều trị viêm nha chu có hỗ trợ laser diode 810nm lên kiểm soát hàm lượng protein phản ứng C (CRP), các cytokine viêm (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) và đường huyết ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường týp 2. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu thực hiện trên 30 bệnh nhân đái tháo đường týp 2 có bệnh lý viêm nha chu. Bệnh nhân được đánh giá các chỉ số lâm sàng nha chu gồm: Chỉ số nướu (GI), chỉ số mảng bám răng (PI), độ sâu túi nha chu (PD), mất bám dính lâm sàng (CAL) và HbA1c ở thời điểm trước điều trị và 3 tháng sau điều trị. Mẫu máu bệnh nhân được dùng để phân tích các yếu tố CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α ở thời điểm trước điều trị và 1 tháng sau điều trị nha chu. Kết quả: Tất cả chỉ số lâm sàng nha chu giảm có ý nghĩa thống kê sau 3 tháng điều trị. Hàm lượng các chất gây viêm toàn thân (CRP, cytokine) có giảm sau 1 tháng. Điều trị nha chu đồng thời làm giảm HbA1c có ý nghĩa sau 3 tháng. Kết luận: Điều trị nha chu không phẫu thuật có hỗ trợ laser diode có hiệu quả về mặt lâm sàng, HbA1c và làm giảm các yếu tố viêm toàn thân.
Dil̄alatu Lafẓi "Fataḥa" Wa Musytaqātihi Fī Al-Qur’an Al-Karim
Authors: Rifa'i Muhammad Farid 
Published: April 2021

Al-Qur’an Al-Karim merupakan mukjizat terbesar. Diantara mukjizat Al-Qur’an Al-Karim ialah mukjizat dari aspek kebahasaan, hal ini berkaitan erat dengan bahasa Arab, mukjizat Al-Qur’an Al-Karim terkandung dalam setiap kata dan gaya bahasa. Di dalam Al-Qur’an Al-Karim terdapat satu kata yang menunjukan makna yang banyak, hal ini dinamakan dengan musytarak lafẓi (Polisemy), seperti kata “fataha” dan derivasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai perubahan bentuk (morfologis) kata “fataha” dan derivasinya, mengetahui makna yang terkandung di dalam kata “fataha” dan derivasinya, mengetahui nilai-nilai pendidikan yang terkandung di dalam kata “fataha” dan derivasinya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dan metode yang digunakan ialah metode konten analisis. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini ialah data kepustakaan yang diambil dari sumber primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian tentang kata “fataha” dan derivasinya menunjukan beberapa hal, yaitu: 1) Penggunaan kata “fataha” dan derivasinya dalam Al-Qur’an Al-karim dalam berbagai ayat dan surat dengan bentuk fi’il madhi,fi’il mudhari’,fi’il amr, masdar, isim fail, isim maf’ul, isim alat, dan shighat mubalaghah. 2) Makna yang terkandung dalam kata “fataha” dan derivasinya yaitu makna leksikal dan kontekstul. Makna leksikal yaitu lawan kata tertutup (terbuka) adapun derivasinya kembali pada makna asal. Makna kontekstual ketetapan, pertolongan, utusan, kemenangan, ilmu, dan hari akhir. 3) Nilai-nilai pendidikan yang terkandung di dalam kata “fataha” dan derivasinya ialah nilai i’tiqodiyah (keyakinan), nilai khuluqiyah (etika), dan nilai amaliyah (pengalaman).
Kata kunci: lafadz fataha dan derivasinya, semantik, polisemi, nilai-nilai pendidikan.
Multivariate Assessment of California Bearing Ratio with Contrasted Geotechnical Properties of Soils in Ilorin-Lokoja Highway
Authors: Fakeye Attah , Ige Olusegun , Ogunsanwo Olufemi 
Published: April 2021

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is an important parameter used in designing pavement layers in road construction but testing this parameter requires time, labor, and huge cost. The study therefore applies multivariate approach to evaluate CBR based on contrasted geotechnical parameters along Ilorin-Lokoja highway. The results obtained showed that the migmatite-gneiss-derived soils are slightly more fines (< 0.075 mm; 7.4–59.6%), more plastic (PI; 1.6–39%), and have low strength (MDD = 1.8 mg/m3; CBR = 29.0%) than the metasediments (11–57.7%, 2.0–30%, 1.6 mg/m3, 23.6%) and older granite soils (8.2–32.7%, 2.6–13.4%, 1.7 mg/m3, 27.8%), respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed three major components (eigenvalues >1) which accounted for 83.8% of the total variance at the rate of 33.4, 14.7, and 11.4%. Major contributing variables for the components were fines (R = 0.87), plasticity index (R = 0.7), and coarse sand (R = 0.67%). Spatial distribution of these groups established interplay of sediment-gradation and moisture-connection evident in hierarchical cluster analysis that revealed patterns of homogeneity and soil relationships. Regression analysis established five models from predictor variables such as fines, activity, free swell, liquid and plastic limits, weighted plasticity index, optimum moisture content, and maximum dry density with the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.33) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.80.
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Xia Xiujuan , Zhang Linfang , Xu Canxia , Hong Hao , Liu Zhenguo 
Published: April 2021

Endothelial cells play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of vascular structure and function. Endothelial dysfunction is closely associated with the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) like hypertension (HTN) and atherosclerosis. Gut microorganisms significantly contribute to atherosclerosis and related CVDs. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes in human gastric epithelium in a significant portion of general population in the world. Patients with H. pylori infection have significantly increased risk for CVDs including atherosclerosis, HTN, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease especially in younger patients (< 65 years old). H. pylori infection significantly impairs vascular endothelial function through multiple mechanisms including increased reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress, inflammation, decreased nitric oxide formation, modification of the expression of cytokines and microRNAs, abnormalities of lipid and glucose metabolisms, and exosomes-mediated pathways. Endothelial dysfunction associated with H. pylori infection is reversible in both animal model and human subjects. Accumulating data suggests that H. pylori infection is an important risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and CVDs especially in young patients. Screening young male population for H. pylori infection and treating accordingly could be an effective approach for early prevention of CVDs especially premature atherosclerosis associated with H. pylori infection.
Narrativ socialpædagogik giver pædagoger nye handlemuligheder
Authors: Breumlund Anne , Hansen Inger Bruun 
Published: April 2021

Resumé Denne artikel viser, hvordan en narrativ socialpædagogisk metode skaber nye pædagogiske handlemuligheder i relation til unge med autisme på et specialiseret botilbud. Artiklen bygger på resultater fra et toårigt praksisforskningsprojekt: Narrativ tilgang i socialpædagogiks arbejde. Et metodeudviklings- og følgeforskningsprojekt på socialområdet i Region Sjælland. Forskningsresultaterne peger på, at den narrative metode giver nye handlemuligheder i indsatsen i relation til unge med diagnoser og komplekse vanskeligheder. Metoden skaber forandringer hos pædagogerne og udvider mulighederne for forandringer hos de unge med autisme. I artiklen præsenteres kort det teoretiske grundlag og tre centrale narrative begreber i Michael Whites narrative terapi: ’Alternative fortællinger’, ’intention’ og ’eksternalisering’ – som var afsæt for udvikling af narrative redskaber og guidelines for den pædagogiske praksis. Viden blev opnået gennem fortællinger fra praksis i afprøvningsforløbet, hvor pædagogerne mødtes og delte fortællinger i kollektive refleksionsrum. Disse er optaget på lydfiler, tilsendt forskerne som herved har fået et vindue til praksis. En enkelt fortælling, fortalt af en pædagog på et af de deltagende botilbud, eksemplificerer analyse og resultater.
Abstract A narrative pedagogical approach offers new opportunities for actions in practice. This article is based on results from a two-year practice research project: A narrative approach in pedagogical work. A combined method development project and research project within the social service of Region Zealand, Denmark. The results show that the narrative pedagogical method creates new opportunities for pedagogical actions in practice with young residents with a diagnosis and serious difficulties in specialized residential care institutions. Usage of this method creates changes for the residential social workers as well as increase the possibilities for changes for the young residents. ­ The article briefly presents the theoretical foundation and three central concepts from the narrative therapy of Michael White: ‘alternative stories’; ‘intention’; ‘externalization’ – which the development of the narrative tools and guidelines for practice are based on. Knowledge are obtained from stories told during the testing period, in which the residential care workers have met and shared stories from practice. Audio files from these sessions were handed over to the researchers, who thereby were able to study the practice. One of these stories told by a residential care worker from one of the participating institutions is used to exemplify the analysis and results.
Hvad er et læringsmiljø hele dagen i pædagogisk praksis?
Authors: Tegtmejer Thyge 
Published: April 2021

ResuméLæringsmiljøbegrebet står centralt i Den styrkede pædagogiske læreplan, samtidig med at det er et overordentligt bredt begreb. Dette studie undersøger hvordan pædagoger, dagtilbudsledere og kommunale forvaltningsmedarbejdere arbejder med og reflekterer over læringsmiljø hele dagen i pædagogisk praksis. Studiets data er blevet til gennem institutionelt etnografisk feltarbejde i otte dagtilbud inden for fire kommuner. Studiet udfolder pædagogers, lederes og forvaltningsmedarbejderes perspektiver på hvad et læringsmiljø er, samt hvad det indebærer at arbejde med læringsmiljø hele dagen. Gennem udfoldelse af en række eksempler fra dagligdags praksissituationer, suppleret med dialog med pædagoger og øvrige aktører, søger studiet at indkredse og diskutere positive, såvel som potentielt problematiske, aspekter af et læringsmiljø hele dagen i pædagogisk praksis.
What is an all-day learning environment in pedagogical practice? A case study of interpretations and practices in four municipalities – English summaryLearning environment is a central term in The strengthened pedagogical curriculum, however, it is also an extraordinarily broad term. The present study examines the interpretations of day care professionals, leaders and municipal administrators within four municipalities, as they work with an all-day learning environment in pedagogical practice. Data of the study is collected through institutional ethnographic fieldwork in eight day care institutions within four municipalities. The study unfolds perspectives of professionals, leaders and administrators on the meaning of an educational environment, as well as what it means to work with such an environment all day. Through the unfolding of a number of examples of daily professional practice, combined with dialogue with the participating professionals, the study investigates and discusses positive, as well as potentially problematic, aspects of an all-day learning environment in pedagogical practice.
Selection on X1 + X2 + ⋯ + Xm via Cartesian product trees
Authors: Kreitzberg Patrick , Lucke Kyle , Pennington Jake , Serang Oliver 
Published: April 2021

Selection on the Cartesian product is a classic problem in computer science. Recently, an optimal algorithm for selection on A + B, based on soft heaps, was introduced. By combining this approach with layer-ordered heaps (LOHs), an algorithm using a balanced binary tree of A + B selections was proposed to perform selection on X1 + X2 + ⋯ + Xm in o(n⋅m + k⋅m), where Xi have length n. Here, that o(n⋅m + k⋅m) algorithm is combined with a novel, optimal LOH-based algorithm for selection on A + B (without a soft heap). Performance of algorithms for selection on X1 + X2 + ⋯ + Xm are compared empirically, demonstrating the benefit of the algorithm proposed here.
Recent Advances Toward New Small Molecule Therapies for Heart Failure
Authors: St. Jean David , Malinowski Justin , Romero Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood to the body's organs and represents one of the largest global health concerns. Despite the high incidence of mortality and increasing patient population, approvals of new HF therapies have been surprisingly limited with only two approved in the last 15 years. Given the lack of new medications, a significant number of companies and institutions have remained committed to identifying novel small molecules for HF. This article provides an overview of the current HF landscape as well as the recent medicinal chemistry efforts toward future therapies.
JAK
Family Inhibitors for Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Borzilleri Robert M. , Hart Amy C. , Moslin Ryan , Tokarski John S. , Wrobleski Stephen T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The JAK family of non‐receptor tyrosine kinases mediates the signaling of proinflammatory cytokines that contribute to the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune diseases. While cytokine‐directed therapies are available to treat immune‐driven diseases, oral small‐molecule inhibitors of the JAK family (Jakinibs) have been approved as viable alternatives for the treatment of RA, PsA, and IBD. These first‐generation pan‐JAK inhibitors target the highly conserved catalytically active kinase domains in a reversible, ATP‐competitive manner, albeit in a nonselective fashion. Novel approaches to target alternative binding modes through, for example irreversible or allosteric kinase inhibition, have led to the identification of the next generation of agents, which demonstrate improved JAK family selectivity. This improved selectivity offers the potential for greater and perhaps broader efficacy by allowing for higher dosing, while avoiding undesired side effects. This article provides an overview of the JAK‐STAT signaling pathway and outlines the challenges associated with the discovery of selective JAK inhibitors while highlighting a unique allosteric TYK2 inhibitor. For each of the agents discussed, a synopsis of the medicinal chemistry efforts leading to a particular molecule is provided along with a brief summary of available preclinical and clinical efficacy and safety data.
Toxicology and Nonclinical Safety Assessment in Pharmaceutical Discovery and Development
Authors: Reynolds Vincent L. , Abernathy Matthew M. , Baracani Ronee B. , Bhalli Javed A. , Morford LaRonda , Steeves Meredith A. , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Nonclinical safety assessment is an essential component of drug discovery and development. Early in the drug discovery/development continuum, there are no regulatory guidelines and sponsors typically harness a range of
in silico
,
in vitro
, and short‐term
in vivo
toxicology screens and pilot studies to develop comparative toxicity profiles for compounds under consideration. Results from these early evaluations can be used to terminate the development of compounds with undesirable toxicity liabilities as well as to prioritize other compounds for further evaluation. As drug candidate molecules approach entry into clinical trials, regulatory expectations regarding nonclinical safety assessment become more explicit. Scientists in the pharmaceutical industry have worked with their regulatory counterparts to establish an organizational structure – the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) – to develop internationally accepted guidelines that specify requirements for nonclinical safety assessment activities in a phase‐specific manner. The ICH guidelines cover the need for repeat‐dose toxicology studies of increasing duration in rodents and nonrodents, safety pharmacology studies, genetic toxicity tests, immunotoxicity and immunogenicity evaluations, phototoxicity assessments, developmental and reproductive toxicity studies, and carcinogenicity assessments. In planning, conducting, and reporting these studies, the toxicologist must ensure that a fully integrated assessment of potential safety liabilities associated with the test drug is communicated to the development team so that potential safety concerns can be properly addressed.
Antifungal Drugs
Authors: Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInvasive fungal infections are considered an expanding public health threat, worldwide. Annually, over one billion people are estimated to suffer from fungal infections and/or allergies originating from opportunistic and pathogenic fungi. Fungal diseases also kill more than 1.5 million each year.Antifungal therapy is a central component in the management of life‐threatening fungal infections. However, only few classes of FDA‐approved antifungal agents are available for therapy, which have limited efficacy, particularly in the treatment of disseminated and emerging fungal infections. These drugs include polyenes, azoles, echinocandins, and the nucleoside analogs. Depending on the strategy chosen, monotherapy and/or combination antifungal drugs can be used based on the clinical picture and the species identification of the etiologic agent. The use of antifungal drugs in the therapy of fungal diseases can lead to the development of resistance. Of note, some organisms are inherently resistant to these antifungal agents.This chapter focuses on the currently available classes of systemic antifungal drugs in clinical use, innovative strategies in reformulation and delivery of available drugs, development of new agents of known antifungal drug classes, and new drugs of synthetic antifungal drugs under preclinical and clinical investigations. We further discuss the currently available evidence for the emergence of fungal resistance against these agents.