bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and prognostic factors of cytomegalovirus enteritis
Authors: Yeh Pai-Jui , Chiu Cheng-Tang , Lai Ming-Wei , Wu Ren-Chin , Chen Chien-Ming , Kuo Chia-Jung , Hsu Jun-Te , Su Ming-Yao , Lin Wei-Pin , Chen Tsung-Hsing , Le Puo-Hsien 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
To comprehensively analyze the risk factors, clinical characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteritis.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients who had undergone pathological examinations for CMV enteritis. They were divided into CMV and non-CMV groups according to immunohistochemistry staining results. The risk factors, clinical presentations, endoscopic features, treatments, outcomes, and prognostic factors of CMV enteritis were then analyzed.

Results
Forty-two patients (18 CMV, 24 non-CMV group) were included in the study. Major clinical presentations in the CMV group included gastrointestinal bleeding (72.2%), abdominal pain (55.6%), and fever (33.3%); ulcers (72.2%) were the most common endoscopic findings. In-hospital and overall mortality rates were 27.8% and 38.9%, respectively; and longer hospital stays and higher overall mortality rates were observed. Radiotherapy and C-reactive protein levels were prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality. The risk factors for CMV enteritis included immunocompromised status (p = 0.013), steroid use (p = 0.014), shock (p = 0.031), concurrent pneumonia (p = 0.01), antibiotic exposure (p < 0.001), radiotherapy (p = 0.027), chronic kidney disease (p = 0.041), and CMV colitis (p = 0.031).

Conclusions
Physicians should pay attention to the characteristics of CMV enteritis in high-risk patients to make an early diagnosis and potentially improve the clinical outcome.
Use of electronic medical records to describe the prevalence of allergic diseases in Canada
Authors: Singer Alexander G. , Kosowan Leanne , Nankissoor Nerissa , Phung Ryan , Protudjer Jennifer L. P. , Abrams Elissa M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Leveraging the data management resources of the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) is a viable approach for describing the prevalence of allergic disease documented in primary care settings.

Methods
The dataset used for this study was inclusive of data from EMR initiation up to Dec 31st 2018. The sample included 1235 primary care providers representing 1,556,472 patients across Canada.

Results
In total, there were 536,005 patients with a documented allergy that fit into one of the 10 suggested categories. The allergy table includes 718,032 distinct entries representing 564,242 unique patients, which is 36.3% of the patients within the CPCSSN repository. The most common allergies recorded were drug allergy (39.0%), beta-lactam allergy (14.4%), environmental allergy (11.0%), and food allergy (8.0%). Anticipated upcoming studies include physician-documented drug allergy with a focus on beta-lactam allergy, as well as stinging insect allergy, among others. To our knowledge, these will also be the first such prevalence studies of primary care physician-documented allergic disease done in Canada.

Interpretation
The CPCSSN dataset represents electronic medical records from 1.5 million patients across Canada including documentation of allergic diseases. This dataset provides a national representative population to describe and characterize Canadian patients with common allergic conditions. This robust dataset provides the opportunity for health surveillance, and in particular data to explore the impact of allergic disease on primary care practice.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the management of Crohn’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmad Rani , Ajlan Amr M. , Eskander Ayman A. , Alhazmi Turki A. , Khashoggi Khalid , Wazzan Mohammad A. , Abduljabbar Ahmed H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a condition that can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, although usually forms in the colon and terminal ileum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a beneficial modality in the evaluation of small bowel activity. This study reports on a systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance enterography for the prediction of CD activity and evaluation of outcomes and possible complications.

Methods
Following the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 25 low-risk studies on established CD were selected, based on a QUADAS-II score of ≥ 9.

Results
A sensitivity of 90% was revealed in a pooled analysis of the 19 studies, with heterogeneity of χ2 = 81.83 and I2 of 80.3%. Also, a specificity of 89% was calculated, with heterogeneity of χ2 = 65.12 and I2 of 70.0%.

Conclusion
It was concluded that MRI provides an effective alternative to CT enterography in the detection of small bowel activity in CD patients under supervision of radiologist for assessment of disease activity and its complications. Its advantages include the avoidance of radiation exposure and good diagnostic accuracy.
Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the cranial vault with Trousseau syndrome: a case report
Authors: Uchida Tatsuya , Amagasaki Kenichi , Hosono Atsushi , Nakaguchi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
It is extremely rare for primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas to occur singly in the cranial vault. One case diagnosed as primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is reported, initially misdiagnosed as metastatic skull tumor, complicated with Trousseau syndrome.

Case description
The patient was a 60-year-old Japanese woman with no particular previous medical history. In a head computed tomography examination for vertigo, bone destructive skull tumor covering the right frontal, parietal, and temporal bones was incidentally discovered. As positron emission tomography indicated an abnormal accumulation in the large intestine and multiple cerebral infarctions suspicious of Trousseau syndrome were observed on magnetic resonance images, a metastatic skull tumor due to colorectal cancer was first considered. However, various tumor markers were negative, and colonoscopic biopsy indicated no colorectal abnormality. After pathological examination of the resected tumor, it was diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The tumor affected muscles and skin but did not develop in the brain or the dura mater. As further general examination revealed no other abnormalities, we considered that it was primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the cranial vault associated with Trousseau syndrome. Treatment with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone and high-dose methotrexate reduced the residual lesion; coagulation abnormalities, which are frequently associated with Trousseau syndrome, also improved.

Conclusions
Skull tumors can result from a variety of malignancies, and their diagnosis may be complicated with Trousseau syndrome. However, even in cases of a single lesion in the cranial vault without invasion of the central nervous system, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from juvenile macaques reversed ovarian ageing in elderly macaques
Authors: Tian Chuan , He Jie , An Yuanyuan , Yang Zailing , Yan Donghai , Pan Hang , Lv Guanke , Li Ye , Wang Yanying , Yang Yukun , Zhu Gaohong , He Zhixu , Zhu Xiangqing , Pan Xinghua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Female sex hormone secretion and reproductive ability decrease with ageing. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have been postulated to play a key role in treating ovarian ageing.

Methods
We used macaque ovarian ageing models to observe the structural and functional changes after juvenile BMMSC treatment. Moreover, RNA-seq was used to analyse the ovarian transcriptional expression profile and key pathways through which BMMSCs reverse ovarian ageing.

Results
In the elderly macaque models, the ovaries were atrophied, the regulation ability of sex hormones was reduced, the ovarian structure was destroyed, and only local atretic follicles were observed, in contrast with young rhesus monkeys. Intravenous infusion of BMMSCs in elderly macaques increased ovarian volume, strengthened the regulation ability of sex hormones, reduced the degree of pulmonary fibrosis, inhibited apoptosis, increased density of blood vessels, and promoted follicular regeneration. In addition, the ovarian expression characteristics of ageing-related genes of the elderly treatment group reverted to that of the young control group, 1258 genes that were differentially expressed, among which 415 genes upregulated with age were downregulated, 843 genes downregulated with age were upregulated after BMMSC treatment, and the top 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were significantly enriched in oocyte meiosis and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation pathways.

Conclusion
The BMMSCs derived from juvenile macaques can reverse ovarian ageing in elderly macaques.
Exosomes from primed MSCs can educate monocytes as a cellular therapy for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome
Authors: Forsberg Matthew H. , Kink John A. , Thickens Anna S. , Lewis Bryson M. , Childs Charlie J. , Hematti Peiman , Capitini Christian M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is caused by acute exposure to ionizing radiation that damages multiple organ systems but especially the bone marrow (BM). We have previously shown that human macrophages educated with exosomes from human BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prolonged survival in a xenogeneic lethal ARS model. The purpose of this study was to determine if exosomes from LPS-primed MSCs could directly educate human monocytes (LPS-EEMos) for the treatment of ARS.

Methods
Human monocytes were educated by exosomes from LPS-primed MSCs and compared to monocytes educated by unprimed MSCs (EEMos) and uneducated monocytes to assess survival and clinical improvement in a xenogeneic mouse model of ARS. Changes in surface molecule expression of exosomes and monocytes after education were determined by flow cytometry, while gene expression was determined by qPCR. Irradiated human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were co-cultured with LPS-EEMos, EEMos, or uneducated monocytes to assess effects on HSC survival and proliferation.

Results
LPS priming of MSCs led to the production of exosomes with increased expression of CD9, CD29, CD44, CD146, and MCSP. LPS-EEMos showed increases in gene expression of IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IDO, and FGF-2 as compared to EEMos generated from unprimed MSCs. Generation of LPS-EEMos induced a lower percentage of CD14+ monocyte subsets that were CD16+, CD73+, CD86+, or CD206+ but a higher percentage of PD-L1+ cells. LPS-EEMos infused 4 h after lethal irradiation significantly prolonged survival, reducing clinical scores and weight loss as compared to controls. Complete blood counts from LPS-EEMo-treated mice showed enhanced hematopoietic recovery post-nadir. IL-6 receptor blockade completely abrogated the radioprotective survival benefit of LPS-EEMos in vivo in female NSG mice, but only loss of hematopoietic recovery was noted in male NSG mice. PD-1 blockade had no effect on survival. Furthermore, LPS-EEMos also showed benefits in vivo when administered 24 h, but not 48 h, after lethal irradiation. Co-culture of unprimed EEMos or LPS-EEMos with irradiated human CD34+ HSCs led to increased CD34+ proliferation and survival, suggesting hematopoietic recovery may be seen clinically.

Conclusion
LPS-EEMos are a potential counter-measure for hematopoietic ARS, with a reduced biomanufacturing time that facilitates hematopoiesis.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Authors: Li Deng-Yuan , Li Ru-Fang , Sun Dan-Xiong , Pu Dan-Dan , Zhang Yun-Hui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a devastating disease characterized by remodeling of lung architecture and abnormal deposition of fibroblasts in parenchymal tissue and ultimately results in respiratory failure and death. Preclinical studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration may be a safe and promising option in treating PF. The objective of our meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of MSC therapy in preclinical models of PF.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to March 17, 2021. Studies that assessed the efficacy of MSC therapy to animals with PF were included. The SYRCLE bias risk tool was employed to evaluate the bias of included studies. The primary outcomes included survival rate and pulmonary fibrosis scores. Meta-analysis was conducted via Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (version 5.4) and Stata 14.0 statistical software.

Results
A total of 1120 articles were reviewed, of which 24 articles met inclusion criteria. Of these, 12 studies evaluated the survival rate and 20 studies evaluated pulmonary fibrosis scores. Compared to the control group, MSC therapy was associated with an improvement in survival rate (odds ratios (OR) 3.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.06 to 4.67, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%) and a significant reduction in pulmonary fibrosis scores (weighted mean difference (WMD) 2.05, 95% CI −2.58 to −1.51, P < 0.001, I2 = 90%).

Conclusions
MSC therapy is a safe and effective method that can significantly improve the survival and pulmonary fibrosis of PF animals. These results provide an important basis for future translational clinical studies.
Stem cell therapy for Crohn’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies
Authors: Wang Ruo , Yao Qigu , Chen Wenyi , Gao Feiqiong , Li Pan , Wu Jian , Yu Jiong , Cao Hongcui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
We explored whether stem cell therapy was effective for animal models and patients with Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods
We searched five online databases. The relative outcomes were analyzed with the aid of GetData Graph Digitizer 2.26 and Stata 16.0 software. The SYRCLE risk of bias tool and the MINORS tool were used to assess study quality.

Results
We evaluated 46 studies including 28 animal works (n = 567) and 18 human trials (n = 360). In the animal studies, the disease activity index dramatically decreased in the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment groups compared to the control group. Rats and mice receiving MSCs exhibited longer colons [mice: standardized mean difference (SMD) 2.84, P = 0.000; rats: SMD 1.44, P = 0.029], lower histopathological scores (mice: SMD − 4.58, p = 0.000; rats: SMD − 1.41, P = 0.000) and lower myeloperoxidase levels (SMD − 6.22, P = 0.000). In clinical trials, stem cell transplantation reduced the CD activity index (SMD − 2.10, P = 0.000), the CD endoscopic index of severity (SMD − 3.40, P = 0.000) and simplified endoscopy score for CD (SMD − 1.71, P = 0.000) and improved the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire score (SMD 1.33, P = 0.305) compared to control values. CD patients maintained high remission rates for 3–24 months after transplantation.

Conclusions
Stem cell transplantation is a valuable supplementary therapy for CD.
The ability of comorbidity indices to predict mortality in an orthopedic setting: a systematic review
Authors: Gundtoft Per Hviid , Jørstad Mari , Erichsen Julie Ladeby , Schmal Hagen , Viberg Bjarke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Several comorbidity indices have been created to estimate and adjust for the burden of comorbidity. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare the ability of different comorbidity indices to predict mortality in an orthopedic setting.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. The search were constructed around two primary focal points: a comorbidity index and orthopedics. The last search were performed on 13 June 2019. Eligibility criteria were participants with orthopedic conditions or who underwent an orthopedic procedure, a comparison between comorbidity indices that used administrative data, and reported mortality as outcome. Two independent reviewers screened the studies using Covidence. The area under the curve (AUC) was chosen as the primary effect estimate.

Results
Of the 5338 studies identified, 16 met the eligibility criteria. The predictive ability of the different comorbidity indices ranged from poor (AUC < 0.70) to excellent (AUC ≥ 0.90). The majority of the included studies compared the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). In-hospital mortality was reported in eight studies reporting AUC values ranging from 0.70 to 0.92 for ECI and 0.68 to 0.89 for CCI. AUC values were generally lower for all other time points ranging from 0.67 to 0.78. For 1-year mortality the overall effect size ranging from 0.67 to 0.77 for ECI and 0.69 to 0.77 for CCI.

Conclusion
The results of this review indicate that the ECI and CCI can equally be used to adjust for comorbidities when analyzing mortality in an orthopedic setting.

Trial registration
The protocol for this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on 13 June 2019 and can be accessed through record ID 133,871.
Extended elliptic-type integrals with associated properties and Turán-type inequalities
Authors: Parmar Rakesh K. , Agarwal Ritu , Kumar Naveen , Purohit S. D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOur aim is to study and investigate the family of$(p, q)$(p,q)-extended (incomplete and complete) elliptic-type integrals for which the usual properties and representations of various known results of the (classical) elliptic integrals are extended in a simple manner. This family of elliptic-type integrals involves a number of special cases and has a connection with$(p, q)$(p,q)-extended Gauss’ hypergeometric function and$(p, q)$(p,q)-extended Appell’s double hypergeometric function$F_{1}$F1. Turán-type inequalities including log-convexity properties are proved for these$(p, q)$(p,q)-extended complete elliptic-type integrals. Further, we establish various Mellin transform formulas and obtain certain infinite series representations containing Laguerre polynomials. We also obtain some relationship between these$(p, q)$(p,q)-extended elliptic-type integrals and MeijerG-function of two variables. Moreover, we obtain several connections with$(p, q)$(p,q)-extended beta function as special values and deduce numerous differential and integral formulas. In conclusion, we introduce$(p, q)$(p,q)-extension of the Epstein–Hubbell (E-H) elliptic-type integral.
Solutions of fractional order differential equations modeling temperature distribution in convective straight fins design
Authors: Ahmad Ashfaq , Sulaiman Muhammad , Kumam Poom 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of temperature distribution for convective straight fins with constant and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity is solved by using artificial neural networks trained by the biogeography-based heterogeneous cuckoo search (BHCS) algorithm. We have solved the integer and noninteger order energy balance equation in order to analyse the temperature distribution in convective straight fins. We have compared our results with homotopy perturbation method (HPM), variational iteration method (VIM), and homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method (HPSTM). The results show that the ANN–BHCS algorithm gives better results than other analytical techniques. We have further checked the efficiency of the ANN–BHCS algorithm by using the performance metrics MAD, TIC, and ENSE. We have calculated the values of MAD, TIC, and ENSE for case 1 of the problem, and histograms of these metrics show the efficiency of our algorithm.
Aquatic habitat use in a semi-aquatic mammal: the Eurasian beaver
Authors: Mortensen Rasmus Mohr , Reinhardt Stefanie , Hjønnevåg Marina Eraker , Wilson Rory Paul , Rosell Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSemi-aquatic mammals exploit resources both on land and in water and may require both to meet their habitat requirements including food- and building resources, refuges, and for social interactions with conspecifics. Within this, the specific availability of both terrestrial and aquatic resources is expected to impact individual fitness. Beavers are highly dependent on water for movement and protection from predators. They are central place foragers and mostly forage on woody vegetation near water although aquatic vegetation may also be an important food resource. However, little is known about their use of aquatic habitats. We aimed to address this knowledge gap by dead-reckoning fine-scale movement tracks and classifying fine-scale diving events, which we then related to the spatial distribution of aquatic vegetation and habitat components within the territory.ResultsOverall, there was a statistically clear decrease in probability that diving would occur at dawn and with increasing distance from territory borders. In addition, the distance from the lodge at which animals dived decreased through the night and during the spring/early summer. There was strong selection for diving habitats located closer to the riverbank, with stronger selection for these areas being observed in individuals with larger home ranges. We saw a higher selection for diving above clay sediment, and within 150 m from the lodge, presumably because mud and clay sediment tended to be located closer to the lodge than sand and rock sediment. Furthermore, we found a clear selection for diving in the presence of quillwort (Isoetesspp.), shoreweed (Littorella uniflora), and stonewort (Nitellaspp.). Selection for these focal species was stronger among subordinate individuals. Individuals with lower body condition dived closer to the beaver lodge, and dives located further from the lodge were associated with high densities of aquatic vegetation.ConclusionWe provide new knowledge on the aquatic habitat use in a semi-aquatic mammal and show how energetic constraints may shape how beavers spatially use the aquatic environment, whereby short and shallow dives appear most beneficial. We show how aquatic habitats may have great importance for both foraging, building materials and safety, and discuss to how they may affect the fitness of individuals.