bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comisión por omisión y la actitud del garante
Authors: Franco Gómez Jimena Mariel 
Published: September 2021

Los delitos de comisión por omisión se han determinado partiendo de lo que es la acción,habiéndose considerado siempre la voluntad de la persona que la realiza, quien ha encaminado su comportamiento hacia un fin, es decir es una voluntad final la que realizacuando realiza la acción.
Se ha analizado la importancia de los delitos de omisión realizando una evaluación entreel punto de partida de la acción y si en realidad se omitió una acción voluntariamentehabiendo analizado elementos físicos y psicológicos o simplemente no fue una actitud deomisión sino que debe evaluarse desde la perspectiva de la actitud del garante quien noevitó el resultado que se provocó con la acción , en ambos casos el resultado se imputaal omitente, y basados en esta diferenciación se conoce lo que es la omisión pura endonde se sanciona la acción de la omisión de una determinada actividad no importandoel resultado que se produzca sino tomando más en consideración la actitud del garante.
Nghiên cứu đặc điểm hs-CRP, procalcitonin, interleukin-6 trong viêm phổi nặng do vi rút ở trẻ em dưới 5 tuổi
Authors: Trân Nguyễn Thị Ngọc 
Published: September 2021

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Đánh giá mối liên quan giữa hs-CRP, Procalcitonin, Interleukin-6 và căn nguyên vi rút trong viêm phổi nặng do vi rút trẻ em dưới 5 tuổi. Đối tượng: 202 bệnh nhi từ 1 tháng đến dưới 5 tuổi được chẩn đoán xác định viêm phổi nặng do vi rút theo tiêu chuẩn của WHO-2013 điều trị tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương từ 2/2015 đến 2/2017. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang. Kết quả: Mô tả 202 bệnh nhân mắc viêm phổi nặng do vi rút cho thấy 149 bệnh nhân mắc đơn nhiễm vi rút và 53 bệnh nhân đồng nhiễm vi rút, vi khuẩn. Chỉ số hs-CRP 4,2 (0,1-273), PCT 0,5 (0,01-44,0) và IL-6 là 5,7 (0-500). Phân biệt giữa viêm phổi do vi rút đơn thuần và đồng nhiễm của hs-CRP tại giá trị cut-off 5,06 mg/ml có Se 60,38% và Sp 60,40%; của PCT tại giá trị cut-off 2,1 ng/ml có Se 45,28% và Sp 82,55%. AUC của hs-CRP là 0,6114 với 95% CI là 0,52 – 0,70; của PCT là 0,6582 với 95% CI là 0,57 – 0,75. Hs-CRP có tương quan thuận với PCT, IL-6 ; PCT có mối tương quan thuận với IL-6. Kết luận: Hs-CRP, PCT có khả năng phân biệt viêm phổi do vi rút đơn thuần và đồng nhiễm với Se và Sp khác nhau. Hs-CRP, PCT và IL-6 có mối tương quan.
Tình hình đề kháng kháng sinh của phế cầu và kết quả điều trị viêm phổi do phế cầu ở trẻ em tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương
Authors: Quyệt Nguyễn Đăng , Tuấn Đào Minh , Phúc Bùi Quang , Nga Trương Thị Việt 
Published: September 2021

Đặt vấn đề/ Mục tiêu: Phế cầu là nguyên nhân gây viêm phổi hay gặp nhất ở trẻ em. Phế cầu kháng kháng sinh ngày càng tăng. Chúng tôi nghiên cứu đề tài này nhằm xác định tình hình đề kháng kháng sinh của phế cầu và kết quả điều trị viêm phổi do phế cầu ở trẻ em tại bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu 169 bênh nhi viêm phổi do phế cầu tuổi từ 1 tháng đến 15 tuổi điều trị tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương từ tháng 9 năm 2015 đến tháng 12 năm 2018.
Kết quả: Phế cầu có tỷ lệ kháng rất cao, trên 95% với các kháng sinh của nhóm macrolid, 90% với cotrimoxazol, 95,3% với clindamycin, 73,5% với penixillin V. Phế cầu giảm nhạy cảm với penicillin, 56,1% không nhạy cảm với penicillin G. Phế cầu có 58,4% nhạy cảm với cefotaxim và 62% nhạy cảm với ceftriaxon. Tuy nhiên phế cầu còn nhạy cảm 95% với amoxicillin, 100% với rifampycin, linezolid, vancomycin và ofloxacin. Phế cầu đã kháng với levofloxacin. Phế cầu đa kháng chiếm 64%. Bệnh nhi khỏi bệnh hoàn toàn chiếm 83,4%, đỡ bệnh chiếm 14,2% và di chứng dày màng phổi chiếm 2,4%, không có bệnh nhi tử vong. Thời gian điều trị trung bình là 10,23 ± 5,81 ngày.
Kết luận: Phế cầu hiện đang kháng cao với các kháng điều trị viêm phổi đầu tay, đây là lý do gây điều trị viêm phổi do phế cầu kéo dài. Phế cầu còn nhạy cảm cao với kháng sinh amoxicillin. Kết quả điều trị tốt, không có bệnh nhi tử vong.
Plagiarism detection and prevention: a primer for researchers
Authors: Zimba Olena , Gasparyan Armen 
Published: September 2021

Plagiarism is an ethical misconduct affecting the quality, readability, and trustworthiness of scholarly publications. Improving researcher awareness of plagiarism of words, ideas, and graphics is essential for avoiding unacceptable writing practices. Global editorial associations have publicized their statements on strategies to clean literature from redundant, stolen, and misleading information. Consulting related documents is advisable for upgrading author instructions and warning plagiarists of academic and other consequences of the unethical conduct. A lack of creative thinking and poor academic English skills are believed to compound most instances of redundant and “copy-and-paste” writing. Plagiarism detection software largely relies on reporting text similarities. However, manual checks are required to reveal inappropriate referencing, copyright violations, and substandard English writing. <br />
Medical researchers and authors may improve their writing skills and avoid the same errors by consulting the list of retractions due to plagiarism which are tracked on the PubMed platform and discussed on the Retraction Watch blog.
Safety and efficacy of tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and metaanalysis of clinical trial studies
Authors: Saki Amal , Rajaei Elham , Rahim Fakher 
Published: September 2021

The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We systematically searched all potential articles in the main databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Sciences (ISI), and Cochrane Center. The search was subsequently updated in December 2020. The initial review and extraction of information were performed independently by two authors to collect the first author and publication year; sample size; mean age of the intervention and control groups; the dose of TCZ, and the follow-up duration. Outcomes of interest include the ACR20, ACR50, ACR70, total complication rate, and the occurrence of remission. Any disagreements between the reviewers were resolved by discussion and re-check of the article and consultation with a third reviewer. After reviewing and culling, 15 clinical trials comparing the clinical efficacy of TCZ and its comparators in the treatment of patients with RA entered the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Tocilizumab 8 mg was statistically better than 4 mg or placebo for ACR responses. Significant clinical adverse events in patients with RA treated with TCZ, such as abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) and infections, were more frequent than in compara­tor groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the combination therapy of TCZ with other drugs such as methotrexate and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs has been studied for various clinical effects concerning safety and clinically significant adverse events. Although the data are promising, long-term performance and safety data need to be fully identified, as well as the risks and benefits of TCZ, especially appropriate timing, dosage, and regimen.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and critical illness polyneuropathy
Authors: Katkowska Maria , Łosoś Marta , Tarnacka Beata 
Published: September 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease of connective tissue with multi-organ invol­vement. Manifestation in the nervous system is one of the most difficult symptoms to assess and interpret. The aim of the study is to indicate diagnostic problems in patients with SLE in whom neurological symptoms are present at the time of diagnosis of SLE but also with complications that occurred after diagnosis. <br />
In the presented case, the appearance of flaccid tetraparesis with areflexia suggested peripheral damage to the nervous system. In the electromyography performed in this patient, acute axonal polyneuropathy was mainly suspected. Further differential diagnosis should consider other acute and subacute developing polyneuropathies. Guillain-Barré polyneuropathy deserves special attention. <br />
To our knowledge, this is the first case documented in the literature of the coexistence of critical illness polyneuropathy and SLE.
Uso de la sedación y anestesia en los pacientes pediátricos sometidos a radioterapia.
Authors: Alvarado-Valverde Ana María , Ramírez-Montero Anna , Esquivel-González Jéssica , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Carlos 
Published: September 2021

Justificación: la radioterapia es esencial para el tratamiento del cáncer pediátrico. Almenos la mitad de los niños que requieren radioterapia van a necesitar sedación o anestesia.Es importante conocer las complicaciones potenciales asociadas con el uso repetitivo demedicamentos sedantes o anestésicos. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las característicasclínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer del Hospital Nacionalde Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera”, de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, que recibieronsedación o anestesia durante su tratamiento con radioterapia externa en el período de enerodel 2016 a junio del 2019.
Métodos: es un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de una serie de casos. Se incluyeron pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de cáncer, sometidos a tratamiento con radioterapia y que requirieron sedación o anestesia durante esa intervención. Las técnicasestadísticas utilizadas para las variables cualitativas fueron tablas de frecuencias simples y de asociación o contingencia; las variables cuantitativas se describen mediante estadígrafos detendencia central y posición, así como de variabilidad.
Resultados: un total de 61 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer y que recibieron radioterapiafueron estudiados. El 57,4% de los pacientes fueron hombres. El 75% de los pacientes tenía 4,0 años o menos. La localización anatómica más frecuente del tumor fue en sistema nervioso central. Una minoría (14,5%) recibió como tratamiento único la radioterapia. El 75% de lospacientes recibió 30 o menos sesiones de tratamiento bajo sedación o anestesia. El propofol se suministró al 100,0% de los pacientes en todas las sesiones de tratamiento. El tiempo promediode sedación o anestesia fue de 67,9 ± 28,2 minutos. El 34,4% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones respiratorias, cardiovasculares o ambas, en al menos una sesión de tratamiento.
Conclusiones: en los pacientes pediátricos con cáncer quienes reciben tratamiento con radioterapia, fue requerido el uso de la sedación y anestesia principalmente en niños de corta edad; en general, las complicaciones de la radioterapia fueron transitorias y usualmente bien toleradas, sin presentar morbimortalidad. Como monoterapia, el propofol no mostró complicaciones asociadas; sin embargo, al adicionar otros fármacos sí se observaroncomplicaciones respiratorias y predominó la desaturación transitoria de oxígeno.
Conocimientos sobre tabaco y sus riesgos a la salud en Costa Rica: un análisis estructural
Authors: Espinoza-Aguirre Azálea , Fantin Romain , Barboza-Solís Cristina , Salinas-Miranda Abraham 
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: identificar factores asociados al conocimiento sobre el tabaco y los riesgos de suconsumo basados en la “Encuesta global de tabaquismo en adultos” realizada en Costa Ricadurante el 2015.
Métodos: estudio epidemiológico, observacional de tipo transversal con representación nacional (n = 8 607). Con la base de datos de la “Encuesta global de tabaquismo en adultos”, se diseñó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y se construyó la variable latente: conocimientos.Como determinantes del conocimiento se usaron las variables: sociodemográficas, económicas,fumado, cesación, exposición a la publicidad y a la información sobre los peligros de fumar incluidas en la encuesta.
Resultados: el conocimiento sobre el tabaco y los riesgos del consumo aumentó con la edad,fue superior en hombres y en zonas urbanas. Los fumadores tuvieron menos conocimientossobre el fumado pasivo y más sobre enfermedades.
Conclusiones: la Encuesta global de tabaquismo en adultos permitió medir el nivelde conocimiento sobre los riesgos asociados al tabaco y estudiar sus determinantessocioeconómicos.
Actividad combinada de itraconazol y terbinafina sobre aislamientos clínicos de Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
Authors: Acosta-Zamora Armando , Jaikel-Víquez Daniela 
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: analizar la susceptibilidad de N. dimidiatum ante el efecto combinado de itraconazol y terbinafina.
Métodos: se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria y la concentración inhibitoria fraccionada in vitro, mediante el método del tablero de ajedrez, a 15 aislamientos clínicos provenientes de onicomicosis de diferentes pacientes, todos positivos por N. dimidiatum. Se prepararon ensayos por duplicado con diluciones combinadas de los antifúngicos y se evaluó el efecto de ambos fármacos.
Resultados: la concentración mínima inhibitoria promedio de solo itraconazol aplicado a los aislamientos fue de 30,83 μg/mL y de 4,49 μg/mL combinado con terbinafina. La concentración mínima inhibitoria promedio de solo terbinafina fue de 0,33 μg/mL y de 0,07 μg/mL combinada con itraconazol. Hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias promedio de los antifúngicos analizados en solitario respecto de las concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias combinadas; para itraconazol (t = 2,958; gl = 14; p = 0,01) y (t = 4,721; gl = 14; p < 0,001) para terbinafina. El uso combinado evidenció 40 % de sinergismo.
Conclusiones: la combinación itraconazol-terbinafina presentó un efecto sinérgico total para inhibir el crecimiento de N. dimidiatum; esto ofrece una alternativa terapéutica en el tratamiento de las onicomicosis.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN POE (PREDICT OBSERVE EXPLAIN) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: KHUSNA ASMAUL 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPA2 MAN 4 Madiun dalam pelajaran Fisika melalui model pembelajaran Predict Observe Explain. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri atas 2 (dua) siklus. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga teknik yaitu teknik tes, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah data dari lembar observasi terhadap aktivitas yang dilakukan siswa dan kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar, dan hasil tes tulis yang telah dilakukan oleh siswa. Data observasi dianalisa secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif dan disajikan secara deskriptif naratif. Indikator keberhasilan dari penelitian ini adalah 75% siswa tuntas KKM. Pada prasiklus terdapat 65%, siklus pertama 74%; siklus kedua 82% siswa tuntas KKM. Hasil peningkatan dapat terlihat dari nilai rata-rata siswa, pada prasiklus 70,3; siklus pertama 72,9; siklus kedua 77,9. Hasil tersebut dikatakan berhasil karena sudah melebihi indikator keberhasilan.
INDEPENDENT OVERSIGHT, DATA GOVERNANCE AND THE TEMPORAL CONSTRUCTION OF
FORENSIC EVIDENCE: THE MAKING OF THE FIRST STATEWIDE RAPE KIT TRACKING PLATFORM
Authors: Shelby Renee 
Published: September 2021

Police management of sexual assault kits (SAKs) has led to systemic
disorganization resulting in lost and forgotten forensic evidence. In response, advocates
champion 'sexual assault kit tracking platforms' as a pillar of survivor-centered and
trauma-informed approaches to rape kit reform at the state level and to create independent
oversight over forensic processes. In 2017, Idaho became the first state to implement a
statewide tracking platform. The Idaho Sexual Assault Kit Tracking System (IKTS) allows the
public to track kits from distribution to collection, and testing at law enforcement
facilities. The emergence of tracking platforms raises questions about what governance
paradigms, data relations, and discourses these systems enable. I find concerns about
"timeliness" and the temporal life of forensic evidence structured the creation, deployment,
and maintenance of IKTS. I argue timeliness is a data governance paradigm with multiple and
shifting meanings of temporality that comprise various legal, social, and data
relationships. I show how the discourse of tardy, slow, and untimely forensic evidence is a
mechanism to codify consistent statewide forensic practice and centralize legal
decision-making. The legislature's treatment of SAK disorganization as a problem of
unmanaged "temporality" assumes a view of evidence processing as merely and neutrally
unmechanized. On one hand, this treatment obscures how racialized rape myths shape police
decision-making; on the other, IKTS protocols offer some intervention. I argue this should
not be read as signs of a racial justice technofix, but as indications of the limits and
possibilities of a "technolegal" response to violence.
Speaking of Rivers: Spirituals, Poetry, and Relationality
Authors: Granger Charissa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rivers and other bodies of water evoke freedom. In Black music the theme of the river continuously returns: from Nile by Beyoncé and Kendrick, which connects the river to liberation, to Sam Cooke's proclamation “I was born by the river.” Gospel tunes such as “Jordan River” and “Down by the Riverside,” together with Negro spirituals such as “Deep River,” “Roll Jordan Roll,” “Wade in the Water,” and “Swing Low Sweet Chariot” all make clear that the journey of freedom is through the river. “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” by Langston Hughes riffs on Negro spirituals in terms of subject matter and mood, enabling a sensuous way of knowing freedom and liberation. Repetition and variations on key phrases are used to transform the mood throughout the poem, bringing the past, present, and future into conversation. Drawing on the spirituals, Hughes constructs mood, scene, and feeling that recognize the historical importance of the river while transcending the catastrophe of that history of enslavement, redefining the river and rendering a foretelling of liberation. Arguing for the relational and futuristic character of this poem, this article analyses how music allows Hughes to transgress and reexist beyond coloniality and to express a continuous reach for liberation.
Hak pasangan bukan Islam dalam harta perkahwinan terdahulu menurut perspektif syarak
Authors: Mohd Sukri Rina Fakhizan , Kusrin Zuliza Mohd , Muda Mohd Zamro , Ahmad Mohd Yazid 
Published: September 2021

Berlainan agama adalah salah satu halangan untuk mewarisi harta sesama suami isteri, ayah ibu dengan anak-anak dan juga saudara mara. Dalam isu melibatkan pasangan daripada perkahwinan sivil, apabila salah seorang daripadanya memeluk agama Islam, isu perwarisan serta pembahagian harta sesama mereka seringkali dibangkitkan. Justeru, artikel ini menganalisis isu perwarisan dan pembahagian harta dalam perkahwinan terdahulu antara pasangan berlainan agama, menurut perspektif syarak. Objektif perbincangan mencakupi konsep perwarisan serta pembahagian harta antara suami isteri Muslim dan non-Muslim dalam Islam. Perbincangan juga menganalisis jenis-jenis harta dalam perkahwinan tersebut. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang merujuk kepada data-data premier dan sekunder. Data-data terkumpul seterusnya dianalisis secara deskriptif dan dipersembahkan mengikut tema-tema yang bersesuaian. Hasil kajian mendapati dalam konteks bekas suami isteri yang berlainan agama, terdapat harta yang boleh dituntut oleh pihak yang bukan Islam dan juga tidak boleh dituntut oleh mereka yang bukan Islam.
GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AS A CORPORATE STARTEGY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Happy Sista Devy  , Husni Awali  , Rita Hadiyati  , Aurell Achza Rayne Effendi  
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the research is to see the implementation of Good Corporate Governance as a corporate strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The type of research conducted is field research with qualitative methods. Data collection techniques used interviews and observations, with data reduction analysis and data triangulation. The results showed that PNM Mekaar sharia Brebes district and BMT Bina Ummat Sejahtera Bumiayu Brebes district applies the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) well in the form of the principles of Transparency, Accountability, Responsibility, Independence, and Fairness. Where the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as a company strategy during the Covid-19 pandemic has a positive impact on the company by increasing customers and members who need financing
Retos del acceso a los medios de comunicación en el proyecto de ley de participación ciudadana correspondiente a la implementación de los acuerdos de La Habana
Authors: Parada Bernal Miguel Ángel 
Published: September 2021

El artículo se refiere al acceso a los medios de comunicación como uno de los subtemas del Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera (2016), firmado entre el Gobierno Nacional de Colombia y la guerrilla de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (farc-ep), que hace parte del segundo punto del acuerdo, titulado “Participación política: apertura democrática para construir la paz”. Al respecto, se identifican algunos de los principales retos y perspectivas de la implementación del acuerdo en relación con este subtema, específicamente, sobre aspectos como la participación de organizaciones y movimientos sociales en la formulación del proyecto de ley estatutaria de participación ciudadana y la garantía de su acceso a los medios de comunicación masiva.
Abstract:
The article refers to Access to the media, as one of the sub-themes of the Final Agreement for the completion of the conflict and the construction of a stable and lasting peace (2016), signed between the national government of Colombia and the guerrillas of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (farc-ep), which is part of the second point of the agreement, entitled “Political participation: Democratic opening to build peace”. In this regard, some of the main challenges and perspectives of the implementation of the agreement are identified in relation to this sub-theme, specifically on aspects such as the participation of organizations and social movements in the formulation of the project of statutory law of citizen participation, and the guarantee of their access to the mass media.
Keywords: peace agreement, post-conflict, mass media, community communication, communicationfor peace.
La paz como un esfuerzo social permanente desde la ciudadanía
Authors: Márquez Torres Daniela , Lamprea Amórtegui María Paula , Molano Peña Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

La construcción de paz requiere de un compromiso y esfuerzo social constantes desde el ejercicio de la ciudadanía para superar las violencias estructurales y la cultura punitiva que las sostiene. En esta reflexión, discutimos sobre las cuestiones centrales que reproducen y normalizan la violencia en las relaciones cotidianas y hacemos una propuesta pedagógica a partir de las prácticas restaurativas, la ética del cuidado y la construcción de memoria, con el objetivo de que promuevan cambios en las formas en que nos relacionamos y asumimos nuestra corresponsabilidad desde el ejercicio de la ciudadanía.
Abstract:
Abstract: Peacebuilding requires a constant social commitment and effort from citizens to overcome structural violence and the punitive culture that preserve them. In this reflection, we discuss about the central issues that reproduce and normalize the violence on our daily relationships and we propose a pedagogical approach based on restorative practices, ethics of care and memory construction that promote structural changes in the way we interact and assume our co-responsibility, from the exercise of citizenship.
Keywords: peacebuilding, citizenship, ethics of care, restorative practices, memory.