bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exhaled Breath Temperature Predicts Maximal Exercise Performance In A Population Of Males With COPD
Authors: Eaton Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with COPD present with debilitating symptoms that negatively impact both physical and mental quality of life.Objective: Examine the physiological variables of Spirometry, Gas Diffusion and Exhaled Breath Temperature (EBT) in an attempt to predict maximal exercise performance in a group of male subjects with COPD.Methods: 62 male subjects with a clinical diagnosis of COPD (GOLD Stages 1-2), aged between 40-70 years were included. A Stepwise multiple regression model was constructed to assess variable suitability. The regression model was compared to the actual Peak VO2 data using a two-tailed Student T test.Results: The stepwise model revealed that peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) was predicted best by the following variables: Exhaled Breath Temperature (°C), Height (m), Age (Years) and Diffusing Capacity (mmol.min.kpa). Adjusted R-Squared = 0.5 RSE = 4.28.Conclusions: That exercise tolerance was predicted reasonably well from measurements of exhaled breath temperature, lung function and gas diffusion in this group of patients with COPD. This study adds to the growing literature displaying the utility of Exhaled Breath Temperature as a biomarker.
Probabilistic Liquefaction Potential of Kathmandu Soil Based On Standard Penetration Tests
Authors: Subedi Mandip , Acharya Indra Prasad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Despite being a liquefaction susceptible zone, Kathmandu Valley soil in Nepal has limited studies on liquefaction potential and most of them are based on the deterministic approach. Although this method is widely used, it ignores the uncertainties of seismic parameters such as peak ground acceleration, amax, and earthquake magnitude, Mw as well as the inherent variabilities of soil layers, in-situ testing procedures, and geotechnical properties. On the other hand, the probabilistic approach helps assess the liquefaction potential by considering all these uncertainties. In this study, we assess the liquefaction hazard in the Kathmandu Valley using the first-order second-moment (FOSM) method as a probabilistic approach for liquefaction hazard assessment. The assessment is done for three likely-to-recur scenario earthquakes utilizing the geotechnical data of 1510 boreholes. The soils are characterized geotechnically to further assess susceptibility criteria of liquefaction in the valley. The assessment reveals that the central part of the valley is more vulnerable to liquefaction than other parts and the liquefaction probability increases with increasing depth up to 9 m, after which has geared down the value. Moreover, a relationship between the probability of liquefaction (PL) and the factor of safety (FS) against liquefaction is established. The hazard maps prepared for different earthquake scenarios can be useful for future infrastructure planning in Kathmandu Valley.
A Comparative Study on Insect Longevity: Tropical Moths Do Not Differ From Their Temperate Relatives
Authors: Holm Sille , Kaasik Ants , Javoiš Juhan , Molleman Freerk , Tammaru Toomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
If the evolutionary determinants of longevity were mainly extrinsic, related species from different habitats should systematically differ in individual lifespans. Comparative studies of insects can significantly contribute to understanding the evolution of lifespan, as the trait can feasibly be measured in a high number of species. We recorded adult longevities for 110 species of geometrid moths from a tropical community. Comparative analyses based on an original phylogenetic reconstruction were applied to reveal the correlates of species-specific values of lifespan. Larger moth species were found to live longer, and females tended to have shorter lifespans than males. Average adult lifespans in tropical geometrids, and the relationships of lifespan with other variables, were found to be highly similar to those reported for their temperate region relatives. The among-region similarity leads to the conclusion of the dominance of intrinsic (physiological) determinants of longevity over the extrinsic (ecological) ones: the contrasting environments of tropical and temperate forests have not produced detectable differences in moth longevities.
Gender-Specific Associations of Pregnancy-Related Anxiety with Placental Epigenetic Patterning of Glucocorticoid Response Genes and Preschooler’s Emotional Symptoms and Hyperactivity
Authors: Liu Hui , Liu Yuwei , Huang Kun , Yan Shuangqin , Hao Jiahu , Zhu Peng , Tao Fangbiao , Shao Shanshan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Backgroud: We have recently reported that maternal prenatal pregnancy-related anxiety predicts preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral development in a gender-dependent manner. This study aims to test for this gender-specific effect in a different cohort and investigate whether the gender difference was specific to placental methylation of genes regulating glucocorticoids.Methods: A total of 2405 mother–child pairs from the Ma’anshan Birth Cohort Study were included in present study. The maternal pregnancy-related anxiety symptoms were evaluated with the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire in the third trimester of pregnancy. Child neurobehavior was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 4 years old. Placental methylation of FKBP5, NR3C1 and HSD11B2 genes was quantified using the MethylTarget approach in 439 pregnant women. After exploratory factor analysis, the associations between methylation factor scores and pregnancy-related anxiety and child neurobehavior were examined using logistic regression analysis.Results: After controlling for confounding factors, pregnancy-related anxiety in the third trimester of pregnancy increased the risk of hyperactivity only in boys and emotional symptoms only in girls. Decreased scores of the factor characterized by FKBP5 methylation were associated with maternal pregnancy-related anxiety only in boys. Furthermore, increased scores of the factors characterized by NR3C1 and HSD11B2 methylation were associated with hyperactivity (NR3C1: adjusted OR = 1.80, 95 %CI = 1.15–2.83) and emotional symptoms (HSD11B2: adjusted OR = 0.53, 95 %CI = 0.29–0.97; NR3C1: adjusted OR = 1.64, 95 %CI = 1.03–2.59) only in boys. However, the scores of the factor characterized by FKBP5、NR3C1 and HSD11B2 did not mediate the relationship between maternal pregnancy-related anxiety and preschoolers’ emotional symptoms and hyperactivity.Conclusions: Our results suggested that pregnancy-related anxiety in the third trimester of pregnancy predicted preschoolers’ emotional symptoms and hyperactivity in a gender-dependent manner. Although we did not find the mediation role of the placental methylation of genes regulating glucocorticoids, we found it was associated with both maternal pregnancy-related anxiety and preschoolers’ emotional symptoms and hyperactivity in a gender-dependent manner.
Retrospective Review of Safety and Efficacy of Anlotinib in Advanced Osteosarcoma With Metastases After Failure of Standard Multimodal Therapy
Authors: Li Hanqing , Li Yang , Song Lei , Ai Qiuchi , zhang shuai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To study and observe the safety and efficacy of anlotinib in the treatment of advanced osteosarcoma with metastases. We retrospectively studied patients with advanced osteosarcoma and metastases who received anlotinib treatment in our hospital from June 2018 to April 2020. All patients had received standard multimodal therapies, before taking anlotinib. Therapeutic doses of anlotinib were 12 mg for adults and 10 mg for children and adolescents once a day for 2 consecutive weeks, followed by a week of withdrawal. This 3-week cycle of treatment was continued until the tumor progressed rapidly or the patients failed to tolerate the side effects. Adverse drug reactions were recorded, and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated based on progression free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR). The median PFS was 9.81 ± 0.9 months, and the 6-month and 10-month PFS rates were 73.3% and 33.3%, respectively. The median OS was 11.43 ± 0.58 months. No patients achieved complete response. After 6 months of treatment, the DCR and ORR were 80% and 13.3%, respectively. No drug-related deaths or Grade 4 adverse events occurred in the patients. Five patients (33.3%) had Grade 3 adverse events. The most common drug-related adverse events were hand-food syndrome, fatigue, high blood pressure, anorexia, and pneumothorax. Anlotinib had a certain curative effect on patients with advanced osteosarcoma and metastases after failure of standard treatment. The adverse events were mostly tolerable or relieved after treatment.
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals by Typha angustifolia in Hokersar Wetland of Kashmir
Authors: Ahmad Syed Shakeel , Reshi Zafar , Shah Manzoor A , Ara Roshan , Rashid Irfan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Remediation of heavy metals by macrophytes in wetlands is gaining importance, particularly in the wetlands and game reserves of international importance. Hokersar wetland, a Ramsar site, is a game reserve of international importance and is facing anthropogenic disturbances over the years. Keeping in view deleterious effect of heavy metals on all the facets of contaminated ecosystems need for removal of these contaminants has received lot of attention in the recent past. It is in this backdrop, heavy metal sequestration by Typha angustata, one of the common and abundant species growing in the wetland, was explored. The study was aimed to assess sequestration of heavy metals, such as Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn by T. angustata in the Hokersar wetland. The EF for all the investigated heavy metals was greater than one and TF of T. angustata was greater than one for Zn, Cr and Pb thereby making the species a hyper-accumulator for these elements. In conclusion, it can be stated that T. angustata, being a hyperaccumulator of Zn, Cr and Pb and accumulator for Fe, Mn, Al, Co, Cu, Ni and Cd can be exploited for heavy metal sequestration in the wetland system.
Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Key Genes and Pathways Associated with Sex Differences in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Su Siwei , Jiang Wenjun , Wang Xiaoying , Du Sen , Zhou Lu , Qi Jianhong , song hongqiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the key genes and investigated the different signaling pathways of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) between males and females.Data and MethodsThe gene expression data of GSE55457, GSE55584, and GSE12021 were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using R software. Then, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis of DEGs were conducted via Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of DEGs were constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.0. ResultsA total of 416 upregulated DEGs and 336 downregulated DEGs were identified in males, and 744 upregulated DEGs and 309 downregulated DEGs were identified in females.IL6, MYC, EGFR, FOS and JUN were considered as hub genes in RA pathogenesis in males, while IL6, ALB, PTPRC, CXCL8 and CCR5 were considered as hub genes in RA pathogenesis in females. ConclusionIdentified DEG may be involved in the different mechanisms of RA disease progression between males and females, and they are treated as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for males and females. The pathogenesis mechanism of RA is sex-dependent.
The Effect of Doping Thiourea In CdO Thin Films For Electronic Applications
Authors: Soylu Murat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cadmium oxide (CdO) and Thiourea (Th) doped CdO thin films were deposited on soda lime glass (SLG) and crystalline p-type Si (100) substrates for various Th doping concentrations (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 at.%) using spin coating method. Some structural parameters such as the crystallite size, lattice constant, dislocation density (δ) and strain in the films were obtained from XRD analysis in which the polycrystalline structure with cubic nature and (111) prefential orientation was confirmed. CdO thin film has not shown any change in crystal phase after Th doping. The optical study emerged that the Th doping caused important changes in the transmittance, absorbance and reflectance spectra. A maximum optical transmittance (above 80%) have been obtained for 0.3% Th doped CdO thin films. Th doped CdO/p-Si heterojunctions exhibited low rectifying character and were not found to be the light sensitive.
Unsteady Aerodynamic Performance of a Maglev Train: The Effect of the Ground Condition
Authors: Meng Shi , Chen Guang , Zhou Dan , Meng Shuang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effect of the ground condition on unsteady aerodynamic performance of maglev train was numerically investigated with an IDDES (Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation) method. The accuracy of the numerical method has been validated by wind tunnel experiments. The flow structure, slipstream and aerodynamic force around the train under stationary and moving ground conditions were compared. Compared with the stationary ground condition, the vortex structure under the condition of moving ground generated by the wake region is narrower and higher because of the track. Near the nose point of the head and tail vehicles, the peak value of slipstream under the condition of moving ground is slightly higher than that under stationary ground. In the wake area, the effect of the main vortex structure on both sides of the tail vehicle and the track makes the vortex structure in the wake area stronger than that under moving ground, the slipstream peak is larger and the locus thereof is further forward. Under the two ground conditions, the vortex structure is periodically shed from both sides of the train into the wake area, and the shedding frequency of the main vortex under the moving ground condition is lower than that under the stationary ground condition. Moving ground can increase the resistance of the maglev train, reduce the lift of the maglev train, and decrease the standard deviation of the maglev train’s aerodynamic force.
A techno-economic and financial analysis of a Gulf-India undersea electricity interconnector
Authors: Shivakumar Abhishek , Kruitwagen Lucas , Weinstein Miles , Spiteri Sebastian , Arderne Christopher , Almulla Youssef , Usher William , Howells Mark , Hawkes Adam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As part of efforts to decarbonise, power systems around the world will need to cope with increasing shares of intermittent renewable generation from technologies such as wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) in the coming decades. One promising solution to this challenge is cross-border electricity interconnectors. This study is an independent combined techno-economic and financial analysis of an electricity interconnector between Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and India. A techno-economic model of a combined India-GCC power system was developed using OSeMOSYS, an open-source energy system modelling tool and combined with a financial model. The models were applied across 75 scenarios covering a range of cost variables and solar PV locations in the GCC. We find that a techno-economic case for a GCC-India interconnector is clear: an interconnector is part of the least-cost ‘optimal’ power system in 64 of the 75 scenarios studied. The trend of electricity flows gradually shifts from the India->GCC direction in 2030 to the other way around by 2050. The overall trade volumes are influenced by the location of the solar PV farm; locations further to the west contribute towards higher trade volumes in the GCC->India direction. Of the cost variables considered in the study the overall (social) discount rate is most strongly correlated with the interconnector trade volumes. The financial case for the CCG-India interconnector is less clear. Of the projections developed for the scenarios from the technoeconomic model, only a small number are immediately investible. It is also expected that a smaller interconnector will be a more attractive investment opportunity, for a trade-off in total system cost reductions.
Explanation of Medicine Clinical Faculty’s Experiences of Clinical Supervision: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sadat Marzieh , Ahmady Soleiman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Educational clinical supervision is the direct or indirect supervision by the clinical supervisor of the processes performed by the student in clinical environments for providing guidance and feedback with the point of executing better and higher quality attendance to patients. Given that this supervision is one of the main activities in the teaching of the medical Career, The aim of this study was to explain the experiences of clinical faculty regarding educational clinical supervision.Method: This study is a Qualitative study and it was performed with the participation of 13 faculty members of the internal medicine and surgery departments of the medical school of the Islamic Azad University, Najafabad unit. The sampling method was purposeful and the data was been collected via semi-structured computing. Data analysis was been done by using analyzing qualitative content method with the Deductive approach. Results: They were placed in 3 main classes and 12 sub-classes. The main categories include fundamental roles, relaxed alertness, and Counterproductive behavior.Conclusion: Not attending to the challenges of didactic clinical supervision and the lack of a suitable supervisory structure will cause the reduction of the motivation of faculty (board) members and an increase of their confusion, as well as the formation of anti-production behaviors and reduction of the quality of clinical education.
The Predictive Factors of Nocturia in Young Asian Adult Males – An Online Survey
Authors: Cheng Weiming , Fan Yu-Hwa , Liou Ying-Jay , Hsu Yi-Ting 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study investigated the association between the severity of depressive mood and nocturia in young Asian adult men. Participants were 3,127 adult male Facebook users aged 20–40 years who could read and write traditional Chinese. Participants completed an online questionnaire about their demographic characteristics, the frequency of getting up to urinate during the night (International Prostate Symptoms Score [IPSS]), and the frequency of experiencing depressive symptoms (Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire [TDQ]). The severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and those who had nocturia were classified using the IPSS. Student’s t test and Pearson’s chi square test were used to compare participants with and without nocturia. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the predictive factors for nocturia. Two hundred fifty-one (8.0%) participants had nocturia, and 21.9% were suspected to have depression. Age over 30 years, body mass index over 25 kg/m2, the presence of moderate/severe LUTS, and higher TDQ scores were predictive of nocturia. Depression was associated with nocturia in young Asian adult males. Young men with nocturia who are at risk of developing depression should be identified with a culturally relevant questionnaire. Early referral for psychiatric assessment and intervention may be warranted.
Quantum interference between independent solid-state single-photon sources separated by 300 km fiber
Authors: You Xiang , Zheng Ming-Yang , Chen Si , Liu Run-Ze , Qin Jian , Xu Mo-Chi , Ge Zhen-Xuan , Chung Tung Hsun , Qiao Yu-Kun , Jiang Yang-fan , Zhong Han-Sen , Chen Ming-Cheng , Wang Hui , He Yuming , Xie Xiu-Ping , Li Hao , You Lixing , Schneider Christian , Yin Juan , Chen Teng-Yun , Benyoucef M , Huo Yongheng , Höfling Sven , Zhang Qiang , Lu Chao-Yang , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the quest to realize a scalable quantum network, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offer distinct advantages including high single-photon efficiency and indistinguishability, high repetition rate (tens of GHz with Purcell enhancement), interconnectivity with spin qubits, and a scalable on-chip platform. However, in the past two decades, the visibility of quantum interference between independent QDs rarely went beyond the classical limit of 50% and the distances were limited from a few meters to kilometers. Here, we report quantum interference between two single photons from independent QDs separated by 302 km optical fiber. The single photons are generated from resonantly driven single QDs deterministically coupled to microcavities. Quantum frequency conversions are used to eliminate the QD inhomogeneity and shift the emission wavelength to the telecommunication band. The observed interference visibility is 0.67\pm0.02 (0.93\pm0.04) without (with) temporal filtering. Feasible improvements can further extend the distance to ~600 km. Our work represents a key step to long-distance solid-state quantum networks.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Tinnitus: Pilot Study Protocol for a Randomized Double-Blinded Crossover Trial
Authors: Zwieten Gusta van , Devos Jana V P , Kotz Sonja A , Ackermans Linda , Brinkmann Pia , Dauven Lobke , George Erwin L J , Janssen A. Miranda L , Kremer Bernd , Leue Carsten , Schwartze Michael , Temel Yasin , Smit Jasper V , Janssen Marcus L F 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic tinnitus can have an immense impact on quality of life. Despite recent treatment advances, many tinnitus patients remain refractory to them. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that deep brain stimulation (DBS) is as a promising treatment to suppress tinnitus. The thalamic medial geniculate body (MGB) takes a key position in the tinnitus network, shows pathophysiological hallmarks of tinnitus, and is readily accessible using stereotaxy. This study will evaluate the safety and therapeutic effects of DBS in the MGB in severe tinnitus sufferers.Methods: Bilateral DBS of the MGB will be applied in six patients with severe and refractory tinnitus. A double-blinded, randomized 2x2 crossover design (stimulation ON and OFF) will be applied, followed by a period of six months open label follow-up. The primary focus is to assess safety and feasibility (acceptability). Secondary outcomes assess a potential treatment effect and include tinnitus severity measured by the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), tinnitus loudness and distress, hearing, cognitive and psychological functions, quality of life, and neurophysiological characteristics. Discussion: Whilst carefully balancing risks and benefits and taking ethical considerations into account, this study explores the safety and feasibility of DBS in severe refractory tinnitus, by extensive assessment of clinical and neurophysiological outcome measures. Additionally, important insights in the underlying mechanism of tinnitus and hearing function might be revealed. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03976908 (June 6, 2019)