bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Input zone-selective dysrhythmia in motor thalamus after dopamine depletion
Authors: Nakamura Kouichi C. , Sharott Andrew , Tanaka Takuma , Magill Peter J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and motor thalamus form circuits important for purposeful movement. In Parkinsonism, basal ganglia neurons often exhibit dysrhythmic activity during, and with respect to, the slow (∼1 Hz) and beta-band (15–30 Hz) oscillations that emerge in cortex in a brain state-dependent manner. There remains, however, a pressing need to elucidate the extent to which motor thalamus activity becomes similarly dysrhythmic after dopamine depletion relevant to Parkinsonism. To address this, we recorded single-neuron and ensemble outputs in the ‘basal ganglia-recipient zone’ (BZ) and ‘cerebellar-recipient zone’ (CZ) of motor thalamus in anesthetized male dopamine-intact rats and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats during two brain states, respectively defined by cortical slow-wave activity and activation. Two forms of thalamic input zone-selective dysrhythmia manifested after dopamine depletion: First, BZ neurons, but not CZ neurons, exhibited abnormal phase-shifted firing with respect to cortical slow oscillations prevalent during slow-wave activity; secondly, BZ neurons, but not CZ neurons, inappropriately synchronized their firing and engaged with the exaggerated cortical beta oscillations arising in activated states. These dysrhythmias were not accompanied by the thalamic hypoactivity predicted by canonical firing rate-based models of circuit organization in Parkinsonism. Complementary recordings of neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata suggested their altered activity dynamics could underpin the BZ dysrhythmias. Finally, pharmacological perturbations demonstrated that ongoing activity in the motor thalamus bolsters exaggerated beta oscillations in motor cortex. We conclude that BZ neurons are selectively primed to mediate the detrimental influences of abnormal slow and beta-band rhythms on circuit information processing in Parkinsonism.
Do closely related species interact with similar partners? Testing for phylogenetic signal in bipartite interaction networks
Authors: Perez-Lamarque Benoît , Maliet Odile , Pichon Benoît , Selosse Marc-André , Martos Florent , Morlon Hélène 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhether interactions between species are conserved on evolutionary time-scales has spurred the development of both correlative and process-based approaches for testing phylogenetic signal in interspecific interactions: do closely related species interact with similar partners? Here we use simulations to test the statistical performances of the two approaches that are the most widely used in the field: Mantel tests and the Phylogenetic Bipartite Linear Model (PBLM). Mantel tests investigate the correlation between phylogenetic distances and dissimilarities in sets of interacting partners, while PBLM is a process-based approach that relies on strong assumptions about how interactions evolve. We find that PBLM often detects a phylogenetic signal when it should not. Simple Mantel tests instead have infrequent false positives and moderate statistical power; however, they often artifactually detect that closely related species interact with dissimilar partners. Partial Mantel tests, which are used to partial out the phylogenetic signal in the number of partners, actually fail at correcting for this confounding effect, and we instead recommend evaluating the significance of Mantel tests with network permutations constraining the number of partners. We also explore the ability of simple Mantel tests to analyze clade-specific phylogenetic signals. We provide general guidelines and an application on an interaction network between orchids and mycorrhizal fungi.
Trace elements in grey seals from the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: MacMillan Gwyneth A. , Amyot Marc , Daoust Pierre-Yves , Lemire Mélanie 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTWe measured baseline levels of 19 trace element and mercury speciation for grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), Québec, Canada. With interest growing in commercializing grey seal products for human consumption in this region, the goal of this study was to measure essential and non-essential trace elements in grey seals to evaluate health concerns and nutritional benefits. From 2015 to 2019, 120 grey seals were sampled by hunters and researchers at 4 sites in the GSL. Muscle, liver, heart and kidney samples were analyzed for 10 non-essential elements (Sb, As, Be, B, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ni, Tl, Sn) and 9 essential elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn). Both total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were analysed for a subset of samples. Many elements were undetected in liver (Sb, As, Be, B, Cr, Co, Pb, Ni, Tl, Sn) and muscle tissues (same, plus Cd, Mn, Mo). Results showed lower element concentrations in the muscle (Fe, Mg, Se) and livers (Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Mo, Se) of young-of-the-year harvested in the winter (< 6 weeks old) compared to older animals feeding at sea. For older seals (∼ 5 months to 29 years), we did not observe progressive age-dependent bioaccumulation. Sex-specific differences were not very pronounced, but a few elements were 30 - 70% higher in the muscle (THg, MeHg) and liver (Mn, Zn) of male seals. Comparison to Canadian dietary reference intakes shows that a weekly portion of liver from young-of-the-year (< 6 weeks old) is a good source of essential elements (Cu, Fe) and that muscle and liver from this age category does not exceed reference values for toxic elements (As, Cd, Pb, MeHg). Ongoing discussions with regional public health professionals will help to develop dietary recommendations for the consumption of older grey seals.HIGHLIGHTSWe measured baseline levels of 19 trace elements in grey seals harvested from the Gulf of St. Lawrence.We evaluated nutritional benefits and health concerns of human consumption of grey seal products.Once seals began feeding at sea (∼ 5 mo), many element concentrations increased, but did not bioaccumulate progressively with age afterwards.Some elements were more concentrated in the muscle (mercury) and livers (manganese, zinc) of male seals.Young seal (< 6 we) livers are a good dietary sources of copper and iron, while its muscle and liver were below reference values for toxic elements.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Gene drive escape from resistance depends on mechanism and ecology
Authors: Cook Forest , Bull James J. , Gomulkiewicz Richard 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTGene drives can potentially be used to suppress pest populations, and the advent of CRISPR technology has made it feasible to engineer them in many species, especially insects. What remains largely unknown for implementations is whether anti-drive resistance will evolve to block the population suppression. An especially serious threat to some kinds of drive is mutations in the CRISPR cleavage sequence that block the action of CRISPR, but designs have been proposed to avoid this type of resistance. Various types of resistance at loci away from the cleavage site remain a possibility, which is the focus here. It is known that modest-effect suppression drives can essentially ‘outrun’ unlinked resistance even when that resistance is present from the start. We demonstrate here how the risk of evolving (unlinked) resistance can be further reduced without compromising overall suppression by introducing multiple suppression drives or by designing drives with specific ecological effects. However, we show that even modest-effect suppression drives remain vulnerable to the evolution of extreme levels of inbreeding, which halt the spread of the drive without actually interfering with its mechanism. The landscape of resistance evolution against suppression drives is therefore complex, but avenues exist for enhancing gene drive success.
R-loop homeostasis and cancer mutagenesis promoted by the DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B
Authors: McCann Jennifer L. , Cristini Agnese , Law Emily K. , Lee Seo Yun , Tellier Michael , Carpenter Michael A. , Beghè Chiara , Kim Jae Jin , Jarvis Matthew C. , Stefanovska Bojana , Temiz Nuri A. , Bergstrom Erik N. , Salamango Daniel J. , Brown Margaret R. , Murphy Shona , Alexandrov Ludmil B. , Miller Kyle M. , Gromak Natalia , Harris Reuben S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe single-stranded DNA cytosine-to-uracil deaminase APOBEC3B is an antiviral protein implicated in cancer. However, its substrates in cells are not fully delineated. Here, APOBEC3B proteomics reveal interactions with a surprising number of R-loop factors. Biochemical experiments show APOBEC3B binding to R-loops in human cells andin vitro. Genetic experiments demonstrate R-loop increases in cells lacking APOBEC3B and decreases in cells overexpressing APOBEC3B. Genome-wide analyses show major changes in the overall landscape of physiological and stimulus-induced R-loops with thousands of differentially altered regions as well as binding of APOBEC3B to many of these sites. APOBEC3 mutagenesis impacts overexpressed genes and splice factor mutant tumors preferentially, and APOBEC3-attributedkataegisare enriched in RTCW consistent with APOBEC3B deamination. Taken together with the fact that APOBEC3B binds single-stranded DNA and RNA and preferentially deaminates DNA, these results support a mechanism in which APOBEC3B mediates R-loop homeostasis and contributes to R-loop mutagenesis in cancer.HighlightsUnbiased proteomics link antiviral APOBEC3B to R-loop regulationSystematic alterations of APOBEC3B levels trigger corresponding changes in R-loopsAPOBEC3B binds R-loops in living cells andin vitroBioinformatics analyses support an R-loop deamination and mutation model
Kazrin is an endosomal adaptor for dynein/dynactin
Authors: Hernandez-Perez Ines , Baumann Adrian , Rubio Javier , Girao Henrique , Rebollo Elena , Aragay Anna M. , Geli Maria Isabel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKazrin is a protein widely expressed in vertebrates whose depletion causes a myriad of developmental defects, in part derived from altered cell adhesion, impaired cell migration and failure to undergo Epidermal to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). However, the primary molecular role of kazrin, which might contribute to all these functions, has not been elucidated yet. We previously identified one of its isoforms, kazrin C, as a protein that potently inhibits clathrin-mediated endocytosis when overexpressed. We now generated kazrin knock out Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) to investigate its endocytic function. We found that kazrin depletion delays perinuclear enrichment of internalized material, indicating a role in endocytic traffic from Early (EE) to Recycling Endosomes (REs). Consistently, we found that the C-terminal domain of kazrin C, predicted to be an Intrinsically Disordered Region (IDR), directly interacts with several components of the EEs, and that kazrin depletion impairs centripetal motility of EEs. Further, we noticed that the N-terminus of kazrin C shares homology with dynein/dynactin adaptors and that it directly interacts with the dynactin complex and the dynein Light Intermediate Chain 1 (LIC1). Altogether, the data indicate that one of the primary kazrin functions is to facilitate endocytic recycling via the perinuclear endocytic compartment, by promoting microtubule and dynein/dynactin-dependent transport of EEs or EE-derived transport intermediates to the RE.
Hexose translocation mediated by SlSWEET5b is required for pollen maturation in Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Ko Han-Yu , Tseng Hsuan-Wei , Ho Li-Hsuan , Wang Lu , Chang Tzu-Fang , Lin Annie , Ruan Yong-Ling , Neuhaus H. Ekkehard , Guo Woei-Jiun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPollen fertility is critical for successful fertilization and, accordingly, for crop yield. While sugar unloading affects growth and development of all types of sink organs, the molecular nature for sugar import to tomato pollen is poorly understood. However, SWEET transporters have been proposed to function in pollen development. Here, qRT-PCR revealed that SlSWEET5b was markedly expressed in flowers when compared to the remaining tomato SlSWEETs; particularly, in the stamens of maturing flower buds undergoing mitosis. Distinct accumulation of SlSWEET5b-GUS fusion proteins was present in mature flower buds, especially in anther vascular and inner cells, symplasmic isolated pollen cells and styles. The demonstration that GFP fusion proteins located to the plasma membrane support the idea that the SlSWEET5b carrier functions in apoplasmic sugar translocation during pollen maturation. Such function is in line with data from yeast complementation experiments and radiotracer uptakes, showing that SlSWEET5b operates as a low affinity hexose-specific passive facilitator, with a KM of ~36 mM. Most importantly, RNAi-mediated suppression of SlSWEET5b expression resulted in shrunken nucleus-less pollen cells, impaired germination and low seed yield. Interestingly, stamens from SlSWEET5b-silenced tomato mutants contained significantly lower amounts of sucrose and increased invertase activity, pointing to reduced carbon supply and perturbed sucrose homeostasis in this tissue. Taken together, our findings reveal an essential role of SlSWEET5b in mediating apoplasmic hexose import into phloem unloading cells and into developing pollen cells to support pollen mitosis and maturation in tomato flowers.One-sentence SummaryPlasma-membrane-localized SlSWEET5b facilitates a sequential hexose flux, from phloem to anther cells and from anther locule to pollen, to support pollen maturation and fertility in tomato flowers.
Towards a molecular mechanism underlying mitochondrial protein import through the TOM and TIM23 complexes
Authors: Ford Holly C. , Allen William J. , Pereira Gonçalo C. , Liu Xia , Dillingham Mark S. , Collinson Ian 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTNearly all mitochondrial proteins need to be targeted for import from the cytosol. For the majority, the first port of call is the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM complex), followed by a procession of alternative molecular machines, conducting transport to their final destination. The pre-sequence translocase of the inner-membrane (TIM23-complex) imports proteins with cleavable pre-sequences, and comes in two flavours: the TIM23SORT complex mediates inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) protein insertion and the TIM23MOTOR complex delivers proteins to the matrix. Progress in understanding these transport mechanisms has been hampered by the poor sensitivity and time-resolution of import assays. However, with the development of an assay based on split NanoLuc luciferase, we can now explore this process in greater detail. Here, we apply this new methodology to understand how Δψ and ATP hydrolysis, the two main driving forces for import through the TIM23MOTOR complex, contribute to the import of pre-sequence-containing precursors (PCPs) with varying properties. Notably, we found that two major rate-limiting steps define PCP import time: passage of PCP across the OMM and initiation of IMM transport by the pre-sequence. The rates of these steps are influenced by PCP properties such as size and net charge, but not total amount of PCP imported – emphasising the importance of collecting rapid kinetic data, achieved here, to elucidate mechanistic detail. The apparent distinction between transport through the two membranes (passage through TOM is substantially complete before PCP-TIM engagement) is in contrast with the current view that import occurs through TOM and TIM in a single continuous step. Our results also indicate that PCPs spend very little time in the TIM23 channel – presumably rapid success or failure of import is critical for maintaining mitochondrial fitness.
Comparative assessment of genes driving cancer and somatic evolution in noncancer tissues: an update of the NCG resource
Authors: Dressler Lisa , Bortolomeazzi Michele , Keddar Mohamed Reda , Misetic Hrvoje , Sartini Giulia , Acha-Sagredo Amelia , Montorsi Lucia , Wijewardhane Neshika , Repana Dimitra , Nulsen Joel , Goldman Jacki , Pollit Marc , Davis Patrick , Strange Amy , Ambrose Karen , Ciccarelli Francesca D. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTGenetic alterations of somatic cells can drive nonmalignant clone formation and promote cancer initiation. However, the link between these processes remains unclear hampering our understanding of tissue homeostasis and cancer development. Here we collect a literature-based repertoire of 3355 well-known or predicted drivers of cancer and noncancer somatic evolution in 122 cancer types and 12 noncancer tissues. Mapping the alterations of these genes in 7953 pancancer samples reveals that, despite the large size, the known compendium of drivers is still incomplete and biased towards frequently occurring coding mutations. High overlap exists between drivers of cancer and noncancer somatic evolution, although significant differences emerge in their recurrence. We confirm and expand the unique properties of drivers and identify a core of evolutionarily conserved and essential genes whose germline variation is strongly counter-selected. Somatic alteration in even one of these genes is sufficient to drive clonal expansion but not malignant transformation. Our study offers a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of the genetic events initiating clone expansion and cancer revealing significant gaps and biases that still need to be addressed. The compendium of cancer and noncancer somatic drivers, their literature support and properties are accessible at http://www.network-cancer-genes.org/.
Predicting user personality with social interactions in Weibo
Authors: Jiang Yuting , Deng Shengli , Li Hongxiu , Liu Yong 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe purposes of this paper are to (1) explore how personality traits pertaining to the dominance influence steadiness compliance model manifest themselves in terms of user interaction behavior on social media and (2) examine whether social interaction data on social media platforms can predict user personality.Design/methodology/approachSocial interaction data was collected from 198 users of Sina Weibo, a popular social media platform in China. Their personality traits were also measured via questionnaire. Machine learning techniques were applied to predict the personality traits based on the social interaction data.FindingsThe results demonstrated that the proposed classifiers had high prediction accuracy, indicating that our approach is reliable and can be used with social interaction data on social media platforms to predict user personality. “Reposting,” “being reposted,” “commenting” and “being commented on” were found to be the key interaction features that reflected Weibo users' personalities, whereas “liking” was not found to be a key feature.Originality/valueThe findings of this study are expected to enrich personality prediction research based on social media data and to provide insights into the potential of employing social media data for the purpose of personality prediction in the context of the Weibo social media platform in China.
Investigating the causal complexity of corruption in project-based organizations: a scenario analysis of bidding activity in the Chinese construction sector
Authors: Wang Zhixiu , Liu Junying , Guan Xinya 
Published: August 2021

PurposeAlthough the global construction industry has made great contributions to economic development, industry corruption is a challenge for governments all over the world. This paper aims to investigate the causal complexity of organizational corruption by exploring the configuration effect of multiple induced conditions of corruption in the construction sector.Design/methodology/approachThis study is focused on bribery, a specific form of corrupt behavior through a scenario-based survey role-playing game in which participants encounter bribery. A total of 400 Chinese construction sector participants were randomly recruited to complete this survey.FindingsCompared with studies that have identified a number of factors associated with corruption in the construction sector, this study found asymmetry and complexity in the causality of organizational corruption. That is, when a variable causing corruption changes from one condition to its opposite – for example, from fierce to mild competition – the degree of corruption is not necessarily reduced as one may expect.Practical implicationsAnti-corruption measures should not rely solely on the net effects of discrete conditions and the interactions between multiple factors should not be ignored. In other words, anti-corruption strategies should not be implemented in isolation of their context, and pairing control measures with configurations is critical in controlling corruption. Finally, multiple configuration paths should be reconsidered when considering the degree of corruption reduction.Originality/valueThis study proposes a comprehensive analysis framework for addressing organizational corruption in the construction sector by investigating configuration effects of multiple induced conditions and offers a useful method for addressing corruption.
Reimagining the post-pandemic industry of arts in the Arab world: fast-tracked digital uplift or back to business as usual?
Authors: Bodolica Virginia , Kasih Bilal 
Published: August 2021

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of this paper are as follows: to assess the extent to which a new business concept or entrepreneurial idea represents a commercial success or practical failure, to estimate the complexities associated with the management of a partnership-based venture in the context of emerging markets, to demonstrate understanding of entrepreneurial action and strategic adaptation under the condition of uncontrollable external shocks (e.g. COVID-19) and to evaluate the pros and cons of different strategic options and provide viable recommendations for the future.

Case overview/synopsis
Startup entrepreneurship constitutes the backbone of the socioeconomic activity of any nation and a driver of innovation, industrial diversification and wealth generation, particularly in emerging market settings. Drawing upon narrative storytelling techniques, this case study immerses the reader into the intricacies of entrepreneurial venture creation within the dynamic startup ecosystem in the Middle East. It follows the story of a young serial entrepreneur, Omar, who decided to launch a business in the creative industry of arts in the United Arab Emirates in partnership with his friend, Ahmed. Their common venture, Mont8, showcased and promoted the artwork of budding and well-known Arab talents and was on track to become a recognizable brand in the Middle Eastern business of arts until the COVID-19 crisis shook the world taking everyone by surprise. In an attempt to build a successful post-pandemic future, Omar was convinced that Mont8 needed to fast-track its digital transformation. He envisioned an e-commerce marketplace that would empower Arab artists, designers and photographers to create customized virtual galleries on their own web-stores through the Mont8’s digital platform. Yet, Omar’s vision diverged drastically from the very conservative mindset of Ahmed, who did not want to disrupt tradition and argued in favor of a back-to-business-as-usual approach. It remains unclear whose option would be selected and whether the two partners would stay in this makeover together or rather part ways.

Complexity academic level
Upper-level undergraduate courses.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject Code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.