bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative methods show stability in patterns of Cepaea nemoralis shell polymorphism in the Pyrenees over five decades
Authors: Ramos‐Gonzalez Daniel , Davison Angus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the past century, the study of animal color has been critical in establishing some of the founding principles of biology, especially in genetics and evolution. In this regard, one of the emerging strengths of working with the land snail genus Cepaea is that historical collections can be compared against modern‐day samples, for instance, to understand the impact of changing climate and habitat upon shell morph frequencies. However, one potential limitation is that prior studies scored shell ground color by eye into three discrete colours yellow, pink, or brown. This incurs both potential error and bias in comparative surveys. In this study, we therefore aimed to use a quantitative method to score shell color and evaluated it by comparing patterns of C. nemoralis shell color polymorphism in the Pyrenees, using both methods on present‐day samples, and against historical data gathered in the 1960s using the traditional method. The main finding was that while quantitative measures of shell color reduced the possibility of error and standardized the procedure, the same altitudinal trends were recovered, irrespective of the method. The results also showed that there was a general stability in the local shell patterns over five decades, including altitudinal clines, with just some exceptions. Therefore, although subject to potential error human scoring of snail color data remains valuable, especially if persons have appropriate training. In comparison, while there are benefits in taking quantitative measures of color in the laboratory, there are also several practical disadvantages, mainly in terms of throughput and accessibility. In the future, we anticipate that genomic methods may be used to understand the potential role of selection in maintaining shell morph clines. In addition, photographs generated by citizen scientists conducting field surveys may be used with deep learning‐based methods to survey color patterns.
Monocytes promote UV‐induced epidermal carcinogenesis
Authors: Lelios Iva , Stifter Sebastian A. , Cecconi Virginia , Petrova Ekaterina , Lutz Mirjam , Cansever Dilay , Utz Sebastian G. , Becher Burkhard , van den Broek Maries , Greter Melanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMononuclear phagocytes consisting of monocytes, macrophages, and DCs play a complex role in tumor development by either promoting or restricting tumor growth. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common nonmelanoma skin cancer arising from transformed epidermal keratinocytes. While present at high numbers, the role of tumor‐infiltrating and resident myeloid cells in the formation of cSCC is largely unknown. Using transgenic mice and depleting antibodies to eliminate specific myeloid cell types in the skin, we investigated the involvement of mononuclear phagocytes in the development of UV‐induced cSCC in K14‐HPV8‐E6 transgenic mice. Although resident Langerhans cells were enriched in the tumor, their contribution to tumor formation was negligible. Equally, dermal macrophages were dispensable for the development of cSCC. In contrast, mice lacking circulating monocytes were completely resistant to UV‐induced cSCC, indicating that monocytes promote tumor development. Collectively, these results demonstrate a critical role for classical monocytes in the initiation of skin cancer.
Available technologies on improving the stability of polyphenols in food processing
Authors: Cao Hui , Saroglu Oznur , Karadag Ayse , Diaconeasa Zoriţa , Zoccatelli Gianni , Conte‐Junior Carlos Adam , Gonzalez‐Aguilar Gustavo A. , Ou Juanying , Bai Weibin , Zamarioli Cristina Mara , de Freitas Luis Alexandre Pedro , Shpigelman Avi , Campelo Pedro H. , Capanoglu Esra , Hii Ching Lik , Jafari Seid Mahdi , Qi Yaping , Liao Pan , Wang Mingfu , Zou Liang , Bourke Paula , Simal‐Gandara Jesus , Xiao Jianbo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolyphenols are the most important phytochemicals in our diets and have received great attention due to their broad benefits for human health by suppressing oxidative stress and playing a protective role in preventing different pathologies such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. The stability of polyphenols depends on their environments of processing and storage, such as pH and temperature. A wide range of technologies has been developed to stabilize polyphenols during processing. This review will provide an overview of the stability of polyphenols in relation to their structure, the factors impacting the stability of polyphenols, the new products deriving from unstable polyphenols, and the effect of a series of technologies for the stabilization of polyphenols, such as chemical modification, nanotechnology, lyophilization, encapsulation, cold plasma treatment, polyphenol–protein interaction, and emulsion as a means of improving stability. Finally, the effects of cooking and storage on the stability of polyphenols were discussed.
Thermal diffusion and diffusion thermoeffects on the peristaltic motion of a non‐Newtonian micropolar fluid inside a nonuniform vertical channel
Authors: Eldabe Nabil T. , Shawky Hameda M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of Dufour and Soret numbers on the peristaltic motion of a non‐Newtonian micropolar fluid are discussed. The motion inside a nonuniform vertical channel under the effect of the uniform magnetic field is considered. The Ohmic and elastic dissipations, as well as heat generation and chemical reaction, are taken into account. The problem is modulated mathematically by using continuity, momentum, angular momentum, and heat and mass transfer equations. The nonlinear partial differential equations describing these equations are written in terms of the physical parameters of the problem. The equations are transformed from the laboratory frame to the wave frame and then written in dimensionless form. The approximations of long wavelength and small Reynolds number are applied, then the equations are solved by using the homotopy perturbation method. The velocities, stream function, temperature, and concentration distributions are obtained as functions of the physical parameters of the problem. The effect of these parameters on the obtained solutions are computed mathematically and illustrated graphically through a set of figures. It is found that the parameters play an important role in controlling the solutions. It is found that the stream function decreases by increasing both non‐Newtonian and micropolar parameters on the left side of the channel and vice versa occurs on the right side.
Flow of three‐dimensional radiative Williamson fluid over an inclined stretching sheet with Hall current and nth‐order chemical reaction
Authors: Shamshuddin MD. , Mabood F. , Salawu S. O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the current communication, three‐dimensional Williamson fluid flow past a bidirectional inclined stretching plate with novel Hall current, nonuniform heat source/sink, and nth‐order chemical reaction features are investigated. Rosseland's diffusion model is defined for the radiation heat transfer. The nonlinear governing derivative equations satisfying the flow are transmuted to the coupled derivative equations by employing the local similarity quantities and then solved numerically through the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method utilizing the shooting quadrature. An inclusive analysis is reported via graphs for the flow rate field, temperature, and concentration distributions for different evolving terms of immense concern. Wall dragging effect and wall heat gradient and wall concentration gradient have been examined, plotted, and described. The detailed geometry reveals that dimensionless velocity field is monotonically rising as the Hall parameter rises. The chemical reaction concentration for the Williamson fluid is enhanced with expanding values of the magnetic field parameter. Transitional values of wall stress components upturn with an increase in Hall parameter while the Williamson term is boosted. Nusselt number is reduced as the Williamson term rises and the Sherwood number enhances with a rising chemical reaction term. The results are verified for limiting cases by comparing with various investigations and found to have excellent accuracy.
Spatial simulation of forest road effects on hydrology and soil erosion after a wildfire
Authors: Cao Longxi , Elliot William , Long Jonathan W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPost‐fire catchment and water utility managers throughout the world use predictive models to estimate potential erosion risks to aid in evaluating downstream impacts of increased runoff and erosion, and to target critical areas within a fire for applying mitigation practices. Erosion prediction can be complicated by forest road networks. Using novel GIS technology and soil erosion modelling, this study evaluated the effect of roads on surface runoff, erosion and sediment yields following a wildfire and determined that the predictive models were providing reasonable results. The GeoWEPP model was used to simulate onsite erosion and offsite sediment delivery before and after fire disturbance using a 2‐m resolution DEM as the terrain layer. Erosion rates in excess of 4 Mg ha−1 year−1were predicted mainly from steep moderate and high severity burn areas. Roads influenced surface runoff flow path distributions and sub‐catchment delineations, affecting the spatial distribution of sediment detachment and transport. Roads tended to reduce estimated erosion on slopes below the roads but increases in erosion rates were estimated for road fillslopes. Estimated deposition amounts on roads and in sediment basins were similar to measured amounts. The results confirm that road prisms, culverts and road ditches influence sedimentation processes after wildfire, and they present opportunities to detain eroded sediments.
Improvement of urinary symptoms after bladder biopsy: A case of pathologically proven allergy‐related cystitis during administration of nivolumab
Authors: Yajima Shugo , Nakanishi Yasukazu , Matsumoto Shunya , Tanabe Kenji , Sugano Masato , Masuda Hitoshi 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionWe present a case of cystitis, which was considered to be an immune‐related adverse event associated with nivolumab administration.Case presentationA 47‐year‐old man suffered from sudden onset urinary symptoms after 18 cycles of nivolumab treatment for stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Urine culture and urine cytology were both negative. The symptoms were inferred to be related to nivolumab administration, and a bladder biopsy under spinal anesthesia was performed. The histopathological examination showed the evidence of allergic‐related cystitis. We planned to administer corticosteroids, but the urinary symptoms disappeared after the bladder biopsy. Nivolumab treatment was continued without recurrent bladder symptoms.ConclusionWe reported a case of cystitis after treatment with nivolumab, which served as a reminder to consider the possibility of immune‐related adverse events as a potential cause for any symptoms that develop during treatment with immuno‐oncology drugs.
Various mentalizing concepts in mothers with postpartum depression, comorbid anxiety, and personality disorders
Authors: Stephanie Krink , Brigitte Ramsauer 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundMentalization is defined as the human capacity to reflect upon one's own or others’ behaviors in terms of underlying mental states and intentions. Several concepts of mentalizing exist, which differ in content, assessment, and clinical prediction.AimsThe present study examines the relationship between the three main concepts of mentalizing, namely, reflective functioning (RF), parental reflective functioning (PRF), and Mind‐Mindedness (MM), in mothers with postpartum depression. It was hypothesized that mentalizing concepts differ in their convergent and divergent variance, as well as their clinical validity regarding comorbid anxiety and personality disorders (PDs).MethodFifty clinically referred mothers with postpartum depression and infants aged 3–10 months were examined by means of the Reflective Functioning Scale, Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, and Mind‐Mindedness Coding‐System.ResultsNo significant associations were found between RF and PRF, or between PRF and MM; higher RF was associated with more MM‐nonattuned mind‐related comments. Increased depression and anxiety were linked to lower PRF in terms of higher PRF‐prementalizing. Lower RF, but not PRF, was associated with comorbid PDs. Specifically, obsessive–compulsive PD was associated to considerably fewer MM‐nonattuned mind‐related comments.ConclusionDistinct concepts of mentalizing represent divergent competencies, differentially linked to maternal postpartum psychopathology.
Antioxidant enzyme responses of Kentucky bluegrass to simulated athletic traffic stress
Authors: Pease Benjamin W. , Thoms Adam W. , Arora Rajeev , Christians Nick E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreased athletic field usage and growing understanding of injury prevention have sports turf managers interested in implementing management practices that will improve turfgrass traffic stress tolerance. Previous research has shown that other abiotic stressors, such as mowing/rolling, high/low temperature, and drought, result in changes to turfgrass antioxidant enzyme activity levels. This study was conducted to determine how simulated athletic traffic affects the magnitude and duration of changes in antioxidant enzyme activity of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.; KBG). Two levels of simulated athletic traffic (0 and 2 games week−1) were applied to a blend of ‘True Blue HGT’ KBG using a modified Baldree traffic simulator for 7 simulated traffic events (STEs) in each year coinciding with the 2018 and 2019 fall football schedule. One STE of two games wk−1 represents a high school field hosting junior varsity and varsity games each week. Experimental design was a split‐plot randomized complete block with four replications. Turfgrass leaves were individually cut from sub‐plots at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after simulated traffic application to assay the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Traffic application resulted in decreased activity of APX by 30–45% in 2019, CAT by 26–28% in 2019, and SOD by 3–13% on some rating dates in 2018 and 2019. Activity of APX was lowest at 4–12 h after STE. Catalase and SOD activity was highest at 0 or 4 h after STEs in early 2019 but in late 2019 it was highest at 12 or 24 h after STEs. These results suggest that cumulative traffic stress increases the time required for antioxidant enzyme activity, directing future research to investigate timings and frequency of product application, potentially conferring protection to antioxidant enzymes.
Ten‐Year Simulation of the Effects of Denosumab on Bone Remodeling in Human Biopsies
Authors: Tourolle Duncan C , Dempster David W , Ledoux Charles , Boaretti Daniele , Aguilera Mauricio , Saleem Najma , Müller Ralph 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTPostmenopausal osteoporosis is a disease manifesting in degradation of bone mass and microarchitecture, leading to weakening and increased risk of fracture. Clinical trials are an essential tool for evaluating new treatments and may provide further mechanistic understanding of their effects in vivo. However, the histomorphometry from clinical trials is limited to 2D images and reflects single time points. Biochemical markers of bone turnover give global insight into a drug's action, but not the local dynamics of the bone remodeling process and the cells involved. Additionally, comparative trials necessitate separate treatment groups, meaning only aggregated measures can be compared. In this study, in silico modeling based on histomorphometry and pharmacokinetic data was used to assess the effects of treatment versus control on μCT scans of the same biopsy samples over time, matching the changes in bone volume fraction observed in biopsies from denosumab and placebo groups through year 10 of the FREEDOM Extension trial. In the simulation, treatment decreased osteoclast number, which led to a modest increase in trabecular thickness and osteocyte stress shielding. Long‐term bone turnover suppression led to increased RANKL production, followed by a small increase in osteoclast number at the end of the 6‐month–dosing interval, especially at the end of the Extension study. Lack of treatment led to a significant loss of bone mass and structure. The study's results show how in silico models can generate predictions of denosumab cellular action over a 10‐year period, matching static and dynamic morphometric measures assessed in clinical biopsies. The use of in silico models with clinical trial data can be a method to gain further insight into fundamental bone biology and how treatments can perturb this. With rigorous validation, such models could be used for informing the design of clinical trials, such that the number of participants could be reduced to a minimum to show efficacy. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Enhancing arsenic removal from acidic wastewater using zeolite‐supported sulfide nanoscale zero‐valent iron: the role of sulfur and copper
Authors: Zhou Chundi , Han Caiyun , Min Xize , Yang Ting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDModified nanoscale zero‐valent iron has been extensively used to treat wastewater. This study aimed to investigate the role of sulfur and copper in arsenic removal from CuSO4 effluent via a new arsenic adsorbent, which is sulfide‐modified nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI)‐supported ZSM‐5 zeolite composite (S‐nZVI@ZSM‐5).RESULTSS‐nZVI@ZSM‐5 can efficiently remove As(V) from acidic wastewater. It was observed that the introduction of sulfur increased the specific surface area of nZVI@ZSM‐5 from 35.3 to 45.7 m2 g–1. The As(V) removal performance was observed in the following order: S‐nZVI@ZSM‐5 > nZVI@ZSM‐5 > ZSM‐5. The leaching experiment showed that sulfur decreased iron leaching amount from 7.68 to 1.95 mg L–1 and increased As(V) removal percentage from 89.1% to 94.5%. It was also observed that copper positively impacted As(V) removal when Cu/As concentration ratio was in the range of 0–20, while the negative effect of copper was observed at a Cu/As ratio above 20:1. A high Langmuir As(V) adsorption capacity (204.36 mg g–1) and high structure stability of S‐nZVI@ZSM‐5 demonstrated that this adsorbent was effective and environmentally friendly. Kinetic results were observed to obey the pseudo‐second‐order model. The study proposed the mechanisms of As(V) removal.CONCLUSIONBoth sulfur and copper can extend the reactive life of Fe0 and improve the As(V) adsorption performance of S‐nZVI@ZSM‐5. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Chemical binding of molecular‐imprinted polymer to biotinilated antibody: Utilization of molecular imprinting polymer as intelligent synthetic biomaterials toward recognition of carcinoma embryonic antigen in human plasma sample
Authors: Abdollahiyan Parinaz , Mohammadzadeh Arezoo , Hasanzadeh Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, a novel biosensor based on molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) methodology was fabricated toward recognition of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). For this purpose, poly (toluidine blue) (PTB) was electropolymerized on the surface of gold electrode in the absence and presence of CEA. So, the target molecules were entrapped into the imprinted specific cavities of MIP. Obtained results show that, the binding affinity of the MIP system was significantly higher than that of revealed for the nonimprinted polymer (NIP) system, MIP‐based biosensor revealed linear response from (0.005 to 75 μg/L) and low limit of quantification of (0.005 μg/L) by using chronoamperometry technique, leading to CEA monitoring in real and clinical samples. Thus, a novel technique for rapid, simple, sensitive and affordable monitoring of CEA (LLOQ = 0.005 μg/L) has provided through developed biosensor. From a future perspective, moreover, this method can be considered as an applicable candidate in biomedical and clinical analysis for point‐of‐care usages.
Effects of barley flour substitution on glycemic index, compositional, rheological, textural, and sensory characteristics of chickpea flour‐based flat bread
Authors: Mansoor Remal , Ali Tahira Mohsin , Hasnain Abid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the impact of barley flour substitution (10%–40%) on chickpea flour‐based flat bread (CFB). The crude fiber content significantly increased on addition of barley flour, whereas a significant decline was observed in protein and fat contents. All chickpea flour doughs with and without addition of barley flour exhibited shear thinning with flow behavior index of less than one. The hardness of CFBs decreased, whereas elasticity increased with the increase in barley flour content suggesting improvement in texture of flat breads. Glycemic index of CFBs containing barley flour was significantly less than control flat bread made without any addition of barley flour. Sensory panelists also gave higher scores to CFBs prepared with barley flour, whereas in terms of flavor and overall acceptability, no significant difference was observed between control bread and CFBs containing up to 30% barley flour content. Thus, the textural, compositional, and digestibility of chickpea flour‐based breads can be greatly improved through barley flour substitution without significantly affecting sensory attributes of bread.
Educational utility of an online video‐based teaching tool for sinus and skull base surgery
Authors: Fan Timothy , Workman Alan D. , Koch George , Rathi Vinay K. , Scangas George A. , Metson Ralph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveSurgical education has undergone major changes in recent years, as hands‐on learning opportunities have been replaced or supplemented with online tools. The goal of this project is to examine the educational impact of a surgical training website, SinusVideos.com, on otolaryngologists at various levels of training.MethodsVisitors to the website were asked to complete a survey after viewing a narrated video of a surgical procedure. Surveys were analyzed for demographics, needs assessment, and educational impact.ResultsA total of 105 completed surveys were completed by 68 (64.8%) attendings/practicing physicians, 32 residents/fellows (30.5%), and 5 medical students (4.8%). Whereas 14.3% of viewers reported online videos as their primary source for surgical preparation, 70.5% considered them important secondary supplements. After viewing a video, 92.4% of respondents reported a gained confidence in performing the surgery, and 62.9% said the video altered how they would perform the surgery in the future. Viewers' ratings of their knowledge (on a 1‐7 Likert scale) of a particular surgical procedure before vs after watching the observed procedure increased significantly for participants at all levels of training—medical students (2.8 before vs 5.4 after, P < .01), residents/fellows (4.8 before vs 5.8 after, P < .0001), and attendings/practicing physicians (5.6 before vs 6.4 after, P < .0001).ConclusionHigh quality online surgical videos appear to be an effective learning tool for surgical trainees and practicing physicians alike. The educational benefit of such tools, as well as their widespread accessibility, makes them a powerful instrument for the training of surgeons worldwide.Level of EvidenceLevel 5.