bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced design of large cavern intersections in soft ground without conventional bar reinforcement
Authors: Laubbichler Jürgen , Schwind Thomas , Gakis Angelos , Sanz Alejandro , Soto Francisco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe design of three mined stations in Toronto as part of the Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Project involved several intersections of large tunnels situated in the heterogenous, water‐bearing glacial till deposits. The most challenging openings, 220 m2 each, were formed in the two sides of the 18 m high cross‐cut tunnels to allow the excavation of the 18 m wide platform caverns. A key objective for the design was the optimization of the tunnel shapes and the advanced simulation of the fibre reinforced shotcrete properties, to allow these openings in the initial tunnel linings to be achieved without conventional bar reinforcement or thickenings, thus simplifying and accelerating the construction, whilst reducing health and safety risks.Advanced numerical analyses were utilized to simulate the staged excavation and support steps introducing advanced material models that accounted for the non‐linear behaviour of both soil and structural elements. The end product was an optimized design of the tunnel linings with synthetic fibre reinforced shotcrete without conventional reinforcement that was successfully implemented in the construction.
Structural design of precast segmental lining reinforced by steel fibres
Authors: Zeuli Vincenzo , Maier Christof , Diaz José Manuel Suarez , Saeed Fahed Ahmed , Tharamapalan Jayapregasham , Germani Carlo , Bayer Lars , Atzl Georg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDubai Municipality awarded to Porr Besix JV the Project for the Main Tunnel component of the Deep Storm Water System. The tunnel will collect both rainwater and groundwater from approximately 500 sq. km and transfer the captured flow to the sea. The Design Builder JV selected COWI as Designer of the entire Project and IC Consultant as Design Checker for the Tunnels. The Project includes approximately 10.3 km of 10‐meter‐inside diameter tunnel in rock, three construction shafts and one drop shaft. The main tunnel will convey stormwater and groundwater flows from the EXPO 2020 area near the intersection of Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed Road and Jebal Ali Lehbab Road to the sea close to the EGA facility. The tunnel will follow beneath the road easement along Jebal Ali Lehbab Road and along Sheikh Zayed Road and continue to the pumping station. The tunnel traversed through the Barzaman and Fars formation with an overburden of 33 m with maximum water pressure of 4.4 bar and was excavated by EPB TBMs. This project is characterized by its dimensions with an internal diameter of 10 m and 350 mm of segment thickness, and by the use of steel fibre reinforced concrete in the precast segmental lining. The use of fibres aims to reduce the CO2 footprint obtaining an optimized design from the environmental point of view. These facts are associated to a complex design of precast segments, in order to ensure their structural competence and their integrity according to the durability requirements, under large thrust forces (temporary loads) and permanent load. Hence, considering such complexities, the structural design has been carried out producing a 3D structural model by means of a sophisticated FEM structural software. Results of the model allow to identify areas of the segment where spalling and bursting stresses are generated along circumferential joints and maximum value of those stresses in the temporary load cases. Moreover, a structural design verification of the segment has been undertaken considering the contribution of steel fibres class 4c, as it is set up in the FIB model code, aiming to ensure that the precast segments are structurally competent and fulfil the durability requirements of the Project. The article details the design approach and the independent checker design verification approach. The experience gained during construction is also reported, describing challenging aspects of the Tunnel execution and an analysis of the lining damages.
On the effect of uncertainty on personal vaccination decisions
Authors: Courbage Christophe , Peter Richard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of ambiguity on personal vaccination decisions. We first characterize the vaccination decision in the absence of ambiguity. We then show that uncertainty about the probability of side effects and the efficacy of the vaccine always reduces take‐up under ambiguity aversion. However, uncertainty about the underlying disease, being the probability of sickness or the probability of a severe course of disease, may either encourage or discourage vaccination. Our results are relevant for policy because reducing uncertainty associated with the vaccine always has the desired effect whereas reducing uncertainty associated with the disease may have unintended consequences.
Association between body mass index and colorectal adenomas: Findings from a case‐control study in Vietnam
Authors: Luu Hung N. , Tran Mo Thi , Nguyen Mai Vu‐Tuyet , Tuong Thuy Thi‐Van , Tran Quang Hong , Le Linh Cu , Pham Huong Thi‐Thu , Ha Hien Thi‐Thu , Shrubsole Martha J. , Cai Qiuyin , Ye Fei , Boffetta Paolo , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Tran Chi Thi‐Du 
Published: August 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer is a leading cancer worldwide and in Vietnam. Adenomas (adenomatous polyps) is an important precursor of colorectal cancer. There is currently no study to determine the modifiable risk factors for colorectal adenomas, including body mass index (BMI) in Vietnam. We conducted an individually matched case‐control study of 1149 colorectal adenomas and 1145 controls in a large‐scale colorectal screening program involving 103 542 individuals aged 40‐75 years old in Hanoi, Vietnam. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between BMI and colorectal adenomas prevalence, after controlling for potential confounders. Overall, comparing to normal weight (ie, 18.5‐22.9 kg/m2), underweight (ie, BMI < 18.5) was associated with a non‐statistically significant increased prevalence of colorectal adenomas (odd ratio [OR] = 1.29 and 95% confident interval [CI]: 0.88‐1.87). This association became significant among male (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.20‐3.27), male who were ever smokers (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.33‐5.03), nonregular exercise (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.26‐4.73) and individuals with cardiometabolic disorders (OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.19‐10.00). The association between underweight and colorectal adenomas did not vary by smoking status, drinking status, family history of cancer, adenomas types or cardiometabolic disorders. No association was observed among obese individuals (BMI ≥ 25). In the population with low prevalence of obesity, we found that the association between BMI and colorectal adenomas followed a reversed J‐shape that underweight was associated with increased prevalence. Further studies are, therefore, warranted to replicate our results and to investigate the biologic mechanism the effect of underweight on colorectal adenomas prevalence.
“My Eyes Move Dynamically”: Inquiring into Adult English Learners’ Reading Through Retrospective Eye Movement Miscue Analysis
Authors: Wang Yang , Arslan‐Ari Ismahan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper investigated two adult English learners’ reading processes of reading informational texts through Retrospective Eye Movement Miscue Analysis (REMMA). The readers read two texts and retold what they read. Their reading was recorded by the Tobii Pro eye tracker. They watched their eye movement video and discussed their miscues and eye movements. The REMMA sessions helped the readers realize their misconception about reading, understand reading is meaning‐making, uncover their strategies, and grow confidence. When readers have illusions about reading, secondary teachers and adult educators could invite them to share their reading views, talk about their reading, and discuss the importance of using images in informational texts.
Contagious switching
Authors: Owyang Michael T. , Piger Jeremy , Soques Daniel 
Published: August 2021

SummaryWe analyze the propagation of recessions across countries using a model with multiple qualitative state variables in a vector autoregression (VAR). The VAR may include country‐level variables to determine whether policy also propagates across countries. We consider versions of the model with observed discrete states or unobserved discrete states, where the latter is inferred from fluctuations in economic data. We apply the model to Canada, Mexico, and the United States to test if spillover effects were similar before and after the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). We find that trade liberalization increased business cycle propagation across the three countries.
Implicit solvation in domain based pair natural orbital coupled cluster (DLPNO‐CCSD) theory
Authors: Garcia‐Ratés Miquel , Becker Ute , Neese Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA nearly linear scaling implementation of coupled‐cluster with singles and doubles excitations (CCSD) can be achieved by means of the domain‐based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) method. The combination of DLPNO‐CCSD with implicit solvation methods allows the calculation of accurate energies and chemical properties of solvated systems at an affordable computational cost. We have efficiently implemented different schemes within the conductor‐like polarizable continuum model (C‐PCM) for DLPNO‐CCSD in the ORCA quantum chemistry suite. In our implementation, the overhead due to the additional solvent terms amounts to less than 5% of the time the equivalent gas phase job takes. Our results for organic neutrals and open‐shell ions in water show that for most systems, adding solvation terms to the coupled‐cluster amplitudes equations and to the energy leads to small changes in the total energy compared to only considering solvated orbitals and corrections to the reference energy. However, when the solute contains certain functional groups, such as carbonyl or nitrile groups, the changes in the energy are larger and estimated to be around 0.04 and 0.02 kcal/mol for each carbonyl and nitrile group in the solute, respectively. For solutes containing metals, the use of accurate CC/C‐PCM schemes is crucial to account for correlation solvation effects. Simultaneously, we have calculated the electrostatic component of the solvation energy for neutrals and ions in water for the different DLPNO‐CCSD/C‐PCM schemes. We observe negligible changes in the deviation between DLPNO‐CCSD and canonical‐CCSD data. Here, DLPNO‐CCSD results outperform those for Hartree‐Fock and density functional theory calculations.
Photoelectrochemical biosensor for lead ion determination based on complementary strand aptamers
Authors: Niu Yanyan , Chen Yuxue , Zhang Xiaoping , Xie Hui , Luo Guiling , Sun Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLead ion causes heavy metal pollution, which can cause serious damage to the ecological environment and human health. In this paper, a simple and sensitive photoelectrochemical method was designed for lead ion detection by using ZnO nanorods as the photoactive substrate and complementary strand aptamers as target recognition element. ZnO nanorods with favorable stability and photoelectric activity can provide a biocompatible microenvironment for aptamer loading. In the presence of lead ion, it would combine with the recognition aptamer S2 by competing with the aptamer S1, which led to changes in surface structure and charge density before and after the recognition of target, causing regular response of photocurrent. The developed method under optimized experimental conditions presented high sensitivity and good selectivity for lead ion detection with low detection limit as 3.5 × 10−11 mol/L. In addition, the proposed strategy was also further applied to the detection of lake water sample, which provided reliable experimental support and basis for further exploration and establishment of complex aptamer recognition and detection system.
Levels of SERPIN family proteins in peri‐implant crevicular fluid in patients with peri‐implantitis
Authors: Jiang Jianhui , Gao Guanglin , Wang Qingmei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeSerine protease inhibitors (SERPINs) family has been discovered in many disorders with proteolysis mechanisms. Our study determined the SERPINBs protein expression via public‐based GEO databases and further validated by peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of peri‐implantitis patients and healthy recruiters.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis. A total of 123 participants of Fujian Medical University Fujian Stomatological Hospital, consisting of 58 cases of peri‐implantitis and 65 samples of healthy control were retrospectively analyzed by ELISA assays and explored the gene enrichment pathways and clinical significance of SERPINBs expression accompanied by two different cytokines (IL‐6 and TNF‐α). Moreover, the clinical significance of SERPINBs was evaluated in peri‐implantitis patients with PICF samples by the receiver operating curve (ROC) using the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsKEGG database showed that Starch and sucrose metabolism, Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, Prion diseases, Pentose phosphate pathways, and Olfactory pathways are up‐regulated; GO database showed that synapse organization, synapse assembly, sequestering of triglyceride, sensory perception of smell, and regulation of synapse organization pathways are up‐regulated. SERPINBs were overexpressed in peri‐implant tissues and peri‐implantitis patients with PICF. SERPINBs was positively correlated to IL‐6 and TNF‐α in peri‐implantitis patients with PICF. The ROC‐AUCs of SERPINBs achieved a significantly higher range from 0.895 to 0.939 in peri‐implantitis patients with PICF. Therefore, certain SERPINBs expressions were not only perceived through PICF and peri‐implant tissues but also showed potential significance in peri‐implantitis.ConclusionSERPINBs play an influential role in the pathogenesis of peri‐implantitis via binding with other inflammatory cytokines.
A study of molybdena catalysts in ethanol oxidation. Part 1. Unsupported and silica‐supportedMoO3
Authors: Pampararo Giovanni , Garbarino Gabriella , Ardoino Niccolò , Riani Paola , Busca Guido 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcetaldehyde is a main organic intermediate for manifold chemical products. In the near future, its production using renewable raw materials is rapidly becoming highly desirable. In this paper, investigations on pure and silica‐supported molybdenum oxide (MoO3) as catalysts for the ethanol oxidative dehydrogenation process to acetaldehyde are reported.ResultsAcicular pure α‐MoO3crystals and silica‐gel supported MoO3(1, 5 and 12% wtMoO3/wtsupport) were prepared by the thermal decomposition method and by incipient wetness impregnation, respectively. Catalysts were studied and extensively characterized assessing structural, morphological and chemical properties. The samples were tested in ethanol oxidative dehydrogenation through Temperature Programmed Surface Reaction (TPSR) and steady‐state measurements. MoO3/SiO2samples were constituted by MoO3particles weakly interacting with the support, but also by some molybdate species entering the silica framework and significantly modifying the silica morphology. High catalyst acidity limits oxydehydrogenation yield, catalyzing the competitive dehydration reaction to ethylene. Thus, the highest obtained acetaldehyde yield was ≈60%. Molybdenum loss by MoO3volatilization was found on MoO3/SiO2.ConclusionThe produced and characterized catalysts are active, and allow quite a high yield to acetaldehyde. Slight deactivation was observed and also investigated. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Adolescent well‐being amid the COVID‐19 pandemic: Are girls struggling more than boys?
Authors: Halldorsdottir Thorhildur , Thorisdottir Ingibjorg Eva , Meyers Caine C. A. , Asgeirsdottir Bryndis Bjork , Kristjansson Alfgeir Logi , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis B. , Allegrante John P. , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDifferential effects of the coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic and associated public restrictions on adolescent girls and boys are emerging but have not been elucidated. This study examined gender differences across broad indicators of adolescent well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Iceland, and explored potential explanations for these differences.MethodsIn total, 523 youth (56.5% girls) born in Iceland in 2004 completed measures on mental health problems (depressive symptoms, anger and suicide attempts) and measures designed for this study to assess broad indicators of adolescent well‐being (e.g., day‐to‐day life, academic performance, family and peer relationships, and mental and physical health) and behavioral changes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Mental health problems during the pandemic were compared to expected scores based on nationwide ratings of same‐aged peers in 2018.ResultsAlthough both boys and girls appeared affected, girls reported a greater negative impact across all the broad indicators of well‐being and behavioral change during COVID‐19 than boys, and their depressive symptoms were above and beyond the expected nationwide scores (t(1514) = 4.80, p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.315). Higher depressive symptoms were associated with increased passive social media use and decreased connecting with family members via telephone or social media among girls, and decreased sleeping and increased online gaming alone among boys. Concern about others contracting COVID‐19, changes in daily and school routines, and not seeing friends in person were among the primary contributors to poor mental health identified by youth, particularly girls.ConclusionsAdolescents were broadly negatively affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic and accompanying restrictions; however, this negative impact was more pronounced in girls. The findings suggest that a steady routine and remaining socially connected may help youth cope with the uncertainty and social restrictions associated with a pandemic. Moreover, healthcare providers, teachers, and other professionals should pay close attention to depressive symptoms among girls during a pandemic.
Prolonged symptom onset to admission time is associated with severe Coronavirus disease: A meta combined propensity‐adjusted analysis
Authors: Guan Yingchao , Chen Chaojin , Guo Anping , Wei Jingru , Cai Jiahui , Han Hua , Hei Ziqing , Tan Haizhu , Li Xiaoyun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with severe COVID‐19 are more likely to develop adverse outcomes with a huge medical burden. We aimed to investigate whether a shorter symptom onset to admission time (SOAT) could improve outcomes of COVID‐19 patients.MethodsA single‐center retrospective study combined with a meta‐analysis was performed. The meta‐analysis identified studies published between 1 December 2019 and 15 April 2020. Additionally, clinical data of COVID‐19 patients diagnosed between January 20 and February 20, 2020, at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China were retrospectively analyzed.SOAT and severity of illness in patients with COVID‐19 were used as effect measures. The random‐effects model was used to analyze the heterogeneity across studies. Propensity score matching was applied to adjust for confounding factors in the retrospective study. Categorical data were compared using Fisher's exact test. We compared the differences in laboratory characteristic varied times using a two‐way nonparametric, Scheirer–Ray–Hare test.ResultsIn a meta‐analysis, we found that patients with adverse outcomes had a longer SOAT (I2 = 39%, mean difference 0.88, 95% confidence interval = 0.47–1.30). After adjusting for confounding factors, such as age, complications, and treatment options, the retrospective analysis results also showed that severe patients had longer SOAT (mean difference 1.13 [1.00, 1.27], p = 0.046). Besides, most biochemical marker levels improved as the hospitalization time lengthened without the effect of disease severity or associated treatment (p < 0.001).ConclusionShortening the SOAT may help reduce the possibility of mild patients with COVID‐19 progressing to severe illness.
Effect of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate on the Wetting Mechanism of Tunliu Coal
Authors: Meng Junqing , Wang Chen , Chen Tianwen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoal dust in the coal mining process may lead to a serious threat to the safety and health of miners. The addition of surfactants during coal seam water infusion can significantly improve the effect of dust suppression, so it is crucial to study the influence mechanism of surfactants on coal wettability. The variation of the hydration film thickness on the Tunliu coal surface at different concentrations of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) solution was investigated by atomic force microscopy. The experimental results indicate that the hydration film thickness increases initially and decreases afterward with the SDBS solution concentration increase, with a maximum value of 11.4 nm. The surface free energy (SFE) of coal molecules adsorbed with different numbers of SDBS molecules were calculated using two coal molecule cell models developed by Materials studio 8.0, and the simulation results display a good agreement with the experiments. The higher the SFE, the greater the hydration film thickness on the coal surface, and the stronger the enhancement effect of SDBS solution on the wettability of coal at the corresponding concentration. The interface formation energy (IFE) and cohesive energy density (CED) of coal molecules after adsorption of SDBS molecules were calculated separately. It was found that when three SDBS molecules were adsorbed, the absolute value of IFE and CED reached the maximum, and each SDBS molecule had the strongest average effect on coal molecules, the bond between them would be tighter. SFE simulations are helpful to optimize the selection of surfactants for practical engineering applications.
The pesticide residue analysis in commodities with high content of chlorophyll based on the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method: A review
Authors: Pszczolińska Klaudia , Kociołek Barbara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn multiresidue analysis, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) is one of the most popular techniques routinely used by researchers during pesticide analysis of food and vegetable samples. Originally, the QuEChERS method was developed for analysis of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, but rapidly gained popularity in the extraction of analytes from different matrices. This analytical approach shows several advantages over traditional extraction techniques: it requires lower sample and solvent amounts while shortening the time of sample preparation. However, it presents some limitations for complex matrices such as those containing high amounts of chlorophyll. To overcome the problem of strong matrix effect and influence of interferences, different approaches are applied. Most are concerning modifications of the cleanup step, that is, sorbent type and its amount. Optimization of other parameters, such as sample size, hydration level, extraction solvent, and buffering, also has an impact on overall performance. Combining proper sample preparation with modern highly sensitive and selective detection techniques enables receiving desired limits of quantification. This article presents an overview of strategies employed by researchers for analysis of green, high chlorophyll content commodities and results obtained in their studies.