bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma at Two Quaternary Hospitals in Mozambique in 2016
Authors: Fortes Nádia Armindo Henriques , Yohannan Prem 
Published: May 2021

Background: Our objective was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of maxillofacial trauma in patients attended to at the Maputo Central and Nampula Central hospitals in 2016.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study based on clinical records of all patients with maxillofacial trauma who attended consultations or were admitted to wards of the maxillofacial surgery services from January to December 2016. Statistical tests looking for significance levels of 5% were performed in SPSS.
Results: Trauma accounted for 482 (35.65%) patients treated at the central hospitals of Maputo and Nampula: of these patients 373 (77.4%) fell in the 15–44-year age group, 363 (75.31%) were male, and 430 (89.21%) were ethnically African. Most patients (259 or 53.77%) treated at these hospitals were outpatients. The most frequent cause of trauma (albeit without statistical significance) wasphysical violence. The lower floor of the face was more frequently involved (279 or 57.88%), and the most common treatment was closed reduction (238 or 49.38%).
Conclusion: The characteristic clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with maxillofacial trauma is mainly fractures of the lower floor of the face. These types of injuries are usually severe, and developing preventative and multidisciplinary conducts and treatment protocols for these patients is imperative.
Keywords: Epidemiological profile, Maxillofacial trauma, Mozambique
Effets de l’incorporation de la biomasse d’azolla (Azolla pinnata) séchée dans les rations du poulet en aviculture traditionnelle améliorée
Authors: Ouedraogo Bansé , Nikiema Zara S. , Zoundi Jean Sibiri , Sawadogo Laya 
Published: May 2021

L’objectif de ce travail est de rechercher une voie alternative d’amélioration de l’alimentation et de la productivité avicole au Burkina Faso. L’étude vise à évaluer les effets de l’incorporation de la farine d’Azolla pinnata dans la ration alimentaire sur les performances de croissance des poulets de chair. Pour ce faire, une expérience a été conduite pendant 56 jours avec 120 poussins de chair âgés de 21 jours afin d’évaluer l’effet de l’incorporation de la farine d’Azolla pinnata comme ingrédient alimentaire dans la ration de poulets de chair. Le soja torréfié utilisé comme témoin a été substitué partiellement par la farine d’A.pinnata à des taux de 0, 3 et 6% correspondant à trois traitements alimentaires R0, R1, R2. A la fin de l’essai, une augmentation du poids des sujets avec les apports croissants d’A. pinnata dans les rations (R1 et R2) a été observée même si elle n’a pas été significative. Les indices de consommation n’étaient pas significativement différents. L’incorporation n’a engendré aucun effet néfaste sur le rendement carcasse des sujets nourris à base de la farine d’Azolla en comparaison aux sujets témoins. La substitution partielle du soja torréfié par la farine d’Azolla aux taux de 3% et 6% a entraîné une diminution des coûts alimentaires par kg de poids vif de poulet.Mots clés : Aviculture traditionnelle améliorée, Azolla pinnata, poussins hybrides, performance de croissance.

English Title: Effects of incorporating dried azolla (Azolla pinnata) biomass in chicken rations in improved traditional poultry farmingThe objective of this work is to look for an alternative way to improve poultry feed and productivity in Burkina Faso. The study aims to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of Azolla pinnata meal in the feed ration on the growth performance of broilers. To this end, a 56-day experiment was conducted with 120 21-day-old broiler chicks to evaluate the effect of incorporating Azolla pinnata meal as a feed ingredient in the broiler ration. The roasted soybean used as a control was partially substituted with A. pinnata meal at levels of 0, 3 and 6% corresponding to three feed treatments R0, R1, R2. At the end of the trial, an increase in the weight of the subjects with increasing A. pinnata intakes in the rations (R1 and R2) was observed, although it was not significant. The consumption indices were not significantly different. Incorporation had no adverse effect on carcass yield in subjects fed Azolla meal compared to control subjects. Partial substitution of roasted soybean with Azolla meal at 3% and 6% resulted in lower feed costs per kg live weight of chicken.
Keywords: Improved traditional poultry farming, Azolla pinnata, hybrid chicks, growth performance.
Lead concentrations in sediments and mollusc gastropod from Vridi Canal, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue , Kouassi N’guessan Louis Berenger , Kouassi Edmond Konan , Trokourey Albert , Yao Benjamin Kouassi , Adouby Kopoin 
Published: May 2021

Lead (Pb) is one of the most frequent and toxic contaminant in the environment. It can be bioaccumulated by marine organisms through contaminated sediments as well as their food chains. The current study aimed at investigating Pb occurrence in the sediments and gastropod P. haemastostoma from Vridi Canal. Sediment samples were taken using a Van Veen steel grab of 0.02 m2 area, sealed in plastic bags and transported to the laboratory at 4 °C. Gastropod P. haemastostoma species were collected manually using gloves, and then placed in polyethylene plastic bags. The different concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer Varian AA 20. The results showed seasonal variability of Pb concentrations in sediments and P. haemastostoma. In the both matrices, Pb exhibited the same trend in the distribution between the seasons. This study also mentioned that sediments were highly contaminated by Pb (54.27-134.71 mg/kg). Vridi Canal was found to be one of the most contaminated seaport area. Pb levels (49.55-104.19 mg/kg) in P. haemastostoma exceeding the maximum permitted levels according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This research demonstrated that sediments having lower ecological risk may be resulting in lower tissue Pb of P. haemastostoma.
Keywords: Metal Pb, sediment, P. haemastostoma, seasonal variation
Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA) determination of mercury distribution in the sediments of lake Nokoué in Benin Republic-West Africa
Authors: Azon N.B. Nadia , Hounkpe Peace , Adounkpe Julien G. , Degila Hermione W. , Aina Martin P. 
Published: May 2021

Mercury pollution of water bodies constitutes a hazard to both the aquatic life and the populations consuming fishery products. To anticipate the probable eco-toxicological risks that may arise from the largest lake in southern Benin, the present work aims at assessing the mercury status of the sediments of Lake Nokoué, while identifying the areas exposed to anthropogenic mercury contamination. 45 sites were sampled according to a grid plan covering the entire ecosystem of the lake. Employing a Van Veen grab, surface sediments are collected at a depth from 0 to 5 cm in three catches at each site. The composite samples formed at equal mass on the three portions were frozen, lyophilized at - 40 °C, crushed, sieved and homogenized. Fraction less than 63 µm was collected for the mercury content determination by Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA) operating by atomic absorption according to the US EPA 7473 method. The mercury concentration varies from 1.56 µg/kg to 164.88 µg/kg with an average value of 35.18 µg per kg of sediment. The south-eastern zone of the lake is more concentrated in mercury with a summation of the mercury content of 530.3 µg/kg of sediment. However, the lake has moderate contamination overall (1 ≤ FC ≤ 3).
Keywords: Pollution, contamination, mercury, sediment, Lake Nokoué.
Evaluation of resource-use efficiency among rice farmers in Katcha Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Muhammed Y. , Ojo M.A. , Abdullahi A. , Ajayi O.J. , Jibrin S. , Loko A.I. 
Published: May 2021

This study evaluated resources–use efficiency among rice farmers in Katcha Local Government Area (LGA) of Niger State, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to; describe socio-economic characteristics of the rice farmers, determine the production inputs influencing rice output, resource–use efficiency in rice production and identify constraints associated with rice production. Two-stage sampling procedure was used for selection of 88 rice farmers on which questionnaire was administered. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression model and resource – use efficiency ratio. Results of the analysis revealed that 76.2% of the respondents were males, while 93.2% were married. The mean age, farming experience and household size of the respondents was 46 years, 23 years and 11 people, respectively. The multiple regression analysis result showed that double-log with R2 value of 0.9571 was chosen as lead equation and farmland (4.83, p<0.01), labour (2.34, p<0.05), seeds (4.04, p<0.01) and fertilizer (3.46, p<0.01) had positive coefficients and statistically significant. The efficiency ratio of resources-use in rice production showed that farm size (15.71) was under-utilized, while labour (0.001), seeds (0.554) and fertilizer (0.056) were over-utilized. Major constraints of rice production identified were inadequate training on resources usage (94.3%), followed by problem of pest and diseases (84.1%) and problem of storage facilities (81.8%). These problems ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively. In conclusion, the production inputs were not efficiently utilized by the rice farmers. It was therefore recommended that, extension agents should educate farmers about relevant farm management skills in order to optimally utilize resources in rice production.
Keywords: Resource-use efficiency, Rice farmers, Inputs, Production
Evaluation of the Impacts of Taurine on Oxidative Stress Indices in Sera and Brain of Rats Exposed to Cypermethrin
Authors: Akande M.G. , Okoronkwo S.M. , Abalaka S.E. , Idoko S.I. , Ubah S.A. , Abah K.O. , Akumka D.D. , Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2021

Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide applied for pest control on animals and the environment. Taurine is a putative antioxidant and bioprotective amino acid. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the impacts of taurine on oxidative stress indices in the sera and brains of rats exposed to cypermethrin. Forty rats were assigned to five groups of eight rats each. Distilled water was given to the first group, while the second group received soya oil (2 ml/kg). Cypermethrin (20 mg/kg) was administered to the third group. The Taurine50+Cypermethrin group received taurine (50 mg/kg) and cypermethrin, while the Taurine100+Cypermethrin group was administered with taurine (100 mg/kg) and Cypermethrin. The treatments were given once daily by oral gavage for 35 days. Sera were obtained from the blood samples of the rats after the completion of the study for the determination of the oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde concentration and the activities of antioxidant enzymes). Oxidative stress indices were analysed in the brains. Taurine significantly (P< 0.05) augmented the superoxide dismutase activity in the sera. However, other oxidative stress indices were not ameliorated by taurine in the sera and the brains. Cypermethrin (20 mg/kg) did not overtly evoke oxidative stress in the sera and the brains of the rats in this study, probably because it is a moderately toxic insecticide. This is the first study that has investigated the effects of taurine on cypermethrin toxicity. Further research is warranted to expound the mechanisms of action of taurine and cypermethrin in biological systems.
Keywords: Taurine, Cypermethrin, Serum, Brain, Oxidative Stres
Effect of Plant Population Density and Methods of Weed Control on The Yield of Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) in Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Mustapha A.B. , Felix T. , Tashiwa M.C. , Gworgwor N.A. 
Published: May 2021

Field experiments were conducted at Yola and Garkida in Adamawa State, North-Eastern Nigeria during the 2017 rainy season. In the Yola location the experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, and in Garkida it was conducted at Garkida village in Gombi Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The experiment was designed to study the effect of plant population density and methods of weed control on the yield of pepper (Capsicum annum L.). The treatments consist of three spacings, 25 x 30cm, 35 x 40cm and 45 x 50cm with four (4) different herbicides rates (No herbicide, pyrithiobac sodium 65.5kg a.i/ha, pendimethalin 1kg a.i/ha + pyrithiobac sodium 65.5kg a.i/ha and Haloxyfop 108g a.i/ha + hand hoe weeding. The experimental design was a split-plot design replicated three times. Spacing was assigned to the main plot while methods of weed control as subplots. Parameters measured were weed density, number of pepper fruits per plot, and fruit yield per hectare. All data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) appropriate to the split-plot design. The results of the experiment showed that herbicide pyrthiobac sodium 65.5kg a.i/ha recorded the highest number of fruit per plot of 72.4 while herbicide haloxyfop 108g a.i/ha followed by hand weeding recorded the least number of fruits of 50.1. The result of the experiment shows that there was a significant effect on spacing in both locations. Concerning yield per hectare spacing 25x30cm obtained the highest yield per hectare of 945kg in Garkida, while the least was from the Yola location which recorded 537kg. It was concluded that pepper yield depends on the proper spacing and proper use of herbicide which will suppress weed and increase yield significantly.
Keyword: Weed Density, Weed Control, Yield, Pepper
Microbiological Evaluation of some Oral Antacid Suspensions Sold in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Anie C.O. , Okafo S.E. 
Published: May 2021

Pharmaceutical products (non-sterile) are faced with the challenges of not exceeding the minimum limit of microbial presence tolerated for the respective formulations. Antacid suspensions which are multi-dose drug products that are utilized in the neutralization of gastric acid. This drug with neutral pH makes them to be liable to microbial contamination. This study was conducted to evaluate antacid suspensions marketed in Delta State, Nigeria based on their microbial quality. Six different brands of antacid suspensions were collected from different Pharmacies in Delta state and were analysed microbiologically to isolate and quantify the implicated bacteria and fungi using conventional cultural and biochemical techniques. The microbiological evaluation of these samples was determined using the agar-well diffusion method. Five out of the six brands evaluated were found to be populated with a hugenumber of bacteria (2.5 x 102 to > 2.2 x 102 CFU/ml) and fungi (2 x 102 to 8 x 102 CFU/ml). Staphylococcus aureus was absent in any of the antacids brands studied. However, there were presence of objectionable microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in three of the six brands. The results of this study reveal the microbial contamination level of some of the antacid (suspensions) marketed in Delta State which may be due to poor adherence to current good manufacturing practice by the manufacturers.
Keywords: Antacid suspensions, Microorganisms, Microbiological quality, Brands.
Effect of Two Blanching Methods on the Nutritional Values of Tomatoes and Pumpkin Leaves
Authors: Sunmonu M.O. , Odewole M.M. , Ajala E.O. , Sani R.O.A. , Ogunbiyi A.O. 
Published: May 2021

Various blanching methods were applied to tomatoes and pumpkin leaves (Telfairia occidentalis) to investigate the effect of the different blanching method on some of its nutritional content. The effects of steam and water blanching as a pretreatment on raw tomatoes and pumpkin leaves (control) were investigated in this study using standard methods. For tomatoes, the %nitrogen, potassium, vitamin A, C and E) mg/100g for raw were;0.48, 68.82mg/100g, 0.88mg/100g, 38.82mg/100g, 0.78mg/100g respectively. 0.45, 69.68mg/100g, 0.58mg/100g, 32.43mg/100g and 0.55mg/100g for water blanched respectively and 0.42, 69.14mg/100g, 0.47mg/100g, 29.66mg/100g, 0.42mg/100g respectively for steam blanching. * For pumpkin leaves, the %nitrogen, potassium, vitamin A, C and E) mg/100g for raw were; 0.98, 46.82mg/100g, 4.63mg/100g, 60.41mg/100g, 0.89mg/100g respectively. 0.95, 46.73mg/100g, 2.38mg/100g,41.08mg/100g and 0.59mg/100g for water blanched respectively and 0.94, 46.10mg/100g, 1.20mg/100g, 32.16mg/100g, 0.52mg/100g respectively for steam blanching. The results indicate that water and steam blanching significantly reduce the nutritional content. The values of the nutrient were higher in water blanching compared to steam blanching.
Keywords: Fruits, vegetable, steam, water, blanching
Assessment of Cassava Processing Techniques on the Livelihood of Agro-Forestry Farmers in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeleye A.S. , Omoghie E.S. , Yusuf A.S. , Ojedokun C.A. , Ibikunle K.Y. 
Published: May 2021

: Post harvest losses resulting from inadequate processing have been one of the problems affecting farmers’ income. This study was carried out to examine the contribution of cassava processing techniques on the livelihood of agroforestry farmers in Edo state. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 125 respondents which served as sample size for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results showed that 90.4% were aware of the cassava processing techniques such as the peeling, slicing, grating, sieving and frying machines. Furthermore, majority of the farmers agreed that the processing techniques were effectively in increasing productivity and 45.6% of the farmers had an increase in their annual income of up to N200,000. All the farmers attested that their income increased thus resulting in an increase in their livelihood. Chi-square results (p > 0.05) revealed that there was no significant relationship between the personal characteristics of the farmers and the constraints faced in the utilization ofthe technique. Results of correlation showed that there was a significant relationship between the processing techniques and the constraints faced in the utilization of techniques. Thus, it was recommended thatthe technologies be made simple for effective utilization in order to increase productivity
Keywords: Agroforestry, Processing, Livelihood, Techniques, Utilization
Bioaccumulated trace metal profiles of Tympanotonus fuscatus, Periophthalmus barbarous and Guinearma (Sesarma) alberti collected from a perturbed freshwater mangrove swamp in Warri, Nigeria
Authors: Odigie O. , Olomukoro J.O. 
Published: May 2021

Bio –concentrated levels of trace metals; Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in three (3) freshwater mangrove fauna; Tympanotonus fuscatus (periwinkle), Periophthalmus barbarous (mudskipper) and Guinearma (Sesarma) alberti (West African Sesarmid Crab) was investigated utilizng atomic absorbance spectrophotometery. Faunal sampling was conducted at five (5) sites in the Falcorp wetland area of Warri, Delta State, once monthly for an eighteen (18) month period. Maximal mean Fe and Zn values; 349.7 9 µg/g, dried wt ±15.64 and 16.92 µg/g, dried wt ±1.65 were recorded for the respective mudskipper and crab samples while minimal mean Fe and Zn values; 124.14 µg/g, dried wt ±7.85 and 7.71 µg/g, dried wt ± 0.96 were documented for the digested periwinkle tissues. The differences in the mean Fe, Zn, Cu and Cd values was siginificantly different at different levels (P<0.001, P <0.01 and P<0.05). The detection of significant bioconcentration of these metals especially Cd, is a possible indication of the wide reaching deletrious ecological effects of anthropogenic activities in the affected area.
Keywords: Falcorp mangrove swamp, Bioaccumulation, Trace metal, benthic bio-indicator
Perceived Values of the Potentials of Mountains and Hills for the Development of Tourism in Ekiti State Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Agbebi P.A. , Ogunjinmi A.A. , Oyeleke O.O. , Adetola B.O. 
Published: May 2021

: This study examined the perceived values of the potentials of mountains and hills for the development in Ekiti State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 500 respondents from community residents and 384 visitors while questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentages, and means, while inferential statistical tools such as t-test, Chi-square, correlation coefficient and regression were used to test the hypotheses. The results of the hypotheses showed that there was statistically significant difference between the way community residents and visitors perceived the values of mountains and hills tourism development in Ekiti State in terms of non-use value (t=5.06**, p<0.01), recreation value (t=6.63**, p<0.01), intrinsic value (t=8.68**, p<0.01), use value (t=2.77**, p<0.01). The implication of the study is that the development of mountains and hills tourism in these communities will create both positive and negative responses arising from their varied opinions which will help to shape the entire structure and its future growth and development. It was recommended that the government of Ekiti should partner with the interested individuals and private sectors to develop mountains and hills in Ekiti communities so as to give tourism a jolt to prominence.
Keywords: Communities, Visitors, non-use, recreation, intrinsic, use
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) Juice Inhibits Key Carbohydrate Metabolising Enzymes Associated With Type II Diabetes
Authors: Oboh H.A. , Obayiuwana O.A. , Aihie E.O. , Iyayi J.I. , Udoh E.J. 
Published: May 2021

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) is a root tuber belonging to the Amaranthaceae family, which has recently become popular in Nigeria. The reddish purplish tuber and green leaves are usually eaten by boiling, roasting and the raw tuber can be made into juice. This study was carried out to investigate the in vitro ability of aqueous freeze-dried beetroot juice to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) by spectrophotometric methods. The percentage inhibition and its half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by beetroot juice with starch revealed that beetroot juice inhibited α-amylase (26%-73%; IC50 = 1.78 ± 0.13 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (53%-85%; IC50 = 0.77 ± 0.14 mg/mL) in a dose dependent manner. This was compared with the positive control acarbose which inhibited α-amylase (IC50 = 0.18 ± 0.02 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.22 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Beetroot juice may possess hypoglycemic effects and through these inhibitory mechanisms, it could be used as an adjuvant in the management of hyperglycemia and diabetes.
Keywords: Beetroot juice, carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase, α-glucosidase.