bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastretchable Thermo‐ and Mechanochromic Fiber with Healable Metallic Conductivity
Authors: Sin Dongho , Singh Vijay K. , Bhuyan Priyanuj , Wei Yuwen , Lee Hye‐Min , Kim Byung‐Joo , Park Sungjune 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work demonstrates a facile way to fabricate ultrastretchable thermo‐ and mechanochromic fiber with healable metallic conductivity. Thermochromic hollow elastic fiber is prepared by using silicone composite with thermochromic pigment. Once the fiber forms, gallium‐based liquid metal is injected into the fiber. The composite fiber with liquid metal core shows uniform color change along the fiber by applying Joule heating through the liquid metal wire. The fiber with multiple thermochromic pigment locally distributed along the fiber shows serial color change by increased current. The healable conductivity of the metal core is demonstrated by restoring electrical conductivity near room temperature. When it is in a solid state, the wire can fracture during deformation, thus the wire loses conductivity. However, upon body heating, the wire can rewire, because of the low melting point of the metal (gallium, 29.8 °C). This healing ability of the metal core can allow the fiber to have healable thermochromic behavior. Stretching a liquid metal wire can change the geometry of the wires, resulting in a color change because of increased resistance while Joule heating is applied. This thermo‐ and mechanochromic fiber with liquid metal core would find use in wearable and conformal electronics, electronic textiles, and soft robotics.
Unraveling the Catalytic Activity of Fe–Based Compounds toward Li2Sx in Li–S Chemical System from d–p Bands
Authors: Shen Jiadong , Xu Xijun , Liu Jun , Wang Zuosen , Zuo Shiyong , Liu Zhengbo , Zhang Dechao , Liu Jiangwen , Zhu Min 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries have ultra–high energy density and are considered to be one of the most promising energy storage systems among all battery systems. However, due to various thorny problems, their commercial production has not yet been realized. The current experimental research normally lacks a systematic investigation into the conversion mechanism of the sulfur cathode from the electronic structure level. Actually, there is still a lack of powerful theoretical guidance for the design of high–performance Li–S batteries and the selection of modified materials still seems blind. In this article, with the chelated Fe‐polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the precursor, a series of Fe–based materials (e.g., Fe3O4@C, FeS@C, Fe3N@C) are synthesized as modified layers for battery separators, and the performance differences between them are systematically studied. It is found that the d–p band center model developed based on the d band center can reasonably combine the reaction potential of Li2S4 and performance differences. Simultaneously, the interaction between Li2S6 and the adsorption interface is simulated by ab initio molecular dynamics. This current work sheds light on promising material design for superior Li–S batteries both from a theoretical and experimental perspective.
Dimensionality, Function and Performance of Carbon Materials in Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Xiao Jing , Han Junwei , Zhang Chen , Ling Guowei , Kang Feiyu , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCarbon materials show their importance in electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices as key components of electrodes, such as active materials, conductive additives and buffering frameworks. To meet the requirements of vastly developing markets related to EES, especially for electric vehicles and large scale energy storage, the rational design of functional carbon materials with the basis of a deep understanding of the structure‐property relationships is demanded, in which dimensionality variations and hybridizations of the carbon materials play critical roles in improving electrochemical performances of EES devices. This review focuses on the dimensionality manipulation in functional carbon materials, including transition, matching and integration, to optimize the reaction space, interface and framework in electrodes, respectively. This review gives a comprehensive review on how the dimensionality manipulation improves performance of the carbon‐based electrodes in kinetics optimization, electron transfer acceleration, mechanical stabilization and thermal dissipation upon charging/discharging. The report ends with a critical perspective on the future challenges facing carbon‐based electrodes with dimensionality dependence. The progress highlighted here is expected to provide a guidance for the precise design and targeted synthesis of dimensionality varied carbon‐based electrode materials towards safe and high performance EES devices and the resulting optimized energy deployments.
Bioinspired, Tree‐Root‐Like Interfacial Designs for Structural Batteries with Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Jin Tianwei , Ma Yirui , Xiong Zechen , Fan Xiaoyu , Luo Yu , Hui Zeyu , Chen Xi , Yang Yuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStructural batteries are attractive for weight reduction in vehicles, such as cars and airplanes, which requires batteries to have both excellent mechanical properties and electrochemical performance. This work develops a scalable and feasible tree‐root‐like lamination at the electrode/separator interface, which effectively transfers load between different layers of battery components and thus dramatically enhances the flexural modulus of pouch cells from 0.28 to 3.1 GPa. The underlying mechanism is also analyzed by finite element simulations. Meanwhile, the interfacial lamination has a limited effect on the electrochemical performance of Li‐ion cells. A graphite/LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 full cell with such interfacial lamination delivers a steady discharge capacity of 148.6 mAh g−1 at C/2 and 95.5% retention after 500 cycles. Moreover, the specific energy only decreases by 3%, which is the smallest reduction reported so far in structural batteries. A prototype of “electric wings” is also demonstrated, which allows an aircraft model to fly steadily. This work illustrates that engineering interfacial adhesion is an effective and scalable approach to develop structural batteries with excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties.
Near‐term challenges for global agriculture: Herbicide‐resistant weeds
Authors: Clay Sharon A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrior to the 1950s, weeds were controlled by a wide variety of mechanical and cultural methods with limited use of inorganic chemicals at very high rates (100s kg ha–1). With the advent of selective carbon‐based herbicides in the 1950s, herbicide weed management became the norm throughout much of the world, using grams to a few kilograms of active ingredient per hectare. However, with the benefits, there are problems. A few resistant weeds were recognized in the 1970s, but in 2021, 521 unique cases of resistance have been documented throughout the world. It is imperative for farmers to rethink the herbicide paradigm and for researchers to explore and provide alternative weed management methods so that today's herbicides maintain efficacy and benefits into the future. Near‐term management strategies include going back to more integrated approaches, using mechanical techniques, and linking to new technologies to hit weeds with “many little hammers” rather than the “sledge hammer” of one or multiple herbicides.
Flexible dielectric ZnO‐doped reduced graphene oxide bionanocomposites from solution blending for potential application in bio‐related devices
Authors: Gouvêa Rodrigo Ferreira , Ferreira Willian Hermogenes , Souto Loan Filipi Calheiros , Gonçalves Raquel Pires , Soares Bluma Guenther , Andrade Cristina Tristão 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiocompatible materials with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss have applications in bio‐related electronic devices. Development of flexible materials with those properties is still a challenge. In this work, electrospun membranes and films are prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (CS) solutions, incorporated with a reduced graphene oxide‐zinc oxide composite (rGO‐ZnO). Blending CS with flexible PVA favors electrospinnability and mechanical properties. ZnO contributes to hinder agglomeration of conductive rGO sheets. The structural, mechanical, dielectric and electrical properties of the hybrid materials are investigated. Infrared spectroscopy reveals interaction between the filler and the polymeric components. For mats and films, the increase in rGO‐ZnO content leads to lower crystallinity. The Young's modulus and stress at break values increase with increasing rGO‐ZnO content. High dielectric constants (ε' = 132 to ε' = 166, at 103 Hz), associated with low dielectric loss factor (tan δ = 0.02), are determined for the PVA/CS/rGO‐ZnO films.
Genre analysis of movies using a topic model of plot summaries
Authors: Matthews Paul , Glitre Kathrina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenre plays an important role in the description, navigation, and discovery of movies, but it is rarely studied at large scale using quantitative methods. This allows an analysis of how genre labels are applied, how genres are composed and how these ingredients change, and how genres compare. We apply unsupervised topic modeling to a large collection of textual movie summaries and then use the model's topic proportions to investigate key questions in genre, including recognizability, mapping, canonicity, and change over time. We find that many genres can be quite easily predicted by their lexical signatures and this defines their position on the genre landscape. We find significant genre composition changes between periods for westerns, science fiction and road movies, reflecting changes in production and consumption values. We show that in terms of canonicity, canonical examples are often at the high end of the topic distribution profile for the genre rather than central as might be predicted by categorization theory.
Relational capital, environmental knowledge integration, and environmental performance of small and medium enterprises in emerging markets
Authors: Zahoor Nadia , Gerged Ali Meftah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough several prior studies have examined associations between firm social capital and environmental sustainability, the links between relational resources (i.e., relational capital and ties strength), environmental knowledge integration, and environmental performance have yet to be well established at the micro‐level. This study, therefore, aims to determine (1) how environmental knowledge integration serves as a mediating mechanism for the relationship between relational capital and environmental performance and (2) how this impact differs at different levels of ties strength. A quantitative approach has been adopted to examine the main hypotheses using a structural equation model (SEM) technique. Two groups of actors were surveyed, including chief executive officers (CEOs) and financial officers of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In total, 216 survey responses were gathered, suggesting a response rate of 73.22%. Our findings suggest that environmental knowledge integration is a vital mediating mechanism for the relationship between relational capital and SMEs' environmental performance. Also, we find that ties strength moderates the indirect effect of relational capital on SMEs' environmental performance via environmental knowledge integration. Our empirical evidence provides recommendations for SMEs' managers and policymakers to promote environmental sustainability in the emerging market context.
Does the BuRN‐Tool Score Correctly Predict Cases of Maltreatment in Children Referred for a Child Protection Medical Assessment?
Authors: Evans Eleanor J. , Bennett C. Verity , Hollén Linda , Nuttall Diane , Kemp Alison , Mullen Stephen 
Published: May 2021

The BuRN‐Tool is a clinical prediction tool designed to indicate child protection (CP) concerns for children attending the emergency department with a burn. Eight weighted factors contribute to a summative score between 0 and 12, a score ≥3 indicates a CP concern. In order to test agreement of the BuRN‐Tool score with CP concern and with the social care CP outcome, it was applied retrospectively to 52 children referred for a CP medical evaluation following a burn. Data were collected from case notes using a purpose‐designed proforma and a score calculated for each. Outcomes were classified as ‘maltreatment‐probable’ (‘physical abuse’ or ‘neglect’) or ‘maltreatment‐unlikely’, according to social care CP outcomes. The BuRN‐Tool correctly identified 49/52 (94.2%) as a CP concern, with scores significantly higher in ‘maltreatment‐probable’ (n = 17) than ‘maltreatment‐unlikely’ cases (n = 35, p = 0.01). Scores for ‘maltreatment‐unlikely’ were lower (median [IQR]: 5 [4–7]) than for maltreatment likely for ‘physical abuse’ cases (median [IQR]: 8 [7–9]; p = 0.005). ‘Maltreatment unlikely’ scores did not differ from ‘neglect’ scores (median [IQR]: 7 [5–7]; p = 0.14), a non‐parametric trend test confirmed a significant increase in scores across the three ordered groups (p = 0.003). The BuRN‐Tool is not a diagnostic, but a screening tool. Consistent with their referral for a CP evaluation, the majority of children scored >3 on the BuRN‐Tool. However, for children where ‘maltreatment was probable’ the BuRN‐Tool scores were higher.Key Practitioner Messages

The BuRN‐Tool correctly classified 49/52 children who were referred to a CP medical team with a CP concern for assessment following a burn.
Cases with an outcome of ‘maltreatment‐probable’ had a significantly higher BuRN‐Tool score than those where maltreatment was deemed unlikely.
The highest BuRN‐Tool scores had the potential to distinguish injuries caused by physical abuse from those where maltreatment was unlikely.
Outflow graft obstruction in patients with theHM3LVAD: A percutaneous approach
Authors: Milwidsky Assi , Alvarez Villela Miguel , Wiley Jose , Sanina Cristina , Patel Snehal R. , Sutton Nicole , Latib Azeem , Sims Daniel B. , Forest Stephen J. , Shin Julia J. , Farooq Muhammad U. , Goldstein Daniel J. , Jorde Ulrich P 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of the HeartMate 3 (HM3) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is expanding. Despite being associated with lower rates of adverse events and increased survival, outflow graft obstruction (OGO) has been reported in patients with HM3. The incidence and best management of this serious complication remain unclear.MethodsWe describe six cases of HM3 OGO occurring in five patients in our institutional HM3 cohort. Four cases underwent computed tomography angiography and in two percutaneous angiography was directly performed to confirm the diagnosis. In four cases, percutaneous repair of the OG was performed using common interventional cardiology (IC) techniques.ResultsOur institutional incidence of OGO was 7% (event rate of 0.05 per patient year); much higher than the previously reported incidence of 1.6%. All cases occurred in the bend relief covered segment. Only two patients had apparent OG twisting, and in two, OGO occurred despite placement of an anti‐twist clip at the time of implant. External compression seems to play a role in most cases.Balloon “graftoplasty” and stent deployment via the femoral artery alleviated the obstruction and normalized LVAD flow in all patients who underwent percutaneous repair. The use of self‐expanding stents allowed for downsizing of the procedural access site to 10 Fr. No serious procedure‐related complications occurred.ConclusionOGO is common in HM3 patients, external compression due to biomaterial accumulated surrounding the OG is a common etiology. Percutaneous repair using standard IC techniques is safe and feasible in cases of compression with or without partial twisting.
Adjuvant cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 inhibition in hormone receptor–positive breast cancer: One Monarch to rule them all?
Authors: Dhakal Ajay , Falkson Carla , O’Regan Ruth M. 
Published: May 2021

The use of cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors has dramatically improved outcomes for patients with metastatic, hormone receptor (HR)–positive breast cancer. Because of the continued high rate of relapse in patients with node‐positive, HR‐positive disease, evaluating these agents in the adjuvant setting is the logical next step. Three adjuvant CDK inhibitor trials have been reported to date, with only 1 of them showing a statistical advantage for the CDK inhibitor in comparison with endocrine therapy alone. These trials have key similarities and differences that could explain the disparate results. The one positive trial has a relatively short follow‐up, and continued analysis is critical to confirm the benefit of adjuvant CDK inhibition in this setting. It is imperative that predictive biomarkers be determined so that these agents can be used in the patients most likely to benefit and thus the additional toxicity and expense can be avoided in those who do not require these agents.Lay Summary

There is a critical need for new agents to prevent relapse in patients with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer.

Trials to date evaluating cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors, which decrease how quickly cancer cells multiply, have shown mixed results, with only 1 trial demonstrating that these agents decrease recurrence.
Cobalt‐Sputtered Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membrane for Efficient Photothermal CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Lou Deyue , Xu Ao‐Bo , Fang Yaosi , Cai Mujin , Lv Kangxiao , Zhang Dake , Wang Xiao , Huang Yang , Li Chaoran , He Le 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe rational design of nanoarray‐structured catalysts is an accessible way to increase light absorption ability and boost photothermal CO2 conversion efficiency. However, practical application of current nanoarrays is hindered by complex synthesis procedures, high costs, and low catalyst yields. Herein, we report a simple, robust method to prepare efficient photothermal catalyst by sputtering Co nanoparticles on commercial anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. The detailed study shows that gas diffusion and catalytic activity can be affected by AAO structures, such as channel size and shape. The optimized Co@dpAAO catalyst reached a record Co‐based photothermal CO2 conversion rate of 1666 mmol ⋅ gCo−1 ⋅ h−1. This study not only provides a facile way to synthesize efficient catalysts, but also promotes the understanding of constructing nanoarray‐based photothermal catalysts.
Interactive virtual reality assessment of aggressive social information processing in boys with behaviour problems: A pilot study
Authors: Verhoef Rogier E. J. , van Dijk Anouk , Verhulp Esmée E. , de Castro Bram O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChildren's aggressive behaviour is partly determined by how they process social information (e.g., making hostile interpretations or aiming to seek revenge). Such aggressive social information processing (SIP) may be most evident if children are emotionally engaged in actual social interactions. Current methods to assess aggressive SIP, however, often ask children to reflect on hypothetical vignettes. This pilot study therefore examined a new method that actually involves children in emotionally engaging social interactions: interactive virtual reality (VR). We developed a virtual classroom where children could play games with virtual peers. A sample of boys (N = 32; ages 8–13) from regular and special education reported on their SIP in distinct VR contexts (i.e., neutral, instrumental gain and provocation). They also completed a standard vignette‐based assessment of SIP. Results demonstrated good convergent validity of interactive VR assessment of SIP, as indicated by significant moderate to large correlations of VR‐assessed SIP with vignette‐assessed SIP for all SIP variables except anger. Interactive VR showed improved measurement sensitivity (i.e., larger variances in SIP compared to vignettes) for aggressive responding, but not for other SIP variables. Discriminant validity (i.e., distinct SIP patterns across contexts) of interactive VR was supported for provocation contexts, but not for instrumental gain contexts. Last, children were more enthusiastic about the VR assessment compared to the vignette‐based assessment. These findings suggest that interactive VR may be a promising tool, allowing for the assessment of children's aggressive SIP in standardized yet emotionally engaging social interactions.
Water footprint, herbage, and livestock responses for nitrogen‐fertilized grass and grass–legume grazing systems
Authors: Jaramillo David Mirabedini , Dubeux José C.B. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Vendramini Joao M.B. , Mackowiak Cheryl , DiLorenzo Nicolas , Garcia Liza , D. Queiroz Luana M. , Santos Erick R. S. , Homem Bruno G. C. , van Cleef Flavia , Ruiz‐Moreno Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReplacing N fertilizer with forage legumes may increase sustainability of grazing systems. The objectives were to evaluate herbage and animal responses and to quantify the water footprint associated with beef production in N‐fertilized grass or grass–legume systems during 4 yr under continuous stocking. The three year‐round forage systems were: Grass+N which included N‐fertilized bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) during summer which was overseeded with N‐fertilized cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) during winter; Grass+Clover included bahiagrass without N fertilizer during summer which was overseeded with rye, oat, and a mixture of clovers (Trifolium spp.) during winter; and Grass+Clover+RP included rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.)–bahiagrass mixture during summer which was overseeded with a similar rye–oat–clover mixture as for Grass+Clover. Clover inclusion improved uniformity of herbage distribution throughout the winter. Including rhizoma peanut increased cattle average daily gain (ADG) by 74% during summer. The ADG in Grass+Clover+RP was 0.61 kg d−1 compared with 0.35 kg d−1 on Grass+N and Grass+Clover. The water footprint during summer was less in Grass+Clover+RP than Grass+Clover (18 and 25 m3 kg−1 bodyweight, respectively). Gain per area (GPA) was similar across all treatments through the year, indicating similar productivity in grass–legume and N‐fertilized grass systems. The N‐fertilizer inputs were reduced from 224 to 34 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in Grass+Clover+RP, compared to Grass+N. Inclusion of rhizoma peanut and clovers contributes to developing sustainable grazing systems with reduced levels of off‐farm inputs.