bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1387Effect of yoga therapy on health of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic-review and meta-analysis
Authors: Verma Anita , Upadhyay Vikas , Saxena Vartika 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of yoga therapy (YT) on health outcomes of women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Interventional studies, with postmenarchal and premenopausal females with PCOS who received YT, with any health outcome reported, were included.

Methods
Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE and, MEDLINE databases were electronically searched. Systematic review included 11 experimental studies, representing 515 participants with PCOS, out of which 2 randomized controlled trials (RCT’s) were included for meta-analysis. Random effects model was applied using Review Manager Software Version 5.4.1 and strength of evidence was assessed using GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool, 2020. This systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number CRD42021229619.

Results
Meta-analysis showed that YT may significantly decrease menstrual irregularity (MD -0.41, 95% CI -0.74 to -0.08), clinical hyperandrogenism (MD -0.70, 95% CI -1.15 to -0.26), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (MD -0.22 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.01), fasting insulin (FI) (MD -28.21 pmol/L, 95% CI -43.79 to -12.63) and HOMA-IR value (MD -0.86, 95% CI -1.29 to -0.43). Strength of evidence was low.

Conclusions
YT may have beneficial effects on health outcomes in women suffering from PCOS. However, low strength of evidence suggests need of conducting well-designed RCT’s to assess the efficacy of YT for PCOS.

Key messages
This systematic review and meta-analysis adds to the knowledge about effects of YT on health outcomes of women with PCOS.
1304Pan-cancer analysis of pre-diagnostic blood metabolite concentrations in the EPIC study
Authors: Breeur Marie , Ferrari Pietro , Schmidt Julie , Travis Ruth , Key Tim , Johansson Mattias , Dossus Laure , Jenab Mazda , Rinaldi Sabina , Gunter Marc , Viallon Vivian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Metabolomics studies in cancer epidemiology have mostly focused on single metabolite-cancer site associations. Pan-cancer analyses may have larger statistical power when identifying metabolites showing consistent associations across cancer sites, while allowing the identification of site-specific associations.

Methods
Data from seven cancer-specific case-control studies nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort (EPIC) were pooled, resulting in a total sample of 7,957 case-control pairs from eight cancer types (breast, colorectal, endometrial, gallbladder, kidney, localized prostate and advanced prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma). A total of 117 pre-diagnostic blood metabolites were measured. After clustering the most highly correlated ones together, we studied the association between 50 features (metabolites or clusters of metabolites) and cancer risk in multivariate penalized conditional logistic regression models controlled for body mass index using the data shared lasso.

Results
We identified: (i) 8 features with consistent associations across cancer sites: e.g., glutamine and C4-acylcarnitine, one cluster of lysophosphatidylcholines and one of phosphatidylcholines were inversely associated with cancer, while C10-acylcarnitine, valine and proline showed positive associations; (ii) 11 features with heterogeneous associations across cancer sites: e.g., arginine was positively associated with colorectal cancer only, while one cluster of sphingomyelins was associated inversely with hepatocellular carcinoma and positively with endometrial cancer.

Conclusions
Our pan-cancer analysis notably identified metabolites showing consistent associations with cancer risk across different cancer-types.

Key messages
Our results could lead to the identification of common pathways shared across different cancer types.
20Forest loss shapes the landscape suitability of Kyasanur Forest disease in the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Walsh Michael , Mor Siobhan , Maity Hindol , Hossain Shah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Anthropogenic pressure in biodiversity hotspots is increasingly recognised as a major driver of the spillover and expansion of zoonotic disease. In the Western Ghats region of India, a devastating tick-borne zoonosis, Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD), has been expanding rapidly beyond its endemic range in recent decades. While it has been suggested that anthropogenic pressure in the form of land use changes that lead to the loss of native forest may be directly contributing to the expanding range of KFD, clear evidence has not yet established the association between forest loss and KFD risk.

Methods
The current study sought to investigate the relationship between KFD landscape suitability and both forest loss and mammalian species richness to inform its epidemiology and infection ecology. Forty-seven outbreaks of KFD between 1 January, 2012 and 30 June, 2019 were modelled as an inhomogeneous Poisson process.

Results
Both forest loss (relative risk (RR) = 1.83; 95% C.I. 1.33 – 2.51) and mammalian species richness (RR = 1.29; 95% C.I. 1.16 – 1.42) were strongly associated with increased risk of KFD.

Conclusions
These results provide the first evidence of a clear association between increasing forest loss and risk for KFD. Moreover, the findings also highlight the importance of forest loss in areas of high biodiversity. This evidence supports integrative approaches to public health that incorporate conservation strategies simultaneously protective of humans, animals, and the environment.

Key messages
The association between deforestation and KFD risk suggest potential benefit in leveraging conservation efforts in the service of public health.
1402Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is associated with general and abdominal obesity in girls during puberty
Authors: Wang Yingying 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Childhood is an important public health issue. Although both thyroid hormone and menarche are known to play a role in body metabolism and energy expenditure, no population-based study has been conducted to investigate the impact of TSH on adipogenesis among population-based girls around puberty.

Methods
A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select one junior middle school from each of 4 study areas: Minhang District in Shanghai, Haimen City in Jiangsu Province, Yuhuan City and Deqing County in Zhejiang Province. A total of 474 girls aged 11 to 14 years from 4 schools were enrolled. Information on demographic factors and puberty stage were collected, and anthropometric measurements and thyroid hormones were determined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with the risk of obesity measured by body mess index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).

Results
Of the 474 girls, the prevalences of BMI-based general obesity and WC-based abdominal obesity were 19.8% (94/474) and 21.7% (103/474), respectively. Compared with normal weight girls, the mean serum TSH concentration was significantly higher in BMI-based general overweight or obese girls (P = 0.037), but not in WC-based central overweight or obese girls (P = 0.173). In the multiple logistic regression models, for girls with highest tertile of serum TSH concentration relative to those in the lowest tertile, the odds ratios were 2.58 (95% CI 1.32 to 5.04) and 2.50 (95% CI 1.30 to 4.81) for overweight or obesity based on BMI and WC after adjustment for puberty stage and other covariates.

Conclusions
Serum TSH concentration was positively associated with both general and abdominal obesity in school-age girls and the association was independent of puberty.

Key messages
thyroid stimulating hormone; general obesity; central obesity; school-aged girls; puberty
1334Appetitive behaviors in school-age and their genetic and environmental predisposition
Authors: Warkentin Sarah , Severo Milton , Fildes Alison , Oliveira Andreia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Given the great variability in adiposity and the exposure to obesogenic food environments, it has been suggested that individuals respond in divergent ways to the environment they live in. Our aim was to explore the genetic and environmental contribution of variations on appetitive behaviors in 10-year-old Portuguese children.

Methods
Participants were twins from the Generation XXI cohort (n = 86 pairs). Appetitive behaviors at 10 years was assessed through the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Intra-class correlations for appetitive behaviors were calculated for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, and structural equation modelling was conducted to estimate genetic (A), shared (C) and non-shared (E) environmental variances.

Results
Twins were mainly dizygotic (65%), and a third was classified as having excess weight (30.2%). For all appetitive behaviors, with exception to Emotional Undereating, moderate to strong heritability were found and non-shared environmental effects contributed to appetite variability. For Emotional Undereating, environmental effects seem to be more important than genetic effects (C: 0.81; 95%CI 0.71;0.88 and E: 0.19; 95%CI 0.12;0.29).

Conclusions
There is a significant genetic contribution, followed by non-shared environmental effects, on appetitive behaviors in school-age years. Results indicate that Emotional Undereating was not heritable, being explained by shared and non-shared environmental factors.

Key messages
Appetitive behaviors among 10-year-olds seem to be genetically determined, with exception to Emotional Undereating, which showed to be explained by environmental factors. Understanding which genes are associated with child appetitive behaviors would give an insight in biological and behavioral influences on child eating and obesity risk.
1070An online searchable database of example causal diagrams to make them easier to construct
Authors: Watkins Tim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
Most researchers do not use causal diagrams, in this case meaning directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), despite being widely recommended in epidemiology. They can help to identify the biases that might lead to faulty conclusions or suggest variables for which data should be collected and included in a model. Seeking to understand this reluctance and develop alternative strategies that might increase the use of causal diagrams, we searched the cognitive science literature for potential reasons and suggestions.

Findings
Insights from cognitive psychology led to a better understanding of the barriers that might underlie the reluctance to use causal diagrams. This includes our built-in desire for cognitive ease and suggests that strategies which lower the effort required to create a diagram may help. We explain these findings using example projects from neuropsychiatry big data research and describe how an online resource we have created has helped.

Conclusions/Implications
A causal diagram website has been created that aims to lower the effort needed to create a diagram for a study. It contains tutorials and a terminology guide, as well as links to other tutorials; a guide to software and other resources that might be used; and a searchable database of example causal diagrams with links to published articles that include them.

Key messages
A website has been developed to help overcome barriers to the use of causal diagrams. With contributions welcome.
1478Extreme daily numbers of general practice encounters of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Australia
Authors: Waudby Charlotte , Osborne Nicholas , Muscatello David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Asthma affects approximately 11% of Australia’s population and allergic rhinitis 19%. Grass pollen is associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis exacerbations. This study tested the hypothesis that days with extreme numbers of general practice (GP) encounters for asthma and allergic rhinitis aligned with grass pollen season.

Methods
The MedicineInsight GP database contains longitudinal data on persons attending a sample of Australian GPs. We created time series of daily counts of asthma and allergic rhinitis encounters by state and territory to identify extreme encounter days; days with counts above the 99th percentile.

Results
Of 3,036,678 attendances during the study period, 2.4% were for asthma. There were 83 extreme encounter days during April to December, across Australia. Victoria and South Australia had the highest increase in attendances on extreme days.
Allergic rhinitis encounters represented 0.9% of attendances. Of the 69 extreme allergic rhinitis encounter days across Australia, Victoria and Australian Capital Territory had the highest increase in attendances.
Allergic rhinitis extreme days were clustered between mid-October and early December (72%), compared to 22% of the asthma extreme days.

Conclusions
Extreme asthma GP encounters were not as strongly associated with grass pollen season compared to allergic rhinitis encounters. Victoria had a high number of encounters on asthma and allergic rhinitis extreme days, many associated with thunderstorm asthma.

Key messages
Extreme asthma encounter days can be associated with cooler months, grass pollen season and school holidays. Extremes allergic rhinitis presentation days were aligned with grass pollen season.
760Multi-stage models of cancer and disease
Authors: Webster Anthony 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Since Armitage and Doll's publication of “a multi-stage theory of carcinogenesis” in 1954, the multi-stage model has underpinned our conceptual understanding of cancer. In the last few years the model has been applied to other diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Motor Neurone Disease), providing new insight into how the disease can arise and progress.

Methods
The multi-stage model is simplified and generalised. The result is a simple mathematical toolkit to describe carcinogenesis or other multi-stage models of disease, with simple formulae corresponding to pictorial diagrams of the multi-stage process. Important practical issues are described regarding the fitting of data and the use of multi-stage models to interpret results.

Results
Relationships between established cancer models are clarified, and derivations are simplified. We provide examples and highlight pitfalls of fitting multistage models to data. It is explained how genetic markers and the multi-stage paradigm can provide new insights into mechanisms of disease. Limitations of the model are discussed in the context of recent cancer research.

Conclusions
A simple mathematical recipe can convert biologically-motivated models for each step in a disease’s progression, into a mathematical model. The framework provides a mathematical toolkit to study the failure of complex systems, biological or otherwise, simplifying the formulation and interpretation of multi-stage models.

Key messages
Multi-stage models are increasingly easy to use and understand. When combined with big data and genetic markers for stratification, they offer a new tool for epidemiological studies.
323Breast and cervical cancer screening and outcomes in NSW mental health service consumers
Authors: Wilson Elizabeth , Tervonen Hanna , Currow David , Sara Grant 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
This presentation describes methods and findings from the NSW Mental Health Living Longer (MHLL) Program. MHLL involves population-wide data linkage that combines records from nine NSW data collections. Our collection includes over 120 million records for more than nine million people. This presentation focuses on the use of linked data to develop indicators to support reporting on premature cancer mortality for people living with mental illness. We will use these indicators to identify variation in care, assess areas for targeted intervention, and evaluate the effectiveness of research translation into safer and more effective care.

Findings
This work will be finalised by August 2020. We will use regression techniques to examine predictors of participation in breast and cervical cancer screening for women who use mental health services in NSW. These results will be used to assess geographical variation in risk-adjusted screening participation rates. We will also present methods and results for measuring incidence and stage at presentation, as well as 12 month and 5 year survival for women who use mental health services compared to other women in NSW.

Conclusions/Implications
If cancer survival is a key measure of the effectiveness of healthcare systems, then reduced survival in people with mental health problems reflects less effective health care. Improving screening and treatment services is likely to be the most important strategy for reducing the cancer mortality gap for people with mental illness.

Key messages
Health systems must move from recognition to action if we are to reduce premature cancer mortality in people living with mental illness.
381In-hospital mortality for infants with HIE who received therapeutic hypothermia: a propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Wollny Krista , Mohammad Khorshid , Wood Stephen , Hicks Matthew , Skiffington Janice , Cherak Stephana J. , Metcalfe Amy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In 2016, the Academic Medical Center Neonatal Encephalopathy Task Force recommended therapeutic hypothermia (TH) as the standard-of-care for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, not all infants who meet the criteria for TH receive this treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of mortality for infants with HIE who did and did not receive TH, after accounting for confounders associated with receipt of TH.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the 2016 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), which contains 20% of all hospital discharges in the United States. Infants were included if they were diagnosed with HIE and were eligible for TH. Nearest-neighbor propensity score-matching (1:1) without replacement was performed prior to logistic regression analysis. The average treatment effect of TH was calculated to estimate the odds of mortality.

Results
There were 211 infants with HIE who received TH, which is an estimated proportion of 24.8% (95% CI: 20.9-29.1%). Infants who received TH were more likely to have a seizure (p &lt; 0.05), be transferred from another hospital (p &lt; 0.001), and have the highest Risk of Mortality scores (p &lt; 0.05). The odds of mortality were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85-0.97) for infants that received TH, compared to those who did not.

Conclusions
Receipt of TH varied across patient groups and was associated with clinical risk factors. The odds of in-hospital mortality were lower in infants who received TH.

Key messages
Infants who received TH had a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality compared to infants who did not receive TH.
485Prospective associations between sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Woo Hye Won , Shin Min-Ho , Choi Bo Youl , Kim Mi Kyung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Circulating sex hormone–binding globulin levels are inversely associated with insulin resistance. However, epidemiologic evidence on the association of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and the risk of developing diabetes is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prospective associations between serum SHBG level and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adults ≥ 40 years old in the Yangpyeong and Namwon cohort.

Methods
A total of 4,383 (1,651 men and 2,732 women) participants who did not have T2D were enrolled. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was estimated using a modified Poisson regression model with a robust error estimator. During follow-up (27,146 person-years), 284 T2D cases were newly diagnosed.

Results
Significant dose-response inverse associations were observed between serum SHBG (tertiles) and T2D in women, even after controlling for baseline fasting glucose (incidence rate ratio, IRR=0.42, 95% CI = 0.26–0.68, P for trend = &lt;.001 in the highest tertile). Similar significant linear trends were found among menopausal women, and the inverse associations persisted across participant subgroups with diabetes risk profiles. However, there were no significant associations with serum SHBG in men. When we examined the association, except for men with higher levels of hs-CRP (≥ 3 mg/L) and HOMA-IR (≥ 2.5) at baseline, the non-significant associations did not change (IRR=1.45, 95% CI = 0.78–2.70, P for trend=0.167 in the highest tertile). The sex-specific differences in associations between serum SHBG and T2D risk were statistically significant (P for interaction=0.005).

Conclusions
Serum SHBG may be inversely associated with T2D in women, but not in men.

Key messages
Circulating SHBG may play different roles in the development of T2D in men and women.
165Ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes mortality and hospitalisation rates in a New Zealand population1994-2018
Authors: Yu Dahai , Osuagwu Levi , Pickering Karen , Baker John , Cutfield Richard , Orr-Walke Brandon , CaI Yamei , Zhao Zhanzheng , Simmons David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) affects different populations disproportionately including in New Zealand (NZ), where long-term temporal trends in cause-specific clinical outcomes between Māori, European and Pacific people remain unclear.

Methods
Data from patients with T2DM, aged 35-84 years enrolled 1994-2018 in a NZ primary care audit programme (the Diabetes Care Support Service) were linked with national death registration, hospitalisation, pharmaceutical claims and primary care databases. Cause-specific death and hospitalisation rates were adjusted for gender, age, smoking, obesity, social-economic status and time periods by age-period-cohort models.

Results
Overall, 79,912 (50.6% female, mean-age 56±15 years, median follow-up 9.7 years) patients with T2DM were enrolled. For Europeans vs Māori, adjusted incidence rates ratio (IRR) and absolute risk difference /1000 person-years were 1.96 (95% CI: 1.80- 2.14) and 22.85 (19.93-25.77) for all-cause mortality, 1.93 (1.63-2.29) and 6.97 (5.14-8.80) for cardiovascular (CVD) mortality, 1.64 (1.40-1.93) and 3.08 (2.25-3.92) for cancer mortality, 1.26 (1.25-1.28) and 42.70 (41.32-44.08) for CVD hospitalisation, 1.31 (1.28-1.34) and 44.76 (42.37-47.15) for cancer hospitalisation, 2.05 (1.96-2.14) and 31.44 (29.67-33.21) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) hospitalisation. Pacific rates were significantly less than Māori, but higher than Europeans for ESRD (IRR:1.59 (1.52-1.67)) and CVD (1.09 (1.07-1.10)) hospitalisation.

Conclusions
Poorer health outcomes have persisted among Māori and Pacific people with T2DM for &gt;20 years. New policies supporting more intensive management of T2DM are urgently needed. Differences in outcomes between Māori and Pacific people warrant further research.

Key messages
Outcome disparities have persisted among Māori and Pacific people with T2DM for &gt;20 years.