bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents and young adults with neurofibromatosis type 1: A descriptive study of adaptive functioning
Authors: Struemph Kari L. , Watts Adreanna T. M. , Wolters Pamela L. , Tamula Mary Anne , Baldwin Andrea , Widemann Brigitte , Martin Staci 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic syndrome affecting about 1 in 3500 individuals; many of those affected have plexiform neurofibroma (pNF) tumors and associated symptoms and complications. Furthermore, learning and attention problems, as well as deficits in adaptive functioning, are common, often beginning in early childhood. This study aimed to describe adaptive functioning and to examine relationships between adaptive functioning and cognitive and academic variables and level of independence among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with NF1 and pNF tumors. Fifty‐five AYA aged 16–31 years participated in a series of neuropsychological evaluations while parents completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS‐II) as part of a larger natural history study. Over one‐third (35%) of AYA were neither in school nor employed. Mean VABS‐II daily living and socialization scores were low average while mean Verbal and Performance IQ scores were average. VABS‐II scores were positively correlated with processing speed, executive functioning, and working memory scores. Verbal IQ was the only significant predictor of work/school status. Identification of the correlates and predictors of adaptive functioning and life achievement can help guide healthcare providers with the early identification of risk factors and possible areas for intervention.
Development of Chiral Ligands for the Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Silylation and Borylation of C−H Bonds
Authors: Su Bo , Hartwig John F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnantioselective reactions that install functional groups at the positions of unactivated C−H bonds can be envisioned to produce intermediates for the synthesis of the active ingredients in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals directly from simple feedstocks. Among these C−H bond functionalization reactions, those that form carbon–silicon (C−Si) and carbon–boron (C−B) bonds have been pursued because the products of these reactions can be converted to those containing a wide range of functional groups and because compounds containing silicon and boron possess unique properties that can be valuable for medicinal and materials chemistry. Although the silylation and borylation of C−H bonds have undergone extensive development during the past two decades, enantioselective versions of these reactions were not known until a few years ago. In this Minireview, we present the rapid development of enantioselective silylation and borylation of C−H bonds, with an emphasis on the design and development of the types of chiral ligands needed to achieve these reactions and an intention to inspire an expansion of these types of transformations.
X⋅⋅⋅X Halogen Bond‐Induced Supramolecular Helices
Authors: Xu Yunying , Hao Aiyou , Xing Pengyao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe halogen bond is the attractive interaction between the electrophilic region of a halogen atom and the nucleophilic region of another molecular entity, emerging as a favorable manner to manipulate supramolecular chirality in self‐assemblies. Engineering halogen bonded helical structures remains a challenge due to its sensitivity to solvent polarity and competitive forces like hydrogen bonds. Herein, we report a X⋅⋅⋅X (X=Cl, Br, I) type weak halogen bond that induces the formation and evolution of supramolecular helical structures both in solid and solution state. The π‐conjugated phenylalanine derivatives with F, Cl, Br and I substitution self‐assembled into 21 helical packing driven by hydrogen bond and halogen bond, respectively. The specific molecular geometries of π‐conjugated amino acids gave rise to multiple noncovalent forces to stabilize the X⋅⋅⋅X halogen bond with small bond energies ranging from −0.69 to −1.49 kcal mol−1. Halogen bond induced an opposite helicity compared to the fluorinated species, accompanied by the inversed circularly polarized luminescence.
Preparation of 3‐pentadecylphenol‐modified cellulose nanocrystal and its application as a filler to polypropylene nanocomposites having improved antibacterial and mechanical properties
Authors: Shin Huiseob , Kim Sangwan , Kim Jinseok , Kong Saerom , Lee Yonghoon , Lee Jong‐Chan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared using cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) grafted with 3‐pentadecylphenol (PDP) as a filler. Functionalized CNC (f‐CNC) was prepared by the reaction of CNC with 4‐oxo‐4‐(3‐pentadecylphenoxy)butanoic acid (PDPBA), where PDPBA was synthesized by reacting succinic anhydride (SA) with PDP. PP nanocomposites containing CNC (PP/CNC) and f‐CNC (PP/f‐CNC), respectively, were prepared to study the effect of fillers on PP. PP/CNC and PP/f‐CNC showed improved mechanical stiffness, and especially, PP/f‐CNC was found to have larger mechanical strength value than neat PP and PP/CNC due to the PDP moiety having a long alkyl group in f‐CNC. Antibacterial property was observed both from PP/CNC and from PP/f‐CNC while that of PP/f‐CNC was better than that of CNC because PDP could impart the additional antibacterial activity. The improved mechanical properties and antibacterial property of PP/f‐CNC could be ascribed to the respective effect of PDP and CNC.
Evaluating the effects of a SharkSafe Barrier™ shoreline deployment on bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) behaviour
Authors: O'Connell Craig Patrick , Gressle Juliet , Crews Julia , King Andre A. , He Pingguo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Beach nets and drumlines are lethal devices that are used to minimize the interaction between potentially dangerous sharks and beachgoers. Mortality to these large shark species as a result of these lethal measures has led to the development of non‐invasive technologies that may minimize the risks of rare encounters with beachgoers while simultaneously protecting vulnerable sharks and other marine species.
One such technology is the SharkSafe Barrier™, which uses visual and magnetic stimuli to non‐invasively deter sharks from a designated area. Previous experiments using this technology were performed on a small scale (e.g. 13 m × 13 m), with an attempt made to extrapolate the results to a larger scale application without actual large‐scale deployments and experimentation.
The present study examined whether a large‐scale SharkSafe Barrier™ shoreline deployment could successfully exclude the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) from acoustic and olfactory cues and evaluated whether the technology could serve as a less invasive replacement to current culling practices.
Generalized linear mixed‐model analyses based on 59 trials illustrate that C. leucas swimming behaviour (i.e. avoidances, entrances, and pass arounds) significantly differed between the control (i.e. unmanipulated area) and the experimental (i.e. SharkSafe Barrier™) regions. Unlike previous small‐scale experiments, 10 of 16 sharks repeatedly penetrated the barrier and swam in an accelerated manner once within the experimental barrier region.
The present findings raise concerns that the size of the previous experimental areas may have been insufficient to provide a realistic representation of barrier efficacy for large‐scale deployments. With continued shark‐culling measures in various locations, a non‐invasive and eco‐friendly alternative is needed, but substantial modifications to the current Sharksafe barrier design or an entirely new eco‐friendly approach are needed as the barrier in its present state does not reliably deter large and potentially dangerous sharks from a large‐scale area.
Recreational Physical Activity and Risk of Incident Knee Osteoarthritis: An International Meta‐Analysis of Individual Participant–Level Data
Authors: Gates Lucy S. , Perry Thomas A. , Golightly Yvonne M. , Nelson Amanda E. , Callahan Leigh F. , Felson David , Nevitt Michael , Jones Graeme , Cooper Cyrus , Batt Mark E. , Sanchez‐Santos Maria T. , Arden Nigel K. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe effect of physical activity on the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) is unclear. We undertook this study to examine the relationship between recreational physical activity and incident knee OA outcomes using comparable physical activity and OA definitions.MethodsData were acquired from 6 global, community‐based cohorts of participants with and those without knee OA. Eligible participants had no evidence of knee OA or rheumatoid arthritis at baseline. Participants were followed up for 5–12 years for incident outcomes including the following: 1) radiographic knee OA (Kellgren‐Lawrence [K/L] grade ≥2), 2) painful radiographic knee OA (radiographic OA with knee pain), and 3) OA‐related knee pain. Self‐reported recreational physical activity included sports and walking/cycling activities and was quantified at baseline as metabolic equivalents of task (METs) in days per week. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated and pooled using individual participant data meta‐analysis. Secondary analysis assessed the association between physical activity, defined as time (hours per week) spent in recreational physical activity and incident knee OA outcomes.ResultsBased on a total of 5,065 participants, pooled RR estimates for the association of MET days per week with painful radiographic OA (RR 1.02 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.93–1.12]), radiographic OA (RR 1.00 [95% CI 0.94–1.07]), and OA‐related knee pain (RR 1.00 [95% CI 0.96–1.04]) were not significant. Similarly, the analysis of hours per week spent in physical activity also showed no significant associations with all outcomes.ConclusionOur findings suggest that whole‐body, physiologic energy expenditure during recreational activities and time spent in physical activity were not associated with incident knee OA outcomes.
Quinoline‐cored Poly(Aryl Ether) Dendritic Organogels with Multiple Stimuli‐Responsive and Adsorptive Properties
Authors: Hao Xiaoyu , Liu Zhixiong , Qin Jun , Jin Xinyi , Liu Li‐Zhen , Zhai Hong , Yang Weifa , Yan Zhi‐Chao , Feng Yu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFunctional supramolecular gel materials have potential applications in sensors, optical switches, artificial antennae, drug delivery and so on. In this paper, quinoline‐cored poly(aryl ether) dendritic organogelators were designed, synthesized and fully characterized. The gelation behaviour of the dendritic organogelator was tested in organic solvents, mixed solvents and ionic liquids. The dendron Q‐G1 was found to be an efficient and versatile organogelator toward various apolar and polar organic solvents with the critical gelation concentrations (CGCs) approaching 1.2×10−2 mol/L, indicating one dendritic organogelator could immobilize 1.2×103 solvent molecules in the organogel network. Interestingly, these dendrons exhibited excellent gel formation in ionic liquids. Notably, these dendritic organogels were found to display multiple stimuli‐responsive properties toward external stimuli including heat, ultrasound and shear stress, with a reversible sol‐gel phase transition. In addition, the dendritic organogel could effectively adsorb heavy metals and organic dyes. The removal rate of Pb2+ was up to 20% and the adsorption rate for Rhodamine B was as high as 89%.
Bidirectional asymmetric delay feedback for cooperative adaptive cruise control of vehicle platoons with unreliable communication
Authors: Song Xiulan , Wei Dingjie , Chen Yu , Zhu Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) problem of vehicle platoons under unreliable vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) communication network. A bidirectional asymmetric delay feedback CACC method is presented to cope with the time delay and packet dropout induced by the unreliable network. The concept of equivalent delays is used to compensate the packet dropout of the network with the bidirectional communication topology. Using the asymmetric PD structure and the longitudinal models with varying time delay, the CACC controller of the platoon in a centralized mode is computed by solving linear matrix inequalities. To guarantee string stability of the platoon with the controller under the unreliable network, some sufficient conditions on the parameters of the controller and the time delay and packet dropout are derived. Furthermore, the upper bound of the time delay is estimated to satisfy string stability of the platoon. Finally, the presented method is verified by some comparative experiments of a seven‐car platoon with representative traffic scenarios and communication topologies.
Nano‐confining Red Phosphorus in a Carbon Hierarchical Superstructure for Superior Potassium Storage
Authors: Liang Zibin , Qiu Tianjie , Cheng Jinqian , Tang Yanqun , Wu Yingxiao , Shi Jinming , Gao Song , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐capacity red phosphorus is a promising candidate for anode material of potassium‐ion batteries while the poor electrical conductivity and large volume variation may cause severe material pulverization and performance deterioration during cycling. Incorporation of red phosphorous with porous carbon substrates is a potential strategy to solve these issues, which can spatially confine the phosphorus particles and promote mass/charge transfer processes. Herein, a hierarchical nitrogen‐doped microporous carbon superstructure derived from nanorod‐assembled metal‐organic framework superstructure was presented to confine red phosphorus (P@NCS) for potassium storage. Remarkably, P@NCS as an anode material demonstrated a high reversible specific capacity of 551 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles along with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 76 %. Control experiments and theoretical calculations verified that the excellent potassium storage performance was attributed to the strong confinement effect of the nitrogen‐doped micropores and the unique nanorod‐assembled superstructure. Furthermore, a potassium‐ion full cell was assembled using P@NCS and 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as anode and cathode material respectively, demonstrating the great potential of P@NCS for practical potassium‐ion batteries.
Recent Technology Developments in Biogas Production from Waste Materials in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Johari Siti Aminah , Mahad Nasir Mian Muhammad , Ali Sundas , Hamza Ameer , Aleem Waqas , Ameen Mariam , Aqsha Aqsha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSolid waste management towards the sustainable process is one of the major undertakings of the Malaysia Solid Waste Management Department. Hence, development towards biofuels including biogas production from wastes has been escalating in Malaysia. There have been some major innovations in biogas production, including design and operation of the reactor, the presence of an additive, change in mixing regime, supporting unit, measurement, and monitoring systems, since the technology has developed. The sections mainly included are types of digesters, strategies such as upstream, mainstream, and downstream. In upstream strategies, the hydrothermal pretreatment of anaerobic digestion showed a higher improvement of biogas by an increase of 222 % of methane content. The mainstream strategies showed that co‐digestion was the best method to increase the methane yield to 305–445 mL g−1 VS. In downstream system, methane content can be upgraded from 60 to 90 % by applying water scrubber. This paper aims to discuss the recent trends and innovations in biogas production from waste and their pathways in details.
Isomerization of Glucose‐to‐Fructose in Water over a Continuous Flow Reactor using Ca−Al Mixed Oxide as Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Ventura Maria , Mazarío Jaime , Domine Marcelo E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work reports the continuous isomerization of glucose to fructose in aqueous media under mild conditions using a mixed oxide hydrotalcite‐derived catalyst based on Ca and Al. Different operational parameters of the continuous flow fix‐bed catalytic reactor system were studied. At the optimal conditions, the Ca−Al‐based catalyst achieved a very high conversion and almost quantitative selectivity towards fructose, this being one of the few successful examples of a heterogeneous catalyst capable of carrying out this reaction in a continuous process. Importantly, catalytic activity held steady during four hours on stream, and slight deactivation occurring could be practically overcome by thermal regeneration of the catalyst.
Morphological analysis of the cerebellum and its efferent system in a basal actinopterygian fish, Polypterus senegalus
Authors: Ikenaga Takanori , Shimomai Rinko , Hagio Hanako , Kimura Satoru , Matsumoto Kazumasa , Kato Dai‐ichiro , Uesugi Kentaro , Takeuchi Akihisa , Yamamoto Naoyuki , Hibi Masahiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough all vertebrate cerebella contain granule cells, Purkinje cells, and efferent neurons, the cellular arrangement and neural circuitry are highly diverse. In amniotes, cerebellar efferent neurons form clusters, deep cerebellar nuclei, lie deep in the cerebellum, and receive synaptic inputs from Purkinje cells but not granule cells. However, in the cerebellum of teleosts, the efferent neurons, called eurydendroid cells, lie near the cell bodies of Purkinje cells and receive inputs both from axons of Purkinje cells and granule cell parallel fibers. It is largely unknown how the cerebellar structure evolved in ray‐finned fish (actinopterygians). To address this issue, we analyzed the cerebellum of a bichir Polypterus senegalus, one of the most basal actinopterygians. We found that the cell bodies of Purkinje cells are not aligned in a layer; incoming climbing fibers terminate mainly on the basal portion of Purkinje cells, revealing that the Polypterus cerebellum has unique features among vertebrate cerebella. Retrograde labeling and marker analyses of the efferent neurons revealed that their cell bodies lie in restricted granular areas but not as deep cerebellar nuclei in the cerebellar white matter. The efferent neurons have long dendrites like eurydendroid cells, although they do not reach the molecular layer. Our findings suggest that the efferent system of the bichir cerebellum has intermediate features between teleosts and amniote vertebrates, and provides a model to understand the basis generating diversity in actinopterygian cerebella.
occAssess: An R package for assessing potential biases in species occurrence data
Authors: Boyd Robin J. , Powney Gary D. , Carvell Claire , Pescott Oliver L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpecies occurrence records from a variety of sources are increasingly aggregated into heterogeneous databases and made available to ecologists for immediate analytical use. However, these data are typically biased, i.e. they are not a probability sample of the target population of interest, meaning that the information they provide may not be an accurate reflection of reality. It is therefore crucial that species occurrence data are properly scrutinised before they are used for research. In this article, we introduce occAssess, an R package that enables straightforward screening of species occurrence data for potential biases. The package contains a number of discrete functions, each of which returns a measure of the potential for bias in one or more of the taxonomic, temporal, spatial, and environmental dimensions. Users can opt to provide a set of time periods into which the data will be split; in this case separate outputs will be provided for each period, making the package particularly useful for assessing the suitability of a dataset for estimating temporal trends in species' distributions. The outputs are provided visually (as ggplot2 objects) and do not include a formal recommendation as to whether data are of sufficient quality for any given inferential use. Instead, they should be used as ancillary information and viewed in the context of the question that is being asked, and the methods that are being used to answer it. We demonstrate the utility of occAssess by applying it to data on two key pollinator taxa in South America: leaf‐nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) and hoverflies (Syrphidae). In this worked example, we briefly assess the degree to which various aspects of data coverage appear to have changed over time. We then discuss additional applications of the package, highlight its limitations, and point to future development opportunities.
Construction of an automatic score for the evaluation of speech disorders among patients treated for a cancer of the oral cavity or the oropharynx: The Carcinologic Speech Severity Index
Authors: Woisard Virginie , Balaguer Mathieu , Fredouille Corinne , Farinas Jérôme , Ghio Alain , Lalain Muriel , Puech Michèle , Astesano Corine , Pinquier Julien , Lepage Benoît 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpeech disorders impact quality of life for patients treated with oral cavity and oropharynx cancers. However, there is a lack of uniform and applicable methods for measuring the impact on speech production after treatment in this tumor location.ObjectiveThe objective of this work is to (1) model an automatic severity index of speech applicable in clinical practice, that is equivalent or superior to a severity score obtained by human listeners, via several acoustics parameters extracted (a) directly from speech signal and (b) resulting from speech processing and (2) derive an automatic speech intelligibility classification (i.e., mild, moderate, severe) to predict speech disability and handicap by combining the listener comprehension score with self‐reported quality of life related to speech.MethodsEighty‐seven patients treated for cancer of the oral cavity or the oropharynx and 35 controls performed different tasks of speech production and completed questionnaires on speech‐related quality of life. The audio recordings were then evaluated by human perception and automatic speech processing. Then, a score was developed through a classic logistic regression model allowing description of the severity of patients' speech disorders.ResultsAmong the group of parameters subject to extraction from automatic processing of the speech signal, six were retained, producing a correlation at 0.87 with the perceptual reference score, 0.77 with the comprehension score, and 0.5 with speech‐related quality of life.The parameters that contributed the most are based on automatic speech recognition systems. These are mainly the automatic average normalized likelihood score on a text reading task and the score of cumulative rankings on pseudowords. The reduced automatic YC2SI is modeled in this way: YC2SIp = 11.48726 + (1.52926 × Xaveraged normalized likelihood reading) + (−1.94e‐06 × Xscore of cumulative ranks pseudowords).ConclusionAutomatic processing of speech makes it possible to arrive at valid, reliable, and reproducible parameters able to serve as references in the framework of follow‐up of patients treated for cancer of the oral cavity or the oropharynx.