bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The state of agricultural landscapes in the Mediterranean: smallholder agriculture and land abandonment in terraced landscapes of the Ricote Valley, southeast Spain
Authors: Heider Katharina , Rodriguez Lopez Juan Miguel , Balbo Andrea L. , Scheffran Jürgen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe fast and broad adoption of mechanization and chemical inputs in Mediterranean terraced agriculture, combined with warming climate trends, has led to the progressive degradation of environmental and social conditions. These factors have concurred with the increasing abandonment of smallholder agriculture. We aimed to detect and quantify the progression of cultivated and abandoned terraced fields in the Ricote Valley between 2016 and 2019 while also exploring reasons for land abandonment over the past decades. To quantify cultivated and abandoned agricultural terraces, we conducted (1) a terrace detection based on Lidar and cadaster data, (2) a land use classification based on Sentinel imagery, and (3) an investigation of the reasons for land abandonment based on participant observation and an expert survey. Our results show high rates of abandonment compared to the total available agricultural terraced area in the Ricote Valley. In 2016, 56% of the detected terraced area was classified as not cultivated. In 2019, the percentage decreased to 40%. Small parcels are cultivated to a higher percentage than large or medium-sized parcels. We identified five main reasons underlying land abandonment: (1) low income of farmers; (2) land fragmentation resulting in higher transaction costs; (3) lack of interest in agricultural activities among young generations; (4) lack of modernization; and (5) emotional bonds preventing the sale of abandoned parcels. We stressed the importance of a place-based mixed method approach to gain a comprehensive understanding of the specificities of a given research area.
The triple rule out CT in acute chest pain: a challenge for emergency radiologists?
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Sportoletti Camilla , Scalas Giulia , Attinà Domenico , Buia Francesco , Niro Fabio , Modolon Cecilia , De Luca Carlo , Monteduro Francesco , Lovato Luigi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the feasibility of triple rule out computed tomography (TRO-CT) in an emergency radiology workflow by comparing the diagnostic performance of cardiovascular and general radiologists in the interpretation of emergency TRO-CT studies in patients with acute and atypical chest pain.

Methods
Between July 2017 and December 2019, 350 adult patients underwent TRO-CT studies for the assessment of atypical chest pain. Three radiologists with different fields and years of expertise (a cardioradiologist—CR, an emergency senior radiologist—SER, and an emergency junior radiologist—JER) retrospectively and independently reviewed all TRO-CT studies, by trans-axial and multiplanar reconstruction only. Concordance rates were then calculated using as reference blinded results from a different senior cardioradiologist, who previously evaluated studies using all available analysis software.

Results
Concordance rate was 100% for acute aortic syndrome (AAS) and pulmonary embolism (PE). About coronary stenosis (CS) for non-obstructive (<50%), CS concordance rates were 97.98%, 90.91%, and 97.18%, respectively, for CR, SER, and JER; for obstructive CS (>50%), concordance rates were respectively 88%, 85.7%, and 71.43%. Moreover, it was globally observed a better performance in the evaluation of last half of examinations compared with the first one.

Conclusions
Our study confirm the feasibility of the TRO-CT even in an Emergency Radiology department that cannot rely on a 24/7 availability of a dedicated skilled cardiovascular radiologist. The “undedicated” radiologists could exclude with good diagnostic accuracy the presence of obstructive stenosis, those with a clinical impact on patient management, without needing time-consuming software and/or reconstructions.
Deletion of Alox15 improves kidney dysfunction and inhibits fibrosis by increased PGD2 in the kidney
Authors: Takahashi Naohiro , Kikuchi Hiroaki , Usui Ayaka , Furusho Taisuke , Fujimaru Takuya , Fujiki Tamami , Yanagi Tomoki , Matsuura Yoshiaki , Asano Kenichi , Yamamoto Kouhei , Ando Fumiaki , Susa Koichiro , Mandai Shintaro , Mori Takayasu , Rai Tatemitsu , Uchida Shinichi , Arita Makoto , Sohara Eisei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Lipid-metabolizing enzymes and their metabolites affect inflammation and fibrosis, but their roles in chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been completely understood.

Methods
To clarify their role in CKD, we measured the mRNA levels of major lipid-metabolizing enzymes in 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) kidneys of C57BL/6 J mice. Mediator lipidomics was performed to reveal lipid profiles of CKD kidneys.

Results
In 5/6 Nx kidneys, both mRNA and protein levels of Alox15 were higher when compared with those in sham kidneys. With respect to in situ hybridization, the mRNA level of Alox15 was higher in renal tubules of 5/6 Nx kidneys. To examine the role of Alox15 in CKD pathogenesis, we performed 5/6 Nx on Alox15−/− mice. Alox15−/− CKD mice exhibited better renal functions than wild-type mice. Interstitial fibrosis was also inhibited in Alox15−/− CKD mice. Mediator lipidomics revealed that Alox15−/− CKD mouse kidneys had significantly higher levels of PGD2 than the control. To investigate the effects of PGD2 on renal fibrosis, we administered PGD2 to TGF-β1-stimulated NRK-52E cells and HK-2 cells, which lead to a dose-dependent suppression of type I collagen and αSMA in both cell lines.

Conclusion
Increased PGD2 in Alox15−/− CKD mouse kidneys could inhibit fibrosis, thereby resulting in CKD improvement. Thus, Alox15 inhibition and PGD2 administration may be novel therapeutic targets for CKD.
How to Prevent Flow Failures in Tailings Dams
Authors: Rodríguez Roberto , Muñoz-Moreno Alejandro , Vanessa Caparrós Ana , García-García Cristóbal , Brime-Barrios Ángel , César Arranz-González Julio , Rodríguez-Gómez Virginia , Javier Fernández-Naranjo Francisco , Alcolea Alberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBased on research carried out at 67 tailings dams in Spain: (1) tailings dams contain alternating sedimentary layers with contractive and dilative geomechanical behaviours; (2) tailings saturate quickly but drain more than 10 times slower due to the high-suction capacity of the porous sediments (2–300 MPa); and (3) over the long-term, a stationary flow regime is attained within a tailings basin. Four temporal and spatial conditions must all be present for a tailing dams flow failure to occur: (1) the tailings must experience contractive behaviour; (2) the tailings must be fully saturated; (3) the effective stress due to static or dynamic load must approach zero; and (4) the shear stress must exceed the tailings residual shear stress. Our results also indicate that the degree of saturation (Sr) is the most influential factor controlling dam stability. The pore-pressure coefficient controls geotechnical stability: when it exceeds 0.5 (Sr = 0.7), the safety factor decreases dramatically. Therefore, controlling the degree of tailings saturation is instrumental to preventing dam failures, and can be achieved using a double drainage system, one for the unconsolidated foundation materials and another for the overlying tailings.
Das Maßnahmengesetzvorbereitungsgesetz vom 22. März 2020 – Fundament legislativer Bauwerke
ohne Rechtsschutz?
Authors: Brigola Alexander , Heß Franziska 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungMit Datum vom 1.4.2020 trat das Gesetz zur Vorbereitung der Schaffung von Baurecht durch Maßnahmengesetz
im Verkehrsbereich in Kraft (Maßnahmengesetzvorbereitungsgesetz, “MgvG”). Es soll die
Basis schaffen, einen Katalog von Verkehrsinfrastrukturprojekten auf der Schiene und zu Wasser durch Legislativ-
statt durch Verwaltungsakt zulassen zu können. Das selbst gesteckte Ziel des Bundestages ist die Steigerung
der Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung sowie die beschleunigte Realisierung der gelisteten Vorhaben. Der
vorliegende Beitrag nähert sich dem legislativen Fundament mit skurrilem Namen in vier Schritten: Zunächst
wird, erstens, das MgvG im Überblick in seinen beiden Ebenen vorgestellt, die das vorgeschaltete behördliche
Verfahren und den Legislativakt beinhalten. Sodann wird, zweitens, der verfassungsrechtliche Leading Case
hinsichtlich der Zulassung von Verkehrsinfrastrukturprojekten durch Maßnahmengesetz analysiert, der
Beschluss des BVerfG zur Südumfahrung Stendal aus dem Juli 1996. In einem dritten Schritt wird der
Scheinwerfer auf das Völker- und Unionsrecht gerichtet: Die Crossrail-Entscheidung des Aarhus Convention
Compliance Committee aus dem Jahr 2011 sowie das Urteil des EuGH im Fall Inter-Environment Wallonie aus
dem Jahr 2019 werden vorgestellt. Am Ende wird, viertens, ein Fazit stehen, das die ambitionierte Mission
des Bundestages auf den Boden der rechtsstaatlichen Tatsachen zurückholt und den gebotenen fachgerichtlichen
Rechtsschutz einfordert.
Adjoint-based exact Hessian computation
Authors: Ito Shin-ichi , Matsuda Takeru , Miyatake Yuto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider a scalar function depending on a numerical solution of an initial value problem, and its second-derivative (Hessian) matrix for the initial value. The need to extract the information of the Hessian or to solve a linear system having the Hessian as a coefficient matrix arises in many research fields such as optimization, Bayesian estimation, and uncertainty quantification. From the perspective of memory efficiency, these tasks often employ a Krylov subspace method that does not need to hold the Hessian matrix explicitly and only requires computing the multiplication of the Hessian and a given vector. One of the ways to obtain an approximation of such Hessian-vector multiplication is to integrate the so-called second-order adjoint system numerically. However, the error in the approximation could be significant even if the numerical integration to the second-order adjoint system is sufficiently accurate. This paper presents a novel algorithm that computes the intended Hessian-vector multiplication exactly and efficiently. For this aim, we give a new concise derivation of the second-order adjoint system and show that the intended multiplication can be computed exactly by applying a particular numerical method to the second-order adjoint system. In the discussion, symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta methods play an essential role.
Prediction of leaf Bloch disease risk in Norwegian spring wheat based on weather factors and host phenology
Authors: Hjelkrem Anne-Grete Roer , Ficke Andrea , Abrahamsen Unni , Hofgaard Ingerd Skow , Brodal Guro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLeaf blotch diseases (LBD), such as Septoria nodorum bloch (Parastagnospora nodorum), Septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici) and Tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) can cause severe yield losses (up to 50%) in Norwegian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and are mainly controlled by fungicide applications. A forecasting model to predict disease risk can be an important tool to optimize disease control. The association between specific weather variables and the development of LBD differs between wheat growth stages. In this study, a mathematical model to estimate phenological development of spring wheat was derived based on sowing date, air temperature and photoperiod. Weather factors associated with LBD severity were then identified for selected phenological growth stages by a correlation study of LBD severity data (17 years). Although information regarding host resistance and previous crop were added to the identified weather factors, two purely weather-based risk prediction models (CART, classification and regression tree algorithm) and one black box model (KNN, based on K nearest neighbor algorithm) were most accurate to predict moderate to high LBD severity (>5% infection). The predictive accuracy of these models (76–83%) was compared to that of two existing models used in Norway and Denmark (60 and 61% accuracy, respectively). The newly developed models performed better than the existing models, but still had the tendency to overestimate disease risk. Specificity of the new models varied between 49 and 74% compared to 40 and 37% for the existing models. These new models are promising decision tools to improve integrated LBD management of spring wheat in Norway.
Carbon-ion radiotherapy for octogenarians with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Naoyoshi , Nakajima Mio , Nomoto Akihiro , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Tsuji Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The clinical significance of carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for octogenarians with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of CIRT alone for octogenarians with LA-NSCLC.

Materials and methods
We evaluated 32 patients who underwent CIRT alone between 1997 and 2015. The median age was 82.0 years (range, 80–88 years). In terms of clinical stage (UICC 7th edition), 7 (21.9%), 10 (31.3%), 11 (34.4%), and 4 (12.5%) patients had stage IIA, IIB, IIIA, and ΙΙΙB disease, respectively. The median CIRT dose was 72.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness), and the median follow-up period was 33.1 months.

Results
All patients successfully completed CIRT. Regarding grade ≥ 2 toxicities, 1 (3.1%), 3 (9.4%), and 4 (0.7%) patients developed grade 3 radiation pneumonitis, grade 2 radiation pneumonitis, and grade 2 dermatitis, respectively. No grade ≥ 4 toxicities were observed. The 2 year LC, PFS, and OS rates were 83.5%, 46.7%, and 68.0%, respectively.

Conclusion
CIRT alone is safe and effective for octogenarians with LA-NSCLC.
Das therapeutische Sandspiel als Psychodrama im Sand
Authors: Franke Silvia 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel der „Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie“ beleuchtet das therapeutische Sandspiel aus psychodramatischer Sicht und anhand einer Fallbeschreibung. Es kann positive Spielerinnerungen aktivieren, Kontrolle, Selbstwirksamkeit und gelingende Begegnung ermöglichen und eignet sich aufgrund seiner Ressourcenorientierung speziell für früh traumatisierte KlientInnen, die ihr Innenleben nur schwer verbalisieren können. Aufgrund vieler Parallelen zum Psychodrama kann es als Vorstufe für ein psychodramatisches Rollenspiel dienen.
Indication and technique for arthroscopic stabilization of anterior shoulder instability with multidirectional laxity
Authors: Rupp Marco-Christopher , Siebenlist Sebastian , Scheiderer Bastian , Imhoff Andreas B. , Pogorzelski Jonas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs concomitant hyperlaxity has been identified as an independent risk factor for failure following anterior shoulder stabilization, the treatment of this special pathology remains challenging. There is a broad consensus that a clear differentiation to multidirectional instability and isolated anteroinferior instability should be ensured to avoid unsatisfactory outcomes. Typical features of this patient collective include positive clinical tests for anteroinferior instability and multidirectional shoulder hyperlaxity, findings of an anterior labral lesion and general capsular redundancy in the radiologic assessment, while tests for posterior instability are negative. Surgical treatment should consist of an anteroinferior capsulolabroplasty with concomitant posteroinferior plication to reduce pathological capsular volume. Although there is a lack of clinical evidence, biomechanical investigations suggest that a four-anchor construct with three anterior anchors and one posteroinferior anchor may be sufficient to restore glenohumeral stability. This surgical approach is presented and discussed in the current article.
Supraspinatus tear—a mechanical outlet impingement lesion?
Authors: Engelke J. , Loew M. , Sulzer S. , Lichtenberg S. , Schnetzke M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The etiology of degenerative supraspinatus tendon (SSP) tear is still subject to discussion.

Objectives
Our objective was to correlate clinical, radiological, and intraoperative signs of mechanical outlet impingement in patients with degenerative SSP tears.

Materials and methods
This prospective study included 100 patients with degenerative SSP tears that required surgery. Preoperatively, clinical impingement signs and radiological parameters (critical shoulder angle [CSA], acromion type according to Bigliani, acromion index [AI]) were recorded. Intraoperatively, the extent of the rupture and grinding marks on the bottom of the acromion were assessed.

Results
Of the 100 patients, 59 had clinical impingement signs preoperatively; 90 patients had at least one positive radiological sign (CSA > 35°, AI > 0.67, acromion type II or III). In 23 patients a partial tear, in 55 patients a full thickness tear, and in 22 patients an additional infraspinatus tendon tear were found. In 10 cases no grinding marks at the bottom of the acromion during arthroscopy were found. In 75 cases moderate grinding marks and in 15 cases severe marks with bare bone at the bottom of the acromion were found. There was no statistically significant correlation between preoperative impingement signs and arthroscopic grinding marks (p = 0.83) or between clinical signs and radiological parameters (p = 0.44). There was no significant correlation between extent of the rupture, extent of grinding marks or radiological impingement parameters (p = 0.16; p = 0.26).

Conclusion
We could not verify a correlation between clinical and radiological impingement sign and arthroscopic impingement parameters. Based on our study, degenerative SSP tear cannot be characterized as the result of a mechanical outlet impingement.
Role of confirmed and potential predictors of an unfavorable outcome in heart failure in everyday clinical practice
Authors: Chuda Anna , Banach Maciej , Maciejewski Marek , Bielecka-Dabrowa Agata 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is the only cardiovascular disease with an ever increasing incidence. HF, through reduced functional capacity, frequent exacerbations of disease, and repeated hospitalizations, results in poorer quality of life, decreased work productivity, and significantly increased costs of the public health system. The main challenge in the treatment of HF is the availability of reliable prognostic models that would allow patients and doctors to develop realistic expectations about the prognosis and to choose the appropriate therapy and monitoring method. At this moment, there is a lack of universal parameters or scales on the basis of which we could easily capture the moment of deterioration of HF patients’ condition. Hence, it is crucial to identify such factors which at the same time will be widely available, cheap, and easy to use. We can find many studies showing different predictors of unfavorable outcome in HF patients: thorough assessment with echocardiography imaging, exercise testing (e.g., 6-min walk test, cardiopulmonary exercise testing), and biomarkers (e.g., N-terminal pro-brain type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity troponin T, galectin-3, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). Some of them are very promising, but more research is needed to create a specific panel on the basis of which we will be able to assess HF patients. At this moment despite identification of many markers of adverse outcomes, clinical decision-making in HF is still predominantly based on a few basic parameters, such as the presence of HF symptoms (NYHA class), left ventricular ejection fraction, and QRS complex duration and morphology.
Risky Play and Children’s Well-Being, Involvement and Physical Activity
Authors: Sando Ole Johan , Kleppe Rasmus , Sandseter Ellen Beate Hansen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChildren's activities and experiences in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) institutions are essential for children's present and future lives. Playing is a vital activity in childhood, and playing is found to be positively related to a variety of outcomes among children. In this study, we investigated how risky play – a fundamentally voluntary form of play – related to children's well-being, involvement and physical activity. Results from structured video observations (N = 928) during periods of free play in eight Norwegian ECEC institutions indicated that engagement in risky play was positively associated with children's well-being, involvement and physical activity. The findings in this study suggest that one way to support children's everyday experiences and positive outcomes for children in ECEC is to provide children with opportunities for risky play. Restrictions on children's play behaviours following safety concerns must be balanced against the joy and possible future benefits of thrilling play experiences for children.
Somalia am Scheideweg
Authors: Brosius René 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit stellt ein Zwischenergebnis eines Forschungsprojektes zur Frage der Übertragbarkeit deutscher Staatsstrukturprinzipien auf clan-basierte Gesellschaften am Beispiel Somalias dar. Ziel der Forschungsnotiz ist es, anlässlich des Endes der turnusmäßigen Amtszeit des aktuellen Präsidenten im Februar 2021 zu erörtern, wie die Übertragung der Strukturprinzipien bislang vorangeschritten ist und wie die Ergebnisse zu bewerten sind. Diese Einschätzung der aktuellen Lage in Somalia erfolgt unter Einbezug historischer und gesellschaftlicher Hintergründe und Entwicklungen.
Impact of minerals policy on sustainable development of mining sector – a comparative assessment of selected EU countries
Authors: Janikowska Olga , Kulczycka Joanna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSustainable access to raw materials has been growing concern for the EU policy from 2008. Germany, Finland, United Kingdom, Portugal and Greece were the first European countries to introduce and develop own minerals policy (2010–2012). Each of Member State prioritized own targets, but sustainability, waste management and climate were also underlined. In 2015 the 17 Sustainable Development Goals were established and adopted in the EU policy framework to monitor and measure the social, economic and environmental aspects. Next Paris Agreement targets and climate neutral has been introduced. They have significant impact also on mining industry. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between mineral policy in chosen countries and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and EU climate policy target. Due to limited data for mining sector the impact of mineral policy on sustainable mineral supply and CO2 emissions have been analyzed to identify the specific challenges, trends and successful factors of transition. It was shown that well developed mineral policy - in case of Finland - allow increase over 20% of production with over 20% decrease of CO2 emission. Moreover productivity in the sector in almost all analyzed country has been increased, what can show some correlation between mineral policy and SDG 12. However more detailed indicators for monitoring and assess the mineral policy on EU level and in individual country is needed, especially in contest of impact on sustainable development. It can help to provide acceptance of local society for new investment. It is a long term process which required not only significant financial capital, new technological solutions, but also trust and transparency in monitoring in implementing environmental and social aspects.