bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caesalpinia decapetala (Mysore thorn).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. decapetala is an adaptable scrambling, very prickly shrub with showy sulfur-yellow flowers, and is very widely distributed in South and East Asia. This species grows naturally in tropical temperate regions from the Himalayas to Sri Lanka, and extends to China, Korea and Japan. C. decapetala forms dense thickets and hedges useful for pasture demarcation and boundaries, it is also used as a shade tree. The bark has tanning properties, while the seeds are locally important for medicinal uses including anthelminthic, antipyretic, analgesic and possibly contraceptive properties. This species is also used to treat dysentery, malaria and neuraligia. C. decapetala is easy to propagate by direct seeding, but has been reported to tend towards weediness in some situations in Africa and Australia.
SPDE: a multi-functional software for sequence processing and data extraction
Authors: Xu Dong , Lu Zhuchou , Jin Kangming , Qiu Wenmin , Qiao Guirong , Han Xiaojiao , Zhuo Renying 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Summary
Sequence Processing and Data Extraction (SPDE) has eight modules comprising 100 basic functions ranging from sequence extraction, format conversion to data reorganization and mining, and all of these functions can be completed by point-and-click icons. SPDE also incorporates eight public analyses tools; thus, SPDE is a comprehensive bioinformatics platform for big biological data analysis.

Availability and implementation
SPDE built by Python can run on 32-bit, 64-bit Windows and MacOS systems. It can be downloaded from https://github.com/simon19891216/SPDEv1.2.git.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Structural optimization of baffle internals for fast particle pyrolysis in a downer reactor using the discrete element method
Authors: Liu Bing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The structural optimization of baffle internals for fast pyrolysis of coal with particulate mixing and heat transfer in a downer reactor using the discrete element method (DEM) has been investigated in this research. The pyrolysis terminal temperature at the exit of the downer reactor is not only decided by the volume-feeding-rate ratio of the coal to the sand, but also is affected by the inner structural design of the baffle internals in the downer reactor. As presented in the previous publication of the author, the inhibition from the baffle internals in a downer reactor can improve the particulate-mixing degree and heat carrier, and increase the mean residence time of the coal and heat-carrier particles in the downer reactor. The structure of the baffle internals in the downer reactor mentioned in this research can be optimized by the independently developed 3D soft-sphere model of the DEM programme of a 40-mm baffle length, a 30° baffle-slope angle and at least four baffles designed in the downer reactor, which is beneficial for the process design of coal pyrolysis with a heat carrier in the downer reactor.
BC-TFdb: a database of transcription factor drivers in breast cancer
Authors: Khan Abbas , Khan Taimoor , Nasir Syed Nouman , Ali Syed Shujait , Suleman Muhammad , Rizwan Muhammad , Waseem Muhammad , Ali Shahid , Zhao Xia , Wei Dong-Qing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) are DNA-binding proteins, which regulate many essential biological functions. In several cancer types, TF function is altered by various direct mechanisms, including gene amplification or deletion, point mutations, chromosomal translocations, expression alterations, as well as indirectly by non-coding DNA mutations influencing the binding of the TF. TFs are also actively involved in breast cancer (BC) initiation and progression. Herein, we have developed an open-access database, BC-TFdb (Breast Cancer Transcription Factors database), of curated, non-redundant TF involved in BC. The database provides BC driver TFs related information including genomic sequences, proteomic sequences, structural data, pathway information, mutations information, DNA binding residues, survival and therapeutic resources. The database will be a useful platform for researchers to obtain BC-related TF–specific information. High-quality datasets are downloadable for users to evaluate and develop computational methods for drug designing against BC.Database URL: https://www.dqweilab-sjtu.com/index.php.
Lowering cholesterol, blood pressure, or both to prevent cardiovascular events: results of 8.7 years of follow-up of Heart Outcomes Evaluation Prevention (HOPE)-3 study participants
Authors: Bosch Jackie , Lonn Eva M , Jung Hyejung , Zhu Jun , Liu Lisheng , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Pais Prem , Xavier Denis , Diaz Rafael , Dagenais Gilles , Dans Antonio , Avezum Alvaro , Piegas Leopoldo S , Parkhomenko Alexander , Keltai Kati , Keltai Matyas , Sliwa Karen , Held Claus , Peters Ronald J G , Lewis Basil S , Jansky Petr , Yusoff Khalid , Khunti Kamlesh , Toff William D , Reid Christopher M , Varigos John , Joseph Philip , Leiter Lawrence A , Yusuf Salim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aims
Rosuvastatin (10 mg per day) compared with placebo reduced major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events by 24% in 12 705 participants at intermediate CV risk after 5.6 years. There was no benefit of blood pressure (BP) lowering treatment in the overall group, but a reduction in events in the third of participants with elevated systolic BP. After cessation of all the trial medications, we examined whether the benefits observed during the active treatment phase were sustained, enhanced, or attenuated.

Methods and results
After the randomized treatment period (5.6 years), participants were invited to participate in 3.1 further years of observation (total 8.7 years). The first co-primary outcome for the entire length of follow-up was the composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or CV death [major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE)-1], and the second was MACE-1 plus resuscitated cardiac arrest, heart failure, or coronary revascularization (MACE-2). In total, 9326 (78%) of 11 994 surviving Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE)-3 subjects consented to participate in extended follow-up. During 3.1 years of post-trial observation (total follow-up of 8.7 years), participants originally randomized to rosuvastatin compared with placebo had a 20% additional reduction in MACE-1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64–0.99] and a 17% additional reduction in MACE-2 (95% CI 0.68–1.01). Therefore, over the 8.7 years of follow-up, there was a 21% reduction in MACE-1 (95% CI 0.69–0.90, P = 0.005) and 21% reduction in MACE-2 (95% CI 0.69–0.89, P = 0.002). There was no benefit of BP lowering in the overall study either during the active or post-trial observation period, however, a 24% reduction in MACE-1 was observed over 8.7 years.

Conclusion
The CV benefits of rosuvastatin, and BP lowering in those with elevated systolic BP, compared with placebo continue to accrue for at least 3 years after cessation of randomized treatment in individuals without cardiovascular disease indicating a legacy effect.

Trial Registration Number
NCT00468923
The yeast MER2 gene is required for chromosome synapsis and the initiation of meiotic recombination.
Authors: Rockmill B , Engebrecht J A , Scherthan H , Loidl J , Roeder G S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mutation of the MER2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae confers meiotic lethality. To gain insight into the function of the Mer2 protein, we have carried out a detailed characterization of the mer2 null mutant. Genetic analysis indicates that mer2 completely eliminates meiotic interchromosomal gene conversion and crossing over. In addition, mer2 abolishes intrachromosomal meiotic recombination, both in the ribosomal DNA array and in an artificial duplication. The results of a physical assay demonstrate that the mer2 mutation prevents the formation of meiosis-specific, double-strand breaks, indicating that the Mer2 protein acts at or before the initiation of meiotic recombination. Electron microscopic analysis reveals that the mer2 mutant makes axial elements, which are precursors to the synaptonemal complex, but homologous chromosomes fail to synapse. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of chromosome-specific DNA probes to spread meiotic chromosomes demonstrates that homolog alignment is also significantly reduced in the mer2 mutant. Although the MER2 gene is transcribed during vegetative growth, deletion or overexpression of the MER2 gene has no apparent effect on mitotic recombination or DNA damage repair. We suggest that the primary defect in the mer2 mutant is in the initiation of meiotic genetic exchange.
Autonomously Replicating Macronuclear DNA Pieces Are the Physical Basis of Genetic Coassortment Groups in Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Wong Laura , Klionsky Lana , Wickert Steve , Merriam Virginia , Orias Eduardo , Hamilton Eileen P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The macronucleus of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila contains a fragmented somatic genome consisting of several hundred identifiable chromosome pieces. These pieces are generated by site-specific fragmentation of the germline chromosomes and most of them are represented at an average of 45 copies per macronucleus. In the course of successive divisions of an initially heterozygous macronucleus, the random distribution of alleles of loci carried on these copies eventually generates macronuclei that are pure for one allele or the other. This phenomenon is called phenotypic assortment. We have previously reported the existence of loci that assort together (coassort) and hypothesized that these loci reside on the same macronuclear piece. The work reported here provides new, rigorous genetic support for the hypothesis that macronuclear autonomously replicating chromosome pieces are the physical basis of coassortment groups. Thus, coassortment allows the mapping of the somatic genome by purely genetic means. The data also strongly suggest that the random distribution of alleles in the Tetrahymena macronucleus is due to the random distribution of the MAC chromosome pieces that carry them.
RNA Editing of the DrosophilaparaNa+ Channel Transcript: Evolutionary Conservation and Developmental Regulation
Authors: Hanrahan Christopher J , Palladino Michael J , Ganetzky Barry , Reenan Robert A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPost-transcriptional editing of pre-mRNAs through the action of dsRNA adenosine deaminases results in the modification of particular adenosine (A) residues to inosine (I), which can alter the coding potential of the modified transcripts. We describe here three sites in the para transcript, which encodes the major voltage-activated Na+ channel polypeptide in Drosophila, where RNA editing occurs. The occurrence of RNA editing at the three sites was found to be developmentally regulated. Editing at two of these sites was also conserved across species between the D. melanogaster and D. virilis. In each case, a highly conserved region was found in the intron downstream of the editing site and this region was shown to be complementary to the region of the exonic editing site. Thus, editing at these sites would appear to involve a mechanism whereby the edited exon forms a base-paired secondary structure with the distant conserved noncoding sequences located in adjacent downstream introns, similar to the mechanism shown for A-to-I RNA editing of mammalian glutamate receptor subunits (GluRs). For the third site, neither RNA editing nor the predicted RNA secondary structures were evolutionarily conserved. Transcripts from transgenic Drosophila expressing a minimal editing site construct for this site were shown to faithfully undergo RNA editing. These results demonstrate that Na+ channel diversity in Drosophila is increased by RNA editing via a mechanism analogous to that described for transcripts encoding mammalian GluRs.
Ariadne-1: A Vital Drosophila Gene Is Required in Development and Defines a New Conserved Family of RING-Finger Proteins
Authors: Aguilera Miguel , Oliveros Mariano , Martínez-Padrón Manuel , Barbas Julio A , Ferrús Alberto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report the identification and functional characterization of ariadne-1 (ari-1), a novel and vital Drosophila gene required for the correct differentiation of most cell types in the adult organism. Also, we identify a sequence-related gene, ari-2, and the corresponding mouse and human homologues of both genes. All these sequences define a new protein family by the Acid-rich, RING finger, B-box, RING finger, coiled-coil (ARBRCC) motif string. In Drosophila, ari-1 is expressed throughout development in all tissues. The mutant phenotypes are most noticeable in cells that undergo a large and rapid membrane deposition, such as rewiring neurons during metamorphosis, large tubular muscles during adult myogenesis, and photoreceptors. Occasional survivors of null alleles exhibit reduced life span, motor impairments, and short and thin bristles. Single substitutions at key cysteines in each RING finger cause lethality with no survivors and a drastic reduction of rough endoplasmic reticulum that can be observed in the photoreceptors of mosaic eyes. In yeast two-hybrid assays, the protein ARI-1 interacts with a novel ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UbcD10, whose sequence is also reported here. The N-terminal RING-finger motif is necessary and sufficient to mediate this interaction. Mouse and fly homologues of both ARI proteins and the Ubc can substitute for each other in the yeast two-hybrid assay, indicating that ARI represents a conserved novel mechanism in development. In addition to ARI homologues, the RBR signature is also found in the Parkinson-disease-related protein Parkin adjacent to an ubiquitin-like domain, suggesting that the study of this mechanism could be relevant for human pathology.
courtless, the Drosophila UBC7 Homolog, Is Involved in Male Courtship Behavior and Spermatogenesis
Authors: Orgad Sara , Rosenfeld Galit , Greenspan Ralph J , Segal Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The courtless (col) mutation disrupts early steps of courtship behavior in Drosophila males, as well as the development of their sperm. Most of the homozygous col/col males (78%) do not court at all. Only 5% perform the entire ritual and copulate, yet these matings produce no progeny. The col gene maps to polytene chromosome band 47D. It encodes two proteins that differ in their carboxy termini and are the Drosophila homologs of the yeast ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC7. The col mutation is caused by an insertion of a P element into the 3′ UTR of the gene, which probably disrupts translational regulatory elements. As a consequence, the homozygous mutants exhibit a six- to sevenfold increase in the level of the COL protein. The col product is essential, and deletions that remove the col gene are lethal. During embryonic development col is expressed primarily in the CNS. Our results implicate the ubiquitin-mediated system in the development and function of the nervous system and in meiosis during spermatogenesis.
Deletion of an Insulator Element by the Mutation facet-strawberry in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Vazquez Julio , Schedl Paul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosomes are thought to be subdivided into a series of structurally and functionally independent units. Critical to this hypothesis is the identification of insulator or boundary elements that delimit chromosomal domains. The properties of a Notch mutation, facet-strawberry (faswb), suggest that this small deletion disrupts such a boundary element. faswb is located in the interband separating polytene band 3C7, which contains Notch, from the distal band 3C6. The faswb mutation alters the structural organization of the chromosome by deleting the interband and fusing 3C7 with 3C6. Genetic studies also suggest that faswb compromises the functional autonomy of Notch by allowing the locus to become sensitive to chromosomal position effects emanating from distal sequences. In the studies reported here, we show that a DNA fragment spanning the faswb region can insulate reporter transgenes against chromosomal position effects and can block enhancer-promoter interactions. Moreover, we find that insulating activity is dependent on sequences deleted in faswb. These results provide evidence that the element defined by the faswb mutation corresponds to an insulator.
Transforming practices of diplomacy: the European External Action Service and digital disinformation
Authors: Hedling Elsa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article explores the transformative role of practices of countering digital disinformation in European Union diplomacy. It argues that an overlooked dimension of the change brought by the rise of digital disinformation is located in the emergence of everyday countering practices. Efforts to counter disinformation have led to the recruitment of new actors with different dispositions and skill sets than those of traditional diplomats and state officials in diplomatic organizations such as the European External Action Service. Focusing on the countering efforts by the East StratCom Task Force, a unit introduced in 2015, the article argues that the composition of actors, the task force's practices and the reorientation in audience perception it reflected, contributed significantly to institutional transformation. Drawing on 23 interviews with key actors and building on recent advancements in international practice theory, the article shows how change and transformation can be studied in practices that have resulted from digitalization in international politics. The article thus contributes to an increased understanding of the digitalization of diplomacy in which new practices can emerge from both deliberate reflection and experimentation.
The Typical Structure of Sets With Small Sumset
Authors: Campos Marcelo , Collares Maurício , Morris Robert , Morrison Natasha , Souza Victor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper we determine the number and typical structure of sets of integers with bounded doubling. In particular, improving recent results of Green and Morris, and of Mazur, we show that the following holds for every fixed $\lambda&gt; 2$ and every $k \geqslant (\log n)^4$: if $\omega \rightarrow \infty $ as $n \rightarrow \infty $ (arbitrarily slowly), then almost all sets $A \subset [n]$ with $|A| = k$ and $|A + A| \leqslant \lambda k$ are contained in an arithmetic progression of length $\lambda k/2 + \omega $.
What is the pelvic tilt in acetabular dysplasia and does it change following peri-acetabular osteotomy?
Authors: Roussot Mark A , Salih Saif , Grammatopoulos George , Witt Johan D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To quantify the pelvic tilt (PT) in patients with symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and determine if it represents a compensatory mechanism to improve femoral head coverage, we studied a cohort of 16 patients undergoing 32 bilateral staged PAOs for acetabular dysplasia and compared this to a matched cohort of 32 patients undergoing PAO for unilateral acetabular dysplasia all with &gt;1 year follow-up. The change in PT was determined with two validated methods, namely, the sacro-femoral-pubic (SFP) angle and the pubic symphysis to sacroiliac index (PS-SI). Despite an improvement in the lateral centre-edge and Tönnis angles to within normal limits following PAO, patients with unilateral and bilateral acetabular dysplasia have similar PT pre-operatively (8° ± 5°) and post-operatively (9° ± 5°). A change of &gt;5° was observed in only six patients (13%) using the SFP angle, and five patients (10%) using the PS-SI, all increased (posterior rotation of the pelvis). No patients were observed to have a change in PT &gt;10°. The observed PT in our study group is equivalent to that found in the normal population and in patient with symptomatic acetabular retroversion. These findings all suggest that PT is morphological rather than a result of a compensatory mechanism, and even if it was compensatory, it does not appear to reverse significantly following PAO. The target for acetabular reorientation, therefore, remains constant.
The Latest Generation of SEZs: Consumer-Oriented Unilateralism in China’s E-Commerce Trade
Authors: Huang Jie (Jeanne) 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
World Trade Organization multilateralism is driven by manufacturers. However, in China, Cross-border E-commerce Retail Import has spurred a new, consumer-oriented trade unilateralism. Cross-border E-commerce Retail Import prospers within China’s National Cross-Border E-commerce Pilot Cities, which are special economic zones aimed at using unilateral trade liberalization to meet consumers’ growing demands for high-quality foreign products. Cross-border E-commerce Retail Import enhances consumer benefits beyond reducing customer formalities and tax rates and lowering product prices. It re-conceptualizes consumer protection by treating consumers as diverse individuals rather than as a homothetic group. It also empowers consumers by making them ‘importers’ to minimize behind-the-border trade barriers. Cross-border E-commerce Retail Import warrants a rethinking of World Trade Organization multilateralism from its initial focus on corporations and capital owners to a revised focus on consumers.
Dietary Intake of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Breast Cancer Risk in the NHS and NHS II Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Tobias Deirdre K , Chai Boyang , Tamimi Rulla M , Manson JoAnn E , Hu Frank B , Willett Walter C , Eliassen A Heather 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids common throughout the US diet. Although circulating BCAAs have been implicated in insulin resistance and some obesity-related cancers, the relationship between dietary intake of BCAAs and incident breast cancer is unknown. We sought to evaluate the association between long-term dietary intakes of BCAAs and invasive breast cancer risk.

Methods
Our analyses included 196 161 women from the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II longitudinal cohorts. Average intakes of total and individual BCAAs (isoleucine, leucine, valine) were estimated from repeated diet questionnaires and incident self-reported breast cancer cases were confirmed via medical record review. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for reproductive history, lifestyle, body mass index, and other breast cancer risk factors, were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
We observed 10 046 incident cases of breast cancer over a median of 20.8 years of follow-up. No associations between dietary intakes of total or individual BCAAs with breast cancer risk were observed. Compared with women in the bottom quintile of BCAA intake, the hazard ratio of breast cancer for those in the top quintile was 1.05 (95% confidence interval = 0.98 to 1.12; 2-sided Ptrend = .20). Findings were consistent across molecular subtypes and according to type 2 diabetes diagnosis and body mass index categories.

Conclusions
Dietary intakes of BCAAs are not likely a risk factor for breast cancer.