bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VFDB 2022: a general classification scheme for bacterial virulence factors
Authors: Liu Bo , Zheng Dandan , Zhou Siyu , Chen Lihong , Yang Jian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The virulence factor database (VFDB, http://www.mgc.ac.cn/VFs/) is dedicated to presenting a comprehensive knowledge base and a versatile analysis platform for bacterial virulence factors (VFs). Recent developments in sequencing technologies have led to increasing demands to analyze potential VFs within microbiome data that always consist of many different bacteria. Nevertheless, the current classification of VFs from various pathogens is based on different schemes, which create a chaotic situation and form a barrier for the easy application of the VFDB dataset for future panbacterial metagenomic analyses. Therefore, based on extensive literature mining, we recently proposed a general category of bacterial VFs in the database and reorganized the VFDB dataset accordingly. Thus, all known bacterial VFs from 32 genera of common bacterial pathogens collected in the VFDB are well grouped into 14 basal categories along with over 100 subcategories in a hierarchical architecture. The new coherent and well-defined VFDB dataset will be feasible and applicable for future panbacterial analysis in terms of virulence factors. In addition, we introduced a redesigned JavaScript-independent web interface for the VFDB website to make the database readily accessible to all users with various client settings worldwide.
Advantages and limitations of the methodological approaches used to study dietary shifts towards improved nutrition and sustainability
Authors: Perignon Marlène , Darmon Nicole 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Acting on diet is one of the changes required – in combination with actions on food production, transformation, and waste – to address the challenges of reducing the environmental impact of our food systems and eliminating all forms of malnutrition. The number of studies exploring how to move towards a more sustainable diet has exploded over the past decades, but there is a need to facilitate their understanding and use by policy makers and all other stakeholders possibly influencing diet sustainability. The aim of the present article is to propose a categorization of studies into 4 approaches, based on the type of methodology used to explore diet sustainability, and to highlight the principles, advantages, and limitations of each approach in order to help study users in their interpretation. The 4 approaches are: assessment of sustainability characteristics of hypothetical diets (approach 1) or existing diets (approach 2), identification of existing “positive deviants” (approach 3), and design of more sustainable diets with constrained optimization (approach 4). Specificities and key findings drawn from each approach are described, and challenges for future studies are discussed.
Carpal tunnel syndrome and Raynaud’s phenomenon: a narrative review
Authors: Cooke Roger , Lawson Ian , Gillibrand Susanna , Cooke Andrew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a recognized symptom associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and is also the vascular manifestation of hand arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). The symptoms of HAVS and CTS are such that there is a significant possibility of misdiagnosis and an incorrect attribution of vascular and sensory symptoms. An understanding of the relationship between RP and CTS is essential when undertaking health surveillance of vibration-exposed workers presenting with combined vascular and sensory symptoms.

Aims
To clarify the relationship between CTS and Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Methods
A systematic search was undertaken of studies that reviewed links between CTS and Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP).

Results
A total of 4170 papers were identified, with 21 articles that were then reviewed in full, including 1 meta-analysis of 8 studies. Eighteen papers, not included in the meta-analysis, were found including 3 case control studies, 9 case reports, 2 prospective studies and 4 retrospective reviews. Papers were reviewed on the basis of the diagnostic criteria used for CTS and RP. Our review of the literature confirms a substantial body of evidence of a relationship between RP and CTS.

Conclusions
It is recommended that assessment of vibration exposed individuals who report concurrent RP and separate sensory symptoms suggestive of, or compatible with CTS, should formally exclude CTS before attributing symptoms to HAVS.
Elevated plasma von Willebrand factor levels are associated with subsequent ischemic stroke in persons with treated HIV infection
Authors: Graham Susan M , Nance Robin M , Chen Junmei , Le Jennie , Chung Dominic W , Wurfel Mark M , Tirschwell David L , Zunt Joseph R , Marra Christina M , Ho Emily L , Huffer Andrew , Chow Felicia C , Martin Jeffrey N , Ryan Alice S , Crane Heidi M , López José A , Liles W Conrad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
We assessed whether key biomarkers of endothelial activation and hemostasis/thrombosis were elevated in individuals receiving effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the year before ischemic stroke.

Methods
We conducted a case-control study nested in the CNICS cohort, comparing 42 adjudicated cases with ischemic stroke to 83 controls matched for ART regimen. Angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, plasminogen activation inhibitor-1, P-selectin, serum amyloid-A, soluble CD14, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, apolipoprotein A1, ADAMTS13, and von Willebrand factor (VWF) were measured in stored plasma collected before the stroke event. We used conditional logistic regression to identify associations with ischemic stroke, with and without adjustment for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) and Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) scores.

Results
After adjustment for age and sex, higher plasma viral load and higher angiopoeitin-2, soluble CD14, and VWF were associated with increased odds of ischemic stroke; higher nadir CD4 count was associated with decreased odds of ischemic stroke. VWF remained associated with subsequent ischemic stroke after adjustment for ASCVD score (adjusted odds 1.74, 95%CI 1.01–2.98 per log2 increment). In a separate model adjusting for VACS score, only VWF (adjusted odds 1.80, 95% CI 1.04–3.12 per log2 increment) was associated with subsequent ischemic stroke. In a sensitivity analysis excluding participants with viral load ≥400 copies/mL, associations between VWF and ischemic stroke were attenuated, with risk estimates ranging from 1.59–1.64 per log2 increment.

Conclusions
Endothelial activation and related release and attachment of VWF may play an important role in ischemic stroke among persons living with treated HIV infection.
High-Dose Rate Interstitial Spine Brachytherapy Using an Intraoperative Mobile Computed Tomography-Guided Surgical Navigation System
Authors: Medina Rogelio , Macyszyn Luke , Lim Andrew S , Attiah Mark , Kafka-Peterson Kayla , Kaprelian Tania , Hegde John V , Venkat Puja , Lee Alan , Park Sang-June , Chang Albert J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Up to 15% of previously irradiated metastatic spine tumors will progress. Re-irradiation of these tumors poses a significant risk of exceeding the radiation tolerance to the spinal cord. High-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy is a treatment alternative.

OBJECTIVE
To develop a novel HDR spine brachytherapy technique using an intraoperative computed tomography-guided navigation (iCT navigation).

METHODS
Patients with progressive metastatic spine tumors were included in the study. HDR brachytherapy catheters were placed under iCT navigation. CT-based planning with magnetic resonance imaging fusion was performed to ensure conformal dose delivery to the target while sparing normal tissue, including the spinal cord. Patients received single fraction radiation treatment.

RESULTS
Five patients with thoracolumbar tumors were treated with HDR brachytherapy. Four patients previously received radiotherapy to the same spinal level. Preimplant plans demonstrated median clinical target volume (CTV) D90 of 116.5% (110.8%-147.7%), V100 of 95.7% (95.5%-99.6%), and Dmax of 8.08 Gy (7.65-9.8 Gy) to the spinal cord/cauda equina. Postimplant plans provided median CTV D90 of 113.8% (93.6%-120.1%), V100 of 95.9% (87%-99%), and Dmax of 9.48 Gy (6.5-10.3 Gy) to cord/cauda equina. Patients who presented with back pain (n = 3) noted symptomatic improvement at a median follow-up of 22 d after treatment. Four patients demonstrated local tumor control of spinal metastatic tumor at a median follow-up of 92 d after treatment. One patient demonstrated radiographic evidence of local tumor progression 2.7 mo after treatment.

CONCLUSION
HDR spine brachytherapy with iCT navigation is a promising treatment alternative to induce local tumor control and reduce pain symptoms associated with metastatic spine disease.
Heat stress reveals a specialized variant of the pachytene checkpoint in meiosis of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: De Jaeger-Braet Joke , Krause Linda , Buchholz Anika , Schnittger Arp 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Plant growth and fertility strongly depend on environmental conditions such as temperature. Remarkably, temperature also influences meiotic recombination and thus, the current climate change will affect the genetic make-up of plants. To better understand the effects of temperature on meiosis, we followed male meiocytes in Arabidopsis thaliana by live cell imaging under three temperature regimes: at 21°C; at heat shock conditions of 30°C and 34°C; after an acclimatization phase of 1 week at 30°C. This work led to a cytological framework of meiotic progression at elevated temperature. We determined that an increase from 21°C to 30°C speeds up meiosis with specific phases being more amenable to heat than others. An acclimatization phase often moderated this effect. A sudden increase to 34°C promoted a faster progression of early prophase compared to 21°C. However, the phase in which cross-overs mature was prolonged at 34°C. Since mutants involved in the recombination pathway largely did not show the extension of this phase at 34°C, we conclude that the delay is recombination-dependent. Further analysis also revealed the involvement of the ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED kinase in this prolongation, indicating the existence of a pachytene checkpoint in plants, yet in a specialized form.
Auxiliary Police Volunteer Experiences and Motivations to Volunteer in Canada
Authors: O’Connor Christopher D , Frederick Tyler , Koziarski Jacek , Baker Victoria , Kosoralo Kaylee 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Policing has become a shared endeavour among a variety of community stakeholders. Citizens are expected to take on a more active role in securing their own safety. Volunteers are one particular group that has been marshalled to become an essential part of policing. In Canada, volunteers work alongside police officers as auxiliary members and assist in a wide range of activities, such as victim support, safety campaigns, community events, and patrol. Despite auxiliary members actively participating in policing duties, we know little about their experiences or motivations for volunteering. This article presents the results of a survey conducted with auxiliary police personnel at a police service in Canada and discusses their roles and tasks, perceived quality of and ways to improve their experiences, and motivations to volunteer. We conclude by discussing how police services could enhance auxiliary members’ experiences and better integrate this group into regular police officer recruitment efforts.
Supporting mathematical modelling by upscaling real context in a sequence of tasks
Authors: Albarracín Lluís , Segura Carlos , Ferrando Irene , Gorgorió Núria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCreating and developing mathematical models to solve real-world problems is a complex task and students often have difficulties in tackling it successfully. The design and implementation of sequences that help students autonomously develop their ability to solve modelling tasks could be a useful scaffolding tool to foster modelling learning. In this paper we present a sequence of estimation tasks in a real context based on what we have called the upscaling technique, which consists of scaling the accessibility and knowledge of the context used. A study with two samples of grade 10 students, experimental and control, has allowed us to find out whether this sequence promotes success in solving complex contextualized estimation problems and whether it helps students to improve their mathematical models.
Novel Deployment of Pediatric Biocontainment Unit Nurses in Response to COVID-19
Authors: Kinlay Stephanie Heather , Whiting Jon , Audain Pascale , Conrad Paula , Kulma Amy , Agus Michael S. D. , Sandora Thomas J. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT:
Most existing biocontainment units (BCUs) in U.S. hospitals are designed to care for a limited number of patients infected with epidemiologically significant pathogens. The COVID-19 pandemic presented substantial challenges to hospital preparedness and operations because of its high incidence rate and the high risk of transmission to staff members. This article describes a novel practice innovation: a hospital-wide deployment of nurses on a trained BCU team to support hospital staff in safely caring for patients with COVID-19. Their responsibilities included assisting in the development of guidelines and providing training on safety protocols and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment. The authors show how this deployment contributed significantly to staff education and support during the pandemic.
The 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System
Authors: Emery-Tiburcio Erin E. , Mack Laurin , Zonsius Mary C. , Carbonell Ellen , Newman Michelle 
Published: October 2021

This article is the first in a new series, Supporting Family Caregivers in the 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute as part of the ongoing Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone series. The 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility) is an evidence-based framework for assessing and acting on critical issues in the care of older adults across settings and transitions of care. Engaging the health care team, including older adults and their family caregivers, with the 4Ms framework can help to ensure that every older adult gets the best care possible, is not harmed by health care, and is satisfied with the care they receive.
The articles in this new series present considerations for implementing the 4Ms framework in the inpatient hospital setting and incorporating family caregivers in doing so. Resources for both nurses and family caregivers, including a series of accompanying videos developed by AARP and the Rush Center for Excellence in Aging and funded by the John A. Hartford Foundation, are also provided. Nurses should read the articles first, so they understand how best to help family caregivers. Then they can refer caregivers to the informational tear sheet—Guide to the 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System for Family Caregivers—and instructional videos, encouraging them to ask questions. For additional information, see Resources for Nurses.
Small nucleolar RNA is potential as a novel player in leukemogenesis and clinical application
Authors: Lin Li-Min , Pan Qi , Sun Yu-Meng , Wang Wen-Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lack of clarity of the mechanisms that underlie leukemogenesis obstructs the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of leukemia. Research has found that small nuclear RNA (snoRNA) plays an essential role in leukemia. These small non-coding RNAs are involved in ribosome biogenesis, including the 2′-O-methylation and pseudouridylation of precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA), and pre-rRNA splicing. Recently, many snoRNAs were found to be orphans that have no predictable RNA modification targets, but these RNAs have always been found to be located in different subcellular organelles, and they play diverse roles. Using high-throughput technology, snoRNA expression profiles have been revealed in leukemia, and some of the deregulated snoRNAs may regulate the cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in leukemic cells and confer drug resistance during leukemia treatment. In this review, we discuss the expression profiles and functions of snoRNAs, particularly orphan snoRNAs, in leukemia. It is possible that the dysregulated snoRNAs are promising diagnosis and prognosis markers for leukemia, which may serve as potential therapeutic targets in leukemia treatment.
The correlation between Flt3-ITD mutation in dendritic cells with TIM-3 expression in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Shapoorian Hooriyeh , Zalpoor Hamidreza , Ganjalikhani-Hakemi Mazdak 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In general, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease that is characterized by rapid cellular proliferation and high mortality. One of the mutations related to AML is the Flt3-ITD mutation, which is found in approximately 25% of patients. In this mini-review, we investigate the function of dendritic cells and T cells based on Flt3-ITD mutation and immune evasion as a result of this abnormality. Finally, we discuss some AML therapeutic strategies, including targeting Flt3 on DCs and TIM-3 on T cells as immune receptors to treat this hematopoietic malignancy.
Serum cortisol-to-cortisone ratio and 11-deoxycortisol are associated with hypertension and blood pressure in Chinese rural population: a cross sectional study
Authors: Song Yu , Nie Luting , Wei Dandan , Liu Pengling , Fan Keliang , Zhang Li , Wang Mian , Wang Lulu , Liao Wei , Kang Ning , Xu Qingqing , Wang Juan , Mao Zhenxing , Wang Chongjian , Huo Wenqian 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate the associations of cortisol-to-cortisone ratio (F/E) and 11-deoxycortisol (S) in hypertension and blood pressure among Chinese rural population.

Methods:
A total of 6233 participants from the Henan Rural Cohort Study were included. Serum cortisol (F), cortisone (E), and S were assessed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized linear model (GLM) and logistic regression model were performed to assess the associations of F, E, F/E, and S with blood pressure and hypertension. Moreover, the sex specificity of the associations was assessed.

Results:
Serum F, F/E, and S were positively associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP), while E was negatively associated with SBP and PP. There were no statistically significant associations of F and E with the prevalence of hypertension, while F/E and S were positively associated with hypertension [odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of F/E and S were 1.28 (1.13, 1.44) and 1.10 (1.04, 1.17), respectively. Also, the combination of high F/E and S was significantly associated with hypertension. The blood pressure indicators and the prevalence of hypertension increased with an incremental in the serum concentration of F, F/E, and S (all P
trend < 0.05). In addition, the positive association between F/E and SBP was stronger in women than that in men, and F/E was strongly positively associated with hypertension only in women (all P
interaction < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Serum F/E and S were positively associated with hypertension and blood pressure. Additionally, their combination has a synergistic effect on hypertension. Moreover, the associations of F and F/E with hypertension and blood pressure were in a sex-specific manner.
Mortality of 196,826 Men and Women Working in U.S.-Based Petrochemical and Refinery Operations
Authors: Wojcik Nancy C. , Gallagher Elizabeth M. , Alexander Melannie S. , Lewis R. Jeffrey 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
To describe mortality trends of men and women working in various petrochemical and refinery operations of a U.S.-based company.

Methods:
The cohort consists of full-time employees with at least 1 day of service during 1979 through 2010. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for 111 possible causes of death studied.

Results:
SMRs for malignant mesothelioma and asbestosis were highest for the 1940s decade of hire. Increased SMRs were observed for malignant melanoma and motor neuron disease with no obvious work patterns. Decreasing mortality patterns were observed for aplastic anemia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

Conclusions:
Mortality surveillance of this large established cohort aids in assessing the chronic health status of the workforce. Identifying methods for incorporating job-exposure matrices and nonoccupational risk factors could further enhance interpretations for some findings such as motor neuron disease.
Comprehensive Assessment of Implementation Factors Related to Worksite Exercise in Firefighters
Authors: Lane Charity L. , Brady O’Dane , Mayer John M. 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
This study sought to identify key implementation factors to a 12-month worksite exercise intervention in career firefighters.

Methods:
Implementation factors related to the hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial were assessed by exercise adherence, implementation questionnaires, focus groups, and observations from stakeholders.

Results:
The primary identified implementation themes spanned intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional factors including: 1. Time and desire to exercise on shift; 2. Financial incentives to exercise; 3. Structured fitness programs; 4. Group competition, cohesion, and camaraderie; 5. Leadership engagement and support; and 6. Health, fitness, and occupational preparedness benefits.

Conclusions:
Future worksite exercise programs should address the barriers and facilitators identified herein and consider utilizing a hybrid delivery approach combining supervised and telehealth exercise interventions to optimize enthusiasm, adherence and improve safety and health.
How can we make better decisions about dystonic voice management?
Authors: Rapoport Sarah K. , Kirke Diana N. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
The optimal diagnosis and management of dystonic voice disorders are rooted in the nuanced understanding of their phenomenology. Distinguishing between subtypes of vocal dystonia is challenging, not only because the audible and physical presentations of these dystonia's can seem similar, but also because there is a lack of scientific consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria for these conditions. To help improve the clinician's acumen we focus on outlining the classification of the top three neurological voice disorders, notably: spasmodic dysphonia, (2) spasmodic dysphonia with tremor, and essential tremor of the voice. We also provide an algorithmic approach based on current evidence-based literature to guide practitioners through the clinical diagnosis and management of each possible etiology.

Recent findings
Much remains unknown about the subtypes of vocal dystonia, and this gap in our knowledge likely limits our ability to advance clinical management. Still, continued experience evaluating and treating these patients yields refined clinical evaluations and decision making.

Summary
Improvements in our clinical decision-making can be made by acknowledging that our limited understanding of vocal dystonia may hinder what therapeutic interventions we can offer, yet our ability to accurately diagnose the dystonia is central to providing optimal patient management.