bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of the P-Glycoprotein Radiotracer [11C]Metoclopramide
Authors: Bauer Martin , Barna Sandra , Blaickner Matthias , Prosenz Konstantin , Bamminger Karsten , Pichler Verena , Tournier Nicolas , Hacker Marcus , Zeitlinger Markus , Karanikas Georgios , Langer Oliver 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess in healthy volunteers the whole-body distribution and dosimetry of [11C]metoclopramide, a new positron emission tomography (PET) tracer to measure P-glycoprotein activity at the blood-brain barrier.

Procedures
Ten healthy volunteers (five women, five men) were intravenously injected with 387 ± 49 MBq of [11C]metoclopramide after low dose CT scans and were then imaged by whole-body PET scans from head to upper thigh over approximately 70 min. Ten source organs (brain, thyroid gland, right lung, myocardium, liver, gall bladder, left kidney, red bone marrow, muscle and the contents of the urinary bladder) were manually delineated on whole-body images. Absorbed doses were calculated with QDOSE (ABX-CRO) using the integrated IDAC-Dose 2.1 module.

Results
The majority of the administered dose of [11C]metoclopramide was taken up into the liver followed by urinary excretion and, to a smaller extent, biliary excretion of radioactivity. The mean effective dose of [11C]metoclopramide was 1.69 ± 0.26 μSv/MBq for female subjects and 1.55 ± 0.07 μSv/MBq for male subjects. The two organs receiving the highest radiation doses were the urinary bladder (10.81 ± 0.23 μGy/MBq and 8.78 ± 0.89 μGy/MBq) and the liver (6.80 ± 0.78 μGy/MBq and 4.91 ± 0.74 μGy/MBq) for female and male subjects, respectively.

Conclusions
[11C]Metoclopramide showed predominantly renal excretion, and is safe and well tolerated in healthy adults. The effective dose of [11C]metoclopramide was comparable to other 11C-labeled PET tracers.
Exploration for the real causative agents of licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism
Authors: Makino Toshiaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractI investigated the causative agents of licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism, which is a frequent side effect of Japanese traditional Kampo medicines. Glycyrrhizin (GL), the main ingredient of licorice, is absorbed after being metabolized to glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) by intestinal bacteria, and then metabolized in liver to 3-monoglucuronyl-glycyrrhetinic acid (3MGA). In normal condition, 3MGA is excreted into bile via a multidrug resistance-related protein (Mrp) 2, therefore, 3MGA does not appear in blood circulation. However, under the dysfunction of Mrp2, 3MGA appears in the blood circulation and is excreted into the urine by not glomerular filtration but tubular secretion via organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and 3. At this time, 3MGA inhibits type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD2) in tubular cells to cause pseudoaldosteronism. Since GA is not the substrates of these transporters, GA cannot inhibit 11βHSD2 in tubular cells. Therefore, it was considered that 3MGA was the causative agents of licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism. After that, I isolated and identified three other GL metabolites, 22α-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate-30-glucuronide (1), 22α-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate (2), and 18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate (3) from the urine of Mrp2-deficient rats orally treated with GA, and found that their blood and urinary concentrations were much higher than 3MGA and that their pharmacokinetic behaviors were similar to 3MGA. 3MGA was not detected in the blood of patients with pseudoaldosteronism who developed rhabdomyolysis due to licorice, and compound 3 was detected at a high concentration. In addition, a multicenter retrospective study was conducted using the serum and urine of 97 patients who took Kampo medicines containing licorice. Of a total of 97 patients, 67 detected GA in the serum (median 122 nM, 5 nM–1.8 µM) and 68 detected compound 3 (median 239 nM, 2 nM–4.2 µM), and there were no cases of detection of GL, 3MGA, compounds 1, and 2. High blood concentrations of compound 3 were associated with low plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone levels, and serum potassium levels. It is highly probable that compound 3 is the true causative agent of pseudoaldosteronism.
How Does Administrative Data Compare with Census Data for the Measurement of Internal Migration? The Case of Northern Ireland, 2001–2011
Authors: Foley Brian , Champion Tony , Shuttleworth Ian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper compares and contrasts internal migration measured by healthcard-based administrative data with census figures. This is useful because the collection of population data, its processing, and its dissemination by statistical agencies is becoming more reliant on administrative data. Statistical agencies already use healthcard data to make migration estimates and are increasingly confident about local population estimates from administrative sources. This analysis goes further than this work as it assesses how far healthcard data can produce reliable data products of the kind to which academics are accustomed. It does this by examining migration events versus transitions over a full intercensal period; population flows into and out of small areas; and the extent to which it produces microdata on migration equivalent to that in the census. It is shown that for most demographic groups and places healthcard data is an adequate substitute for census-based migration counts, the exceptions being for student households and younger people. However, census-like information is still needed to provide covariates for analysis and this will still be required whatever the future of the traditional census.
Recent Progress in Microfiber-Optic Sensors
Authors: Luo Wei , Chen Ye , Xu Fei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, microfiber-optic sensors with high sensitivity, fast response times, and a compact size have become an area of interest that integrates fiber optics and nanotechnology. Distinct advantages of optical microfiber, such as large accessible evanescent fields and convenient configurability, provide attractive benefits for micro- and nano-scale optical sensing. Here, we review the basic principles of microfiber-optic sensors based on a broad range of microstructures, nanostructures, and functional materials. We also introduce the recent progress and state-of-the-art in this field and discuss the limitations and opportunities for future development.
Präferenzen von Menschen mit Pflegebedarf
Authors: Rommerskirch-Manietta Mike , Roes Martina , Stacke Tobias-Ingo , Manietta Christina , Bergmann Johannes-Michael , Purwins Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Beachtung von Präferenzen des alltäglichen Lebens wird in der pflegerischen Versorgung mit einer Vielzahl von positiven Versorgungsergebnissen assoziiert. Derzeit ist unbekannt, ob in bundesdeutschen Pflegeeinrichtungen Präferenzen von Menschen mit Pflegebedarf systematisch erhoben werden, und inwiefern diese in der Pflegedokumentation auffindbar sind.

Ziel
Das Ziel der Studie bestand darin zu untersuchen, welche und wie viele Präferenzen von Menschen mit Pflegebedarf in der Pflegedokumentation in verschiedenen pflegerischen Settings dokumentiert werden.

Methode
Eine explorative Analyse von Pflegedokumentationen (n = 24) wurde in 4 Settings der pflegerischen Versorgung durchgeführt. Die erhobenen Daten wurden inhaltsanalytisch induktiv sowie quantitativ ausgewertet.

Ergebnis
Es konnten 20 verschiedene Präferenzen identifiziert werden, die sich 5 Oberkategorien zuordnen ließen. Die Analyse zeigte in allen einbezogenen Settings, dass am häufigsten Präferenzen zu den Themen Pflege und Alltag in der Pflegedokumentation dokumentiert waren.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Verschriftlichung von Präferenzen in der Pflegedokumentation ist in allen Settings unsystematisch, zugleich wird die Beachtung von Präferenzen des alltäglichen Lebens als relevant für die Pflege erachtet. Hier bietet die Verwendung eines Instruments zur systematischen Erfassung von Präferenzen die Möglichkeiten, einerseits die Sensibilisierung für dieses Thema zu stärken und andererseits die Zufriedenheit der Menschen mit Pflegebedarf zu steigern.
Appendicitis: Clinical implications in negative appendectomy
Authors: Pooria Ali , Pourya Afsoun , Gheini Alireza 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Appendectomy is one of the most common surgical emergencies for appendicitis. Despite the improvement in diagnosis, increased incidence of negative appendectomy is widely reported. The aim of this study to investigate the incidence of negative appendectomy.

Method:
In this observational study, records 538 patients who underwent appendectomy were evaluated. Demographic data and pathological findings of the appendix were noted, and statistical analysis was conducted on the data obtained.

Result:
Among 200 female and 338 male patients, there were 28% and 18.3% negative appendectomies, respectively. Second half of the year was associated with greater frequency of negative appendectomy, 25.7%. According to the age groups, the highest incidence of the negative appendectomy was reported in patients aged 10–19 years and 50–59 years, respectively. Ovarian cyst had the greatest incidence among negative appendectomy cases.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that the incidence of negative appendectomy is more common in female gender and reproductive disorders can be the common cause of this. Furthermore, young people are exposed to the increased incidence of negative appendectomy. Diagnostic methods to distinguish gynecological and abdominal dysfunction with acute appendicitis can reduce the incidence of negative appendectomy.

Highlights
Complicated grief knowledge and practice: a qualitative study of general practitioners in Ireland
Authors: Muhammed Abiola , Dodd Anne , Guerin Suzanne , Delaney Susan , Dodd Philip 
Published: January 2021

Objective:Complicated grief is a debilitating condition that individuals may experience after losing a loved one. General practitioners (GPs) are well positioned to provide patients with support for grief-related issues. Traditionally, Irish GPs play an important role in providing patients with emotional support regarding bereavement. However, GPs have commonly reported not being aptly trained to respond to bereavement-related issues. This study explores GPs’ current knowledge of and practice regarding complicated grief.Methods:A qualitative study adopting a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of GPs on this issue. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample of nine GPs (five men and four women) in Ireland. Potential participants were contacted via email and phone. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using Braun & Clarke’s (2006) model of thematic analysis.Results:GPs had limited awareness of the concept of complicated grief and were unfamiliar with relevant research. They also reported that their training was either non-existent or outdated. GPs formed their own knowledge of grief-related issues based on their intuition and experiences. For these reasons, there was not one agreed method of how to respond to grief-related issues reported by patients, though participants recognised the need for intervention, onward referral and review.Conclusions:The research highlighted that GPs felt they required training in complicated grief so that they would be better able to identify and respond to complicated grief.
The δ13C, δ18O and Δ47records in biogenic, pedogenic and geogenic carbonate types from paleosol-loess sequence and their paleoenvironmental meaning
Authors: Zamanian Kazem , Lechler Alex R. , Schauer Andrew J. , Kuzyakov Yakov , Huntington Katharine W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPaleoenvironmental reconstructions are commonly based on isotopic signatures of a variety of carbonate types, including rhizoliths and land-snail shells, present in paleosol-loess sequences. However, various carbonate types are formed through distinct biotic and abiotic processes over various periods, and therefore may record diverging environmental information in the same sedimentological layer. Here, we investigate the effects of carbonate type on δ13C, δ18O, and clumped isotope-derived paleotemperature [T(Δ47)] from the Quaternary Nussloch paleosol-loess sequence (Rhine Valley, SW Germany). δ13C, δ18O, and T(Δ47) values of co-occurring rhizoliths (-8.2‰ to -5.8‰, -6.1‰ to -5.9‰, 12–32°C, respectively), loess dolls (-7.0‰, -5.6‰, 23°C), land-snail shells (-8.1‰ to -3.2‰, -4.0‰ to -2.2‰, 12–38°C), earthworm biospheroliths (-11‰, -4.7‰, 8°C), and “bulk” carbonates (-1.9‰ to -0.5‰, -5.6‰ to -5.3‰, 78–120°C) from three sediment layers depend systematically on the carbonate type, admixture from geogenic carbonate, and the duration of formation periods. Based on these findings, we provide a comprehensive summary for the application of the three isotopic proxies of δ13C, δ18O, and Δ47in biogenic and pedogenic carbonates present in the same sediment layer to reconstruct paleoenvironments (e.g., local vegetation, evaporative conditions, and temperature). We conclude that bulk carbonates in Nussloch loess should be excluded from paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Instead, pedogenic and biogenic carbonates should be used to provide context for interpreting the isotopic signature for detailed site- and time-specific paleoenvironmental information.
The prevalence of tinnitus in China: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Zhang D , Xu Q , Caimino C , Baguley D M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to identify reports of the prevalence of tinnitus in China and to present these findings in a review format.MethodThis study assessed and collated published prevalence estimates of tinnitus and tinnitus severity, creating a narrative synthesis of the data from publications identified from a combination of Chinese and English language databases.ResultsA total of 23 studies were included. Tinnitus prevalence ranged from 4.3 per cent to 51.33 per cent but varied with age and gender. The highest increase in prevalence from previous decade in age occurs during the fifth and sixth decades, and the highest prevalence was in the seventh decade at 32.47 per cent. There is also evidence that tinnitus prevalence is related to certain risk factors including comorbid disorders.ConclusionThe prevalence of tinnitus in mainland China in this study is consistent with global data. With increasing awareness of the prevalence of tinnitus in China, the development of epidemiological standards is a priority.
Know your enemy – transcriptome of myxozoanTetracapsuloides bryosalmonaereveals potential drug targets against proliferative kidney disease in salmonids
Authors: Ahmad Freed , Debes Paul V. , Pukk Lilian , Kahar Siim , Hartikainen Hanna , Gross Riho , Vasemägi Anti 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe myxozoanTetracapsuloides bryosalmonaeis a widely spread endoparasite that causes proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonid fish. We developed anin silicopipeline to separate transcripts ofT. bryosalmonaefrom the kidney tissue of its natural vertebrate host, brown trout (Salmo trutta). After stringent filtering, we constructed a partial transcriptome assemblyT. bryosalmonae, comprising 3427 transcripts. Based on homology-restricted searches of the assembled parasite transcriptome and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) proteome, we identified four protein targets (Endoglycoceramidase, Legumain-like protease, Carbonic anhydrase 2, Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2) for the development of anti-parasitic drugs againstT. bryosalmonae. Earlier work of these proteins on parasitic protists and helminths suggests that the identified anti-parasitic drug targets represent promising chemotherapeutic candidates also againstT. bryosalmonae, and strengthen the view that the known inhibitors can be effective in evolutionarily distant organisms. In addition, we identified differentially expressedT. bryosalmonaegenes between moderately and severely infected fish, indicating an increased abundance ofT. bryosalmonaesporogonic stages in fish with low parasite load. In conclusion, this study paves the way for future genomic research inT. bryosalmonaeand represents an important step towards the development of effective drugs against PKD.
Collective foresight and intelligence for sustainability
Authors: Wood Sylvia L. R. , Luers Amy , Garard Jennifer , Gambhir Ajay , Chaudhari Kalpana , Ivanova Maria , Cronin Casey 
Published: January 2021

Non-technical summary
Charting robust pathways towards more sustainable futures that ‘leave no one behind’ requires that diverse communities engage in collective foresight and intelligence exercises to better understand global systemic challenges, anticipate the emerging risks and opportunities that disruptions present, and share perspectives on how to respond and inform decision-making. We report on the recent use of an international rapid foresight survey to assess expected societal trends over the next 3 years following the COVID-19 crisis. The results illustrate the power of collective foresight approaches to provide timely, nuanced insights for decision-making across sectors and scales, particularly in times of uncertainty.

Technical summary
We present the findings of a rapid foresight survey launched in spring 2020 to draw on the collective intelligence of the global community on where the world is headed post-COVID-19. Respondents were asked to (i) assess five key societal trends in the coming 3 years, (ii) provide news headlines they both expect and hope to see, and (iii) assess the role of digital technologies during crises. Analysis of over 2000 responses from more than 90 countries revealed important regional differences in expected societal trends related to sustainability. More respondents in the Global South expected shifts towards less inequality while more respondents in the Global North expected shifts towards a smaller ecological footprint. Qualitative analysis of proposed news headlines revealed four broad themes of focus (environment, equity, health, and economy), and yielded insights into perspectives on critical drivers of change. Finally, the survey report found that the vast majority of respondents were not opposed to digital surveillance in crises. In presenting these results, we explore the value of collective foresight and intelligence exercises in providing pluralistic inputs to decision-making and in complementing more prevalent methods of forecasting.

Social media summary
Collective foresight exercises with diverse communities can help chart robust pathways to more sustainable futures.
Investigating rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic exonic variation in bipolar disorder
Authors: Jia Xiaoming , Goes Fernando S. , Locke Adam E. , Palmer Duncan , Wang Weiqing , Cohen-Woods Sarah , Genovese Giulio , Jackson Anne U. , Jiang Chen , Kvale Mark , Mullins Niamh , Nguyen Hoang , Pirooznia Mehdi , Rivera Margarita , Ruderfer Douglas M. , Shen Ling , Thai Khanh , Zawistowski Matthew , Zhuang Yongwen , Abecasis Gonçalo , Akil Huda , Bergen Sarah , Burmeister Margit , Chapman Sinéad , DelaBastide Melissa , Juréus Anders , Kang Hyun Min , Kwok Pui-Yan , Li Jun Z. , Levy Shawn E. , Monson Eric T. , Moran Jennifer , Sobell Janet , Watson Stanley , Willour Virginia , Zöllner Sebastian , Adolfsson Rolf , Blackwood Douglas , Boehnke Michael , Breen Gerome , Corvin Aiden , Craddock Nick , DiFlorio Arianna , Hultman Christina M. , Landen Mikael , Lewis Cathryn , McCarroll Steven A. , Richard McCombie W. , McGuffin Peter , McIntosh Andrew , McQuillin Andrew , Morris Derek , Myers Richard M. , O’Donovan Michael , Ophoff Roel , Boks Marco , Kahn Rene , Ouwehand Willem , Owen Michael , Pato Carlos , Pato Michele , Posthuma Danielle , Potash James B. , Reif Andreas , Sklar Pamela , Smoller Jordan , Sullivan Patrick F. , Vincent John , Walters James , Neale Benjamin , Purcell Shaun , Risch Neil , Schaefer Catherine , Stahl Eli A. , Zandi Peter P. , Scott Laura J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is a serious mental illness with substantial common variant heritability. However, the role of rare coding variation in BD is not well established. We examined the protein-coding (exonic) sequences of 3,987 unrelated individuals with BD and 5,322 controls of predominantly European ancestry across four cohorts from the Bipolar Sequencing Consortium (BSC). We assessed the burden of rare, protein-altering, single nucleotide variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P-LP) both exome-wide and within several groups of genes with phenotypic or biologic plausibility in BD. While we observed an increased burden of rare coding P-LP variants within 165 genes identified as BD GWAS regions in 3,987 BD cases (meta-analysis OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3–2.8, one-sided p = 6.0 × 10−4), this enrichment did not replicate in an additional 9,929 BD cases and 14,018 controls (OR = 0.9, one-side p = 0.70). Although BD shares common variant heritability with schizophrenia, in the BSC sample we did not observe a significant enrichment of P-LP variants in SCZ GWAS genes, in two classes of neuronal synaptic genes (RBFOX2 and FMRP) associated with SCZ or in loss-of-function intolerant genes. In this study, the largest analysis of exonic variation in BD, individuals with BD do not carry a replicable enrichment of rare P-LP variants across the exome or in any of several groups of genes with biologic plausibility. Moreover, despite a strong shared susceptibility between BD and SCZ through common genetic variation, we do not observe an association between BD risk and rare P-LP coding variants in genes known to modulate risk for SCZ.