bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling population effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a long‐lived species
Authors: Schwacke Lori H. , Marques Tiago A. , Thomas Len , Booth Cormac G. , Balmer Brian C. , Barratclough Ashley , Colegrove Kathleen , De Guise Sylvain , Garrison Lance P. , Gomez Forrest M. , Morey Jeanine S. , Mullin Keith D. , Quigley Brian M. , Rosel Patricia E. , Rowles Teresa K. , Takeshita Ryan , Townsend Forrest I. , Speakman Todd R. , Wells Randall S. , Zolman Eric S. , Smith Cynthia R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill exposed common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana to heavy oiling that caused increased mortality and chronic disease and impaired reproduction in surviving dolphins. We conducted photographic surveys and veterinary assessments in the decade following the spill. We assigned a prognostic score (good, fair, guarded, poor, or grave) for each dolphin to provide a single integrated indicator of overall health, and we examined temporal trends in prognostic scores. We used expert elicitation to quantify the implications of trends for the proportion of the dolphins that would recover within their lifetime. We integrated expert elicitation, along with other new information, in a population dynamics model to predict the effects of observed health trends on demography. We compared the resulting population trajectory with that predicted under baseline (no spill) conditions. Disease conditions persisted and have recently worsened in dolphins that were presumably exposed to DWH oil: 78% of those assessed in 2018 had a guarded, poor, or grave prognosis. Dolphins born after the spill were in better health. We estimated that the population declined by 45% (95% CI 14–74) relative to baseline and will take 35 years (95% CI 18–67) to recover to 95% of baseline numbers. The sum of annual differences between baseline and injured population sizes (i.e., the lost cetacean years) was 30,993 (95% CI 6607–94,148). The population is currently at a minimum point in its recovery trajectory and is vulnerable to emerging threats, including planned ecosystem restoration efforts that are likely to be detrimental to the dolphins’ survival. Our modeling framework demonstrates an approach for integrating different sources and types of data, highlights the utility of expert elicitation for indeterminable input parameters, and emphasizes the importance of considering and monitoring long‐term health of long‐lived species subject to environmental disasters.Article impact statement: Oil spills can have long‐term consequences for the health of long‐lived species; thus, effective restoration and monitoring are needed.
Integrated pest management strategies for cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala) in oilseed rape
Authors: Ortega‐Ramos Patricia A. , Coston Duncan J. , Seimandi‐Corda Gaëtan , Mauchline Alice L. , Cook Samantha M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOilseed rape (OSR) is the second largest source of vegetable oil globally and the most important biofuel feedstock in the European Union (EU) but the production of this important crop is threatened by a small insect, Psylliodes chrysocephala – the cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB). The EU ban on use of neonicotinoid seed treatments and resistance of CSFB to pyrethroid insecticides have left farmers with limited control options resulting in drastic reductions in production. Integrated pest management (IPM) may offer a solution. We review the lifecycle of CSFB and the current options available, or in the research pipeline, for the eight IPM principles of the EU Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive (Directive‐2009/128/EC). A full IPM strategy for CSFB barely exists. Although there are a range of preventative measures, these require scientific validation; critically, resistant/tolerant OSR cultivars are not yet available. Existing monitoring methods are time‐consuming and there are no commercial models to enable decision support based on predictions of migration timing or population size. Available thresholds are not based on physiological tolerances of the plant making it hard to adapt them to changing market prices for the crop and costs of control. Non‐synthetic alternatives tested and registered for use against CSFB are lacking, making resistance management impossible. CSFB control is therefore dependent upon conservation biocontrol. Natural enemies of CSFB are present, but quantification of their effects is needed and habitat management strategies to exploit their potential. Although some EU countries have local initiatives to reduce insecticide use and encourage use of ‘greener’ alternatives, there is no formal process for ranking these and little information available to help farmers make choices. We summarize the main knowledge gaps and future research needed to improve measures for CSFB control and to facilitate development of a full IPM strategy for this pest and sustainable oilseeds production.
CMBEAR: Python‐Based Recharge Estimator Using the Chloride Mass Balance Method in Australia
Authors: Irvine Dylan J. , Cartwright Ian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe chloride mass balance (CMB) method is widely used to estimate long‐term rates of groundwater recharge. In regions where surface water runoff is negligible, recharge can be estimated using measurements of chloride concentrations of groundwater and precipitation, and an estimate of long‐term average rainfall. This paper presents the Chloride Mass Balance Estimator of Australian Recharge (CMBEAR), a Jupyter (Python) Notebook that is set up to rapidly apply the CMB method using gridded maps of chloride deposition rates across the Australian continent. For an Australian context, the chloride deposition rate and rainfall maps have been provided. Thus, CMBEAR requires only a spreadsheet with the groundwater chloride concentration, the latitude and longitude of the sample location, and some simple user inputs. CMBEAR may be easily applied in other regions, providing that a gridded chloride deposition map is available. Recharge estimates from CMBEAR are compared against published applications of the CMB method. CMBEAR is also applied to a large dataset from the Northern Territory and is used to produce a gridded map of recharge for western Victoria. CMBEAR provides a reproducible and straightforward approach to apply the CMB method to estimate groundwater recharge.
Increasing Stormwater Capture and Recharge Using Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations, Prado Dam
Authors: Woodside Greg D. , Hutchinson Adam S. , Ralph F. Martin , Talbot Cary , Hartman Robert , Delaney Chris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operates Prado Dam in southern California for flood risk management and to capture stormwater for groundwater recharge. USACE and the Orange County Water District (OCWD) have collaborated for over 30 years to temporarily store Santa Ana River (SAR) stormflow at Prado Dam for groundwater recharge in the Orange County Groundwater Basin (Basin). USACE, OCWD, and other stakeholders are assessing Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations (FIRO) at Prado Dam as a new operational approach to capture additional supplies of SAR water for groundwater recharge without affecting Prado Dam's primary flood risk management purpose. Many dams, including Prado Dam, do not directly incorporate precipitation and streamflow forecasting in their operations. FIRO is an innovative research and operations partnership that uses weather forecasting, streamflow modeling, and watershed monitoring to help water managers selectively retain or release water from reservoirs in a manner that reflects current and forecasted conditions. A recently completed study, called a Preliminary Viability Assessment of FIRO at Prado Dam, determined that increased stormwater capture, beyond the current program, is viable subject to completion of additional studies. The ultimate increase in stormwater capture is anticipated to largely be a function of community and environmental tolerance for more frequent inundation rather than operational constraints of the dam. FIRO is a promising approach to operating Prado Dam that can increase SAR stormwater capture for recharge to the Basin, reducing the need for imported water and contributing to sustainable groundwater management.
The effects of microstructure on mechanical and electrical properties of W dispersed Al2O3 ceramics
Authors: Shi Shengfang , Cho Sunghun , Goto Tomoyo , Sekino Tohru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work aims to enhance the fracture toughness of brittle Al2O3 ceramics and apply insulated Al2O3 ceramics with electrical conductivity by dispersing second tungsten (W) metal particles. In order to investigate the effects of W dispersion on mechanical and electrical properties, Al2O3–W composites with various amounts of W (ranging from 5 vol% to 20 vol%) were fabricated by the hot‐press sintering method at various sintering temperatures. Microstructure analysis revealed submicron Al2O3 matrix grains and W particles. The existence of three phases of Al2O3, W, and AlWO4 was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction patterns. All Al2O3–W composites showed higher fracture toughness than monolithic Al2O3. The toughening mechanism was attributed to crack deflection and crack bridging. Transgranular fracture was visible in all composites. Electrical resistivity dramatically lowered from 2.9 × 1012 Ω cm of monolithic Al2O3 to 4.1 × 102 Ω cm of the composite with 20 vol% W addition. The percolation threshold is calculated as 18.5%. With the increase in sintering temperature, the amount of W particles was decreased and Al2O3 grains became large, leading to the reduced number of conductive pathways formed by the dispersed W particles. As a result, electrical conductivity was decreased.
Paediatric dentists' role in child protection practice: Progress over time?
Authors: Harris Jenny C. , Baker Sarah R. , Elcock Claire 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundChild maltreatment (abuse and neglect) is a global public health problem. Healthcare professionals must contribute to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children at risk.AimTo determine whether paediatric dentists’ rates of child protection training, experience and practice have changed and to identify factors currently associated with maltreatment recognition and referral.DesignA pre‐piloted anonymous questionnaire was mailed to the UK‐based British Society of Paediatric Dentistry members in 2005 (n = 789) and 2016 (n = 575). Analysis was conducted for practising dentists.ResultsResponse rates were 66.3% in 2005 and 62.4% in 2016. Increases were observed in respondents’ postgraduate child protection training (87.2% vs. 99.7%), multi‐agency training (27.9% vs. 49.2%), ever suspected (67.9% vs. 82.3%) and ever referred child maltreatment (30.7% vs. 61.0%). The proportion who had suspected maltreatment but never referred a child reduced from 37.2% to 21.3%. Having referred more than five times in the preceding five years rose from 0.4% to 14.6% of respondents, yet those seeing children with neglected dentitions daily or more frequently remained unchanged.ConclusionThis repeated cross‐sectional survey demonstrates a substantial improvement in UK paediatric dentists’ training and practice, but a gap remains between suspecting and referring maltreatment concerns such that some children remain at risk.
Interventions for acceptance and inclusion of people with intellectual disability: A systematic review
Authors: Kármán Bianka , Szekeres Ágota , Papp Gabriella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities is limited due to a high prevalence of prejudice towards this population. We reviewed studies to identify the most effective intervention methods that focus on acceptance of people with intellectual disabilities.MethodA literature review was conducted using several databases—EBSCO, Web of Science, Google Scholar. The search resulted in 6728 articles, of which 26 met the inclusion criteria.ResultsStudies were largely consistent in reporting positive changes after interventions. Although there is no obvious pattern to determine the efficacy of an, long interventions or those involving direct contact may have the most beneficial effects on the relationships between people with and those without intellectual disabilities.ConclusionThe evidence suggests that several types of interventions impact the knowledge, change in the attitudes, behaviour and self‐related constructs that lead to the acceptance of people with intellectual disability.
Tanycyte specific ablation of diacylglycerol lipase alpha stimulates the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis by decreasing the endocannabinoid mediated inhibition of TRH release
Authors: Kővári Dóra , Penksza Veronika , Szilvásy‐Szabó Anett , Sinkó Richárd , Gereben Balázs , Mackie Ken , Fekete Csaba 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn addition to the hypophysiotropic thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH)‐synthesizing neurons, a glial cell type, the tanycytes, also play a role in the regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid (HPT) axis. Tanycytes modulate the feedback regulation of the axis by regulating the local thyroid hormone availability in the median eminence where the hypophysiotropic axons terminate. Recently, we showed that tanycytes produce diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLα), the synthesizing enzyme of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) that inhibits the release of TRH from the hypophysiotropic terminals in median eminence explants. To determine the importance of the endocannabinoid production of tanycytes, adult male Rax‐CreERT2//DAGLαfl/fl mice were treated with tamoxifen to induce a tanycyte specific decrease of DAGLα expression (T‐DAGLα KO). The effect of this genetic manipulation on the activity of the HPT axis was determined. Tanycyte specific decrease of DAGLα expression resulted in an approximately 2‐fold increase of TSHβ mRNA level that was accompanied by increased levels of circulating free T4. The TRH mRNA level was, however, not influenced by the genetic manipulation. In addition to the effects on the HPT axis, the T‐DAGLα KO mice showed increased fat mass ratio and decreased blood glucose levels. These data indicate that when endocannabinoid release of tanycytes is decreased, the disinhibition of the TRH release induces increased TSH synthesis and higher circulating T4 levels. Thus it suggests that in wild‐type mice, tanycytes exert a tonic inhibitory effect on the TRH release of hypophysiotropic axons. Furthermore, the endocannabinoid release of tanycytes also influences glucose homeostasis and fat deposition.
Which factors influence the prevalence of institution‐acquired falls? Results from an international, multi‐center, cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Hoedl Manuela , Eglseer Doris , Bernet Niklaus , Everink Irma , Gordon Adam L , Lohrmann Christa , Osmancevic Selvedina , Saka Bülent , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Thomann Silvia , Bauer Silvia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeFalls are a highly prevalent problem in hospitals and nursing homes with serious negative consequences such as injuries, increased care dependency, or even death. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive insight into institution‐acquired fall (IAF) prevalence and risk factors for IAF in a large sample of hospital patients and nursing home residents among five different countries.DesignThis study reports the outcome of a secondary data analysis of cross‐sectional data collected in Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Turkey, and the United Kingdom in 2017 and 2018. These data include 58,319 datapoints from hospital patients and nursing home residents.MethodsDescriptive statistics, statistical tests, logistic regression, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to analyze the data.FindingsIAF prevalence in hospitals and nursing homes differed significantly between the countries. Turkey (7.7%) had the highest IAF prevalence rate for hospitals, and Switzerland (15.8%) had the highest IAF prevalence rate for nursing homes. In hospitals, our model revealed that IAF prevalence was associated with country, age, care dependency, number of medical diagnoses, surgery in the last two weeks, and fall history factors. In nursing homes, care dependency, diseases of the nervous system, and fall history were identified as significant risk factors for IAF prevalence.ConclusionsThis large‐scale study reveals that the most important IAF risk factor is an existing history of falls, independent of the setting. Whether a previous fall has occurred within the last 12 months is a simple question that should be included on every (nursing) assessment at the time of patient or resident admission. Our results guide the development of tailored prevention programs for persons at risk of falling in hospitals and nursing homes.
The tangled webs we wreak: Examining the structure of aggressive personality using psychometric networks
Authors: West Samuel J. , Chester David S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTrait aggression is a prominent construct in the psychological literature, yet little work has sought to situate trait aggression among broader frameworks of personality. Initial evidence suggests that trait aggression may be best couched within the nomological network of the Five‐Factor Model (FFM). The current work sought to locate the most appropriate home for trait aggression among the FFM.MethodWe applied a preregistered regimen of psychometric network analyses to three datasets (combined N = 2927) that contained self‐reports of trait aggression and the FFM traits.ResultsTrait aggression was highly central in the factor‐level networks, which contained associations consistent with the conceptualization of this construct as a lower‐order component of low agreeableness. The facet‐level networks revealed that the behavioral facets of trait aggression reflected low agreeableness, but that the anger and hostility facets reflected high neuroticism. The item‐level network suggested that the intent to initiate aggressive encounters was the primary bridge that empirically linked trait aggression to agreeableness.ConclusionsOur results indicate that trait aggression is primarily a lower‐order facet of agreeableness, advance our understanding of trait aggression, integrate it with broader frameworks of personality, and suggest future directions to refine this complex dispositional tendency.
Shifting Subjectivities and Shifting Teaching: Participatory Action Research in Prison
Authors: Sosnowski Jim , Dean Bryan , Mendoza Pablo , Mayorga Orlando 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch focused on minoritized communities has predominantly been conducted by individuals associated with universities who have little connection to or investment in these communities beyond their research agenda. Oftentimes, this research benefits the researcher more than the community. This study of a peer‐taught, prison‐based, adult language, and literacy program challenged traditional research paradigms through the implementation of participatory action research (PAR). Informed by PAR epistemologies, the research team, composed of the incarcerated peer‐instructors and a university volunteer, employed qualitative methodologies over an 18‐month period to better understand how the program was experienced by its different members in relation to classroom practices and policies. We examine how PAR provided a reflexive space for us to examine our shifting subjectivities as members and researchers in the program while also challenging our understandings of the experiences of program members. Additionally, this study calls for a broader consideration of how change is defined.
“We Need People to be Woken Up and See This!” Teens Learning Through Critical Analysis
Authors: Evans Sarah A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe continued dearth of realistic, culturally diverse characters in children's literature corresponds with the lack of diversity among those who create, publish, and review books. To address this problem, the researcher collaborated with six culturally diverse high school aged girls for a participatory action research (PAR) project that involved critical analysis of children's picture books that mirrored one or more facets of each girl's identity, with an eye to authenticity. The girls concluded that (1) omitting relevant details about a character's identities created cognitive dissonance for the reader, and (2) book creators who choose this approach create potential for cultural outsiders to glean inaccurate ideas. The positive impact on the participants included changes in their relations and/or changes in their thinking. When the project ended sooner than expected and with a different end product, the researcher's own thinking changed about measuring the success of a PAR project.
Respiratory physiology at high altitude and considerations for pediatric patients
Authors: Bebic Zvonimir , Brooks Peterson Melissa , Polaner David M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver 150 million people, including many children, live at high altitude (>2500 m) with the majority residing in Asia and South America. With increases in elevation, the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) is reduced, resulting in a hypobaric hypoxic environment. Fortunately, humans have evolved adaptive processes which serve to acclimate the body to such conditions. These mechanisms, occurring along a specific time course, result in tachypnea, tachycardia, diuresis, and hematopoiesis, and a shift in the oxygen dissociation curve favoring an increased affinity for oxygen. These, along with other physiological effects, including increased pulmonary vascular resistance, alterations in cerebral blood flow, and changes in sensitivity to opioids, must be considered when administering anesthesia at high altitudes. Susceptible individuals or those who ascend too quickly may outpace the body's ability to acclimate resulting in one or more forms of high‐altitude sickness ranging from the milder acute mountain sickness to the more serious conditions of high‐altitude pulmonary edema and cerebral edema, either of which can be life‐threatening if not promptly recognized and treated. Since the adaptive mechanisms for acclimatization greatly affect the cardiopulmonary systems, patients with underlying health issues such as sleep apnea, congenital heart disease, and asthma may have susceptibilities and warrant special consideration. Clinicians should have an understanding of the physiologic adaptations, anesthetic considerations, and special concerns in these populations in order to offer the best care possible.
ADH2/GSNOR1 is a key player in limiting genotoxic damage mediated by formaldehyde and UV‐B in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Jinzheng , Lv Qiang , He Yi‐Kun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMaintenance of genome stability is an essential requirement for all living organisms. Formaldehyde and UV‐B irradiation cause DNA damage and affect genome stability, growth and development, but the interplay between these two genotoxic factors is poorly understood in plants. We show that Arabidopsis adh2/gsnor1 mutant, which lacks alcohol dehydrogenase 2/S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (ADH2/GSNOR1), are hypersensitive to low fluence UV‐B irradiation or UV‐B irradiation‐mimetic chemicals. Although the ADH2/GSNOR1 enzyme can act on different substrates, notably on S‐hydroxymethylglutathione (HMG) and S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), our study provides several lines of evidence that the sensitivity of gsnor1 to UV‐B is caused mainly by UV‐B‐induced formaldehyde accumulation rather than other factors such as alteration of the GSNO concentration. Our results demonstrate an interplay between formaldehyde and UV‐B that exacerbates genome instability, leading to severe DNA damage and impaired growth and development in Arabidopsis, and show that ADH2/GSNOR1 is a key player in combating these effects.