bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and development EduPocket A+
Authors: Akmar Norfaridatul , Nadhirah Nur Yasmin , Tasneem Ainul , Sabrina Iman , Nasuha Fitrah 
Published: July 2021

The objective of Science, Technology, and Engineering Mathematics (STEM), is not only focused on scientific knowledge and concepts but 21st century skills such as collaborative skills, communication, critical thinking, creativity and computational thinking should be emphasized in science learning. This concept paper discusses how to develop the EduPocket A+ and this application features easy-to-grasp notes and animations to present the Physics syllabus in a simple manner. EduPocket A+ is an (Android APK) application where individuals are able to access notes) through interactive means as well as prep individuals to answer essay questions for the SPM Physics Paper 2. A review of the literature shows that educational games can improve student academic achievement. In addition, this learning approaches provide a fun learning environment, increasing active engagement students in learning, and increase students ’interest and motivation in STEM education. However, studies on game-based learning involving students as educational games designers or inventors are still lacking in Malaysia, especially at the secondary school. Furthermore, relatively little research has focused on the development of Edu-PocketA+ as effectiveness of educational games mastery of 21st century skills in STEM. Therefore, this concept paper discusses the development of EduPocketA+ that involving students in making games in learning, facilitating strategies in physics learning concepts and improve 21st century skills among students.
Convective Heat Exchange of Single-Row Bundles from Tubes with Rolled Aluminum Fins of Various Height at a Low Values of the Reynolds Number
Authors: Sukhotski A. B. , Danil’chik Е. S. 
Published: July 2021

The experimental study of the heat flow intensity of a single-row horizontal air-cooled tubular bundle of heat exchanger with spiral aluminum rolling fins at low Reynolds numbers (Re < 2000) is performed. The geometrical dimensions of the bimetallic finned tubes of the bundle, the following: the outer diameter of the fins d = 56.0 mm; the diameter of the tube at the base d0 = 26.8 mm; fin height h = 14.6 mm; pitch of fins s = 2.5 mm; the average fin thickness Δ = 0.5 mm; the coefficient of finned tubes φ = 19.3; heat transfer length l = 300 mm. The outer diameter of the load-bearing steel tube dн = 25 mm; wall thickness d = 2 mm. The research was carried out by the method of full thermal modeling at a specially designed experimental stand with electric heating of tubes and an exhaust shaft installed above the bundle. The air flow rate through the bundle was regulated by changing the height and cross-sectional area of the exhaust shaft. Calibration experiments were carried out and confirmed the reliability of the data obtained. Then the fins were sanded so to form new types of tubes, which were arranged in a single-row six-tube bundle with a constant relative cross-step σ1 = S1/d = 1.14 = const, and the thermal studies were repeated. As a result, a generalized criterion equation for heat transfer of a finned horizontal single-row bundle at small Reynolds numbers for various heights of the tube finning h = 0-14.6 mm was obtained. The effective height of the tube finning (h = 8 mm) for a single-row horizontal bundle was determined by dimensional and metal-intensive criteria.
Experience Using Electrochemical Noise for Testing Green Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Mills Douglas J , Zatland Joshua , Everitt Nicola M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
‘Green’ corrosion inhibitors derived from plant materials provide environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional corrosion inhibitors. They are also much cheaper if using a biomass waste stream or abundant plant material as the source material. There are many examples in literature of different trials, from henna leaves to celery seeds to banana peel. Although it is known that extracts contain electron-rich polar atoms such as N, O, S and P which make them potentially effective inhibitors, it is difficult to predict on a molecular basis what will work well and what will not, since many interacting factors may be at play in complementary interactions. To assist in predicting the inhibition efficiency of inhibitors under varying conditions and choosing the most effective, what is needed is a short-term test which will obviate the need for tedious weight loss experiments. The Electrochemical Noise Method (ENM) uses the natural fluctuations which arise during electrochemical activity to gain information about the corrosion process. Using ENM is quick and non-intrusive method which makes it ideal for screening. Hence a rig has been designed and manufactured which allows for measurement to be made in stirred as well as static conditions and minimises the occurrence of crevice corrosion at the electrodes. Crevice corrosion is a hazard for ENM electrodes when trying to make a comparison with corrosion inhibition calculated using the standard weight loss measurement after immersion (WLM) method. For these preliminary trials we are exploring corrosion of mild steel in HCl in both stirred and unstirred conditions at room temperature. Results are presented comparing ENM measurements with conventional WLM for both Propargyl Alcohol (a conventional industrial corrosion inhibitor) and broccoli extract. Our results suggest that stirring does not make any difference to the noise measured in ENM. The amount of material lost calculated by ENM and WLM (Rn and weight loss values) can be directly compared and show close comparison.
It seems likely that as a way of assessing inhibitors quickly (which is particularly important in the testing of "green" inhibitors) that this ENM approach has a lot to offer.
Maternal and Infant Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Jingyun , Wang Yun , He Mei-yao , Li Yi-xiao , Cheng Xin , Yang Xuesong , Li Rui-man , Wang Guang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In late December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a great threat to people’s lives worldwide. As a special category of the population, pregnant women are vulnerable during emergencies. This study was designed to explore whether or not the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced maternal and infant outcomes. We collected maternal characteristics, laboratory results, condition in the third trimester, maternal outcome, fetal or neonatal outcomes, and characteristics of amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and placenta from pregnant women and fetals or newborns in the first affiliated hospital of Jinan university from 24 January to 31 March 2020 (peak period), chose the same types of data at the hospital during the same period in 2019 and 1 January − 23 January 2020 (prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020) as a control. Our study focused on uncomplicated singleton pregnancies among women not infected by COVID-19. The results demonstrated that there was not an increase in adverse outcomes of pregnant women and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic; This might be associated with the updated design of major epidemic prevention and control systems in Guangzhou, and the extension of pregnant women’s rest time during the third trimester of pregnancy. Nevertheless, the survey showed an increased incidence rate of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and zinc deficiency in newborns during the epidemic, implying that pregnant women should participate in appropriate physical exercise, increase their exposure to outdoor sunlight and improve nutrition intake to ensure healthy newborns during the quarantine period. Our study has provided some guidance for maternal management during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Comparison of Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Five Heat Treated NiTi Rotary Systems in Single and Double Curved Canals.
Authors: Al-Obaida Mohammad , Merdad Khalid , Alkhamis Ali , Mohammed Muneer Khan , Al-Obaida Rahaf , Al-Madi Ebtissam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) and separation patterns during rotating movement of five heat-treated nickel titanium files in both single and double-curved canals. MethodsCFR was compared between five groups of 24 files each: HyFlex® EDM, HyFlex™ CM, Vortex Blue®, Protaper Next®, and One Curve, by determining the time needed to fracture (TTF) and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) in a cyclic fatigue testing device with a single 5-mm radius of curvature (ROC) and 60° angle, and a double curvature; coronal curvature (5 mm ROC and 60° angle) and apical curvature (2 mm ROC and 70° angle). The separation pattern was evaluated, and file fragment separated length were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc were used to compare statistical differences between the groups. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the fracture sites. Results HyFlex™ CM files displayed significantly higher CFR, followed by HyFlex® EDM and Vortex Blue® in single curvature canals, and Protaper Next® (PTN) in the double curvature canals, as observed by TFF and NCF. PTN group had the highest tendency for files to extrude apically after separation in both curvatures. ConclusionHyFlex™ CM instruments have superior resistance to cyclic flexural fatigue within single canals with single and double curvatures, followed by HyFlex® EDM and Vortex Blue® instruments. Protaper Next® files followed by One Curve had the highest tendency to extrude apically after separationClinical relevanceHyFlex™ CM instruments showed the highest safety in preparing canals with single or double curvatures, considering CFR.
Improvement of Power Consumption in Wireless Body Area Networks by PCM Sampling ​
Authors: Khani Mohammad javad , Shirmohammadi Zahra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to the aging population and the growing need for hospitals and care for the elderly and limited hospital resources, the need for a mechanism that can handle the limited hospital resources is felt more than ever. Wireless Body Area networks are one of the technologies that monitor people's health remotely, thus avoiding unnecessary hospitalization and thus managing resource constraints. Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) face with energy limitations. The battery in WBANs has limited energy. However, it is not possible to replace or charge batteries in many of these networks. Therefore, it is needed to save energy and extend network life. One of the important methods that have been proposed for this purpose is sampling rate management-based methods. In this paper due to the efficiency of the sampling rate management, an efficient sampling rate method has been proposed. For this purpose to minimize unnecessary data transmission, Flat- Top Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) method has been used. Then in order to make the signal from PAM suitable for data transmission, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) method to digitize the pulses has been used. Finally, the results and outputs show that significant energy savings have been achieved. The results showed that data transmission is reduced by up to 92.7% and energy saving is achieved significantly
Hierarchical Fuzzy Systems Integrated with Particle Swarm Optimization for Daily Reference Evapotranspiration Prediction: A Novel Approach
Authors: Roy Dilip Kumar , Saha Kowshik Kumar , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Biswas Sujit Kumar , Hossain Mohammad Anower 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a crucial element for deriving a meaningful scheduling of irrigation for major crops. Thus, precise projection of future ET0 is essential for better management of scarce water resources in many parts of the globe. This study evaluates the potential of a Hierarchical Fuzzy System (HFS) optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm (PSO-HFS) to predict daily ET0. The meteorological variables and estimated ET0 were employed as inputs and outputs, respectively, for the PSO-HFS model. The FAO 56 PM method to ET0 computation was implemented to obtain ET0 values using the climatic variables obtained from two weather stations located in Gazipur Sadar and Ishurdi, Bangladesh. Prediction accuracy of PSO-HFS was compared with that of a FIS, M5 Model Tree, and a Regression Tree (RT) model. Several statistical performance evaluation indices were used to evaluate the performances of the PSO-HFS, FIS, M5 Model Tree, and RT in estimating daily ET0. Ranking of the models was performed using the concept of Shannon’s Entropy that accounts for a set of performance evaluation indices. Results revealed that the PSO-HFS model performed better than the tree-based models. Generalization capabilities of the preposed models were evaluated using the dataset from a test station (Ishurdi station). Results revealed that the models performed equally well with the unseen test dataset, and that the PSO-HFS model provided superior performance over other tree based models. The overall results imply that PSO-HFS model could effectively be utilized to model ET0 values quite efficiently and accurately.
Production enhancement of the glycopeptide antibiotic A40926 produced by an engineered N. gerenzanensis lcu1
Authors: Yan Bingyu , Gao Wen , Tian Li , Wang Shuai , Dong Huijun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective

To enhance the production of A40926 by implementing a strategy of the combination of genetically engineered strain construction and medium optimization.
Results

The engineered strain of Nonomuraea gerenzanensis presented an increment of 30.6 percent in A40926 production compared with that of the parent strain. Subsequently, an assembling medium, which was defined as M9 medium and mainly comprised glucose, maltodextrin, soybean meal, peptone, L-valine, and other inorganic salts, was determined as the optimal medium among the tested nine media. The optimum concentration of medium components was glucose 10 g/l, maltodextrin 37.9 g/l, soybean meal 34.5 g/l, peptone 30.0 g/l, and L-valine 4.3 g/l, respectively. The optimized medium was verified experimentally, and A40926 yield increased significantly from 257 mg/l to 332 mg/l, as compared to the non-optimized medium. The strategy brought a significant increase of A40926 yield by 65.2 percent.
Conclusions

The engineered mutant with the genetic attributes of the co-expression of the dbv3 and dbv20 genes and the deletion of the dbv23 gene could obviously enhance the production of A40926. In addition, the optimization of medium was an effective and essential tool for the improvement of the secondary metabolites in Actinomyces.
Reproductive Outcomes of Artificial Oocyte Activation after ICSI Undergoing Blastocyst Transfer: A 6-year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yan Xuehua , Liu Xitong , Chen Wennan , Yan Xueli , Zhu Yating , Xue Xia , Shi Juanzi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Research question: Is the pregnancy rate affected by artificial oocyte activation (AOA) with A23187 after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in infertile patients?Design: Our retrospective study included 308 patients who transferred blastocyst from routine intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and 82 patients who transferred blastocyst from routine ICSI combined with AOA (ICSI-AOA) from January 2014 to April 2020. Pregnancy outcomes of couples who received routine ICSI or ICSI-AOA were analyzed after the first blastocyst transfer, which covered frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer and fresh blastocyst transfer. AOA was performed with A237817. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine which variables could be independently associated with the pregnancy rate. Effect sizes were summarized as odds ratios (ORs), with precision evaluated by 95% CIs. Results: The clinical pregnancy rate was 71.95% in the AOA group and 57.47% in the routine ICSI group. The effect size of the AOA on clinical rate was evaluated in prespecified and exploratory subgroups in each subgroup. And multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the clinical rate. The AOA group had a higher chance of clinical pregnancy in all subgroups: female age at oocyte retrieval, female BMI, protocol in the fresh cycle, female infertility type, MII oocyte numbers, fresh or frozen blastocyst transfer, No. of blastocyst transfer and blastocyst quality. Multivariable analysis showed AOA to be associated with an increased likelihood of clinical pregnancy compared with routine ICSI (p=0.03; adjusted OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.09–3.27).Conclusions: This study suggested that AOA can increase the rate of clinical pregnancy obviously, which helps clinicians to advise patients on AOA risks.
Characterization, Phytopathogenicity and Host Range Studies of Neoscytalidium Dimidiatuml. (Botryosphaeraceae) Associated With Dieback of Lebbeck Trees (Albizia Lebbeck L. Benth) in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hamed Khalid E. , Alsoim Abdullah , Rogaibah Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A survey in 2016 showed that more than 80% lebbeck trees inside the main campus of Qassim University were wilted and dead. Symptoms of dieback, root rot, stem cankers and decline were observed in the trees. The trunks exhibited black masses of spores which soon spread to other, healthy trees. A fungus, having arthroconidial and asexual synanamorph characteristics, and was identified as Neoscytalidiumdimidiatum KSA of the class Coelomycetes within the family Botryosphaeraceae and was subsequently isolated from the infected lebbeck trees. Six-year-old lebbeck seedlings were inoculated with the N. dimidiatum KSA isolate. Symptoms of chloroses followed by dropping leaves appeared four weeks after inoculation. The fungus re-isolated from the infected seedlings expressed the same morphological characteristics on the culture media as the N. dimidiatum KSA isolate. A host range study involving six different tree species were inoculated under growth chamber conditions using the identified isolate of the N. dimidiatum KSA fungus. Four weeks after the inoculation, three of these species exhibited wilting and died. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report on N. dimidiatum in Saudi Arabia.
Soil-Water Characteristic Curves And Hydraulic Conductivity of Gaomiaozi Bentonite Pellet-Contained Materials
Authors: Zhu Jianghong , Su Zhenyan , Zhang Huyuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The bentonite pellet-contained material (PCM) is a feasible material for the joint sealing of high-level radioactive waste repository. During the operation of the repository, the PCM will be unsaturated for a long time, and its water retention and permeability directly affect the buffer barrier seepage, nuclide migration, and joint healing. Moreover, the particle size of bentonite pellets and dry density are important factors affecting the performance of PCM. In this work, the pressure plate method and vapour equilibrium technique were utilized to test the soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) of the PCMs with different particle sizes and dry densities. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the PCMs was predicted by combining the SWCC model and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results showed that in the low suction range (20–1150 kPa), the dry density and particle size had a negative correlation with the water content at the same suction. In the high suction range (4200–309000 kPa), the dry density and particle size had little effect on the SWCC. The Gardner model was appropriate for describing the SWCC of PCM. In addition, the hydraulic conductivity of the PCM decreased with the increase in dry density, while increased with the increase in particle size. The influence mechanism of the SWCC and hydraulic conductivity was further discussed based on the scanning electron microscopy images and pore size distribution curves.
Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Risk of 25 Common Conditions: Outcome-Wide Analyses in The UK Biobank Study
Authors: Papier Keren , Knuppel Anika , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Watts Eleanor , Tong Tammy , Schmidt Julie , Allen Naomi , Key Timothy , Travis Ruth 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While there is strong epidemiological evidence that circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is associated with a higher risk of several cancers, little is known about its association with non-cancer outcomes. We investigated associations of circulating IGF-I with risk of 25 common conditions, other than cancer, in a large British cohort. Study participants were 318 749 middle-aged adults enrolled in the UK Biobank Study. Serum IGF-I concentration was measured in samples collected at baseline (2006–2010), and re-measured in 12 334 participants after an average of 4.3 years. We followed-up participants over an average of 11.5 years by linking to hospital admissions and mortality registries. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressions estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between circulating IGF-I and 25 common conditions, using the repeated IGF-I measurements to correct for regression dilution bias. After correction for multiple testing (P < 0.002), IGF-I was positively associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (HR per 5 nmol/l higher concentration = 1.12, 95% CI, 1.08–1.16), and inversely associated with varicose veins (0.90, 0.85–0.95), cataracts (0.97, 0.95–0.99), diabetes (0.92, 0.90–0.95), and iron deficiency anaemia (0.90, 0.86–0.93). The associations for cataracts and diabetes attenuated when restricted to cases diagnosed after five or more years of follow-up, suggesting that these associations were likely affected by reverse causality. Higher IGF-I concentration might be associated with the risk for several conditions, but genetic studies are needed to clarify which associations may be causal.
The Phenomenon of Internal Force Hedging After Two Trusses Overlapped With A Common Chord
Authors: Xie Xiaoli , Qin Xia , Xie Yuanzhong , Yang Chuangjie , Qiu Chen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Single truss structure is widely used in various fields of life, and has been very thorough researched. But for truss system, there are still many areas to be researched and developed. In this paper, through the mechanical test of two trusses overlapping, we find a mechanical phenomenon: the "internal force" hedging effect occurs when the two trusses share chord, but not when the chords are not shared.
Shape-aware Stochastic Neighbour Embedding for Robust Data Visualisations
Authors: Wängberg Tobias , Li Chun-Biu , Tyrcha Joanna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (t-SNE) method has emerged as one of the leading methods for visualising High Dimensional (HD) data in a wide variety of fields, especially for revealing cluster structure in HD single cell transcriptomics data. However, several shortcomings of the algorithm have been identified. Specifically, t-SNE is often unable to correctly represent hierarchical relationships between clusters and spurious patterns may arise in the embedding due to incorrect parameter settings, which could lead to misinterpretations of the data. Here we incorporate t-SNE with shape-aware graph distances, a method termed shape-aware stochastic neighbour embedding (SASNE), to mitigate these limitations of the t-SNE. The merits of the SASNE are first demonstrated using synthetic data sets, where we see a significant improvement in embedding imbalanced and nonlinear clusters, as well as preservation of hierarchical structure, based on quantitative validation in clustering and dimensionality reductions. Moreover, we propose a data-driven parameter setting which we find consistently optimal in all test cases. Lastly, we demonstrate the superior performance of SASNE in embedding the MNIST image data and the single cell transcriptomics gene expression data.