bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The curvilinear effect of professional faultlines on team innovation: The pivotal role of professional identity threat
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Boyle Brendan , Snell Lanchi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPast research into team faultlines has provided important insights, however, as with other aspects of compositional diversity, findings are somewhat ambiguous. This suggests the need to examine more complex and interactive effects. We draw on theorising in social categorisation and subgroups to argue that, under specific circumstances, a positive relationship between professional faultlines and innovation may exist beyond moderate (threshold) faultline strength. We posit that below this threshold, weaker faultlines have no positive impact on innovation. Further, we argue that this curvilinear relationship will be contingent on professional identity threat, such that, only when teams are characterised by identity threat will strong faultlines have a U‐shaped impact on innovation. Thus, we build and investigate a model in which professional faultlines have a contingent curvilinear (U‐shaped) effect on innovation, moderated by professional identity threat. Based on quantitative data from two surveys completed by leaders and members from 70 UK healthcare teams, our analyses support our hypothesised moderated curvilinear model.
TET1 upregulation drives cancer cell growth through aberrant enhancer hydroxymethylation of HMGA2 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shirai Kiyokazu , Nagae Genta , Seki Motoaki , Kudo Yotaro , Kamio Asuka , Hayashi Akimasa , Okabe Atsushi , Ota Satoshi , Tsutsumi Shuichi , Fujita Takanori , Yamamoto Shogo , Nakaki Ryo , Kanki Yasuharu , Osawa Tsuyoshi , Midorikawa Yutaka , Tateishi Keisuke , Ichinose Masao , Aburatani Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTen‐eleven translocation 1 (TET1) is an essential methylcytosine dioxygenase of the DNA demethylation pathway. Despite its dysregulation being known to occur in human cancer, the role of TET1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that TET1 promotes cell growth in human liver cancer. The transcriptome analysis of 68 clinical liver samples revealed a subgroup of TET1‐upregulated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), demonstrating hepatoblast‐like gene expression signatures. We performed comprehensive cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation (5‐hmC) profiling and found that 5‐hmC was aberrantly deposited preferentially in active enhancers. TET1 knockdown in hepatoma cell lines decreased hmC deposition with cell growth suppression. HMGA2 was highly expressed in a TET1high subgroup of HCC, associated with the hyperhydroxymethylation of its intronic region, marked as histone H3K4–monomethylated, where the H3K27‐acetylated active enhancer chromatin state induced interactions with its promoter. Collectively, our findings point to a novel type of epigenetic dysregulation, methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1, which promotes cell proliferation via the ectopic enhancer of its oncogenic targets, HMGA2, in hepatoblast‐like HCC.
Efficacy of elobixibat as bowel preparation agent for colonoscopy: Prospective, randomized, multi‐center study
Authors: Yamaguchi Daisuke , Hidaka Hidenori , Matsunaga Takuya , Akutagawa Takashi , Tanaka Yuichiro , Jubashi Amane , Takeuchi Yuki , Tsuruoka Nanae , Sakata Yasuhisa , Miyahara Koichi , Tominaga Naoyuki , Kawakubo Hiroharu , Takamori Ayako , Shimoda Ryo , Noda Takahiro , Ogata Shinichi , Tsunada Seiji , Esaki Motohiro 
Published: May 2021

Background and AimElobixibat is a novel ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of the combination of elobixibat and 1 L of polyethylene glycol formulation containing ascorbic acid (PEG‐Asc) solution versus the combination of sodium picosulfate and 1‐L PEG‐Asc solution as bowel preparation for colonoscopy.MethodsThis multi‐center, randomized, observer‐blinded, non‐inferiority study recruited 210 outpatients who were assigned to either the elobixibat plus 1‐L PEG‐Asc group (group A) or the sodium picosulfate plus 1‐L PEG‐Asc group (group B). The quality of the bowel cleansing level was assessed by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) and compared the bowel cleansing level between the groups. Data regarding bowel preparation time, patients’ tolerability, and adverse events were also analyzed.ResultsData for 196 patients (99 in group A and 97 in group B) were analyzed finally. BBPS was comparable between group A and B (8.3 ± 0.9 vs. 8.3 ± 0.7; P = 0.88). Consequently, the adequate bowel preparation rate in groups A and B was 95.0% and 99.0%, respectively (−4.0%, 95% CI −9.3 to 1.5). Bowel preparation time in group A was similar to that in group B (348.2 ± 79.8 min vs. 330.8 ± 82.5 min; P = 0.13), whereas, sleep disturbance was significantly less frequent in group A than in group B (10.2% vs. 22.7%; P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe combination of elobixibat and 1‐L PEG‐Asc can be considered an alternative bowel preparation for colonoscopy considering the equivalent bowel cleansing effect and less frequent sleep disturbance. The Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs41180026).
Predictors of motor outcome after childhood arterial ischemic stroke
Authors: Blackburn Emily , D’arco Felice , Devito Andrea , Ioppolo Roberta , Lorio Sara , Quirk Bernadine , Ganesan Vijeya 
Published: May 2021

AimTo identify clinical and radiological predictors of long‐term motor outcome after childhood‐onset arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory.MethodMedical records of 69 children (36 females, 33 males; median age at index AIS 3y 3mo, range: 1mo–16y) who presented to Great Ormond Street Hospital with first AIS in the MCA territory were reviewed retrospectively. Cases were categorized using the Childhood AIS Standardized Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation (CASCADE). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography were evaluated. An Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) was calculated on MRI. The Recurrence and Recovery Questionnaire assessed motor outcome and was dichotomized into good/poor.ResultsEventual motor outcome was good in 49 children and poor in 20. There were no acute radiological predictors of eventual motor outcome. At follow‐up, CASCADE 3A (i.e. moyamoya) and Wallerian degeneration were significantly associated with poor motor outcome. In the multivariate analysis, younger age and CASCADE 3A predicted poor motor outcome.InterpretationIn the context of recommendations regarding unproven and potentially high‐risk hyperacute therapies for childhood AIS, prediction of outcome could usefully contribute to risk/benefit analysis. Unfortunately, paradigms used in adults, such as ASPECTS, are not useful in children in the acute/early subacute phase of AIS.
What this paper adds

Adult paradigms, such as the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score system, are not useful for predicting outcome in children.

Younger children tend to have a poorer long‐term prognosis than older children.

Moyamoya is associated with poor prognosis.
Echocardiographic evaluation of the Athlete’s heart
Authors: Albaeni Aiham , Davis John W. , Ahmad Masood 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCardiac response to prolonged, intense exercise induces phenotypic and physiologic adaptive changes that improve myocardial ability to meet oxygen demands. These adaptations, termed “athletes’ heart,” have been extensively studied. The importance of this entity arises from the increasing numbers of athletes as well as the drive for physical fitness in the general population leading to adaptive cardiac changes that need to be differentiated from life‐threatening cardiovascular diseases. A number of pathologic entities may share phenotypic changes with the athletes’ heart such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, Marfan's syndrome, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Cardiologists need to be cognizant of these overlapping findings to appropriately diagnose diseases and prevent catastrophic outcomes especially in young and healthy individuals who may not show any symptoms until they engage in intense exercise. It is equally important to recognize and distinguish normal, exercise‐adaptive cardiac changes to provide accurate screening and guidance to young elite athletes. Echocardiography is a valuable modality that allows comprehensive initial evaluation of cardiac structures, function, and response to exercise. Several different echocardiographic techniques including M‐Mode, 2D echo, Doppler, tissue Doppler, color tissue Doppler, and speckle tracking have been used in the evaluation of cardiac adaptation to exercise. The following discussion is a review of literature that has expanded our knowledge of the athlete's heart.
Clonal resistance of rubber tree to Colletotrichum spp.
Authors: Antonio Gabriel Leonardi , Scaloppi Junior Erivaldo José , Fisher Ivan Herman , Furtado Edson Luis , Firmino Ana Carolina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of resistant clones of rubber trees could constitute a strategy for managing anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum. To examine this possibility, three isolates of Colletotrichum CH93 (C. fructicola) and CH 102 and CH 130 (C. acutatum) were used as inoculum for 20 rubber clones planted in Brazil. These evaluations took place in both a laboratory and in a clonal garden. For inoculation in the laboratory, isolates CH93 (C. fructicola) and CH102 and CH130 (C. acutatum) were used. Inoculation of the clones was performed by placing a disc of PDA with mycelium from each isolate on leaf tissues of each clone. In the clonal garden, five samples were collected at random from 30 leaflets on three different plants. In the laboratory and in the clonal garden, the percentage of leaf area damaged by the fungus was evaluated digitally. Clones had varied reactions to the different isolates used in inoculations. In the laboratory tests, clones IAC 507, IAC 502 and PR 255 appeared most resistant, with no symptoms develop, regardless of the isolate used in the inoculation. Six days after inoculation, clones PB 235, RRIM 937 and PB 311 also had low levels of disease for some fungal isolates. In field evaluations, IAC 507 and IAC 505 showed no symptoms of anthracnose. The RRIM 600 clone, which is the most cultivated, proved to be susceptible to the disease. The results provide a basis for the development of more detailed research with clone IAC 507 and with those showing less disease in the laboratory and in the field, including clones RRIM 937, IAC 505, IAC 502 and IAC 503.
Patient perceptions of outcome measures in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: A study of the Inflammatory Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale
Authors: White Daniel , Englezou Christina , Rajabally Yusuf A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients' perceptions of outcome measures used in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are unknown.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional evaluation of patient perceptions of the Inflammatory Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (I‐RODS) from 41 subjects with CIDP through a structured questionnaire. We assessed perceived hesitation to provide a response, item importance and relevance, understanding of specific items and factors affecting responses.ResultsHesitation to provide a categorical answer was reported by 20% of subjects or more, for 5/24 (20.8%) items. Uncertainty was most frequent for “travel by public transport” (22.4%) and “catch an object (e.g., ball)” (24%). Six of 24 (25%) items were perceived as unimportant to their disease by at least a third of participants. Items most commonly perceived as unimportant were “travel by public transport” in 53.7%, “catch an object (e.g., ball)” in 61% and “dance” in 65.9%. Several items were frequently perceived as irrelevant. These included “move a chair” (39%), “do the dishes” (46.3%), “catch an object (e.g., ball)” (61%), “travel by public transport” (68.3%) and “stand for hours” (82.9%). The understanding of multiple items such as “read a book”, “sit on a toilet” and “take a shower” was found to be highly variable. Fatigue was perceived more commonly than mood (53.7% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.001), and more commonly in younger subjects (p = 0.037), as influencing responses to the I‐RODS.ConclusionsPatient‐perceived uncertainty, unimportance, irrelevance and poor understanding of items, as well as fatigue and mood, impact on the value of the I‐RODS. Greater emphasis on individualized disability assessments requires consideration in future.
The clinical utility of a memory specialization index in epilepsy surgery patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Baxendale Sallie A. , Thompson Pamela J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough group studies provide some support for the material‐specific model of memory function, there are considerable individual variations in memory function in people with temporal lobe epilepsy, even in those with the same underlying pathology. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we examined the sensitivity and specificity of a single measure of an individual's relative strength for the encoding of verbal or visual learning.MethodsSix hundred ninety‐two patients with left hemisphere language dominance and unilateral hippocampal sclerosis completed verbal and visual encoding tasks with similar test structures as part of their presurgical evaluation. Three hundred one patients had right hippocampal sclerosis (RHS), and 391 patients had left hippocampal sclerosis (LHS). A memory specialization index (MSI) was calculated by subtracting the Visual Learning z‐score from the Verbal Learning z‐score. A positive value on the MSI indicates a relative strength in verbal learning. A negative score indicates a relative strength in visual learning.ResultsEmploying cut‐offs of ±1, the MSI had a positive predictive value of 71% (confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.64–0.77) for LHS and 64% (CI 95% 0.55–0.74) for RHS and was superior to the standalone z‐scores from the verbal and visual tests in each respect. In the LHS group, the MSI was significantly correlated with age and duration of epilepsy. Older patients who had a longer duration of epilepsy were more likely to demonstrate a similar level of impairment in both verbal and visual learning, with a decreasing discrepancy between the scores on the two tasks over time.SignificanceOur MSI provides a measure with high specificity for RHS. The pattern of strengths and weaknesses in visual and verbal encoding may evolve with age and duration of epilepsy, and clinicians should be aware of these factors when interpreting the lateralizing significance of test scores, particularly in a presurgical setting.
A narrative review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses. Part 1: Safety and efficacy of epidural drugs
Authors: Rønnow Kjærulff L. N. , Lindegaard C. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe importance of adequate pain management in horses has gained increased clinical attention over the last decade or so, and many drugs and administration techniques have been investigated for the purpose of improving equine pain management. Caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia (CEAA) has the potential to be one of the most efficient techniques for management of moderate to severe pain of the pelvic limbs, the caudal part of the body and even the thoracic limbs. The epidural administration of many different drugs has been studied and clinically applied, most of them with good efficacy and minimal side‐effects. In order to guide the clinician on when and how to perform CEAA in horses, this 2‐part review provides a detailed review of the efficacy, safety, indications and techniques. Part 1 focuses on the efficacy and safety of epidurally administered drugs and Part 2 considers indications and contraindications, and provides a practical description on how to perform the epidural procedure.
Water flow and temperature interact to determine oxidative status, swimming performance, and dispersal of mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
Authors: Seebacher Frank , Kazerouni‐Ghanizadeh Ensiyeh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The health of running freshwater systems depends to a large extent on flow rates, which can co‐vary with other environmental variables such as temperature. Water flow and temperature can influence oxidative status of individual animals, thereby impacting muscle function and locomotion. Consequently, ecologically important behaviours such as dispersal may be disrupted.

Our aim was to determine whether the interactions between acclimation to flowing water (3 weeks at 0.06 m/s or still water), thermal acclimation (3 weeks at 18 and 28°C), and acute test temperatures (18–32°C) determine oxidative status, locomotor performance, and dispersal in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki).

We show that swimming capacity was greater in fish living in flowing water compared to those in still water, and that this difference was greater in warm acclimated fish. However, dispersal was not dependent on maximal locomotor capacities. Fish initiated dispersal to a greater extent when acclimated to flowing water and cool temperature, although there were interactions with acute test temperature.

Dispersal speed was not affected by flow acclimation, but it was greater at cool test temperatures in cool acclimated fish, and vice versa for warm acclimated fish. Also, fish acclimated to flowing and cool water made a greater number of dispersal decisions. Oxidative damage to membranes and proteins did not change with flow or temperature treatments, but antioxidant capacities were greater in animals acclimated to flow and cool temperatures.

Trait‐specific approaches used to assess fish responses to altered flow regimes typically consider a range of morphological and life‐history traits to characterise species and predict the impact of environmental change. Physiological traits and responses such as those we describe here can be a useful addition to life‐history traits in predicting the impact of environmental change on movement. Consideration of the impacts of physiological traits on dispersal can increase the efficacy of management and restoration projects.
Non‐native species outperform natives in coastal marine ecosystems subjected to warming and freshening events
Authors: McKnight Ella , Spake Rebecca , Bates Amanda , Smale Dan A. , Rius Marc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsContemporary climate change and biological invasions are two main drivers of biodiversity redistribution. Interactive effects between these drivers have been reported in a variety of studies, yet results are conflicting. Some studies find that contemporary climate change facilitates the spread and success of non‐native species, especially those with broad physiological tolerances. Other studies conclude that non‐natives are vulnerable to current and future changes in climatic conditions. Given that most studies have focused on terrestrial species, here we contribute to this debate by analysing responses of marine native and non‐native fauna and flora to key climate‐related stressors, namely increased temperature (warming) and decreased salinity (freshening).LocationGlobal.Time period2002–2019.Major taxa studiedMarine benthic macrophytes and invertebrates.MethodsWe conducted a meta‐analysis of experiments investigating the performance (e.g. growth, survival and reproduction) of benthic species in response to warming and freshening.ResultsWe found that non‐native species tended to respond positively to elevated temperature, whereas the performance of native species declined. Similarly, decreased salinity negatively affected the biological processes of native species, but non‐natives showed neutral or negative overall responses to freshening.Main conclusionsWe find evidence that non‐native species outperform natives under a wide variety of warming and freshening conditions. The growth and reproduction of non‐natives are enhanced by warmer temperatures, and thus ocean warming is expected to facilitate future spread and success of non‐native species. Increased freshening along future coastal areas, however, will likely have a negative impact in both native and non‐native species and thus is expected to be a driver of significant change in coastal marine ecosystems. Our comprehensive analysis highlighted the need to expand our understanding of climate change effects beyond warming and specifically, studies focusing on salinity changes.
Systematic preparation of high‐quality colloidal silica particles by sol–gel synthesis using reagents at low temperature
Authors: Zárate‐Reyes José‐Miguel , Flores‐Romero Erick , Cheang‐Wong Juan‐Carlos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe propose a new approach to obtain monodisperse submicrometer‐sized colloidal silica particles prepared via a modified Stöber synthesis method, leading to high‐quality spherical particles with a narrow size distribution. The novelty of this work consists in setting, previously to the synthesis reaction, the initial temperature of the reagents at low values (6−14°C) in comparison to the constant laboratory room temperature, while fixing other experimental parameters such as humidity and reagent concentrations. A series of samples of monodisperse colloidal silica particles were prepared, with diameters ranging from 600 to 1000 nm and exhibiting quite narrow particle size distributions. According to our results, it was established that the initial temperature of the reagent solutions constitutes a remarkable parameter, affecting the particle size, shape, and monodispersity. This experimental approach even allows the size tunability for the synthesis of large spherical silica particles in a one‐step process. Moreover, in combination with spin‐coating deposition, the proposed technique greatly favors the formation of ordered arrays of monodisperse silica particles over silicon substrates in areas as large as several mm2. This is ideal for thermal insulators, photonic crystals, nanosphere lithography, and other engineering and industrial applications requiring high‐quality extended arrays of monodisperse silica particles.
Are oral health conditions associated with schoolchildren’s performance and school attendance in the Kingdom of Bahrain? A life‐course perspective
Authors: Mohamed Seham A. S. , Baker Sarah R. , Deery Christopher , Vettore Mario V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe link between oral diseases and school performance and school attendance remains unclear among Middle Eastern children.AimTo investigate the relationship of oral conditions with schoolchildren's school performance and attendance using the life‐course approach.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 466 schoolchildren aged 7‐8 years from Kingdom of Bahrain (KoB) and their parents. Questionnaire data on children's current and at‐birth environmental characteristics were completed by their parents. Children's oral health measures, including ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System), PUFA (pulp, ulcer, fistula, abscess), and DDE (developmental defects of enamel) indices, were the exposure variables. School performance and school attendance data obtained from the school register were the outcome variables. The data were analysed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression.ResultsThe odds of excellent school performance were significantly lower for children with untreated dentinal caries (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96‐0.99). Children with caries‐treated teeth showed greater odds of excellent school performance (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.15‐1.74). Disease Control and PreventionNone of the dental conditions were significantly associated with children’s school attendance. A permissive parental style was associated with poor school attendance (OR = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.08‐6.42).ConclusionDental caries was associated with poor school performance but not with school attendance. Treated caries was associated with good school performance.