bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who could have seen this coming? The Kenya red cross society and the drought appeal of 2019
Authors: Ngoye Ben Otieno , Saado Halima , Gachari Caroline Wambui 
Published: May 2021

Learning outcomes
The case will be useful in helping learners: to appreciate concepts in and develop the necessary understanding to apply relevant theories in crisis communications; to identify communications issues along with the evolution of a crisis; to understand the importance and role of a crisis communications team; and to develop skills in writing a crisis communications plan.

Case overview/synopsis
The case is a narration of the experiences of the Kenya Red Cross Society (KRCS) as it launched the Kenya drought appeal in March 2019, and the unexpected media and public backlash that ensued. The background is that of an unusual-yet-previously-predicted dry spell, consequent drought and famine, alleged famine-related deaths, mixed signals from the national and county government and a hitherto well-regarded institution (the KRCS) coming in to launch an appeal aimed at raising funds to help alleviate the effects of the prolonged drought and consequent famine in the northern parts of the country. Unfortunately, a major media and public backlash that was not foreseen by KRCS ensued, and it threatened the reputation and very existence of the organization. Drawing on interviews and secondary material in the public domain, the case focuses on how the KRCS navigates the media and public backlash that ensued following the funding appeal. The case is interesting because of the type of organization involved (a not-for-profit institution set up as auxiliary to the government and of good repute), the nature of the problem (reputational crisis and attendant risk management), the setting (a LMIC in sub-Saharan Africa) and the level of analysis (organizational rather than individual decision-making).[AQ1]

Complexity academic level
Masters level – MBA, Executive MBA, Master’s in Public Management, Master’s in Communication and/or similar courses.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
InterGlobe Aviation Ltd.: need for strategy
Authors: Malhotra Mohak , Ghura Amarpreet Singh , Thakur Barun 
Published: May 2021

Learning outcomes
Discussion of the case will enable the students to: ● use “Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats” analysis. ● Use “pros and cons” analysis. ● Explain what constitutes an effective strategy. ● Analyze the quality of the strategy for IndiGo Airlines (IA). ● Explain sustained competitive advantage through value, rareness, imitability and organization framework.

Case overview/synopsis
This case describes a situation in which InterGlobe Aviation Ltd. (IGAL) has been experiencing multiple engine snags because of the faulty Pratt and Whitney engines. In a span of two years between June 2018 and January 2020, IGAL faced around 22 snags. IGAL is known to be one of the safest airlines in the world, the engine issue has tainted its reputation. In October 2019, in just one week IA faced four-engine snags, forcing the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) to come out with a guideline in November 2019. The faulty engines were to be replaced by January 31, 2020. If IA failed to complete the task by the given deadline then IA would have to ground around 70–80 aircraft. IA was way behind the deadline when on January 13, 2020, they received an email from DGCA mentioning an extension of the deadline to May 31, 2020. The purpose of this case is to provide an opportunity for the participants to take into consideration the data given for IA and make assumptions and resolve the dilemma through which Ronojoy Dutta (Dutta), the Chief executive officer if IA is going through.

Complexity academic level
The case engages the participants in deciding a suitable course of action for IA to develop a strategy and is ideal to teach elements of strategy. The case can be used in the following courses/programs: ● A strategy formulation module in strategic management program or post-graduate program in management.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.
The evolution of the pathways of innovation strategies in the automotive industry. The case of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
Authors: Candelo Elena , Troise Ciro , Matricano Diego , Lepore Amedeo , Sorrentino Mario 
Published: May 2021

PurposeFundamental management innovations have been ideated and developed in the automotive industry. Over the years, carmakers have radically modified their innovation strategies. Currently, carmakers are increasingly adopting open innovation approaches, moving from a closed to open innovation paradigm. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the evolution of the innovation activities performed by carmakers and to propose an original periodisation of innovation strategies in the automotive industry since its origins.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses the relevant literature and proposes a theoretical framework that defines how innovation strategies have changed from the birth of the automotive industry to current times. A detailed in-depth case study of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), one of the top ten global carmakers, is used to corroborate the theoretical framework. The case study reconstructs the entire evolution of the innovation strategies of the company from its origins to the present day.FindingsThe paper proposes an original periodisation by identifying three evolutionary phases of innovation strategies pursued by carmakers: “internal innovation”, “collaborative innovation” and “towards open innovation”. Each phase embraces a historical period, and for each period, the most relevant managerial aspects, as well as the types and direction of knowledge flows for fostering innovation, are analysed. The case study provides clear evidence that FCA has undergone the three above-cited phases in fostering its innovation strategies.Originality/valueThe study reconstructs the evolution of the innovation strategies performed by global carmakers, proposing an original periodisation of the transitions that occurred in practice in the automotive industry. This paper is among the first to explore the evolution of innovation strategies in the automotive industry since its origins to date and to highlight the salient differences that have occurred over time.
Forecasting daily attraction demand using big data from search engines and social media
Authors: Tian Fengjun , Yang Yang , Mao Zhenxing , Tang Wenyue 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to compare the forecasting performance of different models with and without big data predictors from search engines and social media.

Design/methodology/approach
Using daily tourist arrival data to Mount Longhu, China in 2018 and 2019, the authors estimated ARMA, ARMAX, Markov-switching auto-regression (MSAR), lasso model, elastic net model and post-lasso and post-elastic net models to conduct one- to seven-days-ahead forecasting. Search engine data and social media data from WeChat, Douyin and Weibo were incorporated to improve forecasting accuracy.

Findings
Results show that search engine data can substantially reduce forecasting error, whereas social media data has very limited value. Compared to the ARMAX/MSAR model without big data predictors, the corresponding post-lasso model reduced forecasting error by 39.29% based on mean square percentage error, 33.95% based on root mean square percentage error, 46.96% based on root mean squared error and 45.67% based on mean absolute scaled error.

Practical implications
Results highlight the importance of incorporating big data predictors into daily demand forecasting for tourism attractions.

Originality/value
This study represents a pioneering attempt to apply the regularized regression (e.g. lasso model and elastic net) in tourism forecasting and to explore various daily big data indicators across platforms as predictors.
Dynamics of entrepreneurial belonging among Mexican female entrepreneurs
Authors: Erogul Murat , Barragan Salvador , Essers Caroline 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Understanding belonging provides a better insight into the structural, political, cultural and gendered elements of entrepreneurship. This paper aims to focus on Mexican female entrepreneurs’ (MFE) experiences in managing material and affective aspects of entrepreneurial belonging during the start-up and transition phase to become an established business owner.

Design/methodology/approach
The narrative analysis is based on qualitative interview data with 11 MFE in Mexico.

Findings
The analysis reveals that MFEs’ sense of belonging evolves from self-oriented to more socially-oriented identity claims. In the former, the need to “fit in” and achieve material aspects of belonging is intertwined with gender and family responsibilities. In the latter, the need to “stand out” and achieve affective aspects of belonging is intertwined with validating entrepreneurial achievements by challenging gendered assumptions and helping others through the notion of “sisterhood.”

Originality/value
The paper extends the understanding of the relation of material and affective aspects of belonging as an “evolving” process from the nascent stage to the established stage of entrepreneurship. Within the evolving process of entrepreneurial belonging, a shift from material to affective aspects unveils a theoretical framework that relates belonging, gender and entrepreneurship in context. This process seems to regulate entrepreneur’s agency in what they interpret as acceptable while standing up against challenges and legitimizing belonging through the emergence of a “sisterhood.”
Islamic microfinance in Mauritania: an investigation into involuntary factors affecting usage
Authors: Mokhtar Maouloud Vatimetou , Kassim Salina , Othman Anwar Hasan Abdullah 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study aims to identify the involuntary barriers of financial inclusion which are affecting the usage of Islamic microfinance services in PROCAPEC institution located in Nouakchott-Mauritania. Subsequently, it also examines the effect of gender as a moderator in the model.

Design/methodology/approach
Primary data was collected through a cross-sectional questionnaire from 381 beneficiaries of PROCAPEC – a major Islamic microfinance provider in Mauritania. In methodology, the study uses confirmatory factor analysis to identify relevant involuntary factors affecting usage, followed by structural equation modelling to test the impact of these factors on the usage of Islamic microfinance (IsMF) products.

Findings
Two of the four factors are statistically significant in affecting the usage of IsMF products, namely, affordability and eligibility. Gender is a moderator in the relationship between affordability and usage, as well as eligibility and usage.

Practical implications
Policymakers, practitioners and managers of Islamic microfinance institutions can consider these factors and focus on strategies, including pricing and promotion, which aim to further develop the Islamic microfinance industry in Mauritania. Also, reducing documentation required from clients and adopting lenient rules to provide suitable products will enhance the use of IsMF products, which may lead to more customers’ attraction.

Originality/value
Although several researchers have articulated financial inclusion, this study sheds light on a specific dimension of financial inclusion to determine the factors impacting IsMF products’ usage. In Mauritania, there are few studies about microfinance. This study will be amongst the pioneer contribution to the geographical gap.
The role of employees' participation and managers' authority on continuous improvement and performance
Authors: Galeazzo Ambra , Furlan Andrea , Vinelli Andrea 
Published: May 2021

PurposeDrawing on the theoretical concept of organisational fit, this paper questions the relevance of employees' participation in the link between continuous improvement (CI) and operational performance. The literature has long emphasised that to be successful, CI implementation needs to rely on employees' involvement as soon as its inception. This paper argues that this approach is not generalisable.Design/methodology/approachBased on a database of 330 firms across 15 countries, regression analyses were used to hypothesise that the fit between CI and employee participation is positively associated with operational performance, and that the fit between CI and centralisation of authority is negatively associated with operational performance. The authors also ran a robustness check with polynomial regression analyses and the response surface methodology.FindingsCI–employee participation fit is positively associated with operational performance, suggesting that there is less need for employees to be involved when a firm has scarcely developed CI. Employee participation becomes gradually more relevant as CI progresses. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the CI–centralisation of authority fit is negatively associated with operational performance, suggesting that a top-down management approach with centralised authority is preferable when CI is low, whereas a bottom-up management approach is helpful when a firm has extensively developed CI.Originality/valueThis research draws on the concept of organisational fit to explore the relationships between internal practices in the operations management literature. The authors suggest that managers should dynamically balance the practices of employee participation and centralisation of authority as CI improves. This study highlights that CI has different evolutionary levels that require different managerial approaches and practices.
A network controlled vertical handoff mechanism for heterogeneous wireless network using optimized support vector neural network
Authors: Patil Mithun B. , Patil Rekha 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Vertical handoff mechanism (VHO) becomes very popular because of the improvements in the mobility models. These developments are less to certain circumstances and thus do not provide support in generic mobility, but the vertical handover management providing in the heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) is crucial and challenging. Hence, this paper introduces the vertical handoff management approach based on an effective network selection scheme.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper aims to improve the working principle of previous methods and make VHO more efficient and reliable for the HWN.Initially, the handover triggering techniques is modelled for identifying an appropriate place to initiate handover based on the computed coverage area of cellular base station or wireless local area network (WLAN) access point. Then, inappropriate networks are eliminated for determining the better network to perform handover. Accordingly, a network selection approach is introduced on the basis ofthe Fractional-dolphin echolocation-based support vector neural network (Fractional-DE-based SVNN). The Fractional-DE is designed by integrating Fractional calculus (FC) in Dolphin echolocation (DE), and thereby, modifying the update rule of the DE algorithm based on the location of the solutions in past iterations. The proposed Fractional-DE algorithm is used to train Support vector neural network (SVNN) for selecting the best weights. Several parameters, like Bit error rate (BER), End to end delay (EED), jitter, packet loss, and energy consumption are considered for choosing the best network.

Findings
The performance of the proposed VHO mechanism based on Fractional-DE is evaluated based on delay, energy consumption, staytime, and throughput. The proposed Fractional-DE method achieves the minimal delay of 0.0100 sec, the minimal energy consumption of 0.348, maximal staytime of 4.373 sec, and the maximal throughput of 109.20 kbps.

Originality/value
In this paper, a network selection approach is introduced on the basis of the Fractional-Dolphin Echolocation-based Support vector neural network (Fractional-DE-based SVNN). The Fractional-DE is designed by integrating Fractional calculus (FC) in Dolphin echolocation (DE), and thereby, modifying the update rule of the DE algorithm based on the location of the solutions in past iterations. The proposed Fractional-DE algorithm is used to train SVNN for selecting the best weights. Several parameters, like Bit error rate (BER), End to end delay (EED), jitter, packet loss, and energy consumption are considered for choosing the best network.The performance of the proposed VHO mechanism based on Fractional-DE is evaluated based on delay, energy consumption, staytime, and throughput, in which the proposed method offers the best performance.
Advantages and disadvantages of developing an enterprise resource planning to manage quality in an accredited reality. COSMOB S.p.A case study
Authors: Bravi Laura , Murmura Federica , Santos Gilberto , Tomassini Luca , Gnaccarini Alessio 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the innovations introduced, with reference to enterprise resource planning, in the Italian wood–furniture sector, focusing attention on the COSMOB S.p.A. case study, identifying how this small company tried to exploit the advantages offered by the introduction of new digital technologies to remain competitive in the context of the accredited Test Laboratories in the furniture industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The research has been developed with a qualitative approach. The study is a conceptual development and it uses exploratory interviews to create a single case study of COSMOB. The case study was developed with the realization by the researcher of a long period of support to the company’s Quality Manager, and periodic bi-monthly interviews for an update of their perceptions on the development of the activity.

Findings
The need for rapid decision-making processes, the management of high volumes of data and the need for inter- and intra-organizational connection had a critical relief in company’s decision to adopt the integrated software. As for the main problems related to its adoption, these were the duration of the implementation of the operation, the complexity of the system and its limited adaptability.

Originality/value
The value of the paper relies on the development of an in-depth company case study, where the researcher supported the implementation of the system for the entire activity, obtaining therefore, a qualitative base of information that cannot be obtained through limited interviews.
Management ownership and the performance of Islamic microfinance institutions: a panel data analysis of Indonesian Islamic rural banks
Authors: Fithria Annisa , Sholihin Mahfud , Arief Usman , Anindita Arif 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study aims to analyse the relationship between management ownership and the performance of Islamic microfinance institutions (MFIs) using panel data from Indonesian Islamic rural banks (Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah [BPRS]).

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses unbalanced quarterly panel data from BPRS during the period from 2011 to 2016. Performance, as the dependent variable in this study, is analysed based on three sets of measures, namely, profitability, efficiency and the financing risk. Management ownership, as the independent variable in this study, is represented by ownership by the board of directors (BOD), the board of commissioners (BOC) and the sharia supervisory boards (SSB).

Findings
The results show that ownership by the BOD and BOC does not have a significant relationship with profitability and efficiency. However, the BOD ownership has a negative relationship with the financing risk and vice versa for the BOC ownership. Additionally, the study reveals that ownership by the SSB plays a positive and significant role in increasing the profitability and efficiency but does not have a significant impact on the financing risk.

Originality/value
This is one of the first studies to provide empirical results regarding the relationship between management (BOD, BOC and SSB) ownership and the performance of BPRS. The finding reveals that ownership by the SSB is very important to increase the profitability and efficiency of the BPRS.

Contribution to Impact
This study fills the gap in the literature about Islamic MFIs in Indonesia, especially the BPRS. This research also provides an insight into corporate governance practices and Islamic MFIs’ performance using BPRS data. The findings provide useful information for policy makers and regulators.
The potential of Islamic social finance to alleviate poverty in the era of COVID-19: the moderating effect of ethical orientation
Authors: Umar Umar Habibu , Baita Abubakar Jamilu , Haron Md Harashid Bin , Kabiru Sadanu Hamza 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the potential of the awareness and knowledge of Islamic social finance (zakat,waqfand Islamic microfinance) to alleviate poverty during the COVID-19 pandemic with the moderating effect of ethical orientation.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through the administration of paper-based and electronic questionnaires to 400 respondents out of which only 277 were found valid for analysis.FindingsThe study showed that by direct relationship, the awareness and knowledge of Islamic social finance instruments have a potentially significant positive contribution to poverty alleviation during the COVID-19 pandemic except for zakat that has an insignificant positive contribution. Ethical oriental has also a significant positive contribution. Contrary to expectation, the moderating effect of ethical orientation has changed zakat andwaqfto have significant negative and insignificant positive contributions, respectively. Only Islamic microfinance has endured the moderating effect to continue contributing significantly and positively to the reduction of poverty.Research limitations/implicationsThe study explored only the potential impact of the awareness and knowledge of Islamic social finance to mitigate the extreme poverty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.Practical implicationsThis study clearly showed the need to create enabling laws and policies to support the operations of zakat andwaqfinstitutions to achieve their objectives effectively and efficiently. These two institutions should be integrated with Islamic microfinance for the possibility of getting better outcomes.Social implicationsThere should be massive campaigns to restore religious, social and political ethics to enhance the socio-economic development of Nigerians based on the principles of brotherhood.Originality/valueThis study provides unexpected and unusual results showing the inability of zakat andwaqfinstitutions to alleviate poverty due to poor ethical orientation.