bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural investigations of polyurethane and silk‐polyurethane composite fiber studied by 13C solid‐state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Asakura Tetsuo , Ibe Yusuke , Jono Takaki , Matsuda Hironori , Kuwabara Nobuo , Naito Akira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) fibers possess excellent mechanical properties together with biocompatibility and have attracted great attention in applications including biomaterials. The SF‐polyurethane (PU) composite materials are expected to improve the mechanical properties and expand the application of SF. In this article, PU consisting of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and poly (butylene adipate) is synthesized and characterized using 13C solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. Then, the regenerated SF‐PU (95: 5 wt%) fiber is prepared, which results in a 11.7% increase in tensile strength and 81% increase in elongation‐at‐break compared with those of SF fiber. The reason for the increase is due to the increase of random coil conformation in SF observed by 13C solid‐state NMR and the presence of IPDI in the PU. Thus, it can be emphasized that this PU is very effective in changing the conformation of SF fiber by increasing random coil fraction and improve the mechanical properties.
Self‐report screening instruments differentiate bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Palmer Brian A. , Pahwa Mehak , Geske Jennifer R. , Kung Simon , Nassan Malik , Schak Kathryn M. , Alarcon Renato D. , Frye Mark A. , Singh Balwinder 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) share overlapping phenomenology and are frequently misdiagnosed. This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI) in a clinical inpatient setting and whether individual screening items could differentiate BD from BPD.Methods757 sequential inpatients admitted to a Mood Disorder Unit completed both the MDQ and MSI. Screen positive for the MDQ was defined as ≥7/13 symptoms endorsed with concurrence and at least moderate impact. Screen positive for the MSI was defined as a score of ≥7. The clinical discharge summary diagnosis completed by a board‐certified psychiatrist was used as the reference standard to identify concordance rates of a positive screen with clinical diagnosis. Individual items predicting one disorder and simultaneously predicting absence of other disorder by odds ratio (OR>and <1) were identified.ResultsBoth screening instruments were more specific than sensitive (MDQ 83.7%/ 67.8%, MSI 73.2% / 63.3%). MDQ individual items (elevated mood, grandiosity, increased energy, pressured speech, decreased need for sleep, hyperactivity) were significant predictors of BD diagnosis and non‐predictors of BPD diagnosis. Whereas MSI subitem, self‐harm behaviors/suicidal attempts predicted BPD in the absence of BD; distrust and irritability were additional predictors of BPD.ConclusionWhile this study is limited by the lack of structured diagnostic interview, these data provide differential symptoms to discriminate BD and BPD. Further work with larger datasets and more rigorous bioinformatics machine learning methodology is encouraged to continue to identify distinguishing features of these two disorders to guide diagnostic precision and subsequent treatment recommendations.
Fortnightly or fractionated weekly docetaxel–cisplatin–5‐FU as first‐line treatment in advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: The randomized phase II DoGE study
Authors: Deleporte Amélie , Van den Eynde Marc , Forget Frédéric , Holbrechts Stéphane , Delaunoit Thierry , Houbiers Ghislain , Kalantari Hassan R. , Laurent Stéphanie , Vanderstraeten Erik , De Man Marc , Vergauwe Philippe , Clausse Marylene , Van Der Auwera Jacques , D’Hondt Lionel , Pierre Pascal , Ghillemijn Bjorn , Covas Angelique , Paesmans Marianne , Ameye Lieveke , Awada Ahmad , Sclafani Francesco , Hendlisz Alain 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile docetaxel/cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil (DCF) outperforms CF in first‐line gastric adenocarcinoma, toxicity remains an issue.MethodsThis multicenter phase II trial randomized chemonaïve metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma patients to fractionated weekly DCF (D 40 mg/m2, C 35 mg/m², F 1800 mg/m² over 24 h, on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks, arm (1) or fortnightly DCF (D 50 mg/m2, C 50 mg/m², F 2000 mg/m² over 48 h every 2 weeks, arm (2). Prophylactic granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) was not allowed. The primary endpoint was the rate of febrile neutropenia within the first six treatment weeks (early FN).ResultsA total of 106 eligible patients were recruited. The early and overall FN rates were 9.5% and 17% in arm 1, respectively, and 5.9% and 8% in arm 2, respectively. Grade ≥3 toxicities occurred in 81% of patients in arm 1 and 90% of patients in arm 2, the most common being neutropenia (33% vs. 61%), fatigue (27% vs. 25%), vomiting (21% vs. 12%), anorexia (19% vs. 18%), and diarrhea (17% vs. 10%). Median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 5.1 (95% CI, 3.2–6.5) and 8.2 months (95% CI, 6.0–14.5), respectively, in arm 1 and 5.2 (95% CI, 3.0–6.9) and 11.9 months (95% CI, 7.4–15.9), respectively, in arm 2.ConclusionsFractionated weekly and fortnightly DCF regimens are associated with a low risk of early FN, and a better hematological toxicity profile as compared to historical DCF without compromising efficacy. Both regimens offer greater convenience removing the need for systematic use of prophylactic G‐CSF.
ExpressGesture: Expressive gesture generation from speech through database matching
Authors: Ferstl Ylva , Neff Michael , McDonnell Rachel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCo‐speech gestures are a vital ingredient in making virtual agents more human‐like and engaging. Automatically generated gestures based on speech‐input often lack realistic and defined gesture form. We present a database‐driven approach guaranteeing defined gesture form. We built a large corpus of over 23,000 motion‐captured co‐speech gestures and select individual gestures based on expressive gesture characteristics that can be estimated from speech audio. The expressive parameters are gesture velocity and acceleration, gesture size, arm swivel, and finger extension. Individual, parameter‐matched gestures are then combined into animated sequences. We evaluate our gesture generation system in two perceptual studies. The first study compares our method to the ground truth gestures as well as mismatched gestures. The second study compares our method to five current generative machine learning models. Our method outperformed mismatched gesture selection in the first study and showed competitive performance in the second.
Pyramidal CdS Polyhedron Modified with NiAl LDH to Form S‐scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Mengxue , Wang Kai , Jin Zhiliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe construction of a stable and efficient photocatalyst plays an important role in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction of water splitting under visible light. In this work, both the pyramidal CdS polyhedron and NiAl LDH nanosheets were prepared by the hydrothermal method. Then, the CdS/NiAl LDH composite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by physical mixing CdS and NiAl LDH. The best‐performing CdS/NiAl LDH photocatalyst shows out maximum H2‐production activity, which is about 6.31 times higher than pristine CdS. The loading of NiAl LDH nanosheets on the surface of pyramidal CdS polyhedron were verified by the XRD and the TEM characterization. The UV‐vis DRS indicated that the CdS/NiAl LDH composite photocatalyst was employed with distinct light absorption capacity compared with pristine CdS and pure NiAl LDH. Moreover, the CdS/NiAl LDH photocatalyst has efficient photon‐generated carriers separation capability. The outstanding photocatalytic H2 production of CdS/NiAl LDH profit from both morphological control and the formation of an S‐scheme heterojunction. Besides eliminating useless electrons and holes, the S‐scheme process could also provide more electrons to participate in photocatalytic H2 production.
Phosphate‐Based Self‐Immolative Linkers for Tuneable Double Cargo Release
Authors: Šimon Petr , Tichotová Markéta , García Gallardo María , Procházková Eliška , Baszczyňski Ondřej 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhosphorus‐based self‐immolative (SI) linkers offer a wide range of applications, such as smart materials and drug‐delivery systems. Phosphorus SI linkers are ideal candidates for double‐cargo delivery platforms because they have a higher valency than carbon. A series of substituted phosphate linkers was designed for releasing two phenolic cargos through SI followed by chemical hydrolysis. Suitable modifications of the lactate spacer increased the cargo release rate significantly, from 1 day to 2 hours or 5 minutes, as shown for linkers containing p‐fluoro phenol. In turn, double cargo linkers bearing p‐methyl phenol released their cargo more slowly (4 days, 4 hours, and 15 minutes) than their p‐fluoro analogues. The α‐hydroxyisobutyrate linker released both cargos in 25 minutes. Our study expands the current portfolio of SI constructs by providing a double cargo delivery option, which is crucial to develop universal SI platforms.
Auf stürmischer See an Deck bleiben
Authors: Kunz Peter M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFühren ist keine strategische, mathematische Aufgabe zu manipulieren – führen ist eine strategische, emotionale Aufgabe, die Motivatoren der Mitarbeitenden anzusprechen. Unser Beitrag „Auf stürmischer See an Bord gehen‟ in CITplus 3/2021, beschrieb, wie a
Visualisieren, steuern, protokollieren
Authors: Fehrenbach Tobias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDie Anforderungen an Vakuum‐Prozessanlagen sind heutzutage insbesondere in der pharmazeutischen und kosmetischen Industrie äußerst komplex. Zugleich steigen die Anforderungen an die Sicherheit der Prozesse und an die Einfachheit der Bedienung. Mit der neu
Ist Ethernet‐APL marktreif?
Authors: Hennecke Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDer Advanced Physical Layer für Ethernet, kurz Ethernet‐APL überbrückt die heute noch bestehende Klamm zwischen Leittechnikraum und Feld in einer Prozessanlage. Die Zweidrahtleitung ist für ihre Robustheit geschätzt und etabliert. Ethernet‐APL definiert a
A Highly Selective Metal‐Free Boron‐Based Catalyst for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene
Authors: Wang Yue‐Ran , Sheng Jian , Lu Wen‐Duo , Yan Bing , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionOxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene is considered as an alternative route to styrene because of its exothermic and irreversible reaction nature, but encounters low styrene selectivity due to the deep‐oxidation over metal oxide‐based catalysts. Herein, we reported that a metal‐free boron‐based catalyst consisting of boron phosphate and boron nitride (BPO4/BN) exhibited high activity and selectivity in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene. High selectivity of styrene (95.1%) was achieved at 27.7% ethylbenzene conversion level over the optimized BPO4/BN catalyst. The tetra‐coordinated boron (BO4) species of BPO4 was speculated to be responsible for the ODH of ethylbenzene, and a synergistic effect between BPO4 and BN can remarkably improve the catalytic performance of the BPO4/BN catalyst. The optimized BPO4/BN catalyst showed a higher styrene formation rate of 4.0 mmol gcat−1·h−1, compared individually to BPO4 (2.8 mmol·gcat–1·h–1) and BN (0.5 mmol·gcat–1·h–1).
A computational model of emotion based on audio‐visual stimuli understanding and personalized regulation with concurrency
Authors: Jiang Dazhi , Jin Donghui , Zhuang Jiaxi , Tan Daqiang , Chen Dicheng , Liang Yujie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe target of Emotion modeling is to establish an system that can perceive, recognize, and express emotions with concurrency which humanity have by proper mathematical models. A big challenge in Emotion modeling is to establish the complex personal system of an intelligent agent or machine in a quasi‐physical and quasi‐sociological way, so that it rationally responds to emotions and behaviors by different internal and external stimuli with concurrency. For this purpose, an emotion classification model is presented for the audio‐visual external stimuli based on an improved long short‐term memory network. Then, based on Gross's emotional regulation theory, a hidden Markov model is constructed to imitate the process framework of human emotional cognition and personalized emotional regulation and expression, so as to realize the machine's intuitive and reasonable response to stimuli with concurrency. In this article, a framework of machine personalized artificial emotion simulation is preliminarily constructed, which provides a new model for human–computer interaction, in order to provide a reference solution for machine emotion understanding and expression.
Platinized Titanium as Alternative Cost‐Effective Anode for Efficient Kolbe Electrolysis in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Neubert Katharina , Schmidt Matthias , Harnisch Falk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFive commercial materials were assessed for electrochemical conversion of n‐hexanoic acid by Kolbe electrolysis. Platinized titanium performed best, achieving a coulombic efficiency (CE) of 93.1±6.7 % (n=6) for the degradation of n‐hexanoic acid and 48.3±3.2 % (n=6) for the production of n‐decane, which is close to the performance of pure platinum (89.7±14.4 and 55.5±3.5 %; n=6). 56.7 mL liquid fuel was produced per mole n‐hexanoic acid, converting to an energy demand of 6.66 kWh and 1.22 € per L. Using optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, it was shown that the degree of coverage of the titanium surface with platinum played the most important role. An uncovered surface of as little as 1–3 % already led to a deterioration of the CE of approximately 50 %. Using platinized titanium requires >36 times less capital expenditure at only <10 % increased operational expenditure; an electrode lifetime of 10000 h can be expected.
Geological storage of CO2–N2–O2 mixtures produced by membrane‐based direct air capture (DAC)
Authors: Tsuji Takeshi , Sorai Masao , Shiga Masashige , Fujikawa Shigenori , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCarbon capture and storage has been considered as a realistic approach to reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, the cost of capturing high‐purity CO2 typically used for geological storage (e.g., 98%) is high. Direct air capture (DAC), a technology that extracts CO2 of relatively low‐purity from the ambient atmosphere, has been recently proposed as a means to achieve negative CO2 emissions when the product is sequestered underground. Although the CO2 produced by DAC is of low‐purity, the other gaseous components (mainly nitrogen and oxygen) are not hazardous materials like NOx and SOx that must be typically dealt with by conventional projects in coal‐burning plants. Here, we evaluate geological storage of the low‐purity CO2 captured via advanced membrane‐based DAC technology. The ubiquity of ambient air is important in reducing transport costs and ensuring social acceptance as the CO2 product can be both produced and stored at sites in remote areas, such as deserts and offshore platforms. We calculated the density of CO2–N2–O2 mixtures via molecular dynamics simulation and evaluated the cost of the low‐purity CO2 storage. Our evaluation suggests that the storage of low‐purity CO2 in geological formations is environmentally acceptable and economically viable. © 2021 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
HIV‐induced neuroinflammation inhibits oligodendrocyte maturation via glutamate‐dependent activation of the PERK arm of the integrated stress response
Authors: Roth Lindsay M. , Akay‐Espinoza Cagla , Grinspan Judith B. , Jordan‐Sciutto Kelly L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) affects 30–50% of HIV‐positive patients. Importantly, persistent white matter pathologies, specifically corpus callosum thinning and disruption of white matter microstructures observed in patients with HAND despite viral control through cART, raise the possibility that HIV infection in the setting of suboptimal cART may perturb oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation, function and/or survival, influencing HAND persistence in the cART era. To examine the effect of HIV infection on OL maturation, we used supernatants of primary human monocyte‐derived macrophages infected with HIV (HIV/MDMs) to treat primary cultures of rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) during their differentiation to mature OLs. Using immunostaining for lineage‐specific markers, we found that HIV/MDMs significantly inhibited OPC maturation. Based on our previous studies, we examined the potential role of several signaling pathways, including ionotropic glutamate receptors and the integrated stress response (ISR), and found that AMPA receptors (AMPAR)/kainic acid (KA) receptors (KARs) mediated the HIV/MDMs‐induced defect in OL maturation. We also found that the treatment of OPC cultures with glutamate or AMPAR/KAR agonists phenocopied this effect. Blocking ISR activation, specifically the PERK arm of the ISR, protected OPCs from HIV/MDMs‐mediated inhibition of OL maturation. Further, while glutamate, AMPA, and KA activated the ISR, inhibition of AMPAR/KAR activation prevented ISR induction in OPCs and rescued OL maturation. Collectively, these data identify glutamate signaling via ISR activation as a potential therapeutic pathway to ameliorate white matter pathologies in HAND and highlight the need for further investigation of their contribution to cognitive impairment.
Experience, experience, experience: Too much of a good thing for executive performance
Authors: Hahn Huh‐Jung , Kim Sungjun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCumulative work experience is considered as a critical contributor to one's performance. However, Human Capital Theory and The Experience Trap propose seemingly contradictory perspectives regarding the work experience–performance relationship, and thereby calls for a means for integration. In this study, we investigated the relationship between cumulative experience and work performance using data generated from a comprehensive questionnaire and executive performance appraisals of 376 executives from a large business group in South Korea. By measuring work experience using multiple proxies (organizational tenure, executive tenure, and self‐evaluated, cumulative work experience), we found that the association between experience and performance is not simply linear, but rather a curvilinear (inverted‐U shaped). The time‐lagged study design utilized across two time‐points ensured the robustness of this finding. Interestingly, a closer look at the nature of the curvilinear relationship for organizational tenure and self‐evaluated experience uncovered opposite trends, providing a multi‐faceted understanding of the experience–performance relationship. Our findings challenge the conventional belief in the linear relationship between experience and performance, and call for a critical assessment of current human resources (HR) practices that heavily rely on work experience.
A multi‐sensor evaluation of precipitation uncertainty for landslide‐triggering storm events
Authors: Culler Elsa S. , Badger Andrew M. , Minear Justin Toby , Tiampo Kristy F. , Zeigler Spencer D. , Livneh Ben 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtreme precipitation can have profound consequences for communities, resulting in natural hazards such as rainfall‐triggered landslides that cause casualties and extensive property damage. A key challenge to understanding and predicting rainfall‐triggered landslides comes from observational uncertainties in the depth and intensity of precipitation preceding the event. Practitioners and researchers must select from a wide range of precipitation products, often with little guidance. Here we evaluate the degree of precipitation uncertainty across multiple precipitation products for a large set of landslide‐triggering storm events and investigate the impact of these uncertainties on predicted landslide probability using published intensity–duration thresholds. The average intensity, peak intensity, duration, and NOAA‐Atlas return periods are compared ahead of 177 reported landslides across the continental United States and Canada. Precipitation data are taken from four products that cover disparate measurement methods: near real‐time and post‐processed satellite (IMERG), radar (MRMS), and gauge‐based (NLDAS‐2). Landslide‐triggering precipitation was found to vary widely across precipitation products with the depth of individual storm events diverging by as much as 296 mm with an average range of 51 mm. Peak intensity measurements, which are typically influential in triggering landslides, were also highly variable with an average range of 7.8 mm/h and as much as 57 mm/h. The two products more reliant upon ground‐based observations (MRMS and NLDAS‐2) performed better at identifying landslides according to published intensity–duration storm thresholds, but all products exhibited hit ratios of greater than 0.56. A greater proportion of landslides were predicted when including only manually verified landslide locations. We recommend practitioners consider low‐latency products like MRMS for investigating landslides, given their near‐real time data availability and good performance in detecting landslides. Practitioners would be well‐served considering more than one product as a way to confirm intense storm signals and minimize the influence of noise and false alarms.
Segmentation and classification of ground glass nodule on CT images
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Yue Shihong , Chen Jun , Li Qi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe symptoms of lung cancer mainly manifest as lung nodules. The recognition and diagnosis of a ground glass nodule (GGN) are relatively difficult, and its image features are not easy to extract. To improve the accuracy of segmentation and invasive classification of GGN, a region adaptive Markov random field (MRF) model and a two‐channel integrated network based on densely connected convolutional neural networks (DenseNet) are developed in this paper. First, the lung parenchyma is segmented coarsely, and the corresponding contour is repaired. Afterwards, the fuzzy C‐means (FCM) clustering algorithm and a simple MRF model for the coarse segmentation of GGN are applied. Then, the region adaptive MRF model for the fine segmentation of GGN is used. Moreover, the two‐channel integrated network based on DenseNet is used for GGN invasive classification. Results show that the average value of the overlapping area ratio of the segmentation result to that obtained by one physician was 0.9144, and the accuracy of the proposed GGN invasive classification model, the specificity, sensitivity, and the area under curve were 92.553%, 87.500%, 97.826%, and 0.9715, respectively. The proposed segmentation method can segment GGN more accurately, and the corresponding GGN invasive classification model achieved satisfying classification performance.