bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity of Glycemic Exposure in Early Adulthood and Target Organ Damage in Middle Age: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Lin Yifen , Zhong Xiangbin , Xiong Zhenyu , Zhang Shaozhao , Liu Menghui , Fan Yongqiang , Huang Yiquan , Sun Xiuting , Zhou Huimin , Xu Xingfeng , Guo Yue , Li Yuqi , Yang Daya , Ye Xiaomin , Zhuang Xiaodong , Liao Xinxue 
Published: June 2021

AimTo determine whether long-term intensity of glycemic exposure (IGE) during young adulthood is associated with multiple target organs function at midlife independent of single fasting glucose (FG) measurement.MethodsWe included 2,859 participants, aged 18–30 years at Y0, in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. IGE was calculated as the sum of (average FG of two consecutive examinations × years between the examinations) over 25 years. Target organs function was indicated by cardiac structure, left ventricular (LV) systolic function, LV diastolic function, coronary artery calcium (CAC), and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) at Y25. We evaluated the associations between IGE with target organs function using linear regression models and estimated the associations between IGE with numbers of organs involved (0, 1, or ≥ 2 organs) using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsA 1-SD increment of IGE was significantly associated with worse target organs function after multivariable adjustment: left ventricular mass (β [SE], 5.468 [1.175]); global longitudinal strain (β [SE], 0.161 [0.071]); E/e’ ratio (β[SE], 0.192 [0.071]); CAC score (β [SE], 27.948 [6.116]); and log UACR (β [SE], 0.076 [0.010]). Besides, IGE was independently associated with having ≥ 2 organs involved in both overall population (OR [95% CI], 1.48 [1.23, 1.41], P &lt; 0.001) and subgroups stratified by diabetes at Y25.ConclusionHigher intensity of glycemic exposure during young adulthood was independently associated with subclinical alterations of target organs function at midlife. Our findings highlight the importance of early screening and management of IGE in youth.
Psychological Distress Among Health Care Workers in Health Facilities of Mettu Town During COVID-19 Outbreak, South West Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Hajure Mohammedamin , Dibaba Bekem , Shemsu Shuayib , Desalegn Defaru , Reshad Mohammed , Mohammedhussein Mustefa 
Published: June 2021

Background: During any of the infectious disease outbreak, health care workers were at increased risk of being infected, and psychological distress was a common phenomenon. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the psychological distress related to COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Mettu town.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from May 1–15, 2020 using convenient sampling techniques among 127 health care providers during COVID-19 pandemic in the Mettu town. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Depression and anxiety were evaluated as subscales from the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Psychological distress related to COVID-19 was measured using the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R). Data analysis were done using SPSS version 24. Chi-square test was used to find the association between the outcome and demographic variables. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the significance of the association at P-value &lt; 0.05.Result: Using IES-R scale, 40.2% of the participants reported to have the symptoms of psychological distress. The majority of the participants reported mild psychological distress (37%) followed by moderate psychological distress (29%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of psychological distress were found to be higher among health care providers who reported to have depressive symptoms, and those who used alcohol, khat and tobacco in the past 3 months shows a significant association with psychological distress.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had exerted major psychological distress on health care providers. So the findings, seek attention for early psychological intervention needed to manage psychological distress in health care providers regarding identified factors.
INteractive Virtual Expert-Led Skills Training: A Multi-Modal Curriculum for Medical Trainees
Authors: Curtin Michelle , Downs Jennifer , Hunt Amber , Coleman Emily R. , Enneking Brett A. , McNally Keehn Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

Background: Internationally, pediatric depression and suicide are significant issues. Additionally, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric mental health needs are rising astronomically. In light of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatrist (CAP) subspecialist shortages in the United States (US), there is an increasing call for primary care physicians in Family Medicine and Pediatrics to address an increasingly broad variety of patient needs. Here we report on the development and preliminary evaluation of medical student and resident perceptions on the “INteractive Virtual Expert-led Skills Training” (INVEST) medical education curriculum, a virtual synchronous CAP curriculum employing active learning strategies, including expert-led discussion and video modeling, and discussion designed to meet those priorities.Methods: In a standardized 60-min training format, our curriculum leverages audience response system polling, video modeling of key clinical skills, and interactive discussion with an expert subspecialist, over a virtual video conferencing platform. The primary educational strategy relies on use of video modeling to demonstrate best practice with CAP led group discussion to solidify and explain important concepts. Five waves of medical students and residents (N = 149) participated in the INVEST curriculum and completed pre- and post-training surveys regarding knowledge and comfort in the management of pediatric patients with depression and suicidality.Results: Trainee participants reported significant positive gains in perceived likelihood of encountering pediatric suicidality as well as knowledge/comfort with depression screening and suicidality assessment in a primary care setting. Across some competency areas, there was an effect of medical learner level. Learners at lower levels generally reported the highest benefit. Medical students reported significant increases in their comfort interpreting and discussing positive depression screens and evidenced the greatest relative benefit in comfort with discussing suicidality.Conclusion: To our knowledge, INVEST is the first fully virtual, multimodal curriculum led by expert CAP subspecialists. Our findings suggest that INVEST shows promise for equipping medical learners with baseline knowledge for caring for patients with pediatric depression and suicidality. This synchronous, virtually delivered curriculum allows for critical training delivered to diverse medical learners regardless of geographic location, a particular benefit during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
La travée alternée dans l’architecture italienne de la Renaissance : origines et développement
Authors: De Jonge Krista 
Published: June 2021

The alternated span in the Italian Renaissance architecture.
The instructions for use of the five orders have so far been paid less attention than the origin of the system. The “serlienne” pattern and that of the rythmical span appear as special applications of a style of patterns which the author studies in detail and suggests to name “the alternated span’’. This pattern has its sources in medieval and antique examples (triumphal arches) but is not exact copy. The author shows how these different types have influenced each other and been combined, the evolution of the small scale architecture into the monumental architecture, and the rich and original Venetian solutions.
Les maisons Jaoul de Le Corbusier (1951-1956)
Authors: Maniaque-Benton Caroline 
Published: June 2021

The Jaoul homes by Le Corbusier.
The two houses built in Neuilly-sur-Seine by Le Corbusier for the Jaoul family in 1951-1956 seemed to be the enforcement of the new “brutaliste” aesthetism of Le Corbusier ; they can be seen as the ultimate stage of the continual research on vaults and modular space. Studying the notebooks of Le Corbusier and the interviews of the people involved (owners, co-workers, contractors) enables to retrace the history of this long neglected work. They also enable us to witness the application of the complex links between Le Corbusier’s ideas, the work of his co-workers and the initiative of the contractors, on an exemplified case.
A. Kingsley Porter et la sculpture préromane
Authors: Mezoughi Nourredine 
Published: June 2021

A.K. Porter and Pre-romanesque sculpture (unpublished lecture, march 1983).
The analysis of A.K. Porter’s life and work permits us to make the following observations : 1) Porter’s work can be divided into several broad phases : 1909-1915 lea 1917-1924 and ca 1925-1928/ 1929-1933. Each phase produced writings synthesizing his research.
2) The study of pre-romanesque sculpture only emerged late in the course of his art historical investigations.
From 1923 onward, Porter wanted to establish his romanesque “firmly on pre — and proto — romanesque foundations”. Their distant origins he saw in the Orient (substituted for Classical origins). This clarified the fundamental problem of the emergence of a new style, called romanesque. The results of this scholarship can easily be contested, if they are just considered by themselves. The real merit of Porter’s work lies in the articulation of a formal system. This contribution assigns him a place of relative originality among the “great ancestors” of the pre-war era.
Les illustrations d’un manuscrit persan de la Bibliothèque nationale : « Le livre des merveilles de la Création »
Authors: Fotouhi Taraneh 
Published: June 2021

The illustrations of a persian manuscript in the Bibliothèque nationale : the “ Book of the Marvels of the Creation ” (ms. sup. pers. 332).
The Book of the Marvels of the Creation, an anonymous adaptation of the arabic work by Al-Qazwini, is a sort of illustrated encyclopedy, in which the pictures play a major part. The datation of the 262 miniatures varies according to the authors. A stylistic analysis allows a division in several groups. Those of the first two groups come from the workshop sponsored by Sultan Ahmad in Baghdad between 1382 and 1393 ; the others were produced in the same workshop between 1394 and 1401, then between 1405 and 1410. The deep stylistic differences found between the different groups can’t be explained by a chronological gap, but by the diversity of the craftsmen who collaborated to the illustration of the manuscript.
Le Festin du Mauvais Riche et le Festin d’Hérode : la signification du repas dans la sculpture du XIIe siècle
Authors: Devillard Fabienne 
Published: June 2021

The Feast of the Rich Man and Herod’s Feast : the Meaning of the Meal in the 12th C. Sculpture.
The sample studied has been selected from about a hundred sculptural representations of meal scenes in France from the middle of the 11th C. to the middle of the 12th C. Eleven scenes which represent either the Feast of the Rich Man or Herod’s Feast have a scriptural source and are part of a long Biblical tradition. The author has examined the moral and social meaning of these Feasts for the period in which they were made. The subtlety of the attitudes, gestures and expressions suggests the importance of this theme for the collective mentality. The structure of the space is analyzed in detail. The dramatic sense of the scene is stressed by the sculptors and the convivial and festive character of the meals offers an occasion to remember the Christian doctrine concerning the nourishment of the body. These scenes insist on the notion of the « sinful meal » and represent a real lesson of Christian morals favouring charity and salvation.
Maison et paysage urbain dans les villes au Proche-Orient (IIe-Ve siècle ap. J.-C)
Authors: Saliou Catherine 
Published: June 2021

House and urban landscape in the towns of the Near-East (2nd-5th C. A.D.).
The roman regulations of urbanism, very sensitive to the good aspect of towns, are applied in the Hellenized Orient from the 1rst C. A.D. The excavations of residential areas achieved on different sites, among them Néa Paphos (Cyprus), Palmyra and Apamée (Syria), present a development of urbanism where the large middle-class house plays effectively an important decorative part in the definition of the urban landscape : the colonnade, also present in the porticoes of the streets and in the inner courtyards including a peristyle, provides a continuity between the urban space and the private space.
La notion de planification dans l’urbanisme maya classique
Authors: Hoppan Jean-Michel 
Published: June 2021

The notion of planification in classical maya urbanism.
Maya urban areas differ from the usual definition of town by the absence of a dense settlement with running across streets : they present a rather loose juxtaposition of quadrangular sets forming squares or courtyards around monumental religious complexes.
The presence of raised stone causeways, the sacbeob, and of vast water tanks can be also noticed. The analysis of two large sites of the recent classical period (600-900) — Tikal and Copan — and of three minor sites — Altar de Sacrificios, Baking Pot and Tonina —
Les manoirs du canton de Sablé (XVe-XVIe siècles)
Authors: Le Boeuf François 
Published: June 2021

Manors in the Sablé canton 15th and 16th centuries.
A survey located 34 manors, built or considerably modified during the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. These manors are practically always two-storey buildings whilst the local farm house of the same period have only a ground floor. The architectural appearance of the first floor is more elaborate than the ground floor, although apertures have frequently been altered. Each floor, in general, has two separate rooms, except for a few larger manors which have at least three rooms in buildings with an L plan or — in one case — a U plan. In the manors studied, the relations between the ground plan and the façade and between the different façades are very complex. One façade may have casement windows whilst another will have half casement windows ; furthermore, these may alternate so that one façade will be the mirror image of the other. Where the relations between plan and façade are concerned, the combination of a large and a small room will found expression in the façade with a window twice as large as another. Elsewhere, the façade may be lacking in symmetry and bearing little relation to the ground plan ; others still may have symmetrical façades but still with no relation to ground plan.
Une source fondamentale pour l’étude des jardins antérieurs à la Révolution : l’« atlas de rente noble »
Authors: Bénetière Marie-Hélène 
Published: June 2021

A fundamental source for the study of gardens before the French Revolution : the atlas of the noble ground rent.
The landed property and seigneuries belonging to the religious communities of Lyons have been surveyed in the atlases of noble ground rent dating from the second half of the 18th c. The examination of this source has led to the identification of 126 pleasure-gardens ; some of these may be dated with precision, notably the La Fréta garden, designed by J.-G. Soufflot. The plans also provide information on the owners of the gardens, on the species of vegetation found and on the dimensions of certain parts of the garden. This information is not wholly reliable, however : some gardens are older than the atlases, and their layout in the plans is only approximative or a conventional representation. Architectural elements are rarely indicated. All the pleasure-gardens identified in this source have ornamental water-basins, but only two have decorative flower-beds with characteristic 17th c. curvilinear designs. Most have a kitchen-garden, regularly divided up and often isolated from the rest of the garden by a wall or a change of level. Most of the gardens of the Lyons region — almost always terraced gardens — have tree-lined walks or avenues with single or double rows of trees.
Les paysagistes en Auvergne, 1800-1825
Authors: Chabrol Nicolas 
Published: June 2021

Landscape-painters in the Auvergne, 1800-1825.
During the 18th c., the Auvergne was an artistic desert, arousing little interest prior to the publication of some picturesque travellers’ accounts and to P.-M. Gault de Saint-Germain’s stay at Clermont between 1793 and 1801. From time to time, portrait painters such as J.-B. Isabey or other painters of historical subjects depicted the Puy-de-Dôme landscapes, but the Auvergne did not begin to attract artists on a regular basis until the influence of the books of B. Depping and H. Langlois, along with the triumph of lithography, had made itself felt. The year 1819 was a turning point and the beginning of an artistic fashion for the illustration of Auvergnat sites, particularly the Mont-Dore and Royat with their eminently romantic appeal. They were appreciated both by English water-colour artists and by French painters who exhibited at the Salons or who published albums of reproductions. During the 1830s the Auvergne acquired a reputation as the landscape artist’s favourite country. Gradually the landscape, at first a topographical record or the setting for some troubadour scene, became a valued genre in its own right.
La création d’un nouveau décor sculpté dans les jardins de Vaux-Le-Vicomte à la fin du XIXe siècle
Authors: Garnier Bénédicte 
Published: June 2021

The creation of new sculpted decorations in the gardens of Vaux-le -Vicomte at the end of the 19th century.
The decoration of the gardens of the Vaux-le-Vicomte château, designed by Louis Le Nôtre, was left unfinished in 1661, year of the disgrace of the surintendant Nicolas Fouquet. Over the years, the elements of decoration were sold, mutilated or destroyed. In 1875 the estate was acquired by the industrialist Alfred Sommier who, as an enlightened amateur, set about restoring first the château and then, from the 1880s, the gardens. The architect responsible for the restoration of the gardens was Hippolyte Destailleur (1822-1893), accompanied by two gardeners, Flenri and Achille Duchêne. The new sculpted decoration created reveals the prevailing late 19th c. fashion for the art of the 17th and early 18th c., mingling themes associated with childhood and copies of classical sculptures or works inspired by models found at Versailles. Towards the end of the century, six sculptors were involved in the project, all of them trained by Jouffroy at the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts , at Paris, or by such masters as Henri Chapu or Emmanuel Frémiet. In this way the perfect order of the Vaux gardens, dedicated to the glory of Fouquet, was changed into a very mixed collection of essentially decorative works in the most contemporary of styles.
Photographies de paysage : l’envers du décor
Authors: Abelé Christine 
Published: June 2021

Landscape photographies : the other side of the picture.
The success of daguerreotypes, invented in 1839, was immediate, but the physical limitations of the process and the cumbersome material required did not allow the widespread use of photographic equipment outside the studio and the town. This is why, up until the development of the gelatino-bromide process in 1878, only professionals and experienced amateurs ventured out into landscape photography. Between 1839 and 1878, no fewer than six new processes were invented to overcome the drawbacks of the daguerreotype ; of these six, the wet-collodion process was best suited to the needs of landscape photography. The author describes the different types of cameras which could be used outdoors. She then goes on to examine the criteria for successful landscape photography : the weather conditions, the choice of a good viewpoint for achieving contrasts between shade and light, the choice of a foreground allowing for perspective effects, skill in judging exposure time to render colours correctly.
The problem of sky hues was resolved by the use of screens or by the manipulation of prints in the studio. French landscape photographers achieved considerable expertise, and were bettered only by the English.
Antonin Personnaz ou l’aventure d’un autochromiste
Authors: Boulouch Nathalie 
Published: June 2021

Antonin Personnaz or the adventure of an autochromist.
Auguste and Louis Lumière commercialized the first autochrome plates in 1907. This invention appealed to amateur photographic societies. The author here describes the particular efforts of Antonin Personnaz in favour of this process. As an art collector and friend of the impressionists, he was excited by a process capable of rendering the subtle shades of natural colours. The problem of depicting sky colours was solved by the use of black screens or by varying exposure time. Like pictorialists, the autochrome photographer looked to painting as his model. The very technique of the autochrome plate seemed to justify the impressionists’ theories on optical blending, pointillism and the juxtaposition of complementary colours. Nonetheless, the autochrome process was criticized by pictorialists who viewed it as a mechanical fixing of vision, with colours that were too pure. After 1913, Personnaz left Paris ; autochrome photography continued, however, largely on account of its documentary qualities.
Robert Smithson : une critique en actes de la photographie
Authors: Velasco Alberto 
Published: June 2021

Robert Smithson : a critique of photography by acts.
The question of photography’s use for documentary recording, often seen to be at the heart of Land Art, loses its relevance in the work of Robert Smithson. The interplay between the miniaturization effected by photography, reducing boundless distances to the size of a negative, and the approximative localization which it produces, does not allow the artist to believe in the simple veracity of the image. Smithson’s sculptural works bear on the disjunctions which have emerged in the apprehension of american space ; not only does he meet here with the power of the loss of a sense of reality, brought about by an illusionist mediatization, but he also specifies the nature of this loss by going back to its historical roots : the moment when photography was recording the Frontier. By underlining the role of the illusionist image in the loss of the physical sense of this founding element, the Frontier, Smithson makes of photography something more than a mere accessory to his creation. Photography is fully integrated into his works, which play on the materiality of the space as it is experienced physically, and the immateriality of the space represented ; they try to reconstitute the experience of the Frontier, whilst eliminating photography’s seductions and reductions.
Les photographes étrangers dans la France de l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Wanaverbecq Annie-laure 
Published: June 2021

Photographers from abroad in France during the inter-war period.
Between the two wars, many foreigners settled in France. The artists amongst them come from countries which are not representative of the countries of immigrants’ origins as a whole. Where photographers are concerned, a quarter come from Germany and another quarter from Hungary, fleeing the political situation after Admiral Horty’s seizure of power. These Hungarian photographers often came from avant-garde milieux, and they had a far-reaching influence on French photography which, for many years, has gone unrecognized.