bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WNT-Pathway Activation in IBD-Associated Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Potential Biomarkers for Colonic Surveillance
Authors: Claessen Marian M. H. , Schipper Marguerite E. I. , Oldenburg Bas , Siersema Peter D. , Offerhaus G. Johan A. , Vleggaar Frank P. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The Wnt-pathway dominates the sporadic carcinogenesis whereas p53 plays a pivotal role in the colitis-associated counterpart. The expression of Wnt-signaling proteins and p53 during colitis-associated carcinogenesis was determined.Methods: A tissue microarray was constructed with colonic samples from 5 groups of patients: controls (C, n=10), IBD without neoplasia (IBD, n=12), non-dysplastic IBD with neoplasia elsewhere in the colon (IBD-NE, n=12), dysplastic lesion in IBD (IBD-DYS, n=12), and IBD-associated colorectal cancer (IBD-CRC, n=10). Immunohistochemistry was performed for β-catenin, cyclin D1 and p53. p53 sequence analysis was performed in some cases.Results: Nuclear β-catenin expression was found in 0%, 0%, 50%, 55% and 100% of the patients in the C-, IBD-, IBD-NE-, IBD-DYS- and IBD-CRC-groups, respectively. Non-dysplastic IBD mucosa with neoplasia detected elsewhere showed nuclear expression in 50% of the cases compared to 0% in IBD mucosa without neoplasia (p=0.02). Cyclin D1 staining had similar expression patterns. Overexpression of p53 was only detected in the IBD-DYS (66.7%) and IBD-CRC groups (50%).Conclusion: In contrast to previous findings, our results suggest activation of the Wnt-pathway in the early phase of colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Furthermore, as Wnt activation was observed in 50% of the IBD-NE cases, nuclear β-catenin may facilitate detection of neoplasia.
CEACAM7 Is an Effective Target for CAR T-cell Therapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Raj Deepak , Nikolaidi Maria , Garces Irene , Lorizio Daniela , Castro Natalia M. , Caiafa Sabrina G. , Moore Kate , Brown Nicholas F. , Kocher Hemant M. , Duan Xiaobo , Nelson Brad H. , Lemoine Nicholas R. , Marshall John F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
To investigate whether CEACAM7 represents a novel therapeutic target for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to generate CEACAM7-targeting CAR T cells to test this hypothesis.

Experimental Design:
We identified CEACAM7 (CGM2), a member of the CEA family of proteins with expression restricted to the colon and pancreas, as a potential CAR T-cell target for PDAC. We probed a panel of PDAC tumor sections as well as patient-derived PDAC cell cultures for CEACAM7 expression. We generated CAR-targeting CEACAM7, and assessed antitumor efficacy of CEACAM7 CAR T cells using in vitro and in vivo models.

Results:
We show here that CEACAM7 is expressed in a large subset of PDAC tumors, with low to undetectable expression in all normal tissues tested. CEACAM7 is also expressed in primary PDAC cultures isolated from patient-derived tumors, with high expression within the cancer stem cell-enriched subset. CAR T cells targeting CEACAM7 are capable of targeting antigen-expressing tumor cells, and mediate remission in patient-derived xenograft tumors.

Conclusions:
We identify CEACAM7 as a potential therapeutic target in PDAC and describe the development of CEACAM7-targeted CAR T cells with efficacy against PDAC.
Clinical Trial in a Dish
Authors: Lam Chi Keung , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: January 2021

Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is a significant clinical issue, with many drugs in the market being labeled with warnings on cardiovascular adverse effects. Treatments are often prematurely halted when cardiotoxicity is observed, which limits their therapeutic potential. Moreover, cardiotoxicity is a major reason for abandonment during drug development, reducing available treatment options for diseases and creating a significant financial burden and disincentive for drug developers. Thus, it is important to minimize the cardiotoxic effects of medications that are in use or in development. To this end, identifying patients at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular adverse effects for the drug of interest may be an effective strategy. The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells has enabled researchers to generate relevant cell types that retain a patient’s own genome and examine patient-specific disease mechanisms, paving the way for precision medicine. Combined with the rapid development of pharmacogenomic analysis, the ability of induced pluripotent stem cell-derivatives to recapitulate patient-specific drug responses provides a powerful platform to identify subsets of patients who are particularly vulnerable to drug-induced cardiotoxicity. In this review, we will discuss the current use of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells in identifying populations who are at risk to drug-induced cardiotoxicity and their potential applications in future precision medicine practice.

Graphic Abstract:
A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Analyzing China’s research collaboration with the United
States in high-impact and high-technology research
Authors: Zhu Yongjun , Kim Donghun , Yan Erjia , Kim Meen Chul , Qi Guanqiu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study investigates China’s international research collaboration with the United States through a bibliometric analysis of coauthorship over time using historical research publication data. We investigate from three perspectives: overall, high-impact, and high-technology research collaborations using data from Web of Science (WoS), Nature Index, and Technology Alert List maintained by the U.S. Department of State. The results show that the United States is China’s largest research collaborator and that in all three aspects, China and the United States are each other’s primary collaborators much of the time. From China’s perspective, we have found weakening collaboration with the United States over the past 2 years. In terms of high-impact research collaboration, China has historically shared a higher percentage of its research with the United States than vice versa. In terms of high-technology research, the situation is reversed, with the United States sharing more. The percentage of the United States’ high-technology research shared with China has been continuously increasing over the past 10 years, while in China the percentage has been relatively stable.
Wood identification of an ancient Greek coffin from the Bosporan Kingdom
Authors: Stepanova Anna V. , Vasilyeva Nataliya A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Wood identification of 13 samples is made for the first time for the well-preserved coffin from the Bosporan Kingdom exhibited in the State Hermitage Museum. Due to the decay state, observation was carried out with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Additional information was obtained from macerated material. The samples studied show a complex of characteristics common to the Cupressaceae family: axial tracheids without helical thickenings, presence of axial parenchyma, homogeneous rays, cupressoid cross-field pits, and absence of resin canals. The presence of dark-stained content in the ray cells and the structure of its end walls, as well as the size of the rays, allow the determination of the wood samples as Cupressus sp. and Juniperus sp. The supporting parts of the coffin construction are made from cypress, while the decorative details and an inner bed are from juniper. These results support the dating of the coffin and the known information about different usage of timbers in the production of coffins in the Bosporan Kingdom.
Influences of Summertime Arctic Dipole Atmospheric Circulation on Sea Ice Concentration Variations in the Pacific Sector of the Arctic during Different Pacific Decadal Oscillation Phases
Authors: Bi Haibo , Wang Yunhe , Liang Yu , Sun Weifu , Liang Xi , Yu Qinglong , Zhang Zehua , Xu Xiuli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAtmospheric circulation associated with the Arctic dipole (AD) pattern plays a crucial role in modulating the variations of summertime sea ice concentration (SIC) within the Pacific Arctic sector (PAS). Based on reanalysis data and satellite observations, we found that the impacts of atmospheric circulation associated with a positive AD (AD+) on SIC change over different regions of the PAS [including the East Siberian Sea (ESS), Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (BCS), and Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA)] are dependent on the phase shifts of Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). Satellite observations reveal that SIC anomalies, influenced by AD+ during PDO− relative to that during PDO+, varies significantly in summer by 4.9%, −7.3%, and −6.4% over ESS, BCS, and CAA, respectively. Overall, the atmospheric anomalies over CAA and BCS in terms of specific humidity, air temperature, and thereby downward longwave radiation (DLR), are enhanced (weakened) in the atmospheric conditions associated with AD+ during PDO− (PDO+). In these two regions, the larger (smaller) increases in specific humidity and air temperature, associated with AD+ during PDO− (PDO+), are connected to the increased (decreased) poleward moisture flux, strengthened (weakened) convergence of moisture and heat flux, and in part to adiabatic heating. As a consequence, the DLR and surface net energy flux anomalies over the two regions are reinforced in the atmospheric scenarios associated with AD+ during PDO− compared with that during PDO+. Therefore, smaller SIC anomalies are identified over CAA and BCS in the cases related to AD+ during PDO− than during PDO+. Essentially, the changes of the DLR anomaly in CAA and BCS are in alignment with geopotential height anomalies, which are modulated by the anticyclonic circulation pattern in association with AD+ during varying PDO phases. In contrast, the SIC changes over ESS is primarily attributed to the variations in mechanical wind forcing and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The cloud fraction anomalies associated with AD+ during different PDO phases are found not to be a significant contributor to the variations of sea ice anomaly in the studied regions. Given the oscillatory nature of PDO, we speculate that the recent shift to the PDO+ phase may temporarily slow the observed significant decline trend of the summertime SIC within PAS of the Arctic.
Increasing Warm-Season Precipitation in Asian Drylands and Response to Reducing Spring Snow Cover over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Jie , Ma Qianrong , Chen Haishan , Zhao Siwen , Chen Zhiheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrecipitation is crucial for life and the ecological environment in Asian drylands. This study investigated precipitation trends in Asian drylands in the previous four decades and simulated their possible linkage with snow cover reduction over the Tibetan Plateau. The results show that precipitation has been increasing and contributing to wetter conditions in Asian drylands. The increasing trends can be attributed to the deepened quasi-stationary wave trough around Lake Balkhash and the meridional water vapor flux originating from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The midlatitude waves and eddy disturbances correspond to the northward upper-level Tibetan Plateau (TP) mode of the South Asian high (TP-SAH) and the Afro-Asian jet with cyclonic rotation. Both SAH and Afro-Asian jet anomalies strengthen the ascending motion and northward water vapor convergence in Asian drylands, and those are favorable for summer precipitation. The anomalous circulations are linked to the following factors. First, the reduced snow cover (SC) over the west TP in the late spring results in decreasing soil moisture and increasing diabatic heating in summer and favors northward extension of TP-SAH and the Afro-Asian jet. Second, the reduced TP SC increases surface temperature over the TP and northeast Asia, which decreases the temperature gradient between the TP and the Indian Ocean, between northeast Asia and East Asia. Decreased temperature gradients are beneficial to the southwest–northeast cyclonic rotation of the Afro-Asian jet and consequently strengthen the southerly wind and northward water vapor flux over the TP and surrounding regions. This study emphasizes important effects of the reducing TP SC on intensifying summer precipitation in Asian drylands.
A Decline of Observed Daily Peak Wind Gusts with Distinct Seasonality in Australia, 1941–2016
Authors: Azorin-Molina Cesar , McVicar Tim R. , Guijarro Jose A. , Trewin Blair , Frost Andrew J. , Zhang Gangfeng , Minola Lorenzo , Son Seok-Woo , Deng Kaiqiang , Chen Deliang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWind gusts represent one of the main natural hazards due to their increasing socioeconomic and environmental impacts on, for example, human safety, maritime–terrestrial–aviation activities, engineering and insurance applications, and energy production. However, the existing scientific studies focused on observed wind gusts are relatively few compared to those on mean wind speed. In Australia, previous studies found a slowdown of near-surface mean wind speed, termed “stilling,” but a lack of knowledge on the multidecadal variability and trends in the magnitude (wind speed maxima) and frequency (exceeding the 90th percentile) of wind gusts exists. A new homogenized daily peak wind gusts (DPWG) dataset containing 548 time series across Australia for 1941–2016 is analyzed to determine long-term trends in wind gusts. Here we show that both the magnitude and frequency of DPWG declined across much of the continent, with a distinct seasonality: negative trends in summer–spring–autumn and weak negative or nontrending (even positive) trends in winter. We demonstrate that ocean–atmosphere oscillations such as the Indian Ocean dipole and the southern annular mode partly modulate decadal-scale variations of DPWG. The long-term declining trend of DPWG is consistent with the “stilling” phenomenon, suggesting that global warming may have reduced Australian wind gusts.
Strong quasi-stationary wintertime atmospheric surface pressure anomalies drive a dipole pattern in the Subantarctic ModeWater formation
Authors: Cerovečki Ivana , Meijers Andrew J.S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe deepest wintertime (Jul-Sep) mixed layers associated with Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) formation develop in the Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean. In these two sectors the dominant interannual variability of both deep wintertime mixed layers and SAMW volume is a east-west dipole pattern in each basin. The variability of these dipoles are strongly correlated with the interannual variability of overlying winter quasi-stationary mean sea level pressure (MSLP) anomalies. Anomalously strong positive MSLP anomalies are found to result in the deepening of the wintertime mixed layers and an increase in the SAMW formation in the eastern parts of the dipoles in the Pacific and Indian sectors. These effects are due to enhanced cold southerly meridional winds, strengthened zonal winds and increased surface ocean heat loss. The opposite occurs in the western parts of the dipoles in these sectors. Conversely, strong negative MSLP anomalies result in shoaling (deepening) of the wintertime mixed layers and a decrease (increase) in SAMW formation in the eastern (western) regions. The MSLP variability of the Pacific and Indian basin anomalies are not always in phase, especially in years with a strong El Niño, resulting in different patterns of SAMW formation in the western vs. eastern parts of the Indian and Pacific sectors. Strong isopycnal depth and thickness anomalies develop in the SAMW density range in years with strong MSLP anomalies. When advected eastward, they act to precondition downstream SAMW formation in the subsequent winter.
A comparative study of two Mobile Mental Health Units in different catchment rural areas in Greece
Authors: Peritogiannis Vaios , Rousoudi Sofia , Vorvolakos Theofanis , Gioti Panagiota , Gogou Afroditi , Arre Argiri , Samakouri Maria 
Published: January 2021

Background: Mental healthcare service delivery in rural and remote areas in Greece is challenging due to socioeconomic and geographical reasons, and distant facilities. To address the needs of the underserved areas, the Greek state has launched a number of Mobile Mental Health Units (MMHUs). Aim: The objective of the present study was to explore the differences among two MMHUs, one being run by a university general hospital (MMHU UHA) and the other being run by a nongovernmental organization (MMHU I-T). Methods: The two MMHUs deliver services in rural areas of northeast and northwest Greece, respectively. Both MMHUs use the infrastructures of the primary healthcare system and have the potential for domiciliary visits. Results: Medical and nursing staff is much more in the MMHU UHA, whereas MMHU I-T has more psychologists, social workers and health visitors. Patients attended the MMHU I-T were significantly older than the patients attended the MMHU UHA (mean age 64.5 vs. 55.3 years) and the percentage of the elderly patients in treatment with the MMHU I-T (56.5%) is significantly higher than the corresponding percentage of the MMHU UHA (20%). The proportion of patients that received home-based care by the two MMHUs was almost identical. The percentage of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders that attended the MMHU UHA was significantly higher. Patients with affective disorders, anxiety disorders and organic brain disorders that attended the MMHU I-T were significantly more. Conclusions: Despite the similarities among the MMHUs in rural Greece, this study recorded some important differences. The differences in staffing may be accounted for by the availability of resources. The differences in the patients’ population may be explained by the fact that the MMHU UHA was designed from its beginning to treat patients with severe mental illnesses, mainly psychoses, and it accepts loss of referrals within the general hospital’s network of psychiatric services. The MMHU I-T is an independent, locally based service that may be better perceived as an expansion of the primary care system. The results of the study could inform service practice and mental health policy.
A gratitude intervention to improve clinician stress and professional satisfaction: A pilot and feasibility trial
Authors: Caragol Jennifer A , Johnson Alexandra R , Kwan Bethany M 
Published: January 2021

Objective Resilience training combined with medical system changes have the potential to reduce clinician burnout. We sought to estimate effects and assess feasibility of a brief gratitude intervention for primary care clinicians. Methods This was a pre-test/post-test single group intervention design with longitudinal follow-up. Volunteer participants were from either a primary care community engagement conference or worked at one of two clinical sites in a Western mid-size city. Eligible clinicians held an MD/DO or NP/PA degree and currently worked at least 0.50 FTE in a primary care clinical practice and were willing and able to participate in the initial group session and complete weekly journaling. The gratitude intervention consisted of an in-person 90-minute group psychoeducation and skills-building workshop, followed by an 8-week daily gratitude journal exercise. The primary outcomes were related to resilience, including coping self-efficacy, clinician autonomy, and self-care behaviors. The secondary outcomes were the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, as well as career satisfaction, and types and frequency of things for which clinicians were grateful in their daily work. Results The intervention was brief, feasible, and of interest to clinicians. Statistically significant improvements were seen in most outcome measures at both 4 and 8 weeks follow-up, with the exception of gratitude, which also increased, but not significantly so. Gratitude categories mentioned most frequently were support platforms at work (47%) and sense of competence (42%). Conclusions The intervention had positive effects on resilience and is a promising brief intervention for clinicians experiencing stress. Larger experimental designs are needed.
Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among men: A study based on Empowered Action Group states, India
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Sharma Himani , Patel Kamalesh Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Background: Despite various programmes initiated by the Government of India, the nutritional indicators are not encouraging, as several problems like undernutrition, malnutrition and anaemia – still persist in the country, especially in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. Aim: Because of the dearth of studies regarding anaemia among men in India, the present study aimed to determine its prevalence in this population in the EAG states and to analyse its geographical and socio-demographic determinants. Methods: The study utilized nationally representative, cross-sectional survey data from round 4 of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. Bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression were performed to assess the predictors of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Results: Around a quarter of the men in the EAG states suffered from anaemia. A similar high-prevalence pattern was observed across the EAG states. Wherein, Bihar and Jharkhand had the highest prevalence of anaemia while Uttarakhand showed the lowest. Age, place of residence, marital status and caste were positively associated with the likelihood of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Conclusions: Focusing on the EAG states, this study considered the severity of anaemia as a public health problem among men. Strategies to reduce the burden of anaemia among this population are needed. The government should formulate programmes targeting anaemia specifically, and improving the nutritional status among men in general in the EAG states.
Association between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and septic acute kidney injury in severe sepsis and septic shock: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Yu Guangwei , Cheng Kun , Liu Qing , Lin Xiaohong , Lin Fenghui , Wu Wenwei 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) adversely impacts renal function, and E/e′ is a significant predictor of adverse kidney events under different clinical conditions. However, no studies have evaluated the association between LVDD and septic acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study evaluated adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2019, who underwent echocardiography within 24 hours after admission to an intensive care unit. Results: A total of 495 adult patients were enrolled in the study. LVDD grades II and III were associated with severe (stage 3) AKI ( p < 0.001, p for trend < 0.001). E/e′ and e′ were risk factors for septic AKI (OR, 1.155; 95% CI, 1.088–1.226, p < 0.001; and OR, 7.218; 95% CI, 2.942–17.712, p < 0.001, respectively) in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of E/e′ and e′ was 0.728 (95% CI, 0.680–0.777, p < 0.001) and 0.715 (95% CI, 0.665–0.764, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: LVDD was associated with septic AKI, and E/e′ and e′ are useful predictors of septic AKI among patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Trial registration The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Protocol No. ChiCTR2000033083).