bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional quality of beverages available in vending machines in health and social care institutions: do we really want such offers?
Authors: Rozman Urška , Mis Nataša Fidler , Kupirovič Urška Pivk , Pravst Igor , Kocbek Primož , Strauss Maja , Turk Sonja Šostar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Vending machines represent one way of offering food, but they are overlooked in the efforts to improve people’s eating habits. The aim of our study was to analyse the variety and nutritional values of beverages offered in vending machines in social and health care institution in Slovenia.

Methods
The available beverages were quantitatively assessed using traffic light profiling and the model for nutrient profiling used by Food Standards Australia New Zealand. Vending machines in 188 institutions were surveyed, resulting in 3046 different beverages consisting of 162 unique product labels.

Results
Between 51 and 54% of beverages were categorised as unhealthy with regard to sugar content. Water accounted for only 13.7% of all beverages in vending machines. About 82% of beverages in vending machines were devoted to sugar-sweetened beverages, the majority (58.9%) presented in 500-ml bottles. The average sugar content and average calories in beverages sold in vending machines are slightly lower than in beverages sold in food stores.

Conclusions
We suggest that regulatory guidelines should be included in the tender conditions for vending machines in health and social care institutions, to ensure healthy food and beverage choices.
Consensus recommendations on dosing and administration of medical cannabis to treat chronic pain: results of a modified Delphi process
Authors: Bhaskar Arun , Bell Alan , Boivin Michael , Briques Wellington , Brown Matthew , Clarke Hance , Cyr Claude , Eisenberg Elon , de Oliveira Silva Ricardo Ferreira , Frohlich Eva , Georgius Peter , Hogg Malcolm , Horsted Tina Ingrid , MacCallum Caroline A. , Müller-Vahl Kirsten R. , O’Connell Colleen , Sealey Robert , Seibolt Marc , Sihota Aaron , Smith Brennan K. , Sulak Dustin , Vigano Antonio , Moulin Dwight E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Globally, medical cannabis legalization has increased in recent years and medical cannabis is commonly used to treat chronic pain. However, there are few randomized control trials studying medical cannabis indicating expert guidance on how to dose and administer medical cannabis safely and effectively is needed.

Methods
Using a multistage modified Delphi process, twenty global experts across nine countries developed consensus-based recommendations on how to dose and administer medical cannabis in patients with chronic pain.

Results
There was consensus that medical cannabis may be considered for patients experiencing neuropathic, inflammatory, nociplastic, and mixed pain. Three treatment protocols were developed. A routine protocol where the clinician initiates the patient on a CBD-predominant variety at a dose of 5 mg CBD twice daily and titrates the CBD-predominant dose by 10 mg every 2 to 3 days until the patient reaches their goals, or up to 40 mg/day. At a CBD-predominant dose of 40 mg/day, clinicians may consider adding THC at 2.5 mg and titrate by 2.5 mg every 2 to 7 days until a maximum daily dose of 40 mg/day of THC. A conservative protocol where the clinician initiates the patient on a CBD-predominant variety at a dose of 5 mg once daily and titrates the CBD-predominant dose by 10 mg every 2 to 3 days until the patient reaches their goals, or up to 40 mg/day. At a CBD-predominant dose of 40 mg/day, clinicians may consider adding THC at 1 mg/day and titrate by 1 mg every 7 days until a maximum daily dose of 40 mg/day of THC. A rapid protocol where the clinician initiates the patient on a balanced THC:CBD variety at 2.5–5 mg of each cannabinoid once or twice daily and titrates by 2.5–5 mg of each cannabinoid every 2 to 3 days until the patient reaches his/her goals or to a maximum THC dose of 40 mg/day.

Conclusions
In summary, using a modified Delphi process, expert consensus-based recommendations were developed on how to dose and administer medical cannabis for the treatment of patients with chronic pain.
Skin hyperpigmentation and its treatment with herbs: an alternative method
Authors: Rathee Prity , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Dinesh , Kumari Beena , Yadav Savita S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
With an increasing number of patients, those who are facing a lot of skin-related complaints, often referred to as skin of pigmentation patients, are on the rise. Among all the most common complaints in patients with skin of color is hyperpigmentation. So, there is need of herbal formulation for treatment of hyperpigmentation.

Main body
This review article addresses the different types of hyperpigmentation, causes, and its treatment with herbs for the management of the skin hyperpigmentation. As uneven pigmentation of skin or hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition, which occurs when the skin produces more melanin. This can make spots or patches of skin appear darker than surrounding areas. Some forms of hyperpigmentation with post-inflammatory, melasma, and sun spots are more likely to affect areas of face, arms, and legs due to sun exposure and injury. Although the availability of multiple treatments for the condition which leads to some adverse effects, hyperpigmentation continues to present skin care management challenges for dermatologists.

Conclusion
Some plants and phytoconstituents, e.g., Azadirachta indica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Panax ginseng and genistein, ellagic acids, quercetin, are very useful in herbal cosmetic as anti-hyperpigmentry agents in cosmetic industries. Some of flavonoids and triterpenoids present in plants also show their effect as antioxidant and skin whitening agents. It is expected that this review will compile and improve the existing knowledge on the potential utilization of herbs for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation.
Hessian-based reflection waveform inversion: Theory and applications to synthetic and field data
Authors: Xu Wencai , Wang Tengfei , Cheng Jiubing , Geng Jianhua 
Published: July 2021

Wave-equation reflection waveform inversion (RWI) is a promising method to reconstruct the background velocity model with reflection data. But it is difficult to precondition this highly nonlinear inverse problem for efficient convergence and reliable model updating. In the context of full-waveform inversion (FWI), the second-order derivative of the objective function with respect to the model parameters (i.e., the Hessian operator) can be used with the second-order optimization to overcome similar difficulties. To our knowledge, however, there are few such studies for RWI. This motivates us to derive and investigate the Hessian operator using the Born approximation in the context of RWI. For the same experimental setup with a toy model, we observe that the Hessian matrix of RWI exhibits a more compact structure than its counterpart in the context of FWI because they are constructed with the sensitivity kernels of very different spatial distribution features. Accordingly, we have developed a truncated Gauss-Newton RWI method consisting of two nested loops: An outer loop updates the background model in the manner of nonlinear waveform inversion, and an inner loop aims to iteratively estimate the background model update in a matrix-free manner by solving the Gauss-Newton equation. The workflow consists of alternating estimation of the perturbation and the background velocity model components, of which the former is done with a linear least-squares reverse time migration using the conjugate-gradient method. A synthetic example on the overthrust model and a field data example demonstrate that the Hessian-based RWI can significantly improve the estimation of intermediate-wavenumber components and promote velocity model building and seismic imaging with precritical reflection data.
Identification of Surgically Curable Primary Aldosteronism by Imaging in a Large, Multiethnic International Study
Authors: Rossi Gian Paolo , Crimì Filippo , Rossitto Giacomo , Amar Laurence , Azizi Michel , Riester Anna , Reincke Martin , Degenhart Christoph , Widimsky Jiri , Naruse Mitsuhide , Deinum Jaap , Schultze Kool Leo , Kocjan Tomaz , Negro Aurelio , Rossi Ermanno , Kline Gregory , Tanabe Akiyo , Satoh Fumitoshi , Christian Rump Lars , Vonend Oliver , Willenberg Holger S , Fuller Peter J , Yang Jun , Chee Nicholas Yong Nian , Magill Steven B , Shafigullina Zulfiya , Quinkler Marcus , Oliveras Anna , Cent Wu Vin , Kratka Zuzana , Barbiero Giulio , Seccia Teresa Maria , Battistel Michele 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
Adrenal gland imaging is recommended by the current guidelines for the workup of primary aldosteronism (PA). However, its diagnostic performance has not been established in large, multiethnic cohorts of patients who undergo adrenal vein sampling (AVS) and adrenalectomy.

Objective
This work aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cross-sectional adrenal imaging.

Methods
This international multicenter study took place in tertiary referral centers. A total of 1625 PA patients seeking surgical cure were enrolled in an international study involving 19 centers in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Of these, 1311 (81%) had imaging data available and 369 (23%), who received a final diagnosis of surgically cured unilateral PA, were examined. Patients underwent AVS and imaging by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. The accuracy of detection of unilateral PA at imaging was estimated by the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve using cure (biochemical and/or full clinical success) as the reference at follow-up after unilateral adrenalectomy.

Results
In the cohort of 1311 patients with imaging data available, 34% and 7% of cases showed no detectable or bilateral nodules, respectively. Imaging did not detect the culprit adrenal in 28% of the surgically cured unilateral PA patients. Moreover, the clinical outcome did not differ significantly between the imaging-positive and imaging-negative patients.

Conclusion
Cross-sectional imaging did not identify a lateralized cause of disease in around 40% of PA patients and failed to identify the culprit adrenal in more than one-fourth of patients with unilateral PA.
24-Hydroxylase Deficiency Due toCYP24A1Sequence Variants: Comparison With Other Vitamin D−mediated Hypercalcemia Disorders
Authors: Azer Sarah M , Vaughan Lisa E , Tebben Peter J , Sas David J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContextCYP24A1 encodes 24-hydroxylase, which converts 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 to inactive metabolites. Loss-of-function variants in CYP24A1 are associated with 24-hydroxylase deficiency (24HD), characterized by hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis. We retrospectively reviewed laboratory, imaging, and clinical characteristics of patients with suspected or confirmed 24HD and patients with other vitamin D−mediated hypercalcemia disorders: sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and exogenous vitamin D toxicity (EVT).ObjectiveTo identify features that differentiate 24HD from other vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia disorders.MethodsPatients seen at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) from January 1, 2008, to 31 December, 2016, with the following criteria were retrospectively identified: serum calcium ≥9.6 mg/dL, parathyroid hormone &lt;30 pg/mL, and 1,25(OH)2D3 &gt;40 pg/mL. Patients were considered to have 24HD if they had (1) confirmed CYP24A1 gene variant or (2) 25(OH)D3:24,25(OH)2D ratio ≥50. Patients with sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and EVT were also identified. Groups were compared using the Fisher exact test (categorical variables) or the Wilcoxon rank sum test (continuous variables).ResultsWe identified 9 patients with 24HD and 28 with other vitamin D−mediated disorders. Patients with 24HD were younger at symptom onset (median 14 vs 63 years; P = .001) and had positive family history (88.9% vs 20.8%; P &lt; .001), nephrocalcinosis (88.9% vs 6.3%; P &lt; .001), lower lumbar spine Z-scores (median −0.50 vs 1.20; P = .01), higher peak serum phosphorus (% of peak reference range, median 107 vs 84; P = .01), and higher urinary calcium:creatinine ratios (median 0.24 vs 0.17; P = .047).ConclusionPatients with 24HD had clinical and laboratory findings that differed from other vitamin D−mediated hypercalcemia disorders. 24HD should be suspected in patients with hypercalcemia who present at younger age, have positive family history, and have nephrocalcinosis.
Activation of innate immunity during development induces unresolved dysbiotic inflammatory gut and shortens lifespan
Authors: Yamashita Kyoko , Oi Ayano , Kosakamoto Hina , Yamauchi Toshitaka , Kadoguchi Hibiki , Kuraishi Takayuki , Miura Masayuki , Obata Fumiaki 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
An early-life inflammatory response is associated with risks of age-related pathologies. How transient immune signalling activity during animal development influences life-long fitness is not well understood. Using Drosophila as a model, we find that activation of innate immune pathway Immune deficiency (Imd) signalling in the developing larvae increases adult starvation resistance, decreases food intake and shortens organismal lifespan. Interestingly, lifespan is shortened by Imd activation in the larval gut and fat body, whereas starvation resistance and food intake are altered by that in neurons. The adult flies that developed with Imd activation show sustained Imd activity in the gut, despite complete tissue renewal during metamorphosis. The larval Imd activation increases an immunostimulative bacterial species, Gluconobacter sp., in the gut microbiome, and this dysbiosis is persistent to adulthood. Removal of gut microbiota by antibiotics in the adult fly mitigates intestinal immune activation and rescues the shortened lifespan. This study demonstrates that early-life immune activation triggers long-term physiological changes, highlighted as an irreversible alteration in gut microbiota, prolonged inflammatory intestine and concomitant shortening of the organismal lifespan.
Wideband tunable optoelectronic oscillator based on stimulated Brillouin scattering and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Qu Shaolin , Zhou Weinan , Zhou Yu , Dong Wei 
Published: July 2021

We propose a novel optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The SBS and MZI form a microwave photonic filter (MPF), which completes the frequency selection of the OEO. The width of the MPF passband can be changed by adjusting the DC voltage of the MZI. When the gap between the passbands is aligned with the side mode, the side mode can be suppressed; in this way, a single-mode optoelectronic oscillator is achieved. Compared with the previous structure, the proposed structure is more stable and easier to integrate. A stable frequency signal at 9.4 GHz is obtained with a phase noise of

−

84.05

d
B
c

/

H
z

at 10 kHz, the side-mode-suppression ratio is 42 dB, and the frequency drift is below 50 kHz within 420 s. By adjusting the wavelength of the tunable laser source, a 280 MHz tuning range from 9.25 to 9.53 GHz is obtained. If an independent pump is introduced, a large tuning range is achieved from 9.4 to 24.9 GHz.
Highly efficient iteration algorithm for a linear frequency-sweep distributed feedback laser in frequency-modulated continuous wave lidar applications
Authors: Cao Xianyi , Wu Kan , Li Chao , Zhang Guangjin , Chen Jianping 
Published: July 2021

We present an iteration algorithm for generating the linear frequency sweep of a distributed feedback laser at 1550 nm both theoretically and experimentally. This iteration algorithm is convergent and can reach a desired frequency-sweep linearity with only a few iterations. Experimentally, the residual nonlinearity

1

-

r
2

reaches

5.19

×

1

0

−
8

, and the relative frequency error is 0.005% with only six iterations, which has already been comparable to the linearity of the linear chirp signal generated by the external modulation method.
A Curious Case of a Posterior Mediastinal Mass
Authors: Deyl Ivana , Mohy-Ud-Din Nabeeha , Cheriyan Aswathy , Monga Dulabh , Kochhar Gursimran S. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal stromal tumors that are characteristically CD117 positive. Distinction from other spindle cell tumors such as leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas is based on clinical, histological, and molecular features. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration has become a highly used means of preoperative identification of GIST, especially if immunohistochemical staining for CD117 can be performed. We present a case of a posterior mediastinal mass diagnosed as GIST after being found to be CD117 positive, later found to be a metastatic leiomyosarcoma.
Atendimento pedagógico escolar no setor de hemodiálise infantil
Authors: Esposito Vivian Vanzella , Apolinário Ilídia Rita do Couto , Tinós Lucia Maria Santos 
Published: July 2021

Este projeto de extensão é realizado no setor ambulatorial de hemodiálise infantil de um hospital de grande porte, no interior de São Paulo, desde 2013. Este relato busca compartilhar as experiências vivenciadas durante o segundo semestre de 2019 e o primeiro de 2020. O projeto se constitui de encontros semanais com os alunos-pacientes no setor ambulatorial hemodialítico, por alunas de graduação do curso de Pedagogia, com o objetivo de ofertar atendimento pedagógico-escolar às crianças portadoras de Doença Renal Crônica, realizando acompanhamento do processo de ensino- aprendizagem e o resgate da escolarização desses alunos-pacientes. Para tal, faz-se primordial o estudo e compreensão das necessidades e especificidades de cada aluno-paciente assistido, buscando embasamento teórico e metodológico nas supervisões. O projeto têm propiciado às graduandas experiências formativa no âmbito da Pedagogia Hospitalar, como a compreensão do atendimento ambulatorial como sendo uma possibilidade de atendimento pedagógico. Ressalta-se que no período vivido, pela pandemia do Coronavírus, os desafios levaram à ressignificação dos objetivos do projeto para que houvesse a sua continuidade com uso de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, assim, garantindo a continuidade dos atendimentos e o reconhecimento do direito à educação desses alunos-pacientes.
Sacrificial Worship (Qurban) Motivation Determinant Factors of Tuatunu Population in Pangkalpinang City
Authors: Cipta Hendra 
Published: July 2021

This article intends to find an answer to the high level of community participation in Tuatunu Urban Village in the City of Pangkalpinang, Bangka Belitung Islands Province in the sacrificial worship (qurban) motivation during the Eid al-Adha feast day. Tuatunu Urban Village only has a population of approximately 9,000 inhabitants and the average livelihood of its inhabitants is as pepper, rubber, and pineapple farmer. But in Eid al-Adha 2019, the level of participation of the people who follow the sacrificial worship from the five mosques in this area is highest when compared to the seven sub-districts in the Municipality of Pangkalpinang. Tuatunu Urban Village sacrifices approximately 32 cows at Eid al-Adha 2019, where seven people bear one cow. This urban village celebrates Eid al-Adha like Eid al-Fitr where residents visit each other's neighbors. This article is the result of quantitative research with the dependent variable is a sacrificial worship motivation and the independent variables are religiosity, generosity, avoid harm, and social status. This study found that the variables that influence the motivation to sacrificial worship the people of Tuatunu Urban Village are the factors of religiosity, social status, and avoid harm while the elements of generosity do not significantly influence the motivation to sacrifice.
Theoretical Concepts of Digital Regulation of Extreme Vibrations in Consumer Demand on the Market of Services
Authors: SIMCHENKO Nataliia Al. , BURKALTSEVA Diana , TSOHLA Svetlana , OSMANOVA Elnara , YANOVSKAYA Anna , POLSKAYA Svetlana 
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has made significant adjustments to the process of economic reproduction around the world, affecting all sectors of the national economy. The greatest losses were incurred by the entrepreneurial networks of the service sector, and, in particular, the tourist one. The paper considers the trends in the functioning of the tourism industry of the Republic of Crimea, analyzes the measures taken to improve the industry, and also considers the development prospects.
The concept of digital development of the Crimean territories based on the implementation of the medical and recreational vector for the development of the region has been developed. The scientific significance of the result is determined by the conceptual support for leveling extreme fluctuations in demand in the market for recreational services.
PENERAPAN PROGRAM LINIER MENGGUNAKAN METODE DUAL SIMPLEKS DAN METODE QUICK SIMPLEKS UNTUK MEMINIMUMKAN BIAYA (STUDI KASUS: KELOMPOK WANITA TANI (KWT) SENTOSA SANTUL)
Authors: Safitri Elfira - , Basriati Sri , Andiani Elvina 
Published: July 2021

The Sentosa Santul Women Farmers Group (KWT) is a group of women farmers in Dusun Santul, Kampar Utara District an is engaged in the field of food crops is chili. The Sentosa Santul Women Farmers group (KWT) uses 4 types of fertilizers for chili plant fertilization, namely hydro complex fertilizer, phonska, NPK Zamrud and goat manure.The KWT wants the minimum fertilizer cost but the nutrients in the plants are met. The method used in this research is the dual simplex method and the quick simplex method. The purpose of this study is to determine the minimum costs that must be incurred by the Womens Farmer Group (KWT) for fertilization using the dual simplex method and the quick simplex method to obtain an optimum and feasible solution. For the dual simplex method, the optimum and feasible solution were obtained using the Gauss Jordanelimination. While the quick simplex method, the solution is illustrated using a matrix to reduce the number of iterations needed to achieve the optimal solution. Based on the research result, it is found that the quick simplex method is more efficient than the dual simplex method. This can be seen from the number of iterations carried out. Dual simplex method iteration there are two iterations and quick simplex one iteration. The dual simplex method and the quick simplex method produce the same value.
The Stigma of COVID-19 on the Workers of PT. Pertamina EP Asset 5 Sangatta Field
Authors: Permana Lies , Rahmatullah Kukuh , Hasmawati Hasmawati , Wiranto Agus 
Published: July 2021

Background: COVID-19 in Indonesia spreads very quickly, including in-company areas or workplaces. Workplace clusters are the most common cluster at East Kalimantan. As a region with many workplaces, both offices and industries, East Kalimantan is bound to have a large number of office clusters. Moreover, most of the workers in East Kalimantan are migrants from outside the region, which causes the spread of the coronavirus to the workplace even more widely. This also happened to PT. Pertamina EP Asset 5 Sangatta Field, where some of the workers are workers from outside the East Kutai area. With the presence of several workers who have tested positive for COVID-19, it is a frightening thing for others, especially other workers. Negative stigma may occur among workers in this company.Method: The research design used in this study is cross-sectional since this study wants to know the knowledge and attitudes towards the stigma of COVID-19, which is measured at the same time. This research was conducted from November - December 2020. The population in this study were all workers who worked at PT Pertamina EP Sangatta Field, in total of 238 people.Results: It shows that attitude relates to stigma COVID-19 among workers (P-Value = <0.001), although knowledge has nothing to do with stigma. The importance of accurate information is expected to reduce stigma in society. Discrimination and fear regarding COVID-19 must be minimized in order to gain acceptance by the community.