bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest management affects seasonal source-sink dynamics in a territorial, group-living bird
Authors: Layton-Matthews Kate , Griesser Michael , Coste Christophe F. D. , Ozgul Arpat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe persistence of wildlife populations is under threat as a consequence of human activities, which are degrading natural ecosystems. Commercial forestry is the greatest threat to biodiversity in boreal forests. Forestry practices have degraded most available habitat, threatening the persistence of natural populations. Understanding population responses is, therefore, critical for their conservation. Population viability analyses are effective tools to predict population persistence under forestry management. However, quantifying the mechanisms driving population responses is complex as population dynamics vary temporally and spatially. Metapopulation dynamics are governed by local dynamics and spatial factors, potentially mediating the impacts of forestry e.g., through dispersal. Here, we performed a seasonal, spatially explicit population viability analysis, using long-term data from a group-living territorial bird (Siberian jay, Perisoreus infaustus). We quantified the effects of forest management on metapopulation dynamics, via forest type-specific demography and spatially explicit dispersal, and how forestry impacted the stability of metapopulation dynamics. Forestry reduced metapopulation growth and stability, through negative effects on reproduction and survival. Territories in higher quality natural forest contributed more to metapopulation dynamics than managed forests, largely through demographic processes rather than dispersal. Metapopulation dynamics in managed forest were also less resilient to disturbances and consequently, may be more vulnerable to environmental change. Seasonal differences in source-sink dynamics observed in managed forest, but not natural forests, were caused by associated seasonal differences in dispersal. As shown here, capturing seasonal source-sink dynamics allows us to predict population persistence under human disturbance and to provide targeted conservation recommendations.
How rainfall influences tephra fall loading — an experimental approach
Authors: Williams George T. , Jenkins Susanna F. , Lee Daniel W. J. , Wee Shi Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe load a tephra fall deposit applies to an underlying surface is a key factor controlling its potential to damage a wide range of assets including buildings, trees, crops and powerlines. Though it has long been recognised that loading can increase when deposits absorb rainfall, few efforts have been made to quantify likely load increases. This study builds on previous theoretical work, using an experimental approach to quantify change in load as a function of grainsize distribution, rainfall intensity and duration. A total of 20 laboratory experiments were carried out for ~ 10-cm thick, dry tephra deposits of varying grainsize and grading, taken to represent different eruptive scenarios (e.g. stable, waxing or waning plume). Tephra was deposited onto a 15° impermeable slope (representing a low pitch roof) and exposed to simulated heavy rainfalls of 35 and 70 mm h−1 for durations of up to 2 h. Across all experiments, the maximum load increases ranged from 18 to 30%. Larger increases occurred in fine-grained to medium-grained deposits or in inversely graded deposits, as these retained water more efficiently. The lowest increases occurred in normally graded deposits as rain was unable to infiltrate to the deposit’s base. In deposits composed entirely of coarse tephra, high drainage rates meant the amount of water absorbed was controlled by the deposit’s capillary porosity, rather than its total porosity, resulting in load increases that were smaller than expected. These results suggest that, for low pitch roofs, the maximum deposit load increase due to rainfall is around 30%, significantly lower than the oft-referenced 100%. To complement our experimental results, field measurements of tephra thickness should be supplemented with tephra loading measurements, wherever possible, especially when measurements are made at or near the site of observed damage.
Gamma-gliadin specific celiac disease antibodies recognize p31-43 and p57-68 alpha gliadin peptides in deamidation related manner as a result of cross-reaction
Authors: Diós Ádám , Elek Rita , Szabó Ildikó , Horváth Szilvia , Gyimesi Judit , Király Róbert , Werkstetter Katharina , Koletzko Sibylle , Fésüs László , Korponay-Szabó Ilma R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCeliac disease (CeD) is a T-cell-dependent enteropathy with autoimmune features where tissue transglutaminase (TG2)-mediated posttranslational modification of gliadin peptides has a decisive role in the pathomechanism. The humoral immune response is reported to target mainly TG2-deamidated γ-gliadin peptides. However, α-gliadin peptides, like p57-68, playing a crucial role in the T-cell response, and p31-43, a major trigger of innate responses, also contain B-cell gliadin epitopes and γ-gliadin like motifs. We aimed to identify if there are anti-gliadin-specific antibodies in CeD patients targeting the p31-43 and p57-68 peptides and to examine whether deamidation of these peptides could increase their antigenicity. We explored TG2-mediated deamidation of the p31-43 and p57-68 peptides, and investigated serum antibody reactivity toward the native and deamidated α and γ-gliadin peptides in children with confirmed CeD and in prospectively followed infants at increased risk for developing CeD. We affinity-purified antibody populations utilizing different single peptide gliadin antigens and tested their binding preferences for cross-reactivity in real-time interaction assays based on bio-layer interferometry. Our results demonstrate that there is serum reactivity toward p31-43 and p57-68 peptides, which is due to cross-reactive γ-gliadin specific antibodies. These γ-gliadin specific antibodies represent the first appearing antibody population in infancy and they dominate the serum reactivity of CeD patients even later on and without preference for deamidation. However, for the homologous epitope sequences in α-gliadins shorter than the core QPEQPFP heptapeptide, deamidation facilitates antibody recognition. These findings reveal the presence of cross-reactive antibodies in CeD patients recognizing the disease-relevant α-gliadins.
Oligomictic alluvial aggregates: petro-mineralogical and geochemical evaluation of sandy gravel formations on the middle course of the Danube (Hungary)
Authors: Szilágyi V. , Gméling K. , Józsa S. , Harsányi I. , Szentmiklósi L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper evaluates the applicability of Hungarian oligomictic alluvial gravel formations at two sections of the Danube river for construction use. The classification of these aggregates is more challenging than monomictic rock aggregates due to their heterogeneous nature. Multi-source clastic sediments cannot be characterized by single values of physical properties but only a distribution, and they are generally less predictable than monomictic materials. The possible applications in concrete manufacturing were evaluated by complex macro-microscopic petrographic, heavy mineral and nuclear analytical geochemical investigations. The two regions falling on the middle course of the Danube have similar sandy gravel formations, applicable as aggregates for conventional and unconventional concrete building purposes or road construction. Their utilization in open-air constructions might be problematic due to their probable alkali-silica reactivity.
Distribution of serum adiponectin isoforms in pediatric patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Tamai Tetsuro , Kamijo Kaori , Abe Yoshifusa , Hibino Satoshi , Sakurai Shunsuke , Watanabe Shuichiro , Watanabe Yoshitaka , Nimura Satomi , Shiratori Atsutoshi , Takayanagi Takaaki , Watanabe Tsuneki , Nakano Yuya , Ikeda Hirokazu , Dobashi Kazushige , Nakano Yasuko , Mizuno Katsumi , Itabashi Kazuo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Serum adiponectin circulates in three multimeric isoforms: high-molecular-weight (HMW), middle-molecular-weight (MMW), and low-molecular-weight (LMW) isoforms. Potential change in the circulating adiponectin levels in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) remain unknown. This study aimed to assess the levels of total adiponectin and the distribution of its isoforms in pediatric patients with NS.

Methods
We sequentially measured total adiponectin and each adiponectin isoform levels at the onset of NS, initial remission, and during the remission period of the disease in 31 NS patients. We also calculated the ratios of HMW (%HMW), MMW (%MMW), and LMW (%LMW) to total adiponectin incuding 51 control subjects.

Results
The median of total serum adiponectin levels in patients were 36.7, 36.7, and 20.2 μg/mL at the onset, at initial remission, and during the remission period of NS, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those in control subjects. The median values of %HMW, %MMW, and %LMW values were 56.9/27.0/14.1 at the onset, 62.0/21.8/13.4 at the initial remission, and 58.1/21.7/17.5 at during the remission period of NS, respectively. Compared with control subjects, %HMW at initial remission and %MMW at the onset were high, and the %LMW values at the onset and at initial remission were low.

Conclusions
In patients with NS, total serum adiponectin levels increase at the onset of the disease, and the ratio of adiponectin isoforms changes during the course of the disease. Further studies are needed to delineate the mechanisms between proteinuria and adiponectin isoforms change.
Phenotypic and marker-assisted characterization of new apple genotypes with high resistance to fire blight
Authors: Sobiczewski Piotr , Keller-Przybyłkowicz Sylwia , Lewandowski Mariusz , Mikiciński Artur , Maciorowski Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the period 2016–2018 the susceptibility to fire blight of seven apple genotypes, including four recently bred was assessed. The studies showed that two of the genotypes (J-2003-05 and ‘Early Szampion’) are highly resistant to the disease. The indicator of assessment was evaluated by the size of necrotized part of terminal shoots after their inoculation with strain Ea659 of Erwinia amylovora. The analysis of disease incidence on individual shoots of both genotypes showed no symptoms on 92% and 100% of shoots inoculated in 2016, 83.8 and 77.0% of shoots in 2017, and 87.8 and 77.3% of shoots inoculated in 2018, respectively. Molecular tests based on 16 genetic markers revealed that genotype J-2003-05 possesses 10 resistance alleles (covering the region of interest from LG 3, 5, 7, 10 and 12). This genotype is derived from the cross between ‘Melfree’ and ‘Sawa’ and produces very large dark-red tasty fruits. Genotype ‘Early Szampion’ representing the selected hybrid from the cross of ‘Gold Milenium’ and ‘Šampion’, producing large, bright red, attractive fruits, was found to possess 10 resistance alleles (covering the region of interest from LG 3, 7, 10 and 12), Both genotypes have the prospect of being used in breeding programs and commercial planting.
Effect of Prior Oxidation on the Reduction Behavior of Magnetite-Based Iron Ore During Hydrogen-Induced Fluidized Bed Reduction
Authors: Zheng Heng , Spreitzer Daniel , Wolfinger Thomas , Schenk Johannes , Xu Runsheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Magnetite-based iron ore usually shows a high sticking tendency and a poor reducibility in the fluidized bed because of its dense structure. To enhance the fluidization and reduction behaviors of magnetite-based iron ore during hydrogen-induced fluidized bed reduction, the effect of a prior oxidation treatment is investigated. The results show that the untreated magnetite-based iron ore cannot be fluidized successfully in the tested temperature range between 600 °C and 800 °C. At 600 °C reduction temperature, the de-fluidization can be avoided by a prior oxidation treatment. At higher reduction temperatures, the fluidization behavior can be further improved by an addition of 0.5 wt pct MgO. Magnesiowüstite (Fe
x
Mg1−x
O) is formed, which decreases the contact chance of the sticky surface between particles. Regarding to the reduction rate, a prior partial oxidation is more beneficial compared to deep oxidation. The kinetic analysis shows that MgO could promote the initial reaction. The reaction rate limiting step is no longer diffusion but chemical reaction for prior partly oxidized samples. A prior partial oxidation combined with an addition of MgO is considered to be a promising pretreatment method for a successful processing of magnetite-based iron ore.
Simultaneously Enhanced Activity and Selectivity for C(sp3)–H Bond Oxidation Under Visible Light by Nitrogen Doping
Authors: Hou Tingting , Gao Zhuyan , Zhang Jian , Luo Nengchao , Wang Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSelective oxidation of saturated C(sp3)–H bonds in hydrocarbon to target chemicals under mild conditions remains a significant but challenging task because of the chemical inertness and high dissociation energy of C(sp3)–H bonds. Semiconductor photocatalysis can induce the generation of holes and oxidative radicals, offering an alternative way toward selective oxidation of hydrocarbons under ambient conditions. Herein, we constructed N-doped TiO2nanotubes (N-TNTs) that exhibited remarkable activity and selectivity for toluene oxidation under visible light, delivering the conversion of toluene and selectivity of benzaldehyde of 32% and > 99%, respectively. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that the incorporation of nitrogen induced the generation of N-doping level above the O 2pvalance band, directly contributing to the visible-light response of TiO2. Furthermore, hydroxyl radicals generated by photogenerated holes at the orbit of O 2pwere found to be unselective for the oxidation of toluene, affording both benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. The incorporation of nitrogen was able to inhibit the generation of hydroxyl radicals, terminating the formation of benzoic acid.
Substrate mediated dissolution of redox active nanoparticles; electron transfer over long distances
Authors: Xie Ruo-Chen , Batchelor-McAuley Christopher , Yang Minjun , Compton Richard G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReflective dark field microscopy is used to observe the decrease in the light scattered from Ag nanoparticles immobilised on differing solid substrates. The nanoparticles are exposed to solutions containing halide ions, both at open circuit and under potentiostatic control, leading to the loss of the nanomaterial. By coupling optical and electrochemical techniques the physical origin of this transformation is demonstrated to be the electrochemical dissolution of the metal nanoparticles driven by electron transfer to ultra-trace dissolved oxygen. The dissolution kinetics of the surface-supported metal nanoparticles is compared on four substrate materials (i.e., glass, indium titanium oxide, glassy carbon and platinum) with different electrical conductivity. The three conductive substrates catalyse the redox-driven dissolution of Ag nanoparticles with the electrons transferred from the nanoparticles, via the macroscopic electrode to the dioxygen electron acceptor.
Multi-isotopic study of diet and mobility in the northeastern Nile Delta
Authors: Stantis Chris , Kharobi Arwa , Maaranen Nina , Macpherson Colin , Bietak Manfred , Prell Silvia , Schutkowski Holger 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe origin of the Hyksos dynasty (c. 1638–1530 BCE) is thought to be rooted in the Near East given the architectural features and burial customs present at the site of Tell el-Dabca, identified as the capital of Hyksos rule in the Eastern Delta of Egypt. We expand previous 87Sr/86Sr research on the site’s cemetery assemblage using a multi-isotopic methodology: oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13Ccarb) stable isotopes from the carbonate portion of tooth enamel (n = 75), along with collagen (δ13Ccoll, δ15N) analysis of dentine and bone (n = 31). Pairing δ18O with previous 87Sr/86Sr data identifies 60% of the cohort as non-locals (45/75). Although there were a greater proportion of non-local females (24/30, 80%) compared to males (10/20, 50%), there were no significant differences between the sexes in δ13Ccarb or δ18Ocarb values. There were no spatial patterns regarding the three cemetery sites, nor any observable patterns regarding where non-locals were interred in the largest excavated cemetery, Area A/II. Both first-generation immigrants and individuals from the northeastern Nile Delta were buried following elite Asiatic burial customs, suggesting continuation of foreign burial culture. All collagen showed poor preservation; δ13Ccoll and δ15N analysis were not possible. δ13Ccarb showed no significant difference between locals and non-local diet, although non-locals at Tell el-Dabca did eat a broader variety of foods as a group, suggested by a wider δ13Ccarb range (− 13.5 to − 9.6‰ in non-locals compared to locals’ − 12.1 to − 10.3‰). If there is a difference in food culture between immigrants and native Egyptians, it was not observable using isotopic analyses.
Silencing long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 00987 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by sponging miR-376a-5p to regulate FNBP1 expression
Authors: Cao Riliang , Shao Jianli , Zhang Wencai , Lin Yongxin , Huang Zerong , Li Zhizhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh expression of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 987 (LINC00987) is strongly associated with low overall survival of osteosarcoma; however, its role in osteosarcoma remains unclear. This study explored the biological function and underlying mechanism of LINC00987 in osteosarcoma. In this study, LINC00987 expression in osteosarcoma cells was analyzed using Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and qRT-PCR. The proliferation and migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cells were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the LINC00987-bound miRNAs and miR-376a-5p-bound mRNAs. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to assess the interaction between miR-376a-5p, LINC00987, and forming-binding protein 1 (FNBP1). FNBP1 expression was measured by western blotting. LINC00987 was found to be upregulated in osteosarcoma cells. LINC00987 silencing suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, miR-376a-5p expression was downregulated in osteosarcoma cells. miR-376a-5p knockdown reversed the effect of LINC00987 silencing on the biological function of osteosarcoma cell. miR-376a-5p was found to target LINC00987 and FNBP1. FNBP1protein level was increased in osteosarcoma cells; however, it was inhibited by silencing LINC00987 and enhanced by silencing miR-376a-5p. In conclusions, this study suggests LINC00987 silencing inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by sponging miR-376a-5p to regulate FNBP1 expression. LINC00987 as a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Effect of bacterial inoculation on co-composting of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) waste and cattle manure
Authors: Greff Babett , Szigeti Jenő , Varga Ágnes , Lakatos Erika , Sáhó András , Varga László 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe primary purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Cellulomonas flavigena and Streptomyces viridosporus, as a bacterial inoculant, on the compostability of post-extraction lavender waste. The major physicochemical, microbiological, and biological properties of the composting materials were monitored for 161 days. The technology developed was shown to improve the compostability of recalcitrant herbal residues. The use of lavender waste beneficially affected the composting process by extending the thermophilic phase, accelerating the degradation of organic matter, and elevating the viable counts of useful microorganisms; however, adverse effects were also observed, including an increased carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (19.05) and a decreased germination index (93.4%). Bacterial inoculation was found to preserve the nitrogen content (2.50%) and improve the efficiency of biodegradation. The Salmonella- and Escherichia coli-free final composting products were mature, stable, and ready for soil application. To the authors’ knowledge, no previous research has investigated the compostability of lavender waste. Likewise, this is the first study that has used strains of C. flavigena and S. viridosporus in combination to facilitate a composting process.
Distributed dynamic fibre-optic strain monitoring of the behaviour of a skewed masonry arch railway bridge
Authors: Cocking Sam , Alexakis Haris , DeJong Matthew 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSkewed masonry arch railway bridges are common, yet their structural behaviour under typical working loads, along with gradual changes in behaviour due to degradation, can be difficult to determine. This paper aims to address this problem through detailed monitoring of a damaged, skewed masonry arch railway bridge in the UK, which was recently repaired. A comprehensive Structural Health Monitoring system was installed, including an array of fibre-optic Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors to provide distributed sensing data across a large portion of the bridge. This FBG monitoring data is used, in this paper, to investigate the typical dynamic structural response of the skewed bridge in detail, and to quantify the sensitivity of this response to a range of variables. It is observed that the dynamic bridge response is sensitive to the time of day, which is a proxy for passenger loading, to the train speed, and to temperature. It is also observed that the sensitivity of the response to these variables can be local, in that the response can differ throughout the bridge and be affected by existing local damage. Identifying these trends is important to distinguish additional damage from other effects. The results are also used to evaluate some typical assumptions regarding bridge behaviour, which may be of interest to asset engineers working with skewed masonry arch bridges.