bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debt Resistance and Satisfaction? Notes from Catherine of Siena toward a Theology of Redemption against Neoliberal Capitalism
Authors: Sutherland Andrew W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdding to recent concerns about resonances between debt in Christian soteriologies and in capitalism, Hollis Phelps has argued that Anselm’s satisfaction theory provides subjective reinforcement for neoliberalism’s biopolitical use of debt, and thus calls for an abandonment of the idea that humans must be redeemed from debt to God. Without advocating mere retrieval of satisfaction theory, I submit that such a concept of debt can have the opposite effect by analyzing how it plays out in Catherine of Siena’s mystical theology and the way she articulates satisfaction in her writings. Catherine’s doctrine of creation casts humanity’s unremittable debt as an obligation to love God, self, and neighbor that is divinely designed to benefit all. This concept of debt determines what satisfaction signifies for Catherine, fostering an “indebted subjectivity” incompatible with that of neoliberalism. Her theology thereby suggests a productive way to leverage the language of a prominent Western atonement theory against the neoliberal concepts of debt that discipline Western society—namely, by rooting debt in a doctrine of creation that emphasizes relationships of mutuality and interdependence that benefit all.
Trichosporon asahii superinfections in critically ill COVID‐19 patients overexposed to antimicrobials and corticosteroids
Authors: Nobrega de Almeida João , Moreno Lis , Francisco Elaine Cristina , Noronha Marques Gabriela , Mendes Ana Verena , Barberino Maria Goreth , Colombo Arnaldo Lopes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the occurrence of Trichosporon asahii fungemia among critically ill COVID‐19 patients.MethodsFrom 1 July to 30 September 2020, cases of T asahii fungemia (TAF) in a Brazilian COVID‐19 referral centre were investigated. The epidemiology and clinical courses were detailed, along with a mycological investigation that included molecular species identification, haplotype diversity analysis and antifungal susceptibility testing.ResultsFive critically ill COVID‐19 patients developed TAF in the period. All five patients had common risk conditions for TAF: central venous catheter at fungemia, previous exposure to broad‐spectrum antibiotics, prior echinocandin therapy and previous prolonged corticosteroid therapy. The average time of intensive care unit hospitalisation previous to the TAF episode was 23 days. All but one patient had voriconazole therapy, and TAF 30‐day mortality was 80%. The five T asahii strains from the COVID‐19 patients belonged to 4 different haplotypes, mitigating the possibility of skin origin and cross‐transmission linking the 5 reported episodes. The antifungal susceptibility testing revealed low minimal inhibitory concentrations for azole derivatives.ConclusionsJudicious prescription of antibiotics, corticosteroids and antifungals needs to be discussed in critically ill COVID‐19 patients to prevent infections by hard‐to‐treat fungi like T asahii.
Pandemics and citizen perceptions about their country: Did COVID‐19 increase national pride in South Korea?
Authors: Lim Sijeong , Prakash Aseem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExogenous shocks such as pandemics have a profound influence on how citizens think about their country. We explore how the successful handling of COVID‐19 shaped South Korean citizens' perception of their country. Empirically, we compare data from surveys conducted in August 2019 and April 2020. Using regression on matched samples, we find a significant increase in general national pride. More importantly, we find an increase in positive assessments of their country in domains directly related to the COVID‐19 response (civic awareness and international leadership) but not in domains less directly related to the pandemic. We also find that while Koreans take pride in their collective response to the crisis, their disenchantment with the political class has grown. The implication is that citizens offer a remarkably nuanced understanding of how the COVID‐19 response reflected the strengths of the Korean society, as opposed to the Korean political system.
FIT4FOOD2030: Future‐proofing Europe’s Food Systems with Tools for Transformation and a Sustainable Food Systems Network
Authors: Baungaard Cathrine , Kok Kristiaan P.W. , den Boer Alanya C.L. , Brierley Chrissie , van der Meij Marjoleine G. , Gjefsen Mads Dahl , Wenink Jolien , Wagner Petra , Gemen Raymond , Regeer Barbara J. , Broerse Jacqueline E.W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFood systems are not fit for purpose, transgressing planetary boundaries, causing unhealthy consumption patterns and are rife with inequality. Research and Innovation (R&I) are central to tackling these food systems challenges, yet R&I systems are equally not fit for purpose, often lacking systemic and participatory approaches to food systems transformation. Therefore, there is a need for novel R&I approaches that adopt systemic and more participatory methods to engage with a wider range of food systems stakeholders. However, the lack of competencies and tools concerning novel R&I approaches for food systems transformation is a key hindrance to the deployment of such approaches in practice. These competencies and tools are vital for guiding and supporting food systems stakeholders dedicated to contributing to its transformation whether they are policymakers, researchers or citizens. This article presents the tangible results of the European (EU) Horizon 2020 funded FIT4FOOD2030 project. As a response to the challenges food and R&I systems face as well as the gap in competencies and tools surrounding these issues, the project has developed a growing online hub of Tools for Transformation applicable to a broad range of transformation challenges and contexts (e.g. food, health or energy) and a Sustainable Food Systems Network to equip food system stakeholders with practical hands‐on materials to ‘do’ food systems transformation.
Mean of creatinine clearance and urea clearance examined over 1 h estimates glomerular filtration rate accurately and precisely in children
Authors: Okuda Yusuke , Hamada Riku , Uemura Osamu , Sakai Tomoyuki , Sawai Toshihiro , Harada Ryoko , Hamasaki Yuko , Ishikura Kenji , Hataya Hiroshi , Honda Masataka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimAccurate and precise estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential in kidney disease. We evaluated the usefulness of the mean of creatinine clearance (CCr) and urea clearance (CUN) examined over a 1‐h urine collection period (1‐h (CCr + CUN)/2) in a retrospective, cross‐sectional study across two centres, as a relatively simple method for estimating GFR in children.MethodsChildren aged ≤18 years who underwent inulin clearance (CIn) tests were eligible. Two clearance values were obtained during a 2‐h test consisting of two periods of 1 h each. The mean clearance in two periods was defined as 1‐h clearance. 1‐h (CCr + CUN)/2, 1‐h CCr, 1‐h CUN and GFR estimated by Cr‐based and cystatin C (CysC)‐based formulas for Japanese children were compared with CIn. Bland–Altman plots were used to evaluate correlations. The primary outcome measure was the correlation between 1‐h (CCr + CUN)/2 and CIn.ResultsFifty‐three children were analysed. Their median age was 10.9 (interquartile range [IQR] 5.3–14.2) years, and median CIn and 1‐h (CCr + CUN)/2 were 77.0 (IQR: 51.5–95.1) and 81.0 (IQR: 64.1–97.7) ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Percentage difference of CIn and 1‐h (CCr + CUN)/2 in the Bland–Altman plot was −11.2% (95% confidence interval − 15.3% – −7.1%), with 95% lower and upper limits of agreement of −40.3% and 18.0%, respectively. Thus, 1‐h (CCr + CUN)/2 was 1.12 times CIn.Conclusion1 h (CCr + CUN)/2 was almost concordant with CIn. 1‐h (CCr + CUN)/2 can estimate GFR accurately and precisely, making it a simple and speedy test for use in clinical practice.
Psychological distress and its associations with psychosocial work environment factors in four professional groups: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bonsaksen Tore , Nerdrum Per , Østertun Geirdal Amy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to explore associations between psychosocial work environment factors and psychological distress in four groups of professionals in Norway. Eight hundred fifty‐six professionals participated in this cross‐sectional study 6 years after graduation. Data were analyzed with linear and logistic regression analyses. For the sample as a whole, higher psychological distress was associated with higher demands, lower support, lower job satisfaction, more work‐home interaction problems, and lower coping in the job. Work‐home interaction problems increased the likelihood of having case‐level psychological distress. The strength of associations between psychological distress and other factors, such as demands, support, and coping in the job, varied by professional group. In conclusion, problems concerned with work‐home interaction were generally associated with higher psychological distress. Between professional groups, other independent variables were differently associated with psychological distress. Work environment factors should receive continued attention in efforts to promote mental health.
The ‘black box’ of plant demography: how do seed type, climate and seed fungal communities affect grass seed germination?
Authors: Mackin Hunter C. , Shek Katherine L. , Thornton Tiffany E. , Evens Kayla C. , Hallett Lauren M. , McGuire Krista L. , DeMarche Megan L. , Roy Bitty A. 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Demographic studies measure drivers of plant fecundity including seed production and survival, but few address both abiotic and biotic drivers of germination such as variation in climate among sites, population density, maternal plants, seed type and fungal pathogen abundance.

We examined germination and microbial communities of seeds of Danthonia californica, which are either chasmogamous (external, wind‐pollinated) or cleistogamous (internal, self‐fertilized) and Festuca roemeri, which are solely chasmogamous. Seed populations were sourced across environmental gradients. We tested germination and used high‐throughput sequencing to characterize seed fungal community structure.

For F. roemeri, maternal plants significantly influenced germination as did climate and pathogens; germination increased from wetter, cooler sites. For D. californica, the main drivers of germination were maternal plant, seed type and pathogens; on average, more chasmogamous seeds germinated. Fungal communities depended largely on seed type, with fewer fungi associated with cleistogamous seeds, but the communities also depended on site factors such as vapor pressure deficit, plant density and whether the seeds had germinated.

Putative pathogens that were negatively correlated with germination were more abundant for both D. californica and F. roemeri chasmogamous seeds than D. californica cleistogamous seeds. In D. californica, cleistogamous and chasmogamous seeds contain vastly different fungal communities.
Accidental ingestions to known allergens by food allergic children and adolescents
Authors: Hicks Allison , Palmer Claire , Bauer Maureen , Venter Carina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccidental ingestions (AI) of food allergens in children compared with adolescents with food allergies are poorly characterized. It is suggested that AIs are higher in adolescents than children and that their reactions may be more severe, presumptively due, at least in part, to increased risk‐taking behavior. We compared reported AIs in children versus adolescents.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey was distributed to parents of children with food allergies via Twitter, food allergy advocacy groups in the UK, South Africa, and Australia, and locally at Children's Hospital Colorado.ResultsOf 558 respondents, 105 were parents of adolescents, and 453 had children <12 years. 73% (341) reported an AI since diagnosis, with 85% of adolescents having had an AI versus 70% of children (p = 0.0058). The annualized rate of AI was significantly lower in the adolescent population at 0.21 versus 0.53 in children (p = <0.0001). Although adolescents reported fewer severe reactions (2% vs. 16%, p = 0.0283), more adolescents required epinephrine administered by a medical professional for their most severe AI, (48% vs. 24%, p = 0.0378). Comparison of the two age groups is limited by the fact that many AIs in the adolescent group occurred prior to age 12. There was no significant difference between the groups as to where the food was consumed or the type of food. There was a significant difference in accidental ingestions in patients in all age groups with more than one reported food allergy; 78% of those with more than one food allergy reported a prior history of at least one accidental ingestion, compared with 59% in those with a single food allergy (p < 0.0001). Regional differences were also noted with respondents in the United States reporting 0.3 accidental ingestions a year, 0.4 in the UK, and 0.5 in other countries (p = 0.0455). The number of reactions was, on average, 27% lower (95% CI: 40, 11%) in the United States compared with the UK (p = 0.0019).ConclusionThe number of severe reactions, and epinephrine need, differs in children compared with adolescents, although many of the reported reactions in both groups occurred before the age of 12. There were also regional differences with the United States reporting a lower number of AIs and less AIs per year than the other participating regions, as well as increased rates of AI in participants with more than one food allergy. Further characterization of the differences in AIs between children and adolescents, as well as between regions, is needed to assist with more patient‐centered anticipatory guidance.
Stability in distribution for age‐structured HIV model with delay and driven by Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Guo Wenjuan , Ye Ming , Zhang Qimin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study stationarity of an age‐structured human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) model with a delay and driven by the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. The HIV model involves cell‐to‐virus infection and cell‐to‐cell transmission, and the two transmission modes have a short intracellular latency described by the delay. As the death rate and virus production rate of infected cells have an explicit age‐dependent feature and may be affected by environmental noises, we formulate a stochastic age‐structured HIV model to investigate the impacts of the two transmission modes on viral spread. Utilizing suitable Lyapunov functions, we first establish the existence and uniqueness of the global solution for the HIV model, and then study theth moment boundedness of the solution. Finally, the unique stationary distribution of the solution to the model is obtained. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate validity of our theoretical results.
Annual greenhouse gas emissions from sheepfolds and cattle sheds
Authors: Chen Haiqing , Li Shuangwei , Zheng Xunhua , Liu Chunyan , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLivestock sheds are local and regional hotspots of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, but only very few studies analyse the intensities of GHG emissions from this source. The objective of this study was to quantify annual CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions from inside and outside of sheepfolds and summer cattle sheds in a typical agro‐pastoral ecotone using static chamber technique. Both sheepfolds and cattle shed functioned as huge net sources of CH4 and N2O at annual scale. Animal presence increased CH4, CO2 and N2O effluxes for up to 1100 times compared to the animal sheds without animals. N2O emissions boosted for 160%–280% during and after rainfall and spring‐thaw events. The CH4 and CO2 fluxes increased exponentially with faeces temperature for the outside sheepfold and summer cattle shed. The annual GHG emissions from both sheepfolds and summer cattle shed were 56 t CO2 equivalents ha−1, of which N2O contributed to 94%. Sheepfold dominated the total GHG emissions from animal sheds and accounted for 83% of the annual GHG flux. Annual emission on a per animal basis was 15, 0.2 and 28 kg CO2 eq year−1 sheep−1 and 26, 10 and 140 kg CO2 eq year−1 cattle−1 for N2O, CH4 and CO2, respectively. The annual N2O emissions from animal sheds were 70–250 times larger than nearby grassland soils, which were also net sink for atmospheric CH4. Concluding, animal sheds are very intensive local hotspots of GHG emissions, which should be considered at the local and regional scales.
Artificial light at night suppresses the expression of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase in the left ventricle of the heart in normotensive and hypertensive rats
Authors: Sutovska Hana , Miklovic Matus , Molcan Lubos 
Published: June 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Artificial light at night decreases blood pressure and heart rate in rats. Are these changes in heart rate accompanied by changes in protein expression in the heart's left ventricle?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Five weeks of artificial light at night affected protein expression in the heart's left ventricle in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Artificial light at night decreased expression of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase, angiotensin II receptor type 1 and endothelin‐1.
AbstractArtificial light at night (ALAN) affects the circadian rhythm of the heart rate in normotensive Wistar rats (WT) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) through the autonomic nervous system, which regulates the heart's activity through calcium handling, an important regulator in heart contractility. We analysed the expression of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA2) and other selected regulatory proteins involved in the regulation of heart contractility, angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in the left ventricle of the heart in WT and SHR after 2 and 5 weeks of ALAN with intensity 1–2 lx. Expression of SERCA2 was decreased in WT (control: 0.53 ± 0.07; ALAN: 0.46 ± 0.10) and SHR (control: 0.72 ± 0.18; ALAN: 0.56 ± 0.21) after 5 weeks of ALAN (P = 0.067). Expression of AT1R was significantly decreased in WT (control: 0.51 ± 0.27; ALAN: 0.34 ± 0.20) and SHR (control: 0.38 ± 0.07; ALAN: 0.23 ± 0.09) after 2 weeks of ALAN (P = 0.028) and in SHR after 5 weeks of ALAN. Expression of ET‐1 was decreased in WT (control: 0.51 ± 0.27; ALAN: 0.28 ± 0.12) and SHR (control: 0.54 ± 0.10; ALAN: 0.35 ± 0.23) after 5 weeks of ALAN (P = 0.015). ALAN did not affect the expression of TH in WT or SHR. In conclusion, ALAN suppressed the expression of SERCA2, AT1R and ET‐1, which are important for the regulation of heart contractility, in a strain‐dependent pattern in both WT and SHR.
Assessment of Failure Life Evaluation Methods for Structural Discontinuities With Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Tests on Multiperforated Plate Made of Mod.9Cr-1Mo Steel
Authors: Ando Masanori , Hirose Yuichi , Takano Masahito 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the design of components for service at elevated temperatures, fatigue and creep-fatigue due to cyclic loading are some of the most important failure modes, and the assessment of failure life at structural discontinuities is a key issue within the evaluation of the integrity of the components. Since several fatigue and creep-fatigue life evaluation methods have been proposed, this study compares and assesses these different methods by performing fatigue and creep-fatigue tests of perforated plate made of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel. Multiperforated plate was subjected to mechanical cyclic loading at 550 °C, and crack initiation and propagation at the surfaces of the holes were observed. The stress distribution was varied by changing the hole arrangement and loading level. A series of finite element analyses (FEA) were carried out to predict the number of cycles to failure by the several failure life evaluation methods, and these predictions were then compared with the test results. Several types of evaluation methods that use the elastic FEA were applied, namely, the stress redistribution locus (SRL) method, simple elastic follow-up method, and the methods described in the design and construction code for fast reactors (FRs) published by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME FRs code). In addition to these, evaluation was also carried out using the results of inelastic FEA to compare these elastic FEA-based estimation methods. The comparisons indicate that, for all conditions tested, the SRL method provided a rational prediction of the fatigue and creep-fatigue life when κ = 1.6 was applied, where κ = 1.6 is the recommended reduction factor for this method in general use. A comparison of the SRL method and the results of the inelastic FEA indicated that the applicability of the value of factor κ in the SRL method depends on the elastic region remaining in the cross section including the evaluated point and the spread in the plastically deformed region in the specimen.
An Experimental Investigation of Flow Phenomena in a Multistage Micro-Tesla Valve
Authors: Raffel Jan , Ansari Shadi , Nobes David S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Tesla–diode valve, with no moving parts, allows restricted flow in one direction. It has many potential applications in different industrial situations. Despite the application of the valve and the importance of the effect of flow phenomena on the Tesla valve's performance, very few studies have experimentally investigated the motion of flow within the Tesla valve. This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research on the performance of Tesla valves by demonstrating the flow phenomena and the flow conditions needed to be used in numerical studies. In this work, the effect of direction of the flow and Reynolds number on the flow phenomena generated in a Tesla–diode valve is studied. Particle shadowgraph velocimetry (PSV) is utilized to investigate and visualize the velocity field. The results of this study confirm some of the phenomena that have been observed using numerical simulations. It also highlights the flow phenomena leading to an increase in the diodicity by an increase in the number of Tesla loops in the valve. An important observation often ignored in numerical simulation is the presence of unsteady behavior and vortex shedding for higher Reynolds number flows.
On the Disappearance of the Steady Wake Region Behind Porous Objects Under Freestream Flow at Low Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Chatterjee Dipankar , Kumar Chandan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A solid bluff object produces a recirculating wake region immediately behind it when subjected to flow separation under a steady flow condition. Similar phenomena can also be observed for a porous body. However, unlike the solid object, the porous body allows some part of the flow to go through it. A consequence of this flow penetration in porous objects is, the wake behind the body may get reduced in size and detach from the body. The wake even may disappear at some value of the porosity parameter (Darcy number). In this brief article, we compute the critical values of the porosity parameter for complete disappearance of the wake region behind two-dimensional porous bodies of circular and square shapes. A regime diagram is constructed to show the regions of wake formation, its detachment, and finally its disappearance around circular and square shaped porous bodies. The critical value of the porosity parameter increases with increasing Reynolds number, and it is found greater for the square body in comparison to the circular one. The study provides a quantitative estimation of how the porosity plays a significant role in demarcating the flow characteristics around porous objects.