bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell Immune Landscape of Human Recurrent Miscarriage
Authors: Wang Feiyang , Jia Wentong , Fan Mengjie , Shao Xuan , Li Zhilang , Liu Yongjie , Ma Yeling , Li Yu-Xia , Li Rong , Tu Qiang , Wang Yan-Ling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Successful pregnancy in placental mammals substantially depends on the establishment of maternal immune tolerance to the semi-allogenic fetus. Disorders in this process are tightly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including recurrent miscarriage (RM). However, an in-depth understanding of the systematic and decidual immune environment in RM remains largely lacking. In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to comparably analyze the cellular and molecular signatures of decidual and peripheral leukocytes in normal and unexplained RM pregnancies at the early stage of gestation. Integrative analysis identifies 22 distinct cell clusters in total, and a dramatic difference in leukocyte subsets and molecular properties in RM cases is revealed. Specifically, the cytotoxic properties of CD8+ effector T cells, nature killer (NK), and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in peripheral blood indicates apparently enhanced pro-inflammatory status, and the population proportions and ligand–receptor interactions of the decidual leukocyte subsets demonstrate preferential immune activation in RM patients. The molecular features, spatial distribution, and the developmental trajectories of five decidual NK (dNK) subsets have been elaborately illustrated. In RM patients, a dNK subset that supports embryonic growth is diminished in proportion, while the ratio of another dNK subset with cytotoxic and immune-active signature is significantly increased. Notably, a unique pro-inflammatory CD56+CD16+ dNK subset substantially accumulates in RM decidua. These findings reveal a comprehensive cellular and molecular atlas of decidual and peripheral leukocytes in human early pregnancy and provide an in-depth insight into the immune pathogenesis for early pregnancy loss.
Surveillance tools for detection of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An evidence‐based review and recommendations
Authors: Thamboo Andrew , Tran Kim H. , Ye Annette X. , Shoucair Issraa , Jabarin Basel , Prisman Eitan , Garnis Cathie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveNasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are tumors arising from epithelium of the nasopharynx. The 5‐year survival rate of primary NPC is 80% with significant risks of recurrence. The objective here is to provide an evidence‐based systemic review of the diagnostic value of different modalities in detecting local, regional, and distal recurrent NPC, as well as the associated costs with these modalities.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane review database were queried. Two hundred and twenty‐three abstracts were generated using the inclusion criteria: patients >18 years of age; histopathological reference standard; and modalities pertaining to imaging or microbiology.ResultsTwenty‐four manuscripts fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 5 surveillance tools identified: endoscopy, MR, FDG‐PET, Tc‐99m MIBI and 201TI SPECT, and EBV DNA.ConclusionsFor local surveillance, endoscopy is the gold standard recommendation, with increased efficacy if Narrow Band Imaging or contact endoscopy are utilized. MRI and FDG‐PET is also recommended to help with local to distal spread; however, Tc‐99m MIBI and 201TI SPECT are options as well. EBV DNA is recommended as a cheap and accessible adjunct surveillance tool if an available as an option.
The Digital Archive of Artists’ Publishing (DAAP): An email conversation with Ami Clarke and Lozana Rossenova
Authors: Clarke Ami , Rossenova Lozana , Grandal Montero Gustavo 
Published: January 2021

Gustavo Grandal Montero (ALJ):Could you give an overview of the main aims and context of the project?Ami Clarke (AC): The Digital Archive of Artists’ Publishing (DAAP) is an interactive, user-driven, searchable database of artists’ books and publications, that acts as a hub to engage with others, built by artists, publishers and a community of creative practitioners in contemporary artists’ publishing, developed via an ethically-driven design process, and supported by Wikimedia UK and Arts Council England. The project is inspired by the site of Banner Repeater's public Archive of Artists’ Publishing on Hackney Downs train station, with 11,000 people passing a day, in response to the need for a similarly dynamic approach to archiving in an online context.
Moving everything out – a risk assessment: Off-site storage for the Frick Art Reference Library, analysed by an ARIAH-RIHA Professional Exchange Fellow
Authors: Posch Cornelia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the fall of 2019, I received the ARIAH-RIHA Professional Exchange Fellowship, which gave me the opportunity to spend time in New York City, working on a project that aligned with my research and practice interest in emergency preparedness. The Frick Art Reference Library hosted me for three weeks, during which I could apply some of my theoretical knowledge and gain practical experience, while contributing to their preparedness by assessing risks related to an impending move of the collection. Working on prevention and preparedness in my own institution at the time, I wanted to get a sense of the steps that another library, similar in size and scope, was taking to ensure the integrity of its holdings in preparation of such a complex activity as a relocation of the entire collection.
Advancing medical technology innovation and clinical translation via a model of industry-enabled technical and educational support: Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute’s Medical Technology Advance Program
Authors: Brightman Andrew O. , Coffee R. Lane , Garcia Kara , Lottes Aaron E. , Sors Thomas G. , Moe Sharon M. , Wodicka George R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The success rate for translation of newly engineered medical technologies into clinical practice is low. Traversing the “translational valleys of death” requires a high level of knowledge of the complex landscape of technical, ethical, regulatory, and commercialization challenges along a multi-agency path of approvals. The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute developed a program targeted at increasing that success rate through comprehensive training, education, and resourcing. The Medical Technology Advance Program (MTAP) provides technical, educational, and consultative assistance to investigators that leverages partnerships with experts in the health products industry to speed progress toward clinical implementation. The training, resourcing, and guidance are integrated through the entire journey of medical technology translation. Investigators are supported through a set of courses that cover bioethics, ethical engineering, preclinical and clinical study design, regulatory submissions, entrepreneurship, and commercialization. In addition to the integrated technical and educational resources, program experts provide direct consultation for planning each phase along the life cycle of translation. Since 2008, nearly 200 investigators have gained assistance from MTAP resulting in over 100 publications and patents. This support via medicine–engineering–industry partnership provides a unique and novel opportunity to expedite new medical technologies into clinical and product implementation.
Infrastructure Strategies for Achieving the Global Development Agendas in Small Islands
Authors: Adshead Daniel , Roman Orlando , Thacker Scott , Hall Jim W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSmall island developing states face particular challenges to ensure their infrastructure promotes social, economic, and environmental well‐being. Closing the achievement gap for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) involves prioritization and coordination across multiple sectors. With an application to the country of Saint Lucia, this paper develops a stakeholder‐driven analysis framework integrating four interdependent infrastructure sectors (electricity, water, wastewater, and solid waste). Drawing on extensive consultation with decision‐makers in‐country—134 stakeholders from 18 government ministries, agencies, academia, or the private sector—the analysis identifies specific interventions that could be implemented over the next decades to meet future needs for sustainable infrastructure services. These interventions are congruent with the government's development plans. Long‐term, cross‐sectoral portfolios of investments and policies (“strategies”) are developed which demonstrably reach the targets of the SDGs and Saint Lucia's emissions reduction commitments under the Paris Agreement. The sequencing of these investments or policies is designed to optimize their efficiency and impact over time, identifying “quick wins” while ensuring that there is sufficient action to provide services in the long‐term sustainably. A comparison of costs associated with each strategy suggests that accounting for interdependencies and taking a long‐term perspective can save costs over the life of infrastructure investments. This process of infrastructure assessment is applicable beyond the small island context, allowing practitioners a means to undertake systematic assessment of a country's future infrastructure needs and to develop appropriate solutions aligned with its national objectives and international commitments.
Hydrogeologic and Geochemical Distinctions in Freshwater‐Brine Systems of an Andean Salar
Authors: Munk L. A. , Boutt D. F. , Moran B. J. , McKnight S. V. , Jenckes J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Salar de Atacama contains one of the world's most important lithium resources and hosts unique and fragile desert ecosystems. Water use issues of the hyper‐arid region have placed it at the center of global attention. This work combines geochemical and hydrogeologic data with remote sensing analysis to address differences in water zones in the marginal environments of the salar. Water samples from across the inflow to brine transition were collected over the period 2012–2016 and analyzed for ẟD, 3H, 87Sr/86Sr and major and minor elements. The ẟD values range from about −64‰ to +20‰, 3H as Rmod from 0.01 to 0.36 and the 87Sr/86Sr from 0.70750 to 0.70804 with highest ẟD and 3H occurring in the regions of open water. Geochemical modeling results indicate inflow and shallow transition zone waters are saturated with respect to calcite, whereas all others are saturated with respect to calcite, gypsum, and halite. Long‐term remote‐sensing of surface water body extents indicate that extreme precipitation events are the primary driver of surface area changes as exemplified by an increase in size of the lagoons by a factor of 2.7 after a storm. A new conceptual model of the freshwater to brine transition zone that incorporates variability in aquifer geology, hydrology and geochemistry to explain important marginal water bodies is presented. The subsurface brines in the transition zone and the halite nucleus are geochemically distinct compared to the groundwater discharge features (e.g., lagoons) over modern time scales which aids in conceptualizing the transition zone system.
A Review of Health Issues Related to Child Labor and Violence Within Artisanal and Small‐Scale Mining
Authors: Schwartz Franklin W. , Lee Sangsuk , Darrah Thomas H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis review examines health issues around human/social determinants of health within artisanal and small‐scale mining (ASM). The focus is on working children and violence. Within the area of violence, the collection of health risks is broad, ranging from self‐directed impacts such as suicide or neglect, to interpersonal impacts such as child or intimate partner abuse, and to collective violence such as trafficking, fighting for resources and ultimately war. Discussions on such impacts are less about accidents and illnesses and more about psychological issues. We review studies shedding light on health implications of ASM for children at sites in Suriname and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These studies helped to dispel the perception that the long list of hazards and health risks commonly cited are present at every mining site. Although worker and community interviews provide useful information about accidents and other common ailments, they cannot replace formal medical screenings for serious health problems. There are likely health effects related to criminality and violence. Detailed interviews from Domaine Marial, DRC, with respect to violence to children and intimate women partners are sobering. Violence has also developed with takeovers by local gangs, domestic and transnational organized criminal groups, and insurgent and terrorist groups. Human health can be negatively impacted by worsened working conditions, collateral damage due to fighting among criminal groups and violence more generally, loss of employment or displacement. The negative impacts of ASM can be reduced through policy interventions based on an understanding of what is happening in various countries.
Multievent Study of Characteristics and Propagation of Naturally Occurring ELF/VLF Waves Using High‐Latitude Ground Observations and Conjunctions With the Arase Satellite
Authors: Martinez‐Calderon C. , Katoh Y. , Manninen J. , Santolik O. , Kasahara Y. , Matsuda S. , Kumamoto A. , Tsuchiya F. , Matsuoka A. , Shoji M. , Teramoto M. , Shinohara I. , Shiokawa K. , Miyoshi Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the properties of the ionospheric exit point and characteristics of several types of very low frequency waves, including chorus and quasiperiodic emissions, based on a comprehensive dataset of simultaneous observations between ground and space. Whistler‐mode waves were observed at Kannuslehto (L = 5.5, KAN), Finland, and in the inner magnetosphere by the Japanese Arase satellite. During the 2017–2018 winter campaign, we found 13 cases showing one‐to‐one correspondence of wave spectra between KAN and Arase. This is the first time that such a large number of conjugated events have been reported at once. The duration of the events ranged from a few minutes up to 3 h, with 90% of events detected in the afternoon sector. While the occurrence rate is higher during daytime, this can also be related to a majority of the detected waves being quasiperiodic emissions, a known dayside phenomenon. Arase was usually located within 30° of the equator, at L ∼4–5, and detected mostly waves propagating at oblique angles (≥20°). Frequently, the ionospheric magnetic footprint of Arase was located equatorwards (south) from KAN, often in the same geographical area. We investigated the probable location of the ionospheric exit point of the waves from the location of the footprint of Arase and the angle of arrival of waves detected at KAN. Using density measurements at Arase we discuss magnetospheric wave propagation; we find that, in most cases, waves were unducted in their propagation from the satellite to the ground.
Aquatic Biogeochemical Eddy Covariance Fluxes in the Presence of Waves
Authors: Long Matthew H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe eddy covariance (EC) technique is a powerful tool for measuring atmospheric exchange rates that was recently adapted by biogeochemists to measure aquatic oxygen fluxes. A review of aquatic biogeochemical EC literature revealed that the majority of studies were conducted in shallow waters where waves were likely present, and that waves biased sensor and turbulence measurements. This review identified that larger measurement heights shifted turbulence to lower frequencies, producing a spectral gap between turbulence and wave frequencies. However, some studies sampled too close to the boundary to allow for a spectral turbulence‐wave gap, and a change in how EC measurements are conducted and analyzed is needed to remove wave‐bias. EC fluxes have only been derived from the time‐averaged product of vertical velocity and oxygen, often resulting in wave‐bias. Presented is a new analysis framework for removing wave‐bias by accumulation of cross‐power spectral densities below wave frequencies. This analysis framework also includes new measurement guidelines based on wave period, currents, and measurement heights. This framework is applied to sand, seagrass, and reef environments where traditional EC analysis resulted in wave‐bias of 7.0% ± 9.2% error in biogeochemical (oxygen and H+) fluxes, while more variable and higher error was evident in momentum fluxes (10.5% ± 21.0% error). It is anticipated that this framework will lead to significant changes in how EC measurements are conducted and evaluated, and help overcome the major limitations caused by wave‐sensitive and slow‐response sensors, potentially expanding new chemical tracer applications and more widespread use of the EC technique.
Simultaneous Observations of Turbulent Reynolds Stress in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer and Wind Stress over the Sea Surface
Authors: Huang Chuan Jiang , Qiao Fangli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study used high‐frequency acoustic instruments mounted on an offshore observation platform to obtain simultaneous in situ measurements of sea surface winds and ocean currents. The acquired data were used to compare quantitatively the turbulent Reynolds stress in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) and the wind stress over the sea surface. During the study period (∼10 d), the sea state was largely dominated by swell and breaking wind waves. The eddy covariance method was used to estimate the two stresses. A combination of the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform (SWT) method and a moving average was employed for wave‐turbulence decomposition of the oceanic velocities. Results showed that the turbulent Reynolds stress in the OSBL is affected greatly by surface gravity waves and that it scales with the wave characteristics. Direct comparison revealed that the turbulent Reynolds stress in the OSBL could be larger than the wind stress in certain circumstances, which differs from the traditional view that the former cannot be greater than the latter. In certain extreme cases, their ratio can be up to one order of magnitude. Therefore, we conclude that surface waves can enhance significantly the turbulent Reynolds stress in the OSBL.
Terahertz and Photonics Seamless Short‐Distance Links for Future Mobile Networks
Authors: Kawanishi T. , Inagaki K. , Kanno A. , Yamamoto N. , Aiba T. , Yasuda H. , Wakabayashi T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh‐speed data transfer and high‐performance imaging can be realized by using radio‐waves in high‐frequency bands, such as millimeter‐waves and THz‐waves, where wide frequency bands are available. However, the cell size would be smaller than a few hundred meters, due to large free space propagation loss and large atmospheric attenuation. Thus, many base stations, which are connected by networks, are required to offer nationwide or global network services by such high‐frequency radio‐bands. The networks would be constructed by various transmission media including optical fibers and fixed wireless links, where many media converters are required. This paper reviews various technologies for seamless bridges between radio and optical links. For the time being, congestion of radio spectrum in THz bands is not significant. However, if we look at the history of radio‐wave technologies, spectral congestion has been high even in newly developed high frequency bands. In active radio services in millimeter‐wave or THz‐wave bands, interference mitigation with passive services such as radio astronomy and Earth observation satellites is an important issue, as of now. This paper describes research trends of THz‐wave technologies from the point of view of a figure of merit defined by a product of the carrier frequency and spectral efficiency, to discuss the significance of spectral efficiency enhancement in the high‐frequency region. Analysis of power consumption of short‐distance radio systems is also shown to discuss expected performance of THz‐wave links.
Tectonic Inversion and Geomorphic Evolution of the Algerian Margin Since Messinian Times: Insights From New Onshore/Offshore Analog Modeling Experiments
Authors: Strzerzynski Pierre , Dominguez Stéphane , Boudiaf Azzedine , Déverchère Jacques 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTectonic inversion of passive margins is a common but poorly documented process preceding subduction inception. We perform here a comprehensive land‐sea experimental modeling of this key process by reproducing the morphotectonic and sedimentary evolution of the central Algerian margin over the last 6 Myr. Our approach is based on scaled analog models integrating interactions between crustal shortening and surface processes, including erosion, water transport, sedimentation, gravitational instabilities, and base‐level changes. A challenge was to simulate the effects of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) through a major sea‐level oscillation and halite deposition. By using realistic boundary conditions, adapted analog material, and robust, first‐order parameters for physiography setups, we successfully reproduce the morphotectonic domains and the time‐dependent geometrical relationships between fluvio‐deltaic sedimentary systems, erosional surfaces, and thrust faults as observed since Messinian times. Our results highlight (1) the key role played by the MSC sea‐level oscillation on an ultra‐fast building, destruction and re‐sedimentation of fans and deltas from the upper slope to the abyssal plain; (2) the development of a large popup structure subparallel to the coastline, with progressive strain migration from the backthrust on land toward a frontal thrust of opposite vergence at mid‐slope and the margin toe; and (3) the importance of lateral changes in initial wedge shape and strain distribution for determining the non‐cylindrical geometry of the margin and progradation of piggy‐back basins during tectonic inversion. Our results support that the central Algerian margin is witnessing the early building of an accretionary wedge combining thin‐skinned and thick‐skinned tectonic styles.
PIWIL2 interacting with IKK to regulate autophagy and apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Xu , Huang Lian , Lu Yilu , Jiang Wenhao , Song Yue , Qiu Bojun , Tao Dachang , Liu Yunqiang , Ma Yongxin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies and cause of death from cancer in China. Previous studies showed that autophagy and apoptosis inhibition are critical for the survival of ESCC cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. Recently, we found that PIWIL2, a novel cancer testis protein, is highly expressed in ESCC and associated with high T-stage and poor 5-year survival rate in patients. Our further study showed that PIWIL2 can directly bind to IKK and promote its phosphorylation, leading to phosphorylation of IκB and subsequently nuclear translocation of NF-κB for apoptosis inhibition. Meanwhile, PIWIL2 competitively inhibits binding of IKK to TSC1, and thus deactivate mTORC1 pathway which suppresses ULK1 phosphorylation and initiation of autophagy. The mouse xenograft model suggested that PIWIL2 can promote ESCC growth in an IKK-dependent manner. This present work firstly revealed that PIWIL2 can play a role in regulating autophagy and apoptosis, and is associated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients, providing novel insights into the roles of PIWIL2 in tumorigenesis.