bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent cadmium exposure impairs cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Wang Hao , Abel Glen M. , Storm Daniel R. , Xia Zhengui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal and a significant public health concern. Epidemiological studies suggest that Cd is a potential neurotoxicant, and its exposure is associated with cognitive deficits in children, adults, and seniors. Our previous study has found that adulthood‐only Cd exposure can impair cognition in mice. However, few studies have addressed the effects of Cd exposure during adolescence on cognitive behavior in animals later in life. In the present study, we exposed 4‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice to 3 mg/L Cd via drinking water for 28 weeks and assessed their hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory. Cd did not affect anxiety or locomotor activity in the open field test. However, Cd exposure impaired short‐term spatial memory and contextual fear memory in mice. A separate cohort of 4‐week‐old mice was similarly exposed to Cd for 13 weeks to investigate the potential mechanism of Cd neurotoxicity on cognition. We observed that Cd‐treated mice had fewer adult‐born cells, adult‐born neurons, and a reduced proportion of adult‐born cells that differentiated into mature neurons in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. These results suggest that Cd exposure from adolescence to adulthood is sufficient to cause cognitive deficits and impair key processes of hippocampal neurogenesis in mice.
3,4,5‐O‐tricaffeoylquinic acid alleviates ionizing radiation‐induced injury in vitro and in vivo through regulating ROS/JNK/p38 signaling
Authors: Liu Jiajun , Hu Wen , Ma Xiaoying , Liang Xin , Lin Long , Huang Jianming , Liu Jianwen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIonizing radiation (IR) brings many health problems to humans, causing damage to the digestive system, hematopoietic system, and immune system. Natural compounds derived from plants have attracted widespread attention due to their low toxicity. Here, we found that 3,4,5‐O‐tricaffeoylquinic acid (tCQA) extracted from natural plant Azolla imbricata could significantly alleviate the systemic damage in mice caused by IR. In order to further explore the molecular mechanism of the radioprotective effect of tCQA, in vitro experiments confirmed that tCQA could attenuate the cytotoxic effect of IR on the colonic epithelial cell line NCM460 and alleviate the IR‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by the decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, ROS production, and caspase‐dependent apoptosis. In addition, the generation of ROS induced by H2O2 could also be reversed by tCQA. Then, Western blot demonstrated that tCQA could reverse the MAPK signaling pathway activated by IR. However, the inhibitory effect of tCQA on JNK and P38 levels activated by the JNK agonist anisomycin is not obvious; meanwhile, tCQA could inhibit the activation of JNK/P38 induced by H2O2, which suggests that tCQA might inhibit the JNK/P38 signaling pathway by reducing ROS. In short, tCQA inhibits the generation of ROS caused by IR, and then regulates the activity of caspase in the mitochondrial pathway by inhibiting the JNK/P38 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating the apoptosis of NCM460. This research provides an experimental basis for the development of new types of radioprotective agents for medical diagnosis and radiotherapy.
Comparing the CT and MRI findings for canine primary hepatocellular lesions
Authors: Kurokawa Shohei , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Yamazaki Hiroki , Noguchi Shunsuke , Wada Yusuke , Nishida Hidetaka , Akiyoshi Hideo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundTriple‐phase CT and gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA) MRI have been used to differentiate hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in dogs.MethodsThis retrospective case series aimed to compare the CT findings with MRI findings of 20 canine hepatocellular lesions, including eight poorly/moderately‐differentiated HCCs, eight well‐differentiated HCCs and four hyperplasias. CT data were analysed, and the following parameters were noted: vessel enhancement, enhancement pattern in the equilibrium phase, maximal transverse diameter, the lowest enhancement, and the attenuation values of each hepatocellular lesion in the precontrast and triple‐phase series, including the arterial phase, portal phase and equilibrium phase. MRI data were analysed, and the following parameters were noted: signal intensities of each hepatocellular lesion on T2‐weighted images and T1‐weighted images, and signal intensity ratio of the hepatocellular lesions in the hepatobiliary phase.ResultsIn 62.5% of poorly/moderately‐differentiated HCC and 75% of well‐differentiated HCC, presumptive necrosis was detected on CT and MRI. In the hepatobiliary phase on MRI, the median signal intensity ratio of poorly/moderately‐differentiated HCC (0.54 [range: 0.3–0.71]) was significantly lower than that of well‐differentiated HCC (0.75 [range: 0.6–0.96]) and hyperplasia (0.79 [range: 071–0.98]; p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively).ConclusionGd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI may be a superior modality for differentiating hepatocellular origin lesions.
Multifactorial causes of an emaciated wild Lutjanus erythropterus in Oman
Authors: Morales‐Ávila José Raúl , Al‐Jufaili Sarah , Al‐Rahbi Waleed , AmbuAli Aisha , Saldierna‐Martínez Ricardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPostmortem examination of a wild Lutjanus erythropterus exhibiting emaciation associated with multifactorial causes is presented. Skeletal muscle analysis for heavy metals revealed presence of threefold cadmium concentration in comparison with the European standards. Multifocal necrosis and muscle atrophy (condition factor K = 0.92) were also noted. Other anomalies recorded included abdominal distension and bilateral sunken eyes. The liver showed scant vacuolation, melano‐macrophage centres and diffuse granulomatous lesions also occurring in the viscera and mesenteries. Intensity of infection varied from 2 to 9 parasites, while 16S rRNA sequences revealed the opportunistic pathogen Photobacterium damselae complex only in affected organs. This is the first record of non‐aetiologic and aetiologic factors occurring concurrently in a wild fish in Oman. Although no definitive conclusions can be drawn, these findings highlight the urgent need for further fish health assessment regarding these pathologies and other diseases that pose a health risk to other fish species.
Unusual caudal cervical fracture in a dog
Authors: Jacqmin Maxime Jean , Baldinger Arnaud , Combet‐Curt Julie , Nectoux Alexandra , Moissonnier Pierre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 14‐month‐old entire male Saint Bernard dog was presented at the emergency department for paralysis after a head trauma. Computed tomography examination revealed an atypical fracture of C6 with a large free bone fragment in the dorsolateral part of the vertebral canal, originating from the vertebral body. A C6–C7 Funkquist B dorsal laminectomy was performed to remove this intracanalar fragment. A dorsal stabilization using lag screws inserted into the articular facets of C5–C6 and C6–C7 was also performed. The surgical procedure maintained vertebral column stability and allowed a complete functional recovery. The present article exposes the diagnosis and therapeutic management of an original cervical fracture, discusses the choice of a stabilization technique for the caudal cervical spine and the possible underlying predisposing factors that could have led to this unusual fracture.
Substrate, temperature, and geographical patterns among nearly 2000 natural yeast isolates
Authors: Spurley William J. , Fisher Kaitlin J. , Langdon Quinn K. , Buh Kelly V. , Jarzyna Martin , Haase Max A. B. , Sylvester Kayla , Moriarty Ryan V. , Rodriguez Daniel , Sheddan Angela , Wright Sarah , Sorlie Lisa , Hulfachor Amanda Beth , Opulente Dana A. , Hittinger Chris Todd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractYeasts have broad importance as industrially and clinically relevant microbes and as powerful models for fundamental research, but we are only beginning to understand the roles yeasts play in natural ecosystems. Yeast ecology is often more difficult to study compared to other, more abundant microbes, but growing collections of natural yeast isolates are beginning to shed light on fundamental ecological questions. Here, we used environmental sampling and isolation to assemble a dataset of 1962 isolates collected from throughout the contiguous United States of America (USA) and Alaska, which were then used to uncover geographic patterns, along with substrate and temperature associations among yeast taxa. We found some taxa, including the common yeasts Torulaspora delbrueckii and Saccharomyces paradoxus, to be repeatedly isolated from multiple sampled regions of the USA, and we classify these as broadly distributed cosmopolitan yeasts. A number of yeast taxon–substrate associations were identified, some of which were novel and some of which support previously reported associations. Further, we found a strong effect of isolation temperature on the phyla of yeasts recovered, as well as for many species. We speculate that substrate and isolation temperature associations reflect the ecological diversity of and niche partitioning by yeast taxa.
D-instantons in Type IIA string theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Sen Ashoke , Stefański Bogdan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Type IIA string theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold has a hypermultiplet moduli space whose metric is known to receive non-perturbative corrections from Euclidean D2-branes wrapped on 3-cycles. These corrections have been computed earlier by making use of mirror symmetry, S-duality and twistorial description of quaternionic geometries. In this paper we compute the leading corrections in each homology class using a direct world-sheet approach without relying on any duality symmetry or supersymmetry. Our results are in perfect agreement with the earlier predictions.
Bootstrapping quantum extremal surfaces. Part I. The area operator
Authors: Belin Alexandre , Colin-Ellerin Sean 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Quantum extremal surfaces are central to the connection between quantum information theory and quantum gravity and they have played a prominent role in the recent progress on the information paradox. We initiate a program to systematically link these surfaces to the microscopic data of the dual conformal field theory, namely the scaling dimensions of local operators and their OPE coefficients. We consider CFT states obtained by acting on the vacuum with single-trace operators, which are dual to one-particle states of the bulk theory. Focusing on AdS3/CFT2, we compute the CFT entanglement entropy to second order in the large c expansion where quantum extremality becomes important and match it to the expectation value of the bulk area operator. We show that to this order, the Virasoro identity block contributes solely to the area operator.
Ultra-spinning Chow’s black holes in six-dimensional gauged supergravity and their properties
Authors: Wu Di , Wu Shuang-Qing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
By taking the ultra-spinning limit as a simple solution-generating trick, a novel class of ultra-spinning charged black hole solutions has been constructed from Chow’s rotating charged black hole with two equal-charge parameters in six-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 gauged supergravity theory. We investigate their thermodynamical properties and then demonstrate that all thermodynamical quantities completely obey both the differential first law and the Bekenstein-Smarr mass formula. For the six-dimensional ultra-spinning Chow’s black hole with only one rotation parameter, we show that it does not always obey the reverse isoperimetric inequality, thus it can be either sub-entropic or super-entropic, depending upon the ranges of the mass parameter and especially the charge parameter. This property is obviously different from that of the six-dimensional singly-rotating Kerr-AdS super-entropic black hole, which always strictly violates the RII. For the six-dimensional doubly-rotating Chow’s black hole but ultra-spinning only along one spatial axis, we point out that it may also obey or violate the RII, and can be either super-entropic or sub-entropic in general.
The Role of Telemedicine in Surgical Specialties During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gachabayov Mahir , Latifi Lulejeta A. , Parsikia Afshin , Latifi Rifat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the current body of evidence on the use of telemedicine in surgical subspecialties during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis was a scoping review conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). MEDLINE via Ovid, PubMed, and EMBASE were systematically searched for any reports discussing telemedicine use in surgery and surgical specialties during the first period (February 2020–August 8, 2020) and second 6‐month period (August 9–March 4, 2021) of the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsOf 466 articles screened through full text, 277 articles were included for possible qualitative and/or quantitative data synthesis. The majority of publications in the first 6 months were in orthopedic surgery, followed by general surgery and neurosurgery, whereas in the second 6 months of COVID‐19 pandemic, urology and neurosurgery were the most productive, followed by transplant and plastic surgery. Most publications in the first 6 months were opinion papers (80%), which decreased to 33% in the second 6 months. The role of telemedicine in different aspects of surgical care and surgical education was summarized stratifying by specialty.ConclusionTelemedicine has increased access to care of surgical patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but whether this practice will continue post‐pandemic remains unknown.
MR lung perfusion measurements in adolescents after congenital diaphragmatic hernia: correlation with spirometric lung function tests
Authors: Groß Verena , Zahn Katrin , Maurer Kristina , Wessel Lucas , Schaible Thomas , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Weiß Christel , Zoellner Frank G. , Weis Meike 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate whether lung perfusion continues to be reduced in 10-year-old children after congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and whether lung perfusion values correlate with spirometric lung function measurements.

Methods
Fifty-four patients after CDH repair received dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based lung perfusion measurements at the age of 10 years (10.2 ± 1.0 years). Additionally, a control group of 10 children has been examined according to the same protocol. Lung spirometry was additionally available in 43 patients of the CDH group. A comparison of ipsilateral and contralateral parameters was performed.

Results
Pulmonary blood flow (PBF) was reduced on the ipsilateral side in CDH patients (60.4 ± 23.8 vs. 93.3 ± 16.09 mL/100 mL/min; p < 0.0001). In comparison to the control group, especially the ratio of ipsilateral to contralateral, PBF was reduced in CDH patients (0.669 ± 0.152 vs. 0.975 ± 0.091; p < 0.0001). There is a positive correlation between ipsilateral pulmonary blood flow, and spirometric forced 1-s volume (r = 0.45; p = 0.0024).

Conclusions
Pulmonary blood flow impairment persists during childhood and correlates with spirometric measurements. Without the need for ionizing radiation, MRI measurements seem promising as follow-up parameters after CDH.

Key Points
• Ten-year-old children after congenital diaphragmatic hernia continue to show reduced perfusion of ipsilateral lung.
• Lung perfusion values correlate with lung function tests after congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Do CMIP models capture long-term observed annual precipitation trends?
Authors: Vicente-Serrano S. M. , García-Herrera R. , Peña-Angulo D. , Tomas-Burguera M. , Domínguez-Castro F. , Noguera I. , Calvo N. , Murphy C. , Nieto R. , Gimeno L. , Gutierrez J. M. , Azorin-Molina C. , El Kenawy A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study provides a long-term (1891–2014) global assessment of precipitation trends using data from two station-based gridded datasets and climate model outputs evolved through the fifth and sixth phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6, respectively). Our analysis employs a variety of modeling groups that incorporate low- and high-top level members, with the aim of assessing the possible effects of including a well-resolved stratosphere on the model’s ability to reproduce long-term observed annual precipitation trends. Results demonstrate that only a few regions show statistically significant differences in precipitation trends between observations and models. Nevertheless, this pattern is mostly caused by the strong interannual variability of precipitation in most of the world regions. Thus, statistically significant model-observation differences on trends (1891–2014) are found at the zonal mean scale. The different model groups clearly fail to reproduce the spatial patterns of annual precipitation trends and the regions where stronger increases or decreases are recorded. This study also stresses that there are no significant differences between low- and high-top models in capturing observed precipitation trends, indicating that having a well-resolved stratosphere has a low impact on the accuracy of precipitation projections.
Anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies: a narrative review with focus on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Zinzani Pier Luigi , Minotti Giorgio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
CD19 is a cell surface protein that is found on both healthy and malignant B cells. Accordingly, it has become an important target for novel treatments for non-Hodgkin lymphomas and B-cell leukaemia. Three anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies with distinct mechanisms of action have been developed for the treatment of B-cell malignancies.

Methods
We reviewed the preclinical and clinical data on the development of the newly approved anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies blinatumomab, tafasitamab and loncastuximab tesirine, and consider their place in the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies.

Results
Blinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engager that binds to both CD19 on B cells and CD3 on T cells, facilitating antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Blinatumomab significantly prolongs overall survival in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, although cytokine release syndrome and severe neurotoxicity may necessitate discontinuation. Tafasitamab, which has modified anti-CD19 Fab and Fc regions, has significantly enhanced affinity for both CD19 and effector cell receptors compared with unmodified anti-CD19. In L-MIND, tafasitamab plus lenalidomide provided an overall response rate (ORR) of 57.5% in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in patients non-transplant eligible. Loncastuximab tesirine is an antibody–drug conjugate that has been studied as monotherapy and in combination with ibrutinib in 3L + relapsed or refractory DLBCL. The ORR was 48.3% in a phase II trial of loncastuximab tesirine. The optimal place of anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies in therapy has yet to be determined, but the prospect of improved outcomes for at least some patients with treatment-resistant B-cell malignancies appears likely, particularly in those with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis.
Hunting techniques and their harvest as indicators of mammal diversity and threat in Northern Angola
Authors: Teutloff Nele , Meller Paulina , Finckh Manfred , Cabalo Almeida Segredo , Ramiro Guedes José , Neinhuis Christoph , Lautenschläger Thea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver-exploitation of wildlife especially bushmeat trade is the second most important threat to animal biodiversity. This also applies to Northern Angola but data on bushmeat and hunting techniques for this region are rare. Therefore, we study the most common hunting techniques, frequently captured species, and their economic value, and discuss the local resource use in relation to Angolan law and urgent global crises like the loss of biodiversity, the food supply in South African countries, and the risk of zoonoses. We recorded bushmeat hunting in 27 localities in the province of Uíge, accompanied hunters along their snare lines and interviewed additional 20 locals. Seven main types of snares and traps and their characteristics were defined. Hunters own on average 92 ± 128.7 snares and traps and capture about 25.3 ± 23.6 animals monthly. In total, respondents recognized 28 species of mammals of which one is considered as extinct and two as very rare. The majority of recorded species are hunted regularly. Rodents are most commonly caught followed by primates and duikers. Harvesting rates decrease with species’ body size, leading to high economic value of and achievable prices for rare, large animals. Overall, our results document the hunting pressure on mammals and the persisting popularity of bushmeat in Northern Angola which poses an imminent threat to remaining mammal populations. Moreover, it endangers ecosystem integrity, rural livelihoods, and human health through the risk of new zoonoses. Our findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable solutions. The Angolan government should play a more active role in enforcing existing hunting legislation to reduce illegal bushmeat trade.
The Relationship of Alcohol to ART Adherence Among Black MSM in the U.S.: Is it Any Different Among Black MSM in the South?
Authors: Canidate Shantrel S. , Schrimshaw Eric W. , Schaefer Nancy , Gebru Nioud Mulugeta , Powers Noelani , Maisto Stephen , Parisi Christina , Leeman Robert F. , Fields Sheldon , Cook Robert L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlcohol-using Black MSM (Men who have sex with men) are disproportionately impacted by HIV in the U.S.—particularly in the southern U.S.—despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The purpose of this study was to summarize the current evidence on alcohol use and ART adherence among Black MSM in the U.S. and in the South and to identify future research needs. A systematic review was conducted using eight databases to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and April 2021. The authors also snowballed remaining studies and hand-searched for additional studies. Including both quantitative and qualitative studies, five published studies examined alcohol and ART adherence among Black MSM in the U.S. The search identified 240 articles, the study team reviewed 114 in full-text and determined that only five met the inclusion criteria. Three of the five included studies identified alcohol use as a barrier to ART adherence. In conclusions, the general lack of literature on HIV disparities among alcohol-using Black MSM in the U.S. (specifically in the South) indicates a critical need for research on this population’s unique risks and needs to inform the development of tailored interventions.