bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red and blue light treatments of ripening bilberry fruits reveal differences in signalling through abscisic acid‐regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Samkumar Amos , Jones Dan , Karppinen Katja , Dare Andrew P. , Sipari Nina , Espley Richard V. , Martinussen Inger , Jaakola Laura 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe biosynthesis of anthocyanins has been shown to be influenced by light quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the light‐mediated regulation of fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis are not well understood. In this study, we analysed the effects of supplemental red and blue light on the anthocyanin biosynthesis in non‐climacteric bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). After 6 days of continuous irradiation during ripening, both red and blue light elevated concentration of anthocyanins, up to 12‐ and 4‐folds, respectively, compared to the control. Transcriptomic analysis of ripening berries showed that both light treatments up‐regulated all the major anthocyanin structural genes, the key regulatory MYB transcription factors and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes. However, higher induction of specific genes of anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis alongside ABA signal perception and metabolism were found in red light. The difference in red and blue light signalling was found in 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), ABA receptor pyrabactin resistance‐like (PYL) and catabolic ABA‐8'hydroxylase gene expression. Red light also up‐regulated expression of soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) domain transporters, which may indicate involvement of these proteins in vesicular trafficking of anthocyanins during fruit ripening. Our results suggest differential signal transduction and transport mechanisms between red and blue light in ABA‐regulated anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis during bilberry fruit ripening.
Most common pediatric skin conditions managed in outpatient dermatology clinics in the United States stratified by race and ethnicity
Authors: Ho Tina , Taylor Matthew T. , Marathe Kalyani S. , Lucky Anne W. , Barbieri John S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA better understanding of what skin conditions are most commonly diagnosed in different pediatric racial and ethnic groups in outpatient dermatology clinics could help guide the development of pediatric dermatology educational initiatives for primary care providers and general dermatologists who have limited access to pediatric dermatologists. Using a nationally representative dataset, we evaluated the most common diagnoses in patients younger than 15 years of age (children) and 15‐24 years of age (youth) who present to outpatient dermatology clinics, stratified by race and ethnicity. While acne and dermatitis were among the top ten most common diagnoses in all racial and ethnic groups studied, Black children were also commonly diagnosed with dermatophytosis and impetigo, and Black and Hispanic children were often diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis; pigmentary disorders were among the top three most common diagnoses in Black, Asian, and Hispanic youth. Training more physicians how to evaluate and treat common skin conditions in children and youth of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds may improve access to care for skin disease in the United States.
Sapropterin for phenylketonuria: A Japanese post‐marketing surveillance study
Authors: Tamura Mina , Seki Shizuka , Kakurai Yasuyuki , Chikada Shuichi , Wada Kento 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the long‐term safety and efficacy of sapropterin in a real‐world setting in Japanese patients with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)‐responsive phenylketonuria.MethodsThis post‐marketing surveillance study enrolled all of the patients in Japan with confirmed BH4‐responsive PKU who were administrated sapropterin between July 2008 and October 2017. Patients were observed at least every 3 months during follow up, with key data collected on treatment exposure/duration, effectiveness according to physician’s judgement, serum phenylalanine levels, and adverse events.ResultsOf 87 enrolled patients, 85 patients (male, 42.4%; outpatients, 96.5%) were included in the safety and efficacy analysis sets. Treatment started at age <4 years in 43 (50.6%) patients and the most common starting daily dose was 5–10 mg/kg (n = 41, 48.2%) with the overall duration of treatment between 0.2 and 17.2 years. Serum phenylalanine levels, according to loading tests, reduced from a baseline level of 9.66 mg/dL (range 0.48–36.80 mg/dL) by >30% in 84 patients. Treatment was deemed effective in 79 of 85 patients (92.9%, 95% confidence interval: 85.3–97.4). One patient (1.2%) experienced an adverse drug reaction (alanine aminotransferase increased) 50 days after the start of administration, which resolved without complications with continued treatment.ConclusionsSapropterin appears well tolerated and highly effective in Japanese patients treated in a real‐world setting, including those who start treatment at age <4 years and pregnant women.
Population structure of Phytophthora infestans collected on potato and tomato in Italy
Authors: Saville Amanda C. , La Spada Federico , Faedda Roberto , Migheli Quirico , Scanu Bruno , Ermacora Paolo , Gilardi Giovanna , Fedele Giorgia , Rossi Vitorrio , Lenzi Nicolo , Testa Antonino , Bechir Allagui Mohamed , Moumni Marwa , Dongiovanni Enza , Zohra Rekad Fatma , Cooke David E. L. , Pane Antonella , Cacciola Santa O. , Ristaino Jean B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLate blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a disease of potato and tomato of worldwide relevance and is widespread throughout Europe and the Mediterranean region. While pathogen populations in northern Europe have been sampled and characterized for many years, the genetic structure of populations from southern Europe, including Italy, has been less studied. Between 2018 and 2019, we collected 91 samples of P. infestans from potato and tomato crops in Italy, Algeria, and Tunisia on FTA cards and genotyped them using 12‐plex microsatellites. These samples were compared to genotypes of P. infestans previously collected within the framework of the EuroBlight network and from published sources. Four clonal lineages were identified: 13_A2 (Blue 13), 2_A1, 23_A1, and 36_A2. Two other isolates collected could not be matched to any currently known clonal lineage. The 13_A2 and 36_A2 lineages were found exclusively in southern Italy and Algeria, while 2_A1 was only found in Algeria. This is the first report of the 36_A2 lineage in Italy. Two isolates from Solanum nigrum were 13_A2, suggesting this weed host could be a reservoir of inoculum. The 23_A1 lineage was found widely on infected tomato crops in Italy and is the same as the lineage US‐23 that is widespread in North America. Differences in genotypes across the country suggests that there may be different sources of introduction into Italy, possibly via infected seed tubers from other countries in Europe, tubers for consumption from North Africa, or tomatoes.
Shaker dance and the religious production of spectacle
Authors: Logan Dana W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReligious communities such as the Shakers, the Mormons, and Africana religious practitioners practice spectacular religion. Ritual spectacle is particularly visible and thus invites observation from outsiders. My argument follows recent work by David Walker and Paul C. Johnson that illustrates religious traditions in which religion was practiced in collaboration with an anticipated audience. Religious spectacle is not unusual: there are religions who put on shows for one another and who have a place for theater within their religious community. On the other hand, there are religions that make a spectacle of themselves for others, a category that overlaps substantially with groups categorized through the disciplinary frame of New Religious Movements. Scholarship on non‐normative religion has, however, underestimated the way in which religions that invite negative attention incorporate the hostile gaze of audiences into their rituals. By thinking about particular religious practices as performances for an audience, I argue that Shakers, Mormons, and Africana traditions used the power of observation for spiritual purposes.
Why de‐judicialize? Explaining state preferences on judicialization in World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body and Investor‐to‐State Dispute Settlement reforms
Authors: Basedow Johann Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractJudicialization scholarship suggests that states must seek the de‐judicialization of international dispute settlement mechanisms to regain regulatory space. Why then do some states seek a de‐judicialization yet others increased judicialization of dispute settlement mechanisms in their pursuit of regulatory space? This article advances a twofold argument. First, the concept of judicialization has been erroneously conflated with state perceptions of regulatory space under dispute settlement mechanisms. States aspiring to consolidate regulatory space may pursue de‐judicialization and increased judicialization alike. Second, states' preferences for de‐judicialization or increased judicialization to regain regulatory space should largely depend on conceptions of legitimate international law as either intergovernmental contracts or cosmopolitan quasi‐constitutional order. The article illustrates these arguments at the example of US and EU efforts to reform the Dispute Settlement Body of the World Trade Organization and investor‐to‐state dispute settlement. Both seek to increase regulatory space. Yet, the USA pursues de‐judicialization while the EU promotes judicialization.
Birth Collapse and a Large‐Scale Access Intervention with Subdermal Contraceptive Implants
Authors: Ceni Rodrigo , Parada Cecilia , Perazzo Ivone , Sena Eliana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBetween 2016 and 2018, we observe in Uruguay a steep decline of almost 20 percent in the number of total births, leading to the collapse of the adolescent fertility rate after decades of relative stagnation. We estimate the quantitative contribution on birth rates, especially teen births, of a policy of expanded availability of subdermal contraceptive implants. We exploit the expansion schedule of a large‐scale policy of free‐of‐charge access to subdermal implants in the country's public health system through an event study to capture causal effects. We use detailed birth administrative records for the past 20 years. We document an average reduction of 3 percent in the birth rate in public health facilities across the two years after the policy was implemented in each department. These reductions were notably higher among teens and first births. Although changes in women's fertility decisions are a multicausal phenomenon, we claim that the expanded availability of subdermal contraceptive implants accounted for one‐third of the teen and young women's birth collapse.
A Novel High Concentration Fresnel Lens as a Solar Concentrator
Authors: Awasthi Kuldeep , Reddy Desireddy Shashidhar , Khan Mohd. Kaleem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the design methodology for a novel Fresnel lens. The original Fresnel lens is obtained from a plano-convex lens, whose spherical surface is split into a number of divisions (called facets), collapsed onto the flat base. Thus, all the facets of the original Fresnel lens have the same radius as that of the plano-convex lens. The proposed design aims to achieve better ray concentration and reduced spherical aberration than the original Fresnel lens by constructing spherical facets with unequal radii. The centers and radii of facets are constrained so that the ray refracted from the bottom vertex of each facet on one side of the optical axis and the ray refracted from the outer vertex of the corresponding facet on the other side of the optical axis must intersect at the focal plane. The proposed lens design has resulted in a 275% gain in the concentration ratio and a 72.5% reduction in the spherical aberration compared to the original lens of the same aperture diameter and number of facets. The performance of both novel and original Fresnel lenses when used as solar concentrators with a conical coil receiver is evaluated. The novel Fresnel lens led to increased heat gain and resulted in a compact solar collector design.
Bézier curves as a total approach to measure the upper lid contour: redefining clinical outcomes in palpebral surgery
Authors: Huelin Fernando J , Sales-Sanz Marco , Ye-Zhu Cristina , Cruz Antonio Augusto V , Muñoz-Negrete Francisco J , Rebolleda Gema 
Published: August 2021

AimsTo define and quantify the upper lid contour by adapting Bézier curves with a newly developed software in normal subjects, assessing their reliability.MethodsFifty eyes of 50 healthy patients with no ocular pathology were included in this study from October 2020 to November 2020. All measurements were performed on Bézier curves adjusted to the upper lid contour. An original software was used to measure the radial and vertical midpupil-to-lid margin distances (MPLD), temporal-to-nasal (T/N) ratios, contour peak location and grade of superposition (GS) and asymmetry (GA) indexes. We calculated differences in the variables measured regarding age, gender or the side of the eye being assessed.ResultsThe mean Bézier curve showed an excellent level of inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99). The median GS index of each eyelid to the mean Bézier curve was 95.4%, 8.5 IQR, and the median GA index was 3%, 3.4 IQR. The mean contour peak location was −0.35 mm, SD 0.45. Overall, the mean central MPLD was 4.1 mm, SD 0.6. No significant differences were found between male and female patients in variables derived from Bézier curves.ConclusionBézier curves may become a very useful tool for the assessment of upper lid contour, contour peak and symmetry. GS and GA indexes, along with the T/N area ratio are potential outcomes for this purpose. All current variables can be obtained just from one single Bézier curve measurement. Our results offer an in-depth exhaustive description of these variables and their distribution in the normal population.
Public awareness and influencing factors regarding hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Chongqing municipality and Chengdu City, China: a cross-sectional study with community residents
Authors: Li Tingting , Wang Ruoxi , Zhao Yong , Su Shu , Zeng Huan 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveHepatitis B and hepatitis C cause a heavy disease burden in China. This paper aims to investigate the public’s knowledge on hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Chongqing municipality and Chengdu City, China.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to April 2017.SettingTwo communities from Chongqing and Chengdu were involved in this study.ParticipantsData from 928 community residents were analysed.OutcomeDemographic characteristics, knowledge on hepatitis B and hepatitis C and sources of hepatitis knowledge were obtained from questionnaires. The participants’ scores ranged from 0 to 24, and a test score about more than 14.4 (60% of the total score) was defined as sufficient knowledge.ResultsAmong the participants, only 36.10% presented sufficient knowledge on hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and about 40% were unaware of the two antidiscrimination policies in China. The sources of information about hepatitis were mainly from doctors and the internet. Unmarried individuals, people with secondary education and above and those with an annual income above US$2108 tended to exhibit a higher level of knowledge on hepatitis B and hepatitis C.ConclusionsThe community members demonstrated limited awareness and level of knowledge on hepatitis B and hepatitis C, particularly in relation to the antidiscrimination policies. Extensive health education should be provided to the public, particularly to those with low educational status and income.
Prevalence of cleft lip and/or cleft palate in Guangdong province, China, 2015–2018: a spatio-temporal descriptive analysis
Authors: Zhu Yingxian , Miao Huazhang , Zeng Qinghui , Li Bing , Wang Degang , Yu Xiaolin , Wu Haisheng , Chen Yuliang , Guo Pi , Liu Fenghua 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the temporal and spatial characteristics of cleft lip and/or palate based on a large-scale birth defect monitoring database.MethodsData on perinatal infants and children with cleft lip and/or palate defects from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018 in Guangdong province of China were collected. The variables including the demographic data, basic family information (address, education level, etc.), the infant’s birth weight, gender and other basic parameters were collected and analysed.ResultsDuring the study period, the prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate was 7.55 per 10 000 perinatal infants. The prevalence of cleft lip, cleft palate and cleft lip and palate were 2.34/10 000, 2.22/10 000 and 2.98/10 000, respectively. The prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate showed a pronounced downward trend, reducing from 8.47/10 000 in 2015 to 6.51/10 000 in 2018. We observed spatial heterogeneity of prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate across the study period in Guangdong. In the Pearl River Delta region, the overall prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate was 7.31/10 000, while the figure (7.86/10 000) was slightly higher in the non-Pearl River Delta region (p<0.05). Concerning infant gender, the prevalence was in general higher in boys than girls (p<0.05). In addition, the higher prevalence was more common in mothers older than 35 years old. For the birth season, infants born in spring tended to have a higher prevalence than those born in other seasons, regardless of the prevalence of cleft lip and palate calculated separately or jointly (p<0.05). The majority of newborns with cleft lip and palate were accompanied by other birth defects.ConclusionThis study contributes a better understanding of the characteristics of spatio-temporal trends for birth defects of cleft lip and/or palate in south China.
Correlates of intended COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across time and countries: results from a series of cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Kerr John R , Schneider Claudia R , Recchia Gabriel , Dryhurst Sarah , Sahlin Ullrika , Dufouil Carole , Arwidson Pierre , Freeman Alexandra LJ , van der Linden Sander 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveDescribe demographical, social and psychological correlates of willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.SettingSeries of online surveys undertaken between March and October 2020.ParticipantsA total of 25 separate national samples (matched to country population by age and sex) in 12 different countries were recruited through online panel providers (n=25 334).Primary outcome measuresReported willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccination.ResultsReported willingness to receive a vaccine varied widely across samples, ranging from 63% to 88%. Multivariate logistic regression analyses reveal sex (female OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.64), trust in medical and scientific experts (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.34) and worry about the COVID-19 virus (OR=1.47, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.53) as the strongest correlates of stated vaccine acceptance considering pooled data and the most consistent correlates across countries. In a subset of UK samples, we show that these effects are robust after controlling for attitudes towards vaccination in general.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the burden of trust largely rests on the shoulders of the scientific and medical community, with implications for how future COVID-19 vaccination information should be communicated to maximise uptake.
Codesigning consumer engagement strategies with ethnic minority consumers in Australian cancer services: the CanEngage Project protocol
Authors: Harrison Reema , Walton Merrilyn , Manias Elizabeth , Wilson Carlene , Girgis Afaf , Chin Melvin , Leone Desiree , Seale Holly , Smith Allan Ben , Chauhan Ashfaq 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionConsumer engagement is central to high-quality cancer service delivery and is a recognised strategy to minimise healthcare-associated harm. Strategies developed to enhance consumer engagement specifically in relation to preventing healthcare harm include questioning health professionals, raising concerns about possible mistakes or risks in care and encouraging patients and caregivers to report suspected errors. Patients from ethnic minority backgrounds are particularly vulnerable to unsafe care, but current engagement strategies have not been developed specifically for (and with) this population. Using an adapted approach to experience-based codesign (EBCD) to support the target population, the aim of the project is to codesign consumer engagement interventions to increase consumer engagement and safety in New South Wales and Victorian cancer inpatient, outpatient and day procedure services.Methods and analysisA mixed-method project will be undertaken at six study sites. Our EBCD approach includes a preparatory phase in which we will provide training and support to the codesign participants, in addition to recruiting and training consumer cofacilitators for the codesign workshops. The project will follow the EBCD process of gathering and synthesising observational data from each cancer service, with interview data from consumers and staff. With the resulting in-depth understanding of the safety threats commonly experienced by ethnic minority consumers in each site, we will work through feedback events and codesign groups with consumers and staff to determine how they can be more involved with their care to minimise the potential for patient harm. Consumer engagement interventions will be coproduced in each of the six participating services that are tailored to the ethnic minority populations served.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee. The project will provide strategies for ethnic minority consumers to engage with cancer services to minimise healthcare-associated harm that may be applied to diverse healthcare settings.