bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEJARAH BENTENG LAPADI DI PAMANDATI KECAMATAN LAINEA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN: 1908-1911
Authors: Abdiansyah Muhammad Aswad , Hisna Hisna , Alim Abdul 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan proses pendirian Benteng Lapadi di Desa Pamandati Kecamatan Lainea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan pada tahun 1900, (2) menjelaskan latar belakang penamaan Benteng Lapadi oleh masyarakat Desa Pamandati, (3) menjelaskan fungsi Benteng Lapadi pada periode 1900-1942. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode sejarah dengan melalui lima tahapan-tahapan kerja sebagai berikut (1) Pemilihan topik, (2) Heuristik sumber, (3) Kritik sumber, (4) Interpretasi sumber, (5) Historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Proses pendirian Benteng Lapadi oleh Lapadi dan masyarakat ini berkaitan dengan reaksi yang dilakukan oleh Lapadi atas penolakan untuk melakukan hubungan kerja sama antara Belanda dengan Raja Sao-Sao. (2) Keberadaan Benteng Lapadi sampai saat ini masih dalam bentuk aslinya hanya saja sebagian dindingnya telah lapuk disebabkan oleh proses waktu yang sangat lama. Selain itu benteng ini juga kelilingi oleh rumput-rumput liar akibat kurangnya perhatian dari masyarakat dan pemerintah dalam melakukan pelestarian situs peninggalan bersejarah ini. (3) Benteng Lapadi pada Periode 1900-1942 memiliki fungsi dan peran sebagai tempat persembunyian, tempat untuk merancang taktik gerilya serta tempat bermukim. Benteng Lapadi juga digunakan sebagai simbol perlawanan terhadap Kerajaan Laiwoi yang melakukan kerja sama politik dengan pihak Belanda.
Role of Immune Cell-Specific Hypermethylation Signatures in Classification and Risk Stratification of Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Yong , Xia Fada , Jiang Bo , Wang Wenlong , Li Xinying 
Published: August 2021

Background: Epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, plays a major role in shaping the identity and function of immune cells. Innate and adaptive immune cells recruited into tumor tissues contribute to the formation of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which is closely involved in tumor progression in breast cancer (BC). However, the specific methylation signatures of immune cells have not been thoroughly investigated yet. Additionally, it remains unknown whether immune cells-specific methylation signatures can identify subgroups and stratify the prognosis of BC patients.Methods: DNA methylation profiles of six immune cell types from eight datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus were collected to identify immune cell-specific hypermethylation signatures (IC-SHMSs). Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were performed using BC data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify the prognostic value of these IC-SHMSs. An unsupervised clustering analysis of the IC-SHMSs with prognostic value was performed to categorize BC patients into subgroups. Multiple Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to explore the role of IC-SHMSs and their relationship to clinical characteristics in the risk stratification of BC patients. Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was performed to determine whether the improvement of IC-SHMSs on clinical characteristics in risk stratification was statistically significant.Results: A total of 655 IC-SHMSs of six immune cell types were identified. Thirty of them had prognostic value, and 10 showed independent prognostic value. Four subgroups of BC patients, which showed significant heterogeneity in terms of survival prognosis and immune landscape, were identified. The model incorporating nine IC-SHMSs showed similar survival prediction accuracy as the clinical model incorporating age and TNM stage [3-year area under the curve (AUC): 0.793 vs. 0.785; 5-year AUC: 0.735 vs. 0.761]. Adding the IC-SHMSs to the clinical model significantly improved its prediction accuracy in risk stratification (3-year AUC: 0.897; 5-year AUC: 0.856). The results of IDI validated the statistical significance of the improvement (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: Our study suggests that IC-SHMSs may serve as signatures of classification and risk stratification in BC. Our findings provide new insights into epigenetic signatures, which may help improve subgroup identification, risk stratification, and treatment management.
A Cost-Efficient RGB Laser-Based Visible Light Communication System by Incorporating Hybrid Wavelength and Polarization Division Multiplexing Schemes
Authors: Xiang-Peng CAI 
Published: August 2021

Visible light communication (VLC) has been proven a promising technology to counter the limitations of radio frequency (RF) communication technology such as high interference and high latency issues. VLC offers high bandwidth as well as immunity to interference from other electromagnetic spectrums. Due to these features, VLC can be an excellent solution for biomedical and healthcare applications for transmission of body sensor signals and other crucial patient information. In this work, a highly efficient VLC system is designed to transmit six channels, with each one carrying 10 Gbps of data, over a 500 m optical fiber link and a 200 cm VLC link. To make the VLC system cost effective, simple and efficient on-off keying (OOK) (non-return to zero) is used as the encoding scheme. Moreover, to further enhance the capacity and bandwidth of the proposed VLC system, hybrid wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and polarization division multiplexing (PDM) schemes are incorporated by using red, green, and blue lasers. The reported results show the successful transmission of all channels (6 × 10 Gbps) over 500 m optical fiber and 200 cm of VLC link.
Overexpression of the adeB Efflux Pump Gene in Tigecycline-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates and Its Inhibition by (+)Usnic Acid as an Adjuvant
Authors: Bankan Nagaraju , Koka Fathimunnisa , Vijayaraghavan Rajagopalan , Basireddy Sreekanth Reddy , Jayaraman Selvaraj 
Published: August 2021

Acinetobacter species are among the most life-threatening Gram-negative bacilli, causing hospital-acquired infections, and they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. They show multidrug resistance that acts via various mechanisms. In Acinetobacter baumannii, efflux pump-mediated resistance to many antimicrobial compounds, including tigecycline, has been widely reported. Natural compounds have been used for their various pharmacological properties, including anti-efflux pump activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the efflux pump-mediated resistance mechanism of Acinetobacter baumannii and the effect of (+)Usnic acid as an efflux pump inhibitor with tigecycline. For detecting the efflux pump activity of tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, microbroth dilution method and real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was used. (+)Usnic acid was added to tigecycline and tested by the checkerboard method to evaluate its efficacy as an efflux pump inhibitor. qRT-PCR analysis was carried out to show the downregulation of the efflux pump in the isolates. Out of 42 tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, 19 showed efflux pump activity. All 19 strains expressed the adeB gene. (+)Usnic acid as an adjuvant showed better efficacy in lowering the minimum inhibitory concentration compared with the conventional efflux pump inhibitor, carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone.
Energy Consumption for Uniform Movement of the Upper Parts of Plants between the Upper Conveyor Belt and the Deck
Authors: Николаев В.А. , Гумённый В.В. , Генералов В.А. 
Published: August 2021

Комбайн, который производил бы выделение зёрен из колосьев методом вытирания, имеет два варианта исполнения устройства для извлечения зёрен из колосьев: с декой, совершающей колебания, и с неподвижной декой. Рассмотрено выделение зёрен из колосьев при неподвижной деке. Перемещение верхних частей растений между лентой верхнего транспортёра и декой включает два этапа. На первом этапе происходит ускорение колосьев, на втором – их равномерное движение. Рассмотрена схема воздействия на колос ленты верхнего транспортёра и деки в начале её равномерного перемещения на прямолинейном участке деки. Определены силы воздействия зерновки на деку и реакции деки. Проанализированы эпюры напряжений, возникающих в колосе от воздействия на колос ленты верхнего транспортёра и деки. Установлено, что напряжения, возникающие в связи зерновок с основанием колоса достаточны для извлечения зерновок из колоса. Выявлено общее максимальное усилие воздействия деки на все колосья, исходя из которого можно произвести расчёт на прочность элементов деки. Вычислено давление рабочей жидкости в гидроцилиндрах поддержки жёлоба, обеспечиваемое гидропневмоаккумулятором. В результате расчётов определены затраты энергии на равномерное перемещение верхних частей растений в промежутке между лентой верхнего транспортёра и декой.
The combine, which would extract grains from the ears by grinding method, has two versions of the device for extracting grains from the ears: with a deck making vibrations and with a fixed deck. Grain extraction from ears at fixed deck is considered. The movement of the upper parts of plants between the belt of the upper conveyor and the deck includes two stages. At the first stage the ears accelerate, at the second – their uniform movement takes place. The scheme of influence on the ear of the upper conveyor belt and the deck at the beginning of its uniform movement on the linear part of the deck was considered. The forces of bruchid weevil effect on the deck and reaction of the deck were determined. Stress diagrams arising in the ear from the impact on the ear of the upper conveyor belt and deck were analyzed. It has been found that the stresses arising in connection of the bruchid weevils with the base of the ear are sufficient to extract the bruchid weevils from the ear. The total maximum impact force of the deck on all ears was revealed, based on which it is possible to calculate the strength of the deck elements. Working fluid pressure in gutter support hydraulic cylinders provided by hydro-pneumatic accumulator was calculated. As a result of the calculations, the energy consumption for the uniform movement of the upper parts of plants in the interval between the upper conveyor belt and the deck were determined.
Implikasi Gaya Pembelajaran Koperatif Subjek Sains Bagi Murid Tahap Dua di Sekolah Kebangsaan Bandar Baru Rawang
Authors: Abdul Rahim Nadia , Meor Fadzir Nor Aqilah , Zaimal Nur Adilah Hani , Arias Yahaya Firli Fairulyzan , Zainol Zatul Iffah , Husin Mohd Razimi 
Published: August 2021

Kajian ini adalah sebuah kajian bagi meneroka ekologi pendidikan secara spesifik. Di mana, kajian ini adalah berfokuskan kepada Implikasi Gaya Pembelajaran Koperatif dalam Stimulus Sosial terhadap pembelajaran subjek Sains. Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitatif yang bercirikan Kajian Kes. Kajian ini telah dijalankan di salah sebuah sekolah rendah di kawasan Rawang, Selangor. Responden yang terlibat dalam kajian ini adalah seorang Guru Sains, yang berpengalaman mengajar selama 16 tahun. Proses perolehan data pula, diperolehi melalui sesi temu bual bersama responden melalui kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur. Instrumen kajian yang digunakan adalah 10 soalan temu bual yang dirangka selari dengan persoalan kajian. Dapatan kajian yang diperoleh, menjelaskan bahawa, gaya pembelajaran koperatif dapat menarik minat serta pemahaman murid tahap dua dalam mata pelajaran Sains. Malah ia dapat menampilkan ciri ciri murid yang memenuhi kehendak aspirasi pendidikan negara. Ini adalah kerana, kemahiran komunikasi dan interaksi, kemahiran berfikir secara kreatif dan kritis, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, kemahiran bekerja dalam kumpulan, kemahiran bersosial dan nilai-nilai sosial serta kepimpinan dapat diterapkan secara tidak langsung dalam pelaksanaan pengajaran dan pembelajaran koperatif.
Implications of Cooperative Learning Style of Science Subjects for Level Two Students in Sekolah Kebangsaan Bandar Baru Rawang
Abstract: This study is a study to explore the ecology of education specifically. Where, this study is focused on the Implications of Cooperative Learning Style in Social Stimulus on the learning of Science subjects. This study is a qualitative study characterized by a Case Study. This study was conducted in one of the primary schools in Rawang, Selangor. The respondent involved in this study was a Science Teacher, with 16 years of teaching experience. The data acquisition process, on the other hand, was obtained through an interview session with the respondents through a semi -structured interview method. The research instrument used was 10 interview questions designed in parallel with the research questions. The findings of the study, explain that, cooperative learning style can attract the interest and understanding of level two students in the subject of Science. In fact, it can feature the characteristics of students who meet the needs of the country's educational aspirations. This is because, communication and interaction skills, creative and critical thinking skills, problem solving skills, group work skills, social skills and social values as well as leadership can be applied indirectly in the implementation of cooperative teaching and learning.
Keywords: Learning Implications, 21st Century Learning, Cooperative Learning.
MODELING, ANALYSIS AND COUNTERING THE SCENARIOS OF PREPARING COMPUTER ATTACKS IN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Authors: Сердечный Алексей Леонидович , Пустовалов Никита Сергеевич , Тарелкин Михаил Андреевич , Дешина Анна Евгеньевна 
Published: August 2021

Цель проведённых исследований заключалась в формализации действий нарушителя, совершаемых в ходе подготовки компьютерной атаки как основного этапа, на котором можно оказать противодействие нарушителю до того, как защищаемой системе будет нанесён ущерб. В настоящей статье представлены результаты разработки модели сети Петри для этапа подготовки к компьютерной атаке в распределенных компьютерных системах. Модель учитывает причинно-следственные связи между действиями нарушителя, а также условиями и последствиями реализации таких действий. Наличие таких связей позволяет определять сценарии подготовки компьютерных атак в зависимости от структурных и функциональных особенностей объекта защиты и модели нарушителя. Разработанная модель может быть использована в качестве исходных данных при моделировании угроз безопасности информации в части определения способов, используемых нарушителем при выборе объекта атаки, а также в ходе получения необходимых ресурсов для её совершения. Также в настоящей статье продемонстрирована возможность моделирования мер защиты, затрудняющих реализацию сценария к атаке.
The purpose of the research was to formalize the actions of the violator committed during the preparation of a computer attack as the main stage at which it is possible to counteract the violator before the protected system is damaged. This article presents the results of the development of a Petri net model for the preparation stage for a computer attack in distributed computer systems. The model takes into account the causal relationships between the actions of the violator, as well as the conditions and consequences of the implementation of such actions. The presence of such links allows you to determine the scenarios for preparing computer attacks, depending on the structural and functional features of the object of protection and the model of the intruder. The developed model can be used as a source data for modeling information security threats in terms of determining the methods used by the violator when choosing the object of the attack, as well as in the course of obtaining the necessary resources for its commission. This article also demonstrates the possibility of modeling security measures that make it difficult to implement a scenario for an attack.
Penerapan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Final terhadap Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) berdasarkan PP No 23 Tahun 2018 pada Wilayah Kerja Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Depok
Authors: Dariansyah Deddy 
Published: August 2021

Dengan dikeluarkannya Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 23 Tahun 2018 tentang Pajak Final yang khusus diberlakukan bagi pelaku usaha kecil menengah dan usaha tertentu, yang memiliki penghasilan bruto Rp 4,8 miliar dalam satu tahun. tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah penulis ingin meneliti apakah penerapan Pajak Penghasilan (PPH) Final dengan tarif 0,5 % terhadap usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah pada Kota Depok sudah sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah No 23 tahun 2018. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini secara kualitatif dengan observasi dan wawancara dengan menganalisis laporan keuangan distributor makanan dan minuman atas Pajak Penghasilan Final bruto dengan tarif 0.5 % pada tahun 2020, telah sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah No 23 tahun 2018 mengenakan tarif PPH Final 0,5% setiap bulannya. Pada bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan Juni adanya kenaikan pendapatan bertepatan dengan bulan puasa Ramadan, setelah akhir bulan Juli pendapatan menurun lagi dengan berakhirnya hari raya Idu Fitri, setelah dilakukan analisa dan perhitungan berdasarkan laporan keuangan maka pendapatannya tidak melebihi Rp4.800.000.000 dalam satu tahun. Wajib Pajak bisa mendapatkan tarif Pajak Penghasilan final atas penghasilan kategori peredaran tertentu.
Perataan Laba Ditinjau dari Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Kompensasi Bonus dan Pajak
Authors: Amin Asbi , Pahyasah M.Badri , Anugrah D Magfirah , Murdi Andriani 
Published: August 2021

Abstrak
Peneliti ingin menguji perataan laba dipengaruhi oleh profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, kompensasi bonus dan pajak. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan pendekatan time series yang dikumpulkan melalui website resmi perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang yang terdaftar di BEI dan di analisis melalui regresi liner berganda. Populasi penelitian adalah laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang konsumtif yang terdaftar di BEI sebanyak 50 perusahaan dengan teknik sampel purposive sampling yaitu laporan keuangan dari perusahaan yang konsisten dengan kelengkapan data periode 2018 dan 2019 sehingga menjadi 38 laporan keuangan perusahaan dengan data 2 tahun sehingga total sampel menjadi 76 data laporan keuangan. Penelitian menemukan bahwa profitabilitas negatif dan signifikan terhadap perataan laba, sementara ukuran perusahaan, kompensasi bonus dan pajak berpengaruh positif terhadap perataan laba.
Kata Kunci: Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Kompensasi Bonus, Pajak, Perataan Laba.
Abstract
Researchers want to test income smoothing is influenced by profitability, company size, bonus compensation and taxes. The data used is secondary data with a time series approach which is collected through the official website of manufacturing companies in the goods industry sector listed on the IDX and analyzed through multiple linear regression. The research population is the financial statements of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector that are listed on the IDX as many as 50 companies with purposive sampling technique, namely financial reports from companies that are consistent with the completeness of data for the 2018 and 2019 periods so that it becomes 38 company financial reports with 2 years of data so that the total sample to 76 financial statement data. The results of the study found that profitability was negative and significant on income smoothing, while company size, bonus compensation and taxes had a positive effect on income smoothing.
Keywords: Profitability, Company Size, Bonus Compensation, Taxes, Income Smoothing.
Predicting Spectral Parameters in the Backscattering-dominated Model for the Prompt Phase of GRBs
Authors: Vyas Mukesh K. , Pe’er Asaf , Eichler David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present new results of the backscattering-dominated prompt emission model in which the photons generated through pair annihilation at the center of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) are backscattered through Compton scattering by an outflowing stellar cork. Using a Comptonized pair annihilation spectrum accompanied by bremsstrahlung radiation for seed photons, we show that the obtained spectra produce a low-energy photon index in the range α ∼ −1.95 to −1.1, steeper high-energy slopes β ∼ −3.5 to −2.4, and spectral peak energies approximately a few KeV to a few tens of MeV. These findings are consistent with the values covered in GRB prompt phase observations.
Contribuição de um software livre para o desenvolvimento do raciocínio e memorização de resultados com operações matemáticas simples
Authors: Costa Júlio Resende 
Published: August 2021

A proposta detalhada neste estudo levou os alunos a experimentarem uma alternativa de trabalhar cálculos matemáticos com o apoio do computador. O estudo analisou a utilização do software Tux of Math Command, do Linux Educacional 5.0, em atividades matemáticas com alunos do 4º ano do ensino fundamental e verificar, por meio de um modelo estatístico, se o aplicativo contribui para agilizar o raciocínio dos estudantes e se colabora para a memorização dos resultados da multiplicação simples com o algarismo 5. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa desenvolvida em uma escola pública localizada no estado de Minas Gerais. O universo da pesquisa foi composto por vinte e dois alunos. Os dados foram coletados por meio da observação não participante e anotações no diário de campo. Observou-se que, à medida que os alunos retomavam os cálculos, a quantidade de acertos aumentava paulatinamente, enquanto o tempo dispensado para a resolução dos cálculos diminuía gradativamente. Constatou-se que a utilização do software contribuiu para desenvolver o raciocínio dos alunos e ampliar a memorização dos resultados com operações matemáticas simples. O software analisado é mais adequado às crianças que apresentam estilos de aprendizagem visual e cinestésico.
The purpose detailed in this study sought to lead students to experience a alternative to work mathematics supported on computer use. The study analyzed the use of the Tux of Math Command software, from Linux Educacional 5.0, in mathematical activities with students of the 4th grade of elementary school, and verify through a statistical model, if the application helps to speeding up students reasoning and if collaborates to memorize the results of simple multiplication with number 5. This is a quantitative research developed in a public school located in the located in the midwest of Minas Gerais State. The universe research was composed of twenty-two students. The data they were collected through observation not participant and notes in field diary. It was observed that as the students resumed the calculations, the number of correct answers increased gradually, while the time used in solving the calculations gradually decreased. It was found that the use of the software contributed to develop students' thinking and setting the results of operations simple math. This analysis software is best suited to children with styles of visual and kinesthetic learning.