bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operando XAFS investigation on the effect of ash deposition on three-way catalyst used in gasoline particulate filters and the effect of the manufacturing process on the catalytic activity
Authors: Panchal Monik , Callison June , Skukauskas Vainius , Gianolio Diego , Cibin Giannantonio , York Andrew P E , Schuster Manfred E , Hyde Timothy I , Collier Paul , Catlow C Richard A , Gibson Emma K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Platinum group metals such as palladium and rhodium based catalysts are currently being implemented in gasoline particulate filter (GPF) autoexhaust after treatment systems. However, little is known about how the trapped particulate matter, such as the incombustible ash, interacts with the catalyst and so may affect its performance. This operando study follows the evolution of the Pd found in two different model GPF systems: one containing ash components extracted from a GPF and another from a catalyst washcoat prior to adhesion onto the GPF. We show that the catalytic activity of the two systems vary when compared with a 0 g ash containing GPF. Compared to the 0 g ash sample the 20 g ash containing sample had a higher CO light off temperature, in addition, an oscillation profile for CO, CO2 and O2 was observed, which is speculated to be a combination of CO oxidation, C deposition via a Boudouard reaction and further partial oxidation of the deposited species to CO. During the ageing procedure the washcoat sample reduces NO at a lower temperature than the 0 g ash sample. However, post ageing the 0 g ash sample recovers and both samples reduce NO at 310 °C. In comparison, the 20 g ash GPF sample maintains a higher NO reduction temperature of 410 °C post ageing, implying that the combination of high temperature ageing and presence of ash has an irreversible negative effect on catalyst performance.
The 2021 ultrafast spectroscopic probes of condensed matter roadmap
Authors: Lloyd-Hughes J , Oppeneer P M , Pereira dos Santos T , Schleife A , Meng S , Sentef M A , Ruggenthaler M , Rubio A , Radu I , Murnane M , Shi X , Kapteyn H , Stadtmüller B , Dani K M , da Jornada F H , Prinz E , Aeschlimann M , Milot R L , Burdanova M , Boland J , Cocker T , Hegmann F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the 60 years since the invention of the laser, the scientific community has developed numerous fields of research based on these bright, coherent light sources, including the areas of imaging, spectroscopy, materials processing and communications. Ultrafast spectroscopy and imaging techniques are at the forefront of research into the light–matter interaction at the shortest times accessible to experiments, ranging from a few attoseconds to nanoseconds. Light pulses provide a crucial probe of the dynamical motion of charges, spins, and atoms on picosecond, femtosecond, and down to attosecond timescales, none of which are accessible even with the fastest electronic devices. Furthermore, strong light pulses can drive materials into unusual phases, with exotic properties. In this roadmap we describe the current state-of-the-art in experimental and theoretical studies of condensed matter using ultrafast probes. In each contribution, the authors also use their extensive knowledge to highlight challenges and predict future trends.
Multipole decomposition
of the general luminosity distance Hubble law — a new framework
for observational cosmology
Authors: Heinesen Asta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present the luminosity distance series expansion to third order in redshift for a general space-time with no assumption on the metric tensor or the field equations prescribing it.
It turns out that the coefficients of this general Hubble law can be expressed in terms of a finite number of physically interpretable multipole coefficients. The multipole terms can be combined into effective direction dependent parameters replacing the Hubble constant, deceleration parameter, curvature parameter, and jerk parameter of the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) class of metrics.
Due to the finite number of multipole coefficients, the exact anisotropic Hubble law is given by 9, 25, 61 degrees of freedom in the 𝒪(z), 𝒪(z2), 𝒪(z3) vicinity of the observer respectively, where z:=redshift.
This makes possible model independent determination of dynamical degrees of freedom of the cosmic neighbourhood of the observer and direct testing of the FLRW ansatz.
We argue that the derived multipole representation of the general Hubble law provides a new framework with broad applications in observational cosmology.
New horizons of Space Qualification of Single-Walled Carbon Nano Tubes-Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite
Authors: Vartak Dhaval , Ghotekar Yogesh , Deshpande Nandini , Munjal B.S. , Bhatt Pina , Satyanarayana B. , Vyas K.B. , Lal A.K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The requirement of lightweight components for interplanetary missions explore the possibilities of the application of composite materials. Carbon Fibre Reinforced polymers (CFRP) are most practical and widely used in space industries. Enhancement of mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties by reinforcing CFRP with Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) is advantageous, considering the potential applications of such a modified CFRP material in space payload. CNT composites for space use opens new horizons to improve specific stiffness and electrical conductivity of the CFRP components without degrading the performance index. Composite characterization and space qualification are critical and essential, which demonstrate the capability of fulfilling functional as well as specific requirements for space. CNT Composites have to undergo severe environmental tests without degradation. This paper addresses the synthesis of CNT-CFRP composites, its Characterisation and Space Qualification aspects. Synthesis of CNT-CFRP sample with single-walled CNT (Ø1.6µm & L>5µm) 0.5%wt by solution mixing method is attempted. The characterization in terms of measurement of tensile strength, electrical resistivity, shielding effectiveness, thermal conductivity, Co-efficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is carried out. Limited Space qualification on samples and electroplated coupons has been carried out by conducting various environmental tests. The results indicate that CNT reinforced CFRP composites are a promising potential candidate for use in the space domain.
Comparative study on the aerodynamic performance of airfoil with boundary layer trip of various geometrical shapes
Authors: Sreejith B. K. , Sathyabhama A. , Sandeep Kumar S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Performance of small scale wind turbine (SSWT) and miniature aerial vehicles (MAV) is always effected with Laminar separation bubble. The problem of a laminar separation bubble on the upper surface of an E216 airfoil operated at low Reynolds number (Re=100000) is investigated numerically. Incompressible steady two-dimensional simulation is carried out with Transition γ − Reθ
turbulence model on the airfoil with a boundary layer trip (BLT). The performance of two different types of trips, namely, isosceles triangular (IT) and right-angled triangular (RA) is compared with that of the airfoil with a rectangular (RT) trip. The trip locations used are, 17% of the chord for location-1 and 10% of the chord for location-2 from the leading edge of the airfoil, while the trip heights selected are 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, and 1 mm. Results showed that the boundary layer trip significantly affected the laminar separation and improved the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil. Maximum improvement in drag by 17.41% and corresponding lift to drag ratio by 10.86% are obtained for the isosceles trip at location-2 for the angle of attack of 6°. There is no observable advantage for isosceles and right-angled triangular trips over rectangular trips. Considering the geometrical complexity in fabrication, the rectangular trip is recommended.
Conductivity tensor in semiconductor with the presence of a laser field and an electromagnetic wave field for the case of scattering on ionized impurities
Authors: Ngoc Hoang Van 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There are a lot of studies on semiconductors and in semiconductors also appear many dynamic effects, from the research results that have many applications in science and technology. Conductivity tensor is a familiar concept in physics in general and semiconductors in particular, but research on scattering on ionized impurities is still limited. This paper presents the influence of laser field and electromagnetic waves on conductivity tensor for the case of scattering on ionized impurities in semiconductor. The particle system is placed in an electromagnetic wave field and a laser field. Using quantum kinetic equations for electrons in semiconductor under the action of an electromagnetic wave field, a laser field, the conductivity tensor is calculated with case of scattering on ionized impurities. Conductivity tensor depends on the frequency of the laser field, the laser field amplitude, the electromagnetic wave frequency and typical parameters for semiconductor system. With different frequency bands, the dependence of tensor conductivity on the frequency is different, and the special conductivity tensor is strongly dependent on the amplitude of the laser field but depends very little on its frequency. The results will be plotted and discussed with GaAs semiconductor case and compared with studies for different scattering cases.
Analysis of Forced Convection heat transfer in laminar flow through a compact pipe filled with Nanofluids using CFD
Authors: Yaksha S J , Akash E , Sanjay U , Babali Balesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a Numerical investigation of developing laminar flows with forced convection through a compact circular pipe has been done using water-Al2O3 nano-fluid. Uniform heat flux (UHF) and the steady-state has been maintained at the wall in each model. Throughout the numerical experiments, Nano-fluid models were made by Alumina volume fraction and were processed under the Re=1050. A single-phase fluid model was determined by nano-fluid thermal and physical properties calculation, whereas the Two-phase model, i.e., granular mixture model was defined in 100nm diameter. The results show that the Al2O3 volume fraction increases, the heat transfer rate and Nusselt number increases. All the numerical simulations were developed in ANSYS FLUENT. The result displays the rise of thermal transfer from the volume fraction concentration.
Effective use of online Teaching-Learning Platform and MOOC for Virtual Learning
Authors: Yalagi Pratibha S. , Dixit Rashmi K. , Nirgude Manisha A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The process of Teaching-Learning has evolved tremendously within the last 5-10 years. The mode of teaching is changed from normal blackboard classroom teaching to technological teaching. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the education system has been disrupted especially; it affects more for Higher Educational Institutes where students have come from various regions. The immediate lockdown in the country made the outside students reach their homes without any prior knowledge of its effects. Most of the education sector has switched to distance learning. Our institute has also adopted Virtual Learning. Various virtual platforms are available as the Learning Management System. We have adopted the use of ICT in education for the last 3-4 years. This helped us to handle the Teaching-Learning during a pandemic outbreak. We have used Moodle Learning Management System for Virtual Learning. Learners Centric MOOCs (LCM) model is implemented through LMS and the effectiveness is improved by adding Feedback and Assessment to it. The LCM model consists of structural elements: Learning Dialogs (LeD) in the form of short 10 to 12 minutes Videos, Learning by Doing (LbD) in the form of an assignment question or activity to do, Learning Experience Interactions (LxI) in the form reflection spot and discussion on the video provided and Learning Extension Trajectories (LxT) in the form of a small quiz on the video and resources. The major challenge for Virtual Learning is learner’s engagement. We have added feedback to improve the teaching-learning process. The model is effectively applied for Third Year Computer Science and Engineering class. The course of Compiler Construction is taken in to account for the implementation. A total of 73 students were involved in this activity. The results of feedback from students are satisfactory. More than 83% of the learners have given positive feedback towards this technological change of teaching. Learner’s engagement has improved to 30%.
An Expert Health Care System Providing Recommendations.
Authors: Argiddi R V , Yaldandi R M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Today’s health information management system collects a huge quantity of healthcare data and information, that hold complex information related to patients and their medical conditions. In data mining, there has been an increase in the use of techniques on medical to determine usage patterns that are used in the analysis. Nowadays human disease is the main reason for human death, one person may suffer from more than one disease. This work is to predict disease by adding symptoms related to patients’ condition and behavior. In this developed system we enter symptoms, as per patients’ condition, the system analyzes symptoms and predicts diseases using data mining algorithm. The number of symptoms can be added in the search engine as per symptoms disease can be changed. This proposed work is developed to analyze the symptoms given by the user or patient for checking health condition, knowing their health conditions it predicts the disease without the need of a doctor, this work is implemented to save the time of patients’. This proposed system will not only predict the diseases also recommend the appropriate doctors from the doctor list based on a particular disease. In the existing system heart, kidney disease is predicted, whether the patient’s heart, kidney are healthy, or not using the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm. This system is developed for predicting the disease based on the patient’s symptoms by using a data mining algorithm.
Development and Characterization of AA2024/SiC/Gr/Fly ash Hybrid Composite
Authors: Kumar Anil , Goyal Kapil Kumar , Bhardwaj Arvind , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of hybrid composites now a days has been very attractive due to their light weight, low cost along with high strength to weight ratio. Lot of research is going on to develop the newer composites with improved mechanical, tribological and thermal properties. From the last two decades, Aluminium alloys have gained lot of attention owing to their practical usage and the ease of processing. Aluminium matrix composites are most versatile materials which has applications in advanced structure, aviation, marine and defence application due to their excellent properties. It is a known fact that stir casting is one of the economical method of fabrication of the metal matrix composite, moreover it is also easy to fabricate the composites by stir casting rather than other processes of fabrication. But, the quality of metal matrix composites being cast through stir casting route are highly dependent on the process parameters and achieving the homogenous distribution of reinforcement is a big challenge. In the present investigation, AA2024/SiC/Gr/flyash hybrid composites were fabricated with the stir casting technique (having reinforcement weight composition of SiC 10%, Graphite 5%, and fly ash 5%). The morphological characteristics of the developed Metal matrix composite (MMC) have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The uniform distribution of the reinforcement particles clearly depicts the development of homogeneous composite.
A review of process characteristics of plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminium alloy
Authors: Jadhav Priya , Bongale Arunkumar , Kumar Satish 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Plasma Electrolytic Method of Oxidation (PEMO ) is proved powerful for producing the wear and corrosion-resistant coating of the oxide layer for exclusive applications. This technique is having a better capability for industrial use for growing proactive coatings on material like Aluminium, Magnesium, Titanium for diverse application of lightweight and high temperature requirements applications. The paper consists of review of papers primarily based on the surface modification amendment method of plasma arc oxidation of aluminium and its alloy. Because the process characterized by the discharge generated by electrode, electrolyte composition and oxide coating morphology which might be crucial component for effectiveness of the technique. The purpose of the paper is to write the systematic review for electrodes, electrolyte compositions, and its effect in improving the characteristics of aluminium alloys. There is a large scope for enhancing the method and monitoring the electric parameters of PEMO for massive applications in regions of automotive wherein the modification in surfaces can replace the components by the lightweight aluminium alloy material. The attempt is made to pick the key elements inside the technique. The scope of designing numerous optimization algorithms and analytical modelling is a key area for further research which can help to screen the technique extra precisely to get an optimized coating microstructure.
Low Power Sub-threshold Domino AND Gate
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Vashishath Munish , Gupta Neeraj , Gupta Rashmi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A high performance digital system is the need of an hour, in the current scenario not only the area but the leakage power holds the key for the future devices. The development of handheld devices often gets restricted due to the limited power resources available in these devices. The conventional structure performs badly for these devices hence multiple design schemes like domino have surface for recent devices. The Domino logic circuits provide high speed operations in comparison to conventional structure. The problem of charge sharing, charge leakage in domino circuits results in improper output level which can be eliminated using Keeper and Pre-charge internal node technique. For achieving very low power all PMOS and NMOS transistors are conducted in sub threshold region. This paper has implemented ultra-low power Domino AND gate. Simulations has been done using Tanner 13 using 18u CMOS technology. A comparison has been carried out with different approaches available in literature and keeper circuit-based domino logic reveals least power consumption which makes it is suitable for ultra-low power devices.
A Review on Autonomous Remote Security and Mobile Surveillance Using Internet of Things
Authors: Diwakar Manoj , Sharma Kanika , Dhaundiyal Ravi , Bawane Sheetal , Joshi Kapil , Singh Prabhishek 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
From Generations, Security methods have always been improvised on the basis of modernisation of Technology. Now a day’s using man power for security have become less reliable as Humans can be manipulated using social/emotional hacking. Today most of the family members are employed and only the old aged members or toddlers of the family are left alone at home unattended and unguided. One of the best solutions to these problems is to use the things that are reliable and can’t be socially hacked. The primary aim that is achieved by this technology is to look after the unattended and other important activities. Problems like this can be handled by using IOT which involves Surveillance System, remote access, automated security systems, Cloud Computing and many more. Vast variety of problems can be solved by this technology. This can be used at personal level, organisational level or national level. This paper basically describes how Internet of things (i.e. Connecting multiple uncommon devices using internet and giving them instructions remotely as per required) can be used to achieve reliable high level security and can be used to make working simple and easy in some other important fields. IOT has limitless potential; it has the capacity to replace some previous technologies.
The synthesis of solid oxide fuel cell by electrolyte systems based Bi2O3 doped with Ho2O3,Dy2O3
Authors: Mustafa Mustafa Neamah , Kadhm Ameera Jawad , Abbas Israa Akram 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, Bi2O3couple system sample materials were synthesized using solid state reaction method sintering each of them. Structural and electrical properties of these electrolyte samples for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been evaluated by means of XRD, TG / DTA, SEM and four-probe method. In this work, (Bi2O3)1-x-y(Dy2O3)x(Ho2O3)y tenary systems have been investigated. As a result of XRD measurements, δ (cubic)-phase samples were obtained with a stable structure. As a results of electrical conductivity measurements, (Bi2O3)1-x-y(Dy2O3)x(Ho2O3)y tenary system, increase Dy2O3 molar ratio corresponds to a fixed molar ratio of Ho2O3 conductivity value falls was obtained.
A Vigorous Chaotic Function Based Image Authentication Structure
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Gandhi Vaibhav C. , Madhusudhana Subramanyam M. , Kumar Sarvesh , Aggarwal Sandeep , Tiwari Shivam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work framework request picture square size and tumultuous capacity control as a piece of information. Here this builds the adaptability and mix of a secret phrase. As the quality of a secret key relies upon number bits or characters. So proposed work store entire square as the mystery key of the client. For creating an alternate arrangement of pictures proposed work utilize tumultuous capacity where an alternate arrangement of muddling is feasible for a similar picture. The proposed plan will be usable anyplace and whenever with a low mistake rate just as a quicker outcome confirmation. This exposition work primarily centered around the snap-based methodology and mix with the proposed algorithmic disorderly approach. A test was done on a genuine arrangement of pictures and results that that proposed work has high join rate, low execution time when contrasted with past secret word creation calculation.
A multi-level method noise based image denoising using convolution neural network
Authors: Chakraborty Alakananda , Jindal Muskan , Bajal Eshan , Singh Prabhishek , Diwakar Manoj , Arya Chandrakala , Tripathi Amrendra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gaussian noise has been the bane of any and every denoising process under the sun. Being a very corrosive noise with huge disruptive potential, this has received much attention form the image restoration community. Building on the premise, a novel framework is proposed to leverage multi-level image denoising that iteratively removes gaussian noise while recovering details lost during processing. This framework uses existing deep learning based CNN systems whilst enhancing the same by the addition of method denoising to the process. This framework is habile in competing with state-of-the-art technologies and outperforming them in some cases.
An EPQ model with life-time items with multivariate demandwith markdown policy under shortages and inflation
Authors: Singh S. R. , Rani Monika 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Shortages are quite common in command economics and inflation is a regular increment in the price of services and goods in an economy over a span of time. In this paper we established an EPQ model with life-time items with multivariate demand with markdown policy under shortages and inflation. We also discover an inventory model that gives the best markdown time with shortages and inflation and at the same time maximize annual profit. An inventory model by using mathematical tools is developed. The numerical experiments together with sensitivity analysis for relevant parameter is provided to show the behaviour of model.