bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and onychoscopic features of histopathologically proven onychopapillomas and literature update
Authors: Starace Michela , Alessandrini Aurora , Ferrari Tiziano , Wong Vivian , Baraldi Carlotta , Piraccini Bianca Maria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOnychopapilloma is a benign tumor of the distal nail matrix and proximal nail bed with heterogeneous clinical presentations. It poses a diagnostic challenge because it could mimic subungual malignancies and inflammatory conditions. Clinical, onychoscopic, and histopathological clues play critical roles in diagnosis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of onychopapilloma cases collected over 10 years, and characterized the clinical, onychoscopic, and histopathological features of onychopapilloma at an academic institution.ResultsWe obtained 17 biopsy‐confirmed cases of onychopapilloma. Among our cases, we found manifestation of onychopapilloma as longitudinal erythronychia, longitudinal leukonychia, yellow‐brown chromonychia, and longitudinal melanonychia. Long longitudinal or short splinter hemorrhages may be present. Distal fissuring with V‐shaped notch, subungual keratotic mass, and onycholysis are other discernable features. Histopathological features include papillomatosis, epidermal hyperplasia, acanthosis of the distal nail bed, premature keratinization, matrix metaplasia, hyperkeratosis, and splinter hemorrhages; histopathological signs of malignancy were not observed in any of our cases.ConclusionsOnychopapilloma has polymorphic clinical and morphological features. Onychoscopic and histopathological studies are important to help exclude malignant mimickers. Consider onychopapilloma in the differential diagnoses of a monodactylous longitudinal streak in the nail, especially on the left thumb of an adult female.
Inequality in early life: Social class differences in childhood mortality in southern Sweden, 1815–1967
Authors: Dribe Martin , Karlsson Omar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the long‐term development of social class differences in infant and child mortality in an area of southern Sweden, spanning from the early stages of the mortality transition at the beginning of the nineteenth century, to the late 1960s when both infant and child mortality had reached very low levels. Our findings show that infant and child mortality was fairly equal at the beginning of the study period. We find no clear pattern of class differentials in childhood mortality in the first half of the nineteenth century when both infant and child mortality declined. Later in the nineteenth century, class differences started to emerge. This is clear for both post‐neonatal mortality and child mortality, while we do not find any class differences in neonatal mortality. Over time, a more or less full gradient emerged for post‐neonatal mortality, and a weak gradient also emerged for child mortality. Strikingly, the disadvantaged position for unskilled and lower‐skilled workers remained throughout the 1960s, also at a time when mortality levels were very low, and living standards had increased dramatically for all classes in the population.
Effect of Covariate Omission in Randomised Controlled Trials: A Review and Simulation Study
Authors: Ishii Ryota , Maruo Kazushi , Gosho Masahiko 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIn randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the allocated treatment group and covariates are expected to be independent. In the framework of the normal model, omitting covariates affects precision of the treatment effect estimator but does not yield bias in the estimator. However, when covariates are omitted, the treatment effect estimator has a bias in non‐normal models such as logistic and Cox models even in RCTs. Additionally, covariate omission in the accelerated failure time model and Poisson model causes a bias in the standard error (SE) estimator and yields an inflation of Type‐I error rate for the treatment effect. In this study, we reviewed the literature regarding the effect of covariate omission from the aspect of the bias and precision of treatment effect estimator, bias of SE estimator, and Type‐I error rate for these models assumed in RCTs. Furthermore, we conducted a simulation study in a wide variety of scenarios to evaluate the effect of covariate omission. Our literature review and simulation study provide a simple guide for consideration of covariate adjustment in RCTs. We recommend that all important and measurement covariates be included in analysis models to reduce bias for the treatment effect and SE estimators and control the Type‐I error rate.
Bi‐objective green vehicle routing problem
Authors: Erdoğdu Kazım , Karabulut Korhan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe green vehicle routing problem (GVRP) is a variant of the vehicle routing problem (VRP), which increasingly attracts many researchers in recent years due to the growing global environmental issues. As the transportation of the products grows, the number of vehicles in fleets and the pollutants caused by these vehicles also grow, which in turn negatively affects human health. In this paper, a biobjective GVRP was studied. The two objectives are minimizing the total distance and minimizing the total fuel consumption of all vehicle routes. As a solution method, an adaptive large neighborhood search was hybridized with two new local search heuristics. The proposed method was applied to two well‐known benchmark problem sets for VRPs and new approximate Pareto fronts were obtained for these benchmark sets.
Niche and neutral assembly mechanisms contribute to latitudinal diversity gradients in reef fishes
Authors: Bosch Nestor E. , Wernberg Thomas , Langlois Tim J. , Smale Dan A. , Moore Pippa J. , Franco João N. , Thiriet Pierre , Feunteun Eric , Ribeiro Cláudia , Neves Pedro , Freitas Rui , Filbee‐Dexter Karen , Norderhaug Kjell Magnus , Garcıa Alvaro , Otero‐Ferrer Francisco , Espino Fernando , Haroun Ricardo , Lazzari Natali , Tuya Fernando 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe influence of niche and neutral mechanisms on the assembly of ecological communities have long been debated. However, we still have a limited knowledge on their relative importance to explain patterns of diversity across latitudinal gradients (LDG). Here, we investigate the extent to which these ecological mechanisms contribute to the LDG of reef fishes.LocationEastern Atlantic Ocean.TaxonReef‐associated ray‐finned fishes.MethodsWe combined abundance data across ~60° of latitude with functional trait data and phylogenetic trees. A null model approach was used to decouple the influence of taxonomic diversity (TD) on functional (FD) and phylogenetic (PD) diversity. Standardized effect sizes (SES FD and SES PD) were used to explore patterns of overdispersion, clustering and randomness. Information theoretic approaches were used to investigate the role of large‐ (temperature, geographic isolation, nitrate and net primary productivity) and local‐scale (human population and depth) drivers. We further assessed the role of demographic stochasticity and its interaction with species trophic identity and dispersal capacity.ResultsTaxonomic diversity peaked at ~15°–20°N, with a second mode of lower magnitude at ~45°N; a pattern that was predicted by temperature, geographic isolation and productivity. Tropical regions displayed a higher proportion of overdispersed assemblages, whilst clustering increased towards temperate regions. Phylogenetic and functional overdispersion were associated with warmer, productive and isolated regions. Demographic stochasticity also contributed largely to community assembly, independently of ecoregions, although variation was dependent on the trophic identity and body size of species.Main conclusionsNiche‐based processes linking thermal and resource constraints to local coexistence mechanisms have contributed to the LDG in reef fishes. These processes do not act in isolation, stressing the importance of understanding interactions between deterministic and stochastic factors driving community structure in the face of rapid biodiversity change.
Under the skin: does psychiatric outcome of bullying victimization in school persist over time? A prospective intervention study
Authors: Jantzer Vanessa , Ossa Fanny C. , Eppelmann Lena , Parzer Peter , Resch Franz , Kaess Michael 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundResearch has shown a direct path between peer victimization and poor mental health outcomes. However, the impact of bullying prevention on mental health is a largely unexplored field. Therefore, our study examined the longitudinal association between bullying development and trajectories of psychiatric symptoms (emotional problems, total difficulties, nonsuicidal self‐injury, and suicidality) and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) during the implementation of school‐based bullying prevention.MethodsData of 4,873 pupils (grades 5–13) were collected in 23 schools implementing the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP). Self‐report questionnaires were administered at three annual assessment waves and individual codes enabled the association of repeated assessments to the same pupil. Latent growth curve models (LGCMs) were used to examine the relation among bullying status and mental health outcome with mixed‐effects linear regressions estimating the association of changes in bullying with changes in continuous scores and mixed‐effects logistic regressions for categorical variables.ResultsLatent growth curve models revealed an improvement of mental health and HRQL through the termination of bullying for every outcome variable of interest (all p < .001). Correspondingly, we found an explicit increase in psychopathology as well as decrease in HRQL within one year as a result of developing victimization (all p < .001). Interestingly, the growth of psychopathology associated with the onset of bullying was significantly steeper than its decline associated with the termination of bullying. The postulated cumulative effect of ongoing bullying for a further year could only be shown for HRQL (p = .025) and total difficulties (p = .034), but not for specific mental health problems (all p > .117).ConclusionsLatent growth curve models clearly showed that the adverse psychosocial consequences of bullying arise quickly but seem to reduce much slower and partly persist over time. Future long‐term studies are necessary to clarify if mental health problems will return to baseline after several years or if residual symptoms will remain.
Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of limonene against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Han Yingjie , Chen Wenxue , Sun Zhichang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, inhibitory effect of limonene on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and its antibacterial mechanism was explored, respectively. The results showed that limonene effectively inhibited bacterial growth at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20 ml/L. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the reduction of AKP activity and fluorescence microscope observation confirmed that limonene caused the destruction of the cell morphology and cell wall integrity of S. aureus. The reduction of MFI in fluorescein diacetate staining experiment and leakage of biological macromolecules (nucleic acids and proteins) indicated that limonene damaged the cell membrane and increased membrane permeability. Besides, the reduction of membrane potential (MP) further confirmed that the damage to membrane and the reduction of respiratory metabolic activity. Furthermore, the respiratory depression test confirmed that the pathway of limonene affecting the respiratory metabolism of S. aureus is TCA pathway, followed by EMP. In addition, the disorder of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), ATPase (T‐ATPase, Na+‐K+‐ATPase, Ca2+‐Mg2+‐ATPase), and ATP concentration demonstrated that limonene could result in a slowdown of metabolism and metabolic dysfunction, thus inhibiting ATP synthesis.
Scoring system assessing mucosal visibility of upper gastrointestinal tract: The POLPREP scale
Authors: Romańczyk Marcin , Ostrowski Bartosz , Kozłowska‐Petriczko Katarzyna , Pawlak Katarzyna M. , Kurek Krzysztof , Zatorski Hubert , Koziej Mateusz , Romańczyk Tomasz , Wosiewicz Piotr , Marek Tomasz , Wiechowska‐Kozłowska Anna , Małecka‐Panas Ewa , Hartleb Marek 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe proper visibility of mucosa during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is crucial for the detection of early upper gastrointestinal tract lesions. In contrast to colonoscopy, no validated scoring system for the assessment of upper gastrointestinal mucosal cleanliness has been developed so far. The aim of the study was to create and validate standardized grading system (POLPREP) to assess the mucosal cleanliness during EGD.MethodsTo assess the visibility of mucosa during EGD, 4‐point scale was developed (0–3). Twelve operators assessed 18 images of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum twice (in 2 weeks interval). In validation round, the images and endoscopy reports of 443 EGDs performed in six centers were assessed.ResultsThe inter‐observer accordance of POLPREP was 0.8 (intra‐class correlation coefficient; 0.79 consultants, 0.85 trainees). The intra‐observer repeatability was 0.64 (Fleiss kappa value; 0.64 consultants, 0.64 trainees). The lesions detection rate was significantly higher in clean (scores 2 and 3; 19.7%) than in “unclean” segments (score 1; 7.7%, P = 0.049). Score 3 was associated with over three‐fold higher lesion detection than score 1 (odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1–9; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe proposed POLPREP scale allows for unified assessment of upper gastrointestinal tract mucosal cleanliness. The higher cleanliness scores are related with greater upper gastrointestinal pathologies detection.
Prognostic significance of Ki67 during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary unresectable ovarian cancer
Authors: Kaya Ryusuke , Takanashi Hiroko , Nakajima Akari , Saito Ryosuke , Yamaguchi Noriko , Morimoto Keiji , Isonishi Seiji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Ki67 values were associated with survival for predicting prognosis in patients with advanced ovarian cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).MethodsAmong 17 patients treated with NACT, 13 patients were available for tissue samples from matched pre‐ and post‐therapy tissues. Ki67 scores were transformed to a logarithmic scale for the statistical analyses. The optimal cutoff values of the log‐phase Ki67 were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Kaplan–Meier analysis, the log‐rank test, and Cox regression analysis were carried out to analyze survival.ResultsThe Ki67‐decrease and post‐NACT Ki67 were the independent factors associated with relapse‐free survival (RFS) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003). No association was observed on overall survival. The optimal cutoff values for the Ki67‐decrease and the post‐NACT Ki67 were 6.67% and 5.46 based on ROC where the area under ROC curves (AUC) were 1.00 (p < 0.001) with the 100% sensitivity and specificity. The median RFS was 537 days in patients showing Ki67‐decrease >6.66% or post‐NACT Ki67 level <5.46, while it was 224 days in those with Ki67 decrease ≤6.66% or post‐NACT Ki67 level ≥5.46 (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe Ki67‐decrease and the lower post‐NACT Ki67 are independent factors associated with favorable RFS, indicating that they could be precise biomarker candidates for prognosis in NACT‐administered patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Cardio‐pulmonary function among children with mild or asymptomatic COVID‐19 infection needing certification for return‐to‐play
Authors: Chicco Daniela , Rispoli Francesco , De Nardi Laura , Romano Sara , Mazzolai Michele , Bobbo Marco , Tavcar Irena , Cattarini Gilberto , Badina Laura , Barbi Egidio , Maschio Massimo 
Published: August 2021

AimTo explore the cardio‐pulmonary function of children returning to play sports after mild or asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsThis is a consecutive case series conducted at the Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy. Paediatric patients who accessed the Institute for cardiologic and pneumological evaluation before the return‐to‐play competitive sports were recruited, according to the Italian Sports Medical Federation recommendations. Echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, treadmill ECG test and pulmonary function tests were performed.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐two patients (aged 8–17 years old, mean age 12.8 ± 2.5) were recruited. Among these, 127 children were considered for the final analysis (49.6% females). Out of 127, 84 (66.1%) had a mild symptomatic form of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, while 43 (33.9%) were asymptomatic. The main referred symptoms were fever (n = 37, 44%), asthenia (n = 14, 16.7%), rhinitis (n = 16, 19%), ageusia (n = 19, 22.6%), anosmia (n = 24, 28.6%), sore throat (n = 3, 3.6%), cough (n = 9, 10.7%), arthralgia‐myalgia (n = 11, 13.1%), headache (n = 23, 27.4%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 7, 8.3%). No child presented evidence of cardio‐pulmonary function impairment after an average time of 77.3 days (SD 35) from SARS‐CoV‐2 swab positivity and a median of 68 days (IQ1 52, IQ3 92.5).ConclusionThis preliminary study suggests that, in the absence of specific symptoms, the diagnostic yield of cardio‐pulmonary tests before returning to play sports may be very low.
Microbiome and fermentation parameters in the rumen of dairy buffalo in response to ingestion associated with a diet supplemented with cysteamine and hemp seed oil
Authors: Zhou Xiaokang , Zhang Nanji , Zhang Jie , Gu Qichao , Dong Canjuan , Lin Bo , Zou Caixia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, high‐throughput gene amplicon sequencing was used to investigate the effects of 6 treatments [2 levels of hemp seed oil (HSO) × 3 levels of cysteamine (CS)] on bacterial and fungal communities in the rumen of 30 crossbred dairy buffalo. Our results indicate that the total numbers of bacterial and fungal taxa were unaffected regardless of diet (p > 0.05), while the total number of archaea was affected (p < 0.05) by the interaction of HSO and CS. Compared with control treatment, microbial composition of archaea was strongly influenced by CS (p < 0.05), while the addition of HSO, CS or both had a weak effect on fungus and bacteria. In addition, there was a significant increase in the lactic acid content with the addition of HSO, and the addition of CS to the feed caused a significant decrease in the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid, compared with control treatment (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Acetobacter was significantly positively correlated with the genera Pichia, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter. pH was found to have a significant effect on the methanogens, and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) had a strong correlation with Butyrivibrio. The strong influence of CS on some methanogens shows that it may have potential in the development of methane reduction interventions.
Food for thought: Does the Food—a fact of life website benefit food and nutrition teaching in the UK?
Authors: White Alex 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFood education in school is compulsory in the UK and is an important means for teaching pupils’ basic food skills and about the importance of healthy eating. However, previous research has shown that UK food teachers face challenges due to time and money limitations, and value support to teach about food. Food—a fact of life (FFL) is the British Nutrition Foundation's education programme designed to help give teachers this support, with over 2000 resources online. To assess the impact of these resources, a survey was sent to UK teachers to evaluate their perceptions of the effect of using these resources on their teaching practice, classroom management, pupil learning/engagement and overall exam results. Teachers (n = 501) reported a benefit from using the FFL resources, with most respondents indicating that their use had a positive impact on their teaching practice and the learning of their pupils. This article summarises the main findings from this survey and discusses how they will be used by the British Nutrition Foundation to further improve FFL resources.
Identifying cortical plate inclination as a parameter to re‐assess transverse discrepancies in untreated adults with different vertical facial heights—A retrospective CBCT study
Authors: Ravikumar Prasanna Arvind T. , Dinesh S. P. Saravana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the inclination angles of buccal, palatal cortical plates and assess its harmony with existing molar buccolingual inclination in adults with different vertical facial heights. The aim of this study was to identify the role of cortical plate inclination as a diagnostic tool for determining alveolar support in adults with transverse discrepancies.Materials and MethodsOne‐hundred and fifty seven CBCTs (50‐Hypo‐divergent, 51‐Normo‐divergent and 56‐Hyper‐divergent growth patterns) of untreated adults were utilized. Cross‐sectional slices with respect to the maxillary first molar were taken as orientation landmarks in defined reference planes. Inclination angles for the first molar, buccal and palatal cortical plate were determined with respect to the palatal plane. ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey's HSD test were carried out to determine significant differences between groups.ResultsMolar inclination was significantly greater in hyper‐divergent groups compared to normo‐divergent and hypo‐divergent groups (P < .05). Greater variation between molar inclination and cortical plate inclination (buccal and palatal) was seen in hyper‐divergent groups (P < .05). Hypo‐divergent and normo‐divergent groups showed almost similar molar and cortical plate inclinations; however, there was a significant difference between the buccal and palatal cortical plates (P < .05).ConclusionsCortical plate inclination is in agreement with molar inclination in hypo‐ and normo‐divergent groups when compared to hyper‐divergent groups. In adults with decreased/normal facial heights, greater balance and harmony is observed between the dental and alveolar substructures in the posterior region. In adults with increased facial heights, a greater amount of dentoalveolar compensation is seen with respect to the molar and its surrounding bone support.