bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dislocation of Cataractous Lens by Enzymatic Zonulolysis: A Suggested Solution to the Problem of the 18 Million Individuals Blind From Cataracts in Third-World Countries
Authors: Girard Louis J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
There are 18 million persons blind from cataracts in Third-World countries and the number is doubling every 20 to 25 years. It is impossible to cure this many blind with present sophisticated surgical techniques. Enzymatic dislocation of the cataractous lens could be performed by nonmedicai personnel and the patients given inexpensive mass-produced spectacles, which could solve this tremendous problem.
Vertical Tripod Fixation (VTF) Simplifies Transscleral Approaches
Authors: Berger Roland R , Kenyers Agnes M , Van Coller Beulah , Pretorius Christine F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Transscleral fixation of intraocular lenses (IOL) is an accepted procedure today. Following Malbran's initial approach, new techniques have been developed in various ophthalmic centers; many, however, are time-consuming and difficult, as reflected by complications, most commonly hyphema and IOL tilt.
We present here a simple method of transscleral fixation, which was performed in 24 patients in our department. It involves fixating the IOL vertically, on a three-point configuration, using standard 10-0 prolene stitches. Performing it is easy and time-saving. VTF ensures a stable transscleral fixation of an IOL.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Surgical Excision of Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascular Membranes
Authors: Thomas John W , Lopez Pedro F , Lambert H Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigated the use of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) as an adjunct to the surgical removal of subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes. t-PA in a concentration of 6 µg/0.1 cc dissolved the fibrin rim surrounding recent subfoveal membranes but was less effective on more mature lesions. t-PA may be a useful intraoperative tool to limit the damage to surrounding structures during the surgical excision of recent subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes with surrounding fibrin rims.
Mortality and Morbidity Associated With Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Badrinath Sengamedu S , Bhaskaran S , Sundararaj Ian , Rao B Sridhar , Mukesh B N 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the mortality and morbidity among the patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery under local or general anesthesia.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent ophthalmic surgery at Sankara Nethralaya, Madras, India, between 1979 and 1988, was performed. Relevant details included the preoperative medical status of the patients (ASA status), type of surgical procedure, type of anesthesia, and intraoperative and postoperative complications.
* RESULTS: The overall mortality rate was 1.15 per 1000. There was a decrease in the mortality rate from 2.09 per 1000 in the first 5-year period to 0.37 per 1000 in the second 5-year period. The factors significantly associated with mortality were hypertension, presence of cardiac pacemaker, renal disease, duration of surgery, type of surgery, and physical status (American Society of Anaesthesiologists classification).
* CONCLUSION: Identifying the risk factors can help reduce the mortality in ophthalmic surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1995;26:535-54l.]
The Effect of Trephination on Corneal Topography
Authors: Greenfield David S , Jivanjee Shafiq Q , Raizman Michael B 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was performed to assess the effect of trephination on corneal curvature.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven fresh porcine globes with intact corneal epithelium were used. Radius of curvature, central dioptric power, and powers and axes of the steepest and flattest meridians were obtained using a vertically mounted computerized videokeratography unit. Following 8-mm vacuum trephination of the central donor corneas, the said parameters were reassessed on the resultant buttons. No globes with epithelial defects were included in the study.
* RESULTS: The mean corneal radius of curvature (mm) increased from 8.68 ± 0.79 to 10.46 ± 3.24 (P = .005), the central dioptric power (D) decreased from 39.36 ± 3.84 to 36.31 ± 10.15 (P = .08), and the total corneal asphericity (D) increased from 5.03 ± 2.99 to 7.47 ± 3.42 (P = .0001). No significant changes in the axes of the steepest and the flattest meridians were noted following trephination.
* CONCLUSION: Trephination leads to significant corneal flattening and increased asphericity. Cornea! topography can be used successfully as a research tool for whole globes and trephined buttons.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1995;26:560-567.]
Complement-derived Anaphylatoxins in Human Donor Corneas Treated With Excimer Laser
Authors: Gardner Bradley P , Pleyer Uwe , Mondino Bartly J , Sumner Humphrey L , Frieberg Murray L , Imperia Paul S 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: An inflammatory response produced by excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) may be associated with the subsequent corneal haze and regressions in refractive error observed after treatment. Complement-derived anaphylatoxins, potent mediators of inflammation, may have a role in postoperative healing.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty right human donor corneas underwent a 6-D excimer laser PRK treatment. The corresponding left donor corneas served as the controls. After incubation in tissue culture media for 6 hours and elution in phosphatebuffered saline with EDTA for 24 hours, complement-derived anaphylatoxins C3a, C4a, and C5a were measured in corneal eluates by radioimmunoassay.
* RESULTS: Compared with control corneas, the excimer PRK corneas failed to demonstrate a significant increase in C3a, C4a, or C5a levels (P > .05).
* CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the excimer laser at this dose does not activate significant complement in the cornea.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1995;26:568-571.]
Fluorescent Vesicle Angiography With Sodium Fluorescein and Indocyanine Green
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Moshfeghi Darius M , Moshfeghi Andrew A , Khoobehi Bahram 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated the feasibility of merging free-dye angiography and the fluorescent vesicle technique to achieve the best characteristics of both.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fluorescent vesicles encapsulated with either ìndocyanine green or carboxyfluorescein were mixed with free indocyanine green or free sodium fluorescein, respectively, and imaged with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope in both an in vitro model and primate and rabbit models.
* RESULTS: In the in vitro model of the sodium fluorescein combination, optimal viewing of vesicleencapsulated dye and free dye was at a ratio of 150:1; for indocyanine green, the ratio was 50:1. In vivo, high-quality fluorescent vesicle angiograms were obtained that demonstrated leakage of free dye from choroidal laser spots.
* CONCLUSIONS: Free dye and fluorescent vesicles can be combined to obtain an angiogram with all of the advantages of a traditional angiogram, while allowing the operator to assess the changes in retinal or choroidal circulation direcdy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:279-284.]
In Vitro Evaluation of Polymeric Matrix and Porous Biodegradable Reservoir Devices for Slow-release Drug Delivery
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Yang Dachuan , Khoobehi Bahram , Rahimy Mohamad H , Chin So Y 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Biodegradable polymeric devices were evaluated in vitro for intravitreal drug delivery.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The matrix (short-term drug delivery) and the porous (longerterm drug delivery) reservoir devices were made from polycaprolactone of two molecular weights (30,000 and 56,000). Matrix devices were loaded with 5-fluorouracil or ganciclovir. Porous reservoirs were loaded with 5-fluorouracil, ganciclovir, 5-carboxyfluorescein, or foscarnet. The release was monitored in phosphatebuffered solution using ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
* RESULTS: Release from the matrix devices was characterized by an initial burst, followed by a nonlinear release. The porous reservoirs demonstrated zeroorder linear release of drugs, sustained up to 250 days in this experiment.
* CONCLUSIONS: The matrix device is capable of sustained release over several months; the porous reservoir can deliver drugs for over 1 year. Further studies are needed to evaluate in vivo biodégradation behavior and toxicity of drugs used for sustained release.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:384-391.]
Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream for Local-Anesthesia Chalazion Incision in Children
Authors: Wessels Izak F , Wessels Gunter F 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND: Chalazia are not uncommon in children. If conservative therapy for them fails, incision and drainage are necessary and usually require a general anesthetic, which increases costs and risks.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five children (3 to 8 years old) had a eutectic mixture of lidocame and prilocaine applied to the skin of the eyelid for 1 hour. Then local anesthetic was injected into the same site.
* RESULTS: The local anesthetic injection was painless, permitting successful incision and drainage in all cases.
* CONCLUSION: Lidocaine-prilocaine cream permits local anesthetic injection into the eyelids, facilitating office-based management of chaiazia in children.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:431-433.]
Topical Cyclosporine as a Possible New Antimetabolite in Trabeculectomy
Authors: Turaçli M Erol , Gündüz Kaan , Aktan Gülderen , Sencer Huriye 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors conducted a randomized, prospective, and controlled clinical and transmission electron microscopic study to investigate the possible role of cyclosporine in trabeculectomy as an antimetabolite agent.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve patients underwent trabeculectomy with topical cyclosporine and another 12 patients had trabeculectomy without cyclosporine.
* RESULTS: There was a statistically significant decrease in the postoperative intraocular pressure (P < .05) and in the number of medications needed postoperatively (P < .01) in the cyclosporine group. There were no significant complications in either group. Transmission electron microscopic examinations of the excised trabecular scierai tissue showed that cyclosporine caused inhibition of fibroblasts and led to a disruption in collagen organization at the level of the surgical dissection. Middle scierai layers were generally not affected except in some cyclosporinetreated eyes, which showed only a mild cytopathic effect.
* CONCLUSION: This study showed that topical cyclosporine was safe and effective for use as an antimetabolite in trabeculectomy. Further studies are needed to substantiate the adjuvant role of cyclosporine in glaucoma filtering operations.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:438-444.]
A Fluorescent Vesicle System for the Measurement of Blood Velocity in the Choroidal Vessels
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Khoobehi Bahram , Shaibani Sanan , Shamsnia Saeed , Ribeiro Ismael 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the choroidal circulation is difficult because of the presence of the retinal pigment epithelium. The authors have developed a technique for measuring blood velocity in individual choroidal vessels using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope and intravenously injected indocyanine green encapsulated in multilamellar vesicles. In this report, the authors describe their attempts to measure choroidaJ blood velocity in three different regions of the choroid of the primate eye.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: A video-to-digital processor was used to digitize the video images of the choroid of a monkey at a sample rate of 1/30 of a second. The blood velocity in the selected choroidal vessel segments was calculated by measuring the distance the liposome traveled in a given time.
* RESULTS: The average blood velocities were 5-16 mm/s under the macula, 4.04 mm/s in the vortex vein system, and 2.03 mm/s in the choroidal circulation nasal to the optic nerve.
* CONCLUSION: This technique is an effective method of measuring blood velocity in a primate model and has several important advantages compared with the dye dilution technique.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:459-466.]
Intraocular Pressure Increments After Cataract Extraction in Glaucomatous Eyes With Functioning Filtering Blebs
Authors: Wygnanski-Jaffe Tamara , Barak Adiel , Melamed Shlomo , Glovinsky Yoseph 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The effects of cataract extraction on intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in glaucoma patients who had previously undergone trabeculectomy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The files of 22 patients with 25 glaucomatous eyes with functioning filtering blebs who underwent cataract extraction were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had undergone pretrabeculectomy examination and had at least 18 months of follow-up after cataract surgery. Visual acuity, IOP, status of the filtering bleb, and the number of medications applied were recorded.
* RESULTS: The mean increase in IOP was 3.63 mm Hg, 3.84 mm Hg, 5.4 mm Hg, and 2.8 mm Hg at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after cataract extraction, respectively. This elevation was statistically significant 3 months postoperatively (P < .001) and remained relatively constant thereafter. The postoperative IOP was still significantly lower than the pretrabeculectomy IOP (P <. 001).
* CONCLUSIONS: Cataract extraction through corneal incisions in patients with functioning filtering blebs is followed by an increase in IOP Cataract surgery in these patients does not neutralize the pressure-lowering effect achieved by the trabeculectomy, but it tends to elevate the post-trabeculectomy baseline pressure.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:657-661.]
Macular Hole Surgery Without Using Adjunctive Additives
Authors: Smiddy William E , Pimentel Sergio , Williams George A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of performing surgical techniques for macular holes without using adjunctive additives.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was completed of consecutive eyes treated for macular holes of 1 year or less duration that had not had previous vitreous surgery. The best-corrected visual acuity and hole flattening were determined.
* RESULTS: Postoperative flattening of the hole was achieved in 39 (91%) of 43 eyes, with at least a 50% reduction of the minimum resolvable visual angle (3-line visual increase) in 65% of the eyes and a final vision of 20/40 or better in 40% of the eyes during the follow-up interval (mean 10.6 months).
* CONCLUSIONS: The success rate of current macular hole surgical techniques suggests that adjunctive additives may not be necessary for most cases. Thus, new treatment modalities need to be evaluated with carefully controlled studies.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:713-717.]
Phacoemulsification and Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation After Scleral Buckling, Vitrectomy, or Both
Authors: Kang Yong Hong , Lee Jin Hak 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have documented the risk of complications for eyes with prior vitreoretinal surgery that later undergo intracapsular or extracapsular cataract extraction. The authors reviewed the records of patients with a history of vitreoretinal surgery and subsequent phacoemulsification to assess the visual outcome in the relatively early postoperative period and to determine die risk of postoperative complications.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors identified 21 eyes of 21 patients with a history of scleral buckling, vitrectomy, or both, who subsequently underwent phacoemulsification. Data recorded before, during, and after surgery were reviewed.
* RESULTS: The best-corrected visual acuity improved in 20 (95%) of 21 eyes, and the final bestcorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 12 (57%) of 21 eyes. The intraoperative complications included iridodialysis, zonular dialysis, and posterior capsular rupture. The immediate postoperative complications were microcorneal edema, anterior chamber hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, and fibrinous pupillary membrane. No retinal detachments occurred during the postoperative follow-up period, which ranged from 3 to 10 months. Late complications included isolated cases of posterior capsular opacity, herpetic corneal ulcer, and iris posterior synechia; however, the final visual acuities were not limited, except in one eye with a corneal ulcer.
* CONCLUSION: Although some postoperative complications did occur, they did not limit final vision, and useful vision was achieved.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:23-27.]
Visual Outcome and Ocular Survival in Patients With Retinal Detachments Secondary to Openor Closed-Globe Injuries
Authors: Matthews G Philip , Das Arup , Brown Sally 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was undertaken to establish predictive clinical features for final visual outcome and ocular survival for patients who have sustained traumatic retinal detachments (RDs).* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed 191 cases of RD following open- or closedglobe trauma. The clinical features that were analyzed included the initial visual acuity, the location of the wound, the mechanism of injury (blunt, sharp, or projectile), and the number of quadrants of RD.* RESULTS: The significant predictive factors for good visual outcome (1/200 or better) included an initial visual acuity of hand motions or better, wounds located anterior to the equator, closed-globe injuries, sharp injury in open globes, and three or fewer quadrants of RD. The factors that predicted enucleation included an initial visual acuity of light perception or no light perception, wounds located posterior to the equator, and four quadrants of RD.* CONCLUSION: The significant predictive factors for final visual outcome in patients witli traumatic RD were the initial visual acuity, the location of the wound, the mechanism of injury, and the number of quadrants of RD.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:48-54.]
The Role of Preoperative Ultrasonography for Patients With Dense Cataract: A Retrospective Study of 509 Cases
Authors: Anteby Irene I , Blumenthal Eytan Z , Zamir Ehud , Waindim Paul 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Ocular ultrasonography is widely used for the evaluation of eyes with opaque ocular media. Although preoperative ultrasonography of the globe has been recommended for patients with dense cataracts, the value of such an examination is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and nature of intraocular pathologies detected by preoperative ultrasound examination in patients with dense cataract.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively studied 509 patients referred for routine ultrasound examination of the globe due to dense cataract. Exclusion criteria included known posterior segment pathology, previous ocular surgery or penetrating trauma, and age of younger than 18 years. All the patients underwent ultrasound examination by B-scan and standardized A-scan.
RESULTS: In 19.6% of the patients, a posterior segment pathology was revealed by the ultrasound examination. The most frequently disclosed abnormalities were posterior staphyloma (7.2%), retinal detachment (4.5%), and vitreous hemorrhage (2.5%). One patient with a large choroidal malignant melanoma was identified. The prevalence of posterior segment pathologies was slightly higher in patients with a history of ocular trauma, compared with the nontraumatic cataract group (29.6% versus 19.0%, respectively; P = .1). The prevalence of retinal detachment was increased in the traumatic cataract subgroup (14.8% compared with 3.9%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance.
* CONCLUSION: Preoperative ultrasound examination for patients with dense cataract can be used to detect pathologies that may influence the surgical strategy and the postoperative visual prognosis.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:114-118.]
The Inhibition of Lens Epithelial Cell Migration by a Discontinuous Capsular Bend Created by a Band-Shaped Circular Loop or a Capsule-Bending Ring
Authors: Nischi Okihiro , Nishi Kayo , Mano Chizuko , Ichihara Masuji , Honda Tomoaki 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the inhibitory effect of a discontinuous capsular bend created by an intraocular lens (IOL) with a band-shaped loop or a capsule tension ring on migrating lens epithelial cells (LECs).
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: To create a sharp bend in the capsule, the round form (shown on cross section) of the open-circular loop of a polymethylmethacrylate IOL was changed to a band-like shape, 1.0 mm wide and 0.2 mm thick. A capsule tension ring of the same shape (on cross section) with a 14-mm diameter was also made. After cataract surgery, this IOL or ring was implanted into the capsular bag in 5 rabbit eyes. The same IOL with an unmodified haptic or conventional capsule tension ring was implanted in the contralateral eye as a control. After 8 weeks, Miyake view and histopathologic examinations were performed.
* RESULTS: LECs accumulated at the equatorial corner outside the haptic or ring, showing the inhibition of LEC migration. In the control eyes, LECs accumulated inside the haptic or ring, forming a Soemmering's ring cataract, thus showing markedly less inhibition of LEC migration on macroscopic and microscopic observations.
* CONCLUSIONS: A discontinuous bend in the capsule significantly inhibited LEC migration in rabbit eyes. The creation of a capsular bend through the appropriate design of the IOL-haptic or capsule tension ring might significantly decrease the incidence of posterior capsule opacification for humans.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:119-125.]
The "Deroofing" of Schlemm's Canal in Patients With Open-Angle Glaucoma Through Placement of a Collagen Drainage Device
Authors: Welsh N H , DeLange J , Wasserman P , Ziémba S L 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A preliminary study was conducted to examine a new surgical approach for the management of patients with open-angle glaucoma in which Schlemm's canal is opened to restore drainage in a nonpenetrating fashion. The authors compared the results of the surgical procedure including the new glaucoma drainage device with the results of standard trabeculectomy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors performed a new type of surgical procedure on 58 consecutive patients with open-angle glaucoma. The procedure entails "deroofing" Schlemm's canal to facilitate the drainage of aqueous without penetrating the eye. This is done by exposing the canal after a partial-thickness sclerectomy and keratectomy along a 5-mm arc. After the canal was deroofed, a new type of collagen glaucoma drainage device was placed in the surgical site to maintain drainage postoperatively. Patient data, including intraocular pressure (IOP), complications, and the number of medications required to maintain adequate pressures, were analyzed for 1 year postoperatively.
* RESULTS: Within 1 to 2 months postoperatively, 80.9% of the patients achieved an IOP lower than 21 mm Hg. This improved to 88.9% at 3 to 6 months postoperatively and 87.5% at 6 to 12 months postoperatively. The only major complications were microperforations (8.6%) related to surgical technique and a few cases of high IOP that required repeat operations (10.3%).
* CONCLUSIONS: The nonpenetrating technique for deroofing the canal effectively allows the drainage of aqueous to acceptable levels (in the range of 15 to 17 mm Hg) without the complications associated with penetrating trabeculectomy. Complications are rare, and the collagen drainage device appears to be effective for allowing the drainage site to remain patent after its dissolution.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:216-226.]