bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Variations of Posterior Communicating Artery and Types of Posterior Circulation in Human Cadaveric Brains of South Indian Population
Authors: Prefulla P. R. , Mohanapriya E. , Bose Elamathi , Keerthi S. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Posterior communicating artery (PComA) is the communicating channel between the internal carotid and vertebrobasilar arterial systems. The hemodynamics of the circle of Willis is influenced by variations in the PComA. Such variations may predispose to ischemic stroke due to inadequate collateral supply. Knowledge regarding the variations of the PComA and posterior circulation is of much clinical importance.

Material and Methods:
Eighty-eight posterior communicating arteries in 44 human cadaveric brains were studied. The morphological variations and morphometry of PComA and the various types of posterior circulation were noted and analyzed.

Results:
Morphological variations in PComA consisted of hypoplasia (17.04%) and aplasia (7.95%). The mean length of PComA was 12.72 ± 3.10 mm on the right side and 13.11 ± 3.37 mm on the left side. The four types of posterior circulation were adult type (78.41%), persistent fetal type-partial (12.5%), transitional type (5.68%), and persistent fetal type full (3.41%).

Discussion and Conclusion:
This study provides a comprehensive description of variations of PComA and types of posterior circulation. Awareness of these anatomical variations will be useful to anatomists, neurophysicians, neurosurgeons, and radiologists.
Nonadherence to Dietary Activities and its Associated Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an Urban Area of South India
Authors: Chappidi Mounica , Chidambaram Priyadarshini , Shivananjiah Shalini , Somanna Shivaraj Nallur 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Self-care activities related to diet, physical activity, foot care, and blood sugar monitoring in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), besides traditional doctor-centered care is essential. Hence, the study was undertaken to find the prevalence of nonadherence to dietary practices among patients with T2DM, its associated factors and to study the association of nonadherence with body mass index (BMI).

Methods:
The community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 participants with T2DM aged ≥ 18 years in urban Bangalore. Dietary adherence was assessed using The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were made to calculate BMI.

Results:
Of the total, 207 (51.8%) were ≥ 60 years, 211 (52.8%) were females and 377 (94.3%) were on oral hypoglycemic agents. Calories were unrestricted in 62.7%, fruits and vegetables were not consumed by 68.8%, and overall, 83.5% were nonadherent to diet.

Conclusion:
Education and marital status can affect a diabetic individual's diet adherence and hence it is necessary to focus on individuals who are likely to be nonadherent by giving them simple understandable instructions to follow and enabling them with wider variety of food and recipe options. Dislike to food in the diet plan contributed majorly to diet nonadherence and having individualized dietary options with the help of food exchange lists and involving nutritionists in diet planning may help overcome food aversions ensuring better adherence to diet. Creating awareness about self-care among people with T2DM, ensuring strict adherence to diet at every follow-up visit to the health-care professional is required to prevent complications of diabetes.
Assessment of Bone Marrow Iron Stores using Gale's Grading and Its Correlation with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Gupta Ishani , Kour Bhavneet , Jandial Roopali , Bhardwaj Subhash 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a very common condition worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The most accurate method to evaluate iron status is the measurement of bone marrow iron content by potassium ferrocyanide (Prussian blue)-stained aspirate. Microscopic examination of Prussian blue-stained bone marrow aspirate has been considered the “gold standard” for determining iron-depleted states.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess and classify the iron status in the bone marrow by both Gale's and intensive method, thereby differentiating iron store deficiency from functional deficiency.

Methods:
The present study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Jammu, over a period of 1 year. A total of 135 cases of anemia with hemoglobin <10 g/dl were included in the study. Bone marrow aspiration was done; iron assessment was done by both Gale's and intensive method. Iron status assessed by the intensive method was categorized as normal, functional iron deficiency, iron stores deficiency, or combined functional iron and iron stores deficiency.

Results:
A total of 135 cases were included in the study, out of which 47% (64/135) were male and 53% (71/135) were female. Gale's study revealed hypoferrimic state in only 40 cases out of 135 (29.6%). According to the intensive method, out of these 40 cases, only nine cases were truly deficient cases that too had combined deficiency, two cases had iron store deficiency, 25 cases had functional iron deficiency, and four cases had normal iron stores. In the present study, according to the intensive method, maximum number of cases had functional iron deficiency (54%, 73/135). There were 1.4% (2/135) pure iron-deficient cases and 11.1% (15/135) revealed combined deficiency.

Conclusion:
Differentiation between IDA and functional iron deficiency is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment of the patient. Although intensive method of grading iron requires more expertise, it has proved to be superior and has more precision in diagnosing iron-deficient cases.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Circulating Ceruloplasmin Levels in Men with Iron-Deficiency Anemia and Heart Failure with Concomitant Prostate Cancer and Their Dynamics after Treatment
Authors: Kuryata Olexandr , Sirenko Oksana , Tykhomyrov Artem , Yatsenko Tetyana 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The aim was to determine the activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and levels of circulating ceruloplasmin (CP) in men with iron-deficiency (ID) anemia and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with concomitant prostate cancer and their dynamics after intravenous iron hydroxide sucrose supplementation.

Methods:
Dynamic observation and treatment was performed in 53 men with ID anemia and HFpEF with concomitant prostate adenocarcinoma. Serum PAI-1 activity levels were determined using a modified colorimetric method of tissue-type plasminogen activator determination. Serum CP levels were evaluated by immunoblot assay.

Results:
After 10 days of treatment in the group of patients treated with intravenous iron (III) hydroxide sucrose, the median PAI-1 activity level decreased by 9.2% (P < 0.001), in Group II, this indicator was not significantly different. After 10 days of treatment, it was estimated decreased median CP level by 35% (P < 0.001), in comparison with standard therapy – on 14.4% (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The infusion of intravenous iron (III) hydroxide sucrose in men with ID anemia and HFpEF with concomitant prostate cancer contributed to a significant decrease of PAI-1 activity level and CP level.
Screening of bacterial isolates for phosphate solubilizing capability in a ferruginous ultisol in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Musa S.I. , Beckley I. 
Published: December 2021

Phosphorus is a major growth-llimiting nutrient which plays important biochemical role in living system. It is widely distributed in minerals as phosphates. It reacts easily with Fe3+ in ferruginous ultisols and therefore not bioavailable for plant usage. Many bacteria have the ability to solubilize phosphate minerals and make it bioavailable to plants.Thus this research investigates the culturable bacterial composition of ferruginous ultisol, comparative to control soils as well as the phosphate solubilizing capabilities of the isolates for future use in soil improvements. Six soil samples of different ferruginous levels and a control were assayed for physicochemical parameters prior to the experiment. Culturable bacteria as well as the phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were assayed in Pikovskaya’s medium at 27oC with 7.5 pH for 7days. Six distinct isolates were observed which proved to be Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Bacillus spp. and Serratia spp. based on biochemical and morphological characteristics. Of these six isolates, three isolates(EMBF2-Klebsiella spp, BCAF1- Proteus spp and BCAC2- Bacillus spp) were identified to solubilize phosphate by releasing a considerable amount of phosphate (12.01-21.23 ppm) and lowering the pH of the media. The three isolates showed tolerance to acidic and alkaline media and also showed plant growth promoting capabilities by releasing indole acetic acid and siderophores. The result revealed that the three isolates had potential to chelate the ion bond in identified to solubilize phosphate by releasing a considerable amount of phosphate (12.01-21.23 ppm) and lowering the pH of the media. The three isolates showed tolerance to acidic and alkaline media and also showed plant growth promoting capabilities by releasing indole acetic acid and siderophores. The result revealed that the three isolates had potential to chelate the ion bond in Fe3+ in ferruginous ultisol by releasing low molecular weight organic acid, making phosphate to be bioavailable for plant usage. This will serve as biofertilizer in improving yield of crops in ferruginous ultisol and improve soil fertility.
The CRISPR-Cas system: its origin, functions and applications in biotechnology: A Review
Authors: Tukur A.M. 
Published: December 2021

The CRISPR-Cas system is a genome editing system seen in prokaryotic immune system. Bacteria and archaea protect itself against invading viruses and plasmid by targeting RNA or DNA of the invading element predominantly using this gene-editing tool. The CRISPR- Cas defense mechanism is carried out in three stages; adaptation stage where the spacers are inserted into the CRISPR locus, the expression stage where crRNA is formed by transcription of the CRISPR loci and the interference stage where the invading element is destroyed by the crRNA and cas proteins. The CRISPR-cas has been involved in many other functions apart from the immune defense they include; DNA repair, regulation of virulence, genome evolution, inhibit biofilm formation etc. The application of CRISPR-Cas system include genome engineering, agriculture to efficiently target and mutate plants, improve crop yield and crop resistance, in medicine to eradicate genetic diseases. However, ethical considerations are a major setback of CRISPR-Cas application especially in medicine. CRISPR-Cas has been used in variety of species including cultured human cell, rice, drosophila and mice.
Essays in Comparative International Entrepreneurship Research
Authors: Kleinhempel Johannes 
Published: December 2021

Entrepreneurship does not take place in a vacuum but is deeply embedded in its context. This dissertation proposes three new perspectives which highlight (1) the changing impact of socio-cultural conditions over the course of the venture creation process, (2) the persistence, portability, and intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial culture, and (3) the different theoretical channels through which culture influences entrepreneurship. This dissertation advances three fresh perspectives which shed new light on the critical role of socio-cultural influences in comparative international entrepreneurship research. <br>
PRELIMINARY OUTCOMES AND CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENTING SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN 30 GREEK PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Goutas Theodoros , Trikkaliotis Ioannis , Kliapis Petros , Theodosiou Argiris , Tsigilis Nikolaos , Gregoriadis Athanasios 
Published: December 2021

<p>School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) is an evidence-based three-tier school-wide framework for preventing and treating challenging behavior in schools, improving overall school climate, and promoting teachers' teaming and collaboration. SWPBIS outcomes, such as the decrease of students' behavioral problems and improvement of teachers' cooperation, have been well established across various educational systems in many countries. The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate stakeholders' perceptions about the preliminary outcomes and challenges of the SWPBIS Tier 1 implementation in 30 Greek primary schools. A semi-structured focus group was conducted with stakeholders from Greek primary schools about their experiences from the implementation of SWPBIS Tier 1 during the 2019-2020 school year. Three key categories were identified: (a) perceptions about the initial SWPBIS outcomes, (b) implementation challenges, and (c) suggestions on additional supports. Practical implications and results are discussed in terms of how they can be used in sustaining SWPBIS in the Greek context.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0774/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN FAKTOR RESIKO KEHAMILAN DAN JENIS PERSALINAN
Authors: Intiyaswati Intiyaswati 
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan : Faktor penyebab meningkatnya angka kematian ibu 11% karena infeksi. Infeksi yang banyak dialami oleh ibu sebagian besar merupakan akibat dari adanya komplikasi persalinan yaitu ketuban pecah dini. Penyebab KPD di antaranya infeksi, servik inkompeten, tekanan intrauterine yang meninggi, trauma, kelainan letak dan multipara. Dampak dari KPD adalah adalah infeksi maternal dan neonatal, persalinan premature, hipoksia karena kompresi tali pusat dan deformitas janin. Di RS William Booth Surabaya tahun 2021 kejadian KPD sebesar 17,73. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu diketahuinya hubungan antara kehamilan letak sungsang dengan kejadian ketuban pecah dini di ruang bersalin RS William Booth Surabaya Tahun 2021. Metode: Penelitian dilaksanakan di RS William Boothpada bulan Agustus 2021 dengan desain penelitian analitik dan pendekatan cross sectional, variabel independen adalah kehamilan letak sungsang, variabel dependen kejadian KPD. Populasi penelitian adalah semua ibu bersalin pada tahun 2021 sejumlah 947 dan besar sampel 281 orang. Teknik sampel yang digunakan yaitu simple random sampling. Hasil: Hasil penelitian dibuat dalam bentuk tabel frekuensi, tabulasi silang dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman Rank dengan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian 65,5% responden tidak mengalami letak sungsang dan 64,1% tidak KPD. Hasil uji Spearman Rank didapatkan bahwa P Value 0,000 dimana p value < α sehingga H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima maka ada hubungan antara kehamilan letak sungsang dengan kejadian KPD. Diskusi: Peran nakes yaitu mendeteksi kelainan letak sungsang sedini mungkin sangat penting dan diharapkan dapat memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik pada ibu hamil dan bersalin sehingga tidak terjadi komplikasi
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN CONTINUITY OF CARE PADA NY “N” USIA 32 TAHUN GIVP2012 MASA HAMIL SAMPAI MASA NIFAS DI PMB ANY ISWAHYUNI SURABAYA.
Authors: Primihastuti Dianita , Astuti Eny , Ina Maria Fransiska Andreani 
Published: December 2021

Pre-eklamsia merupakan resiko tinggi yang sering terjadi pada ibu hamil. Pre-eklamsia diketahui dengan adanya tanda-tanda seperti hipertensi, proteinuria, dan oedema pada ibu hamil. Pre-eklamsia paling sering terjadi pada primigravida muda dan timbul pada usia kehamilan 20 minggu. Pre-eklamsia juga dapat menyebabkan Hemorargich post partum dan kematian pada bayi akibat kurangnya suplai darah dari ibu yang dapat menyebabkan buruknya pertumbuhan janin dalam kandungan atau IUGR (Intra Uterin Growth Retardation) (Prawirohardjo, 2018). Terkadang ibu hamil tidak teratur dalam memeriksakan kehamilannya dan terlambat mendeteksi resiko tinggi sehingga pada proses persalinan tidak dapat dilakukan deteksi dini untuk mengantisipasi komplikasi seperti perdarahan, persalinan yang lama, persalinan prematur,retensio plasenta, rupture uteri pada saat nifas akan timbul atonia uteri, perdarahan yang disebabkan karena kontraksi otot rahim lemah dalam masa involusi. Pada saat nifas apabila tidak dipantau akan timbul masalah seperti HPP, Infeksi serta anemia.Kejadian-kejadian tersebut berpotensi menyumbang AKI dan AKB lebih banyak setiap tahunnya ( Sarwono,2016 ). Upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh bidan yakni dengan adanya pelayanan antenatal care merupakan cara penting untuk mendukung kesehatan ibu hamil dan mendeteksi adanya kehamilan resiko tinggi, di mana nilai Roll Over –Test ( ROT ), Mean Arterial Presure ( MAP ), IMT. Hasil yang didapat dari pendampingan pada kasus ini adalah pendampingan ibu dalam pelayanan pendampingan dalam kehamilan sangat berarti untuk memonitor Kesehatan ibu hamil terutama yang beresiko tinggi seperti pre-eklampsia..
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN KANKER PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI YAYASAN KANKER INDONESIA SURABAYA
Authors: Dewi Erika Untari , Widari Ni Putu 
Published: December 2021

Pada masa pandemi Covid-19 ini mempengaruhi kondisi fisik dan psikologis dari penderita kanker yang bisa berakibat pada kualitas hidupnya. Kualitas hidup seseorang ditentukan oleh individu itu sendiri karena sifatnya sangat spesifik dan bersifat abstrak, serta sulit diukur. Ketidakmampuan penderita memenuhi kebutuhannya dan melakukan perannya akan mengakibatkan penderita mengalami ketidakberdayaan atau putus asa. Ketidakberdayaan atau putus asa yang dialami oleh penderita kanker menurunkan kualitas hidupnya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup yakni usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, sosial ekonomi, status pernikahan, lama sakit dan dukungan keluarga pada pasien Kanker masa pandemi Covid-19 di Yayasan Kanker Indonesia Surabaya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan Faktor usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, sosial ekonomi, status pernikahan dan pekerjaan tidak mempengaruhi kualitas hidup penderita kanker di masa pandemi Covid-19. Faktor lama sakit dan dukungan keluarga mempengaruhi kualitas hidup penderita kanker di masa pandemi Covid-19
PENGARUH STIMULASI PSIKOSOSIAL TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF ANAK USIA PRA SEKOLAH
Authors: Sari Ethyca 
Published: December 2021

Usia prasekolah merupakan salah satu periode emas tumbuh kembang anak , rasa ingin tahu yang besar inilah yang kemudian mendorong anak usia prasekolah mengembangkan kemampuan kognitifnya. Kemampuan kognitif memiliki peran yang besar pada perkembangan kecerdasan . Hal ini tidak lepasa dari fakor genetik dan lingkungan. Stimulasi Psikososial bagi anak salah satunya dari lingkungan keluarga itu sendiri . Lingkungan juga bisa mengekplorasi pengembangan kognitif melalui panca indera sehingga akan mempunyai maafat bagi anak sendiri. Untuk itu aspek kognitif memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam diri seseorang. Dalam penelitian mempergunakan metode one group pre post test dengan uji statistik Wilcoxon. populasinya adalah Anak TK ADNI usia pra sekolah di wilayah Demak Timur Surabaya sejumlah 30 responden.Sample adalah sebagian anak usia pra sekolah di wilayah Demak Timur Surabaya tetapi pada penelitian sample keseluruhan yang diambil yaitu n: 30 anak .dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling . Variabel yang dipergunakan adalah tunggal. Pengumpulan data dengan kuisioner. Hasl penelitian menunjukan Perkembangan kognitif baik berjumlah 16 orang (53%) sedangkan untuk stimulasi Psikososial yang sesuai sebanyak 16 orang ( 53%) . Kesempulannya perkembangan kognitif dan stimulasi Psikososial yang terjadi pada anak yang sesuai jika orang tua memperhatikan dan mengetahui sedini mungkin adanya suatu perubahan yang tidak sesuai dengan perkembangan usia anak secara normal.
KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE PADA REMAJA DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN ORANG TUA
Authors: Halawa Aristina 
Published: December 2021

Kecanduan game online pada remaja ini dapat menimbulkan kecemasan pada orang tua karena remaja menghabiskan waktunya untuk bermain game online dan menjadi tidak bertanggung jawab terhadapt tugas-tugasnya baik di rumah, sekolah maupun tanggungjawab sosialnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kecanduan game online dan tingkat kecemasan orang tua. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja berusia 12-21 tahun yang bermain game online sekitar 5-6 jam bahkan lebih perhari dan orang tua yang anaknya kecanduan game online sejumlah 24 responden. Pengambilan sampel dilakuan dengan cara Total Sampling. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner IAT dan TMAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa remaja yang mengalami kecanduan game online ringan orang tuanya juga mengalami kecemasan ringan yaitu sebanyak 10 orang (72%) dan remaja yang mengalami kecanduan game online berat menunjukkan orangtuanya juga paling banyak mengalam kecemasan berat yaitu sebanyak 5 orang (50%). Dari hasil uji statistik spearmen didapatkan hasil p= 0,001 yang berarti H0 ditolak atau ada hubungan antara kecanduan game online pada remaja dan tingkat kecemasan orang tua. Orang tua dapat melakukan pengawasan pada anak dengan mendampingi anak bermain game online dan memberi batasan waktu yang tegas sehingga anak tidak mengalami kecanduan dan orang tua juga tidak mengalami kecemasan.