bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ‐ aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) interactions in different habitats from Turkey with new mutualistic associations
Authors: Kök Şahin , Aktaç Nihat , Kasap Ismail 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the interactions between ants and aphids on host plants in different habitats located in the northwestern part of Turkey. A total of 26 ant species belonging to 13 genera and 3 subfamilies from the family Formicidae (Hymenoptera) were found associated with 52 aphid species belonging to 22 genera from the family Aphididae (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) on 66 host plant species from 24 plant families.In total, 132 tritrophic ants–aphids–host plants interactions including new associations were revealed.Also, we present results on the interactions of ants–aphids–host plants in different habitats such as cultivated, uncultivated and urban areas. About 85 tritrophic interactions of ants–aphids–host plants were revealed in cultivated, 27 tritrophic interactions in uncultivated and 20 tritrophic interactions in urban areas. Tritrophic interactions were more diverse in cultivated areas than uncultivated and urban areas.Our results reveal that the interactions between ants and aphids are highly diverse and that they vary on host plants in different habitats. It may be thought that this is due to the specialization resulting from the high diversity of host plants of aphids in cultivated areas and increased the presence of ants.
Characterisation and comparison of immune response mechanisms in an indigenous and a commercial pig breed after classical swine fever vaccination
Authors: Mehrotra A. , Bhushan B. , Kumar A. , Panigrahi M. , Chauhan A. , Kumari S. , Saini B. L. , Dutt T. , Mishra B. P. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe live attenuated classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine has been successfully used to prevent and control CSF outbreaks for 6 decades. However, the immune response mechanisms against the vaccine remain poorly understood. Moreover, very few reports exist regarding the breed differences in the response to CSF vaccine. In this study, we generated the peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptomes of indigenous Ghurrah and commercial Landrace pig breeds, before and 7 days after CSF vaccination. Subsequently, between and within‐breed differential gene expression analyses were carried out. Results revealed large differences in pre‐vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome profiles of the two breeds, which were homogenised 7 days after vaccination. Before vaccination, gene set enrichment analysis showed that pathways related to antigen sensing and innate immune response were enriched in Ghurrah, while pathways related to adaptive immunity were enriched in Landrace. Ghurrah exhibited greater immunomodulation compared to Landrace following the vaccination. In Ghurrah, cell‐cycle processes and T‐cell response pathways were upregulated after vaccination. However, no pathways were upregulated in Landrace after vaccination. Pathways related to inflammation were downregulated in both the breeds after vaccination. Key regulators of inflammation such as IL1A, IL1B, NFKBIA and TNF genes were strongly downregulated in both the breeds after vaccination. Overall, our results have elucidated the mechanisms of host immune response against CSF vaccination in two distinct breeds and revealed common key genes instrumental in the global immune response to the vaccine.
Measurement of IgE to hazelnut allergen components cannot replace hazelnut challenge in Dutch adults
Authors: Lyons Sarah A. , Welsing Paco M. J. , Hakobyan Mariam , Kansen Hannah M. , Knol Edward F. , Otten Henny G. , van Ree Ronald , Knulst André C. , Le Thuy‐My 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundComponent‐resolved diagnostics (CRD) help predict hazelnut allergy (HA) in children, but are of unknown diagnostic value in adults. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of IgE to hazelnut extract and components in adults.MethodsA Dutch population of consecutively presenting adults suspected of HA, who underwent a double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge, were included. Serum IgE to hazelnut extract and Cor a 1, 8, 9, and 14 was measured on ImmunoCAP. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by area under the curve (AUC) analysis.ResultsOf 89 patients undergoing challenge, 46 had challenge‐confirmed HA: 17 based on objective and 29 based on subjective symptoms. At commonly applied cutoffs 0.1 and 0.35 kUA/L, high sensitivity was observed for IgE to hazelnut extract and Cor a 1 (range 85–91%), and high specificity for IgE to Cor a 8, 9 and 14 (range 77–95%). However, the AUCs for hazelnut extract and components were too low for accurate prediction of HA (range 0.50–0.56). Combining hazelnut extract and component IgE measurements did not significantly improve accuracy. Higher IgE levels to Cor a 9 and 14 were tentatively associated with HA with objective symptoms, but the corresponding AUCs still only reached 0.68 and 0.63, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough hazelnut allergic adults are generally sensitized to hazelnut extract and Cor a 1, and hazelnut tolerant adults are usually not sensitized to Cor a 8, 9, or 14, challenge testing is still needed to accurately discriminate between presence and absence of HA in adults from a birch‐endemic country.
Clinical value of early assessment of hyperfibrinolysis by rotational thromboelastometry during postpartum hemorrhage for the prediction of severity of bleeding: A multicenter prospective cohort study in the Netherlands
Authors: Tahitu Marije , Ramler Paul I. , Gillissen Ada , Caram‐Deelder Camila , Henriquez Dacia D. C. A. , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Duvekot Johannes J. , Eikenboom Jeroen , Bloemenkamp Kitty W. M. , van den Akker Thomas , van der Bom Johanna G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionCoagulopathy may be the result of hyperfibrinolysis and could exacerbate bleeding following childbirth. Timely recognition of hyperfibrinolysis during the earliest stages of postpartum hemorrhage could identify women at risk of more severe blood loss who may benefit from targeted anti‐fibrinolytic therapy. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) is a point‐of‐care test that could detect hyperfibrinolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether early assessment of hyperfibrinolysis by ROTEM during postpartum hemorrhage could predict progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage.Material and methodsDuring a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands among women with postpartum hemorrhage (total blood loss at least 1000 ml within 24 h after childbirth) ROTEM measurements were performed following 800–1500 ml of blood loss. Hyperfibrinolysis was defined as an enzymatic fibrinolysis index (ROTEM EXTEM maximum clot lysis [ML] minus the ROTEM APTEM ML) above 15%. Severe postpartum hemorrhage was defined as a composite end point of total blood loss greater than 2000 ml, transfusion of four or more units of packed cells, and/or need for an invasive intervention. The predictive value of hyperfibrinolysis for progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage was assessed by area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and positive and negative predictive values. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02149472).ResultsOf 390 women included, 82 (21%) had severe postpartum hemorrhage. Four (1%) women had thromboelastometric evidence of hyperfibrinolysis, of whom two developed severe postpartum hemorrhage. The AUC for enzymatic fibrinolysis index more than 15% for progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage was 0.47 (95% CI 0.40–0.54). Positive and negative predictive values for this index were 50.0% (95% CI 6.8–93.2) and 79.3% (95% CI 74.9–83.2), respectively.ConclusionsThromboelastometric evidence of hyperfibrinolysis was rare in women with postpartum hemorrhage when assessed between 800 and 1500 ml of blood loss. The clinical predictive value of viscoelastometric point‐of‐care testing for hyperfibrinolysis for progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage during early postpartum hemorrhage is limited.
Accurate classification of plasma cell dyscrasias is achieved by combining artificial intelligence and flow cytometry
Authors: Clichet Valentin , Harrivel Véronique , Delette Caroline , Guiheneuf Eric , Gautier Murielle , Morel Pierre , Assouan Déborah , Merlusca Lavinia , Beaumont Marie , Lebon Delphine , Caulier Alexis , Marolleau Jean‐Pierre , Matthes Thomas , Vergez François , Garçon Loïc , Boyer Thomas 
Published: November 2021

SummaryMonoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM), and multiple myeloma (MM) are very common neoplasms. However, it is often difficult to distinguish between these entities. In the present study, we aimed to classify the most powerful markers that could improve diagnosis by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC). The present study included 348 patients based on two independent cohorts. We first assessed how representative the data were in the discovery cohort (123 MM, 97 MGUS) and then analysed their respective plasma cell (PC) phenotype in order to obtain a set of correlations with a hypersphere visualisation. Cluster of differentiation (CD)27 and CD38 were differentially expressed in MGUS and MM (P < 0·001). We found by a gradient boosting machine method that the percentage of abnormal PCs and the ratio PC/CD117 positive precursors were the most influential parameters at diagnosis to distinguish MGUS and MM. Finally, we designed a decisional algorithm allowing a predictive classification ≥95% when PC dyscrasias were suspected, without any misclassification between MGUS and SMM. We validated this algorithm in an independent cohort of PC dyscrasias (n = 87 MM, n = 41 MGUS). This artificial intelligence model is freely available online as a diagnostic tool application website for all MFC centers worldwide (https://aihematology.shinyapps.io/PCdyscrasiasToolDg/).
Supporting family and friends of young people with mental health issues using online technology: A rapid scoping literature review
Authors: Migliorini Christine , Lam Danielle ( Sui‐Man) , Harvey Carol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimFamily and friends are often the first and/or only support options used by young people (12–25 years) struggling with mental health issues. The overarching aim of this literature review is to map current practice in online interventions specifically targeting family and friends of young people with mental health issues, especially relevant in light of the current worldwide COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA rapid scoping literature review was conducted searching health and psychology databases for online interventions targeting family and friends supporting a young person (12–25 years) struggling with a mental health issue. The search strategy was comprehensive and expert librarian endorsed. The final synthesis comprised 13 articles.ResultsIdentified articles were few, reporting a disparate range of research aims, intervention content and delivery modes. Studies addressing caregivers of adolescents with a mental health diagnosis were small‐scale, although suggested virtual modalities are positively received and viable alternatives to other delivery methods with potential for equivalent outcomes. Five randomized control trials involving caregivers of ‘at‐risk’ adolescents reported improved parental knowledge, but mixed effects on family functioning.ConclusionsPreliminary evidence suggests flexible online options including professional and peer support, to respond to carers' busy lives are needed to maximize benefits. Content that is sufficiently individualized and targeted to address the diverse needs of parents, as well as other caregivers, is also required. Well‐being and self‐care, in addition to parenting skills should be given more consideration in online interventions. Examination of the value of support from peers is also warranted.
Proactive management of kangaroos for conservation and ecosystem restoration – Wild Deserts, Sturt National Park, NSW
Authors: Pedler Reece , Read John , Moseby Katherine , Kingsford Richard , West Rebecca 
Published: November 2021

SummaryKangaroo populations have increased significantly across Australia’s arid rangelands where the Dingo (Canis dingo) is excluded, with some of the highest concentrations in western New South Wales. Novel adaptive management tools are needed to conserve kangaroo (Macropus and Osphranter spp.) populations and avoid negative impacts to biodiversity, agricultural production and animal welfare associated with their overabundance. Kangaroo densities within the Wild Deserts ecosystem restoration project within Sturt National Park in western New South Wales exceeded 100/km2 in mid‐2016, during an 18‐year regional population high. Following mass population declines attributed to emigration, an estimated 7,700 (±2,100 SE) kangaroos died within the 350‐km2 Wild Deserts site over an 8‐month period during drought (December 2017–August 2018). Population trends recorded at Wild Deserts were similar to population declines recorded during annual aerial survey counts across western New South Wales over the same period. With New South Wales (NSW) National Parks and Wildlife Service, Wild Deserts developed a kangaroo management plan to avoid future catastrophic mortality from starvation and mitigate associated ecosystem impacts. Conservation management centred upon a 104‐km2 Adaptive Management Zone, fenced to trial adaptive management of sustainable kangaroo populations and restore habitats for the reintroduction of locally extinct mammals. Kangaroos were removed from two 20‐km2 exclosures, adjacent to the Adaptive Management Zone, to provide baselines against which kangaroo populations could be assessed under variable environmental conditions. To effect this management, we assessed the effectiveness of one‐way weldmesh spear and flap gates to provide passive unidirectional movement through fences. Of 171 approaches by adult Red Kangaroos to spear gates, 57 resulted in successful exits, while none of 51 approaches resulted in return movements, supporting the utility of spear gates as a practical and effective tool for directional exits of kangaroos through fences.
Improving Kangaroo Management: A Joint Statement
Authors: Read John L. , Wilson George R. , Coulson Graeme , Cooney Rosie , Paton David C. , Moseby Katherine E. , Snape Melissa A. , Edwards Melanie J. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThis Statement on improving kangaroo management originates from the shared experience of many peak bodies and stakeholders that existing policy and practices related to kangaroo management cause perverse outcomes for animal welfare, conservation, productivity, waste, drought resilience, climate, and the health, culture and wellbeing of Australians. The Statement was developed in consultation with delegates from two kangaroo symposia in 2019, and broadened through contributions from other ecological, Aboriginal, animal welfare and conservation stakeholders who believe reform is necessary. Positive change across all these domains requires an empathetic, science‐based collaborative and coordinated approach to improve management of kangaroos in Australia, which in turn requires building a broad social mandate for reform. This manuscript presents the drivers and definitions for the Statement and key references documenting the causes and recommended solutions for improving kangaroo management, including many of the papers in this volume. An extensive inventory of conservation, agricultural, animal welfare, indigenous and scientific organisations that have endorsed the Statement is provided. We aim to inform public opinions and drive necessary change to policy, attitude and actions to appropriately value, conserve and utilise kangaroos where there is a tendency for overpopulation. Recommendations include development of a National Kangaroo Strategy that includes discussion on whether overabundant kangaroos are a legitimate sustainable resource that should be managed as such rather than being largely wasted as the by‐product of pest control to protect other industries or conservation landuses.
Advances in aerial survey methods for macropods in New South Wales and Queensland
Authors: Finch Neal , Pople Anthony , McLeod Steven R. , Wallace Glenn 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThis paper describes advances made to aerial surveys of macropods in New South Wales and Queensland. Regular aerial surveys of macropods across large areas of Australia’s arid and semi‐arid rangelands were established as a response to concerns for the species’ conservation. They became integral to the harvest management of the four macropod species – Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), Western Grey Kangaroo (M.fuliginosus), Red Kangaroo (Osphranter rufus) and Common Wallaroo (O.robustus). Harvest quotas are set as a proportion of population size, requiring absolute estimates of abundance. Counts were made in strip transects from fixed‐wing aircraft, but required correction for animals that are missed. In New South Wales and Queensland, counts are now made using line transect sampling, providing survey‐specific correction. Helicopters are used in more rugged and timbered areas and where Common Wallaroo can be more frequently found and harvested. Mark‐recapture distance sampling is used in more open country that can be surveyed using fixed‐wing aircraft and improves the accuracy of density estimates by accounting for animals missed on the transect line. Macropod populations are likely to be surveyed in the future by airborne imagery and by drones, but the technology needs further development. Spatial models could usefully provide small‐scale density estimates and address non‐random sampling.
Assessing the spatial and temporal organization of Red Kangaroo, Western Grey Kangaroo and Eastern Grey Kangaroo populations in eastern Australia using multivariate autoregressive state‐space models
Authors: McLeod Steven R. , Finch Neal , Wallace Glenn , Pople Anthony R. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryTo identify patterns in the temporal dynamics and spatial organization of kangaroo subpopulations that are commercially harvested, we fitted multivariate autoregressive state‐space (MARSS) models to time series of kangaroo abundance from the main harvest zones of eastern Australia (1990–2019 for New South Wales and 1984–2019 for Queensland). We found that the responses of most populations to process variation, that is variation due to environmental or demographic stochasticity were correlated and that populations responded synchronously to environmental changes. Furthermore, we examined the influence of the covariates lagged rainfall, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and harvest rate on kangaroo abundance. We found that lagged rainfall had a positive influence, SOI and harvest rate had negative influences but the influence of covariates was not consistent across species or between subpopulations. In terms of population spatial structure, the analysis identified two subpopulations of Red Kangaroo (Osphranter rufus) in New South Wales and four subpopulations of grey kangaroos (a combination of Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) and Western Grey Kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus)), which appeared to be associated with a rainfall gradient from east‐west. In Queensland, separate subpopulations were identified in each of the three main harvest management zones for both Red Kangaroo and Eastern Grey Kangaroo. The implications of these results for the management of commercially harvested kangaroos are discussed.
Global trends health science libraries: Part 1
Authors: Murphy Jeannette 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis is the first of three articles based on articles published in the Health Information and Libraries Journal's Regular Feature (International Perspectives and Initiatives). Key trends from 12 countries in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia were identified. In this issue, two trends are described: emergence of new roles and challenges for library staff; supporting researchers engaging in research data management and maintaining institutional repositories. Readers are challenged to compare these trends with their own experiences.J.M.
Occurrence and disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory pathogens in adults aged ≥65 years in community: A prospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Kurai Daisuke , Natori Makiko , Yamada Maho , Zheng Richuan , Saito Yuki , Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe frequency and clinical profile of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–acute respiratory disease (ARD) in older adults in Japan has not been well‐characterized.MethodsThis was a multicenter prospective observational cohort study to evaluate the occurrence rate of ARD in 1000 older adult participants (≥65 years) for 52 weeks during the 2019 to 2020 season. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel was used for pathogen detection in nasopharyngeal swab from participants diagnosed with ARD. Symptoms and impact of ARD was assessed using the Respiratory Infection Intensity and Impact Questionnaire (RiiQ™). The study was registered at UMIN (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/): UMIN000037891.ResultsRSV–ARD was detected in 24/1000 (2.4%) participants and RSV‐lower respiratory tract disease in 8/1000 (0.8%) participants. The median duration of RSV–ARD was 18 days. All 24 participants had utilized the medical services of outpatient visits and only 1 (4.2%) participant was hospitalized for RSV–ARD. The most common viruses other than RSV that caused ARD (detected in >10 participants) were human rhinovirus/enterovirus, parainfluenza 3, coronavirus OC43, human metapneumovirus, and influenza A/H1. The most frequent symptoms of RSV–ARD were cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and expectoration.ConclusionsRSV was reported as a major pathogen for respiratory infections in older adults in Japan.