bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Modern “Experience”
Authors: Golia Julie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyzes “Experience,” the popular and long-running Detroit News advice column that transformed into a vibrant virtual community. “Experience” letter writers became longtime, regular contributors, addressing their letters not just to columnist Nancy Brown but to other participants—and to readers writ large. They crafted a collective narrative around the loneliness of city life and assuaged their sadness through the anonymous comfort of strangers, with whom they fostered long-term and deeply felt virtual friendships. The column’s anonymity promised its participants freedom of expression and a space for authentic confession—even as many of the biographical details participants shared were likely embellished or altered. Columns like “Experience” established the language and practices of virtual communities decades before the emergence of the Internet.
Free speech on social media
Authors: Sorabji Richard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 turns to an important problem of the present day. It says that law is after all required if freedoms are to be preserved, when some of the online social media offset the benefits they have to offer by basing their profits on exploiting personal profiles based on personal data left online by users. It spells out the bad effects of this and counters the suggestion that any media producing these bad effects can claim to be supporting free speech as understood by those reviewed in chapters 1 and 2. It supports the education of nine- to eleven-year-olds in detecting fake news and targeted news, and recommends encouraging compliant media. But with reference to government documents, it also proposes new legislation and new methods of enforcement against such misuse of speech.
Introduction
Authors: Pavel Carmen E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paradox of commitment obtains both among individuals and states. Individuals are reluctant to reduce their freedom in order to submit themselves to rules that augment the freedom of all. Similarly, states have difficulty relinquishing their autonomy for the sake of their protection and the protection of other states. However, the fundamental rules of mutual tolerance among states are not self-enforcing. States require institutionalized, impartial mechanisms for interpreting, applying, and enforcing those rules and for solving the inevitable conflicts and disagreements that arise in the process of deciphering and complying with them. The introduction sets out the theoretical and practical context for the argument presented in this book and provides a chapter summary.
Conclusion
Authors: Pavel Carmen E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The conclusion shows that while the book draws on international legal scholarship, legal philosophy, and empirical and qualitative political science, its mode of analysis distinguishes it as a work of political philosophy. It identifies some of the central moral ideals of the rule of law and places them at the core of a revised international legal system. The ultimate beneficiaries of a revised international law are the individuals living in various states. Their interests are better protected when states respect human rights, cooperate peacefully, refrain from producing negative externalities, and protect natural resources. The political philosophy this project draws on is one which takes individuals as the ultimate units of moral concern. This book demonstrates that normative analyses of international law can be substantially enriched by taking this perspective.
Introduction
Authors: Myrick Nathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the topic of musical worship and ethics. It describes the rationale for the book and the research that inspired it, along with the scope of its claims. In highlighting the importance of ethical reflection on the activity of musical worship, particularly the intersections and ongoing synergies of ritual, community, subjectivities, aesthetics, dogma, and personal identities, the chapter situates the book as one in a line of interdisciplinary scholarship that provides a variety of perspectives on a given subject—in this case, the ethical significance of musical worship.
Response
Authors: Myrick Nathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter interweaves theological reflections from the traditions of American theological ethics and music philosophy with the author’s fieldwork, showing how an ethic of responsiveness makes claims on participants in the activity of musical worship. It argues that caring responsibilities that arise from such musical activity will require attentiveness to both relationships and justice. The chapter claims that this kind of care oriented toward restorative justice is a Christian response to biblical depictions of “the greatest commandment[s].” The chapter shows examples of how this just and caring responsiveness in musical worship may be enacted, concluding with an affirmation of the centrality of relationships for human beings.
How Nations Remember
Authors: Wertsch James V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
How Nations Remember draws on multiple disciplines in the humanities and social sciences to examine how a nation’s account of the past shapes its actions in the present. National memory can underwrite noble aspirations, but the volume focuses largely on how it contributes to the negative tendencies of nationalism that give rise to confrontation. Narratives are taken as units of analysis for examining the psychological and cultural dimensions of remembering particular events and also for understanding the schematic codes and mental habits that underlie national memory more generally. In this account, narratives are approached as tools that shape the views of members of national communities to such an extent that they serve as co-authors of what people say and think. Drawing on illustrations from Russia, China, Georgia, the United States, and elsewhere, the book examines how “narrative templates,” “narrative dialogism,” and “privileged event narratives” shape nations’ views of themselves and their relations with others. The volume concludes with a list of ways to manage the disputes that pit one national community against another.
A Conceptual Tool Kit
Authors: Wertsch James V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The chapter begins with a section on methods and forms of evidence that outlines the difference between top-down and bottom-up analyses of national memory and notes that the latter will be given more emphasis in this book than is the case in many studies of national identity and memory. The section also argues that by understanding how narrative tools can “co-author” individuals’ speaking and thinking, it is possible to avoid misguided notions of “primordialism” that are part of the rhetorical claims of nationalists. The next section examines the sense in which national memory is memory and argues for the need to focus on remembering individuals as members of groups. This involves a review of ideas from figures such as Maurice Halbwachs and Frederic Bartlett on collective and individual memory. This is followed by a section on “Flashbulb Memories as Memory in the Group,” which uses a body of literature in psychology to develop a conceptually grounded notion of national memory that includes the observation that Bartlett’s notion of schema underpins much of the entire discussion. The next section, on “symbolic mediation,” reviews the origins of this idea in the writings of several European and Russian scholars and goes into the case of literacy as an illustration as outlined in empirical studies by Luria and Vygotsky. It then poses an analogous line of reasoning for narratives as symbolic mediation. This includes a discussion of the “inner logic” of narrative tools, “narrative truth,” and two levels of narrative analysis (“specific narratives” and “narrative templates”).
Walking the Way Together
Authors: Jenkins Kathleen E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In Walking the Way Together, Kathleen E. Jenkins offers an in-depth ethnographic study of parents and their adult children who walk the Camino de Santiago. A Catholic visitation site of medieval origins with walking paths across Europe, the Camino culminates at the shrine of St. James in the city of Santiago de Compostela, the capital of Galicia, an autonomous region of Spain. It has become a popular point of religious tourism for Catholics, spiritual seekers, scholars, adventurers, and cultural tourists. In 2019, 347,578 people arrived at the Pilgrim’s Office seeking a certificate of completion; they had walked anywhere from 100 to over 800 kilometers. Like other sites of pilgrimage and tourism, the Camino has been deeply altered by media and digital technologies. The book brings alive family stories of investing in pilgrimage as a practice for strengthening kin relationships and becoming a part of each other’s emotional and spiritual understandings. The social and spiritual encounters that supported and inhibited these relational goals emerge as fathers, mothers, sons, and daughters describe walking for six hours or more each day through mountain, rural, and urban paths. They are stories of pleasant surprises, disappointments, lessons learned, and the far-reaching emotional power that the memory of ritual failures and successes can carry. Ultimately, they present the potential for pilgrimage to foster and maintain intimate ties in today’s fragile world, to build an engaged social consciousness, and to encourage reflection of digital devices and social medium platforms in the pursuit of spirituality.
Planning the Mysterious
Authors: Jenkins Kathleen E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter illustrates how parents and their young adult children approached making decisions about how they would walk the Camino de Santiago together and the role that Camino guidebooks, published pilgrims’ narratives, and online sites played in their expectations and design. Drawing largely from formal interviews with pilgrims, it highlights the abundance of choices these parents and young adult children faced regarding hospitality, travel, and digital technologies. The chapter emphasizes how, through familiar mechanisms and processes of buying family leisure time, they pursued the Camino’s call to be open to the unknown and its promise of sacred connection to others, nature, and mystical encounters.
Spiritual Intimacies
Authors: Jenkins Kathleen E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter illustrates how family members’ Camino expectations played out in their descriptions of shared pilgrimage experience. It reveals how their stories matched the self-searching, relational connection, and caring expectations found in larger cultural therapeutic understandings and expectations of family intimacy, and it explores the salience of gender as it relates to the type of spiritual intimacy parents described. The chapter considers how most research participants told stories that demonstrated a larger archetype of travel for transformation; theirs were narratives of journeying through a space that brought change to their everyday relationships upon their return home.
Connective Memories
Authors: Jenkins Kathleen E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter illustrates how families constructed recollections of spiritual intimacy that had the potential to shape new experiences of intimacy upon their return home. Drawing from Randall Collins’s work on the character and function of the emotional energy at work in ritual life, it discusses the emotional weight of ritual memories, symbolic recollections of Camino spiritual intimacy that had the potential to change family relationships and identity. It describes three types of connective memories family members talked about as significant: quiet memories (stories and sensory memories that are generally more private and shared only with intimate others), digital memories (photographs and other media forms of constructed memory), and material memories (printed photographs, symbolic objects such as jewelry, a pilgrim’s stamped credentials, and Camino tattoos). The chapter also discusses distancing memories, negative ritual emotional memories with the potential to sever feelings of family/group identity and solidarity with others and nature.
The Separation of Law and Religion
Authors: Banner Stuart 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses an important change in lawyers’ understanding of the relationship between the spheres of law and religion during the 19th century. In the early Republic these spheres substantially overlapped. Natural law was understood to have been created by God. Christianity was considered to be part of the common law. Americans may not have become any less religious in the 19th century, but they increasingly came to think of religion as part of one’s private, personal life, separate from the public sphere of law. As law and religion separated, the notion that natural law should play a role in the legal system came to seem more and more anomalous.
Broadcasting the Diva of Dubbing
Authors: Fleeger Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor children growing up in the Pacific Northwest in the 1970s and 1980s, Hollywood playback artist Marni Nixon was known not as the singing voice of Deborah Kerr or Audrey Hepburn, but as “Marni,” the cheerful mother of an incorrigible yellow puppet named Norbert, whose problems she solved on local television with a story and a song. The award-winning Boomerang (1975–1981) reveals how the goals of educational television were linked to expectations of the maternal voice embodied in a figure familiar to parents from the Hollywood musical. The placement of Marni Nixon in a lineage of televisual children’s ventriloquists such as Shari Lewis and Fred Rogers further destabilizes the voice that would only appear to be finally united with a body. This chapter analyzes Boomerang’s structure and style alongside parenting manuals from the period to argue that the fissures in viewers’ perception of Marni Nixon reflect a shift in the cultural understanding of how mothers should interact with their children, a change surprisingly dependent on discourses of ventriloquism.
Identity Politics and Vocal “Whitewashing” in Celebrity Lip-Syncs
Authors: O’Meara Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe popularity of celebrity lip-syncing in contemporary media culture often lies in the presentation of racial and/or gender-based disjunctions between the connotations of the voice that is heard and the body that is seen. This chapter argues that such racial ventriloquism can be conceived as vocal “whitewashing,” which involves changing a preexisting vocal performance by a person of color into one by a white person. With a focus on two performances by white actors (Paul Rudd and Emma Stone) on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and a contrasting performance by a Black actor (Taraji P. Henson) on Lip Sync Battle, the chapter contextualizes and historicizes the trend in which white celebrities “try on” the voices of singers of color. It demonstrates how the racial ventriloquism involved in such lip-syncs intersects problematically with histories of cultural appropriation in the US film and music industries.
Augustine’s Use of Rhetorical Economy in His Scriptural Hermeneutic
Authors: Gronewoller Brian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chapters 1–2 form a distinct unit (Part I), establishing several foundations for the arguments in the remaining chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on rhetorical economy, introducing the concept and previous research on Augustine’s incorporation of it into an area which intersects naturally with ideas from literary and rhetorical theory—his scriptural hermeneutic. The final section of this chapter then demonstrates that Augustine utilizes rhetorical economy in his scriptural hermeneutic as early as AD 387–8. Chapter 1 thus establishes that Augustine: (1) utilizes rhetorical economy in his work as a Christian; and (2) does this quite soon after his conversion to Christianity.
The Gallican Evangelicals
Authors: Bruening Michael W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Gallican evangelicals of the 1550s and 1560s, represented here primarily by Jean de Monluc, François Bauduin, and Charles Du Moulin, stayed on the path blazed by early French evangelicals and continued to seek evangelical reform within the existing French church. Monluc, bishop of Valence, adopted Protestant ideas and practices in his diocese. He worked with the lawyer Bauduin and Huguenot nobleman Antoine of Navarre to try to forge a religious compromise at the Colloquy of Poissy. Calvin turned against Bauduin, whom he labeled a moyenneur. Legal expert Charles Du Moulin lived briefly among the Reformed in Switzerland, Germany, and Montbéliard before returning to France, where he outwardly abjured the Protestant faith but increasingly wrote about religious matters from an evangelical perspective. Du Moulin turned bitterly against the Calvinists, however, for he feared they were taking over the evangelical movement in France.
Reaching the Internal Tension Model
Authors: Cohn Margit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides the basis of the model advanced in the book. Based on the internal tension model, governing constitutionalism-at-large, the chapter submits that the executive is best viewed as straddling the line between subjection to law and dominance beyond law. This is no ‘paradox:’ embodying one of the tensions ingrained in constitutional law, the executive draws on an irresolvable tension between its role as executor of law, under the separation of powers ideal, and its function as manager, or dominant decision-maker in the political sphere, in which it acts above and beyond the law. Under the internal tension model, normative theory can be better expounded, and the extent of required constraints over excessive power can be better addressed. The chapter discusses, and rejects, three models of the executive branch, all of which are based on hierarchical and dichotomous thinking. The subservient executive model connotes full supremacy of the constitution and legislation over the executive; the imperial executive model draws on a vision of executive supremacy; and the third, bipolar model offers a vision of alternating modes of operation. All are set aside in favour of a model that recognizes the internal tension which underlies executive action.
Legislation-Generated Fuzziness
Authors: Cohn Margit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Under classic accounts, a single, overarching and all-inclusive legislative mandate or organic statute grants executive agencies the authority to act in a specified field of action, and delineates the contours of their action by setting limits and conditions. However, as any practitioner can attest, the legislative mandate, when it exists, is never the sole source of executive authority, and is always supported by other legal rules. There will usually be other legal rules that have no direct link to the legislative mandate, when it exists: other statutes, executive orders, and other unilateral measures, and, in a Federal system, state law, when and as far as it pertains to any aspect of a Federal arrangement. The chapter analyses two patterns of patchwork legislation, piling-up and dispersion. Using examples from the UK and the US in the fields of emergency and air pollution law, the chapter claims that the existence of multiple rules fuzzies-up the law. Varying in intensity and form, patchwork law commonly features in these four examples of domestic authorizations to act under, and beyond, formal law.
Postcolonial Security
Authors: Wyss Marco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In light of the discrepancy between Britain’s and France’s postcolonial security roles in Africa, which seemed already determined half a decade after independence, this book studies the making of the postcolonial security relationship during the transfer of power and the early years of independence (1958–1966). The focus is on West Africa and, more specifically, on Nigeria and Côte d’Ivoire. While it was in this subregion that the decolonization wave emerged and the Cold War made its debut in Africa, the newly independent states of Nigeria and Côte d’Ivoire rapidly evolved into key players in the postcolonial struggle for Africa. Based on research in fourteen archives in Africa, Europe, and the United States, the book comparatively investigates the establishment of formal defence relations, the disintegration of the Anglo-Nigerian ‘special relationship’ and Franco-Ivorian ‘neocolonial collusion’, the provision of British and French military assistance to their former colonies and the competition they faced from West Germany and Israel respectively, and the Anglo-American partnership in Nigeria and the Franco-American rivalry in Côte d’Ivoire. Through this investigation it becomes evident that, whereas Britain was rapidly and increasingly pushed out of and replaced in the Nigerian security sector by Western competitors, France succeeded in retaining its military foothold and pre-eminence in Côte d’Ivoire. Informed by postcolonial approaches, this book argues that while London’s Cold War blinkers and Paris’s neo-imperial agenda were part of the equation, the postcolonial security relationship was ultimately determined by the Nigerian and Ivorian elites, which in turn responded to their local and regional circumstances against the background of the Cold War in Africa.
Doing Justice to History
Authors: Sander Barrie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs communities—both local and international—have struggled to make sense of mass atrocity situations, expectations have increasingly been placed on international criminal courts to render authoritative historical accounts of the episodes of mass violence that fall within their purview. Taking these expectations as its point of departure, Doing Justice to History seeks to understand international criminal courts through the prism of their historical function—critically examining how such courts confront the past by constructing historical narratives concerning both the culpability of the accused on trial and the broader mass atrocity contexts in which they are alleged to have participated. The book argues that international criminal courts are host to struggles for historical justice, discursive contests between different actors vying for judicial acknowledgement of their preferred interpretations of the past. By examining these struggles within different institutional settings, the book surfaces the legitimating qualities of international criminal judgments—illuminating, in particular, what tends to be foregrounded and included within, as well as marginalised and excluded from, the narratives of international criminal courts in practice. What emerges from this account is a sense of the significance of thinking about the emancipatory limits and possibilities of international criminal courts in terms of the historical narratives that are constructed and contested both within and beyond the courtroom in different institutional and societal contexts.