bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic predictors of cytokine response in ENT-associated encephalitis
Authors: Kravtsov V. V. , Shnayder N. A. , Neznanov N. G. , Krivopalov A. A. , Yanov Y. K. , Nasyrova R. F. , Shamkina P. A. , Gavrilyuk O. A. 
Published: July 2021

(1) Introduction: An imbalance of the genetically determined cytokine response plays a key role in the etiology of ENT-associated encephalitis. In recent years, an attempt has been made to evaluatethe prognostic role of chronic pathology of the paranasal sinuses in the development of acute, subacute and chronic encephalitis and meningitis, which in clinical practice are manifested both as cerebral and focal neurological symptoms and as mental disorders: from borderline to psychotic ones. The problem requires a multidisciplinary approach on the part of the specialists in the following clinical disciplines: neurology (as well as neurobiology), psychiatry, immunology, experimental medicine, otorhinolaryngology, and pharmacogenetics. The solution of this problem is possible with the involvement of preventive and personalized medicine.(2) The purpose:Evaluation the prognostic role of genetic polymorphisms of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in the development of ENT-associated encephalitis.(3) Materials and Methods: We conducted a keyword-based analysis of the English and Russian-language articles published within the past 30 years (from 1988 to 2018). The following databases were used in the study: PubMed, MedLine, Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics), Web Science, Russian Science Citation Index, Scopus, Scientific Research, Google Scholar, Oxford Press, and eLibrary.(4) Results: In a number of the analyzed works, regardless of the causative agent and viral load, an increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokine production was noted in patients with more severe disease progression, neurological complications and unfavorable outcomes, both in viral encephalitis and in bacterial one. Based on this, 30 single nucleotide variants (SNV), their influence on the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, as well as their predictor role in the development of ENT-associated encephalitis were analyzed. Due to the nature of the systemic immune response, the analysis included both cerebral and extracerebral pathology-associated SNV. The inconsistency of the previously obtained results was noted, an attempt to explain this phenomenon was made. The analysis of the dynamics and geography of publications on the stated topic was made, the leading Russian scientific centers in the field were defined. The most promising SNV for further studies were identified.(5) Conclusion:The risk of developing ENT-associated encephalitis is associated with a genetically determined status of the cytokine response and its regulation. Studies of the association of various SNV of genes encoding pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the Russian Federation need to be continued.
Dissosiativ identitetsforstyrrelse i utredning av barn og ungdom: Teori og kliniske utfordringer
Authors: Herner Linn Breen , Førde Stein , Helland Ingrid B. , Knudsen-Heier Stine , Diseth Trond H. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Clinical practice and recent research indicate that dissociative symptoms and disorders are left unidentified and undiagnosed by health professionals. Based on a clinical case from our work setting, this article describes relevant literature regarding dissociation and dissociative disorders to add to the knowledge of the theoretical and phenomenological features of complex dissociative disorders. Further, we describe differential diagnostic challenges that may arise in clinical practice.
Methods: The authors work in specialized health care and have extensive clinical expertise in complex dissociative symptomatology in children. Both systematic and non-systematic literature searches were performed.
Findings: Recent research shows the Trauma model to be central to understanding dissociative disorders. Symptoms can be mistaken for cognitive difficulties, oppositional issues or other somatic symptoms. Quantitative measures, systematic observations and clinical evaluations are fundamental for identifying dissociative symptoms and disorders.
Implications: There is potential for identifying and evaluating dissociative symptoms at an earlier stage. Interdisciplinary and differential diagnostic evaluations are crucial to provide adequate understanding, assessment, and treatment of these patients.
Keywords: Dissociative identity disorder, dissociation, somnambulism, biopsychosocial framework, clinical practice
Merknad: forfatterne oppgir ingen interessekonflikter.
Fagfellevurdert artikkel.
Dorothy and Professor Wilder
Authors: Troubetzkoy Sergei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dorothy Ulrich was Thornton Wilder’s student at the University of Chicago in 1934. Subsequently, they became lifelong friends, as evidenced in the letters Wilder wrote her, which often answered questions about his work while Ulrich was writing her master’s thesis about it and also commented on her poetry or magazine and newspaper articles, which she sent him. She also became friends with Wilder’s sister Isabel. Ulrich’s 1938 essay about Wilder as a teacher and about Our Town, which originally appeared in The University of Chicago Magazine, is reprinted here.
“Directing the Director”
Authors: Hallquist Terryl W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In 1955, American director Alan Schneider invited Thornton Wilder to attend rehearsals of the production he was preparing of The Skin of Our Teeth, the first important revival of the play since its premiere a decade earlier. Wilder’s rehearsal notes contained in a letter he sent Schneider after attending the rehearsal have not been previously published. Wilder’s interpretive insights into his work and his guidance for Schneider concerning the challenges inherent in The Skin of Our Teeth provide not only new historical information about the journey of this Pulitzer Prize-winning play, but they also offer useful guidance to future directors of the play. Additionally, this letter, the full text of which is transcribed here, reflects the congenial working relationship between these two important twentieth-century theater artists and points to Wilder’s continued influence over the professional career of Schneider who went on to become the foremost American director of the plays of Samuel Beckett and Edward Albee.
Formação de professores nas licenciaturas e as diretrizes de formação: análise do marco legal atual
Authors: Madela Angelica , Ventura Lidnei 
Published: July 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo geral compreender as transformações ocorridas nas diretrizes curriculares nacionais para a formação de professores - licenciaturas, nos anos de 2015 a 2019. Derivado deste objetivo geral, este estudo terá os seguintes objetivos específicos: a) Refletir sobre a formação de professores e o trabalho docente; b) Identificar e descrever as diretrizes curriculares nacionais para a formação de professores - licenciaturas, nos anos de 2015-2019; c) Refletir sobre a BNC-Formação para as licenciaturas; e, d) Analisar as implicações das novas diretrizes para a práxis docente. Para o percurso metodológico, este estudo partiu de uma abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório bibliométrico e bibliográfico. A análise das informações foi realizada por meio da análise documental proposta por Lüdke e André (2012). As transformações ocorridas nas diretrizes curriculares nacionais para a formação de professores - licenciatura, têm se constituído em meio a disputas e rupturas de ideais políticos-econômicos. E, por estarem ainda em curso ou aguardando implementação, não é possível mensurar se estas mudanças permitirão ao licenciado enfrentar o início de uma carreira docente de forma consistente.
De plaats van de onderneming in de samenleving en van de samenleving in de onderneming
Authors: Makkink G.C. 
Published: July 2021

De plaats van de onderneming in de samenleving en van de samenleving in de onderneming
Als ondernemingen daadwerkelijk maatschappelijke verantwoordelijkheid dragen, levert dat verplichtingen op. Het is de vraag wie die verplichtingen formuleert en wie nakoming van die verplichtingen kan afdwingen. Het ondernemingsrecht moet op die vragen antwoorden formuleren.
De beheerder van aandelen
Authors: van Emden E.L.A. , Wareman J. 
Published: July 2021

De beheerder van aandelen
De Ondernemingskamer heeft in haar uitspraak van 30 april 2019 duidelijkheid geschapen over het rechtskarakter van het tijdelijk beheer van aandelen. Een aantal vragen is daarmee nog niet beantwoord. In dit artikel worden de volgende vraagpunten behandeld: kan de Beheerder meewerken aan het ontslag van de bestuurder, kan de Beheerder meewerken aan verkoop van de activa, hoe kan de Beheerder dekking krijgen voor mogelijke proceskosten indien hij aansprakelijk wordt gesteld en, ten slotte, dient de regelgeving met betrekking tot de openbare registers te worden aangepast?
De positie van de belanghebbende in het enquêterecht
Authors: Hanegraaf C.E.J.M. 
Published: July 2021

De positie van de belanghebbende in het enquêterecht
De auteur gaat in deze bijdrage in op de kwesties wie in het enquêterecht als belanghebbenden kwalificeren en wat de bevoegdheden van belanghebbenden zijn. Tevens besteedt hij aandacht aan enkele ‘knelpunten’ in wetgeving en jurisprudentie. De auteur stelt onder meer de introductie van een ‘Leidraad Belanghebbenden’ voor.
‘A change in the men’s everyday lives’ – a grounded theory study
Authors: Helgesen Ann Karin 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundResearch to date indicates that most nursing homes offer various kinds of activities for their residents, but that these are seldom tailored to each individual person. In respect of activities, it is reasonable to assume that male residents are at particular risk of not receiving person-centred care as they inhabit a largely ‘female domain’, where the majority of personnel and often also of residents are female. Few studies to date have focused on activities for men in nursing homes.AimThe aim of this study was to explore male residents’ experiences of an activity programme in a nursing home in Norway.DesignThe study had an explorative Grounded Theory (GT) design. Data were collected by means of interviews with nine residents. All of the men were offered an activity at least once a week as part of a project over the preceding year.According to the basic principles of grounded theory sampling, data collection and analysis are carried out simultaneously using constant comparison.Findings The core category showed that there was ‘a change in the men’s everyday lives’ after the special activity programme – for men only – was offered. Their own influence on the content of the conversations and on the activity itself was described as limited. This was not important for them, as the most essential issues were ‘being together’ and ‘getting away’. Conditions relating to the men themselves, the place where the activities were held and the nursing personnel had an impact on how important the activity programme was for them.ConclusionsA more person-centred approach in future activity programmes will enhance the residents’ integrity and well-being, and allow them a degree of self-determination even while resident in a nursing home.
Human Rights and Person Centered Medicine: The Need of the Hour
Authors: Appleyard James , Desai Ketan 
Published: July 2021

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognised that the inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. Its Article 25 included the Right to Health and medical care. Nearly seventy years later, inspite of the undoubted improvements in global health, it is clear that relying on governments and the recourse to civil and legal rights is insufficent for the continuing improvement in global health and social care. A complementary paradigm shift to a more person and people centered approach is needed to secure universal access to health care and better use of current resources The main components of person centered medicine form the corner stone for successful medical treatment and care for all.
Paradiplomacia e Poder Legislativo no Rio Grande do Sul: um relato sobre a Comissão Mista Permanente do Mercosul e Assuntos Internacionais (1996-2002)
Authors: Palermo Marcos Pascotto 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo analisa as atividades da Comissão Permanente do Mercosul e Assuntos Internacionais na Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período de 1996 a 2002. O objetivo deste estudo é diagnosticar quais são os ganhos políticos na atuação do parlamentar desta Comissão e até que ponto realmente está sendo discutida a integração latino-americana em suas tarefas. Atenta para a alteração da forma e conteúdo das mesmas, dando importância às atividades que podem ser consideradas ligadas à paradiplomacia nesse Estado.
Revolutionary medicine: a response to corporatizing healthcare in India
Authors: Kona Prakash 
Published: July 2021

This article explores Che Guevara’s notion of “revolutionary medicine” and how it is imperative to challenge the corporatization of healthcare in a developing nation such as India where millions live under subhuman conditions owing to lack of basic necessities that constitute any definition of a human life. With the corporatization of healthcare the deprivation gets further magnified creating the grounds for a social revolution. The notion of “revolutionary medicine” helps us analyze the role of corporatization of healthcare in furthering the haves-have nots divide, the need for nationalization of healthcare, the possibilities of a social revolution and the role of a revolutionary doctor in changing the order. Political institutions are formed upon the consideration of what will frequently tend to the good of the whole, although now and then exceptions may occur. Thus it is better in general that a nation should have a supreme legislative power, although it may at times be abused.
Análise de conflitos e do processo decisório: simulação do Gabinete de Crises
Authors: Mendes Gabriel , De Conti Pagliari Graciela 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo do trabalho é contribuir para a discussão sobre a utilização de metodologia pedagógica ativa, sobretudo, através de exercícios de simulação em sala de aula. No trabalho explora-se a aplicabilidade das simulações associadas à formação teórica em sala, o formato em que a atividade pode se desenvolver e a integração do exercício na avaliação acadêmica do estudante. O trabalho tem como base as experiências de simulações do Gabinete de Crises da Presidência da República no curso de graduação em Relações Internacionais da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Os resultados observados permitiram a implantação da atividade na estrutura da disciplina em que foi realizada e apontaram que a didática ativa complementa a teoria e a enriquece por meio da sua instrumentalização.
Novel sampling methods for monitoring Anopheles arabiensis from Eritrea
Authors: Charlwood Jacques D. , Andegiorgish Amanuel Kidane , Asfaha Yonatan Estifanos , Tekle Weldu Liya , Petros Feven , Legese Lidia , Afewerki Robel , Mihreteab Selam , LeClair Corey , Kampango Ayubo 
Published: July 2021

Background
Studies comparing novel collection methods for host seeking and resting mosquitoes A. arabiensis were undertaken in a village in Eritrea. Techniques included an odor baited trap, a novel tent-trap, human landing collection and three methods of resting collection. A technique for the collection of mosquitoes exiting vegetation is also described. Pre-gravid rates were determined by dissection of host seeking insects and post-prandial egg development among insects collected resting.

Results
Overall 5,382 host-seeking, 2,296 resting and 357 A. arabiensis exiting vegetation were collected. The Furvela tent-trap was the most efficient, risk-free method for the collection of outdoor host-seeking insects, whilst the Suna trap was the least effective method. Mechanical aspirators (the CDC backpack or the Prokopack aspirator) were superior to manual aspiration in a dark shelter but there was no advantage over manual aspiration in a well-lit one. An estimated two-thirds of newly-emerged mosquitoes went through a pre-gravid phase, feeding twice before producing eggs. Mosquitoes completed gonotrophic development in a dark shelter but left a well-lit shelter soon after feeding. One blood-fed female marked in the village was recaptured 2 days after release exiting vegetation close to the oviposition site and another, shortly after oviposition, attempting to feed on a human host 3 days after release. Exit rates of males from vegetation peaked 3 min after the initial male had left. Unfed and gravid females exited approximately 6 min after the first males.

Conclusions
Furvela tent-traps are suitable for the collection of outdoor biting A. arabiensis in Eritrea whilst the Prokopack sampler is the method of choice for the collection of resting insects. Constructing well-lit, rather than dark, animal shelters, may encourage otherwise endophilic mosquitoes to leave and so reduce their survival and hence their vectorial capacity.
Analysis of Biomarkers in Response to High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Santiago Douglas Daniel Costa , Lopes Jaqueline Santos Silva , Neto Aníbal Monteiro de Magalhães , Andrade Claudia Marlise Balbinotti 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Aerobic training with an acyclic and intermittent character triggers high metabolic stress, responsible for generating alterations in several blood biomarkers. Thus, investigations that clarify understanding of metabolic behavior in response to exercise seem pertinent, when considering the dynamics of prescription of physical training and recovery.
Objective: Demonstrate and discuss the behavior of blood biomarkers in response to High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT).
Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo, Lilacs, Bireme, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were searched from the oldest records available until January 16, 2020. The search was carried out by combining descriptors related to the terms: “HIIT”, “HIFT”, and “blood biomarkers”. To be included, studies were required to: 1) have a clinical trial design; 2) evaluate the effects of an HIIT and/or HIFT protocol; and 3) measure blood biomarkers before and after the training protocol. No restrictions were applied to the characteristics of the participants regarding health condition, age, sex, and level of training.
Results: In total, seven studies were included (n=221 participants, aged between 18 and 63 years) that analyzed different population profiles such as athletes, sedentary young people, patients with breast cancer, and diabetics. The biomarkers evaluated included analysis of muscle damage (C Reactive protein and CK); oxidative stress (antioxidant capacity); kidney injury (creatinine and urea); hormones (testosterone and cortisol); cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4, and IF-γ); and hemogram. In general, the results demonstrated specific patterns for the investigated markers. Thus, there were increases in muscle damage markers, while in the inflammatory markers, there was a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite the reduced values of the general blood count, markers such as neutrophils and basophils did not demonstrate statistically significant alterations. Serum testosterone levels were higher and cortisol was lower in the post-exercise period when compared to pre-exercise.
Conclusion: These data are of practical relevance when demonstrating patterns of physiological responses, which also characterize knowledge and understanding essential to determine adequate periodization.
Cardiovascular manifestations of People Newly Diagnosed HIV/AIDS and their Correlation with CD4 Count: Report from Northern India
Authors: Attri Ritu , Kaur Arashbir , Sachdeva Satish , Bhatia Mandip Singh 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: About 21.17 lakhs people in India and about 0.49 lakh people in Punjab are living with HIV according to National AIDS Control Organization Annual Report (2015-16). Cardiovascular complications of HIV infection tend to occur late in the disease and are therefore becoming more prevalent in our society as therapy and longevity improve.
Aims of this Study:

To study incidence of cardiovascular morbidity in newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients and their correlation with CD4 count.
To study the types of cardiovascular morbidities in newly diagnosed HIV /AIDS patients and their correlation with CD4 count.

Methods: 100 HIV patients newly diagnosed by ELISA technique were selected for the study. All patients were subjected to cardiovascular investigations like ECG, ECHO using Philips iE33 Ultrasound Machine with X-MATRIX Technology with X5-1, supports 3D,2D colour flow, M-mode, Pulsed Wave/Continuous Wave (PW/CW) Doppler, Tissue Doppler imaging and chest x-ray.
Results: Majority of the patients were asymptomatic (84%). Commonest being Chest pain(1%). 7% patients had ECG abnormalities. Commonest being sinus tachycardia (4), one patient had atrial fibrillation and 2 had LVH.Two patients had Cardiomegaly on X ray examination while remaining 98 patients had normal cardiac size. Out of the 100 patients studied, 27% patients had cardiac involvement on Echocardiography / Colour Doppler study. Out of these 27 patients, 22(80.65%) had CD4 count less than 200, 4(12.90%) had CD4 count between 201-350 and 1(6.45%) had CD4 count>350.Diastolic Dysfunction was most common abnormality followed by tricuspid regurgitation and systolic dysfunction and pericardial effusion on echocardiography / colour Doppler study. 20 patients had Diastolic Dysfunction, out of which 19 had Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction and 1 had Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction. Grade 3 and Grade 4 diastolic dysfunction was not seen in any patient. All patients with Diastolic Dysfunction had CD4 counts less than 200.Six patients had Mild Systolic Dysfunction, out of them 4 were males and 2 were females, all the males had an EF=50%, while females had EF of 50% and 52% respectively. 4 patients had CD4 count less than 200, 1 had CD4 count between 201-350 and remaining 1 CD4 count more than 350.Two patients had Pericardial Effusion and their CD4 count was less than 200.
Conclusion: The commonest cardiac abnormality being detected diastolic dysfunction and least common being pericardial effusion. Diastolic dysfunction is directly related to CD4 count.