bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Power-Oriented Resistance Training With Heavy vs. Light Loads on Muscle-Tendon Function in Older Adults: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rodriguez-Lopez Carlos , Alcazar Julian , Losa-Reyna Jose , Martin-Espinosa Noelia Maria , Baltasar-Fernandez Ivan , Ara Ignacio , Csapo Robert , Alegre Luis M. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundPower-oriented resistance training (PRT) is one of the most effective exercise programs to counteract neuromuscular and physical function age-related declines. However, the optimal load that maximizes these outcomes or the load-specific adaptations induced on muscle power determinants remain to be better understood. Furthermore, to investigate whether these adaptations are potentially transferred to an untrained limb (i.e., cross-education phenomenon) could be especially relevant during limb-immobilization frequently observed in older people (e.g., after hip fracture).MethodsAt least 30 well-functioning older participants (&gt;65 years) will participate in a within-person randomized controlled trial. After an 8-week control period, the effects of two 12-week PRT programs using light vs. heavy loads will be compared using an unilateral exercise model through three study arms (light-load PRT vs. non-exercise; heavy-load PRT vs. non-exercise; and light- vs. heavy- load PRT). Muscle-tendon function, muscle excitation and morphology and physical function will be evaluated to analyze the load-specific effects of PRT in older people. Additionally, the effects of PRT will be examined on a non-exercised contralateral limb.DiscussionTailored exercise programs are largely demanded given their potentially greater efficiency preventing age-related negative consequences, especially during limb-immobilization. This trial will provide evidence supporting the use of light- or heavy-load PRT on older adults depending on individual needs, improving decision making and exercise program efficacy.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT03724461 registration data: October 30, 2018.
Visualizing and Quantifying Irregular Heart Rate Irregularities to Identify Atrial Fibrillation Events
Authors: Keidar Noam , Elul Yonatan , Schuster Assaf , Yaniv Yael 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundScreening the general public for atrial fibrillation (AF) may enable early detection and timely intervention, which could potentially decrease the incidence of stroke. Existing screening methods require professional monitoring and involve high costs. AF is characterized by an irregular irregularity of the cardiac rhythm, which may be detectable using an index quantifying and visualizing this type of irregularity, motivating wide screening programs and promoting the research of AF patient subgroups and clinical impact of AF burden.MethodsWe calculated variability, normality and mean of the difference between consecutive RR interval series (denoted as modified entropy scale—MESC) to quantify irregular irregularities. Based on the variability and normality indices calculated for long 1-lead ECG records, we created a plot termed a regularogram (RGG), which provides a visual presentation of irregularly irregular rates and their burden in a given record. To inspect the potency of these indices, they were applied to train and test a machine learning classifier to identify AF episodes in gold-standard, publicly available databases (PhysioNet) that include recordings from both patients with AF and/or other rhythm disturbances, and from healthy volunteers. The classifier was trained and validated on one database and tested on three other databases.ResultsIrregular irregularities were identified using normality, variability and mean MESC indices. The RGG displayed visually distinct differences between patients with vs. without AF and between patients with different levels of AF burden. Training a simple, explainable machine learning tool integrating these three indices enabled AF detection with 99.9% accuracy, when trained on the same person, and 97.8%, when trained on patients from a different database. Comparison to other RR interval-based AF detection methods that utilize signal processing, classic machine learning and deep learning techniques, showed superiority of our suggested method.ConclusionVisualizing and quantifying irregular irregularities will be of value for both rapid visual inspection of long Holter recordings for the presence and the burden of AF, and for machine learning classification to identify AF episodes. A free online tool for calculating the indices, drawing RGGs and estimating AF burden, is available.
Do Cannabis Users Reduce Their THC Dosages When Using More Potent Cannabis Products? A Review
Authors: Leung Janni , Stjepanović Daniel , Dawson Danielle , Hall Wayne D. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Higher potency cannabis products are associated with higher risks of negative physical and psychological outcomes. The US cannabis industry has opposed any restrictions on THC levels, arguing that people titrate their THC doses when consuming higher potency products.Objective: To review research on the degree to which people who use cannabis for recreational purposes can and do titrate their THC doses.Method: A systematic search was conducted for studies published from 1973 to 2020. We included (1) experimental laboratory studies on dose titration of cannabis products that varied in THC content; (2) observational studies on the use of more potent products; and (3) surveys on whether cannabis users titrate when using more potent products.Results: In some experiments, there were inverse associations between the THC content and the amount smoked and smoking topography, while others indicated higher doses consumed and psychological and physiological effects observed. Findings of observational studies of regular cannabis users were more equivocal. In some surveys, cannabis users reported that they use less when using more potent products, but in other surveys, persons who used more potent cannabis had more adverse effects of use.Discussion: There is some evidence from experimental studies that people who use higher potency cannabis for recreational purposes can titrate their THC doses, but less evidence that regular cannabis users do in fact do so. We need much better experimental and epidemiological research to inform the design of regulatory policies to minimize harms from the use of high THC cannabis products.
Antidepressant Use and Suicide Rates in Adults Aged 75 and Above: A Swedish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Hedna Khedidja , Fastbom Johan , Erlangsen Annette , Waern Margda 
Published: February 2021

Background: The treatment of depression is a main strategy for suicide prevention in older adults. We aimed to calculate suicide rates by antidepressant prescription patterns in persons aged ≥ 75 years. A further aim was to estimate the contribution of antidepressants to the change in suicide rates over time.Methods: Swedish residents aged ≥ 75 years (N = 1,401,349) were followed between 2007 and 2014 in a national register-based retrospective cohort study. Biannual suicide rates were calculated for those with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) single use, mirtazapine single use, single use of other antidepressants and use of ≥ 2 antidepressants. The contribution of antidepressants to the change in biannual suicide rates was analyzed by decomposition analysis.Results: There were 1,277 suicides. About one third of these were on an antidepressant during their last 3 months of life. In the total cohort, the average biannual suicide rate in non-users of antidepressants was 13 per 100,000 person-years. The corresponding figure in users of antidepressants was 34 per 100,000 person-years. These rates were 25, 42 and 65 per 100,000 person-years in users of SSRI, mirtazapine and ≥ 2 antidepressants, respectively. In the total cohort, antidepressant users contributed by 26% to the estimated increase of 7 per 100,000 in biannual suicide rates. In men, biannual suicide rates increased by 11 suicides per 100,000 over the study period; antidepressant users contributed by 25% of the change. In women, those on antidepressant therapy accounted for 29% of the estimated increase of 4.4 per 100,000.Conclusion: Only one third of the oldest Swedish population who died by suicide filled an antidepressant prescription in their last 3 months of life. Higher suicide rates were observed in mirtazapine users compared to those on SSRIs. Users of antidepressants accounted for only one quarter of the increase in the suicide rate. The identification and treatment of suicidal older adults remains an area for prevention efforts.
An Exploration of Stress: Leveraging Online Data from Crowdsourcing Platforms
Authors: Roddy James , Robinson Samantha 
Published: February 2021

Background:Early detection of community health risk factors such as stress is of great interest to health policymakers, but representative data collection is often expensive and time-consuming. It is important to investigate the use of alternative means of data collection such as crowdsourcing platforms.Methods:An online sample of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers (N = 500) filled out, for themselves and their child, demographic information and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one’s life are appraised as stressful. Internal consistency reliability of the PSS-10 was examined via Cronbach’s alpha. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to explore trends in the average perceived stress of both adults and their children. Last, Rasch trees were utilized to detect differential item functioning (DIF) in the set of PSS-10 items.Results:The PSS-10 showed adequate internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.73). ANOVA results suggested that stress scores significantly differed by education (p= 0.024), employment status (p= 0.0004), and social media usage (p= 0.015). Rasch trees, a recursive partitioning technique based on the Rasch model, indicated that items on the PSS-10 displayed DIF attributable to physical health for adults and social media usage for children.Conclusion:The key conclusion is that this data collection scheme shows promise, allowing public health officials to examine health risk factors such as perceived stress quickly and cost effectively.
Case Report: Frontoparietal Metastasis From a Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma
Authors: Jang Anthony I. , Bernstock Joshua D. , Segar David J. , Distasio Marcello , Matulonis Ursula , Bi Wenya Linda 
Published: February 2021

Background: Metastatic brain tumors typically arise from primary malignancies of the lung, kidney, breast, skin, and colorectum. Brain metastases originating from malignancies of the female genital tract are extremely rare. We present a case of fallopian tube brain metastasis and in so doing review the pertinent literature.Case Description: We describe a 59-year-old patient with a history of fallopian tube carcinoma who presented with an incidentally identified left frontal brain mass. MRI demonstrated an enhancing lesion in the left centrum semiovale with a second enhancing lesion noted in the cerebellar vermis. She underwent a left parietal craniotomy for resection of the dominant and clinically symptomatic lesion. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for PAX8 and p53, confirming fallopian tube origin.Conclusions: Fallopian tube cancer brain metastasis is extremely uncommon. We highlight the treatment and surgical resection of this patient's BRCA1 metastatic fallopian lesion and systematically review the literature regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and histologic characteristics of the previously identified fallopian tube metastases to the central nervous system. The optimal course of treatment for brain metastasis of fallopian tube carcinoma has not been clearly defined due in part to the rarity of this condition. Consistent with BRCA1 neoplasms involving the breast and ovaries, the BRCA1 status of the patient's primary tumor likely increased the risk of central nervous system dissemination. This highlights a potential benefit of early screening of individuals with metastatic gynecologic malignancies associated with BRCA1 in the absence of any neurological symptoms.
Comparing Surgical and Conservative Treatment on Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of RCTs
Authors: She Guorong , Teng Qiang , Li Jieruo , Zheng Xiaofei , Chen Lin , Hou Huige 
Published: February 2021

Background: The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in human and is frequently injured, mainly in the young to middle age active population. Increasing incidence of Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is still reported in several studies. Surgical repair and conservative treatment are two major management strategies widely adopted in ATR patients, but the consensus of the optimal treatment strategy is still debated. We aimed at thoroughly reviewing the ATR topic with additional assessments and performed a most comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Method: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrial.gov and retrieved all RCTs comparing surgical and conservative treatment on ATR for further analysis. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and random effect model was adopted when I2 &gt; 50%, with data presentation of risk ratio, risk difference, or mean difference and 95% confidence interval.Results: A total of 13 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. A significant difference was observed in re-rupture, complication rate, adhesion to the underlying tendon, sural nerve injury, and superficial infection. A substantial reduction in re-rupture rate could be observed for surgical treatment while the complication rate was higher compared with conservative treatment.Conclusion: Surgical treatment revealed significance in reducing the re-rupture rate but was associated with a higher complication rate, while conservative treatment showed similar outcomes with a lower complication rate. Collectively, we recommend conservative treatment if patients' status and expectations are suitable, but surgeon and physician discretion is also crucial in decision making.
Ex situ Normothermic Split Liver Machine Perfusion: Protocol for Robust Comparative Controls in Liver Function Assessment Suitable for Evaluation of Novel Therapeutic Interventions in the Pre-clinical Setting
Authors: Attard Joseph A. , Osei-Bordom Daniel-Clement , Boteon Yuri , Wallace Lorraine , Ronca Vincenzo , Reynolds Gary , Perera M. T. P. R. , Oo Ye Htun , Mergental Hynek , Mirza Darius F. , Afford Simon C. 
Published: February 2021

Background:Ex situ donor liver machine perfusion is a promising tool to assess organ viability prior to transplantation and platform to investigate novel therapeutic interventions. However, the wide variability in donor and graft characteristics between individual donor livers limits the comparability of results. We investigated the hypothesis that the development of a split liver ex situ machine perfusion protocol provides the ideal comparative controls in the investigation of machine perfusion techniques and therapeutic interventions, thus leading to more comparable results.Methods: Four discarded human donor livers were surgically split following identification and separation of right and left inflow and outflow vessels. Each lobe, on separate perfusion machines, was subjected to normothermic perfusion using an artificial hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier solution for 6 h. Metabolic parameters as well as hepatic artery and portal vein perfusion parameters monitored.Results: Trends in hepatic artery and portal vein flows showed a general increase in both lobes throughout each perfusion experiment, even when normalized for tissue weight. Progressive decreases in perfusate lactate and glucose levels exhibited comparable trends in between lobes.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate comparability between right and left lobes when simultaneously subjected to normothermic machine perfusion. In the pre-clinical setting, this model provides the ideal comparative controls in the investigation of therapeutic interventions.
Assessment of Surgical Complications With Respect to the Surgical Indication: Proposal for a Novel Index
Authors: Morand Grégoire B. , Anderegg Nanina , Kleinjung Tobias , Bohlender Jörg E. , Veraguth Dorothe , Broglie Martina A. , Holzmann David , Huber Alexander M. , Röösli Christof , Soyka Michael B. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The Clavien–Dindo classification is a broadly accepted surgical complications classification system, grading complications by the extent of therapy necessary to resolve them. A drawback of the method is that it does not consider why the patient was operated on primarily.Methods: We designed a novel index based on Clavien–Dindo but with respect to the surgical indication. We surveyed an international panel of otolaryngologists who filled out a questionnaire with 32 real case-inspired scenarios. Each case was graded for the surgical complication, surgical indication, and a subjective rating whether the complication was acceptable or not.Results: Seventy-seven otolaryngologists responded to the survey. Mean subjective rating and surgical complication grading for each scenario showed an inverse correlation (r2 = 0.147, p = 0.044). When grading the surgical complication with respect to the surgical indication, the correlation with the subjective rating increased dramatically (r2 = 0.307, p = 0.0022).Conclusion: We describe a novel index grading surgical complications with respect to the surgical indication. In our survey, most respondents judged a complication as acceptable or not according to its grade but kept in mind the surgical indication. This subjective judgment could be quantified with our novel index.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Blog Bagi Guru Ma Ponpes Darul Mutaqin Kota Pagar Alam
Authors: Muslim Buhori 
Published: February 2021

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat merupakan kewajiban tri dharma bagi civitas akademika STTP. Pelatihan pembuatan Blog bagi Guru MA Ponpes Darul Muttaqien ini merupakan kesadaran terhadap pelaksanaan tri dharma tersebut, kegiatan ini merupakan rangkaian dari Kuliah kerja nyata, pembuatan blog dari hasil observasi dianggap penting untuk menjadi awal MA Darul Muttaqien mengikuti perkembangan industry 4.0 yang serba digital dimana tujuan akhirnya adalah sistem pembelajaran mengarah kepada multimedia didukung sistem online untuk kelancaran proses belajar. Metode yang digunakan menganalisa masalah menggunakan pre dan post tes sehingga langsung diketahui pemahaman peserta pelatihan terhadap blog dan sistem digital, hasilnya cukup sigifikan dari 10 pertanyaan materi yang diberikan saat pre tes peserta tidak mampu memperoleh nilai 10, nilai paling tinggi 9 hanya ada 3% dari 15 peserta dan saat pos tes terdapat 4,5% yang memperoleh nilai 10, dan 6% yang memperoleh nilai 9. Sehingga pelatihan penting untuk meningkatkan pemahaman peserta pelatihan pembuatan Blog Pembelajaran.
Automatic capture of attention by flicker
Authors: Stolte Moritz , Ansorge Ulrich 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVisual motion captures attention, but little is known about the automaticity of these effects. Here, we tested if deviant flicker frequencies, as one form of motion, automatically capture attention. Observers searched for a vertical target among tilted distractors. Prior to the target display, a cue array of sinusoidally modulating (flickering) annuli, each surrounding one location of the subsequent target(-plus-distractors) display was presented for variable durations. Annuli either flickered all at 1 Hz (neutral condition, no-singleton cue), or a single annulus flickered at a unique frequency of 5 Hz, 10 Hz, or 15 Hz. The location of this singleton-frequency cue was uncorrelated with target location. Thus, we could measure benefits (target at cued location) and costs (target ≠ cued location) for cues of different frequencies and durations. The results showed that deviant flicker frequencies capture attention, as we observed benefits and costs, falsifying that nonspatial filtering accounted for the cueing effect. In line with automatic capture, cueing was effective in singleton (Experiment 1) and nonsingleton search tasks (Experiment 2), and is thus not dependent on (“top-down”) singleton detection mode. Moreover, analysis of results ruled out trial-by-trial “swapping” of flicker frequencies from preceding target to subsequent distractor locations. Results also revealed increasing cueing effects with higher cue flicker frequency and longer duration. This indicates a significantly longer period of automatic capture by sinusoidal flicker than the typical inhibition of return observed around 250 ms after the onset of uninformative static or single-transient cues.
Selection in working memory is resource-demanding: Concurrent task effects on the retro-cue effect
Authors: Lin Yin-ting , Sasin Edyta , Fougnie Daryl 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn a retro-cue paradigm, after memorizing a set of objects, people are cued to remember only a subset. Improved memory from the retro-cue suggests that selection processes can benefit items stored in working memory. Does selection in working memory require attention? If so, an attention-demanding task should disrupt retro-cue effects. Studies using a dual-task paradigm have found mixed results, with only one study (Janczyk & Berryhill, Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 76 (3), 715–724, 2014) showing a decreased retro-cue effect by a secondary task. Here we explore a potential issue in that study – the temporal overlap of the secondary task response with the memory test presentation. This raises questions about whether the secondary task was impairing selection processes in memory or was impacting the memory response. We replicated their paradigm by inserting a tone discrimination task at the retro-cue offset, but we also included a condition in which the tone task and the memory test were temporally separated. In Experiment 1, performing the tone task did not impair the retro-cue effect. In Experiment 2, we added an articulatory suppression task as in Janczyk and Berryhill’s study, and we found that the requirement to execute the tone task impaired retro-cue effects. This impairment was independent of whether the tone and memory tasks overlapped. These findings suggest that internal prioritization can be impaired by dual-task interference, but may only occur when such interference is robust enough, for example, due to switching between multiple tasks.
Pelatihan dan Penerapan E-Learning dan M-Learning di SMK Muhammadiyah Minggir Sleman
Authors: Purnawan Purnawan , Hidayati Dian 
Published: February 2021

Guna meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi pembelajaran, diperlukan pengembangan suatu model pembelajaran yang inovatif dan kreatif agar proses pembelajaran tidak selalu terkesan membosankan, tidak menarik dan monoton yang dapat menghambat proses transfer ilmu. Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK ) Muhammadiyah Minggir, Kabupaten Sleman, belum memaksimalkan penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar, sehingga dirasa perlu adanya pendampingan dalam pengabdian masyarakat berupa pelatihan dan penerapan e-learning dan m-learning bagi guru di SMK Muhammadiyah Minggir. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk : (1) memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada guru dalam memanfaatkan e-learning dan m-learning dalam pembelajaran di SMK Muhammadiyah Minggir, Kabupaten Sleman, (2) melatih para guru untuk memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dalam proses pembelajaran dan memberikan media alternatif pembelajaran melalui e-learning (3) meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam membuat materi mata pelajaran, soal dan latihan kepada siswa yang mudah diakses. Metode pelaksanaan pelatihan adalah pemberian modul bagi peserta, tutorial/pendampingan, pelatihan/workshop dan evaluasi proses. Hasil dan dampak dari pelatihan ini adalah mitra semakin paham dan terampil dalam menerapkan E-learning dan M-learning dalam kegiatan pembelajaran