bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
pQCD running couplings finite and monotonic in the infrared: when do they reflect the holomorphic properties of spacelike observables?
Authors: Contreras Carlos , Cvetič Gorazd , Orellana Oscar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate a large class of perturbative QCD (pQCD) renormalization schemes whose beta functions β(a) are meromorphic functions of the running coupling and give finite positive value of the coupling a(Q
2) in the infrared regime (‘freezing’), a(Q
2) → a
0 for Q
2 → 0. Such couplings automatically have no singularities on the positive axis of the squared momenta Q
2 ( ≡ − q
2). Explicit integration of the renormalization group equation (RGE) leads to the implicit (inverted) solution for the coupling, of the form

ln
(

Q

2

/

Q

in

2

)
=

(
a
)

. An analysis of this solution leads us to an algebraic algorithm for the search of the Landau singularities of a(Q
2) on the first Riemann sheet of the complex Q
2-plane, i.e., poles and branching points (with cuts) outside the negative semiaxis. We present specific representative examples of the use of such algorithm, and compare the found Landau singularities with those seen after the 2-dimensional numerical integration of the RGE in the entire first Riemann sheet, where the latter approach is numerically demanding and may not always be precise. The specific examples suggest that the presented algebraic approach is useful to find out whether the running pQCD coupling has Landau singularities and, if yes, where precisely these singularities are.
Moving towards high-power thin-disk lasers in the 2 µm wavelength range
Authors: Tomilov Sergei , Hoffmann Martin , Wang Yicheng , Saraceno Clara J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Thin-disk lasers (TDLs) have made spectacular progress in the last decades both in continuous-wave (CW) and ultrafast operation. Nowadays, single thin-disk oscillators with >16 kW of CW-power have been demonstrated and ultrafast amplifiers have largely surpassed the kilowatt milestone with pulse energies in the multi-100 mJ range. This amazing development has been demonstrated in the 1 µm wavelength range, using Yb-doped materials and supported by industrially available components. Motivated by both strong scientific and industrial applications, interest in expanding this performance to longer wavelength regions continues to increase. In particular, TDLs emitting directly in the short-wave mid-infrared (SW-MIR) region (2–3 µm) are especially sought after, and although many early studies have been reported, most remained in the proof-of-principle stage and the potential for multi-100 W operation remained undemonstrated. Here, we report on our recent results of a single fundamental-mode CW Ho:YAG thin-disk oscillator with >100 W of power, surpassing previous single-mode TDLs by a factor of >4, and marking a first milestone in the development of high-power SW-MIR TDLs. In optimized conditions, our laser system emitting at ≈2.1 µm reaches an output power of 112 W with 54.6% optical-to-optical efficiency and an M
2 = 1.1. This system is ideally suited for future direct modelocking at the 100 W level, as well as for ultrafast amplification. We start the discussion with a review of the state-of-the-art of TDLs emitting directly in the vicinity of 2 µm, and then discuss difficulties and possible routes both towards ultrafast operation and next possible steps for power scaling.
Friction correction of flow stress-strain curve in the upsetting process
Authors: Obiko Japheth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article reports the effects of friction on the flow stress-strain curve obtained from uniaxial compression test. Uniaxial compression test was done at deformation temperature range of 575 °C–650 °C and strain rates of 0.001 s−1, 0.01 s−1, 0.1 s−1 and 0.5 s−1 to a strain of 0.6 using Gleeble® 3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The friction parameter was calculated by using the analytical equation from the literature. The study reports the flow stress-strain curve results. The results showed a variation between the measured and the friction corrected flow stress-strain curves. The flow stress variation increased with an increase in strain. This result shows an increase in friction parameter resulting from contact between the die and the workpiece during deformation. The study has shown that the analytical equations used for hot deformation are applicable in analysing warm deformation flow stress-strain curves.
A ground-theoretical modal definition of essence
Authors: De Rizzo Julio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractI provide a case-by-case definition of essential truths based on the notions of metaphysical necessity and ontological dependence. Relying on suggestions in the literature, I adopt a definition of the latter notion in terms of the notion of ground. The resulting account is adequate in the sense that it is not subject to Kit Fine’s famous counterexamples to the purely modal account of essence. In addition, it provides us with a novel conception of truths pertaining to the essence of objects, which might help to dispel doubts on the legitimacy of the notion of essence itself.
Antiapoptotic activity of methyl (3R,4E,6Z,15E)-3-hydroxyoctadecatrienoate in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells
Authors: Ohno Osamu , Sato Keigo , Honma Ryo , Chiba Ruri , Matsuno Kenji 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Inhibitors of thapsigargin-induced cell death in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells were screened among the metabolites of marine organisms. The MeOH extract of the cyanobacterium Rivularia sp. was found to exhibit inhibitory activity. Column chromatography purification was used to isolate methyl (3R,4E,6Z,15E)-3-hydroxyoctadecatrienoate (MHO) as the active compound. MHO was determined to inhibit apoptotic stimuli-induced cell death in HeLa cells.
miR-484 targeting of Yap1-induced LPS-inhibited proliferation, and promoted apoptosis and inflammation in cardiomyocyte
Authors: Xu Ming , Li Xiao-Yong , Song Laichun , Tao Chao , Fang Jihui , Tao Liang 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Apoptosis and inflammation were the main hallmarks of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). Yes-associated protein isoform 1 (Yap1) and miR-484 were involved in mitochondrial fission and apoptosis, especially proapoptotic roles in SIC. Here, we investigated the role of Yap1 and miR-484 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated H9c2 cells. Yap1 was downregulated, while miR-484 was elevated by LPS treatment. Cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, western blotting, and ELISA showed that miR-484 inhibitor significantly improved cell viability, decreased apoptosis, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome formation, and reduced secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Yap1, directly targeted by miR-484 shown in the luciferase assay, was more like a compensatory regulator of LPS stimulation. Knockdown of Yap1 inverted the effects of miR-484 inhibitor, including decreased cell viability, and promoted apoptosis and inflammation. These revealed miR-484 directly targeted mRNA of Yap1 to inhibit cell viability, and promote apoptosis and inflammation in LPS-treated H9c2 cells.
Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against mature hepcidin and its application to neutralization and quantitative alteration assay
Authors: Sakamoto Shinji , Kirinashizawa Mika , Mohara Yumi , Watanabe Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTHepcidin regulates the quantity of ferroportin (FPN) on cellular membrane. In our cell assay expressing ferroportin labeled with green fluorescence, FPN was internalized and degraded only after treatment with hepcidin-25, not hepcidin-22 or hepcidin-20, leading to accumulation of cellular iron. Thus we generated murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against hepcidin-25, and then characterized and validated their functions. Among them, several mAbs showed a neutralizing activity that may prevent ferroportin internalization induced by hepcidin-25. To measure hepcidin level in various fluids, mAbs specific for human and rat hepcidin-25 were selected. As for rat, a sandwich ELISA developed using clone rHN1 as capture antibody and biotinylated clone mHW1 as a detection reagent had high sensitivity, allowing for the detection of 1-100 ng/mL of hepcidin-25. Rat hepcidin-25 level in plasma was measured at an average concentration of 63.0 ng/mL in healthy condition, and at 218.2 ng/mL after stimulation of lipopolysaccharide.
HunFlair: an easy-to-use tool for state-of-the-art biomedical named entity recognition
Authors: Weber Leon , Sänger Mario , Münchmeyer Jannes , Habibi Maryam , Leser Ulf , Akbik Alan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Summary
Named entity recognition (NER) is an important step in biomedical information extraction pipelines. Tools for NER should be easy to use, cover multiple entity types, be highly accurate and be robust toward variations in text genre and style. We present HunFlair, a NER tagger fulfilling these requirements. HunFlair is integrated into the widely used NLP framework Flair, recognizes five biomedical entity types, reaches or overcomes state-of-the-art performance on a wide set of evaluation corpora, and is trained in a cross-corpus setting to avoid corpus-specific bias. Technically, it uses a character-level language model pretrained on roughly 24 million biomedical abstracts and three million full texts. It outperforms other off-the-shelf biomedical NER tools with an average gain of 7.26 pp over the next best tool in a cross-corpus setting and achieves on-par results with state-of-the-art research prototypes in in-corpus experiments. HunFlair can be installed with a single command and is applied with only four lines of code. Furthermore, it is accompanied by harmonized versions of 23 biomedical NER corpora.

Availability and implementation
HunFlair ist freely available through the Flair NLP framework (https://github.com/flairNLP/flair) under an MIT license and is compatible with all major operating systems.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CancerEMC: frontline non-invasive cancer screening from circulating protein biomarkers and mutations in cell-free DNA
Authors: Rahaman Saifur , Li Xiangtao , Yu Jun , Wong Ka-Chun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivation
The early detection of cancer through accessible blood tests can foster early patient interventions. Although there are developments in cancer detection from cell-free DNA (cfDNA), its accuracy remains speculative. Given its central importance with broad impacts, we aspire to address the challenge.

Method
A bagging Ensemble Meta Classifier (CancerEMC) is proposed for early cancer detection based on circulating protein biomarkers and mutations in cfDNA from blood. CancerEMC is generally designed for both binary cancer detection and multi-class cancer type localization. It can address the class imbalance problem in multi-analyte blood test data based on robust oversampling and adaptive synthesis techniques.

Results
Based on the clinical blood test data, we observe that the proposed CancerEMC has outperformed other algorithms and state-of-the-arts studies (including CancerSEEK) for cancer detection. The results reveal that our proposed method (i.e. CancerEMC) can achieve the best performance result for both binary cancer classification with 99.17% accuracy (AUC = 0.999) and localized multiple cancer detection with 74.12% accuracy (AUC = 0.938). Addressing the data imbalance issue with oversampling techniques, the accuracy can be increased to 91.50% (AUC = 0.992), where the state-of-the-art method can only be estimated at 69.64% (AUC = 0.921). Similar results can also be observed on independent and isolated testing data.

Availability
https://github.com/saifurcubd/Cancer-Detection

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
‘We’re both here to do a job and that’s all that matters’: Cisgender correctional officer recruit reflections within an unsettled correctional prison culture
Authors: Adorjan Michael , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Gacek James 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReflecting on new trans prisoner placement policies within Canadian federal prisons, in light of recent changes instigated under the Canadian Liberal Trudeau government, we provide knowledge from cisgender correctional officer (CO) recruits regarding these policy changes and underscore their views of working with officers who identify as transgender. Canada’s new policies recognize the presence of trans prisoners and create new protocols accordingly, simultaneously challenging some of the foundational tenets of the carceral system. While overwhelming support exists from cisgender recruits for their trans colleagues, support among a relative minority of COs is contingent upon notions like safety and security grounded in a dominantly cisgender prison culture; a culture we situate within the wider context of an unsettled correctional prison culture.
CT diagnosis of ilioinguinal lymph node metastases in melanoma using radiological characteristics beyond size and asymmetry
Authors: Wilkinson M J , Snow H , Downey K , Thomas K , Riddell A , Francis N , Strauss D C , Hayes A J , Smith M J F , Messiou C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis of lymph node (LN) metastasis in melanoma with non-invasive methods is challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of six LN characteristics on CT in detecting melanoma-positive ilioinguinal LN metastases, and to determine whether inguinal LN characteristics can predict pelvic LN involvement.

Methods
This was a single-centre retrospective study of patients with melanoma LN metastases at a tertiary cancer centre between 2008 and 2016. Patients who had preoperative contrast-enhanced CT assessment and ilioinguinal LN dissection were included. CT scans containing significant artefacts obscuring the pelvis were excluded. CT scans were reanalysed for six LN characteristics (extracapsular spread (ECS), minimum axis (MA), absence of fatty hilum (FH), asymmetrical cortical nodule (CAN), abnormal contrast enhancement (ACE) and rounded morphology (RM)) and compared with postoperative histopathological findings.

Results
A total of 90 patients were included. Median age was 58 (range 23–85) years. Eighty-eight patients (98 per cent) had pathology-positive inguinal disease and, of these, 45 (51 per cent) had concurrent pelvic disease. The most common CT characteristics found in pathology-positive inguinal LNs were MA greater than 10 mm (97 per cent), ACE (80 per cent), ECS (38 per cent) and absence of RM (38 per cent). In multivariable analysis, inguinal LN characteristics on CT indicative of pelvic disease were RM (odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95 per cent c.i. 1.2 to 8.7) and ECS (OR 4.2, 1.6 to 11.3). Cloquet’s node is known to be a poor predictor of pelvic spread. Pelvic LN disease was present in 50 per cent patients, but only 7 per cent had a pathology-positive Cloquet’s node.

Conclusion
Additional CT radiological characteristics, especially ECS and RM, may improve diagnostic accuracy and aid clinical decisions regarding the need for inguinal or ilioinguinal dissection.
Environmental temperature during early life affects the personality of mosquitofish in adulthood
Authors: Li Haifeng , Zhang Xinyu , Wu Yi , Zhang Feng , Li Chunlin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Personality has been observed in a variety of animal taxa with important implications in ecology and evolution. Exploring the influence of environmental temperature during early life on personality could help to understand the ontogeny of this phenotypic trait in animals. In this study, we reared newborn mosquitofish Gambusia affinis at high (30°C) and low (25°C) water temperatures and measured their shyness and exploration upon sexual maturity. We tested the repeatability of each behavioral trait; the correlation between them; and the effects of rearing temperature, sex, and body length on the behaviors. When growing up at low temperatures, female fish exhibited repeatability in shyness and exploration, and males exhibited marginal repeatability in shyness. However, neither of the 2 behaviors were repeatable when the fish were reared at high temperatures. There was a negative correlation between shyness and exploration, indicating that the 2 behaviors comprise a behavioral syndrome in this species. Mosquitofish reared at high temperatures were more explorative than those reared at low temperatures, while there was no difference in shyness between the 2 treatments. Body length and sex had no significant effects on the average values of the 2 behaviors. The results indicate that environmental temperature during early life could shape the personality of mosquitofish and modify the average of the behavioral traits. These findings might provide insights to understand the ontogeny of animal personality and how changes in environmental temperature influence animal dispersal by shaping their personality.
The acute effects of an ultramarathon on biventricular function and ventricular arrhythmias in master athletes
Authors: Cavigli Luna , Zorzi Alessandro , Spadotto Veronica , Gismondi Annalaura , Sisti Niccolò , Valentini Francesca , Anselmi Francesca , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Spera Lucia , Di Florio Alex , Baccani Bernardo , Cameli Matteo , D’Ascenzi Flavio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
Endurance sports practice has significantly increased over the last decades, with a growing proportion of participants older than 40 years. Although the benefits of moderate regular exercise are well known, concerns exist regarding the potential negative effects induced by extreme endurance sport. The aim of this study was to analyse the acute effects of an ultramarathon race on the electrocardiogram (ECG), biventricular function, and ventricular arrhythmias in a population of master athletes.

Methods and results
Master athletes participating in an ultramarathon (50 km, 600 m of elevation gain) with no history of heart disease were recruited. A single-lead ECG was recorded continuously from the day before to the end of the race. Echocardiography and 12-lead resting ECG were performed before and at the end of the race. The study sample consisted of 68 healthy non-professional master athletes. Compared with baseline, R-wave amplitude in V1 and QTc duration were higher after the race (P &lt; 0.001). Exercise-induced isolated premature ventricular beats were observed in 7% of athletes; none showed non-sustained ventricular tachycardia before or during the race. Left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain (GLS), and twisting did not significantly differ before and after the race. After the race, no significant differences were found in right ventricular inflow and outflow tract dimensions, fractional area change, s’, and free wall GLS.

Conclusion
In master endurance athletes running an ultra-marathon, exercise-induced ventricular dysfunction, or relevant ventricular arrhythmias was not detected. These results did not confirm the hypothesis of a detrimental acute effect of strenuous exercise on the heart.
‘How to do’: digital-interactive-interpretation course for stress echocardiography
Authors: Kardos Attila , Schaupp Ramona , Kettner Lillian , Becher Harald 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Why?
To improve stress echocardiography interpretation standards, we introduced a structured 5-day interpretation course in 2017. In order to deliver the course during the world-wide pandemic, we transformed the existing boardroom style, workstation-based, interactive course into a cloud-based digital entity maintaining the same features.

How?
On completion of 6 lectures via live webinars, 15 participants performed, fully GDPR compliant, 80 recorded case analysis using a web-based reporting system over the course of 5 days. After self-reporting and generating preliminary reports the joint case review with the faculty, resulted in finalization of the reports and provided individual feedback for the participants. By the 5th day, participants had collected 80 reports for their e-logbook and were ready to sit the digital interpretation exam.

Results
Eighty-eight percent of participants passed the e-exam and received a certificate of completion with 15 re-accreditation and 30 CPD points by the British Society of Echocardiography and Federation of the Royal Colleges of Physicians, UK, respectively. The feedback by the participants was praising the pre-course provision of lectures and digital aids, the conduct of the course by the faculty and the technical support with an average score of 4.7 for each, on a scale from 1 to 5.

Conclusion
Our experience proved that interactive, multi-day; hands-on reporting course can be delivered using the digital platform. Online interpretation courses have great potential to improve the competency of imaging specialists. This digital teaching model could be suitable in other imaging-based training courses like cardiac CT and MRI.
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) real-time interaction analysis of influenza A virus hemagglutinins with sialylated neoglycolipids
Authors: Detzner Johanna , Steil Daniel , Pohlentz Gottfried , Legros Nadine , Müthing Johannes 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Real-time interaction analysis of H1 hemagglutinin from influenza A H1N1 (A/New York/18/2009) and H7 hemagglutinin from influenza A H7N7 (A/Netherlands/219/03) with sialylated neoglycolipids (neoGLs) was performed using the surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology. The produced neoGLs carried phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as lipid anchor and terminally sialylated lactose (Lc2, Galβ1-4Glc) or neolactotetraose (nLc4, Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc) harboring an N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Using α2–6-sialylated neoGLs, H1 and H7 exhibited marginal attachment toward II6Neu5Ac-Lc2-PE, whereas Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL) exhibited strong binding and Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL) was negative in accordance with their known binding preference toward a distal Neu5Acα2–6Gal- and Neu5Acα2–3Gal-residue, respectively. H1 revealed significant binding toward IV6Neu5Ac-nLc4-PE when compared to weak interaction of H7, whereas SNL showed strong and MAL no attachment corresponding to their interaction specificities. Additional controls of MAL and SNL with α2–3-sialylated II3Neu5Ac-Lc2-PE and IV3Neu5Ac-nLc4-PE underscored the reliability of the SAW technology. Pre-exposure of model membranes spiked with α2–6-sialylated neoGLs to Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase substantially reduced the binding of the hemagglutinins and the SNL reference. Collectively, the SAW technology is capable of accurate measuring binding features of hemagglutinins toward neoGL-spiked lipid bilayers, which can be easily loaded to the functionalized biosensor gold surface thereby simulating biological membranes and suggesting promising clinical application for influenza virus research.