bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterising the shape, size, and orientation of cloud‐feeding coherent boundary‐layer structures
Authors: Denby Leif , Böing Steven J. , Parker Douglas J. , Ross Andrew N. , Tobias Steven M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo techniques are presented for characterisation of cloud‐feeding coherent boundary‐layer structures through analysis of large‐eddy simulations of shallow cumulus clouds, contrasting conditions with and without ambient shear. The first technique is a generalisation of the two‐point correlation function, where the correlation length‐scale as well as the orientation can be extracted. The second technique identifies individual coherent structures and decomposes their vertical transport by the shape, size, and orientation of these objects. The bulk‐correlation technique is shown to capture the elongation and orientation of coherence by ambient wind, but is unable to characterise individual coherent structures. Using the object‐based approach, it is found that the individual structures dominating the vertical flux are plume‐like in character (extending from the surface into cloud) rather than thermal‐like, show small width/thickness asymmetry, and rise near‐vertically in the absence of ambient wind. The planar stretching and tilting of boundary‐layer structures caused by the introduction of ambient shear is also quantified, demonstrating the general applicability of the techniques for future study of other boundary‐layer patterns.
Hybrid‐triggered formation tracking control of mobile robots without velocity measurements
Authors: Yang Junyi , Yu Hao , Xiao Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on solving the leader‐follower formation tracking problem of multiple mobile robots under a hybrid‐triggered mechanism without leader's velocity measurements. Two kinds of networks are considered: the detection network, which enables the relative detections by agents' onboard sensors, and the communication network, which is used to implement the transmissions of local information. The followers are divided into two groups based on their detection capacity of leader's information. By merely sensing the relative information from the leader, the first group of followers implement high gain observers to estimate leader's angular and linear velocities. In the rest followers, the transmitted information and relative detections from neighboring agents are used to estimate leader's velocities and position in a distributed way; after that, event‐triggered observer‐based controllers are proposed to drive the agents toward desirable formation. Periodic event‐triggered mechanisms (PETMs) are used to avoid continuous‐time checking of event‐triggering conditions; and the maximum allowable sampling periods (checking periods and transmission periods) are determined to guarantee the stability of the sampled‐data system. Since PETM is only applied in communication networks, the mechanism used in this work is a hybrid‐triggered one. Moreover, the inter‐sampling (‐checking, ‐transmission) times are allowed to be time‐varying and asynchronous. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and conservativeness of the proposed methods.
Optimal control of probabilistic Boolean control networks: A scalable infinite horizon approach
Authors: Kharade Sonam , Sutavani Sarang , Wagh Sushama , Yerudkar Amol , Del Vecchio Carmen , Singh Navdeep 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the major issues in systems biology is developing control theory for gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Particularly, an important objective is to develop therapeutic intervention strategies to alter regulatory dynamics of GRNs to avoid undesired or diseased states. Several optimal control strategies have been developed to find therapeutic intervention strategies for small (or medium) sized GRNs modeled as probabilistic Boolean control networks (PBCNs). However, due to the humongous nature of GRNs, we require an optimal control strategy that scales to large systems without posing any constraints on the network dynamics. In this article, we formulate the infinite horizon discounted cost optimal control problem by leveraging the Markov decision process (MDP) based PBCN structure to model GRNs. Further, we design a stationary optimal control strategy, thereby avoiding the states associated with a disease. An augmented state space is defined to facilitate the control design method. By exploiting Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence and the log transformation of the cost function referred to as the desirability function, the optimal control is devised using the path integral (PI) approach. We propose a sampling‐based technique for the approximation of the PI and hence the optimal control of PBCNs. The sampling‐based strategy is amicable to parallel implementation, thereby addressing the optimal control problem of large‐scale PBCNs. Finally, the viability of the results in the article is shown by some illustrative examples.
Competing Paradigms: Employing Quantitative Methods to Operationalize and Validate a Pedagogy of Critical Literacy
Authors: Paul Casey Medlock 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough prior research has examined critical literacy through qualitative case studies, no known study has been conducted on a cross‐case mixed‐methods exploration of the practices used to teach critical literacy. Furthermore, in the literature, critical literacy is typically described as a theory rather than a practice. I present the quantitative portion of a mixed‐methods exploratory sequential design study, in which I sought to operationalize and validate the construct of critical literacy as teacher practice and determine the factors of critical literacy instruction. I used findings from the qualitative study to develop an instrument that collected data regarding teachers’ instructional practices, and I used the instrument to quantitatively collect data and determine the factors of critical literacy pedagogy via confirmatory factor analysis. Results indicated a seven‐factor structure: Relevant, Reflexive, Deconstructive, Dialogic, Empowering, Transformative, and Intersectional. Model fit was excellent, indicating that the data were predominantly captured by the seven‐factor structure, thus defining critical literacy theoretically (a combination of postmodernism, poststructuralism, critical theory, culturally relevant teaching, and intersectionality) and through the pedagogical practices represented in the scale items. Understanding how the theories differ quantitatively may allow researchers to continue exploring critical theories and pedagogies quantitatively, as well as provide better theoretical understandings to other postmodern, poststructural constructs. Additionally, the resulting scale provides a quantitative tool that can be used to further current and preservice teachers’ understandings and applications of critical literacy instruction.
BIPSE: A biomarker‐based phase I/II design for immunotherapy trials with progression‐free survival endpoint
Authors: Guo Beibei , Zang Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA Bayesian biomarker‐based phase I/II design (BIPSE) is presented for immunotherapy trials with a progression‐free survival (PFS) endpoint. The objective is to identify the subgroup‐specific optimal dose, defined as the dose with the best risk‐benefit tradeoff in each biomarker subgroup. We jointly model the immune response, toxicity outcome, and PFS with information borrowing across subgroups. A plateau model is used to describe the marginal distribution of the immune response. Conditional on the immune response, we model toxicity using probit regression and model PFS using the mixture cure rate model. During the trial, based on the accumulating data, we continuously update model estimates and adaptively randomize patients to doses with high desirability within each subgroup. Simulation studies show that the BIPSE design has desirable operating characteristics in selecting the subgroup‐specific optimal doses and allocating patients to those optimal doses, and outperforms conventional designs.
Automatic Skin Disease Diagnosis Using Deep Learning from Clinical Image and Patient Information
Authors: Muhaba K. A. , Dese K. , Aga T. M. , Zewdu F. T. , Simegn G. L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Skin diseases are the fourth most common cause of human illness which results in enormous non-fatal burden in daily life activities. They are caused by chemical, physical and biological factors. Visual assessment in combination with clinical information is the common diagnostic procedure for diseases. However, these procedures are manual, time-consuming, and require experience and excellent visual perception.

Objectives
In this study, an automated system is proposed for the diagnosis of five common skin diseases by using data from clinical images and patient information using deep learning pre-trained mobilenet-v2 model.

Methods
Clinical images were acquired using different smartphone cameras and patient's information were collected during patient registration. Different data preprocessing and augmentation techniques were applied to boost the performance of the model prior to training.

Results
A multiclass classification accuracy of 97.5%, sensitivity of 97.7% and precision of 97.7% has been achieved using the proposed technique for the common five skin disease. The results demonstrate that, the developed system provides excellent diagnosis performance for the five skin diseases.

Conclusion
The system has been designed as a smartphone application and it has the potential to be used as a decision support system in low resource settings, where both the expert dermatologist and the means are limited.
Development of Electromagnetic Shielding Material from Conductive Blends of Polyaniline/Polystyrene‐isoprene‐styrene Copolymer
Authors: Khalid Hamza , Umer Arslan , Afzal Hafiz Muhammad , Ali Ghulam , Rauf Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe interference of different electromagnetic waves is considered a major concern in the current era. Various materials serve as potential candidates for shielding, but polymer composites have gained attention due to their superior properties. Polymer composites of poly(styrene‐isoprene‐styrene) (SIS) and polyaniline (PANI) are prepared with the help of solvent casting technique to study electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness. To study the properties of these blends, different techniques were utilized, including FTIR, SEM, XRD. With the help of a conductivity test, the composites have shown improvement in electrical conductivity up to 1.18 Scm−1. Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness was measured within the X‐band by using a vector network analyzer (VNA). The results observed showed an increase in attenuation up to 16dB upon optimum polyaniline concentration. The interaction and dispersion rate of filler is regarded as the primary aspect for enhanced properties. However, the agglomeration caused due to higher content of polyaniline resulted in decreased properties, i. e., 20 wt. % polyaniline.
Graphene Oxide Pickering Emulsion – A Novel Reaction Medium for the Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiazole
Authors: Sadgar Amid L. , Deore Tushar S. , Hase Dattatraya V. , Jayaram Radha V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a novel protocol for the synthesis of 2‐aminothiazoles has been developed using a graphene oxide (GO) stabilized Pickering emulsion system. GO was prepared by the modified Hummer's method and characterized with XRD, FTIR, UV‐Visible spectroscopy, TGA and DLS techniques. The size of the o/w emulsion droplets stabilized by GO were determined using a polarized optical microscope. The emulsion system was used for the synthesis of 2‐aminothiazole by Hantzsch reaction. The Reactions were carried out at room temperature and under static condition, without stirring. The application of the reaction system were extended to substituted phenacyl bromides and about 93 % of the corresponding 2‐aminothiazole derivative was obtained in 3 h.
Sorption Behavior of Grafted Porous Microparticles Based on Methacrylic Monomers and Chitosan/Gellan Gum towards Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Ions in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Racovita Stefania , Lungan Maria‐Andreea , Vasiliu Ana‐Lavinia , Vasiliu Silvia , Mihai Marcela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present work investigates the sorption properties of grafted porous microparticles based on glycidyl methacrylate and chitosan/gellan gum for Copper(II) and Nickel(II) ions from the aqueous solutions. Batch sorption studies regarding the effects of various parameters, such as the chemical structure of the microparticles networks, the initial concentration of metal solution, pH value and contact time, were performed. The grafted porous microparticles obtained by suspension polymerization technique and loaded with metal ions were characterized by Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Analysis. The maximum loading capacities were: 41.70 (mg g−1) Copper(II)/39.27 (mg g−1) Nickel(II) for grafted microparticles with chitosan and 35.16 (mg g−1) Copper(II)/31.48 (mg g−1) Nickel(II) for those grafted with gellan, respectively. The equilibrium data were modeled by the Langmuir‐Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin‐Radushkevich isotherm models. The Lagergren, Ho, Elovich and Weber‐Morris particle diffusion models were applied to study the sorption kinetic mechanism. To highlight the efficiencies of the grafted porous microparticles as sorbents, four sorption/desorption cycles were performed. The results indicated that the grafted microparticles based on glycidyl methacrylate and chitosan/gellan gum could be used as sorbents for the removal of Copper(II)/Nickel(II) ions from aqueous solutions.
The History and Prospective of the AOPs for Environmental Applications in Colombia**
Authors: Mueses Miguel A. , Castillo‐Castellón Jullieth V. , Colina‐Marquez José A. , Machuca‐Martínez Fiderman 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA critical review about the evolution of different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) implemented on environmental applications in Colombia (2000‐2020), was developed in this study by means a bibliometric analysis. This country has shown an impressive growth in the last two decades, regarding to the development of AOPs, with promising studies in wastewater treatment based on solar natural light. From this analysis, we found that the heterogeneous photocatalysis (especially the solar photocatalysis) was the most developed AOP in the country, because it was the technology with most studies at pilot‐scale and the only one with a reported real‐scale application. Other AOPs such as: Electrochemical, photo‐Fenton, ultrasound and catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO), have been reported as feasible technologies for wastewater treatment, although at lab‐scale. The bibliometric analysis also showed that the Universidad de Antioquia and Universidad del Valle are the research institutions with the most contributions on AOPs in Colombia. This last institution has the largest number of AOPs’ patents registered in Colombia. In general, AOPs in Colombia have shown a notorious development in the last 20 years; however, the photocatalysis is the only one that has been used with solar energy. The combination of AOPs with biological systems (or other AOPs) show greater effectiveness to remove pollutants than the AOPs operating standalone. Despite the Colombian progress regarding to these technologies’ development, the transfer of AOPs as commercial solutions has been challenging; therefore, possible solutions to these problems were presented in this study in order to achieve a synergistic and efficient evolution.
A Chitosan‐CatalyzedDomino Aldol‐Hetero‐Diels‐Alder Synthesis of Cyclic Heptanoid‐Annulated Pyran Scaffolds
Authors: Atara Hiralben D. , Brahmbhatt Gaurangkumar C. , Parmar Vishalkumar M. , Parmar Narsidas J. , Gupta Vivek K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA chitosan‐catalyzed, domino aldol‐hetero‐Diels‐Alder (DAHDA) reaction has been developed in glycerol after combining 2‐alkenyloxynaphthaldehydes1 a–b/O‐alkenylsalicylaldehydes2 a–b/5‐alkenyl‐sulfanyl‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes3 a–bwith the poorly enolizable CH activated but‐3‐en‐2‐ones; monobenzalacetone4 a/4‐methoxy‐3‐but‐2‐ene4b/mesityl oxide4cto achieve pyrano [3,4‐c]chromenes5 aa–5 bc,6 aa–6 bc/ thiopyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles7 aa–7 bcall are containing cyclic heptanoid core. The method is highly efficient yielding 91% of the model compound5 aain 8 h at 90 oC. The structural investigation of the aldol intermediate which is isolable gave the important insight into the stereochemical output of the second step hetero‐Diels‐Alder(HDA) reaction. 2D NMR NOESY (nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy) andsingle‐crystal X‐raydiffraction dataof the representative5 aaconfirmed that theE‐aldol intermediate formed initially undergoes HDAreaction via endo‐E‐syn transition state to formcis‐fused product exclusively. Both chitosan and glycerol can be recycled at least five times without the loss of their efficiencies as catalyst and reaction medium respectively. E‐factor (0.15) and EcoScale (77.5 %) valuesof thismethod to afford model DAHDA product5 aareveal key green aspects of the present protocol.
Transition Metal Salt Promoted, Green, and High‐Yield Synthesis of Silver Nanowires for Flexible Transparent Conductive Electrodes
Authors: Sarisozen Sema , Tertemiz Necip A. , Arica Tugce A. , Polat Nahit , Kocabas Coskun , Balci Fadime M. , Balci Sinan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSilver nanowires (AgNWs) have attracted considerable interest from both academia and industry owing to their excellent electrical, optical, and chemical properties. For large‐scale synthesis of AgNWs, the polyol method involving ethylene glycol, a toxic alcohol, has been widely used. We herein report on a facile, green, high yield, transition metal salt promoted, open atmosphere method for the synthesis of high quality AgNWs in a glycerol‐water mixture. We have shown that transition metal salts have a strong influence on the morphology of AgNWs. Importantly, in the presence of copper(II) chloride, AgNWs with a high aspect ratio of around 400 (length, 36 μm; diameter, 90 nm) were obtained. Additionally, for the first time, we have demonstrated AgNWs based flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) on poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) treated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with a sheet resistance of 34 Ω/sq and transmittance of 91 % at 550 nm. The PSS layer on the PET substrate generated a highly hydrophilic surface, which boosts interaction of AgNWs with the PET surface. We envision that our results would play a significant role both in the synthesis of AgNWs with high aspect ratio and also in designing new rigid and flexible TCEs having high transmittance and low sheet resistance for applications especially in printable solar cells, organic light emitting diodes, and high performance flexible electronics.
Novel and Sustainable Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Oxazolidinones Using Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica‐Supported Triazolium Ionic Liquids as Highly Active Catalysts
Authors: Rong Qi , Liu Xiao Bing , Chen Chen , Hu Yu Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeriodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) supported ionic liquids with high catalytic ability were prepared and tested in synthesis of 2‐oxazolidinones from the three‐component cycloaddition reactions of CO2, aryl amines and epoxide. The functionalized PMO material PMO@TZ‐ILSmCl4 revealed the most excellent catalytic performance than PMO@TZ‐ILLaCl4 during the catalytic synthesis of 2‐oxazolidinones. Different parameters such as catalyst loading, temperature, CO2 pressure and reaction time were also investigated. Good to excellent yields for 2‐oxazolidinones and stable reusability were reached in the CO2 cycloaddition under solvent‐ /ligand‐free conditions. This work provides a useful route to design novel and highly efficient catalytic systems for the transformation of CO2 into other valuable 2‐oxazolidinones.
Multifunctional Ion‐Sensitive Floating Gate Fin Field‐Effect Transistor with Three‐Dimensional Nanoseaweed Structure by Glancing Angle Deposition Technology
Authors: Shen Ying‐Chun , Wang Chien‐Ping , Liou Kun‐Lin , Tan Po‐Hung , Wang Yi‐Chung , Wu Shu‐Chi , Yang Tzu‐Yi , Yu Yi‐Jen , Chiang Tsung‐Yu , Chih Yue‐Der , Chang Jonathan , Shih Jiaw‐Ren , Lin Chrong Jung , King Ya‐Chin , Chueh Yu‐Lun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA multifunctional ion‐sensitive floating gate Fin field‐effect transistor (ISFGFinFET) for hydrogen and sodium detection is demonstrated. The ISFGFinFET comprises a FGFET and a sensing film, both of which are used to detect and improve sensitivity. The sensitivity of the ISFGFinFET can be adjusted by modulating the coupling effect of the FG. A nanoseaweed structure is fabricated via glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technology to obtain a large sensing area to enhance the sensitivity for hydrogen ion detection. A sensitivity of 266 mV per pH can be obtained using a surface area of 3.28 mm2. In terms of sodium ion detection, a calix[4]arene sensing film to monitor sodium ions, obtaining a Na+sensitivity of 432.7 mV per pNa, is used. In addition, the ISFGFinFET demonstrates the functionality of multiple ions detection simultaneously. The sensor arrays composed of 3×3 pixels are demonstrated, each of which comprise of an FGFET sensor and a transistor. Furthermore, 16×16 arrays with a decoder and other peripheral circuits are constructed and simulated. The performance of the proposed ISFGFinFET is competitive with that of other state‐of‐the‐art ion sensors.
Human Antimicrobial Peptide Triggered Colloidal Transformations in Bacteria Membrane Lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Hong Linda , Gontsarik Mark , Amenitsch Heinz , Salentinig Stefan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGrowing concerns of bacterial resistance against conventional antibiotics shifts the research focus toward antimicrobial peptide (AMP)‐based materials. Most AMPs kill gram‐negative bacteria by destroying their inner membrane, but have to first pass the outer membrane covered with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Their interplay with the LPS is crucial for bactericidal activity, but is yet to be elucidated in detail. In this study, self‐assemblies of Escherichia coli LPS with the human cathelicidin AMP LL‐37, free and encapsulated into glyceryl monooleate (GMO) lipid nanoparticles, are analyzed using synchrotron small angle X‐ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Circular dichroism spectroscopy is used to study modifications in LL‐37's secondary structure. LPS is found to form elongated micelles and the addition of LL‐37 induces their transformation to multilamellar structures. LPS’ addition to GMO cubosomes triggers the swelling of the internal cubic structure, while in multilamellar GMO/LL‐37 nanocarriers it causes transitions into unstructured particles. The insights on the interactions among LPS and LL‐37, in its free form or encapsulated in GMO dispersions, may guide the design of LPS‐responsive antimicrobial nanocarriers. The findings may further assist the formulation of antimicrobial nanomaterials with enhanced penetration of LPS layers for improved destruction of bacterial membranes.