bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Existing Ontological Systems for Applications in Manufacturing
Authors: Schlenoff Craig , Denno Peter , Ivester Rob , Szykman Simon , Libes Don 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In all types of communication, the ability to share information is often hindered because the meaning of information can be drastically affected by the context in which it is viewed and interpreted. This is especially true in manufacturing because of the growing complexity of manufacturing information and the increasing need to exchange this information among various software applications. Different manufacturing functions may use different terms to mean the exact same concept or use the exact same term to mean very different concepts. Often, the loosely defined natural language definitions associated with the terms contain so much ambiguity that they do not make the differences evident and/or do not provide enough information to resolve the differences.
A solution to this problem is the development of a taxonomy, or ontology, of manufacturing concepts and terms along with their respective formal and unambiguous definitions. This paper focuses on an effort at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to identify, formally define, and structure the semantic concepts intrinsic to the capture and exchange of manufacturing information.
Specifically, this paper documents the results of the first phase of this project — that of analyzing existing ontological systems to determine which is most appropriate for the manufacturing domain. In particular, this phase involved the exploration of efforts that are studying both the uses of ontologies in the general sense and those that are using ontologies for domain-specific purposes.
Modeling and Detection of Localized Tooth Defects in Geared Systems
Authors: El Badaoui M. , Cahouet V. , Guillet F. , Daniere J. , Velex P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The early detection of failures in geared systems is an important industrial problem which has still to be addressed from both an experimental and theoretical viewpoint. The proposed paper combines some extensive numerical simulations of a single stage geared unit with localized tooth faults and the use of several detection techniques whose performances are compared and critically assessed.
A model aimed at simulating the contributions of local tooth defects such as spalling to the gear dynamic behavior is set up. The pinion and the gear of a pair are modeled as to two rigid cylinders with all six degrees of freedom connected by a series of springs which represent gear body and gear tooth compliances on the base plane. Classical shaft finite elements including torsional, flexural and axial displacements can be superimposed on the gear element together with some lumped stiffnesses, masses, inertias, ... which account for the load machines, bearings and couplings. Tooth defects are modeled by a distribution of normal deviations over a zone which can be located anywhere on the active tooth flanks. Among the numerous available signal processing techniques used in vibration monitoring, cepstrum analysis is sensitive, reliable and it can be adapted to a complex geared system with several meshes. From an analytical analysis of the equations of motion, two complementary detection techniques based upon the acceleration power cesptrum are proposed. The equations of motion and the contact problem between mating flanks are simultaneously solved by coupling an implicit time-step integration scheme and a unilateral normal contact algorithm. The results of the numerical simulations are used as a data base for the proposed detection techniques. The combined influence of the defect location, depth and extent is analyzed for two examples of spur and helical gears with various profile modifications and the effectiveness of the two complementary detection methods is discussed before some conclusions are drawn.
Case History of a Failure of a Gas Turbine With a Floating Sleeve Bearing
Authors: Petchenev Alex , Bently Donald E. , Muszynska Agnes , Goldman Paul , Grissom Robert L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a case history of failure of a gas turbine, which was manifested in high vibrations, loud noise, and, eventually, damaged parts, such as impellers, bearings, and probes were discovered. The turbine features a bearing with floating sleeve design, originally intended to reduce lubricant relative speeds within the bearing (that is, decreasing journal to bearing speed gradient throughout the lubricant circumferential flow, breaking the flow in two sections, at both surfaces of the floating sleeve).
In this turbine, the floating sleeve bearing was the major cause of the failure. It contributed to restraining the oil supply from the journal/thrust bearing assembly, which resulted in high amplitude lateral subsynchronous 1/3X vibrations. The event was accompanied by oil charring in the bearing and, due to overheating, melting of the brass thrust washer, which was in addition to mechanical deterioration.
In the paper, several disadvantages of a floating sleeve bearing are discussed, such as:
• Floating ring lateral instability.
• Floating ring axial instability, unusual for other types of journal bearings.
As a consequence, inevitable metal-to-metal surface friction occurs within the bearing in axial and lateral directions, thus increasing tendency to oil charring.
The major objective for using the floating sleeve, the reduction of relative speeds within the bearing, is not achieved: The sleeve does not prevent lubricant from high speed rotation and creates further potentially severe malfunctions of the turbine.
COPAHS Study: protocol of a randomised experimental study comparing the effects of hypnosis, mindfulness meditation, and spiritual practices on experimental pain in healthy adults
Authors: Ferreira-Valente Alexandra , Pimenta Filipa , Costa Rui M. , Day Melissa A. , Pais-Ribeiro José , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThere has been an increasing interest in studying the potential benefits of so-called complementary and alternative approaches for pain management, such as hypnosis and mindfulness-based interventions. More recently, researchers have been interested in studying the effects of spiritual practices on pain experience as well. These practices may increase pain tolerance, result in a positive re-appraisal of pain and influence other psychological variables that are known to be associated with pain experience. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the immediate effects of self-hypnosis, mindfulness meditation, and a spiritual intervention relative to a control condition for increasing pain tolerance and reducing pain intensity and pain-related stress, in response to experimental painful stimulation.Methods and analysisRecruitment is anticipated to start in November 2020. This is a randomised quantitative experimental mixed-design repeated-measures study with three assessment points: baseline (T0), pre-test (T1) and post-test (T2). Eligible healthy adults will be randomised to one of the four study conditions. Interventions will be a 20-minute audio-guided practice of either self-hypnosis, mindfulness meditation, or Christian prayer. Participants in the control group will not be instructed to use any specific strategy during the painful stimulation. Participants will be submitted to a first cycle of Cold Pressor Arm Wrap. They will then listen to a 20-minute audio recording inducing one of the three interventions, or, in the case of the control group, to a 20-minute audio recording of text from a natural history textbook. Primary outcomes are pain intensity and pain tolerance. Pain-related stress as measured by salivary cortisol level and heart rate variability are secondary outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by ISPA—University Institute’s internal Ethics Committee for Research on 3rd December 2018 (reference I/010/12/2018). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed indexed journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT04491630). Stage: pre-results.
Examination of patient characteristics and hydroxychloroquine use based on the US Food and Drug Administration’s recommendation: a cross-sectional analysis in New York
Authors: Kim Eun Ji , Coppa Kevin , Hirsch Jamie S , Abrahams Sara , Johnson Jennifer , Lesser Martin , Davidson Karina W , Conigliaro Joseph 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the pattern of hydroxychloroquine use and examine the association between hydroxychloroquine use and clinical outcomes arising from changes in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s recommendation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional analysis.Setting and participantsWe included hospitalised adult patients at Northwell Health hospitals with confirmed COVID-19 infections between 1 March 2020 and 11 May 2020. We categorised changes in the FDA’s recommendation as pre-FDA approval (1 March 2020–27 March 2020), FDA approval (28 March 2020–23 April 2020), and FDA warning (24 April 2020–11 May 2020). The hydroxychloroquine-treated group received at least one dose within 48 hours of hospital admission.Primary outcomeA composite of intubation and inpatient death.ResultsThe percentages of patients who were treated with hydroxychloroquine were 192/2202 (8.7%) pre-FDA approval, 2902/6741 (43.0%) FDA approval, and 176/1066 (16.5%) FDA warning period (p<0.001). Using propensity score matching, there was a higher rate of the composite outcome among patients treated with hydroxychloroquine (49/192, 25.5%) compared with no hydroxychloroquine (66/384, 17.2%) in the pre-FDA approval period (p=0.03) but not in the FDA approval period (25.5% vs 22.6%, p=0.08) or the FDA warning (21.0% vs 15.1%, p=0.11) periods. Coincidently, there was an increase in number of patients with COVID-19 and disease severity during the FDA approval period (24.1% during FDA approval vs 21.4% during pre-FDA approval period had the composite outcome). Hydroxychloroquine use was associated with increased odds of the composite outcome during the pre-FDA approval period (OR=1.65 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.51)) but not during the FDA approval (OR=1.17 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.39)) and FDA warning (OR=1.50 (95% CI 0.94 to 2.39)) periods.ConclusionsHydroxychloroquine use was associated with adverse clinical outcomes only during the pre-FDA approval period but not during the FDA approval and warning periods, even after adjusting for concurrent changes in the percentage of patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine and the number (and disease severity) of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 infections.
Digital Dementia Registry Bavaria—digiDEM Bayern: study protocol for a multicentre, prospective, longitudinal register study
Authors: Dietzel Nikolas , Kürten Lara , Karrer Linda , Reichold Michael , Köhler Laura , Nagel Andreas , Chmelirsch Christina , Seebahn Kathrin , Hladik Markus , Meuer Sebastian , Kirchner Anna , Holm Kristina , Selau Marina , Wendel Marco , Trinkwalter Jörg , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Graessel Elmar , Kolominsky-Rabas Peter L 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionDementia is one of the most relevant widespread diseases, with a prevalence of currently 50 million people with dementia worldwide. The care of people with dementia will be one of the major challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. Digitalisation offers new possibilities to improve both dementia healthcare and health outcomes research as a fundament for national healthcare planning. The ‘Digital Dementia Registry Bavaria—digiDEM Bayern’ aims to improve the understanding of the complexity and long-term progression of dementia and the current care situation in Bavaria. Moreover, by offering digital services, digiDEM will actively contribute to improving the care situation in Bavaria.Methods and analysisdigiDEM will recruit people with dementia and their family caregivers in all administrative regions of Bavaria. All participants will undergo dementia screening prior to study inclusion in order to identify people with mild cognitive impairment and mild-to-moderate dementia. Participants will be followed up over a period of three years. Sociodemographic data, type of dementia, symptoms, diagnosis, cognitive trajectories, activities of daily living, behavioural and psychological symptoms, falls, resource utilisation, caregiver burden, quality of life, needs of people with dementia and their caregivers, mobility, use of media and sources of information will be assessed. The project will implement a digital web-based platform for data collection. Data will be collected by means of standardised online or face-to-face interviews.Ethics and disseminationThe study obtained ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) (application number: 253_20 B). Findings will be used for evidence-based decision-making for health decision-makers in order to optimise dementia healthcare in the state of Bavaria. Specific analyses will be conducted for the participating research partners. Results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
Trend of pneumonia diagnosis in emergency departments as a COVID-19 surveillance system: a time series study
Authors: Murtas Rossella , Decarli Adriano , Russo Antonio Giampiero 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveIn Italy, the first diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed on 20 February 2020 in the Lombardy region. Given the rapid spread of the infection in the population, it was suggested that in Europe, and specifically in Italy, the virus had already been present in the last months of 2019. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the hypothesis on the early presence of the virus in Italy by analysing data on trends of access to emergency departments (EDs) of subjects with a diagnosis of pneumonia during the 2015–2020 period.DesignTime series cohort study.SettingWe collected data on visits due to pneumonia between 1 October 2015 and 31 May 2020 in all EDs of the Agency for Health Protection of Milan (ATS of Milan). Trend in the winter of 2019–2020 was compared with those in the previous 4 years in order to identify unexpected signals potentially associated with the occurrence of the pandemic. Aggregated data were analysed using a Poisson regression model adjusted for seasonality and influenza outbreaks.Primary outcome measures Daily pneumonia-related visits in EDs.Results In the studied period, we observed 105 651 pneumonia-related ED visits. Compared with the expected, a lower occurrence was observed in January 2020, while an excess of pneumonia visits started in the province of Lodi on 21 February 2020, and almost 10 days later was observed in the remaining territory of the ATS of Milan. Overall, the peak in excess was found on 17 March 2020 (369 excess visits compared with previous years, 95% CI 353 to 383) and ended in May 2020, the administrative end of the Italian lockdown.Conclusions An early warning system based on routinely collected administrative data could be a feasible and low-cost strategy to monitor the actual situation of the virus spread both at local and national levels.
Characterizing tumor shrinkage as a measure of clinical benefit for immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Kelleher Thomas , Cai Junliang , Botwood Nicholas AJ , Labriola Dominic F 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundWe explored whether the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can be characterized by incorporating a composite of duration of response (DOR) to complement traditional Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria for objective response rate (ORR) in an intent-to-treat (ITT) population. Furthermore, the correlation of this novel endpoint, characterized by the restricted mean time in response (RMTR), with overall survival (OS) will be examined.MethodsWe analyzed ORR alone or in combination with DOR (RMTR) in available phase I, II, and III trials evaluating nivolumab monotherapy or in combination with ipilimumab across solid tumor types. ORR was evaluated per RECIST V.1.1. DOR was estimated using individual patient data in ITT populations regardless of RECIST response, with non-responders imputed as zero. Associations between ORR alone or RMTR and OS were evaluated in the ITT population. DOR curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method, and 6-month RMTR, a measure of response durability, was derived from the area under the curves. For ORR and RMTR in the ITT population, the strength of association with OS was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients (r).ResultsNivolumab treatment was associated with longer response durations than active control in responder and ITT populations. Similarly, ORR and RMTR were both significantly correlated with OS (ORR vs OS: r=0.684, p=0.02; RMTR vs OS: r=0.695, p=0.018).ConclusionsCombining ORR and DOR (RMTR) to objectively characterize tumor shrinkage in an ITT patient population is a novel approach that appears to correlate well with OS in patients treated with nivolumab monotherapy or in combination with ipilimumab. This endpoint may provide a more complete characterization of tumor shrinkage to incorporate into the design of future ICI clinical trials. However, confirmation of this approach will require further research.
Endovascular thrombectomy time metrics in the era of COVID-19: observations from the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Multicenter Collaboration
Authors: Czap Alexandra L , Zha Alicia M , Sebaugh Jacob , Hassan Ameer E , Shulman Julie G , Abdalkader Mohamad , Nguyen Thanh N , Linfante Italo , Starosciak Amy Kathryn , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Farooqui Mudassir , Quispe-Orozco Darko , Vora Nirav A , Rai Vivek , Nogueira Raul G , Haussen Diogo C , Jillella Dinesh V , Rana Ameena , Yu Siyuan , Thon Jesse M , Zaidat Osama O , Khandelwal Priyank , Bach Ivo , Sheth Sunil A , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Desai Shashvat M , Jovin Tudor G , Liebeskind David S , Siegler James E 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundUnprecedented workflow shifts during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have contributed to delays in acute care delivery, but whether it adversely affected endovascular thrombectomy metrics in acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) is unknown.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of observational data from 14 comprehensive stroke centers in nine US states with acute LVO. EVT metrics were compared between March to July 2019 against March to July 2020 (primary analysis), and between state-specific pre-peak and peak COVID-19 months (secondary analysis), with multivariable adjustment.ResultsOf the 1364 patients included in the primary analysis (51% female, median NIHSS 14 [IQR 7–21], and 74% of whom underwent EVT), there was no difference in the primary outcome of door-to-puncture (DTP) time between the 2019 control period and the COVID-19 period (median 71 vs 67 min, P=0.10). After adjustment for variables associated with faster DTP, and clustering by site, there remained a trend toward shorter DTP during the pandemic (βadj=-73.2, 95% CI −153.8–7.4, Pp=0.07). There was no difference in DTP times according to local COVID-19 peaks vs pre-peak months in unadjusted or adjusted multivariable regression (βadj=-3.85, 95% CI −36.9–29.2, P=0.80). In this final multivariable model (secondary analysis), faster DTP times were significantly associated with transfer from an outside institution (βadj=-46.44, 95% CI −62.8 to – -30.0, P<0.01) and higher NIHSS (βadj=-2.15, 95% CI −4.2to – -0.1, P=0.05).ConclusionsIn this multi-center study, there was no delay in EVT among patients treated for intracranial occlusion during the COVID-19 era compared with the pre-COVID era.
On the dynamics of spinning particle in nonlinear relativity
Authors: Guergouri H. , Foughali T. 
Published: February 2021

In order to study the dynamics of spinning particles in R-Minkowski space–time, first we have used the Bhabha–Corben model to describe how a spinning particle behave in a uniform electromagnetic field. Then, to extend the Mathisson–Papapetrou equations to R-Minkowski space–time, that correspond to de Sitter space–time given by a conformally flat metric, it was necessary to determine the Killing vectors, which allowed us to find the equations of motion that describe the dynamics of spinning particles.
Representation of integers by k-generalized Fibonacci sequences and applications in cryptography
Authors: Badidja Salim , Mokhtar Ahmed Ait , Özer Özen 
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to construct a relation between tribonacci numbers and generalized tribonacci numbers. Besides, certain conditions are obtained to generalize the representation of a positive integer [Formula: see text] which is determined in [S. Badidja and A. Boudaoud, Representation of positive integers as a sum of distinct tribonacci numbers, J. Math. Statistic. 13 (2017) 57–61] for a [Formula: see text]-generalized Fibonacci numbers [Formula: see text]. Lastly, some applications to cryptography are given by using [Formula: see text].
APOBEC and Cancer Viroimmunotherapy: Thinking the Unthinkable
Authors: Vile Richard G. , Melcher Alan , Pandha Hardev , Harrington Kevin J. , Pulido Jose S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) family protects against infection by degrading incoming viral genomes through cytosine deamination. Here, we review how the potential to unleash these potent DNA mutagens comes at a price as APOBEC DNA mutagenesis can contribute to development of multiple types of cancer. In addition, because viral infection induces its expression, APOBEC is seen as the enemy of oncolytic virotherapy through mutation of the viral genome and by generating virotherapy-resistant tumors. Therefore, overall APOBEC in cancer has received very poor press. However, we also speculate how there may be silver linings to the storm clouds (kataegis) associated with APOBEC activity. Thus, although mutagenic genomic chaos promotes emergence of ever more aggressive subclones, it also provides significant opportunity for cytotoxic and immune therapies. In particular, the superpower of cancer immunotherapy derives in part from mutation, wherein generation of tumor neoantigens—neoantigenesis—exposes tumor cells to functional T-cell repertoires, and susceptibility to immune checkpoint blockade. Moreover, APOBECs may be able to induce suprathreshold levels of cellular mutation leading to mitotic catastrophe and direct tumor cell killing. Finally, we discuss the possibility that linking predictable APOBEC-induced mutation with escape from specific frontline therapies could identify mutated molecules/pathways that can be targeted with small molecules and/or immunotherapies in a Trap and Ambush strategy. Together, these considerations lead to the counterintuitive hypothesis that, instead of attempting to expunge and excoriate APOBEC activity in cancer therapy, it might be exploited—and even, counterintuitively, encouraged.