bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modes of a stellar system I: Ergodic systems
Authors: Lau Jun Yan , Binney James 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The excursions of star clusters and galaxies around statistical equilibria are studied. For a stable ergodic model Antonov’s Hermitian operator on six-dimensional phase space has the normal modes as its eigenfunctions. The excitation energy of the system is just the sum of the (positive) energies associated with each normal mode. Formulae are given for the DFs of modes, which are of the type first described by van Kampen rather than Landau, and Landau ‘modes’ can be expressed as sums of van Kampen modes. Each van Kampen mode comprises the response of non-resonant stars to driving by the gravitational field of stars on a group of resonant tori, so its structure is sensitive to the degree of self gravity. The emergence of global distortions in N-body models when particles are started from an analytical equilibrium is explained in terms of the interplay of normal modes. The positivity of modal energies opens the way to modelling the thermal properties of clusters in close analogy with those of crystals.
Spectroscopic modelling of two high-mass X-ray binaries, Cyg X–3 and 4U 1538–522
Authors: Shaw Gargi , Bhattacharyya Sudip 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a detailed modelling of soft X-ray emission lines from two stellar wind-fed Galactic high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) systems, Cyg X-3 and 4U 1538-522, and estimate physical parameters, e.g. hydrogen density, radiation field, chemical abundances, wind velocity, etc. The spectral synthesis code cloudy is utilized for this modelling. We model highly ionized X-ray spectral lines, such as Fe XXV (6.700 keV) and Fe XXVI (6.966 keV), and reproduce the observed line flux values. We find that for Cyg X–3 and 4U 1538-522, the inner radius of the ionized gas is at a distance of 1012.25 cm and 1010.43 cm, respectively, from the primary star, which is the main source of ionization. The densities of the ionized gas for Cyg X–3 and 4U 1538–522 are found to be ∼1011.35 cm−3 and 1011.99 cm−3, respectively. The corresponding wind velocities are 2000 km s−1 and 1500 km s−1. The respective predicted hydrogen column densities for Cyg X–3 and 4U 1538–522 are 1023.2 cm−2 and 1022.25 cm−2. In addition, we find that magnetic field affects the strength of the spectral lines through cyclotron cooling. Hence, we perform separate model comparisons including magnetic field for both the sources. Most of the parameters, except the hydrogen column density, have similar values with and without magnetic field. We estimate that the most probable strength of the magnetic field for Cyg X–3 and 4U 1538–522, where the Fe XXV and Fe XXVI lines originate, is ∼102.5 G.
Reactions to Sales Restrictions on Flavored Vape Products or All Vape Products Among Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Posner Heather , Romm Katelyn F , Henriksen Lisa , Bernat Debra , Berg Carla J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Despite increases in e-cigarette sales restrictions, support for sales restrictions and perceived impact on young adult use are unclear.

Aims and Methods
We analyzed February-May 2020 data from a longitudinal study of 2159 young adults (ages 18–34; Mage = 24.75 ± 4.71; n = 550 past 30-day e-cigarette users) in six metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego, and Seattle). We examined support for e-cigarette sales restrictions and—among e-cigarette users—perceived impact of flavored vape product and all vape product sales restrictions on e-cigarette and cigarette use (and potential correlates; ie, e-cigarette/tobacco use, use-related symptoms/health concerns).

Results
About 24.2% of e-cigarette users (and 57.6% of nonusers) supported (strongly/somewhat) sales restrictions on flavored vape products; 15.1% of e-cigarette users (45.1% of nonusers) supported complete vape product sales restrictions. If restricted to tobacco flavors, 39.1% of e-cigarette users reported being likely (very/somewhat) to continue using e-cigarettes (30.5% not at all likely); 33.2% were likely to switch to cigarettes (45.5% not at all). Considering complete vape product sales restrictions, equal numbers (~39%) were likely versus not at all likely to switch to cigarettes. Greater policy support correlated with being e-cigarette nonusers (adjusted R2 [aR2] = .210); among users, correlates included fewer days of use and greater symptoms and health concerns (aR2 = .393). If such restrictions were implemented, those less likely to report continuing to vape or switching to cigarettes used e-cigarettes on fewer days, were never smokers, and indicated greater health concern (aR2 = .361).

Conclusions
While lower-risk users may be more positively impacted by such policies, other young adult user subgroups may not experience benefit.

Implications
Young adult e-cigarette users indicate low support for e-cigarette sales restrictions (both for flavored products and complete restrictions). Moreover, if vape product sales were restricted to tobacco flavors, 39.1% of users reported being likely to continue using e-cigarettes but 33.2% were likely to switch to cigarettes. If vape product sales were entirely restricted, e-cigarette users were equally likely to switch to cigarettes versus not (~40%). Those most likely to report positive impact of such policies being implemented were less frequent users, never smokers, and those with greater e-cigarette-related health concerns. This research should be considered in future tobacco control initiatives.
Is cohesive capitalism under threat?
Authors: Besley Timothy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper argues that a distinctive form of capitalism, cohesive capitalism, emerged in the post-war period supporting the wellbeing of its citizens through building state capacities alongside open and democratic forms of government. The paper identifies a range of threats that this model now faces and speculates on what it would take, particularly in terms of international cooperation, to respond to them.
The SARS-CoV-2 spike L452R-E484Q variant in the Indian B.1.617 strain showed significant reduction in the neutralization activity of immune sera
Authors: Li Gen , Zhou Zhongcheng , Du Peng , Yu Meixing , Li Ning , Xiong Xinxin , Huang Hong , Liu Zhihai , Dai Qinjin , Zhu Jie , Guo Chengbin , Wu Shanyun , Baptista-Hon Daniel T , Miao Man , Ming Lam Wai , Wu Yong , Zeng Fanxin , Zhang Charlotte L , Zhang Edward D , Song Haifeng , Liu Jianghai , Lau Johnson Yiu-Nam , Xiang Andy P , Zhang Kang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To assess the impact of the key non-synonymous amino acid substitutions in the RBD of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.617.1 (dominant variant identified in the current India outbreak) on the infectivity and neutralization activities of the immune sera, L452R and E484Q (L452R-E484Q variant), pseudotyped virus was constructed (with the D614G background). The impact on binding with the neutralizing antibodies was also assessed with an ELISA assay. Pseudotyped virus carrying a L452R-E484Q variant showed a comparable infectivity compared with D614G. However, there was a significant reduction in the neutralization activity of the immune sera from non-human primates vaccinated with a recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD) protein, convalescent patients, and healthy vaccinees vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine. In addition, there was a reduction in binding of L452R-E484Q-D614G protein to the antibodies of the immune sera from vaccinated non-human primates. These results highlight the interplay between infectivity and other biologic factors involved in the natural evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Reduced neutralization activities against the L452R-E484Q variant will have an impact on health authority planning and implications for the vaccination strategy/new vaccine development.
A case report of response to crizotinib in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic gallbladder cancer with met amplification and acquired resistance resulting from the loss of MET amplification
Authors: Sun Hongna , Li Xiaofen , Dai Shuang , Shen Xudong , Qiu Meng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly invasive disease and the most prevalent malignancy of the biliary system. Patients with GBC are commonly diagnosed at a late stage and have an unfavorable prognosis. Palliative chemotherapy has been the standard care for recurrent or metastatic disease in the past decades. Recently, several targeted therapies have been investigated in advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) including inhibitors of genes or pathways such as FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements, IDH1 mutations, and NTRK gene fusions. Also, several clinical studies involving molecular stratification have been performed in defined patient groups, for example, BRAF V600E and HER2. Mesenchymal epithelial transition(MET)encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor is a proto-oncogene. Targeting the MET signaling pathway is an effective strategy in numerous cancer types. However, the poor efficacy of MET inhibitors has been demonstrated in several phase II studies, but currently no reports have explained the potential mechanisms of resistance to MET inhibitors in BTC. In this article, we report a case of metastatic GBC with MET amplification that exhibited a rapid response to crizotinib after the failure of two lines of chemotherapy. After the patient had progressed and discontinued crizotinib, cabozantinib was introduced. Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) by next-generation sequencing (NGS) indicated a loss of MET amplification status. To our knowledge, this is the first case study demonstrating the use of NGS in ctDNA to monitor the development of acquired resistance during anti-MET treatment in GBC.
Schizophrenia-associated variation at ZNF804A correlates with altered experience-dependent dynamics of sleep slow waves and spindles in healthy young adults
Authors: Bartsch Ullrich , Corbin Laura J , Hellmich Charlotte , Taylor Michelle , Easey Kayleigh E , Durant Claire , Marston Hugh M , Timpson Nicholas J , Jones Matthew W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The rs1344706 polymorphism in ZNF804A is robustly associated with schizophrenia and schizophrenia is, in turn, associated with abnormal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep neurophysiology. To examine whether rs1344706 is associated with intermediate neurophysiological traits in the absence of disease, we assessed the relationship between genotype, sleep neurophysiology, and sleep-dependent memory consolidation in healthy participants. We recruited healthy adult males with no history of psychiatric disorder from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Participants were homozygous for either the schizophrenia-associated ‘A’ allele (N = 22) or the alternative ‘C’ allele (N = 18) at rs1344706. Actigraphy, polysomnography (PSG) and a motor sequence task (MST) were used to characterize daily activity patterns, sleep neurophysiology and sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Average MST learning and sleep-dependent performance improvements were similar across genotype groups, albeit more variable in the AA group. During sleep after learning, CC participants showed increased slow-wave (SW) and spindle amplitudes, plus augmented coupling of SW activity across recording electrodes. SW and spindles in those with the AA genotype were insensitive to learning, whilst SW coherence decreased following MST training. Accordingly, NREM neurophysiology robustly predicted the degree of overnight motor memory consolidation in CC carriers, but not in AA carriers. We describe evidence that rs1344706 polymorphism in ZNF804A is associated with changes in the coordinated neural network activity that supports offline information processing during sleep in a healthy population. These findings highlight the utility of sleep neurophysiology in mapping the impacts of schizophrenia-associated common genetic variants on neural circuit oscillations and function.
Yoga for treating low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anheyer Dennis , Haller Heidemarie , Lauche Romy , Dobos Gustav , Cramer Holger 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Yoga is frequently used for back pain relief. However, the evidence was judged to be of only low to moderate certainty. To assess the efficacy and safety of yoga in patients with low back pain, a meta-analysis was performed. Therefore, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched to May 26, 2020. Only randomized controlled trials comparing Yoga with passive control (usual care or wait list), or an active comparator, for patients with low back pain and that assessed pain intensity or pain-related disability as a primary outcome were considered to be eligible. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, outcome measures, and results at short-term and long-term follow-up. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Thirty articles on 27 individual studies (2702 participants in total) proved eligible for review. Compared with passive control, yoga was associated with short-term improvements in pain intensity (15 RCTs; mean difference [MD] = −0.74 points on a numeric rating scale; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.04 to −0.44; standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.37 95% CI = −0.52 to −0.22), pain-related disability (15 RCTs; MD = −2.28; 95% CI = −3.30 to −1.26; SMD = −0.38 95% CI = −0.55 to −0.21), mental health (7 RCTs; MD = 1.70; 95% CI = 0.20-3.20; SMD = 0.17 95% CI = 0.02-0.32), and physical functioning (9 RCTs; MD = 2.80; 95% CI = 1.00-4.70; SMD = 0.28 95% CI = 0.10-0.47). Except for mental health, all effects were sustained long-term. Compared with an active comparator, yoga was not associated with any significant differences in short-term or long-term outcomes.
Experimental evidence of a functional relationship within the brainstem trigeminocervical complex in humans
Authors: Basedau Hauke , Nielsen Trine , Asmussen Katharina , Gloss Katrin , Mehnert Jan , Jensen Rigmor H. , May Arne 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The existence of a trigeminocervical complex has been suggested based on animal data, but only indirect evidence exists in humans. We investigated the functional relationship between the trigeminal and the occipital region by stimulating one region and measuring electrical pain thresholds (EPTs) of the corresponding opposite region. This study consists of 2 single-blinded, randomised protocols. Forty healthy participants were recruited in the propaedeutic protocol I. Electrical pain thresholds were measured on the V1 and the greater occipital nerve (GON) dermatome bilaterally as well as on the left forearm longitudinally before and after application of topical capsaicin. Protocol II was then online preregistered, and, additionally, the ipsilateral trigeminal dermatomes V2 and V3 were tested. Greater occipital nerve stimulation increased the EPT ipsilateral at V1 after 20 minutes (P = 0.006) compared with baseline, whereas trigeminal stimulation increased the EPT at the ipsilateral (P = 0.023) as well as the contralateral GON (P = 0.001) after capsaicin application. Protocol II confirmed these results and additionally showed that GON stimulation with capsaicin increased EPTs ipsilateral at all 3 trigeminal dermatomes and that trigeminal stimulation on V1 led to an ipsilateral increase of EPTs at GON, V2, and V3. Our data suggest a strong functional interplay between the trigeminal and occipital system in humans. The fact that the stimulation of one of these dermatomes increases the EPT of the respective other nerve could be explained by segmental inhibition on the brainstem level.
Impact of changes in opioid funding and clinical policies on rapid tapering of opioids in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Martins Diana , Khuu Wayne , Tadrous Mina , Greaves Simon , Sproule Beth , Bozinoff Nikki , Juurlink David N. , Mamdani Muhammad M. , Paterson J. Michael , Gomes Tara ,   On behalf of the Ontario Drug Policy Research Network
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Reports have emerged of abrupt tapering among recipients of long-term prescription opioids to conform new prescribing guidelines. We conducted a population-based, repeated cross-sectional time-series study among very high-dose (≥200 MME) opioid recipients in Ontario, Canada, to examine changes in the monthly prevalence of rapid tapering from 2014 to 2018, defined as recipients experiencing either a ≥50% reduction in daily doses or abrupt discontinuation sustained for 30 days. Interventional autoregressive integrated moving average models were used to test for significant changes following key guidelines and drug policies and programs. A sensitivity analysis examined rapid tapering sustained for 90 days. The monthly prevalence of rapid tapering events was stable from January 2014 to September 2016 (average monthly prevalence: 1.4%) but increased from 1.4% in October 2016 to 1.8% in April 2017 (P = 0.001), coincident with Ontario's Fentanyl Patch-for-Patch Return Program implementation. Transient spikes in the prevalence of rapid tapering also occurred 2 months after Ontario's delisting of publicly funded high-strength opioids and the release of updated Canadian Opioid Prescribing Guideline for Chronic Pain, reaching 2.3% in March 2017 and July 2017, respectively. However, this prevalence decreased to 1.2% in December 2018 (P < 0.0001). Although the prevalence of abrupt opioid discontinuation was lower, similar trends were observed. Our sensitivity analysis examining long-lasting rapid tapering found similar trends but lower prevalence, with no changes in complete discontinuation. These temporary increases in rapid tapering events highlight the need for improved communication and evidence-based resources for prescribers to minimize negative consequences of evolving policies and guidelines.
Improvement in the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk by Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Goldman Orit , Raphaeli Orit , Goldman Eran , Leshno Moshe 
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives:
Cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), are the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although CHD cannot be entirely predicted by classic risk factors, it is preventable. Therefore, predicting CHD risk is crucial to clinical cardiology research, and the development of innovative methods for predicting CHD risk is of great practical interest. The Framingham risk score (FRS) is one of the most frequently implemented risk models. However, recent advances in the field of analytics may enhance the prediction of CHD risk beyond the FRS. Here, we propose a model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting CHD risk with respect to the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) dataset. The performance of this model was compared to that of the FRS.

Methods:
A sample of 3066 subjects from the FHS offspring cohort was subjected to an ANN. A multilayer perceptron ANN architecture was used and the lift, gains, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and precision-recall predicted by the ANN were compared with those of the FRS.

Results:
The lift and gain curves of the ANN model outperformed those of the FRS model in terms of top percentiles. The ROC curve showed that, for higher risk scores, the ANN model had higher sensitivity and higher specificity than those of the FRS model, although its area under the curve (AUC) was lower. For the precision-recall measures, the ANN generated significantly better results than the FRS with a higher AUC.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that the ANN model is a promising approach for predicting CHD risk and a good screening procedure to identify high-risk subjects.
Novosphingobium aureum sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from salt flat sediment
Authors: Yoo Yeonjae , Kim Dongjun , Lee Hanbyul , Khim Jong Seong , Kim Bogun , Yang Dongmin , Pathiraja Duleepa , Choi In-Geol , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: July 2021

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, pale yellow-coloured, rod-shaped marine bacterium designated strain YJ-S2-02T was isolated from salt flat sediment sampled in Yongyu-do, Republic of Korea. Strain YJ-S2-02T grew at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 10–40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and with optimum 1 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain YJ-S2-02T was closely related to

Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans

NBRC 102051T (97.8 %) followed by

Novosphingobium mathurense

SM117T (97.5 %),

Novosphingobium indicum

H25T (97.3 %),

Novosphingobium pentaromativorans

US6-1T (96.8 %),

Novosphingobium fontis

STM-14T (96.6 %),

Novosphingobium endophyticum

EGI60015T (96.5 %),

Novosphingobium naphthae

D39T (96.5 %) and

Novosphingobium malaysiense

MUSC 273T (95.9 %). The average nucleotide identity and estimated DNA–DNA hybridization values between YJ-S2-02T and related type strains were 77.0–77.9 % and 19.1–24.0 %. Strain YJ-S2-02T was characterized as having Q-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the principal fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω6c/ω7c, 20.7 %), C18 : 3
ω6c (16.3 %) and C17 : 1
ω6c (11.8 %). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingolipids and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain YJ-S2-02T was 65.6 mol%. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic evidence presented in this study, YJ-S2-02T should be classified as representing a novel species within the genus

Novosphingobium

, for which name Novosphingobium aureum is proposed, with the type strain YJ-S2-02T (=KACC 21677T =KCTC 72891T=JCM 33996T).
On the mathematical modelling and analysis of Listeriosis from contaminated food products
Authors: Mbalilo V. M. , Chukwu C. W. , Nyabadza F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractListeriosis is a food-borne disease caused by a bacterium known as Listeria monocytogens. Humans can be infected by consuming contaminated food products. A transmission can also occur through contact with infected animals or people, however to a less extent. In this paper, a mathematical model for Listeriosis dynamics was developed. The steady states and their stability of the model system were determined and analyzed. The result shows that the disease-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable if the bacteria’s growth rate is less than its removal rate, and also the growth rate of food contamination is less than its removal rate. It was further observed that we can still have Listeriosis driven by the contaminated food products even if the Listeria bacteria population in the environment is very small.The results indicate that Listeriosis can be effectively controlled by removing contaminated food products, which was the policy adopted by the South African government during the recent Listeriosis outbreak.