bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undoing resilience: immigrant status and poor health following incarceration
Authors: Kuper Julie L. , Turanovic Jillian J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
In the United States, foreign-born persons often have better health outcomes than their native-born peers, despite exposure to adversity. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether this pattern extends to the consequences of life events, such as incarceration, that separate immigrants from their supportive networks and increase exposure to adversity. Accordingly, using four waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, hierarchical generalized linear models were used to examine within-individual changes in self-rated health following first incarceration (N = 31,202 person-waves).

Results
The results showed that incarceration was associated with modest health declines that were similar in magnitude for immigrant and native-born persons. Supplemental analyses revealed that these effects did not vary by immigrant race or ethnicity, or by age at immigration. The only exception was for immigrants from low- and middle-income countries, who were marginally less likely to experience health declines following incarceration.

Conclusions
In general, incarceration appears to be similarly health damaging for immigrants and non-immigrants. These findings raise important questions about how incarceration is linked to health declines for foreign- and native-born populations and emphasize the importance of access to healthcare for individuals released from correctional facilities. More research is needed, however, to further examine the cumulative impacts of incarceration on immigrants’ health across the life course, and to assess a broader spectrum of health outcomes.
Influence network design via multi-level optimization considering boundedly rational user behaviours in social media networks
Authors: Yun Guanxiang , Zheng Qipeng P. , Boginski Vladimir , Pasiliao Eduardo L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSocial media networks have been playing an increasingly more important role for both socialization and information diffusion. Political campaign can gain more supporters by attracting more mass attention and influencing them directly, while commercial campaigns can increase their companies’ profits by expanding social media connection with new users. To build the optimal network structure to influence the whole, this paper studies mathematical models to simulate the users’ behaviours interacting with others in the information provider’s network. The behaviours of concerns include information re-posting and following/unfollowing other users. Linear threshold propagation model is used to determine the re-posting actions, Boundedly Rational User Equilibrium (BRUE) models are used to determine the following or unfollowing actions. Hence, the topology of the network changes and depends on the information provider’s plan to post various kinds of information. A three-level optimization model is proposed to maximize total number of connections, the goal of the top level. The second level simulates user behaviours under BRUE. The third level maximizes the each user’s utility defined in the second level. This paper solves this problem using exact algorithms for a small-scale synthetic network. For a large-scale problem, this paper uses heuristic algorithms based on large neighbourhood search. This paper also discusses possible reasons why the BRUE model may be a more accurate simulation of users’ actions compared to game theory. Comparisons from the BRUE model to game theoretical model show that the BRUE model performs significantly better than game theoretical model.
A method for evaluation of patient-specific lean body mass from limited-coverage CT images and its application in PERCIST: comparison with predictive equation
Authors: Shang Jingjie , Tan Zhiqiang , Cheng Yong , Tang Yongjin , Guo Bin , Gong Jian , Ling Xueying , Wang Lu , Xu Hao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Standardized uptake value (SUV) normalized by lean body mass ([LBM] SUL) is recommended as metric by PERCIST 1.0. The James predictive equation (PE) is a frequently used formula for LBM estimation, but may cause substantial error for an individual. The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel and reliable method for estimating LBM by limited-coverage (LC) CT images from PET/CT examinations and test its validity, then to analyse whether SUV normalised by LC-based LBM could change the PERCIST 1.0 response classifications, based on LBM estimated by the James PE.

Methods
First, 199 patients who received whole-body PET/CT examinations were retrospectively retrieved. A patient-specific LBM equation was developed based on the relationship between LC fat volumes (FVLC) and whole-body fat mass (FMWB). This equation was cross-validated with an independent sample of 97 patients who also received whole-body PET/CT examinations. Its results were compared with the measurement of LBM from whole-body CT (reference standard) and the results of the James PE. Then, 241 patients with solid tumours who underwent PET/CT examinations before and after treatment were retrospectively retrieved. The treatment responses were evaluated according to the PE-based and LC-based PERCIST 1.0. Concordance between them was assessed using Cohen’s κ coefficient and Wilcoxon’s signed-ranks test. The impact of differing LBM algorithms on PERCIST 1.0 classification was evaluated.

Results
The FVLC were significantly correlated with the FMWB (r=0.977). Furthermore, the results of LBM measurement evaluated with LC images were much closer to the reference standard than those obtained by the James PE. The PE-based and LC-based PERCIST 1.0 classifications were discordant in 27 patients (11.2%; κ = 0.823, P=0.837). These discordant patients’ percentage changes of peak SUL (SULpeak) were all in the interval above or below 10% from the threshold (±30%), accounting for 43.5% (27/62) of total patients in this region. The degree of variability is related to changes in LBM before and after treatment.

Conclusions
LBM algorithm-dependent variability in PERCIST 1.0 classification is a notable issue. SUV normalised by LC-based LBM could change PERCIST 1.0 response classifications based on LBM estimated by the James PE, especially for patients with a percentage variation of SULpeak close to the threshold.
Gluteal muscle metastasis with peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer during postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy: a case report
Authors: Korehisa Shotaro , Kabashima Akira , Ichimanda Michihiro , Umeda Kenji , Koso Hidenori , Yada Kazuhiro , Arakane Motoki , Anai Hideaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Skeletal muscle metastasis from gastric cancer is rare and has a poor prognosis. We reported a case of gluteal muscle metastasis with peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer during postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old man with gastric cancer underwent distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node resection. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet cell carcinoma, T3N3bM0, Stage IIIC. Metastases were found in all regional lymph nodes, except 11p. The resection margin was negative. S-1 plus docetaxel therapy was administered as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Six month post-operation, the patient presented with right gluteal muscle tenderness and abdominal distension. Computed tomography revealed a solid mass in the right gluteal muscle, a disseminated nodule on the abdominal wall, and massive ascites. Pathological examination of the gluteal muscle revealed signet cell carcinoma, similar to the resected gastric cancer. The tumor was diagnosed as gastric cancer metastases. Ascites cytology was class V. Thereafter, the patient underwent one course of capecitabine plus cisplatin combined with trastuzumab. Radiation therapy was also administered to relieve the pain of gluteal muscle metastasis. However, chemoradiotherapy was ineffective, and the patient died 2 months after the recurrence.

Conclusions
Skeletal muscle metastasis and peritoneal dissemination during adjuvant chemotherapy indicated a poor prognosis.
An internet-based emotion regulation intervention versus no intervention for nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents: study protocol for a feasibility trial
Authors: Morthorst Britt , Rubæk Lotte , Lindschou Jane , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Gluud Christian , Bjureberg Johan , Hellner Clara , Møhl Bo , Pagsberg Anne Katrine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has gained increased attention in recent years due to increased prevalence, especially among adolescents. Evidence-based interventions for NSSI are sparse. Emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents (ERITA) is an online intervention that needs investigation. Non-randomised studies suggest ERITA improves emotion regulations skills and reduces NSSI frequency. Before conducting a large pragmatic randomised clinical trial, we aim to investigate the feasibility of ERITA in Denmark.

Methods
A randomised, parallel group feasibility trial comparing ERITA as add on to treatment as usual versus treatment as usual in 30 adolescents age 13–17 years with recurrent NSSI referred to outpatient clinics in The Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark. Feasibility outcomes are (1) completion of follow-up, (2) the fraction of eligible participants who consent to inclusion and randomisation and (3) compliance with the intervention. Clinical outcomes such as self-injury frequency and the ability to regulate emotions will be investigated exploratorily.

Discussion
Internet-based interventions are assumed to be appealing to adolescents by being easily accessible and easy to navigate by tech natives. Disclosure of self-injury behaviour may be facilitated by an online intervention. The evidence for self-injury specific treatment needs to be extended but prior to a large clinical trial, the feasibility of methods and procedures must be assessed.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT04243603.
Behavior-analytic intervention for women with fibromyalgia and insomnia: a single subject design
Authors: de Fátima Kirchner Luziane , de Jesus Dutra dos Reis Maria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects in the pain and sleep, and the clinic significance after an analytic-behavioral intervention to manage the condition of the physical and interpersonal environment related to pain. Four women with fibromyalgia and insomnia participated in a study with intervention withdrawal multiple baseline design and initial, intermediate, final, and follow-up assessments. Self-report instruments were used to assess pain intensity and disability, sleep quality, and insomnia severity, besides the actigraphy. Data showed that the intervention (20 sessions) was effective in reducing the sleep and pain problems in all participants by shifting two participants from clinical to non-clinical status in sleep indicators. The gains were maintained or increased in follow-up measures. However, the results should take into consideration the clinical condition and other variables that may have individually impacted the results.
Egyptian school children awareness and precautions in Covid19 pandemic: a cross sectional survey study
Authors: Shehata Manal A. , Adel Ahmed , Armaneous Ayman F. , EL-Sonbaty Mohamed M. , Abdel Atti Mohamed , El-Hariri Hazem Mohamed , Kamel Iman H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is showing a wide global spread, and urgent joint international efforts is required to the control of this pandemic, the awareness of people towards infectious viruses still the main factor to limit the widespread of disease. The aim of this study is to assess the level of awareness and attitude towards COVID-19 among a sample of Egyptian school children, using a web-based questionnaire.

Results
A total of 708 participants were involved in this online survey study, representing different areas in Egypt, 378 males (53.4%), 330 females (46.5%); their age range between 6 and 18 years. Regarding the residence, 576 (81.4%) were from urban areas, the remaining 132 (18.6%) were from non-urban areas. Internet and media were more frequent used as a source of information in urban students. The knowledge level score of risk and prevention of the disease were significantly higher in urban students than in non-urban students. Healthy practice score ≥ 50 were significantly more frequent in urban students. Healthy practice score was non-significantly higher in urban students.

Conclusions
Most of the study participants of school students are knowledgeable about basic information, and have cautious preventive practices towards COVID-19, denoting the efficacy of the public health efforts. However, the lower level of awareness in non-urbans, indicating a need to address alternative channels to communicate with these populations
The skin microbiome of Xenopus laevis and the effects of husbandry conditions
Authors: Piccinni Maya Z. , Watts Joy E. M. , Fourny Marie , Guille Matt , Robson Samuel C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHistorically the main source of laboratoryXenopus laeviswas the environment. The increase in genetically altered animals and evolving governmental constraints around using wild-caught animals for research has led to the establishment of resource centres that supply animals and reagents worldwide, such as the EuropeanXenopusResource Centre. In the last decade, centres were encouraged to keep animals in a “low microbial load” or “clean” state, where embryos are surface sterilized before entering the housing system; instead of the conventional, “standard” conditions where frogs and embryos are kept without prior surface treatment. DespiteXenopus laevishaving been kept in captivity for almost a century, surprisingly little is known about the frogs as a holobiont and how changing the microbiome may affect resistance to disease. This study examines how the different treatment conditions, “clean” and “standard” husbandry in recirculating housing, affects the skin microbiome of tadpoles and female adults. This is particularly important when considering the potential for poor welfare caused by a change in husbandry method as animals move from resource centres to smaller research colonies.ResultsWe found strong evidence for developmental control of the surface microbiome onXenopus laevis; adults had extremely similar microbial communities independent of their housing, while both tadpole and environmental microbiome communities were less resilient and showed greater diversity.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the adultXenopus laevismicrobiome is controlled and selected by the host. This indicates that the surface microbiome of adultXenopus laevisis stable and defined independently of the environment in which it is housed, suggesting that the use of clean husbandry conditions poses little risk to the skin microbiome when transferring adult frogs to research laboratories. This will have important implications for frog health applicable toXenopus laevisresearch centres throughout the world.
Vulnerabilities and integrity of precise point positioning for intelligent transport systems: overview and analysis
Authors: Du Yujun , Wang Jinling , Rizos Chris , El-Mowafy Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe implementation of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technology is expected to significantly improve road safety and traffic efficiency. One of the key components of ITS is precise vehicle positioning. Positioning with decimetre to sub-metre accuracy is a fundamental capability for self-driving, and other automated applications. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is an attractive positioning approach for ITS due to its relatively low-cost and flexibility. However, GNSS PPP is vulnerable to several effects, especially those caused by the challenging urban environments, where the ITS technology is most likely needed. To meet the high integrity requirements of ITS applications, it is necessary to carefully analyse potential faults and failures of PPP and to study relevant integrity monitoring methods. In this paper an overview of vulnerabilities of GNSS PPP is presented to identify the faults that need to be monitored when developing PPP integrity monitoring methods. These vulnerabilities are categorised into different groups according to their impact and error sources to assist integrity fault analysis, which is demonstrated with Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) methods. The main vulnerabilities are discussed in detail, along with their causes, characteristics, impact on users, and related mitigation methods. In addition, research on integrity monitoring methods used for accounting for the threats and faults in PPP for ITS applications is briefly reviewed. Both system-level (network-end) and user-level (user-end) integrity monitoring approaches for PPP are briefly discussed, focusing on their development and the challenges in urban scenarios. Some open issues, on which further efforts should focus, are also identified.
The role of MDCT in the assessment of cardiac and extra-cardiac vascular defects among Egyptian children with tetralogy of Fallot and its surgical implementation
Authors: Elshimy Ahmed , Khattab Rasha Tolba , Hassan Hend Galal Eldeen Mohamed Ali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is considered the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart diseases (CHD), accounting for about 10% of cases. It includes four main cardiac defects, in addition to various extra-cardiac anomalies.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate cardiac and extra-cardiac vascular defects associated with TOF among Egyptian children, regarding frequency and types with assessment of multi-slice or multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) role in their diagnosis. Definitely, full detection of these vascular anomalies has utmost importance when evaluating such patients particularly before surgical intervention.

Methods
This study included 60 pediatric patients diagnosed as TOF, who underwent MDCT examination in our institute during period of 6 months from (March to September 2020), to confirm their trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings and detect other vascular abnormalities which cannot be precisely detected with TTE before their surgical interventions.

Results
The incidence of different extra-cardiac vascular defects diagnosed by MDCT among our patients was 85% which was significantly higher than that detected by TTE (55%). Moreover, MDCT was superior to TTE assessment as regards its diagnostic accuracy (96.6% vs. 80%), sensitivity (98% vs. 76.9%), and specificity (88.9% vs. 85.7%), in addition to both positive and negative predictive values. The most common anomalies detected were affecting the pulmonary artery (80%), followed by aorto-pulmonary vessels (45%), then aortic artery (40%), coronary arteries (20%), and lastly vena cava connection (6.7%). Patients’ demographic characteristics and clinical presentations were also presented.

Conclusion
This study confirmed that many extra-cardiac vascular defects are commonly associating cardiac lesions in TOF and emphasizing the great value of MDCT in their diagnosis. Certainly, proper detection of these anomalies will help decision-making during preoperative evaluation, corrective interventions, and further management of these cases.
Endoscopic-assisted epitympanic approach: a feasible technique for cochlear implantation
Authors: Badr-El-dine Mohamed Mostafa , Fathalla Mohamed Fawzy , Eid Mohamed , Mehanna Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to discuss the detailed surgical steps of the endoscopic-assisted epi-tympanic approach (EAEA) to the round window (RW) as a safe, precise, and reliable approach for cochlear implantation (CI) and also to evaluate possible problems and limitations faced, their management strategies, and how to overcome.

Results
This study was carried on 40 patients admitted for cochlear implantation (CI). The patients were divided into two equal groups; the first group underwent CI via the endoscopic-assisted epitympanic approach (EAEA), while the second group was a comparison group and underwent CI via the classic posterior tympanotomy. There was a statistical significant difference as regards scalar location of CI electrodes; all EAEA cases were inserted through ST in comparison to 45% of conventional cases. There was no statistical significant difference as regards linear and angular insertion depth between the two groups. The EAEA group needed shorter time to finish the procedure taking from 90 to 195 min, whereas the conventional group consumed longer time ranging from 120 to 185 min; a difference that was found to be statistically significant. No facial nerve injury was reported in the endoscopic approach.

Conclusions
Endoscope-assisted epitympanic approach (EAEA) is a reliable and safe approach for soft surgery CI. Visualization of the RW and insertion of the electrode under endoscopic control was significantly reliable and successful in all cases.
Association of serum uric acid with clinical and radiological severity of knee osteoarthritis in non-gouty patients
Authors: Bassiouni Sherine Abdel Rahman Abdel Karim , El Adalany Mohamed Ali , Abdelsalam Maha , Gharbia Ola Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
A growing body of evidence suggested that uric acid (UA) may contribute in the pathways underlying osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis; however, studies that investigated the relationship between UA and OA emerged inconclusive results. The purpose of the study was to explore the association of serum uric acid (sUA) levels with clinical severity, radiological severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) based on Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system, and MRI changes in non-gouty patients.

Results
WOMAC scores: pain, stiffness, function, and total score are significantly higher in H-sUA group than L-sUA group (p = 0.004, p = 0.019, p = 0.018, p = 0.008 respectively). Joint space width (JSW) is significantly narrower in H-sUA group than L-sUA group (p = 0.013). H-sUA group had more frequent KL grade 4 (p < 0.001), osteophytes grade 4 (p < 0.001), focal bone erosion (p < 0.001), bone marrow lesions (p = 0.023), and synovitis (p = 0.011) than L-sUA group. Female KOA patients in H-sUA group had significantly higher pain, stiffness, and function and total WOMAC scores than L-sUA group (p = 0.003, p = 0.015, p = 0.008, p = 0.004), more frequently had KL grade 4 and osteophytes grade 4 (p = 0.003, p < 0.001), significantly narrower JSW (p = 0.016), more frequently show focal bone erosion (p = 0.002), bone marrow lesions (p = 0.019), and synovitis (p = 0.004) than L-sUA group. In regression analysis, female sex (p = 0.035), duration of KOA (p = 0.031), and sUA level (p = 0.025) were associated with KL severity. For female patients with KOA, KL severity is associated with duration of KOA (p = 0.045) and sUA (p = 0.009).

Conclusion
Higher sUA level is associated with higher clinical severity, higher radiographic KL grades, and more frequent MRI findings in patients with primary KOA patients. Our results also indicated that sUA level was significantly associated with KOA severity in female patients, but not in male patients. More studies are warranted to explore whether the two conditions exist simultaneously or there is a direct causal relationship between the two conditions.