bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasiten beim Tier – ein Thema für die Phytotherapie?
Authors: Brendieck-Worm Cäcilia , Thoonsen Yvonne , Vollstedt Sabine 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungWeltweit wachsen aufgrund betriebswirtschaftlicher Zwänge die Tierbestände. Arbeitsabläufe werden rationalisiert, Futterproduktion und Fütterungsmanagement technisiert und industrialisiert. Die unter diesen Lebensbedingungen gehaltenen Tiere sind nicht nur großem psychosozialen Stress ausgesetzt, sondern auch einem hohen Infektionsdruck durch Viren, Bakterien und Parasiten. Antibiotika und Antiparasitika gelten folglich in großen Tierbeständen als unverzichtbar. Sie sind es jedoch auch in Kleinbeständen mit schlechten Haltungsbedingungen.Die sich bei Bakterien und Parasiten ausbreitenden Resistenzen gegen Antibiotika bzw. Antiparasitika sind systemimmanent und sowohl für die derzeitige landwirtschaftliche Tierproduktion als auch für den Menschen weltweit bedrohlich. Die Notwendigkeit strategischer Änderungen bei Diagnose und Therapie von bakteriellen und parasitären Infektionen ist offensichtlich. Solche Änderungen werden jedoch noch selten umgesetzt und verfehlen zudem ihr Ziel, wenn nicht Haltung und Fütterung auf die Gesunderhaltung der Tiere ausgerichtet werden. Leider beobachtet man diese Missstände nicht nur in Nutztierhaltungen, die der Rentabilität unterworfen sind, sondern auch in der Hobbytierhaltung, v. a. bei Pferden und sogar bei Haus- und Heimtieren. Es fehlt allgemein an Wissen und Verständnis für die Grundbedürfnisse der Tiere und deren Bedeutung für ihre Gesundheit.Nachhaltige Besserung der Lebensumstände und der Gesundheit der Tiere bringen salutogenetische Ansätze. Wird insbesondere die Darm- und Stoffwechselgesundheit der Tiere optimiert, reduziert sich der Bedarf an Antibiotika und Antiparasitika. Es gilt sowohl die evolutionsbiologische Bedeutung sekundärer Pflanzenstoffe für die jeweilige Tierart zu beachten, als auch die Rolle von Bakterien und Parasiten und ihre Interaktionen in diesem System. Am Beispiel von Hund und Pferd wird dies im Folgenden versucht.
Jenseits der antinutritiven Eigenschaften von Gerbstoffen
Authors: Piwowarski Jakub P 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungObwohl gerbstoffhaltigen Pflanzenmaterialien zugeschrieben wird, über antidiarrhöische Eigenschaften zu verfügen und das Wachstum einiger pathogener Mikroorganismen zu hemmen, wurde ihre Anwendung in der Ferkelernährung aufgrund der antinutritiven Eigenschaften vermieden. Der jahrzehntelange ausgedehnte Einsatz von Antibiotika zur Vorbeugung und Therapie von Infektionen bei Tieren hat wesentlich zur Ausbreitung der antimikrobiellen Resistenz beigetragen und in der Folge zu Einschränkungen beim Einsatz in der Landwirtschaft geführt. Als Konsequenz ist die Entwicklung von präventiven und therapeutischen Strategien zur Erhaltung der Darmgesundheit von Ferkeln, die auf neuartigen Mechanismen basieren, dringend erforderlich.Aktuelle Fortschritte in den Analysemethoden ermöglichen eine gründliche strukturelle Charakterisierung der Gerbstoffzusammensetzung und biologischen Aktivitäten, was eine standardisierte Verwendung und präzise Dosierung von Phytopharmaka, die hydrolysierbare und kondensierte Gerbstoffe enthalten, ermöglicht. Als Konsequenz kann die Nutzung ihrer biologischen Eigenschaften in der Tierernährung mit voller Kontrolle über unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen potenziell erreicht werden. Darüber hinaus werfen Studien zur Interaktion mit der Darmmikrobiota ein neues Licht auf den Metabolismus und die Disposition von Gerbstoffen und bieten die Möglichkeit, neue Erkenntnisse über die Mechanismen ihrer biologischen Aktivitäten zu gewinnen.
Herstellerabhängige Resultate des Schirmer-Tränentests
Authors: Betz Daniela Simon 
Published: February 2021

Lewin AC, Liu CC, Yoon A et al. Schirmer strip wetting length varies by commercial manufacturer. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23: 1031–1035
Der Schirmer-Tränentest (STT) ist ein häufiges diagnostisches Verfahren in der tierärztlichen Praxis und dient zur Diagnose einer Keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Die publizierten Referenzwerte variieren studienabhängig. Ziel dieser Studie war zu prüfen, inwiefern die Ergebnisse des STT je nach Hersteller der Teststreifen Unterschiede aufweisen. Hierzu dienten ein In-vitro-Verfahren sowie eine klinische Testung.
Anatomische Landmarken für periphere Nervenblöcke an Unterarm und Handgelenk: Eine Untersuchung an Leichenpräparaten
Authors: Jann David , Lanaras Tatjana , Besmens Inga Swantje , Guidi Marco , Calcagni Maurizio 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Es gibt keine Daten, die eine standardisierte, auf Orientierungspunkten basierende Technik zur Blockierung sensibler Nerven des Unterarms gewährleisten.Ziel Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, Stellen an Unterarm und Ellenbogen zu definieren, an denen unter Orientierung an gut tastbaren knöchernen Landmarken Nervenblockaden relativ sicher erfolgreich möglich sind.Methoden An fünf Leichenarmen wurden der Ramus superficialis des N. radialis (RSNR), der dorsale Ast des N. ulnaris (RDNU), der laterale, mediale und dorsale N. cutaneus antebrachii (NCAL, NCAM, NCAD) sowie der Ramus palmaris des N. medianus (RPNM) präpariert. In Bezug auf den Processus styloideus radii und ulnaris, das Listerʼsche Tuberkulum sowie den Epikondylus medialis und lateralis sowie Verbindungslinien zwischen diesen gut tastbaren Knochenvorsprüngen wurden Stellen lokalisiert, an denen die vorgenannten Nerven aufzufinden und zu blockieren sind.Ergebnisse Die Nerven können an folgenden Stellen sicher blockiert werden: der RSNR 85 mm proximal des Listerʼschen Tuberkels auf einer Linie zwischen letzterem und dem Epicondylus humeri medialis; der NCAL 38 mm und der NCAD 32 mm ulnar vom Epicondylus humeri lateralis; der NCAM 14 mm radial zum medialen Epicondylus; der RDNU 27 mm proximal zum Ulnastyloid in Richtung des lateralen Epicondylus; der RPNM auf einer nach ulnar zielenden Senkrechten zur Verbindungslinie zwischen dem Processus styloideus radii (PSR) und dem medialen Epikondylus 45 mm proximal des PSR und 21 mm nach ulnar.Schlussfolgerung Unter Verwendung gut tastbarer Knochenvorsprünge am distalen Unterarm und Ellenbogen und Verbindungslinien zwischen ihnen lassen sich der RSNR, RDNU, RPNM sowie die NNCAL/M und D sicher lokalisieren.Evidenzgrad IV
Photophysical Properties and Redox Potentials of Photosensitizers for Organic Photoredox Transformations
Authors: Teets Thomas S. , Wu Yanyu , Kim Dooyoung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhotoredox catalysis has proven to be a powerful tool in synthetic organic chemistry. The rational design of photosensitizers with improved photocatalytic performance constitutes a major advancement in photoredox organic transformations. This review summarizes the fundamental ground-state and excited-state photophysical and electrochemical attributes of molecular photosensitizers, which are important determinants of their photocatalytic reactivity.
Reasons for Vaccine Rejection in 0 to 2 Years Old Children Registered to Family Health Centers in Konya
Authors: Kucukkendirci Hasan , Kara Fatih , Turgut Gulsum Gulperi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective According to the 2017 report of the World Health Organization (WHO), ∼1.5 million people die from vaccine preventable diseases. The WHO is working to generate and popularize effective vaccination programs. However, the concept of “vaccine rejection,” which first started in Europe and United States, has started to make an impact in Turkey during the past 10 years. It is therefore seen as a growing danger in future. This study was conducted to determine, detect, and prevent the reasons of vaccine rejection that have increased in recent years.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and December at 2015. In all districts of Konya (n = 31), it was aimed to reach all 242 families who rejected vaccination to their 0 to 2 years old babies. Families having more than one child refused to vaccinate all of their children. A questionnaire consisting of 47 questions was prepared by the researchers, using the standard trainings of the Ministry of Health and the literature. A total of 172 families agreed to participate in this study. The questionnaire was applied to the parents using the telephone interview technique. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation and percentage.Results About 41.3% (n = 71) of the mothers were high school graduates, 50.6% (n = 87) of their fathers were university graduates. About 82.6% (n = 142) of the participants received examination, treatment and follow-up services from family physicians and family health personnel. About 20.9% (n = 36) of the children were the only children of the family. About 55.8% (n = 96) of the families also refused the vaccination for other children. About 83.7% (n = 144) of the unvaccinated children had infants/children follow-up care. While all participants stated that vaccines had side effects, 31.4% (n = 54) of these believed that vaccines cause autism or paralysis in infants. About 62.2% (n = 107) of their mothers did not receive tetanus vaccine during pregnancy. The highest rate of nonvaccination was with the second dose of hepatitis A vaccine, which 96.5% (n = 166) refused. The most accepted vaccine was the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine, which was refused by 18.0% (n = 31). About 79.7% (n = 137) of the participants did not know the reason for the vaccination and 95.9% (n = 165) thought that the vaccines were not required. All participants received information from the health personnel about the vaccines. While 9.9% (n = 17) of the families thought that vaccines cause infertility, 44.8% (n = 77) did not receive vaccination because the vaccines were produced abroad.Conclusion A growing number of families refuse to have their babies vaccinated. The production of vaccines abroad is a major cause of insecurity. There are also beliefs that vaccines cause infertility. Vaccine production in Turkey should be accelerated and public education about vaccines should be reviewed. Training provided to families about vaccines should also be reviewed.
Structured sequences emerge from random pool when replicated by templated ligation
Authors: Kudella Patrick W. , Tkachenko Alexei V. , Salditt Annalena , Maslov Sergei , Braun Dieter 
Published: February 2021

Significance
The structure of life emerged from randomness. This is attributed to selection by molecular Darwinian evolution. This study found that random templated ligation led to the simultaneous elongation and sequence selection of oligomers. Product strands showed highly structured sequence motifs which inhibited self-folding and built self-templating reaction networks. By the reduction of the sequence space, the kinetics of duplex formation increased and led to a faster replication through the ligation process. These findings imply that elementary binding properties of nucleotides can lead to an early selection of sequences even before the onset of Darwinian evolution. This suggests that such a simplification of sequence space could result in faster downstream selection for sequence-based function for the origin of life.
ZMYND8 preferentially binds phosphorylated EZH2 to promote a PRC2-dependent to -independent function switch in hypoxia-inducible factor–activated cancer
Authors: Tang Bo , Sun Rui , Wang Dejie , Sheng Haoyue , Wei Ting , Wang Liguo , Zhang Jun , Ho Thai H. , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang , Huang Haojie 
Published: February 2021

Significance
The multiple-domain protein ZMYND8 is well known as a chromatin reader that recognizes methylated, acetylated, and/or mutated histones. Here we report that ZMYND8 is overexpressed in human ccRCC, and that it preferentially binds T487-phosphorylated EZH2. We show that in hypoxia-stimulated or von Hippel–Lindau–deficient cells, ZMYND8 binding of EZH2 is important for maintenance of EZH2 phosphorylation level, inhibition of PRC2 complex formation, and enhanced interaction between EZH2 and FOXM1. Our results reveal a reader function of ZMYND8 in recognizing a phosphorylation “code” on a nonhistone protein. Our findings also identify ZMYND8 binding as a facet of regulation and function of EZH2 phosphorylation in the Polycomb-dependent to -independent switch of EZH2/PRC2 activities.
Transiently structured head domains control intermediate filament assembly
Authors: Zhou Xiaoming , Lin Yi , Kato Masato , Mori Eiichiro , Liszczak Glen , Sutherland Lillian , Sysoev Vasiliy O. , Murray Dylan T. , Tycko Robert , McKnight Steven L. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Assembly of intermediate filaments (IFs) is reliant upon amino-terminal head domains. These head domains are of low sequence complexity and are assumed to function in the absence of structural order. Herein, we provide evidence that the head domains of the desmin and neurofilament light (NFL) IF proteins self-associate via the formation of labile but structurally specific cross-β interaction. Disease-causing mutations in the head domains of both proteins cause enhanced cross-β interactions. By assembling desmin and NFL IFs bearing isotopically labeled head domains, we provide evidence of structural order in properly assembled biological filaments. We propose that these observations on IF head domains may be instructive to the function of low complexity domains operative in other aspects of cell biology.
A surprising formula for Sobolev norms
Authors: Brezis Haïm , Van Schaftingen Jean , Yung Po-Lam 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceThe Sobolev spaces, introduced in the 1930s, have become ubiquitous in analysis and applied mathematics. They involveLpnorms of the gradient of a functionu. We present an alternative point of view where derivatives are replaced by appropriate finite differences and the Lebesgue spaceLpis replaced by the slightly larger Marcinkiewicz spaceMp(aka weakLpspace)—a popular tool in harmonic analysis. Surprisingly, these spaces coincide with the standard Sobolev spaces, a fact which sheds additional light onto these classical objects and should have numerous applications. In particular, it rectifies some well-known irregularities occurring in the theory of fractional Sobolev spaces. The proof relies on original calculus inequalities which might be useful in other situations.
Fabrication of a poly(N-vinyl carbazole)/ϵ-Ga2O3 organic–inorganic heterojunction diode for solar-blind sensing applications
Authors: Dai Jie , Li Shan , Liu Zeng , Yan Zuyong , Zhi Yusong , Wu Zhenping , Li Peigang , Tang Weihua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Herein, a poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK)/ϵ-gallium oxide (ϵ-Ga2O3) heterojunction device was fabricated by spin coating prepared PVK solution onto a ϵ-Ga2O3 thin film produced by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Under 254 nm ultraviolet light, the device shows obvious rectification characteristics of 37 at ±2 V and has a response speed of 0.52 s rise time and 0.11 s decay time at 5 V. Current–voltage measurement confirmed that the prepared device has the potential to become a self-powered photodetector and displays good stability and a fast response speed under various light intensities and different voltages.
Optical properties of lattice-matched GaAsPBi multiple quantum wells grown on GaAs (001)
Authors: Himwas C , Kijamnajsuk S , Yordsri V , Thanachayanont C , Wongpinij T , Euaruksakul C , Panyakeow S , Kanjanachuchai S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Quaternary alloy GaAsPBi is a novel III–V compound with attractive optical properties and can in principle be grown lattice-matched to GaAs. However, the practical realization of the alloy by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)—the two main growth technologies—is fraught with difficulties. Here, using standard solid-source MBE, GaAsPBi films, and GaAsPBi/GaAs multiple quantum wells (MQW) have been grown lattice-matched to (001) GaAs. The structural integrity of the films/MQW is investigated and confirmed by various in- and ex-situ diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. All GaAsPBi structures—films and MQWs—are luminescent at room temperature. Photoluminescence shows that all the samples exhibit an S-shape temperature dependency, indicating strong localizations. Of most significance to practical applications is the observation that the emission from GaAsPBi MQWs is more efficient than their non-quantum well (QW) counterparts (up to 30× at room temperature). These results confirm the long-known benefits of carrier confinements by QWs, demonstrated here for the first time in the GaAsPBi-based system despite the challenge of the crystal growths.
Non-Hermitian topological phases and exceptional lines in topolectrical circuits
Authors: Rafi-Ul-Islam S M , Siu Zhuo Bin , Jalil Mansoor B A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose a scheme to realize various non-Hermitian topological phases in a topolectrical (TE) circuit network consisting of resistors, inductors, and capacitors. These phases are characterized by topologically protected exceptional points and lines. The positive and negative resistive couplings R
g in the circuit provide loss and gain factors which break the Hermiticity of the circuit Laplacian. By controlling R
g, the exceptional lines of the circuit can be modulated, e.g. from open curves to closed ellipses in the Brillouin zone. In practice, the topology of the exceptional lines can be detected by the impedance spectra of the circuit. We also considered finite TE systems with open boundary conditions, the admittance spectra of which exhibit highly tunable zero-admittance states demarcated by boundary points (BPs). The phase diagram of the system shows topological phases that are characterized by the number of their BPs. The transition between different phases can be controlled by varying the circuit parameters and tracked via the impedance readout between the terminal nodes. Our TE model offers an accessible and tunable means of realizing different topological phases in a non-Hermitian framework and characterizing them based on their boundary point and exceptional line configurations.
A spectral model for interchange transport in tokamak scrape-off layers
Authors: Peret M. , Fedorczak N. , Tamain P. , Ghendrih Ph. , Vermare L. , Supra Tore , Teams WEST 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The intermittent convection of plasma filaments, or blobs, is commonly considered to be responsible of the transport across flux surfaces in scrape-off layer (SOL) of fusion devices. Isolated filament models are generally derived from vorticity conservation in order to deduce the speed of these filaments, showing good predictions against experimental measurements on individual filaments, but yet unable to predict the total flux associated to these events. In this work, the isolated filament approach is extended to a model of poloidal spectra for both potential and density fluctuations. An heuristic closure is used to derive analytical descriptions of these spectra are obtained, resulting in predictions for a wide variety of observables from fluctuation levels, correlation lengths and associated fluxes. Results are verified against flux-driven simulations and then validated against a broad set of experimental measurements from circular plasma. Predictions for the SOL width take the form of the engineering scaling law that finds sound agreement with experimental scaling built from multi-machine databases.
Gyrokinetic modelling of light to heavy impurity transport in tokamaks
Authors: Lim K. , Garbet X. , Sarazin Y. , Grandgirard V. , Obrejan K. , Lesur M. , Gravier E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Impurity transport is numerically investigated for different types of impurity, such as helium (He), argon (Ar), and tungsten (W). Both turbulent and neoclassical transports are treated self-consistently using the full-f gyrokinetic software GYSELA. For a light impurity (He), the transport is mainly controlled by turbulence, while neoclassical transport is found to be dominant in the case of a heavy impurity (W). The impact of a poloidal asymmetry of the impurity density is also studied in detail and it is found to be strong in case of a high charge impurity, due to its Boltzmann-type response. Such strong asymmetry might lead to a core accumulation of heavy impurities by reducing the thermal screening factor of neoclassical transport. The two main contributions to neoclassical transport—Pfirsch–Schlüter (PS) flux and banana–plateau (BP) flux—are also studied. Depending on their mass (A) and charge (Z), the magnitudes of each flux are determined accordingly. Tungsten shows a strong PS flux compared to the other impurities, while BP flux is dominant in the case of argon. An analytical model including the effect of poloidal asymmetry is compared with the numerical simulation and a good agreement is found between them.
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Model Type Team Games Tournament (TGT) with Play Wheel Media on Students’ Interest in Biology Education STKIP Pembangunan Indonesia
Authors: Azis P A , Pertiwi N D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the learning process required a learning model that can improve learning outcomes and increase student interest in learning. One of them is the Cooperative Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model with a rotating wheel media. This model provides learning assistance and games for the discussion team with the help of students and self-study assistance without the help of the instructor from this process which then arises student interest in learning. The purpose of this study was to study the great learning of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Cooperative Learning model with the turning wheel media on the Student Interest in Biology Education in STKIP-PI Makassar. This study uses quantitative data analysis techniques by conducting analysis tests with hypothesis testing using trials. Based on the results of calculating student value data using the t-test and then proceed with the calculation of the percentage of influence with the coefficient of determination then it can be refuted as referred to the Cooperative Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model with the rotary wheel media for the benefit of student learning in Biology Education STKIP-PI Makassar is tall. Percentage of magnitude of influence shown by the results of the coefficient of determination is 51.05%. Means the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Cooperative Learning Model with the rotary wheel media has a positive influence to increase student interest in learning.