bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model of formation a metal nanoclusters under laser action in colloidal solution
Authors: Bukharov D.N. , Samyshkin V.D. , Osipov A.V. , Nazarenko B.S. , Arakelian S.M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The results of experimental studies of the production of metal nanoclusters in colloidal solutions are presented. Models based on the Smoluchowski equation for concentrations of nanoparticles of various sizes, as well as a model of cluster-cluster aggregation, are proposed, which can be useful in studying the processes of nanocluster formation in colloidal solutions.
Nir mono and bi 2-vinylthiophene substituted boron dipyrrin dyes: from practice to theory to further practice
Authors: Shagurin A.Yu. , Molchanov E.E. , Sbytov D.A. , Marfin Yu.S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Boron dipyrrin (BODIPY) family is one of the most studied collection of fluorophores, many of which are specifically designed for vital medical uses, such as cell imaging. In this research area, near-infrared absorbing and emitting compounds play the key role. Because of their long wavelength of absorption, they can be effectively excited by taking advantage of therapeutic window of human tissues. Herein we report the repeat of the synthesis of two vinylthiophene-substituted derivatives with extended π-electron systems and their computational investigation. Those dyes were prepared starting from methyl-substituted ones via addition reaction of aldehyde-containing thiophene following the literature. Obtained experimental and theoretical data will allow us to design promising tools not only for cell imaging, but also for fluorescent detection of heavy cations via coordination and possibly more.
A novel statistical decomposition of the historical change in global mean surface temperature
Authors: Qian Gangzhen , Li Qingxiang , Li Chao , Li Haiyan , Wang Xiaolan L , Dong Wenjie , Jones Phil 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
According to the characteristics of forced and unforced components to climate change, sophisticated statistical models were used to fit and separate multiple scale variations in the global mean surface temperature (GMST) series. These include a combined model of the multiple linear regression and autoregressive integrated moving average models to separate the contribution of both the anthropogenic forcing (including anthropogenic factors (GHGs, aerosol, land use, Ozone, etc) and the natural forcing (volcanic eruption and solar activities)) from internal variability in the GMST change series since the last part of the 19th century (which explains about 91.6% of the total variances). The multiple scale changes (inter-annual variation, inter-decadal variation, and multi-decadal variation) are then assessed for their periodic features in the remaining residuals of the combined model (internal variability explains the rest 8.4% of the total variances) using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method. Finally, the individual contributions of the anthropogenic factors are attributed using a partial least squares regression model.
Enhance capability of separable ball criterion for the bipartite quantum states
Authors: Qian Lilong , Chu Delin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The largest separable ball is a meaningful geometric sufficient condition for separability of bipartite quantum states which tells that all the states in the unit ball in Frobenius norm centered at the identity matrix are separable. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can improve the capability of this criterion to detect the separability outside the unit ball by solving an optimization problem based on the invertible local operators, that is, to optimize

(

A
⊗
B

)

ρ

(

A
⊗
B

)

†

−
1

F

with respect to the invertible square matrices A and B. The numerical examples have shown that our algorithm is more powerful than the original separable ball criterion.
The Equifinal Achievement of the Total Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids by Plants in Various Habitats
Authors: Scherbakov A V , Ivanov V B , Ivanova A V , Usmanov I Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The most important nonspecific stress-protecting function of flavonoids is antioxidant, which is associated with blocking the spread of free radicals in cells. Moreover, the effectiveness of individual classes of flavonoids as antioxidants is different; in particular, substances can differ by three or more times. The accumulation of flavonoids by individual plants is exceptionally high in plasticity. To estimate the total potential antioxidant activity, we proposed an indicator – the antioxidant status of flavonoids, taking into account the qualitative and quantitative composition of the identified flavonoids. It has been shown that relatively close values of this indicator can be formed due to different quantitative ratios of flavonoids – either a relatively large number of low-efficiency flavonoids or a much smaller number of high-efficiency ones can accumulate in plants. It has been established that this is characteristic of various species of plants that live in a variety of conditions – from horse marshes to the steppe zone and salt marshes.
Tests of the Iodine Level in Food Supplies of the Population in Central Yakutia
Authors: Sazonov N N , Kuzmina S S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Yakutia is an endemic territory for iodine content in the environment. The region of Central Yakutia belongs to the biogeochemical areas known for iodine deficiency. Goiter etiology is associated with low levels of iodine in food. Thus, we analyzed the iodine content in local raw materials (plants, animals, and natural water) in the biogeochemical areas of Central Yakutia. The obtained results show a low amount of iodine in various water sources (river water, lake water, snow water, and rainwater), even in other areas of Yakutia. The iodine content analysis was carried out in food of local origin (beef, horse meat, milk, potatoes, beets, and carrots) as essential food products. Compared to table values, the lowest iodine level was found in milk (3.3 times lower than the standard rate), vegetables (1.7 times lower), and fish (2 times lower). Satisfying values were registered only in meat. The approximate daily iodine intake of a resident has averaged 65.3 mcg, while the standard input is 130–150 mcg/day.
Thermophysical Properties of Chernozem Soils Growing Ornamental Plants in Summer
Authors: Makarychev S V , Shishkin A V , Khlebnikova V V , Chepushtanov S A , Limonov K A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently, there is no data on the transfer of heat and moisture of arboretum soils that grow such ornamental plants as Meyer lilac (Syringa meyeri), rowan “Alaya” (Sorbus aucuparia), and dwarf thuja “Danica” (Thuja occidentals). We experimentally determined that the thermophysical qualities of chernozems in lilac plantations changed with the water regime in the growing season. The sample maximum values of volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity were observed in the dense illuvial horizon. The sample minimums were registered in the AB transition horizon. Thermal diffusivity was the highest at the lowest humidity. In rowan plantations, the moisture content in transitional and illuvial horizons AB and B changed insignificantly. Such moisture distribution corresponds to the slope aspect and the features of rowan. The thermophysical coefficients also slightly fluctuated in rowan plantations, especially in the underlying horizons AB and B. The same horizons displayed the sample maximum of thermal diffusivity. It corresponded to the moisture content of capillarity disruption (MCCD from now onward). MCCD is a value lying between the minimal water potential of soil and the Briggs-Shantz wilting coefficient. It denotes the water content, at which moisture mobility and conductivity sharply decrease. In thuja plantations, the indexes of volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity in the upper soil horizon were minimal. In the illuvial horizon, these indexes were 42% and 12% higher, respectively. However, the uniform distribution of moisture in the soils that grow thuja has equalized thermal diffusivity in the AB and B horizons. Overall, the soil profile of rowan plantations contained less moisture than that of lilac and thuja plantations. Therefore, the volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity were lower, since they corresponded to the soil moisture content.
The Transformation of Forest Resources in the South of Western Siberia: Data from the Altai Krai
Authors: Otto O V , Redkin A G , Yesimova D D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The organization of sustainable forest management is of particular importance in low-forest areas, where forest ecosystems are the source of productive resources performing essential ecological functions. Therefore, the impact of economic activities on the natural vegetation cover can be direct (associated with the withdrawal of resources) or indirect (which occurs due to changes in the environmental conditions of plant growth). As a result of these processes, the productivity of ecosystems is reduced. We identified the main negative changes in the Altai Krai forest cover, which belongs to the West Siberian subtaiga forest-steppe and the Altai-Sayan subtaiga vegetation area. The decrease in forest productivity in the first district is associated with irrational felling, forest fires, and pests. The decrease in forest cover of the territory is particularly evident. The quality of foothill and mountain forests worsened due to the anthropogenic impact. Artificial restoration does not compensate for the damage to forest resources.
Drinking-water Quality Risk Assessment Based on Parameters with Organoleptic (Taste and Odor) Effects Observed in Water from Surface Water Intake and Infiltration Water Intake Facilities
Authors: Yalaletdinova A V , Kantor E A , Galimova Yu O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Risks of organoleptic (taste and odor) effects in drinking water from three water intake facilities are assessed, and research results are presented. The highest risk values for water hardness were identified in samples from infiltration water intake; the value for color-related risks was constant and equal to 0.001. For surface water intake samples, the values of water hardness and associated organoleptic risk are the lowest, compared to other water intakes, and do not exceed 0.008. Risk values of organoleptic effects associated with color at the surface water intake facilities are within the range of 0.001-0.003. The risk values for the taste, and odor effects due to turbidity are constant for all water intakes and equal to 0.002. There is no risk of developing organoleptic-olfactory products associated with the chemical oxygen demand parameter in all samples. The research shows that the overall values of the organoleptic risks are the highest in instances form infiltration water intakes compared with the surface water intake. In addition, the water hardness parameter contributes the most to overall organoleptic risks for all water intakes. The authors conclude that the risks associated with organoleptic (taste and odor) effects do not exceed an acceptable level, both for each indicator considered separately and for their combined effect.
Gill and skin pathology of hybrid grouper (E. fuscoguttatus x E. lanceolatus) infested Zeylanicobdella arugamensis worms in different infestations degree
Authors: Nisa M , Mahasri G , Sulmartiwi L 
Published: February 2021

AbstractZeylanicobdella arugamensisis one of the marine parasites that attacks Hybrid grouper fish(E. fuscoguttatus x E. lanceolatus)rearing. Death of infested fish occurs in a period of 3 days after infestation due to secondary infections caused by pathogenic bacteria such asVibrio alginolyticus. Severe infestation ofZeylanicobdella arugamensisoccurs in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchusspp.) and in hybrid groupers the prevalence is 59%. This research used survey method by sampling 50 hybrid groupers. The study aimed to determine the anatomic and histopathological pathology of the gills and skin of the hybrid grouper at different degrees of infestation. The pathology of gill and skin anatomy of the hybrid grouper infested byZeylanicobdella arugamensisare red, thickening and pale. The highest histopathological damage of the skin at severe infestations of 2.4a± 0.87 results in erosion, inflammation, congestion and hemorrhage. The highest histopathological damage to the gills at the degree of severe infestation 2.8a± 0.87 had fusion, telangeactasis and hyperplasia. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significant degree of infestation on the severity of histopathological changes in the gills and skin of the grouper that is 0.00 (p≤0.05).
Analysis of the density and intensity of metallothionein in Crassostrea cucullata oyster hulls in the coastal fishing port of Mayangan Probolinggo, East Java using immunohistochemical techniques
Authors: Isroni W , Maulida N , Mubaroqi M I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between heavy metal levels in the stomach of Crassostrea cucullata. Descriptive methods and oyster sampling were carried out at 3 stations and 3 oyster samples were taken from each station. Station I, it is suspected that the pollution came from waste from ship engine oil, or waste from ship repair, Station II is suspected of having contamination originating from TPI or SPN. Station III, it is suspected that the pollution came from domestic waste from the community who used the river as a disposal site. The results of the metalothionein density are in accordance with the response of the oyster hull to heavy metal absorption which indicates that the heavy metal content in the stomach at station 1 is higher when compared to station 2 and station 3. The highest metalothionein intensity is found at station 1 which is the dock area, while the lowest metalothionein intensity is found. located at station 1. station 3, namely the mangrove area. The color intensity of metalothionein varies at each station depending on the absorption rate of heavy metals by the oyster body. Average Metallothionein Intensity Graph.
Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Hatchery techniques: its performance in BBI Boyolali
Authors: Laksono M G , Sugianta  , Santanumurti M B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One type of freshwater ornamental fish favored by the Indonesian community is koi (Cyprinus carpio). Therefore, koi hatchery conducted by farmers is increasing each year. This study reported the performance of koi hatchery activity at the Balai Benih Ikan (BBI), Boyolali, Central Java, which is known as one of the koi aquaculture sites in Indonesia. The working method used in this study was a descriptive method. The koi hatchery activities showed a fecundity of 420,000 eggs with a hatching rate of 85.71%. The spawned eggs hatch within 3-5 days after the spawning process. Growth sampling on larvae was carried out 4 times during the hatchery period. The larvae on day 21 have an average length of 2.78 cm while on day 28 had an average length of 3.32 cm while the survival rate reached 75%.
Ectoparasite infestation and survival rate of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) that immunized with crude protein Zoothamnium penaei in intensive ponds
Authors: Mahasri G , Mukti A T , Nisa M , Prakosa G C , Satyantini W H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of research was to determine ectoparasite infestation and survival rate of L. vannamei immunized with Zoothamnium penaei crude protein in intensive ponds. This research was an experimental study to determine the effect of using feed and added crude protein Z. penaei to L. vannamei. The sample used was 10,000 (PL-11) L. vannamei. The collected data of ectoparasite infestatiton were analyzed by descriptive and variance analysis. There was a significant difference between the pacific white shrimp immunized with crude protein Z. penaei on the 1th, 30th, 60th and 90th days of maintenance (p< 0.05). The highest ectoparasite infestation occurred in L. vannamei aged 60 days, and 30 days respectively. An increase of ectoparasites infestation occurred on shrimp aged 30 to 60 days in the ponds, though there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). On 90 days of maintenance, there was an increase of ectoparasites infestation and it was significantly different from the infestations in shrimp aged 60 days in ponds (p<0.005). The survival rate of pacific white shrimp immunized with crude protein was the age of 90 days in the pond (79%). crude protein Z. penaei could suppress ectoparasite infestation and vannamei shrimp mortality in intensive ponds.
The effectiveness combination of maggot (Hermetia illucens) flour with commercial feed on growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Indriawati V , Rahardja B S , Prayogo  
Published: February 2021

AbstractTilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish commodity that has high economic value. One way to increase tilapia production is to conduct intensive culture efforts by providing artificial feed. However, an important problem in tilapia farming is the high price of commercial feed. One way to reduce the cost of producing expensive commercial feed is by utilizing alternative raw materials that are easily available. Maggot flour is an alternative raw material that has high nutritional value ranging from 30-45% at a cheaper price. This study aims to determine the addition of maggot flour to commercial feed can increase the growth rate and feed efficiency, and reduce the feed conversion ratio of tilapia. The method was experimental with a completely randomized design (CRD) as an experimental design. This research used five treatments and four repetitions consisting of P0 (0%), P1 (24%), P2 (49%), P3 (74%) and P4 (94%). The results showed that the addition of maggot flour to commercial feed had no effect (p> 0.05) on growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency of tilapia. The concentration of adding maggot flour which can produce values of growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency of tilapia is 24%.
Depuration of heavy metals Pb and Cd content in blood cockles (Anadara antiquata) with different filters
Authors: Arifin W , Rahardja B S , Pursetyo K T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The presence of heavy metals in the waters has a negative effect on the growth, reproduction, and survival of aquatic biota. Lead (Pb) is a toxic material that easily accumulates in human organs and can cause health problems in the form of anemia, impaired kidney function, disorders of the nervous system, brain and skin. The limit consumption of Pb is 0.2 - 2.0 mg per day. Cadmium (Cd) is the heavy metal most commonly found in the environment, especially the water environment, and has a high toxic effect, even at low concentrations. This study aim to determine the best filter to reduce the Pb and Cd content of blood cockle (Anadara antiquata). The research method is experimental using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments test used Gracillaria sp, zeolite and activated carbon filters. The test for heavy metal content used the AAS test. The results showed that the difference of filter have an effect on the reduction of Pb and Cd content in blood cockle. Giving activated charcoal filters can decreased the Pb and Cd content higher, with an average percentage of 31.5% for Pb and 28.56% for Cd.
Effect of Culture Combination on Growth and Carrageenan Content of Kappaphycus alvarezii Green and Red Variety
Authors: Abdillah A A , Triastuti J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Indonesia as second of the biggest Kappaphycus alvarezii producer in the world, which were cultured using a different variety called green and red variety of K. alvarezii. The aims of this study is to determine the effect of culture combination method on growth and yield of carrageenan extracted a red and green variety of K. alvarezii, which were used the randomized block design was conducted in. The result demonstrated among red and green did not show significantly (p>0.05) in growth at two weeks of culture periods. However, beyond 3-5 weeks of culture periods, K. alvarezii green variety showed significantly different (p<0.05), which mix culture method showed better growth than the red variety. Interestingly, K. alvarezii green variety demonstrated higher carrageenan content when mixed with red variety in one raft during the culture period, which was presented correlation with growth parameter. Furthermore, combination culture method could be suggested for seaweed farmers that face problems in occupying mono variety K. alvarezii seed during seaweed culture.
Examination of Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method
Authors: Fadilah A N , Fasya A H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Frozen shrimp is one type of fishery product. Fishery products are a type of food that is susceptible to damage due to pathogenic microbial contamination. Virus is a type of pathogen that can attack fishery commodities including shrimp. One type of virus that attacts shrimp namely Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV). This study aims to detect Taura Syndrome Virus in frozen white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) products. The research was carried out in December 2019 - January 2020 at the Fish Quarantine Center, Quality Control and Safety of Fishery Products in Surabaya II. Materials used in this study consist of two types of frozen shrimp, namely 5 samples of tiger prawn and 2 samples of white shrimp. Virus testing samples were detected molecularly using the conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method which consisted of an extraction stage using a Silica Extraction Kit, an amplification stage, electrophoresis and result visualization. This research was observative, then the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that all shrimp samples consisting of white shrimp dan tiger prawn were negative of the Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV).
Effect of temperature and Mg-Zn catalyst ratio on decarboxylation reaction to produce green diesel from kapok oil with saponification pretreatment using NaOH
Authors: Chumaidi A , Dewajani H , Sulaiman M A , Angestine F , Putri A , Pravitasari S A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Green diesel is an emerging option to solve the increasing consumption of diesel (fossil based fuel). It involves converting readily available vegetable oils and animal fats to alkane hydrocarbons that can be considered to be drop-in replacements for petroleum-based fuel component. This review journal investigate the results of diesel-like hydrocarbon fuel by catalytic thermal decarboxylation of Mg-Zn basic soap by saponification using NaOH from kapok oil. Specifically, it outlines a comparative assessment of the operating parameters of the temperature and mole ratio of Mg-Zn catalyst to select the appropriate path based on the desired conversion, yield and selectivity. The results of the literature study show that kapok oil can produce diesel equivalent biohydrocarbon products by reviewing the main composition of the kapok oil which containing linoleic acid. An increase in the temperature of the decarboxylation reaction can increase the conversion to green diesel products, n-heptadecane. The result from previous experiment showed that the highest conversion of decarboxylation of castor oil is 65% at 475°C. However, high temperatures can cause decreased selectivity due to the production of undesirable products like in the decarboxylation experiment of soybean oil which showed that the yield at 400°C is decreased to 25%. The mole ratio of Mg-Zn used in the decarboxylation reaction does not have a significant effect on the yield of green diesel products.