bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of CNS, ZnO/CNS and ZnCr2O4/CNS composites from patchouli biomass by using microwave for remediation of pesticide contaminated surface water in paddy field
Authors: Setianingsih T , Purwonugroho D , Prananto YP 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Patchouli biomass is a potential precursor for CNS synthesis. In this research, the patchouli was pyrolyzed using the microwave. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of microwave energy and activator toward physicochemistry of CNS and composite (ZnO/CNS) and application of ZnCr2O4/CNS for the pesticide polluted surface water remediation in paddy field. In the process, the biomass was pyrolyzed at four and 8W with and without the ZnCl2 activator. The products were blended and evaporated to obtain CNS and ZnO/CNS. The products were characterized using FTIR spectrometry, XRD, and dispersion test. The composites were used to synthesize ZnCr2O4/CNS at 600W in the microwave. The composites were used for buthylphenylmethyl carbamate pesticide degradation test (BPMC) for 48 h with H2O2 oxidation. The FTIR spectra indicated better carbonization for products taken using an activator at both microwave energies. The X-ray diffractograms showed the turbostratic structure of carbon obtained at 4W pyrolysis (with activator), meanwhile 8W pyrolysis (without activator). ZnO and turbostratic carbon structures were shown by the product of 8W pyrolisis with activator. The calcined composite indicated ZnCr2O4/CNS. The degradation test showed that ZnCr2O4/CNS(8W) catalyst decreased the BMPC concentration almost three times that of the composite (4W).
Flow Behavior of Boyong River as Revealed by Long-term Hydro-monitoring System
Authors: Hidayat M , Legono D , Wignyosukarto B , Jayadi R , Rahardjo A P , Hairani A , Harsanto P , Ikhsan J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBoyong River is one of many rivers originating from Mt. Merapi, flows across three autonomy administrative of Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta City, and Bantul Regency. The river experiences flood in the form of lava flow several times, and the 1994 and 2010 occurrences were considered the biggest ones along with the river history. In line with the rapid development of information and communication technology, efforts to develop the early warning system due to the Mt. Merapi disaster have been implemented by the Hydraulic Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University 2006. This paper presents the study results of Boyong River flow behavior by analyzing the data obtained from the monitoring system. The Gemawang Weir at Boyong River was selected as the river control point understudy; those include the catchment boundary, the catchment characteristics, and the hydraulic features. Monitoring equipment consists of an automatic water level recorder (AWLR), the flow visualization using a Brinno camera, and the hydrophone monitoring system. The flow hydrograph characteristics and its corresponding sediment transport rate are considered two parameters for identifying the flow behavior. The results show that the precursive and recession times of the flood hydrograph are about 1-3 hours and 3.5-5 hours, respectively.
Hydraulic model experiment of energy dissipation on the horizontal and USBR II stilling basin
Authors: Dermawan V , Suhardjono  , Prasetyorini L , Anam S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flow conditions on overflow systems can result in construction failure, mainly due to the high flow energy. Stilling basin at downstream of the spillway is useful for reducing flow energy. It can reduce the destructive force of water flow. Controlling the hydraulic jump is an important part that includes the jump’s energy, length, and height. The physical hydraulic model was carried out with several series, by making a series of bottom lowering of horizontal and USBR II stilling basin. The experimental study is expected to represent flow behavior in the overflow system regarding flow conditions and energy dissipation. Based on the analytical calculation of flow velocity, the amount of flow energy that occurs at each control point is calculated. The control points are the starting point of the spillway, the chute way toe, and flow depth after the hydraulic jump. The energy loss can be calculated for each control point, while the efficiency of energy dissipation on stilling basin is calculated at the downstream flow depth after the hydraulic jump. Velocity calculated by dividing discharge per unit width by water depth which is based on the flow depth measurement data in the hydraulic model.
Finding the optimum groin layout for the Konaweha river banks protection via 2D numerical modeling
Authors: Zulfan J , Ginting B M , Hidayat M N , Rimawan R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
River bank erosion has become a critical issue, especially for river bends with an alluvial soil type. Mostly, river bank erosions have caused structural failures because many national roads in Indonesia are placed near the river bend areas. Groins can reduce flow velocity, thereby increasing riverbank stability. However, most groins were installed in the river without impacting the river flow due to the improper design. This paper analyzes the use of groins placed at the river bend of the Konaweha River to protect the river bank with a length of 250 m from erosion. The evaluation employs 2D numerical modeling using MIKE21 FM to observe the influence of the groin on the river velocity, flow distribution pattern, and water level. Sixteen model scenarios with four groin configurations were tested for 25-year discharge, 2-year discharge, normal discharge 600 m3/s, and low discharge 197 m3/s to achieve the most effective plan. Based on the simulation results, Scenarios with five groins are recommended to reduce the flow velocity along the outer river bank from 2 to 0.3 m/s, thus minimizing the erosion. In addition, the spacing of groins being twice the groin length is recommended.
Flow and sediment transport in a sharp river bend using a 3D-RANS model
Authors: Sisinggih D , Wahyuni S , Rasyid A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flow dynamics and sediment transport in a river bend have recently been studied using experimental and numerical investigations. A three-dimensional numerical modeling model named NaysCUBE was used in this study to describe the flow pattern and process of sediment transport in a sharp river bend as a complement to the prior work of the physical hydraulic model. The model uses the RANS equation to simulate flow where a fully complex 3D flow is governed. Despite the limitations of the RANS model, NaysCUBE well reproduces the flow pattern and turbulence phenomena in a movable bed channel with sharp curvature. Compared with data from a prior experiment, the morphological adjustment is simulated sufficiently. The three-dimensional flow structures are useful for determining the appropriate countermeasures for local scouring and riverbank protection.
Simulation of debris flows in the watershed of the Putih River, Indonesia using SIMLAR 2.1
Authors: Ikhsan J , Ardiansyah R , Legono D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In 2010, the eruption of Mount Merapi produced a huge volcanic material for debris flows. One area affected by the debris flows is the watershed of Putih River. To predict the impact caused by debris flows can be done by using software such as the Simulation Lahar (SIMLAR) 2.1. In this paper, debris flow modelling will be carried out using SIMLAR 2.1 in conditions without sabo dams and using sabo dams. This simulation aims to determine the effectiveness of the sabo dams in reducing the impact of debris flows. The data used are rainfall data, DEM and sediment data in Putih River. The results show that the sabo dam building can slow down the velocity of debris flow. In addition, sabo dams also function as a barrier to riverbed erosion in the Putih River watershed. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that SIMLAR 2.1 can predict the impact of debris flows in the Putih River watershed.
Determination of Types and Characteristics of Laterite Soil as Basic Land for Building Construction
Authors: Chandrasasi D , Marsudi S , Suhartanto E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLaterite soil is red soil because it contains iron and aluminum. It is an old type of soil, so it is suitable for all plants. Laterite soils are located in the reservoir area of the Wonogiri Dam - Central Java. The nature of laterite soil that quickly absorbs water and the soil texture is strong and dense indicates the type of soil used for a mixture to make roads. This study aims to identify and characterize the lateritic soils to support the construction of roads that will be used. It is needed to test the soil’s property index, including moisture content test, density test, Atterberg limit, and grain sieve analysis. At the same time, it tested the classification of laterite soil characteristics using standards of USCS and AASHTO. To test the shear strength of the laterite soil is using Direct Shear. Based on the analysis, the laterite soil from sedimentation in Wonogiri dam is classified as poor and does not meet the requirements to be used as a subgrade in building construction. It can be considered include need to improve to carried out first.
Evaluation of the Open Diversion Channel Capacity on Margatiga Dam Construction Project using 6D BIM Analysis
Authors: Nugraha  , Hermawan F D , Monica S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Margatiga Dam is designed to combine a gravity concrete dam and rockfill with an upright core. In the Margatiga Dam Project, river diversion is carried out in 2 stages. Stage 1 through a trapezoidal open channel with discharge plan of Q10 years approximately 789.10 m3/second and stage 2 with the diversion discharge of Q25 years approximately 976.90 m3/second. During construction, the stage 1 diversion channel is built with a capacity that exceeds the planned design due to the very high water level fluctuations. Moreover, an evaluation is needed regarding the annual plan discharge that passes through stage 1. The Evaluation is based on data from the desk study and 6D BIM analysis. Based on the analysis, the water level is at elevation +19.50. The discharge through the diversion channel on this stage is 884.69 m3/second; this discharge exceeds the planned discharge design for diversion channel stage 1 with an annual Q10 discharge of approximately 789.10 m3/second.
Analysis of water availability of the Singkoyo River for the irrigation needs in the Banggai Regency, Indonesian
Authors: Lipu S , Vargorio R , Retno O D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indonesia relies on its food security by expanding the area and productivity of agricultural land. This condition requires water to irrigate existing rice fields, such as in the Singkoyo area. This study aims to determine the study area’s surface water availability (Q80), irrigation needs, and water balance. Some methods are applied, such as Penman-Monteith for the evapotranspiration calculation, and the FJ Mock method for the dependable flow and water need based on the annual cropping plan. The result shows that the Singkoyo River, with a catchment area of 408.55 km2, has an average flow rate for Q80 is 6.24 m3sec-1, whereas the most significant discharge occurs in July 15.48 m3sec-1 and the smallest occurs in November at 2.86 m3sec-1. On the other hand, applying the worst scenario with three times of planting per year with rice, the need for three irrigation areas vary according to the NFR during the plantation phase from 7.20 m3sec-1 at the 3rd planting season in October, and the lowest is 2.0 m3sec-1 at the 2nd planting season in February. The water balance is mostly surplus from December to August, but then deficit during September to November by -1.34 m3 sec-1 on average.
Study on the Performance of the Hydraulics System Planning of Swampy Irrigation Area of Dadahup, Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan Province
Authors: Arif M I , Legono D , Luknanto D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Swampy Irrigation Area (DIR) Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) Dadahup is a swampy irrigation area that needs serious handling of flood control. This flood is resulting in crop failure in several blocks. Furthermore, the malfunctioning of the main gates in controlling the entry and exit of water resulted in a long-standing inundation for the land. This paper presents the hydraulic system of the irrigation network of DIR UPT Dadahup by reviewing secondary data and documentation of field observations. Based on these parameters, the authors simulate the main primary channel using HEC-RAS to perform hydraulic analysis. The flow simulation results show that water entering the land inundated the three canal segments. One has the highest embankment elevation of 1,778 m, with the highest tide on the channel section of 2.25 m. Other results showed that water entering the land also inundated one channel section. The highest embankment elevation was 1,233 m, with the highest tide on the channel section being 1.4 m. From these results, the overflow of water was then eliminated by the heightening of the embankment.
The hydrodynamics condition of water operating area for flight test site selection of N219 Amphibious aircraft
Authors: Khoirunnisa H , Wibowo M , Hendriyono W , Wardani K S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis research aims to assess the hydrodynamics condition of the water area for site selection of that purpose. The bathymetry data of Karimunjawa Island were obtained from the 1986 Pushidrosal bathymetric map. Furthermore, wind direction, wind speed, wave height and direction, and tidal data around the waters of Karimunjawa Island were input in hydrodynamic and spectral modelling using MIKE 21 HD-SW. West monsoon and east monsoon were applied in this model. The validation result between hydrodynamic modelling and Tidal Model Driver (TMD) data is 98.89%. The surface elevation around the domain has a range of 0.072 - 0.5 m. The average water depth at the seaplane dock plan is about 2.5 m from MSL. The hydrodynamic modeling results show that the surface elevation value at the seaplane dock plan location shows that the sea level is between -0.467 to 0.473 m (in both west and east season). The current velocity at the planned seaplane dock site in both the west and east monsoons is relatively slow (<0.185 m/s). The dominant wave direction is southeastward in the east and west monsoons. The dominant Hs is about 0.23 – 0.6 m in both seasons. At the planned water operating area, the average of Hs is 0.23 m - 0.36 m. Generally, this location fulfills the criteria of site selection for the flight test location of N219A.
Comparisons of distributed and lumped rainfall-runoff model for soil moisture estimation
Authors: Hapsari R I , Syarifuddin M , Putri R I , Novianto D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Soil moisture is an important parameter in landslides because of increased pore pressure and decreased shear strength. This research aims to derive soil moisture indicators from two hydrological models: the physically-based distributed hydrological model and the lumped model. Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) Model is used to simulate the hydrological response of catchments to the rainfall-induced landslide in a distributed manner. Tank Model as a lumped hydrological model is also used in this study to simulate the dynamic of soil moisture. The study area is the upper Brantas River Basin, prone to landslides due to heavy rainfall and steep slope. Calibration of the model is conducted by tuning the model according to the river discharge data. The simulation indicates that acceptable performance is confirmed. Tank Model can provide the dynamic of the soil moisture. However, by using this approach, the spatial variation of the soil moisture cannot be presented. Regarding the quantitative amount of soil water content, RRI Model could make a reasonable simulation though the temporal variation is not adequately reproduced. Validation of this method with satellite soil moisture as well as ground measurement is also presented. The challenges of using these approaches to develop landslide hazard assessment are discussed.
Handling of The Environmental Drainage System In Jembrana District, Bali Province
Authors: Nuraga K , Prasetyorini L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rapid growth of the urban population should be followed by the provision of basic infrastructure and facilities inadequate residential areas. One of them is the facilities and infrastructure for the environmental drainage system in residential areas to be free from standing water, especially during the rainy season. In Jembrana Regency, especially in Negara city and its surroundings, there are fourteen inundation points spread over 3 (three) districts. Drainage treatment is carried out by ranking priority scales based on inundation parameters. The parameters are inundation of height, length, frequency, and also the loss parameters due to inundation of economic facilities, public facilities, transportation facilities, housing, and casualties. With limited funds available, detailed planning is carried out on three inundation points with the highest priority score. The analysis shows that three inundation points receive priority for handling, namely Baler Bale Agung village’s environmental drainage system, Dauh Waru village, and environmental drainage Loloan Timur village. The drainage construction system uses an open channel with a U-ditch type and a box culvert with freecast concrete’s quality value of K-350.
Study of climate change effect on water balance in upper Citarum Watershed, the Krueng Cunda Watershed, and the Woske Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Chalid A , Mulyadi A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The community feels the changes in water availability due to climate change will directly impact water availability, especially water availability in rivers, reservoirs and other water reservoirs. The purpose of this analysis is to determine changes in the rainy season shift, changes in mainstay discharge, and the effect of climate change on water balance. The results show a shift in the rainy season and a significant decrease in rainfall during the last ten years. In the Upper Citarum watershed (UCW), there is a change in the maximum and minimum mainstay discharge in the three watersheds. Climate change significantly affects the water balance in a watershed. Meanwhile, in the Krueng Cunda watershed (KCW) and the Woske watersheds (WW), there was a decrease in the value of the water balance, which was the same as the UCW. However, still able to meet the water needs of the population. There was a decrease in the value of the water balance, which was the same as the UCW, but still able to meet the population’s water needs.
Assessment of spatial changes of LULC dynamics, using multi temporal landsat data (case study: Lesti Sub Watershed, Malang Regency, Indonesia)
Authors: Darmawan A A , Suhardjono  , Bisri M , Suhartanto E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The research background is to present certain important observations about land change as one of the basis for decision making for water resources management in the sub-urban environment, taking into account field data and classification of satellite imagery to understand natural spatial change patterns. The Lesti sub-watershed, an area upstream of the Brantas River related to multi-functional activities, continues to develop in terms of infrastructure management, especially the river water discharge that enters the Sengguruh Reservoir which causes increased pressure on water and human needs for housing. The method is utilizing Landsat satellite imagery for the last 20 years is used to obtain an analysis of land use/land cover (called: LULC) changes to see the rate of change over the last 20 years. The land use classes used are agricultural land, surface vegetation, built-up areas, open land, and water bodies. Landsat satellite imagery data are classified and used to obtain LULC analysis in the area, to estimate and understand the rate of change over the last 20 years. The results showed that for 20 years, vegetation and open land experienced a considerable decline, while the value of built-up land increased from 0.79% to 13.26%.
Dam break analysis using 1D geometry at Jatigede Dam, Sumedang
Authors: Purnama N , Jayadi R , Istiarto  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dam breaks can result in flash floods which have enormous destructive power. This destructive force becomes even more significant when the dam break occurs in a dam with a large capacity. An example is the Jatigede Dam, which has a capacity of 1,060 million m3. To determine the flash flood characteristics and potential impact of the collapse of the Jatigede Dam, an analysis of the dam break was carried out using HEC-RAS software. The dam break scenario uses a Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) inflow with the partial opening of two spillway gates in the middle, which causes the dam overtopping. The Froehlich and Von Thun, and Gillette regression methods were used to defining the breach parameters. Based on the dam break analysis, the simulated flash flood of the Von Thun-Gillette method resulted in a higher velocity and lower water surface elevation than the Froehlich method. The difference in the velocity, dimension of the breach shape, water surface elevation, and discharge is caused by the breaching shape and breach formation time.
Dam Break Analysis of Salomekko Dam Using Zhong Xing HY21
Authors: Ayu M , Juwono P T , Asmaranto R , Milleanisa K E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Every Dam must have an emergency plan document in which there is a dam collapse analysis. Based on previous research, it is stated that dam collapse often occurs due to runoff and piping. In this case, the Dam that will be studied is Salomekko Dam, located in Bone Regency. Salomekko Dam is located in the Salomekko Hamlet of Ulu Balang Village, Salomekko Subdistrict, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province, which provides water for agricultural irrigation. Analysis of the collapse of the Salomekko Dam was carried out due to overtopping and piping. The stillness of the air overflows through the top of the Dam. At the same time, the piping is caused by seepage in the dam body, which carries the dam material gradually. Analysis of the Salomekko Dam collapse using the Zhong Xing HY21 application can produce maps of flood inundation distribution, flood outflow hydrographs, and flood times. Based on these results, it can also have a hazardous impact to define boundaries of disaster-affected areas.
Preliminary Study on Hand-cast Lightweight Concrete Block using Raw Rice Husk as Aggregate
Authors: Winarno S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Raw rice husk is an abundantly available waste material in Indonesia as one of rice producing countries. Due to rice husk is light in weight and convex in shape, this paper presents a preliminary application of raw rice husk as natural aggregate in order to make lightweight concrete blocks. Concrete specimens contained Portland Cement, filler, and raw rice husk, in which the mix proportion was in volumetric ratio, i.e 1.25 cement and 2.75 filler constantly, whereas dosage of rice husk varied from 8.5 to 10. The production of the concrete block was by mixing the ingredients together and then the mixture was casted and compacted on moulds by hand manually. Series laboratory experiments were accomplished to analyse the compressive strength and density. For this, four groups of mixes were prepared. The results have shown that the higher proportion of rice husk is the lower its compressive strength and the lighter its density. At proportion of 1,25 cement: 2,75 fillers: 8,5 raw rice husks, the compressive strength is 26.64 kg/cm2 and this satisfies the minimum standard (25 kg/cm2). Unfortunately, the density is 1,536.73 kg/m3 and it is higher than the maximum standard of 1,400 kg/m3. Thus, it is important to research further by making and testing some improved specimens with more cement, more rice husk, and less filler to fulfil strength and density.