bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Riesz basisness of the eigenfunctions and eigenvectors connected to the stability problem of a fluid‐conveying tube with boundary control
Authors: Mahinzaeim Mahyar , Xu Gen Qi , Feng Xiao Xuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the present paper we study the stability problem for a stretched tube conveying fluid with boundary control. The abstract spectral problem concerns operator pencils of the forms
taking values in different Hilbert product spaces. Thorough analysis is made of the existence, location, multiplicities, and asymptotics of eigenvalues in the complex plane and Riesz basisness of the corresponding eigenfunctions and eigenvectors. Well‐posedness of the closed‐loop system represented by the initial‐value problem for the abstract equation
is established in the framework of ‐semigroups as well as expansions of the solutions in terms of eigenvectors and stability of the closed‐loop system. For the parameters of the problem we give new regions, larger than those in the literature, in which a stretched tube with flow, simply supported at one end, with a boundary controller applied at the other end, can be exponentially stabilised.
Working memory processes and the histamine-3 receptor in schizophrenia: a [11C]MK-8278 PET-fMRI study
Authors: Arumuham Atheeshaan , Shatalina Ekaterina , Nour Matthew M. , Veronese Mattia , Onwordi Ellis Chika , Kaar Stephen J. , Jauhar Sameer , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Howes Oliver D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Working memory impairment is a prominent feature of schizophrenia which predicts clinical and functional outcomes. Preclinical data suggest histamine-3 receptor (H3R) expression in cortical pyramidal neurons may have a role in working memory, and post-mortem data has found disruptions of H3R expression in schizophrenia.

Objectives
We examined the role of H3R in vivo to elucidate its role on working memory impairment in schizophrenia.

Methods
We used positron emission tomography (PET) with the selective H3R radioligand [11C]MK-8278 to measure H3R availability, and employed a task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess working memory-evoked brain activation and cognitive task performance, in patients with schizophrenia (n = 12) and matched healthy volunteers (n = 12). We assessed the relationship between H3R availability and both task performance and working memory-evoked brain activation in regions of interest (ROIs), including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).

Results
Patients with schizophrenia showed a strong positive correlation, after corrections for multiple comparisons, between ACC H3R availability and task performance (rho = 0.73, p = 0.007), which was absent in the control group (rho = 0.03, p = 0.94). Further ROI analysis did not find a significant relationship between H3R availability and working memory-evoked brain activation.

Conclusions
These results provide support for the role of H3R on working memory processes in patients with schizophrenia.
Experimental Assessment of Traction Force and Associated Fetal Brain Deformation in Vacuum-Assisted Delivery
Authors: Pitti Estelle , Herling Lotta , Li Xiaogai , Ajne Gunilla , Larsson Matilda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVacuum-assisted delivery (VAD) uses a vacuum cup on the fetal scalp to apply traction during uterine contractions, assisting complicated vaginal deliveries. Despite its widespread use, VAD presents a higher risk of neonatal morbidity compared to natural vaginal delivery and biomechanical evidence for safe VAD traction forces is still limited. The aim of this study is to develop and assess the feasibility of an experimental VAD testing setup, and investigate the impact of traction forces on fetal brain deformation. A patient-specific fetal head phantom was developed and subjected to experimental VAD in two testing setups: one with manual and one with automatic force application. The skull phantom was 3D printed using multi-material Polyjet technology. The brain phantom was cast in a 3D-printed mold using a composite hydrogel, and sonomicrometry crystals were used to estimate the brain deformation in three brain regions. The experimental VADs on the fetal head phantom allowed for quantifying brain strain with traction forces up to 112 N. Consistent brain crystal movements aligned with the traction force demonstrated the feasibility of the setup. The estimated brain deformations reached up to 4% and correlated significantly with traction force (p < 0.05) in regions close to the suction cup. Despite limitations such as the absence of scalp modeling and a simplified strain computation, this study provides a baseline for numerical studies and supports further research to optimize the safety of VAD procedures and develop VAD training platforms.
Single-person household and local government expenditure: evidence from South Korea
Authors: Jung Hoyong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe global rise in single-person households represents a significant demographic shift with profound implications for government policy, where the household serves as a primary unit of analysis. This study examines the implications of this trend on local government expenditure, focusing specifically on Korea, a nation grappling with unprecedented challenges such as low birth rates, an aging population, and a surge in single-person households. From a public financial perspective, we analyze the causal relationship between the increase in single-person households and local government spending through instrumental variable estimation. Our findings indicate that the expansion of single-person households leads to increased local government expenditure, with variations across age groups, urban-rural divides, and expenditure categories. Based on these findings, we discuss policy implications, emphasizing the need for tailored responses to address the evolving dynamics of household structures and their impact on public finances.
High-entropy alloys for nuclear applications
Authors: Chakraborty Poulami , Tewari Raghvendra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh-entropy alloys (HEAs) because of their attractive properties, provide a unique opportunity to develop materials suitable for structural applications in the harsh environment (high-temperature and intense irradiation) prevailing in Gen IV nuclear power reactors. HEAs based on refractory elements (RHEAs) can display excellent stability at high temperatures and superior irradiation resistance due to the BCC-based structures obtained in most alloys. In this regard, the design and development of RHEAs based on the ZrNbVTiAl system have been actively pursued at BARC. Detailed characterization of microstructure and mechanical properties of these alloys having equiatomic and non-equiatomic compositions have been carried out. The study revealed the possibility of attaining significantly higher strengths up to 1.25 GPa and excellent fabricability as a result of dynamic recrystallization at high temperatures. In addition, the dissolution of AlZr-type intermetallics was observed after proton irradiation which helped in bringing the system towards a single-phase BCC structure.
About very
Authors: Goncharov Julie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There is a peculiar class of degree modifiers, represented by very in English, that can occur in definite descriptions with no apparent gradable property, such as the very man we saw yesterday. These modifiers are commonly assumed to have the same mechanism of modification as regular degree modifiers, like really and extremely. This paper argues that this assumption is fallacious. Modification by very and its kin involves a special mechanism that crucially relies on the availability of a context shift of a particular kind. This special mechanism explains the appearance of very in definite descriptions with no gradable properties and also accounts for a number of additional facts about the distribution of very.
Squares of conjugacy classes and a variant on the Baer–Suzuki Theorem
Authors: Parker Chris , Saunders Jack 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor p a prime, G a finite group and A a normal subset of elements of order p, we prove that if A2 = {ab ∣ a,b ∈ A} consists of p-elements then Q = 〈A〉 is soluble. Further, if Op(G) = 1, we show that p is odd, F(Q) is a non-trivial p′-group and Q/F(Q) is an elementary abelian p-group. We also provide examples which show this conclusion is best possible.
Insights into the flow characteristics during hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Abdi Rezvan , Krzaczek Marek , Abdi Meisam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical model to study fracture propagation during water-based hydraulic fracturing. To address the computational challenges associated with the numerical model, the proposed approach employs a set of overlapping spheres arranged in a monolayer to construct a porous specimen containing pre-existing cracks. The fluid-filled cracks represent various stages of initiation and propagation of fluid-driven fracture. The high-pressure fluid flow within the fractures is considered under isothermal conditions. Unlike the conventional focus on rock fracture analysis, the presented approach focuses on flow characteristics during fracture growth. The main objective of the presented study is to provide a detailed description of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) aspects of fracture propagation during hydraulic fracturing to aid in calibration and validation of simplified discrete element method (DEM) models coupled with CFD representing this phenomenon. Experimental validations performed in previous studies support the model's reliability, making it useful in particular for calibration and validation of coupled 2D DEM-CFD models constructed from one layer of spheres. Obtaining experimental data for such cases is practically challenging, and the proposed model addresses the lack of reliable experimental data for hydraulic fracturing. To achieve this, representative specimens are designed, accurate simulations are conducted and precise assessments of the results are performed. Key variables such as density, pressure, velocity, porosity, and permeability were measured to facilitate the validation and calibration of future DEM-CFD studies.
Representing a Catholic school identity in primary school textbooks: a historical account of Hong Kong since 1973
Authors: Tse Thomas Kwan-Choi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReligious education is the bearer and mediator of the identity and values of Catholic schools and enables students to learn the faith and thus lay the foundations for evangelization. It has therefore been valued and upheld by the Catholic diocese for many years. This article examines this identity portrayed in three textbooks for Catholic elementary school in Hong Kong and discusses the sacred and social order portrayed therein. While maintaining the Catholic faith as the main axis, the textbooks took into account the fact that most students were non-believers and provided students with an appropriate outlook and attitude towards life based on the teachings of Jesus. The textbooks took the perspective of gratitude for blessings and instructed children to be good children of Heavenly Father, to trust in God wholeheartedly, and to love Jesus Christ and others. Prayers were capitalized in all three versions. The new textbooks introduced students to other religions in a respectful and inclusive way. With an emphasis on exploring issues that students encounter in life and development, topics not previously covered within the teachings of the Catholic Church were included. Efforts were made to incorporate Catholic knowledge and characters or thoughts from traditional Chinese culture to strengthen students’ Chinese identity and enhance the local characteristics of Catholicism. These findings can enrich our understanding of the ways in which the Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong maintains a Catholic school identity with local adaptations amidst demographic, social and political changes.
A fundamental question of counting in association rules
Authors: Bodoff David , Goldman Marina Feldus 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDiscovery association rules (D-AR) are widely used for data mining in industry, and have been extensively researched in academia. An elementary step in the calculation of the strength of each proposed rule X→Y is the tabulation of occurrences and co-occurrences of X and Y. Yet, a fundamental question does not appear to have received attention in the literature. The question is, how should one count these occurrences? Nearly all researchers and practitioners use one method, but there is actually an alternative way to count, and the data mining literature has not seriously considered the alternative or justified the prevailing choice. This fundamental question of counting is not a purely theoretical difference; the methods yield different results. In this research, we investigate the implications of the two methods. Results include the following: (1) Both methods can be correct under different probabilistic setups; (2) The two counting methods yield different results, in terms of the ranking of rules by their strengths; (3) The extent to which the methods diverge depends on properties of the data, one of which we identify; (4) Based on analytical and empirical results, we propose a set of guidelines for making a principled choice of counting method in a given study. Our research provides the basis for choosing an appropriate D-AR counting method, and improves our understanding of how this choice affects the meaning, strengths, and limitations of results.
LEAFY1 and 2 are required for floral organ development in soybean
Authors: Wang Lingshuang , Liu Huan , Chen Lei , Su Tong , Li Shichen , Fang Chao , Lu Sijia , Liu Baohui , Yang Hui , Kong Fanjiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a vital step for the reproductive success of plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, LEAFY (LFY) plays crucial roles in inflorescence primordium and floral organ development, but little is known about the roles of its homologs in crop plants such as soybean (Glycine max). Here, we investigated the expression patterns and functions of the two LFY genes (LFY1 and LFY2) in soybean. Both genes were predominantly expressed in unopened flowers and the shoot apical meristem, with LFY2 having the higher transcript abundance. In an in situ hybridization assay, LFY genes produced strong signals in the floral meristem. We next generated lfy1 and lfy2 knockout lines. The lfy2 mutants showed obvious changes in floral organ morphology, but the lfy1 mutants showed no obvious changes in floral organ morphology or pod development. The lfy1 lfy2 double mutants displayed more serious defects in floral organ development than lfy2, resulting in complete sterility. Gene expression analysis revealed differences in expression of the A-class APETALA (AP) genes AP1a and AP1b in the double mutant lines. These results suggest that LFY2 plays an important role in floral organ formation in soybean by regulating the expression of homeotic genes. Our findings increase the understanding of floral development, which could be useful for flower designs during hybrid soybean breeding.
Examining public support for comprehensive policy packages to tackle unhealthy food environments
Authors: Wahnschafft Simone , Spiller Achim , Boztuğ Yasemin , von Philipsborn Peter , Lemken Dominic 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study examines public support – and its drivers – for comprehensive policy packages (i.e. bundles of coherent policy measures introduced together) aimed at improving food environments.

Design:
Participants completed an online survey with a choice-based conjoint experiment, where they evaluated pairs of policy packages comprising up to seven distinct food environment measures. After choosing a preferred package or opting for a single policy, participants designed their ideal policy package. Based on their choices, respondents were categorised as resistant, inclined or supportive towards policy packaging according to their frequency of opting out for single measures and the number of policies they included in their ideal package.

Setting:
The study was conducted in Germany via an online survey.

Participants:
The sample included 1200 eligible German voters, recruited based on age, gender and income quotas.

Results:
Based on both opt-out frequency (44·7 %) and ideal policy packaging (72·8 %) outcomes, most respondents were inclined towards policy packages. The inclusion of fiscal incentives and school-based measures in packages enhanced support, while fiscal disincentives reduced it. Key drivers of support included beliefs about the importance of diet-related issues and the role of government in regulation, while socio-demographic factors, political leaning and personal experience with diet-related disease had minimal impact.

Conclusions:
The results reveal public appetite for policy packages to address unhealthy food environments, contingent on package design and beliefs about the issue’s severity and legitimacy of intervention. Public health advocates should design and promote policy packages aligned with public preferences, especially given anticipated opposition from commercial interests.
Water-seeded rice seedling response to soil–water partitioning of pendimethalin
Authors: Becerra-Alvarez Aaron , Al-Khatib Kassim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Weed management in California water-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) is challenging due to herbicide-resistant weeds. Research on additional herbicide options is necessary to control herbicide-resistant weeds. Pendimethalin is a dinitroaniline herbicide commonly used in dry-seeded rice; however, it is not registered in water-seeded rice. This study was conducted to determine the pendimethalin fate in water-seeded rice after application to 1-, 3-, and 5-leaf stage rice. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was utilized to quantify pendimethalin and degradants in the water, soil, and rice seedling tissue at 1, 5, and 14 d after treatment (DAT). More than 50% of recovered pendimethalin was observed in the rice tissue and more than 25% in the soil, with the least amounts observed in the water at all application timings and sampling dates. Three pendimethalin degradants were observed at low concentrations: p36, [1-(1-ethylpropyl)-5,6-dimethyl-7-nitro-1H-benximidazole]; p44, [4-[(1-ethylpropyl) amino]-2-methyl-3,5-ditrobenzoic acid]; and p48 [4,5-dimethyl-3-nitro-N2-(pentan-3-yl) benzene-1,2-diamine]. Degradant p36 was observed in all samples and most abundant in the soil. Degradants p36 and p44 increased in concentration in the water by 14 DAT. Degradants p44 and p48 were at low concentrations or below the lowest level of quantification in water, soil, and tissue samples. The pendimethalin parent molecule remained intact and was not readily metabolized in rice tissue. The crown region and shoots of the rice seedlings demonstrated greater pendimethalin concentrations compared with the roots at all rice stages; however, pendimethalin concentrations remained similar across the three sample timings. Rice root and shoot reduction was 16% and 13%, respectively, after the 1-leaf stage application averaged over sample timings, and 6% and 4%, respectively, after the 5-leaf stage application. The results suggest the rice stage at the application timing is an important factor for pendimethalin tolerance; therefore, encouraging early root development can be beneficial for pendimethalin tolerance in water-seeded rice.
Seismicity and Present‐Day Crustal Deformation in the Southern Puna Plateau
Authors: Mahanti Sankha Subhra , Kiser Eric , Beck Susan , Hughes Amanda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Southern Puna plateau in the central Andes has a complicated tectonic history that includes episodes of distributed shortening and extension, lithospheric delamination, uplift and Quaternary backarc volcanism. In this study, the upper crustal structure and present‐day deformation in this area is investigated using a new regional earthquake catalog derived with a deep‐learning‐based phase picker. Results show abundant strike‐slip seismicity at shallow depths in the eastern Southern Puna plateau that reveals active fault systems in the area and indicates N‐S extension/E‐W compression that changes orientation and relative magnitude from north to south. A broad zone of seismic quiescence in the western plateau may indicate a zone of upper crustal decoupling from large‐scale deformation. The region separating the western and eastern plateau exhibits a complex stress field that can be related to the boundary of east/west oriented middle‐to‐lower crustal flow in the main volcanic arc. Southeast of the plateau in the Sierras Pampeanas, crustal seismicity deepens and is dominated by conjugate reverse faulting structures associated with the direction of plate convergence. Vp and Vs seismic velocity models of the upper crust obtained through local earthquake tomography with the improved seismic catalog show low‐velocity anomalies near intermontane basins, except in the Antofagasta basin where a high‐velocity anomaly possibly represents shallow intrusive component of Quaternary basaltic volcanism. Below the Cerro Galan caldera, an upper crustal 10‐day long earthquake swarm is observed which may indicate local stress perturbations from fluids at the top of the crustal magmatic system that feeds this volcano.
Waterfalls Alter Reach‐Scale Fluvial Erosion Rates: Evidence From Field Data and Process Modeling
Authors: Rothman Sophie D. , Scheingross Joel S. , McCoy Scott W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWaterfalls are often interpreted as transient, upstream‐propagating features that mark changes in external conditions. Thus, waterfalls are commonly used to infer past tectonic and climatic forcing, making understanding the controls on waterfall erosion central to predicting how external perturbations move through landscapes. Surprisingly, there exist few direct field measurements of waterfall erosion, and existing waterfall retreat measurements are rarely paired with measurements of waterfall morphology and frequency, which, theory suggests, modulate retreat rates. This lack of data limits our ability to test existing theory and explore how waterfalls alter reach‐scale bedrock erosion rates. Here, we use cosmogenic 10Be accumulated in bedrock riverbeds to measure erosion rates in fluvial reaches with varying waterfall frequency and morphology. We find that waterfall‐rich reaches erode one to five times faster than the landscape average, and that reach‐averaged erosion rates increase with increasing waterfall frequency. We develop a new, process‐based model combining waterfall and planar‐channel erosion to explore mechanistic controls on the relative erosion rate between waterfall‐rich and waterfall‐free reaches. This model predicts that reach‐averaged erosion rates increase with waterfall frequency at low sediment supply, consistent with our field measurements, but that waterfalls can also slow reach‐averaged erosion rates for high sediment supply, large grain sizes, low water discharge, or large plunge pools. Our work is consistent with previous suggestions that waterfall erosion rates may decrease in low drainage areas and can influence long‐profile morphology.