bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incarceration and Sexual Risk Behavior and Incident Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV in HIV Prevention Trials Network 061: Differences by Study City and Among Black Sexual Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men, Black Sexual Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women, and Black Transgender Women
Authors: Khan Maria Rabia , Brewer Russell , Abrams Jasmyn , Mazumdar Medha , Scheidell Joy D. , Feelemyer Jonathan , Dyer Typhanye V. , Turpin Rodman E. , Hucks-Ortiz Christopher , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Severe MacRegga , Irvine Natalia M. , Kaufman Jay S. , Cleland Charles M. , Mayer Kenneth H. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Black sexual minority men (BSMM) and Black transgender women face a disproportionate risk of incarceration and sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV, yet research on the longitudinal association between incarceration and STI/HIV risk in these groups is limited.

Methods
We used data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061 study conducted among BSMM and Black transgender women in Atlanta, Boston, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, and Washington, DC, restricting analyses to those who returned for the 6-month follow-up visit when recent incarceration was measured (n = 1169). Using inverse probability of treatment weighting, we measured associations between incarceration and next 6-month multiple partnerships; selling or buying sex; condomless anal intercourse; and incident chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV. We explored differences by study city, and among BSMM who had sex with men only, BSMM who had sex with men and women, and Black transgender women.

Results
Approximately 14% reported past 6-month incarceration. Incarceration was associated with next 6-month selling sex (adjusted risk ratio [ARR], 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–2.87) in the overall sample and multiple partnerships among BSMM who had sex with men and women (ARR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10–1.63) and transgender women (ARR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.22–2.57). There is evidence suggesting that incarceration may predict gonorrhea (ARR, 2.35; 95% CI, 0.95–5.77), with particularly strong associations observed in Los Angeles (ARR, 6.48; 95% CI, 1.48–28.38).

Conclusions
Incarceration may increase STI/HIV risk among BSMM and Black transgender women. Additional mixed-methods research is needed to validate associations and understand pathways.
Transcriptome deregulation of peripheral monocytes in GBA-related Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Riboldi Giulietta Maria , Vialle Ricardo A , Navarro Elisa , Udine Evan , de Paiva Lopes Katia , Allan Amanda , Parks Madison , Henderson Brooklyn , Astudillo Kelly , Argyrou Charalambos , Zhuang Maojuan , Sikder Tamjeed , Narcis Oriol J. , Kumar Shilpa Dilip , Janssen William , Sowa Allison , Comi Giacomo P , Di Fonzo Alessio , Crary John F. , Frucht Steven J , Raj Towfique 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenetic mutations in the beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), GBA gene, represent the major genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The function of the GBA gene is at the crossroads between the endo-lysosomal pathway and the immune response, two important mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PD. However, modifiers of GBA penetrance have not yet been fully elucidated.Methodswe characterized the transcriptomic profiles of circulating monocytes and whole blood in a population of patients with PD and healthy controls (CTRL) with (PD/GBA and CTRL/GBA) and without GBA variants (iPD and CTRL) (monocytes: n = 56 iPD, 66 CTRL, 23 PD/GBA, 13 CTRL/GBA; whole blood: n = 616 iPD, 362 CTRLs, 127 PD/GBA, 165 CTRL/GBA). Differential expression analysis, pathways enrichment analysis, and outliers detections were performed. Ultrastructural characterization of isolated CD14+ monocytes in the four groups was also performed through electron microscopy.ResultsWe observed hundreds of differentially expressed genes and dysregulated pathways when comparing manifesting and non-manifesting GBA mutation carriers. Specifically, when compared to idiopathic PD, GBA-PD showed dysregulation in genes involved in alpha-synuclein degradation, aging and amyloid processing (i.e. SNCA, LMNA). Gene-based outlier analysis confirmed the involvement of lysosomal, membrane trafficking, and mitochondrial processing in manifesting compared to non-manifesting GBA-carriers, as also observed at the ultrastructural levels.ConclusionsOverall, our transcriptomic analysis of primary monocytes identified gene targets and biological processes that can help in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms associated with GBA mutations in the context of PD.
Predicting risk of pancreatic cancer in individuals with new-onset type-2 diabetes in primary care: protocol for the development and validation of a clinical prediction model (QPancreasD)
Authors: Tan Pui San , Clift Ashley Kieran , Liao Weiqi , Patone Martina , Coupland Carol , Bashford-Rogers Rachael , Sivakumar Shivan , Clifton David , Pereira Stephen P , Hippisley-Cox Julia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic cancer continues to have an extremely poor prognosis in part due to late diagnosis. 25% of pancreatic cancer patients have a prior diagnosis of diabetes, and hence identifying individuals at risk of pancreatic cancer in those with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes may be a useful opportunity to identify candidates for screening and early detection. In this study, we will comparatively evaluate regression and machine learning-based clinical prediction models for estimating individual risk of developing pancreatic cancer two years after type 2 diabetes diagnosis.MethodsIn the development dataset, we will include adults aged 30-84 years with incident type-2 diabetes registered with QResearch primary care database. Patients will be followed up from type-2 diabetes diagnosis to first diagnosis of pancreatic cancer as recorded in any one of primary care records, hospital episode statistics, cancer registry data, or death records. Cox-proportional hazards models will be used to develop a risk prediction model for estimating individual risk of developing pancreatic cancer during up to 2 years of follow-up. We will perform variable selection using a combination of clinical and statistical significance approach i.e. HR <0.9 or >1.1 and p<0.01. Linear predictors and baseline survivor function at 2 years will be used to compute absolute risk predictions.Internal-external cross-validation (IECV) framework across geographical regions within England will be used to assess performance and pooled using random effects meta-analysis using: (i) model fit in terms of variation explained by the model Royston & Sauerbrei’s R2D, (ii) calibration slope and calibration-in-the-large, and (iii) discrimination measured in terms of Harrell’s C and Royston & Sauerbrei’s D-statistic.Further, we will evaluate machine learning (ML) approaches for the clinical prediction model using neural networks (NN) and XGBoost. The model predictors and performance of these will be compared with the results of those derived from the regression-based strategy.DiscussionThe proposed study will develop and validate a novel risk prediction model to aid early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in patients with new-onset diabetes in primary care. With an enhanced decision-risk tool for use at point-of care by general practitioners to assess pancreatic cancer risk, it may improve decision-making so that at-risk patients are rapidly prioritised to aid early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes.
COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness rates by week and sources of bias
Authors: Ostropolets Anna , Hripcsak George 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceRandomized clinical trials and observational studies have demonstrated high overall effectiveness for the three US-authorized COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, the challenges associated with the use of observational data can undermine the results of the studies.ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of using observational data for vaccine effectiveness studies by examining granular weekly effectiveness.Design, Settings and ParticipantsIn this retrospective cohort study, we used Columbia University Medical Center data linked to State and City Immunization Registries to assess the weekly effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. We conducted manual chart review of cases in week one in both groups along with a set of sensitivity analyses for Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen vaccines.Main Outcomes and MeasuresWe used propensity score matching with up to 54,987 covariates and fitted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios and constructed Kaplan-Meier plots for two main outcomes (COVID-19 infection and COVID-19-associated hospitalization).ResultsThe study included 179,666 patients. We observed increasing effectiveness after the first dose of mRNA vaccines with week 6 effectiveness approximating 84% (95% CI 72-91%) for COVID-19 infection and 86% (95% CI 69-95) for COVID-19-associated hospitalization. When analyzing unexpectedly high effectiveness in week one, chart review revealed that vaccinated patients are less likely to seek care after vaccination and are more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19 during the encounters for other conditions. Sensitivity analyses showed potential outcome misclassification for COVID-19 ICD10-CM diagnosis and the influence of excluding patients with prior COVID-19 infection and anchoring in the unexposed group. Overall vaccine effectiveness analysis in fully vaccinated patients matched the results of the randomized trials.Conclusions and RelevanceObservational data can be used to ascertain vaccine effectiveness if potential biases are accounted for. The data need to be scrutinized to ensure that compared groups exhibit similar health seeking behavior and are equally likely to be captured in the data. Given the difference in temporal trends of vaccine exposure and baseline characteristics, indirect comparison of vaccines may produce biased results.KEY POINTSQuestionWhen accounted for all potential biases, what is the weekly effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines?FindingsIn this cohort study we replicated the results of randomized clinical trials, discovered plausible increase in effectiveness after week one following the first dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and found differences in temporal trends of vaccine exposure and baseline characteristics in vaccinated groups.MeaningObservational data can be used to reliably estimate vaccine effectiveness if the biases are accounted for. Vaccines need to be directly compared.
CMV seropositivity is a potential novel risk factor for severe COVID-19 in non-geriatric patients
Authors: Weber Simone , Kehl Victoria , Erber Johanna , Wagner Karolin I. , Jetzlsperger Ana-Marija , Burrell Theresa , Schober Kilian , Schommers Philipp , Augustin Max , Crowell Claudia S. , Gerhard Markus , Winter Christof , Spinner Christoph D. , Protzer Ulrike , Hoffmann Dieter , D’Ippolito Elvira , Busch Dirk H 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundCOVID-19 has so far affected more than 250 million individuals worldwide, causing more than 5 million deaths. Several risk factors for severe disease have been identified, most of which coincide with advanced age. In younger individuals, severe COVID-19 often occurs in the absence of obvious comorbidities. Guided by the finding of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells with some cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) patient, we decided to investigate whether CMV seropositivity is associated with severe or critical COVID-19.MethodsNational German COVID-19 bio-sample and data banks were used to retrospectively analyze the CMV serostatus of patients who experienced mild (n=101), moderate (n=130) or severe to critical (n=80) disease by CMV IgG serology. We then investigated the relationship between disease severity and CMV serostatus via statistical models.ResultsNon-geriatric patients (< 70 years) with severe COVID-19 were found to have a very high prevalence of CMV-seropositivity, while CMV status distribution in individuals with mild disease was similar to the prevalence in the German population; interestingly, this was not detectable in older patients. Prediction models support the hypothesis that the CMV serostatus might be a strong biomarker in identifying younger individuals with a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19.ConclusionsWe identified ‘CMV-seropositivity’ as a potential novel risk factor for severe COVID-19 in non-geriatric individuals in the studied cohorts. More mechanistic analyses as well as confirmation of similar findings in cohorts representing the currently most relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants should be performed shortly.
Research themes of family and community physicians in Brazil
Authors: Fontenelle Leonardo Ferreira , Rossi Stephani Vogt , de Oliveira Miguel Henrique Moraes , Brandão Diego José , Sarti Thiago Dias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFamily and community medicine is a specialty dedicated to primary care, the cornerstone of effective health systems. Research capacity in primary care varies worldwide, and bibliographic databases such as MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science do not index most primary care research coming from Latin America. Our objective was to investigate the research themes of family and community physicians in Brazil, and to correlate the articles’ research themes with their authors’ trajectories in postgraduate education. For that, we compiled a national list of family and community physicians, retrieved their curricula from the Lattes Platform, compiled a list of journal articles, and obtained their keywords from LILACS and MEDLINE. Treating journal articles and their keywords as the two node types in a bipartite network, we derived research themes using the dual-projection algorithm, combining the Leiden algorithm with hierarchical clustering. We found two research themes to be the largest, most developed, and most central ones: human health and primary care. Authors with a master’s or PhD in collective health (public health, epidemiology, and social sciences and humanities in health) were as likely as those with no postgraduate degree to publish articles on primary care. On the other hand, authors with a postgraduate degree in medicine were more likely to publish articles on human health. After discussing the findings in light of previous research and methodological aspects, we conclude there’s a relative divide between primary care and clinical research, and the highlight policy implications.
Neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant after 3rdmRNA vaccination in health care workers and elderly subjects and response to a single dose in previously infected adults
Authors: Haveri Anu , Solastie Anna , Ekström Nina , Österlund Pamela , Nohynek Hanna , Nieminen Tuomo , Palmu Arto A. , Melin Merit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) with major spike protein mutations has raised concern over potential neutralization escape and breakthrough infections among vaccinated and previously SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects. We measured cross-protective antibodies against variants in health care workers (HCW, n=20) and nursing home residents (n=9) from samples collected 1-2 months following the booster (3rd) dose. We also assessed the antibody responses in prior to Omicron era infected subjects (n=38) with subsequent administration of a single mRNA vaccine dose. Following booster vaccination HCWs had high IgG antibody concentrations to the spike protein and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were detectable against all variants. IgG concentrations among the elderly remained lower, and some lacked NAbs against the Beta and Omicron variants. NAb titers were significantly reduced against Delta, Beta and Omicron compared to wild-type virus regardless of age. Vaccination induced high IgG concentrations and variable titers of cross-reactive NAbs in previously infected subjects, whereas NAb titers against Omicron were barely detectable 1-month post-infection. High IgG concentrations with cross-protective neutralizing activity were detected after three COVID-19 vaccine doses in HCWs. However, lower NAb titers seen in the frail elderly suggest inadequate protection against Omicron breakthrough infections, yet protection against severe COVID-19 is expected.Clinical trial registrationEudraCT 2021-004788-29
Decreased diastolic hydraulic forces incrementally associate with survival beyond conventional measures of diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Soundappan Dhnanjay , Fung Angus SY , Loewenstein Daniel E , Playford David , Strange Geoffrey , Kozor Rebecca , Otton James , Ugander Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDecreased hydraulic forces during diastole contribute to reduced left ventricular (LV) filling and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. However, their association with diastolic function and patient outcomes are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the association between diastolic hydraulic forces, estimated by echocardiography as the atrioventricular area difference (AVAD), and both diastolic function and survival. Patients (n=5,176, median [interquartile range] 5.0 [5.0–5.0] years follow-up, 1,213 events) were selected from the National Echo Database Australia based on the presence of relevant transthoracic echocardiographic measures, LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50%, heart rate 50-100 beats/minute, the absence of moderate or severe valvular disease, and no prior cardiac surgery. AVAD was calculated as the cross-sectional area difference between the LV and left atrium. LV diastolic dysfunction was graded according to 2016 guidelines. AVAD was weakly associated with E/e’, left atrial volume index, and LVEF (multivariable global R2=0.15, p<0.001), and not associated with e’ and peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity. Decreased AVAD was independently associated with poorer survival, and demonstrated improved model discrimination after adjustment for diastolic function grading (C-statistic [95% confidence interval] 0.644 [0.629–0.660] vs 0.606 [0.592–0.621], p<0.001) and E/e’ (0.649 [0.635–0.664] vs 0.634 [0.618–0.649], p<0.001), respectively. Therefore, decreased hydraulic forces, estimated by AVAD, are weakly associated with diastolic dysfunction and demonstrate an incremental prognostic association with survival beyond conventional measures used to grade diastolic dysfunction.
Technology And Its Role In Supporting Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence: A Literature Review
Authors: Kale Era Dorihi , Rumambo Pandin Moses Glorino 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCompliance with TB treatment has now become a problem that must be handled seriously because the high non-adherence rate will give a bad contribution to the success of TB treatment, including MDR-TB and also morbidity and mortality. Many innovations have been made to improve TB treatment adherence, one of which is using mobile-based technology. This article aims to explore the effectiveness of the technology used to improve treatment adherence in TB patients: types, ways of working, advantages, and limitations of each application. This is a systematic review through searching 3 databases, namely Scopus, WoS, and Science Direct. Some of the advantages in applying technology to improve TB treatment adherence are easy to use if you understand how to operate tools/applications are cost-effective because they reduce transportation costs in reaching remote areas or in conditions of transportation difficulties such as after a disaster, the use of this technology provides patient satisfaction in treatment and facilitates the involvement of the family/support system in the treatment of patients. Several things must be considered (limitations) of the technology to be used, including experts, patient knowledge and skills, economic condition, electricity availability, and whether the technology used will not increase the burden on patients related to the stigma of TB disease. We can conclude that the use of technology is indeed very good in supporting the improvement of TB treatment adherence, but the selection of this application must pay attention to the characteristics of the population as well as the advantages and limitations of each application.
Physiological and Psychological Effects of Parental Traditional Thai Massage on Children with Autism: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ruan Hui , Eungpinichpong Wichai , Wu Hua , Aonsri Chanada 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough many autistic children receive massage as a complementary therapy, it is not included in evidence-based practices for autism since evidence of its efficacy is lacking. Further, prior studies have failed to identify objective indicators of core symptoms or elucidate their mechanisms. We developed a parent-delivered traditional Thai massage (TTM) on children intervention with autism, aim is to access the physiological (gait and heart rate variability) and psychological effects of intervention.Methods and analysisA two-armed, parallel randomized controlled trial study will recruit forty-eight children with autism from the XX Special Education School at the beginning of Febuary2022. They will be randomly assigned to either a parental TTM or control group with a ratio of 1:1. Individuals in the parental TTM group will receive 16 parent-delivered TTM sessions over 8 weeks. The outcome will be assessed on admission, after 8 weeks, and as well as at 2-month follow-up, including the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist score, heart rate variability, gait, and parenting stress index.Ethics and disseminationEthical approved by the Khon Kaen University Ethics Committee for Human Research (XXXX). Result will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and give presentations in domestic and international academic conferences to further promote communication.Trial registration numberXXXXXXStrengths and limitations of this studyThis will be the first RCT to explore parental TTM in terms of its physiological and psychological effects on children with autism.Compared with previous studies, we access the objective index to discuss the possible mechanisms of observed effects.Our study may highlight the value of complementary and alternative therapies for adjunctive treatment of autism to enhance family-based interventionsBoth parents and blind teachers will evaluate for effects to decreases the subjectivity of bias. And the variability massage manipulation by parents is minimized by training with experts, examinations, and supervision.