bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa with distant metastasis to brain
Authors: Anand Jyoti , Pal Chandan K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is known for increased recurrence rate and locoregional spread. Distant metastasis is less seen, while brain metastasis is a rare finding with <1% of HNSCC cases. The perineural route is the commonest mode of spread with symptoms of paresis, pain, vertigo, or neurological signs of cranial nerve involvement. Surgery with or without radiation therapy (RT) to the whole brain remains the mode of treatment in such cases. Here, we discuss a rare case of HNSCC, which metastasized to the brain within a few months of the completion of treatment of the primary tumor site. A combined treatment approach, which includes surgery, RT, and chemotherapy, is the mainstay of treatment to control locoregional spread.
Systemic inflammatory disorders of the lymphoreticular system mimicking lymphoma: A focused group study
Authors: Chauhan Kriti , Kathuria Komal , Hatwal Varun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:
Inflammation is the process of protecting the body against pathogens mediated by cytokines. Their unprecedented production involves multiple organs with systemic manifestations and causes changes in the morphology of lymphoid tissues, which are nonspecific and are diagnosed as non-lymphomatous reactive lymphadenopathies. We aim to study the different types of histological changes in the lymph nodes and bone marrow (BM) brought about by certain systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and how to corroborate the biochemical, serological, and clinical details to clinch the diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
The histological features of a total of 44 lymph node excision biopsies and BM biopsies, suspicious of lymphoma, were studied in conjunction with the biochemical, serological, and radiological findings.

Results:
After excluding lymphomas, tuberculosis, and mycosis, there were 10 cases that showed nonspecific reactive changes in lymph nodes and BM having either an autoimmune disorder or a nonspecific inflammatory disorder due to unknown etiology. After a detailed histological study, these 10 cases were divided into three groups: idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease-not otherwise specified (iMCD-NOS), idiopathic multicentric castleman’s disease without proven-thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, organomegaly (TAFRO), and autoimmune-associated systemic disorder (T-zone dysplasia with hyperplastic follicles and autoimmune myelofibrosis (AIMF)).

Conclusion:
Any patient with a multisystemic disorder and non-lymphomatous generalized lymphadenopathy showing reactive nonspecific or Castleman-like changes should be thoroughly investigated for a nonneoplastic etiology such as autoimmune disease or infection to help with timely intervention.
Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor-β in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland – A descriptive study
Authors: Mujtaba Hasan , Ahmad Shahzad , Khan Zafar Ali , Issrani Rakhi , Munisekhar Manay Srinivas , Iqbal Shazia , Javed Danish , Alqarni Mohammed Saad , Batool Iffat , Alotha Salah Nazal , Alsiyat Basant Mousa , Khan Tahir Ullah 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Estrogen, essential for normal growth and differentiation, is expressed in various organs. Though its role in salivary glands and its cancers is not fully understood, numerous studies have investigated estrogen receptor (ER) α expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma. This study specifically evaluates the expression of ERβ.

Objective:
To determine the immunohistochemical expression of ERβ in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland. Additionally, associations among gender, tumor site, histological type of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the salivary glands, and the expression of ERβ are explored.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive study was conducted on 30 samples diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland. Histological features of all the selected cases were reviewed from freshly prepared hematoxylin and eosin sections and immunohistochemical staining for ERβ were performed.

Results:
Immunohistochemical staining of the studied samples revealed that 26 (86.7%) cases showed positivity for expression of ERβ and 4 (13.3%) samples were negative. Regarding Allred scoring, 8 (26.7%) cases scored 6, 10 (33.3%) cases scored 5, 6 (20.0%) cases scored 4 and 2 (6.7%) cases scored 3. However, there was no statistically significant (P > 0.05) association between the gender, site of tumor, the histological type of ACC-SG, and the expression of ERβ.

Conclusion:
There is a possibility that tumors, which express ERβ may be subjected to hormone therapy by selective ER modulators, which are tissue or cell-specific.
Bilateral ovarian mature cystic teratoma with unilateral malignant transformation to adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Aziz Adil , Ahuja Sana , Ahluwalia Charanjeet 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is the most common germ cell tumor of the ovary, comprising 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. Malignant transformation (MT) is an uncommon complication and occurs in approximately 1–3% of all MCTs. The most common histological type of MT is squamous cell carcinoma. Other rare transformations include – carcinoid tumors, melanoma, adenocarcinoma, and sarcoma. We present one such rare case of bilateral MCT with unilateral MT into mucinous adenocarcinoma of intestinal type.
Postinfectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Survey
Authors: Potti Priyanka , Madhusudan Manoj , Chandra Tejaswi , Srikanta J. T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of the study was to outline what is commonly understood, perceived, and followed at individual institutions across the country on the subject of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO).

Methodology:
A 64-item web-based questionnaire with three sections addressing key domains in PIBO was employed. The questionnaire assessed knowledge points, attitudes, and practice essentials which were consolidated and analyzed.

Results:
The questionnaire was completed by 40 pediatricians/subspecialists across 15 cities in India, and 88% of them were pediatric pulmonologists. Adenovirus was the most commonly known virus to cause PIBO. Age at initial lower respiratory infection, need for prolonged oxygen support, requirement of mechanical ventilation, need for systemic steroids, and longer duration of hospital stay were perceived to be risk factors for PIBO by >75% of respondents. The prognosis was thought to be favorable by 75% of respondents. Corticosteroids, either as daily oral (50%) or monthly intravenous (70%), were the most preferred treatment option. Inhaled corticosteroids and azithromycin were employed as add-on therapies by >80% of consultants. While 61.5% were aware of combination therapies such as fluticasone, azithromycin, and montelukast (FAM)/budesonide, azithromycin, and montelukast (BAM) therapies, only 48.7% used them. Up to 10% of children were observed to need second-line treatment by our respondents, but the choice of drug and time of institution exhibited discrepancies.

Conclusions:
There is a sizeable ambiguity in practices concerning PIBO. This uncertainty calls for a review and consensus among Indian practitioners.
Chronic Stridor: An Unusual Presentation of an Airway Foreign Body
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Bafna Sanjay , Lalwani Sanjay , Agarwal Khushboo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Airway foreign bodies usually present with recurrent/persistent cough and/or wheezing or acute stridor. Chronic stridor is an unusual presentation of a foreign body. We report a case of a 17-month-old male child who was referred to us for evaluation of recurrent stridor and hoarseness of voice for the past 8 months. Previously, he had multiple emergency department visits for stridor, treated as croup. He had transient improvement in symptoms with nebulized steroids but continued to experience frequent worsening of symptoms despite treatment with daily inhaled steroids. Two chest radiographs were reported to be normal. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed a foreign body in the supra-glottic region adherent to the surrounding tissues, which was successfully removed by the ear, nose, and throat surgeon.
An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial of Tolperisone and Baclofen in the Management of Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Kamate Mahesh , S. M. Deepti , Metgud Deepa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Medical treatment options for managing spasticity in children with cerebral palsy are limited and are associated with intolerable side effects. There is a need for newer medications to manage spasticity.

Aim:
To study the clinical efficacy and safety of tolperisone in comparison to baclofen in reducing spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.

Materials and Methods:
An open-labeled randomized controlled trial, where 65 children with spastic cerebral palsy were enrolled over a period of 1 year and randomized to receive either baclofen or tolperisone for 3 months.

Results:
Demographic details, birth factors, and physiological and functional type of cerebral palsy were comparable in both the groups. Modified Ashworth scale scores of quadriceps in baclofen group (preintervention = 2.41 ± 0.50 and postintervention = 2.25 ± 0.44) were comparable with scores in tolperisone (preintervention = 2.46 ± 0.5 and postintervention = 2.08 ± 0.27) (P < 0.05). Similar observations were seen in other muscles also. The total quality of upper extremity skill test scores in baclofen (preintervention = 51.27 ± 21.07 and postintervention = 52.71 ± 21.46) were comparable with scores in tolperisone group (preintervention = 46.8 ± 18.40 and postintervention = 9.60 ± 17.61) (P < 0.05). Gross motor function measures-66 scores in baclofen group (preintervention = 49 ± 22.43 and postintervention = 50.48 ± 22.13) were also comparable with scores in tolperisone (preintervention = 42.06 ± 20.84 and postintervention = 47.45 ± 20.07) (P < 0.05). Although 26 (86.7%) patients with baclofen had tolerable side effects, 18 (60%) in tolperisone group had tolerable side effects. The cost of tolperisone treatment was half of that of baclofen.

Conclusions:
The efficacy of tolperisone in treating spasticity was comparable with that of baclofen; it was better tolerated and cheaper as compared to baclofen.
Presence and characterisation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria obtained from water in selected storage tanks
Authors: Olajide Oluwafunmilayo Elizabeth , Nwadike Blessing Ifeoma , Omotosho Oluwatobi , Oluwole Ayobami Priscillia 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
To detect the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in water from selected storage tanks in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Methods:
MacConkey agar supplemented with 6 µg/mL of cefotaxime was used to isolate bacteria. Pure isolates were identified through PCR amplification. The susceptibility patterns of the isolates to ceftazidime (30 µg/mL), amoxicillin/clavulanate (30 µg/mL), tetracycline (30 µg/mL), cefotaxime (30 µg/mL), cefpodoxime (10 µg/mL), and ciprofloxacin (5 µg/mL) were evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, while the identification of beta-lactamase production was performed using the double disc synergy test.

Results:
A total of 19 isolates belonging to four genera (Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, and Serratia) were obtained from the ten water samples. Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. had the highest presence (30.0%). The antibiotic with highest resistance was observed to be cefpodoxime (100%) followed by amoxicillin/clavulanate (89.5%) and cefotaxime (89.5%), the least was noted with tetracycline (31.6%). Additionally, 10 (52.6%) out of the 19 isolates showed beta-lactamase-producing phenotypic properties with high resistance to cefpodoxime (100%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%) and ceftazidime (90.0%). Additionally, this study showed the link between bacterial strains identified by 16S rRNA and related human diseases, highlighting the importance of genetic identification in managing infections.

Conclusions:
This study highlights the prevalence of beta-lactam-resistant bacteria, emphasizing the urgent need for proactive measures to address this issue.
Early Infantile Form of Krabbe Disease with a GALC Gene Mutation: A Case Report in Bangladesh
Authors: Nasrin Shamima , Alam Syeda Tabassum , Fatema Kanij , Islam Kazi Ashraful 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Krabbe disease or globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a rare, genetic disorder affecting the white matter of the brain. It belongs to a group of lysosomal storage disorders known as sphingolipidosis. We report a case of an 11-month-old female child who presented with symptoms of motor and cognitive regression along with dystonia since the 5th month of age and frequent seizure since the 9th month of age. Diagnosis of this disease made with clinical suspicion followed by laboratory diagnosis includes brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance (MRS) spectroscopy, metabolic screening, and genetic analysis for detecting mutations in genes coding for galactosyl cerebroside (GALC). We report a case of early infantile Krabbe disease.
Deep Vein Thrombosis in an Adolescent Boy with Lupus Nephritis Triggered by Dengue Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Mitu Marufa Ferdousi , Mollah Momen , Al Mamun Abdullah , Akter Amina , Oneek MD. Ishteak Ahmed , Hossain Delwar , Huque Syed Saimul , Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Begum Afroza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Viral infection is considered an important trigger factor for developing or flare-up of lupus manifestations. Dengue is a viral infectious disease, which may trigger the antiphospholipid antibody-mediated progression to thrombosis in lupus patients by dysfunctional immune response. Here, we report a case of a 10-year-old boy with lupus nephritis who developed dengue, followed by deep vein thrombosis, and found an abnormal ratio of lupus anticoagulant (LA) screening assay with low phospholipid content (LA1) and LA confirmation assay with high phospholipid content (LA2); LA1/LA2 ratio of 1.3, indicating the presence of LA and diagnosed as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). He was promptly treated with an infusion of unfractionated heparin, followed by warfarin, and was also given aspirin as prophylaxis for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and the patient responded well to the treatment. The co-occurrence of dengue and lupus can lead to the triggering of autoimmunity and may cause secondary APS, and thromboembolic events. Therefore, early diagnosis, screening for thromboembolism, and prompt management are essential to improve the patient’s prognosis.
Comparative Efficacy of Nebulized Salbutamol with Single-Dose Parenteral Dexamethasone Versus Nebulized Salbutamol Alone in Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Sharmim Mst. Shanjida , Mollah Abid Hossain , Rahman Ekhlasur , Afroz Shireen , Alam Mohammad Rashidul , Khasru AKM Amirul Morshed , Alam Maliha , Nine S. M. A. Zulker 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. This study compared the efficacy of single-dose parenteral dexamethasone with nebulized salbutamol versus nebulized salbutamol alone in infants with acute bronchiolitis.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized control trial included 90 infants with bronchiolitis, aged 1–12 months, with a preceding or existing runny nose, cough, breathing difficulty, chest indrawing, and wheezing. The cases were randomized into group A, n = 30 (received a single-dose dexamethasone injection with nebulized salbutamol), group B, n = 30 (received nebulized salbutamol), and group C, n = 30 (received supportive treatment). The first two groups received nebulized salbutamol 8 hourly per day until the disease severity came to a mild level. Respiratory distress assessment instrument (RDAI) score and oxygen saturation were observed to assess the response to therapy.

Results:
All study cases presented with cough, wheezing, and respiratory distress (100%). Feeding difficulty and running nose were present in 82.2% and 80% of cases, respectively. The majority of the cases came from urban areas with smoker families. In nebulized salbutamol with a single-dose intramuscular dexamethasone injection group, respiratory rate (RR), RDAI score, and partial saturation of oxygen (SpO2) at admission were 59.73 (±6.71), 9.97 (±1.80), 87.96% (±1.27) and after 72 h 28.90(±5.23), 1.56(±.56), 99.93%(±25) respectively. In the salbutamol nebulization group, respiratory rate (RR), RDAI score, and O2 saturation at admission were 60(±6.62), 9.47 (±1.81), 88.33%(±1.70) and after 72 h 31.80 (±6.08), 3.76 (±.85), 99%(± 1.06) respectively. In the supportive treatment group, RR, RDAI score, and SpO2 at admission were 58.33 ± 5.78, 10.07 ± 1.78, and 88.33 ± 1.65 and after 72 h, 37 ± 8.30, 4.80 ± 1.03, and 98.86 ± 1.07, respectively. After 72 h, all the groups improved but were more significant in nebulized salbutamol with a single-dose intramuscular dexamethasone injection.

Conclusion:
Single-dose dexamethasone injection with nebulized salbutamol is superior to nebulized salbutamol and supportive treatment in treating infants with bronchiolitis.
Determination of elements present in select medicinal plants used by tribal people for therapeutic purposes
Authors: Babu D. Ch. Raju , Surendra K. , Rao A. D. P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Twelve medicinal plants have been collected from the Paderu agency area (at high altitude) of Visakhapatnam District, AP state of India, which are used for traditional treatment by local tribal people. Concentrations of macro and micro or trace elements of these medicinal plants have been determined by using spectra obtained due to energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer coupled with Si (Li) detector. Six macro (K > Ca > P > Cl > Si > S), ten micro and or trace elements (Fe > Mn > Zn > V > Cu > Ni > I > Cr > Mo > Se) are obtained; these elements used to analyze with physiological and metabolic importance of human beings. Further obtained results are interpreted with curative properties of different diseases. Thus, the role of observed elements for therapeutic usage relating to the undertaken medicinal plants those using in the Paderu agency area have been corroborated. Statistical analysis also carried out by using linear correlation analysis.
Building resilience: India’s network of radiation emergency response centers
Authors: Chandra Anirudh , Saindane Shashank , Yadav R. K. B. , Chaudhury Probal , Aswal Dinesh Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
India’s expanding nuclear energy program and the increased use of radiation technologies are essential for fulfilling its energy needs and delivering societal benefits. However, this growth also heightens the risk of radiation hazards, necessitating a robust radiation emergency response system. Currently, the Department of Atomic Energy operates 25 Radiation Emergency Response Centers (RERCs) across the country, which provide technical support to responder agencies during nuclear and radiological emergencies at both nuclear facilities and in public spaces. This paper outlines the role and operational elements of RERCs within the emergency preparedness and response framework, drawing on a review of various national response and regulatory documents, as well as discussions with national radiation emergency response experts. This work not only highlights the domestic capabilities of India’s RERC network but also serves as a valuable resource for policymakers and technocrats striving to strengthen and enhance the country’s radiation emergency response infrastructure.
Comparative evaluation between two hybrid local anesthetics in lower third molar extraction: A retrospective study
Authors: Kumar Sourav , Dipti Nayak , Shashank Kumar , Musaab Khan , Shalini Kumari , Pranshu Chauhan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Transalveolar extraction of the teeth may cause major serious complications, such as pain, swelling, and mouth opening. This study was conducted to find the most appropriate mixture of local anesthetics and glucocorticoids.

Aims:
This study was designed to compare pain, swelling, and mouth opening in 4% articaine with dexamethasone and 2% lignocaine and dexamethasone.

Subjects and Methods:
This retrospective study contains two groups with 30 patients in each group. Both the groups underwent transalveolar extraction, and 4% articaine + dexamethasone was administered in Group A, and 2% lignocaine + dexamethasone was given in Group B. Patients were assessed for pain, mouth opening, and swelling.

Results:
There was a better anesthetic effect with 4% articaine + dexamethasone (Group A) than with 2% lignocaine + dexamethasone (Group B); a significant finding was found in pain parameters but there was no significance in swelling and mouth opening.

Conclusions:
We found that 4% articaine + dexamethasone is superior for pain control intraoperatively, but no difference was found in mouth opening and swelling.
PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI CHATBOT MENGGUNAKAN PLATFORM DIALOGFLOW SEBAGAI MEDIA LATIHAN PERCAKAPAN BERBAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Riana Eri 
Published: December 2024

Dalam menghadapi persaingan di dunia yang semakin hari semakin ketat, terlebih pada era globalisasi seperti saat ini penguasaan bahasa inggris menjadi salah satu kunci untuk bisa sukses, tetapi beberapa orang merasakan terlalu sulit dalam belajar. Diantara empat kemampuan berbahasa inggris mulai dari kemampuan writing, reading, listening dan conversation. Momok terbesar yang dialami oleh kebanyakan orang di Indonesia adalah kemampuan berbicara. Kemajuan dari teknologi informasi membawa dampak positif dari cara orang dalam belajar berbahasa contohnya teknologi speech recognition yang dipergunakan didalam pengembangan alat pembelajaran. Namun terkadang alat pembelajaran yang ada mempunyai kekurangan. Penelitian jurnal ini bertitik beratkan pada pengembangan teknologi chatbot untuk latihan percakapan berbahasa Inggris dengan platform Dialogflow sebagai mesin Artificial Intelligence. Evaluasi dan pengujian teknologi chatbot ini dilakukan oleh penulis untuk mengetahui indikator serta tingkat accuracy responses. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua agen mencapai semua indikator dan sebagian besar mempunyai tingkat accuracy responses 94,1-100%. Dengan pemanfaatan teknologi chatbot dan platform dialogflow ini, selain diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan orang dalam berbahasa inggris juga dapat meningkatkan efisiensi waktu pembelajaran.Kata Kunci: Dialogflow, Chatbot, Media latihan, Percakapan, Bahasa Inggris
DETERMINANT OF THE INTENTION TO USE CHATGPT AMONG STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Ridwan M , Hasibuan Hani Maulida , Yasir Amru 
Published: December 2024

This study explored the effect of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and, lifestyle compatibility, to use ChatGPT among Students of Science and Technology Faculty of UINSU Medan using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). This quantitative study adopted a cross-sectional research design to gather data from 130 respondents using a Google Form. The collected data were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). As a result, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and lifestyle compatibility, displayed a significant positive effect on intentions to use ChatGPT. The study outcomes serve to inform managers of faculty and university to devise effective strategies that capture students’ intention to use and experience of using ChatGPT in the learning process..