bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convectively Coupled Equatorial Trapped Waves in Stars and Planets
Authors: Cai Tao , Yu Cong , Wei Xing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we have studied convectively coupled equatorially trapped waves in rotating stars, with and without magnetic fields. The equatorial trapped hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic Poincaré, Rossby, mixed Rossby–Poincaré, and Kelvin waves were identified. The effects of stratification and nontraditional Coriolis force terms have been investigated. When the flow is strongly stratified, the wave frequencies of the convectively coupled model are almost the same as those of a shallow-water model. However, when the flow is weakly stratified, the wave frequencies are constrained by the buoyancy frequency. The nontraditional Coriolis terms affect the widths and phases of the equatorial waves. The width increases with an increasing nontraditional Coriolis parameter. Phase shift occurs when the nontraditional Coriolis parameter is included. The magnetic effect is significant when the magnetic field is strong. We have applied the model in the solar atmosphere and solar tachocline to explain the Rieger-type periodicities. For the solar atmosphere, when the magnetic effect is taken into account, we find that the magnetic field should be smaller than 5 G in the solar photosphere. Otherwise, the Rieger-type periodicities can only be attributed to long Rossby waves. For the solar tachocline, we find that magnetic field of the solar tachocline should be smaller than 50 kG to observe the 160 day Rieger period. In addition, we find that the effect of the nontraditional Coriolis terms is not obvious in the solar photosphere, but its effect on the tachocline is significant.
A Novel Test of Quasar Orientation
Authors: Richards Gordon T. , Plotkin Richard M. , Hewett Paul C. , Rankine Amy L. , Rivera Angelica B. , Shen Yue , Shemmer Ohad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The orientation of the disk of material accreting onto supermassive black holes that power quasars is one of most important quantities that are needed to understand quasars—both individually and in the ensemble average. We present a hypothesis for determining comparatively edge-on orientation in a subset of quasars (both radio loud and radio quiet). If confirmed, this orientation indicator could be applicable to individual quasars without reference to radio or X-ray data and could identify some 10%–20% of quasars as being more edge-on than average, based only on moderate resolution and signal-to-noise spectroscopy covering the C iv
λ 1549 Å emission feature. We present a test of said hypothesis using X-ray observations and identify additional data that are needed to confirm this hypothesis and calibrate the metric.
Exploring the Capability of Indonesia Natural Medicine Secondary Metabolite as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins to Prevent Virulence of COVID-19: In silico and Bioinformatic Approach
Authors: Cahyono Bambang , Amalina Nur Dina , Suzery Meiny , Nur Wahyu Bima Damar 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 was causing COVID-19 disease resulting in many deaths and being a significant concern in the world today. There is an emergent need to search for possible medications for COVID-19 treatment. The key point to halt SARS-CoV-2 infection through inhibition of the virus-receptor interaction and stimulates the immune system. Utilization of the bioinformatic and in silico molecular docking a number of available medications might be proven to be effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 main drug targets including the SARS-CoV2 spike glycoprotein, the 3CL protease SARS-CoV-2 active target, PD-ACE2, 2019-nCoV PLpro, and NF-kβ.

AIM: This present study was conducted to identify the potential target and molecular mechanism of the major compound on Alpinia galanga extract and Citrus sinensis (L.) extract in circumventing COVID-19 using a bioinformatics approach and in silico molecular docking.

RESULTS: Direct protein target of all secondary metabolite and the gene list from PubMed “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” generated 2 genes (CCL2 and VEGFA) as potential therapeutics target genes (PTTG). The molecular docking was conducted by the Protein-Ligand Ant System (PLANTS) software. The results show that hesperidin, naringenin, and galangin have lower docking score for all five-protein target receptor compared with chloroquine and remdesivir. The lower docking score suggests a high affinity to bind the protein. Moreover, these compounds have a strong affinity in their inhibitory capacity for viral infection.

CONCLUSION: In general, this study’s findings show that the compound of Alpinia galanga extract dan Citrus sinensis (L.) extract exhibit the best potential as an inhibitor to the development of the SARS-CoV-2 and inhibited cytokine storm through inactivation NF-kβ _pathway.
La diversité culturelle et la précaution
Authors: Richieri Hanania Lilian 
Published: June 2021

La présente contribution analyse dans quelle mesure une approche de précaution permettant de mettre en balance des intérêts de libéralisation commerciale et des préoccupations de diversité culturelle peut être caractérisée en droit international, sous quelles formes et par quels mécanismes. Elle examine l’application d’une telle approche en matière de commerce international en mettant en lumière le besoin de prudence dans l’articulation entre « commerce et culture », ainsi que la manière dont le droit international de la culture peut légitimer et renforcer une telle approche.
Annoncer la mort des aînés
Authors: Nicolet Marthe , Oris Michel 
Published: June 2021

Cet article explore les représentations de la mort des personnes âgées à partir des avis de décès de 3 160 personnes de 65 ans et plus publiés dans deux quotidiens de Suisse romande, l’un ancré dans un milieu urbain et plutôt calviniste (Genève) et l’autre dans un contexte plus rural et plutôt catholique (Valais). Les avis ne se contentent plus d’annoncer le décès, mais se sont enrichis depuis 1950. En parlant de la mort et du défunt, ils nous révèlent les normes sociales véhiculées par les familles sur le décès de leur proche âgé. À travers l’emploi de la statistique textuelle, en particulier la classification hiérarchique descendante (logiciel Iramuteq), nos analyses révèlent des représentations du mourir vieux qui diffèrent, de manière plus ou moins sensible, en fonction de l’âge, du sexe, de la religion et du lieu de décès. C’est une vision plurielle qui ressort, allant au-delà d’une simple opposition entre la bonne et la mauvaise mort. Le critère d’âge se révèle important, rappelant la distinction que l’on retrouve dans la vieillesse entre 3 e et 4 e âge. Car ressort la perception d’un âge injuste et d’un âge normal pour mourir. Les avis documentent la mise en place d’un vocabulaire associant la mort dans le 3 e âge au combat contre la maladie, justifiant un départ trop précoce. À l’inverse, lorsque le défunt s’en va à 85 ans ou au-delà, le vocabulaire emprunte des figures et métaphores au champ lexical du sommeil : s’endormir, s’endormir paisiblement.
Les configurations d’aide répondent-elles aux besoins de soutien des aidants principaux ?
Authors: Nogues Sarah , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle 
Published: June 2021

Étant donné l’importance du soutien social à réduire la charge ressentie par les proches aidants de conjoints et d’aînés, notre recherche questionne la mesure dans laquelle les besoins en soutien social des aidants principaux sont comblés au sein des configurations d’aide autour d’une personne aidée, et si les aidants perçoivent du soutien en dehors de celles-ci. Nous avons effectué une recherche de terrain qualitative et avons mené 19 entrevues semi-dirigées auprès d’individus se percevant comme aidants principaux au Québec. Nos résultats révèlent un spectre allant d’expériences de soins « merveilleuses », caractérisées par une répartition des tâches en fonction des préférences de chacun des membres et par des relations stables d’entraide au sein de la configuration d’aide, à des expériences « cauchemardesques », caractérisées par une absence de soutien social et des conflits. Entre ces deux extrêmes, la plupart des aidants perçoivent un soutien irrégulier et insuffisant. Nos résultats indiquent que, malgré l’importance du soutien informel de l’entourage à réduire la détresse des aidants, dans la majorité des cas, les besoins de soutien instrumentaux, émotionnels et cognitifs des aidants principaux ne sont pas comblés au sein des configurations d’aide. Le milieu de travail et le milieu communautaire constituent deux importantes sources de soutien social pour les aidants principaux à ne pas négliger.
Tailleurs de Brésil : une ethnohistoire de la coloration transatlantique au XVI e siècle
Authors: Dubois Arnaud 
Published: June 2021

À partir d’une analyse des sources iconographiques et textuelles documentant l’organisation du travail de la couleur qui se met en place au xvi e siècle entre les populations Tupinambas et les marins Normands, cet article étudie les conditions de production du colorant de bois-Brésil à la Renaissance et les rapports de production qui les déterminent au sein des sociétés tupi et française.
Lumbar canal stenosis in “young” - How does it differ from that in “old” - An analysis of 116 surgically treated cases
Authors: Goel Atul , Bhambere Sagar , Shah Abhidha , Dandpat Saswat , Vutha Ravikiran , Rai Survendra Kumar Rajdeo 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Patients treated for lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the differences in clinical management in those below (Group A) and those above (Group B) the age of 50 years. All patients were treated with the premise that instability is the nodal point of the pathogenesis of LCS and “only-stabilization” is the surgical treatment.

Materials and Methods:
During the period June 2014 to June 2020, 116 cases were diagnosed to have LCS and surgically treated by the Goel modification of Camille's transarticular screw fixation technique.

Results:
Twenty-four patients in Group A and six patients in Group B had a history of “significant” injury to the back at the onset of clinical symptoms. The indices suggested that the intensity of symptoms was relatively more severe in Group A than in Group B. Unilateral leg symptoms were more common in Group A (68%) than in Group B (31.8%). Neurological motor deficits were more common in Group A (28%) than in Group B (12%) patients. Spinal segments surgically treated in Group A ranged from 1 to 4 (average 2 levels) and in Group B it ranged from 2 to 5 (average 3 levels). During the follow-up period that ranged from 6 to 72 months (average 37 months), 100% of patients had varying degrees of relief from symptoms.

Conclusions:
LCS is confined to a lesser number of spinal segments in the Group A patients. The symptoms were radicular in nature and relatively severe in Group A than in Group B patients.
Community Making: An Expansive View of Curriculum
Authors: Oguilve Veronica , Wen Wen , Bowen Em , Abourehab Yousra , Bermudez Amanda , Gaxiola Elizabeth , Castek Jill 
Published: June 2021

Making as a term has gained attention in the educational field. It signals many different meanings to many different groups, yet is not clearly defined. This project’s researchers refer to making as a term that bears social and cultural impact but with a broader more sociocultural association than definitions that center making in STEM learning. Using the theoretical lenses of critical relationality and embodiment, our research team position curriculum as a set of locally situated activities that are culturally, linguistically, socially, and politically influenced. We argue that curriculum emerges from embodied making experiences in specific interactions with learners and their communities. This study examines multiple ways of learning within and across seven community-based organizations who are engaged directly or indirectly in making activities that embedded literacy, STEM, peace, and the arts. Using online ethnography, the research team adopted a multiple realities perspective that positions curriculum as dynamic, flexible, and evolving based on the needs of a community, its ecosystems, and the wider environment. The research team explored making and curricula through a qualitative analysis of interviews with community organizers and learners. The findings provide thick descriptions of making activities which reconceptualize making and curriculum as living and responsive to community needs. Implications of this study expand and problematize the field’s understanding of making, curriculum, and learning environments.
Experiential learning in public health: evaluation of a health promotion campaign assessment for pharmacy students
Authors: White Simon , Gifford Alison , Frisher Martin 
Published: June 2021

Description: Students in small groups designed, delivered and evaluated real-life health promotion campaigns in the local community. A peer assessed component was included from the fifth cohort onwards.
Evaluation: Six successive cohorts of pharmacy students anonymously completed an evaluation questionnaire after finishing the assessment. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were undertaken on the data. The results showed that consistently more respondents reported the assessment as a positive experience than a negative experience. Significantly more respondents reported peer assessment as being useful and group members equally contributing to campaign planning in the cohorts with peer assessment compared to the pre-peer assessment cohorts, but peer assessment did not significantly affect enjoyment ratings. Respondents’ reported enjoyment of the assessment was significantly associated with agreement that it prepared them for health promotion in practice.
Conclusions: Pharmacy students perceived the health promotion campaign assessment as appropriately challenging and enjoyable preparation for health promotion in practice.
Importancia de la filosofía de la educación en el siglo XXI
Authors: PAITAN COMPI ELIZABETH LUCIA , AGUIRRE GONZALEZ MARIA ELOISA FATIMA , ÑACCHA CASAVERDE COSET BERDEY , SIGÜEÑAS RODRÍGUEZ CARMEN SAMMANDA , MELGAR MORÁN LUIS ALBERTO 
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la importancia de la filosofía de la educación en el siglo XXI. Sus orígenes se encuentran en las culturas antiguas, como en los aportes de la civilización griega, cuyo afán fue ampliar sus conocimientos y descubrir la verdad, llevándolos a fijar las bases de lo que hoy conocemos como educación. En el presente artículo de revisión se analizó dicha importancia en el presente siglo, debido a que las sociedades actuales se esmeran por brindar una educación que busque formar ciudadanos que aprendan a convivir y sean capaces de mejorar sus estilos de vida. En este estudio se realizó un análisis epistemológico de la filosofía, epistemología de la educación y filosofía de la educación. A las conclusiones que la investigación arribó fueron: La filosofía de la educación permite la formación de ciudadanos con capacidad crítica, creativa y con una actitud ética; posibilitando al docente la adquisición de conocimientos con el fin de poder transmitirlos a sus estudiantes; por tal motivo, el educador debe poseer capacidades intelectuales que faciliten la comprensión y el análisis, lo que encaminará al desarrollo de su pensamiento crítico y autónomo y el de sus estudiantes.
The Teaching Barbies of Physical Education in Public High Schools
Authors: Vestil Marijoy I. , Madrigal Dennis V. 
Published: June 2021

Education is a process of welcoming truth and opportunity. It is the prudent, encouraged, and respectful learning undertaken in the belief that all should have the chance to share in life. Befittingly, there are no gender biases when it comes to being a teacher. However, this all depends on one's working environment. This study investigates the attitudes, beliefs, and practices of five teaching Bekis of physical education in a public high school identified using a purposive sampling technique. The inquiry is aided by a phenomenological research approach wherein the data were gathered using an in-depth interview. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis by Lichtman's 3-Cs: coding, categorizing, and conceptualizing. The findings showed participants' challenges, life as a teaching barbie of physical education and adjustments in the real world. These findings suggest a different perspective of being gay and a teacher teaching physical education that adheres to institutional standards of authentic education. Furthermore, understanding gay physical education teachers' situation needs to be addressed to attain the so-called "chance to share in life."
An integrated marine data collection for the German Bight – Part 2: Tides, salinity, and waves (1996–2015)
Authors: Hagen Robert , Plüß Andreas , Ihde Romina , Freund Janina , Dreier Norman , Nehlsen Edgar , Schrage Nico , Fröhle Peter , Kösters Frank 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Marine spatial planning requires reliable data for, e.g., the design of
coastal structures, research, or sea level rise adaptation. This task is
particularly ambiguous in the German Bight (North Sea, Europe) because a
compromise must be found between economic interests and biodiversity since
the environmental status is monitored closely by the European Union. For
this reason, we have set up an open-access, integrated marine data
collection for the period from 1996 to 2015. It provides bathymetry, surface
sediments, tidal dynamics, salinity, and waves for the German Bight and is of
interest to stakeholders in science, government, and the economy. This part
of a two-part publication presents data from numerical hindcast simulations
for sea surface elevation, depth-averaged current velocity, bottom shear
stress, depth-averaged salinity, wave parameters, and wave spectra. As an
improvement to existing data collections, our data represent the variability
in the bathymetry by using annually updated model topographies. Moreover, we
provide data at a high temporal and spatial resolution (Hagen et al.,
2020b); i.e., numerical model results are gridded to 1000 m at 20 min
intervals (https://doi.org/10.48437/02.2020.K2.7000.0004). Tidal characteristic
values (Hagen et al., 2020a), such as tidal range or ebb current velocity,
are computed based on numerical modeling results (https://doi.org/10.48437/02.2020.K2.7000.0003). Therefore, this integrated marine data
collection supports the work of coastal stakeholders and scientists, which
ranges from developing detailed coastal models to handling complex natural-habitat problems or designing coastal structures.
Atmospheric convergence zones stemming from large-scale mixing
Authors: Perez Gabriel M. P. , Vidale Pier Luigi , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Martin Thomas C. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Organised cloud bands are important features of tropical and subtropical rainfall. These structures are often regarded as convergence zones, alluding to an association with coherent atmospheric flow. However, the flow kinematics is not usually taken into account in classification methods for this type of event, as large-scale lines are rarely evident in instantaneous diagnostics such as Eulerian convergence. Instead, existing convergence zone definitions rely on heuristic rules of shape, duration and size of cloudiness fields. Here we investigate the role of large-scale turbulence in shaping atmospheric moisture in South America. We employ the finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE), a metric of deformation among neighbouring trajectories, to define convergence zones as attracting Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs). Attracting LCSs frequent tropical and subtropical South America, with climatologies consistent with the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), the South American Low-Level Jet (SALLJ) and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In regions under the direct influence of the ITCZ and the SACZ, rainfall is significantly positively correlated with large-scale mixing measured by the FTLE. Attracting LCSs in south and southeast Brazil are associated with significant positive rainfall and moisture flux anomalies. Geopotential height composites suggest that the occurrence of attracting LCSs in these regions is related with teleconnection mechanisms such as the Pacific–South Atlantic. We believe that this kinematical approach can be used as an alternative to region-specific convergence zone classification algorithms; it may help advance the understanding of underlying mechanisms of tropical and subtropical rain bands and their role in the hydrological cycle.
TAKAFUL KEBAKARAN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MEKANISME GANTI RUGI BAGI PEDAGANG DI PASAR TRADISIONAL DAN MODEL JARINGAN PENYEBARANNYA
Authors: Kurniawan Bagus Ananda 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK Konsep dan mekanisme operandi dalam Takaful Kebakaran sesuai dengan prinsip ekonomi Islam, karena Takaful Kebakaran menganut azas tolong menolong dengan membagi risiko diantara peserta asuransi (sharing of risk). Adanya Risk Sharing inilah cermin sikap tolong-menolong antara sesama seperti yang telah Rasulullah ajarkan kepada setiap umatnya. Mekanisme ganti rugi dalam Takaful Kebakaran tidak memberatkan pedagang, karena disesuiakan dengan kemampuan pedagang baik dari segi besarnya premi yang harus dibayar dan pemilihan jangka waktu pembayaran premi. Dalam penerapan Takaful Kebakaran juga tidak ada maisir, gharar dan riba yang masih ada pada asuransi kebakaran konvensional, yang telah dilarang Islam. Berdasarkan pada permasalahan yang diangkat didalam penulisan ini maka metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif , yaitu suatu metode dalam meneliti status seseorang, suatu objek, suatu situasi atau kondisi sistem pemikiran. Pengembangan model jaringan penyebaran Takaful Kebakaran melalui konsep jaringan sosial merupakan refleksi dari pembangunan jaringan yang dilaksanakan Rasulullah ketika membina masyarakat Islam di Madinah, sehingga informasi dapat disebarkan secara efektif. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari pemilihan tempat jaringan berkomunikasi, peran pemimpin, dan hubungan antara anggota jaringan dan juga hubungan dengan pihak luar yang dapat mendukung tersebarnya informasi. Kata Kunci : Takaful Kebakaran, Pedagang Pasar Tradisional ABSTRACT The concept and mechanisms of operation in accordance with the Fire Takaful Islamic economic principles, because the Fire Takaful adheres to the principles of helping to share the risk among insurance participants (sharing of risk). The existence Risk Sharing this attitude mirrors mutual help between fellow like that had the Prophet taught each of his people. Compensation mechanism in not burdening Fire Takaful traders, as adjusted by the ability of traders both in terms of the amount of premium to be paid and the premium payment term elections. In the application of Takaful Fire also no gambling, and usury gharar that still exist in the conventional fire insurance, which has been banned Islam. Based on the issues raised in this study, the research method used is descriptive qualitative approach, a method in researching the status of a person, an object, a situation or a condition system of thought. Development of network model Takaful Fire spread through the concept of social networking is a reflection of the development of the network carried the Prophet when fostering Islamic community in Medina, so that information can be disseminated effectively. It can be seen from the selection of a communication network, the role of the leader, and the relationship between members of the network and relationships with outside parties that support the spread of information. Keywords: Takaful Kebakaran, Traditional Market Traders