bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibition of 316L Stainless Steel by Permanganate Ions in Chloride Solution
Authors: Arboui Fahd , Amzert Sid Ahmed , Boucherit Mohamed Nadir , Hanini Salah , Ghezali Khaoula 
Published: April 2021

The efficiency of permanganates to inhibit the scale deposit captured the attention for more investigation on their role as corrosion inhibitor. In this article, the effect of permanganate as corrosion inhibitor on 316L stainless steel in NaCl solution is investigated. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been performed by varying the electrode stirring speed, the concentration of permanganate ions, pH and the temperature. The results show that the permanganate ions increase the cathodic and anodic currents under effect of stirring speed, due to oxygen reduction reaction and the reduction of permanganate ions. Electrochemical results indicate that the deposit of manganese oxide (MnO2) inhibits the pitting corrosion. The inhibition efficiency is up to 98 % for 10−4 mol.dm−3 of permanganate. The temperature reduces the effectiveness of permanganates against pitting corrosion, the pitting potential shifts cathodically from +0.395 V vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE) at 298 K to +0.275 V vs. SCE at 343 K. Surface morphology of the deposit oxide films and electrode are studied by emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The analysis of the deposit layer by X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of δ-MnO2 form, with a crystallite size of 3.17 nm. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in panic disorder: The association with major depression
Authors: Agargün MY , Kara H , Alpkan L , Üçişik M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryTo examine the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, we evaluated 69 outpatients with panic disorder. We found a 30% prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms had an earlier onset of illness and were more likely to have current and past major depression than the other ones.
Treatment of delirium with phototherapy: a case report
Authors: Droogleever Fortuyn HA , Schoemaker JH 
Published: July 2002

SummaryA case is described where phototherapy rapidly restored sleep-wake disturbances and concurrent symptoms of delirium in a patient who did not respond to conventional treatment with haloperidol. In this case, the delirious state may have been caused by a change in metabolism as a result of sepsis. Exposition of the patient to 8,000 Lux during 1.5 h for 5 consecutive days was sufficient to suppress all delirious symptoms and to normalize sleep. This result may encourage the setup of systematic studies towards the extent of desynchronization between various rhythmic cycles in delirium and towards the value of phototherapy for the restoration of normal circadian rhythmicity.
Targeted Chemotherapy of Glioblastoma Spheroids with an Iontronic Pump
Authors: Waldherr Linda , Seitanidou Maria , Jakešová Marie , Handl Verena , Honeder Sophie , Nowakowska Marta , Tomin Tamara , Karami Rad Meysam , Schmidt Tony , Distl Joachim , Birner‐Gruenberger Ruth , von Campe Gord , Schäfer Ute , Berggren Magnus , Rinner Beate , Asslaber Martin , Ghaffari‐Tabrizi‐Wizsy Nassim , Patz Silke , Simon Daniel T. , Schindl Rainer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSuccessful treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most lethal tumor of the brain, is presently hampered by (i) the limits of safe surgical resection and (ii) “shielding” of residual tumor cells from promising chemotherapeutic drugs such as Gemcitabine (Gem) by the blood brain barrier (BBB). Here, the vastly greater GBM cell‐killing potency of Gem compared to the gold standard temozolomide is confirmed, moreover, it shows neuronal cells to be at least 104‐fold less sensitive to Gem than GBM cells. The study also demonstrates the potential of an electronically‐driven organic ion pump (“GemIP”) to achieve controlled, targeted Gem delivery to GBM cells. Thus, GemIP‐mediated Gem delivery is confirmed to be temporally and electrically controllable with pmol min−1 precision and electric addressing is linked to the efficient killing of GBM cell monolayers. Most strikingly, GemIP‐mediated GEM delivery leads to the overt disintegration of targeted GBM tumor spheroids. Electrically‐driven chemotherapy, here exemplified, has the potential to radically improve the efficacy of GBM adjuvant chemotherapy by enabling exquisitely‐targeted and controllable delivery of drugs irrespective of whether these can cross the BBB.
InGaN Micro‐LED Array Enabled Advanced Underwater Wireless Optical Communication and Underwater Charging
Authors: Lin Runze , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhou Gufan , Qian Zeyuan , Cui Xugao , Tian Pengfei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the underwater applications of micro‐LED (light‐emitting diode) in light emission, optical detection, and solar cell are demonstrated. Based on a high‐bandwidth and low‐power micro‐LED array, duplex underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) and underwater charging are realized. Using the non‐return‐to‐zero on‐off‐keying modulation scheme, the maximum modulation bandwidth and data rate of a micro‐LED transmitter in the 2.3 m duplex UWOC system are 251.3 MHz and 660 Mbps, respectively. In addition, the micro‐LED‐based photodetector can achieve maximum data rates of 52.5 and 60 Mbps at 0 and −5 V in the same UWOC system, respectively. Furthermore, while achieving the communication function, the micro‐LED is used to realize the collection of external light energy, which is successfully employed to drive a 660 nm laser diode, proving the photovoltaic power generation of micro‐LED. This experiment has made a breakthrough in the duplex UWOC system based on an InGaN micro‐LED array, and verifies significant potential of micro‐LED application in the field of duplex UWOC and underwater charging.
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Induced High Performance Semitransparent Ternary Organic Solar Cells with 14% Efficiency and Enhanced Stability
Authors: Lu Xi , Cao Luye , Du Xiaoyang , Lin Hui , Zheng Caijun , Chen Zhenhua , Sun Bo , Tao Silu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSemitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) have huge potential in terms of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). However, the inherent contradiction between active layer absorption and average visible‐light transmittance (AVT) hinders the follow‐up development of ST‐OSC. To solve this problem, hydrogen bond strategy has been adopted to simultaneously improve the photon trapping capability and film thickness tolerance of the devices. Here, an organic small molecule material DIBC is introduced into PM6:Y6 system to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond with Y6, through which a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.20% is obtained. It is noted that when the active layer thickness is varied from 70 to 150 nm, the PCE values distributed in the range of 16.39–17.20%, which exhibits excellent film thickness tolerance. Moreover, ST‐OSCs are achieved with a maximum PCE of 14% and a high AVT of 21.60%, which is among the best reported results of ST‐OSCs. In addition, hydrogen‐bond‐based ST‐OSCs show superior thermal and light stability in the atmospheric environment corresponding to the control devices. This work provides a feasible solution for ST‐OSC with outstanding efficiency and high AVT, which is of great significance for the industrial production of BIPVs in the future.
Stretchable, Transparent, Permeation Barrier Layer for Flexible Optics
Authors: Zhao Yineng , Huo Ni , Ye Sheng , Boromand Arman , Ouderkirk Andrew J. , Tenhaeff Wyatt E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlexible, compliant permeation barrier layers are critically needed in the optics/optoelectronics industry to protect deformable, polymer‐based optical elements, such as those found in variable focus lenses. To address these needs, a transparent and deformable polymeric permeation barrier coating consisting of poly(1H,1H,6H,6H‐perfluorohexyl diacrylate) (pPFHDA) is prepared by initiated chemical vapor deposition. pPFHDA is a highly crosslinked fluoropolymer, which is deposited onto temperature‐sensitive elastomeric membranes at ambient temperature with high uniformity and conformality. This is believed to be the first demonstration of vapor deposition of the PFHDA monomer. Coatings with thicknesses nominally ranging from 200 to 750 nm are prepared and shown to be impermeable to high‐index optical fluid (polyphenyl thioether) over 2 months at 70 °C, which translates to more than 4 year lifespan at room temperature, even after being subjected to 0.26% biaxial strain. Moreover, due to its amorphous nature, the pPFHDA is transparent from wavelengths of 300–1690 nm and also thermally stable to temperatures of 300 °C. These properties should make pPFHDA coating a particularly compelling candidate for flexible optical/optoelectronic devices requiring transparent and compliant barrier layers.
Craniosynostosis is a feature of CHD7‐related CHARGE syndrome
Authors: De Luca Chiara , Picone Simonetta , Cassina Matteo , Marziali Simone , Morlino Silvia , Camerota Letizia , Tamburrini Gianpiero , Castori Marco , Paolillo Piermichele , Salviati Leonardo , Brancati Francesco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCHARGE syndrome is a rare genetic multiple‐malformation disorder characterized by wide phenotypic variability. It is often caused by heterozygous variants in CHD7 and, more rarely, SEMA3E. Although craniofacial alterations are frequent in this condition, to date craniosynostosis is not considered part of the clinical spectrum. Here, we report bi‐coronal craniosynostosis in a newborn affected by CHARGE syndrome caused by the de novo heterozygous c.6157C>T, p.(Arg2053*) CHD7 variant. We found two additional subjects in the literature with different craniosynostoses and distinct CHD7 alterations. The inclusion of CHD7‐related CHARGE syndrome in the group of rare causes of syndromic craniosynostoses is proposed.
Association between shape changes and bone remodeling patterns in the middle face during ontogeny in South American populations
Authors: Brachetta‐Aporta Natalia , Gonzalez Paula N. , Bernal Valeria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe morphology of facial bones is modeled by processes of bone formation and resorption induced by interactions between tissues and compensatory responses. However, the role of remodeling patterns on the morphological changes within and among populations has been scarcely explored. Here, we assess the association between facial shape and the underlying bone cell activity throughout the ontogeny in two Amerindian populations that represent the extremes of craniofacial variation in South America. The sample comprises 71 individuals (36 adults and 35 subadults) representing hunter‐gatherers from Patagonia and horticulturists from Northwest Argentina. We analyzed the shape and size of the zygomatic and the maxilla, and compared them with the patterns of bone formation and resorption. Bone formation and resorption were described by quantitative histological analysis of bone surfaces. Morphological changes were described by landmarks and semilandmarks digitized on 3D surfaces obtained from CT images. The results from multivariate statistics analysis show that the patterns of bone remodeling are associated with variation in the morphology of the middle face. We found a similar pattern of facial shape variation along the ontogenetic trajectory in the two samples, and a similar trend in the amount of formation and resorption activities across ages. The main differences between samples were found in the distribution of the areas of bone formation and resorption, possibly associated with mechanical bone response to masticatory loading. These findings provide clues about the processes and mechanisms of bone development involved in the facial morphological differentiation in human populations from southern South America.
Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis: Incidence and Predictive Characteristics Among Participants in the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: McAlindon Timothy E. , Driban Jeffrey B. , Roberts Mary B. , Duryea Jeffrey , Haugen Ida K. , Schaefer Lena F. , Smith Stacy E. , Mathiessen Alexander , Eaton Charles 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate age, sex, race, osteoarthritis (OA) severity, metabolic factors, and bone health as risk factors for erosive hand OA at baseline and its incidence over a 48‐month period.MethodsThis was a longitudinal cohort study that included participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) with complete hand radiographs from baseline and 48‐month visits who were eligible at baseline for incident erosive hand OA (i.e., had or were at risk for knee OA [criterion for OAI inclusion] and did not currently have erosive hand OA). Individuals were classified as having erosive hand OA if the Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grade was ≥2 in at least 1 interphalangeal joint on 2 different fingers and central erosion was present in at least 1 joint.ResultsOf the 3,365 individuals without prevalent erosive hand OA at baseline, 86 (2.6%) developed erosive hand OA during the 48‐month period. Risk factors included older age (relative risk [RR] per SD 1.63 [95% confidence interval 1.35–1.97]), female sex (RR 2.47 [95% confidence interval 1.52–4.02]), greater OA severity (sum K/L grade 13.9 versus 5.3; P < 0.001), and less cortical width (1.38 mm versus 1.52 mm; P < 0.001). After 48 months, subjects who had developed erosive hand OA were characterized by greater progression of radiographic OA (i.e., joint space narrowing, K/L grade progression [RR 1.35], and loss of cortical thickness [RR 1.23]), adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, and baseline OA severity (sum K/L grade).ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that erosive hand OA is more common in older women and is strongly associated with severity of articular structural damage and its progression. Individuals who develop erosive hand OA have thinner bones prior to erosive hand OA development and as it progresses, suggesting that erosive hand OA is a disorder of skeletal frailty.
Casearia sylvestris Essential Oil Degradation Products Generated by Leaf Processing
Authors: Carvalho Flávio A. , Oda Fernando B. , Crevelin Eduardo J. , Crotti Antônio E. M. , dos Santos André G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCasearia sylvestris is an endemic tree of the Latin America that the essential oil (EO) has anti‐inflammatory and gastroprotective actions. This study evaluates the chemical composition of the EO from the volatile fractions of in natura, fresh, and dried C. sylvestris var. sylvestris and var. lingua leaves. For both varieties, the dried leaves presented higher EO yield as compared to fresh leaves. The major EO chemical components were (E)‐caryophyllene, α‐humulene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, and humulene epoxide II. In both varieties, the content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons decreased and oxygenated sesquiterpenes increased on going from in natura to fresh and dried leaves, which indicated that leaf drying and hydrodistillation modified the volatile composition. The results also suggested that bicyclogermacrene and (E)‐caryophyllene were oxidized during processing, to generate spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide, respectively. C. sylvestris varieties and in natura, fresh, and dried leaves differed in terms of the chemical composition of volatiles, which could affect the EO biological activities.
Pea proteins: Variation, composition, genetics, and functional properties
Authors: Daba Sintayehu D. , Morris Craig F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesField pea is a leading crop for plant‐based protein. Expanded market demand may necessitate targeted breeding and a deeper understanding of the level of variation and the factors affecting pea protein content, composition, and functionality.FindingsPea protein content varies from 13% to 38% and is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Protein‐regulating genes per se directly and genes involved in starch biosynthesis indirectly play key roles in determining pea protein content and composition. Protein content is often negatively correlated with starch content and seed yield. A thorough analysis of the potential variation in the functional properties of pea protein is needed.ConclusionsSince multiple genes and environmental variables influence pea protein, critical designing of a breeding scheme is essential to improve pea for protein isolation. The economics of protein isolation necessitates a high value for the starch‐rich by‐product. Improving protein and starch contents together may be complicated due to a negative association between these two traits. Two strategies to improve pea seed quality may be suggested: improving protein and starch together, or targeting varieties for specific end‐uses. Large‐scale evaluation of the functional properties of protein in broader germplasm and the inclusion of molecular breeding approaches are also relevant.Significance and noveltyThe variation in pea protein content, composition, and functional properties as well as the contributing environmental and genetic factors are discussed in this study. The review also explores the influence of starch biosynthesis genes in pea protein composition and provides a brief overview of protein fractionation methods. Research needs and breeding strategies are suggested for improving pea protein.
A Strategy to Develop Efficient Ag3PO4‐based Photocatalytic Materials Toward Water Splitting: Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: Hasija Vasudha , Raizada Pankaj , Hosseini‐Bandegharaei Ahmad , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Van Le Quyet , Nguyen Van‐Huy , Singh Pardeep 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe escalating demands for energy sources and cumulative global environmental apprehensions have synergistically contributed to advancements in solar‐driven technologies to utilize renewable energy resources. Photocatalytic water splitting, which is considered the most promising and sustainable process to harness solar energy for H2 and O2 evolution, is of particular interest. The photocatalytic performance of Ag3PO4 is attributed to its visible‐light active 2.43 eV band gap energy, tunable facet crystal structure, and high thermal stability. The suitable valence band (+2.85 V) potential of Ag3PO4 is suggestive of its extraordinary oxidation capability. Herein, recent advances in preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of silver orthophosphate (Ag3PO4) based photocatalytic materials for water splitting are reviewed. The well‐suited synthesis methods and rational engineering aspects for eliminating the significant limitations of self‐photocorrosion and minimum absorption in the solar spectrum are highlighted. The achievement of Ag3PO4‐based photocatalytic materials in water splitting is elaborately discussed, with the main focus on heterostructure formation, facet morphology, and plasmonic phenomena. Besides, some vital accomplishments in bandgap modulation and attaining the required surface energy to achieve an attractive yield of H2 and O2 in the region of visible‐light are also presented. Finally, a conclusive summary outlines this all‐inclusive review with appropriate recommendations for photocatalytic water splitting to meeting a green approach shortly. We expect this comprehensive study could provide a guideline to tailor more efficient Ag3PO4‐based photocatalytic materials with broad research prospects toward water splitting and other sustainable applications.
Heterogeneous Catalyzed Chemoselective Reductive Amination of Halogenated Aromatic Aldehydes
Authors: Dumoleijn Kim N. R. , Villa Alberto , Marelli Marcello , Prati Laura , Moonen Kristof , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe chemoselective conversion of a specific functional group in a multifunctional substrate is of great importance in the chemical industry to obtain cost efficient, sustainable and waste free processes. This work focuses on the chemoselective amination of halogenated aromatic aldehydes with dimethyl amine towards halogenated aromatic amines, a raw material used in the production of for example agrochemical active ingredients. It was found that by combining palladium, a metal known for dehalogenation reactions, and copper, known for its direct hydrogenation of aldehydes to alcohols, in one heterogeneous bimetallic catalyst, a synergistic effect is obtained. By depositing copper onto a palladium on carbon catalyst with a Cu/Pd ratio of at least 1 : 1, the yield could be increased from 66 % (Pd/C) to 98 % (PdCu/C). Moreover, this highly active and stable catalyst also showed suppressed dehalogenation side‐reactions in several other chemical conversions such as hydrogenation of nitro functional groups and hydrogenation of aldehydes.
Mechanism of Oxidative Ring‐Closure as Part of the Hygromycin Biosynthesis Step by a Nonheme Iron Dioxygenase
Authors: Ali Hafiz Saqib , Henchman Richard H. , de Visser Sam P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNonheme iron dioxygenases catalyze vital reactions for biosystems including the biosynthesis of antibiotics. One such enzyme, namely the hygromycin biosynthesis enzyme (HygX), performs an oxidative ring‐closure reaction to form an ortho−ester product, which is a relevant reaction step for drug synthesis and biotechnology. To understand the selective reaction mechanism of oxidative ring‐closure to form ortho−ester products in HygX, we investigated its catalytic reaction mechanism leading to various products. Large active site cluster models were set‐up and various pathways for substrate activation have been calculated. The work identifies a high‐valent iron(IV)‐oxo species in the quintet spin state as the active oxidant that selectively abstracts a proton of an alcohol group of the substrate, which is followed by a hydrogen atom abstraction from a tertiary C−H group and rapid electron transfer. The latter‐formed biradical intermediate rearranges to form the desaturated ring‐closed product. The calculations show that an active site Lys residue donates positive charge to the metal−oxo group and guides the reaction to a chemoselective desaturation pathway.
Interactive Competition Between Individual Diffusion Layers during Cyclic Voltammetry at Random Arrays of Band and Disk Electrodes: A Thorough Analysis Based on Global Simulations
Authors: Pireddu Giovanni , Svir Irina , Amatore Christian , Oleinick Alexander 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work validates a posteriori the use of the theory developed ca. 40 years ago by Amatore and Savéant for regular arrays of electroactive band or disk electrodes. This theory has been profitably used and widely applied in more than 900 research papers for the treatment of the voltammetric responses of arrays of nanoelectroactive objects that were necessarily random by construction. In this work we show that competitive diffusion interaction between the active sites enforce redistribution of individual diffusion layer which homogenize dimensions of the solution volumes ‘feeding’ each active site. For arrays of nanodisk electrodes, it also validates the corresponding approximation assuming that its voltammetric behavior is to that afforded by identical independent cylindrical unit cells performing in parallel.