bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Smart Glasses: A Rapid Review of State-of-the-Art Perspectives and Future Challenges From a Social Sciences’ Perspective
Authors: Zuidhof Niek , Ben Allouch Somaya , Peters Oscar , Verbeek Peter-Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver recent decades smart glasses have gained increased attention in both the research arena and recently also in the consumer market, even though there is not yet a clear definition of what exactly smart glasses entail and underexposed perspectives are not represented. This study used a rapid review to assess the current understanding of smart glasses with the aim of defining them. Searches were performed across six databases, followed-up by a content-based evaluation of title and abstract. A total set of 14 relevant publications was identified to help arrive at a definition and characteristics of smart glasses. As a result, it was observed in both the research literature and in the public domain that many different names are used for smart glasses, and that in some cases there is unclarity about what constitute smart glasses. Therefore, an adapted definition of smart glasses is developed based on the existing original rationale of ubiquitous computing and taking the current state-of-the-art knowledge into account. This article provides an overview of and suggestion for defining smart glasses from a social sciences’ perspective to better inform researchers, developers, designers and companies who are involved in the design, development, research of smart glasses.
The Role of an Intense Jet in the Tsugaru Strait in the Formation of the Outflow Gyre Revealed Using High‐Frequency Radar Data
Authors: Kaneko H. , Sasaki K. , Abe H. , Tanaka T. , Wakita M. , Watanabe S. , Okunishi T. , Sato Y. , Tatamisashi S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe seasonal features of the eastward jet through the Tsugaru Strait was investigated using surface velocity data between 2014 and 2019 obtained from high‐frequency radar located in the eastern part of the strait, as well as data obtained from repeated shipboard observations from 2009 to 2019. The potential‐vorticity‐front‐model was used, and the volume transport of low potential vorticity (PV) water and the intensity of the PV gap at the front in the eastern part of the strait were estimated from these data. The influence of these parameters on the seasonal flow pattern of the Tsugaru Warm Current out to the Pacific Ocean (the summer/autumn “gyre mode” or winter/spring “coastal mode”) was examined. The distribution of the parameters was consistent with the theoretical understanding, showing that in addition to the volume transport, an increase in the local PV gap can also contribute to the development of the gyre.
Discovery of new genetic loci for male sexual orientation in Han population
Authors: Hu Shao-Hua , Li Hai-mei , Yu Hao , Liu Yan , Liu Chen-Xing , Zuo Xian-bo , Lu Jing , Jiang Jia-Jun , Xi Cai-Xi , Huang Bo-Chao , Xu Hu-Ji , Hu Jian-Bo , Lai Jian-Bo , Huang Man-Li , Liu Jian-Ning , Xu Dan-Ge , Guo Xi-Chao , Wu Wei , Wu Xin , Jiang Lei , Li Meng , Zhang Guang-Ping , Huang Jin-Wen , Wei Ning , Lv Wen , Duan Jin-Feng , Qi Hong-Li , Hu Chan-Chan , Chen Jing-Kai , Zhou Wei-Hua , Xu Wei-Juan , Liu Chen-Feng , Liang Hai-Yong , Du Jing , Zheng Shu-Fa , Lu Qiao-Ling , Zheng Lin , Hu Xiao-Wei , Chen Feng-Xiang , Chen Peng , Zhu Biao , Xu Li-Jun , Ni Zhi-Min , Fang Ye-Zhen , Yang Zuo-Kai , Shan Xin-Ren , Zheng En-de , Zhang Fan , Zhou Qing-qing , Rao Yi , Swaab Dick , Yue Wei-Hua , Xu Yi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEpidemiological studies have demonstrated that the genetic factors partly influence the development of same-sex sexual behavior, but most genetic studies have focused on people of primarily European ancestry, potentially missing important biological insights. Here, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) with a total sample of 1478 homosexual males and 3313 heterosexual males in Han Chinese populations and identified two genetic loci (rs17320865, Xq27.3, FMR1NB, Pmeta = 8.36 × 10−8, OR = 1.29; rs7259428, 19q12, ZNF536, Pmeta = 7.58 × 10−8, OR = 0.75) showing consistent association with male sexual orientation. A fixed-effect meta-analysis including individuals of Han Chinese (n = 4791) and European ancestries (n = 408,995) revealed 3 genome-wide significant loci of same-sex sexual behavior (rs9677294, 2p22.1, SLC8A1, Pmeta = 1.95 × 10−8; rs2414487, 15q21.3, LOC145783, Pmeta = 4.53 × 10−9; rs2106525, 7q31.1, MDFIC, Pmeta = 6.24 × 10−9). These findings may provide new insights into the genetic basis of male sexual orientation from a wider population scope. Furthermore, we defined the average ZNF536-immunoreactivity (ZNF536-ir) concentration in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as lower in homosexual individuals than in heterosexual individuals (0.011 ± 0.001 vs 0.021 ± 0.004, P = 0.013) in a postmortem study. In addition, compared with heterosexuals, the percentage of ZNF536 stained area in the SCN was also smaller in the homosexuals (0.075 ± 0.040 vs 0.137 ± 0.103, P = 0.043). More homosexual preference was observed in FMR1NB-knockout mice and we also found significant differences in the expression of serotonin, dopamine, and inflammation pathways that were reported to be related to sexual orientation when comparing CRISPR-mediated FMR1NB knockout mice to matched wild-type target C57 male mice.
Measurement placement in electric power transmission and distribution grids: Review of concepts, methods, and research needs
Authors: Netto Marcos , Krishnan Venkat , Zhang Yingchen , Mili Lamine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSensing and measurement systems are quintessential to the safe and reliable operation of electric power grids. Their strategic placement is of ultimate importance because it is not economically viable to install measurement systems on every node and branch of a power grid, though they need to be monitored. An overwhelming number of strategies have been developed to meet oftentimes multiple conflicting objectives. The prime challenge in formulating the problem lies in developing a heuristic or an optimisation model that, though mathematically tractable and constrained in cost, leads to trustworthy technical solutions. Further, large‐scale, long‐term deployments pose additional challenges because the boundary conditions change as technologies evolve. For instance, the advent of new technologies in sensing and measurement, as well as in communications and networking, might impact the cost and performance of available solutions and shift initially set conditions. Also, the placement strategies developed for transmission grids might not be suitable for distribution grids, and vice versa, because of unique characteristics; therefore, the strategies need to be flexible, to a certain extent, because no two power grids are alike. Despite the extensive literature on the present topic, the focus of published works tends to be on a specific subject, such as the optimal placement of measurements to ensure observability in transmission grids. There is a dearth of work providing a comprehensive picture for developing optimal placement strategies. Because of the ongoing efforts on the modernisation of electric power grids, there is a need to consolidate the status quo while exposing its limitations to inform policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers on the research‐and‐development needs to push the boundaries for innovation. Accordingly, this paper first reviews the state‐of‐the‐art considering both transmission and distribution grids. Then, it consolidates the key factors to be considered in the problem formulation. Finally, it provides a set of perspectives on the measurement placement problem, and it concludes with future research directions.
Anemia in Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Overview
Authors: Satpathy Chhabi , Mohanty Nirmal Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnemia is very common in patients with cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown that anemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in general population and in patients of heart failure and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Various randomized trials have shown prevalence of anemia to be 10 to 43% in patients with ACS. The cardiac remodeling in ACS patients results in left ventricular dilation, which further increases myocardial wall stress. In the presence of anemia, this exacerbates ischemia and enhances myocardial necrosis and fibrosis and ultimately the prognosis. At present, modality of treatment of anemia in ACS patients is less established except blood transfusion. Anemia at admission may have both short- and long-term worse prognosis. Restrictive strategy of blood transfusion, as shown by REALITY trial, may have at least short-term beneficial effect. Due attention should also be given to hospital-acquired anemia (HAA) and anemia developing later, that is, after discharge from hospital. Intravenous iron therapy may be the future therapeutic option, as evidenced by its beneficial effect in treatment of heart failure with anemia.
The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions and Changes in Guidelines on Adult Wrist Fracture Management
Authors: Tse Cheuk Yin , Lee Lawrence Hin Hai , Akbari Amir Reza , Niazi Noman Shakeel , Pillai Anand 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an unprecedented impact on the healthcare service of the United Kingdom. This study aims to evaluate the effect on wrist fracture care as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in British Orthopaedic Association Standards of Trauma and Orthopaedics wrist fracture management guidelines, and introduction of lockdown restrictions.
Methods This is a retrospective observational study with data collected using the Pathpoint eTrauma platform (Open Medical, United Kingdom). All adults (18 years + ) admitted with wrist fractures within the study phases to Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust were included. Each phase of the study period represents a change in lockdown restrictions, including lockdown 1, period of eased restrictions after lockdown 1, lockdown 2, and lockdown 3. These phases were then compared with a prepandemic period. A total of 608 referrals were included for analysis.
Results The number of referrals per week decreased from 9.94 prepandemic to as low as 8.12 during lockdown 2. Falls remained the most common mechanism of injury, followed by cycling that saw an increase by more than threefold from 2.42% prepandemic to 8.17% (p = 0.500) during lockdown 1 and 8.77% (p = 0.0164) during the easing of lockdown 1. Sports-related injuries and occupational injuries decreased throughout. Assaults and altercations, road traffic accidents, roller-skate, and skateboard-related injuries increased throughout. Surgical procedures per week decreased from 5.06 prepandemic to as low as 4.55 during lockdown 1. Procedure cancellations remained steady apart from an increase during lockdown 2. Referrals managed operatively increased from 50.9% prepandemic to 58.9% in lockdown 2, before dropping to 49.2% in lockdown 3. Mean time from presentation to surgery increased from 9.08 days prepandemic to 16.27 days in lockdown 1 but decreased to just below the prepandemic baseline thereafter.
Conclusion Overall, there was a decrease in the number of wrist fracture referrals and surgical procedures compared with before the pandemic. There was also an increased wait-time to surgery and an increased rate of cancellations. Statistical analyses fail to find significance in changes other than mechanisms of injury, which resulted from lockdown restrictions. Therefore, service provision, delivery, and efficiency not affected significantly by changes in guidelines and lockdown restrictions.
The Prognostic Performance of Rotational Thromboelastometry for Excessive Bleeding and Increased Transfusion Requirements in Hip Fracture Surgeries
Authors: Tsantes Andreas G. , Papadopoulos Dimitrios V. , Trikoupis Ioannis G. , Tsante Konstantina A. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Koulouvaris Panagiotis , Vaiopoulos Aristeidis G. , Piovani Daniele , Nikolopoulos Georgios K. , Kokoris Styliani I. , Bonovas Stefanos , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Tsantes Argirios E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Hip fracture surgeries are associated with considerable blood loss, while the perioperative coagulopathy is associated with the bleeding risk of these patients. We aimed to evaluate the ability of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to detect patients at high risk for excessive bleeding and increased transfusion requirements.
Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of 221 patients who underwent hip fracture surgeries. ROTEM analysis was performed preoperatively and immediately postoperatively. Blood loss parameters including blood loss volume, number of transfused red blood cell (RBC) units, and drop in hemoglobin levels were recorded. ROTEM parameters were compared between patients with and without excessive bleeding, and between patients with and without increased transfusion requirements (i.e., ≥2 RBC units).
Results The postoperative FIBTEM MCF value ≤15 mm had 66.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.7–74.1%) sensitivity and 92.0% (95% CI: 80.7–97.7%) specificity to prognose excessive bleeding, and preoperative FIBTEM MCF value ≤15 mm had 80.4% (95% CI: 73.5–86.2%) sensitivity and 91.2% (95% CI: 80.7–97.0%) specificity to prognose increased transfusion requirements. Preoperative FIBTEM MCF ≤11 mm and postoperative FIBTEM MCF ≤15 mm were associated with considerably increased risks of excessive bleeding (odds ratio [OR]: 44.8, 95% CI: 16.5–121.3, p < 0.001; and OR: 23.0, 95% CI: 7.8–67.0, p < 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion ROTEM parameters demonstrated high prognostic accuracy for excessive bleeding and increased transfusion requirements. This can enable implementation of blood sparing strategies in high-risk patients, while blood banks could be better prepared to ensure adequate blood supply.
Evaluation Metrics for Health Chatbots: A Delphi Study
Authors: Denecke Kerstin , Abd-Alrazaq Alaa , Househ Mowafa , Warren Jim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background In recent years, an increasing number of health chatbots has been published in app stores and described in research literature. Given the sensitive data they are processing and the care settings for which they are developed, evaluation is essential to avoid harm to users. However, evaluations of those systems are reported inconsistently and without using a standardized set of evaluation metrics. Missing standards in health chatbot evaluation prevent comparisons of systems, and this may hamper acceptability since their reliability is unclear.
Objectives The objective of this paper is to make an important step toward developing a health-specific chatbot evaluation framework by finding consensus on relevant metrics.
Methods We used an adapted Delphi study design to verify and select potential metrics that we retrieved initially from a scoping review. We invited researchers, health professionals, and health informaticians to score each metric for inclusion in the final evaluation framework, over three survey rounds. We distinguished metrics scored relevant with high, moderate, and low consensus. The initial set of metrics comprised 26 metrics (categorized as global metrics, metrics related to response generation, response understanding and aesthetics).
Results Twenty-eight experts joined the first round and 22 (75%) persisted to the third round. Twenty-four metrics achieved high consensus and three metrics achieved moderate consensus. The core set for our framework comprises mainly global metrics (e.g., ease of use, security content accuracy), metrics related to response generation (e.g., appropriateness of responses), and related to response understanding. Metrics on aesthetics (font type and size, color) are less well agreed upon—only moderate or low consensus was achieved for those metrics.
Conclusion The results indicate that experts largely agree on metrics and that the consensus set is broad. This implies that health chatbot evaluation must be multifaceted to ensure acceptability.
Spermiation response to exogenous hormone therapy in hibernated and non-hibernated boreal toads (
Authors: Kouba Andrew J. , Langhorne Cecilia J. , Willard Scott T. , Smith Theodore , Kouba Carrie K. 
Published: October 2021

Conservation programs for threatened high- elevation amphibian species rely on hibernation to trigger appropriate male reproductive behaviours and gametogenesis. Although common practice and anecdotal observations have supported the practice of hibernation, there is limited empirical evidence documenting the effects on reproduction in these species. In this study, the effect of hibernation on sperm quantity and quality was evaluated for the alpine species Anaxyrus boreas boreas. Hibernated (n = 19) and non-hibernated (n = 21) male toads were administered 10 IU g−1 body weight (BW) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and spermic urine was collected over 24 h. Hibernation had no effect on the number of males undergoing spermatogenesis, but hibernated males produced sperm in higher concentrations. Sperm quality was measured in terms of total motility, forward progressive motility and quality of forward progression. Although there was no difference in the total sperm motility of samples from hibernated and non-hibernated toads, the percentage of sperm exhibiting forward progressive motility and the quality of forward progression was significantly greater from hibernated toads. These results support our hypothesis that hibernation impacts both sperm quantity and quality in male boreal toads. This study will better inform captive breeding management decisions for threatened alpine species, in imminent danger of extinction.
Longitudinal assessment of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigenemia in patients hospitalized with COVID-19
Authors: Verkerke Hans , Harrington Kristin , McLendon Kaleb , O’Sick William , Potlapalli Sindhu , Shin Sooncheon , Allen Jerry William Lynn , Horwath Michael , Arthur Connie , Rha Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While RT-PCR tests of nasopharyngeal swabs remain the gold standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and monitoring of COVID-19 disease progression, measurement of nucleocapsid antigenemia in serum and plasma samples is an underexplored alternative proxy for disease severity. To explore the dynamics of nucleocapsid antigenemia, we measured levels of nucleocapsid antigen using a highly sensitive Single Molecule Array (Simoa) assay in 817 serially collected serum and plasma samples from 93 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients for whom symptom onset date could be extracted by chart review. In a subset of these individuals (n=13), we measured seroconversion by titering for receptor binding domain (RBD) specific IgG, IgA, and IgM. A model of exponential decay was fit to data from individuals with high resolution daily sampling (N=34), from which the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid in serum was determined. Mean nucleocapsid half-life in this group of patients was 1.17 days (SD=0.82). Nucleocapsid levels were significantly higher in the first 10 days following symptom onset in patients who died compared to those with a milder disease course (p=0.004). Further, mortality was associated with a trend toward longer nucleocapsid half-life (1.51 days vs. 0.79 days) (p=0.10). In patients who had both antibody and antigenemia data available, antibody response was temporally linked to antigen decay, reaching peak levels as antigen was cleared from the blood. Our data identify SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigenemia as a potential diagnostic tool for acute COVID-19 disease and an early biomarker associated with disease severity.
Assessment of Coagulation Tests in Hospitalized COVID19 Patients; Challenging Coagulopathies
Authors: Barouqa Mohammad , Szymanski James , Rahman Shafia , Lugo Jesus Gonzalez , Billett Henny , Sekhri Radhika , Reyes Morayma 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has caused a worldwide illness and New York has become the epicenter of COVID-19 in the United States. During the last year, The Bronx, one of the five boroughs of New York City, had the highest prevalence per capita in New York making it the epicenter of the pandemic. During the first wave of the pandemic, almost every labratory received tremendous amount of tests, and here we examined demographic and laboratory data, as well as trajectories of laboratory results, in order to determine the relation between these laboratory parameters, in particular tests of coagulation, to illness severity and mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective study of all positive COVID cases who were admitted between 2/22/2020-4/20/2020 at Montefiore Health System (MHS), a large tertiary care center in the Bronx. Together the ambulatory and hospital networks care for 2.8 million visits a year. All adults with positive COVID tests performed by MHS and who were admitted between 2/22/2020-4/20/2020 are considered. All hospitalized COVID positive cases were queried from the electronic medical record system. Physiological, demographic (age, sex, socioeconomic status and self-reported race and/or ethnicity) and laboratory data was captured. A subset of cases were chart-reviewed for accuracy and additional information. Statistical analysis was performed using R studio. Results: Discharge from hospital and mortality were the primary measured outcomes. 7096 patients tested positive for COVID, of which 2897 had an associated inpatient admission and 845 patients were seen in the ER and then discharged. A total of 767 COVID positive patients died during hospitalization. A multivariable logistic regression analysis shows increased odds ratio for mortality by age, gender(males &gt; females), BMI, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, Charlson Score, and D-Dimer. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of D-Dimer combined with age showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77. The optimal cut-point, calculated using Youden’s index, for the initial D-Dimer to predict mortality was found to be 2.43ug/ml. D-Dimer trajectories between survivors and non-survivors showed a clear separation for non-survivors since admission. Conclusions: In this study we comprehensively studied demographic, physiological and laboratory parameters of COVID19+ minority patients in the Bronx, NYC, USA. This study confirms laboratory and clinical observations made by Wuhan studies of COVID19 infected patients. In particular the association of initial D-Dimer and its trajectory during hospitalization with mortality.