bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevante Aspekte der arzneimittelassoziierten Hepatotoxizität im klinischen Alltag
Authors: Zeiss René , Gahr Maximilian 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Gegenstand und Ziel Arzneimittelassoziierte Hepatotoxizität (engl. Drug-induced liver injury, DILI) ist einer der häufigsten Gründe für akutes Leberversagen und die Rücknahme der Zulassung von Arzneimitteln. Das Risiko des Auftretens von DILI im Zusammenhang mit der Anwendung spezifischer Substanzen ist grundsätzlich gering, allerdings kann DILI letal verlaufen und stellt daher ein ernstzunehmendes Problem im klinischen Alltag dar. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit wird ein Überblick über den Kenntnisstand zu DILI mit Fokus auf klinisch relevante Aspekte gegeben.
Material und Methoden Es wurde eine narrative Übersichtsarbeit erstellt. Die Literaturrecherche wurde mithilfe der bibliografischen Datenbank MEDLINE durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse DILI ist eine unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkung, welche sowohl in direkter, vorhersehbarer als auch idiosynkratrischer, unvorhersehbarer Form auftreten kann. Die Ätiologie von DILI wird als multifaktoriell bewertet und es scheinen genetische, immunologische und Umweltfaktoren eine Rolle zu spielen. Therapeutisch stellen das Absetzen der verdächtigten Substanz sowie eine engmaschige Überwachung des Patienten die wichtigsten Maßnahmen dar.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Die große Anzahl an Substanzen mit hepatotoxischem Potenzial sowie die begrenzte Vorhersagbarkeit von DILI in Kombination mit den begrenzten therapeutischen Möglichkeiten stellen eine Herausforderung im klinischen Alltag dar. Bei Auftreten von Transaminasenerhöhungen unklarer Genese sollte DILI in Betracht gezogen und es sollten entsprechende Maßnahmen ergriffen werden.
High-Impact Details of Play and Movements in Female Basketball Game
Authors: Nagano Yasuharu , Sasaki Shogo , Shimada Yui , Koyama Takeshi , Ichikawa Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the high-impact details of play and movements with higher acceleration and their frequency during a female basketball match. Trunk acceleration was measured during a simulated basketball game with eight female players. The extracted instance was categorized, which generated at > 6 and 8 G resultant accelerations using a video recording and an accelerometer attached to the players’ trunk, as details of play and movements. The frequency and ratio of the details of play and movements regarding all detected movements were calculated. A total of 1062 and 223 play actions were detected for the resultant acceleration thresholds of > 6 and 8 G, respectively. For these acceleration thresholds, in terms of details of play, positioning on the half-court was the most frequently observed (29.6 and 23.8%, respectively). In terms of movements, deceleration was the most frequently detected movement (21.5 and 23.3%, respectively), followed by landing (7.6 and 15.7%, respectively). Deceleration during positioning on the half-court and defense as well as landing mostly after a shot were detected as high-impact frequent basketball-specific movements. The results also showed that characteristics of movements or playing style and playing position may have an effect on acceleration patterns during a basketball game.
Predictive factors for adenoma detection rates: a video study of endoscopist practices
Authors: Yang Sun Young , Quan Susan Y. , Friedland Shai , Pan Jennifer Y. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and study aims In 2015, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) and American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Task Force on Quality in Endoscopy deemed adenoma detection rate (ADR) the most important quality measure for colonoscopy. There has been much interest in factors that can increase ADR. To date, however, few studies have looked at what intra-procedural endoscopist practices are associated with improving ADR. We conducted a retrospective review of colonoscopy videos to evaluate intra-procedural practices that could be associated with ADR.Methods Videos were recorded of colonoscopies performed between September and December 2017 at the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Colonoscopies for screening and surveillance were included for video review. Factors assessed included withdrawal time, intra-procedural cleaning, inspection technique, and other variables (colon distention, removal of equivocal/hyperplastic polyps). A series of multiple regression analyses was conducted on variables of interest before running a final model of significant predictors.Results A total of 130 videos were reviewed from nine endoscopists whose ADRs ranged between 37.5 % and 73.7 %. The final regression model was significant (F = 15.35, df = 2, P = 0.0044), R2 = 0.8365) with close inspection of behind folds and quality of cecal inspection being the factors highly correlated with predicting ADR. Withdrawal and inspection times, colonic wall distention, removal of equivocal/hyperplastic polyps, quality of rectal inspection, suctioning, and washing were factors moderately correlated with predicting ADR.Conclusions We found that behind-fold inspection and a meticulous cecal inspection technique were predictive of a high ADR.
Improvement in adenoma detection using a novel artificial intelligence-aided polyp detection device
Authors: Shaukat Aasma , Colucci Daniel , Erisson Lavi , Phillips Sloane , Ng Jonathan , Iglesias Juan Eugenio , Saltzman John R. , Somers Samuel , Brugge William 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Detecting colorectal neoplasia is the goal of high-quality screening and surveillance colonoscopy, as reflected by high adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC). The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-aided polyp detection device, Skout, with the primary endpoints of ADR and APC in routine colonoscopy.
Patients and methods We compared ADR and APC in a cohort of outpatients undergoing routine high-resolution colonoscopy with and without the use of a real-time, AI-aided polyp detection device. Patients undergoing colonoscopy with Skout were enrolled in a single-arm, unblinded, prospective trial and the results were compared with a historical cohort. All resected polyps were examined histologically.
Results Eighty-three patients undergoing screening and surveillance colonoscopy at an outpatient endoscopy center were enrolled and outcomes compared with 283 historical control patients. Overall, ADR with and without Skout was 54.2 % and 40.6 % respectively (P = 0.028) and 53.6 % and 30.8 %, respectively, in screening exams (P = 0.024). Overall, APC rate with and without Skout was 1.46 and 1.01, respectively, (P = 0.104) and 1.18 and 0.50, respectively, in screening exams (P = 0.002). Overall, true histology rate (THR) with and without Skout was 73.8 % and 78.4 %, respectively, (P = 0.463) and 75.0 % and 71.0 %, respectively, in screening exams (P = 0.731).
Conclusion We have demonstrated that our novel AI-aided polyp detection device increased the ADR in a cohort of patients undergoing screening and surveillance colonoscopy without a significant concomitant increase in hyperplastic polyp resection. AI-aided colonoscopy has the potential for improving the outcomes of patients undergoing colonoscopy.
Long-term outcomes of transoral incisionless fundoplication for gastro-esophageal reflux disease: systematic-review and meta-analysis
Authors: Testoni Sabrina , Hassan Cesare , Mazzoleni Giorgia , Antonelli Giulio , Fanti Lorella , Passaretti Sandro , Correale Loredana , Cavestro Giulia Martina , Testoni Pier Alberto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Few reports exist about long-term outcomes of transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) for treating refractory gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Methods A literature search of four major scientific databases was performed up to May 2020 for studies reporting on more than 3-year outcomes of TIF. Data on atient satisfaction, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) daily consumption, PPI use reduction, GERD health-related quality-of-life (GERD-HRQL) score, and normalization of heartburn and regurgitation scores were pooled and summarized with forest plots. Publication bias and heterogeneity were explored.
Results Overall, eight studies (418 patients, 232 men; 55.5 %) with a mean follow-up of 5.3 years (range: 3–10 years) were included. The pooled proportion of patient-reported satisfaction before and after TIF was 12.3 % (95 % CI:12.3–35.1 %, I2 = 87.4 %) and 70.6 % (95 % CI:51.2–84.6, I2 = 80 %), respectively, corresponding to an odds ratio of 21.4 (95 % CI:3.27–140.5). Pooled rates of patients completely off PPIs and on occasional PPIs were 53.8 % (95 %CI: 42.0 %-65.1 %) and 75.8 % (95 %CI: 67.6–82.6), respectively. The pooled estimated mean GERD-HRQL scores off PPI before and after TIF werey 26.1 (95 %CI: 21.5–30.7; range: 20.0–35.5) and 5.9, respectively (95 %CI:0.35.1–11.4; range: 5.3–9.8; P < 0.001). The overall pooled rates of heartburn and regurgitation scores normalization were 73.0 % (95 %CI: 0.62–0.82) and 86 %, respectively (95 %CI: 75.0–91.0 %).
Conclusion Our study shows that TIF appears to offer a long-term safe therapeutic option for selected patients with GERD who refuse life-long medical therapy or surgery, are intolerant to PPIs, or are at increased surgical risk.
Adverse events of colonoscopy in a colorectal cancer screening program with fecal immunochemical testing: a population-based observational study
Authors: Denis Bernard , Gendre Isabelle , Weber Sarah , Perrin Philippe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims The aim of this study was to assess adverse events (AEs) associated with colonoscopy in the French colorectal cancer screening program with fecal occult blood test (FOBT).
Patients and methods A retrospective cohort study was performed of all colonoscopies performed from 2015 to 2018 for a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in patients aged 50 to 74 years within the screening program in progress in Alsace, part of the French program. AEs were recorded through prospective voluntary reporting by community gastroenterologists and retrospective postal surveys addressed to individuals screened. They were compared with those recorded in the previous program following colonoscopies performed from 2003 to 2014 for a positive guaiac-based FOBT (gFOBT).
Results Of 9576 colonoscopies performed for a positive FIT, 6194 (64.7 %) were therapeutic. Overall, 180 AEs were recorded (18.8 ‰, 95 % CI 16.1–21.5), 114 of them (11.9 ‰, 95 % CI 9.7–14.1) requiring hospitalization, 55 (5.7‰, 95 % CI 4.2–7.3) hospitalization > 24 hours, and eight (0.8 ‰, 95 % CI 0.3–1.4) surgery. The main complications requiring hospitalization were perforation (n = 18, 1.9 ‰, 95 % CI 1.0–2.7) and bleeding (n = 31, 3.2 ‰, 95 % CI 2.1–4.4). Despite a significant increase in several risk factors for complication, the rate of AEs remained stable between gFOBT and FIT programs. Overall, we observed one death (1/27,000 colonoscopies) and three splenic injuries.
Conclusions The harms of colonoscopy in a colorectal cancer screening program with FIT are more frequent than usually estimated. This study revealed six AEs requiring hospitalization > 24 hours (three bleeds, two perforations), one necessitating surgery, and 50 minor complications per 1000 colonoscopies.
Fast 3D Isotropic Proton Density-Weighted Fat-Saturated MRI of the Knee at 1.5 T with Compressed Sensing: Comparison with Conventional Multiplanar 2D Sequences
Authors: Endler Christoph H.-J. , Faron Anton , Isaak Alexander , Katemann Christoph , Mesropyan Narine , Kupczyk Patrick A. , Pieper Claus C. , Kuetting Daniel , Hadizadeh Dariusch R. , Attenberger Ulrike I. , Luetkens Julian A. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose Compressed sensing (CS) is a method to accelerate MRI acquisition by acquiring less data through undersampling of k-space. In this prospective study we aimed to evaluate whether a three-dimensional (3D) isotropic proton density-weighted fat saturated sequence (PDwFS) with CS can replace conventional multidirectional two-dimensional (2D) sequences at 1.5 Tesla.
Materials and Methods 20 patients (45.2 ± 20.2 years; 10 women) with suspected internal knee damage received a 3D PDwFS with CS acceleration factor 8 (acquisition time: 4:11 min) in addition to standard three-plane 2D PDwFS sequences (acquisition time: 4:05 min + 3:03 min + 4:46 min = 11:54 min) at 1.5 Tesla. Scores for homogeneity of fat saturation, image sharpness, and artifacts were rated by two board-certified radiologists on the basis of 5-point Likert scales. Based on these ratings, an overall image quality score was generated. Additionally, quantitative contrast ratios for the menisci (MEN), the anterior (ACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in comparison with the popliteus muscle were calculated.
Results The overall image quality was rated superior in 3D PDwFS compared to 2D PDwFS sequences (14.45 ± 0.83 vs. 12.85 ± 0.99; p < 0.01), particularly due to fewer artifacts (4.65 ± 0.67 vs. 3.65 ± 0.49; p < 0.01) and a more homogeneous fat saturation (4.95 ± 0.22 vs. 4.55 ± 0.51; p < 0.01). Scores for image sharpness were comparable (4.80 ± 0.41 vs. 4.65 ± 0.49; p = 0.30). Quantitative contrast ratios for all measured structures were superior in 3D PDwFS (MEN: p < 0.05; ACL: p = 0.06; PCL: p = 0.33). In one case a meniscal tear was only diagnosed using multiplanar reformation of 3D PDwFS, but it would have been missed on standard multiplanar 2D sequences.
Conclusion An isotropic fat-saturated 3D PD sequence with CS enables fast and high-quality 3D imaging of the knee joint at 1.5 T and may replace conventional multiplanar 2D sequences. Besides faster image acquisition, the 3D sequence provides advantages in small structure imaging by multiplanar reformation.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Effects of Different Amine Activators on the Monomer Conversion, Biaxial Flexural Strength, and Color Stability of Experimental Provisional Dental Restorations
Authors: Padunglappisit Chawal , Posaya-anuwat Siwanath , Sompoch Varisara , Piyawiwattanakoon Poompat , Panpisut Piyaphong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim was to assess the effect of different amine activators including N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) or Na-N-tolyglycine glycidyl methacrylate (NTGGMA) on chemical-activated monomer conversion, biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and color stability of composites for provisional dental restorations.
Materials and Methods Two formulations of composites containing either DMPT (D-temp) or NTGGMA (N-temp) were prepared. The degree of monomer conversion was assessed. The BFS of the materials was tested using the ball-on-ring testing jig. The color difference (∆E00) of the materials after immersion in water was also determined. The commercial comparisons were Unifast (UF), Protemp (PT), Luxacrown, and Luxatemp (LT).
Results The monomer conversion of D-temp (57.4 ± 1.3%) was comparable to that of N-temp (59.0 ± 1.3%). The conversion of both D-temp and N-temp were higher than that of PT (48.1 ± 3.4%) and LT (48.0 ± 1.6%). BFS of both D-temp (164.2 ± 18.1 MPa) and N-temp (168.6 ± 8.9 MPa) were comparable but higher than that of UF (119.8 ± 13.6 MPa). ∆E00 of D-temp (2.7 ± 0.7) and N-temp (2.5 ± 0.8) were comparable but higher than that of other commercial materials (0.6–1.2).
Conclusion The use of DMPT or NTGGMA showed negligible effect on monomer conversion, BFS, and color stability of the experimental provisional restorations. The conversion and BFS of the experimental materials were in the range of that obtained from commercial bis-acryl-based materials. However, the color stability of the experimental materials was lower than that of commercial materials.
Central Line Utilization and Complications in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Grover Theresa R. , Weems Mark F. , Brozanski Beverly , Daniel John , Haberman Beth , Rintoul Natalie , Walden Alyssa , Hedrick Holly , Mahmood Burhan , Seabrook Ruth , Murthy Karna , Zaniletti Isabella , Keene Sarah ,   on behalf of the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium (CHNC) Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Focus Group
Published: February 2021

Objective Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) require multiple invasive interventions carrying inherent risks, including central venous and arterial line placement. We hypothesized that specific clinical or catheter characteristics are associated with higher risk of nonelective removal (NER) due to complications and may be amenable to efforts to reduce patient harm.
Study Design Infants with CDH were identified in the Children's Hospital's Neonatal Database (CHND) from 2010 to 2016. Central line use, duration, and complications resulting in NER are described and analyzed by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use.
Results A total of 1,106 CDH infants were included; nearly all (98%) had a central line placed, (average of three central lines) with a total dwell time of 22 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 14–39). Umbilical arterial and venous lines were most common, followed by extremity peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs); 12% (361/3,027 central lines) were removed secondary to complications. Malposition was the most frequent indication for NER and was twice as likely in infants with intrathoracic liver position. One quarter of central lines in those receiving ECMO was placed while receiving this therapy.
Conclusion Central lines are an important component of intensive care for infants with CDH. Careful selection of line type and location and understanding of common complications may attenuate the need for early removal and reduce risk of infection, obstruction, and malposition in this high-risk group of patients.
Key Points
A tale of two pandemics: evolutionary psychology, urbanism, and the biology of disease spread deepen sociopolitical divides in the U.S.
Authors: Kuznar Lawrence A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has spread uncertainty and social disruption, and exacerbated political divides in the United States. Most studies of the drivers of the epidemic focus on victim characteristics without consideration of drivers in the general population. This study presents statistical models that track the underlying factors in the general population associated with the spread of the pandemic and addresses how social learning mechanisms have led people to adopt perspectives and behaviors depending on their social context. Despite many social, physiological and economic factors, the statistical drivers of the pandemic primarily relate to the presence of vectors and the probability of transmission. However, the relationship between these drivers and COVID-19 deaths is weak and variable outside of the New York metropolitan area. Furthermore, the per capita death rate in much of the country has been much lower than the New York metropolitan area. There have been two very different experiences with the pandemic, one where the signals of its danger have been obvious from the start and one where the signals have been much weaker. Social learning mechanisms (in-group information sharing, imitation, costly punishment) have amplified the effect of people’s experiences with the pandemic. Sheltering in cities and protesting shutdowns in rural areas probably were initially adaptive somatic efforts in the evolutionary sense, given the different realities of the pandemic versus its economic costs in urban versus rural environments. These adaptations, however, have deepened the political divides in an already Balkanized country. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for how to use social learning theory for disseminating information on how to combat the pandemic.
Modeling and improvement of a low-frequency micro-accelerometer
Authors: Cheng Z. Y. , Liu L. Y. , Lei Y. J. , Li H. L. , Zhang L. S. , Li R. J. , Huang Q. X. 
Published: February 2021

A sensitivity- and resolution-improving method for a low-frequency micro-vibration accelerometer is presented in this paper. A sensitivity model of the measurement system is derived and established. The key parameters that limit the sensitivity and the resolution of the accelerometer were identified through the sensitivity coefficient analysis method. The structural parameters and the signal process method were then optimized. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the accelerometer has improved from 1.10 V/(m/s2) to 19.21 V/(m/s2), and the resolution has improved from 1.47 mm/s2 to 0.21 mm/s2. The lowest working frequency range has expanded from 1 Hz to 0.7 Hz. The presented method is effective and cheap and can be applied to other sensors.
Superelastic behavior of single crystalline Ni48Fe20Co5Ga27 micro-pillars near austenite–martensite critical point
Authors: Chang T.-F. M. , Chernenko V. , Tang H.-C. , Chen C.-Y. , Umise A. , Tahara M. , Hosoda H. , Sone M. 
Published: February 2021

Micro-pillars oriented in austenite along [100], [110], and [111] crystallographic directions were fabricated on the corresponding edges of a single crystalline plate of the Ni48Fe20Co5Ga27 magnetic shape memory alloy exhibiting martensitic transformation (MT) at 150 K. Superelastic behavior of pillars, due to micro-compression-induced MT, was investigated at different temperatures from 298 K to 373 K. At room temperature, Young’s moduli of the [100], [110], and [111] pillars in austenite are equal to 5.3 GPa, 7.9 GPa, and 9.9 GPa, respectively, resulting in the linear dependences of the elastic strain reaching up to the record-breaking value of 10%. On increasing temperature, the stress–strain dependencies exhibit changes that are interpreted in terms of the critical behavior on approaching to the end points on the martensite–austenite stress–temperature phase diagrams.
Social distancing decreases an individual’s likelihood of contracting COVID-19
Authors: Fazio Russell H. , Ruisch Benjamin C. , Moore Courtney A. , Granados Samayoa Javier A. , Boggs Shelby T. , Ladanyi Jesse T. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Previous work establishes the effectiveness of social distancing for reducing COVID-19 transmission at the aggregate level: Locales in which restrictions were imposed experienced a reduction in spread of the virus. However, we know little about the effectiveness of social distancing at the level of the individual. Do individuals who engage in social distancing reduce their personal likelihood of contracting COVID-19? Or are these effects only evident in the aggregate? A longitudinal investigation involving 2,120 online participants demonstrated that individual differences matter. Participants who exhibited greater social distancing on a virtual behavior measure—simulations presenting graphical depictions of specific real-world scenarios, asking them to position themselves relative to others in the scene—were less likely to contract COVID-19 subsequently.
(No) variation in the grammar of alternatives
Authors: Howell Anna , Hohaus Vera , Berezovskaya Polina , Sachs Konstantin , Braun Julia , Durmaz Şehriban , Beck Sigrid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe paper reports the results of an in-depth crosslinguistic study of intervention effects and the grammar of alternatives in a typologically diverse sample of five languages: Palestinian Arabic (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic), Russian (Indo-European, Slavic), Samoan (Austronesian, Oceanic), Turkish (Altaic, Turkic), and Yoruba (Niger-Congo, Defoid). In all of these languages, we find an interesting asymmetry in that focus evaluation interrupts question evaluation and causes an intervention effect, but not vice versa. We take our data to inform the crosslinguistic analysis of two alternative-evaluating operators, the squiggle operator and the question operator. To capture the observed absence of variation, we propose two semantic universals: The squiggle operator unselectively evaluates all alternatives in its scope. The question operator, on the other hand, is selective.