bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informational Herding, Optimal Experimentation, and Contrarianism
Authors: Smith Lones , Sørensen Peter Norman , Tian Jianrong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the standard herding model, privately informed individuals sequentially see prior actions and then act. An identical action herd eventually starts and public beliefs tend to “cascade sets” where social learning stops. What behaviour is socially efficient when actions ignore informational externalities? We characterize the outcome that maximizes the discounted sum of utilities. Our four key findings are: (1) cascade sets shrink but do not vanish, and herding should occur but less readily as greater weight is attached to posterity. (2) An optimal mechanism rewards individuals mimicked by their successor. (3) Cascades cannot start after period one under a signal log-concavity condition. (4) Given this condition, efficient behaviour is contrarian, leaning against the myopically more popular actions in every period. We make two technical contributions: as value functions with learning are not smooth, we use monotone comparative statics under uncertainty to deduce optimal dynamic behaviour. We also adapt dynamic pivot mechanisms to Bayesian learning.
TINY REBEL BREWING CO LTD’S TRADE MARK APPLICATIONAppointed Person (Trade Marks)Prof. Ruth Annand: 16 August 2019BL O/482/19; [2019] R.P.C. 25
Authors:   Appointed Person (Trade Marks)
Published: February 2021

Abstract
H1 Trade marks – Opposition proceedings – Device marks – TROPICANA – Comparison of goods – Whether beers similar to fruit juices – Comparison of marks – Dominant element – Descriptiveness – Acquired distinctive character – Conceptual differences – Assessment of likelihood of confusion – Passing off – Appeal to Appointed Person
Endosome Independent ‐ Vesicular Transport and Targeting of the Leishmania RNA Import Complex to Mammalian Mitochondria in Vivo and in Vitro
Authors: MUKHERJEE JOYITA , MAHATO Biraj , KOLEY SANDIP , ADHYA SAMIT 
Published: February 2021

The multi subunit RNA Import Complex (RIC) from the protozoal parasite Leishmania tropica is taken up by mammalian cells and trafficked to mitochondria, with functional RNA delivered to the matrix by an unknown mechanism. By live cell imaging of siRNA mediated knockdown cells we showed that intracellular vesicular transport of the ribonuclear protein complex is dependent on caveolin1, dynamin2 and filaminA but independent of components of the endosomal pathway such as EEA1, Rab5 or Rab7. Moreover, mitochondrial targeting was dependent on TOM20 and TOM22, two components of the outer membrane machinery. By immuno‐selection we could distinguish two types of RNA loaded cytoplasmic vesicles, one containing caveolar components and the other lacking them. In vitro, transfer of RNP from the caveolin negative transport vesicles to mitochondria was dependent on ATP and on TOM22. RIC was transferred to TOM20 deficient mitochondrial membrane but the RNA was not imported into the matrix. These results imply that (1) endosomes are not involved in RIC trafficking and novel interactions between vesicle associated RIC and (2) TOM20 and TOM22 are required for transfer and positioning of RIC on the mitochondrial surface.Supported By: Project Bend of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.Ref: Mukherjee, J. (2014). Vesicular transport of a ribonucleoprotein to mitochondria. Biology Open, doi: 10.1242/​bio.20149076.
A 15-Year Follow-up Retrospective Study on 959 Spine Surgeries
Authors: Plazier Mark , Raymaekers Vincent , Bruyneel Luk , Coeckelberghs Ellen , Sermeus Walter , Vanhaecht Kris , Duyvendak Wim 
Published: February 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective study.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the patient flow and need for additional surgery after first-time lower back surgery. Next, we analyzed the patients who developed chronic low back pain (LBP) and were treated with spinal cord stimulation.

Summary of Background Data:
LBP has a lifetime prevalence of 84% and imposes a high economic burden. Treatment is focused on preventing chronic pain. Research has shown the efficacy of treatment options. However, less is known about who benefits the most from which therapy and when they should be positioned in the treatment algorithm.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, data of all patients who underwent first-time surgery from 2000 to 2004 were included. After 10–15 years, patients were contacted about their quality of life (QoL) (EuroQoL-5 Dimension) and life and heath perception (EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale).

Results:
In all, 959 patients underwent surgery at the lower back area. Follow-up time ranged from 13 to 17 years; 225 patients (23.5%) underwent a second surgery. In total, 20 patients (2.1%) developed chronic neuropathic back pain and received spinal cord stimulation therapy. Ten years postsurgery, 438 (45.7%) patients completed the QoL and LBP questionnaires. The health-related QoL and health situation were significantly lower in patients with multiple surgeries (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
The study results indicate that large data sets, with multiple outcome measurements and long-term follow-up are necessary to improve our knowledge and to optimize the therapeutic pathway. In that way, we might learn how to select a patient for the right treatment or treatments at the right moment and shorten the circulation in our health care system.
Renin–angiotensin-system inhibitors and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Bavishi Chirag , Whelton Paul K. , Mancia Giuseppe , Corrao Giovanni , Messerli Franz H. 
Published: February 2021

Aims:
We sought to evaluate the association of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or AT1 blockers (ARB) therapy with clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods and results:
Electronic databases were searched to identify published studies that reported clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 who were or were not taking an ACEI/ARB. We studied all-cause mortality and/or severe disease outcomes. Fully adjusted effect estimates from individual studies were pooled using a random-effects model. In total, 34 (31 cohort-based and three case–control) studies met our eligibility criteria. Due to the inherent differences between cohort and case–control studies, we did not combine results of these studies but used them to identify the consistency of their results. The 31 cohort studies provided outcome data for 87 951 patients with COVID-19, of whom 22 383/83 963 (26.7%) were on ACEI/ARB therapy. In pooled analysis, we found no association between the use of ACEI/ARB and all-cause mortality/severe disease [relative risk: 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86–1.03, I
2 = 57%, P = 0.20] or occurrence of severe disease (relative risk: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.74–1.17, I
2 = 56%, P = 0.55). Analysis of three population-based case–control studies identified no significant association between ACEI/ARB (pooled odds ratio: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.81–1.23, I
2 = 0, P = 0.98) and all-cause mortality/severe disease. In 13 of the 31 cohort studies as well as in three case–control studies that reported outcomes separately for ACEI and ARB, there was no differential effect for mortality/severe disease outcomes.

Conclusion:
In patients with COVID-19, we found no association between ACEI/ARB treatment and mortality/severe disease. ACEI/ARB should not be discontinued, unless clinically indicated.
Optimal blood pressure levels in different phases of peripheral thrombolysis period in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: He Mingli , Wang Hongrui , Tang Yi , Cui Bing , Xu Bingchao , Sun Yongan , Zhang Guanghui , He Xiaobing , Niu Xiaoqin , Wang Bei , Xu Bei , Li Zaipo , Hui Rutai , Wang Yibo 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Dramatic changes of blood pressure (BP) were observed in the peripheral thrombolysis period, however, there is no consensus about BP control targets in the different phases.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied a consecutive sample of 510 patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis and followed-up for 3 months. The peripheral thrombolysis period was divided into these phases: Phase 1 (from onset to thrombolysis), Phase 2 (thrombolysis), Phase 3 (from thrombolysis to 24 h after thrombolysis), and Phase 4 (from 24 h to 7 days after thrombolysis). Patients were divided into quintiles according to mean blood pressure in these phases, respectively. Neurological improvement was evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale score at 3-month after thrombolysis.

Results:
Lower risk of intracerebral hemorrhage within 7 days was found in lower quintiles of SBP (OR = 0.100, 95% CI 0.011–0.887, P = 0.039 in Phase 1 quintile Q1, OR = 0.110, 95% CI 0.012–0.974, P = 0.047 in Phase 2–3 quintile Q1, and OR, 0.175, 95% CI, 0.035–0.872; P = 0.033 in Phase 4 quintile Q2, respectively). Better neurological improvement was found in SBP quintiles: Q2–Q4 (127.3–155.7 mmHg) in Phase 4 (OR = 3.095, 95% CI 1.524–6.286, P = 0.002 for Q2; OR = 2.697, 95% CI 1.354–5.370, P = 0.005 for Q3; and OR = 2.491, 95% CI 1.263–4.913, P = 0.008 for Q4, respectively). Our results also showed higher average real variability of SBP was negatively associated with better neurological outcome in Phase 1 and Phase 2–3.

Conclusions:
Maintaining SBP levels (≤148 mmHg) from admission to the first 24 h after thrombolysis, then keeping SBP levels (127–138 mmHg) would be beneficial.
Psychosocial Factors and Tobacco Use Among Commercial Truck Drivers
Authors: Kagabo Robert , Okuyemi Kola , Eden Emilee , Kapellusch Jay , Murtaugh Maureen A. , Hegmann Kurt T. , Thiese Matthew S. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
To explore the relationships between tobacco, social support, job satisfaction, and depression among truck drivers.

Methods:
Cross-sectional data were collected from 797 truck drivers in six US states. Data collected included self-reported medical history and biological samples. Modified Zung depression scale and Work Apgar scores were used to measure depression and social support. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR).

Results:
24.0% of tobacco users were in the least depressed category and 18.2% were most depressed. 22.8% of the tobacco users had the most social support compared with 27.9% of the non-users. Drivers in the two most depressed categories were significantly less likely to use tobacco (OR = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39–0.96, and OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41–0.99).

Conclusions:
Drivers with low social support or low levels of depression are more likely to be tobacco users.
Critical juncture: The doctor of nursing practice and COVID-19
Authors: Moore Karen S. , Hart Ann Marie 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The year 2020 was one of tremendous challenge and change for our communities and our profession. As the next decade unfolds, the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) will be required for entry to practice as a nurse practitioner (NP), and we will all continue to recover individually and as a nation from the experiences of the year 2020. Doctor of nursing practice–prepared NPs need to be equipped to take the lead in post-COVID recovery and the challenges the US health care system faces through an increased emphasis on curricula and clinical experiences focused on health disparities, community health, and health promotion.
Prediction of expiratory desflurane and sevoflurane concentrations in lung-healthy patients utilizing cardiac output and alveolar ventilation matched pharmacokinetic models
Authors: Weber Jonas , Mißbach Claudia , Schmidt Johannes , Wenzel Christin , Schumann Stefan , Philip James H. , Wirth Steffen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Gas Man simulation software provides an opportunity to teach, understand and examine the pharmacokinetics of volatile anesthetics. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of a cardiac output and alveolar ventilation matched Gas Man model and to compare its predictive performance with the standard pharmacokinetic model using patient data.
Therefore, patient data from volatile anesthesia were successively compared to simulated administration of desflurane and sevoflurane for the standard and a parameter-matched simulation model with modified alveolar ventilation and cardiac output. We calculated the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) between measured and calculated induction, maintenance and elimination and the expiratory decrement times during emergence and recovery for the standard and the parameter-matched model.
During induction, RMSDs for the standard Gas Man simulation model were higher than for the parameter-matched Gas Man simulation model [induction (desflurane), standard: 1.8 (0.4) % Atm, parameter-matched: 0.9 (0.5) % Atm., P = .001; induction (sevoflurane), standard: 1.2 (0.9) % Atm, parameter-matched: 0.4 (0.4) % Atm, P = .029]. During elimination, RMSDs for the standard Gas Man simulation model were higher than for the parameter-matched Gas Man simulation model [elimination (desflurane), standard: 0.7 (0.6) % Atm, parameter-matched: 0.2 (0.2) % Atm, P = .001; elimination (sevoflurane), standard: 0.7 (0.5) % Atm, parameter-matched: 0.2 (0.2) % Atm, P = .008]. The RMSDs during the maintenance of anesthesia and the expiratory decrement times during emergence and recovery showed no significant differences between the patient and simulated data for both simulation models.
Gas Man simulation software predicts expiratory concentrations of desflurane and sevoflurane in humans with good accuracy, especially when compared to models for intravenous anesthetics. Enhancing the standard model by ventilation and hemodynamic input variables increases the predictive performance of the simulation model. In most patients and clinical scenarios, the predictive performance of the standard Gas Man simulation model will be high enough to estimate pharmacokinetics of desflurane and sevoflurane with appropriate accuracy.
Salvia miltiorrhiza improves type 2 diabetes
Authors: Guo Ying , Sun Jianfeng , Zhang Renyan , Yang Peng , Zhang Sanyin , Wu Zhipeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
Diabetes refers to any group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar and generally thought to be caused by insufficient production of insulin, impaired response to insulin. Globally, patients with type 2 diabetes account for more than 85% of the total diabetic patients, and due to factors, such as obesity, aging, environment and lifestyle, the incidence of diabetes is rising. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) is a medicine used to treat diabetes in China. In recent years, it has been reported that SM has the effect of improving type 2 diabetes. However, there is no systematic review of its efficacy and safety yet. Therefore, we propose a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SM for T2D.

Methods:
Six databases will be searched: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biological Medicine (CBM), China Scientific Journals Database (CSJD), Wanfang database, PubMed, and EMBASE. The information is searched from January 2010 to July 2020. Languages are limited to English and Chinese. The primary outcomes include 2 hour plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and fasting plasma insulin. The secondary outcomes include clinical efficacy and adverse events.

Results:
This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion:
This systematic review provides evidence as to whether Salvia miltiorrhiza is effective and safe for type 2 diabetes.

Ethics:
Ethical approval is not necessary as this protocol is only for systematic review and does not involve in privacy data or an animal experiment.

Systematic review registration:
INPLASY2020110046.
Effect of advanced nursing care on psychological disorder in hypertensive retinopathy of pregnancy
Authors: Wang Xiao-fang , Liu Lin-juan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
This study will assess the effect of advanced nursing care (ANC) on psychological disorder (PD) in hypertensive retinopathy of pregnancy (HTRP).

Methods:
This study will search electronic databases from inception to the present (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO, CNKI, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database), and other sources. All literature sources will be searched without limitations to language and study status. All eligible case-controlled study (CCS) will be included in this study. Two authors will independently carry out literature selection, data collection, and study quality assessment. Any confusion will be solved by a third author through discussion. Statistical analysis will be conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. In addition, a narrative synthesis will be elaborated if it is necessary.

Results:
This study will summarize most recent high quality evidence to appraise the effect of ANC on PD in HTRP.

Conclusion:
The results of this study will seek to identify the effect of ANC on PD in HTRP among pregnancy population.

OSF registration:
osf.io/hgp93.
The effect of a micro-visual intervention on the accelerated recovery of patients with kinesiophobia after total knee replacement during neo-coronary pneumonia
Authors: Lu Guanzhen , Wu Tingting , Tan Qin , Wu Zhe , Shi Lingmei , Zhong Yan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
The global neo-coronary pneumonia epidemic has increased the workload of healthcare institutions in various countries and directly affected the physical and psychological recovery of the vast majority of patients requiring hospitalization in China. We anticipate that post-total knee arthroplasty kinesiophobia may have an impact on patients’ postoperative pain scores, knee function, and ability to care for themselves in daily life. The purpose of this study is to conduct a micro-video intervention via WeChat to verify the impact of this method on the rapid recovery of patients with kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty during neo-coronary pneumonia.

Methods:
Using convenience sampling method, 78 patients with kinesiophobia after artificial total knee arthroplasty who met the exclusion criteria were selected and randomly grouped, with the control group receiving routine off-line instruction and the intervention group receiving micro-video intervention, and the changes in the relevant indexes of the two groups of patients at different time points on postoperative day 1, 3 and 7 were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
There were no statistical differences in the scores of kinesiophobia, pain, knee flexion mobility (ROM) and ability to take care of daily life between the two groups on the first postoperative day (P > .05). On postoperative day 3 and 7, there were statistical differences in Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia, pain, activities of daily living scale score and ROM between the two groups (P < .01), and the first time of getting out of bed between the two groups (P < .05), and by repeated-measures ANOVA, there were statistically significant time points, groups and interaction effects of the outcome indicators between the 2 groups (P < .01), indicating that the intervention group reconstructed the patients’ postoperative kinesiophobiaand hyperactivity. The level of pain awareness facilitates the patient's acquisition of the correct functional exercises to make them change their misbehavior.

Conclusions:
WeChat micro-video can reduce the fear of movement score and pain score in patients with kinesiophobia after unilateral total knee arthroplasty, shorten the first time out of bed, and improve their joint mobility and daily living ability.

Ethics:
This study has passed the ethical review of the hospital where it was conducted and has been filed, Ethics Approval Number: 20181203-01.
Hydronephrosis in patients with cervical cancer is an indicator of poor outcome
Authors: Yang You-Rong , Chen Szu-Ju , Yen Pin-Yeh , Huang Chi-Ping , Chiu Lu-Ting , Lin Wu-Chou , Chen Huey-Yi , Chen Yung-Hsiang , Chen Wen-Chi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common malignancy in women. The presence of hydronephrosis in patients with cervical cancer can be a challenging clinical problem. The appropriate management of these patients and the prediction of their outcomes are concerns among gynecologists, urologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and nephrologists. We enrolled a total of 2225 patients with cervical cancer over a 12-year period from the nationwide database of Taiwan's National Health Insurance Bureau. Among them, 445 patients had concomitant hydronephrosis. The remaining 1780 patients without hydronephrosis were randomly enrolled as a control group for the analysis of associated factors. The results indicated that the proportions of patients with hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes were significantly higher in the hydronephrosis group. The hydronephrosis group showed a higher all-cause mortality than the non-hydronephrosis group (adjusted hazard ratio 3.05, 95% confidence interval 2.24–4.15, P < .001). The rates of nephrectomy and stone disease were also significantly higher in the hydronephrosis group. A higher percentage of other cancers was also observed in the hydronephrosis group than in the non-hydronephrosis group (12.36% vs 8.99%, respectively). This study shows that cervical cancer with hydronephrosis may have a higher morbidity and mortality than cervical cancer without hydronephrosis. Other factors such as human papilloma virus vaccination, smoking, and cancer staging need to be further studied.
Severe neonatal Marfan syndrome with a novel mutation in the intron of the FBN1 gene
Authors: Yoon Su Hyun , Kong Younghwa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Marfan syndrome (MFS) has been defined as a genetic disorder that affects various systems such as the musculoskeletal, orbital, and cardiovascular systems. Neonatal MFS is considered rare and the most severe form of MFS is characterized by rapidly progressive atrioventricular valve dysfunction, often leading to death during early childhood due to congestive heart failure.

Patient concerns:
A newborn with neonatal MFS and severe cardiac involvement. He presented various severe clinical features such as arachnodactyly, camptodactyly, elbow and knee joint contracture, senile facial appearance, and deep settling with down-slanting palpebral fissure, hypoplastic ear cartilage, sagging mouth, brachycephaly, and ectopia lentis.

Diagnosis:
Genetic analysis revealed a novel mutation at nucleotide 3964 (c.3964 + 1 G > T) in intron 32 of the fibrillin-1 gene. This mutation is identified to be in the so-called neonatal region of fibrillin-1 exon 24 to 32, as reported previously.

Interventions:
The patient was managed medically for improving the low cardiac output according to severe mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation. Afterload reduction, full sedation, and use of diuretic were attempted to improve the oliguria and heart failure.

Outcomes:
Despite the medical management, aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac contractility got worse. Surgical treatment is essential to prolong the patient's life, however, considerations for the grave progression of the disease make families decide to continue palliative care instead of surgical treatment. A few months after birth, he presented with rapidly progressive aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, and congestive heart failure leading to death.

Conclusions:
This review demonstrated the prominent characteristics of neonatal MFS mutations, it would be helpful for the recognition of novel neonatal MFS variants and valuable for the understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlations and using the plans for managements and counseling in neonatal MFS.