bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence and Spatial Distribution of Toxoplasmosis in Relation to Various Risk Factors in Small Ruminants of Punjab, India
Authors: Pandit Deeksha , Bal Mandeep Singh , Kaur Paramjit , Singla L.D. , Mahajan Vishal , Setia R.K. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory apicomplexan, intracellular, ubiquitous, eurykaryotic zoonotic pathogen that infects all warm blooded animals and recognized worldwide as one of major causes of infectious abortions and reproductive failure in small ruminants Methods: In the present study, 823 small ruminants (245 sheep, 578 goats) evaluated for T. gondii infection by ELISA to explore seroprevalence and spatial distribution of toxoplasmosis from different agro-climatic zones of Punjab. Result: A high seroprevalence (40.58%) of T. gondii recorded in small ruminants being higher in sheep (42.85%) than goat (39.60%). Seropositivity of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goat with history of abortion was found to be 63.80 and 50.00%, respectively. Goats with the history of abortion were 1.72 times more at risk (Cl =1.15-2.56) to T. gondii infection as compared to animals without the history of abortion (Cl =0.39-0.86). Similarly, sheep with the history of abortion were 2.74 times more at risk (Cl =1.31-5.71) to toxoplasmosis as compared to sheep without abortion history (Cl= 0.17-0.76). Goat and sheep farms with frequent access to cats were 2.03 times (CI =1.05-3.90) and 4.04 times (Cl =1.78-9.14) more at risk, as compared to farms with limited cats access. Spatial distribution and predictive seroprevalence analysis indicate possible risk of toxoplasmosis in whole of the state with higher possibility of disease in agroclimatic zones III, IV and V.
Pengembangan Label Pintar untuk Indikator Kesegaran Daging Sapi pada Kemasan
Authors: Nurfawaidi Arjun , Kuswandi Bambang , Wulandari Lestyo 
Published: June 2021

Meat is a high nutritional food that rich of protein, fat, and sugar. Smart label has been applied as a beef freshness detector. Two types of pH indicator have been used i.e bromocresol purple (BCP) and methyl red (MR) as dual indicator freshness. The objective of this research was to determine the beef freshness using smart label at room temperature. The color change of the smart label was examined by imageJ software to determine the freshness degree using the mean RGB value. The beef was examined every 2 hours for pH and total volatile base (TVB-N) analysis during the 24 hours storage at room temperature. The result showed that color indicator will change according to the beef freshness, bromocresol purple turned from yellow to purple (mean RGB 171.465 ± 1.122) and methyl red turned from red to yellow (mean RGB 162.082 ± 1.315). The beef freshness at room temperature decreased as the pH increase from 5.61 to 6.23 along with the color change of smart label. Furthermore, the color would change when 0.022 %N of TVB-N has been reached. Therefore, the beef freshness can be determined by using smart label based on dual indicator of bromocresol purple and methyl red in room temperature.

Keywords: beef freshness, smart label, pH, TVB
Optimasi Formula Tablet Effervescent Dispersi Padat Meloksikam Menggunakan Desain Faktorial
Authors: Sari Lusia Oktora Ruma Kumala , Berlianti Tiara , Irawan Eka Deddy 
Published: June 2021

An effervescent tablet of meloxicam solid dispersion has been developed for geriatric patients who have difficulty swallowing. The objective of this research was to know the optimum concentration of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate which produce the best effervescent tablet. A 2² factorial design was applied to investigate the effect of two factors: concentration of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate (effervescent materials) on hardness, dissolve time, and %drug released t30. Citric acid (6-18 mg) was used as acid source and sodium bicarbonate (18-105 mg) was used as base source. Software Design Expert trial version 10.0.5. was used to determine the optimum formula. The result showed that all formula satisfied the limit of hardness 2-4 kg/cm2 and friability <1%, but only formula (1), b, and ab that satisfied the limit of dissolve time <300 sec and %drug release t30 >70%. Formula A showed dissolve time 436 sec and %drug release t30 less than 70%. Desirability value of 0.917, which indicated the optimum formula, was obtained from the use of citric acid 6 mg and sodium bicarbonate 105 mg.

Keywords: meloxicam, effervescent tablet, solid dispersion, factorial design
Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Teh Hitam dan Teh Hijau secara In Vitro Menggunakan Metode Inhibisi Enzim α-Glukosidase
Authors: Holidah Diana , Yasmin Yasmin , Christianty Fransiska Maria 
Published: June 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Carbohydrates are metabolized into glucose, in gastrointestinal tract than absorbed into the bloodstream and increase blood glucose level. This absorption process is catalyzed by α-glucosidase enzyme. Previous studies showed that tea (Camellia sinensis) extract have antidiabetic activity in mice induced by streptozotocin. The aim of this study was to compared the in vitro activity of tea extract in inhibiting α-glucosidase. Black tea and green trea extracts were tested for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Acarbose was used as positive control. IC50 extract was 54.86 µg/mL for black tea and 44.79 µg/mL for green tea. This study showed that inhibitory effect of green tea was higher than black tea.

Keywords: black tea, green tea, diabetes mellitus, α-glucosidase
Efektivitas Ekstrak Artemisia vulgaris L. sebagai Hepatoprotektor pada sel-sel Hati Tikus yang Diinduksi Niasin
Authors: Rahmawati Laily , Sulistyaningsih Erma , Dewi Rosita 
Published: June 2021

The niacin in energy drinks has metabolic product that cause oxidative stress and liver damage, while the liver damage can be prevented by hepatoprotective agents. Scoparone in Artemisia vulgaris L. can act as a hepatoprotector by its antioxidant effect. This study aimed to investigate the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract as a hepatoprotector in wistar hepatocytes induced by niacin. This study used 25 male rats which were divided into 5 groups: normal, the negative control, the positive control, the treatment group I, and II. Treatment was conducted for 28 days. The samples were terminated and the hepatocyte were prepared for histological examination. Histological appearance was catagorized as mild, moderate, and severe damage with or without inflamatory cells activity. The data analysis by Kruskal Wallis showed significant difference (p<0,001). Further analysis by Mann Whitney revealed significantly difference (p<0,05) between normal group and all groups, negative control group and positive control group, and positive control group and treatment group I, but not significantly difference between negative control group and treatment group I, negative control group and treatment group II, positive control group and treatment group II, and between treatment groups. The study concluded that the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract has not been proven as a hepatoprotector but further study is needed to draw a definite conclusion.

Keywords: energy drink, niacin, Artemisia vulgaris L., hepatoprotector
Pengaruh Relaksasi Aromaterapi Jasmine terhadap Kualitas Tidur pada Lansia di Karang Werdha
Authors: Putri Mahda Febriyanti Eka Pertiwi , Murtaqib Murtaqib , Hakam Mulia 
Published: June 2021

During the quality of sleep the elderly is good, some changes that will occur to the elderly arenormal as well, but if not, it will cause health problems. This research aims to analyze theeffect of jasmine aromatherapy relaxation on sleeping quality to the elderly at elderlyassociation in Jenggawah Jember. This research used quasy experimental design methodwith pre-post test and control group design. Sleeping quality was measured using a PSQIquestionnaire and interventions which were given for 28 days. The result of dependent t testshowed no significant difference on the average score of control group (p value = 1,000).While in the intervention group there was a decrease in the mean score of PSQI after beinggiven jasmine aromatherapy relaxation, so that there was a significant difference in sleepingquality of the intervention group (p value = 0,001). Independent t tests showed significantdifferences between the control group and the intervention group after jasmine aromatherapyrelaxation (p value = 0,001). Overall, jasmine aromatherapy relaxation can improve sleepingquality in the elderly, so that jasmine aromatherapy relaxation may be used as an alternativenon-pharmacological treatment which has no adverse side effects compared to the use oflong-term sleeping pills that would give negative side effects to its users.
Keywords: aromatherapy, sleeping quality, elderly.
A Call for a Standardized Approach to Reporting Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Orr Melissa N. , Klika Alison K. , Gagnier Joel J. , Bhandari Mohit , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
A shift toward a value-driven health-care model has made prospective collection of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) inextricably tied to measuring the success of orthopaedic surgery and patient satisfaction. While progress has been made in optimizing the utilization of PROM data, including establishing appropriate PROMs for a procedure and determining the clinical importance of unique tools, if these PROMs are not accurately analyzed and reported, a proportion of patients who do not reach the clinical thresholds may go unnoticed. Furthermore, parameters are unclear for setting a statistically and clinically important PROM threshold along with a minimum period for follow-up data collection.
In this forum, we walk through simulated data sets modeling PROMs with the example of total joint arthroplasty. We discuss how the commonly used method of reporting PROMs by mean change can overestimate the treatment effects for the cohort as a whole and fail to capture distinct populations that are below a clinically relevant threshold. We demonstrate that when a study’s outcome is PROMs, clinical importance should be reported using clinical thresholds such as the minimum clinically important difference (MCID), the smallest change in the treatment outcome that a patient perceives as beneficial, and the patient acceptable symptom state (PASS), the highest level of symptoms beyond which a patient considers himself or herself well. Finally, we propose a standardized reporting of PROMs that incorporates both the MCID and the PASS, and introduce a “clinical relevance ratio,” which relies on a clinically relevant threshold to dichotomize outcomes and reports the number of patients achieving clinical importance at a given time point divided by the total number of patients included in the study. Unlike other common PROM-reporting approaches, the clinical relevance ratio is not skewed by patients who are lost to follow-up with increased time.
Diffuse Recalcitrant Osteomyelitis and Joint Septicemia Because of Bowel Perforation Secondary to Gunshot Injury
Authors: Ruckle David E. , Rajfer Rebecca , Johnson Joseph P. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
A previously healthy 22-year-old man was brought into the emergency department after sustaining a low-velocity, civilian gunshot wound to the abdomen that perforated the bowel. Over the next 300 days, he would be admitted and discharged multiple times, requiring a total of 48 debridements, 23 different antimicrobials in 81 unique combinations, and had 18 different microbes cultured from various sites in bone, joint, and blood. Multiorganism bacteremia and fungemia culminated in above-knee amputation because of progression of infection, all in a nonimmunocompromised host.

Conclusion:
Despite following clinical guidelines, patients can still fail evidence-based treatment algorithms. A humbling reminder is that medicine is never one-size-fits-all.
The Effect of a Distal Centralizer on Cemented Femoral Stems in Arthroplasty Shown on Radiographs and SPECT/CT
Authors: Beel Wouter , Klaeser Bernd , Kalberer Fabian , Meier Christoph , Wahl Peter 
Published: June 2021

Case:
A 70-year-old female patient underwent total hip arthroplasty (HA) using a stem cemented line-to-line without centralizer. Postoperatively, she complained of load-dependent thigh pain. Conventional radiographs identified cortical overload because of a distal cement mantle discontinuity at the level of the stem's tip, confirmed by single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography scan (SPECT/CT). After cement-in-cement revision using a stem with centralizer, pain ceased rapidly. The cortical overload disappeared, as confirmed on a following SPECT/CT performed for low back pain.

Conclusion:
In HA, the stem's tip may cause overload on the bone's cortex if the cement mantle is incomplete. Implanting a stem with centralizer avoids or cures this.
Early Postoperative Pneumonia After Elective Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in “COVID-19 Survivor”
Authors: Brodell James D. , Neumaier Mackenzie , Ricciardi Benjamin F. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
A 57-year-old woman with a history of COVID-19 pneumonia, myelodysplastic syndrome, type II diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis underwent elective total hip arthroplasty 3 months after her COVID-19 infection had clinically resolved. Her postoperative course was complicated by COVID-19-negative pneumonia within 24 hours postoperatively requiring ICU admission.

Conclusion:
Patients who have previously recovered from COVID-19 infection may have long-lasting cardiopulmonary effects that may be asymptomatic. Further assessment of postoperative risk and guidance on preoperative evaluation of COVID-19 “survivors” is needed.
Double-walled Pipe Preparation by Tensile Method and Experimental Verification of Safety
Authors: Zhang Ruogu , Zan Xiang , Zhu Yinbo , Wu HengAn , Gu Ping , Zhao Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Double-walled metal pipe is a special kind of pipe that maintains both heat transfer function and safety. In this paper, a method of fabricating double-walled pipes using tensile stresses is presented. The residual stress of the experimental sample was measured by X-ray diffraction. The behavior of pre-cracked pipes under axial compression was tested both experimentally and simulatively. The buckling deformation of the pipe causes the outer pipe to bulge up at the crack and separate from the inner pipe. The experimental results demonstrated this method can be used to construct effective double-walled pipes with properties that prevent cracks from penetrating the interface between the two layers of pipe.
Air quality trade-offs of a rapid expansion of personal electric vehicles in China
Authors: Chossiere Guillaume , Eastham Sebastian , Jenn Alan , Allroggen Florian , Barrett Steven 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In China, replacing gasoline cars with electric vehicles (EVs) is at the center of a strategy to reduce air pollution and CO2 emissions from transportation. Previous estimates of the benefits of vehicle electrification quantified the impact of EV use on on-road and power generation emissions only, thereby neglecting gasoline production. This study presents the first “use-cycle” analysis of EVs in China, including changes in emissions from transportation, power generation, and oil refineries. We use the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry transport model to quantify how each sector contributes to the net impacts of EV use on air pollution (PM2.5 and ozone) in China. We find that the projected growth in EV usage by the end of 2020 results in ~1,900 (95% CI: 1,600–2,200) avoided premature mortalities annually and a 2.4 Mton decrease in CO2 emissions. 70% of the total reduction in mortality is due to avoided refinery emissions. As refinery emissions become more tightly regulated, our work implies that the power generation sector must also become cleaner for EVs to remain beneficial.
Neurotoxicity and Neuroinflammatory Effects of Bisphenol A in Male Rats. The Neuroprotective Role of Grape Seeds Proanthocyanidins
Authors: Eweda Saber Mohamed , Abdou Heba M. , Elkader Heba-Tallah Abd Elrahim Abd , El-Gendy Amel H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) contributes to neurological disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood. We studied the neurotoxic effect of BPA and how it promotes inflammation and alteration in the neurotransmission synthesis, release and transmission. This study was also designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE) against BPA-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Rats were equally divided into 4 group with 7 rats in each as follows: control group, BPA group, GSPE + BPA group and GSPE group. Rats were orally treated with their respective doses (50 mg BPA/kg BW and/or 200 mg GSPE/kg BW) daily for 70 days. BPA elicits significant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) associated with significant reduction in glutathione (GSH), total thiols, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). BPA exposure result in increased dopamine and serotonin levels, elevation in acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity and reduction in Na/K-ATPase and total ATPase activities in the brain. Also, BPA induces upregulation in the gene expression of the inflammatory markers; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and in the tumor suppressor and pro-oxidant p53 protein. The pretreatment with GSPE attenuate or ameliorate all the oxidative and neurotoxic parameters induced by BPA. Our results suggest that GSPE has a promising role in modulating BPA-induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity and its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities may in part be responsible for such effects.
Effects of Different Interfacial Modifiers on the Properties of Digital Printing Waste Paper Fiber/Nano-Crystalline Cellulose/Poly (Lactic Acid) Composites*
Authors: zhang xiaolin , Di Jingjing , Li Jia , Li Shaoge , Duan Jingting , Lv Jinyan , Wang Yi , Zhu Xiaofeng , Xu Long 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Digital printing waste paper fiber/nano-crystalline cellulose/poly (lactic acid) (DPF/NCC/PLA) composites, modified through γ-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane (KH570), isopropyl tri (dioctylpyrophosphate) titanate (TMC201), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000), and a composite silane coupling agent (KH570/PEG6000), were fabricated by melt blending and injection molding and the effects of different modifiers on the properties of composites were studied. Results showed that mechanical properties of the modified composites generally improved, and the best mechanical properties, including flexural, tensile and impact strength, were achieved PEG6000, KH570/PEG6000, and KH570 modification, respectively. Thermal performance analysis showed improved thermal properties of composites treated by KH570, but the crystallinity of the modified materials was increased. Both water absorption and degradation properties showed a decreasing trend, and water absorption performance was obviously improved after KH570/PEG6000 modification. Under the action of several modifiers, the diffusion coefficient, thermodynamic solubility and permeability of composites were reduced to varying degrees. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that interfacial adhesion and composite compatibility were improved with significantly fewer and smaller pores, as well as a fuzzy boundary among the three phases.
Effectiveness and Safety of the Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation – Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Vieira Ana Paula Gadanhoto , Duarte Bruno Kosa Lino , Urquisa Priscila Silva , Lima Maria Helena Melo , Alves Daniela Fernanda dos Santos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedure involves the preparation or conditioning phase, hematopoietic stem cell infusion, bone marrow aplasia, and haematopoiesis recovery. In all phases of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the patient must remain with a short or long term central venous catheter, which must prove to be effective and safe for intravenous therapy. The study aim is to assess whether the peripherally inserted central catheter is effective and safe for patients with hematologic neoplasms undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in comparison with other short or long-term central venous catheters.MethodsThis review will follow the recommendations of the PRISMA for systematic review protocols and the results of the steps will be presented through the flow diagram. The search strategy aims to locate both published and unpublished studies, and the databases to be searched include Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, EPISTEMONIKOS, Scopus, and Virtual Health Library. There will be no restriction on the period of publication, study design, or language. The review will consider studies that include adult and paediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The studies considered for intervention will be those that compared the use of a peripherally inserted central catheter, compared with other central catheters, and that evaluated removal of the catheter by the completion of therapy and catheter days. We will consider experimental and observational studies, published in any language and time period. The studies will be screened and those meeting the inclusion criteria will be retained for assessment of methodology and data extraction by two independent researchers. The data will be presented using a narrative synthesis and the studies pooled with a statistical meta-analysis, where possible.DiscussionThis systematic review will address an important clinical doubt by increasing our understanding of the effectiveness and safety of the peripherally inserted central catheter use for patients with oncohematological diseases undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Systematic review registrationCRD42020206709.
Evaluation of Mucosal Immunity in Chickens Vaccinated With Oral Pellet Newcastle Disease Vaccine
Authors: S Varalakshmi , Kirubaharan John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Newcastle disease outbreak in chickens is a continuing threat to the poultry industry. Infection with Newcastle disease is greatly influenced by the immune status of the birds. The mucosal immunity plays a major role in the local immune response in the protection of chickens against diseases. This study was undertaken to find the efficacy of thermostable live oral pellet vaccine in developing the mucosal immunity in chickens. Samples were collected from Harderian gland, Lachrymal fluid, Tracheal fluid, Intestinal washings, Bile and Serum of chickens after administration of oral pellet vaccine to detect presence of NDV specific IgA antibodies. Results showed that there is significant increase in the immune response after one week post vaccination with no significant difference between 14 and 21 days after vaccine. There exists significant difference in Mean OD values between samples of Harderian, Lachrymal, Trachea, Intestine, Bile and serum with bile found to have increased IgA response. Challenge experiment results showed that oral pellet vaccine was able to protect chickens against virus challenge by increasing the mucosal immunity against Newcastle disease.