bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into rotational (de-)excitation of protonated tricarbon monoxide (HC3O+) by collision with helium atoms at low temperature
Authors: Jrad Abdelhak , Naouai Manel 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
New 2D potential energy surface (2D-PES) of interaction between protonated tricarbon monoxide (HC3O+) in its electronic ground state (X1Σ+) and helium (He) atoms is generated. The ab initio 2D-PES is computed by adopting explicitly correlated coupled cluster approach with single, double, and perturbative triple excitation (CCSD(T)-F12a) connected to augmented-correlation consistent-polarized valence triple zeta (aVTZ) Gaussian basis set. A global minimum at (θ = 80°, R = 5.6 bohr) with a well depth of 135.67 cm−1 and a local minimum at (θ = 180°, R = 9.95 bohr) with a well depth of 113.39 cm−1 are obtained. Rotational cross-sections of propynol cation HC3O+ induced by collision with He atoms are performed involving the 11 first rotational levels for total energy up till 150 cm−1, to be under the first vibrational mode, via coupled states (CS) approach. Thermal rate coefficients are then calculated for temperature until 25 K. No clear propensity rules are obtained where |ΔJ| = 1 processes predominate.
Searching for nova shells around cataclysmic variables – II. A second campaign
Authors: Sahman D I , Dhillon V S 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We report on our second campaign to search for old nova shells around cataclysmic variables (CVs). Our aim was to test the theory that nova eruptions cause cycles in the mass transfer rates of CVs. These mass transfer cycles change the behaviour of CVs during their intereruption periods. We examined Hα images of 47 objects and found no new shells around any of the targets. Combining our latest results with those of our previous campaign (Sahman et al.), and the searches by Schmidtobreick et al. and Pagnotta & Zurek, we estimate that the nova-like phase of the mass transfer cycle lasts ∼3000 yr.
Metallohelix vectors for efficient gene delivery via cationic DNA nanoparticles
Authors: Malina Jaroslav , Kostrhunova Hana , Novohradsky Vojtech , Scott Peter , Brabec Viktor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The design of efficient and safe gene delivery vehicles remains a major challenge for the application of gene therapy. Of the many reported gene delivery systems, metal complexes with high affinity for nucleic acids are emerging as an attractive option. We have discovered that certain metallohelices—optically pure, self-assembling triple-stranded arrays of fully encapsulated Fe—act as nonviral DNA delivery vectors capable of mediating efficient gene transfection. They induce formation of globular DNA particles which protect the DNA from degradation by various restriction endonucleases, are of suitable size and electrostatic potential for efficient membrane transport and are successfully processed by cells. The activity is highly structure-dependent—compact and shorter metallohelix enantiomers are far less efficient than less compact and longer enantiomers.
Structural and biochemical characterization of human Schlafen 5
Authors: Metzner Felix J , Huber Elisabeth , Hopfner Karl-Peter , Lammens Katja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Schlafen family belongs to the interferon-stimulated genes and its members are involved in cell cycle regulation, T cell quiescence, inhibition of viral replication, DNA-repair and tRNA processing. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of full-length human Schlafen 5 (SLFN5) and the high-resolution crystal structure of the highly conserved N-terminal core domain. We show that the core domain does not resemble an ATPase-like fold and neither binds nor hydrolyzes ATP. SLFN5 binds tRNA as well as single- and double-stranded DNA, suggesting a potential role in transcriptional regulation. Unlike rat Slfn13 or human SLFN11, human SLFN5 did not cleave tRNA. Based on the structure, we identified two residues in proximity to the zinc finger motif that decreased DNA binding when mutated. These results indicate that Schlafen proteins have divergent enzymatic functions and provide a structural platform for future biochemical and genetic studies.
Job search, unemployment protection, and informal work
Authors: Long Iain W , Polito Vito 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInformal work is a significant feature of labour markets in many developed countries, despite having unemployment protection (UP) programmes. We use a model of job search over the duration of unemployment to study how the structure of these programmes influences the incentive of the unemployed to engage in informal work while searching for formal jobs. Accounting for informality enables the model to jointly explain three known features on job search dynamics: a temporary re-employment spike, low search effort, and negative duration dependence. The quantitative analysis finds that both informality and unemployment can be reduced by redistributing (across either workers or programmes), rather than increasing, the overall UP budget.
Diaspora in Modern Jewish Thought
Authors: Pianko Noam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the broad contours of concepts of diaspora in modern Jewish thought. Philosophers, intellectuals, religious thinkers, and non-Zionist nationalists who disagreed on the ideal political structure for Jewish collective life (including Moses Mendelssohn, Hermann Cohen, Franz Rosenzweig, Simon Dubnow, Hannah Arendt, Mordecai Kaplan, and Horace Kallen) shared a commitment to diaspora as a value, rather than just a fact, of modern Jewish life. Yet the emergence of the terminology of diaspora in tandem with the rise of nationalism and Zionism shaped the theoretical evolution of diaspora as the binary opposite to homeland and statist visions of Jewish identity. As a result, seminal Zionist theorists deeply critical of diaspora life, such as Theodor Herzl, Achad Ha’am, and David Ben-Gurion, also had a key role in framing the significance of diaspora. Modern theories of diaspora internalized and contested the privileged position of territory and sovereignty demanded by the rise of nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The Ashkenazic Diaspora of Early Modern Central Europe
Authors: Teplitsky Joshua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter uses theories of diaspora—which transcend narrative of origins/dispersal and explore instead synchronic ties between multiple centers—to examine phenomena of Jewish cultural and social life in Central Europe during the early modern period (ca. 1500–1800), an geo-cultural association that was captured by the term “Ashkenaz.” Using examples from print culture, social history, and epistolary exchanges, it argues that Jews occupied a position of “variant-participants”—at once participating in wider social, intellectual, and cultural trends and translating those trends into a particular idiom with a distinctly Jewish inflection, shaped both by relationship to past texts and traditions and to other Jewish communities both within and outside of Central Europe. Considering the accommodations of diaspora existence, which creates a “home away from home,” provides a useful lens for conceptualizing the dimensions of Jewish distinctiveness, even while recognizing their local indigeneity, and allows for a consideration of the creation of local practices as well as extra-territorial forms of identification.
Globalizing Diaspora
Authors: Brinkmann Tobias 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Between the 1860s and the early 1920s, more than two million Jews moved from small towns in Eastern Europe to the United States. Smaller groups went to other destinations in the Americas, Western Europe, Palestine, and South Africa. This chapter discusses the background and impact of that mass migration around the world. The global diffusion of Jews from Eastern Europe concentrated in three new Jewish centers: the United States, the Soviet Union, and Israel. The Eastern European Jewish mass migration, however, did not ultimately lead to the formation of a distinct diaspora of Yiddish-speaking Jews, but rather became the driving force behind a dramatic transformation of the Jewish diaspora as a whole. The reasons for this can be explained by several factors: accelerated Jewish assimilation in these centers, the short period of the mass migration, the great diversity of the migrants, and the almost complete destruction of Jewish life and culture in Eastern Europe during the Holocaust.
A New World Babylonia
Authors: Moore Deborah Dash 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the distinctive rise of American Jews as a new center of Jewish culture. It focuses on the conditions in the United States, especially separation of church and state, which encouraged religious creativity, and the genocide of the Holocaust that spurred the transfer of aspects of European religious and intellectual Jewish life. It argues that feminism encouraged women to contribute in vital ways to the creation of Jewish culture that had a profound impact throughout the Jewish world. America has exemplified a new Babylonia, one that would produce influential forms of Judaism shaped by women as well as men.
Saving Soviet Jews and the Future of the Global Jewish Diaspora
Authors: Shneer David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Soviet Jews were once an object of Israeli, American, British, and other Jews’ efforts to get the Soviet government to “free them,” since the borders to the Soviet Union were closed without permission. With the collapse of the country, post-Soviet Jews went from being a group in need of other Jews’ assistance to active subjects of their and others’ destinies. Post-Soviet Jews speak multiple languages and hold dual citizenships, which gives them financial, social, and political capital with which they shape the global Jewish future. They have done so by forming political parties in Israel such as Yisrael ba’aliya to the far right Yisrael beiteinu, whose politics have become mainstream in the Israeli electorate. Wealthy post-Soviet Jews have used their vast financial resources and connections with political power to shape the future. They have done this by donating huge sums of money to cultural institutions and universities as well as by forming large-scale Jewish philanthropic endeavors like the Genesis Philanthropy Group and the Blavatnik Archive to put issues of concern to former Soviet Jews on the global Jewish communal agenda. This has not been without consequences for the future of global Jewish life.
Coin Iconography and Social Practice in the Roman Republic
Authors: Woytek Bernhard E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the images on pre-imperial Roman coinage. It provides a brief outline of the typological development of Roman issues between c. 300 bce and the end of the Republic and discusses coin iconography against the background of political and social changes during this period. Furthermore, the contribution tackles several key questions: Who was responsible for the choice of types on the different urban and imperatorial series, from the beginnings of Roman coinage to the age of Augustus? Why was the typological behavior of Roman Republican denarii exceptional among the coinages of the ancient world? Were the images on the coins intelligible to the people using them? Is specific audience targeting in evidence in the Republican series?
The Iconography of Early Christian Roman Art
Authors: Leatherbury Sean V. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Focusing on works of art produced in the third and early fourth centuries, this chapter considers works in four media—sculpture, painting, mosaic, and textile—in order to illuminate how artists working for Christian patrons adapted and ultimately transformed earlier Roman visual traditions. While some traditional Roman media such as sculpture went out of fashion in the period, iconographies were transferred from three- to two-dimensional forms such as mosaics, which became popular in church interiors. Christian image programs in spaces of worship as well as burial used visual strategies such as typology, the comparison of events from the Old and New Testaments, to present statements of belief, including the hope for salvation after death. Many of the images of “Christian art” were also popular with pagans and Jews but took on particular meanings in the context of spaces used by Christians.
Iconography and Roman Religion
Authors: Rask K. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Roman iconography depicts religious practices, divine figures, mortal worshippers, and beliefs about the gods. Religious imagery reflects the importance of religion in Roman conceptions of the past, the fashioning of self-identity, and discursive practices. Representations of sacred spaces and occasions often emphasize their topographic arrangement within landscapes, giving religious imagery a strong sense of place. Inside sanctuaries, decorative imagery is augmented by iconography that facilitates ritual activity, illustrates cult-specific details, and shapes the experience of visitors. Religious iconography also highlights the contested natures of artifacts as well as the ways images enacted and reacted to social tensions. Although legal experts attempted to categorize the sacrality of images and artifacts, thoughts about an image’s status were mutable and rooted in personal experience and local factors. Many sacred images possessed agentive and talismanic properties, and manifested divine powers and presence.
Imagery in Jewish and Christian Ritual Settings
Authors: Grey Matthew J. , Ellison Mark D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
During the Roman period, Jewish and Christian communities throughout the Mediterranean had a complex relationship with the visual culture of the larger Greco-Roman world. Both groups, in their attempts to be set apart as distinct ethnic or religious entities while at the same time remaining integrated within their surrounding social landscape, expressed themselves in different times and places along a spectrum of selective adoption, adaptation, and rejection of the artistic forms used by their neighbors. For instance, owing to a shared hostility toward pagan idolatry, both communities in the early part of this period largely avoided figural iconography (they instead drew in limited ways upon the non-figural artistic repertoire of local Hellenistic and Roman society), but by later centuries distinctly Jewish and Christian art began to emerge and incorporate a fuller range of Greco-Roman motifs for use in a variety of communal settings.
Iconography and Style in Republican and Early Imperial Art (200 bce to 14 ce)
Authors: Maschek Dominik 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter identifies pertinent trends in the scholarship of late republican and early imperial Roman art, from the early second century bce to the end of the Augustan period. By looking at specific themes and case studies, such as mythological terracottas, historical reliefs, decorative marble statues from elite villas, so-called neoattic art, and honorific as well as funerary portraits, the essentially eclectic nature of artistic themes and styles across a range of media and materials is illustrated. Moreover, based upon these case studies, the chapter explores the relations between stylistic choice and aspects like class, society, and politics. From this it becomes clear that the systematic use of archaizing, classicizing, and Hellenistic styles in the late republican and early imperial period was deeply rooted in a vibrant community of commissioners and artists who acted under the influence of profound sociopolitical transformations in Rome, central Italy, and the wider Mediterranean.
Cultural Criminology and Ethnography
Authors: Ferrell Jeff 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the many dynamics linking cultural criminology and ethnography and outlines the distinctive features of cultural criminological ethnography. The chapter first notes the ethnographic sensibility on which cultural criminology is constructed and summarizes some of the foundational ethnographies in cultural criminology. It next documents the dynamic interplay between ethnography and theory in cultural criminology, especially in regard to the concept of verstehen. The chapter then considers ethnographic innovations in cultural criminology, among them instant ethnography, liquid ethnography, visual ethnography, and autoethnography. A larger innovation is also explicated: cultural criminological employment of ethnography as an alternative epistemology within criminology, and a methodological critique of conventional criminological research. The chapter concludes with two discussions: cultural criminology’s use of ethnographic research findings as counterpoint and corrective to harmful criminal justice policies, and the trajectory of cultural criminological ethnography as it increasingly engages with interdisciplinary approaches, and explores issues of absence, drift, and ephemerality.
Feminist Ethnographies on Crime and Deviance: Contemporary Trends and Contributions to Criminology
Authors: Tillman Korey , Ray Ranita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter reviews the origins of, and contemporary trends in, feminist ethnographies of crime and deviance to highlight how these works have shaped the broader field of criminology. First, this chapter underlines how the Chicago School, post-World War II, facilitated the growth of ethnographies on crime and deviance. Second, it traces the influence of second-wave feminisms and Black feminisms on criminology that challenged White masculinist modes of knowledge production. Next, contemporary works that examine carceral institutions, their collateral consequences, and stigmatized groups are considered for their potential to advance understandings of crime, deviance, and victimization. The chapter concludes by offering directions for future research and a discussion on the policy implications and radical potential of feminist ethnographies of crime and deviance.
Ethnographies of Organized Crime
Authors: Varese Federico 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses how the ethnographic method has been used to study organized crime (OC). The first part defines OC, the mafia, and ethnography. The second section reviews early field studies, and the third focuses on the seminal contribution by W.F. Whyte, Street Corner Society (1943/1993). Whyte has set the model for subsequent ethnographies of OC and the mafia as involving (1) extensive periods in the field, (2) a project that is independent of authorities, (3) developing an intimate knowledge of the place or an organization, (4) the observation of interactions, and (5) a concern for the validity and the reliability of the data collected, including the impact of the ethnographer’s position on the information gathered. The fourth section offers a selective review of subsequent ethnographies of OC which are compared and contrasted with Street Corner Society. The final section discusses risk, the use of official data, the issue of anonymity, “rapid ethnographies,” and the limitations of fieldwork.
Uneasy Relations: Crime Ethnographies and Research Ethics
Authors: Haggerty Kevin D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter accentuates some of the reasons why crime ethnographies can face difficulties with the ethics review process, including prominent issues relating to informed consent, risk and harm, anonymity, and criminal behavior. Universities in most Western countries have established research ethics boards over the past twenty years responsible for assessing the ethical conduct of research. Qualitative research can fit poorly into the largely positivist ethics framework, resulting in an often-frustrating situation for ethnographers seeking to move ahead with their research. One paradox of this situation is that the ethics process itself seems poised to give rise to a subset of academic deviants in the form of crime ethnographers who may find that they are obliged to circumvent or disregard some formal ethical strictures in order to engage in ethnographic practices that otherwise seem uncontroversial or even innocuous.
Ethnographies of Terrorism and Terrorists
Authors: Khade Natasha B. , Decker Scott 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the importance of conducting ethnographic work to study terrorism. It summarizes ethnographic studies conducted in conflict zones across the globe including Ireland, India, Philippines, and Spain. It then follows with a discussion about the lessons learned from these studies. While clearly highlighting the advantages associated with conducting research in conflict zones, the difficulties that may arise with such work are acknowledged. Innovative methods for studying terrorism are also discussed. Specifically, the chapter highlights the usefulness of prison ethnographies to learn more about terrorism and terrorists. This is followed by a review of our own experiences of doing fieldwork with ex-inmates in order to understand the radicalization process in prisons. Finally, the policy implications of ethnographies and directions for future research are provided.
The Police
Authors: Holdaway Simon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter interrogates the contemporary dominance of a “What Works” approach in studies of the police. It examines and finds wanting the methodological and theoretical foundations of this orientation. Instead, it argues that researchers should begin with an understanding of human beings, adopting research methods resonating with their conclusion. Ethnography is based on the meanings human beings attribute to the social world; it is concerned with a systematic, detailed description and analysis of the police and policing. After this introduction, major ethnographic studies of the police are discussed, and their main findings analyzed. Studies conducted beyond Anglo-American societies are covered. Each study reveals a key feature of policing that would not have been identified if ethnographic, participatory methods had not been used. The consequences of each finding for policing and for academic knowledge are discussed briefly, and somewhat ironically, key implications for police policy are considered.
“You Have No Idea What We Do”: Correctional Officers, Mental Health, and Prison Ethnography
Authors: Schultz William J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Correctional officers occupy key positions of power and influence in prisons, yet experience massive stress and perceive themselves as vulnerable. Existing research outlines the significant mental health challenges officers face, but there is limited information on exactly how mental health concerns influence officer behavior on a day-to-day basis. I draw on ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews with 131 Canadian provincial correctional officers, to demonstrate that stress, perceptions of vulnerability, and tension between management and staff strongly influence officer behavior. My participants outline common officer narratives relating to mental health, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and even suicide. In addition, a portion of officers describe using substances to manage stress. I detail how these narratives influence officer behavior toward prisoners, managers, other officers, and people outside prison. I conclude by examining existing mental health programming for officers and assess what steps correctional administrators can take to address common concerns.