bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic profile of mutual subunit control in a heteromeric receptor
Authors: Schirmeyer Jana , Hummert Sabine , Eick Thomas , Schulz Eckhard , Schwabe Tina , Ehrlich Gunter , Kukaj Taulant , Wiegand Melanie , Sattler Christian , Schmauder Ralf , Zimmer Thomas , Kosmalla Nisa , Münch Jan , Bonus Michele , Gohlke Holger , Benndorf Klaus 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Membrane receptors control innumerous essential functions of living cells and are proven drug targets for pharmacological interventions. Many receptors are composed of a number of subunits and contain multiple binding sites for ligands, resulting in intricate mechanisms of subunit activation. To understand these mechanisms, the subunit action is usually modeled by allosteric schemes assuming a fixed subunit cooperativity. Here, we use subunit concatenation, binding-site mutations, and global mathematical analyses to study the interaction of the individual subunits in heterooligomeric olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, which are composed of three types of subunits. Our analyses provide a detailed thermodynamic profile for these interactions upon channel activation, and they can be applied to any other oligomeric ion channel and receptor.
Coordinating, communicating, and combining languages in local immersion education policy reform in Finland
Authors: Bergroth Mari 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this article is to examine local enactment of new curriculum policy, paying special attention to combining the language of instruction in the school (Finnish) and the immersion language (Swedish) in an early total one-way Swedish immersion programme in Finland at a programmatic level. The study combines ethnography with educational language policy by focusing on coordinative and communicative discourses surrounding local immersion curriculum. The participatory observation data consist of 36 hours of audio-recorded curriculum working group meetings with immersion teachers and researchers. The findings showed that the curriculum task assigned to municipalities and cities providing immersion education was extensive. They also revealed how discursively oriented policy research on immersion education opens up new ways to develop immersion education. The actual curriculum decisions implied that the Swedish portion of the immersion programme is multilingual and rich in connections between multiple languages, contesting the common belief of monolingual practices in immersion instruction.
Task engagement and comprehensibility in interaction
Authors: Trofimovich Pavel , Tekin Oguzhan , McDonough Kim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This exploratory study examined the relationship between second language (L2) English speakers’ comprehensibility
and their interactional behaviors as they engaged in a conversation with fellow L2 speakers. Thirty-six pairs of L2 English
university students completed a 10-minute academic discussion task and subsequently rated each other’s comprehensibility.
Transcripts of their conversation were coded for eight measures of task engagement, including cognitive/behavioral engagement
(idea units, language-related episodes), social engagement (encouragement, responsiveness, task and time management,
backchanneling, nodding), and emotional engagement (positive affect). Speakers who showed more encouragement and nodding were
perceived as easier to understand, whereas those who produced more frequent language-focused episodes and demonstrated more
responsiveness were rated as harder to understand. These findings provide initial evidence for an association between L2 speakers’
interactional behaviors and peer-ratings of comprehensibility, highlighting L2 comprehensibility as a multifaceted and
interaction-driven construct.
Stylistic variation in Hebrew reading tasks
Authors: Gafter Roey J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the core assumptions of the sociolinguistic interview methodology is that read speech tasks may be used to elicit more standard variants from a speaker. This link between reading and standardness, however, is a socially constructed relationship that may differ across cultures. Standard language ideologies in Israel differ from those in well-studied English speaking communities, and exhibit a complex tension between the notions of standardness and correctness. Drawing on a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews of 21 Hebrew speakers, this paper analyzes the variation in two Hebrew morpho-phonological variables. The results show a pattern of use that differs from the cline typically observed, which suggests that Hebrew speakers have a specialized reading register that recruits distinctive stylistic resources. These findings highlight the nature of reading as a stylistic performance that may manifest differently according to local language ideologies.
Flower structure and development in Pennantiaceae: uncovering diversity of pseudomonomerous gynoecia in the basal grade of the order Apiales
Authors: Karpunina Polina V , Ford Kerry A , Oskolski Alexei A , Nuraliev Maxim S , Sokoloff Dmitry D 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPseudomonomerous gynoecia with three (or four) carpels are unknown in the species-rich core group of Apiales, but this condition is shared by three species-poor families (Pennantiaceae, Torricelliaceae, Griseliniaceae) that form the basal grade of the order. Testing a hypothesis on the ancestral nature of carpel dimorphism in Apiales requires comparative data for all three lineages in this grade. We provide the first detailed description of flowers, including floral vasculature and gynoecium development, in a member of Pennantiaceae (Pennantia corymbosa). In contrast to many other Apiales, the inflorescence of Pennantia is paniculate and therefore has an unstable number of phyllomes in axes terminated by flowers. All phyllomes in the inflorescence are shifted onto lateral branches they subtend exhibiting recaulescence, a pattern that has not been reported elsewhere in Apiales. Plants are dioecious with functionally unisexual flowers. There are normally five stamens alternating with five petals. Anthers are present and produce pollen in stamens of male as well as female flowers, but ventral microsporangia are reduced in some anthers of female flowers. Anther morphology sometimes varies even among stamens of the same flower. Two types of synthecal anthers are recorded. Pollen dimorphism is confirmed: inaperturate pollen produced by stamens of female flowers supposedly acts as the only reward for pollinators in the absence of nectaries. The gynoecium of the female flower is syncarpous and pseudomonomerous: only one of three carpels is fertile. The gynoecium is initiated as three carpel primordia (future stigmas). One of them is smaller than the other two and occupies an alternistaminal (and antepetalous) position. The two large carpel primordia are located in the radii of stamens that are generally smaller (early in development) than the three other stamens. The carpel dimorphism is maintained at anthesis. The carpel with the smaller stigma is fertile, and those with larger stigmas are sterile. The carpels are congenitally united below the stigmas. The ovary is superior, unilocular (vs. inferior and plurilocular in Torricelliaceae and Griseliniaceae) and usually uniovulate with pendent ovule(s) inserted at the cross-zone level of the fertile carpel. As in most other Apiales, the short symplicate zone is sealed by postgenital fusion at anthesis and forms an internal compitum. The fertile carpel of the members of the basal grade of Apiales investigated so far is uniformly arranged in a petal radius. This is consistent with the idea that pseudomonomery is associated with stable patterns of flower groundplan in Apiales. Our data do not provide any clear structural or developmental evidence of independent origins of carpel dimorphism in Pennantiaceae, Torricelliaceae and Griseliniaceae.
The year 2020 in the European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Imaging: part I
Authors: Edvardsen Thor , Donal Erwan , Marsan Nina A , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Dweck Marc R , Maurer Gerald , Petersen Steffen E , Cosyns Bernard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Imaging was launched in 2012 and has during these 9 years become one of the leading multimodality cardiovascular imaging journals. The journal is currently ranked as number 20 among all cardiovascular journals. Our journal is well established as one of the top cardiovascular journals and is the most important cardiovascular imaging journal in Europe. The most important studies published in our Journal in 2020 will be highlighted in two reports. Part I of the review will focus on studies about myocardial function and risk prediction, myocardial ischaemia, and emerging techniques in cardiovascular imaging, while Part II will focus on valvular heart disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathies, and congenital heart disease.
“What Keeps Me Awake at Night”: Assisted Living Administrator Responses to COVID-19
Authors: Kyler-Yano Jason Z , Tunalilar Ozcan , Hasworth Serena , Kohon Jacklyn , Winfree Jaclyn , Wilton Riley , Tuttle Aliza , Carder Paula 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Assisted living (AL) constitutes an important sector of residential long-term care, yet there has been limited research about the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in this setting. This qualitative study sought to understand the impact of the early stages of the pandemic (February–August 2020) from AL administrators’ perspectives.

Research Design and Methods
Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 40 AL administrators in Oregon. A stratified sampling method emphasizing rurality, profit status, Medicaid acceptance, and memory care designation was used to maximize variation in perspectives. We asked 8 questions aimed at understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their roles and AL residents and their families, as well as AL operations, such as staffing and resource procurement. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an iterative thematic analysis.

Results
We identified 3 themes that characterize AL administrators’ response to COVID-19: emotion and burnout management, information management, and crisis management. Based on their experiences, administrators made suggestions for managing future crises.

Discussion and Implications
Our findings demonstrate the slow-burning but devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in AL communities similar to recent findings in nursing homes. Coupled with the limited resources, perceived external pressures, and the ongoing pandemic, many administrators were managing but not thriving in these domains. AL as a care setting, and the role of administrators, requires more scholarly and policy attention, especially regarding emergency preparedness and response.
Insecticide-treated net distribution in Western Kenya: impacts related to COVID-19 and health worker strikes
Authors: Suiyanka Laurissa , Alegana Victor A , Snow Robert W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We examined the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID) mitigation, supply and distribution interruptions on the delivery of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) in Western Kenya. The median monthly distribution of LLINs declined during COVID mitigation strategies (March–July 2020) and during the health worker strikes (December 2020–February 2021). Recovery periods followed initial declines, indicative of a ‘catching up’ on missed routine distribution. Mass community campaigns were delayed by 10 months. These observations offer encouragement for routine net distribution resilience, but complete interruptions of planned mass distributions require alternate strategies during pandemics.
Active neural networks to detect mentions of changes to medication treatment in social media
Authors: Weissenbacher Davy , Ge Suyu , Klein Ari , O’Connor Karen , Gross Robert , Hennessy Sean , Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
We address a first step toward using social media data to supplement current efforts in monitoring population-level medication nonadherence: detecting changes to medication treatment. Medication treatment changes, like changes to dosage or to frequency of intake, that are not overseen by physicians are, by that, nonadherence to medication. Despite the consequences, including worsening health conditions or death, 50% of patients are estimated to not take medications as indicated. Current methods to identify nonadherence have major limitations. Direct observation may be intrusive or expensive, and indirect observation through patient surveys relies heavily on patients’ memory and candor. Using social media data in these studies may address these limitations.

Methods
We annotated 9830 tweets mentioning medications and trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to find mentions of medication treatment changes, regardless of whether the change was recommended by a physician. We used active and transfer learning from 12 972 reviews we annotated from WebMD to address the class imbalance of our Twitter corpus. To validate our CNN and explore future directions, we annotated 1956 positive tweets as to whether they reflect nonadherence and categorized the reasons given.

Results
Our CNN achieved 0.50 F1-score on this new corpus. The manual analysis of positive tweets revealed that nonadherence is evident in a subset with 9 categories of reasons for nonadherence.

Conclusion
We showed that social media users publicly discuss medication treatment changes and may explain their reasons including when it constitutes nonadherence. This approach may be useful to supplement current efforts in adherence monitoring.
Protein phosphatase 6 promotes neurite outgrowth by promoting mTORC2 activity in N2a cells
Authors: Kitamura Nao , Fujiwara Nobuyuki , Hayakawa Koji , Ohama Takashi , Sato Koichi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism of neuronal differentiation is important to overcome the incurable diseases caused by nervous system damage. Neurite outgrowth is prerequisite for neuronal differentiation and regeneration, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is one of the major transcriptional factors positively regulating this process. Neuronal differentiation stimuli activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2)/Akt signalling to phosphorylate CREB; however, the precise molecular mechanism of this event has not been fully understood. In this manuscript, we show that neuronal differentiation stimuli increased a protein level of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6), a member of type 2A Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. PP6 knockdown suppressed mTORC2/Akt/CREB signalling and results in failure of neurite outgrowth. SIN1 is a unique component of mTORC2 that enhances mTORC2 activity towards Akt when it is in dephosphorylated form. We found PP6 knockdown increased SIN1 phosphorylation. These data suggest that PP6 may positively regulate neurite outgrowth by dephosphorylating SIN1 to activate mTORC2/Akt/CREB signalling.
The relational road to voice: how members of a low-status occupational group can develop voice behavior that transcends hierarchical levels
Authors: Kee Karin , van Wieringen Marieke , Beersma Bianca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMembers of frontline low-status occupational groups often have access to a vast pool of knowledge, expertise, and experience that may be valuable for organizations. However, previous research has shown that members of these occupational groups are often reluctant to exhibit voice behavior due to their low position in the organizational hierarchy and perceived status differences. Drawing on in-depth interviews with auxiliary nurses (ANs) who participated in a development trajectory, as well as with their colleagues and supervisors, we demonstrate how members of this low-status occupational group develop voice behavior. Our findings show how acquiring three different types of knowledge and acting on this knowledge can lead to forming new and different types of relationships with members of higher status occupational groups in the organization. Subsequently, these relational changes enhanced voice behavior, as the ANs under study became more skillful in navigating the organization and felt better equipped to share their ideas, concerns, and perspective. We contribute to the literature on voice behavior by members of low-status occupational groups by moving beyond the findings of previous studies that have shown that low-status employees are unlikely to exhibit voice behavior. We detail how the development of knowledge, as well as relationships between different occupational groups, is crucial for the enhancement of voice behavior that transcends hierarchical levels. Moreover, we add to the literature on upward influence of subordinates by showing how such voice allows subordinates to exert upward influence in their organizations and initiate change that benefits their own occupational group.
Sugar water feeding practices are associated with bird species composition in urban backyards
Authors: Erastova Daria A , Galbraith Josie A , Cain Kristal E , van Heezik Yolanda , Filion Antoine , Stanley Margaret C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Feeding backyard birds with sugar water is increasingly popular in urban areas, but it has poorly understood effects on bird assemblages. In New Zealand, ca. 20% of households engaged in feeding wild birds use sugar water, often in an attempt to attract native, nectarivorous birds. Developing best practices for sugar water feeding could be a powerful tool for attracting these species in urban areas. However, it is currently unclear whether these feeders actually support native species, and, if so, which feeding practices are most effective in increasing visitation. We surveyed New Zealanders who provide sugar water to birds about their feeding practices via an online questionnaire. The aim of our research was to understand existing practices and their effect on attracting native species, as well as the motivations and social factors behind urban sugar water bird feeding. Our results show that this practice is popular throughout the country with the majority of households successful in attracting native nectarivorous species to their gardens. Sugar water feeder type had the largest effect on reported species richness at feeders in comparison to other factors (e.g. sugar concentration). Feeders specifically designed for nectarivorous birds, namely the Tui Nectar Feeder™, are more successful at attracting natives in comparison to other commonly used feeder types. Thus, individual householder decisions around feeder use can have important consequences for bird species composition in urban gardens. Future research is needed to understand the consequences of sugar water feeding for bird communities and individual bird health.
Development of a base editor for protein evolution via in situ mutation in vivo
Authors: Hao Wenliang , Cui Wenjing , Cheng Zhongyi , Han Laichuang , Suo Feiya , Liu Zhongmei , Zhou Li , Zhou Zhemin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Protein evolution has significantly enhanced the development of life science. However, it is difficult to achieve in vitro evolution of some special proteins because of difficulties with heterologous expression, purification, and function detection. To achieve protein evolution via in situ mutation in vivo, we developed a base editor by fusing nCas with a cytidine deaminase in Bacillus subtilis through genome integration. The base editor introduced a cytidine-to-thymidine mutation of approximately 100% across a 5 nt editable window, which was much higher than those of other base editors. The editable window was expanded to 8 nt by extending the length of sgRNA, and conversion efficiency could be regulated by changing culture conditions, which was suitable for constructing a mutant protein library efficiently in vivo. As proof-of-concept, the Sec-translocase complex and bacitracin-resistance-related protein BceB were successfully evolved in vivo using the base editor. A Sec mutant with 3.6-fold translocation efficiency and the BceB mutants with different sensitivity to bacitracin were obtained. As the construction of the base editor does not rely on any additional or host-dependent factors, such base editors (BEs) may be readily constructed and applicable to a wide range of bacteria for protein evolution via in situ mutation.
SpikChIP: a novel computational methodology to compare multiple ChIP-seq using spike-in chromatin
Authors: Blanco Enrique , Di Croce Luciano , Aranda Sergi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to evaluate cell- and disease-specific changes in the interacting strength of chromatin targets, ChIP-seq signal across multiple conditions must undergo robust normalization. However, this is not possible using the standard ChIP-seq scheme, which lacks a reference for the control of biological and experimental variabilities. While several studies have recently proposed different solutions to circumvent this problem, substantial analytical differences among methodologies could hamper the experimental reproducibility and quantitative accuracy. Here, we propose a computational method to accurately compare ChIP-seq experiments, with exogenous spike-in chromatin, across samples in a genome-wide manner by using a local regression strategy (spikChIP). In contrast to the previous methodologies, spikChIP reduces the influence of sequencing noise of spike-in material during ChIP-seq normalization, while minimizes the overcorrection of non-occupied genomic regions in the experimental ChIP-seq. We demonstrate the utility of spikChIP with both histone and non-histone chromatin protein, allowing us to monitor for experimental reproducibility and the accurate ChIP-seq comparison of distinct experimental schemes. spikChIP software is available on GitHub (https://github.com/eblancoga/spikChIP).
Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Impact on Quality of Life 1–6 Months After Illness and Association With Initial Symptom Severity
Authors: O’Keefe James B , Minton H Caroline , Morrow Mary , Johnson Colin , Moore Miranda A , O’Keefe Ghazala A D , Benameur Karima , Higdon Jason , Fairley Jessica K 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have persistent symptoms following their acute illness. The prevalence and predictors of these symptoms, termed postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; PASC), have not been fully described.MethodsParticipants discharged from an outpatient telemedicine program for COVID-19 were emailed a survey (1–6 months after discharge) about ongoing symptoms, acute illness severity, and quality of life. Standardized telemedicine notes from acute illness were used for covariates (comorbidities and provider-assessed symptom severity). Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to assess predictors of persistent symptoms.ResultsTwo hundred ninety patients completed the survey, of whom 115 (39.7%) reported persistent symptoms including fatigue (n = 59, 20.3%), dyspnea on exertion (n = 41, 14.1%), and mental fog (n = 39, 13.5%), among others. The proportion of persistent symptoms did not differ based on duration since illness (&lt;90 days: n = 32, 37.2%; vs &gt;90 days: n = 80, 40.4%; P = .61). Predictors of persistent symptoms included provider-assessed moderate–severe illness (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.24; 95% CI, 1.75–6.02), female sex (aOR, 1.99; 95% CI, 0.98–4.04; &gt;90 days out: aOR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.01–4.95), and middle age (aOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.07–4.03). Common symptoms associated with reports of worse physical health included weakness, fatigue, myalgias, and mental fog.ConclusionsSymptoms following acute COVID-19 are common and may be predicted by factors during the acute phase of illness. Fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms figured prominently. Select symptoms seem to be particularly associated with perceptions of physical health following COVID-19 and warrant specific attention on future studies of PASC.