bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence for the interpretation of definite plural articles as markers of genericity – How Italian can help
Authors: Redolfi Michela , Soares Sergio Miguel Pereira , Czypionka Anna , Kupisch Tanja 
Published: February 2021

In the Romance languages, definite plural articles (e.g., le rane ‘the frogs’) are generally ambiguous between a generic and a specific interpretation, and speakers must reconstruct the intended interpretation through the linguistic or extra-linguistic context. Following the “polar bear” paradigm implemented in Czypionka &amp; Kupisch (2019)’s investigation on German, the goal of the present study is to check the suitability of their test on article semantics, by establishing to what extent native speakers of Italian interpret ambiguous definite plural DPs as generic or specific in the presence of a nonlinguistic picture context. We present judgment and reaction time data monitoring the preferred reading of sentences introduced by different kinds of noun phrases (e.g., Le rane/Queste rane/Le rane di solito sono verdi/gialle ‘The/These/Usually frogs are green/yellow’), while looking at pictures showing prototypical or non-prototypical properties (e.g., green vs. yellow frogs). Our results show that both possible interpretations of definite plural articles are routinely considered in Italian, despite the presence of a picture with specific referents, validating the “polar bear” paradigm as a suitable test of article semantics.
Effect of Direct Endovascular Revascularization Based on the Angiosome Model on Risk of Major Amputations and Life Expectancy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia and Foot Ulceration
Authors: Iacopi Elisabetta , Coppelli Alberto , Goretti Chiara , Bargellini Irene , Cicorelli Antonio , Cioni Roberto , Piaggesi Alberto 
Published: February 2021

Background
We evaluated whether direct or indirect endovascular revascularization based on the angiosome model affects outcomes in type 2 diabetes and critical limb ischemia.

Methods
From 2010 to 2015, 603 patients with type 2 diabetes were admitted for critical limb ischemia and submitted to endovascular revascularization. Among these patients, 314 (52%) underwent direct and 123 (20%) indirect revascularization, depending on whether the flow to the artery directly feeding the site of ulceration, according to the angiosome model, was successfully acquired; 166 patients (28%) were judged unable to be revascularized. Outcomes were healing, major amputation, and mortality rates.

Results
An overall healing rate of 62.5% was observed: patients who did not receive percutaneous transluminal angioplasty presented a healing rate of 58.4% (P < .02 versus revascularized patients). A higher healing rate was observed in the direct versus the indirect group (82.4% versus 50.4%; P < .001). The major amputation rate was significantly higher in the indirect versus the direct group (9.2% versus 3.2%; P < .05). The overall mortality rate was 21.6%, and it was higher in the indirect versus the direct group (24% versus 14%; P < .05).

Conclusions
These data show that direct revascularization of arteries supplying the diabetic foot ulcer site by means of the angiosome model is associated with a higher healing rate and lower risk of amputation and death compared with the indirect procedure. These results support use of the angiosome model in type 2 diabetes with critical limb ischemia.
Quantifying upper limb motor impairment in people with Parkinson’s disease: a physiological profiling approach
Authors: Ingram Lewis A. , Carroll Vincent K. , Butler Annie A. , Brodie Matthew A. , Gandevia Simon C. , Lord Stephen R. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Upper limb motor impairments, such as slowness of movement and difficulties executing sequential tasks, are common in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Objective
To evaluate the validity of the upper limb Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA) as a standard clinical assessment battery in people with PD, by determining whether the tests, which encompass muscle strength, dexterity, arm stability, position sense, skin sensation and bimanual coordination can (a) distinguish people with PD from healthy controls, (b) detect differences in upper limb test domains between “off” and “on” anti-Parkinson medication states and (c) correlate with a validated measure of upper limb function.

Methods
Thirty-four participants with PD and 68 healthy controls completed the upper limb PPA tests within a single session.

Results
People with PD exhibited impaired performance across most test domains. Based on validity, reliability and feasibility, six tests (handgrip strength, finger-press reaction time, 9-hole peg test, bimanual pole test, arm stability, and shirt buttoning) were identified as key tests for the assessment of upper limb function in people with PD.

Conclusions
The upper limb PPA provides a valid, quick and simple means of quantifying specific upper limb impairments in people with PD. These findings indicate clinical assessments should prioritise tests of muscle strength, unilateral movement and dexterity, bimanual coordination, arm stability and functional tasks in people with PD as these domains are the most commonly and significantly impaired.
Field studies of a high elevation population of northern Greater glider Petauroides volans minor in the Bluff State Forest, Far North Queensland
Authors: Starr C.R. , Hughes R.T. , Hemmings M.S. , Coase J.F. , Jess M. D. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of field surveys and a radio-tracking study of the Greater glider Petauroides volans minor in the Bluff State Forest, North Queensland. Twenty-three spotlighting transects were surveyed twice in July 2018, mean abundance of P. v. minor was 0.24 ha-1 in wet sclerophyll and 0.38 ha-1 in dry sclerophyll forest. Field observations (n= 330) were collected from nine radio-collared animals across three field sites from July to October 2019. 95% kernel home range estimates varied, ranging from 1.03 – 11.45 ha. Observations of denning (n=66) across 22 den trees identified that the gliders utilised between 1 and 4 dens during the study. Den trees were predominantly large Blue gum Eucalyptus tereticornis, with Gum-topped box Eucalyptus moluccana, Narrow-leafed ironbark Eucalyptus drepanophylla, Tindale’s stringybark Eucalyptus tindaliae and unidentifiable tree stags were used to lesser extent in one field site. Mean availability of suitable den trees was 2.07±1.12 per ha in Site 1 and 2, and 1.57±1.24 in Site 3. Foraging observations (n=148) were collected, Pink Bloodwood Corymbia intermedia and E. moluccana were the most commonly observed feed trees utilised by the study animals during the tracking period. This study provides baseline data for P. v. minor within high elevation habitat (950 to 1000 m) at its most northern extent. Given the widespread decline of P. volans across much of its range, these data may be used for developing local conservation strategies for the species in North Queensland.
Spending Model under Financial Literacy
Authors: Shah Muzafar Hussain , Ahmad Norzalina Binti , Murugiah Logasvathi 
Published: February 2021

Aims: The study attempted to assess how family background, and peer role affect the spending decisions of working youth in Pakistan. Current study also tested effect of financial literacy as mediator between relationship of peer role and family back ground with spending decisions of working youth.
Study Design: Cross sectional survey research (Quantitative)
Place and Duration of Study: Different organization in Pakistan, between May- September-2019
Methodology: Working youth among different organizations with total of 309 responses were usable out of total sample 574from Pakistan through stratified random sampling Structural equation modeling was applied through Smart PLS3.
Results: The study found that the insignificant effect of peer role on spending, and significant effect on financial literacy. On other side family background shown insignificant effect on spending decisions but significant effect on financial literacy. Furthermore this study also found significant effect of financial literacy on spending decisions. Additionally this research also shown significant mediating effect of family background and peer role on spending decisions through financial literacy.
Conclusion: Findings of this study shaded the light that how family background, peer role have influenced spending decisions under umbrella of relative income hypothesis and life cycle hypothesis, directly and indirectly through mediation by financial literacy. Further policy makers could design policies and arranging training workshops for financial literacy awareness among working youth.
An Innovative Approach to the Finite Sequences of Prime Numbers
Authors: Lattanzi Daniele 
Published: February 2021

An innovative approach that treats prime numbers as raw experimental data making use of experimental/computational mathematics and the approximation methods is presented in order to get advanced and more exact formulations of the canonical form = being the prime value and its counter. The use of many different functions - such as the inverse of the modified chi-square function with its three parameters , and , the function with the ad-hoc values being , the function , the function , the harmonic series and its approximation by Euler and so on - as fit functions of finite sets i.e. sequences of prime numbers leads to induction algorithms and to new relationships of the kind though within the approximations of the calculations with all the estimations better than that of the standard formulation . In such a manner, refined formulations with higher precisions are got showing that there are many ways to treat the finite sequences of prime numbers. Comparisons among the various methods are made in order to find the best formulation of a new and more refined relationship in a closed form that can be valid to find the most approximate value of a prime starting from its counter in the finite case.
Perception and Acceptance of Herbal Medicines among Residents of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Elechi-Amadi Kemzi N. , Briggs Ojoye N. , Konne Felix E. , Giami Lynda K. , C. Ajufo Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

Background: The use of herbal medicines and medicinal plants available in a locality in the treatment and control of human diseases, promotion of health and management of health conditions will continue to play a significant role in the healthcare system of the people, especially in developing countries. This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the perception and knowledge of usage of herbal medicines among the residents of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methodology: Multi-stage sampling technique was used for this study.
Results: The results indicated that out of the 273 questionnaires returned, 118 (44.9%) of the respondents were male while 144 (55.1%) were female. The average age of the respondents was 36±10 years. The prevalence of usage of herbal medicine from this study was 80.9%. The major source of information about herbal medicines was home (family and friends).The results also indicate that 180 (68.6%) of the respondents did not experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, vomiting, nausea and diarrhea, with the use of herbal medicines. Similarly, on the reasons for using herbal medicine, 134 (51.1%) of the respondents indicated that they used herbal medicines because they are effective, 66 (25.3%) said herbal medicines are always available mostly as locally sourced herbs, while 46 (17.7%) said herbal medicines are not costly. On the perception of herbal medicines, 206 (78.6%) indicated that herbal medicines are efficacious, 197 (75.3%) supported the integration of herbal medicines into the conventional health system, 243 (92.6%) supported the establishment of a Board to regulate the practice of herbal medicine in order to prevent indiscriminate use of herbal medicines while 234 (89.9%) of the respondents supported the establishment of a formal training institution for herbal medicine practitioners.
Conclusion: It is concluded that herbal medicines have wide acceptability and perception among the study population. It is recommended that herbal medical practice be properly regulated and integrated into the conventional health system.
Survival Analysis of Cancer Patients at Teaching Hospitals in Ethiopia
Authors: Fufa Gemechu Bekana 
Published: February 2021

Survival analysis today is widely implemented in the fields of medical and biological sciences. The basic principle behind the survival analysis implies to a statistical approach designed to take into account the amount of time utilized for a study period, or the study of time between entry into observation and a subsequent event. The event of interest pertains to death and the analysis consists of following the subject until death. This study aims to analysis the survival status of cancer patients, to identify the main cancer in women at study area and to determine the survival time of women with cancer after undergoing certain treatments in the selected teaching hospital(s). A random sample of 460 cancer patients was selected using purposive sampling from the study area, in 2016 to 2018. Parametric and non-parametric models, Logistic regression models, Statistical distributions and tests methods of data analysis were used in this study. The demographic information: age, educational level, treatments, economic level, marital status and stages of cancer were included and Comparisons were made among major cancers in patients. The findings of the study suggest that among major types of cancer in patients, breast cancer was the highly affecting the females in the study area. There are 62.15 % survival and 37.35 % of not survived patients in the data and the majority of patients (about 88 %) are diagnosed when they are in stages 1 and 2 and very few (about 8 %) of them are diagnosed in advanced stage of cancer. It also reveals that the average tumor sizes are significantly different for all ages and stages. By grouping ages into groups of 5, I also stratified the number of patients diagnosed with cancer in different stages and the diagnoses at different stages were different. Finally, Results of survival time shows that the surviving of cancer patient were different at different ages and treatments level.
THE DETERMINANT OF WEBSITE QUALITY AND E- SERVICE QUALITY AT SME IN INDONESIA
Authors: Suryani Tatik , Fauzi Abu Amar , Nurhadi Moch 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to examine the dimensions which determine the Website Quality and E-Service Quality in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. As one of the important determinant dimensions for website quality, E-Service Quality is specifically observed to find out the specific factors that determine E-Service quality which in some previous studies has not been widely studied. The study was conducted by using survey method with questionnaire involving 379 SME customer respondents. Website quality dimensions are measured using a Likert Scale with 5 alternative answers. The results of the analysis conducted with Smart PLS, shows that there are four dimensions of website quality determinants, of which the most influential are: E-Service Quality, Information Quality, System Quality and Image Quality; furthermore for E-Service Quality dimensions, there are three identified important dimensions that determine are: Fulfillment, Responsiveness, and System Availability
BAP1 promotes viability and migration of ECA109 cells through KLF5/CyclinD1/FGF‐BP1
Authors: Wang Fengyun , Luo Ming , Qu Honglan , Cheng Yufeng 
Published: February 2021

More than 40 000 patients worldwide die from esophageal cancer annually. The 5‐year survival rate of patients is only ~ 15–20%, and thus, there is an ongoing need to improve diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer. Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1)‐associated protein (BAP1) is a marker of poor prognosis in several cancers, including uveal melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, non‐small cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. BAP1 mutations are early and rare events in esophageal carcinoma, but the involvement of BAP1 in progression of esophageal carcinoma is unclear. Here, we report that cell proliferation and migration were significantly enhanced in esophageal carcinoma ECA109 cells overexpressing BAP1, while they were diminished upon BAP1 knockdown. In addition, the expression of Krüppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5), CyclinD1, and FGF‐BP1 was increased by BAP1 overexpression and decreased by BAP1 knockdown. Our data suggest that BAP1 promotes cell proliferation and migration, and enhances the expression of KLF5 and its downstream genes, including CyclinD1 and FGF‐BP1, in the esophageal carcinoma cell line ECA109.
Graphene‐Supported, Well‐Defined Metal‐Based Catalysts for C−H Bond Functionalization and Related Reactions
Authors: Martínez‐Laguna Jonathan , Caballero Ana , Pérez Pedro J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe use of graphenic materials as support for transition metal‐based catalysts in reactions involving the functionalization of carbon‐hydrogen bonds is reviewed. In many cases, the catalytic activities reported are comparable or better than the homogeneous counterparts, a feature which adds to a substantial degree of recyclability of the materials.magnified image
Adsorption‐mediated nonlinearity of critical cracking thickness in drying nanoparticle–polymer suspensions
Authors: Yamamura Masato 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examine the critical cracking thicknesses of as‐dried colloidal TiO2 suspensions containing water‐soluble polymeric additives, above which cracks spontaneously propagate. In contrast to common observations, the critical cracking thickness increases in a nonlinear, stepwise manner as increasing the concentration of the polymeric additive in the suspension. The critical thickness diverges when the polymer content increases above a certain threshold. We demonstrate that the first and second critical cracking thickness increments are attributable to the onset of polymer adsorption and a subsequent transition in the conformations of the adsorbing polymer chains, respectively. The critical thickness profiles with respect to normalized polymer adsorption amounts at different particle diameters converged into a single master curve. These results illustrate nontrivial evaporation processes in which the various roles of polymeric additives delay cracking into thicker films.
Pd/Cu‐Catalyzed Defluorinative Carbonylative Coupling of Aryl Iodides and gem‐Difluoroalkenes: Efficient Synthesis of α‐Fluorochalcones
Authors: Wu Fu‐Peng , Yuan Yang , Liu Jiawang , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn unprecedented and challenging defluorinative carbonylation was achieved. Enabled by a Pd/Cu cooperative catalyst system, the first example of defluorinative carbonylative coupling has been established. With gem‐difluoroalkenes and aryl iodides as the substrates, this methodology offers flexible and facile access to privileged α‐fluorochalcones under mild reaction conditions in moderate‐to‐excellent yields. Mechanistic studies indicated transmetalation between palladium and copper intermediates as a crucial step of the catalytic cycle.
Cysteine Nucleophiles in Glycosidase Catalysis: Application of a Covalent β‐l‐Arabinofuranosidase Inhibitor
Authors: McGregor Nicholas G. S. , Coines Joan , Borlandelli Valentina , Amaki Satoko , Artola Marta , Nin‐Hill Alba , Linzel Daniël , Yamada Chihaya , Arakawa Takatoshi , Ishiwata Akihiro , Ito Yukishige , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Fushinobu Shinya , Overkleeft Herman S. , Rovira Carme , Davies Gideon J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe recent discovery of zinc‐dependent retaining glycoside hydrolases (GHs), with active sites built around a Zn(Cys)3(Glu) coordination complex, has presented unresolved mechanistic questions. In particular, the proposed mechanism, depending on a Zn‐coordinated cysteine nucleophile and passing through a thioglycosyl enzyme intermediate, remains controversial. This is primarily due to the expected stability of the intermediate C−S bond. To facilitate the study of this atypical mechanism, we report the synthesis of a cyclophellitol‐derived β‐l‐arabinofuranosidase inhibitor, hypothesised to react with the catalytic nucleophile to form a non‐hydrolysable adduct analogous to the mechanistic covalent intermediate. This β‐l‐arabinofuranosidase inhibitor reacts exclusively with the proposed cysteine thiol catalytic nucleophiles of representatives of GH families 127 and 146. X‐ray crystal structures determined for the resulting adducts enable MD and QM/MM simulations, which provide insight into the mechanism of thioglycosyl enzyme intermediate breakdown. Leveraging the unique chemistry of cyclophellitol derivatives, the structures and simulations presented here support the assignment of a zinc‐coordinated cysteine as the catalytic nucleophile and illuminate the finely tuned energetics of this remarkable metalloenzyme clan.
Unified Approach to Furan Natural Products via Phosphine‐Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Chen Violet Yijang , Kwon Ohyun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolyalkyl furans are widespread in nature, often performing important biological roles. Despite a plethora of methods for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans, the construction of tetraalkyl furans remains non‐trivial. The prevalence of alkyl groups in bioactive furan natural products, combined with the desirable bioactivities of tetraalkyl furans, calls for a general synthetic protocol for polyalkyl furans. This paper describes a Michael–Heck approach, using sequential phosphine‐palladium catalysis, for the preparation of various polyalkyl furans from readily available precursors. The versatility of this method is illustrated by the total syntheses of nine distinct polyalkylated furan natural products belonging to different classes, namely the furanoterpenes rosefuran, sesquirosefuran, and mikanifuran; the marine natural products plakorsins A, B, and D and plakorsin D methyl ester; and the furan fatty acids 3D5 and hydromumiamicin.
High‐Silica CHA Zeolite Membrane with Ultra‐High Selectivity and Irradiation Stability for Krypton/Xenon Separation
Authors: Wang Xuerui , Zhou Tao , Zhang Ping , Yan Wenfu , Li Yongguo , Peng Li , Veerman Dylan , Shi Mengyang , Gu Xuehong , Kapteijn Freek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCapture and storage of the long‐lived 85Kr is an efficient approach to mitigate the emission of volatile radionuclides from the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities. However, it is challenging to separate krypton (Kr) from xenon (Xe) because of the chemical inertness and similar physical properties. Herein we prepared high‐silica CHA zeolite membranes with ultra‐high selectivity and irradiation stability for Kr/Xe separation. The suitable aperture size and rigid framework endures the membrane a strong size‐exclusion effect. The ultrahigh selectivity of 51–152 together with the Kr permeance of 0.7–1.3×10−8 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 of high‐silica CHA zeolite membranes far surpass the state‐of‐the‐art polymeric membranes. The membrane is among the most stable polycrystalline membranes for separation of humid Kr/Xe mixtures. Together with the excellent irradiation stability, high‐silica CHA zeolite membranes pave the way to separate radioactive Kr from Xe for a notable reduction of the volatile nuclear waste storage volume.