bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
665 Longitudinal strain impairment in organic mitral regurgitation: look beyond the valve
Authors: Diana Giovanni , Manfredonia Laura , Filice Monica , Ravenna Emanuele , Graziani Francesca , Lombardo Antonella , Lanza Gaetano Antonio , Crea Filippo , Massetti Massimo , Locorotondo Gabriella 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a hallmark of cardiac damage in mitral regurgitation (MR). GLS &gt; −18% in patients with severe organic MR (OMR) and normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF) is an independent predictor of postoperative LV dysfunction. While it is known that GLS is impaired in less than severe functional ischaemic MR (FMR), the value of GLS in less than severe OMR is not known. We aimed to determine prevalence and determinants of any GLS impairment in OMR, in comparison to FMR.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 51 consecutive patients (33 OMR and 18 FMR) with mild-to-moderate, moderate and moderate-to-severe MR (Table*). Overall, GLS was higher in OMR than FMR (17.9±4.5 vs. 10.3±5.3, P&lt;0.001), with rate of impairment of 45% in OMR and 89% in FMR (P= 0.0024).

Results
However, no significant difference was found in GLS between mild-to-moderate, moderate and moderate-to-severe MR patients within OMR (17.7±4.7 vs. 16.9±3.9 vs. 22.4±3, respectively, P&gt;0.05), as well as FMR (9.8±6.6 vs. 10.7±5.3 vs. 10.4±5.3, respectively, P&gt;0.05) groups. GLS correlated directly with left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) in both OMR (r=0.69, P&lt;0.001) and FMR (r=0.90, P&lt;0.001), and inversely with LV mass indexed for body surface area (LVMi) in both OMR (r = −0.50, P=0.005) and FMR (r = −0.48, P=0.042). While correlation with LVEF was better for FMR than OMR (Z − 1.95, P=0.026), correlation with LVMi was similar for OMR and FMR groups (Z − 0.082, P&gt;0.05).

Conclusions
In patients with OMR, GLS may be reduced, despite normal LVEF, in less than severe MR. Prevalence and degree of GLS impairment in OMR is less than in FMR. In OMR, as well as in FMR, GLS impairment is independent of entity of MR, but rather correlates with LVMi, maybe reflecting impact of myocardial fibrosis derived by increased LVMi on GLS.
477 Three cases of Kawasaki disease developed at young age and with a long term follow-up
Authors: Zagarese Giorgia , Varriale Alessandro , Pesarini Gabriele , Cristofaletti Alessandra , Sandrini Camilla , Ribichini Flavio Luciano , Prioli Maria Antonia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Kawasaki disease is a relatively new disease and it took years since its first discovery to find and establish precise diagnostic and therapeutic indications. We report three cases of Kawasaki disease diagnosed between 1976 and 1993, which developed vascular complications and which were followed up for more than 20 years. The first case involved a 45-year-old woman who was first diagnosed with Kawasaki disease at age 3 years old. Her condition was complicated in the acute phase by a myocardial infarction and by the development of an apical aneurysm. The second case involved a 30-years-old woman who was first diagnosed with Kawasaki disease at age 6 months. The disease was complicated by coronary aneurysms and by right coronary artery occlusion. The third case involved a 29-year-old male who received a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease at age 1 year old. Echocardiography in the acute phase showed coronary aneurysms. One year later a new echocardiography revealed a thrombosis of the right coronary artery without myocardial infarction. The coronarography confirmed the coronary aneurysms and the thrombosis. All three cases were treated with a medical therapy and were followed up with periodic imaging exams, stress tests, 24-h Holter monitorings and cardiological check-ups. With these three case reports we have highlighted the possibility of finding a population of adult patients who may come to medical attention for acute events, such as myocardial infarction, presenting complicated, and disastrous angiographic pictures: it is plausible that such a population, in addition to cardiovascular risk factors, may have developed a KD in the years of lacking diagnostic and therapeutic options.
808 Frequency and impact of atherothrombotic status in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Boccuto Fabiola , Sorrentino Sabato , Carabetta Nicole , Bellantoni Antonio , Giordano Salvatore , Cacia Michele Antonio , Polimeni Alberto , Leo Isabella , Varano Ylenia , Augusto Florinda Maria , Mongiardo Annalisa , De Rosa Salvatore , Indolfi Ciro , Spaccarotella Carmen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Many efforts have been made in the last decade to minimize the risk of bleeding in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), such as a less intensive antithrombotic therapy and technical improvement in devices implantation. Conversely, evidence on high atherothrombotic status (HATR) is still lacking in patients undergoing TAVR. Accordingly, in this analysis, we aimed to evaluate frequency and impact of atherothrombotic status in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Methods
Patients who underwent TAVR at our Institution from September 2008 to November 2020 were included in this analysis. Out of 407 patients, 6 (1.5%) were excluded as they underwent only balloon angioplasty or for procedural unsuccess. HATR status includes patients with prior percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary artery bypass graft, prior stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or with a diagnosis of diabetes. Continuous variables following normal distribution were compared with the student’s t-test and categorical data were analysed with the chi-square test. A Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association between HART status and all-cause mortality at one 1-year follow-up.

Results
Compared to patients with low atherothrombotic status (LATR) (n = 238; 59.4%), HART patients (n = 163; 40.6%) were older, more likely female and with a higher prevalence of common cardiovascular risk factors including chronic kidney disease, smoke, and hyperlipidaemia. Between LATR and HATR groups, no differences have been observed, in terms of procedural time, type of devices used (Balloon vs. self-expandable device), or hospitalization length. Compared to LART, HART patients were more likely to be discharged on statin (63.7% vs. 83%, P &lt; 000.1), on dual antiplatelet therapy (50.4% vs.58.9%, P = 0.03), or on oral anticoagulant if required (27.7% vs. 29.5%, P = 0.03). Furthermore, no differences have been observed in terms of in-hospital adverse events, including death, severe bleeding, any conduction disturbances requiring pacemaker implantation, access complications, myocardial infarction, or stroke/TIA. For instance, HART was not a predictor of mortality at 1 year follow-up, even after adjustment for baseline characteristics.

Conclusion
In our population, no differences in procedural and in-hospital adverse events have been observed according to the atherothrombotic profile. HATR patients were more likely to be discharged with more intensive antithrombotic and hypolipidaemic strategies, despite the coexistent high prevalence of bleeding determinants. However, ATR status does not impact 1-year mortality even after adjustment for baseline characteristics.
812 Prognostic impact of the COAPT inclusion and exclusion criteria in real-world patients with secondary mitral regurgitation undergoing MitraClip implantation
Authors: Serratore Serena , Polimeni Alberto , Mongiardo Annalisa , Spaccarotella Carmen , Sorrentino Sabato , Panuccio Giuseppe , Cacia Michele , Lucchino Alessandro , Scebba Jacopo , Durante Pierfrancesco , Trapuzzano Albino , Ciliberto Federica , De Rosa Salvatore , Indolfi Ciro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
The COAPT randomized trial has shown a huge benefit in the survival of patients with s heart failure and functional mitral regurgitation treated with MitraClip. However, patients in COAPT were highly selected and the clinical course in real-world patients with and without fulfilment of the trial inclusion criteria is unclear.

Methods
The present study examined the clinical outcome in consecutive patients with symptomatic moderate-to-severe or severe MR of dominant functional aetiology undergoing MitraClip therapy by the presence of the inclusion criteria of the COAPT trial (left ventricular ejection fraction &gt;20%, left ventricular end-systolic dimension &lt;70 mm, non-commissural primary jet, estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure &lt;70 mmHg, mitral valve orifice area &gt;4 cm2, no prior mitral valve leaflet surgery or any currently implanted prosthetic mitral valve or any prior transcatheter mitral valve procedure).

Results
The composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization and the endpoint of heart failure hospitalization were analysed. Among 118 patients who underwent MitraClip implantation 61% fulfilled the inclusion criteria of COAPT. The composite endpoint was significantly less frequent (P = 0.05) in patients fulfilling the COAPT selection criteria than in those not fulfilling the criteria, with an estimated 1-year event rate of 25% vs. 49%. Heart failure hospitalization was significantly less frequent (P = 0.04) in patients fulfilling COAPT selection criteria than in those who did not, with an estimated 1-year event rate of 19% vs. 36.8%.

Conclusions
In this single centre study the outcome of patients with functional mitral regurgitation undergoing MitraClip therapy was significantly worse in patients not fulfilling COAPT inclusion criteria, indicating that these criteria might help identify futility.
The genome sequence of the avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi), an invasive nest parasite of Darwin’s finches in Galápagos
Authors: Romine Melia G , Knutie Sarah A , Crow Carly M , Vaziri Grace J , Chaves Jaime A , Koop Jennifer A H , Lamichhaney Sangeet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The invasive avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi, Diptera: Muscidae) is considered one of the greatest threats to the endemic avifauna of the Galápagos Islands. The fly larvae parasitize nearly every passerine species, including Darwin’s finches. Most P. downsi research to date has focused on the effects of the fly on avian host fitness and mitigation methods. A lag in research related to the genetics of this invasion demonstrates, in part, the need to develop full-scale genomic resources with which to address further questions within this system. In this study, an adult female P. downsi was sequenced to generate a high-quality genome assembly. We examined various features of the genome (e.g., coding regions and noncoding transposable elements) and carried out comparative genomics analysis against other dipteran genomes. We identified lists of gene families that are significantly expanding or contracting in P. downsi that are related to insecticide resistance, detoxification, and counter defense against host immune responses. The P. downsi genome assembly provides an important resource for studying the molecular basis of successful invasion in the Galápagos and the dynamics of its population across multiple islands. The findings of significantly changing gene families associated with insecticide resistance and immune responses highlight the need for further investigations into the role of different gene families in aiding the fly’s successful invasion. Furthermore, this genomic resource provides a necessary tool to better inform future research studies and mitigation strategies aimed at minimizing the fly’s impact on Galápagos birds.
Comparative Immunogenicity and Effectiveness of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Naranbhai Vivek , Garcia-Beltran Wilfredo F , Chang Christina C , Berrios Mairena Cristhian , Thierauf Julia C , Kirkpatrick Grace , Onozato Maristela L , Cheng Ju , St Denis Kerri J , Lam Evan C , Kaseke Clarety , Tano-Menka Rhoda , Yang Diane , Pavlovic Maia , Yang Wendy , Kui Alexander , Miller Tyler E , Astudillo Michael G , Cahill Jennifer E , Dighe Anand S , Gregory David J , Poznansky Mark C , Gaiha Gaurav D , Balazs Alejandro B , Iafrate A John 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Understanding immunogenicity and effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines is critical to guide rational use.

Methods
We compared the immunogenicity of mRNA-1273, BNT-162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S in healthy ambulatory adults. We performed an inverse-variance meta-analysis of population-level effectiveness from public health reports in &gt; 40 million individuals.

Results
A single dose of either mRNA vaccine yielded comparable antibody and neutralization titers to convalescent individuals. Ad26.COV2.S yielded lower antibody concentrations and frequently undetectable neutralization titers. Bulk and cytotoxic T-cell responses were higher in mRNA1273 and BNT162b2 than Ad26.COV2.S recipients. Regardless of vaccine, &lt;50% of vaccinees demonstrated CD8+ T-cell responses. Antibody concentrations and neutralization titers increased comparably after the first dose of either vaccine, and further in recipients of a second dose. Prior infection was associated with high antibody concentrations and neutralization even after a single dose and regardless of vaccine. Neutralization of Beta, Gamma, and Delta strains were poorer regardless of vaccine. In meta-analysis, relative to mRNA1273 the effectiveness of BNT162b2 was lower against infection and hospitalization, and Ad26COV2.S was lower against infection, hospitalization, and death.

Conclusions
Variation in the immunogenicity correlates with variable effectiveness of the 3 vaccines deployed in the United States.
More Challenging Diets Sustain Feeding Performance: Applications Toward the Captive Rearing of Wildlife
Authors: Mitchell D Rex , Wroe Stephen , Ravosa Matthew J , Menegaz Rachel A 
Published: December 2021

Synopsis
The rescue and rehabilitation of young fauna is of substantial importance to conservation. However, it has been suggested that incongruous diets offered in captive environments may alter craniofacial morphology and hinder the success of reintroduced animals. Despite these claims, to what extent dietary variation throughout ontogeny impacts intrapopulation cranial biomechanics has not yet been tested. Here, finite element models were generated from the adult crania of 40 rats (n = 10 per group) that were reared on 4 different diet regimes and stress magnitudes compared during incisor bite simulations. The diets consisted of (1) exclusively hard pellets from weaning, (2) exclusively soft ground pellet meal from weaning, (3) a juvenile switch from pellets to meal, and (4) a juvenile switch from meal to pellets. We hypothesized that a diet of exclusively soft meal would result in the weakest adult skulls, represented by significantly greater stress magnitudes at the muzzle, palate, and zygomatic arch. Our hypothesis was supported at the muzzle and palate, indicating that a diet limited to soft food inhibits bone deposition throughout ontogeny. This finding presents a strong case for a more variable and challenging diet during development. However, rather than the “soft” diet group resulting in the weakest zygomatic arch as predicted, this region instead showed the highest stress among rats that switched as juveniles from hard pellets to soft meal. We attribute this to a potential reduction in number and activity of osteoblasts, as demonstrated in studies of sudden and prolonged disuse of bone. A shift to softer foods in captivity, during rehabilitation after injury in the wild for example, can therefore be detrimental to healthy development of the skull in some growing animals, potentially increasing the risk of injury and impacting the ability to access full ranges of wild foods upon release. We suggest captive diet plans consider not just nutritional requirements but also food mechanical properties when rearing wildlife to adulthood for reintroduction.
The arbitrability of antitrust disputes: a Chinese perspective
Authors: Bu Qingxiu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The cornerstone of public policy debate opens the door for arbitral tribunals to deal with antitrust disputes. It has long been a controversial issue whether antitrust disputes related to commercial contracts could be arbitrable, given the lack of clarity under Chinese law. China’s Supreme People’s Court in Shell v Huili has seemingly provided important but paradoxical guidance on non-arbitrability. Arguably, the ruling may be incompatible with the doctrine of international comity in the current transnational dispute resolution mechanism. It is argued that the operation costs for all stakeholders would be considerably reduced if China could integrate into the established international track.
A Survey of YouTube Videos as a Source of Useful/Unuseful Information in the Field of the Prevention and Management of Burn Injuries: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the English Language Content
Authors: Gurbuz Kayhan , Demir Mete , Das Koray 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study was designed on whether YouTube videos are useful as an information resource in the field of burn injury prevention and management. Current literature on the educational content and quality of burn-related first-aid videos on YouTube was reported as inadequate and inaccurate. However, the quality of YouTube videos on various medical and clinical topics has been the subject of many previous studies, and there has been increasing evidence that the content ratio of usefulness was higher than that of nonuseful. While hours and even minutes in burn injuries are as precious as gold in terms of outcomes, it would be a significant loss not to use the most popular and easily accessible free social media platform of our time as a tool that can contribute to the prevention of burns and raise awareness. Analysis was conducted with the remaining 96 videos from 240 videos obtained from YouTube, according to possible search terms and exclusion of videos according to predetermined criteria. The Global Quality Score (GQS) and modified DISCERN (m.DISCERN) tools were used to assess the quality and reliability of the videos. Viewer engagement metrics and video properties were also investigated according to the usefulness criteria (eg, video length, duration on YouTube, topic contents, source uploads, reliability, and quality). Finally, it was revealed that nearly 80% of the YouTube videos contained information in the field of the prevention and management of burn injuries deemed useful in this study, comparable to the other medical disciplines’ reports in the literature.
Online or Offline: Does It Matter? A Review of Existing Interpretation Approaches and Their Effect on Screening Mammography Metrics, Patient Satisfaction, and Cost
Authors: Ram Shruthi , Campbell Tyler , Lourenco Ana P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ideal practice routine for screening mammography would optimize performance metrics and minimize costs, while also maximizing patient satisfaction. The main approaches to screening mammography interpretation include batch offline, non-batch offline, interrupted online, and uninterrupted online reading, each of which has its own advantages and drawbacks. This article reviews the current literature on approaches to screening mammography interpretation, potential effects of newer technologies, and promising artificial intelligence resources that could improve workflow efficiency in the future.
Impact of grazing on germination trait selection in an alpine grassland on the Tibet Plateau
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Kun , Zhang Zhilong , Zhang Shiting , Baskin Carol C , Baskin Jerry M , Liang Ting , Bu Haiyan , Li Shuxia , Zhang Tingting , Cui Xianliang , Xiao Sa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Previous studies indicated that grazing can cause significant changes in abiotic and biotic environment in grassland. However, how these changes impact germination trait selection in grassland has not been well studied. Thus, we aimed to explore whether grazing can significantly change germination trait diversity and composition of grasslands community. We measured the germination traits of species in the laboratory, and compared their performance in grazed and nongrazed grasslands. Then, we compared the community-weighted means of germination traits and functional diversity of grazed and nongrazed grasslands based on these germination traits to know whether grazed and nongrazed grasslands differed in their germination trait structures. At the species level, we found that the changes of abundance in grazed and nongrazed grasslands were not related to species’ germination traits. However, at the community level, compared with nongrazed grasslands, species in the grazed grasslands generally exhibited a higher seed germination percentage. Moreover, seed germination response in grazed grasslands was more positively related to alternating temperature than in nongrazed grasslands, and breadth of the germination temperature niche was narrower in grazed than in nongrazed grasslands. Compared with nongrazed grasslands, seed germination trait diversity was increased and germination trait evenness decreased in grazed grasslands. Grazing can change microhabitat conditions, thereby changing germination trait selection by environmental filtering, resulting in a significant difference in germinate trait composition at the community level.
Patterns of grassland community composition and structure along an elevational gradient on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhu Jiangling , Peng Shitao , Zheng Tianli , Qi Zhaoyu , Hu Jianbo , Ji Chengjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Grasslands in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau play an important role in preserving ecological security and high biodiversity in this region. However, the distribution of the composition and structure of plant community and the mechanism by which it maintains itself in this region are still poorly understood. Here, we designed 195 grassland plots in 39 grassland sites along an approximately 1700 m elevation gradient on the Northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. We found that the grassland community height decreased significantly with increasing elevation, whereas community coverage did not significantly change. With increasing elevation, plant species richness (α diversity) increased significantly, but the community variability (β diversity) decreased significantly. The constrained clustering analysis suggested that the α- and β-diversity in the grasslands transformed gradually with elevation, and that three discontinuous points (based on community structure) were observed at elevation of 3640, 4252 and 4333 m. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that the increase in precipitation and the decrease in temperature significantly positively influenced α diversity, which was negatively correlated with β diversity. These results demonstrate a quantitative-to-qualitative change in the community composition and structure along this elevational gradient on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.