bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerosolized Human Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Prevents Hyperoxia‐Induced Lung Injury in Mouse Model
Authors: Chen Hsiao-Ling , Chen Chuan-Mu 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveAn important issue in critical care medicine is the identification of ways to protect the lungs from oxygen toxicity and reduce systemic oxidative stress. The current study investigated the ability of aerosolized extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC‐SOD) to protect the lungs from hyperoxic injury.MethodsFemale CD‐1 mice were exposed in hyperoxia (FiO2 > 95%) to induce lung injury. The therapeutic effects of EC‐SOD via an aerosol delivery system for lung injury and systemic oxidative stress at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of hyperoxia were measured by bronchoalveolar lavage, wet/dry ratio, histology, and 8‐oxo‐dG in lung tissue.ResultsAfter exposure to hyperoxia, the wet/dry weight ratio remained stable before day 2 but increased significantly after day 3. Treatment with aerosolized rhEC‐SOD increased the survival rate at day 3 under hyperoxia to 95.8%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (57.1%) and albumin treated group (33.3%). The protective effects of EC‐SOD against hyperoxia were further confirmed by reduced lung edema and systemic oxidative stress.ConclusionThe results encourage the use of an aerosol therapy with EC‐SOD in intensive care units to reduce oxidative injury in patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Effects of a Cognitive Movement Training Machine on Improving Quality of Motion and Physiological Function
Authors: Hayakawa Kimiyasu , Fujii Hisao , Kobayashi Kando 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a cognitive movement training machine (Sprint Training Machine; [STM]) on improving quality of motion and physiological function. The subjects of this study were athletes from a physical education university.Data from the maximum speed phase after acceleration during a timed 50‐m run were compared on Day 1 and three weeks later between two groups, a Machine Group that used the STM for three weeks and a Non‐Machine Group that did not use the STM during the three‐week period. After three weeks, the mean time to run the 50 m for the Machine Group (n=11) was 5.40±0.14 s (compared to 5.59±0.17 s on Day 1), and that for the Non‐Machine Group (n=7) was 5.52±0.21 s (compared to 5.66±0.24 s on Day 1). Significant differences were found in the mean times to run the 50 m on Day 1 and after three weeks between the two groups (Machine, p<0.001; Non‐Machine, p<0.05). The mean increase in stride length for the Machine Group was 16.5±25.4 cm, and that in the Non‐Machine Group was 1.4±18.3 cm.Immediately after using the STM, mean oxygen saturation (SPO2), as measured by pulse oximetry, was 97.5–98.0% and mean heart rate (HR) was 100–120 beats/min.In conclusion, using a cognitive movement training machine, such as the STM, improves quality of motion and physiological function.
Effects of MonaVie RVL Weight Loss Program on Body Composition and Blood Lipids
Authors: Talbott Shawn , Lange Andrew , Eickhoff Jens , Blackhurst Darin 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDNumerous studies show that even modest weight loss improves cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of the MonaVie RVL Weight Loss Program on body weight and metabolic parameters in moderately overweight volunteers.METHODSMen and women between the ages of 18–65 and with a BMI of 27–37 were enrolled in two groups; 36 subjects over 28 days, and 64 subjects over 11 weeks. We assessed body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BF%), and blood lipids (total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol). The RVL program consisted of four components: (1) A meal replacement shake at breakfast and lunch; (2) A dietary supplement based on green tea and African mango consumed 2x/day; (3) A snack bar consumed 2x/day; and (4) A balanced 600‐calorie dinner.RESULTSThe 28‐day trial showed significant changes from baseline for BMI (−0.8 ± 0.6), BW (−4.7 ± 3.3 lbs), WC (−1.8 ± 1.3 in), and leptin (−6.8 ± 9.7 ng/mL), all p<0.01. In the 11‐week trial, significant improvements were observed for BMI (−2.1 ± 1.3), BW (−13.4 ± 9.0 lbs), WC (−3.5 ± 1.9 in), BF% (−1.3% ± 1.1%), and HDL (+9.0 ± 7.3 mg/dL), all p<0.01.CONCLUSIONThese studies demonstrate significant and meaningful health benefits for subjects using the Monavie RVL Weight Loss Program, including improved “good” HDL cholesterol levels and reductions in BMI, waist circumference, body weight, and body fat percentage.
Bovine lactoferrin and its effects on innate immune cells in a complex milk matrix
Authors: Wittke Anja , Wang Yali , Yan Jun 
Published: June 2021

Human milk proteins provide a source of nutrition for the newborn infant but also are associated with biological functions. Lactoferrin is one of the major human milk proteins and has modulating effects on the immune system. This project determined the biological activity of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on innate immune cells in the presence and absence of a liquid cow's milk based matrix (milk matrix) in vitro and in young mice. The expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80 on macrophages was significantly upregulated in vitro by human milk and the milk matrix. The greater expression by the milk matrix was reduced to the CD80 levels of human milk through the addition of bLF. The expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC class II on bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) was upregulated by bLF and the milk matrix but not by human milk. Following oral administration of bLF to mice the respiratory burst capacity of neutrophils was determined. While the milk matrix had no effect, the levels were significantly decreased by human milk and bLF in the presence and absence of the milk matrix. Serum cytokine IL‐6 and IL‐12p40 levels were significantly reduced by the addition of bLF to the milk matrix. These studies demonstrate a biological role of bLF in a complex milk matrix in modulating the response of innate immune cells in in vitro and in vivo experiments.Research Support: provided by Mead Johnson Nutrition
BOND Expert Panel deliberations. Case study 1: Iodine consultation
Authors: Ashour Fayrouz Ahmed Sakr , Raiten Daniel J. 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionBiomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) program is intended to support discovery, development and use of biomarkers for nutritional assessment. To achieve this goal the BOND has constituted nutrient specific Expert Panels (EP) each assigned to review the extant evidence to support the creation of an interactive BOND IT‐based resource including a user‐specific Query‐Based System (QBS). To support their work each EP will convene a nutrient specific consultation that will focus on areas of expertise not resident on the EP and to receive additional input on areas of particular interest to each EP. The Iodine EP was the first to convene their 2‐day consultation.ObjectiveTo report the preliminary results of the Iodine EP consultation and deliberations.ResultsAfter hearing presentations from invited speakers and agreeing on the components of the review outline, the Iodine EP developed a literature search strategy for acquiring requisite data/materials to support their review. The EP identified existing platforms/technologies that might be applicable for iodine specific biomarkers. A research agenda was identified. The EP made suggestions for the structure and content of the BOND IT resources.ConclusionThe EP concluded that a point of departure for the literature review would be the systematic review conducted by the EURRECA program. The EP work assignments and timeline were made for drafting specific sections in the review outline and it was agreed that WHO representatives will be invited to participate in future EP panel deliberations.Support: BMGF; PepsiCo; NIH.
Weight status, dietary intake, physical activity, and subjective social status of adolescents in grades 7–12 participating in a national creative competition
Authors: Spence Marsha L. , Costello Carol , Fitzhugh Eugene , Greer Betty , Muenchen Robert , Gibbs Robert , Moustaid-Moussa Naima 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine if dietary intake (DI), physical activity (PA), and school and family subjective social status (SSS) differed based on weight status (WS).Methods2,438 students in grades 7–12, who were surveyed and measured at a national creative competition, met study criteria and were included in the analysis. BMI was calculated using standard protocol. DI, PA and SSS data were collected via surveys.Results74.3% of participants were normal weight, 15.3% were overweight, and 10.4% were obese. 55.7% of respondents reported participating in ≥60 minutes of PA/day, 86.9% reported viewing <3 hours of TV/day, 20.5% reported consuming ≥3 dairy products/day, and 33.0% reported consuming ≥5 fruits and vegetables/day. There were no differences in DI by WS, but there were significant differences in PA measurements (p≤.001). Perceived family SSS was significantly higher for normal weight students compared to overweight and obese students (p=.019 and p≤ .001, respectively) and school SSS was significantly higher for normal weight students compared to obese students (p=.005).ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity was lower among this sample than current rates estimated in the US. Although the majority of these students met PA guidelines, DI recommendations were not met by most. Similar to previous research about SSS and WS, normal weight students had higher perceived SSS than did obese students.
Severe muscular waste in university student of nutrition science
Authors: Anaya-Loyola Miriam Aracely , Vega ANA Maria , Ronquillo Dolores , Nieves Christian 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein status of young students of Nutrition attending to the University of Querétaro in central México. A total of 39 students, (35 women and 4 men), aged between 19 and 25 years old participated in this study. The average age of participants was 20.8±1.3 years. The average body mass index (BMI) was 22.1±4.1 kg/m2 (within normal range); however, 14.3% of women were underweight and 11.4% presented overweight and/or obesity. In contrast, 33% of men were overweight. 42% of women and 33% of the men had elevated body fat. Over 94% of participants had some type of muscle wasting with the diagnosis of creatinine‐height index. Of those who had normal weight, 36% of them had severe muscle wasting and an additional 20% showed moderate wear, which indicates that, the students of nutrition in order to maintain a healthy weight; they are succeeding at the expense of muscle protein. It is necessary to pay more attention to maintain body compartments and not just the weight of people, avoiding to compromise important structural and metabolic roles.University of Querétaro‐CONCYTEQ
The response score is a tool that measures patients’ response to ketogenic therapy
Authors: Allen Hannah J , Devabhaktuni Divya , Borum Peggy R 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundKetogenic Therapy (KT) is a high fat, low carbohydrate, adequate protein diet used to treat patients with intractable epilepsy with the goal of eliminating seizures and the need for anti‐epileptic drugs (AEDs).ObjectiveTo develop a tool to measure seizure response and need for AEDs during treatment.MethodsRanking numbers are given to five seizure parameters (frequency, type, severity, length, and characteristics), and summed to give the seizure point total (SPT). The seizure score (SS) is the daily SPT as a percent change from the baseline SPT. The medication load (ML) is the prescribed AED dosage divided by the minimum AED dosage. The medication score (MS) is the daily ML as a percent change from the baseline ML. The response score (RS) is the average of the daily SS and MS.ResultsIn our practice we have observed that SS and MS may both decrease, only SS may decrease, or neither parameter may decrease during treatment. The SS, MS, and RS for three patients at the end of the first year on KT are presented in the table below.ConclusionThe RS presents an overall change and can be used to stratify patients into responders and non‐responders to KT.Supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) CTSA grant 1UL1RR029890
Nutrition Education for Practicing Physicians
Authors: Kohlmeier Martin , Adams Kelly M , Zeisel Steven H 
Published: June 2021

Physicians encounter nutrition challenges in their clinical practice on a daily basis. They need an easily accessible training source. The Nutrition in Medicine project is already providing nutrition education for a majority of US medical schools and many international schools. A new series of online nutrition instruction modules is now available for medical residents. Brief segments teach important clinical nutrition skills. Longer modules cover the foundations of nutrition science. All of our online materials are available free of charge for medical students and physicians in training anywhere in the world.We asked during registration about preparedness for nutrition challenges in clinical practice. Of 120 physicians, 95 responded about their preparedness for nutrition counseling. The majority (54%) indicated not to be knowledgeable enough to counsel at least half of their patients on nutritional prevention and treatment of cancer. Half of 114 responders reported that they calculated and interpreted the BMI for only half or fewer of their patients. All of these busy physicians (82% cared for more than 50 patients in the prior 3 months) were interested in adding to their clinical nutrition skills by using our online materials. We will ask them again three months later to find out whether use of our instruction improved their skills and practice patterns.Supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute.
Use of dietary supplements containing 1,3 dimethylamylamine by military personnel
Authors: Austin Krista Gail , McGraw Susan , Carvey Christina , Lieberman Harris R. 
Published: June 2021

Dietary supplement (DS) manufacturers have incorporated sympathomimetic ingredients, including 1,3 dimethylamylamine (DMAA), into body building and weight‐loss DS products. Bodybuilding DS are consumed by approximately 21% of military personnel and 18% report using weight‐loss DS. Recently, concerns regarding the safety of DMAA products have been raised. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of DMAA DS use in this population. Surveys (N=1642) regarding DS use over the past 6 months were collected from a convenience sample of Air Force (n =1159) and Army (n=483) personnel. Air Force personnel were surveyed in multiple locations throughout the US and abroad; Army personnel were surveyed in Kuwait and Afghanistan. Twenty‐two percent of survey respondents [Air Force = 23%; Army = 18%] used a DS containing DMAA. Frequency of DMAA DS use was: > 1×/month 6% [Airforce = 7% ; Army = 5%]; > 1×/week 10% [Air Force = 11% ; Army = 9%]; daily 5% [Air Force = 5% ; Army = 4%]. Given the popularity of DMAA DS in military and perhaps civilian populations, research examining the pathophysiologic effects of DMAA and possible adverse health effects related to its consumption is essential.(Support: US Army Medical Research & Materiel Command, Department of Defense Center Alliance for Dietary Supplement Research)
(−)‐Nyasol, isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides suppresses neuroinflammatory response through the inhibition of I‐[kappa]B[alpha]degradation in LPS‐stimulated BV‐2 microglial cells
Authors: Li Hua , Lee Yu-ih , Chang Hee Ryun , Ryu Jae-Ha 
Published: June 2021

Activation of microglia has been associated with pathological hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of microglial activation by inhibiting the production of pro‐inflammatory molecules can be useful therapeutic approach against neurodegenerative disorders.Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae) has been used as an anti‐pyretic, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐diabetic agent in traditional medicine in Korea, China and Japan. (−)‐Nyasol, a norlignan isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides, showed anti‐inflammatory potential in LPS‐activated BV‐2 microglial cells. (−)‐Nyasol suppressed the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and Interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) in activated microglial cells. It also inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by down‐regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (i‐NOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), respectively. These inhibitory effects were correlated with the suppression of LPS‐induced nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) nuclear translocation through the inactivation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). These results suggest that (−)‐nyasol can be a modulator in neuro‐inflammatory conditions induced by microglial activation.
The effects of retinoblastoma (Rb) deletion on intestinal lipid absorption
Authors: Wandu Sylvia , Leinicke Jennifer , Erwin Christopher , Warner Brad 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) may play a role in modulating the absorption of lipids within the small bowel. Rb null mice are characterized by an increased intestinal surface area compared to wild‐type (WT) mice. This study investigates the effects of Rb deficiency on lipid absorptive capacity with normal and high fat diets.MethodsRb null and WT mice were maintained on normal and high fat diets for short and long–term periods. Mice where weighted weekly. Fat absorption and fecal fat were determined using an extraction protocol. Lean mass and body fat were determined via nuclear magnetic resonanceResultsNo differences in weight were found between Rb null and WT mice. The Rb null mice on normal chow had higher fecal fat compared to WT; however no significant difference in fat absorption was seen between the groups. Similar results were observed after the same mice were placed on a short‐term high fat diet. An extended high fat diet showed Rb null mice maintained a higher fecal fat while fat absorption increased in WT mice. No significant differences in body fat or lean mass were found between Rb null and WT mice on a prolonged high fat diet.ConclusionRegardless of the type of diet given, Rb null mice absorb lipids at a lower capacity compared to WT mice. Enhanced bowel surface area seems to serves no advantage in regards to lipid absorption.Research supported by NIH grant DK 59288‐06A2
Activation of Na,KATPase signaling protects against glomerulo‐tubular disconnection
Authors: Burlaka Ievgeniia , Holtback Ulla , Liu Xiao Li , Eklof Ann-Christine , Fogo Agnes , Aperia Anita 
Published: June 2021

Glomerulo‐tubular disconnection and formation of atubular glomeruli is a common feature in glomerular and tubular disorders and is believed to contribute to progression of renal disease. Apoptosis of proximal tubular cells caused by proteinuria is considered a main cause of the disconnection. Our group has identified a novel signaling system in the kidney that is activated by ouabain and involves Na,K‐ATPase and the inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor. Downstream effects include activation of antiapoptotic factor Bcl‐xL and protection from apoptosis. Here we have examined whether chronic ouabain treatment prevents glomerulo‐tubular disconnections in rats with Passive Heymann Nephritis (PHN), followed for 4 months. Rats received ouabain (15 μg/kg/day) or vehicle via mini pumps. The number of apoptotic cells at the glomerulo‐tubular disconnection, number of atubular glomeruli and serum creatinine were significantly lower in PHN/ouabain than in PHN/vehicle rats.ConclusionProteinuria‐induced apoptosis and glomerulo‐tubular disconnection can be alleviated by the antiapoptotic signaling pathway triggered by ouabain.
GSK3 negatively regulates stress response mediated by transcription factor Nrf1, resulting in increased neuronal apoptosis and neurodegeneration
Authors: Biswas Madhurima , Chan Jefferson Y. 
Published: June 2021

Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Nuclear factor E2‐related factor 1 (Nrf1), a member of the Cap n Collar basic‐leucine zipper family of transcription factor, is highly expressed in neuronal cells, and directs expression of genes encoding antioxidants and proteins that make up the proteasome. We found that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which has been implicated in the causation of neurodegenerative disorders, negatively regulates Nrf1 expression by targeting it for ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. Nrf1 knockdown neuronal cells are sensitized to ER and oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis. Mutation of GSK3 phosphorylation sites on Nrf1 leads to protein stabilization, and protects against stress‐induced apoptosis. Over expression of kinase dead mutant of GSK3 reduces stress‐mediated apoptosis in the Nrf1 knock down cell line. These studies demonstrate a mechanism by which Nrf1 expression is regulated and how Nrf1 impacts on stress‐mediated apoptosis of neuronal cells.Source of Funding – NIH grant.
The influenza virus hemagglutinin mediates secondary bacterial otitis media by inducing middle ear inflammation
Authors: Wijburg Odilia , Reading Patrick , Browne Lorena , Pedersen John , Gilbertson Brad , Hermans Peter , DIavatopoulos Dimitri , Short Kirsty 
Published: June 2021

Otitis media (OM) is an inflammatory disease of the middle ear that affects almost every child under the age of five and can lead to fatal meningitis or permanent hearing loss. We investigated the role of influenza A virus (IAV) surface proteins in inducing bacterial otitis media, using a novel infant mouse model and a panel of reassortant virus strains.Our results showed that the viral hemagglutinin (HA) facilitates pneumococcal OM. Of the two HA subtypes currently circulating in the community, only H3 viruses induced disease. The ability of H3 viruses to induce pneumococcal OM reflected their ability to induce middle ear inflammation, which was dependent on virus replication and enhanced viral titers in the middle ear following an H3, rather than H1, infection. The clinical relevance of these data was confirmed in vitro using human middle ear epithelial cells where we demonstrated that the HA of Udorn/72 mediated increased viral infection and inflammation. We conclude that the H3 HA plays a key role in the development of pneumococcal OM. These data provide an exciting contrast to previous studies on pneumococcal pneumonia and suggest that monitoring the HAs of circulating IAV strains may play an important role in predicting the likely incidence of bacterial OM. Thus, targeting the influenza HA may represent a novel therapeutic approach to prevent pneumococcal disease including OM. Supported by Australian NHMRC.
Effect of neutrophils from septic patients on endothelial barrier function
Authors: Fox Elizabeth , Heffernan Daithi , Reichner Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDSepsis is marked by systemic activation of the inflammatory system. With ongoing inflammation, integrity of the endothelium is compromised, leading to vascular leak, hypotension, and organ hypoperfusion. The effect of neutrophils obtained from septic patients on the integrity of the endothelial monolayer was examined and compared to naïve and fMLP‐activated cells.METHODSBlood was obtained from septic patients and healthy volunteers. Neutrophils were purified from whole blood using anti‐CD15 affinity bead purification. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were grown to confluence and activated with TNFα. The relative effect of neutrophils on endothelial barrier function was determined by endothelial cell‐substrate impedance sensing.RESULTSAll neutrophil populations decreased monolayer resistance; however, the kinetics and extent of effect varied according to cell source and treatment. Neutrophils from septic patients caused less decrease in barrier function and exhibited a more biphasic response over time, compared to naïve and activated neutrophils.CONCLUSIONSNeutrophils from septic patients manifest a distinctly different effect on endothelial barrier function when compared to fully activated or naïve cells. Supported by NIHGM066194.