bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1.8  µm band broadband hybrid light source employing a combination of a super luminescent diode and thulium-doped fiber amplifier
Authors: Ota Kazuya , Ono Jun , Mori Hiroshi , Ono Hirotaka , Koyama Osanori , Ikeda Kanami , Yamada Makoto 
Published: September 2021

We have proposed a broadband hybrid light source that combines a super
luminescent diode (SLD) and thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) and
operates in the 1.8 µm band. This light source can improve the
characteristics of the output spectrum by amplifying the output light
of the SLD with TDFA. In this study, we investigate the dependence of
the output spectral characteristics of the hybrid broadband light
source on the thulium-doped fiber (TDF) length used in the TDFA as
well as the output spectra of three newly developed SLDs of 1660,
1690, and 1730 nm bands. In the evaluation of the output bandwidth,
there are various definitions of output bandwidth, but we adopted the
bandwidth with power density of over

−

40

d
B
m

/

0.1

n
m

. This is because it is possible to
evaluate in this band with a dynamic range of “30 dB/0.1 nm” by using
a general optical spectrum analyzer. The hybrid light source achieves
the bandwidth of 332 nm, from 1579 to 1911 nm, and a high total output
power of over 15 dBm. The maximum ripple was less than

∼

0.1

d
B

, which is similar to the maximum
value of that of the SLD, without any deterioration in the ripple
characteristics owing to the hybrid configuration of the SLD and
TDFA.
Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti from Tapachula, Mexico: Spatial variation and response to historical insecticide use
Authors: Solis-Santoyo Francisco , Rodriguez Americo D. , Penilla-Navarro R. Patricia , Sanchez Daniel , Castillo-Vera Alfredo , Lopez-Solis Alma D. , Vazquez-Lopez Eduardo D. , Lozano Saul , Black William C. , Saavedra-Rodriguez Karla 
Published: September 2021

Background
Insecticide use continues as the main strategy to control Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. In the city of Tapachula, Mexico, mosquito control programs switched from pyrethroids to organophosphates for outdoor spatial spraying in 2013. Additionally, the spraying scheme switched from total coverage to focused control, prioritizing areas with higher entomological-virological risk. Five years after this strategy had been implemented, we evaluated the status and variability of insecticide resistance among Ae. aegypti collected at 26 sites in Tapachula.

Methodology/Principal findings
We determined the lethal concentrations at 50% of the tested populations (LC50) using a bottle bioassay, and then, we calculated the resistance ratio (RR) relative to the susceptible New Orleans strain. Permethrin and deltamethrin (pyrethroids), chlorpyrifos and malathion (organophosphates), and bendiocarb (carbamate) were tested. The frequencies of the substitutions V1016I and F1534C, which are in the voltage-gated sodium channel and confer knockdown-resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides, were calculated. Despite 5 years having passed since the removal of pyrethroids from the control programs, Ae. aegypti remained highly resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin (RR > 10-fold). In addition, following 5 years of chlorpyrifos use, mosquitoes at 15 of 26 sites showed moderate resistance to chlorpyrifos (5- to 10-fold), and the mosquitoes from one site were highly resistant. All sites had low resistance to malathion (< 5-fold). Resistance to bendiocarb was low at 19 sites, moderate at five, and high at two. Frequencies of the V1016I ranged from 0.16–0.71, while C1534 approached fixation at 23 sites (0.8–1). Resistance profiles and kdr allele frequencies varied across Tapachula. The variability was not associated with a spatial pattern at the scale of the sampling.

Conclusion/Significance
Mosquito populations respond to selection pressure at a focal scale in the field. Spatial variation across sites highlights the importance of testing multiple sites within geographical regions.
Married women’s decision-making autonomy in the household and maternal and neonatal healthcare utilization and associated factors in Debretabor, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Azmeraw Ambachew , Cherkos Endeshaw Admasu , Taye Eden Bishaw , Eriku Getachew Azeze , Taye Birhan Tsegaw , Chanie Wagaye Fentahun 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundWomen’s decision-making autonomy is very crucial for the improvement of women empowerment, and maternal, neonatal, and child healthcare utilization. As time immemorial, Ethiopian culture is largely gender stratified, and the position of women is subordinate to men in various household and health-seeking decision-making matters. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence on women’s decision-making autonomy, especially in the household and on maternal and newborn healthcare utilization. Therefore, this study assessed married women’s decision-making autonomy in the household and on maternal and neonatal healthcare utilization and associated factors in Debretabor, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1stto 30th, 2019. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select 730 married women. Data were collected using a structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into EPI INFO 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with women’s decision-making autonomy in the household and maternal and neonatal healthcare utilization. The adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance at a p-value of ≤ 0.05.ResultsA total of 730 married women were included in the analysis. Thus, three-fourths (75.1%) of women had higher decision-making autonomy on their health, neonatal health, and other socio-economic aspects. Besides, the proportion of four and above antenatal visits, delivery at a health facility, postnatal checkup, knowledge of neonatal danger signs, and appropriate health-seeking practices for sick newborns among autonomous women were 52.1%, 56.1%, 71.4%, 32%, and 80% respectively. Age greater than 35 years old (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.62), monthly income of > 5000 ETB (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.36, 7.07), husband involvement (AOR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.55, 3.43), and adequate knowledge of neonatal danger signs (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.2) were factors independently associated with women’s decision-making autonomy on maternal and neonatal healthcare utilization and other socio-economic affairs.ConclusionOur findings show that women’s decision-making autonomy in the household and maternal and neonatal healthcare utilization was optimal. Increasing household income level, promotion of husband’s involvement starting from the prenatal period, and increasing women’s knowledge of maternal and neonatal danger signs will have a great role in the improvement of women’s decision-making autonomy.
Adolescents may accurately self-collect pharyngeal and rectal clinical specimens for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection
Authors: Vavala Gabriella , Goldbeck Cameron , Bristow Claire C. , Stafylis Chrysovalantis , Adamson Paul C. , Polanco Dianna , Ocasio Manuel A. , Fournier Jasmine , Romero-Espinoza Adriana , Flynn Risa , Bolan Robert , Fernandez M. Isabel , Swendeman Dallas , Comulada W. Scott , Lee Sung-Jae , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane , Klausner Jeffrey D. ,   the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network (ATN) CARES Team
Published: September 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic illuminated the benefits of telemedicine. Self-collected specimens are a promising alternative to clinician-collected specimens when in-person testing is not feasible. In this study, we assessed the adequacy of self-collected pharyngeal and rectal specimens for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among individuals undergoing chlamydia and gonorrhea screening.

Methods
We used data from a large cohort study that included male and female adolescents between the ages of 12–24 years. We considered self-collected specimens adequate for clinical use if the human synthase gene (a control target of the assay) was detected in the specimen.

Results
In total, 2,458 specimens were included in the analysis. The human synthase gene was detected in 99.2% (2,439/2,458) of all self-collected specimens, 99.5% (1,108/1,114) of the pharyngeal specimens, and 99.0% (1,331/1,344) of the rectal specimens.

Conclusion
Self-collected pharyngeal and rectal specimens demonstrated a very high proportion of human gene presence, suggesting that self-collection was accurate. A limitation of this study is that the sample adequacy control detects the presence or absence of the human hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene, but it does not indicate the specific anatomic origin of the human hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene. Self-collected specimens may be an appropriate alternative to clinician-collected specimens.
Comparison of characteristics and management of emergency department presentations between patients with met and unmet palliative care needs
Authors: Kirkland Scott W. , Garrido Clua Miriam , Kruhlak Maureen , Villa-Roel Cristina , Couperthwaite Stephanie , Yang Esther H. , Elwi Adam , O’Neill Barbara , Duggan Shelley , Brisebois Amanda , Rowe Brian H. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
This study examined emergency department (ED) presentations of patients with end of life (EOL) conditions and patients having met and unmet palliative care needs were compared.

Methods
Presentations for EOL conditions were prospectively identified and screened for palliative care needs. Descriptive data were reported as proportions, means or medians. Bi-variable analysis for dichotomous and continuous variables were performed by chi-squared and T-tests (p≤0.01), respectively. A multivariable logistic regression model identified factors associated with having unmet palliative needs and reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Overall, 663 presentations for EOL conditions were identified; 518 (78%) involved patients with unmet palliative care needs. Presentations by patients with unmet palliative needs were more likely to involve consultations (80% vs. 67%, p = 0.001) and result in hospitalization (69% vs. 51%, p<0.001) compared to patients whose palliative needs were met. Patients with unmet palliative care needs were more likely to have previous ED visits (73% unmet vs. 48% met; p<0.001). While medication, procedures, investigations and imaging ordering were high across all patients with EOL conditions, there were no significant differences between the groups. Consultations with palliative specialists in the ED (6% unmet vs. 1% met) and following discharge (29% unmet vs. 18% met) were similarly uncommon. Patients having two or more EOL conditions (aOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.16, 5.00), requiring hospitalization (aOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.30, 2.87), and dying during the ED visit (aOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.02, 4.53) were strongly associated with having unmet palliative care needs.

Conclusions
Most ED presentations for EOL conditions were made by patients with unmet palliative care needs, who were significantly more likely to require consultation, hospitalization, and to die. Referrals to palliative care services during and after the ED visit were infrequent, indicating important opportunities to promote these services.
Effect of laser irradiation on morphology and dielectric properties of quartz fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Zhang Li , Tan Fuli , Xiao Zhichao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The quartz fiber-reinforced epoxy resin-based composites (QFRECs) were fabricated by resin transfer molding (RTM), and then the effect of laser ablation on the structure and dielectric properties of the prepared composite was investigated. The FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses show that the thermal decomposition, pyrolysis, carbonization, graphitization, and ablation occurred on the surface of the epoxy resin under laser irradiation. The in situ produced carbon endows the QFREC with an improved dielectric constant, which increases maximally from 3.3 to 4.5 in the range of 7–17 GHz under the energy intensity of 226 W·cm−2. Compared with short-time irradiation (5 s), long-time irradiation (10 s) exhibits a greater impact on the dielectric constant due to the formation of crystal graphite at prolonged high temperature. Meanwhile, the rough and deep pits are inclined to form onthe surface of the long-time irradiative composite. These findings provide guidance for the practical application of QFREC as wave-transmitting materials.
New nurse graduates and rapidly changing clinical situations: the role of expert critical care nurse mentors
Authors: Kennedy Julie , Astroth Kim M. , Woith Wendy M. , Novotny Nancy L. , Jenkins Sheryl H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
New nurse graduates may be prone to instances of failure to rescue. Mentoring programs may be an opportunity to assist them with clinical decision making in situations of patient decline. We explored the experiences of new nurse graduates and expert nurses after participation in a mentoring program.

Methods
In this exploratory-descriptive study, five seasoned nurses were paired with five new nurse graduates. After four months, the new nurse graduates were interviewed, and the expert nurses participated in a focus group.

Results
Themes emerged for the new nurse graduates: 1) importance of the charge nurse, 2) differences in practice areas, and 3) supportive healthcare teams. The focus group revealed three themes: 1) remembering what it was like, 2) desiring to help, and 3) having confidence in their preparation as mentors.

Conclusions
New nurse graduates relied on charge nurses for assistance. Therefore, it is imperative that charge nurses receive adequate support.
Phase analysis and corrosion behavior of brazing Cu/Al dissimilar metal joint with BAl88Si filler metal
Authors: Yu Hua , Zhang Liangliang , Li Shuai , Cai Fangfang , Li Yunpeng , Shi Yinkai , Zhong Sujuan , Ma Jia , Jiu Yongtao , Long Weimin , Dong Honggang , Wei Shizhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To meet the requirements of automatic production, a new type of green BAl88Si cored solder was developed. The lap brazing experiments were carried out with copper and aluminum as brazing substrates. The microstructure, phase composition, and corrosion behavior of solder joint interface were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron backscattering diffraction, tensile testing machine, and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the brazing joint of Cu/BAl88Si/Al is metallurgical bonding, and the brazing joint of Cu/BAl88Si/Al is composed of Cu9Al4, CuAl2, a-Al, (CuAl2 + a-Al + Si) ternary eutectic. In addition, there is no obvious preference for each grain in the brazing joint, and there are S texture {123}<634>, Copper texture {112}<111>, and Brass texture {110}<112>. The interface of Cu9Al4/CuAl2 is a non-coherent crystal plane and does not have good lattice matching. The average particle size of CuAl2 is 11.95 µm and that of Al is 28.3 µm. However, the kernel average misorientation (KAM) value at the brazed joint interface is obviously higher than that at the brazed joint interface copper, so the defect density at the brazed joint interface aluminum is higher than that at the brazed joint interface copper. At the same time, due to poor corrosion resistance at the interface on the aluminum side of the brazed joint, serious corrosion spots and corrosion cracks occur at the same time, which leads to the shear performance of the brazed joint decreasing by about 75% after salt spray test for 240 h.
Optimization of volume fraction and microstructure evolution during thermal deformation of nano-SiCp/Al–7Si composites
Authors: Dong Xuedan , Wang Aiqin , Xie Jingpei , Wang Zhen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper takes nano-SiCp/Al–7Si matrix composites prepared by powder metallurgy as the research object. With the help of advanced microstructure characterization techniques and performance analysis methods, the effect of nano-SiCp volume fraction on the microstructure and properties of composites is systematically studied. Based on optimizing the volume fraction of nano-SiCp, the thermal deformation behavior of the composites is investigated. It was found that with an increase of nano-SiCp content, the distribution uniformity of nano-SiCp decreases gradually. And because the surface of nano-SiCp is easy to adsorb gas and the aggregated distribution of nano-SiCp is not conducive to the sintering process, the density of the composites shows a gradually decreasing trend. The hardness of the composites tends increasing gradually, and the increase in amplitude gradually decreases. Due to the addition of nano-SiCp, there are many interfaces between SiCp and Al matrix, and cracks are prone to initiation and expansion at the interface. Therefore, as the volume fraction of nano-SiCp increases, the elongation of nano-SiCp/Al–7Si composites gradually decreases. When the volume fraction of nano-SiCp is 2%, the strength of the composites reaches the maximum value of 217 MPa. Compared with the Al–Si alloy without adding nano-SiCp, the results increased by 37.3%. In addition, with the decrease of strain rate and the increase of deformation temperature, the dislocation density in the composites gradually decreases, and the dynamic softening progresses more fully. The dynamic recrystallization nucleation mechanism mainly includes the subcrystal merging mechanism and the grain boundary bowing mechanism.
Spirituelle Krise und Selbstwertkrise in der psychoanalytischen Behandlung
Authors: Erhardt Ingrid 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIn dem vorliegenden Beitrag untersucht die Autorin die Frage, ob und inwiefern psychoanalytische Therapie mit einer kultur- und religionssensiblen aber auch neutralen therapeutischen Haltung für Menschen mit einer depressiven und spirituellen Krise hilfreich sein kann. In die psychoanalytische und psychotherapeutische Praxis kommen zunehmend mehr Menschen unterschiedlicher Herkunft, die nicht nur ihren jeweiligen kulturellen Hintergrund, sondern auch verschiedene Religionen mitbringen. Darunter sind auch zunehmend mehr Muslime und Musliminnen mit ihrer eigenen kulturellen und religiösen Erfahrungswelt und Überzeugungen von Heilung und seelischem Wachstum, was eine Herausforderung für eine/n westlich sozialisierte Psychoanalytiker/-in darstellen kann. In diesem Beitrag wird postuliert, dass eine existenzielle Erfahrung (z. B. Trennung) bei einem religiösen Menschen nicht nur eine spirituelle Krise auslösen kann, sondern auch mit einer depressiven Krise einhergeht. Dies wird anhand einer psychoanalytischen Behandlung eines muslimischen Mannes in einer Kasuistik dargestellt. Eine Abweichung von einem kulturell bzw. religiös klar definierten Wertekanon löst Versagenserleben und damit Scham- und Schuldgefühle aus, die depressives Erleben verstärken und aufrechterhalten. Die Bearbeitung der Selbstwert- und Schuldkonflikte steht daher im Mittelpunkt der psychotherapeutischen Arbeit, wobei eine kultur- und religionssensible therapeutische Haltung unerlässlich ist.
Physical Therapy and Health Care Utilization for Older Adults With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Schmidt Catherine T. , Ogarek Jessica , Resnik Linda 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is associated with high health care utilization for older adults. Physical therapy (PT) offers low medical risk and reduced cost burden with functional outcomes that appear to be equivalent to higher risk interventions such as surgery. However, it is unknown whether receipt of PT following incident LSS diagnosis is associated with reduced health care utilization. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare health characteristics for Medicare beneficiaries who received outpatient PT within 30 days of incident LSS diagnosis to those who did not; (2) compare the 1-year utilization rates for specific health care services for these 2 groups; and (3) quantify the likelihood of progression to specific health services based on the receipt of PT.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study using nationally representative claims data for Medicare Part B beneficiaries between 2007 and 2010. Lumbar spinal stenosis was determined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Beneficiaries 65 years and older were classified into 2 groups (PT and no PT) based on receipt of PT within 30 days of initial diagnosis. Baseline characteristics were identified at incident diagnosis. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for the risk of receiving health services outcomes including spinal surgery, spinal injections, chiropractic care, advanced imaging, spinal radiographs, opioid medication, nonopioid analgesics, and hospitalizations beginning on day 31 up to 1 year following incident LSS diagnosis.

Results and Discussion:
Among 60 646 Medicare beneficiaries with incident LSS who met the inclusion criteria, 1124 were classified in the PT group and 59 522 in the no PT group. Compared with the PT group, beneficiaries in the no PT group had a greater risk of having hospitalizations (HR = 1.40), opioid medications (HR = 1.29), spinal surgery (HR = 1.29), and spinal radiographs (HR = 1.19) within 1 year.

Conclusions:
Fewer than 2% of Medicare beneficiaries received PT within 30 days of initial LSS diagnosis. Receipt of PT was associated with less utilization of higher risk and costly health services for 1 year. These results may inform practitioners when making early decisions about rehabilitative care for older adults with LSS.
An Individualized Intervention Increases Sleep Duration in Professional Athletes
Authors: Sargent Charli , Lastella Michele , Schwerdt Stephen , Roach Gregory D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Sargent, C, Lastella, M, Schwerdt, S, and Roach, GD. An individualized intervention increases sleep duration in professional athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3407–3413, 2021—Athletes typically obtain less sleep than is generally recommended for healthy adults. The aim of this study was to determine whether individualized feedback could increase sleep duration in professional cricket players in the 3 weeks before the start of the domestic season. Players were randomly assigned to a control group (i.e., no individual feedback; n = 8) or an intervention group (i.e., individual feedback about bedtime, wake time, and sleep duration; n = 7). Night-time sleep and daytime naps were monitored using wrist activity monitors in conjunction with self-report sleep diaries for 1 week before, and 1 week after, the feedback intervention. Cumulative sleep duration was calculated as the sum of the sleep duration for a night-time sleep episode and any naps that occurred on the following day. Differences in cumulative sleep duration before and after the intervention were examined using a mixed-effects analysis of variance. There was an interaction between group and week for cumulative sleep duration (p = 0.039; η2 = 0.6; large). The average cumulative sleep duration was longer (+36 minutes) in the intervention group in week 2 compared with week 1. Individualized feedback can be used to increase sleep duration in professional cricket players. In future, it will be important to determine whether improvements in sleep duration can be maintained throughout the season.