bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure specific DNA recognition by the SLX1–SLX4 endonuclease complex
Authors: Xu Xiang , Wang Mingzhu , Sun Jixue , Yu Zhenyu , Li Guohong , Yang Na , Xu Rui-Ming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The SLX1–SLX4 structure-specific endonuclease complex is involved in processing diverse DNA damage intermediates, including resolution of Holliday junctions, collapse of stalled replication forks and removal of DNA flaps. The nuclease subunit SLX1 is inactive on its own, but become activated upon binding to SLX4 via its conserved C-terminal domain (CCD). Yet, how the SLX1–SLX4 complex recognizes specific DNA structure and chooses cleavage sites remains unknown. Here we show, through a combination of structural, biochemical and computational analyses, that the SAP domain of SLX4 is critical for efficient and accurate processing of 5′-flap DNA. It binds the minor groove of DNA about one turn away from the flap junction, and the 5′-flap is implicated in binding the core domain of SLX1. This binding mode accounts for specific recognition of 5′-flap DNA and specification of cleavage site by the SLX1–SLX4 complex.
Multiethnic Prediction of Nicotine Biomarkers and Association With Nicotine Dependence
Authors: Bergen Andrew W , McMahan Christopher S , McGee Stephen , Ervin Carolyn M , Tindle Hilary A , Le Marchand Loïc , Murphy Sharon E , Stram Daniel O , Patel Yesha M , Park Sungshim L , Baurley James W 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe nicotine metabolite ratio and nicotine equivalents are measures of metabolism rate and intake. Genome-wide prediction of these nicotine biomarkers in multiethnic samples will enable tobacco-related biomarker, behavioral, and exposure research in studies without measured biomarkers.Aims and MethodsWe screened genetic variants genome-wide using marginal scans and applied statistical learning algorithms on top-ranked genetic variants, age, ethnicity and sex, and, in additional modeling, cigarettes per day (CPD), (in additional modeling) to build prediction models for the urinary nicotine metabolite ratio (uNMR) and creatinine-standardized total nicotine equivalents (TNE) in 2239 current cigarette smokers in five ethnic groups. We predicted these nicotine biomarkers using model ensembles and evaluated external validity using dependence measures in 1864 treatment-seeking smokers in two ethnic groups.ResultsThe genomic regions with the most selected and included variants for measured biomarkers were chr19q13.2 (uNMR, without and with CPD) and chr15q25.1 and chr10q25.3 (TNE, without and with CPD). We observed ensemble correlations between measured and predicted biomarker values for the uNMR and TNE without (with CPD) of 0.67 (0.68) and 0.65 (0.72) in the training sample. We observed inconsistency in penalized regression models of TNE (with CPD) with fewer variants at chr15q25.1 selected and included. In treatment-seeking smokers, predicted uNMR (without CPD) was significantly associated with CPD and predicted TNE (without CPD) with CPD, time-to-first-cigarette, and Fagerström total score.ConclusionsNicotine metabolites, genome-wide data, and statistical learning approaches developed novel robust predictive models for urinary nicotine biomarkers in multiple ethnic groups. Predicted biomarker associations helped define genetically influenced components of nicotine dependence.ImplicationsWe demonstrate development of robust models and multiethnic prediction of the uNMR and TNE using statistical and machine learning approaches. Variants included in trained models for nicotine biomarkers include top-ranked variants in multiethnic genome-wide studies of smoking behavior, nicotine metabolites, and related disease. Association of the two predicted nicotine biomarkers with Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence items supports models of nicotine biomarkers as predictors of physical dependence and nicotine exposure. Predicted nicotine biomarkers may facilitate tobacco-related disease and treatment research in samples with genomic data and limited nicotine metabolite or tobacco exposure data.
Post-severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Hospitalizations as a Sentinel for Emergence of Viral Variants in New York City
Authors: Cowman Kelsie , Guo Yi , Pirofski Liise-anne , Wong David , Bao Hongkai , Chen Victor , Hopkins Una , Andrews Erin , Hamel Joseph , Keller Marla , Bellin Eran , Thota Raja , Davis Patricia , Rodriguez Edwin Torres , Suthar Pooja , Allen Lauren , Rossi James , Haviland Adam , Orner Erika , Szymczak Wendy , Shujauddin Sadahf , McCarthy James , Binder Barbara , Pushparaj Vanitha , Bard Linda , Pierino Vincent Frank , Alsina Leslie , Esses David , McCaskie Alicia , Campbell Caron , Madzura Tabitha , Wollowitz Andrew , Basset Kelly , White Deborah , Ruiz Rafael , Sosnowski Frank , Nori Priya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We partnered with the US Department of Health and Human Services to treat high-risk, nonadmitted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with bamlanivimab in the Bronx, New York per Emergency Use Authorization criteria. Increasing posttreatment hospitalizations were observed monthly between December 2020 and March 2021 in parallel to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants in New York City.
Do Acupuncture Services Reduce Subsequent Utilization of Opioids and Surgical Interventions Compared to Noninvasive Therapies among Patients with Pain Conditions?
Authors: Pham Timothy , Ma Qinli , Agiro Abiy , Bukowiec Julie , Flannery Terry 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
To compare prescribed opioid use and invasive surgical interventions between patients using acupuncture and those using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)/physical therapy (PT).

Design
Retrospective observational study of administrative claims.

Setting
Large commercial insurance plan.

Subjects
52 346 each treated with either acupuncture or NSAIDs/PT.

Methods
Users of acupuncture and NSAIDs/PT were identified from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017. The first date of each service was defined as the index date. Acupuncture patients were 1:1 propensity score matched to the NSAIDs/PT group on baseline characteristics. Outcomes included opioid use, subsequent invasive surgical procedures, healthcare utilization such as hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits, and costs. These were assessed in the 12-month period before index date (baseline) and 12-month period following index date (follow-up) using difference-in-difference (DID) analysis. Results for opioid use were stratified by those with and without baseline opioid use.

Results
The acupuncture group had fewer patients initiating opioids post-index both among those with (49.2% vs 56.5%, P &lt; .001) and without (15.9% vs 22.6%, P &lt; .001) baseline opioid use. There was a small increase in invasive surgical procedures with acupuncture (3.1% vs 2.8%, P = .006). A reduction in ED visits was observed with acupuncture (DID −4.6% for all-cause; −3.3% for pain-related, all P &lt; .001). Acupuncture was associated with higher total medical and pharmacy costs (DID +$1331 per patient, P = .006).

Conclusions
Acupuncture showed a modest effect in reducing opioid use and ED visits. More research on acupuncture’s place in emergency care, pain relief, and comparison to other types of non-opioid treatment is needed.
Erasing Indian Country: Urban Native Space and the 1972 Rapid City Flood
Authors: Hausmann Stephen R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In June 1972, a flood tore through Rapid City, South Dakota and the surrounding Black Hills, killing at least 238 people, a disproportionate number of them Native people. Many whose lives and homes were destroyed lived in neighborhoods perilously close to the banks of Rapid Creek, including the vestiges of a Native neighborhood known as Osh Kosh Camp. This article asks why those people lived in that place at that time. I argue that White Americans racialized certain spaces, including urban spaces, under the conceptual framework of Indian Country as part of the process of settler colonialism. As a result, the American project of racializing western spaces attempted to erase Native people from Rapid City and its history. Despite this, Native people continued to live and work in the city throughout the twentieth century. After the flood, Native people had less access to recovery funding despite bearing a disproportionate cost from the disaster, and city officials did not take the needs of the city’s Native community into account when planning for Rapid City’s recovery. Despite the goals of White settlers, the attempt at erasing Indian Country failed. The Flood and its aftermath helped galvaniized Native protest and resistance in the Black Hills.
IV Chaucer
Authors: Pitard Derrick , Simon-Jones Lindsey , Twu Krista Sue-Lo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter has five sections 1. General; 2. The Canterbury Tales; 3. Troilus and Criseyde; 4. Other Works; 5. Reception. Section 1 is by Krista Sue-Lo Twu; section 2 is by Krista Sue-Lo Twu with additions by Lindsey Simon-Jones; sections 3 and 4 are by Derrick Pitard with additions by Lindsey Simon-Jones; section 5 is by Lindsey Simon-Jones.
CE: Postpartum Depression: A Nurse's Guide
Authors: Alba Barbara Marie 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:
Despite extensive research, the etiology behind postpartum depression (PPD) remains a mystery. Experts have theorized about various potential risk factors, including hormonal fluctuations, genetics, prior history of depression, low socioeconomic status, adolescent pregnancy, and certain personality traits. This article provides foundational information about PPD, reviewing the risk factors for and the consequences of this mood disorder. Postpartum blues and postpartum psychosis are briefly discussed for context, although they differ from PPD. Screening and treatment options are explained, and nursing implications for practice are presented.
Bed-Sharing in the First 6 Months: Associations with Infant-Mother Attachment, Infant Attention, Maternal Bonding, and Sensitivity at 18 Months
Authors: Bilgin Ayten , Wolke Dieter 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate whether bed-sharing during the first 6 months of life is associated with infant's attachment and behavioral outcomes and mother's bonding and sensitive parenting at 18 months of age.

Methods:
The sample with complete longitudinal data comprised 178 infants and their caretakers. Bed-sharing was assessed with maternal report at term, 3, 6, and 18 months. Infant attachment was measured at 18 months using the strange situation procedure. Infant behavioral outcomes (i.e., poor attention/hyperactivity and task persistence) were assessed with 2 observational measures at 18 months. Maternal sensitivity was observed at 3 and 18 months, and mothers reported on bonding to their infant at term, 3, and 18 months.

Results:
Bed-sharing was common at term (41.2%), which decreased at 3 months (22.6%) followed by a slight increase at 6 (27.5%) and 18 months of age (31.3%). No associations between bed-sharing during the first 6 months and infant-mother attachment and infant behavioral outcomes at 18 months were found. Similarly, there were no associations between bed-sharing during the first 6 months and maternal bonding and sensitivity at consequent assessment points (i.e., 3 and 18 months).

Conclusion:
Bed-sharing during the first 6 months is not associated with positive or negative outcomes about infant-mother attachment, infant behavior, maternal bonding, or sensitive parenting.
Parental Opinions on Medical Decision-Making in Adolescence: A Case-Based Survey
Authors: Stavleu Debbie C. , Peter de Winter J. , Veenstra Xandra , van Stralen Karlijn J. , De Coninck David , Matthijs Koen , Toelen Jaan 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Patient trust and consent are complex topics for health care workers in pediatrics, specifically when relating to adolescent's legal status. In the context of medical decisions, not much work has been performed to understand the opinion of parents on health care decision-making, especially on confidentiality concerning their adolescent children. The purpose of this research was to assess the parental opinions on these decisions and the influence of different perspectives.

Methods:
We used a case-based methodology to assess parental opinions on fictional medical decisions. A survey was provided to parents in 2 pediatric outpatient departments in Belgium and the Netherlands. The survey contained cases regarding medical care related to confidentiality and consent about which participants gave their opinion.

Results:
In total, 222 surveys were completed. Overall, most parents would allow an adolescent to make his/her own decision (58.6%–70.4%), except in the case of confidentiality on alcohol-related trauma (28.9%). The results show a significant difference in how parents responded when answering from the parental perspective or adolescents' perspective. They granted significantly more authority to the adolescent in the latter view.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that parents who were confronted with cases from an adolescent perspective were significantly more likely to give the patient authority. In addition, the medical issue and context influence how the parents responded. These data provide insight into the parental opinions and could lead to more evidence-based frameworks for shared medical decision-making of adolescents and their parents.
Efficacy and Safety of Evinacumab for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jin Menglong , Meng Fanhua , Yang Wenwen , Liang Liyan , Wang Hao , Fu Zhenyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Angiopoietin-like protein 3 is essential in lipid metabolism regulation. However, the efficacy and safety of evinacumab (angiopoietin-like protein 3 inhibition drug) for hypercholesterolemia treatment is unknown. In this study, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of evinacumab. RCTs published between January 1, 2000, and November 1, 2020, were obtained from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. All RCTs evaluating the efficacy and safety of evinacumab were included without language restrictions. Our primary end points included the percent change of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline and the incidence of at least one treatment emergent adverse events including nasopharyngitis, influenza-like illness, headache, dizziness, injection-site reaction, increased aspartate aminotransferase, increased alanine aminotransferase, and any other discomfort during treatments. Percentage changes of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) from baseline indicated secondary end points. A random-effects model was used to assess pooled data if there was moderate to high heterogeneity between studies. Four studies with 5 RCTs (568 participants) were identified. Evinacumab significantly reduced LDL-C [mean difference (MD) −33.123%, 95% confidence interval (CI), −48.639% to −17.606%, P < 0.0001], triglycerides (MD −50.959%, 95% CI, −56.555% to −45.362%, P < 0.0001), and HDL-C (MD −12.773%, 95% CI, −16.359% to −9.186%, P < 0.0001) compared with placebo. The incidence of at least 1 treatment emergent adverse events was not significantly different between evinacumab and placebo groups (relative risk 1.080, 95% CI, 0.901–1.296, P = 0.405). Evinacumab decreased triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C without significant adverse effects, indicating that it can be a therapeutic strategy for hypercholesterolemia.
Impact of Comorbidities and Antiplatelet Regimen on Platelet Reactivity Levels in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Trejo-Velasco Blanca , Tello-Montoliu Antonio , Cruz-González Ignacio , Moreno Raul , Baz-Alonso Jose A. , Salvadores Pablo J. , Romaguera Rafael , Molina-Navarro Eduardo , Paredes-Galán Emilio , Fernández-Barbeira Saleta , Ortiz-Saez Alberto , Bastos-Fernandez Guillermo , De Miguel-Castro Antonio , Figueiras-Guzman Adolfo , Iñiguez-Romo Andres , Jimenez-Diaz Victor A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
The aim of our study is to assess the impact of anemia, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus on platelet reactivity (PR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis, both at baseline and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This study is a prespecified subanalysis of the REAC-TAVI prospective, multicenter trial that included patients pretreated with aspirin + clopidogrel before TAVI. PR was measured at baseline and at 5 different time points after TAVI with the VerifyNow assay (Accriva Diagnostics, San Diego, CA), over a 3-month follow-up period. Patients with high PR (HPR) at baseline, before TAVI (n = 48) were randomized to aspirin + clopidogrel or aspirin + ticagrelor for 3 months, whereas those with normal PR (NPR) (n = 20) were continued on aspirin + clopidogrel. A “raiser response” in PR was defined as an increase in PR units >20% of baseline after TAVI. Patients with HPR before TAVI presented concomitant anemia and chronic kidney disease more frequently than their counterparts with NPR. Anemia and higher body mass index were independently associated with HPR to clopidogrel at baseline. Moreover, anemic patients with baseline HPR who were continued on clopidogrel presented higher PR after TAVI than patients with HPR switched to ticagrelor. All patients with baseline NPR presented a “raiser response” after TAVI, which was nonexistent among patients with HPR managed with ticagrelor. In summary, anemia seems as a relevant factor associated with baseline HPR and higher PR after TAVI in patients with baseline HPR randomized to clopidogrel, whereas ticagrelor proved more effective than clopidogrel at attaining sustained reductions in PR during follow-up, regardless of baseline comorbidities.
A Review of Inotropes and Inopressors for Effective Utilization in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Nandkeolyar Shuktika , Ryu Rachel , Mohammad Adeba , Cordero-Caban Kathia , Abramov Dmitry , Tran Huyentran , Hauschild Chris , Stoletniy Liset , Hilliard Anthony , Sakr Antoine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Inotropes and inopressors are often first-line treatment in patients with cardiogenic shock. We summarize the pharmacology, indications, and contraindications of dobutamine, milrinone, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and levosimendan. We also review the data on the use of these medications for acute decompensated heart failure and cardiogenic shock in this article.
The Impact of a Baseline Exercise Test on Confidence to Perform Subsequent Incremental Shuttle Walk Tests, Walk at Home, and Manage Breathlessness
Authors: Stenson Amy , Chaplin Emma J. , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Singh Sally J. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
Incremental shuttle walk tests (ISWTs) are routinely conducted as outcome measures in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) assessments and in clinical trials; however, there is a paucity of data describing the impact of simply conducting an exercise test and the change produced in the perceived ability of the individual to perform exercise subsequently, which may in turn influence therapy and study outcomes.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective observational cohort study at Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK (University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust). At initial PR assessment, we asked patients pre- and post-practice ISWT to report confidence in three areas (walking at home [Q1], managing breathlessness [Q2], and performing an ISWT [Q3]) based on a visual analog scale (0-10).

Results:
A total of 100 patients with chronic respiratory disease (age 68.0 ± 10.3 yr, male 49%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 63%, Medical Research Council 2-5) completed visual analog scale confidence questions pre- and post-practice ISWT. Confidence in all questions improved after a practice ISWT (all P < .01 Wilcoxon signed rank). A statistically significant improvement in ISWT distance was noted (practice ISWT 207.3 ± 132.7 m to second ISWT 227.4 ± 142.0 m, mean difference = 20.1 m). No association was found between changes in confidence and changes between walk 1 and walk 2 (r
2 = [Q1] −0.04, [Q2] −0.09, [Q3] 0.04, P >.05).

Conclusions:
Confidence increased in all areas post-practice ISWT, but this was not related to changes in performance. However, this change may be an important consideration when designing research trials as exercise behaviors (eg, walking at home) may be affected by conducting baseline exercise tests.
Sex and Age Differences in Anxiety and Depression Levels Before and After Aerobic Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: O'Neill Carley D. , Vidal-Almela Sol , Terada Tasuku , Kamiya Kentaro , Tulloch Heather E. , Pipe Andrew L. , Reed Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to investigate sex and age differences in anxiety and depression among patients with cardiovascular disease at baseline and following aerobic interval training (AIT)-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and secondarily to compare dropout rates between sexes and age groups.

Methods:
Participants were younger (≤44 yr), middle-aged (45-64 yr), and older adults (≥65 yr). The AIT protocol consisted of: 4 × 4-min of high-intensity work periods at 85-95% peak heart rate (HR) interspersed with 3 min of lower-intensity intervals at 60-70% peak HR, twice weekly for 10 wk. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at baseline and following CR.

Results:
At baseline, of 164 participants (32% female), 14 (35% female) were younger, 110 (33% female) were middle-aged, and 40 (30% female) were older. Older adults reported lower anxiety levels versus younger (4.4 ± 2.6 vs 7.8 ± 3.4 points, P = .008) and middle-aged adults (4.4 ± 2.6 vs 6.1 ± 3.6 points, P = .05). Baseline depression levels did not differ between age groups (P = .749). All age groups experienced a reduction in anxiety (younger =−2.67; middle-aged =−1.40; older =−0.85) and depression (younger =−1.50; middle-aged =−0.83; older =−0.70) levels following CR. Differences in dropout rates were observed between age groups (χ2[1] = 13.4, P = .001). Within each age group, 43% (female n = 2, male n = 4) of younger, 10% (female n = 8, male n = 3) of middle-aged, and 2.5% (female n = 0, male n = 1) of older participants dropped out.

Conclusions:
Younger and middle-aged adults experience higher levels of anxiety upon entry into CR compared with older adults. Cardiac rehabilitation was associated with significant reductions in anxiety and depression severity, yet dropout rates were highest among younger adults.