bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Moderation of the Effects of Parenting: Answered and Unanswered Questions
Authors: Davidov Maayan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, I address the cultural moderation of the links between parenting and children's adjustment, and highlight avenues for research. First, I address whether cultural moderation effects occur. I review an inconsistent pattern of results, suggesting that cultural moderation effects are not robust in nature and raising the need to systematically uncover their parameters. Then, I consider the underlying mechanism of cultural moderation effects. Researchers agree that such effects stem from differential meanings of the same parenting behavior across cultures, but we still need direct evidence of how meaning variables account for cultural moderation effects. Such evidence can come from studies that incorporate four components: parents' behavior, children's adjustment, cultural variables, and meaning variables. Finally, I propose a theoretical model that outlines how different elements create and convey the meaning of parental behavior across three temporal stages: before, during, and after the behavior occurs.
Cultural Pathways and Outcomes of Autobiographical Memory Development
Authors: Wang Qi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of autobiographical memory is a culturally constructive process in which children learn to remember and share their personal experiences in culture‐specific ways. In this article, I present a theoretical model that situates children’s independent recall and joint reminiscing with parents in the cultural context. Built on cross‐cultural research, the model specifies various pathways—self‐goals, language, emotion knowledge, and perceptual styles—through which culture shapes autobiographical memory development. The model also demonstrates the role of culture in moderating the psychosocial outcomes of remembering, so the content, form, and stance of memory serve functions specific to the cultural ecology. I conclude that the development of autobiographical memory occurs in response to children’s diverse cultural experiences, and outline directions for research.
Evidence for a YETI? A Cautionary Tale from South Africa's Youth Employment Tax Incentive
Authors: Muller Seán M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn 2014 the South African government implemented a youth employment tax incentive (YETI) scheme to address the high rate of youth unemployment. Its adoption has been hailed as a success story for evidence‐based policy. This article critically assesses that claim, focusing on the randomized trial of a wage‐subsidy voucher that was used to justify the adoption of the policy and econometric analyses of the incentive's efficacy that were used to justify its renewal. That evidence is shown to be materially flawed. The design of the randomized trial meant that its relevance to the policy question was limited and critical issues pertaining to the estimated effect of the intervention, external validity and scale‐up were not addressed. The process was similarly flawed, with evidence only made public after critical legislative decisions had been taken. Analysis of that process shows how supposedly rigorous evidence was used to obscure the limitations and risks of the proposal in service of pre‐existing positions, vested interests and political imperatives. This implies a high opportunity cost for the tax expenditures incurred through the incentive. The South African YETI thereby serves as a cautionary tale on randomized trials and the political economy of evidence‐based policy, particularly in developing countries.
Jacques Rancière's account of justice
Authors: Hebblewhite William 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I explore the idea of justice in relation to Rancière's key theoretical insights – and ask whether Rancière has a concept of justice in his own work. The overarching concern that motivates this paper is whether Rancière does provide us with the tools to properly conceptualize the demands for justice that occur within contemporary social movements, or whether we must look elsewhere for such a conceptual framework.
Diffusion strategies for face swiping medical service using evolutionary game theory
Authors: Wang Xiaojia , Cheng Peiling , Zhu Keyu , Xu Sheng , Zhang Shanshan , Xu Weiqun , Guan Yuxiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFace swiping is the action of registering facial recognition data with a biometric authentication application. Face swiping‐based medical services (FSMSs) is an emerging measurement technology underpinning modern intelligent medical services in China. In view of convenience in the delivery of medical services and the potential to reduce medical costs, FSMSs have become an important part of China's medical reform. However, modelling its eventual uses has not been fully explored in theory and practice, and this is hindering the take up of FSMSs in China. In this paper, we build an evolutionary game model to explore three stakeholders—policy makers, hospitals, and patients—and their dynamic interdependence of their decision‐making when adopting FSMS. Based on our game theoretic analysis, we develop a novel model to track the behaviour of these three stakeholders and analyse the corresponding payoff matrix to establish the replication dynamic equation (RDE) for the game. Further, we then use RDE to calculate the different stability points of players and determine the game's stable strategy. Finally, we validate the proposed model with a detailed simulation. Our observations may benefit not only FSMS participants but also several other forms of medical services and industries.
Estimating fine‐scale movement rates and habitat preferences using multiple data sources
Authors: Thorson James T. , Barbeaux Steven J. , Goethel Daniel R. , Kearney Kelly A. , Laman Edward A. , Nielsen Julie K. , Siskey Matthew R. , Siwicke Kevin , Thompson Grant G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFisheries scientists and managers must track rapid shifts in fish spatial distribution to mitigate stakeholder conflict and optimize survey designs, and these spatial shifts result in part from animal movement. Information regarding animal movement can be obtained from selection experiments, tagging studies, flux through movement gates (e.g. acoustic arrays), fishery catch‐per‐unit effort (CPUE), resource surveys and genetic/chemical markers. However, there are few accessible approaches to combine these data types while accounting for spatially correlated residual patterns. We therefore discuss a movement model involving diffusion (random movement), taxis (movement towards preferred habitat) and advection (passive drift following ocean currents). We specifically outline how these movement processes can be fitted to data while discretizing space and time and estimating non‐linear habitat preferences using environmental layers as well as spatial process errors. Finally, we introduce an R package, ATM, by fitting the model to bottom trawl survey, longline fishery and tagging data for Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus, Gadidae) in the Bering Sea during winter/summer seasons from 1982 to 2019. Combining data types predicts an increasing proportion of cod residing in the northern Bering Sea from 2013 to 2019, and estimates are informative in a recent stock assessment model. We fit sensitivity analyses by dropping tag, survey or fishery data, and this analysis shows that tagging data are necessary to identify diffusion rates, while survey data are informative about movement among biogeographic strata. This “hybrid” species distribution model can help explain poleward movement, project distributions under future climate conditions and evaluate alternative tag‐deployment scenarios to optimize tagging designs.
The call of the emperor penguin: Legal responses to species threatened by climate change
Authors: Jenouvrier Stephanie , Che‐Castaldo Judy , Wolf Shaye , Holland Marika , Labrousse Sara , LaRue Michelle , Wienecke Barbara , Fretwell Peter , Barbraud Christophe , Greenwald Noah , Stroeve Julienne , Trathan Philip N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpecies extinction risk is accelerating due to anthropogenic climate change, making it urgent to protect vulnerable species through legal frameworks in order to facilitate conservation actions that help mitigate risk. Here, we discuss fundamental concepts for assessing climate change risks to species using the example of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), currently being considered for protection under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). This species forms colonies on Antarctic sea ice, which is projected to significantly decline due to ongoing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We project the dynamics of all known emperor penguin colonies under different GHG emission scenarios using a climate‐dependent meta‐population model including the effects of extreme climate events based on the observational satellite record of colonies. Assessments for listing species under the ESA require information about how species resiliency, redundancy and representation (3Rs) will be affected by threats within the foreseeable future. Our results show that if sea ice declines at the rate projected by climate models under current energy system trends and policies, the 3Rs would be dramatically reduced and almost all colonies would become quasi‐extinct by 2100. We conclude that the species should be listed as threatened under the ESA.
Projecting coral responses to intensifying marine heatwaves under ocean acidification
Authors: Klein Shannon G. , Geraldi Nathan R. , Anton Andrea , Schmidt‐Roach Sebastian , Ziegler Maren , Cziesielski Maha J. , Martin Cecilia , Rädecker Nils , Frölicher Thomas L. , Mumby Peter J. , Pandolfi John M. , Suggett David J. , Voolstra Christian R. , Aranda Manuel , Duarte Carlos. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver this century, coral reefs will run the gauntlet of climate change, as marine heatwaves (MHWs) become more intense and frequent, and ocean acidification (OA) progresses. However, we still lack a quantitative assessment of how, and to what degree, OA will moderate the responses of corals to MHWs as they intensify throughout this century. Here, we first projected future MHW intensities for tropical regions under three future greenhouse gas emissions scenario (representative concentration pathways, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the near‐term (2021–2040), mid‐century (2041–2060) and late‐century (2081–2100). We then combined these MHW intensity projections with a global data set of 1,788 experiments to assess coral attribute performance and survival under the three emissions scenarios for the near‐term, mid‐century and late‐century in the presence and absence of OA. Although warming and OA had predominately additive impacts on the coral responses, the contribution of OA in affecting most coral attributes was minor relative to the dominant role of intensifying MHWs. However, the addition of OA led to greater decreases in photosynthesis and survival under intermediate and unrestricted emissions scenario for the mid‐ and late‐century than if intensifying MHWs were considered as the only driver. These results show that role of OA in modulating coral responses to intensifying MHWs depended on the focal coral attribute and extremity of the scenario examined. Specifically, intensifying MHWs and OA will cause increasing instances of coral bleaching and substantial declines in coral productivity, calcification and survival within the next two decades under the low and intermediate emissions scenario. These projections suggest that corals must rapidly adapt or acclimatize to projected ocean conditions to persist, which is far more likely under a low emissions scenario and with increasing efforts to manage reefs to enhance resilience.
Understanding spatial and compositional dynamics of employment centers in urban China: Empirical evidence from Nanjing
Authors: Wang Hui , Yuan Feng , Wei Yehua Dennis , Chen Wen , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn contrast to abundant research on population (re)distribution in China, the dynamics of intra‐urban employment concentration remain poorly understood. Drawing upon firm‐level employment data for 2008 and 2013 at a fine analytic scale, we utilize a two‐stage approach involving nonparametric estimating and proximity‐based threshold setting, persistence score, location quotients, and shift‐share analysis, to investigate spatial and compositional changes of employment centers in Nanjing, an emerging global city in the Yangtze River Delta, China. We observe only a very slight trend in the dispersion of whole employment there, and over 70% of employment was concentrated in the identified centers in 2008 and 2013. Employment in different sectors indicated high spatial heterogeneity and polycentricity, which is associated to a distinctly greater extent with decentralization of manufacturing than with services. Specifically, the boundaries of employment centers ranged from stable in the urban core to highly fluctuating in newly developed urban areas; the sectoral composition of centers exhibited consistency within each center but heterogeneity among centers. We further discussed the relationship between dynamics of employment centers and urban configuration, economic re‐structuring, and local policies that have long determined development direction and employment distribution in Nanjing. We suggest that urban planning should consider diversified land use and dynamic planning of employment centers.
The nexus between urbanization and rural development in China: Evidence from panel data analysis
Authors: Li Yuheng , Huang Huiqian , Song Chuanyao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs rural decline sweeps the world and draws public attention, it becomes necessary to consider the relationship between urbanization and rural development. The paper investigates this topic in China for the period 1989–2018. The research results find positive contribution of urbanization to rural economy in the research period but with a decreasing tendency. Compared to less developed areas, rural economy of developed regions has become less dependent on cities and can flourish in a larger context with the support of modern transportation and telecommunication technologies. However, those peripheral rural areas tend to face continuous and large‐scale rural–urban migration which has aggravated rural decline. Rural economic growth helps to decrease rural outmigration and people will stay in their hometown with available job opportunities to raise their families and maintain livelihood. The paper proposes balance‐friendly urbanization structure and diversified rural economy to improve rural resilience to meet the challenge of rural decline.
Prostate interventions in patients with mild haemophilia: Safe and feasible
Authors: Mesnard Benoit , Drillaud Nicolas , Sigaud Marianne , Hakim Gabriella , Chelly Samuel , Ternisien Catherine , Fouassier Marc , Chelghaf Ismaël , De Vergie Stéphane , Perrouin Verbe Marie‐Aimée , Rigaud Jérôme , David Arthur , Trossaërt Marc , Branchereau Julien 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo date, there is no specific recommendation or evaluation of the morbidity of prostate surgery in patients with haemophilia (PWH) although this surgery is common and at high risk of bleeding.AimTo assess the post‐operative morbidity of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) surgeries and of oncological prostate interventions in patients with mild haemophilia A or B.MethodsWe performed a monocentre, epidemiological, in real life study. Data were collected between 1 January, 1997 and 1 September, 2020 and focused on prostate biopsy, radical prostatectomy, prostate radiotherapy, simple prostatectomy, transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and laser‐vaporisation in patients with mild haemophilia A or B.ResultsBetween 1 January, 1997 and 1 September, 2020, 51 interventions were performed on 30 patients with mild haemophilia. Haemophilia A represented 93.33% of the population and haemophilia B 6.67%. For prostate biopsies (n = 24), median length of hospitalisation was 4 days and only one patient needed a blood transfusion. No patient needed re‐admission. For prostatectomy (n = 10), one patient presented with intra‐operative and post‐operative bleeding. Two patients required re‐admission. The other patients did not present any significant haemorrhagic symptoms. For radiotherapy (n = 4), two patients presented a grade II complication (radiocystitis and radiorectitis). For BPH surgeries, during hospitalisation, laser‐vaporisation (n = 5) was less haemorrhagic than TURP (n = 5) but after hospital discharge, 60% of patients presented a haemorrhagic complication with two readmissions and one surgical re‐explorations.ConclusionPerformed in a specialised centre, prostate surgeries and interventions in patients with mild haemophilia is feasible with acceptable morbidity.
Development of an artificial intelligence diagnostic system for lower urinary tract dysfunction in men
Authors: Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Kameya Yoshitaka , Takahashi Tomoichi , Shimazu Atsuki , Ishida Shohei , Yamada Muneo , Sassa Naoto , Yamamoto Tokunori 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo establish an artificial intelligence diagnostic system for lower urinary tract function in men with lower urinary tract symptoms using only uroflowmetry data and to evaluate its usefulness.MethodsUroflowmetry data of 256 treatment‐naive men with detrusor underactivity, bladder outlet obstruction, or detrusor underactivity + bladder outlet obstruction were used for artificial intelligence learning and validation using neural networks. An optimal artificial intelligence diagnostic model was established using 10‐fold stratified cross‐validation and data augmentation. Correlations of bladder contractility index and bladder outlet obstruction index values for the artificial intelligence system and pressure flow study values were examined using Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Additionally, diagnostic accuracy was compared between the established artificial intelligence system and trained urologists with uroflowmetry data of 25 additional patients by χ2‐tests. Detrusor underactivity was defined as bladder contractility index ≤100 and bladder outlet obstruction index ≤40, bladder outlet obstruction was defined as bladder contractility index >100 and bladder outlet obstruction index >40, and detrusor underactivity + bladder outlet obstruction was defined as bladder contractility index ≤100 and bladder outlet obstruction index >40.ResultsThe artificial intelligence system’s estimated bladder contractility index and bladder outlet obstruction index values showed significant positive correlations with pressure flow study values (bladder contractility index: r = 0.60, P < 0.001; bladder outlet obstruction index: r = 0.46, P < 0.001). The artificial intelligence system’s detrusor underactivity diagnosis had a sensitivity and specificity of 79.7% and 88.7%, respectively, and those for bladder outlet obstruction diagnosis were 76.8% and 84.7%, respectively. The artificial intelligence system’s average diagnostic accuracy was 84%, which was significantly higher than that of urologists (56%).ConclusionsOur artificial intelligence diagnostic system developed using the uroflowmetry waveform distinguished between detrusor underactivity and bladder outlet obstruction with high sensitivity and specificity in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.
Clinically depressed and typically developing mother–infant dyads: Domain base rates and correspondences, relationship contingencies and attunement
Authors: Bornstein Marc H. , Manian Nanmathi , Henry Lauren M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaternal depression is associated with adverse outcomes in infants. Unfavorable parenting practices likely constitute one pathway of risk transmission from mother to infant, but definitional and methodological variation in the extant literature precludes a comprehensive or conclusive understanding of potential underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to illuminate the role of maternal clinical depression in mother–infant interaction by turning a microanalytic lens on four substantive relationship issues: base rates, correspondences, contingencies, and attunement. Several maternal parenting practices (aggregated into social, didactic, and language domains) and several infant behaviors (aggregated into social, exploration, and non‐distress vocalization domains) were microcoded to 0.10 s from naturalistic hour long interactions of clinically depressed mothers (n= 60) and matched non‐depressed controls (n= 60) with their 5‐month‐olds. Clinically depressed mothers spontaneously engaged their infants less didactically, were less contingent to their infants in social, didactic, and language domains, and were less attuned with their infants than were non‐depressed mothers. Infants of clinically depressed mothers vocalized non‐distress less than infants of non‐depressed mothers. These differences unveil key disadvantages in the everyday lived experiences of infants of clinically depressed mothers. The findings advance understanding of maternal depression and its effects and have implications for identifying infants at risk on account of their mothers’ clinical depression.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of superabsorbent wound dressings in patients with moderate‐to‐highly exuding leg ulcers in Germany
Authors: Veličković Vladica M. , Szilcz Mate , Milošević Zoran , Godfrey Thomas , Siebert Uwe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe study aims to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of superabsorbent wound dressings compared to the standard‐of‐care (SoC) dressings mix for treatment of patients with moderate‐to‐highly exuding leg ulcers in the German healthcare settings. A model‐based cost‐effectiveness analysis was conducted from the German statutory health insurance perspective, following German specific and international recommendations of good research practice. An individual‐level (microsimulation) state‐transition model has been used with a cycle length of 1 week and time horizon of 6 months. Several comprehensive systematic reviews were conducted to inform all model inputs, including clinical parameters, efficacy, quality of life, resources utilisation, and cost inputs. In addition, primary data from two clinical trials were used. Based on this cost‐effectiveness analysis, using superabsorbent wound dressings instead of the SoC dressings of patients with moderate‐to‐highly exuding leg ulcers in Germany can lead to an improved healing rate of 2.57% (benefit ratio 1.08), improved health‐related quality of life of 0.152 quality‐adjusted life weeks, and total direct cost savings of €771 per patient in 6 months. Robustness of results was confirmed in sensitivity and scenario analyses.