bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceramics in Indian Ocean Trade
Authors: Nowrojee Villoo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ceramics have been extensively imported on the East African Coast over many centuries. The principal sources have been Iran and China, the latter trans-shipped through the port of Malacca and the Indian ports of the western Indian Ocean. These ceramics were used to embellish the gates and mihrabs of mosques, and the exteriors of elaborate tombs. They were vessels in homes and decorations on buildings. In the last two centuries, the old ceramics came to be supplanted by imported ware more utilitarian in make and appearance. These came in mainly from Holland, England and Germany. These products of Western Europe were influenced by the Islamic markets they had entered, while in turn these plates became an important part of the East African Coast’s architecture and Swahili traditions and homes.
The Paris Agreement’s Article 6 Market Mechanisms and wto Law
Authors: Moon Gillian , Schwarte Christoph 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article analyses the market-based approaches in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement with respect to their potential interaction with international trade law. It focuses on the international dimension of Article 6 and the tensions associated with international trading of mitigation outcomes (under paragraphs 2–3 of the Article) and emission-reduction units generated through the sustainable development mechanism (paragraphs 4–7). We find that while there are significant normative tensions and legal uncertainties in the relationship between the regimes, international cooperation across the two law- and policy-making arenas could also help to develop new approaches to aligning wto trade law with international climate objectives.
Космонимия в cлавянских переводах библейской Книги Иова
Authors: Фомина [Fomina] Людмила [Liudmila] Ф. [F.] 
Published: November 2021

Cosmonymy in Slavic Translations of the Biblical Book of JobThis article explores the names of Venus, Pleiades, the Great Bear and Orion’s Belt in Slavic translations of the biblical Book of Job. The author proposes hypotheses about the etymology of Church Slavonic names for the following celestial objects: (1) the name денница for Venus originates from folk cosmonymy and was introduced into religious discourse by Apostle of the Slavs Constantine-Cyril; (2) the name власожелищи is etymologised as a merger of two nominations: South Slavic Власи ‘Pleiads’ and a hapax legomenon from the Book of Job *желищи ‘Great Bear’, from Hebrew Āsh or Aish ‘funeral convoy’; (3) the name кружилия for Orion is also connected with Hebrew cosmonymy and points to the mythical giant Nimrod, who was tied with a belt to the sky for his rebellion against God. Kosmonimia w słowiańskich tłumaczeniach biblijnej Księgi HiobaNiniejszy artykuł analizuje nazwy Wenus, Plejad, Wielkiej Niedźwiedzicy i Pasa Oriona w tłumaczeniach biblijnej Księgi Hioba na języki słowiańskie. Autorka przedstawia hipotezy dotyczące etymologii kilku cerkiewnosłowiańskich nazw obiektów kosmicznych: 1) nazwa planety Wenus денница została zapożyczona z kosmonimii ludowej i wprowadzona do dyskursu religijnego przez Apostoła Słowian Konstantyna-Cyryla; 2) nazwa власожелищи jest traktowana jako połączenie dwóch nazw: płd. słow. Власи ‘Plejady’ i hapaks legomenon z biblijnej Księgi Hioba *желищи ‘Wielka Niedźwiedzica’, od hebrajskiego Āsh lub Aish ʽkondukt pogrzebowyʼ; 3) nazwa Oriona кружилия rownież związana jest z kosmonimią hebrajską i wskazuje na mitycznego olbrzyma Nimroda, skazanego przez Boga na przywiązanie pasem do sklepienia niebieskiego.
The Sonority Sequencing Principle and the Structure of Slovak Consonant Clusters
Authors: Gregová Renáta 
Published: November 2021

The Sonority Sequencing Principle and the Structure of Slovak Consonant ClustersIn line with the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP), the centre of the syllable is the most sonorous sound and the sonority of the other segments in the syllable drops towards the syllable edges. Nevertheless, in many languages, there are syllable onsets and codas that violate this principle of sonority. Following the functional approach proposed by Jerzy Kuryłowicz, types of word/syllable-initial and word/syllable-final clusters in standard Slovak were delimited. A sonority-based analysis of those clusters revealed that almost 40% of the common initial consonant sequences violate the SSP. The situation with the final clusters is similar. These findings indicate that the creation of consonant clusters in a language does not depend solely on the sonority of the individual segments but also follows other phonological and/or perceptual regularities connected with the process of communication. Zasada sekwencji sonorności a struktura zbitek spółgłoskowych w języku słowackimZgodnie z zasadą sekwencji sonorności (Sonority Sequencing Principle, SSP) jądro sylaby jest dźwiękiem o najwyższej sonorności, a sonorność pozostałych segmentów sylaby maleje wraz z odległością od jądra. Niemniej jednak w wielu językach występują nagłosy i wygłosy, które naruszają tę zasadę. Przyjmując podejście funkcjonalne zaproponowane przez Jerzego Kuryłowicza, wyróżniono typy zbitek w nagłosie i wygłosie w standardowym języku słowackim. Ich analiza pod względem sonorności wykazała, że prawie 40% sekwencji powszechnie występujących w nagłosie narusza zasadę sekwencji sonorności. W przypadku wygłosu wynik był podobny. Ustalenia te wskazują, że tworzenie zbitek spółgłoskowych nie zależy wyłącznie od sonorności poszczególnych segmentów, ale również od innych prawidłowości fonologicznych i/lub percepcyjnych związanych z procesem komunikacji.
Data Fusion of GEO FY-4A GIIRS and LEO Hyperspectral Infrared Sounders with Surface Observations: A Hong Kong Case Study
Authors: Maier Jessica , Knuteson Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hyperspectral infrared satellite observations from geostationary platforms allow for the retrieval of temperature and water vapor measurements with higher temporal and vertical resolution than was previously available. The Chinese satellite Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) includes the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS), which has the ability to measure vertical profiles of temperature and water vapor from space at times when ground-based upper-air soundings are not available and can fill an important need in short-range weather prediction. In this study, convective available potential energy (CAPE) and lifted index (LI), which are used for forecasting atmospheric instability, were computed using the SHARPpy algorithm used by the NWS Storm Prediction Center. However, remote infrared and microwave sensing is lacking detailed information in the boundary layer, so the addition of the NOAA Meteorological Assimilation and Data Ingest System (MADIS) surface data may be necessary in order to get accurate temperature and moisture measurement near the surface. This study uses 10–16 May 2019 in the coastal region near Hong Kong for evaluating the use of hourly surface observations combined with satellite soundings from FY-4A GIIRS at 2-h intervals. The GIIRS plus MADIS surface-based CAPE and LI estimates are compared to estimates derived from low-Earth-orbiting (LEO) SNPP and NOAA-20 from NOAA, MetOp from EUMETSAT, NWP reanalysis, and local radiosondes. In the case study, the 2-h sampling interval of the GIIRS geostationary sounder was able to capture the rapid transition (16 h) from a stable to an unstable atmosphere in both CAPE and LI. The use of surface observations with satellite soundings gave mixed results, possibly due to the complex terrain near Hong Kong.
Implementing Hybrid Background Error Covariance into the LETKF with Attenuation-Based Localization: Experiments with a Simplified AGCM
Authors: Kotsuki Shunji , Bishop Craig H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recent numerical weather prediction systems have significantly improved medium-range forecasts by implementing hybrid background error covariance, for which climatological (static) and ensemble-based (flow-dependent) error covariance are combined. While the hybrid approach has been investigated mainly in variational systems, this study aims at exploring methods for implementing the hybrid approach for the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF). Following Kretschmer et al., the present study constructed hybrid background error covariance by adding collections of climatological perturbations to the forecast ensemble. In addition, this study proposes a new localization method that attenuates the ensemble perturbation (Z-localization) instead of inflating observation error variance (R-localization). A series of experiments with a simplified global atmospheric model revealed that the hybrid LETKF resulted in smaller forecast errors than the LETKF, especially in sparsely observed regions. Due to the larger ensemble enabled by the hybrid approach, optimal localization length scales for the hybrid LETKF were larger than those for the LETKF. With the LETKF, the Z-localization resulted in similar forecast errors as the R-localization. However, Z-localization has an advantage in enabling us to apply different localization scales for flow-dependent perturbation and climatological static perturbations with the hybrid LETKF. The optimal localization for climatological perturbations was slightly larger than that for flow-dependent perturbations. This study also proposes optimal eigendecomposition (OED) ETKF formulation to reduce computational costs. The computational expense of the OED ETKF formulation became significantly smaller than that of standard ETKF formulations as the number of climatological perturbations was increased beyond a few hundred.
Performance of 2020 Real-Time Atlantic Hurricane Forecasts from High-Resolution Global-Nested Hurricane Models: HAFS-globalnest and GFDL T-SHiELD
Authors: Hazelton Andrew , Gao Kun , Bender Morris , Cowan Levi , Alaka Ghassan J. , Kaltenbaugh Alex , Gramer Lew , Zhang Xuejin , Harris Lucas , Marchok Timothy , Morin Matt , Mehra Avichal , Zhang Zhan , Liu Bin , Marks Frank 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The global-nested Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS-globalnest) is one piece of NOAA’s Unified Forecast System (UFS) application for hurricanes. In this study, results are analyzed from 2020 real-time forecasts by HAFS-globalnest and a similar global-nested model, the Tropical Atlantic version of GFDL’s System for High‐resolution prediction on Earth‐to‐Local Domains (T-SHiELD). HAFS-globalnest produced the highest track forecast skill compared to several operational and experimental models, while T-SHiELD showed promising track skills as well. The intensity forecasts from HAFS-globalnest generally had a positive bias at longer lead times primarily due to the lack of ocean coupling, while T-SHiELD had a much smaller intensity bias particularly at longer forecast lead times. With the introduction of a modified planetary boundary layer scheme and an increased number of vertical levels, particularly in the boundary layer, HAFS forecasts of storm size had a smaller positive bias than occurred in the 2019 version of HAFS-globalnest. Despite track forecasts that were comparable to the operational GFS and HWRF, both HAFS-globalnest and T-SHiELD suffered from a persistent right-of-track bias in several cases at the 4–5-day forecast lead times. The reasons for this bias were related to the strength of the subtropical ridge over the western North Atlantic and are continuing to be investigated and diagnosed. A few key case studies from this very active hurricane season, including Hurricanes Laura and Delta, were examined.
Nationwide Readmissions Analysis of Minimally Invasive Versus Open Ventral Hernia Repair: A Retrospective Population-Based Study
Authors: Ayuso Sullivan A. , Katzen Michael M. , Aladegbami Bola G. , Nayak Raageswari B. , Augenstein Vedra A. , Heniford B Todd , Colavita Paul D. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction Minimally invasive ventral hernia repair (MISVHR) has been performed for almost 30 years; recently, there has been an accelerated adoption of the robotic platform leading to renewed comparisons to open ventral hernia repair (OVHR). The present study evaluates patterns and outcomes of readmissions for MISVHR and OVHR patients. Methods The Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) was queried for patients undergoing OVHR and MISVHR from 2016 to 2018. Demographic characteristics, complications, and 90-day readmissions were determined. A subgroup analysis was performed to compare robotic ventral hernia repair (RVHR) vs laparoscopic hernia repair (LVHR). Standard statistical methods and logistic regression were used. Results Over the 3-year period, there were 25 795 MISVHR and 180 635 OVHR admissions. Minimally invasive ventral hernia repair was associated with a lower rate of 90-day readmission (11.3% vs 17.3%, P < .01), length of stay (LOS) (4.0 vs 7.9 days, P < .01), and hospital charges ($68,240 ± 75 680 vs $87,701 ± 73 165, P < .01), which remained true when elective and non-elective repairs were evaluated independently. Postoperative infection was the most common reason for readmission but was less common in the MISVHR group (8.4% vs 16.8%, P < .01). Robotic ventral hernia repair increased over the 3-year period and was associated with decreased LOS (3.7 vs 4.1 days, P < .01) and comparable readmissions (11.3% vs 11.2%, P = .74) to LVHR, but was nearly $20,000 more expensive. In logistic regression, OVHR, non-elective operation, urban-teaching hospital, increased LOS, comorbidities, and payer type were predictive of readmission. Conclusions Open ventral hernia repair was associated with increased LOS and increased readmissions compared to MISVHR. Robotic ventral hernia repair had comparable readmissions and decreased LOS to LVHR, but it was more expensive.
Risk Factors for Reoperation Following Radical Gastrectomy in Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Kim Dong-Hwan , Park Ji-Ho , Kim Tae Han , Jung Eun-Jung , Jeong Chi-Young , Ju Young-Tae , Kim Ju-Yeon , Park Tae-Jin , Lee Young-Joon , Jeong Sang-Ho 
Published: November 2021

Background Reoperation due to elective surgery complications is very mentally, physically, and economically detrimental to patients. This study investigated the potential risk factors associated with early reoperation after radical gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients and included an in-depth analysis of these risk factors. Methods This retrospective study reviewed 1568 patients with gastric cancer. Grade 3 or greater complications were defined as severe. Any factors related to reoperation after radical gastrectomy were analyzed in patients with severe local complications. Results Among 1537 patients undergoing radical gastrectomy, 115 (7.5%) patients had severe postoperative complications, 98 (6.38%) of whom experienced severe local complications. The most common local complication was anastomotic leakage (31, 2.02%), followed by intra-abdominal abscess (30, 1.95%), pancreatic leakage (22, 1.43%), duodenal stump leakage (18, 1.17%), intra-abdominal bleeding (12, .78%), intraluminal bleeding (8, .52%), small bowel obstruction (5, .32%), and chyle leakage (3, .19%). Of these patients, 26 (1.69%) underwent reoperation, and 6 (.39%) died. In the univariate analysis of clinical factors related to reoperation, intra-abdominal bleeding and small bowel obstruction were risk factors for reoperation, and intra-abdominal bleeding (odds ratio [OR] = 9.57, confidence interval [CI] = 2.65-40.20, P < .001) and small bowel obstruction (OR = 19.14, CI = 2.60-390.13, P = .011) were independent risk factors associated with reoperation in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Intra-abdominal bleeding and small bowel obstruction are independent risk factors for reoperation following radical gastrectomy. Patients with postoperative intra-abdominal bleeding and small bowel obstruction need to be warned about reoperation.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Nasal Fractures
Authors: Firat Koca Cigdem , Celik Turgut , Aydin Sukru , Kelles Mehmet , Yasar Seyma 
Published: November 2021

Objectives Nasal bone fracture is a frequent entity consulted to the otolaryngologists, approximately accounting for 39% of all facial bone fractures. The most frequent mechanisms of injury consist of assault, sport-related injuries, falls, and motor vehicle accidents. In this study, we examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric nasal fractures. Methods Children with nasal fracture who applied to Malatya Training and Research Hospital during the year before the first case and the following year were included in this study. Data of 172 patients for the pre-pandemic period and 79 patients for pandemic were available and included in the study. Demographic information, clinical features, nasal fracture etiology, nasal fracture type, type and time of intervention, and other accompanying pathologies were recorded. Results While falls was the leading cause of fracture etiology before the pandemic (64 patients [37.21%]), assault seems to be the leading cause during the pandemic period (27 children [34.18%]). In the pre-pandemic period, the intervention for patients with nasal fractures was performed on an average of 5 days, while this period was calculated as an average of 6 days during the pandemic period. When the 2 groups are compared in terms of nasal fracture intervention time, it was seen that the intervention time was statistically significantly later in the pandemic period ( P < .001). According to the results of the analysis, the most cases in the pandemic period were seen in the fourth month, which indicated a-month period between 11 June and 11 July. Conclusions In conclusion, our number of nasal fracture cases was decreased during the pandemic period compared to the 1-year period before the pandemic. We observed the most common type IIA nasal fracture. We gave outpatient treatment to most of the patients. Our most common cause of fracture was assault. We intervened in our cases in an average of 6 days and preferred closed reduction most frequently. We could not find any study on the same subject in the literature, and we aimed to contribute to the literature with this study.
Association Between Serum Amyloid A Expression and Disease Control after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps
Authors: Lu Hangui , Liu Haiyan , Wang Kanghua , Shi Jianbo , Sun Yueqi 
Published: November 2021

Objective Our previous study revealed that serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in polyp tissues could serve as a biomarker for the prediction of corticosteroid insensitivity in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, their association with disease control status in the patients after endoscopic sinus surgery remains to be assessed. Methods Polyp tissues and control uncinate process mucosa were collected from 48 patients with CRSwNP and 10 healthy control subjects. SAA expression was examined using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to determine the predictive value of SAA in nasal polyps. The clinical characteristics of 2 CRSwNP subtypes (SAAhigh and SAAlow) were evaluated. Results The SAA expression levels in polyp tissues were significantly elevated both in non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic CRSwNP as compared to the healthy controls. In patients with CRSwNP, the tissue SAA level was significantly higher in the disease-controlled patients than those of the partly controlled and uncontrolled. ROC curve analysis revealed that a cut-off value of 114.9 ng/mL for the tissue SAA level predicted the patients with disease-controlled status with 93.33% sensitivity and 63.64% specificity (AUC = .8727, P < .001). Furthermore, The SAAhigh subgroup showed higher tissue eosinophil numbers and percentage of the disease-controlled patients compared to the SAAlow subgroup. Conclusions Our findings suggest that measurements of SAA in polyp tissues may provide useful information for evaluating CRSwNP conditions, especially identifying the CRSwNP patients with disease-controlled status after endoscopic sinus surgery.
Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Early Impacts from a Multi-Site Random Assignment Evaluation
Authors: Patnaik Ankita , Levere Michael , Livermore Gina , Mamun Arif , Hemmeter Jeffrey 
Published: November 2021

Background PROMISE was a federal initiative to support youth receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) during the transition to adulthood. Objectives This article presents estimates of the impacts of the six PROMISE projects on youth and family outcomes as of 18 months after enrolling in PROMISE. Research Design The study uses a randomized controlled trial design. Subjects The six PROMISE projects each enrolled a minimum of 2000 treatment and control youth (and their parents) residing in their service areas who were aged 14 to 16 and receiving SSI. Measures We estimated impacts on outcomes related to youth and family service use, school enrollment, training, employment, earnings, and federal disability program participation using survey and administrative data. Results The projects succeeded in connecting more youth to transition services and more families to support services during the 18 months after enrollment, and most increased the likelihood that youth applied for state vocational rehabilitation services. On average, there was no impact on youth’s school enrollment, but there were favorable impacts on youth’s receipt of job-related training, employment, earnings, and total income. The projects did not affect parents’ employment, earnings, or income, on average. For most outcomes PROMISE affected, the impacts varied substantially across the projects. Conclusions The positive short-term impacts of PROMISE on youth’s use of transition services, youth employment, and families’ use of services are consistent with the program logic model and suggest there might be potential for longer-term favorable impacts on youth and family outcomes.