bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacist‐assisted prescribing in an Australian hospital: a qualitative study of hospital medical officers’ and nursing staff perspectives
Authors: Tran Tim , Taylor Simone E. , George Johnson , Chan Vincent , Mitri Elise , Elliott Rohan A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPharmacist‐assisted prescribing (also known as pharmacist charting) has been adopted widely across Australia. The perspectives of medical and nursing staff, however, is poorly understood.AimTo explore the perceived benefits and drawbacks of pharmacist‐assisted prescribing on admission and discharge, from the perspective of hospital medical officers (HMOs) and nurses.MethodsFace‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with orthopaedic junior HMOs, the orthogeriatric HMO and nurses during a study evaluating pharmacist‐assisted prescribing in an orthopaedic unit. Participants were individually interviewed to explore the perceived impacts of pharmacist‐assisted prescribing on patient safety, workflow and HMO skill development. Interviews were audio‐recorded and verbatim transcriptions were analysed independently by two investigators using a simple thematic analysis.ResultsInterviews were conducted with six HMOs and six nurses. Emergent themes highlighted various factors which may affect the ability of HMOs to prescribe medications accurately and in a timely manner when there is no pharmacist assisting with prescribing, and the impact of pharmacist‐assisted prescribing on patient flow, safety and staff workload. Participants felt that having a pharmacist assist with prescribing improved patient safety by reducing prescribing errors and admission charting delays, and assisted with patient flow by reducing delays in discharging patients. Participants felt that pharmacist‐assisted prescribing reduced their workload. They noted a drawback was the potential to de‐skill HMOs, but felt this was outweighed by the benefits.ConclusionsHospital medical officers and nurses reported that pharmacist‐assisted prescribing had benefits on patient safety, patient flow and workload and that these outweigh the potential drawbacks of potentially de‐skilling junior HMOs.
Thermogravimetric infrared analysis for the pyrolysis mechanism and shelf life of lycoramine hydrobromide
Authors: Ling Weihong , Qin Chong , Tian Chunlian , Feng Miao , Wang Chaochun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThermal decomposition curves of lycoramine hydrobromide were obtained in the nitrogen by thermogravimetry coupled with infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR). Four thermal analysis kinetic methods, for example, Achar, Coats–Redfern, Kissingers, and Ozawa methods were used to speculate the probable mechanisms of the thermal decomposing reaction and the kinetic parameters (apparent activation energy Ea and preexponential factor A). The shelf life of lycoramine hydrobromide at room temperature was calculated by the kinetics parameters. According to the theoretical calculations of thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTG), infrared spectra, and bond levels, the decomposition of lycoramine was divided into three stages. The first stage started from 227.3 to 312.3°C, chemical bonds between oxygen atoms and carbon atoms cracked and released alcohol material. The most acceptable mechanism is a chemical reaction control mechanism, which conforms to the reaction series equation, with f(α) = 2(1 − α)3/2. In the second stage, starting from 312.3 to 392.3℃, gases such as CO, CO2, amines, and NH3 produced by lycoramine hydrobromide decomposition were released. The most expected mechanism is a chemical reaction, F3, deceleration type α–t curve, which meets the three‐stage function, f(α) = 1/2(1 − α)3. In the third stage, the residual molecular skeleton (toluene) was thermally cracked deeply from 392.3°C to the end and the gases such as CO2, H2O, and NH3 were released. According to the kinetic parameters of thermolysis at the first stage, the shelf life of lycoramine hydrobromide was inferred, which was 4–5 years at room temperature (25°C).
Clinical Features of Parosmia Associated With COVID‐19 Infection
Authors: Lerner David K. , Garvey Katherine L. , Arrighi‐Allisan Annie E. , Filimonov Andrey , Filip Peter , Shah Janki , Tweel Benjamin , Del Signore Anthony , Schaberg Madeleine , Colley Patrick , Govindaraj Satish , Iloreta Alfred Marc 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo characterize the clinical features, risk factors, symptom time‐course, and quality of life implications for parosmia among coronavirus disease (COVID)‐related olfactory dysfunction patients.MethodsIndividuals with olfactory dysfunction associated with laboratory‐confirmed or clinically suspected COVID‐19 infection were recruited from otolaryngology and primary care practices over a period from August 2020 to March 2021. Participants completed olfactory dysfunction and quality of life surveys.ResultsA total of 148 (64.1%) of 231 respondents reported parosmia at some point. Parosmia developed within 1 week of any COVID‐19 symptom onset in 25.4% of respondents, but more than 1 month after symptom onset in 43.4% of respondents. Parosmia was associated with significantly better quantitative olfactory scores on Brief Smell Identification Test (8.7 vs. 7.5, P = .006), but demonstrated worse quality of life scores, including modified brief Questionnaire of Olfactory Dysfunction—Negative Statements and Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 scores (12.1 vs. 8.5, P < .001; 26.2 vs. 23.2, P = .113). Participants who developed parosmia at any point were significantly younger and less likely to have history of chronic sinusitis than those who did not develop parosmia (40.2 vs. 44.9 years, P = .007; 7.2% vs. 0.7%, P = .006).ConclusionCOVID‐19‐associated olfactory dysfunction is frequently linked with development of parosmia, which often presents either at onset of smell loss or in a delayed fashion. Despite better quantitative olfactory scores, respondents with parosmia report decreased quality of life. A majority of respondents with persistent parosmia have sought treatment.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:633–639, 2022
Analysis of metamaterial‐inspired soil moisture microwave sensor
Authors: Silva Lincoln Alexandre Paz , Brito‐Filho Francisco de Assis , Andrade Humberto Dionísio de 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this letter, the authors propose a microwave sensor capable to detect soil moisture content parameter for use in precision agriculture and agricultural smart monitoring applications. The novel sensor is based on complementary split‐ring resonator metamaterial topology, microstrip line and was built under biodegradable dielectric substrate of polylactic acid for sustainable purposes. The sensing mechanism relates the sensor's resonant frequency to the soil moisture content changes over time. For experimental validation purposes, a compact sensor prototype (75 mm × 35 mm × 1.55 mm and 12 g) with fundamental resonant frequency at 958 MHz was built and submitted to calibration process on typically sandy and clay soils to get fitting models capable to estimate soil moisture content. Simulated and experimental results are presented together and show good agreement with each other. The calibration data for both soil types were processed using the least‐squares method and the proposed curve‐fitting models are capable to estimate soil moisture content levels from 5% to 20% for sandy soil and from 12% to 23% for clay soil with satisfactory accuracy, proving the device viability.
Spatially resolved free‐induction decay spectroscopy using a 3D ultra‐short echo time multi‐echo imaging sequence with systematic echo shifting and compensation of B0 field drifts
Authors: Fischer Anja , Martirosian Petros , Benkert Thomas , Schick Fritz 
Published: December 2021

PurposeBiologically interesting signals can exhibit fast transverse relaxation and frequency shifts compared to free water. For spectral assignment, a ultra‐short echo time (UTE) imaging sequence was modified to provide pixel‐wise free‐induction decay (FID) acquisition.MethodsThe UTE‐FID approach presented relies on a multi‐echo 3D spiral UTE sequence with six echoes per radiofrequency (RF) excitation (TEmin 0.05 ms, echo spacing 3 ms). A complex pixel‐wise raw data set for FID spectroscopy is obtained by several multi‐echo UTE measurements with systematic shifting of the readout by 0.25 or 0.5 ms, until the time domain is filled for 18 or 45 ms. B0 drifts are compensated by mapping and according phase correction. Autoregressive extrapolation of the signal is performed before Gaussian filtering. This method was applied to a phantom containing collagen‐water solutions of different concentrations. To calculate the collagen content, a 19‐peak collagen model was extracted from a non‐selective FID spectrum (50% collagen solution). Proton‐density‐collagen‐fraction (PDCF) was calculated for 10 collagen solutions (2%–50%). Furthermore, an in vivo UTE‐FID spectrum of adipose tissue was recorded.ResultsUTE‐FID signal patterns agreed well with the non‐spatially selective pulse‐acquire FID spectrum from a sphere filled with 50% collagen. Differentiation of collagen solution from distilled water in the PDCF map was possible from 4% collagen concentration for a UTE‐FID sequence with 128 × 128 × 64 matrix (voxel size 1 × 1 × 2.85 mm3). The mean values of the PDCF correlate linearly with collagen concentration.ConclusionThe presented UTE‐FID approach allows pixel‐wise raw data acquisition similar to non‐spatially selective pulse‐acquire spectroscopy. Spatially resolved applications for assessment of spectra of rapidly decaying signals seem feasible.
Time‐varying characteristics of irregular rigid foundations on fractional visco‐poroelastic stratified cross‐anisotropic soils
Authors: Ai Zhi Yong , Hu Ke Xin , Mu Jin Jing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBased on the consolidation solutions of cross‐anisotropic stratified fractional visco‐poroelastic soils, the interaction between an irregular rigid foundation and the underlying soils in the time domain is studied. Firstly, the foundation is discretized into a series of elements, which is similar to the division principle of the finite element method (FEM). The displacement equations of the foundation elements are established according to the fact that the rigid foundation remains flat when loaded. Secondly, the flexibility matrix of the soils is obtained from the consolidation solution, which is taken as the kernel function of the Boundary element method (BEM). After that, the interaction equation is derived according to the displacement compatibility condition and equilibrium of forces between the rigid foundation and the soils. So, the relation between the displacement and the contact force of the soils is attained. Finally, the rotation, displacement, and reaction of the foundation are obtained by solving the interaction equation. The results are compared with several published references to prove the validity of this study. Furthermore, numerical examples are designed to investigate the effects of the viscoelasticity, cross‐anisotropy, stratification, aspect ratio and the irregular shape on the time‐varying interaction.
Memory dynamic output feedback controller based on asynchronous event‐triggered robust H‐infinity control for nonlinear ICPSs under data injection attacks
Authors: Qin Yanfei , Sun Ziwen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAiming at reducing the influence caused by data injection attacks, an asynchronous event‐triggered robust H‐infinity control (AERHC) is proposed for the stability of nonlinear ICPSs suffering from data injection attacks. A robust H‐infinity memory dynamic feedback control technique is designed to guarantee asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system under a Lyapunov functional and the robust stability criterion. Furthermore, a memory dynamic feedback controller which has five controller gains different from each other for mitigating the conservative of nonlinear ICPSs and for resisting data injection attacks in ICPSs. Meanwhile, an asynchronous event‐triggered strategy is adopted to reduce the data communication frequency among nonlinear ICPSs components, and it effectively handle the influence of coupling problem between the measurement channel and the control channel. Finally, simulation tests are conducted by using MATLAB to control the robustness of the motor angle position of electromechanical system by using AERHC, which verify that the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Escherichia coli levels and microbial source tracking in stormwater retention ponds and detention basins
Authors: Olson Erika , Hargiss Christina L. M. , Norland Jack 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the spatial and temporal changes that occur with Escherichia coli in urban stormwater systems. The goal of this project was to assess E. coli in urban stormwater detention basins and retention ponds, not connected to the sewer system, to determine temporal and spatial differences and evaluate the sources of E. coli utilizing microbial source tracking (MST). Surface water quality was sampled at three detention basins and five retention ponds during major storm events in the summers of 2018 and 2019. One week after each storm, groundwater and surface water were sampled. The MST samples were taken from storm events and normal flows, for both surface and groundwater. E. coli levels were higher during rain events in both detention basins and retention ponds and infrequently met a recreational standard. E. coli in groundwater was pervasive and infrequently met a recreational standard. The MST analysis found sewage, dog, human, and bird markers during storm events and sewage and bird markers during regular flows.Practitioner Points

Rain events had significantly more E. coli than during normal flows in both retention ponds and detention basins.
E. coli in groundwater was ubiquitous and fluctuates over time.
Microbial source tracking (MST) found bird, dog, human, and sewage markers present during all storm events analyzed.
Conclusion: Civil Defence Futures (Re)imagined
Authors: Cronqvist Marie , Farbøl Rosanna , Sylvest Casper 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReflecting on the individual studies of civil defence during the Cold War provided in this volume, this brief, concluding chapter performs three tasks. First, against the backdrop of the empirical analyses and the collective exploration of the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries, we reflect on the potential and limitations of this concept in historical scholarship. Second, we sum up the findings of the book by drawing attention to some of the most striking similarities and differences that emerge from the empirical chapters. Finally, we briefly make a case for the value and relevance of civil defence history for current imaginaries of security for civil society in Europe in the face of a highly diverse range of potential threats.
‘The World is Her Home’: The Role of Women Volunteers in Dutch Civil Defence in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: van Lente Dick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter describes, and attempts to explain, the contrast between a successful campaign by women volunteers to prepare women for protecting their families in the event of nuclear war and the stumbling efforts of the official Dutch civil defence organisation. The explanation is sought in the perception (or sociotechnical imaginary) of these women of their role in the nuclear age, and the grassroots quality of their work, as opposed to the top-down views and practices of the civil defence organisation, in a society which had a low opinion of the government’s efficacy in the extreme emergency of a nuclear war. The chapter illustrates the influence of widespread and deeply engrained perceptions, such as trust in the government and gender stereotypes, on attitudes towards a new threat.
Ruins of Resilience: Imaginaries and Materiality Imagineered and Embedded in Civil Defence Architecture
Authors: Farbøl Rosanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines ruin towns: civil defence training grounds that replicated urban war zones. The ruins provided a stage for enacting nuclear war, where the merely imagined was given a tangible expression. The chapter sketches the transnational extension-by-invitation of a British model of ruins to Denmark, and through architectural and historical analysis, it asks how it was re-embedded into a new national context and appropriated to local needs to become part of the common Danish civil defence landscape. The chapter, then, discusses how these ruin towns contributed to an affirmation of social norms and values, arguing that they caused a taming of the nuclear catastrophe as well as reflecting and reinforcing a specific political and historically situated understanding of social urban order and the good society.
Framing Civil Defence Critique: Swiss Physicians’ Resistance to the Coordinated Medical Services in the 1980s
Authors: Marti Sibylle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Coordinated Medical Services, an emblematic organisation of Switzerland’s total national defence system, were operational at the beginning of the 1980s. Through the Coordinated Medical Services, Swiss authorities propagated a sociotechnical imaginary the core of which was that Switzerland was able to survive a nuclear war through a huge collective effort. This vision faced severe criticism, in particular, from members of the Physicians for Social Responsibility and the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (PSR/IPPNW Switzerland). The chapter sheds light on their resistive actions, including conscientious objection, as well as on their effective discursive strategy of subjectivisation centring around the figure of the conscientious physician. This resistance contributed to a growing civil defence criticism that challenged the Swiss total national defence imaginary.
Feeling Present in Virtual Environments
Authors: Tjostheim Ingvar , Waterworth John A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe compare and contrast different current theoretical accounts of telepresence, including presence as a pretence (a simulation of reality), as pretending (making believe the virtual world is real), as a perceptual illusion (“the illusion of non-mediation”), and as embodied attention to the surrounding (or apparently surrounding) environment. These views are well-accepted in the field, and can be seen as contributing to a virtual travel experience, which is a kind of illusion. When we feel highly present, we believe in the perceived world in which we experience ourselves to be—it is in that moment real to us. Creating that effect is a key part of a convincing digital travel experience. To have that experience, we must be attending to the digital world, feeling as if we are physically surrounded by it. Our imaginations are involved in how we perceive our surroundings, and in how we conceptualise being there.
Tensor renormalization group and the volume independence in 2D U(N) and SU(N) gauge theories
Authors: Hirasawa Mitsuaki , Matsumoto Akira , Nishimura Jun , Yosprakob Atis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The tensor renormalization group method is a promising approach to lattice field theories, which is free from the sign problem unlike standard Monte Carlo methods. One of the remaining issues is the application to gauge theories, which is so far limited to U(1) and SU(2) gauge groups. In the case of higher rank, it becomes highly nontrivial to restrict the number of representations in the character expansion to be used in constructing the fundamental tensor. We propose a practical strategy to accomplish this and demonstrate it in 2D U(N) and SU(N) gauge theories, which are exactly solvable. Using this strategy, we obtain the singular-value spectrum of the fundamental tensor, which turns out to have a definite profile in the large-N limit. For the U(N) case, in particular, we show that the large-N behavior of the singular-value spectrum changes qualitatively at the critical coupling of the Gross-Witten-Wadia phase transition. As an interesting consequence, we find a new type of volume independence in the large-N limit of the 2D U(N) gauge theory with the θ term in the strong coupling phase, which goes beyond the Eguchi-Kawai reduction.
Usefulness of noninvasive diagnostic procedures for assessment of methotrexate hepatotoxicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Frankowski Marek , Świerkot Jerzy , Gomułkiewicz Marek , Korman Lucyna , Skoczyńska Marta , Starba Aleksandra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMethotrexate (MTX) is recommended as a first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There are no strict guidelines regarding monitoring for liver damage in RA patients. This study aimed to evaluate noninvasive diagnostic procedures in assessing liver fibrosis in RA patients. Ninety-six RA patients were recruited for this study. The procollagen III N-terminal peptide (PIIINP) serum level was measured in all patients. The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score (ELF-1) was calculated for 82 patients. Transient elastography (TE) was performed in 91 patients, those examined were divided into two groups: a study and control group, comprising patients with and without risk factors for liver fibrosis, respectively. The TE result correlated only with the body mass index—BMI (p < 0.05); there was no correlation with the cumulative MTX dose (p = 0.33). The TE result was significantly higher in those with risk factors for liver fibrosis than in those without risk factors (TE result >  = 7.1 kPa 28/42 vs 13/41, HR = 2.103, Mann–Whitney U test, approximately 0.02). There was a positive correlation between the PIIINP level and body weight (p = 0.028), cumulative MTX dose (p = 0.007), RA activity (p = 0.028) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the ELF-1 score and age (p < 0.001), cumulative MTX dose (p = 0.007) and RA activity (p < 0.001). The PIIINP level and ELF-1 score are not organ specific, and readings may vary depending on RA activity. TE is organ specific and can be performed by a skilled ultrasonographer might be useful to assess actual liver condition.
Truncating the exponential with a uniform distribution
Authors: Weißbach Rafael , Wied Dominik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor a sample of Exponentially distributed durations we aim at point estimation and a confidence interval for its parameter. A duration is only observed if it has ended within a certain time interval, determined by a Uniform distribution. Hence, the data is a truncated empirical process that we can approximate by a Poisson process when only a small portion of the sample is observed, as is the case for our applications. We derive the likelihood from standard arguments for point processes, acknowledging the size of the latent sample as the second parameter, and derive the maximum likelihood estimator for both. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator for the Exponential parameter are derived from standard results on M-estimation. We compare the design with a simple random sample assumption for the observed durations. Theoretically, the derivative of the log-likelihood is less steep in the truncation-design for small parameter values, indicating a larger computational effort for root finding and a larger standard error. In applications from the social and economic sciences and in simulations, we indeed, find a moderately increased standard error when acknowledging truncation.