bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult Balanoposthitis Patients Have a Higher Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Huang Chi-Ping , Lien Chi-Shun , Lee Sheng-Wei , Chang Chao-Hsiang , Lin Cheng-Li 
Published: November 2021

Background:
We investigated the association between balanoposthitis and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) from a retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
From the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) 2000, we selected male patients aged over 20 years and first diagnosed with balanoposthitis during 2000–2010. Men without balanoposthitis were also included in our analysis through frequency matching for age and index year. All participants were followed up until the diagnosis of type 2 DM. Diseases were coded in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Baseline comorbidity history for each participant was determined from the LHID dataset. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model was established, and a Kaplan–Meier survival curve was plotted.

Results:
The incidence of type 2 DM was higher in the balanoposthitis cohort than in the nonbalanoposthitis cohort (14.8 vs. 5.42/1000 person-years) with a hazard ratio of 2.55 (95% confidence interval = 2.22–2.92) after adjusting for age and other comorbidities. The incidence of type 2 DM increased with age in both cohorts. Balanitis patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or obesity had higher risks for type 2 DM than those without these conditions (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Men with balanoposthitis may have a higher risk of type 2 DM in the future. Therefore, clinical physicians should pay more attention to the early evaluation and management of type 2 DM in the patients with balanoposthitis.
Everted Saphenous Vein Graft (eSVG) Urethroplasty in Long-Segment Anterior Urethral Strictures
Authors: Rao Swatantra Nagendra , Khattar Nikhil , Akhtar Arif , Varshney Anuj , Goel Hemant 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
An everted saphenous vein graft (eSVG) has been used for urethroplasty in men with long segment anterior urethral stricture and chronic tobacco exposed oral mucosa with good initial results. The present study aimed to assess the medium-term outcomes of eSVG urethroplasty (eSVGU) in such patients.

Materials and Methods:
Prospectively maintained database of 32 patients with chronic tobacco exposed oral mucosa, who underwent an eSVGU for long segment anterior urethral stricture (≥9 cm), was reviewed. Outcomes were assessed with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry with postvoid residual urine at 1, 3, and 6 months, and thereafter 6 monthly symptomatic assessments. Retrograde urethrogram was done at 3 months and repeated only if there was a recurrence. Successful urethroplasty was defined as satisfactory voiding (maximum flow rate [Qmax] >15 ml/sec) and no need for any auxiliary procedures in follow-up. Patients who lost to follow-up before 3 years were excluded from the final analysis. Data from the patients were recorded on a spreadsheet and expressed as mean and standard deviation wherever feasible.

Results:
Mean stricture length was 13.75 cm. Two patients were lost to follow-up after 12 months and were excluded from the final analysis. At a mean follow-up of 58 months, 19 patients (63.33%) were voiding successfully with mean IPSS 8.15 and Qmax 23.54 ml/s respectively, while 11 patients (36.67%) required auxiliary procedures and were considered failed.

Conclusion:
Medium-term results suggest that an eSVG can be considered as a good alternative graft for urethroplasty in patients with long anterior urethral strictures.
Performing Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy is feasible for the elderly with marginal cardiopulmonary function
Authors: Lin Jian-Hui , Chiu Kuo-Hsiung , Ho Dong-Ru , Huang Yung-Chin , Huang Kuo-Tsai , Chen Chih-Shou , Lin Wei Yu 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report the feasibility, safety, and benefits of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) for patients with bladder cancer (BC) who are older than 75 years and with marginal cardiopulmonary function in a regional teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:
The charts of thirty patients who underwent LRC between 2013 and 2016 in a community teaching hospital were reviewed. The patients were subgrouped into the age groups ≥75 years and <75 years. Data extracted from the charts included patient demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Score, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) Score, cardiopulmonary function test result, pathological results, conversion rate, operative time, Intensive Care Unit days, and postoperative recovery time.

Results:
A significant difference was observed in the data of the group ≥75 years group compared with the <75 years group, with a higher ASA score (P = 0.0007) and higher rate of marginal cardiopulmonary function (80% vs. 26.7%, P = 0.0092). No significant difference was observed in sex, CCI score (3.93 vs. 3.27), body mass index (24.8 vs. 24.4), ejection fraction (69% vs. 70.97%), operation time (473 vs. 465 min), blood loss (503 vs. 380 mL), urinary diversion type, Intensive Care Unit care (1.13 vs. 0.6 days), interval to ambulation (2 vs. 1.8 days), interval to oral food intake (3.2 vs. 2.6 days), interval to normal bowel function (4.6 vs. 3.6 days), postoperative hospitalization (15.67 vs. 11.67 days), and blood transfusion rate (33.3% vs. 26.7%) between the two groups. No conversion to open surgery or mortality was observed. Surgical complications occurred in 15 patients, with a complication rate of 50%. No surgical mortality was noted in 30 or 90 days. Most pathological cases revealed urothelial carcinoma.

Conclusions:
LRC is a safe option with favorable outcomes in BC patients older than 75 years with marginal cardiopulmonary function in a regional teaching hospital.
Missed Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Mixed Infections in Ethiopia Threaten Malaria Elimination
Authors: Leonard Colleen M. , Mohammed Hussein , Tadesse Mekonnen , McCaffery Jessica N. , Nace Doug , Halsey Eric S. , Girma Samuel , Assefa Ashenafi , Hwang Jimee , Rogier Eric 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are co-endemic in Ethiopia. This study investigated whether mixed infections were missed by microscopy from a 2017 therapeutic efficacy study at two health facilities in Ethiopia. All patients (N = 304) were initially classified as having single-species P. falciparum (n = 148 samples) or P. vivax infections (n = 156). Dried blood spots were tested for Plasmodium antigens by bead-based multiplex assay for pan-Plasmodium aldolase, pan-Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase, P. vivax lactate dehydrogenase, and histidine-rich protein 2. Of 304 blood samples, 13 (4.3%) contained both P. falciparum and P. vivax antigens and were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for species-specific DNA. Of these 13 samples, five were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction for P. falciparum/P. vivax co-infection. One sample, initially classified as P. vivax by microscopy, was found to only have Plasmodium ovale DNA. Plasmodium falciparum/P. vivax mixed infections can be missed by microscopy even in the context of a therapeutic efficacy study with multiple trained readers.
HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN CHILDREN WITH HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES: BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION CONSENSUS
Authors: Darrigo Junior Luiz Guilherme , Mello Costa Thalita Cristina , Vieira Ana Karine , Albino Cintia Delbem , Navarro Barros George Maurício , Garcia Julia Lopes , Rigolin Fortunato Laila , Souza Santos Flavia Leite , Fonseca Guilherme , Guerino-Cunha Renato Luiz , Cunha De Santis Gil , Pinto Simões Belinda 
Published: November 2021

THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (SBTMO) PRESENTS THE BRAZILIAN GUIDELINES ON HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR CHILDREN WITH HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES
Data Visualization to Promote Understanding of the Community Health Impact of the Flint Water Crisis
Authors: Nikhar Annika , Kruger Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Between 2014 to 2015, the city of Flint suffered from critically contaminated water that caused long-term adverse health effects for many of its residents. In 2017, the “Speak to Your Health!” Community Survey assessed various aspects of adult Flint residents’ health. In addition to the health-related assessments, there were also questions about residents’ tap water quality, including during the times of Flint’s water crisis. This project used results from the survey on how water turbidity levels affected the number of days when poor mental and physical health interfered with daily activities. Diagramming software was used to create images representing this relationship in intuitive formats. These data visualizations are intended to boost data literacy among non-researchers, particularly the people and policymakers of Flint. Given that the crisis ensued after Flint’s water source was switched without proper infrastructure in place to ensure appropriate water quality, causing the population to suffer long term health, social, and economic complications, it is hoped that these results will be used to empower the population of Flint to advocate for continued investment in remediation and prevent future similar health crises.
CRISPR as a Potential Technique to Reduce Suicide Risk
Authors: Zamora Hidemi , Cornejo Javier 
Published: November 2021

As suicide is the nineteenth leading cause of death worldwide, it is important to focus on discovering ways to reduce the risk of suicide-related death as much as possible. With CRISPR starting to become increasingly popular over the past few years, this gene editing technique has been used to study how to edit, turn off, or knock out multiple parts of the genome. However, research on genes related to diseases as cystic fibrosis or Alzheimer’s disease has been mainly prioritized and, even though they are of high importance as well, important issues such as suicide have been left into oblivion.
Four genes have been proven to be key in influencing suicide risk, showing that not only environmental factors account for an increased possibility of death by this cause. Therefore, gene editing techniques such as CRISPR could be applied in order to knock out those genes and reduce this risk. This research used Synthego’s guide RNA design tool to predict how the use of CRISPR can be helpful in knocking out those four suicide-related genes and, consequently, in preventing suicide. The top-ranked guide RNAs for each gene were used, showing the best results possible and with the least number of off-targets, which, in turn, demonstrates the effectiveness of CRISPR as a potential technique to reduce the number of suicide-related deaths worldwide.
Clinical profile of pathological Jaundice among neonates admitted in the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan
Authors: Dechen Kinzang , Lhadon Tenzin , Mynak Mimi Lhamu , Phurpa Phurpa 
Published: November 2021

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition especially in the first week of life. There are various maternal and neonatal clinical characteristics that have been associated with pathological jaundice. Objectives: To describe clinical profile of pathological jaundice and to estimate its prevalence among newborns admitted at the National Referral Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to study pathological jaundice cases admitted at the Gyaltsuen Jetsun Pema Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH) from 7th November 2018 till 6th November 2019. Data was collected using a predesigned case proforma, entered and analyzed in Epidata after obtaining ethical clearance from the Research Ethics Board of Health (REBH), Bhutan. Results: Facility based prevalence rate of pathological neonatal jaundice was found to be 63.66% in our setting. The median age on presentation was 4 days. Blood group ABO incompatibility and neonates less than one week of age were found to be most common neonatal profile in this study. Significant association was found between primiparous mothers and excessive weight loss. Conclusion: The prevalence of pathological jaundice was high in our setting. ABO incompatibility, neonates less than one week of age, primigravida mothers with feeding issues should be closely followed or screened for pathological jaundice especially during the first one week of life.
Keywords: Pathological jaundice, Prevalence, ABO incompatibility, feeding issues, excessive weight loss
BENEFÍCIOS DO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO E INTRODUÇÃO ALIMENTAR SAUDÁVEL
Authors: Souza Elida Bezerra de , Junior Vicente Antonio Senna , Santos Jéssica Ezidório dos , Silva Michel Santos da 
Published: November 2021

O aleitamento materno exclusivo nos primeiros seis meses de vida é essencial para o crescimento adequado da criança, além de garantir a imunidade e evitar morbidades futuras. No entanto, quando a mãe não tem a possibilidade de amamentar ou opta por não o fazer, existem fórmulas infantis para substituir o leite materno. Aos 6 meses é iniciado a alimentação complementar, de forma gradual e com uso de dieta equilibrada e variada. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os benefícios da amamentação e a importância do aconselhamento farmacêutico no sentido de orientar os pais e/ou cuidadores para escolhas nutricionais adequadas e saudáveis tendo em consideração as necessidades inigualáveis de cada criança. Com isso concluímos que o papel do farmacêutico é de fundamental importância na orientação familiar.
Likuiditas, Return On Assets, Leverage Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak
Authors: Endaryati Eni , Vivi Kumalasari Subroto  
Published: November 2021

Tax aggressiveness is the actions taken by the company to reduce its tax obligations. A company is said to carry out tax aggressiveness if the company tries to reduce the tax burden aggressively, either using legal methods, namely tax avoidance or illegal methods such as tax evasion. Although not all tax planning actions are carried out illegally, the more loopholes a company uses to avoid taxes, the more aggressive the company is considered. And this study aims to examine the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable of this study. The independent variables are liquidity, ROA, leverage and firm size and the dependent variable is tax aggressiveness. And for the analytical method used is regression analysis, and descriptive analysis. Descriptive statistics are used to describe or describe the variables in the study. Descriptive statistics used are measures of tax aggressiveness of all sample companies. The description of the variables can be seen from the mean and standard deviation. The descriptive statistical test was carried out with the SPSS program. The results of the study found that liquidity has no effect on tax aggressiveness, then Renturn on Assets (ROA) affects tax aggressiveness, then leverage affects tax aggressiveness and company size affects tax aggressiveness.

Keywords: Liquidity, ROA, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Aggressiveness
Exploring the uncertainties in the aviation soot–cirrus effect
Authors: Righi Mattia , Hendricks Johannes , Beer Christof Gerhard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. A global aerosol–climate model, including a two-moment cloud microphysical
scheme and a parametrization for aerosol-induced ice formation in cirrus
clouds, is applied in order to quantify the impact of aviation soot on natural
cirrus clouds. Several sensitivity experiments are performed to assess the
uncertainties in this effect related to (i) the assumptions on the ice
nucleation abilities of aviation soot, (ii) the representation of vertical
updrafts in the model, and (iii) the use of reanalysis data to relax the model
dynamics (the so-called nudging technique). Based on the results of the model
simulations, a radiative forcing from the aviation soot–cirrus effect in the
range of −35 to 13 mW m−2 is quantified, depending on
the assumed critical saturation ratio for ice nucleation and active fraction of
aviation soot but with a confidence level below 95 % in several cases. Simple
idealized experiments with prescribed vertical velocities further show that the
uncertainties on this aspect of the model dynamics are critical for the
investigated effect and could potentially add a factor of about 2 of further
uncertainty to the model estimates of the resulting radiative forcing. The use
of the nudging technique to relax model dynamics is proved essential in order
to identify a statistically significant signal from the model internal
variability, while simulations performed in free-running mode and with
prescribed sea-surface temperatures and sea-ice concentrations are shown to be
unable to provide robust estimates of the investigated effect. A comparison
with analogous model studies on the aviation soot–cirrus effect show a very
large model diversity, with a conspicuous lack of consensus across the various
estimates, which points to the need for more in-depth analyses on the roots of
such discrepancies.
GRQA: Global River Water Quality Archive
Authors: Virro Holger , Amatulli Giuseppe , Kmoch Alexander , Shen Longzhu , Uuemaa Evelyn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Large-scale hydrological studies are often limited by the lack of available observation data with a good spatiotemporal coverage. This has affected the reproducibility of previous studies and the potential improvement of existing hydrological models. In addition to the observation data themselves, insufficient or poor-quality metadata have also discouraged researchers from integrating the already-available datasets. Therefore, improving both the availability and quality of open water quality data would increase the potential to implement predictive modeling on a global scale. The Global River Water Quality Archive (GRQA) aims to contribute to improving water quality data coverage by aggregating and harmonizing five national, continental and global datasets: CESI (Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators program), GEMStat (Global Freshwater Quality Database), GLORICH (GLObal RIver CHemistry), Waterbase and WQP (Water Quality Portal). The GRQA compilation involved converting observation data from the five sources into a common format and harmonizing the corresponding metadata, flagging outliers, calculating time series characteristics and detecting duplicate observations from sources with a spatial overlap. The final dataset extends the spatial and temporal coverage of previously available water quality data and contains 42 parameters and over 17 million measurements around the globe covering the 1898–2020 time period. Metadata in the form of statistical tables, maps and figures are provided along with observation time series. The GRQA dataset, supplementary metadata and figures are available for download on the DataCite- and OpenAIRE-enabled Zenodo repository at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097436 (Virro et al., 2021).
Complémentarité des images optiques SENTINEL-2 avec les images radar SENTINEL-1 et ALOS-PALSAR-2 pour la cartographie de la couverture végétale : application à une aire protégée et ses environs au Nord-Ouest du Maroc via trois algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique.
Authors: ACHARKI Siham , FRISON Pierre Louis , AMHARREF Mina , KHOJ Hanna , BERNOUSSI Samed 
Published: November 2021

Dans cet article, nous évaluons les performances de classification de trois algorithmes non paramétriques (kNN, RF et SVM) en utilisant les données multi-temporelles de trois satellites (Sentinel-1, Alos-Palsar-2 et Sentinel-2) et de leurs combinaisons. La zone d'étude choisie se caractérise par un climat méditerranéen subhumide et une topographie très accidentée qui rend la classification d’occupation du sol particulièrement difficile. En outre, elle contient une aire protégée nommée Jbel Moussa et présente une diversité biologique exceptionnelle. Afin de suivre le couvert végétal de cette dernière, nous avons acquis et prétraités les images satellitaires optiques et radar pour la période du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2017. Ensuite, nous avons combiné les trois satellites, soit douze scénarios produits. Des cartes de classifications illustrent notre approche. Un total de trente-six classifications a été obtenu, en se basant sur sept classes : eau, bâtiment et infrastructures, sol nu, végétation peu dense, prairies, forêt peu dense et forêt dense. Les résultats ont montré que pour tous les scénarios, la précision globale la plus élevée a été produite par RF (53,03%-93,06%), suivie de kNN (49,16%-89,63%), tandis que SVM (47,86%-86,08%) a produit la précision de classification la plus faible. L'étude a également montré une similitude entre les performances de la combinaison des trois satellites et celles de Sentinel-2 seul. Les estimations de la superficie pour les différentes classes vont de 0,85 km2 (0,11% de la zone d'étude) à 326,84 km2 (41,31% de la zone d'étude)
How Healthy is Health Sector?
Authors: KARA Harun Türker , KARA Sümeyra 
Published: November 2021

Financial distress is a condition in which a company cannot create sufficient income, thus making it unable to meet its financial obligations. Ignoring signs of financial distress can be detrimental for the companies, and it may even cause bankruptcy. The financial distress is about financial health of a company and credit rating is a good early warning indicator of financial health. This paper attempts to investigate the financial health of health sector in Turkey for the period from 2000 to 2020. In order to evaluate financial health of the health sector in Turkey, we use Central Bank of Republic of Turkey’s Company Accounts and calculate credit ratings via Altman Z- Score Methodology. The basic conclusion of the paper is that although the credit rating is not sufficient for investors, there are some improvements in the rating grades.