bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cohort Study to Determine the Prevalence of Pulmonary Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Shah Shahtaj Adil , Ahmed Atif , Das Sant , Kumar Maesh , Kumar Naresh , Keerio Niaz Hussain , Adil Syed Salman , Noor Syed Shahid 
Published: November 2021

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an ailment that has an effect on the lungs in cases of pleural inflammation; it affects the lower as well as upper lung airways. Other effects of the disease can be seen in interstitial lung problems (parenchyma) and pulmonary vasculature.
Aim: Evaluating the occurrence of pulmonary manifestations in RA patients was the objective of this study.
Methods: An observatory method that was cross-section in nature was employed in this study which was held in the Rheumatology and Medicine department, Jinnah Medical and Dental College Karachi Pakistan for the one-year duration from June 2020 to June 2021. Eighty subjects were included in this study, and all of them underwent a general examination, their medical history was taken into account. Several lab tests were performed on the patients, ESR, BUN, CRP, HRCT, ALT, radiological investigations, and chest X-rays were included.
Results: In this study42 percent of patients presented with pulmonary manifestations. About 45.70 percent of the patients presented with abnormalities in the spirometry test, 42.85 percent showed HRCT abnormalities. The HRCT scores vary with age, TJC (Tender Joint Count), ESR, and SJC.FEV, 1 HRCT, and FCV showed a negative correlation among each other. However other variables did not show any statistically significant correlation.
Conclusion: RA showed the prevalence of pulmonary affection, and this can be observed in pulmonary and radiological functions. There was an associationof age, pulmonary functions, and ESR.
Estimation of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Width with Golden Proportion in Undergraduate Students
Authors: Khatri Irfan , Shaik Jamshed Ahmed , Bashir Uzma , Jabbar Abdul , Shaikh Usman Bashir , Mustafa Muhmmad , Memon Abdul Bari 
Published: November 2021

Aim: To estimate the frequency of coinciding width of maxillary front teeth and golden proportion ratio in undergraduate students.
Study design: Descriptive Cross Sectional
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics, Liaquat Medical University Hospital from June 2019 to January2020.
Methodology: Total numbers of 96 students with maxillary anterior teeth were selected in this study. Appropriate size of upper maxillary impression of maxillary arch was made using alginate impression material with manufacturer prescribed instructions. The cast was retrieved between one and three hours of pouring. Digital caliper was used to measure for the spaces in the. The final recordings were entered in proforma. The data was analyzed by SPSS version-20.
Results: Among the participants 65% were males and 35% females. The mean age of the participants was 21.02±1.88 years. Rate of coinciding was significantly high in 18 to 20 years of age (p=0.032).Coinciding width of maxillary anterior teeth and golden proportion ratio was significantly high in 1st year student (p=0.038)
Conclusion: It was concluded that esthetics in dentistry cannot be justified mathematically and individuals should not be standardized. Whereas the dentists should follow few fundamental guidelines in the planning for esthetic treatment, it should be acknowledged that esthetics alters from person to person. That’s why it is important to consider the dento-facial specificities of every person and the inconstant natural tooth proportion during restoration or replacement of the maxillary front teeth.
Surveillance of Biomedical Waste Practices in a Multi Speciality Hospital, its Evaluation and Audit
Authors: Kulkarni Ketaki V. , Pathak Niranjan P. 
Published: November 2021

Aims: To assess the knowledge of Biomedical waste (BMW) categories, colour coding, transport, storage & disposal of Biomedical waste among the healthcare workers.
Study Design: Cross sectional.
Place and Duration of Study: Multi speciality Hospital, Pune, over the duration of 1 month.
Methodology: A predesigned questionnaire containing closed-ended questions was used to conduct this cross sectional study on HCWs. The data related to awareness & knowledge about various aspects of Biomedical waste amongst the Healthcare workers was collected.
Results: Out of total 100 Healthcare workers (HCWs), 40 doctors were correctly knowing all the categories of Biomedical waste. 45 doctors & 40 nursing staff (total 85 out of 100 HCWs) could answer correctly the questions on colour coding of BMW. Only 30 doctors & 21 nursing staff could answer correctly about BMW transport. 25 doctors &18 nurses could answer correctly the questions related to BMW storage & disposal.
Conclusion: The vigorous & repeated training & evaluation is needed to bridge the observed knowledge gaps amongst the HCWs.
Serum Vitamin D Status its Associated Health Problem in Children with PEM
Authors: Dhulse Pallavi S. , Mourya Archana 
Published: November 2021

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is an overall scourge with late gauges showing that more prominent than 50 % of the worldwide populace is in danger. Protein-energy malnutrition is probably going to be related with nutrient D admission insufficiency. The point of this review was survey serum vitamin D and its related medical issue in youngsters with protein energy ailing health Vitamin D deficiency is on the rise as a major public health problem in India. Majority of the population in India resides in areas receiving ample sunlight throughout the year; still vitamin D deficiency is a problem of growing concern 1, 2, 3. Skin complexion, poor sun exposure, vegetarian food habits and lower intake of vitamin D fortified foods could be attributing to the high prevalence of VDD in India.
Objective: To assess serum vitamin D status its associated health problem among children with protein energy malnutrition.
Methods: Evaluatory study cross sectional research design used to assess serum vitamin D status its associated health problem in children with Protein energy malnutrition in selected hospital of Wardha. 40 sample size taken who fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Non probability convenience sampling is used.
Expected Results: This study is planned to assess serum vitamin D its health problem in children with Protein energy malnutrition. Hence, it expected that significant association between serum vitamin D level and its health problem (Weakness, lethargy, pain, developmental delay, fracture).
Simultaneously Improving Radiative Decay and Reverse Intersystem Crossing in Space‐Confined Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer (TSCT) Emitter by Strong Intermolecular TSCT Enabled by a Planar Donor
Authors: Song Yongjun , Zhang Ke , Wang Pingping , Cao Yuan , He Lei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSimultaneously improving radiative decay and reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) of through‐space charge‐transfer (TSCT) thermally‐activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters has remained a challenge. Here, space‐confined TSCT‐TADF emitters are developed with a planar indolo[3,2,1‐kl]phenoxazine donor, a spiro‐carbon‐fixed benzophenone acceptor, and a fluorene (for 1) or xanthene (for 2) bridge. Close, cofacial donor/acceptor alignments and efficient intramolecular TSCT have been observed for both emitters. Intriguingly, emitter 1 exhibits an intermolecular donor/acceptor interaction as strong as the intramolecular one, which opens efficient intermolecular TSCT, improving the radiative decay rate (kr,s) to the same level as emitter 2 featuring a much stronger intramolecular donor/acceptor interaction. The intermolecular TSCT also largely enhances the RISC rate (kRISC). In the 20 wt.% doped films, emitters 1 and 2 show green TADF with high kr,s/kRISC at 1.1 × 107 s−1/1.3 × 106 s−1 and 1.2 × 107 s−1/7.7 × 105 s−1, respectively. Organic light–emitting diodes (OLEDs) using the emitters show high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 27.5% and low‐efficiency roll‐offs. Hyperfluorescent OLEDs using the emitters as sensitizers afford narrowband blue‐green emission with high EQEs up to 30.6% and largely suppressed efficiency roll‐offs. The work reveals that strengthening intermolecular TSCT is a promising avenue to simultaneously improve kr,s, and kRISC of TSCT‐TADF emitters for high‐performance OLEDs.
Enabling the Reprocessability and Debonding of Epoxy Thermosets Using Dynamic Poly(β‐Amino Amide) Curing Agents
Authors: Nguyen Loc Tan , Maes Stephan , Du Prez Filip E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEpoxy resins, by showing outstanding performances, stand out as the most applied materials in thermoset products. However, their excellent properties, associated with covalently cross‐linked structures, come at the expense of recyclability, thus posing environmental and regulatory challenges. Herein, starting from the recently explored reversibility of robust poly(β‐amino amide)s, dynamic curing agents are synthesized in a one‐pot procedure for their use in the preparation of epoxy‐derived dynamic networks. The obtained materials retain desirable properties while being fully (re)processable, with high temperature‐dependent viscoelasticity (activation energy (Ea) of ≈230 to 270 kJ mol−1). Moreover, this new generation of epoxy materials shows excellent resistance to hydrolysis and creep at elevated temperatures (up to 120 °C). As an entry point to further applications, the reversible curing agents are implemented in adhesive formulations, showcasing lap shear strengths that are comparable to commercial hardeners (up to 9 MPa). The β‐amino amide groups provide the obtained adhesives with the additional functionality of heat‐triggered deconstruction at elevated temperatures (130 to 150 °C), and re‐bonding capacity with up to 80% recovery in lap‐shear strength. To encourage industrial adoption, a cost‐effective, drop‐in synthesis protocol is developed using only bulk chemicals, hence facilitating practical implementation.
Robust Superlinear Photoresponse Based on p‐Te/n‐MoS2 Van Der Waals Heterojunction
Authors: Li Lijian , Guo Peng , Tang Kai , Sha Shulin , Xu Tong , Wan Peng , Kan Caixia , Shi Daning , Fang Xiaosheng , Jiang Mingming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotodetectors exhibiting robust superlinear photoresponse characteristics can overcome the limitations of traditional devices whose figures‐of‐merits decrease with increasing light irradiance at high levels, thereby providing a significant breakthrough for the development of intelligent optical devices with low power consumption and high efficiency. Herein, a p‐Te/n‐MoS2 van der Waals heterojunction photodetector is experimentally achieved that exhibits self‐powering operation, fast response speed, broadband, and polarization‐sensitive photodetection. When exposed to 570 nm illumination at 0 V bias, the detector demonstrates excellent performance, including a responsivity of 74 mA W−1, a specific detectivity of 4.1 × 1010 Jones, fast rising/falling times of 35/34 µs and a high photocurrent anisotropy ratio of 1.85. The device maintains competitive photodetection properties upon intense lights in comparison with its competitors, which is attributed to its superlinear photoresponse. Specifically, its superlinear photoresponse value reaches up to 2.0 at 254 nm, while it also showcases outstanding superlinear values in the broadband response regions. Associated with theoretical analysis, the superlinear photoresponse is primarily attributed to the photogating layer mechanism of 1D Te single crystals and their excellent hole conduction capability. This study paves the way for creating high‐performance photodetectors with potential applications in high‐resolution imaging, spectral analysis, neuromorphic networks, and others.
Continuous Tuning of Fe‐O Covalency via Bioengineering for Facilitating Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Guang , Zhang Shengqi , Li Wailian , Bi Zhuangzhuang , Wu Jiajie , Chen Yuxi , Ge Lin , Wu Bo , Li Lei , Qu Qing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe applications of Fe‐based electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reactions (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) are hindered due to poor stability and catalytic activity originating from rapid Fe leaching and the intrinsic electronic structure of FeOOH. Here, the study presents a strategy to precisely and continuously tune the morphology of FeOOH and the covalent characteristics of Fe–O bonds by controlling the coverage of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the FeOOH surface. Operando spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that regulating Fe–O covalency induces changes in intermediate adsorption strength and metal leaching, leading to a volcano‐shaped trend in durability and activity as a function of Fe–O covalency. Notably, in HER, negatively charged sites of EPS exhibit superior *H adsorption compared to bare FeOOH. In particular, EPS2@FeOOH exhibits excellent catalytic performance for both OER (η10 = 240 mV) and HER (η10 = 52 mV), with outstanding stability over 200 hours at 100 mA cm⁻2. The current density also reaches 10 mA cm⁻2 at merely 1.51 V in a two‐electrode configuration, significantly surpassing other bifunctional electrocatalysts. This approach will provide a promising pathway to enhance the stability and activity of water electrolysis through precise modulation of EPS coverage.
Wide Color Gamut and High Sensitivity in Luminescent Thermal Indicators from an Organic Energy Donor‐Acceptor System with Tunable Molecular Interactions
Authors: Martínez‐Denegri Guillermo , Soares Franciela Arenhart , Ślęczkowski Piotr 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe photoluminescent response of organic materials upon applied stimuli is a key property that can be easily utilized for their implementation in simple and inexpensive sensing devices. A wide spectral response together with an accessible detection constitutes two crucial features required for promising sensing materials. Here, a new energy donor‐acceptor intermolecular system in thin films is developed, realizing a gradual and irreversible change on the photoluminescent emission determined by the thermal history of the sample. These changes are principally induced in the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) type donor molecule that governs the overall interaction of the system as a consequence of the thermal events. Three main fluctuating channels of emission are observed, which are distinguished by the shifting of the acceptor emission and the relative intensity of all the spectral features. These effects are translated into a temperature responsive configuration that creates a widely tunable chromatic emission strictly consistent with its thermal history. The application of the thin films as wide range thermal indicators is demonstrated for simple visual inspection and for ratiometric sensing, showing noticeable color changes and remarkable sensitivities of over 14% °C−1.
Tailoring Robust 2D Nanochannels by Radical Polymerization for Efficient Molecular Sieving
Authors: You Yue , Ma Yuxi , Zeng Xianghui , Wang Yichao , Du Juan , Qian Yijun , Yang Guoliang , Su Yuyu , Lei Weiwei , Zhao Shuaifei , Qing Yan , Wu Yiqiang , Li Jingliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) nanochannels have demonstrated outstanding performance for sieving specific molecules or ions, owing to their uniform molecular channel sizes and interlayer physical/chemical properties. However, controllably tuning nanochannel spaces with specific sizes and simultaneously achieving high mechanical strength remain the main challenges. In this work, the inter‐sheet gallery d‐spacing of graphene oxide (GO) membrane is successfully tailored with high mechanical strength via a general radical‐induced polymerization strategy. The introduced amide groups from N‐Vinylformamide significantly reinforce the 2D nanochannels within the freestanding membranes, resulting in an ultrahigh tensile strength of up to 105 MPa. The d‐spacing of the membrane is controllably tuned within a range of 0.799–1.410 nm, resulting in a variable water permeance of up to 218 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 (1304% higher than that of the pristine GO membranes). In particular, the tailored membranes demonstrate excellent water permeance stability (140 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) in a 200‐h long‐term operation and high selectivity of solutes under harsh conditions, including a wide range of pH from 4.0 to 10.0, up to a loading pressure of 12 bar and an external temperature of 40 °C. This approach comprehensively achieves a balance between sieving performance and mechanical strength, satisfying the requirements for the next‐generation molecular sieving membranes.
Chirality‐Induced Hydroxyapatite Manipulates Enantioselective Bone‐Implant Interactions Toward Ameliorative Osteoporotic Osseointegration
Authors: Yang Liang , Du Jinzhou , Jin Shengyang , Yang Shuyi , Chen Zhaowei , Yu Shiyang , Fan Cunyi , Zhou Chao , Ruan Hongjiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInspired by the fundamental attribute of chirality in nature, chiral‐engineered biomaterials now represent a groundbreaking frontier in biomedical fields. However, the integration of chirality within inorganic materials remains a critical challenge and developments of chirality‐induced bionic bone implants are still in infancy. In this view, novel chiral hydroxyapatite (CHA) coated Ti alloys are successfully synthesized by a sophisticated chiral molecule‐induced self‐assembly method for the first time. The obtained samples are characterized by stereospecific L‐/D‐/Rac‐chiral hierarchical morphology, nanotopography rough surfaces, improved hydrophilicity, and bioactivity. Following implantation into rat femoral condyle defects, the distinct stereospecific chiral hierarchical structures exhibit highly enantioselective bone‐implants interactions, wherein the left‐handed chirality of L‐CHA strongly promotes osteoporotic osseointegration and vice versa for right‐handed chirality of D‐CHA. Consistently, in vitro assays further validate the superior enantiomer‐dependent osteoporotic osseointegration ability of L‐CHA, mainly by manipulating desired immunomodulation coupled with enhanced neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Moreover, as analyzed by transcriptomic RNA‐seq, a new discovery of down‐regulated IL‐17 signaling pathway is considered predominately responsible for the desired immunomodulation ability of L‐CHA. These results provide new insights into biological multifunctionality and mechanism underlying L‐chirality's roles for bone healing, thus may inspiring developments of new generation of chiral biomaterials.
Son Preference, Household Wealth Status, and Desire for More Children in the Context of Polygyny in Pakistan
Authors: Ibupoto Mukhtiar Hussain , Shah Athar Ali , Loong Anbang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe study explores the relationship between son preference and the desire for more children in the context of polygyny in Pakistan. It also highlights the link between household wealth status and son preference.MethodsData analysis entails logistic regression and simple linear regression tests utilizing data from the Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018. The sample size comprises 1796 women, belonging to polygynous families.ResultsThe findings show that at each parity, the desire for more children strengthens with an increasing number of girls than boys and it moderates with a balanced sex composition of children. The overall desire for more children slightly decreases with the increasing number of children, yet it is greater among women having fewer sons than daughters. Son preferences increase with increasing wealth.ConclusionWomen with more girls than boys continuously show a higher desire for more children. That could be translated as a pursuit of the desired number of sons. Son preference significantly shows a positive association with household wealth status.
Lactylation of tau in human Alzheimer's disease brains
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Yan , Rekowski Michaella J. , Wang Ning 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau (tauopathy) is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, a metabolic shift due to the Warburg effect results in increased lactate production. Lactate can induce a post‐translational modification (PTM) on proteins that conjugates lactyl groups to lysine (K) residues, which is known as lactylation.METHODSWe analyzed lactylation of tau in control and AD brain tissue and conducted cell‐based assays. In addition, we used in vitro assays to determine whether p300 catalyzed tau lactylation.RESULTSQuantitative proteomics detected that tau lactylation was elevated in AD brains, with K residue at position 331 (K331) being a prominent site. Lactate induced tau lactylation, which increased tau phosphorylation and cleavage and reduced ubiquitination. Inhibition of lactate production lowered tau lactylation; p300 catalyzed tau lactylation.DISCUSSIONOur findings suggest that tau lactylation links metabolic dysregulation with tauopathy and could serve as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target.Highlights
Elevated tau lactylation, particularly at K331, is evident in in human AD brain samples.
Lactate induces tau lactylation, enhancing phosphorylation and cleavage while inhibiting ubiquitination.
The acetyl‐transferase p300 catalyzes tau lactylation, with K331 being the most prominent site.
B12‐Dependent Radical SAM Enzymes Catalyze C‐Fluoromethylation via a CH2F‐Cobalamin Intermediate
Authors: Kong Liyuan , Zhang Jianliang , Wang Haoxin , Wei Zhifeng , Wang Wenrui , Hu Jing , Dong Min 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFluorine and fluorine‐containing functional groups play important roles in drugs and agrochemicals. Recently, SAM‐dependent methyltransferases and several SAM analogues have been reported for fluoromethyl transfer through a nucleophilic mechanism. However, fluoromethylation of unactivated carbon centers is very challenging, and their substitution usually involves a radical mechanism. To date, no biocatalysts have been developed for fluoromethylation of unactivated carbon centers. In this study, we found that the B12‐dependent radical SAM methyltransferase (B12‐RSMT) QCMT can fluoromethylate the glutamine Cα position of peptides with fluorinated SAM (F‐SAM) generated in situ by the enzyme AclHMT. QCMT can cleave F‐SAM to produce the 5'‐dA radical. The significant reaction intermediate CH2FCbI was characterized by HR‐MS, 19F NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. In addition, B12‐RSMTs CysS and GenD1 can also transfer fluoromethyl groups onto natural products. We also found that F‐SAM is not compulsory. The reduced B12‐RSMTs can directly generate CH2FCbI with CH2FI and transfer the CH2F group when SAM is used as the radical initiator. Our results demonstrate a radical‐mediated enzymatic strategy for fluoromethylation with abiological cofactors and expand radical SAM enzymes to the field of fluorine chemistry.