bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
African Housing Organisations Respond to The Hiv and Aids Crisis
Authors: Gopalen Priya , Pinsky Barry 
Published: January 2021

HIV and AIDS is an urgent housing and human settlements issue, especially among women and children living in poverty and suffering from poor housing conditions in urban slums in the South. The link between poverty and HIV prevalence is well established, and the fact that inadequate shelter increases the vulnerability of the urban poor to HIV and AIDS is increasingly recognised. Since 2003, Rooftops Canada and their partners in Kenya, Tanzania, Cameroon, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and more recently Uganda, have been working on strategies and developing programmes to respond to the AIDS crisis in these countries. Related programmes link shelter to poverty reduction through sustainable economic and social development, environmental protection, respect for human rights, democratisation and gender equality.
This paper compiles the experiences of the partner housing organisations and resource groups in Sub-Saharan Africa responding to HIV and AIDS among their constituent stakeholders. The community-based responses focus on promoting social sustainability, enhancing operational capacity and improving financial sustainability. Community-based responses relate to issues of stigma and discrimination, reducing the impact of housing rights violations and responding to the specific vulnerability of children, women and youth. Social sustainability deals with the impact of HIV and AIDS on the social viability of communities. Operational capacity analyses housing groups' responses to the organ-isational impact of HIV and AIDS - including loss of staff, leadership and institutional memory, decreased productivity and capacity - and the experience of including HIV and AIDS within the core organisational mandate. Financial sustainability explores the challenges of reconciling related financial and social goals.
Homelessness and Hiv/Aids in Johannesburg
Authors: Olufemi Olusola 
Published: January 2021

This paper contends that the peculiar, chronic, itinerant lifestyles and precarious spaces occupied by the homeless enhance their risk and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. These spaces, including the streets, shacks and cardboard boxes, mine dumps and unorganised shelters, expose them to indecent lifestyles, poor choices and greater risk of HIV, as well as Tuberculosis (TB) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs).
This study was conducted amongst street homeless people, shack and hostel dwellers in informal settlements in various locations in Johannesburg. Inferences were drawn from the personal experiences of homeless people, and inputs from individuals and organisations that are engaged and work in the field of homelessness. Types of dwellings, overcrowding, livelihoods, knowledge of HIV/AIDS and survival sex are among the issues examined.
Preliminary findings indicate that, firstly, poverty is a leading cause of precarious housing among the homeless. Secondly, behavioural practices, especially survival sex, make homeless people vulnerable to HIV. As a result, there is an increase in mortality rates from both HIV and AIDS amongst this group of people. Thirdly, the difficulties homeless people experience in gaining access to water, sanitation and health care services also compromises the care of those who are infected or affected by HIV/AIDS. Finally, other barriers to care and determinants of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS are the lack of knowledge, judgemental attitudes of the care providers overcrowding and lack of adequate nutrition amongst the homeless.
Toward Historic Urban Landscape Approach: Serial Properties Along the Bosna River
Authors: Kudumović Lana 
Published: January 2021

Today, preserving architectural heritage is imposed as an obligation, regardless of the type of heritage.
Heritage values are irreplaceable and priceless category of the remains of the human activities during the past, at the same time they are a category that seeks for a well prepared preservation program.
Regarding a cultural heritage preservation program developed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is obvious that much more must be done to preserve all traces of history as well as to manage and understand the heritage in a broader context.
The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of including different types of properties and urban areas, such as small scale towns, into heritage preservation and development programs. Settlement and heritage assets are subject to change in the future, but contemporary changes could be used as a driver for the development of a wide area and as a key resource for future development.
In order to recognize and distinguish the geographical setting of the Bosna River valley as a whole comprised of serial properties, two case studies, namely Tesanj and Vranduk towns settled along the Bosna River are described, focusing on the values as well as development challenges associated with small scale towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Relationship between the natural and built heritage of the selected sites acknowledged by its uniqueness, authenticity and integrity could be accomplished through a HUL (Historic Urban Landscape) approach. In this paper, all necessary steps of an integrated management plan are briefly described for the proposed serial of properties, recognizing serial of properties as the only possible sustainable category for the heritage sites along the Bosna River.
Cross Method and Design Process for DSF Elements
Authors: Ilter Sertaç , Vural S.Müjdem 
Published: January 2021

The double-skin façade (DSF) is one of the most crucial paradigms of building envelope design in last decades. DSF prospects a unified architectural phenomenon based on comfort rank of building driven by the dogmas of aesthetic-glass façade and practical-natural ventilation aspirations. Therefore, the utilization of DSF has been the most prevalent catalyst for architectural design.
The study discusses to structure a valid evaluation method focusing on DSF elements in order to fragment human comfort standards within asserting an accurate system in the preliminary design stage. The study significantly examines the tools/ways of integrating DSFs' human comfort parameters in contemporary architecture though a convincing design system. Apparently, the study aims to provide a proposed guideline within a established analyzing system for architects in order to better formation of DSF elements; which refers and promote the human comfort standards. The results demonstrate a modest insight on understanding the potentials of DSF elements in the early design stage significantly following defined architectural conceptions; cooling, lighting, thermal, acoustic and visual comfort intensity. Based on obtained data; study aims to enclose a diminutive knowledge or demonstration of how the concept might work for future development of contemporary architecture within DSF area.
In search of angels: the first bucket of gold for entrepreneurs
Authors: Song Garrison Hongyu , Jain Ajeet 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the allocation of the exit value of a start-up company in market equilibrium between an angel investor and an entrepreneur in the very early-stage financing market.

Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical model is established based on the two-sided random search theory and the model’s ability to match the empirical data is evaluated via simulation.

Findings
The model indicates that the allocation of the final investment outcome is not proportional to the initial investments by the angel investor and the entrepreneur. The simulation results show that the continued investment by the entrepreneur and the private benefit acquired by the angel investor have a more profoundly negative influence on the angel investor’s share of the exit value of the start-up company. Moreover, the market search structure represented by the matching probability of an angel investor to an entrepreneur has a more significant impact on the angel investor’s share than the other model parameters.

Originality/value
The importance of market search friction in the very early-stage financing market is emphasized. The concepts of continued investments and private benefits are introduced and quantified for the first time under the framework of angel investment. The impacts of such model parameters as the matching probability of an angel investor to an entrepreneur, the success rate of a start-up company, the bargaining power of an angel investor and the discount rate on the allocation of the exit value of the start-up company are investigated as well.
Examining schools as learning organizations: an integrative approach
Authors: Sheng Zhaohui , Watkins Sandra , Yoon Seung Won , Kim JoHyun 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of Watkins and Marsick’s model of learning organization in the school context and explore the relationship between the learning dimensions and perceived organizational outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the instrument, Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ), the study collected data from 322 teachers and professional staff in K-12 schools. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling provide validity evidence for using the DLOQ in schools.

Findings
The study results indicate the learning organization is a multidimensional concept and the quality of the school as a learning organization is related to improved organizational performance as perceived by school personnel.

Research limitations/implications
The study measured perceived organizational outcomes using a sample in an urban school district. Future research is encouraged to expand the study sample and to collect actual performance data to strengthen the findings.

Practical implications
The study provides reliability and validity evidence for an instrument that school leaders and practitioners can use to assist their evaluation of the school’s capacity as a learning organization to leverage improvement in school performance.

Originality/value
The study emphasizes an integrative approach in evaluating schools as learning organizations (SLOs) and extends the evidence base for the DLOQ studies. It offers empirical support for the significance of developing SLOs.
Soil microbial community structure and functionality changes in response to long‐term metal and radionuclide pollution
Authors: Rogiers Tom , Claesen Jürgen , Van Gompel Axel , Vanhoudt Nathalie , Mysara Mohamed , Williamson Adam , Leys Natalie , Van Houdt Rob , Boon Nico , Mijnendonckx Kristel 
Published: January 2021

SummaryMicrobial communities are essential for a healthy soil ecosystem. Metals and radionuclides can exert a persistent pressure on the soil microbial community. However, little is known on the effect of long‐term co‐contamination of metals and radionuclides on the microbial community structure and functionality. We investigated the impact of historical discharges of the phosphate and nuclear industry on the microbial community in the Grote Nete river basin in Belgium. Eight locations were sampled along a transect to the river edge and one location further in the field. Chemical analysis demonstrated a metal and radionuclide contamination gradient and revealed a distinct clustering of the locations based on all metadata. Moreover, a relation between the chemical parameters and the bacterial community structure was demonstrated. Although no difference in biomass was observed between locations, cultivation‐dependent experiments showed that communities from contaminated locations survived better on singular metals than communities from control locations. Furthermore, nitrification, a key soil ecosystem process seemed affected in contaminated locations when combining metadata with microbial profiling. These results indicate that long‐term metal and radionuclide pollution impacts the microbial community structure and functionality and provides important fundamental insights into microbial community dynamics in co‐metal‐radionuclide contaminated sites.
Nutrition risk screening methods for adults living with severe mental illness: A scoping review
Authors: Hancox Lauren E. , Lee Pui S. , Armaghanian Natasha , Hirani Vasant , Wakefield Georgia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimAdults living with severe mental illness experience a greater burden of physical comorbidities and earlier mortality than the general population. Malnutrition, overnutrition, dysphagia, constipation and disordered eating have been observed in this population and can lead to poor nutritional status. Early identification of such conditions may reduce their impact on functional status, quality of life and health outcomes. This scoping review aimed to identify all nutrition risk screening methods published in English internationally for use with adults living with severe mental illness and ascertain which, if any, were validated for the target population.MethodsA four‐step search strategy was used to search six electronic databases and grey literature, from inception to April 2020, for articles reporting nutrition risk screening methods used in this population. Information on the content and validity of screening methods was extracted and analysed by three independent reviewers.ResultsSeventeen nutrition risk screening methods were identified, of which three were validated within a population of adults with severe mental illness. One screening method was found for both malnutrition and dysphagia risk, respectively, and three for constipation risk. No single method was found for overnutrition. Eleven screening methods were identified for disordered eating risk, of which two were validated for the target population.ConclusionsNutrition risk screening methods and their validation in adults living with severe mental illness are inadequately researched. This scoping review highlights the need for future research to develop new or validate existing screening methods specifically for the target population.
Oxidative stress drives divergent evolution of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) gene family in mammals
Authors: TIAN Ran , GENG Yuepan , YANG Ying , SEIM Inge , YANG Guang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe molecular basis for adaptations to extreme environments can now be understood by interrogating the ever‐increasing number of sequenced genomes. Mammals such as cetaceans, bats, and highland species can protect themselves from oxidative stress, a disruption in the balance of reactive oxygen species, which results in oxidative injury and cell damage. Here, we consider the evolution of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family of antioxidant enzymes by interrogating publicly available genome data from 70 mammalian species from all major clades. We identified 8 GPX subclasses ubiquitous to all mammalian groups. Mammalian GPX gene families resolved into the GPX4/7/8 and GPX1/2/3/5/6 groups and are characterized by several instances of gene duplication and loss, indicating a dynamic process of gene birth and death in mammals. Seven of the eight GPX subfamilies (all but GPX7) were under positive selection, with the residues under selection located at or close to active sites or at the dimer interface. We also reveal evidence of a correlation between ecological niches (e.g. high oxidative stress) and the divergent selection and gene copy number of GPX subclasses. Notably, a convergent expansion of GPX1 was observed in several independent lineages of mammals under oxidative stress and may be important for avoiding oxidative damage. Collectively, this study suggests that the GPX gene family has shaped the adaption of mammals to stressful environments.
Assessment of human norovirus inhibition in cabbage kimchi by electron beam irradiation using RT‐qPCR combined with immunomagnetic separation
Authors: Jeong Myeong‐In , Lee Eun Ji , Park Shin Young , Kim Mi Rae , Park Sa Reum , Moon Yoah , Choi Changsun , Ha Ji‐Hyoung , Ha Sang‐Do 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCabbage Kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food, has occasionally been related to acute gastroenteritis caused by human norovirus (HuNoV). The present study examined the inhibitory effects of electron beam (e‐beam) irradiation (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 kGy) on HuNoV GII.4 in suspension or cabbage Kimchi using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction combined with immunomagnetic separation (IMS/RT‐qPCR). In addition, physicochemical and sensorial analyses were conducted to assess any change in the quality of cabbage Kimchi following e‐beam irradiation. Following e‐beam irradiation at 1 to 10 kGy, HuNoV significantly decreased to 0.28 to 2.08 log10 copy number/mL in suspension (P < 0.05). HuNoV levels in cabbage Kimchi were also significantly reduced to 0.26 to 1.57 log10 copy number/mL following irradiation with 1 to 10 kGy (P < 0.05) compared to positive control (6.0 log10 copy number/mL). The D‐values for 1 log10 reduction (90% inhibition) of HuNoV in suspension and cabbage Kimchi were 4.94 and 6.96 kGy of e‐beam, respectively. The pH and acidity in the irradiated cabbage Kimchi were 4.41 to 4.58 and 0.61% to 0.71%, respectively, indicating that e‐beam did not affect the optimal pH or acidity. Although a slight increase of greenness was observed in the leaf portion of cabbage Kimchi irradiated with 7 to 10 kGy of e‐beam, this color change was minimal and went undetected by panelists in the sensorial evaluation. The five properties of sensorial quality assessed were no different in the irradiated Kimchi sample compared with the control sample (nonirradiated cabbage Kimchi). Therefore, this study suggests that ≥6.96 kGy of e‐beam could be applied in the cabbage Kimchi industry to obtain >90% of HuNoV without affecting the quality.Practical ApplicationAs the most representative food in Korea, Kimchi needs the sanitation technology that can inhibit viral infection. Our findings suggest that e‐beam irradiation can be used to reduce HuNoV effectively in Kimchi without changes in sensorial quality.
Are Kansas farms profit maximizers? A stochastic additive error approach
Authors: Zereyesus Yacob Abrehe , Featherstone Allen M. , Langemeier Michael R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProfit maximization is widely assumed as a behavioral objective in agricultural economics research. This paper applies deterministic and stochastic tests to examine adherence of a sample of Kansas farms to the profit maximization hypothesis. A modification of Varian's stochastic method is developed to account for farms that have zero netput. Results indicate that none of the farms satisfy the joint hypothesis of profit maximization and nonregressive monotonic technological change under the deterministic case. Results support the existence of nonregressive technological change during the study period for the sample of Kansas farms. Using a rejection criterion of 10% for measurement error in quantity data, most of the sample of Kansas farms (81% based on the additive error model and 92% based on the proportional error model) adheres to joint hypothesis of profit maximization and nonregressive monotonic technological change. The consistency with profit maximization is stronger for those farms that do not enter and exit in the production of an output.
Long‐term follow‐up in patients with Brugada Syndrome in South China
Authors: Zhao Donghua , Liang Bo , Peng Jian , Tang Liangyu , Su Rongbin , Luo Lingli , Deng Bin , Wang Shuyuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of Brugada electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern, clinical characteristics, treatment, and long‐term prognosis of Brugada syndrome in southern Chinese population.MethodsThis prospective study consisted of a consecutive series of patients with diagnostic coved type I Brugada ECG pattern at baseline between January 2007 and February 2020. Histories of symptoms including ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF) episode, syncope, and family history of Brugada Syndrome (BrS) or unexplained sudden cardiac death were collected. Electrophysiological study and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) were performed. All patients included in this study were followed up in the outpatient department every 6 months after baseline evaluation. Occurrences of syncope, VF, and sudden death were independently analyzed by two cardiologists.Results45 (56.3%) patients were diagnosed with BrS. During a mean follow‐up of 7.9 ± 3.6 years, six patients had experienced documented VF/sudden cardiac death (SCD) or recurrent syncope. Two patients experienced episodes of syncope more than once. Two patients experienced onset of electrical storm with a total of 11 episodes of VF. There were 50% of these events occurring in fever status. One of patient with BrS died of SCD.ConclusionThere was a very low prevalence of Brugada syndrome in southern Chinese population. The risk of arrhythmic events was low in asymptomatic patients. ICD was high effective in preventing SCD without adverse device outcome in long‐term follow‐up. Fever can lead to predispose to malignant arrhythmia, and aggressive treatment of febrile state in Brugada syndrome was recommended.
Reducing occupational sitting time in adults with type 2 diabetes: Qualitative experiences of an office‐adapted mHealth intervention
Authors: Syrjälä Maria B. , Fharm Eva , Dempsey Paddy C. , Nordendahl Maria , Wennberg Patrik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimUnderstanding barriers and facilitators for limiting occupational sitting and what impact it has on health on those with type 2 diabetes is essential for future trials and intervention development in primary healthcare settings. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention using mobile health (mHealth) technology, together with counselling by a diabetes specialist nurse, to reduce occupational sitting in adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews were conducted in 15 participants with type 2 diabetes who completed a 3‐month intervention including mHealth; activity tracker (Garmin Vivofit3) and SMS reminders, one initial face‐to‐face patient‐centred counselling session and three telephone follow‐up calls by a diabetes specialist nurse within the primary healthcare system in Sweden. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsTwo themes were identified: (1) ‘From baby steps to milestones’ reflecting three categories; ‘Small changes make it easier to reduce sitting’, ‘Encouraged by trustworthy coaching’, ‘Physical and mental rewards matter’ and (2) ‘Tailoring strategies that fit me and my workplace’ reflecting four categories; ‘It's up to me’, ‘Taking advantage of the support’, ‘Using creativity to find practical solutions for interrupting sitting’ and ‘Living up to expectations’.ConclusionThe intervention was perceived as feasible and acceptable in different office workplaces, and led to increased awareness of sedentary behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes. Stepwise goal setting together with personalization of the mHealth intervention should be emphasized in individual type 2 diabetes programmes aiming to reduce workplace sitting.