bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can nutrient‐utilization efficiency be improved by reduced fertilizer supply to maize plants treated with the plant growth regulator paclobutrazol?
Authors: Hütsch Birgit W. , Schubert Sven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn previous investigations of several maize cultivars, an improvement of the harvest index was obtained by paclobutrazol (PAC) application combined with an increase in water‐use efficiency. However, so far nutrient‐utilization efficiencies could not be enhanced when control and PAC‐treated maize plants received the same amount of fertilizers. With adjusted fertilizer supply according to the lower requirement of the smaller, PAC‐treated plants, an improvement of nutrient‐utilization efficiencies may be expected. Thus, in the present study, PAC was applied at growth stage V5 to two maize cultivars (Zea mays L. cvs. Galactus and Fabregas) grown in a container experiment. Shortly after PAC application, differential NPK fertilization was introduced in order to obtain a nutrient supply according to the requirement of control plants (100% NPK), the requirement of PAC‐treated plants (85% NPK) and a further slight decrease (78% NPK). Plant height and transpiration rates were significantly reduced due to PAC treatment with stronger effects on Galactus than on Fabregas. Pollen shed, silking and the anthesis‐silking interval (ASI) were unaffected by PAC application and fertilizer supply. Senescence of PAC‐treated plants was delayed, whereas it was accelerated with reduced fertilizer supply. The grain yield of cultivar Galactus was significantly decreased due to PAC application by 13% to 20%, and this effect was strengthened due to reduction in NPK supply. These grain yield reductions were solely caused by decreases in kernel number, which were closely linked to reductions in cob length. On the contrary, PAC treatment did not affect grain yield of Fabregas and reductions due to less NPK supply were small. Harvest index and water‐use efficiency were enhanced by PAC treatment. Plant nutrient contents were similar for control and PAC‐treated plants, but strongly related to fertilizer supply with significant decreases due to reductions in NPK application. The N‐, P‐ and K‐utilization efficiencies of both cultivars were either decreased or unaffected by PAC treatments. The key constraint for improvements of nutrient‐utilization efficiencies is grain yield reduction due to PAC. This problem should be addressed in further studies with avoidance of grain yield decreases by delayed application time combined with fine‐tuning of cultivar‐specific PAC application rates.
Widely targeted metabolomics reveals the different metabolic changes in leaves and roots of two cotton varieties under drought stress
Authors: Zhang Xiaomeng , Chen Jing , Feng Keyun , Wang Ning , Zhang Siping , Ma Huijuan , Ge Changwei , Shen Qian , Liu Ruihua , Zhao Xinhua , Liu Shaodong , Du Xiongming , Pang Chaoyou 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCotton yield is affected by drought stress. We performed widely targeted metabolomics to explore metabolic changes under drought stress in the roots and leaves of two cotton varieties differing in drought tolerance—XLZ8 as sensitive and G95079 as tolerant variety. A total of 537 metabolites were detected at different stages of drought stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) was significantly enriched in all stages of drought stress in both roots and leaves of XLZ8. Amino acids showed enrichment in leaves of G95079 in the early stage of drought stress. Flavonoids were significantly enriched in the leaves of the two varieties in the late stage of drought stress. In roots, nucleotides and their derivatives were highly enriched in XLZ8 in the late stage of drought stress. The biosynthetic pathways of kynurenine and polyamine and glycerophospholipid metabolism may play an important role in cotton drought tolerance by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reconstructing cell membranes. Spraying appropriate concentrations of proline, kynurenine, S‐adenosylmethionine, glucose and 1‐oleoyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (lyso PC18:1) significantly increased the survival rate of cotton seedlings under drought stress. We speculated that ABA‐dependent and ABA‐independent metabolic changes may lead to differences in drought tolerance among cotton varieties.
Effect of conscious sedation and deep sedation on the vagal response characteristics during ganglionated plexus ablation
Authors: Aksu Tolga , Yalin Kivanc , John Leah , Osorio Jose , Winterfield Jeffrey , Aras Dursun , Gopinathannair Rakesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction: We aimed to determine the effects of conscious and deep sedation on vagal response (VR) characteristics during ganglionated plexus (GP) ablation. Methods: Forty consecutive patients undergoing GP ablation for vasovagal syncope were divided to receive conscious sedation with midazolam (Group 1, n = 29) or deep sedation with the midazolam–propofol combination (Group 2, n = 11). VR was defined on three levels. R–R interval increase of >50% (Level 1); R–R interval increase of 20%–50% (Level 2); and R–R interval increase of <20% (Level 3). Results: The ratio of Level 1 VR during ablation on left superior and inferior GPs was significantly lower in Group 2 (p < .0001 and p = .034, respectively). Once the cut‐off for VR was decreased to Level 2, the ratio of (+) VR was similar between groups during ablation of left‐sided GPs. Positive VR in any level was lower than 20% during ablation of right‐sided GPs. Conclusions: The autonomic tone might be affected in different ways by the level or type of intravenous sedation. Awareness of anesthesia‐related differences may be important if GP ablation will be performed by using VR characteristics during ablation.
Laser‐assisted lead extraction of a retained lead remnant in the femoral and iliac veins
Authors: Gianni Carola , Canby Robert C. , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Natale Andrea , Al‐Ahmad Amin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, we present a case of laser‐assisted extraction of a retained lead remnant following incomplete removal of an implantable cardiac defibrillator system implanted via a left femoral approach.
Cytokeratin 5 and cytokeratin 20 inversely correlate with tumour grading in Ta non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Muilwijk Tim , Akand Murat , Van der Aa Frank , De Coninck Vincent , Claessens Marc , Hente Robert , Eckstein Markus , Allory Yves , Libbrecht Louis , Joniau Steven , Gevaert Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCytokeratin 5 is a marker of basal molecular subtypes of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), which correlates with worse overall survival compared to luminal subtypes. Our observations have not confirmed CK5 as a marker of high‐grade (HG) disease in Ta non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Therefore, to understand the basal‐luminal immunohistochemistry profile in Ta NMIBC, we performed immunohistochemistry for CK5, P40, P63 (basal), GATA3 and CK20 (luminal) and studied the correlation with HG and clinical outcome in 109 patients with Ta NMIBC. HG and low‐grade (LG) diseases were scored in each patient. Four different CK5 patterns were evaluated: absent (median 41.3%), normal (72.5%), rising (84.4%) and full thickness (23.9%). The median percentage of GATA3 was 100%. HG disease and CK5 expression and rising CK5 pattern had a significant inverse correlation, whereas HG disease and CK20 expression had a significant positive correlation. We also found a significant inverse correlation between CK5 expression and CK20 expression. Quantitative PCR confirmed that the presence of CK5 correlated with up‐regulation of CK5 RNA. None of the markers could differentiate patients with regard to clinical outcome. Our results suggest a role for CK5 and CK20 in differentiating between LG and HG disease in Ta NMIBC.
Mobile Internet usage and usage‐based pricing
Authors: Prince Jeffrey , Greenstein Shane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing data on mobile Internet usage of thousands of individuals, we provide some of the first analyses linking mobile usage to key demographics such as income. We find a reverse‐U relationship between mobile Internet usage and income—notably different than the monotonically declining relationship found on home devices. This pattern suggests that data caps are particularly binding on low‐income users. We then construct a simple model of mobile Internet usage that incorporates demand features suggested by our empirical finding and prior empirical findings on device adoption and usage. After abstracting away from cost and two‐sided market considerations, we solve the model, and through comparative statics, identify demand conditions for which usage‐based pricing (via a data cap) is, or is not, revenue enhancing. Key insights from this analysis are: (1) the tendency toward demand‐driven price discrimination is hill‐shaped (increasing then decreasing) in the number of low‐income users and eventually declining in high‐income users, and (2) a relatively high (low) proportion of total value attained from relatively low usage levels by low‐income (high‐income) users increases the tendency toward demand‐driven price discrimination. Hence, to the extent that a market has a large number of low‐income users and/or high‐income users attain a higher proportion of their total value at the cap than low‐income users, the use of caps by providers is more likely driven by cost (or other non‐demand‐side) considerations than by revenue enhancement. Lastly, additional analysis shows a largely monotonically increasing relationship between income and usage intensity (measured as page views in a session), suggesting that, ceteris paribus, price discrimination strategies may be more effective if tied to usage intensity rather than duration.
A new species of viviparous brotula genusPseudogilbia(Ophidiiformes: Dinematichthyidae)fromBrazilianreefs, with an updated diagnosis of the genus
Authors: Bauer Arthur B. , Schwarzhans Werner W. , Moura Rodrigo L. , Nunes José Anchieta C. C. , Mincarone Michael M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, a new species ofPseudogilbiaMøller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen 2004 is described based on two male specimens (40–44 mmLS) from shallow reefs of Bahia, Brazil.Pseudogilbia australissp. nov. is distinguished from its only congener,Pseudogilbia sanblasensisMøller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen 2004 from Caribbean Panama, by having: two lower preopercular pores (vs. one); dorsal‐fin rays 65–67 (vs. 69); anal‐fin rays 51–53 (vs. 56); pectoral‐fin rays 18 (vs. 20); caudal vertebrae 27–28 (vs. 30); pectoral‐fin length 15.0%–15.9%LS(vs. 14.3); pelvic‐fin length 13.5%LS(vs. 16.4) and a different morphology of the male copulatory organ.Pseudogilbia australissp. nov. is the only dinematichthyid so far recorded in the South Atlantic. An updated diagnosis for the genus is also provided.
Perioperative cardiovascular outcomes among older adults undergoing in‐hospital noncardiac surgery
Authors: Banco Darcy , Dodson John A. , Berger Jeffrey S. , Smilowitz Nathaniel R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults undergoing noncardiac surgery have a high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). This study aims to estimate the magnitude of increased perioperative risk, and examine national trends in perioperative MACE following in‐hospital noncardiac surgery in older adults compared to middle‐aged adults.DesignTime‐series analysis of retrospective longitudinal data.SettingThe United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality National Inpatient Sample (NIS).ParticipantsHospitalizations for major noncardiac surgery among adults age ≥45 years between January 2004 and December 2014.MeasurementsInpatient perioperative MACE was defined as a composite of in‐hospital death, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemic stroke. In hospital death was determined from the NIS discharge disposition. MI and ischemic stroke were defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes.ResultsOf an estimated 55,349,978 surgical hospitalizations, 26,423,039 (47.7%) were for adults age 45–64, 14,231,386 (25.7%) age 65–74, 10,621,029 (19.2%) age 75–84 years, and 4,074,523 (7.4%) age ≥85 years. MACE occurred in 1,601,022 surgical hospitalizations (2.9%). Adults 65–74 (2.8%; aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.14–1.17), 75–84 years (4.5%; aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.28–1.32), and ≥85 years (6.9%; aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.52–1.57) had greater risk of MACE than those 45–64 years (1.7%). From 2004 to 2014, MACE declined among adults 65–74 (3.1–2.5%, p < 0.001), 75–85 years (4.9–3.9%, p < 0.001), and ≥85 years (7.7–6.1%, p < 0.001), but was unchanged for adults age 45–64. Declines in MACE were driven by decreased MI and mortality despite increased stroke.ConclusionOlder adults accounted for half of hospitalizations, but experienced the majority of MACE. Older adults had greater adjusted odds of MACE than younger individuals. The proportion of perioperative MACE declined over time, despite increases in ischemic stroke. These data highlight risks of noncardiac surgery in older adults that warrant increased attention to improve perioperative outcomes.
Cyclical Part‐Time Employment in an Estimated New Keynesian Model with Search Frictions
Authors: MUKOYAMA TOSHIHIKO , SHINTANI MOTOTSUGU , TERAMOTO KAZUHIRO 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the dynamics of full‐time and part‐time employment over the business cycle. We first document basic macroeconomic facts on these employment stocks using the U.S. data and decompose their cyclical dynamics into the contributions of different flows into and out of these stocks. Second, we develop and estimate a New Keynesian search‐and‐matching model with a segmented labor market to uncover the fundamental driving forces of the cyclical dynamics of employment stocks. We find the countercyclicality of the (net) flow from full‐time to part‐time employment is essential in accounting for countercyclical patterns of part‐time employment.
Braincase anatomy of extant Crocodylia, with new insights into the development and evolution of the neurocranium in crocodylomorphs
Authors: Kuzmin Ivan T. , Boitsova Elizaveta A. , Gombolevskiy Victor A. , Mazur Evgeniia V. , Morozov Sergey P. , Sennikov Andrey G. , Skutschas Pavel P. , Sues Hans‐Dieter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPresent‐day crocodylians exhibit a remarkably akinetic skull with a highly modified braincase. We present a comprehensive description of the neurocranial osteology of extant crocodylians, with notes on the development of individual skeletal elements and a discussion of the terminology used for this project. The quadrate is rigidly fixed by multiple contacts with most braincase elements. The parabasisphenoid is sutured to the pterygoids (palate) and the quadrate (suspensorium); as a result, the basipterygoid joint is completely immobilized. The prootic is reduced and externally concealed by the quadrate. It has a verticalized buttress that participates in the canal for the temporal vasculature. The ventrolateral processes of the otoccipitals completely cover the posteroventral region of the braincase, enclose the occipital nerves and blood vessels in narrow bony canals and also provide additional sutural contacts between the braincase elements and further consolidate the posterior portion of the crocodylian skull. The otic capsule of crocodylians has a characteristic cochlear prominence that corresponds to the lateral route of the perilymphatic sac. Complex internal structures of the otoccipital (extracapsular buttress) additionally arrange the neurovascular structures of the periotic space of the cranium. Most of the braincase elements of crocodylians are excavated by the paratympanic pneumatic sinuses. The braincase in various extant crocodylians has an overall similar structure with some consistent variation between taxa. Several newly observed features of the braincase are present in Gavialis gangeticus and extant members of Crocodylidae to the exclusion of alligatorids: the reduced exposure of the prootic buttress on the floor of the temporal canal, the sagittal nuchal crest of the supraoccipital projecting posteriorly beyond the postoccipital processes and the reduced paratympanic pneumaticity. The most distinctive features of the crocodylian braincase (fixed quadrate and basipterygoid joint, consolidated occiput) evolved relatively rapidly at the base of Crocodylomorpha and accompanied the initial diversification of this clade during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. We hypothesize that profound rearrangements in the individual development of the braincases of basal crocodylomorphs underlie these rapid evolutionary modifications. These rearrangements are likely reflected in the embryonic development of extant crocodylians and include the involvement of neomorphic dermal anlagen in different portions of the developing chondrocranium, the extensive ossification of the palatoquadrate cartilage as a single expanded quadrate and the anteromedial inclination of the quadrate.
Localization of nerve entry points and the center of intramuscular nerve‐dense regions in the adult pectoralis major and pectoralis minor and its significance in blocking muscle spasticity
Authors: Li Yanrong , Wang Meng , Tang Shaohua , Zhu Xiankun , Yang Shengbo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aims of this study were to localize the body surface position and depth of nerve entry points, and the center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor in order to provide guidance for blocking muscle spasticity. Formalin‐fixed adult cadavers (66.3 ± 5.2 years) were used. The curved line on the skin from the acromion to the most inferior point of the jugular notch was defined as the horizontal reference line (H). The line from the most inferior point of the jugular notch to the xiphisternal joint was defined as the longitudinal reference line (L). The nerve entry points was anatomically exposed. Sihler's staining, barium sulfate labeling, and computed tomography were employed to determine the projection points (P) on the body surface. The intersection of the longitudinal line through the P point and the H line and the horizontal line through the P point and the L line were recorded as PH and PL, respectively. The projection of the nerve entry points or the center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions were in the opposite direction across the transverse plane and were recorded as P'. The percentage positions of PH and PL on the H and L lines, as well as the nerve entry points and the center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions depths, were determined using the Syngo system. The pectoralis major had two nerve entry points, while the pectoralis minor had only one. In addition, two intramuscular nerve‐dense regions were found in the pectoralis major, while only one region was found in the pectoralis minor. The PH of the nerve entry points were located at 47.83%, 32.31%, and 34.31%, while the PH of the center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions were at 41.95%, 55.88%, and 32.58% of line H, respectively. The PL of the nerve entry points were at −9.84%, 36.16%, and 2.44%, while the PL for each of three center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions was at −3.87%, 25.29%, and −7.13% of line L, respectively. The depth for each of the nerve entry points was at 17.76%, 17.53%, and 25.51% of line P‐P′’, respectively, and the depth of the center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions was at 5.23%, 6.75%, and 13.73% of line P‐P′, respectively. These percentage values are all means. The definition of the surface position and depth of these nerve entry points and center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions can improve the localization efficiency and efficacy of target blocking for pectoralis major and minor spasticity.
A model of consumer life‐satisfaction amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence and policy implications
Authors: Ekici Ahmet , Watson Forrest 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has dramatically impacted the lives of consumers across the globe. What guidance can consumer researchers and policymakers provide consumers to elicit adaptive responses that contribute to their life‐satisfaction under these adverse conditions? To this end, we develop and test an adaptive response model and demonstrate its impact on the life‐satisfaction of the consumers experiencing the pandemic in Turkey. Our model suggests that amidst COVID‐19, seeking emotional help triggers the positivity in people, which in turn increases life‐satisfaction. Moreover, turning to religion to deal with the challenges of the pandemic leads to positivity and hope, which in turn positively affect life‐satisfaction. Importantly, “escape” behaviors (such as excessive work or time spent in online shows/games) reduce positivity and hope in consumers, thus negatively impacting life‐satisfaction. The paper discusses the conceptual and public policy implications of the results and offers recommendations for future research.
One‐sided bargaining over a finite set of alternatives
Authors: Groseclose Tim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractI consider a bargaining game in which only one player can make proposals and the space of proposals is finite. Thus, the game is like a situation where: (i) a CEO suggests a possible hire, who must be okayed by a board of directors, or (ii) the US president nominates a potential judge, who must be okayed by the Senate. My main result is an algorithm that finds the unique subgame‐perfect equilibrium. The number of steps in the algorithm is on the order of , the number of possibilities (e.g., applicants to a job) that the bargainers may consider. By contrast, if one uses backwards induction to solve the game, then the number of steps is on the order of . A corollary of the main result, similar to some results of previous bargaining models, is that the wait costs of only one player, the non‐proposer, is relevant to the outcome. The wait costs of the proposer are irrelevant, provided that they are positive. Applied to the nomination process specified by the US Constitution, the corollary suggests that only the Senate's wait costs are relevant to the outcome—the president's wait costs are irrelevant. As I argue, this result may explain a little‐noticed regularity of American politics. This is that the Senate seems to have much influence in the selection of lower‐court judges but relatively little influence in the selection of Supreme Court justices.
The impact of medical complications on optimal hospital payment
Authors: Maréchal François , Thomas Lionel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the optimal payment policy offered by a regulator to a partially altruistic hospital when the latter privately observes the severity of illness of patients and chooses a hidden quality that influences the probability of medical complications occurring. We analyze how the level of altruism of the hospital affects the conditions under which the payment, for a given diagnosis‐related group, should be refined according to the severity of illness and the occurrence of complications.
On the Neutrality of  Profit Taxation in a Mixed Oligopoly
Authors: Kuo Horn‐In , Peng Cheng‐Hau , Glen Ueng K. L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the neutrality of profit taxation in a mixed oligopoly where one (partially) public firm competes with private firms. We find that the neutrality of a profit tax is robust under a general cost and a general demand function as long as the degree of privatization is endogenously determined. This result is also true when product heterogeneity is considered under both Cournot and Bertrand competition. By contrast, if the degree of privatization is exogenously given, the profit tax neutrality holds only in the cases where the public firm is fully privatized or fully state‐owned; otherwise, the neutrality breaks down.