bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observing multifarious topological phase transitions with real-space indicator
Authors: Lu Yong-Heng , Wang Yao , Mei Feng , Chang Yi-Jun , Zheng Hang , Jia Suotang , Jin Xian-Min 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
First- and second-order topological phases, capable of inherent protection against disorder of materials, have been recently experimentally demonstrated in various artificial materials through observing the topologically protected edge states. Topological phase transition represents a new class of quantum critical phenomena, which is accompanied by the changes related to the bulk topology of energy band structures instead of symmetry. However, it is still a challenge to directly observe the topological phase transitions defined in terms of bulk states. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the direct observation of multifarious topological phase transitions with real-space indicator in a single photonic chip, which is formed by integration of 324 × 33 waveguides supporting both first- and second-order topological phases. The trivial-to-first-order, trivial-to-second-order and first-to-second-order topological phase transitions signified by the band gap closure can all be directly detected via photon evolution in the bulk. We further observe the creation and destruction of gapped topological edge states associated with these topological phase transitions. The bulk-state-based route to investigate the high-dimensional and high-order topological features, together with the platform of freely engineering topological materials by three-dimensional laser direct writing in a single photonic chip, opens up a new avenue to explore the mechanisms and applications of artificial devices.
Why-questions and focus in Italian
Authors: Beltrame Francesco , Chesi Cristiano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study we argue that the appropriateness of an answer to awhy-question, potentially bearing on multiple contrast classes, is mainly influenced by the focalized argument, which identifies the relevant reference set. The focalization structure, however, interacts in a non-trivial way with the thematic structure and its accessibility, suggesting a general (independent) prominence of the direct object (DO) over the indirect one (IO). In correlation to that, we also observed that DO appears more resistant to extraction compared to IO, while it seems felicitous in a post-IO focalized low position (light NP-shifting). These contrasts are obtained by running five distinct experiments in Italian targeting various dislocation configurations: Four forced choice tasks manipulating leftward dislocation (i) clefting versus (ii) fronting versus (iii) clitic left dislocation and (iv) postverbal reordering (canonical DO IO order vs. IO DO) in ditransitive predicates. Then (v) an acceptability judgment study was administered to assess the difficulty in figuring out a licensing context coherent with the argument ordering, provided in the why-question. To minimize the interacting factors, all sentences included null subjects and a context was provided for each experimental item in the forced choice tasks, introducing the relevant contrast classes.
Fiber-optic Michelson interferometer based on α-Fe2O3/ZrO2sensing membrane and its application in trace fluoride-ion detection
Authors: Yue Zizheng , Feng Wenlin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, a fiber-optic fluoride-ion-detection Michelson interferometer based on the thin-core fiber (TCF) and no-core fiber (NCF) coated with α-Fe2O3/ZrO2sensing film is proposed and presented. The single-mode fiber (SMF) is spliced with the TCF and NCF in turn, and a waist-enlarged taper is spliced between them. Then, a silver film is plated on the end face of NCF to enhance the reflection. After the absorption of fluoride ion by the sensing film, the effective refractive index (RI) of the coated cladding will change, which leads to the regular red shift of the interference dip with the increasing fluoride-ion concentration. Thus, the fluoride-ion concentrations can be determined according to the corresponding dip wavelength shifts. The results show that the sensor has an excellent linear response (R2= 0.995) with good sensitivity (8.970 nm/ppm) when the fluoride-ion concentration is in the range of 0–1.5 ppm. The response time is about 15 s. The sensor has the advantage of good selectivity, good temperature and pH stabilities, and can be applied to detect fluoride ion effectively.
Synthesis, hydrogen bond interactions and crystal structure elucidation of some stable 2H-imidazolium salts
Authors: Al-Sheikh Ahmed , Mallah Eyad , Sweidan Kamal , Abualassal Qais , Abudayeh Zead , Abu-Qatouseh Luay , Steimann Manfred 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Reaction of 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (1) with phthalimide, quinazolinedione, thiophenole and 4-pyridinethiole led to the formation of the hydrogen-bonded salts, imidazolium phthalimide (2), imidazolium quinazolinedione (3), imidazolium thiophenolate (4) and imidazolium 4-pyridinethiolate (5), respectively, in good yield. In crystals of 2, the anion is linked to the imidazolium cation by a C–H···O hydrogen bond, while in 3 and 5 C–H···N hydrogen bonds are observed. In 4, the imidazolium ion is linked to the anion by C–H···S hydrogen bonds. In compounds 2, 3 and 5, the interionic hydrogen bonds are close to linearity, while the interionic hydrogen bond angle in 4 is 148.5(9)°.
Гуманитарная экспертиза полного цикла
Authors: Шевченко Сергей Юрьевич , Шкомова Екатерина Михайловна , Лаврентьева Софья Всеволодовна 
Published: November 2021

<p>В статье предлагается концепция гуманитарной экспертизы полного цикла. В ее основу положен опыт участия авторов в проекте по изучению коммуникативных проблем в сфере геномной медицины. Представленная концепция развивает идеи одного из основоположников гуманитарной экспертизы Б. Г. Юдина об «опереживающем обживании социальных эффектов технологий» и продолжающемся характере экспертной деятельности. Задачи и предметное поле гуманитарной экспертизы полного цикла раскрываются в свете их трактовок в работах А. А. Воронина и Вал. А. Лукова.</p><p>Задачи полного цикла экспертизы в отношении отдельной социотехнической практики формулируются как достижение участниками этой практики взаимопонимания по поводу: форм неопределенности, в контексте которых реализуется эта практика; конкретных планов и правил осуществления этой практики; генерализованного смысла реализации этих планов.</p><p>Показано, что значимым элементом предметного поля гуманитарной экспертизы является семья. При этом подходом к заданию такого поля может служить теория ассамбляжей, элементы которых не связаны иерархическими отношениями. Иными словами, член семьи не рассматривается как элемент множества (самой семьи), но и семья не задается через отношение к индивиду (например, к пациенту врача-генетика).</p><p>В свете указанных предметов и задач рассмотрено три уровня цикличности гуманитарной экспертизы: дисциплинарный (цикличность смены дисциплинарных подходов), эвристический (цикличность использования нарративных и концептуальных инструментов при создании общей эвристики), проблемный (цикличность затруднений в постановке или формулировке проблем).</p>
Проблемы понимания результатов генетической диагностики клиницистами
Authors: Шестак Анна Геннадьевна , Шевченко Сергей Юрьевич , Румянцева Виктория Алексеевна 
Published: November 2021

<p>Проблема понимания генетических терминов неспециалистами исследована достаточно широко. Однако до сих пор малоизученными остаются проблемы понимания и интерпретации врачами-клиницистами результатов генетической диагностики. Основная часть данной статьи содержит описание собственного опыта решения вопросов непонимания результатов генетических исследований со стороны врачей-клиницистов, предложенное сотрудницей генетической лаборатории А. Г. Шестак. В начальных разделах статьи философом науки С. Ю. Шевченко представлены варианты теоретического разворачивания изложенных проблем. В статье последовательно представлены: 1) контекст институций и практик, в котором разворачиваются проблемы понимания; 2) авторская типология этих проблем. В последнем разделе намечены пути решения этих вопросов.</p>
On the change in the conduction velocity in the nerve during the development of parabiosis
Authors: Polumordvinov Dmitriy V. 
Published: November 2021

General nervous physiology still takes into account a kind of doctrine of the separation of the basic properties of nerves, according to which one of the properties can be changed without changing the other, such as, for example. destroy conduction while maintaining excitability.
In the development of this doctrine, a very significant role belongs to the small and simple experiment of Grungayen, who studied the stepwise effect of carbon dioxide on the excised frog nerve. Exposing a part of the nerve to the influence of carbon dioxide, Grungagen found that excitability in the anesthetized area dropped markedly, while, upon stimulation of the central end, contractions continued to be obtained at the same current strength.
GORICA MAJSTOROVIC. Global South Modernities: Modernist Literature and the Avant-Garde in Latin America. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2021. 154 pp.
Authors: G. Ramos Juan 
Published: November 2021

Reseña de Global South Modernities: Modernist Literature and the Avant-Garde in Latin America de Gorica Majstorovic.
JENNIFER SMITH, ED. Modern Spanish Women as Agents of Change: Essays in Honor of Maryellen Bieder. Lewisburg: Bucknell UP, 2019. 236 pp.
Authors: Escobar Trujillo María Adelaida 
Published: November 2021

Reseña de Modern Spanish Women as Agents of Change: Essays in Honor of Maryellen Bieder de Jennifer Smith.
Comparison of vacuum assisted closure therapy with conventional dressing in the management of necrotizing fasciitis wound
Authors: Kumar Birbal , Mohil R. S. , Mohan Sajith K. , Bhardwaj Navnik Singh , Pasricha Arush , Singh Kashinath , Garg Raghav , Namdeo Ratnakar 
Published: November 2021

Background: The purpose of our study was to compare the effect of vacuum assisted closure (VAC) therapy and conventional dressings in patients with open wounds due to necrotizing fasciitis (NF) on the basis of healing rate, infection control, frequency of dressing and pain score.Methods: The study evaluated 50 patients admitted with NF requiring surgery over a period of 18 months. The patients were randomized to two groups. In group A patients, the wounds were managed with conventional dressings and in group B patients, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was applied. Serial assessment of both groups was done for four weeks. The parameters including size of wound, wound bed, granulation tissue formation, color, amount and odor of exudate, edema, frequency of dressing, re-debridement and pain were monitored and analysed.Results: In our study, patients with NF wounds who underwent VAC therapy had earlier granulation tissue formation, resolution of infection and readiness for skin grafting. The frequency of dressing, requirement of re-debridement, resolution of edema, odor, skin maceration, inflammation around wound and pain significantly reduced in group B (VAC) when compared to conventional dressing group.Conclusions: When compared to the conventional dressing on NF wound, application of VAC helped in early appearance of granulation tissue, significant reduction of inflammation, wound odor, exudate, need for re-debridement, frequency of dressing and pain. Thus, VAC dressing can be considered as a better option in the management of NF wounds.
Scalp metastasis of oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a rare case
Authors: Lata Tahmina Jahan , Gahankari Dilip , Arnold Colin 
Published: November 2021

Cutaneous metastases of oesophageal adenocarcinoma are uncommon. Several different sites of metastases including skin and lip has been reported. However, metastases to the scalp is an extremely rare event. We present a unique case of oesophageal adenocarcinoma metastasis to the scalp. Further, a discussion is offered on the mechanism of route of spread from the oesophagus to the scalp.
Concept of Vidradhi WSR to abscess: an ayurvedic review
Authors: Gujjarwar Shriniwas , Arya Poonam 
Published: November 2021

Ayurveda, a characteristic arrangement of medication, started in India over 3,000 years prior. The term Ayurveda is taken from the Sanskrit words ayur (life) and veda (science or information). In this manner, Ayurveda means information on life. In the wake of Collecting the information from various samhitas, ayurvedic texts and current books. Acharya sushruta- the father of Indian surgery has logically characterized in a foundational way an abundance of clinical material and the standards of the board for vidradhi, which are legitimate even today. "Sheegra vidhahivat'' meaning of vidradhi itself recommends the destructiveness of the disease. Vidradhi word is advanced from vidra, i.e, a painfull condition like pricking, stabbing or cutting sensation in the skin. The infection Vidradhi (abscess) is a typical infirmity disturbing mankind and debilitate the victim for his standard work. It presents as a limited expanding with torment, red discoloration,local rise of temperature, delicacy and confined capacity of impacted part. it is normal in India with second most noteworthy frequency because of helpless disinfection, stuffing and deficient sustenance. Around the world, roughly 40-50 million individuals are contaminated every year with amoebic abscesses. The current exploration article is intended for relative investigation of Vidradhi and Abscess as far as Samprapti (Pathophysiology), Lakshanas (Clinical elements) and Chikitsa (Treatment) affirms that Vidradhi and Abscess can be comparable disease entities.
Financial efficiency of the municipal waste management system on the example of selected cities in Poland
Authors: Stachowicz Monika 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of the study: The municipal waste management system covers all activities related to waste, and its organization is a mandatory task of the local government. The system is financed by income from fees paid by property owners in the commune and should be balanced. The aim of the paper is to assess the functioning of waste management systems in selected cities in Poland, in terms of their self-financing.
Methodology: The comparative analysis covered the revenues and expenses related to municipal waste management systems as well as the fee rates in 2020. In some cases, the change of the phenomenon over time was analyzed.
Main findings: In seven out of ten analyzed cities, the system was deficient, while the other ones generated a surplus, which could result from an increase in the fee rates. Compared to other cities, high rates do not cause a surplus of the system, an example of which is Łódź. The presented data, concerning the last two or three years, are insufficient to explain clearly what is behind the shortages of municipal waste management systems.
Application of the study: The content of the paper may be useful for local government practitioners and other people dealing with the effectiveness of municipal finance.
Originality/Novelty of the study: The municipal waste management system in communes, described in the paper, is used in Poland since 2013 and is still being modificated. There are no studies on its effectiveness and efficiency. The presented data may inspire to a deeper analysis, which should be subjected to the financial efficiency of municipal waste management systems in the time perspective.
Enterprise capital - Definition, theory and determinants of the structure
Authors: Walczak Marcin 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of the study: The main goal of the article is to define the company's capital, the concept of which in the literature is insignificant and broad. The subject of the research is also the characteristics of the capital structure and the factors that determine it.
Methodology: The main research method was a critical review of the literature in the field of shaping the capital structure of enterprises, also in the perspective of the evolution of the theory of the optimal capital structure and the factors determining it.
Main findings: The most common definition of capital describes this concept as a source of financing for the activities of an enterprise, and therefore equates it with the balance sheet concept of liabilities. The sources of origin of funds financing business activities forces the managers to search for their optimal structure ensuring the proper relationship between the planned profit and the acceptable level of risk. The literature presents many theories of capital structure and factors shaping it. When shaping the share of equity and borrowed capital in the total of liabilities, one should take into account the business sector of the enterprise, its environment and the risk appetite of the managers.
Application of the study: The presented attempt to define the company's capital is in line with the considerations on this subject so far and aims to standardize this concept in the literature. The cross-section of the theory of capital structure allows for a historical approach to this issue and confirmation of the multidimensionality of the presented issues. The presented factors shaping the capital structure of enterprises specify the areas on which managers should focus when looking for an optimal relationship of equity and foreign capital.
Originality/Novelty of the study: The issue of defining capital and its optimal structure is not new in the literature. However, it requires permanent analysis, which is conditioned by the volatility of macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions. Difficulties in a universal approach to this subject also force detailed research in specific industries and economic conditions.
The role and importance of the European Union and the WHO (World Health Organization) in ensuring social safety during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Molendowska Magdalena 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of the study: The object of the analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures taken by international organizations in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and thus to assess the effectiveness in ensuring public security. Two very important organizations were chosen for the analysis – the European Union, whose competences resulting from treaty provisions do not directly concern health, and in contrast – the World Health Organization (WHO), which was established to promote, ensure, and protect health.
Methodology: The paper was prepared based on critical analysis of literature and the uncontrolled observation method.
Main findings: The methods, forms of action and measures adopted to combat the pandemic, both by the EU and the WHO, cannot be described as fully effective. This was due to many reasons, different for both organizations, including lack of experience, adequate preparation, response time, information flow, access to vaccines, etc. Nevertheless, both organizations played a very important role. The EU has played and continues to play an integrating role, providing a sense of solidarity in the fight against the pandemic. The WHO, in turn, acts as an authority in the medical field, its guidelines and recommendations are credible to most of the international community.
Application of the study: The presented article refers to the issue of security in a crisis situation, which is the COVID-19 pandemic. It implies reflections in such scientific fields as, among others security, healty and psychology. In addition, the study may be relevant to the discussion on strengthening the competences of the EU and WHO.
Original/Novelty of the study: The subject matter addressed is very timely, in fact we are all caught up in the problem identified. The fight against the pandemic is still on and the current assessment is probably only a fraction of the research that can be fully presented once the pandemic is over. Therefore, the article may serve as an inspiration to continue deliberations about this topic. Perhaps only the invention of an effective drug, rather than a vaccine for COVID-19, can be declared a battle won.
МИНЕРАЛОГО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОЧВЕННОГО ПОКРОВА ЗОЛОТОРУДНОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ ВЬЮН (РЕСПУБЛИКА САХА (ЯКУТИЯ))
Authors: Мишанькин Андрей Юрьевич , Язиков Егор Григорьевич , Филимоненко Екатерина Анатольевна , Собянин Юрий Петрович 
Published: November 2021

Ссылка для цитирования: Минералого-геохимические особенности почвенного покрова золоторудного месторождения Вьюн (Республика Саха (Якутия)) / А.Ю. Мишанькин, Е.Г. Язиков, Е.А. Филимоненко, Ю.П. Собянин // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2021. – Т. 332. – № 11. – С. 98-109
Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью получения данных о фоновом состоянии почв территории золоторудного объекта, а также целесообразностью поиска взаимосвязей между минеральными и геохимическими особенностями почвенного покрова месторождения. Цель: выявление минералого-геохимических особенностей почвенного покрова территории золоторудного месторождения Вьюн на доэксплуатационной стадии его освоения.Объект: почвы территории золоторудного месторождения Вьюн. Фактические материалы и методы исследования. Фактический материал получен сотрудниками кафедры геоэкологии и геохимии Национального исследовательского Томского политехнического университета в 2017 г. в ходе выполнения научно-исследовательских работ. В данной статье обсуждаются результаты исследований территории золоторудного месторождения Вьюн по данным изучения 19 проб почв. Работы проводились по стандартным методикам в соответствии с нормативными документами. Элементный состав почв устанавливался методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой на содержание 55 химических элементов в аккредитованном химико-аналитическом центре «Плазма» (г. Томск). Минеральный состав почв определялся с помощью методов оптической микроскопии, рентгеновской дифрактометрии и сканирующей электронной микроскопии на базе Международного научно-образовательного центра «Урановая геология». Результаты обрабатывались с помощью современного программного обеспечения (Microsoft Excel, Statistica, Corel Draw и т. д.). Результаты. Выявлены минералого-геохимические особенности почв территории золоторудного месторождения Вьюн. Установлена взаимосвязь между минеральным составом рудной зоны и геохимической спецификой почв. Получены данные по повышенным содержаниям золота и элементов-спутников малосульфидного золотокварцевого оруденения, а именно мышьяка, серебра, сурьмы, определены их контрастные ореолы рассеяния, что может использоваться в практике дальнейших поисковых работ.