bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LDH-A Knockdown: Changes in The LDH Isoenzyme Profile and Variability in Glioma Response
Authors: Shindo Masahiro , Maeda Masatomo , Myat Ko , Mane Mayuresh , Cohen Ivan J. , Vemuri Kiranmayi , Albeg Avi S. , Serganova Inna , Blasberg Ronald G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Lactate metabolism in tumors is now recognized as a major energy source and a major gluconeogenic precursor for many tumors, as well as shown to exhibit signaling properties. There is less information on the role of the LDH/lactate axis in brain tumors, although lactate formation in gliomas is associated with poor survival. Methods: Three murine glioma cell lines (GL261, CT2A, and ALTS1C1) were transduced to knockdown (KD) expression of the murine LDH-A gene. The effects of the LDH-A KD were compared to those in control (NC) cells and tumors. Results: Differences in the expression of LDH-A and LDH-B mRNA, protein, and enzymatic activity were observed in the six cell lines. LDH zymography showed a major difference in LDH subunit distribution between GL261 LDH-A KD and NC tumors, whereas little or no effect of LDH-A KD was observed in CT2A and ALTS1C1 tumors. Tumors LDH-A and LDH-B immunohistochemistry and a Weka segmentation analysis were consistent with isoenzyme patterns and the above analyses. An “inverse” LDH-A/LDH-B staining relationship (high vs low) was observed in many local GL261 tumor regions. In contrast, CT2A tumors showed a more “direct” local LDH-A/LDH-B staining relationship. LDH-A KD prolonged the doubling time of GL261 cells in culture and prevented the formation of subcutaneous flank tumors in immune-competent C57BL/6 mice (GL261 NC tumors had a prolonged growth delay). In nude mice, both LDH-A KD and NC GL261 tumors grew more rapidly than GL261 NC tumors in C57BL/6 mice. No differences between NC and KD cell proliferation (in vitro) and tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice (doubling time) were observed for CT2A and ALTS1C1 cells and tumors, consistent with the absence of a difference in their LDH isoenzyme profiles. Conclusions: These results show the combined impact of a genetic alteration (LDH-A depletion) on the LDH isoenzyme profile, expression of LDH-A vs LDH-B and LDH enzymatic activity, and the immune system (C57BL/6 vs nude mice) on the growth of s.c. located tumors.
Dysfunction of EAAT3 Enhances LPS-Induced Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Ma Yulong , Hou Aisheng , Song Yuxiang , Sui Xin , Liu Wengang , Liu Min , Wang Yongan , Cao Jiangbei , Mi Weidong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) function inhibition is related to several neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous studies also found that the EAAT3 function is intimately linked to learning and memory. In this study, we examined the role of EAAT3 in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and explored the potential benefit of riluzole against POCD. Methods: We performed mutation analysis of SLC1A1 (encoding EAAT3) gene exons in patients of different age groups and measured EAAT3 protein expression in hippocampus of mice at different ages. Next, we established a recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV)-mediated shRNA to knockdown EAAT3 expression in the hippocampus of adult male mice. And then the mice received 2μg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intracerebroventricular microinjection to construct the POCD model. In addition, we intraperitoneally injected 4mg/kg of riluzole 2 days before LPS microinjection for consecutive 3 days in elderly male mice. Cognitive function was assessed using a Morris water maze 24h after LPS microinjection. Animal behavioral tests, as well as pathological and biochemical assays, were performed to clarify the role of EAAT3 function in POCD and evaluate the effect of activation of EAAT3 function by riluzole. Results: We found that point mutation of SLC1A1 gene exon in elderly patients was significantly different from children and adult people, and expression of EAAT3 was significantly decreased in old mice. And EAAT3 knockdown in hippocampus aggravated LPS-induced learning and memory deficits in adult male mice, and LPS significantly inhibited hippocampal EAAT3 membrane protein expression and GluA1 protein phosphorylation level in adult male mice. Moreover, riluzole pretreatment significantly increased hippocampal EAAT3 membrane protein expression and ameliorated LPS-induced cognitive impairment in old male mice. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the dysfunction of EAAT3 is an important risk factor for POCD susceptibility and riluzole may be a promising strategy for prevention and treating of POCD in the elderly people.
Association of Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Wu Xunan , Sha Yujing , Li Yanyan , Chen Ke , Qiu Yue , Zhang Panpan , Wei Weiping , Yang Ling , Wang Dong , Zhao Li , Yuan Guoyue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), a reliable indicator of visceral adiposity, was associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Chinese population. However, little is known regarding association between CVAI and presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in T2DM patients. Here, we investigated whether CVAI could identify NAFLD among T2DM patients.Methods A total of 504 T2DM patients were recruited in this cross-sectional survey. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Binary logistic regression was used to assess association between CVAI and occurrence of NAFLD in T2DM patients. The predictive power of CVAI for NAFLD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method. ResultsCVAI levels were significantly elevated in T2DM patients with NAFLD (102.68±32.34 vs 133.10±28.44, P<0.001). Compared with the lowest CVAI quartile, the highest quartile showed worse metabolic features, including waist circumference, body mass index, liver enzymes and lipid parameters (P<0.01). The incidence of NAFLD among T2DM patients increased significantly across CVAI quartiles (36.5%, 57.9%, 78.6%, 86.5%, respectively, P<0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for multiple factors showed that the odds ratio of having NAFLD was 9.004 (95%CI, 4.441-18.256) in the highest CVAI quartile. ROC analyses showed that the area under the curve of CVAI for diagnosing NAFLD was 0.756 (95% confidence interval: 0.716-0.792), which was better than visceral adiposity index, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio(P<0.05). The cut-off value of CVAI for identifying NAFLD in Chinese T2DM population was 111.975 (sensitivity = 0.761, specificity = 0.627).Conclusions Elevated CVAI levels were independently associated with presence of NAFLD in T2DM patients. CVAI might be a reliable and convenient index for incident NAFLD in T2DM patients.
Does LDL-C or its phenotype actually predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the immediate future? An observational study
Authors: Ibrahim Sufyan , Udupi Anurupa , Rebeiro Cleeta , S Varashree B , Kamath Asha , Shenoy Revathi P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability across the world. Dyslipidemia, and more specifically, elevated LDL-C has been historically attributed to be one of the key modifiable risk factors associated with atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine LDL-C and sdLDL-C, for establishment of their predictive value in the development of CVDs, in order for them to be used as clinical tools to guide the management of CVDs. Material and Methods: One hundred sixty-two (162) serum samples sent for the analysis of lipid profile parameters were studied, which were classified into tests and controls based on the values of calculated LDL-C obtained by Friedewald formula. These samples were then anonymized, and direct LDL-C was estimated using assay kits automatically. Then, sdLDL-C was calculated for all the samples using the arithmetic formula. After a period of six months, the samples were then deanonymized, and the various laboratory lipid profile parameters were correlated with the clinical outcomes in the form of cardiovascular events in the patients, to find out which parameter showed the best correlation.Results: It was observed from the present study that, neither calculated LDL-C (p=0.468) nor direct LDL-C (p=0.615) could be used singly as potential marker for the occurrence of a cardiovascular event in the immediate future. The calculated sdLDL-C also failed to demonstrate any such significance (0.642). Instead, the % sdLDL-C, both with respect to calculated and direct LDL-C, proved to be of higher predictive value. Conclusions:It can be concluded that LDL-C levels alone or the levels of its individual phenotypes cannot be singly used as surrogate markers suggestive of occurrence of any CVDs in the immediate future.
Impact of Uric Acid on the Relationship between Waist Circumference and Insulin Resistance: Results from CHARLS
Authors: Zheng Jia , Jiang Min , Xie Yanxia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWaist circumference (WC) and uric acid (UA) are significantly related. Still, their temporal sequence and how the sequence works on future risk of insulin resistance (IR) are unknown, especially in the Chinese population. MethodsCross-lagged panel model was used to analyze the reciprocal, longitudinal relationships between a set of inter-related variables. The mediation model was constructed to test the impact of the relationship between WC and UA on IR.ResultsA total of 5,727 subjects in our study population were enrolled, of which 53.5% were women, and the mean age was 59.0 (SD, 8.62) years. After adjusting for traditional confounding factors, we found that a higher level of baseline WC was significantly associated with a higher level of follow-up UA (β = 0.003, P = 0.031) and follow-up triglycerides glucose index (TyG) (β = 0.003, P < 0.001);. Simultaneously, there was no statistical association between the level of baseline UA and the level of follow-up WC (β = -0.009, P = 0.951). Besides, the cross-lagged panel model showed that the baseline WC had influenced the level of follow-up UA. The mediation effects of UA on WC-IR were estimated to be 18.1% in general adults, and 36.2% in women.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated that the higher WC levels probably preceded UA in general population, and UA mediated the relationship of WC to TyG, especially among females. However, the mediation effect was different between men and women, and the possible mechanism would require further clarification.
Implementing specialized vestibular physiotherapy in an emergency department: A process evaluation
Authors: Ip Kelvin , Lloyd Melanie , Luscombe Allison , Hitch Danielle 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:Dizziness and vertigo-like symptoms, often caused by common peripheral vestibular disorders such as Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV), may have a significant detrimental impact on function and quality of life. The impact of these symptoms often result in Emergency Department (ED) presentations. Evidence based clinical practice guidelines strongly recommend the use of physical assessment and treatment maneuvers for the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of these symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the process of implementing specialized vestibular physiotherapy in an emergency department, from the clinician perspective. Methods:This implementation study utilized a retrospective mixed methods process evaluation to understand how specialized vestibular physiotherapy operated in an Australian emergency department. The PARiHS Framework was embedded within the methodology and analytical approach of the study, to ensure a comprehensive approach which was closely aligned to implementation science. Nine clinicians retrospectively completed the Organizational Readiness for Change Assessment (ORCA), Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM). Seven clinicians also participate in a focus group or interview. Results: A range of barriers and facilitators to the implementation process were identified by participants, some of which spanned multiple domains of the PARiHS framework. Relationships with service leaders, champions and medical staff were found to be a key facilitator to implementation, along with a generally held perception that specialized vestibular physiotherapy was acceptable and feasible. The main barrier identified was a lack of capacity to deliver and support this innovation, both within the physiotherapy workforce and the broader multidisciplinary team. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the process of implementation of a specialized vestibular physiotherapy team in an ED setting was generally well received by clinicians, but also involved some challenges and barriers. Services looking to implement specialized vestibular physiotherapy in the ED may refer to the recommendations arising from the findings of this study to guide their approach to innovation.
Application of Modified Closed Biopsy in Rabbit Model of VX2 Transplanted Bone Tumor
Authors: Lei-peng BAI , xing Lv Jia , wei Kong Ling , ying Cao Hai , Yu Jin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aim To explore the application value of modified closed biopsy technique in puncture biopsy of rabbit VX2 transplanted bone tumor model.Methods VX2 tumor was transplanted into the bilateral tibia of 30 rabbits through the tibial plateau to make the model of VX2 transplanted bone tumor. Seven days after modeling, the proximal tibia biopsy was performed under the guidance of X-ray, and the biopsy specimen was examined pathologically. The left leg was biopsied with modified closed biopsy technique (experimental group) and the right leg was biopsied with hollow needle (control group). After 14 days of modeling, all rabbits were killed after X-ray examination around the puncture hole, and the soft tissue around the puncture hole was taken for pathological examination, and the expression levels of PCNA and CD34 in the tissue extract were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results By the end of the experiment, a total of 3 rabbits died, and finally 27 rabbits were included in the study. Tumor cells were detected in all the intramedullary specimens obtained by puncture biopsy. On the 14th day after modeling, X-ray showed that the occurrence rate of periosteal reaction and extraosseous high density shadow around the puncture hole was 14.81% (4/27) in the experimental group and 40.74% (11/27) in the control group. the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The pathological results of soft tissue around the puncture hole showed that the tumor cell metastasis rate was 29.63% (8/27) in the experimental group and 100% (27/27) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The expression levels of PCNA and CD34 in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Both the modified closed biopsy technique and needle aspiration biopsy can provide sufficient biopsy tissue for the diagnosis of VX2 transplanted bone tumor in rabbits. At the same time, the improved closed biopsy technique has a certain application value in preventing local metastasis of tumor cells along the puncture channel.
Postoperative Survival of Breast Cancer Patients Aged 85 Years or Older: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Enomoto Katsuhisa , Fukumoto Satsuki , Hara Kaori , Mori Satoshi , Hara Yukiko , Tada Keiichiro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Data on the postoperative outcomes of extremely elderly patients with breast cancer are lacking. Methods: We evaluated a series of 46 breast cancer patients aged 85 years or older (mean age: 87.4 years) who underwent surgical treatment, accumulated over the past 10 years. Results: The most common comorbidity was hypertension. Sixteen patients (34.8%) did not receive axillary treatment. The mean hospital stay was 12.8 days, and no in-hospital deaths were recorded. The 5-year overall survival rate was 78.2% (95% confidence interval: 63.5–96.3) over a median follow-up of 41 months.Conclusions: Surgical treatment of breast cancer patients aged 85 years or older is warranted.
Changes in Self-Efficacy in Japanese School-Age Children With and Without High Autistic Traits after the Universal Unified Prevention Program: A Single-Group Pilot Study
Authors: Oka Takuya , Ishikawa Shin-ichi , Shioiri Toshiki , Maruo Kazushi , Stickley Andrew , Saito Aya , Watanabe Norio , Sasamori Hiroki , Kamio Yoko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Research has shown the efficacy of school-based programs for mental health problems in children. However, few studies have focused on the strengths of children, such as resilience, which is essential in preventing mental health problems. Moreover, no research has investigated the effect of a universal school-based program on children with increased autistic traits in mainstream classes. We examined the changes in children's self-efficacy, social skills, and general mental health after the implementation of a newly developed universal program, the Universal Unified Prevention Program for Diverse Disorders (Up2‐D2), and whether similar changes occurred in children with and without higher autistic traits. Methods: To assess possible changes associated with the program, questionnaires were collected from 396 children (207 boys and 189 girls) aged 9-12 years old before (T1), immediately after (T2), and three months after (T3) the implementation of the program. Results: Results from a linear mixed-effects model showed a significant increase in children's self-efficacy at T2 (adjusted difference 0.49, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.94; p < 0.05) and T3 (0.78, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.23; p < 0.001). There were also significant positive changes in social skills and general mental health. Similar changes were observed in children with high autistic traits. Autistic traits at T1 did not contribute to the degree of change in self-efficacy. Conclusions: Our pilot study suggests that a universal program has the potential to promote positive attitudes and mental health in both at-risk and not-at-risk children.
Exosomes Secreted by Epidural Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promote Malignancy and EMT in B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma by Increasing S100A4 Expression
Authors: Wang Yan , Guo Zhu , Zhang Guoqing , Shang Baoxin , Wu Xiaolin , Qiu Chensheng , Xiang Hongfei , Chen Bohua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Our previous study revealed that epidural adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) respond to lung cancer cells and are involved in forming premetastatic niches. The biological functions of epidural ADSCs in lymphoma are still unclear. In this study, we first confirmed the B cell lymphoma-promoting effects of epidural ADSC exosomes and then compared differentially expressed genes in lymphoma cells before and after exosome treatment. In ADSC exosome-treated lymphoma cells, S100A4 expression was much higher than that in cells cultured alone. S100A4 levels had a direct relationship with EMT in cells and were also associated with the survival of lymphoma patients. Then, we tested the roles of ADSC exosomes and S100A4 in the lymphoma-promoting impacts of ADSCs. Our results showed that ADSC exosomes could foster the proliferation, EMT and invasion of lymphoma cells, as could the increase in S100A4 expression. S100A4 inhibition in two lymphoma cell lines suppressed the lymphoma cell proliferation’s ADSC exosome-mediated promotion, invasion and EMT in vitro. Moreover, S100A4 inhibition attenuated metastasis and tumour growth, and ADSC exosomes promoted tumour progression, as demonstrated in a nude mouse model of lymphoma. On the basis of these data, ADSC exosomes foster B cell lymphoma progression by increasing S100A4 expression in lymphoma cells.
Geotechnical Investigation for the Groundwater Damage Analysis of the Shahe Ancient Bridge Site in Xi’an, China
Authors: Cao Jing , Mai Bingjie , Chen Hua , Li Yuhu , Wang Juanli 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In terms of cultural ruins, the earthen ruins and its subsurface environment were acted either as a carrier or supports above ground cultural heritage, the groundwater was found to be the greatest factor that affected and accelerated destruction of the ruins without any doubt. This paper presents an approach that achieved geochemical data and hydrological processes occurring of the ruins and surrounding area by the data analysis of geotechnical investigation, it is found that the fluctuations in groundwater level affected the movement of water and salt, thereby influenced and accelerate the deterioration, and also caused microbes, creatures, and plants to erode the ruins. The stratigraphy revealed good correlation with the status of the ruins, the scientific analysis of the samples, the damage mechanism. These monitoring data will be used to discuss and predict the effects of various types of damage factors on long term preservation and proposed feasible for longer countermeasures in preservation studies. This paper takes the Xianyang Shahe Ancient Bridge site as the research object, to be precise, it takes the wooden structure site as the research object, through the methods of geotechnical survey and site sample analysis, the relationship between the environment of the site and the cause of disease is explored.
Postpartum Septic Symphysitis, a Rare Condition With Possible Long-Term Consequences: A Cohort Study With Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Elden Helen , Olsen Monika Fagevik , Hussein Nasrin Farah , Axelsson Lisa Wibeck , Sengpiel Verena , Ullman Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPostpartum septic symphysitis (PPSS) is defined as acute onset of severe pain around the symphysis, restricted movement, fever and elevated inflammatory parameters. It is a rare but serious condition requiring urgent diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and long-term follow-up of PPSS.MethodsThis was a follow-up study including 19 women diagnosed with PPSS from 1989 to 2017 at one tertiary care hospital in Sweden. Clinical data were retrieved from hospital records and compared to those retrieved from a regional registry. Women completed a postal questionnaire, and those who reported lumbo-pelvic pain (LPP) were offered a clinical examination.Results1) PPSS was diagnosed after a normal postpartum period of 24 to 50 hours by blood tests (n=19); MRI, (n=13/19); ultrasonography (n=8 /19) or CT (n=3/19). Treatment included aspiration of symphyseal abscesses, i.v. antibiotics and physiotherapy. Women with PPSS more frequently were primiparous (n=14/19, p=0.001), had an instrumental delivery (n=14/19, p=0.003), had a longer time of active labour (p=0.01) and second stage of labour (p=0.001) than women in the regional registry. 2) Ten out of nineteen (52%) women reported LPP at follow-up. These women more often suffered impaired function related to LPP (Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire, 27 versus 0, p<0.0001), a poorer health-related quality of life (EuroQol-5 dimensions p=0.001 and EuroQol-visual analogue scale, 65 mm versus 84 mm, p=0.022) and higher levels of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS)-A, 7 versus 2, p=0.010; and HADS-D, 1 versus 0, p=0.028) than women with no pain. 3). Of the eight women who received a clinical assessment, one had lumbar pain and seven had PGP.ConclusionsIn the largest cohort of patients with PPSS to date, primiparas and women with instrumental vaginal delivery were overrepresented, indicating that first and complicated deliveries might be risk factors. Approximately half of the women reported PGP, with considerable consequences affecting health-related quality of life and function decades after delivery. Prospective multicentre studies are needed to establish risk factors for, long-term consequences of and adequate treatment for this rare pregnancy complication.