bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of farmers’ intention to adopt integrated pest management: a case study of vegetable farmers in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Fawad Z. A. , Manzoor Syed Amir , Gul Hafiza Tahira , Ali Mudssar , Bashir Muhammad Amjad , Akmal Muhammad , Haseeb Muhammad , Imran Muhammad Usama , Taqi Muhammad , Manzoor Syed Asad , Lukac Martin , Joseph Shimat V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntegrated pest management adoption is quite low around the globe, particularly in developing countries, due to different factors. Here, we examine the factors affecting the intention of Pakistani farmers to adopt integrated pest management practices in vegetable production using a structured questionnaire. We interviewed 301 vegetable growers in Multan, Pakistan. The reliability and validity of the data, along with the underlying relationship between the observed variables, were identified through exploratory factor analysis. The majority of the farmers (79.4%) relied on pesticides for pest control. More than four out of 10 of the respondents (43.8%) reported that okra received the highest application of pesticides followed by potato (24.5%) and cauliflower (17.9%). Integrated pest management was currently non‐existent among the vegetable growers of the study area. The latent factors—“knowledge of the adverse effects of pesticide,” “belief in the efficacy of non‐chemical pest control measures,” “perceived barriers to the adoption of integrated pest management,” “progressive farming approach,” and “intention to adopt integrated pest management”—were subsequently confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. The structural equation model suggested that the intention to adopt integrated pest management is significantly affected by farmers’ knowledge of the adverse effects of pesticides (β = 0.274, z‐value = 3.082, P = 0.002). An increase in farmers’ awareness of the harmful effects of pesticides could lead to integrated pest management adoption for pest control. The scale for intention to adopt integrated pest management developed in this study can be used in future studies and provide valuable insights to the policymakers for devising integrated pest management adoption campaigns in the study area.
Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in patients after TAVR: clinical and echocardiographic findings and long term survival
Authors: Shimoni Sara , Zikri Meital , Haberman Dan , Livschitz Shay , Tshori Sagi , Fabricant Yacov , Meledin Valery , Gandelman Gera , Goland Sorel , George Jacob 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis in patients 1–2 years after trans‐catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and to assess their clinical and echocardiographic outcome and long‐term survival.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 88 patients, mean age 81 years, 534 (390–711) days after TAVR. Patients underwent a Tc99m‐PYP scintigraphy for the diagnosis of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis. Eleven (12.5%) participants were diagnosed with ATTR cardiac amyloidosis. Eighty eight per cent of patients without amyloidosis were in New York Heart Association Classes 1–2 after TAVR, compared with 64% patients with ATTR cardiac amyloidosis (P = 0.022). There were no differences in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (P = 0.69) between patients with and without ATTR cardiac amyloidosis at enrolment. The LV mass index and pulmonary artery pressure were significantly higher in patients with ATTR cardiac amyloidosis (P = 0.046 and P = 0.002, respectively). Global longitudinal strain and myocardial work efficiency were significantly lower in patients with ATTR cardiac amyloidosis (P = 0.031 and P = 0.048, respectively). We assessed changes in echocardiographic data, from the time of TAVR to enrolment, and as expected, there was a significant decrease in aortic valve gradient in both groups. There was a significant reduction in LV mass and LV mass index and improvement in basal segment LV strain in the ATTR cardiac amyloidosis negative group (P = 0.045, P = 0.046 and 0.023, respectively). However, in the ATTR cardiac amyloidosis group the change in LV mass and LV mass index and LV basal strain values was not significant (P = 0.24, P = 0.13 and P = 0.35, respectively). The were no significant changes in other echocardiographic parameters in both groups. The patients were followed for 1150 (1086–1221) days after enrolment. Twenty seven patients had at least one cardiac hospitalization during of follow up, of them seven were with ATTR cardiac amyloidosis and 20 patients without amyloidosis (P = 0.017). Eighteen patients (20%) died during follow up; 12 (14%) patients died due to cardiac causes. There was no difference in all‐cause and cardiac mortality between patients with and without ATTR cardiac amyloidosis (P = 0.6 and P = 0.53, respectively).ConclusionsThe long‐term survival after TAVR is not significantly affected by the presence of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis. However, the clinical course of these patients and the LV hemodynamic improvement is less favourable. This hypothesis‐generating study suggests screening for ATTR cardiac amyloidosis in patients who underwent TAVR and have limited clinical or echocardiographic improvement, because they may potentially improve with new therapies for ATTR cardiac amyolidosis.
Photobioreactors for cultivation and synthesis: Specifications, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Chanquia Santiago N. , Vernet Guillem , Kara Selin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to their versatility and the high biomass yield produced, cultivation of phototrophic organisms is an increasingly important field. In general, open ponds are chosen to do it because of economic reasons; however, this strategy has several drawbacks such as poor control of culture conditions and a considerable risk of contamination. On the other hand, photobioreactors are an attractive choice to perform cultivation of phototrophic organisms, many times in a large scale and an efficient way. Furthermore, photobioreactors are being increasingly used in bioprocesses to obtain valuable chemical products. In this review, we briefly describe different photobioreactor set‐ups, including some of the recent designs, and their characteristics. Additionally, we discuss the current challenges and advantages that each different type of photobioreactor presents, their applicability in biocatalysis and some modern modeling tools that can be applied to further enhance a certain process.
Impacts of De‐NOx system layouts of a diesel passenger car on exhaust emission factors and monetary penalty
Authors: Gao Jianbing , Chen Haibo , Liu Ye , Li Ying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutomobile emissions are significantly dependent on the after‐treatment system performance, which is partly determined by exhaust temperature. Regarding diesel passenger cars, after‐treatment systems generally include diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), diesel particulate filter (DPF), and selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The layouts affect their temperature variations because of the heat loss and thermal capacity of tailpipes and after‐treatment systems. As for the original layout of DOC+DPF+SCR, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are the main concerns of diesel vehicle emissions, especially under cold‐start conditions. Ammonia Creation and Conversion Technology (ACCT) system shows excellent performance of reducing cold‐start NOx emissions; additionally, the damage costs of individual exhaust emissions are different greatly, which may change the priority of emission reductions when considering monetary penalty. In this article, the impacts of the after‐treatment system layouts on the exhaust emission reductions were investigated based on a diesel passenger car; additionally, SCR and ACCT systems as the De‐NOx devices were adopted individually in corresponding scenarios; the after‐treatment system layouts were assessed from the viewpoints of both emission factors and monetary penalty. The results indicated that the ACCT system presented much better NOx reduction effectiveness than SCR system over different layouts. NOx reduction efficiency was very sensitive to vehicle operation conditions over the upstream layouts of NOx reduction devices. The layout‐1 of DOC+ACCT+DPF showed the lowest global emission factors from the diesel passenger car. DPF was much easier to achieve regeneration under the original layout conditions due to its shortest distance to the engine. The layout‐2 of ACCT+DOC+DPF had the minimum monetary penalty factor of exhaust emissions from this diesel passenger car.
Dapiglutide, a novel dual GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 receptor agonist, attenuates intestinal insufficiency in a murine model of short bowel
Authors: Reiner Johannes , Berlin Peggy , Held Jascha , Thiery Johanna , Skarbaliene Jolanta , Griffin Jonathan , Russell Wayne , Eriksson Per‐Olof , Berner‐Hansen Mark , Ehlers Luise , Vollmar Brigitte , Jaster Robert , Witte Maria , Lamprecht Georg 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundExtensive intestinal resection may lead to short bowel (SB) syndrome, resulting in intestinal insufficiency or intestinal failure (IF). Intestinal insufficiency and IF involve deficiency of the proglucagon‐derived hormones glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and GLP‐2. Two major problems of SB are epithelial surface loss and accelerated transit. Standard treatment now targets intestinal adaptation with a GLP‐2 analogue to enlarge absorptive surface area. It is possible that additional benefit can be gained from a combination of GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 activity, with the aim to enlarge intestinal surface area and slow intestinal transit.MethodsThe GLP‐1– and GLP‐2–specific effects of the novel dual GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) and GLP‐2 receptor (GLP‐2R) agonist dapiglutide (rINN) were characterized in rodents. Furthermore, in a murine SB model of intestinal insufficiency with 40% ileocecal resection, the influence of dapiglutide on intestinal growth, body weight, food intake, volume status, and stool water content was tested against vehicle and sham‐operated male mice.ResultsDapiglutide significantly improves oral glucose tolerance, reduces intestinal transit time, and promotes intestinal growth. In the SB mouse model, dapiglutide promotes body weight recovery, despite unchanged intake of liquid diet. Dapiglutide promotes significant intestinal growth, as indicated by significantly increased villus height as well as intestinal length. Furthermore, dapiglutide reduces stool water losses, resulting in reduced plasma aldosterone.ConclusionDapiglutide possesses specific and potent GLP‐1R and GLP‐2R agonist effects in rodents. In the murine SB model, combined unimolecular GLP‐1R and GLP‐2R stimulation with dapiglutide potently attenuates intestinal insufficiency and potentially also IF.
Multi‐contrast four‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MC‐4D‐MRI): Development and initial evaluation in liver tumor patients
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yin Fang‐Fang , Li Tian , Teng Xinzhi , Xiao Haonan , Harris Wendy , Ren Lei , Kong Feng‐Ming Spring , Ge Hong , Mao Ronghu , Cai Jing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo develop a novel multi‐contrast four‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MC‐4D‐MRI) technique that expands single image contrast 4D‐MRI to a spectrum of native and synthetic image contrasts and to evaluate its feasibility in liver tumor patients.Methods and materialsThe MC‐4D‐MRI technique integrates multi‐parametric MRI fusion, 4D‐MRI, and deformable image registration (DIR) techniques. The fusion technique consists of native MRI as input, image pre‐processing, fusion algorithm, adaptation, and fused multi‐contrast MRI as output. Four‐dimensional deformation vector fields (4D‐DVF) were generated from an original T2/T1‐w 4D‐MRI by deforming end‐of‐inhalation (EOI) to nine other phase volumes via DIR. The 4D‐DVF were applied to multi‐contrast MRI to generate a spectrum of 4D‐MRI in different image contrasts. The MC‐4D‐MRI technique was evaluated in five liver tumor patients on tumor contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), internal target volume (ITV) contouring consistency, diaphragm motion range, and tumor motion trajectory; and in digital anthropomorphic phantoms on 4D‐DIR introduced errors in tumor motion range, centroid location, extent, and volume.ResultsMC‐4D‐MRI consisting of 4D‐MRIs in native image contrasts (T1‐w, T2‐w, and T2/T1‐w) and synthetic image contrasts, such as tumor‐enhanced contrast (TEC) were generated in five liver tumor patients. Patient tumor CNR increased from 2.6 ± 1.8 in the T2/T1‐w MRI, to ‐4.4 ± 2.4, 6.6 ± 3.0, and 9.6 ± 3.9 in the T1‐w, T2‐w, and TEC MRI, respectively. Patient ITV inter‐observer mean Dice similarity coefficient (mDSC) increased from 0.65 ± 0.10 in the original T2/T1‐w 4D‐MRI, to 0.76 ± 0.14, 0.77 ± 0.12, and 0.86 ± 0.05 in the T1‐w, T2‐w, and TEC 4D‐MRI, respectively. Patient diaphragm motion range absolute differences between the three new 4D‐MRIs and original T2/T1‐w 4D‐MRI were 1.2 ± 1.3, 0.3 ± 0.7, and 0.5 ± 0.5 mm, respectively. Patient tumor displacement phase‐averaged absolute differences between the three 4D‐MRIs and the original 4D‐MRI were 0.72 ± 0.33, 0.62 ± 0.54, and 0.74 ± 0.43 mm in the superior‐inferior (SI) direction, and 0.59 ± 0.36, 0.51 ± 0.30, and 0.50 ± 0.24 mm in the anterior‐posterior (AP) direction, respectively. In the digital phantoms, phase‐averaged absolute tumor centroid shift caused by the 4D‐DIR were at or below 0.5 mm in SI, AP, and left‐right (LR) directions.ConclusionWe developed an MC‐4D‐MRI technique capable of expanding single image contrast 4D‐MRI along a new dimension of image contrast. Initial evaluations in liver tumor patients showed enhancements in image contrast variety, tumor contrast, and ITV contouring consistencies using MC‐4D‐MRI. The technique might offer new perspectives on the image contrast of MRI and 4D‐MRI in MR‐guided radiotherapy.
ASPEN lipid injectable emulsion safety recommendations part 2: Neonate and pediatric considerations
Authors: Cober M. Petrea , Gura Kathleen M. , Mirtallo Jay M. , Ayers Phil , Boullata Joseph , Anderson Collin R. , Plogsted Steven ,   ASPEN Parenteral Nutrition Safety Committee
Published: October 2021

AbstractLipid injectable emulsions (ILEs) are complex pharmaceutical formulations intended as a source of energy and fatty acids for parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy. Part 1 of this series addressed issues associated with and safety recommendations pertaining to adult ILE use. Part 2 addresses ILE safety in neonatal and pediatric patients. Considerations for ILE use in the neonatal and pediatric populations differ from those of adults. For example, these patients often require higher doses compared with adult counterparts to support growth, development, and daily metabolic needs. ILE is also frequently administered as a separate infusion as opposed to in a total nutrient admixture owing to compatibility and stability issues and limitations to intravenous access in the neonatal and pediatric populations. ILE is the most frequent PN ingredient associated with PN errors occurring in the administration, prescribing, and transcribing processes. Concerns exist with use of in‐line filters and repackaging of commercial products for infusion. ILE use in neonatal and pediatric patients has been associated with both minor and major adverse effects, which most often occur with doses exceeding manufacturer recommendations. Gaps in ILE best practices for neonatal and pediatric patients predispose to errors in the PN use system. This paper describes safe‐use considerations for ILE products available in the United States in neonatal and pediatric patients, including indications, prescribing, order review, preparation, administration, and monitoring. This paper has been approved by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Board of Directors.
Perceptions of specialty palliative care and its role in pediatric stem cell transplant: A multidisciplinary qualitative study
Authors: Collins Griffin S. , Beaman Hannah , Ho Alvin M. , Hermiston Michelle L. , Cohen Harvey J. , Dzeng Elizabeth W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsultation of specialty palliative care remains uncommon in pediatric stem cell transplant (SCT) despite growing evidence that early integration of palliative care improves outcomes in patients with advanced cancers or undergoing SCT. Little is known about how multidisciplinary pediatric SCT teams perceive palliative care and its role in SCT.ProcedureWe conducted semistructured interviews of members of a multi‐disciplinary SCT team to understand their perceptions of palliative care, how specialty palliative care is integrated into SCT, and to identify barriers to increased integration. Eligible participants included physicians, nurses, inpatient nurse practitioners, social workers, and child life specialists. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour major themes were identified. First, SCT team members held a favorable perception of the palliative care team. Second, participants desired increased palliative care integration in SCT. Third, participants believed that the palliative care team had insufficient resources to care for the large number of SCT patients, which led to the SCT team limiting palliative care consultation. And, finally, the lack of a standardized palliative care consultation process prevented greater integration of palliative care in SCT.ConclusionsSCT team members held a favorable perception of palliative care and saw a role for greater palliative care integration throughout the SCT course. We identified modifiable barriers to greater palliative care integration. SCT teams who desire greater palliative care integration may adapt and implement an existing model of palliative care integration in order to improve standardization and increase integration of specialty palliative care in SCT.
Looking toward the future: Approaching care of the aging CF patient
Authors: Sala Marc A. , Vitale Kaitlyn M. , Prickett Michelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCaring for people with cystic fibrosis has changed considerably since the first description of the disorder and continues to evolve in the era of highly effective modulator therapy. These new treatment advancements are resulting in improved health outcomes in an ever‐growing adult population with improved long‐term survival. This study explores potential comorbidities and mental health implications associated with increased longevity and survivorship. It also considers the need for further evolution in patient‐centered care with an expanded healthcare team in a more virtually connected world.
Yield‐based variables repetitive group plan with a critical‐value‐adjusted mechanism
Authors: Liu Shih‐Wen , Wu Chien‐Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcceptance sampling plans are preferably used when sample testing becomes destructive or costly to make reliable lot determination from a reasonable size of samples. Previous decades have seen various sampling strategies developed for specific purposes and the evolution of sampling methods continue to ensure that lot sentencing becomes more efficient and economic. In this study, we proposed a modified variables repetitive group sampling (VRGS) plan integrated with a critical‐value‐adjusted switching mechanism. Such a design provides an adaptive assessment of the varied submitted quality level. The operating characteristic function is derived from the sampling distribution of process yield index Spk, which possesses a one‐to‐one transformation to process yield. By solving the developed nonlinear minimization model, the plan parameters of the proposed method are satisfied with tolerable sampling risks and desirable quality levels simultaneously. Furthermore, by comparing the average sample number (ASN) reduction and discriminatory power with other approaches, the proposed method outperforms conventional methods. Numerical illustrations are provided to show its practicability in real applications.
Robust containment control of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems with structured uncertainty and external disturbances
Authors: Atrianfar Hajar , Karimi Abolghasem 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article considers the robust containment control problem of heterogeneous linear multi‐agent systems subject to structured uncertainties and external disturbances. By introducing a new neighborhood error of follower agents, the containment control problem can be formulated into output regulation problem. By employing a distributed compensator and robust control approach, sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities are derived to ensure that all followers asymptotically converge to the convex hull spanned by the leaders with the prescribed performance under fixed topology. A numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Promoting sustainable human resource management by reducing recruitment discrimination: A cross‐cultural perspective
Authors: Yu Irina Y. , Yang Morgan X. , Chan Haksin , Barnes Bradley R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEquality is an indispensable component in achieving sustainable human resource management. This research addresses an important yet under‐researched global sustainable development issue—recruitment discrimination against immigrants (RDI). Using survey data on 2504 individual managers from 39 nations, we have found that voluntary association activity can reduce human resource managers' RDI by attenuating their out‐group distrust. Moreover, we offer evidence that this beneficial effect of voluntary association activity is more pronounced in individualist than in collectivist countries. Our research sheds theoretical light on how recruitment bias and discrimination can be reduced, and it also provides practical guidance for global employers to achieve sustainable human resource management.
Renewable energy and advanced logistical infrastructure: Carbon‐free economic development
Authors: Khan Syed Abdul Rehman , Yu Zhang , Umar Muhammad , Zia‐ul‐haq Hafiz Muhammad , Tanveer Muhammad , Janjua Laeeq Razzak 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEconomic development and growth of any country strongly depend on the consumption and production system, which requires a massive amount of energy consumption. Many countries satisfy their energy demands by relying on fossil fuel consumption. Within the production system, manufacturing and logistical operations are heavily depend on fossil fuel‐based energy consumption, causing environmental degradation. Hence, economies worldwide strive to become carbon neutral; the goal is to be carbon‐free, requiring businesses in the respective countries to rely on renewable energy sources. Besides manufacturing, many countries for economic growth also depend on the tourism industry, which also requires the implementation of green policies. In this regard, economic growth, advanced logistics, tourism, and renewable energy are essential variables that need thorough empirical testing to address environmental problems. The current study uses fixed effect and random effect models to empirically test carbon‐free economic growth and international tourism through advanced logistical infrastructure and renewable energy consumption in developed countries. Findings reveal that advanced logistics infrastructure and renewable energy consumption play a crucial role in enhancing economic growth and international tourism.