bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Micellar Aggregate Electrolytes Enable Durable Electrochemical Proton Storage
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Li Zhiwei , Wu Zhiyuan , Meng Fanhao , Xiao Hong , Xu Hai , Zhang Xiaogang , Lin Zhiqun , Dou Hui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProton electrochemistry holds eminent potential for developing high capacity and rate energy storage devices in the post‐lithium era. However, the decomposition of water in acidic aqueous electrolytes causes electrode corrosion, leading to capacity fading. Herein, we report a judicious design of molecular micellar aggregates as non‐aqueous electrolytes for stable and high‐voltage electrochemical proton storage. The key to our strategy lies in introducing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), forming micelles to improve the miscibility of acetonitrile (ACN) and H3PO4, afford channel for proton transport, and electrostatically interact with phosphate ions of H3PO4 to further promote proton transport. Such aggregates impart rapid and stable electrochemical proton storage with a widened operating voltage (1.8 V vs. 1.5 V in aqueous electrolyte). By optimizing CTAB content, proton transport can be enhanced. Asymmetric full proton battery using the optimal CTAB electrolyte achieves a maximum energy density of 102.8 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 10.1 kW kg−1. Our simple yet robust route to micellar aggregate electrolytes enables stable proton storage, underscoring its potential for grid‐scale energy storage, emergency power supplies, and portable electronics.
Ion Hydration Enables Generality in Asymmetric Catalysis: Desymmetrization to P‐Stereogenic Triarylphosphine Derivatives
Authors: Liu Chi , Yang Yang , Hong Wenyang , Ma Jun‐An , Zhu Ye 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAsymmetric synthesis relies on seamless transmission of stereochemical information from a chiral reagent/catalyst to a prochiral substrate. The disruption by substrates’ structural changes presents a hurdle in innovating generality‐oriented asymmetric catalysis. Here, we report a strategy for substrate adaptability by exploiting a fundamental physicochemical phenomenon—ion hydration, in developing remote desymmetrization to access P‐stereogenic triarylphosphine oxides and sulfides. Compared to existing methods, this approach does not require pre‐installed ortho substituents and avoids the use of Grignard/organolithium reagents. Simply tuning the water/ion ratio in the reaction media tailors the water‐mediated ionic substrate–catalyst preorganization to counterbalance the structural changes in the substrates, thus further increasing the diversity of enantioenriched P‐stereogenic compounds. This study shows that it is viable and practical to precisely manipulate ionic interactions through tuning the dynamic ion hydration in situ, thereby adding a distinctive dimension to catalyst engineering in the pursuit of substrate generality in asymmetric catalysis.
Towards Highly Stable Sn2+ Electrolyte for Aqueous Tin Batteries Using Hydroquinone Antioxidant
Authors: Wang Qiong , Zhang Fengyi , Shu Yu , Xiao Hongjie , Zhang Xi , Ma Xiaohui , Liu Jinlong , Wang Yonggang , Huang Jianhang , Xia Yongyao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSn redox chemistry in aqueous acidic electrolyte was characterized with high reversibility and kinetics, which is considered as competitive anode material for aqueous batteries. Unfortunately, divalent Sn2+ is unstable in aqueous electrolyte. It was revealed that Sn2+ is easy to be oxidized to tetravalent Sn4+ by dissolved oxygen and then forms precipitate through hydrolysis process, leading to serious performance decay. Here, hydroquinone (HQ) was employed as antioxidant to prevent Sn2+ oxidation. With addition of HQ, Sn2+ electrolyte can maintain transparent and colorless after long‐time exposure under air atmosphere, while large amounts of sediment were observed in the electrolyte without HQ. Moreover, HQ can adsorb on electrode surface to regulate Sn deposition and suppress Sn dendrite formation. With the difunctional HQ additive, Sn anode shows a stable cycling performance more than 1500 cycles with a high average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.9 %. And the organic||Sn cell shows high cycling stability for 10,000 cycles with 71 % capacity retention. The hydroquinone antioxidant strategy provides a facile and cost‐effective way to develop highly stable Sn2+‐based electrolyte.
Dynamic Co‐Clustering and Self‐Sorting in Interactive Protocell Populations
Authors: Mishra Ananya , Taylor Hannah , Patil Avinash J. , Mann Stephen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe design and implementation of collective actions in model protocell communities is an on‐going challenge in synthetic protobiology. Herein, we covalently graft alginate or chitosan onto the outer surface of semipermeable enzyme‐containing silica colloidosomes to produce hairy catalytic protocells with pH‐switchable membrane surface charge. Binary populations of the enzymatically active protocells exhibit self‐initiated stimulus‐responsive changes in spatial organization such that the mixed community undergoes alternative modes of electrostatically induced self‐sorting and reversible co‐clustering. We demonstrate that co‐clustering, but not self‐sorting, mitigates signal attenuation in a binary community of enzyme‐containing sender and receiver protocells due to increased proximity effects. The level of signal attenuation is correlated with a time‐dependent pH‐mediated switch in the spatial organization of the sender and receiver populations. Our results pave the way towards the development of programmable networks of adaptive life‐like objects and could have implications for the development of interactive cytomimetic materials and agent‐based robotics.
A Lithiophilic Donor–Acceptor Polymer Modified Separator for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Tao , Xu Xijun , Chen Suping , Yang Yan , Li Fangkun , Fan Weizhen , Wu Yanxue , Zhao Jingwei , Liu Jun , Huo Yanping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs traditional lithium‐ion batteries near their theoretical limits, the advancement of lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) becomes crucial for achieving higher energy densities. However, uncontrolled ion transport and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer are key factors inducing lithium dendrite growth, hindering the development of LMBs. Separator modification is an effective strategy to address the challenges of LMBs. To tackle the issues, a donor–acceptor polymer (ArMT) consisting of benzene rings and triazine was successfully synthesized and modified onto commercial polypropylene (ArMT@PP) as separators for LMBs. Benefitting from the highly lithiophilic triazine organic units, this ArMT exhibits affinity towards Li+ and simplifies the solvation structure of Li+ during the diffusion process, thus decreasing the ion diffusion activation energy, thereby accelerating the migration of Li+. Furthermore, triazine organic units with appropriate pore size regulate the plating/stripping behavior of lithium metal anodes, thereby facilitating the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. As a result, the assembled Li|ArMT@PP|Li symmetric cells exhibit stable plating/stripping over 800 h. Moreover, the LiFePO4|ArMT@PP|Li cells achieved excellent cycling stability with 127.3 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles at 1 C and a high capacity retention of 90.58 %. This design strategy ensures a durable and dendrite‐free anode and paves the way for the development of high‐energy‐density LMBs.
In Vivo Self‐Assembly of PROTACs by Bioorthogonal Chemistry for Precision Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xie Shaowen , Zhu Jingjie , Peng Yihan , Zhan Fangyi , Zhan Feiyan , He Chen , Feng Dazhi , Xie Jia , Liu Jingyu , Zhu Huajian , Yao Hong , Xu Jinyi , Su Zhigui , Xu Shengtao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) hold immense promise for targeted protein degradation; however, challenges such as off‐target effects, poor drug‐likeness properties, and the “hook effect” remain. This study introduces Nano‐Click‐formed PROTACs (Nano‐CLIPTACs) for precise tumor protein degradation in vivo. Traditional PROTACs with high molecular weight were first divided into two smaller druglike precursors capable of self‐assembling to form functional PROTACs through a bioorthogonal reaction. Then, optimal CLIPTACs precursors (W4 and Z2) were encapsulated individually into cyclic RGDfC‐peptide‐modified liposomes to prepare Nano‐CLIPTACs, enabling tumor‐targeted delivery and subsequent in situ self‐assembly to form PROTACs WZ42 within tumor cells. The degradation abilities of Nano‐CLIPTACs in vitro and in vivo were further verified using a key oncology target, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), validating the safety, efficacy and “anti‐hook effect” of this strategy. Overall, Nano‐CLIPTACs represent a critical step towards the clinical translation of PROTACs technology for precise targeted anti‐cancer therapies.
Zeolite Encapsulation to Enhance Interfacial Gas Availability for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Cao Bei , Liu Yifeng , Zhao Yue , Qu Jiangshan , Zhou Qin , Xiao Fengshou , Li Can , Wang Liang , Li Rengui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe photocatalytic oxidation of water with gaseous oxygen is environmentally benign for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but it is currently constrained by the inadequate supply of gaseous oxygen at the catalyst surface in a solid–liquid–gas triple‐phase reaction system. Herein, we address this challenge by employing the zeolite encapsulated catalysts that efficiently enrich gaseous oxygen and accelerate the H2O2 synthesis in aqueous conditions. We focus on the classical titania photocatalyst, encapsulating it within siliceous MFI zeolite crystals. This encapsulation results in a significant enhancement in H2O2 synthesis efficiency, achieving a yield that is ten times greater than that with unencapsulated TiO2. Mechanism study reveals that gaseous oxygen is notably concentrated within the microporous structure of the zeolite under aqueous conditions, thereby facilitating its interaction with the titania surface at the liquid‐solid interface. In addition, the H2O2 product could swiftly transfer through the micropores, thereby reducing the side reaction of decomposition. This design provides an alternative pathway to address the poor gas solubility of gaseous reactants in water, and paves the way for advancements in various other photocatalytic processes.
DNA Mimic Foldamer Recognition of a Chromosomal Protein
Authors: Deepak Deepak , Wu Jiaojiao , Corvaglia Valentina , Allmendinger Lars , Scheckenbach Michael , Tinnefeld Philip , Huc Ivan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHelical aromatic oligoamide foldamers bearing anionic side chains that mimic the overall shape and charge surface distribution of DNA were synthesized. Their interactions with chromosomal protein Sac7d, a non‐sequence‐selective DNA‐binder that kinks DNA, were investigated by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), Circular Dichroism spectroscopy (CD), melting curve analysis, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), as well as by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. The foldamers were shown to bind to Sac7d better than a DNA duplex of comparable length. The interaction is diastereoselective and takes place at the DNA binding site. Crystallography revealed that the DNA mimic foldamers have a binding mode of their own and that they can bind to Sac7d without being kinked.
Low‐Dimensional Lead‐Free Metal Halides for Efficient Electrically Driven Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yao Jia‐Yu , Liu He , Chen Zhong‐Ning , Ma Biwu , Xu Liang‐Jin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrically driven light‐emitting diodes (ED LEDs) based on 3D metal halide perovskites have seen remarkable advancements during the past decade. However, the highest‐performing devices are largely based on lead‐containing 3D perovskites, presenting two key challenges – toxicity and stability – that must be addressed for commercialization. Reducing structural dimensionality and incorporating non‐lead metals present promising pathways to address these issues. Although research on ED LEDs based on low‐dimensional, lead‐free metal halides (LD LFMHs) is growing, their performance still significantly lags behind that of 3D lead halide perovskites. This review seeks to deliver a comprehensive overview of ED LEDs based on LD LFMHs, covering a brief history of their development, methods for material synthesis, luminescence mechanisms, and applications in electroluminescent devices. It also examines current challenges and proposes practical strategies to enhance device performance, with the goal of inspiring further progress in the field.
Molecular Customization of Anode‐Electrolyte Interfaces for Enhanced Stability and Reversibility in Aqueous Zinc‐Carbon Capacitors
Authors: Xu Yang , Chen Jingzhu , Li Tao , Ma Hexian , Lv Zhuoran , Zhang Shicong , Bi Hui , Huang Fuqiang , Lin Tianquan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐carbon capacitors display application potential in green power and high‐end equipment owing to their high security, large power and sustainability. The water‐rich zinc anode‐electrolyte interface (AEI) and disordered zinc‐ion diffusion are the culprits triggering corrosion reactions and dendrite growth, threatening the sustainability of aqueous zinc‐carbon capacitors. Herein, a polyfunctional biomolecular, vitamin B6, is introduced into the traditional aqueous electrolyte for customizing the functional AEI and fine‐regulating the interfacial coordination environment of zinc ions. Specifically, the preferential anchoring of pyridine nitrogen enables trace vitamin (2.0 g L−1) to construct a robust AEI and suppress corrosion reactions. The hydroxyl function zone provides high‐octane guidance for zinc‐ion diffusion at the AEI, resulting in flat zinc (002) oriented growth. Consequently, the Zn//Zn symmetrical cell features an ultrahigh cumulative capacity of 4.0 Ah cm−2 under 34 % depth of discharge. The vitamin‐optimized zinc‐carbon capacitor features extended operational lifetimes exceeding 8 months (200 thousand cycles at 5.0 A g−1), and demonstrates a high areal capacity of averaging 0.68 mAh cm−2 and exceptional durability over 2000 hours at 1.0 A g−1 under a high discharge depth of zinc anode (averaging 11.6 %). This work offers valuable insights into sustainable and cost‐effective zinc‐carbon capacitors.
Poly(2‐Hydroxymethyl‐2‐Oxazoline) as Super‐Hydrophilic Antifouling Polymer
Authors: Jana Somdeb , Roels Milan , Leiske Meike N. , Bernhard Yann , De Geest. Bruno G. , Van Hecke Kristof , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNon‐ionic “super‐hydrophilic” polymers generally possess strong non‐fouling characteristics and, therefore, can suppress non‐specific and unwanted interactions with blood proteins when attached to in vivo nanomedicine ranging from drug or gene delivery to diagnostics. In this contribution, we revitalize a protected alcohol functionalized 2‐oxazoline monomer, 2‐acetoxymethyl‐2‐oxazoline, that was first reported almost fifty‐five years ago and explore the possibility of making “super‐hydrophilic” poly(2‐oxazoline)s for biomedical applications. The synthesis of the 2‐acetoxymethyl‐2‐oxazoline monomer and its cationic ring‐opening homopolymerization and copolymerization kinetics are reported. The monomer showed unanticipated and intriguing reactivity during homopolymerization as it very slowly polymerizes at low temperature while the polymerization rate constant at high temperature is amongst the highest known values. Additionally, first order kinetic plots for the copolymerisation of AcOMeOx with EtOx at high temperature revealed that AcOMeOx is incorporated at a slower rate than EtOx confirming its lower nucleophilicity, while EtOx was accelerated in the copolymerization indicating chain‐end activation by the ester side‐chains. Subsequently, controlled hydrolysis of the resulting poly(2‐acetoxymethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PAcOMeOx) generates the alcohol (−OH) side chain functional poly(2‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PHOMeOx). The relative hydrophilicity of PHOMeOx was analyzed and compared with the previously reported most hydrophilic poly(2‐oxazoline)s, such as poly(2‐methoxymethyl‐2‐oxazoline) and poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline), revealing that PHOMeOx is the most hydrophilic poly(2‐oxazoline) reported to date. Finally, the cytocompatibility of these different hydrophilic polymers with MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells was explored where all polymers revealed high cytocompatibility. Most importantly, strong anti‐fouling properties of the most hydrophilic PHOMeOx against serum protein were observed during the cell association studies. Hence, the “super‐hydrophilic” and anti‐fouling PHOMeOx might be an interesting candidate to be explored in the area of polymeric drug and gene delivery as well as anti‐fouling surfaces.
Optical Properties and Performance of Pristine and Ag‐Doped ZnO as Working Electrode in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sharif Abdul M. , Ashrafuzzaman Md. , Kalam Abul , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Yadav Pankaj , Tripathi Brijesh , Dubey Mrigendra , Assiri Mohammad A. , Du Gaohui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a potential low‐cost solar energy conversion device that is simple to fabricate with low cost than traditional silicon‐based solar cells. The development of DSSC is hampered by the limitations of using ZnO‐based photoanodes for a number of reasons (e.g., charge recombination, efficiency and expensive method). Photoanode material is one of the crucial components in DSSC, which plays a vital role in overall device performance, and the improvement of photoanode materials is needed. This work is focused to improve the overall performance of DSSCs with reducing problem by incorporating a dopant into ZnO semiconductor material as photoanode. Pristine and silver‐doped zinc oxide (Ag‐ZnO) photoanodes with various weight percentages of Ag (2, 3 and 4 wt%) were prepared by a facile, cost‐effective and quick green‐modified–solvothermal method with diethylamine (precipitating agent) and fig leaf extract (capping agent). The structural, crystalline nature, morphological and optical properties of prepared nanomaterials were analysed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the crystallite size of pristine and Ag‐ZnO with 2, 3 and 4 wt% of Ag decreased from 85 to 21 nm by increasing the percentage of Ag. The surface roughness decreased with increasing the weight percentage of Ag, and there is no big change in their morphology. The energy band gaps (Eg) of pristine and Ag‐ZnO with 2%, 3% and 4% Ag determined by Tauc plot were 2.55, 3.05, 3.09 and 3.17 eV, respectively. Among the pristine and Ag‐doped ZnO fabricated devices, the photovoltaic measurements of 4% Ag‐ZnO exhibited superior performance reaching the highest efficiency of 2.25% with a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of ~5.8 mA/cm2, an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of ~810 mV and a fill factor (FF) of ~0.54, which might be due to large optical band gap, better conductivity, reduced recombination rate and enhanced dye adsorption.
A First Report of Docosahexaenoic Acid‐Clocked Polymer Enveloped Gold Nanoparticles: A Way to Precision Breast Cancer and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapy and Its Apoptosis Induction
Authors: Khanna Lalit , Ballal Suhas , Awasthi Kumud Kant , Singh Dhiraj , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alahmadi Tahani Awad , Abudoleh Suha Mujahed , Thangavelu Indumathi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFunctionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are extensively utilized in various disciplines due to their excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility, and extended drug half‐life, influenced by the ligands and size that are changed on surfaces. In this study, we successfully fabricated GNPs coated with ligands containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) clocked by a carboxyl group. These nanoparticles are referred to as MPA@GNPs‐PEG‐DHA. The cytotoxicity results demonstrate that MPA@GNPs‐PEG‐DHA exhibits superior cell selectivity, explicitly inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancerous cells than noncancerous cell lines. Apoptosis is involved in the reduction of cell proliferation by MPA@GNPs‐PEG‐DHA, as demonstrated clearly through many assays measuring apoptotic index, including AO/EB staining, DAPI, annexin V‐FITC staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement. The efficacy of MPA@GNPs‐PEG‐DHA in inducing apoptosis was demonstrated by its inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction by ROS. MPA@GNPs‐PEG‐DHA has the potential to improve the induction of apoptosis in breast cancerous cells.
Recent Advances on Integrating Porous Nanomaterials with Chemiluminescence Assays
Authors: Cao Yue , Wu Ming , Cao Yu , Zhu Wenlei , Zhou Yang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdvanced porous nanomaterials have recently been the subject of considerable interest due to their high surface areas, tunable pore structures, high porosity, and ease of modification. In the chemiluminescence (CL) domain, the incorporation of additional pores into nanostructures not only enhances the loading capacity for signal amplification but also allows the confinement effect in a nanoscale microreactor and the controlled release of reaction agents. In light of this, increasing efforts have been made to fabricate various porous nanomaterials and explore their potential applications in CL assays. This review therefore aims to highlight the recent advances in preparation strategies and basic attributes of the CL‐related porous nanomaterials. Moreover, it offers a comprehensive summary of the emerging CL sensing applications based on these materials. The key challenges and future perspectives of porous nanomaterials in CL assays are finally discussed.
On the Equivalence of Likelihood‐Based Confidence Bands for Fatigue‐Life and Fatigue‐Strength Distributions
Authors: Liu Peng , Hong Yili , Escobar Luis A. , Meeker William Q. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFatigue data arise in many research and applied areas, and there have been statistical methods developed to model and analyze such data. The distributions of fatigue life and fatigue strength are often of interest to engineers designing products that might fail due to fatigue from cyclic‐stress loading. Based on a specified statistical model and the maximum likelihood method, the cumulative distribution function (cdf) and quantile function (qf) can be estimated for the fatigue‐life and fatigue‐strength distributions. Likelihood‐based confidence bands can then be obtained for the cdf and qf. This paper provides equivalence results for confidence bands for fatigue‐life and fatigue‐strength models. These results are useful for data analysis and computing implementation. We show (a) the equivalence of the confidence bands for the fatigue‐life cdf and the fatigue‐life qf, (b) the equivalence of confidence bands for the fatigue‐strength cdf and the fatigue‐strength qf, and (c) the equivalence of confidence bands for the fatigue‐life qf and the fatigue‐strength qf. Then we illustrate the usefulness of those equivalence results with two examples using experimental fatigue data.