bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A data processing approach with built-in spatial resolution reduction methods to construct energy system models
Authors: Fleischer Christian Etienne 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Data processing is a crucial step in energy system modelling which prepares input data from various sources into a format needed to formulate a model. Multiple open-source web-hosted databases offer pre-processed input data within the European context. However, the number of documented open-source data processing workflows that allow for the construction of energy system models with specified spatial resolution reduction methods is still limited. Methods: This paper presents a novel data processing approach to construct sector-coupled energy system models for European countries while maximising the use of existing web-hosted pre-processed data. Three power and heat optimisation models of Germany were constructed using different spatial resolution reduction methods. Results: Significant variation in generation, transmission and storage capacity of electricity were observed between the optimisation results of the energy system models. The results of the model that used administrative state boundaries to define regions were found to be sensitive to the omission of solar rooftop photovoltaic availability. Conclusions: This paper uses the proposed data processing approach to demonstrate the importance of spatial context when building and analysing power and heat optimisation models.
Narrow linewidth VCSEL based on resonant optical feedback from an on-chip microring add-drop filter
Authors: Jiang Lidan , Shi Leilei , Luo Jing , Gao Qirui , Lan Tianyi , Huang Ligang , Zhu Tao 
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate a narrow linewidth vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) by injecting resonant optical feedback into the lasing cavity. A single longitudinal mode VCSEL with a Lorentzian linewidth of 32.6 kHz and a purified optical spectrum is experimentally achieved by an on-chip microring add-drop filter with a quality factor of 1.36 million, where the feedback level is

−

47.77

d
B

. The frequency noise spectrum of the VCSEL demonstrates that the thermo-optic effect in the microring resonator can also stabilize the lasing frequency. A VCSEL with narrow linewidth and stable frequency provides a high-performance light source for a single VCSEL or VCSEL array-based application.
Optical frequency-to-time mapping using a phase-modulated frequency-shifting loop
Authors: Yang Hongzhi , Brunel Marc , Vallet Marc , Zhang Haiyang , Zhao Changming 
Published: April 2021

A real-time spectral analysis is demonstrated experimentally with a frequency-shifting loop that includes an electro-optic phase modulator. When a single-frequency laser seeds the loop, pulse doublets are emitted if the integer Talbot condition is satisfied. With a polychromatic seed, frequency-to-time mapping is demonstrated, namely the temporal output of the loop maps the spectral power of the seed, with a resolution of 400 kHz. Due to the phase modulation function, the mapping is shown to be nonlinear. The results are in agreement with the theoretical predictions of [H. Yang et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 37, 3162 (2020)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.389801]. The extension to integrated systems for applications is discussed.
Chlamydia pneumoniae and chronic asthma: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of population attributable risk
Authors: Hahn David L. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) is an obligate intracellular human respiratory pathogen producing persisting lung infection with a plausible link to asthma pathogenesis. The population attributable risk of potentially treatable Cp infection in asthma has not been reported.

Methods
The author searched from 2000 to 2020 inclusive for previously un-reviewed and new cross sectional and prospective controlled studies of Cp biomarkers and chronic asthma in both children and adults. Qualitative descriptive results and quantitative estimates of population attributable risk for selected biomarkers (specific IgG, IgA and IgE) are presented.

Findings
No large, long-term prospective population-based studies of Cp infection and asthma were identified. About half of case-control studies reported one or more significant associations of Cp biomarkers and chronic asthma. Heterogeneity of results by age group (pediatric v adult asthma), severity category (severe/uncontrolled, moderate/partly controlled, mild/controlled) and antibody isotype (specific IgG, IgA, IgE) were suggested by the qualitative results and confirmed by meta-analyses. The population attributable risks for Cp-specific IgG and IgA were nul in children and were 6% (95% confidence interval 2%-10%, p = 0.002) and 13% (9%-18%, p<0.00001) respectively in adults. In contrast to the nul or small population attributable risks for Cp-specific IgG and IgA, the population attributable risk for C. pneumoniae-specific IgE (children and adults combined) was 47% (39%-55%, p<0.00001). In the subset of studies that reported on asthma severity categories, Cp biomarkers were positively and significantly (P<0.00001) associated with asthma severity.

Interpretation
C. pneumoniae-specific IgE is strongly associated with asthma and asthma severity, suggesting a possible mechanism linking chronic Cp infection with asthma in a subset of individuals with asthma. Infection biomarkers should be included in future macrolide treatment trials for severe and uncontrolled asthma.
Prognostic value of the postoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in solid tumors: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Meilong , Yang Shizhong , Feng Xiaobin , Li Chengquan , Yu Fei , Dong Jiahong 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Numerous studies have demonstrated that a variety of systemic inflammatory markers were associated with the survival of different tumors. However, the association between elevated postoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (postNLR) and long-term outcomes, including overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), in patients with solid tumors remains controversial. A systematic review was conducted to explore the association between the postNLR and long-term outcomes in solid tumors.

Materials and methods
Relevant literature was identified using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from the initiation of the databases to October 2020. Data were extracted from included studies reporting hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and were pooled using generic inverse-variance and random-effects modeling. 25 studies reporting on7539 patients were included in the analysis.

Results
Elevated postNLR was associated with poor OS (HR 1.87, 95% CI = 1.53–2.28; P < 0.00001), and worse DFS (HR 1.69, 95% CI = 1.28–2.22; P = 0.0002). Subgroup analyses showed that the trend of the pooled HR for most of the subgroups was not changed, and the heterogeneity of the same tumor type was not obvious. However, there was no correlation between high postNLR obtained within 7days and poor DFS (n = 3, HR 1.25, 95CI% = 0.54–2.88; P = 0.60).

Conclusions
Elevated postNLR might be a readily available and inexpensive biomarker for long-term outcomes in solid tumors. Multicenter and prospective studies are needed to explore the impact of the postNLR on the prognosis of solid tumors.
Are Atypical Antipsychotics the Least Detrimental Alternative?
Authors: Breton Holly 
Published: April 2021

Antipsychotics are typically used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and recently, treatment resistant major depressive disorder. A significant, and very concerning, side effect present with first generation antipsychotics is extrapyramidal symptoms, which are disorders of movement. With the advent of atypical antipsychotics, also known as second-generation antipsychotics, these symptoms are purported to be much less frequent and pronounced than they were with the first generation medications. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed as to why atypical antipsychotics produce fewer extrapyramidal symptoms compared to first generation antipsychotics, which this paper will review. Unfortunately, despite the fact that atypicals have reduced extrapyramidal symptoms in those taking antipsychotics, extrapyramidal symptoms are still an unpleasant and potentially dangerous side effect, which can be difficult to detect, and difficult, or even impossible, to treat. Additionally, atypical antipsychotics result in other potentially very serious side effects, specifically and most commonly, metabolic syndrome, which can decrease life expectancy significantly. However, metabolic syndrome, unlike extrapyramidal symptoms, may be preventable in highly motivated and well-supported patients. Thus, this paper concludes that the benefits of the atypical antipsychotics (reduced extrapyramidal symptoms) outweigh the potential risks for the majority of patients.
Evidence-Based Nutritional Strategies to Enhance Athletic Performance
Authors: Schroeder Nicole 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In today's digital era, nutritional information, and misinformation, is readily available for most people by media outlets, social media, and on-line streaming videos. Nutrition is of utmost interest because of its role in health, fitness, weight management, and athletic performance. Because of the public interest and information availability, qualified health care providers and exercise professionals can be an excellent source of evidence-based nutrition counseling for appropriate clients to improve overall health and athletic performance. The goal of this article is to provide a source of practitioner and client evidence-based education regarding nutritional strategies to improve athletic performance.
The Cocaine and Oxycodone Biobanks, Two Repositories from Genetically Diverse and Behaviorally Characterized Rats for the Study of Addiction
Authors: Carrette Lieselot L. G. , de Guglielmo Giordano , Kallupi Marsida , Maturin Lisa , Brennan Molly , Boomhower Brent , Conlisk Dana , Sedighim Sharona , Tieu Lani , Fannon McKenzie J. , Velarde Nathan , Martinez Angelica R , Kononoff Jenni , Kimbrough Adam , Simpson Sierra , Smith Lauren C. , Shankar Kokila , Ramirez Francisco J. , Chitre Apurva S. , Lin Bonnie , Polesskaya Oksana , Solberg Woods Leah C. , Palmer Abraham A. , George Olivier 
Published: April 2021

The rat oxycodone and cocaine biobanks contain samples that vary by genotypes (by using genetically diverse genotyped HS rats), phenotypes (by measuring addiction-like behaviors in an advanced SA model), timepoints (samples are collected longitudinally before, during, and after SA, and terminally at three different timepoints in the addiction cycle: intoxication, withdrawal, and abstinence or without exposure to drugs through age-matched naive rats), samples collected (organs, cells, biofluids, feces), preservation (paraformaldehyde-fixed, snap-frozen, or cryopreserved) and application (proteomics, transcriptomics, microbiomics, metabolomics, epigenetics, anatomy, circuitry analysis, biomarker discovery, etc.Substance use disorders (SUDs) are pervasive in our society and have substantial personal and socioeconomical costs. A critical hurdle in identifying biomarkers and novel targets for medication development is the lack of resources for obtaining biological samples with a detailed behavioral characterization of SUD. Moreover, it is nearly impossible to find longitudinal samples. As part of two ongoing large-scale behavioral genetic studies in heterogeneous stock (HS) rats, we have created two preclinical biobanks using well-validated long access (LgA) models of intravenous cocaine and oxycodone self-administration (SA) and comprehensive characterization of addiction-related behaviors. The genetic diversity in HS rats mimics diversity in the human population and includes individuals that are vulnerable or resilient to compulsive-like responding for cocaine or oxycodone. Longitudinal samples are collected throughout the experiment, before exposure to the drug, during intoxication, acute withdrawal, and protracted abstinence, and include naive, age-matched controls. Samples include, but are not limited to, blood plasma, feces and urine, whole brains, brain slices and punches, kidney, liver, spleen, ovary, testis, and adrenal glands. Three preservation methods (fixed in formaldehyde, snap-frozen, or cryopreserved) are used to facilitate diverse downstream applications such as proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, microbiomics, neuroanatomy, biomarker discovery, and other cellular and molecular approaches. To date, >20,000 samples have been collected from over 1000 unique animals and made available free of charge to non-profit institutions throughhttps://www.cocainebiobank.org/andhttps://www.oxycodonebiobank.org/.
Power Distance as a Variable in Assessing Employees' Behavior towards Information Security Policy Compliance in a High-Power Distance Society: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Etim Erasmus , Streff Kevin , Park Insu , Rowland Pam 
Published: April 2021

Information security is a concern of every business, therefore the need for employees to comply with a policy that would protect the organization's assets. The model developed for this research was based on Protection Motivation Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Rational Choice Theory. There were 129 responses from Nigeria used to validate the model. The data analysis using PLS-SEM resulted in these findings: self-efficacy, normative beliefs, and power distance were significant, therefore impacting. Therefore, not significant descriptive norms did not positively impact intention to comply with information security policy. Power distance was impactful on employees' intention to comply with information system policy and contributed to theory and practice; respondents chose to do right by their intention to comply with information security policy. Training and managerial oversight in policy compliance are significant since those actions would help protect the organization's information. The analysis showed the adverse effect of a high correlation between indicators of different constructs.
Blind spot in sepsis management – Tissue level changes in microcirculation
Authors: Xantus G. , Allen P. , Kanizsai P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn sepsis cytokine-mediated inflammation, clotting cascade activation and glycocalyx shedding impair both function and structure of the microcirculation, compromising adequate tissue oxygenation/perfusion. Such mismatch results in “dysoxia”, an imbalance in mitochondrial respiration.Microvessel injuries can be grouped into four types: cytotoxic oedema, micro-vessel heterogeneity, sluggish/absent flow, and focal anaemia. Recognition of such diversity in microcirculatory pathology, alongside with the implementation of novel biomarkers might reveal previously unobserved heterogeneity in adults diagnosed with sepsis. Early identification of distinct subtypes may help not only to better stratify disease severity but may also provide explanation to the often seen insufficient/absent response to resuscitative treatment. Experimental evidence suggests that impaired microcirculatory flow may correlate with organ dysfunction and mortality. Therefore, reliable/reproducible diagnostic tools, that provide real-time information about the dynamic state of the microcirculation, might be practice changers in managing the critically ill.The sublingual mucosa and the nailfolds provide easy access to microcirculation via hand-held, point-of-care devices. Accessing these windows, clinicians may recognise, understand and potentially correct the underlying tissue oxygenation/perfusion mismatch. This new clinical information might facilitate an individualised approach vs protocolised care aiming to administer the right balance of intravenous fluids/vasopressors, time/dose auxiliary treatment modalities and, most importantly, might also guide determining the optimal duration of resuscitation to avoid/minimise harm and maximise benefits in sepsis management. However, before every-day clinical use of such point-of-care microcameras, validation studies are needed to establish not only feasibility but reliability and reproducibility as well.
The effect of winter swimming on body's external temperature
Authors: Bach Anna M. , Dziarkowski Dariusz , Gawrych Szymon , Yermakova Tetiana 
Published: April 2021

Background and Study Aim. The main aim was to compare the changes in external body temperature of students who gave in an immersion of winter swimming.
Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 15 students, including 7 males and 8 females. The average age of the subjects was 22.4+1.12 years. The group was tested by measuring outer body temperature at 30 spots across their bodies by using a FLUXE 64 MAX pyrometer. Afterwards, subjects entered ice-cold water for 3 minutes. Immediately after leaving the water the second temperature measurements at the same 30 spots were conducted, and the third measurements were done 15 minutes after leaving the water. After 15 days of testing the comparison was made: temperature values from before and after the immersion.
Results. The students showed significantly higher average body temperature values before the testing (34.96°C ± 2.21 to 21.85 ± 3.68) and the lowest after the testing (29.86°C ± 4.91 to 6.26°C ± 1.04). The highest difference in average temperatures was obtained in the measurement of the left lower leg - front, the examination before and after (20.73°C), and the lowest in the measurement of the right hand - palm side, the examination after and 15 minutes after (0.19°C).
Conclusions. Winter swimming is becoming an increasingly popular sport activity. Conducted research shows the positive influence of winter swimming on human body and organism. The presented research should be further continued in order to learn more about the influence of cold on human body.
Автоматичне керування процесом сушіння плодоовочевої сировини в конденсаційній термоелектричній сушарці
Authors: Якубаш І. В. 
Published: April 2021

Сушіння є одним з найбільш ефективних методів збереження сільськогосподарських і харчових продуктів. Якість висушеного продукту залежить від дотримання регламенту технологічного процесу сушіння. Підвищення якості ведення технологічного процесу (ТП) сушіння плодоовочевої сировини впливає на якість виготовленої продукції, що, в свою чергу, призводить до підвищення конкурентоспроможності підприємства. Дотримання регламенту ТП можливе лише за його автоматизації. Тому завдання автоматизації ТП дедалі більше постає перед сучасними підприємствами. Огляд існуючих вітчизняних розробок в сфері автоматизації сушіння, зокрема сушіння плодоовочевої сировини, показує наявність суттєвих недоліків. В ОНАХТ, на кафедрі АТП і РС у рамках випускної роботи бакалавра розроблено новий підхід до автоматизації керування конденсаційною сушаркою, задля забезпечення високоефективного сушіння плодоовочевої сировини. Метою роботи є розробка найдосконалішої математичної моделі, функція якої б полягала в відтворенні основних властивостей середовища сушіння сільськогосподарських та харчових продуктів, з можливістю їхнього відображення та дослідження. В роботі розкрито мету ТП сушіння та виділено основні технологічні параметри, для яких необхідно скласти регламент, для забезпечення високої якості готової продукції. Складено структурну схему моделі об’єкта керування. Проведено аналіз його каналів зв’язку та їх ідентифікацію. Канали математично описано статичними аперіодичними ланками другого порядку. Розроблено модель id-діаграми вологого повітря, яка є достовірною. Також розроблено повну математичну модель об’єкту керування і зроблено висновки про можливість її використання у подальших розробках як основу при синтезі моделі системи автоматичного регулювання. На кафедрі АТП і РС було реалізовано фізичну модель, яка працює з відповідними встановленими параметрами та відповідає всім перехідним процесам.
Огляд системи регулювання рівня води парогенератора блоку ВВЕР-1000
Authors: Яроцький М. М. 
Published: April 2021

Досліджені властивості парогенератора блоку ВВЕР-1000, виведені основні характеристики об’єкта і вказані основні принципи, які допоможуть застерегти від помилок у вивченні даного питання. Представлені види автоматичних систем регулювання та вивчені основні недоліки кожної з систем регулювання. На основі зробленого аналізу було встановлено, яка саме автоматична система регулювання є найбільш краща для парогенератора. Пояснений процес знаходження параметрів регулятора та коефіцієнтів пристроїв зв'язку для каналу витрати пари, витрати живильної води та рівня води в парогенераторі. В більшості публікацій не робиться пояснень, чому використовується 3-х імпульсна автоматична система керування, не виконується порівняння з іншими системами регулювання, і просто приводиться вже як факт що використовується 3-хімпульсна система регулювання без пояснень та тонкощів налаштування самої системи регулювання. Не робляться пояснення стосовно налаштування регулятора для 3-х імпульсної автоматичної системи регулювання і для чого потрібні коефіцієнти пристроїв зв'язку. Тому в статті зроблено пояснення, чому використовується 3-х імпульсна автоматична сиситема регулювання а не 2-х імпульсна, як правильно налаштувати регулятор рівня води та як налаштувати пристрої зв'язку і для чого вони потрібні. Приведена модель парогенератора в середовищі Simulink та показано яким чином проходить налаштування спочатку пристроїв зв'язку і потім знаходження параметрів для ПІ-регулятора. Зроблені висновки стосовно застосування 3-х імпульсної системи регулювання, яку модернізацію вона отримала на виробництві та доцільність її використання.
Автоматизація пастеризації яблучного соку
Authors: Бричук Б. В. 
Published: April 2021

Здоров'я - безцінне надбання не тільки кожної людини, але і всього суспільства. Для підтримки здоров`я людини на певному рівні, необхідно включати в раціон харчування фруктові та овочеві соки, зокрема яблучний сок, який має високі споживні властивості. Збереження цих властивостей можна забезпечити лише за рахунок автоматичного керування технологічним процесом виробництва яблучного соку. Автоматичне керування процесом пастеризації яблучного соку – одне з найбільш складних та важливих завдань, оскільки забезпечує дотримання технологічного регламенту термічної обробки яблучного соку. Процес пастеризації яблучного соку, як об'єкт керування являє собою складну динамічну систему. Аналіз існуючих систем автоматичного керування пастеризацією яблучного соку демонструє певні недоліки і ставить задачі наступної розробки. В Одеській національній академії харчових технологій, на кафедрі автоматизація технологічних процесів і робототехнічних систем розроблено новий спосіб пастеризації яблучного соку, з використанням каскадної системи автоматичного регулювання, яка зменшує запізнення в контурі регулювання температури пастеризації, що підвищує якість готового продукту, продуктивність процесу та знижує його енергоємність. Результати структурно-параметричного синтезу і аналізу розробленої системи автоматичного керування підтверджують переваги запропонованого підходу. Побудована каскадна система автоматичного регулювання забезпечує високу динамічну точність керування розглянутим технологічним процесом. Розроблене автоматизоване робоче місце оператора-технолога і наладчика системи автоматичного керування в SCADA-системі дозволяє зручно і ефективно спостерігати та керувати ходом процесу пастеризації яблучного соку. Подальший розвиток питання автоматизації керування процесом пастеризації яблучного соку знайде в магістерській випускній роботі.