bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation contextual factors related to community-based active travel to school interventions: a mixed methods interview study
Authors: Koester MacKenzie , Bejarano Carolina M. , Davis Ann M. , Brownson Ross C. , Kerner Jon , Sallis James F. , Steel Chelsea , Carlson Jordan A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Active travel to school contributes to multiple physical and psychosocial benefits for youth, yet population rates of active travel to school are alarmingly low in the USA and many other countries. Though walking school bus interventions are effective for increasing rates of active travel to school and children’s overall physical activity, uptake of such interventions has been low. The objective of this study was to conduct a mixed methods implementation evaluation to identify contextual factors that serve as barriers and facilitators among existing walking school bus programs.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) were conducted with leaders of low-sustainability (n = 9) and high-sustainability (n = 11) programs across the USA. A combination of quantitative (CFIR-based) coding and inductive thematic analysis was used. The CFIR-based ratings were compared between the low- and high-sustainability programs and themes, subthemes, and exemplary quotes were provided to summarize the thematic analysis.

Results
In both the low- and high-sustainability programs, three of the 15 constructs assessed were commonly rated as positive (i.e., favorable for supporting implementation): student/family needs and resources, implementation climate, and planning. Three constructs were more often rated as positive in the high-sustainability programs: organizational incentives and rewards, engaging students and parents, and reflecting and evaluating. Three constructs were more often rated as positive in the low-sustainability programs: student/family needs and resources - built environment, available resources, and access to knowledge and information. Four themes emerged from the thematic analysis: planning considerations, ongoing coordination considerations, resources and supports, and benefits.

Conclusions
Engagement of students, parents, and community members were among the factors that emerged across the quantitative and qualitative analyses as most critical for supporting walking school bus program implementation. The information provided by program leaders can help in the selection of implementation strategies that overcome known barriers for increasing the long-term success of community-based physical activity interventions such as the walking school bus.
Clinical utility of ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphism on tacrolimus dose requirements in Egyptian liver transplant patients
Authors: Saab Azza Abd El-rahman , El-hadidi Eman Saleh , Hussein Maha Mohsen , Shararah Maram Saeed Abd El-baki , Aly Heba Hassan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplantation (LT) is the only effective radical cure for all types of end-stage liver diseases. Major advances have been made in the field of liver transplantation due to improvements in surgical techniques and organ conservation as well as optimization of intensive care and immunosuppressive management. We aimed to assess the influence of ABCB1 gene polymorphism of liver transplant recipients on blood level and dose requirements of oral tacrolimus, in an attempt to help in designing an individualized tacrolimus regimen for Egyptian liver transplant recipient. The study included 25 liver transplant recipients and their respective 25 donors. All subjects of this study were subjected to full medical history, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations, and ABCB1 gene polymorphism evaluation by RT-PCR. Tacrolimus concentration was evaluated for all the recipients during the first 3 months post transplantation.ResultsThe present study revealed that the presence of CC genotype was significantly correlated to the effect on tacrolimus C/D ratio and weight-adjusted tacrolimus dose during the first week of the first and 2nd months (Z = −2.108,P<0.05) but not the 3rd month post transplantation (p-value >0.05). Subjects carrying CC genotype required higher doses of tacrolimus to achieve the desired trough levels compared to subjects carrying CT and TT genotypes. The same effect was observed over the whole period of the study but the results were statistically non-significant (p-value>0.05). Recipients who received liver tissue from donors carrying CC genotype also required higher doses of tacrolimus and reached lower levels of blood tacrolimus trough levels.ConclusionThe present study revealed that ABCB1 CC genotype of both recipients and donors of liver transplantation was significantly associated with increased required tacrolimus dose early after liver transplantation reaching statistically significant level in the first week of the first and second months.
Identification and estimation of bioactive constituents Negundoside, Berberine chloride, and Marmelosin by HPLC and HPTLC for development of quality control protocols for Ayurvedic medicated oil formulation
Authors: Meena Ajay Kumar , Rekha P. , Perumal Ayyam , Ilavarasan R. , Singh Ravindra , Srikant N. , Dhiman K. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Anu Taila is an ancient medicated oil Ayurvedic preparation that is commonly used for nasya karma. It contains more than 25 herbs and goat milk as per the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI). It strengthens the neck, shoulder, and chest muscles and improves the capacity of sense organs. It delays the aging process and reduces hair fall. Recent studies showed that it is also useful in COVID-19. In the current study, an attempt to develop quality control protocols and evaluate the standardization parameters like refractive index, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, acid value, rancidity, HPTLC fingerprint profile along with major bioactive compound and quantification of Berberine chloride, Negundoside, and Marmelosin by HPLC. Establishing quality protocol and standard parameters like physicochemical parameters and estimation of bioactive compounds of this preparation is significant for quality control.

Results
In this study, HPTLC identifies bioactive chemical compounds like Berberine chloride, Marmelosin, Negundoside, glycyrrhizin, and para hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), Lupeol, Embelin, and Solasodine, which were present in the Anu Taila formulation. HPLC was used to estimate the bioactive marker compounds Negundoside, Berberine chloride, and Marmelosin were present in the Anu Taila formulation. The quantitative evaluation of Berberine chloride (0.0013%), Marmelosin (0.0366%), Negundoside (0.0086%) is present in Anu Taila formulation.

Conclusion
The study reveals that sufficient quality control parameters were followed during the preparation of the formulation. Physicochemical analysis was carried out as per the guidelines of Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. HPTLC and HPLC profiles generated in this particular study can be considered as a preliminary tool ascertaining the authenticity of Anu Taila.
Relationship Between the Loaded Pressure and Flow Rate of Packed Red Blood Cells and Various Infusion Solutions in Normal Infusion Lines and Catheters
Authors: Miyoshi Hirotsugu , Nakamura Ryuji , Noda Yuko , Kimura Hiroshi , Kamiya Satoshi , Morio Atsushi , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Narasaki Soushi , Toyota Yukari , Saeki Noboru , Tsutsumi Yasuo M. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:
We investigated the relationship between the loaded pressure and flow rate in various catheters and the entire infusion line including the catheters, in several infusion solutions and packed red blood cells.

METHODS:
We connected the infusion line and catheter to the infusion solution and used an outer pressure bag or a compressor to pressurize the infusion solution bag to a pressure within the clinical (up to 450 mm Hg) or higher range (up to 1050 mm Hg). We approximated the relationship between the loaded pressure and flow rate in the entire infusion line including the catheter, versus the catheter alone, as a power function and compared the power numbers.

RESULTS:
In the clinical pressure range of normal saline, the power numbers of the entire infusion line for the 24-, 22-, 20-, and 18-gauge catheters were 0.76, 0.82, 0.81, and 0.86, respectively, while those for the catheter alone were 0.67, 0.63, 0.56, and 0.44, respectively. In the higher pressure range of normal saline, the power numbers of the entire infusion line for the 24-, 22-, 20-, and 18-gauge catheters were 0.68, 0.70, 0.71, and 0.73, respectively, while those for the catheter alone were 0.62, 0.61, 0.59, and 0.58, respectively. As the power number of the entire infusion line was closer to 1.00 than the values of the catheter, the relation between the loaded pressure and the flow rate was more linear in the entire infusion line than that in the catheter. Similar results were obtained using packed red blood cells and 40% glycerin mixture in normal saline.

CONCLUSIONS:
Regardless of the type of infusion solution or transfusion, the pressure-flow relationship in the catheter was nonlinear and not directly proportional. However, within the clinical pressure range (up to 450 mm Hg), the relationship between the flow rate and pressure in the entire infusion line was almost linear and proportional.
The Geopolitics of Comparing and Representing the Other
Authors: Jobim José Luís 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ferdinand Denis, Almeida Garrett, and Alexandre Herculano were European authors who, during the nineteenth century, formulated a meaning for local color below the equator, and contributed to a comparativism that geopolitically originated from the Old World, which created comparisons based on the representation of the New World chiefly derived from the supposed characteristics of its “nature.” This article will identify traces of the demand made by Ferdinand Denis (1798–1890) that the intellectual production of the Americas must reflect the effect of the nature that inspires us, and formulate local ideas derived from this nature, although from the nineteenth century onwards this opinion was challenged. It will also highlight the importance, for South America, at this moment in history when authoritarianism is rearing its head again, of using comparative approaches to study narratives that represent the period of military dictatorships in South America, as well as to critically analyze the issue of languages in postcolonial contexts in Latin America.
Polysomal mRNA Association and Gene Expression in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Tinti Michele , Kelner-Mirôn Anna , Marriott Lizzie J. , Ferguson Michael A.J. 
Published: August 2021

Background: The contrasting physiological environments of Trypanosoma brucei procyclic (insect vector) and bloodstream (mammalian host) forms necessitates deployment of different molecular processes and, therefore, changes in protein expression. Transcriptional regulation is unusual in T. brucei because the arrangement of genes is polycistronic; however, genes which are transcribed together are subsequently cleaved into separate mRNAs by trans-splicing. Following pre-mRNA processing, the regulation of mature mRNA stability is a tightly controlled cellular process. While many stage-specific transcripts have been identified, previous studies using RNA-seq suggest that changes in overall transcript level do not necessarily reflect the abundance of the corresponding protein. Methods: To better understand the regulation of gene expression in T. brucei, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of RNA-seq on total, sub-polysomal, and polysomal mRNA samples. We further cross-referenced our dataset with a previously published proteomics dataset to identify new protein coding sequences. Results: Our analyses showed that several long non-coding RNAs are more abundant in the sub-polysome samples, which possibly implicates them in regulating cellular differentiation in T. brucei. We also improved the annotation of the T.brucei genome by identifying new putative protein coding transcripts that were confirmed by mass spectrometry data. Conclusions: Several long non-coding RNAs are more abundant in the sub-polysome cellular fractions and might pay a role in the regulation of gene expression. We hope that these data will be of wide general interest, as well as being of specific value to researchers studying gene regulation expression and life stage transitions in T. brucei.
An Efficient Label-Correcting Algorithm for the Multiobjective Shortest Path Problem
Authors: Kergosien Yannick , Giret Antoine , Néron Emmanuel , Sauvanet Gaël 
Published: August 2021

This paper proposes an exact algorithm to solve the one-to-one multiobjective shortest path problem. The solution involves determining a set of nondominated paths between two given nodes in a graph that minimizes several objective functions. This study is motivated by the application of this solution method to determine cycling itineraries. The proposed algorithm improves upon a label-correcting algorithm to rapidly solve the problem on large graphs (i.e., up to millions of nodes and edges). To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, we use computational experiments to compare it with the best-known methods in the literature. The numerical results confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Summary of Contribution: The paper deals with a classic operations research problem (the one-to-one multiobjective shortest path problem) and is motivated by a real application for cycling itineraries. An efficient method is proposed and is based on a label-correcting algorithm into which several additional improvement techniques are integrated. Computational experiments compare this algorithm with the best-known methods in the literature to validate the performance on large-size graphs (Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science (DIMACS) instances from the ninth DIMACS challenge). New instances from the context of cycling itineraries are also proposed.
Short Communication: In vitro antimicrobial and antimalarial screening of a crude extract of Streptomyces sp. AB8 isolated from Lapindo Mud Volcano Area, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Authors: Arifiyanto Achmad , Setyaningrum Endah , Nukmal Nismah , Aeny Titik Nur 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Arifiyanto A, Setyaningrum E, Nukmal N, Aeny TN. 2021. Short Communication: In vitro antimicrobial and antimalarial screening of a crude extract of Streptomyces sp. AB8 isolated from Lapindo Mud Volcano Area, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2817-2823. Streptomyces is a potential bacterial genus that has been investigated extensively as a source of natural microbial compounds. Its potential metabolites have been widely developed for pharmaceutical, pathogen control, and other applications in agriculture. This study aimed to determine the ability of the Streptomyces sp AB8 crude extract in inhibiting Plasmodium and pathogenic microbes. Streptomyces was cultured on Gause synthetic media for 10 days. The fermented broth culture media has dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and methanol. Biochemical characterization of this isolate has carried out using the standard methods. In-vitro antimalarial activity assay was performed using a chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. Fresh type O-positive human erythrocytes were suspended at 4 percent hematocrit in a complete medium to maintain culture. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined using probit analysis. The results showed the extract of Streptomyces sp. AB8 contains phenolic and alkaloids. Streptomyces sp. AB8 extract can inhibit Dickeya zeae N-Unila 5, Dickeya zeae N-Unila 10, Aspergillus sp IK3, and Escherichia coli growth. The results also showed that the ICs0 value of extract against P. falciparum 3D7 was 17.56 ug/mL. Further research was needed to determine the types of purified bioactive compounds and their bioactivity.
Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) dung and their associated fungi: Potential candidates for bio-remediation and nutrients improvement of crude oil contaminated soils
Authors: Enyiukwu David Nwazuo , BASSEY INENESIT N. , NWAOGU GRACE AMARACHI , ASAMUDO N.U. , CHUKWU LWANGA AZUBUIKE , MONDAY E.A. , MARANZU JACQUELINE O. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Enyiukwu DN, Bassey IN, Nwaogu GA, Asamudo NU, Chukwu LA, Monday EA, Maranzu JO. 2021. Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) dung and their associated fungi: Potential candidates for bio-remediation and nutrients improvement of crude oil contaminated soils. Biodiversitas 22: 3276-3286. Pig dung a common agro-waste material in Nigeria is associated with many fungal saprophytes. Rising oil spillages and pollution in Nigeria have made cultivation of affected agro-lands un-rewarding. Potentials of pig dung in mitigating crude oil pollution in agro-soils are herein studied. The objectives of this study were to characterize the fungal profile associated with wet and dry dung of pig. And to evaluate the remediating impacts of pig dung and their associated fungi on crude oil and heavy metals contents, physicochemical properties, and phytotoxicity of crude oil polluted soils. Coprophilous fungi were isolated from wet and dry dung by moist chamber technique and identified. Utisoil from Umudike was polluted with crude oil, amended with 10-40% of dry pig dung and sown with soybean (Glycine max L.). The amended and un-amended crude oil contaminated utisols were analyzed to reduce crude oil and heavy metals contents; and physicochemical properties at planting, and harvesting, respectively, using classical and spectrometric methods, and the extent of crude oil and heavy metals removal determined. The percentage germination, height, number of leaves, leaf color, vigor, and biomass of the test crop were recorded from the test plant. The results showed that Aspergillus candidus, Sclerotium sp., Absidia sp., Acremonium sp., Candida tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, and Rhizopus oryzae were consistently isolated from the dry dung specimen than the wet one. The results also indicated that the treatments significantly reduced the treated soils' crude oil and heavy metals contents. It revealed that values obtained for residual oil or heavy metals contents of the treated soils and crop performance were inversely and directly related to levels of soil amendment respectively. Crop performance in the amended soil remained statistically (P?0.05) higher compared to the control. Soil analyses showed that the dung treatments significantly increased the values of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, etc. in a directly proportional manner. Therefore, pig dung and their associated fungi hold strong potentials as cheap eco-friendly platforms to provide and stimulate microbial growth, hasten degradation and removal of crude oil and heavy metals from contaminated soils; and thus permit and sustain good performance of arable crops.
Effectivity of bulrush (Scirpus californicus.) as a soil conditioner in increasing sandy and clay soil fertility
Authors: Izzati Munifatul , HARYANTI SRI , HASTUTI RINI BUDI 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Izzati M, Haryanti S, Hastuti RB. 2021. Effectivity of bulrush (Scirpus californicus) as a soil conditioner increasing sandy and clay soil fertility. Biodiversitas 22: 3423-3429. Bullrush (Scirpus californicus) is a species of macrophytes that often populates lakesides. This aquatic plant was rarely studied and its use has not been explored yet. This study was carried out to determine the effects of soil conditioner made from bulrush on sandy and clay soil fertility. Collected bulrush from Rawa Pening lake was milled into a powder and used as a soil conditioner in a proportion of 1:1. After a week, soil fertility was evaluated including organic matter content, water retention, the ratio of C/N, and bacteria population. The study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design with two treatments and control. Resulted data were analyzed using a t-test to evaluate the difference between the two treatments. Results showed that bulrush powder application significantly increased sandy and clay soil fertility. The organic matter content significantly increased in both sandy (p<0,01) and clay soils (p<005). The water retention of sandy soil was increased by 74% (p<0,01), while in clay soil was reduced by 27% (p<0,01). The C/N ratio was significantly reduced in both sandy and clay soil (p<0,05), while the bacteria population significantly increased (p<0,01). It is suggested to use the bulrush as a soil conditioner particularly for sandy and clay soils.
Experiences from six years of quality assured Model of End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) diagnostics
Authors: Hunold Pascal , Berg Thomas , Seehofer Daniel , Sucher Robert , Herber Adam , Isermann Berend , Thiery Joachim , Kaiser Thorsten 
Published: August 2021

Background
The model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was established for the allocation of liver transplants. The score is based on the medical laboratory parameters: bilirubin, creatinine and the international normalized ratio (INR). A verification algorithm for the laboratory MELD diagnostic was established, and the results from the first six years were analyzed.

Methods
We systematically investigated the validity of 7,270 MELD scores during a six-year period. The MELD score was electronically requested by the clinical physician using the laboratory system and calculated and specifically validated by the laboratory physician in the context of previous and additional diagnostics.

Results
In 2.7% (193 of 7,270) of the cases, MELD diagnostics did not fulfill the specified quality criteria. After consultation with the sender, 2.0% (145) of the MELD scores remained invalid for different reasons and could not be reported to the transplant organization. No cases of deliberate misreporting were identified. In 34 cases the dialysis status had to be corrected and there were 24 cases of oral anticoagulation with impact on MELD diagnostics.

Conclusion
Our verification algorithm for MELD diagnostics effectively prevented invalid MELD results and could be adopted by transplant centers to prevent diagnostic errors with possible adverse effects on organ allocation.