bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphone-Based Indoor Positioning Technologies
Authors: Chen Ruizhi , Chen Liang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have achieved great success in providing localization information in outdoor open areas. However, due to the weakness of the signal, GNSS signals cannot be received well indoors. Currently, indoor positioning plays a significant role in many areas, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), but given the complexity of indoor spaces and topology, it is still challenging to achieve an accurate, effective, full coverage and real-time positioning solution indoors. With the development of information technology, the smartphone has become more and more popular. With a large number of sensors embedded in smartphones, it is thus possible to achieve low cost, continuity, and high usability for indoor positioning. In this chapter, we focus on indoor positioning technologies with smartphones, and in particular, emphasize the technologies based on radio frequency (RF) and built-in sensors. The pros and cons of the technologies are reviewed and discussed in the context of different applications. Moreover, the challenges of indoor positioning are pointed out and the directions for the future development of this area are discussed.
User-Generated Content: A Promising Data Source for Urban Informatics
Authors: Gao Song , Liu Yu , Kang Yuhao , Zhang Fan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter summarizes different types of user-generated content (UGC) in urban informatics and then gives a systematic review of their data sources, methodologies, and applications. Case studies in three genres are interpreted to demonstrate the effectiveness of UGC. First, we use geotagged social media data, a type of single-sourced UGC, to extract citizen demographics, mobility patterns, and place semantics associated with various urban functional regions. Second, we bridge UGC and professional-generated content (PGC), in order to take advantage of both sides. The third application links multi-sourced UGC to uncover urban spatial structures and human dynamics. We suggest that UGC data contain rich information in diverse aspects. In addition, analysis of sentiment from geotagged texts and photos, along with the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence methods, is discussed to help understand the linkage between human emotions and surrounding environments. Drawing on the analyses, we summarize a number of future research areas that call for attention in urban informatics.
3D Modeling of the Cadastre and the Spatial Representation of Property
Authors: Li Lin , Guo Renzhong , Ying Shen , Zhu Haizhong , Wu Jindi , Liu Chencheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn emerging technology, three-dimensional (3D) cadastres as extensions to the current parcel-based or two-dimensional (2D) cadastre, has been developed to meet the management of 3D urban land use and 3D properties. This chapter provides a brief review of the key issues of 3D cadastre and the spatial representation of ownership. In order to understand the importance of legislation for developing modeling technology for 3D property, the legislative context of ownership is addressed in specific reference to China. In light of spatial rights of land-use space, a 3D spatial model of property is presented in terms of polyhedra with four-layer structures. Being compatible with the existing 2D cadastre, this 3D spatial data structure is suitable as a hybrid cadastral system for 2D and 3D property and provides an available means to spatially represent 3D property with integrity. By analyzing the heterogeneity of the land space used for property, the ownership of condominiums with internal structure is addressed and spatial representation of ownership is presented by instantiation in a case study in China.
Visual Analytics for Characterizing Mobility Aspects of Urban Context
Authors: Andrienko Gennady , Andrienko Natalia , Patterson Fabian , Chen Siming , Weibel Robert , Huang Haosheng , Doulkeridis Christos , Georgiou Harris , Pelekis Nikos , Theodoridis Yannis , Nanni Mirco , Longhi Leonardo , Koumparos Athanasios , Yasar Ansar , Kureshi Ibad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVisual analytics science develops principles and methods for efficient human–computer collaboration in solving complex problems. Visual and interactive techniques are used to create conditions in which human analysts can effectively utilize their unique capabilities: the power of seeing, interpreting, linking, and reasoning. Visual analytics research deals with various types of data and analysis tasks from numerous application domains. A prominent research topic is analysis of spatiotemporal data, which may describe events occurring at different spatial locations, changes of attribute values associated with places or spatial objects, or movements of people, vehicles, or other objects. Such kinds of data are abundant in urban applications. Movement data are a quintessential type of spatiotemporal data because they can be considered from multiple perspectives as trajectories, as spatial events, and as changes of space-related attribute values. By example of movement data, we demonstrate the utilization of visual analytics techniques and approaches in data exploration and analysis.
AI and Deep Learning for Urban Computing
Authors: Wang Senzhang , Cao Jiannong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the big data era, with the large volume of available data collected by various sensors deployed in urban areas and the recent advances in AI techniques, urban computing has become increasingly important to facilitate the improvement of people’s lives, city operation systems, and the environment. In this chapter, we introduce the challenges, methodologies, and applications of AI techniques for urban computing. We first introduce the background, followed by listing key challenges from the perspective of computer science when AI techniques are applied. Then we briefly introduce the AI techniques that are widely used in urban computing, including supervised learning, semi-supervised learning, unsupervised learning, matrix factorization, graphic models, deep learning, and reinforcement learning. With the recent advances of deep-learning techniques, models such as CNN and RNN have shown significant performance gains in many applications. Thus, we briefly introduce the deep-learning models that are widely used in various urban-computing tasks. Finally, we discuss the applications of urban computing including urban planning, urban transportation, location-based social networks (LBSNs), urban safety and security, and urban-environment monitoring. For each application, we summarize major research challenges and review previous work that uses AI techniques to address them.
Cellular Automata Modeling for Urban and Regional Planning
Authors: Yeh Anthony G. O. , Li Xia , Xia Chang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, cellular automata (CA) have become popular for evaluating and forecasting urban transformation over time and space, especially in rapidly developing countries. These models enhance the understanding of urban dynamics and the complex interplay between land-use changes and urban sustainability. CA help governments, planners, and stakeholders to predict and evaluate the potential outcomes of future policy alternatives before making decisions. Thus, CA are frequently used to create what-if scenarios for policy implementation. This chapter includes an overview of the basic and state-of-the-art concepts and methods in urban CA modeling, as well as the latest studies, applications, and current problems. First, we conduct a systematic review of urban CA modeling to provide critical comments on previous and recent studies. The basic techniques, including the components of a basic CA model, modifications for urban modeling, and collection of data sources, are then provided, along with a classification of different types of urban CA. Finally, the applications of CA in urban studies and planning practices are presented, as well as discussions of further research. We also point out the major problems in recent studies and applications for further research.
Spatial Economics, Urban Informatics, and Transport Accessibility
Authors: Jin Ying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne central pillar in the development of urban science which is key to the development of simulation of models of urban structure is spatial econometrics. In this chapter, we outline the way in which ideas pertaining to accessibility which we define conventionally, as in transport economics, as the relative nearness and size of locations to one another, can be embedded in a wider econometric framework. We are thus able to explore how GDP (gross domestic product) of different locations is influenced by different spatial investments. To illustrate this, we first outline the intellectual context, followed by a review of the most relevant econometric models. We examine the data required for such models and look at various quantifications in terms of elasticities of business productivity with respect to transport accessibility, using ordinary least squares, time-series fixed effects, and a range of dynamic panel-data models which narrow down the valid range of estimates. We then show how the model is applied to Guangdong province (with its connections to Hong Kong and Macau), which is one of the three major mega-city regions and a leading adopter of new technologies in China.
Solving puzzles in deformed JT gravity: phase transitions and non-perturbative effects
Authors: Johnson Clifford V. , Rosso Felipe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent work has shown that certain deformations of the scalar potential in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity can be written as double-scaled matrix models. However, some of the deformations exhibit an apparent breakdown of unitarity in the form of a negative spectral density at disc order. We show here that the source of the problem is the presence of a multi-valued solution of the leading order matrix model string equation. While for a class of deformations we fix the problem by identifying a first order phase transition, for others we show that the theory is both perturbatively and non-perturbatively inconsistent. Aspects of the phase structure of the deformations are mapped out, using methods known to supply a non-perturbative definition of undeformed JT gravity. Some features are in qualitative agreement with a semi-classical analysis of the phase structure of two-dimensional black holes in these deformed theories.
High-temperature electroweak symmetry breaking by SM twins
Authors: Matsedonskyi Oleksii 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We analyse a possible adjustment of Twin Higgs models allowing to have broken electroweak (EW) symmetry at all temperatures below the sigma-model scale ∼ 1 TeV. The modification consists of increasing the Yukawa couplings of the twins of light SM fermions. The naturalness considerations then imply a presence of relatively light electroweak-charged fermions, which can be produced at the LHC, and decay into SM gauge and Higgs bosons and missing energy. Analysis of experimental bounds shows that such a modified model features an increased amount of fine-tuning compared to the original Twin Higgs models, but still less tuning than the usual pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Higgs models not improved by Z2 twin symmetry. The obtained modification in the evolution of the EW symmetry breaking strength can, in particular, have interesting implications for models of EW baryogenesis, which we comment on.
Effect of the fiber orientation on the tensile and flexural behavior of continuous carbon fiber composites made via fused filament fabrication
Authors: Parmiggiani Alberto , Prato Mirko , Pizzorni Marco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent years have seen the wide diffusion of composite materials in many manufacturing fields and the rapid evolution of additive manufacturing. Lately, these technologies have been combined practically allowing the fabrication of continuous-fiber reinforced polymer parts via 3D-printing. This topic is gaining attention both in the research community and among industrial users. Because of their novelty, such manufacturing methods are, however, still not thoroughly understood, and their performance limits have not yet been fully characterized. This study aims at analyzing the mechanical resistance of components made with continuous carbon fiber (CCF) thermoplastic materials by means of fused filament fabrication (FFF), focusing on the influence of the fiber orientation on such properties. In particular, both the tensile and the bending characteristics are evaluated according to the relative test standards, in specimens with both unidirectional and mixed-isotropic configurations. The experimental findings are compared with a set of reference specimens made with a base polymer filled with chopped “short” carbon fibers, allowing one to appreciate the advantages or limitations of the different fiber arrangements.
A meta-synthesis of qualitative literature on female chronic pelvic pain for the development of a core outcome set: a systematic review
Authors:   CHORUS: An International Collaboration for Harmonising Outcomes, Research and Standards in Urogynaecology and Women’s Health, Ghai Vishalli , Subramanian Venkatesh , Jan Haider , Thakar Ranee , Doumouchtsis Stergios K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction and hypothesisQualitative research has an increasing role in the development of core outcome sets (COS) adding patient perspectives to the considerations of core outcomes. We aimed to identify priorities of women with experience of chronic pelvic pain (CPP).MethodsThe search strategy was a systematic review of qualitative studies identified from Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycInfo databases. Selection criteria were qualitative studies exploring the experience of women with CPP. Two independent researchers extracted data and summarized findings using thematic analysis. A CERQual assessment was performed to assess the confidence of review findings.ResultsWe identified pertinent issues affecting women with CPP including the lack of holistic care, influence of psychosocial factors and the impact of pain on quality of life. Five meta-themes central to delivering a patient-centred approach were highlighted: acceptance of pain, quality of life, management of CPP, communication and support. Management of CPP was the most commonly reported meta-theme across seven studies and half of studies reported quality of life, management, communication and support. Quality appraisal of included studies identified only a single study that met all CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) criteria. There was high confidence in the evidence for acceptance of pain, quality of life and communication meta-themes.ConclusionMeta-themes revealed by this review should be considered as a priority and reflected in outcomes reported by future studies evaluating interventions for CPP. In addition, these themes should be considered by clinicians managing women with CPP.
Validation of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) Score
Authors: Andersson Manne , Kolodziej Blanka , Andersson Roland E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with suspicion of appendicitis present with a wide range of severity. Score‐based risk stratification can optimise the management of these patients. This prospective study validates the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score in patients with suspicion of appendicitis.MethodConsecutive patients over the age of five with suspicion of appendicitis presenting at 25 Swedish hospital's emergency departments were prospectively included. The diagnostic properties of the AIR score are estimated.ResultsSome 3878 patients were included, 821 with uncomplicated and 724 with complicated appendicitis, 1986 with non‐specific abdominal pain and 347 with other diagnoses. The score performed better in detecting complicated appendicitis (ROC area 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88–0.90) versus 0.83 (CI 0.82–0.84) for any appendicitis, p < 0.001), in patients below age 15 years and in patients with >47 h duration of symptoms (ROC area 0.93, CI 0.90–0.95 for complicated and 0.87, CI 0.84–0.90 for any appendicitis in both categories). Complicated appendicitis is unlikely at AIR score <4 points (Negative Predictive Value 99%, CI 98–100%). Appendicitis is likely at AIR score >8 points, especially in young patients (positive predictive value (PPV) 96%, CI 90–100%) and men (PPV 89%, CI 84–93%).ConclusionsThe AIR score has high sensitivity for complicated appendicitis and identifies subgroups with low probability of complicated appendicitis or high probability of appendicitis. The discriminating capacity is high in children and patients with long duration of symptoms. It performs equally well in both sexes. This verifies the AIR score as a valid decision support.Trial registration numberhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00971438
Prostatic Artery Embolization (PAE) and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) have a Differential Impact on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS): Retrospective Analysis of the Multicentre UK-ROPE (UK Register of Prostate Embolization) Study
Authors: Vigneswaran Ganesh , Maclean Drew , Hadi Mohammed , Maher Benjamin , Modi Sachin , Bryant Timothy , Harris Mark , Hacking Nigel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the relative IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) improvement in storage and voiding symptoms between prostatic artery embolization (PAE) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Method
Retrospective analysis of the UK-ROPE (UK Register of Prostate Embolization) multicentre database was conducted with inclusion of all patients with full IPSS questionnaire score data. The voiding and storage subscore improvement was compared between interventions. Student’s t-test (paired and unpaired) and ANOVA (Analysis of variance) were used to identify significant differences between the groups.

Results
146 patients (121 PAE, 25 TURP) were included in the analysis. Storage symptoms were more frequently the most severe symptom (‘storage’ in 75 patients vs ‘voiding’ in 17 patients). Between groups, no significant difference was seen in raw storage subscore improvement (TURP 4.9 vs PAE 4.2; p = 0.34) or voiding subscore improvement (TURP 8.4 vs PAE 6.7; p = 0.1). ANOVA demonstrated a greater proportionate reduction (relative to total IPSS) towards voiding symptoms in the TURP group (27.3% TURP vs 9.9% PAE, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Although both TURP and PAE improve voiding symptoms more than storage, a significantly larger proportion of total symptom reduction is due to voiding in the TURP cohort, with PAE providing a more balanced improvement between voiding and storage.
CSF3R T618I, SETBP1 G870S, SRSF2 P95H, and ASXL1 Q780* tetramutation co-contribute to myeloblast transformation in a chronic neutrophilic leukemia
Authors: Qian Yi , Chen Yan , Li Xiaoming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare but serious myeloid malignancy. In a review of reported cases for WHO-defined CNL, CSF3R mutation is found in about 90% cases and confirmed as the molecular basis of CNL. Concurrent mutations are observed in CSF3R-mutated CNL patients, including ASXL1, SETBP1, SRSF2, JAK2, CALR, TET2, NRAS, U2AF1, and CBL. Both ASXL1 and SETBP1 mutations in CNL have been associated with a poor prognosis, whereas, SRSF2 mutation was undetermined. Our patient was a 77-year-old man and had no significant past medical history and symptoms with leukocytosis. Bone marrow (BM) aspirate and biopsy revealed a markedly hypercellular marrow with prominent left-shifted granulopoiesis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of DNA from the BM aspirate of a panel of 28 genes, known to be pathogenic in MDS/MPN, detected mutations in CSF3R, SETBP1, and SRSF2, and a diagnosis of CNL was made. The patient did not use a JAK-STAT pathway inhibitor (ruxolitinib) but started on hydroxyurea and alpha-interferon and developed pruritus after 4 months of diagnosis and nasal hemorrhage 1 month later. Then, the patient was diagnosed with CNL with AML transformation and developed intracranial hemorrhage and died. We repeated NGS and found that three additional mutations were detected: ASXL1, PRKDC, MYOM2; variant allele frequency (VAF) of the prior mutations in CSF3R, SETBP1, and SRSF2 increased. The concurrence of CSF3RT618I, ASXL1, SETBP1, and SRSF2 mutation may be a mutationally detrimental combination and contribute to disease progression and AML transformation, as well as the nonspecific treatment of hydroxyurea and alpha-interferon, but the significance and role of PRKDC and MYOM2 mutations were not undetermined.
Online-Untersuchungskurs statt Präsenzveranstaltung: Anpassung der studentischen Lehre im Medizinstudium während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Wiedenmann Cornelius , Wacker Katrin , Böhringer Daniel , Maier Philip , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDa Präsenzveranstaltungen im Sommersemester 2020 durch die Coronavirus-Disease-2019(COVID-19)-Pandemie nicht möglich waren, entwickelten wir einen Online-Untersuchungskurs.Ziel der ArbeitDie Studie untersuchte die Zufriedenheit der Student*innen mit dem Online-Untersuchungskurs und die Auswirkungen auf die praktische „Objective structured clinical examination“(OSCE)-Prüfung.Material und MethodenDer Online-Untersuchungskurs wurde als videobasiertes Tutorial nach dem SMART(Specific, Measurable, Activating, Reasonable, Time-bound)-Prinzip entwickelt und allen Student*innen des Blockpraktikums Augenheilkunde zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Student*innen benoteten am Ende des Semesters den Online-Untersuchungskurs mittels Online-Fragebogen auf einer Ordinalskala von 1 bis 6 und wurden um Freitextkommentare gebeten. Die relative Punktzahl der OSCE-Prüfung am Ende des Semesters wurde mit den Prüfungsergebnissen des vorangegangenen Semesters verglichen. Alle Auswertungen erfolgten anonymisiert.ErgebnisseEs beteiligten sich 67 der 164 Student*innen des Blockpraktikums an der Online-Evaluation (41 %). Die Student*innen fühlten sich auf die praktische Prüfung gut vorbereitet (Mittelwert 2,0; SD 1,0); 70 % der Student*innen (47 von 67) wünschten sich auch zukünftig die Möglichkeit eines digitalen Angebots in Ergänzung zur Lehre vor Ort. Die Prüfungsergebnisse im OSCE waren im Mittelwert mit einer Note von 1,1 sehr gut (SD 0,2;n = 164) und ähnlich zum vorangegangenen Semester (Mittelwert 1,1; SD 0,2;n = 166, zweiseitigert-Testp = 0,86).DiskussionDer Online-Untersuchungskurs erlaubt es den Student*innen, sich auf die OSCE-Prüfung vorzubereiten. Über die COVID-19-Pandemie hinaus kann die Bereitstellung eines Online-Untersuchungskurses eine gewinnbringende Ergänzung zur Präsenzlehre darstellen.
Neonatal brain abscess development following fetal scalp electrode placement: a rare complication
Authors: Fick T. , Woerdeman P. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA fetal scalp electrode (FSE) is a frequently used investigation during labor. However, it is an invasive procedure which can lead to complications. Our patient developed a very large brain abscess after initial superficial infection of the skin site due to an FSE. The patient was admitted to the hospital after an asymmetric growth of the skull was noticed with no further signs of clinical illness. MRI showed a very large brain abscess which was aspirated and treated with antibiotics for 10 weeks. A 2-year follow-up showed only a slight developmental delay in gross motor skills. Only once before a similar case has been described at which the patient developed a brain abscess after superficial infection of the scalp following an FSE. In both cases, the brain abscess was noticed due to an asymmetric growth of the skull without any further signs of clinical illness. A brain abscess has a high mortality and morbidity rate, and early diagnosis is vital for the optimal outcome. We therefore recommend to organize an out-patient clinical follow-up for every infant with a superficial infection of the skin site after placement of an FSE.