bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaporization and thermodynamics of the Cs2O–MoO3 system studied using high‐temperature mass spectrometry
Authors: Stolyarova Valentina L. , Vorozhtcov Viktor A. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Shugurov Sergey M. , Simonenko Elizaveta P. , Simonenko Nikolai P. , Masaki Kurata , Costa Davide 
Published: April 2021

RationaleCesium and molybdenum are fission products of uranium dioxide fuel in nuclear reactors, which interact with each other depending on the oxygen potential of the fuel. This leads to formation of various compounds of the Cs2O–MoO3 system, which are exposed to high temperatures during operation of a reactor or a severe accident at a nuclear power plant. This is why the study of the vaporization and thermodynamics of compounds in the Cs2O–MoO3 system is important.MethodsSynthesis of the compounds in the Cs2O–MoO3 system was carried out by sintering Cs2MoO4 and MoO3. Characterization of the samples was accomplished with the use of XRD, TGA/DSC/DTA, IR spectroscopy, and ICP emission spectroscopy. Vaporization of the samples under study was carried out from a platinum effusion cell using an MS‐1301 mass spectrometer developed for high‐temperature studies of low‐volatility substances.ResultsThe temperature dependences of partial pressures of vapor species were determined over pure MoO3 and Cs2MoO4 in the ranges 870–1000 K and 1030–1198 K, respectively. MoO3, Mo2O6, Mo3O9, Mo4O12, and Mo5O15 were shown to be the main vapor species over the Cs2O–MoO3 system in the temperature range 850–1020 K. The component activities, Gibbs energies of mixing, and excess Gibbs energies were obtained as functions of the component concentration at 900, 950, and 1000 K.ConclusionsThe thermodynamic properties of the Cs2O–MoO3 system found in the study evidenced negative deviations from ideality. The MoO3 and Cs2MoO4 partial molar enthalpies of mixing, the Cs2MoO4 partial vaporization enthalpy, and the total enthalpy of mixing in the Cs2O–MoO3 system at 1000 K were obtained for the first time.
Disturbance decoupling by state feedback for uncertain impulsive linear systems
Authors: Conte Giuseppe , Perdon Anna Maria , Otsuka Naohisa , Zattoni Elena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe problem of making the output of a linear system with polytopic uncertainties and discontinuities in the state evolution totally insensitive to an unknown disturbance input by state feedback is investigated. Suitable geometric notions are introduced and used to provide a structural, constructive solvability condition. The requirement of achieving global robust asymptotic stability of the compensated dynamics is then added and further solvability conditions are provided by requiring that the time instants at which discontinuities in the state evolution, or jumps, occur are sufficiently far from each other.
Ermittlung von Inspektionsintervallen für Rissprüfungen an historischen genieteten Eisenbahnbrücken auf Basis der Bruchmechanik – Teil 2
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Derler Christoph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEine konventionelle Restlebensdauerbeurteilung, auf Basis von Ermüdungs‐Festigkeitslinien (Wöhlerlinien), führt bei historischen genieteten Eisenbahnbrücken meist zu konservativen und unwägbaren Ergebnissen wegen des großen Einflusses der Ermüdungsschädigung aus der Vergangenheit, für die die Betriebszüge meist nur unzureichend bekannt sind. Für eine repräsentative einfeldrige Fachwerkbrücke erfolgte eine alternative Vorgehensweise auf Basis der Bruchmechanik, mit vorheriger Kalibrierung eines zutreffenden Bruchmechanikmodells anhand von Schwingversuchen an ausgebauten historischen und künstlich gekerbten Fahrbahnträgern sowie Betriebskollektiven aus simulierten Betriebszugsüberfahrten. Darauf wurde in Teil 1 dieses Beitrags eingegangen. Bei vorausgesetzten Anfangsrisslängen, die im Zuge einer konventionellen Brückenprüfung feststellbar sind, lassen sich Restlebensdauern für die einzelnen Bauteile – bis zur Gefahr eines plötzlichen Sprödbruchs – ermitteln und daraus sinnvolle Inspektionsintervalle ableiten. Dies ist nun der Inhalt von Teil 2 dieses Beitrags, wobei umfangreiche Parametervariationen im Zuge dieser Untersuchung eine Verallgemeinerung der Ergebnisse für andere historische genietete Eisenbahnbrücken erlauben.
Experimental study on bond‐slip constitutive relation of SSSCFST columns
Authors: Yu Feng , Fang Yuan , Niu Kang , Zhang Yang , Chen Taiyao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the bond‐slip tests of six self‐stressing steel slag concrete filled steel tubular (SSSCFST) columns. The effects of the self‐stressing (expansion ratio) of steel slag concrete (SSC), diameter‐thickness ratio and confinement factor on bond‐slip behaviors are analyzed, and the bond‐slip mechanism of the SSSCFST columns is revealed. According to the static equilibrium condition, an analytical model for predicting the ultimate inter‐facial bond strength is put forward considering the influence of self‐stressing between steel tube and SSC, and a simplified formula for conveniently evaluating the bond load of the SSSCFST columns is suggested based on the regression analysis of test data. In addition, a bond‐slip constitutive model of SSSCFST columns is established, and the distribution law of the longitudinal compressive stress, inter‐facial bond stress, and relative slip are obtained. Three formulas for estimating the bond slip stiffness, the slip value corresponding to the ultimate bond strength, and the bond stress of load invariant stage are proposed respectively depending on the regression analysis of test data. Eventually, a simplified three‐stage bond‐slip constitutive relation of SSSCFST columns is suggested.
Perception of complexity in engineering design
Authors: Grogan Paul T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper evaluates perception of complexity in a novel explanatory model that relates product performance and engineering effort. Complexity is an intermediate factor with two facets: it enables desired product performance but also requires effort to achieve. Three causal mechanisms explain how exponential growth bias, excess complexity, and differential perception lead to effort overruns. Secondary data from a human subject experiment validates the existence of perception of complexity as a context‐dependent factor that influences required design effort. A two‐level mixed effects regression model quantifies differences in perception among 40 design groups. Results summarize how perception of complexity may contribute to effort overruns and outline future work to further validate the explanatory model and causal mechanisms.
N‐donor‐induced Two Co(II) Coordination Polymers Derived from the Flexible Citraconic Acid as Photocatalysts for the Decomposition of Organic Dyes
Authors: Li Gui‐Lian , Yin Wei‐Dong , Liu Qian‐Long , Gong Xiao‐Ru , Zhao Ya‐Jing , Liu Guang‐Zhen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo Co(II) coordination polymers, {[Co(ca)(bpe)(H2O)] ⋅ H2O}n (1) and [Co(ca)(bibp)]n (2) (H2ca=citraconic acid, bpe=1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene, bibp=4,4′‐bis(imidazolyl)biphenyl) were prepared by hydrothermal reactions, and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions, elemental analysis, FT‐IR, PXRD and TGA. Compound 1 shows a 2D grid layer containing Co‐carboxylate chains. Compound 2 exhibits a three‐dimensional metal‐organic framework with the dia topology type and 66 topology symbol. Both compounds have high thermal stabilities and good phase purity. The photocatalytic reactions of two compounds were investigated under UV irradiation in the presence of H2O2, and the results show that both compounds are highly efficient photocatalysts for MB and RhB degradation, which may be used as potential materials for wastewater treatment.
Mapping Vulnerability to Weather Extremes: Heat and Flood Assessment Approaches
Authors: Hamstead Zoé A. , Sauer Jason 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAssessing present social and biophysical conditions of communities that are at risk of injury due to extreme weather events is an important component of creating future visions of resilience. Spatial patterns of vulnerability to extreme events are manifestations of structural injustice that leave their mark on the built environment and in socio-spatial segregation patterns. Socio-spatial inequity often arises from development practices that favor particular racial and ethnic social groups over others. These segregation patterns are aligned with patterns of exposure to pollution, extreme weather events, and other types of environmental hazards. Spatial vulnerability assessments can be powerful tools for prioritizing where and how cities should make investments for mitigating the impacts of extreme events, and can provide an entry point for asking more fundamental questions about the processes that produce patterns of climate inequity, as well as how to avoid reproducing such processes in the future. Maps express uneven distributions of risk and manifestations of structural inequality in social–ecological–technological systems (SETS). They enable communities to visualize distributional injustice, consider ways in distributions that may be misaligned with cultural values, and develop adaptive practices toward climate justice. Here, we demonstrate approaches for assessing vulnerability to extreme flooding and heat, and show how vulnerability distributions are embedded in landscape patterns that produce uneven risk.
International Organizations and Food: Nearing the End of the Lean Season?
Authors: Wolkenhauer Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter maps the field of international organizations (IOs) in food that has been institutionalized as a global policy field since WWII and has undergone several shifts since then. The chapter traces the emergence of the major IOs of the field, especially the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Bank, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the World Food Program, and more recently also the International Labor Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund. The second half of the twentieth century began with visionary ideas about the global regulation of food production and consumption, moved to a concern with smallholders and food security, and ended with a neoliberal shift away from production toward ensuring consumption through world trade. The new millennium is marked by a rhetorical consensus between the main IOs, new debates about production, hopes in the social protection agenda, as well as increasingly vocal organized critics of the dominant order.
Theoretische Grundlagen: Beitrag der soziologischen Systemtheorie
Authors: Schwarting Rena 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund des Fehlens von genuin organisationssoziologisch angeleiteten Studien zu vormodernen Fällen der Organisationsbildung begründe ich im Folgenden die Wahl eines systemtheoretischen Zugangs. Die Ausgangsvermutung dieser Arbeit ist, dass sich mit der Gründung des RKG am Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts die Strukturbedingungen der höchsten Rechtsprechung von der Interaktion unter Anwesenden auf formale Organisation umstellten.
Characterizing Urban Mobility Patterns: A Case Study of Mexico City
Authors: Melikov Pierre , Kho Jeremy A. , Fighiera Vincent , Alhasoun Fahad , Audiffred Jorge , Mateos José L. , González Marta C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeamless access to destinations of value such as workplaces, schools, parks or hospitals, influences the quality of life of people all over the world. The first step to planning and improving proximity to services is to estimate the number of trips being made from different parts of a city. A challenge has been representative data available for that purpose. Relying on expensive and infrequently collected travel surveys for modeling trip distributions to facilities has slowed down the decision-making process. The growing abundance of data already collected, if analyzed with the right methods, can help us with planning and understanding cities. In this chapter, we examine human mobility patterns extracted from data passively collected. We present results on the use of points of interest (POIs) registered on Google Places to approximate trip attraction in a city. We compare the result of trip distribution models that utilize only POIs with those utilizing conventional data sets, based on surveys. We show that an extended radiation model provides very good estimates when compared with the official origin–destination matrices from the latest census in Mexico City.
Urban Sensing with Spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: Liang Hongyu , Xu Wenbin , Ding Xiaoli , Zhang Lei , Wu Songbo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSynthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric SAR (InSAR) are state-of-the-art radar remote sensing technologies and are very useful for urban remote sensing. The technologies have some very special characteristics compared to optical remote sensing and are especially advantageous in cloudy regions due to the ability of the microwave radar signals used by the current SAR sensors to penetrate clouds. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of SAR, differential InSAR, and multi-temporal InSAR, and their typical applications in urban remote sensing. Examples of applying the various InSAR techniques in generating DEMs and monitoring ground and infrastructure deformation are given. The capabilities and limitations of InSAR techniques in urban remote sensing are briefly discussed.
Photogrammetry for 3D Mapping in Urban Areas
Authors: Wu Bo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhotogrammetry is the technology for obtaining 3D geometric information from photographs or images. This chapter describes the fundamental knowledge and latest advances in photogrammetry for 3D mapping in urban areas. First, the key fundamental techniques in photogrammetry for deriving 3D information from imagery are presented. Then, the latest advances in photogrammetry for 3D mapping in urban areas, including structure-from-motion (SfM), multi-view stereo (MVS), and integrated 3D mapping from multiple-source data, are described and discussed. Examples of using photogrammetry for 3D mapping and modeling in urban applications are presented. Finally, concluding remarks and future outlooks are addressed.
Mobile Mapping Technologies
Authors: Chiang Kai Wei , Tsai Guang-Je , Zeng Jhih Cing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter introduces the historic development as well as the latest progress of mobile mapping systems. First, mobile mapping technologies, including the introduction of positioning and mapping sensors, and how they can be integrated together, are briefly reviewed. Then the development of land-based, aerial, marine, and mobile portable mapping platforms is presented. The latest progress in mobile-mapping technologies is further discussed, along with sensor fusion schemes, seamless indoor and outdoor mapping strategies, and disaster response applications. In addition, this chapter explores future and potential applications, such as high-definition (HD) maps and autonomous mapping with autonomous systems.
Defining Urban Science
Authors: Batty Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis introductory chapter provides a brief overview of the theories and models that constitute what has come to be called urban science. Explaining and measuring the spatial structure of the city in terms of its form and function is one of the main goals of this science. It provides links between the way various theories about how the city is formed, in terms of its economy and social structure, and how these theories might be transformed into models that constitute the operational tools of urban informatics. First the idea of the city as a system is introduced, and then various models pertaining to the forces that determine what is located where in the city are presented. How these activities are linked to one another through flows and networks are then introduced. These models relate to formal models of spatial interaction, the distribution of the sizes of different cities, and the qualitative changes that take place as cities grow and evolve to different levels. Scaling is one of the major themes uniting these different elements grounding this science within the emerging field of complexity. We then illustrate how we might translate these ideas into operational models which are at the cutting edge of the new tools that are being developed in urban informatics, and which are elaborated in various chapters dealing with modeling and mobility throughout this book.
Cultivating Urban Big Data
Authors: Xiao Ningchuan , Miller Harvey J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUrban big data often contain spatial and temporal elements that have increasingly become an integral part of various applications and projects such as smart mobility, smart city, and other digitally enhanced urban infrastructure. It is critical to develop an open and collaborative environment so that these data can be used by a wide range of users. This chapter first discusses some characteristics and sources of urban big data. Three hypothetical user stories are described to highlight the potential of these data. After describing the internal data structure of these data and techniques that can be used to retrieve the data, we discuss the difficulty in making the data useful for the general public and elaborate on a self-organizing agile approach to developing an urban big data infrastructure.
Spatial Search
Authors: Di Liping , Yu Eugene G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUrban studies concern the evolution of spatial structure in cities, where information is often tied to location. The discovery of information is in a high-dimensional space based on spatial and temporal dimensions, where the spatial relationships of components play roles in studying urban evolution. Spatial search in urban studies has to deal with diverse aspects of data structures (structured versus unstructured), data spatial context (implicit versus explicit), data spatial relationships (containment versus intersection), data volume (large volume versus large variety), spatial search speed (speed against different requirements), and spatial search accuracy (exactness versus relevance). This chapter reviews the technology in mining and extracting spatial information into urban geographic information systems, spatially indexing the urban information for effective spatially aware search, spatial relationships and their search algorithms, improving spatial relevance with different spatial similarity measures and algorithms, and open standards and interoperability in spatial search in the Web environment. Emerging technologies for spatial search in urban studies are also reviewed. Applications of spatial search in urban studies are exemplified and evaluated.
Urban IoT: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities for Mass Data Collection, Analysis, and Visualization
Authors: Hudson-Smith Andrew , Wilson Duncan , Gray Steven , Dawkins Oliver 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUrban Internet of Things (IoT) is in an early speculative phase. Often linked to the smart city movement, it provides a way of sensing and collecting data—environmental, societal, and transitional—both automatically, remotely, and with increasing levels of spatial and temporal detail. From city-wide data collection down to the scale of individual buildings and rooms, this chapter details the technology behind the rise of IoT in urban areas and explores the challenges (societal and technical) behind city-wide deployments. Drawing from a series of deployments at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London, it details the challenges and opportunities for mass data collection. Widening out the view, it looks at what is becoming known as “the humble lamp post” in Urban IoT fields to detail the potential of Urban IoT with the objects that already form part of the urban fabric. Finally, it examines the potential of Urban IoT for input into urban modeling and how we are on the edge of a shift in the collection, analysis, and communication of urban data.
MacMahon KZ equation for Ding-Iohara-Miki algebra
Authors: Cheewaphutthisakun Panupong , Kanno Hiroaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We derive a generalized Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation for the correlation function of the intertwiners of the vector and the MacMahon representations of Ding-Iohara-Miki algebra. These intertwiners are cousins of the refined topological vertex which is regarded as the intertwining operator of the Fock representation. The shift of the spectral parameter of the intertwiners is generated by the operator which is constructed from the universal R matrix. The solutions to the generalized KZ equation are factorized into the ratio of two point functions which are identified with generalizations of the Nekrasov factor for supersymmetric quiver gauge theories.
SPECIAL VINBERG CONES
Authors: ALEKSEEVSKY D. V. , CORTÉS V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the generalization of the Vinberg theory of homogeneous convex cones. Such a cone is described as the set of “positive definite matrices” in the Vinberg commutative algebra ℋn of Hermitian T-matrices. These algebras are a generalization of Euclidean Jordan algebras and consist of n × n matrices A = (aij), where aii ∈ ℝ, the entry aij for i < j belongs to some Euclidean vector space (Vij ; 𝔤) and $$ {a}_{ji}={a}_{ij}^{\ast }=\mathfrak{g}\left({a}_{ij},\cdot \right)\in {V}_{ij}^{\ast } $$

a
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=

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=
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ij

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∗

belongs to the dual space $$ {V}_{ij}^{\ast }. $$

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.
The multiplication of T-Hermitian matrices is defined by a system of “isometric” bilinear maps Vij × Vjk → Vij ; i < j < k, such that |aij ⋅ ajk| = |aij| ⋅ |aik|, alm ∈ Vlm. For n = 2, the Hermitian T-algebra ℋn= ℋ2 (V) is determined by a Euclidean vector space V and is isomorphic to a Euclidean Jordan algebra called the spin factor algebra and the associated homogeneous convex cone is the Lorentz cone of timelike future directed vectors in the Minkowski vector space ℝ1,1⊕ V . A special Vinberg Hermitian T-algebra is a rank 3 matrix algebra ℋ3(V; S) associated to a Clifford Cl(V )-module S together with an “admissible” Euclidean metric 𝔤S.We generalize the construction of rank 2 Vinberg algebras ℋ2(V ) and special Vinberg algebras ℋ3(V; S) to the pseudo-Euclidean case, when V is a pseudo-Euclidean vector space and S = S0 ⊕ S1 is a ℤ2-graded Clifford Cl(V )-module with an admissible pseudo-Euclidean metric. The associated cone 𝒱 is a homogeneous, but not convex cone in ℋm; m = 2; 3. We calculate the characteristic function of Koszul-Vinberg for this cone and write down the associated cubic polynomial. We extend Baez’ quantum-mechanical interpretation of the Vinberg cone 𝒱2 ⊂ ℋ2(V ) to the special rank 3 case.