bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antidandruff Activities of Leaf Extract of Artemisia indica
Authors: Dahal Pragyan , Bista Govinda , Dahal Prasanna 
Published: December 2021

Background:

Artemisia indica is a traditionally used medicinal plant in the treatment of various conditions such as loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, antimalarial infection, dermal wound infection, etc.

Objectives:
This study aims to determine the presence of phytochemical content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidandruff activity of leaf extract of A. indica.

Materials and Methods:
Dried ground leaves were subjected to a cold extraction method using an absolute concentration of methanol, ethanol, and water. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin content was estimated by using a linear regression equation from the calibration curve and expressed in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and rutin equivalent (RE). Antioxidant properties were determined using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide assay, and their IC50 values were calculated. The antibacterial activity was tested using the agar well diffusion method against the common five pathogenic strains, and the zone of inhibition is compared with gentamicin (1 mg/mL) as a positive control. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was obtained by the microbroth dilution method. The antidandruff assay was performed on Malassezia furfur by the disk diffusion method into Sabouraud dextrose agar overlaid with 1 mL of olive oil, and the MIC value was determined by the microtiter plate method.

Results:
The result showed that the Artemisia methanolic extract represents ample content of phenolics (248±3.29 mg/g of GAE), flavonoids (222.33±4.41 mg/g of RE), and proanthocyanidin (222.83±1.62 mg/g of RE equivalent). The antioxidant assay revealed that methanolic extract has the highest radical scavenging activity followed by aqueous extract and then ethanolic extract. The antibacterial activity of leaf extract shows MIC value ranging from 6 to 25 μg/mL against various human pathogenic bacteria. The antidandruff assay showed that MIC value of methanolic extract is lesser than that of ethanolic extract (350<400) mg/mL.

Conclusion:
The results concluded that leaf extract of A. indica contains phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidin and exhibits adequate antibacterial, antidandruff, and antioxidant activity.
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in some rheumatological diseases (case–control study)
Authors: Ahmed Amany S. , Zaghloul Mohammad I. , Abutaleb Faten A.S. , El-Deeb Ali E. 
Published: December 2021

Background
The incidence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, is often underestimated. Noninvasive imaging modalities such as musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) are used to evaluate the TMJ.

Aim
This study was conducted to determine the affection of TMJ in some rheumatological diseases using MSUS.

Patients and methods
The study included 50 participants divided into two groups: group I included 40 patients (80 TMJ joints) with four rheumatological diseases, and group II included 10 apparently healthy persons (20 TMJ joints) matched in age and sex with the patients, chosen as a control group. All patients were diagnosed clinically and through laboratory investigations. Thereafter, they were assessed for pain degree by visual analog scale (VAS); disease activity using disease activity score-28, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index; functionally using Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, and Fonseca questionnaire; and underwent imaging assessment using panoramic radiography and musculoskeletal ultrasonography.

Results
Erosions were detected in 12.5% of the examined TMJs by panoramic radiography, whereas they were detected in 32.5% by MSUS. TMJ effusion and disc displacement could not be detected by panoramic radiography, whereas effusion was detected by MSUS in 23.8% of the examined TMJs and disc displacement was detected in 27.5%.

Conclusion
MSUS is more sensitive in detection of TMJ affection than panorama x-ray. Radiographic pathological findings by MSUS and panorama x-rays were more in temporomandibular joint disorders of patients with rheumatoid arthritis followed by systemic lupus erythematosus and then osteoarthritis, and finally, psoriatic arthritis.
Optical coherence tomography angiography of ill-defined choroidal neovascularization with fluorescein angiography
Authors: Yonis Doaa A.E. , Wasfy Tamer E. , Atef Mohamed S.E. , Serag Yasser R. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is used to diagnose choroidal neovascularization (CNV). It can detect blood flow at different levels using an en face platform and directly provides morphological identification of pathological microvascular lesions. CNV results in the growth of blood vessels from the choroid mediated by Bruch's in the subretinal pigment epithelium or subretinal area.

Aims
This study was done to study the morphological structure of ill-defined CNV with fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) by OCTA.

Patients and methods
This prospective cross-sectional, nonrandomized, noninterventional study that was done on 48 eyes of 35 patients who were diagnosed to have CNV by FFA, OCT, and OCTA imaging was performed using Topcon Corp. On OCTA imaging, the fovea was used. After full history and complete ophthalmologic examination, FA, OCT, and OCTA was done for all patients after papillary dilatation with Mydrapid eye drops.

Results
OCTA was superior to FFA in detection of clear vascular network, the exact location, and classification of CNV. It showed a statistically significant difference (P=0.001). Occult CNV and CNV suspicious in FFA appeared mainly as type I that had more volumetric angiographic information of CNV in choriocapillaris.

Conclusion
OCTA is better at detecting the exact type and location of ill-defined CNV (occult type-I CNV) compared with FFA and for defining the vascular network with high accuracy. It was able to aid in making the diagnosis in cases where evidence of CNV is uncertain following FFA.
Slovenian Music in its Central European Context: the 20th-century experience
Authors: O'Loughlin Niall 
Published: December 2021

Slovenia has had a rich and varied musical histoiy, despite the fact that it was part of the Habsburg Empire and then a constituent part of Yugoslavia. Its recent smooth transition to independence and its realignment with Central Europe have been noteworthy. In the past, Slovene or part-Slovene composers such as Gallus, Tartini and Wolf worked abroad, while in the 20th century composers normally returned to Slovenia after studying abroad. For example, Marij Kogoj and Slavko Osterc studied in Central Europe and maintained a strong musical connection with Central European modernism in the 1920s and 1930s. Kogoj's strong links with Viennese expressionism were well expressed in the opera Črne maskeof 1927, while Osterc's connections with Hindemith, Honegger and others is evident in the opera Krog s kredo and orchestral works such as Mouvement symphonique. On the other hand, Kozina, Arnič and Škerjanc developed a less advanced style and kept less contact with the rest of Europe. The political situation in the 1940s and 1950s made outside travel difficult, changing the situation dramatically. Composers such as Ramovš and Uroš Krek had different experiences: Ramovš managed to study with Frazzi and Casella in Italy, while Krek did not study abroad. Both, however, produced works in a distinctive neo-classical style that typified the immediate post-war period. Ivo Petrić's music follows the styles of Prokofiev and Shostakovich. From the late 1950s onwards the situation changed with strong contacts with Croatia, Poland and countries of the West: France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States in particular. This contact encouraged the emergence of a new avant-garde in Slovenia in the 1960s with such composers as Petrić, Ramovš, Lebič, Jež, Božič, Matičič, Globokar, Stibilj and Štuhec coming into prominence. Later they were joined by Pavel Mihelčič and Maks Strmčnik. Matičič and Globokar mostly stayed abroad, while Stibilj returned permanently later. In the decades before and after independence in 1991, a new generation of composers became established, with the most advanced composition by Aldo Kumar, Uroš Rojko, Tomaž Svete, Brina Jež-Brezavšček and Nenad Firšt. Postmodern tendencies are found in the music of Jani Golob and Marko Mihevc. Ali these composers are providing the Slovene musical scene with a wide variety of distinctive music that is both challenging and interesting.
Experiences and ways PLWHA deal with their lives
Authors: Kiwanuka Anthony , Walakira Eddy , Kaawa-Mafigiri David 
Published: December 2021

The issue of HIV and AIDS and people living with HIV and AIDS is very sensitive which needs great attention. The population of infected individuals seems not to seek help and health services due to their illness. The barriers which prevent this population experience the meaning of social construction of their illness. The main objective of this study is to understand the day-to-day lives and the ways PLWHA deals with their lives. Qualitative method and participatory action research were used to gather information. The study found out that PLWHA have much to fight for in the complex and frightening areas of HIV research and treatment. Though there have been lacking scientific skills, all PLWHA can bring unique experiences and perspectives to an open discussion. The study concluded that facing the challenges of working with HIV and AIDS–individuals; consider the participatory research approach because it can reach out to individuals, groups and organizations.It was recommended that the ultimate goals of AIDS treatment and research activism are to accelerate scientific research knowledge that contributes towards cure, and to win an early widespread access to treatment for everyone infected with HIV. Developing a well-designed research can help PLWHA learn how to ask themselves different questions and ask if the medical and research establishments will address their concerns.
Keywords: Health Services;, seeking behavior; persons living with HIV.
Clinical profile and initial treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study at the Uganda Cancer Institute
Authors: Kibudde Solomon , James Kirenga Bruce , Nabwana Martin , Okuku Fred , Walusansa Victoria , Orem Jackson 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Lung cancer is a major global public health burden constituting 11.6% of all new cancer diagnoses and 18.4% of all cancer-related mortality.
Purpose: To describe the clinical profile and initial treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in Uganda.
Methods: We reviewed charts of a cohort of patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer, treated between January 2013 and November 2015 at the Uganda Cancer Institute.
Results: A total of 74 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 56 years (IQR 47-70), with 16.2% below the age 45 years, and 51% were female. Only 10 percent were active smokers and the most frequent histological subtype was adenocarcinoma (71%). The majority (91.9%) had stage IV disease at diagnosis and frequent metastases to contralateral lung, liver, and bones. Twenty-seven (27) patients received platinum-based chemotherapy, while 27 patients received erlotinib, and only 4 patients received palliative thoracic radiotherapy. The median survival time was 12.4 months, and the overall response rate was 32.7%. There was no survival difference by type of systemic treatment, and on multivariate analysis, poor performance status was predictive of adverse outcomes (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Uganda frequently presented with late-stage disease at diagnosis. The majority of patients were female, never-smokers, and had predominantly adenocarcinoma subtype.
Keywords: Non-small cell lung cancer; Uganda; erlotinib; lung cancer; Uganda Cancer Institute.
A systemic review of barriers to accessing paediatric eye care services in African countries
Authors: Hassan Alrasheed Saif 
Published: December 2021

Background: Global estimate reported that 1.4 million children are blind of which three-quarters live in developing countries. Childhood Visual Impairment is a major public health problem globally especially in rural areas of developing countries.Objective: To review barriers to accessing paediatric eye care services in African countriesMethods: The studies in this review were searched in online databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, ProQuest, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus and Medline) for studies published between January 2000 and April 2020. The articles included in this review, which was conducted in Africa to assess the barriers for accessing paediatric eye care services with regards availability, accessibility, affordability, socio cultural barriers of parents/caregivers and community.Results: Of 22 705 articles screened, the study found 29 publications from 10 African countries which met the inclusion criteria. The main barriers were non-availability, non-accessibility, and non-affordability of paediatric eye care services. The studies reviewed revealed that there are other factors affecting the utilization of paediatric eye services which include the primary health system, geographic barriers, health beliefs, perception of parents; lack of knowledge, attitudes and practices about paediatric eye care. Furthermore, environmental, demographic barriers and socio-economic status has negative impact on accessing paediatric eye care services in African counties.Conclusion: The main barriers to accessing paediatric eye care services in Africa were affordability, accessibility and availability. There is therefore a need for all relevant stakeholders to play a significant role in addressing barriers to child eye carein African countries.
Keywords: Paediatric eye care; Africa; availability; accessibility; affordability; visual impairment; refractive errors.
Comparison of chest HRCT severity score in PCR positive and PCR negative clinically suspected COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Hanif Mughal Hina , Muhammad Jawad Zaidi Syed , Waqar Bhatti Hamza , Maryum Madiha , Khaliq Maria , Khan Nasir , Kaneez Mehwish 
Published: December 2021

Background: The limitations and false-negative results of Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) in diagnosing COVID-19 infection demand the need for imaging modalities such as chest HRCT to improve the diagnostic accuracy andassess the severity of the infection.
Objectives: The study aimed to compare the chest HRCT severity scores in RT-PCR positive and negative cases of COVID-19.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 clinically suspected COVID-19 patients. Chest HRCT and PCR testing of all 50 patients were done and the chest HRCT severity scores for each lung and bronchopulmonary segments were compared in patients with positive and negative PCR results. Chi-square and Mann Whitney U test were used to assess differences among study variables.
Results: Chest HRCT severity score was more in PCR negative patients than in those with PCR positive results . However, the difference was not significant (p=0.11). There was a significant association in severity scores of the anterior basal segment of the left lung (p=0.022) and posterior segment upper lobe of right lung (p=0.035) with PCR results. This association was insignificantfor other bronchopulmonary segments (p>0.05).
Conclusion: CR negativity does not rule out infection in clinically suspected COVID-19 patients. The use of chest HRCT helps to determine the extent of lung damage in clinically suspected patients irrespective of PCR results. Guidelines that consider clinical symptoms, chest HRCT severity score and PCR results for a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in suspected patientsare needed.
Keywords: Chest High resolution computed tomography (HRCT); COVID-19; Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
The impact of COVID-19 on trade relations between Russia and Spain: contributions from the Iberian country
Authors: Vallina Rodríguez A. , Camarero Bullon C. , Moreno  Bueno T. 
Published: December 2021

It is undeniable to note that the ties between countries, especially cultural, historical, economic and geopolitical, are rooted in the political foundations that have been laid between nations and countries throughout the process of shaping what today is known as international relations, a discipline that has become one of the most relevant for understanding the contemporary world. Starting from the premise that human groups, and hence the forms of their organization, permanently establish social links and interactions that constitute the dynamic substrate of all societies, it would be appropriate to analyze how they materialize in a specific bilateral sphere, for which a key aspect of mutual economic interests between the Russian Federation and Spain has been chosen. From an economic perspective and through the analysis of statistics on foreign trade of goods, foreign investment and trade barriers, this research will address the evolution of trade relations over the last five years, focusing on the international trade situation that has occurred since the global COVID-19 pandemic and created a multiplicity of opportunities and challenges for trade and investment between the two states in health sector.
Relations between Brazil and Spain under the Bolsonaro’s government
Authors: Esteves A. L. 
Published: December 2021

In this article the author examines in detail the bilateral relations between Spain and Brazil during the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro. In addition, the subject of this article is the opposition of EU governments to the environmental policies of the South American country and the disastrous policies of the Brazilian authorities in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. President Bolsonaro’s negligence of climate change and Amazon deforestation has prompted European governments to openly oppose the ratification of the Mercosur – EU Free Trade Agreement, which was signed in 2019 after 20 years of negotiations. In May 2016, the parties agreed on reciprocal terms, resulting in signing of the agreement. It also included the exchange of goods and services, essential investments and public procurements. All this was done in the context of a global policy of protectionism amid a weakening role of the WTO as a supporter of the trade liberalization process. Despite its success, countries such as France, Austria and the Netherlands stand against the Mercosur – EU trade deal, which can halt its ratification. The Spanish government, on the contrary, is lobbying for ratification of the agreement. Madrid, interested in benefiting from the Bolsonaro government’s liberal economic policies, maintains strong ties with its South American partner. The author analyzes the transformation of Spain from a relatively irrelevant partner of Brazil in the 20th century to one of the main investors directing significant resources to the Brazilian economy. We also assess the results and challenges of the Brazil – Spain strategic partnership in a broader context of the Brazil – EU relations.
МЕТОДИКА ОБОБЩЁННОЙ ЧИСЛЕННОЙ
ОРГАНОЛЕПТИЧЕСКОЙ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА НАТУРАЛЬНЫХ
СИДРОВ, ОБОГАЩЁННЫХ СИРОПАМИ ИЗ ДИКОРАСТУЩИХ
ПЛОДОВ И ЯГОД
Authors: Кошкина А. , Альшевский Д. Л. 
Published: December 2021

Для органолептической оценки качества и вкуса сидра с различными рецептурными
компонентами были разработаны две оценочные таблицы. Одна из таблиц позволяет оценить
общее впечатление о продукте и дать ему качественную оценку, вторая предназначена для
выявления основных вкусо-ароматических нот в сидре и установить типичные привкусы
вносимых сиропов из дикорастущего сырья, аналогично винному и кофейному колесу
ароматов.
Technological Factors and Adoption of the Unified Identification System (UIDS) Among Government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) In Uganda; A Quantitative Perspective
Authors:  Mpangwire Violah , Ejiri Annabella , Kaggwa Fred 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The study sought to examine the relationship between technological factors and UID system's adoption among MDAs in Uganda.
Methodology: A positivist paradigm and cross-section design were adopted with a sample of 97 MDAs generated from a population of 130 government MDAs. MDAs were stratified and randomly selected from each stratum. The heads of department and permanent secretaries/CEOs formed the unit of inquiry that was purposively selected. Self-administered questionnaire with closed-ended questions aided data collection. Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression techniques were used for data analysis.
Findings: It was established that technological factors are positively associated with the adoption of the UID system among MDAs in Uganda. The study recommends MDAs to address all technological factors to enhance the adoption of the UID system.
Contribution to policy and practice: The study significantly contributes to a large body of knowledge in the adoption of information systems in the public sector that has been less investigated in developing countries like Uganda.
Government by Algorithm: Artificial Intelligence in Federal Administrative Agencies, a Case of USA
Authors: Shaheen Rubina , Kasi Mir 
Published: December 2021

The report gives a presents use of artificial intelligence in few administrative agencies. In-depth thematic analysis of some institution, have been conducted to review the current trends. In thematic analysis, 12 institutions have been selected and described the details of the institutions using artificial intelligence in different departments. These analyses yielded five major findings. First, the government has a wide application of Artificial Intelligence toolkit traversing the federal administrative and state. Almost half of the federal agencies evaluated (45%) has used AI and associated machine learning (ML) tools. Also, AI tools are already enhancing agency strategies in the full span of governance responsibilities, such as keeping regulatory assignments bordering on market efficiency, safety in workplace, health care, and protection of the environmental, protecting the privileges and benefits of the government ranging from intellectual properties to disability, accessing, verifying and analyzing all risks to public safety and health, Extracting essential data from the data stream of government including complaints by consumer and the communicating with citizens on their rights, welfare, asylum seeking and business ownership. AI toolkit owned by government span the complete scope of Artificial Intelligence techniques, ranging from conventional machine learning to deep learning including natural language and image data. Irrespective of huge acceptance of AI, much still has to be done in this area by the government. Recommendations also discussed at the end.