bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Prosthodontic Treatment Modalities on Nutritional Parameters of Patients in Telangana, India
Authors: Phanindra S. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Oral health is a mirror of general health. Certain risk factors are common between oral and systemic diseases. The absence of teeth also affects oral health by altering the quality of life. Hence, the nutritional changes occurring in elderly patients following prosthodontic rehabilitation are evaluated.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 patients who underwent prosthodontic treatment for missing teeth were included in the study. Twice measurement of nutritional parameters was done: Initially at the time of diagnosis and then 5 months following commencement of the prosthodontic treatment. Dental analysis, evaluation of the diet, anthropometric assessment, and analysis of serum biochemical values were done in all the patients, and tabulated records were maintained. Independent Student's t-test and Tukey's test were done to assess the level of significance.

Results:
A total of 100 patients were included in the study. The complete denture (CD) group showed the highest alteration in the mean values of the nutritional parameters followed by the removable partial denture group. A significant change was seen in the body mass index, protein, carbohydrate, and iron levels among the different patients who were grouped based on the mode of treatment modality. The CD group showed significantly higher mean change in carbohydrates value compared with mean change in patients receiving fixed treatment.

Conclusion:
Our results conclude that nutrition and diet form an integral part of prosthodontic treatment to maintain the health of elderly population.
Transscleral vs transpupillary diode laser photocoagulation for the treatment of zone II type 1 retinopathy of prematurity: Anatomical and refractive outcomes
Authors: Roohipourmoallai Ramak , Faghihi Shahin , Faghihi Hooshang , Torkashvand Ali , Nabavi Amin , Fooladi Marjan I , Farahani Afsar D , Bazvand Fatemeh , Iyer Siva S R , Ebrahimiadib Nazanin 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To compare the anatomical and refractive outcomes of transscleral diode versus transpupillary laser photocoagulation for the treatment of zone II type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods:
In this prospective comparative interventional case series, infants with type 1 ROP in zone II were assigned to either transpupillary or transscleral laser based on the surgeons’ expertise area. The rate of regression, need for retreatment, and structural and biometric outcomes at month 6 were evaluated and compared between the two treatment groups.

Results:
In total, 209 eyes were enrolled; 145 eyes of 77 infants and 64 eyes of 33 infants and were in transscleral and transpupillary groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the groups. There was no significant difference in retreatment rates (1.6% vs. 3.4%; P = 0.669) and progression to stage 4 (1.6% vs. 2.8%; P = 0.999) between the transpupillary and transscleral groups, respectively. At month 6, the mean spherical equivalent was 0.31 ± 3.57 and 0.44 ± 2.85 diopters, and the axial length was 18.28 ± 6.22 and 18.36 ± 6.87 mm in the transpupillary and transscleral groups, respectively, without a significant difference between groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of myopia (43.8% vs. 33.8%; P = 0.169) and high myopia (4.7% vs. 4.8%; P = 0.965) in transpupillary and transscleral groups at month 6.

Conclusion:
The transpupillary and transscleral laser photocoagulation routes are both effective in the treatment of zone II type 1 ROP and show no significant differences in anatomical or refractive outcomes in relation to the route chosen.
Clinical features and microbiology of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis with and without intracameral moxifloxacin prophylaxis: Endophthalmitis prophylaxis study report 3
Authors: Dave Vivek P , Singh Vivek M , Reddy Jagadesh C , Sharma Savitri , Joseph Joveeta , Das Taraprasad 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
This study aimed to analyze the clinical presentations, microbiology, and management outcomes of post–cataract surgery endophthalmitis, with and without intracameral moxifloxacin prophylaxis.

Methods:
This study was designed as a retrospective, consecutive, comparative case series. Records of consecutive cataract surgery from January 1, 2015, till June 30, 2020, were analyzed. The cases that developed endophthalmitis were analyzed. The endophthalmitis cases were divided by their prophylaxis treatment into two groups: with intracameral moxifloxacin (ICM) and without (N-ICM). Inclusion criteria were (1) age ≥ 18 years, (2) cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation, (3) endophthalmitis within 6 weeks of cataract surgery, and (4) cataract surgery in the institute by any of the three methods—phacoemulsification, manual small incision cataract surgery, and extracapsular cataract extraction.

Results:
In the study period, 66,967 cataract surgeries were performed; 48.7% (n = 32,649) did not receive ICM. There was no difference between the N-ICM and ICM groups in the incidence of clinical (n = 21, 0.064% and n = 15, 0.043%; P = 0.23) and culture proven (n = 19, 0.033% and n = 11, 0.023%; P = 0.99) endophthalmitis, respectively. Greater number of patients in the N-ICM group had lid edema (76.2% vs. 40%; P = 0.03), corneal edema (71.4% vs. 33.3%; P = 0.03) and lower presenting vision with available correction (logMAR [logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution] 1.26 ± 1.2 vs. logMAR 0.54 ± 0.85; P = 0.02). The final best-corrected visual acuity following treatment was worse in the N-ICM group (logMAR 1.26 ± 1.2 vs. 0.54 ± 0.85; P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
Endophthalmitis after intracameral moxifloxacin may have relatively milder signs and symptoms and may respond better to treatment.
A study of referral pattern to pediatric ophthalmology department in a tertiary eye-care center of South-India
Authors: Kalita Iva R , Veena K , Mouttappa Freidrick , Singh Harsh V 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The study was aimed at finding out the present pattern of referrals to the Pediatric Ophthalmology outpatient department (OPD) in a tertiary eye care hospital and thus identify the discrepancy of referral, if any, which would help to modify and enhance the practice guidelines.

Methods:
The study was conducted by retrospectively collecting data from all referral letters that were already uploaded in the Electronic Medical Report (EMR) against all patients from June 2019 to December 2019. All pediatric patients in the age group of 0–16 years were included in the study. The practicing field of referring clinicians was noted along with the maximum information that could be collected from the referral letter and were thus assessed for the quality, accuracy, and timely referral.

Results:
Out of 77 referrals received in the study period, six referral letters neither had any mention of the designation of the referring clinician nor any specific diagnosis or details. Thus, only 71 patients were included for further study. The referring clinicians were mainly ophthalmologists, pediatricians, general practitioners (GPs), and others (cardiologists, neurologists). Maximum patients were referred by ophthalmologists (76%) but visual acuity was noted only for 30% of these patients. Almost half of the referral diagnosis was accurate. Pediatrician referrals were found to be more detailed and précised.

Conclusion:
There is a need for a standardized hospital-specific format of referrals and basic training to primary care providers on some simple tests (Lights reflex tests) for identifying the “red flags” in pediatric eye examination and thus enhancing the quality and timely referral per
se.
Binocular summation in comitant exotropia: Change after surgery
Authors: Verma Shaurya , Mishra Pallavi , Agrawal Siddharth , Srivastava Rajat M , Singh Vinita 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To assess the change in binocular summation (BiS) in comitant exotropia (XT) after strabismus surgery.

Methods:
This is a prospective study on 20 patients who underwent surgery for comitant XT over a one year period. Patients with sensory exotropia and nystagmus were excluded. Best-corrected visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) of both eyes separately and together (binocularly) were recorded. BiS score was calculated as binocular score minus better eye score. BiS score at the end of 3 months was compared with the preoperative data.

Results:
The mean ± SD of BiS score increased from 2.95 ± 0.88 to 4.55 ± 0.68 (P-value < 0.0001) for VA (on ETDRS letters) and from 2.75 ± 0.44 to 4.5 ± 0.76 (P-value < 0.001 for CS (on Pelli–Robson chart) after surgery.

Conclusion:
There is significant improvement in BiS in XT after strabismus surgery. Authors recommend its inclusion in evaluation of functional outcome of XT surgery.
Impact of online classes and home confinement on myopia progression in children during COVID-19 pandemic: Digital eye strain among kids (DESK) study 4
Authors: Mohan Amit , Sen Pradhnya , Peeush Parimal , Shah Chintan , Jain Elesh 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
This study was performed to compare the rate of progression of myopia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess the risk factors of hastened progression.

Methods:
All children with myopia of spherical equivalence ≤ −0.5 D with at least two prior documented refractions 6 months and 1 year before were included. The annual progression rate before COVID-19 and during COVID-19 was calculated. Annual myopia progression was categorized as no progression (0), slow progression (<1 D), and fast progression (≥1 D).

Results:
A total of 133 children (266 eyes) aged 6–18 years were included in the study. Mean annual myopia progression was found to be statistically significant during COVID-19 as compared with pre-COVID-19 (0.90 vs 0.25 D, P < 0.00001). A total of 45.9% of children showed an annual progression of ≥1 D during the pandemic as compared with 10.5% before the COVID-19 (p < 0.00001). In multivariate analysis, history of rapid progression in pre-COVID-19 era (P = 0.002) and sun exposure <1 h/day (P < 0.00001) were found to be independent risk factors for rapid myopia progression.

Conclusion:
Parents should consider risk of rapid myopia progression in children during current pandemic and children should be provided with socially distant outdoor activities to increase their sun exposure and diminish the rate of myopia progression.
A comparative study of knotless versus knotted transscleral suture-fixated intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Yilmaz Sami , Mavi Yildiz Aysegul , Avci Remzi 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To compare functional outcomes and complication rates of two scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation (SFIOL) techniques.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, there were 30 eyes of 30 patients who underwent SFIOL implantation for dislocation of the IOL or crystalline lens. Group 1 (n = 17) comprised patients who received scleral-fixated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOL implantation through a self-sealing sclerocorneal tunnel with the suture burial technique, and group 2 (n = 13) comprised patients who received scleral-fixated foldable acrylic IOL implantation with a cartridge using a self-sealing clear corneal incision (CCI) with knotless Z-suture technique between 2014 and 2019. Surgical outcomes concerning safety, efficiency, visual function, induced astigmatism with vector analysis, and complications were compared.

Results:
The indications were dislocated crystalline lens (n = 5/30), dislocated IOL (n = 17/30), and dropped nucleus (n = 8/30). The mean follow-up time was 50.65 ± 14.02 months in group 1 and 15.69 ± 3.71 months in group 2 (P < 0.001). The postoperative visual acuity improvement was statistically significant in both groups (P < 0.001). Surgically induced astigmatism was significantly higher in group 1 (2.68 ± 1.04 D) compared with group 2 (1.6 ± 1.0 D) at month 12 (P = 0.001). Postoperative complications included suture exposure (n = 1 in group 1) and cystoid macular edema (n = 1 in group 1; n = 1 in group 2).

Conclusion:
Both SFIOL techniques are safe and effective in the absence of adequate capsular support. However, the knotless Z-suture technique appears to be superior to the suture burial technique with regard to suture exposure-related complications. In addition, self-sealing CCI appears to be superior to self-sealing sclerocorneal tunnel with regard to surgically induced astigmatism.
Prophylactic corneal crosslinking in myopic small-incision lenticule extraction - Long-term visual and refractive outcomes
Authors: Sánchez-González José-María , Rocha-de-Lossada Carlos , Borroni Davide , De-Hita-Cantalejo Concepción , Alonso-Aliste Federico 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To analyze the efficacy, safety, predictability, and stability in myopic and astigmatic small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with simultaneous prophylactic corneal crosslinking (CXL) in thin corneas.

Methods:
A total of 48 eyes from 24 patients who underwent myopic and astigmatism SMILE with simultaneous prophylactic CXL were included in this retrospective study. All patients had a 24-month follow-up. A femtosecond laser was performed with VisuMax (Carl Zeiss Meditec). CXL treatment was applied when the predicted stromal thickness was less than 330 μm.

Results:
The patients’ mean age was 31.58 ± 6.23 years. The previous mean spherical equivalent was − 6.85 ± 1.80 (−9.75 to − 2.00) D. The postoperative mean spherical equivalent was − 0.50 ± 0.26 (−1.00 to + 0.25) D; 60% of the eyes had 20/20 or better; 19% lost one line; 58% were within ± 0.50 D; and 8.3% of the eyes changed 0.50 D or more between 3 and 24 months.

Conclusion:
Prophylactic CXL with simultaneous SMILE for myopia and astigmatism femtosecond laser surgery technique appears to be partially effective, safe, predictable, and stable after 24 months of follow-up.
Correlation between choroidal thickness and intraocular pressure control in primary angle-closure glaucoma
Authors: Singh Nishtha , Pegu Julie , Garg Prerna , Kumar Brajesh , Dubey Suneeta , Gandhi Monica 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To study the correlation between choroidal thickness (CT) and IOP control in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).

Methods:
In total, 61 patients (102 eyes) with PACG underwent subfoveal CT (SFCT) scanning using enhanced depth imaging–optical coherence tomography. The subjects with PACG were further grouped as controlled IOP (≤21 mm Hg on maximal medical therapy) and uncontrolled IOP (>21 mm Hg on maximal medical therapy). The average CT of the PACG eyes was calculated and compared between both groups. A correlation analysis was done between CT and intereye difference in CT with the disease parameters.

Results:
The mean CT was 274.38 ± 42.10 μm in 102 PACG eyes. SFCT was significantly increased in the uncontrolled IOP group as compared with the controlled IOP group. The mean SFCT was 245.57 ± 62.10 μm in the controlled group and 294.46 ± 51.05 μm in the uncontrolled group (P < 0.01). Factors associated with a thicker choroid were younger age, high IOP, and higher optic nerve head cupping (P < 0.001). Neither the visual field-mean deviation (VF-MD) nor pattern standard deviation (PSD) was found to be associated with overall CT. The intereye asymmetry between CT was significantly associated with poor VF-MD and PSD.

Conclusion:
PACG eyes with thicker choroid may be a risk factor for poor IOP control on medical anti-glaucoma therapy. Thicker choroid as compared to the fellow eye is a poor prognostic sign and these eyes should be monitored closely.
A double-blinded randomized clinical trial for pain perception: The efficacy and safety of topical cold saline solution anesthesia in phacoemulsification
Authors: Demir Mehmet , Akpolat Cetin , Karapapak Murat , Sendul Selam Yekta , Guven Dilek 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To compare the efficacy and safety of cold saline solution (0.9% NaCl) with topical ophthalmic proparacaine for maintaining topical anesthesia of patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery.

Methods:
The prospective, double-blinded, and randomized clinical study was randomly assigned to two groups that underwent phacoemulsification surgery due to cataracts. The cold saline group included 86 eyes of 86 patients with topical anesthesia of cold saline solution alone. The proparacaine group included 84 eyes of 84 patients with topical ophthalmic proparacaine (room temperature) anesthesia alone. The patients were scored according to a pain survey questionnaire of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranked between 0 and 10. The surgeon scored surgical experience by a Surgeon Questionnaire Scale (SQS) in three parameters, each of which was ranked from 1 to 3 based on questions regarding ease and comfort during the surgery.

Results:
The mean VAS scores were 1.29 ± 0.65 and 1.22 ± 0.66 for the cold saline and proparacaine groups, respectively (P = 0.182). The mean scores of SQS (lower values represented favorable results) were 4.11 ± 0.76 and 3.97 ± 0.74 in the cold saline and proparacaine groups, respectively (P = 0.163). Ten patients in the proparacaine group experienced corneal epitheliopathy in the postoperative period.

Conclusion:
As an easily accessible and cost-effective method, cold saline solution alone might be an alternative to topical ophthalmic proparacaine alone with comparable safe and effective results. The absence of allergic or toxic effects also provided a significant advantage in the cold saline application.
Clinical profile, imaging features and short term visual outcomes of Indian optic neuritis patients with and without seromarkers for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Ambika Selvakumar , Durgapriyadarshini Santhakumar , Padmalakshmi Krishnakumar , Noronha Veena , Arjundas Deepak 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To analyze clinical profile, imaging features, and short-term visual outcomes of optic neuritis patients in Indian population with and without seromarkers for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)/neuromyelitis optica (NMO).

Methods:
Electronic medical records of 203 optic neuritis patients who presented between June 2018 and December 2019 to the Neuro-ophthalmology services of a tertiary care center in India were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:
Of 203 patients, 57 patients (28.08%) were positive for MOG-antibody and 20 patients (9.85%) were positive for NMO antibody. 114 patients (56.16%) were double-negative (negative for both antibodies) and 12 patients (5.91%) were diagnosed as multiple sclerosis (MS). None of the patients had both antibodies. Mean age of presentation was 31.29 ± 1.035 years. There was female preponderance in NMO-optic neuritis (NMO-ON) and MS-optic neuritis (MS-ON) groups (1:5). Mean vision on presentation was worse (logMAR 1.570 ± 0.863) in NMO-ON group. The mean visual acuity showed statistically significant recovery (logMAR 0.338 ± 0.639) in the final follow-up in MOG-optic neuritis (MOG-ON) group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed poor visual outcome in patients presenting with retrobulbar neuritis, optic disc pallor, bilateral sequential optic nerve involvement, and with positive NMO antibody. Optic neuritis patients presenting with disc edema associated with pain and positive for MOG antibody were found to have a better visual outcome.

Conclusion:
In this Indian optic neuritis cohort, the prevalence of MOG-ON was higher than NMO-ON. MOG-ON had a better visual outcome than NMO-ON. The incidence of MS-ON was less compared to the western literature. A significant number of patients (114 patients, 56.16%) were double negative for both seromarkers and yet had presented with optic neuritis with no clinical or imaging features suggestive of MS/MOG associated disease (MOG AD)/NMO spectrum disorder (NMO SD).
To Study the Prescription Patterns and Adequacy of Use of Statins at a Tertiary Care Center of North India
Authors: Khanal Suraj , Atwal Shilpa , Dutta Pinaki 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The role and benefits of lipid-lowering drugs in active management of dyslipidemia are well established. However, a little is known about whether these drugs are prescribed as per the recent guidelines and the desired effect is achieved or not in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prescription patterns and adequacy of use of statins at a tertiary care hospital.

Patients and Methods:
Patients aged ≥18 years eligible to receive statin therapy for primary or secondary prevention according to the American Heart Association 2018 guidelines were included in the study. Clinical records of all the cases were reviewed for indications of statins, and lipid profile was done at baseline and after 3 months of statin therapy.

Results:
There were 140 men and 103 women with a mean age of 52.24 ± 12.01 years. 109 (44.9%) patients received statins for primary prevention, whereas 134 (55.1%) patients received statins for secondary prevention. A total of 179 (73.7%) and 64 (26.3%) patients each received atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. 81.9% of the study population received statins according to the guidelines. After 3 months of statin therapy, there was a statistically significant change in the lipid profile in both primary and secondary prevention groups.

Conclusions:
There are some irrational prescribing practices among physicians affecting the performance of statin therapy in primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A need to rationalize the prescription practices by keeping abreast with the latest recommendations as well as effective patient counseling and education seems warranted.
Detection of Mandibular Canal in Human Dry Mandibles with Cone Beam Computed Tomography using 270° and 360° Protocols under Continuous and Pulse Modes – A Comparative Study
Authors: Karishma  , Annaji A G , Rakesh N , Upasana L , Abhinetra M S 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables practitioner to accurately localize and mark the nerve canal. The rotation of the X-ray tube and the detector around the patient's head produces multiple projection images. A high number of projections is associated with increased radiation dose to the patient, higher spatial and contrast resolution. Shorter scan arc results in reduced scan time, reduced dose and smaller file sizes. The pulsed X-ray beam reduces the actual exposure time than the scanning time and the patient radiation exposure. Aim: (1) To assess and compare the diagnostic efficacy between pulse mode and continuous mode (2) To assess and compare the diagnostic efficacy between 270° and 360° CBCT rotational protocols

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 30 Intact Dentate or Partially dentate dry human mandibles consisting first, second, and third molars were subjected to a total of 4 CBCT scans: 270° rotation scans under continuous and pulse mode, 360° rotation scans under continuous and pulse mode using two CBCT units. Distance from the inferior cortical border of mandible (ICBM) to the roof of the inferior alveolar nerve canal (IANC) was measured at four locations: mental foramen, first, second and third molar. The results were then compared.

Results:
Comparison of the IANC length measurements for the two modes revealed no significant difference.

Conclusion:
Shorter scan arc and pulse mode can be adopted in patients finding it difficult to remain stable for prolonged periods of time, while maintaining appreciable clarity and quality of image. This could apply to geriatric patients, children, mentally challenged, in patients with trauma, neurological diseases, anxiety, claustrophobia, wherein the patient's movements might need re-scanning, which would lead to an extra radiation dose to the patient.