bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Discrete Conjugated Fluorene‐Azo Oligomers for the Investigation of Azobenzene Position‐Dependent Physical Properties and Photoresponsive Behavior
Authors: Liu Min , Shi Xianheng , Li Lishan , Zhang Jiandong , Huang Zhihao , Zhang Wei , Zhou Nianchen , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is well known that macromolecular structure, including composition, topology and sequence, significantly determines the properties of conjugated polymers/oligomers. To accurately understand the structure‐induced properties, discrete oligomers/polymers with molecularly defined structures are the ideal model because they provide distinct nonstatistical results. Herein, a series of discrete conjugated fluorene‐azo oligomers with different positions of the azobenzene units along the main chain (i.e., sequence) are efficiently prepared based on CuAAC “click” chemistry via a stepwise chain‐growth strategy. Position‐dependent behavior has an evident impact on the properties of oligomers, such as thermal properties, optical properties and photoresponsive behavior in both solution and thin film states. In addition, the fluorene‐azo oligomers show less photodegradation of 9,9‐dioctyl‐fluorene in the solid‐state than oligofluorene during UV light irradiation; however, position‐dependent photodegradation is found in solution. Optimized configurations and UV–vis absorption spectra of fluorene‐azo oligomers are calculated by density functional theory. Experimental results and theoretical analysis indicate that the location of azobenzene can play a dominant role in determining the properties of fluorene‐azo oligomers resulting from sequence‐mandated conformational changes. Undoubtedly, this work can provide deeper insight into the structure–property relationships based on precisely sequence‐defined polymer structures.
Impact of Synthetic Route on Photovoltaic Properties of Isoindigo‐Containing Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Tepliakova Marina M. , Kuznetsov Ilya E. , Avilova Irina A. , Stevenson Keith J. , Akkuratov Alexander V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of a novel isoindigo‐based conjugated polymer using Suzuki and Stille polycondensation reactions is reported. It is shown that the polymer obtained using various reactions possesses different performance in photovoltaic devices. In particular, polymers synthesized using Suzuki and Stille polycondensation demonstrate 2.7% and 4.1% efficiency in organic solar cells, and 12.6% and 15.1% in perovskite solar cells, respectively. The observed difference in the performances of devices is attributed to the appearance of defects in the polymer obtained via Suzuki reaction. Using high‐performance liquid chromatography it is demonstrated that the origin of the polymer quality deterioration is the poor stability of isoindigo‐based monomer under conditions of Suzuki polycondensation. Revealing this aspect allows one to figure out a more effective approach for the synthesis of high‐quality isoindigo‐based polymers for organic electronics.
Facile Fabrication of Povidone Iodine‐Embedded Polytetrafluoroethylene Superhydrophobic Films with Improved Antiadhesive and Bactericidal Properties in Bacterial Environments
Authors: Niu Xueming , Wan Shuqian , Rong Xiaona , Lin Mian , Mehwish Nabila , Wei Kun , Lee Bae Hoon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt remains a challenge to maintain the antiadhesion properties of superhydrophobic films after exposure to bacterial environments. In this work, superhydrophobic bactericidal polymer films via the simple incorporation of polyvinylpyrrolidone‐iodine (PVP‐I) or iodine into polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are fabricated to improve their antiadhesive and antibacterial capability. Superhydrophobic iodine‐embedded films, polytetrafluoroethylene/polyvinylpyrrolidone‐iodine and polytetrafluoroethylene‐iodine (PTFE/PVP‐I and PTFE‐I), show excellent antiadhesive and bactericidal performances even post exposure to bacterial solutions as compared to iodine‐free counterparts by controlling the release of iodine. Especially, superhydrophobic PTFE/PVP‐I films display a more sustained iodine release profile and significant antibacterial properties against gram‐positive (S. aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) and gram‐negative (E. coli) bacteria. Such a facile combination of antiseptic agents and superhydrophobic surface could be widely used for antiseptic biomedical applications.
Do not sound like an announcer. The emphasis strategy in commercials
Authors: Rodero Emma , Potter Robert F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMost consumers do not like the speech style that announcers use in marketing messages. The main reason is an exaggerated way of speaking with a strong emphasis. Indeed, announcers tend to stress too many words in commercials, producing an overly emphatic speech style, which sounds choppy and stuttering. This study analyzes how different strategies of emphasizing words in commercials affect the listeners' cognitive processing. Four different strategies (no emphasis, moderate‐low, moderate‐high, and over‐emphasis) were applied to 16 commercials. Participants (N = 52) had their physiological response (heart rate and skin conductance) measured during ad presentation. Afterward they assessed the commercials' effectiveness and adequacy and performed an immediate recall and a recognition test. The results indicated that the commercials presenting a moderate emphasis (low and high) improved the listeners' cognitive processing compared to messages with no emphasis strategy and the standard industry practice of using over‐emphasis.
Optimal retrieval in puzzle‐based storage with heuristic search and tabulation
Authors: Rosenfeld Ariel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPuzzle‐based storage (PBS) systems provide a space efficient solution for storage and retrieval of unit loads (e.g., cars, boxes) in the very land‐expensive urban environment. In this work, we formulate a highly generic optimal retrieval problem, consisting of any number of loads to be retrieved, and an arbitrary number of I/O points and empty locations (escorts) on a two‐dimensional lattice graph. We theoretically analyze the characteristics of the problem and propose a set of graph search algorithms to tackle the inherent complexities thereof. In contrast to existing work in the field, we investigate the runtime‐memory tradeoff pertaining to our problem, highlighting the possible benefits and limitations of our heuristic search and tabulation techniques. Our results demonstrate that our algorithms are capable of optimally solving moderate‐sized PBS problems using a limited amount of memory and in a reasonable amount of time.
Mindfulness‐based interventions for psychological wellbeing and quality of life in men with prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nnate Daniel A. , Anyachukwu Canice C. , Igwe Sylvester E. , Abaraogu Ukachukwu O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveMindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) are increasingly being encouraged for managing treatment‐related symptoms but much less is known about the extent to which mindfulness is effective in relieving the psychosocial distress experienced by men with prostate cancer. A systematic review was conducted to synthesise the literature on MBIs for psychological wellbeing and quality of life improvement in men with prostate cancer.MethodsEmbase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycArticles and Web of Science were searched up to 7th November 2020. Included studies were assessed for quality using appropriate appraisal tools. Homogeneous study results were pooled in a meta‐analysis while narrative synthesis was used to summarise the findings from heterogeneous results. Effect size was expressed as Cohen's d (95% confidence intervals) and statistical significance (p‐value) was set at 0.05.ResultsFour studies comprising three randomised trials and one non‐randomised study met the inclusion criteria. MBIs for men with prostate cancer showed small to moderate effect for improving psychological outcomes. The pooled result of quality of life and post‐traumatic growth in study participants showed moderate (d = −0.29 [−1.29, 0.71], p = 0.57) and large (d = 0.77 [−0.33,1.88], p = 0.000) effects, respectively.ConclusionMBI is potentially promising for psychological outcomes, quality of life and post‐traumatic growth symptoms improvement in men with prostate cancer but recommendations cannot be made based on current evidence due to limited research and inadequate methodological rigour of published literature. Robust research is needed to draw a reliable conclusion about its sustained effect in men with advanced disease.
Toward a sustainability assessment framework of research impacts: Contributions of a business school
Authors: Findler Florian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBusiness schools have the potential to become an important driver for sustainable development (SD) by broadening their research assessments beyond scientific performance. Assessment frameworks that expand the scope from academic performance to actual contributions to SD can support business schools in this regard. This article addresses the current lack of pluralistic conceptualizations of research impacts and aims to propose an assessment framework and indicators for business school research impacts on SD. It thus investigates the contributions of business school research to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through an explorative case analysis of Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU Vienna) and grounded theory's constant comparative method. In doing so, it adds value to the discussion about the societal relevance of business schools and pluralistic assessments of their research impacts. The findings illustrate that business school research impacts the economy, policy making, and education by fostering organizational and systemic change and contributes to overcoming societal and environmental challenges. The proposed framework contributes to shifting the focus of research impact assessment of business schools toward SD. It shows that business schools must holistically recognize their impacts by considering key SD impact areas, impact scope and pathways, and their actual contributions to the SDGs.
Controllable Synthesis and Enhanced Photoactivity of Two‐Dimensional Bi2WO6 Ultra‐Thin Nanosheets
Authors: Pang Ben , Liu Sicong , Tu Yan , Wang Xiong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional Bi2WO6 ultra‐thin nanosheets were controllably synthesized by a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐assisted hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology, energy gap, and thickness of the samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), (diffuse reflection spectroscopy) DRS, and so on. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was analyzed by the degradation of rhodamine B. The photocatalytic performance of the ultrathin nanosheets was much enhanced nearly 3.5 folds higher than that of Bi2WO6 nanoparticles, which was attributed to the narrow band gap and the open sandwich structure, resulting in the improved light harvesting and the rapid separation and transfer of the photoinduced charge carriers. According to the radical trapping results, the dominant active species involving in the photocatalytic process were determined.
Advanced Transition Metal‐Based OER Electrocatalysts: Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an important half‐reaction involved in many electrochemical applications, such as water splitting and rechargeable metal–air batteries. However, the sluggish kinetics of its four‐electron transfer process becomes a bottleneck to the performance enhancement. Thus, rational design of electrocatalysts for OER based on thorough understanding of mechanisms and structure‐activity relationship is of vital significance. This review begins with the introduction of OER mechanisms which include conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism and lattice‐oxygen‐mediated mechanism. The reaction pathways and related intermediates are discussed in detail, and several descriptors which greatly assist in catalyst screen and optimization are summarized. Some important parameters suggested as measurement criteria for OER are also mentioned and discussed. Then, recent developments and breakthroughs in experimental achievements on transition metal‐based OER electrocatalysts are reviewed to reveal the novel design principles. Finally, some perspectives and future directions are proposed for further catalytic performance enhancement and deeper understanding of catalyst design. It is believed that iterative improvements based on the understanding of mechanisms and fundamental design principles are essential to realize the applications of efficient transition metal‐based OER electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies.
An EMI‐Optimized Transformer for De‐Y Flyback Converter with Low Common‐Mode Noise
Authors: Wang Tingying , Shao Chensheng , Liu Qi , Liao Liangchuang , Qian Qinsong , Ding Desheng 
Published: June 2021

Y‐capacitors are widely used in flyback converters to suppress common‐mode (CM) noise to comply with the strict electromagnetic interference (EMI) standards. However, Y‐capacitors increase the leakage current between the primary and secondary side, which is not allowed in the applications with high safety requirements. In this paper, the displacement current models of two conventional De‐Y methods are quantitatively established to analyze their limitations for the flyback converter. Then, a hybrid EMI‐optimized transformer is proposed to improve the limitations. The proposed structure can completely balance the CM noise between the primary and secondary sides, making the flyback converter comply with the EMI standard under the conditions of no Y‐capacitor. Compared with the traditional methods, the proposed method has a better capability for CM noise suppression, higher universality and the same cost. Finally, the simulation and experimental results verify that the CM noise of the new transformer structure decreases about 10 dB compared with that of the conventional one. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Understanding familial Alzheimer's disease: The fit‐stay‐trim mechanism of γ‐secretase
Authors: Mehra Rukmankesh , Kepp Kasper Planeta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding Alzheimer's disease is a central challenge of the 21st century, as the disease affects tens of millions of people and kills a million people each year, with current drugs having modest effect. This article reviews how computational science integrating new cryo‐electron microscopy structures and biochemical and clinical data has led to a causative model of familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD). The model's basis is open and compact conformational states of the membrane protease γ‐secretase, controlled by transmembrane helix “fingers” that hold the substrate either tightly or loosely. The two states are in thermal equilibrium and lead to different amounts of long and short Aβ peptides, explaining the much‐debated Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. Pathogenic mutations shift the equilibrium toward the open state by reducing the stability and hydrophobic packing of the enzyme‐substrate complex, which increases toxic Aβ42 and other longer peptide forms compared with Aβ40. In contrast, drugs that selectively target longer, pathogenic Aβ peptides should preferentially stabilize the compact state to reverse this tendency. The model may explain how inherited mutations cause fAD and provides a molecular roadmap for the development of γ‐secretase modulators, one of the most promising causative treatment strategies in current Alzheimer research. In summary, we showcase the power of modern multiscale computational science in integrating biochemical, protein‐structural, and clinical data to elucidate complex disease mechanisms.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Data Science > Chemoinformatics
Holographic correlators at finite temperature
Authors: Alday Luis F. , Koloğlu Murat , Zhiboedov Alexander 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider weakly-coupled QFT in AdS at finite temperature. We compute the holographic thermal two-point function of scalar operators in the boundary theory. We present analytic expressions for leading corrections due to local quartic interactions in the bulk, with an arbitrary number of derivatives and for any number of spacetime dimensions. The solutions are fixed by judiciously picking an ansatz and imposing consistency conditions. The conditions include analyticity properties, consistency with the operator product expansion, and the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition. For the case without any derivatives we show agreement with an explicit diagrammatic computation. The structure of the answer is suggestive of a thermal Mellin amplitude. Additionally, we derive a simple dispersion relation for thermal two-point functions which reconstructs the function from its discontinuity.
Implementierung kompetenzbasierter Lehre und Prüfungen in die Frauenheilkunde im Rahmen der neuen ärztlichen Approbationsordnung 2020
Authors: Recker Florian , Dohmen Sara , Riedel Fabian , Egger Eva , Weiss Martin , Stope Matthias , Mustea Alexander 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungAktuell wird der Nationale Kompetenzbasierte Lernzielkatalog Medizin auf Grundlage des „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“ weiterentwickelt. Er soll mit Inkrafttreten der neuen Ärztlichen Approbationsordnung verpflichtend an allen medizinischen Fakultäten umgesetzt werden. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, welche Kompetenzen der ärztliche Nachwuchs im Rahmen des Kerncurriculums ihres Medizinstudiums erwerben sollte. In diesem Rahmen sollen auch neue kompetenzbasierte Lehrformate in das Medizinstudium integriert werden. Ein essenzieller Bestandteil sind dabei neue Prüfungsformate, die das aktuelle Format der Multiple-Choice-Questions (MCQ) in Zukunft ablösen werden.
Behind the scenes of a learning agri-food value chain: lessons from action research
Authors: Braun Charis Linda , Bitsch Vera , Häring Anna Maria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of sustainable agri-food systems requires not only new academic knowledge, but also concrete social and organizational change in practice. This article reflects on the action research process that supported and explored the learning process in an emerging agri-food value chain in the Berlin-Brandenburg region in eastern Germany. The action research study involved value chain actors, academic researchers, and process facilitators in a learning network. By framing the network’s learning and problem solving processes in concepts of organizational learning, lessons were drawn for researchers and value chain developers. The results underline the importance of process facilitation in a learning value chain to create a social space, in which the actors in the value chain can interact and find a common basis for collaboration. In the learning process, facilitators used an iterative design to consistently align learning activities with the needs of practitioners to ensure practical relevance. To establish new practices and partnerships, value chain actors challenged existing routines and developed new ideas and visions, while at the same time improving established practices within their organizations and along the entire value chain.
Pd Nanoparticles Stabilized on the Cross-Linked Melamine-Based SBA-15 as a Catalyst for the Mizoroki–Heck Reaction
Authors: Nuri Ayat , Bezaatpour Abolfazl , Amiri Mandana , Vucetic Nemanja , Mikkola Jyri-Pekka , Murzin Dmitry Yu. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMesoporous SBA-15 silicate with a high surface area was prepared by a hydrothermal method, successively modified by organic melamine ligands and then used for deposition of Pd nanoparticles onto it. The synthesized materials were characterized with infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). The catalyst was effectively used in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction of various reactants in the presence of an organic base giving the desired products in a short reaction time and with small catalysts loadings. The reaction parameters such as the base type, amounts of catalyst, solvents, and the temperature were optimized. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused at least seven times without significant activity losses.Graphic Abstract
CXCL2-CXCR2 axis mediates αV integrin-dependent peritoneal metastasis of colon cancer cells
Authors: Lepsenyi Mattias , Algethami Nader , Al-Haidari Amr A. , Algaber Anwar , Syk Ingvar , Rahman Milladur , Thorlacius Henrik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeritoneal metastasis is an insidious aspect of colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to define mechanisms regulating colon cancer cell adhesion and spread to peritoneal wounds after abdominal surgery. Mice was laparotomized and injected intraperitoneally with CT-26 colon carcinoma cells and metastatic noduli in the peritoneal cavity was quantified after treatment with a CXCR2 antagonist or integrin-αV-antibody. CT-26 cells expressed cell surface chemokine receptors CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR5. Stimulation with the CXCR2 ligand, CXCL2, dose-dependently increased proliferation and migration of CT-26 cells in vitro. The CXCR2 antagonist, SB225002, dose-dependently decreased CXCL2-induced proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells in vitro. Intraperitoneal administration of CT-26 colon cancer cells resulted in wide-spread growth of metastatic nodules at the peritoneal surface of laparotomized animals. Laparotomy increased gene expression of CXCL2 at the incisional line. Pretreatment with CXCR2 antagonist reduced metastatic nodules by 70%. Moreover, stimulation with CXCL2 increased CT-26 cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in a CXCR2-dependent manner. CT-26 cells expressed the αV, β1 and β3 integrin subunits and immunoneutralization of αV abolished CXCL2-triggered adhesion of CT-26 to vitronectin, fibronectin and fibrinogen. Finally, inhibition of the αV integrin significantly attenuated the number of carcinomatosis nodules by 69% in laparotomized mice. These results were validated by use of the human colon cancer cell line HT-29 in vitro. Our data show that colon cancer cell adhesion and growth on peritoneal wound sites is mediated by a CXCL2-CXCR2 signaling axis and αV integrin-dependent adhesion to ECM proteins.