bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of light-induced charge transfer between carbon nanotube and CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals
Authors: Zeevi Gilad , Dehnel Joanna , Budniak Adam K , Milyutin Yana , Ankonina Guy , Haick Hossam , Lifshitz Efrat , Yaish Yuval E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The integration of semiconducting colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a single device presents a unique platform that combines optical flexibility with high charge carrying capability. These qualities are desirable in many applications such as photovoltaic cells, photocatalysis, and light sensors. Here, we present hybrid devices that incorporate various CdSe/CdS core/shell NCs, such as seeded quantum dots and asymmetric seeded nanorods (a-sNRs), with a single-wall CNT in a field-effect transistor geometry. We used electrical measurements to probe a light-induced charge transfer (LICT) between the CdSe/CdS NCs and the CNT. We investigate the effect of gate voltage on the LICT magnitude and temporal characteristics. Surprisingly, the measured photo-response depends on the gate voltage, and we observe both electrons and holes transfer from the a-sNRs to the CNT. Furthermore, a comparison between LICT measurements on different devices with different CNTs and NC types reveals that the charge transfer time is directly proportional to the shell-thickness around the CdSe core and inversely correlated with the NCs size. The recovery of the charge trapped inside the CdSe/CdS NCs is characterized by two distinct fast and slow relaxation times, which depend on the NCs size and CNT type. Although, the charge relaxation time is similar between the symmetric QDs and the asymmetric sNRs, the overall percentage of the remaining charge in the QDs is significantly larger than in the sNRs. Understanding both gate voltage and NCs size effect on the LICT processes can optimize the performance of optoelectronic devices.
The Virgin Mary: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Leith Mary Joan Winn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Virgin Mary: A Very Short Introduction describes the evolution of Marian thought from early Christianity to the present day. Readers will learn what Catholic, Orthodox, and other Christian denominations believe about Mary as well as the place of Mary in Islam Taking an interdisciplinary approach that includes art history, archaeology, gender studies, and doctrinal history, this VSI also corrects common misunderstandings and unquestioned assumptions about the Virgin Mary. The apparitions of Mary and representations of Mary in contemporary popular culture are also discussed.
The History of Political Thought: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Whatmore Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
‘A History of Political Thought: A Very Short Introduction’ explores the core concerns and questions in the history of political thought, considering the field as a branch of political philosophy and political science. The approaches of core theorists, such as Reinhart Koselleck, Leo Strauss, Michel Foucault, and the so-called Cambridge School of Quentin Skinner and John Pocock are important to this topic. There is ongoing relevance for current politics which can be seen by assessing the current relationship between political history, theory, and action. There are some areas of political thinking that tend to draw on history because of the comparisons and contrasts that the past can offer to contemporary dilemmas.
Welfare Conditionality, Ethics and Social Care for Older People in the UK: From Civic Rights to Abandonment?
Authors: Carey Malcolm 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Welfare systems are becoming ever more conditional, with access to state support increasingly rationed via a legion of legally-defined and financially-driven restrictions and rules. Civic protection and economic rights for older citizens within Western policy systems are subsequently diminishing and continue to give way to neoliberal discursive practices which prioritise welfare activation, autonomy, participation, asset-based yet precarious self-care, the aversion of health-centred risks, and much higher levels of eligibility for support. This article looks at welfare conditionality and its relationship to older people, ethics and governance within social care. By using three examples of welfare conditional reforms from the UK, it is highlighted that strains typically persist between the altruistic components of some ethical frameworks and the everyday experiences of many older people. The relative gatekeeping powers of welfare professionals and expectations placed on family members and carers have also increased, especially upon older people with higher needs and who may lack economic and cultural capital. This is despite rhetorical policy-led claims of increasing choice and control, and allowing support to be more asset-based and personalised.
Cross-cultural comparison of mental health in social work students between UK and Ireland: Mental health shame and self-compassion
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Tsuda-McCaie Freya , Maughan Geraldine , Green Pauline 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Despite the well-known mental health difficulties of social work students such as high levels of mental health problems and shame, and low levels of self-compassion, effective interventions remain to be evaluated. Moreover, whilst the levels of mental health constructs vary cross-culturally, how cultures impact the mental health has not been appraised in depth. This study aimed to compare the levels of, and relationships among mental health problems, mental health shame and self-compassion between social work students in the UK and Ireland. Opportunity samples of 120 UK students and 129 Irish students completed self-report measures regarding mental health problems, shame and self-compassion. Welch t-tests, correlation and regression analyses were conducted. Levels of mental health problems and shame were lower in British students than Irish students, while self-compassion was lower in Irish students. Internal shame was most strongly related to mental health problems in British students, while self-reflected shame was so in Irish students. Self-compassion was a significant predictor of mental health problems in both groups. Cultivating self-compassion, targeting internal shame in the UK, and reflected shame in Ireland, is recommended to protect and enhance the mental health of social work students.
Decomposing MRI phenotypic heterogeneity in epilepsy: a step towards personalized classification
Authors: Lee Hyo Min , Fadaie Fatemeh , Gill Ravnoor , Caldairou Benoit , Sziklas Viviane , Crane Joelle , Hong Seok-Jun , Bernhardt Boris C , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, precise predictions of drug response, surgical outcome and cognitive dysfunction at an individual level remain challenging. A possible explanation may lie in the dominant ‘one-size-fits-all’ group-level analytical approaches that does not allow parsing interindividual variations along the disease spectrum. Conversely, analysing inter-patient heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a step towards person-centred care.Here, we used unsupervised machine learning to estimate latent relations (or disease factors) from 3 T multimodal MRI features [cortical thickness, hippocampal volume, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T1/FLAIR, diffusion parameters] representing whole-brain patterns of structural pathology in 82 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. We assessed the specificity of our approach against age- and sex-matched healthy individuals and a cohort of frontal lobe epilepsy patients with histologically verified focal cortical dysplasia.We identified four latent disease factors variably co-expressed within each patient and characterized by ipsilateral hippocampal microstructural alterations, loss of myelin and atrophy (Factor 1), bilateral paralimbic and hippocampal gliosis (Factor 2), bilateral neocortical atrophy (Factor 3) and bilateral white matter microstructural alterations (Factor 4). Bootstrap analysis and parameter variations supported high stability and robustness of these factors. Moreover, they were not expressed in healthy controls and only negligibly in disease controls, supporting specificity. Supervised classifiers trained on latent disease factors could predict patient-specific drug response in 76 ± 3% and postsurgical seizure outcome in 88 ± 2%, outperforming classifiers that did not operate on latent factor information. Latent factor models predicted inter-patient variability in cognitive dysfunction (verbal IQ: r = 0.40 ± 0.03; memory: r = 0.35 ± 0.03; sequential motor tapping: r = 0.36 ± 0.04), again outperforming baseline learners.Data-driven analysis of disease factors provides a novel appraisal of the continuum of interindividual variability, which is probably determined by multiple interacting pathological processes. Incorporating interindividual variability is likely to improve clinical prognostics.
Proportion of Incident Genital Human Papillomavirus Detections not Attributable to Transmission and Potentially Attributable to Latent Infections: Implications for Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Malagón Talía , MacCosham Aaron , Burchell Ann N , El-Zein Mariam , Tellier Pierre Paul , Coutlée François , Franco Eduardo L ,   HITCH Study Group, Kelsall Gail , Dumais Suzanne , Drew Melanie , Kelsall Gail , Dumais Suzanne , Morykon Natalia , Rocamora Amela , Slavtcheva Nathalie , Rodrigues Allita , D’Anjou-Pomerleau Vicky , Selinger Jennifer , Montpetit-Dubrule Elizabeth , Sammut Jessica , Lapointe Emilie , Bleecker Johanna , Rahayel Shady , Voyer Hélène , Legault Véronique , Guénoun Julie , Comète Emilie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Infections with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) may enter a latent state, and eventually become reactivated following loss of immune control. It is unclear what proportion of incident HPV detections are reactivations of previous latent infections vs new transmissions.

Methods
The HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual activity (HITCH) cohort study prospectively followed young newly formed heterosexual partners recruited between 2005 and 2011 in Montréal, Canada. We calculated the fraction of incident HPV detections nonattributable to sexual transmission risk factors with a Bayesian Markov model. Results are the median (2.5th-97.5th percentiles) of the estimated posterior distribution.

Results
A total of 544 type-specific incident HPV detection events occurred in 849 participants; 33% of incident HPV detections occurred in participants whose HITCH partners were negative for that HPV type and who reported no other sex partners over follow-up. We estimate that 43% (38%–48%) of all incident HPV detections in this population were not attributable to recent sexual transmission and might be potentially reactivation of latent infections.

Conclusions
A positive HPV test result in many cases may be a reactivated past infection, rather than a new infection from recent sexual behaviors or partner infidelity. The potential for reactivation of latent infections in previously HPV-negative women should be considered in the context of cervical cancer screening.
Quality assuring early dialysis care: evaluating rates of death and recovery within 90 days of first dialysis using the UK Renal Registry
Authors: Hole Barnaby D , Casula Anna , Caskey Fergus J 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundKidney disease registries typically report populations incident to kidney replacement therapy (KRT) after excluding reversible disease. Registry-based audit and quality assurance is thus based on populations depleted of those with the highest early mortality. It is now mandatory for UK kidney units to report all recipients of dialysis, both acute and chronic. This work presents 90-day survival and recovery outcomes for all reported adults.MethodsSeventy adult centres reporting to the UK Renal Registry were included. Those assessed as underreporting death and recovery were excluded. Survival was evaluated using a Kaplan–Meier estimator. Cox regression was used to describe hazard ratios (HRs) for age, sex and acute/chronic dialysis coding on day 1. Analysis of all-cause 90-day mortality with recovery as a competing risk is presented.ResultsTwenty-four centres were assessed as underreporting, with rates of death/recovery below the 99.7th centile. Of 5784 dialysis starters in the remaining 46 centres, 2163 (37.4%) were coded as receiving acute dialysis on day 1. Ninety days after starting, 3860 (66.7%) of all starters were receiving KRT, 1157 (20.0%) were alive having stopped, 716 (12.4%) were dead and 51 (0.9%) were lost to follow-up. Mortality was higher among those coded as receiving acute dialysis on day 1 (HR 4.88, P &lt; 0.001). The sub-HR for recovery among those coded as receiving acute compared with chronic dialysis was 56.14 (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsDeath and recovery rates are substantially higher than reported in conventional incident populations. This work highlights a vulnerable subgroup of patients largely overlooked by most national quality assurance systems.
Hyperglycaemic disorders associated with PCSK9 inhibitors: a real-world, pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Goldman Adam , Raschi Emanuel , Cukierman-Yaffe Tali , Dankner Rachel , Shouval Roni , Shechter Michael , Ben-Zvi Ilan , Gerstein Hertzel C , Maor Elad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsWhile genetic and biological studies indicated a potential association between proprotein-convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) and hyperglycaemia, real-world data are limited. Therefore, we sought to investigate this association using the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).Methods and resultsThe FAERS database (2015–2020) was retrospectively queried to characterize reporting of hyperglycaemic adverse events (AEs) with PCSK9i. Disproportionality analyses were performed using the adjusted reporting odds ratio (adj.ROR), and the lower bound of the information component (IC) 95% credibility interval (IC025 &gt; 0 is deemed significant). Among 7 295 624 eligible patients, 71 748 reports of evolocumab and 15 976 of alirocumab were identified. Compared to the full database, PCSK9i treatment was associated with increased reporting of hyperglycaemic AEs [n = 1841, adj.ROR = 1.14 (1.07–1.22), IC025 = 0.13]. Hyperglycaemic AEs were primarily mild hyperglycaemia [n = 1469, adj. ROR = 1.48 (1.36–1.62), IC025 = 0.51] rather than diabetes [n = 372, adj. ROR = 0.67 (0.60–0.74), IC025 = −0.90]. Among PCSK9i agents, evolocumab, but not alirocumab, was associated with hyperglycaemic AEs [n = 1587, adj. ROR = 1.24 (1.15–1.32), IC025 = 0.20; n = 254, adj. ROR = 0.73 (0.60–0.88), IC025 = −0.38, respectively]. Hyperglycaemic AEs were reported more often with PCSK9i compared to ezetimibe [adj.ROR = 1.99 (1.35–2.94)], and less often compared to statins [adj.ROR = 0.26 (0.25–0.28)]. Notably, hyperglycaemic AEs were reported more frequently by diabetic than by non-diabetic patients (P &lt; 0.001), mostly occurred within 6 months of treatment and were reversible upon drug discontinuation.ConclusionIn a real-world setting, PCSK9i treatment was associated with increased reporting of mild hyperglycaemia, but not diabetes. While initial monitoring is warranted, the favourable glycaemic safety profile compared to statins supports their essential role in the management of lipid disorders.
Temperature dependence of nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation by Acidovorax strain BoFeN1 – evaluating the role of enzymatic vs. abiotic Fe(II) oxidation by nitrite
Authors: Dopffel Nicole , Jamieson James , Bryce Casey , Joshi Prachi , Mansor Muammar , Siade Adam , Prommer Henning , Kappler Andreas 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Fe(II) oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction is a widely observed metabolism. However, to what extent the observed Fe(II) oxidation is driven enzymatically or abiotically by metabolically produced nitrite remains puzzling. To distinguish between biotic and abiotic reactions, we cultivated the mixotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing Acidovorax strain BoFeN1 over a wide range of temperatures and compared it to abiotic Fe(II) oxidation by nitrite at temperatures up to 60°C. The collected experimental data were subsequently analyzed through biogeochemical modeling. At 5°C, BoFeN1 cultures consumed acetate and reduced nitrate but did not significantly oxidize Fe(II). Abiotic Fe(II) oxidation by nitrite at different temperatures showed an Arrhenius-type behavior with an activation energy of 80±7 kJ/mol. Above 40°C, the kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation were abiotically driven, whereas at 30°C, where BoFeN1 can actively metabolize, the model-based interpretation strongly suggested that an enzymatic pathway was responsible for a large fraction (ca. 62%) of the oxidation. This result was reproduced even when no additional carbon source was present. Our results show that at below 30°C, i.e. at temperatures representing most natural environments, biological Fe(II) oxidation was largely responsible for overall Fe(II) oxidation, while abiotic Fe(II) oxidation by nitrite played a less important role.
Microbial fermentation of Fossence™, a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide, under simulated human proximal colonic condition and assessment of its prebiotic effects- A pilot study
Authors: Tiwari Deepika P , Shah Priyali , Van den Abbeele Pieter , Marzorati Massimo , Calatayud Marta , Ghyselinck Jonas , Dubey Ashok Kumar , Narayanan S , Jain Manish 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) was tested in a simulator of the human gut microbial ecosystem (SHIME) in-vitro model to quantify its prebiotic effects according to Prebiotic index (PI) and Measure of prebiotic effect (MPE) equations. FossenceTM, (sc-FOS, 0.5%) was fermented in a simulated human proximal colonic condition, using a fecal inoculum from a healthy individual. We analyzed the pH reduction, substrate utilization, lactate and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and microbial community modulation. Microbial fermentation of sc-FOS strongly reduced the media pH indicating the production of lactate and SCFA with accumulation of lactate and enhanced levels of acetate (34.38 ± 0.38mM), propionate (20.93 ± 0.56mM), and butyrate (4.93 ± 0.03mM) compared to 18.46 ± 0.20mM, 6.24 ± 0.10mM, and 3.3 ± 0.06mM in the blank, respectively. Total SCFA production in test media was 61.91 ± 0.87mM compared to 33.65 ± 0.36mM in blank and the contribution of free-sugars present in sc-FOS to SCFAs was negligible. Modulation of the microbial community was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing and we found that sc-FOS greatly stimulated the beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus. We report the PI and MPE values for FossenceTM, as 14.9 and 0.01 respectively at the end of 24h, which is an indicator of a strong prebiotic effect.
Effect of attenuation on amplitude distribution andbvalue in rock acoustic emission tests
Authors: Chen Daolong , Liu Xiling , He Wei , Xia Changgen , Gong Fengqiang , Li Xibing , Cao Xinya 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYThe b value is a critical parameter that has been used to describe spatial and temporal size distribution characteristics in data from both natural seismicity and laboratory rock acoustic emission (AE) tests. However, unlike the magnitude used for b value estimation in earthquakes which corrects for hypocentral distance, the apparent amplitude of the AE, is most commonly used for b value estimation in the rock AE test. This ignores the effect of attenuation, which may modify the frequency–amplitude distribution and affect the b value results. Here, we investigate the attenuation effect on the estimate of b value from synthetic data generated by random sampling of a doubly truncated frequency–amplitude distribution and a known underlying b value from a statistical perspective. We generated AE source amplitudes that obey an exponential distribution with different theoretical b values and applied an attenuation operator to obtain apparent frequency–amplitude data for comparison with the true underlying distribution. The results show that the b value is unchanged within a specific interval of amplitude distribution after accounting for attenuation under the conditions examined here, and that data truncation is the primary cause of modification of the frequency–amplitude distribution in the presence of attenuation, rather than attenuation alone. In addition, we employed the same synthetic data simulation scheme to estimate the minimum data volume for accurate estimation of the underlying b value from the apparent amplitude distribution. We found that the determination of the minimum data volume is influenced by the theoretical b value of the underlying distribution: the higher the theoretical b value, the larger the minimum data volume required, varying from 200 events from b &lt; 1.5 to 300 for b &gt; 1.5.
Evaluating the implementation and use of patient-reported outcome measures in a mental health hospital in Denmark: a qualitative study
Authors: Kristensen Solvejg , Holmskov Jens , Baandrup Lone , Videbech Poul , Bonde Maria , Mainz Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundReporting of barriers and successes associated with the implementation and use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is limited as a means to ensure enhanced patient involvement, shared decision-making and improved treatment and care. We set out to evaluate the implementation and use of the PRO-Psychiatry initiative on patient-reported outcome measures in Danish mental health care. We aimed to described four specific areas: the quality of the clinical consultations before and after the implementation of PRO-Psychiatry as perceived by the patients (objective A), the motivation for participating in PRO-Psychiatry as perceived by patients and clinicians (objective B), the implementation process as perceived by patients, clinicians and managers (objective C) and suggestions for improvement (objective D).MethodsThe PRO-Psychiatry initiative was evaluated through a participatory approach, including patients, clinicians and managers. A repeated cross-sectional interview-based survey explored the quality of the clinical consultation before and after the implementation of PRO-Psychiatry. A three-step semi-structured group interview, inspired by the modified mini-Delphi method, was used to establish consensus on the evaluation of the implementation and use of the initiative.ResultsThe evaluation pointed at PRO-Psychiatry as a meaningful initiative, which motivated patients and supported clinicians. The patients emphasised the importance of PROs, but they also found that PROs were not used enough. Clinically relevant improvements were detected after the implementation of the initiative; more patients felt heard and experienced that clinicians took a greater interest in their problems. The clinicians valued the easily accessible real-time graphical display of the PRO responses in the electronic health record (EHR). Clinicians and managers agreed that clinical PRO practices, patient compliance and use of PROs in treatment and care should be supported during implementation.ConclusionThe evaluation was overall positive. Patients and clinicians were willing to participate, found the online reporting easy and valued the direct access to PRO responses in the EHR. An essential feature was the integration of well-defined and functional PRO practices into the existing clinical workflow. Using PROs in the clinical sessions in a way that was palpable to the patient was found to be a significant improvement need. At the individual level, PRO-Psychiatry can use patient outcome information to support dialogue, encourage shared decision-making and promote self-management during recovery. At the aggregated patient level, the PROs can be used for monitoring the patient-perceived quality of care and for research.