bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Nurse Specialists in the United States Registered With a National Provider Identifier
Authors: Reed Sean M. , Arbet Jaron , Staubli Linda 
Published: April 2021

Purpose/Aims
This study illuminates the workforce of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS), using data from the National Provider Identifier (NPI) registry.

Design
This is a descriptive exploratory study using CNSs' self-reported data within the NPI registry through December 2019.

Methods
Tabulations for frequencies of available demographics, population foci/specialty, and tests for differences in urban/rural locations were conducted. Clinical nurse specialists practicing as nurse practitioners were also counted and identified. Run charts were used to assess quarterly trends for CNSs obtaining new NPIs.

Results
Ten thousand CNSs were registered with an NPI, and 9470 reported 1 population foci/specialty. Furthermore, 1932 CNSs (19.3%) also report working as a nurse practitioner. Only 2 CNS specialties differed by more than 4% between urban and rural areas (respectively): family health (7.7% and 15.5%) and CNSs without a specialty (17.1% and 12.6%). Run charts identified 5 specialties with changing trends in new NPI enumerations (family health, adult-gero, postacute care, pediatrics, and women's health).

Conclusions
Of the estimated 89 122 CNSs in the United States, only 11.2% of the CNS workforce was described and accounted for within the NPI registry. Clinical nurse specialists are encouraged to register for an NPI. Further research is necessary to describe the location and type of work CNSs are performing within the US healthcare system.
Clinical Nurse Specialist Impact on COVID-19 Preparation at a Military Treatment Facility
Authors: Lucciola Megan E. , Nelson Nicole M. , Rea Jessica M. , Boudreaux Allan J. , Fedderson Daniel J. , Hodge Nancy S. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly challenged healthcare organizations across the globe, forcing innovation, resourcefulness, and flexibility. The purpose of this article is to describe the impact of clinical nurse specialist practice on COVID-19 preparation at a military hospital.

Environment of Care Changes
The pandemic required facilities to develop expansion plans to facilitate a potential surge of COVID-19 patients. Clinical nurse specialists collaborated to develop a plan to expand care capacity and streamline testing while designating specific critical care and medical-surgical areas for COVID-19 patients.

Staffing Considerations
To capitalize on the expanded bed capacity, clinical nurse specialists identified and trained outpatient nursing staff to serve as nurse extenders.

Discussion
Early in the pandemic, a lack of strong evidence-based interventions to mitigate transmission and treatment necessitated the development of innovative solutions. The clinical nurse specialist team established designated transport routes for COVID-19 patients, leveraged technology to improve methods of care, and cultivated a culture of innovation by providing on-the-spot meaningful recognition to staff.

Conclusion
As leaders in healthcare, clinical nurse specialists are change agents that work to maintain high-quality, safe patient care even during a global pandemic.
The Wash-Out of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Evaluation of Hypoxic Ischemic Injury in Neonates and Infants
Authors: Sridharan Anush , Riggs Becky , Darge Kassa , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. , Hwang Misun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We evaluated the use of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to study wash-out behavior of ultrasound contrast agents in the pediatric brain in cases of hypoxic ischemic injury (HII). Six neonates and young infants were imaged using CEUS for suspected HII in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit/Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. After receiving a bolus of ultrasound contrast agent Lumason (Bracco Diagnostics Inc.), analysis was performed in the whole brain, cortex, cortical/subcortical gray and white matter and central gray nuclei to quantify wash-out metrics and ratios. On magnetic resonance imaging clinical imaging findings, 3 children were classified as unaffected and 3 with classical imaging findings consistent with HII. A lower wash-out rate was found in the case of HII compared with the unaffected cases. Here, we present initial work exploring the wash-out behavior for differentiation between unaffected and HII in the brain. These preliminary findings are indicative of altered hemodynamics in HII and are promising for the potential use of CEUS to quantitatively differentiate between the unaffected and HII brain. Little is known about the CEUS wash-out dynamics, especially in the setting of the pediatric brain injury. Our preliminary findings are encouraging and warrant further investigation into the mechanisms behind delayed clearance of the ultrasound contrast agent in the setting of HII.
Detection of cross-reactive IgA against SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 subunit in saliva
Authors: Tsukinoki Keiichi , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Handa Keisuke , Iwamiya Mariko , Saruta Juri , Ino Satoshi , Sakurai Takashi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAbundant secretory IgA (sIgA) in mucus, breast milk, and saliva provides immunity that prevents infection of mucosal surfaces. sIgA in pre-pandemic breast milk samples have been reported to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, but whether it also occurs in saliva and, if so, whether it cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2, has remained unknown. We aimed to clarify whether sIgA in saliva cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 subunit in individuals who have not been infected with this virus. The study included 137 (male, n = 101; female, n = 36; mean age, 38.7 [24–65] years) of dentists and doctors in the Kanagawa Dental University Hospital. Saliva and blood samples were analyzed by PCR and immunochromatography for IgG and IgM, respectively. We then identified patients with saliva samples that were confirmed as PCR- and IgM-negative for COVID-19. Proportions of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive IgA-positive individuals were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a biotin-labeled spike S1-mFc recombinant protein covering the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive IgA-positive individuals was 46.7%, and this correlated negatively with age (r = −0.218, p = 0.01). The proportion of IgA-positive individuals ≥ 50 y was significantly lower than that of patients aged ≤ 49 y (p = 0.008). sIgA was purified from the saliva of all patients, and the salivary sIgA was found to suppress the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the ACE-2 receptor. We found SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive sIgA in the saliva of some participants who had never been infected with the virus, suggesting that sIgA helps prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Gene name errors: lessons not learned
Authors: Abeysooriya Mandhri , Soria Megan , Kasu Mary Sravya , Ziemann Mark 
Published: April 2021

AbstractErroneous conversion of gene names into other dates and other data types has been a frustration for computational biologists for years. We hypothesized that such errors in supplementary files might diminish after a report in 2016 highlighting the extent of the problem. To assess this, we performed a scan of supplementary files published in PubMed Central from 2014 to 2020. Overall, gene name errors continued to accumulate unabated in the period after 2016. An improved scanning software we developed identified gene name errors in 30.9% of articles with supplementary Excel gene lists; a figure significantly higher than previously estimated. This is due to gene names being converted not just to dates and floating-point numbers, but also to internal date format (five-digit numbers). These findings further reinforce that spreadsheets are ill-suited to use with large genomic data.
Deletion of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2 inFoxD1-lineage mesenchymal cells leads to congenital truncal alopecia
Authors: Rosendahl Ann-Helen , Monnius Mia , Laitala Anu , Railo Antti , Miinalainen Ilkka , Heljasvaara Ritva , Mäki Joni M. , Myllyharju Johanna 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTHypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) induce hundreds of genes regulating oxygen homeostasis in tissues. Oxygen sensors of the cells, the HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4Hs), regulate the stability and activity of HIFs in an oxygen-dependent manner. In this study, we show that lack ofHif-p4h-2inFoxD1-lineage mesodermal cells interferes the normal development of hair follicles (HF) in mice. TheFoxD1-lineage cells were found to be mainly mesenchymal cells located in the dermis of truncal skin, including the cells composing the dermal papilla of the HF. UponHif-p4h-2inactivation, HF development was disturbed during the first catagen leading to formation of large epithelial lined HF cysts filled by unorganized keratins, which eventually manifested as truncal alopecia. The depletion ofHif-p4h-2led to HIF stabilization and dysregulation of multiple genes involved in keratin formation, HF differentiation, and HIF, TGFβ and Notch signaling. The failure of the controlled process of HF cycling is likely to be mechanistically caused by disruption of the precise and timely interplay of the HIF, TGFβ and Notch pathways. In summary, we show here for the first time that HIF-P4H-2 function inFoxD1-lineage cells is essential for the normal development and homeostasis of HFs.
Mobius Assembly for Plant Systems highlights promoter-terminator interaction in gene regulation
Authors: Andreou Andreas I. , Nirkko Jessica , Ochoa-Villarreal Marisol , Nakayama Naomi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTPlant synthetic biology is a fast-evolving field that employs engineering principles to empower research and bioproduction in plant systems. Nevertheless, in the whole synthetic biology landscape, plant systems lag compared to microbial and mammalian systems. When it comes to multigene delivery to plants, the predictability of the outcome is decreased since it depends on three different chassis:E. coli,Agrobacterium, and the plant species. Here we aimed to develop standardised and streamlined tools for genetic engineering in plant synthetic biology. We have devised Mobius Assembly for Plant Systems (MAPS), a user-friendly Golden Gate Assembly system for fast and easy generation of complex DNA constructs. MAPS is based on a new group of small plant binary vectors (pMAPs) that contains an origin of replication from a cryptic plasmid ofParacoccus pantotrophus. The functionality of the pMAP vectors was confirmed by transforming the MM1 cell culture, demonstrating for the first time that plant transformation is dependent on theAgrobacteriumstrains and plasmids; plasmid stability was highly dependent on the plasmid and bacterial strain. We made a library of new short promoters and terminators and characterised them using a high-throughput protoplast expression assay. Our results underscored the strong influence of terminators in gene expression, and they altered the strength of promoters in some combinations and indicated the presence of synergistic interactions between promoters and terminators. Overall this work will further facilitate plant synthetic biology and contribute to improving its predictability, which is challenged by combinatorial interactions among the genetic parts, vectors, and chassis.
Candida albicansenhances the progression of oral squamous cell cancrinomain vitroandin vivo
Authors: Vadovics M , Igaz N , Alföldi R , Rakk D , Veres É , Szücs B , Horváth M , Tóth R , Szücs A , Horváth P , Tiszlavicz L , Vágvölgyi C , Nosanchuk JD , Szekeres A , Kiricsi M , Puskás LG , Gácser A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a serious health issue worldwide. OSCC is highly associated with oral candidiasis, although it is unclear whether the fungus promotes the genesis and progression of OSCC or cancer facilitates the growth of the fungus. Therefore, we investigated whetherCandidacould directly influence OSCC development and progression. Ourin vitroresults suggest that the presence of liveC. albicans, but notC. parapsilosis, enhances the progression of OSCC by stimulating the production of matrix metalloproteinases, oncometabolites, pro-tumor signaling routes, and overexpression of prognostic marker genes associated with metastatic events. We also found that oral candidiasis triggered byC. albicansenhanced the progression of OSCCin vivothrough the induction of inflammation and overexpression of metastatic genes and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, these results suggest thatC. albicansactively participates in the complex process of OSCC progression.
Are some commercial diets inadequate in essential nutrients?
Authors: Preston Alan M. , Rodriguez Cindy A. , Preston Marianna M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommercial manufacturers have formulated diets to promote not only weight reduction but also to reduce risks of chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to determine if these formulations satisfy requirements for essential nutrients.MethodsWe have selected two established commercial diets, one low fat, high carbohydrate (diet 1) and the other, high fat, low carbohydrate (diet 2) and determined “representative meals” through use of recipes suggested in the manufacturer’s manuals. Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software has been used to perform the most extensive nutrient analysis to date of these diets. Tables report macronutrients (energy), vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, essential lipids and nutrient-related components for a total of 62entries.ResultsDiet 1 satisfied requirements for 50 of these (81%) with only vitamin B12, vitamin D, and essential fatty acids not reaching recommended levels, while fiber and glycemic load exceeded suggested values. Diet 2 satisfied requirements for 46 of the components (71%) but had excess percentage of fat, especially saturated fat, sodium and cholesterol as well as decreased percentage of carbohydrate resulting in suboptimal intake of B-complex vitamins (B1, niacin and total folate) as well as fiber.ConclusionsNeither diet satisfied adequacy for all reported nutrients. However, based on nutrient content alone diet 1, if supplemented or modified, could be sustained over the long term whereas diet 2 should not be encouraged for long term adaptation
How hydrological connectivity regulates the plant recovery process in salt marshes
Authors: Wang Qing , Xie Tian , Luo Meng , Bai Junhong , Chen Cong , Ning Zhonghua , Cui Baoshan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Designing effective restoration strategies is a priority in recovering salt marsh plants. Hydrological connectivity is a main driver underpinning the success of the plant recovery process and can regulate life‐history process‐based restoration strategies. However, the relationship between these is unclear.

Plant recovery needs to go through a whole life‐history process, from seed to adult. Common restoration strategies are seed addition (SA) or seedling transplantation (ST), which start from seed germination and seedling growth stage. Besides these two strategies, another strategy starting from seed retention stage, microtopographic adjustment (MA), was designed to study the relationship with hydrological connectivity. A framework was also constructed to assess a gradient of hydrological connectivity between marsh plain and sea. We conducted several field experiments to test their relationships.

The composite measurement of hydrological connectivity with five geomorphic variables can well represent the variation of environmental factors. Soil moisture, inundation frequency and sediment deposition were positively correlated, while soil salinity and hardness were negatively correlated with hydrological connectivity.

The success of different restoration strategies varied with hydrological connectivity. MA showed a monotone decreasing trend, while SA and ST showed a unimodal trend as hydrological connectivity increased. Importantly, each strategy occupies a non‐overlapping optimum range along the hydrological connectivity gradient. There is low hydrological connectivity for MA (0–0.28), middle hydrological connectivity for SA (0.28–0.55) and high hydrological connectivity for ST (0.55–1).

Synthesis and applications. Our findings expand the quantification of the hydrological environment beyond elevation, distance or other single index to include a range of elements of hydrological connectivity, thus illustrating the underlying mechanisms of hydrological connectivity which regulate restoration strategies based on different life stages. The results provide a reliable framework to assess hydrological connectivity and offer guidance to select the optimum restoration strategy under different hydrological connectivities or to regulate the hydrological connectivity variables (topography on marsh plain and morphology of tidal creeks) to relief stresses. These findings will be beneficial to ecological restoration and coastal management.
Signalling pathway of U46619‐induced vascular smooth muscle contraction in mouse coronary artery
Authors: Jiang Run‐Sheng , Zhang Li , Yang Hui , Zhou Meng‐Yuan , Deng Chun‐Yu , Wu Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThromboxane A2 (TXA2) participates in many pathophysiological processes of coronary artery disease. However, its mechanism of TXA2‐induced contraction in the coronary artery remains to be clarified. A multi myograph system was used to measure the isometric tension of the mouse coronary arteries and identify the effect and pathway of TXA2 analogues U46619. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in mouse coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Results from the experiment had shown that contraction in coronary artery was generated by U46619 in a concentration‐dependent manner, which was completely abolished by a specific TXA2 receptor blocker, GR32191. PI‐PLC inhibitors U73122 and D609 and Rho‐Kinase inhibitor Y‐27632 can block the U46619 elicited coronary artery contraction in a dose‐dependent manner. Then, the vasoconstriction response to U46619 was obviously inhibited by two pan‐PKC inhibitors chelerythrine or Gӧ6983, and a selective PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin, but was not blocked by a selective PKCζ inhibitor PKC‐PS or a selective PKCβ inhibitor hispidin. Meanwhile, the PKC activator PDBu‐induced vasoconstriction was significantly inhibited by 1 μmol/L nifedipine, then mostly inhibited by 100 μmol/L 2‐APB and 10 μmol/L Y27632. We further found that the response to U46619 was inhibited, respectively, by three calcium channel blockers nifedipine, SKF96356 or 2‐APB in a concentration‐dependent manner. Although Store‐operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels generated the increase of [Ca2+]i in mouse coronary artery smooth muscle cells, SOC channels did not contribute to the vasoconstriction in mouse coronary arteries. Caffeine‐induced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release could obviously induce coronal vasoconstriction. In addition, NPPB, a cell membrane Ca2+ activated C1− channel blocker, could obviously inhibit the U46619‐induced vasoconstriction. The U46619‐induced mouse coronary artery contraction was involved in the increase in [Ca2+]i mediated by Cav1.2, TRPC channels and SR release through the activation of G‐protein‐coupled TP receptors and the kinases signalling pathway in TP downstream proteins, while SOC channels did not participate in the vasoconstriction.
New media and the digitized paranormal: instrumentation, affective atmospheres, and the production of history in Chile
Authors: Espírito Santo Diana , Barceló Gonzalo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the last decade in Chile, an increasing amount of paranormal investigation companies have carried out ghost tours in patrimonial and historical places, using diverse technologies to penetrate into the history of sites. We ethnographically and analytically explore two related questions. First, we ask what paranormal instrumentation does to collective memory and to history. We argue that these ‘registers’ of the paranormal create ‘affective atmospheres’, namely from the forms of indeterminacy embedded in the functioning and performance of the apparatuses. Our argument is that these machines are mechanisms for the creation of a new history, one that is apprehended affectively. Second, in the context of an explosion of adherence in Chile to forms of new media, we employ the notion of ‘dark media’ to illustrate that online material posted by paranormal researchers appears to escape any form of mediational understanding, feeding at once the public's perceptive and affective dispositions.
Critically reviewing the policies used by colleges to select doctors for specialty training: A kink in the rural pathway
Authors: McGrail Matthew , O'Sullivan Belinda , Gurney Tiana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo review the selection policies and models used by speciality colleges to select candidates for entry to vocational training, exploring whether these processes are rural‐focused.DesignA systematic desktop audit of college selection processes and criteria was done via college websites (Australian Medical Council (AMC) requires selection information to be publicly available).Setting and main outcomesMaterial was extracted into a structured template, in 2020. Information extracted related to (i) training entry and selection steps; (ii) selection criteria and elements; (iii) rural‐focused components; and (iv) rural outcomes. Findings were critically reviewed to explore their degree of rural focus.ResultsOf 14 specialist colleges included, rural‐focused selection mostly related to college‐led selection models rather than employer‐led. Six colleges had rural‐focused selection criteria (four college‐led), with the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine strongest, utilising a ‘suitability assessment’ for rural practice. Of the remaining five, childhood background or rural work experience contributed between 5% and 20% of the curriculum vitae assessment. Of eight specialist colleges without rural‐focused selection, six used employer‐led selection models.ConclusionsThe majority of specialty colleges have no rural‐focused selection criteria and colleges using employer‐led models are weakest. Given that the colleges are required to adhere to the AMC's accreditation standards, it follows that the best way to mobilise change is by including rural selection policies within the AMC standards and requiring reporting of selection outcomes, regardless of the selection models used. This will substantially strengthen ongoing rural pathways in medicine.