bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Fast Broad-Range ITS/LSU DNA PCR and Sequencing Assay (FBR-PCR/S) for Rapid Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases: Multi-Year Experience in a Large Canadian Healthcare Zone and a Literature Review
Authors: Chow B , Groeschel M , Carson J , Griener Thomas , Church Deirdre 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study evaluated the performance of a novel fast broad range PCR and sequencing (FBR-PCR/S) assay for the improved diagnosis of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in high-risk patients in a large Canadian healthcare region.MethodsA total of 114 clinical specimens (CS) including bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) were prospectively tested from 107 patients over a 2-year period. Contrived BALs (n=33) inoculated with known fungi pathogens were also tested to increase diversity. Patient characteristics, fungal stain and culture results were collected from the laboratory information system. Dual-priming oligonucleotide (DPO) primers targeted to the ITS (~350 bp) and LSU (~550 bp) gene regions were used to perform FBR-PCR/S assays on extracted BALs/CS. The performance of the molecular test was evaluated against results of fungal stains and culture, and where available, histopathology, and clinical review for the presence of IFD.ResultsThe 107 patients were predominantly male (67, 62.6%%) with a mean age of 59 yrs. (range = 0 to 85 yrs.): 74 (69.2%) patients had at least one underlying comorbidity: 19 (34.5%) had confirmed and 12 (21.8%) had probable IFD. Culture recovered 66 fungal isolates from 55 BALs/CS with Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. being most common. For BALs, the molecular assay vs. fungal culture had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), and efficiency of 88.5% vs.100%, 100% vs. 61.1%, 100% vs. 88.5%, 61.1% vs. 100%, and 90.2% for both. For other CS, the molecular assay had similar performance to fungal culture with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and efficiency of 66.7%, 87.0%, 66.7%, 87.0% and 81.3% for both methods. Both methods also performed similarly, regardless of whether CS stain/microscopy showed yeast/fungal elements. FBR-PCR/S assays results were reported in ~8h compared to fungal cultures that took between 4 to 6 weeks.ConclusionsRapid molecular testing compared to culture has equivalent diagnostic efficiency but improves clinical utility by reporting a rapid species-level identification the same dayshift (~8h).
Development of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) for Reactive Agility Tennis: Literature Review and Validity of Aiken
Authors: Alim Abdul , Tomoliyus Tomoliyus , Fauzi Fauzi , Ariani Nevita , Widodo Hary 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The purpose of this study was to examine High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) for Reactive Agility Tennis with a literature review approach and develop HIIT for Reactive Agility Tennis with Aiken validation.
Methods

This research method consists of two stages: the first stage using the Literature review method and the second stage is Aiken validation. In the first stage, the participants of this research used documents. Data collection through the Pubmed database, and Google Scholar, used the PRISMA. Data analysis uses thematic analysis through three stages. The second stage is validating the HIIT model for Reactive Agility Tennis. The participants of this study used eight experts. Data analysis using the Aiken formula.
Results

the results of previous research on HIIT for reactive agility tennis found similarities, namely in general, using high intensity, a minimum number of eight types, training frequency at least 3 times per week, whereas in general the difference in training intervals, the type of HIIT exercise in previous studies for Increases reactive tennis agility. In addition, there are very few HIIT studies for reactive agility in tennis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop HIIT for reactive agility tennis. The second stage of this research has found a high validity of Aiken value in the development of HITT for reactive agility tennis.
Conclusions

HIIT highly increasing reactive tennis agility, therefore, HIIT can be used by coaches to increase tennis athletes' reactive agility, and further research needs to be done.
Systematic Review registrations:
SYSR-D-21-00999
Examining the place of the Female Condom in India’s Family Planning Program: A qualitative investigation of the attitudes and opinions of key stakeholders in Pune, India
Authors: Weerasinghe Medhavi , Agawane Shubhangi , Karandikar Neelima , Fisher Jane , Sastry Jayagowri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: With overpopulation contributing to the depletion of planetary resources, the high rates of unintended pregnancies in India are a cause for concern. Despite the free supply of contraception options within India’s national family planning initiatives, women are generally offered hormonal options as temporary spacing methods. However, female condoms, a much neglected but potent women initiated, non-hormonal multipurpose prevention device, are yet to be considered for inclusion in India’s contraceptive cafeteria. Thus, we aim to examine the place of female condoms among the contraceptive options, by analysing the perceptions of key stakeholders regarding its advantages and disadvantages, along with their opinions on how female condoms should be promoted.Methods: We used purposive sampling to recruit and interview potential users and dispensers of the female condom. The interview participants visited or worked at family planning clinics in Pune at Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital (SKNMC-GH), its urban and rural outreach clinics, and at Saheli (a non-governmental organisation for female sex workers). We conducted semi-structured interviews and coded our data inductively. Results: We interviewed 5 rural women, 20 urban women (including 10 female sex workers), 5 male partners of female sex workers, and 5 family planning healthcare providers. Nearly half (12/25) of the women we interviewed, said that they were eager to use female condoms in the future. Many participants perceived female condoms to be an instrument to empower women to be in control of their sexual and reproductive lives (15/35), and that it provided user comfort and confidence (4/35). Their perceived disadvantages are that they are relatively more expensive (6/35), users have limited experience (9/35), and women who buy or use them may be stigmatised and feel embarrassed (4/35). Yet, nearly three-quarters of potential users (21/30) and most healthcare providers (4/5), were confident that female condoms could become popular following extensive promotional campaigns, interventions to improve availability and access, and initiatives to enhance the knowledge of female users. Conclusions: Female condoms have garnered support from both users and dispensers and have the potential to be widely adopted in India if family planning initiatives which increase awareness, knowledge, and access are systematically undertaken as with other contraceptive options.
Ventilatory Ratio is a Valuable Prognostic Indicator in a Representative Observational Cohort of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Siegel Emily R. , Zhuo Hanjing , Sinha Pratik , Papolos Alexander I. , Ni Siyuan A. , Vessel Kathryn , Belzer Annika , Minus Emily B. , Calfee Carolyn S. , Matthay Michael A. , Wick Katherine DesPrez 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Estimating mortality risk is essential for prognostic enrichment. How various indices specific to respiratory compromise contribute to prognostication in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not well-characterized in general clinical populations. The primary objective of this study was to identify variables specific to respiratory failure that add prognostic value to indicators of systemic illness severity. We tested the added benefit of respiratory variables in a representative observational cohort of patients with ARDS.Methods 50 patients with ARDS were enrolled in a single-center, prospective, observational cohort. We tested the contribution of respiratory variables (oxygenation index, ventilatory ratio [VR], and the radiographic assessment of lung edema score) to logistic regression models of 28-day mortality adjusted for indicators of systemic illness severity (the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] III score or severity of shock as measured by the number of vasopressors required at baseline). We also compared a model utilizing APACHE III with one including baseline number of vasopressors using the areas under their receiver operating curves.ResultsVR significantly improved model performance by likelihood ratio testing when added to APACHE III (p = 0.04) or vasopressor number at baseline (p = 0.01). Adjusted for APACHE III, each 0.5-unit change in VR was associated with an odds ratio for 28-day mortality of 1.78 (95% CI = 0.78-3.23). The number of vasopressors required at baseline had similar prognostic discrimination to the multi-component APACHE III. A model including the number of vasopressors and VR (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC] 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.90) was comparable to a model including APACHE III and VR (AUROC 0.81 (95% CI 0.68 – 0.93), p value for comparison = 0.58.) ConclusionsIn this observational cohort of patients with ARDS, the ventilatory ratio significantly improved discrimination for mortality when combined with indicators of severe systemic illness. Additionally, the number of vasopressors required at baseline and APACHE III had similar discrimination for mortality when combined with VR. The ventilatory ratio is easily obtained at the bedside and offers promise for both clinical prognostication and enriching clinical trial populations.
Optimizing the Mean and Variance of Bead Geometry in the Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing Using a Desirability Function Method
Authors: Cho Jin-Soo , Lee Dong-Hee , Seo Gi-Jeong , Kim Duck-Bong , Shin Seung-Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is an arc welding process that uses non-consumable tungsten electrodes to produce the weld. The material used in this study is a titanium, carbon, zirconium, and molybdenum (TZM) alloy that is physically and chemically stable and has good performance for use as a welding and high-temperature heating element. However, the price is higher than that of other materials. Because welding cannot be modified after manufacturing, economic losses are high in the case of a defective product. Therefore, it is important to find the best welding settings for the target bead geometry during welding. In this study, welding experiments are designed based on a central composite design, and single-layer WAAM is performed using a TZM material. Consequently, we obtain 17 beads and measure the height, width, as well as left and right toe angles, which represent the geometry of the beads. Based on the measured geometry, we obtain the optimal settings for the WAAM parameters whereat the mean of each geometry is close to its target value and its variance is minimized by using a desirability function method. Furthermore, we conduct additional experiments to validate the optimal settings that we obtain. We compare the predicted and actual geometry values and find that they are quite close. This result indicates that valid optimal settings for the process parameters can be obtained via the proposed method.
Resolving User Conflicts in Multi-user Context-aware Home Environment
Authors: Aljawarneh Mahmoud , Dhomeja Lachhman Das , Malkani Yasir Arafat , shah shahid munir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Context-awareness is an enabling technology of pervasive computing that allows applications to adapt themselves in responseto contexts (e.g. activity, location, temperature level, etc.). However, an issue of user conflicts in context-aware applicationsmay arise when multiple users want to access the same application. Our research focuses on this issue and proposes aconflict resolution approach that resolves the conflicts in context-aware home applications. The proposed approach takes intoconsideration the users’ special case contexts (e.g. illness of user) along with their priorities and preferences. The proposedapproach is also useful in cases where multiple users with multiple special cases try to access one application or service.To show the usefulness of the proposed approach, we have integrated the proposed conflict manager with the UbiREAL, asimulated context-aware home environment. The conflict manager utilizes different strategies and different approaches toresolve user conflicts according to the involved situation to suit the need of the family. The prototype evaluation shows thatthe users are satisfied with the proposed system and suggests that the use of users’ special case contexts in detecting andresolving the user conflicts is essential and necessary in the context-aware smart home environments.
The Effect of Particle Size on the Absorption of Cyclosporin A Nanosuspension Through the Gastrointestinal Barrier
Authors: Sun Wenjun , Gao Jing , Fan Ranran , Zhang Ting , Tian Yang , Wang Zengming , Zhang Hui , Zheng Aiping 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The particle size is one of great important properties of nanoparticles which affects the dissolution rate in vitro and pharmacokinetics in vivo. This study aimed to design an oral cyclosporin A nanosuspension (CsA-NS) and investigate the effect of particle size of cyclosporin A nanosuspension (CsA-NS) on absorption through the gastrointestinal barrier.Results: CsA-NSs with different particle sizes were prepared. Dissolution rate in vitro, transmembrane permeation, gastrointestinal transport properties and the oral absorption of CsA-NSs were promoted by reducing size, except cellular uptake. Specially the particle size of CsA-NSs was nanoscale, their bioavailability was bioequivalent with marked soft capsules (Sandimmun Neoral®) which is self-microemulsion. Conclusions: This study proposed the potential of developing CsA oral multi dosage form, taken the advantage of nanosuspensions.
Rapidly quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Klebsiella pneumoniae using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry under optimal conditions
Authors: Zhang Anran , Chen Qianqian , Dong Yulan , Tian Bin , Li Jing , Hu Zhidong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, especially Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), have become an “Urgent Threats” with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, rapidly determining of the susceptibility and timely choosing an appropriate antibiotic were the important premises of the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. The present study was first to explore the fitness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in quantitative rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) with optimal conditions.
Methods
Firstly, we optimized the methodology based on the formic acid extraction method. Taking broth micro-dilution method (BMD) as a reference method, we utilized 25-fold, 50-fold and 100-fold dilutions matching with appropriate incubation time to evaluate the consistency of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values derived from BMD and MALDI-TOF MS. Finally, the performances of optimal dilution and incubation time were verified through the reproducibility on different three days.
Results
Directly incubated in the EP tubes and skipped the washing step can not only simplify the procedure, but reduce the unnecessary loss of bacteria biomass to improve sensitivity. The optimal volumes of 70% formic acid/100% acetonitrile (FA/ACN) and supernatant on the target plate were 3 µL and 2 µL, respectively. Comparing the different combination, 25-fold dilution of the 0.5 McFarland suspension and 2hr incubation time resulted in best performance. The consistency between the MS-MIC and corresponding BMD-MIC values in CRKP and Carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP) strains accounted for 76.67% and 66.67%, respectively, which generated the substantial agreements between MS-MIC and BMD-MIC values for CRKP strains (Kappa=0.643) and the moderate agreements for CSKP strains (Kappa=0.476). Finally, the MALDI-TOF MS-based RAST showed a well repeatability.
Conclusion
Considerable potentials were demonstrated for universal and mechanism-indepent RAST by MALDI-TOF MS with optimal conditions, which strengthened its application in accelerating reporting time and clinical diagnosis.
Accurate Prediction Model - Polygenic Risk Score for High-Risk Individuals Predictive of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Duan Fujiao , Song Chunhua , Wang Peng , Ye Hua , Dai Liping , Zhang Jianying , Wang Kaijuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The genetic variation of gastric cancer has not been fully identified. We aimed to screen and identify common variant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) related SNPs associated with the risk of gastric cancer, and construct and evaluate prediction models based on polygenic risk score (PRS).
Methods

Non-genetic factors such as H.pylori infection, environment, and genetic factors associated with gastric cancer were screened following meta-analysis and bioinformatics,verified by frequency matched case-control study. PRS and weighted genetic risk scores (wGRS) were derived from estimation of effect size. Net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), akaike information criterion (AIC) and bayesian information criterion (BIC) were used to evaluate model.
Results

A risk gradient was observed across quantile of the PRS, the results showed that the risk of gastric cancer in the highest 10 quantile of PRS was 3.24 folds higher than that of the general population (OR=3.24,95%CI: 2.07, 5.06). The PRS with one or more risk factors (smoking, drinking and H. pylori infection) was superior to the single genetic risk model. For NRI and IDI, the PRS combinations were significantly improved compared to wGRS model combinations (P<0.001). The model of PRS combined with lncRNA SNPs, smoking, drinking and H. pylori infection was the best fitting model (AIC=117.23, BIC=122.31).
Conclusion

Our findings indicated that the model based on PRS combined with lncRNA SNPs, smoking, drinking, and H. pylori infection had the optimal predictive ability on the risk of gastric cancer, contributing to distinguish high-risk groups from population.
Vertical Plane Buoyant Jets and Fountains in a Uniform Stagnant Ambient Revisited
Authors: Minos Panagiotis , Papanicolaou Panos N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Planar, vertical buoyant jets are of particular interest, both for research and practical purposes for being related to the disposal of the effluent from wastewater treatment plants or saline, a by-product from desalination plants into a body of stagnant fluid. Analytical, closed form solution is derived for plane buoyant jets based on a buoyant jet width parameter proposed by List and Imberger (1973), and compares to earlier laboratory experiments satisfactorily. The derived entrainment coefficient as a function of the local Richardson number of the flow, takes two asymptotic values for jet-like and plume-like flows, while in fountains it takes values lower than that in jets. Laboratory experiments were performed to measure the penetration height of vertical plane fountains with initial Froude number in the range 20 to 130 using shadowgraph and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) techniques. Interest was focused on the maximum and terminal, steady-state penetration height before the flow direction reversed. The flow was found to be in a state of unstable equilibrium, as it deviated from the vertical axis, swinging on either side. The equations of motion have been solved numerically using the derived entrainment coefficient function, and the results are congruent to earlier and present experiment for vertical fountains.
Tactics for using a Mobile Robot to Recover an Overturned wheeled Vehicle
Authors: Ikeda Hidetoshi , Atoji Shinya , Amemiya Manami , Tajima Shingo , Kitada Takayoshi , Fukai Kotaro , Sato Keisuke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes mobile robot tactics for recovering a wheeled vehicle that has overturned. If such a vehicle were to tip over backward off its wheels and become unable to recover itself, especially in areas where it would be difficult for humans to enter and work, total working efficiency could decline significantly, not only because the vehicle is no only able to perform its job, but because it becomes an obstacle to other work. Herein, we propose a robot-based recovery method that can be used to recover such overturned vehicles and demonstrates its utility. The recovery robot, which uses a mounted manipulator and hand to recover the overturned vehicle, is also equipped with a camera and a personal computer (PC). The ARToolKit software package installed on the robot-mounted PC detects ARmarkers attached to the overturned vehicle and uses the information they provide to orient itself in order to perform recovery operations. To facilitate these ARToolKit-based operations, it is necessary to conduct a theoretical analysis to clarify the distance between the robot manipulator and vehicle, and thus achieve an objective position for grasping the overturned vehicle. The experimental results obtained in this study demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system.