bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P29: TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS PLANE BLOCK IN LAPAROSCOPIC BARIATRIC SURGERY- A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META ANALYSIS OF RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Aamir A , Sahebally SM , Heneghan HM 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Effective postoperative analgesia is paramount in the management of patients undergoing bariatric surgery, given their increased predisposition to systemic narcotic-induced respiratory depression. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has shown promise in the enhanced recovery pathway for several abdominal procedures. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of TAP block in laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Method
PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles from inception until November 2019. All trials that compared TAP blocks versus none in laparoscopic bariatric procedures were included. The primary outcome measure was narcotic consumption at 24 hours postoperatively, while secondary outcomes included pain scores, time to ambulation, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and complication rates. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled effect size estimates.

Result
Seven randomised controlled trials were included capturing 617 patients. There was high statistical heterogeneity across studies. On random effects analysis, there were no significant differences in narcotic consumption (Mean difference –18.4 mg, 95% CI=-38.7 to 1.91, p=0.08), pain scores (Mean difference -0.71, 95% CI=-1.93 to 0.50, p=0.25) or complications (OR=0.67, 95% CI=0.11 to 4.23, p=0.67) between TAP and no TAP groups. However, TAP was associated with significantly less time to ambulation (Mean difference -2.22 hours, 95% CI=-3.89 to -0.56, p=0.009), and PONV (OR=0.13, 95% CI=0.05 to 0.35, p&lt;0.0001) rates.

Conclusion
TAP in laparoscopic bariatric surgery is associated with significantly less PONV and time to ambulation but similar narcotic usage, postoperative pain and complication rates, compared to no TAP.

Take-home message
TAP in laparoscopic bariatric surgery is associated with a shorter time to ambulation and less PONV but similar postoperative pain and narcotic usage, compared to no TAP.
P30: PYY HORMONE UPREGULATES PROXIMAL GLP-1 RELEASE AFTER ROUX EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS
Authors: Prada-Oliveira JA , Camacho-Ramirez A , Almorza-Gomar D , Ribelles-Garcia A , Carrasco-Molinillo MA , Pérez-Arana G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Nowadays Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has provided a powerful treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless how anatomical arrangements after RYGB influeces entero-hormonal response and the role of Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine (PYY) in the restoration of normoglycaemia are still not clear. MATERIAL AND

Method
We demonstrate that PYY plasma levels showed a remarkable peak, around thirty minutes earlier than GLP-1 or GIP, after mixed-meal administration in non obese Goto – Kakizaki RYGB-operated rats . Also, we found that PYY (3-36) infusion led to increased GLP-1 and GIP plasma levels close to those obtained after a meal.

Result
Histologically the number of GLP-1 positive cells number appeared to increase in the three segments of the small intestine:duodenum jejunum and ileum in GK RYGB-operated rats beyond early presence of nutrient stimulation in the ileum. But nevertheless, PYY positive cell numbers appeared to increased only in the ileum.

Conclusion
Taking together this findings suggest an earlier central role for PYY in gut hormone regulation after RYGB in our model, contributing to GLP-1 and GIP release and support the existence of enteroendocrine communication routes between the distal and proximal small intestine.

Take-home message
Enterohormones release changes after bariatric surgery due to the consequences in nutrients flow. The GLP-1 release is increased and we report its related to the PYY regulation.
P34: PRINTABILITY & CYTOCOMPATIBILITY TESTING OF XANTHAN GUM FOR EXTRUSION-BASED 3D BIOPRINTING IN WOUND HEALING
Authors: Moura F , Malferrari S , Kalaskar D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Bioprinting facilitates highly-specific deposition of skin cells and biomaterials. Skin bioprinting is still limited by prolonged printing processes, poor mechanical properties and incomplete complexities. An important barrier is identifying an ideal hydrogel for skin bioprinting – one with a good balance between printing viable cells and producing robust scaffolds. Herein, three hydrogels were tested for potential use as bio-inks.

Method
A pneumatic-extrusion Inkredible 3D bioprinter was used. Initially, different concentrations of Alginate (reference), XG and Alginate/XG mixture were quantitatively evaluated for printability by calculating aspect ratio, square printability and cylinder height. The best two printable concentrations of each hydrogel were selected to undergo hDF viability testing to assess the effect of the printing process (Nozzle diameter and viscosity). The best concentration for each hydrogel group with best cell viability then underwent a 14-day hDF cytocompatibility testing period by using Live/dead staining, metabolic activity, dsDNA and collagen quantification.

Result
XG revealed a remarkable ability to build 3D shapes (XG(6%) with 27G nozzle-10.0mm±0.2 cylinder height). XG(6%), Alginate/XG(4%/10%) and Alginate(6%) were identified as the best concentrations to undergo 14-day cytocompatibility testing. XG(6%) and Alginate/XG(4%/10%) had better day 1 hDF viability (87.3%±2.9; 87.6%±1.5, respectively) than Alginate(6%)(74%±2.65). All hydrogels had gradually improving cell viability. Cell proliferation remained comparable amongst all hydrogels. Moreover, collagen production was confirmed in all constructs.

Conclusion
Bioprinted XG is cytocompatible with hDF still further optimisation of XG is required to prolong its degradability to optimise its application as a hydrogel for skin bioprinting.

Abbrev
XG–Xanthan gum; hDF–human Dermal Fibroblasts

Take-home message
There is still no ideal hydrogel identified for the purpose of skin bioprinting. An updated systematic review should be carried out to assess the current best available hydrogels.
P37: THE IMPACT OF TEMPORAL ARTERY BIOPSY AT A UK TERTIARY PLASTIC SURGERY UNIT
Authors: Chew BJW , Khajuria A , Ibanez J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Guidelines recommend temporal artery biopsy (TAB) for patients suspected of having giant cell arteritis (GCA). We evaluated the impact of TAB on the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected GCA at a tertiary plastic surgery unit.

Method
A retrospective review of all TAB procedures performed at our centre over 7 years was performed. One hundred and one patients were included in the study. Patients were classified into 3 diagnostic groups: confirmed (positive TAB), presumed (negative TAB with high clinical suspicion) and unlikely (negative TAB with low clinical suspicion). The clinical presentation and management for each group were compared.

Result
The average American College of Rheumatology (ACR) score was 3.07. The number of patients with an ACR score of ≥3 before TAB was 72 (71.3%) and remained the same after TAB. The number of patients who remained on steroid therapy was lower in the group with an unlikely diagnosis of GCA compared to the group with a confirmed diagnosis (p&lt;0.05). Conversely, there was no significant difference in steroid therapy between those with a presumed and confirmed diagnosis (p&gt;0.05).

Conclusion
This study found a significant difference in steroid treatment between those with confirmed GCA and those where the diagnosis was unlikely showing that TAB may support decisions regarding steroid therapy. However, TAB was inappropriately requested for patients whose pre-TAB ACR score was ≥3 as this score is sufficient for the diagnosis of GCA. Therefore, the use of TAB should be limited to cases of diagnostic uncertainty.

Take-home message
while temporal artery biopsy has a role to play in the diagnosis of GCA, its use should be limited to cases of diagnostic uncertainty and not requested for every patient with a suspicion of Giant Cell Arteritis.
Malassezia restricta:An Underdiagnosed Causative Agent of Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Houhamdi-Hammou Linda , Benito Yvonne , Boibieux André , Dupont Damien , Delahaye François , Thivolet-Bejui Françoise , Wallon Martine , Vandenesch François , Bouchiat Coralie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfective endocarditis (IE) is a severe disease requiring microbial identification to successfully adapt its treatment. Currently, identification of its etiological microorganism remains unresolved in 5.2% of cases. We aimed to improve IE diagnosis using an ultra-sensitive molecular technique on cardiac samples in microbiologically nondocumented (culture and conventional polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) IE (NDIE) cases.MethodsCardiac samples explanted in a tertiary hospital in Lyon, France, from patients with definite IE over a 5-year period were retrospectively analyzed. NDIE was defined as Duke definite-IE associated with negative explorations including cardiac samples culture, bacterial amplification, and serologies. Ultrasensitive molecular diagnosis was achieved using the Universal Microbe Detection kit (Molzym®). Fungal identification was confirmed using 26S-rDNA and internal transcribed spacer amplifications. Fungal infection was confirmed using Grocott-Gromori staining, auto-immunohistochemistry on cardiac samples, and mannan serologies.ResultsAmong 88 included patients, microbial DNA was detected in all 16 NDIE cases. Bacterial taxa typical of IE etiologies were detected in 13/16 cases and Malassezia restricta in the 3 other cases. In these 3 cases, histological examination confirmed the presence of fungi pathognomonic of Malassezia that reacted with patient sera in an auto-immunohistochemistry assay and cross-reacted with Candida albicans in an indirect immunofluorescent assay.ConclusionsM. restricta appears to be an underestimated causative agent of NDIE. Importantly, serological cross-reaction of M. restricta with C. albicans may lead to its misdiagnosis. This is of major concern since M. restricta is intrinsically resistant to echinocandins; the reference treatment for Candida-fungal IE.
Dynamic Effects of Co-Ethnic Networks on Immigrants’ Economic Success
Authors: Battisti Michele , Peri Giovanni , Romiti Agnese 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper we investigate how co-ethnic networks affect the economic success of immigrants. Using longitudinal data of immigrants in Germany and including a large set of fixed effects and pre-migration controls to address the possible endogeneity of initial location, we find that immigrants in districts with larger co-ethnic networks are more likely to be employed soon after arrival. This advantage fades after four years, as migrants located in places with smaller co-ethnic networks catch up due to greater human capital investments. These effects appear stronger for lower-skilled immigrants, as well as for refugees and ethnic Germans.
The Scar Effects of Unemployment on Electoral Participation: Withdrawal and Mobilization across European Societies
Authors: Azzollini Leo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDoes unemployment increase or decrease electoral participation? A considerable body of work has examined this classic question, focusing on individual and contextual unemployment. However, this literature has scarcely examined the role of past experiences of unemployment, and not yet addressed their interaction with contextual unemployment. In this article, we extend the framework of unemployment scarring to study electoral behaviour. First, we posit that unemployment scars decrease electoral participation. Second, we formulate competing hypotheses on the macro–micro interactions between unemployment rates and scarring at the country, NUTS1 and 2 levels. We test these hypotheses relying on Rounds 4–8 (2008–2016) of the European Social Survey, for 26 countries. Results from logistic regressions with country and year fixed effects indicate that citizens with long unemployment scars are 9% less likely to vote than the non-scarred. We further find that higher unemployment rates at the sub-national levels slightly increase turnout, while there is no significant effect at the country level. For the sub-national levels, we find that lower unemployment rates exacerbate the individual scarring effect on turnout up to 13%. These findings remark that the framework of the scar effects of unemployment further illuminates the relationship between social stratification and political behaviour.
Short-coupled ventricular fibrillation represents a distinct phenotype among latent causes of unexplained cardiac arrest: a report from the CASPER registry
Authors: Steinberg Christian , Davies Brianna , Mellor Greg , Tadros Rafik , Laksman Zachary W , Roberts Jason D , Green Martin , Alqarawi Wael , Angaran Paul , Healey Jeffrey , Sanatani Shubhayan , Leather Richard , Seifer Colette , Fournier Anne , Duff Henry , Gardner Martin , McIntyre Ciorsti , Hamilton Robert , Simpson Christopher S , Krahn Andrew D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aims
The term idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) describes survivors of unexplained cardiac arrest (UCA) without a specific diagnosis after clinical and genetic testing. Previous reports have described a subset of IVF individuals with ventricular arrhythmia initiated by short-coupled trigger premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) for which the term short-coupled ventricular fibrillation (SCVF) has been proposed. The aim of this article is to establish the phenotype and frequency of SCVF in a large cohort of UCA survivors.

Methods and results
We performed a multicentre study including consecutive UCA survivors from the CASPER registry. Short-coupled ventricular fibrillation was defined as otherwise unexplained ventricular fibrillation initiated by a trigger PVC with a coupling interval of &lt;350 ms. Among 364 UCA survivors, 24/364 (6.6%) met diagnostic criteria for SCVF. The diagnosis of SCVF was obtained in 19/24 (79%) individuals by documented ventricular fibrillation during follow-up. Ventricular arrhythmia was initiated by a mean PVC coupling interval of 274 ± 32 ms. Electrical storm occurred in 21% of SCVF probands but not in any UCA proband (P &lt; 0.001). The median time to recurrent ventricular arrhythmia in SCVF was 31 months. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation resulted in quinidine administration in 12/24 SCVF (50%) with excellent arrhythmia control.

Conclusion
Short-coupled ventricular fibrillation is a distinct primary arrhythmia syndrome accounting for at least 6.6% of UCA. As documentation of ventricular fibrillation onset is necessary for the diagnosis, most cases are diagnosed at the time of recurrent arrhythmia, thus the true prevalence of SCVF remains still unknown. Quinidine is effective in SCVF and should be considered as first-line treatment for patients with recurrent episodes.
A Note on Algorithms for Genotype and Allele Elimination in Complex Pedigrees With Incomplete Genotype Data
Authors: Du F-X , Hoeschele I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Elimination of genotypes or alleles for each individual or meiosis, which are inconsistent with observed genotypes, is a component of various genetic analyses of complex pedigrees. Computational efficiency of the elimination algorithm is critical in some applications such as genotype sampling via descent graph Markov chains. We present an allele elimination algorithm and two genotype elimination algorithms for complex pedigrees with incomplete genotype data. We modify all three algorithms to incorporate inheritance restrictions imposed by a complete or incomplete descent graph such that every inconsistent complete descent graph is detected in any pedigree, and every inconsistent incomplete descent graph is detected in any pedigree without loops with the genotype elimination algorithms. Allele elimination requires less CPU time and memory, but does not always eliminate all inconsistent alleles, even in pedigrees without loops. The first genotype algorithm produces genotype lists for each individual, which are identical to those obtained from the Lange-Goradia algorithm, but exploits the half-sib structure of some populations and reduces CPU time. The second genotype elimination algorithm deletes more inconsistent genotypes in pedigrees with loops and detects more illegal, incomplete descent graphs in such pedigrees.
logjam Encodes a Predicted EMP24/GP25 Protein That Is Required for Drosophila Oviposition Behavior
Authors: Carney Ginger E , Taylor Barbara J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A newly characterized Drosophila melanogaster gene, logjam (loj), functions in female reproduction by modulating oviposition behavior. The locus encodes at least six overlapping transcripts with unique 5′ ends. P-element mutants that express very low levels of loj transcripts are unable to oviposit mature eggs. This phenotype can be rescued by the introduction of a transgene expressing the most abundant loj transcript. As for many genes that specify behavioral outputs, loj is present in the adult central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, it is also observed in vitellogenic egg chambers, suggesting that there may be multiple functions for this gene in egg-laying behavior. loj encodes a predicted protein with homology to the EMP24/GP25 transmembrane components of cytoplasmic vesicles and likely functions in intracellular trafficking.
A DNA-Damage-Induced Cell Cycle Checkpoint in Arabidopsis
Authors: Preuss S B , Britt A B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although it is well established that plant seeds treated with high doses of gamma radiation arrest development as seedlings, the cause of this arrest is unknown. The uvh1 mutant of Arabidopsis is defective in a homolog of the human repair endonuclease XPF, and uvh1 mutants are sensitive to both the toxic effects of UV and the cytostatic effects of gamma radiation. Here we find that gamma irradiation of uvh1 plants specifically triggers a G2-phase cell cycle arrest. Mutants, termed suppressor of gamma (sog), that suppress this radiation-induced arrest and proceed through the cell cycle unimpeded were recovered in the uvh1 background; the resulting irradiated plants are genetically unstable. The sog mutations fall into two complementation groups. They are second-site suppressors of the uvh1 mutant's sensitivity to gamma radiation but do not affect the susceptibility of the plant to UV radiation. In addition to rendering the plants resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of gamma radiation, the sog1 mutation affects the proper development of the pollen tetrad, suggesting that SOG1 might also play a role in the regulation of cell cycle progression during meiosis.
Power Evaluations for Family-Based Tests of Association With Incomplete Parental Genotypes
Authors: Yang Qiong , Xu Xin , Laird Nan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While a variety of methods have been developed to deal with incomplete parental genotype information in family-based association tests, sampling design issues with incomplete parental genotype data still have not received much attention. In this article, we present simulation studies with four genetic models and various sampling designs and evaluate power in family-based association studies. Efficiency depends heavily on disease prevalence. With rare diseases, sampling affecteds and their parents is preferred, and three sibs will be required to have close power if parents are unavailable. With more common diseases, sampling affecteds and two sibs will generally be more efficient than trios. When parents are unavailable, siblings need not be phenotyped if the disease is rare, but a loss of power will result with common diseases. Finally, for a class of complex traits where other genetic and environmental factors also cause phenotypic correlation among siblings, little loss of efficiency occurs to rare disease, but substantial loss of efficiency occurs to common disease.
A Coalescent Model of Recombination Hotspots
Authors: Wiuf Carsten , Posada David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent experimental findings suggest that the assumption of a homogeneous recombination rate along the human genome is too naive. These findings point to block-structured recombination rates; certain regions (called hotspots) are more prone than other regions to recombination. In this report a coalescent model incorporating hotspot or block-structured recombination is developed and investigated analytically as well as by simulation. Our main results can be summarized as follows: (1) The expected number of recombination events is much lower in a model with pure hotspot recombination than in a model with pure homogeneous recombination, (2) hotspots give rise to large variation in recombination rates along the genome as well as in the number of historical recombination events, and (3) the size of a (nonrecombining) block in the hotspot model is likely to be overestimated grossly when estimated from SNP data. The results are discussed with reference to the current debate about block-structured recombination and, in addition, the results are compared to genome-wide variation in recombination rates. A number of new analytical results about the model are derived.
Theory of the Effects of Population Structure and Sampling on Patterns of Linkage Disequilibrium Applied to Genomic Data From Humans
Authors: Wakeley John , Lessard Sabin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We develop predictions for the correlation of heterozygosity and for linkage disequilibrium between two loci using a simple model of population structure that includes migration among local populations, or demes. We compare the results for a sample of size two from the same deme (a single-deme sample) to those for a sample of size two from two different demes (a scattered sample). The correlation in heterozygosity for a scattered sample is surprisingly insensitive to both the migration rate and the number of demes. In contrast, the correlation in heterozygosity for a single-deme sample is sensitive to both, and the effect of an increase in the number of demes is qualitatively similar to that of a decrease in the migration rate: both increase the correlation in heterozygosity. These same conclusions hold for a commonly used measure of linkage disequilibrium (r2). We compare the predictions of the theory to genomic data from humans and show that subdivision might account for a substantial portion of the genetic associations observed within the human genome, even though migration rates among local populations of humans are relatively large. Because correlations due to subdivision rather than to physical linkage can be large even in a single-deme sample, then if long-term migration has been important in shaping patterns of human polymorphism, the common practice of disease mapping using linkage disequilibrium in “isolated” local populations may be subject to error.