bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary intakes of children from birth to 24 months: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007–2010
Authors: Rhodes Donna G , Adler Meghan E , Clemens John C , Goldman Joseph D , Moshfegh Alanna J 
Published: June 2021

What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (WWEIA, NHANES) collects dietary intake data on a nationally representative sample of all individuals; however, data release and analysis have mainly focused on Americans ages two and above. Using day one dietary data from WWEIA, NHANES 2007–2010 nutrient intakes were estimated for children, aged 0–24 months (n=1391). The 5‐step USDA Automated Multiple‐Pass Method was used to collect a 24h recall from a proxy knowledgeable about the child's intake. Breast milk (BM), not quantified during the recall, was reported by 19% of the sample. For this research, BM volumes were assigned using assumptions based on amounts typically consumed per day for infants (0–11.9 mo) or per breastfeeding occasion for toddlers (12– 23.9 mo). Mean energy intake for younger infants < 6mo (n=372) was 618 kcal/d. Breast milk, formula/other milk (FM) and other foods (OF) contributed 147 kcal, 438 kcal and 33 kcal, respectively to daily energy. Energy intake increased to 850 kcal/d for older infants 6–11.9mo (n=428); BM, FM and OF contributed 62 kcal, 460 kcal and 328 kcal, respectively to daily energy. For all infants, frequently reported OF included baby foods: rice cereal, oat cereal, apple juice, puffs; plus raw banana. Mean energy intake for toddlers (n=591) was 1211 kcal/d. This data will help eliminate gaps in knowledge about dietary intakes during the first two years of life.Funding source for this study is USDA
Nutritional Deficits in Juvenile End‐Stage Renal Disease in a Guatemalan Context
Authors: Casimiro Juliana , Lou‐Meda Randall , Solomons Noel W , Schümann Klaus 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundGuatemala is a tropical developing country with a legacy of early child undernutrition and micronutrient deficits. These represent a background setting for any nutritional challenges superimposed by juvenile end‐stage renal disease (ESRD).ObjectiveTo assess anemia and growth attainment comparatively in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients in Guatemala.Methods54 patients (7–20 y), 27 on HD and 27 on PD, constituting most of the dialysis population of the Pediatric Renal Unit of the Roosevelt Hospital in Guatemala City, were measured (height, post‐dialysis weight and blood samples) and assessed for Hb status. Age‐appropriate WHO Hb cut‐offs were adjusted (+0.7 g/dL) for the altitude of 1500 m. Median duration on dialysis was 7 mo. Both groups regularly received Fe supplements, parenterally in HD and orally in PD.ResultsThe overall median height‐for‐age (HAZ) score was −2.7, with a mean of −3.1 ± 1.3 in HD and −2.3 ± 1.4 in PD (p=0.16). 93% of the former and 55% of the latter were “stunted” (<−2 HAZ). Hb mean was 9.0 ± 1.9 g/dL in HD and 9.9 ± 2.7 g/dL in PD (p=0.17). Overall, 83% of the subjects were “anemic” on an altitude‐adjusted basis, 96% of HD and 70% of PD.ConclusionsLinear growth failure and anemia were almost universal, with no differences by mode of dialysis.Funded by Hildegard Grunow Foundation, Munich
Teaching 3rd & 4th year medical students how to cook: an innovative approach to balance lifestyle modification and medication therapy in chronic disease management
Authors: Leong Benjamin , Abu‐Shamat Layla , Kay Danielle , Monlezun Dominique , Sarris Leah , Harlan Timothy 
Published: June 2021

An electronic survey was sent to all Tulane medical students to assess students’ baseline perceptions about perceived competence regarding nutrition counseling. Students were able to rate themselves as ‘totally proficient,’ ‘somewhat proficient,’ and ‘not proficient.’ Proficiency increased between 1st and 2nd year medical students (p=0.02) and between 2nd and 3rd year medical students (P=0.0001). However, no increase in proficiency was observed between 3rd and 4th year medical students (p=0.48). The Tulane University School of Medicine has launched a curriculum for its medical students that teach nutrition science in the context of preparing and cooking food. Beginning in the third and fourth year, students will have the opportunity to take disease‐based seminars (e.g. hypertension) and conduct away rotations with the Dept. of Culinary Nutrition at Johnson and Wales University. The curriculum will include lessons in food preparation using recipes that follow DASH diet guidelines. The survey described above will be given yearly to assess if students participating in this curriculum are different from classmates who did not participate. Research support: Tulane University Center for Culinary MedicineGrant Funding Source: Tulane University Center for Culinary Medicine
Reduction of metabolic syndrome by a lifestyle‐modification program is accompanied by improvements of aerobic fitness and plasma antioxidant markers
Authors: Moreto Fernando , Manda Rodrigo Minoru , Portero‐McLellan Katia Cristina , Correa Camila Renata , Burini Roberto Carlos 
Published: June 2021

Lifestyle change is an effective strategy in the primary care of metabolic syndrome (MetS). To verify the effects of a lifestyle‐modification program (LISC) on MetS and its co‐morbidities, 60 subjects (53yrs, 84% women) clinically approved to attend a 20wks intervention in the LISC “Move for Health” were submitted to weekly nutritional counseling and daily (3–5 times/wk) physical activities. Before and after intervention there were performed anthropometric, clinical, physical (with VO2max test) and laboratorial assessments including plasma analysis of total antioxidant performance (TAP), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and C‐reactive protein (CRP). For statistical analysis we used paired‐t or signed rank tests with p<0.05 by SigmaStat 3.5 software. The reduction of MetS (47 to 40%) was followed by reductions in waist circumference (97±16 to 94±14cm) and elevations in plasma HDLC levels (47±12 to 49±12mg/dL). VO2max increased (30±5 to 33±5.2mL/kg/min) as well as plasma TAP (50±9 to 52±9%), reduced GSH (5.9±1.9 to 6.9±1.9μmol/L) with a decrease of GSSG/GSH ratio (0.13[0.08–0.17] to 0.10[0.07–0.13]). No differences in insulin resistance (fasting glucose and HOMA‐IR), inflammatory (CRP) and pro‐oxidant markers (MDA and GSSG) were observed. This LISC was effective in lowering MetS probably secondary to raising either cardiorespiratory fitness and/or antioxidant potential.Supported by CAPES, CNPq
Cellular pyridoxal phosphate concentration influences amino acid profiles and presence of hydrogen sulfide biomarkers in cultured HepG2 cells
Authors: DeRatt Barbara Neal , Ralat Maria , Kabil Omer , Banerjee Ruma , Gregory Jesse F. 
Published: June 2021

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) functions as a coenzyme in cellular one carbon metabolism and many other roles in amino acid interconversion and catabolism. The PLP‐dependent transsulfuration enzymes, cystathionine beta‐synthase and cystathionine gamma‐lyase, have been implicated in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production that is concurrent with the formation of lanthionine and homolanthionine. Thus, cellular PLP availability may influence the concentration of many amino acids including these H2S biomarkers. In this study, we examined amino acid profiles in HepG2 cells cultured six weeks in supraphysiological to deficient concentrations (2000, 200, 50, and 10 nM) of pyridoxal (PL). Fluorometric HPLC was used to quantify the amino acids as danysl derivatives. Assuming the 50 nM PL reflects nutritional adequacy, the deficient 10 nM cells showed higher concentrations of arginine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, glycine, alanine, methionine, valine, leucine, lanthionine, and lysine (P<0.05). Results indicate that restriction of vitamin B6 can alter amino acid profiles, including biomarkers of H2S synthesis, in HepG2 cells.Grant Funding Source: NIH Grant DK072398
Wild blueberry‐enriched diet affects α1‐adrenergic induced vasoconstrictor response in the aorta of obese Zucker rats
Authors: Vendrame Stefano , Kristo Aleksandra S. , Daugherty Allison , Schuschke Dale A. , Klimis‐Zacas Dorothy 
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the effects of wild blueberry (WB, Vaccinium angustifolium) on arterial contractile response to the α1‐adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (Phe) in 8 week old obese Zucker rats (OZR). Twenty OZR were randomly assigned to a control (C) or an 8% WB diet for 8 weeks. Vascular studies were conducted in isolated aortic ring preparations to measure vasoconstriction induced by Phe, 10–8 to 3×10–6M. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) and aortic concentration of prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in the effluent was determined.Obese Zucker rats exhibited a reduced response to Phe‐induced vasoconstriction, possibly due to a compensatory overproduction of NO under inflammatory conditions. The WB diet partially restored Phe‐induced constrictor responses, compared to their lean littermates, by increasing the maximal force developed (0.55±0.02 g WB vs 0.43±0.02 g C, p≤0.05)Plasma NO was significantly attenuated (22.1±1.1 μmol/L, WB vs 25.6±1.4 μmol/L, C, p≤0.05) with the WB diet. Aortic effluent TXA2 levels were not significantly altered, while PGI2 concentration significantly increased (766.5±92.2 pg/mg WB vs 571.7±37.8 pg/g C aorta, p≤0.05).In conclusion, WB consumption significantly altered vasomotor tone in response to an α1‐adrenergic agonist in the OZR aorta and modulated plasma NO and aortic effluent PGI2.Grant Funding Source: Wild Blueberry Association of North America
Serum‐derived bovine immunoglobulin isolate (SBI) as a potential therapy for inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD)
Authors: Klein Gerald L , Weaver Eric , Shaw Audrey Lynn , Cohn Jeffrey 
Published: June 2021

Cytokine‐mediated dysfunction of the intestinal mucosal barrier is observed during the active phase of IBD. SBI may reduce its impact by reducing excessive pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, such as TNFα, INFγ, and interleukins (eg, IL‐1, IL‐6). For example, mdr1a knockout mice prone to intestinal mucosal barrier alterations (a genetic model for IBD) who received SBI had lower levels of IL‐6 and IL‐17 in the mucosa during the onset of colitis.Research demonstrates that SBI survives initial digestive processes, improving gastrointestinal (GI) function and morphology in a clinically significant way. Animal studies confirm SBI improves cellularity of the lamina propria of the small intestine, resulting in improved mucosal barrier function, reduced inflammation and diarrhea, and improved dietary protein utilization through increased absorption, reduced permeability and mitotic activity, increased villus heights, with improved weight gain and bone density. SBI decreased watery bowel movements and increased nutrient absorption/retention in HIV patients, and was well tolerated. Early studies in patients with IBS‐D, malnutrition or HIV enteropathy demonstrated improved GI symptoms. In toto, the accumulated evidence suggests SBI is beneficial for inflammatory GI diseases such as Crohn's and ulcerative colitis and demonstrates strongly the need for additional research. Study funded by Entera Health.
Vitamin D (VitD) Supplementation of Mother and Infant vs. Mother Alone
Authors: Wagner Carol L , Howard Cynthia M , Hulsey Thomas C , Ebeling Myla , Lawrence Ruth A , Hollis Bruce W 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess safety & effectiveness of higher dose maternal vitD alone compared w/maternal & infant supplementation of 400 IU/day.MethodsFrom 2006–2011, fully lactating women/infants at 1‐month postpartum living in Charleston, SC and Rochester, NY were randomized to 400, 2400 or. 6400 IU vitD3/d. Infants of Control mothers received 400 IU vitD3/d while infants of 2400 IU and 6400 IU grps received placebo.Results476 mothers/infants were enrolled. No differences betw tx grps in mat/infant baseline 25(OH)D (p=0.8). 2400 IU arm was stopped in 2009: higher % infants with deficiency (25(OH)D<20 ng/mL) at 4 mos. Of remaining 2 grps, maternal 25(OH)D (ng/mL) changed from 34.0 to 30.1 in 400 IU grp (p=0.04) and from 37.2 to 59.5 in the 6400 IU grp (p<0.0001); between grp (p<0.0001). Infant 25(OH)D in the 400 IU grp increased from 17.4 to 45.2 (p<0.0001) and from 17.8 to 43.2 in the 6400 IU grp (p<0.0001); between infant grps (p=0.4). No differences in safety profiles of women and infants by tx.ConclusionsWomen in 6400 IU grp had improved vitD status compared to 400 IU/d grp; and their infants’ vitD status was equivalent to those infants receiving 400 IU/d. When mother is vitD sufficient, her milk is sufficient, and her BrF infant will be sufficient without further supplementation. Findings have implications re: vitD supplementation recommendations during lactation.
In vivo murine lymph node imaging with multispectral photoacoustic technology and clinical contrast agents
Authors: Heinmiller Andrew , Hupple Clinton , Needles Andrew , Theodoropoulos Catherine , Wood Ronald W 
Published: June 2021

Here we describe the use of a commercially available photoacoustic (PA) imaging system (Vevo LAZR, VisualSonics, Toronto) to detect methylene blue (MB) and indocyanine green (ICG) in the left and right iliac lymph nodes after injection into the synovial space of the left and right knee joints.The PA imaging system generated light from a tunable laser (680 – 970 nm) which was delivered through fiber optic bundles integrated into a linear array transducer (LZ‐250, fc = 21 MHz), driven by a linear stepper motor for 3D imaging. Ultrasound image‐guided injections of 25ul injections of MB (10 mg/ml) and ICG (5 mg/ml) were performed by inserting a 30 gauge needle inserted into the synovial space of the left and right knee, respectively. Two‐dimensional regions of interest surrounding the left and right iliac lymph nodes and the abdominal aorta provided dye and blood absorption spectra.Comparison of pre‐injection and post‐injection multiplexed images clearly demonstrated ICG and MB in the left and right iliac lymph nodes, respectively. The absorbance spectra of the dyes demonstrated characteristic results with clear differences apparent for MB (peak at 680nm), ICG (peak at 800nm) and typical blood spectra.Photoacoustic imaging thus can be used to identify sentinel lymph nodes. With dyes targeted to biomarkers for cancer cells, the method could also be used to identify metastases there and elsewhere. Photoacoustic imaging should also be useful in the study of lymphatic function in other disease processes such as lymphedema, arthritis, and parasitic infections.All research was conducted and funded by VisualSonics, Inc.
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR EGR‐1 IN MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF EXPERIMENTAL GASTRIC ULCERS
Authors: Beregoviy Sergii , Kukharskyy Vitaliy , Bernyk Ksenia , Beregova Tetyana , Tolstanova Ganna 
Published: June 2021

Egr‐1 is a key gene & transcription factor in experimental duodenal ulceration (Khomenko T et al. 2006). Role of Egr‐1 in gastric ulcer (GU) pathogenesis is unclear. We tested the hypotheses that Egr‐1 might play a role in the molecular mechanisms of experimental GU. GU was induced in male rats (150–190 g) by: immobilization (IMO) stress for 6, 12 & 24 hr; IMO stress combined with water‐immersion (IMO‐WI) for 20 min, 1 & 3 hr; ethanol (1 ml 96%, per os) for 20 min & 1 hr; aspirin (10 mg/100g, per os) for 20 min, 1 & 3 hr. Rats were euthanized immediately after ulcerogenic compound exposure. IMO‐WI stress induced rapid early up‐regulation of Egr‐1 by 1.6‐ & 1.5‐folds (p<0.05) at 20 min & 1 h and down‐regulation ‐ at 3 hr. IMO stress increased Egr‐1 levels at 6 hr (2.1‐folds, p<0.05) with gradual down‐regulation by 24 hr. Ethanol & aspirin didn't change Egr‐1 levels. IMO‐WI stress but no aspirin & ethanol increased phosphorylation of Erk1/2 by 2.2; 2.6; 2.5‐folds at 20 min, 1 & 3 hr (p<0.01), respectively & didn't change ‐ p38. Erk2 was the major isoform expressed & phosphorylated.ConclusionEgr‐1 plays a role in the early stages of stress‐induced GU development vs. aspirin or ethanol; Erk1/2 might regulate Egr‐1 activity during stress‐induced GU.
Effect of cilostazol on patients with intermittent claudication: role of endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Tejerina Teresa , Ramajo Marta , Navarro‐Dorado Jorge , Medina Ursula , Rydings Manuel H , Perera Miriam , Puras Enrique , Serrano‐Hernando Francisco J , Redondo Santiago 
Published: June 2021

Cilostazol is an emerging vasodilatory drug which has been approved for the symptomatic treatment of intermittent claudication (CI). On the other hand, a growing body of evidence highlights the importance of endothelial progenitor cells in vascular repair. We aimed to study the effect of cilostazol on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) levels and clinical markers of a cohort of 24 patients with CI at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with the drug. EPCs were measured as CD34+/KDR+ and CD34+/CD144+ mononuclear cells by flow cytometry. We found that patients treated with cilostazol had an increase of CD34+/KDR+ from 0.053±0.009% to 0.128±0.029%, p=0.0161, whereas CD34+/CD144+ rose from 0.178±0.032% to 0.228±0.060, p=0.47. Moreover, a subgroup of patients who discontinued cilostazol had a trend towards lower EPC number. Cilostazol treatment was associated to a better clinical profile (maximum walking distance and ankle‐brachial index). However, in the whole cohort EPCs numbers did not show a significant correlation compared to these two clinical outcomes. In conclusion, cilostazol was associated to a better clinical profile and an increase of CD34+/KDR+ EPCs in patients with CI.FISS (Health Research Fund, PI080920) and Red Tematica de Investigacion Cardiovascular RECAVA (RD06/0014/1007), Spanish Ministry of Health and Ferrer Group.
Apoptotic mechanism of novel anticancer agents is mediated by MAPKs in breast cancer cells
Authors: McLean Lancelot Stuart , Brantley Eileen 
Published: June 2021

Aminoflavone and 5F203 are two potential candidate anticancer agents. While their mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, aspects of their anticancer activity differ from currently available agents. Even though the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway is the primary known mechanism of action of these agents, other signaling pathways may also be involved. Our objective was to investigate the apoptotic mechanism of AF and 5F 203 in MDA‐MB‐468 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. One group of cells were treated time dependently with vehicle or AF or 5F203. A second group of cells were pretreated with MAPK inhibitors, followed by AF or 5F203. Cells were then analyzed for MAPK phosphorylation, apoptosis and ROS formation. Our results showed that AF and 5F203 induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 in MDA‐MB‐468 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. We also showed that ERK, JNK and p38 inhibitors attenuated the apoptotic effect of AF and 5F203. Additionally, AF and 5F203‐induced ROS production was decreased by the MAPK inhibitors. These results suggest that the MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism of action of AF and 5F203 in MDA‐MB‐468 and T47D cells.These studies were supported in part by the School of Dentistry and Medicine at Loma Linda University
Effects of Fluoxetine and Aspirin on Bleeding Time and Liver When Used Alone or in Combination in Rats
Authors: Shrestha Sachita , Sookvanichsilp Nongluck 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of fluoxetine and aspirin, alone or in combination, on bleeding time and hepatotoxicity.MethodsThe antiplatelet effect of fluoxetine (10mg/kg, orally) alone or combination with aspirin (25 mg/kg, orally) after 4‐week treatment in male Wistar rats (200–250g) was determined using established rat's tail bleeding model. Hepatotoxic biomarkers and liver histological patterns were evaluated. The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.ResultsBleeding time tended to be prolonged by aspirin but not significantly compared to control. Fluoxetine did not change the bleeding time. Treatment with concomitant aspirin and fluoxetine exhibited a trend to shorten the bleeding time. Serum ALT and ALP but not total bilirubin the aspirin group seemed to be higher than in other groups although significant differences could not be detected. Concomitant aspirin and fluoxetine could prevent the increase in these two enzyme levels. Adverse alterations in liver morphology were observed in all treated groups compared to control.ConclusionFluoxetine exhibits a trend to shorten the prolonged bleeding time and prevents the increase in serum ALT and ALP in aspirin treated rats suggesting possible drug interaction upon the concomitant administration. This study was supported by Thailand International Development Co‐operation Agency
Maternal choline supplementation programs offspring choline metabolism in a mouse model of Down syndrome
Authors: Yan Jian , Ginsberg Stephen D , Powers Brian , Alldred Melissa J , Saltzman Arthur , Strupp Barbara J , Caudill Marie A 
Published: June 2021

Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) induces lifelong cognitive benefits in the Ts65Dn mouse, a model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. To gain insight into the mechanism(s) underlying these beneficial effects, we conducted a study to test the hypothesis that MCS alters brain choline metabolism in adult Ts65Dn offspring. Ts65Dn dams were randomly assigned to a control diet or one supplemented with additional choline (1.1 g/kg or 5.0 g/kg choline chloride) throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, the offspring consumed standard rodent chow. At ~6–7 mo of age, deuterium labeled methyl‐d9‐choline (1.6 mM) was administered as a tracer for 8 wks in the drinking water of the female offspring (Ts65Dn and disomic littermates) and brain tissues were harvested. Choline‐supplemented Ts65Dn mice had higher (P < 0.05) enrichment of all examined choline metabolites (e.g., d9‐acetylcholine) and a higher (P < 0.05) enrichment ratio of d3‐choline/d3‐glycerophosphocholine (GPC), d3‐GPC/d3‐phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), and d3‐choline/d3‐PtdCho in the basal forebrain, hippocampus, and neocortex compared to unsupplemented Ts65Dn mice. No effect of MCS was detected in normal disomic littermates. These data suggest that MCS produces lifelong changes in choline metabolism in female Ts65Dn offspring with evidence of enhanced uptake and use of choline (and its methyl groups) in several brain regions.Funded by HD057564, AG14449, and the Alzheimer's Association
Acute Renal Medullary Interstitial Infusion of either saline or 2% albumin indistinctly rises RIHP and RMBF in the rat
Authors: Sánchez‐Briones Maria Eugenia , López‐Rodríguez Juan Francisco , Calvo‐Turrubiartes Miriam Zarahí , Rodríguez‐Martínez Manuel 
Published: June 2021

The effects of an acute renal medullary interstitial infusion (RMII) of 100 μl of either 0.9% saline (Sal) or 2% albumin in saline (Alb) on the time course (30 min) of renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure (RIHP, subcapsular), renal medullary blood flow (RMBF, L‐D), urinary nitrogen oxides excretion (UNOxV, Griess) and urinary flow rate (V) were assessed in the left denervated kidney of anesthetized male Wistar rats under control of renal perfusion pressure at 100 mmHg. After a 10 min control period (CP) and a 15s RMII period, three 10 min post‐infusion periods (P‐IP) of urinary collections were generated. The results are mean ± SEM; ^ p<0.05 vs. CP.

Group
CP
RMII
P‐IP

10min
20 min
30 min

RIHP (mmmHg)
Sal
3.0
3.8
3.9
5.3
6.8

n=17
± 0.4
± 0.5
±0.5^
± 0.7^
± 0.8^

Alb
3.0
3.2
3.5
4.0
4.8

n=17
± 0.3
± 0.3^
± 0.3^
± 0.5^
± 0.7^

RMBF (%Δ)
Sal
0.0
2.0
10.7
12.5
8.2

n=17

± 3.4
± 3.3^
± 4.0
± 4.3

Alb
0.0
2.2
9.1
6.6
8.7

n=17

± 5.0
± 4.5^
± 4.7
± 5.2

There were no differences between groups in UNOxV nor in V through time.ConclusionsAcute RMII of either 0.9% saline or 2% albumin indistinctly rises RIHP and RMBF in the anesthetized rat, without affecting UNOxV nor urinary flow rate at all. Supported by IPL's financial resources.