bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Brain Substructure Dose and Cognitive Outcomes in Children With Medulloblastoma Treated on SJMB03: A Step Toward Substructure-Informed Planning
Authors: Acharya Sahaja , Guo Yian , Patni Tushar , Li Yimei , Wang Chuang , Gargone Melissa , Ashford Jason M. , Wilson Lydia , Faught Austin , Reddick Wilburn E. , Patay Zoltan , Gajjar Amar , Conklin Heather M. , Merchant Thomas E. 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE To characterize the association between neurocognitive outcomes (memory and processing speed) and radiation (RT) dose to the hippocampus, corpus callosum (CC), and frontal white matter (WM) in children with medulloblastoma treated on a prospective study, SJMB03. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients age 3-21 years with medulloblastoma were treated at a single institution on a phase III study. The craniospinal RT dose was 23.4 Gy for average-risk patients and 36-39.6 Gy for high-risk patients. The boost dose was 55.8 Gy to the tumor bed. Patients underwent cognitive testing at baseline and once yearly for 5 years. Performance on tests of memory (associative memory and working memory) and processing speed (composite processing speed and perceptual speed) was analyzed. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate longitudinal trends in neurocognitive outcomes. Reliable change index and logistic regression were used to define clinically meaningful neurocognitive decline and identify variables associated with decline. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-four patients were eligible for inclusion, with a median neurocognitive follow-up of 5 years. Mean right and left hippocampal doses were significantly associated with decline in associative memory in patients without posterior fossa syndrome (all P < .05). Mean CC and frontal WM doses were significantly associated with decline in both measures of processing speed (all P < .05). Median brain substructure dose–volume histograms were shifted to the right for patients with a decline in associative memory or processing speed. The odds of decline in associative memory and composite processing speed increased by 23%-26% and by 10%-15% for every 1-Gy increase in mean hippocampal dose and mean CC or frontal WM dose, respectively. CONCLUSION Increasing RT dose to the CC or frontal WM and hippocampus is associated with worse performance on tests of processing speed and associative memory, respectively. Brain substructure–informed RT planning may mitigate neurocognitive impairment.
Cancer Provider and Survivor Experiences With Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Arem Hannah , Moses Jenna , Cisneros Cindy , Blondeau Benoit , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Killackey Maureen , Pratt-Chapman Mandi L. 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic led to rapid shifts in cancer survivorship care, including the widespread use of telehealth. Given the swift transition and limited data on preferences and experiences around telehealth, we surveyed oncology providers and post-treatment survivors to better understand experiences with the transition to telehealth. METHODS: We distributed provider (MD, PA or NP, nurse, navigator, and social worker) and survivor surveys through the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer in mid-October 2020. Survivor surveys were also disseminated through patient advocacy organizations. We included questions on demographics, experiences with telehealth, and preferences for future telehealth utilization. RESULTS: Among N = 607 providers and N = 539 cancer survivors, there was overwhelmingly more support from providers than from survivors for delivery of various types of survivorship care via telehealth and greater comfort with telehealth technologies. The only types of appointments deemed appropriate for survivorship care by both > 50% of providers and survivors were discussion of laboratory results or imaging, assessment and/or management of cancer treatment symptoms, nutrition counseling, and patient navigation support. Only a quarter of survivors reported increased access to health care services (25.5%), and 32.0% reported that they would use telehealth again. CONCLUSION: Although there have been drastic changes in technological capabilities and billing reimbursement structures for telehealth, there are still concerns around delivery of a broad range of survivorship care services via telehealth, particularly from the patient perspective. Still, offering telehealth services, where endorsed by providers and if available and acceptable to cancer survivors, may provide more efficient and accessible care following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Beauty Standards in Egypt
Authors: Russell Mona L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe creation of a hybrid beauty in the cartoon sphere and in advertising intersected with popular and consumer culture at a moment when women’s roles in the public sphere were changing. Politically the nation was at a crossroads: the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936 removed most impediments toward Egyptian independence; however, British troops remained in the Suez Canal zone. With respect to economic history, multinationals were expanding in Egypt, while an emerging bourgeoisie worked to establish local industries. With World War II came economic crisis: inflation, profiteering, black markets, rising inequality, and the return of British troops to strategic locations around the country. This article argues that the hybrid beauty represents the push and pull between women’s emerging roles in public spaces and traditional values, imperialism versus authenticity, local industry competing against multinationals, and a negotiation of new roles for husbands and wives in companionate marriage.
A Delicate Balancing Act
Authors: Jamal Amaney , Nooruddin Irfan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Historically Arab regimes have played critical roles in securing women’s rights in their societies. Yet regimes remain concerned about domestic, especially Islamist and traditionalist, reactions to women’s rights. When regimes feel they can overcome this resistance they honor commitments to women’s rights. When they fear more domestic opposition they renege. This article argues that Arab regimes are less likely to resist domestic opposition to women’s rights when US military presence increases in the region. The authors test the argument using cross-national data including an original expert-coder scale of Islamist power, and estimate an instrumental variable model to allay concerns of endogeneity. A case study of Jordan explicates their causal argument. The results are robust to different measures of Islamist strength and to different estimation techniques. Understanding this unintended consequence of US military deployments to the Arab world is important for future analysis of female empowerment in the Arab world.
How cells tell up from down and stick together to construct multicellular tissues – interplay between apicobasal polarity and cell–cell adhesion
Authors: Vasquez Claudia G. , de la Serna Eva L. , Dunn Alexander R. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Polarized epithelia define a topological inside and outside, and hence constitute a key evolutionary innovation that enabled the construction of complex multicellular animal life. Over time, this basic function has been elaborated upon to yield the complex architectures of many of the organs that make up the human body. The two processes necessary to yield a polarized epithelium, namely regulated adhesion between cells and the definition of the apicobasal (top–bottom) axis, have likewise undergone extensive evolutionary elaboration, resulting in multiple sophisticated protein complexes that contribute to both functions. Understanding how these components function in combination to yield the basic architecture of a polarized cell–cell junction remains a major challenge. In this Review, we introduce the main components of apicobasal polarity and cell–cell adhesion complexes, and outline what is known about their regulation and assembly in epithelia. In addition, we highlight studies that investigate the interdependence between these two networks. We conclude with an overview of strategies to address the largest and arguably most fundamental unresolved question in the field, namely how a polarized junction arises as the sum of its molecular parts.
Rapid Fabrication of a Pumpless PDMS Microfluidic Device Using CO2 Laser Micromachining for Automated Formation of Monodisperse Water-in-Oil Droplets
Authors: Okayama Shotaro , Nakatani Masaya , Hashimoto Masahiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To form monodisperse water-in-oil droplets in a fully automated fashion, we fabricated a pumpless microfluidic device consisting of top and bottom polydimethylsiloxane slabs. All microstructures required for droplet formation were directly patterned on the surfaces of two polydimethylsiloxane slabs using CO2 laser micromachining, facilitating rapid fabrication of the current device. This device formed uniformly sized droplets (a coefficient of variation for droplet diameters of &lt;4%) at a rate of ∼220 droplets/s.
Lumbar Bone Mineral Adaptation: The Effect of Fast Bowling Technique in Adolescent Cricketers
Authors: KEYLOCK LAURA , FELTON PAUL , ALWAY PETER , BROOKE-WAVELL KATHERINE , PEIRCE NICHOLAS , KING MARK 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Localized bone mineral density (BMD) adaptation of the lumbar spine, particularly on the contralateral side to the bowling arm, has been observed in elite male cricket fast bowlers. No study has investigated this in adolescents, or the role of fast bowling technique on lumbar BMD adaptation. This study aims to investigate lumbar BMD adaptation in adolescent cricket fast bowlers, and its relationship with fast bowling technique.

Methods
Thirty-nine adolescent fast bowlers underwent anteroposterior dual x-ray absorptiometry scan of their lumbar spine. Hip, lumbopelvic and thoracolumbar joint kinematics, and vertical ground reaction kinetics were determined using three-dimensional motion capture and force plates. Significant partial (covariate: fat-free mass) and bivariate correlations of the technique parameters with whole lumbar (L1–L4) BMD and BMD asymmetry (L3 and L4) were advanced as candidate variables for multiple stepwise linear regression.

Results
Adolescent fast bowlers demonstrated high lumbar Z-Scores (+1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7–1.4) and significantly greater BMD on the contralateral side of L3 (9.0%; 95% CI, 5.8%–12.1%) and L4 (8.2%; 95% CI, 4.9%–11.5%). Maximum contralateral thoracolumbar rotation and maximum ipsilateral lumbopelvic rotation in the period between back foot contact and ball release (BR), as well as contralateral pelvic drop at front foot contact, were identified as predictors of L1 to L4 BMD, explaining 65% of the variation. Maximum ipsilateral lumbopelvic rotation between back foot contact and BR, as well as ipsilateral lumbopelvic rotation and contralateral thoracolumbar side flexion at BR, were predictors of lumbar asymmetry within L3 and L4.

Conclusions
Thoracolumbar and lumbopelvic motion are implicated in the etiology of the unique lumbar bone adaptation observed in fast bowlers whereas vertical ground reaction force, independent of body mass, was not. This may further implicate the osteogenic potential of torsional rather than impact loading in exercise-induced adaptation.
Features of Studying the Topic “Feast of the Transfiguration of Jesus Christ” Within the Framework of the Module “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture”
Authors: Pushkin A. 
Published: October 2021

The article reveals the experience of an Orthodox school teacher in teaching the course “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture.” In accordance
with the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education, fourth-graders get acquainted with the Orthodox holiday of the
Transfiguration of Jesus Christ. The methodology of organizing education allows younger students to form an awareness of the spiritual meaning inherent in any Orthodox holiday. The teacher uses both traditional teaching methods (retelling, essay, educational dialogue) and methods that reflect the originality of Orthodox culture: assessing religious texts, looking at the icon and listening to church chants dedicated to the feast of the Transfiguration of the Jesus Christ.
Effects of hot pack application before high-intensity stretching on the quadriceps muscle
Authors: Nakamura Masatoshi , Sato Shigeru , Sanuki Futaba , Murakami Yuta , Kiyono Ryosuke , Yahata Kaoru , Yoshida Riku , Fukaya Taizan , Takeuchi Kosuke 
Published: October 2021

Background/aims High-intensity static stretching is assumed to increase the range of motion and/or decrease muscle stiffness; however, the effects of high-intensity static stretching on the quadriceps muscle have been debated. Hot pack application before high-intensity static stretching was assumed to decrease stretching pain, which is the main problem in high-intensity static stretching, and decrease quadriceps muscle stiffness. This study aimed to examine hot pack application before high-intensity static stretching on stretching pain, knee flexion range of motion, and quadriceps muscle stiffness. Methods In total, 21 healthy sedentary male participants randomly performed two interventions: high-intensity static stretching and hot pack application before stretching. Static stretching was performed at three 60-second stretching interventions with a 30-second interval. Then, a 20-minute hot pack was applied before high-intensity static stretching. The knee flexion range of motion and shear elastic modulus of the quadriceps muscle were measured by ultrasonic shear-wave elastography before and after the static stretching intervention. Results Stretching pain after hot pack application before stretching was lower than high-intensity static stretching alone. Significant increases were also found in knee flexion range of motion after both stretching interventions, but no significant difference was noted in the increase in the knee flexion range of motion with or without hot pack application. No significant change was found in quadriceps muscle stiffness in either intervention. Conclusions The results suggest that hot pack application before high-intensity static stretching could decrease stretching pain, but no significant difference in knee flexion range of motion increase was found.
Starting parenting in isolation a qualitative user-initiated study of parents’ experiences with hospitalization in Neonatal Intensive Care units during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kynø Nina M. , Fugelseth Drude , Knudsen Lina Merete Mæland , Tandberg Bente Silnes 
Published: October 2021

Background
Worldwide, strict infection control measures including visitation regulations were implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic at Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). These regulations gave restricted access for parents to their hospitalized infants. The consequence was limited ability to involve in the care of their infants. At Oslo University Hospital entry to NICU was denied to all except healthy mothers in March 2020. The absolute access ban for fathers lasted for 10 weeks. The aim of this study was to explore parental experiences with an infant hospitalized in the NICU during this absolute visitation ban period.

Methods
We invited post discharge all parents of surviving infants that had been hospitalized for at least 14 days to participate. They were interviewed during autumn 2020 using an explorative semi-structured interview approach. Data were analyzed via inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Nine mothers and four fathers participated. The COVID-19 regulations strongly impacted the parent’s experiences of their stay. The fathers’ limited access felt life-impacting. Parents struggled to become a family and raised their voices to be heard. Not being able to experience parenthood together led to emotional loneliness. The fathers struggled to learn how to care for their infant. The regulations might lead to a postponed attachment. On the other hand, of positive aspect the parents got some quietness. Being hospitalized during this first wave was experienced as exceptional and made parents seeking alliances by other parents. Social media was used to keep in contact with the outside world.

Conclusions
The regulations had strong negative impact on parental experiences during the NICU hospitalization. The restriction to fathers’ access to the NICU acted as a significant obstacle to early infant-father bonding and led to loneliness and isolation by the mothers. Thus, these COVID-19 measures might have had adverse consequences for families.
Tobacco smoking initiation among students in Samoa and health concerns
Authors: Singh Baljeet , Chand Shamal Shivneel , Chen Hong 
Published: October 2021

Background
High prevalence of tobacco smoking among young students remains a serious health concern given the positive association between smoking and NCDs. More recently, some studies also noted young smokers were more likely to get infected with COVID-19 compared to non-smokers. This study aims to assess the factors that influence smoking uptake among young students in Samoa. Findings from this study will provide valuable insight to policymakers and health authorities on policies and strategies to combat smoking among youth in Samoa and the Pacific Island Countries (PICs).

Methods
The 2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data of Samoa, available from the World Health Organization is used in the analysis. We use the multinominal logistic model to investigate the effects of socio-economic and demographics factors on young students’ uptake of smoking in Samoa.

Result
The main findings of this study indicate that sex, age, friendship, parental smoking, family discussion, outside influence, pocket money, and mother’s education are important determinants of tobacco smoking initiation among youths in Samoa.

Conclusion
Our findings contribute towards the evidence of the imperative health impact of friends, parents, and public smoking on students in Samoa. This warrants strategies that are effective in discouraging parents from smoking and implement measures that prevent smoking in public places. Moreover, educational efforts, particularly those that encourage more discussion at home settings on the harmful effects of smoking are strongly recommended. Parents are strongly encouraged to regularly monitor children’s spending behaviour.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections among undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents in the Netherlands: A cross-sectional study, 2018–2019
Authors: Klok Sarineke , van Dulm Eline , Boyd Anders , Generaal Ellen , Eskander Sally , Joore Ivo Kim , van Cleef Brigitte , Siedenburg Evelien , Bruisten Sylvia , van Duijnhoven Yvonne , Tramper-Stranders Gerdien , Prins Maria 
Published: October 2021

Background
Migrants are not routinely screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Netherlands. We estimated the prevalence and determined factors associated with HBV, HCV and/or HIV infections among undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents were recruited at a non governmental organization (NGO), healthcare facility in the Netherlands and were invited to be tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBcAb), HCV-RNA, and anti-HIV antibodies or HIV antigen at a local laboratory.

Results
Of the 1376 patients invited, 784 (57%) participated. Participants originated from Africa (35%), Asia (30%) and North/South America (30%). 451/784 (58%) participants went to the laboratory for testing. Of participants 30% were HBV exposed (anti-HBcAb-positive), with 27% (n = 119/438, 95% CI 23.1% to 31.6%) having resolved HBV infection (HBsAg-negative) and 2.5% (n = 11/438, 95%CI 1.3% to 4.5%, 64% new infection) having chronic HBV infection (HBsAg-positive). Compared to HBV non-exposed, HBV exposed individuals were older (p = 0.034) and more often originated from Africa (p<0.001). Prevalence of chronic HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) was 0.7% (n = 3/435, 95%CI 0.1% to 2.0%, all new infections) and HIV infection 1.1% (n = 5/439, 95%CI 0.04% to 2.6%, 40% new infection).

Conclusion
Prevalence of chronic HBV, chronic HCV and HIV infections in our study population is higher compared to the Dutch population, thus emphasizing the importance of case finding for these infections through primary care and public health in this specific group of migrants. Screening uptake could be improved by on-site testing.
Construction of ceRNA network to identify the lncRNA and mRNA related to non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xiao Kui , Wang Yang , Zhou Lihua , Wang Jufen , Wang Yaohui , Tong De , Zhu Zhiruo , Jiang Jiehan 
Published: October 2021

Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harms human health, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. We wish to provide more molecular therapeutic targets for NSCLC.

Methods
The NSCLC tissue and normal tissue samples were screened for genetic comparison in the TCGA database. The predicted lncRNA and mRNA in BEAS2B and A549 cells were detected.

Results
Volcano plot displayed differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in adjacent tissues and NSCLC tissues. The survival curve showed that the lncRNA and mRNA had a significant impact on the patient’s survival. The results of GO term enrichment analysis indicated that mRNA functions were enriched in cell cycle-related pathways. In the ceRNA interaction network, 13 lncRNAs and 20 miRNAs were found to have an interactive relationship. Finally, 3 significantly different lncRNAs (LINC00968, lnc-FAM92A-9 and lnc-PTGFR-1) and 6 mRNAs (CTCFL, KRT5, LY6D, TMEM, GBP6, and TMEM179) with potential therapeutic significance were screened out. And the cell experiment verified our results.

Conclusion
We screened out clinically significant 3 lncRNAs and 6 mRNAs involved in the ceRNA network, which were the key to our future research on the treatment of NSCLC.
A categoria território no contexto do Banco de Dados da Luta pela Terra
Authors: Rossetto Onélia Carmem , Nora Giseli Dalla , Lima Diogo Marcelo Delben Ferreira de 
Published: October 2021

O DATALUTA (Banco de Dados da Luta pela Terra) é um projeto de extensão e pesquisa articulado em rede que congrega múltiplos grupos de pesquisas nacionais e internacionais. Entre as categorias investigadas no âmbito do projeto, estão território, territorialização e desterritorialização. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivos: contribuir com a discussão teórica de tais categorias, identificando os principais autores nacionais e suas perspectivas de análise; de forma concomitante busca identificar o enfoque dado a estas categorias geográficas no boletim DATALUTA, um dos veículos de comunicação vinculado ao projeto. Os aportes metodológicos foram subsidiados pela análise de conteúdo, por meio das fases, a saber: a) busca para seleção de artigos nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online-SciELO e Google Acadêmico; b) revisão dos textos subsidiados por critérios pré-selecionados; c) seleção das palavras mais citadas nos artigos por meio do software NVIVO; d) identificação dos autores e respectivas obras com maior número de citações. Para o boletim DATALUTA, repetiu-se seleção das palavras mais citadas nos artigos com apoio do software. Os textos e as respectivas “nuvens de palavras” foram analisadas e possibilitaram aprofundamentos comparativos entre as categorias geográficas e também entre as perspectivas da questão agrária brasileira.