bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MO438STUDY OF IMMUNOLOGICAL STATUS IN PATIENT OF CKD IN PREDIALYSIS STAGES
Authors: Olimkhonova Komilakhon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
It is known that inflammation is an important factor associated with the variability of the clinical picture in patients with chronic diseases. However, the question remains not completely clear: are immunological changes predictors of less stable control of the course of CKD.
The aim of this study was a comprehensive assessment of the immunological status in patients with pre-dialysis stages of CKD.

Method
80 patients (46 men and 36 women) with CKD in the outcome of nephropathies of diabetic and nondiabetic etiology, admitted to the Republican Medical Scientific and Practical Center for Therapy and Medical Rehabilitation, were examined. Chronic pyelonephritis without exacerbation was diagnosed in 31 patients, chronic glomerulonephritis - in 29, diabetic nephropathy - in 25 polycystic kidney disease - in 6 patients. Glomerular filtration was calculated based on serum creatinine concentration using the CKD-EPI formula (2011). A complex of immunological studies was performed. Immunotyping of lymphocytes was performed by flow cytofluorometry with the characterization of the main markers of immunocompetent cells.

Results
In patients with CKD, violations were observed in almost all links of immunological reactivity, first of all, a significant decrease in indicators of natural resistance (CD16 +, PS, PI) (p &lt;0.05). The results of immunological monitoring showed a predominant violation of cellular defense mechanisms (CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +) (p &lt;0.05), a multiple increase in inflammatory cytokines Il-4, TNF-α, IL-6 (p &lt;0.05), in the absence of activation of humoral link and inadequacy of elimination mechanisms (CEC, p &lt;0.05).

Conclusion
Our study showed that the immunological parameters were characterized by insufficient activation of the first line of defense of natural resistance, as well as specific mechanisms - an imbalance of the cellular and humoral links of immunity, hyperactivation of cytokine regulation in the absence of effector functions.
MO429A NOVEL METHOD LINESCAN-DRIVEN FOR SNGFR MEASUREMENTS AS ALTERNATIVE TO HIGH FULL FRAME MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY ACQUISITION
Authors: Costanzo Vincenzo , D'Apolito Luciano , Sardella Donato , Iervolino Anna , Frische Sebastian , La Manna Gaetano , Capasso Giovambattista , Trepiccione Francesco 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Renal micropuncture, which requires the direct access to the renal tubules, has been for long time the technique of choice to measure the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) in animal models, but this approach is challenging by virtue of complex animal preparation and numerous careful steps. The introduction of intravital multiphoton microscopy (MPM) permitted to improve the study of renal functions exploiting the high laser penetration and the optical sectioning capacity. Previous MPM studies measuring in vivo the SNGFR relied on fast full frame acquisition during the filtration process obtainable with microscope resonant scanners, which represent optional expensive equipment able to reach very high acquisition speed. In this work we propose an innovative linescan-based MPM method to calculate SNGFR in rodents doable without using the fast acquisition rate offered by resonant scanners.

Method
An in vivo MPM approach was used to measure the SNGFR in control Munich Wistar Frömter rats (MWF) and to test the feasibility of the innovative linescan approach. In order to validate this method in conditions known for reduced and increased SNGFR, it was applied to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and low-dose dopamine treated conditions, respectively.

Results
The glomeruli connected to S1 proximal tubules extending at least 100 μm from the exit of the Bowman’s space were chosen for the measurement. A linescan path starting from the urinary pole and crossing many times the tubular lumen orthogonally to the cellular wall was hand drawn. The linescan was acquired soon after a i.v. bolus of low-molecular weight fluorescent marker was injected. The tubular length, the mean diameter and the transit time of the fluorescent marker within two lines of interest (called cross1 and cross2) were measured to obtain the SNGFR. SNGFR measured in control rats was comparable with previous reported data both at MPM and micropuncture. Significantly higher values compared to control were obtained in 3 μg/kg/min dopamine-treated rats. In IRI-treated rats the SNGFR was reduced about 35% compared to the controls.

Conclusion
The results achieved with our linescan method were quite similar to those obtained with conventional micropuncture, suggesting that the two methods overlap for the normal, dopamine and IRI treatment. Our results show that linescan approach is a promising and cheap alternative to the fast full frame acquisition for the investigation of SNGFR in health and disease, offering results comparable to conventional micropuncture with unprecedent temporal resolution.
MO432COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS FOR ANTI-PLA2R ASSESMENT IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Galkina Olga , Bogdanova Evdokia , Zubina Irina , Levykina Elena , Smirnov Alexei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Antibodies to M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R-Ab) are considered to be a promising biomarker for laboratory diagnosis of primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) and may be useful in the evaluation of the response to therapy and CKD prognosis. The aim of the study was to compare two immunoassay methods – indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the determination of circulating PLA2R-Ab in patients with PMN.

Method
The study included 54 patients aged 55 (40-63) yrs. (M: F [33:21]) with PMN before treatment (n=16) and treated with immunosuppressive therapy (IST) (n=38), and apparently healthy individuals of the corresponding gender and age (n=10). Proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were determined in all participants. The levels of PLA2R-Ab were determined by IIF and quantitative/ semi-quantitative ELISA (EURUIMMUN AG test, Germany). In 16 PMN patients without treatment and 28 PMN patients treated with IST the level of PLA2R-Ab was measured one time and in 10 PMN patients treated IST – in dynamic, from 2 to 5 times. Statistical comparisons among groups were performed using Mann–Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. The association between variables was estimated using Spearman’s coefficient. Sensitivity and specificity of the methods were calculated.

Results
The correlation coefficient between IIF and ELISA was 0.82 (p &lt;0.005). There were more PLA2R-Ab-positive cases detected by ELISA, both before treatment (ELISA - 80%, IIF - 67%) and among patients treated with IST (ELISA - 63%, IIF - 50%). In control group, ELISA showed no positive results for PLA2R-Ab (specificity was 100%). The levels of proteinuria and eGFR were associated with autoantibodies determined by ELISA, both quantitative and semi-quantitative (proteinuria: r = 0.69, p = 0.001; eGFR: r = -0.38, p = 0.035) but not by IIF (proteinuria: r=0.33, p=0.061; eGFR: r=-0.26, p=0.082). The levels of PLA2R-Ab measured by ELISA correlated with the course of disease in patients treated with IST, while IIF did not show any dynamics is some cases.

Conclusion
Both quantitative and semi-quantitative ELISA were considered to be more preferable methods since the obtained results correlate with renal dysfunction and allow to assess the concentration of PLA2R-Ab in the course of disease more accurately, that may contribute to timely correction of treatment and improvement of outcome.
MO434CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE STATE OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND INDICATORS OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION
Authors: Olimkhonova Komilakhon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
In view of the fact that the human microbiota varies depending on many factors, including comorbid pathology, it seems reasonable to investigate the gut microbiota in patients with chronic kidney disease and its likely relationship with markers of systemic inflammation.
To reveal the relationship between some biomarkers of inflammation with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Method
The study included 85 patients with CKD C 2-4. The average age of the patients was 52 ± 4 years (48 men and 37 women). The control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers aged 50 ± 3 years, 15 men and 15 women, comparable to the main group in terms of sex and age. Blood samples were taken using standard methods. GFR was assessed using the CKD-EPI formula (2011). In addition, biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated. Bacteriological examination of feces was carried out in the bacteriological laboratory.Markers of systemic inflammation were assessed based on an increase in the level of leukocytes (&gt; 11 × 109 / L), C - reactive protein (&gt; 5.0 mg / L) by immunoturbodimetric method, fibrinogen (&gt; 4.0 g / L), as well as interleukin 6 by enzyme immunoassay. Differences between groups were considered statistically significant at p`0.05; correlation analysis was performed using Spearman's nonparametric rank correlation method.

Results
Analysis of fecal matter showed a deficiency of Bifidobacterium bacteria (&lt;108 CFU) in the examined patients. In addition, the examined patients showed an increase in the number of Echerichia (&gt; 108 CFU). According to the results of the study, in the group of CKD patients, the level of inflammatory markers was higher (CRP-55%, IL-6-60%, leukocytes 62%) than in the control group (CRP-45%, IL-6-40%, leukocytes 38% ).
In men, the IL-6 index was higher than in women. The results of the study demonstrated that in patients with CKD, an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota is combined with an increased level of CRP, IL-6, and leukocytes.

Conclusion
The study of markers responsible for pro-inflammatory effects in the body showed that indicators such as IL-6, CRP, fibrinogen showed a significant correlation with the composition of the microbiota in patients with CKD.
MO435MULTIMODAL IMAGING FOR MOLECULAR TISSUE ANALYSIS
Authors: Lellig Michaela , Brehmer Kai , Hohl Mathias , Speer Thimoteus , Schunk Stefan , Thiele Herbert , Jankowski Joachim , Jankowski Vera , Hermann Juliane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
MALDI mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI MSI) is a powerful histologic tool for the analysis of biomolecules in tissue samples. MALDI MSI measurements result in a high sensitivity and accuracy of spatial distribution of biomolecules in tissue samples. For more detailed analysis of MALDI MSI data and correlation between the molecular and microscopic levels, a combination of MALDI MSI data and histological staining is essential. By combining MALDI MSI data and histological data, much more information are obtained than by analyzing both methods individually. Therefore, MALDI MSI datasets and histological staining were fused to a 3D model presenting a biomolecule distribution of the whole organ and provides more information than a single tissue section. We have developed, established and validated an algorithm for an automatic registration of MALDI data with different histological image data for cross-process evaluation of multimodal datasets to create 3D models. This multimodal imaging approach simplifies and improves molecular analyses of tissue samples in clinical research and diagnosis.

Method
The datasets for fusion and creation of a 3D model consist of mass spectrometric data, histological and immunohistochemical staining methods. Histological tissue sections of a whole mouse kidney were prepared. For MALDI MSI data, organ sections were analyzed by using a Rapiflex mass-spectrometer.

Results
A mathematical registration was used to achieve a perfect superposition of the individual histological sections of mass spectrometric data. It is feasible to combine mass spectrometric data, histological and immunohistochemical datasets in high numbers and reconstruct the measured mouse kidney. By using different imaging methods, a variety of information about tissue structure as well as tissue changes and protein distributions can be obtained. The fusion of the data also offers a virtual incision of the organ from arbitrary angle and level. The algorithms are adapted to take the data fusion automatically offering a high-throughput approach for clinical diagnostics and the possibility to involved artificial intelligence in its interpretation in research.

Conclusion
A successful fusion of MALDI MSI data and different histological and immunohistochemical staining datasets of a whole organ is performed.
MO436PLASMA OXALATE VALUES IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Metry Ella , Garrelfs Sander , Oosterveld Michiel , Neradova Aegida , Bijlsma Joost , Vaz Fred , Groothoff Jaap 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are known to have higher plasma concentrations of metabolic waste products than healthy individuals. Patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria (PH), a rare congenital cause of ESKD, suffer from hepatic overproduction of the metabolic end product oxalate. Plasma oxalate (POx) levels are determined in the diagnostic and therapeutic work-up for PH. Remarkably, correct interpretation of these values is hampered by the absence of knowledge concerning POx levels in patients with ESKD due to common causes.

Method
In this observational study, we obtained POx values in patients with ESKD due to another cause than PH, to establish reference values in this patient group. We collected blood samples from 120 adults with eGFR &lt; 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 who required maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis at the Amsterdam UMC.

Results
While there was a wide variation in POx levels in patients with ESKD, the median was 50 umol/L and lowest values were twice the upper reference limit that applies to healthy individuals (6.7 umol/L).

Conclusion
This study shows that POx levels of 50 umol/L are not necessarily suggestive for PH which contradicts the current literature. This study could lead to a paradigm shift in the diagnostic and therapeutic work-up for patients with ESKD.
MO588DECREASED IL-15 PRODUCTION INDUCED BY HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA AS A POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF AGED-RELATED SARCOPENIA*
Authors: Alcalde-Estévez Elena , Asenjo-Bueno Ana , Olmos Gemma , Rodríguez-Puyol Diego , López-Ongil Susana , Ruiz-Torres Maria Piedad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The loss of muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia, is an aging-related condition associated to some important diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperphosphatemia has been related to both pathologies. A chronic subclinical inflammation and a dysregulated immune system function are associated to aging affecting to multiple pathways in the skeletal muscle, and this fact has been linked to the development of sarcopenia. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a skeletal muscle-derived cytokine which promotes muscle regeneration. The aim of this work was to analyze the role of hyperphosphatemia on the IL-15 production of the skeletal muscle and its implication in aging-related sarcopenia.

Method
Cultured C2C12 myoblasts were used for in vitro experiments. Cells were treated with 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate (BGP) as a phosphate donor for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours. IL-15 mRNA levels were assessed by RT-qPCR. Three groups of C57BL6 male mice were used for the in vivo studies: 5-months-old mice (young), 24-month-old mice fed with a standard diet containing 0.6 % of phosphate (old) and 24-month-old mice fed with a hypophosphatemic diet, containing a 0.2% of phosphate (old+lowPi), for the last three months before sacrifice. Muscle force was measured by a grip test. Serum phosphate levels were analyzed with a commercial kit. Quadriceps muscle samples were collected to evaluate in them the IL-15 mRNA expression by RT-qPCR.

Results
C2C12 cells treated with BGP show a significant decrease in the IL-15 mRNA expression. On the other hand, in vivo studies showed that old mice had an increase in serum phosphate concentration and a reduction in forelimb strength and muscle mass, compared to young mice. Old animals fed with the hypophosphatemic diet displayed lower levels of phosphate serum linked to an improvement in the muscle mass and function. IL-15 expression of quadriceps muscle was reduced in old mice compared to young mice, whereas those values were increased in old mice fed with the low phosphate diet. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between IL-15 expression levels and serum phosphate concentrations and a positive correlation between IL-15 and forelimb strength and muscle mass, suggesting that a decreased IL-15 expression affects muscle function.

Conclusion
High extracellular phosphate concentrations decrease IL-15 mRNA expression in myoblasts, and it is correlated with low IL-15 mRNA expression in the quadriceps muscle isolated from old mice. This reduction was associated to a decreased muscular strength and muscle mass, whereas the dietary restriction of phosphate improved these features. These results point to a role of hyperphosphatemia in the impaired immune system function, disrupting the skeletal muscle function, and this could be involved in aging and CKD-related sarcopenia.
MO603PREVALENCE AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MALNUTRITION IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS UNDERGOING ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY FOR PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Lin Ting-Yun , Hung Szu-Chun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Malnutrition often coexists with inflammation and atherosclerosis and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in dialysis patients. However, both prevalence and prognostic significance of preexisting malnutrition in dialysis patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) referred for endovascular therapy are not well known.

Method
A prospective cohort of 395 dialysis patients undergoing endovascular therapy for PAD between 2005 and 2019 was studied. Nutritional status was assessed at admission by using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, a simple tool incorporating serum albumin concentration, total peripheral lymphocyte count, and total cholesterol concentration. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the CONUT score: normal nutrition (0–1), mild malnutrition (2–4), moderate malnutrition (5–8), and severe malnutrition (9–12). We examined the associations between malnutrition and all-cause mortality as well as major adverse limb events (MALE) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
According to the CONUT score, 40.8% patients were moderately or severely malnourished. During a median follow-up of 2.1 years, 218 (55.2%) patients died, 211 (53.4%) patients had MALE, and MACE occurred in 135 (34.2%) patients. Severely malnourished patients, as compared to patients with normal nutritional status, had significantly increased risk for all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 4.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.56 to 9.12) and in particular non-cardiovascular death (adjusted HR, 7.20; 95% CI, 3.22 to 16.08) and MALE (adjusted HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.23 to 4.74) but not MACE (adjusted HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.74 to 4.40). Similar results were found when the CONUT score was analyzed as a continuous variable.

Conclusion
Malnutrition is common and is strongly associated with increased all-cause mortality and MALE among dialysis patients with PAD requiring endovascular therapy. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate whether nutritional interventions improve outcomes for dialysis patients with PAD.
MO604DIFFERENCES IN THE EXTRACELLULAR BODY WATER/TOTAL BODY WATER (EBW/TBW) IN HEMODIALYSIS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS. RELATIONSHIP WITH NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Barril Guillermina , Nogueira Ángel , Alvarez Graciela , Sapiencia David , Andres Natalia , Giorgi Martin , Nuñez Almudena , Romasco Paula 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Knowing the hydration status of CKD patients is one of the basic objectives in CKD patients considering the Ratio of EBW(TBW) as indicator of them.

Aim
Determine the cut-off point of the EBW/TBW ratio using Bioimpedance in patients with global CKD and divided into advanced CKD and hemodialysis (HD) as a hydration marker in relation to MIS scale (malnutrition inflammation score), cut-off point 5.

Method
We value 199 CKD patients by setting the EBW/TBW cut-off points using Inbody S10 multifrequency bioimpedance with global ROC curve and for advanced CKD (ACKD) and HD analyzing differences according to age ranges (&lt;65,65,1-75 and &gt;75 years) and differences in nutritional parameters (visceral proteins, MIS scale and body composition).

Results
We have evaluated 199 patients with ACKD, 143 male and 56 female, 74 in CKD xage72.27 ?11.98years and 125 in HD, xage 70.76 ?12.73 years. Overall EBW / TBW ratio: AUC 0.657, p0.006, cut-off point 0.3965 60% sensitivity, 64% specificity. Advanced CKD: AUC 0.648, p0.071, cutoff point 0.397, 64% sensitivity, 61% specificity. HD: AUC 0.706, p0.012, cutoff point 0.391, 71% sensitivity, 63% specificity. The results in relation to age strata and MIS with 5 as the cut-off point in the table. No greater hydration in men than in women overall.
The nutrition-inflammation parameters according to the cut-off point are different: Advanced CKD: age 0.001, albumin 0.024, prealbumin 0.013, trasferrin 0.078, CRP 0.432. HD: albumin 0.014, prealbumin 0.001, transferrin 0.939, lymphocytes 0.030, CRP 0.342, age 0.000.

Conclusion
1. We have found slightly higher cut-off points between ACKD and hemodialysis in the assessed sample. 2. The EBW / TBW ratio appears higher in patients &gt; 65 years in both ACKD and HD, in contrast to what is observed in the healthy population. 3. A greater malnutrition appairs in a greater hyperhydration in HD and ACKD.