bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintaining face-to-face contact during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal qualitative investigation in UK primary care
Authors: Turner Andrew , Scott Anne , Horwood Jeremy , Salisbury Chris , Denholm Rachel , Scott Lauren , Iyer Geeta , Macleod John , Murphy Mairead 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundIn March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic required a rapid reconfiguration of UK general practice to minimise face-to-face contact with patients to reduce infection risk. However, some face-to-face contact remained necessary and practices needed to ensure such contact could continue safely.AimTo examine how practices determined when face-to-face contact was necessary and how face-to-face consultations were reconfigured to reduce COVID-19 infection risk.Design & settingQualitative interview study in general practices in Bristol, North Somerset, and South Gloucestershire.MethodLongitudinal semi-structured interviews with clinical and managerial practice staff were undertaken at four timepoints between May and July 2020.ResultsPractices worked flexibly within general national guidance to determine when face-to-face contact with patients was necessary, influenced by knowledge of the patient, experience, and practice resilience. For example, practices prioritised patients according to clinical need using face-to-face contact to resolve clinician uncertainty or provide adequate reassurance to patients. To make face-to-face contact as safe as possible and keep patients separated, practices introduced a heterogeneous range of measures that exploited features of their indoor and outdoor spaces, and altered their appointment processes. As national restrictions eased in June and July, the number and proportion of patients seen face to face generally increased. However, the reconfiguration of buildings and processes reduced the available capacity and put increased pressure on practices.ConclusionPractices responded rapidly and creatively to the initial lockdown restrictions. The variety of ways practices organised face-to-face contact to minimise infection highlights the need for flexibility in guidance.
The Impact of Outpatient Laboratory Alerting Mechanisms in Patients with AKI
Authors: Tolan Nicole V. , Ahmed Salman , Terebo Tolumofe , Virk Zain M. , Petrides Athena K. , Ransohoff Jaime R. , Demetriou Christiana A. , Kelly Yvelynne P. , Melanson Stacy E.F. , Mendu Mallika L. 
Published: July 2021

Key Points

An AKI alert attached to increasing creatinine results improved recognition of AKI and reduced the time to obtain a follow-up creatinine.The additive intervention of an email alert to the ordering provider increased the discontinuation of nephrotoxins.

Background
AKI is an abrupt decrease in kidney function associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Electronic notifications of AKI have been utilized in patients who are hospitalized, but their efficacy in the outpatient setting is unclear.

Methods
We evaluated the effect of two outpatient interventions: an automated comment on increasing creatinine results (intervention I; 6 months; n=159) along with an email to the provider (intervention II; 3 months; n=105), compared with a control (baseline; 6 months; n=176). A comment was generated if a patient’s creatinine increased by >0.5 mg/dl (previous creatinine ≤2.0 mg/dl) or by 50% (previous creatinine >2.0 mg/dl) within 180 days. Process measures included documentation of AKI and clinical actions. Clinical outcomes were defined as recovery from AKI within 7 days, prolonged AKI from 8 to 89 days , and progression to CKD with in 120 days.

Results
Providers were more likely to document AKI in interventions I (P=0.004; OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.38 to 5.67) and II (P=0.01; OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.21 to 5.81). Providers were also more likely to discontinue nephrotoxins in intervention II (P<0.001; OR, 4.88; 95% CI, 2.27 to 10.50). The median time to follow-up creatinine trended shorter among patients with AKI documented (21 versus 42 days; P=0.11). There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
An automated comment was associated with improved documented recognition of AKI and the additive intervention of an email alert was associated with increased discontinuation of nephrotoxins, but neither improved clinical outcomes. Translation of these findings into improved outcomes may require corresponding standardization of clinical practice protocols for managing AKI.
NETWORK POSITIONING IN 5G ECOSYSTEM
Authors: ФОКИН Г.А. , КУЧЕРЯВЫЙ А.Е. 
Published: July 2021

Анализируются особенности построения и функционирования сети радиодоступа 5G, как экосистемы сетевого позиционирования устройств. В ходе анализа новых технологий радиоинтерфейса 5G, существенных с точки зрения задач геолокации, выявляются принципиальные возможности повышения точности определения местоположения за счетугломерных измерений. Проведенный анализ показывает роль сетевого позиционирования, как инструмента повышения эффективности функционирования радиостанций в составе сетей радиодоступа 5G за счет пространственной фильтрации радиосигналов при наличии и отсутствии прямой видимости. Проиллюстрированы возможности компенсации внутрисистемных помех в условиях сверхплотного распределения устройств за счет адаптивного диаграммообразования, реализованного путем предваритель -ного позиционирования радиостанций.
In this article, we analyze new features of the construction and functioning of the 5G radio access network, as an ecosystem of network positioning of devices. During the analysis of new technologies of the 5G radio interface, which are significant from the point of view of geolocation, fundamental opportunities for improving the accuracy of location estimation through goniometric measurements are identified. The analysis shows the role of network positioning as a tool for increasing the efficiency of 5G networks radio stations due to the spatial filtering of radio signals in the presence and absence of line of sight. The possibilities of compensating for intra-system interference in the conditions of ultra-dense distribution of devices due to adaptive beamforming, which can be implemented through the preliminary positioning of radio stations, are illustrated.
CONSTRUCTION OF ADAPTIVE NOISE COMPENSATOR COMPLEXES WITH HYBRID MIRROR ANTENNAS
Authors: ПРИХОДЬКО В.В. , КОСОВ С.Б. 
Published: July 2021

Представлены результаты исследования возможности использования антенных решеток с гексагональным расположением облучателей в целях создания на их базе эффективных комплексов адаптивных компенсаторов помех.
The article presents the results of the research on the possibility of using antenna arrays with a hexagonal arrangement of irradiators to create effective complexes of adaptive noise compensators based on hybrid mirror antennas.
PROBLEMS OF RADIO FREQUENCY RESOURCE FOR HIGH-ALTITUDE PLATFORM STATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: МЫСЕВ М.В. 
Published: July 2021

Представлен обзор проблем радиочастотного обеспечения станций на высотной платформе. Результаты анализа показывают, что выделенный в соответствии с Таблицей распределения полос радиочастот между радиослужбами Российской Федерации частотный ресурс ограничивает возможные коммерческие применения станций на высотной платформе.
This article presents an overview of some problems of radio frequency resource for high-altitude platform stations. The results of the analysis show that the frequency resource allocated by the Table of frequency allocations in the Russian Federation limits the possible commercial applications of high-altitude platform stations.
METHOD OF FORMING THE STRUCTURE OF DIRECTIONS OF A TWO-LEVEL RADIAL-NODE DATA TRANSMISSION NETWORK IN A COMMUNICATION SESSION
Authors: МОСКВИН А.А. 
Published: July 2021

Рассматривается радиально-узловая сеть передачи данных (СПД) с коммутацией пакетов в иерархической автоматизированной системе управления (АСУ), необходимым условием успешного функционирования которой является обеспечение надежного информационного обмена между ее звеньями управления (ЗУ). Оценивание качества информационного обмена осуществляется посредством вероятностно-временныххарактеристик(ВВХ). Показано, что улучшения ВВХ в отдельном направлении связи между двумя ЗУ при исчерпании ресурсов прямого и обратного каналов передачи данных можно достичь путем увеличения числа таких каналов при их использовании для дублирования процессов доставки пакетов передаваемого сообщения. Приводится методика формирования структуры направлений двухуровневой радиально-узловой СПД на сеансе связи, позволяющая выполнить требования по ВВХ доведения информации в соединениях типа точка-точка минимальным количеством парциальных каналов передачи данных.
The article considers a radial-node data transmission network with packet switching in a hierarchical automated control system, a necessary condition for the successful operation of which is to ensure reliable information exchange between its management units. Evaluation of the quality of information exchange is carried out by means of probabilistic-time characteristics. It is shown that improving the probabilistic-temporal characteristics in a separate direction of communication between two control links when the resources of its forward and reverse data channels are exhausted can be achieved by in creasing the number of such channels when using them to duplicate the processes of delivering packets of the transmitted message. The article presents a method for forming the structure of directions of a two-level radial-node data transmission network in a communication session, which allows meeting the requirements for probabilistic-temporal characteristics of information delivery in point-to-point connections with a minimum number of partial data transmission channels.
DIGITAL SATELLITE MODEM RECEIVING PATH BUILT ON THE DOMESTIC CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY
Authors: БЕЛОВ Е.В. , БРУСИН Е.А. 
Published: July 2021

Предложена структура приемного тракта современного спутникового модема, построенного на основе компонентов отечественного производства. Обсуждаются параметры разработанного приемника. Представлена 3D-модель платы приемного тракта, полученная с использованием комплексной системы автоматизированного проектирования радиоэлектронных средств Altium Designer.
The structure of a modern satellite modem receiving path built on the domestic components is proposed. The parameters of the developed receiver are discussed. It is presented the 3D model of the receiving path board, obtained using the Altium Designer integrated computer-aided design system for radio-electronic devices.
METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE DYNAMIC ALLOCATION OF SERVICE POINTS AND TRAFFIC PREDICTION FOR ULTRA-LOW LATENCY NETWORKS
Authors: ЧИСТОВА Н.А. 
Published: July 2021

Предложены методы определения динамического распределения точек предоставления услуг (центров обработки данных) и прогнозирования трафика для сетей связи с ультрамалыми задержками (СУМЗ). Для методов прогнозирования использованы статистические данные, экспертные оценки и эмпирические прогнозы. Методы построены с учетом проникно -вения наиболее востребованных и перспективных услуг связи в СУМЗ, а так же изменения числа пользователей и удельного трафика пользователя.
Methods for determining the dynamic allocation of service points (data centers) and traffic prediction for ultra-low latency networks are proposed. Statistical data, expert assessments, and empirical forecasts were used for the development of the traffic prediction method. The methods are built taking into account the penetration of the most popular and promising telecommunication services in the ultra-low latency networks, as well as changes in the number of users and the amount of specific user traffic.
INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF INFORMATION ON THE COVERAGE AREA STATUS OF THE MOBILE OPERATOR’S NETWORK USING FUZZY INFERENCE ALGORITHM
Authors: СОРОКИН А.А. , КВЯТКОВСКАЯ И.Ю. 
Published: July 2021

Для обработки информации о состоянии зоны покрытия сети (ЗПС) оператора мобильной связи построена иерархическая система нечеткого вывода (СНВ), по результатам работы которой формируются интегральная оценка участка ЗПС и массив промежуточных переменных, характеризующих состояние определенной группы параметров. Численные эксперименты по исследованию работы предложенной иерархической СНВ показали, что каждая из входных переменных оказывает достаточно высокое влияние на итоговую интегральную оценку. Предложенные положения закладывают основу для создания информационно-измерительного комплекса, позволяющего идентифицировать состояние участков ЗПС на основании интеграции факторов технического и социально-экономического характера. С использованием полученных результатов разработаны и зарегистрированы программы для оценки качества телекоммуникационных услуг, оказываемых оператором мобильной связи, и идентификации состояния мобильных абонентских устройств.
To processthe information on thestateofthenetworkcoverage area of the mobile communication operator, a hierarchical system of fuzzy inference has been built. Numerical experiments to study the work of the proposed hierarchical system of fuzzy input showed that each of the input variables has a rather high impact on the final integral score. The proposed provisions lay the foundation for the formation of an information-measuring complex for identifying the status of the telecommunications network coverage area based on the integration of technical and socio-economic factors. Using the obtained results, programs were developed and registered for assessing the quality of telecommunication services and identifying the status of mobile subscriber devices.
FEATURES OF ADJUNCT TRAINING IN MILITARY UNIVERSITIES
Authors: САМОХИН В.Ф. , БАГРЕЦОВ С.А. , МИТРОФАНОВ М.В. , ЛАУТА О.С. 
Published: July 2021

Анализируется состояние подготовки адъюнктов в военных вузах (на примере Военной академии связи). Показано, что перевод адъюнктской подготовки с формы подготовки высших научных кадров в рамках послевузовского образования на один из уровней высшего профессионального образования (в соответствии с ФЗ «Об образовании в Российской Федерации», первый уровень - бакалавриат, второй - магистратура и специалитет, третий - аспирантура) отрицательно сказался на каче -стве работы адъюнктов над диссертациями, особенно на сроках их представления в диссертационные советы. Приведены результаты исследований по выявлению различного рода барьеров в адъюнктской подготовке. Предложен ряд мероприятий, реализация которых позволит оптимизировать работу научно-педагогических коллективов военных вузов с адъюнктами.
The article analyzes the state of adjunct training in military universities on the example of the Military Academy of Communications. It is shown that the transfer of adjunct training to one of the levels of higher education had a negative impact on the quality of thesis work and especially on the timing of their submission to dissertation councils. Several measures have been proposed, the implementation of which will optimize the work of the scientific and pedagogical teams of military universities in terms of improving the adjunct training.
TO THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE CREATION OF THE RADIO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE’S LOGO
Authors: ВАСИЛЬЕВ А.В. , ПАВЛЮК А.П. 
Published: July 2021

Показаны первые шаги Научно-исследовательского института радио (НИИР) на международной арене в начале 90-х годов прошлого века,потребовавшие наличия эмблемы НИИР на русском и английском языках,а также перевода названия организации на английский язык. Непосредственные участники этих работ представляют перипетии создания эмблемы и трудности перевода наименования института.
The article considers the history of the first steps of the Radio Research and Development Institute (NIIR) at the international arena in the early 90's of the last century, which required the creation of the NIIR’s logo in Russian and English, as well as an accurate translation of the name of this organization in English. Rather unusual peripeteias of these events are described in the article, the authors of which are direct participants of the described activities.
METHODOLOGY FOR SUBSTANTIATING THE RATIONAL ROUTE OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION IN THE INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COMPLEX IMPACT OF THE ENEMY
Authors: БАГРЕЦОВ С.А. , АЧКАСОВ Н.Б. , ЛАУТА О.С. , ВАСЮКОВ Д.Ю. 
Published: July 2021

Представлены подходы к повышению устойчивости функционирования информационно-телекоммуникационной сети, которые способствуют оптимизации процесса передачи данных среди обменников информации за счет повышения быстродействия и нахождения оптимального пути передачи данных. Отмечается, что сокращение времени обмена информацией между абонентами будет происходит по наиболее короткому пути и это должно существенно повлиять на качество информации,ее важность и необходимость при ведении боевых действий в условиях радиоэлектронного противодействия противника.
Various approaches to improving the stability of telecommunications networks, which lead to optimizing the data transfer process by increasing the speed and finding the most optimal data transfer path, are presented. It is noted that the reduction of the data exchange time between subscribers will occur along the shortest path, which will significantly affect the quality of information, its importance, and the need for conducting combat operations in the condition of electronic counteraction of the enemy.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS BASED ON RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION USING SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: БУТЕНКО В.В. , БАГДАСАРЯН А.С. , БАГДАСАРЯН С.А. , НИКОЛАЕВ В.И. 
Published: July 2021

Представлен подход к управлению критически важными процессами с использованием инфокоммуникационных систем и стремительно развивающейся технологии поверхностных акустических волн (ПАВ). Проведен краткий анализ принципов работы,особенностей проектирования,методик расчета и найдены оптимальные решения радиочастотных компонентов на ПАВ для RFID-систем. Выполнен анализ способов повышения эффективности RFID-систем для защиты информации от несанкционированного доступа в телекоммуникационных системах. Разработан метод выбора оптимальной радиочастотной системы идентификации с учетом совокупности количественных показателей ее качества. Обоснованы и формализованы основные показатели комплексной оценки эффективности RFID-систем. Разработана методология выбора оптимальной RFID-системы на основе теории нечетких множеств.
An approach to the management of critical processes using info-communication systems and the rapidly developing technology of surface acoustic waves (SAW) is presented. A brief analysis of the principles of operation, design features, calculation methods is carried out, and optimal solutions of radio frequency components based on SAW for RFID systems are found. The analysis of ways to improve the efficiency of RFID systems for information access security in telecommunication systems is performed. A method for choosing an optimal radio frequency identification system has been developed taking into account a set of quantitative indicators of its quality. The main indicators of a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of RFID systems are substantiated and formalized. A methodology for choosing the optimal RFID system based on the theory of fuzzy values has been developed.
Evaluation of ablation plume temperature for laser intensity and alumina powder particle density in alumina reduction
Authors: Uesugi Kazune , Oishi Ryohei , Matsui Makoto 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We considered the application of lunar regolith for the construction of a lunar base. To obtain aluminum as building materials, alumina powder reduction was performed using 1-kW-class continuous-wave diode laser ablation. The possibility of reduction, and the temperature dependences of the ablation plume on the laser intensity, ambient pressure, and particle density were investigated, and surface analysis was conducted using SEM and XPS. The laser intensity, ambient pressure, and particle density were set as 0.32–1.3 GW m−2, 10–100 kPa, and 16%–56%, respectively. Alumina reduction was verified by observing the 394- and 396 nm spectra of Al(I). The plume temperature increased with laser intensity in the range of 2700–4500 K. We achieved temperatures of 5200 K and 1000 K higher than with the CO2 laser by powder compression. Spheres that appeared to be aluminum were observed on the irradiated surfaces. However, this could not be proved because of the aluminum oxide layer.
Graphene growth in microwave-excited atmospheric pressure remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Sakai Yusuke , Takeda Keigo , Hiramatsu Mineo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Graphene growth on Cu foil was demonstrated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with a microwave-excited non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure remote plasma (MNAPP) using CH4 and H2 gases diluted by He gas. The density of graphene grain decreased and their average sizes increased with decreasing the CH4 flow rate. Moreover, the sizes were almost constant at each condition. In the MNAPP, emission intensities of CH and C2 radicals normalized by that of He atom decreased with decreasing the CH4 flow rate. From the results, nucleation of graphene on Cu surface caused by the precursors such as CH
x
and C2 radicals occur only at the early period of PECVD, and after the initial nucleation, these precursors are mainly consumed for the planar growth of graphene without inducing subsequent nucleation. Therefore, flux control of precursors at the early period is important for synthesizing graphene with more large size in PECVD using MNAPP.
Near-bandgap optical properties of Al1−x
In
x
N thin films grown on a c-plane freestanding GaN substrate
Authors: Toyoda Hayata , Murakami Yuto , Miyata Rino , Imai Daichi , Miyoshi Makoto , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Miyajima Takao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigated the relationship between the optical constants and localized states near the band-edge in high-quality crystalline Al1−x
In
x
N alloys, with an indium content x ranging from 0.12 to 0.22, grown on a c-plane freestanding GaN substrate. Optical constants were obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The tanΨ and cosΔ spectra were fitted by the Adachi’s critical-point (AC) model. The effects of the near-band-edge localized states on the optical constants were characterized by the spectral broadening factor γ, which was obtained by the AC model. The γ increased with increasing x and this tendency also confirmed by the γ obtained by the photoluminescence excitation (PLE). The bandgap energies obtained by the AC model agree well with those obtained by the PLE. It is suggested that the indium-related near-band-edge localized states cause the spectral broadening of the refractive index and extinction coefficient spectra in Al1−x
In
x
N alloys.
Dispersion relation of spin wave in chiral helimagnet under stationary optical vortex radiation
Authors: Goto Yutaro , Ishihara Hajime , Yokoshi Nobuhiko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigate a dispersion relation of a spin wave of an effectively one-dimensional chiral helimagnet CrNb3S6, which is under stationary radiation of a resonant optical vortex beam coaxial to that spiral magnetic order axis. We derive a classical magnetic structure by solving Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation and calculate the collective excitation on it. We show that the optical vortex radiation makes the energy gap at k ∼ 0, and the exceptional points appear in the dispersion relation. Because such a dispersion relation implies the dynamical properties with instability, our result implies a possibility to control spin wave transport.