bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH OF CANDIDATE OF LEGAL SCIENCES KIRILL BAKANOV AND CANDIDATE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ALEXANDER BURTSEV
Authors: Брюн Е.А. 
Published: August 2021

Рецензируемая монография имеет большую практическую значимость для совершенствования деятельности полиции по предупреждению и пресечению фактов управления транспортными средствами в состоянии опьянения, а также – по взаимодействию с медицинскими организациями по данным вопросам, что, как следствие, является залогом снижения уровня аварийности по этой причине. В монографии рассматриваются перспективы совершенствования системы допуска водителей транс- портных средств к участию в дорожном движении на основе подходов риск-ориентированного управления, межведомственного взаимодействия,развития и внедрения цифровых технологий.
The reviewed monograph is of great practical importance for improving the activities of the police in preventing and suppressing the facts of driving under the influence of alcohol, as well as for interacting with medical organizations on these issues, which, as a result, is the key to reducing the level of accidents for this reason. The monograph examines the prospects for improving the system of admission of drivers of vehicles to participate in road traffic on the basis of risk-based management approaches, interdepartmental interaction, development and implementation of digital technologies.
“Life! Life!”: The Precarious Utopianism of Kim Stanley Robinson's New York 2140
Authors: Kabo Raphael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article examines the utopianism of Kim Stanley Robinson's 2017 sf novel New York 2140, the world of which is defined by a nexus of profound climatological disasters. In contrast to other texts in the growing cli-fi (climate fiction) genre, Robinson's seemingly apocalyptic world is a representation of a disaster utopia—real-world networks of care, compassion, collaboration, and utopian joy that emerge in the wake of disasters. In New York 2140 Robinson explores the valences of disaster utopianism beyond its contemporary, exceptional appearances, contemplating how communities can flourish in a world where disaster emerges as a direct result of capitalist precarity and inequality. The article situates New York 2140 within a newly emerging corpus of cultural work that calls for a direct confrontation with the destructive powers of the present by understanding utopia as a precarious and never-finished form of resistance to neoliberal late capitalism.
The Social Context in Aesopic Fables: Utopias and Dystopias
Authors: Katsadoros George C. , Feggerou Panagiota 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aesopic fables constitute an important case in folk and popular literature. This genre went through various stages of development; its plasticity, pedagogical dimension, and mainly its ability to convey messages through an indirect and pleasant way prompted many to take interest in it, reading, adapting, or even creating new fables. As a result, fables became a favorite topic in literature and, especially, children's literature through many and various adaptations, translations, and metanarratives. In this paper, considering fables as an early form of utopic/dystopic discourse, we aim to demonstrate some cases of such references through examples taken from the corpus of Aesopic fables.
Health Care in Pakistan
Authors: Bin Younis Bilal 
Published: August 2021

Pakistan has struggled in shaping its health care sector ever since its birth. There are not many new healthcare facilities working at the moment equipped with latest technology and professional expertise and overall state of healthcare is very disappointing in our country, especially in the public sector. Due to the exponential increase in our population, the relative increase in healthcare facilities over the same time has miserably fallen short of the new demand. It is the responsibility of the state to give health cover to all; especially to the under privileged.
Disclosure of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serostatus to the Patient; Issues for Laboratory Staff
Authors: Riaz Tarar Maryam , Naeem Tahir , Naeem Muhammad Ebrahim 
Published: August 2021

Background: The disclosure of positive HIV status to a patient is not an easy task. In the developed world with established protocols for doing this, it becomes relatively simpler to present the results to the patient. In underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, it is not easy for the laboratory personnel in particular to convey such results to the patient.
Case Presentation: The problem has been discussed in the light of two cases presenting to Shalamar Teaching Hospital. The first case is an example of “Provider referral” and the second one the “Self-referral”. At the end, recommendations are made to effectively handle the situation in an underdeveloped setup like Pakistan.
Discussion: Complete knowledge of the disease is an essential requirement for anybody from the pathology department contemplating this responsibility. In addition, all communications should be in the local language and the counselor must be able to address all the questions/concerns raised by the patients and/or their families. The counselor learns the skill more through supervised training rather than a taught course.
Conclusion: This responsibility should be accepted only if the laboratory staff has no other option.
“Mantener latente un patriotismo que no puede morir”. Conmemoraciones, monumentos y usos del pasado en el sur argentino, 1976 – 1983
Authors: Carrizo Gabriel 
Published: August 2021

En los últimos años distintos estudios que conforman el campo de la historia reciente en la Argentina vienen revelando que el régimen dictatorial instaurado en 1976 no se sostuvo exclusivamente apelando a mecanismos represivos, sino que se valió de distintas intervenciones para la obtención de consenso. Para ello, mediante monumentos, esculturas, homenajes y conmemoraciones el gobierno dictatorial buscó consolidar una narrativa del pasado que reposicionara a las Fuerzas Armadas como actor protagonista del desarrollo y la civilización.
Aquellos eventos conmemorativos en donde adquirían relevancia tanto símbolos patrios como diversos usos del pasado, nos permiten ver algunas actitudes sociales en comunidades pequeñas durante la última dictadura. Tanto las Fuerzas Armadas, la Iglesia como organizaciones afines participaron activamente junto a autoridades provinciales y municipales en el despliegue de las denominadas “acciones cívicas” en los ámbitos más recónditos del interior provincial, siendo esos eventos la ocasión especial para inscribir determinadas marcas en el territorio, haciendo uso de un pasado considerado heroico. Desde la perspectiva local, nuestro estudio se centra tanto en la ciudad de Comodoro Rivadavia como en las localidades del sudoeste de la provincia del Chubut, donde es posible analizar aquella dimensión propositiva de la dictadura para estimular la aceptación del régimen.
Årsaker til forsinkelser ved elektive operasjoner
Authors: Værdal Heidi , Bratberg Grete Helen , Haugdahl Hege Selnes 
Published: August 2021

Forsinkelser og strykninger under elektive operasjoner hindrer optimal drift og kan være en påkjenning for pasienter. Målet med studien var å identifisere og beskrive de faktiske årsaker til forsinkelser ved elektive operasjoner, samt omfang, varighet og andre kjennetegn ved slike forsinkelser. Studien har et flermetodisk prospektivt studiedesign. I en periode på to måneder ble alle elektronisk registrerte forsinkelser fulgt opp med strukturerte intervju. I løpet av studieperioden ble halvparten av elektive operasjoner registrert med en eller flere forsinkelser (N = 402). Informantene anga 60 ulike rotårsaker som en forklaring på forsinkelsene. I 72% av alle forsinkelser var årsaken knyttet til organisering/administrering av operasjonsplanleggingen. Forsinkelser ved elektive operasjoner skyldes i stor grad utilstrekkelig planlegging og organisering. Mer presis planlegging, informasjonsutveksling og forbedret dataverktøy kan redusere forsinkelser ved elektive operasjoner.
Causes of delays in elective surgery: A prospective study
Abstract
Delays and cancellations in elective surgery prevent optimal services and can be stressful for patients. This study aimed to identify and describe the actual causes of delays in elective surgery, and the extent, duration and other characteristics of these delays. The study has a multi-method prospective study design. For two months, all electronically recorded delays in a Norwegian hospital were followed up with structured interviews to identify their true causes. Half of the elective surgeries recorded had one or more delays (N = 402). The delays had 60 different root causes; using qualitative content analysis, these were interpreted into 13 subcategories and four main categories, namely patient-related (17%), staff-related (10%), related to surgical ward/equipment (2%) or organizational (71%). Most delays were due to poor planning and organization of surgery. The study indicates that more precise planning, better information exchange and an improved electronic tool can reduce delays in elective surgery.
A novel few-shot learning based multi-modality fusion model for COVID-19 rumor detection from online social media
Authors: Lu Heng-yang , Fan Chenyou , Song Xiaoning , Fang Wei 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundRumor detection is a popular research topic in natural language processing and data mining. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, related rumors have been widely posted and spread on online social media, which have seriously affected people’s daily lives, national economy, social stability, etc. It is both theoretically and practically essential to detect and refute COVID-19 rumors fast and effectively. As COVID-19 was an emergent event that was outbreaking drastically, the related rumor instances were very scarce and distinct at its early stage. This makes the detection task a typical few-shot learning problem. However, traditional rumor detection techniques focused on detecting existed events with enough training instances, so that they fail to detect emergent events such as COVID-19. Therefore, developing a new few-shot rumor detection framework has become critical and emergent to prevent outbreaking rumors at early stages.MethodsThis article focuses on few-shot rumor detection, especially for detecting COVID-19 rumors from Sina Weibo with only a minimal number of labeled instances. We contribute a Sina Weibo COVID-19 rumor dataset for few-shot rumor detection and propose a few-shot learning-based multi-modality fusion model for few-shot rumor detection. A full microblog consists of the source post and corresponding comments, which are considered as two modalities and fused with the meta-learning methods.ResultsExperiments of few-shot rumor detection on the collected Weibo dataset and the PHEME public dataset have shown significant improvement and generality of the proposed model.
Reeling them in: taxonomy of marine annelids used as bait by anglers in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Simon Carol , Kara Jyothi , du Toit Alheit , van Rensburg Hendré , Naidoo Caveshlin , Matthee Conrad A. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Common names are frequently used inconsistently for marine annelid species used as bait in the peer-reviewed literature, field guides and legislative material. The taxonomy of many such species based on morphology only also ignores cryptic divergences not yet detected. Such inconsistencies hamper effective management of marine annelids, especially as fishing for recreation and subsistence is increasing. This study investigates the scale of the problem by studying the use and names of bait marine annelids in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.

Methods
Fifteen recreational and six subsistence fishers at 12 popular fishing sites in the Western Cape Province donated 194 worms which they identified by common name. Worms were assigned scientific names according to a standard identification key for polychaetes from South Africa, and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) amplified and sequenced.

Results
This study identified 11 nominal species known by 10 common names, in the families Siphonosomatidae, Arenicolidae, Sabellaridae, Lumbrineridae, Eunicidae, Onuphidae and Nereididae. Cryptic diversity was investigated through employing mitochondrial COI sequences and these data will facilitate future identifications among widely distributed species. Several species (Siphonosoma dayi, Abarenicola gilchristi, Scoletoma species, Marphysa corallina, Lysidice natalensis, Heptaceras quinquedens, Perinereis latipalpa) are reported as bait for the first time, and while the names blood- and moonshineworms were consistently applied to members of Arenicolidae and Onuphidae, respectively, coralworm was applied to members of Sabellaridae and Nereididae. Analysis of COI sequences supported morphological investigations that revealed the presence of two taxonomic units each for specimens initially identified as Gunnarea gaimardi and Scoletoma tetraura according to identification keys. Similarly, sequences for Scoletoma species and Lysidice natalensis generated in this study do not match those from specimens in China and India, respectively. Further research is required to resolve the species complexes detected and also to refine the use of names by fishermen over a wider geographic range.
Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate Microspheres, Process Parameters for Enhanced Permeability and Liver Targeting
Authors: Sudhamani K. , Jyothi B. Jeevan 
Published: August 2021

Aims: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is a serious global health problem and one of the main causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis. Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate (TAF) is a prodrug of Tenofovir, a nucleotide analogue with limited oral bioavailability. TAF is considered to be a BCS Class III substance (high solubility, low permeability). The aim of the study was to develop the Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate (TAF) microspheres to improve permeability.
Study design: Preparation and Evaluation of Microspheres.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of pharmaceutics, Mallareddy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, between January 2018 and June 2019.
Methodology: TAF loaded chitosan microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross linking method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. The prepared microspheres were characterized by morphology, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency. The permeability study was evaluated by Ex-vivo permeation studies. The optimized formulation was subjected to FTIR studies to examine the Drug Excipient Compatibility.
Results: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies indicated that the microspheres are spherical in shape. The optimized formulation has average particle size of 11.00 ± 0.05 µm, the encapsulation efficiency 68
± 0.04% and the percentage (%) yield of 94%. FTIR studies indicated that the drug and polymer are compatable with each other. In Ex-vivo permeation studies of optimized formulation 80% of drug was permeated with in 60 min.
Conclusion: TAF microspheres could improve the absorption by increasing the permeability.
Critical Analysis of Corneal Cross-linking (Part-I): Formulas for Efficacy, Safety Dose, Minimum Thickness, Demarcation Line Depth and the Role of Oxygen
Authors: Cheng Sheng-Fu , Lin Jui-Teng 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To update and derive formulas for the efficacy and kinetics of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) including both type-I and oxygen-mediated type-II mechanisms, the role of oxygen, the initiator regeneration, safety dose, minimum corneal thickness and demarcation line depth.
Study Design: Modeling the kinetics of CXL in UV light and using riboflavin as the photosensitizer.
Place and Duration of Study: Taipei, Taiwan, between June, 2021 and July, 2021.
Methodology: Coupled kinetic equations are derived under the quasi-steady state condition for the 2-pathway mechanisms of CXL. For type-I CXL, the riboflavin (RF) triplet state [T] may interact directly with the stroma collagen substrate [A] to form radical (R) and regenerate initiator. For type-II process, [T] interacts with oxygen to form a singlet oxygen [1O2]. Both reactive radical (R) and [1O2], can interact with the substrate [A]) for crosslinking. Based on a safety dose and a threshold dose, formulas for the minimum corneal thickness and demarcation line depth (DLD) are derived.
Results: Our updated theory/modeling showed that oxygen plays a limited and transient role in the process, in consistent with that of Kamave. In contrary, Kling et al believed that type-II is the predominant mechanism, which however conflicting with the epi-on CXL results. For both type-I and type-II, a transient state conversion (crosslink) efficacy in an increasing function of light intensity (or dose), whereas, its steady state efficacy is a deceasing function of light intensity. RF depletion in type-I is compensated by the RF regeneration term (RGE) which is a decreasing function of oxygen. For the case of perfect regeneration case (or when oxygen=0), RF is a constant due to the catalytic cycle. Unlike the conventional Dresden rule of 400 um thickness, thin cornea CXL is still safe as far as the dose is under a threshold dose (E*), based on our minimum thickness formula (Z*). Our formula for thin cornea is also clinically shown by Hafez et al for ultra thin (214 nm) CXL.
Conclusion: For both type-I and type-II, the transient state conversion (crosslink) efficacy in an increasing function of light intensity (or dose), whereas, its steady state efficacy is a deceasing function of light intensity. CXL for ultra thin corneas are still safe, as far as it is under a threshold dose (E*), based on our minimum thickness (Z*) formula, which has a similar tend as that of demarcation line depth (Z').
Phototriggered Self‐Adaptive Functionalized MOC‐Based Drug Delivery Platform Promises High Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Shen Yifeng , Xu Congjun , Chen Jie , Guan Zilin , Huang Yanjuan , Zeng Zishan , Xu Xiaoyu , Tan Xiaomin , Zhao Chunshun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to their great stability and special cavities, metal‐organic cages (MOCs) are increasingly considered as promising nanocarriers for drug delivery. However, the size and surface dilemmas restrict their further biomedical applications. The ultrasmall size of MOCs facilitates tumor penetration but suffers from quick clearance and poor accumulation at the tumor site. Hydrophobicity of MOC surfaces improves internalization into tumor cells while causing low blood circulation time as well as poor biocompatibility. Therefore, it remains challenging for the MOC‐based drug delivery nanoplatform to realize high therapeutic efficacy because it requires different or even opposite dimensions and surface characteristics in different steps of circulation, penetration, accumulation, and internalization processes. In this study, an unprecedented phototriggered self‐adaptive platform (ZnPc@polySCage) is developed by integrating functionalized MOCs and a photodynamic therapy based reactive oxygen species responsive strategy to realize high‐efficiency tumor‐specific therapy. ZnPc@polySCage remains hydrophilic and stealthy during circulation, and retains its small original size for tumor penetration, while transforming to a larger size for effective accumulation and hydrophobic for enhanced internalization under laser irradiation in tumor tissue. With these essential transitions, ZnPc@polySCage demonstrates prominent antitumor effects. Overall, the work provides an advantageous strategy for functional MOC‐based platforms and biomedical applications.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Organic Core/Multi‐Shell Microwires for Trichromatic White‐Light Sources
Authors: Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Su Yang , Qu Yang‐Kun , Chen Song , He Guang‐Peng , Yuan Yi , Liu Hao , Tao Yi‐Chen , Wang Xue‐Dong , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhite‐light‐emissive organic micro/nanostructures hold exotic potential applications in full‐color displays, on‐chip wavelength‐division multiplexing, and backlights of portable display devices, but are rarely realized in organic core/shell heterostructures. Herein, through regulating the noncovalent interactions between organic semiconductor molecules, a hierarchical self‐assembly approach of horizontal epitaxial‐growth is demonstrated for the fine synthesis of organic core/mono‐shell microwires with multicolor emission (red–green, red–blue, and green–blue) and especially organic core/double‐shell microwires with radial red–green–blue (RGB) emission, whose components are dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (DgpC)‐based charge‐transfer (CT) complexes. In fact, the desired lattice mismatching (≈2%) and the excellent structure compatibility of these CT complexes facilitate the epitaxial‐growth process for the facile synthesis of organic core/shell microwires. With the RGB‐emissive substructures, these core/double‐shell organic microwires are microscale white‐light sources (CIE [0.34, 0.36]). Besides, the white‐emissive core/double‐shell microwires demonstrate the fascinating full‐spectrum light transportation from 400 to 700 nm. This work indeed opens up a novel avenue for the accurate construction of organic core/shell heterostructures, which provides an attractive platform for the organic integrated optoelectronics.
Lithiation‐Enabled High‐Density Nitrogen Vacancies Electrocatalyze CO2 to C2 Products
Authors: Peng Chen , Luo Gan , Xu Zikai , Yan Shuai , Zhang Junbo , Chen Menghuan , Qian Linping , Wei Wei , Han Qing , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction to produce valuable C2 products is attractive but still suffers with relatively poor selectivity and stability at high current densities, mainly due to the low efficiency in the coupling of two *CO intermediates. Herein, it is demonstrated that high‐density nitrogen vacancies formed on cubic copper nitrite (Cu3Nx) feature as efficient electrocatalytic centers for CO–CO coupling to form the key OCCO* intermediate toward C2 products. Cu3Nx with different nitrogen densities are fabricated by an electrochemical lithium tuning strategy, and density functional theory calculations indicate that the adsorption energies of CO* and the energy barriers of forming key C2 intermediates are strongly correlated with nitrogen vacancy density. The Cu3Nx catalyst with abundant nitrogen vacancies presents one of the highest Faradaic efficiencies toward C2 products of 81.7 ± 2.3% at −1.15 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (without ohmic correction), corresponding to the partial current density for C2 production as −307 ± 9 mA cm−2. An outstanding electrochemical stability is also demonstrated at high current densities, substantially exceeding CuOx catalysts with oxygen vacancies. The work suggests an attractive approach to create stable anion vacancies as catalytic centers toward multicarbon products in electrochemical CO2 reduction.