bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maize price volatility and deforestation
Authors: Lundberg Clark , Abman Ryan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe develop a model of deforestation using a real option on agricultural land conversion and establish an important link between agricultural commodity price volatility and forest loss. Higher price volatility of staple commodities increases incentives to delay land conversion and is associated with lower levels of deforestation. Using satellite‐derived estimates of local deforestation and high‐frequency local maize prices across a panel of market catchments across 26 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa, we find strong empirical evidence that maize price volatility is negatively associated with forest loss. Our findings are driven by catchments in biomes that are relatively well‐suited to maize production. Instrumenting for changes in price levels and price volatility with spatially explicit temperature and rainfall anomalies yields results consistent with our main approach. The findings highlight important tensions between agricultural price stabilization policies, conservation efforts, and environmental externalities.
Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy
Authors: Anderson Lyndsey L. , Heblinski Marika , Absalom Nathan L. , Hawkins Nicole A. , Bowen Michael T. , Benson Melissa J. , Zhang Fan , Bahceci Dilara , Doohan Peter T. , Chebib Mary , McGregor Iain S. , Kearney Jennifer A. , Arnold Jonathon C. 
Published: August 2021

Background and PurposeCannabis has been used to treat epilepsy for millennia, with such use validated by regulatory approval of cannabidiol (CBD) for Dravet syndrome. Unregulated artisanal cannabis‐based products used to treat children with intractable epilepsies often contain relatively low doses of CBD but are enriched in other phytocannabinoids. This raises the possibility that other cannabis constituents might have anticonvulsant properties.Experimental ApproachWe used the Scn1a+/− mouse model of Dravet syndrome to investigate the cannabis plant for phytocannabinoids with anticonvulsant effects against hyperthermia‐induced seizures. The most promising, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), was further examined against spontaneous seizures and survival in Scn1a+/− mice and in electroshock seizure models. Pharmacological effects of CBGA were surveyed across multiple drug targets.Key ResultsThe initial screen identified three phytocannabinoids with novel anticonvulsant properties: CBGA, cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) and cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA). CBGA was most potent and potentiated the anticonvulsant effects of clobazam against hyperthermia‐induced and spontaneous seizures, and was anticonvulsant in the MES threshold test. However, CBGA was proconvulsant in the 6‐Hz threshold test and a high dose increased spontaneous seizure frequency in Scn1a+/− mice. CBGA was found to interact with numerous epilepsy‐relevant targets including GPR55, TRPV1 channels and GABAA receptors.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results suggest that CBGA, CBDVA and CBGVA may contribute to the effects of cannabis‐based products in childhood epilepsy. Although these phytocannabinoids have anticonvulsant potential and could be lead compounds for drug development programmes, several liabilities would need to be overcome before CBD is superseded by another in this class.
Detrital apatite geochemistry and thermochronology from the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine foreland record the early exhumation of the Tauern Window
Authors: Hülscher Julian , Sobel Edward R. , Verwater Vincent , Groß Philip , Chew David , Bernhardt Anne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe early exhumation history of the Tauern Window in the European Eastern Alps and its surface expression is poorly dated and quantified, partly because thermochronological and provenance information are sparse from the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin. For the first time, we combine a single‐grain double‐dating approach (Apatite Fission Track and U‐Pb dating) with trace‐element geochemistry analysis on the same apatites to reconstruct the provenance and exhumation history of the late Oligocene/early Miocene Eastern Alps. The results from 22 samples from the Chattian to Burdigalian sedimentary infill of the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin were integrated with a 3D seismic‐reflection data set and published stratigraphic reports. Our highly discriminative data set indicates an increasing proportion of apatites (from 6% to 23%) with Sr/Y values <0.1 up‐section and an increasing amount of apatites (from 24% to 38%) containing >1,000 ppm light rare‐earth elements from Chattian to Burdigalian time. The number of U‐Pb ages with acceptable uncertainties increases from 40% to 59% up‐section, with mostly late Variscan/Permian ages, while an increasing number of grains (10%–27%) have Eocene or younger apatite fission track cooling ages. The changes in the apatite trace‐element geochemistry and U‐Pb data mirror increased sediment input from an ≥upper amphibolite‐facies metamorphic source of late Variscan/Permian age – probably the Ötztal‐Bundschuh nappe system – accompanied by increasing exhumation rates indicated by decreasing apatite fission track lag times. We attribute these changes to the surface response to upright folding and doming in the Penninic units of the future Tauern Window starting at 29–27 Ma. This early period of exhumation (0.3–0.6 mm/a) is triggered by early Adriatic indentation along the Giudicarie Fault System.
Methylation‐associated silencing of miR‐9‐1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression and glycolysis via HK2
Authors: Xu Qian‐Lan , Luo Zan , Zhang Bin , Qin Guan‐Jie , Zhang Ru‐Yun , Kong Xiang‐Yun , Tang Hua‐Ying , Jiang Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCharacteristically, cancer cells metabolize glucose through aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect. Accumulating evidence suggest that during cancer formation, microRNAs (miRNAs) could regulate such metabolic reprogramming. In the present study, miR‐9‐1 was identified as significantly hypermethylated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and clinical tissues. Ectopic expression of miR‐9‐1 inhibited NPC cell growth and glycolytic metabolism, including reduced glycolysis, by reducing lactate production, glucose uptake, cellular glucose‐6‐phosphate levels, and ATP generation in vitro and tumor proliferation in vivo. HK2 (encoding hexokinase 2) was identified as a direct target of miR‐9‐1 using luciferase reporter assays and Western blotting. In NPC cells, hypermethylation regulates miR‐9‐1 expression and inhibits HK2 translation by directly targeting its 3' untranslated region. MiR‐9‐1 overexpression markedly reduced HK2 protein levels. Restoration of HK2 expression attenuated the inhibitory effect of miR‐9‐1 on NPC cell proliferation and glycolysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization results indicated that miR‐9‐1 expression was an independent prognostic factor in NPC. Our findings revealed the role of the miR‐9‐1/HK2 axis in the metabolic reprogramming of NPC, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for NPC.
Prognostic significance of human papillomavirus 16 viral load level in patients with oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Hashida Yumiko , Higuchi Tomonori , Matsumoto Shuichi , Iguchi Mitsuko , Murakami Ichiro , Hyodo Masamitsu , Daibata Masanori 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a major determinant for better prognosis. However, there remain HPV‐positive patients who have poor outcomes. The stratification strategy for detecting high‐risk patients among those with HPV‐positive OPSCC has not been well delineated, especially for Asian patients. We undertook a retrospective cohort study on the survival rate of 89 Japanese patients diagnosed with primary OPSCC. The tumors were concurrently analyzed for the presence of HPV E6 DNA/mRNA, viral DNA load, p16 expression, viral physical status, and viral variant lineage. Human papillomavirus 16 viral DNA was found in 45 (51%) OPSCCs. Human papillomavirus 16 DNA‐positive OPSCCs with higher viral load (classified as HPV16 DNA‐medium/high OPSCCs) showed significantly favorable overall survival and progression‐free survival compared with HPV16 DNA‐positive OPSCCs with lower viral load (<10 copies/cell; HPV16 DNA‐low OPSCCs) and HPV16 DNA‐negative OPSCCs. E6 mRNA expression was observed in all HPV16 DNA‐medium/high OPSCCs but not in HPV16 DNA‐low OPSCCs. Notably, p16‐positive and HPV16 DNA‐negative/low OPSCCs showed significantly worse survival than p16‐positive and HPV16 DNA‐medium/high OPSCCs and resembled HPV‐unrelated OPSCCs with regard to survival and risk factor profile. Although not significant, a trend toward shorter survival was observed for HPV16‐integrated OPSCCs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major types of HPV16 variants termed Asian (A4) and European (A1/A2/A3) variants, but no difference in survival between these variants was observed. Altogether, these findings suggest that HPV viral load is a potentially informative factor for more accurate risk stratification of patients with OPSCC.
Improved function and balance in T cell modulation by endothelial cells in young people
Authors: Tang Shu-Qian , Yao Wei-Li , Wang Ya-Zhe , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Zhao Hong-Yan , Wen Qi , Wang Yu , Xu Lan-Ping , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Huang Xiao-Jun , Kong Yuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Elderly individuals exhibit unbalanced bone marrow (BM) effector T cell subset differentiation, such as increased T helper type 1 (Th1) and T cytotoxic type 1 (Tc1) cell frequencies, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Endothelial cells (ECs), which are instructive components of the BM microenvironment, exhibit the phenotype of semi-professional antigen-presenting cells and regulate T cell recruitment and activation. Thus, we compared the frequency and function of BM ECs, especially their capacity to regulate effector T cell subsets, between young and elderly healthy individuals, and explored the underlying mechanism of this immunomodulatory discrepancy. Although the young and elderly EC percentages were comparable, young ECs showed fewer reactive oxygen species and better migratory and tube-forming abilities than elderly ECs. Notably, increased T cell activation molecules and inflammatory cytokines were found in elderly ECs which regulated T cells to differentiate into more proinflammatory T cells, including Th1 and Tc1 cells, than young ECs.
Prevalence of zonulopathy in primary angle closure disease
Authors: Salimi Ali , Fanous Anthony , Watt Harrison , Abu‐Nada Mohamed , Wang Anna , Harasymowycz Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the prevalence of zonulopathy in a large cohort of eyes with primary angle closure disease (PACD) that underwent cataract surgery.MethodsRetrospective consecutive case series of PACD eyes (including primary angle closure suspect, primary angle closure, and primary angle closure glaucoma) that underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery or clear lens extraction between 2009 and 2020 at a single ophthalmology centre. Those with risk factors for zonulopathy such as history of trauma, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, intraocular surgery, retinitis pigmentosa or connective tissue disorders were excluded. The primary outcomes included the prevalence of zonulopathy assessed intraoperatively and secondary pigment dispersion syndrome.ResultsIn our cohort of 806 consecutive PACD eyes, the prevalence of zonulopathy was 7.3% (59 of 806 eyes) – significantly greater than the 0.46%–2.6% range reported for the general population (p < 0.001). Intraoperative signs of zonular weakness included floppy capsular bag (29 eyes, 3.6%), zonular laxity (25 eyes, 3.1%) and zonular dehiscence (11 eyes, 1.4%). Among these eyes, capsular tension ring was used in 23 eyes (39.0%), six eyes (10.2%) experienced vitreous prolapse intraoperatively and underwent anterior vitrectomy, and two eyes (3.4%) experienced posterior capsular rupture, one of which required a scleral‐fixated intraocular lens. Secondary pigment dispersion syndrome was observed in 141 eyes (17.5%).ConclusionsThis study evidenced a high prevalence of zonulopathy among a large cohort of PACD eyes and suggests zonulopathy as a possible under‐recognised cause of angle closure. Until more sophisticated imaging modalities become available, awareness about the prevalence of zonulopathy in angle closure disease coupled with careful preoperative examinations can help minimise or prevent the complications of zonulopathy.
Enhanced recovery after surgery programs improve short‐term outcomes after liver transplantation–A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tinguely Pascale , Morare Nolitha , Ramirez‐Del Val Alejandro , Berenguer Marina , Niemann Claus U. , Pollok Joerg M. , Raptis Dimitri A. , Spiro Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to investigate the available quality of evidence (QOE) of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for liver transplantation (LT) on short‐term outcomes, grade recommendations, and identify relevant components for ERAS protocols. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted on short‐term outcomes after LT when applying comprehensive ERAS protocols (> 1 ERAS component) versus control groups (CRD42021210374), following the GRADE approach for grading QOE and strength of recommendations. Endpoints were morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and readmission rates after ERAS for LT. Of 858 screened articles, two randomized controlled trials, two prospective, and one retrospective cohort studies were included (2002–2020). Frequent ERAS components were early extubation and postoperative antibiotic, fluid, and nutrition management. Overall complications were reduced in ERAS versus control cohorts (OR .4 (CI .2, .7), with no significant differences in mortality and hospital readmission rates. Intensive care unit and hospital length of stay were shorter in ERAS groups (percentage decrease, 55% and 29%, respectively). QOE for individual outcomes was rated moderate to low. ERAS protocols in LT are related to improved short‐term outcomes after LT (QOE; Moderate to low | Grade of Recommendation; Strong), but currently lack standardization.
‘You drink at home so they can go to work safely’: A case study exploring alcohol marketing during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kennedy Laura J. , Cukier Samantha , Khoury Liane , Steeves Dan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlcohol marketing is linked to heavy consumption. Researchers have begun to examine how the alcohol industry has adapted its marketing practices during the 2020 Global COVID‐19 pandemic. In Canada, Nova Scotia's culture of heavy drinking has been identified as a cause for concern by community, health care and government. This case study examines how one alcohol company coopted the facilities, staff, logos and fundraising efforts of a local health charity to market the sale and home delivery of a 6% alcohol by volume product via social media. This case study details the marketing practices of the alcohol brand, suggests why the marketing practices are problematic and concludes with recommendations for health promotion practice as well as suggestions for future research.
Firm performance and economic development: Evidence from a unique dataset of China
Authors: Cao Jing , Mao Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing a unique firm‐level dataset from 2007 to 2015, we investigated the characteristics and trends of China's economic development from the perspective of firm performance. We found that China's economic development in the recent decade has made the following achievements: less reliance on investment for growth, enterprises’ deleveraging, a more competitive market environment and improvement in labour income distribution. Yet, it still faced severe challenges, such as increasing tax and fee burdens, high employment pressure, low total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate, and how to realize the coordinated development of the economy and environment.
Inheritance of DNA methylation differences in the mangroveRhizophora mangle
Authors: Mounger Jeannie , Boquete M. Teresa , Schmid Marc W. , Granado Renan , Robertson Marta H. , Voors Sandy A. , Langanke Kristen L. , Alvarez Mariano , Wagemaker Cornelis A. M. , Schrey Aaron W. , Fox Gordon A. , Lewis David B. , Lira Catarina Fonseca , Richards Christina L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe capacity to respond to environmental challenges ultimately relies on phenotypic variation which manifests from complex interactions of genetic and nongenetic mechanisms through development. While we know something about genetic variation and structure of many species of conservation importance, we know very little about the nongenetic contributions to variation.Rhizophora mangleis a foundation species that occurs in coastal estuarine habitats throughout the neotropics where it provides critical ecosystem functions and is potentially threatened by anthropogenic environmental changes. Several studies have documented landscape‐level patterns of genetic variation in this species, but we know virtually nothing about the inheritance of nongenetic variation. To assess one type of nongenetic variation, we examined the patterns of DNA sequence and DNA methylation in maternal plants and offspring from natural populations ofR. manglefrom the Gulf Coast of Florida. We used a reduced representation bisulfite sequencing approach (epi‐genotyping by sequencing; epiGBS) to address the following questions: (a) What are the levels of genetic and epigenetic diversity in natural populations ofR. mangle? (b) How are genetic and epigenetic variation structured within and among populations? (c) How faithfully is epigenetic variation inherited? We found low genetic diversity but high epigenetic diversity from natural populations of maternal plants in the field. In addition, a large portion (up to ~25%) of epigenetic differences among offspring grown in common garden was explained by maternal family. Therefore, epigenetic variation could be an important source of response to challenging environments in the genetically depauperate populations of this foundation species.
Dietary multivalent anti‐Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin Y significantly increase the H. pylori eradication and improve the clinical symptoms in patients
Authors: Guo Rong , Wu Shan , Guan Li , Xie Yongmei , Yang Xifei , Li Zaixin , Zhang Zhi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe oral chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) as a novel model of immunotherapy to control Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, Hp) infection has gained much interest in recent years. However, none of the current IgY therapies showed a total eradication of H. pylori on patients.MethodsIn this report, the recombinant antigens of H. pylori, including UreB (1710 bp), BabA2 (1269 bp), and FlaA (399 bp), were, respectively, expressed and purified, and then mixed and subjected to immunize laying hens for the preparation of multivalent anti‐H. pylori immunoglobulin Y (anti‐Hp mIgY). Next, the biological activities of anti‐Hp mIgY, including the recognition to antigens and the inhibition on H. pylori growth, were tested. Moreover, to perform a clinical trial, 94 Hp‐infected patients, according to the values of 13C urea breath test and the characteristics of gastroscopy of volunteers, were enrolled to evaluate the effects of dietary anti‐Hp mIgY against H. pylori infection. After continuous dietary of anti‐Hp mIgY for 2 weeks, the oral administration was terminated. The clinical symptoms of the patients were followed up at 2nd, 4th, and 6th week, respectively, and the 13C urea breath test were re‐examined at 6th week.ResultsThe anti‐Hp mIgY could bind to recombinant antigens very well, and the titers of anti‐Hp mIgY to UreB, Baba2, and FlaA, are 62.5, 125, and 250 μg/ml, respectively. The in vitro antibacterial test showed that the 2 mg/ml of anti‐Hp mIgY could completely inhibit the H. pylori growth for 36 h. After a 2‐week dietary of anti‐Hp mIgY, the value of 13C urea breath test was significantly decreased by 56.0% (25.9 ± 14.1 vs 11.4 ± 9.78, p < 0.001), the total improvement rate of clinical symptoms in volunteers was 87.3%, and the H. pylori eradication rate was 30.6%.ConclusionTwo‐week dietary of anti‐Hp mIgY greatly improved the clinical symptoms and the quality of life of Hp‐infected patients, and the H. pylori eradication rate reached up to 30.6%.
Patient handover education programme based on situated learning theory for nursing students in clinical practice
Authors: Kim Jung Hee , Lim Jong Mi , Kim Eun Man 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimIf not conducted correctly, nursing handover can threaten patient safety, and so nursing students require good handover education. This study evaluated a handover education programme based on situated learning theory in a clinical practicum.MethodsA quasi‐experimental design and convenience sampling technique were used. The participants (fourth‐grade nursing students recruited from a college in the C province of South Korea) were assigned to an intervention group (n = 38) or a control group (n = 39). A handover education programme that included lectures, expert observations, role playing, peer learning and reflection was received by the intervention group. The control group attended lectures and observed handovers. The handover skills of all participants were tested 2 weeks before and on the last day of the clinical practicum. Handover performance ability, handover clinical judgement ability and handover self‐efficacy were outcome variables.ResultsSignificant improvements in handover performance ability, handover clinical judgement ability and handover self‐efficacy were observed in the intervention group compared with the control group.ConclusionThe significance of this study lies in the development and application of a programme based on situated learning theory for handover education. Application of theory‐based handover education in clinical practicums is recommended to improve the handover capabilities of nursing students.