bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: You Huaxuan , Hu Juan , Liu Ying , Luo Biru , Lei Anjiang 
Published: November 2021

Background &objectives:
Women with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of being diagnosed as type 2 diabetes, but the postpartum screening rate is low. To provide evidence-based data for health providers and promote postpartum screening, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to access the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in different demographic and maternal subgroups.

Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched systematically. Unadjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochrane’s Q text and by calculating I
2 values. Subgroup analyses were conducted to address the disparities of type 2 diabetes conversion after gestational diabetes in different demographic and maternal subgroups.

Results:
1809 publications were screened and 39 cohort studies including 2,847,596 women were selected. In these studies, 78,893 women were diagnosed as T2DM at six weeks or later after delivery. The unadjusted RRs of women diagnosed T2DM at six weeks or later after delivery ranged from 1.32 (95% CI, 0.46-3.37) to 47.25 (95% CI, 2.95-758.01) with a pooled unadjusted RR of 8.92 (95% CI, 7.84-10.14). Older women, women with a family history of diabetes, Black and non-Hispanic White women and women living in Europe and South-East Asia had a higher risk of developing T2DM after GDM.

Interpretation & conclusions:
It is suggested that healthcare providers may focus on older women with GDM and women with GDM and a family history of diabetes. Black and non-Hispanic White women with GDM may receive more attention, and healthcare providers, especially those in Europe and South-East Asia, may pay more attention to preventive measures for postpartum T2DM.
The Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid Injection in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis among Adults
Authors: Calupitan Roberto F. , Leochico Carl Froilan D. , Senolos Gilmore C. , Rey-Matias Reynaldo R. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Lateral epicondylitis is common and may negatively impact activities of daily living. Currently, various conservative treatments are available including physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and interventional physiatry. Among the interventional procedures, periarticular hyaluronic acid (HA) injection is an emerging treatment option, but it lacks firm evidence to support its use.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of HA in reducing pain and improving function of patients with lateral epicondylitis.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review in January 2020. Randomized controlled trials identified from various electronic databases were included if they involved the following: Adults with lateral epicondylitis, periarticular injection of HA with or without other medications, and reported outcomes on pain, function, and adverse effects. Assessment of risk of bias was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Pertinent data were extracted from the eligible studies for data analysis.

Results:
Among the 42 studies identified, we included two trials with a total of 388 participants followed up within 6–12 months. The trials employed similar techniques in administering HA, although they used different doses and preparations. The control groups used either normal saline or corticosteroid. In both trials, there were statistically significant improvements in pain and function in favor of HA. No serious adverse event was reported.

Conclusion:
Albeit with promising intermediate and long-term effects for lateral epicondylitis, HA remains to have limited evidence regarding its effectiveness and safety. We recommend further research to determine the most optimal HA preparation, dosage, and technique for lateral epicondylitis that will help standardize our procedures.
The effect of continuous supportive care on birth pain, birth fear, midwifery care perception, oxytocin use, and delivery time during the intrapartum period
Authors: Çankaya S , Can R 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Intrapartum professional midwifery support can improve the coping skills with the fear of childbirth and birth pain, increase the perception of the woman, and prevent negative experiences. However, there are relatively few studies supporting this postulation.

Aims:
To investigate the effects of supportive care given during labor on birth pain, birth fear, perception of midwifery care, oxytocin use, and delivery time.

Patients and Methods:
This is a quasi-experimental study. We collected the data between January and June 2019 in a province in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Primiparous 102 pregnant women were included in the study. However, we excluded five pregnant women from the intervention group and four pregnant women from the control group as emergency cesarean section developed. In total, 93 pregnant women, 46 in the continuous supportive care intervention group, and 47 in the usual intrapartum care control group were evaluated. The following tools were used to collect data: The Delivery Fear Scale, a Visual Analog Scale for perceived pain, the Scale of Women's Perception for Supportive Care Given During Labor, and labor outcomes information form.

Results:
The participants in the intervention group receiving continuous intrapartum supportive care had less fear of birth and lower birth pain in the active and transitional stages of labor, their midwifery care perception increased, and the duration of labor was shorter (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in oxytocin use between the two groups at 95% confidence interval (-0.265-0.091) (p > 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.2).

Conclusion:
Pregnant women who received continuous intrapartum supportive care had less fear of birth and reduced labor pain in active and transitional stages of labor. In addition, with the continuous supportive care provided, the perception of midwifery care of the pregnant women increased and the duration of labor decreased. Therefore, midwifery care support should be provided to women throughout their labor and delivery process.
Predictors of early elbow function following paediatric humeral supracondylar fractures
Authors: Ekwedigwe HC , Anyaehie UE , Ede O , Anikwe IA , Eyichukwu GO , Anieze JK 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Supracondylar fracture usually occurs as a result of fall on an outstretched hand. Prompt management is essential to prevent complications. Functional outcome after management of this fracture may be predicted by some factors.

Aims:
The study aimed to review the management of supracondylar fractures and determine what factors have an impact on the functional outcome of the elbow using MEPS score in the early post-operative period.

Patients and Methods:
This study was a retrospective study of all patients with supracondylar fractures that presented at the accident and emergency department of a tertiary institution over a 2-year period. Their relevant data were retrieved from their folders and analysis done using SPSS 20. The MEPS score at 6 months was calculated. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine factors that can predict early elbow function using the MEPS score at 6 months.

Results:
In the study, 61.4% (35) patients were males and 38.6% (22) females. The commonest mechanism of injury was fall on the outstretched hand (FOOSH), 70.2%. The mean duration of presentation to the hospital was 38 h (SD = 56.9). Among treatment offered to the patients, a higher number had open reduction with pinning. The mean postoperative Mayo elbow score was 87.6. Age of patients, Gartland type and the duration of cast immobilization were significant predictors of the MEPS at 6 months after treatment.

Conclusion:
The Gartland type and duration of cast immobilization are the most important predictors of the MEPS score at 6 months in this study.
Changes in stroke volume variation and cardiac index during open major bowel surgery
Authors: Prabhu SP , Nileshwar A , Krishna HM , Prabhu M 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Stroke volume variation (SVV) is a dynamic indicator of preload, which is a determinant of cardiac output. Aims: Aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between changes in SVV and cardiac index (CI) in patients with normal left ventricular function undergoing major open abdominal surgery.

Patients and Methods:
Patients undergoing major open abdominal surgery were monitored continuously with FloTrac® to measure SVV and CI along with standard monitoring. Both SVV and CI were noted at baseline and every 10 min thereafter till the end of surgery and were observed for concurrence between the measurements.

Results:
1800 pairs of measurement of SVV and CI were obtained from 60 patients. Mean SVV and CI (of all patients) measured at different time points of measurement showed that as SVV increased with time, the CI dropped correspondingly. When individual readings of CI and SVV were plotted against each other, the scatter was found to be wide, reiterating the lack of agreement between the two parameters (R2 = 0.035). SVV >13% suggesting hypovolemia was found at 207 time points. Of these, 175 had a CI >2.5 L/min/m2 and only 32 patients had a CI <2.5 L/min/m2.

Conclusion:
SVV, a dynamic index of fluid responsiveness can be used to monitor patients expected to have large fluid shifts during major abdominal surgery. It is very specific and has a high negative predictive value. When SVV increases, CI is usually maintained. Since many factors affect SVV and CI, any increase in SVV >13%, must be correlated with other parameters before administration of the fluid challenge.
Analysis of patients undergoing surgical treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Cakmak M , Durkan A 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (psp) results from spontaneous rupture of bleb or bulla. Aims: We planned to discuss the etiologic factors, clinical and radiological findings, and treatment results of psp cases.

Materials and Methods:
402 patients were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups as patients receiving positive results with thoracostomy and patients who received positive results thoracotomy/video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (vats). Groups were compared. Results were evaluated using Chi-square or Fishers' exact test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results:
Gender difference (P: 1.00) and localization of disease (P: 0.45) were not significant for psp. Smoking and being subtotal or total compared to partial had a substantial effect on the implementation of thoracotomy/vats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, psp was most frequently seen in August and September.

Discussion:
Risk factors of psp are described as genetic predisposition, being tall, smoking, and autosomal dominant heredity. The main determinant factor in the treatment of psp is the degree of pneumothorax.

Conclusion:
Psp was frequently observed in smokers. The preferred method for overall psp is tube thoracostomy. Thoracotomy/vats is more commonly performed for subtotal or total psp compared to partial psp.
Inappropriate drug use rates of geriatric patients attending to a university hospital cardiology policlinic
Authors: Sarı YE , Ünlüoğlu İ , Çavuşoğlu Y , Bilge U 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
The interest in risks related to inappropriate drug use (IDU) and polypharmacy among the elderly has increased in recent years.

Aims:
We aimed to determine the frequency of IDU and multiple drug use in elderly patients in the cardiology outpatient clinic.

Patients and Methods:
In this prospective, cross-sectional study, a total of 513 patients aged 65 years and above who were admitted to the Cardiology Policlinic between December 2017 and January 2018 were included. To determine the prevalence of IDU, we investigated the suitability of the drugs used by the patients (according to the criteria of Beers 2015 and Screening Tool of Older People's Prescriptions [STOPP] version 2), the number of violated criteria in both the guidelines and which criterion was violated by the inappropriate drugs.

Results:
The 513 patients (mean age: 73.18 ± 5.99) in this study included females (n = 235; 45.8%) and males (n = 278; 54.2%). A total of 2,910 drugs were used by the 513 patients (mean per patient: 5.67 ± 2.51); 52.8% of the patients were using more than five drugs. The Beers criteria revealed that 304 IDUs were detected among the drugs and showed that 38.6% (n = 198) of the patients had IDU. According to the STOPP criteria, 366 IDUs were identified among the drugs used, and 45.6% (n = 234) of the patients had IDU.

Conclusion:
IDU frequencies of the elderly patients are similar to the world literature in our study. As the number of chronic illnesses the patients had increases, the frequency of IDU increases according to Beers and STOPP criteria in our study.
The effectiveness of ethylenediaminetetraacetic, etidronic, and peracetic acids activated with ultrasonics or diode laser on calcium hydroxide removal from root canal walls
Authors: Savur İG , Ulusoy Öİ 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
To assess the efficiency of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), etidronic (HEBP), and peracetic (PAA) acids agitated with ultrasonic energy or diode laser on removing calcium hydroxide (CH) dressings from root canal walls.

Material and Methods:
Single root canals of eighty extracted human teeth were chemomechanically instrumented and filled with CH. Sixty teeth were divided into six experimental groups (n = 10) according to the applied irrigation regimens for the removal of CH: Group 1: 5.25% NaOCl—17% EDTA, Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); Group 2: 5.25% NaOCl + 9% HEBP, PUI; Group 3: 5.25% NaOCl—2% PAA, PUI; Group 4: 5.25% NaOCl—17% EDTA, Diode laser-activated irrigation (LAI); Group 5: 5.25% NaOCl + 9% HEBP, LAI; Group 6: 5.25% NaOCl—2% PAA, LAI. The other 20 teeth were served as negative (n = 10) and positive controls (n = 10). The residuary amount of CH was scored in coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals by using scanning electron microscope. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis H with Bonferroni adjusted Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level of 0.05.

Results:
Etidronic acid activated with ultrasonics or diode laser removed the highest amount of CH from the middle third of root canals, compared to the other irrigation regimens (P < 0.001). Although the residual CH scores of PAA-PUI, PAA-LAI, and EDTA-PUI, EDTA-LAI groups were not statistically different from each other (P > 0.05), lower amount of CH was observed in the PAA-PUI and PAA-LAI groups.

Conclusions:
Use of etidronic acid activated with ultrasonics or diode laser can be an appropriate irrigation regimen for CH removal from root canal system.
The investigation of biochemical and microbiological properties of four different honey types produced in turkey and the comparison of their effects with silver sulfadiazine on wound healing in a rat model of burn injury
Authors: Bulut S Pamak , Gurbuzel M , Karabela SN , Pence HH , Aksaray S , Topal U 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
To determine and compare the effects of different honey types on wound healing in an animal model, with silver sulfadiazine as the standard treatment.

Materials and Methods:
Five different groups were created with eight rats in each group. Partial-depth burns were created, and different types of honey and silver sulfadiazine were applied to the respective groups. Rats were monitored for 21 days, and wound cultures were obtained. Histopathological evaluation and cytokine analysis of final tissue samples were performed. In addition, the biochemical and microbiological analyses of the four types of honey used in the study were performed.

Results:
Wound shrinkage comparisons showed that all four honey-treated groups (Bingöl, Konya, cotton, and citrus) performed better than the silver sulfadiazine group (honey groups, respectively, 86.86%, 84.72%, 89.61%, and 95.33% vs. control 82.90%). However, only citrus honey caused a significant difference in wound shrinkage rate when compared with other groups as well with control group (95.34% vs. 82.9%, P < 0.05). In tissues, all honey groups had higher cytokine (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1B, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) values compared with controls (P < 0.001). Honey analysis showed a significant inverse relationship between Fe (iron) and the number of diastases.

Conclusions:
The results of this study support the role of honey in wound healing, due to its antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. More studies are needed to identify the role of honey composition in wound healing.
Prevalence of apical periodontitis between root canal-treated and non-treated teeth and between genders
Authors: Mashyakhy M , Alkahtany M 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Apical periodontitis (AP) is one of the most important prognostic factors in almost all endodontic outcome studies. The high prevalence of AP has been reported in different populations.

Aims:
The aim of the present study was to investigate (a) the overall prevalence of AP among all permanent teeth, (b) the differences between root canal-treated (RCT) and non-treated teeth in association with AP, and (c) the influence of gender on AP in a Saudi Arabian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 208 CBCT radiographs (including 5,504 permanent teeth) were investigated. The CBCT machine used in this study was a 3D Accuitomo 170 (Morita, Japan) with the following features: 90 kV, 5–8 mA, 17.5 s exposure time, and 0.25 mm voxel size. The radiographs of the axial, coronal, and sagittal segments of each tooth were acquired to evaluate the presence or absence of RCT teeth and AP. The data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Z test was used to analyze the differences in proportions at the significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
The overall prevalence of AP was 4.5% (264 out of 5,504 permanent teeth). AP had the highest frequencies in the mandibular and maxillary first molars (18.4 and 9.3%, respectively) with a higher prevalence in the maxillary teeth. AP was associated with endodontically treated teeth more than the untreated ones (66.3% compared with 33.7%) with a highly significant difference (P < 0.001). AP was more prevalent in females than in males but with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
AP had a low prevalence (4.5%) in all permanent teeth and was highly associated with RCT teeth (66.3%). First molars had the highest prevalence of AP. Care must be taken when examining patient radiographs to avoid missing AP, particularly in RCT teeth.
Association of blood pressure with dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements in Turkish adolescents
Authors: Firat S , Nogay NH 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Determining high blood pressure in childhood is an important step to reduce the risk of occurrence of high blood pressure–related diseases in adulthood.

Aims:
This study aimed to assess the association of blood pressure with dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements in Turkish adolescents.

Patients and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 370 students (202 females, 168 males) aged 14 to 18 years from one private and one public school in Kayseri, Turkey. Some anthropometric measurements and 24-hour dietary recall of the students were obtained. Their blood pressures were measured, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) were used.

Results:
The body mass index (BMI) mean and waist/height ratio of the hypertensive group were significantly higher than those of the prehypertensive group, whereas their daily potassium, calcium, and magnesium intakes were significantly lower than those of the normotensive group. The percentage of individuals with very low diet quality was higher in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group (P > 0.05). The percentage of participants with sufficient physical activity was higher in the normotensive group than in the prehypertensive and hypertensive groups.

Conclusion:
Factors such as high BMI and waist/height rates; low calcium, magnesium, and potassium intakes with diet; insufficient physical activity; and low quality of diet might cause an increase in the blood pressure.
Lumbar-peritoneal shunt for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Liao Chia-Lin , Tseng Pao-Hui , Huang Hsin-Yi , Chiu Tsung-Lang , Lin Shinn-Zong , Tsai Sheng-Tzung 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus is a clinical syndrome consisting of dilated cerebral ventricles with the clinical triad of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment and/or urinary dysfunction. Lumbar-peritoneal (LP) shunt could improve idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) while its effectiveness on secondary NPH (sNPH) is elusive. We compared the clinical results of the patients who received LP shunt surgery between iNPH and sNPH.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the patients who received LP shunt surgery in a single center from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2017. Patients selected for LP shunt placement had at least two of three cardinal symptoms of iNPH. The symptoms should persist for more than 3 months with compatible brain magnetic resonance imaging findings. All patients were followed up with iNPH grading scale (iNPHGS) and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) for evaluation.

Results:
Thirty-three patients (23 male and 10 female patients) with mean age 76-year-old completed follow-up in this study, and 17 patients received lumbar drainage tests and intracranial pressure measurements. Both iNPH (n = 22) and sNPH (n = 11) groups did not have major complications such as infection, nerve root injury, or shunt failure. Both groups have significant improvement in iNPHGS and MRS. Interestingly, we found the correlation between both opening intracranial pressure and pressure gradient difference to the improvement percentage from LP shunt.

Conclusion:
The safety and effectiveness for sNPH patients who received LP shunt placement are equivalent to the iNPH patients. Lumbar drainage test provides prerequisite outcome prediction and should be considered to identify NPH patients planned to receive LP shunt.