bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbeitsbezogener Stress und Geschlechtsidentität
Authors: Wacker E. , Fischer A. , Schorlemmer J. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die steigende Prävalenz psychischer Erkrankungen in den letzten Jahrzehnten wird u. a. in Verbindung mit erhöhtem beruflichem Stress gesehen. Dabei zeigen Untersuchungen stets höhere Werte für Stress und Burnout bei Frauen als bei Männern, das biologische Geschlecht trägt jedoch nur wenig zur Varianzaufklärung der Werte bei. Die geplante Studie soll einen Beitrag zur Ursachenforschung leisten.

Fragestellung
Es werden die Effekte der Person-Umwelt-Passung in Feminität und Maskulinität auf subjektive Burnout-Werte, psychosomatische Beschwerden, Steroidwerte in Haarproben als biologische Langzeitstress-Marker sowie auf Arbeitsengagement unter Berücksichtigung von Arbeitsplatzbedingungen untersucht. Im Beitrag wird die geplante Untersuchung vorgestellt.

Material und Methoden
Für die Studie werden 411 Beschäftigte eines medizinischen Dienstleistungsunternehmens zur Befragung eingeladen und können Haarproben für eine Steroid-Analyse abgeben. Durch Selbstauskunftsskalen werden individuelle und arbeitsplatzbezogene Feminitäts- und Maskulinitätswerte, Arbeitsplatzbedingungen, Burnout-Symptome, psychosomatische Beschwerden und Arbeitsengagement erfasst. Die Operationalisierung der Person-Umwelt-Passung erfolgt durch die Subtraktion der Feminitäts- und Maskulinitätswerte des Arbeitsumfeldes von den entsprechenden individuellen Werten. In den Haarproben werden mittels Flüssigkeitschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie (LC-MS/MS) die Werte für Cortisol, Cortison, Dehydroepiandrosteron (DHEA), Testosteron und Progesteron ermittelt.

Ziele
Die Effekte der Feminität und Maskulinität als arbeitsplatzbezogene Person-Umwelt-Passung sollen als Prädiktoren für arbeitsbezogenen Stress untersucht werden, um zu überprüfen, ob diese sinnvollere Erklärungen als Geschlechtsgruppen-Erfassung bieten.
Strongly Coupled 2D Transition Metal Chalcogenide-MXene-Carbonaceous Nanoribbon Heterostructures with Ultrafast Ion Transport for Boosting Sodium/Potassium Ions Storage
Authors: Cao Junming , Li Junzhi , Li Dongdong , Yuan Zeyu , Zhang Yuming , Shulga Valerii , Sun Ziqi , Han Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCombining with the advantages of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, MXenes have shown great potential in next generation rechargeable batteries. Similar with other 2D materials, MXenes generally suffer severe self-agglomeration, low capacity, and unsatisfied durability, particularly for larger sodium/potassium ions, compromising their practical values. In this work, a novel ternary heterostructure self-assembled from transition metal selenides (MSe, M = Cu, Ni, and Co), MXene nanosheets and N-rich carbonaceous nanoribbons (CNRibs) with ultrafast ion transport properties is designed for sluggish sodium-ion (SIB) and potassium-ion (PIB) batteries. Benefiting from the diverse chemical characteristics, the positively charged MSe anchored onto the electronegative hydroxy (–OH) functionalized MXene surfaces through electrostatic adsorption, while the fungal-derived CNRibs bonded with the other side of MXene through amino bridging and hydrogen bonds. This unique MXene-based heterostructure prevents the restacking of 2D materials, increases the intrinsic conductivity, and most importantly, provides ultrafast interfacial ion transport pathways and extra surficial and interfacial storage sites, and thus, boosts the high-rate storage performances in SIB and PIB applications. Both the quantitatively kinetic analysis and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the interfacial ion transport is several orders higher than that of the pristine MXenes, which delivered much enhanced Na+ (536.3 mAh g−1@ 0.1 A g−1) and K+ (305.6 mAh g−1@ 1.0 A g−1 ) storage capabilities and excellent long-term cycling stability. Therefore, this work provides new insights into 2D materials engineering and low-cost, but kinetically sluggish post-Li batteries.
Was Adam Smith an evolutionary economist?: Smith’s study of botany and Charles Darwin’s theory of morality
Authors: Taka Tetsuo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to extend and provide a new understanding of Adam Smith’s thoughts by focusing on some revisions in the 4th edition of The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Smith 1774), “the nutritional value theory of corn” in the Wealth of Nations, and then comparing Smith’s discourses on the formation of morality with C. Darwin’s. Smith’s understanding of human nature extended and deepened with the study of botany and other sciences at Kirkcaldy after spending 2 years in France as Duke Buccleugh’s tutor. He began to understand human nature not only as a composite of self-love and benevolence, but also of instinctual and experiential knowledge. Thus, Smith’s system transitioned to an evolutionary one, and he became an unconscious forerunner of the Darwinian theory of morality formation.
Method, Material, and Machine: A Review for the Surgeon Using Three-Dimensional Printing for Accelerated Device Production
Authors: Xun Helen , Clarke Scott , Baker Nusaiba , Shallal Christopher , Lee Erica , Fadavi Darya , Wong Alison , Brandacher Gerald , Kang Sung Hoon , Sacks Justin M. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Physicians are at the forefront of identifying innovative targets to address current medical needs. 3D printing technology has emerged as a state-of-the-art method of prototyping medical devices or producing patient-specific models that is more cost-efficient, with faster turnaround time, in comparison to traditional prototype manufacturing. However, initiating 3D printing projects can be daunting due to the engineering learning curve, including the number of methodologies, variables, and techniques for printing from which to choose. To help address these challenges, we sought to create a guide for physicians interested in venturing into 3D printing.

STUDY DESIGN:
All commercially available, plug-and-play, material and stereolithography printers costing less than $15,000 were identified via web search. Companies were contacted to obtain quotes and information sheets for all printer models. The qualifying printers' manufacturer specification sheets were reviewed, and pertinent variables were extracted.

RESULTS:
We reviewed 309 commercially available printers and materials and identified 118 printers appropriate for clinicians desiring plug-and-play models for accelerated device production. We synthesized this information into a decision-making tool to choose the appropriate parameters based on project goals.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is a growing clinical need for medical devices to reduce costs of care and increase access to personalized treatments; however, the learning curve may be daunting for surgeons. In this review paper, we introduce the “3Ms of 3D printing” for medical professionals and provide tools and data sheets for selection of commercially available, affordable, plug-and-play 3D printers appropriate for surgeons interested in innovation.
Increased Use of Prehospital Tourniquet and Patient Survival: Los Angeles Countywide Study
Authors: Henry Reynold , Matsushima Kazuhide , Ghafil Cameron , Henry Rachel N. , Theeuwen Hailey , Golden Adam C. , Abramson Tiffany M. , Inaba Kenji 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Recent trends in prehospital tourniquet use remain underreported. In addition, the impact of prehospital tourniquet use on patient survival has not been evaluated in a population-level study. We hypothesized that prehospital tourniquets were used more frequently in Los Angeles County and their use was associated with improved patient survival.

STUDY DESIGN:
This is a retrospective cohort study using a database maintained by the Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services Agency. We included patients who sustained extremity vascular injuries between October 2015 and July 2019. Patients were divided into the following study groups: prehospital tourniquet and no-tourniquet group. Our primary end point was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes included 4- and 24-hour transfusion requirements and delayed amputation.

RESULTS:
A total of 944 patients met our inclusion criteria. Of those, 97 patients (10.3%) had prehospital tourniquets placed. The rate of tourniquet use increased linearly throughout our study period (goodness of fit, p = 0.014). In multivariable analysis, prehospital tourniquet use was significantly associated with improved mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.32; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.85; p = 0.032). Similarly, transfusion requirements were significantly lower within 4 hours (regression coefficient –547.76; 95% CI, –762.73 to –283.49; p < 0.001) and 24 hours (regression coefficient –1,389.82; 95% CI, –1,824.88 to –920.97; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in delayed amputation rates (adjusted odds ratio 1.07; 95% CI, 0.21 to 10.88; p < 0.097).

CONCLUSIONS:
Prehospital tourniquet use has been on the rise in Los Angeles County. Our results suggest that the use of prehospital tourniquets for extremity vascular injuries is associated with improved patient survival and decreased blood transfusion requirements, without an increase in delayed amputations.
The outcome of olfactory impairment in patients with otherwise paucisymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 during the pandemic
Authors: Jalessi M , Bagheri S H , Azad Z , Firouzabadi F D , Amini E , Alizadeh R , Chaibakhsh S , Ghalehbaghi B , Hopkins C , Farhadi M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to measure the duration and recovery rate of olfactory loss in patients complaining of recent smell loss as their prominent symptom during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.MethodThis was a prospective telephone follow-up observational study of 243 participants who completed an online survey that started on 12 March 2020.ResultsAfter a mean of 5.5 months from the loss of smell onset, 98.3 per cent of participants reported improvement with a 71.2 per cent complete recovery rate after a median of 21 days. The chance of complete recovery significantly decreased after 131 days from the onset of loss of smell (100 per cent sensitive and 97.7 per cent specific). Younger age and isolated smell loss were associated with a rapid recovery, whereas accompanying rhinological and gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with longer loss of smell duration.ConclusionSmell loss, occurring as a prominent symptom during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, showed a favourable outcome. However, after 5.5 months from the onset, around 10 per cent of participants still complained of moderate or severe hyposmia.
Are social media users more satisfied with their life than non-users? A study on older Italians
Authors: Sala Emanuela , Cerati Gabriele , Gaia Alessandra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite older people's increasing use of social media (SM), there is relatively little research investigating the impact of SM use on wellbeing in the ageing population. This study investigates the relationship between SM use and life satisfaction, a key dimension of wellbeing, in three age groups. We focus on the Italian case, which is particularly relevant because Italy is one of the countries both with the highest incidence of older people and the lowest uptake of SM in Europe. Applying linear regression modelling techniques, we analyse data from the 2018 Multipurpose Survey – Aspects of Everyday Living, a large probability-based household survey. For two age groups, we find a positive relationship between SM use and life satisfaction which weakens after controlling for older people's demographic and socio-economic characteristics, health conditions and social network characteristics. Given the grey digital divide that still exists in some European countries, we conclude with a call for urgent interventions to remove the hurdles that prevent frail older people from enjoying the benefits of an active ageing, fully exploiting the potential of SM use.
Vocabulary production in toddlers from low-income immigrant families: evidence from children exposed to Romanian-Italian and Nigerian English-Italian
Authors: BARACHETTI Chiara , MAJORANO Marinella , ROSSI Germano , ANTOLINI Elena , ZERBATO Rosanna , LAVELLI Manuela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe relationship between first and second language in early vocabulary acquisition in bilingual children is still debated in the literature. This study compared the expressive vocabulary of 39 equivalently low-SES two-year-old bilingual children from immigrant families with different heritage languages (Romanian vs. Nigerian English) and the same majority language (Italian). Vocabulary size, vocabulary composition and translation equivalents (TEs) were assessed using the Italian/L1 versions of the CDI. Higher vocabulary in Italian than in the heritage language emerged in both groups. Moreover, Romanian-Italian-speaking children produced higher proportions of TEs than Nigerian English-Italian-speaking children, suggesting that L1-L2 phonological similarity facilitates the acquisition of cross-linguistic synonyms.
Effect of breast milk oral care in infants who underwent surgical correction of ventricular septal defect
Authors: Yu Xian-Rong , Lei Yu-Qing , Liu Jian-Feng , Wang Zeng-Chun , Cao Hua , Chen Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:This study explored the clinical effect of employing breast milk oral care for infants who underwent surgical correction of ventricular septal defect.Methods:A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted in a provincial hospital between January, 2020 and July, 2020 in China. Patients were randomly divided into an intervention group (breast milk oral care, n = 28) and a control group (physiological saline oral care, n = 28). The intervention group was given oral nursing using breast milk for infants in the early post-operative period, and the control group was given oral nursing using physiological saline. Related clinical data were recorded and analysed.Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, weight, operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, or aortic cross-clamping time between the two groups. Compared with the physiological saline oral care group, the mechanical ventilation duration, the length of ICU stay in the breast milk oral care group were significantly shorter. The time of start feeding and total enteral nutrition were significantly earlier in the intervention group than those in the control group. The incidence of post-operative pneumonia in the breast milk oral care group was 3.6%, which was significantly lower than that of the physiological saline oral care group.Conclusion:The use of breast milk for oral care in infants who underwent surgical correction of VSD can reduce the incidence of post-operative pneumonia and promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function.
Impact of Planetary Boundary Layer and Cloud Microphysics on the Sensitivity of Monsoon Precipitation Using a Gray‐Zone Regional Model
Authors: Taraphdar Sourav , Pauluis Olivier M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study explores how the Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall simulations are affected by the mathematical representations of the planetary boundary and microphysics parameterizations at a gray zone resolution. The monsoon is simulated with the Weather Research and Forecast model at a 9 km horizontal resolution over South–East Asia for three different years, chosen to represent early, normal, and delayed monsoon onset. Changing the boundary layer from a hybrid to a local scheme dramatically impacts the monsoon simulation, reducing around 40% in total rainfall. In contrast, changing the microphysics scheme has a less pronounced impact (5%) on the precipitation but still induces regional variations. To assess how physical parameterization changes affect South Asia's rainfall, we evaluate their impact on both the energy and moisture budgets over the subcontinent. It is revealed that local changes in evaporation do not directly drive changes in precipitation. Instead, changes in the regional distribution of the energy sources and sinks modify the atmospheric circulation, which affects the distribution of rainfall. In particular, the boundary layer changes can substantially increase the latent heat flux, strengthening the monsoon. In the tropics, overturning circulation that exports energy is tied to a net inflow of water. Thus, the intensification of the monsoonal circulation results in an enhanced water inflow and increased rainfall.
Seesaw Terrestrial Wetting and Drying Between Eastern and Western Australia
Authors: Chen Ajiao , Guan Huade , Batelaan Okke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAustralia, the driest inhabited continent, is prone to natural disasters, such as droughts, floods, bushfires, and heatwaves. Strong climate variability causes recurring threats to water supply, agriculture, and the environment. Improving our insight into changes in hydroclimatic patterns is required to provide useful information for society. Previous studies mainly focused on the causes of extreme wet or dry events in specific periods and their impacts on agriculture and ecosystems. An understanding of long‐term spatio‐temporal patterns of wetting and drying in Australia is still lacking. Here we show, based on analyses of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite derived terrestrial water storage and extended datasets, that there are four consecutive periods of seesaw wetting and drying between eastern and western Australia in the past five decades. The seesaw phenomenon is characterized by eastern Australia gaining water, while western Australia is losing water, and vice versa. Strong La Niña induced continent‐wide wetting, resets this pattern, leaving each seesaw to last for 11 ± 5 years. We provide one possible mechanism related to vegetation response to climate variability and its feedback on hydrological processes to explain the seesaw pattern. The identified recurring seesaw pattern indicates that society would need to become more adaptive in managing forest, water, and disaster risks in the wake of a next strong La Niña induced continent‐wide wetting in Australia.
Reactivation of Magma Pathways: Insights From Field Observations, Geochronology, Geomechanical Tests, and Numerical Models
Authors: Thiele Samuel T. , Cruden Alexander R. , Zhang Xi , Micklethwaite Steven , Matchan Erin L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractField observations and unmanned aerial vehicle surveys from Caldera Taburiente (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain) show that pre‐existing dykes can capture and re‐direct younger ones to form multiple dyke composites. Chill margins suggest that the older dykes were solidified and cooled when this occurred. In one multiple dyke example, an 40Ar/39Ar age difference of 200 kyr was determined between co‐located dykes. Petrography and geomechanical measurements (ultrasonic pulse and Brazilian disc tests) show that a microscopic preferred alignment of plagioclase laths and sheet‐like structures formed by non‐randomly distributed vesicles give the solidified dykes anisotropic elastic moduli and fracture toughness. We hypothesize that this anisotropy led to the development of margin‐parallel joints within the dykes, during subsequent volcanic loading. Finite element models also suggest that the elastic contrast between solidified dykes and their host rock elevated and re‐oriented the stresses that governed subsequent dyke propagation. Thus, the margin‐parallel joints, combined with local concentration and rotation of stresses, favored the deflection of subsequent magma‐filled fractures by up to 60° to form the multiple dykes. At the edifice scale, the capture and deflection of active intrusions by older ones could change the organization of volcanic magma plumbing systems and cause unexpected propagation paths relative to the regional stress. We suggest that reactivation of older dykes by this mechanism gives the volcanic edifice a structural memory of past stress states, potentially encouraging the re‐use of older vents and deflecting intrusions along volcanic rift zones or toward shallow magma reservoirs.
Quantifying Diagenesis, Contributing Factors, and Resulting Isotopic Bias in Benthic Foraminifera Using the Foraminiferal Preservation Index: Implications for Geochemical Proxy Records
Authors: Poirier Robert K. , Gaetano Madison Q. , Acevedo Kimberly , Schaller Morgan F. , Raymo Maureen E. , Kozdon Reinhard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGeochemical records generated from the calcite tests of benthic foraminifera, especially those of the genera Cibicidoides and Uvigerina, provide the basis for proxy reconstructions of past climate. However, the extent to which benthic foraminifera are affected by postdepositional alteration is poorly constrained. Furthermore, how diagenesis may alter the geochemical composition of benthic foraminiferal tests, and thereby biasing a variety of proxy‐based climate records, is also poorly constrained. We present the Foraminiferal Preservation Index (FPI) as a new metric to quantify preservation quality based on objective, well‐defined criteria. The FPI is used to identify and quantify trends in diagenesis temporally, from late Pliocene to modern coretop samples (3.3–0 Ma), as well as spatially in the deep ocean. The FPI identifies the chemical composition of deep‐ocean water masses to be the primary driver of diagenesis through time, while also serving as a supplementary method of identifying periods of changing water mass influence at a given site. Additionally, we present stable isotope data (δ18O, δ13C) generated from individual Cibicidoides specimens of various preservation quality that demonstrate the likelihood of significant biasing in a variety of geochemical proxy records, especially those used to reconstruct past changes in ice volume and sea level. These single‐test data further demonstrate that when incorporating carefully selected tests of only the highest preservation quality, robust paleorecords can be generated.
Strike‐Slip Enables Subduction Initiation Beneath a Failed Rift: New Seismic Constraints From Puysegur Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Shuck Brandon , Van Avendonk Harm , Gulick Sean P. S. , Gurnis Michael , Sutherland Rupert , Stock Joann , Patel Jiten , Hightower Erin , Saustrup Steffen , Hess Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSubduction initiation often takes advantage of previously weakened lithosphere and may preferentially nucleate along pre‐existing plate boundaries. To evaluate how past tectonic regimes and inherited lithospheric structure might lead to self‐sustaining subduction, we present an analysis of the Puysegur Trench, a young subduction zone with a rapidly evolving tectonic history. The Puysegur margin, south of New Zealand, has experienced a transformation from rifting to seafloor spreading to strike‐slip, and most recently to incipient subduction, all in the last ∼45 million years. Here we present deep‐penetrating multichannel reflection and ocean‐bottom seismometer tomographic images to document crustal structures along the margin. Our images reveal that the overriding Pacific Plate beneath the Solander Basin contains stretched continental crust with magmatic intrusions, which formed from Eocene‐Oligocene rifting between the Campbell and Challenger plateaus. Rifting was more advanced to the south, yet never proceeded to breakup and seafloor spreading in the Solander Basin as previously thought. Subsequent strike‐slip deformation translated continental crust northward causing an oblique collisional zone, with trailing ∼10 Myr old oceanic lithosphere. Incipient subduction transpired as oceanic lithosphere from the south forcibly underthrust the continent‐collision zone. We suggest that subduction initiation at the Puysegur Trench was assisted by inherited buoyancy contrasts and structural weaknesses that were imprinted into the lithosphere during earlier phases of continental rifting and strike‐slip along the plate boundary. The Puysegur margin demonstrates that forced nucleation along a strike‐slip boundary is a viable subduction initiation scenario and should be considered throughout Earth's history.