bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of persistence in patients with schizophrenia treated with aripiprazole once-monthly long-acting injection in the Spanish clinical practice: a retrospective, observational study
Authors: Olivares José Manuel , González-Pinto Ana , Páramo Mario 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Poor adherence to antipsychotic drugs is a major problem in schizophrenia management and one of the most important risk factors for relapse and hospitalization. To date, there is little evidence on persistence predictors with long-acting injectable antipsychotics, especially with aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM). This study (NCT03130478) aimed to describe the impact of demographic and clinical characteristics on persistence with AOM treatment in real-world setting.

Methods
This was an observational, retrospective, non-interventional study that included adult patients with schizophrenia who were initiated on AOM during a schizophrenia-related hospitalization. Data were retrospectively collected from patients’ medical records. The primary variable was persistence with AOM, measured as the number of days from AOM initiation up to all-cause AOM discontinuation during the first six months after treatment index.

Results
140 patients were enrolled and 91 fulfilled the selection criteria. Six months after AOM initiation, 65 (71.4%) patients were still receiving AOM treatment, whereas 26 (28.6%) were not. The mean (standard deviation) time to AOM treatment discontinuation in the first six months was 138.1 (6.8) days, with most of the patients discontinuing at the first 28 days. The risk of AOM discontinuation in the first six months increases 1.05-fold annually since schizophrenia diagnosis (p=0.003); moreover, this risk increases 2.86-fold in patients with concomitant schizophrenia medication at AOM initiation compared to patients without concomitant schizophrenia treatments (p=0.02).

Conclusions
Main factors predicting persistence with AOM treatment at six months in clinical practice are fewer years since schizophrenia diagnosis and not receiving concomitant schizophrenia treatments at AOM initiation.
PUblications Metadata Augmentation (PUMA) pipeline
Authors: Butters Oliver W. , Wilson Rebecca C. , Garner Hugh , Burton Thomas W. Y. 
Published: April 2021

Cohort studies collect, generate and distribute data over long periods of time – often over the lifecourse of their participants. It is common for these studies to host a list of publications (which can number many thousands) on their website to demonstrate the impact of the study and facilitate the search of existing research to which the study data has contributed. The ability to search and explore these publication lists varies greatly between studies. We believe a lack of rich search and exploration functionality of study publications is a barrier to entry for new or prospective users of a study’s data, since it may be difficult to find and evaluate previous work in a given area. These lists of publications are also typically manually curated, resulting in a lack of rich metadata to analyse, making bibliometric analysis difficult. We present here a software pipeline that aggregates metadata from a variety of third-party providers to power a web based search and exploration tool for lists of publications. Alongside core publication metadata (i.e. author lists, keywords etc.), we include geocoding of first authors and citation counts in our pipeline. This allows a characterisation of a study as a whole based on common locations of authors, frequency of keywords, citation profile etc. This enriched publications metadata can be useful for generating study impact metrics and web-based graphics for public dissemination. In addition, the pipeline produces a research data set for bibliometric analysis or social studies of science. We use a previously published list of publications from a cohort study as an exemplar input data set to show the output and utility of the pipeline here.
Experimental Study on Sugarcane Top Chopper
Authors: Hu Jiwei , Ma Shaochun , Gao Shili , Bai Jing , Wang Fenglei , Xing Haonan 
Published: April 2021

HighlightsThis article focuses on the sugarcane top chopper.The influence of three factors on the experimental indexes was studied.The optimal parameters combination of working performance was obtained.Abstract. In the process of sugarcane harvesting, sugarcane tops are cut off by the chopper and directly thrown into the field. A small percentage of sugarcane tops are picked and collected to feed livestock. Therefore, it is meaningful to develop an effective sugarcane top chopper which is used to harvest sugarcane tops before harvesting sugarcane stalk harvesting. In this study, a sugarcane top chopping platform was fabricated to investigate critical parameters such as chopping speed (CS), top feeding speed (FS), and cutting drum gap (DG) on the machine performance. In evaluating the sugarcane top chopper, three single factor experiment and one orthogonal experiment were carried out. The single factor test was used to examine the effect of CS, FS and DG on the chopping performance of the machine. According to orthogonal test, the comprehensive influence order was determined: cutting drum gap &gt; chopping speed &gt; top feeding speed. The optimal parameters combination for good working performance of the machine was obtained: chopping speed was 750 rpm, top feeding speed was 1.2 m·s-1, and cutting drum gap was 20 mm. The relationships between the chopping performance and the three critical factors were examined and analyzed to provide theoretical basis for the development of a sugarcane top chopper. Keywords: Chopping performance, Orthogonal test, Single factor test, Sugarcane top chopper, Variance analysis.
Flexible, fast, and benchmarked vectorial model for focused laser beams
Authors: Li Qingfeng , Chambonneau Maxime , Blothe Markus , Gross Herbert , Nolte Stefan 
Published: April 2021

In-bulk processing of materials by laser radiation has largely evolved over the last decades and still opens up new scientific and industrial potentials. The development of any in-bulk processing application relies on the knowledge of laser propagation and especially the volumetric field distribution near the focus. Many commercial programs can simulate this, but, to adapt them, or to develop new methods, one usually must create a specific software. Besides, most of the time people also need to measure the actual field distribution near the focus to evaluate their assumptions in the simulation. To easily get access to this knowledge, we present our high-precision field distribution measuring method and release our in-house software InFocus [https://github.com/QF06/InFocus], under the Creative Commons 4.0 license. Our measurements provide 300 nm longitudinal resolution and diffraction limited lateral resolution. The in-house software allows fast vectorial analysis of the focused volumetric field distribution in bulk. Simulations of the linear propagation of light under different conditions (focusing optics, wavelength, spatial shape, and propagation medium) are in excellent agreement with propagation imaging experiments. The aberrations provoked by the refractive index mismatch as well as those induced by the focusing optics are both taken into account. The results indicate that our proposed model is suitable for the precise evaluation of energy deposition.
Prevalence of stunting and associated factors among public primary school pupils of Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia: School-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Bantie Getasew Mulat , Aynie Amare Alamirew , Akenew Kidist Hailu , Belete Mahlet Tilahun , Tena Eyerusalem Teshome , Gebretsadik Genet Gebreselasie , Tsegaw Aynalem Nebebe , Woldemariam Tigist Birru , Woya Ashenafi Abate , Melese Amare Alemu , Ayalew Agumas Fentahun , Dessie Getenet 
Published: April 2021

Background
Stunting is a well-established child-health indicator of chronic malnutrition, which reliably gives a picture of the past nutritional history and the prevailing environmental and socioeconomic circumstances.

Objective
To investigate the prevalence of stunting and associated factors among public primary school children of the Bahir Dar city.

Method
A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to June 2019. Data were coded and entered into the Epi-Data and exported to SPSS version 23 software. The pupil was stunted if the height- for-age was ≤ -2 SDs from the median growth standards according to the WHO. A descriptive summary was computed using frequency, percent, mean, median and standard deviation. A simple logistic regression model was fitted to identify associated factors between the independent variables and the dependent variable at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value <0.05.

Results
370 primary school pupils were included in the study with the mean age of 10.15 (± 2.23 SD) years. 51.6% of the pupils were females. The total prevalence of stunting was 15.13% (95%CI; 11%, 19%). The burden of stunting was higher in the age group of 11 years and older. Pupil’s age older than 11 years (AOR = 15. 6; 95%CI; 3.31, 73.45; p-value < 0. 001) and male sex (AOR = 7. 07; 95%CI: 2.51, 19.89; p-value < 0. 0002) were significantly associated with stunting.

Conclusion
The prevalence of stunting was relatively lower than the regional estimated stunting level. Older age and male sex were significantly associated with stunting.
Recommending encounters according to the sociodemographic characteristics of patient strata can reduce risks from type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ye Han , Mukherjee Ujjal Kumar , Chhajed Dilip , Hirsbrunner Jason , Roloff Collin 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesPhysician encounters with patients with type 2 diabetes act as motivation for self-management and lifestyle adjustments that are indispensable for diabetes treatment. We elucidate the sociodemographic sources of variation in encounter usage and the impact of encounter usage on glucose control, which can be used to recommend encounter usage for different sociodemographic strata of patients to reduce risks from Type 2 diabetes.Data and methodsWe analyzed data from a multi-facility clinic in the Midwestern United States on 2124 patients with type 2 diabetes, from 95 ZIP codes. A zero-inflated Poisson model was used to estimate the effects of various ZIP-code level sociodemographic variables on the encounter usage. A multinomial logistic regression model was built to estimate the effects of physical and telephonic encounters on patients’ glucose level transitions. Results from the two models were combined in marginal effect analyses.Results and conclusionsConditional on patients’ clinical status, demographics, and insurance status, significant inequality in patient encounters exists across ZIP codes with varying sociodemographic characteristics. One additional physical encounter in a six-month period marginally increases the probability of transition from a diabetic state to a pre-diabetic state by 4.3% and from pre-diabetic to the non-diabetic state by 3.2%. Combined marginal effect analyses illustrate that a ZIP code in the lower quartile of high school graduate percentage among all ZIP codes has 1 fewer physical encounter per six months marginally compared to a ZIP code at the upper quartile, which gives 5.4% average increase in the probability of transitioning from pre-diabetic to diabetic. Our results suggest that policymakers can target particular patient groups who may have inadequate encounters to engage in diabetes care, based on their immediate environmental sociodemographic characteristics, and design programs to increase their encounters to achieve better care outcomes.
Water footprint of protein yield of field crop species based on evapotranspiration patterns
Authors: Jolánkai Márton , Kassai Katalin M. , Eser Adna , Kempf Laura , Tarnawa Ákos 
Published: April 2021

Water availability is one of the major physiological factors influencing plant growth and development. An assessment study has been done at the Szent István University, Gödöllő to evaluate and identify the water footprint of protein yield of field crop species.
Six field crop species (sugar beet Beta vulgaris, winter barley Hordeum vulgare, winter wheat Triticum aestivum, maize Zea mays, potato Solanum tuberosum, and alfalfa Medicago sativa) were involved in the study. Evapotranspiration patterns of the crops studied have been identified and physiologically reliable protein ranges within crop yields were evaluated.
The results obtained suggest, that water footprint of cereals proved to be the lowest, however maize values were highly affected by the high variability of protein yield. Alfalfa, potato and sugar beet water footprints were in accordance with their evapotranspiration patterns.
The effect of different weed control technologies on weed species composition of maize
Authors: Vaczkó Gábor , Hódi László , Tar Melinda , Jakab Péter , Kristó István 
Published: April 2021

In our investigation we used different weed control technologies in the different phenology states of the maize. The farm experiment has been carried out in Hungary, Kunágota, on flat surface, homogeneous quality chernozem soil, on 1000 m2 plots, in 4 replications.
The experiment can be regarded as 9 weed-control strategies where, in addition to the untreated control, two chemicals are applied (Laudis, Capreno) in different doses, two mechanical weed-control technologies, and two combination of chemicals and mechanicals weed-control technologies were used. Mechanical weed-control place connected to the herbicide treatments in different times: until 4-6-leave age weedless, in 4-6-leave age hoed once, in 4-6-leave age cultivation once.
Our results were assessed by chemical efficiency examination in five periods. Our resoult show that the two tested herbicides were efficient against weeds. Laudis was more effective, than Capreno against Setaria pumila. The dose enlargement of Capreno only slightly increased the herbicidal efficiency. The decreased dosage of Capreno was not efficient enough against Abutilon theophrasti.
Enhanced biodegradability of dairy sludge by microwave assisted alkaline and acidic pre-treatments
Authors: Beszédes Sándor , Jákói Zoltán , Lemmer Balázs , Hodúr Cecilia 
Published: April 2021

Considering the rapid, volumetric and selective heating effects of microwaves the microwave assisted chemical methods could provide appropriate alternatives for conventional thermal methods in sludge processing. Microwave irradiation alone is suitable to accelerate the hydrolysis stage of anaerobic decomposition of sludge resulted in accelerated biogas production rate and in higher biogas yield. Alkaline pre-treatments increase the organic matter solubility and suitable for disintegration of sludge particles. In some study are concluded that acidic conditions help the disintegration of waste activated sludge and assist in the solubilisation of carbohydrates and proteins which led to increased higher biogas production, as well. Beside the promising results related to effects of microwave pre-treatments on anaerobic digestion of sludge there are very few reports on the investigation of combined acidic/alkali-microwave pre-treatment method for food industry originated sludge. Hence, our study focused on the examination of the effects of combined microwave-alkali and microwave-acidic pre-treatment on aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of sludge produced in dairy industry
Our experimental results verified, that microwave irradiation with alkaline dosage improve the solubility of organic matters in the pH range of 8-12. But enhancement of disintegration was not correlated linearly with biodegradability. During pre-treatment stage, applying pH over 10, the aerobic biodegradability show decreasing tendency. Applying of acidic condition during microwave irradiation resulted in lower disintegration degree than obtained for microwave-alkaline sludge pre-treatment method. But with microwave assisted acidic pre-treatments a higher aerobic biodegradability could be achieved than with alkaline dosage. In microwave pre-treatments acidic condition was preferable to increase the shorter aerobic biodegradability; the alkaline condition was favourable to intensify the anaerobic digestion process.
L’analisi della curva di apprendimento della chirurgia dell’otosclerosi può aiutare a predirre i risultati funzionali?
Authors: Sergi B. , Paludetti G. 
Published: April 2021

Il numero di interventi per otosclerosi è progressivamente diminuito nel corso degli ultimi 20 anni. Questa riduzione crea difficoltà sia al chirurgo esperto ma soprattutto a quello giovane che inizia il suo percorso di formazione. Abbiamo analizzato in maniera retrospettiva i risultati funzionali ottenuti dopo stapedotomia effettuati da un giovane chirurgo presso la Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica del Policlinico “A. Gemelli” di Roma. La tecnica impiegata è quella della stapedotomia con laser COe utilizziamo una protesi in teflon e titanio. I risultati funzionali sono stati valutati come riduzione della ipoacusia trasmissiva sulle frequenze comprese tra 250 e 4000 Hz all’ultimo esame eseguito durante il follow-up. L’analisi dei dati non ha evidenziato un momento in cui la curva di apprendimento possa essere considerata conclusa poiché ottimi risultati con una riduzione pressoché completa della ipoacusia trasmissiva si sono alternati con altri i cui risultati funzionali non sono stati altrettanto ottimi. In nessun caso si è comunque registrata una coclearizzazione dell’ipoacusia. Questa analisi supporta l’esistenza di una curva di apprendimento della chirurgia dell’otosclerosi senza però individuare un punto dopo il quale si possa prevedere che i risultati funzionali saranno tutti ottimi. La chirurgia dell’otosclerosi non dovrebbe essere effettuata all’inizio della pratica della chirurgia otologica, data l’aspettativa funzionale che il paziente ripone nell’intervento e la mancanza delle capacità chirurgiche necessarie.
Solving Composite Fixed Point Problems with Block Updates
Authors: Combettes Patrick L. , Glaudin Lilian E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Various strategies are available to construct iteratively a common fixed point of nonexpansive operators by activating only a block of operators at each iteration. In the more challenging class of composite fixed point problems involving operators that do not share common fixed points, current methods require the activation of all the operators at each iteration, and the question of maintaining convergence while updating only blocks of operators is open. We propose a method that achieves this goal and analyze its asymptotic behavior. Weak, strong, and linear convergence results are established by exploiting a connection with the theory of concentrating arrays. Applications to several nonlinear and nonsmooth analysis problems are presented, ranging from monotone inclusions and inconsistent feasibility problems, to variational inequalities and minimization problems arising in data science.
A review on chemistry, source and therapeutic potential of lambertianic acid
Authors: Shahinozzaman Md , Islam Moutushi , Basak Bristy , Sultana Arifa , Emran Rashiduzzaman , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Islam A. T. M. Rafiqul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lambertianic acid (LA) is a diterpene bioactive compound mainly purified from different species of Pinus. It is an optical isomer of another natural compound daniellic acid and was firstly purified from Pinus lambertiana. LA can be synthesized in laboratory from podocarpic acid. It has been reported to have potential health benefits in attenuating obesity, allergies and different cancers including breast, liver, lung and prostate cancer. It exhibits anticancer properties through inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and survival, and inducing apoptosis, targeting major signalling components including AKT, AMPK, NFkB, COX-2, STAT3, etc. Most of the studies with LA were done using in vitro models, thus warranting future investigations with animal models to evaluate its pharmacological effects such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects as well as to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and toxicological profile. This review describes the chemistry, source, purification and therapeutic potentials of LA and it can therefore be a suitable guideline for any future study with LA.
Prefrontal Responses during Proactive and Reactive Inhibition Are Differentially Impacted by Stress in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Westwater Margaret L. , Mancini Flavia , Gorka Adam X. , Shapleske Jane , Serfontein Jaco , Grillon Christian , Ernst Monique , Ziauddeen Hisham , Fletcher Paul C. 
Published: April 2021

Binge eating is a distressing, transdiagnostic eating disorder symptom associated with impulsivity, particularly in negative mood states. Neuroimaging studies of bulimia nervosa (BN) report reduced activity in frontostriatal regions implicated in self-regulatory control, and an influential theory posits that binge eating results from self-regulation failures under stress. However, there is no direct evidence that psychological stress impairs self-regulation in binge-eating disorders, or that any such self-regulatory deficits generalize to binge eating in underweight individuals (i.e., anorexia nervosa bingeing/purging subtype; AN-BP). We therefore determined the effect of acute stress on inhibitory control in 85 women (BN, 33 women; AN-BP, 22 women; 30 control participants). Participants underwent repeated functional MRI scanning during performance of the Stop-signal anticipation task, a validated measure of proactive (i.e., anticipation of stopping) and reactive (outright stopping) inhibition. Neural and behavioral responses to induced stress and a control task were evaluated on 2 consecutive days. Women with BN had reduced proactive inhibition, while prefrontal responses were increased in both AN-BP and BN. Reactive inhibition was neurally and behaviorally intact in both diagnostic groups. Both AN-BP and BN groups showed distinct stress-induced changes in inferior and superior frontal activity during both proactive and reactive inhibition. However, task performance was unaffected by stress. These results offer novel evidence of reduced proactive inhibition in BN, yet inhibitory control deficits did not generalize to AN-BP. Our findings identify intriguing alterations of stress responses and inhibitory function associated with binge eating, but they counsel against stress-induced failures of inhibitory control as a comprehensive explanation for loss-of-control eating.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBinge eating is a common psychiatric syndrome that feels uncontrollable to the sufferer. Theoretically, it has been related to reduced self-regulation under stress, but there remains no direct evidence for this link in binge-eating disorders. Here, we examined how experimentally induced stress affected response inhibition in control participants and women with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Participants underwent repeated brain scanning under stressful and neutral conditions. Although patient groups had intact action cancellation, the slowing of motor responses was impaired in bulimia nervosa, even when the likelihood of having to stop increased. Stress altered brain responses for both forms of inhibition in both groups, yet performance remained unimpaired. These findings counsel against a simple model of stress-induced disinhibition as an adequate explanation for binge eating.