bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of a discourse context on bilingual cross-language lexical activation
Authors: Schwartz Ana I. , Tarin Karla S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFour hypotheses regarding the impact of discourse context on cross-language lexical activation were tested. Highly-proficient, Spanish–English bilinguals read all-English paragraphs containing non-identical and identical cognates or noncognate controls while their eye-movements were tracked. There were four paragraph conditions based on a full crossing of semantic bias from the topic sentence and sentence containing the critical word. In analyses in which cognate status was treated categorically there was an interaction between global bias and cognates status such that the observed inhibitory effects of cognate status were attenuated in global-neutral contexts. Follow-up analyses on the non-identical cognates in which orthographic overlap was treated continuously revealed a U-shaped function between orthographic overlap and processing time, which was more pronounced in global-neutral contexts. The overall pattern of findings is consistent with a combined operation of resonant-based and feature-restriction mechanisms of context effects.
Does the neighbourhood food environment contribute to ethnic differences in diet quality? Results from the HELIUS study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Authors: Poelman Maartje P , Nicolaou Mary , Dijkstra S Coosje , Mackenbach Joreintje D , Lu Meng , Karssenberg Derek , Snijder Marieke B , Vaartjes Ilonca , Stronks Karien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:The aim of the current study was to establish whether the neighbourhood food environment, characterised by the healthiness of food outlets, the diversity of food outlets and fast-food outlet density within a 500 m or 1000 m street network buffer around the home address, contributed to ethnic differences in diet quality.Design:Cross-sectional cohort study.Setting:Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Participants:Data on adult participants of Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Turkish and Moroccan descent (n total 4728) in the HELIUS study were analysed.Results:The neighbourhood food environment of ethnic minority groups living in Amsterdam is less supportive of a healthy diet and of less diversity than that of participants of Dutch origin. For example, participants of Turkish, Moroccan and South-Asian Surinamese descent reside in a neighbourhood with a significantly higher fast-food outlet density (≤1000 m) than participants of Dutch descent. However, we found no evidence that neighbourhood food environment characteristics directly contributed to ethnic differences in diet quality.Conclusion:Although ethnic minority groups lived in less healthy food environments than participants of ethnic Dutch origin, this did not contribute to ethnic differences in diet quality. Future research should investigate other direct or indirect consequences of residing in less supportive food environments and gain a better understanding of how different ethnic groups make use of their neighbourhood food environment.
Specific fruit but not total fruit intake during early pregnancy is inversely associated with gestational diabetes mellitus risk: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Hong , Dong Hongli , Zhang Yiqi , Lan Xi , Pang Xinxin , Cai Congjie , Bai Dan , Zhang Ju , Li Fei , Zeng Guo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectives:Fruit intake may influence gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. However, prospective evidence remains controversial and limited. The current study aimed to investigate whether total fruit and specific fruit intake influence GDM risk.Design:A prospective cohort study was conducted. Dietary information was collected by a 3-d 24-h dietary recall. All participants underwent a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 gestational weeks. Log-binomial models were used to estimate the association between fruit intake and GDM risk, and the results are presented as relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI.Setting:Southwest China.Participants:Totally, 1453 healthy pregnant women in 2017.Results:Total fruit intake was not associated with lower GDM risk (RR of 1·03 (95 % CI 0·83, 1·27) (Ptrend = 0·789)). The RR of GDM risk was 0·73 for the highest anthocyanin-rich fruit intake quartile compared with the lowest quartile (95 % CI 0·56, 0·93; Ptrend = 0·015). A higher grape intake had a linear inverse association with GDM risk (Q4 v. Q1: RR = 0·65; 95 % CI 0·43, 0·98; Ptrend = 0·044), and after further adjustment for anthocyanin intake, the inverse association tended to be non-linear (Q4 v. Q1: RR = 0·65; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·98; Ptrend = 0·079). However, we did not find an association between glycaemic index-grouped fruit, glycaemic load-grouped fruit or other fruit subtype intake and GDM risk.Conclusions:In conclusion, specific fruit intake (particularly anthocyanin-rich fruit and grapes) but not total fruit intake was inversely associated with GDM risk.
The effect of playing games with toys made with medical materials in children with cancer on pain during intravenous treatment
Authors: Aslan Hakime , Erci Behice 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis research aims to examine the effect of playing games with toys made of medical materials in children with cancer on pain that occurs during intravenous (IV) treatment.MethodsThe randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted between May 2016 and February 2018. The study sample comprised 110 children (experimental group 55; control group 55), determined using power analysis from the study population. The data were collected by the researcher, using face-to-face interview techniques, the Information Form, and Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBS).ResultsThe pre- and post-test pain mean scores of patients in the experimental group were 2.27 ± 0.91 and 0.43 ± 0.66, respectively (p= 0.0001). The pre- and post-test pain mean scores of patients in the control group were 1.72 ± 0.82 and 3.34 ± 0.77, respectively (p= 0.0001).Significance of resultsThe experience of playing with toys made from materials used for invasive procedures relieves pain the during IV treatment.
Reversible dementia due to vitamin B12 deficiency in a lung cancer patient: Relevance of preoperative evaluation
Authors: Ishida Mayumi , Taguchi Ryo , Sakaguchi Hirozo , Itami Kumi , Yoshioka Akira , Sato Izumi , Uchida Nozomu , Onishi Hideki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveCognitive dysfunction has a negative effect on cancer treatment; however, in a cancer setting, specific treatments can restore cognitive function. Such conditions are known as reversible dementia, with one of these being vitamin B12 (VB12) deficiency. However, there have been no reports of VB12 deficiency identified by preoperative evaluation in cancer patients.MethodWe studied a patient who was referred to the Department of Psycho-oncology on suspicion of cognitive decline prior to lung cancer surgery. Preoperative evaluation revealed VB12 deficiency.ResultsThe patient was an 82-year-old woman diagnosed with lung cancer. She also presented with cognitive decline and, therefore, was referred to the Department of Psycho-oncology for preoperative evaluation. The patient scored 19 points on a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which is indicative of cognitive decline. As the onset of symptoms occurred several months previously and they were subacute, the possibility of reversible dementia was considered. Extensive examination revealed VB12 deficiency, and VB12 replacement therapy normalized the MMSE score to 25 points before surgery.Significance of the resultsWhen cognitive decline is observed in cancer patients, it is necessary to actively evaluate the serum levels of some B vitamins, including VB12.
Science Storms the Cloud
Authors: Gentemann C. L. , Holdgraf C. , Abernathey R. , Crichton D. , Colliander J. , Kearns E. J. , Panda Y. , Signell R. P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe core tools of science (data, software, and computers) are undergoing a rapid and historic evolution, changing what questions scientists ask and how they find answers. Earth science data are being transformed into new formats optimized for cloud storage that enable rapid analysis of multi‐petabyte data sets. Data sets are moving from archive centers to vast cloud data storage, adjacent to massive server farms. Open source cloud‐based data science platforms, accessed through a web‐browser window, are enabling advanced, collaborative, interdisciplinary science to be performed wherever scientists can connect to the internet. Specialized software and hardware for machine learning and artificial intelligence are being integrated into data science platforms, making them more accessible to average scientists. Increasing amounts of data and computational power in the cloud are unlocking new approaches for data‐driven discovery. For the first time, it is truly feasible for scientists to bring their analysis to data in the cloud without specialized cloud computing knowledge. This shift in paradigm has the potential to lower the threshold for entry, expand the science community, and increase opportunities for collaboration while promoting scientific innovation, transparency, and reproducibility. Yet, we have all witnessed promising new tools which seem harmless and beneficial at the outset become damaging or limiting. What do we need to consider as this new way of doing science is evolving?
Alignment of High‐Latitude Ionospheric and Thermospheric Lagrangian Coherent Structures
Authors: Wang Ningchao , Dang Tong , Lei Jiuhou , Wang Wenbin , Datta‐Barua Seebany 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe storm‐time ionospheric‐thermospheric (IT) state is of great interest, since the IT dynamics change dramatically as energy is input and dissipated in the upper atmosphere. Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), which are objective ridges in time‐evolving flows that describe the tendency of neighboring fluid elements to separate, provides a unique opportunity to infer the dynamics in the IT system. In this work, we model IT flows with the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model and identify the LCSs. We compare the LCSs in the neutral winds and plasma drifts during quiet times versus during active times. We find that LCSs are largely aligned in the modeled IT flows, with a dawn‐dusk asymmetry in their latitudinal position. During a geomagnetic storm, the thermospheric LCSs (T‐LCSs) and ionospheric LCSs (I‐LCSs) shift equatorward, align more closely with each other, and maintain a dawn‐dusk asymmetry. The collocation of T‐LCSs and I‐LCSs and their analogous response to the geomagnetic storm provide evidence of energy input into the thermosphere and ionosphere simultaneously, and the ion drag is the dominant effect causing LCS alignment during a geomagnetic storm.
Investigation on Two Mw 3.6 and Mw 4.1 Earthquakes Triggered by Poroelastic Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Operations Near Crooked Lake, Alberta
Authors: Hui Gang , Chen Shengnan , Chen Zhangxin , He Yongming , Wang Shuhua , Gu Fei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA coupled approach of fluid flow and geomechanics is proposed in this study to quantitatively understand the hydraulic fracturing‐induced poroelastic effects that activate pre‐existing faults and trigger earthquake swarms near Crooked Lake, Alberta. The 3D poroelastic simulation of the seismogenic fault zone is then conducted to characterize the pressure diffusion and stress perturbation that led to fault activation. Results show that the poroelastic effects on the high‐permeable damage zones of a conductive‐barrier fault triggered the sequential activation of the seismogenic fault in the basement and Winterburn Formation. In addition, the high‐permeable damage zones act as conduits for pore pressure diffusion along the fault, whereas the fault core functions as a barrier to prevent crossing flow. The poroelastic effects in terms of pressure diffusion and stress perturbation in response to fluid injection facilitated the fault slip and hence triggered the Mw 3.6 earthquake in the basement formation 40 days after the fracturing operations. Moreover, the mainshock created negative Coulomb failure stress changes, inhibiting further fault slip in the basement formation. Subsequently, the stimulation of another well facilitated poroelastic effects on the fault damage zone in top Winterburn Formation, reactivating the same fault with an Mw 4.1 earthquake 8 days after the initiation of treatments. It is essential to optimize the injection site selection near the existing faults to reduce risks of the induced earthquakes near Crooked Lake.
Imaging the Deep Crustal Structure of Central Oklahoma Using Stacking and Inversion of Local Earthquake Waveforms
Authors: Ratre Pranshu , Behm Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe southern Granite‐Rhyolite province (SGRP) contains a comprehensive record of lithospheric evolution in North America. During the last decade, increased seismicity along with improved seismic monitoring in Oklahoma provided a rich catalog of local earthquakes. The source‐receiver geometry of this data set is well posed to illuminate the middle and lower crust through long offset recordings of the Pg phase. We present a 3‐D P‐wave velocity model for central and northern Oklahoma developed through a non‐standard processing scheme applied to local earthquake waveforms recorded from 2010 to 2017, focusing on the deeper crust. We employed common mid‐point sorting, stacking, and inversion of Pg phases which resulted in a set of localized velocity‐depth functions up to depths of 40 km. Using this methodology, we significantly increased the S/N ratio for far offset (∼200 km) local earthquake waveforms which led to the increase in depth of investigation in the final 3‐D velocity model. We find high velocity (>7 km/s) lower crust throughout the investigated area which suggests a mafic lower crust. The high velocities support previously established models which state that the lower crust of the SGRP was derived from melting of older crust. We further relate shallow and middle crustal velocity anomalies to other data sets such as gravimetric and magnetic anomalies, and the spatial distribution of earthquakes. We do not find clear evidence for the existence of the Midcontinent Rift in northern Oklahoma.
State Regulatory Heterogeneity and Compliance With the Clean Water and Safe Drinking Water Acts
Authors: Elbakidze Levan , Beeson Quinn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examine the implications of state water quality regulatory heterogeneity for waste and drinking water violations in the continental US using Environmental Protection Agency data from 2007 to 2017. Using discrete regression analyses, we find some evidence that cumulative violations are higher when additional state water quality standards are introduced. However, one year after a new standard is implemented, cumulative violations seem to decline relative to the number of violations before introducing additional regulations. Compliance may improve after introducing new standards as operations and procedures are modified, the use of inputs like disinfectants is adjusted, or technologies are upgraded in response to new standards.
3D Carbonate Digital Rock Reconstruction Using Progressive Growing GAN
Authors: You Nan , Li Yunyue Elita , Cheng Arthur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of digital rock physics relies on the availability of high‐quality 3D digital rock images, which can be directly obtained with X‐ray micro‐Computed Tomography (μCT). However, X‐ray μCT is hampered by its high expenses, small sample size (several millimeters in diameter) and low resolution (in micron scale). Although Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) provides higher resolution on larger rock samples, it only images the 2D rock surface structure. Thus, 3D digital rock reconstruction from 2D cross‐section images becomes promising in saving imaging cost for μCT scan and improving image quality by enabling the incorporation of SEM images in 3D digital rock reconstruction. Here, we propose a machine learning method to reconstruct 3D digital rocks from 2D cross‐section images taken at large constant intervals along the axial direction of the rock sample. The key idea is to train a Progressive Growing Generative Adversarial Network (PG‐GAN) to generate high‐quality gray‐scale cross‐section images, and then reconstruct the 3D digital rock by linearly interpolating the inverted latent vectors corresponding to the sparsely scanned images. We apply our method to reconstructing a large‐size high‐resolution 3D image of an Estaillades carbonate rock sample. We demonstrate that both the reconstructed image and the extracted pore network are visually indistinguishable from the ground truth. Overall, our method achieves nine times speedup of the imaging process, and greater than 4,500 times compression of the image data for the Estaillades carbonate rock sample. The PG‐GAN can enlarge the digital rock repository and enable efficient imaging editing in its linear latent space.
Determining chemical air equivalency using silicone personal monitors
Authors: O’Connell Steven G. , Anderson Kim A. , Epstein Marc I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Silicone personal samplers are increasingly being used to measure chemical exposures, but many of these studies do not attempt to calculate environmental concentrations.

Objective
Using measurements of silicone wristband uptake of organic chemicals from atmospheric exposure, create log Ksa and ke predictive models based on empirical data to help develop air equivalency calculations for both volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds.

Methods
An atmospheric vapor generator and a custom exposure chamber were used to measure the uptake of organic chemicals into silicone wristbands under simulated indoor conditions. Log Ksa models were evaluated using repeated k-fold cross-validation. Air equivalency was compared between best-performing models.

Results
Log Ksa and log ke estimates calculated from uptake data were used to build predictive models from boiling point (BP) and other parameters (all models: R2 = 0.70–0.94). The log Ksa models were combined with published data and refined to create comprehensive and effective predictive models (R2: 0.95–0.97). Final estimates of air equivalency using novel BP models correlated well over an example dataset (Spearman r = 0.984) across 5-orders of magnitude (<0.05 to >5000 ng/L).

Significance
Data from silicone samplers can be translated into air equivalent concentrations that better characterize environmental concentrations associated with personal exposures and allow direct comparisons to regulatory levels.
Insight into the function and evolution of the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway in Actinobacteria
Authors: Jiao Jian-Yu , Fu Li , Hua Zheng-Shuang , Liu Lan , Salam Nimaichand , Liu Peng-Fei , Lv Ai-Ping , Wu Geng , Xian Wen-Dong , Zhu Qiyun , Zhou En-Min , Fang Bao-Zhu , Oren Aharon , Hedlund Brian P , Jiang Hong-Chen , Knight Rob , Cheng Lei , Li Wen-Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Carbon fixation by chemoautotrophic microbes such as homoacetogens had a major impact on the transition from the inorganic to the organic world. Recent reports have shown the presence of genes for key enzymes associated with the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) in the phylum Actinobacteria, which adds to the diversity of potential autotrophs. Here, we compiled 42 actinobacterial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from new and existing metagenomic datasets and propose three novel classes, Ca. Aquicultoria, Ca. Geothermincolia and Ca. Humimicrobiia. Most members of these classes contain genes coding for acetogenesis through the WLP, as well as a variety of hydrogenases (NiFe groups 1a and 3b–3d; FeFe group C; NiFe group 4-related hydrogenases). We show that the three classes acquired the hydrogenases independently, yet the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase complex (CODH/ACS) was apparently present in their last common ancestor and was inherited vertically. Furthermore, the Actinobacteria likely donated genes for CODH/ACS to multiple lineages within Nitrospirae, Deltaproteobacteria (Desulfobacterota), and Thermodesulfobacteria through multiple horizontal gene transfer events. Finally, we show the apparent growth of Ca. Geothermincolia and H2-dependent acetate production in hot spring enrichment cultures with or without the methanogenesis inhibitor 2-bromoethanesulfonate, which is consistent with the proposed homoacetogenic metabolism.
Spatial segregation and cooperation in radially expanding microbial colonies under antibiotic stress
Authors: Sharma Anupama , Wood Kevin B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in microbial communities reflects a combination of processes operating at different scales. In this work, we investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial colonies comprised of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive cells undergoing range expansion under antibiotic stress. Using the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis with plasmid-encoded β-lactamase, we track colony expansion dynamics and visualize spatial patterns in fluorescently labeled populations exposed to antibiotics. We find that the radial expansion rate of mixed communities is approximately constant over a wide range of drug concentrations and initial population compositions. Imaging of the final populations shows that resistance to ampicillin is cooperative, with sensitive cells surviving in the presence of resistant cells at otherwise lethal concentrations. The populations exhibit a diverse range of spatial segregation patterns that depend on drug concentration and initial conditions. Mathematical models indicate that the observed dynamics are consistent with global cooperation, despite the fact that β-lactamase remains cell-associated. Experiments confirm that resistant colonies provide a protective effect to sensitive cells on length scales multiple times the size of a single colony, and populations seeded with (on average) no more than a single resistant cell can produce mixed communities in the presence of the drug. While biophysical models of drug degradation suggest that individual resistant cells offer only short-range protection to neighboring cells, we show that long-range protection may arise from synergistic effects of multiple resistant cells, providing surprisingly large protection zones even at small population fractions.
Ecologically coherent population structure of uncultivated bacterioplankton
Authors: Sjöqvist Conny , Delgado Luis Fernando , Alneberg Johannes , Andersson Anders F 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBacterioplankton are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles and important components of aquatic food webs. While sequencing-based studies have revealed how bacterioplankton communities are structured in time and space, relatively little is known about intraspecies diversity patterns and their ecological relevance. Here, we use the newly developed software POGENOM (POpulation GENomics from Metagenomes) to investigate genomic diversity and differentiation in metagenome-assembled genomes from the Baltic Sea, and investigate their genomic variation using metagenome data spanning a 1700 km transect and covering seasonal variation at one station. The majority of the investigated species, representing several major bacterioplankton clades, displayed population structures correlating significantly with environmental factors such as salinity and temperature. Population differentiation was more pronounced over spatial than temporal scales. We discovered genes that have undergone adaptation to different salinity regimes, potentially responsible for the populations’ existence along with the salinity range. This in turn implies the broad existence of ecotypes that may remain undetected by rRNA gene sequencing. Our findings emphasize the importance of physiological barriers, and highlight the role of adaptive divergence as a structuring mechanism of bacterioplankton species.