bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prescriptive framework for recommending decision attributes of infrastructure disaster recovery problems
Authors: Zamanifar Milad , Hartmann Timo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a framework to systematically evaluate and select attributes of decision models used in disaster risk management. In doing so, we formalized the attribute selection process as a sequential screening-utility problem by formulating a prescriptive decision model. The aim is to assist decision-makers in producing a ranked list of attributes and selecting a set among them. We developed an evaluation process consisting of ten criteria in three sequential stages. We used a combination of three decision rules for the evaluation process, alongside mathematically integrated compensatory and non-compensatory techniques as the aggregation methods. We implemented the framework in the context of disaster resilient transportation network to investigate its performance and outcomes. Results show that the framework acted as an inclusive systematic decision aiding mechanism and promoted creative and collaborative decision-making. Preliminary investigations suggest the successful application of the framework in evaluating and selecting a tenable set of attributes. Further analyses are required to discuss the performance of the produced attributes. The properties of the resulting attributes and feedback of the users suggest the quality of outcomes compared to the retrospective attributes that were selected in an unaided selection process. Research and practice can use the framework to conduct a systematic problem-structuring phase of decision analysis and select an equitable set of decision attributes.
Large-scale afforestation for ecosystem service provisioning: learning from the past to improve the future
Authors: Pérez-Silos Ignacio , Álvarez-Martínez José Manuel , Barquín José 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Context
Afforestation is one of the major drivers of land cover change in the world. In spite of its multiple applications, forest generation has been fostered during the last century to achieve few specific objectives such as timber production or catchment erosion protection. However, new afforestation programs are required to meet multiple objectives such as carbon sequestration, reducing environmental risks and enhance biodiversity conservation to reach sustainability.

Objectives
Assessing the general efficiency of past large-scale afforestation programs on the provision of ecosystem services (ES) and other socio-ecological attributes. We also determined whether this efficiency depended on the type of ecosystem used for comparison.

Methods
We carried out a semi-quantitative meta-analysis from 75 studies analyzing the effects of 128 afforestation actions developed in one of the EU countries with larger areas of afforested land during the twentieth century.

Results
Spanish afforestation policy improved timber provision and carbon sequestration. However, our results show that afforestation programs did not enhance regulating ES when compared to natural land plots, but only when compared to highly degraded areas prior to restoration actions.

Conclusions
Large-scale afforestations have difficulties in assuring the provisioning of regulating ES and the conservation of biodiversity when only productivity criteria are prioritized. Our results suggest the need for an afforestation agenda that embraces more comprehensive landscape management approaches that allow reducing undesired ES trade-offs while getting multiple objectives from different ecosystems.
Genetic polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin system and cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Pierzchlińska Anna , Sławek Jarosław , Mak Monika , Gawrońska-Szklarz Barbara , Białecka Monika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) influences the central nervous system not only through its peripheral impact—the brain possesses its own local RAS. Studies showed altered RAS components in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their association with oxidative stress which may be linked to neurodegeneration and dementia. Moreover, the protective functions of RAS blockade antagonists against cognitive decline and dementia have been suggested. This study aimed to examine whether genetic variability in RAS genes correlates with cognitive decline in PD.

Methods and results
We genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in angiotensinogen (AGT: rs699, rs4762), angiotensin II receptors (AGTR1: rs5186 and AGTR2: rs5194, rs1403543) genes, as well as insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE I/D) gene in 256 PD patients, divided into three groups: without cognitive decline, with mild cognitive impairment and with PD dementia. We did not find any significant differences in the frequencies of the analysed polymorphisms in any of the groups.

Conclusions
Despite no direct correlation between the investigated polymorphisms in RAS genes and cognitive decline in PD, we believe the impact of those genotypes may be indirect, affecting RAS blockade treatment.
Teen Girls’ Experiences Negotiating the Ubiquitous Dick Pic: Sexual Double Standards and the Normalization of Image Based Sexual Harassment
Authors: Ringrose Jessica , Regehr Kaitlyn , Whitehead Sophie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA range of important studies have recently explored adult women’s experiences of receiving unwanted dick pics (Amundsen, 2020). However, to date there has been limited research that has explored teen girls’ experiences of receiving unwanted penis images in depth. To address this gap we draw upon our findings from a qualitative study using focus group interviews and arts based drawing methods to explore social media image sharing practices with 144 young people aged 11–18 in seven secondary schools in England. We argue that being bombarded with unwanted dick pics on social media platforms like Snapchat normalises harassing practices as signs of desirability and popularity for girls, but suggest that being sent unsolicited dick pics from boys at school is more difficult for girls to manage or report than ignoring or blocking random older senders. We also found that due to sexual double standards girls were not able to leverage dick pics for status in the same way boys can use girls’ nudes as social currency, since girls faced the possibility of being shamed for being known recipients of dick pics. Finally we explore how some girls challenge abusive elements of toxic masculinity in the drawing sessions and our conclusion argues that unwanted dick pics should always be understood as forms of image based sexual harassment.
Degrees of riskiness, falsifiability, and truthlikeness
Authors: Vignero Leander , Wenmackers Sylvia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we take a fresh look at three Popperian concepts: riskiness, falsifiability, and truthlikeness (or verisimilitude) of scientific hypotheses or theories. First, we make explicit the dimensions that underlie the notion of riskiness. Secondly, we examine if and how degrees of falsifiability can be defined, and how they are related to various dimensions of the concept of riskiness as well as the experimental context. Thirdly, we consider the relation of riskiness to (expected degrees of) truthlikeness. Throughout, we pay special attention to probabilistic theories and we offer a tentative, quantitative account of verisimilitude for probabilistic theories.
Role of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the prognosis and classification of muscle injuries in professional football players: correlation between imaging and return to sport time
Authors: Ossola Christian , Curti Marco , Calvi Marco , Tack Sofia , Mazzoni Stefano , Genesio Lucio , Venturini Massimo , Genovese Eugenio Annibale 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To study distractive muscle injuries applying US and MRI specific classifications and to find if any correlation exists between the results and the return to sport (RTS) time. The second purpose is to evaluate which classification has the best prognostic value and if the lesions extension correlates with the RTS time.

Methods
A total of 26 male, professional soccer players (age 21.3 ± 5.6), diagnosed with traumatic muscle injury of the lower limbs, received ultrasound and MRI evaluation within 2 days from the trauma. Concordance between US and MRI findings was investigated. The relationships between MRI and US based injury grading scales and RTS time were evaluated. Correlation between injuries’ longitudinal extension and RTS time was also investigated.

Results
The correlation between US and MRI measurements returned a Spearman value of rs = 0.61 (p = .001). Peetrons and Mueller-Wohlfahrt grading scales correlations with RTS time were r = 0.43 (p = .02) and r = 0.83 (p =  < .001). The lesion’s extension correlation with RTS time was r = 0.63 (p < .001). The correlation between the site of the lesion and its location with the RTS time were rs = 0.2 and rs = 0.25.

Conclusions
Both US and MRI can be used as prognostic indicators along with the Peetrons (US) and the Mueller-Wohlfahrt (MRI) classifications. MRI is more precise and generates more reproducible results. The lesion craniocaudal extension must be considered as a prognostic indicator, while the injury location inside the muscle or along its major axis has doubtful significance.
Aortic Valve Calcification Score in Patients with Arterial Hypertension Environmentally Exposed to Tobacco Smoke
Authors: Gać Paweł , Martuszewski Adrian , Paluszkiewicz Patrycja , Poręba Małgorzata , Mazur Grzegorz , Poręba Rafał 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of our study was to determine the relationship between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the value of the aortic valve calcification score (AVCS) in people suffering from arterial hypertension (AH). 107 non-smokers with AH (mean age 67.16 ± 8.48 years) were qualified for the study. The degree of exposure to ETS was assessed using the Second-hand Smoke Exposure Scale (SHSES) questionnaire. Study group was divided depending on ETS exposure: A—no exposure, B—low, C—medium and D—high. AVCS was measured based on the aortic valve plane multiplanar reconstruction from the non-contrast phase of the cardiac computed tomography. The Agatston algorithm was used, in which calcifications were considered changes with a density exceeding 130 HU. The mean AVCS value in the study group of patients was 213.59 ± 304.86. The AVCS was significantly lower in subgroup A than in subgroups C and D. In subgroup A, the lack of aortic valve calcification (AVCS = 0) was observed significantly more frequently than in subgroups C and D. There was a positive correlation between the number of SHSES points and the AVCS value (r = 0.37, p < 0.05). Based on the ROC curve, the SHSES value was determined as the optimal cut-off point for the prediction of AVCS = 0, amounting to 3 points. The accuracy of SHSES < 3 as the predictor of AVCS = 0 was set at 62.18%. Hypertensive patients have an unfavourable relationship between the amount of exposure to ETS, determined on the SHSES scale, and the AVCS value.
Rehabilitation for children and adolescents after cancer: importance and implementation in Austria
Authors: Fischmeister Gustav , Riedl David , Sanio Gabriele , Bogendorfer Thomas , Holzner Bernhard , Rumpold Gerhard , Nickels Alain , Licht Thomas , Sperl Wolfgang 
Published: July 2021

SummaryUntil 2018 only adults had access to rehabilitation in Austria, but since then 5 centers for pediatric rehabilitation with different indications have been established with the goal of improving the health of sick children and young adults. The pediatric rehabilitation center “Leuwaldhof”, which is located south of Salzburg, is the only pediatric oncologic rehabilitation center in Austria. It offers rehabilitation and recovery for pediatric patients who suffered from malignancies, as well as for their families and siblings, but also for acute or chronic disease in metabolism or digestion. Cancer and its treatment significantly decrease the quality of life (QoL) of pediatric patients and their families. Families often have to split up during the months of chemotherapy if there are siblings in the family and very often it is the mother who stays with the sick child in the hospital. To facilitate recovery for the families in these difficult times, interdisciplinary and family-oriented inpatient rehabilitation has recently been implemented in Austria. To evaluate the improvements during the rehabilitation, the QoL of the patients and families has been routinely assessed since the opening of the center. In a specifically designed ‘life app’, patients and families complete the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL; generic score and cancer module) before and after rehabilitation on their own electronic devices. Data of 98 patients and 124 parents between June 2018 and December 2019 show significant improvements in QoL. Our goal is to support the children and their families to help them return to normal life. Our results show rehabilitation helps achieve this important goal.
An apology for conflicts between metaphysics and science in naturalized metaphysics
Authors: Jaksland Rasmus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccording to naturalized metaphysics, metaphysics should be informed by our current best science and not rely on a priori reasoning. Consequently, naturalized metaphysics tends to dismiss metaphysicians’ attempts to quarrel with science. This paper argues that naturalized metaphysics should instead welcome such conflicts between metaphysics and science. Naturalized metaphysics is not (and should not be) eliminative of metaphysics. So, if such conflicts are driven by the immediate absence in science of an answer to a metaphysical question, then the conflict should not be dismissed, but instead be received as an occasion to do (more) naturalized metaphysics. That conflicts between metaphysics and science might be beneficial for naturalized metaphysics is exemplified by the case of non-spatial theories of quantum gravity. These theories are criticized by metaphysicians who, often following David Lewis, argue that spatial distance is an indispensable fundamental element in any coherent metaphysics due to its role as the world-making relation. The resulting conflict, however, is found to be well-motivated since the non-spatial theories of quantum gravity offer no alternative world-making relation to spatial distance. Rather than dismissing this conflict, naturalized metaphysics should therefore receive the Lewisians’ resistance as a call to search for one. How this plays out as a negotiation between the scientific theory and the metaphysical question is exemplified in the last part of the paper where entanglement is proposed as an alternative world-making relation in loop quantum gravity.
Periodic matrix difference equations and companion matrices in blocks: some applications
Authors: Benkhaldoun H. , Ben Taher R. , Rachidi M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study is devoted to some periodic matrix difference equations, through their associated product of companion matrices in blocks. Linear recursive sequences in the algebra of square matrices in blocks and the generalized Cayley–Hamilton theorem are considered for working out some results about the powers of matrices in blocks. Two algorithms for computing the finite product of periodic companion matrices in blocks are built. Illustrative examples and applications are considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Least-looping stepping-stone-based ASM approach for transportation and triangular intuitionistic fuzzy transportation problems
Authors: Das Kedar Nath , Das Rajeev , Acharjya Debi Prasanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTransportation problem (TP) is a popular branch of Linear Programming Problem in the field of Transportation engineering. Over the years, attempts have been made in finding improved approaches to solve the TPs. Recently, in Quddoos et al. (Int J Comput Sci Eng (IJCSE) 4(7): 1271–1274, 2012), an efficient approach, namely ASM, is proposed for solving crisp TPs. However, it is found that ASM fails to provide better optimal solution in some cases. Therefore, a new and efficient ASM appoach is proposed in this paper to enhance the inherent mechanism of the existing ASM method to solve both crisp TPs and Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Transportation Problems (TIFTPs). A least-looping stepping-stone method has been employed as one of the key factors to improve the solution quality, which is an improved version of the existing stepping-stone method (Roy and Hossain in, Operation research Titus Publication, 2015). Unlike stepping stone method, least-looping stepping-stone method only deals with few selected non-basic cells under some prescribed conditions and hence minimizes the computational burden. Therefore, the framework of the proposed method (namely LS-ASM) is a combination of ASM (Quddoos et al. 2012) and least-looping stepping-stone approach. To validate the performance of LS-ASM, a set of six case studies and a real-world problem (those include both crisp TPs and TIFTPs) have been solved. The statistical results obtained by LS-ASM have been well compared with the existing popular modified distribution (MODI) method and the original ASM method, as well. The statistical results confirm the superiority of the LS-ASM over other compared algorithms with a less computationl effort.
Some students plagiarism tricks, and tips for effective check
Authors: Elkhatat Ahmed M. , Elsaid Khaled , Almeer Saeed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the main goals of assignments in the academic environment is to assess the students’ knowledge and mastery of a specific topic, and it is crucial to ensure that the work is original and has been solely made by the students to assess their competence acquisition. Therefore, Text-Matching Software Products (TMSPs) are used by academic institutes to ensure academic integrity and address plagiarism. However, some students find ways to trick TMSPS. In this paper, files with the common tricks students do to beat TMSPS have been created and investigates with nine academic level TMPS to evaluate their effectiveness against these tricks, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each TMSP, and providing instructors with some practical tips on checking plagiarism effectively and spotting any tricks to cheat without getting noticed.
Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rezaei Nazanin , Sharifi Nasibeh , Fathnezhad-Kazemi Azita , Shafiei Elham 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionMale sexual dysfunction is a common problem, and there are many self-report questionnaires for measuring sexual function among men; however, the Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory (BSFI) is a tool that has 5 subscales, which is more complete than others. a validated self-report questionnaire, in the local language with modest expressions is required for men.AimTo determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the BSFI among men.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 males. The sampling process was performed in several stages from health centers. After the accomplishment of the standard process of back-translating the questionnaire from English to Persian, its face, content, and construct validity were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient. To determine the reliability of the instrument, the test-retest method was used with 2 weeks interval and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient method was applied to check the internal homogeneity.Main Outcome MeasuresReliability (internal consistency and test-retest) and validity were assessedResultsAccording to the research findings, confirmatory factor analysis had an acceptable fit. By modifying the measurement model and fitting the final model, the fitting indices were obtained as the following: Chi-square statistic = 21.63, NPAR = 36, P = .001 &gt; 0.05; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.956; comparative fit indices = 0.976; Normed Fit Index = 0.952; and root mean square error of approximation = 0.068. These values indicated that the obtained model had a good fit for the data. Moreover, Cronbach's alpha and intra-cluster correlation coefficients of the whole questionnaire were calculated at 0.893 and 0.893, respectively (confidence interval between 0.811–0.950), showing the internal consistency of the items in the whole questionnaire and domain.ConclusionThe BSFI questionnaire showed a 5-factor structure similar to the original structure and the 11-item Persian version of the questionnaire of male sexual function can be considered a valid and reliable tool to assess the level of male sexual function.
The Sovereignty Cartel
Authors: Barkin J. Samuel 
Published: July 2021

Sovereignty is the subject of many debates in international relations. Is it the source of state authority or a description of it? What is its history? Is it strengthening or weakening? Is it changing, and how? This book addresses these questions, but focuses on one less frequently addressed: what makes state sovereignty possible? The Sovereignty Cartel argues that sovereignty is built on state collusion – states work together to privilege sovereignty in global politics, because they benefit from sovereignty's exclusivity. This book explores this collusive behavior in international law, international political economy, international security, and migration and citizenship. In all these areas, states accord rights to other states, regardless of relative power, relative wealth, or relative position. Sovereignty, as a (changing) set of property rights for which states collude, accounts for this behavior not as anomaly (as other theories would) but instead as fundamental to the sovereign states system.
Symmetry of Narayana Numbers and Rowvacuation of Root Posets
Authors: Defant Colin , Hopkins Sam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
For a Weyl group W of rank r, the W-Catalan number is the number of antichains of the poset of positive roots, and the W-Narayana numbers refine the W-Catalan number by keeping track of the cardinalities of these antichains. The W-Narayana numbers are symmetric – that is, the number of antichains of cardinality k is the same as the number of cardinality

$r-k$

. However, this symmetry is far from obvious. Panyushev posed the problem of defining an involution on root poset antichains that exhibits the symmetry of the W-Narayana numbers.
Rowmotion and rowvacuation are two related operators, defined as compositions of toggles, that give a dihedral action on the set of antichains of any ranked poset. Rowmotion acting on root posets has been the subject of a significant amount of research in the recent past. We prove that for the root posets of classical types, rowvacuation is Panyushev’s desired involution.