bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme relativistic reflection in the active galaxy ESO 033-G002
Authors: Walton D J , Baloković M , Fabian A C , Gallo L C , Koss M , Nardini E , Reynolds C S , Ricci C , Stern D , Alston W N , Dauser T , García J A , Kosec P , Reynolds M T , Harrison F A , Miller J M 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWe present the first high signal-to-noise broad-band X-ray spectrum of the radio-quiet type-2 Seyfert ESO 033-G002, combining data from XMM–Newton and NuSTAR. The nuclear X-ray spectrum is complex, showing evidence for both neutral and ionized absorption, as well as reflection from both the accretion disc and more distant material, but our broad-band coverage allows us to disentangle all of these different components. The total neutral column during this epoch is NH ∼ (5−6) × 1022 $\rm \, cm^{-2}$, consistent with the optical classification of ESO 033-G002 as a type-2 Seyfert but not so large as to prevent us from robustly determining the properties of the innermost accretion flow. The ionized absorption – dominated by lines from Fe xxv and Fe xxvi – reveals a moderately rapid outflow (vout ∼ 5400 $\rm \, km~s^{-1}$) which has a column comparable to the neutral absorption. We find the disc reflection from the innermost regions to be extreme, with a reflection fraction of Rfrac ∼ 5. This requires strong gravitational lightbending and, in turn, both an extremely compact corona (within ∼2 RG of the black hole) and a rapidly rotating black hole (a* &gt; 0.96). Despite this tight size constraint, with a temperature of kTe = 40–70 keV the X-ray corona in ESO 033-G002 appears similar to other active galactic nucle in terms of its placement in the compactness–temperature plane, consistent with sitting close to the limit determined by runaway pair production. Finally, combining X-ray spectroscopy, timing, and updated optical spectroscopy, we also estimate the mass of the black hole to be log[MBH/M⊙] ∼ 7.0–7.5.
A comparison of centring algorithms in the astrometry of Cassini imaging science subsystem images and Anthe’s astrometric reduction
Authors: Zhang Q F , Zhou X M , Tan Y , Lainey V , Cooper N J , Vienne A , Qin W H , Li Z , Peng Q Y 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
In the caviar software package, a standard tool for astrometry of images from the Cassini imaging science subsystem (ISS), Gaussian fitting is used to measure the centre of point-like objects, achieving a typical precision of about 0.2 pixels. In this work, we consider how alternative methods may improve on this. We compare three traditional centroiding methods: two-dimensional Gaussian fitting, median, and modified moment. Results using 56 selected images show that the centroiding precision of the modified moment method is significantly better than the other two methods, with standard deviations for all residuals in sample and line of 0.065 and 0.063 pixels, respectively, representing a factor of over 2 improvement compared to Gaussian fitting. Secondly, a comparison of observations using Cassini ISS images of Anthe is performed. Anthe results show a similar improvement. The modified moment method is then used to reduce all ISS images of Anthe during the period 2008–2017. The observed-minus-calculated residuals relative to the JPL SAT393 ephemeris are calculated. In terms of α × cos(δ) and δ in the Cassini-centred international celestial reference frame, mean values of all residuals are close to 0 km, and their standard deviations are less than 1 km for narrow angle camera images, and about 4 km for wide angle camera images.
ggtreeExtra: Compact Visualization of Richly Annotated Phylogenetic Data
Authors: Xu Shuangbin , Dai Zehan , Guo Pingfan , Fu Xiaocong , Liu Shanshan , Zhou Lang , Tang Wenli , Feng Tingze , Chen Meijun , Zhan Li , Wu Tianzhi , Hu Erqiang , Jiang Yong , Bo Xiaochen , Yu Guangchuang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present the ggtreeExtra package for visualizing heterogeneous data with a phylogenetic tree in a circular or rectangular layout (https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/ggtreeExtra). The package supports more data types and visualization methods than other tools. It supports using the grammar of graphics syntax to present data on a tree with richly annotated layers and allows evolutionary statistics inferred by commonly used software to be integrated and visualized with external data. GgtreeExtra is a universal tool for tree data visualization. It extends the applications of the phylogenetic tree in different disciplines by making more domain-specific data to be available to visualize and interpret in the evolutionary context.
Rooting the Animal Tree of Life
Authors: Li Yuanning , Shen Xing-Xing , Evans Benjamin , Dunn Casey W , Rokas Antonis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIdentifying our most distant animal relatives has emerged as one of the most challenging problems in phylogenetics. This debate has major implications for our understanding of the origin of multicellular animals and of the earliest events in animal evolution, including the origin of the nervous system. Some analyses identify sponges as our most distant animal relatives (Porifera-sister hypothesis), and others identify comb jellies (Ctenophora-sister hypothesis). These analyses vary in many respects, making it difficult to interpret previous tests of these hypotheses. To gain insight into why different studies yield different results, an important next step in the ongoing debate, we systematically test these hypotheses by synthesizing 15 previous phylogenomic studies and performing new standardized analyses under consistent conditions with additional models. We find that Ctenophora-sister is recovered across the full range of examined conditions, and Porifera-sister is recovered in some analyses under narrow conditions when most outgroups are excluded and site-heterogeneous CAT models are used. We additionally find that the number of categories in site-heterogeneous models is sufficient to explain the Porifera-sister results. Furthermore, our cross-validation analyses show CAT models that recover Porifera-sister have hundreds of additional categories and fail to fit significantly better than site-heterogenuous models with far fewer categories. Systematic and standardized testing of diverse phylogenetic models suggests that we should be skeptical of Porifera-sister results both because they are recovered under such narrow conditions and because the models in these conditions fit the data no better than other models that recover Ctenophora-sister.
Epitranscriptomic editing of the RNA N6-methyladenosine modification by dCasRx conjugated methyltransferase and demethylase
Authors: Xia Zhen , Tang Min , Ma Jiayan , Zhang Hongyan , Gimple Ryan C , Prager Briana C , Tang Hongzhen , Sun Chongran , Liu Fuyi , Lin Peng , Mei Yutang , Du Ruoxin , Rich Jeremy N , Xie Qi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common modification on endogenous RNA transcripts in mammalian cells. Technologies to precisely modify the RNA m6A levels at specific transcriptomic loci empower interrogation of biological functions of epitranscriptomic modifications. Here, we developed a bidirectional dCasRx epitranscriptome editing platform composed of a nuclear-localized dCasRx conjugated with either a methyltransferase, METTL3, or a demethylase, ALKBH5, to manipulate methylation events at targeted m6A sites. Leveraging this platform, we specifically and efficiently edited m6A modifications at targeted sites, reflected in gene expression and cell proliferation. We employed the dCasRx epitranscriptomic editor system to elucidate the molecular function of m6A-binding proteins YTHDF paralogs (YTHDF1, YTHDF2 and YTHDF3), revealing that YTHDFs promote m6A-mediated mRNA degradation. Collectively, our dCasRx epitranscriptome perturbation platform permits site-specific m6A editing for delineating of functional roles of individual m6A modifications in the mammalian epitranscriptome.
Persistent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Immunocompromised Host Displaying Treatment Induced Viral Evolution
Authors: Monrad Ida , Sahlertz Signe Risgaard , Nielsen Stine Sofie Frank , Pedersen Louise Ørnskov , Petersen Mikkel Steen , Kobel Carl Mathias , Tarpgaard Irene Harder , Storgaard Merete , Mortensen Klaus Leth , Schleimann Mariane H , Tolstrup Martin , Vibholm Line K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We report a coronavirus disease 2019 case with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) persisting beyond 333 days in an immunocompromised patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, asymptomatically carrying infectious SARS-CoV-2 at day 197 postdiagnosis. In addition, viral sequencing indicates major changes in the spike protein over time, temporally associated with convalescent plasma treatment.
Elevated Mortality Among People Experiencing Homelessness With COVID-19
Authors: Leifheit Kathryn M , Chaisson Lelia H , Medina Jesus A , Wahbi Rafik N , Shover Chelsea L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe reviewed publicly available data from major US health jurisdictions to compare severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 case fatality rates in people experiencing homelessness with the general population. The case fatality rate among people experiencing homelessness was 1.3 times (95% CI, 1.1–1.5) that of the general population, suggesting that people experiencing homelessness should be prioritized for vaccination.
Relating gas dynamics to star formation in the central region of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 613
Authors: Sato Keisuke , Miyamoto Yusuke , Kuno Nario , Salak Dragan , Wagner Alexander Y , Seta Masumichi , Nakai Naomasa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe barred spiral galaxy NGC 613 has a star-forming ring in the center, and near-infrared observations have previously shown that the star formation activity on the eastern and western sides of the ring is asymmetric. We examined the dynamics and physical state of the molecular gas in the ring using high-resolution (∼15 pc) 12CO(1–0), 12CO(3–2), and 13CO(1–0) observations with ALMA. Using a dendrogram, we identified 111 molecular clouds in the bar and ring, and found that the virial parameter (αvir) gradually decreases (αvir &lt; 2) toward the confluence of the northern bar and eastern ring, while the virial parameter is large (αvir &gt; 2) around the corresponding confluence in the western side of the ring. A non-LTE analysis using RADEX showed that the temperature and density of the molecular gas increase downstream of the eastern point of confluence, whereas they change irregularly on the western side. The star formation efficiency is (1.7 ± 0.2) × 10−8 yr−1 in the eastern side of the ring, which is substantially higher than the (0.9 ± 0.3) × 10−8 yr−1 for the western side of the ring. Position–velocity diagrams show that the relative velocity of the gas between the bar and the ring is ∼70 km s−1 in the east, while it reaches ∼170 km s−1 in the west. We suggest that the star formation activity in the central region of NGC 613 depends strongly on the relative velocity of the gas between the bar and the ring.
Do Elections Keep the Compassionate out of the Candidate Pool?
Authors: Clifford Scott , Simas Elizabeth N , Kirkland Justin H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Political candidates must possess not only a desire for a position in government, but also a tolerance for the electoral process typically required to attain it. Recent works suggest that this latter requirement may keep certain types of people out of the potential candidate pool. We contend that individuals high in empathic concern are one such type. While compassion for others may make certain aspects of public service attractive, it should also make some of the more negative features of political campaigns repellant. We find support for this theory among two national samples. Those higher in empathic concern were more likely to express nascent ambition when considering a political position that was appointed rather than elected. This work further illustrates how exploring the interaction of psychological dispositions and political institutions can contribute to our understanding of the behavior of politicians and the quality of representation.
Artificial intelligence applications in psychoradiology
Authors: Li Fei , Sun Huaiqiang , Biswal Bharat B , Sweeney John A , Gong Qiyong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One important challenge in psychiatric research is to translate findings from brain imaging research studies that identified brain alterations in patient groups into an accurate diagnosis at an early stage of illness, prediction of prognosis before treatment, and guidance for selection of effective treatments that target patient-relevant pathophysiological features. This is the primary aim of the field of Psychoradiology. Using databases collected from large samples at multiple centers, sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms may be used to develop clinically useful image analysis pipelines that can help physicians diagnose, predict, and make treatment decisions. In this review, we selectively summarize psychoradiological research using magnetic resonance imaging of the brain to explore the neural mechanism of psychiatric disorders, and outline progress and the path forward for the combination of psychoradiology and AI for complementing clinical examinations in patients with psychiatric disorders, as well as limitations in the application of AI that should be considered in future translational research.
Pion mass dependence of the electromagnetic form factors of singly heavy baryons
Authors: Kim June-Young , Kim Hyun-Chul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the electromagnetic form factors of the lowest-lying singly heavy baryons with spin 1/2 within the framework of the chiral quark–soliton model, focusing on the comparison with recent lattice data. To compare the present results quantitatively with the lattice data, it is essential to treat the pion mass as a variable parameter, i.e., to employ unphysical values of the pion mass, which are used in lattice calculations. While the results with a physical value of the pion mass fall off faster than those from the lattice calculations as the momentum transfer increases, the extrapolated results with larger pion masses get closer to the lattice data. This indicates that the pion mean-field approach describes the structures of both light and singly heavy baryons.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Cardiac Rehabilitation: Does Body Mass Index Matter?
Authors: den Uijl Iris , ter Hoeve Nienke , Sunamura Madoka , Lenzen Mattie J , Braakhuis Hanneke E M , Stam Henk J , Boersma Eric , van den Berg-Emons Rita J G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) class and physical activity and sedentary behavior in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of the OPTICARE trial. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured in participants with ACS (n = 359) using actigraphy at baseline, directly after completion of a multidisciplinary 12-week exercise-based CR program and 9 months thereafter. Outcome measures were step count and duration of time (percentage of wear time) spent in light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Participants were classified as normal weight (BMI = 18.5–24.99 kg/m2; n = 82), overweight (BMI = 25.0–29.99 kg/m2; n = 182), or obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2; n = 95). Linear mixed-effects models were applied to study the relationship between BMI class and physical activity and sedentary behavior.

Results
At the start of CR, compared with participants with normal weight, participants with obesity made on average 1.11 steps fewer per minute (952 steps/d), spent 2.9% (25 min/d) less time in light physical activity, and spent 3.31% (28 min/d) more time in sedentary behavior. Participants of all BMI classes improved their physical activity and sedentary behavior levels similarly during CR, and these improvements were maintained after completion of CR.

Conclusion
Participants with ACS who had obesity started CR with a less favorable physical activity and sedentary behavior profile than that of participants with normal weight. Because all BMI classes showed similar improvement during CR, this deficit was preserved.

Impact
This study indicates that reconsideration of the CR program in the Netherlands for patients with ACS and obesity is warranted, and development of more inclusive interventions for specific populations is needed. A new program for people with obesity should include added counseling on increasing physical activity and preventing sedentary behavior to facilitate weight loss and reduce mortality risk.

Lay Summary
People with ACS who have obesity are less active and sit more than individuals with normal weight, both during and after CR. This study suggests that CR needs to be changed to help individuals increase their physical activity to help them lose weight and reduce their risk of death.
OCCUPATIONAL DOSES TO RADIOGRAPHY INTERNSHIP STUDENTS IN SAUDI ARABIA USING OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE DOSIMETRY
Authors: Alashban Yazeed , Shubayr Nasser , Alohaly Amani , Aloraini Sarah , Alamri Raziqi , Alghamdi Sami A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to estimate a baseline for the effective doses received by radiography internship students in Saudi Arabia. A retrospective study was conducted from 2015 to 2018 to discern the effective dose measurements for a total of 206 students using optically stimulated luminescence dosemeters. Readings were performed using the OSLR-250 Automatic Reader. Data analysis was carried out on 813 readouts. The annual mean effective dose averaged over a period of 4 y was found to be 0.55 mSv, with a standard deviation of 0.34 mSv and a range of 0.14–1.58 mSv. The results show that 92% ($\frac{190}{206}$) of the students received annual effective doses of &lt;1 mSv. No annual dose record exceeded the limits recommended by authorities (20 mSv/y). The study concluded that the applied radiation protection measures along with education and training help create a safe work environment for radiography internship students.
Present and future self in memory: the role of vmPFC in the self-reference effect
Authors: Stendardi Debora , Biscotto Francesca , Bertossi Elena , Ciaramelli Elisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Self-related information is remembered better than other-related information (self-reference effect; SRE), a phenomenon that has been convincingly linked to the medial prefrontal cortex. It is not clear whether information related to our future self would also have a privileged status in memory, as medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regions respond less to the future than to the present self, as if it were an ‘other’. Here we ask whether the integrity of the ventral mPFC (vmPFC) is necessary for the emergence of the present and future SRE, if any. vmPFC patients and brain-damaged and healthy controls judged whether each of a series of trait adjectives was descriptive of their present self, future self, another person and that person in the future and later recognized studied traits among distractors. Information relevant to the present (vs future) was generally recognized better, across groups. However, whereas healthy and brain-damaged controls exhibited strong present and future SREs, these were absent in vmPFC patients, who concomitantly showed reduced certainty about their own present and anticipated traits compared to the control groups. These findings indicate that vmPFC is necessary to impart a special mnemonic status to self-related information, including our envisioned future self, possibly by instantiating the self-schema.
Under construction: Trusts, trust-like structures, foundations and beneficial owners registries in the European Union—The Czech perspective
Authors: Ronovská Kateřina , Pihera Vlastimil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Searching for a comprehensive EU policy on preventing money laundering, terrorist financing and abuse of the international financial system will be a hot topic in the EU for the next couple of years. Directive (EU) 2018/843, known as the 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive, follows the trend set by the 4th AML Directive in 2015 and inter alia introduces new requirements concerning the extent to which trust structures must be registered in the beneficial ownership registries across the EU as well as the public accessibility of the information held in such registries. This article addresses the main problematic issues that have appeared in recent professional discussions in the Czech Republic in connection with the new UBO Registry Act, in effect from 1 June 2021.
Parasite species variation and impact of spatial displacement of the population on cutaneous leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Salgueiro Mariza M , Pimentel Maria Inês F , Miranda Luciana F C , Cunha e Silva Rafael R , Oliveira Liliane F A , Lyra Marcelo R , Saheki Mauricio N , Valete-Rosalino Claudia M , Martins Ana Cristina C , Schubach Armando O , Marzochi Mauro C A , Bedoya-Pacheco Sandro J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis results from complex interactions between human beings, vectors and the environment. Parasitic species differ in epidemiological and geographical contexts.

Methods
We studied a retrospective cohort of 696 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis treated at a reference centre in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2000 and 2015. We analysed displacements due to work, leisure and migrations with identification of Leishmania species.

Results
The geographic distribution of autochthonous cases showed that &gt;95% of infections occurred in urban areas. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, most cases were concentrated in the cities surrounding forest parks and nature conservation areas. The same applies to the city of Rio de Janeiro, where these infections occurred in the neighbourhoods surrounding some mountain and forest areas. The non-displacement group included 575 (82.6%) patients and the displacement group included 121 (17.4%) patients. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis predominated in both groups. Other species were found in the displacement group.

Conclusions
The disordered urbanization of the state of Rio de Janeiro in recent decades has created conditions for the emergence of urban foci of transmission close to forest areas. Changes in the environment, movement of infected individuals and adaptation of sandflies may have contributed to this.