bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Top-k Competitive Location Selection over Moving Objects
Authors: Liu Ping , Wang Meng , Cui Jiangtao , Li Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe location selection (LS) problem identifies an optimal site to place a new facility such that its influence on given objects can be maximized. With the proliferation of GPS-enabled mobile devices, LS studies have made progress for moving objects. However, the state-of-the-art LS techniques over moving objects assume the new facility has no competitor, which is too restrictive and unrealistic for real-world business. In this paper we study Competitive Location Selection over Moving objects (CLS-M), which takes into account competition against existing facilities in mobile scenarios. We present a competition-based influence score model to evaluate the influence of a candidate. To solve the problem, we propose an influence pruning algorithm to prune objects who are either influenced by inferior candidates or affected by no candidate. Experimental study over two real-world datasets demonstrates that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art LS techniques in terms of efficiency.
Religion und ihre Einbettung in Verfassungen als Kontext
Authors: Schnabel Annette , Hönes Lisa 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungSoziologisch lassen sich Verfassungstexte als wichtiges Moment der Konstruktion kollektiver Identitäten und idealer Mitgliedschaften staatlicher Gemeinschaften verstehen. Auf der Basis einer quantitativen, explorativen Dokumentenanalyse von Verfassungstexten aus 186 Ländern wird untersucht, welche religionsbezogenen Identifikationsangebote Verfassungen machen. Dies wird anhand von drei Themenfeldern expliziert: (i) Präambeln leiten den Verfassungstext ein, hier findet sich die Bestimmung des „wir“ der verfassungsgebenden Gemeinschaft, indem sie den „Geist“, in dem die Verfassung verfasst ist, entfalten; (ii) Die Untersuchung der Verankerung von Religions- und Gewissensfreiheit sowie ihrer Einschränkungen in den Verfassungstexten gibt Auskunft über den Stellenwert, den Religion und Religiosität für die Verfasstheit der good citizens hat. Hieran wird auch sichtbar, welches Verhältnis staatlich verfasste Sozialitäten zur individuellen Religionsfreiheit haben. (iii) Staatliche Biopolitiken wiederum umfassen neben anderen policies auch die verfassungsmäßige Verankerung der gouvernementalen Verantwortung für die (Aus‑)Bildung der future citizens. Diese umfasst Art und Umfang der Schulpflicht ebenso wie die Verankerung religions-bezogener Curricula. Mit ihren Identitätsangeboten konfigurieren Verfassungen den good citizen und schaffen damit eine soziale Ordnung, indem Bürger*innen als Subjekte mit Rechten und Pflichten angerufen werden. Im globalen Vergleich bleibt Religion dabei wichtiges Element – sei es als Adresse der staatlichen Schutzverpflichtung individueller Freiheiten, als Moment der Bedrohung der Freiheit anderer und der staatlichen Ordnung oder als konfessionell bestimmter Bestandteil der staatlichen Gemeinschaft.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is absent from a European community-based aging cohort while cortical aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) is highly prevalent
Authors: Forrest SL , Kril JJ , Wagner S , Hönigschnabl S , Reiner A , Fischer P , Kovacs GG 
Published: May 2021

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) are characterised by tau-immunopositive neuronal and/or astrocytic inclusions, with overlapping cortical involvement and astrocytic inclusion morphology. This study determined the prevalence of CTE and cortical ARTAG in a European community-based population (n=310) and explored overlap of both pathological entities. Frontal, parietal and temporal cortices were assessed. No case fulfilling CTE criteria was found. However, isolated astroglial or neuronal tau pathologies were recognized in sulcal depths (<2%). One case without history of traumatic brain injury showed combined tau-immunoreactive features confined to frontal sulci without perivascular accumulation. Another 24 cases had single tau pathologies in cortical sulci. ARTAG was identified in 117 cases (38%), with a similar regional prevalence. Grey matter ARTAG was the most common followed by subpial, white matter and perivascular. The presence of any type of ARTAG was associated with having another type of ARTAG in the same region (P<0.05). In summary, cortical ARTAG in this population is common and contrasts the high prevalence of CTE in individuals with repeated mild traumatic brain injury.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:Classify tau-immunopositive astrocytic inclusions characteristic of ARTAG1.Describe neuropathological components of CTE2.Identify CTE and cortical ARTAG in a case series
The Amygdala in Neurodegeneration
Authors: Joseph JT 
Published: May 2021

The amygdala is a key anatomic structure that has multiple different nuclei and is involved in several critical aspects of cognition and systemic functions. Several different neurodegenerative diseases have major pathological effects on distinct amygdala nuclei. This presentation will describe the classic and characteristic anatomic distributions in the amygdala of “pure” Alzheimer disease and “pure” Lewy body disease, as well as “normal aging”. In addition, data will be presented on how these classic distributions are altered in either “mixed dementias” or in some atypical forms of neurodegeneration. Amygdala pathology will also be illustrated in several other neurodegenerative diseases. The implications of the differing anatomic distributions in different neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:Recognize key anatomic divisions of the amygdala
1.Describe how different neurodegenerative diseases affect the amygdala2.Consider how anatomic specificity of protein aggregation is important in the classification of neurodegenerative diseases
Evaluating clinical outcomes of routinely delivered task-shared care for depression in rural Haiti
Authors: Rose Alexandra L. , McBain Ryan , Wilson Jesse , Coleman Sarah F. , Mathieu Emmanuel , Fils-Aimé J. Reginald , Affricot Emmeline , Thérosmé Tatiana , Dubuisson Wilder , Eustache Eddy , Smith Stephanie L. , Raviola Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
There is a growing literature in support of the effectiveness of task-shared mental health interventions in resource-limited settings globally. However, despite evidence that effect sizes are greater in research studies than actual care, the literature is sparse on the impact of such interventions as delivered in routine care. In this paper, we examine the clinical outcomes of routine depression care in a task-shared mental health system established in rural Haiti by the international health care organization Partners In Health, in collaboration with the Haitian Ministry of Health, following the 2010 earthquake.

Methods
For patients seeking depression care betw|een January 2016 and December 2019, we conducted mixed-effects longitudinal regression to quantify the effect of depression visit dose on symptoms, incorporating interaction effects to examine the relationship between baseline severity and dose.

Results
306 patients attended 2052 visits. Each visit was associated with an average reduction of 1.11 in depression score (range 0–39), controlling for sex, age, and days in treatment (95% CI −1.478 to −0.91; p < 0.001). Patients with more severe symptoms experienced greater improvement as a function of visits (p = 0.04). Psychotherapy was provided less frequently and medication more often than expected for patients with moderate symptoms.

Conclusions
Our findings support the potential positive impact of scaling up routine mental health services in low- and middle-income countries, despite greater than expected variability in service provision, as well as the importance of understanding potential barriers and facilitators to care as they occur in resource-limited settings.
A 3.5-kW near-single-mode oscillating–amplifying integrated fiber laser
Authors: Zeng Lingfa , Wang Xiaolin , Yang Baolai , Zhang Hanwei , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The fiber laser based on an oscillating-amplifying integrated structure has the potential to benefit from the advantages of a fiber laser oscillator and amplifier with the characteristics of strong anti-back-reflected light ability and high efficiency. Here, we achieved a 3.5-kW near-single-mode (M2 ∼ 1.24) oscillating–amplifying integrated fiber laser with an active fiber length of 8 m in the oscillating section and 17.6 m in the amplifying section. While operating at the maximum power, the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 87.0%, and the intensity of stimulated Raman scattering is about 23.61 dB lower than that of the signal light. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the highest output power of an oscillating–amplifying integrated fiber laser, accompanied with the best beam quality and the highest efficiency.
A descriptive pilot survey of behavioural addictions in an adolescent secondary school population in Ireland
Authors: Columb David , Keegan Eoghan , Griffiths Mark D. , O’Gara Colin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectives:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of possible internet addiction, gaming addiction, gambling addiction and associated mental health difficulties in a secondary school population in Ireland.Methods:An online survey containing questions related to internet addiction, gaming addiction, gambling addiction and associated mental health difficulties was administered to secondary school adolescents in Ireland. Participants were self-selecting and answered questions on the characteristics of each topic and screening questionnaires for addiction to each behaviour, as well as their respective effects on mental health.Results:A total of 234 children participated in the survey (156 males; aged 12–18 years; average age of 14.2 years; S.D. 1.60). Internet addiction as assessed using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale was present for between 11.5% and 22.6% and levels of gaming addiction as assessed using by the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short Form was present for between 0.5% and 1.6%. Weak positive correlations were found between time spent on the internet and time spent gaming with internet addiction and gaming addiction, respectively. There were weak positive correlations between higher internet addiction scores, higher gaming addiction scores, and increased depression and anxiety scores. Using the South Oaks Gambling Screen–Revised for Adolescents, two participants were classed as ‘at-risk’ for gambling addiction and one participant was classed as a problem gambler.Conclusions:The present study examined behavioural addictions and their effects on mental health on a self-selecting sample of schoolchildren at two schools in Ireland. A low number were identified as being at risk or problem gamblers.
SMOOTH FANO 4-FOLDS IN GORENSTEIN FORMATS
Authors: QURESHI MUHAMMAD IMRAN 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe construct some new deformation families of four-dimensional Fano manifolds of index one in some known classes of Gorenstein formats. These families have explicit descriptions in terms of equations, defining their image under the anticanonical embedding in some weighted projective space. They also have relatively smaller anticanonical degree than most other known families of smooth Fano 4-folds.
Petrogenesis and tectonic significance of the middle Neoproterozoic highly fractionated A-type granite in the South Qinling block
Authors: Qiu Xiao-Fei , Xu Qiong , Jiang Tuo , Lu Shan-Song , Zhao Long 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe South Qinling block, a segment of the Yangtze craton involved in the Qinling–Dabie orogen, is critical for understanding the tectonic evolution of eastern China. However, the tectonic setting of the South Qinling block and the northern margin of the Yangtze block during middle Neoproterozoic time has long been the subject of debate, with two distinctly different models (continental rift or volcanic arc) proposed. Here, a comprehensive study of zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry has been carried out on the Chengwan granitic pluton from the Suizao terrane in the South Qinling block. The granites are monzogranite and syenogranite in lithology, and are mainly composed of potash feldspar, quartz, plagioclase and biotite. This suite has long been regarded as a Palaeozoic magmatic pluton, but zircon U–Pb ages of 809 ± 9 Ma and 816 ± 4 Ma are obtained in this study. The granites are metaluminous to strongly peraluminous with high alkali contents, and exhibit highly fractionated features, including high SiO2, low Zr/Hf ratios, rare earth element tetrad effects and enrichment of K and Rb. They show Hf–Nd isotopic decoupling, which may be genetically related to their petrogenetic process. Based on the geochemical features and the positive εHf(t) values of the zircons, it is indicated that the granites may have been derived from partial melting of juvenile tonalitic rocks by biotite breakdown under fluid-absent conditions. The Chengwan granite geochemically belongs to the A2-subtype granites, suggesting that it might have formed in a post-orogenic tectonic setting. The highly fractionated A-type granite in this study may represent extensional collapse shortly after the collisional events in the South Qinling block, and thus indicate a tectonic regime switch, from compression to extension, as early as middle Neoproterozoic time. Integrating our new data with documented magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary events during middle Neoproterozoic time in the region may support a continental rift model, and argues against arc models.
The economic corridors paradigm as extractivism: Four theses for a historical materialist framework
Authors: Thame Charlie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEconomic corridors are under construction across the planet. Trillions of dollars are being spent and they will have significant implications for international politics and, ultimately, world order. However, there has been limited conceptual work on them to date, especially in International Relations. This article contributes to that gap by explaining the dominant rationale before offering a conceptualisation of economic corridors as an essentially extractivist paradigm. This counter-hegemonic proposition revolves around four relational theses: (1) economic corridors are a ‘fix’ for crises of capitalism; (2) economic corridors exacerbate class struggle; (3) economic corridors are tools for exploitation; (4) economic corridors facilitate financial extraction. In so doing it unmasks the dominant rationale as ideological cover for valorisation and accumulation based on extractive and exploitative relations with human and extra-human nature. Rather than contributing to inclusive and sustainable development as proponents claim, the article contends economic corridors reinforce power asymmetries between states, countries, and classes, thereby extending and entrenching processes of uneven and combined development. The argument is substantiated with empirical reference to mainland Southeast Asia but aims to advance understanding of extractive dynamics integral to the concept of economic corridors and hence operative worldwide.
Water‐Mass Properties and Circulation in the Deep and Abyssal Philippine Sea
Authors: Tian Zichen , Zhou Chun , Xiao Xin , Wang Tinghao , Qu Tangdong , Yang Qingxuan , Zhao Wei , Tian Jiwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWater‐mass properties and circulation in the deep and abyssal Philippine Sea are investigated using repeatedly occupied full‐depth hydrographic data. The abyssal water‐mass, the Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW), is captured. After crossing the Yap Mariana Junction, the LCDW spreads to the Parece Vela Basin, the southern part of the Shikoku Basin, the Minami‐Daito Basin, and the northern Philippine Basin, with its upper interface sinking from ∼4,000 m to ∼5,000 m. Blocked by the Central Basin Fault, the LCDW cannot penetrate further southward into the southern Philippine Basin. An abyssal current across the Kyushu‐Palau Ridge connecting the eastern and western parts of the Philippine Sea is identified at 22.5°N–29.5°N, which is suggested to be the main branch transporting LCDW from the Yap Mariana Junction westward into the northern Philippine Basin. Synoptic analysis of hydrographic observations suggests the existence of a cyclonic circulation in the abyssal Philippine Sea. During 1990–2020, a warming trend of 0.33 ± 0.19 × 10−3°C yr−1 is identified at depths below 2,000 m, while a SiO2 maximum core at 30°N implies a possible cooling of the Mixed Deep Water (more influenced by North Pacific Deep Water) in the Philippine Sea. Under 4,000 m, freshening together with warming south of 20°N indicate contraction of LCDW after entering the Yap Mariana Junction.
Data‐Driven Forecasting of Low‐Latitude Ionospheric Total Electron Content Using the Random Forest and LSTM Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Zewdie Gebreab K. , Valladares Cesar , Cohen Morris B. , Lary David J. , Ramani Dhanya , Tsidu Gizaw M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this research, we present data‐driven forecasting of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) using the Long‐Short Term Memory (LSTM) deep recurrent neural network method. The random forest machine learning method was used to perform a regression analysis and estimate the variable importance of the input parameters. The input data are obtained from satellite and ground based measurements characterizing the solar‐terrestrial environment. We estimate the relative importance of 34 different parameters, including the solar flux, solar wind density, and speed the three components of interplanetary magnetic field, Lyman‐alpha, the Kp, Dst, and Polar Cap (PC) indices. The TEC measurements are taken with 15‐s cadence from an equatorial GPS station located at Bogota, Columbia (4.7110° N, 74.0721° W). The 2008–2017 data set, including the top five parameters estimated using the random forest, is used for training the machine learning models, and the 2018 data set is used for independent testing of the LSTM forecasting. The LSTM method as applied to forecast the TEC up to 5 h ahead, with 30‐min cadence. The results indicate that very good forecasts with low root mean square (RMS) error (high correlation) can be made in the near future and the RMS errors increase as we forecast further into the future. The data sources are satellite and ground based measurements characterizing the solar‐terrestrial environment.
Geodetic Observation and Modeling of the Coseismic and Postseismic Deformations Associated With the 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Earthquake
Authors: Li Shuiping , Tao Tingye , Chen Yunguo , He Ping , Gao Fei , Qu Xiaochuan , Zhu Yongchao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo earthquake occurred in the northeastern Mina deflection of the central Walker Lane Belt (WLB) in Nevada, USA. The Mina deflection represents a typical stepover zone that transfers the dextral slip in the northern Eastern California Shear Zone onto the dextral faults in the central WLB. The Monte Cristo earthquake provides a rare opportunity to investigate the strain accumulation and stress transition mechanisms in the WLB. In this study, ascending and descending Sentinel‐1 images were utilized to generate coseismic and early postseismic deformations associated with this earthquake. Combined with global positioning system measurements, these images were inverted for the coseismic slip and afterslip of the Monte Cristo earthquake. The preferred coseismic slip model suggests that the causative fault is characterized by two fault segments with southward dips of 64° and 79°. The coseismic rupture was dominated by sinistral slip with obvious normal slip components in the western segment of the source fault. The coseismic slip was mainly concentrated in the 3–12 km depth range and decreased at shallower depths, suggesting a moderate amount of shallow coseismic slip deficit. Rapid afterslip was mainly confined to the 0–3 km depth range, largely compensating for the shallow slip deficit caused by the mainshock. The widely distributed normal slips in the northeastern Mina deflection revealed by the Monte Cristo earthquake suggest the transtensional model is more applicable due to its ability to account for the slip transition kinematics in the Mina deflection.
The Estimation of D‐Region Electron Densities From Trans‐Ionospheric Very Low Frequency Signals
Authors: Worthington E. R. , Cohen M. B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDue to the relatively low ionization levels present in the D‐region of the ionosphere (60–90 km), few reliable methods exist for estimating electron densities at this altitude. Very Low Frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) radio waves, unlike higher frequency waves used for similar remote sensing applications, are sensitive to these low ionization levels. Much past work has addressed the estimation of D‐region electron densities using ground‐based measurements of signals originating from VLF transmitters or atmospheric lightning. We introduce a new technique for the estimation of ionospheric D‐region electron densities using satellite observations of trans‐ionospheric VLF signals originating from high‐powered VLF transmitters. Although most of the energy radiated from these transmitters is confined to sub‐ionospheric propagation modes, a small fraction penetrates the ionosphere in a right‐hand circularly polarized “whistler mode” which has been observed by many satellites. We show that the modal interference pattern previously observed enables the estimation of the electron density profile in the D‐region from a single satellite pass. Using data from the DEMETER experiment, each collection is compared with results from a validated theoretical model to select a best‐fit D‐region electron density profile. Results show expected seasonal variations and are consistent with rocket observations. Although the D‐region electron density estimates derived with this technique are shown to exhibit long‐term seasonal variations consistent with rocket and ground‐based observations, it is important to note that validation of these results remains difficult due to the lack of other techniques for continuously sensing the D‐region.
Temporal Evolution of Three‐Dimensional Structures of Metal Ion Layer Around Japan Simulated by a Midlatitude Ionospheric Model
Authors: Andoh Satoshi , Saito Akinori , Shinagawa Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA regional numerical ionospheric model with neutral winds, corresponding to the Ground‐to‐topside model of Atmosphere and Ionosphere for Aeronomy model, was used to investigate the temporal evolution of 3‐D structures of metal ion layers (MILs) around Japan. The MILs that appear specifically in the ionospheric E region, called “sporadic E,” display complicated multi‐layer structures and intense density variations. Although the wind shear theory elucidates the basic formation mechanism of MILs, it does not fully explain the physical mechanism of 3‐D MIL structures, especially their sporadic behavior. Herein, we present two simulation cases in which the effect of the monthly mean and day‐to‐day variations of wind on the MILs around Japan was investigated. The temporal evolutions of the complicated MIL structures were classified into the following four phases: (1) Above 110 km, MILs are generally constrained vertically and horizontally at the zonal‐wind shear null. (2) Below 110 km, MILs lag behind the zonal‐wind shear null, and the 3‐D MIL structures are affected not only by the wind shears but also by the magnitude and direction of the horizontal winds. (3) When stagnating metal ions exist below a descending MIL, some metal ions ascend and merge with the descending MIL, thereby increasing its density. (4) MILs stagnate at around 100 km or descend to <100 km depending on the strength of the vertical winds. Our results reveal that Phases (2–4) are crucial for the formation of complicated MIL structures.