bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Citrus sinensis peels and evaluation of their antibacterial efficacy
Authors: Mogole Lebogang , Omwoyo Wesley , Viljoen Elvera , Moloto Makwena 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The resistance of microorganisms towards antibiotics remains a big challenge in medicine. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) received attention recently for their characteristic nanosized features and their ability to display antimicrobial activities. This work reports the synthesis of AgNPs using the Citrus sinensis peels extract in their aqueous, mild, and less hazardous conditions. The effect of concentration variation (1%, 2%, and 3%) of the plant extracts on the size and shape of the AgNPs was investigated. The antimicrobial activities were tested against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae. Absorption spectra confirmed the synthesis by the surface Plasmon resonance peaks in the range 400–450 nm for all the AgNPs. FTIR spectra confirmed that Citrus sinensis peels extract acted as both reducing and surface passivating agent for the synthesized AgNPs. TEM revealed spherical AgNPs with average size of 12 nm for 3% concentration as compared to the agglomeration at 1% and 2%. All the AgNPs synthesized using Citrus sinensis peels extracts (1%, 2%, and 3%) exhibited antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. These results indicated a simple, fast, and inexpensive synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the Citrus sinensis peels extract that has promising antibacterial activity.
A ceRNA network mediated by LINC00475 in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yarong , Hua Wenjuan , Zeng Mei , Yu Liling , Zhang Baijun , Wen Liming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent histological type of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely reported to play a key role in human malignancies, and PTC is included. This study aimed to find out the functions and mechanism of lncRNA LINC00475 in PTC. LINC00475 was upregulated in PTC cells and was mainly located in the cytoplasm according to reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses and subcellular fractionation assays. As shown by cell counting kit-8 assays, ethynyl deoxyuridine incorporation assays, wound healing assays, and transwell assays, LINC00475 knockdown suppressed cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, LINC00475 upregulated the expression of messenger RNA zinc finger CCHC-type containing 12 (ZCCHC12) by binding to miR-376c-3p. ZCCHC12 was a direct target gene of miR-376c-3p in PTC cells. The relationship between miR-376c-3p and LINC00475 (or ZCCHC12) in PTC cells was probed by luciferase reporter assays, RNA pulldown assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. In addition, both mRNA and protein levels of ZCCHC12 were downregulated due to miR-376c-3p overexpression or LINC00475 silencing. ZCCHC12 overexpression partially reversed the suppressive effect of LINC00475 knockdown on malignant behaviors of PTC cells. In conclusion, LINC00475 promotes PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by upregulating ZCCHC12 via the interaction with miR-376c-3p.
Differences in complications between hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and alcohol-related cirrhosis
Authors: Zhuang Yu-Pei , Wang Si-Qi , Pan Zhao-Yu , Zhong Hao-Jie , He Xing-Xiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the differences in complications between hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related and alcohol-related cirrhoses.

Methods
Medical records of patients with HBV-related and alcohol-related cirrhoses treated from January 2014 to January 2021 were, retrospectively, reviewed. The unadjusted rate and adjusted risk of cirrhotic complications between the two groups were assessed.

Results
The rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hypersplenism were higher in HBV-related cirrhosis (both P < 0.05), whereas the rates of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) were higher in alcohol-related cirrhosis (both P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, HBV-related cirrhotic patients had higher risks of HCC (odds ratio [OR] = 34.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.61–251.77, P = 0.001) and hypersplenism (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.18–4.42, P = 0.014), whereas alcohol-related cirrhotic patients had higher risks of HE (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06–0.73, P = 0.013) and ACLF (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14–0.73, P = 0.020).

Conclusion
Cirrhotic patients with different etiologies had different types of complications: HBV-related cirrhotic patients exhibited increased risks of HCC and hypersplenism and alcohol-related cirrhotic patients more readily developing HE and ACLF.
Choreographies of Making Archaeological Data
Authors: Huvila Isto , Sköld Olle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA lot of different concepts have been utilised to elucidate diverse aspects of archaeological practices and knowledge production. This article describes how the notion of choreography can complement the existing repertoire of concepts and be used to render visible the otherwise difficult to grasp physical and mental movements that make up archaeological work as a practical and scholarly exercise. The conceptual discussion in the article uses vignettes drawn from an observation study of an archaeological teaching excavation in Scandinavia to illustrate how the concepts of choreography, choreographing, and choreographer can be used to inquire into archaeological work and data production. In addition to how explicating physical, temporal, and ontological choreographies of archaeological work can help to understand how it unfolds, the present article suggests that a better understanding of theepistemic choreographiesof archaeological, scientific, and scholarly work can help to unpack and describe its inputs and outputs, the data it produces, what the work achieves, and how it is made in space and time.
“Teach Your Daughters to Wail and One Another to Lament”: Jewish Prayers and Liturgical Texts for Female Victims of Sexual Assault
Authors: Ben-Lulu Elazar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Throughout generations, various prayers have been composed to express religious and cultural experiences of the Jewish community, such as holidays life-cycle and national tragedies. However, some social issues, such as sexual assault, have been excluded from this canon. This article uncovers Jewish prayers and liturgical texts dedicated to female victims of sexual assault. Drawing on a qualitative inquiry based on content analysis and interviews with the prayers’ authors, I demonstrate how these texts (re)position sexual assault victims in Jewish liturgy by including new phrasings and references to God; by removing masculine violence related to God; by mentioning biblical female characters who experienced sexual harassment; by denouncing of patriarchal abuse; or by sanctifying the woman’s painful body, which is incorporated as an important agent in the ritual’s structure. Therefore, I suggest considering these texts a political mean to voice women’s traumas and to incorporate them into the religious sphere, thereby rectifying a long-silenced discourse.
New trigonometric B-spline approximation for numerical investigation of the regularized long-wave equation
Authors: Msmali Ahmed Hussein , Tamsir Mohammad , Dhiman Neeraj , Aiyashi Mohammed A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objective of this work is to propose a collocation technique based on new cubic trigonometric B-spline (NCTB-spline) functions to approximate the regularized long-wave (RLW) equation. This equation is used for modelling numerous problems occurring in applied sciences. The NCTB-spline collocation method is used to integrate the spatial derivatives. We use the Rubin–Graves linearization technique to linearize the non-linear term. The accuracy and efficiency of the technique are examined by employing it on three important numerical examples which have three invariants of motion viz. mass, momentum, and energy. It is observed that the error norms of the present method are less than the error norms of the methods available in the literature. The numerical values of these invariants have also been approximated, which remain conserved during the program run which shows that the propagation of the solitary wave is represented perfectly. The propagation of one and two solitary waves and undulations of waves are depicted graphically. The stability analysis shows that the method is unconditionally stable.
Trafile dotte e popolari del latino nella lessicografia storica romanza (con particolare riguardo alLessico Etimologico Italiano)
Authors: Crifò Francesco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the main challenges of Romance etymology is the detection of borrowings from Latin into the Romance languages: a significant number of lexemes have been introduced by the educated classes and in Italoromance especially it is not always possible to distinguish these cases from those of “popular” transmission. Phonomorphological, semantic, diachronic, geo-linguistic, lexicological and other arguments can be implemented from time to time. They are applied here to the most recently published section of theLessico Etimologico Italiano.
Synergistic cortisol suppression by ketoconazole–osilodrostat combination therapy
Authors: Amodru Vincent , Brue Thierry , Castinetti Frederic 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Here, we describe a case of a patient presenting with adrenocorticotrophic hormone-independent Cushing’s syndrome in a context of primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia. While initial levels of cortisol were not very high, we could not manage to control hypercortisolism with ketoconazole monotherapy, and could not increase the dose due to side effects. The same result was observed with another steroidogenesis inhibitor, osilodrostat. The patient was finally successfully treated with a well-tolerated synergitic combination of ketoconazole and osilodrostat. We believe this case provides timely and original insights to physicians, who should be aware that this strategy could be considered for any patients with uncontrolled hypercortisolism and delayed or unsuccessful surgery, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Learning points

Ketoconazole–osilodrostat combination therapy appears to be a safe, efficient and well-tolerated strategy to supress cortisol levels in Cushing syndrome.

Ketoconazole and osilodrostat appear to act in a synergistic manner.

This strategy could be considered for any patient with uncontrolled hypercortisolism and delayed or unsuccessful surgery, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Considering the current cost of newly-released drugs, such a strategy could lower the financial costs for patients and/or society.
Court Decision Contra Legem or an Application of the Principle of Proportionality in Concreto?
Authors: Dambrauskaitė Asta 
Published: December 2021

The article analyses cases of non-application of a national legal rule by cassation court judges hearing civil cases where, based on the analysis of concrete circumstances, the application of such a rule, in the opinion of judges, would lead to an infringement of the principle of proportionality and the European Convention on Human Rights. Decisions of two courts of cassation belonging to the continental law tradition (the Lithuanian Supreme Court and the French Court of Cassation) illustrate such a control of the application of the principle of proportionality in concreto. While national law is subject to an increasing impact of the case law of supranational courts, the legitimacy of such national court decisions is discussed also in the context of the transformations taking place in regard to the role of a judge.
Variation in Early Inflammatory Marker Testing for Infection-Related Hospitalizations in Children
Authors: Markham Jessica L. , Thurm Cary W. , Hall Matt , Shah Samir S. , Quinonez Ricardo , Tchou Michael J. , Antoon James W. , Genies Marquita C. , Parlar-Chun Raymond , Johnson David P. , Shah Snehal P. , Ittel Molli , Brady Patrick W. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Inflammatory marker testing in children has been identified as a potential area of overuse. We sought to describe variation in early inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) testing for infection-related hospitalizations across children’s hospitals and to determine its association with length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission rate, and cost.METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional study of children aged 0 to 17 years with infection-related hospitalizations using the Pediatric Health Information System. After adjusting for patient characteristics, we examined rates of inflammatory marker testing (C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate) during the first 2 days of hospitalization. We used k-means clustering to assign each hospital to 1 of 3 groups on the basis of similarities in adjusted diagnostic testing rates across 12 infectious conditions. Multivariable regression was used to examine the association between hospital testing group and outcomes.RESULTS:We included 55 771 hospitalizations from 48 hospitals. In 7945 (14.3%), there was inflammatory marker testing in the first 2 days of hospitalization. We observed wide variation in inflammatory marker testing rates across hospitals and infections. Group A hospitals tended to perform more tests than group B or C hospitals (37.4% vs 18.0% vs 10.4%; P &lt; .001) and had the longest adjusted LOS (3.2 vs 2.9 vs 2.8 days; P = .01). There was no significant difference in adjusted 30-day readmission rates or costs.CONCLUSIONS:Inflammatory marker testing varied widely across hospitals. Hospitals with higher inflammatory testing for one infection tend to test more frequently for other infections and have longer LOS, suggesting opportunities for diagnostic stewardship.
Variation in Care and Clinical Outcomes Among Infants Hospitalized With Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: DePorre Adrienne G. , Hall Matthew , Puls Henry T. , Daly Ashley , Gay James C. , Bettenhausen Jessica L. , Markham Jessica L. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To assess hospital-level variation in laboratory testing and intravenous fluid (IVF) use and examine the association between these interventions and hospitalization outcomes among infants admitted with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective multicenter study of infants aged 2 to 7 days hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia from December 1, 2016, to June 30, 2018, using the Pediatric Health Information System. Hospital-level variation in laboratory and IVF use was evaluated after adjusting for clinical and demographic factors and associated with hospital-level outcomes by using Pearson correlation.

RESULTS:
We identified 4396 infants hospitalized with hyperbilirubinemia. In addition to bilirubin level, the most frequently ordered laboratories were direct antiglobulin testing (45.7%), reticulocyte count (39.7%), complete blood cell counts (43.7%), ABO blood type (33.4%), and electrolyte panels (12.9%). IVFs were given to 26.3% of children. Extensive variation in laboratory testing and IVF administration was observed across hospitals (all P &lt; .001). Increased use of laboratory testing but not IVFs was associated with a longer length of stay (P = .007 and .162, respectively). Neither supplementary laboratory use nor IVF use was associated with either readmissions or emergency department revisits.

CONCLUSIONS:
Substantial variation exists among hospitals in the management of infants with hyperbilirubinemia. With our results, we suggest that additional testing outside of bilirubin measurement may unnecessarily increase resource use for infants hospitalized with hyperbilirubinemia.
IMMUNIZATION AGAINST SCARLET FEVER WITH TANNIC ACID-PRECIPITATED ERYTHROGENIC TOXIN
Authors: SCHAEFFER MORRIS , TOOMEY JOHN A. 
Published: December 2021

With the use of a purified tannic acid-precipitated erythrogenic streptococcus toxin prepared according to the method of Veldee and given intradermally in three doses of 750, 3,000, and 10,000 STD at weekly intervals, 362 Dick positive individuals, including student nurses and inmates of orphanages, were inoculated. This resulted in a reversal of the Dick reaction in 86.7% of the group.
The majority of those immune to one STD were negative also to 2½ and 5 STD for at least six months, and only a few reversed to Dick positive within a year.
None of the immunized who remained Dick negative developed scarlet fever within the one to one and one-half year observation period.
Two cases of scarlet fever were observed in those immunized, but they had reverted from negative to positive Dick reactions prior to contracting the disease.
Some practical and theoretical considerations regarding scarlet fever immunization are discussed.
THE USE OF PENICILLIN IN OIL AND WAX IN CHILDREN
Authors: RILEY CONRAD M. , STRONG PAUL S. 
Published: December 2021

Penicillin in oil and wax was administered to 106 infants and children in a total of 510 single injections at 24 hour intervals as therapy for acute infections. The Clinical response was comparable to that seen with aqueous penicillin administered at more frequent intervals. From this study the following conclusions were reached.
1. The danger of local reaction is not great, as in only five cases there appeared urticarial lesions near the site of injection which seemed to cause no discomfort and which deared within 48 hours. There were no more serious reactions.
2. There is no satisfactory correlation between the size of dose per unit of body weight and the resulting blood level of penicillin 24 hours after injection. There is, however, a relation between the absolute dose and the resulting blood level. A dose of 300,000 units in all patients regardless of size produced a satisfactory level for the control of ordinary infections.
3. Both sodium and potassium salts were used. There is doubtful statistical evidence that the potassium salt produces higher levels at the end of 24 hours.
Overweight Children and Adolescents: Description, Epidemiology, and Demographics
Authors: Troiano Richard P. , Flegal Katherine M. 
Published: December 2021

We describe prevalence and trends in overweight among children and adolescents (6 to 17 years old) in the US population and variation in the prevalence by sex, age, race-ethnicity, income, and educational level. Height and weight were measured in nationally representative surveys conducted between 1963 and 1994: cycles II (1963 to 1965) and III (1966 to 1970) of the National Health Examination Survey (NHES) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES I, 1971 to 1974; NHANES II, 1976 to 1980; and NHANES III, 1988 to 1994). Overweight was defined by the age- and sex-specific 95th percentile of body mass index (BMI) from NHES II and III. BMI values between the 85th and 95th percentiles were considered an area of concern, because at this level there is increased risk for becoming overweight.Approximately 11% of children and adolescents were overweight in 1988 to 1994, and an additional 14% had a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles. The prevalence of overweight did not vary systematically with race-ethnicity, income, or education. Overweight prevalence increased over time, with the largest increase between NHANES II and NHANES III. Examination of the entire BMI distribution showed that the heaviest children were markedly heavier in NHANES III than in NHES, but the rest of the distribution of BMI showed little change.Data are limited for assessing the causes of the rapid change in the prevalence of overweight. The increased overweight prevalence in US children and adolescents may be one manifestation of a more general set of societal effects. Childhood overweight should be addressed from a public health perspective.
Development of Eating Behaviors Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Birch Leann L. , Fisher Jennifer O. 
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of obesity among children is high and is increasing. We know that obesity runs in families, with children of obese parents at greater risk of developing obesity than children of thin parents. Research on genetic factors in obesity has provided us with estimates of the proportion of the variance in a population accounted for by genetic factors. However, this research does not provide information regarding individual development. To design effective preventive interventions, research is needed to delineate how genetics and environmental factors interact in the etiology of childhood obesity. Addressing this question is especially challenging because parents provide both genes and environment for children.An enormous amount of learning about food and eating occurs during the transition from the exclusive milk diet of infancy to the omnivore's diet consumed by early childhood. This early learning is constrained by children's genetic predispositions, which include the unlearned preference for sweet tastes, salty tastes, and the rejection of sour and bitter tastes. Children also are predisposed to reject new foods and to learn associations between foods' flavors and the postingestive consequences of eating. Evidence suggests that children can respond to the energy density of the diet and that although intake at individual meals is erratic, 24-hour energy intake is relatively well regulated. There are individual differences in the regulation of energy intake as early as the preschool period. These individual differences in self-regulation are associated with differences in child-feeding practices and with children's adiposity. This suggests that child-feeding practices have the potential to affect children's energy balance via altering patterns of intake. Initial evidence indicates that imposition of stringent parental controls can potentiate preferences for high-fat, energy-dense foods, limit children's acceptance of a variety of foods, and disrupt children's regulation of energy intake by altering children's responsiveness to internal cues of hunger and satiety. This can occur when well-intended but concerned parents assume that children need help in determining what, when, and how much to eat and when parents impose child-feeding practices that provide children with few opportunities for self-control. Implications of these findings for preventive interventions are discussed.