bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative T2 mapping MRI of articular cartilage values predicts postoperative osteoarthritis progression following rotational acetabular osteotomy
Authors: Shoji Takeshi , Saka Hideki , Inoue Tadashi , Kato Yuichi , Fujiwara Yusuke , Yamasaki Takuma , Yasunaga Yuji , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: September 2021

AimsRotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) has been reported to be effective in improving symptoms and preventing osteoarthritis (OA) progression in patients with mild to severe develomental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). However, some patients develop secondary OA even when the preoperative joint space is normal; determining who will progress to OA is difficult. We evaluated whether the preoperative cartilage condition may predict OA progression following surgery using T2 mapping MRI.MethodsWe reviewed 61 hips with early-stage OA in 61 patients who underwent RAO for DDH. They underwent preoperative and five-year postoperative radiological analysis of the hip. Those with a joint space narrowing of more than 1 mm were considered to have 'OA progression'. Preoperative assessment of articular cartilage was also performed using 3T MRI with the T2 mapping technique. The region of interest was defined as the weightbearing portion of the acetabulum and femoral head.ResultsThere were 16 patients with postoperative OA progression. The T2 values of the centre to the anterolateral region of the acetabulum and femoral head in the OA progression cases were significantly higher than those in patients without OA progression. The preoperative T2 values in those regions were positively correlated with the narrowed joint space width. The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the T2 value of the central portion in the acetabulum provided excellent discrimination, with OA progression patients having an area under the curve of 0.858. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis showed T2 values of the centre to the acetabulum’s anterolateral portion as independent predictors of subsequent OA progression (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis was the first study to evaluate the relationship between intra-articular degeneration using T2 mapping MRI and postoperative OA progression. Our findings suggest that preoperative T2 values of the hip can be better prognostic factors for OA progression than radiological measures following RAO. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(9):1472–1478.
Who is to blame for COVID-19? Examining politicized fear and health behavior through a mixed methods study in the United States
Authors: Hardy Lisa J. , Mana Adi , Mundell Leah , Neuman Moran , Benheim Sharón , Otenyo Eric 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundPolitical ideologies drove public actions and health behaviors in the first year of the global pandemic. Different ideas about contagion, health behaviors, and the actions of governing bodies impacted the spread of the virus and health and life. Researchers used an immediate, mixed methods design to explore sociocultural responses to the virus and identified differences and similarities in anxiety, fear, blame, and perceptions of nation across political divides.MethodsResearchers conducted 60 in-depth, semi-structured interviews and administered over 1,000 questionnaires with people living in the United States. The team analyzed data through an exploratory and confirmatory sequential mixed methods design.ResultsIn the first months of the pandemic interviewees cited economic inequality, untrustworthy corporations and other entities, and the federal government as threats to life and pandemic control. Participants invoked ideas about others to determine blame. Findings reveal heavy associations between lack of safety during a public health crisis and blame of “culture” and government power across the political spectrum.ConclusionData indicate anxiety across political differences related to ideas of contagion and the maleficence of a powerful elite. Findings on how people understand the nation, politics, and pandemic management contribute to understanding dimensions of health behaviors and underlying connections between anxiety and the uptake of conspiracy theories in public health. The article ends with recommendations drawn from project findings for future pandemic response.
Satisfaction and health-related quality of life of patients with microtia following reconstructive surgery using the Nagata technique
Authors: Widodo Dini Widiarni , Mars Robert , Suwento Ronny , Alviandi Widayat , Oriza Imelda Ika Dian , Bardosono Saptawati 
Published: September 2021

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the functional outcomes, satisfaction, and quality of life of patients with microtia following reconstructive surgery.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective data of patients with microtia following reconstructive surgery using the Nagata technique. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients who underwent reconstructive surgery at the Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between 2014 and 2018. All eligible patients were referred to participate in this study between November 2018 and March 2019. The hearing function was assessed by a professional audiologist after surgery. Patient satisfaction was evaluated by interview using a previously developed questionnaire, while quality of life was assessed using the EuroQol-5D-Young questionnaire.

Results
Thirty-one eligible subjects were included in the study. Pain and discomfort were the most commonly reported factors related to the quality of life following surgery. Approximately 67.7% of the patients were satisfied; 19.4% were very satisfied, and 12.9% reported acceptance of their surgical outcomes. The most common complication was infection (n = 8). Most patients did not experience any problems in their lives after microtia surgery.

Conclusions
The highest rate of satisfactory outcomes was observed for the lobule subunit, which was assumed to be associated with the use of the Z-plasty technique. The most common complication was infection, as environmental hygiene was the most important factor. Thus, further concern for maintaining good hygiene is necessary to improve the quality of reconstructive surgery. The level of satisfaction with microtia reconstructive surgery was adequate. Most patients had a good health-related quality of life without experiencing any problems.
Mechanism of lncRNA-ANRIL/miR-181b in autophagy of cardiomyocytes in mice with uremia by targeting ATG5
Authors: Xu Ying , Chen Jing , Wang Minmin , Yu Rizhen , Zou Wenly , Shen Wei 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
This study is to investigate whether the cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) can regulate the autophagy of cardiomyocytes (CMs) by secreting lncRNA-ANRIL/miR-181b exosomes, thus participating in the occurrence of uremic cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods
A 5/6 nephrectomy uremia model was established, with the mice injected with ANRIL-shRNA lentivirus vector, miR-181b agomir, and related control reagents, containing the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen measured. The renal tissue sections of mice were stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), TUNEL, and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) performed on myocardial tissue sections of mice. ANRIL-shRNA, miR-181b mimics, and related control reagents were transfected into CMECs, in which the exosomes were extracted and co-cultured with CMs. The expressions of ANRIL, miR-181b and ATG5 were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expressions of autophagy related proteins by Western blot, as well as the binding of ANRIL and miR-181b by the double luciferase reporter gene experiment.

Results
ANRIL down-regulation or miR-181b up-regulation can increase the weight of mice with uremia, as well as the expressions of p62 and miR-181b, and reduce the content of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, the damage of kidney and myocardial tissues, the number of apoptotic cells in myocardial tissues, as well as the expressions of ANRIL, ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3. CMs can absorb the exosomes of CMECs. Compared with IS+ CMEC-Exo group, the expressions of ANRIL and ATG5 in CMs of IS+ CMEC-Exo + sh lncRNA ANRIL and IS+CMEC-Exo+miR-181b mimics groups was down-regulated, as well as the expressions of ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3, while miR-181b expression was up-regulated as well as P62 expression.

Conclusions
CMECs can regulate autophagy of CMs by releasing exosomes containing ANRIL and miR-181b.
Recovery of the maternal skeleton after lactation is impaired by advanced maternal age but not by reduced IGF availability in the mouse
Authors: Rogowska Monika D. , Pena Uriel N. V. , Binning Nimrat , Christians Julian K. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Lactation results in substantial maternal bone loss that is recovered following weaning. However, the mechanisms underlying this recovery, and in particular the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), is not clear. Furthermore, there is little data regarding whether recovery is affected by advanced maternal age.

Methods
Using micro-computed tomography, we studied bone recovery following lactation in mice at 2, 5 and 7 months of age. We also investigated the effects of reduced IGF-I availability using mice lacking PAPP-A2, a protease of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5).

Results
In 2 month old mice, lactation affected femoral trabecular and cortical bone, but only cortical bone showed recovery 3 weeks after weaning. This recovery was not affected by deletion of the Pappa2 gene. The amount of trabecular bone was reduced in 5 and 7 month old mice, and was not further reduced by lactation. However, the recovery of cortical bone was impaired at 5 and 7 months compared with at 2 months.

Conclusions
Recovery of the maternal skeleton after lactation is impaired in moderately-aged mice compared with younger mice. Our results may be relevant to the long-term effects of breastfeeding on the maternal skeleton in humans, particularly given the increasing median maternal age at childbearing.
Impacto ambiental del vertimiento de aguas servidas en aglomerados urbanos ilegales del municipio de Villavicencio, Colombia
Authors: Cuadros Segura Fabián Dario , Moyano Salcedo Alvaro Javier , Pabon Laverde Adrian Mateo , Trujillo Arias Jassbleydi Valentina 
Published: September 2021

Contexto: La conformación de conglomerados habitacionales ilegales, en la mayoría de los casos, sin saneamiento básico adecuado, puede generar deterioro de los recursos naturales. El presente estudio evaluó el impacto ambiental asociado al vertimiento de aguas servidas urbanas (ASU) sobre suelos y cuerpos de agua, en un aglomerado urbano ilegal del municipio de Villavicencio. Metodología: A partir de 15 puntos de muestreo se determinaron parámetros fisicoquímicos de agua: serie de sólidos, turbiedad, color, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE), oxígeno disuelto (OD); y de suelo: pH, CE, capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y concentración de C, N y elementos traza, para identificar impactos sobre los recursos en el área de estudio. Resultados: Las muestras de ASU presentaron valores elevados en parámetros como turbiedad (326 NTU), color (744 UPC) y DQO bruta (600 a 1500 mg l-1). En los análisis de cuerpos de agua aledaños al sector, la DQO varió entre 368 y 429 mg l-1. Asimismo, el OD osciló entre 5,7 y 7,1 mg l-1, valores que resultaron favorables para los cauces; sin embargo, fueron bajos para el ASU (0,9 mg l-1). Por su parte, se determinó una alteración significativa en propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo como pH (5,8-8,2), CIC (8,2-16,78 mEq-g 100 g-1), CE (57,6-517,3 µS cm-1) y N (0,03-0,84 mg kg-1) asociadas principalmente a los vertimientos. Conclusiones: Fue posible identificar un efecto negativo en los recursos agua y suelo, generado por descargas descontroladas de ASU en el lugar, lo cual se encuentra relacionado una pérdida de servicios ambientales y baja calidad de vida.
Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support in Patients with Ischemic Versus Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chou Brendan P. , Critsinelis Andre , Lamba Harveen K. , Long Gregory , Civitello Andrew B. , Delgado Reynolds M. , Chatterjee Subhasis 
Published: September 2021

To determine whether the cause of cardiomyopathy affects outcomes in patients who undergo continuous-flow left ventricular assist device support, we compared postimplant adverse events and survival between patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. The inclusion criteria for the ischemic group were a history of myocardial infarction or revascularization (coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention), ≥75% stenosis of the left main or proximal left anterior descending coronary artery, or ≥75% stenosis of ≥2 epicardial vessels.
From November 2003 through March 2016, 526 patients underwent device support: 256 (48.7%) in the ischemic group and 270 (51.3%) in the nonischemic group. The ischemic group was older (60.0 vs 50.0 yr), included more men than women (84.0% vs 72.6%), and had more comorbidities. More patients in the nonischemic group were able to have their devices explanted after left ventricular recovery (5.9% vs 2.0%; P=0.02). More patients in the ischemic group had gastrointestinal bleeding (31.2% vs 22.6%; P=0.03), particularly from arteriovenous malformations (20.7% vs 11.9%; P=0.006) and ulcers (16.4% vs 9.3%; P=0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no difference in overall survival between groups (P=0.24). Older age, previous sternotomy, higher total bilirubin level, and concomitant procedures during device implantation independently predicted death (P ≤0.03), whereas cause of heart failure did not (P=0.08).
Despite the similarity in overall survival between groups, ischemic cardiomyopathy was associated with more frequent gastrointestinal bleeding. This information may help guide the care of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy who receive continuous-flow left ventricular assist device support.
Machine translation of English content: A comparative study of different methods
Authors: Xue Jinfeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Based on neural machine translation, this article introduced the ConvS2S system and transformer system, designed a semantic sharing combined transformer system to improve translation quality, and compared the three systems on the NIST dataset. The results showed that the operation speed of the semantic sharing combined transformer system was the highest, reaching 3934.27 words per second; the BLEU value of the ConvS2S system was the smallest, followed by the transformer system and the semantic sharing combined transformer system. Taking NIST08 as an example, the BLEU values of the designed system were 4.74 and 1.49 higher than the other two systems. The analysis of examples showed that the semantic sharing combined transformer had higher translation quality. The experimental results show that the proposed system is reliable in English content translation and can be further promoted and applied in practice.
Role of Hypericum perforatum oil and pomegranate seed oil in wound healing: an in vitro study
Authors: Uzunhisarcıklı Ebru , Yerer Mükerrem Betül 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the wound-healing efficacy of Hypericum perforatum and pomegranate seed extract oil combined with curcumin as an anti inflammatory agent. A series of experiments were carried out to determine effective concentrations for H. perforatum oil, pomegranate seed extract oil, and curcumin. Ibuprofen was used as a positive control. The wound-healing effects of the applied compounds were tested according to the migration experiment model performed in HaCaT cells. A real-time cell analyzer (xCELLigence) was used to determine the cytotoxic/proliferative effects of H. perforatum, pomegranate seed oil, ibuprofen, and curcumin in HaCaT cells alone and their combined use at specified concentrations. After examining the noncytotoxic concentrations of H. perforatum oil, pomegranate seed oil, curcumin, and ibuprofen, migration experiments were performed to examine the wound healing properties. According to the results, the wound-healing efficacy of curcumin and H. perforatum combination was better than ibuprofen combinations. Also, according to the results, the wound-healing efficacy of curcumin and pomegranate seed oil combination was better than ibuprofen combinations. It was concluded that both oils had improved wound-healing properties in combination with curcumin or Ibuprofen.
Volunteering as a Human Resource in Provision of Public Social Services in the Municipality
Authors: Papalauskienė Aistė 
Published: September 2021

The research aims to identify the main factors and obstacles supporting the development of volunteering in municipalities as a basis for volunteering as an additional human resource in the provision of social services in the municipality. It has been achieved through qualitative analysis and generalization of academic literature and other publicly available sources. The article adheres to the opinion that volunteering is a phenomenon that is becoming increasingly important in democratic societies. In the analyzed context of public administration, we treat volunteering as follows: activities that create social benefits for society; freely assumed obligations authorized by agreement; activities appropriate to mutual assistance; unpaid activities of public service; useful work; activities satisfying the needs of human self-realization; activities allowing to acquire professional skills. All the components of this multifaceted definition evidence the social benefit to society, and at the same time to the municipality, where volunteering is being developed.
The analysis of academic literature and the good practice of other countries in the development of volunteering showed that the social benefits created by volunteering are complex, the social impact is a long-term and systemic. The social benefits created by volunteering affect the volunteer him/herself, the organization that hosts the volunteer, the community of service provision, the service recipient and his/her family members, society.
The study revealed the following factors activating volunteering in the municipality: recognition of volunteering benefits and support at all levels of government; determination and periodic analysis of obstacles to involvement of volunteers in social activities; formation of volunteers’ involvement mechanism and administration of activities thereof; material and information resources for the coordination and support of volunteering activities; competent human resources to activate and involve volunteering; mutual co-operation of the municipal administration units and departments; cooperation of the municipal administration with NGOs and state-financed organizations in developing volunteering in municipalities; dissemination of good practice; inclusion of volunteering activities in curricula of pre-school educational institutions.
Prevalence of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Well-Appearing, Febrile Infants
Authors: McCulloh Russell J. , McDaniel Lauren M. , Kerns Ellen , Biondi Eric A. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Data on invasive bacterial infection (IBI), defined as bacteremia and/or bacterial meningitis, in febrile infants aged &lt;60 days old primarily derive from smaller, dated studies conducted at large, university-affiliated medical centers. Our objective with the current study was to determine current prevalence and epidemiology of IBI from a contemporary, national cohort of well-appearing, febrile infants at university-affiliated and community-based hospitals.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Retrospective review of well-appearing, febrile infants aged 7 to 60 days was performed across 31 community-based and 44 university-affiliated centers from September 2015 to December 2017. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture results were reviewed and categorized by using a priori criteria for pathogenic organisms. Prevalence estimates and subgroup comparisons were made by using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS
A total of 10 618 febrile infants met inclusion criteria; cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures were tested from 6747 and 10 581 infants, respectively. Overall, meningitis prevalence was 0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2–0.5); bacteremia prevalence was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.1–2.7). Neonates aged 7 to 30 days had significantly higher prevalence of bacteremia, as compared with infants in the second month of life. IBI prevalence did not differ between community-based and university-affiliated hospitals (2.7% [95% CI: 2.3–3.1] vs 2.1% [95% CI: 1.7–2.6]). Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae were the most commonly identified organisms.

CONCLUSIONS
This contemporary study of well-appearing, febrile infants supports previous epidemiological estimates of IBI prevalence and suggests that the prevalence of IBI may be similar among community-based and university-affiliated hospitals. These results can be used to aid future clinical guidelines and prediction tool development.
Pediatrician Perspectives on Brief Resolved Unexplained Events
Authors: Maksimowski Karolina , Haddad Rita , DeLaroche Amy M. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEThe objective with this study was to describe pediatric emergency department (ED) physicians’ perspective on the evaluation and management of brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) to help support the development of quality improvement interventions for this population.METHODSWe conducted qualitative semistructured interviews with pediatric ED providers who practice in a single state. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed and demographic information was also obtained. The 6-phase approach to reflexive thematic analysis was used to conduct the qualitative analysis.RESULTSNineteen pediatric ED physicians practicing in 4 institutions across our state participated in the study. The majority of participants (95%) practice in a university-affiliated setting. The primary themes related to providing care for patients with a BRUE identified in our analysis were (1) reassurance, (2) caregiver or provider concern, and (3) clinical practice guideline availability and interpretation. Closely intertwined underlying topics informing BRUE patient management were also noted: (1) ambiguity in the BRUE diagnosis and its management; (2) a need for shared decision-making between the caregiver and the provider; and (3) concern over the increased time spent with caregivers during an ED visit for a diagnosis of BRUE. These complex relationships were found to influence patient evaluation and disposition.CONCLUSIONMultifaceted quality improvement interventions should address caregiver and provider concerns regarding the diagnosis of BRUE while providing decision aids to support shared decision-making with caregivers.