bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China's outward investment activity: Ambiguous findings in the literature and empirical trends in greenfield investments
Authors: Yang Ruilin , Bathelt Harald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the rapid increase of China's outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) since the early‐2000s, a growing body of literature has developed that investigates investment processes and their underlying motivations and tendencies. Three important findings emerge from this literature. First, it has been noted that the generation of market and resource access have been key drivers of investment activity. Second, China's OFDIs have accordingly focused on mature manufacturing and natural resource sectors. Third, a large proportion of OFDIs is assumed to have been directed to neighboring countries in East Asia or other developing economies, for instance in Africa. However, a literature review reveals limitations in prior studies with respect to measurement biases, database incompatibilities, the neglect of a knowledge perspective, and a lack of sectoral differentiation. Descriptive analysis based on a comprehensive firm‐level data set of greenfield investments shows that previous findings are only partial. According to fDi Markets data from 2003 to 2016, OFDIs from China are more diversified and widespread than assumed. Many recent investments have a distinct knowledge motivation, are focused on high‐tech and business service sectors and non‐manufacturing functions, and are directed toward developed economies.
The Bowel Cancer Screening Programme Expert Board: an analysis of activity during 2017–2020
Authors: Bateman Adrian C , Kurn Octavia R , Novelli Marco R , Rodriguez‐Justo Manuel , Shepherd Neil A , Wong Newton A C S 
Published: November 2021

AimsThe inception of the National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme in England in 2006 highlighted the fact that the differential diagnosis between the presence of epithelial misplacement and adenocarcinoma occurring in colorectal adenomas is problematic. The pathology Expert Board (EB) was created to facilitate the review of difficult cases by a panel of three experienced gastrointestinal pathologists. This article describes a review of the work of the EB over a 4‐year period (2017–2020).Methods and resultsFour hundred and thirty polyps were referred to the EB from 193 pathologists and 76 hospitals during this time. The EB diagnosis was benign for 67%, malignant for 28%, and equivocal for 2% (with no consensus in the remainder). The most common diagnosis change made by the EB was from malignant to benign—made in 50% of polyps referred with an initially malignant diagnosis. The level of agreement between the individual EB members was ‘good’ (kappa score of 0.619) but that between the EB and the referring diagnosis was ‘poor’ (kappa score of 0.149). Data from one EB member indicated that the presence of lamina propria, features of torsion and cytological similarity between the superficial and deep glands were predictors of a benign diagnosis, whereas the presence of irregular neoplastic glands, a desmoplastic reaction and lymphovascular invasion were commonly observed features in polyps with a malignant diagnosis.ConclusionDiagnostic agreement between EB members is better than that between the EB and referring pathologists. There was a consistent trend for the EB to change diagnoses from malignant to benign.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamic response of a ZrB2‐SiC ceramic under uniaxial compression
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Wang Mi , Cao Junxin , Wang Lingling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe dynamic experimental tests were performed on cylindrical zirconium diboride‐silicon carbide ceramic specimens under the uniaxial compression from 519 to 2861 s−1. The effect of the strain rate on the dynamic response of a ZrB2‐SiC ceramic was investigated using experimental and numerical methods. A significant increase on the dynamic compressive strength, elastic modulus, and the dynamic tensile strength was found with the increase of the strain rate. The damage process and fracture pattern of the ZrB2‐SiC ceramic exhibited a significant strain‐rate dependence under the dynamic compression. The strain rate‐dependent elastic modulus and tensile strength were introduced into Johnson–Holmquist (JH‐2) model to predict the dynamic compression behavior of the ZrB2‐SiC ceramic. The simulation results of the dynamic compressive strength, stress–strain relation, and fracture patterns were in good accordance with the dynamic experimental results.
Designing gluten‐free, anthocyanins‐enriched cookies on scientific basis
Authors: Slavu (Ursu) Mioara Gabriela , Banu Iuliana , Milea Adelina Ștefania , Aprodu Iuliana , Enachi Elena , Cotârleț Mihaela , Râpeanu Gabriela , Stănciuc Nicoleta 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe essential treatment of the coeliac disease is a strict lifelong gluten‐free diet based on the avoidance of gluten, thus requiring new perspectives for identifying technological and functional alternatives for gluten‐free products, with similar functionality and efficiency. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the potential of purple corn flour (PCF) as a functional and technological alternative to design new gluten‐free, anthocyanins‐enriched cookies. The PCF was characterised in terms of phytochemical and antioxidant activity, yielding an extract with a total anthocyanin content of 14.94 ± 0.68 mg cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G) per g dry weight (DW). The results of the thermo‐mechanical tests indicated that composite flour consisting of rice flour (RF, 75%) and PCF (25%) is suitable for obtaining gluten‐free cookies. Tests showed increased anthocyanin content in cookies with 75% addition of PCF, up to 6.99 ± 0.20 mg C3G per 100 g DW, yielding an antioxidant activity of 18.46 ± 0.18 mm Trolox equivalents per g DW. The ELISA test confirmed the absence of prolamins recognised by the monoclonal antibody R5. The sensory analysis revealed that the substitution of RF with PCF had no significant influence on overall acceptability. The results of the shelf‐life tests performed on the cookies showed slight variation in phytochemicals in both variants, influencing the antioxidant activity. The obtained results may bring potential benefits to people on restricted diets and coeliac consumers, which can benefit from a contribution of bioactives, with significant health benefits.
Effects of COVID‐19 on integration of women refugees into Turkish society
Authors: Açıkalın Şuay Nilhan , Eminoğlu Can , Erçetin Şefika Şule 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe objective of this research is to determine how the COVID‐19 pandemic influenced integration of women refugees into Turkish society. The study was designed as a qualitative study between March 2020 and June 2020. The notion of integration is redefined as an eight‐dimensional model composed of education, sociocultural, health, economy, legal, shelter, family and security. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted by telephone, with 50 women refugees in Turkey, about the impact of COVID‐19 on integration. The results of the research indicate that most women refugees had both positive and negative experiences in economic, education and sociocultural dimensions of integration. The COVID‐19 outbreak affected their integration in an unprecedented way, especially in daily and work life as well as access to health services. Similarly, language barriers faced by refugee women create significant challenges and obstacles, making the integration process more complex. Refugee women stated that COVID‐19 positively influenced the security dimension of integration.
NLRP3 knockout enhances immune infiltration and inflammatory responses and improves survival in a burn sepsis model
Authors: Stanojcic Mile , Vinaik Roohi , Abdullahi Abdikarim , Chen Peter , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough sepsis in burn patients is a major contributor to mortality, treatments are not always effective and underlying mechanisms have yet to be completely elucidated. NLRP3 inflammasome orchestrates burn‐induced, inflammatory‐driven pathophysiologic processes. Here, we determined the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation on bacterial clearance and mortality in burn sepsis. We obtained tissue and blood from 30 wild‐type and 30 Nlrp3−/− mice. Mice were subjected to a two‐hit model of 25–30% TBSA scald burn followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection 72 hours after injury. We also obtained tissue from 34 adult burn patients (≥18 years of age) with early (0–11 days post‐burn) and later (≥12 days post‐burn) surgical time‐points and ten healthy controls. Murine studies indicated that Nlrp3−/− had 30% improved survival and bacterial clearance at the site of injury and is systemically relative to burn sepsis wild type. Greater macrophage and neutrophil infiltration occurred acutely after infection (12 hours) to the site of injury and adipose tissue. This was followed by increased macrophage and neutrophil infiltration to lymphoid organs and liver beyond the acute phase (24 and 72 hours). Interestingly, Nlrp3 ablation increased acute systemic inflammation (IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β). Septic burn patients had persistently increased adipose NLRP3 by‐product expression beyond the acute phase that was more pronounced in late‐onset sepsis. Our findings suggest that Nlrp3 genetic ablation enhanced acute tissue‐specific inflammatory responsiveness. Likely, this occurs by paradoxically increasing acute immune infiltration and inflammation with a non‐persistent response. Clinically, persistent NLRP3‐mediated inflammation occurs in septic versus normal burn patients and potentially detrimentally impacts patient outcomes.
Effect of Safewards on reducing conflict and containment and the experiences of staff and consumers: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Ward‐Stockham Kristel , Kapp Suzanne , Jarden Rebecca , Gerdtz Marie , Daniel Catherine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSafewards is an internationally adopted framework that provides interventions to reduce conflict and containment in healthcare settings. This systematic review evaluated the effect of Safewards on conflict and containment events in inpatient units and the perceptions of staff and consumers. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed‐methods studies were considered for inclusion. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, two reviewers independently screened, appraised, and extracted data. Qualitative data were synthesized using inductive‐thematic analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated with a convergent‐segregated approach and presented in tabular and narrative format. A search of 13 databases and grey literature yielded 14 studies of variable methodological quality. Four studies reported reduced rates of conflict and one study reported reductions that were not statistically significant. Six studies reported reductions in rates of containment, three studies found no statistical significance and one study reported statistically significant reductions at follow‐up. Staff and consumers in four studies reported an improved experience of safety. Three themes were developed as follows: (i) therapeutic hold, cohesion, support and the environment, (ii) conflict, containment and the experience of safety, and (iii) the complexities of adapting and embedding change. This review found most staff and consumers reported Safewards improved therapeutic relationships, cohesion, and ward atmosphere. Staff and consumers reported improved ward atmosphere, leading to consumer‐centred, recovery‐oriented care. Safewards improved the experience of safety from the perspective of staff and consumers when combined with ongoing training, leadership and time for consolidation. While results are promising they should be used cautiously until more robust evidence is established.
Prevalence, associated factors and adverse outcomes of workplace violence towards nurses in psychiatric settings: A systematic review
Authors: Jang Sun Joo , Son Youn‐Jung , Lee Haeyoung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWorkplace violence towards psychiatric nurses by psychiatric patients is common, which can potentially affect care quality as well as nurses’ health. This study aimed to synthesize the literature on workplace violence towards psychiatric nurses and identify the prevalence and factors influencing workplace violence and related outcomes. PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsychINFO were searched for English articles on workplace violence against psychiatric nurses published from January 2011 to December 2020. Sixteen articles were selected for the systematic review. This was followed by quality assessment and data extraction. The workplace violence prevalence ranged 11.4–97.6%. Diagnosis of the patient; nurse‐related factors such as age, sex, marital status, education, emotional intelligence level and personality; and work shift were associated with the occurrence of workplace violence. Psychiatric nurses who experienced workplace violence had primarily poor mental health such as depressive symptoms and negative work‐related outcomes such as turnover intention. The results revealed that there were relatively few patient‐related factors associated with workplace violence and few reports on workplace violence‐related to nurses’ physical health, suggesting the need for a multi‐dimensional approach. Future studies are needed to develop standardized instruments for workplace violence investigation considering inpatients psychiatric settings. Effective workplace violence prevention strategies should consider comprehensive patient‐, nurse‐ and occupation‐related factors.
Deep‐red‐emitting Ca2ScSbO6:Mn4+ phosphors with a double perovskite structure: Synthesis, characterization and potential in plant growth lighting
Authors: Chen Zhanglin , Tian Zhaobo , Zhang Jie , Li Fei , Du Songmo , Cui Wei , Yuan Xuanyi , Chen Kexin , Liu Guanghua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMn4+‐activated double‐perovskite type Ca2ScSbO6 (CSS) phosphors were synthesized via a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The phase purity and crystal structure of obtained samples were investigated by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The successful incorporation of Mn4+ ions into CSS lattice was confirmed by the combination of energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectra (EDX) and X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) results. The luminescent properties of the CSS phosphors, including the photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectra, commission international de l'clairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates, fluorescence decay curves, quantum yields and temperature‐dependent PL spectra, were investigated in detail. Under 310‐nm excitation, the optimized CSS:0.3%Mn4+ phosphor exhibited bright deep‐red emission covering a narrow band from 640 nm to 720 nm, which overlaps with the absorbance of phytochromes. The Racah parameters B, C, and local crystal strength Dq were calculated to be 870, 2703, and 1984 cm–1, respectively. Particularly, the emission intensity of CSS:0.3%Mn4+ still remained 61.4% at 423 K compared with that at room temperature. Therefore, all these outstanding luminescent properties provided the as‐synthesized phosphors a great potential in plant growth lighting.
Impact of water quality parameters on geosmin levels and geosmin producers in European recirculating aquaculture systems
Authors: Lukassen Mie Bech , Menanteau-Ledouble Simon , de Jonge Nadieh , Schram Edward , Nielsen Jeppe Lund 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Geosmin is associated with off-flavour problems in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and represents an economic problem for the aquaculture industry. This study aims at investigating factors influencing the composition of the bacterial microbiota, in particular the presence of geosmin producers and the environmental and farming factors favouring geosmin accumulation.

Methods and Results
Several water quality parameters were correlated to the composition of the microbiota with special emphasis on the presence of geosmin producers within 26 different RAS from four European countries. Three novel groups of geosmin-producing bacteria were quantified to identify potential correlations with geosmin concentration.

Conclusions
The microbiome differed significantly between systems. However, phosphate levels, calcium levels and redox potential correlated to geosmin concentration in the water and the presence of the Actinomycetales geosmin-producers but not with the presence of other groups of geosmin-producing bacteria. Oxygen levels and conductivity were found to negatively correlate with geosmin concentration. A large proportion of the detected geosmin producers represented novel taxonomic groups not previously linked with this activity.

Significance and Impact of the Study
These results improve our understanding of the diversity of microbiota in RAS and the water quality parameters favouring the populations of geosmin-producing bacteria and the production of geosmin.
Association of blood pressure and long‐term change with chronic kidney disease risk among Chinese adults with different glucose metabolism according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines
Authors: He Jia , Li Zhaoyang , Wang Ruixin , Nie Hongli , Wang Fei , Yuan Jing , Miao Xiaoping , Yao Ping , Wei Sheng , Zhang Xiaomin , Guo Huan , Yang Handong , Wu Tangchun , He Meian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhether the definition of hypertension according to 2017 AHA/ACC guidelines and blood pressure (BP) changes was related to the increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remained debated. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association of BP and long‐term BP change with CKD risk with different glucose metabolism according to the new hypertension guidelines. This study examined 12 951 participants and 11 183 participants derived from the older people cohort study, respectively. Participants were divided into three groups based on blood glucose and the risks were assessmented by the logistic regression model. During a 10 years of follow‐up period, 2727 individuals developed CKD (21.1%). Compared with those with BP < 130/80 mmHg, individuals with increased BP levels had significantly increased risk of incident CKD. Participants with BP of 130–139/80–89 or ≥140/90 mmHg had 1.51‐ and 1.89‐fold incident risk of CKD in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Compared with individuals with stable BP (−5 to 5 mmHg), the risk of CKD was reduced when BP decreased by 5 mmHg or more and increased when BP increased ≥5 mmHg among normoglycemia and prediabetes participants. Similar results were observed for rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline. In conclusion, the BP of 130–139/80–89 mmHg combined with prediabetes or DM had an increased risk of incident CKD and rapid eGFR decline in older people. Long‐term changes of BP by more than 5 mmHg among normoglycemia or prediabetes were associated with the risk of incident CKD and rapid eGFR decline.
Increased UBE2L6 regulated by type 1 interferon as potential marker in TB
Authors: Gao Jiao , Li Chonghui , Li Wenjing , Chen Haotian , Fu Yurong , Yi Zhengjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to identify potential biomarker of tuberculosis (TB) and determine its function. Differentially expressed mRNAs(DEGs) were selected from a blood database GSE101805, and then, 30 key genes were screened using STING, Cytoscape and further functionally enriched. We then found that only 6 of 13 genes related to ubiquitination (the first in the functional enrichment) were increased significantly. ROC analysis showed that UBE2L6, among 6 genes, had the highest diagnostic value, and then, we found that it also had mild value in differential diagnosis. Moreover, our analysis showed that UBE2L6 may be upregulated by type I interferon, which was further confirmed by us. In addition, we also found that UBE2L6 inhibits the apoptosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)infected macrophages. Subsequently, we discovered that miR‐146a‐5p, which may target UBE2L6, is reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma of TB, and it also had certain diagnostic efficiency(AUC=0.791). In brief, we demonstrated that UBE2L6 as well as miR‐146a‐5p is a potential biomarker for TB and UBE2L6,which may also plays important role in TB by, at least, modulating Mtb‐infected macrophage apoptosis.
Predicting how environmental conditions and smolt body length when entering the marine environment impact individual Atlantic salmon Salmo salar adult return rates
Authors: Simmons Olivia Meredith , Britton J. Robert , Gillingham Phillipa K. , Nevoux Marie , Riley William D. , Rivot Etienne , Gregory Stephen D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPopulations of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar have experienced precipitous declines in abundance since the 1970s. This decline has been associated with reduced numbers of adult salmon returning to fresh water from their marine migration, i.e., their marine return rates (MRR). Thus, understanding the factors that affect MRR is of crucial conservation importance. The authors used a state‐space model with a 13‐year time series of individually tagged salmon mark‐recapture histories on the River Frome, southern England, to test the effect of smolt body length on their MRR. In addition to smolt length, the model tested for the influence of environmental covariates that were representative of the conditions experienced by the smolts in the early stages of their seaward migration, i.e., from the lower river to the estuary exit. The model indicated that, even when accounting for environmental covariates, smolt body length was an important predictor of MRR. Although larger smolts have a higher probability of returning to their natal river as adults than smaller smolts, and one‐sea‐winter salmon have a survival rate twice as high as multi‐sea‐winter salmon, the actual biological mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon remain uncertain. These results have important applications for salmon conservation, as efforts to bolster salmon populations in the freshwater environment should consider methods to improve smolt quality (i.e., body size) as well as smolt quantity.
A new species of Cambeva (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the Rio Iguaçu basin, Paraná State, Brazil and redescription of Cambeva stawiarski (Miranda Ribeiro 1968)
Authors: dos Reis Renan B. , Ferrer Juliano , da Graça Weferson J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to describe Cambeva cauim, sp. nov., endemic to the Rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil and redescribe Cambeva stawiarski using external and internal morphological data through the revision of specimens deposited in fish collections, including the type material. In this process, we have also added comments on the possible type locality of C. stawiarski. C. cauim, sp. nov. and C. stawiarski are mainly diagnosed by the anatomy and number of procurrent caudal‐fin rays in addition to colouration and several meristic and morphometric characters. Both species are compared with other possibly related species and their synapomorphic characters are discussed. C. cauim, sp. nov. and C. stawiarski along with eight other congeners are endemic to the Rio Iguaçu basin, a high impacted freshwater region which could be considered as a biodiversity hotspot to the genus.