bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic changes in serum procalcitonin predict persistent acute kidney injury in critical patients
Authors: Shen Kan , Qu Wei , Zhao Guang‐Kuo , Cheng Zhi‐Hui , Li Jun , Deng Xing‐Qi , Xu Dong‐Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposePersistent acute kidney injury (AKI) has been shown to be closely associated with poor prognosis in critical patients. Recent studies have shown that procalcitonin (PCT) is valuable for the early prediction of AKI in critically patients. Our aim was to determine whether PCT and its kinetic changes could predict the occurrence of persistent AKI in critical patients.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study. The definition of AKI was based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Persistent AKI was defined as renal function that does not return to baseline serum creatinine levels within 48 h. Blood samples were obtained at the onset of AKI and two subsequent days of hospital stay. 24‐h PCT change (ΔPCT‐24 h) was defined as 24 h PCT minus baseline PCT (day 0).ResultsA total of 91 critical patients with AKI were included in this study. The persistent AKI group had a stepwise increase in PCT concentration. ΔPCT‐24 h was higher in the persistent AKI group (p < .01). Logistic regression analysis showed that ΔPCT‐24 h (p = .04) was independent predictors of persistent AKI. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that area under the curve of ΔPCT‐24 h was 0.84 (p < .01), and the cut‐off value for PCT to predict persistent AKI was 0.56 ng/ml.ConclusionOur study showed that the observation of kinetic changes in PCT is more significant for the early prediction of persistent AKI than the index of PCT at a single time point. ΔPCT‐24 h is a good predictor of persistent AKI in critical patients.
Ignore risk; Maximize expected moral value
Authors: Zhao Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany philosophers assume that, when making moral decisions under uncertainty, we should choose the option that has the greatest expected moral value, regardless of how risky it is. But their arguments for maximizing expected moral value do not support it over rival, risk‐averse approaches. In this paper, I present a novel argument for maximizing expected value: when we think about larger series of decisions that each decision is a part of, all but the most risk‐averse agents would prefer that we consistently choose the option with the highest expected value. To the extent that what we choose on a given occasion should be guided by the entire series of choices we prefer, then on each occasion, we should choose the option with the highest expected moral value.
Rapid depolarization and cytosolic calcium increase go hand‐in‐hand in mesophyll cells’ ozone response
Authors: Nuhkat Maris , Brosché Mikael , Stoelzle‐Feix Sonja , Dietrich Petra , Hedrich Rainer , Roelfsema M. Rob G. , Kollist Hannes 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Plant stress signalling involves bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be mimicked by the application of acute pulses of ozone. Such ozone‐pulses inhibit photosynthesis and trigger stomatal closure in a few minutes, but the signalling that underlies these responses remains largely unknown.

We measured changes in Arabidopsis thaliana gas exchange after treatment with acute pulses of ozone and set up a system for simultaneous measurement of membrane potential and cytosolic calcium with the fluorescent reporter R‐GECO1.

We show that within 1 min, prior to stomatal closure, O3 triggered a drop in whole‐plant CO2 uptake. Within this early phase, O3 pulses (200–1000 ppb) elicited simultaneous membrane depolarization and cytosolic calcium increase, whereas these pulses had no long‐term effect on either stomatal conductance or photosynthesis. In contrast, pulses of 5000 ppb O3 induced cell death, systemic Ca2+ signals and an irreversible drop in stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity.

We conclude that mesophyll cells respond to ozone in a few seconds by distinct pattern of plasma membrane depolarizations accompanied by an increase in the cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+) level. These responses became systemic only at very high ozone concentrations. Thus, plants have rapid mechanism to sense and discriminate the strength of ozone signals.
A critical review of 25 years of glomalin research: a better mechanical understanding and robust quantification techniques are required
Authors: Irving Thomas B. , Alptekin Burcu , Kleven Bailey , Ané Jean‐Michel 
Published: September 2021

SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important contributors to both plant and soil health. Twenty‐five years ago, researchers discovered ‘glomalin’, a soil component potentially produced by AMF, which was unconventionally extracted from soil and bound by a monoclonal antibody raised against Rhizophagus irregularis spores. ‘Glomalin’ can resist boiling, strong acids and bases, and protease treatment. Researchers proposed that ‘glomalin’ is a 60 kDa heat shock protein produced by AMF, while others suggested that it is a mixture of soil organic materials that are not unique to AMF. Despite disagreements on the nature of ‘glomalin’, it has been consistently associated with a long list of plant and soil health benefits, including soil aggregation, soil carbon storage and enhancing growth under abiotic stress. The benefits attributed to ‘glomalin’ have caused much excitement in the plant and soil health community; however, the mechanism(s) for these benefits have yet to be established. This review provides insights into the current understanding of the identity of ‘glomalin’, ‘glomalin’ quantification, and the associated benefits of ‘glomalin’. We invite the community to think more critically about how glomalin‐associated benefits are generated. We suggest a series of experiments to test hypotheses regarding the nature of ‘glomalin’ and associated health benefits.
Mechanisms underpinning nonadditivity of global change factor effects in the plant–soil system
Authors: Rillig Matthias C. , Lehmann Anika , Orr James A. , Waldman Walter R. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryPlant–soil systems are key for understanding the effects of factors of global change. Recent work has highlighted the general importance of considering the simultaneous incidence of some factors or stressors. To help mechanistically dissect the possible interactions of such factors, we here propose three broad groups of mechanisms that may generally lead to nonadditivity of responses within a plant–soil system: direct factor interactions (that is one factor directly changing another), within‐plant information processing and crosstalk, and effects of factors on groups of soil biota interacting with plants. Interactions are also possible within and across these groups. Factor interactions are very likely to be present in experiments, especially when dealing with an increasing number of factors. Identifying the nature of such interactions will be essential for understanding and predicting global change impacts on plants and soil.
Insights of intracellular/intercellular phosphate transport and signaling in unicellular green algae and multicellular land plants
Authors: Jia Xianqing , Wang Long , Zeng Houqing , Yi Keke 
Published: September 2021

SummaryPhosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth and development. Vacuoles play a fundamental role in the storage and remobilization of P in plants, while our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of creating and reusing P stores are limited. Besides, we also know very little about the coordination of intercellular P translocation, neither the inorganic phosphate (Pi) signaling nor the Pi transport patterns. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding the core elements involved in cellular and/or subcellular P homeostasis and signaling in unicellular green algae and multicellular land plants. We also propose further work that might help to uncover the high‐resolution intracellular and intercellular landscape of Pi distribution and signaling in plants.
mTERF18 and ATAD3 are required for mitochondrial nucleoid structure and their disruption confers heat tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kim Minsoo , Schulz Vincent , Brings Lea , Schoeller Theresa , Kühn Kristina , Vierling Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Mitochondria play critical roles in generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and produce both damaging and signaling reactive oxygen species (ROS). They have reduced genomes that encode essential subunits of the OXPHOS machinery. Mitochondrial Transcription tERmination Factor‐related (mTERF) proteins are involved in organelle gene expression, interacting with organellar DNA or RNA.

We previously found that mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana mTERF18/SHOT1 enable plants to better tolerate heat and oxidative stresses, presumably due to low ROS production and reduced oxidative damage.

Here we discover that shot1 mutants have greatly reduced OXPHOS complexes I and IV and reveal that suppressor of hot1‐4 1 (SHOT1) binds DNA and localizes to mitochondrial nucleoids, which are disrupted in shot1. Furthermore, three homologues of animal ATPase family AAA domain‐containing protein 3 (ATAD3), which is involved in mitochondrial nucleoid organization, were identified as SHOT1‐interacting proteins. Importantly, disrupting ATAD3 function disrupts nucleoids, reduces accumulation of complex I, and enhances heat tolerance, as is seen in shot1 mutants.

Our data link nucleoid organization to OXPHOS biogenesis and suggest that the common defects in shot1 mutants and ATAD3‐disrupted plants lead to critical changes in mitochondrial metabolism and signaling that result in plant heat tolerance.
Risk factors for anesthetic‐related complications in pediatric patients with a newly diagnosed mediastinal mass
Authors: Campbell Neal , Tsai Alex , Reading Brenton , Thompson Marita , Noel‐MacDonnell Janelle , Schwartz Randall , Sheeran Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric patients with a mediastinal mass can experience severe complications while undergoing anesthesia. Nearly, all published reviews involve either patients with an anterior mediastinal mass or patients with an oncologic disease.AimThe identification of risk factors for anesthetic‐related complications in pediatric patients with any type of mediastinal mass.MethodsFrom January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2019, patients with a newly diagnosed mediastinal mass that underwent anesthesia were retrospectively identified. Each patient's medical record was reviewed for presenting symptoms, preprocedure imaging results, the type of anesthetic delivered, and the occurrence of any anesthetic‐related complications. A complication was defined as severe hypoxia, severe hypotension, or loss of endtidal carbon dioxide.ResultsEighty‐six patients presented with a new mediastinal mass. Six of these patients (7%) had a complication. Complications were no more likely in patients with orthopnea than in patients without orthopnea (P = 1.00; relative risk (RR) = 0.95; 95% CI (0.1, 7.5). Complication rates in patients with anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinal masses were similar, as were complication rates in patients with large, medium, and small masses. Six of the 41 patients (15%) who had tracheal compression had a complication, while none of the 45 patients (0%) who did not have tracheal compression had a complication (p = .0096). Six of the 48 patients (13%) that were intubated had a complication, while none of the 38 patients (0%) who were not intubated had a complication (p = .032). Five of 36 patients (14%) who had mainstem bronchus compression had a complication, while one of 50 patients (2%) who did not have mainstem bronchus compression had a complication (p = .078; RR = 6.9l; 95% CI (0.8, 56.9)).ConclusionsAnesthetic‐related complications were associated with airway compression and endotracheal intubation. The absence of preprocedure orthopnea did not ensure that the anesthetic would be uncomplicated. Complications occurred in similar frequencies in patients with a mediastinal mass of any location or size.
Neratinib kills B‐RAF V600E melanoma via ROS‐dependent autophagosome formation and death receptor signaling
Authors: Dent Paul , Booth Laurence , Poklepovic Andrew , Kirkwood John M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMelanoma cells expressing mutant B‐RAF V600E are susceptible to treatment with the combination of a B‐RAF inhibitor and a MEK1/2 inhibitor. We investigated the impact of the ERBB family and MAP4K inhibitor neratinib on the biology of PDX isolates of cutaneous melanoma expressing B‐RAF V600E. Neratinib synergized with HDAC inhibitors to kill melanoma cells at their physiologic concentrations. Neratinib activated ATM, AMPK, ULK1, and PERK and inactivated mTORC1/2, ERK1/2, eIF2 alpha, and STAT3. Neratinib increased expression of Beclin1, ATG5, CD95, and FAS‐L and decreased levels of multiple toxic BH3 domain proteins, MCL1, BCL‐XL, FLIP‐s, and ERBB1/2/4. ATG13 S318 phosphorylation and autophagosome formation was dependent upon ATM, and activation of ATM was dependent on reactive oxygen species. Reduced expression of ERBB1/2/4 required autophagosome formation and reduced MCL1/BCL‐XL levels required eIF2 alpha phosphorylation. Maximal levels of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation required signaling by ATM‐AMPK and autophagosome formation. Knock down of eIF2 alpha, CD95, FAS‐L, Beclin1, and ATG5 or over‐expression of FLIP‐s significantly reduced killing. Combined knock down of Beclin1 and CD95 abolished cell death. Our data demonstrate that PDX melanoma cells expressing B‐RAF V600E are susceptible to being killed by neratinib and more so when combined with HDACi.
Externalizing behavior in healthy young adults is associated with lower cortisol responses to acute stress and altered neural activation in the dorsal striatum
Authors: Konzok Julian , Henze Gina‐Isabelle , Peter Hannah , Giglberger Marina , Bärtl Christoph , Massau Claudia , Kärgel Christian , Schiffer Boris , Eisenbarth Hedwig , Wüst Stefan , Kudielka Brigitte M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe externalizing spectrum is characterized by disinhibition, impulsivity, antisocial‐aggressive behavior as well as substance (mis)use. Studies in forensic samples and mentally impaired children suggested that higher rates of externalization are linked to lower cortisol stress responses and altered affect‐related neural activation. In this fMRI‐study, we investigated whether externalizing behavior in healthy participants is likewise associated with altered cortisol responses and neural activity to stress. Following a quasi‐experimental approach, we tested healthy participants (N = 61, 31 males) from the higher versus lower range of the non‐clinical variation in externalization (31 participants with high externalization) as assessed by the subscales disinhibition and meanness of the Triarchic‐Psychopathy‐Measure. All participants were exposed to ScanSTRESS, a standardized psychosocial stress paradigm for scanner environments. In both groups, ScanSTRESS induced a significant rise in cortisol levels with the high externalization group showing significantly lower cortisol responses to stress than the low externalization group. This was mainly driven by males. Further, individual increases in cortisol predicted neural response differences between externalization groups, indicating more activation in the dorsal striatum in low externalization. This was primarily driven by females. In contrast, post‐hoc analysis showed that hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis hyporeactivity in males was associated with prefrontal and hippocampal activation. Our data substantiate that individuals from the general population high on externalization, show reduced cortisol stress responses. Furthermore, dorsal striatum activity as part of the mesolimbic system, known to be sensitive to environmental adversity, seems to play a role in externalization‐specific cortisol stress responses. Beyond that, a modulating influence of gender was disclosed.
Working memory load reduces the processing of outcome evaluation involving others but not oneself: Event‐related potential evidence
Authors: Lin Huiyan , Liang Jiafeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious event‐related potential (ERP) studies have suggested that self‐related and non‐self‐related outcomes are processed simultaneously. However, the studies investigated situations in which individuals had sufficient attentional/cognitive resources to process both of the outcomes. It is unknown whether self‐related and non‐self‐unrelated outcomes could still be processed simultaneously when resources are limited. To address this issue, 32 female participants in the present study were asked to perform a working memory task. To manipulate the amount of available attentional/cognitive resources, participants were asked to memorize a letter in the low load condition and five letters in the high load condition. During letter consolidation, participants were informed that they and another player each performed a gambling task and were subsequently presented with both of the outcomes. ERP results showed that others’ monetary loss elicited larger P200 and late positive potential amplitudes than others’ monetary gain under a low working memory load, whereas a high load reduced these effects. However, working memory load did not influence the effect of self‐outcome on ERP responses. Therefore, the findings suggest that the amount of available attentional/cognitive resources alters the evaluation of non‐self‐related but not self‐related outcomes.
Social Cohesion: Mitigating Societal Risk in Case Studies of Digital Media in Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria
Authors: Gongora‐Svartzman Gabriela , Ramirez‐Marquez Jose E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNatural disasters affect thousands of communities every year, leaving behind human losses, billions of dollars in rebuilding efforts, and psychological affectation in survivors. How fast a community recovers from a disaster or even how well a community can mitigate risk from disasters depends on how resilient that community is. One main factor that influences communities' resilience is how a community comes together in times of need. Social cohesion is considered to be“the glue that holds society together, which can be better examined in a critical situation. There is no consensus on measuring social cohesion, but recent literature indicates that social media communications and communities play an essential role in today's disaster mitigation strategies.This research explores how to quantify social cohesion through social media outlets during disasters. The approach involves combining and implementing text processing techniques and graph network analysis to understand the relationships between nine different types of participants during hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria. Visualizations are employed to illustrate these connections, their evolution before, during, and after disasters, and the degree of social cohesion throughout their timeline. The proposed measurement of social cohesion through social media networks presented in this work can provide future risk management and disaster mitigation policies. This social cohesion measure identifies the types of actors in a social network and how this network varies daily. Therefore, decisionmakers could use this measure to release strategic communication before, during, and after a disaster strikes, thus providing relevant information to people in need.
Developing climate‐resilient crops: improving plant tolerance to stress combination
Authors: Rivero Rosa M. , Mittler Ron , Blumwald Eduardo , Zandalinas Sara I. 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYGlobal warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of different abiotic stresses, such as droughts, heat waves, cold snaps, and flooding, negatively affecting crop yields and causing food shortages. Climate change is also altering the composition and behavior of different insect and pathogen populations adding to yield losses worldwide. Additional constraints to agriculture are caused by the increasing amounts of human‐generated pollutants, as well as the negative impact of climate change on soil microbiomes. Although in the laboratory, we are trained to study the impact of individual stress conditions on plants, in the field many stresses, pollutants, and pests could simultaneously or sequentially affect plants, causing conditions of stress combination. Because climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of such stress combination events (e.g., heat waves combined with drought, flooding, or other abiotic stresses, pollutants, and/or pathogens), a concentrated effort is needed to study how stress combination is affecting crops. This need is particularly critical, as many studies have shown that the response of plants to stress combination is unique and cannot be predicted from simply studying each of the different stresses that are part of the stress combination. Strategies to enhance crop tolerance to a particular stress may therefore fail to enhance tolerance to this specific stress, when combined with other factors. Here we review recent studies of stress combinations in different plants and propose new approaches and avenues for the development of stress combination‐ and climate change‐resilient crops.
Prevention of Failure to Rescue in Obstetric Patients: A Realist Review
Authors: Bernstein Samantha L. , Kelechi Teresa J. , Catchpole Kenneth , Nemeth Lynne S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAt least 40% of maternal deaths are attributable to failure to rescue (FTR) events. Nurses are positioned to prevent FTR events, but there is minimal understanding of systems‐level factors affecting obstetric nurses when patients require rescue.AimsTo identify the nurse‐specific contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes underlying obstetric FTR and the interventions designed to prevent these events.MethodsA realist review was conducted to meet the aims. This review included literature from 1999 to 2020 to understand the systems‐level factors affecting obstetric nurses during FTR events using a human factors framework designed by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety.ResultsExisting interventions addressed the prevention of maternal death through education of clinicians, improved protocols for care and maternal transfer, and an emphasis on communication and teamwork.Linking Evidence to ActionFew researchers addressed task overload or connected employee and organizational outcomes with patient outcomes, and the physical environment was minimally considered. Future research is needed to understand how systems‐level factors affect nurses during FTR events.