bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of the 1,3-beta-d-glucan test and lactate dehydrogenase for pneumocystis pneumonia in non-HIV patients
Authors: Sun Ruixue , Lv Dan , Xiao Meng , Zhang Li , Xu Jun , Yu Xuezhong , Zhu Huadong , Yang Jing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the serum levels of (1–3)-beta-d-glucan (BG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a tool to support pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) diagnostic procedures in non-HIV patients. We retrospectively collected non-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) patients presenting clinical features of PCP between April 1st, 2013, and December 31st, 2018. A total of 225 included patients were tested for Pneumocystis jirovecii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and methenamine silver staining. Based on different exclusion criteria, 179 cases were included in the BG group, and 196 cases were included in the LDH group. In each group, cases with positive immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy and PCR were considered proven PCP, while cases with only positive PCR were considered probable PCP. Fifty patients with negative IF and PCR results and proven to be non-PCP infection were chosen randomly as the control group. The cut-off levels of BG and LDH to distinguish non-PCP from probable PCP were 110 pg/mL and 296 U/L with 88% sensitivity and 86% specificity, and 66% sensitivity and 88% specificity, respectively. The cut-off levels of BG and LDH to distinguish non-PCP from proven PCP were 285.8 pg/mL and 379 U/L with 92% sensitivity and 96% specificity, and 85% sensitivity and 77% specificity, respectively. The cut-off levels of BG and LDH to distinguish non-PCP from proven/probable PCP were 144.1 pg/mL and 363 U/L with 90% sensitivity, 86% specificity and 80% sensitivity, 76% specificity respectively. BG and LDH are reliable indicators for detecting P. jirovecii infection in HIV-uninfected immunocompromised patients.
Comparison of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery and conventional laparoscopic-assisted resection in the treatment effects of low rectal cancer
Authors: Zhu Yihao , Xiong Huan , Chen Yinggang , Liu Zheng , Jiang Zheng , Huang Rui , Gao Feng , Zhang Qian , Wang Meng , Jin Yinghu , Qiao Tianyu , Ma Tianyi , Hu Hanqing , Wang Xishan , Tang Qingchao , Wang Guiyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNatural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) is an intra-abdominal procedure that does not require an auxiliary incision to take a surgical sample from the abdominal wall through the natural orifice, but there are few systematic clinical studies on it. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of NOSES. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and follow-up of 165 patients with low rectal cancer who underwent NOSES or conventional laparoscopic surgery at our center from January 2013 to June 2015. From the perioperative data and postoperative follow-up results of both groups, patients in the NOSES group had less intraoperative bleeding (49.3 ± 55.8 ml vs. 75.1 ± 57.3 ml, p = 0.02), shorter postoperative gastrointestinal recovery (42.3 ± 15.5 h vs. 50.1 ± 17.0 h, p = 0.01), less postoperative analgesic use (35.6% vs. 57.6%, p = 0.02), lower postoperative pain scores, lower rate of postoperative complications (6.8% vs. 25.4%, p = 0.01), better satisfaction of the image and cosmesis of the abdominal wall postoperatively, and higher quality of life. Moreover, there was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between two groups. Overall, NOSES is a safe and reliable minimally invasive surgical technique for patients with low rectal cancer.
Slow viral propagation during initial phase of infection leads to viral persistence in mice
Authors: Xu Haifeng C. , Wang Ruifeng , Shinde Prashant V. , Walotka Lara , Huang Anfei , Poschmann Gereon , Huang Jun , Liu Wei , Stühler Kai , Schaal Heiner , Bergthaler Andreas , Pandyra Aleksandra A. , Hardt Cornelia , Lang Karl S. , Lang Philipp A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImmune evasion of pathogens can modify the course of infection and impact viral persistence and pathology. Here, using different strains of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) model system, we show that slower propagation results in limited type I interferon (IFN-I) production and viral persistence. Specifically, cells infected with LCMV-Docile exhibited reduced viral replication when compared to LCMV-WE and as a consequence, infection with LCMV-Docile resulted in reduced activation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and IFN-I production in vitro in comparison with LCMV-WE. In vivo, we observed a reduction of IFN-I, T cell exhaustion and viral persistence following infection of LCMV-Docile but not LCMV-WE. Mechanistically, block of intracellular protein transport uncovered reduced propagation of LCMV-Docile when compared to LCMV-WE. This reduced propagation was critical in blunting the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system. When mice were simultaneously infected with LCMV-Docile and LCMV-WE, immune function was restored and IFN-I production, T cell effector functions as well as viral loads were similar to that of mice infected with LCMV-WE alone. Taken together, this study suggests that reduced viral propagation can result in immune evasion and viral persistence.
ALMA observations of doubly deuterated water: inheritance of water from the prestellar environment
Authors: Jensen S. S. , Jørgensen J. K. , Kristensen L. E. , Coutens A. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Furuya K. , Harsono D. , Persson M. V. 
Published: April 2021

Context. Establishing the origin of the water D/H ratio in the Solar System is central to our understanding of the chemical trail of water during the star and planet formation process. Recent modeling suggests that comparisons of the D2O/HDO and HDO/H2O ratios are a powerful way to trace the chemical evolution of water and, in particular, determine whether the D/H ratio is inherited from the molecular cloud or established locally.
Aims. We seek to determine the D2O column density and derive the D2O/HDO ratios in the warm region toward the low-mass Class 0 sources B335 and L483. The results are compared with astrochemical models and previous observations to determine their implications for the chemical evolution of water.
Methods. We present ALMA observations of the D2O 11,0–10,1 transition at 316.8 GHz toward B335 and L483 at ≲0.′′5 (≲100 au) resolution, probing the inner warm envelope gas. The column densities of D2O, HDO, and H218O are determined by synthetic spectrum modeling and direct Gaussian fitting, under the assumption of a single excitation temperature and similar spatial extent for the three water isotopologs.
Results. D2O is detected toward both sources in the inner warm envelope. The derived D2O/HDO ratio is (1.0 ± 0.2) × 10−2 for L483 and (1.4 ± 0.1) × 10−2 for B335. These values indicate that the D2O/HDO ratio is higher than the HDO/H2O ratios by a factor of ≳2 toward both sources.
Conclusions. The high D2O/HDO ratios are a strong indication of chemical inheritance of water from the prestellar phase down to the inner warm envelope. This implies that the local cloud conditions in the prestellar phase, such as temperatures and timescales, determine the water chemistry at later stages and could provide a source of chemical differentiation in young systems. In addition, the observed D2O/H2O ratios support an observed dichotomy in the deuterium fractionation of water toward isolated and clustered protostars, namely, a higher D/H ratio toward isolated sources.
Prävention des Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Fritsche Andreas , Icks Andrea , Schulze Matthias , Szendrödi Julia 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGForschende des DZD (Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung) arbeiten daran, die unterschiedlichen Untergruppen des Diabetes und Prädiabetes zu identifizieren und für diese Untergruppen jeweils eine passende Vorbeugung zu entwickeln. Das zentrale Thema und Motto des Forschungsschwerpunkts Prävention des Typ-2-Diabetes ist es, die Hindernisse auf dem Weg hin zu einer erfolgreichen Diabetesprävention zu überwinden. Im Einzelnen werden grundlegende Mechanismen, die für Präventionsprozesse wesentlich sind, untersucht und diese in klinischen Studien getestet. Außerdem wird Prävention in die gesundheitliche Versorgung implementiert, unter Berücksichtigung der Patientenperspektive und wirtschaftlicher Aspekte. Somit verbinden sich Grundlagenforschung, klinische Forschung und Versorgungsforschung auf dem Gebiet der Prävention.
Einfluss von Genetik und Epigenetik auf die Entstehung von Diabetes
Authors: Beckers Johannes , Hrabě de Angelis Martin , Schürmann Annette 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGenetische Prädisposition, Ernährung und körperliche Aktivität sind Faktoren, die das Auftreten eines Typ-2-Diabetes beeinflussen. In dem Forschungsschwerpunkt (Academy) „Einfluss von Genetik und Epigenetik auf die Entstehung von Diabetes“ suchen Forschende des DZD (Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung) nach Genen, die für den Stoffwechsel wichtig sind. Ist die Wirkung dieser Gene aufgrund von Mutationen gestört, so kann dies zu einem erhöhten Diabetes-Risiko führen. Doch nicht nur der genetische Code selbst beeinflusst das Diabetes-Risiko. Auch der Lebensstil kann Einfluss darauf nehmen, in welchem Ausmaß bestimmte Gene abgelesen werden (Epigenetik). Aktuelle Untersuchungen zeigen, dass sich bereits einige Jahre vor der Diagnose eines Typ-2-Diabetes bei den Betroffenen epigenetische Veränderungen in Blutzellen und in den Langerhans-Inseln der Bauchspeicheldrüse feststellen lassen.
Folgeerkrankungen des Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Herzig Stephan , Thorand Barbara , Peters Annette , Ziegler Dan 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDiabetes kann zu verschiedenen schwerwiegenden Komplikationen führen wie kardiovaskuläre Komorbiditäten, Neuropathie, Retinopathie, Nephropathie, nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankungen (NAFLD) und auch Krebs. Um solche Folgen künftig vermeiden bzw. hinauszögern zu können, gilt es zu erkennen, welche Patienten ein besonders hohes Risiko für Komplikationen haben. Ziel des Forschungsschwerpunkts „Folgeerkrankungen des Diabetes“ ist es, neue Wege zur Prävention, zur verbesserten Behandlung oder sogar zur Heilung von Folgeerkrankungen von Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes zu erforschen. Die DZD-Forschenden vermuten, dass häufige diabetische Langzeitkomplikationen auf einer dysfunktionalen Verstoffwechslung von Glukose und Lipiden in den frühen Stadien der Krankheitsmanifestation beruhen, was zur Bildung toxischer Metabolite und oxidativem Stress, Carbonyl-Stress und Entzündungsreaktionen führt. Dies kann wiederum die DNA schädigen und langfristig die Organfunktion beeinträchtigen.
Rescue Thrombectomy for Early Hepatic Artery Thrombosis Using Stent Retriever in a Child Post Combined Deceased Donor Liver and Renal Transplant
Authors: Yadav Manish Kumar , Unni Madhavan , Ali Shabeer , Rather Shiraz Ahmed , Venugopal B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report this case of a 5-year-old child post combined liver and renal transplant for primary hyperoxaluria. Patient developed hepatic artery thrombosis on day 3 posttransplant that was managed by reexploration and reanastomosis of the hepatic artery. On day 4, the patient again developed hepatic artery thrombosis that failed to revascularize by surgical exploration and reanastomosis. Tissue plasminogen activator was injected into the hepatic artery intraoperatively to lyse any clot; however, no revascularization could be achieved. Subsequently, catheter angiogram confirmed no flow in the hepatic artery. A4 × 22 mm revive stent retriever was deployed across the site of occlusion and retrieved after 5 minutes of indwell time. Two such passes were made and complete recanalization of the hepatic artery was achieved. The hepatic artery remained patent as confirmed on serial Doppler images post intervention.
Prospective Analysis of Coagulopathy Associated with Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Krishna Gopal , Aggarwal Varun , Singh Ishwar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects the coagulation pathway in a distinct way than does extracranial trauma. The extent of coagulation abnormalities varies from bleeding diathesis to disseminated thrombosis.Design Prospective study.Methods The study included 50 patients of isolated TBI with cohorts of moderate (MHI) and severe head injury (SHI). Coagulopathy was graded according to the values of parameters in single laboratory. The incidence of coagulopathy according to the severity of TBI and correlation with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score, platelets, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer, and fibrinogen was observed. The comparison was also made between expired and discharged patients within each group. It also compared coagulation derailments with clinical presentation (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS]) and outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS]).Results Road traffic accident was the primary (72%) mode of injury. Fifty-two percent had MHI and rest had SHI. Eighty-four percent of cases were managed conservatively. The mean GCS was 12.23 and 5.75 in MHI and SHI, respectively. Sixty-two percent of MHI and 96% of the patients with SHI had coagulation abnormalities. On statistical analysis, DIC score (p < 0.001) strongly correlated with the severity of head injury and GOS. PT and APTT were also significantly associated with the severity of TBI. In patients with moderate TBI, D-dimer and platelet counts showed association with clinical outcome. Fibrinogen levels did not show any statistical significance. The mean platelet counts remained normal in both the groups of TBI. The mean GOS was 1.54 and 4.62 in SHI and MHI, respectively.Conclusion Coagulopathy is common in isolated TBI. The basic laboratory parameters are reliable predictors of coagulation abnormalities in TBI. Coagulopathy is directly associated with the severity of TBI, GCS, and poor outcome.
Atypical Moyamoya Disease Associated with Midaortic Syndrome
Authors: Bhargava Nishant , Singh Vivek , Sahu Chandradev 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report a case of a 4-year-old boy who presented with moyamoya disease associated with midaortic syndrome. He had been treated for severe persistent hypertension until he suffered multiple episodes of seizure and cerebral ischemic attack. Cerebral angiography showed bilateral terminal internal carotid artery stenosis. Angiographic survey showed severe stenosis of abdominal aorta and bilateral proximal renal arteries. This is a very rare report of moyamoya disease with midaortic syndrome.
Restoration-as-development? Contesting Aspirational Politics Regarding the Restoration of Wildlife Corridors in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania
Authors: Matejcek Astrid , Verne Julia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDue to recent land-use change, wildlife migration through the Kilombero Valley has almost come to a standstill. In line with global restoration efforts, the African Wildlife Foundation has thus been given the task of implementing the Restoration Opportunity Assessment Methodology (ROAM), recently developed by IUCN and the World Resources Institute to foster the restoration of wildlife corridors in the area. Designed as a collaborative endeavour, it is in processes such as these that the aspirations of global restoration policies are confronted with specific local contexts. By focusing on specific situations and encounters, especially regarding the participatory aspects of the project, we illustrate how global policy aspirations are appropriated, partly contested and partly played along with, before finally turning into something of an illusion. This way, this article not only questions the more optimistic claims made for ‘conservation-as-development’, it also argues that a better understanding of the plurality of local aspirations and the ways in which they interact with the project’s goals is needed if global policy aspirations are to be realized more successfully.
Lachnellula willkommii (European larch canker).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The European larch canker pathogen, L. willkommii, is apparently native to Japan, but established in Europe, where it became well known due to its damage to plantations of exotic and native Larix species, beginning in the nineteenth century. It attacks and spreads among the various species of Larix once it has been introduced. It was detected as an invasive to North America on two occasions; once in the northeastern USA in the 1920s (Hahn and Ayres, 1936) and once in the eastern maritime provinces of Canada in the 1980s (Magasi and Pond, 1982). Efforts to prevent its introduction across natural barriers include regulation and restriction of trade and transport of susceptible species and bark-bearing products made from them. Control by destruction of infected plants or plant parts is often made difficult by the size of the trees concerned (Tegethoff, 1965). Local spread of the fungus between trees appears to depend on dissemination and survival of airborne ascospores. Climatic conditions of humidity and temperature appear to limit natural spread from regions of establishment (Ostaff, 1985).
High-power Yb:YAG thin-rod amplifier for use in a regenerative amplifier based on dual-slab Yb:KGW crystals
Authors: Lee Byunghak , Jeong Bosu , Kim Jun Wan , Sall Elena G , Kim Chur , Park Seolwon , Heo Duchang , Chizhov Sergey A , Yang Juhee , Yashin Vladimir E , Kim Guang-Hoon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a hybrid chirped pulse amplification femtosecond laser amplification system with which to realize a Yb:KGW regenerative amplifier (RGA) and a Yb:YAG thin-rod amplifier. The combination of RGA based on dual Yb:KGW crystals and a thin-rod Yb:YAG amplifier with a high gain brings about output power up to 46 W before and 29.2 W after pulse compression down to 277 fs at a repetition rate of 200 kHz. The gain-narrowing effect was complemented by a combination of different types of gain-medium amplification. The results show that the output power of a Yb:KGW-based amplifier can be amplified simply by using a Yb:YAG thin-rod amplifier while suppressing the broadening of the pulse duration by gain narrowing.
Encapsulating silica into PAA/FGODs/PPy for conductive hydrogels
Authors: Yang Yongqiang , Wang Qun , Wu Xiaochen , Wang Qinsheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hydrogels crosslinked by polyacrylic acid (PAA) own good mechanical properties and strong tensile strength, can remain stable during long-term cycling and do not fail due to fracture. As a model of electrode active materials, nano silica was encapsulated into a composite hydrogel of functional graphene quantum dots (FGQDs), polypyrrole (PPy) and PAA to obtain a FGQDs/PAA/Si/PPy hydrogel. The nanostructure and conductivity of FGQDs/PAA/Si/PPy hydrogels were analysed, and the hydrogels were promising as aqueous binders.
The Effect of Deposition Time on The Properties of FeCrAl Coating on Molybdenum Alloy
Authors: Xi Sha , An Geng , Zhang Xiao , Liu Ren-Zhi , Wu Ji-Na , Zhou Sha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The FeCrAl coating was deposited on the surface of Molybdenum alloy by unbalanced magnetron sputtering, and the effect of deposition time on the composition, microstructure and properties of the coating was investigated. Characterized by XRD, SEM, German Standard (VDI3198(1991), indentation method) and ASTM C633-01 standard tensile analysis, the results show that the coating phase prepared at different deposition time is FeCrNi solid solution with BCC structure and the microstructure is ridge structure. With the increase of deposition time, the ridge structure on the surface of the film is more uniform, and its thickness increased from 21.6μm to 42.3μm. When the coating thickness is 42.3μm, the average bonding strength between the coating and the substrate is 39.7MPa, which meets the preparation requirements of the molybdenum alloy surface coating.
Progress and challenges in finite element simulation of nanoindentation of ion-irradiated materials
Authors: Shui Shengjie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, nanoindentation technology has been recognized as an effective method to test the mechanical properties of materials at the micro-nano scale. It is widely used in various fields of material science and is currently used in the testing of mechanical properties of ion-irradiated materials. New phenomenon and problems by the combination of nanoindentation technology and ion irradiation have been discovered. The finite element method is a numerical simulation method suitable for simulating this physical process. Using finite element simulation, we can develop a deeper understanding of the physical process. This article reviews some studies on the measurement of the mechanical properties of ion-irradiated materials with nanoindentation technology and their simulations, summarizes the characteristics of the current theoretical model, and discusses the key physical problems encountered in the simulation process and current solutions in order to support further analysis of the nanoindentation mechanism of ion-irradiated materials.
Organic Molecules: Desirable Candidates for NIR-II Window Bioimaging
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Xiao Wei , Wang Ruiyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The second near infrared (NIR-II) window in optical wavelength of 1000–1700 nm have become a hot topic in bioimaging, especially in vivo imaging. Compared to the first near infrared (NIR-I) window (700-900 nm), NIR-II fluorescence imaging has advantages including low auto-fluorescence, high signal-to-background ratio, deep penetration, and high resolution. Among many fluorescence imaging constracting agents, organic probe has benefits of low toxicity, easy structure tunability, high excretion rate, and good biocompatibility. Meanwhile, conjugated polymer nanoparticles can also be used in photoacoustic imaging. This review focuses on recent progress in development of NIR-II probe in optical imaging and photoacoustic imaging.
Increasing the Theoretical Efficiency of The Spark-Ignition Engine Cycle by Adding Inert Gas at Part-Load
Authors: Paluch Maciej , Noga Marcin , Lisowska Aleksandra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents calculations of the theoretical efficiency of the spark ignition engine cycle. Calculations of the efficiency of the Otto cycle were carried out with the use of throttling to a certain value of manifold vacuum in relation to atmospheric pressure, which is to simulate the operation of a real engine in the partial load range. The determined efficiency is the benchmark for determining the efficiency of the same cycle with a decreasing of throttling by adding an inert gas in the form of argon. This approach, apart from limiting the pumping work in the comparative cycle, increases the isentropic exponent in the compression and expansion processes, and thus translates into an increase in the efficiency of the considered cycle. The calculations were performed for various ranges of throttling pressure with the use of air and air with argon addition. The results are compiled in the form of a 3D diagram, taking into account the limiting ranges of throttling pressures and maintaining the ratio of argon mass to air mass at a certain level not exceeding 20% of the air mass involved in the process. Up to about 5.4% increase in the cycle efficiency was observed with an argon addition of 20% by weight. The obtained results are the basis for conducting research on a real object.