bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation between the distance from mandibular retromolar foramen to mandibular angle and lower third molar using panoramic radiographs
Authors: Alakkad Hani , Aljoujou Abeer , Alhaffar MHD Bahaa Aldin , Kouchaji Chaza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Third molars are the last to erupt in the permanent teeth series. These teeth are the most likely to be impacted this research aims to evaluate whether the distance between mandibular retromolar foramen and mandibular angle renders different results in case of absence or presence of lower third molar in both genders.Methods: A respective study conducted on 186 the distance between mandibular retromolar foramen and mandibular angle were examined on Digital panoramic radiograph (DPR). The radiographs were grouped according to Absence or presence of left lower third molar and subject gender. A logistic regression model was created using the statistically significant data.Results: The lower third molar impaction on the distance between mandibular retromolar foramen and mandibular angle was not significantly different between mean groups (absence and presence) when gender is disregard. The distance between the two was significantly increased in the male subgroup.Conclusion: The relation between the distance between mandibular retromolar foramen and mandibular angle and third molar using panoramic radiographs showed no fundamental difference in the distance between mandibular retromolar foramen and mandibular angle in case of absence or presence of lower third molar when gender is disregard.
An improved estimation method for vehicle velocity of distributed drive electric vehicle
Authors: Xiang Qingqing , Liu Zhiqiang , Liu Guang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, Simulink and Carsim are combined to study the velocity estimation of distributed drive electric vehicles. Firstly, the minimum co-simulation system is established to complete the design and debugging of the algorithm. Then, a new algorithm combining unscented Kalman filter and strong tracking filter is proposed based on the vehicle estimation model. The accuracy and real-time performance of the velocity estimation algorithm are validated by simulation under snake-shaped driving conditions with different road adhesion coefficients. Finally, an experimental test is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in estimating vehicle velocity.
dePression, ANxiety, and acaDEMImiC performance in COVID- 19: The PANDEMIC study: A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Barbosa-Camacho Francisco José , Romero-Limón Olaya Moramay , Ibarrola-Peña Juan Carlos , Almanza-Mena Yolanda Lorelei , Pintor-Belmontes Kevin Josue , Sánchez-López Veronica Alexandra , Chejfec-Ciociano Jonathan Matias , Guzmán-Ramírez Bertha Georgina , Fuentes-Orozco Clotilde , Cortés-Flores Ana Olivia , Miranda-Ackerman Roberto Carlos , Cervantes-Cardona Guillermo Alonso , Cervantes-Guevara Gabino , González-Ojeda Alejandro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAfter almost nine months of social isolation, the high incidence of depression and anxiety is understandable. However, depression and anxiety can adversely affect the quality of life. One of the biggest challenges in this global pandemic is providing education within public and private academic institutes.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey distributed online from April to June 2020. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression screening scale and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 screening scale to identify the presence of mental health disorders such as depression or anxiety in undergraduate and graduate students. We used the Academic Self-Concept Scale to determine whether these disorders altered students' perception of their academic performance.ResultsA total of 610 students answered the survey: 386 female (63.3%) and 224 male (36.7%). Most students (71.5%) had not participated in online courses before. When asked about their class preferences, 581 students (95.2%) preferred to be taught in classes. The average Academic Self-Concept Scale score was 2.76 ± 0.35. The Academic Self-Concept Scale scores were divided into Confidence and Effort categories, and their respective mean scores were 2.71 ± 0.37 and 2.82 ± 0.45. The total mean Patient Health Questionnarie-9 scores were 11.94 ± 6.90, and the mean General Anxiety Disorder-7 score was 10.30 ± 5.66. There were significant effects of the severity of depression and anxiety on the Academic Self-Concept Scale scores (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that changing from classroom-based teaching to online delivery is not a challenge for students in the normal situation. However, being quarantined can be stressful and frustrating, which may challenge effective learning.Trial registrationThe study protocol was submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov and registered with the identifier: NCT04420416.
Species Sensitivity Distribution of Dichlorvos in Surface Water Species
Authors: Bustos Nahuel Jano , Iriel Analia , Cirelli Alicia Fernández , Cedergreen Nina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During the last years, dichlorvos has had an extremely high occurrence in monitoring campaigns, showing concentrations that would result in severe environmental impact. Environmental quality concentrations (EQC) for dichlorvos in surface waters vary by more than two orders of magnitude among different regulations. Regulatory EQC-values are based on toxicity data where species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are mostly used as a basis. Hence, what makes the difference between the different national and regional EQC-values? And will they all protect the aquatic fauna? To investigate these questions, we constructed an SSD based on our laboratory data and compared this with SSDs based on literature data for technical and formulated products and species of different taxa. Finally, we compared the SSD-derived EQCs with a meta-study on monitored environmental concentrations to determined the EQC-exceedance. The following hypotheses were tested: (i) formulated dichlorvos will result in lower EQCs, as formulated products may include synergists; (ii) different taxon will have different sensitivities with arthropods being the most sensitive group; (iii) environmental concentration of dichlorvos represents a risk for aquatic organisms. As a result, experimental SSD defined a protective concentration of 6.5 ng L-1 for 5% of the species, which is in line with the European limit values, but one to two-fold lower than the limit values of the USA, China, and Argentina. The EQCs of three of the four regions included in this study are therefore not enough to protect the aquatic fauna.
The Effects of Additional Two Bendings on Manufacturing Thin-walled Tube made of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by New Compound Extrusion
Authors: Li lin xing , Hu HongJun , Hu Gang , Zhang Ou 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To explore the effects of process parameters on evolution of extrusion forces and temperatures and strains and microstructures for composite extrusion of magnesium alloy tube which includes initial direct extrusion and some steps bending processes subsequently,which is shorten for “TEB” in this paper.The TEB process has been researched by using finite element modeling (FEM) method. The rules of extrusion temperatures and the extrusion forces varying with process parameters have been developed. A TEB process with installed container and die has been constructed to perform tests in order to validate the FEM model with different process conditions. And the microstructures evolution have been researched based on effective strains development. The results showed that refined and uniform microstructures can be achieved by TEB process. The research results showed that the process would produce the serve plastic deformation and improve the recrystallization of the grains.The comparison of FEM simulation and experimental results have been made to obtain the relative important principles of TEB process.
Modified CO2&nbsp;Laser-assisted Deep Sclerectomy Compared With Conventional Tabeculectomy in Chinese Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Zhang Yang , Mao Jin , Zhou Qi , Li Lüe , Zhang Shunhua , Bian Ailing , Cheng Gangwei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (MCLASS) compared with conventional trabeculectomy (TRAB) in medically uncontrolled Chinese primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.Methods: A total of 87 patients were reviewed, including 45 in the MCLASS group and 42 in the TRAB group. Intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and use of supplemental medical therapy were retrospectively compared at baseline and until 24 months postoperatively.Results: Patients in both groups achieved a significant IOP decrease from baseline (P < 0.001), and postoperative IOP in the MCLASS group was significantly lower than that of the TRAB group at 12 and 24 months. The reduction of medication was statistically significant in both groups, and the number of postoperative medications was significantly higher in the TRAB group at 12 and 24 months. At 12 and 24 months, the complete success rates were 60% and 53.3%, respectively, for MCLASS versus 66.7% and 59.5%, respectively, for TRAB; the qualified success rates were 91.1% and 88.9%, respectively, for MCLASS versus 83.3% and 80.9%, respectively, for TRAB. BCVA deterioration post-TRAB was clinically more serious than that of post-MCLASS at 12 and 24 months, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at any time point postoperatively. Compared with MCLASS, more complications occurred postoperatively in the TRAB group. Conclusion: MCLASS is an effective surgical option for Chinese POAG patients, showing success rate results comparable with TRAB while having greater IOP reduction, fewer medications and a lower risk of complications compared to TRAB up to 24 months.
Identifying Factors Associated with the Level of Child Malnutrition in India: Observations from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey
Authors: Khan Nizamuddin , Acharya Rajib , Agrawal Praween Kumar , Porwal Akash , Ashraf Sana , Johnston Robert , Sarna Avina , Ramesh Sowmya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is a complex phenomenon that has become a universal problem inhibiting human development. India is home of disproportionate height and weight of children including anemia are sign of malnutrition. This study aimed to examine child malnutrition by considering three parameters—stunting (short), underweight (thin), and/or anaemia—among children aged 1–9 years. Methods: This study used nationally representative data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS). The analytic sample was restricted to 25,885 children aged 1–9 years for whom data on height, weight, and haemoglobin level was available. This analytic sample was not significantly different from the total sample of 69,413. Based on World Health Organisation’s (WHO) cut-off for child growth standards, child malnutrition is defined as ‘severe’ if a child has suffered all 3 parameters—stunting, underweight, and anaemia, ‘mild/moderate’ if a child has suffered 1 or 2 parameters and ‘none’ if a child has not suffered from any of the 3 parameters. Univariate and bivariate analysis were used for descriptive associations and marginal effects probabilities were calculated using the ordinal logit regression model to identify the correlates of severe malnutrition. Results: Nine percent of children aged 1-9 years were severely malnourished in the country. The prevalence of malnutrition declined considerably with increasing age of children—13% in children aged 1–4 years to 6% in children aged 5–9 years. Severe malnutrition was significantly higher among higher birth order children, children born to illiterate mothers, children belonging to Scheduled Tribes and poor families, children living in rural areas and the eastern region of the country. Zinc deficiency was found more (22%, 95% CI:18.2–26.0) among severely malnourished children as compared to normal children (16%, 95% CI:13.9–17.3). Conclusions: Malnutrition is widely prevalent in children belonging to illiterate mothers, Scheduled Tribes, poor families, rural areas, and eastern region of the country. Frontline workers should identify such vulnerable children through regular monitoring of height, weight, and haemoglobin testing in their coverage areas.
Healthcare-associated Invasive Klebsiella Pneumoniae Infections in Chinese Pediatric Patients: Risk Factors, Outcomes and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Zeng Mei , Qiu Yue , Lin Daojiong , Xu Yi , Cheng Yibing , Wang Fang , Zhu Qingxiong , Zhu Chunhui , Wan Chaomin , Zhu Yu , Tong Jianning , Chen Minxia , Li Rui , Zhou Qionghua , Shan Qingwen , Zhou Zhiqiang , Wang Caihong , Song Wen , Zhao Shiyong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:High prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has become a serious clinical concern in China. This study first described the risk factors, outcomes and antimicrobial resistance pattern of healthcare-associated KP infections in Chinese pediatric patients.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted in the nine tertiary hospitals during 2016-2018. The 324 pediatric inpatients who had KP isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid and had complete medical records reviewed were included. We analyzed the risk factors, outcomes and antimicrobial resistance pattern of KP-infected patients based on comparison between healthcare-associated KP infections (HAI) and community-acquired infections.Result:Of the 324 enrolled patients, 275 (84.9%) were clinically defined as HAI, including 175 (63.6%) neonates and 100 (36.4%) aged >28 days. The overall prevalence of CRKP was 35.8% (40.4% in HAI verse 10.2% in CAI, P <0.05). Prematurity (odds ratio (OR):37.07, 95% CI:8.29-165.84), hematologic malignancies (OR:15.52, 95% CI:1.89-127.14) and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR:13.09, 95% CI: 1.66-103.56) were independent risk factors for HAI. Patients from rural area (OR: 1.78, 95% CI:1.06-2.99), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR:1.79, 95% CI: 1.01-3.19), antibiotic therapy prior to admission (OR: 1.88, 95% CI:1.07-3.29) and prior hospital stay in the past 30 days (OR: 2.17, 95% CI:1.26-3.73) were associated with healthcare-associated CRKP infections. Organ dysfunction was independently correlated with poor outcomes (OR:2.92, 95% CI: 1.23-6.95)Conclusions:Pediatric invasive KP infections and high prevalence of CRKP infections largely occurred in health-care settings in China. The adequate and intensified infection control measures should be focused on high-risk hematologic patients, neonatal patients and intubated patients.
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety After Replacement of Methyl Hydrogen With Deuterium at 7-position Methyl Formate of Clopidogrel
Authors: Xu Zhiping , Miao Yujia , Wu Tianlong , Chen Liang , Gao Mingyue , Sun Yantong , Liu Yingze , Niu Jinjin , Cai Deqi , Li Xiaohua , Chen Chen , Liu Shengyang , Gu Jingkai , Cao Xia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and PurposeAs a first-line clinical drug, thienopyridines still have many unsatisfactory aspects, such as the low bioavailability of clopidogrel and the high bleeding risk of prasugrel. Our team synthesized deuterium clopidogrel(the patent has been obtained in China) to alleviate the deficiency of CLP in clinical application, such as a slow onset, greater influence of gene polymorphism and drug-drug interaction. Experimental ApproachMolecular docking technology was used to analyze the affinity between deuterium clopidogrel and P2Y12 receptor; The levels of active metabolites of deuterium clopidogrel in vivo were detected by HPLC/MS-MS and the activities of main metabolic enzymes was analyzed; Subsequently, platelet aggregation function, thrombus model were used to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of deuterium clopidogrel; Finally, the safety of deuterium clopidogrel were evaluated by blood routine, PT, APTT, bleeding time, serological tests, liver pathological biopsy, liver cell apoptosis and apoptosis-related protein detection. Key ResultsThe introduction of deuterium makes the binding of clopidogrel to P2Y12 receptor more stable, improves the concentration of active metabolites, reduces the inhibition of major metabolic enzymes including CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, leading to the better anti-platelet effect without increasing the risk of bleeding, and leads to the decrease in the degree of hepatocyte apoptosis.
Tool Path Planning for Five-Axis U-Pass Milling of an Impeller
Authors: Feng J.Y. , Wei Z.C. , Wang M.J. , Wang X.Q. , Guo M.L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
U-pass milling is a roughing method that combines the characteristics of flank milling with conventional trochoidal milling. The tool cuts in and out steadily, and the tool–workpiece wrap angle is maintained within a small range. This method can smooth the cutting force and reduce the peak cutting force while avoiding cutting heat accumulation, which can significantly improve the processing efficiency and reduce tool wear. In this study, a tool path model is established for U-pass milling, and the characteristic parameters of the path are defined. Through a comparative test of three-axis groove milling, it is demonstrated that the peak value and average value of the cutting force are reduced by 25% and 60%, respectively. An impeller runner is considered as the processing object, and the milling boundary parameters are pretreated. A tiling micro-arc mapping algorithm is proposed, which maps the three-dimensional boundary to the two-dimensional parameter domain plane with the arc length as the coordinate axis, and the dimensionally reduced tool contact point distribution form is obtained. The geometric domain tool position point and the interference-free tool axis vector are obtained by calculating the bidirectional proportional domain of the runner and the inverse mapping of any vector in the parameter domain. Finally, the calculation results are nested into the automatically programmed tool (APT) encoding form, and the feasibility of the five-axis U-pass milling tool path planning method is verified through a numerical example.
A Method for Isolated Worker/ Worker from Home to produce Diary-Based Performance Evidence: A Qualitative Study.
Authors: Chen Ching-I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: With the rise of internet usage and the global spread of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, work from home or isolated working style has become a norm and inevitable to both employers and employees. At the same time, existing/traditional performance appraisal methods are inadequate to respond to this working model and require improvements for better competency.Objective: Using holistic events documentary and subsequent statistical report, the performance evidence of appraisees can be produced in a standardized way, so that the raters can conduct the appraisal based on the official release data and relevant statements presented by the ratee. Method: Based on the field survey of members in modern enterprises/ organizations, an activity classification (i.e., Job Breakdown Structure; JBS) is maneuvered under the guidance of the grounded theory. It combines the prior agreement between both parties (employer and employee) by using an activity dictionary, and an on-duty shorthand method is ready for any worker to document their daily efforts. The mentioned recording efforts are to produce a standard diary log and weekly man-hours statistics/reports. Then, statistical data during the social exchange period is generated, and it can be summarized as his/ her Diary-Based Performance Evidence (DBPE), to facilitate the employee to present oneself in any performance appraisal system. Results: The performance evidence-producing method described in this paper is shown to be competent in appraising the isolated workers/ worker from home to defend their efforts with official release statistical data and his/her supplement statements.Conclusions: With the proposed JBS method, an activity dictionary is used to make a prior agreement between employer and employee. A shorthand method is implemented to facilitate workers, both isolated and work from home, to document their work logs on duty. It is shown to be useful in assisting both the isolated workers and the raters in the performance appraisal process. The proposed method is practical, can easily produce standardize DBPE, and applicable to workers both isolated and work from home, as well as workers of other working styles. Keywords: Job breakdown structure (JBS); Activity dictionary (AD); Participatory performance appraisal system (PPAS); Work from Home (WFH); Diary-based performance evidence (DBPE).
Amine Modification of Calcium Phosphates by Low-Pressure CH4/N2/He Plasma for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Kodama Joe , Harumningtyas Anjar Anggraini , Ito Tomoko , Michlíček Miroslav , Sugimoto Satoshi , Ukon Yuichiro , Kushioka Junichi , Okada Rintaro , Kamatani Takashi , Hashimoto Kunihiko , Tateiwa Daisuke , Tsukazaki Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Shinichi , Takenaka Shota , Makino Takahiro , Sakai Yusuke , Nečas David , Zajíčková Lenka , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Kaito Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Calcium phosphates are promising materials for artificial bone but lack of satisfied osteogenic ability on their surfaces. In the present study, we applied a low-pressure plasma technology to chemically (amine) modify the surface of calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite or beta-tricalcium phosphate) using a CH4/N2/He plasm gas mixture to improve their osteogenic ability. The CH4/N2/He plasma treatment produced a thin, stable amine-rich carbon polymer on the surface of the calcium phosphates, and enhanced hydrophilicity, deep infiltration of cells into porous calcium phosphates, cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation on the surface of calcium phosphates. In a rat calvarial defect model, the CH4/N2/He plasma treatment afforded calcium phosphates a significant higher bone regeneration capacity. Together, these results suggest that surface modification of calcium phosphates with CH4/N2/He plasma might improve osteogenic ability of calcium phosphates in vitro and in vivo.