bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Inpatient Flow at a Major Hospital Using Interpretable Analytics
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Pauphilet Jean , Stevens Jennifer , Tandon Manu 
Published: June 2021

Problem definition: Translate data from electronic health records (EHR) into accurate predictions on patient flows and inform daily decision making at a major hospital. Academic/practical relevance: In a constrained hospital environment, forecasts on patient demand patterns could help match capacity and demand and improve hospital operations. Methodology: We use data from 63,432 admissions at a large academic hospital (50% female, median age 64 years old, median length of stay 3.12 days). We construct an expertise-driven patient representation on top of their EHR data and apply a broad class of machine learning methods to predict several aspects of patient flows. Results: With a unique patient representation, we estimate short-term discharges, identify long-stay patients, predict discharge destination, and anticipate flows in and out of intensive care units with accuracy in the 80%+ range. More importantly, we implement this machine learning pipeline into the EHR system of the hospital and construct prediction-informed dashboards to support daily bed placement decisions. Managerial implications: Our study demonstrates that interpretable machine learning techniques combined with EHR data can be used to provide visibility on patient flows. Our approach provides an alternative to deep learning techniques that is equally accurate, interpretable, frugal in data and computational power, and production ready. History: This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Section on Responsible Research in Operations Management. Funding: The research was funded by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0971 .
Trajectories of pain and function in the first five years after total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Dainty Jack R. , Smith Toby O. , Clark Emma M. , Whitehouse Michael R. , Price Andrew J. , MacGregor Alexander J. 
Published: June 2021

Aims To determine the trajectories of patient reported pain and functional disability over five years following total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A prospective, longitudinal cohort sub-study within the National Joint Registry (NJR) was undertaken. In all, 20,089 patients who underwent primary THA and 22,489 who underwent primary TKA between 2009 and 2010 were sent Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) questionnaires at six months, and one, three, and five years postoperatively. OHS and OKS were disaggregated into pain and function subscales. A k-means clustering procedure assigned each patient to a longitudinal trajectory group for pain and function. Ordinal regression was used to predict trajectory group membership using baseline OHS and OKS score, age, BMI, index of multiple deprivation, sex, ethnicity, geographical location, and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade. Results Data described two discrete trajectories for pain and function: ‘level 1’ responders (around 70% of cases) in whom a high level of improvement is sustained over five years, and ‘level 2’ responders who had sustained improvement, but at a lower level. Baseline patient variables were only weak predictors of pain trajectory and modest predictors of function trajectory. Those with worse baseline pain and function tended to show a greater likelihood of following a ‘level 2’ trajectory. Six-month patient-reported outcome measures data reliably predicted the class of five-year outcome trajectory for both pain and function. Conclusion The available preoperative patient variables were not reliable predictors of postoperative pain and function after THA and TKA. Reviewing patient outcomes at six months postoperatively is a reliable indicator of outcome at five years. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1111–1118.
Orthoplastic management of open tibial fractures in children
Authors: Smith James Richard Alexander , Fox Clare E. , Wright Thomas C. , Khan Umraz , Clarke Anna M. , Monsell Fergal P. 
Published: June 2021

Aims Open tibial fractures are limb-threatening injuries. While limb loss is rare in children, deep infection and nonunion rates of up to 15% and 8% are reported, respectively. We manage these injuries in a similar manner to those in adults, with a combined orthoplastic approach, often involving the use of vascularised free flaps. We report the orthopaedic and plastic surgical outcomes of a consecutive series of patients over a five-year period, which includes the largest cohort of free flaps for trauma in children to date. Methods Data were extracted from medical records and databases for patients with an open tibial fracture aged < 16 years who presented between 1 May 2014 and 30 April 2019. Patients who were transferred from elsewhere were excluded, yielding 44 open fractures in 43 patients, with a minimum follow-up of one year. Management was reviewed from the time of injury to discharge. Primary outcome measures were the rate of deep infection, time to union, and the Modified Enneking score. Results The mean age of the patients was 9.9 years (2.8 to 15.8), and 28 were male (64%). A total of 30 fractures (68%) involved a motor vehicle collision, and 34 (77%) were classified as Gustilo Anderson (GA) grade 3B. There were 17 (50%) GA grade 3B fractures, which were treated with a definitive hexapod fixator, and 33 fractures (75%) were treated with a free flap, of which 30 (91%) were scapular/parascapular or anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps. All fractures united at a median of 12.3 weeks (interquartile range (IQR) 9.6 to 18.1), with increasing age being significantly associated with a longer time to union (p = 0.005). There were no deep infections, one superficial wound infection, and the use of 20 fixators (20%) was associated with a pin site infection. The median Enneking score was 90% (IQR 87.5% to 95%). Three patients had a bony complication requiring further surgery. There were no flap failures, and eight patients underwent further plastic surgery. Conclusion The timely and comprehensive orthoplastic care of open tibial fractures in this series of patiemts aged < 16 years resulted in 100% union and 0% deep infection, with excellent patient-reported functional outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1160–1167.
Optoelectronic chromatic dispersion and wavelength monitoring in a photodiode
Authors: Glasser Ziv , Dubey Pawan Kumar , Dutta Ayuushi , Liokumovitch Egor , Abramov Rita , Sternklar Shmuel 
Published: June 2021

The optoelectronic process of light absorption and current formation in photodiodes is shown to be a significant source of optoelectronic chromatic dispersion (OED). Simple design rules are developed for fabricating a photodiode-based dispersion device that possesses large, small, zero, and either positive or negative OED. The OED parameter is proportional to a spectrally-dependent absorption term α−1dα/dλ . Silicon-based devices are predicted to display significant OED throughout the near IR, while Ge and InGaAs have high OED in the C- and L-bands and 1650 nm region, respectively. The OED of a commercial Ge PN photodiode is measured to be 3460 ps/nm at 1560 nm wavelength with 500 kHz modulation, demonstrating 8 pm spectral resolution with the phase-shift technique. Temperature-tuning of the OED in the Ge photodiode is also demonstrated. The ubiquitous photodiode is a tunable OED device, with applications in high-resolution optical spectroscopy and optical sensing.
Visible upconversion luminescence of doped bulk silicon for a multimodal wafer metrology
Authors: Afinogenov Boris I. , Sofronov Anton N. , Antropov Ilya M. , Filatov Nikita R. , Medvedev Anton S. , Shorokhov Alexander S. , Mantsevich Vladimir N. , Maslova Natalia S. , Kim Taehyun , Jeang Eunhee , Kim Ingi , Seo Minhwan , Han Kyunghun , Bae Sangwoo , Joo Wondon , Yoo Hosun , Bessonov Vladimir O. , Fedyanin Andrey A. , Ryabko Maksim V. , Polonsky Stanislav V. 
Published: June 2021

We report the experimental observation of the UV-visible upconverted luminescence of bulk silicon under pulsed infrared excitation. We demonstrate that non-stationary distribution of excited carriers leads to the emission at spectral bands never to our knowledge observed before. We show that the doping type and concentration alter the shape of luminescence spectra. Silicon nanoparticles have a size between quantum-confined and Mie-type limits (10–100 nm) yet show increased luminescence intensity when placed atop a silicon wafer. The findings demonstrate that upconversion luminescence can become a powerful tool for nearest future silicon wafer inspection systems as a multimodal technique of measuring the several parameters of the wafer simultaneously.
Multigigawatt 50  fs Yb:CALGO regenerative amplifier system with 11  W average power and mid-infrared generation
Authors: Wang Weizhe , Wu Han , Liu Cheng , Sun Biao , Liang Houkun 
Published: June 2021

Lasers with high average and high peak power as well as ultrashort pulse width have been all along demanded by nonlinear optics studies, strong-field experiments, electron dynamics investigations, and ultrafast spectroscopy. While the routinely used titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) laser faces a bottleneck in the average power upscaling, ytterbium (Yb)-doped lasers have remarkable advantages in achieving high average power. However, there is still a substantial gap of pulse width and peak power between the Ti:sapphire and Yb-doped lasers. Here we demonstrate a high-power

Yb
:

CaAlGdO

4

(Yb:CALGO) regenerative amplifier system, delivering 1040 nm pulses with 11 W average power, 50 fs pulse width, and 3.7 GW peak power at a repetition rate of 43 kHz, which to some extent bridges the gap between the Ti:sapphire and Yb lasers. An ultrabroadband Yb-doped fiber oscillator, specially designed spectral shapers, and Yb:CALGO gain medium with broad emission bandwidth, together with a double-end pumping scheme enable an amplified bandwidth of 19 nm and 95 fs output pulse width. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of sub-100 fs regenerative amplifier based on Yb-doped bulk medium without nonlinear spectral broadening. The amplified pulse is further compressed to 50 fs via cascaded-quadratic compression with a simple setup, producing 3.7 GW peak power, which boosts the record of peak power from Yb:CALGO regenerative amplifiers by 1 order. As a proof of concept, pumped by the high-power, 50 fs pulses, 7.5–11.5 µm mid-infrared (MIR) generation via intrapulse difference-frequency generation is performed, without the necessity of nonlinear fiber compressors. It leads to a simple and robust apparatus, and it would find good usefulness in MIR spectroscopic applications.
Association of APOE ε4 genotype and lifestyle with cognitive function among Chinese adults aged 80 years and older: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jin Xurui , He Wanying , Zhang Yan , Gong Enying , Niu Zhangming , Ji John , Li Yaxi , Zeng Yi , Yan Lijing L. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is the single most important genetic risk factor for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease (AD), while lifestyle factors such as smoking, drinking, diet, and physical activity also have impact on cognition. The goal of the study is to investigate whether the association between lifestyle and cognition varies by APOE genotype among the oldest old.

Methods and findings
We used the cross-sectional data including 6,160 oldest old (aged 80 years old or older) from the genetic substudy of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) which is a national wide cohort study that began in 1998 with follow-up surveys every 2–3 years. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score less than 18. Healthy lifestyle profile was classified into 3 groups by a composite measure including smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary pattern, physical activity, and body weight. APOE genotype was categorized as APOE ε4 carriers versus noncarriers. We examined the associations of cognitive impairment with lifestyle profile and APOE genotype using multivariable logistic regressions, controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, residence, disability, and numbers of chronic conditions.
The mean age of our study sample was 90.1 (standard deviation [SD], 7.2) years (range 80–113); 57.6% were women, and 17.5% were APOE ε4 carriers. The mean MMSE score was 21.4 (SD: 9.2), and 25.0% had cognitive impairment. Compared with those with an unhealthy lifestyle, participants with intermediate and healthy lifestyle profiles were associated with 28% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16%–38%, P < 0.001) and 55% (95% CI: 44%–64%, P < 0.001) lower adjusted odds of cognitive impairment. Carrying the APOE ε4 allele was associated with 17% higher odds (95% CI: 1%–31%, P = 0.042) of being cognitively impaired in the adjusted model. The association between lifestyle profiles and cognitive function did not vary significantly by APOE ε4 genotype (noncarriers: 0.47 [0.37–0.60] healthy versus unhealthy; carriers: 0.33 [0.18–0.58], P for interaction = 0.30). The main limitation was the lifestyle measurements were self-reported and were nonspecific. Generalizability of the findings is another limitation because the study sample was from the oldest old in China, with unique characteristics such as low body weight compared to populations in high-income countries.

Conclusions
In this study, we observed that healthier lifestyle was associated with better cognitive function among the oldest old regardless of APOE genotype. Our findings may inform the cognitive outlook for those oldest old with high genetic risk of cognitive impairment.
Evaluating spatiotemporal dynamics of snakebite in Sri Lanka: Monthly incidence mapping from a national representative survey sample
Authors: Ediriweera Dileepa Senajith , Kasthuriratne Anuradhani , Pathmeswaran Arunasalam , Gunawardene Nipul Kithsiri , Jayamanne Shaluka Francis , Murray Kris , Iwamura Takuya , Isbister Geoffrey , Dawson Andrew , Lalloo David Griffith , de Silva Hithanadura Janaka , Diggle Peter John 
Published: June 2021

Background
Snakebite incidence shows both spatial and temporal variation. However, no study has evaluated spatiotemporal patterns of snakebites across a country or region in detail. We used a nationally representative population sample to evaluate spatiotemporal patterns of snakebite in Sri Lanka.

Methodology
We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey representing all nine provinces of Sri Lanka. We interviewed 165 665 people (0.8% of the national population), and snakebite events reported by the respondents were recorded. Sri Lanka is an agricultural country; its central, southern and western parts receive rain mainly from Southwest monsoon (May to September) and northern and eastern parts receive rain mainly from Northeast monsoon (November to February). We developed spatiotemporal models using multivariate Poisson process modelling to explain monthly snakebite and envenoming incidences in the country. These models were developed at the provincial level to explain local spatiotemporal patterns.

Principal findings
Snakebites and envenomings showed clear spatiotemporal patterns. Snakebite hotspots were found in North-Central, North-West, South-West and Eastern Sri Lanka. They exhibited biannual seasonal patterns except in South-Western inlands, which showed triannual seasonality. Envenoming hotspots were confined to North-Central, East and South-West parts of the country. Hotspots in North-Central regions showed triannual seasonal patterns and South-West regions had annual patterns. Hotspots remained persistent throughout the year in Eastern regions. The overall monthly snakebite and envenoming incidences in Sri Lanka were 39 (95%CI: 38–40) and 19 (95%CI: 13–30) per 100 000, respectively, translating into 110 000 (95%CI: 107 500–112 500) snakebites and 45 000 (95%CI: 32 000–73 000) envenomings in a calendar year.

Conclusions/significance
This study provides information on community-based monthly incidence of snakebites and envenomings over the whole country. Thus, it provides useful insights into healthcare decision-making, such as, prioritizing locations to establish specialized centres for snakebite management and allocating resources based on risk assessments which take into account both location and season.
Prediction of outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with second line PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors based on clinical parameters: Results from a prospective, single institution study
Authors: Rounis Konstantinos , Makrakis Dimitrios , Papadaki Chara , Monastirioti Alexia , Vamvakas Lambros , Kalbakis Konstantinos , Gourlia Krystallia , Xanthopoulos Iordanis , Tsamardinos Ioannis , Mavroudis Dimitrios , Agelaki Sofia 
Published: June 2021

Objective
We prospectively recorded clinical and laboratory parameters from patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with 2nd line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in order to address their effect on treatment outcomes.

Materials and methods
Clinicopathological information (age, performance status, smoking, body mass index, histology, organs with metastases), use and duration of proton pump inhibitors, steroids and antibiotics (ATB) and laboratory values [neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, LDH, albumin] were prospectively collected. Steroid administration was defined as the use of > 10 mg prednisone equivalent for ≥ 10 days. Prolonged ATB administration was defined as ATB ≥ 14 days 30 days before or within the first 3 months of treatment. JADBio, a machine learning pipeline was applied for further multivariate analysis.

Results
Data from 66 pts with non-oncogenic driven metastatic NSCLC were analyzed; 15.2% experienced partial response (PR), 34.8% stable disease (SD) and 50% progressive disease (PD). Median overall survival (OS) was 6.77 months. ATB administration did not affect patient OS [HR = 1.35 (CI: 0.761–2.406, p = 0.304)], however, prolonged ATBs [HR = 2.95 (CI: 1.62–5.36, p = 0.0001)] and the presence of bone metastases [HR = 1.89 (CI: 1.02–3.51, p = 0.049)] independently predicted for shorter survival. Prolonged ATB administration, bone metastases, liver metastases and BMI < 25 kg/m2 were selected by JADbio as the important features that were associated with increased probability of developing disease progression as response to treatment. The resulting algorithm that was created was able to predict the probability of disease stabilization (PR or SD) in a single individual with an AUC = 0.806 [95% CI:0.714–0.889].

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate an adverse effect of prolonged ATBs on response and survival and underscore their importance along with the presence of bone metastases, liver metastases and low BMI in the individual prediction of outcomes in patients treated with immunotherapy.
Condiciones de trabajo cotidiano de los periodistas de América Latina en la cobertura del fenómeno Covid-19, estudio descriptivo emergente
Authors: Navarro Zamora Lizy 
Published: June 2021

Es un estudio descriptivo, a partir de la urgencia de conocer las condiciones en las cuales están trabajando los periodistas que cubren la fuente de salud de América Latina ante el fenómeno de la pandemia la Covid-19. Se aplicó un enfoque Mixto, en lo cuantitativo una encuesta aleatoria en el mes de abril, mayo y junio, a partir de las respuestas recibidas de periodistas de los países que integran la región de América Latina. Un periodismo desarrollado por personas que no están formadas en la especialización de la ciencia y la salud, por condiciones laborales precarias, no apoyos, entre otras.
Del tin al clic: una radiografía de las alertas noticiosas
Authors: Lugo-Ortiz Lourdes , Rodríguez Sánchez Israel 
Published: June 2021

Las alertas noticiosas se han convertido en herramientas esenciales del periodismo digital. Mediante un análisis de contenido y entrevistas a profundidad a los productores de las notificaciones, este estudio presenta una radiografía de las alertas en los dispositivos móviles producidas por los informativos en Puerto Rico. La investigación encontró que las notificaciones suelen comunicar asuntos relevantes y legítimos: noticias del momento y temas nacionales de política. Además, en consonancia con estudios anteriores, sirven para atraer tráfico, generar ingresos y posicionar la marca en el mercado mediático. Si bien reconocen que son disruptivas, los medios no suelen adoptar estrategias de personalización.
Portici, palazzi, torri e fortezze. Edilizia e famiglie aristocratiche a Roma (XII-XIV secolo)
Authors: Carocci Sandro , Giannini Nicoletta 
Published: June 2021

Basato sull’esame sistematico delle fonti scritte e sul censimento e l’analisi archeologico-architettonica di tutta l’edilizia civile medievale, l’articolo illustra i patrimoni immobiliari e le forme di residenza sia dei vertici della aristocrazia romana, i cosiddetti baroni, sia del resto della nobiltà cittadina. L’esame di portici, domus magne, palatia, torri e fortezze mostra bene come dall’XI e, soprattutto, dal XII secolo si sia affermato con una forza prima sconosciuta un legame strutturale fra ricchezza e investimenti in costruzioni durature. Pietra, laterizi e malta si sono imposti come uno strumento fondamentale per manifestare l’identità aristocratica e come luogo di espressione dell'agency individuale e familiare.
DO YOU REMEMBER THE WORDS? DUAL-CODING METHOD ON LONG-TERM MEMORY
Authors: Aryanto Christ Billy 
Published: June 2021

For students, long-term memory is required for individuals to study at various levels of education. An effective method is needed to help student to remember. This study aims to determine the dual-coding method on long-term memory in two levels of education: primary school and university. The first study was conducted on 60 primary school students and the second study was conducted on 81 university students, each divided into experimental group and control group. The two groups were shown 10 concrete nouns with the experimental group displayed along with the picture and only the word for the control group. Each word was displayed for 3 seconds. The results showed that the experimental group remembered more words in the first study, t(58) = 4.386, p < .05; and the control group remembered more words in the second study, t(79) = -3.036, p < .05. Therefore, the dual-coding method affects the long-term memory of primary school students but not on university students.
THE ILLNESS EXPERIENCE IN HYPERTENSION PATIENTS WITH LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
Authors: Hamzah Imam Faisal , Subandi Subandi 
Published: June 2021

Hypertension is one type of disease that is usually experienced by adults, where arteries have excessive pressure, which is above 140 mm Hg for systolic and diastolic 90 mm Hg. Hypertension is not only a physical experience, but also needs to be understood as a psychological and social experience. Health is a social problem because it is related to how a person finances his health and access appropriate health facilities. The purpose of this study was to obtain psychosocial dynamics in the experience of hypertension in patients with low socioeconomic status. This study used a qualitative method with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach through semi-structured interviews. Three participants involved were female, aged 30 to 45 years, and had more than one year suffered from hypertension. This study found six superordinate themes that focused on perceptions of causes, perceptions of hypertension, unpleasant feeling, social resources, improvement efforts, and health development.