bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facing a Common Human Fate: Relating Global Identity and Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Loy Laura S. , Reese Gerhard , Spence Alexa 
Published: October 2021

Collective efforts of the world community are required to mitigate global climate change. Understanding oneself as part of this world community might be crucial for individual behavior change reducing carbon emissions. We examined whether a global identity (i.e., the identification with all humans and a concern for their well‐being) is related to self‐reported climate‐protective behavior in two studies. In a German quota sample (N = 498), global identity was positively related to the personal and societal relevance people attributed to the issue of climate change and self‐reported climate‐protective behavior directly and indirectly through personal and societal relevance attribution. In a U.K. quota sample (N = 400), global identity was positively related to the relevance people attributed to a received news text on climate change. Moreover, global identity was positively related to three observed indicators of climate‐protective behavioral intentions after reading the news text, either directly or indirectly through relevance attribution. These results affirm the importance of a social identity perspective on climate protection. We suggest that the causal effects of global identity and ways to promote its cultivation should be investigated in more depth in future research.
Factors contributing to honor‐endorsing men's suicide capability: Firearm ownership, practical capability, and exposure to painful and provocative events
Authors: Bock Jarrod E. , Tucker Raymond P. , Brown Ryan P. , Harrington Erin E. , Bauer Brian W. , Daruwala Samantha E. , Capron Daniel W. , Anestis Michael D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWhite men in U.S. cultures of honor die by suicide at greater rates than other demographic groups. This finding has been attributed to factors such as the prevalence and use of firearms in men's suicide in honor states, as well as motivational risk factors (e.g., thwarted belongingness). Other features of honor cultures (e.g., physical aggression, risk‐taking behaviors) suggest that honor‐endorsing men may frequently experience painful and provocative events (PPEs), which, in turn, may facilitate practical capability for suicide. The present work tested this hypothesis and honor ideology's relationship to firearm ownership and storage practices.MethodIn two samples of mostly White U.S. men—one undergraduate sample (N = 472, Mage = 19.76) and one middle‐ to older adult sample (N = 419, Mage = 65.17)—we assessed honor ideology endorsement, PPEs, practical capability for suicide, and firearm‐related outcomes.ResultsHonor endorsement was greater among firearm owners (particularly self‐protective owners), but it was unrelated to storage practices. Honor endorsement was positively associated with PPEs and practical capability. Additionally, the relationship between honor ideology and practical capability was indirectly explained by PPE exposure.ConclusionsResults highlight multiple avenues—PPEs, practical capability for suicide, (self‐protective) firearm ownership—by which masculine honor norms may place men at risk for suicide.
Synthesis, characterization and potential application of magnetized nanoparticles for photocatalysis of Levafix CA reactive azo‐dye in aqueous effluent
Authors: Thabet Rahma H. , Fouad Mai K. , Ali Ismael A. , El Sherbiny Shakinaz A. , Tony Maha A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDyes represent major environmental concerns since their presence in aqueous effluents posed a threat to the ecological system. This work is focused on developing a sustainable photo‐Fenton strategy for efficient Levafix Blue oxidation. Nanostructured magnetite as the precursor of the oxidation technique has been synthesized via a simple co‐precipitation technique. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to characterize the samples. The experimental dye removal data revealed that almost complete dye removal (99.9%) was attained at pH 3.0 using 800 and 40 mg/L of H2O2 and magnetite reagents, respectively within 30‐min of irradiation time. The process follows the first‐order reaction model with endothermic and non‐spontaneous oxidation reaction in nature with a low activation energy barrier of 14.29 kJ/mol. Finally, the experimental data reveals that magnetite could be easily recovered and recycled up to six treatment cycles with a removal efficiency of 71% confirms the process sustainability.
Regional flow–ecology relationships in small, temperate rivers
Authors: Hough Ian , Moggridge Helen , Warren Philip , Shucksmith James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFlow–ecology relationships within river systems are an important area of ongoing investigation, because of potential applications such as understanding the ecological impact of flow alteration at modified sites. This study analyses relationships between flow characteristics and benthic macroinvertebrates from 18 streams of similar size and typology within Northern England, to develop quantitative flow–ecology relationships applicable at regional scale. High and low flow event frequencies displayed statistically significant relationships with the ecological metrics of LIFE Score, Shannon's Diversity and a velocity flow affinity trait score. Results suggest that flow event frequencies have a significant role in influencing ecology within the river network system. Hence, this indicates that future flow regime design in the region may be enhanced if this variable is considered.
Effects of fetal haemoglobin on systemic oxygenation in preterm infants and the development of retinopathy of prematurity PacIFiHER Report No. 2
Authors: Jiramongkolchai Kim , Repka Michael X , Tian Jing , Aucott Sue W , Shepard Jennifer , Collins Megan , Clemens Julia , Feller Mia , Burd Irina , Roizenblatt Marina , Smith Kerry , Arevalo J Fernando , Gehlbach Peter L , Handa James T 
Published: October 2021

Background/aimsFetal haemoglobin (HbF) has an oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve that may affect systemic oxygenation and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The study aim is to characterise the effects of HbF levels on systemic oxygenation and ROP development.MethodsProspective study conducted from 1 September 2017 through 31 December 2018 at the Johns Hopkins NICU. Preterm infants with HbF measured at birth, 31, 34 and 37 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA), complete blood gas and SpO2recorded up to 42 weeks PMA, and at least one ROP exam were included.ResultsSixty-four preterm infants were enrolled. Higher HbF was associated with significantly higher SpO2, lower PCO2, lower FiO2from birth to 31 weeks PMA and 31 to 34 weeks PMA (rs=0.51, rs=−0.62 and rs=−0.63; p<0.0001 and rs=0.71, rs=−0.58 and rs=−0.79; p<0.0001, respectively). To maintain oxygen saturation goals set by the neonatal intensive care unit, higher median FiO2was required for HbF in the lowest tercile from birth compared with HbF in the highest tercile to 31 weeks and 31 to 34 weeks PMA; FiO2=35 (21–100) versus 21 (21–30) p<0.006 and FiO2=30 (28–100) versus 21 (21–30) p<0.001, respectively. Preterm infants with ROP had poorer indices of systemic oxygenation, as measured by median levels of SpO2 and PCO2, and lower levels of HbF (p<0.039 and p<0.0001, respectively) up to 34 weeks PMA.ConclusionLow HbF levels correlated with poor oxygenation indices and increased risk for ROP. O2saturation goals to prevent ROP may need to incorporate relative amount of HbF.
Predicting the impact of control strategies on the tuberculosis burden in South and North Korea using a mathematical model
Authors: Cho Hyunwoo , Park Youngmok , Seok Jeongjoo , Yeom Joon Sup , Choi Jun Yong , Kim Hee Jin , Kang Young Ae , Lee Jeehyun 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAmong high-income countries, South Korea has a considerable tuberculosis (TB) burden; North Korea has one of the highest TB burdens in the world. Predicting the impact of control strategies on the TB burden can help to efficiently implement TB control programmes.MethodsWe designed a deterministic compartmental model of TB in Korea. After calibration with notification of incidence data from South Korea, the TB burden for 2040 was predicted according to four different intervention strategies: latent TB infection (LTBI) treatment, rapid diagnosis, active case-finding and improvement of the treatment success rate. North Korea’s burden in 2040 was similarly estimated by adjusting the model parameters.ResultsIn South Korea, the number of patients with drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) were predicted to be 27 581 and 625, respectively, in 2025. Active case-finding would lower DS-TB by 6.2% and MDR-TB by 26.7%, respectively, in 2040. The improvement in the success rate of DS-TB treatment would reduce the MDR-TB burden by 34.5%. In North Korea, the number of patients with DS-TB and MDR-TB are, respectively, predicted to be 77 629 and 5409 in 2025. Active case-finding would reduce DS-TB by 22.2% and MDR-TB by 69.7%. LTBI treatment would reduce DS-TB by 20.6% and MDR-TB by 38.6%.ConclusionThe impact of control strategies on the TB burden in South and North Korea was investigated using a mathematical model. The combined intervention strategies would reduce the burden and active case-finding is expected to result in considerable reduction in both South and North Korea.
Methadone and neuropathic cancer pain subcomponents: a prospective cohort pilot study
Authors: Fawoubo Audrey , Perceau-Chambard Élise , Ruer Murielle , Filbet Marilene , Tricou Colombe , Economos Guillaume 
Published: October 2021

Forty per cent of cancer pain associate neuropathic and nociceptive pain simultaneously, and refractory pain affects 15% of cancer pain. Methadone is an effective opioid in treating nociceptive pain and could have an effect on neuropathic pain. Uncertainty remains on its effects on the different subcomponents of neuropathic pain.ObjectivesTo identify which subcomponents of neuropathic cancer pain are addressed using methadone.MethodsAn observational prospective cohort study of palliative care inpatients after rotation for refractory neuropathic cancer pain. Pain intensity was assessed weekly for 28 days, using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI).ResultsForty-eight patients were included and 17 completed the 28 days follow-up. VAS pain rating decreased by at least 20 mm in 47% of patients and the pain intensity was significantly lower at day 28 with 53% of patients with a VAS inferior to 4 (p<0.001). The pressure/squeezing component (NPSI score) decreased by more than 2 points in 50% of patients.A linear regression showed allodynia and pressure/squeezing were responsible for the largest part of the overall alleviation of pain (p=0.01).ConclusionsMethadone could significantly improve neuropathic pain through a targeted effect of allodynia and its pressure/squeezing component.
Validation of the Residual Cancer Burden Index as a prognostic tool in women with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Gomes da Cunha Juliana Pierobon , Goncalves Rodrigo , Silva Fernando , Aguiar Fernando Nalesso , Mota Bruna Salani , Chequim Bruna Bello , Soares José Maria , Baracat Edmund C , Filassi José Roberto 
Published: October 2021

AimsTo correlate the ‘Residual Cancer Burden’ (RCB) index with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in women undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo.MethodsWe analysed the medical records of patients with breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast surgery, from 2011 to December 2017. Variables analysed were age, clinical and pathological staging, molecular subtype, number of recurrences or metastases, number of deaths, value and class of the RCB index. We used the Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank statistics to evaluate the possible association between RCB and OS and DFS. A regression model was used to determine the independent association of the RCB with the outcomes controlling for confounding factors.Results347 patients were included in the analysis with a mean age of 49.39 years. Initial clinical staging was T3 in 57.9% of patients and 43.8% of patients had N1 axillary status. Survival analysis showed a statistically significant better prognosis for the RCB 0 (pCR) subgroup compared with RCB 1, 2 and 3 (log rank p=0.01). In a multivariate analysis, only the RCB classification showed a statistically significant correlation with DFS (RCB 1, HR 6.9, CI 1.9 to 25.4, p=0.004; RCB 2, HR 4.2, CI 1.6 to 10.8, p=0.03; and RCB 3, HR 7.6, CI 2.76 to 20.8, p=0.00).ConclusionWe demonstrated a positive and significant relationship between the RCB index and the risk of relapse and death.
Performance of the CellaVision DC-1 digital cell imaging analyser for differential counting and morphological classification of blood cells
Authors: van der Vorm Lisa N , Hendriks Henriët A , Smits Simone M 
Published: October 2021

AimsRecently, a new automated digital cell imaging analyser (Sysmex CellaVision DC-1), intended for use in low-volume and small satellite laboratories, has become available. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of the DC-1 with the Sysmex DI-60 system and the gold standard, manual microscopy.MethodsWhite blood cell (WBC) differential counts in 100 normal and 100 abnormal peripheral blood smears were compared between the DC-1, the DI-60 and manual microscopy to establish accuracy, within-run imprecision, clinical sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the agreement between precharacterisation and postcharacterisation of red blood cell (RBC) morphological abnormalities was determined for the DC-1.ResultsWBC preclassification and postclassification results of the DC-1 showed good correlation compared with DI-60 results and manual microscopy. In addition, the within-run SD of the DC-1 was below 1 for all five major WBC classes, indicating good reproducibility. Clinical sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 96.7%/95.9% compared with the DI-60% and 96.6%/95.3% compared with manual microscopy. The overall agreement on RBC morphology between the precharacterisation and postcharacterisation results ranged from 49% (poikilocytosis) to 100% (hypochromasia, microcytosis and macrocytosis).ConclusionsThe DC-1 has proven to be an accurate digital cell imaging system for differential counting and morphological classification of WBCs and RBCs in peripheral blood smears. It is a compact and easily operated instrument that can offer low-volume and small satellite laboratories the possibilities of readily available blood cell analysis that can be stored and retrieved for consultation with remote locations.
The effect of branched-chain amino acid on muscle damage markers and performance following strenuous exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Doma Kenji , Singh Utkarsh , Boullosa Daniel , Connor Jonathan Douglas 
Published: October 2021

This systematic review and meta-analysis determined whether the ergogenic effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) ameliorated markers of muscle damage and performance following strenuous exercise. In total, 25 studies were included, consisting of 479 participants (age 24.3 ± 8.3 years, height 1.73 ± 0.06 m, body mass 70.8 ± 9.5 kg, females 26.3%). These studies were rated as fair to excellent following the PEDro scale. The outcome measures were compared between the BCAA and placebo conditions at 24 and 48 hours following muscle-damaging exercises, using standardised mean differences and associated p-values via forest plots. Our meta-analysis demonstrated significantly lower levels of indirect muscle damage markers (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin) at 48 hours post-exercise (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −0.41; p < 0.05) for the BCAA than placebo conditions, whilst muscle soreness was significant at 24 hours post-exercise (SMD = −0.28 ≤ d ≤ −0.61; p < 0.05) and 48 hours post-exercise (SMD = −0.41 ≤ d≤ −0.92; p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were identified between the BCAA and placebo conditions for muscle performance at 24 or 48 hours post-exercise (SMD = 0.08 ≤ d ≤ 0.21; p > 0.05). Overall, BCAA reduced the level of muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness following muscle-damaging exercises. However, the potential benefits of BCAA for muscle performance recovery is questionable and warrants further investigation to determine the practicality of BCAA for ameliorating muscle damage symptoms in diverse populations. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020191248.Novelty: BCAA reduces the level of creatine kinase and muscle soreness following strenuous exercise with a dose–response relationship. BCAA does not accelerate recovery for muscle performance.
The pseudo-null geometric phase along optical fiber
Authors: Gürbüz Nevin Ertuğ 
Published: October 2021

In this study, a pseudo-null space curve in Minkowski 3-space is used to describe an optical fiber that is injected into monochromatic linear polarized light. The direction of the electric field vector with respect to the Frenet frame of a pseudo-null curve determines the state polarization of a monochromatic linearly polarized light wave traveling along an optical fiber. For the Frenet frame of a pseudo-null curve in Minkowski 3-space, the polarization vector [Formula: see text] is assumed to be perpendicular to the tangent vector [Formula: see text] with respect to anholonomic coordinates. Anholonomic coordinates for the Frenet frame of a pseudo-null curve are used to describe pseudo-null electromagnetic curves in the normal and binormal directions along an optical fiber. For the Frenet frame of the pseudo-null curve, Lorentz force equations in the normal and binormal directions along the optical fiber are presented. Pseudo-normal and binormal Rytov parallel transport laws for electric fields in the normal and binormal directions along with the optical fiber for the Frenet frame of the pseudo-null curve via anholonomic coordinates are presented. For anholonomic coordinates in Minkowski 3-space, rotations of the polarization planes of a light wave traveling in the normal and binormal directions along with the optical fiber with respect to the Frenet frame of the pseudo-null curve are obtained. Finally, a pseudo-null curve’s Maxwellian evolution is determined.
Normal subgroups of SimpHAtic groups
Authors: Osajda Damian 
Published: October 2021

A group is SimpHAtic if it acts geometrically on a simply connected simplicially hereditarily aspherical (SimpHAtic) complex. We show that finitely presented normal subgroups of the SimpHAtic groups are either: finite, or of finite index, or virtually free. This result applies, in particular, to normal subgroups of systolic groups. We prove similar strong restrictions on group extensions for other classes of asymptotically aspherical groups. The proof relies on studying homotopy types at infinity of groups in question. We also show that non-uniform lattices in SimpHAtic complexes (and in more general complexes) are not finitely presentable and that finitely presented groups acting properly on such complexes act geometrically on SimpHAtic complexes. In Appendix we present the topological two-dimensional quasi-Helly property of systolic complexes.
Integrative RNA-omics Discovers GNAS Alternative Splicing as a Phenotypic Driver of Splicing Factor–Mutant Neoplasms
Authors: Wheeler Emily C. , Vora Shailee , Mayer Daniel , Kotini Andriana G. , Olszewska Malgorzata , Park Samuel S. , Guccione Ernesto , Teruya-Feldstein Julie , Silverman Lewis , Sunahara Roger K. , Yeo Gene W. , Papapetrou Eirini P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Mutations in splicing factors (SF) are the predominant class of mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but convergent downstream disease drivers remain elusive. To identify common direct targets of missplicing by mutant U2AF1 and SRSF2, we performed RNA sequencing and enhanced version of the cross-linking and immunoprecipitation assay in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models. Integrative analyses of alternative splicing and differential binding converged on a long isoform of GNAS (GNAS-L), promoted by both mutant factors. MDS population genetics, functional and biochemical analyses support that GNAS-L is a driver of MDS and encodes a hyperactive long form of the stimulatory G protein alpha subunit, Gαs-L, that activates ERK/MAPK signaling. SF-mutant MDS cells have activated ERK signaling and consequently are sensitive to MEK inhibitors. Our findings highlight an unexpected and unifying mechanism by which SRSF2 and U2AF1 mutations drive oncogenesis with potential therapeutic implications for MDS and other SF-mutant neoplasms.

Significance:
SF mutations are disease-defining in MDS, but their critical effectors remain unknown. We discover the first direct target of convergent missplicing by mutant U2AF1 and SRSF2, a long GNAS isoform, which activates G protein and ERK/MAPK signaling, thereby driving MDS and rendering mutant cells sensitive to MEK inhibition.
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Turnover Rates of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor and PCSK9: Added Dimension to the Cholesterol Homeostasis Model
Authors: Dandan Mohamad , Han Julia , Mann Sabrina , Kim Rachael , Mohammed Hussein , Nyangau Edna , Hellerstein Marc 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
We measured the turnover rates of the LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) and PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) in mice by metabolic labeling with heavy water and mass spectrometry.

Approach and Results:
In liver of mice fed high-cholesterol diets, LDLR mRNA levels and synthesis rates were markedly lower with complete suppression of cholesterol synthesis and higher cholesterol content, consistent with the Brown-Goldstein model of tissue cholesterol homeostasis. We observed markedly lower PCSK9 mRNA levels and synthesis rates in liver and lower concentrations and synthesis rates in plasma. Hepatic LDLR half-life (t½) was prolonged, consistent with an effect of reduced PCSK9, and resulted in no reduction in hepatic LDLR content despite reduced mRNA levels and LDLR synthesis rates. These changes in PCSK9 synthesis complement and expand the well-established model of tissue cholesterol homeostasis in mouse liver, in that reduced synthesis and levels of PCSK9 counterbalance lower LDLR synthesis by promoting less LDLR catabolism, thereby maintaining uptake of LDL cholesterol into liver despite high intracellular cholesterol concentrations.

Conclusions:
Lower hepatic synthesis and secretion of PCSK9, an SREBP2 (sterol response element binding protein) target gene, results in longer hepatic LDLR t½ in response to cholesterol feeding in mice in the face of high intracellular cholesterol content. PCSK9 modulation opposes the canonical lowering of LDLR mRNA and synthesis by cholesterol surplus and preserves LDLR levels. The physiological and therapeutic implications of these opposing control mechanisms over liver LDLR are of interest and may reflect subservience of hepatic cholesterol homeostasis to whole body cholesterol needs.