bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and performance evaluation of novel transparent ceramics RE:Tb3Ga5O12 (RE = Pr, Tm, Dy) toward magneto-optical application
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Snetkov Ilya L. , Yakovlev Aleksey , Liu Qiang , Liu Xin , Liu Ziyu , Chen Penghui , Zhu Danyang , Wu Lexiang , Yang Zhaoxiang , Xie Tengfei , Chen Haohong , Palashov Oleg , Li Jiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransparent ceramics are at the heart of modern magneto-optical materials providing promising opportunities for Faraday isolators. 1.0 at% RE:Tb3Ga5O12 (rare earth (RE) = Pr, Tm, Dy) transparent ceramics were successfully prepared by air sintering and sequential HIP technique using the coprecipitated powders as the raw material. All the powders have shown to be a pure cubic terbium gallium garnet (TGG) phase and exhibit good dispersion. Additionally, a change could not be observed in particle shape with the different doped ions. After the two-step sintering, all the obtained ceramics have good optical quality, and the in-line transmittances at 1070 nm are higher than 80%. Moreover, no secondary phase can be detected from the microstructures. However, the pores which remain entrapped in the ceramics can be noted. The Verdet constant of ceramic samples is optimized by RE doping, and the Verdet constant at 632.8 nm is about −143 rad·T−1·m−1, which is about 5% higher than that of TGG ceramics. Finally, the thermo-optical properties of 1.0 at% RE:TGG transparent ceramics are compared. The annealed TGG ceramic showed the best thermo-optical properties, and the thermally induced depolarization of 1.0 at% Ce:TGG and 1.0 at% Tm:TGG was inferior to that of annealed TGG ceramic.
Electric modulation of conduction in MAPbBr3 single crystals
Authors: Ke Shanming , Luo Shangyu , Gong Jinhui , Qiu Liwen , Liang Renhong , Zhou Yangbo , Luo Bingcheng , Cheng Baochang , Wang Li , Shu Longlong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe resistive switching (RS) mechanism of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites has not been clearly understood until now. A switchable diode-like RS behavior in MAPbBr3 single crystals using Au (or Pt) symmetric electrodes is reported. Both the high resistance state (HRS) and low resistance state (LRS) are electrode-area dependent and light responsive. We propose an electric-field-driven inner p-n junction accompanied by a trap-controlled space-charge-limited conduction (SCLC) conduction mechanism to explain this switchable diode-like RS behavior in MAPbBr3 single crystals.
Localization of Fréchet Frames and Expansion of Generalized Functions
Authors: Pilipović Stevan , Stoeva Diana T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMatrix-type operators with the off-diagonal decay of polynomial or sub-exponential types are revisited with weaker assumptions concerning row or column estimates, still giving the continuity results for the frame type operators. Such results are extended from Banach to Fréchet spaces. Moreover, the localization of Fréchet frames is used for the frame expansions of tempered distributions and a class of Beurling ultradistributions.
Intrinsic Quasi-Metrics
Authors: Rainio Oona 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe point pair function $$p_G$$

p
G

defined in a domain $$G\subsetneq {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

G
⊊

R

n

is shown to be a quasi-metric, and its other properties are studied. For a convex domain $$G\subsetneq {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

G
⊊

R

n

, a new intrinsic quasi-metric called the function $$w_G$$

w
G

is introduced. Several sharp results are established for these two quasi-metrics, and their connection to the triangular ratio metric is studied.
Comparison of effects of nanofluid utilization (Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2) with reference water in automotive radiators on exergetic properties of diesel engines
Authors: Erkan Anıl , Tüccar Gökhan , Tosun Erdi , Özgür Tayfun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, nanofluids formed by using ethylene glycol and three kinds of nanoparticles such as Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 were added to the four-stroke internal combustion engine radiator and compared with the conventional coolant (pure water). This comparison is based on the exergy performances which are the main theme of the second law of thermodynamics. The tests were carried out at a fixed engine speed of 1800 rpm using diesel fuel, and the outputs were obtained from the test setup experimentally. A total of six nanofluid tests were performed on two different dispersions (0.2% and 0.4%). As a result of this study, the best exergy efficiency was obtained by using TiO2 particles with a 35.67% value. Increasing the percentage of nanoparticles in the fluid from 0.2 to 0.4 positively affected efficiency. Pure water generally lagged behind nanofluid performance in experimental parameters. Compared to conventional coolant (pure water), the lowest exhaust temperature value was measured by using an Al2O3/Ethylene Glycol mixture with a difference of 59 K. Also, by using Al2O3 nanoparticles as a coolant, 8.858 kW of exergy exhaust value was obtained. This is the best emission value measured in the experimental study. While calculating values close to each other in the use of other nanoparticles, the worst exergy exhaust results were obtained by using the conventional refrigerant. Consequently, in this paper, exergetic outputs such as exergetic efficiency, exergy destruction, exergy heat, exergy work, exergy total exhaust, and entropy production rate were calculated for pure water and each nanofluid.
A crucial review on recent updates of oxidation behavior in high entropy alloys
Authors: Anne Bhargavi Rani , Shaik Shajahan , Tanaka Masaki , Basu Anindya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, High entropy alloys (HEAs) advanced into high-temperature applications as potential candidates by enduring high temperatures with high thermal stability, higher oxidation and corrosion resistances, thermal fatigue, and creep resistances. HEAs acquire unique characteristics called core effects of HEAs: high entropy effect, sluggish diffusion effect, severe lattice distortion, and cocktail effect. HEAs frequently exhibit remarkable properties because of having such unique core effects. Thus, the emergence of HEAs has gained significant interest in the field of materials leading to a contemporary point of discussion on their exciting nature and properties. The current review article intends to summarize the significant works on the oxidation behavior of High entropy alloys (HEAs). Also, peculiar attention has been invested in comprehending oxidation behavior of HEAs in the viewpoint of the crystal structure that is BCC-HEAs, FCC-HEAs and few case studies were compared with the conventional alloys. Current challenges and essential future directions in this field are also pointed out.
Criticality Assessment of the Life Cycle of Passenger Vehicles Produced in China
Authors: Sun Xin , Bach Vanessa , Finkbeiner Matthias , Yang Jianxin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChina is globally the largest and a rapidly growing market for electric vehicles. The aim of the paper is to determine challenges related to criticality and environmental impacts of battery electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles, focusing not only on a global but also the Chinese perspective, applying the ESSENZ method, which covers a unique approach to determine criticality aspects as well as integrating life cycle assessment results. Real industry data for vehicles and batteries produced in China was collected. Further, for the criticality assessment, Chinese import patterns are analyzed. The results show that the battery electric vehicle has similar and partly increased environmental impacts compared with the internal combustion engine vehicle. For both, the vehicle cycle contributes to a large proportion in all the environmental impact categories except for global warming. Further, battery electric vehicles show a higher criticality than internal combustion engine vehicles, with tantalum, lithium, and cobalt playing essential roles. In addition, the Chinese-specific results show a lower criticality compared to the global assessment for the considered categories trade barriers and political stability, while again tantalum crude oil and cobalt have high potential supply disruptions. Concluding, battery electric vehicles still face challenges regarding their environmental as well as criticality performance from the whole supply chain both in China and worldwide. One reason is the replacement of the lithium-ion power battery. By enhancing its quality and establishing battery recycling, the impacts of battery electric vehicle would decrease.
A simple method for extraction of Ricinus communis L. oil and its application for biodiesel production by ethylic route
Authors: Vasco Jana Eduarda Alberto , Sabite Paulino , Clavel Estevão , Bandali Esau Carlos , Gueze Geraldo Alfredo , João Domingos Augusto , Gomundanhe Almeida Meque , Neuana Neuana Fernando 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBiodiesel is a clean fuel, and an alternative to the environmental complications ascribed to fossil fuels. However, the forms of its production are still the object of research in the literature because some issues related to its process improvement and economical viability remain a challenge. Consequently, this research aims to produce biodiesel by the ethylic route fromRicinus communisL. oil extracted with a simple solid liquid extraction method without the use of the soxhled extractor and inspired from rural communities practices. In this sense,Ricinus communisL. was extracted byn-hexane as solvent, obtaining biodiesel through ethyl transesterification via alkaline catalysis. The characterization of biodiesel in terms of—acid value (AV), combustibility and corrosivity to copper. The results indicated that the yield of the extracted oil was 14% in relation to the mass of seeds used, the value of the AV was 0.96 mg NaOH/g, showing in this case that the oil can be used in the transesterification process to obtain biodiesel. The biodiesel yield obtained was 37% and the AV was 1.98 mg NaOH/g, being considered above the acceptable value for its use in diesel engines, and should be neutralized to at least 0.8 mg NaOH/g. Based on this work, biodiesel was obtained via ethyl esterification ofRicinus communisL. oil extracted from a simple and easy method.
QAUST: Protein Function Prediction Using Structure Similarity, Protein Interaction, and Functional Motifs
Authors: Smaili Fatima Zohra , Tian Shuye , Roy Ambrish , Alazmi Meshari , Arold Stefan T. , Mukherjee Srayanta , Hefty P. Scott , Chen Wei , Gao Xin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The number of available protein sequences in public databases is increasing exponentially. However, a significant percentage of these sequences lack functional annotation, which is essential for the understanding of how biological systems operate. Here, we propose a novel method, Quantitative Annotation of Unknown STructure (QAUST), to infer protein functions, specifically Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers. QAUST uses three sources of information: structure information encoded by global and local structure similarity search, biological network information inferred by protein–protein interaction data, and sequence information extracted from functionally discriminative sequence motifs. These three pieces of information are combined by consensus averaging to make the final prediction. Our approach has been tested on 500 protein targets from the Critical Assessment of Functional Annotation (CAFA) benchmark set. The results show that our method provides accurate functional annotation and outperforms other prediction methods based on sequence similarity search or threading. We further demonstrate that a previously unknown function of human tripartite motif-containing 22 (TRIM22) protein predicted by QAUST can be experimentally validated.
Mining Unknown Porcine Protein Isoforms by Tissue-Based Map of Proteome Enhances Pig Genome Annotation
Authors: Zhao Pengju , Zheng Xianrui , Yu Ying , Hou Zhuocheng , Diao Chenguang , Wang Haifei , Kang Huimin , Ning Chao , Li Junhui , Feng Wen , Wang Wen , Liu George E. , Li Bugao , Smith Jacqueline , Chamba Yangzom , Liu Jian-Feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A lack of the complete pig proteome has left a gap in our knowledge of the pig genome and has restricted the feasibility of using pigs as a biomedical model. In this study, we developed a tissue-based proteome map using 34 major normal pig tissues. A total of 5841 unknown protein isoforms were identified and systematically characterized, including 2225 novel protein isoforms, 669 protein isoforms from 460 genes symbolized beginning with LOC, and 2947 protein isoforms without clear NCBI annotation in the current pig reference genome. These newly identified protein isoforms were functionally annotated through profiling the pig transcriptome with high-throughput RNA sequencing of the same pig tissues, further improving the genome annotation of the corresponding protein-coding genes. Combining the well-annotated genes that have parallel expression pattern and subcellular witness, we predicted the tissue-related subcellularlocations and potential functions for these unknown proteins. Finally, we mined 3081 orthologous genes for 52.7% of unknown protein isoforms across multiple species, referring to 68 KEGG pathways as well as 23 disease signaling pathways. These findings provide valuable insights and a rich resource for enhancing studies of pig genomics and biology, as well as biomedical model application to human medicine.
Perioperative risk stratification and strategies for reducing postoperative pulmonary complications following major surgery in resource limited areas: A systematic review
Authors: Tegegne Biresaw Ayen , Lema Girmay Fitiwi , Fentie Demeke Yilkal , Bizuneh Yosef Belay 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Postoperative pulmonary complication can be broadly defined as conditions affecting the respiratory tract that can adversely influence the clinical course of a patient after surgery. Post-operative pulmonary complications are the most frequent reported cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals. The occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the world is between 5 and 80% with variation attributed to set-up, preoperative and intra-operative risk factors. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complication was 21.7% in the study area. Postoperative pulmonary complications can be associated with patient-related and procedure related risk factors. Prevention of postoperative pulmonary complication requires comprehensive multidisciplinary approach that includes preoperative risk stratification and optimizations.

Methods:
This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol and AMSTAR 2 critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews were used. The literature has reviewed using a multiple and comprehensive database searches including HINARI (Cochrane Library, PubMed and PubMed Central) and Google Scholar to get access for updated evidences on risk stratification and prevention strategies for postoperative pulmonary complications.

Discussion:
Patients who underwent major surgery should be considered as an increased risk for postoperative pulmonary complications. Patients at risk for postoperative pulmonary complication should be identified before Surgery. Perioperative risk stratification and optimizations are widely used prevention strategies for postoperative pulmonary complications.

Conclusion:
Screening and identification of patients at high risk for post-operative pulmonary complications are vital during preoperative period. Patients in high risk group should receive pulmonary complication prevention and intervention protocol such as: cessation from smoking, preoperative inspiratory muscle training, goal-directed fluid therapy, chest physiotherapy, postoperative analgesia especially neuro-axial block, early mobilization and early oral intake.

Highlights
The state of zero trust in the age of fluid working
Authors: Sheridan Ollie 
Published: February 2021

Businesses have been thrown a curve ball that could never have been predicted at the beginning of last year, and one that has changed businesses practices forever. While many organisations had some form of fluid working before, it is now non-negotiable as business leaders have seen first-hand that the workforce can be just as productive at home as they can in the office. While many organisations had some form of fluid working before the pandemic, it is now non-negotiable. As a result, we've seen a boom in the adoption of enterprise technologies to support this new way of working. However, one aspect of business that shouldn't be forgotten is cyber security, because cyber criminals are taking advantage of the shift to working from home to launch increased numbers of cyber attacks, explains Ollie Sheridan of Gigamon.
Avoiding costly downtime – how MSPs can manage their networks
Authors: Walsh Brendan 
Published: February 2021

For managed service providers (MSPs), managing a network is a big responsibility. Availability is the top priority in order to provide customers with constant access to critical applications that help to ensure that their businesses are able to function. 1 When a network goes down this can be due to a variety of causes such as cyber attack, hardware failure or human error and this downtime can be extremely costly. ITIC's latest ‘Global Server Hardware, Server OS Reliability Survey’ found that a single hour of downtime now costs 98% of firms at least $100,000. 2 For managed service providers (MSPs), managing a network is a big responsibility. When it goes down – perhaps as the result of a cyber attack – the results can be costly. The need for network resilience has become even greater during the pandemic. The requirement to work from home has placed increased strain on networks and greater importance on seamless connectivity. The need for MSPs to ensure greater resilience and uptime may be here to stay, says Brendan Walsh of Opengear.
Achieving GDPR compliance post-Privacy Shield
Authors: Curry Sam 
Published: February 2021

In May 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) became enforceable. The GDPR has changed the way that any entity conducting business with an EU country holds and processes data about EU citizens. As companies around the world embarked on a vast undertaking to meet the GDPR's list of requirements, more than 5,000 certified US organisations secured their seal of approval with respect to article 45 of the GDPR relating to data transfers through the EU-US Privacy Shield. Until recently, US organisations have been able to manage the private data of EU citizens under the protection of the EU-US Privacy Shield. But now that has been invalidated, many are left facing uncertainty and risk. This needs to be addressed quickly, and not just to remain compliant with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). There is a great business opportunity for companies to address privacy issues now and it is much better to address privacy proactively, rather being summoned to court for taking the opposite stance, explains Sam Curry of Cybereason.
Securing the remote workforce in the new normal
Authors: Grimm John 
Published: February 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has been the catalyst for accelerated worldwide enterprise digital transformation. It created an unprecedented requirement for increased digital capabilities just to ensure that businesses could continue to operate. The speed at which the virus spread and its impact on the way we had to live and work forced companies to act quickly, in many cases prioritising temporary functionality over security to simply survive. The Covid-19 pandemic has been the catalyst for accelerated worldwide enterprise digital transformation. It created an unprecedented requirement for increased capabilities. Now, with government recommendations making remote working the norm rather than a passing phase and a majority of office workers expressing a preference to continue to work some of the week from home even after the pandemic, the question then arises of how security can meet the demands of the modern workforce, says John Grimm of Entrust.
Members of the Clergy before the Maltese Diocesan Court, 1750–1798
Authors: Ciappara Frans 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the procedure of the Maltese diocesan court in dealing with clerical misconduct in the second half of the eighteenth century. The clergy were accused especially of physical and verbal abuse as well as of sexual incontinence. They were given a fair hearing, being assisted by a lawyer, presenting their own witnesses, and having the right to appeal the sentence. The article also discusses how the court tried to protect the clergy's honor and reputation in an attempt to avoid anticlericalism. Convicted priests could stop proceedings against them with a fine, and those of them guilty of immoral behavior were assigned another parish or else transferred to an oratory where they did penance.
Changes in Access to Australian Disability Support Benefits During a Period of Social Welfare Reform
Authors: COLLIE ALEX , SHEEHAN LUKE R , LANE TYLER J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Disability Support Pension (DSP) is the major Australian government financial benefit program for people of working age with medical conditions and disabilities that restrict work capacity. Between 2012 and 2018 a series of policy reforms sought to restrict the growth in DSP payments and encourage more people with some work capacity to seek employment. We characterise changes in three markers of access to disability financial support over the reform period (1) DSP recipient rates (2) DSP grant (approval) rates and (3) the rate of unemployment benefit receipt in people with impaired work capacity. Results demonstrate a significant reduction in DSP receipt and grant rates, and significant increase in the rate of unemployment benefit receipt in working-age Australians with work disabling medical conditions and disability. These changes were not distributed uniformly. People whose primary medical condition was a musculoskeletal or circulatory system disorder demonstrated greater declines in DSP receipt and grant rates, while there was a more rapid increase in unemployment benefit receipt among people with primary mental health conditions. Some trend changes occur in periods during which new disability assessment and pension eligibility policies were introduced, though our ability to attribute changes to specific policy changes is limited.
What do climate change winners owe, and to whom?
Authors: Mintz-Woo Kian , Leroux Justin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate ethics have been concerned with polluter pays, beneficiary pays and ability to pay principles, all of which consider climate change as a single negative externality. This paper considers it as a constellation of externalities, positive and negative, with different associated demands of justice. This is important because explicitly considering positive externalities has not to our knowledge been done in the climate ethics literature. Specifically, it is argued that those who enjoy passive gains from climate change owe gains not to the net losers, but to the emitters, just as the emitters owe compensation to the net losers for the negative externality. This is defended by appeal to theoretical virtues and to the social benefits of generating positive externalities, even when those positive externalities are coupled with far greater negative externalities. We call this the Polluter Pays, Then Receives (‘PPTR', or ‘Peter') Principle.