bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of community pharmacists’ perceptions of their role in primary mental health care in New Zealand
Authors: Morris Caroline , Wong Mary , McKinlay Eileen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Mental illness is an important public health issue internationally. As people with mild-to-moderate illness are usually cared for in primary health care, pharmacists are well placed to play an important role. The study objectives were to explore community pharmacists’ perceptions of their role in primary mental health care and the barriers and facilitators to the provision of care in New Zealand.

Methods
Fifteen face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with practising pharmacists nationally. Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed iteratively using an inductive thematic approach.

Key findings
Support offered to patients with mild-to-moderate mental illness ranged from solely dispensing to providing more holistic, patient-centred care. Three key themes were identified with the potential to influence whether participants were willing and able to support patients. These were pharmacists’ beliefs about their role in primary mental health care, their perception of patients’ needs and the environmental context in which they were practising. The connection to the local community and the philosophy of the business owner were contexts that strongly influenced the support provided.

Conclusions
Community pharmacists have a valuable contribution and role to play in supporting primary mental health care extending well beyond medicines supply and the provision of advice about medicines. Advocacy roles including health system navigation and much broader social support are also possible. The philosophy of the business owner and the actual impact this has on a pharmacist’s practice and the time available to support patients is likely to be influential.
Salvage of a perfectly functioning sacral neuromodulation device (InterStim™) with asymptomatic tined lead wire skin exposure
Authors: Al-Shaiji Tariq F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sacral neuromodulation is a minimally invasive option to manage voiding dysfunction that is refractory to conservative measures and oral pharmacotherapy. The technique involves implantation of a sacral tined lead that is connected to a pulse generator to modulate the pelvic area. The procedure is carried out over two stages. Surgical explantation of the entire device with debridement of the infected tissue is recommended in instances of infection. Nevertheless, solid reports about management of device infections or skin erosions are lacking. Thus, I present a case of a tined lead wire skin exposure in a perfectly functioning device that was salvaged with surgical reposition without complications.
The GALAH survey: Chemical homogeneity of the Orion complex
Authors: Kos Janez , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Buder Sven , Nordlander Thomas , Spina Lorenzo , Beeson Kevin L , Lind Karin , Asplund Martin , Freeman Ken , Hayden Michael R , Lewis Geraint F , Martell Sarah L , Sharma Sanjib , De Silva Gayandhi , Simpson Jeffrey D , Zucker Daniel B , Zwitter Tomaž , Čotar Klemen , Horner Jonti , Ting (丁源森) Yuan-Sen , Traven Gregor 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Due to its proximity, the Orion star forming region is often used as a proxy to study processes related to star formation and to observe young stars in the environment they were born in. With the release of Gaia DR2, the distance measurements to the Orion complex are now good enough that the 3D structure of the complex can be explored. Here we test the hypothesis that, due to non-trivial structure and dynamics, and age spread in the Orion complex, the chemical enrichment of youngest stars by early core-collapse supernovae can be observed. We obtained spectra of 794 stars of the Orion complex with the HERMES spectrograph at the Anglo Australian telescope as a part of the GALAH and GALAH-related surveys. We use the spectra of ∼300 stars to derive precise atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances of 25 elements for 15 stellar clusters in the Orion complex. We demonstrate that the Orion complex is chemically homogeneous and that there was no self-pollution of young clusters by core-collapse supernovae from older clusters; with a precision of 0.02 dex in relative alpha-elements abundance and 0.06 dex in oxygen abundance we would have been able to detect pollution from a single supernova, given a fortunate location of the SN and favourable conditions for ISM mixing. We estimate that the supernova rate in the Orion complex was very low, possibly producing no supernova by the time the youngest stars of the observed population formed (from around 21 to 8 Myr ago).
The MOSDEF survey: the mass–metallicity relationship and the existence of the FMR at z ∼ 1.5
Authors: Topping Michael W , Shapley Alice E , Sanders Ryan L , Kriek Mariska , Reddy Naveen A , Coil Alison L , Mobasher Bahram , Siana Brian , Freeman William R , Shivaei Irene , Azadi Mojegan , Price Sedona H , Leung Gene C K , Fetherolf Tara , de Groot Laura , Zick Tom , Fornasini Francesca M , Barro Guillermo , Runco Jordan N 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyse the rest-optical emission-line ratios of z ∼ 1.5 galaxies drawn from the Multi-Object Spectrometer for Infra-Red Exploration Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. Using composite spectra, we investigate the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) at z ∼ 1.5 and measure its evolution to z = 0. When using gas-phase metallicities based on the N2 line ratio, we find that the MZR evolution from z ∼ 1.5 to z = 0 depends on stellar mass, evolving by $\Delta \rm log(\rm O/H) \sim 0.25$ dex at M*&lt; $10^{9.75}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ down to $\Delta \rm log(\rm O/H) \sim 0.05$ at M* ≳ $10^{10.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. In contrast, the O3N2-based MZR shows a constant offset of $\Delta \rm log(\rm O/H) \sim 0.30$ across all masses, consistent with previous MOSDEF results based on independent metallicity indicators, and suggesting that O3N2 provides a more robust metallicity calibration for our z ∼ 1.5 sample. We investigated the secondary dependence of the MZR on star formation rate (SFR) by measuring correlated scatter about the mean M*-specific SFR and M*−$\log (\rm O3N2)$ relations. We find an anticorrelation between $\log (\rm O/H)$ and sSFR offsets, indicating the presence of a M*−SFR−Z relation, though with limited significance. Additionally, we find that our z ∼ 1.5 stacks lie along the z = 0 metallicity sequence at fixed μ = log (M*/M⊙) − 0.6 × $\log (\rm SFR / M_{\odot } \, yr^{-1})$ suggesting that the z ∼ 1.5 stacks can be described by the z = 0 fundamental metallicity relation (FMR). However, using different calibrations can shift the calculated metallicities off of the local FMR, indicating that appropriate calibrations are essential for understanding metallicity evolution with redshift. Finally, understanding how [N ii]/H α scales with galaxy properties is crucial to accurately describe the effects of blended [N ii] and H α on redshift and H α fiux measurements in future large surveys utilizing low-resolution spectra such as with Euclid and the Roman Space Telescope.
The Deeper, Wider, Faster programme: exploring stellar flare activity with deep, fast cadenced DECam imaging via machine learning
Authors: Webb S , Flynn C , Cooke J , Zhang J , Mahabal A , Abbott T M C , Allen R , Andreoni I , Bird S A , Goode S , Lochner M , Pritchard T 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We present our 500 pc distance-limited study of stellar flares using the Dark Energy Camera as part of the Deeper, Wider, Faster programme. The data were collected via continuous 20-s cadence g-band imaging and we identify 19 914 sources with precise distances from Gaia DR2 within 12, ∼3 deg2, fields over a range of Galactic latitudes. An average of ∼74 min is spent on each field per visit. All light curves were accessed through a novel unsupervised machine learning techniques designed for anomaly detection. We identify 96 flare events occurring across 80 stars, the majority of which are M dwarfs. Integrated flare energies range from ∼1031–1037 erg, with a proportional relationship existing between increased flare energy with increased distance from the Galactic plane, representative of stellar age leading to declining yet more energetic flare events. In agreement with previous studies we observe an increase in flaring fraction from M0 to M6 spectral types. Furthermore, we find a decrease in the flaring fraction of stars as vertical distance from the galactic plane is increased, with a steep decline present around ∼100 pc. We find that $\sim 70{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of identified flares occur on short time-scales of &lt;8 min. Finally, we present our associated flare rates, finding a volumetric rate of 2.9 ± 0.3 × 10−6 flares pc−3 h−1.
Early Experience With Virtual and Synchronized Augmented Reality Platform for Preoperative Planning and Intraoperative Navigation: A Case Series
Authors: Louis Robert G , Steinberg Gary K , Duma Christopher , Britz Gavin , Mehta Vivek , Pace Jonathan , Selman Warren , Jean Walter C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Virtual reality (VR) allows for presurgical planning. Intraoperatively, augmented reality (AR) enables integration of segmented anatomic information with neuronavigation into the microsurgical scene to provide guidance without workflow disruption. Combining VR and AR solutions may help guide microsurgical technique to improve safety, efficiency, and ergonomics.

OBJECTIVE
To describe a VR/AR platform that provides VR planning and intraoperative guidance via microscope ocular injection of a comprehensive AR overlay of patient-specific 360°/3D anatomic model aligned and synchronized with neuronavigation.

METHODS
Custom 360° models from preoperative imaging of 49 patients were utilized for preoperative planning using a VR-based surgical rehearsal platform. Each model was imported to SyncAR, the platform's intraoperative counterpart, which was coregistered with Medtronic StealthStation S8 and Zeiss or Leica microscope. The model was injected into the microscope oculars and referenced throughout by adjusting overlay opacity. For anatomic shifts or misalignment, the overlay was reregistered via manual realignment with known landmarks.

RESULTS
No SyncAR-related complications occurred. SyncAR contributed positively to the 3D understanding of patient-specific anatomy and ability to operate. Preoperative planning and intraoperative AR with 360° models allowed for more precise craniotomy planning and execution. SyncAR was useful for guiding dissection, identifying critical structures including hidden anatomy, understanding regional anatomy, and facilitating resection. Manual realignment was performed in 48/49 surgeries. Gross total resection was achieved in 34/40 surgeries. All aneurysm clipping and microvascular decompression procedures were completed without complications.

CONCLUSION
SyncAR combined with VR planning has potential to enhance surgical performance by providing critical information in a user-friendly, continuously available, heads-up display format.
Woven EndoBridge Embolized Aneurysm Clippings: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Heiferman Daniel M , Peterson Jeremy C , Johnson Kendrick D , Nguyen Vincent N , Dornbos David , Moore Kenneth A , Inoa Violiza , Hoit Daniel A , Arthur Adam S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device (MicroVention, Aliso Viejo, California) is an intrasaccular flow disruptor used for the treatment of both unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms. WEB has been shown to have 54% complete and 85% adequate aneurysm occlusion rates at 1-yr follow-up.
1
Residual and recurrent ruptured aneurysms have been shown to have a higher risk of re-rupture than completely occluded aneurysms.
2
With increased utilization of WEB in the United States, optimizing treatment strategies of residual aneurysms previously treated with the WEB device is essential, including surgical clipping.
3,4
Here, we present an operative video demonstrating the surgical clip occlusion of previously ruptured middle cerebral artery and anterior communicating artery aneurysms that had been treated with the WEB device and had sizable recurrence on follow-up angiography. Informed consent was obtained from both patients. Lessons learned include the following: (1) the WEB device is highly compressible, unlike coils; (2) proximal WEB marker may interfere with clip closure; (3) no evidence of WEB extrusion into the subarachnoid space; (4) no more scarring than expected in ruptured cases; and (5) clipping is a feasible option for treating WEB recurrent or residual aneurysms.
“Save the Nerve”: Technical Nuances for Hearing Preservation and Restoration in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Almefty Rami O , Ibn Essayed Walid , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hearing loss is a significant disability that inflects dysfunction and affects the patient quality of life. Consequently, hearing preservation and the potential of hearing restoration are prized quests in the management of vestibular schwannoma.
1
Although small intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas are commonly observed, progressive hearing loss occurs despite the absence of tumor growth; hence, surgical resection can be performed with the sole aim of hearing preservation in well-informed and eager patients. Hearing preservation by surgical resection has proven to be durable.
1-4
In this group of patients, we concur with Yamakami et al
2
that vascularized meatal flap to reconstruct the canal helps prevent scarring of the cochlear nerve and provides cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bathing to the cochlear nerve, yielding better long-term hearing preservation.
With larger tumors and more severe hearing loss at presentation, microsurgical resection should aim at preserving the cochlear nerve, a goal frequently achievable, which offers the potential for hearing restoration with cochlear implants.
3
The results of cochlear implants in restoration of severe hearing loss have been to say the least most impressive.
5
We demonstrate these 2 frequently encountered clinical situations with 2 surgical videos showing specific surgical tenets, including intra-arachnoidal dissection, medial to lateral manipulation of the tumor, preservation of the labyrinthine artery, as well as reconstruction of the internal auditory canal.
2,3,6,7
The patients consented to the surgery and to the publication of their picture in a surgical video.
Illustration in video © 1997 O. Al-Mefty. Used with permission. All rights reserved.
Resection of Giant Invasive Parasagittal Atypical Meningioma With a Venous Graft Reconstruction of the Sagittal Sinus: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Aboud Emad , Tamer Wardan Almir , Ibn Essayed Walid , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Parasagittal meningioma becomes challenging when it involves the sagittal sinus and frequently invades the skull
1
; hence, resection of the invasive bone and management of the involved sinus are the two crucial issues in these tumors; notwithstanding the practice of conservative surgical resection coupled with irradiation (radiosurgery or stereotactic radiotherapy),
2
radical surgical removal, including the invaded bone and sinus (Simpson grade I), alleviates recurrences. It is more valuable and particularly recommended in grade II meningiomas,
3
since radical surgery is the principal factor in a long control of grade II meningioma
4
and radiation effectiveness is directly related to gross total removal.
5
On the other hand, removal of tumor involving the sinus and sinus reconstruction has been recommended and practiced for years.
6-10
When the sinus is occluded, preservation of the collateral venous drainage becomes paramount.
11
If the collateral venous drainage included cutaneous and dural channels, as in this patient, reconstructing of the sinus would become preventative of a major venous complication. Sindou et al
8
even advocate the routine reconstruction of occluded sinus to minimize morbidity.
The patient is 39 yr old with a giant parasagittal meningioma that invaded the skull, occluded the sinus at the mid-third, and had venous collateral through the dura and cutaneous veins. He underwent radical resection with reconstruction of the sinus by saphenous vein graft. Patient consented for the operation and publication of images.
Illustrations at 1:51 and 2:15 from Al-Mefty O, Operative Atlas of Meningiomas, © LWW, 1997, with permission.
Lower Hounsfield Units at the Upper Instrumented Vertebrae are Significantly Associated With Proximal Junctional Kyphosis and Failure Near the Thoracolumbar Junction
Authors: Mikula Anthony L , Fogelson Jeremy L , Lakomkin Nikita , Flanigan Patrick M , Pinter Zachariah W , Doan Matthew K , Bydon Mohamad , Nassr Ahmad , Freedman Brett , Sebastian Arjun S , Abode-Iyamah Kingsley , Anderson Paul A , Elder Benjamin D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Low bone mineral density (BMD) on dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is likely a risk factor for proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF). However, prior instrumentation and degenerative changes can preclude a lumbar BMD measurement. Hounsfield units (HU) represent an alternative method to estimate BMD via targeted measurements at the intended operative levels.

OBJECTIVE
To determine if patients with lower HU at the upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) and vertebral body superior to the UIV (UIV + 1) are at greater risk for PJK and PJF.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review identified patients at least 50 yr of age who underwent instrumented lumbar fusion with pelvic fixation, a UIV from T10 to L2, and a preoperative computed tomography (CT) encompassing the UIV. HU were measured at the UIV, UIV + 1, and the L3-L4 vertebral bodies.

RESULTS
A total of 150 patients (80 women and 70 men) were included with an average age of 66 yr and average follow-up of 32 mo. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 demonstrated HU at the UIV/UIV + 1 as the only independent predictor of PJK/PJF with an odds ratio of 0.94 (P-value = .031) for a change in a single HU. Patients with HU at UIV/UIV + 1 of <110 (n = 35), 110 to 160 (n = 73), and >160 (n = 42) had a rate of PJK/PJF of 63%, 27%, and 12%, respectively (P-value < .001).

CONCLUSION
Patients with lower HU at the UIV and UIV + 1 were significantly associated with PJK and PJF, with an optimal cutoff of 122 HU that maximizes sensitivity and specificity.
To return or not to return: on post-Anthropocene and the pandemic
Authors: Rivas Virgilio A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Some studies indirectly link the pandemic to the Anthropocene. However, this brief essay identifies the Anthropocene as a Western-bred phenomenon, which has evolved from Europe’s colonial past. Pandemics are not new to settler colonialism, for instance. In this broader framework, the Covid-19 pandemic comes at a time when the West is confronting a new challenge to its global influence, i.e. the climate emergency resulting from a long history of colonial experiments, successes and failures.
Microarchitecture of titanium cylinders obtained by additive manufacturing does not influence osseointegration in the sheep
Authors: Rony Louis , Aguado Eric , Verlee Bruno , Pascaretti-Grizon Florence , Chappard Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Large bone defects are a challenge for orthopedic surgery. Natural (bone grafts) and synthetic biomaterials have been proposed but several problems arise such as biomechanical resistance or viral/bacterial safety. The use of metallic foams could be a solution to improve mechanical resistance and promote osseointegration of large porous metal devices. Titanium cylinders have been prepared by additive manufacturing (3D printing/rapid prototyping) with a geometric or trabecular microarchitecture. They were implanted in the femoral condyles of aged ewes; the animals were left in stabling for 90 and 270 days. A double calcein labeling was done before sacrifice; bones were analyzed by histomorphometry. Neither bone volume, bone/titanium interface nor mineralization rate were influenced by the cylinder’s microarchitecture; the morphometric parameters did not significantly increase over time. Bone anchoring occurred on the margins of the cylinders and some trabeculae extended in the core of the cylinders but the amount of bone inside the cylinders remained low. The rigid titanium cylinders preserved bone cells from strains in the core of the cylinders. Additive manufacturing is an interesting tool to prepare 3D metallic scaffolds, but microarchitecture does not seem as crucial as expected and anchoring seems limited to the first millimeters of the graft.
Oncologists’ experience with discussing cancer prognosis with patients and families: perspectives from India
Authors: Maya Sravannthi , Banerjee Smita C , Chawak Shweta , Parker Patricia A , Kandikattu Sreekanth , Chittem Mahati 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNondisclosure of prognosis of advanced cancer is commonly practiced in some Asian cultures including India; but research is limited. To describe experiences of Indian oncologists in discussing cancer prognosis with people with cancer and their caregivers, with a focus on barriers and facilitators of prognostic discussions. Thirty oncologists practicing in South India, Hyderabad participated in semi-structured interviews; and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Barriers included system-level, patient-level, and physician-level challenges as obstructions to open and honest interactions around cancer prognosis. Most of the barriers focused on communication-related challenges. Lack of communication skills training for providers coupled with over-reliance on use of euphemisms, hesitation in communicating with “weak” patient, and struggles to establish healthcare proxy described communication-related barriers. The study also described factors including family involvement in cancer care and empathic communication as facilitators of honest and open communication about prognosis. In particular, rapport building and getting to know the patient, use of empathic communication, engaging in gradual and individualized disclosure, and balancing hope with honesty were communication-related facilitators that aid open communication with patients with cancer and their caregivers about prognosis and plan of care. Results provide implications for development of communication skills trainings for oncology physicians in India. Adapting, delivering, and evaluating existing communication skills training programs, particularly around discussions of prognosis and goals of care is a requisite step for providing patient-centered and supportive care to patients with cancer and their caregiving families.