bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Global Rating Scales and Checklists in Clinical Simulation-Based Assessments: A Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Henrico Karien , Makkink Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Assessment in health sciences education remains a hotly debated topic, with measures of competency and how to determine them in simulation-based assessments enjoying much of the focus. Global rating scales (GRS) and checklists enjoy widespread use within simulation-based education but there is a question regarding how the two strategies are used within clinical simulation assessment. The aim of this proposed scoping review is therefore to explore, map and summarise the nature, range and extent of published literature available relating to the use of GRS and checklists in clinical simulation-based assessment.
Methods
We will follow the methodological frameworks and updates described by Arksey and O’Malley, Levac, Colquhoun and O'Brien, and Peters, Marnie and Tricco et al and will report using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. We will search PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, the DOAJ, and several sources of grey literature. We developed a search strategy in collaboration with an experienced research librarian and include an example of a full electronic search in this article. We will screen all titles and abstracts and relevant full-text articles and extract the relevant data using the data extraction form. Quantitative data will be presented as will a narrative account of all included studies. We will import the narrative into Atlas.ti and use thematic analysis to identify themes and map the data. We will be including all identified sources published in English after 1 January 2010 that relate to the use of GRS and/or checklists in clinical simulation-based assessments.
Discussion
The overview of literature produced will help to identify knowledge gaps and inform future research in the use of GRS and checklists in clinical simulation-based assessments. This information will be valuable and useful for all stakeholders that are interested in clinical simulation-based assessments.
Scoping review protocol registration:
Open Science Framework (OSF) submitted on 26 November 2021 and available at https://osf.io/7yfbq.
Benefits of Pharmacist Intervention in the Critical Care Geriatric Patients with Infectious Diseases: A Propensity Score Matching Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gu Hongyan , Sun Lulu , Sheng Bo , Gu Xuyun , Wang Suozhu , Liu Lei , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background The variabilities of the pharmacotherapeutics’ efficacy and safety in the ICU geriatric patients further highlighted the importance of optimization of antimicrobial therapy. The aim of our study was to assess the impacts of clinical pharmacist intervention on antibiotic use, cost outcomes, and clinical benefits of the geriatric patients with infectious diseases in the critical care unit (ICU). Methods A propensity score matching (PSM) retrospective cohort study was undertaken in ICU patients with infectious diseases from 2017 to 2019. Baseline demographic, pharmacists’ activities and clinical outcomes including the patients’ mortality, antibiotic utilization, length of ICU stay (LOS), and costs of the drugs were compared between these two groups. Univariate analysis and bivariate logistic regression were adopted to illustrate the influencing factors on the mortality outcome. Results Of 1523 patients evaluated during the observed period, a total of 102 geriatric ICU patients with infectious diseases were enrolled in each group after PSM matching. Top 5 recommendations occurred by the pharmacist were medication regimen adjustments by diseases on progression, medication regimen adjustments by microbial results, drug withdrawal by full treatment courses, suggestions for TDM and medication regimen adjustments by de-escalation. The antibiotic use density (AUD) of all antibiotics consumed decreased significantly (p=0.018) from 241.91 DDD/100 bed days in the control group to 176.64 DDD/100 bed days in the pharmacist exposed group. AUD proportion was dropped in carbapenems from 23.07% to 14.43% and tetracyclines from 11.56% to 6.26% after pharmacist interventions. Although the mortality or LOS had no statistical difference between these two groups, the total cost of antibiotics was reduced significantly from $836.3 (IQR 426.88, 1682.09) in the control group to $362.15 (IQR 148.23, 1034.4) (p＜0.001) in the pharmacist intervention group, and cost for all the medications were reduced from $2868.18 ($1268.44, $5059.00) to $1941.5 ($1092.89, $3538.97) (p=0.016). Univariate analyses showed that there was no statistically difference in pharmacist intervention between the groups of survival and death (p=0.288) Conclusions The services provided by the critical care pharmacist could promote the rational use of drugs, which benefit both ICU geriatric patient and hospital care.
An Energy Efficient Control Strategy for Electric Vehicle Driven by In-Wheel-Motors Based on Discrete Adaptive Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhou Changzhi , Wang Chunyan , Zhao Wanzhong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an energy efficient control strategy for electric vehicle (EV) driven by in-wheel-motors (IWMs) based on discrete adaptive sliding mode control (DASMC). The nonlinear vehicle model, tire model and the IWM model are established at first to represent the operation mechanism of the whole system. Based on the modeling, two virtual control variables are used to represent the longitudinal and yaw control efforts to coordinate the vehicle motion control. Then DASMC method is applied to calculate the required total driving torque and yaw moment, which can improve the tracking performance as well as the system robustness. According to the vehicle nonlinear model, the additional yaw moment can be expressed as a function of longitudinal and lateral tire forces. For further control scheme development, a tire force estimator using unscented Kalman filter is designed to estimate real-time tire forces. On these bases, energy efficient torque allocation method is developed to distribute the total driving torque and differential torque to each IWM, considering the motor energy consumption, the tire slip energy consumption and the brake energy recovery. Simulation results of the proposed control strategy using co-platform of Matlab/Simulink and CarSim® demonstrate that it can accomplish the vehicle motion control in a coordinated and economic way.
MiR-130a-3p Regulates the Glycolysis via Targeting PDK1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Hai-Long , Shi Jie , Qi Qi , Huang Yue , Liu Chi , Lin Ping , Tang Jie-Bing , Yu Xiaoguang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
MiR-130a-3p has been certified to have low expression in several types of tumors. However, the function of miR-130a-3p in glucose metabolism and hepatocellular carcinoma progression is still elusive. Here we report that miR-130a-3p has explicitly low expression in human HCC tissues and cells and is closely related to the patient's tumor size and grade. Overexpression of miR-130a-3p significantly inhibits the glucose metabolism, proliferation and migration of HCC cells in vitro. In order to further study the effects of miR-130a-3p in the glucose metabolism of HCC cells, we found that overexpression of miR-130a-3p significantly inhibited the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). Consistently, we confirmed that PDK1 is the target gene of miR-130a-3p through dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Cell rescue experiments showed that PDK1 inhibitors reversed the enhancement of cell proliferation, migration and glucose metabolism by miR-130a-3p inhibitor in Hep3B cells. In terms of mechanism, overexpression of miR-130a-3p targeted and inhibited the expression of PDK1, after which pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is activated, thus glycolysis is inhibited, the production of lactic acid and ATP is reduced, and the ability to proliferate and migrate in HCC cells is weakened. In conclusion, our study highlights efforts to target PDK1 and miR-130a-3p as potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC.
Context-specific emergence and growth of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant
Authors: Kraemer Moritz , McCrone John , Hill Verity , Bajaj Sumali , Evans-Pena Rosario , Lambert Ben , Inward Rhys , Bhatt Samir , Volz Erik , Ruis Christopher , Dellicour Simon , Baele Guy , Zarebski Alexander , Sadilek Adam , Wu Neo , Schneider Aaron , Ji Xiang , Raghwani Jayna , Jackson Ben , Colquhoun Rachel , O'Toole Aine , Peacock Thomas , Twohig Kate , Thelwall Simon , Dabrera Gavin , Meyers Richard , Faria Nuno , Huber Carmen , Khan Kamran , Bogoch Isaac , Plessis Louis , Barrett Jeffrey , Aanensen David , Barclay Wendy , Chand Meera , Connor Thomas , Loman Nicholas , Suchard Marc , Pybus Oliver , Rambaut Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Delta variant of concern of SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally causing large outbreaks and resurgences of COVID-19 cases. The emergence of Delta in the UK occurred on the background of a heterogeneous landscape of immunity and relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Here we analyse 52,992 Delta genomes from England in combination with 93,649 global genomes to reconstruct the emergence of Delta, and quantify its introduction to and regional dissemination across England, in the context of changing travel and social restrictions. Through analysis of human movement, contact tracing, and virus genomic data, we find that the focus of geographic expansion of Delta shifted from India to a more global pattern in early May 2021. In England, Delta lineages were introduced >1,000 times and spread nationally as non-pharmaceutical interventions were relaxed. We find that hotel quarantine for travellers from India reduced onward transmission from importations; however the transmission chains that later dominated the Delta wave in England had been already seeded before restrictions were introduced. In England, increasing inter-regional travel drove Delta's nationwide dissemination, with some cities receiving >2,000 observable lineage introductions from other regions. Subsequently, increased levels of local population mixing, not the number of importations, was associated with faster relative growth of Delta. Among US states, we find that regions that previously experienced large waves also had faster Delta growth rates, and a model including interactions between immunity and human behaviour could accurately predict the rise of Delta there. Delta’s invasion dynamics depended on fine scale spatial heterogeneity in immunity and contact patterns and our findings will inform optimal spatial interventions to reduce transmission of current and future VOCs such as Omicron.
Modeling and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Valve-controlled Helical Hydraulic Rotary Actuator System
Authors: Zhang Kun , ZHANG Junhui , Gan Minyao , Zong Huaizhi , Wang Ximeng , Huang Hsinpu , Su Qi , Xu Bing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As a kind of hydraulic rotary actuator, helical hydraulic rotary actuator has the excellent characteristics of large angle, high torque and compact structure, which has been widely used in various fields. However, the core technology is in the hands of several companies and has not been disclosed, and the relevant reports are mostly limited to the component level. From the perspective of designing the driving system, the dynamic characteristics of the output when the helical rotary actuator is applied to the closed-loop system are explored. There are two main problems to be studied: one is to establish a reliable mathematical model, and the other is to consider the influence of system parameter perturbation on the output in practice. In this paper, firstly, the dynamic model of valve-controlled helical rotary actuator angle closed-loop system is derived in detail, which has never been reported in the existing literature. Then, the sensitivity analysis of 23 main parameters in the model with perturbation of 10% is carried out under nine working conditions. Finally, the system dynamics model and the sensitivity analysis results are verified by the prototype experiment and co-simulation, which shows the reliability of the theoretical results in this paper.
Cannabidiol Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Cardiac Inflammatory Response and Necrosis through The PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Nie Qianyun , Dong Wenjuan , Shen Baoyu , Yang Genmeng , Yu Hao , Zhang Ruilin , Peng Yanxia , Yu Yang , Hong Shijun , Li Lihua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is a major global public health problem, with cardiovascular issues becoming an increasingly recognized complication. Cannabidiol (CBD) has gained recent attention, due to its various pharmacological properties. However, whether CBD has therapeutic effects on MA-induced cardiotoxicity remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether CBD has a protective or therapeutic effect on MA-induced cardiac damage in rats via the protein kinase A (PKA)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding (CREB) signaling pathway. Thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups. The rats were administered MA by intraperitoneal injection (IP) once a day for 4 weeks, with CBD (40 or 80 mg/kg, IP) treatment 1 h prior to the MA injections. Body and heart weights were measured, and morphological changes were determined using hematoxylin & eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The protein expression levels of PKA, phospho-PKA (p-PKA), CREB, phospho-CREB (p-CREB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the myocardium were detected by western blot analysis. Results showed that the heart-to-body weight ratio increased significantly following MA administration but decreased with CBD treatment. Chronic administration of MA resulted in a cardiac inflammatory response and progressive development of fibrosis, while CBD treatment attenuated these lesions in a dose-dependent manner. MA administration increased IL-6 but decreased IL-10 levels, which were reversed by CBD pretreatment. Moreover, MA significantly increased the cTnI level, but this was decreased by CBD treatment at 80 mg/kg. The protein expression levels of PKA, p-PKA, CREB, and p-CREB increased following MA administration, but significantly decreased with CBD treatment. Overall, these results indicate that chronic MA administration leads to cardiotoxicity, including cardiac inflammatory response, fibrosis, and myocardial necrosis, but these effects can be attenuated by CBD pretreatment. Our research suggests a potential application of CBD for MA-induced cardiotoxicity, which may attenuate inflammatory response and necrosis through the PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
Group 1 Innate Lymphocyte-Derived IFN-γ Regulates Macrophage Alternative Activation In Colon Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yandong , Ma Shu , Li Tie , Tian Yu , Zhou Huangao , Wang Hongsheng , Huang Lan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is an important innate immune cell-subset in tumor microenvironment, and that is also a pivotal orchestrator of tumor-promoting inflammation and tumor progression. Evidence proved that TAMs are up-regulated in a great number of cancers, and most of them are alternative activated M2 phenotype, which greatly promote the progress of cancer diseases. Group 1 innate lymphocytes including conventional NK cells and type 1 innate lymphocytes (ILC1s), are abundant in intestinal tissue, and characterized by expressing transcription factor T-bet and secreting interferon (IFN)-γ, which can promote the macrophage to classically activated anti-tumor M1 phenotype. However, the relationship between these two cell subsets remains unclear in colon cancer. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of M1 phenotype macrophage, M2 phenotype macrophage and group 1 innate lymphocytes in colon cancer tissue and paracancer healthy colon tissue of AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer mice model. In vitro isolating group 1 innate lymphocytes and inducing bone marrow-derived macrophage to detect the cross-talk when co-cultured. Adoptively transfer or blocking group 1 innate lymphocytes in vivo to investigate the role of group 1 innate lymphocytes on tumor-infiltrating macrophage and the tumor growth. Results: We found that M1 phenotype macrophage and group 1 innate lymphocytes were down-regulated in colon cancer tissue, and they were positively correlated. Group 1 innate lymphocytes promoted macrophage to classically activated M1 phenotype in vitro, and that could be blocked by anti-IFN-γ. In vivo results showed that the administration of group 1 innate lymphocytes-blocking antibody anti-NK1.1 could decrease the number of M1 phenotype macrophage in tumor tissue of MC38 tumor-bearing mice and promote the tumor growth, while adoptively transferring group 1 innate lymphocytes led to tumor-inhibiting and level of M1 phenotype macrophage up-regulating in MC38 tumor-bearing mice. Conclusions: Our studies preliminarily prove that group 1 innate lymphocytes promote the alternative activation of M1 macrophage by secreting IFN-γ to inhibit the progress of colon cancer for the first time, which may provide an insight in the immunotherapy of colon cancer.
SYT1 Gene-Wide Analysis on White Matter Microstructure in Adulthood ADHD
Authors: Cupertino Renata Basso , Silva Bruna Santos da , Schuch Jaqueline Bohrer , Bandeira Cibele Edom , Tavares Maria Eduarda , Cunha Pamela Ferreira da , Picon Felipe Almeida , Vitola Eduardo Schneider , Rovaris Diego Luiz , Grevet Eugenio Horacio , Bau Claiton Henrique Dotto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Synaptotagmin-1 encoding gene (SYT1) is a key regulator of neurotransmitter release and is associated with cognitive and psychiatric phenotypes in GWAS, and with ADHD in single-gene studies, raising the need for dissecting possible cross-trait effects on clinical and brain phenotypes. Inferences about white matter microstructure can be made by diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI), which makes this method a promising tool in the understanding of biological changes that underpin cognitive functions and brain disorders. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects multiple functioning domains, highly overlapping with other psychiatric disorders, and known to involve white matter abnormalities and neurotransmission dysfunction. Using a set-based analysis, the present study investigates how genetic variants within SYT1 might affect brain white matter at a cellular level using DTI in adults with ADHD (n = 85). The combined effect of all measured variations in the gene (i.e., 468 variants) was evaluated concerning specific white matter tracts. Set-based analysis was performed in PLINK software and followed by in silico analysis of all variants included in the study. SYT1 gene was nominally associated with white matter changes in two important tracts: forceps major and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. In addition, two regions within the SYT1 have more consistent associations with different white matter tracts. These findings endorse the involvement of SYT1 on psychiatric phenotypes and suggest that white matter tracts underlie this complex relationship.
Incorporating Shear Stiffness into Post-Fire Debris Flow Triggering Models
Authors: MOSS ROBB , Lyman Noah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Current post-fire debris flow triggering models consider predictor variables accounting for; rainfall intensity, rainfall accumulation, area burned, burned intensity, geology, slope, and others. These models represent the physical process of debris flow initiation and subsequent shear failure by quantifying near-surface soil characteristics. By including shear wave velocity as a proxy for sediment shear stiffness, models can better inform the likelihood of particle dislocation, contractive or dilative volume changes, and downslope displacement that results from debris flows. This broadly available variable common to other hazard predictions, such as liquefaction analysis, provides good coverage in the watersheds of interest for debris flow predictions. A logistic regression is used to compare the new variable against currently used variables for predictive post-fire debris flow triggering models. We find that the new variable produces improved performance in prediction of triggering while capturing the physics of sediment failing in a shearing and flow-type response. Additional suggestions are presented for utilizing statistical cross-validation methods to advance prediction performance, and the utility of different variables for quick assessment of likelihood during eminent high intensity rainfall events.
Effects of Anesthesia on Ozone-Induced Lung and Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Wilson Miranda L. , Thysell Jarl A. , Baumann Kristen K. , Quaranta Daniel V. , Liang W. Sandy , Erickson Michelle Ann 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Anesthetics are required for procedures that deliver drugs/biologics, infectious/inflammatory agents, and toxicants directly to the lungs. However, the possible confounding effects of anesthesia on lung inflammation and injury are underreported. Here, we tested the effects of brief isoflurane (Iso) or ketamine/xylazine/atipamezole (K/X/A) anesthesia prior to ozone exposure (4 hours, 3ppm) on lung inflammatory responses in mice. Anesthesia regimens modeled those used for non-surgical intratracheal instillations, and were administered 1-2 hours or 24 hours prior to initiating ozone exposure. We found that Iso given 1-2 hours prior to ozone inhibited inflammatory responses in the lung, and this effect was absent when Iso was given 23-24 hours prior to ozone. In contrast, K/X/A given 1-2 hours prior to ozone increased lung and systemic inflammation. Our results highlight the need to comprehensively evaluate anesthesia as an experimental variable in the assessment of lung inflammation in response to ozone and other inflammatory stimuli.
Substance use among street children in the city of Yaounde, Cameroon
Authors: Mabouopda Varela , Toguem Michael Guy , Noche Christelle Domngang , Eyoum Christian , Djemo Jean-baptiste Fotso 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Substance use is known to be more common among street children. Sometimes responsible for the runaway and repeated run-away behavior. To be able to reinsert these children, the reasons why there joined the streets, why they use substance and their pattern of substance use need to be understood.
Methods
We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional mix method study in February 2021 in the streets of Yaounde. We did a semi-structured interview of 159 street children using a sociodemographic questionnaire made of open questions and, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, version 3.0. The data were analyzed using R 4.1.0 for Windows.
Results
All street children were male. The most common reason for joining the streets was, questing for money, reported by one-quarter of the children. 60% of them used a substance, of which half used a substance because of peer pressure. The most commonly used substance was cannabis (36.48%), followed by Tobacco (35.85%). 14.47% were dependent on tobacco and 11.32% on cannabis.
Conclusion
Substance use and substance use disorders are highly common among street children of Yaounde. This needs to be addressed to facilitate their reinsertion as shown in other studies. The mechanisms that lead to the absences of girls in the streets should also be explored to see if they can be applied to boys.