bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bedrock gorge incision via anthropogenic meander cutoff
Authors: Bender Adrian M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bedrock river-gorge incision represents a fundamental landscape-shaping process, but a dearth of observational data at &gt;10 yr timescales impedes understanding of gorge formation. I quantify 102 yr rates and processes of gorge incision using historical records, field observations, and topographic and image analysis of a human-caused bedrock meander cutoff along the North Fork Fortymile River in Alaska (USA). Miners cut off the meander in 1900 CE, abruptly lowering local base level by 6 m and forcing narrowing and steepening of the channel across a knickpoint that rapidly incised upstream. Tectonic quiescence, consistent rock erosivity, and low millennial erosion rates provide ideal boundary conditions for this 102 yr gorge-formation experiment. Initial fast knickpoint propagation (23 m/yr; 1900–1903 CE) slowed (4 m/yr; 1903–1981 CE) to diffusion (1981–2019 CE) as knickpoint slope decreased, yielding an ~350-m-long, 6-m-deep gorge within the pre–1900 CE channel. Today, diffusion dominates incision of a 500-m-long knickzone upstream of the gorge, where sediment transport likely limits ongoing adjustments to the anthropogenic cutoff. Results elucidate channel width, slope, discharge, and sediment dynamics consistent with a gradual transition from detachment- to transport-limited incision in fluvial adjustment to local base-level lowering.
Water in omphacite fingerprints the thermal history of eclogites
Authors: Jiang Peilin , Liu Hanyong , Skogby Henrik , Chen Ren-Xu , Yang Xiaozhi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Omphacite is a diagnostic mineral of high- and ultrahigh-pressure rocks, and its association with garnet is characteristic of eclogites from subduction-related massifs and volcano-entrained xenoliths. Omphacite can accommodate significant amounts of water as structurally bound hydroxyl (OH) groups, and is able to convey water into Earth's interior. We show, for the first time, experimental evidence that the infrared absorption patterns of water in omphacite are temperature sensitive. This provides a new framework for discriminating water in natural omphacite equilibrated at different temperatures. We also demonstrate that in low-temperature omphacite, the integral absorbance ratio between the infrared OH absorption bands at 3620 cm−1 and 3450 cm−1 is linearly related to temperature. Water in omphacite of massif eclogites records the temperature of OH equilibrium, allowing reconstruction of the fluid-involved thermal history and tectonics of rock evolution.
Late Cretaceous upper-crustal thermal structure of the Sevier hinterland: Implications for the geodynamics of the Nevadaplano
Authors: Blackford Nolan R. , Long Sean P. , Stout Austin , Rodgers David W. , Cooper C.M. , Kramer Kimberly , Di Fiori Russell V. , Soignard Emmanuel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Crustal temperature conditions can strongly influence the evolution of deformation during orogenesis. The Sevier hinterland plateau in Nevada and western Utah (“Nevadaplano”) experienced a Late Cretaceous episode of shallow-crustal metamorphism and granitic magmatism. Here, we investigate the thermal history of the Nevadaplano by measuring peak thermal field gradients attained in the upper 10–20 km of the crust along an east-west transect through nine ranges in eastern Nevada and western Utah, by integrating Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material thermometry and published conodont alteration indices with reconstructed cross sections. Thermal field gradients of 29 ± 3 °C/km were obtained in the House and Confusion Ranges in westernmost Utah. The Deep Creek, Schell Creek, and Egan Ranges in easternmost Nevada yielded elevated gradients of 49 ± 7 °C/km, 36 ± 3 °C/km, and 32 ± 6 °C/km, respectively. Moving westward, the White Pine, Butte, Pancake, and Fish Creek Ranges exhibit gradients typically between ~20–30 °C/km. The elevated thermal gradients in easternmost Nevada are interpreted to have been attained during ca. 70–90 Ma granitic magmatism and metamorphism and imply possible partial melting at ~18 km depths. Our data are compatible with published interpretations of Late Cretaceous lithospheric mantle delamination under the Sevier hinterland, which triggered lower-crustal anatexis and the resulting rise of granitic melts. The lack of evidence for structures that could have accommodated deep burial of rocks in the nearby Northern Snake Range metamorphic core complex, combined with thermal gradients from adjacent ranges that are ~1.5–3 times higher than those implied by thermobarometry in the Northern Snake Range, further highlights the debate over possible tectonic overpressure in Cordilleran core complexes. Cross-section retro-deformation defines 73.4 ± 4.6 km (76 ± 8%) of extension across eastern Nevada and 15 km of shortening in the Eastern Nevada fold belt.
Epitope spreading driven by the joint action of CART cells and pharmacological STING stimulation counteracts tumor escape via antigen-loss variants
Authors: Conde Enrique , Vercher Enric , Soria-Castellano Marta , Suarez-Olmos Jesús , Mancheño Uxua , Elizalde Edurne , Rodriguez M Luis , Glez-Vaz Javier , Casares Noelia , Rodríguez-García Estefanía , Hommel Mirja , González-Aseguinolaza Gloria , Uranga-Murillo Iratxe , Pardo Julian , Alkorta Gorka , Melero Ignacio , Lasarte Juan , Hervas-Stubbs Sandra 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundTarget antigen (Ag) loss has emerged as a major cause of relapse after chimeric antigen receptor T (CART)-cell therapy. We reasoned that the combination of CART cells, with the consequent tumor debulking and release of Ags, together with an immunomodulatory agent, such as the stimulator of interferon gene ligand (STING-L) 2′3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (2′3′-cGAMP), may facilitate the activation of an endogenous response to secondary tumor Ags able to counteract this tumor escape mechanism.MethodsMice bearing B16-derived tumors expressing prostate-specific membrane Ag or gp75 were treated systemically with cognate CART cells followed by intratumoral injections of 2′3′-cGAMP. We studied the target Ag inmunoediting by CART cells and the effect of the CART/STING-L combination on the control of STING-L-treated and STING-L-non-treated tumors and on the endogenous antitumor T-cell response. The role of Batf3-dependent dendritic cells (DCs), stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling and perforin (Perf)-mediated killing in the efficacy of the combination were analyzed.ResultsUsing an immune-competent solid tumor model, we showed that CART cells led to the emergence of tumor cells that lose the target Ag, recreating the cancer immunoediting effect of CART-cell therapy. In this setting, the CART/STING-L combination, but not the monotherapy with CART cells or STING-L, restrained tumor progression and enhanced overall survival, showing abscopal effects on distal STING-L-non-treated tumors. Interestingly, a secondary immune response against non-chimeric antigen receptor-targeted Ags (epitope spreading), as determined by major histocompatibility complex-I-tetramer staining, was fostered and its intensity correlated with the efficacy of the combination. This was consistent with the oligoclonal expansion of host T cells, as revealed by in-depth T-cell receptor repertoire analysis. Moreover, only in the combination group did the activation of endogenous T cells translate into a systemic antitumor response. Importantly, the epitope spreading and the antitumor effects of the combination were fully dependent on host STING signaling and Batf3-dependent DCs, and were partially dependent on Perf release by CART cells. Interestingly, the efficacy of the CART/STING-L treatment also depended on STING signaling in CART cells.ConclusionsOur data show that 2′3′-cGAMP is a suitable adjuvant to combine with CART-cell therapy, allowing the induction of an endogenous T-cell response that prevents the outgrowth of Ag-loss tumor variants.
Impact of cancer on short-term in-hospital mortality after primary acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zheng Robert , Kusunose Kenya , Okushi Yuichiro , Okayama Yoshihiro , Nakai Michikazu , Sumita Yoko , Ise Takayuki , Yamaguchi Koji , Yagi Shusuke , Fukuda Daiju , Yamada Hirotsugu , Soeki Takeshi , Wakatsuki Tetsuzo , Sata Masataka 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are the second most common cause of mortality among cancer survivors, after death from cancer. We sought to assess the impact of cancer on the short-term outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), by analysing data obtained from a large-scale database.MethodsThis study was based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases and the Diagnosis Procedure Combination. We identified patients who were hospitalised for primary AMI between April 2012 and March 2017. Propensity Score (PS) was estimated with logistic regression model, with cancer as the dependent variable and 21 clinically relevant covariates. The main outcome was in-hospital mortality.ResultsWe split 1 52 208 patients into two groups with or without cancer. Patients with cancer tended to be older (cancer group 73±11 years vs non-cancer group 68±13 years) and had smaller body mass index (cancer group 22.8±3.6 vs non-cancer 23.9±4.3). More patients in the non-cancer group had hypertension or dyslipidaemia than their cancer group counterparts. The non-cancer group also had a higher rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (cancer 92.6% vs non-cancer 95.2%). Patients with cancer had a higher 30-day mortality (cancer 6.0% vs non-cancer 5.3%) and total mortality (cancer 8.1% vs non-cancer 6.1%) rate, but this was statistically insignificant after PS matching.ConclusionCancer did not significantly impact short-term in-hospital mortality rates after hospitalisation for primary AMI.
Value of imaging to guide interventional procedures in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: a systematic literature review informing EULAR points to consider
Authors: Bosch Philipp , Carubbi Francesco , Scirè Carlo Alberto , Baraliakos Xenofon , Falzon Louise , Dejaco Christian , Machado Pedro M 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo summarise current data on the value of imaging to guide interventional procedures in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease (RMDs) informing an European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology taskforce.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted to retrieve prospective and retrospective studies published in English and comparing different (imaging) techniques, different settings and procedural protocols to guide interventions in patients with RMDs. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Epistemonikos databases were searched through October 2021. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool for randomised trials V.2 (ROB2), the RoB tool for Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions and the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies.ResultsSixty-six studies were included (most with moderate/high RoB); 49 were randomised controlled trials, three prospective cohort studies and 14 retrospective studies. Fifty-one studies compared either one imaging technique with another imaging technique, or with palpation-guided interventions. Ultrasound (US) was most frequently studied (49/51), followed by fluoroscopy (10/51). Higher accuracy was found for US or fluoroscopy compared with palpation-guided interventions. Studies comparing different imaging techniques (12/51) did not endorse one specific method. Different settings/equipment for imaging-guided procedures (eg, automatic vs manual syringes) were investigated in three studies, reporting heterogeneous results. Fifteen studies compared different imaging-guided procedures (eg, intra-articular vs periarticular injections).ConclusionHigher accuracy of needle positioning at joints and periarticular structures was seen in most studies when using imaging (especially US) guidance as compared with palpation-guided interventions with the limitation of heterogeneity of data and considerable RoB.
Searching for clusters of targets under stochastic resetting
Authors: Calvert Georgia R. , Evans Martin R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We consider diffusion under stochastic resetting to the origin in one dimension and compute the mean time to find both of two targets placed either side of the origin. A surprising result is that increasing the distance between two targets can decrease the overall search time. We compute the optimal arrangement of two targets in limiting cases. We generalise to obtain recursive expressions for the mean time to find all of multiple targets. We discuss the relevance to real-world problems of locating multiple targets such as proteins locating clusters of DNA lesions.

Graphic abstract
Observational appearances of a f(R) global monopole black hole illuminated by various accretions
Authors: Li Guo-Ping , He Ke-Jian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we explore three simple models of accretions on a global monopole black hole in f(R) theory, and numerically study the corresponding observational appearances as seen by an observer located at the asymptotic infinity and the certain region out of black hole. For the thin-disk accretion, the results here show that the brighter lensing ring and the darker photon ring that around black hole shadow, always make a small contribution and a negligible contribution to total observed intensity respectively. While, the direct emission of disk contributes a dominant part, and the size of shadow always depends on the disk’s location. For the static and infalling spherical accretions, it turns out that the radiuses of the shadows and photon spheres are always same for both accretions, which implies that the boundary of shadow represents the signature of the spacetime geometry in this case. However, we also find that the brightness of shadow in infalling accretion is darker than that in static case since the Doppler effect is taken into account. In addition, the effect of the global monopole parameter $$\eta $$
η
and f(R) parameter $$\psi _0$$

ψ
0

on observational appearances of black hole are clearly emphasized throughout of this paper. Finally, we conclude that black hole shadows and the related rings with some different observable features can be used for us to distinguish black holes from different gravity theories and set the upper limits to the f(R) parameter $$\psi _0$$

ψ
0

.
Molecular and Clinical Characterization of Postpartum-Associated Breast Cancer in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phase I–III, 1993–2013
Authors: Vohra Sanah N. , Walens Andrea , Hamilton Alina M. , Sherman Mark E. , Schedin Pepper , Nichols Hazel B. , Reeder-Hayes Katherine E. , Olshan Andrew F. , Love Michael I. , Troester Melissa A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancers in recently postpartum women may have worse outcomes, but studies examining tumor molecular features by pregnancy recency have shown conflicting results.

Methods:
This analysis used Carolina Breast Cancer Study data to examine clinical and molecular tumor features among women less than 50 years of age who were recently (≤10 years prior) or remotely (&gt;10 years prior) postpartum, or nulliparous. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable models.

Results:
Recently postpartum women (N = 618) were more frequently lymph node–positive [POR (95% CI): 1.66 (1.26–2.19)], estrogen receptor (ER)-negative [1.37 (1.02–1.83)], and IHC-based triple negative [1.57 (1.00–2.47)] compared with nulliparous (N = 360) women. Some differences were identified between recent versus remotely postpartum; smaller tumor size [0.67 (0.52–0.86)], p53 wildtype [0.53 (0.36–0.77)], and non–basal-like phenotype [0.53 (0.33–0.84)] were more common among recently postpartum. Recently postpartum (vs. nulliparous) had significant enrichment for adaptive immunity, T cells, B cells, CD8 T cells, activated CD8 T cells/natural killer (NK) cells, and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and higher overall immune cell scores. These differences were attenuated in remotely (compared with recently) postpartum women.

Conclusions:
These results suggest a dominant effect of parity (vs. nulliparity) and a lesser effect of pregnancy recency on tumor molecular features, although tumor immune microenvironments were altered in association with pregnancy recency.

Impact:
Our study is unique in examining tumor immune microenvironment and RNA-based markers according to time since last childbirth. Future studies should examine the interplay between tumor features, postdiagnostic treatment, and outcomes among recently postpartum women.
See related commentary by McDonald et al., p. 518
Achieving More Rapid Door-to-Needle Times and Improved Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Nationwide Quality Improvement Intervention
Authors: Xian Ying , Xu Haolin , Smith Eric E. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Reeves Mathew J. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Peterson Eric D. , Schwamm Lee H. , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The benefits of tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) in acute ischemic stroke are time-dependent. However, delivery of thrombolytic therapy rapidly after hospital arrival was initially occurring infrequently in hospitals in the United States, discrepant with national guidelines.

Methods:
We evaluated door-to-needle (DTN) times and clinical outcomes among patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving tPA before and after initiation of 2 successive nationwide quality improvement initiatives: Target: Stroke Phase I (2010–2013) and Target: Stroke Phase II (2014–2018) from 913 Get With The Guidelines-Stroke hospitals in the United States between April 2003 and September 2018.

Results:

Among 154 221 patients receiving tPA within 3 hours of stroke symptom onset (median age 72 years, 50.1% female), median DTN times decreased from 78 minutes (interquartile range, 60–98) preintervention, to 66 minutes (51–87) during Phase I, and 50 minutes (37–66) during Phase II (
P
<0.001). Proportions of patients with DTN ≤60 minutes increased from 26.4% to 42.7% to 68.6% (
P
<0.001). Proportions of patients with DTN ≤45 minutes increased from 10.1% to 17.7% to 41.4% (
P
<0.001). By the end of the second intervention, 75.4% and 51.7% patients achieved 60-minute and 45-minute DTN goals. Compared with the preintervention period, hospitals during the second intervention period (2014–2018) achieved higher rates of tPA use (11.7% versus 5.6%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.43 [95% CI, 2.31–2.56]), lower in-hospital mortality (6.0% versus 10.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.69 [0.64–0.73]), fewer bleeding complication (3.4% versus 5.5%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.68 [0.62–0.74]), and higher rates of discharge to home (49.6% versus 35.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 [1.38–1.50]). Similar findings were found in sensitivity analyses of 185 501 patients receiving tPA within 4.5 hours of symptom onset.

Conclusions:
A nationwide quality improvement program for acute ischemic stroke was associated with substantial improvement in the timeliness of thrombolytic therapy start, increased thrombolytic treatment, and improved clinical outcomes.
Detecting Vicious Cycles in Urban Problem Knowledge Graph using
Inference Rules
Authors: Egami Shusaku , Kawamura Takahiro , Kozaki Kouji , Ohsuga Akihiko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Urban areas have many problems, including homelessness, graffiti, and littering. These problems are influenced by various factors and are linked to each other; thus, an understanding of the problem structure is required in order to detect and solve the root problems that generate vicious cycles. Moreover, before implementing action plans to solve these problems, local governments need to estimate cost-effectiveness when the plans are carried out. Therefore, this paper proposed constructing an urban problem knowledge graph that would include urban problems' causality and the related cost information in budget sheets. In addition, this paper proposed a method for detecting vicious cycles of urban problems using SPARQL queries with inference rules from the knowledge graph. Finally, several root problems that led to vicious cycles were detected. Urban-problem experts evaluated the extracted causal relations.
Accurate Absolute Measurements of Liquid Water Content (LWC) and Ice Water Content (IWC) of Clouds and Precipitation with Spectrometric Water Raman Lidar
Authors: Reichardt Jens , Knist Christine , Kouremeti Natalia , Kitchin William , Plakhotnik Taras 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A detailed description is given of how the liquid water content (LWC) and the ice water content (IWC) can be determined accurately and absolutely from the measured water Raman spectra of clouds. All instrumental and spectroscopic parameters that affect the accuracy of the water-content measurement are discussed and quantified; specifically, these are the effective absolute differential Raman backscattering cross section of water vapor , and the molecular Raman backscattering efficiencies ηliq and ηice of liquid and frozen microparticles, respectively. The latter two are determined following rigorous theoretical approaches combined with Raman Lidar for Atmospheric Moisture Sensing (RAMSES) measurements. For ηice, this includes a new experimental method that assumes continuity of the number of water molecules across the vertical extent of the melting layer. Examples of water-content measurements are presented, including supercooled liquid-water clouds and melting layers. Error sources are discussed; one effect that stands out is interfering fluorescence by aerosols. Aerosol effects and calibration issues are the main reasons why spectral Raman measurements are required for quantitative measurements of LWC and IWC. The presented study lays the foundation for cloud microphysical investigations and for the evaluation of cloud models or the cloud data products of other instruments. As a first application, IWC retrieval methods are evaluated that are based on either lidar extinction or radar reflectivity measurements. While the lidar-based retrievals show unsatisfactory agreement with the RAMSES IWC measurements, the radar-based IWC retrieval which is used in the Cloudnet project performs reasonably well. On average, retrieved IWC agrees within 20% to 30% (dry bias) with measured IWC.
Morbidities and mortality in patients with hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Borogovac Azra , Reese Jessica A. , Gupta Samiksha , George James N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (hTTP) is a rare disorder caused by severe ADAMTS13 deficiency. Major morbidities and death at a young age are common. Although replacement of ADAMTS13 can prevent morbidities and death, current regimens of plasma prophylaxis are insufficient. We identified 226 patients with hTTP in 96 reports published from 2001 through 2020. Age at diagnosis was reported for 202 patients; 117 were female and 85 were male. The difference was caused by diagnosis of 34 women during pregnancy, suggesting that many men and nulliparous women are not diagnosed. Eighty-three patients had severe jaundice at birth; hTTP was suspected and effectively treated in only 3 infants. Of the 217 patients who survived infancy, 73 (34%) had major morbidities defined as stroke, kidney injury, or cardiac injury that occurred at a median age of 21 years. Sixty-two patients had stroke; 13 strokes occurred in children age 10 years or younger. Of the 54 patients who survived their initial major morbidity and were subsequently observed, 37 (69%) had sustained or subsequent major morbidities. Of the 39 patients who were observed after age 40 years, 20 (51%) had experienced a major morbidity. Compared with an age- and sex-matched US population, probability of survival was lower at all ages beginning at birth. Prophylaxis was initiated in 45 patients with a major morbidity; in 11 (28%), a major morbidity recurred after prophylaxis had begun. Increased recognition of hTTP and more effective prophylaxis started at a younger age are required to improve health outcomes.