bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Climatic Factors In The Toxicity of Fipronil Toward Earthworms In Two Tropical Soils: Effects of Increased Temperature And Reduced Soil Moisture Content
Authors: Hennig Thuanne Braúlio , Alves Paulo Roger Lopes , Bandeira Felipe Ogliari , Cabrera Liziara da Costa , Dugatto Jonas Simon , Silva Marco Aurélio Tramontin da , Baretta Dilmar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature on the toxicity of fipronil toward earthworms (Eisenia andrei) in two Brazilian soils (Entisol and Oxisol) with contrasting textures. In the case of Entisol, the influence of the soil moisture content on the toxicity was also investigated. Earthworms were exposed for 56 days to soils spiked with increasing concentrations of fipronil under scenarios with different combinations of temperature (20, 25 and 27 ºC) and soil moisture content (60 and 30% of water holding capacity (WHC) for Entisol and 60% WHC for Oxisol). The number of juveniles produced was taken as the endpoint and a risk assessment was performed based on the hazard quotient (HQ). In Entisol, at 60% WHC the fipronil toxicity decreased at 27 ºC compared with the other temperatures tested (EC50 = 52.58, 48.48 and 110 mg kg-1 for 20, 25 and 27 ºC, respectively). In the case of Oxisol at 60% WHC, the fipronil toxicity increased at 27 ºC compared with other temperatures (EC50 = 277.57, 312.87 and 39.89 mg kg-1 at 20, 25 and 27 ºC, respectively). An increase in fipronil toxicity was also observed with a decrease in soil moisture content in Entisol at 27 ºC (EC50 = 27.95 and 110 mg kg-1 for 30% and 60% WHC, respectively). The risk of fipronil was only significant at 27 ºC in Entisol and Oxisol with water contents of 30% and 60% WHC, respectively, revealing that higher temperatures can increase the risk of fipronil toxicity toward earthworms. The results reported herein show that soil properties associated with climatic shifts could enhance the ecotoxicological effects and risk of fipronil for earthworms, depending on the type of soil.
Management Effectiveness Evaluation of World Cultural Landscape Heritage: Case From China
Authors: Zhou Jiami , Wang Wenhui , Zhou Jianqin , Zhang Zhuting , Lu Zixian , Gong Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
World cultural landscape heritage (WCLH), recognized as combinations of cultural relic and natural landscape with outstanding significance and universal value, is unique in terms of differing from the human deliberate creativity of general cultural heritage and the "de-artificialization" of natural heritage. So far, the management of WCLH has become increasingly standardized. However, with the prevalence of heritage resources development activities like heritage tourism, the phenomenon of "urbanization", "commercialization", "artificialization" and other issues have gradually emerged in WCLH sites. Such that, the management issues of WCLH have turned increasingly serious, leading to intense concerns about unsustainable development of WCLH. Drawing inspirations from management effectiveness (ME) evaluation research of protected areas and acknowledging the uniqueness of WCLH, this study constructs a WCLH ME evaluation system of four general criteria (management foundation, management system, management measures and management performance), sixteen factors and thirty-four indicators. The evaluation system is applied and verified through an empirical study of five existing WCLH sites of China. The empirical results show that the ME of Chinese WCLH is at "good" level. Specifically, the management of Chinese WCLH is overall impressive in indicators of management planning making, heritage protection performance and economic performance, but shows deficiency in indicators of protection fee, management infrastructure, management assessment, management institution, social performance, etc. In the final, this study discusses the management issues of respective heritage sites so as to provide suggestions and inspirations for the development, protection and management of the sites and other cultural landscapes in China and even the world.
Structural Basis for Rapid Voltage Dependent Inactivation of HERG Potassium Channels
Authors: Vandenberg Jamie , Lau Carus , Flood Emelie , Hunter Mark , Ng Chai-Ann , Bouwer James , Stewart Alastair , Perozo Eduardo , Allen Toby 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The exquisite fine tuning of biological electrical signalling is mediated by variations in the rates of opening and closing of different ion channels(1). In addition to open and closed conformations, ion channels can exist in an inactivated state, which prevents conduction in the presence of a prolonged activating stimulus(2). Human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) K+ channels undergo uniquely rapid and voltage dependent inactivation(3-5), which confers upon them a critical role in protecting against cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death(6). Previous structural studies have captured only the open state of the HERG channel(7,8). Here, we have exploited the K+ sensitivity of HERG inactivation to determine structures of both the conductive state and the elusive inactivated state of HERG. We show that hERG inactivation is facilitated by two competing networks of hydrogen bonds behind the selectivity filter that enable rapid and voltage dependent flipping of the valine carbonyls in the centre of the selectivity filter. Our data also explains how changes in extracellular K+ affects the distribution between conductive and inactivated states(9,10) and thereby explains why hypokalaemia reduces HERG channel activity thereby increasing the risk of cardiac arrhythmias(11).
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Children Under Five Years in Ghana: Analysis From the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Opoku Ebenezer , Crankson Shirley , Anokye Nana Kwame 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Childhood anaemia remains a public health challenge in developing countries, mostly in children under five years in Sub-Sharan Africa. Anaemia in children is a preventable condition; however, it has serious consequences including growth retardation, low cognitive functioning, poor immune system causing an increased susceptibility to diseases, and death. ﻿This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaemia among children under five years in Ghana. Methods: Data from the most recent Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-VIII) was analysed in this study. ﻿Anaemia was examined as a binary variable- anaemic (coded as 1) and non-anaemic (coded as 0). The explanatory variables included age, child’s malaria vaccination status, mother’s number of antenatal visits and household source of drinking water. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model were conducted to identify the risk factors of anaemia in the defined population. Results: 2,434 children aged 6-59 months were included in this analysis. The majority were males (50.5%), aged from 24-42 months (36.1%), and had received malaria vaccine (94.3%). The prevalence of anaemia in the population was 58.35% (95%CI=52.72-63.96). The logistic regression indicated that female children under five years in Ghana are less likely to have anaemia than male children under five years [aOR= 0.74, 95% CI=0.62-0.88, p<0.001]. ﻿Also, children with malaria had about two times the odds of anaemia than those without malaria [95% CI = 1.28-1.87, p<0.001]. Further, children whose mothers had received tertiary education were less likely to have anaemia [aOR= 0.60, 95% CI=0.38-0.96, p=0.03] than those whose mothers had no formal education.Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia is high among children under five years in Ghana, and this prevalence is determined by child’s age and malaria status, maternal education, household wealth index, and place of residence. Consequently, anaemia prevention and management strategies must prioritise these factors to reduce the anaemia prevalence in this population.
Dosimetric Evaluation of Photons Versus Protons in Postmastectomy Planning for Ultrahypofractionated Breast Radiotherapy
Authors: Oonsiri Puntiwa , Nantavithya Chonnipa , Lertbutsayanukul Chawalit , Sarsitthithum Thanaporn , Vimolnoch Mananchaya , Tawonwong Tanawat , Saksornchai Kitwadee 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Ultrahypofractionation can shorten the irradiation period. This study is the first dosimetric investigation comparing ultrahypofractionation using volumetric arc radiation therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated proton radiation therapy (IMPT) techniques in postmastectomy treatment planning. Materials and methods: Twenty postmastectomy patients (10-left and 10-right sided) were replanned with both VMAT and IMPT techniques. There were 4 scenarios: left chest wall, left chest wall including regional nodes, right chest wall, and right chest wall including regional nodes. The prescribed dose was 26 Gy (RBE) in 5 fractions. For VMAT, a 1-cm bolus was added for 2 in 5 fractions. For IMPT, robust optimization was performed on the CTV structure with a 3-mm setup uncertainty and a 3.5% range uncertainty. This study aimed to compare the dosimetric parameters of the PTV, ipsilateral lung, contralateral lung, heart, skin, esophageal, and thyroid doses. Results: The PTV-D95 was kept above 24.7 Gy in both VMAT and IMPT plans. The ipsilateral lung mean dose of the IMPT plans was comparable to that of the VMAT plans. In three of four scenarios, the V5 of the ipsilateral lung in IMPT plans was lower than in VMAT plans. The Dmean and V5 of heart dose were reduced by a factor of 4 in the IMPT plans of the left side. For the right side, the Dmean of the heart was less than 1 Gy for IMPT, while the VMAT delivered approximately 3 Gy. The IMPT plans showed a significantly higher skin dose owing to the lack of a skin-sparing effect in the proton beam. The IMPT plans provided lower esophageal and thyroid mean dose. Conclusion: Despite the higher skin dose with the proton plan, IMPT significantly reduced the dose to adjacent organs at risk, which might translate into the reduction of late toxicities when compared with the photon plan. Key words: proton therapy, ultrahypofractionation, postmastectomy, breast irradiation
Bovine Visceral Schistosomosis Caused By Schistosoma Indicum in Migrant Cattle Slaughtered at Chennai City, Southern India
Authors: Mamane Shivani , Jeyathilakan Narayanaperumal , Latha Bhaskaran Ravi , Senthilkumar T.M.A. , P Raja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One hundred and eighty mesentery samples of cattle were collected during a period of October 2019- March 2020 for screening visceral schistosomosis from Perambur slaughter house, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Schistosoma indicum was identified in eleven mesenteries of Nellore breed of cattle based on morphology and worm number varied from 1-114 per mesentry. Molecular confirmation based on 16s RNA revealed it to be S. indicum. It was found that the infection of S. indicum in cattle was first report in Tamil Nadu in last two decades. The slaughtered cattle originated from neighboring states especially Andhrapradesh. The tract of infection needs to be traced accordingly for future control strategies. Awareness must be created among the livestock farmers to prevent production loss due to S. indicum infection while purchasing cattle from neighboring states within India.
The Interaction between Bradyrhizobium Japonicum E109 and Azospirillum Brasilense Az39 Improves Bradyrhizobium-Soybean Symbiosis: The Secrets Behind Co-Inoculation
Authors: Torres Daniela , Donadio Florencia , López Gastón , Molina Romina , Nievas Sofia , Zeljković Sanja Ćavar , Díaz-Zorita Martín , De Diego Nuria , Cassan Fabricio Dario 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aims

The aim of this work was evaluating the interaction between two of the most widely used strains for soybean inoculation in Argentina, B. japonicum E109 (BjE109) and A. brasilense Az39 (AbAz39).
Methods

Five treatments were performed: (i) uninoculated seeds; (ii) seeds inoculated with BjE109; (iii) seeds inoculated with AbAz39; (iv) seeds co-inoculated with BjE109 and AbAz39 in a 1:1 proportion (BjE109 + AbAz39) at the seeds sowing and (v) seeds inoculated with a 1:1 proportion of BjE109 and AbAz39 (BjE109-AbAz39) 24 h before seeds sowing. Each treatment was assessed through a seed recovery assay, glasshouse assays and field assays.
Results

The combination between the two strains improved the ability of BjE109 to survive on soybean seeds after inoculation partially explained by AbAz39’s capacity to produce diverse biologically active molecules. As a result of the greater rhizobial survival on seeds the nodulation values and symbiosis parameters like nodule number, size and biomass and nodulation percentage also increased. In agreement with these observations, combining BjE109 and AbAz39 at strains the grain yield under field conditions were 13,3 and 17,3% greater than single BjE109 inoculation.
Conclusions

These results here show that the pre-culture combining BjE109 and AbAz39 before the inoculation to the soybean seeds has benefits in plant nodulation and hence production, more than individual inoculation with BjE109 or AbAz39, or the immediate co-inoculation of both strains.
Identification of Fracturing Behavior In Thermally Cracked Granite Using The Frequency Characteristics of Acoustic Emission
Authors: Sueyoshi Kazumasa , Kitamura Manami , Lei Xinglin , Katayama Ikuo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The frequency characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) during triaxial compression of thermally cracked and unheated (“fresh”) granite samples were investigated with the aim of understanding the influence of pre-existing cracks on precursor information regarding macroscopic failure. The peak frequency during the damage process was the same for thermally cracked and fresh granites. Analysis of AE signals showed that signals with low peak frequency appeared before failure of the sample, implying the initiation of microfractures with progressive growth of cracks. The peak amplitude of the frequency spectrum recorded in the thermally cracked samples was much lower than that in the fresh samples. This result suggests two reasons for the difference in peak amplitude: reduction in shear modulus and the attenuation filtering phenomenon caused by thermal cracks. In particular, the maximum value of peak amplitude in the low-frequency band for the thermally cracked samples was smaller than that for fresh samples. This characteristic can be related to the stress drop and crack size. Assuming that pre-existing thermal cracks grow during the pre-failure stage, the events with low peak frequency and low peak amplitude in the heat-treated samples are interpreted as exhibiting a low stress drop because of the small rupturing area for individual events. Therefore, although AE signals with low frequency can be considered as precursors to rock failure, cracking behavior suggested by events with low frequency depends on the initial damage condition of the rock sample.
Scalable production of ultrafine polyaniline fibres for tactile organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Fang Bo , Yan Jianmin , Chang Dan , Piao Jinli , Ma Kit Ming , Du Qiao , Gao Ping , Chai Yang , Tao Xiaoming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of continuous conducting polymer fibres is essential for applications ranging from advanced fibrous devices to frontier fabric electronics. The use of continuous conducting polymer fibres requires a small diameter to maximize their electroactive surfaces, microstructural orientations, and mechanical strengths. However, regularly used wet spinning techniques have rarely achieved this goal due primarily to the insufficient slenderization of rapidly solidified conducting polymer molecules in poor solvents. Here we report a good solvent exchange strategy to wet spin the ultrafine polyaniline fibres at the large scale. The slow diffusion between good solvents distinctly decreases the viscosity of gel protofibers, which undergo an impressive drawing ratio. The continuously collected polyaniline fibres have a previously unattained diameter below 5 µm, high energy and charge storage capacities, and favorable mechanical performance. We demonstrated an ultrathin all-solid organic electrochemical transistor based on ultrafine polyaniline fibres, which substantially amplified microampere drain-source electrical signals with less one volt driving voltage and effectively operated as a tactile sensor detecting pressure and friction forces at different levels. The aggressive electronical and electrochemical merits of ultrafine polyaniline fibres and their great potentials to prepare on industrial scale offer new opportunities for high-performance soft electronics and large-area electronic textiles.
Structural, Morphological, Optical, Thermal and Fungicidal Effects of Gamma Aluminum Nanoparticles Synthesized from Pepsi Cans
Authors: Samy Ahmed , Ismail A. M. , Kabary Hoda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present work, Gamma Aluminum oxide (γ-Al2O3) is prepared from wastes (Pepsi Cans). These cans have a structure that contains more than 98 percent aluminum oxide, and they were effectively manufactured to generate nano-sized gamma alumina under mild parameters. Characterization of the prepared nanoparticles are characterizes using different techniques as X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Attenuated total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Also, antifungal activity of γ Al2O3 was applied to widespread pathogenic fungi: Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria sp..at different nanoparticles concentrations to determine the maximum fungicidal concentration of the tested nanoparticles on the fungal strains. All characterization confirmed the formation of γ Al2O3 with nearly 2-3 nm and TGA data explains it is thermal stability. By investigating the fungicidal concentration, Data showed the antifungal activity of the selected nanoparticles shows concentration dependent manner based on the fungal strain sensitivity. The maximum antifungal activity of aluminum nanoparticles detected at concentration (3, 6 and 50mg/100ml) with inhibition percentage of (94.2, 95 and 93.3 %) for A flavus, F.oxsporum andAlternaria sp., respectively.
Investigating the Conditions of Automatic Assembly of Polyhedral Joints
Authors: Vartanov Mikhail Vladimirovich , Nikolaevna Zinina Inna , Leontievna Klimenko Irina , Van Tran Dinh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose – Providing the technological reliability of the robotic assembly of joints with RK-profile on the basis of adaptation devices and low-frequency oscillations. Design/methodology/approach – Ensuring the assembly conditions is achieved by the vibration device that provides oscillations relative to the two axes, perpendicular to the assembly direction and rotation about the assembly axis. Compensation of the linear error in the position of the parts is attained by an adaptive gripper with a flexible link. Findings – A mathematical model describing the assembly process of parts relative to the non-inertial coordinate system is developed. The technological modes of profile parts assembly are defined. Originality/value – The robotic assembly method of profile joints by the adaptation devices, namely a combination of elastic fixing of the installed profile part and the simultaneous rotation and vibration of the base part to improve the process reliability is developed. Experimental studies confirmed the adequacy of the created mathematical model. The patent for the assembly method of profile joints with a gap is received.
NAND And NOR Logic-In-Memory Comprising Silicon Nanowire Feedback Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Yang Yejin , Jeon Juhee , Son Jaemin , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The processing of large amounts of data requires a high energy efficiency and fast processing time for high-performance computing systems. However, conventional von Neumann computing systems have performance limitations because of bottlenecks in data movement between separated processing and memory hierarchy, which causes latency and high power consumption. To overcome this hindrance, logic-in-memory (LIM) has been proposed that performs both data processing and memory operations. Here, we present a NAND and NOR LIM composed of silicon nanowidre feedback field-effect transistors, whose configuration resembles that of CMOS logic gate circuits. The LIM can perform memory operations to retain its output logic under zero-bias conditions as well as logic operations with a high processing speed of nanoseconds. The newly proposed dynamic voltage-transfer characteristics verify the operating principle of the LIM. This study demonstrates that the NAND and NOR LIM has promising potential to resolve power and processing speed issues.
Specific Urban Elements Identified for Tuberculosis Epidemic in Guangzhou by Using Geographical Detector
Authors: Ren HongYan , Lu Weili , Li Xueqiu , Shen Hongcheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in China has heavily affected people’s health for decades, which has been widely investigated for the rural regions and west parts. However, its spatial features in urban areas remain little understood. Thus, this study aims to identify its spatial differentiations and their influencing factors in highly urbanized region on a fine scale.Methods: Together with the TB cases in 2017 obtained from Guangzhou Institute of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, in total 18 socioeconomic and environmental variables were included in this study. Two spatial analysis tools were respectively applied to select the relative appropriate spatial scale (global Moran’s I), and to identify specific urban factors (the Geographical detector) for this epidemic in the central four districts of Guangzhou.Results: The 2 km × 2 km grid was determined as the most appropriate spatial scale due to its relatively higher spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I=0.33, Z=4.71). At this spatial level, the TB epidemic in the four central districts was obviously closely associated with most of socioeconomic factors (0.31<r<0.76) at the significance level of 0.01. By contrast, among environmental factors, only the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) correlated with this epidemic (r=0.21) at the significance level of 0.05. Similarly, according to the q-values derived from geographical detector analysis, socioeconomic factors posed stronger impacts (0.08<q<0.57) on the spatial differentiations of TB prevalence than those of environmental variables (0.06<q<0.27), Furthermore, 153 pairs of variables presented more powerful explanatory abilities for this epidemic’s spatial disparities due to their notable enhancements of q-values (7.3%<sq<311.6%) caused by the pairwise interactions.Conclusion: The spatial heterogeneity of TB prevalence was remarkably influenced by a series of specific urban elements and their pairwise interactions across the central region of Guangzhou. We accordingly suggest that more attentions should be paid to the areas with pairwise interactions of these specific urban elements in this city. This study would provide meaningful clues for local authorities making more targeted interventions on this disease in China’s municipal areas featured by both high urbanization and severe tuberculosis.
Statistical Analysis on the Static Characteristics of the Geosynthetic Encased Stone Column
Authors: Yang Fang Ou , Wang Yingang , Wu Zuoju , Wang Zhijia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The geosynthetic encased stone column is made of stone column encased with geosynthetic encasement. The geosynthetic encased stone column is often used for foundation treatment of roadbeds, dams, buildings and other structures. At present, a series of new developments have been made in the researches of bearing capacity, stress concentration ratio and deformation of the geosynthetic encased stone column. This paper statistically analyzes the three important static characteristics of the geosynthetic encased stone column.