bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old game, new rules and ‘odd friends’: Digitalization, jurisdictional conflicts, and boundary work of auditors in a ‘big four’ professional service firm
Authors: Köktener Berker , Tunçalp Deniz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Multi-professional service firms must deal with external pressures, such as increasing digitalization and internal tensions arising from differences between professions. Advances in digital technologies affect the content and control of work among professions, reshaping established jurisdictions. Although the importance of digital technologies for professions and their organizations is growing, our understanding of how digitalization affects the content of professional work and jurisdictional arrangements between existing and emerging professions is limited. Drawing on data collected from 25 semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and archival data in a Big Four firm, we explored the changes in content and control of audit work due to digitalization, and how auditors responded to jurisdictional conflicts through boundary work. Findings of the study show digitalization impacts critical activities and jurisdictions of auditors in diagnosis and treatment phases, increasing the effectiveness and value of audit work. Accounting auditors can respond to jurisdictional conflicts through different boundary work types for each act of professional practice. The study advances our understanding of digitalization’s implications on professions by revealing that professions can reduce contestation and increase collaboration through boundary work in the diagnosis and treatment phases. In contrast, professions’ ability to abstract helps them maintain favorable conditions in the inference phase.
A patient reads the medical literature
Authors: Wecksell Matthew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A 45-year-old male with no significant past medical history presented with a lump in his right groin. Outpatient computed tomography imaging ordered by his primary care physician demonstrated moderate right inguinal hernia containing nonobstructed distal descending/proximal sigmoid colon. Surgical repair of the hernia was recommended and the patient was referred for consultation with a general surgeon. The patient then conducted a search of current medical literature and, upon reflection, refused to let the consulted surgeon operate upon him. After identifying a significantly more experienced surgeon, the patient underwent office consultation and, later, uneventful surgical repair of his inguinal hernia. To follow is a case description with a review of the relevant literature read by the patient that informed his decision to be operated upon only by a more senior general surgeon.
The Aramaic Construction qaṭlēh l-malkā ‘He Killed the King’ Aramaic Syntax in Ethiopic?
Authors: Hopkins Simon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aramaic and Ethiopic share highly characteristic proleptic constructions, e.g. the direct object periphrasis of the type qaṭlēh l-malkā and qatalo la-nǝguś respectively, each meaning ‘he killed the king’. The presence of such structures in Ethiopic has been held to reflect the alleged influence of Aramaic-speaking missionaries in the translation of the Bible into Ethiopic. The present article shows that, even if such missionaries were involved in the work of translation, the proleptic constructions of Ethiopic are not imported from Aramaic, but are native to the language. The striking similarity is not due to foreign influence but to independent development.
The Epoch of Reionization 21-cm bispectrum: the impact of light-cone effects and detectability
Authors: Mondal Rajesh , Mellema Garrelt , Shaw Abinash Kumar , Kamran Mohd , Majumdar Suman 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the spherically averaged bispectrum of the 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). This metric provides a quantitative measurement of the level of non-Gaussianity of the signal, which is expected to be high. We focus on the impact of the light-cone (LC) effect on the bispectrum and its detectability with the future SKA-Low telescope. Our investigation is based on a single reionization LC model and an ensemble of 50 realizations of the 21-cm signal to estimate the cosmic variance errors. We calculate the bispectrum with a new, optimized direct estimation method, DviSukta, which calculates the bispectrum for all possible unique triangles. We find that the LC effect becomes important on scales $k_1 \lesssim 0.1\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, where, for most triangle shapes, the cosmic variance errors dominate. Only for the squeezed limit triangles, the impact of the LC effect exceeds the cosmic variance. Combining the effects of system noise and cosmic variance we find that ∼3σ detection of the bispectrum is possible for all unique triangle shapes around a scale of $k_1 \sim 0.2\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, and cosmic variance errors dominate above and noise errors below this length-scale. Only the squeezed limit triangles are able to achieve a more than 5σ significance over a wide range of scales, $k_1\lesssim 0.8\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. Our results suggest that among all the possible triangle combinations for the bispectrum, the squeezed limit one will be the most measurable and hence useful.
The search for gas in debris discs: ALMA detection of CO gas in HD 36546
Authors: Rebollido Isabel , Ribas Álvaro , de Gregorio-Monsalvo Itziar , Villaver Eva , Montesinos Benjamín , Chen Christine , Canovas Héctor , Henning Thomas , Moór Attila , Perrin Marshall , Rivière-Marichalar Pablo , Eiroa Carlos 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Debris discs represent the last stages of planet formation and as such are expected to be depleted of primordial gas. None the less, in the last few years the presence of cold gas has been reported in ∼20 debris discs from far-infrared to (sub-)mm observations and hot gas has been observed in the optical spectra of debris discs for decades. While the origin of this gas is still uncertain, most pieces of evidence point towards a secondary origin, as a result of collisions and evaporation of small bodies in the disc. In this paper, we present ALMA observations aimed at the detection of CO gas in a sample of eight debris discs with optical gas detections. We report the detection of CO (12CO and 13CO) gas in HD 36546, the brightest and youngest disc in our sample, and provide upper limits to the presence of gas in the remaining seven discs.
Content Analysis of E-cigarette News Articles Amidst the 2019 Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Outbreak in the United States
Authors: Jeong Michelle , Singh Binu , Wackowski Olivia A , Mukherjee Rohit , Steinberg Michael B , Delnevo Cristine D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
News media can shape public perceptions about e-cigarettes, particularly in the context of ongoing uncertainty from the recent outbreak of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). This study aimed to characterize news articles published about e-cigarettes in 2019, including before and during the EVALI outbreak.

Aims and Methods
Using 24 e-cigarette-related search terms, we gathered all articles published in leading print and online U.S. news sources in 2019 from databases (i.e., Factiva, Access World News) and archival web sites (i.e., www.newspapers.com). We conducted a content analysis of e-cigarette themes and statements, identifying differences in themes between articles that did and did not mention EVALI.

Results
Of the 1643 e-cigarette news articles published in 2019, 62% mentioned EVALI. Frequency of e-cigarette articles peaked in September (n = 532) at the height of the EVALI outbreak. Among all articles discussing e-cigarettes, the most prevalent main topics were policy/regulation (45%) and health effects (35%). Articles that mentioned EVALI frequently discussed youth e-cigarette use (40%) and JUUL (33%). Compared to non-EVALI articles, EVALI articles were more likely to discuss health effects (p &lt; .001) but less likely to discuss policies/regulations, except for flavor bans (47% of EVALI articles vs. 39% of non-EVALI articles, p = .002). EVALI articles were also less likely to discuss e-cigarettes being less risky than cigarettes (p = .005).

Conclusions
E-cigarette news coverage was prevalent in 2019, and patterns in frequency and content reflected major events (i.e., EVALI). In turn, news media can shape public perceptions, and even policy, about e-cigarettes and must continue to be monitored.

Implications
E-cigarette news coverage in 2019 was high, driven in large part by news coverage of the EVALI outbreak. Indeed, the peak in e-cigarette news articles in September directly coincided with the peak in EVALI cases in the United States. Of note, articles that mentioned EVALI frequently discussed youth e-cigarette use, JUUL, and flavor bans, which may have triggered national and state-level policy responses, and likely influenced public perceptions (including misperceptions) regarding the harms of e-cigarettes.
Continuous timing measurement using a data-streaming DAQ system
Authors: Honda Ryotaro , Aramaki Takashi , Asano Hidemitsu , Akaishi Takaya , Chang W C , Igarashi Youichi , Ishikawa Takatsugu , Kajikawa Shunsuke , Ma Yue , Nagai Kei , Noumi Hiroyuki , Sako Hiroyuki , Shirotori Kotaro , Takahashi Tomonori 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We have investigated a prototype triggerless data acquisition (DAQ) system for charmed-baryon spectroscopy at J-PARC. A special time-to-digital converter (TDC) dedicated to continuous timing measurement without any external trigger was developed. A high dynamic range of the order of 1010 for the timing measurement was realized by introducing the heartbeat method, which periodically generates a delimiter datum. DAQ software receiving and filtering the data stream from the TDCs was also developed based on a message-queue application programming interface (API), FairMQ. We tested the prototype DAQ system with detectors using electrons and positrons converted from a bremsstrahlung photon beam with a rate condition of up to 1.9 MHz/1-mm detector segment. The DAQ received a 5.4 Gbps data stream from six TDCs and merged them to a complete data set. After sorting a certain portion of the data, the software searched for a set of corresponding data fragments in response to the penetration of a positron or electron using time separation between detector hits in the time axis and removed unnecessary hits. Around 25 GB RAM and 25 CPU threads were required for the online computing power under the test conditions. No silent data drop in the DAQ software was observed.
A model with light and heavy scalars in view of the effective theory
Authors: Adam Apriadi Salim , Kawamura Yuta , Morozumi Takuya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The low-energy effective potential for the model with a light scalar and a heavy scalar is derived. We perform the path integration for both heavy and light scalars and derive the low-energy effective potential in terms of only the light scalar. The effective potential is independent of the renormalization scale approximately. By setting the renormalization scale equal to the mass of the heavy scalar, one finds the corrections with the logarithm of the ratio of the two scalar masses. The large logarithm is summed with the renormalization group (RG), and the RG improved effective potential is derived. The improved effective potential includes the one-loop correction of the heavy scalar and the leading logarithmic corrections due to the light scalar. We study the correction to the vacuum expectation value of the light scalar and the dependence on the mass of the heavy scalar.
O006 Early vascular ageing in children with sleep disordered breathing: evidence of vascular hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Authors: Vokolos P , Kennedy D , Lushington K , Martin J , Wabnitz D , Kontos A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) have evidence of increased blood flow velocity and sympathetic overactivity. Sympathetic overactivity leads to peripheral vasoconstriction, increased vascular resistance and consequently, increases blood flow velocity. Early vascular ageing involves premature arterial thickening and stiffening that leads to changes in vascular function. Both increased blood flow velocity and sympathetic overactivity are promoters of arterial remodelling and hence, early vascular ageing. No studies have directly histologically investigated arterial wall structure in children with SDB and how it relates to vascular function. Thirty-six children scheduled for tonsillectomy underwent polysomnography to determine SDB severity and resting brachial artery blood flow velocity (velocity time integral and peak systolic velocity) using Doppler ultrasound. The dorsal lingual artery (tonsil) was stained using hematoxylin and eosin techniques to examine arterial wall structures. Increased velocity time integral correlated with increased arterial medial thickness (r = 0.50, P&lt;0.01), arterial smooth muscle cells (r =0.43, P&lt;0.05) and arterial smooth muscle layers (r=0.45, P&lt;0.01). These relationships remained significant after controlling for body-mass index (BMI). Increased BMI was associated with increased velocity time integral (r=0.61, P&lt;0.01), arterial medial thickness (r=0.37, P&lt;0.05) and arterial medial area (r=0.36, P&lt;0.05). SpO2nadir (TST/REM) was inversely associated with arterial medial area (r=-0.35; r=-0.38, P&lt;0.05). These results demonstrate that increased blood flow velocity is associated with changes in arterial wall composition in children with SDB. This suggests that paediatric SDB, a treatable disorder, is potentially a modifiable risk factor for early vascular ageing and resultant cardiovascular disease in adulthood.
O016 Exploring the drivers of geographic variation for paediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
Authors: Tran A , Liew D , Horne R , Rimmer J , Nixon G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy (A/T) is first-line treatment for paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea. Provision of A/T is of critical interest to sleep medicine practitioners. Geographic variation of A/T has been described since the 1930s, but no studies have investigated the reasons behind it. This study aimed to describe the geographical distribution of paediatric A/T and investigate area-level factors associated with this variation.

Methods
Linked administrative datasets captured a complete state-wide population of paediatric A/T performed between 2010 and 2015. Surgery data were collapsed by patient residence to the level of Local Government Area. Regression models were used to investigate the association between likelihood of surgery and area-level factors.

Results
There was a 10.2-fold difference in A/T rates across the state, with higher rates more common in regional than metropolitan areas. Area-level factors associated with geographic variation that increased the likelihood of A/T were a higher proportion of children aged 5–9 years (IRR 1.07, 95%CI 1.01–1.14, P=0.03), while a higher proportion with low English-language proficiency (IRR 0.95, 95%CI 0.90–0.99, P=0.03) decreased the likelihood of A/T. In a sub-population of public sector surgeries, low maternal educational attainment increased the likelihood of A/T (IRR 1.09, 95%CI 1.02–1.16, P&lt;0.001) and longer surgical waiting time reduced it (IRR 0.996, 95%CI 0.99273–0.99997, P=0.048).

Discussion
Significant variation in surgery rates exist by geographical area state-wide, with factors analysed having significant impacts. These findings suggest that improved surgical access and better community understanding of the indications for A/T could decrease geographic variation.
O020 What helped you and what prevented you from getting good sleep? Contribution of daily facilitators and barriers to adolescent sleep
Authors: Maskevich S , Shen L , Wiley J , Drummond S , Bei B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
This intense longitudinal study examined factors that facilitate and hinder sufficient and good quality sleep in adolescents’ everyday life.

Methods
205 (54.2% female, 64.4% non-white) Year 10–12 adolescents (Mage = 16.9 ± 0.9) completed daily morning surveys and wore actigraphy over 2 school-weeks and 2 subsequent vacation-weeks. Morning surveys assessed self-reported sleep and the usage of 8 facilitators and 6 barriers of sleep from the previous night. Linear mixed-effects models examined contribution of facilitators/barriers to actigraphy and self-reported total sleep time (TST) and sleep onset latency (SOL), controlled for age, sex, race, place of birth, and study day. Schooldays/non-schooldays was included as a moderator.

Results
Seven facilitators and two barriers were endorsed by high proportions (&gt;30%) of adolescents as frequently (≥50% days) helping/preventing them from achieving good sleep.
Facilitators predicting longer TST and shorter SOL, were: “follow body cues”, “manage thoughts and emotions”, “create good sleep environment”, “avoid activities interfering with sleep” and “plan bedtime and go to bed as planned” (only TST on schooldays). Barriers predicting shorter TST and longer SOL, were: “pre-bedtime thoughts and emotions”, “unconducive sleep environment”, “activities interfering with sleep”, “inconsistent routines” and “other household members’ activities”. Overall, facilitators or barriers explained an additional 1–5% (p-values &lt; .001) of variance beyond the covariates.

Discussion
Adolescents perceive a range of factors as facilitating and as preventing sufficient and good quality sleep in everyday life. These factors are predictive of their sleep duration and onset latency, and need further research to understand their functions and clinical implications.
O024 Weight loss surgery in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with increased inter-hemispheric electroencephalographic coherence
Authors: Duce B , Ryan A , Hukins C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients has shown reductions in both delta band frequency power and interhemispheric coherence. Weight loss surgery is increasing in popularity and is often effective in reducing the symptoms and severity of OSA. No study has examined the effects of weight loss surgery on the sleep EEG of OSA patients.

Methods
Twenty patients underwent diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) prior to- and twelve months after weight loss surgery. Quantitative EEG analysis was conducted to calculate spectral power (fast fourier transform with four second overlapping windows) as well as amplitude and phase coherence between the two hemispheres (C3/C4 electrodes).

Results
Weight loss surgery was successful in reducing weight (137±17 kg vs 102±17kg P&lt;0.001 for pre- and post-surgery, respectively), and OSA severity (Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index: 26±15 events/hour vs 10±12 events/hour P&lt;0.001 for pre- and post-surgery, respectively). Stage N1 proportions were slightly decreased (12±7% vs 9±8%; P=0.039 for pre- and post-surgery, respectively) but all other stages were unchanged. Increases in interhemispheric phase coherence was observed following weight loss surgery, with significant changes observed in theta (-0.07±0.09 degrees vs -0.03±0.03 degrees P=0.035), alpha (-0.12±0.13 degrees vs -0.03±0.06 degrees P=0.008), sigma (-0.19±0.18 degrees vs -0.07±0.07 degrees P=0.011) and beta (-0.29±0.25 degrees vs -0.11±0.09 degrees P=0.004) band frequencies. There were no differences in EEG spectral power or interhemispheric amplitude coherence.

Discussion
Sleep EEG coherence, a putative marker of neurocognitive susceptibility in OSA, improves following weight loss surgery. Further studies are needed to determine the functional consequences of these EEG changes.
O029 Predictors of acute insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic beyond perceived stress
Authors: Meaklim H , Varma P , Finck W , Junge M , Jackson M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Stress is a common precipitant of acute insomnia and likely contributed to increased reports of sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, many other sleep and lifestyle changes may have also precipitated acute insomnia. This study aimed to clarify which factors, beyond perceived stress, contributed to the development of acute insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
The study consisted of 578 participants with acute insomnia and 741 good sleepers. Participants completed an online survey assessing insomnia symptoms, sleep, lifestyle changes and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify contributing factors to acute insomnia when controlling for demographic differences between groups.

Results
Perceived stress was a significant predictor of acute insomnia during the pandemic (p&lt;.001). However, after adjusting for stress, individuals who altered their sleep timing (p&lt;.001) or increased their use of technology before bed (p=.037) during the pandemic were at a 3-fold increased risk of acute insomnia. Other sleep factors associated with acute insomnia included dream changes (p=.001), sleep effort (p&lt;.001), and cognitive pre-sleep arousal (p&lt;.001). For pandemic factors, being very worried about contracting COVID-19 (p&lt;.002) and more stringent COVID-19 government restrictions (p&lt;.001) increased the risk. Anxiety (p&lt;.001) and depressive (p&lt;.001) symptoms, as well as the personality trait of agreeableness (p=.010), also contributed to acute insomnia.

Discussion
To reduce acute insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic, public health messaging should promote stress reduction and mental health care, but also modifiable behaviours such as keeping consistent sleep patterns and reducing technology use before bed.
O036 Respiratory event related oxygen desaturation is predictive of cardiovascular mortality in sleep apnoea patients
Authors: de Chazal P , Dissanayake H , Cook K , Bin Y , Sutherland K , Cistulli P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. The mechanisms underpinning the development of CVD in OSA are multifaceted and include sympathetic overactivity, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Nocturnal hypoxaemic burden—the cumulative exposure to hypoxaemia experienced overnight—may contribute to the pathophysiology of CVD. We investigated if polysomnogram SpO2 parameters can predict CVD outcomes in OSA patients.

Methods
Data from the SpO2 signals from 4689 polysomnograms (PSGs) of the Sleep Heart Health Study with CVD mortality outcome and complete covariate information was used. Analysis of the average SpO2 responses to respiratory events revealed a transient response from the event start that extended for four event lengths. Based on the response we developed a respiratory event related oxygen desaturation (REROD) parameter for quantifying the desaturation associated with respiratory events that is readily calculated. The performance of the parameter in predicting CVD death was assessed using an adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) analysis and compared to other methods including hypoxic burden, T90 and ODI3.

Results
The COX analysis was adjusted for known covariates of CVD. The HR results indicate a dose-response relationship with the highest quintile providing a HR=2.0(95% C.I. 1.3–3.2).

Discussion
Our REROD metric predicts CVD mortality independent of confounding covariates and provides prediction performance superior to other hypoxemia metrics. A big advantage of our metric is its computational simplicity and reproducibility. We believe the metric is an important enabling step towards clinical methods that provide CVD risk stratification from the PSG.