bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtyping based on premorbid profile: A strategy to personalize treatment in first‐episode affective psychosis
Authors: Ramain Julie , Conus Philippe , Golay Philippe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimPremorbid history may have a major influence on the way patients cope with the onset of psychosis. This issue has been widely studied in the context of early intervention in schizophrenia but considerably less is known regarding affective psychosis. Our first goal was to investigate if subgroups could be identified among affective psychosis patients based on premorbid factors. Our second goal was to compare these subtypes according to the evolution of mood symptoms and outcomes at the end of the program.MethodsWe conducted a 3‐year prospective study on a sample of 74 adults aged 18–35 with a first episode of affective psychosis. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to reveal distinct exploratory subgroups within affective psychosis patients.ResultsThree distinct subgroups could be distinguished. One with later onset of psychosis mainly including women with more severe depressive symptoms in the first 6 months contrasting with two other subgroups with more severe manic symptoms all along the follow‐up and earlier onset of psychosis, with or without many serious antecedents. The subgroup with many serious antecedents was more likely to require several hospitalizations, less likely to achieve recovery, especially regarding professional integration and return to premorbid general functioning.ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence of poor functional recovery in the early phase of affective psychosis and shows that premorbid characteristics allow the identification of subgroups with distinct outcome which may require specification of treatment.
Chronic severe methanol intoxication after repeated mask cleansing due to fear of COVID‐19: A new risk of coronaphobia
Authors: Erburu‐Iriarte Markel , Rodrigo‐Armenteros Patricia , Oyarzun‐Irazu Iñigo , Aranzabal‐Alustiza Ines , Silvarrey‐Rodriguez Saul , Antón‐Méndez Lander , García‐Moncó Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDisproportionate fear of contracting COVID‐19 (coronaphobia) may result in inappropriate use of preventive measures that could, in turn, result in severe harm to the patient.ObjectiveTo describe a patient with subacute parkinsonism and cognitive dysfunction and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of bilateral deep white matter and basal ganglia damage.Case presentationA 56‐year‐old female presented with a 4‐week history of insomnia, cognitive decline, and parkinsonism. Brain MRI revealed a bilateral lesion of both globus pallidus, deep white matter, and cerebellar hemispheres. Her son reported that, for the previous month, she had been cleaning her facial mask three times a day with a pure methanol solution as a disinfectant due to an intense fear of acquiring COVID‐19. Previously, she had used 97% isopropyl alcohol and had inadvertently switched to methanol. After the exposure ended, she slowly improved but 4 months later she remains severely disabled.ConclusionsThe repeated exposure to methanol vapor, the MRI findings, and the absence of other etiologies for her cognitive and parkinsonian features led to the diagnosis of chronic methanol intoxication with severe central nervous system damage. Misinformation is a likely contributory factor to such scenario. Efforts should be made by the scientific community to educate the general public on avoiding self‐damaging behaviors as a result of coronaphobia.
Stress‐associated ectopic differentiation of melanocyte stem cells and ORS amelanotic melanocytes in an ex vivo human hair follicle model
Authors: Rachmin Inbal , Lee Ju Hee , Zhang Bing , Sefton James , Jung Inhee , Lee Young In , Hsu Ya‐Chieh , Fisher David E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHair greying depends on the altered presence and functionality of hair follicle melanocytes. Melanocyte stem cells (MelSCs) reside in the bulge of hair follicles and give rise to migrating and differentiating progeny during the anagen phase. Ageing, genotoxic stress, redox stress and multiple behaviour‐associated acute stressors have been seen to induce hair greying by depleting the MelSC pool, a phenomenon which is accompanied by ectopic pigmentation of these cells, followed by their depletion from the stem cell niche. This aberrant differentiation produces a state from which a return to stem cell‐like quiescence appears to be lost. The cellular features of stress‐induced hair greying have been extensively studied in murine models. Here, we describe a method to assess and quantify human hair follicle MelSC differentiation by measuring ectopically pigmented MelSCs in isolated human hair follicles exposed to specific stress signal mediators. Ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide and noradrenaline have been shown to cause hair greying in mice. We demonstrate here that isolated, ex vivo cultured human hair follicles exposed to these treatments display similar ectopic pigmentation within the bulge area which is accompanied by induction of differentiated melanocytic markers. This study suggests that as in murine models, stress signalling induces closely matching phenotypic changes in human hair follicles which can be monitored and studied as a surrogate model for early steps in human hair greying.
Crack growth measurement and J‐integral evaluation of additively manufactured polymer using digital image correlation and FE modeling
Authors: Bouaziz Mohamed Ali , Marae‐Djouda Joseph , Zouaoui Marouene , Gardan Julien , Hild François 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents and compares two combined experimental‐numerical techniques for the investigation of fracture properties of additively manufactured polymer parts using digital image correlation (DIC) measurements. The first method only uses measured kinematic fields, and the second is based on finite element simulations driven by measured boundary conditions. A mini single edge notched tensile sample manufactured by fused filament fabrication with ABS is studied. It is shown that both methods locally extract J‐integrals, and the crack tip is accurately located by the FE‐based method. By comparing computed displacements to those measured via DIC, it is possible to locally check the validity of the numerical model. The initiation and propagation stages are analyzed independently thanks to two different magnifications of acquired image series.
Vulnerability of global biodiversity hotspots to climate change
Authors: Trew Brittany T. , Maclean Ilya M. D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMotivationMore than half of Earth's species are contained in a mere 1.4% of its land area, but the climates of many of these biodiversity hotspots are projected to disappear as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change. There is growing recognition that spatio‐temporal patterns of climate in biodiversity hotspots have shaped biological diversity over a variety of historical time‐scales, yet these patterns are rarely taken into account in assessments of the vulnerability of biodiversity hotspots to future climate change. In our review, we synthesize the climatic processes that have led to the diversification of hotspots and interpret what this means in the context of anthropogenic climate change. We demonstrate the importance of mesoclimatic processes and fine‐scale topographical heterogeneity, in combination with climatic variability, in driving speciation processes and maintaining high levels of diversity. We outline why these features of hotspots are crucial to understanding the impacts of anthropogenic climate change and discuss how recent advances in predictive modelling enable vulnerability to be understood better.LocationGlobal.Main conclusionsWe contend that many, although not all, biodiversity hotspots have climate and landscape characteristics that create fine‐scale spatial variability in climate, which potentially buffers them from climatic changes. Temporally, many hotspots have also experienced stable climates through evolutionary time, making them particularly vulnerable to future changes. Others have experienced more variable climates, which is likely to provide resilience to future changes. Thus, in order to identify risk for global biodiversity, we need to consider carefully the influence of spatio‐temporal variability in climate. However, most vulnerability assessments in biodiversity hotspots are still reliant on climate data with coarse spatial and temporal resolution. Higher‐resolution forecasts that account for spatio‐temporal variability in climate and account better for the physiological responses of organisms to this variability are much needed to inform future conservation strategies.
An integrated analysis of housing and transit affordability in the Chicago metropolitan area
Authors: Liu Dong , Kwan Mei‐Po , Kan Zihan , Song Yimeng 
Published: February 2021

An integrated analysis of housing and transport affordability provides comprehensive insights into the affordability of different locations in a city. By focusing on transit‐based workers, who constitute a significant portion of commuters but are understudied in the affordability literature, this study proposes a new, integrated method for estimating housing and transit (H + T) affordability in the Chicago Metropolitan Area using census data and data from the Google Maps Directions API. Methodologically, the study contributes to the literature by proposing and implementing a new method that estimates H + T affordability in an integrated manner based on census data and data from the Google Maps Directions API across three types of housing occupants (i.e., owners with/without a mortgage and renters). Empirically, the results indicate varying H + T affordability distribution patterns among different types of housing occupants and provide a comprehensive picture of housing and transport affordability in the study area without incurring prohibitive time and cost of data collection. The study indicates that policy‐makers should consider expanding the existing concessionary fare scheme to include low‐income residents and establishing affordable housing programmes that subsidise not only mortgage/rent but also miscellaneous costs related to housing (such as utilities) in order to improve the overall H + T affordability for different types of housing occupants.
Growth response of alfalfa to Azomite composite micronutrient fertilizer on four lime‐amended Virginia soils
Authors: Kusi Nana Yaw O. , Temu Vitalis W. , Kering Maru K. , Atalay Asmare , Rutto Laban K. , Solomon Juan K. Q. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe growth responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to azomite, a natural composite earth mineral, were assessed in a greenhouse experiment at Virginia State University, Chesterfield, VA. Alfalfa plants were raised on lime‐amended Bojac, Bourne, Emporia and Cullen soils that received 224 kg K/ha in 14 × 16 cm pots. Azomite, a natural composite micronutrients fertilizer, was applied at 0, 200, 400, 600 kg/ha and experiment replicated three times. Over 29 weeks, plant heights and forage biomass were recorded and growth rates calculated at four different cuts. The data were analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure in SAS 9.3 to test for effects of soil type and azomite rates on the performance of alfalfa. Results indicate that, compared to the control, azomite application increased plant heights, forage biomass and growth rates of alfalfa and more so on Bojac and Bourne than Emporia and Cullen soils. This was most likely due to good water permeability and high nutrient activity in the semi‐active Bojac and Bourne compared to the sub‐active Emporia and Cullen soils. Plant heights, biomass and growth rates were greatest for plants receiving 200 kg azomite/ha while those on the 600 kg/ha rate performed worse than the control. Alfalfa on lime‐amended and K‐sufficient soils responded positively to 200 kg azomite/ha, but was impacted negatively at the higher rates.
Maping gendered social closure mechanisms through examination of seven male‐dominated occupations
Authors: Ibáñez Marta , García‐Mingo Elisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUsing the concept of gendered social closure mechanisms, we aim at identifying the social practices and agents involved in the limited access to what we call men's worlds. To do so, we study the ways that women have to access to seven highly male‐dominated occupations in Spain through the analysis of qualitative data based on in‐depth interviews. We propose an analytical model that integrates the structural approach with the microsociological approach and considers that the social closure mechanisms happen at three levels (structural level, occupational/professional level, and organizational level). We state that the time frame of closure mechanisms (pre‐existing, prior to, or threshold of access) is key to understand the impact of such closure mechanisms. The results enable us to show how the mechanisms are cumulative in character rather than exclusive, and to propose a categorization of occupations according to their closure mechanisms. We conclude that any analysis that aims to understand segregation by sex in each profession or occupation must involve a mapping of the gendered social closure mechanisms, as only through a detailed knowledge of the mechanisms and their specific dynamics can we propose changes in practices and policies addressed to improve women's access to male‐dominated occupations
Postoperative pain after ultrasonically and laser‐activated irrigation during root canal treatment: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Liapis D. , De Bruyne M. A. A. , De Moor R. J. G. , Meire M. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the intensity of postoperative pain after primary root canal treatment of asymptomatic teeth when using ultrasonically (UAI) or laser‐activated irrigation (LAI).MethodologyIn this superiority randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03981237) with parallel design, fifty‐six patients with an asymptomatic tooth in need of primary root canal treatment were enrolled. After chemo‐mechanical canal preparation using rotary instruments and NaOCl irrigation, teeth were randomly assigned to two groups and patients were blinded to the final irrigation protocol. In the UAI group (n = 28), 60s activation with an Irrisafe tip was done per canal. In the LAI group (n = 28), NaOCl was activated with a pulsed Er:YAG (2940 nm) laser, equipped with a conical tip, with settings of 50 µs, 20 mJ at 15 Hz for 60 s. Patients recorded their pain intensity 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), as well as their analgesic consumption. Pain levels and incidence were compared across groups using the Mann–Whitney U‐test and chi‐square test.ResultsOverall, mean postoperative pain intensity was low, with the majority of patients having no or minimal pain 24 h postoperatively. At 6 h postoperatively, pain intensity and incidence were significantly higher in the UAI group compared to the LAI group (P < 0.05). For the other time intervals, no significant differences in postoperative pain incidence or intensity were found. The frequency of analgesic intake did not differ significantly between the two groups. Neither of the activation methods resulted in any adverse effects.ConclusionsUltrasonically and laser‐activated irrigation resulted in low and comparable levels of postoperative pain in asymptomatic patients receiving primary root canal treatment.
The differential expression of EPHB4 and ephrin B2 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma according to the grade of tumor differentiation: a clinicopathological study
Authors: Oh Shin Taek , Yang Keum Jin , Bae Jung Min , Park Hyun Jeong , Yoo Dong Soo , Park Young Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEPHB4 and its ligand, ephrin B2, which are receptor tyrosine kinases of the erythropoietin‐producing hepatocellular (EPH) family, are known to be linked to several human cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate their expression patterns in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in association with tumor differentiation and other variable clinical characteristics.Materials and methodsImmunohistochemical staining for EPHB4 and ephrin B2 was performed in 32 cases of CSCC with different histologic grades. The clinical characteristics and histologic grades of CSCC were evaluated in association with EPHB4 and ephrin B2 expression patterns.ResultsEPHB4 and ephrin B2 expression levels were significantly inversely proportional to the grade of differentiation of CSCC (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionThese results indicated that EPHB4 and ephrin B2 can be useful markers for poorly differentiated CSCC.
Work environment of hospital nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Santos José Luís Guedes dos , Balsanelli Alexandre Pazetto , Freitas Etiane de Oliveira , Menegon Fernando Henrique Antunes , Carneiro Ieda Aparecida , Lazzari Daniele Delacanal , Menezes Jennifer Aguilar Leocádio De , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Camponogara Silviamar 
Published: February 2021

AimTo investigate the nurses' work environment in university hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic brought challenging times for nurses worldwide. In Brazil, as well as in several countries, nurses are working hard in hospital settings caring for patients infected with the virus, sometimes with unfavourable work environment conditions.MethodsThis study was a convergent embedded mixed methods research. The sample comprised 104 nurses from three Brazilian university hospitals. Data were collected in April–June 2020 from an online questionnaire with a self‐reporting Likert scale survey designed to measure the nurses' perceptions of their work environment. Qualitative data in the form of written comments were also collected through an open question. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.ResultsThe quantitative results showed that the responses to ‘I received training on the correct use of personal protective equipment’ and ‘I am afraid of being infected’ items had the best and worst evaluations, respectively. The qualitative findings revealed five themes: feeling of insecurity, lack of personal protective equipment, lack of diagnostic tests, changes in the care flow and fear of the unknown.ConclusionThe study has highlighted the challenges faced by hospital nurses while caring for patients with COVID‐19.Implications for Nursing and Nursing PolicyThe gaps identified will assist the policymakers and hospital managers in developing policies to enhance the support offered to nurses and improve the care provided to patients with COVID‐19 in university hospitals. The results also indicate the need for attention to the mental health of the professionals due to the increasing workload and treatment of an illness hitherto unknown.
Factors associated with parenting self‐efficacy: A systematic review
Authors: Fang Yuan , Boelens Mirte , Windhorst Dafna A. , Raat Hein , van Grieken Amy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo provide an overview of the parental, child, and socio‐contextual factors related to general parenting self‐efficacy (PSE) in the general population.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMedline Ovid, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO Ovid were systematically searched for studies published between January 1980‐June 2020.Review MethodsStudies were included if they described associations between factor(s) and PSE among parents of children aged 0–18 years old in the general population, and published in an English language peer‐reviewed journal. Studies with participants from specific populations, studies describing the development of instruments for PSE, qualitative studies, reviews, theses, conference papers and book chapters were excluded. Belsky's process model of parenting guided the data synthesis.ResultsOf 3,819 articles, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. Eighty‐nine factors were identified. There was evidence of associations between child temperament, maternal parenting satisfaction, parenting stress, maternal depression, household income, perceived social support and PSE. Evidence was inconsistent for an association of educational level, parity, number of children in the household and PSE in mothers. There was no evidence of an association for child gender, age, marital status and PSE in both mothers and fathers; ethnicity, age, employment status in mothers; household income in fathers; and educational level, parenting fatigue in parents.ConclusionA range of factors studied in relation to PSE was identified in this systematic review. However, the majority of the factors was reported by one or two studies often implementing a cross‐sectional design.ImpactThere is some evidence for an association between some potentially modifiable factors and PSE in the general population, this information may be used by health and social professionals supporting child health and well‐being. Future longitudinal studies are recommended to study parental, child and socio‐contextual factors associated with PSE to inform the development of intervention strategies.
An anatomical approach to determine the location of the sinoatrial node during catheter ablation
Authors: Shimamoto Keiko , Yamagata Kenichiro , Nakajima Kenzaburo , Kamakura Tsukasa , Wada Mitsuru , Inoue Yuko , Miyamoto Koji , Noda Takashi , Nagase Satoshi , Kusano Kengo F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe sinoatrial node (SAN) should be identified before superior vena cava (SVC) isolation to avoid SAN injury. However, its location cannot be identified without restoring sinus rhythm. This study evaluated the usefulness of the anatomically defined SAN by comparing it with the electrically confirmed SAN (e‐SAN) to predict the top‐most position of e‐SAN and thus establish a safe and more efficient anatomical reference for SVC isolation than the previously reported reference of the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) roof.Methods and ResultsThe e‐SAN was identified as the earliest activation site in the electroanatomical map obtained during sinus rhythm. The anatomically defined SAN, the cranial edge of the crista terminalis (CT) visualized with intracardiac echocardiography (CT top), and the RSPV roof, which was obtained from the overlaid electroanatomical image of SVC and RSPV, were tagged on one map. The distance from the e‐SAN to each reference was measured. Among 77 patients, the height of the e‐SAN from the CT top was a median (interquartile range) of −2.0 (−8.0 to 4.0) mm. The e‐SAN existed from 10 mm above the CT top or lower in 74 (96%) patients and from the RSPV roof or below in 73 (95%) patients. The reference of 10 mm above the CT top is more proximal to the right atrium than the RSPV roof and can provide longer isolatable SVC sleeves (30.0 [20.0–35.0] vs. 24.0 [18.0–30.0] mm, p < .001). The e‐SAN tended to be found above the CT top when the heart rate during mapping was faster (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per 10‐bpm increase: 1.71 [1.20−2.43], p < .01).ConclusionThe CT top is useful for predicting the upper limit of the e‐SAN and can provide a better reference for SVC isolation than the RSPV roof.