bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer incidence, mortality, and burden in China: a time‐trend analysis and comparison with the United States and United Kingdom based on the global epidemiological data released in 2020
Authors: Qiu Haibo , Cao Sumei , Xu Ruihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer is one of the leading causes of death and a main economic burden in China. Investigating the differences in cancer patterns and control strategies between China and developed countries could provide reference for policy planning and contribute to improving cancer control measures. In this study, we reviewed the rates and trends of cancer incidence and mortality and disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) burden in China, and compared them with those in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK).MethodsCancer incidence, mortality, and DALY data for China, US and UK were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2020 online database, Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database (CI5 plus). Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in China, US, and UK were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models to calculate annual percent changes (APCs) and identify the best‐fitting joinpoints.ResultsAn estimated 4,568,754 newly diagnosed cancer cases and 3,002,899 cancer deaths occurred in China in 2020. Additionally, cancers resulted in 67,340,309 DALYs in China. Compared to the US and UK, China had lower cancer incidence but higher cancer mortality and DALY rates. Furthermore, the cancer spectrum of China was changing, with a rapid increase incidence and burden of lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer in addition to a high incidence and heavy burden of liver, stomach, esophageal, and cervical cancer.ConclusionsThe cancer spectrum of China is changing from a developing country to a developed country. Population aging and increase of unhealthy lifestyles would continue to increase the cancer burden of China. Therefore, the Chinese authorities should adjust the national cancer control program with reference to the practices of cancer control which have been well‐established in the developed countries, and taking consideration of the diversity of cancer types by of different regions in China at the same time.
Depression accelerates gastric cancer invasion and metastasis by inducing a neuroendocrine phenotype via the catecholamine/β2‐AR/MACC1 axis
Authors: Pan Changqie , Wu Jianhua , Zheng Siting , Sun Huiying , Fang Yisheng , Huang Zhenhua , Shi Min , Liang Li , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin , Chen Jinzhang , Liao Wangjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a common, easily ignored, accompanied disease of gastric cancer (GC) patients and is often observed with elevated plasma catecholamine levels. Depression frequently promotes GC progression and leads to poor clinical outcomes; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying depression‐induced GC progression remain poorly understood. We aimed to study the effects of depression on GC progression and explore possible mechanisms mediating the action of depression‐associated catecholamines on GC.MethodsDepression states of GC patients were graded using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, and plasma catecholamine levels were examined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Migrative and invasive GC cells were examined using transwell assays, and metastatic GC niches were imaged using bioluminescence technology in a depression mouse model established with chronic unpredictable mild stress. Mouse depression‐like behaviors were assessed through sucrose preference, forced swimming, and tail suspension tests. Characteristics of the neuroendocrine phenotype were observed via RT‐PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy.ResultsFifty‐one GC patients (age: 53.61 ± 1.79 years; cancer duration: 3.71 ± 0.33 months; depression duration: 2.37 ± 0.38 months; male‐to‐female ratio: 1.55:1) were enrolled in the study. Depression grade was significantly higher in GC patients showing higher plasma levels of catecholamines (epinephrine: P = 0.018; noradrenaline: P = 0.009), higher oncogene metastasis‐associated in colon cancer‐1 (MACC1) level (P = 0.018), and metastasis (P < 0.001). Further, depression‐associated catecholamine specifically bound to the beta‐2 adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) and upregulated MACC1 expression, and thus promoting neuroendocrine phenotypic transformation through direct binding between MACC1 and synaptophysin. Eventually, the neuroendocrine phenotypic transformation accelerated GC invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. However, β2‐AR antagonist ICI‐118,551 or MACC1 silencing effectively blocked the catecholamine‐induced neuroendocrine phenotypic transformation and eliminated depression‐enhanced GC migration and invasion. Moreover, β2‐AR blocking or MACC1 silencing prevented GC metastasis attributed to a neuroendocrine phenotype in a depression mouse model.ConclusionsCatecholamine‐induced neuroendocrine phenotypes of GC cells led to depression‐accelerated GC invasion and metastasis via the β2‐AR/MACC1 axis, while β2‐AR antagonist or MACC1 silencing could reverse it, showing promising potential therapeutic strategies for improving the outcome of GC patients with comorbid depression.
Clinical outcomes of stereotactic magnetic resonance image‐guided adaptive radiotherapy for primary and metastatic tumors in the abdomen and pelvis
Authors: Yoon Stephanie M. , Luterstein Elaine , Chu Fang‐I , Cao Minsong , Lamb James , Agazaryan Nzhde , Low Daniel , Raldow Ann , Steinberg Michael L. , Lee Percy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) delivers ablative doses with excellent local control. However, implementing SBRT for abdominal and pelvic tumors has been limited by the risk for treatment‐related gastrointestinal toxicity. MRI‐guided radiotherapy may ameliorate these risks and increase the therapeutic ratio. We report the clinical outcomes of stereotactic MRI‐guided adaptive radiotherapy (SMART) for primary and metastatic tumors in the abdomen and pelvis.MethodsFrom November 2014 to August 2017, the first 106 consecutive patients with 121 tumors in the abdomen and pelvis were treated with SMART at a single institution. Of the cohort, 41.5%, 15.1%, and 43.4% had primary, locally recurrent, and oligometastatic tumors, respectively. SMART was delivered using a tri‐cobalt‐60 gantry with on‐board 0.35 Tesla MRI with respiratory breath‐hold and daily adaptive re‐planning when anatomically necessary. A median of 40Gy in five fractions was prescribed. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.4.03 was used to score treatment‐related toxicities. Local control (LC), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsOf the 510 treatments, seventy‐one (13.9%) were adapted. Fatigue, nausea, and pain were the most common acute toxicities. 0.9 and 0% of patients experienced acute grade three and four toxicities, respectively. 5.2 and 2.1% of patients experienced late grade three and four toxicities, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 20.4 months, the 2‐year LC rate was 74% on a per‐lesion basis. Two‐year LC was 96% for lesions that were treated with BED10≥100 versus 69% for BED10<100 (p = 0.02). PFS was significantly different between patients with and without locally controlled tumors (2‐year PFS 21 vs. 8%, p = 0.03). Two‐year OS was 57% for the entire cohort.ConclusionsFavorable LC and PFS outcomes were observed with minimal morbidity for tumors in the abdomen and pelvis treated with SMART. Future prospective clinical trials to validate these findings are warranted.
Flexible Operation of Air Separation Units
Authors: Klein Harald , Fritsch Philipp , Haider Patrick , Kender Robert , Rößler Felix , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Freko Pascal , Hoffmann Rainer , Thomas Ingo , Wunderlich Bernd 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs part of the Energiewende, the current research on energy‐optimized, flexible operation of air separation units is described. A realistic, pressure‐driven approach for dynamic simulation is presented, which is used to provide a detailed, transient simulation model, a digital twin, of an air separation unit. Extreme operation scenarios, such as start‐up and shutdown of the main heat exchanger, the distillation columns or the entire air separation unit, are described. Since the main heat exchanger experiences repeated temperature changes, its lifetime is investigated in a test rig. The gathered data is used to derive and validate detailed, three‐dimensional simulation models.
Inflammatory repercussions in female steroid responsive glands after perinatal exposure to bisphenol A and 17‐β estradiol
Authors: Leonel Ellen Cristina Rivas , Ruiz Thalles Fernando Rocha , Bedolo Carolina Marques , Campos Silvana Gisele Pegorin , Taboga Sebastião Roberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe mammary gland (MG) and female prostate are plastic reproductive organs which are highly responsive to hormones. Thus, endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and exogenous estrogens, negatively affect glandular homeostasis. In addition to previously described alterations, changes in inflammatory markers expression also trigger the development of a microenvironment that contributes to tumor progression. The current work aimed to evaluate the inflammatory responses of the MG and prostate gland to BPA (50 µg/kg) and 17‐β estradiol (35 µg/kg) exposure during the perinatal window of susceptibility. The results showed that at 6 months of age there was an increase in the number of phospho‐STAT3 (P‐STAT3) positive cells in the female prostate from animals perinatally exposed to 50 µg/kg BPA daily. In addition, the number of macrophages increased in these animals in comparison with nonexposed animals, as shown by the F4/80 marker. Despite an increase in the incidence of lobuloalveolar and intraductal hyperplasia, the MG did not show any difference in the expression of the four inflammatory markers evaluated: tumor necrosis factor‐α, COX‐2, P‐STAT3, and F4/80. Analysis of both glands from the same animal led to the conclusion that exposure to endocrine disruptors during the perinatal window of susceptibility leads to different inflammatory responses in different reproductive organs. As the prostate is more susceptible to these inflammatory mechanisms, it is reasonable to affirm that possible neoplastic alterations in this organ are related to changes in the inflammatory pattern of the stroma, a characteristic that is not evident in the MG.
Engineering Bimetallic Copper‐Tin Based Core‐Shell Alloy@Oxide Nanowire as Efficient Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wu Yifan , Deng Xiaoyang , Yuan Hefeng , Yang Xiaowei , Wang Jianxing , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPursuing both high effective and selective electrocatalysts is significant for efficient and low‐cost electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction. Here, we design a novel bimetallic alloy/oxide nanowire catalyst with core‐shell configuration. A typical CuSn alloy core provides high electrical conductivity while the amorphous Cu doped SnO2 shell guarantees the catalytic activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction process. Computational studies further elucidate the important role of Cu doped SnO2 layer in the electrocatalytic selectivity for formate and the restraint of hydrogen production. Benefited from the well‐designed components and hierarchical configuration, the as‐prepared electrocatalyst displays a partial current density of 30 mA cm−2 with a Faradaic efficiency of 78 % at −0.9 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for formate. This work provides a new pathway to design advanced electrocatalyst for CO2 electrochemical reduction.
Rational Construction of Fluffy CNT on Binary FeCo‐NC as High‐Efficiency S Host for Li−S Battery
Authors: Meng Xiangshe , Liu Wenqiang , Yang Tianhua , Song Sha , Zhang Guoxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeveloping functional porous carbon materials that are efficient for hosting S and catalytically converting Li polysulfide (LiPS) is of great importance to ease the LiPS shuttle effect, which is the main obstacle against the practical applications of Li−S batteries. Herein, we developed a porous binary FeCo‐NC material functionalized by dual‐site catalytic FeCo species and delicately introduced carbon nanotube (CNT) forest on FeCo‐NC surface. The successful decoration of highly dispersed binary Fe and Co species and heavily introduced N species up to 10 at.%, are critical to improve the quality of host interfaces for high‐efficiency anchoring/conversion of polar LiPS and electrolyte wetting. The fluffy CNT forest on particulate FeCo‐NC can serve as highway for electron conducting and reservoir for confining S/LiPS when physically stacked. Electrochemical measurements indicated binary FeCo‐NC/CNT composite serving as host for a 70 wt.% S loading. It showed enhanced absorption and conversion kinetics of LiPS, and improved rate capability and stability of Li−S half‐cell.
Multifunctional Metal Phosphides as Superior Host Materials for Advanced Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhuosen , Xu Xijun , Liu Zhengbo , Zhang Dechao , Yuan Jujun , Liu Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor the past few years, a new generation of energy storage systems with large theoretical specific capacity has been urgently needed because of the rapid development of society. Lithium–sulfur (Li−S) batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for novel battery systems, since their resurgence at the end of the 20th century Li−S batteries have attracted ever more attention, attributed to their notably high theoretical energy density of 2600 W h kg−1, which is almost five times larger than that of commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). One of the determining factors in Li−S batteries is how to design/prepare the sulfur cathode. For the sulfur host, the major technical challenge is avoiding the shuttling effect that is caused by soluble polysulfides during the reaction. In past decades, though the sulfur cathode has developed greatly, there are still some enormous challenges to be conquered, such as low utilization of S, rapid decay of capacity, and poor cycle life. This article spotlights the recent progress and foremost findings in improving the performance of Li−S batteries by employing multifunctional metal phosphides as host materials. The current state of development of the sulfur electrode of Li−S batteries is summarized by emphasizing the relationship between the essential properties of metal phosphide‐based hybrid nanomaterials, the chemical reaction with lithium polysulfides and the latter′s influence on electrochemical performance. Finally, trends in the development and practical application of Li−S batteries are also pointed out.
Cannabis use among cancer survivors in the United States: Analysis of a nationally representative sample
Authors: Do Elizabeth K. , Ksinan Albert J. , Kim Sunny Jung , Del Fabbro Egidio G. , Fuemmeler Bernard F. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundResearch on cannabis use among those with a history of cancer is limited.MethodsPrevalence of past‐year cannabis use among individuals with and without a cancer history and predictors of use within these 2 groups were determined using data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, a nationally representative, longitudinal survey conducted in the United States (waves 1‐4; 2013‐2018). Discrete time survival analyses were used to estimate baseline (wave 1) predictors (physical health status, mental health status, pain, and demographic variables) on past‐year engagement with cannabis within individuals who reported a cancer diagnosis at wave 1 (n = 1022) and individuals who reported never having cancer at any wave (n = 19,702).ResultsAt the most recent survey, 8% of cancer survivors reported past‐year cannabis use, compared with 15% of those without a cancer history. Across 4 time points, an estimated 3.8% of cancer survivors engaged with cannabis, as compared to 6.5% of those without a cancer history. Across both groups, older age and having health insurance were associated with lower likelihood of engaging in cannabis use, whereas greater levels of pain were associated with higher likelihood of engaging in cannabis use. Among those without a cancer history, being female, White, and having better mental health status were associated with lower likelihood of engaging in cannabis use.ConclusionsAlthough cannabis use prevalence is lower among cancer survivors, the reasons for use are not markedly different from those without a cancer history. Continued monitoring of use, reasons for use, and harms or benefits is warranted.Lay Summary

Results from this study, which uses data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, indicate that cannabis use is generally increasing across cancer survivors and those without a history of cancer.

Cancer survivors are using cannabis at slightly lower rates than those without a history of cancer.

Factors related to pain seem to be more prevalent in cancer populations relative to the general population, and could be contributing to cannabis use within cancer survivor populations.
Alkalinity Concentration Swing for Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Rinberg Anatoly , Bergman Andrew M. , Schrag Daniel P. , Aziz Michael J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe alkalinity concentration swing (ACS) is a new process for direct air capture of carbon dioxide driven by concentrating an alkaline solution that has been exposed to the atmosphere and loaded with dissolved inorganic carbon. Upon concentration, the partial pressure of CO2 increases, allowing for extraction and compression. Higher concentration factors result in proportionally higher outgassing pressure, and higher initial alkalinity concentrations at the same concentration factor outgas a higher concentration of CO2. Two desalination technologies, reverse osmosis and capacitive deionization, are examined as possible ACS implementations, and two corresponding energy models are evaluated. The ACS is compared to incumbent technologies and estimates for water, land, and energy requirements for capturing one million tonnes of CO2 per year are made. Estimates for the lower end of the energy range for both approaches compare favorably to other approaches, such as solid sorbent and calcining methods.
Synthesis of Spiro{pyrrolidine‐3,1′‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole} Basic Framework by Multicomponent 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Belabbes Asmaa , Selva Verónica , Foubelo Francisco , De Gracia Retamosa M. , Sansano José M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of the complex spiro{pyrrolidine‐3,1′‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole} skeleton under mild conditions is presented. The order of addition of a primary amine, two equivalents of the corresponding maleimide and, finally, the aldehyde is of a paramount importance to obtain these final compounds in very high yields. The mechanism was studied by performing very simple tests, the Michael type addition of the amine onto the maleimide being the key step. Interestingly, the hybrid scaffold was prepared by sequential addition of two different maleimides. In addition, a more interesting architecture was prepared through a metathesis reaction between allylic residues bonded in the molecule precursor.
S,O‐Ligand‐Promoted Pd‐Catalyzed C−H Olefination of Anisole Derivatives
Authors: Sukowski Verena , Jia Wen‐Liang , van Diest Rianne , van Borselen Manuela , Fernández‐Ibáñez M. Ángeles 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe C−H olefination of substituted anisole derivatives by a Pd/S,O‐ligand catalyst is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with a broad range of substituted aryl ethers bearing both electron donating and withdrawing substituents at ortho, meta and para positions. Aryl ethers are used as limiting reagents and good yields and site selectivities are observed. The methodology is operationally simple and can be performed under aerobic conditions.
Association of temporomandibular disorders with pain sensitivity: A cohort study
Authors: Knuutila Jarno , Kivipuro Juhani , Näpänkangas Ritva , Auvinen Juha , Pesonen Paula , Karppinen Jaro , Paananen Markus , Pirttiniemi Pertti , Raustia Aune , Sipilä Kirsi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPain related to temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can be linked with multiple site pain (MSP), and may associate with increased pain sensitivity, more frequently among women than men. The aim of the study was to examine the associations of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and tolerance (PPTo) with TMD and associated MSP in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) study.MethodsAltogether 1961 NFBC1966 subjects attended clinical medical and dental examination at the Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu in 2012–2013. Clinical examinations were carried out using a modified Diagnostic Criteria for TMD protocol (DC/TMD). MSP was defined based on questions regarding body pain sites. Additionally, PPT and PPTo were assessed using algometer measurements. Mann–Whitney U‐test and Tobit regression models were used to analyse associations between TMD sub‐diagnoses, MSP, PPT and PPTo, stratified by sex. Further models were adjusted with anxiety and depressive symptoms, which were assessed using Hopkins Symptom Checklist‐25 (HSCL‐25) and two‐way interaction terms.ResultsAmong females, lower PPT and PPTo were associated with myalgia and arthralgia. Among males, lower PPT and PPTo were associated with MSP‐linked TMD. Tobit regression analysis showed significantly lower PPT and PPTo values in the myalgia and arthralgia subgroups among female TMD subjects. Among females, disc displacement with reduction had an inverse association with PPT and PPTo. Among males, lower PPTo was associated with degenerative joint disease and MSP‐linked TMD.ConclusionsThe pain regulatory mechanisms behind TMD act differently between the genders as local TMD among females and MSP‐linked TMD among males were associated with pain sensitivity.SignificanceThe study shows that there are differences in the associations of painful TMD with pressure pain tolerance, pressure pain sensitivity and MSP between male and female subjects.