bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D organotypic cell structures for drug development and Microorganism-Host interaction research
Authors: Zubareva Ekaterina V. , Nadezhdin Sergey V. , Nadezhdina Natalia A. , Belyaeva Veronika S. , Burda Yuriy E. , Avtina Tatyana V. , Gudyrev Oleg S. , Kolesnik Inga M. , Kulikova Svetlana Yu. , Mishenin Mikhail O. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The article describes a new method of tissue engineering, which is based on the use of three-dimensional multicellular constructs consisting of stem cells that mimic the native tissue in vivo – organoids.
3D cell cultures: The currently existing model systems of three-dimensional cultures are described.
Characteristics of organoids and strategies for their culturing: The main approaches to the fabrication of 3D cell constructs using pluripotent (embryonic and induced) stem cells or adult stem cells are described.
Brain organoids (Cerebral organoids): Organoids of the brain, which are used to study the development of the human brain, are characterized, with the description of biology of generating region-specific cerebral organoids.
Lung organoids: Approaches to the generation of lung organoids are described, by means of pluripotent stem cells and lung tissue cell lines.
Liver organoids: The features of differentiation of stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells and the creation of 3D hepatic organoids are characterized.
Intestinal organoids: The formation of small intestine organoids from stem cells is described.
Osteochondral organoids: Fabrication of osteochondral organoids is characterised.
Use of organoids as test systems for drugs screening: The information on drug screening using organoids is provided.
Using organoids to model infectious diseases and study adaptive responses of microorganisms when interacting with the host: The use of organoids for modeling infectious diseases and studying the adaptive responses of microorganisms when interacting with the host organism is described.
Conclusion: The creation of three-dimensional cell structures that reproduce the structural and functional characteristics of tissue in vivo, makes it possible to study the biology of the body’s development, the features of intercellular interactions, screening drugs and co-cultivating with viruses, bacteria and parasites.
Comportement des investisseurs à l’égard des fusions de fonds : une analyse empirique des fonds obligataires français
Authors: Tran Dieu Linh 
Published: March 2021

Les directives UCITS 1 IV de 2011 ont proposé des mesures facilitant les fusions de fonds, en particulier les fusions transfrontalières, afin de réduire le nombre de petits fonds « inefficaces » en Europe. Cependant, dix ans plus tard, le marché européen en général, et le marché français en particulier, restent très segmentés avec un grand nombre de petits fonds. Des études antérieures suggèrent que les promoteurs de fonds utilisent plus la « fusion » pour masquer de mauvaises performances que pour réaliser des économies d’échelle. Dans ce contexte, comment les investisseurs réagissent-ils aux fusions de fonds ? En utilisant un échantillon de fonds obligataires français pour la période de 2002 à 2015, nous constatons que les investisseurs semblent réagir négativement aux informations sur les fusions. Autour de la date de fusion, les investisseurs des fonds cibles ont tendance à racheter substantiellement leurs parts tandis que les fonds acquéreurs ont du mal à attirer davantage d’investisseurs. Ces résultats suggèrent que les fusions ne peuvent pas être considérées comme un moyen efficace de réaliser des économies d’échelle. Classification JEL : G02, G11, G23.
Expliquer la transparence budgétaire par des facteurs politiques
Authors: Citro Francesca , Cuadrado-Ballesteros Beatriz , Bisogno Marco 
Published: March 2021

Dans la présente étude, nous analysons les différents facteurs susceptibles d’influencer le niveau de transparence budgétaire. Nous nous concentrons sur plusieurs caractéristiques politiques, en examinant un groupe de 95 pays pour les années 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 et 2015. Les résultats de notre étude indiquent que les caractéristiques des gouvernements et les caractéristiques des systèmes politiques et électoraux influencent le niveau de transparence budgétaire. Ces résultats poussent plus loin les conclusions des études antérieures sur les déterminants des budgets ouverts en utilisant une période plus longue et des caractéristiques politiques et électorales supplémentaires, et en adoptant également une approche comparative internationale. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les résultats font apparaître des éléments essentiels pour une politique de transparence durable, qui indiquent que pour être efficace, la transparence budgétaire doit présenter certaines caractéristiques tant pour les gouvernements que pour les systèmes électoraux/politiques. Par conséquent, les responsables politiques doivent savoir que les réformes affectant ces systèmes peuvent limiter leur intention d’opacité ; de même, les organes de contrôle sont encouragés à examiner les conditions politiques susceptibles d’exercer une pression pour rendre publics les processus budgétaires. Dans nos conclusions, nous soulignons l’importance de la relation entre transparence budgétaire et réformes du secteur public, en particulier celles qui affectent les caractéristiques politiques d’un gouvernement et les règles institutionnelles qui guident son comportement. La budgétisation est non seulement un outil de gestion essentiel, mais aussi un moyen politique crucial pour l’attribution des pouvoirs et des ressources, ainsi qu’un outil de responsabilisation essentiel pour stimuler la participation des citoyens et accroître la transparence.
Mood Disorder in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Induced by Antiribosomal P Protein Antibodies Associated with Decreased Serum and Brain Tryptophan
Authors: Cho Takamasa , Sato Hiroe , Wakamatsu Ayako , Ohashi Riuko , Ajioka Yoichi , Uchiumi Toshio , Goto Shin , Narita Ichiei , Kaneko Yoshikatsu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Antiribosomal P protein (anti-P) autoantibodies commonly develop in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We have previously established hybridoma clones producing anti-P mAbs. In this study, we explored the pathogenesis of behavioral disorders induced by anti-P Abs using these mAbs. New Zealand Black × New Zealand White F1, New Zealand White, C57BL/6, and BALB/c mice were treated with 1 mg of anti-P Abs once every 2 wk. The behavioral disorder was evaluated by the tail suspension test, forced swim test, and open field test. Following administration of anti-P Abs, New Zealand Black × New Zealand White F1 and C57BL/6 mice developed depressive behavior and showed increased anxiety with elevated serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Anti-P Abs were not deposited in the affected brain tissue; instead, this mood disorder was associated with lower serum and brain tryptophan concentrations. Tryptophan supplementation recovered serum tryptophan levels and prevented the behavioral disorder. TNF-α and IL-6 were essential for the decreased serum tryptophan and disease development, which were ameliorated by treatment with anti–TNF-α neutralizing Abs or dexamethasone. Peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 mice produced TNF-α, IL-6, and IDO-1 via interaction with anti-P Abs through activating FcγRs, which were required for disease development. IVIg, which has an immunosuppressive effect partly through the regulation of FcγR expression, also prevented the decrease in serum tryptophan and disease development. Furthermore, serum tryptophan concentrations were decreased in the sera of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with anti-P Abs, and lower tryptophan levels correlated with disease activity. Our study revealed some of the molecular mechanisms of mood disorder induced by anti-P Abs.
OTUD1 Regulates Antifungal Innate Immunity through Deubiquitination of CARD9
Authors: Chen Xiaorong , Zhang Honghai , Wang Xueer , Shao Zhugui , Li Yanqi , Zhao Guimin , Liu Feng , Liu Bingyu , Zheng Yi , Chen Tian , Zheng Hui , Zhang Lei , Gao Chengjiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
CARD9 is an essential adaptor protein in antifungal innate immunity mediated by C-type lectin receptors. The activity of CARD9 is critically regulated by ubiquitination; however, the deubiquitinases involved in CARD9 regulation remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identified ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 1 (OTUD1) as an essential regulator of CARD9. OTUD1 directly interacted with CARD9 and cleaved polyubiquitin chains from CARD9, leading to the activation of the canonical NF-κB and MAPK pathway. OTUD1 deficiency impaired CARD9-mediated signaling and inhibited the proinflammatory cytokine production following fungal stimulation. Importantly, Otud1–/– mice were more susceptible to fungal infection than wild-type mice in vivo. Collectively, our results identify OTUD1 as an essential regulatory component for the CARD9 signaling pathway and antifungal innate immunity through deubiquitinating CARD9.
Integral Use of Immunopeptidomics and Immunoinformatics for the Characterization of Antigen Presentation and Rational Identification of BoLA-DR–Presented Peptides and Epitopes
Authors: Fisch Andressa , Reynisson Birkir , Benedictus Lindert , Nicastri Annalisa , Vasoya Deepali , Morrison Ivan , Buus Søren , Ferreira Beatriz Rossetti , Kinney Ferreira de Miranda Santos Isabel , Ternette Nicola , Connelley Tim , Nielsen Morten 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
MHC peptide binding and presentation is the most selective event defining the landscape of T cell epitopes. Consequently, understanding the diversity of MHC alleles in a given population and the parameters that define the set of ligands that can be bound and presented by each of these alleles (the immunopeptidome) has an enormous impact on our capacity to predict and manipulate the potential of protein Ags to elicit functional T cell responses. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of MHC-eluted ligand data has proven to be a powerful technique for identifying such peptidomes, and methods integrating such data for prediction of Ag presentation have reached a high level of accuracy for both MHC class I and class II. In this study, we demonstrate how these techniques and prediction methods can be readily extended to the bovine leukocyte Ag class II DR locus (BoLA-DR). BoLA-DR binding motifs were characterized by eluted ligand data derived from bovine cell lines expressing a range of DRB3 alleles prevalent in Holstein–Friesian populations. The model generated (NetBoLAIIpan, available as a Web server at www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetBoLAIIpan) was shown to have unprecedented predictive power to identify known BoLA-DR–restricted CD4 epitopes. In summary, the results demonstrate the power of an integrated approach combining advanced mass spectrometry peptidomics with immunoinformatics for characterization of the BoLA-DR Ag presentation system and provide a prediction tool that can be used to assist in rational evaluation and selection of bovine CD4 T cell epitopes.
Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, Angiographic Profile and 30-Day Outcomes of Young Patients (Aged ≤35 Years) with St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kumar Tarun , Sharma Ajay Kumar , Nath Ranjit Kumar , Sharma Lokesh Kumar , Pandit Neeraj , Raj Ajay , Pandit B N 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the most devastating form of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors, clinical presentation, angiographic profile and 30-day outcomes of young patients (aged ≤35 years) with STEMI.

Materials and Methods:
Between 1 March, 2019 and 29 February, 2020, a total of 75 young patients aged ≤35 years old, with acute STEMI were included in the study. All patients underwent coronary angiography and were evaluated for clinical presentation, risk factors for CAD, management and in hospital and 30-day outcome.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 31 ± 4.5 years and 96% were male. The most common cardiovascular risk factor was smoking (66.7%), followed by dyslipidaemia (61%), family history of CAD (40%) and obesity (33.3%). Diabetes mellitus (9.3%) and hypertension (14.7%) were less common. Novel risk factors such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipoprotein (a) and hyperhomocysteinaemia were having significant association to young myocardial infarction (MI). The most common location of MI was the anterior wall (68%). Significant CAD was found in 86.7% of patients. Most patients had single vessel disease (68%) with left anterior descending being the most common vessel involved (53.3%). There was no mortality during hospitalisation or 30-day period.

Conclusion:
Acute MI in young (≤35 years) almost exclusively occurs in male and smoking is the most common cardiovascular risk factor. Young patients have less extensive coronary involvement and favourable outcomes.
Dental Anxiety and Sense of Coherence Among Outpatient Department Patients of a Dental College in Chhattisgarh
Authors: Naveen N. , Pradhan Aanchal , Singh Sneha , Borkar Payal 
Published: March 2021

Context:
The term “dental anxiety” (DA) refers to the feeling of uneasiness one undergoes during their appointment. Sense of coherence (SoC) is known to be capable of strengthening resilience and developing a subjectively positive state of health. There have been scarce studies showing the association between these two variables.

Aim:
The present study correlates DA and SoC among patients visiting outpatient department for the first time of a dental college in Chhattisgarh.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional, questionnaire study was conducted among 400 participants. SoC and DA were measured using Antonovosky's Modified DA Scale and SoC Scale (SoC 13), respectively. The Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. The analysis was done using the SPSS software version 16.0.

Results:
Out of 400 participants, the mean age was 37.5, where the number of male participants was high (male = 265 and female = 135). 44.8% of the study participants were slightly anxious. DA according to the age and gender was found to be statistically insignificant (P ≤ 0.896), (P ≤ 0.171), respectively. The overall SoC among the study population was low and a statistically significant association between SoC and age (P ≤ 0.046) was seen. A statistically significant association was found between SoC and gender (P ≤ 0.001). The results stated that SoC is inversely proportional to DA (r = −0.97).

Conclusions:
The present study reflects that DA and SoC have inverse correlation.
Knowledge, Preparedness and Percieved Barriers Among Clinicians and Academicians Regarding Tobacco Cessation Counseling in Bhopal City
Authors: Jain Swapnil , Agrawal Swati , Sharva Vijayta , Lohiya Juhi 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Tobacco use is responsible for 3 million deaths globally every year. Tailored counseling by a specialist increases quit rates additionally by 4%–7% compared to normal. Now, tobacco cessation is a part of oral health assessment. Hence, brief advice from dental health professionals as part of their routine consultations or interactions is an approach that makes use of existing health-care systems.

Purpose:
A study was carried out among the dental professionals of Bhopal to assess their knowledge, preparedness, and perceived barriers regarding tobacco cessation counseling.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among dental professionals which include academicians (Group 1), clinicians (Group 2), and both clinicians and academicians (Group 3) of Bhopal City over a period of 3 month's from May to July 2019. Two-hundred dental professionals were approached, in which 145 participated in the study. Self-administered structured, semi-open, and coded questionnaire was mailed to them and analysis was done.

Results:
The findings of the study suggest that almost all the groups agreed that they have a role in helping patients regarding tobacco cessation. Our study has overcome all the perceived barriers as 75.9% of Group 3 professionals got positive feedback from the patients after counseling and 70.9% of academicians feel chances of quitting tobacco have increased after they advised the patient to quit the habit, but 42.9% of Group 3 professionals think that they don't get time to counsel patients.

Conclusion:
As concluded in our study, Group 3 dental professionals (both academicians and clinicians) have better knowledge and actively participate in cessation of patients as compared to academicians and clinicians. Hence, there is an urgent need to sensitize and train clinicians and academicians at community and institutional levels.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adult Smokeless Tobacco Users and Nontobacco Users of Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Ahsan Iram , Menon Ipseeta , Gupta Ritu , Arora Vikram , Ashraf Asifa , Das Dipshikha 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Smokeless tobacco (ST) being a crucial determinant of oral health and oral health-related quality of life is a part of many religious and cultural rituals which has gained a degree of social acceptance in the Indian subcontinent.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adult ST users and nontobacco users of Ghaziabad.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was designed to determine the oral health status and OHRQoL of ST users and nontobacco users. A sample of 620 adult individuals was taken. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the demographic variables. Oral health status was assessed using the World Health Organization 2013 Oral Health Assessment Form, and OHRQoL was measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile-14. Statistical analysis was done by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Chi-square test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Kruskal–Wallis test were applied. Statistical significance was considered atP< 0.05.

Results:
In ST users, 90.3% had gingival bleeding, whereas 58.4% of the nontobacco users had gingival bleeding; 53.2% of the ST users had periodontal pocket compared to 47.7% of the nontobacco users. ST users had higher mean scores on the handicap (1.96 ± 1.29), psychological disability (1.89 ± 2.66), psychological discomfort (1.44 ± 1.31), functional limitation (0.92 ± 1.35), physical pain (0.79 ± 0.91), and social disability (0.52 ± 0.70) when compared to the nontobacco users. A ST user has a higher (8.03 ± 4.14) mean score when compared to nontobacco users (4.56 ± 4.01) (P < 0.001) in all subscales of OHRQoL. A statistically significant difference in the oral OHRQoL between ST users and nontobacco users was observed.

Conclusion:
Hence, the study revealed that ST users definitely had an influence on OHRQoL, with a statistically significant increase in oral health problems in ST users compared to nonusers.
Assessment of Health-Care Ethical Challenges in a Dental Hospital
Authors: Chakrapani Ashok Ranjit , Babitha G. A. , Prakash Shobha , Prashanth G. M. , Sushanth V. H. , Kumari Nirmala 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Ethical practice in health care is defined as consisting of informed consent, respect for integrity, and patient's autonomy. In the past few years, there has been an increase in the number of disputes ranging from inadequate and inappropriate treatments to serious problems of medical malpractice and negligence. There is thus a growing need to identify whether or not patients are satisfied with services provided and which ethical challenges, if any, patients value most in a health-care setting. This is not only to elevate the quality of treatment but also to potentially avoid unnecessary legal complications.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the opinion of patients at a dental hospital about some commonly encountered ethical challenges and to investigate the ethical challenges which patients feel most important to them.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and two participants were recruited for this cross-sectional study among patients who have visited the dental hospital more than twice. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire on some common ethical challenges. A three-point Likert scale was used. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2016 spreadsheet (Microsoft, USA), and Chi-square test was performed using SPSS (IBM) software (version 23.0). The results were considered as statistically significant whenP< 0.05.

Results:
Seventy percent of the participants felt that doctors were competent in completing procedure in the time frame, and 82% felt that doctors followed the personal hygiene protocol. Only 47% of the participants felt that doctors accommodated missed appointments/lateness. Category E (infection control) was the category most commonly selected as the most important ethical challenge to patients with 36% of the participants.

Conclusion:
Participants were satisfied with a majority of the clinical services provided. The majority of the patients considered doctor competence and infection control as important issues. There is, however, a general lack of awareness regarding ethical issues in the dental field.
Serum myostatin level is a positive predictor of endothelial function measured by digital thermal monitoring of vascular reactivity in kidney transplantation patients
Authors: Lin Hsiu-Hsien , Ho Ching-Chun , Chen Yen-Cheng , Ho Guan-Jin , Hsu Bang-Gee , Lee Ming-Che 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
Myostatin is a myokine predominantly expressed and secreted in skeletal muscle in response to stimulations, including oxidative stress or inflammation. We investigated a potential association between myostatin levels and endothelial function among kidney transplantation (KT) patients.

Materials and Methods:
Fasting blood samples were collected from 64 KT patients. The endothelial function that indicated by vascular reactivity index (VRI) was measured by digital thermal monitoring test. Serum myostatin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. All patients were categorized into three groups according to their VRI values: poor vascular reactivity was considered if VRI <1.0; 1.0 ≤VRI <2.0 indicated intermediate vascular reactivity, and VRI ≥2.0 was grouped as good vascular reactivity.

Results:
Seven KT patients (10.9%) were categorized as poor vascular reactivity, 24 KT patients (37.5%) were grouped as intermediate vascular reactivity, and 33 KT patients had good vascular reactivity. Advanced age (r = −0.372, P = 0.002) and serum alkaline phosphate (ALP) level (r = −0.341, P = 0.006) were negatively correlated with VRI. However, serum myostatin level (r = 0.430, P < 0.001) was positively correlated with VRI. In multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis, high serum level of myostatin (β = 0.441, adjusted R
2 change = 0.171; P < 0.001), advanced age (β = −0.317, adjusted R
2 change = 0.138; P = 0.003), and serum ALP level (β = −0.270, adjusted R
2 change = 0.060; P = 0.011) were significantly associated with VRI in KT patients.

Conclusion:
Our study showed that fasting myostatin level was positively associated with VRI and endothelial function among KT patients.