bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EDFM-based Multi-Continuum Shale Gas Simulation with Low Velocity Non-Darcy Water Flow Effect
Authors: Jiang Yu , Killough John , Li Linkai , Cui Xiaona , Tang Jin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The exploitation of shale gas has attracted extensive attention in industry and academia. Multi-scale gas transportation mechanisms in matrix and fractures have been well studied. However, due to the presence of water originating from both fracking fluids and connate water, shale gas production is also greatly affected by water imbibition and flowback, of which the processes have not been thoroughly analyzed. This paper aims at presenting a comprehensive multi-continuum multi-component model to characterize the complicated shale gas flow behaviors as well as the impact of non-Darcy water flow on shale gas production.
A two-phase numerical simulator is built up with multi-continuum settings. Shale matrix is split into organic and inorganic matters while natural and hydraulic fractures are modeled using an embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM). Fracture closure and elongation are modeled using a dynamic gridding approach. Different transportation mechanisms are considered to describe gas flow in shale, including Knudsen diffusion, ab/desorption, and convection. The low-velocity non-Darcy flow of water is used in inorganic pores to analyze the effect of water flow.
A pre-stage model based on pumping history is simulated firstly before production starts. This serves as an initialization step to model fracking fluid imbibition and early-stage water flowback. This pre-stage simulation gives out more precise pressure and saturation profiles than the conventional non-equilibrium initialization method, especially in enhanced pore volumes and fractures. Based upon simulation results from the production period, Langmuir isotherm absorption has shown a massive impact on gas flow in shale, and Knudsen diffusion weights highest among transport mechanisms. Water non-Darcy flow better benefits in simulating both early-stage water flowback and production process compared with Darcy flow, which gives us a new explanation on the low flowback efficiency in real shale gas operations. Studies on early-stage water flowback also show that the flowback affects saturation distribution, which has a strong relationship with gas production and shall not be ignored.
This work establishes a novel method to simulate and analyze shale gas production. It considers multiple and complex flow mechanisms and gives out better estimates of water flux. It is also used to initialize a model for pumping water imbibition and early-stage flowback, which can be used as technical resources for analyzing and simulating unconventional plays.
A GPU-Based Integrated Simulation Framework for Modelling of Complex Subsurface Applications
Authors: Khait Mark , Voskov Denis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Alternative to CPU computing architectures, such as GPU, continue to evolve increasing the gap in peak memory bandwidth achievable on a conventional workstation or laptop. Such architectures are attractive for reservoir simulation, which performance is generally bounded by system memory bandwidth. However, to harvest the benefit of a new architecture, the source code has to be inevitably rewritten, sometimes almost completely. One of the biggest challenges here is to refactor the Jacobian assembly which typically involves large volumes of code and complex data processing. We demonstrate an effective and general way to simplify the linearization stage extracting complex physics-related computations from the main simulation loop and leaving only an algebraic multi-linear interpolation kernel instead. In this work, we provide the detailed description of simulation performance benefits from execution of the entire nonlinear loop on the GPU platform. We evaluate the computational performance of Delft Advanced Research Terra Simulator (DARTS) for various subsurface applications of practical interest on both CPU and GPU platforms, comparing particular workflow phases including Jacobian assembly and linear system solution with both stages of the Constraint Pressure Residual preconditioner.
Automatic Calibration of a Geomechanical Model from Sparse Data for Estimating Stress in Deep Geological Formations
Authors: Andersen O. , Kelley M. , Smith V. , Raziperchikolaee S. 
Published: October 2021

Summary
In this study, we demonstrate geomechanical modeling with fully automatic parameter calibration to estimate the full geomechanical stress fields of a prospective US CO2 storage site, based on sparse measurement data. The goal is to compute full stress tensor field estimates (principal stresses and orientations) that are maximally compatible with observations within the constraints of the model assumptions, thereby extending point-wise, incomplete partial stress measurement to a simulated full formation stress field, as well as a rough assessment of the associated error. We use the Perch site, located in Otsego Country, Michigan, as our case study. Input data consists of partial stress tensor information inferred from in-situ borehole tests, geophysical well logs and processing of seismic data. A static earth model of the site was developed, and geomechanical simulation functionality of the open-source MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST) used to model the stress field. Adjoint-based nonlinear optimization was used to adjust boundary conditions and material properties to calibrate simulated results to observations. Results were interpreted through a Bayesian framework.
The focus of this article is to demonstrate how the fully automatic calibration procedure works and discuss the results obtained but does not attempt a detailed analysis of the stress field in the context of the proposed CO2 storage initiatives. Our work is part of a larger effort to non-invasively determine in-situ stresses in deep formations considered for CO2 storage. Guided by previously published research on geomechanical model calibration, our work presents a novel calibration approach supporting a potentially large number of linear or nonlinear calibration parameters, in order to produce results optimally agreeing with available measurements and thus extend partial point-wise estimates to full tensor fields compatible with the physics of the site.
A Multi-Level Non-Linear Solver for Complex Well Modelling
Authors: Chen Zhen , Shaalan Tareq , Dogru Ali 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Complex well model has proved to be important for capturing the full physics in wellbore, including pressure losses, multiphase effects, and advanced device modelling. Numerical instability may be observed especially when the well is produced at a low rate from a highly productive multi-phase zone. In this paper, a new multi-level nonlinear solver is presented in a state-of-the-art parallel complex wellbore model for addressing some difficult numerical convergence problems. A sequential two-level nonlinear solver is implemented, where the inner solver is used to address the convergence in the constraint rate equation, and then the entire complex network is solved using an outer solver. Finally, the wellbore model is coupled with the grid solution explicitly, sequentially, or implicitly. This novel formulation is robust enough to greatly improve the numerical stability due to the lagging in the computation of mixture density in wellbore constraint rate equation and the variation in the fluid composition over Newton iterations in network nonlinear solver.
The numerical challenge in the complex well model and the improvement of performance with the new nonlinear solver are demonstrated using reservoir simulation. Models with complex wells running into convergence problems are constructed and simulated. With this novel nonlinear solver, simulation gives much more reliable results on well productions without numerical oscillations and computational cost is much less.
Electrical Dry Needling Versus Conventional Physiotherapy in the Treatment of Active and Latent Myofascial Trigger Points in Patients With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Lara-Palomo Inmaculada C. , Gil-Martínez Esther , Antequera-Soler Eduardo , Castro-Sánchez Adelaida María , Fernández-Sánchez Manuel , García-López Héctor 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic low back pain is considered to be one of the main causes of absenteeism from work and primary and specialized consultations. The symptoms of non-specific chronic low back pain may be accompanied by the activation of myofascial trigger points in the muscles, together with local and/or referred pain. Electrical dry needling is increasingly used in the treatment of lumbar myofascial pain. Conventional physiotherapy, however, is a popular approach to chronic pathologies, and there is evidence of different modalities of physiotherapy being used in the treatment of chronic low back pain. The aim of this study has been to determine the effectiveness of electrical dry needling versus conventional physiotherapy when applied to active and latent myofascial trigger points in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Methods and Analysis. This is a controlled, randomized, two-arm, double-blind study. A total of 92 patients with chronic low back pain (time to onset ≥ 3 months, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire score ≥ 4) will be recruited from the University of Almería. Participants will be divided into two study groups (n = 40, respectively) to receive treatment of low back pain with electrical dry needling and conventional physiotherapy (ischaemic compression, analytic stretching and postural education training dossier). A total of 3 sessions will be administered once a week for 3 weeks. Pain intensity, disability, fear of movement, quality of life, quality of sleep, anxiety and depression, pressure pain threshold, abdominal strength, and lumbar mobility will be recorded at 3 weeks (post-immediate) and 2 months after the end of treatment.Ethics and dissemination. Ethics and Research Committee of the University of Almería (UALBIO2020/044). The results of the study will made available to researchers, clinicians and health professionals through publications in international journals and presentations in conferences.Trial registration number: NCT04804228. Recruiting
Measuring the Effective Dispersal of an Emerging Coastal Weed, Euphorbia Paralias (Sea Spurge), To Help Inform its Eradication.
Authors: Thomson Fiona Joanne 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Understanding dispersal and establishment patterns of invasive plant species is critical information to help control and eradicate their populations. Euphorbia paralias, sea spurge, is a highly invasive weed that can be a serious threat to coastal environments. Two recent incursions of E. paralias on New Zealand’s coastline consisted of one reproductive adult surrounded by several hundred juveniles, providing the opportunity to gather effective dispersal distance data for this species. Using these two separate populations effective dispersal distances curves were created for E. paralias. It was found one adult led to the establishment of 213 healthy plants at NZ’s southern-most incursion and 484 healthy plants at the northern-most incursion. All plants were subsequently removed from the site. The maximum effective dispersal distance of 15.8m on land for E. paralias was larger than would be predicted by the majority of trait-based dispersal distance models and the estimate of ~ 2m in the literature. These results show that E. paralias can establish large healthy populations, making it a considerable threat to coastal environments. However, populations around an adult plant are fairly concentrated at the very early stages of invasion (90% of offspring < 5.5m from the adult) providing opportunities to remove the seed bank at incursion sites. Early detection of E. paralias populations using comprehensive surveillance and removal of any new populations (seed and establishing plants) will be essential components for the success in any eradication programme for sea spurge.
(f, g)- Derivation In Residuated Multilattices
Authors: Yemene Darline Laure Keubeng , Fotso Luc Emery Diekouam , Lele Celestin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper’s primary goal, is to extend the study of (f, g)-derivation to residuated multilattices with some examples and to study the first properties. We study ideal (f, g)- derivation and investigate several of its properties.
Formulation of a novel drinking water quality index equation with the application of multi-criteria decision making techniques
Authors: Deb Deepjyoti , Chakraborty Tilottama , Majumder Mrinmoy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Water Quality Index elucidates the complexity in assessing water quality by converting the results of various parameters into a single number for a precise interpretation of the condition of concerning water. The present study focuses on implementing Multi-Criteria decision-making techniques, namely, Analytical Hierarchy Process and Analytical Networking Process, in estimating the relative weighted significance values of the water quality parameters based on three novel criteria like Cost, Potability, and Taste. The suggested Water Quality Index technique utilizes these weighted values of the water quality parameters in depicting and expressing the water quality level in the form of an index value. Dissolved Oxygen has emerged as the most persuasive factor in evaluating water quality for drinking purposes in this study. This paper has also suggested modifying the standard weighted arithmetic water quality index for higher accuracy in results. Furthermore, Sensitivity analysis is performed to corroborate the Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach in index assessment. The accuracy of the Water Quality Index analysis shall improve if a fixed set of criteria and their preference are asserted and justified based on which the water quality parameters are ranked. Their weighted significance values will be estimated accordingly.
A Single Center, Open-Labeled Trial To Investigate The Pharmacokinetics of Insulin Detemir in Healthy Taiwanese Subjects
Authors: Kwok Ching Fai , Ho Low-Tone 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Insulin detemir(nn304) is a long-acting insulin analogue reported to provide more predictable blood glucose level throughout the day, leading to a lower within-subject variability compared to NPH insulin. Pharmacokinetic profiles of insulin detemir had not been investigated in Taiwanese. This study was to determine whether there is a differencebetween Taiwanese subjects in pharmacokinetic profile of insulin detemir compared to Caucasian subjects.Methods: Pharmacokinetic profile of insulin detemir was measured in twenty male Taiwaneses(nn304-3023). Eligible subjects were given insulin detemir as a single dose subcutaneous injection at 0.5 U/kg body weight in the mid-thigh using NovoPen® 3 device. 32-hour serum insulin detemir concentrations were measured. Hypoglycemia and adverse events were recorded. The results were compared to data obtained from a previous trial inCaucasian subjects (nn304-1451).Results: There was no significant difference between Taiwanese (nn304-3023) and Caucasian(nn304-1451) in the primary endpoint, AUC(0–∝), and the secondary endpoints, AUC(0–24h), and t1/2. However, the secondary endpoints, Cmax was 40% higher, tmax was shorter(270.0 vs. 420.0 min) and AUC(0–5h) was 2-fold more in Taiwanese. When only male subjects were included in the comparator trial (nn304-1451), the t1/2 was significantly shorter in Taiwanese(348 min vs 404 min). There was no significant difference in the mean blood glucose concentrations between Taiwanese and Caucasian subjects. A single episode of hypoglycemia(53 mg/dL) was reported in a 24-year-old male approximately 2.5 hours after the administration of insulin detemir. He was able to treat himself for the episode.Conclusion: In this pharmacokinetic evaluation of a single dose administration of insulin detemir in Taiwanese male subjects, the AUC(0–∝), and AUC(0–24h) were not different from that of Caucasians in the comparator trial. However, insulin detemir appeared to be more rapidly absorbed in Taiwanese males. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its pharmacodynamic response and mechanisms. Finally, there was no clinically relevant safety concern raised in this study. (Funded by research grant from Novo Nordisk, Taiwan; first registration date 22/12/2011 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01497587.
Loss of Autophagy In Tibial Growth Plate Chondrocytes Causes Increased Chondrocyte Apoptosis In Young Rats With Chronic Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Wang Xiao-jian , Lu Xiao , Guo Song-jia , Tian Wei , Wu Jian-bo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: To observed the effect of autophagy in tibial growth plate chondrocytes on apoptosis in chronic renal insufficiency(CRI) rats.Method: Male 4-week-old Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=20/per group): (1) the normal group was intragastrically administered distilled water; and (2) the CRI group was given a 150 mg/(kg·d) adenine suspension. All rats were sacrificed after continuous gavage for 6 weeks. The tibial length and the width of the tibial growth plate were measured using micro-CT. The width of the tibial growth plate was also measured in histological sections at both 4 w and 10 w. The level of the autophagy marker Beclin-1 in chondrocytes was measured by immunofluorescence. The level of glycogenin-1, a marker of intracellular glycogen accumulation, was measured by immunohistochemistry in chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro. The apoptosis rate of chondrocytes was measured by the TUNEL method in vivo and in vitro.Results: The results showed that the length of tibia was shorter and the width of tibia growth plate was narrower in CRF young rats. Autophagy level of chondrocytes in tibial growth plate decreased, and accumulation of glycogen granules in chondrocytes increased significantly. Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes in tibial growth plate increased.Conclusion: When CRF occurred in young rats, the autophagy level of chondrocytes in tibial growth plate decreased significantly.As a result, there are not enough autophagic vesicles to swallow glycogen granules in chondrocytes and degrade them into glucose for energy supply, which leads to chondrocyte apoptosis.Autophagy of chondrocytes is at least partly involved in energy metabolism of cells.
Kimura Disease With Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: A Case Report
Authors: Fan Ruiyun , Xu Guopeng , Chen Ying , Lv Jinghuan , Zhang Zhongwei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Kimura disease (KD) is a rare chronic idiopathic condition of unknown etiology that is prevalent in Asian males. It often causes subcutaneous lumps and enlarged lymph nodes, especially in head and neck region. But KD is also a systemic disease that can involve multiple organs, such as the kidneys and skin. Case presentation: Here, we report a 62-year-old Chinese man who was characterized by paroxysmal cough, enlarged inguinal lymph nodes, recurrent skin itching, and elevated IgE antibodies specific to A. fumigatus. After a comprehensive inspection, the final diagnosis for this patient was KD with Atopic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA). Conclusions: The age of onset and the location of the lump involved were not the most common. This study described the patient’s diagnosis and treatment process. The coexistence of the two special diseases will provide clinicians with some enlightenment on the etiology of KD. Moreover, we hope to arouse the attention of multidisciplinary team to explore the potential relationship between KD and ABPA. It will contribute to preventing the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of KD.
Prebiotic Synthesis of α-Amino Acids and Orotate from α-Ketoacids Potentiates Transition to Extant Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan , Pulletikurti Sunil , Yadav Mahipal , Springsteen Greg 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Strecker reaction of aldehydes is the preeminent pathway to explain the prebiotic origins of a-amino acids. However, biology employs transamination of a-ketoacids to give rise to amino acids which are then transformed to nucleobases, implying subsequent evolution of the biosynthetic pathways – abiotically or biotically. Herein, we show that a-ketoacids react with cyanide and ammonia sources to form the corresponding a-amino acids – via the Bucherer-Bergs pathway. An efficient prebiotic transformation of oxaloacetate to aspartate via N-carbamoyl aspartate enables the simultaneous formation of dihydroorotate, paralleling the biochemical synthesis of orotate as the precursor to pyrimidine nucleobases. Glyoxylate forms both glycine and orotate, and reacts with malonate and urea to form aspartate and dihydroorotate. These results, along with the previously demonstrated protometabolic analogs of the Krebs cycle suggest that there can be a natural emergence of congruent forerunners of biological pathways with the potential for seamless transition from prebiotic chemistry to modern metabolism.
Development of a 95 SNP Panel To Individually Genotype Mountain Lions (Puma Concolor) For Microfluidic and Other Genotyping Platforms
Authors: Buchalski Michael , Sacks Benjamin , Ahrens Kristen , Gustafson Kyle , Rudd Jaime , Ernest Holly , Dellinger Justin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The mountain lion (Puma concolor) is one of the few remaining large predators in California, USA with density estimation from fecal genotypes becoming an essential component of conservation and management. In highly urbanized southern California, mountain lions are fragmented into small, inbred populations making proper marker selection critical for individual identification. We developed a panel of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that can be used for consistent, routine mountain lion monitoring by different laboratories. We used a subset of existing Illumina HiSeq data for 104 individuals from throughout California to design a single, highly heterozygous multiplex of 95 SNPs for the Fluidigm platform. This panel confidently differentiates individual mountain lions, identifies sex, and discriminates mountain lions from bobcats. The panel performed well on fecal DNA extracts and based on design, had sufficient resolution to differentiate individual genotypes in even the population with lowest genetic diversity in southern California.
A Simulation Method for the Optimization of Cooling Water Slot Structure in Slab Continuous Casting Mold Combined With SEN
Authors: Om Sang Chol , Kim Dong-Gil , Pak Chong-Il , Kim Hak-Yong , Kim Il-Un 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The temperature field in the full 3D finite element mold model combined with submerged entry nozzle(SEN)(Full SEN-3D FEMM) is simulated with Fluent of ANSYS 18.0 Package to apply the maximum heat flux density on the heat face of mold copper plate obtained through this simulation to the element model of the copper plate, and thermal stress and strain simulations on the copper plate and stainless back ones are conducted with Workbench of ANSYS 18.0 Package to confirm the reasonable designing factors for the water slot structure on the copper plate. The maximum heat flux densities on the wide and narrow heat faces of the copper plates are given on the initial shock areas of molten steel flux injected through SEN. With constant heat flux density on the heat face, the more the thickness of copper plate increases, the more the max- and min temperatures increase and the difference between them decreases. Elastic and plastic deformations on the copper plate are made during continuous casting(CC) process; the former occurs around the water slots and the latter around the heat face with the highest temperature, which regards 20-18-17 as the most reasonable one among 4 plans for the water slot structure.