bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical abortion kit dispensing practices of community pharmacies in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal
Authors: Dangi Nim Bahadur , Subedi Sangam , Gyawali Mahasagar , Bhattarai Aashish , Bhandari Tulsi Ram 
Published: January 2021

Background
Medical abortion (MA) refers to the use of medicines to terminate the pregnancy. There is an urgent need to spread safe abortion services in the community. This study assessed the MA kit dispensing practices of community pharmacies in Pokhara Valley, Nepal.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Pokhara Valley, Nepal from December 2017 to November 2018. Among the community pharmacies of Pokhara Valley, 115 community pharmacies were selected using a consecutive sampling method. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. MA kit and related information were requested by simulated male clients visiting the community pharmacies. The information obtained from the pharmacy workers was recorded in the data collection sheet.

Results
Nine brands of MA kit from eight manufacturing companies were found in practice in Pokhara Valley, out of those only five (56%) were registered in Nepal. Seven brands were sold at more than the labeled price. The pharmacy workers asked about the gestational age and confirmation of pregnancy in all the cases. Most of them counseled the clients on the frequency, duration, and direction of use. Dispensing practice and level of counseling were found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.40, p value = 0.01).

Conclusion
Despite the awareness of the pharmacy workers on the MA kit, most of them provided limited information to the clients. Nearly half unregistered MA kits were found in practice at the community pharmacies. Thus, the Department of Drugs Administration and other concerned authorities must provide relevant training and awareness programs to the pharmacy workers of the community pharmacies for preventing the malpractice of MA kit. The Government of Nepal must restrict the illegal entry of unregistered brands and assure the standards of MA kit by regulating drug acts and policies effectively.
Molecular genetic features of the diabetes mellitus development and the possibility of precision therapy
Authors: Demidova Tatyana Yu. , Zenina Svetlana G. 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this review is to analyze existing data on the molecular genetic features of the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes and specific types of diabetes (maturity onset of diabetes of the young, neоnatal diabetes) and to assess the possibility of precision therapy.The etiology of diabetes is heterogeneous, and a genetic predisposition plays a significant role in its development. Genetic studies, conducted in the past few decades, allow us to identify a number of genes that directly affect the development of diabetes. The genetic prerequisites indicate high levels of predictability for the occurrence of type 1 diabetes. The only personalized treatment that is known to date for such patients is insulin therapy. For monogenic specific types of diabetes, genetic testing is a diagnostic factor which allows to prescribe adequate therapy. The molecular genetic characteristics of the development of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes are very complex and ambiguous, however, the existing rich data will become the basis for future recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and personalized treatment.
The Rapid Growth of Coconut Estates in Indragiri Hilir 1980s – 1990s
Authors: Akmal Atqo , Warto Warto , Sariyatun Sariyatun 
Published: January 2021

Coconut estate is one of the vital agriculture sub-sectors in Indonesia because it has an important role in absorbing employment. In the early 20th century, Netherland Indies was one of the major copra exporters globally, and the eastern region of Nusantara contributed as the leading producer. However, in the 1930s – 1950s, the coconut-based economy's contraction phase in the eastern region had weakened the whole production. The Indonesian government tried to recover coconut estates and its economic market through several efforts, such as rehabilitating smallholder coconut estates, recovering copra trading, and starting coconut industrialization. Used historical research methods, this article described the shifting of Indonesia coconut-based economy from the past center of trade and production, in the eastern region of Indonesia, to a recent major producer and industry cluster in the Indragiri Hilir, Riau Province. In the 1980s – 1990s, the government efforts to improve coconut commodities have led to shifting the Indonesian coconut-based economy to Indragiri Hilir. Several policies issued by the government such as Smallholder Coconut Development Project, Proyek Peremajaan Rehabilitasi dan Perluasan Tanaman Ekspor (PRPTE), Nucleus Estate Smallholder (NES), Nucleus Estate Smallholder Transmigration (NES-Trans), and the local government funding, as well as the liberalization of coconut trading regulation, had stimulated rapid growth of coconut estates in Indragiri Hilir. Even though several schemes and governments attempt to develop smallholder coconut estates, the expansion rate was mostly dominated by self-funded smallholder coconut estates. During the 1980s – 1990s, the increasing demand for coconut from large-scale processing industries had attracted the smallholder to cultivate coconut.
Mata Rantai Perdagangan Lada di Kalimantan Bagian Tenggara Pada Abad ke-17-18
Authors: Susilowati Endang 
Published: January 2021

In the period of 17th century up to 18th century, pepper was one of the important commodities of Southeastern Kalimantan. Pepper was produced by Dayak tribes in rural areas of Southeastern Kalimantan, transported through the rivers and traded in Banjarmasin, which was the most important port in the region. Merchants from all around the globe visited Banjarmasin to trade for this commodity. This article aims to study the linkage of the pepper trade in Banjarmasin which involved pepper farmers in rural areas, Chinese and Banjar merchants as the middlemen, Sultan and court officials as the holders of privileges in pepper trade, and foreign traders (Chinese, Dutch, and the British) as the buyer of pepper in the port city of Banjarmasin. By discussing the role of each part of the link, the relationship between these parts can be seen clearly. The results of this study indicate that pepper farmers are the most disadvantaged party in this trade link, they hardly benefit from the growing trade of the pepper they produced. Meanwhile the middlemen, Sultan and court officials had enjoyed huge profits. The Sultan even used pepper as a political tool to gain the support of Dutch authorities (Dutch East-India Company) in dealing with their enemies. Another important link was the Chinese, Dutch and British merchants who competed for the pepper supplies. The Chinese traders who charged the pepper for a higher price had easier way to obtain the pepper supplies than the Dutch and British traders who were supported by their trading authorities.
Fundamentals of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)
Authors: Moad Catherine L. , Moad Graeme 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Radical polymerization is transformed into what is known as reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization by the addition of a RAFT agent. RAFT polymerization enables the preparation of polymers with predictable molar mass, narrow chain length distribution, high end-group integrity and provides the ability to construct macromolecules with the intricate architectures and composition demanded by modern applications in medicine, electronics and nanotechnology. This paper provides a background to understanding the mechanism of RAFT polymerization and how this technique has evolved.
Conviviality, the Internet, and AI. Ivan Illich, Bernard Stiegler, and the Question Concerning Information-technological Self-limitation
Authors: Beinsteiner Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn his book Tools for Conviviality (1975), Ivan Illich calls for human self-limitation in technology development. His aim is neither environmental protection nor the prevention of unforeseen side-effects of technology development, but the comprehensibility of technologies’ operating principles for the user. For if the construction or repairing of tools requires expert knowledge inaccessible to the public, this necessarily entails social imbalances in power. In a similar manner, Bernard Stiegler conceives the delegation of know-how to technological systems as a kind of proletarianization that ultimately may result in a loss of savoir-vivre. Without sweepingly rejecting the division of labour, automation or specialized knowledge, practices of commoning respond to such diagnoses: free software like GNU/Linux or open hardware largely succeed in unlinking the expert knowledge that advanced computing doubtlessly requires from problematic power effects. From this perspective, proprietary algorithms are problematic, as their lack of transparency prevents conviviality. This also holds for the practices of data aggregation and extraction which steadily increase the information gap between platform providers and users. An even more fundamental problem is posed by so-called “self-learning”, i.e., recursively adapting, algorithms: it is not clear how and to what extent the knowledge and instructions generated by “artificial intelligence” can be traced and reconstructed by human insight. Thus, we are confronted with a situation of potentially non-recoverable proletarianization and non-conviviality that exposes a renewed urgency of Illich’s considerations concerning technological self-limitation.
Voxel-based finite element modelling of wood elements based on spatial density and geometry data using computed tomography
Authors: Hartig Jens U. , Bieberle André , Engmann Chris , Haller Peer 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, voxel-based finite element modelling based on spatial geometry and density data is applied to simulate the detailed stress and strain distribution in a large wood element. As example, a moulded wooden tube with a length of 3 m and a diameter of 0.3 m is examined. Gamma-ray computed tomography is used to obtain both, its actual geometric shape and spatial density distribution. Correlation functions (R2 ≈ 0.6) between density and elastic material properties are experimentally determined and serve as link for defining the non-uniform distribution of the material properties in the finite element model. Considering the geometric imperfections and spatial variation of the material properties, a detailed analysis of the stress and strain distribution of a wood element is performed. Additionally, a non-destructive axial compression test is applied on the wooden tube to analyse the load-bearing behaviour. By means of digital image correlation, the deformation of the surface is obtained, which also serves for validation of the finite element model in terms of strain distributions.
Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of (m, n)-Jordan derivations
Authors: An Guangyu , Yao Ying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of

(
m
,
n
)

(m,n)

-Jordan derivations. As applications, we characterize

(
m
,
n
)

(m,n)

-Jordan derivations on

C

⁎

{C}^{\ast }

-algebras and some non-self-adjoint operator algebras.
Variation in differential object marking: On some differences between Spanish and Romanian
Authors: Irimia Monica Alexandrina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although differential object marking (DOM) has been studied from a multitude of perspectives, research into the types of variation it allows in closely related languages is still needed. This article examines DOM from the point of view of (micro)variation, focusing on two genetically related languages, namely, standard Spanish and Romanian. Both identities and points of divergence are discussed in detail and argued to result from a morphosyntactic parameter in the realm of differential marking. Following López [López, Luis. 2012. Indefinite Objects Scrambling, Choice Functions and Differential Marking. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press], the Spanish special marker signals certain types of nominals which undergo short scrambling in order to have Case licensed. In Romanian, however, DOM is equated with an additional operation beyond the valuation of Case.
Shakespeare Against Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism in the World of Globalisation
Authors: Dumitrašković Tatjana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Critics belonging to cultural materialism consider that Shakespeare’s work has its own political dimension by demystifying specific forms of power. The paper deals with the way Shakespeare’s three great tragedies reveal how the authoritarian power could function through terror based on violence and dictatorship, and the abuse of that power in the world of globalisation.
Memories and Stories Redefining the Past and History in Julian Barnes’s the Sense of an Ending
Authors: Catană Elisabeta Simona 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This essay analyses Julian Barnes’s The Sense of an Ending and argues that the concepts of the past and history are redefined by the narrator’s subjective memories and stories in a postmodernist manner. This essay shows that the past is reread as a letter and as a diary fragment which ask for the readers’ various interpretations regarding their absolute truth.
Calculation Model for the Mixing Amount of Internal Curing Materials in High-strength Concrete based on Modified MULTIMOORA
Authors: Guo Lixia , Wang Minghua , Zhong Ling , Zhang Yanan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The internal curing technology has been widely applied to high-strength concrete, for it can make the high-strength concrete marked by low shrinkage and durable frost resistance. The key to its extension and application lies in the reasonable mixing amount of internal curing materials. To address this problem, scholars have proposed a method for determining the water demand in internal curing; however, the water release of internal curing materials is difficult to obtain by measurement due to the mixing method. Therefore, this paper proposed a calculation model for the mixing amount of internal curing materials based on the modified MULTIMOORA method (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis plus full multiplicative form). First, different internal curing materials (super absorbent polymer (SAP), lightweight aggregate (LWA)) and pretreatment methods were selected to calculate their compressive strength, self-shrinkage and frost durability according to a proposed test scheme on the mixing amount of internal curing materials, and in such case, the comprehensive performance evaluation of the above indexes was turned into a multi-attribute decision-making problem. Second, the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) method and the entropy weight method were used to determine the subjective and objective weights of the indexes respectively, to eliminate the impact of outliers in the subjective evaluation values. Finally, the comprehensive performance of each test group was sorted using MULTIMOORA, and based on the sorting results and the calculation model, the mixing amount of internal curing materials was determined. The numerical example application results showed that the mixing amount of SAP curing material calculated based on the model herein was 1.276 kg/m3, and the mixing method adopted the pre-water absorption method with the total water-binder ratio unchanged. The numerical example evaluation results were in good agreement with the test results. The internal curing effect of SAP was better than that of LWA, and reached the best when the mixing amount was calculated at 25 times the water release rate and the requirement for the maximum total water diversion was met. The study may provide new ideas for extension and application of the internal curing technology.
Reducing the carbon footprint in the foundations structures of masonry family houses
Authors: Ondová Marcela , Eštoková Adriana , Fabianová Martina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the environmental assessment becomes more and more of interest as an additional tool for the decision-makers. The researchers in civil engineering focus on building materials, structures as well as whole buildings environmental evaluation. Analysis of the environmental impact of particular structures may be helpful for selecting building materials, with regard to the environmental performance of buildings in the early project phase. The aim of this paper is presentation of an environmental evaluation of the rarely assessed particular structures – building foundations and the analysis of the share of the building foundations to the overall environmental impact of building as well. The obtained data point to the need to include the environmental impacts of foundations when assessing the buildings, because of it is a necessary part of any type of family house. One kilogram of built-in foundations materials was responsible for emissions of 0.092 kg of greenhouse gases expressed by carbon dioxide (CO2). Embodied energy was calculated as equal to 1.14 MJ per 1kg of foundations materials and 832.2 MJ/m2 per building floor area. The foundation materials of houses contributed to the total environmental impact of the whole buildings by, on average, 15.0 and 22.8 % for embodied energy and global warming potential, respectively.
Structural diagnostics and structural analysis of precast concrete building
Authors: Demjan Ivo , Tomko Michal , Šoltýs Róbert 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper was to estimate further service possibilities of precast concrete structure. It was necessary to remain basic reliability conditions for actual service conditions. To reach this goal a complex experimental diagnostics and structural analysis was applied. On the basis of these methods construction arrangements recommendations were defined.
Mutations in the SARS CoV-2 spike protein may cause functional changes in the protein quaternary structure
Authors: Akbulut Ekrem 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to model the changes resulting from mutations in surface (spike/S) glycoproteins, which play a key role in the entry of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) into host cells, in a protein quaternary structure and to evaluate their possible effects on the functional structure.

Methods
Genome sequence information of SARS CoV-2-infected patients located in Turkey was obtained from the GISAID EpiCoV database. Structural analysis of spike proteins was done using bioinformatics tools (MAFFT, PSIPRED, ProMod3, PyMoL and DynOmics).

Results
We identified 76 Thr>Ile mutations in the N-terminal domain; 468 Ile>Val mutations in the receptor binding site and 614 Asp>Gly, 679 Asn>Lys, 771 Ala>Val and 772 Val>Ile mutations in the S1 subunit. It has been observed that the mutations, except those of residues 771 and 772, may cause significant conformational, topological and electrostatic changes in a protein quaternary structure. It has been determined that the mutations in the receptor binding site transform the protein structure into a formation that can mask the binding site and affect receptor affinity.

Conclusions
It has been considered that SARS CoV-2 S glycoprotein mutations may cause changes in a protein functional structure that can affect the severity of disease.
Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. fruit extract induces cell death through caspase mediated apoptosis in gastric cancer cell lines
Authors: Karakaş Nihal , Okur Mehmet Evren , Öztunç Nurşah , Çiçek Polat Derya , Karadağ Ayşe Esra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives

Laurocerasus
officinalis Roem. fruits are traditionally used for several health problems. Although there are some studies about its antiproliferative effects on different cancer cells, no study was reported about its potential therapeutic efficacy against gastric cancers which is the most malignant disease in the digestive system with high morbidity and mortality.

Methods
This study was aimed to evaluate L. officinalis fruit extract phytochemical contents as well as to compare anticancer effects on gastric cancer cells. The antioxidant activities were determined by ABTS and DPPH assays. Anticancer effects were measured by cell viability assays, then apoptotic proteins were analyzed by western blotting and flow cytometry.

Results

Laurocerasus officinalis fruit methanol extract showed moderate antioxidant activity by ABTS• and DPPH• assays. Significant cytotoxic activities and caspase mediated apoptosis were detected in the extract treated MKN-45 and AGS gastric cancer cells respectively while sparing healthy cells.

Conclusion
Our results showed that the L. officinalis Roem. extract has significant anticancer efficacy on gastric cancer cell lines; therefore, it can be further studied to determine its potential therapeutic components.
Using design-based research to explore the influence of context in promoting pedagogical reform
Authors: Di Biase Rhonda 
Published: January 2021

Many developing countries are seeking to improve the quality of education by promoting the use of learner-centred pedagogy as part of system wide reform. Yet many studies reveal a gap between what is envisaged in policy and what happens in practice and the inherent limitations of uncritical adoption of 'best practice' from elsewhere into local contexts. Therefore design-based research (DBR), as an interventionist approach, was selected to investigate the conditions under which the innovation of learner-centred education can be implemented in the authentic setting of a Maldivian island school. The paper elaborates the rationale underpinning this choice and a discussion of the defining features of DBR as they applied in this study: acknowledging the importance of context; facilitating collaboration between researcher and participants; and attending to a theoretical output of the research. The participatory approach which underpinned how DBR was utilised in the study and its implications for enhancing the context-appropriateness of and teachers' engagement with the reforms is also discussed. In so doing, the paper illustrates the ways in which the defining features of DBR respond to the call for better attention to context as a means for enabling greater success of global reform efforts.
XVI.—A Study in Renaissance Mysticism: Spenser's ‘Fowre Hymnes.‘
Authors: Fletcher Jefferson B. 
Published: January 2021

It was probably during, or shortly after, his residence at Cambridge University that Edmund Spenser composed two ‘hymnes,’ or odes, in praise of love and beauty. The ‘love’ praised was ‘platonic love’; the ‘beauty’ praised was ‘intellectual’ beauty.These two poems were written, it seems certain, before 1580. Over twenty years later, perhaps twenty-five,–at any rate not long before 1596,–the poet, grown older, professes to condemn them as conspicuous among “the many lewd layes” that “in the greener times of his youth” he had madeIn praise of that mad fit which fooles call love.