bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of highland peat vegetation in the Sub-district of Lintong Nihuta, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Hutagaol J M , Bintang  , Hidayat B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to identify the structure, composition, and current status of highland peat vegetation in the Lintong Nihuta Sub-district, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research conducted from December 2020 to April 2021. This study uses a survey method. The plots were laid using the purposive sampling method considering that the observed plots were those with naturally growing vegetation and accessible terrain. Sampling used the double plot vegetation analysis method with a plot size of 4 x 4 m for seedlings and 20 x 20 m for saplings obtained by measuring the minimum area of the plot. The data obtained were analyzed for frequency calculations, important value index (IVI), and Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’). The results of the vegetation analysis showed that from the four existing growth classes, only two growth classes were found at the research site, namely seedlings and saplings with a total of 23 species. The vegetation composition is dominated by shrub habitus which indicates that this peatland has been degraded. The dominant species in the study site were Lepinoria mucronata Rich. and Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.) F. Underw. The value of the biodiversity index (H’) is 0.8 with a low criterion which means the vegetation ecosystem at the study site is unstable
The effect of occupational health and safety to employee performance in the sawmills industries in Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Muhdi  , Rifai  , Harahap R D , Hanafiah D S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Occupational health and safety is the most important aspects at work, especially for workers related to machine equipments. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of occupational safety and health on the performance of employees in the sawmill process at UD. Rahmat, Kuala Begumit, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The method used is descriptive analysis. Respondents in this study were all employees who worked in the sawmill process at UD. Rahmat, Kuala Begumit, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The sampling were 30 respondents. The multiple regression analysis method with the simultaneous test. The results show that occupational safety and health have a significant effect on employee performance. Based on the perception of workers the company has provided personal protective equipment but the workers feel uncomfortable and if they wear personal protective equipment they assume that it interferes with their work.
GC-MS analysis of young and mature wild agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) and its antioxidant potential
Authors: Batubara R , Hanum T I , Affandi O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Agarwood grows wildly in the nature and its leaves may be utilized as raw materials for agarwood tea, especially from Aquilaria species. The study was conducted to determine the chemical compounds in the young and mature leaves of wild gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk). Chemical compounds were detected using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) while antioxidant capacity of the leaf extracts was assayed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical method. The results obtained a total of 30 chemical compounds in agarwood leaves extract with different composition between young and mature leaves. The agarwood leaves extracts displayed strong antioxidative capacity with a main compound namely octadecanoid acid or stearic acid.
Isolation and screening of local cellulolytic fungi from the digestive tract larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros L., North Sumatra
Authors: Nasution A F , Munir E , Suryanto D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cellulose, which is the main component of plant cell walls from higher plants, has been studied from different aspects. It is insoluble in a wide variety of solvents and is resistant to various chemicals treatments. Fungi are a group of cellulose-degrading microbes and plays major role in recycling of lignocellulosic material in nature. This study aimed to obtain cellulolytic fungi from the digestive tract of Oryctes rhinoceros L. larvae and to determine cellulolytic activity. Isolation and screening of cellulolytic fungi in the digestive tract of insects were carried out with specific medium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and the Congo Red method to obtain potential cellulolytic isolates. Eleven fungal isolates showed positive results as cellulolytic fungi. The highest cellulolytic activity was obtained from isolate F05L with a cellulolytic index of 0.90 and isolate F10L of 0.66. The smallest cellulolytic activity was obtained from isolate F02L with a cellulolytic index of 0.14. All isolates would be identified to the species level and analyzed its potential applications. Our result can provide in addition to the environmental and industrial fields, cellulolytic fungi can a solution to the problem of pollution, namely reducing the amount of cellulose waste, and can be added value to the use of waste into processed organic fertilizers to be able to provide solutions to the problem of organic waste degradation.
Conservation and sustainable utilization of tropical trees from North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Susilowati A , Rachmat H H , Elfiati D , Zaitunah A , Samsuri  , Rangkuti A B , Iswanto A H , Rambey R , Sucipto T , Hakim L , Azhar I , Syahputra O K H , Harahap M M , Ulfa M , Manurung H , Arinah H , Ginting I M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tree species have received more attention recently due to its contribution and prospective utilization. Although provided many function for human and ecosystem, the existence of trees also threatened due to illegal harvesting and forest conversion. Sustainable utlization approaches were needed for increasing the value and willingness of the community to engage in conservation activities. Although many tropical tree species, especially in North Sumatra, have been exploited, there are still few reports of sustainable approaches to those species. In this study, the assessment of several local tree species in North Sumatra was approached with five conditions adopted from previous research, those were :1) sustainable harvesting, (2) no threat interaction, (3) effective commercialization, (4) economic benefits to farmers, and 5) utilization of financial proceeds to promote conservation initiatives. The results of the study illustrate that although these four criteria are fulfilled, the forest product trade often does not provide sufficient financial benefits to protect forests from other threats. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the interaction between threats for sustainable use and conservation, by using a precise conceptual model. The financial benefits of sustainable use must be adequate to support conservation efforts that can overcome various threats to tree species conservation.
Drying kinetics on mass reduction with natural operation of potatoes as simulation model
Authors: Haryanto B , Tarigan M B , Sinuhaji T R F , Tarigan E A , Br Sitepu N A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The increase in cases of coronavirus infection causes research to be carried out at home. This is due to the rapid mutation of the coronavirus. So far, WHO has confirmed 4 variants of the coronavirus. The research carried out this time is to make a kinetic model and the percent reduction in mass in potato samples by drying using sunlight as a form of research effort carried out at home. This drying has been done before and this time it is compared with previous research data. The results obtained are that there is a difference, namely the percent reduction in sample mass before and after drying. In the sample carried out this time, the percent mass reduction on the first day was very large, but when tested on the last day it was superior to the previous research, which means that the surface area of the sample accelerates the drying process.
Analysis of internal factors affecting the health condition of mangrove forests in the coastal area of East Lampung Regency
Authors: Safe’i R , Ardiansyah F , Banuwa I S , Yuwono S B , Maulana I R , Muslih A M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The surrounding community widely uses mangrove forests as a fulfillment of life. This requires an efforts to preserve the mangrove forest so that no damage occurs. This study aimed to determine the internal factors that affect the health condition of mangrove forests. The research method used to obtain internal factor data is by measuring the ecological indicators of forest health using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method, then the data is processed by the Multiple Regression Analysis method using SPSS 20 through data on internal factors of mangrove forest health which are analyzed for their effect on health conditions of the mangrove forest. The results showed that the significant value of the regression was 0.008 ((α = 0.05) > 0.008), this means that simultaneously the independent variables (tree damage, crown damage, Cation Exchange Capacity-CEC, and biodiversity have an effect on the dependent variable (mangrove forest health) at the level of = 5%. Furthermore, through individual regression coefficients from internal factor data, it is found that the internal factors of biodiversity indicators in measurements 1 and 2 and crown conditions in the second measurement do not affect forest health conditions. Therefore, this research concludes that the internal factors that affect the level of forest health in the first measurement are vitality indicators (tree damage/cluster Plot Index-CLI and crown condition) and site quality indicators (CEC). Meanwhile, in the second measurement, there was a change in the crown condition parameters, which did not significantly affect forest health.
Soil erosion prediction using USLE model in Cangkringan micro watershed model, Yogyakarta
Authors: Fadhilla S , Kusumandari A , Senawi  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Land use that is not in accordance with ecological principles causes’ excessive soil erosion. Soil erosion has an impact on decreasing soil productivity, increasing critical land and causing land degradation. It is essential to predict the amount of soil lost due to soil erosion to determine the conservation efforts applied to suppress the erosion rate. The estimation of erosion in this study using the USLE model, using 5 factors, namely erosivity (R), erodibility (K), slope length (LS), crop management (C), and soil conservation (P). The results showed that the level of erosion hazard in Cangkringan Micro Watershed Model consisted of 5, namely very light covering an area of 29.14 ha (2.15%), mild covering an area of 642.31 ha (47.44%), moderate covering an area of 545.62 ha (40.30%), heavy area of 129.00 ha (9.53%) and very heavy area of 7.94 ha (0.58%).
Preparation of activated carbon-based catalyst from nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) shell modified with KOH for biodiesel synthesis
Authors: Taslim  , Iriany  , Bani O , Audina E , Hidayat R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An attempt to synthesize a low-cost carbon-based heterogeneous catalyst from biomass has been explored. The focus of this research was investigating the carbon-based catalyst from nipa palm shell modified with KOH in biodiesel synthesis. Dry nipa palm shell powder was carbonized at 300°C for 1 h to produce carbon. The carbon was then modified by impregnation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The carbon and modified carbon were analyzed by SEM-EDX. The modified carbon was applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification of palm oil and methanol. Transesterification was carried out at 60°C and stirred at 300 rpm. Reaction time and catalyst load was observed. Highest biodiesel yield of 95.5% was obtained at 2 h reaction time, 3% catalyst load, and methanol to oil ratio of 12:1. This preliminary study confirmed that KOH-modified carbon may act as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal endoparasites in Waringin sheep (Ovis aries) fed with complete forage and forage-concentrate
Authors: Azlan R , Tanjung M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Feed composition has a substantial impact on the persistence of gastrointestinal endoparasite infection in sheep. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of gastrointestinal endoparasites in Waringin sheep (Ovis aries) fed with complete forage and feed concentrate in Sidomulyo Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. The study has been conducted from June to August 2020 with a total of 20 sheep for each type of feed. Fecal samples from each sheep were prepared for microscopical examination using sedimentation technique (glass beads). Gastrointestinal endoparasites was identifiedmorphologically. The results documented 3 genera of endoparasites namely Haemonchus (Nematoda), Fasciola (Trematoda) and Paramphistomum (Trematoda). Based on the type of forages, sheep fed with forage-concentrate showed a lower number of helminth eggs than the complete forage group. Haemonchus sp was identified as the most frequent parasite in both type of feeds. The intensity was categorized from mild-to-moderate level of infection. Provision of forage-concentrate was then proven to prevent a high rate of infection in Waringin sheep.
Specificity of transformational processes of management in the context of modern challenges for the system of agricultural relations
Authors: Maksimova Tatiana P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper substantiates the relevance of the considered issue, which is associated with the preservation of general contradictions in determining the essential characteristics of modern forms of economic management, their typology, and scenario forecasts for the development of small and large forms of management. The dualistic nature of the results of the transformation of the main forms of economic management in the system of the national economy was explained. The economic effects of transformation processes over two decades were analyzed and compared. It was revealed that: firstly, in the structure of production large farms prevail over the small ones; secondly, similar trends are observed in the dynamics of output volumes; thirdly, over the period under study, these trends remain stable. Scenario forecasts of the main trends in the further development of small and large forms of economic management were determined. The conservative scenario assumes further concentration and oligopolization in the agrarian sphere of the national economy. The baseline scenario assumes the preservation of the existing proportions of large and small forms of farming in the structure of agricultural production. The optimistic scenario assumes that the combination of the phenomenon of the impact of the global pandemic with the improvement of government support instruments for small businesses will increase the level of competitiveness in agricultural production.
Russian beef sector: economic analysis and forecast
Authors: Kostenko O V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article presents research results on the Russian beef production sector. As in the rest of the world, beef in the Russian market is losing the competition to pork and poultry. Beef is the most resource-intensive type of meat in terms of feed consumption and land requirements. The industry has a longer herd reproduction period and return on investment. The Russian beef market is in a long-term decline. Domestic production is declining, and imports have been declining since 2015. The level of consumer prices for beef is 1.5-2 times higher than the price for pork and poultry. According to the study results, several key factors in the industry’s recovery from the crisis were identified. It is necessary to radically increase the share of beef obtained from beef cattle. This will allow obtaining better quality meat and reducing its cost. Now the share is about 20%, while in the world, beef cattle account for 40%. The construction of food chains in beef cattle is different from other agricultural sectors. The model of a combination of vertical integration (holdings) and cooperation with small independent producers is effective. The formation of such networks can be accelerated by creating and stimulating regional clusters. Russian beef has significant competitive advantages in foreign markets. In Russia, the use of steroids, growth hormones, and feed additives that stimulate the muscle mass of livestock is prohibited. Russian government programs have proven their effectiveness in other agricultural sectors. In this case, resources are needed to support clusters and cooperation in meat food chains.
Filtration technology for beer and beer yeast treatment
Authors: Rögener Frank 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Solid-liquid filtration processes are crucial for the production of beer. Clarification of the green beer generates a clear and bright product with extended colloidal and microbiological shelf live. Conventionally, clear filtration is based on pre-coat filtration using filter aids, such as diatomaceous earth (Kieselguhr). However, the application of Kieselguhr requires strict adherence to occupational safety and health protection, as it is classified as a hazardous substance by the World Health Organisation and can lead to lung diseases. Furthermore, significant amounts of waste filter aids are generated. An alternative to pre-coat filtration is microfiltration that avoids the generation of hazardous wastes. Microfiltration can also be applied in beer yeast treatment. This article highlights major concepts and restriction of the filtration processes.
Industrial and environmental safety in the extractive natural resource management for the needs of agriculture
Authors: Kalashnik A I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of agriculture, primarily crop production, is determined by the availability of the necessary amount of phosphorus-containing fertilizers. In order to meet the needs of agriculture in phosphorus mineral fertilizers, extractive nature management is carried out in a number of regions of the world through the extraction and processing of apatite and phosphorite ores. At the same time, it is important to ensure the minimum permissible impact on the environment and natural water systems. For these purposes, methodological approaches are proposed, through which it is possible to monitor the state of objects and processes of mining production and take timely measures to ensure industrial and environmental safety. The author proposes a structure for complex research and monitoring of objects and processes in extractive nature management, based on the integration of interdisciplinary research related to the earth’s surface.
The antibiotic use by pregnant mice was a reason of lung pathology of their offspring
Authors: Khomyakova Tatiana , Kozlovsky Vasiliy , Kozlovskaya Galina , Magomedova Aminat , Khomyakov Yuri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The inappropriate antibiotic usage in human and animal treating is a main reason of the antibiotic resistance, spreading wider and wider all over the world. It was proved that the use of antibiotic induces the changes in microbiota profile as well as the protective properties of the intestinal mucosal barrier, determining the level of the bacterial translocation to the distant loci of the body. Pneumonia in newborns is one of the severe pathologies that cause increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. During the newborn period, pneumonia develops much more often than in other age periods. It is considered that main reason of respiratory adaptation disorders and newborns’ pneumonia is the intrauterine infection and the development of the inflammatory process. In animal husbandry we can see that a non- specific bronchopneumonia is one of the main causes of mass mortality of young cattle. There is no any confirmed reason of the growing level of the mortality of cattle. Here we present the results of our investigation which allow suggesting a role of antibiotic use by pregnant females as a basis for the following bacterial translocation to the fetus and a non- specific bronchopneumonia.
Management of New Risks in Economic and Food Security
Authors: Osipov V S , Zeldner A G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article examines the consequences of the coronavirus in the form of a system of risks. The main goal of the study is assessment the risks of economic food security at post-COVID period. System, institutional and comparative analysis were used as methods of research. There are five types of risks in the research. We assessed monopolization in breeding, seed production and chemicalization, lockdown and value chain disruptions, increasing income inequality, food inflation, and climate changes. The introduction to the theory of nondestructive development and non-aggressive coexistence is described in the article. The authors propose a concept of non-destructive development, in which a special place is given to respect for nature, reducing aggressiveness between countries, reducing the monopolization of breeding and seed production, and reducing income inequality around the world. The monopolization of breeding and seed production is of particular concern, as it can lead to a decrease in food availability and a decrease in food security and independence. The gaps in the value chains due to the lockdown have already led to a decrease in the availability of food in individual countries. A further food crisis must not be allowed as it is fraught with social upheaval. The authors insist on the need to reduce aggression in the world, since a post-like revival of the economy is impossible in an unfavorable political situation in the world.
Optimization of transport support for forage harvesters
Authors: Valge A M , Sukhoparov A I , Perekopsky A N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Silage is the main type of feed in the diet of cattle. Violation of the agrotechnical terms of laying silos for more than 4 days contributes to a decrease in the quality of grass feed. Therefore, when harvesting silage, it is necessary to form a harvesting and transport complex of technical means that would ensure the timely filling of storage. The forage harvester performs the most energy-intensive operations in the technological process of harvesting feed from grasses. Therefore, the efficiency of the entire technological process depends on the optimal ratio of the number of combines and the vehicles that serve them. To optimize the system “technological machine-vehicles”, it is important to apply the methods of the queuing theory, which takes into account the probabilistic downtime of forage harvesters. The use of this solution method in the formation of a harvesting and transport complex based on a statistical model allows us to ensure the flow of the technological process of delivering grass mass from the field in the storage during the acyclic movement of vehicles. Optimization according to the statistical model helps to reduce the cost of silage production by up to 5% due to a more rational amount of vehicle use.
Comparative analysis of the properties of cookies containing oleogel based on beeswax and its fractions
Authors: Frolova Yu V , Sobolev R V , Kochetkova A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article presents a comparative analysis of the properties of dough and cookies based on oleogels structured with various substances. Oleogels based on beeswax and its fractions were used as an alternative to solid fat in cookies. We found out that the use of separate beeswax fractions in oleogels makes it possible to obtain dough with different rheological characteristics. It was revealed that there is no regularity in the change in the rheological properties of cookies from the properties of the dough and oleogels. Analysis of the organoleptic profile of the cookie samples showed high values. This fact indicates the acceptability of using oleogels based on individual wax fractions in the biscuits cookies. The results obtained indicate the potential of using oleogels based on beeswax fractions in cookies as an alternative to solid fats.