bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frugal innovation in energy transitions: insights from solar energy cases in Brazil
Authors: Busch Hans-Christian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article refines our understanding of frugal innovation in geographical energy transitions research. Frugal innovation represents a strategic approach to solving local problems with limited resources through complexity reduction. The article analyses three frugal innovation cases from São Paulo, Brazil. For each case, the analysis focuses on specific resource-constrained local context conditions, actors’ frugal approaches to overcoming these conditions and multi-scalar resource mobilisation strategies to scale frugal solutions. The article concludes by identifying three roles of frugality in energy transitions: (i) outcome complexity reduction enables scalable model solutions; (ii) process complexity reduction enables industrially scalable production; (iii) a philosophy of complexity reduction enables scalable dissemination strategies.
COVIDOUTCOME—estimating COVID severity based on mutation signatures in the SARS-CoV-2 genome
Authors: Nagy Ádám , Ligeti Balázs , Szebeni János , Pongor Sándor , Győrffy Balázs 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNumerous studies demonstrate frequent mutations in the genome of SARS-CoV-2. Our goal was to statistically link mutations to severe disease outcome. We used an automated machine learning approach where 1594 viral genomes with available clinical follow-up data were used as the training set (797 ‘severe’ and 797 ‘mild’). The best algorithm, based on random forest classification combined with the LASSO feature selection algorithm, was employed to the training set to link mutation signatures and outcome. The performance of the final model was estimated by repeated, stratified, 10-fold cross validation (CV) and then adjusted for multiple testing with Bootstrap Bias Corrected CV. We identified 26 protein and Untranslated Region (UTR) mutations significantly linked to severe outcome. The best classification algorithm uses a mutation signature of 22 mutations as well as the patient’s age as the input and shows high classification efficiency with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 [confidence interval (CI): [0.912, 0.962]] and a prediction accuracy of 87% (CI: [0.830, 0.903]). Finally, we established an online platform (https://covidoutcome.com/) that is capable to use a viral sequence and the patient’s age as the input and provides a percentage estimation of disease severity. We demonstrate a statistical association between mutation signatures of SARS-CoV-2 and severe outcome of COVID-19. The established analysis platform enables a real-time analysis of new viral genomes.
Mutations in GCR3, a Gene Involved in the Expression of Glycolytic Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Suppress the Temperature-Sensitive Growth of hpr1 Mutants
Authors: Uemura Hiroshi , Pandit Sunil , Jigami Yoshifumi , Sternglanz Rolf 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To study the functions of DNA topoisomerase I and Hpr1 protein, a suppressor mutant of the temperature-sensitive growth of an hpr1 top1-5ts double mutant was isolated. The isolated triple mutant showed cold-sensitive growth. By complementation of this phenotype, the suppressor gene was cloned. DNA sequencing showed it to be GCR3, a gene involved in the expression of glycolytic genes. Further analysis showed that gcr3 mutations also suppressed the temperature-sensitive growth of hpr1 single mutants. Experiments with gcr3 truncation mutants also suggested a genetic interaction between GCR3 and HPR1. The fact that top1 suppressed the growth defect of gcr3 suggested an interaction between those two genes also. Plasmid DNA isolated from gcr3 mutants was significantly more negatively supercoiled than normal, suggesting that Gcr3 protein, like topoisomerase I and Hpr1p, affects chromatin structure, perhaps during transcription.
Genetic Architecture of Autosome-Mediated Hybrid Male Sterility in Drosophila
Authors: Marín Ignacio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Several estimators have been developed for assesing the number of sterility factors in a chromosome based on the sizes of fertile and sterile introgressed fragments. Assuming that two factors are required for producing sterility, simulations show that one of these, twice the inverse of the relative size of the largest fertile fragment, provides good average approximations when as few as five fertile fragments are analyzed. The estimators have been used for deducing the number of factors from previous data on several pairs of species. A particular result contrasts with the authors' interpretations: instead of the high number of sterility factors suggested, only a few per autosome are estimated in both reciprocal crosses involving Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae. It has been possible to map these factors, between three and six per chromosome, in the autosomes 3 and 4 of these species. Out of 203 introgressions of different fragments or combinations of fragments, the outcome of at least 192 is explained by the mapped zones. These results suggest that autosome-mediated sterility in the male hybrids of these species is mediated by a few epistatic factors, similarly to X-mediated sterility in the hybrids of other Drosophila species.
Functional Domains of Fused, a Serine-Threonine Kinase Required for Signaling in Drosophila
Authors: Thérond Pascal , Alves Georges , Limbourg-Bouchon Bernadette , Tricoire Hervé , Guillemet Elizabeth , Brissard-Zahraoui Jeanine , Lamour-Isnard Claudie , Busson Denise 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
fused (fu) is a segment-polarity gene encoding a putative serine-threonine kinase. In a wild-type context, all fu mutations display the same set of phenotypes. Nevertheless, mutations of the Suppressor of fused [Su(fu)] gene define three classes of alleles (fu0, fuI, fuII). Here, we report the molecular analysis of known fu mutations and the generation of new alleles by in vitro mutagenesis. We show that the Fused (Fu) protein functions in vivo as a kinase. The N-terminal kinase and the extreme C-terminal domains are necessary for Fu+ activity while a central region appears to be dispensable. We observe a striking correlation between the molecular lesions of fu mutations and the phenotype displayed in their interaction with Su(fu). Indeed, fuI alleles which are suppressed by Su(fu) mutations are defined by inframe alterations of the N-terminal catalytic domain whereas the C-terminal domain is missing or altered in all fuII alleles. An unregulated FuII protein, which can be limited to the 80 N-terminal amino acids of the kinase domain, would be responsible for the neomorphic costal-2 phenotype displayed by the fuII-Su(fu) interaction. We propose that the Fu C-terminal domain can differentially regulate the Fu catalytic domain according to cell position in the parasegment.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Murine Growth
Authors: Cheverud James M , Routman Eric J , Duarte F A M , van Swinderen Bruno , Cothran Kilinyaa , Perel Christy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Body size is an archetypal quantitative trait with variation due to the segregation of many gene loci, each of relatively minor effect, and the environment. We examine the effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on age-specific body weights and growth in the F2 intercross of the LG/J and SM/J strains of inbred mice. Weekly weights (1-10 wk) and 75 microsatellite genotypes were obtained for 535 mice. Interval mapping was used to locate and measure the genotypic effects of QTLs on body weight and growth. QTL effects were detected on 16 of the 19 autosomes with several chromosomes carrying more than one QTL. The number of QTLs for age-specific weights varied from seven at 1 week to 17 at 10 wk. The QTLs were each of relatively minor, subequal effect. QTLs affecting early and late growth were generally distinct, mapping to different chromosomal locations indicating separate genetic and physiological systems for early and later murine growth.
Segregation and Recombination of Solanum brevidens Synteny Groups in Progeny of Somatic Hybrids With S. tuberosum: Intragenomic Equals or Exceeds Intergenomic Recombination
Authors: McGrath J Mitchell , Wielgus Susan M , Helgeson John P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Solanum brmidens genome (2n = 2x = 24) was examined with randomly applied polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in a second backcross population derived from a S. brevidens + S. tuberosum somatic hybrid. RAPD markers cosegregated into 12 different S. brevidens synteny groups. Most synteny groups were nonrecombinant. However, nearly 40% of the S. brevidens synteny groups detected in this population were recombinant deletions that carried at least one, but not all, synteny group-specific RAPD markers. All S. brevidens synteny groups (except chromosome 5) were involved in recombination, and recombination occurred within most intervals between markers. About 20% of the recombinant S. brevidens synteny groups involved a single synteny group-specific marker. The inheritance of some single-marker representatives was followed in four BC3 families. At least nine changes in S. brevidens synteny groups had occurred during backcrossing. Six of the nine changes involved translocation of S. brevidens markers between nonhomologous S. brevidens chromosomes, and three S. brevidens markers may have been introgressed into the potato genome.
Mediterranean Diet and Changes in Frequency, Severity, and Localization of Pain in Older Adults: The Seniors-ENRICA Cohorts
Authors: Ortolá Rosario , García-Esquinas Esther , Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Struijk Ellen A , Caballero Francisco Félix , Lopez-Garcia Esther , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Although some components of the Mediterranean diet have shown benefits in pain risk through its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties, no population-based studies have investigated the effect of adherence to this diet on changes in pain over time.

Methods
We used data from 864 and 862 older adults recruited in the Seniors-ENRICA-1 and Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohorts and followed-up for 2.8 and 2.4 years, respectively. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the MEDAS score at baseline. Frequency, severity, and locations of pain obtained at baseline and follow-up were used to compute a pain scale. Analyses were performed using multinomial logistic regression models, and adjusted for the main confounders.

Results
Participants had a mean (SD) age of 71.5 (5.1) years, 36.8% were men, and 78.3% had chronic conditions. In the pooled cohorts, compared with participants in the lowest quartile of the MEDAS score (lowest adherence to the Mediterranean diet), those in the highest quartile showed a higher frequency of pain improvement versus worsening (relative risk ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.43 [1.03, 1.99]). This association was also evidenced in 2 components of the pain scale: improvement in pain severity (1.43 [1.01, 2.04]) and reduction in pain locations (1.54 [1.08, 2.20]), but a tendency to pain frequency improvement (1.34 [0.92, 1.93]) was also observed. The main contributors to these associations were high consumption of fruit and vegetables, and low consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages.

Conclusions
A higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was related to a subsequent improvement in pain characteristics in older adults, suggesting that improving diet quality may help reduce the high health impact of pain.
Pharmacist contributions to patient care and medical conditions present among recipients of Ontario primary care team pharmacist-led medication reviews: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Rezahi Sara , Mathers Annalise , Benny Gerard Nichelle , Mak Kei Cheng , Dolovich Lisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Family Health Teams (FHTs) in Ontario, Canada are interdisciplinary primary healthcare practices where pharmacists engage in patient care including medication and chronic disease management.

Methods
Descriptive content analysis was used to examine qualitative responses of FHT pharmacists on their most significant contribution to a patient’s medication management.

Key findings
Common roles described included medication management (70.2%), counselling and education (15.5%), monitoring and optimization (11.3%) and administration (3.1%). Chronic conditions addressed were diabetes (39.0%), cardiovascular (22.0%), pain (17.0%) and mental health (11.0%).

Conclusions
While FHT pharmacists primarily view themselves as medication management experts, larger roles in counselling, education and chronic disease management are key contributions.
A Model for Random Braiding in Graph Configuration Spaces
Authors: Levin David A , Ramos Eric , Young Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe define and study a model of winding for non-colliding particles in finite trees. We prove that the asymptotic behavior of this statistic satisfies a central limiting theorem, analogous to similar results on winding of bounded particles in the plane [ 42]. We also propose certain natural open questions and conjectures, whose confirmation would provide new insights on configuration spaces of trees.
Relative bioavailability of organic bis-glycinate bound copper relative to inorganic copper sulfate in beef steers fed a high antagonist growing diet
Authors: Deters Erin L , VanDerWal Allison J , VanValin Katherine R , Hansen Stephanie L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To assess the relative bioavailability of bis-glycinate bound Cu, 90 Angus-cross steers (265 ± 21 kg) were blocked by body weight (BW) to pens with GrowSafe bunks and randomly assigned to dietary treatments (14 to 18 steers/treatment): 0 mg supplemental Cu/kg dry matter (DM; CON), 5 or 10 mg supplemental Cu/kg DM as Cu sulfate (CS5; CS10) or bis-glycinate bound Cu (GLY5; GLY10). Steers received a high antagonist growing diet (analyzed 4.9 mg Cu/kg DM, 0.48% S, and 5.3 mg Mo/kg DM). Steers were weighed at the beginning (days 1 and 0) and end (days 125 and 126) of the trial to determine average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F). Blood was collected from all steers on days 0, 28, 56, 84, and 126. Liver samples were collected on days −3 or −2 and day 123 or 124. Data were analyzed using ProcMixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; fixed effect = treatment and block). Plasma Cu was analyzed as repeated measures (repeated effect = day). Plasma and liver Cu concentrations were regressed against total Cu intake using ProcGLM to calculate relative bioavailability of GLY. Final BW and overall ADG were greatest for CS5 and CS10 and least for CON and GLY5 (P = 0.01). Overall, DMI was not affected by treatment (P = 0.14), but overall G:F tended to be greatest for CS5, CS10, and GLY5 and least for CON (P = 0.08). Total and supplemental Cu intake was greatest for steers supplemented either source at 10 mg Cu/kg DM and least for CON (P &lt; 0.01). However, total and supplemental Cu intake was greater for CS5 than GLY5 (P &lt; 0.01). Final liver Cu concentrations were greatest for CS10, least for CON, CS5, and CS10, and intermediate for GLY10 (P &lt; 0.01). Final plasma Cu was greatest for steers supplemented either source at 10 mg Cu/kg DM (P &lt; 0.01). Relative bioavailability of GLY was 82% compared to CS based on liver Cu (P &lt; 0.01) but did not differ based on plasma Cu (P = 0.60). The lesser bioavailability of GLY relative to CS could be due to a high concentration of dietary antagonists and lower solubility of GLY (68.9% relative to CS) in pH conditions (5.2) similar to the ruminal pH of a beef animal consuming a high concentrate diet. Future studies should examine the effects of bis-glycinate bound Cu fed in blended combination with inorganic Cu sulfate to determine the most effective blend of sources for feedlot cattle experiencing varying amounts of dietary Cu antagonists.
The Interplay Between ‘Peacetime’ Law and the Law of Armed Conflict: Consequences for Post-Conflict Peacebuilding
Authors: Fleck Dieter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Focussing on the interplay between rules of international law applicable in peacetime and rules applicable during armed conflicts, this contribution examines the impact on the jus post bellum. In this context certain specific legal obligations are discussed to answer the question whether and if so, how their application post-conflict may be affected by the peacebuilding process after the (former) armed conflict. Essential norms of the protection of victims during armed conflicts continue to be relevant for peace operations and post-conflict peacebuilding. This includes guiding principles and effective measures of control for operational detentions; law enforcement operations to secure the security and safety of peacekeepers; the protection of the environment and efforts to strengthen the role of States and international organizations as well as their accountability in post-conflict reconstruction. The author demonstrates that jus post bellum requires due diligence during military operations, responsible planning and precautions. He submits that post-conflict peacebuilding should be characterized by pragmatic limitation, conciliation and participation of the parties. This suggests certain deviations from peacetime principles and rules, deviations that may include certain limits of protection which will, however, be balanced out by the temporary nature of peacebuilding measures. While such interplay between the different branches of international law remains subject to changing situations, a few general principles are considered to be relevant for the jus post bellum. Even if codification remains difficult, further case-oriented research is encouraged to confirm general principles and rules of this important branch of international law.
Fabricating the past at Hammond Castle
Authors: Easton Martha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, wealthy art collectors in the United States amassed extraordinary collections of medieval and early Renaissance art, and, on occasion, unscrupulous dealers fulfilled the demand for such objects by passing off fakes as originals. The story of one such object is instructive in understanding the way that collectors pursued, purchased and displayed their finds. A sculptural bas-relief of the Virgin and Child at Hammond Castle in Gloucester, Massachusetts, was purchased as an authentic Italian Renaissance piece, but the revelation of its true provenance as a modern work by Alceo Dossena ultimately connected it to one of the most notorious cases of art forgery in the early twentieth century. This article discusses the case of Dossena and his artistic fabrications, but also reconsiders the role such objects could play in the creation of an authentic atmosphere – the goal of revivalist monuments like Hammond Castle.
A honokiol-enriched Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H. Wilson. bark extract possesses anxiolytic-like activity with neuroprotective effect through the modulation of CB1 receptor
Authors: Borgonetti Vittoria , Governa Paolo , Manetti Fabrizio , Miraldi Elisabetta , Biagi Marco , Galeotti Nicoletta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The exposure of neurons to an excessive excitatory stimulation induces the alteration of the normal neuronal function. Mood disorders are among the first signs of alterations in the central nervous system function. Magnolia officinalis bark extract has been extensively used in the traditional medicine systems of several countries, showing several pharmacological activities. Honokiol, the main constituent of M. officinalis, is a GABA modulator and a CB1 agonist, which is deeply investigated for its role in modulating mood disorders.

Methods
Thus, we evaluated the possible neuroprotective effect of a standardized M. officinalis bark extract (MOE), enriched in honokiol, and its effect on animal mood behavioural tests and in an in vitro model of excitotoxicity.

Key findings
MOE showed neuroprotective effect using SH-SY5Y cells, by normalizing brain-derived neurotrophic factor release. Then, we tested the effect of MOE in different behavioural tests evaluating anxiety and depression and we observed a selective anxiolytic-like effect. Finally, we confirmed the involvement of CB1 in the final effect of MOE by the co-administration of the CB1 antagonist, AM251.

Conclusion
These results suggest that MOE could be considered an effective and safe anxiolytic candidate with neuroprotective activity.
Warty (condylomatous) carcinoma of the back: a case report
Authors: Park Ilou , Koh Sung Hoon , Lee Hee Jeong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWarty carcinoma (WC), known as condylomatous carcinoma, generally derives from genito-urethral area. Its symbolic lesion is the exophytic and verruciform mass associated with human papillomavirus infection. A 90-year-old female presented with growing cauliflower-like mass in her back. A wide excision was performed for two masses. It was finally confirmed as WC throughout histopathological findings—arborescent papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis. The patient was an ordinary housewife and there was no recurrence and any postoperative complication 6 month after the surgery. Accordingly, careful physical examination and history-taking as well as wide-excision securing safety margin are essential, especially for senile patients.
Spinal cord monitoring using collateral network near-infrared spectroscopy during extended aortic arch surgery with a frozen elephant trunk
Authors: von Aspern Konstantin , Sgouropoulou Sophia , Davierwala Piroze , Borger Michael A , Etz Christian D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The true incidence of spinal cord injury associated with modern hybrid extended arch/descending aortic procedures utilizing a frozen elephant trunk (fET) remains unclear, and it is estimated with ~5–8%. Prolonged distal arrest without sufficient hypothermic protection as well as extended coverage of segmental arteries have been suggested to cause this complication, previously uncommon in open arch surgery. Recently, extensive clinical and experimental research led to the implementation of a new method of collateral network near-infrared spectroscopy (cnNIRS) to non-invasively monitor spinal cord oxygenation in the setting of extensive thoracoabdominal aortic repair. To date, limited experience with this method during arch procedures exists. Based on recent experiments regarding the optimal cnNIRS optode placement, we used this method for the first time during an fET procedure to document mid-thoracic paraspinous oxygenation levels.
The Musical Conductors’ Association: Collective Podium Power in Wartime Britain?
Authors: Palmer Fiona M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article examines the impetus, aspirations, membership, propaganda, and impact of the Musical Conductors’ Association, founded 10 March 1916. A collective effort to resist foreign invasion of British orchestral life, the MCA provides a lens through which artistic struggles in and out of wartime are brought into sharper focus. During the decades preceding the First World War the function, status, and value of the conductor’s role in Britain had evolved in the thrall of foreign exemplars. This evaluation of the MCA provides new perspectives on a protectionist agenda shared among conductors whose working conditions were diverse. An exploration of unionization within the wider music profession underlines the value placed in the formation of professional societies in this period. Fresh insights emerge in respect of individual and collective agency, networks, collective bargaining, and authority among British conductors who sought to identify themselves as a separate and powerful branch of the music profession.