bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-acquired pneumonia in children in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. What has changed?
Authors: Zaytseva Olga V. , Zaytseva Svetlana V. , Lokshina Evelina E. , Khaspekov Dmitriy V. , Tkachenko Nadezhda V. , Sholokhova Natalya A. , Kulikova Elena V. , Simonovskaya Khilda Yu. , Tomilova Anna Yu. , Barkinkhoev Adam T. , Belyaeva Tatyana Yu. 
Published: March 2021

During COVID-19 pandemic the issue of diagnosis and rational therapy of community-acquired pneumonia in children became acute. This is caused by difficulties in verification of the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in the outpatient department, peculiarities of interpretation of the respiratory system lesions. The article presents clinical cases of communityacquired pneumonia in children admitted to the pulmonology department of a pediatric hospital.Clinical case 1. 5-year-old child, medical history: acutely fell ill, on 28.11.20, had a sore throat and fever up to 39.0 C. Received Kagocel, Miramistin, Nurofen. PCR for COVID-19 on 08.12.20 was positive, on 18.12.2020, 22.12.2020, 20.01.2021 - negative. Immunoassay (ELISA) on 12.23.20: IgM - 4.47, IgG - 255.25. Lung and pleural cavity ultrasound: echo signs of sharply pronounced interstitial syndrome, massive fibrinothorax on both sides, indirect signs of bronchopleural fistulas; lung radiography: bilateral polysegmental pneumonia, bilateral hydrothorax, bilateral fibrinothorax, with no marked progression; CT scan with IV contrast: CT picture of hydrothorax on the left, hydropneumothorax on the right, pleurisy on both sides, compression atelectasis of lower lobe segments of both lungs. With no marked progression. Treatment. Thoracentesis; antibiotic therapy, antimycotics, infusion therapy, immunotherapy, partial parenteral nutrition. Against the background of the therapy, positive dynamics was obtained. Clinical examples are also given: an 8-year-old child with suspected new coronavirus infection and a 5-year-old child with bilateral polysegmental pneumonia.
Modern opportunities of interferons in treatment of children with COVID-19
Authors: Safina Asiya I. , Sharipova Olga V. , Lutfullin Ildus Ya. , Naumova Olga S. , Daminova Maria A. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. In 2020, most doctors were at the frontlines in the fight against the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). In the process of searching for effective etiotropic drugs, news came in that type I interferons had been successfully used for the treatment of COVID-19. Choosing the optimal COVID-19 treatment strategy is of pivotal importance for vulnerable populations such as children.Objective of the study. To show our own experience in providing medical care to children with COVID-19 and present the results of a comparative study of the efficacy and safety of interferon alfa-2b drugs combined with highly active antioxidants in the complex COVID-19 therapy in children.Materials and methods. A comparative study of the efficacy and safety of interferon alfa-2b drugs combined with highly active antioxidants in the complex COVID-19 therapy in children was conducted. The study included children with a laboratoryconfirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 aged 1 – 17 years (n = 85). In the treatment group (n = 45), children received interferon alfa-2b drugs such as VIFERON® rectal suppositories and VIFERON® gel for topical administration according to the dosage regimen and standard therapy. In the control group (n = 40), children only received standard therapy in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Russia.Results and discussion. 3,696 patients, including 3,507 children, received medical care in the City Children’s Hospital No. 1 in Kazan since April 2020. The share of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among admitted children was 21% (n = 736), of which 85 were enrolled in the study to assess the efficacy of complex therapy with interferon alpha-2b drugs combined with highly active antioxidants. The interferon alfa-2b therapy of COVID-19 children reduced the duration of the key clinical symptoms of the disease by 1.5-4 days and the virus elimination time by 6 days.Conclusions. The use of interferon alfa-2b VIFERON® rectal suppositories and VIFERON® gel for topical administration according to the dose regimen in combination with the standard therapy in COVID-19 children contributed to faster elimination of clinical symptoms of the disease and virus elimination compared to the standard therapy.
Use of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases: safety issues
Authors: Belov B. S. , Muravyeva N. V. , Tarasova G. M. , Baranova M. M. 
Published: March 2021

There has been clear progress in rheumatology in recent decades with the introduction of genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBDs) as well as targeted baseline anti-inflammatory drugs, which include Janus kinase inhibitors (i-JAKs). To date, i-JAKs have been actively used and studied in various immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRDs) – rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), as well as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and inflammatory bowel disease. In order to summarize the accumulated experience, the experts of the European League Against Rheumatism developed a consensus, which outlined the main principles and provisions concerning the rational use of i-JAKS in patients with IIRDs. At the same time, much attention is paid to the problem of the safety of these drugs. In the present article, issues related to various aspects of the safety of the use of i-JAKs in patients with IIRDs are discussed in detail, namely: dose adjustments due to drug interactions, contraindications, pre-screening, and risk assessment. Possible adverse events related to infectious complications, malignancies, thromboembolic phenomena, and gastrointestinal perforation were analyzed. The significance of clinical and laboratory monitoring in catamnestic follow-up of patients receiving i-JAKs is emphasized. A program for further research on the mentioned problem is presented. It includes studies of the efficacy and safety of «switching» between i-JAKs in patients with poor tolerance of a particular drug or who do not respond to treatment, evaluation of the effect of i-JAKs on comorbidities including cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, studies of the long-term safety of i-JAKs based on actual practice data, and of the effectiveness and safety of i-JAKs and GEBDs combination therapy in patients with severe RA or other conditions, etc. This consensus is designed to inform and target physicians seeking to achieve optimal use of these drugs in patients with IIRDs, as well as patients themselves and other interested parties, including facility administrators. The recommendations will undoubtedly be expanded and supplemented as new data accumulate.
Zgoda małżonków w procesie skróconym przed biskupem
Authors: Gałkowski Tomasz 
Published: March 2021

The study analyzes the answer of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts regarding the need to obtain the explicit consent of the other party as a sine qua non condition for the commencement of the Briefer Matrimonial Process before the Bishop. The author analyzes the rations for formulating the content of the answer, but also points to situations that impede obtaining such a consent. He points out that the actual grounds for the annulment of a marriage should prevail over the formal reason.
Obrzędy sakramentu małżeństwa w ujęciu wymogów Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 roku
Authors: Kilanowicz Ryszard 
Published: March 2021

The liturgy of the Church is an expression of his life with Christ, it uses natural signs such as: wine, water, light, fire, smoke, oil, salt, and ash. It is through Christ, that they are given new meaning. This meaning is to glorify God and sanctify man. The sacramental ordinances are determined by ecclesiastical law which follows the nature and life of the Church.
The ordinances of the Church, through the visible, direct us to the invisible. Behind what is visible there is no action or God's grace. These signs of God's presence are symbols, which St. Augustine calls the encounter between God and man in the world of signs and symbols, a Sacrament. The sacraments of the Church are graces given by God to man for his sanctification. In sacramental rites, the Church can change form, but never in essence and matter. The matter of the sacrament of marriage is between a woman and a man.
The rites of the sacrament of marriage, were announced in 1969, are used in Poland, however, it has been adapted to the new Code of Canon Law of 1983. Jesus instituted the sacrament of marriage. Marriage should be celebrated at Holy Mass and is characterized by unity and indissolubility. During the rites of the sacrament of marriage, the Church then asks what is the will of the person is for getting married. The couple then join their right hands and place the wedding rings on each other’s ring finger. The effects of the sacrament of marriage, which express the Rites of the Sacrament of Marriage, are: marriage community, grace and family. The liturgy with the sacrament of marriage speaks of the sanctity of marriage through the beauty of its celebration.
Body Mass Index and Waist Hip Ratio as a Risk Factor for Meningioma Incidence
Authors: Yuniarti Heny , Subagio Hertanto W. , Puruhita Niken , Murbawani Etisa A. , Nugrohowati Annta K. , Priambada Dody , Risdianto Ajid 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Meningioma is a pathological condition in the central nervous system
(CNS), while obesity is defined as excess fat accumulation in the body, which is associated with
adverse effects on health. Obesity is characterized by an increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI)
and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR). Research on the relationship of BMI, and WHR with meningioma
has been widely carried out in various countries of Europe, however, it has not been done much
in the Asian countries, especially in Indonesia.

Objective:
To prove BMI and WHR as risk factors for the incidence of meningioma after being
controlled by confounding variables of age and sex.

Methods:
This is a case-control research involving 44 meningioma patients and 44 family members
as controls. The study was conducted at the outpatient clinic at Kariadi Doctors Hospital
from May 2019 to June 2019. We collected data including age, sex, BMI, and WHR. Bivariate
analysis using the Chi-square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression was performed.

Results:
Bivariate test results showed a significant relationship between meningioma and BMI (p
< 0.001), WHR (p < 0.001), and sex (p < 0.001). Multivariate test results found that the variables
that influence the incidence of meningioma the most were BMI, WHR, and sex.

Conclusion:
Besides BMI, the increase of WHR and female sex are risk factors for meningioma
incidence.
Angiotensin II-Vasopressin Interactions in The Regulation of Cardiovascular Functions. Evidence for an Impaired Hormonal Sympathetic Reflex in Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Iovino Michele , Lisco Giuseppe , Giagulli Vito Angelo , Vanacore Aldo , Pesce Alberto , Guastamacchia Edoardo , De Pergola Giovanni , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Angiotensin II (ANG II) and vasopressin (VP) interact in several physiological
mechanisms, playing a role in arterial hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Aim and Methods of Search:
To overview the primary mechanism involved in the regulation of
cardiovascular function, PubMed/Medline was searched, and authors selected original articles and
reviews written in English.

Results:
Angiotensin II (ANG II) and vasopressin (VP) are involved in several physiological mechanisms.
ANG II stimulates VP release via angiotensin receptor 1. ANG II and VP stimulate aldosterone
synthesis and secretion and enhance its action at the renal collecting duct level. VP is also involved
in the cardiovascular reflex control of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Also, VP potentiates
vasoconstriction and cardiac contractility, enhancing the effect of ANG II on sympathetic
tone and arterial pressure. On the other hand, ANG II and VP act antagonistically in regulating
baroreflex control of the SNS. There is evidence that high VP plasma levels increase baroreflex
sympatho-inhibitory responses, and the arterial baroreflex response is shifted to lower pressure.
This cardiovascular reflex control is mediated mainly in the brain, specifically in the circumventricular
organ area postrema (AP). The modulation of cardiovascular reflex control induced by VP is
abolished after lesions of the AP. VP modulation of baroreflex function is also under the control of
α2-adrenergic pathway arising from the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and synapsing on VP-ergic
neurons of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Presynaptic α2-adrenergic stimulation within
the NTS inhibits VP release induced by hypovolemia and the effects of VP and AP on baroreflex
control of SNS, thus showing baroreceptor afferent inputs are processed within the NTS and contribute
to the increased baroreflex sympatho-inhibitory responses.

Discussion:
In patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), plasma VP levels are elevated, inducing
an up-regulation of aquaporin 2 water channel expression in renal collecting duct (CD) cells
provoking exaggerated water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Antagonists of VP and ANG
II receptors reduce edema, body weight, and dyspnea in CHF patients.

Conclusion:
Hormonal imbalance between ANG II, VP, and SNS may induce hypertension and impaired
water-electrolyte balance in cardiovascular diseases.
Test-retest Reliability of Physical Activity Behavior Questionnaire for Adults
Authors: Cho Min-Haeng 
Published: March 2021

Background:
There is a greater need than ever to assess daily physical activity more accurately and to monitor comprehensive trends in habitual physical activity to meet the physical activity recommendations of health organizations, such as the American Heart Association and the World Health Organization.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to design a physical activity behavior questionnaire that reflected health organizations’ physical activity recommendations and to assess the questionnaire’s test-retest reliability.

Methods:

By using a quota sampling technique, 200 participants were selected to participate in the first survey, and 117 of them completed the second survey. All respondents were participating in recreational programs provided by the community centers (senior center, residential culture center, lifetime academy, and sports center). Participants ranged in age from 20 to 88 years old (M = 51.83, SD = 21.70). The test-retest repeatability was assessed using Cohen’s kappa statistics.

Results:
The kappa score showed good agreement for all items (frequency, intensity, duration, and overall length) related to aerobic, muscular strength, and flexibility activity. The reliability coefficient showed good to high internal consistency throughout. The alpha statistics was 0.658 for questions on flexibility activity participation, 0.666 for questions on aerobic activity participation, and 0.935 for questions on muscular activity participation.

Conclusion:
This paper made an important methodological contribution to the assessment of physical activity by showing good test-retest reliability and internal consistency properties for the measurements of physical activity that reflect health organizations’ recommendations for different dimensions, types, and domains of physical activity.
An Agent-Based Model of the Local Spread of SARS-CoV-2: Modeling Study
Authors: Staffini Alessio , Svensson Akiko Kishi , Chung Ung-Il , Svensson Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Background
The spread of SARS-CoV-2, originating in Wuhan, China, was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The governments of affected countries have implemented various measures to limit the spread of the virus. The starting point of this paper is the different government approaches, in terms of promulgating new legislative regulations to limit the virus diffusion and to contain negative effects on the populations.

Objective
This paper aims to study how the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is linked to government policies and to analyze how different policies have produced different results on public health.

Methods
Considering the official data provided by 4 countries (Italy, Germany, Sweden, and Brazil) and from the measures implemented by each government, we built an agent-based model to study the effects that these measures will have over time on different variables such as the total number of COVID-19 cases, intensive care unit (ICU) bed occupancy rates, and recovery and case-fatality rates. The model we implemented provides the possibility of modifying some starting variables, and it was thus possible to study the effects that some policies (eg, keeping the national borders closed or increasing the ICU beds) would have had on the spread of the infection.

Results
The 4 considered countries have adopted different containment measures for COVID-19, and the forecasts provided by the model for the considered variables have given different results. Italy and Germany seem to be able to limit the spread of the infection and any eventual second wave, while Sweden and Brazil do not seem to have the situation under control. This situation is also reflected in the forecasts of pressure on the National Health Services, which see Sweden and Brazil with a high occupancy rate of ICU beds in the coming months, with a consequent high number of deaths.

Conclusions
In line with what we expected, the obtained results showed that the countries that have taken restrictive measures in terms of limiting the population mobility have managed more successfully than others to contain the spread of COVID-19. Moreover, the model demonstrated that herd immunity cannot be reached even in countries that have relied on a strategy without strict containment measures.
Arabic Version of the Electronic Health Literacy Scale in Arabic-Speaking Individuals in Sweden: Prospective Psychometric Evaluation Study
Authors: Wångdahl Josefin , Dahlberg Karuna , Jaensson Maria , Nilsson Ulrica 
Published: March 2021

Background
Health information is often communicated through the internet. It is vital for the end user to have a range of digital skills as well as understand the information to promote their health. There is a valid and reliable 8-item instrument, the Electronic Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS), that evaluates these skills. The number of Arabic-speaking people migrating to Sweden and to other parts of the world is increasing due to unstable military and political situations in their countries of origin. Poor health and limited health literacy have been described in this population in Sweden. Still, to our knowledge, an Arabic version of eHEALS has not been tested for validity or reliability. Thus, Arabic-speaking populations in Sweden cannot be included in studies measuring eHealth literacy, which does not support equal treatment in health care.

Objective
The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the original English eHEALS version into Arabic and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods
The eHEALS was rigorously translated, adapted, and evaluated for content validity. We conducted prospective psychometric evaluation with natively Arabic-speaking participants living in Sweden. Construct validity, factor structure, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were evaluated using Spearman correlation, principal component analysis, Cronbach α, and weighted quadratic Cohen κ, respectively.

Results
The study population consisted of Arabic-speaking participants (n=298; age: mean 41.8 years, SD 10.5). Construct validity was supported with weak and moderate correlations. Principal component factor analysis revealed a one-factor structure. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach α=0.92); test-retest reliability was acceptable (weighted quadratic Cohen κ=0.76). Evaluation indicated that eHealth literacy threshold values should be dichotomized (limited and sufficient) rather than trichotomized (inadequate, problematic, and sufficient).

Conclusions
The Arabic version of eHEALS, a unidimensional scale that is valid and reliable for measuring eHealth literacy among natively Arabic-speaking people in Sweden, was found to be acceptable and feasible in a general population.
Investigation and comparison of patient experiences with removable functional appliances:
Authors: Zybutz Tyrone , Drummond Robert , Lekic Milos , Brownlee Meredith 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare patients' experiences with the Invisalign Teen with Mandibular Advancement® (ITMA) and Twin Block (TB) appliances, both initially and after several months of wear.

Materials and Methods
Sixty-eight patients completed an anonymous survey after at least 2 months of wearing ITMA or TB. Forty-five patients treated with ITMA (18 boys, 27 girls, mean age 13.6 years, SD ± 1.54) and 23 patients treated with TB (13 boys, 10 girls, mean age 10.60 years, SD ± 1.92) were included.

Results
More patients using the TB found their appliance to be visually intimidating as compared with patients using the ITMA (21.7% vs 8.9%). TB was more noticeable than the ITMA (69.6% vs 25%). Appliance insertion was more difficult for TB patients (21.8% vs 4.44% for ITMA). After several months, there were more reports of tooth soreness and lip/cheek soreness in the ITMA group. TB patients were more embarrassed even after several months (14.3% vs 0% for ITMA). More TB patients required extra appointments for breakage (50% vs 22.2% for ITMA). Speech, drooling, and jaw and lip/cheek soreness worsened initially for both groups but improved over time. There were no differences between the groups regarding visible facial changes, satisfaction with treatment experience, or time to acclimatize to the appliance.

Conclusions
TB and ITMA patients shared similar experiences for most of the parameters measured, but there were significant differences between the groups regarding appliance wear and management, discomfort, and function.
‘Public Archaeology in 10 years? We will hopefully learn to share more, and better’
Authors: De Nardi Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Do we need a roadmap to the future? Or do we ‘wing it’, making it up as we go along? Big questions, but never more important than now, in this current time of uncertainty.Let’s start small, and refocus the question on our professional and scholarly area of interest and activities. While the future of the world of work certainly looks different – will robots do digging, recording and interpretation work in 2030?- I think that the key to prepare suitable strategies for going forward is to be clear about our purpose(s). For what, and for whom, are we and will we be doing research and knowledge sharing? With whom will we operate and work in our capacity as scholars, practitioners, teachers? Even asking why do archaeology may seem straightforward now, but it isn’t. At least, it shouldn’t be.
Notas de rodaje. Diálogos visuales entre las poéticas de Olvido García Valdés y Pier Paolo Pasolini
Authors: Calabrese Giuliana 
Published: March 2021

Las poéticas de Olvido García Valdés y de Pier Paolo Pasolini comparten rasgos comunes que derivan sobre todo de la elaboración de elementos visuales de la realidad: a partir de la inmersión del sujeto en entornos rurales o artísticos, los poemarios La religión de mi tiempo del italiano y Del ojo al hueso, que la poeta asturiana compone justo después de haber traducido al español el libro de Pasolini, presentan una poética visual común que permite adentrarse en un camino metafísico cuya única meta trascendente es la dimensión de soledad animal e histórica.