bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IR780‐Loaded Hyaluronic Acid@Gossypol–Fe(III)–EGCG Infinite Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Tumor Photothermal/Coordinated Dual Drugs Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Luo Siyuan , Wang Ya , Shen Shihong , Tang Peng , Liu Zeying , Zhang Shuai , Wu Daocheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA novel strategy called “two‐stage dual‐synergistic tumor therapy (TDTT),” which combines photothermal therapy with infinite coordination polymers (ICPs) chemotherapy at the first stage in the short term and two drugs of ICPs synergistic chemotherapy (coordinated dual drugs chemotherapy) at the second stage in the long term, is proposed. This strategy is achieved by preparing IR780‐loaded hyaluronic acid (HA) encapsulated gossypol–Fe(III)–epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) ICP nanoparticles (HA@IRGFE ICP NPs), which have IR780 inclusions, a natural gossypol, and EGCG coordinated with Fe3+ framework, and a HA shell. It is found that the HA@IRGFE ICP NPs’ diameter is 120.0 ± 39.5 nm and has tumor‐targeting ability and can be rapidly released in tumor environment. Their photothermal conversion efficiency is greatly improved to 47.8%, and the total combination index of TDTT is 0.38, which indicates an excellent synergistic therapy result. These HA@IRGFE ICP NPs show low toxicity with a high tolerated dose (30.0 mg kg−1), a high tumor inhibition rate of 98.7%, and a very low tumor recurrence rate over 60 days (12.5%) with TDTT strategy, indicating their great potential applications in the field of tumor therapy.
Emerging Homochiral Porous Materials for Enantiomer Separation
Authors: Lu Yizhihao , Zhang Huacheng , Zhu Yinlong , Marriott Philip J. , Wang Huanting 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEfficient resolution of racemates of chiral molecules is of great significance in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, fragrances, and food additives industries. Emerging homochiral porous materials such as metal–organic frameworks, covalent‐organic frameworks, porous‐organic cages, and metal‐organic cages with ultrahigh surface area, controllable pore chemistry and ample chiral recognition sites are promising for efficient chiral resolution, which display excellent properties for chiral separation applications. This review summarizes the design and synthesis strategies for the construction of homochiral porous materials, including direct synthesis, post‐synthesis, and chiral induction synthesis. Following this, applications of emerging homochiral porous materials, including enantioselective adsorption, chiral chromatography, and membrane‐based chiral separation are highlighted. Finally, the challenges in this area are discussed, with future perspectives provided.
Thin Functional Zeolite Layer Supported on Infrared Resonant Nano‐Antennas for the Detection of Benzene Traces
Authors: Nuñez Javier , Boersma Arjen , Grand Julien , Mintova Svetlana , Sciacca Beniamino 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInfrared absorption spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool that enables the identification of molecular species. The sensitivity of this technique, that is strongly limited by the small absorption cross‐section of molecular vibration, can be greatly improved by resonant interaction with nano‐antennas via the surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) mechanism. However, most of the examples of SEIRA concern solid‐state molecular layers adsorbed on the nano‐antennas, while the detection of gas traces still remains elusive due to the spatial extent of the near‐field that is used to amplify the molecular vibrations resonantly. Here, a hybrid system composed of a plasmonic nano‐antenna array coupled with nanosized zeolite coating for detection of volatile organic compounds in the near field of the resonators is demonstrated. The concerted action of the coating and the nano‐antennas enabled the authors to detect record traces of benzene (25 ppb) within 10 min. This approach may ultimately allow the fabrication of a compact system for rapid detection of pharmaceutical and biocompounds with high sensitivity and high selectivity.
Conversion of Waste Plastics into Value‐Added Carbonaceous Fuels under Mild Conditions
Authors: Jiao Xingchen , Zheng Kai , Hu Zexun , Zhu Shan , Sun Yongfu , Xie Yi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOwing to the extremely difficult breakage of the adamant cross‐linked structures, converting non‐recyclable plastic wastes into valuable fuels usually demands rigorous conditions, wherein the required high temperature and pressure is inevitably energy‐wasting and environment‐polluting. Given this aspect, herein, the recent achievements in the conversion of plastics into value‐added carbonaceous fuels under mild conditions are summarized. In detail, solar‐driven conversion of commercial plastics into liquid fuels in alkaline solutions or pure water at ambient temperature and pressure are surveyed; also, enzyme‐driven conversion of polyethylene terephthalate into terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol at a mild temperature are emphasized; and low‐temperature‐driven catalytic conversion of polyethylene into oils and waxes with the help of a light alkane are reviewed. Finally, other potentially used strategies and in situ characterization technologies in plastics degradation under moderate conditions are presented.
Emerging Materials and Methods toward Ammonia‐Based Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Chang Fei , Gao Wenbo , Guo Jianping , Chen Ping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEfficient storage and conversion of renewable energies is of critical importance to the sustainable growth of human society. With its distinguishing features of high hydrogen content, high energy density, facile storage/transportation, and zero‐carbon emission, ammonia has been recently considered as a promising energy carrier for long‐term and large‐scale energy storage. Under this scenario, the synthesis, storage, and utilization of ammonia are key components for the implementation of ammonia‐mediated energy system. Being different from fossil fuels, renewable energies normally have intermittent and variable nature, and thus pose demands on the improvement of existing technologies and simultaneously the development of alternative methods and materials for ammonia synthesis and storage. The energy release from ammonia in an efficient manner, on the other hand, is vital to achieve a sustainable energy supply and complete the nitrogen circle. Herein, recent advances in the thermal‐, electro‐, plasma‐, and photocatalytic ammonia synthesis, ammonia storage or separation, ammonia thermal/electrochemical decomposition and conversion are summarized with the emphasis on the latest developments of new methods and materials (catalysts, electrodes, and sorbents) for these processes. The challenges and potential solutions are discussed.
An analysis about analytical calculation of volume roots from cubic equations of state
Authors: Steffen Vilmar , da Silva Edson Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe calculation of volume roots from cubic equation of state, for given temperature and pressure, is still an important operation both in industry and academic field. It is proposed the use of Ferrari's formula to calculate the pressure range containing three real positive roots (for pressure and temperature below the critical). In addition, a modification in the Cardano‐Tartáglia's formula is proposed to provide the roots in the ascending order. For low values of reduced temperatures, it is proposed a simple and efficient approximation method to avoid the round‐off errors presented by Cardano‐Tartáglia's formula. It is also proposed a method for calculating the saturation pressure from cubic equations of state. Examples of the methods proposed are presented for the Van der Waals, Soave‐Redlich‐Kwong e Peng‐Robinson equations of state in order to show the quality and reliability of the methods proposed.
Venetoclax combinations induce high response rates in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy in routine practice
Authors: Apel Arie , Moshe Yakir , Ofran Yishai , Gural Alexander , Wolach Ofir , Ganzel Chezi , Canaani Jonathan , Zektser Miri , Duek Adrian , Stemer Galia , Hellman Ilana , Basood May , Frisch Avraham , Leibovitch Chiya , Koren‐Michowitz Maya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCombinations of the BCL‐2 inhibitor, venetoclax, with either hypomethylating agents (HMA) or low dose cytarabine (LDAC), have shown promising results in clinical trials of AML patients unfit for intensive therapy. We report on the efficacy and safety of venetoclax combinations in AML patients treated outside of clinical trials. Complete remission (CR) + CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) were achieved in 61% of patients, with similar CR+CRi rates in with secondary AML, and in patients who were previously treated with HMA (61% and 43%, respectively). Relapse occurred in 25% of patients, with a median event‐free survival (EFS) of 11.7 months (95% CI, 10.09–13.35) in responding patients. At a median follow up of 8.7 months, the median overall survival (OS) was 9.8 months (95% CI 6.42–13.3) in the entire cohort. In multivariate analysis adverse karyotype was the only negative predictor of CR/CRi (p = .03), while both ECOG performance status (PS) and adverse karyotype were significantly associated with shorter OS (p = .023 and .038, respectively). Median OS was higher in patients achieving CR/CRi and in patients proceeding to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT). Treatment was well tolerated, with side effects similar to those described in the randomized clinical trials. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) occurred in 12% of patients. Our data support the efficacy and safety of venetoclax combinations in newly diagnosed AML patients not eligible for intensive therapy. According to our data, secondary AML patients could benefit from venetoclax combinations similarly to de‐novo AML patients, and allo‐SCT could be offered to selected patients achieving CR/CRi.
Synthesis of Spiro[benzo[b]thiophene‐2(3H),1′‐cyclopropan]‐3‐ones via Domino Reaction Between Thioaurones and Sulfur Ylides
Authors: Dai Yayue , Di Jianhao , Hao Zeyang , Meng Xiangtai , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA Cs2CO3‐promoted domino reaction between thioaurones and sulfur ylides was developed. A series of spiro[benzo[b]thiophene‐2(3H),1′‐cyclopropan]‐3‐ones were obtained in good‐to‐high yields. The present domino strategy tolerated both electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups on both thioaurones and sulfur ylides. The reaction mechanism and the origin of the observed diastereoselectivity were investigated.
Oxidative [3+2] Annulation of Pyridinium Salts with gem‐Difluoroalkenes: Synthesis of 2‐Fluoroindolizines
Authors: Yang Li–Miao , Zhang You‐Ya , Deng Jing‐Tong , Ma Ai‐Jun , Zhang Xiang‐Zhi , Zhang Shu‐Yu , Peng Jin‐Bao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn oxidative [3+2] annulation of pyridinium salts with gem‐difluoroalkenes for the synthesis of highly substituted 2‐fluoroindolizines has been developed. Using DBU as base, a broad range of multisubstituted 2‐fluoroindolizines were prepared in good to excellent yields under mild conditions, and many useful functional groups can be tolerated.
Biosensing human blood clotting factor by dual probes: Evaluation by deep long short‐term memory networks in time series forecasting
Authors: Gopinath Subash C.B. , Ismail Zool Hilmi , Shapiai Mohd Ibrahim , Sobran Nur Maisarah Mohd 
Published: April 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence of things (AIoT) has become a potential tool for use in a wide range of fields, and its use is expanding in interdisciplinary sciences. On the other hand, in a clinical scenario, human blood‐clotting disease (Royal disease) detection has been considered an urgent issue that has to be solved. This study uses AIoT with deep long short‐term memory networks for biosensing application and analyzes the potent clinical target, human blood clotting factor IX, by its aptamer/antibody as the probe on the microscaled fingers and gaps of the interdigitated electrode. The earlier results by the current–volt measurements have shown the changes in the surface modification. The limit of detection (LOD) was noticed as 1 pM with the antibody as the probe, whereas the aptamer behaved better with the LOD at 100 fM. The time‐series predictions from the AIoT application supported the obtained results with the laboratory analyses using both probes. This application clearly supports the results obtained from the interdigitated electrode sensor as aptamer to be the better option for analyzing the blood clotting defects. The current study supports a great implementation of AIoT in sensing application and can be followed for other clinical biomarkers.
Durchstanztragverhalten stahlfaserverstärkter Flachdecken mit Durchstanzbewehrung
Authors: Landler Josef , Fischer Oliver 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDie DAfStb‐Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton“ bildet in Deutschland die normative Grundlage zur Durchstanzbemessung stahlfaserverstärkter Flachdecken. Mangels ausreichender Erkenntnisse wurde hierbei eine Kombination von Stahldrahtfasern und zusätzlicher Durchstanzbewehrung explizit ausgeschlossen. Während umfassende Untersuchungen an stahlfaserverstärkten Flachdecken ohne Durchstanzbewehrung vorliegen, sind den Autoren lediglich acht Versuche mit Durchstanzbewehrung bekannt. Diese wenigen Versuche verwendeten für Deutschland untypische Bewehrungsformen oder zeigten ein Biegeversagen, weshalb diese nur bedingt zutreffende Aussagen über das Tragverhalten erlauben. Aufgrund dieser Tatsache sowie der zu erwartenden günstigen Tragwirkung wurden zur Untersuchung des Tragverhaltens stahlfaserverstärkter Flachdecken mit Bügeln und Doppelkopfbolzen als Durchstanzbewehrung sieben Versuche durchgeführt. Das Versuchsprogramm umfasst neben einem faserverstärkten Versuch ohne Durchstanzbewehrung zwei faserfreie und vier faserverstärkte Versuche mit Durchstanzbewehrung. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die durchgeführten experimentellen Untersuchungen und diskutiert die gewonnenen Ergebnisse.
Response of TLD‐600/TLD‐700 and CR‐39 to neutrons for medical dosimetry
Authors: El‐Faramawy Nabil , Chopra Vibha , Rawash Shrouk , El‐Hafez Arafa Abd , Dhoble Sanjay J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, thermoluminescence detectors (TLD)‐600 and TLD‐700 were used under different conditions to study neutron dosimetry for its application in medical dosimetry as albedo dosimeters. 6LiF has a high cross‐section for neutrons and is more sensitive to neutrons than to gamma radiation. Conversely, TLD‐700 showed a better response to gamma radiation. Therefore, to obtain the response for neutrons, the responses for TLD‐600 and TLD‐700 were subtracted. A cadmium sheet was used to absorb incident thermal neutrons so that detector measured only backscattered neutrons from the albedo dosimeter. A Perspex sheet was used as a moderator to thermalize the fast neutron source Am‐Be used in the experiment. CR‐39 was used to detect fast neutrons and act as an albedo dosimeter when covered with a 10B disc. Both TLD and CR‐39 dosimeters were successful in detecting scattered neutrons in radiotherapy rooms.
An account of strategies and innovations for teaching chemistry during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Pilkington Lisa I. , Hanif Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to an abrupt suspension of face‐to‐face teaching activities in higher education institutions across the globe. The instructors and faculty at most institutions have had to adapt, invent, and implement adjustments quickly to adopt an online learning environment. This has been an extraordinarily challenging time for both students and instructors, particularly as many were not aware of the affordances and weaknesses of the online learning environment before it was uptaken. Particularly for chemistry and related disciplines, this change in delivery mode is even more disruptive in courses that have laboratory components due to loss of access to laboratories. As a teaching community, it was our responsibility to respond quickly and effectively to students' learning needs during this unprecedented global crisis. In our course, we provided succinct pre‐recorded lecture‐videos by topic rather than live‐streaming of lectures. The recordings were made available to students a minimum of 24 h before the scheduled lecture time. Students were then provided opportunities to attend live tutorial sessions (held on Zoom and live Q&A feature on Piazza) if they had any questions that they wanted to ask the lecturer directly. We believe that the asynchronous sessions were more equitable than synchronous ones. This meant that students with difficult and challenging home/learning environments (i.e., disruptions at home, work/family schedules, poor internet, limited access to devices, etc.) were minimally disadvantaged. The approach worked well in general for teaching chemistry to pharmacy students and we believe that it can be adopted for other subjects.
Splenic vein enlargement, a rare cause of nutcracker syndrome
Authors: Karami Mehdi , Kouhi Hossein , Sadatmadani Seyedeh Fatemeh , Sadeghi Bahar , Rostamiyan Narges , Hashemzadeh Mozhdeh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAbnormal enlargement of the splenic vein is one of the etiologies of nutcracker syndrome that should be considered when examining the causes of this syndrome. Because knowing rare etiologies can help correct diagnose and reduce mortality.
Anticancer Potential of Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase
Authors: Jaiswal Shivani , Ayyannan Senthil Raja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecently fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors have been in the limelight due to their anticancer potential. Both FAAH and MAGL are the endocannabinoid degrading enzymes that hydrolyze several endogenous ligands, mainly anandamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonic glycerol (2‐AG), which regulate various pathophysiological conditions in the body such as emotion, cognition, energy balance, pain sensation, neuroinflammation, and cancer cell proliferation. FAAH and MAGL inhibitors block the metabolism of AEA and 2‐AG, increase endogenous levels of fatty acid amides, and exert various therapeutic effects including chronic pain, metabolic disorders, psychoses, nausea and vomiting, depression, and anxiety disorders. FAAH and MAGL are primarily neurotherapeutic targets, but their contribution to various types of carcinomas are significant. Inhibitors of these enzymes either alone or as multitarget agents, or with supra‐additive effects show the potential effect in ovarian, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Besides highlighting the role of FAAH and MAGL in cancer progression, this review provides an update on the anticancer capabilities of known and newly discovered FAAH and MAGL inhibitors and also provides further directions to develop FAAH and MAGL inhibitors as new candidates for cancer therapy.
Trophic effects of multiple administration of mesenchymal stem cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Ramesh Sowmya , Daniel Dolly , Götherström Cecilia , Madhuri Vrisha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe safety of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta has been demonstrated previously. However, it is unknown how the trophic effects are mediated by stem cells. In the present commentary, we bring to the attention of readers the recent report by Infante et al in the journal of clinical and translational medicine. The TERCELOI clinical trial presented the possible paracrine effect of transplanted MSCs in vitro and in vivo using proteomics and transcriptomic analysis. This novel finding adds new knowledge in the field of regenerative medicine. However, the scarcity of solid evidence in growth warrants a more thorough discussion.
Racemic synephrine found in Citrus aurantium‐listing pre‐workout supplements suggests a non‐plant‐based origin
Authors: Koh Andy Hsien Wei , Chess‐Williams Russ , Lohning Anna Elizabeth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMulti‐ingredient pre‐workout supplements (MIPS) contain Citrus aurantium as a source of bioactive amines such as p‐synephrine, but concerns regarding the authenticity of ingredients in some supplements as well as adverse effects from consumption have been raised. R‐(−)‐Synephrine is the predominant enantiomer in Citrus aurantium extracts while synthetic preparations are often racemic. The aims of this study were to develop a screening method to determine the ratio of synephrine enantiomers in pre‐workout supplements listing Citrus aurantium and to assess the ingredient authenticity by directly comparing their ratios to that found in Citrus aurantium standardised reference materials (SRMs). Quantification of enantiomers in the supplements and SRMs was achieved using a validated, high‐performance liquid chromatography‐single quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC‐UV‐QDa) direct enantioseparation method with a cellobiohydrolase (CBH) column (100 × 4.0 mm, 5 μM) and UV detection at 225 nm. Citrus aurantium SRMs were found to have an average enantiomeric ratio of 94:6 (R:S) with total synephrine ranging from 5.7 to 90.2 mg/g. Within the pilot sample of pre‐workout supplements tested, only 42% (5/12) had enantiomeric ratios consistent with the SRMs with total synephrine ranging from 0.03 to 91.2 mg/g. For the remaining supplements, four had racemic ratios of synephrine (0.14 to 5.4 mg/g), two lacked any detectable levels of synephrine, and one had solely the S‐(+)‐enantiomer (0.15 mg/g). These results bring the authenticity of labelling of some pre‐workout supplements into question and highlight the need for more stringent labelling regulations and testing for dietary supplements.
Evaluating associations between fitspiration and thinspiration content on Instagram and disordered‐eating behaviors using ecological momentary assessment: A registered report
Authors: Christensen Kara A. , Forbush Kelsie T. , Cushing Christopher C. , Lejuez Carl W. , Fleming Kandace K. , Swinburne Romine Rebecca E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionGreater use of appearance‐focused social media, such as Instagram, is associated with increased body dissatisfaction and eating disorder (ED) symptoms; however, questions remain about the mechanism connecting social media use to disordered‐eating behaviors (DEBs). The proposed study evaluates how and for whom exposure to fitspiration or thinspiration on Instagram is associated with DEBs.MethodsWe will evaluate a hypothesized pathway from Instagram use to disordered‐eating mediated by negative affect. We will test how individual differences in internalized weight stigma, trait self‐esteem, and trait self‐comparison moderate the pathway from social media use to negative affect. We will recruit 175 undergraduate women who report engaging in DEBs on average at least once per week over the past 3 months. Participants will complete a 7‐day ecological momentary assessment protocol, during which they will report their Instagram use, affect, and engagement in DEBs.ResultsMulti‐level modeling will be used to assess moderated mediation. Results from this study will provide increased specificity about how Instagram usage is linked to eating pathology and who may be most vulnerable to experiencing distress.DiscussionInformation about negative affect from Instagram and engagement in DEBs could contribute to the development of Just‐In‐Time Interventions for problematic social media use.