bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GH and Senescence: A New Understanding of Adult GH Action
Authors: Chesnokova Vera , Melmed Shlomo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Replicative senescence occurs due to an inability to repair DNA damage and activation of p53/p21 and p16INK4 pathways. It is considered a preventive mechanism for arresting proliferation of DNA-damaged cells. Stably senescent cells are characterized by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which produces and secretes cytokines, chemokines, and/or matrix metalloproteinases depending on the cell type. SASP proteins may increase cell proliferation, facilitating conversion of premalignant to malignant tumor cells, triggering DNA damage, and altering the tissue microenvironment. Further, senescent cells accumulate with age, thereby aggravating age-related tissue damage. Here, we review a heretofore unappreciated role for growth hormone (GH) as a SASP component, acting in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. In senescent cells, GH is activated by DNA-damage-induced p53 and inhibits phosphorylation of DNA repair proteins ATM, Chk2, p53, and H2AX. Somatotroph adenomas containing abundant intracellular GH exhibit increased somatic copy number alterations, indicative of DNA damage, and are associated with induced p53/p21. As this pathway restrains proliferation of DNA-damaged cells, these mechanisms may underlie the senescent phenotype and benign nature of slowly proliferating pituitary somatotroph adenomas. In highly proliferative cells, such as colon epithelial cells, GH induced in response to DNA damage suppresses p53, thereby triggering senescent cell proliferation. As senescent cells harbor unrepaired DNA damage, GH may enable senescent cells to evade senescence and reenter the cell cycle, resulting in acquisition of harmful mutations. These mechanisms, at least in part, may underlie pro-aging effects of GH observed in animal models and in patients with chronically elevated GH levels.
Adult-Onset Focal Nesidioblastosis With Nodular Formation Mimicking Insulinoma
Authors: Doi Shunsuke , Yamada Takatsugu , Kito Yoshinori , Obara Shinsaku , Fujii Yusuke , Nishimura Takao , Kato Tatsushi , Nakayama Hiroyuki , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Okamura Ryuji 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nesidioblastosis is defined as the neoformation of the islets of Langerhans from the pancreatic ductal epithelium and is recognized as the most common cause of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in infants. We herein report an extremely rare case of adult-onset focal nesidioblastosis with the unusual feature of hyperplastic nodular formation. A 55-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for a tumor detected in the body of the pancreas by magnetic resonance imaging screening. Laboratory examinations showed a high insulin level in the blood. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and the selective arterial calcium injection test suggested the presence of multiple insulinomas in the body and tail of the pancreas, and, thus, the patient underwent distal pancreatectomy. A histopathological examination of the tumor in the body of the pancreas showed the nodular hyperplasia of islet-like cell clusters. In addition, many small intralobular ductules and islet cells appeared to be budding from the proliferating ductal epithelium, forming “ductuloinsular complexes”. No other abnormal lesion was detected in the remainder of the pancreas. The histopathological diagnosis was focal nesidioblastosis. The patient has remained free of the recurrence of hypoglycemic episodes for more than 31 months. The present case of rare adult-onset focal nesidioblastosis with hyperplastic nodular formation was preoperatively identified as an apparent pancreatic tumor mimicking insulinoma. Nesidioblastosis and insulinoma need to be considered in cases of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, even in adult patients.
Marker der Nachzeitigkeit im deutsch-italienischen Vergleich
Authors: Atayan Vahram 
Published: December 2021

The goal of this contribution is the analysis of selected expressions of immediate posteriority in German and Italian from a comparative and translation-related perspective. In the present study, which was carried out as part of a joint research project (Nachzeitigkeit in Sprachvergleich und Übersetzung i. e. ‘Expression of Posteriority in Language Comparison and Translation’) at Heidelberg University and the University of Jena, these linguistic expressions are analysed using manual annotations of abstract semantic and pragmatic features on authentic instances using various statistical methods. Occurrences of the adverbs gleich, sofort, immediatamente or subito in the Europarl and OpenSubtitles corpora, in original or translated text material, serve as a source for the analysis. Typical use contexts of the four adverbs will be identified on a language-specific basis, possible influences of the text types/corpus sources on the use of the adverbs will be determined. Moreover, the use contexts of the adverbs will be analysed cross-linguistically as to correspondences and differences between the two languages, and typical translation options for the individual adverbs will be investigated as a result of various influencing parameters. At a general methodological level, the study intends to test rich semantic and pragmatic annotations and their statistical evaluation as approaches to comparative linguistics and translation studies as far as onomasiologically and functionally defined phenomena are concerned.
Der Ausdruck von Aktionen im Deutschen und Italienischen
Authors: Gärtig-Bressan Anne-Kathrin 
Published: December 2021

The article considers contrastive linguistics as a discipline that interacts closely with its intralinguistic and applied neighbouring disciplines. Within this framework, the online ontology IMAGACT presents an instrument that allows to contrast how languages lexicalize concrete actions (movements, modification of objects, setting relations among objects, etc.) in their verbs.
German and Italian, the language pair considered here, differ typologically in their lexicalization strategies, which leads to difficulties in L2 acquisition, translation and lexicography. The article shows how the corpus-based IMAGACT database, which presents a set of 1010 actions in short films and links them to the appropriate verbs in 15 languages, provides help in these fields, and how it can at the same time empirically support contrastive-typological findings
Deutsches auch und italienisches anche im Vergleich
Authors: Moroni Manuela Caterina , Bidese Ermenegildo 
Published: December 2021

The focus of our contribution is the German particle auch ‘also’ and its Italian counterpart anche. From a semantic point of view, auch and anche convey the same additive meaning in both languages: through them an element, called ‘domain of association’, is added to a list of further elements for which the auch/anche phrase applies. From a syntactical point of view, auch and anche can occupy different positions in the sentence by modifying the type and the scope of the domain of association. This results in four basic usage patterns which are similar in both languages and correspond to just as many functions of auch/anche: (i) additivity, (ii) sentence connection, (iii) focus domain, and (iv) modality. Despite these common functions, auch and anche interact with the syntax and the information structure of the sentence in German and in Italian differently. Furthermore, they are used in conversation contexts, which are distinctive in both languages.
By starting from the current description of auch and anche in the literature, the first aim of our contribution is to provide evidence for the above-mentioned four basic functions despite their language-specific usage contexts. As a second aim, we want to validate our systematization through the analysis of spoken data for German and Italian, explaining why some functions are more likely to be found in the former than in the latter.
Communicating across educational boundaries: accommodation patterns in adolescents’ online interactions
Authors: Hilte Lisa , Daelemans Walter , Vandekerckhove Reinhild 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper studies linguistic accommodation patterns in a large corpus of private online conversations produced by Flemish secondary school students. We use Poisson models to examine whether the teenagers adjust their writing style depending on their interlocutor’s educational profile, while also taking into account the extent to which these adaptation patterns are influenced by the authors’ own educational background or by other aspects of their socio-demographic profiles. The corpus does reveal accommodation patterns, but the adjustments do not always mirror variation patterns related to educational profiles. While salient features like expressive markers seem to lead to pattern-matching, less salient features appear less prone to ‘adequate’ adjustment. Lack of familiarity with the online behavior of students from other educational tracks is a factor too, since online communication clearly proceeds primarily within ‘same-education’ networks. The focus on cross-educational communication is quite unique in this respect and highly relevant from a sociological perspective.
Evaluation of feedback modalities and preferences regarding feedback on decision-making in a pediatric emergency department
Authors: Graham Jessica M.K. , Ambroggio Lilliam , Leonard Jan E. , Ziniel Sonja I. , Grubenhoff Joseph A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To compare pediatric emergency clinicians’ attitudes toward three feedback modalities and assess clinicians’ case-based feedback preferences.

Methods
Electronic survey sent to pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians and fellows; general pediatricians; and advanced practice providers (APPs) with nine questions exploring effectiveness and emotional impact of three feedback modalities: case-based feedback, bounce-back notifications, and biannual performance reports. Additional questions used a four-point ordinal agreement response scale and assessed clinicians’ attitudes toward case review notification, case-based feedback preferences, and emotional support. Survey responses were compared by feedback modality using Pearson’s chi-squared.

Results
Of 165 eligible providers, 93 (56%) responded. Respondents agreed that case-based feedback was timely (81%), actionable (75%), prompted reflection on decision-making (92%), prompted research on current clinical practice (53%), and encouraged practice change (58%). Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) performance reports scored the lowest on all metrics except positive feedback. No more than 40% of providers indicated that any feedback modality provided emotional support. Regarding case-based feedback, 88% of respondents desired email notification before case review and 88% desired feedback after case review. Clinicians prefer receiving feedback from someone with similar or more experience/training. Clinicians receiving feedback desire succinctness, supporting evidence, consistency, and sensitive delivery.

Conclusions
Case-based feedback scored highest of the three modalities and is perceived to be the most likely to improve decision-making and promote practice change. Most providers did not perceive emotional support from any feedback modality. Emotional safety warrants purposeful attention in feedback delivery. Critical components of case-based feedback include succinctness, supporting evidence, consistency, and sensitive delivery.
Hybrid of differential quadrature and sub-gradients methods for solving the system of Eikonal equations
Authors: Meher Mehrollah , Rostamy Davood 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many important natural phenomena of wave propagations are modeled by Eikonal equations and a variety of new methods are needed to solve them. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is an effective numerical method for solving the system of differential equations that can achieve accurate numerical results using fewer grid points and therefore requires relatively little computational effort. In this paper, we focus on the implementation of the non-smooth Eikonal optimization by using a hybrid of polynomial differential quadrature (PDQ) or Fourier differential quadrature (FDQ) method and sub-gradients idea. Our goal is to develop a new Eikonal equation system design for wave propagation equations, as well as the efficiency and accuracy of new grid points to reduce errors and compare errors in various physical equation problems, especially wave propagation equations, and achieve their convergence. We explore the accuracy and stability of the Eikonal equation system by two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical examples and the use of three types of grid points in a comprehensive manner. This article aims to create a new and innovative solution to the non-smooth Eikonal equation system. This new method is much more efficient and effective than traditional numerical solution methods same as DQ.
Henry’s law constants (IUPAC Recommendations 2021)
Authors: Sander Rolf , Acree William E. , De Visscher Alex , Schwartz Stephen E. , Wallington Timothy J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Henry’s law states that the abundance of a volatile solute dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its abundance in the gas phase. It applies at equilibrium and in the limit of infinite dilution of the solute. For historical reasons, numerous different definitions, names, and symbols are used in the literature to express the proportionality coefficient, denoted the “Henry’s law constant”. Here, a consistent set of recommendations is presented. An important distinction is made between two new recommended reciprocal quantities: “Henry’s law solubility constant” (H
s) and “Henry’s law volatility constant” (H
v). Eight recommended variants of H
s and H
v are described and relations among them presented.
Proximal versus distant suffering in TV news discourses on COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Florea Silvia , Woelfel Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
News is central to human communication and has an important signifying power as a particular subsystem within language. This study sets out to comprehensively examine how four major TV global news providers – CNN, BBC, DW and RT – have covered the COVID-19 pandemic from outbreak to mid-crisis. We apply a multi-level content analysis approach that rests on theories of proximization and representation of distant suffering, following a computer-assisted analysis that aids in identifying concepts occurrence and the semantic relationship among the highly frequent clusters. We explore the news representation during 2020 of COVID-19 as proximal versus distant discourses of suffering, safety and compassion conceptualized in light of theories on distant suffering. A total number of 12 dataset reports consisting of 2,017,875 words were analyzed. The results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic news formulates a particular type of discourse on suffering that individualizes the sufferer, sets out the course of action and turns the fast-approaching pandemic into a global cause for action.
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: BOWMAN J. ROBERT 
Published: December 2021

Three cases of myasthenia gravis occurring in young children have been presented.
All infants and children having ptosis of the eyelids should be given the "prostigmin test."
Myasthenic symptoms and signs were evident at birth in Case I, and this is the first case of congenital myasthenia gravis to be reported in the medical literature.
A FURTHER STATEMENT ON FEDERAL AID FOR PEDIATRIC EDUCATION
Authors:   Committee for the Improvement of Child Health
Published: December 2021

The Executive Board and the Committee for the Improvement of Child Health have proposed this plan as a coordinated, nation-wide effort directed at the heart of the problem, the assurance of a steady and nationally distributed supply of qualified physicians, well trained in a field of great need. They have agreed that the Federal government is the only agency which can be expected to finance and administer a program nation-wide in scope. The plan provides adequate safeguards for the maintenance of complete academic freedom by the medical schools. A National Advisory Council of nine physicians would be in a strategic position to oversee the administration of the law. Acceptance of funds by schools, hospitals and individuals would be entirely voluntary.
There are no startling new avenues opened by this program. The Federal Government contributes 80% of the budget of one medical school, makes grants directly to medical schools for teaching purposes under the provisions of successfully operating programs, and contributes to a number of others through grants and fellowships for research. Among these are 13 pediatric departments which receive direct government grants of some sort. In addition, 27 schools are largely tax supported by funds from states and municipalities.
The principle of an individual receiving a specialized education, in return for which he gives certain years of service is as old as the United States Military and Naval Academies. It is in operation in medicine now in five states and through several foundation grants.
There are advantages to starting such a program in one field only. By doing so it becomes possible to study the problem through the actual operation of a plan which is restricted in cost and scope. If it proves unsatisfactory it can be abandoned without too great dislocation. If it is successful, there can be formulated a more comprehensive plan based on experience which has been gained.
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION
Authors: GESELL ARNOLD , AMATRUDA CATHERINE S. 
Published: December 2021

Chairman Gesell: Custom has it that the Chairman should launch the discussion with an introductory statement. I shall be brief because behavior problems are numerous enough. Besides we propose to divide this session into two parts. At the end of the first half, Dr. Amatruda, who has had an incomparably rich experience with all sorts of infants and children, will make a statement introducing the subject of developmental defects and deviations, Although we shall touch upon a wide variety of problems during the morning, we shall probably not wander very far from the central theme of growth and development.
All children, whether normal, subnormal, atypical, or superior are confronted with the universal problem of development—of growing up. The most serious behavior problems are those which interfere with optimal development, taking as a base line the natural growth potentials of the child. Many problems may seem serious and may be very troublesome, without greatly harming the child's fundamental welfare. The degree of troublesomeness often depends upon the attitude of the parents. This business of growing up applies to the parent as well as the child. She (or he!) may not take a mature grown-up attitude toward the child's conduct. The problem is thereby aggravated or even created. Change the attitude and the problem evaporates—disappears in thin air. In our discussion we shall have to reckon with the parent-child relationship as a clinical reality, as a bundle of symptoms which register the actual state of affairs. Problems cannot always be solved by direct frontal attack. They must be approached peripherally via the parents' psychology. The most magic cures which the pediatrician can effect in the field of behavior disorders may be achieved by altering the parents' philosophy.
Every parent has a philosophy of child care. It may not be formulated in words, but it expresses itself in actions, attitudes, in alibis, in questions, in misgivings, in protests. Even before the child is born the expectant mother may reveal her general outlook, and may profit from a hint or two by way of psychologic orientation to the tasks of parenthood which lie ahead. In fact, this Round Table might give brief consideration to the possibility of prenatal guidance in the primipara, assuming the aid and acquiescence of the obstetrician.
Blood Derivatives and Substitutes
Authors: PONCHER HENRY G. 
Published: December 2021

Since the advent of blood banking in the United States in 1937 vast advances in the preparation, storage and utilization of blood, blood derivatives and substitutes have occurred. The second World War provided additional stimulus for the investigation of the potentialities of these substances. It is therefore appropriate for the authors of this volume to summarize the accumulated knowledge concerning blood derivatives and substitutes as they have long been active in investigations in this field.
The volume is well organized and comprehensive in its scope. From a concise historic discussion the authors proceed to consider the fundamental chemistry and physiology of plasma.
Histopathology of the Ear, Nose and Throat
Authors: PROETZ ARTHUR W. 
Published: December 2021

Until the appearance of this volume a study of the histopathology of the ear, nose and throat was largely a matter of searching the library for incidental paragraphs in textbooks and current journals. This first comprehensive volume on the subject is complete and authentic.
While the subject at large may not concern the pediatrician, he will find the description of otitis media, nasal infections and tonsillitis of special interest, as well as a chapter on oral and pharyngeal pathological manifestations of constitutional disease.
FULMINATING MENINGOCOCCEMIA TREATED WITH CORTISONE; USE OF BLOOD EOSINOPHIL COUNT AS A GUIDE TO PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Authors: HODES HORACE L. , MOLOSHOK RALPH E. , MARKOWITZ MILTON 
Published: December 2021

The total blood eosinophil count has been studied as an indicator of the adequacy of the adrenocortical response to the stress of acute infection. Marked eosinopenia was found in seven children on the first or second day of acute meningococcal infection of mild or moderate severity and in 18 other patients with rubeola, pneumonia or diphtheria. During convalescence the number of eosinophils in the blood became normal. An eighth patient, who was admitted during the recovery stage of mild meningococcal infection, exhibited a normal count which decreased sharply after the administration of ACTH.
In three patients admitted with fulminating meningococcal infection, an initial eosinophil count of 75/cmm. was found in one and 130/cmm. in the other two. The eosinophil count response to the administration of ACTH did not return to normal until the third week in Case 2. These findings lend support to the belief that adrenal cortical function may be impaired in patients with overwhelming meningococcal infection.
Cortisone was employed in addition to usual forms of therapy in the treatment of three children with fulminating meningococcemia. One patient died shortly after admission and the other two patients survived. It is believed that cortisone was of value in these latter two cases and that one of these patients would have certainly succumbed without its use. Cortisone may prove to be of value in the treatment of fulminating meningococcal infection because it is much more potent in overcoming stress than previously employed adrenal extracts. It is suggested that the circulating eosinophil count may be of value as a guide in the prognosis and treatment of meningococcal infections.