bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive intraarticular platelet rich plasma injection for refractory temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome in comparison to arthrocentesis
Authors: Chandra Lokesh , Goyal Manoj , Srivastava Dhirendra 
Published: January 2021

Context:
Internal derangements of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with associated symptoms which do not respond to conservative therapies are refractory cases of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMD). Minimally invasive techniques like arthrocentesis and platelet rich plasma (PRP) injections are usually employed to improve TMJ symptoms and function in these cases.

Aims:
To compare PRP with arthrocentesis for evaluating the effectiveness of PRP in relieving symptoms of refractory TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome.

Setting and Design:
A clinical study was carried out on 52 patients of refractory Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome. The patients were divided in two groups that is Group A - test group and Group B -control Group.

Methods and Material:
Group A consisted of 26 patients who underwent intraarticular PRP injection in TMJ and Arthrocentesis of TMJ was done in 26 patients of Group B. TMJ pain, Maximium Interincisal opening and TMJ clicking were assessed among the group as well as between the groups over a period of 6 months.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Repeated Measure ANOVA was used to compare the parameters within the groups and T test was used for group comparison at 0.05 level of significance.

Result:
There was statistically significant difference in pain intensity improvement 1 ± 0.75 versus 3.17 ± 2.13, maximum interincisal opening 39.86 ± 2.86 versus 37.59 ± 4.03 and clicking 6 versus 16 between the PRP group and arthrocentesis group at P < 0.05.

Conclusions:
Intraarticular PRP injection for the management of refractory TMD is more effective than arthrocentesis in reducing symptoms and functional improvement.
Knowledge, attitude and perception of sex education among school going adolescents in urban area of Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Siva VK , Queen Nesan G Shiny Chrism , Jain Timsi 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Adolescence is a significant period of one's life, the students or children at this age should be taught about sex education in order to lead a healthy reproductive life, to prevent sexually transmitted disease and to avoid unwanted pregnancies.

Aims and Objectives:
To evaluate the current knowledge of school going adolescents on reproductive health and its association with their socio demographic profile and determining their behaviour and understanding of school sex education.

Methodology:
A cross sectional analysis was carried out in 2 private schools at Chennai among the students of 9th to 12th standard. A sample of 346 was taken and a structured questionnaire was used to evaluate. The data was analysed by SPSS software version 22. Chi square test was used (<0.05 is significant).

Results:
Out of 346, 44.2% were males and 55.8% were females. 85.9% of students from nuclear family responded True for the statement 'Male hormone is called as Testosterone'. Females had better knowledge on sex education than Males which was significant. XII standard students had better and positive attitude towards sex education than IX standard students. Only 5% responded to have sex-related information from Parents than others who responded friends, doctors and teachers.

Conclusion:
It is seen that among school going adolescents there is lack of knowledge and varied perceptions towards sex education. So, sex education should be implemented more efficiently in the developing countries and so it can lead to a healthy reproductive life and sexual health among the adolescents.
Burnout and its correlates among nursing staff of intensive care units at a tertiary care center
Authors: Kumar Amit , Sinha Archana , Varma Jagdish R. , Prabhakaran Anusha M , Phatak Ajay G. , Nimbalkar Somshekhar M. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Burnout syndrome has been widely reported in nursing staff. It is more pronounced in intensive care setting (up to 80%). This survey was designed to assess the prevalence of burnout and its correlates among critical care nurses.

Methods:
Anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all ICU nursing staff of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Questionnaire had 25 questions covering – demography, job characteristics, Visual Analogue Scale for stress, co-worker support, work–life balance, question for measuring burnout, job satisfaction, turnover intention, organizational commitment, for depression screening and psychosomatic symptoms. The burnout scale score was used to dichotomize into low burnout (<3) or high burnout (> = 3) group. These two groups were compared using Chi-square test, Fischer's exact test for categorical variables and independent t-test for continuous variables. Significant variables were entered in multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Out of 150 ICU nurses, 125 (83.3%) gave completely filled questionnaires which were evaluated. 47 (37.6%) participants reported experiencing high burnout. Binary logistic regression model revealed that lack of specialized ICU training (OR = 4.28, 95% CI: 1.62 to 11.34, P = 0.003), performing extra duty in last month (OR = 5.28, 95% CI: 1.90 to 14.67, P = 0.001), High physical symptoms in last 12 months (OR = 4.73, 95% CI: 1.56 to 14.36, P = 0.006) and mid-level experience (1–5 years) were significantly associated with burnout.

Conclusions:
Burnout is significantly prevalent (37.6%) among intensive care nurses. Specialized training and limiting work hours can help in mitigating this problem. High frequency of physical symptoms could be early indicators of burnout.
A clinical study on surgical causes of Hematuria
Authors: Newme Kewithinwangbo , Hajong Ranendra , Bhuyan Ratna Kanta 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Hematuria is a clinical sign and symptom that every individual would have a worst nightmare and invokes a physician to carefully evaluate possible causes of hematuria. It may be medical or surgical causes. A thorough examination is required to exact the primary pathology. As such, a study on hematuria in North east India is not sufficiently researched or published.

Material & methods:
Here we present an observational study in our institution on that very topic. A study was done purely on surgical causes of hematuria on symptomatic patients. It was done on the inpatient and outpatient basis in Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh during the period of 2016–2019. Total 43 patients were evaluated, who came with symptomatic hematuria.

Results:
Out of 43 cases of symptomatic hematuria, 34 were male and 9 were females patients. Carcinoma urinary bladder was the commonest cause of hematuria, followed by BPH, urolithiasis, carcinoma prostrate, carcinoma upper urinary tract, etc.

Conclusion:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia was found to be the most common benign cause and carcinoma bladder was the commonest malignant cause of hematuria.
Women's experiences and perception of symptomatic pelvis organ prolapse
Authors: Prateek Shashi , Mundhra Rajlaxmi , Bahadur Anupama , Kunwar Kiran , Jha Prerna , Chawla Latika 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) negatively affects the health of a woman in terms of physical, social and emotional wellbeing.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to elucidate the experience of living with prolapse and its impact on daily life.

Methods:
Women undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse were interviewed to evaluate their sociodemographic profile with subsequent impact on their daily life.

Results:
Among the 45 cases with POP, 80% belonged to rural areas. Mean age of study group was 53.68 years. Young age at marriage (mean age 17.31), early first child birth (mean age being 20.5 years) and increased parity (86.66% had parity 3 and above) with majority of children born at home under supervision of untrained dais (77.78%) could probably attribute to their prolapse. Approximately 51% thought that prolapse occurs as a result of hard manual work and 64% cases considered it non treatable. POP was associated with poor quality of life in terms of physical, social and sexual life. Decreased sexual frequency was seen in 86.67% cases. 50% cases reported bladder problems. Sense of incomplete evacuation was seen in nearly 35% and constipation was reported by 37%.

Conclusion:
Though there exists a social stigma associated with pelvic organ prolapse, this study showed that in majority, it was the woman herself who delayed medical help. Health care providers should take initiative in educating women regarding prolapse and to make them aware that it is a treatable condition which can improve their quality of life.
Potential cause affecting bone quality in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Hariri Mohammed T. , Al Goweiz Roaa , Aldhafery Bander , Alsadah Majed M. , Alkathim Ahmed S. , AlQassab Mohsen Z. , AlRammadan Abdullah H. , AlElaq Mahmoud A. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Osteoporosis (OP) is a silent systemic disease characterized by decrements in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microstructure. This study aimed to determine the status of bone quality as well as to investigate the relationship between the glycaemic; lipid; bone profiles; and the BMD.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted at KFHU, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia analysis of patients who underwent BMD testing between the periods of 2016 to 2018. Based on the T scores, patients were classified as follows: normal (>−1.0), osteopenic (−1.0 to −2.5), or osteoporotic (≤−2.5). Details about medical and demographic information as well as metabolic and bone profiles (fasting blood glucose [FBG], glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c], cholesterol [Chol], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides [TG], calcium [Ca], phosphorus [Ph], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], vitamin D 25OHD [Vit D]) were extracted from the medical records system.

Results:
Out of 4838 extracted profiles, there were 4196 females (85.1%). The mean glycaemic variables of patients showed an abnormal profile (FBG 118 ± 49 and HbA1c 6.6 ± 2). The mean T score showed that the majority of patients had either osteopenic (40%) or osteoporotic (24%) changed. Significant increase in mean HbA1c (7.6 ± 1.7) was obvious among the osteopenic patients when judged against the normal (7.5 ± 1.6; P < 0.033) and osteoporotic (7.4 ± 1.8; P < 0.037). Meanwhile, the mean serum ALP was significantly lower (81 ± 26) in the normal group than in the osteopenic (86 ± 33; P < 0.006) and osteoporotic groups (90 ± 40; P < 0.001). Finally, a linear, logistic regression analysis was found that Ca and ALP levels were significant predictors.

Conclusion:
This study finds that the main cause that affects bone quality in Saudi Arabia is diabetes mellitus and/or its related metabolic alteration. These results suggest that bone health is clinically significant and should be carefully assessed in diabetes patients.
Continued Outbreak of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi across Pakistan and Assessment of Knowledge and Practices among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Nizamuddin Summiya , Ching Carly , Kamal Rashid , Zaman Muhammad H. , Sultan Faisal 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTPakistan is experiencing the first known outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (resistant to third-generation cephalosporins). The outbreak originated in Hyderabad in 2016 and spread throughout the Sindh Province. Whereas focus has remained on Sindh, the burden of XDR typhoid in Punjab, the most populous province, and the rest of the country is understudied. Using laboratory data from Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre in Lahore (Punjab Province) and its network of more than 100 collection centers across the country, we determined the frequency of blood culture–confirmed XDR typhoid cases from 2017 to 2019. We observed an increase in XDR typhoid cases in Punjab, with the percent of ceftriaxone resistance among Salmonella Typhi cases increasing from no cases in 2017, to 30% in 2018, and to 50% in 2019, with children bearing the largest burden. We also observed spread of XDR typhoid to the two other provinces in Pakistan. To assess prevailing knowledge and practices on XDR typhoid, we surveyed 321 frontline healthcare workers. Survey results suggested that inappropriate diagnostic tests and antibiotic practices may lead to underdiagnosis of XDR typhoid cases, and potentially drive resistance development and spread. Of those surveyed, only 43.6% had heard of XDR typhoid. Currently, serological tests are more routinely used over blood culture tests even though blood culture is imperative for a definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever. We recommend stronger liaisons between healthcare providers and diagnostic laboratories, and increased promotion of typhoid vaccination among healthcare workers and the general population.
Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Population Attributable Fraction for Campylobacteriosis in a Nicaraguan Birth Cohort
Authors: St. Jean Denise T. , Herrera Roberto , Pérez Claudia , Gutiérrez Lester , Vielot Nadja A. , González Fredman , Reyes Yaoska , Toval-Ruiz Christian , Blandón Patricia , Kharabora Oksana , Bowman Natalie M. , Bucardo Filemón , Becker-Dreps Sylvia , Vilchez Samuel 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTCampylobacteriosis is an important contributor to the global burden of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). In Nicaragua, the burden, risk factors, and species diversity for infant campylobacteriosis are unknown. Between June 2017 and December 2018, we enrolled 444 infants from León, Nicaragua, in a population-based birth cohort, conducting weekly household AGE surveillance. First, we described clinical characteristics of symptomatic Campylobacter infections, and then compared clinical characteristics between Campylobacter jejuni/coli and non-jejuni/coli infections. Next, we conducted a nested case–control analysis to examine campylobacteriosis risk factors. Finally, we estimated the population attributable fraction of campylobacteriosis among infants experiencing AGE. Of 296 AGE episodes in the first year of life, Campylobacter was detected in 59 (20%), 39 were C. jejuni/coli, and 20 were non-jejuni/coli species, including the first report of Campylobacter vulpis infection in humans. Acute gastroenteritis symptoms associated with C. jejuni/coli lasted longer than those attributed to other Campylobacter species. In a conditional logistic regression model, chickens in the home (odds ratio [OR]: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.4–9.8), a prior AGE episode (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.4–7.8), and poverty (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.9) were independently associated with campylobacteriosis. Comparing 90 infants experiencing AGE with 90 healthy controls, 22.4% (95% CI: 11.2–32.1) of AGE episodes in the first year of life could be attributed to Campylobacter infection. Campylobacter infections contribute substantially to infant AGE in León, Nicaragua, with non-jejuni/coli species frequently detected. Reducing contact with poultry in the home and interventions to prevent all-cause AGE may reduce campylobacteriosis in this setting.
Effect of lead treatment on the stipe and leaflet anatomy of Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos (Pteridaceae: fern)
Authors: Bamigboye R.A. , Yusuf A.A. , Oloyede F.A. 
Published: January 2021

The effect of various concentrations of Lead on stipe and leaflet anatomy of Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos were investigated. Fernlets were transplanted into 5 kg pots of soil pre-treated with five different concentrations of Lead, adequately watered and arranged in a complete randomized design in the screen house. Pots with no Lead treatment served as control. At twelve weeks after planting, plants were carefully removed, washed and taken to the laboratory. Anatomical sections of leaflets and stipe of each of the treatments were carried out with a sledge microtome (10-15 μm). Microscopic observations of structures were made after staining the sections. In Pteris vittata, the thickness of the cuticle of the stipe increased with increasing Lead concentrations but the reverse of this was observed in Pityrogamma calomelanos. There was also significant reduction of epidermal and mesophyll cell area of both species with increasing Lead concentrations. It can be concluded from this study that P. vittata has a higher tolerance level to Lead than Pityrogramma calomelanos.
Key words: Anatomy, Cuticle thickness, Ferns, Lead, Pteridaceae.
Bioefficacy of some plants ethanolic extracts against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) infestation of stored maize grains
Authors: Negbenebor H.E. , Nura S. 
Published: January 2021

The experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of three plants ethanolic extracts against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) on stored maize grains (Zea mays). Five different ethanolic concentrations (0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L, 4.0 mg/L and 8.0 mg/L) were made from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens, Alstonia boonei and Tephrosia vogelii with 0.0 mg/L as the control (ethanol) and applied onto the maize grains by dipping. Theexperiment consists of six treatments (including control) and was laid in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Data were collected for adult mortality, number of eggs, larval development and percentage grain damage. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability level with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) used to separate the means that were significant. The result obtainedrevealed significant difference (P≤ 0.05) between the concentrations over the control in terms of toxicity, oviposition, induced adult mortality and progeny suppression. However, the extracts from Tephrosia vogelii are the most toxic and produced the best effect with LC of 4.85 mg/L at 24 hours of exposure and 1.94 mg/L at 48 50 hours of exposure. Similar result was found in terms of adult mortality and oviposition suppression. The effectof the extracts is concentration-dependent increase with increase in concentration. The percentage decrease in weight due to the weevil's infestation was found to be reduced with increase in concentrations. Thus, 8.0 mg/L of the ethanolic extracts of Tephrosia vogelii is recommended for biological control of Sitophilus zeamais against stored maize grains.
Key Words: Concentrations, Ethanolic Extracts, Maize, Weevil.
Evaluation of toxicity and response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to manganese chloride solution
Authors: Awolola T.M. , Areola J.O. , Aladesanmi T.T. , Arayombo B.E. 
Published: January 2021

This study investigated the acute toxicity and behavioural response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to manganese chloride (MnCl ) solution. One hundred (100) pieces of juvenile Clarias gariepinus were acclimatized 2 for 14 days in ten (10) plastic bowls containing 25 L of water each. The acute-toxicity of manganese chloride, LC and sub chronic exposure (28 days) were investigated. For sub-lethal exposure; fifty pieces of C. gariepinus 50 were divided into five groups of ten in bowls labelled (A to E). The fish in groups (A to D) were exposed to manganese chloride solutions at: 68.5, 137, 205.5 and 274 mg/L respectively while group G served as the control. On day 28, the exposed fish were sacrificed; blood, muscle, liver, and gills were collected for haematological and histological studies. The activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-Stransferase (GST) were determined using standard methods. The manganese concentrations in the liver, gills and muscle tissues were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The LC obtained 50 was 2.74 g/L. The mean water temperature showed that there was no significant variation at (p < 0.05) between the control and other groups. The results of growth parameters showed that fish exposed to 137 mg/L manganese concentration had better growth performance than those exposed to higher concentrations. The activities of SOD and GST in the liver of fish increased significantly (p < 0.05) as manganese concentration increases. The red blood cells concentrations decreases while white blood cells increases as the concentration of manganese increases respectively. The mean bioaccumulation of manganese in the organs of C. gariepinus followed the order of liver > gill > muscle. The histopathological study revealed alterations in the liver, gill and muscle tissues. This study concluded that manganese at concentration greater than 137 mg/L elicits adverse effect on C. gariepinus growth performance, haematology, histopathology as well as liver SOD and GST activities.
Key words: Behavioural response, Cat-fish, Juvenile, Manganese chloride, Toxicity
Antihypertensive effect of Harungana madagascariensis LAM. ex poir. On sodium fluoride-induced hypertension and Associated cardiorenal dysfunctions
Authors: Gbadamosi I.T. , Okolo N.A. , Oyagbemi A.A. , Ajibade T.O. , Omobowale T.O. 
Published: January 2021

Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are major causes of mortality globally. This study evaluated the antihypertensive effects of Harungana madagascariensis on sodium fluorideinduced hypertension. Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five groups (A-E). Group A (control), received normal food and water with no treatment; Groups B to E were exposed to 300 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF). In addition, Group C was treated with 10 mg/kg enalapril, while Groups D and E were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of H. madagascariensis extract, respectively. The result showed that there was a significant decrease in the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the rats treated with 200 mg/kg of H. madagascariensis compared with rats exposed to NaF alone. Also significant increase was observed in the activities of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the cardiac and renal tissues of rats treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of H. madagascariensis extract similar to enalapril, compared with rats exposed to NaF alone. However, serum nitric oxide (NO) decreased significantly in rats exposed to NaF alone compared with rats that received 200 mg/kg H. madagascariensis as treatment. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine increased significantly in rats exposed to NaF alone compared with rats that received 200 mg/kg H. madagascariensis as treatment. The histopathology of the cardiac tissue of the rat exposed to NaF alone showed mild hydropic and vacuolar degeneration of cardiomyocytes, while the renal tissue showed foci of markedly flattened tubular epithelial cells and congestion of interstitial blood vessels. The aforementioned lesions were ameliorated in rats treated with 200 mg/kg H. Madagascariensis. In conclusion, H. madagascariensis had potent antihypertensive effect in rats. The effect was probably mediated via the alleviation of oxidative stress in cardiac and renal tissues.
Key words: Harungana madagascariensis, Antioxidant activity, Oxidative Stress, Hypotensive effect, Sodium fluoride.