bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the cooling process on the mechanical properties and microstructural behavior of extruded AZ31 and AM50 Mg alloys
Authors: Kurtulus Enes , Sapmaz Irem , Karpat Fatih 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
During the extrusion of magnesium alloys, temperature change could have a significant effect on the outcome. When this effect is not considered, some commonly known defects might be observed, such as hot cracking. In this study, all samples consist of extruded AZ31 and AM50 magnesium alloys as a solid profile, but the methods by which they are cooled, such as air cooling and water quenching, vary. The effects of cooling methods on tensile-compression behavior and the microstructural properties of the samples were investigated. Test samples were obtained in extrusion direction and perpendicular to the extrusion direction separately for mechanical tests. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different cooling methods on the mechanical properties and microstructural behavior of AZ31 and AM50 magnesium alloys after extrusion, once different cooling methods were applied. According to the microstructural investigation results, an AM50 magnesium alloy has a finer grain structure as compared with an AZ31 alloy according to both cooling methods in the extrusion process. The average grain size values of both alloys were found to be higher for water cooling. Cooling methods have significant effects on the tensile properties of both alloys, depending on their extrusion directions.
Topologically protected optical signal processing using parity–time-symmetric oscillation quenching
Authors: Yu Sunkyu , Piao Xianji , Park Namkyoo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe concept of topology is universally observed in various physical objects when the objects can be described by geometric structures. Although a representative example is the knotted geometry of wavefunctions in reciprocal space for quantum Hall family and topological insulators, topological states have also been defined for other physical quantities, such as topologically distinct Fermi surfaces and enhanced lattice degrees of freedom in hyperbolic geometry. Here, we investigate a different class of topological states – topological geometry of dynamical state trajectories – in non-Hermitian and nonlinear optical dynamics, revealing topologically protected oscillation quenching mechanisms determined by parity–time (PT) symmetry. For coupled systems composed of nonlinear gain and loss elements, we classify the topology of equilibria separately for unbroken and broken PT symmetry, which result in distinct oscillation quenching mechanisms: amplitude death and oscillation death. We then show that these PT-symmetric quenching mechanisms lead to immunity against temporal perturbations, enabling the applications of topologically protected laser modulation and rectification. The observed connection between the topological geometry of dynamical states, oscillation quenching phenomena in dynamical systems theory, and PT symmetry provides a powerful toolkit for noise-immune signal processing.
Modeling of sorption kinetics of U(VI) micro-quantities nanostructured materials with anatase mesoporous structures
Authors: Zheleznov Veniamin , Golikov Aleksey , Sokolnitskaya Tatiana , Ivannikov Sergey 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The sorption kinetics of uranyl ions micro-quantities from fluoride solutions by nanostructured materials with anatase mesoporous structures has been studied. Using the model of competitive sorption of ions and positively charged complexes of uranyl ion on deprotonated hydroxyl groups of an anatase, kinetic curves of changes in the ratio of ionic forms of uranium in solution were calculated. Modeling was carried out under the assumption of a two-stage mechanism of uranium complex ions sorption. The modeling considered the influence of the uranyl ion carbonate complexes formation. The shift in equilibrium among ionic forms of uranyl correlates with the stability of the complexes in solution.
Vigor Encoding in the Ventral Pallidum
Authors: Lederman James , Lardeux Sylvie , Nicola Saleem M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ventral pallidum (VP) is the major downstream nucleus of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Both VP and NAc neurons are responsive to reward-predictive stimuli and are critical drivers of reward-seeking behavior. The cue-evoked excitations and inhibitions of NAc neurons predict the vigor (latency and speed) of the cue-elicited locomotor approach response and encode the animal’s proximity to the movement target, but do not encode more specific movement features such as turn direction. VP neurons also encode certain vigor parameters, but it remains unknown whether they also encode more specific movement features, and whether such encoding could account for vigor encoding. To address these questions, we recorded the firing of neurons in the VP of freely moving male rats performing a discriminative stimulus (DS) task. Similar to NAc neurons, VP neurons’ cue-evoked excitations were correlated with the speed of the upcoming approach movement and the animal’s proximity to the movement target at cue onset. Unlike NAc neurons, VP neurons’ firing reflected the efficiency of the approach movement path but not the latency to initiate locomotion. VP cue-evoked excitations are unlikely to be directly influenced by NAc cue-evoked excitations because unilateral treatment of the NAc with a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, a manipulation that reduces NAc neurons’ cue-evoked excitations, did not alter ipsilateral VP cue-evoked excitations. These observations suggest that the two structures receive simultaneous activation by inputs conveying similar but not identical information, and work in parallel to set the vigor of the behavioral response.
Cre Recombinase Driver Mice Reveal Lineage-Dependent and -Independent Expression of Brs3 in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Mogul Allison S. , Hadley Colleen K. , Province Haley S. , Pauli Jordan , Gavrilova Oksana , Xiao Cuiying , Palmiter Richard D. , Piñol Ramón A. , Reitman Marc L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS3) is an orphan receptor that regulates energy homeostasis. We comparedBrs3driver mice with constitutive or inducible Cre recombinase activity. The constitutive BRS3-Cre mice show a reporter signal (Cre-dependent tdTomato) in the adult brain because of lineage tracing in the dentate gyrus, striatal patches, and indusium griseum, in addition to sites previously identified in the inducible BRS3-Cre mice (including hypothalamic and amygdala subregions, and parabrachial nucleus). We detectedBrs3reporter expression in the dentate gyrus at day 23 but not at postnatal day 1 or 5 months of age. Hypothalamic sites expressed reporter at all three time points, and striatal patches expressedBrs3reporter at 1 day but not 5 months. Parabrachial nucleusBrs3neurons project to the preoptic area, hypothalamus, amygdala, and thalamus. Both Cre recombinase insertions reducedBrs3mRNA levels and BRS3 function, causing obesity phenotypes of different severity. These results demonstrate that driver mice should be characterized phenotypically and illustrate the need for knock-in strategies with less effect on the endogenous gene.
COMENTARIOS SOBRE LA PALINOLOGÍA DEL SITIO DE PACOPAMPA, PERÚ
Authors: Kautzz Robert R. 
Published: July 2021

Durante las discusiones que en noviembre de 1972 sostuvimos con la Dra. Rosa Fung Pineda, del Museo de Arqueología y Etnología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, muy gentilmente me ofreció muestras con polen del período Chavín, que ella anteriormente había extraído del sitio de Pacopampa, Perú. Los siguientes resultados de este análisis, si bien son desalentadores en cuanto a los particulares, hacen notar que científicos tan lúcidos como la Dra. Fung pueden, en un futuro cercano, resolver muchos de los interrogantes del paleoambiente que quieren estudiar al hombre prehistórico peruano dentro del medio ambiente en el cual se desenvolvió.
Paleoetnobotánica del sitio arqueológico de Qhenchapata, ayllu sucso Auccaylle (San Sebastián – Cuzco)
Authors: Fernández Palomino Mildred , Calero Flores Jorge A. , Chipana Serrano Chamely 
Published: July 2021

Este artículo aborda la paleoetnobotánica registrada en el sitio arqueológico de Qhenchapata, ubicado en el distrito de San Sebastián, departamento de Cusco, este sitio presenta evidencia de dos ocupaciones, ambas determinadas por incendios: el primero, al finalizar el Horizonte Tardío o Inca y el segundo, en el Periodo Colonial.
La evidencia paleoetnobotánica junto a la recabada en el proceso de excavación nos permitió determinar el uso de la arquitectura presente en Quenchapata.
Volunteering in Lithuania: Comparative, Dynamic and Value Perspective
Authors: Savicka Aida 
Published: July 2021

Although volunteering is not a new topic in social research, many questions about people’s motivation to engage in voluntary activities still remain open. The article analyzes the changing attitudes towards volunteering in contemporary society, the demographic profile of volunteers, their intrinsic motivation and the cultural value orientation that supports it. The main purpose of this article is to identify the impact of main sociodemographic and personal characteristics in people’s decision to volunteer. Data from European Values Surveys (1990, 1999, 2008, 2017) are used for this purpose.
The presented research data provide valuable insights into long-term trends in the development of volunteering in Lithuania, important socio-demographic determinants of volunteering and changing individual motivation to engage in volunteering. As the analysis reveales, although demographic factors – gender, age, education, occupational employment – are important, they only become meaningful when analyzed along with personal characteristics of respondents (such as life satisfaction, trust in people, belief that one is in control of own life) and their value orientations (such as caring, creativity, stimulation, and the pursuit of social justice). In other words, volunteers cannot be treated as a demographically homogeneous group. This means that in order to effectively mobilize people for a specific volunteering activity, it is necessary to take into account not only which socio-demographic groups are generally more likely to be involved, but also the values that are most important to them when planning volunteering strategies and communication. Understanding the determinants of volunteering can serve as a guideline for the development of volunteer-friendly public policies and for properly motivating people to become involved in volunteering, both at the level of the state and specific public organizations.
Seizure‐induced reversible MRI abnormalities in patients with single seizures: a systematic review
Authors: Mariajoseph Frederick P. , Muthusamy Subramanian , Amukotuwa Shalini , Seneviratne Udaya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective: Differentiating seizure‐induced reversible MRI abnormalities from MRI changes secondary to underlying cerebral pathologies can be challenging for clinicians in the investigation of seizures. The aim of this study was to delineate the characteristic features of reversible seizure‐induced MRI abnormalities.Methods: A systematic search of the databases Medline (1946‐2020), PubMed (1996‐2020), and Embase (1947‐2020) was performed in keeping with the Preferred Items Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All publications in English, including case reports, of single unprovoked seizure patients with seizure‐induced MRI abnormalities demonstrating complete resolution, were included. Two authors extracted data using a predefined template and evaluated the quality of the included studies. MRI data were additionally reviewed by a neuroradiologist. All data were synthesised qualitatively.Results: There were 11 publications altogether, yielding a total of 27 cases that were pertinent to our research question. Abnormalities were most commonly observed on T2‐weighted sequences. The most commonly observed constellations of MRI features (“composite pattern”) included the following: cortical or subcortical signal change with or without leptomeningeal enhancement, signal abnormality in the splenium of the corpus callosum, and hippocampal signal abnormality. Seizure‐induced reversible MRI abnormalities were observed as early as six hours from seizure onset and resolved completely as early as five days from seizure onset. A key limitation of this systematic review was the variability and incomplete reporting of clinical data, especially with regards to seizure semiology and MRI sequences performed, which may have limited our ability to make more definitive conclusions.Conclusions: Seizure‐induced reversible MRI changes may appear within hours of seizure onset and resolve within a variable time frame, ranging from days to weeks. Bilateral seizure‐induced reversible MRI abnormalities tend to be associated with generalised seizures while unilateral seizure‐induced reversible MRI abnormalities may be associated with focal seizures, usually ipsilateral to the seizure focus.
Cardioprotective effect of all-trans retinoic acid on cisplatin induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: EKMEKCİ Cenk , EKMEKCİ Sümeyye , YÜCEL Cem , ÇAKIR Ebru 
Published: July 2021

used in the treatment of various tumors. Retinoic acid has potent antioxidant effects. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on CP induced cardiotoxicity.
Materials and Methods: In the study, wistar albino rats were used. Control group received single daily doses of 1 ml/kg saline and ATRA group received single daily doses of ATRA(7,5mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 10 days. ATRA+CP group received a single dose of CP(7mg/kg) i.p. on the fourth day of the 10 days of ATRA (7,5mg/kg/day) i.p. treatment. The rats in the CP group received only a single dose of cisplatin(7mg/kg) i.p. given on the 4th of 10 days of treatment. After treatment, the groups were compared based on cardiac histopathology findings.
Results: Necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, congestion, hemorrhage and edema were more common in the CP group than the control group). Necrosis and cytoplasmic vacuolization in the all-trans retinoic acid + cisplatin group was observed statistically significantly less frequently than the CP group.
Conclusion: This study confirmed that cisplatin therapy had destructive effects on heart tissue, and showed that all-trans retinoic acid treatment could histopathologically prevent cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity.
Is obesity a problem that threatens oral health in adults?
Authors: YILMAZ Büşra , SOMAY Efsun 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Obesity is one of the increasingly negative factors affecting oral and dental health directly or indirectly in many developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between obesity and dental problems in adults and to investigate the effect of obesity on oral and dental health.
Materials and Methods: 200 patients over the age of 18 who applied with various dental complaints were examined clinically and radiologically. They were classified as 50 healthy females, 50 healthy males, 50 obese females, and 50 obese males according to the body mass index determined by the World Health Organization (healthy individual < 30.0 kg / m2 and 30.0 kg / m2 ≤ obesity individual). Sociodemographic characteristics, dental health status, and data of all patients were examined.
Results: A statistically significant relationship was found between obesity and the number of tooth loss, the number of dental caries, educational status, and the frequency of applying to the dentist. Periodontitis was detected at a higher rate in the obesity group (58 %) compared to the control group, but the relationship between obesity and periodontal status was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Dental problems such as tooth loss, the number of dental caries, and periodontitis were higher in the obesity group, and this result showed that obesity threatens oral and dental health. To prevent these problems, there is a need for preventive strategies and increasing awareness of oral and dental health in obese patients.
Clinical study of prevalence of malignancy in nodular thyroid swelling
Authors: Chittipotula Balaji , Patra Rajat Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Background: Large proportion of thyroid cancers arose from a pre-existing adenoma or from multinodular goiters. Surgical practice of removing thyroid nodule or multiple nodules of thyroid gland has been challenged for surgeons to prevent cancer. Aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule and multi-nodular goitre in relation to age and sex. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of malignancy in patients who underwent thyroidectomies.Methods: Study of 100 cases of nodular thyroid swelling has been done during the period from November 2017 to November 2019 on inpatients admitted to GEMS Hospital, Srikakulam, and Andhra Pradesh, India. Detail clinical examination, relevant investigations, surgical management and histopathological reports were collected and analyzed using software package for statistical analysis (SPSS 20).Results: Out of 100 patients with thyroid swellings, thyroid malignancies constitute 4%. The occurrence of thyroid cancer was maximum in the 4th decade of life. Female patients outnumbered males with a ratio of 4:0. Relative frequency of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule was 4.76% and in multi-nodular goitre was 3.03%. Most common histopathological type was papillary carcinoma thyroid (50%); followed by follicular carcinoma thyroid (25%) and medullary carcinoma (25%).Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid malignancy in the present study is at an earlier age group due to early diagnosis and treatment. The prevalence of thyroid cancer is higher in female when compared to those reported in the literature. The proportion of medullary cancer is more in present study.
FAKTOR KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI SEBUAH DESA KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Pratiwi Dessy Putri , Dewanti Linda , Husada Dominicus 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakLatar Belakang: Mayoritas kejadian stunting pada balita terjadi pada negara berkembang, salah satunya adalah Indonesia yang mencapai 29,6% pada tahun 2017. Pendidikan orang tua, pendapatan dan jumlah balita dalam keluarga menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari faktor kejadian stunting pada balita di sebuah desa Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 120 balita diambil dengan teknik sampling simple random sampling. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah pendidikan orang tua, jumlah balita, dan pendapatan keluarga. Variabel dependennya adalah stunting. Instrument yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Untuk mengetahui tingkat signifikasi, data yang terkumpul akan diuji dengan uji statistik spearman rho pada tingkat kemaknaan α=0,05. Hasil: Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwwa 35,8% orang tua responden berpendidikan terakhir SMA, 79,2% keluarga memiliki <2 balita dalam rumah, 84,2% keluarga termasuk pada pendapatan golongan menengah kebawah, dan 30,8% balita mengalami stunting. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan orang tua memiliki p value=0,489 (ayah) dan 0,926 (ibu), jumlah balita (p value= 0,246), dan pendapatan keluarga (p value=0,548). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, jumlah balita dalam keluarga merupakan faktor kejadian stunting di sebuah desa Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. AbstractBackground: The majority of stunting occurrences in children occur in developing countries, one of which is Indonesia which reached 29.6% in 2017. Parent education, income amount of children in family are risk factors for stunting. This study aims to study incidence factor of stunting at a village in Jawa Barat. Methods: This study is an observasional analytic research with cross-sectional approach. A total sample is 120 children was taken by simple random sampling technique. The independent variable in this research is parent education, amount of children, and family income, and the dependent variable is stunting. The measuring tool used in this research is the questionnaire. To determine a significant level, the collected data will be tested by spearman rho at significance level α=0,05. Results: The results of the study revealed that 35.8% of the respondents' parents were last high school, 79.2% of the families had <2 toddlers in the home, 84.2% of the families were included in the income of the middle to lower classes, and 30.8% of the children had stunting. The results of bivariate analysis showed that parent education had a p value = 0.489 (father) and 0.926 (mother), the number of children (p value = 0.246), and family income (p value = 0.548). Conclusion: In this study, the number of children in the family was a factor in the incidence of stunting in a Tasikmalaya Districts.
DETERMINAN PERILAKU DETEKSI DINI KANKER SERVIKS METODE INSPEKSI VISUAL ASAM ASETAT (IVA)
Authors: Pusparini Arum Dewi , Hardianto Gatut , Kurniasari Nila 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakLatar Belakang: Kanker serviks atau kanker leher rahim merupakan kanker pembunuh nomor dua di dunia. Pemerintah telah berupaya untuk mengatasi kanker serviks dengan metode inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA). Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi seseorang untuk melakukan IVA antara lain pengetahuan, sikap, budaya dan dukungan petugas kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan faktor yang mempengaruhi wanita usia subur (WUS) yang pernah melakukan pemeriksaan IVA dan belum pernah tes IVA. Metode: mengguanakan analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 108 wanita usia subur dengan teknik purposive sampling yang memnuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Untuk mengetahui tingkat signifikan, data yang terkumpul akan diuji statistik Chi-Square dan Fisher Exact Test pada tingkat kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil: faktor yang memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna antara wanita usia subur yang pernah melakukan dan belum pernah melakukan pemeriksaan IVA antara lain pengetahuan (p= 0,002), Budaya (p= 0,021), dukungan petugas kesehatan (p= 0,010). Sedangkan sikap (p= 1,000) tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna. Kesimpulan: perbedaan faktor yang mempengaruhi WUS yang pernah dan belum pernah tes IVA di wilayah puskesmas Sidotopo adalah pengetahuan, budaya dan dukungan petugas kesehatan. AbstractBackground: Cervical cancer is the second leading deathly woman disease in the world. The Indonesian government has been trying through visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA). There are some factors influencing women to undergo VIA such as knowledge, behaviour, culture and the support of medical workers. Thus, this research was aimed at finding significance differences among reproductive women undergoing and not undergoing. Method: This research employed Observational Analytic using cross sectional approach. The sample of this research was 108 women of reproductive age. Purposive sampling was employed as a technique which met inclusion and eksclusion criteria. To be able to find out the significance, the data collected was tested in the statistical test chi square of 0.05 significance level. Result: Factors like knowledge (p= 0,002), culture (p= 0,021), and support of medical workers (p= 0,010) showed significance difference among reproductive women undergoing and not undergoing VIA while behaviour (p= 1,000) showed no significance difference. Conclusion:the differences among reproductive women undergoing and not undergoingVIA in region of puskesmas Sidotopo was knowledge, culture and the support of medical workers.