bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using hospitalization data for injury surveillance in agriculture, forestry and fishing: a crosswalk between ICD10CM external cause of injury coding and The Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System
Authors: Scott Erika , Hirabayashi Liane , Graham Judy , Krupa Nicole , Jenkins Paul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
While statistics related to occupational injuries exist at state and national levels, there are notable difficulties with using these to understand non-fatal injuries trends in agriculture, forestry, and commercial fishing. This paper describes the development and testing of a crosswalk between ICD-10-CM external cause of injury codes (E-codes) for agriculture, forestry, and fishing (AFF) and the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System (OIICS). By using this crosswalk, researchers can efficiently process hospitalization data and quickly assemble relevant cases of AFF injuries useful for epidemiological tracking.

Methods
All 6810 ICD-10-CM E- codes were double-reviewed and tagged for AFF- relatedness. Those related to AFF were then coded into a crosswalk to OIICS. The crosswalk was tested on hospital data (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department) from New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont using SAS9.3. Injury records were characterized by type of event, source of injury, and by general demographics using descriptive epidemiology.

Results
Of the 6810 E-codes available in the ICD-10-CM scheme, 263 different E-codes were ultimately classified as 1 = true case, 2 = traumatic/acute and suspected AFF, or 3 = AFF and suspected traumatic/acute. The crosswalk mapping identified 9969 patient records either confirmed to be or suspected to be an AFF injury out of a total of 38,412,241 records in the datasets, combined. Of these, 963 were true cases of agricultural injury. The remaining 9006 were suspected AFF cases, where the E-code was not specific enough to assign certainty to the record’s work-relatedness. For the true agricultural cases, the most frequent combinations presented were contact with agricultural/garden equipment (301), non-roadway incident involving off-road vehicle (222), and struck by cow or other bovine (150). For suspected agricultural cases, the majority (68.2%) represent animal-related injuries.

Conclusions
The crosswalk provides a reproducible, low-cost, rapid means to identify and code AFF injuries from hospital data. The use of this crosswalk is best suited to identifying true agricultural cases; however, capturing suspected cases of agriculture, forestry, and fishing injury also provides valuable data.
Development of a conformal woven fabric antenna for wearable breast hyperthermia
Authors: Mukai Yusuke , Suh Minyoung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBreast hyperthermia is a non-invasive cancer treatment, where breast temperature is mildly elevated by a localized electromagnetic (EM) irradiation to deactivate and damage cancer cells. The emerging needs associated with this medical modality include the development of a highly wearable microwave applicator with a low power requirement to enable a more patient-friendly and continuous hyperthermia therapy. As a potential solution, we propose a textile antenna that consists of a copper-plated woven polyester fabric as a radiating patch and a ground plane and a woven polyester fabric as a dielectric substrate and a padding layer. The porous nature of these textile materials enables construction of a lightweight and flexible antenna with a low dielectric loss for a more comfortable hyperthermia treatment. By incorporating a synthetic breast tissue for a model study, the temperature rises were measured to be 3.3 °C and 1.9 °C at 5 mm and 15 mm depths, respectively, after 15 min of heating (input power of 1 W). This suggests that the textile-based approach could be an effective solution for comfortable and long-term applications of breast hyperthermia therapy.
In vitro validation of Digital Image Analysis Sequence (DIAS) for the assessment of the marginal fit of cement-retained implant-supported experimental crowns
Authors: Villias Aristeidis A. , Kourtis Stefanos G. , Karkazis Hercules C. , Polyzois Gregory L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The replica technique with its modifications (negative replica) has been used for the assessment of marginal fit (MF). However, identification of the boundaries between prosthesis, cement, and abutment is challenging. The recently developed Digital Image Analysis Sequence (DIAS) addresses this limitation. Although DIAS is applicable, its reliability has not yet been proven.
The purpose of this study was to verify the DIAS as an acceptable method for the quantitative assessment of MF at cemented crowns, by conducting statistical tests of agreement between different examiners.

Methods
One hundred fifty-one implant-supported experimental crowns were cemented. Equal negative replicas were produced from the assemblies. Each replica was sectioned in six parts, which were photographed under an optical microscope. From the 906 standardized digital photomicrographs (0.65 μm/pixel), 130 were randomly selected for analysis. DIAS included tracing the profile of the crown and the abutment and marking the margin definition points before cementation. Next, the traced and marked outlines were superimposed on each digital image, highlighting the components’ boundaries and enabling MF measurements.
One researcher ran the analysis twice and three others once, independently. Five groups of 130 measurements were formed. Intra- and interobserver reliability was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement was estimated with the standard error of measurement (SEM), the smallest detectable change at the 95% confidence level (SDC95%), and the Bland and Altman method of limits of agreement (LoA).

Results
Measured MF ranged between 22.83 and 286.58 pixels. Both the intra- and interobserver reliability were excellent, ICC = 1 at 95% confidence level. The intra- and interobserver SEM and SDC95% were less than 1 and 3 pixels, respectively. The Bland–Altman analysis presented graphically high level of agreement between the mean measurement of the first observer and each of the three other observers’ measurements. Differences between observers were normally distributed. In all three cases, the mean difference was less than 1 pixel and within ± 3 pixels LoA laid at least 95% of differences. T tests of the differences did not reveal any fixed bias (P > .05, not significant).

Conclusion
The DIAS is an objective and reliable method able to detect and quantify MF at ranges observed in clinical practice.
An unusual presentation of acute myocardial infarction in physiotherapy direct access: findings from a case report
Authors: Storari Lorenzo , Barbari Valerio , Brindisino Fabrizio , Testa Marco , Filippo Maselli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Shoulder pain (SP) may originate from both musculoskeletal and visceral conditions. Physiotherapists (PT) may encounter patients with life-threatening pathologies that mimic musculoskeletal pain such as Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). A trained PT should be able to distinguish between signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal or visceral origin aimed at performing proper medical referral.

Case presentation
A 46-y-old male with acute SP lasting from a week was diagnosed with right painful musculoskeletal shoulder syndrome, in two successive examinations by the emergency department physicians. However, after having experienced a shift of the pain on the left side, the patient presented to a PT. The PT recognized the signs and symptoms of visceral pain and referred him to the general practitioner, which identified a cardiac disease. The final diagnosis was acute myocardial infarction.

Conclusion
This case report highlights the importance of a thorough patient screening examination, especially for patients treated in an outpatient setting, which allow distinguishing between signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal from visceral diseases.
Making the case for the family model in in-patient child and adolescent mental healthcare
Authors: Cousins Lesley , Holmes Joanne 
Published: February 2021

SummaryWithin paediatrics, young children experiencing physical and emotional distress are admitted to hospital with their parents as a matter of course, recognising the trauma associated with parting children from their carers. Much of this practice is underpinned by our understanding of attachment theory, which also sits as a fundamental tenet of child psychiatry. Yet the culture in psychiatric in-patient hospitals remains to admit young children without their parents, often to units that are geographically distant from the family home. We argue that the practice of admitting lone children to psychiatric in-patient units is likely to be traumatising as well as less effective. We believe this culture requires challenge and change.
Development of severe psychological distress among low-income individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal study
Authors: Kikuchi Hiroyuki , Machida Masaki , Nakamura Itaru , Saito Reiko , Odagiri Yuko , Kojima Takako , Watanabe Hidehiro , Inoue Shigeru 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundIt has been indicated that the health impact of COVID-19 is potentially greater in individuals from lower socioeconomic status than in the overall population.AimsTo examine how the spread of COVID-19 has altered the general public's mental health, and whether such changes differ in relation to individual income.MethodAn online longitudinal survey was conducted at three different time periods during the pandemic. We recruited 1993 people aged 20–70 years, living in the Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan. Participants’ mental health was measured with the six-item version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; the existence of severe psychological distress was ascertained through the cut-off data. Multiple logistic and mixed-model ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed, with income as the independent variable.ResultsOf the participants, 985 were male, with a mean age of 50.5 (±15.8) years. Severe psychological distress percentages for each tested period were 9.3%, 11.2% and 10.7% for phases 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Between phases 1 and 2 or phases 2 and 3, the group that earned <£15 000 had significantly higher propensity to develop severe psychological distress than the group that earned ≥£45 000 (odds ratio 2.09, 95% CI 0.95–4.56 between phases 1 and 2; odds ratio 3.00, 95% CI 1.01–9.58 between phases 2 and 3).ConclusionsAlthough there has been significant deterioration in mental health among citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic, this was more significant among those with lower income. Therefore, mental health measures that focus on low socioeconomic groups may be necessary.
Protocol for process evaluation of integration of mental health into primary healthcare in two states in Nigeria: the mhSUN programme
Authors: Eaton Julian , Akande Yusuf , Onukogu Uchechi , Nwefoh Emeka , Sheikh Taiwo Lateef , Ekpe Ekpe Essien , Gureje Oye 
Published: February 2021

Background
Current international recommendations to address the large treatment gap for mental healthcare in low- and middle-income countries are to scale up integration of mental health into primary care. There are good outcome studies to support this, but less robust evidence for effectively carrying out integration and scale-up of such services, or for understanding how to address contextual issues that routinely arise.

Aims
This protocol is for a process evaluation of a programme called Mental Health Scale Up Nigeria. The study aims are to determine the extent to which the intervention was carried out according to the plans developed (fidelity), to examine the effect of postulated moderating factors and local context, and the perception of the programme by primary care staff and implementers.

Method
We use a theoretical framework for process evaluation based on the Medical Research Council's Guidelines on Process Evaluation. A Theory of Change workshop was carried out in programme development, to highlight relevant factors influencing the process, ensure good adaptation of global normative guidelines and gain buy-in from local stakeholders. We will use mixed methods to examine programme implementation and outcomes, and influence of moderating factors.

Results
Data sources will include the routine health information system, facility records (for staff, medication and infrastructure), log books of intervention activities, supervision records, patient questionnaires and qualitative interviews.

Conclusions
Evidence from this process evaluation will help guide implementers aiming to scale up mental health services in primary care in low- and middle-income countries.
Social functioning and emotion recognition in adults with triple X syndrome
Authors: Otter Maarten , Crins Peter M. L. , Campforts Bea C. M. , Stumpel Constance T. R. M. , van Amelsvoort Thérèse A. M. J. , Vingerhoets Claudia 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundTriple X syndrome (TXS) is caused by aneuploidy of the X chromosome and is associated with impaired social functioning in children; however, its effect on social functioning and emotion recognition in adults is poorly understood.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate social functioning and emotion recognition in adults with TXS.MethodThis cross-sectional cohort study was designed to compare social functioning and emotion recognition between adults with TXS (n= 34) and an age-matched control group (n= 31). Social functioning was assessed with the Adult Behavior Checklist and Social Responsiveness Scale for Adults. Emotion recognition was assessed with the Emotion Recognition Task in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Differences were analysed by Mann-WhitneyU-test.ResultsCompared with controls, women with TXS scored higher on the Adult Behavior Checklist, including the Withdrawn scale (P< 0.001, effect size 0.4) and Thought Problems scale (P< 0.001, effect size 0.4); and higher on the Social Responsiveness Scale for Adults, indicating impaired social functioning (P< 0.001, effect size 0.5). In addition, women with TXS performed worse on the Emotion Recognition Task, particularly with respect to recognising sadness (P< 0.005, effect size 0.4), fear (P< 0.01, effect size 0.4) and disgust (P< 0.02, effect size 0.3).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that adults with TXS have a higher prevalence of impaired social functioning and emotion recognition. These results highlight the relevance of sex chromosome aneuploidy as a potential model for studying disorders characterised by social impairments such as autism spectrum disorder, particularly among women.
Association of Parental Consanguinity With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zayed Ayman A , Amarin Justin Z , Al-Ani Abdallah T , Altell Tareq L , Abdelhamid Sultan S , Qirem Murad M , Fahmawi Suhib M , Elshebli Sanad M , Hamo Khair M , Zaghlol Louay Y , Tierney Michael E , Zayed Jana A , Haghighi Alireza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma. Uncommonly, PTC is associated with multiple genetic alterations and chromosomal abnormalities and displays familial patterns of inheritance. Parental consanguinity increases susceptibility to many genetic disorders.

Objective
This work aimed to investigate the association of parental consanguinity with PTC.

Methods
This case-control study of PTC patients compared with healthy controls took place in a tertiary referral hospital. We recruited 200 PTC patients who were managed at the endocrinology outpatient clinics of the Jordan University Hospital, and we recruited 515 healthy controls from a nonclinical setting. We interviewed all participants and collected sociodemographic data. We reviewed the family pedigrees of each participant four generations back and excluded any participant who was related. We established whether the parents of each participant were first cousins, first cousins once removed, second cousins, or unrelated. We then used binary logistic regression to assess the association of parental consanguinity with PTC adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, and parental education.

Results
We recruited 715 participants. The numbers of PTC patients and healthy controls were 200 (28.0%) and 515 (72.0%), respectively. The rate of parental consanguinity was 25.5% in PTC patients and 12.2% in healthy controls. Parental consanguinity was significantly associated with PTC (adjusted odds ratio, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.63-4.17; P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Parental consanguinity is a risk factor for PTC. Our findings should be considered during familial risk assessment and genetic counseling, especially in populations with high rates of consanguinity.
Mendelian Randomization Highlights the Causal Role of Normal Thyroid Function on Blood Lipid Profiles
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Guo Ping , Liu Lu , Zhang Yanan , Zeng Ping , Yuan Zhongshang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The association between thyroid function and dyslipidemia has been well documented in observational studies. However, observational studies are prone to confounding, making it difficult to conduct causal inference. We performed a 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4), and blood lipids. We chose the inverse variance–weighted (IVW) method for the main analysis, and consolidated results through various sensitivity analyses involving 6 different MR methods under different model specifications. We further conducted genetic correlation analysis and colocalization analysis to deeply reflect the causality. The IVW method showed per 1 SD increase in normal TSH was significantly associated with a 0.048 SD increase in total cholesterol (TC; P &lt; 0.001) and a 0.032 SD increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL; P = 0.021). A 1 SD increase in normal FT4 was significantly associated with a 0.056 SD decrease in TC (P = 0.014) and a 0.072 SD decrease in LDL (P = 0.009). Neither TSH nor FT4 showed causal associations with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. No significant causal effect of blood lipids on normal TSH or FT4 can be detected. All results were largely consistent when using several alternative MR methods, and were reconfirmed by both genetic correlation analysis and colocalization analysis. Our study suggested that, even within reference range, higher TSH or lower FT4 are causally associated with increased TC and LDL, whereas no reverse causal association can be found.
Craniofacial transitions: the role of EMT and MET during head development
Authors: Milmoe Natalie J. , Tucker Abigail S. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Within the developing head, tissues undergo cell-fate transitions to shape the forming structures. This starts with the neural crest, which undergoes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form, amongst other tissues, many of the skeletal tissues of the head. In the eye and ear, these neural crest cells then transform back into an epithelium, via mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), highlighting the flexibility of this population. Elsewhere in the head, the epithelium loses its integrity and transforms into mesenchyme. Here, we review these craniofacial transitions, looking at why they happen, the factors that trigger them, and the cell and molecular changes they involve. We also discuss the consequences of aberrant EMT and MET in the head.
THOC4 regulates energy homeostasis by stabilizing TFEB mRNA during prolonged starvation
Authors: Fujita Toshiharu , Kubo Sayaka , Shioda Tatsuya , Tokumura Ayaka , Minami Satoshi , Tsuchiya Megumi , Isaka Yoshitaka , Ogawa Hidesato , Hamasaki Maho , Yu Li , Yoshimori Tamotsu , Nakamura Shuhei 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
TFEB, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is a master regulator of autophagy, lysosome biogenesis and lipid catabolism. Compared to posttranslational regulation of TFEB, the regulation of TFEB mRNA stability remains relatively uncharacterized. In this study, we identified the mRNA-binding protein THOC4 as a novel regulator of TFEB. In mammalian cells, siRNA-mediated knockdown of THOC4 decreased the level of TFEB protein to a greater extent than other bHLH transcription factors. THOC4 bound to TFEB mRNA and stabilized it after transcription by maintaining poly(A) tail length. We further found that this mode of regulation was conserved in Caenorhabditiselegans and was essential for TFEB-mediated lipid breakdown, which becomes over-represented during prolonged starvation. Taken together, our findings reveal the presence of an additional layer of TFEB regulation by THOC4 and provide novel insights into the function of TFEB in mediating autophagy and lipid metabolism.
Neonatal low-density granulocytes internalize and kill bacteria but suppress monocyte function using extracellular DNA
Authors: Seman Brittany G. , Vance Jordan K. , Akers Stephen M. , Robinson Cory M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) are found abundantly in neonatal blood; however, there is limited mechanistic understanding of LDG interactions with bacteria and innate immune cells during acute infection. We aimed to determine how human neonatal LDGs may influence control of the bacterial burden at sites of infection, both individually and in the presence of mononuclear phagocytes. LDGs from human umbilical cord blood do phagocytose Escherichia coli O1:K1:H7 and traffic bacteria into acidic compartments. However, LDGs were significantly less efficient at bacterial uptake and killing compared to monocytes, and this activity was associated with a reduced inflammatory cytokine response. The presence of bacteria triggered the release of DNA (eDNA) from LDGs into the extracellular space that resembled neutrophil extracellular traps, but had limited anti-bacterial activity. Instead, eDNA significantly impaired monocyte control of bacteria during co-culture. These results suggest that LDG recruitment to sites of bacterial infection may compromise host protection in the neonate. Furthermore, our findings reveal novel insights into LDG activity during infection, clarify their inflammatory contributions relative to monocytes, and identify a novel LDG mechanism of immunosuppression.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The formin inhibitor SMIFH2 inhibits members of the myosin superfamily
Authors: Nishimura Yukako , Shi Shidong , Zhang Fang , Liu Rong , Takagi Yasuharu , Bershadsky Alexander D. , Viasnoff Virgile , Sellers James R. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The small molecular inhibitor of formin FH2 domains, SMIFH2, is widely used in cell biological studies. It inhibits formin-driven actin polymerization in vitro, but not polymerization of pure actin. It is active against several types of formin from different species. Here, we found that SMIFH2 inhibits retrograde flow of myosin 2 filaments and contraction of stress fibers. We further checked the effect of SMIFH2 on non-muscle myosin 2A and skeletal muscle myosin 2 in vitro, and found that SMIFH2 inhibits activity of myosin ATPase and the ability to translocate actin filaments in the gliding actin in vitro motility assay. Inhibition of non-muscle myosin 2A in vitro required a higher concentration of SMIFH2 compared with that needed to inhibit retrograde flow and stress fiber contraction in cells. We also found that SMIFH2 inhibits several other non-muscle myosin types, including bovine myosin 10, Drosophila myosin 7a and Drosophila myosin 5, more efficiently than it inhibits formins. These off-target inhibitions demand additional careful analysis in each case when solely SMIFH2 is used to probe formin functions.
This article has an associated First Person interview with Yukako Nishimura, joint first author of the paper.