bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Early Weaning on the Rumen Bacterial Diversity in Dairy Lambs
Authors: xiaohu su , Ma Ying , Zheng Zhong , Zhang Liguo , Dou Yingjie , Zhang Xiaoran , Bai Urhan , Su Guanghua , Li Guangpeng , Zhang Li 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe early weaning (EW) technology is an efficient method to improve the economic value of dairy ewes and satisfy the nutritional requirement of lambs which due to multiple fetuses or insufficient milk production of ewes. However, the affection of EW for rumen microflora is needed to evaluation because of the rumen microflora at early life would affect the health of host at whole life. In this study, the rumen microflora of dairy sheep with different EW time (D7, D15 and D25) were analyzed through 16s rDNA sequencing at D90. ResultsThe results showed that the application of EW did not affect the development of rumen. The species richness of the EW25 group was higher than EW7 and EW15 groups, while there was no significant difference in the abundance of microbial species between the CON and EW groups. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fibrobacteres, Spirochaetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most dominant phyla in all the samples. At tenricutes level, the relative abundance of EW7 group was significantly higher than other three groups (p<0.05). The spearman correlation coefficient analysis showed that pH was positively correlated with Rikenellaceae_RC9, Succiniclasticum, F082_unclassified, etc. (p<0.05), and negatively correlated with Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Succiniclasticum, Selenomonas, etc. (p<0.05). The content of MCP was positively correlated with CAG-352 and Ruminococcus_2 (p<0.05). The width of rumen papilla was negatively correlated with non-classifiable bacteria (p<0.05). The thickness of rumen muscle layer was positively correlated with Sharpea (p<0.05). ConclusionsIn summary, the EW of dairy lambs does not affect the development of rumen at early life. The rumen bacterial diversity showed some differences between different EW days of age but no obvious effect, which could be a reference for dairy lamb’s EW time selection.
Sterilisation of Wort from Sugarcane Molasses by Electron Beam for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Calegari Rubens Perez , Silva Eric Alberto , Gomes Marcelo Pêgo , Silva Ana Paula Maria , Mota Layna Amorim , Arthur Valter , Baptista Antonio Sampaio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The presence of microbial contamination in the wort during the fermentation process results in damages of billions of dollars per year all around the world and promotes the industry dependence of chemicals and antibiotics to control the contamination. For these reasons, this study aimed to use the electron beam to sterilise wort from sugarcane molasses and investigate its bioethanol fermentation. Five treatments (T0 – T4) were carried out using ionizing doses of radiation through the electron accelerator: (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 kGy) and a positive control (T5-steam by autoclave) were performed. It was evaluated total mesophiles, total bacteria, sugars, phenolics, flavonoids, 5-hidroximetylfurfural, and Furfural. After the irradiation process, it was conducted an alcoholic fermentation assay using baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was not observed inversion of sugars and formation of the inhibitory by-products flavonoids, furfural, and 5-hidroximetylfurfural, with exception of the phenolic compounds. Only T4 and T5 were able to sterilise the wort. However, T3 was able to eliminate > 99.99% of the microorganisms. In the fermentation T2 promoted the best ethanol yield and productivity among the irradiated treatments, evidencing the possibility of electron beam use in the wort treatment prior to fermentation which may allow a reduction in losses caused by microbial contamination, besides the possibility of promoting fermentation yield and productivity increase. The operation cost for applying the e-beam with a dose of 20 kGy in a standard ethanol plant was estimated at US$ 0.014 per m3 of wort.
International Study of 24-hour Movement Behaviors of Early Years (SUNRISE): A Pilot Study from Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Sorowar , Deeba Iztiba M. , Hasan Mahmudul , Kariippanon Katharina E. , Chong Kar Hau , Cross Penny L. , Ferdous Shameema , Okely Anthony D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background This pilot study aimed to: (i) determine the proportion of preschool children (ages 3-4 who met the WHO guidelines; (ii) examine the feasibility of the proposed protocol for the SUNRISE study; and (iii) assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on movement behaviors of preschool children in Bangladesh. MethodsTime spent in physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep were objectively measured using two types of accelerometers (ActiGraph wGT3x-BT and ActivPAL4). Screen time and sleep quality were assessed via parent questionnaire. Fine and gross motor skills were measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (3rdediction). Three executive functions were assessed using the Early Years Toolbox. Focus groups were conducted with parents and childcare staffs to determine the feasibility of the protocol. Follow up data during COVID-19 pandemic was collected from parents over phone. ResultsData from 63 preschool aged children and their parents was analysed in this pilot study. Only three children (4.7%) met the all components of the WHO guidelines. Separately, children meeting physical activity, sedentary screen time and sleep guidelines were 71.9% 17.5% and 59.7% respectively. The proportion of all children who were developmentally on-track for the gross and fine motor skills were 58.7% and 50.8%, respectively. Parents and educators reported that the protocol was feasible except for the activPAL-4 accelerometer. Approximately 39% of children (14 out of 37) who wore this device developed itchy skin and rashes resulting in the suspension of using this device mid-way through data collection. During COVID-19, there was a significant decrease in children’s total physical activity (-193 min/day), and time spent outside on weekdays (-75 min/day) and weekend days (-131 min/day) and a significant increase in sedentary screen time (+85 min/day).ConclusionOnly a low proportion of children met WHO guideline. Methods and devices (except ActivPAL4) used in this pilot study were proved to be feasible and therefore it has paved the way to conduct the main SUNRISE study in Bangladesh. Future measures should be taken to address the issue of movement behaviours of children during the time of pandemics like COVID-19.
Dual-wavelength switchable single-mode lasing from a lanthanide-doped resonator
Authors: Wu Yunkai , Chen Xian , Jin Limin , Ai Xiangzhe , Xiao Shumin , Yang Xiaoli , Song Qinghai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Multi-wavelength lasing, with dynamic switching functionality, high spectral purity and contrast, plays an essential role in photonic devices. Lanthanide(Ln3+)-doped upconversion nanocrystals(UCNCs) featured with plentiful energy levels act as ideal candidates for the gain medium. However, it remains a daunting challenge to develop a tunable Ln3+-based single-mode laser across a wide wavelength range due to the absence of an appropriate mode-selection mechanism. Here, we have demonstrated the first active control of unidirectional single-mode lasing with switchable wavelength spanning beyond a record range (~ 300 nm). This is accomplished through the integration of two size-mismatched coupled microdisks cavity and inversely designed dual-mode UCNCs incorporated with selective sensitizer-pair and activator ions. By asymmetric pumping, a reversible and crosstalk-free ultraviolet-to-red single-mode operation were formed respectively from such UCNCs-based system through changing the pumping wavelengths from 980 nm to 808 nm. The results enlighten the rational design of luminescent materials and microcavity. With remarkable doping flexibility, our approach would pave an avenue to a class of UCNCs-based photonic devices for on-chip optical filter, switch, sensor and other devices.
Children’s palliative care education and training: developing an education standard framework and audit
Authors: Neilson Susan , Randall Duncan , McNamara Katrina , Downing Julia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe need to align the range of guidance and competencies concerning children's palliative care and develop an education framework have been recommended by a UK All-Party Parliament Group and others. In response to these recommendations the need for a revised children’s palliative care competency framework was recognized. A Children’s Palliative Care Education and Training Action Group was formed across UK and Ireland in 2019 to take this work forward. Their aim was to agree core principles of practice in order to standardize children’s palliative care education and training.MethodsThe Action Group reviewed sources of evidence and guidance including palliative care competency documents and UK and Ireland quality and qualification frameworks. Expected levels of developing knowledge and skills were agreed and identified competencies mapped to each level. The mapping process led to the development of learning outcomes, local indicative programme content and assessment exemplars. Results Four sections depicting developing levels of knowledge and skills were identified: Public Health, Universal, Core, Specialist. Each level has four learning outcomes: Communicating effectively, Working with others in and across various settings, Identifying and managing symptoms, Sustaining self-care and supporting the well-being of others. An audit tool template was developed to facilitate quality assurance of programme delivery. The framework and audit tool repository is on the International Children’s Palliative Care Network website for ease of international access. ConclusionsThe framework has received interest at UK, Ireland and International launches. While there are education programmes in children’s palliative care this is the first international attempt to coordinate education, to address lay carer education and to include public health.
Jigless knotless internal brace versus other open Achilles tendon repair under progressive rehabilitation protocol: A biomechanical study
Authors: Ko Po-Yen , Hsu Chieh-Hsiang , Hong Chih-Kai , Hung Ming-Tung , Jou I-Ming , Su Wei-Ren , Wu Po-Ting , Su Fong-Chin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

The jigless knotless internal brace surgery (JKIB), a modified minimal invasive surgery (MIS) for acute Achilles tendon injury, showed the advantage of sural-nerve injury prevention in MIS and superficial wound infection in open surgery in previous clinical research. However, to date, biomechanical testing remains not yet validated.
Materials and methods

Sixty porcine fresh Achilles tendons were used to compare the JKIB with other open surgery techniques, the four-strand Krackow suture (4sK) and triple-buddle suture (TBS) in biomechanic testing with cyclic loading at 1 Hz. This approach simulated a progressive rehabilitation protocol where 20-100N was applied in the first 1000 cycles, followed by 20-190N in the second 1000 cycles, and then 20-369N in the third 1000 cycles. The cycles to the repair gap 2mm, 5mm and 10mm were recorded. The survival cycles was defined as repair gap achieving 10mm.
Results

With respect to survived cycles, a significant difference was found among the three groups, in which the TBS was the most robust, followed by the JKIB and the 4sK, with mean survived cycles were 2639.3 +/- 263.55, 2073.6 +/- 319.92 and 1425.25 +/- 268.96, respectively. Significant difference was defined via a post hoc analysis with the Mann–Whitney U test after the Bonferroni correction (p < 0.017).
Conclusions

The TBS was the strongest suture structure in acute Achilles tendon repair. However, the JKIB could be an option in acute Achilles tendon repair with the MIS technique due to it being more robust than the 4sK, which has been favored in open repair.
Reporter Gene-Based Optoacoustic Imaging of E. coli Targeted Colon Cancer In vivo
Authors: Yun Misun , You Sung-Hwan , Nguyen Vu Hong , Prakash Jaya , Glasl Sarah , Gujrati Vipul , Choy Hyon E. , Stiel Andre C. , Min Jung-Joon , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bacteria-mediated cancer-targeted therapy is a novel experimental strategy for the treatment of cancers. Bacteria can be engineered to overcome a major challenge of existing therapeutics by differentiating between malignant and healthy tissue. A prerequisite for further development and study of engineered bacteria is a suitable imaging concept which allows bacterial visualization in tissue and monitoring bacterial targeting and proliferation. Optoacoustics (OA) is an evolving technology allowing whole-tumor imaging and thereby direct observation of bacterial colonization in tumor regions. However, bacterial detection using OA is currently hampered by the lack of endogenous contrast or suitable transgene fluorescent labels. Here, we demonstrate improved visualization of cancer-targeting bacteria using OA imaging and E. coli engineered to express tyrosinase, which uses L-tyrosine as the substrate to produce the strong optoacoustic probe melanin in the tumor microenvironment. Tumors of animals injected with tyrosinase-expressing E. coli showed strong melanin signals, allowing to resolve bacterial growth in the tumor over time using multispectral OA tomography (MSOT). MSOT imaging of melanin accumulation in tumors was confirmed by melanin and E. coli staining. Our results demonstrate that using tyrosinase-expressing E. coli enables non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring of bacterial targeting and proliferation in cancer using MSOT.
Anaemia Among Men in Malaysia: Who Are the Most Affected?
Authors: Awaluddin S Maria , Shahein Nik Adilah , Rahim Norsyamlina Che Abdul , Zaki Nor Azian Mohd , Nasaruddin Nur Hamizah , Saminathan Thamil Arasu , Alias Nazirah , Ganapathy Shubash Shander , Ahmad Noor Ani 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the prevalence of anaemia and factors associated with anaemia among men in Malaysia. Data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 was utilized. Haemoglobin level for men aged 15 years and above who gave their consent was measured using HemoCue® Hb 201+ System©. Majority of them (87.2%) were men aged 15-59 years referring to the younger age group. The prevalence of anaemia among men was 12.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.9, 14.5). Prevalence was higher in the older men (30.7%; 95% CI: 26.6, 35.1) than the younger men (10.0%; 95% CI: 8.2, 12.2). The multivariable logistic regression observed that anaemia among men was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 3.1; 95% CI: 2.1, 4.4) and those with diabetes (aOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.1). Older men are more affected by anaemia than younger men. Anaemia among older men in Malaysia is considered at the level of moderate to severe public health significance and the likelihood of developing anaemia increases among older men with diabetes. These often-overlooked issues among men need to be detected and treated early to prevent complications and to improve their quality of life.
The Relationship Between Gross Motor Function,Manual Ability, and Cognitive Function With Quality of Life in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Rasafiani Mehdi , Nobakht zahra , soleimani farin , Akbarfahimi Nazila , Vameghi Roshanak 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common type of permanent movement and posturedisorder in childrenleading to contractures, deformities, and activity limitations. Quality of life is considered as an outcome variable to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for children with CP. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between quality of life and gross motor function,manual ability, and cognitivefunction inchildren with CP. Methods:200children with CP aged 4-12 years participated in this study through convenient sampling. Then, their quality of life, gross motor ability, hand function, and cognitive level were assessed using Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire (CPQOL), Gross Motor Function Classification System scale, Manual abilities Classification System Scales and SPARCLE (Study of Participation of Children with Cerebral Palsy Living in Europe) scale, respectively. Results: The results demonstrated that only the functional domain of the CPQOL was significantly correlated withthe manual ability and cognitive level in these children (P=0.001, P=0.001 respectively). Conclusions:A child with CP with poor performance has the potential to report a poorQOL. This needs more evidence for elaboration.
Pattern of Internet Use for Pregnancy-Related Information and Its Predictors Among Women Visiting Primary Healthcare in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Dahshan Ayman , Chehab Mohamad , Mohamed Ayatullah , Al-Kubaisi Noora , Selim Nagah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Internet usage has been steadily increasing and the available online information for pregnant ‎women today is immense.‎
Objective

This study aimed to investigate the pattern of internet use for pregnancy-related information and its ‎predictors among pregnant women visiting primary healthcare centers in Qatar‎.
Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the antenatal clinics of six primary healthcare centers in Qatar between June and December 2019. Pregnant women were recruited through a systematic random sampling technique. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used when appropriate. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was constructed to identify the predictors of internet use for pregnancy-related information.
Results

The study included 403 pregnant women. Most of them were in the 26–35 years age category, in the second trimester (55.5%), and had 1–2 children at home (51.5%). The internet was the most common source (81.1%) of pregnancy-related information. The access to online information was mainly through websites (67.3%), mobile applications (48.3%), and social media platforms (39.7%). The most frequently searched topics online were fetal development (74.3%), diet during pregnancy (53.6%), and management of health ‎problems (39.6%).‎ The multivariable regression model identified the age group 26–35 years (AOR: 4.87; 95% CI: 2.10, 11.27), Arabs (AOR: 4.10; 95% CI: 2.02, 8.32), tertiary education (AOR: 5.22; 95% CI: 1.77, 15.33), having 1–2 children (AOR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.45, 8.01), and being employed or a housewife as independent predictors of internet use for pregnancy-related information.
Conclusion

The internet was a commonly used source of health information among pregnant women in Qatar. Internet use was significantly associated with the age group of 26–35 years, Arabs, higher level of education, being employed or a housewife, and having up to two children.
miR-424 up-regulation inhibiting RF/6A cells function under high glucose condition via CCND1
Authors: Chen Yuan , Chen Hai-Ying , Wu Miao-Qin , Huang Zheng-Ru 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Retinal vascular dysfunction is an important factor to the progression of diabetic retinopathy(DR). Multiple abnormal microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction. However, the role and underlying mechanism of miR-424 in retinal vascular endothelial cells dysfunction under hyperglycemia stress remain obscure. Methods: Rhesus macaque choroid retinal endothelial cell line (RF/6A) cells were cultured under normal glucose (NG) and high glucose (HG) condition. qPCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression of miR-424 and Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and western blot was applied to detect the protein amount of CCND1. RF/6A cells were transfected with miR-424 mimics, miR-424 inhibitor, miR-424 inhibitor+ siRNA-CCND1 or with vehicle molecules. The cell proliferation, wound healing, tube formation ability and cell cycle were evaluated by MTT assay, scratch wound healing assay, tube formation assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Interaction between miR-424 and CCND1 was predicted with bioinformatics and confirmed by Dual Luciferase Reporter Analysis.Results: Compared with NG, miR-424 was up-regulated and cell phenotype such as proliferation, wound healing and tube formation were inhibited in HG. The phenotypes can be reversed by inverting miR-424 expression under different conditions. CCND1 was confirmed as one of target genes of miR-424 and it can be modulated at transcriptional or translation level. Manipulation of silencing CCND1 can reverse the influences, such as promotion in proliferation, scratch wound tube formation and cell cycle, induced by transfecting miR-424 inhibitor into RF/6A cells under HG. Conclusions: Overexpression of miR-424 in RF/6A cells under HG stress significantly inhibited the cell function such as cell proliferation, wound healing, tube formation through suppressing CCND1 and blocking cell cycle.
A New Modified Gant-Miwa-Thiersch Combined With Internal and External Rectal Sclerosant Injection Procedure for The Treatment of Full-Thickness Rectal Prolapse in Elderly Women
Authors: Wang Jinxi , Li Huiyu , Ma Xiaoming , Du Gang , Ma Jun , Ren Xiaojing , Zhang Fang , Dong Xiushan , Zhao Haoliang , Ren Chongren 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Full-thickness rectal prolapse (FTRP) occurs frequently in in elderly women, and more than 100 surgical procedures have been proposed to restore FTRP. The Gant-Miwa-Thiersch (GMT) procedure is the most used treatment in China. However, the recurrence rates of GMT that reach as high as 23.8% is concerning. We described a new modified GMT combined with internal and external rectal sclerosant injection (nmGMTSI) procedure to address this problem.Methods: The nmGMTSI was performed under spinal anesthesia in 34 frail, elderly female patients with FTRP. The surgical results of FTRP were assessed. Fecal incontinence and constipation were evaluated using the Wexner score, and anal canal rest pressure (ACRP), maximum anal systolic pressure (MASP), anorectal sensation thresholds (AST), and maximum rectal tolerance (MRT) using anorectal manometry preoperatively and postoperatively. The causes of recurrence and complications were analyzed.Results: All patients were cured in accordance with clinical cure standard. The perioperative Wexner fecal incontinence score (WFIS) was 10.3±3.31, which became 3.7±2.43 (P <0.0001) postoperatively. The perioperative ACRP was 2.0±0.56 kPa, which became 8.5±2.25 kPa (P <0.0001) postoperatively. The perioperative MASP was 4.5±1.16 kPa, which became 18.6±2.50 kPa (P <0.0001) postoperatively. However, there was no significant change between preoperative and postoperative Wexner constipation scores (WCS) (17.3±2.25 vs. 15.4±2.89, P =0.1047). The AST were 38.1±5.34 mL; after the operation, it became 23.5±3.61 mL (P =0.0002).The maximum rectal tolerance (MRT) was 157.1±16.73 mL; after the operation, it became 121.2±12.45 mL (P =0.0009). The patients had no serious postoperative complications. The total relapse rate after nmGMTSI was 2.9% in the median 2 years follow-up period. The most common cause of relapse after nmGMTSI was the removal of infected threads used in the Thiersch procedure.Conclusion: The benefits of nmGMTSI include low recurrence, complications, mortality, cost and wide adaptation, minimally invasive, technically simple. It should be considered as the first option for the treatment of FTRP in frail elderly women.