bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reference-quality, fully annotated genome from a Puerto Rican individual
Authors: Zimin Aleksey V , Shumate Alaina , Shinder Ida , Heinz Jakob , Puiu Daniela , Pertea Mihaela , Salzberg Steven L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Until 2019, the human genome was available in only one fully annotated version, GRCh38, which was the result of 18 years of continuous improvement and revision. Despite dramatic improvements in sequencing technology, no other genome was available as an annotated reference until 2019, when the genome of an Ashkenazi individual, Ash1, was released. In this study, we describe the assembly and annotation of a second individual genome, from a Puerto Rican individual whose DNA was collected as part of the Human Pangenome project. The new genome, called PR1, is the first true reference genome created from an individual of African descent. Due to recent improvements in both sequencing and assembly technology, and particularly to the use of the recently completed CHM13 human genome as a guide to assembly, PR1 is more complete and more contiguous than either GRCh38 or Ash1. Annotation revealed 37,755 genes (of which 19,999 are protein coding), including 12 additional gene copies that are present in PR1 and missing from CHM13. Fifty-seven genes have fewer copies in PR1 than in CHM13, 9 map only partially, and 3 genes (all noncoding) from CHM13 are entirely missing from PR1.
The Copyrightability of Opera Direction
Authors: Iaia Vincenzo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A judgment of the Italian Court of Cassation – No. 17565 of 18 June 2021 – offers an opportunity to investigate the legal protection options applicable to the direction of opera. As this issue is not addressed by EU law, EU Member States have adopted different approaches, from awarding copyright, to neighboring rights, to a mixture of the two. This opinion aims at finding the most consistent solution within the Italian legal framework. After an assessment of the alternative legal options, it argues that opera direction should be eligible for copyright protection via an analogical application of Art. 44 of the Italian copyright law, which indirectly includes cinematic direction within the area of copyrightable works. This conclusion is based on the fact that there are no substantial differences between the two types of direction justifying a diverse treatment. Otherwise, it would result in blatant and unsubstantiated discrimination because both categories of directors set out to convert a text – the dramatic text or the film script – to the medium of theatre or film respectively. Finally, this opinion suggests that even if the other creative roles involved in opera making are not addressed by the law, they too should qualify as co-authors if they make a creative contribution.
Cormorant predation mortality of perch (Perca fluviatilis) in coastal and archipelago areas, northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Heikinheimo Outi , Marjomäki Timo J , Olin Mikko , Rusanen Pekka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Perch (Perca fluviatilis) is an important prey species of the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in the coastal waters of the northern Baltic Sea. The annual predation mortality caused by cormorants was estimated based on the consumed numbers of perch in relation to the abundance of perch in vulnerable age groups in the sea. We used existing stock assessment data (Archipelago Sea) or a simple population model in other areas (Gulf of Finland, Bothnian Sea, and Quark), based on commercial and recreational perch catches, and estimated fishing and natural mortalities, with distributions describing our understanding about the likelihood of different values for every variable. The median predation mortality was 4–10% annually, depending on the sea area. The area-specific 80% likelihood limits ranged from 3 to 21% annually. Compared to a recent perch tagging study in the Quark, the cormorant-induced mortality estimates were considerably lower, but the likelihood distributions partly overlapped. The results were sensitive to the estimated number of vulnerable perch in the population, which in turn largely depends on the natural mortality in young perch age groups.
A Detection Assay to Identify Alternative Food Sources of the Two-Spotted Stink Bug, Bathycoelia distincta (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Fourie Arista , Venter Stephanus N , Slippers Bernard , Fourie Gerda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The two-spotted stink bug, Bathycoelia distincta Distant (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a serious pest in South African macadamia orchards. This pest is predominantly controlled using insecticides, thus alternative control methods are essential. The stink bugs arrive as adults in the orchards, during the early nut set season, but little is known about their alternative plant hosts before their arrival. The aim of this study was to develop a PCR-based metabarcoding assay to identify plant material in the gut of B. distincta. Thereafter, the persistence of plant DNA in the gut, after switching food sources, was determined by rearing the stink bugs on Zea mays L. (Cyperales: Poaceae), transferring them to Macadamia sp. and then collecting insects at different time points. As a proof of concept, the assay was tested on insects collected from commercial macadamia orchards to determine if it can identify alternative food sources. The chloroplast gene markers, trnL and trnF, were most successful for plant DNA amplification. The time trial suggested that plant material can be detected 24 h after switching to the alternate food source and one of the samples still contained Z. mays DNA after five days. Various plant species were detected from the orchard collected samples, including known food sources of other stink bugs, such as tea plants (Camellia sinensis L. (Ericales:Theaceae)) and sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L. (Asterales: Asteraceae)). This study provides the first indication of potential alternative food sources of B. distincta. The assay developed in this study can now be implemented for large-scale field surveys to contribute to future integrated pest management strategies.
Feasibility of combining oncology surgery with bariatric surgery; a two-patient case series of sleeve gastrectomy with cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC
Authors: Aburahmah Mohammad , Hijji Talal M , Saif Lama Tareq , Kalagi Dana , Azzam Ayman Zaki , Amin Tarek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Patients with an oncologic disease requiring cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy may also present with morbid obesity. In some patients, it may be possible to offer bariatric surgery such as sleeve gastrectomy in combination with their cancer resection to treat both diseases concurrently. Two such cases are described where sleeve gastrectomy was done alongside the primary oncologic surgery in the same procedure. Our patients had long-term follow-ups and their overall outcomes were favorable. They achieved remission and acceptable levels of weight loss over their several years of follow-up appointments. The added benefit of bariatric surgery may decrease long-term morbidity and mortality in carefully selected patients. More studies are indicated to fully understand the risks of benefits of this combined procedure in order to offer it on a wider scale.
Vitamin D receptor expression in SLE peripheral blood CD4+T cells is associated with disease activity and cell apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Niu Lingying , Wang Fan , Tang Xiaojun , Wang Chun , Zhu Yun 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterised by accumulated cell apoptosis. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has immunomodulatory effect and potent anti-apoptosis activities. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between CD4+T cells VDR expression, cell apoptosis, and disease activity in patients with SLE.

Methods
Forty-five SLE patients were recruited and 50 healthy individuals served as controls. The expression of VDR in CD4+T cells and their subsets were determined by flow cytometry. The correlations between VDR expression and cell apoptosis or disease parameters in SLE patients were analysed.

Results
VDR expression in CD4+T cells and their subsets were upregulated in SLE patients, especially in help T (Th)1, regulatory T (Treg), and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. Frequency of VDR-positive CD4+T cells was positively associated with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI)-2K values and inversely correlated with serum C3 concentration. The frequency of VDR-positive CD4+T cells, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, Treg cells, and Tfh cells was positively correlated with cells apoptosis.

Conclusion
VDR expression in CD4+T cells and their subsets were increased in SLE. VDR expression was positively associated with disease activity and cell apoptosis in SLE patients.
Relationship between locomotive syndrome and frailty in rheumatoid arthritis patients by locomotive syndrome stage
Authors: Sobue Yasumori , Suzuki Mochihito , Ohashi Yoshifumi , Koshima Hiroshi , Okui Nobuyuki , Funahashi Koji , Ishikawa Hisato , Asai Shuji , Terabe Kenya , Yokota Yutaka , Kishimoto Kenji , Takahashi Nobunori , Imagama Shiro , Kojima Toshihisa 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the association between locomotive syndrome (LS) and frailty in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods
Subjects were 538 RA patients (female, 72.9%; mean age ± standard deviation, 66.8 ± 13.4 years). LS and frailty were defined as ≥16 points on the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (Stage ≥2) and ≥8 points on the Kihon Checklist (KCL), respectively.

Results
There were 214 subjects with Stage ≥2 LS (39.8%) and 213 subjects with frailty (39.6%). Among subjects with Stage 0, 1, 2, and 3 LS, 11.0%, 21.9%, 48.3%, and 84.6% had frailty, respectively. The KCL points for cognitive and psychosocial factors had no significant differences across LS stages. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the Health Assessment Questionnaire was independently associated with frailty and LS stage, and the Clinical Disease Activity Index was associated with LS stage but not frailty.

Conclusions
As LS worsens in RA patients, the likelihood of developing physical frailty increases. RA patients with a low LS stage can still develop frailty, and suppressing disease activity may not be sufficient to prevent frailty. These findings highlight the need to screen for frailty in RA patients and consider appropriate interventions based on each patient’s condition, focusing on nonphysical factors.
Structural equation modelling provides insights to understand the construct of chronic pain in women with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Vendrusculo-Fangel Leticia Meda , Fangel Renan , Vieira de Sousa Neto Ivo , Nobrega Otavio Toledo , dos Reis Felipe José Jandre , Durigan João Luiz Quaglioti , de Cassia Marqueti Rita 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe aimed to adopt a multidimensional approach and investigate the interconnections between biomarkers (cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and cortisol) and psychosocial aspects considering pain acceptance, the individual construct of pain perception in terms of blood inflammation biomarkers, anxiety, self-efficacy, and functional performance and to define the quality of life (QoL) in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsAn observational cross-sectional study with a total of 42-RA participants, with chronic pain and 42-women without rheumatic diseases or chronic pain were included. A structural equation model was used to investigate the association between independent variables.ResultsWomen with RA presented high blood biomarker levels, representing an intense inflammatory process. The participants with RA reported moderate pain most of the time, a worsening QoL, functionality, engagement in activities, and a willingness to live with pain and self-efficacy. It was found that the higher the chronic pain, the greater the intensity of pain perceived by these women with RA, as well as, the worse the functionality, the higher the perceived pain.ConclusionsThe exacerbation of pain perception leads to worsening of the experience of chronic pain. The new construct of pain experience should include functionality as a crucial factor in understanding the mechanisms underlying pain.
Crystal Mush Growth and Collapse on a Steep Wall: The Marginal Border Series of the Skaergaard Intrusion, East Greenland
Authors: Holness Marian B , Humphreys Madeleine C S , Namur Olivier , Andersen Jens C Ø , Tegner Christian , Nielsen Troels F D 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Skaergaard Intrusion of East Greenland solidified as a closed system, with the development of progressively more fractionated material at the roof, floor and vertical walls of the magma chamber. We argue, using field observations of the exposed western margin together with detailed microstructural and geochemical analysis, that the mush on the vertical walls of the Skaergaard Intrusion reached a maximum thickness of ~180 m, and was highly unstable. Material was lost both continuously, due to non-retention of poorly consolidated material, and during episodic collapse events. The almost complete absence in the wall rocks of material formed in LZc times (following the saturation of the bulk magma in Fe-Ti oxides) was likely to have been caused by a collapse event, perhaps related to faulting of the actively extending Greenlandic margin. A second major collapse of the MBS occurred during the later stages of solidification, with the greatest loss of material occurring in a region of the wall with an unusually thick mush, creating a transient and localised increase in the thickness of the floor mush. This work demonstrates the importance of vertical walls in supplying loose, disaggregated material to form mobile magmatic slurries that may contribute to floor cumulates or be entrained and erupted in long-lived systems.
Key characteristics including sex, sexual orientation and internet use associated with worse mental health among university students in Brazil and implications
Authors: de Paula Waléria , Pereira João Marcos , Guimarães Nathalia Sernizon , Godman Brian , Nascimento Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do , Meireles Adriana Lúcia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The symptoms of anxiety and depression disorders are multifactorial and can trigger a series of problems especially among university students. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors with anxiety and depression symptoms among first-semester university students at a Federal University in Brazil given the paucity of such data and the first semester is the most stressfultime.

Methods
Cross-sectional study with first-semester university students. The questionnaire included socio-demographic variables, lifestyles, health conditions and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by bivariate analysis and Poisson regression analysis.

Results
Three hundred and fifty-six students (65.2%) across a range of courses in their first semester participated. The prevalence of anxiety was 42.5% and depression 33.2%. Regarding symptoms of anxiety and depression disorders, a positive association was observed among females, non-heterosexual, non-white skin color, excessive internet use, lack of physical activity, not attending university parties, having psychological counseling, history of anxiety in first- or second-degree relatives, poor self-rated health and use of psychotropic medicines.

Conclusions
Due to the high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, the importance of developing programs to promote mental and physical health of university students is highlighted.
Dicalcium silicate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy-mediated macrophagic inflammation promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs
Authors: Luo Qianting , Li Xingyang , Zhong Wenchao , Cao Wei , Zhu Mingjing , Wu Antong , Chen Wanyi , Ye Zhitong , Han Qiao , Natarajan Duraipandy , Pathak Janak L , Zhang Qingbin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4, C2S) has osteogenic potential but induces macrophagic inflammation. Mitochondrial function plays a vital role in macrophage polarization and macrophagic inflammation. The mitochondrial function of C2S-treated macrophages is still unclear. This study hypothesized: (i) the C2S modulates mitochondrial function and autophagy in macrophages to regulate macrophagic inflammation, and (ii) C2S-induced macrophagic inflammation regulates osteogenesis. We used RAW264.7 cells as a model of macrophage. The C2S (75–150 μg/ml) extract was used to analyze the macrophagic mitochondrial function and macrophage-mediated effect on osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The results showed that C2S extract (150 μg/ml) induced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production in macrophages. C2S extract (150 μg/ml) enhanced reactive oxygen species level and intracellular calcium level but reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. TEM images showed reduced mitochondrial abundance and altered the mitochondrial morphology in C2S (150 μg/ml)-treated macrophages. Protein level expression of PINK1, Parkin, Beclin1 and LC3 was upregulated but TOMM20 was downregulated. mRNA sequencing and KEGG analysis showed that C2S-induced differentially expressed mRNAs in macrophages were mainly distributed in the essential signaling pathways involved in mitochondrial function and autophagy. The conditioned medium from C2S-treated macrophage robustly promoted osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. In conclusion, our results indicate mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy as the possible mechanism of C2S-induced macrophagic inflammation. The promotion of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by the C2S-induced macrophagic inflammation suggests the potential application of C2S in developing immunomodulatory bone grafts.
Altered functional connectivity density and couplings in postpartum depression with and without anxiety
Authors: Cheng Bochao , Zhou Yushan , Kwok Veronica P Y , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Song , Zhao Yajun , Meng Yajing , Deng Wei , Wang Jiaojian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common psychological health issue among women, which often comorbids with anxiety (PPD-A). PPD and PPD-A showed highly overlapping clinical symptoms. Identifying disorder-specific neurophysiological markers of PDD and PPD-A is important for better clinical diagnosis and treatments. Here, we performed functional connectivity density (FCD) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses in 138 participants (45 unmedicated patients with first-episode PPD, 31 PDD-A patients and 62 healthy postnatal women, respectively). FCD mapping revealed specifically weaker long-range FCD in right lingual gyrus (LG.R) for PPD patients and significantly stronger long-range FCD in left ventral striatum (VS.L) for PPD-A patients. The follow-up rsFC analyses further revealed reduced functional connectivity between dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and VS.L in both PPD and PPD-A. PPD showed specific changes of rsFC between LG.R and dmPFC, right angular gyrus and left precentral gyrus, while PPD-A represented specifically abnormal rsFC between VS.L and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Moreover, the altered FCD and rsFC were closely associated with depression and anxiety symptoms load. Taken together, our study is the first to identify common and disorder-specific neural circuit disruptions in PPD and PPD-A, which may facilitate more effective diagnosis and treatments.
Clinical predictors of working memory performance in obstructive sleep apnea patients before and during extended wakefulness
Authors: Stevens David , D’Rozario Angela , Openshaw Hannah , Bartlett Delwyn , Rae Caroline D , Catcheside Peter , Wong Keith , Doug McEvoy R , Grunstein Ronald R , Vakulin Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesExtended wakefulness (EW) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) impair working memory (WM), but their combined effects are unclear. This study examined the impact of EW on WM function in OSA patients and identified clinical predictors of WM impairment.MethodsFollowing polysomnography (PSG), 56 OSA patients (mean ± SD, age 49.5 ± 8.9, apnea hypopnea index 38.1 ± 25.0) completed WM 2-back performance tasks 10 times over 24 h of wakefulness to assess average accuracy and completion times measured after 6–12 h awake (baseline) compared to 18–24 h awake (EW). Hierarchical cluster analysis classified participants with poorer versus better WM performance at baseline and during EW. Clinical predictors of performance were examined via regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses.ResultsWM performance decreased following EW and showed consistent correlations with age, Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), total sleep time, and hypoxemia (O2 nadir and mean O2 desaturation) at baseline and with EW (all p &lt; .01). O2 nadir and age were significant independent predictors of performance at baseline (adjusted R2 = 0.30, p &lt; .01), while O2 nadir and ESS were predictors of WM following EW (adjusted R2 = 0.38, p &lt; .001). ROC analysis demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of models to predict poorer versus better performing participants at baseline (83% and 69%) and during EW (84% and 74%).ConclusionsO2 nadir, age, and sleepiness show prognostic value for predicting WM impairment in both rested and sleep-deprived OSA patients and may guide clinicians in identifying patients most at risk of impaired WM under both rested and heightened sleep pressure conditions.Clinical Trial Registration: This manuscript presents data collected as part of a larger trial—ANZCTR: Novel brain biomarkers of performance impairment in sleep apnea—https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=363830, No. ACTRN12613001171707.
Polygamous settlors: When is a wife not a wife?
Authors: Cope Rowan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wealthy nationals of countries outside of Europe, including in the Middle East, are beginning to discover the wealth preservation and succession planning advantages that discretionary trusts can afford them. Whilst this is positive for practitioners, the clash of cultures can cause difficulties for trustees (and their advisers) who are used to administering trusts for western traditional families. Not infrequently, settlors in this new cohort are nationals of countries which either expressly permit or tacitly tolerate polygamy. This article draws attention to the ambiguity around the recognition of such marriages in England and related jurisdictions, and the potential problems this may pose for trustees.