bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medium-depth Trichloroacetic Acid and Deep Phenol–Croton Oil Chemical Peeling for Facial Rejuvenation: An Update
Authors: Atiyeh Bishara , Oneisi Ahmad , Ghieh Fadi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFace-lift is an established rejuvenation modality; however, when performed alone, it lacks the ability to improve the appearance of fine wrinkles and dyschromias that are an important component of facial rejuvenation. Although it is only natural to be attracted by the latest technologically advanced innovative skin resurfacing techniques, chemical peeling has been proven to be a simple and effective method with a relatively good safety profile. Unfortunately, the practice of chemical peeling has relied for a long time on dogmas perpetuated by early reports without any real scientific basis. Moreover, application of peels has been hindered by difficult estimation of penetrance and control of depth. Three decades ago, a shift has occurred from early dogmatic empirical application to better understanding of the peeling formulations and mechanism of action together with appreciation of the interaction between the various components of the peeling formulations in addition to better estimation of clinical end points and peel depth. Given the increasing demand for none or minimally invasive cosmetic procedures, the current review is aimed at highlighting the recent applications of available medium-depth and deep chemical peels for optimal facial rejuvenation and for the treatment of photo-related aging skin changes.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Skull Base of Individuals With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Mendes Bruno Coelho , Silva Kaline de Moura , da Silva Carolina Silvano Vilarinho , Santaella Natália Garcia , de Lima Ana Paula da Cunha Barbosa , Borba Alexandre Meireles , Naclério-Homem Maria da Graça 
Published: June 2021

Aims:
Identify variations of skull base measurements in individuals with dentofacial deformities associated or not with cleft lip and palate and compare the results with individuals without dentofacial deformities.

Methods and Results:
The individuals were categorized into three different groups: dentofacial deformity without cleft malformation, dentofacial deformity associated with cleft lip and palate, and without facial deformity. The inclusion criteria were individuals over 18 years of age, without any intervention involving facial bones or structures of interest for the study and field of view encompassing from the glabella to the hyoid bone. Poor quality CT scans or lack of adequate medical records were considered exclusion criteria. In the analysis by computerized tomography using the Dolphin Imaging Software, the length determined by the Ba-S and S-N lines was evaluated, as well as the Ba-S-N angle formed by landmarks.

Results:
The length of S-N was not statistically different between the groups, the Ba-S length and the Ba-S-N angle demonstrated statistical difference.

Conclusion:
There was statistically significant difference in the morphometry of the (Ba-S) between groups (FS) and (C). This suggests that the standard values for cephalometric analyzes involving these structures, especially to determine the treatment planning, should be used with caution.
Tracking SARS-CoV-2 in rivers as a tool for epidemiological surveillance
Authors: Maidana-Kulesza María Noel , Poma Hugo Ramiro , Sanguino-Jorquera Diego Gastón , Reyes Sarita Isabel , Said-Adamo María del Milagro , Remis Martín Mainardi , Gutiérrez-Cacciabue Dolores , Cristóbal Héctor Antonio , Cruz Mercedes Cecilia , González Mónica Aparicio , Rajal Verónica Beatriz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate if rivers could be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance to support health authorities. Five sampling points from three rivers (AR-1 and AR-2 in Arenales River, MR-1 and MR-2 in Mojotoro River, and CR in La Caldera River) from the Province of Salta (Argentina), two of them receiving the discharges of the wastewater plants (WWTP) of the city of Salta, were monitored from July to December 2020 during the first wave of COVID-19. Fifteen water samples from each point (75 samples in total) were collected and characterized physico-chemically and microbiologically and SARS-CoV-2 was quantitatively detected by RT-qPCR. In addition, two targets linked to human contributions, human polyomavirus (HPyV) and RNase P, were quantified and used to normalize the SARS-CoV-2 concentration, which was ultimately compared to the active reported COVID-19 cases. Statistical analyses allowed us to verify the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), as well as to find similarities and differences between sampling points. La Caldera River showed the best water quality, and FIB were within acceptable limits for recreational activities. Although Mojotoro River receives the discharge of the northern WWTP of the city, it did not affect the water quality. Instead, the Arenales River presented the poorest water quality and the river at AR-2 was negatively affected by the discharges of the southern WWTP, which contributed to the significant increase of fecal contamination. SARS-CoV-2 was only found in about half of the samples and in low concentrations in La Caldera and Mojotoro Rivers, while it was high and persistent in the Arenales River. None of the two human tracers was detected in CR, only HPyV was found in MR-1, MR-2 and AR-1, and both were quantified in AR-2. The experimental and the normalized (using the two tracers) viral concentrations strongly correlated with the curve of active reported COVID-19 cases; thus, the Arenales River at AR-2 reflected the epidemiological situation of the city. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study that showed the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 concentration in an urban river highly impacted by wastewater and proved that can be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance to support health authorities.
Characterizing Long COVID: Deep Phenotype of a Complex Condition
Authors: Deer Rachel R , Rock Madeline A , Vasilevsky Nicole , Carmody Leigh , Rando Halie , Anzalone Alfred J , Callahan Tiffany J , Bramante Carolyn T , Chute Christopher G , Greene Casey S , Gagnier Joel , Chu Haitao , Koraishy Farrukh M , Liang Chen , Liu Feifan , Madlock-Brown Charisse R , Mazzotti Diego R , McNair Douglas S , Parker Ann M , Coleman Ben D , Davis Hannah E , Perry Mallory A , Reese Justin T , Saltz Joel , Solomonides Anthony E , Sule Anupam A , Stein Gary S , Köhler Sebastian , Monteith Teshamae S , Madhira Vithal , Kimble Wesley D , Kavuluru Ramakanth , Hillegass William B , Chan Lauren E , Byrd James Brian , Boudreau Eilis A , Liu Hongfang , McMurry Julie A , Pfaff Emily , Matentzoglu Nicolas , Relevo Rose , Moffitt Richard A , Schuff Robert A , Solway Julian , Spratt Heidi , Bergquist Timothy , Bennett Tellen D , Basson Marc D , Topaloglu Umit , Wang Liwei , Haendel Melissa A , Robinson Peter N 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceSince late 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has given rise to a global pandemic and introduced many health challenges with economic, social, and political consequences. In addition to a complex acute presentation that can affect multiple organ systems, there is mounting evidence of various persistent long-term sequelae. The worldwide scientific community is characterizing a diverse range of seemingly common long-term outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the underlying assumptions in these studies vary widely making comparisons difficult. Numerous publications describe the clinical manifestations of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC or “long COVID”), but they are difficult to integrate because of heterogeneous methods and the lack of a standard for denoting the many phenotypic manifestations of long COVID.ObservationsWe identified 303 articles published before April 29, 2021, curated 59 relevant manuscripts that described clinical manifestations in 81 cohorts of individuals three weeks or more following acute COVID-19, and mapped 287 unique clinical findings to Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms.Conclusions and RelevancePatients and clinicians often use different terms to describe the same symptom or condition. Addressing the heterogeneous and inconsistent language used to describe the clinical manifestations of long COVID combined with the lack of standardized terminologies for long COVID will provide a necessary foundation for comparison and meta-analysis of different studies. Translating long COVID manifestations into computable HPO terms will improve the analysis, data capture, and classification of long COVID patients. If researchers, clinicians, and patients share a common language, then studies can be compared or pooled more effectively. Furthermore, mapping lay terminology to HPO for long COVID manifestations will help patients assist clinicians and researchers in creating phenotypic characterizations that are computationally accessible, which may improve the stratification and thereby diagnosis and treatment of long COVID.
An Oxford Nanopore-based Characterisation of Sputum Microbiota Dysbiosis in Patients with Tuberculosis: from baseline to 7 days after Antibiotic Treatment
Authors: Sekyere John Osei , Maningi Nontuthuko E. , Matukane Siphiwe Ruthy , Mbelle Nontombi M. , Fourie Petrus Bernard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostics for tuberculosis (TB) and treatment monitoring remains a challenge, particularly in less-resourced laboratories. Further, the comprehensive sputum microbiota of TB patients during treatment are less described, particularly using long-read sequencers.MethodsDNA from sputum samples collected from newly-diagnosed TB patients were sequenced with Oxford Nanopore’s MinION. MG-RAST and R packages (Phyloseq, α/β diversities, functional components, OTUs networks and ordination plots. Statistical significance of the generated data was determined using GraphPad.Results & conclusionAntibiotics reduced the abundance and functional subsystems of each samples’ microbiota from baseline until day 7, when persistent, tolerant, and resistant microbiota, including fungi, grew back again. Variations in microbiota abundance and diversity were patient-specific. Closer microbiome network relationships observed in baseline samples reduced until day 7, when it became closer again. Bacterial microbiota networks and spatial ordination relationships were closer than that of other kingdoms. Actinobacteria phylum and Mycobacterium were more affected by antibiotics than other phyla and genera. Parasites, viruses, and fungi were less affected by antibiotics than bacteria in a descending order. Resistance genes/mechanisms to important antibiotics, plasmids, transposons, insertion sequences, integrative conjugative elements were identified in few samples.MinION can be adopted clinically to monitor treatment and consequent dysbiosis, and identify both known and unknown pathogens and resistance genes to inform tailored treatment choices, specifically in TB.Author summaryTuberculosis (TB), one of the major killers of mankind, continually remains elusive as challenges with early diagnosis and treatment monitoring remain. Herein, we use a single portable sequencer from Oxford Nanopore, the minION, to diagnose TB and monitor its treatment with antibiotics using routine sputum samples. In addition, the presence of other pathogens, important commensals, antibiotic resistance genes, mobile genetic elements, and the effect of the antibiotic treatment on the sputum microbiota were determined from the same data. This makes the minION an important tool that can be used in clinical laboratories to obtain data that can inform live-saving decisions.
An Experimental Test of the Effects of Redacting Grant Applicant Identifiers on Peer Review Outcomes
Authors: Nakamura Richard , Mann Lee S. , Lindner Mark D. , Braithwaite Jeremy , Chen Mei-Ching , Vancea Adrian , Byrnes Noni , Durrant Valerie , Reed Bruce 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBlinding reviewers to applicant identity has been proposed to reduce bias in peer review. This experimental test used 1200 NIH grant applications, 400 from Black investigators, 400 matched applications from White investigators, and 400 randomly selected applications from White investigators. Applications were reviewed by mail in standard and redacted formats. Redaction reduced, but did not eliminate, reviewers’ ability to correctly guess features of identity. The primary, pre-registered analysis hypothesized a differential effect of redaction according to investigator race in the matched applications. A set of secondary analyses (not pre-registered) used the randomly selected applications from White scientists and tested the same interaction. Both analyses revealed similar effects: Standard format applications from White investigators scored better than those from Black investigators; redaction reduced the size of the difference by about half (e.g. from a Cohen’sdof 0.20 to 0.10 in matched applications); redaction caused applications from White scientists to score worse but had no effect on scores for Black applications. The primary statistical test of the study hypothesis was not significant; the secondary analysis was significant. The findings support further evaluation of peer review models that diminish the influence of applicant identity.
Exon skipping via chimeric antisense U1 snRNAs to correct Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase-Regulator (RPGR) splice defect
Authors: Covello Giuseppina , Ibrahim Gehan H. , Bacchi Niccolò , Casarosa Simona , Denti Michela Alessandra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInherited retinal dystrophies are caused by mutations in more than 250 genes, each of them carrying several types of mutations that can lead to different clinical phenotypes. Mutations in Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase-Regulator (RPGR) cause X-linked Retinitis pigmentosa (RP). A nucleotide substitution in intron 9 of RPGR causes the increase of an alternatively spliced isoform of the mature mRNA, bearing exon 9a (E9a). This introduces a stop codon, leading to truncation of the protein. Aiming at restoring impaired gene expression, we developed an antisense RNA-based therapeutic approach for the skipping of RPGR E9a. We designed a set of specific U1 antisense snRNAs (U1_asRNAs) and tested their efficacy in vitro, upon transient co-transfection with RPGR minigene reporter systems in HEK-293T and PC-12 cell lines. We thus identified three chimeric U1_asRNAs that efficiently mediate E9a skipping, correcting the genetic defect. Unexpectedly, the U1-5’antisense construct, which exhibited the highest exon-skipping efficiency in PC-12 cells, induced E9a inclusion in HEK-293T cells, indicating caution in the choice of preclinical model systems when testing RNA splicing-correcting therapies. Our data provide a proof of principle for the application of U1_snRNA exon skipping-based approach to correct splicing defects in RPGR.
Haemosporidian Blood Parasites in nestling birds of prey in Mongolia
Authors: Attaran Hamidreza , Luo Jing , Bo Wang , Nabavi Reza , He Hong-xuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHaemosporidians are vector-transmitted intracellular parasites that happen in numerous bird species worldwide and may possibly have important effects for wild bird populations. Studies of haemosporidians most dedicated on Europe and North America, and only newly some study in the Neotropics has been done, where the occurrence and influences of the disease have been less considered and are not understood well. In this study we designed a study in the nestling birds of prey in Mongolia. We sampled blood from 72 raptors at 2 different species and evaluated avian haemosporidian infection by two nested PCR protocol and one Real time PCR protocol. Sequencing a portion of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of the parasite. From the sampled birds, 10 % were infected by Plasmodium. Inclusive, our findings advocate a high haemosporidian species richness in the bird community of Mongolia. In view of the frequency of local habitat loss that in this area is living, recognize how avian haemosporidians affect bird populations it is very important; in addition, more exhaustive sampling is required to fully understand the range of avian haemosporidian infection in this area.
Neural dynamics of stroboscopic stimulation at different stimulation frequencies
Authors: Pari Ram Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStroboscopic stimulation has been previously shown to induce visual hallucinations and altered states of consciousness, state by entraining the brain to the driving frequency, similar to those reported during the psychedelics although little systematic research exists on the effect of specific stimulation frequency on experience. The present study investigated the effects of different stroboscopic stimulation frequencies on neural dynamics, such as signal diversity (Lempel-Ziv complexity) and spectral power and attempted to relate these changes to self-reported changes in experiential content. The results indicated that the stimulation frequencies near the alpha band (8 – 12 Hz) caused the greatest increase across all neural measures, with 8 Hz consistently displaying the most pronounced results, relative to baseline. All tested frequencies led to an increase in all experiential dimensions, relative to baseline.
POGZ modulates the DNA damage response in a HP1-dependent manner
Authors: Heath John , Cheyou Estelle Simo , Findlay Steven , Luo Vincent M , Carpio Edgar Pinedo , Lee Jeesan , Djerir Billel , Chen Xiaoru , Morin Théo , Lebeau Benjamin , Karam Martin , Bagci Halil , Grapton Damien , Ursini-Siegel Josie , Côté Jean-Francois , Witcher Michael , Richard Stéphane , Maréchal Alexandre , Orthwein Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe heterochromatin protein HP1 plays a central role in the maintenance of genome stability, in particular by promoting homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair. However, little is still known about how HP1 is controlled during this process. Here, we describe a novel function of the POGO transposable element derived with ZNF domain protein (POGZ) in the regulation of HP1 during the DNA damage responsein vitro. POGZ depletion delays the resolution of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and correlates with an increased sensitivity to different DNA damaging agents, including the clinically-relevant Cisplatin and Talazoparib. Mechanistically, POGZ promotes homology-directed DNA repair pathways by retaining the BRCA1/BARD1 complex at DSBs, in a HP1-dependent manner.In vivoCRISPR inactivation ofPogzis embryonically lethal andPogzhaplo-insufficiency (Pogz+/Δ) results in a developmental delay, impaired intellectual abilities, a hyperactive behaviour as well as a compromised humoral immune response in mice, recapitulating the main clinical features of the White Sutton syndrome (WHSUS). Importantly,Pogz+/Δmice are radiosensitive and accumulate DSBs in diverse tissues, including the spleen and the brain. Altogether, our findings identify POGZ as an important player in homology-directed DNA repair bothin vitroandin vivo,with clinical implications for the WHSUS.
Trait mindfulness predicts inter-brain coupling during naturalistic face-to-face interactions
Authors: Chen Phoebe , Kirk Ulrich , Dikker Suzanne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the benefits of practicing mindfulness have raised much public and academic interest. Mindfulness emphasizes cultivating awareness of our immediate experience, and has been associated with compassion, empathy and various other prosocial traits. However, experimental evidence pertaining to its prosocial benefits in social settings is lacking. In this study, we investigate neural correlates of trait mindfulness during naturalistic dyadic interactions, using both individual brain and inter-brain coupling measures. We used the Muse headset, a portable electroencephalogram (EEG) device, to record participants’ brain activity during a ∼10 minutes’ naturalistic dyadic interaction (N = 62) in an interactive art setting. They further completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). This allowed us to ask whether inter-brain coupling during naturalistic interactions can be predicted by dyads’ affective traits and trait mindfulness, respectively. First, we failed replicating prior laboratory-based findings with respect to individual brain responses as they relate to mindfulness. Trait mindfulnessdid, however, predict inter-brain coupling within dyads, in theta (∼5-8 Hz, p < 0.001) and beta frequencies (∼26-27Hz, p < 0.001). Finally, we found a negative correlation between personal distress and trait mindfulness (t(475) = -5.493, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the importance of conducting social neuroscience research in ecological settings and enrich our understanding of multi-brain neural correlates of mindfulness during social interaction, while raising critical practical considerations regarding the viability of commercially available EEG systems.
ZFP462 targets heterochromatin to transposon-derived enhancers restricting transcription factor binding and expression of lineage-specifying genes
Authors: Yelagandula Ramesh , Stecher Karin , Novatchkova Maria , Michetti Luca , Michlits Georg , Wang Jingkui , Hofbauer Pablo , Pribitzer Carina , Vainorius Gintautas , Isbel Luke , Mendjan Sasha , Schübeler Dirk , Elling Ulrich , Brennecke Julius , Bell Oliver 
Published: June 2021

AbstractZNF462haploinsufficiency is linked to Weiss-Kruszka Syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by a range of neurodevelopmental defects including Autism. Though it is highly conserved in vertebrates and essential for embryonic development the molecular functions ofZNF462are unclear. We identified its murine homolog ZFP462 in a screen for epigenetic gene silencing in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Here, we show ZFP462 safeguards neural lineage specification by targeting the H3K9-specific histone methyltransferase complex G9A/GLP to mediate epigenetic silencing of endodermal genes. ZFP462 binds to thousands of transposable elements (TEs) that harbor ESC- and endoderm-specific transcription factor (TF) binding sites and act as enhancers. Through physical interaction with G9A/GLP, ZFP462 seeds heterochromatin at TE-derived enhancers restricting the binding of core pluripotency TFs OCT4 and SOX2. Loss of ZFP462 in ESCs results in increased chromatin accessibility at target sites and ectopic expression of endodermal genes. Taken together, ZFP462 restricts TF binding and subsequent endodermspecific gene activation by conferring lineage and locus-specificity to the broadly expressed epigenetic regulator G9A/GLP. Our results suggest that aberrant activation of endodermal genes in the neuronal lineage underlies ZNF462-associated neurodevelopmental pathology.