bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentation on minimum ignition temperature for boron blended fireworks flash powder dust cloud at normal and inert environmental conditions
Authors: Arumugachamy Azhagurajan , Lakshmana Pandian Prakash , Kadarkaraithangam Jeyasubramanian 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn fireworks industries, mixing and filling of chemicals are being done manually and hence, dust formation is inevitable. Due to inherent nature of ingredients like aluminium metal powder, which has more combustible and the possibilities of dust explosion are merely high. Nowadays, the use of boron as a replacement of aluminium in firecracker mixtures is being researched upon. Hence, this paper aims at measuring the minimum ignition temperature (MIT) of existing and boron blended firework composition by using Godbert Greenwald furnace. Nowadays, many firework industries are employing automation. In such places, by limiting the level of oxygen supply with Nitrogen gas, the accidents can be avoided. Hence, the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) is also measured. It has been concluded that the probability of ignition is higher when the replacement level of aluminium with boron is less than 70% at a concentration of 1456 g/m3 with less than 75% inert gas level. The safe margin has been found which will be useful for risk assessment study.
Effects of different drying methods and ascorbic acid pretreatment on carotenoids and polyphenols of papaya fruit in Ethiopia
Authors: Minuye Masresha , Getachew Paulos , Laillou Arnaud , Chitekwe Stanley , Baye Kaleab 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFrequent consumption of fruits can prevent nutrient deficiencies and promote health. However, the perishability and unaffordability of fruits had led to very low levels of fruit consumption in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the retention of nutrients and bioactive compounds of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L) with/without ascorbic acid pretreatment and drying under different techniques, to then estimate the vitamin A intakes for vulnerable population. Yellow pulp ripped papaya fruits (i.e., >75% level of skin color/stage level 4) (n = 14), with and without ascorbic acid pretreatment were dried using (a) solar drying: open‐air, tray driers, and glasshouse; (b) refractance window drying; (c) oven drying; and (d) freeze‐drying (control). The fresh fruit had high moisture content (87%) and an acidic pH. The dried papaya had a water activity of 0.5–0.6. The highest TPC, TFC, total carotenoids, and ß‐carotene were found in freeze‐dried papaya samples, followed by refractance window, and solar glass house (p < .05). The highest retention in total carotenoids (81.5%) and ß‐carotene (61.9%) relative to freeze‐drying was for the refractance‐window; 25 g of dried papaya could contribute to 38% of the retinol equivalents’ requirement for young children. Ascorbic acid pretreatment increased the retention of total carotenoids, ß‐carotene, TPC, and TFC (p < .05) by (6–11)%, (8–34)%, (7–58)%, and (6–30)%, respectively, for all the drying methods. Refractance window and solar glass house drying can improve diets and constitute a promising food systems’ intervention that can increase year‐round availability, accessibility, and affordability of vitamin A‐rich fruits like papaya.
Optimizing differential identifiability improves connectome predictive modeling of cognitive deficits from functional connectivity in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Svaldi Diana O. , Goñi Joaquín , Abbas Kausar , Amico Enrico , Clark David G. , Muralidharan Charanya , Dzemidzic Mario , West John D. , Risacher Shannon L. , Saykin Andrew J. , Apostolova Liana G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFunctional connectivity, as estimated using resting state functional MRI, has shown potential in bridging the gap between pathophysiology and cognition. However, clinical use of functional connectivity biomarkers is impeded by unreliable estimates of individual functional connectomes and lack of generalizability of models predicting cognitive outcomes from connectivity. To address these issues, we combine the frameworks of connectome predictive modeling and differential identifiability. Using the combined framework, we show that enhancing the individual fingerprint of resting state functional connectomes leads to robust identification of functional networks associated to cognitive outcomes and also improves prediction of cognitive outcomes from functional connectomes. Using a comprehensive spectrum of cognitive outcomes associated to Alzheimer's disease (AD), we identify and characterize functional networks associated to specific cognitive deficits exhibited in AD. This combined framework is an important step in making individual level predictions of cognition from resting state functional connectomes and in understanding the relationship between cognition and connectivity.
Intraoperative near‐infrared autofluorescence imaging for hypocalcemia risk reduction after total thyroidectomy: Evidence from a meta‐analysis
Authors: Weng Yu‐jing , Jiang Jiang , Min Lei , Ai Qing , Chen De‐biao , Chen Wei‐chun , Huang Zhi‐heng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis meta‐analysis evaluates whether near‐infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) imaging reduces the risk of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. A systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies from June 2011 to January 2021 comparing total thyroidectomy with NIRAF and conventional surgery (naked eye). Six eligible studies involving 2180 patients were included. The prevalence of transient hypocalcemia was 8.11% (40/493) and 25.19% (425/1687) in the NIRAF and naked eye groups (p < 0.0001), respectively. The prevalence of permanent hypocalcemia was 0% (0/493) and 2.19% (37/1687) in the NIRAF and naked eye groups (p = 0.05), respectively. NIRAF reduces the risk of transient hypocalcemia and may possibly lower the rate of permanent hypocalcemia. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to verify our results and evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of NIRAF in real‐world clinical practice.
Predictors of breakthrough clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection during letermovir prophylaxis in high‐risk hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Royston Léna , Royston Eva , Masouridi‐Levrat Stavroula , Chalandon Yves , Van Delden Christian , Neofytos Dionysios 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLetermovir prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients significantly reduces the incidence of clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection. However, breakthrough infections still occur despite adequate prophylaxis. In the present retrospective cohort study, we identified clinically relevant predictive factors for clinically significant CMV breakthrough infection during letermovir prophylaxis. Low‐grade CMV replication (21–149 IU/ml), both at the time of letermovir initiation or during prophylaxis, was a significant risk factor for breakthrough clinically significant CMV infection. In addition, development of acute gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease was significantly associated with breakthrough infection. Altogether these findings could call clinicians' attention to closer CMV monitoring and allow for prompt preemptive treatment initiation.
Lgr4 promotes aerobic glycolysis and differentiation in osteoblasts via the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Yang Yu-ying , Zhou Yan-man , Xu Jing-zun , Sun Li-hao , Tao Bei , Wang Wei-qing , Wang Ji-qiu , Zhao Hong-yan , Liu Jian-min 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Lgr4, a G-protein-coupled receptor, is associated with various physiological and pathological processes including oncogenesis, energy metabolism, and bone remodeling. However, whether Lgr4 is involved in osteoblasts' metabolism is not clear. Here we uncover that in preosteoblast cell line, lacking Lgr4 results in decreased osteogenic function along with reduced glucose consumption, glucose uptake, and lactate production in the presence of abundant oxygen, which is referred to as aerobic glycolysis. Activating canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling rescued the glycolytic dysfunction. Lgr4 promotes the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (pdk1) and is abolished by interfering canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mice lacking Lgr4 specifically in osteoblasts (Lgr4osb−/−) exhibit decreased bone mass and strength due to reduced bone formation. Additionally, glycolysis of osteoblasts is impaired in Lgr4osb−/− mice. Our study reveals a novel function of Lgr4 in regulating the cellular metabolism of osteoblasts. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Cirsilineol attenuates LPS‐induced inflammation in both in vivo and in vitro models via inhibiting TLR‐4/NFkB/IKK signaling pathway
Authors: Ai Meimei , Lin Shusheng , Zhang Meixia , Wu Tieli , Yang Nan , Li Yu , Li Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe anti‐inflammatory activity of cirsilineol in in vivo condition was assessed by measuring the relative organ weight, lung dry/wet weight ratio, protein concentration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We estimated the myeloperoxidase activity and levels of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory markers to analyze the efficacy of cirsilineol against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced lung inflammation. Furthermore, we quantified the gene expression of NFkB/IKK signaling molecules in cirsilineol‐treated and untreated acute lung injury mice to confirm the anti‐inflammatory property of cirsilineol. The lung histology was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Apart from in vivo experiments, in vitro tests with LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were also performed. Cell viability assay was performed in the presence and absence of LPS in RAW 264.7 macrophages to determine the cytotoxic effect of cirsilineol against macrophages. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis was done to analyze the gene expression of inflammatory markers in LPS‐treated RAW 264.7 macrophages to prove that cirsilineol effectively inhibits inflammation in vitro. The results of our study prove that cirsilineol effectively inhibits inflammation in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. RT‐PCR analysis results of NFkB/IKK signaling molecules clearly illustrate that cirsilineol inhibited the expression of NFkB/IKK signaling protein and thereby prevented inflammation in in vivo condition, and it is further confirmed with the results of inflammatory protein expression in vitro model. The lung histopathological studies authentically confirm that cirsilineol potentially prevented the mice from LPS‐induced lung inflammation.
NFIB induces functional astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural precursor cells mimicking in vivo astrogliogenesis
Authors: Yeon Gyu‐Bum , Shin Won‐Ho , Yoo Seo Hyun , Kim Dongyun , Jeon Byeong‐Min , Park Won‐Ung , Bae Yeonju , Park Jae‐Yong , You Seungkwon , Na Dokyun , Kim Dae‐Sung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ability to generate astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offers a promising cellular model to study the development and physiology of human astrocytes. The extant methods for generating functional astrocytes required long culture periods and there remained much ambiguity on whether such paradigms follow the innate developmental program. In this report, we provided an efficient and rapid method for generating physiologically functional astrocytes from hPSCs. Overexpressing the nuclear factor IB in hPSC‐derived neural precursor cells induced a highly enriched astrocyte population in 2 weeks. RNA sequencing and functional analyses demonstrated progressive transcriptomic and physiological changes in the cells, resembling in vivo astrocyte development. Further analyses substantiated previous results and established the MAPK pathway necessary for astrocyte differentiation. Hence, this differentiation paradigm provides a prospective in vitro model for human astrogliogenesis studies and the pathophysiology of neurological diseases concerning astrocytes.
Data Quality Assessment for Super‐Resolution Fetal Brain MR Imaging: A Retrospective 1.5 T Study
Authors: Rubert Nicholas , Bardo Dianna M.E. , Vaughn Jennifer , Cornejo Patricia , Goncalves Luis F. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundSuper‐resolution is a promising technique to create isotropic image volumes from stacks of two‐dimensional (2D) motion‐corrupted images in fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).PurposeTo determine an acquisition quality metric and correlate that metric with radiologist perception of three‐dimensional (3D) image quality.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsEighty‐seven patients, mean gestational age 29 ± 6 weeks.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T/2D fast spin‐echo.AssessmentFour radiologists (L.G., D.M.E.B., P.C., and J.V.; 31, 21, 7, and 7 years' experience, respectively) graded reconstructions on a 0 to 4 scale for overall appearance and visibility of specific anatomy. During reconstruction, slices were labeled as inliers based on correlation between a simulated vs. actual acquisition. The fraction of brain voxels in inlier slicers vs. total brain voxels was measured for each acquisition.Statistical TestsPaired sample t test, Pearson's correlation, intra‐class correlation.ResultsThe average brain mask inlier fraction for all acquisitions was 0.8. There was a statistically significant correlation (0.71) between overall reconstruction appearance and number of acquisitions with inlier fraction above 0.73. There was low correlation (0.21, P = 0.05) between the number of acquisitions used in the reconstruction and overall score when no data quality measure was considered. Similar results were found for ratings of specific anatomy. Statistically significant differences in overall perception of image quality were found when using three vs. four, four vs. five, and three vs. five high‐quality acquisitions in the reconstruction. Five high‐quality acquisitions were sufficient to yield an average radiologist rating of 3.59 out of 4.0 for overall image quality.Data ConclusionReconstruction quality can be reliably predicted using the brain mask inlier fraction. Real‐time super‐resolution protocols could exploit this to terminate acquisition when enough high‐quality acquisitions have been collected. To achieve consistent 3D image quality it may be necessary to acquire more than five scans to compensate for severely motion‐corrupted acquisitions.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy1
Radiomics Nomograms Based on Non‐enhanced MRI and Clinical Risk Factors for the Differentiation of Chondrosarcoma from Enchondroma
Authors: Pan Jielin , Zhang Ke , Le Hongbo , Jiang Yunping , Li Wenjuan , Geng Yayuan , Li Shaolin , Hong Guobin 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDifferentiating chondrosarcoma from enchondroma using conventional MRI remains challenging. An effective method for accurate preoperative diagnosis could affect the management and prognosis of patients.PurposeTo validate and evaluate radiomics nomograms based on non‐enhanced MRI and clinical risk factors for the differentiation of chondrosarcoma from enchondroma.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 103 patients with pathologically confirmed chondrosarcoma (n = 53) and enchondroma (n = 50) were randomly divided into training (n = 68) and validation (n = 35) groups.Field Strength/SequenceAxial non‐contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images (T1WI) and fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images (T2WI‐FS) were acquired at 3.0 T.AssessmentClinical risk factors (sex, age, and tumor location) and diagnosis assessment based on morphologic MRI by three radiologists were recorded. Three radiomics signatures were established based on the T1WI, T2WI‐FS, and T1WI + T2WI‐FS sequences. Three clinical radiomics nomograms were developed based on the clinical risk factors and three radiomics signatures.Statistical TestsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of radiomics signatures and clinical radiomics nomograms.ResultsTumor location was an important clinical risk factor (P < 0.05). The radiomics signature based on T1WI and T1WI + T2WI‐FS features performed better than that based on T2WI‐FS in the validation group (AUC in the validation group: 0.961, 0.938, and 0.833, respectively; P < 0.05). In the validation group, the three clinical radiomics nomograms (T1WI, T2WI‐FS, and T1WI + T2WI‐FS) achieved AUCs of 0.938, 0.935, and 0.954, respectively. In all patients, the clinical radiomics nomogram based on T2WI‐FS (AUC = 0.967) performed better than that based on T2WI‐FS (AUC = 0.901, P < 0.05).Data ConclusionThe proposed clinical radiomics nomogram showed promising performance in differentiating chondrosarcoma from enchondroma.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Toward Nonvolatile Switching in Silicon Photonic Devices
Authors: Parra Jorge , Olivares Irene , Brimont Antoine , Sanchis Pablo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNonvolatile switching is still a missing functionality in current mainstream silicon photonics complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor platforms. Fundamentally, nonvolatile switching stands for the ability to switch between two or more photonic states reversibly without needing additional energy to hold each state. Therefore, such a feature may push one step further the potential of silicon photonics by offering new ways of achieving photonic reconfigurability with ultrasmall energy consumption. Here, a detailed review of current developments that enable nonvolatile switching in silicon photonic waveguide devices is provided. Nonvolatility is successfully demonstrated either based on device engineering or by hybrid integration of silicon waveguides with materials exhibiting unique optical properties. Furthermore, several approaches with high potential for evolving toward a nonvolatile behavior with enhanced performance are also being explored. In most cases, many development steps are still necessary to ensure reliable devices. However, this research field is expected to progress in the coming years boosted by current and emerging applications benefiting from such functionality, such as new paradigms for photonic computing or advanced reconfigurable circuits for programmable photonic systems.
Phosphatidylcholine‐Engineered Exosomes for Enhanced Tumor Cell Uptake and Intracellular Antitumor Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhan Qi , Yi Kaikai , Li Xueping , Cui Xiaoteng , Yang Eryan , Chen Ning , Yuan Xubo , Zhao Jin , Hou Xin , Kang Chunsheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExosomes derived from non‐tumor cells hold great potential as drug delivery vehicles because of their good biosafety and natural transference of bioactive cargo between cells. However, compared to tumor‐derived exosomes, efficient delivery is limited by their weak interactions with tumor cells. It is essential to engineer exosomes that improve tumor cellular internalization efficiency. A simple and effective strategy to enhance tumor cell uptake by engineering the exosome membrane lipids can be established by drawing on the role of lipids in tumor exosomes interacting with tumor cells. Amphiphilic phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules are inserted into the membrane lipid layer of reticulocyte‐derived exosomes (Exos) by simple incubation to construct PC‐engineered exosomes (PC‐Exos). It is demonstrated that PC‐Exos showed significantly enhanced tumor cell internalization and uptake rate compared to native Exos, up to a twofold increase. After therapeutic agent loading, PC‐Exos remarkably promotes intracellular drug or RNA accumulation in cancer cells, thus showing enhanced in vitro anti‐tumor activity. This work demonstrates the crucial role of engineering exosomal lipids in modulating cancer cellular uptake, which may shed light on the design of high‐efficiency exosome‐based drug delivery carriers.
3D amplified MRI (aMRI)
Authors: Terem Itamar , Dang Leo , Champagne Allen , Abderezaei Javid , Pionteck Aymeric , Almadan Zainab , Lydon Anna‐Maria , Kurt Mehmet , Scadeng Miriam , Holdsworth Samantha J. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeAmplified MRI (aMRI) has been introduced as a new method of detecting and visualizing pulsatile brain motion in 2D. Here, we improve aMRI by introducing a novel 3D aMRI approach.Methods3D aMRI was developed and tested for its ability to amplify sub‐voxel motion in all three directions. In addition, 3D aMRI was qualitatively compared to 2D aMRI on multi‐slice and 3D (volumetric) balanced steady‐state free precession cine data and phase contrast (PC‐MRI) acquired on healthy volunteers at 3T. Optical flow maps and 4D animations were produced from volumetric 3D aMRI data.Results3D aMRI exhibits better image quality and fewer motion artifacts compared to 2D aMRI. The tissue motion was seen to match that of PC‐MRI, with the predominant brain tissue displacement occurring in the cranial‐caudal direction. Optical flow maps capture the brain tissue motion and display the physical change in shape of the ventricles by the relative movement of the surrounding tissues. The 4D animations show the complete brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion, helping to highlight the “piston‐like” motion of the ventricles.ConclusionsHere, we introduce a novel 3D aMRI approach that enables one to visualize amplified cardiac‐ and CSF‐induced brain motion in striking detail. 3D aMRI captures brain motion with better image quality than 2D aMRI and supports a larger amplification factor. The optical flow maps and 4D animations of 3D aMRI may open up exciting applications for neurological diseases that affect the biomechanics of the brain and brain fluids.
Comparison of freezing and hydration characteristics for porous media
Authors: Zhou Jiazuo , Liang Wenpeng , Meng Xiangchuan , Wei Changfu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe processes of freezing–thawing and hydration–dissociation change the content of liquid water that coexists with ice or hydrate in porous media, such as frozen soils and hydrate‐bearing sediments, changing their physicomechanical properties. In this study, a generalized phase equilibrium equation is presented for both frozen soils and hydrate‐bearing sediments by considering the capillary and osmotic pressures. The liquid water content is related to temperature depression, plotted as the soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) or the soil hydration characteristic curve (SHCC), by combining the generalized phase equilibrium equation and the soil‐water characteristic curve (SWCC). From the SFCC or the SHCC, the phase equilibrium surface can be calculated in the space of temperature, pressure, and liquid water content. The proposed generalized phase equilibrium equation and the model of SFCC and SHCC can help to estimate the physicomechanical properties that depend on the fraction of the liquid or solid phase in porous media. Finally, the SHCC is employed to analyze the dissociation of hydrate‐bearing sediments using various methods.