bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Fracture Evolution and Instability of Pyrite-Filled Marble Exposed to Freeze-Thaw-Compression Loads
Authors: Wang Yu , Yang Haonan , Zhu Chun , Gao Shaohua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The preexistence of the geological discontinuities in cold regions is susceptible to freeze-thaw weathering and rock instability, and even the occurrence of geological hazards is strongly impacted by the discontinuities. Knowledge of how natural fracture affects the rock field deformation is crucial to rock stability prediction. This work is aimed at revealing the influences of freeze-thaw on failure process for pyrite-filled marble obtained from an open pit slope. All the tested marbles were selected to roughly have the same initial pyrite band; the full-field displacement and the progressive failure behaviors under uniaxial compression were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using 3D digital image correlation (3D DIC) technique. The testing results show that the previous freeze-thaw action weakens the cementation between the rock matrix and pyrite band; the peak stress and strain are obviously impacted by the freeze-thaw treatment. In addition, the stimulation of pyrite bands influences the displacement development and high strain concentration pattern. The stimulation of pyrite band results in the formation of strain concentration zone, and shear sliding occurs until rock failure. Moreover, it is found that the stimulation of pyrite band and its localized strain takes place progressively and develops fast for marble exposed to higher freeze-thaw treatment. It is suggested that the field deformation development depends on the stimulation of the pyrite bands.
What’s the Best Friction Reducer? You Need To Figure It Out Yourself
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: November 2021

Friction reducers are expected to play critical roles in fracturing, some better than others.
Shale producers are belatedly realizing that there are many variables that can alter the performance of these chemicals used to reduce the power needed to hydraulically fracture a reservoir, and in higher doses, to thicken fluid, making it possible to deliver proppant more efficiently.
There are wells that can justify paying more for a friction reducer formulated to stand up to difficult chemical challenges, and others that cannot.
But there is no guide that describes how these key additives perform. Those who do evaluations will realize that a lot of details about friction reducers are proprietary and no industry standard provides guidance about the information needed to thoroughly assess their compatibility with reservoir conditions.
“There hasn’t been a really good method to quantitatively evaluate friction reducers and what they do,” said Paul Carman, the completion fluid advisor for ConocoPhillips, who has not figured out what that method might be.
Recently, Occidental Petroleum took a stab at answering the question with a paper discussing its evaluation of friction-reducer performance.
It’s not a short answer. The paper delivered at the Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTeC) does not offer names of the products tested, how many were tested at any stage of the process, or details that might identify top performers (URTeC 5249).
Those who dig deeper and ask fracturing experts will learn that the best friction reducer will depend on the job. And money, time, and research are required to gather the data needed for informed decision making.
When Occidental began working on a system to evaluate friction reducers, they found little had been written on how to do it, said Nancy Zakhour, Occidental’s well design lead, a coauthor of the paper.
There was a general paper from Shell on well chemical evaluation but little else. That shows how oil companies have come to rely on others to do performance testing.
The shale business has not shown much interest in chemical performance until recently. Greater attention has turned to the many details that can incrementally improve shale well performance and to the research showing how friction reducers perform badly due to chemical reactions in some wells.
These are not the only additives that may be affected by chemical reactions during and after fracturing. But friction reducers have grabbed the most attention because they do a couple important jobs.
Sand Control and Management Strategies in a Low-Permeability Sandstone Oil Field
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 31002, “Lessons Learned From Optimizing Sand Control and Management Strategies in a Low-Permeability Sandstone Oil Field,” by Babalola Daramola, SPE, Propellio, and Chidubem Martins Alinnor, SPE, consultant, prepared for the 2021 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 16–19 August. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2021 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
The complete paper presents lessons learned from optimizing sand control and management strategies for an offshore Nigerian oil field after multiple sanding events and well failures. The authors discuss selection of the previous sand control solution, failure root causes, and remediation options considered.

Introduction
Field E is in a water depth of 500 ft. It features unconsolidated sands interbedded with siltstones and mud rocks, and was developed with five horizontal production wells (A1 through A5), two horizontal water injection wells (W1 and W2), and two gas injection wells (G1 and G2) drilled from an offshore platform.
The produced oil from Field E is exported by pipeline to a storage terminal and exported by shuttle tanker to market. The produced gas is reinjected into the reservoir. Field E achieved first oil production in December 2013 and had produced 43 million STB of crude oil by December 2016 (a current oil recovery factor of 13%).
Field E’s development wells were completed with 13Cr 5.5-in. tubing, permanent bottomhole pressure and temperature gauges, gas-lift valves, and chemical-injection valves for scale and hydrate management.

Initial Standalone Screen (SAS) Selection and Installation
Although core samples were collected from two appraisal wells in Field E, a sand-strength study was not completed before drilling because of existing field analog data and cost-saving reasons. Sand-production prediction was based on the Niger Delta reservoir rule of thumb, which assumes that reservoir sands at depths shallower than 10,000 ft true vertical depth subsea (TVDSS) are unconsolidated and are expected to fail. The target reservoir was at a depth of 9,450 ft TVDSS and was expected to produce sand. Field E’s rock unconfined compressive strength was not measured, with 2,000–8,000 psi assumed based on field analog data. SASs were selected for sand control because most neighboring oil fields used them as well.
The complete paper includes failure root-cause analyses of all four wells; this synopsis will include analyses of Wells A2 and A3.
Pore Scale Study of the Effects of Wettability Alteration on Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Yang Weipeng , Lu Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Drainage displacement at unfavorable viscosity ratios is often encountered in oil recovery process, which significantly limits the oil recovery. Surfactants have been extensively used as wettability modifier to improve the hydrocarbon recovery from rock matrix by imbibition, but little attention has been paid to the use of surfactant-aided wettability alteration to suppress fingering during displacement. In this study, we investigate the surfactant-aided immiscible displacement in oil-wet microfluidic chips. We find that the change of advancing contact angle by surfactant is velocity dependent and stable displacement can be achieved at low velocity when surfactant solution is used at the injection fluid. In comparison, fingering occurs at all capillary numbers for water injection, resulting in low oil recovery. Besides, the generation of oil ganglion during waterflooding and surfactant flooding exhibits completely different characteristics. Our study reveals the pore-scale mechanism of surfactant-aided wettability on the immiscible displacement, which is important for highly efficient oil recovery.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Related Traits of Stalk Lodging Resistance Using Genome-wide Association Studies in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Wu Lifen , Zheng Yunxiao , Jiao Fuchao , Wang Ming , Zhang Jing , Zhang Zhongqin , Huang Yaqun , Jia Xiaoyan , Zhu Liying , Zhao Yongfeng , Guo Jinjie , Chen Jingtang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Stalk lodging is one of the main factors affecting maize (Zea mays L.) yield and limiting mechanized harvesting. Developing maize varieties with high stalk lodging resistance requires exploring the genetic basis of lodging resistance-associated agronomic traits. Stalk strength is an important indicator to evaluate maize lodging and can be evaluated by measuring stalk rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) and stalk buckling strength (SBS). And morphological traits of the stalk for the third internodes length (TIL), fourth internode length (FIL), third internode diameter (TID), and the fourth internode diameter (FID) traits are associated with stalk lodging resistance.Results: In this study, 248 genome-wide association study (GWAS) panel with 83,057 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for six stalk lodging resistance-related traits. The heritability of all traits ranged from 0.59 to 0.72 in the association mapping panel. A total of 85 significant SNPs were identified for the association mapping panel using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values of all traits. Additionally, five candidate genes were associated with stalk strength traits, which were either directly or indirectly associated with cell wall components. Conclusions: These findings contribute to our understanding of the genetic basis of maize stalk lodging and provide valuable theoretical guidance for lodging resistance in maize breeding in the future.
Peripheral Blood Monocyte Abundance Predicts Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Balko Justin , Axelrod Margaret , Wang Yu , Xu Yaomin , Sun Xiaopeng , Bejan Cosmin , González-Ericsson Paula , Nunnery Sara , Berhman Riley , Donaldson Joshua , Guerrero-Zotano Angel , Massa Chiara , Seliger Barbara , Sanders Melinda , Mayer Ingrid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Biomarkers of response are needed in breast cancer to stratify patients to appropriate therapies and avoid unnecessary toxicity. Peripheral blood gene expression and cell type abundance were used to identify biomarkers of response and recurrence in neoadjuvant chemotherapy treated breast cancer patients. Higher peripheral blood monocyte abundance after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved prognosis in multiple independent cohorts of breast cancer patients.
Long-Term Coexistence of Two Invasive Vespid Wasps in NW Patagonia (Argentina)
Authors: Pereira Ana Julia , Masciocchi Maité , Corley Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Patagonia (Argentina) two non-native vespid wasps became established in the last decades. Vespula germanica was first detected in 1980 while V. vulgaris arrived some 30 years later. Both species can have a strong negative impact on agriculture, natural environment and on outdoor human activities. Invasion success -the establishment and spread of a species- may be influenced negatively by the degree of interaction with the resident native community, and alien species already present. The sequential arrival of these two wasps allows us to understand key questions of invasion ecology. Additionally, recognizing the outcome of the invasion by vespids in Patagonia -a region lacking native social wasps-, may help plan species-focused mitigation and control strategies. We explored long term species coexistence through the deterministic Lotka-Volterra competition model, using site-specific field data on prey captured (to estimate niche overlap) and current nest densities in sites. Food items carried by workers were similar but there is some degree of segregation. V. germanica nest density in shared sites, and in sites without coexistence, were 3.14 and 3.5 respectively, being higher for V. vulgaris with 4.71 and 5.33. The model predicts stable co-existence of both species in the invaded range, yet a higher abundance of V. vulgaris should be expected. Added to evidence on other foraging behavioral attributes of both wasp species and the invasion patterns observed in other regions, it is likely that the prior presence of V. germanica does not contribute significantly to the biotic resistance of the invaded range for V. vulgaris
Endophytic fungi facilitate the coexistence of host grasses and neighboring legumes by changing rhizobial abundance
Authors: Fan Xiaowen , Deng Yongkang , Ge Xiaoyu , Dong Ke , Chen Lei , Zhao Nianxi , Gao Yubao , Ren Anzhi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Grass-endophyte and legume-rhizobium symbionts coexist in grasslands. However, the effects of endophyte infection on legume-rhizobium symbionts remain poorly understood, especially in natural grasslands. Methods: In this study, Achnatherum sibiricum - Epichloë endophytes and Medicago ruthenica -rhizobia were selected as materials to investigate whether and how endophyte infection affected the growth of legume-rhizobia symbionts. It was hypothesized that endophytes can facilitate the coexistence of grass-legume systems. Results: The results demonstrated that endophyte infection affected the growth of both rhizobia and M. ruthenica -rhizobia symbionts, and the results depended on rhizobial identity. Endophyte infection inhibited the growth of Mesorhizobium ciceri , which significantly promoted the growth of M. ruthenica , and promoted Sinorhizobium meliloti , which had no significant effect on the growth of M. ruthenica . Endophyte infection also changed the interaction between A. sibiricum and M. ruthenica . When inoculated with M. ciceri , endophyte infection weakened the promoting effect of A. sibiricum on M. ruthenica , while when inoculated with S. meliloti , endophyte infection enhanced the promoting effect. Endophyte infection affected the growth of M. ruthenica -rhizobia symbionts by affecting rhizobia abundance in roots and nitrogen content in plant leaves. Conclusion: In conclusion, endophyte infection was beneficial to biomass accumulation and species coexistence in grass-legume mixed planting systems. In this study, it was proposed that endophyte infection may change the growth of legume-rhizobia symbionts by affecting the growth and nitrogen fixation of rhizobia.
Trends in Cancer Diseases Prevalence by Different Socioeconomic Strata in the United States
Authors: Wang Mingsi , Ma Yi , Zhou Liangru , Cheng Yi , Li Yue , Cheng Pengxin , Sun Chengyao , Liu Guoxiang , Zhang Xin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Income disparity among different socioeconomic strata in the United States has widened sharply in recent decades. Take into account the well-established link between income and health, this widening income gap may provide insight into the dynamics of the cancer disease burden in American adults. Assess the temporal trends of the 20-year predicted absolute cancer risk in American adults at different socioeconomic classes.
Methods

The cross-sectional analyses were carried out using data from adults aged 20 to 85 years between the 1999 and 2018 NHANES. Socioeconomic status was divided into three groups based on the family income to poverty ratio (PIR): high income (PIR ≥ 4), middle income (> 1 and <4), or at or below the federal poverty level (≤ 1).
Results

The analysis included 49 720 participants. The prevalence of lung cancer was lower in high-income participants than in middle-income participants (0.15% [n= 19] vs 0.35% [n= 92], p <0.001). For the low-income stratum, the prevalence of breast cancer was 1.12% [n = 117], but the number of adults in the middle (1.48% [n = 391], p = 0.009) and high-income levels (1.71% [n = 219], p <0.001) has increased.
Conclusions

The study found that the prevalence of cancer diseases was increasingly different among participants of different socioeconomic classes of NHANES from 1999 to 2018. Further research is required on the dynamics and health impact of income inequality, as well as public health policies and efforts to reduce these inequalities.
Preclinical Evaluation and Pilot Clinical Study of Al18F-DX600-BCH for non-invasive PET Mapping of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 in Mammal
Authors: Ding Jin , Zhang Qian , Jiang Jinquan , Zhou Nina , Wang Zilei , Meng Xiangxi , Liu Teli , Wang Feng , Lu Zhihao , Yang Xing , Yang Zhi , Zhu Hua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a transmembrane protein, is the main entry point for certain coronaviruses including the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to enter cells. Synthesizing the PET imaging probe Al18F-DX600-BCH which is high-affinity ACE2 is aim to detect the expression of ACE2 in body and monitor the therapeutic effect. The Al18F-DX600-BCH was obtained manually with a 20.4% ± 5.2% radiochemical yield without attenuation correction and an over 99% purified radiochemical purity, being stable in vitro within 4 hours and cleared rapidly in blood (the half-lives of the distribution phase and clearance phase were 2.12 min and 25.31 min, respectively). Results of both biodistribution and PET imaging showed that Al18F-DX600-BCH was highly accumulated in the kidney (SUVkidney/normal > 50), and specific uptake in testis (SUVtestis/normal > 10) was observed in rat images. The kidney (++), gastrointestinal (++) and bronchial (+++) cells were evidenced of ACE2 positive by IHC staining of rats. A total of 10 volunteers were enrolled and received PET/CT 1 hour and 2 hours after injection or dynamic PET/CT during 0-330 seconds (NCT04542863), from which strong radioactivity accumulation was mostly observed in the genitourinary system (SUVrenal cortex = 32.00, SUVtestis = 4.56), and moderate accumulation in conjunctiva and nasal mucosa for several cases. This work firstly reported the probe Al18F-DX600-BCH targeting ACE2, conducting preliminary preclinical experiments and a total of 10 clinical transformations, which demonstrated the potential and possibility of non-invasive mapping of ACE2. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04542863. Registered 9 September 2020.
The Intra-Annual Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency Dynamics Based on an Improved Model
Authors: Bing Xiaojin , Fang Keyan , Gong Xiaoying , Wang Wenzhi , Xu Chenxi , Li Maihe , Ruan Chaoyue , Ma Weiting , Li Yingjun , Zhou Feifei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The carbon isotope fractionation value (Δ) has been widely used to infer the intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) of C3 plants. Currently, the most commonly used iWUE method (expressed as iWUE tra ) in tree rings assumes that the mesophyll conductance in plants is infinite. However, many observation-based studies have pointed out that such an assumption leads to overestimating the impact of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) on intrinsic water use efficiency in plants. In this study, a constant g s /g m ratio (0.79) was introduced for calculating iWUE (expressedas iWUE mes ). We applied this iWUE mes model to our newly developed intra-annual (10 samples per ring) Δ 13 C chronology of Cryptomeria fortunei tree for 1965–2017 at Gu Mountain Area and our annual Δ 13 C chronology of Pinus massoniana tree for 1865–2014 at Niumulin Natural Reserve in southeast China. Using dendrochronology techniques, our analysis revealed that the current iWUE tra model overestimates the iWUE values by approximately 2 times and that the iWUE value of trees inferred from iWUE mes modelling decreased significantly in summer-autumn time, which may indicate that alternative factors play a role in limiting the degree of iWUE improvement under the drought-stressed forest in southeast China.
Plasma Disinfection: Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Attenuates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding to ACE2 Protein and the RNA
Authors: Khanikar Rakesh Ruchel , Kalita Monalisa , Kalita Parismita , Kashyap Bhaswati , Das Santanu , Khan Mojibur R. , Bailung Heremba , Sankaranarayanan Kamatchi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cold atmospheric pressure (CAP) plasma has a profound effect on protein-protein interactions. In this work, we have highlighted the deactivation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein by CAP plasma treatment. Complete deactivation of spike protein binding to the human ACE2 protein was observed within exposure time of 5 minutes and which is correlated to the higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide formation due to the interaction with the reactive oxygen species present in the plasma. On the other hand, it is established that CAP plasma is also capable of degrading RNA of SARS-CoV-2 virus which is also linked to hydrogen peroxide concentration. Results of this work could be useful in designing plasma-based disinfection systems over those based on environmentally hazardous chemicals-based disinfections.
Allopurinol and Febuxostat Equally Attenuate Methotrexate-Induced Testicular Injury In Rats Via Activation Of EGF/ ERK1/2/HO‐1 Signaling Pathway.
Authors: Rofaeil Remon R , Ibrahim Mohamed A. , Mohyeldin Reham H. , Abdelzaher Walaa Y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used in the management of several malignancies and autoimmune disorders; however, testicular damage is one of the most detrimental effects of MTX administration. In the current study, we evaluated the possible protective effect of xanthine oxidase inhibitors either purine analogue; allopurinol (ALL) or non-purine analogue; febuxostat (FEB) in testicular injury induced by MTX in rats. Gonadotoxicity was induced by a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p.). ALL and FEB were administered orally in the following daily doses (100, 10 mg/kg, respectively) for 15 days. Total and free testosterone were measured in serum. In addition, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), epidermal growth factor (EGF), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), extracellular signal-regulating kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), and nitric oxide (NO) end products were measured in testicular tissues. At the same time, immunoexpression of HO-1in testicular tissue was measured. Histopathological examination was done. ALL and FEB increased total and free serum testosterone. Both drugs showed a significant reduction in testicular MDA, NO, TNF-α levels with an increase in TAC, EGF, and ERK1/2 levels in testicular tissue. Furthermore, both drugs enhanced HO-1 immunoexpression in testicular tissue. All these findings were parallel to the preservation of normal testicular architecture in rats treated with ALL and FEB. In conclusion, All and FEB were protective against testicular damage induced by MTX through anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant actions which might be through activation of the EGF/ERK1/2/HO-1 pathway. At the same time, no significant difference between ALL and FEB was noticed in this protective effect.