bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of Motor Learning Principles Into Virtual Reality Interventions for Individuals With Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review
Authors: Demers Marika , Fung Karen , Subramanian Sandeep K , Lemay Martin , Robert Maxime T 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundIncreasing evidence supports the use of virtual reality systems to improve upper limb motor functions in individuals with cerebral palsy. While virtual reality offers the possibility to include key components to promote motor learning, it remains unclear if and how motor learning principles are incorporated into the development of rehabilitation interventions using virtual reality.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the extent to which motor learning principles are integrated into virtual reality interventions targeting upper limb function in individuals with cerebral palsy.MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search was performed in 10 databases using a combination of keywords related to cerebral palsy, virtual reality, video games, and rehabilitation. Studies were divided into 2 categories: commercial video game platforms and devices and custom virtual reality systems. Study quality was assessed using the modified Downs and Black checklist.ResultsThe initial search yielded 1497 publications. A total of 26 studies from 30 publications were included, with most studies classified as “fair” according to the modified Downs and Black checklist. The majority of studies provided enhanced feedback and variable practice and used functionally relevant and motivating virtual tasks. The dosage varied greatly (total training time ranged from 300 to 3360 minutes), with only 6 studies reporting the number of movement repetitions per session. The difficulty progression and the assessment of skills retention and transfer were poorly incorporated, especially for the commercial video games.ConclusionsMotor learning principles should be better integrated into the development of future virtual reality systems for optimal upper limb motor recovery in individuals with cerebral palsy.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020151982; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020151982
Antibiotic Prescription Rates After eVisits Versus Office Visits in Primary Care: Observational Study
Authors: Entezarjou Artin , Calling Susanna , Bhattacharyya Tapomita , Milos Nymberg Veronica , Vigren Lina , Labaf Ashkan , Jakobsson Ulf , Midlöv Patrik 
Published: March 2021

Background
Direct-to-consumer telemedicine is an increasingly used modality to access primary care. Previous research on assessment using synchronous virtual visits showed mixed results regarding antibiotic prescription rates, and research on assessment using asynchronous chat-based eVisits is lacking.

Objective
The goal of the research was to investigate if eVisit management of sore throat, other respiratory symptoms, or dysuria leads to higher rates of antibiotic prescription compared with usual management using physical office visits.

Methods
Data from 3847 eVisits and 759 office visits for sore throat, dysuria, or respiratory symptoms were acquired from a large private health care provider in Sweden. Data were analyzed to compare antibiotic prescription rates within 3 days, antibiotic type, and diagnoses made. For a subset of sore throat visits (n=160 eVisits, n=125 office visits), Centor criteria data were manually extracted and validated.

Results
Antibiotic prescription rates were lower following eVisits compared with office visits for sore throat (169/798, 21.2%, vs 124/312, 39.7%; P<.001) and respiratory symptoms (27/1724, 1.6%, vs 50/251, 19.9%; P<.001), while no significant differences were noted comparing eVisits to office visits for dysuria (1016/1325, 76.7%, vs 143/196, 73.0%; P=.25). Guideline-recommended antibiotics were prescribed similarly following sore throat eVisits and office visits (163/169, 96.4%, vs 117/124, 94.4%; P=.39). eVisits for respiratory symptoms and dysuria were more often prescribed guideline-recommended antibiotics (26/27, 96.3%, vs 37/50, 74.0%; P=.02 and 1009/1016, 99.3%, vs 135/143, 94.4%; P<.001, respectively). Odds ratios of antibiotic prescription following office visits compared with eVisits after adjusting for age and differences in set diagnoses were 2.94 (95% CI 1.99-4.33), 11.57 (95% CI 5.50-24.32), 1.01 (95% CI 0.66-1.53), for sore throat, respiratory symptoms, and dysuria, respectively.

Conclusions
The use of asynchronous eVisits for the management of sore throat, dysuria, and respiratory symptoms is not associated with an inherent overprescription of antibiotics compared with office visits.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03474887; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03474887
Association Between State Indoor Tanning Legislation and Google Search Trends Data in the United States From 2006 to 2019: Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Heckman Carolyn , Lin Yong , Riley Mary , Wang Yaqun , Bhurosy Trishnee , Mitarotondo Anna , Xu Baichen , Stapleton Jerod 
Published: March 2021

Background
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or indoor tanning is the cause of most skin cancers. Although indoor tanning has decreased in recent years, it remains most common among adolescents and young adults, whose skin is particularly vulnerable to long-term damage. US states have adopted several types of legislation to attempt to minimize indoor tanning among minors: a ban on indoor tanning among all minors, a partial minor ban by age (eg, <14 years), or the requirement of parental consent or accompaniment for tanning. Currently, only 6 US states have no indoor tanning legislation for minors.

Objective
This study investigated whether internet searches (as an indicator of interest) related to indoor tanning varied across US states by the type of indoor tanning legislation, using data from Google Trends from 2006 to 2019.

Methods
We conducted a time-series analysis of Google Trends data on indoor tanning from 2006 to 2019 by US state. Time-series linear regression models were generated to assess the Google Trends data over time by the type of indoor tanning legislation.

Results
We found that indoor tanning search rates decreased significantly for all 50 states and the District of Columbia over time (P<.01). The searches peaked in 2012 when indoor tanning received marked attention (eg, indoor tanning was banned for all minors by the first state—California). The reduction in search rates was more marked for states with a complete ban among minors compared to those with less restrictive types of legislation.

Conclusions
Our findings are consistent with those of other studies on the association between indoor tanning regulations and attitudinal and behavioral trends related to indoor tanning. The main limitation of the study is that raw search data were not available for more precise analysis. With changes in interest and norms, indoor tanning and skin cancer risk among young people may change. Future studies should continue to determine the impact of such public health policies in order to inform policy efforts and minimize risks to public health.
Comparing Smartphone Apps for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine in China: Systematic Search and Content Analysis
Authors: Liu Xiao Hang , Jin Fan , Hsu Jeffrey , Li Di Nan , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2021

Background
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an integral part of mainstream medicine in China, with theories and practices that are completely different from modern medicine. TCM should not be ignored or confused with modern medicine in the analysis of the Chinese health care system, including the analysis of mobile health (mHealth) apps. To date, differences between TCM apps and modern medicine apps have not be systematically investigated.

Objective
The aim of this study was to systematically compare the quality of apps for TCM and modern medicine in China.

Methods
In December 2020, we searched iOS (iTunes) and Android (Tencent, Oppo, and Huawei app stores) platforms for all mHealth apps and then categorized them as TCM or modern medicine apps if they were included in the final analysis. The included apps were downloaded on smartphones and assessed by 2 reviewers on the following 4 aspects: (1) data in the app stores, including user ratings, download counts, cost, target users, and year of last update; (2) functionality; (3) quality of the app content as determined by the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS); and (4) analysis of the app privacy and security.

Results
In total, 658 apps were analyzed, including 261 TCM medicine apps and 397 modern medicine apps. The average download count of modern medicine apps (approximately 5 million) was more than 10 times that of TCM apps (approximately 400,000). Regarding functionalities, 64.7% (257/397) of modern medicine apps provided telemedicine (74/261, 28.4% in TCM apps), 62.7% (249/397) provided registration (70/261, 26.8% in TCM apps), and 45.6% (181/397) provided communication (38/261, 14.6% in TCM apps). A larger proportion of TCM apps provided prescription and medication management (144/261, 55.2% in TCM apps versus 168/397, 42.3% in modern medicine apps). The majority of modern medicine apps (329/397, 82.9%) combined ≥3 functionalities compared with one-third of TCM apps (93/261, 34.6%). We then selected 81 top apps for quality and safety assessment (41 TCM apps and 40 modern medicine apps). Of these, the mean overall MARS score of TCM apps (2.7, SD 0.5) was significantly lower than modern medicine apps (3.6, SD 0.4). Almost all modern medicine apps (38/40, 95%) addressed privacy and security by providing a privacy policy and describing how to protect personal data, but less than half of the TCM apps (18/41, 44%) described this information (P<.001).

Conclusions
The different functionalities reflect the distinct innate characteristics of these two medical systems. Although great progress has been made and the Chinese mHealth market size is large, there still exist many opportunities for future development, especially for TCM.
KLUTUK BANANA (MUSA BALBISIANA COLLA) PEEL FRACTIONS: ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC POTENTIAL
Authors: NOFIANTI TITA , MUHTADI AHMAD , FIDRIANNY IRDA , FUADAH AI SAMROTUL , NURVIANA VERA , RUSWANTO  
Published: March 2021

Objective: The purposes of this research were the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant determination of klutuk banana peel fractions through the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively.
Methods: Klutuk banana peel was extracted by reflux method and followed by fractionation using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents by liquid-liquid extraction method. The statistical analysis used by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey.
Results: The results of OGTT showed that ethyl acetate fraction of klutuk banana peel 14.5 mg/kg bw demonstrated higher activity to decrease blood glucose level compared to the other groups as much-32%,-49%,-47% and-40% at min 30, 60, 90 and 120, respectively. The IC50 of ethyl acetate fraction of klutuk banana peel was 0.3708 µg/ml, and its antioxidant activity index (AAI) 40.45.
Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of klutuk peel presented very strong antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CALLUS TWO VARIETIES ORTHOSIPHON ARISTATUS (BLUME) MIQ ON MURASHIGE AND SKOOG MEDIA: A STRATEGIC STEP OF SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION
Authors: FARAMAYUDA FAHRAUK , MARIANI TOTIK SRI , ELFAHMI  , SUKRASNO  
Published: March 2021

Objective: The research aimed to provide new information regarding the secondary metabolites content of purple and white-purple Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. callus, which can then be used as a basis for developing towards cell suspension and ultimately producing secondary metabolites using bioreactors.
Methods: Callus induction of two varieties of O. aristatus were performed by inoculating sterile leaf explants grown on Murashige and Skoog basal media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetis acid 0.4 ppm. The secondary metabolites were analysed and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with gradient elution.
Results: The results showed the growth of callus two varieties of O. aristatus in growth media MS with 2,4-D 0.4 ppm. Rosmarinic acid content in the acetone extract of the purple variety callus was 1.28% w/w, and the white-purple variety was 2.22% w/w.
Conclusion: This study could form the basis for the development of rosmarinic acid production by In vitro culture modification.
UNRIPE FRUIT OF RUBUS FRAXINIFOLIUS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIELASTASE AGENT
Authors: DESMIATY YESI , ELYA BERNA 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This research aimed to examine the anti-oxidant activity, antielastase activity, and the content of total phenolic and total flavonoid of R. fraxinifolius unripe fruit.
Methods: The dried unripe fruit was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with sequence solvent: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Each extract was determined the anti-oxidant and antielastase activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content.
Result: The result showed the extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) gave anti-oxidant IC50>200; 186.84; and 19.74 ppm, and the ability of elastase inhibition was 6.84+0.9%; 52.23+7.1%; and 57.81+5.5% at 100 ppm, respectively. The methanolic extract contained phenolic 202.2 mg GAE/g extract and flavonoid 43.89 mg QE/g extract.
Conclusion: R. fraxinifolius unripe fruit has shown potential as a DPPH (α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenger and anti-elastase. This study provides an excellent effect to underline the importance of R. fraxinifolius unripe fruit, and it can be developed as nutricosmetics, nutraceuticals, or herbal anti-wrinkle cosmetics.
THE EFFECT OF AMORPHOPHALLUS MUELLERI BLUME AND MORINGA OLEIFERA L LEAVES ON BODY WEIGHT, FEED INTAKE, AND HEPATIC HISTOPATHOLOGY IN MICE
Authors: LAKSMITAWATI DIAN RATIH , MARWATI UMI , SUMIYATI YATI , PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA , SARI INTAN PERMATA 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume and Moringa oleifera L leaf on body weight, food intake, and hepatic histopathology in mice.
Methods: The mice were divided into five groups according to their diet, which includes porang, wheat, porang-moringa, wheat-moringa, and control diet. Each group consists of 5 males and 5 females, which were fed for 28 d, and then analyzed for their body weight, total food intake, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in plasma, and hepatic histopathology.
Results: The result showed that the group of porang and porang-moringa has lower body weight and feed intake, which is significantly different compared to the others. Furthermore, an increase was observed on plasma AST/ALT activities in 30% porang and 20% porang-moringa group. Also, one of the mice of porang group has inflammatory cell infiltration (++) on histopathology results.
Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that feeding containing porang causes low food consumption. Furthermore, weight loss increases AST/ALT and leukocyte infiltration even though a mouse consistently deteriorates.
THE EFFECT OF BLACK CUMIN SEED OIL CONSUMPTION ON CLOTTING TIME, BLEEDING TIME, AND PLATELET COUNTS IN HEALTHY-SMOKER VOLUNTEERS
Authors: AKROM AKROM , RATNASARI NELLY , NIQOTAINI DJATUN 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of consumption of black cumin seed oil (BCSO) on platelet count, clotting time (CT), and bleeding time (BT) in healthy-smoker volunteers (HSV).
Methods: Participants were 39 healthy male smokers aged 18-66 y. Participants were divided into four groups randomly. The treatment group received BCSO for thirties days in 3x1, 3x2, and 3x3 capsules/day doses. The placebo group received a placebo preparation. We measured CT, BT, and platelet count on day 31. An analysis of the mean difference between CT, BT, and platelet counts was performed using one-way ANOVA.
Result: The results showed that the CT, BT, and platelet counts in all groups were within normal. Consumption of BCSO for 30 d did not affect CT, BT, and platelet counts of HSV. The results of the analysis of the mean difference test between groups of CT, BT, and platelet counts indicated that there was no difference with p>0.05.
Conclusion: We concluded that the 30-day BCSO consumption did not affect the CT, BT, and platelet count values in HSV.
IDENTIFYING PROPOLIS COMPOUNDS POTENTIAL TO BE COVID-19 THERAPIES BY TARGETING SARS-COV-2 MAIN PROTEASE
Authors: DEWI LIA KUSUMA , SAHLAN MUHAMAD , PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA , AGUS ALI , AGUSSALIM  , SABIR ARDO 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The study aims to perform molecular docking to examine the interaction between propolis compound and SARS-CoV-2 main protease.
Methods: The protein target of this research was the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with an inhibitor N3 (PDB ID: 6LU7). The ligand of this research was the bioactive compounds from Propolis of Tetragonula aff. biroi.
Results: The results showed that propolis compound which has the potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 protease activity was Sulabiroins A (binding affinity-8.1 kcal/mol), following by (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone acid and broussoflavonol F (binding affinity-7.9 kcal/mol) with binding similarity more than 50% compared to N3-main protease interaction.
Conclusion: Molecular docking showed propolis compounds of Tetragonula aff. biroi potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 main protease activity. The highest binding affinity presented by Sulabiroins A, following by (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone acid and broussoflavonol F, with values of-8.1 kcal/mol,-7.9 kcal/mol, and-7.9 kcal/mol, respectively, with binding similarity more than 50% compared to N3 and SARS-CoV-2 main protease interaction.
HISTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON ARCHIDENDRON BUBALINUM (JACK) NIELSEN.) FROM LAMPUNG, SUMATERA, INDONESIA
Authors: RIASARI HESTI , HARTATI RIKA , ANGGADIREDJA KUSNANDAR , SUKRASNO  
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study was to describe the histochemical and morpho-anatomical of kabau seeds originating from Lampung, Sumatra Indonesia.
Methods: Microscopic anatomical analysis of kabau seeds was carried out on the parts of kabau seeds with an incision as thick as 100 μm. The sample was placed on a glass object and aquadest, glycerin and choral hydrate were added and then covered with a glass cover, then observed under the light microscope equipped with digital camera, and analysis using the S-Viewer program. Histochemical tests are carried out with cross sections, which are colored with the following: Lugol iodine solution; ferric chloride; dragendr of; ninhydrin; K2Cr2O7.
Results: Macroscopic characteristics, neatly arranged cylindrical kabau seeds consisting of five to six seeds on each pod. Yellowish-white kabau seeds are covered in a black seed coat, have a distinctive odor like jengkol or jering, have a slightly bittersweetness and a soft texture. The size of kabau seeds is 2 cm in length and 1.5 cm in diameter. Microscopic results on kabau seeds, an incision in choral hydrate showed visible parts of the epicarpium, pericarpium contained oil sacs and cell nuclei, and endosperm in each part of the sac contained starch grains and oil sac bags that gave off odors to the head, incisions in the drops of aqua dest almost the same as choral hydrate except that the starch grains are more clearly visible and an average diameter of 5,176 μm starch can be calculated.
Conclusion: Histochemical reaction in the Kabau seed incision gave positive results on tannins in the endosperm, positive results for amino acids in the endosperm of purple rice, positive for alkaloids in the epicardium and pericarpium parts; black color throughout the epicardium, pericarpium and endosperm indicates a lot of starch is contained; and there are polyphenols in the endosperm oil sac.
FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND STABILITY STUDY OF FAST DISSOLVING THIN FILM CONTAINING ASTAXANTHIN NANOEMULSION USING HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYL CELLULOSE POLYMER
Authors: NURDIANTI LUSI , SOPYAN IYAN , RUSDIANA TAOFIK 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The present study was conducted to formulate and characterize the thin film containing astaxanthin nanoemulsion (TF-ASN) using Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose (HPMC) polymer as a film matrix system. The stability studies in different storage conditions were also performed.
Methods: Astaxanthin nanoemulsion (As-NE) was prepared by using self-nanoemulsifying method, followed by incorporation into the HPMC matrix system by solvent casting method to forming TF-ASN. Evaluation of TF-ASN was performed by physical and mechanical characterizations. Stability study was carried out in both of accelerated (temperature of 40±2 °C/75±5% RH) and non-accelerated (at ambient temperature) conditions. Assay of astaxanthin in individual TF-ASN was determined compared to pure astaxanthin.
Results: TF-ASN had good physical and mechanical characteristics that suitable for intraoral administration.
Conclusion: For the study of stability under different storage conditions, it was proven that nanoemulsion form was packed in a HPMC matrix could enhance the stability of the astaxanthin.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF PROLANIS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS ON THREE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS IN BANDUNG, INDONESIA
Authors: TANJUNG RIANI , WARDATI YULIA , SAPTARINI NYI MEKAR 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of T2DM patients in community health centers (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Puskesmas) of Rancaekek, Linggar, and Nanjungmekar.
Methods: The medicine was a combination of metformin and glimepiride; the outcome parameter was fasting glucose level, cost components were fee of BPJS class III and transportation cost with the patient's perspective. Pharmacoeconomic method was cost-effectiveness analysis. Respondents were given counseling about the importance of medicine consumption.
Results: There were 60 respondents, which met the inclusion criteria, then grouped by gender (male (15%) and female (85%)) and age (the highest incidence was the range from 56 to 65 y old, 36.67%). The average cost-effectiveness ratio of Prolanis in the Puskesmas of Rancaekek, Linggar, and Nanjungmekar was 1,073, 956 and 1,885 IDR per decreased glucose level, respectively. The statistical analysis of decreased blood glucose was 0.341 and the Prolanis cost was 0.399, which no difference between decreased blood glucose and Prolanis costs in the three Puskesmas.
Conclusions: The Prolanis of Linggar Puskesmas was the most cost-effective compared to the Rancaekek and Nanjungmekar Puskesmas.