bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity of the gastrocnemius elastic system in response to decreased work and power demand during growth
Authors: Cox Suzanne M. , DeBoef Adam , Salzano Matthew Q. , Katugam Kavya , Piazza Stephen J. , Rubenson Jonas 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Elastic energy storage and release can enhance performance that would otherwise be limited by the force–velocity constraints of muscle. Although functional influence of a biological spring depends on tuning between components of an elastic system (the muscle, spring-driven mass and lever system), we do not know whether elastic systems systematically adapt to functional demand. To test whether altering work and power generation during maturation alters the morphology of an elastic system, we prevented growing guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) from jumping. We compared the jump performance of our treatment group at maturity with that of controls and measured the morphology of the gastrocnemius elastic system. We found that restricted birds jumped with lower jump power and work, yet there were no significant between-group differences in the components of the elastic system. Further, subject-specific models revealed no difference in energy storage capacity between groups, though energy storage was most sensitive to variations in muscle properties (most significantly operating length and least dependent on tendon stiffness). We conclude that the gastrocnemius elastic system in the guinea fowl displays little to no plastic response to decreased demand during growth and hypothesize that neural plasticity may explain performance variation.
Repeated stimulation of the HPA axis alters white blood cell count without increasing oxidative stress or inflammatory cytokines in fasting elephant seal pups
Authors: Ensminger David C. , Crocker Daniel E. , Lam Emily K. , Allen Kaitlin N. , Vázquez-Medina José Pablo 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis controls the release of glucocorticoids, which regulate immune and inflammatory function by modulating cytokines, white blood cells and oxidative stress via glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling. Although the response to HPA activation is well characterized in many species, little is known about the impacts of HPA activation during extreme physiological conditions. Hence, we challenged 18 simultaneously fasting and developing elephant seal pups with daily intramuscular injections of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), a GR antagonist (RU486), or a combination of the two (ACTH+RU486) for 4 days. We collected blood at baseline, 2 h and 4 days after the beginning of treatment. ACTH and ACTH+RU486 elevated serum aldosterone and cortisol at 2 h, with effects diminishing at 4 days. RU486 alone induced a compensatory increase in aldosterone, but not cortisol, at 4 days. ACTH decreased neutrophils at 2 h, while decreasing lymphocytes and increasing the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio at 4 days. These effects were abolished by RU486. Despite alterations in white blood cells, there was no effect of ACTH or RU486 on transforming growth factor-β or interleukin-6 levels; however, both cytokines decreased with the 4 day fasting progression. Similarly, ACTH did not impact protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation or antioxidant enzymes, but plasma isoprostanes and catalase activity decreased while glutathione peroxidase increased with fasting progression. These data demonstrate differential acute (2 h) and chronic (4 days) modulatory effects of HPA activation on white blood cells and that the chronic effect is mediated, at least in part, by GR. These results also underscore elephant seals' extraordinary resistance to oxidative stress derived from repeated HPA activation.
A MUDANÇA DE MULTICANAL PARA OMNICHANNEL EM UMA EMPRESA ATACADISTA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Franco Renata De Souza , Maia Leonardo Caixeta de Castro 
Published: September 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o processo de implantação do omnichannel em uma empresa atacadista brasileira, que opera no modelo B2B (Business to Business). Considera-se esta pesquisa como aplicada, com característica qualitativa, por meio de estudo de caso. Adotou-se, como protocolo de pesquisa, um questionário semiestruturado, com validade interna e externa. A originalidade e relevância do manuscrito dar-se-á pela avaliação do canal on-line, e, consequentemente, da complexidade do sistema logístico de distribuição. Os principais resultados encontrados estão relacionados aos mecanismos de estruturação do canal de vendas on-line da empresa e a necessidade de integração com os canais de vendas físicos, sob o ponto de vista dos processos logísticos. Também foi possível identificar e classificar o grau de maturidade da empresa em face do desafio de implementação do B2B no modelo omnichannel. Asseveram-se contribuições teóricas e metodológicas e, adicionalmente, contribuições sociais para o momento de pandemia do COVID-19.
Implementing technology to support the deteriorating patient in acute care: evaluating staff views
Authors: Irons Ashleigh , McPeake Joanne , Stuart John , MacNeilage Shona , Fisher Ann-Frances , Cooper Mark , Johnston Bridget 
Published: September 2021

Background: Early warning scores (EWS) have been widely used to aid in the detection of deterioration. The use of technology, alongside EWS, may improve patient safety and lead to improvements in the accuracy of documentation. Aim: The aim of this service evaluation was to understand nurses' and healthcare support worker views around the implementation of handheld electronic devices for documenting care related to the deteriorating patient. Methods: Before the implementation of an electronic handheld device, in-depth semi-structured interviews with nursing staff and healthcare support workers were undertaken to explore the context for improvement. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to analyse, organise and present data, to ensure systematic inquiry across the range of potential facilitators and challenges perceived by staff. In all, 11 interviews were undertaken across three speciality areas (four wards). Findings: Challenges to the use of new technology included staff apprehension around training and education needs and the uncertainty of technological reliability in the clinical setting. Potential facilitators to support the implementation of this technology were: the potential for improved communication across the individual ward and hospital setting and the potential for more streamlined processes for escalation of concerns. Conclusion: Three main recommendations for practice emerged. First, nurses should be involved in the development of the systems. Appropriate time is required to embed the technology in practice. Finally, thought must be given not just to the absolute number of devices required and their reliability, but also how new technology interacts in each individual context.
Multinational survey on living with an ostomy: prevalence and impact of peristomal skin complications
Authors: Fellows Jane , Voegeli David , Håkan-Bloch Jonas , Herschend Nana Overgaard , Størling Zenia 
Published: September 2021

Background: Peristomal skin complications (PSCs) impair life for people with an ostomy. Visual signs of PSCs include discolouration, but sensation symptoms like pain, itching, and burning are equally important and underreported. Aim: To provide improved understanding of PSC prevalence and associated challenges in the communities of ostomy patients and ostomy care nurses. Methods: The Ostomy Life Study 2019 encompassed a patient survey (completed by 5187 people with an ostomy) and a nurse survey (completed by 328 ostomy care nurses). Findings: In total, 88% of patients experienced PSCs and 75% experienced PSC symptoms in the absence of discolouration. Eighty per cent of nurses considered ostomy-related issues to be the main reason for PSCs, and a correlation between PSC severity and number of nurse consultations was demonstrated. Conclusion: This study revealed a remarkably high PSC incidence in the absence of discolouration and highlighted direct consequences of having compromised skin and the health-economic consequences.
Racial disparities in emergency care for seizures in the United States
Authors: Gaddam Sriman 
Published: September 2021

Background: Racial disparities exist regarding emergency medical services, and advanced life support (ALS) is superior to basic life support (BLS) for patients experiencing a seizure. Aims: This study aims to identify if there are racial disparities regarding access to ALS care for patients having a seizure. Methods: This study analysed 624 011 seizure cases regarding the provision of BLS rather than ALS care per racial group. Chi-square testing was used to check statistical significance and effect size was measured using relative risk. Findings: On average, non-white patients experiencing a seizure had a 21% higher relative risk of receiving BLS care than white patients. The highest disparity concerned American Indian patients, who had a 66% higher relative risk of receiving BLS care than white patients. Conclusions: Overall, non-white patients are less likely to receive ALS when experiencing a seizure than white patients, potentially leading to worse prehospital outcomes from less access to time-critical medications.
Der Einsatz von Virtual-Reality Lernszenarien für Softskills-Trainings
Authors: Zak Karin , Oppl Stefan 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel zeigt den wirkungsvollen Einsatz von Virtual-Reality-Trainings im Softskills-Bereich besonders für Kommunikations‑, Präsentations- oder Verhandlungskompetenzen. Zunächst werden auf die Vorteile im Vergleich zum klassischen Setting eingegangen, wie etwa die Unabhängigkeit von einer physischen Präsenz von Trainingspartnern, was VR-Trainings in Zeiten der COVID-19 Krise noch attraktiver werden lassen. Nachdem auf das Risiko einer kognitiven Überlastung in einer VR-Umgebung eingegangen wird, wird ein Fallbeispiel eines VR-Szenarios im Softskills-Bereich, das in einem österreichischen Unternehmen eingesetzt wird, dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse einer quantitativen Erhebung zeigen, dass die Gestaltung der VR-Lernsequenzen mit einer niedrigen kognitiven Belastung und förderlich für den Lernprozess wahrgenommen wurde. Konkrete Faktoren, die zu diesem Ergebnis führten, wurden in einer anschließenden qualitativen Befragung erhoben. Der Artikel schließt mit Handlungsempfehlungen für den didaktischen Aufbau von VR-Szenarien, die aus den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen unter Einbeziehung einiger Gestaltungsprinzipien aus der Theorie der kognitiven Beanspruchung abgeleitet werden.
MaxEnt distribution modeling for predicting Oreochromis niloticus invasion into the Ganga river system, India and conservation concern of native fish biodiversity
Authors: Singh Atul K. , Srivastava Sharad C. , Verma Pushpendra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In order to assess the distribution pattern and understand the prevailing factors for predicting further expansion of an exotic fish Oreochromis niloticus, this study was undertaken in the Ganga river flowing through the state of Uttar Pradesh using MaxEnt model. The authors report the distribution pattern of O. niloticus and prevailing causative factors mounting the expansion of O. niloticus in the Ganges based on MaxEnt modeling technique. The presence only occurrence data-set for this invasive species was prepared from the field data and also from data collated from the authenticated publications of different fisheries researchers. The data-set was analyzed with environmental and topographical variables typically incorporating seasonal and temporal variability using MaxEnt, a maximum entropy algorithm which showed that the area under curve was much closer to 1 ( 0.999). The model predicted elevation as the most influential predictor variable with permutation importance of 69.2% followed by slope_steepness (10.1%), Tmax_1 (7.3%) and Srad_5 (6.8%). The findings from the results suggest that invasive O. niloticus tend to spread in rivers where elevation is lower as well as slope_steepness of the river is higher and thus indicated that invasion might be higher in the downstream of the river. The model suggests that topography and its derived variable are the most significant predictors for distribution of invasive O. niloticus. The results of this study also confirm that the water qualities of the Ganga river are suitable for O. niloticus and if the model is supplemented with water quality variables data, the influential predictor variable in water quality can be well investigated with permutation importance.
Aesthetics Naturalised: Schlick on the Evolution of Beauty and Art
Authors: Vrahimis Andreas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In his earliest philosophical work, Moritz Schlick developed a proposal for rendering aesthetics into a field of empirical science. His 1908 book Lebensweisheit developed an evolutionary account of the emergence of both scientific knowledge and aesthetic feelings from play. This constitutes the framework of Schlick’s evolutionary psychological methodology for examining the origins of the aesthetic feeling of the beautiful he proposed in 1909. He defends his methodology by objecting to both experimental psychological and Darwinian reductionist accounts of aesthetics. Having countered these approaches, Schlick applies Külpe’s psychological distinction between stimulus-feelings and idea-feelings to collapse the traditional philosophical opposition between the agreeable and the beautiful. Both types of feeling, Schlick argues, result from humans’ adaptation to their environment. Because of this adaptation, feelings that were once only stimuli for action can come to be enjoyed for their own sake. This thesis underlies Schlick’s 1908 argument that art, qua mimesis, is necessarily inferior to aesthetic feelings directed towards the environment. Part of Schlick’s justification for this view is that humans are, through a long evolutionary process, better adapted to their environment than to artworks. Schlick nevertheless concedes that mimetic art can involve ways of abstracting from the objects it copies to produce idealised regularities that are not found in the original. Schlick thus concludes that art teaches its audience how to perceive the world in this abstract and idealised manner. This type of environmental aesthetics constitutes a means for reaching Schlick’s utopian ecological vision of a future in which culture will become harmonised with nature.
Temporality in Renga
Authors: Buck-Albulet Heidi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper highlights time concepts and the organisation and structure of time in the practice of renga, Japanese ‘linked poetry’. As renga is a genre of poetry created in groups, the study will not only focus on the poems themselves (the texts produced), but on the meetings that bring forth the texts (the performance), the manuscripts that are written there (the material) and the social environment in which the performances take place (the setting). By analysing the main features of each of these four areas and focusing on time, change and persistence, I aim to show how closely they are interconnected and also provide the reader with the knowledge necessary to appreciate the complexity of renga as an integral Gesamtkunstwerk. While my focus is on contemporary renga poetry here, I will also consider aspects of its history, which is a vital key to understanding this art.
Design method for curved stayed cable bridges deck directrices for different cable systems
Authors: Bardín Darío Galante , Astiz Suárez Miguel A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the specific case of curved cable-stayed bridges, the horizontal component of the load introduced by the stay cables on the deck is variable, concentric and dependent on the connection configuration between the tower and the cables, becoming a challenge in the design of these type of bridges. Hitherto, designers have dealt with this challenge in different ways, either by optimizing the position of the tower and its geometric characteristics, or by modifying the morphology of the stay cable system. This paper proposes the use of funicular and anti-funicular curves of the horizontal concentric load, introduced by the stay cables, to design the curved deck directrix, reducing lateral forces on the deck under the self-weight hypothesis. For the design of the deck directrix, two different formulations are considered: one discrete by means of summations and the other continuous by means of non-linear differential equations. Both formulations study the two possible signs of the axial force which will govern the design (funicular and anti-funicular curves). A least squares approximation is developed to facilitate the implementation of these formulations. The paper introduces a method to liberate the deck from its most important lateral loads, i.e., the concentric loads introduced by the stay cables. This way, it develops a deck dominated by axial forces instead of lateral ones (Bending moment with vertical axis, Mz, and lateral shear force, Vy), which can be critical for its design and decrease the stay-cable system efficiency. It explains, by different methods, how this directrices vary with different design decisions, so that the designer can develop the directrix that suits his design. Finally, two examples of directrices are given as a conclusion.
The triangle grid, the evolution of layered shells since the beginning of the 19th century
Authors: Meza Edwin Gonzalez 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the evolution of and influence that the use of a triangular grid has had on the transformation of layered grid structures during the last two centuries. Historical facts, technological advances, economic and social crises among other factors influence the process of change and evolution of the grid systems in architecture to make construction processes more efficient by reducing the consumption of materials and qualified labor. Geometry and structure innovate styles and processes that are perfected over the years, achieving lighter and more stable structures. For the purpose of this paper historical data will be collected that allows the development of a theory that shows the influence of various periods based on technological advances. This research shows four historical periods in the evolution of layered grid structures. Being the triangular grid a widely used methodology in the construction of a diversity of geometric proposals and innovative construction systems for the solution of a diversity of buildings from the first domes built in the early 19th century to the free-form structures built from the late 20th century to the present day.
Sudden stop: When did firms anticipate the potential consequences of COVID-19?
Authors: Buchheim Lukas , Krolage Carla , Link Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 hit firms by surprise. In a high frequency, representative panel of German firms, the business outlook declined and business uncertainty increased only at the time when the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic led to domestic policy changes: The announcement of nation-wide school closures on March 13 was followed by the largest change in business perceptions by far. In contrast, the data provides no evidence for the relevance of other potential sources of information on business perceptions: Firms did not learn from foreign policy measures, even if they relied on inputs from China or Italy. The local, county-level spread of COVID-19 cases affected expectations and uncertainty, albeit to a much lesser extent than the domestic policy changes.
Absorbed radiation and kinetic model in photocatalysis by TiO2
Authors: Bayarri Bernardí , Giménez Jaime , Curcó David , Esplugas Santiago 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current work studies a novel and affordable methodology to estimate and quantify the photon flux absorbed and the amount of light that leaves from an illuminated photocatalytic system with TiO2 suspended in water. To achieve it, a new parameter

B
F

S
λ

w
a
t

$BF{S}_{\lambda }^{wat}$

is defined and presented. It indicates, for every wavelength, the fraction of the incoming radiation which is not absorbed by the system.

B
F

S
λ

w
a
t

$BF{S}_{\lambda }^{wat}$

was estimated by means of actinometric experiments in a jacketed reactor and a model based on Beer–Lambert law. For wavelengths below 388 nm and TiO2 concentrations between 0.05 and 2 g L−1, experimental values of

B
F

S
λ

w
a
t

$BF{S}_{\lambda }^{wat}$

were between 0.77 and 0.27. In the second part of the work, a simple kinetic model, which breaks down the effect of incident radiation and kinetic constant, is developed. For this, the photon flux absorbed by TiO2, previously determined, was included in the model. This new model was tested in the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol under different TiO2 concentrations. The kinetic model fits satisfactorily the experimental values and a new kinetic constant
kʹ

ap

[mol·L−1 Einstein−1] was obtained, which is independent of the amount of catalyst loaded to the system. This achievement may be very useful for an easy initial comparison, design or scaling up of different photocatalytic reactors with similar geometry.
Theorems to explore the nature of cyber attacks on power system voltage stability
Authors: Agrawal Aniruddha , Syndor Donnagratia , Momin Dallang M. , Affijulla Shaik 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Smart electric grids are practising flexible, reliable and robust operations during delivery and consumption of power. However, these grids are highly vulnerable to a wide range of cyber attacks due to the deployment of an extensive communication network. In this paper, the nature of cyber attack on given power system based on proposed cyber attack models and theorems is analysed by utilizing steady state voltage stability (L index). Further, a cyber attack factor is introduced which may mislead the bus voltage stability virtually. The proposed cyber attack models and theorems are validated by executing cyber attacks on WSCC 9 bus and IEEE 14 bus test systems by using Siemens PSS/E and MATLAB softwares. Through the proposed theorems, the paper exposes and quantifies the threat of cyber attacks in the electric power grid. The simulation results reveal that the proposed cyber attack models may misrepresent the bus voltage stability, thereby misleading the energy management centre (EMC) operator into taking incorrect countermeasures. The above incorrect actions may force voltage instability which further leads to major interruptions in the electric power supply and possible cascading failure of the electric power grid. Moreover, the proposed theorems and rigorous simulations presented in the paper support the EMC operator in intelligently identifying a cyber attack, thereby enabling development of appropriate corrective actions during such cyber attacks on the smart electric grid. Thus, the concept of proposed methodology could best assist the power system operator to build detection algorithms for discrimination of cyber attacks from electrical faults towards strong electric grid resilience character.