bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Clay-Steel Slag Powder Grouting Material Stone Body
Authors: Song Na , Wang Qingjiang , Wang Chuanwei , Dong Zhen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Through the design of orthogonal experiments, different content of clay, steel slag powder and polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent were mixed into ordinary Portland cement, and the grout was prepared according to different water-cement ratios. The analysis was conducted under standard curing conditions. Stone rate and compressive strength at different ages. The test results show that with the increase of the clay content, the stone rate of the grout consolidation body increases, and the compressive strength decreases. As the amount of steel slag powder increased, the stone rate and compressive strength of the slurry consolidation body decreased.
Research of 3D Simulation of Dangerous Goods Accident in Port
Authors: Geng Jiezhe , Hu Yuchang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Through the analysis of the safety risk of dangerous goods storage and transportation in port, leakage, fire and explosion are the common accident types. The mechanism research of common accidents is carried out to understand the occurrence and development process of accidents, find out the key blocking links, and improve the efficiency of emergency disposal. A three-dimensional numerical simulation scheme of major accidents is proposed, which can simulate the whole development of accidents, and can be used for quantitative risk analysis before accidents and emergency decision-making in the process of accident disposal.
Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on GS-CatBoost Model
Authors: Wang Yan , Sun Xiaoli , Li Guochen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the features of hyperspectral imges with large amount of redundant information of hyperspectral images, small correlation between features and categories, small sample size, and high-dimensions data, a model of hyperspectral image classification based on an improved mRMR band selection method and GS-CatBoost is proposed. First of all, using the mRMR improved by K-L to select the optimal band subset with high correlation between features and category, low redundancy, and large amount of information. Then, the Gabor filter is embedded in PCA and LDA combined dimensionality reduction to complete the extraction of space-spectrum joint features. Finally, using grid search to optimize the CatBoost algorithm to classify the extracted features. Experiments show that the proposed model fully and effectively extracts the space-spectrum joint features of hyperspectral images. In the Salinas Scene dataset, OA is 97.87%, AA is 99.01%, and Kappa coefficient is 0.9763.
The Effect of Ceramsite Replacement Ratio on Frost-Heave Deformation of Power Transmission and Transformation Foundation in Extreme Condition
Authors: Wang Shijun , Li Wanwei , Ping Chang , Wang Dinggang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Under the impact of frost heave and thaw settlement of seasonal frozen soil, freezing pulling and horizontal tilt of piles often occurs. Aim to the above problems, this paper proposed a material using ceramsite replacement concrete as the foundation to reduce heat exchange with atmosphere. The results showed that when the replacement rate of ceramsite is 80%, the density of the blocks is 1896 kg/m3, which is 19.3% lower than that of plain concrete. Also, the addition of ceramsite significantly reduced the thermal conductivity of concrete. The minimum thermal conductivity of tested blocks is 0.524 W/(m.K), which is 58.6% lower than that of ordinary concrete. Meanwhile, the strength of concrete decreased the addition of ceramsite. When the replacement rate is 80%, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are 18.1 and 2.7 MPa, respectively, which are 54.7% and 42.6% lower than that of plain concrete. Taking the climatic environment in the Hexi area as the boundary conditions, a numerical simulation on the design and optimization of the thickness of the insulation system was carried out. It was found that the installation of 2 m insulation concrete can effectively increase the temperature of the soil in extreme environments and avoid frost heave.
Optimization of UAV’s Landing Longitudinal Control under Wind Disturbance
Authors: Qu Wenhui , Zhang Hanqi , Dong Yiwei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Environmental factors have a great influence on the autonomous landing process of UAV. In order to enhance the environmental adaptability of UAV’s landing control, this paper takes a certain high-speed UAV as the research object, analyzes the main causes of the error in UAV’s landing under the wind interference, and puts forward the improvement measures. The object model was built under the Matlab/Simulink platform to simulate the closed loop control system of UAV’s autonomous landing, and the Monte Carlo method was used to verify the robust performance of the control system in the presence of the wind interference. The simulation results show that the improved landing plan can effectively reduce the landing error of UAV under the wind interference and improve the landing accuracy and safety of UAV.
Research on Planning and Design of Mountain Villas Based on Geographic Information System
Authors: He Zuoyu , An Yonggang , Huo Pengfei , Zhang Lisheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of economy, transportation, and culture, people are increasingly eager to return to nature and enrich humanity. As a bridge between nature and humanity, mountain villas are ingeniously integrated with mountains, vegetation, and architecture, forming a new pattern of mutual penetration and mutual construction of architecture and nature, which has become a new trend in the development of modern architectural patterns. This article takes a mountainous area in Shandong Province, China as an example, uses geographic information system to analyze the spatial structure of mountain villas, and conducts planning and design based on the local status quo, which provides the necessary scientific basis for the planning and design of mountain villas.
Power consumption comparison in three experimental circuits for radiation detection
Authors: Abdullah Nor Arymaswati , Mohamad Glam Hadzir Patai , Yussup Nolida , Husna Noor Farhana , Rahman Nur Aira Abd , Sahari Khairul Salleh Mohamed , Jalal Muhammad Fairuz Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Geiger Mueller tube is a longstanding device to detect gamma ray in it range and it still preferred in many radiation detection devices due to robustness in rough environment. The high voltage supply to support Geiger Mueller activation needs a transformer at in order to operate. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of the transformer to get satisfactory and stable high voltage. The transformers were winded manually in few sets with limited size of the bobbin and ferrite core. The transformers were applied into three different circuits to analyse the high voltage. The result of the effectiveness of the transformer and the high voltage of the circuit were discussed.
Study on mechanical and shielding properties of barite colemanite concrete
Authors: Shalbi Safwan , Sazali N , Rosdi Muhammad Aliff Ashraff , Idris Faridah Mohamad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Natural and artificial mineral additives have been frequently used for improving the physical, mechanical and radiation shielding properties of concrete in recent years. However, it was found that the mechanical properties, including hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break, of these radiation shielding blocks were reduced with increasing of the amount of radiation shielding substance mixed in the radiation shielding In this study, the mechanical and shielding properties of concrete mix with barite and colemanite was use in order to produce optimize shielding for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy at the thermal column of Malaysia research reactor. The barite colemanite concrete formulations are based on ASTM standard and each sample was tested with both mechanical and radiation testing. In mechanical testing, the slump test, ultrasonic pulse velocity test and compressive strength test. For instance, the shielding properties of barite colemanite concrete was tested using neutron test using small angle neutron microscopy (SANS) and gamma test using 60Co. The significance of mechanical and shielding test for barite colemanite concrete beneficial for the production of optimize use of barite and colemanite in concrete for high mechanical and high shielding properties for BNCT shielding purpose.
Environmental radio frequency radiation (RFR) safety assessment at the vicinity of telecommunication structures in Malaysia
Authors: Parthasarathy S R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR) from the existing and newly erected telecommunication structures has turned out to be a major public health concern in many countries of the world including Malaysia. The public in general are not only apprehensive about the growing weight of scientific evidence associating health effects to mobile phone use, nevertheless they are also increasingly concerned about the chronic, low-level RFR exposure from the stated structures. The paper highlights the study on the RFR emanated from the antennas installed on the telecommunication structures in Malaysia. The objectives of the study are to determine the level of RFR present and to assess the potential exposure received by the general public at the vicinity of the telecommunication structures. The study encompassed on the assessment of the RFR emitted by the antennas which displayed the results in the power density unit measured in microwatts per square centimeter (μW/cm2) at each identified locations. The results obtained from the study showed that the RFR level present in the area assessed were well below and less than 1% of the reference level for exposure stated in the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) Mandatory Standard and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).
Rainfall runoff modeling for the basin in Bukit Kledang, Perak
Authors: Ibrahim Azmi , Zakaria Norasalwa , Harun Nazran , Hashim Mohd Muzamil Mohd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A fundamental problem in studying a hydrological system is that most of the reaction takes place underground. Precipitation Runoff demonstrating of the Johan River basin was carried out using HEC-HMS technique. The model can improve decision-making about the hydrological problem, whether that be in water resources planning, flood protection and mitigation of contamination. The result shows that the rainfall-runoff model for the Bukit Kledang basin is slow depending on the relative travel time of basin and also associated with soil type, land used, multiple storms and seasonality.
Understanding DNA organization, damage, and repair with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Miriklis Esther L , Rozario Ashley M , Rothenberg Eli , Bell Toby D M , Whelan Donna R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) comprises a suite of techniques well-suited to probing the nanoscale landscape of genomic function and dysfunction. Offering the specificity and sensitivity that has made conventional fluorescence microscopy a cornerstone technique of biological research, SRM allows for spatial resolutions as good as 10 nanometers. Moreover, single molecule localization microscopies (SMLMs) enable examination of individual molecular targets and nanofoci allowing for the characterization of subpopulations within a single cell. This review describes how key advances in both SRM techniques and sample preparation have enabled unprecedented insights into DNA structure and function, and highlights many of these new discoveries. Ongoing development and application of these novel, highly interdisciplinary SRM assays will continue to expand the toolbox available for research into the nanoscale genomic landscape.
Insight into delay based reservoir computing via eigenvalue analysis
Authors: Köster Felix , Yanchuk Serhiy , Lüdge Kathy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper we give a profound insight into the computation capability of delay based reservoir computing via an eigenvalue analysis. We concentrate on the task-independent memory capacity to quantify the reservoir performance and compare these with the eigenvalue spectrum of the dynamical system. We show that these two quantities are deeply connected, and thus the reservoir computing performance is predictable by analysing the small signal response of the reservoir. Our results suggest that any dynamical system used as a reservoir can be analysed in this way. We apply our method exemplarily to a photonic laser system with feedback and compare the numerically computed recall capabilities with the eigenvalue spectrum. Optimal performance is found for a system with the eigenvalues having real parts close to zero and off-resonant imaginary parts.
Chaos and coexisting attractors in replicator-mutator maps
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Archan , Chakraborty Suman , Chakraborty Sagar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mutation is an unavoidable and indispensable phenomenon in both biological and social systems undergoing evolution through replication-selection processes. Here we show that mutation in a generation-wise nonoverlapping population with two-player-two-strategy symmetric game gives rise to coexisting stable population states, one of which can even be chaotic; the chaotic state prevents the cooperators in the population from going extinct. Specifically, we use replicator maps with additive and multiplicative mutations, and rigorously find all possible two dimensional payoff matrices for which physically allowed solutions can be achieved in the equations. Subsequently, we discover the various possibilities of bistable outcomes—e.g., coexistences of fixed point and periodic orbit, periodic orbit and chaos, and chaos and fixed point—in the resulting replicator-mutator maps.
Key Concepts in Private International Law
Authors: Lush Denzil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Private International Law (PIL) deals primarily with the application of laws in space and time to decide the circumstances in which foreign law will apply. The local courts at a particular time are sovereign and can define as they wish, and place a boundary at that or any other time as they think appropriate. Unlike garden fences, the boundaries created by separate countries’ legal systems rarely meet, and can be in different places at different times. Each country has its own separate and distinct Private International Law rules which do not necessarily mesh with the PIL of another state.
Czech Republic
Authors: Mrazek Josef , Ward Adrian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Czech Republic (Czechia) came into existence on 1 January 1993 as a unitary state, upon the peaceful dissolution of the former Czechoslovak Federative Republic, which in turn had been established on 1 January 1969 as a common state of two nations with equal rights and with a history dating back to the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918.
France
Authors: Delas Patrick , Frimston Richard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
France is a unitary republic, divided into ninety-six metropolitan departments, five overseas departments and seven overseas territories. The judicial authority is the third authority referred to in the constitution of October 4, 1958, together with the legislature (Parliament) and the executive (Government). France is a civil law country; its legal system is based on Roman/Napoleonic law and was codified in 1804 (code civil). The code civil applies to all departments and overseas territories with limited exceptions for the latter.
The United States of America
Authors: Dayton Kim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The United States of America is a physically large country, occupying nearly 3.5 million square miles. Its population of more than 321 million persons is distributed unevenly across its physical area, with over half living in a state located on either its east or west coast. It comprises fifty states, two commonwealths, three territories, and a number of island entities variously called possessions or territories. In addition, there are currently 566 federally recognized Native American tribes, each of which has sovereign authority with respect to a limited range of matters. The capitol city of Washington, DC, is an independent district not located within any state; it has a local government and is also subject to federal authority in some areas.
Australia—Victoria
Authors: Keene Alex Ruck , Sealy Mary 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Australia is a common law country. Australia is a federation of five states and two territories. Laws affecting adults in need of protection are generally made at state level. In Victoria, adult protection matters are decided by the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (‘VCAT’) in its Guardianship List. VCAT is the lowest court body—with Magistrates, County, and Supreme Court the hierarchy within the state. The High Court of Australia is the highest appellate court.
Croatia
Authors: Adrian Ward , Ivana Milas Klaric 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Croatia is a civil law country. Substantial reforms to the Croatian adult incapacity regime came into force in 2014 with implementation of the Protection of Persons with Mental Disorders Act (‘PPMD Act’). In parallel, relevant provisions were also introduced when the Family Act came into force in 2014. This chapter has accordingly been written at a time of transition in relevant areas of law.
Iceland
Authors: Ward Adrian , Benediktsdottir Kristin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Iceland is a unitary state. It has a civil law system. There is a two-tier judiciary comprising District Courts and the Supreme Court. These courts deal with adult protection matters. Magistrates have a wide range of responsibilities including carrying out notarial functions, keeping records, serving as the Head of Police in their own districts (except in Reykjavik), and supervising guardians (in the last-mentioned role, ‘guardianship supervisor’).
Historical Introduction
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Before there existed any public control over the use and development of land, landowners were free to use land in any way they wished, subject only to any limitations in the grant under which they held the land and to obligations placed upon them at common law. In essence, therefore, provided an owner acted within the limitation of his estate or interest and committed no nuisance or trespass against his neighbour’s property, he was free to use his land for the purpose for which it was economically best suited. Today, most societies require not only that this freedom be restricted for the public good, but also that the use to which land is put should be determined by the long-term interests of the community as a whole rather than as a consequence of the incidence and spread of individual land ownership.
The Need for Planning Permission 2: Cases of Doubt
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Given the complexities of the definition of development and the difficulties which may arise in deciding whether in any particular case proposed development is permitted development, landowners may be in doubt about whether they need to make an express application for planning permission to the local planning authority before carrying out some activity. In most circumstances there is an opportunity to put the matter beyond doubt.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A requirement for the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of certain major development projects was a result of the first direct impact of European Community law on domestic town and country planning law. Originally promulgated in 1985, Council Directive ‘The Assessment of the Effect of Certain Public and Private Projects on the Environment’ is now in a recast form, as Directive 2011/92/EU. The terms of which have been implemented in England and Wales by the Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017 (SI 2017/571 in England) and (SI 2017/567 in Wales). This chapter will however focus on the English Regulations. There are in fact many sets of statutory provisions which implement different parts of the Directive, dealing with such matters as afforestation projects, highways, harbour works, land drainage, fish farming, and electricity and pipeline works. Where the procedure for the approval of projects requiring environmental impact assessment under the Directive is dealt with under other legislation (eg highways under the Highways Acts), separate subordinate legislation has been introduced. These, however, fall outside the scope of this chapter.
Planning Agreements; Planning Obligations; and the Community Infrastructure Levy
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Planning obligations are a development from the power first given to local planning authorities by s 34 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1932 to enter into planning agreements with landowners for regulating the development or use of their land. From that Act, the power found its way into the Town and Country Planning Act 1947; and thence into the Town and Country Planning Act 1971 as s 52. On the consolidation of planning legislation in 1990, s 52 of the 1971 Act was replaced by s 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 as the new statutory authority for the power to enter into planning agreements. Now, following the passing of the Planning and Compensation Act 1991, the original s 106 of the 1990 Act has been replaced in its entirety by new ss 106, 106A, and 106B which have been inserted into the 1990 Act in its place. The replacement sections also introduced new arrangements and new terminology. From 25 October 1991, the power to enter into a ‘planning agreement’ under the 1990 Act was repealed and replaced by the power to enter into a ‘planning obligation’.
Minerals
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Because of the particular nature and effect of mineral working, special provisions have been considered necessary to control its environmental effects. Following the report of the Stevens Committee on Planning Control over Mineral Working in 1976, the Government decided to implement many of the report’s recommendations, which it did in the Town and Country Planning (Minerals) Act 1981. The main features of that Act, which have now been incorporated in the 1990 Act, were as follows: