bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Stems and
Leaves Flavonoids in Promoting Neurogenesis and Improving Memory
Impairment by the PI3K-AKT-CREB Signaling Pathway in Rats
Authors: Shang Ya-Zhen , Liu Qian-Qian , Ding Sheng-Kai , Zhang Hui 
Published: May 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves flavonoids (SSF) in promoting neurogenesis and improving memory impairment induced by the PI3K-AKT-CREB signaling pathway.

Methods:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was induced in the male Wistar rats by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta peptide 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in combination with aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) and recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1(RHTGF-β1) (composited Aβ). The Morris water maze was used to screen the successful establishment of the memory impairment model of rats. The screened successful model rats were randomly divided into a model group and three groups of three different doses of the drug (SSF). Rats in the drug group were treated with 35, 70, and 140 mg/kg of SSF for 43 days. The Eight-arm maze was used to measure the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rat, including working memory errors (WME) and reference memory errors (RME). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BrdU, an indicator of neuronal proliferation, in the hippocampal gyrus of rats. The mRNA and protein expressions of TRKB, PI3K, AKT, P-AKT, and IGF2 in the PI3K-AKT-CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the rats were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting methods.

Results:
Compared to the sham group, the spatial memory ability of rats with composited Aβ was decreased, the number of WME and RME (P < 0.01) was increased, the expression of BrdU protein (P < 0.01) in the hippocampal gyrus was reduced, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TRKB, AKT, and IGF2 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were lowered, and the mRNA expression level of PI3K (P < 0.01) in the cerebral cortex and the protein expression level of PI3K (P < 0.01) in the hippocampus were augmented. However, compared to the model group, the three-doses of SSF improved memory disorder induced by composited Aβ, reduced the number of WME and RME, increased the expression of BrdU protein in the hippocampal gyrus, and differently regulated the mRNA and protein expressions in composited Aβ rats.

Conclusions:
SSF improved memory impairment and neurogenesis disorder induced by composited Aβ in rats by activating the PI3K-AKT-CREB signaling pathway and up-regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of TRKB, PI3K, AKT, CREB, and IGF2.
Existing Drug Repurposing for Glioblastoma to Discover Candidate Drugs
as a New a Approach
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Xiande , Dong Dong , Pan Yunqing , Wu Junhua , Liu Jianjian 
Published: May 2021

Aims:
Repurposing of drugs has been hypothesized as a means of identifying novel
treatment methods for certain diseases.

Background:
Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive type of human cancer; the most effective treatment
for glioblastoma is chemotherapy, whereas, when repurposing drugs, a lot of time and money can be
saved.

Objective:
Repurposing of the existing drug may be used to discover candidate drugs for individualized
treatments of GB.

Method:
We used the bioinformatics method to obtain the candidate drugs. In addition, the drugs
were verified by MTT assay, Transwell® assays, TUNEL staining, and in vivo tumor formation experiments,
as well as statistical analysis.

Result:
We obtained 4 candidate drugs suitable for the treatment of glioma, camptothecin, doxorubicin,
daunorubicin and mitoxantrone, by the expression spectrum data IPAS algorithm analysis and
drug-pathway connectivity analysis. These validation experiments showed that camptothecin was
more effective in treating the GB, such as MTT assay, Transwell® assays, TUNEL staining, and in
vivo tumor formation.

Conclusion:
With regard to personalized treatment, this present study may be used to guide the research
of new drugs via verification experiments and tumor formation. The present study also provides
a guide to systematic, individualized drug discovery for complex diseases and may contribute
to the future application of individualized treatments.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Pemasaran Produk Pertanian berbasis Website
Authors: Tandirerung Veronika Asri , Syahrul Syahrul , Padil Achmad 
Published: May 2021

Pengembangan sistem informasi pemasaran produk pertanian (SIPTANI) dibutuhkan untuk membantu para petani dalam memasarkan produk-produk pertanian khususnya di era pandemic Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan sistem dengan model pengembangan prototype dengan studi kelayakan menggunakan standar ISO 9126. Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan pengisian kuesioner oleh responden. Hasil pengujian aplikasi diperoleh dengan menganalisis aspek-aspek pada functional suitability, usability, compatibility, dan portability. Pada aspek functional suitability berada pada kategori layak diterima. Pada aspek usability, kategori sangat setuju memiliki dengan persentase 90%, sehingga aplikasi dinyatakan layak dan ditanggapi baik oleh pengguna. Pada aspek compatibility, sistem pemasaran pertanian ini dapat berjalan dengan baik. Pada aspek portability, aplikasi sistem permasaran pertanian dapat berjalan dengan baik.
Perspectives and Preferences of Adult Smartphone Users Regarding Nutrition and Diet Apps: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Vasiloglou Maria F , Christodoulidis Stergios , Reber Emilie , Stathopoulou Thomai , Lu Ya , Stanga Zeno , Mougiakakou Stavroula 
Published: May 2021

Background
Digital technologies have evolved dramatically in recent years, finding applications in a variety of aspects of everyday life. Smartphones and mobile apps are being used for a steadily increasing number of tasks, including health monitoring. A large number of nutrition and diet apps are available, and some of them are very popular in terms of user downloads, highlighting a trend toward diet monitoring and assessment.

Objective
We sought to explore the perspectives of end users on the features, current use, and acceptance of nutrition and diet mHealth apps with a survey. We expect that this study can provide user insights to assist researchers and developers in achieving innovative dietary assessments.

Methods
A multidisciplinary team designed and compiled the survey. Before its release, it was pilot-tested by 18 end users. A 19-question survey was finally developed and was translated into six languages: English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Greek. The participants were mainly recruited via social media platforms and mailing lists of universities, university hospitals, and patient associations.

Results
A total of 2382 respondents (1891 female, 79.4%; 474 male, 19.9%; and 17 neither, 0.7%) with a mean age of 27.2 years (SD 8.5) completed the survey. Approximately half of the participants (1227/2382, 51.5%) had used a nutrition and diet app. The primary criteria for selecting such an app were ease of use (1570/2382, 65.9%), free cost (1413/2382, 59.3%), and ability to produce automatic readings of caloric content (1231/2382, 51.7%) and macronutrient content (1117/2382, 46.9%) (ie, food type and portion size are estimated by the system without any contribution from the user). An app was less likely to be selected if it incorrectly estimated portion size, calories, or nutrient content (798/2382, 33.5%). Other important limitations included the use of a database that does not include local foods (655/2382, 27.5%) or that may omit major foods (977/2382, 41%).

Conclusions
This comprehensive study in a mostly European population assessed the preferences and perspectives of potential nutrition and diet app users. Understanding user needs will benefit researchers who develop tools for innovative dietary assessment as well as those who assist research on behavioral changes related to nutrition.
The Roles of General Health and COVID-19 Proximity in Contact Tracing App Usage: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Witteveen Dirk , de Pedraza Pablo 
Published: May 2021

Background
Contact tracing apps are considered useful means to monitor SARS-CoV-2 infections during the off-peak stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Their effectiveness is, however, dependent on the uptake of such COVID-19 apps.

Objective
We examined the role of individuals’ general health status in their willingness to use a COVID-19 tracing app as well as the roles of socioeconomic characteristics and COVID-19 proximity.

Methods
We drew data from the WageIndicator Foundation Living and Working in Coronavirus Times survey. The survey collected data on labor market status as well as the potential confounders of the relationship between general health and COVID-19 tracing app usage, such as sociodemographics and regular smartphone usage data. The survey also contained information that allowed us to examine the role of COVID-19 proximity, such as whether an individual has contracted SARS-CoV-2, whether an individual has family members and colleagues with COVID-19, and whether an individual exhibits COVID-19 pandemic–induced depressive and anxiety symptoms. We selected data that were collected in Spain, Italy, Germany, and the Netherlands from individuals aged between 18 and 70 years (N=4504). Logistic regressions were used to measure individuals’ willingness to use a COVID-19 tracing app.

Results
We found that the influence that socioeconomic factors have on COVID-19 tracing app usage varied dramatically between the four countries, although individuals experiencing forms of not being employed (ie, recent job loss and inactivity) consistently had a lower willingness to use a contact tracing app (effect size: 24.6%) compared to that of employees (effect size: 33.4%; P<.001). Among the selected COVID-19 proximity indicators, having a close family member with SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with higher contact tracing app usage (effect size: 36.3% vs 27.1%; P<.001). After accounting for these proximity factors and the country-based variations therein, we found that having a poorer general health status was significantly associated with a much higher likelihood of contact tracing app usage; compared to a self-reported “very good” health status (estimated probability of contact tracing app use: 29.6%), the “good” (estimated probability: +4.6%; 95% CI 1.2%-8.1%) and “fair or bad” (estimated probability: +6.3%; 95% CI 2.3%-10.3%) health statuses were associated with a markedly higher willingness to use a COVID-19 tracing app.

Conclusions
Current public health policies aim to promote the use of smartphone-based contact tracing apps during the off-peak periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. Campaigns that emphasize the health benefits of COVID-19 tracing apps may contribute the most to the uptake of such apps. Public health campaigns that rely on digital platforms would also benefit from seriously considering the country-specific distribution of privacy concerns.
Reflexões sobre a representação dos territórios marginalizados no cinema nacional: cultura popular e identidades
Authors: Postali Thífani , Akhras Fabio Nauras 
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a representação dos territórios marginalizados no cinema brasileiro, especialmente no gênero documentário, que tem como proposta asserções sobre realidades. A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, procuramos problematizar as representações sociais presentes no cinema nacional e apontar a necessidade de conteúdos que possam contribuir para produções que busquem retratar esses espaços de maneira menos taxativa e mais ética, voltadas para as realidades locais em seus vários aspectos. Assim, apresentamos o hip hop como um objeto cultural identitário que pode ser representado pelo cinema de modo que a produção audiovisual possa contribuir para a ressignificação desses espaços marginalizados, oferecendo subsídios para a valorização da cultura popular urbana.
Consequences of Mutations in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) Genome in Comparison to Other Pathogenic Coronaviruses
Authors: Agabi Yusuf Amuda , Shittu Ismaila , Amagon Kennedy Iliya , Damen James Garba , Kutshik Richard Joseph , Ajima Ukpe , Bukar Bukakata Bayero , Falang Kakjing Dadul , Longdet Ishaya Yohanna , Gomerep Simji Samuel , Davou Stephen Daniel , Kolawole Jacob Adegboyega , Wannang Noel Nen’man 
Published: May 2021

Background: Late December 2019, an unknown incidence of Pneumonia was observed among some residents of Wuhan city, China. The disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared as a pandemic by the WHO on the March 11th, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO) has resulted to the death of million people across the globe. Prior to the current COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), two other outbreaks of coronaviruses namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been experienced within the last few decades. This review looks at the unique characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 to the other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) and its significance(s) in the control strategies including diagnostics.
Materials and Methods: Using the keywords “coronavirus mutation”, “nucleotide substitution”, “coronavirus evolution”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19” published literatures on coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 were retrieved from MEDLINE and reviewed for gaps and current knowledge as it relates to evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
Results: In comparison with seasonal flu, investigations revealed that SARS-CoV-2 mutates less rapidly which provides an edge in the possible development of a long-lasting vaccine to combat the spread of the virus. Though, several mutations in the genome of the virus with dire consequences on the diagnostics have been identified.
Conclusions: The unique importance of mutation as a mechanism of survival for viruses cannot be overemphasized. Several mutations have been observed in SARS-CoV-2 genome whose implications as regards diagnostics and control measures have been highlighted herein.
Occurrence of Mixed Infection of Tick-Borne Haemoparasite of Cattle in Selected Abattoirs in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Atsuwe T. S. , Amuta E. U. , Imandeh G. N. , Azua E. T. 
Published: May 2021

A study on the occurrence of mixed infection of tick-borne haemoparasite of cattle in selected abattoirs in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria was carried out. Blood sample were collected randomly from a total of 216 cattle slaughtered at abattoir in both dry and wet season at Wurukum abattoir, Wadata abattoir, Modern Market Abattoir, Cattle Market Abattoir North Bank, Cattle Market North Bank and University of Agriculture cattle farm, Makurdi and analyzed using Microscopic method by thin blood film. Horn method was used to determine the age of the examined cattle and the collected data was analyzed using T-test, p values at ≤ was considered statistically significant. The result showed that the rate of infection was seen to increase progressively in cattle of age 6–7 through age 10–11 with the highest prevalence recorded in age 10–11 in dry season and the lowest percentage of infection recorded in age 2–3 and cattle of age 0–1 showed the highest (27(75.00 %)) rate of infection while age 6–7 showed the lowest rate of infection in wet season. But the difference was not statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05). Male cattle recorded a non statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05) higher (53.13 %) occurrence of infection while female recorded a lower occurrence of 50.0 %.
The result of mixed infection revealed the occurrence of Bebesia, Anaplasmamaginal, Anaplasma central and Theileria. 100 % of mixed infection of Bebesia&Anaplasmamaginal and Anaplasma central and Anaplasmamaginaloccurred in West African Dwarf cattle and Sokoto gudali respectively. There was no occurrence of mixed infection of Theileria and Anaplasma central across all the examined species of cattle. White Fulani recorded mixed infection of Anaplasma central&Anaplasmamaginal, Bebesia&Anaplasma central and Bebesia&Anaplasmamaginal of 4(30.8 %), 4(30.8 %) and 5(38.5 %) percent respectively.Muturu species did not record any occurrence of mixed infection of tick borne haemoparasite.The result of the study shows that mixed infection of tick-borne haemoparasite infection are very high and common among cattle hence, preferences should be given to inspection of older male cattle and optimal management of all ruminant animals against ticks and tick-borne related infection.
Separation of powers as a principle of organization and activities of executive authorities in the Russian Federation
Authors: Goncharov Vitaly Viktorovich , Shpinev Iurii S. , Stepanova Diana I. , Malinovsky Oleg N. , Balashenko Sergey A. , Zalesny Jacek 
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to constitutional analysis of the most important principle of organization and activity of executive authorities in the Russian Federation - separation of powers. The authors developed and justified the concept of an expanded understanding of the principle of separation of powers, with its reduction not only to the functional separation of state power between various levels of government (including within the executive branch), but with the development of a mechanism of checks and balances and the need to change the constitutional balance of priorities of the branches of government.
Public control over the observance of the rights and freedoms of minors in Russia
Authors: Goncharov Vitaly Viktorovich 
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems associated with the organization and implementation of public control over the observance of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of minors in the Russian Federation. The article has developed and justified a system of measures for the full organization and implementation of public control over the observance of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of minors in Russia.
Social development in the philosophy of global constitutionalism
Authors: Goncharov Vitaly Viktorovich , Balashenko Sergey A. , Pukhov Artem A. , Mikhaleva Tatiana N. , Vasilevich Grigory A. , Shaklein Viktor M. 
Published: May 2021

The fundamental laws of social development are investigated in the interpretation of the concept of global constitutionalism. The author concludes that social development within the framework of the philosophy of global constitutionalism is entirely subordinate to the logic of the preservation and development of the world capitalist system, which allows to preserve power and property in the hands of global governing elites in the person of the global governing class. Research objective: to analyze social development in the interpretation of the socio-philosophical concept of global constitutionalism, to constitute its fundamental laws. Object of research: the phenomenon of globalization of socio-political, state-legal and financial-economic development of national societies and states as a phenomenon of social reality, highlighted in the social concept of global constitutionalism. Subject of research: theoretical content of social development in the interpretation of the philosophy of global constitutionalism in relation to its social essence.
Federalism as a principle of organization and activity of executive authorities in the russian federation: socio-economic and legal analysis
Authors: Goncharov Vitaly Viktorovich , Shpinev Iurii S. , Magomedov Shikhtimer B. , Bareeva Rumiia , Nayanov Evgeny A. , Stepanova Diana I. 
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the most important principle of organization and activity of executive authorities in the Russian Federation - federalism. Russia is a federal democratic state with a republican form of government. In this regard, the authors have developed and justified proposals for implementing the principle of federalism in the organization and operation of the system of executive authorities.
Two Suns? The Algorithmic State: The Bones of the Argument
Authors: Cleave Peter 
Published: May 2021

The argument in the last part of the Two Suns? series was summed up as follows. There are several spaces or forms of space involved; territorial space, outer space, cyberspace and living space, And there is data to be found and owned in each of these spaces. That data may be processed using algorithms in each space and across all spaces.
The argument has been developed as follows. In Part One, the bones, at least some of them, of the argument in the series may be seen in the title,
Two Suns? The State of Amazon? Bezonomics, market control and the algorithmic state. Books by Brian Dumaine and Rob Hart, Bezonomics and The Warehouse respectively, were the jump off points for the discussion along with earlier work by me on incipient states. I asked about Amazon:
Is it an entity that now has a force, a scale, an ethic and a set of borders that speaks of a state-like situation wherein people rely and trust Amazon to fulfil their needs?
COVER CROPS AND SOIL-BORNE FUNGI DANGEROUS TOWARDS THE CULTIVATION OF Daucus carota L.
Authors: Patkowska Elżbieta 
Published: May 2021

The principles of good agricultural and horticultural practice, which considers both environmental protection and high yielding of plants, require modern methods of cultivation. Cover crops are used in the cultivation of various plants, including root vegetables such as carrot. The purpose of field and laboratory studies was to determine the effect of selected cover crops on the healthiness of carrot (Daucus carota L.). The field experiment took into consideration cover crops such as spring rye, white mustard, buckwheat, fodder sunflower and two systems of soil tillage, i.e.: tillage before winter (ploughing) + spring tillage (a combined cultivator) and only spring tillage (a combined cultivator). In each experimental treatment, the number and healthiness of carrot seedlings were determined. A laboratory mycological analysis made it possible to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi infecting the underground parts of carrot. Good emergencies and the healthiness of carrot plants were observed in the objects with rye and white mustard as cover crops. The cultivation system had no significant effect on the proportion of diseased seedlings of carrot. Rye and white mustard were more effective than buckwheat and sunflower in limiting the occurrence of fungi pathogenic towards carrot. Diseased seedlings and roots after harvest of carrot were most frequently colonized by Altenaria alternata, A. chartarum, A. dauci, A. radicina, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium spp.