bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of CTLA-4 rs231775 and rs3087243 Polymorphisms With Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Pang Haipeng , Luo Shuoming , Huang Gan , Li Xia , Xie Zhiguo , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPolymorphisms rs231775 and rs3087243 of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene have been associated with risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). However, the results were inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the relationship between polymorphisms rs231775 and rs3087243 of CTLA-4 and LADA in a larger pooled population by performing a meta-analysis. MethodsSystematic search for eligible studies was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Case-control studies containing genotype frequencies of polymorphisms rs231775 or rs3087243 of CTLA-4 gene were selected, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the associations between polymorphisms of CTLA-4 and LADA in allelic genetic model, dominant genetic model, and recessive genetic model. ResultsA total of eleven studies, in which five studies reported rs231775, two studies reported rs3087342, and four studies reported both rs231775 and rs3087243, were identified. Among them, one study wasn’t included in the following meta-analysis because the distribution of genotypes in the control group didn’t comply with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Significant associations with susceptibility to LADA were detected for rs231775 (785 cases and 3435 controls, allelic genetic model OR 1.53, 95%CI 1.22-1.92; dominant genetic model OR 2.16, 95%CI 1.43-3.28; recessive genetic model OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.13-1.97) and for rs3087243 (820 cases and 4824 controls, allelic genetic model OR 1.26, 95%CI 1.03-1.55; dominant genetic model OR 1.11, 95%CI 0.88-1.40; recessive genetic model OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.07-1.86) in overall population. Further subgroup analyses for ethnicity (Asian, Caucasian, and African) have also indicated the positive association between rs231775 and LADA. As for rs3087243, subgroup analyses detected the association between polymorphism and LADA in Caucasian population under recessive model. ConclusionsPolymorphisms rs231775 and rs3087243 of CTLA-4 gene are potential risk factors for LADA and may serve as novel genetic biomarkers of LADA.
Shape adaptive IRS Enhanced SAG IoT Network
Authors: Qi Fei , Li Wenjing , Yu Peng , Feng Lei , Zhou Fanqin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
6G technology connects physical and digital, and ubiquitous 6G services will provide convenience to users around the world. The concept of the world-earth integrated network is to seamlessly integrate these three subnets to better adapt to future development. This article introduces the world-earth integrated network and shapeadaptive IRS antenna technology. The shape-adaptive IRS antenna described in this article is made of flexible materials, and the physical shape of the antenna can be changed according to different situations, and specific radiation beams can be generated according to functional requirements. And the effectiveness of the shape-adaptive IRS antenna technology has been proven in the simulation results.
A case-control clinical trial on the diagnostic performance for Alzheimer’s Disease of a deep learning-based classification system using brain magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bae Jong Bin , Lee Subin , Oh Hyunwoo , Sung Jinkyeong , Lee Dongsoo , Han Jiwon , Kim Jun Sung , Kim Jae Hyoung , Kim Sang Eun , Kim Ki Woong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective

To investigate diagnostic performance of a deep learning-based classification system using structural brain MRI (DLCS) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Methods

A single-center, case-control clinical trial was conducted. T1-weighted brain MRI scans of 188 patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to AD and 162 cognitively normal controls were retrospectively collected. The patients were amyloid beta (Aβ)-positive, whereas the controls were Aβ-negative, on 18F-florbetaben positron emission tomography. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated to evaluate the performance of DLCS in the classification of Aβ-positive AD patients from Aβ-negative controls.
Results

The DLCS was excellent in classifying AD patients from normal controls; sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AD were 85.6% (95%CI, 79.8–90), 90.1% (95%CI, 84.5–94.2), 91.0% (95%CI, 86.3–94.1), 84.4% (95%CI, 79.2–88.5), and 0.937 (95%CI, 0.911–0.963), respectively.
Conclusion

The DLCS shows promise in clinical settings where it may improve early detection of AD in any individual who has undergone an MRI scan regardless of purpose.
Trial registration:

Korean Clinical Trials Registry, KCT0004758. Registered 21 February 2020, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/17665.
Antitumor Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Hormonotoxin, an LHRH Analog Conjugated to Dermaseptin-B2, a Multifunctional Antimicrobial Peptide
Authors: COUTY Mickael , DUSAUD Marie , MIRO-PADOVANI Mickael , ZHANG Liuhui , ZADIGUE Patricia , ZARGARIAN Loussiné , LEQUIN Olivier , TAILLE Alexandre DE LA , DELBE Jean , HAMMA-KOURBALI Yamina , AMICHE Mohamed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Prostate cancer represents the most common cancer in men. For patients with advanced or metastatic form, treatments will be able to slow down the progression but cannot cure it even with the used of new targeted therapies. In this context, the development of innovative drugs resulting from the exploration of biodiversity could open new therapeutic alternatives. Dermaseptin-B2 (DRS-B2), a natural multifunctional antimicrobial peptide isolated from the Amazonian frog skin, has been reported to possess antitumor and antiangiogenic activities. To improve DRS-B2 pharmacological properties and target prostate tumor cells more specifically, we have developed a chimeric molecule, called Hormonotoxin (H-B2) which is composed of a DRS-B2 combined with a hormonal analog, d-Lys6-LHRH, to target LHRH-Receptor which is overexpressed in more than 85% of prostate cancers. In vitro H-B2 has a significant antiproliferative effect on the PC3 tumor cell line, with an IC50 value close to that of DRS-B2. The antitumor activity of H-B2 was confirmed in vivo in mouse model xenografted with PC3 tumors and appears to be better tolerated than DRS-B2. Biophysical experiments showed that the addition of the hormonal analog to DRS-B2 did not alter either its secondary structure or its biological activity. Combination of different experimental approaches indicated that H-B2 induces cell death by an apoptotic mechanism whereas DRS-B2 was shown to induce it by necrosis. These results could explain the H-B2 less toxicity compared to DRS-B2. H-B2 represents a promising targeting approach for cancer therapy.
Effects of 6-week Traditional and Functional Resistance on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Young Men
Authors: Zuo Chongwen , Li Qing , Zhang Li , Bo Shumin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
(1) Background: The present study attempted to determine and compare the vascular impact of traditional and functional resistance training on arterial stiffness. (2) Methods: The present study was conducted in 29 untrained healthy young males aged 18–29 years who were randomly divided into two groups, namely traditional resistance training (TRT, n = 15) and functional resistance training (FRT, n = 14). All subjects underwent numerous tests before and after the 6-week training such as body composition, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), blood pressure, heart rate, and maximal strength. The exercise training comprised whole-body strength training exercises 3 days a week for 6 weeks. The total training volume and number of sets (4–5 sets) were kept constantly similar in each group. The TRT group completed 4–5 sets of 8–12 repetitions [70% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM)], whereas the FRT group completed 4–5 sets of 15–22 repetitions (40–50% of 1RM). (3) Results: After the 6-week intervention, lean body mass (TRT: Pre: 59.5 ± 5.4 kg; Post: 60.4 ± 4.9 kg vs. FRT: Pre: 57.7 ± 6.7 kg; Post: 58.8 ± 5.9 kg) significantly increased in both TRT and FRT groups, whereas body fat (TRT: Pre: 18.8% ± 5.8%; Post: 16.5% ± 5.3% vs. FRT: Pre: 16.7% ±4.6%; Post: 15.3% ± 4.7%), R-CAVI (TRT: Pre: 6.2 ± 0.6 m/sec; Post: 5.7 ± 0.6 m/sec vs. FRT: Pre: 5.9 ± 0.5 m/sec; Post: 5.3 ± 0.6 m/sec), and L-CAVI (TRT: Pre: 6.2 ± 0.6 m/sec; Post: 5.7 ± 0.6 m/sec vs. FRT: Pre: 6.0 ± 0.6 m/sec; Post: 5.4 ± 0.6 m/sec) decreased. Additionally, the maximal strength increased significantly in both the groups (p < 0.01). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. (4) Conclusions: A similar training volume of TRT and FRT with unstable surface significantly decreased body fat and arterial stiffness and improved lean body mass and maximal muscle strength in young men.
Early Gene Expression Response of Barley Root Tip to Toxic Concentrations of Cadmium
Authors: Liptáková Ľubica , Demecsová Loriana , Valentovičová Katarína , Zelinová Veronika , Tamás Ladislav 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Even a short, 30 min, Cd treatment of roots induced a considerable alteration in gene expression in the barley root tips within an hour after the treatments. The very early activation of MYB1 transcription factor expression is partially regulated by auxin signaling in mildly stressed seedlings. An increase in allene oxide cyclase and NADPH oxidase expression was a distinguishing feature of root tips response to mild Cd stress and their expression is activated via IAA signaling. Meanwhile, early changes in the level of dehydrin transcripts were detected in moderately and severely stressed root tips, and their induction is related to altered ROS homeostasis in cells. The early activation of glutathione peroxidase expression by mild Cd stress indicates the involvement of IAA in the signaling process. In contrast, early APX expression was induced only with Cd treatment causing severe stress and ROS play central roles in its induction. The expression of cysteine protease was activated similarly in both mildly and severely Cd-stressed roots; consequently, both increased IAA and ROS levels take part in the regulation of C-Prot expression. The Cd-evoked accumulation of BAX Inhibitor-1 mRNA was characteristic for moderately and severely stressed roots. Whereas decreased IAA level did not affect its expression, rotenone-mediated ROS depletion markedly reduced the Cd-induced expression of BAX Inhibitor-1. An early increase of alternative oxidase levels in the root tip cells indicated that the reduction of mitochondrial superoxide generation is an important component of barley root response to severe Cd stress.
Application of an Improved Clustering Approach on GPS Height Time Series at CMONOC Stations in Southwestern China
Authors: Wu Shuguang , Li Zhao , Li Houpu , Nie Guigen , Liu Jingnan , He Yuefan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The hydrological, geological and meteorological conditions in southwestern China are relatively complex, so that the land surface deformation presents various features. Aiming at 58 Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) stations across four provinces in Southwestern China, we adopt an improved clustering algorithm to classify 49 stations into 12 clusters with different similarity levels. Our results show that the average annual signals of GPS stations within each cluster have strong consistency, while obvious differences exist among the 12 clusters, indicating that clustering algorithm helps to describe surface deformation features more accurately in regions with complex conditions. We then combine other earth observation techniques, such as the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite datasets and surface loading models (SLM), and observe that GPS, GRACE and SLM have strong correlation in their monthly displacement series at GPS stations. After excluding non-clustered stations according to our previous clustering results, the correlation coefficients of GPS/GRACE and GPS/SLM are enhanced. Also, the RMS reduction rates of GPS coordinate time series have been improved after deducting displacements obtained from GRACE and SLM, thus the clustering algorithm proves to be effective in improving the consistency of three techniques in joint detection of surface deformation. Moreover, the vertical displacements of four riverside GPS stations in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area show significant negative correlation with water level of TGR, hence we conclude that the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) may directly affect the consistency of GPS annual signals of its upstream and downstream GPS stations.
Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio as a New Predictor of In-hospital Mortality in Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Zhai Guangyao , Zhang Biyang , Wang Jianlong , Liu Yuyang , Zhou Yujie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: It has been discovered that both inflammation and platelet aggregation could cause crucial effect on the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. As a combination of platelet and lymphocyte, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was proved to be correlated with the severity as well as prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Exploring the relationship between PLR and in-hospital mortality in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients was the purpose of this study. Method: PLR was calculated by dividing platelet count by lymphocyte count. All patients were grouped by PLR quartiles and the primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The independent effect of PLR was determined by binary logistic regression analysis. The curve in line with overall trend was drawn by local weighted regression (Lowess). Subgroup analysis was used to determine the relationship between PLR and in-hospital mortality in different subgroups. Result: We included 5577 CICU patients. As PLR quartiles increased, in-hospital mortality increased significantly (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: 13.9 vs 8.3, P <0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, PLR was proved to be independently associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: OR, 95% CI: 1.99, 1.46-2.71, P<0.001, P for trend <0.001). The Lowess curves showed a positive relationship between PLR and in-hospital mortality. The subgroup analysis revealed that patients with low Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) or with less comorbidities had higher risk of mortality for PLR. Further, PLR quartiles had positive relation with length of CICU stay (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: 2.7, 1.6-5.2 vs 2.1, 1.3-3.9, P<0.001), and the length of hospital stay (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: 7.9, 4.6-13.1 vs 5.8, 3.3-9.8, P<0.001). Conclusion: PLR was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in CICU patients.
The miR-125a-3p is Associated With Leprosy Phenotypes and Correlated With Bacillary Index
Authors: Santana Nadja de Lima , Lago Tainã Souza do , Vieira Thaillamar Silva , Leal-Calvo Thyago , Machado Paulo Roberto Lima , Castellucci Léa Cristina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. Mycobacterium leprae infects skin and peripheral nerves causing a broad of clinical forms. Data have shown that the miR-125a-3p can influence immune mechanisms such as autophagy as well as to target genes leading to abnormal proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of cells. Methods. Here we used quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) to evaluate the miR-125a-3p expression pattern as a marker for leprosy phenotypes in biopsies obtained from patients with and without reactions. Data were analysed according to clinical forms and bacillary index (BI). Results. Our results show a significant increase in the miR-125a-3p expression in paucibacillary (PB) vs multibacillary (MB) (p = 0.007) and vs RR (reversal reactions) (p = 0.005), respectively; and also a higher expression in patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) vs MB without reactions (p = 0.002). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the miR-125a-3p expression and BI in patients with reactions (r=0,81; p=0,002). Conclusions. All together we underpin a role for miR-125-3p in leprosy pathogenesis, raising the hypothesis that this miR might have a distinct role in PB and ENL forms, influencing mechanisms such as apoptosis and autophagy according to the local context. A functional study should help to validate the miR-125a-3p as a potential therapeutic target for leprosy treatment.﻿﻿
The Application of Electric Impedance Tomography During the Ventilator Weaning Process
Authors: Wang Guan , Zhang Lei , Li Bin , Niu Bingyin , Jiang Jian , Li Duo , Yue Zhu , Weng Yibing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The existing evaluation system for ventilator weaning should consider adding new reference indicators to improve the weaning success rate. In the present study, we proposed investigating whether electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a useful predictor for ventilator weaning.
Methods

The study design was a nested case–control study, and patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and underwent their first tracheal intubation were enrolled. Those who successfully completed the ventilator weaning and extubation after the first spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) were included in the trial group, while those who did not pass the SBT or who received secondary intubation within 48 hours after extubation were included in the control group. Here, EIT was adopted to record the monitoring data in three phases, i.e., before the SBT (pre-SBT), during the SBT (SBT), and after the SBT (post-SBT), in both groups. The MATLAB 7.2 software was used to process the EIT data, the SAS 9.4 software was adopted for the statistical analysis, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with weaning success.
Results

A total of 53 patients were enrolled, including 41 cases in the trial group and 12 cases in the control group. The logistic regression analysis showed that the pre-SBT global impedance (GI) and the SBT region of interest 2 (ROI2) were significantly higher in the trial group than in the control group (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.002). The pre-SBT GI predicted weaning success with a sensitivity of 0.524, a specificity of 0.818, a p-value of 0.0496, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.001–0.978. The sensitivity, specificity, p-value, and 95% CI for the SBT ROI2 were 1, 0.595, 0.0164, and 1.010–1.108, respectively.
Conclusion

For patients without contraindications to EIT, the application of EIT is recommended to be added to the existing evaluation system for ventilator weaning as it could help improve the weaning success rate. Further cohort studies are needed to investigate the actual efficacy of EIT after it has been added to the evaluation system.
The Preoperative Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients Underwent Curative Resection for Colorectal Cancer.
Authors: Hayama Tamuro , Hashiguchi Yojiro , Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Makoto , Fukushima Yoshihisa , Shimada Ryu , Nozawa Keijiro , Matsuda Keiji , Fujii Shoichi , Fukagawa Takeo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: T The world is becoming longer-lived, and the number of elderly colorectal cancer patients is increasing. It is very important to identify simple and inexpensive postoperative predictors in elderly colorectal cancer patients. The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is a marker of systemic nutrition and is associated with poor survival in various kinds of cancers. A few reports have investigated recurrence factors using preoperative GNRI with CRC patients. This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative GNRI is associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in elderly patients with CRC.Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 259 patients with StageⅠ-Ⅲ CRC who were more than 65 years old and underwent curative surgery at a single institution in 2012–2017. We classified them into low GNRI (RFS: ≤90.5, OS ≤101.1) group and high GNRI (RFS:>90.5, OS >101.1) group.Results: Multivariable analyses showed low GNRI group was an independent risk factor for 3-year RFS (P = 0.006) and OS (P = 0.001) in the patients with CRC. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed 3-year RFS and 3-year OS were significantly worse in the low GNRI group than in high GNRI group (p = 0.001, 0.0037).Conclusion: A low-preoperative GNRI was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in elderly CRC patients.
Choroid Plexus-Selective Inactivation of Adenosine A2A Receptors Protects Against T Cell Infiltration And Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Zheng Wu , Feng Yijia , Zeng Zhenhai , Ye Mengqian , Shang Huiping , Wang Mengru , Lin Xiangxiang , Sun Xiaoting , Wang Muran , Li Zhengzheng , Weng Yiyun , Guo Wei , Vakal Sergii , chen jiangfan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders characterized by the infiltration of immune cells into the brain and demyelination. The unwanted immunosuppressive side effect of therapeutically successful natalizumab led us to focus on choroid plexus (CP), a key site for the first wave of immune cell infiltration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), for the control of immune cells trafficking. Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is emerging as a potential pharmacological target to control EAE pathogenesis; however, the cellular basis for the A2AR-mediated protection remains undetermined. Methods: In EAE model, we assessed A2AR expression and leukocyte trafficking determinants in CP by immunohistochemistry and qPCR analyses. We determined the effect of the A2AR antagonist KW6002 treatment at days 8-12 or 8-14 post-immunization on T cell infiltration across CP and EAE pathology. We determined the critical role of the CP-A2AR on T cell infiltration and EAE pathology by focal knockdown the CP-A2AR with intracerebroventricular injection of CRE-TAT recombinase into the A2ARflox/flox mice. In cultured CP epithelium, we also evaluated the effect of overexpression of A2ARs or the A2AR agonist CGS21680 treatment on CP permeability and lymphocytes migration. Results: We found the specific upregulation of A2AR in CP in association with enhanced CP gateway activity peaked at day 12 post-immunization in EAE mice. Furthermore, the KW6002 treatment at days 8-12 or 8-14 post-immunization reduced T-cell trafficking across CP and attenuated EAE pathology. Importantly, focal CP-A2AR knockdown attenuated pathogenic infiltration of Th17+ cells across CP via inhibiting CCR6-CCL20 axis through NFκB / STAT3 pathway and protected against EAE pathology. Lastly, activation of A2AR in cultured epithelium by A2AR overexpression or CGS21680 treatment increased the permeability of CP epithelium and facilitated lymphocytes migration. Conclusion: These findings define the CP niche as one of the primary sites of A2AR action whereby A2AR antagonists confer protection against EAE pathology. Thus, pharmacological targeting of the CP-A2AR represents a novel therapeutic strategy for MS by controlling immune cell trafficking across CP.