bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upaya Perawatan Alat Pemadam Api Jenis Portable Foam DI MT. KATOMAS
Authors: Pramono Hadi , Hermawan M , Adiputera Ryan 
Published: May 2021

When there is combustion there are three main components that cause the fire which is commonly called the Fire Triangle. The fire triangle itself consists of unified and balanced Heat, Fuel and Oxygen that will cause fires to the point where workers are also very detrimental to the company if this happens if it is not immediately addressed. The author in collecting the data needed until the completion of writing this scientific paper, uses the method of approach and data collection by Observation and Literature Study on the MT ship. Katomas which is an oil product cargo ship which is a flammable liquid, the best extinguishing agent is foam fire extinguisher. Fire fighting equipment is also not only a supporting factor but also an indispensable factor and is part of the ship and its crew. Safety concerns the safety of the cargo, crew and ship itself. Then the damage to the fire extinguisher and the decline in the work function of the tool is due to lack of maintenance and attention to the extinguisher which causes the work of the device to be less than optimal.
Keywords : Portable fire extinguisher, Foam fire extinguisher, Fire fighting equipment
Saat terjadi pembakaran ada tiga komponen utama yang menyebabkan terjadinya api yang biasa disebut Segitiga Api. Segitiga api itu sendiri terdiri dari Heat, Fuel dan Oxygen yang bersatu dan seimbang yang akan menimbulkan kebakaran hingga membahayakan para pekerja juga sangat merugikan perusahaan apabila hal ini terjadi jika tidak segera ditanggulangi. Penulis dalam mengumpulkan data yang diperlukan hingga selesainya penulisan karya tulis ilmiah ini, menggunakan metode pendekatan dan pengumpulan data dengan Observasi dan Studi Pustaka pada kapal MT. Katomas yang merupakan kapal muatan Oil Product yang merupakan zat cair yang mudah terbakar, maka zat pemadam yang paling baik adalah jenis pemadam api foam. Peralatan pemadam kebakaran juga bukan hanya faktor pendukung tetapi juga merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat diperlukan dan menjadi bagian dari kapal dan awaknya. Keselamatan yang menyangkut keselamatan pada muatan, awak kapal, dan kapalnya itu sendiri. Maka kerusakan alat pemadam api dan menurunnya fungsi kerja dari alat tersebut dikarenakan akibat kurangnya perawatan dan perhatian terhadap alat pemadam tersebut yang menyebabkan kerja dari alat tersebut menjadi kurang optimal.
Kata Kunci : Pemadam Api Portabel, Pemadam Api Foam, Peralatan pemadam kebakaran
Educational Content of Today The Understanding of Architecture as a Collective Art
Authors: Lauvland Gro 
Published: May 2021

Our understanding of the world is manifested in what we make and produce. Through the last 250 years there has been a change in the understanding of man´s place in the world. Our way of building is characterized by market economy and controlled production processes — as if we can control everything through our consciousness. Both the given nature and what is transferred to us through history, are regarded as resources made for us. Today our understanding of the world makes the cities more and more similar. This understanding of nature and culture challenges our human conditions.
As human beings, we are embedded in the place, according to both Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. In line with their understanding the Norwegian architect and theorist Christian Norberg-Schulz argued, for instance in Stedskunst (1995), that it is the qualities of the place we identify with, and which makes it possible for us to feel at home.
Revealing the Academy
Authors: Stewart Sally 
Published: May 2021

In what ways and to what extent can the individual shape the institution and thereby the architectural education it provides? How does this manifest itself in the formation and experience of the student on their journey towards establishing their own personal creative practice and agency?
This paper attempts to explore the three-way relationship between school, teacher and student, with the aim of exposing the constant dynamic and flux as each acts on and is responsive to the others, while all aim to achieve a coherent and synthesised architectural education and entry to architectural practice. In this, the impact and agency of communities of practice are considers in counterpoint the charismatic individual.
The paper also discusses the methods used to unearth aspects of our relationship between teacher and student, mentor and tyro, proto and mature practitioner, not as a set of dualities but as spectrum where the individual’s position, behaviours and dependences shift and change over time as they continue on a bespoke trajectory, more often a series of loops and knots than a straight line.
Tolerance in political ideology of Ho Chi Minh and its present value
Authors: Do Duy Tu 
Published: May 2021

During the process of leading the war for national independence and progress to socialism, Ho Chi Minh inevitably became a political strategist, who united the whole nation, built and constructed the country. As an authentic humanist, Ho Chi Minh's humanist ideology permeates in all his ideologies, including political ideology and creates deep tolerance in Ho Chi Minh's political ideology. Understanding the spirit of tolerance in Ho Chi Minh's political ideology will help to deepen the understanding of his noble personality and draw profound lessons about the cause of political innovation and international integration in the current stage.
Clinical outcomes and lipid-laden macrophages in Electronic cigarette/Vaping product use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) in a South Texas population
Authors: Mir Mahnoor , Beg Moeezullah , Peters Jay I. , Adams Sandra G. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To describe the clinical features, proportion of lipid-laden alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and short-term and 6-month to 12-month outcomes of patients with Electronic cigarette/Vaping product use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI).Methods: Retrospective review of clinical characteristics, radiographs, and BAL samples for all patients with a history of vaping who presented with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure to the University Hospital in San Antonio, Texas from 9/2019 to 6/2020 was performed.Results: We report 16 cases (15 men; median age, 30 years [range 19-75]) of EVALI with a history of vaping Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), nicotine, or both. The most common presenting symptoms were tachycardia, dyspnea, cough, and fever. All patients required supplemental oxygen, including two who required noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and five who required mechanical ventilation. All 16 patients had bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGO) with peripheral sparing on chest computerizedtomography (CT). Cultures were negative, except for one patient who tested positive for rhinovirus. COVID-19 PCR was done in one individual which was negative. Cytology demonstrated lipid-laden macrophages on Oil-Red-O stain on fresh (i.e., without fixative) BAL in the majority of patients (N = 12) with a mean lipid-saturation percentage of 78% [range, 44%-100%] and the mean Colombo count of 194 [range, 101-359]. Fifteen patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids. The median length of hospital stay was 10 days. At discharge, three patients required supplemental oxygen. Eight of those who had follow-up imaging showed resolution of GGO. One patient had a relapse of symptoms and was again treated with systemic corticosteroids and mycophenolate, with resolution of symptoms. Fourteen patients who were evaluated after discharge denied vaping post-discharge (two patients were not able to be contacted and did not keep follow-up appointments).Conclusions: Successful diagnosis and management of EVALI requires a high clinical suspicion, thorough evaluation to rule out infectious etiologies, and aggressive treatment with systemic corticosteroids, along with sustained abstinence from vaping.
Immediate Weight Bearing of Plated Both-Bone Forearm Fractures Using Eight Cortices Proximal and Distal to the Fracture in the Polytrauma Patient Is Safe
Authors: Marchand Lucas S. , Horton Steven , Mullike Alexandra , Goel Ritu , Krum Nicole , Ochenjele George , O'Hara Nathan , O'Toole Robert V. , Eglseder W. Andrew , Pensy Raymond 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Rehabilitation of trauma patients is facilitated by surgical stabilization permitting weight bearing (WB) of the fractured extremity. Both-bone forearm fracture (BBFx) plate osteosynthesis is an accepted technique with high union and low complication rates; yet, postoperative WB protocols have not been adequately investigated. There exists concern for increased complications in plated BBFx fractures for patients prescribed immediate WB. We hypothesized that immediate WB of surgically treated BBFxs results in acceptable rates of complications.

Methods:
Patients presenting to a Level-1 trauma center from 2007 to 2016 with a BBFx were identified retrospectively. Patients were skeletally mature, surgically treated with prescribed immediate WB protocol, and followed for 6 months or to fracture union. Collected data included demographics, fracture characteristics, associated injuries, and WB protocols for all extremities. Complications recorded included nonunion, hardware failure, and infection. Standard statistical comparisons were used to evaluate the risk of complication in polytrauma patients with modified lower extremity WB protocols (polytrauma group) and patients with no lower extremity WB restrictions (isolated group).

Results:
Two hundred thirteen patients were included with 75 (35%) females and 138 (65%) males. Mean age was 40 years and mean follow-up was 46 weeks. There were 142 (67%) patients in the poly-trauma and 71 (33%) patients in the isolated groups. In the poly-trauma group 21 (10%) patients had bilateral lower extremity WB restrictions. There were 11 (6%) complications noted: 2 non-unions, 4 hardware failures, and 5 infections. Demographics did not vary between the two groups. There was no difference in complications in the isolated (5.7%) versus poly-trauma groups (5.0%) (P = 0.75).

Conclusion:
Immediate WB rehabilitation after BBFx plate osteosynthesis seems to be safe and associated with low nonunion and complication rates. Our results demonstrate that polytrauma patients using ambulatory aids for lower extremity injuries can immediately WB without increased risk compared with isolated BBFx patients.
Effects of Sensory Interventions on Fatigue in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohebbirad Mohammad , Motaharinezhad Fatemeh , Shahsavary Mohammad , Joveini Ghodsiyeh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
Fatigue is 1 of the most common and annoying symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sensory interventions on fatigue in people with MS based on a systematic review of sensory evidence.

Methods:
The Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 1990 to July 2020. Studies with nonpharmacologic sensory interventions as a main or secondary intervention according to the assessment of fatigue as the primary or secondary therapy outcome in patients with MS were included.

Results:
Nine articles were reviewed by examining the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four types of interventions were related to exercises, including sensory integration exercises, vestibular rehabilitation, Frenkel exercises, and exercises with or without vibration; and 2 types were performed using robots and 1 type using vibration only. Vestibular rehabilitation therapies, exercise-based sensory integration interventions, and the use of vibration have shown significant effects in relieving fatigue in patients with MS.

Conclusions:
The evidence in this study is insufficient to show a dramatic effect of sensory integration therapy in various forms. However, despite the studies, sensory integration therapy can be considered a potential treatment for fatigue in patients with MS. Further studies with stronger methods are needed to make this treatment a reality.
Perinatal development of innate immune topology
Authors: Henneke Philipp , Kierdorf Katrin , Hall Lindsay J , Sperandio Markus , Hornef Mathias 
Published: May 2021

At the transition from intrauterine to postnatal life, drastic alterations are mirrored by changes in cellular immunity. These changes are in part immune cell intrinsic, originate in the replacement of fetal cells, or result from global regulatory mechanisms and adaptation to changes in the tissue microenvironment. Overall, longer developmental trajectories are intersected by events related to mother-infant separation, birth cues, acquisition of microbiota and metabolic factors. Perinatal alterations particularly affect immune niches, where structures with discrete functions meet, the intestinal mucosa, epidermis and lung. Accordingly, the following questions will be addressed in this review:How does the preprogrammed development supported by endogenous cues, steer innate immune cell differentiation, adaptation to tissue structures, and immunity to infection?How does the transition at birth impact on tissue immune make-up including its topology?How do postnatal cues guide innate immune cell differentiation and function at immunological niches?
Analysis of Profitability and Market Outlets of Smallholder Garri Producers in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Aturamu O. A. , Akinbola A. E. , Omosehin O. O. , Oguntuase D. T. 
Published: May 2021

Aims: To ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, identify the market outlets available in the area, estimate the profitability of garri processors, determine factors influencing the choice of market outlet employed by the processors, and identify the main constraints faced in processing garri in the area.
Study Design: Primary data were used for this study and sourced through a well-structured questionnaire.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out among garri producers in Ondo State, Nigeria, between June and November, 2020.
Methodology: A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents, while descriptive statistics, budgetary technique, and multinomial logit (MNL) regression were used for the data analysis.
Results: The results revealed that female (63.3%) dominated the enterprise, and about 81.6% of them were married. The average age was 49 years old, and many (80%) of them were literate. The result established three main market outlets and they are: producer gate (43.3%), open market (20.0%), and middlemen (36.7%). The result of budgetary technique revealed that the venture is profitable given the values of gross margin and profit as 82,972.58 and 71,694.68, respectively. The value (2.37) of return on investment, indicating that about 2.37 was realized for every naira spent. The result of MNL affirmed that marital status, education, experience and profit accrued were the significant factors influencing the choice of market outlet in the area. It was unveiled that price fluctuations, poor road network and high cost of transportation were the main constraints faced by the garri processors in the area.
Conclusion: The policy implication is that garri production business is viable, therefore it is capable to reduce hunger and poverty if properly managed with functioning and organized market outlets and structure.
Effect of Sources, Split and Foliar Application of KCl and KClO3 on Availability and Uptake of Phosphorus in Aerobic Rice
Authors: Babu P. Anji , Hattab K. Omar , Aruna L. , Mohan R. 
Published: May 2021

Aim: To investigate the effect of KCl and KClO3 as sources of potassium in aerobic rice with four types of split doses and two levels of foliar applications of potassium.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, Puducherry.
Methodology : The rice variety PMK 4 was tested with two sources of potassium viz., Potassium chloride (KCl) and Potassium chlorate (KClO3), four types of split application viz., K control (S1), basal with no split (S2), two splits (S3) and three splits (S4) along with foliar application treatments viz., no foliar (F1) and foliar spray (F2).
Results: The results of a field experiment revealed that the two splits of potassium increased the available P at the active tillering stage and harvest stage. Whereas, three splits increased the available P at panicle imitation and flowering stage. The KCl recorded higher available P at panicle initiation and harvest stages. The high phosphorus uptake was recorded in panicle initiation and flowering stages by three splits application of potassium. In grain also, especially the three splits through KClO3 recorded higher P uptake.
Conclusion: The split applications tested in this investigation influenced the available phosphorus status in soil and phosphorus uptake. Increase in splits of potassium increased the P uptake. This result is in agreement with the results of Mitra et al. [1] who observed a significant increase in the uptake of N, P, K and S by increased level of K in Kharif rice.
Effect of Different Levels of Phosphorus, Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria and Farmyard Manure on Nutrient Content and Uptake by Bt-Cotton
Authors: Rushi K. V. S. L. Raj , Rani P. Prasuna , Prasad P. R. K. , Kumar P. Anil 
Published: May 2021

Aim: To determine the effect of integrated use of inorganic phosphorus along with phosphorus solubilising bacteria and farmyard manure on nutrient Content and uptake in Bt-Cotton.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications.
Place of Study: At College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur district.
Methodology: After the preliminary layout, the Tulasi-BG II hybrid of cotton was used as a test crop, with a spacing of 90 cm x 60 cm in the experimental site. Plant samples were collected at 45, 90 DAS, and harvest. Plant samples were shade dried and kept in hot air oven at 75°C until a constant weight was obtained. Samples were powdered and then analysed using standard chemical procedures.
Results: The uptake of macronutrients viz., N, P, and K was markedly influenced by the treatments with maximum values recorded by the treatment that received 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM + PSB. Their uptake significantly differed with increase in dose of phosphorus applied at all growth stages. Combined use of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM + PSB resulted in a significant increase in uptake of all micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) at all stages except Cu at 90 DAS.
Conclusion: Application of phosphorus combined with FYM and PSB not only reduce inorganic phosphorus fertilization but also enhance the uptake of nutrients and plant nutrient content by providing favourable conditions for plant growth. Application of 30 kg P2O5 ha-1+ PSB + FYM was found to be on a par with addition of only 60 kg ha-1P2O5. Hence the P dose can be reduced to half by integrating with PSB and FYM.
Effect of Weed Management Practices and Fertilizer Levels on Crop Nutrient Uptake and Weed Nutrient Removal in the Hybrid Rice
Authors: Nagarjuna Polagani , Singh R. S. , Varalakshmi P. , Babu Y. N. Mohan 
Published: May 2021

Aim: Comparative evaluation of weed management practices and fertilizer levels on crop nutrient uptake and weed nutrient removal in the hybrid rice.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with weed management in main-plot and fertilizer levels in sub-plot and was replicated thrice.
Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was performed during the kharif period of 2017 at the Research Farm, TCA, Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (BIHAR).
Methodology: The experiment was performed with twelve treatments in a split plot design. The main plot comprised four different weed management practices and under the sub-plot there were three fertilizer levels. Rice hybrid “ARIZE-6444” was taken as the test variety. Observations of the crop and weeds during the experimental duration were recorded at regular intervals, to assess the probable relationship between growth attributes and the final yield. The significance of the treatment impact was examined by the F test.
Results: Among weed management practices, maximum uptake by rice with respect to nitrogen (152.85 Kg/ha), phosphorous (45.79 Kg/ha) and potassium (187.13 Kg/ha) and minimum removal by weed regarding nitrogen (1.30 Kg/ha), phosphorous (0.54 Kg/ha) and potassium (1.85 Kg/ha) was recorded in treatment hand weeding twice which was observed statistically at par with Bispyribac-sodium @ 25 g/ha + Pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha at 25 DAT.
Among fertilizer levels, application of 150 per cent RDF registered the highest portion of nitrogen (130.52 Kg/ha), phosphorous (40.40 Kg/ha) and potassium (164.49 Kg/ha) uptake by rice crop and nutrient removal through weeds is nitrogen (10.65 Kg/ha), phosphorous (4.84 Kg/ha) and potassium (15.59 Kg/ha) of, and respectively.
Conclusion: Among different weed management practices combined application of Bispyribac-sodium @ 25 g/ha + Pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha at @) DAT or hand weeding twice (20 and 40 DAT) was found effective in controlling weeds and increase in the quality and quantity of rice. Among fertilizer levels application of 125% RDF was found effective in increase in the yield, nutrient content of the crop and substantially reduction of nutrients removed by weed in rice field.
Validation of virtual water phantom software for pre‐treatment verification of single‐isocenter multiple‐target stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Calvo‐Ortega Juan‐Francisco , Greer Peter B. , Hermida‐López Marcelino , Moragues‐Femenía Sandra , Laosa‐Bello Coral , Casals‐Farran Joan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to benchmark the accuracy of the VIrtual Phantom Epid dose Reconstruction (VIPER) software for pre‐treatment dosimetric verification of multiple‐target stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). VIPER is an EPID‐based method to reconstruct a 3D dose distribution in a virtual phantom from in‐air portal images. Validation of the VIPER dose calculation was assessed using several MLC‐defined fields for a 6 MV photon beam. Central axis percent depth doses (PDDs) and output factors were measured with an ionization chamber in a water tank, while dose planes at a depth of 10 cm in a solid flat phantom were acquired with radiochromic films. The accuracy of VIPER for multiple‐target SRS plan verification was benchmarked against Monte Carlo simulations. Eighteen multiple‐target SRS plans designed with the Eclipse treatment planning system were mapped to a cylindrical water phantom. For each plan, the 3D dose distribution reconstructed by VIPER within the phantom was compared with the Monte Carlo simulation, using a 3D gamma analysis. Dose differences (VIPER vs. measurements) generally within 2% were found for the MLC‐defined fields, while film dosimetry revealed gamma passing rates (GPRs) ≥95% for a 3%/1 mm criteria. For the 18 multiple‐target SRS plans, average 3D GPRs greater than 93% and 98% for the 3%/2 mm and 5%/2 mm criteria, respectively. Our results validate the use of VIPER as a dosimetric verification tool for pre‐treatment QA of single‐isocenter multiple‐target SRS plans. The method requires no setup time on the linac and results in an accurate 3D characterization of the delivered dose.