bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of numerical simulation of atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasmas: streamer discharges and glow discharges
Authors: Tochikubo Fumiyoshi , Komuro Atsushi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Over the past two decades, research and development using various atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasmas has been conducted energetically for materials synthesis, surface treatment, environmental and energy applications, plasma medicine, plasma agriculture, and other applications. Precise understanding of the physics and chemistry of atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasmas is indispensable for further development of these applications. In this paper, we review progress in the simulation of atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasmas, especially streamer discharges and atmospheric-pressure glow discharges as the most fundamental discharge forms, using the fluid approximation model over the last two decades, and the current understanding of the discharge evolution process. In addition, we discuss recent findings on plasma–liquid interactions obtained from simulations of atmospheric-pressure plasmas in contact with liquids.
Authors: Nurhayati Nung Ati 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran “Hubungan Dukungan Suami Pada Ibu pasca melahirkan dengan Postpartum Blues di Poliklinik KIA/KB RS. Dustira Cimahi” penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif korelasi mengumpulkan data secara cross sectional. Sampel diambil dengan cara acsidental sampling sebanyak 40 orang ibu pasca melahirkan fase early postpartum (hari ke 3-10). Kuesioner untuk dukungan suami disusun oleh peneliti mengacu kepada teori menurut Murtiningsih, (2012) hasil uji validitas dari 24 soal terdapat 4 soal yang tidak valid, 2 pertanyaan dibuang 2 pertanyaan diperbaiki, sehingga pertanyaan yang digunakan sebanyak 22 item.Kuesioner untuk postpartum blues menggunakan EPDS dengan kriteria penilaian 0-9 tidak postpartum blues 10-30 postpartum blues. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, dari 40 responden hampir setengahnya merasakan tidak mendapatkan dukungan dari suaminya dan hampir setengahnya mengalami postpartum blues. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p value = 0,000 maka disimpulkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan suami dengan kejadian postpartum blues. Hasil analisis menunjukan OR= 77,000 artinya jika suami dirasakan tidak mendukung istrinya maka istrinya mempunyai risiko 77 kali akan mengalami postpartum blues dibandingkan dengan suami yang dirasakan mendukung istrinya. Saran, untuk para perawat sebaiknya memberikan pendidikan dan konseling tentang postpartum blues dengan melibatkan keluarga kepada ibu sejak kehamilan sampai saat pulang perawatan pasca melahirkan. Untuk Rumah Sakit, diharapkan membuat SOP tentang deteksi dini postpartum blues dan asuhan keperawatannya serta mensosialisasikan kepada seluruh tenaga keperawatan yang dinas di ruangan dan poliklinik kebidanan.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penerapan Keterlibatan Karyawan pada Industri Manufakturing
Authors: Nelson Alden 
Published: February 2021

The research conducted to discuss the factors that affecting the implementation of employee engagement. Employee engagement contributes to companies where low turnover, high profitability and high productivity.
The results of the study explained the direct effect that leadership, teamwork, management support had a significant effect to employee motivation and employee development / training, environment / workplace, teamwork, management support, employee motivation directly influencing to employee engagement but performance management, compensation / remuneration leadership does not have a significant effect to employee engagement.
Indirect influence explains that leadership and team work have a significant effect to employee engagement through employee motivation but management support does not significantly influence employee engagement through employee motivation.
Estado nutricional y nivel de hemoglobina según el tipo de lactancia en el lactante de 6 meses
Authors: Buitron Martel Esperanza Luz 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre el estado nutricional y el nivel de hemoglobina; el tipo de lactancia y el estado nutricional; el tipo de lactancia y el nivel de hemoglobina del lactante de 6 meses que acudieron al control CRED del Centro de Salud Perú-Corea, Huánuco, 2019. Métodos. Fue un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo retrospectivo, analítico y transversal. La población muestral fueron 564 historias clínicas de lactantes de 6 meses. La comprobación de hipótesis fue mediante la prueba chi cuadrado de independencia, considerando un p ≤ 0,05. Resultados. Evaluando el tipo de lactancia que consumen los lactantes de 6 meses, se evidenció que el 65,6 % (370) continuaron con lactancia materna exclusiva, frente a un 25,7 % (145) con lactancia mixta. El estado nutricional fue normal en mayor proporción [99,1 % (559)]. El nivel de hemoglobina también, fue mayoritariamente normal [98,9 % (558)]. Se halló relación entre el estado nutricional y el nivel de hemoglobina [(x 2 = 488,13; p = 0,000)], la lactancia materna exclusiva y el estado nutricional normal [(x 2 = 25,55; p = 0,006)] y lactancia materna exclusiva y un nivel normal de hemoglobina [(x 2 = 30,71; p = 0,000)]. Conclusiones. Existe relación entre el estado nutricional normal y el nivel normal de la hemoglobina, la lactancia materna exclusiva y el estado nutricional normal; asimismo, se halló relación entre la lactancia materna exclusiva y el nivel normal de hemoglobina de los lactantes.
Photoionization Models for High-density Gas
Authors: Kallman T. , Bautista M. , Deprince J. , García J. A. , Mendoza C. , Ogorzalek A. , Palmeri P. , Quinet P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Relativistically broadened and redshifted 6.4–6.9 keV iron K lines are observed from many accretion powered objects, including X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei. The existence of gas close to the central engine implies large radiation intensities and correspondingly large gas densities if the gas is to remain partially ionized. Simple estimates indicate that high gas densities are needed to allow for the survival of iron against ionization. These are high enough that rates for many atomic processes are affected by mechanisms related to interactions with nearby ions and electrons. Radiation intensities are high enough that stimulated processes can be important. Most models currently in use for interpreting relativistic lines use atomic rate coefficients designed for use at low densities and neglect stimulated processes. In our work so far we have presented atomic structure calculations with the goal of providing physically appropriate models at densities consistent with line-emitting gas near compact objects. In this paper we apply these rates to photoionization calculations, and produce ionization balance curves and X-ray emissivities and opacities that are appropriate for high densities and high radiation intensities. The final step in our program will be presented in a subsequent paper in which model atmosphere calculations will incorporate these rates into synthetic spectra.
Toward a Bias-free Selection Criterion in Shear Measurement
Authors: Li Hekun , Zhang Jun , Liu Dezi , Luo Wentao , Zhang Jiajun , Dong Fuyu , Shen Zhi , Wang Haoran 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sample selection is a necessary preparation for weak lensing measurement. It is well-known that selection itself may introduce bias to the measured shear signal. Using image simulation and the Fourier_Quad shear measurement pipeline, we quantify the selection bias in various commonly used selection criteria (signal-to-noise ratio, magnitude, etc.). We propose a new selection criterion defined in the power spectrum of the galaxy image. This new selection criterion has a low selection bias, and it is particularly convenient for shear measurement pipelines based on Fourier transformation.
The Magnetic Environment of a Stealth Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: O’Kane Jennifer , Mac Cormack Cecilia , Mandrini Cristina H. , Démoulin Pascal , Green Lucie M. , Long David M. , Valori Gherardo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Interest in stealth coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is increasing due to their relatively high occurrence rate and space weather impact. However, typical CME signatures such as extreme-ultraviolet dimmings and post-eruptive arcades are hard to identify and require extensive image processing techniques. These weak observational signatures mean that little is currently understood about the physics of these events. We present an extensive study of the magnetic field configuration in which the stealth CME of 2011 March 3 occurred. Three distinct episodes of flare ribbon formation are observed in the stealth CME source active region (AR). Two occurred prior to the eruption and suggest the occurrence of magnetic reconnection that builds the structure that will become eruptive. The third occurs in a time close to the eruption of a cavity that is observed in STEREO-B 171 Å data; this subsequently becomes part of the propagating CME observed in coronagraph data. We use both local (Cartesian) and global (spherical) models of the coronal magnetic field, which are complemented and verified by the observational analysis. We find evidence of a coronal null point, with field lines computed from its neighborhood connecting the stealth CME source region to two ARs in the northern hemisphere. We conclude that reconnection at the null point aids the eruption of the stealth CME by removing the field that acted to stabilize the preeruptive structure. This stealth CME, despite its weak signatures, has the main characteristics of other CMEs, and its eruption is driven by similar mechanisms.
Two-dimensional Particle-in-cell Simulations of Axisymmetric Black Hole Magnetospheres
Authors: Hirotani Kouichi , Krasnopolsky Ruben , Shang 尚 Hsien 賢 , Nishikawa Ken-ichi , Watson Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the temporal evolution of an axisymmetric magnetosphere around a rapidly rotating stellar-mass black hole by applying a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation scheme. Adopting homogeneous pair production and assuming that the mass accretion rate is much less than the Eddington limit, we find that the black hole’s rotational energy is preferentially extracted from the middle latitudes and that this outward energy flux exhibits an enhancement that lasts approximately 160 dynamical timescales. It is demonstrated that the magnetohydrodynamic approximations cannot be justified in such a magnetically dominated magnetosphere because Ohm’s law completely breaks down and the charge-separated electron–positron plasmas are highly nonneutral. An implication is given regarding the collimation of relativistic jets.
The Red Supergiant Binary Fraction as a Function of Metallicity in M31 and M33
Authors: Neugent Kathryn F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent work measuring the binary fraction of evolved red supergiants (RSGs) in the Magellanic Clouds points to a value between 15% and 30%, with the majority of the companions being unevolved B-type stars as dictated by stellar evolution. Here I extend this research to the Local Group galaxies M31 and M33 and investigate the RSG binary fraction as a function of metallicity. Recent near-IR photometric surveys of M31 and M33 have led to the identification of a complete sample of RSGs down to a limiting

. To determine the binary fraction of these M31 and M33 RSGs, I used a combination of newly obtained spectroscopy to identify single RSGs and RSG+OB binaries, as well as archival UV, visible, and near-IR photometry to probabilistically classify RSGs as either single or binary based on their colors. I then adjusted the observed RSG+OB binary fraction to account for observational biases. The resulting RSG binary fraction in M33 shows a strong dependence on galactocentric distance, with the inner regions having a much higher binary fraction (

) than the outer regions (

). Such a trend is not seen in M31; instead, the binary fraction in lightly reddened regions remains constant at

. I conclude that the changing RSG binary fraction in M33 is due to a metallicity dependence, with higher-metallicity environments having higher RSG binary fractions. This dependence most likely stems not from changes in the physical properties of RSGs due to metallicity but from changes in the parent distribution of OB binaries.
Observational Evidence for Enhanced Black Hole Accretion in Giant Elliptical Galaxies
Authors: McDonald Michael , McNamara Brian R. , Calzadilla Michael S. , Chen Chien-Ting , Gaspari Massimo , Hickox Ryan C. , Kara Erin , Korchagin Ilia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a study of the relationship between black hole accretion rate (BHAR) and star formation rate (SFR) in a sample of giant elliptical galaxies. These galaxies, which live at the centers of galaxy groups and clusters, have star formation and black hole activity that is primarily fueled by gas condensing out of the hot intracluster medium. For a sample of 46 galaxies spanning five orders of magnitude in BHAR and SFR, we find a mean ratio of

, independent of the methodology used to constrain both SFR and BHAR. This ratio is significantly higher than most previously published values for field galaxies. We investigate whether these high BHAR/SFR ratios are driven by high BHAR, low SFR, or a different accretion efficiency in radio galaxies. The data suggest that the high BHAR/SFR ratios are primarily driven by boosted black hole accretion in spheroidal galaxies compared to their disk counterparts. We propose that the angular momentum of the cool gas is the primary driver in suppressing BHAR in lower-mass galaxies, with massive galaxies accreting gas that has condensed out of the hot phase on nearly radial trajectories. Additionally, we demonstrate that the relationship between specific BHAR and SFR (sBHAR and sSFR) has much less scatter over six orders of magnitude in both parameters, due to competing dependence on morphology between the M
BH–M
* and BHAR–SFR relations. In general, active galaxies selected by typical techniques have sBHAR/sSFR ∼ 10, while galactic nuclei with no clear AGN signatures have sBHAR/sSFR ∼ 1, consistent with a universal M
BH–M
spheroid relation.
Revisiting the Complex Kinematics of Ionized Gas at the Central Region of NGC 1068: Evidence of an Additional Active Galactic Nucleus?
Authors: Shin Jaejin , Woo Jong-Hak , Kim Minjin , Wang Junfeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a spatially resolved analysis of ionized gas at the nuclear region of the nearby galaxy NGC 1068. While NGC 1068 has been known to have gas outflows driven by its active galactic nucleus (AGN), more complex kinematical signatures were recently reported, which were inconsistent with rotation or simple biconical outflows. To account for the nature of gas kinematics, we performed a spatially resolved kinematical study, finding a morphologically symmetric pair of approaching and receding gas blobs in the northeast region. The midpoint of the two blobs is located at a distance of 180 pc from the nucleus in the projected plane. The ionized gas at the midpoint shows zero velocity and high velocity dispersion, which are characteristics of an outflow-launching position, as the two sides of a bicone, i.e., approaching and receding outflows are superposed on the line of sight, leading to no velocity shift but high velocity dispersion. We investigate the potential scenario of an additional AGN based on a multiwavelength data set. While there are other possibilities, i.e., X-ray binary or supernova shock, the results from optical spectropolarimetry analysis are consistent with the presence of an additional AGN, which likely originates from a minor merger.
Gravitational Collider Physics via Pulsar–Black Hole Binaries
Authors: Ding Qianhang , Tong Xi , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose to use pulsar–black hole binaries as a probe of gravitational collider physics. Induced by the gravitation of the pulsar, the atomic transitions of the boson cloud around the black hole backreact on the orbital motion. This leads to the deviation of the binary period decrease from that predicted by general relativity, which can be directly probed by the Rømer delay of pulsar times of arrival. The sensitivity and accuracy of this approach are estimated for two typical atomic transitions. It is shown that once the transitions happen within the observable window, the pulsar-timing accuracy is almost always sufficient to capture the resonance phenomenon.
Tidal Disruption Event Hosts Are Green and Centrally Concentrated: Signatures of a Post-merger System
Authors: Hammerstein Erica , Gezari Suvi , van Velzen Sjoert , Cenko S. Bradley , Roth Nathaniel , Ward Charlotte , Frederick Sara , Hung Tiara , Graham Matthew , Foley Ryan J. , Bellm Eric C. , Cannella Christopher , Drake Andrew J. , Kupfer Thomas , Laher Russ R. , Mahabal Ashish A. , Masci Frank J. , Riddle Reed , Rojas-Bravo César , Smith Roger 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study the properties of the galaxies hosting the first 19 tidal disruption events (TDEs) detected with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) within the context of a carefully constructed, representative host galaxy sample. We find that the ZTF sample of TDE hosts is dominated by compact “green valley” galaxies. After we restrict the comparison sample to galaxies with a similar concentration, as measured by the Sérsic index, we find this green valley overrepresentation is even larger. That is, concentrated red sequence galaxies are not producing TDEs at elevated levels. We present host galaxy spectra that show that E + A galaxies are overrepresented in the ZTF sample by a factor of ≈22, which is lower than previous TDE host galaxy studies have found. We find that this overrepresentation can be fully accounted for when taking into account the masses, colors, and Sérsic indices of the ZTF TDE hosts. The combination of both green colors and high Sérsic index of the typical TDE host galaxy could be explained if the TDE rate is temporarily enhanced following a merger that leads to a higher central concentration of stars.
Parker Solar Probe Observations of Alfvénic Waves and Ion-cyclotron Waves in a Small-scale Flux Rope
Authors: Shi Chen , Zhao Jinsong , Huang Jia , Wang Tieyan , Wu Dejin , Chen Yu , Hu Qiang , Kasper Justin C. , Bale Stuart D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Small-scale flux ropes (SFRs) are common in the interplanetary environment. However, previous identification procedures generally discard SFRs with medium and high Alfvénicity, which are thought to be Alfvénic waves or Alfvénic structures. This paper first identifies an SFR event with medium Alfvénicity in the inner heliosphere (at ∼0.2 au) using Parker Solar Probe measurements. We find Alfvénic waves that arise inside SFR based on high correlations between the magnetic field and velocity fluctuations. We also observe quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic waves with frequencies f that are usually larger than the local proton cyclotron frequency at the leading and trailing edges of this SFR. These waves are well explained by the outward-propagating ion-cyclotron waves, which have wave frequencies ∼0.03–0.3 Hz and wavelengths ∼60–2000 km in the plasma frame. Moreover, we show that the power spectral density of the magnetic field in SFR middle region follows the power-law distribution, where the spectral index changes from −1.5 (f ≲ 1 Hz) to −3.3 (f ≳ 1 Hz). These findings would motivate developing an automated program to identify SFRs with medium and high Alfvénicity from Alfvénic waves/structures.
Lyα Irradiation of Superhydrogenated Coronene Films: Implications for H2 Formation
Authors: Mennella V. , Suhasaria T. , Hornekær L. , Thrower J. D. , Mulas G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the results of an experimental study of the interaction of Lyα photons with superhydrogenated coronene films. The effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation have been analyzed with infrared spectroscopy. The spectral changes provide evidence for UV photodestruction of the C–D bonds of the superhydrogenated coronene with a cross section of 8 ± 2 × 10−20 cm2. The comparison of our experimental result with the prediction from theoretical modeling suggests an extension of the region inside photodissociation regions where superhydrogenated coronene can survive and contribute to H2 formation. H2 formation through abstraction in superhydrogenated coronene dominates over direct H2 loss induced by UV photodestruction.
NICER Discovery of Millisecond X-Ray Pulsations and an Ultracompact Orbit in IGR J17494-3030
Authors: Ng Mason , Ray Paul S. , Bult Peter , Chakrabarty Deepto , Jaisawal Gaurava K. , Malacaria Christian , Altamirano Diego , Arzoumanian Zaven , Gendreau Keith C. , Güver Tolga , Kerr Matthew , Strohmayer Tod E. , Wadiasingh Zorawar , Wolff Michael T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report the detection of 376.05 Hz (2.66 ms) coherent X-ray pulsations in NICER observations of a transient outburst of the low-mass X-ray binary IGR J17494−3030 in 2020 October/November. The system is an accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar in a 75-minute ultracompact binary. The mass donor is most likely a ≃0.02 M
⊙ finite-entropy white dwarf composed of He or C/O. The fractional rms pulsed amplitude is 7.4%, and the soft (1–3 keV) X-ray pulse profile contains a significant second harmonic. The pulsed amplitude and pulse phase lag (relative to our mean timing model) are energy dependent, each having a local maximum at 4 and 1.5 keV, respectively. We also recovered the X-ray pulsations in archival 2012 XMM-Newton observations, allowing us to measure a long-term pulsar spin-down rate of

Hz s−1 and to infer a pulsar surface dipole magnetic field strength of ≃109 G. We show that the mass transfer in the binary is likely nonconservative, and we discuss various scenarios for mass loss from the system.
A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF EXISTING AIR-CONDITIONED BUILDINGS IN KUWAIT
Authors: Kulaib Aboelyazied , Kalendar Abdulrahim , Hussain Shafqat , Alhendal Yousuf 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
In Kuwait air-conditioning systems consume approximately 70% of the grid energy during the long summer months. In this paper, various practical approaches are investigated to enhance the energy efficiency and decrease the energy consumption of five existing air-conditioned (AC) buildings in Kuwait City. The process of energy management in air-conditioned buildings in Kuwait is overwhelming due to high energy consumption in the building sector. This study proposed an optimization technique for the proper energy management of installed AC systems to target energy-efficient buildings. In this study the aim is to explore the effect of different operating parameters, both theoretically and experimentally, and to contribute to the reduction of AC energy consumption. Consequently, the relationship between the thermal load in the air-conditioned buildings and the actual electrical energy consumption is determined, and remedial measures, along with different recommendations for energy saving, are presented. The actual thermal loads of each selected building were calculated and compared with the installed cooling capacity of the AC systems. From the results obtained it was concluded that, by implementing the suggested remedial measures, the predicted load in the selected buildings could be decreased significantly from the existing installed capacity of the cooling systems. Most of the remedial measures suggested for energy management lead to a reduction in power consumption and increased energy efficiency at different levels based on the specifications of the buildings considered and the AC systems installed, resulting in improved in economy, a reduced carbon footprint, and a cleaner environment.