bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of replacement of steam power plant on combined cycle gas equipment on the sanitary protection zone by noise factor
Authors: Tupov V B , Taratorin A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Improving the safety of energy equipment of thermal power plants (TPPs) is an important task. The safety of power equipment is affected by physical influences, the most important of which is noise. Noise is one of the factors determining the size of the sanitary protection zone of thermal power plants. Article analyses the influence of TPP equipment structure on the size of sanitary protection zone (SPZ) by noise factor when replacing the equipment of traditional steam power plants with the equipment of steam and gas plants. Combined cycle gas plants (CCGT) are the most innovative technology in heat and power industry. Currently, most of exhausted steam turbine units (STU) replaced by CCGT. CCGTs are more economical and at the same time have better environmental performance, which consists in both less emission of pollutants and less noise exposure. STU supplied in standard configuration, as their efficiency slightly depends on external conditions. On contrary, the efficiency of CCGT significantly depends on climatic conditions. This dependence necessitates the implementation of individual projects, which allows at design stage of CCGT equipment to provide measures to reduce noise. Main CCGT’s noise sources are air inlet and gas outlet. At design stage, provide reducing sound pressure levels to regulatory values on border of SPZ. Data of calculations showing that increasing of STU power leads to an increase the size of the SPZ. Comparison with the results of calculations on semiempirical model and using computer of SPZ sizes at different type and structure of STU is given. Transition to supercritical steam parameters causes a jump in noise levels. Considered stepwise withdrawal of equipment and its replacement by CCGT. Described a decrease in noise levels at SPZ border. This allows performing equipment modernization in cities in conditions of developed residential building also with increase of plant capacity. Influence of climatic conditions on width of sanitary protection zones described. Shown that during the year boundaries of SPZ change at the same structure of equipment. The most correct is to specify interval in which boundaries of SPZ are located. These results allow selecting noise reduction measures more accurate.
Spectral radiate characteristics of gas phase combustion product of energetic fules
Authors: Moskalenko N I , Dodov I R , Akhmetshin A R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The results of long-term experimental studies of the spectral radiation characteristics of the gas phase of the combustion products, performed on measuring complexes of medium and high spectral resolution in the temperature range 200-2800 K, are carried out. The spectral transmission functions are parametrized by the two-parameter equivalent mass method, which makes it possible to solve radiation heat transfer problems in structurally inhomogeneous high - temperature multicomponent gas environments of the products of combustion of energy fuels of the combustion chambers of energy units to generate thermal and electrical energy. The results of modeling radiation heat transfer in combustion chambers and heat exchangers of multi - chamber furnaces with hearth multi-row burner devices and bottom feeding of solid fuel combustion products into a radiation heat exchanger from cyclone furnaces are discussed.
Physical modeling of the M-shaped boiler furnace aerodynamics
Authors: Prokhorov V B , Kirichkov V S , Chernov S L , Kaverin A A , Fomenko N E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to increase the thermodynamic efficiency of the Rankine cycle, in Russia, China, the USA, and EU countries, new-generation power units with advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) steam parameters are being developed. Using A-USC steam parameters (temperature – 700-760 °C, pressure – 35 MPa) will lead to the need to use expensive nickel steels. A single-shell design of the M-shaped boiler for burning Kuznetsk coal grade TP with solid slag removal (SSR) was proposed to reduce the total length of the main steam pipelines. A solid fuel combustion scheme with direct-flow burners, nozzles and system of vertical-horizontal tangential flames (VHTF) has been developed for this boiler, which will ensure: emissions of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere at a level lower than standard; continuous operation of the boiler in the absence of slagging of the furnace walls and overheating of the pipe metal; a high degree of burnout of coal dust, with the provision of the standard value of the mechanical underburning of fuel; long minimum boiler load at a level not exceeding 40% of the nominal one according to the conditions of coal dust combustion stability.
Scientific bases of creation and practical application of digital acoustic model of NPP with VVER
Authors: Proskuryakov K N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Created acoustic model of nuclear reactor is presented as self-oscillating system belonging to special class of nonlinear dissipative systems capable of generating undamped oscillations with parameters that don’t depend on the initial conditions and are determined only by the properties of the system itself. In open systems, such as coolant circuit, the energy increases over time due to negative friction (negative dissipation). It is known that self-organization, in which a wave order arises spontaneously from turbulent disorder, is possible due to the exchange of energy and mass with the environment, when dissipative losses are compensated from the outside. The creation of this model combined three fundamental scientific results: the Thomson-Kelvin formula for discharge of capacitor in 1853; the properties of acoustic resonator, formulated by Helmholtz in 1869; proof by the author in 1984 of validity of the use of the method of electroacoustic analogies for study of pulsating flows of single-phase and two-phase medium in the presence of negative friction. The acoustic model of nuclear reactor has no analogues in acoustics and is designed to predict, diagnose and prevent the occurrence of unwanted self-oscillations of coolant and resonances with fluctuations of nuclear fuel and equipment in operational and emergency modes.
Numerical modelling of heat transfer and hydrodynamics for drop-shaped tubes bundle
Authors: Deeb R , Sidenkov D V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A numerical study has been conducted to clarify the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a cross-flow heat exchanger with drop-shaped tubes (6-rows of single/double tubes) at zero angle of attack. The study is performed for the Reynolds number Re

a
= 1.38x103 ∼ 9.36 x103.A mathematical and numerical model in software packageANSYS for numerical evaluation of heat transfer and flow field of a bundle of drop-shaped tubes, with taking into account the strain caused by different pressures inside and outside the tubeshas been developed. Correlations of the average Nusselt number Nu

av
and a friction factor f in terms of Re
D,max and Pr for the studied bundles were presented. The result of the numerical simulation indicates the pressure drop coefficient of the studied drop-shaped tube bundles is about 9.86 ∼ 10.88 times smaller than the circular one.
Combined solar collectors
Authors: Kazandzhan B I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The report considers the possibility of organizing in the MEI the production of combined solar collectors, which have become widespread in foreign countries recent years. In Russia, such collectors are not produce despite the presence in many parts of the country of favorable conditions for their use. The report presents the proposed design of combined solar collectors for production and shows the practical possibility of their manufacture and use in Russia. Application of combined solar collectors: roofs of residential and public buildings to provide them with electricity and heat. In a combined solar collector photovoltaic panel and a heat collector are located in one housing, function together, produce more energy and take up less space than if they work separately. The free area on the roof of the house in this case is doubles in comparison with separately installed photovoltaic panels and thermal solar collectors, which creates conditions for placing additional capacity on the same area and reduces the cost of installation work.
Implementation of water chemistry in fossil power plants with drum boilers and in combined cycle/HRSG plants
Authors: Petrova T I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Current water chemistry practice at fossil power plants with drum-type boilers and heat recovery steam generators includes ammonia dosing into the feedwater train and sodium phosphate or sodium hydroxide into the boiler water. The issues and impact on equipment with the use of phosphate or sodium hydroxide boiler water treatment, as well as optimum conditions for the use of these chemicals are discussed. Another operational issue of boiler unit is associated with flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) of material, especially in the low-pressure circuit. The major reasons for boiler failures are outlined, with the data on FAC failure locations. An effect of oxygen and ammonia on boiler corrosion processes is discussed.
Determination of thermal conductivity of composites with dispersed spherical inclusions
Authors: Chernykh A A , Sharapov A I , Arzamastsev A G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The existing shortcomings of the models for determining the thermal conductivity of composite materials with dispersed spherical inclusions raise the issue of creating more advanced calculation methods. This paper proposes a model for determining the thermal conductivity of composite materials, taking into account influence of thermal resistance at the material-inclusion boundary. The analysis of numerical and theoretical calculations showed that the analytical dependence is consistent with the results of numerical modelling for relatively small values of thermal conductivity of the filler and inclusion diameter. This paper considers several models that have been recently developed and that allow calculating thermal conductivity of such materials. They are compared with the model that takes into account influence of thermal resistance of the phase boundary. Applicability intervals of the considered model for various ratios of the thermal conductivity of inclusion material and matrix material are given.
Investigation of the relationship of structural characteristics and operating regime of regenerative heat exchangers
Authors: Shatskikh Yu V , Geller Yu A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a computational study of the operating modes and design factors of a regenerative heat exchanger. The calculations were based on a mathematical model of regenerative heat transfer. It is shown that the most rational mode of heating / cooling the checkerwork is the regular mode. The regular mode is characterized by a constant local temperature head over the height of the checkerwork, and as a result, a linear distribution of the temperature of the checkerwork along the height. It is shown that it is during the implementation of the usual mode that the maximum heating temperature of the coolant and the maximum heat utilization coefficient are provided. The calculations were carried out for a hot-blast stove. In these heat exchangers, the flow rate of the cold heat-transfer agent (blast-furnace air), the temperatures of the hot and cold heat-transfer agent at the inlet to the checkerwork are constant. The range of variation of the heating/cooling time of the checkerwork for such devices is determined to ensure regular mode. It is shown that, within the framework of the regular regime, a decrease in the duration of the cooling period is accompanied by an increase in the temperature of heating the blast-furnace air, a decrease in the temperature of the flue gases, and an increase in the heat utilization coefficient. Also shown are the values of the design parameters of the checkerwork (equivalent diameter of the checkerwork channel, specific heating surface) at which the heat exchanger will operate regular regime. The calculations showed a range in which it makes sense to increase the heat- transfer coefficient of the checkerwork for a specified range of flow rates of the coolants and the time of the periods of heating and cooling. It is shown in the work that increasing the specific surface of the checkerwork heating and increasing the heat-transfer coefficient will allow one to obtain a tangible effect only in combination with a corresponding change in the operating parameters of the heat exchangers.
Study of heat exchange on the glass furnace external surface and energy economy increasing by the way of bathtub walls regulated cooling
Authors: Korovyakovskii A V , Popov S K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The duration of the work campaign and the level of fuel consumption average per work campaign determine the energy efficiency of bathtubs glass melting furnaces working with fossil fuel. This paper shows the investigation of a PHOENICS model of heat transfer on the outer surface of the furnace enclosure. An algorithm is proposed for the thermotechnical calculation of the furnace, which uses adequate ratios in finding the value of heat loss and allows to estimate the error in calculating fuel consumption. The duration of the working campaign depends on the rate of refractory fence erosion in place where it contacts with the melt. One of the ways to slow down erosion is local jet cooling of the refractory outside at the level of the melt mirror. Based on the developed PHOENICS model, it was examined the efficiency of the jet heat transfer for thermal state monitoring of the fence. The results can be used to increase the energy efficiency of glass melting furnaces.
Power -cost effectiveness of hydrogen generation using gas wastes from steel smelting
Authors: Petin S N , Vysochina T A , Grigoryev P N , Popov S K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using the secondary energy resources will help us to reduce the specific natural gas consumption for hydrogen production. One of the most not used secondary energy resources in Russia is converter production of steel. In this production converted gas doesn’t used at all. Even more it’s burned on a flame that creates greenhouse gas (GNG) emission into the Earth atmosphere. The method of using converted gases for hydrogen production that we will look through below can help us to reduce the specific natural gas consumption with high economical efficiency. This method is based on thermochemical recuperation
Heat and mass transfer crisis in a metal hydride accumulator
Authors: Dunikov D O , Borzenko V I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Heat ttransfer is the bottleneck in design of efficient metal hydride devices. We have experimentally demonstrated heat and mass transfer crisis at hydrogen absorption in a metal hydride reactor filled with 4.69 kg of Mm0.8La0.2Ni4.1Fe0.8Al0.1. The crisis results in overheating of the MH bed and considerable slowing of absorption rate. For the case of constant hydrogen flow we have derived a simple solution for energy balance inside the reactor, which predicts the crisis.
Updating of the models for critical heat flux calculation in annular-dispersed flow
Authors: Zakharov S V , Baidakov I L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study presents updating of two existing physical models of dryout in annular-dispersed flow regime according to the updated data of the experimental studies. Relations for critical heat flux at high mass vapour qualities, in two ranges of mass flow rates were considered. The calculation results were compared with the critical heat flux look-up tables at full range of mass flow rates. The comparing showed satisfactory agreement of results in the ranges of regime parameters 0.6 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.9; 50 ⩽ ρω ⩽ 8000 kg m-2 s-1; 0.1 ⩽ p ⩽ 20 MPa.
Electrochemical studies of La0.6Ce0.2Nd0.2Ni4Co0.4Mn0.3Al0.3 electrodes with different mass ratio of metal hydride and carbonyl nickel powders
Authors: Kazakov A N , Bodikov V Yu , Blinov D V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Metal hydride materials are actively used as anode materials for Ni-MH batteries. Various high conductive additives (graphite, nickel, copper, etc.) to the active hydrogen storage material are used to increase the electrical conductivity and mechanical stability of the electrodes. In this work, metal hydride electrodes based on AB5 type alloy mixed with carbonyl nickel in various mass ratios are prepared and studied. The electrochemical properties of the prepared electrodes, such as activation performance, maximum discharge capacity, and high rate dischargeability are investigated in detail.
Application of energy efficiency indicators in electric power distribution tariff-setting
Authors: Shvedova V Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To increase the energy efficiency of the Russian economics it is necessary to incentivize the reduction of consumption of energy resources by different organizations including Distribution Network Operators. The existing system of regulation of electricity distribution tariffs in the Russian Federation contains incentives for Distribution Network Operators to reduce only their electricity losses. The paper develops a method of calculating energy efficiency indicators for Distribution Network Operators and an approach to accounting these indicators in electric power distribution tariffs in case of setting tariffs using benchmarks or using the method of long-term indexation of the total required revenue. The advantage of the method suggested in the article compared to energy efficiency incentives used in different European countries and the US consists in the fact that it does not complicate tariff-setting procedures and does not require significant investments, increasing transaction costs or extensive amendments to existing legislation.
Development of a power plant for an unmanned airship
Authors: Sazhnev A I , Smirnov S E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, a power plant layout for an unmanned airship was designed and tested. The layout is designed to provide power to the target load with a rated power of not more than 500 W, peak power of not more than 1000 W and daily energy consumption of not more than 2600 W · h (of which in the dark - no more than 1300 W · h) with a daily total solar radiation not less than 5.51 kW · h / m2 (daily average for July in the Moscow region is given). Testing the layout, which consists in checking the characteristics of individual elements of the layout in ground-based conditions, has shown the feasibility of using airships in the service sectors.
International environmental indicators of sustainable development within Russian energy companies (using the example of PJSC Inter RAO)
Authors: Andreev V N , Kulakov A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the problems of implementing the principles of sustainable development, which in recent years have been actively implemented in developed countries and adopted by international ESG rating agencies into the scope of business activity of Russian companies within the fuel and energy sector (hereinafter referred to as energy companies). The paper also analyzes the potential positive effects that the implementation of energy conservation programs has on the ecological, economic, and the social aspects of the energy companies.
The concept of an effective NPP with a gas-cooled thermal neutron reactor
Authors: Surayev A S , Kotov V M , Skakov M K , Irkimbekov R A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper shows the technical possibilities of increasing the efficiency of nuclear power plants by using the technology of a channel thermal neutrons reactor with a gas coolant and water moderator. The main characteristics of the core, fuel campaign and heat exchange equipment are considered. Developed new concept of NNP design based on promoted gas-cooled reactor.
Concession as a tool for improving energy efficiency in case of tariff regulation
Authors: Smirnova D A , Shuvalova D G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the state of heat networks in Russian Federation. Modern technologies used to reduce losses in the pipeline and increase energy savings in the boiler house are considered. The article analyzes the experience of using pipelines in foamed polyurethane insulation as the most effective way to combat heat losses. The current problem of financing investment projects in the energy sector and the difficulties of attracting private capital in this area are studied. One of the ways to solve this situation is to conclude concession agreements. The paper presents the results of tariff calculations with the participation of the boiler house in the concession, which prove the effectiveness of modernization under the concession agreement.
Estimation of the efficiency of involvement of renewable energy sources in the energy balance of the south region of Russia
Authors: Nikiforova D V , Krivaya D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article contains a study on the feasibility of using renewable energy sources, in particular wind energy, for energy supply to consumers in the southern region of Russia. The paper presents the results of an economic assessment of the efficiency of construction of a wind farm with an installed capacity of 300 MW, as well as a comparison of two options for financing the project. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated to stimulate and support renewable energy sources in the southern region of Russia.
Utilization of Waste Glass and Fly Ash as a Replacement of Material Concrete
Authors: Sunarsih Ernawati Sri , Patanti Galuh Widi , Agustin Rima Sri , Rahmawati Kundari 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Waste glass creates serious environmental problems, mainly due to the inconsistency of waste glass streams. Increasing environmental pressure to reduce solid waste and to recycle as much as possible. The properties of concretes containing waste glass as fine aggregate were investigated in this study. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence and percentage optimum of glass waste as replacement of fine aggregate and fly ash as replacement of 20% of weight cement in flexural strength and sorptivity of concrete. This study used the experimental method to measure the results of treatment in research samples in the laboratory. The samples used 24 pieces blocks with dimensions of 150 mm x 150 mm with a length of 600 mm as flexural strength specimens and 24 pieces cylinders with a diameter of 100 mm with height of 50 mm as sorptivity specimens. The variation of glass powder starts from normal concrete 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, each variation consists of 4 samples. The conclusions of this study are there is significant effect between glass powder variations as a replacement for part of fine aggregate and fly ash as a replacement for 20% of the weight of cement to the flexural strength and sorptivity of concrete. The optimum percentage 18.5% of glass powder with a flexural strength of 2.971 MPa and the percentage of the use of glass waste as a partial replacement for optimal fine aggregate which is in the variation of 20% glass powder with an initial sorptivity minimum value of 0.0076 mm/s1/2 and in the variation of 40% glass powder with a secondary sorptivity minimum value of 0.0034 mm/s1/2.