bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(ionic liquid)/Ce‐Based Antimicrobial Nanofibrous Membrane for Blocking Drug‐Resistance Dissemination from MRSA‐Infected Wounds
Authors: Luo Zhenhong , Cui Hengqing , Guo Jiangna , Yao Jieran , Fang Xia , Yan Feng , Wang Bin , Mao Hailei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResistant bacteria have become a global threat. Even if bacteria are killed, their carried drug‐resistant genes can remain in the environment and spread to other microbes via horizontal gene transfer. Development of antimicrobial materials with intrinsic gene break down activity can prevent the dissemination of released drug‐resistant genes from the dead bacteria. Herein, imidazolium type poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)/cerium (IV) ion‐based electrospun nanofibrous membranes (PIL‐Ce) are synthesized. The effects of PIL and Ce moieties on the antimicrobial properties against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and kanamycin‐resistant E. coli, and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), as well as deoxyribonuclease‐mimic activities to the drug‐resistant genes of KanR (E. coli) and mecA (MRSA) are investigated. The Ce‐containing PIL membranes show the high efficiencies to eradicate bacteria and disintegrate drug‐resistant genes. A wound treatment test using MRSA infected mice as the model further demonstrate that PIL‐Ce membranes combine both antibacterial and DNase‐mimic properties, and may have the potential application as a new “green” wound dressing to block the drug resistance spread in a clinical setting.
Biocompatible Light Guide‐Assisted Wearable Devices for Enhanced UV Light Delivery in Deep Skin
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhao Hangbo , Zhao Xingyue , Xu Chenkai , Franklin Daniel , Vázquez‐Guardado Abraham , Bai Wubin , Zhao Jeffrey , Li Kan , Monti Giuditta , Lu Wei , Kobeissi Aya , Tian Limei , Ning Xin , Yu Xinge , Mehta Sunita , Chanda Debashis , Huang Yonggang , Xu Shuai , Perez White Bethany E. , Rogers John A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhototherapy represents an attractive route for treating a range of challenging dermatological diseases. Existing skin phototherapy modalities rely on direct UV illumination, although with limited efficacy in addressing disorders of deeper tissue and with requirements for specialized illumination equipment and masks to shield unaffected regions of the skin. This work introduces a skin‐integrated optoelectronic device that incorporates an array of UVA (360 nm) light emitting diodes in layouts that match those of typical lesional plaques and in designs that couple to biocompatible, penetrating polymer microneedle light waveguides to provide optical access to deep skin. Monte Carlo simulations and experimental results in phantom skin suggest that these waveguides significantly enhance light delivery to deep skin, with a >4‐fold increase for depths of >500 µm. In ex vivo human skin, the devices show reduced measures of phototoxicity compared to direct illumination and enhanced modulation of gene expression relevant to sclerosing skin diseases. These systems are also compatible with design principles in soft, skin‐compatible electronics and battery‐powered wireless operation. Collectively, the favorable mechanical and light delivery properties of these devices expand possibilities in targeting of deep skin lesions beyond those attainable with clinical‐standard UV light therapy approaches.
A Review of Magnesium Aluminum Chloride Complex Electrolytes for Mg Batteries
Authors: Li Yaqi , Guan Shaoliang , Huo Hua , Ma Yulin , Gao Yunzhi , Zuo Pengjian , Yin Geping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeveloping suitable electrolytes with high oxidation decomposition potential, low cost, and good compatibility with electrode materials has been a critical challenge in realizing practical magnesium batteries. The emerging magnesium aluminum chloride complex (MACC) electrolytes based on inorganic chloride salts exhibit high Coulombic efficiencies for magnesium batteries. This review summarizes recent studies of MACC electrolytes, focusing on the synthesis, characterization, and chemical environment of Mg species, electrolytic conditioning of electrolytes, and their application in typical magnesium batteries. The electrolyte evolution and influencing factor of electrolytic conditioning are discussed, and several kinds of conditioning‐free MACC electrolytes are further introduced. Finally, future trends and perspectives in this field are discussed.
Fast and High‐Resolution Ultrasound Pressure Field Mapping Using Luminescent Membranes
Authors: Michels Simon E. , Kersemans Mathias , Versluis Michel , Lajoinie Guillaume , Smet Philippe F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUltrasound is used extensively in medical imaging and therapy, non‐destructive testing, flow sensing, underwater range assessment, and acoustic microscopy. To ensure the accuracy of these techniques, detailed knowledge of the acoustic pressure field produced by the ultrasonic transducer is required. This paper proposes a functional polymer membrane loaded with ultrasound‐activated luminescent microparticles. The semitransparent membrane makes use of the luminescent properties of BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ to convert ultrasonic pressure into visible light in a fast and straightforward way, through a process termed acoustically produced luminescence (APL). APL is shown to work within a wide range of acoustic frequencies (1–25 MHz) and pressures (50 kPa–4.5 MPa), and enables a quantitative characterization of ultrasound fields with a lateral spatial resolution below 200 µm. At the investigated pressures and frequencies, the light generation mechanism is essentially related to ultrasonic heating rather than mechanical stimulation. These membranes offer effective field mapping possibilities, much faster than conventional time consuming point‐by‐point hydrophone scanning.
Decarboxylation‐Initiated Intermolecular Carbon‐Heteroatom Bond Formation
Authors: Zeng Zhongyi , Feceu Abigail , Sivendran Nardana , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarboxylic acids are among the most used feedstock chemicals due to their great structural diversity and easy handling. The use of carboxylic acids and their derivatives in decarboxylative couplings has proven to be a valuable tool for the construction of C−C and C‐heteroatom bonds. This synthetic strategy provides a complementary bond disconnection to traditional cross‐coupling methods. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of decarboxylation‐initiated intermolecular C‐heteroatom bond formation, outlining several main mechanistic concepts combined with early examples and highlighting the achievements made in the past decade until January 2021. In these reactions, carboxylic acids and their derivatives undergo initial decarboxylation and then react with other heteroatom electrophiles and nucleophiles, thus replacing the carboxylate group with a valuable and prevalent heteroatom functionality.magnified image
Dynamic model of beer pricing and buyouts
Authors: Richards Timothy J. , Rickard Bradley J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe beer industry in the United States is in a period of dramatic transformation. Major breweries are acquiring much smaller craft breweries in an attempt to purchase growth, but it is not clear whether these acquisitions are economically viable. In this paper, we study the impact of craft brewery acquisitions on retail beer prices, and firm profitability in a dynamic, Markov‐perfect equilibrium pricing framework. We find that the estimated impact of mergers, or buyouts, is critically dependent upon estimates of the extent of state‐dependence in demand and is, in fact, negatively correlated with the initial shock to demand. That is, if the demand shock is positive, the effect of a buyout will be under‐estimated by not accounting for state‐dependence in demand, while it is over‐estimated if the demand shock is negative. This finding is intuitive as the static model will not properly account for the long‐term positive effects of a demand shock that is initially positive, or the long‐term negative effects that are initially negative. Ultimately, we show that not all the craft‐beer buyouts in 2015 made economic sense from the acquirer's perspective. [EconLit Citations: D43, L13, M31].
The Effects of Flow Disruptions on RN Circulators
Authors: Cohen Tara N. , Boquet Albert J. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe RN circulator role includes maintaining situational awareness and mitigating risks to patient safety in the OR. Flow disruptions—deviations that threaten the safe and efficient flow of surgery—may contribute to the occurrence of errors and negatively affect safety for patients and health care providers. We used an existing data set to explore the effects of flow disruptions on the RN circulator. To create the data set, doctoral‐level human factors students observed 24 cardiac surgery procedures and recorded the types and durations of disruptions. We used a human factors taxonomy to classify the flow disruptions. Of the 1,470 events observed, interruptions were most prevalent (66.67%), followed by coordination issues (15.37%) and communication breakdowns (8.37%). Layout (7.21%), equipment (1.77%), and usability (0.61%) issues accounted for the remainder of the disruptions. Perioperative leaders should work with staff members to minimize workflow disruptions and provide support for identifying and documenting flow disruptions.
Tribo‐material based on a UHMWPE/RGOC biocomposite for using in artificial joints
Authors: Mindivan Ferda , Çolak Alime 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (RGOC) filler that was green synthesized by vitamin C had been included in the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) matrix to produce biocomposite possessing improved properties especially against wear. The biocomposites filled with different loading (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 2.0 wt%) of RGOC was produced by a method of liquid phase ultrasonic mixing and then hot press molding. The structural analysis results of biocomposites showed that RGOC well‐dispersed in polymer matrix and confirmed that there was interaction between the RGOC‐UHMWPE. The biocomposite containing 2.0 wt% RGOC (UHMWPE/RGOC‐2) gave the maximum microhardness and the value increased by 22. 5% compared with unfilled polymer. At the same RGOC content, the biocomposite had the highest thermal stability with residue content at 2.42%. The wear and friction behavior of biocomposites were carried out in a reciprocating friction testing machine under distilled water lubricating conditions. The UHMWPE/RGOC‐2 biocomposite had the lowest friction coefficient value (0.034) and the wear rate of the biocomposite decreased by 44%, compared with that of unfilled UHMWPE. Furthermore, fatigue wear tracks were significantly reduced. This study suggests the use of this composite that had excellent tribological behavior as biomaterial instead of UHMWPE.
Physicochemical modification of hydroxylated polymers to develop thermosensitive double network hydrogels
Authors: Abdolmaleki Amir , Gharibi Hamidreza , Molavian Mohammad Reza , Norouzi Mohammad‐Reza , Asefifeyzabadi Narges 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to the unique biophysicochemical characteristics of synthesized superhydrophilic poly[N‐[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl] acrylamide] (PTHMMA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), in this study, we investigated the preparation of physically and chemically crosslinked thermosensitive double network (DN) hydrogels with superior mechanical properties. The effect of the combination of PTHMMA with PVA was further explored experimentally and theoretically. Moreover, adjusting the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PTHMMA/PVA DN hydrogels in the phosphate buffer was achieved by chemical alteration and crosslinking of water‐soluble polymers. Changing the composition and the extent of ether/acetal linkages altered the LCST based on hydrophilic/hydrophobic composition, which decreased the complexity of adjusting hydrogels' temperature sensitivity. PTHMMA‐comprising hydrogels were found to have non‐Fickian and super case ΙΙ transport characters. Moreover, the construction of shrunken PVA at high temperature was tailored by introducing PTHMMA into the network to permit a relaxed drug release of indomethacin (IND) at 37°C and pH 7.4. Finally, the tensile strength, the equilibrium water content, thermo‐sensitivity, and cell viability behaviors suggest that these materials can be tailored for potential applications as biomaterials.
Data‐driven generalized predictive control for car‐like mobile robots using interval type‐2 T‐S fuzzy neural network
Authors: Shui Yi , Zhao Tao , Dian Songyi , Hu Yi , Guo Rui , Li Shengchuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, for the nonlinear influencing factors such as uncertainty and external disturbance existing in the actual driving process of the car‐like mobile robot (CLMR), a data‐driven generalized predictive control (GPC) method based on interval type‐2 T‐S fuzzy neural network (IT2TSFNN) is proposed for the trajectory tracking of CLMR. The controlled auto‐regressive integrated moving average (CARIMA) model of the mobile robot is established by analyzing data samples and using IT2TSFNN. Then, a generalized predictive controller is designed for the CARIMA model. Also, the global convergence of IT2TSFNN is verified by the Stone‐Weirstrass theorem. Unlike most previous results, the proposed method does not rely on the mathematical model of the mobile robot but only on the historical data of its operation. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method can avoid repeatedly debugging parameters, deal with the influence of uncertain factors, and obtain higher tracking accuracy.
A 30‐year review of copper pitting corrosion and pinhole leaks: Achievements and research gaps
Authors: Gibson John , Karney Bryan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite decades of research, the pitting of copper pipes is poorly understood. This article summarizes the key research findings from 1990 to the present and identifies research gaps. Several lines of evidence suggest that, for soft waters, additional alkalinity or maintaining a pH <8.5 may reduce copper pitting. Phosphate corrosion inhibitors, used to prevent lead corrosion, may also moderate copper pitting in low‐alkalinity waters. However, such inhibitors could also exacerbate pitting due to insufficient coverage or could increase biological growth. Biological processes are likely involved in pitting corrosion, and practices to reduce biological growth may be beneficial. The research gaps identified include a need for better benchmarking, the effects of chemical transients (e.g., chlorine burns) and of hydraulic transients (e.g., water hammer), and changing the residual disinfectant from chlorine to chloramine.Article Impact StatementApproximately 750,000 pinhole leaks are estimated to occur in the United States each year, but we do not really know why.
Under hypoxic conditions, MSCs affect the expression and methylation level of survival‐related genes in ALL independent of apoptosis pathways in vitro
Authors: Marofi Faroogh , Shomali Navid , Younus Laith A. , Hassanzadeh Ali , Vahedi Ghasem , Kuznetsova Mariya Yurievna , Solali Saeed , Gharibi Tohid , Hosseini Arezoo , Mohammed Rebar N. , Mohammadi Hamed , Tamjidifar Rozita , Firouzi‐Amandi Akram , Farshdousti Hagh Majid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most prominent cells in the bone marrow. MSCs can affect acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells under hypoxic conditions. With this aim, we used MOLT‐4 cells as simulators of ALL cells cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) under hypoxic conditions in vitro. Then, mRNA and protein expression of the MAT2A, PDK1, and HK2 genes were evaluated by real‐time PCR and Western blot which was also followed by apoptosis measurement by a flow‐cytometric method. Next, the methylation status of the target genes was investigated by MS‐qPCR. Additionally, candidate gene expressions were examined after treatment with rapamycin using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We found that the mRNA expression of the candidate genes was augmented under the hypoxic condition in which MAT2A was upregulated in cocultured cells compared to MOLT‐4, while HK2 and PDK1 were downregulated. Moreover, we found an association between gene expression and promoter methylation levels of target genes. Besides, expressions of the candidate genes were decreased, while their methylation levels were promoted following treatment with rapamycin. Our results suggest an important role for the BMMSC in regulating the methylation of genes involved in cell survival in hypoxia conditions; however, we found no evidence to prove the MSCs' effect on directing malignant lymphoblastic cells to apoptosis.
Zeichnest du noch oder modellierst du schon?
Authors: Breinig Werner , Bard Madeline , Gonzalez‐Hernandez Abril , Irngartinger Andreas , Rahm Tobias , Siegert Stephan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlanungsbeschleunigung, Kosten‐ und Terminsicherheit sowie Transparenz dominieren inzwischen als Projektziele die Planung und Realisierung von Verkehrsinfrastrukturprojekten. Konventionelle Methoden stoßen hier regelmäßig an ihre Grenzen. Deshalb werden neue, digitale Methoden benötigt, um die genannten Ziele zu erreichen. Die Digitalisierung der Planung, der baulichen Realisierung, aber auch des Betriebs bietet dazu eine große Chance. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt dieser Digitalisierung wird durch die BIM‐Methode adressiert, die u. a. althergebrachte Strukturen hinterfragt. Die DEGES unterstützt aktiv diesen Transformationsprozess durch Wissensteilung mit Dritten, aber auch mit der Implementierung von BIM in Projekten sowie im Unternehmen. Die Projektmanagementgesellschaft DEGES verfolgt dabei den Ansatz der Kategorisierung nach konkreten Handlungsfeldern, zu denen u. a. eine eigene Lernplattform zur BIM‐Kompetenzvermittlung entwickelt wurde. Im Aufsatz werden nach einer eingehenden Einleitung diese Handlungsfelder vorgestellt und so ein Einblick in die BIM‐Maßnahmen bei der DEGES gewährt. Dabei wird immer wieder auf die kulturellen Herausforderungen eingegangen, denn die Digitalisierung verändert nicht nur die Arbeitsmethoden, sondern auch die Form der Zusammenarbeit im Projektteam.
Synthesis of novel oligomeric anionic alkyl glycosides using laccase/TEMPO oxidation and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase)‐catalyzed transglycosylation
Authors: Ngo Ngoc T. N. , Linares‐Pastén Javier A. , Grey Carl , Adlercreutz Patrick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractModification of alkyl glycosides, to alter their properties and widen the scope of potential applications, is of considerable interest. Here, we report the synthesis of new anionic alkyl glycosides with long carbohydrate chains, using two different approaches: laccase/2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation of a long‐carbohydrate‐chain alkyl glycoside and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase)‐catalyzed elongation of anionic alkyl glycosides. The laccase/TEMPO oxidation of dodecyl β‐
d‐maltooctaoside proceeded efficiently with the formation of aldehyde and acid products. However, depolymerization occurred to a large extent, limiting the product yield and purity. On the other hand, CGTase‐catalyzed coupling/disproportionation reactions with α‐cyclodextrin and dodecyl β‐
d‐maltoside diuronic acid (DDM‐2COOH) or octyl β‐
d‐glucuronic acid (OG‐COOH) as substrates gave high conversions, especially when the CGTase Toruzyme was used. It was found that pH had a strong influence on both the enzyme activity and the acceptor specificity. With non‐ionic substrates (dodecyl β‐
d‐maltoside and octyl β‐
d‐glucoside), Toruzyme exhibited high catalytic activity at pH 5–6, but for the acidic substrates (DDM‐2COOH and OG‐COOH) the activity was highest at pH 4. This is most likely due to the enzyme favoring the protonated forms of DDM‐2COOH and OG‐COOH, which exist at lower pH (pKa about 3).
A review of new adsorbents for separation of BTEX biomarkers
Authors: Bahrami Mohammadreza , Pirmohammadi Zahra , Bahrami Abdulrahman 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe biomarker analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEXs) in biological samples is the primary technique for evaluating these compounds in occupational and environmental exposures. The BTEX biomarkers are widely used to study the BTEX distribution in the environment and workplaces. Liquid–liquid extraction and solid‐phase liquid extraction are among the most commonly used conventional methods to analyze biological indices of BTEXs. New methods have been proposed to analyze BTEX biomarkers using novel adsorbents such as sol–gel composite nanotubes, molecularly imprinted polymers and metal–organic frameworks, which are based on the application of needle trap devices, microextraction by packed sorbent, and solid‐phase microextraction techniques. This paper provides an overview of new methods since 2015 regarding applying microextraction methods based on new adsorbents and analyzing BTEX biomarker compounds for occupational and environmental exposures. The results were compared with the liquid‐phase microextraction methods recommended for urinary BTEX biomarkers.
Nitidine chloride suppresses epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and stem cell‐like properties in glioblastoma by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling
Authors: Jia Mingbo , Wang Ying , Guo Yingxue , Yu Pengyue , Sun Ying , Song Yanke , Zhao Liyan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most aggressive and common intracranial malignant tumor, and the prognosis is still poor after various treatments. Based on the poor prognosis of glioma, new drugs that suppress the rapid progression and aggressive growth of glioma are urgently needed. It has been reported that nitidine chloride (NC) can inhibit tumor growth and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and EMT is associated with cancer stem cell properties. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of NC on the EMT process and stem cell‐like properties in glioma cells. The results showed that the migration and invasion abilities in U87 and LN18 glioma cells were significantly increased after the induction of EMT and these effects were inhibited by NC in a concentration‐dependent manner. NC treatment decreased the expression of EMT markers in glioma cells and self‐renewal capacity of glioma stem‐like cells. We demonstrated that these effects of NC were achieved via JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Taken together, these results indicate that NC inhibits the EMT process and glioma stem‐like properties via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, suggesting that NC may be a potential anti‐glioma drug.