bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognizing Ancient South Indian Language Using Artificial Neural Network Associate With Opposition Based Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Nareshkumar A , Geetha G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recognizing signs and fonts of prehistoric language is a fairly difficult job that require special tools. This stipulation makes the dispensation period overriding, difficult, and tiresome to calculate. This paper presents a technique for recognizing ancient south Indian languages by applying Artificial Neural Network (ANN) associated with Opposition based Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm (OGWA). It identifies the prehistoric language, signs and fonts. It is apparent from the ANN system that arbitrarily produced weights or neurons linking various layers plays a significant role in its performance. For adaptively determining these weights, this paper applies various optimization algorithms such as Opposition based Grey Wolf Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization and Grey Wolf Optimization to the ANN system. Performance results have illustrated that the proposed ANN-OGWO technique achieves superior accuracy over the other techniques. In test case 1, the accuracy value of OGWO is 94.89% and in test case 2, the accuracy value of OGWO is 92.34%, on average, the accuracy of OGWO achieves 5.8% greater accuracy than ANN-GWO, 10.1% greater accuracy than ANN-PSO and 22.1% greater accuracy over conventional ANN technique.
A Novel CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Enhanced the Therapeutic Effect of Epirubicin on Bladder Tumors in Rats
Authors: Luo Yang , Fu Xiaoyi , Dong Bin , Men Hongsheng , Zhang Shulin , Tian Sujuan , Han Bin , Zhang Fafu , Yuan Lihong , Meng Minjie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, which boast anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, and chemotherapeutic activities, are promising immunomodulators. Recently, some preclinical studies have highlighted the potent immunostimulatory and anti-tumor effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, which has aroused interest in their potential clinical effects on human cancers.
Methods

In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of a new type of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide whose sequence (5’-AACGTTGTCGTCGACGTCGTCGTCAGGCCTGACGTTATCGATGGCGTTGTCGTCAACGTTGTCGTTAACGTT-3’) was designed by our laboratory in combination with epirubicin in a bladder tumor rat model induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea instillation. Moreover, we explored the safety of the novel CpG oligodeoxynucleotide for bladder tumor therapy by observing the degree of cystolith in the bladder and comparing the results against those of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy, which is a gold-standard treatment for bladder tumor.
Results

All results showed that CpG oligodeoxynucleotide combined with epirubicin significantly inhibited the growth of bladder tumors and reduced the pathological grading. As compared with bladder cells or cytokines observed under the positive control or epirubicin-alone treatment conditions, all indexes including histopathological grading, Mutation P53 gene protein expression, and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) level were significantly optimized by instillation of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Immunohistochemical examination indicated that CpG oligodeoxynucleotide reduced the expression of Mutation P53 gene protein in the bladder tumor rat model. Specifically, the level of IL-2 in rat serum was increased by more than 30% CpG oligodeoxynucleotide treatment combined with epirubicin. Also, in comparison with the degree of cystolith observed in the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin group, no obvious side effects were caused by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide.
Conclusions

CpG oligodeoxynucleotide as an immunomodulator can enhance the efficacy of epirubicin and presents higher safety than Bacillus Calmette–Guérin in treating bladder cancer.
Study On The Effect of Tunicate Cellulose Nanocrystals in The Preparation of Sodium Alginate-Based Enteric Capsule
Authors: Xu Dezhong , Cheng Yanan , Wu Shuai , Zou Qiuxia , Mondal Ajoy Kanti , Ning Dengwen , Huang Fang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, the tunicate cellulose nanocrystal (tCNC) was extracted from tunicate by bleaching and acid hydrolysis. It was used as filler in the preparation of sodium alginate-based enteric capsule. The addition of tCNC with high aspect ratio (65) rendered the enteric capsule excellent physical properties. Compared with the control sample, when the addition of tCNC was 10% (wt), the water contact angle of the capsule was enhanced by 46.0%, the opacity was increased by 356.8%, the maximum tensile stress was increased by 142.6%, the modulus of elasticity was increased by 240.3%, and the elongation at break was increased by 133.8%. In the in vitro degradation experiments, the capsule hardly degraded in the gastric environment (pH 1.2), while in the intestinal environment (pH 6.8), the degradation became slower with the increase of tCNC content, which was consistent with the properties of enteric capsule. This research developed a new direction for the application of tCNC in the pharmaceutical material productions.
Effects of Overexpressed SOCS1 Transfected DCs on Th17- and Treg-Related Cytokines in Mice with COPD
Authors: Liao Shi-Xia , Chen Jie , Zhang Lan-Ying , Zhang Jing , Sun Peng-Peng , Ou-Yang Yao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: In this study, we established a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model by stimulating mice with cigarette smoke, and observed the effects of dendritic cells (DCs) overexpressing SOCS1 on Th17, Treg and other related cytokines in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues of COPD mice.Methods: After successfully transfecting DCs with overexpressing SOCS1 (DC-SOCS1), the mice were injected with DC-SOCS1 (1×106), DC-SOCS1 (2×106) and immature DCs (1×106) via tail vein on days 1 and 7 of COPD fumigation modeling. After day 28 of modeling, the peripheral blood, BALF and lung tissue samples were extracted from the mice, and the changes of DCs, Th17 and Treg cells and related cytokines were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, HE staining, flow cytometry and ELISA.Results: The results showed that DC-SOCS1 was able to reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and increase the anti-inflammatory factors in the COPD mice, and the effect of high concentration (2×106 DC-SOCS1) was better than low concentration (1×106 DC-SOCS1). Moreover, the intervention effect was significant on day 1 compared with day 7. In the mice injected with DC-SOCS1, the expression of CD83, IL-4, Foxp3, and CCR6 was increased on day 1 than those on day 7, while IL-17 and IFN-γ was decreased.Conclusions: Intervention of COPD mice with high concentrations of DCs-SOCS1 reduced pro-inflammatory factor secretion and attenuated the inflammatory response in COPD.Trial registration: Not applicable.
Prevalence of common enteric viruses in municipal wastewater treatment plants and their health risks arising from wastewater reuse
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Zihan , Che Zifan , Hu Xinran , Ying Ming , Ren Hongqiang , Zhang Xu-Xiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Enteric viruses are known to be prevalent in municipal wastewater, but information on the health risks arising from wastewater reuse is limited. This study quantified six common enteric viruses in raw wastewater and determined the effectiveness of different secondary and tertiary treatment processes at reducing their abundances in three full-scale wastewater treatment plants in China. In the raw wastewater, polyomavirus BK and norovirus GII (Nov GII) exhibited the highest abundance among the detected DNA and RNA viruses, respectively, with concentrations &gt;5 log10 copies/L. Viruses in the raw wastewater were mainly removed by the secondary treatment processes, with log reduction values ranging from 1 to 2. The tertiary treatment processes of both chlorination and ultraviolet irradiation facilitated the additional reduction of viruses. The quantitative microbial risk assessment was applied to estimate the health risks of adenovirus (Adv) and Nov GII when reusing the treated wastewater for irrigation of public green spaces and crops. Estimated disability-adjusted life years of Adv and Nov GII for both reuses were higher than the risk threshold (10−6) required by the WHO in the actual scenarios. More effective treatment technologies should be implemented to remove viruses for safe reuse of the treated wastewater.
Factors Associated With Changes In Bone-Mass Density In Post Menopause Female Patients With Osteopenia
Authors: Suryana Bagus Putu Putra , Febriliant Muhammad Reza , Rosandi Rulli , Sukarlin Sukarlin , Lestari Wiji 
Published: November 2021

Background: Many factors can cause changes in bone mass density (BMD) in women with postmenopausal osteopenia. Aim: Determine factors associated with changes in BMD in postmenopausal women with osteopenia with the most influential risk factors within 1 year.Methods: Survey was conducted on 38 patients who were included in the inclusion criteria with a cross-sectional study analysis and had BMD data for the last 2 years, body mass index, and conducted interviews for physical activity, age of menopause, and duration of menopause. Blood samples were also taken to check total calcium levels, vitamin D levels and estrogen levels. Finally, patients are followed for up to 1 week for daily nutrition records. The relationship between these factors and changes in BMD was analyzed using Pearson's or Spearman's test. The analysis result was considered significant if p<0.05.Results: There was no significant relationship between body mass index, menopause duration, physical activity, dietary calcium, serum calcium levels and serum estradiol levels on changes in BMD with p value > 0.05. However, there was a significant relationship between menopause onset and changes in ward mass density (r = 0,321, p = 0,04) and lumbal 1 (r = 0,333, p = 0,04), serum vitamin D levels and changes in great trochanter mass density (r = 0,336, p = 0,036), physical activity score and changes in ward mass density (r = -0,522, p < 0,01).Conclusion: Â menopause onset, vitamin D and physical activity are significantly associated with changes in BMD in female patients with postmenopausal osteopenia.
Impact of SMS Text Messaging Reminders on Helmet Use Among Motorcycle Drivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Campbell Benjamin , Heitner Jesse , Amos Mwelelo Peter , Fogel Alexis , Mujumdar Vaidehi , Adams Lisa V , Boniface Respicious , Su Yanfang 
Published: November 2021

Background
Road traffic injury is a pressing public health issue in Tanzania. Increasing helmet use among motorcycle drivers can help reduce the burden due to road traffic injuries in the country. Helmet adherence can be supported through mobile health interventions.

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the comparative impact of two different types of SMS text messaging reminders on motorcycle helmet use.

Methods
Participants were 391 commercial motorcycle taxi drivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants were randomized into three groups, each receiving a different set of messages: (1) social norming messages aimed at emphasizing society’s positive stance on helmet wearing, (2) fear appeal messages that emphasized the dangers of riding without a helmet, and (3) control group messages, which included basic road safety messages unrelated to helmet use. Every participant received the control messages. Adherence to helmet use was evaluated by self-report through surveys conducted at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks.

Results
At 6 weeks, the odds of self-reporting consistent helmet use were estimated to be 1.58 times higher in the social norming group than in the control group (P=.04), though this difference was not significant after accounting for multiple testing. There was little difference between fear appeal and control group recipients (odds ratio 1.03, P=.47). Subgroup analysis suggests that both fear appeal and social norming message types might have been associated with increased helmet use among participants who did not consistently wear helmets at baseline (odds ratio 1.66 and odds ratio 1.84, respectively), but this was not significant (P=.11 and P=.07, respectively). Among those who were consistent wearers at baseline, the social norming messages performed better than the fear appeal messages, and this difference reached traditional significance (P=.03), but was not significant after accounting for multiple testing.

Conclusions
The use of SMS text messaging reminders may improve helmet use among motorcycle drivers when framed as social norming messages. Given that nearly half of the drivers in our sample did not consistently wear their helmets on every trip, strategies to increase consistent usage could greatly benefit public safety.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02120742; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02120742
Validation of a Mobile Health Technology Platform (FeverTracker) for Malaria Surveillance in India: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Pal Bhowmick Ipsita , Chutia Dibyajyoti , Chouhan Avinash , Nishant Nilay , Raju P L N , Narain Kanwar , Kaur Harpreet , Pebam Rocky , Debnath Jayanta , Tripura Rabindra , Gogoi Kongkona , Ch Nag Suman , Nath Aatreyee , Tripathy Debabrata , Debbarma Jotish , Das Nirapada , Sarkar Ujjwal , Debbarma Rislyn , Roy Rajashree , Debnath Bishal , Dasgupta Dipanjan , Debbarma Suraj , Joy Tripura Kamal , Reang Guneram , Sharma Amit , Rahi Manju , Chhibber-Goel Jyoti 
Published: November 2021

Background
A surveillance system is the foundation for disease prevention and control. Malaria surveillance is crucial for tracking regional and temporal patterns in disease incidence, assisting in recorded details, timely reporting, and frequency of analysis.

Objective
In this study, we aim to develop an integrated surveillance graphical app called FeverTracker, which has been designed to assist the community and health care workers in digital surveillance and thereby contribute toward malaria control and elimination.

Methods
FeverTracker uses a geographic information system and is linked to a web app with automated data digitization, SMS text messaging, and advisory instructions, thereby allowing immediate notification of individual cases to district and state health authorities in real time.

Results
The use of FeverTracker for malaria surveillance is evident, given the archaic paper-based surveillance tools used currently. The use of the app in 19 tribal villages of the Dhalai district in Tripura, India, assisted in the surveillance of 1880 suspected malaria patients and confirmed malaria infection in 93.4% (114/122; Plasmodium falciparum), 4.9% (6/122; P vivax), and 1.6% (2/122; P falciparum/P vivax mixed infection) of cases. Digital tools such as FeverTracker will be critical in integrating disease surveillance, and they offer instant data digitization for downstream processing.

Conclusions
The use of this technology in health care and research will strengthen the ongoing efforts to eliminate malaria. Moreover, FeverTracker provides a modifiable template for deployment in other disease systems.
Nonprofit Governance: Are Related Board Members Bad for Nonprofits?
Authors: Boland Colleen M. , Harris Erica E. , Neely Daniel G. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Following recommendations from a Congressional panel tasked with improving nonprofit governance, in 2005, the IRS began requiring nonprofit organizations to report the existence of family and business relationships among board members. We study these relationships and find they are common in U.S. nonprofits and not associated with assumed detrimental effects. Rather, we find that organizations reporting relationships between board members have less management spending, lower levels of excess cash, and better reporting quality, while receiving higher contributions. Further, using detailed disclosure information, we find that while both business and family relationships among board members are associated with less administrative spending, lower levels of excess cash, and higher contributions, family relationships are also associated with better reporting quality. Overall, our evidence supports the idea that relationships among board members do not harm nonprofit organizations.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI KERJA, DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. ASURANSI JIWASRAYA DI BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Loliyana Rina 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine whether leadership style, work motivation, and workenvironment affect the performance of employees in the PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Persero) BandarLampung. This study uses a quanitative method, with the number of samples in this study were 74respondents. Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that leadershipstyle (X1), work motivation (X2), and work environment (X3) simultaneously have a positive andsignificant effect on employee performance (Y). Work motivation is the variable that has the greatestinfluence on employee performance in the PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Persero) Bandar Lampung.

ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah gaya kepemimpinan, motivasi kerja,dan lingkungan kerja mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan di PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Persero) BandarLampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 74responden. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan (X1), motivasi kerja (X2), dan lingkungan kerja (X3)memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan (Y). Motivasi kerja menjadivariabel yang memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya(Persero) Bandar Lampung.
PENGARUH E-BILLING, DAN PEMAHAMAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PAJAK
Authors: Ardiansyah Arsyad , Destalia Mediya , Harori M Iqbal 
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of e-billing,and understanding of taxation on tax compliance on taxpayers of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) registered at KPP Pratama Tanjung Karang. This type of explanatory research using a quantitative approach. The population in this study were micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) registered at KPP Pratama Tanjung Karang. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample of 100 respondents. Data analysis in this study using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 25.0 software tools. Based on the results of research and data analysis, it shows that partially e-billing and understanding of taxation have a significant effect on tax compliance. The simultaneous test results show that e-billing, and understanding of taxation have an effect on tax compliance.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh e-billing, dan pemahaman perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan pajak pada wajib pajak pelaku usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Tanjung Karang. Jenis penelitian eksplanatori dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pelaku usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Tanjung Karang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sampel 100 responden. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan alat bantu software SPSS 25.0. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial e-billing dan pemahaman perpajakan, berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan pajak. Hasil pengujian secara simultan menunjukan bahwa e-billing, dan pemahaman perpajakan berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan pajak.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG DAPAT MEMPENGARUHI CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE
Authors: Gayetri Adinda , Wardianto K. Bagus , Supriyanto Supriyanto 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to see how CSR's factors, such as liquidity, profitability and firm size, can influence the company in disclosing its Corporate Social Responsibility. This study uses the research object of banking companies for 4 years research period. The sample in this study were 10 companies which were determined by the purposive sampling method. The liquidity variable in this study uses LDR as an indicator, the profitability variable uses ROA as an indicator, and company size uses Ln (Total Assets) as an indicator. The results of this study found that the liquidity, profitability and firm size variables partially had a significant impact on corporate social responsibiity disclosure, and the liquidity, profitability and firm size variables simultaneously had a significant impact on corporate social responsibiity disclosure.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah faktor-faktor CSR yaitu likuiditas, profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan mampu mempengaruhi perusahaan dalam mengungkapkan Corporate Social Responsibility perusahaannya. Penelitian ini memilih objek penelitian perusahaan perbankan dengan periode penelitian 4 tahun. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 9 perusahaan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Variabel likuiditas pada penelitian ini menggunakan LDR sebagai indikator, variabel profitabilitas menggunakan ROA sebagai indikator, serta ukuran perusahaan menggunakan Ln (Total Aset) sebagai indikator. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa variabel likuditas, profitabilitas, serta ukuran perusahaan secara parsial mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap corporate social responsibiity disclosure, dan variabel likuiditas, profitabilitas serta ukuran perusahaan secara simultan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap corporate social responsibiity disclosure.
Cofide : evolución y acción para el desarrollo
Authors: Terrones Morote Luis Miguel 
Published: November 2021

Toda persona que ha tenido la oportunidad de estar en estrecho contacto con actividades empresariales de pequeña o microescala, conoce que existe un paso crítico en su evolución y crecimiento : el apoyo crediticio. La comprensión del rol de la Corporación Financiera de Desarrollo (Cofide) y las tendencias de los principales agentes del sistema financiero nacional expuestas en este artículo, nos permitirán tener una mejor visión acerca de cómo actúan estas herramientas de desarrollo en nuestra economía.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE PREDICTORS OF VICTIM BEHAVIOR OF YOUNGER SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Афанасьева Ольга Федоровна 
Published: November 2021

Рассматриваются аспекты виктимного поведения младших школьников, связанные с готовностью ребенка к обучению в школе, процессом его адаптации и проявлениями состояния тревожности. Обозначены психологические основания комплексной подготовки к школе и последствия низкого уровня готовности. Описываются результаты исследования, направленного на определение взаимосвязи недостаточной готовности к школе и уровня тревожности, которые могут стать причиной проявления отклоняющегося поведения, в частности виктимности.
The aspects of victim behavior of primary schoolchildren are considered, which are connected with the child's readiness to learn at school, the process of his adaptation and manifestations of the state of anxiety. The psychological foundations of complex preparation for school and the consequences of a low level of readiness are outlined. The article describes the results of a study aimed at determining the relationship between insufficient readiness for school and the level of anxiety, which can cause the manifestation of deviant behavior, in particular, victimization.