bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Acetylfuran and Furfural from Tamarindus indica as Lipoxygenase Inhibitor: In Silico Study
Authors: Rophi Apriani Herni , Bare Yohanes , Sari Dewi Ratih Tirto 
Published: August 2021

Background: Tamarindus indica is a type of plant sub-family Caesalpinioideae, which is predicted to have anti-inflammatory properties. When inflammation occurs, arachidonic acid will undergo metabolism, the LOX pathway will release 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Objective: This study aimed to analyze the potential of acetylfuran and furfural compounds on LOX action. Methods: The compound Acetylfuran (CID 14505), Furfural (CID 7362) were downloaded from the PubChem database. The 5-LOX protein was obtained from PDB (6N2W), preparation by removing ligands and molecules that bind to Discovery Studio V19.1.0.18287. Compound and protein interactions have interacted with the Vina autodock software integrated into the PyRX software and analyzed by Discovery Studio V19.1.0.18287. Results: The results showed that the content of Acetylfuran and Furfural compounds in Tamarindus indica is predicted to have the potential as an inhibitor of the LOX gene on different amino acid residues, namely 3 amino acid residues and 4 amino acid residues, respectively and produce binding energy. In addition, van der Waals forces, hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds were found, giving the strength of the bonds formed. Conclusion: Bioactive acetylfuran and furfural have the potential as a drug to curve inflammation in the human body.
YARA İYİLEŞMESİ, BAKIMI VE TEDAVİSİ
Authors: ÖZTAŞ Pınar 
Published: August 2021

Dokuların bütünlüğünün ve işleyişlerinin bozul¬masına yara adı verilir. Bu işleyişin yeniden sağlanmasına ve doku bütünlüğünün yeniden kazanılmasına ise yara iyileşmesi adı verilir.
Akut yara, travmatik veya cerrahi olarak oluşan, genellikle iyileşme sürecine iyi yanıt veren, temiz yaralardır. Kronik yara ise geç veya güç iyileşen ya da iyileşmeyen yaralardır. Kronik yaraların en sık sebepleri ise diyabetik ayak, venöz ülser, basınç yarası, arteriyel yetmezlik yarası ve radyasyon hasarı olarak sıralanabilir. Yara iyileşmesinde birbirinden ayrı ancak iç içe geçmiş üç basamağı bulunmaktadır: İnflamasyon fazı, proliferasyon fazı, olgunlaşma ve yeniden şekillenme fazı. Yara iyileşme sürecinde pek çok sitokin de etkin rol oynar. PDGF (Platelet Derived Growth Factor), TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor), TGF-beta (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) fibroblast göçünü sağlar ve bu fibroblastlar, yarayı bir arada tutan pıhtıdan daha kuvvetli bir yapı oluşturur. Geçici matriks; fibrin, fibronektin ve kollajen tip 3’ten oluşurken sekonder matriks Kolajen tip 1 ile oluşur. 2002 yılında yara uzlaşma grubu yara iyileşmesinde önemli kriterleri belirlemişlerdir. TIME başlığında belirlenen bu kriterler; T (Tissue: doku özellikleri), I (İnfection: enfeksiyon), M (moisture: doku nemliliği) ve E (Edge: doku kenar özellikleri) olarak tanımlanmıştır. Yara örtüleri beş temel kategoride incelenebilir: Filmler, köpükler, hidrokolloid, aljinat ve hidrojeller. Son yıllarda biyomühendislik metodları ile üretilen teknolojik ürünler yara tedavisinde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu ürünler giderek canlı deriyi daha iyi taklit eder hale gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte gümüş gibi yüzlerce yıldır kullanılmakta olan ürünler de halen tedavideki değerlerini korumaktadır. Bu makalede yaranın oluşum mekanizmaları, evrelendirilmesi, bakım, tedavi ve kayıt tutulmasındaki önemli noktalar vurgulanmıştır. Yara tedavisi zor, sabır gerektiren ve multidisipliner yaklaşımın gerekli olduğu bir takım çalışmasıdır.
Scientifc assessment of the degree of implementation of the state policy to reduce abuse of alcoholic products and prevent alcoholism among the population of the Russian Federation until 2020
Authors: Salagay O. O. , Soshkina K.  V. , Brun E. A. , Kekelidze Z.  I. , Klimenko T.  V. , Kobyakova  O.  S. , Khalturina D.  A. , Zykov  V.  A. 
Published: August 2021

Goal. The goal of this study was to assess the scale of the implementation of the measures of the Concept to Reduce Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Dependence among the Population of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2020.Methods. Research methods included legal analysis, as well as epidemiological and sociological data analysis.Results. The goals and the indicators of the Concept were achieved generally. According to our assessment, 15 (71%) out of 21 of the Concept’s measures have been implemented, among them 12 were fully, and 3 were partially (14%) implemented. Out of the 17 evidence-based measures of the Concept, 15 (88%) were implemented in full or in part.Alcohol consumption decreased from 15,7 to 9,1 liters of ethanol per capita (or by 42%) in 2008–2019. Mortality from accidental alcohol poisoning decreased by 60% (from 16,9 to 7 per 100.000) between 2008 and 2020. There was a signifcant decrease in the indicators of alcoholism in Russia during the period of the implementation of the Concept.Conclusions. The study shows that the goals, the objectives, the measures and the indicators of the Concept have been largely achieved. This was accompanied by the decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with alcohol consumption in Russia.
Guest Editorial: The Engineering Approach to Carbon-Emissions Management
Authors: Meehan D. Nathan 
Published: August 2021

Every engineer and manager knows that you can only improve performance that you measure and track. That is why we have key performance indicators (KPIs). Similarly, we can only optimize what we can predict. If we really want to lower carbon emissions, we will need to implement a consistent method of measuring and tracking the right data. There are challenges in improving what we track because tracking comes from so many sources. We need to work on optimizing what we predict if we are going to start making high-value decisions around emissions.
Carbon emissions occur during all phases of the hydrocarbon extraction industry right through to the final use of the product. We call the total life cycle of emissions “well to wheels.” SPE members are generally focused on one phase of the carbon emissions.
The largest contribution is the combustion and use of produced oil, from refinery to wheels. This is typically about 350–400 kg of CO2 equivalent per barrel. We use CO2 equivalent to include the greenhouse-gas (GHG) impact of methane. Then, there is the energy and carbon expenditure of producing that hydrocarbon, well to refinery. This includes drilling, completions, production, and transportation. Carbon emissions from the wells to refinery vary from less than 25 kg to more than
300 kg CO2 equivalent per barrel, averaging about 100. Flaring and fugitive emissions are generally the largest contributors to these emissions.
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activism is driving changes in behavior for public investors, private investors, lenders, and management teams. When will the measuring be done? Who will set the industry standards? How will the model be developed?
Carbon emissions from shale production vary dramatically and are also driven by flaring and fugitives. While flaring is preferable to venting, most low-volume flares are inefficient. Operators flare for a variety of reasons including lack of pipeline capacity, upsets, and low value for natural gas.
Fugitive emissions also enter the equation. Fugitive emissions are any leakage or irregular release to the atmosphere of natural gas. This can be caused by human error, mechanical operations (such as pneumatic actuators), or faulty equipment. Fugitive emissions and flaring both factor into the well-to-reservoir carbon footprint.
Many operators already report the carbon intensity of their activities, usually prior-year activities. Carbon intensity is the carbon emissions per unit of energy or per barrel. A variety of regulatory bodies and others argue the definitions of such reporting. We are arguing for reporting estimated carbon intensity of reserves.
As Oil Transitions to “Energy,” OFS Firms Revisit Priorities and Positions
Authors: Feder Judy 
Published: August 2021

As the oilfield service sector emerges from a downturn and into a post-COVID-19 world, the companies that comprise it are repositioning them-selves along with their product and service portfolios to demonstrate their ability to sustainably support both new energy solutions and legacy oil and gas customers. This will mean charting new paths through a rapidly changing energy sector and protecting core competencies while entering new markets full of both opportunity and uncertainty.
That is already happening among the sector’s heavyweights. While they still have large legacy businesses focused on hydrocarbons, some are adopting broader energy services business models to reflect the move toward cleaner fuels and renewables. And some are diversifying into new industries altogether, where they can leverage their assets’ competencies to expand their revenue base and potentially broaden their appeal to investors.
Capital Discipline and Patience Sriram Srinivasan, Halliburton’s company’s senior vice president, global technology, said his company is pursuing a long-term journey of looking for solutions to control emissions across the entire upstream operations spread.
“It’s no longer just about deciding where or when to turn pumps on and off or change a gear in the engine powering the pumps in a hydraulic fracturing spread to get improved downhole outcomes. It’s also about embedding energy considerations for emissions reduction across the board,” he said. “We have always designed for performance, cost, serviceability, and operability. Now we’ve added emissions sustainability.”
He used artificial lift as an example. “Electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are big consumers of electricity. Anything you can do to improve the energy efficiency of ESPs goes a long way toward reducing carbon footprint.”
Most ESPs today are powered by electric induction motors. Halliburton is now looking at permanent magnet motors and associated electronic drives to maximize the efficiency of the motors, and thus, the pumps.
The pump design can also be made more efficient by optimizing the design of the impeller blades.
“Another challenge,” he continued, “is that when sand gets into the pumps, it degrades efficiency, so the pump becomes less efficient the longer it stays in the well. We need changes in coatings to prevent sand from agglomerating on the blades. How do you get a cheap coating that will protect from sand?”
Srinivasan also pointed out that energy efficiency can be improved and carbon footprint reduced by spending less time drilling the same kinds of wells, noting that standardization, digitalization, and automation are key enablers. “The industry is still heavily manual, many people are involved, and there is still way too much paper,” he said, adding that there is huge potential for efficiency improvements and also real urgency around achieving efficiency in every aspect of the drilling operation.
Technology Focus: Wellbore Tubulars (July 2021)
Authors: Samuel Robello 
Published: August 2021

How we think about the future of the pipe industry must evolve. How must tubular design and manufacturing change as we transition to clean energy? Geothermal energy is an area that needs attention and, further, needs very specific attention on tubulars. Tubulars are an important component in the construction of geothermal wells, and we must align our requirements for geothermal energy.
Some of the main challenges encountered in geothermal wells are corrosion and scaling. Moreover, temperature becomes a major consideration for tubulars, even more so with the temperature excursion during geothermal production.
Perhaps the critical aspect in the design of the geothermal wells involves casing selection and design. Beyond manufacturing casing pipes to withstand these problems, considering the manufacturing of other components, such as connections, float collars, and float shoes, also is essential. Thermal expansion and thermal excursion of casings are well-integrity concerns; thus, casing design is important for long-term sustainability of geothermal wells.
Apart from thermal simulations, guidelines and software are needed to undergird the designs to withstand not only temperature excursions but also thermomechanical and thermochemical loadings. Engineered nonmetallic casings also provide an alternative solution because they provide the desired strength and corrosion resistance in addition to meeting the goals of sustainability. Undoubtedly, the future of the tubular industry is going to be revitalized. The question now is how we can retrofit existing abandoned wells for this purpose.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 199570 - Special Considerations for Well-Tubular Design at Elevated Temperatures by Gang Tao, C-FER Technologies, et al.
FOUR Score Versus GCS in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury in the Prehospital Setting
Authors: Furman Matej Rubelli , Gorenjak Mario , Ravnik Janez 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In the last few decades, different coma scoring scales have been proposed. The purpose of this study is to compare two coma scales, the GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) and the FOUR score (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness score), aiming to examine which scale is better for predicting outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the prehospital setting.Methods: We evaluated the GCS and FOUR scores in the prehospital setting at three different prehospital timepoints, and we reassessed the scores in surviving patients 24 hours, one month and three months after the injury. Then, we compared the outcomes.We used the χ² method, and based on the analysis with the best cut-off point for each model, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity and correct prediction of outcomes with four severity scores. The Youden index, Z score, McNemar's test and ROC curve were also assessed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Both scales were ranked with gain ratios.Results: We included 200 TBI patients who were treated in a prehospital setting by a prehospital specialized medical unit. In terms of the predictions of positive outcomes, our study showed the following:1. Twenty-four hours after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the FOUR 1 and GCS 1 models.2. One month after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the following models: FOUR 2 and GCS 3 as well as FOUR 3 and GCS 3.3. Three months after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the following models: FOUR 2 and GCS 1, FOUR 3 and GCS 1, and GCS 1 and GCS 2.Conclusions: In our study, the results of our research confirm that there are no practical or clinical differences between the GCS and FOUR scores in terms of predicting morality outcomes 24 hours, one month, and three months after injury. No statistically significant differences were found in the Youden index or the area under the ROC curve 24 hours, one month or three months after the injury.
Glaucoma Screening Skills Among General Ophthalmologists-- How General Should it Be?
Authors: Gawas Lisika , Roy Avik Kumar , Rao Aparna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the glaucoma assessment skills among general ophthalmologists in their referral patients over a span of 5 years.Methods: Details of consecutive new glaucoma patients seen in the glaucoma services of a tertiary eye care institute in 2013 and 2018 were collected from the hospital database. Details of each patient were obtained from the electronic medical records which included the clinical presentation, baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), type and severity of glaucoma, referral details, gonioscopy, HVF (humphrey visual field) data and number of medications. Results: Of 28,886 medical records screened, 211 & 568 new glaucoma patients were retrieved in 2013 & 2018 respectively. The patients presenting in 2018 were younger (58.1±15.4 years) at presentation than in 2013 (65.6±15.2 years); p<0.01 and also had higher baseline IOP (IOP ≥40mm Hg was found in 9.5% in 2018 versus 2.4% in 2013; p<0.01). The percentage of eyes with presenting visual acuity worse than 20/400 or 20/600 was higher in the patients presenting in 2018, (22.2% vs. 15.1%); p=0.03. Though primary glaucoma predominated in both periods, number of eyes referred to as disc suspects showed an increase in 2018 (4.7% to 14.4%; p<0.01). Among 195 & 517 referrals in 2013 and 2018 respectively, the documentation of clinical findings were dismally poor in both the groups in terms of absent gonioscopy (99% vs. 98.2%, p=0.4), absent disc details (89.6% vs. 91%, p=0.5) or absent visual field analysis (79.1% vs. 74.8%, p=0.2). However, the missing of IOP values was significantly better in the latter year (77.3% vs. 57.2%; p<0.01) Conclusion: The increase in number of new glaucoma patients and referrals did not show a corresponding improvement in documentation of findings except IOP recording among general ophthalmologists. Hence we need to re-emphasize on the training of general ophthalmologists on basic glaucoma evaluation to improve their referral ability.
The Correlation of Respiratory System Compliance and Mortality in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Do Phenotypes Really Exist?
Authors: Choron Rachel L. , Iacono Stephen A. , Cong Alexander , Bargoud Christopher G. , Teichman Amanda L. , Krumrei Nicole J. , Manderski Michelle T. Bover , Rodricks Michael B , Gupta Rajan , Lissauer Matthew E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:
Recent literature suggests respiratory system compliance (Crs) based phenotypes exist among COVID-19 ARDS patients. We sought to determine whether these phenotypes exist and whether Crs predicts mortality.
Methods:
A retrospective observational cohort study of 111 COVID-19 ARDS patients admitted March 11-July 8, 2020. Crs was averaged for the first 72-hours of mechanical ventilation. Crs < 30ml/cmH2O was defined as poor Crs(phenotype-H) whereas Crs ≥ 30ml/cmH2O as preserved Crs(phenotype-L).
Results:
111 COVID-19 ARDS patients were included, 40 phenotype-H and 71 phenotype-L. Both the mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio for the first 72-hours of mechanical ventilation and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio hospital nadir were lower in phenotype-H than L(115[IQR87] vs 165[87], p = 0.016), (63[32] vs 75[59], p = 0.026). There were no difference in characteristics, diagnostic studies, or complications between groups. Twenty-seven (67.5%) phenotype-H patients died vs 37(52.1%) phenotype-L(p = 0.115). Multivariable regression did not reveal a mortality difference between phenotypes; however, a 2-fold mortality increase was noted in Crs < 20 vs > 50ml/cmH2O when analyzing ordinal Crs groups. Moving up one group level (ex. Crs30-39.9ml/cmH2O to 40-49.9ml/cmH2O), was marginally associated with 14% lower risk of death(RR = 0.86, 95%CI 0.72, 1.01, p = 0.065). This attenuated(RR = 0.94, 95%CI 0.80, 1.11) when adjusting for pH nadir and PaO2/FiO2 ratio nadir.
Conclusion:
We identified a spectrum of Crs in COVID-19 ARDS similar to Crs distribution in non-COVID-19 ARDS. While we identified increasing mortality as Crs decreased, there was no specific threshold marking significantly different mortality based on phenotype. We therefore would not define COVID-19 ARDS patients by phenotypes-H or L and would not stray from traditional ARDS ventilator management strategies.
Study on Plasma Exosome Biomarkers of Pregnant Women with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Feng Fan , Jiang Mei , Liu Wei , Xu Di , Huang Xiao-Mei , shao yong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background：Elevated serum total bile acid level is currently the main index for clinical diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, but the use of TBA as a detection index has certain limitations. The early diagnosis of ICP and new treatment options still need to be further strengthened. Methods: Plasma samples were collected, and exosomes were isolated. Key differential proteins were screened by bioinformatics methods. ELISA method was used to detect the concentration of the key differential protein cluster in plasma samples, and the ROC curve was drawn to find out the best critical value. Results: There were 138 differentially expressed proteins between the ICP group and the normal group by quantitative analysis. Cluster protein was screened as a clinical validation index. The cluster protein concentration of plasma exosomes in the ICP group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.0001). ROC curve analysis showed that the best critical point for diagnosing ICP according to the plasma exosome cluster protein concentration of pregnant women was 255.28 ng/ml. In the ICP group, the best crucial point for predicting ICP with premature delivery is 286.72 ng/ml. Conclusion: the plasma exosome cluster protein concentration of ICP pregnant women is significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women. When the plasma cluster protein concentration of pregnant women is more remarkable than 255.28ng/ml, ICP can be diagnosed. When the plasma cluster protein concentration of pregnant women is higher than 286.72ng/ml, ICP pregnant women are more likely to have a premature birth.
A Contribution to Knowledge of Gyroporus (Gyroporaceae, Boletales) in China: Three New Taxa and Amended Descriptions of Two Previous Species
Authors: Xie Hui-Jing , Tang Li-Ping , Mu Man , Fan Yu-Guang , Jiang Shuai , Su Ming-Sheng , Liang Zhi-Qun , Zeng Nian-Kai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Some species of Gyroporus (Gyroporaceae, Boletales) in China are investigated on the basis of morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Six Chinese species are recognized in the present study. Among them, G. memnonius, G. porphyreus and G. subglobosus are new to science; G. longicystidiatus and G. paramjitii are previously described; and one ambiguous taxon tentatively named G. cf. castaneus. A key to known species of Gyroporus in China is also provided. A preliminary biogeographical analysis shows that Gyroporus in East Asia and Southeast/South Asia are closely related. Gyroporus longicystidiatus and G. paramjitii are geographically widespread species occurring in East Asia and Southeast/South Asia; G. cf. castaneus is a shared species between East Asia and Europe.
Risk-Score Based Strategy to Minimize Antibiotic Exposure in Children With Sickle Cell Disease and Fever
Authors: Rincón-López Elena Maria , Gómez María Luisa Navarro , Matos Teresa Hernández-Sampelayo , Aguilera-Alonso David , Moreno Eva Dueñas , Cano José María Bellón , Saavedra-Lozano Jesús , Sebastián María del Mar Santos , Morín Marina García , Bieler Cristina Beléndez , Romero Jorge Lorente , de Julián Elena Cela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Severe bacterial infections (SBI) have become less frequent in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the last decades. However, because of their potential risk of SBI, they usually receive empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics when they develop fever and are hospitalized in many cases. We performed a prospective study including 79 SCD patients with fever [median age 4.1 (1.7–7.5) years, 78.5% males; 17 of the episodes were diagnosed with SBI and 4 of them were confirmed] and developed a risk score for the prediction of SBI. The optimal score included CRP > 3 mg/dl, IL-6 > 125 pg/ml and hypoxemia, with an AUC of 0.91 (0.83–0.96) for the prediction of confirmed SBI and 0.86 (0.77–0.93) for possible SBI. We classified the patients in 3 groups: low, intermediate and high risk of SBI. Our risk-score based management proposal could help to safely minimize antibiotic treatments and hospital admissions in children with SCD at low risk of SBI.