bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a high-resolution ocean ensemble future projection dataset for the North Pacific incorporating simple biogeochemical processes
Authors: Nishikawa Shiro , Sugiyama Toru , Kurogi Masao , Tsujino Hiroyuki , Nakano Hideyuki , Ishikawa Yoichi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, we developed a new version of the future ocean regional projection dataset in the North Pacific (FORP-NP10) by performing an ensemble of historical and multi-scenario future projection simulations from 1960 to 2100 using a high-resolution ocean downscaling model system driven by surface forcings based on the atmospheric data of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (Phase 5). This version is characterized by the inclusion of simple biogeochemical processes within the simulations of the multi-case (four forcing cases) and multi-future projection scenarios (representative concentration pathway 2.6 and 8.5) using a mesoscale eddy-resolving (approximately 10 km) horizontal resolution. The dataset reasonably represented the main biogeochemical properties in the North Pacific and around Japan, such as surface CO2 flux, pH, subsurface oxygen, surface nitrate, and chlorophyll, as well as the ocean physics of the regions, including the mesoscale/frontal structures of the Kuroshio, Kuroshio Extension, and mixed layer depth. We assessed the bias tendencies and structures of these properties by comparing them with observational reference data and the low-resolution model results. Our ensemble dataset consistently projected future upper-ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and changes in nutrient and primary production in the twenty-first century (reported as global analyses in recent reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in the regions surrounding Japan, revealing that the future changes exhibited spatial contrasts or varying tendencies in the regions.
A review on composites based on upconversion nanoparticles and graphene oxide: development and theranostic applications centered at solid tumors
Authors: Ghorpade Kabirdas B. , Kumar Manoj , Tiwari Sanjay 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUpconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted considerable interest for the imaging of solid tumors because of their unique optical features. These applications can be expanded towards anticancer therapeutics by developing UCNP-graphene oxide (GO) composites. This strategy addresses low loading capacity and poor dispersibility of UCNPs in physiological media. These aspects have been covered in this article. We begin by discussing the synthesis methods and challenges associated with UCNPs, along with their surface modification strategies. Next, we describe the approaches of designing UCNP-GO composites and their applications in imaging, biosensing, and different therapeutic platforms.
Graphical Abstract
Surface-activated bonding between a 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V structure and bulk aluminum
Authors: Mercer Christopher , Hasegawa Akira , Hosoda Naoe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSurface-activated bonding (SAB) of a 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V pillar structure (fabricated by selective laser melting) to pure bulk aluminum at room temperature has been investigated. Argon beam irradiation was used to remove surface contaminants and “activate” the surfaces prior to bonding. The surface chemistry of the Ti-6Al-4V surface was analyzed using Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) to make sure any oxides had been removed by the irradiation procedure. The two materials were successfully bonded via SAB using special bonding apparatus, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) observation revealed a flat well-bonded interface with no obvious porosity. Furthermore, no thick reaction layer that could compromise the strength of the bond was evident. An oxide layer approximately 2 nm in thickness was observed at the interface by high-resolution TEM, but this is not considered sufficient to have a detrimental effect on bond integrity. The results of the investigation show that 3D-printed materials and structures can be successfully joined to aluminum by SAB techniques.
Dietary methionine supplementation promotes mice hematopoiesis after irradiation
Authors: Zhang Wei-Wei , Xiang Yang , Chen Li , Liu Shao-Ting , Lin Chuan-Chuan , Li Jiu-Xuan , Xiang Li-Xin , Chen Nan-Xi , Shi Dong-Ling , Zhang Yang-Yang , Wang Xue-Ying , Hu Lan-Yue , Chen Sai , Luo Ya , Tan Cheng-Ning , Xue Pei-Pei , Jiang Yang-Zhou , Li Sheng-Wen Calvin , Yang Zhen-Xing , Dai Ji-Gang , Li Zhong-Jun , Ran Qian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
With the increasing risk of nuclear exposure, more attention has been paid to the prevention and treatment of acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Although amino acids are key nutrients involved in hematopoietic regulation, the impacts of amino acids on bone marrow hematopoiesis following irradiation and the associated mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Hence, it is of paramount importance to study the changes in amino acid metabolism after irradiation and their effects on hematopoiesis as well as the related mechanisms.

Methods
The content of serum amino acids was analyzed using metabolomic sequencing. The survival rate and body weight of the irradiated mice were detected after altering the methionine content in the diet. Extracellular matrix (ECM) protein analysis was performed via proteomics analysis. Inflammatory factors were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence were employed to determine the mechanism by which S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) regulates macrophage polarization.

Results
The survival time of irradiated mice was significantly associated with alterations in multiple amino acids, particularly methionine. A high methionine diet promoted irradiation tolerance, especially in the recovery of bone marrow hematopoiesis, yet with dose limitations. Folate metabolism could partially alleviate the dose bottleneck by reducing the accumulation of homocysteine. Mechanistically, high methionine levels maintained the abundance of ECM components, including collagens and glycoproteins, in the bone marrow post-irradiation, among which the level of S100A4 was significantly changed. S100A4 regulated macrophage polarization via the STAT3 pathway, inhibited bone marrow inflammation and facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.

Conclusions
We have demonstrated that an appropriate elevation in dietary methionine enhances irradiation tolerance in mice and explains the mechanism by which methionine regulates bone marrow hematopoiesis after irradiation.
Does lifting female piglets by one hind leg increase the risk of umbilical and hind leg lesions?
Authors: Barington Kristiane , Hansen Marie Høy , Andersen Amanda Bastian , Pedersen Ken Steen , Larsen Inge 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Umbilical lesions in pigs have a negative impact on animal welfare and productivity. It has been suggested that lifting young piglets by one hind leg may be a risk factor for developing omphalitis and umbilical hernia. However, the hypothesis that lifting piglets by one hind leg should stretch the umbilical wall and impede the healing of the umbilicus has not yet been investigated. The present study examined if piglets caught, lifted, and carried by one hind leg have an increased risk of developing lesions in the umbilicus and the hind legs compared to piglets caught, lifted, and carried with support under the abdomen.

Materials and methods
In a commercial indoor sow herd, 1901 piglets were randomly allocated into two groups on the day of birth. Piglets in Group 1 (986 piglets) were caught, lifted, and carried by one hind leg (either left or right, as the same leg was not necessarily used each time). Piglets in Group 2 (915 piglets), were caught, lifted, and carried with support under the abdomen. All piglets were lifted 8–10 times during the first 14 days of life as a part of routine management procedures. From each group, 50 female piglets, 14 days old, were randomly selected and euthanised for necropsy and histopathological evaluation.

Results
The risk of having haemosiderophages in the umbilicus was 1.4 times higher in piglets caught, lifted, and carried by one hind leg compared to piglets caught, lifted, and carried with support under the abdomen (p = 0.01). No other variable differed significantly between the groups. Omphalitis was present in 68% and 58% of piglets in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, umbilical herniation was present in 14% and 12% of piglets in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Lesions were present in the hind legs of piglets in both groups and included synovial hyperplasia, neutrophilic granulocyte infiltration, oedema, and haemorrhage.

Conclusion
Female piglets caught, lifted, and carried by one hind leg did not have an increased risk of umbilical hernia, omphalitis, or joint lesions compared to piglets caught, lifted, and carried with support under the abdomen.
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) symptom verbal response scales: content validity testing for use in adults with CRSwNP
Authors: Keeley Tom , Gaw Nina , Ahmed Waseem , Alfonso-Cristancho Rafael , Sousa Ana R. , Forde Katie , Sharp Rosie , Whyman Sophie , Gater Adam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
PRO measures of symptoms in clinical trials have historically utilized visual and numerical scales but verbal descriptors may make it easier for patients to clearly differentiate between response options. This study assessed content validity and meaningful change in five verbal response scales (VRSs) used to assess chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) symptom severity.

Methodology
This qualitative, semi-structured interview study recruited adults from the US, Germany, and China with confirmed moderate-to-severe CRSwNP. Interviews included a concept elicitation section, where participants were asked about their experience of living with CRSwNP including symptoms and health-related quality-of-life impacts, and a cognitive debriefing section, where participants were debriefed and participant understanding and real-life relevance of the CRSwNP symptom VRS content were assessed. Interview transcripts were qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis methods.

Results
Among the 24 participants interviewed, the most frequently reported CRSwNP symptoms were nasal obstruction, runny nose, mucus in the throat, loss of smell and facial pain/pressure. Participants demonstrated good understanding of the CRSwNP symptom VRS instructions, items, recall period, and response options. The five CRSwNP symptom VRS items were relevant to the majority of participants’ experience of CRSwNP. At the item level, a one-category within-person improvement was the level most frequently reported by participants to be a meaningful change.

Conclusion
The CRSwNP symptom VRSs assess relevant and bothersome symptoms experienced by patients with moderate-to-severe CRSwNP, supporting content validity of this measure. The findings of this study provided preliminary insights into meaningful change in the VRS. Further quantitative assessment of meaningful change is needed, and psychometric evaluation of the CRSwNP symptom VRSs will be required to evaluate their appropriateness for assessment of clinical trial endpoints in patients with CRSwNP.
Short-term dynamics of fecal microbiome and antibiotic resistance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following antibiotic treatment and withdrawal
Authors: Kim Min Kyo , Lee Yoonhang , Park Jiyeon , Lee Ju-Yeop , Kang Hyo-Young , Heo Young-Ung , Kim Do-Hyung 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
In aquaculture, the secretions of cultured organisms contribute to the development of aquatic antibiotic resistance. However, the antibiotic-induced changes in fish feces remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the short-term dynamics of fecal microbiome and antibiotic resistance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) upon antibiotic treatment and withdrawal period.

Methods
Fish were orally administered diets supplemented with oxytetracycline (OTC) or sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (SDZ/TMP) for 10 consecutive days, followed by a 25-day withdrawal period. Fecal samples were collected before antibiotic treatment (day 0), and at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days post antibiotic administration (dpa), as well as 1, 3, 7, 14, and 25 days post antibiotic cessation (dpc). The fecal microbiome community was profiled using both culture-dependent and -independent methods. The relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) in the feces were quantified using real-time PCR.

Results
Antibiotic treatment disrupted the fecal microbial communities, and this alteration persisted even after antibiotic cessation. Moreover, OTC treatment increased the relative abundance of tet genes, while sul and dfr genes increased in the SDZ/TMP-treated group. Notably, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus exhibited a significant correlation with the abundance of ARGs, suggesting their potential role as carriers for ARGs.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the antibiotic-induced changes in the fecal microbiome and the increase of ARGs in rainbow trout feces. These findings provide novel insights into the dynamics of microbiome recovery post-antibiotic cessation and suggest that fish feces provide a non-invasive approach to predict changes in the fish gut microbiome and resistome.
Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics mitigate mucosal damages from F18+ Escherichia coli challenges by positively balancing the mucosal microbiota in the jejunum of young pigs
Authors: Gormley Alexa R. , Duarte Marcos Elias , Deng Zixiao , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most prevalent causes of diarrhea in young animals. Postbiotics derived from yeast have the potential to positively influence the mucosal microbiota in the jejunum, therefore it was hypothesized that Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics could enhance the microbiota and mucosal immune response in the jejunum, mitigating the effects of infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a Saccharomyces yeast postbiotic on the mucosal microbiota and mucosal immune response in the jejunum of newly weaned pigs challenged with F18+E. coli.

Results
Thirty-six individually housed nursery pigs were allotted into three treatments utilizing a randomized complete block design; negative control (NC: basal diet, no challenge), positive control (PC: basal diet, challenge), and SYP (basal diet + Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics at 175 g/ton, challenge). On d 7, PC and SYP were orally inoculated with F18+E. coli, whereas NC received saline. On d 28, pigs were euthanized for sampling of the jejunum to analyze the mucosal microbiota, oxidative stress, immune status, and intestinal morphology. The PC reduced (P < 0.05) growth performance compared to NC. The SYP improved (P < 0.05) fecal score from d 7–18 when compared with PC. SYP reduced (P < 0.05) protein carbonyl, reduced (P < 0.05) gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4, and increased (P < 0.05) gene expression of mammalian target of rapamycin, compared with PC.

Conclusions
Challenge with F18+E. coli negatively impacted jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota and jejunal morphology, affecting growth performance. Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics could reduce the negative effects associated with F18+E. coli infection.
Retrieval of patent ductus arteriosus device embolization using hybrid approach: a case report
Authors: Karuru Uma Devi , Tummala Sadanand Reddy , Naveen T. , Mysore Sai Kumar , Kanjerla Kiran Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect that requires closure to prevent complications like heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Catheter-based closure using devices such as the Amplatzer duct occluder is the preferred method due to its minimally invasive nature. However, device embolization is a rare but recognized complication, particularly in small children or high-flow PDAs.

Case presentation
We report a rare and complex case of spontaneous embolization of a PDA closure device into the descending aorta in an 11-month-old female. The patient, with a history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections and poor weight gain, underwent a PDA closure procedure after a thorough assessment. During the procedure, the Amplatzer Duct Occluder I device unexpectedly migrated into the descending aorta. Despite initial attempts at percutaneous retrieval using a goose neck snare, the device lodged in the left common iliac artery due to size discrepancy. Further snaring was abandoned to prevent the risk of artery dissection. The patient was then taken for emergency surgical exploration. The cardiovascular surgical team successfully retrieved the device through a left supra-inguinal incision, with no complications post-surgery. The patient showed improved limb perfusion and was discharged one week later.

Conclusions
This case underscores the importance of meticulous procedural planning, multidisciplinary collaboration, and adaptive decision-making in managing rare and challenging complications during PDA device closure. The successful outcome, despite the complex nature of the complication, highlights the effectiveness of combining percutaneous and surgical approaches in pediatric cardiology.
Galangin promotes apoptosis by upregulating the pro-apoptotic gene BAX in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Sinnarkar Shruti , Suryawanshi Poonam , Dilip Amol , Bhawalkar Jitendra , Ladke Vaibhav 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive and formidable subtypes of breast cancer, devoid of targeted therapy and frequently leading to unfavorable prognoses and significant side effects. The demand for creative and effective treatment options has prompted the current study to investigate the potential of natural chemicals as therapeutic agents. This study intends to examine the efficacy of Galangin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, in treating triple-negative breast cancer.

Methods
The research utilizes a dual methodology, combining in silico network pharmacology with in vitro experimental methods. The in silico research proved crucial in finding significant gene targets and cellular signaling pathways influenced by Galangin in triple-negative breast cancer. To corroborate these computational predictions, a variety of in vitro studies were conducted, including the MTT assay, wound scratch assay, apoptosis assay, reactive oxygen species assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assessment, and RT-PCR.

Results
Fifteen prevalent genes were identified, demonstrating involvement in cellular proliferation, apoptosis regulation, cell migration, MAPK cascade regulation, and cell cycle regulation. The predominant genes implicated in the ten principal pathways were MAPK1, MAPK8, MAPK14, and IL6, which were observed to be linked to the MAPK signaling pathway, perhaps serving as the critical channel through which Galangin may facilitate the treatment of oral cancer. In vitro experiments demonstrated anti-proliferative effects, late-stage apoptosis, anti-migratory characteristics, antioxidant activity, and upregulation of the pro-apoptotic BAX gene.

Conclusion
This study’s results demonstrate that Galangin possesses considerable anti-proliferative effects on TNBC cells, underscoring its potential as a viable therapeutic drug. These findings facilitate the development of more effective and precisely focused therapy approaches for TNBC, providing optimism for enhanced treatment outcomes for patients suffering from this challenging disease.
State of art on the role of using a nanofluid in enhancing heat transfer in microchannels with different geometries
Authors: Elfatah Mahmoud G. Abd , Abd-Ellatif Osama E. , Attia Ahmed A. A. , Elnady Abdelrady O. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanofluids in microchannels present a promising solution for enhancing heat dissipation across various engineering applications. This study provide an in-depth analysis of nanofluid role in improving heat transfer efficiency, focusing on critical factors such as nanoparticle concentration, type, and size. The influence of microchannel geometry—such as sinusoidal, square, and circular designs—and the addition of rib structures were also examined. A noticeable increase in the pressure drop was observed across the spectrum of microchannel investigations beyond a concentration threshold of 1 vol. %. Diverging-converging channels demonstrated potential for enhancing heat transfer with minimal pressure drop and pumping power. Most of the reviewed papers have used water and water-ethylene glycol mixtures (65% and 16%, respectively), along with the prevalent use of Al2O3 nanoparticles (37%), underscoring the need to explore alternative base fluids and nanoparticle combinations to achieve optimal performance. The focus on numerical simulations with 61% and 75% single-phase flow in numerical studies highlights the potential to expand research into multiphase flow phenomena. Furthermore, the limited exploration of nanoparticle shape effects and the reliance on simplistic thermal conductivity models point toward avenues for future investigation and model refinement.
Fantastic proteins and where to find them – histones, in the nucleus and beyond
Authors: Grinat Johanna , Shriever Noah P. , Christophorou Maria A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Animal genomes are packaged into chromatin, a highly dynamic macromolecular structure of DNA and histone proteins organised into nucleosomes. This accommodates packaging of lengthy genomic sequences within the physical confines of the nucleus while also enabling precise regulation of access to genetic information. However, histones existed before chromatin and have lesser-known functions beyond genome regulation. Most notably, histones are potent antimicrobial agents, and the release of chromatin to the extracellular space is a defence mechanism nearly as ancient and widespread as chromatin itself. Histone sequences have changed very little throughout evolution, suggesting the possibility that some of their ‘non-canonical’ functions are at play in parallel or in concert with their genome regulatory functions. In this Review, we take an evolutionary perspective of histone, nuclear chromatin and extracellular chromatin biology and describe the known extranuclear and extracellular functions of histones. We detail molecular mechanisms of chromatin release and extracellular chromatin sensing, and we discuss their roles in physiology and disease. Finally, we present evidence and give a perspective on the potential of extracellular histones to act as bioactive, cell modulatory factors.
The Landmark Series: Cancer Vaccines for Solid Tumors
Authors: Ninmer Emily K. , Xu Feifan , Slingluff Craig L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Immunotherapy has become an integral part of the treatment for solid tumors. Cancer vaccines represent a potentially powerful class of immunotherapeutic agents to drive antitumor immunity. Cancer vaccine development involves selecting immunogenic target antigens expressed by tumor cells that can be effectively delivered for uptake by antigen-presenting cells to generate a robust adaptive immune response against tumor. While numerous cancer vaccines have been shown to produce antigen-specific immune responses, translating promising results of immunogenicity from early-phase trials into durable clinical benefit in larger randomized trials has remained elusive. Recent findings support new enthusiasm for several cancer vaccine approaches for solid tumors. This review will discuss landmark historic clinical trials in cancer vaccine development and strategies to optimize cancer vaccines to achieve improved clinical efficacy.