bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Report on Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor
Authors: Madavi Sanket  V. , Gujar Samruddhi , Sharma Ranjana , Ankar Ruchira , Pohekar Savita , Sakharkar Sheetal , Tembhare Vaishali , Bokade Kanchan 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: A germ cell is a type of Tumor that arises from germ cell (GCT). Germ cell tumors are both cancerous and benign. The gonads contains majority of germ cell (ovary and testis). GCT that arise outside the gonads could be the result of embryo devlopment errors.
Clinical Findings: Abdominal mass without pain, backache, and weight loss.
Diagnostic Evaluation: HCG and alphafetoprotein level in the blood identifying women with malignant ovarian germ cell tumor is beneficial. Serum alphafetoprotein and HCG is elevated as condition progress.
Therapeutic Intervention: Patient treated with inj. Bleomycin, inj. Cisplatin, inj.Etoposide, tab Pan 40 miligram and inj. Emset.
Conclusion: A 3year old female was admitted in AVBRH Sawangi Meghe wardha with the major complaint of right abdominal swelling for 6 month, both when they observed abdominal mass without pain and swelling was small in size and backache and weight loss.
Antibacterial Effect of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Erwinia amylovora and Induction of Crop Growth
Authors: Jagathy K. , Lavanya K. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely recognized as one of the most promising types of materials in a wide range of applications, including agriculture. Modern systemic efforts have identified several therapeutically active microalgae-derived compounds, including phenols, flavonoids and others. The antibacterial properties of the phenolic substances were demonstrated. Hence, the present study aims to exhibit the antibacterial activity of the bioactive compound capped silver nanoparticles under in vitro conditions.
Methods: Bioactive compound separated by Solid-phase Extraction method. Dispersible Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the bioactive compound as the major capping agent. Zinc nitrate was used as starting material and its reduction was carried by phenolic components of Spirulina platensis aqueous extract from Zn2+ to ZnO. The synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles are characterized by H1 NMR spectroscopy. Conjugated nanoparticles are characterized physically by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. SEM demonstrated particle sizes in the range 10–15 nm. ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial activity against an isolated plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Time kill determination assay was done.
Findings: Phenols obtained after Solid Phase Extraction. Hence, this was regarded as the maximum quantified bioactive compound of Spirulina platensis. H1 NMR spectroscopy analyses showed the presence of phenolic compounds and alcohols groups of long chain were also detected. In SEM analysis, the mean diameter of spherical Phenols-ZnOPs is less than 15 nm surrounded by the capping agent. In given time periods of 4, 8, 16, and 24 hour cells, concentrations of 1000µg/mL were 42 %, 33 %, 20 %, and 18 %. At 500 µg/mL of extract concentration, Spirulina platensis inhibited 50% bacterial proliferation (IC50) of Erwinia amylovora. A significant inhibitory effect (p<0.0001) was seen against the plant pathogenic strain.
Novelty: In addition to their antibacterial activities, biosynthesized ZnO-NPs are thought to show promise efficacy as growth accelerators. The most dangerous bacterial disease of pear and apple trees is fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora. Phenolic capped ZnO-NPs have been found to be efficient plant pathogen antagonists.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Stereo‐ and Enantioselective Cross‐Coupling of gem‐Difluoroalkenes with Carbon Electrophiles by C−F Bond Activation
Authors: Zhu Ziqi , Lin Lin , Xiao Jieshuai , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStereo‐ and enantioselective cross‐electrophile coupling involving C−F bond activation is reported. Treatment of gem‐difluoroalkenes with racemic benzyl electrophiles in the presence of a chiral nickel complex using B2pin2 as a stoichiometric reductant allows the construction of a C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond under mild conditions, affording a broad range of monofluoroalkenes bearing stereogenic allylic centers. Initial mechanistic studies indicate that a radical chain pathway may be operating, wherein the ester group in the gem‐difluoroalkene promotes C−F bond activation through oxidative addition to a Ni species.
Gene Fusion and Directed Evolution to Break Structural Symmetry and Boost Catalysis by an Oligomeric C−C Bond‐Forming Enzyme
Authors: Xu Guangcai , Kunzendorf Andreas , Crotti Michele , Rozeboom Henriëtte J. , Thunnissen Andy‐Mark W. H. , Poelarends Gerrit J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGene duplication and fusion are among the primary natural processes that generate new proteins from simpler ancestors. Here we adopted this strategy to evolve a promiscuous homohexameric 4‐oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4‐OT) into an efficient biocatalyst for enantioselective Michael reactions. We first designed a tandem‐fused 4‐OT to allow independent sequence diversification of adjacent subunits by directed evolution. This fused 4‐OT was then subjected to eleven rounds of directed evolution to give variant 4‐OT(F11), which showed an up to 320‐fold enhanced activity for the Michael addition of nitromethane to cinnamaldehydes. Crystallographic analysis revealed that 4‐OT(F11) has an unusual asymmetric trimeric architecture in which one of the monomers is flipped 180° relative to the others. This gene duplication and fusion strategy to break structural symmetry is likely to become an indispensable asset of the enzyme engineering toolbox, finding wide use in engineering oligomeric proteins.
Photoredox‐katalysierte defluorierende Funktionalisierungen von polyfluorierten aliphatischen Amiden und Estern
Authors: Ye Jian‐Heng , Bellotti Peter , Heusel Corinna , Glorius Frank 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDie selektive C‐F‐Bindungsfunktionalisierung von Perfluoralkyl‐Einheiten birgt ein großes Potenzial für den Zugang zu funktionalisierten fluororganischen Verbindungen, stellt jedoch aufgrund der hohen C‐F‐Bindungsstärke und den damit verbundenen Selektivitätsproblemen eine Herausforderung dar. Wir berichten über einen neuen katalytischen Ansatz zur selektiven Funktionalisierung der starken C‐F‐Bindungen in polyfluorierten aliphatischen Estern und Amiden. Diese einfache Reaktion verläuft mild und operativ und mit divergenten Umsetzungen, einschließlich Hydrodefluorierung, Defluoralkylierung und Defluoralkenylierung, die eine Vielzahl von wichtigen teilfluorierten Motiven liefern. Unkomplizierte nachgeschaltete chemische Umsetzungen zu fluorierten Alkoholen, Aminen und Arzneimittelderivaten unterstreichen die Relevanz der Transformation.
A Carbene Strategy for Progressive (Deutero)Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroalkyl Ketones
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Zhang Xinyu , Song Qingmin , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Wang Zikun , Zanoni Giuseppe , Bi Xihe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrodefluorination is one of the most promising chemical strategies to degrade perfluorochemicals into partially fluorinated compounds. However, controlled progressive hydrodefluorination remains a significant challenge, owing to the decrease in the strength of C−F bonds along with the defluorination. Here we describe a carbene strategy for the sequential (deutero)hydrodefluorination of perfluoroalkyl ketones under rhodium catalysis, allowing for the controllable preparation of difluoroalkyl‐ and monofluoroalkyl ketones from aryl‐ and even alkyl‐substituted perfluoro‐alkyl ketones in high yield with excellent functional group tolerance. The reaction mechanism and the origin of the intriguing chemoselectivity of the reaction were rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Ordered PtFeIr Intermetallic Nanowires Prepared through a Silica‐Protection Strategy for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yang Zhaojun , Yang Hongzhou , Shang Lu , Zhang Tierui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeveloping efficient and stable Pt‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is a way to promote the large‐scale application of fuel cells. Pt‐based alloy nanowires are promising ORR catalysts, but their application is hampered by activity loss caused by structural destruction during long‐term cycling. Herein, the preparation of ordered PtFeIr intermetallic nanowire catalysts with an average diameter of 2.6 nm and face‐centered tetragonal structure (fct‐PtFeIr/C) is reported. A silica‐protected strategy prevents the deformation of PtFeIr nanowires during the phase transition at high temperature. The as‐prepared fct‐PtFeIr/C exhibited superior mass activity for ORR (2.03 A mgPt−1) than disordered PtFeIr nanowires with face‐centered cubic structure (1.11 A mgPt−1) and commercial Pt/C (0.21 A mgPt−1). Importantly, the structure and electrochemical performance of fct‐PtFeIr/C were maintained after stability tests, showing the advantages of the ordered structure.
Biosynthesis of Gut‐Microbiota‐Derived Lantibiotics Reveals a Subgroup of S8 Family Proteases for Class III Leader Removal
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Hong Zhilai , Zhou Liang , Zhang Zhenkun , Tang Ting , Guo Erpeng , Zheng Jie , Wang Ciji , Dai Lei , Si Tong , Wang Huan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLanthipeptides are a group of ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides with diverse structural features and bioactivities. Gut‐microbiota‐derived lanthipeptides play important roles in gut homeostasis of the host. Herein, we report the discovery and biosynthesis of class III lantibiotics named amylopeptins, which are derived from the gut microbiota of Sprague‐Dawley rats and display a narrow antimicrobial spectrum. In contrast to known class III lanthipeptides, the biosynthesis of amylopeptins employs AmyP, which belongs to a subgroup of S8 family serine proteases, to remove the leader of corresponding precursor peptides in a site‐specific manner during the last step of their maturation. Overall, this study shows for the first time that S8 family proteases participate in the biosynthesis of class III lanthipeptides.
Enhanced Electrochemistry of Single Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Wenmin , Li Jian , Xia Xing‐Hua , Zhou Yi‐Ge 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe structure–function relationship of plasmon‐enhanced electrochemistry (PEEC) is of great importance for the design of efficient PEEC catalysts, but is rarely investigated at single nanoparticle level for the lack of an efficient nanoscale methodology. Herein, we report the utilization of nanoparticle impact electrochemistry to allow single nanoparticle PEEC, where the effect of incident light on the plasmonic Ag/Au nanoparticles for accelerating cobalt metal–organic framework nanosheets (Co‐MOFNs) catalyzed hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is systematically explored. It is found that the plasmon‐excited hot carrier injection can lower the reaction activation energy, resulting in a much promoted reaction probability and the integral charge generated from individual collisions. Besides, a plasmonic nanoparticle filtering method is established to effectively distinguish different plasmonic nanoparticles. This work provides a unique view in understanding the intrinsic physicochemical properties for PEEC at the nano‐confined domains.
Toward Engineered Biosynthesis of Drugs in Human Cells
Authors: Matsuda Shinya , Tsunematsu Yuta , Matsushita Takuma , Ogata Yuji , Hachiya Shihomi , Kishimoto Shinji , Miyoshi Noriyuki , Watanabe Kenji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiosynthetic genes are not only responsible for the formation of bioactive substances but also suited for other applications including gene therapy. To test the feasibility of human cells producing antibiotics in situ when provided with a heterologous biosynthetic gene, we focused on cytochrome P450, the class of enzymes important in conferring bioactivity to natural product precursors. We selected Fma‐P450 that plays a central role in the fumagillin antimicrobial biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus to examine fungal metabolite production by HeLa cells that express fma‐P450 heterologously. Here we show that HeLa cells harboring fma‐P450 can biosynthesize 5‐hydroxyl‐β‐trans‐bergamoten and cytotoxic 5‐epi‐demethoxyfumagillol when supplemented with the nontoxic precursor β‐trans‐bergamotene. While the production level was insufficient to effect cell death, we demonstrate that programming human cells to autogenerate antibiotics by introducing a heterologous biosynthetic gene is feasible.
Coexistence of Tellurium Cations and Anions in Phosphonium‐Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Grasser Matthias A. , Pietsch Tobias , Blasius Jan , Hollóczki Oldamur , Brunner Eike , Doert Thomas , Ruck Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElemental tellurium readily dissolves in ionic liquids (ILs) based on tetraalkylphosphonium cations even at temperatures below 100 °C. In the case of ILs with acetate, decanoate, or dicyanamide anions, dark red to purple colored solutions form. A study combining NMR, UV‐Vis and Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of tellurium anions (Ten)2− with chain lengths up to at least n=5, which are in dynamic equilibrium with each other. Since external influences could be excluded and no evidence of an ionic liquid reaction was found, disproportionation of the tellurium is the only possible dissolution mechanism. Although the spectroscopic detection of tellurium cations in these solutions is difficult, the coexistence of tellurium cations, such as (Te4)2+ and (Te6)4+, and tellurium anions could be proven by cyclic voltammetry and electrodeposition experiments. DFT calculations indicate that electrostatic interactions with the ions of the ILs are sufficient to stabilize both types of tellurium ions in solution.
Color mapping of the building façades in the historical urban fabric: The Ayazini village civil architectural examples
Authors: Süvari Anıl , Okuyucu Şerife Ebru , Çoban Gamze 
Published: December 2021

AbstractColor, which extends from the urban scale to the space scale, is important design elements expressing the unique visual and psychological identity of a settlement in the architecture. Every settlement has original color schemes formed with natural and human construction elements. The tinctorial designs in urban settlements in the present day have become gradually distant from natural and cultural elements because of the developing construction techniques after the industrial revolution. However, the vernacular architecture was able to preserve its color identity from the landscape, building façades, and interior space colors. In this study the environmental color mapping method is used for the determination of the prevalent colors. The environmental color mapping studies are made with an on‐site examination, the photographing in an unfiltered manner of the colors or with the specimen‐taking techniques. Subsequently, the averages are determined connected to the densities of the colors with the help of computer technologies. In this study, the Ayazini settlement sampling area was chosen, which was registered as a cultural heritage value connected to Afyonkarahisar Province. Ayazini, which is an extension of the Phrygian Valley, and that has a 6000‐year‐old past, is in a region where volcanic tufa rocks are found. The architectural fabric, the rock carvings, and the tufa building stone were formed with the shaping technique with the design of the inner spaces and the structural surfaces. The tufa rocks are the most important natural environmental elements, which determine the landscape, structure, and inner space character of Ayazini village. In this study, by taking the color change specimens occurring in the natural and artificial process of tufa rocks with the aim of producing the environmental color mapping of the Ayazini tufa, the averages connected to the densities of colors were determined. According to the data obtained at the end of the study, ıt was concluded that the dominant colors observed in the Ayazini tufa were khaki, pastel gray, ash gray, platinum, cadet gray, and armor gray. It is thought that these colors could be a reference for new designs with the landscape and architectural preservation activities that would be made at the settlement place. In this context, it is proposed for the colors obtained at the conclusion of the environmental color mapping to be used in the traditional house façades within the scope of the façade strengthening activities, which are continuing in the Ayazini region.
An efficient functional magnetic resonance imaging data reduction strategy using neighborhood preserving embedding algorithm
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Huanjie , Hao Yuxing , Hu Guoqiang , Zhang Yunge , Frederick Blaise de B. , Cong Fengyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh dimensionality data have become common in neuroimaging fields, especially group‐level functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets. fMRI connectivity analysis is a widely used, powerful technique for studying functional brain networks to probe underlying mechanisms of brain function and neuropsychological disorders. However, data‐driven technique like independent components analysis (ICA), can yield unstable and inconsistent results, confounding the true effects of interest and hindering the understanding of brain functionality and connectivity. A key contributing factor to this instability is the information loss that occurs during fMRI data reduction. Data reduction of high dimensionality fMRI data in the temporal domain to identify the important information within group datasets is necessary for such analyses and is crucial to ensure the accuracy and stability of the outputs. In this study, we describe an fMRI data reduction strategy based on an adapted neighborhood preserving embedding (NPE) algorithm. Both simulated and real data results indicate that, compared with the widely used data reduction method, principal component analysis, the NPE‐based data reduction method (a) shows superior performance on efficient data reduction, while enhancing group‐level information, (b) develops a unique stratagem for selecting components based on an adjacency graph of eigenvectors, (c) generates more reliable and reproducible brain networks under different model orders when the outputs of NPE are used for ICA, (d) is more sensitive to revealing task‐evoked activation for task fMRI, and (e) is extremely attractive and powerful for the increasingly popular fast fMRI and very large datasets.
Measuring and valuing broader impacts in public health: Development of a sanitation‐related quality of life instrument in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Ross Ian , Greco Giulia , Opondo Charles , Adriano Zaida , Nala Rassul , Brown Joe , Dreibelbis Robert , Cumming Oliver 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo billion people globally lack access to a basic toilet. While improving sanitation reduces infectious disease, toilet users often identify privacy, safety and dignity as more important. However, these outcomes have not been incorporated in sanitation‐related economic evaluations. This illustrates the general challenge of outcome measurement and valuation in the economic evaluation of public health interventions, and risks misallocating the US$ 20 billion invested in sanitation in low‐ and middle‐income countries every year. In this study in urban Mozambique, we develop an instrument to measure sanitation‐related quality of life (SanQoL). Applying methods from health economics and the capability approach, we develop a descriptive system to measure five attributes identified in prior qualitative research: disgust, health, shame, safety and privacy. Sampling individuals from the intervention and control groups of a sanitation intervention trial, we elicit attribute ranks to value a SanQoL index and assess its validity and reliability. In combination with a measure of time using a sanitation service, SanQoL can quantify incremental benefits in a sanitation‐focused cost‐effectiveness analysis. After monetary valuation based on willingness to pay, QoL benefits could be summed with health gains in cost‐benefit analysis, the most common method in sanitation economic evaluations.
The relationship between insecurity and the quality of hospital care provided to women with abortion‐related complications in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Wolomby‐Molondo Jean‐José , Calvert Clara , Seguin Rachelle , Qureshi Zahida , Tunçalp Özge , Filippi Véronique 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between insecurity and quality of care provided for abortion complications in high‐volume hospitals in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).MethodsUsing the WHO Multi‐Country Survey on Abortion complications, we analyzed data for 1007 women who received care in 24 facilities in DRC. For inputs of care, we calculated the percentage of facilities in secure and insecure areas meeting 12 readiness criteria for infrastructure and capability. For process and outcomes of care, we estimated the association between security and eight indicators using generalized estimating equation models.ResultsFacilities in secure areas were more likely to report functioning electricity (93.3% vs 66.7%), availability of an obstetrician 24/7 (42.9% vs 28.6%), and the ability to offer several short‐acting contraceptives (83.3% vs 57.1%). However, a higher percentage of facilities in insecure areas reported the availability of a telephone or radio (100% vs 80.0%). Women in insecure areas appeared more likely to experience poor quality clinical care overall than women in secure areas (aOR 2.56; 95% CI, 1.13–5.82, P = 0.03). However, there was no association between security and incomplete medical records (P = 0.20), use of dilatation and curettage (D&C) (P = 0.84), women reporting poor experience of care (P = 0.22), satisfaction with care (P = 0.25), and severe maternal outcomes (P = 0.56). There was weak evidence of an association between security and nonreceipt of contraceptives (P = 0.07), with women in insecure areas 70% less likely to report no contraception (aOR 0.31, 95% CI, 0.09–1.09). Use of D&C was high in secure (43.7%) and insecure (60.4%) areas.ConclusionQuality of care did not seem to be very different in secure and insecure areas in DRC, except for some key infrastructure, supply, and human resources elements. The frequent use of D&C for uterine evacuation, the lack of good record keeping, and the lack of contraceptives should be urgently addressed.