bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P118 The prevalence of self-reported sleep difficulties in wind farm noise, urban road traffic noise and quiet rural exposure areas in South Australia
Authors: Rawson G , Catcheside P , Zajamšek B , Hansen K , Lack L , Vakulin A , Lovato N , Bruck D , Taylor A , Gill T , Toson B , Dal Grande L , Scott H , Micic G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The prevalence of sleep difficulties from wind farm noise (WFN) compared to road traffic noise (RTN) or other sources is unknown. This study investigated the prevalence, severity and source of sleep difficulties in WFN, RTN and quiet rural exposure areas.

Methods
Geographic sampling and computer assisted telephone interviews were used to evaluate sleep difficulties (falling or staying asleep, waking too early, or feeling unrefreshed) attributed to RTN, WFN or non-WFN and RTN related factors using 0–4 scales (none, mild, moderate, severe, very severe). Three groups were sampled; WFN exposed (n=38–84 in five 2 km bands &lt;10 km from a wind farm; total 372), RTN exposed (n=87 &lt;800 m from a busy road &gt;50,000 vehicles/day) and quiet rural controls (n=83). Preliminary prevalence estimates and odds of moderate-to-very severe sleep difficulties attributed to RTN, WFN or other sources were evaluated.

Results
Few WFN exposed respondents attributed sleep difficulties to WFN (0.8%) compared to moderate-to-very severe difficulties from RTN (2.2%) or other sources (16.1%). Sleep difficulties were higher in RTN exposed (17.2%) compared to quiet (6% OR[95%CI] 4.1[1.3–13.0]) or WFN exposed (OR[95%CI] 9.5[3.9–23.3]) rural areas. Sleep difficulties attributed to other sources were not different between groups (Chi² p=0.054), but tended to be higher in urban RTN exposed residents (26.4%).

Conclusions
Preliminary findings do not support more prevalent sleep difficulties in WFN compared to RTN exposed or quiet rural area residents. Given low rates of WFN-attributed sleep difficulties, larger and/or more sensitive studies remain warranted to further clarify potential WFN effects on sleep.
Outcomes of open partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in the minimally invasive approach era
Authors: Shibamori Kosuke , Hashimoto Kohei , Shindo Tetsuya , Tabata Hidetoshi , Kyoda Yuki , Kobayashi Ko , Tanaka Toshiaki , Masumori Naoya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
We investigated the characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent open partial nephrectomy (OPN) in the minimally invasive approach era.

Materials and methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 52 patients (55 cases) who underwent OPN from May 2009 to March 2016. We assessed perioperative change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), complications, and oncological outcomes. Tumor complexity was evaluated using the R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score (NS) and the modified NS.

Results:
Fifteen cases (27%) had imperative indications and 40 (73%) had elective indications. The elective cases were more likely to have adverse tumor complexity based on NS. The perioperative complication rate defined as a Clavien-Dindo grade ≥IIIa was 11%. The rate of postoperative decline in eGFR at 1 month, 1 year, and 2 years was 22%, 20%, and 21%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that male gender (odds ratio [OR] 11.8, p = 0.03), NS ≥9 (OR 13.9, p = 0.02), modified NS ≥11 (OR 13.5, p = 0.01), and cold ischemic time ≥40 minutes (OR 7.9, p = 0.04) were significantly associated with worsening eGFR at 1 year after surgery. During a median follow-up period of 52 months, the 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were 93% and 84%, respectively.

Conclusions:
OPN is acceptable with regard to oncological outcomes and complications in the minimally invasive surgery era. We propose that OPN should be the preferred approach in cases in which it is technically difficult to preserve maximum renal function via a minimally invasive approach.
Accuracy and Reliability of Self-measured Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma Patients Using the iCare HOME Tonometer
Authors: Ogle Jeanne J. , Soo Hoo Wai Cheng , Chua Chun Hau , Yip Leonard W.L. 
Published: October 2021

Précis:
The iCare HOME tonometer is a useful tool which can be used by patients for fairly accurate and reliable self-measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP).

Purpose:
The aim was to compare the accuracy of IOP measurements of trained glaucoma patients using the iCare HOME tonometer before and after a week of self-monitoring at home and study the repeatability of patient measurements done at home.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 40 glaucoma patients had IOPs measured using the Goldmann applanation tonometer and the iCare HOME. Patients were trained to use the iCare HOME and measured their IOP twice daily over a loan period of 7 days. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess agreement between Goldmann applanation tonometer and iCare HOME readings. Intraclass correlation coefficient compared inter-rater reliability of iCare HOME measurements, and test-retest variability for the patient’s readings over the 7-day period were analyzed. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to assess the patient’s experience with the device.

Results:
Up to 32 patients (80%) were able to obtain IOP readings within 3 mm Hg of the glaucoma nurse clinician’s readings at the preloan visit, and up to 36 patients (90%) at the postloan visit. Good inter-rater reliability was observed between iCare HOME measurements by the glaucoma nurse clinician and patients. At the postloan visit, inter-rater reliability was good for right eye readings and excellent for left eye readings. No distinct trend in test-retest variability was identified over the 7-day period. 65% of patients agreed the device was easy to use and 89% would recommend the device to other glaucoma patients.

Conclusion:
Patients trained to use the iCare HOME device can do so with fair accuracy compared with trainers with accuracy improving within 1 week of usage.
A Decrease in Bruch’s Membrane Opening-Minimum Rim Area Precedes Decreased Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Visual Field Loss in Glaucoma
Authors: Choi Hyun Sup , Joo Chan Woong , Park Sung Pyo , Na Kyeong Ik 
Published: October 2021

Précis:
A decrease in Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim area, which represents the optic nerve head (ONH), preceded a decrease in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and the visual field index (VFI).

Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the relative comparison between a decrease in BMO-MRA, the peripapillary RNFLT, and the VFI, according to the severity of glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study included 121 eyes (73 with open-angle glaucoma and 48 normal eyes). The ONH and retinal nerve fiber layer were analyzed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and VFI was obtained using the Humphrey Field Analyzer. The tipping points of RNFLT for VFI and BMO-MRA were estimated using broken-stick regression models. Polynomial regression analysis was performed, and the changes in the 3 parameters were expressed as a graph.

Results:
The tipping point of the RNFLT for the VFI was 88.62 μm [95% confidence interval (CI): 79.59-97.65; P=0.001]. The tipping point of the RNFLT for BMO-MRA was 60.00 μm (95% CI: 48.28-71.72; P=0.220). Above the tipping point, BMO-MRA decreased with a decrease in the RNFLT (slope=0.0135; 95% CI: 0.0115-0.0155; P<0.001); below the tipping point, BMO-MRA did not decrease significantly (slope=0.0002; 95% CI: −0.0177 to 0.0181; P=0.983). Polynomial regression analysis showed that with the progression of glaucoma, BMO-MRA decreased more rapidly, and this preceded a decrease in the RNFLT followed by a decrease in the VFI.

Conclusion:
The ONH parameter, BMO-MRA, showed a faster decrease than RNFLT and VFI in early glaucoma. BMO-MRA may help detect early glaucomatous damage and its progression.
Intraocular Pressure Changes in the Contralateral Eye After Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Meshksar Aidin , Hajizadeh Maryam , Sharifipour Farideh , Yazdani Shahin , Pakravan Mohammad , Kheiri Bahareh 
Published: October 2021

Précis:
Glaucoma surgery in 1 eye can result in significant intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in the fellow eye in a significant percentage of subjects. This effect is more pronounced following glaucoma drainage device implantation and in subjects developing postoperative hypotony in the first eye.

Purpose:
The aim was to investigate the course and magnitude of IOP changes in contralateral eyes following glaucoma surgery.

Patients and Methods:
We studied 131 glaucoma patients undergoing surgery. IOP changes in fellow eyes and the number of glaucoma medications were recorded for 6 months. Both normal and glaucomatous fellow eyes were included. Patients on preoperative acetazolamide were analyzed separately. IOP change ≥4 mm Hg or 20% increase from baseline values was considered significant.

Results:
Baseline IOP in fellow eyes was 13.1±3.3 mm Hg which increased significantly at all-time points with a peak at 1 week (mean increase: 3.1±3.2 mm Hg) gradually decreasing up to 6 months (mean increase 0.9±2.1 mm Hg). The number of fellow eyes with clinically significant IOP elevation at 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3. and 6 months was 47, 76, 47, 31, and 37 showing mean IOP rise of 4.5±2.3 (38.5%), 5.4±1.8 (48.5%), 4.8±1.6 (44.2%), 3.7±1.3 (36.5%), and 3.2±1.3 (32.6%) mm Hg, respectively. Medications were added to 18 fellow eyes (including 10 initially “normal” eyes) while 7 other fellow eyes required surgery.
Significant IOP elevation in fellow eyes was associated with tube shunt surgery (P<0.008 at all-time points), a diagnosis of glaucoma following cataract surgery, IOP ≤5 mm Hg on the first postoperative day (P=0.002) and use of preoperative acetazolamide.

Conclusion:
Glaucoma surgery was associated with IOP elevation in fellow eyes in a significant number of subjects and suggests that IOP in the unoperated eye should also be checked at postoperative visits.
Telehealth Education
Authors: Garber Kelli , Gustin Tina 
Published: October 2021

Background:
COVID-19 propelled telehealth to the forefront of health care, forcing many advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) to incorporate telehealth into their practice without sufficient education. Lack of training has been cited as a barrier to telehealth adoption.

Purpose:
This study evaluated provider adoption of telehealth based on the type of telehealth education received.

Methods:
A quantitative survey of telehealth providers (n = 224) was distributed through the listservs of 4 national organizations to determine whether there was a significant difference in provider levels of perceived usefulness, self-efficacy, perceived knowledge, satisfaction, and use of telehealth based on the type of telehealth education received.

Results:
Telehealth adoption was significantly associated with the type of telehealth education received (vendor, online, written instructions only, and on the spot).

Conclusion:
With telehealth utilization expected to endure postpandemic, faculty should incorporate the most effective telehealth education methods into APRN curricula, ensuring successful adoption by the future workforce.
HIV-associated wasting prevalence in the era of modern antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Siddiqui Javeed , Samuel Shanti K. , Hayward Brooke , Wirka Kelly A. , Deering Kathleen L. , Harshaw Qing , Phillips Amy , Harbour Michael 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
To understand the prevalence of HIV-associated wasting (HIVAW) in the United States.

Design:
Medical and pharmacy claims study using IBM MarketScan Commercial, Medicare Supplemental and Medicaid Databases.

Methods:
Study period: July 2012–September 2018 (first HIV diagnosis claim = HIV index date). People with HIV (PWH) were excluded if they were aged less than 18 years, had any malignancy claim or had less than 6 months of enrollment data pre or post-HIV index date. HIVAW was defined by proxy using claims for weight loss–related diagnoses, appetite stimulant/nontestosterone anabolic agents or enteral/parenteral nutrition. Prevalence was reported cumulatively, by insurance type and antiretroviral therapy (ART) pharmacy claims (defined as ≥1 pharmacy claim of any ART within 12 months post-HIV index date). Statistical analysis assessed factors potentially associated with HIVAW.

Results:
The study population comprised 42 587 PWH (64.6% male, mean age 44 years, 67.5% on Medicaid, 63.9% on ART). Cumulative HIVAW prevalence (2012–2018) was 18.3% (n = 7804) for all PWH (17.9% on ART, 19.1% not on ART). HIVAW prevalence by payer was 7.5% for Commercial and Medicare Supplemental and 23.5% for Medicaid. The strongest associations with the likelihood of meeting the definition of HIVAW were for individuals with Medicaid and hospitalization(s) post-HIV index date; race and ART status were not associated.

Conclusions:
Findings suggest HIVAW remains prevalent in PWH. ART use was not found to be associated with HIVAW. HIVAW was highest among those with Medicaid coverage or any hospitalization(s). Further research is needed to better understand additional factors associated with and contributing to HIVAW.
The Characteristics of Organ Function Damage of Hemorrhagic Shock in Hot Environment and the Effect of Hypothermic Fluid Resuscitation
Authors: Zhu Yu , Ma Sheng , Deng Hao-Yue , Wu Yue , Zhang Jie , Xiang Xin-Ming , Peng Xiao-Yong , Liu Liang-Ming , Li Tao 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hemorrhagic shock is the important factor for causing death of trauma and war injuries. However, pathophysiological characteristics and underlying mechanism in hemorrhagic shock with hot environment remain unclear.

Methods:
Hemorrhagic shock in hot environment rat model was used to explore the changes of mitochondrial and vital organ functions, the variation of the internal environment, stress factors, and inflammatory factors; meanwhile, the suitable treatment was further studied.

Results:
Above 36°C hot environment induced the increase of core temperature of rats, and the core temperature was not increased in 34°C hot environment, but the 34°C hot environment aggravated significantly hemorrhagic shock induced mortality. Further study showed that the mitochondrial functions of heart, liver, and kidney were more damaged in hemorrhagic shock rats with 34°C hot environment as compared with room environment. Moreover, the results showed that in hemorrhagic shock rats with hot environment, the blood concentration of Na+, K+, and plasma osmotic pressure, the expression of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the serum, as well as the stress factors Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Glucocorticoid were all notably enhanced; and acidosis was more serous; oxygen supply and oxygen consumption were remarkably decreased. In addition, the present study demonstrated that mild hypothermia (10°C) fluid resuscitation could significantly improve the survival rate in hemorrhagic shock rats with hot environment as compared with normal temperature fluid resuscitation.

Conclusions:
Hot environment accelerated the death of hemorrhagic shock rats, which was related to the disorder of internal environment, the increase of inflammatory and stress factors. Furthermore, moderate hypothermic (10°C) fluid resuscitation was suitable for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock in hot environment.
RUSBoost: A suitable species distribution method for imbalanced records of presence and absence. A case study of twenty-five species of Iberian bats
Authors: Carrasco Jaime , Lisón Fulgencio , Weintraub Andrés 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTraditional Species Distribution Models (SDMs) may not be appropriate when examples of one class (e.g. absence or pseudo-absences) greatly outnumber examples of the other class (e.g. presences or observations), because they tend to favor the learning of observations more frequently.We present an ensemble method called Random UnderSampling and Boosting (RUSBoost), which was designed to address the case where the number of presence and absence records are imbalanced, and we opened the “black-box” of the algorithm to interpret its results and applicability in ecology.We applied our methodology to a case study of twenty-five species of bats from the Iberian Peninsula and we build a RUSBoost model for each species. Furthermore, in order to improve to build tighter models, we optimized their hyperparameters using Bayesian Optimization. In particular, we implemented a objective function that represents the cross-validation loss: , with representing the hyper-parameters Maximum Number of Splits, Number of Learners and Learning Rate.The models reached average values for Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC), specificity, sensitivity, and overall accuracy of 0.84 ± 0.05%, 79.5 ± 4.87%, 74.9 ± 6.05%, and 78.8 ± 5.0%, respectively. We also obtained values of variable importance and we analyzed the relationships between explanatory variables and bat presence probability.The results of our study showed that RUSBoost could be a useful tool to develop SDMs with good performance when the presence/absence databases are imbalanced. The application of this algorithm could improve the prediction of SDMs and help in conservation biology and management.
Evolution of a novel female reproductive strategy inDrosophila melanogasterpopulations subjected to long term protein restriction
Authors: Dasgupta Purbasha , Halder Subhasish , Dari Debapriya , Nabeel P. , Vajja Sai Samhitha , Nandy Bodhisatta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReproductive output is often constrained by availability of macronutrients, especially protein. Long term protein restriction, therefore, is expected to select for traits that maximize reproductive output in spite of such nutritional challenge. We subjected four replicate populations ofDrosophila melanogasterto a complete deprivation of live-yeast supplement, thereby mimicking a protein restricted ecology. As yeast supplement is a key source of protein, such an ecology is expected to strongly limit reproductive output, especially in females. Following 24 generations of experimental evolution, compared to their matched controls, females from experimentally evolved populations showed increase in reproductive output early in life, both in presence and absence of yeast supplement. The observed increase in reproductive output was not associated with any accommodating alteration in egg size; and development time, pre-adult survivorship, and body mass at eclosion of the progeny. There was no evidence for evolution of lifespan and lifelong cumulative reproductive output in females. However, females from experiment regime were found to have a significantly faster rate of reproductive senescence, as indicated by a faster rate of age related decline in reproductive output following the attainment of the reproductive peak. Therefore, adaptation to yeast deprivation ecology in our study involved a novel reproductive strategy whereby females attained higher reproductive output early in life followed by faster reproductive aging. To the best of our knowledge, this set of results is one of the most clear demonstration of optimization of fitness by fine tuning of reproductive schedule during adaptation to a prolonged nutritional deprivation.Supplementary informationA separate file that includes three figures and six tables.
Preserved motor representations after paralysis
Authors: Guan Charles , Aflalo Tyson , Zhang Carey Y. , Rosario Emily R. , Pouratian Nader , Andersen Richard A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNeural plasticity allows us to learn skills and incorporate new experiences. What happens when our lived experiences fundamentally change, such as after a severe injury? To address this question, we analyzed intracortical population activity in a tetraplegic adult as she controlled a virtual hand through a brain-computer interface (BCI). By attempting to move her fingers, she could accurately drive the corresponding virtual fingers. Neural activity during finger movements exhibited robust representational structure and dynamics that matched the representational structure, previously identified in able-bodied individuals. The finger representational structure was consistent during extended use, even though the structure contributed to BCI decoding errors. Our results suggest that motor representations are remarkably stable, even after complete paralysis. BCIs re-engage these preserved representations to restore lost motor functions.
Controlling astrocyte-mediated synaptic pruning signals for schizophrenia drug repurposing with Deep Graph Networks
Authors: Gravina Alessio , Wilson Jennifer L. , Bacciu Davide , Grimes Kevin J. , Priami Corrado 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSchizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, leading to both physical and social morbidity. Worldwide 1% of the population is struggling with the disease, with 100,000 new cases annually only in the United States. Despite its importance, the goal of finding effective treatments for schizophrenia remains a challenging task, and previous work conducted expensive large-scale phenotypic screens. This work investigates the benefits of Machine Learning for graphs to optimize drug phenotypic screens and predict compounds that mitigate abnormal brain reduction induced by excessive glial phagocytic activity in schizophrenia subjects. Given a compound and its concentration as input, we propose a method that predicts a score associated with three possible compound effects, i.e., reduce, increase, or not influence phagocytosis. We leverage a high-throughput screening to prove experimentally that our method achieves good generalization capabilities. The screening involves 2218 compounds at five different concentrations. Then, we analyze the usability of our approach in a practical setting, i.e., prioritizing the selection of compounds in the SWEETLEAD library. We provide a list of 64 compounds from the library that have the most potential clinical utility for glial phagocytosis mitigation. Lastly, we propose a novel approach to computationally validate their utility as possible therapies for schizophrenia.Author summaryPhagocytosis is a fundamental biological process to protect biological organisms from exogenous infectious particles as well as to preserve equilibrium and efficiency of the host by removing its unwanted cells. A dysregulation of the phagocytic activity can lead to severe consequences for the host. In this study, we focus on a recent theory that relates an excessive phagocytic activity in brain cells, and a consequent abnormal reduction in brain volume, to the development of schizophrenia. Our working hypothesis is that pharmaceutical compounds that can reduce excessive of phagocytic activity might prove effective as a schizophrenia treatment. Rather than attempting to develop ex-novo such a chemical compound, we rely on a more cost-effective and efficient approach that seeks candidate therapies in a set of approved chemical compounds. To achieve this, we train a machine learning model capable of predicting, with good accuracy, the ability of a molecular compound to increase or decrease phagocytosis in the target brain cells. Our approach leverages learning models capable of directly processing the molecular graph of the compound, leading to the identification of 64 candidate drugs of potential clinical utility.