bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrographic and mineralogical study of hydrothermal alteration of the Rokko Granite at Hakusui‐kyo and Horai‐kyo along the Arima‐Takatsuki Tectonic Line in western Japan
Authors: Shimizu Toru , Manaka Mitsuo , Kazahaya Kohei , Tsukamoto Hitoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractField, hand specimen, and microscopic investigations alongside X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed four types of hydrothermal alteration (Type‐A, ‐B, ‐C, and ‐D) based on the mode of occurrence of altered rocks and alteration mineral assemblage at Hakusui‐kyo and Horai‐kyo along the Arima‐Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ATTL) in western Japan. Type‐A alteration locally occurred as gray alteration halos with sulfide minerals. Type‐B and ‐C alterations were confined to fault gouge veins and occurred as greenish‐gray veins and brown veins, respectively. Type‐C alteration crosscut Type‐B alteration. These alterations were associated with a number of granitic fragments including cohesive breccia and micrographic facies. Type‐D alteration occurred locally in brown sediments. Different mineralogical features in the four alterations are summarized as (Type‐A) illite; (Type‐B) chlorite; (Type‐C) limonite (Fe3+ hydroxides and goethite) and calcite; and (Type‐D) limonite. We propose that the alterations can be broadly divided into Paleocene hydrothermal alteration (Type‐A) and post‐Late Miocene hydrothermal alteration (Type‐B, ‐C, and ‐D): Type‐A alteration occurred at approximately 200 °C during hydrothermal activity after a granitic intrusion in Late Cretaceous; Type‐B, ‐C and ‐D alterations occurred under hydrothermal activity accompanying deep fluids with repeated ascents invoked by the seismicity of the ATTL after the Late Miocene. The fluids may have been the “Arima‐type thermal waters” (i.e., mixtures of convective groundwater and Na‐Ca‐Cl‐HCO3‐type fluids). Type‐B alteration occurred in fractures at depths where the temperature was ≥150 °C. Type‐C alteration overprinted Type‐B alteration as a result of mixing of new deep fluids and descending oxidized meteoric water near the surface. Fe3+ hydroxides and calcite precipitated from the fluids due to the oxidation of Fe2+ and the degassing of CO2, respectively, at ambient to near‐boiling temperatures. When the ascending fluids gushed out from the fractures, they generated Type‐D alteration at the surface under similar temperature conditions due to the oxidation of Fe2+.
Role of scalp health in achieving optimal hair growth and retention
Authors: Tosti Antonella , Schwartz James R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe have conducted a thorough review of the literature to assess the evidence for supporting a cause‐and‐effect linkage between scalp condition and resultant hair condition. Over 20 epidemiological studies have been published covering a wide range of abnormal scalp conditions in which consequent impacts to the hair have been documented. A treatment study was conducted to demonstrate not only that impaired scalp condition led to impaired hair quality but that the impacts to hair are reversible upon normalization of the scalp condition. A proposed explanation involves the impact of scalp oxidative stress, which is part of the etiology of these scalp conditions as well as normal aging, in interfering with the normal keratinization of the pre‐emergent hair cuticle. This perturbed cuticle impedes normal fiber anchorage and emerges more brittle and fragile than normal cuticle leading to accelerated physical degradation, mirroring the effects of chronological aging of the hair fiber. The consequences of the rapid cuticle degradation result in hair that is more vulnerable to mechanical insults and compromised overall quality.
Is canal overinstrumentation able to produce apical root dentinal microcracks in extracted teeth?
Authors: Belladonna Felipe Gonçalves , Rodrigues Lorrany Larisse Costa , Leal Alex Sandro Mendonça , Oliveira Henrique Eduardo , Maciel Ana Carolina de Carvalho , Cavalcante Daniele Moreira , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Valois Érica Martins , Souza Erick Miranda , De‐Deus Gustavo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of mechanical overinstrumentation of root canals in extracted teeth on the development of dentinal microcracks in the apical portion of the root by means of micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) analysis. Root canal preparation short of the canal terminus and at the apical foramen (AF) were used as controls.MethodologyTwenty 2‐rooted maxillary premolars with two canals were selected, scanned in a micro‐CT device and the root canals prepared sequentially using Reciproc M‐Wire R25 instruments to working lengths: 1 mm short of the AF (AF − 1 mm), at the AF (AF), and overinstrumentation (AF + 1 mm). A micro‐CT scan of each specimen was performed after each time point. After reconstruction and co‐registration procedures, the images were screened from the cementoenamel junction to the apex (n = 55 352) to identify the presence of dentinal microcracks in the apical third of the root.ResultsAfter the analyses of 55 352 slices, dentinal microcracks were visualized in 12.45% of the images (6892 slices), with 5.73% (3174 slices) in the cervical, 3.57% (1976 slices) in the middle and 3.15% (1740 slices) in the apical third. All dentinal microcracks observed at all time points (AF − 1 mm, AF and AF + 1 mm) were already present in the corresponding images before canal instrumentation. Therefore, no new microcracks were detected, regardless of the working length used for canal instrumentation.ConclusionReciprocating root canal preparation either short, at or beyond the AF (overinstrumentation) did not create dentinal microcracks in the roots of extracted 2‐rooted maxillary premolars.
European Society of Endodontology position statement: endodontic management of traumatized permanent teeth
Authors:   European Society of Endodontology (ESE) developed by:, Krastl G. , Weiger R. , Filippi A. , Van Waes H. , Ebeleseder K. , Ree M. , Connert T. , Widbiller M. , Tjäderhane L. , Dummer P. M. H. , Galler K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis position statement represents a consensus of an expert committee convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE) on the endodontic management of traumatized permanent teeth. A recent comprehensive review with detailed background information provides the basis for this position statement (Krastl et al. 2021, International Endodontic Journal, https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13508). The statement is based on current scientiﬁc evidence as well as the expertise of the committee. Complementing the recently revised guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology, this position statement aims to provide clinical guidance for the choice of the appropriate endodontic approach for traumatized permanent teeth. Given the dynamic nature of research in this area, this position statement will be updated at appropriate intervals.
Model system parameters influence the sodium hypochlorite susceptibility of endodontic biofilms
Authors: Swimberghe Rosalie C. D. , Crabbé Aurélie , De Moor Roeland J. G. , Coenye Tom , Meire Maarten A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate in a laboratory setting the influence of several model system parameters on the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) susceptibility of endodontic biofilms. Based on these findings, a relevant in vitro endodontic biofilm model is proposed.MethodologyIn vitro biofilms were cultured, varying the following experimental model parameters: biofilm composition (monospecies Enterococcus faecalis and a multispecies biofilm including E. faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis), incubation time (24 h or 11 days), incubation atmosphere (aerobically or anaerobically) and biofilm substrate (polystyrene microtiter plate wells, hydroxyapatite or dentine). Biofilms were subjected to treatment with NaOCl (0.025%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 2.5%) for 1 min, control groups included treatment with purified water. Biofilms were harvested and the number of surviving cells was determined by plate counting using general (monospecies biofilms) or selective (multispecies biofilms) media. A two‐way ANOVA was used to explore the effect of the model parameters on biofilm eradication. Finally, the most physiologically relevant biofilm model (11‐day‐old multispecies biofilm grown anaerobically on dentine discs) was characterized by selective media plate counting, NaOCl susceptibility testing, scanning and transmission electron microscopy.ResultsThere was no difference in NaOCl eradication between the anaerobically and aerobically grown E. faecalis biofilms. One‐day‐old biofilms of E. faecalis were more susceptible to most tested NaOCl concentrations than 11‐day‐old biofilms (p < .05). When grown in a multispecies biofilm, E. faecalis was significantly less susceptible to NaOCl treatment than in a monospecies biofilm (p < .05). E. faecalis in a multispecies biofilm grown in a MTP was more susceptible to NaOCl (0.025% and 0.1%) than when grown on hydroxyapatite or dentine. No difference in biofilm NaOCl susceptibility was seen between hydroxyapatite and dentine. The multispecies biofilm proved to be a reproducible model with high NaOCl resistance, complex structure and organization.ConclusionThe parameters biofilm age, biofilm composition and substrate had a significant influence on the NaOCl susceptibility of E. faecalis biofilms. Older biofilms, multispecies biofilms and biofilms grown on dentine and hydroxyapatite had reduced NaOCl susceptibility. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting relevant parameters when designing a laboratory biofilm model system for the evaluation of antimicrobial treatments.
Extremophile microalgae as feedstock for high‐value carotenoids: A review
Authors: Lafarga Tomás , Sánchez‐Zurano Ana , Morillas‐España Ainoa , Acién‐Fernández Francisco Gabriel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere are places in our planet where environmental conditions are beyond normal limits for growth but still harbour life. Extremophile microalgae are the candidates for large‐scale production because (i) their extreme growth conditions help to avoid unwanted contaminations, facilitating their production and (ii) in order to survive under harsh environments, these microorganisms synthesise valuable uncommon biomolecules. Extremophile microalgae include Arthrospira platensis, used as a source of phycocyanin and produced under highly alkaline conditions, and Dunaliella salina, which is industrially produced as a source of β‐carotene and can naturally resist salinity conditions exceeding 300 g L−1. Microalgae can be produced on non‐arable lands, using seawater, and within a wide range of environmental conditions, allowing their production in almost any part of the planet. The current paper aimed at highlighting the biotechnological potential of extremophile microalgae as sources for carotenoids, valuable molecules used as pigments and health‐promoters.
Supercritical electrocatalytic catalyst activation and its application in safflower seed oil isomerisation to prepare conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Wang Tong , Chen Yan , Dong Tianyu , Ma Xiaoyu , Wang Liqi , Yu Dianyu , Yang Fuming 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe supported Ru/Na‐ZSM‐5 catalyst was prepared by loading Ru on the zeolite support by the impregnation method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that Ru was successfully supported. The supported catalyst was subjected to supercritical electrocatalytic activation, and the activated catalyst was applied to the isomerisation of safflower seed oil. The effect of activation conditions on the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) yield was examined. Under the supercritical CO2 condition, the optimal activation conditions were electrocatalytic current of 200 mA, reaction temperature of 70 °C, stirring speed of 300 r.p.m and reaction time of 1.5 h. The CLA yield was 43.10%, the content of c9,t11‐CLA in the product oil was 17.45% and the content of t10,c12‐CLA was 15.86%, significantly higher than the raw oil. The change was not noticeable in terms of physicochemical properties compared with the raw oil, which met edible vegetable oil quality standards.
Formation and source analysis of potentially hazardous compounds in fried pepper sauce under different high‐temperature stir‐fry conditions
Authors: Song Yuting , Ding Zhuhong , Wu Yongjun , Zhang Ting , Tang Zhongyue , Yu Yihong , Wang Yi 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn order to investigate the formation and main sources of potentially hazardous compounds in fried pepper sauce (FPS) during the high‐temperature frying process, this study analysed the dynamic changes to the lipid oxidation indices (peroxide value, carbonyl value, polar components and malondialdehyde), components of raw materials and excipients (total sugar, reducing sugars and amino acids) and contents of potentially hazardous compounds (trans‐fatty acids, benzo[a]pyrene and acrylamide) under different cooking conditions. Path analysis was applied to explore the relationships among the study variables. The results show that low‐temperature frying (<190 °C) is beneficial to improve the safety of FPS products. The formation of trans‐fatty acids is mainly related to the elevated carbonyl content caused by the high‐temperature oxidation of lipids. The total sugar, reducing sugars and amino acids in pepper powder and the other ingredients were mainly responsible for the increase in the content of benzo[a]pyrene and acrylamide, which showed a weak correlation with lipid oxidation. Acrylamide is the main hazardous compound in FPS under high‐temperature frying. Therefore, regulating the high‐temperature process and the composition of the raw materials and excipients are beneficial to the high‐quality production of FPS.
Effects of mediums on fermentation behaviour and aroma composition in pure and mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Torulaspora delbrueckii
Authors: Zhang Boqin , Duan Changqing , Yan Guoliang 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe nutrient status and composition in mediums have a significant effect on yeast metabolism and phenotypic characteristics in wine fermentation. In this study, the effects of three frequently used mediums, including synthetic grape juice (SGJ), grape juice without grape pericarp and seeds (GJ) and grape must with grape pericarp and seeds (GMPS), on yeast fermentation behaviour and aroma compounds produced by pure and mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae T73 with Torulaspora delbrueckii TD20 were investigated after alcoholic fermentation. The results showed that high fermentation activities and cell population were always found in GJ medium irrespective of inoculated approach. More esters and higher alcohols were produced in GMPS medium fermented by pure S. cerevisiae, while SGJ medium had increased levels of fatty acids. Consistent with previous literatures, the mixed fermentation of T. delbrueckii and S. cerevisiae produced more acetate esters and fatty acids than the pure culture of S. cerevisiae, while this enological trait was only found in SGJ and GJ, not in GMPS. Our results highlighted that more attention should be paid to the fermentation medium when evaluating the enological and aromatic properties of selected yeasts used in industrial winemaking. In this regard, the combined use of GJ and GMPS medium might be a suitable choice.
Development of a high‐sensitivity ELISA detecting IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein in serum and saliva
Authors: Faustini Sian E. , Jossi Sian E. , Perez‐Toledo Marisol , Shields Adrian M. , Allen Joel D. , Watanabe Yasunori , Newby Maddy L. , Cook Alex , Willcox Carrie R. , Salim Mahboob , Goodall Margaret , Heaney Jennifer L. , Marcial‐Juarez Edith , Morley Gabriella L. , Torlinska Barbara , Wraith David C. , Veenith Tonny V. , Harding Stephen , Jolles Stephen , Ponsford Mark J. , Plant Tim , Huissoon Aarnoud , O'Shea Matthew K. , Willcox Benjamin E. , Drayson Mark T. , Crispin Max , Cunningham Adam F. , Richter Alex G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDetecting antibody responses during and after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is essential in determining the seroepidemiology of the virus and the potential role of antibody in disease. Scalable, sensitive and specific serological assays are essential to this process. The detection of antibody in hospitalized patients with severe disease has proven relatively straightforward; detecting responses in subjects with mild disease and asymptomatic infections has proven less reliable. We hypothesized that the suboptimal sensitivity of antibody assays and the compartmentalization of the antibody response may contribute to this effect. We systematically developed an ELISA, optimizing different antigens and amplification steps, in serum and saliva from non‐hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected subjects. Using trimeric spike glycoprotein, rather than nucleocapsid, enabled detection of responses in individuals with low antibody responses. IgG1 and IgG3 predominate to both antigens, but more anti‐spike IgG1 than IgG3 was detectable. All antigens were effective for detecting responses in hospitalized patients. Anti‐spike IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses were readily detectable in saliva from a minority of RT‐PCR confirmed, non‐hospitalized symptomatic individuals, and these were mostly subjects who had the highest levels of anti‐spike serum antibodies. Therefore, detecting antibody responses in both saliva and serum can contribute to determining virus exposure and understanding immune responses after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Breaking or keeping the habits: exploring the role of legacy habits in the process of discontinuing organisational information systems
Authors: Rezazade Mehrizi Mohammad H. , van den Hooff Bart , Yang Chaoran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsers develop habits in relation to information systems (IS) to reduce the cognitive and behavioural efforts needed for using them. However, when these systems have to be discontinued, users face challenges regarding how to stop relying on their legacy habits. Despite their importance, we know little about how legacy habits shape the way users discontinue a legacy system. Through a comparative case‐study approach, in a large mortgage firm and an international telecommunication company, we identify three roles that these habits play during the discontinuance process. We demonstrate that legacy habits not only play an ‘inhibiting’ role by keeping users attached to legacy systems; they also play a ‘bridging’ role by acting as a common ground for users to start working with a new system and a ‘deterring’ role when users resent certain habits of working with the legacy systems, despite their orientation to keep relying on these habits. We contribute to the IS habit literature by extending the roles of legacy habits beyond an inhibiting role. We also enrich the conceptualisation of legacy habits beyond the individual level by showing that the socio‐technical conditions in which the habits are embedded impact the emergence and evolution of their roles during the discontinuance process. We discuss the implications of our findings for theorising and managing IS discontinuance process.
The breakdown of the Weibull behavior in dental zirconias
Authors: Belli Renan , Lohbauer Ulrich 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere we attend to the controversy of the use of Weibull statistics for describing the strength distribution of dental brittle materials. Our approach is purely experimental by means of testing for the strength size effect, a requirement for Weibull materials. Zirconia materials of five important dental manufacturers were selected, each represented by two compositions, being one a 3 mol% Y2O3‐stabilized zirconia, and the other being a “translucent” zirconia with 4 or 5 mol% stabilizer content. Specimens of increasing sizes were fractured, whether by using a biaxial flexure test in plates or a uniaxial bending test in beams, thereby sampling different ranges of effective surfaces and volumes. A systematic deviation from the Weibull behavior over the range of 1–40 mm2 effective surface was demonstrated, regardless of manufacturer and Y2O3 content in the powder. Extensive testing using a wider range of specimen sizes narrowed down the threshold for the breakdown of the defect size distribution from the parent population to be located between 10 and 20 mm2 effective surface. A comparable behavior was confirmed for the partly sintered white‐bodies, with similar defect morphology to the fully sintered analogs, indicating a defect size distribution stemming from the pressing steps of manufacture. The defect shape related to open particle aggregate junctions, pointing to an association of their size distribution to that of the distribution of aggregate sizes in the source powders.
The hydrothermally synthesis of K3AlF6:Cr3+ NIR phosphor and its performance optimization based on phase control
Authors: Song Qianqian , Liu Zehua , Jiang Hangjie , Luo Zhaohua , Sun Peng , Liu Guoqiang , Liu Yongfu , Jiang Haochuan , Jiang Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhosphor‐convert (pc) near‐infrared (NIR) LED is the next‐generation smart NIR light sources. Thus, NIR phosphors are quickly developed. The K3Al1−xF6:xCr3+ (KAF:Cr3+) NIR phosphor shows broadband emission from 650 to 900 nm under 430 nm and can be used to fabricate NIR LEDs. In this work, KAF:Cr3+ phosphors were prepared by a hydrothermal method for the first time. Morphologies and NIR properties are tuned by controlling the hydrothermal processes. Different from the cubic KAF:Cr3+ synthesized by a coprecipitation method, KAF:Cr3+ synthesized by the hydrothermal method shows the tetragonal phase. The optimized KAF:3%Cr3+ shows an internal quantum efficiency of about 31.4%. A NIR pc‐LED device was fabricated by integrating the KAF:3%Cr3+ phosphor with a blue LED chip (~450 nm). The output power of NIR light is about 5.5 mW driven at 150 mA.
Screening of dementia indicating signs in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Arvio Maria , Bjelogrlic‐Laakso Nina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn intellectual disability, the cognitive delay is observed during developmental age, whereas in dementia, cognitive decline occurs during post‐developmental period. So far, the risk of dementia in people with intellectual disability, excluding those with Down syndrome, is poorly known.MethodWe screened dementia signs in a study group of 230 adults (34–80 years of age) with the help of the British Present Psychiatric State—Learning Disabilities assessment.ResultsOf the study members, 42% showed two or more signs. The overall frequency of symptoms did not differ between age groups. The number of individuals with a genetic syndrome or disease manifesting with a shortened lifespan was greater in the younger age groups when compared to the older age groups.ConclusionPeople with an intellectual disability represent numerous rare syndromes with comorbidities. It seems that dementia signs may affect any age groups of adults with intellectual disability.