bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human milk and neurodevelopment in children with very low birth weight (810.31)
Authors: Koo Winston , Tank Surinder , Tank Surinder , Martin Sandra 
Published: June 2021

VLBW infants often have compromised neurodevelopment. Breast milk has many factors that could affect nervous system and might benefit neurodevelopment in VLBW infants.Methods. 7 databases searched for original studies on HM feeding and neurodevelopment in VLBW children.Results. Ten cohort observational studies reviewed. Three studies eliminated for no formal neurodevelopment assessment, no control group, earlier follow up data from the same cohort resp. Five studies based on secondary analysis of VLBW subjects in non‐breast milk studies.Control group from the same cohort and received variable amounts of HM (0‐80%). Final sample size 18 to 704 (median 219). Fortification of HM in 2 studies and use of preterm infant formula in 3 studies. HM intake from 4 weeks to 12 months. Donor milk use not specified. HM intake defined as dichotomous (cut point of 80% of HM) or arbitrary as 3 to 5 categories in volume or duration. Follow up for 3 studies were <3 years, one at 5 years and 3 at 6 years or more.Neurodevelopment assessment was within normal or low normal range in HM fed group. The advantage of HM feeding was not demonstrated consistently and was due to lower scores in the formula fed group. The greatest advantage of HM was reported in one secondary analysis study at 30 months with formula fed infants with significantly lower Bayley mental and psychomotor development index score by 13 and 12 points (>0.8 SD) resp. Whereas, the 3 follow up studies of neurodevelopment at 6 ‐ 11 years showed advantage of HM was limited to scores on subtests of cognitive function and with highest HM intake. No advantage demonstrated for breastfeeding beyond 4 months in one study and 8 months in another. In the 3rd study, HM intake is an independent predictor of reading but not mathematics attainment at 11 years. None of the studies used the current highly enriched preterm formulas or HM fortifier.Conclusion. In VLBW infants, the protective effect on neurodevelopment from HM remains to be defined.
Trends in fiber and whole grain intake in the U.S. NHANES 2001‐2010: what’s changing? (810.5)
Authors: McGill Carla , Liska DeAnn , Fulgoni Victor 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the 10 year trends in sources of dietary fiber and whole grain (WG) among the US population using NHANES 2001‐2010. Weighted intakes of fiber and WG were calculated and food sources categorized according to the USDA FNDDS, 5.0. Mean fiber intake for children 4‐18 y was 13.2±0.1 g/d and for adults 19+ y was 16.1±0.2 g/d. Mean WG intake for children was 0.52±0.01 oz eq/d and for adults 0.71±0.02 oz eq/d. Grain products, fruit and vegetables contributed approximately 80% of total dietary fiber for children and adults. “Mixtures, mainly grain, pasta & bread” and “Fruit, excluding berries” were the top 2 sources of dietary fiber for all ages; intakes of both food groups increased (p<0.01) between 2001‐2010. “White bread, rolls” decreased (p<0.01) as the third source of dietary fiber for both children and adults. Intake of “Cereals, not cooked”, the top source of WG for children, decreased (p=0.0003). There was no change in intakes of the two major sources of WG among adults: “Yeast bread, rolls” and “Cereals, not cooked”. Among the top 15 food sources of dietary fiber only 3 included WG. Snacks made an important contribution (蠅18% of total) to intakes of both fiber and WG for all age groups. These results show that fiber and WG are provided by different foods and different strategies are needed to increase fiber without increasing calories, such as including fiber to foods that are already consumed.Grant Funding Source: Funding by Kellogg Company
Changes in self‐perception of functional health and well‐being following participation in a weight‐loss intervention (811.13)
Authors: Metzgar Catherine , Piehowski Kathryn , Preston Amy , Miller Debra , Nickols‐Richardson Sharon 
Published: June 2021

The Short‐Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36) was used to assess perceived changes in 8 health constructs (physical functioning, PF; role physical, RP; bodily pain, BP; general health, GH; vitality, V; social functional, SF; emotional, E; mental health, MH) in 60 premenopausal women who participated in an 18‐wk weight‐loss intervention. Women (mean±SD age: 35.9±5.8 y, BMI: 31.0±4.3 kg/m2) were randomized to an energy‐restricted diet including 1 sugar‐free cocoa beverage and 2 dark chocolate snacks/d (DCG, n=30) or 1 sugar‐free non‐cocoa beverage and 2 non‐chocolate snacks/d (NCG, n=30). Women completed the SF‐36 at baseline and week 18. Within and between group differences were analyzed using paired and independent t‐tests, respectively. Both groups significantly reduced weight (P<0.001) and perceived improvements in GH (P<0.05), with no significant differences between groups. The DCG reported improved PF (P<0.05) and the NCG increased V (P<0.05), but differences between groups were not found in SF‐36 health constructs. All 60 women self‐reported improvements in PF (P<0.05), V (P<0.05) and GH (P<0.001). A dietary pattern that promotes weight loss may result in self‐perceived improvements in personal health, ability to perform daily activities and energy level. Further research is warranted to understand how self‐ratings of health influence weight loss in women.Grant Funding Source: Supported by The Hershey Company, Hershey, PA
VDRG polymorphisms interact with calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy to affect bone mass of lactating adolescent mothers (818.10)
Authors: Normando Paula , Diogenes Maria Eduarda , Cabello Giselda , Cabello Pedro , Donangelo Carmen , Bezerra Flávia 
Published: June 2021

We investigated the influence of vitamin D receptor gene (VDRG) polymorphisms on bone mass of lactating adolescents (14‐19 y) supplemented (n=26) or not (n=21) with calcium and vitamin D3 (600 mg + 200IU/d) from 26 wk of gestation until parturition. Bone mineral content (BMC), area (BA) and density (BMD) of total body (TB), lumbar spine (LS, L1‐L4), total hip and femoral neck (FN) were assessed by DXA, at 20 wk postpartum. VDRG polymorphisms rs1544410 (G>A) and rs10735810 (T>C) were determined by RFLP. The effects of polymorphisms and their interaction with supplementation were assessed by ANCOVA after adjustment for significant covariates. rs1544410 (G>A) and supplementation interacted to affect TBBMC (P<0.05), TBBMD Z score (P=0.07) and FNBMC (P<0.05). Supplemented mothers with GA genotype had higher TBBMC (8.8%), TBBMD Z score (18.2%) and FNBMC (10%) than placebo with the same genotype (P<0.05). No isolated effects of polymorphisms nor significant interactions between rs10735810 (T>C) and supplementation were observed. Our results suggest that the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on bone mass of lactating adolescents can be modulated by VDRG polymorphisms. Lactating mothers with GA genotype seemed to be more responsive to supplementation in the tested conditions.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CNPq, FAPERJ
Inactivity from one overnight hospital stay reduces basal muscle protein synthesis in young adults (820.15)
Authors: Reidy Paul , Borack Michael , Markofski Melissa , Dickinson Jared , Drummond Micah , Fry Christopher , Gundermann David , Walker Dillon , Volpi Elena , Rasmussen Blake 
Published: June 2021

Multiple day (3‐14d) models of bed‐rest or step reduction have shown that physical inactivity decreases muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Little is known regarding how soon this decrement in muscle protein synthesis occurs following inactivity, such as during an overnight hospital stay, which has been associated with reductions in physical activity. To examine the effect of inactivity from one overnight stay, on MPS we recruited 75 young subjects that were assigned to either walk on to the clinical research unit at 7am before assessment of MPS (Walk‐on) or as inpatient subjects who were studied after an overnight stay (Overnight) and before assessment of MPS the following morning. We had a subset of subjects (from Walk‐on and Overnight) wear a step activity monitor, which collected step data from midnight until initiation of the tracer infusion. We used stable isotopic methods and collected vastus lateralis biopsies 2‐3h apart for assessment of mixed MPS. Walk‐on and Overnight took ~1210 and ~88 steps, respectively. MPS was ~20% lower (p<0.05) for Overnight as compared to Walk‐on. We conclude that one overnight stay in the hospital is an inactivity model.Grant Funding Source: NIH/NIAMS (AR049877) and NIH/NIA P30 AG024832
Contribution of dietary fat to high‐density lipoprotein triglyceride during nocturnal hypertriglyceridemia (821.12)
Authors: Vorland Colby , Peterson Kerry 
Published: June 2021

Low HDLc concentrations in the metabolic syndrome are driven by elevated blood levels of triglyceride (TG)‐rich lipoproteins (TRL) and transfer of this TG into HDL through the enzyme cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP). The goal of this study was to utilize an in vivo method to directly quantify the transfer of TG from TRL and its fractions(very‐low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons) to HDL. Obese patients (5M, 3F, 44±10 y) were fed whole‐foods meals labeled with d31‐TG with the last meal (181kcal and 6g of fat) eaten at 2200h. Lipoproteins were isolated hourly beginning at 0000h. As expected, the total TG content rose first in TRL followed by a rise in HDL, though, both TRL‐ and HDL‐TG did not measurably change over time. Surprisingly, the TG content of HDL did not correlate with that of TRL (r= ‐0.54, p=0.21), chylomicrons (r= ‐0.721, p=0.068), or VLDL (r= ‐0.038, p=0.935). The proportion of TG from the diet in both TRL and HDL changed over time (p<0.001, and p=0.004) and peaked at 18.8±3% and 9.8±1.5% of TG, respectively. As expected, the contribution of dietary fat to HDL‐TG positively correlated with that in TRL‐TG (r=0.93, p=0.003), chylomicrons (r=0.89, p=0.007), and VLDL (r=0.79, p=0.035). These data reflect the transfer of dietary fat from TRL to HDL and suggest dietary labeling is a better indicator of CETP‐mediated lipid transfer compared to TG content of HDL.Grant Funding Source: Supported by a UW‐Stout Student Research and CEHHS Student Research Initiative Award
Anti‐carcinogenic effect of glyceollins in DMBA‐induced mammary tumor model (824.5)
Authors: Kim Bo Ram , Seo Ji Yeon , Kang Hye Ryung , Kim Seong Soon , Zakharova Alexandra , Kim Mi Hye , Woo Ji Eun , Han Mi Kyung , Kim Jong‐Sang 
Published: June 2021

Glyceollins are synthesized from daidzen in soybean elicited with Aspergillus sojae. Several studies reported that glyceollins had anti‐estrogenic, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities in both breast cancer cell and animal models. This study was aimed at investigating whether glyceollins exert anticancer activity through regulation of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes. That is, I was interested in investigating if glyceollins can inhibit DMBA‐induced breast cancer development by enhancing xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes such as glutation S ‐transferase, glucuronyl transferase, and sulfotransferase. The expression of phase 2 enzymes in organs collected from mice was assessed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry(IHC). Also we observed the tumor formation in mammary grand mice by whole mount analysis. The number of fat pad TEBs in the mammary tissue was significantly increased by DMBA treated and reduced by co treatment with glyceollins. Also glyceollins were found to induce same antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes in the liver. Therefore, we suspected that DMBA had little effect on mammary tissue as it was rapidly metabolized by detoxifying enzymes induced by glyceollins. In conclusion, glyceollins apprear to confer protection to mammary tissue from chemical carcinogen.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NRF‐2010‐0027204 and 2011‐0009782 and IPET (High Value‐added Food TechnologyDevelopment Program, 2012, 112066‐3), S. Korea
Folate deficiency affects mammary gland development in pre‐ and peri‐pubescent mice (827.12)
Authors: Miszewski Susan , Berryhill Grace , Green Ralph , Borowsky Alexander , Miller Joshua , Hovey Russell 
Published: June 2021

The ducts of mammary glands (MG) undergo phases of isometric and allometric growth during postnatal life. Folate is required for DNA synthesis and stability, where its effects are modulated by estrogen. Here we investigated the effects of folate deficiency on early MG development. Female FVB mice were assigned to either a control (2 mg folic acid/kg) or deficient (0 mg folic acid/kg) amino acid defined diet during in utero, postnatal, and early pubertal development. Tissues were assessed at weaning and during the peri‐pubescent period. The area occupied by the mammary ducts was reduced in folate deficient animals at weaning and during early puberty (p<0.0001). The slope of MG growth in the isometric phase, from birth to weaning, was less for the MG of deficient females compared with controls (95% confidence limits 0.23‐0.78 and 1.47‐1.82, respectively). Allometric growth was unaffected by diet. We conclude that folate deficiency impairs ductal elongation in the MGs of female mice prior to puberty. Alterations in pre‐pubertal development may fundamentally alter MG physiology throughout life, with potential impacts on lactation potential and risk of breast cancer.Grant Funding Source: Supported by California Breast Cancer Research Program
Betaine is as effective as folate at re‐synthesizing methionine for protein synthesis during moderate methionine deficiency in piglets (827.15)
Authors: McBreairty Laura , Robinson Jason , Harding Scott , Randell Edward , Brunton Janet , Bertolo Robert 
Published: June 2021

Methionine is an essential amino acid that is in high demand in neonates for protein synthesis as well as for transmethylation (TM) reactions, such as creatine synthesis and DNA methylation. TM reactions produce homocysteine, which can be either converted to cysteine or re‐methylated to methionine via folate or betaine (synthesized from choline). It is unclear whether both remethylation pathways are equally important in neonates for remethylation. The objective of this study was to determine whether supplementation with folate, betaine or a combination of both (n=6) can re‐synthesize methionine for protein synthesis when dietary methionine is limiting. In piglets adapted to low‐methionine diets devoid of folate, choline and betaine, we measured 13C‐phenylalanine oxidation pre‐ and post‐supplementation as an indicator of protein synthesis. Prior to supplementation, plasma folate (‐60%), betaine (‐95%), dimethylglycine (‐95%), choline (‐60%) and cysteine (‐45%) were all lower (p<0.05) compared to baseline with no change in homocysteine. Post‐supplementation, phenylalanine oxidation levels were ~30% lower (p<0.05) with any methyl donor supplementation with no difference among groups. This demonstrates an equal capacity for betaine and folate to remethylate methionine for protein synthesis and warrants future research on betaine in the infant diet.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Distribution of functional 1‐carbon metabolism single nucleotide polymorphisms in Gambian versus European populations (827.4)
Authors: Owen Jennifer , Silver Matt , Corbin Karen , Dominguez‐Salas Paula , Moore Sophie , Hennig Branwen , Zeisel Steven 
Published: June 2021

Choline is an essential dietary nutrient and, along with its metabolites, has profound implications in cell signaling, methyl group donation, neurotransmitter synthesis, structural integrity of cell membranes, and fetal neurogenesis. Several important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the choline and folate metabolism pathways have been associated with organ dysfunction, either liver or muscle damage, in response to a low choline diet. A study was conducted to compare the distribution of these known functional SNPs in pregnant women in rural Gambia (N=248), a population with a low choline diet, versus a North Carolina population of European Descent (N=230), a population with a relatively high choline diet. The effect alleles of these SNPs increase dietary choline requirements and contribute to organ dysfunction. The prevalence of the effect allele of functional SNPs in 1‐carbon metabolism was significantly different in Gambian versus European populations: PEMT rs12325817 2.4% and 17.5%, MTHFD1 rs2236225 2.4% and 15.0 %; CHDH rs12676 0.0% and 9.4 % (P<0.0001). Interestingly, in the Gambian population, the effect alleles are reduced or absent as compared to the North Carolina population. This supports our current hypothesis that dietary choline intake is a novel selective pressure that could lead to the differences in SNP distribution and associated risk for organ dysfunction in these populations.Grant Funding Source: Supported by The Gates Foundation
Dietary intake and blood levels of choline in a cohort of Canadian pregnant women and newborn infants (827.9)
Authors: Visentin Carly , Masih Shannon , Plumptre Lesley , Malysheva Olga , Sohn Kyoung‐Jin , Ly Anna , Lausman Andrea , Berger Howard , Croxford Ruth , Caudill Marie , O'Connor Deborah , Kim Young‐In 
Published: June 2021

The developing fetus has a high demand for choline which must be supplied by the mother. To date, very few studies have examined dietary choline intake during pregnancy and its relationship with biomarkers of choline metabolism. We determined dietary intake of choline in 368 pregnant women using a food frequency questionnaire during early and late pregnancy. We measured plasma free choline and metabolite levels in maternal blood samples at 12‐16 weeks gestation and at delivery and in cord blood. Mean dietary choline intake was 313±135 mg/d and did not change appreciably across gestation. Conversely, mean plasma choline levels significantly increased by 49% (p<0.0001), betaine levels significantly decreased by 22% (p<0.0001) and dimethylglycine levels significantly increased by 16% (p<0.0001) from early to late pregnancy. Mean plasma levels of trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) did not change significantly. Maternal dietary choline intake during early pregnancy was only correlated with maternal blood levels of dimethylglycine (r=0.13; p= 0.02) but not with choline, betaine or TMAO levels. Furthermore, maternal plasma choline levels at delivery were not correlated with cord blood choline levels, whereas maternal plasma betaine levels correlated with cord blood betaine levels (r=0.34; p<0.0001). Our data indicate that plasma choline levels significantly increase during pregnancy despite no appreciable change in dietary choline intake and that dietary choline intake does not predict maternal or cord blood levels of choline.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CIHR MOP #106446
Flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside improves insulin sensitivity through upregulating GLUT4 expression in diet‐induced obese mice (829.25)
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Fofana Bourlaye , Roy Moumita , Ghose Kaushik 
Published: June 2021

Flaxseed Lignan Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Improves Insulin Sensitivity through Upregulating GLUT4 Expression in Diet‐Induced Obese Mice Yanwen Wang1, Bourlaye Fofana2, Moumita Roy1, and Kaushik Ghose 2 1 Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3 2 Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3 The objective of this study was to determine the anti‐diabetic effect and underlying mechanisms of flaxseed lignans in diet‐induced obese and insulin resistant mice. Male C57BL/6J mice, at the age of 8 wk, were provided with a high‐fat diet to induce insulin resistance. The age‐matched male C57BL/6J mice fed in parallel with a low‐fat diet were used as the normal control. After 12 wk, the high‐fat diet‐fed mice were randomized into 4 groups and treated by gavage feeding once a day with 0 (high‐fat/insulin resistant control), 10, 100, and 1,000 mg/kg/d of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG, 60% pure) lignan dissolved in water, respectively, for 6 weeks. The high‐fat and low‐fat control groups were gavaged with the vehicle. It was demonstrated that oral administration of SDG lowered body weight, serum insulin, total cholesterol and free fatty acid levels. SDG also improved oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Further molecular experiments showed that SDG increased muscle GLUT4 protein expression. The results suggest that flaxseed SDG lignan protects from insulin resistance in diet‐induced obese mice and has potential to be used as a natural product for the prevention and treatment of obesity‐related insulin resistance or diabetes.Grant Funding Source: TUFGEN 604381
Effects of curcumin supplementation on iron overload and liver cancer in a mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis (829.8)
Authors: Messner Donald , Ho Easter , Hahn Hejin , Kowdley Kris 
Published: June 2021

Curcumin, a key bioactive component of the dietary spice turmeric, is an antioxidant iron chelator with cancer prevention potential. The aim of this study was to investigate curcumin and turmeric for iron depletion and chemoprevention of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced liver cancer in a mouse model of hemochromatosis. C3H/HeJ wild type and hfe ‐/‐ male mice were given a single IP injection of DEN at 5 weeks of age and then fed diets containing 40 ppm iron, +/‐ 2% curcumin or 5% turmeric (≍0.2% curcumin). At 36 weeks of age the hfe ‐/‐ mice showed 3‐fold higher levels of liver iron but similar incidence of DEN‐induced cancer vs.wild type. Dietary curcumin did not alter body weights, liver iron, or incidence of cancer (≍77% in all hfe ‐/‐ groups). However the number of liver tumors per animal were increased 2.8x in the curcumin group (p<0.01) and 2.3x in the turmeric group (p<0.05). Liver/body weight ratios increased in both groups (p<0.001). There was no effect of diet on oxidative damage (TBARS) in tumor‐free liver tissue. Western blots suggested increased liver redox defenses (GST‐α and heme oxygenase‐1) in animals fed turmeric. We conclude that addition of curcumin near the maximum achievable in the diet was not effective in decreasing iron overload in this mouse model of hemochromatosis. High levels of dietary curcumin and turmeric appeared to increase, rather than protect against, the hepatocarcinogenic effects of DEN.Grant Funding Source: NIH #AT003448
Lessertia frutescens (Sutherlandia) suppresses multiple intracellular signaling pathways associated with inflammatory responses in murine macrophages (830.12)
Authors: Lei Wei , Browning Jimmy , Eichen Peggy , Zong Yijia , Chuang Dennis , Lu Chi‐Hua , Folk William , Sun Grace , Fritsche Kevin 
Published: June 2021

Sutherlandia is an herb native to southern Africa and traditionally used in various inflammatory conditions. Previously, we reported that an ethanolic extract of Sutherlandia (SE) had anti‐inflammatory activity in murine macrophages. This study was designed to investigate the impact of SE on inflammation‐related intracellular signaling pathways, and to identify the bioactive component(s) in this herb. RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to various concentrations of SE for 1 hr, then an inflammatory response was triggered by co‐treatment with LPS and IFNγ. The phosphorylated and total STAT1, ERK1/2, p38, and JNKs in cell lysates were determined by Western blot. Exposure to SE significantly decreased the phosphorylation of STAT1 and ERK1/2 by up to 80% and 70%, respectively. Meanwhile, SE had only a limited effect on the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. We used nitric oxide (NO) production as a screening tool to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory activities of Sutherlandia‐specific constituents: sutherlandiosides A‐D, sutherlandins A‐D. None of these compounds were able to reduce LPS/IFNγ‐induced NO production. In summary, our crude Sutherlandia extract suppressed several key signaling pathways related to inflammatory responses in macrophages, and we continue to search for the constituent(s) responsible.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH P50AT006273