bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barn Owl (Tyto alba)
Authors: Martin Jason M. , Raid Richard N. , Branch Lyn C. 
Published: August 2021

Barn owls, members of the family Tytonidae, are unmistakable nocturnal birds of prey. Their ghostly appearance and blood-curdling shriek have led to their incorporation into folklore and myth and have earned these birds a variety of nicknames, including "ghost owl" and "monkey-faced owl." Thirty-six subspecies have been identified worldwide. The subspecies that lives in North America is called Tyto alba pratincola. This document is WEC 185, one of a series of the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2005.
WEC 185/UW216: Barn Owl (Tyto alba) (ufl.edu)
Emergency Snakebite Action Plan
Authors: Johnson Steve A. , Main Martin B. 
Published: August 2021

In the unfortunate event that a child is bitten at school by a venomous snake, teachers and administrators should be prepared. We encourage schools to develop a plan of action and immediately initiate the plan if necessary. This document is WEC 200, one of a 4-part series of the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department entitled Dealing with Venomous Snakes in Florida School Yards, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2005.
WEC 200/UW226: Emergency Snakebite Action Plan (ufl.edu)
EVALUATION OF DIABETES RELATED DISTRESS AND ITS PREVELANCE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Singh Bhanu Pratap , Singh Abhimanyu 
Published: August 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most challenging public health problems in 21st century. Aims at examining the diabetes related distress among adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: We conducted a study in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College on 150 patients who were known cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus, to screen and account for diabetes related distress according to the DDS 17 scale.
Results: In our study, 72.00% diabetic patients had no distress, 26.00% patients had moderate distress and only 2.00% patients high distress. ‘
Conclusion: We concluded that prevalence of diabetes related distress in our study was less.
Keywords: DM, Diabetes related distress, Prevalence.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, URIC ACID AND GLUCOSE IN PREECLAMPSIA AND NORMAL PREGNANT WOMEN OF MALWA REGION OF MADHYA PRADESH
Authors: Jain Darshna , Kulmi Mohit , Paliwal Prachi , Paliwal Manoj Narayan 
Published: August 2021

Background: Comparative study of serum calcium, magnesium, uric acid and glucose in preeclampsia and normal pregnant women of malwa region of Madhya pradesh
Methods: For the Study, a total of 100 women ranging in age from 18-35 years were recruited. They were divided in two groups. 50 were pre-eclamptic women with gestational age of ?20 weeks (Case group) and rest 50 were normal pregnant women of same gestational age (Control group).The levels of magnesium, calcium, glucose, and uric acid in the blood were measured.
Result: Serum calcium and magnesium levels were significantly lower (p<0.001) in the pre-eclamptic group, whereas serum uric acid levels were significantly higher (p0<001) in preeclamptic group. The level of serum glucose was raised in preeclampsia.
Conclusion: serum levels of calcium, magnesium, uric acid and glucose are altered in pre-eclampsia, implying that these factors may play a role in the aetiology and severity of pre-eclampsia.so assessing the serum level of this parameters will aid in the early detection of pre-eclampsia.
Keywords: Calcium, Magnesium, Uric acid, Glucose, Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy
Coronary Flow Assessment Using Accelerated 4D Flow MRI With Respiratory Motion Correction
Authors: Blanken Carmen P. S. , Schrauben Eric M. , Peper Eva S. , Gottwald Lukas M. , Coolen Bram F. , van Wijk Diederik F. , Piek Jan J. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Planken R. Nils , van Ooij Pim , Nederveen Aart J. 
Published: August 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can potentially be used for non-invasive screening of patients with stable angina pectoris to identify probable obstructive coronary artery disease. MRI-based coronary blood flow quantification has to date only been performed in a 2D fashion, limiting its clinical applicability. In this study, we propose a framework for coronary blood flow quantification using accelerated 4D flow MRI with respiratory motion correction and compressed sensing image reconstruction. We investigate its feasibility and repeatability in healthy subjects at rest. Fourteen healthy subjects received 8 times-accelerated 4D flow MRI covering the left coronary artery (LCA) with an isotropic spatial resolution of 1.0 mm3. Respiratory motion correction was performed based on 1) lung-liver navigator signal, 2) real-time monitoring of foot-head motion of the liver and LCA by a separate acquisition, and 3) rigid image registration to correct for anterior-posterior motion. Time-averaged diastolic LCA flow was determined, as well as time-averaged diastolic maximal velocity (VMAX) and diastolic peak velocity (VPEAK). 2D flow MRI scans of the LCA were acquired for reference. Scan-rescan repeatability and agreement between 4D flow MRI and 2D flow MRI were assessed in terms of concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and coefficient of variation (CV). The protocol resulted in good visibility of the LCA in 11 out of 14 subjects (six female, five male, aged 28 ± 4 years). The other 3 subjects were excluded from analysis. Time-averaged diastolic LCA flow measured by 4D flow MRI was 1.30 ± 0.39 ml/s and demonstrated good scan-rescan repeatability (CCC/CV = 0.79/20.4%). Time-averaged diastolic VMAX (17.2 ± 3.0 cm/s) and diastolic VPEAK (24.4 ± 6.5 cm/s) demonstrated moderate repeatability (CCC/CV = 0.52/19.0% and 0.68/23.0%, respectively). 4D flow- and 2D flow-based diastolic LCA flow agreed well (CCC/CV = 0.75/20.1%). Agreement between 4D flow MRI and 2D flow MRI was moderate for both diastolic VMAX and VPEAK (CCC/CV = 0.68/20.3% and 0.53/27.0%, respectively). In conclusion, the proposed framework of accelerated 4D flow MRI equipped with respiratory motion correction and compressed sensing image reconstruction enables repeatable diastolic LCA flow quantification that agrees well with 2D flow MRI.
Hollow Mesoporous Silica by Ion Exchange-Induced Etching Strategy for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane
Authors: Zhang Aijing , Jiang Shengjuan , Shan Xuefei , Wang Jia , Zhou Mingzheng , Chai Maorong 
Published: August 2021

Hollow mesoporous silica (HMS) has attracted significant attention for fuel cell applications. The mesopores in the shell can accelerate proton transport and the void in the center of the particle is advantageous for proton storage. However, the conventional methods for HMS fabrication are complicated, which is not conducive to scaling up the fabrication of HMS. In this work, a new, simple strategy to synthesize HMS has been developed via OH− ion exchange-induced etching of mesoporous silica (mSiO2). The mSiO2 immersed in an alkaline Na2CO3 solution led to an exchange of the Br− ions in the surfactant with the OH− ions in the solution, resulting in a high concentration of OH− ions in the mesoporous channels of mSiO2 close to the core, and a low concentration of OH− ions close to the surface. This demonstrated that the etching of the core of mSiO2 was induced, which extended from the core to the surface of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the success of the ion exchange-induced etching process was demonstrated by the gradient distribution of the Na+ ion in mesoporous silica microspheres through microscopy. In addition, the proton conductivity of the phosphoric acid-impregnated HMS membrane at 180°C under anhydrous conditions was found to be 0.025 S.cm−1. These results demonstrate the simplicity of the ion exchange-induced etching strategy for the fabrication of HMS microspheres and its promising application in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Pacbio Sequencing of PLC/PRF/5 Cell Line and Clearance of HBV Integration Through CRISPR/Cas-9 System
Authors: Chen Chia-Chen , Guan Guiwen , Qi Xuewei , Abulaiti Abudurexiti , Zhang Ting , Liu Jia , Lu Fengmin , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: August 2021

The integration of HBV DNA is one of the carcinogenic mechanisms of HBV. The clearance of HBV integration in hepatocyte is of great significance to cure chronic HBV infection and thereby prevent the occurrence of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the low throughput of traditional methods, such as Alu-PCR, results in low detecting sensitivity of HBV integration. Although the second-generation sequencing can obtain a large amount of sequencing data, but the sequencing fragments are extremely short, so it cannot fully explore the characteristics of HBV integration. In this study, we used the third-generation sequencing technology owning advantages both in sequencing length and in sequencing depth to analyze the HBV integration characteristics in PLC/PRF/5 cells comprehensively. A total of 4,142,311 cleaning reads was obtained, with an average length of 18,775.6 bp, of which 84 reads were fusion fragments of the HBV DNA and human genome. These 84 fragments located in seven chromosomes, including chr3, chr4, chr8, chr12, chr13, chr16, and chr17. We observed lots of DNA rearrangement both in the human genome and in HBV DNA fragments surrounding the HBV integration site, indicating the genome instability causing by HBV integration. By analyzing HBV integrated fragments of PLC/PRF/5 cells that can potentially express HBsAg, we selected three combinations of sgRNAs targeting the integrated fragments to knock them out with CRISPR/Cas9 system. We found that the sgRNA combinations could significantly decrease the level of HBsAg in the supernatant of PLC/PRF/5 cells, while accelerated cell proliferation. This study proved the effectiveness of third-generation sequencing to detect HBV integration, and provide a potential strategy to reach HBsAg clearance for chronic HBV infection patients, but the knock-out of HBV integration from human genome by CRISPR/Cas9 system may have a potential of carcinogenic risk.
Early Warning Value of ASL-MRI to Estimate Premorbid Variations in Patients With Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunctions
Authors: Du Xue , Gao Yan , Liu Su , Zhang Jingya , Basnet Diksha , Yang Junjun , Liu Jiehui , Deng Yijie , Hu Jiayong , Wang Peijun , Liu Jianhui 
Published: August 2021

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a general complication following cardiac and major non-cardiac surgery amongst the elderly, yet its causes and mechanisms are still unknown. The present study aimed to detect whether regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) is altered in the brain before surgery in POCD patients compared with non-POCD (NPOCD) patients, thus, CBF variation may potentially predict the occurrence of early POCD.Methods: Fifty patients scheduled for spinal stenosis surgery were enrolled in the study. All study participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests (NPTs) by a well-trained neuropsychologist before the surgery and 1 week after the surgery. POCD was defined when the preoperative to postoperative difference of at least two of the NPTs’ |Z|-scores with reference to a control group exceeded 1.96. Pulsed arterial spin-labeling (ASL) MRI was scanned at least 1 day before surgery. The ASLtbx toolkit and SPM12 were applied to preprocess and correct the images, which were then normalized to the MNI brain template space to obtain standardized cerebral perfusion images.Results: POCD was identified in 11 out of 50 patients (22%). The CBF of the right superior temporal lobe, right and left middle cingulate gyrus, and the right hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus in POCD group was lower than that in NPOCD group (P &lt; 0.001). The CBF of the pars triangularis of inferior frontal gyrus in POCD group was higher than that in NPOCD group (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that CBF premorbid alterations may happen in cognitively intact elderly patients that develop early POCD. Alterations of preoperative CBF might be a bio-marker for early POCD that can be detected by noninvasive MRI scans.
Effect of Anesthesia/Surgery on Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites and Their Relationship With Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Lian Xinrong , Zhu Qianmei , Sun Li , Cheng Yaozhong 
Published: August 2021

Aims: Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is the decline in cognitive function of the central nervous system (CNS) after anesthesia/surgery. The present study explored whether anesthesia/surgery altered gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, examining their associations with risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in aged mice.Methods: Sixteen-month-old C57BL/6 mice underwent abdominal surgery under isoflurane anesthesia to establish an animal model of POCD. The Morris water maze test (MWMT) was used as an indicator of memory after surgery. The effects of anesthesia/surgical interventions on gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, hippocampus, and serum levels of inflammatory factors were examined.Results: The anesthesia/surgery induced more serious POCD behavior, increasing brain interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels than sham control mice. The relative abundance of bacterial genera Bacteroidales_unclassified, Mucispirillum, and Clostridiales_unclassified declined, whereas that of Escherichia–Shigella, actinomyces, Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, and Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group were enriched after anesthesia/surgery compared to the baseline controls. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) showed that the metabolites differed between post-anesthesia+surgery (post_A + S) and baseline samples and were associated with the fecal metabolism of tryptophan, kynurenic acid, N-oleoyl γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 2-indolecarboxylic acid, and glutamic acid. Furthermore, the differential metabolites were associated with alterations in the abundance of specific bacteria. These results indicate that the POCD intervention may be achieved by targeting specific bacteria associated with neurotransmitter metabolism.Conclusions: A transient cognitive disturbance induced by anesthesia/surgery may be associated with unfavorable alterations in gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, thereby contributing to the POCD development.
Evaluation of the Impact of Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Esophageal Cancer on Pathological Diagnosis and P16 Methylation and the Representativity of Endoscopic Biopsy
Authors: Qin Yu , Zhou Jing , Fan Zhiyuan , Gu Jianhua , Li Xinqing , Lin Dongmei , Deng Dajun , Wei Wenqiang 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundP16 methylation is expected to be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for esophageal cancer (EC). The intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) of EC has been mentioned but has not been quantitatively measured yet. We aimed to clarify the impact of ITH on pathological diagnosis and P16 methylation, and the concordance between endoscopic biopsy and the corresponding surgically resected tissue.MethodsWe designed a systematic sampling method (SSM) compared with a general sampling method (GSM) to obtain EC tumor tissue, tumor biopsy, and normal squamous epithelium biopsy. MethyLight assay was utilized to test P16 methylation. All specimens obtained by the SSM were pathologically diagnosed.ResultsA total of 81 cases were collected by the GSM, and 91.4% and 8.6% of them were esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and esophageal adenocarcinomas (EADs), respectively. Nine SSM cases were 100.0% ESCCs. The positive rates of P16 methylation of the GSM tumor and normal tissues were 63.0% (51/81) and 32.1% (26/81), respectively. For SSM samples, tumor tissues were 100.0% (40/40) EC and 85.0% (34/40) P16 methylated; tumor biopsy was 64.4% (29/45) diagnosed of EC and 68.9% P16 methylated; the corresponding normal biopsies were 15.7% (8/51) dysplasia and 54.9% (28/51) P16 methylated. The concordance of pathological diagnosis and P16 methylation between tumor biopsy and the corresponding tumor tissue was 75.0% and 62.5%, respectively.ConclusionThe SSM we designed was efficient in measuring the ITH of EC. We found inadequate concordance between tumor biopsy and tissue in pathological diagnosis and P16 methylation.
Aggresome–Autophagy Associated Gene HDAC6 Is a Potential Biomarker in Pan-Cancer, Especially in Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Xin , Huang Aimin 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundHistone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) regulates cytoplasmic signaling networks through the deacetylation of various cytoplasmic substrates. Recent studies have identified the role of HDAC6 in tumor development and immune metabolism, but its specific function remains unclear.MethodsThe current study determined the role of HDAC6 in tumor metabolism and tumor immunity through a multi-database pan-cancer analysis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) datasets were used to determine the expression levels, prognosis, tumor progression, immune checkpoints, and immune metabolism of HDAC6 in 33 tumors. Pathways, immune checkpoints, immune neoantigens, immune microenvironment, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA mismatch repair (MMR), and the value of methyltransferases. The R package was used for quantitative analysis and panoramic description.ResultsIn the present study, we determined that HDAC6 is differentially expressed in pan carcinomas, and by survival, we found that HDAC6 was generally associated with the prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, Thymoma, and uveal melanoma, where low expression of HDAC6 had a significantly worse prognosis. Secondly, through this experiment, we confirmed that HDAC6 expression level was associated with tumor immune infiltration and tumor microenvironment, especially in PAAD. Finally, HDAC6 was associated with immune neoantigen and immune checkpoint gene expression profiles in all cancers in addition to TMB and MSI in pan-cancers.ConclusionHDAC6 is differentially expressed in pan-cancers and plays an essential role in tumor metabolism and immunity. HDAC6 holds promise as a tumor potential prognostic marker, especially in colon cancer.
Audio-Guided Mindfulness Meditation During Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Sessions for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Cavallero Fiamma , Gold Michael C. , Tirrell Eric , Kokdere Fatih , Donachie Nancy , Steinfink Dan , Kriske Joseph , Carpenter Linda L. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has been shown to enhance the long-term treatment outcomes for major depressive disorder (MDD), and engagement of specific brain activities during brain stimulation may produce synergistic effects. Audio-guided meditation exercises are a component of MBCT that might be combined with standard transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) therapy sessions. We developed and pilot-tested a modified MBCT protocol for patients undergoing a standard course of TMS for MDD.Methods: Four MBCT audiotracks with differing durations and types of mental focus were selected. Patients listened to the audiotapes through headphones during daily TMS sessions for 5 consecutive weeks. The primary goal was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the meditation intervention with TMS. Changes in self-rated measures of symptom severity, stress, life satisfaction, and mindfulness were also assessed.Results: Seventeen depressed subjects completed the study and 12 terminated early. Reasons for discontinuation included an inability to meditate in the treatment setting and induction of negative mood states. TMS percussive sensations and clicking sounds hindered the ability of patients to fully concentrate on or hear the voice of the audiotape narrator. Some became overwhelmed or felt increased pressure, anxiety, or aggravation trying to do meditation exercises while receiving TMS.Conclusion: There is a growing interest in combining TMS with other concurrent psychotherapeutic interventions to optimize treatment outcomes. The results highlight numerous feasibility issues with MBCT via guided audiotapes during TMS treatment. Future work should draw on these shortcomings to evaluate the appropriateness of MBCT for depressed patients undergoing neuromodulation.
A Clinical Rationale for Assessing the Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Adjunctive Subcutaneous Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Magalhães Eduardo Jorge Muniz , Sarin Luciana Maria , Del Sant Lorena Catarina , Lucchese Ana Cecília , Nakahira Carolina , Tuena Marco Aurélio , Puertas Camila Brito , Rodovalho Fava Victor Augusto , Delfino Rodrigo Simonini , Surjan Juliana , Steglich Matheus Souza , Barbosa Matheus Ghossain , Abdo Guilherme , Del Porto José Alberto , Nemeroff Charles B. , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , Lacerda Acioly Luiz Tavares , Mello Andrea Feijo 
Published: August 2021

Background: A history of child sexual abuse (CSA) is related to higher suicide rates and poor treatment outcomes in depressed adult patients. Twenty years after the first study investigating the effects of ketamine/esketamine on depression and suicide, there is a lack of data on the CSA effects on this emerging treatment. Here, we assess the impact of CSA on adjunctive subcutaneous (SC) esketamine for treatment-resistant depression (TRD).Methods: A directed acyclic graphic (DAG) was designed to identify clinical confounders between CSA and esketamine predictors of response. The confounders were applied in a statistical model to predict depression symptom trajectory in a sample of 67 TRD outpatients.Results: The patient sample had a relatively high prevalence rate of CSA (35.82%). Positive family history of first-degree relatives with alcohol use disorder and sex were clinical mediators of the effects of esketamine in a CSA adult population. Overall, the presence of at least one CSA event was unrelated to esketamine symptom reduction.Conclusions: Unlike responses to conventional antidepressants and psychotherapy, CSA does not appear to predict poor response to esketamine.
Disability-Adjusted Life Years for the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Mexican Population
Authors: Salinas-Escudero Guillermo , Toledano-Toledano Filiberto , García-Peña Carmen , Parra-Rodríguez Lorena , Granados-García Víctor , Carrillo-Vega María Fernanda 
Published: August 2021

Mexico is one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 disease. Although there is vast information on the disease, there still are unknown data on the societal and economic cost of the pandemic. To estimate this impact, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) can be a useful tool.Objective: To assess the DALYs due to COVID-19 in Mexico.Methods: We used the data released by the Mexican Ministry of Health to estimate the DALYs by the sum of the years of life lived with disability (YLDs) and the years of life lost (YLLs).Results: A total of 1,152,885 confirmed cases and 324,570 suspected cases of COVID-19 have been registered. Half of the cases were men, with a median age of 43.4 ± 16.9 years. About 8.3% died. A total of 39,202 YLDs were attributable to COVID-19. The total YLLs caused by COVID-19 were 2,126,222. A total of 2,165,424.5 DALYs for COVID-19 were estimated. The total DALYs were the highest in people between 50 and 59 years. The DALYs for each COVID-19 case were the highest in individuals between 60 and 79 years.Conclusion: The DALYs generated by the COVID-19 represent a more significant disease burden than that reported for other causes, such as the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Although it impacts all age groups in terms of disability, the most affected group are people over 50 years of age, whose risk of death is higher.