bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint Distraction for Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis: 2-Year Follow-up Results of 20 Patients
Authors: Ottenhoff Janna S.E. , Spaans Anne J. , Braakenburg Assa , Teunis Teun , van Minnen L. Paul , Mink van der Molen Aebele B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Joint distraction is a fairly new treatment for patients with symptomatic thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC1 OA). A previous pilot study of five patients showed that CMC1 joint distraction is technically feasible. The current study presents the results of CMC1 joint distraction in 20 patients with a 2-year follow-up period.
Purposes The primary study aim was to assess if patients with CMC1 OA have better physical function and less pain 2 years after CMC1 joint distraction. Second, we assessed the number of patients who achieved a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in patient-reported outcome measures at each follow-up time point. Furthermore, this study sought differences on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the CMC1 joint before and after distraction. Adverse events were noted and reported.
Methods Twenty patients (median age of 54 years) with symptomatic CMC1 OA and an established indication for a trapeziectomy were enrolled. An external distractor device was placed over the CMC1 joint and left in situ for 8 weeks. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (MHQ), visual analogue scale (VAS), and grip strength were recorded preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.
Results Two years after joint distraction, physical function and pain scores had improved significantly compared with baseline: DASH from 48 to 17, MHQ from 56 to 83, and VAS for pain from 50 to 18 mm. Fourteen of 19 patients (74%) reached an MCID in DASH and MHQ scores. One patient was not satisfied with treatment outcome and chose to proceed with a trapeziectomy 14 months after initial distraction therapy.
Conclusions This study demonstrates that CMC1 joint distraction can postpone more invasive surgical interventions (e.g., trapeziectomy) for at least 2 years. Larger comparative studies are needed to assess the value of CMC1 joint distraction in the treatment of CMC1 OA.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, prospective case series study.
Trends in Spontaneous and Medically Indicated Preterm Birth in Twins versus Singletons: A California Cohort 2007 to 2011
Authors: Ness Amen , Mayo Jonathan A. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Druzin Maurice L. , Stevenson David K. , Shaw Gary M. 
Published: May 2021

Objective The study aimed to describe preterm birth (PTB) rates, subtypes, and risk factors in twins compared with singletons to better understand reasons for the decline in PTB rate between 2007 and 2011.
Study Design This was a retrospective population-based analysis using the California linked birth certificates and maternal-infant hospital discharge records from 2007 to 2011. The main outcomes were overall, spontaneous (following spontaneous labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes), and medically indicated PTB at various gestational age categories: <37, <32, and 34 to 36 weeks in twins and singletons.
Results Among the 2,290,973 singletons and 28,937 twin live births pairs included, overall PTB <37 weeks decreased by 8.46% (6.77–6.20%) in singletons and 7.17% (55.31–51.35%) in twins during the study period. In singletons, this was primarily due to a 24.91% decrease in medically indicated PTB with almost no change in spontaneous PTB, whereas in twins indicated PTB declined 7.02% and spontaneous PTB by 7.39%.
Conclusion Recent declines in PTB in singletons appear to be largely due to declines in indicated PTB, whereas both spontaneous and indicated PTB declined in twins.
Key Points
Ce-doped LaCoO3 film as a promising gas sensor for ethanol
Authors: Wu Liang , Shi Xiang , Du Huiling , An Qunli , Li Zhuo , Xu Hang , Ran Hongpei 
Published: May 2021

With increasing exposure to ethanol in various scenarios, including hand sanitizers that combat bacteria and viruses, energy-efficient miniaturized sensors capable of detecting excessive concentrations of ethanol are required in the fields of disinfection and chemical storage. Modified perovskite-type oxides with ABO3 structures are particularly attractive because they can be appropriately modified and have been used in heterogeneous catalysis and gas sensors. In this study, we designed and manufactured a novel thin-film-type LaCeCoO3 gas sensor using lithography technology and precursor-solution doping. The samples exhibited morphologies that contain randomly oriented nanostructures and short rods; the particle size was observed to decrease with Ce-addition. Room-temperature gas-sensing characterization studies revealed high reproducibility for the detection of ethanol. La0.96Ce0.04CoO3 exhibited superior stability and sensitivity, with a high impedance, |Z|, of ∼120 kΩ and a Δ|Z| of up to 77%, with response and recovery times of 16 and 8 s, respectively. This study provides a rational method for the development of LaCeCoO3 as a semiconducting material for ethanol gas-sensing applications.
Constant low‐to‐moderate mechanical asymmetries during a treadmill graded exercise test
Authors: Girard Olivier , Alsenoy Ken Van , Li Siu Nam , Ryu Joong Hyun , Peeling Peter 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThis study describes asymmetry in key mechanical variables during a treadmill‐based, running graded exercise test (GXT). Twenty‐one recreationally trained male runners completed a continuous, maximal GXT on an instrumented treadmill, starting at 9 km.h−1 with speed increases of +0.5 km.h−1 every 30 s, for the determination of ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal oxygen uptake (MAX). Ground reaction forces were recorded continuously and subsequently averaged from 10 consecutive steps corresponding to VT, RCP and MAX intensity stages (13.4 ± 1.2 km.h−1, 16.0 ± 1.6 km.h−1 and 18.2 ± 1.5 km.h−1, respectively). Asymmetry scores were assessed from the “symmetry angle” (SA) formulae, where a score of 0%/100% indicates perfect symmetry/asymmetry; these were then compared between the three intensity stages. There was no influence of exercise intensity on SA scores for any of the sixteen biomechanical variables (P > 0.222). The group mean SA scores did not exceed 1.5% for spatio‐temporal variables (contact time, aerial time, frequency and step length). There were larger mean SA scores for mean loading rate (3.7 ± 2.7%) and most spring‐mass model variables (vertical stiffness: 2.2 ± 1.6% and leg stiffness: 1.7 ± 1.4%). The SA scores were ∼1.0–3.5% for braking and propulsive phase durations, peak forces, and resulting impulses. Lower extremities behave similarly at submaximal and maximal intensities during GXT, indicating that runners maintained relatively even strides as intensity increased. However, practitioners must be careful not to infer the presence of asymmetry during GXT based on a single variable, given the lower SA scores for spatio‐temporal parameters.Highlights
Our comprehensive list of sixteen mechanical variables provides a mechanical norm of expected asymmetry during treadmill graded exercise testing for recreationally trained runners.
The stride pattern across submaximal and maximal exercise intensities remains consistent between limbs, with mechanical asymmetries being more individual‐specific than intensity stage‐dependent.
Low to moderate asymmetry is a natural phenomenon in recreationally trained runners during treadmill graded exercise testing; notwithstanding, asymmetry scores appear inconsistent between mechanical parameters.
Multiplexed Workplace Measurements in Biogas Plants Reveal Compositional Changes in Aerosol Properties
Authors: Pöther Dierk-Christoph , Schneider Daniela , Prott Ulrich , Karmann Jörg , Klug Kerstin , Heubach Nancy , Hebisch Ralph , Jäckel Udo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is an emerging technology producing energy from renewable resources or food waste. Exposure screenings, comprising hazardous substances and biological agents, at different workplaces are necessary for a comprehensive overview of potential hazards in order to assess the risk of employees in biogas plants. In order to analyse these parameters, workplace measurements were conducted in seven full-scale anaerobic digesters. Personal and stationary sampling was performed for inhalable and respirable particles, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Furthermore, concentrations of the total cell count, endotoxins, and fungi—down to species level—were determined in comparison to windward air. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes was utilized for the determination of the bacterial composition inside the biogas plants. Measurements of hazardous substances show hardly values reaching the specific occupational exposure limit value, except ammonia. An approximate 5-fold increase in the median of the total cell count, 15-fold in endotoxins, and 4-fold in fungi was monitored in the biogas plants compared with windward air. Specifying the comparison to selected workplaces showed the highest concentrations of these parameters for workplaces related to delivery and cleaning. Strikingly, the fungal composition drastically changed between windward air and burdened workplaces with an increase of Aspergillus species up to 250-fold and Penicillium species up to 400-fold. Sequence analyses of 16S rRNA genes revealed that many workplaces are dominated by the order of Bacillales or Lactobacillales, but many sequences were not assignable to known bacteria. Although significant changes inside the biogas plant compared with windward air were identified, that increase does not suggest stricter occupational safety measures at least when applying German policies. However, exposure to biological agents revealed wide ranges and specific workplace measurements should be conducted for risk assessment.
Hybrid Implant and Grafted Fat Breast Augmentation: Designing the Pathway to a Future With Breasts Free of Silicone Breast Implants
Authors: Sforza Marcos , Spear Scott 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Fat grafting in breast augmentation surgery is becoming increasingly popular, allowing surgeons to fill the gaps that implant augmentation alone cannot. However, one of the current issues surrounding fat grafting is the lack of standardization.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to validate and summarize expert-based advice to help plastic surgeons better understand the benefits of utilizing fat grating to reduce implant size in their surgical planning.

Methods
This was a prospective study of fat grafting in 56 patients who underwent fat transfer together with silicone breast implants. A 3-dimensional planning system was used to plan the procedure and also to analyze the fat retention and resorption rates. Pictures served as a basis for a questionnaire in which both patients and physicians were asked to rate their satisfaction.

Results
Patients reported a satisfaction rate of “excellent” in 83.3% of cases and “good” in 16.7%. Physician satisfaction was rated as “excellent” in 84.5% of cases, “good” in 13.3%, and “fair” in 4.2% of cases. The mean fat volume grafted per breast was 113.63 mL. The mean absorption rate was 4.53%.

Conclusions
The procedure presented consistent and reproducible results. Hybrid breast augmentation can help design a pathway for a future with breasts free of silicone. This information is particularly relevant for women who have their first breast augmentation at an early age and will probably have 2 to 5 additional surgeries in their lifetime due to the nature of current silicone breast technology.

Level of Evidence: 4
Bipolar Fractional Radiofrequency Treatment of Suprapatellar Skin Assessment Using Noninvasive Devices and Microbiopsy
Authors: Kislevitz Mikaela , Lu Karen B , Wamsley Christine E , Parsa Shyon , Hoopman John E , Kenkel Jeffrey M , Akgul Yucel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Noninvasive treatments for skin tightening are gaining popularity. However, no studies have assessed bipolar fractional radiofrequency treatment on suprapatellar skin.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bipolar fractional radiofrequency treatment on suprapatellar skin.

Methods
Twenty patients received 1 bilateral suprapatellar bipolar fractional radiofrequency treatment. They returned 7 days, 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months posttreatment. Noninvasive measurements were obtained at each visit, including high-resolution ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography, transepidermal water loss and skin elasticity. Microbiopsies were collected in the treatment area for histologic and gene expression analyses. Three clinicians completed photographic evaluations comparing texture and laxity at baseline vs 6 months posttreatment.

Results
Fifteen subjects completed all 6 visits. Both transepidermal water loss and dermal-epidermal junction roughness were increased at 3 weeks and 3 months posttreatment. Both attenuation coefficient and stiffness were increased significantly at 3 and 6 months posttreatment. Blood flow 0.5 mm below the surface and expression of epidermal hyaluronic acid and inflammatory genes IL-1b and IL-6 were significantly higher at 7 days posttreatment compared with pretreatment and 3 months posttreatment. There were no statistically significant changes in collagen- or elastin-related genes and proteins at 7 days or 3 months posttreatment. An improvement in texture and laxity was observed at 6 months posttreatment in 17.7% and 24.4% of photographs, respectively.

Conclusions
Radiofrequency treatment by microneedling of suprapatellar skin shows limited effects in decreasing skin laxity and improving skin appearance. At a molecular level, the treatment resulted in lower elastin and hyaluronic acid levels and increased dermal-epidermal junction roughness based on histology and optical coherence tomography imaging.

Level of Evidence: 4
Cross-Cultural Evaluation of the Dutch FACE-Q Rhinoplasty Questionnaires Using Rasch Analysis
Authors: Declau Frank , Pingnet Laura , Verkest Valérie , Hansen Tina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe English version of the FACE-Q rhinoplasty module, developed according to Rasch measurement theory, has recently been translated into Dutch. Before conclusions can be drawn from the Dutch version, this translation must also fit the item analysis by the Rasch model.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate cross-cultural equivalence between the Dutch and English versions of the FACE-Q rhinoplasty module by applying Rasch methodology.MethodsRasch analysis performed with Winsteps (Beaverton, OR) was used to evaluate the Dutch version of the FACE-Q nose and nostrils scales with data from a prospective consecutive cohort of 100 Dutch-speaking septorhinoplasty patients. New Dutch-related conversion tables were constructed for the FACE-Q nose and nostrils scales and compared to the original ones. Psychometric cross-validation was performed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.ResultsBoth questionnaires adequately met the requirement of invariance. Within an acceptable range, some issues with item and person fit were found, as well as some local item dependency and differential item functioning. However, comparison of the Dutch- and English-related conversion tables by ROC analysis demonstrated identical results for the FACE-Q nose and nostrils scales.ConclusionsItem analysis by the Rasch model on the data of a Dutch-speaking population proved the conceptual correspondence with the original English version.
Disparate origins for endemic bird taxa from the ‘Gondwana Rainforests’ of Central Eastern Australia
Authors: Mitchell Kieren J , Hugall Andrew F , Heiniger Holly , Joseph Leo , Oliver Paul M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Subtropical and temperate rainforests of Central Eastern Australia are some of the largest remaining fragments of their kind globally. The biota of these rainforests appears to comprise two broad biogeographical elements: a more ancient (Miocene or older) and typically upland temperate (‘Gondwanan’) element and a younger (Plio-Pleistocene) lowland tropical element. We present the first phylogenetic synthesis of the spatiotemporal origins for the eight bird taxa endemic to Central Eastern Australian Rainforests. At least five of these eight focal taxa show Plio-Pleistocene divergences from their respective northern sister taxa, consistent with origins driven by recent expansion and contraction of lowland rainforest. In contrast, two more strictly upland species, the rufous scrub-bird (Atrichornis rufescens) and the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii), diverged from their nearest living relatives during the Miocene, suggesting potentially longer histories of persistence and more temperate origins. Finally, we did not recover reciprocal monophyly in mitogenomes from the two extant lyrebirds, Albert’s lyrebird (Menura alberti) and the superb lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae). The disparate divergence ages recovered among all eight taxa are consistent with the biota of the Central Eastern Australian Rainforests comprising isolates either of younger age and tropical lowland origins or of older age and temperate upland origins.
Handel’s harpsichords revisited Part I: Handel and Ruckers harpsichords
Authors: Holman Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The harpsichords supposedly owned or played by Handel have long been the subject of scholarly enquiry, in recent years mainly to try to match their compasses and disposition to his solo music, a strategy also used, for instance, with instruments associated with J. S. Bach and Mozart. Similarly, Grant O’Brien, John Koster and others have tried to determine how Ruckers-family instruments might have been used to play early 17th-century keyboard music.
In these two articles I will survey the plucked keyboard instruments that have been associated with Handel from the composer’s time to the present. The focus in Part I is on three surviving Ruckers harpsichords that were promoted as ‘Handel’s harpsichord’ in the 18th and 19th centuries. A good deal of new information about them has come to light as the result of the recent projects to digitize newspapers, journals and other 18th- and 19th-century documents. This has enabled me to trace their provenance in greater detail than before, and to place them in the context of the process of importing, modernizing and circulating instruments by the Ruckers-Couchet family of Antwerp in 18th-century England. Evidence has also come to light of three more Ruckers instruments said to have been owned and used by Handel or his followers, making six in all, helping us to understand how they were used and why they might have preferred these obsolete instruments to the larger and more modern ones by London makers such as Shudi and Kirkman.
Should ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales be tested for ESBLs? A PRO/CON debate
Authors: Villegas Maria Virginia , Esparza German , Reyes Jinnethe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
ESBLs are a group of plasmid-mediated, diverse, complex and rapidly evolving enzymes that pose a therapeutic challenge today in hospital- and community-acquired infections. Thirty-six years after the first report, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for ESBLs are still the subject of controversy. Detection of these enzymes is recommended for epidemiological purposes and facilitates targeted therapy, necessary for antimicrobial stewardship. On the other hand, ESBLs are not confined to specific species, phenotypic detection methods have pitfalls, and concerns exist about the accuracy of antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems to rely on MIC values for cephalosporins and β-lactam combination agents. In this issue, we present a PRO/CON debate on ESBL testing for ceftriaxone-non-susceptible Enterobacterales.
Social and environmental correlates of rat complaints in Chicago
Authors: Sánchez Cecilia A , Rios María Jazmín , Murray Maureen H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Urban rats are widely distributed pests that have negative effects on public health and property. It is crucial to understand their distribution to inform control efforts and address drivers of rat presence. Analysing public rat complaints can help assess urban rat distribution and identify factors supporting rat populations. Both social and environmental factors could promote rat complaints and must be integrated to understand rat distributions. We analysed rat complaints made between 2011 and 2017 in Chicago, a city with growing rat problems and stark wealth inequality. We examined whether rat complaints at the census tract level are associated with factors that could influence rat abundance, rats’ visibility to humans, and the likelihood of people making a complaint. Complaints were significantly positively correlated with anthropogenic factors hypothesized to promote rat abundance (restaurants, older buildings, garbage complaints, and dog waste complaints) or rat visibility (building construction/demolition activity), and factors hypothesized to increase the likelihood of complaining (human population density, more owner-occupied homes); we also found that complaints were highest in the summer. Our results suggest that conflicts between residents and rats are mainly driven by seasonal variation in rat abundance and human activity and could be mitigated with strategies such as securing food waste from residential and commercial sources. Accounting for social factors such as population density, construction and demolition activity, and home ownership versus rental can also help cities more accurately predict blocks at higher risk of rat conflicts.
ALMA 13CO(J = 1–0) observations of NGC 604 in M33: physical properties of molecular clouds
Authors: Phiri S P , Kirk J M , Ward-Thompson D , Sansom A E , Bendo G J 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of 13CO(J = 1–0) line and 104 GHz continuum emission from NGC 604, a giant H ii region (GHR) in the nearby spiral galaxy M33. Our high spatial resolution images (3.2 arcsec × 2.4 arcsec, corresponding to 13 × 10 pc physical scale) allow us to detect 15 molecular clouds. We find spatial offsets between the 13CO and 104 GHz continuum emission and also detect continuum emission near the centre of the GHR. The identified molecular clouds have sizes ranging from 5–21 pc, linewidths of 0.3–3.0 km s−1 and luminosity-derived masses of (0.4–80.5) × 103 M⊙. These molecular clouds are in near virial equilibrium, with a spearman correlation coefficient of 0.98. The linewidth–size relationship for these clouds is offset from the corresponding relations for the Milky Way and for NGC 300, although this may be an artefact of the dendrogram process.