bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food-grade protease producing bacteria isolated from Indonesian soybean tempe gembus and red oncom after prolonged fermentation
Authors: Sulistyaningtyas AR , Baldivia AS , Mukaromah AH , Safitri R , Pamaya D , Lestari D , Friskayanti R , Yasin NF , Inayatul WO , Mony N , Indrajid I , Harun A , Darmawati S , Ethica SN 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe search of food-grade proteases allowing broad application in food industry and protein modification is on increase worldwide due to pressure on the market of these enzymes as commodity product, both on price reduction and increasing performance. This paper reports nine protease-producing bacterial strains as new sources of food-grade protease from bacteria isolated from two Indonesian fungal fermented foods, soybean Tempe gembus and red oncom. Isolation was conducted on every other day within 5 days of storing (post fermentation) and protease production tests were then carried out on skim milk media agar. Cells of the isolated proteolytic strains were morphologically identified using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and a bacterial phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 7 program based on partial sequences of 16S rRNA genes of these bacteria. Based on taxa analysis and plate-based pathogenicity test,B. megateriumIROD3 and,B. amyloquefaciensIROD2,B. tequilensisISTD3, andS. carnosusIROD4 appeared to be the potential candidates of food-grade proteolytic enzyme producers. This study concluded that prolonged fungal fermentation of soybean Tempe gembus and red oncom allowed growth of known low - nonpathogenic protease producing bacteria.
Degradation performance and microencapsulation of hydrolytic bacterial consortium formulated as bioremediation agent of liquid biomedical waste
Authors: Ethica S N , Firmansyah A , Purwaningrum E , Hidayati N , Muchlissin S I , Sukeksi A , Sulistyaningtyas A R , Zilda D S , Darmawati S , Sabdono A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to develop bioremediation agent with bacterial cells as components for the treatment of biomedical wastes from two hospitals in Semarang City (Central Java), i.e. Roemani Muhammadiyah (coded R1) and Wongsonegoro (coded R2). Single isolates and consortium of indigenous hydrolytic bacteria characterized as multiple hydrolytic enzyme producers with low-to non-pathogenic properties obtained from previous study were tested for their degradation performance. The degradation performance test is necessary to formulate components of bacterial consortium as bioremediation agent. The tests were conducted on the selected bacteria as single isolate and as consortium. The six bacteria tested as single colonies and as consortium were Bacillus velezensis R1.3, B. amyloliquefaciens R1.6, B. amyloliquefaciens R1.14, B. velezensis R1.16, B. licheniformis R2.5, and B. amyloliquefaciens R2.9. Degradation performance on biomedical waste mainly containing organic matters was assessed based on water pollution parameters on 4.0-L samples. They included a control, 6 samples treated with bacteria as single colonies, a sample treated with bacteria as indigenous consortium and a sample treated with bacteria as mixed consortium. Parameters of wastewater pollution measured included COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TSS (Total Soluble Solid), NH3, and PO4. Next, encapsulation of a bacterial consortium as the best condition for degradation was also carried out using maltodextrin to allow storage and preservation of the bioremediation agent for longer period. The encapsulated product was visualized in SEM images to evaluate its quality. The results showed that a consortium comprising 4 indigenous bacterial isolates from R1 hospital could decrease BOD of biomedical wastewater by 85% and TSS by 43%. Those from R2 showed performance in reducing PO4 by 21%. This study demonstrated that compared to single isolates and mixed bacterial consortium tested, the indigenous hydrolytic bacterial consortium showed better ability in improving BOD and TSS of liquid biomedical waste of R1 hospital.
Molecular systematic and phylogenetic analysis of indigenous bacterial isolates with potential as bioremediation agent based on 16S rRNA gene analysis
Authors: Iskandar A U , Ethica S N , Sukeksi A , Mukaromah A H , Sulistyaningtyas A R , Darmawati S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Liquid biomedical waste is a form of medical waste from community health centers (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat or Puskesmas) with high levels of health hazardous organic contaminants. Bioremediation is an alternative way to eliminate toxic components in liquid waste. A bacteria community that can be used as component of organic waste bioremediation is indigenous hydrolytic and non-pathogenic to low-pathogenic bacteria. From previous studies, 4 hydrolytic indigenous bacterial isolates with such characteristics were obtained from liquid clinical wastes of two health centers in Semarang City, namely H1, H3, H5 (from Puskesmas Halmahera), and T3 (from Puskesmas Tlogosari Kulon). This study aimed to reveal the molecular identity and kinship these bacterial isolates to understand more of their properties as consortium of bioremediation agent. Molecular identification and phylogenetic tree construction works were carried out based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Sequences of 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained by isolation and gene amplification using the PCR method followed by sequencing. Based on the results of molecular identification, the four isolates studied were in the same class, namely Gammaproteobacter with Phylum Proteobacter. H1 bacterial isolates have 98.01% similarity with Acinetobacter schindleri. H3 and H5 isolates share the same genus, Stenotrophomonas, with 99.79% similarity with S. maltophiphila and 97.69% with S. acidaminiphila, respectively. T3 isolate had a similarity of 98.85% with Pararheinheimera aquatica species, which was widely known as a potent bioremediation agent. The phylogenetic tree design with the MEGA 6 program showed that the H3 and H5 isolates had the closest kinship compared to the other two isolates, while the T3 isolates had the farthest relationship with the 3 other isolates. This is in line with the fact that T3 isolate was originated from a different location separating it from 3 other isolates.
Preliminary study of insecticidal effect of citronella grass essential oil (Cymbopogon nardus) against post harvest pest Sitophilus oryzae
Authors: Kardinan A , Maris P , Rizal M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Sitophilus oryzae is one of major postharvest pest in rice. It damaged the grain quantitatively and qualitatively (decreasing the product hygiene and causing the residue of its excretion). The research used natural insecticide comprise citronella grass which is a promising botanical insecticide to be used for controlling postharvest pest. This research has been conducted in the laboratory of Entomology, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI) in January to March 2020. Citronella grass was distilled to obtain its essential oil containing 39% of citronella and 86% of geraniol. The research consisted of three methods, i.e. (a) repellent, designed by Completely Randomized Design, 5 treatments (concentration at 10%; 7.5%; 5%; 2.5%; and 1.25%), and 5 replications; and toxicity by using probit analysis applied by (b) contact; and (c) residue. The result revealed the oil may repel 33% at concentration of 10%, followed by concentration of 7.5%; 5% and 2.5% may repel as much as 24.6%; 20.4% and 10.8% consecutively. The LC50 of contact and residue toxicity are 23.2% and 1.71%. Applied by residual is more toxic than by contact. This showed that citronella grass essential oil has good prospect as natural insecticide to control S. oryzae, therefore the research need to be elaborated.
Stimulation effect of synthetic plant growth regulator (GA3 and BAP) on young cinchona plant (Cinchona ledgeriana) grown in lowland
Authors: Maxiselly Y , Anjasari I R D , Sutari W , Ariyanti M , Soleh M A , Sari R A , Chiarawipa R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cinchona is a pharmaceutical plant that produces medical substance. This plant contains copious type of alkaloid such as quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine. Several obstacles might restrict cinchona cultivation, mainly climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall. One of the efforts to improve cinchona growth in lowland through the application of synthetic plant growth regulator (PGR). Two stages of experimental design were used in this study: first stage was the application of GA3 in six levels from October to December 2017 and the second stage was six levels of BAP concentrations treatment from July until October 2018. The experimental design used was randomized block design (RBD) with 4 replications at low altitude area for cinchona plant. The results showed GA3 applications have a significant effect towards leaves width and plant height. The 225 ppm of GA3 dosage produced maximum leaf width, 100ppm yielded the maximum number in plant height, and 150ppm produced the highest leaf count. While GA3 as a PGR improved the vegetative characters, various concentration of BAP had positive impact for stem diameter, leaves number, leaves area, and chlorophyll content on young cinchona plant grown in lowland area.
Climate based model in determining the distribution pattern of Cecropia peltata L across global landscape
Authors: Yudaputra A , Hutabarat P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Climate change becomes a major threat to the global biodiversity. It alters the ecological niche of species, even small change in temperature could have a significant impact to the distribution pattern of biodiversity. Cecropia peltata is an invasive species with wide range geographic distribution. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of climate change to the current and future distribution of invasive plant C. peltata. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Boosted Regression Tress (BRT) algorithm of machine learning were used to predict the current and future distribution. The occurrence records of C. peltata was obtained from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). There were 2691 occurrence records in GBIF database. The global climatic variables with the resolution 2.5 km were used as predictors of model. VIF was used to select the multicollinearity among those variables using threshold of 0.7. The CIMP5 of Global Circulation Model (GCM) was used to understand the impact of climate change to the distribution of the plant. The future projection on year 2070 with the worst climate scenario RCP 8.5 was used on these predictive models. The SVM and BRT models were actually relevant to be used as predictive models with AUC >0.90 and categorised as excellent predictive models. The future distribution pattern was likely to be shifted compared to the current distribution prediction. The output of this study as predictive current and future distribution maps would be useful to provide an information about the potential area where the species might be invading based on the training data (observation data). Furthermore, the prediction of future distribution would be necessary to understand how the climate change literally affects the range of distribution of the invasive plant species.
Ethnobotanical knowledge on jamu herbal drink among consumer in Semarang
Authors: Husain F , Yuniati E , Arsi A A , Wicaksono H , Wahidah B F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Jamu is an herbal drink made from various types of medicinal plants. Jamu is very popular in Indonesia, especially for Javanese people. This herbal drink is considered a natural healthy drink to treat diseases and keep the body healthy if consumed continuously. This study explores about knowledge of jamu and medicinal plants consumed daily by consumers of the Jamu Ngadirgo in Semarang. In this study, the authors used qualitative research methods. Data were collected by using observation and interview technique. There were 21 informants who are also consumers of Jamu Ngadirgo who participated in this research. In this study, there were eight types of jamu that are commonly consumed daily by consumers. The types of jamu Ngadirgo Semarang are cabe puyang, kunir asem, beras kencur, temulawak, pahitan, surih/sirih, kunir kentel, and wejahan. There are 13 species of medicinal plants from 8 families used as ingredients to make jamu, as well as two non-plant ingredients that were mixed. However, the consumers could only mention 8 of 13 species of medicinal plants commonly used in herbal medicine. They are cabai jawa, kencur, kunyit, temulawak, asam jawa, brotowali, sambiroto, and sirih. Some parts of plants as medicinal ingredients consist of roots, leaves and rhizomes. Non-plant ingredients that are mixed in making herbal medicine are palm sugar and salt.
Katilayu (Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh.) Population In Mt. Baung Nature Tourism Park
Authors: Mudiana Deden , Ariyanti E.E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Katilayu (Lepisanthes rubiginosa) is one of the native plants of Indonesia that has not been much studied for the information on its existence and its potential utilization. This species has the risk of decreasing its population in nature due to several things, including the assumption of some people that this plant produces “fossil latex” which has magical abilities that increase the potential for exploitation; the other potential benefits and uses are not well known, so their cultivation is neglected; and the decreasing extent of forests in Indonesia. Research at Mt. Baung Nature Tourism Park (NTP), Pasuruan, East Java was carried out to determine the population of katilayu in the conservation area, to be precise by analyzing the vegetation and data collection on the number of individuals in the conservation area of Mt. Baung NTP. Observation of the physical environment where it grew was also done to find out the picture of the condition of the environment in which it grows. From this study it was known that the condition of the population in Mt. Baung was still quite good with the composition of individual densities at each growth stratum still showing a normal graph, that was inverted J-shaped form. Its presence was relatively scattered throughout the study site.
Evaluation of mungbean lines for resistance to Cercospora leaves spot and powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) diseases in the green house
Authors: Sumartini  , Trustinah  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mungbean is an important food crop, it is a source of carbohydrates, protein and B vitamine. Therefore the production must be increased. In increasing the production of mungbean, there are several constrains including disease infection. Leaf spot and powdery mildew are the main diseases on mungbean. Planting the resistant varieties to leaf spot / powdery mildew is an effective, easy, and inexpensive way. The aim of research is to get some resistant mungbean lines against leaf spot and powdery mildew disease. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute, from May to September 2019. Evaluation of the resistance of mungbean lines to leaf spot and powdery mildew was carried out consecutively. The material tested was 20 mungbean breeding lines from the breeding section, with one resistant variety and one susceptible variety as a check. Inoculation was done by spraying the suspension of Cercospora cruenta spores of leaf spot, or Erysiphe polygoni spores of powdery mildew, with a density of 104 spores / ml in the afternoon. Observation of the intensity of leaf spot or powdery mildew disease is carried out three times, starting at one week after the first symptoms appeared. The results showed that out of 20 mungbean lines tested, there were no line that were resistant, 7 lines were moderately resistant and 13 lines were moderately susceptible to leaf spot disease. Out of 20 lines of mungbeans tested, 8 lines were resistant and 12 lines were moderately resistant to powdery mildew.
Evaluation of total phenolic, flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of various parts of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl fruit
Authors: Christina Y I , Nafisah W , Widodo  , Rifa’i M , Djati M S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to investigate antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract of pericarp, mesocarp and seeds of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. The total phenolic content was determined as Gallic acid (GAE) equivalent, and flavonoid contents were determined as Quercetin (QE) equivalent. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used to measure the antioxidant activity. The cytotoxicity activities were tested against breast cancer cell lines T47D using WST-1 (4-[3-(4-Iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene sulfonate) assay. The ethanol extract of pericarps, rich in flavonoid (43.88 ± 2.33), exhibited the most potent antioxidant activities to DPPH (IC50: 16.01 μg/mL). However, a high amount of phenolic content (66.57 ± 2.33 mg GAE/g) was found in the ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa mesocarp. The ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa seeds exhibited high cytotoxic activities against T47D cell lines in a dose-dependent manner compared to mesocarp and pericarp extracts. These results suggested that the ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa seeds could be used as an anticancer against T47D cell lines.
Organic farming system of cocoa plantations in South Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Leksono A S , Mustafa I , Gama Z P , Afandhi A , Zairina A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMalang Regency is one of the cocoa producers in East Java, Indonesia with an area of more than 3,000 hectares. Some cocoa plantation in Malang have implemented organic farming systems. The purpose of this study was to reveal the organic farming process and system of cocoa plantations in South Malang. This research was conducted in Sumbermanjing Wetan Sub-district from May to July 2020 with a survey method of 40 respondents, selected by snowball sampling. The results showed that 97.5% of farmers understood about organic farming systems. Most of their knowledge comes from field instructors and fellow members of farmer groups. The practice of organic farming that they do is by using organic fertilizer derived from manure, compost, and liquid organic fertilizers. Furthermore, farmers also use 16 plant species as botanical pesticides. In pest control, 65% of farmers also understand the importance of natural enemies. One of the most popular natural enemies is the weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) or as a pest control Tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis antoniii). Type of effort to preserve: preparing special trees, making nests, leaving them alive and breeding, and avoiding sprayed with pesticides. However, farmers still undergo obstacles such as field maintenance and processing, less effective pest control, expensive of market bio-pesticides price products, declining crop yields, and marketing difficulties.
Combining ability and heterosis to root-knot nematode resistance on seven genotypes of kenaf using full diallel cross analysis
Authors: Parnidi  , Soetopo L , Damanhuri  , Marjani  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A full diallel cross is confirmed to be able to advocate kenaf breeders to select breeding materials, such as inbred lines that produce the best combination with heterosis properties. The results of this study provided information about general combining abilities (GCA) of parents, specific combining ability (SCA), as well as heterosis values. This study aims to estimate the combining abilities and heterosis values of root-knot nematodes in kenaf originated from the full diallel cross. Semi-field research was conducted in an experimental garden located at Karangploso Balittas, from November 2018 to January 2019. The variance of GCA values was higher than SCA values for the number of root knot, reproductive factors, and number of egg mass. In contrast, the variance of GCA values was lower than SCA values for the number of second-stage juvenile (J2) and the number of egg per egg mass characters. KR4, K45, and KR15 genotypes indicated negative GCA values on all characters tested. Meanwhile, KR1, Kin2 and DS028 genotypes signified susceptibility with a positive GCA value. The crossbreeding combinations showed negative SCA values on the number of second-stage juvenile, the number of egg mass and the number of egg per egg mass characters of resistance to root-knot nematodes (M. incognita), i.e. KR6 x DS028. KR4, KR5 and KR15 genotipe was quite consistent with negative GCA and SCA values, as well as heterosis values for characters of resistance to root-knot nematodes on kenaf roots on the number of second-stage juvenile (J2), the number of egg mass and the number of egg per egg mass characters tested. Genotype of KR4 x KR5 and its reciprocal have negative heterobeltiosis values on number of second-stage juvenile, egg mass, and the number of eggs per egg mass evaluated characters
Morphological characters review on white-lipped frog (Chalcorana chalconota; Schelgel, 1837) based on morphometrical analysis, within the population of Java
Authors: Priambodo B , Hamidy A , Kurniawan N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Chalcorana chalconota or White-Lipped Frogs are widely distributed in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. Described as a species complex, C. chalconota from Java Island is very necessary to be studied its taxonomic status. Intra-population studies are important to determine the representation of a population in a particular place. Therefore, we have aimed to elaborate on the relationship of C. chalconota within the Java population using a morphometric approach. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Herpetology, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Morphometric measurements were performed totally on 47 individuals of C. chalconota from Java Island with 29 morphological characters. Data analyses using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis with Bray-Curtis Index. PCA on both sexes investigated a random grouping, both samples from West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Banten. Clustering analyses on male and female population are indicating high indexed of Bray Curtis with score up to 0.9, means very closely related among individual. Such as PCA, clustering analysis produces the same grouping patterns (random) from different localities. Based on PCA and clustering analysis, we interpreted that C. chalconota in the Javanese population was closely related with evidence of conserved morphological characters.
Comparison of serum protein profile in Indonesian Local Ettawah goats with single and twin offspring using SDS-PAGE
Authors: Mudawamah M , Putri GR , Sumartono  , Ciptadi G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Indonesian Local Ettawah Goats (ILEG) is local Indonesian livestock with more than one offspring potential. There is no description of the serum protein profile of female goat with single and twin offspring. This study aimed to compare the protein band type, the percentage of protein band appearance, protein band thickness between the female goat serum of single and twin offspring. This research method was a case study at the breeding village of Ampel Gading Malang East Java, Indonesia. The sample came from ILEG female with single and twin offspring, which had a record of three offsprings with six replications per group. Serum samples were isolated from whole blood taken through the goat jugular vein. Separation of blood serum with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and performed by Panther Data Base for analysis of protein type data. The results showed that single and twin ILEG had ten types of protein bands 13-140 kDa with an average percentage of protein band appearances of 8.32% higher in twin offsprings compared to single offspring. The thickening level of a protein band at 44-94 kDa in female goat with twin offsprings was increased expression compared to single offspring. The ILEG protein profile of twin offspring was higher in quality and quantity than single offspring. The research recommends molecular protein weight at 44-94 kDa as a candidate to an early detect female goat with twin offspring.