bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications with the Zurich Canine Total Hip Replacement System in an Initial Series of Cases Performed by a Single Surgeon
Authors: Franklin Samuel P. , Miller Nathan A. , Riecks Todd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to quantify the complications using the Zurich total hip replacement system in an initial series of cases performed by a single surgeon who had experience with other total hip replacement systems.Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study in which complications were classified as major if any treatment was needed or if the outcome was less than near-normal function. Complications that did not warrant treatment and that did not result in function that was inferior to near-normal were considered minor. Outcomes were assessed by radiographic review, physical examination, subjective gait evaluation or, in one case, by objective gait analysis. Bilateral total hip replacements were considered separate procedures.Results The first 21 procedures in 19 dogs performed by a single surgeon were included. The mean time to follow-up was 48 weeks (range: 8–120 weeks; standard deviation: 36 weeks). Two cases (of 21) experienced major complications including one dog with excess internal femoral rotation during weight bearing and one dog having luxation. One case (of 21) had a minor complication; femoral fracture in the presence of an intact bone plate that maintained alignment and healed without treatment.Clinical Significance A high rate of successful outcomes with few major complications can be obtained in the initial cases treated using the Zurich total hip replacement system for surgeons with prior experience with other total hip replacement systems.
Sand Sampling for Testing
Authors: Salman Ban Fadhil , Al-Rumaithi Ayad , Al-Jelawy Haider M. , Al-Sherrawi Mohannad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fine aggregate (Sand) is a necessary material used in concrete construction purposes, it’s naturally available and it’s widely used around the world for different parts of construction in any building mainly for filling the voids between gravel. Sand gradation is important for different composite materials, and it gives good cohesion when compared with coarse sand that provides strength for the building. Therefore, sand is necessary to be tested before it is used and mixed with other building materials in construction and the specimen must be selected carefully to represent the real material in the field. The specimen weight must be larger than the required weight for test. When the weight of the sand sample increases the approximate precision desired increases. In this study, an approximated multilinear function for Fuller’s curve on the logarithmic scale was used to simulate the fine aggregate (sand) numerically. In order to get the effect of different samples, a stochastic analysis was done by employing 100 realizations of specimens, has been conducted to study the effect of sampling on sieve analysis and the root mean square error (RMSE) for the variation between desired and sampled curves. Then the results were compared with available specifications recommendations.
Seismic performance of Al-wand earth dam: numerical analysis
Authors: Th Al-hadidi M , Abbas I H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The seismic can be threatened the stability of the flexible body of the earth dam and can cause completely damaged or deformation on their embankment. Therefore, a geotechnical engineer needs to know the effect of earthquakes on earth structures. The change in the seismic zone that recently Iraq affected is the reason for this research, in general, in 2017, the whole of Iraq, and in particular the region, where the Al-Wand earth dam (the subject of the study) is located, was exposed to several earthquakes. This research project mainly aims to study the behavior of Al-Wand earth dam under seismic load in different conditions by simulating Al-Wand earth dam through numerical modeling and study the influence of water reservoir level, earthquake peak acceleration, and duration. This paper includes an analytical study of the effect of this earthquake on Al-wand earth dam, using the quake/w program, which is a sub-program of geo-studio, also the stability of the dam was studied under the influence of earthquakes of different intensity, and a review of the impact of different water levels on the stability of the body dam. Where the response of the Al-wand dam was analyzed to earthquakes at the normal and the maximum water level, and by using a quake that may have been exposed to Iraq in 2017 and used the time of 100 seconds and using an acceleration of 0.02g, 0.03g, 0.05g measured by units of ground acceleration to identify the behavior of displacements, effective stress and pore water pressure during the earthquake.
Investigation the effect of different types of mineral fillers on mechanical properties of Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Al-gurah Esraa R. , Al-Humeidawi Basim H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of waste materials in the construction process has become more popular during the last decades since that it reduces the initial cost and reduces the cost of solid waste disposal. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is a waste material available in a huge quantity of Iraq and used as mineral filler in this study. The current research focuses on the investigation of the effect of three types of mineral filler on mechanical properties of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). In addition to RHA, the limestone and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) were used as mineral fillers (MF). The RHA was prepared by burning it in two stages, the first stage involves burning the RHA in a closed space and the second stage involves burning the RHA in an oven at 800 °C for two hours. Different percentages of these mineral fillers as (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) RHA and OPC replacement with conventional mineral filler were used in produced HMA. The obtained mixes were tested to determine Marshall Stability, Marshall Flow, indirect tensile strength and tensile strength ratio. The results showed that the RHA can be used as mineral filler in HMA; however, the optimum ratio of mineral filler was 25 % RHA and 75 % limestone.
Selecting the best route location for bus rapid transit using geographic information system (gis): kut city is a case study
Authors: Balket Shaymaa F. , Asmael Noor M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Traffic congestion is one of the major problems that most cities face in Iraq. Traffic congestion leads to increased delays, fatigue, vehicle operating costs, pollution. Congestion increases with every additional vehicle on the road. And the city of Kut is one of the Iraqi cities, which after 2003 witnessed a significant increase in the number of vehicles at the expense of public transport as a result of the improvement in the economic situation and the raising of the standard of living for individuals, which was accompanied by the possibility of buying a private car, which negatively affected the traffic in the city, especially at peak times .This study aims to propose a new means of public transport in the city of Kut, bus rapid transit, and the main purpose is to encourage citizens to leave the private car to alleviate traffic congestion by refining the level of service and performance for the public transport system in the city and the citizen’s comfort as a final outcome by delivering citizens to their place of residence or their place of work as soon as possible and at the lowest cost. In this study, geographic information system was adopted in processing and analyzing data and applying a program AHP to calculate criteria weights. The geospatial analysis approach was used to choose the route and within the basic design of the city of Kut by searching for sites that meet the choice criteria employing the advantages of GIS in the ability to overlay and merge maps and the network analysis.
Simulation of U-turn traffic based on VISSIM and PARAMICS micro simulation
Authors: Al-Kareawi Zainab A T , Al-Obaedi Jalal T S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Traffic simulation models are one of the most important tools that are widely used to analyse and manage transport systems. These tools are used to model complex traffic sites and evaluate various traffic alternatives and testing their effect prior to application in real sites. Median U- turn is an example of such complicated sites. There are many microsimulation tools such as VISSIM, ALIMSUN and PARAMICS. The goal of this study is to develop the simulation model of median U-turns and compares between VISSIM and PARAMICS models. The data were collect from two-selected site at Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq. The data used in verification of the developed model represent the through traffic volumes and turning traffic volumes at both directions as well as the average queue length created at the U-turn site. The calibration and validation process of the developed models show that both VISSIM and PARAMICS models can provides reasonable approximation for real traffic at the selected site. Further research is needed to examine these tools based on additional sites and to apply such tools to examine different scenarios to enhance traffic conditions at U-turn sites.
Surface soil enhancement for MSW lining by silica fume
Authors: Hussain Entessar K. , Al-Ameen Jathwa , janna Hussein 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The improvement of engineering properties for surface soils is of significance through the resources shortage. Therefore, the present study focused on determined the silica fume influence as industrial waste products on engineering characteristics of surface available soil as a soft soil with poor engineering properties to enhance the hydraulic properties to be used for landfill lining layer and prevent migration leachate for surrounding environment. Silica fume was added to the soil to enhance the permeability with 5%, 10% weight ratio. Then, Atterberg limits and permeability tests were conducted. The results indicated that silica fume increase the flow and plasticity characteristics of the stabilized soils. Addition of 5% and 10% silica fume to surface soil reduce the permeability up to 46% and 57% respectively.. It was concluded that silica fume filled pore space between soil particles and a dense matrix were formed. This textural event caused an improvement in permeability characteristics which represent the major concern in design MSW lining layer.
Modelling hybrid reactive powder concrete T-beams
Authors: Marzoq Zahraa Hadi , Borhan Tumadhir Merawi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of current study is to evolve a nonlinear finite element model to simulate the influence of the type of concrete on reactive powder concrete (RPC) T-beams. Four simply supported T-beams were modelled and the difference is in the type of concrete (full normal strength concrete (NSC), full RPC, RPC in the web only, RPC in flange only). Commercial ABAQUS software package with the damaged plasticity model (CDP) is proposed for modelling the reinforced concrete (RC) structural members. The compressive stress-strain relationship and uniaxial tensile in addition to the damage parameter of the material were proposed to be effectively utilized in ABAQUS. From the analysis of the finite element model for each beam, the predicted ultimate load capacity against the deformation response was gained and validated with the results of the experimental work.
Behavior of corrugated steel compact I-section beams
Authors: Hasan Zinah K. , Hemzah Sadjad A. , Al-kannoon Muslim Abdul- Ameer Khudhair 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study deals with the experimental behavior of steel beams with a corrugated section, which is approximately equivalent to a compact I-shape plate girder section. Each part of the compact section (flanges and web) was transformed to its equivalent corrugated shape, depending on the available steel plate in the local market, by two plates separated by internal steel stiffeners of a zek zak shape. Six specimens were fabricated and tested in which one of them was considered as a control beam with no corrugation while the other five ones were with various schemes of corrugation for the flanges and the web . The experimental results showed that an increment of nearly 22% in the ultimate load was obtained when the section’s height increased by 25% due to the corrugation process. Furthermore, the mid-span deflection reduced by 57% as the section’s height increased by 29%. Besides, the modes of failure changed from flexural to shear in all the tested corrugated specimens.
Load-slip relationship of multi-type shear connectors based on push-out test
Authors: Tahir Ali. K. , Shallal Muhaned A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe push-out test used in this study to present the performance of continuous perfobond connectors. A total of seven specimens that are composed of lightweight concrete-filled steel tubes with two reinforced blocks were tested. The main investigated parameters were the concrete compressive strength of the blocks, specification of perfobond shear connector, and the type of shear connector. Specimens were inspected under a concentrated load applied on the steel tube filled with lightweight concrete while the slip is measured by two LVDTs. The results show that the ultimate shear strength and stiffness are increasing with increment concrete compressive strength. The T-type and mixed-type show increase in the ultimate shear strength compared with perfobond type, while a maximum slip of specimens decreasing with increasing the compressive strength of the concrete.
Experimental study of steel-concrete bridge girder subjected to environmental condition
Authors: Awaad Maryam. S. , Shallal Muhaned A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the experimental result for four-season for steel-concrete composite bridge girder in Iraq. The model was put in an open environmental condition to be subjected to variation in thermal loads, these loads are solar radiation, ambient air temperature, and wind speed. The model was equipped with seven thermocouples in concrete and seven thermocouples in steel and one between steel and concrete to measure temperature. This article aims to provide an experimental measurement to understand the behavior of temperature distribution in Iraq. The practical study is the first in Iraq to be conducted on this type of bridge. The result showed the solar intensity, ambient air temperature and wind speed are higher effects for a sunny day, and the temperature distribution inside the girder, for the same thermocouple the temperature shows different behavior concerning the season.
Statistical evaluation of vertical and lateral temperature gradients in concrete box-girders
Authors: Abid Sallal R , Al-Bugharbee Hussein , Mhalhal Jasim M. , Al-Gasham Thaar S. , Tayşi Nildem , Özakça Mustafa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric thermal loads are considered as one of the effective loads on bridge structures. The thermal actions in bridge superstructures are considered in most of the recent bridge design specifications. In this study, a concrete girder segment was cast in place in an open field to simulate the actual atmospheric exposure case of bridge girders. Inside and close the surfaces of the webs and flanges of the girder 62 thermocouples were distributed to measure the concrete temperatures in different sectional locations. In addition, the experimental field was provided with a compact weather station that records the three main influential atmospheric loads, which are the solar radiation and the temperature and speed of the field’s air. The experimental data from all sensors were recorded for a one-year that considers the variation of loads in the four seasons. The effective maximum temperature gradients, both vertically (along the depth of webs) and horizontally (along the width of flanges), were statistically correlated to the atmospheric loads and their derivatives. Nonlinear correlations were introduced to estimate the maximum gradients with determination coefficients of 0.92 to 0.96. The maximum errors between the experimental and predicted temperatures for the whole investigated period were in general less than 3.0 °C. The obtained correlations for the lateral gradients were more complicated than for the vertical gradient due to the effect of other parameters like the day index, which is related to the striking angle of solar radiations.
Application of machine-learning models to improve the image quality of photon-counting CT images
Authors: Toyoda T. , Sato S. , Kiji H. , Kataoka J. , Kotoku J. , Taki M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in medical diagnostic imaging. However, conventional, energy-integrated CT requires a high radiation dose and can only provide monochromatic images that cannot eliminate various artifacts. In contrast, photon-counting CT (PC-CT) provides low-dose multicolor CT imaging, which enables the identification of multiple contrast agents. However, in the PC-CT system, the lack of photon statistics, which is also caused by image reconstruction in the limited energy band, severely affects the image quality. In this study, we applied three types of machine-learning (ML) techniques to improved the image quality of PC-CT, that is, dictionary learning, U-Net, and Noise2Noise. These ML models were trained using low- and high-dose image pairs created in simple steps. The trained ML models were applied to simulated data, and experimental PC-CT images of contrast agents used in clinical practice. Consequently, in the simulated data, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) value improved from 21.3 for the input to 26.6, 33.3, and 30.1 for dictionary learning, U-Net, and Noise2Noise, respectively. Furthermore, in the actual PC-CT images, we successfully reproduced PC-CT images with high PSNR, which enabled simultaneous imaging of multiple contrast agents with improved accuracy of concentration estimation. As a future perspective, we will develop a processing technique that can be applied to in vivo CT images.
An Overview of Musa paradisiacal Flour-meal Nutritional Prospect for Immune System Improvement against Covid-19 Complications in Diabetes Patients
Authors: Akinola Akinyemi A. , Okeniyi Joshua O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Patients with diabetes coexisting with COVID-19 show a high mortality risk and severe complications for the reason that the COVID-19 disease and the diabetes mellitus health condition combine to induce a lower immune system and consequent organ failure fatalities. While a cure has not yet been found for COVID-19, studies have shown that diets that low glycemic index, fiber-rich diet exhibit beneficial effects on improving health conditions in diabetes patients. In this paper, therefore, the nutritional prospects of Musa paradisiacal (M. paradisiacal: plantain) flour-meal for immune system improvement that could be against COVID-19 complications in diabetes patients have been studied. For this, the study elucidates how the essential nutrients in M. paradisiacal could help boost the immune system in diabetes patients that may be living with and without the COVID-19 virus infection. The detailed prospects of nutritional benefits that could be accrued from Musa paradisiacal, therefore, and the attendant health condition improvements, that could essentially reduce risks of COVID-19 complications support the use of the flour-meal for patients living with diabetes.
Measurements of the optical and thermal properties of the 2D black phosphorus coating
Authors: Listewnik Paulina , Szczerska Małgorzata , Jakóbczyk Paweł 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Black phosphorus is a 2D material, which properties are still being discovered. In this paper, the sensitivity to the temperature of a few-layer black phosphorus coating deposited, on the surface of a microsphere-based fiber-optic sensor, by a dip-coating method is presented. The coating was investigated after 2, 3, and 5 deposition cycles and during temperature growth from 50 °C to 300 °C in an interferometric setup. The intensity of the reflected signal increases with each applied layer. During the investigation of the thermal properties, in the range of 50 °C–200 °C, the polynomial growth rate of the reflected signal can be observed, whereas, for the temperatures over 200 °C, the measured peak intensity of the reflected signal stabilizes at a nearly constant level.
Optical properties of Dy:YCa4O(BO3)3 crystal grown by the Czochralski technique
Authors: Shi Zhangli , Song Qingsong , Liu Jian , Tang Huili , Wang Qingguo , Xue Yanyan , Xu Xiaodong , Xu Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dy3+-doped YCa4O(BO3)3 (Dy:YCOB) crystal was successfully grown by the Czochralski technique. The absorption cross section at 453 nm was 0.28 × 10–21 cm2, that is related to the 6H15/2 → 4I15/2 transition. The Judd-Ofelt parameters Ωt (t = 2, 4, 6) were 1.62 × 10–20, 0.10 × 10–20, 0.41 × 10–20 cm2, respectively. The emission cross section assigned to the transition 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 was 1.02 × 10–21 cm2. The 4F9/2 energy level’s fluorescence lifetime was 900 μs.
A Gallium-doped cement for the treatment of bone cancers. The effect of ZnO ↔ Ga2O3 substitution of an ionomeric glass series on the rheological, mechanical, pH and ion-eluting properties of their corresponding glass polyalkenoate cements
Authors: Phull Sunjeev , Rahimnejad Yazdi Alireza , Towler Mark R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The primary treatment for patients suffering from bone cancers is resection of the tumour followed by reconstruction of the damaged bone. Despite the administration of post-operative chemotherapy, tumour recurrence continues to present itself as a severe complication leading to re-operation. Attempts to incorporate chemotherapeutic drugs into bone cements elicits local toxic effects on healthy bone, which could compromise implant fixation. Alternatively, the local administration of gallium (Ga) may prove to be more effective. This report considers the development of a Ga ionomeric glass series (0.48SiO2-0.355ZnO-0.06CaO-0.08SrO-0.02P2O5-0.005Ta2O5, with 0.01–0.05 mol% substitution for ZnO). X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the amorphous glass structure and Energy Dispersive x-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) verified the successful addition of Ga into the glass series at the expense of Zinc (Zn). A Ga-GPC series was then formulated by mixing the glass particles with aqueous poly(acrylic) acid (PAA) and trisodium citrate (TSC). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrated no structural changes to the GPC matrix with the incorporation of Ga. Measurements of the rheological properties demonstrated an exponential increase in setting time with increasing Ga content. Furthermore, the addition of

≥

3 mol% Ga demonstrated deleterious effects on the GPC’s mechanical properties and an analysis of pH confirmed that it decreased with increasing Ga content, suggesting a reduction in glass reactivity and PAA cross-linking. Finally, inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) demonstrated the controlled release of Ga across the GPC series, which will prove beneficial to future in vitro studies.