bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nrf2 regulates cell motility through RhoA–ROCK1 signalling in non-small-cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Ko Eunsun , Kim Dasom , Min Dong Wha , Kwon Seung-Hae , Lee Ji-Yun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcriptional regulator of several antioxidant and anti-inflammatory enzymes. It binds to its endogenous inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the cytoplasm under normal conditions. Various endogenous or environmental oxidative stresses can disrupt the Nrf2/Keap1 complex, allowing Nrf2 to translocate into the nucleus, where it induces the transcription of various cytoprotective enzymes by binding to antioxidant responsive elements. These enzymes have been reported to play a role in regulating tumour growth, angiogenesis, and chemoprevention. Invasion and migration are the most harmful aspects of cancer; they directly impacts the patients’ survival. Although the roles of Keap1/Nrf2 and their downstream genes in various cancers have been widely documented, their role in regulating cell motility still remains unclear, particularly in cancer cells. We observed that Nrf2 suppression following treatment with brusatol in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with either exogenously introduced Keap1 or siNrf2 resulted in the inhibition of cell migration and invasion, with shrinking cell morphology due to decreased focal adhesions via inhibition of the RhoA–ROCK1 pathway. Nrf2 overexpression showed opposite results. Thus, the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway may affect cell motility by dysregulating the RhoA–ROCK1 signalling pathway in NSCLC.
Self-monitoring of blood glucose in association with glycemic control in newly diagnosed non-insulin-treated diabetes patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sia Hon-Ke , Kor Chew-Teng , Tu Shih-Te , Liao Pei-Yung , Wang Jiun-Yi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe benefits of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) on glycemic control among type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients not receiving insulin remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the association between SMBG and glycemic control in these patients. This retrospective longitudinal study enrolled 4987 eligible patients from a medical center in Taiwan. Data were collected from electronic medical records at 0 (baseline), 3, 6, 9, and 12 (end-point) months after enrollment. Patients were assigned to the early SMBG group or to the non-user group depending on whether they performed SMBG at baseline. Differences in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction between groups at each time-point were assessed using SMBG group-by-time interaction in generalized estimating equations models, which were established using backward elimination method for multivariate regression analysis. Subgroup analyses for patients using non-insulin and insulin secretagogues were performed additionally. The estimated maximal difference in HbA1c reduction between groups (early SMBG users vs. non-users) was 0.55% at 3 months. Subgroup analyses showed maximal differences of 0.61% and 0.52% at 3 months in the non-insulin and insulin secretagogues groups, respectively. SMBG group-by-time interaction was statistically significant at 3 months and lasted for 12 months. The finding suggests that performing SMBG at disease onset was positively associated with better glycemic control in newly diagnosed non-insulin-treated T2DM patients, regardless whether non-insulin secretagogues or insulin secretagogues were used.
Single molecule turnover of fluorescent ATP by myosin and actomyosin unveil elusive enzymatic mechanisms
Authors: Ušaj Marko , Moretto Luisa , Vemula Venukumar , Salhotra Aseem , Månsson Alf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBenefits of single molecule studies of biomolecules include the need for minimal amounts of material and the potential to reveal phenomena hidden in ensembles. However, results from recent single molecule studies of fluorescent ATP turnover by myosin are difficult to reconcile with ensemble studies. We found that key reasons are complexities due to dye photophysics and fluorescent contaminants. After eliminating these, through surface cleaning and use of triple state quenchers and redox agents, the distributions of ATP binding dwell times on myosin are best described by 2 to 3 exponential processes, with and without actin, and with and without the inhibitor para-aminoblebbistatin. Two processes are attributable to ATP turnover by myosin and actomyosin respectively, whereas the remaining process (rate constant 0.2–0.5 s−1) is consistent with non-specific ATP binding to myosin, possibly accelerating ATP transport to the active site. Finally, our study of actin-activated myosin ATP turnover without sliding between actin and myosin reveals heterogeneity in the ATP turnover kinetics consistent with models of isometric contraction.
Hydrolysis of amides to carboxylic acids catalyzed by Nb2O5
Authors: Siddiki S. M. A. Hakim , Rashed Md. Nurnobi , Touchy Abeda Sultana , Jamil Md. A. R. , Jing Yuan , Toyao Takashi , Maeno Zen , Shimizu Ken-ichi 
Published: January 2021

An efficient heterogeneous Nb2O5 catalytic system has been developed for industrially important and challenging amide hydrolysis reaction to carboxylic acid through cleavage of resonance stabilized amidic C–N bond.
Regulating the magnetic dynamics of mononuclear β-diketone Dy(iii) single-molecule magnets through the substitution effect on capping N-donor coligands
Authors: Xi Jing , Ma Xiufang , Cen Peipei , Wu Yuewei , Zhang Yi-Quan , Guo Yan , Yang Jinhui , Chen Lei , Liu Xiangyu 
Published: January 2021

Substituent change modulates the coordination symmetries and magnetic dynamics of five mononuclear β-diketonate-Dy(iii) complexes with capping N-donor coligands, which is studied by the combination of magnetic investigation and ab initio calculation.
A series of porous 3D inorganic–organic hybrid framework crystalline materials based on 5-aminoisophthalic acid for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet
Authors: Xin Yu , Zhou Jun , Xing Yong Heng , Bai Feng Ying , Sun Li Xian 
Published: January 2021

Seven 3D metal-organic frameworks have been designed and synthesized by the hydrothermal synthetic method based on the ligand 5-aminoisophthalic acid. Complexes 1-4 have better photocatalytic degradation properties for dyes CV.
Effects of 22 traditional anti-diabetic medicinal plants on DPP-IV enzyme activity and glucose homeostasis in high-fat fed obese diabetic rats
Authors: Ansari Prawej , Hannon-Fletcher Mary P. , Flatt Peter R. , Abdel-Wahab Yasser H.A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of hot water extracts of 22 medicinal plants used traditionally to treat diabetes on Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity both in vitro and in vivo in high-fat fed (HFF) obese-diabetic rats. Fluorometric assay was employed to determine the DPP-IV activity. For in vivo studies, HFF obese-diabetic rats were fasted for 6 h and blood was sampled at different times before and after the oral administration of the glucose alone (18 mmol/kg body weight) or with either of the four most active plant extracts (250 mg/5 ml/kg, body weight) or established DPP-IV inhibitors (10 μmol/5 ml/kg). DPP-IV inhibitors: sitagliptin, vildagliptin and diprotin A, decreased enzyme activity by a maximum of 95–99% (P&lt;0.001). Among the 22 natural anti-diabetic plants tested, AnogeissusLatifolia exhibited the most significant (P&lt;0.001) inhibitory activity (96 ± 1%) with IC50 and IC25 values of 754 and 590 μg/ml. Maximum inhibitory effects of other extracts: Aegle marmelos, Mangifera indica, Chloropsis cochinchinensis, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Azadirachta indica were (44 ±7%; 38 ± 4%; 31±1%; 28±2%; 27±2%, respectively). A maximum of 45% inhibition was observed with &gt;25 μM concentrations of selected phytochemicals (rutin). A.latifolia, A. marmelos, T. foenum-graecum and M. indica extracts improved glucose tolerance, insulin release, reduced DPP-IV activity and increased circulating active GLP-1 in HFF obese-diabetic rats (P&lt;0.05–0.001). These results suggest that ingestion of selected natural anti-diabetic plants, in particular A. latifolia, A. marmelos, T. foenum-graecum and M. indica can substantially inhibit DPP-IV and improve glucose homeostasis, thereby providing a useful therapeutic approach for the treatment of T2DM.
The Relationship Between Auditory-Perceptual Rating Scales and Objective Voice Measures in Children With Voice Disorders
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine concurrent validity of the Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, and Strain (GRBAS) and Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) auditory-perceptual scales in children with voice disorders. A secondary purpose was to determine correlation between the GRBAS, CAPE-V, and objective voice measures.MethodGRBAS and CAPE-V ratings and acoustic and aerodynamic measures were collected from the University of Wisconsin–Madison Voice and Swallow Outcomes Database. Correlations between CAPE-V and GRBAS ratings were calculated for overall severity of dysphonia, roughness, breathiness, and strain. Correlations between auditory-perceptual voice ratings and objective voice measures were also examined.ResultsOne hundred thirty GRBAS and CAPE-V auditory-perceptual ratings were significantly correlated for overall severity, roughness, breathiness, and strain.r2values were highest for overall severity of dysphonia (r2= .75) and lowest for strain (r2= .54). CAPE-V and GRBAS ratings were largely associated with similar acoustic and aerodynamic measures. The highest correlations were observed for auditory-perceptual ratings of breathiness and jitter% (CAPE-Vr2= .44, GRBASr2= .44), shimmer% (CAPE-Vr2= .45, GRBASr2= .45), noise-to-harmonic ratio (CAPE-Vr2= .42, GRBASr2= .40), fundamental frequency (CAPE-Vr2= .47, GRBASr2= .44), and maximum phonation time (CAPE-Vr2= .56, GRBASr2= .51). Akaike information criterion values indicated that CAPE-V ratings were more strongly correlated with objective voice measures than GRBAS ratings.ConclusionsCAPE-V and GRBAS scales have concurrent validity in children with voice disorders. CAPE-V ratings are more strongly correlated with acoustic and aerodynamic voice measures.
Cognitive Hearing Science: Three Memory Systems, Two Approaches, and the Ease of Language Understanding Model
Authors: Rönnberg Jerker , Holmer Emil , Rudner Mary 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to conceptualize the subtle balancing act between language input and prediction (cognitive priming of future input) to achieve understanding of communicated content. When understanding fails, reconstructive postdiction is initiated. Three memory systems play important roles: working memory (WM), episodic long-term memory (ELTM), and semantic long-term memory (SLTM). The axiom of the Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) model is that explicit WM resources are invoked by a mismatch between language input—in the form of rapid automatic multimodal binding of phonology—and multimodal phonological and lexical representations in SLTM. However, if there is a match between rapid automatic multimodal binding of phonology output and SLTM/ELTM representations, language processing continues rapidly and implicitly.

Method and Results

In our first ELU approach, we focused on experimental manipulations of signal processing in hearing aids and background noise to cause a mismatch with LTM representations; both resulted in increased dependence on WM. Our second—and main approach relevant for this review article—focuses on the relative effects of age-related hearing loss on the three memory systems. According to the ELU, WM is predicted to be frequently occupied with reconstruction of what was actually heard, resulting in a relative
disuse
of phonological/lexical representations in the ELTM and SLTM systems. The prediction and results do not depend on test modality per se but rather on the particular memory system. This will be further discussed.

Conclusions

Related to the literature on ELTM decline as precursors of dementia and the fact that the risk for Alzheimer's disease increases substantially over time due to hearing loss, there is a possibility that lowered ELTM due to hearing loss and
disuse
may be part of the causal chain linking hearing loss and dementia. Future ELU research will focus on this possibility.
Chromospheric and coronal heating and jet acceleration due to reconnection driven by flux cancellation
Authors: Priest E. R. , Syntelis P. 
Published: January 2021

Context.The recent discovery of much greater magnetic flux cancellation taking place at the photosphere than previously realised has led us in our previous works to suggest magnetic reconnection driven by flux cancellation as the cause of a wide range of dynamic phenomena, including jets of various kinds and solar atmospheric heating.Aims.Previously, the theory considered energy release at a two-dimensional current sheet. Here we develop the theory further by extending it to an axisymmetric current sheet in three dimensions without resorting to complex variable theory.Methods.We analytically study reconnection and treat the current sheet as a three-dimensional structure. We apply the theory to the cancellation of two fragments of equal but opposite flux that approach each another and are located in an overlying horizontal magnetic field.Results.The energy release occurs in two phases. During Phase 1, a separator is formed and reconnection is driven at it as it rises to a maximum height and then moves back down to the photosphere, heating the plasma and accelerating a plasma jet as it does so. During Phase 2 the fluxes cancel in the photosphere and accelerate a mixture of cool and hot plasma upwards.
Distinguishing between different mechanisms of FU-Orionis-type luminosity outbursts
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Elbakyan Vardan G. , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Takami Michihiro 
Published: January 2021

Aims. Accretion and luminosity bursts can be triggered by three distinct mechanisms: the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in the inner disk regions, clump infall in gravitationally fragmented disks, and close encounters with an intruder star. We study all three of these burst mechanisms to determine the disk kinematic characteristics that can help to distinguish between them.
Methods. Numerical hydrodynamics simulations in the thin-disk limit were employed to model the bursts in disk environments that are expected for each burst mechanism.
Results. We found that the circumstellar disks featuring accretion bursts can bear kinematic features that are distinct for different burst mechanisms, which can be useful when identifying the origin of a particular burst. The disks in the stellar encounter and clump-infall models are characterized by deviations from the Keplerian rotation of tens of per cent, while the disks in the MRI models are characterized by deviations of only a few per cent, which is mostly caused by the gravitational instability that fuels the MRI bursts. Velocity channel maps also show distinct kinks and wiggles, which are caused by gas disk flows that are particular to each considered burst mechanism. The deviations of velocity channels in the burst-hosting disks from a symmetric pattern typical of Keplerian disks are strongest for the clump-infall and collision models, and carry individual features that may be useful for the identification of the corresponding burst mechanism. The considered burst mechanisms produce a variety of light curves with the burst amplitudes varying in the Δm = 2.5−3.7 limits, except for the clump-infall model where Δm can reach 5.4, although the derived numbers may be affected by a small sample and boundary conditions.
Conclusions. Burst-triggering mechanisms are associated with distinct kinematic features in the burst-hosting disks that may be used for their identification. Further studies including a wider model parameter space and the construction of synthetic disk images in thermal dust and molecular line emission are needed to constrain the mechanisms that lead to FU Orionis bursts.
Combining magneto-hydrostatic constraints with Stokes profiles inversions
Authors: Borrero J. M. , Pastor Yabar A. , Ruiz Cobo B. 
Published: January 2021

Context.Inversion techniques applied to the radiative transfer equation for polarized light are capable of inferring the physical parameters in the solar atmosphere (temperatureT, magnetic fieldB, and line-of-sight velocityvlos) from observations of the Stokes vector (i.e., spectropolarimetric observations) in spectral lines. Inferences are usually performed in the (x, y, τc) domain, whereτcrefers to the optical-depth scale. Generally, their determination in the (x, y, z) volume is not possible due to the lack of a reliable estimation of the gas pressure, particularly in regions of the solar surface harboring strong magnetic fields.Aims.We aim to develop a new inversion code capable of reliably inferring the physical parameters in the (x, y, z) domain.Methods.We combine, in a self-consistent way, an inverse solver for the radiative transfer equation (Firtez-DZ) with a solver for the magneto-hydrostatic equilibrium, which derives realistic values of the gas pressure by taking the magnetic pressure and tension into account.Results.We test the correct behavior of the newly developed code with spectropolarimetric observations of two sunspots recorded with the spectropolarimeter (SP) instrument on board the Hinode spacecraft, and we show how the physical parameters are inferred in the (x, y, z) domain, with the Wilson depression of the sunspots arising as a natural consequence of the force balance. In particular, our approach significantly improves upon previous determinations that were based on semiempirical models.Conclusions.Our results open the door for the possibility of calculating reliable electric currents in three dimensions,j(x, y, z), in the solar photosphere. Further consistency checks would include a comparison with other methods that have recently been proposed and which achieve similar goals.
A SEIRD Model for Control of COVID-19: Case of Azerbaijan
Authors: Aliyeva Tarana , Rzayeva Ulviyya , Azizova Reyhan 
Published: January 2021

Research background:The study uses the key parameters of the spread of the epidemic, dividing the population into several groupsS- susceptible,E- exposed,I- infectious,R- recovered,D- dead. It is found that the model behaves differently depending on theR₀indicator - the average number of people that one infected manages to infect. Measures to suppress the epidemic undertaken by Azerbaijan and their effectiveness have been considered.Purpose of the article:The aim of the article is to model the current dynamics of the disease for future forecasting. The model takes into account all the main parameters of the epidemic: the proportion of severe patients and the mortality rate depending on the age of the patients, the duration of the incubation period and the infectious phase of the disease; incomplete registration of infected people due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic disease and insufficient testing; possible measures to contain and suppress the epidemic and their impact onR₀.Methods:The article uses the linear regression method, which consists in finding estimates of unknown parameters and the formation of a functional relationship between the sickness rate and the factors determining it.Findings & Value added:The constructed model analyzes the growth of patients in the country after removing the restrictive measures taken in early May on the basis of real statistics.
Globalization – a Cause or a Solution for Corona Economic Crisis
Authors: Dobrea Razvan Catalin , Gole Iulian , Rotaru Ciprian 
Published: January 2021

Research background: Since the extension of the Corona virus there are people saying that all this is happening because of globalisation, phenomena that diminished the control of states at the borders, lack of strong internal security rules, loose of political responsibility and decisions, etc. In this paper we investigated the situation from different economical perspectives and we clearly show the existence of positive effects of globalization. We will never know certainly enough at which percentage the current crisis results from a mismatch between the intensity of economic and human exchanges and the inability of public authorities to be prepared and take fast and appropriate decisions. It is well accepted that in a globalized world, interdependence prevails over sovereignty.
Purpose of the article: We will analyse if this reality is really one of the main problems which cause the current disaster. Nevertheless, it would be too easy to blame only the lacks of effective globalization, much complicated is to identify the problem and solve it. Searching if the globalization is the cause or the solution may be interesting since from the political side, we will see a wave of critics and sceptics, many politicians will try to reposition in order to gain visibility and votes.
Methods: Using descriptive and comparative analysis we demonstrate that societies may obtain greater benefits from cooperation, collaboration and integration, even in pandemic times.
Findings & Value added: In a global world, we can see that borders do not protect against a pandemic and that all the major challenges facing humanity can only be solved by multilateral systems and by multilateral negotiation. We clearly demonstrated that global society has greater benefits from cooperation, collaboration and integration.
Current challenges of globalization in the automotive industry in European countries
Authors: Hojdik Vladimír 
Published: January 2021

Research background: Research in this paper is based on analysis of data and documents published by official institutions and relevant studies and papers.
Purpose of the article: This paper assesses how the pandemic situation influenced automotive sector in countries of Europe. It evaluates differences between European countries, in terms of automotive industry operation after COVID-19 crisis. It also outlines global trends and challenges for future industry development.
Methods: In the research, we use mainly general methods, especially analysis, synthesis and comparison. Among the specific methods, we use statistical methods to obtain, process, explain and interpret data.
Findings & Value added: In the findings we present the impact of COVID-19 on automotive industry in European countries. In the end, we present thoughts on globalization challenges for automotive industry, and possible ways for its future development.