bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technological knowledge spaces and the resilience of European regions
Authors: Rocchetta Silvia , Mina Andrea , Lee Changjun , Kogler Dieter F 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRegional knowledge spaces are heterogeneous, and the structure of these knowledge spaces can play a significant role in shaping regional economic performances during economic downturns. This article explores the relationship between a region’s technological profile and its resilience to exogenous shocks. To identify the determinants of regional economic resilience, we perform panel analyses of EU 15 NUTS II level data covering the years before and after the 2008 financial crisis. The most significant results are that, beyond pure diversification effects, regions endowed with technologically coherent capabilities adapted better in times of economic downturn, and that resilience is influenced by a region’s capacity to generate new growth paths. These findings deepen our understanding of the evolution of regional economies and have relevant implications for the design of appropriate regional development policy instruments.
From conquest to co-existence: Burhān al-Dīn al-Marghīnānī’s (d. 593/1197) re-interpretation of jihād
Authors: Soufi Youcef L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Current scholarship on the legal doctrine of jihād presents classical Sunni jurists after the second/eighth century as uniformly championing continual imperial conquest. In this article, I suggest that this sweeping claim for a uniform doctrine neglects what is distinctive in the argumentation of individual juristic thinkers. I trace the genealogy of of Burhān al-Dīn al-Marghīnānī’s (d. 593/1197) theory of jihād in order to show how he radically reinterpreted the doctrine of Ḥanafī school. He introduced the novel approach that jihād need not to be equated with its outward, formal meaning (al-jihād ṣūratan) of military combat. Rather, beyond that outward sense, jihād also had a deeper meaning (al-jihād maʿnan) based on its purpose or function within international relations. For Marghīnānī, part of this function was the preservation of life, freedom, and property. He was thus able to argue that, so long as they secured these ends, peace treaties fulfilled the deeper meaning of jihad. Marghīnānī’s ideas enabled a shift in Ḥanafī thought whereby jurists after him associated jihād with the realization of benefit (maṣlaḥa) for Muslim society. Rather than advocate the obligation of continual conquest, these jurists accepted that decision-making about war and peace should be determined by pragmatic considerations of social interest.
Impacts of Timber Harvest on Communities of Small Mammals, Ticks, and Tick-Borne Pathogens in a High-Risk Landscape in Northern California
Authors: López-Pérez Andres M , Plourde Benjamin , Smith Katie , Rubino Francesca , Pascoe Emily , Smith Olivia , Foley Janet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTimber harvest may impact tick-borne disease by affecting small mammal and tick community structures. We assessed tick and small mammal populations in older second-growth redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl) habitat at two harvested sites in Santa Cruz County, California, where local risk of tick-borne disease is high and determined the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks. After single-tree removal harvest in 2014, there was a modest reduction in canopy, primarily toward the end of the study. Harvested sites showed strong reductions in California mouse (Peromyscus californicus, (Gambel)) captures 2-yr after harvest, resolving such that treatments and controls were comparable by the end of the study. Following harvest, treated sites experienced a transient decreased tick infestation while control plots experienced an increase. Ixodes angustus (Neumann) infestation probability on harvested plots decreased immediately after harvest, increasing with time but remaining lower than control plots, whereas I. pacificus (Cooley and Kohls) prevalence was higher shortly after the harvest on harvested plots, and continued to increase. Mean abundance of ticks on vegetation increased on control plots. We detected Borrelia burgdorferi ((Johnson et al.) Baranton) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum ((Foggie 1949) Dumler) in 3.8 and 3.1% of ticks on rodents, but no differences were associated with harvest. Impacts of forest harvest on tick-borne disease depend on removal practice and intensity, whether or not hosts are habitat specialists, and whether or not ticks are host specialists.
Established Population of the Gulf Coast Tick, Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae), Infected with Rickettsia parkeri (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), in Connecticut
Authors: Molaei Goudarz , Little Eliza A H , Khalil Noelle , Ayres Bryan N , Nicholson William L , Paddock Christopher D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We identified an established population of the Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum Koch) infected with Rickettsia parkeri in Connecticut, representing the northernmost range limit of this medically relevant tick species. Our finding highlights the importance of tick surveillance and public health challenges posed by geographic expansion of tick vectors and their pathogens.
‘Do Like You Did in Aleppo’: Negotiating Space and Place Among Syrian Musicians in Istanbul
Authors: Habash Dunya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The experiences of displaced musicians and the socio-cultural practices connected to them are marginalized in the study of refugee movements—especially new ones like the Syrian refugee crisis—subordinated to explorations of economic and political structures affecting refugee mobility, structural integration into host communities and emergency settings like the refugee camp. Concurrently, explorations of identity, sentiments of belonging and the reimagining of homeland are common theoretical frameworks applied across the literature. I argue that studying the resettlement experience of refugee musicians can offer a fresh perspective on how identity, belonging and homemaking are renegotiated in displacement. I explore this argument through a particular case study of displaced Syrian musicians in Istanbul because of its transformation into a new cultural center for Syrians in Turkey. Through ethnographic fieldwork conducted with Syrian musicians in Istanbul during the summer of 2018, I reflect on how the unique experience of musicians can illuminate various conceptual frameworks related to agency, space and place.
Genetic diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii isolates among Turkish population based on mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA and dihydropteroate synthase gene typing
Authors: Gurbuz Ceren Erguden , Delibas Songul Bayram , Alpaydin Aylin Ozgen , Sayiner Ayca Arzu , Ozkoc Soykan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) is an atypical fungus that can cause severe interstitial pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. In this study, mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA (mtLSU-rRNA) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene polymorphism in P. jirovecii isolates were investigated in Western Turkey's Izmir province and its surroundings. For this purpose, a total of 157 P. jirovecii isolates obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage samples of hospitalized cases and lung tissue samples of autopsy cases who died outside hospital were examined. Genotypes were identified by direct sequencing of mtLSU-rRNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the DHPS gene amplicons. The mtLSU-rRNA analysis revealed that genotype 2 was the most common genotype with 58%. The following genotypes were genotype 3 (13%), genotype 1 (11.6%) and genotype 4 (5.1%), while genotype 5 (0.7%) was detected in only one autopsy case. In addition, 16 (11.6%) cases had dual or triple different genotypes (mixed infection). It was observed that the genotype distribution was not affected by characteristics such as age, gender and immune status. However, the predominance of genotype 2 in solid organ tumors and the predominance of mixed infection in patients with chronic pulmonary disease were statistically significant. On the other hand, DHPS gene amplification was positive in 137 (87.3%) of 157 samples. While no mutation was observed in 135 samples, the association of wild-type and 57th codon mutation was detected in two hospitalized cases (1.5%). In this study, important epidemiological data on the distribution of mtLSU-rRNA genotypes were obtained. Also the existence of DHPS gene mutations associated with potential drug resistance in our community was shown for the first time. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible effects of genotypes on the prognosis of the disease to help with the clinician's treatment decisions.

Lay abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) is an atypical fungus that can cause life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we investigated the mtLSU-rRNA and DHPS gene polymorphisms in P. jirovecii isolates from both hospital and autopsy cases.
A precise asteroseismic age and metallicity for HD 139614: a pre-main-sequence star with a protoplanetary disc in Upper Centaurus–Lupus
Authors: Murphy Simon J , Joyce Meridith , Bedding Timothy R , White Timothy R , Kama Mihkel 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
HD 139614 is known to be a ∼14-Myr-old, possibly pre-main-sequence star in the Sco-Cen OB association in the Upper Centaurus-Lupus subgroup, with a slightly warped circumstellar disc containing ring structures hinting at one or more planets. The star’s chemical abundance pattern is metal-deficient except for volatile elements, which places it in the λ Boo class and suggests it has recently accreted gas-rich but dust-poor material. We identify seven dipole and four radial pulsation modes among its δ Sct pulsations using the TESS light curve and an échelle diagram. Precision modelling with the mesa stellar evolution and gyre stellar oscillation programs confirms it is on the pre-main sequence. Asteroseismic, grid-based modelling suggests an age of 10.75 ± 0.77 Myr, a mass of 1.52 ± 0.02 M ⊙, and a global metal abundance of Z = 0.0100 ± 0.0010. This represents the first asteroseismic determination of the bulk metallicity of a λ Boo star. The precise age and metallicity offer a benchmark for age estimates in Upper Centaurus–Lupus, and for understanding disc retention and planet formation around intermediate-mass stars.
Relativistic Bondi accretion for stiff equations of state
Authors: Richards Chloe B , Baumgarte Thomas W , Shapiro Stuart L 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We revisit Bondi accretion – steady-state, adiabatic, spherical gas flow on to a Schwarzschild black hole at rest in an asymptotically homogeneous medium – for stiff polytropic equations of state (EOSs) with adiabatic indices Γ &gt; 5/3. A general relativistic treatment is required to determine their accretion rates, for which we provide exact expressions. We discuss several qualitative differences between results for soft and stiff EOSs – including the appearance of a minimum steady-state accretion rate for EOSs with Γ ≥ 5/3 – and explore limiting cases in order to examine these differences. As an example, we highlight results for Γ = 2, which is often used in numerical simulations to model the EOS of neutron stars. We also discuss a special case with this index, the ultrarelativistic ‘causal’ EOS, P = ρ. The latter serves as a useful limit for the still undetermined neutron star EOS above nuclear density. The results are useful, for example, to estimate the accretion rate on to a mini-black hole residing at the centre of a neutron star.
A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Pilot, and Feasibility Study of a High Nicotine Strength E-Cigarette Intervention for Smoking Cessation or Reduction for People With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Who Smoke Cigarettes
Authors: Caponnetto Pasquale , DiPiazza Jennifer , Kim Jason , Maglia Marilena , Polosa Riccardo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
An estimated 60%–90% of people with schizophrenia smoke, compared with 15%–24% of the general population, exacerbating the already high morbidity and mortality rates observed in this population.

Aims and Methods
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using a new-generation high strength nicotine e-cigarette to modify smoking behavior in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who smoke cigarettes. A single-arm pilot study was conducted with 40 adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who smoked and did not intend to reduce or quit smoking. Participants were given a 12-week supply of a JUUL e-cigarette loaded with a 5% nicotine pod. The primary outcome was smoking cessation at week 12. Additional outcomes included: smoking reduction, continuous abstinence at week 24, adoption rate, adherence to the e-cigarette, feasibility, acceptability, and subjective effects.

Results
Sixteen (40%) participants quit by the end of 12 weeks. For the whole sample, we observed an overall, sustained 50% reduction in smoking or smoking abstinence in 37/40 (92.5%) of participants and an overall 75% reduction in median cigarettes per day from 25 to six was observed by the end of the 12 weeks (p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
A high strength nicotine e-cigarette has the potential to help people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders to quit or reduce smoking. Further research with a larger sample and a comparator group is needed. The results provide useful information and direction to augment the existing body of knowledge on smoking cessation for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Implications
Considering that most people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders continue smoking, alternative and efficient interventions to reduce or prevent morbidity and mortality are urgently needed. This study showed that adults who smoke and were not motivated to quit, when provided a new-generation e-cigarette with high nicotine content, demonstrated substantially decreased cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects. Although not specifically measured in this study, nicotine absorption in new-generation devices has been shown to be consistently superior compared with the first generation of e-cigarette devices, and this may help explain the lower quit rates in studies using earlier generation devices.
Dysregulated Host Response in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Induced Critical Illness
Authors: Tiwari-Heckler Shilpa , Rauber Conrad , Longhi Maria Serena , Zörnig Inka , Schnitzler Paul , Jäger Dirk , Giese Thomas , Merle Uta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Impaired immune response has been reported to be the cause of the development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related respiratory failure. Further studies are needed to understand the immunopathogenesis and to enable an improved stratification of patients who are at risk for critical illness.

Methods
Thirty-two severely ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were recruited in our center at the University Hospital Heidelberg. We performed a comprehensive analysis of immune phenotype, cytokine, and chemokine profiling and leukocyte transcripts in patients with severe COVID-19 and compared critically ill patients who required mechanical ventilation and high-flow oxygen therapy and noncritically ill patient who received low-flow oxygen therapy.

Results
Critically ill patients exhibited low levels of CD8 T cells and myeloid dendritic cells. We noted a pronounced CCR6+ TH17 phenotype in CD4 central memory cells and elevated circulating levels of interleukin-17 in the critical group. Gene expression of leukocytes derived from critically ill patients was characterized by an upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and reduction of interferon (IFN)-responsive genes upon stimulation with Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist. When correlating clinical improvement and immune kinetics, we found that CD8 T-cell subsets and myeloid dendritic cells significantly increased after disconnection from the ventilator.

Conclusion
Critical illness was characterized by a TH17-mediated response and dysfunctional IFN-associated response, indicating an impaired capacity to mount antiviral responses during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 severe infection.
The formation of the young massive cluster B1 in the Antennae Galaxies (NGC 4038/NGC 4039) triggered by cloud–cloud collision
Authors: Tsuge Kisetsu , Tachihara Kengo , Fukui Yasuo , Sano Hidetoshi , Tokuda Kazuki , Ueda Junko , Iono Daisuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Antennae Galaxies, one of major mergers, are a starburst. Tsuge et al. (2020, PASJ, 73, S35) showed that the five giant molecular complexes in the Antennae Galaxies have signatures of cloud–cloud collisions based on the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) archival data with 60 pc resolution. In the present work we analyzed the new CO data toward the super star cluster (SSC) B1 with 14 pc resolution obtained with ALMA, and confirm that two clouds show a complementary distribution with a displacement of ∼70 pc as well as connecting bridge features between them. The complementary distribution shows a good correspondence with the theoretical collision model (Takahira et al. 2014, ApJ, 792, 63), and the distribution indicates that the formation of SSC B1 with ∼106 M⊙ was consistent with the trigger of cloud–cloud collision on a time scale of ∼1 Myr, which is consistent with the cluster age. It is likely that SSC B1 was formed from molecular gas of ∼107 M⊙ with a star formation efficiency of $\sim\! 10\%$ in 1 Myr. We identify a few places where additional clusters are forming. Detailed gas motion indicates that the stellar feedback in the accelerating gas is not effective, while the ionization plays a role in evacuating the gas around the clusters at a ∼20 pc radius. The results have revealed the details of the parent gas where a cluster having a mass similar to a globular is being formed.
Study of the truncation strategy in the FPGA of a solar radio digital receiver
Authors: Yan Fabao , Liu Yang , Xu Ke , Shang Ziqian , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Lei , Su Yanrui , Lu Guang , Wu Zhao , Chen Yao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractComputation resource is the limiting factor in higher operational accuracy of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) in solar radio digital receivers. The data truncation strategy which determines the accuracy of data is then the essential technology in the design of a receiving system. Based on the solar radio spectrometer (dual channel, 14 bit, 1.25 gigasamples per second) at the Chashan Solar Radio Observatory (CSO), this paper presents a data truncation strategy which can realize real-time solar radio observation (35–40 GHz) with high time and frequency resolution as well as a large dynamic range, and at the same time saves the computation resource to a large extent. Simulations of truncations during signal processing are carried out in MATLAB, and the best truncation mechanisms are deduced for windowing and fast Fourier transform (FFT). Using the simulation results, the best truncation strategies have been implemented in the solar radio receiver at CSO with the result that the best truncation bits for the windowing operation are [27 : 14], with an error of 2.5 × 10−4, and the best truncation bits for the FFT output are [20 : 5] with an error of 1.5 × 10−3. Compared with the processing of full-precision data, occupation of the computation resources in the FPGA can be reduced significantly. For instance, the lookup table, lookup table RAM, flip flop, and digital signal processing slices are reduced by 7.36%, 14.65%, 8.38%, and 24.94%, respectively, which guarantees broad-band real-time solar radio observations (35–40 GHz).
Strategies for advanced personalized tuberculosis diagnosis: Current technologies and clinical approaches
Authors: Chen Xuerong , Hu Tony Y 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Diagnosis of tuberculosis can be difficult as advances in molecular diagnosis approaches (especially nanoparticles combined with high-throughput mass spectrometry for detecting mycobacteria peptide) and personalized medicine result in many changes to the diagnostic framework. This review will address issues concerning novel technologies from bench to bed and new strategies for personalized tuberculosis diagnosis.
Computational molecular docking and virtual screening revealed promising SARS-CoV-2 drugs
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Chen Wanqiu , Xiao Daliao , Wang Charles 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rampaged the world, with more than 58.4 million confirmed cases and over 1.38 million deaths across the world by 23 November 2020. There is an urgent need to identify effective drugs and vaccines to fight against the virus. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the family of coronaviruses consisting of four structural and 16 non-structural proteins (NSP). Three non-structural proteins, main protease (Mpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), are believed to have a crucial role in replication of the virus. We applied computational ligand-receptor binding modeling and performed comprehensive virtual screening on FDA-approved drugs against these three SARS-CoV-2 proteins using AutoDock Vina, Glide, and rDock. Our computational studies identified six novel ligands as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2, including antiemetics rolapitant and ondansetron for Mpro; labetalol and levomefolic acid for PLpro; and leucal and antifungal natamycin for RdRp. Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the stability of the ligand-protein complexes. The results of our analysis with some other suggested drugs indicated that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine had high binding energy (low inhibitory effect) with all three proteins—Mpro, PLpro, and RdRp. In summary, our computational molecular docking approach and virtual screening identified some promising candidate SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors that may be considered for further clinical studies.
Meta-Analyses Support a Taxonomic Model for Representations of Different Categories of Audio-Visual Interaction Events in the Human Brain
Authors: Csonka Matt , Mardmomen Nadia , Webster Paula J , Brefczynski-Lewis Julie A , Frum Chris , Lewis James W 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOur ability to perceive meaningful action events involving objects, people, and other animate agents is characterized in part by an interplay of visual and auditory sensory processing and their cross-modal interactions. However, this multisensory ability can be altered or dysfunctional in some hearing and sighted individuals, and in some clinical populations. The present meta-analysis sought to test current hypotheses regarding neurobiological architectures that may mediate audio-visual multisensory processing. Reported coordinates from 82 neuroimaging studies (137 experiments) that revealed some form of audio-visual interaction in discrete brain regions were compiled, converted to a common coordinate space, and then organized along specific categorical dimensions to generate activation likelihood estimate (ALE) brain maps and various contrasts of those derived maps. The results revealed brain regions (cortical “hubs”) preferentially involved in multisensory processing along different stimulus category dimensions, including 1) living versus nonliving audio-visual events, 2) audio-visual events involving vocalizations versus actions by living sources, 3) emotionally valent events, and 4) dynamic-visual versus static-visual audio-visual stimuli. These meta-analysis results are discussed in the context of neurocomputational theories of semantic knowledge representations and perception, and the brain volumes of interest are available for download to facilitate data interpretation for future neuroimaging studies.