bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Shame and Guilt in the Development of Aggression in Adolescents With and Without Hearing Loss
Authors: Broekhof Evelien , Bos Marieke G. N. , Rieffe Carolien 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis longitudinal study examined how shame and guilt contribute to the development of reactive and proactive aggression in adolescents with and without hearing loss. Adolescents between 9 and 16 years old (adolescents with hearing loss (n = 80; Mage = 11.91) and without hearing loss (n = 227; Mage = 11.63)) completed self-reports on three occasions with an interval of 9 months. Mixed model analyses revealed that both reactive aggression and proactive aggression decreased with age, whereas shame and guilt peaked in early adolescence. Adolescents with hearing loss reported higher levels of proactive aggression, lower levels of shame and guilt, and showed protracted development for guilt compared to their hearing peers. In both groups, shame contributed to an increase in reactive aggression, whereas guilt contributed to a decrease in proactive aggression. These longitudinal associations highlight the unique role that shame and guilt play in the development of adolescent aggression.
OptiDose: Computing the Individualized Optimal Drug Dosing Regimen Using Optimal Control
Authors: Bachmann Freya , Koch Gilbert , Pfister Marc , Szinnai Gabor , Schropp Johannes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProviding the optimal dosing strategy of a drug for an individual patient is an important task in pharmaceutical sciences and daily clinical application. We developed and validated an optimal dosing algorithm (OptiDose) that computes the optimal individualized dosing regimen for pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic models in substantially different scenarios with various routes of administration by solving an optimal control problem. The aim is to compute a control that brings the underlying system as closely as possible to a desired reference function by minimizing a cost functional. In pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling, the controls are the administered doses and the reference function can be the disease progression. Drug administration at certain time points provides a finite number of discrete controls, the drug doses, determining the drug concentration and its effect on the disease progression. Consequently, rewriting the cost functional gives a finite-dimensional optimal control problem depending only on the doses. Adjoint techniques allow to compute the gradient of the cost functional efficiently. This admits to solve the optimal control problem with robust algorithms such as quasi-Newton methods from finite-dimensional optimization. OptiDose is applied to three relevant but substantially different pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic examples.
Protocol-agnostic method for monitoring interactivity time in remote desktop services
Authors: Arellano-Uson Jesus , Magaña Eduardo , Morató Daniel , Izal Mikel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe growing trend of desktop virtualisation has facilitated the reduction of management costs associated with traditional systems and access to services from devices with different capabilities. However, desktop virtualisation requires controlling the interactivity provided by an infrastructure and the quality of experience perceived by users. This paper proposes a methodology for the quantification of interactivity based on the measurement of the time elapsed between user interactions and the associated responses. Measurement error is controlled using a novel mechanism for the detection of screen changes, which can lead to erroneous measurements. Finally, a campus virtual desktop infrastructure and the Amazon WorkSpaces solution are analysed using this proposed methodology. The results demonstrate the importance of the location of virtualisation infrastructure and the types of protocols used by remote desktop services.
German wie-complements
Authors: Umbach Carla , Hinterwimmer Stefan , Gust Helmar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn German, complement clauses embedded by the wh-wordwie(‘how’) have two different readings. The first is a manner reading expressing a manner or method of doing something. The second is calledeventivein this paper because it expresses an event in progress instead of a manner. Ruling out ambiguity ofwie, the question arises of why a manner word is used to express an event in progress. The basic semantic hypothesis in this paper is thatwieexpresses similarity (as it does in, e.g., similes). The paper starts from the observation that in the manner readingwiehas a base position next to the verb and is a modifier of the event type whereas in the eventive reading it is base-generated above VP and thus adds information about the event token. The analysis includes two components: First, manners are considered as sets of similar events (instead of primitive objects), and methods, in particular, are considered as sets of similar sequences of subevents. Secondly, events in progress are seen as initial sequences in sets of similar natural continuations. From this point of view, an event in progress is like a method comprising sequences of subevents that share the same initial part. This analysis provides a semantic interpretation explaining why the wh-wordwieexpresses both the regular manner reading and the eventive reading depending on whether it modifies the event type or the event token.
A review of the mechanical inerter: historical context, physical realisations and nonlinear applications
Authors: Wagg David J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a review of the nonlinear aspects of the mechanical inerter will be presented. The historical context goes back to the development of isolators and absorbers in the first half of the twentieth century. Both mechanical and fluid-based nonlinear inerter devices were developed in the mid- and late twentieth century. However, interest in the inerter really accelerated in the early 2000s following the work of Smith [87], who coined the term ‘inerter’ in the context of a force–current analogy between electrical and mechanical networks. Following the historical context, both fluid and mechanical inerter devices will be reviewed. Then, the application of nonlinear inerter-based isolators and absorbers is discussed. These include different types of nonlinear energy sinks, nonlinear inerter isolators and geometrically nonlinear inerter devices, many relying on concepts such as quasi-zero-stiffness springs. Finally, rocking structures with inerters attached are considered, before conclusions and some future directions for research are presented.
Risk factors associated with Ctenocephalides felis flea infestation of peri-urban goats: a neglected parasite in an under-appreciated host
Authors: Dahm Julia Rose , Bailey Jordana Burdon , Kelly Robert F. , Chikungwa Patrick , Chulu Julius , Junior Livio Costa , Freeman Emily June , Mayer Dagmar , Mazeri Stella , Sargison Neil Donald 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGoats are critical in mixed smallholder agricultural systems in lower and middle-income countries, while fleas are important human and animal health concerns around the world. Convenience sampling was used to describe and consider risk factors for flea infestations of peri-urban goats, with the aim of informing the iterative development of animal husbandry and management based control strategies. Seven hundred and ninety-two goats were examined in 228 households across 10 peri-urban communities surrounding Blantyre in southern Malawi. The prevalence of Ctenocephalides felis fleas was 18.3, 37.1 and 100% at the levels of individual goats, households and communities, respectively, highlighting a neglected human and animal health concern. Constant introduction of new livestock coupled to a lack of biosecurity within communities, the ubiquitous presence of dog and cat hosts for C. felis, the frequency and thoroughness of cleaning overnight goat accommodation, and goat age less than 12 months old were identified as risk factors for flea infestation. This focal cross-sectional study highlights the significance of fleas in peri-urban communities and uncovers trends and commonalities that are needed to inform sustainable disease management. The majority of the peri-urban goat keepers were female, had resided in the same community throughout their whole life and had primary level education. Advice on the planned management of fleas in livestock needs to be tailored towards this demographic group. This approach affords an opportunity to promote public health measures to address household flea infestations and zoonotic disease spread.
Which investors’ characteristics are beneficial for initial coin offerings? Evidence from blockchain technology-based firms
Authors: Hackober Christian , Bock Carolin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInitial coin offerings have recently become one of the most important funding resources for ventures in the blockchain area. However, often ventures do not rely solely on initial coin offerings as funding source but receive also investments from more established investors prior or during their initial coin offering. In particular, blockchain related ventures have drawn the attention of (corporate) venture capitalists but only less is known on the interplay of these different funding sources and their influence on initial coin offerings as well as on ventures’ further development. Based on the signaling theory as well as the resource-based-view our empirical study find that venture capital investors as well as corporate venture capital investors have a significantly positive effect on initial coin offerings. Further, we find that the reputation, the time of treatment as well as the specialization of investors have a positive influence on the initial coin offering. Finally, our results indicate that the positive effect of venture capital investors as well as the specialization of an investor continues to influence blockchain based ventures’ success in the mid-term.
Wearing down the constraints of low magnification tooth microwear analysis: reproducibility and variability of results based on extant ungulates
Authors: Szabó Bence , Virág Attila 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLow magnification dental microwear analysis is a widespread dietary proxy for palaeoenvironmental analyses. The limitations of the method, such as observer bias or variation of microwear scars between different tooth positions, are still not quite understood. This study aims to reveal that reproducibility and variability of low magnification dental microwear is better, than it was previously thought. The main focuses of this study were differences between results produced by independent observers, and individual variability of the wear features on different teeth of the same specimen. To approach these issues, the microwear of 1944 0.4 × 0.4 mm areas on every right molar and premolar (144 teeth of 12 extant ungulate specimens) was quantified. Reproducibility and interobserver error was tested by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients for the scores produced by the observers. The microwear features of each tooth were characterized by the mean, median, standard deviation, range, skewness and kurtosis. These statistical parameters were than compared. To test whether observed differences between the microwear patterns of different tooth positions are significant, ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc tests were performed. To calculate the minimal number of sampling sites required for characterizing a tooth, a computer-assisted bootstrap method was applied. As a result, it can be suggested that the low magnification microwear method is quite robust, with low interobserver error. The variance of microwear scars seems uniform throughout the dentition of the examined specimens. Some differences can be noted between tooth positions, however, some limitations could be lifted, at least in the case of ungulates.
Pronunciation-Enhanced Chinese Word Embedding
Authors: Yang Qinjuan , Xie Haoran , Cheng Gary , Wang Fu Lee , Rao Yanghui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChinese word embeddings have recently garnered considerable attention. Chinese characters and their sub-character components, which contain rich semantic information, are incorporated to learn Chinese word embeddings. Chinese characters can represent a combination of meaning, structure, and pronunciation. However, existing embedding learning methods focus on the structure and meaning of Chinese characters. In this study, we aim to develop an embedding learning method that can make complete use of the information represented by Chinese characters, including phonology, morphology, and semantics. Specifically, we propose a pronunciation-enhanced Chinese word embedding learning method, where the pronunciations of context characters and target characters are simultaneously encoded into the embeddings. Evaluation of word similarity, word analogy reasoning, text classification, and sentiment analysis validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
How do invasive trees impact shrub layer diversity and productivity in temperate forests?
Authors: Dyderski Marcin K. , Jagodziński Andrzej M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
• Key message

Invasive tree species alter taxonomic diversity and functioning of forest shrub layers: Prunus serotina increases shrub layer biomass two to three times but decreases its biodiversity, Robinia pseudoacacia slightly increases shrub layer biomass and has no effect on its biodiversity, while Quercus rubra both biomass and biodiversity of the shrub layer.

• Context

Although the impact of invasive trees on understory biodiversity is known, very little data exist about their influence on shrub layer biodiversity and productivity.

• Aims

To assess impacts of Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus rubra L., and Robinia pseudoacacia L. on shrub layer aboveground biomass, species composition, and alpha diversity.

• Methods

We measured stand structures in a set of 168 study plots established in Wielkopolski National Park (W Poland), and we compared biomass and diversity metrics using generalized mixed-effects linear models.

• Results

We found the lowest aboveground biomass of shrub layers in Q. rubra forests. P. sylvestris forests invaded by P. serotina had two to three times higher aboveground biomass than non-invaded forests. R. pseudoacacia forests had 27.8% higher shrub layer biomass than Quercus-Acer-Tilia forests. We found negative impacts of Q. rubra and negligible impacts of R. pseudoacacia on shrub layer alpha diversity metrics. However, the effect of Q. rubra was similar to native F. sylvatica. P. serotina negatively affected functional diversity, but its effects were lower in rich P. sylvestris forests than in poor P. sylvestris forests.

• Conclusion

The introduction of alien tree species alters ecosystem services and species diversity of shrub layers. The direction and magnitude of these alterations are alien species-specific and context-dependent. Therefore, their management should account for their impacts.
Impact of renal replacement therapies on olfactory ability: results of a cross-sectional case control study
Authors: Iacono Valentina , Lombardi Gianmarco , Ottaviano Giancarlo , Gambaro Giovanni , Zaza Gianluigi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Several studies have suggested that chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be associated with olfactory impairment. However, to date, the impact of renal replacement therapies has only been partly defined.

Methods
We tested the olfactory function of 235 participants [50 kidney transplant recipients (KT), 49 hemodialyzed patients (HD), 30 peritoneal dialysis patients (PD), 51 patients with CKD not on dialysis (ND-CKD) and 55 healthy subjects (HS)] by the Sniffin’ Sticks test (Burghardt®, Wedel, Germany), including the sub-tests for the determination of odor threshold (T), odor discrimination (D), odor identification (I). Each subtest result was then summed up to a composite score, known as the TDI score. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT22), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and olfactory function Visual Analogue Scale (ofVAS) were also performed.

Results
The mean TDI score was significantly lower (and consistent with hyposmia), in HD, PD and ND-CKD compared to HS and KT (ANOVA p < 0.001). Similar results were observed in the I and D tests, and with the T score, though with regard to the latter, only in PD and ND-CKD patients. Multiple comparisons among groups demonstrated no significant differences between KT and HS. After adjustments for confounding factors, a significant linear association was found between both urea (β − 0.03, p < 0.003) and eGFR (β 0.08, p < 0.001) with TDI score. No significant association was observed between the TDI score and the ofVAS score (p = 0.293).

Conclusions
Olfactory impairment affects a large number of CKD patients in the pre-dialysis phase as well as those on dialysis. Kidney transplantation may reverse this condition with a possible positive impact on the quality of life and social behaviors/relationships.

Graphic abstract
Die Cally-App
Authors: Widhalm Kurt , Schöber Victoria , Schmiedl Grischa 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Adipositas im Kindesalter ist ein alarmierendes Problem, welches es unerlässlich macht, effektiv in dessen Prävention zu investieren. Das Eddy-Young-2-Projekt war eine Präventionsstudie, die mit schulbasierten Ernährung- und Bewegungsinterventionen arbeitete. Zusätzlich wurde eine Gesundheits-App entwickelt.

Methodik
Im Schuljahr 2017/18 nahmen 52 Kinder (8–11 Jahre) einmal pro Woche an der Eddy-Intervention teil. Zusätzlich wurde den Kindern die „Cally-App“ vorgestellt, in der sie ein virtuelles Haustier ausgewogen ernähren sollten. Die Benutzung der App blieb freiwillig.

Ergebnisse
Die Benutzungsdauer der App im Schuljahr 2017/18 lag durchschnittlich bei 10,34 Spieltagen (arithmetisches Mittel). Der Median lag bei 4 Tagen.

Conclusio
In den ersten Unterrichtsstunden zeigten die Kinder eine große Begeisterung für die App, jedoch wurde diese, entgegen unseren Erwartungen, im Laufe des gesamten Schuljahres nur wenig benutzt. Um Apps längerfristig bei Kindern einsetzen zu können, sollte überlegt werden, mit einem Belohnungssystem oder mit Gamification-Elementen zu arbeiten.
Embedding autonomy in large-scale IoT ecosystems using CAO and L4G-CAO
Authors: Michailidis Iakovos T. , Kapoutsis Athanasios Ch. , Korkas Christos D. , Michailidis Panagiotis T. , Alexandridou Kyriaki A. , Ravanis Christos , Kosmatopoulos Elias B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, special attention has been paid in developing methodologies and systems for embedding autonomy within smart devices (Things). Moreover, as Things typically operate in an interconnected IoT ecosystem, autonomous operation must be performed in a cooperative fashion so the different Things coordinate their autonomous actions towards meeting high-level objectives and policies. Embedding Things with cooperative autonomy typically requires a tedious and costly effort not only during the original ecosystem deployment but throughout its lifetime. The current study describes CAO (Cognitive Adaptive Optimization)—and its distributed counterpart L4G-CAO (Local for Global Cognitive Adaptive Optimization)—which can overcome this shortcoming. CAO and L4G-CAO—which have recently been introduced and tested in a variety of IoT applications—can embed Things with cooperative autonomy in a plug-n-play fashion, i.e., without requiring the aforementioned tedious and costly effort. Results of the application of the aforementioned approaches in three different application domains (smart homes and districts, intelligent traffic systems and coordinated swarms of robots) are also presented. The presented results demonstrate the potential, of both approaches, to exploit the IoT automation functionalities in order to significantly improve the overall IoT performance without tedious effort.
Measures to Increase Use of Multiple Arterial Grafts for Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Velez Ana K. , Canner Joseph K. , Etchill Eric , Giuliano Katherine , Alejo Diane E. , Choi Chun , Kilic Ahmet , Schena Stefano , Whitman Glenn Joseph Robert , Lawton Jennifer S. 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Use of multiple arterial grafts (MAGs) provides superior patency and long-term survival benefit compared with venous grafts during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, MAGs are used infrequently for CABG. We hypothesized that specific measures introduced at our institution would lead to an increase in the use of MAGs.

STUDY DESIGN:
Use of MAGs before and after introduction of bundled measures was compared. Measures included increased education in arterial graft harvesting, inclusion as a quality metric, and hiring of surgeon champions. Patients younger than 70 years who underwent first time, isolated CABG using at least 1 arterial graft were included. Number and type of grafts used were compared between time periods using chi-square test. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications. Complications were compared between time periods, as well as between MAG and non-MAG recipients before and after propensity score matching using Fisher exact test and univariate logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine patient characteristics associated with MAG use.

RESULTS:
There were 2,169 patients included from 2012 to 2019. MAG use increased significantly after introduction of measures (21.1% to 41.9%; p < 0.001). Radial artery use with an internal mammary artery (0.3% to 16%; p < 0.001) and the use of triple arterial grafts increased significantly (0% to 2.4%; p < 0.001). MAG use in the entire cohort was associated with decreased 30-day mortality and postoperative cardiac arrest that was not significant after propensity matching.

CONCLUSIONS:
A programmatic emphasis on the use of MAGs for CABG is an effective method to increase its use.
Testimonial Smothering and Domestic Violence Disclosure in Clinical Contexts
Authors: Warman Jack 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDomestic violence and abuse (DVA) are at last coming to be recognised as serious global public health problems. Nevertheless, many women with personal histories of DVA decline to disclose them to healthcare practitioners. In the health sciences, recent empirical work has identified many factors that impede DVA disclosure, known as barriers to disclosure. Drawing on recent work in social epistemology on testimonial silencing, we might wonder why so many people withhold their testimony and whether there is some kind of epistemic injustice afoot here. In this paper, I offer some philosophical reflections on DVA disclosure in clinical contexts and the associated barriers to disclosure. I argue that women with personal histories of DVA are vulnerable to a certain form of testimonial injustice in clinical contexts, namely, testimonial smothering, and that this may help to explain why they withhold that testimony. It is my contention that this can help explain the low rates of DVA disclosure by patients to healthcare practitioners.
Immigrant Political Representation and Local Ethnic Concentration: Evidence from a Swedish Refugee Placement Program
Authors: Lindgren Karl-Oskar , Nicholson Michael D. , Oskarsson Sven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study leverages population registry data from Sweden to examine whether immigrants who live in areas with a high concentration of ethnic minorities are more or less likely to be nominated for political office. It exploits a refugee placement program in place in Sweden during the late 1980s and early 1990s that restricted refugees' opportunities to freely choose their place of residence. The article presents evidence that immigrants who live in areas with a high ethnic density are less likely to be nominated for political office. The findings have important implications for local integration policies as well as refugee placement policies, as many countries consider local context when resettling refugees.