bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive Immunity Trial for Our Nation (PassITON): study protocol for a randomized placebo-control clinical trial evaluating COVID-19 convalescent plasma in hospitalized adults
Authors:   For the Passive Immunity Trial for Our Nation (PassITON) Investigators, Self Wesley H. , Stewart Thomas G. , Wheeler Allison P. , El Atrouni Wissam , Bistran-Hall Amanda J. , Casey Jonathan D. , Cataldo Vince D. , Chappell James D. , Cohn Claudia S. , Collins Jessica B. , Denison Mark R. , de Wit Marjolein , Dixon Sheri L. , Duggal Abhijit , Edwards Terri L. , Fontaine Magali J. , Ginde Adit A. , Harkins Michelle S. , Harrington Thelma , Harris Estelle S. , Hoda Daanish , Ipe Tina S. , Jaiswal Stuti J. , Johnson Nicholas J. , Jones Alan E. , Laguio-Vila Maryrose , Lindsell Christopher J. , Mallada Jason , Mammen Manoj J. , Metcalf Ryan A. , Middleton Elizabeth A. , Mucha Simon , O’Neal Hollis R. , Pannu Sonal R. , Pulley Jill M. , Qiao Xian , Raval Jay S. , Rhoads Jillian P. , Schrager Harry , Shanholtz Carl , Shapiro Nathan I. , Schrantz Stephen J. , Thomsen Isaac , Vermillion Krista K. , Bernard Gordon R. , Rice Todd W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Convalescent plasma is being used widely as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma is unclear.

Methods
The Passive Immunity Trial for Our Nation (PassITON) is a multicenter, placebo-controlled, blinded, randomized clinical trial being conducted in the USA to provide high-quality evidence on the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma as a treatment for adults hospitalized with symptomatic disease. Adults hospitalized with COVID-19 with respiratory symptoms for less than 14 days are eligible. Enrolled patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to 1 unit (200–399 mL) of COVID-19 convalescent plasma that has demonstrated neutralizing function using a SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus neutralization assay. Study treatments are administered in a blinded fashion and patients are followed for 28 days. The primary outcome is clinical status 14 days after study treatment as measured on a 7-category ordinal scale assessing mortality, respiratory support, and return to normal activities of daily living. Key secondary outcomes include mortality and oxygen-free days. The trial is projected to enroll 1000 patients and is designed to detect an odds ratio ≤ 0.73 for the primary outcome.

Discussion
This trial will provide the most robust data available to date on the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma for the treatment of adults hospitalized with acute moderate to severe COVID-19. These data will be useful to guide the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the current pandemic and for informing decisions about whether developing a standardized infrastructure for collecting and disseminating convalescent plasma to prepare for future viral pandemics is indicated.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04362176. Registered on 24 April 2020.
Acute effects of different balance exercise types on selected measures of physical fitness in youth female volleyball players
Authors: Hammami Raouf , Chaabene Helmi , Kharrat Fatma , Werfelli Hanen , Duncan Michael , Rebai Haithem , Granacher Urs 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarlier studies have shown that balance training (BT) has the potential to induce performance enhancements in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., balance, muscle strength, power, speed). While there is ample evidence on the long-term effects of BT on components of physical fitness in youth, less is known on the short-term or acute effects of single BT sessions on selected measures of physical fitness.ObjectiveTo examine the acute effects of different balance exercise types on balance, change-of-direction (CoD) speed, and jump performance in youth female volleyball players.MethodsEleven female players aged 14 years participated in this study. Three types of balance exercises (i.e., anterior, posterolateral, rotational type) were conducted in randomized order. For each exercise, 3 sets including 5 repetitions were performed. Before and after the performance of the balance exercises, participants were tested for their static balance (center of pressure surface area [CoP SA] and velocity [CoP V]) on foam and firm surfaces, CoD speed (T-Half test), and vertical jump height (countermovement jump [CMJ] height). A 3 (condition: anterior, mediolateral, rotational balance exercise type) × 2 (time: pre, post) analysis of variance was computed with repeated measures on time.ResultsFindings showed no significant condition × time interactions for all outcome measures (p > 0.05). However, there were small main effects of time for CoP SA on firm and foam surfaces (both d = 0.38; allp < 0.05) with no effect for CoP V on both surface conditions (p > 0.05). For CoD speed, findings showed a large main effect of time (d = 0.91;p < 0.001). However, for CMJ height, no main effect of time was observed (p > 0.05).ConclusionsOverall, our results indicated small-to-large changes in balance and CoD speed performances but not in CMJ height in youth female volleyball players, regardless of the balance exercise type. Accordingly, it is recommended to regularly integrate balance exercises before the performance of sport-specific training to optimize performance development in youth female volleyball players.Trial registrationThis study does not report results related to health care interventions using human participants and therefore it was not prospectively registered.
Effective chemotherapy and targeted therapy supplemented with stereotactic radiotherapy of a patient with metastatic colon cancer following renal transplantation: a case report
Authors: Bellyei Szabolcs , Boronkai Árpád , Pozsgai Eva , Fodor Dávid , Mangel László 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown that patients who underwent renal transplantation were at a greater risk of developing malignancies. Due to advances in effective surgical techniques and immunosuppressive therapies, organ recipients live longer. Yet, there is insufficient information about the recommended type of therapy for colorectal cancer patients following transplantation. We describe the oncological treatment of a patient with renal transplantation, who presented with metastatic colon cancer 5 years after transplantation.

Case presentation
A 66-year-old Caucasian male patient, with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and renal failure underwent successful kidney transplantation in 2013. In April 2018, the adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon was found, and surgical resection was performed. The histological diagnosis was low-grade adenocarcinoma. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scan showed a 2.5-cm metastasis in the VIIth segment of the liver and a metastatic paraaortical lymph node on the left. The clinical diagnosis was, therefore, metastatic (stage IV) sigmoid colon cancer (AJCC TNM system). The ongoing medications of the patient included immunosuppressive drugs and medication for his cardiovascular comorbidities. In July 2018, palliative cetuximab plus folinic acid–fluorouracil–irinotecan chemotherapeutic treatment was initiated, then cetuximab was substituted for panitumumab because of adverse events. In August 2018, the follow-up positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scan revealed stable disease. Because of side effects, the patient was unwilling to continue with the panitumumab plus folinic acid–fluorouracil–irinotecan treatment regimen. Therefore, the patient received 10× 5 Gy stereotactic body irradiation for his liver metastasis and mono-panitumumab therapy. By January 2019, the positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scan showed regression of the liver metastasis but a progression in the paraaortic lymph node. Therefore, 5× 8 Gy stereotactic irradiation was given to the paraaortic lesion. Meanwhile, the patient received altogether 16 cycles of panitumumab until June 2019, when complete remission was attained. In July 2019, the patient suffered a hemorrhagic stroke, probably due to his cardiovascular comorbidities, and died subsequently.

Conclusions
Since information is scarce regarding oncological treatment of patients following organ transplantation, data about their oncological treatment is essential. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe the successful chemotherapy and targeted therapy supplemented with stereotactic radiotherapy of a posttransplant patient with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Research on Sturm–Liouville boundary value problems of fractional p-Laplacian equation
Authors: Xue Tingting , Kong Fanliang , Zhang Long 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work we investigate the following fractionalp-Laplacian differential equation with Sturm–Liouville boundary value conditions:$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} {}_{t}D_{T}^{\alpha } ( { \frac{1}{{{{ ( {h ( t )} )}^{p - 2}}}}{\phi _{p}} ( {h ( t ){}_{0}^{C}D_{t}^{\alpha }u ( t )} )} ) + a ( t ){\phi _{p}} ( {u ( t )} ) = \lambda f (t,u(t) ),\quad \mbox{a.e. }t \in [ {0,T} ], \\ {\alpha _{1}} {\phi _{p}} ( {u ( 0 )} ) - { \alpha _{2}} {}_{t}D_{T}^{\alpha - 1} ( {{\phi _{p}} ( {{}_{0}^{C}D_{t}^{\alpha }u ( 0 )} )} ) = 0, \\ {\beta _{1}} { \phi _{p}} ( {u ( T )} ) + {\beta _{2}} {}_{t}D_{T}^{ \alpha - 1} ( {{\phi _{p}} ( {{}_{0}^{C}D_{t}^{\alpha }u ( T )} )} ) = 0, \end{cases} $${DTαt(1(h(t))p−2ϕp(h(t)0CDtαu(t)))+a(t)ϕp(u(t))=λf(t,u(t)),a.e. t∈[0,T],α1ϕp(u(0))−α2tDTα−1(ϕp(0CDtαu(0)))=0,β1ϕp(u(T))+β2tDTα−1(ϕp(0CDtαu(T)))=0,where${}_{0}^{C}D_{t}^{\alpha }$Dtα0C,${}_{t}D_{T}^{\alpha }$DTαtare the left Caputo and right Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives of order$\alpha \in ( {\frac{1}{2},1} ]$α∈(12,1], respectively. By using variational methods and critical point theory, some new results on the multiplicity of solutions are obtained.
Protists as main indicators and determinants of plant performance
Authors: Guo Sai , Xiong Wu , Hang Xinnan , Gao Zhilei , Jiao Zixuan , Liu Hongjun , Mo Yani , Zhang Nan , Kowalchuk George A. , Li Rong , Shen Qirong , Geisen Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrobiomes play vital roles in plant health and performance, and the development of plant beneficial microbiomes can be steered by organic fertilizer inputs. Especially well-studied are fertilizer-induced changes on bacteria and fungi and how changes in these groups alter plant performance. However, impacts on protist communities, including their trophic interactions within the microbiome and consequences on plant performance remain largely unknown. Here, we tracked the entire microbiome, including bacteria, fungi, and protists, over six growing seasons of cucumber under different fertilization regimes (conventional, organic, andTrichodermabio-organic fertilization) and linked microbial data to plant yield to identify plant growth-promoting microbes.ResultsYields were higher in the (bio-)organic fertilization treatments. Soil abiotic conditions were altered by the fertilization regime, with the prominent effects coming from the (bio-)organic fertilization treatments. Those treatments also led to the pronounced shifts in protistan communities, especially microbivorous cercozoan protists. We found positive correlations of these protists with plant yield and the density of potentially plant-beneficial microorganisms. We further explored the mechanistic ramifications of these relationships via greenhouse experiments, showing that cercozoan protists can positively impact plant growth, potentially via interactions with plant-beneficial microorganisms includingTrichoderma,the biological agent delivered by the bio-fertilizer.ConclusionsWe show that protists may play central roles in stimulating plant performance through microbiome interactions. Future agricultural practices might aim to specifically enhance plant beneficial protists or apply those protists as novel, sustainable biofertilizers.
Control trial of porcine cysticercosis in Uganda using a combination of the TSOL18 vaccination and oxfendazole
Authors: Nsadha Zachary , Rutebarika Chris , Ayebazibwe Chrisostom , Aloys Bukenya , Mwanja M. , Poole E. Jane , Chesang Elizabeth , Colston Angela , Donadeu Meritxell , Lightowlers Marshall W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium when the parasite lodges in the central nervous system, is an important cause of human seizures and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasite is prevalent in many regions of Uganda. Pigs are intermediate hosts for T. solium, and we evaluated a T. solium control program in pigs, involving vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and treatment with oxfendazole.

Methods
The study was conducted in two districts of Eastern Uganda involving the rural village communities of Bukedea (intervention area) and Kumi (control area) during 2016–2017. Seven hundred and thirty-four households were enrolled in the study. Pigs in the intervention area received intramuscular immunizations with TSOL18 (Cysvax™) and an oral medication with 30 mg/kg oxfendazole (Paranthic™) at approximately 3-monthly intervals for 18 months. Porcine cysticercosis was evaluated by post-mortem examination. At the beginning of the study, 111 pigs were examined. In an interim evaluation in the intervention area, 55 pigs were evaluated 12 months after starting the project. At the end of the study approximately 3 months after the final intervention, 55 pigs from the intervention area and 56 pigs from the control area were evaluated.

Results
The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis for the two sites was 16.2% at the beginning of the study (17.2% in the intervention area and 15.1% in the control area) with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.759) between the two study sites. Among the 110 animals assessed from the intervention site (55 at the interim evaluation and 55 at the final evaluation), no pig with viable T. solium cysts was found. There was a statistically significant difference between the prevalence at baseline (17.2%) and at the end of the study (0%) in the intervention area (P = 0.001) and a statistically significant difference between the intervention (0%) and control areas (5.4%) (P = 0.041) at the end of the study.

Conclusions
Three-monthly concurrent vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and medication with oxfendazole eliminated T. solium transmission by the animals involved in the study. Application of vaccination with medication in pigs has the potential to reduce transmission of T. solium in Uganda and other endemic countries.
“Case series: ischemic stroke associated with dehydration and arteriosclerosis in individuals with severe anorexia nervosa”
Authors: Mimura Yu , Shimizu Yusuke , Oi Hiroki , Kurose Shin , Kudo Shun , Takata Taketo , Mimura Masaru , Funayama Michitaka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Numerous reports have indicated that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are at a relatively high risk of developing vascular diseases, including cardiovascular events and venous thromboembolism. However, there have been no previous reports of the development of ischemic stroke during refeeding therapy in patients with severe AN. This report is aimed at reporting the characteristics of an ischemic stroke in patients with AN.

Case presentations
Our study included 29 admissions by independent 19 female patients cases (19 patients), who received thorough medical, neurological, and psychiatric examinations. Two patients were diagnosed as having developed ischemic stroke; the first patient showed multiple infarctions in the brain, while the second showed symptomatic focal infarction. Our findings suggest that dehydration and arteriosclerosis, in association with severe malnutrition, could predispose to the development of ischemic stroke in patients with severe AN.

Conclusions
Development of ischemic stroke in patients with AN might be overlooked. Watching out for neurological signs would help in early diagnosis of ischemic stroke in patients with AN during refeeding. Specific etiology could induce ischemic stroke in patients with AN even if they have no common risk factors of ischemia.
Effect of oral isotretinoin on muscle strength in patients with acne vulgaris: a prospective controlled study
Authors: Mülkoğlu Cevriye , Karaosmanoğlu Nermin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Musculoskeletal side effects related to isotretinoin are frequently reported. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral isotretinoin treatment on muscle strength. Our second aim was to evaluate whether there was a correlation between the serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level, a specific marker of muscle breakdown, and muscle strength.

Methods
This study included 30 patients who presented to our hospital and were started on oral isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris and 30 patients in the control group who were given local treatment. Age, sex, height and weight of the patients were recorded, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The hamstring and quadriceps muscle strengths of the non-dominant side were evaluated in all patients using an isokinetic dynamometer, and the peak torque (PT) values ​​were recorded. In the isotretinoin group, isokinetic measurements were performed again in those that completed six-month drug treatment and compared with the initial PT values.

Results
The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, and BMI (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the isotretinoin and control groups in terms of muscle strength at the beginning of the treatment (p > 0.05). No significant change was observed in hamstring and quadriceps PT values in the isotretinoin group after 6 months of treatment compared to baseline (p > 0.05). No statistically significant correlation was found between the serum CPK level and hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Oral isotretinoin doesn’t alter muscle strength. There is no relationship between the serum CPK levels and muscle strength.
Organ specific responses to first-line lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibodies in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Huang Cheng , Zhu Xiao-Dong , Shen Ying-Hao , Wu Dong , Ji Yuan , Ge Ning-Ling , Chen Ling-Li , Tan Chang-Jun , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Sun Hui-Chuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
We evaluated organ-specific response rates (OSRRs) to first-line lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibodies in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
This retrospective analysis included Chinese patients with unresectable/advanced HCC who received first-line lenvatinib (8 mg/day) plus ≥3 infusions of anti-PD-1 antibodies between October 2018 and May 2020. Tumor and macrovascular tumor thrombi (MVTT) treatment responses were evaluated every 2 months using RECIST v1.1. The overall response rate (ORR)/OSRR was defined as the percentage of patients with a best overall response of complete or partial response (CR or PR).

Results
In total, 60 patients were included in the analysis; 96.7% had measurable intrahepatic lesions, 55% had MVTT and 26.7% had extrahepatic disease. In all 60 patients, the ORR was 33.3%, median progression-free survival was 7.0 months (95% CI, 1.7–12.3) and median overall survival was not reached. The OSRR for MVTT (54.5%) was higher versus intrahepatic tumors (32.8%), extrahepatic lung metastases (37.5%) and lymph node metastases (33.3%). Among 33 patients with intrahepatic tumors and MVTT, 18 had differential responses in each site, including 13 with a better response in MVTT versus intrahepatic lesions. Among 18 patients whose MVTT achieved a radiographic CR or PR, six underwent surgical resection: 4/6 achieved a pathological CR in MVTT and 2/6 in the intrahepatic tumor.

Conclusions
First-line lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibodies resulted in better tumor responses in MVTT versus intrahepatic lesions. Complete MVTT necrosis may allow downstaging and subsequent eligibility for surgical resection in a proportion of patients with advanced HCC.
Statistics of the early synthetic dye industry
Authors: Hagan Eric , Poulin Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
From the invention of Perkin’s Mauve in 1856, to publication of the first edition of the Colour Index in 1924, more than 1200 synthetic organic colourants were introduced. Some achieved commercial success, while others were rarely used for reasons such as high cost, low fastness, and toxicity. This turbulent period of innovation was largely driven by demand of the textile industry; however, synthetic colourants were subsequently adopted in many other applications. An understanding of the most common materials and their properties is therefore important to the study of heritage collections and their preservation. The risk of light damage during exhibition of objects is often a concern due to the fugitive nature of many synthetic colourants.
To provide a foundation for focused research on synthetic dye identification and lightfastness, work was carried out to identify the most prominent of these colourants used in North America up to the year 1924 when the first edition of the Colour Index was published. Information was compiled and analysed from several sources including multiple editions of the Colour Index, and government documents related to the manufacture and trade of synthetic dyes that provide data from 1914 onwards. Cross-referencing between the information sources provided a summary of parameters for each colourant including the date of introduction, number of manufacturers, lightfastness, and quantity produced or imported in the United States.
A document published in 1916 by the US Department of Commerce listed 259 colours with Schultz number imported during the 1913–1914 fiscal year, in quantities above 10,000 lb (4536 kg). Adding domestic products to the list, and removing duplicates, gave 289 individual colours with Schultz number imported and/or produced in the US. In addition, there were some imports of unknown composition: 96 azo, 23 sulphur, and 68 unclassified. Further review of census data from 1917 through the 1920’s suggested that less than one quarter of the dyes listed in the Colour Index were imported or manufactured in significant amounts. The results of this analysis are presented as summary statistics, which are complemented by an open dataset publication to facilitate future research.