bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Effect of Infra-Low-Frequency Neurofeedback Training on Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Authors: Schneider Horst , Riederle Jennifer , Seuss Sigrid 
Published: June 2021

In this observational study the outcomes of an EEG-based infra-low-frequency (ILF) neurofeedback intervention on patients with attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (ADHD) are presented. The question is addressed whether this computer-aided treatment, which uses a brain-computer-interface to alleviate the clinical symptoms of mental disorders, is an effective non-pharmaceutical therapy for ADHD in childhood and adolescence. In a period of about 15 weeks 196 ADHD patients were treated with about 30 sessions of ILF neurofeedback in an ambulant setting. Besides regular evaluation of the severity of clinical symptoms, a continuous performance test (CPT) for parameters of attention and impulse control was conducted before and after the neurofeedback treatment. During and after the therapy, the patients did not only experience a substantial reduction in the severity of their ADHD-typical clinical symptoms, but also their performance in a continuous test procedure was significantly improved for all examined parameters of attention and impulse control, like response time, variability of reaction time, omission errors and commission errors. In a post neurofeedback intervention assessment 97% of patients reported improvement in symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity or impulsivity. Only 3% of the patients claimed no noticeable alleviation of ADHD-related symptoms. These results suggest that ILF neurofeedback is a clinically effective method that can be considered as a treatment option for ADHD and might help reducing or even avoiding psychotropic medication.
ALIGNING NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE AND DIETARY HABITS OF GENERATION Z-IS THERE A ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT?
Authors: Halasi Szabolcs , Djordjević Miljana , Kiss Ferenc , Šoronja-Simović Dragana , Maravić Nikola , Horvat Olga , Šaranović Žana 
Published: June 2021

The potential association between determinants such as nutrition knowledge and dietary habits with obesity development among adolescents of generation Z (Zoomers) was investigated in the presented study. Data regarding meals consumption frequency, snack choice and familiarity with amounts of basic food nutrients in diet were gathered throughout a self-designed questionnaire from 854 adolescents (11‒18 years) attending elementary and secondary schools in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The corresponding data was analysed and discussed primarily concerning BMI-for-age, and subsequently, gender and educational stage. The association between BMI categories and examined determinants was tested using chi-square and multinomial logistic regression statistics. Although most of the surveyed adolescents had normal weight (72.1%), a notable share of overweight adolescents was also detected (17.9%). Additionally, observed irregularities in breakfast and dinner consumption frequencies and participants’ modest nutrition knowledge can contribute to further diet deterioration. Statistically significant but weak associations between BMI-for-age and choice of snack, dinner consumption frequency, as well as the frequency of salty snack and fast food consumption, were noted. Furthermore, an increase in nutrition knowledge was inversely associated with obesity prevalence (OR 6.56, 95% CI 1.388‒31.037).
As an outcome, the need for improvement regarding studied determinants especially nutrition knowledge is established and represents a task to achieve through health promotion strategies among generation Z.
Re-thinking Neutrality Through Emotional Labour: The (In)visible Work of Conference Interpreters
Authors: Ayan Irem 
Published: June 2021

Relying upon a combination of ethnomethodological and sociological tools provided by Hochschild’s (2003 [1983]) theory of emotional labour, this article examines the concept of the interpreter’s neutrality as a form of feeling management at work which requires interpreters to align their behaviours with the norms shaping each interpreting setting. Drawing on the interviews conducted between March and August 2018 with twenty-one interpreters working in various social, cultural, and institutional settings, the study describes the interpreter’s emotional labour in the context of conference interpreting, and argues that the interpreter’s actual task of becoming the voice of the speaker intrinsically involves emotional labour. Achieving neutrality entails suppressing personal beliefs and displaying certain emotions which may not always be genuine in some contexts, and tending to the needs of clients in others. The conceptual framework of emotional labour offers an important analytical tool to re-visit theoretically and empirically not only the notion of the interpreter’s neutrality from a critical perspective, but also the incoherence of professional codes of practice, which oftentimes leaves interpreters in a practical and ethical quandary.
Chemistry of enzymatic browning in longan fruit as a function of pericarp pH and dehydration and its prevention by essential oil, an alternative approach to SO2 fumigation
Authors: Khan Muhammad Rafiullah , Huang Chongxing , Durrani Yasser , Muhammad Ali 
Published: June 2021

Background
Longan fruit is a rich source of bioactive compounds; however, enzymatic browning of pericarp and microbial decay have limited its postharvest life. SO2 has widely been used to overcome these limitations; however, due to safety and regulatory concerns, alternative means should be identified. In this study, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of thymol (TH) essential oil were investigated against the enzymatic browning and decay of longan fruit.

Methods
Fruits were coated with TH (4%) for 5 min, sealed in polyethylene (PE) packages and stored at 4 °C for 42 d. Fruits immersed in distilled water (DW) and stored in PE were used as control.

Results
TH extended the postharvest life of longan to 42 d than 28 d in DW. TH residues decreased from 142 to 11.17 mg kg–1, while no residues were found at day 42. TH significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the respiration rate, inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activities, sustained high phenols/flavonoids and prevented pericarp browning (BI) than DW. TH also effectively (P ≤ 0.05) maintained the color values, firmness of peel and aril, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), inhibited decay incidence (DI) and resulted in lower ethanol content than DW. BI as a function of pericarp pH was highly correlated; pH and BI (r = 0. 97), with PPO (r = 0.93) and with water loss (r = 0.99). A high coefficient of correlation of BI was found with the pericarp pH, enzymes, phenolic, water loss and decay incidence with ethanol. TH could be the best alternative to SO2 and other synthetic preservatives.
Wnt signaling related transcripts and their relationship to energy metabolism in C2C12 myoblasts under temperature stress
Authors: Risha Marua Abu , Ali Asghar , Siengdee Puntita , Trakooljul Nares , Haack Fiete , Dannenberger Dirk , Wimmers Klaus , Ponsuksili Siriluck 
Published: June 2021

Temperature stress is one of the main environmental stressors affecting the welfare, health and productivity of livestock. Temperature changes can modify cell membrane components, disrupting the crosstalk between the cell and its surroundings by affecting signaling pathways including Wnt signaling pathway, which subsequently disrupts cell energy metabolism. The present study aims to understand the effect of temperature stress on the expression of genes involved in Wnt signaling pathways, and their interaction with energy metabolism in C2C12 myoblasts cells. The C2C12 cells were exposed to cold stress (35 °C), mild heat stress (39 °C) and severe heat stress (41 °C), whereas 37 °C was used as control temperature. Transcript levels of important genes involved in Wnt signaling including Axin2, Tnks2, Sfrp1, Dkk1, Dact1, Cby1, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, Wnt11, Porcn, Ror2, Daam1, and Ppp3ca were significantly altered under severe heat stress (41 °C), whereas eight Wnt signaling-related transcripts (Daam1, Ppp3ca, Fzd7, Wnt5a, Porcn, Tnks2, Lrp6, and Aes) were significantly altered under cold stress (35 °C) compared to control. Under heat stress transcripts of the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors (Sfrp1, Dkk1, and Cby1) and negative regulators (Dact1 and Axin2) are activated. A positive correlation between oxidative phosphorylation and Wnt-related transcripts was found under high temperatures. Transcripts of the cell membrane receptors, including Lrp6 and Fzd7, and the members of Wnt/Ca+2 signaling pathway, including Ppp3ca and Porcn were downregulated under cold stress. Many Wnt signaling-related transcripts were positively correlated with glycolysis under cold stress. These findings indicate a cross-talk between Wnt signaling and energy metabolism under thermal stress.
Suppressed mixed lymphocyte reaction in couples with intrauterine growth retardation pregnancies
Authors: Tsushima R. , Fujii T. , Nakamura A. , Okai T. , Juji T. , Taketani Y. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to gain insight into the pathogenesis of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Method: Immune reactivity against paternal MHC class‐II antigens was determined in 18 women with IUGR pregnancies and 18 normal pregnant women, employing one‐way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Results: One‐way MLR between the women with IUGR pregnancies and their husbands was significantly suppressed compared with that between the women with IUGR pregnancies and males unrelated to them. However the MLR of normal pregnant women was essentially similar regardless of whether stimulating cells were obtained from their husbands or not. The degree of HLA class‐II antigen shared by IUGR couples was not related to the degree of specific suppression of MLR towards the husbands. Conclusion: IUGR may be associated with specifically suppressed patients' MLR towards their husbands, which may provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology of IUGR.
Transcervical flexible endoscopy for first trimester embryonic/fetal evaluation
Authors: Yin C.‐S. , Liu J.‐Y. , Yu M.‐H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of flexible embryofetoscopy for visualization of the first trimester human embryo and fetus. Method: Twelve pregnant women scheduled for legal termination of pregnancy at 6–12 weeks' gestation were included in the study. A flexible fiber optic endoscope with an eyepiece connected to a monitor was used. The sterile endoscope was passed transcervically under ultrasound guidance through the chorion into the chorionic cavity. Embryos/fetuses were observed directly through the intact amniotic membrane. Result: Successful embryofetoscopies with clear visualization of the embryo or fetus were accomplished in 50% of cases. There were no procedure‐related complications. Conclusion: Preliminary experience employing transcervical flexible embryofetoscopy for direct visualization of the first trimester human embryo and fetus suggest that this technique may be used for the early identification of congenital anomalies suspected by ultrasound and is expected to offer opportunities for embryo/fetal tissue sampling as well as for gene and cell therapies.
The effects of long‐term hormone‐replacement therapy on coagulation, fibrinolysis and inhibitors in postmenopausal women
Authors: Koh S.C.L , Dramusic V , Shan Ratnam S 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To study the long‐term effects of hormone‐replacement therapy (HRT). Methods: Twenty‐one menopausal Chinese women who were currently on HRT were studied for the long‐term effects of HRT on hemostasis. Another 21 age‐matched healthy women not on HRT served as controls. Results: Enhanced thrombin generation was seen in women on long‐term HRT. Antithrombin III (ATIII) antigen was significantly reduced but not its activity level and so was FVII. Elevated t‐PA activity and u‐PA antigen were seen with reduced t‐PA antigen. Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) levels were significantly reduced together with d‐dimer in HRT. Conclusions: Long‐term HRT was associated with enhanced thrombin generation and countered by enhanced systemic t‐PA activity suggesting an equilibrium state. There was no enhanced cardiovascular risk in long‐term HRT as indicated by the observed reduction in t‐PA antigen, PAI‐1 and FVII levels. However, a larger prospective study is required to confirm these findings.
In vitro 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopic evidence of multiple aberrant biochemical pathways in murine trisomy 16 brain development
Authors: Yao Faith S. , Caserta Maria T. , Wyrwicz Alice M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate cytosolic compounds and membrane phospholipids simultaneously in trisomy 16 (Ts16) and euploid (control) murine brain at fetal day 15 in order to examine the cellular biochemistry that underlies the neurodevelopmental consequences of chromosome triplication in this model of Down syndrome (DS). Proton NMR spectroscopic analysis of brain tissue extracts demonstrated decreased levels of choline and increased levels of myo‐inositol (MI) in Ts16 brains compared with control. These data are consistent with the cholinergic deficits and elevated MI levels previously described in Ts16. Compared with euploid brains, Ts16 brains also possess higher levels of creatine, adenosine, and tyrosine. Increased levels of MI and creatine, compounds that are localized to glia, imply abnormalities in the trophic environment of Ts16 brain. Phosphorus NMR spectroscopic analysis of extracts further revealed elevated levels of anionic phospholipid membrane components, such as phosphatidylinositol (PtdIno) and phosphatidylethanolamine, in Ts16 brains. Since these compounds are confined to the inner leaflet of the membrane, the findings suggest that membrane composition is altered specifically in the cytosolic bilayer at this stage. Together our proton and phosphorus NMR spectroscopic results indicate that multiple biochemical pathways are affected in Ts16 brain development. Understanding the effects of these aberrations may elucidate the processes that lead to neural dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in DS individuals.
Further evidence for supporting cell conversion in the damaged avian basilar papilla
Authors: Adler Henry J. , Komeda Mototane , Raphael Yehoash 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTwo lines of evidence suggested that a process other than supporting cell divisions may give rise to new hair cells in the bird inner ear injured by either noise or ototoxic drugs. This process, supporting cell conversion, occurs when non‐dividing supporting cells transdifferentiate into hair cells. First, noise‐exposed chicks received zero, one or two daily i.p. injections of cytosine arabinoside (a DNA synthesis blocker), as well as two daily intraperitoneal injections of bromodeoxyuridine, for four days. Following sacrifice, the papillae were processed for bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry. All the ears demonstrated dividing cells, but increasing the number of cytosine arabinoside injections decreased the number of labeled cells. Indeed, two cytosine arabinoside injections per day nearly completely blocked supporting cell divisions in the short hair cell region within the sound‐induced lesion. This suggested that unpaired, immature cells observed in a similar region with scanning electron microscopy, despite the presence of cytosine arabinoside, may have been products of supporting cell conversion. In the second experiment, birds were treated with gentamicin for three days. Upon sacrifice at 6 days post‐treatment, papillae were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Several unusual cells were observed with phenotypic features of both hair cells and supporting cells. The peculiar cells may be in a transition from the supporting cell phenotype to that of a hair cell.
Ontogeny of cholinergic amacrine cells in the opossum (Didelphis aurita) retina
Authors: Camargo De Moura Campos Lenira , Hokoç Jan Nora 
Published: July 2002

AbstractImmunocytochemistry for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the synthesizing enzyme for acetylcholine, was used to determine the onset and to follow the maturation of the cholinergic cells in the retina of a marsupial, the South American opossum (Didelphis aurita). ChAT‐immunoreactivity was first detected in amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer by postnatal day 15 (P15) and in the inner nuclear layer by P35. Much later, at P50 a second sub‐population of ChAT‐immunoreactive cell bodies was evident in the inner nuclear layer. Processes from ChAT‐immunoreactive amacrine cells were detected in the two bands of the inner plexiform layer before synaptogenesis. In the adult retina, these two bands correspond to sublamina 2 and 4 of the inner plexiform layer. In flat whole‐mounted preparations, cholinergic cell density was 263±13 cells/mm2 in the ganglion cell layer and it was estimated a total of 24,000 cholinergic neurons. ChAT‐immunoreactive somata showed a random pattern of distribution.
Molecular Genetics of Mental Disorders with Particular Reference to Affective Disorders
Authors: Souery D , Lipp O , Mahieu B , Mendlewicz J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe present article reviews the recent molecular genetic findings in affective disorders. Results of linkage and association studies are discussed in regard to the main limitations of these approaches in psychiatric disorders. On the whole, linkage and association studies contributed to the localisation of some potential vulnerability genes for Bipolar affective disorder on chromosomes 18, 5, 11, 4, 21 and X. The hypothesis of anticipation in affective disorders is also considered in light of interesting results with trinucleotide repeat mutations.
Rethinking marital enmeshment: distinguishing intrusiveness from closeness-caregiving among French couples
Authors: Fanjoux-Cohen L , Mouly-Bandini A , Werner PD , Green R-J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAuthors recently have suggested that family enrneshment is not synonymous with high levels of closeness or cohesion. A model proposed by Green and Werner clarifies the cohesion-enmeshment domain by distinguishing between closeness-caregiving and intrusiveness as separate relationship processes. This paper examines the cross-cultural applicability of this perspective through a study of 61 married couples in France. The French version of the California Inventory for Family Assessment (CIFA), a self-report measure designed to assess clinically relevant marital dimensions, was employed. In general, spouses' reports of their marital process demonstrated high internal consistency reliabilities. Factor analysis showed meaningful factor structures distinguishing closeness-caregiving and intrusiveness, as predicted, as well as openness of communication. Significant correlations were obtained between CIFA scales and scores on the Marital Adjustment Test. These results are similar for French and American couples. Research implications for studying relationships among French-speaking couples are underlined.
Psychometric properties of the French version of the Composite Scale of Morningness in adults
Authors: Caci H. , Nadalet L. , Staccini P. , Myquel M. , Boyer P. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe objective of this study was to provide a reliable instrument to measure morningness for upcoming studies in French samples, using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), which has been translated into French. Nursing students (n = 356) completed the questionnaire between February and March 1997. The total score obtained was independent of age and gender, and normally distributed. The reliability was high (Cronbach's α = 0.85), and factorial analysis confirmed the unidimensionality of the scale. Evening-type subjects are thought to score under 31, and morning-type subjects are thought to score above 44. As an external validation, morningness was associated, on weekdays and weekends, with early rising times and bedtimes and early peak times of physical and mental performance. In conclusion, we found that the English and the French versions of the Composite Scale of Morningness gave identical results. The scale is reliable and can be used for French-speaking adult samples. Nevertheless, normative data and other external validity criteria are needed.
Tissue‐Engineered Vascular Grafts: Emerging Trends and Technologies
Authors: Gupta Prerak , Mandal Biman B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVascular tissue engineering has made prodigious progress in recent years by converging multidisciplinary approaches. Latest technological advancements foster the development of next‐generation tissue‐engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) for treating various vasculopathies. While traditional therapeutic methods rely on bypassing the severely damaged vessels with synthetic counterparts with no growth potential, contemporary perspectives focus on biodegradable conduits bestowing an inherent remodeling capability. This review highlights emerging innovative trends and technologies adopted to pragmatically fulfill current scientific needs while improving overall TEVG performance in pre‐clinical and clinical settings. A comprehensive overview of various milestones achieved in the past few decades is first summarized, followed by an appraisal of the significant hurdles for clinical translation. The latest techniques to rationally address critical challenges, viz., intimal hyperplasia, thrombosis, constructive graft remodeling, and adequate neo‐tissue formation are discussed. Finally, an update on ongoing clinical trials is provided and future perspectives required to persuade TEVGs to become a clinical reality are delineated.
Doping Indium Oxide Films with Amino‐Polymers of Varying Nitrogen Content Markedly Affects Charge Transport and Mechanical Flexibility
Authors: Wang Zhi , Zhuang Xinming , Wang Binghao , Huang Wei , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere, correlations between polymer structure and charge transport in solution‐processed indium oxide, In2O3:polymer blend flexible thin film transistors (TFTs) are investigated using four polymers having electron‐donating amine functionalities (polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly(allylamine), polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEIE), and PVP‐NH2 (PVP; poly(4‐vinylphenol)), and two PEI‐PEIE mixtures) with varied atomic amine nitrogen content (N%) of 12.6, 9.1, 6.9, 2.6, respectively. These amino‐polymers influence the semiconducting oxide film TFT electron mobilities via a delicate interplay of electron transfer/doping, charge generation/trap‐filling, film morphological/microstructural variations, which depend on the polymer structure, thermal stability, and N%, as well as the polymer content of the In2O3 precursor and the carbon residue content in In2O3. Thus, increasing the N% from 0.0% in the control PVP to 12.6% in PEI increases the electron doping capacity, the polymer content of the blend formulation, and the blend TFT field‐effect mobility. Optimal polymer incorporation invariably enhances charge transport by as much as ≈2×, leading to a maximum carrier mobility of 8.47 ± 0.73 cm2 V−1 s−1 on rigid Si/SiOx substrates and a remarkable 31.24 ± 0.41 cm2 V−1 s−1 on mechanically flexible polyimide/Au/F:AlOx substrates with Al contacts. Furthermore, all of the polymers equally enhance the mechanical durability of the corresponding In2O3:polymer blend TFTs with respect to mechanical stress.