bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study of Midline Cutaneous Lesions in Neonates and its Association with Spinal Dysraphism Detected Using Ultrasound
Authors: Resmi M. R. , Thappa Devinder Mohan , Chandrashekar Laxmisha , Plakkal Nishad , Ramesh A. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Spinal dysraphism occurs due to incomplete fusion of the midline mesenchymal, bony, or neural elements of the spine. The defects in the spinal cord can be associated with skin lesion since both have same embryonic origin.

Aims and Objectives:
This study was conducted to determine the association of midline and paramedian cutaneous lesions with spinal dysraphism by using spinal ultrasonography.

Materials and Methods:
Two thousand apparently healthy neonates were screened in the postnatal ward of a tertiary care center in South India. Those neonates with cutaneous lesions in the midline and paramedian region were screened for evidence of spinal dysraphism by using spinal ultrasonography.

Results:
Among 2000 neonates, 120 (6%) had at least one cutaneous lesion, of which 114 (5.7%) were in the midline and 6 (0.3%) were on the paramedian region of dorsal and ventral aspect of the body. Among these neonates, two cases had more than one skin lesions. The most common cutaneous lesion observed was typical dimple (82, 68%) followed by hypertrichosis (12, 10%). Ultrasonography revealed spinal anomaly in six (5%) of them. The cutaneous lesions associated with spinal dysraphism were obvious midline swelling, dermal sinus, and multiple skin lesions.

Conclusion:
Congenital midline and paramedian skin lesions may be the marker of spinal dysraphism. In the presence of such cutaneous lesions, only 5% of them had associated spinal anomaly in our study.
Pilates for Rehabilitation
Authors: Wood Samantha 
Published: May 2021

Your clients and athletes demand and deserve customized, adaptable solutions when injury or chronic pain impairs movement and performance. Known for its whole-body approach to fitness, Pilates is the perfect way to help your patients recover, rehabilitate, and reach their goals.
With Pilates for Rehabilitation, you will learn how to apply proven Pilates methods to address dysfunction and help your patients achieve optimal performance. Renowned instructor and physical therapist Samantha Wood provides detailed descriptions of the most effective exercises for rehabilitating and healing injuries, improving functional strength, promoting efficient movement, and managing pain.
In addition to step-by-step instructions for Pilates apparatus and mat work, you will learn the indications and contraindications of each exercise and the primary muscles involved so you can determine when the exercise is appropriate for each client. Modifications and progressions allow for adaptation of exercises based on the stage of rehabilitation or the severity of the injury or condition being treated. Suggested exercise protocols, organized by common orthopedic injuries in anatomical regions, offer the flexibility to tailor a program to the specific needs of each client.
Authoritative yet accessible, Pilates for Rehabilitation paves the road to recovery. Recommended by BASI Pilates and full of the latest research, proven exercises, and expert advice, this is the ultimate rehabilitation guide.
Modelling of long-term Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb dynamics from soils fertilised with organic amendments
Authors: Cagnarini Claudia , Lofts Stephen , D'Acqui Luigi Paolo , Mayer Jochen , Grüter Roman , Tandy Susan , Schulin Rainer , Costerousse Benjamin , Orlandini Simone , Renella Giancarlo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Soil contamination by trace elements (TEs) is a major concern for
sustainable land management. A potential source of excessive inputs of TEs
into agricultural soils are organic amendments. Here, we used dynamic
simulations carried out with the Intermediate Dynamic Model for Metals
(IDMM) to describe the observed trends of topsoil Zn (zinc), Cu (copper), Pb (lead) and Cd (cadmium)
concentrations in a long-term (>60-year) crop trial in
Switzerland, where soil plots have been treated with different organic
amendments (farmyard manure, sewage sludge and compost). The observed ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA)-extractable concentrations ranged between 2.6 and 27.1 mg kg−1 for Zn, 4.9 and 29.0 mg kg−1 for Cu, 6.1–26.2 mg kg−1 for Pb,
and 0.08 and 0.66 mg kg−1 for Cd. Metal input rates were initially
estimated based on literature data. An additional, calibrated metal flux,
tentatively attributed to mineral weathering, was necessary to fit the
observed data. Dissolved organic carbon fluxes were estimated using a soil
organic carbon model. The model adequately reproduced the EDTA-extractable
(labile) concentrations when input rates were optimised and soil lateral
mixing was invoked to account for the edge effect of mechanically ploughing
the trial plots. The global average root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.7, and the average bias
(overestimation) was −1.66, −2.18, −4.34 and −0.05 mg kg−1 for Zn, Cu,
Pb and Cd, respectively. The calibrated model was used to project the long-term metal trends in field conditions (without soil lateral mixing), under
stable climate and management practices, with soil organic carbon estimated
by modelling and assumed trends in soil pH. Labile metal concentrations to
2100 were largely projected to remain near constant or to decline, except
for some metals in plots receiving compost. Ecotoxicological thresholds
(critical limits) were predicted to be exceeded presently under sewage
sludge inputs and to remain so until 2100. Ecological risks were largely not
indicated in the other plots, although some minor exceedances of critical
limits were projected to occur for Zn before 2100. This study advances our understanding of TEs' long-term dynamics in agricultural fields, paving the way to quantitative applications of modelling at field scales.
Propiedades psicométricas del inventario de crecimiento postraumático en población mexicana [Psichometric properties of te post-traumatic growth inventory in mexican population]
Authors: Quezada-Berumen Lucía , González-Ramírez Mónica Teresa 
Published: May 2021

ResumenA pesar de que el inventario de crecimiento postraumático (PTGI) es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para evaluar los cambios positivos después de un trauma, su estructura factorial no ha sido consistente en las validaciones hechas al español. Actualmente, no se cuenta con evidencia del estudio de sus propiedades psicométricas en población mexicana, por lo que el propósito de este estudio fue contrastar la estructura factorial del PTGI y describir el perfil promedio de crecimiento postraumático en una muestra mexicana. Participaron 446 personas con edades de 18 a 77 años víctimas de distintos eventos traumáticos. Los resultados indicaron una solución unifactorial, la cual mostró adecuada bondad de ajuste y confiabilidad excelente (α = .94). De acuerdo al perfil de los participantes, se identificó un cambio promedio en el crecimiento, no encontrándose diferencias entre mujeres y hombres. El PTGI-MX se considera un instrumento con buenas propiedades psicométricas para evaluar el crecimiento después de un evento traumático en población mexicana.AbstractAlthough the post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI) is a widely used instrument to assess positive changes after trauma, its factor structure has not been consistent in the validations made in Spanish. Currently, there is no evi­dence of the study of its psychometric properties in Mexi­can population, so the purpose of this study was to contrast the factor structure of the PTGI and describe the average profile of post-traumatic growth in a Mexican sample. The sample consisted in 446 people aged 18 to 77 years, vic­tims of different traumatic events. The results showed a unifactorial solution, which showed adequate goodness of fit and excellent reliability (α = .94). A moderate change in growth was identified, being equivalent according to sex. The PTGI-M is considered an instrument with good psychometric properties to evaluate growth after a trau­matic event in Mexican population.
Assessing the Influence of Reversed Items and Force-Choice on the Work and Meaning Inventory [Evaluación de la influencia de los ítems invertidos y de elección forzosa en el Inventario de trabajo significativo]
Authors: Leonardo Maria da Glória Lima , Pereira Michelle Morelo , Valentini Felipe , Freitas Clarissa Pinto Pizarro de , Steger Michael F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResponse biases are issues in inventories in positive organizational psychology. The study aims to control the response bias in the assessment of meaning of work through two methods: reversed key items and forced-choice format. The sample consisted of 351 professionals; women constituted 60.0 % of the sample. The participants answered two versions of the instrument for meaning of work: Likert-type items and forced-choice. For both versions, the unifactorial model was the most appropriate for the data available. The results indicate that the random intercepts model fit the Likert data (CFI = .92), as well as the forced-choice model (CFI = .97). Besides, the latent dimension of the forced-choice version did not correlate with acquiescence index (r < .08; p > .05), and approximately 20 % of the variance of the items might be due to the method (Likert or forced-choice). The present study illustrates the importance of response bias control in self-report instruments. ResumenLos sesgos de respuesta son problemas en los inventarios de la psicología organizacional positiva. El estudio tiene como objetivo controlar el sesgo de respuesta en la eva­luación del trabajo significativo a través de dos métodos: ítems clave invertidos y formato de elección forzosa. La muestra estuvo formada por 351 profesionales; las muje­res constituyeron el 60.0 % de la muestra. Los participan­tes respondieron dos versiones del instrumento de signifi­cado del trabajo: ítems tipo Likert y elección forzosa. Para ambas versiones, el modelo unifactorial fue el más apro­piado para los datos disponibles. Los resultados indican que el modelo de intersecciones aleatorias se ajusta a los datos Likert (CFI = .92), así como al modelo de elección forzada (CFI = .97). Además, la dimensión latente de la versión de elección forzada no se correlacionó con el ín­dice de aquiescencia (r < .08; p > .05), y aproximada­mente el 20 % de la varianza de los ítems podría deberse al método (Likert o forzado). elección). El presente estu­dio ilustra la importancia del control del sesgo de res­puesta en los instrumentos de autoinforme.
La evaluación de los obstáculos a la investigación por parte de estudiantes universitarios: construcción de una escala [The Assessment of Obstacles to Research by College Students: Building a Scale]
Authors: Criollo Marco , Recio Patricia 
Published: May 2021

ResumenRealizar investigaciones científicas resulta complejo para algunos estudiantes universitarios. Por este motivo se planteó como objetivo crear una escala que mida los obstáculos para investigar. Participaron 650 estudiantes que estaban realizando sus Trabajos Finales de Grado en la Universidad Técnica de Machala-Ecuador. Se desarrolló un grupo inicial de 32 ítems basados en literatura previa. Basándonos en los resultados de la validación de contenido se eliminaron siete ítems. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC) revelan que los ítems se estructuran en un modelo bifactorial de 24 ítems. En cuanto a la fiabilidad, la escala mostró un alfa de Cronbach y un coeficiente Omega de 0.92 indicando una alta consistencia interna. Se concluye que la escala presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para medir los obstáculos para investigar en los estudiantes universitarios. AbstractConducting scientific research is complex for some university students. For this reason, the objective was to create a scale that measures the obstacles to investigate. 650 students who were doing their Final Degree Works at the Universidad Técnica de Machala-Ecuador participated. An initial group of 32 items was developed based on previous literature. Based on the results of the content validation, 7 items were eliminated. The results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) reveal that the items are structured in a bifactorial model of 24 items. Regarding reliability, the scale showed a Cronbach's alpha and an Omega coefficient of 0.92, indicating high internal consistency. It is concluded that the scale presents adequate psychometric properties to measure the obstacles to investigate in university students
Veteran adherence to oral versus injectable AUD medication treatment
Authors: Stewart Hayden , Mitchell Brian G. , Ayanga Daniel , Walder Annette 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
AUD medication treatment has been shown to improve outcomes compared with placebo when confined to per-protocol analysis. The same outcomes, however, have not always been maintained in intent-to-treat analysis, thus suggesting adherence may have a significant impact on efficacy outcomes. There is conflicting evidence present in the literature comparing adherence to oral versus injectable AUD pharmacotherapy and a paucity of information in the veteran population on risk factors for low adherence.

Methods
The primary end point of this retrospective chart review was to determine whether adherence rates differ between oral and injectable AUD treatments in veterans during the first year of treatment (at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months) using the portion of days covered model. Secondary end points were to determine differing characteristics between patients with high versus low adherence and compare alcohol-related readmission rates and discontinuation rates between groups.

Results
Adherence to injectable extended-release (XR) naltrexone was significantly higher than oral naltrexone at all time points and was significantly higher than disulfiram at 3, 6, and 9 months, but it was not significantly different from acamprosate at any time point. At months 9 and 12, acamprosate had significantly higher adherence compared with oral naltrexone. Patients with higher adherence were seen more frequently in the mental health clinic and had previously tried more AUD medications. The discontinuation rates and alcohol-related admission rates were not significantly different between groups at 1 year.

Discussion
XR naltrexone may improve adherence rates compared with oral naltrexone or disulfiram, but not acamprosate based on these outcomes. Patients may have increased adherence if they are seen more often in clinic and have trialed more AUD medications.
Mice lacking endogenous TRPV1 express reduced levels of thermogenic proteins and are susceptible to diet‐induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Baskaran Padmamalini , Nazminia Kara , Frantz Justine , O’Neal Jessica , Thyagarajan Baskaran 
Published: May 2021

Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) is a non‐selective cation channel protein expressed in neuronal and non‐neuronal cells. Although TRPV1 is implicated in thermogenesis and diet‐induced obesity (DIO), its precise role remains controversial. TRPV1−/− mice are protected from DIO, while TRPV1 activation enhances thermogenesis to prevent obesity. To reconcile this, we fed wild‐type and TRPV1−/− mice for 32 weeks with normal chow or a high‐fat diet and analyzed the weight gain, metabolic activities, and thermogenic protein expression in white and brown fats. TRPV1−/− mice became obese, exhibited reduced locomotor activity, reduced energy expenditure, enhanced hepatic steatosis, and decreased thermogenic protein expression in adipose tissues. Our data reveal that lack of TRPV1 does not prevent obesity, but rather enhances metabolic dysfunction.
Selection of lactic acid bacteria from native grass silage and its effects as inoculant on silage fermentation
Authors: You Sihan , Du Shuai , Ge Gentu , Wan Tao , Jia Yushan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify wild lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from native grass silage on the Inner Mongolian Plateau, and the effects of wild LAB strains on the nutritive and fermentation characteristics of sorghum–sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L. × S. sudanense L.) silage were also investigated. These isolates were evaluated using morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests. Three isolated strains were Gram‐positive, homofermentative, catalase‐negative, not produce gas from glucose, and rod‐shaped. These strains could grow normally at pH 3.5–8.0, 15–30 ˚C and NaCl 3 and 6.5%. They were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum group by sequencing 16S rRNA. Compared to uninoculated silage, all LAB‐inoculated silages significantly (P < .05) increased lactic acid (LA) content and ratios of lactic acid/acetic acid (LA/AA), while, reduced pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N). Among all the isolated LAB strains, XM2 showed the highest (P < .05) crude protein (CP), LA, ratio of LA/AA and LAB, lowest (P < .05) pH, AA, propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), NH3–N than the other isolated LAB strains. Strain XM2 is a potential starter culture for sorghum–sudangrass hybrid silage.
Investigations on New Electrolyte Composition and Modified Membrane for High Voltage Zinc−Manganese Hybrid Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Naresh Raghu pandiyan , Mariyappan K. , Dixon Ditty , Ulaganathan M. , Ragupathy P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, the effect of electrolyte composition and the pore filled membrane was investigated in zinc−manganese (Zn−Mn) hybrid redox flow battery (HRFB). Among the studied electrolytes compositions, sulfate‐based electrolyte composition exhibits an improved performance at various conditions. Further, to minimize the ion crossover, the Daramic membrane is modified using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a pore filling agent. Hence, the flow cell fabricated with the optimized electrolyte and modified membrane enhanced the overall cell performance, particularly the energy efficiency of 75.45 % was achieved for the optimized conditions. As configured Zn−Mn flow cell system showed high avg. discharge plateau of 1.91 V at 10 mA cm−2. Further, the cell employed the modified membrane experienced the highly improved performance up to 40 mA cm−2. Besides that, the durability of the Zn−Mn system employing PAN filled Daramic membrane revealed the consistent cell performance over 100 galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) cycles. Thus, the proposed sulfate‐based precursors electrolyte combinations and PAN filled Daramic membrane can be considered as a proficient candidate for obtaining better performance Zn−Mn flow cell system.
Decreasing trends in thyroid cancer incidence in South Korea: What happened in South Korea?
Authors: Oh Chang‐Mo , Lim Jiwon , Jung Yuh Seog , Kim Yeol , Jung Kyu‐Won , Hong Seri , Won Young‐Joo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSouth Korea has the highest incidence of thyroid cancer in the world. Our study examined the trends in thyroid cancer incidence by the histologic type, cancer stage, and age group and explored possible factors that affected thyroid cancer trends.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive epidemiological study using the national cancer registry data and cause of death data from 1999 to 2016 in South Korea. Age‐standardized rates were calculated using Segi's world standard population. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to determine the changing point of thyroid cancer trends according to histologic type; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) summary stage; and age groups by sex.ResultsThe age‐standardized incidence of thyroid cancer in both men and women increased from 6.3 per 100,000 people in 1999 to 63.4 per 100,000 in 2012 but declined from 2012 to 2016, before the debates for over diagnosis of thyroid cancer began in 2014. The age‐standardized mortality rate of thyroid cancer, incidence of distant thyroid cancer, and incidence of regional and localized thyroid cancer started to decline since early 2000, 2010, and 2012, respectively. In addition, thyroid cancer prevalence in thyroid nodules showed decreasing trends from 1999–2000 to 2013–2014.ConclusionsThe incidence of thyroid cancer began declining from 2012, before the debates for over diagnosis of thyroid cancer began in 2014. Changes in guidelines for thyroid nodule examinations may have affected this inflection point. Moreover, the debates for over diagnosis of thyroid cancer may have accelerated the decline in thyroid cancer.
Functional characteristics and structural properties of soybean protein isolate–maltose conjugates
Authors: Bu Guanhao , Ren Mengke , Zuo Yingxin , Zhao Chenyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesGlycation is a natural and green modification method and can be used to improve the functional properties of proteins. In this study, the effects of reaction conditions on structural characteristics and functional properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) conjugated with maltose (M) were investigated.FindingsWhen the mass ratio of protein and maltose was 1:2 and reaction temperature was 60°C, the degree of grafting of SPI‐M conjugates was highest and the degree of browning was moderate. The solubility of SPI‐M conjugates increased by 48.5%; after 60 hr of reaction, and the emulsification activity index and the emulsion stability index of SPI‐M conjugates increased by 79.4% and 102%, respectively. SDS‐PAGE and FT‐IR indicated that the introduction of maltose led to changes in the spatial structure of the SPI. The in vitro pancreatic digestibility of SPI‐M conjugates also was improved.ConclusionThe solubility, emulsification, and the in vitro digestibility of SPI‐M conjugates were improved. The spatial structure of SPI was changed after glycation.Significance and noveltyThe results showed that glycation can improve the functional properties of SPI and provide a theoretical basis for the development of new soybean protein products.
Reconstruction of Copper Nanoparticles at Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction Conditions Occurs via Two‐step Dissolution/Redeposition Mechanism
Authors: Popovic Stefan , Bele Marjan , Hodnik Nejc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCopper is still the monometallic electrocatalyst of choice for electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ERC) when added‐value products, such as hydrocarbons and alcohols, are desired. However, severe morphological and structural changes are observed upon exposure to the ERC operation conditions. One of the pending questions in the community is what the mechanism behind this reconstruction is. In the present study, pulse‐electrodeposited copper nanoparticles were exposed to different ERC relevant reductive potentials and tracked with identical location scanning electron microscopy (IL‐SEM). This approach provides information on the morphological and structural history and subsequent change of Cu nanoparticles and with that a deep insight into the reconstruction events. With this evidence, we could interpret the observed structural changes as two separate electrochemical processes occurring one after another, namely copper dissolution from pre‐oxidized native nanoparticles and subsequent (electro‐) redeposition of the dissolved copper species in a form of new smaller Cu fragments.
Kinetic Data for Continuous Processes from Liquid‐Liquid Loop Reactor Experiments
Authors: Rütti David P. , Moser Marlies , Georg Alain G. , Spier Eyal S. , Meier Daniel M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProcess engineering is based on models, which are preferably established at laboratory scale under near‐service conditions. Here, for the first time, a kinetic study of the basic hydrolysis of ethyl acetate was performed with a small volume liquid‐liquid loop reactor satisfying these criteria. The activation energy and pre‐exponential factor were determined that agreed with data from the literature. Acquired data could be successfully transferred to well‐established ideal reactor models such as continuous stirred tank or plug flow reactors. It was, thus, possible to show that a simply scalable loop reactor, requiring only small amounts of substrate and producing minimum waste, can serve as a tool for kinetic studies of continuous processes.