bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of Microalgae in Bioremediation of Wastewater
Authors: Ahmad Imran , Abdullah Norhayati , Koji I. , Yuzir A. , Mohamad S.E. 
Published: May 2021

The increase in global pollution, industrialization and fast economic progress are considered to inflict serious consequences to the quality and availability of water throughout the world. Wastewater is generated from three major sources, i.e. industrial, agricultural, and municipal which contain pollutants, such as: xenobiotics, microplastics, heavy metals and augmented by high amount of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen compounds. Wastewater treatment is one of the most pressing issues since it cannot be achieved by any specific technology because of the varying nature and concentrations of pollutants and efficiency of the treatment technologies. The degradation capacity of these conventional treatment technologies is limited, especially regarding heavy metals, nutrients, and xenobiotics, steering the researchers to bioremediation using microalgae (Phycoremediation). Bioremediation can be defined as use of microalgae for removal or biotransformation of pollutants and CO2 from wastewater with concomitant biomass production. However, the usage of wastewaters for the bulk cultivation of microalgae is advantageous for reducing carbon, nutrients cost, minimizing the consumption of freshwater, nitrogen, phosphorus recovery, and removal of other pollutants from wastewater and producing sufficient biomass for value addition for either biofuels or other value-added compounds. Several types of microalgae like Chlorella and Dunaliella have proved their applicability in the treatment of wastewaters. The bottlenecks concerning the microalgal wastewater bioremediation need to be identified and elucidated to proceed in bioremediation using microalgae. This objective of this paper is to provide an insight about the treatment of different wastewaters using microalgae and microalgal potential in the treatment of wastewaters containing heavy metals and emerging contaminants, with the specialized cultivation systems. This review also summarizes the end use applications of microalgal biomass which makes the bioremediation aspect more environmentally sustainable. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
An analysis on urban shrinkage trends of all Japanese cities by detecting relative densely inhabited districts – Changes in urban form of Japanese cities in an era of shrinking population, part 2
Authors: Kawabe Akihiro , Watanabe Shun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo analyze the method of urban shrinkage in Japan, a densely inhabited district (DID) has been applied in some previous studies as an index of urban areas or city centers. The problem with this method is that shrinkage in cities where no DID exists cannot be analyzed. Therefore, a relative threshold for urban areas or city centers is required. In this study, we propose a method for detecting a relative densely inhabited district (RDID) improved by information loss minimization. Furthermore, we identified the urban shrinkage or structural changes in Japanese cities using RDIDs and analyzed the changing trends from the years 1995–2015.
Single‐Crystalline Silicon Frameworks: A New Platform for Transparent Flexible Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Bing‐Chang , Shi Yi‐Hao , Mao Jie , Huang Si‐Yi , Shao Zhi‐Bin , Zheng Cai‐Jun , Jie Jian‐Sheng , Zhang Xiao‐Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSingle‐crystalline silicon (sc‐Si) is the dominant semiconductor material for the modern electronics industry. Despite their excellent photoelectric and electronic properties, the rigidity, brittleness, and nontransparency of commonly used silicon wafers limit their application in transparent flexible optoelectronics. In this study, a new type of Si microstructure, named single‐crystalline Si frameworks (sc‐SiFs), is developed, through a combination of wet‐etching and microfabrication technologies. The sc‐SiFs are self‐supported, flexible, lightweight, tailorable, and highly transparent. They can withstand a small bending radius of less than 0.5 mm and have a transparency of up to 96% in all wavelength ranges, owing to the hollowed‐out framework structures. Thus, the sc‐SiFs provide a new platform for high‐performance transparent flexible optoelectronics. Taking transparent flexible photodetectors (TFPDs) as an example, substrate‐free and self‐driven TFPDs are achieved based on the sc‐SiFs. The devices exhibit superior performance compared to other reported TFPDs and reveal the great potential for integrated optoelectronic applications. The development of sc‐SiFs paves the way toward the fabrication of high‐performance transparent flexible devices for a host of applications, including e‐skins, the Internet of Things, transparent flexible displays, and artificial visual cortexes.
Exceptional Cocatalyst‐Free Photo‐Enhanced Piezocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Carbon Nitride Nanosheets from Strong In‐Plane Polarization
Authors: Hu Cheng , Chen Fang , Wang Yonggang , Tian Na , Ma Tianyi , Zhang Yihe , Huang Hongwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUtilizing mechanical energy to produce hydrogen is emerging as a promising way to generate renewable energy, but is challenged by low efficiency and scanty cognition. In this work, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) with an atomically thin sheet‐like structure is applied for prominent piezocatalytic and photo‐enhanced piezocatalytic H2 production. It is revealed that the anomalous piezoelectricity in g‐C3N4 originates from the strong in‐plane polarization along the a‐axis, contributed by the superimposed polar tri‐s‐triazine units and flexoelectric effect derived from the structured triangular cavities, which provides powerful electrochemical driving force for the water reduction reaction. Furthermore, the photo‐enhanced charge transfer enables g‐C3N4 nanosheets to reserve more energized polarization charges to fully participate in the reaction at the surface reactive sites enriched by strain‐induced carbon vacancies. Without any cocatalysts, an exceptional photo‐piezocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 12.16 mmol g−1 h−1 is delivered by the g‐C3N4 nanosheets, far exceeding that of previously reported piezocatalysts and g‐C3N4 photocatalysts. Further, high pure‐water‐splitting performance with production of the value‐added oxidation product H2O2 via photo‐piezocatalysis is also disclosed. This work not only exposes the potential of g‐C3N4 as a piezo‐semiconductor for catalytic H2 evolution, but also breaks a new ground for the conversion of solar and mechanical energy by photomediated piezocatalytic reaction.
An Amphiphilic (salen)Co Complex – Utilizing Hydrophobic Interactions to Enhance the Efficiency of a Cooperative Catalyst
Authors: Solís‐Muñana Pablo , Salam Joanne , Ren Chloe Z.‐J. , Carr Bronte , Whitten Andrew E. , Warr Gregory G. , Chen Jack L.‐Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn amphiphilic (salen)Co(III) complex is presented that accelerates the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of epoxides almost 10 times faster than catalysts from commercially available sources. This was achieved by introducing hydrophobic chains that increase the rate of reaction in one of two ways – by enhancing cooperativity under homogeneous conditions, and increasing the interfacial area under biphasic reaction conditions. While numerous strategies have been employed to increase the efficiency of cooperative catalysts, the utilization of hydrophobic interactions is scarce. With the recent upsurge in green chemistry methods that conduct reactions ‘on water’ and at the oil‐water interface, the introduction of hydrophobic interactions has potential to become a general strategy for enhancing the catalytic efficiency of cooperative catalytic systems.magnified image
Apparent nitrogen limitation of Robusta coffee yields in young agroforestry systems
Authors: Chavez Eduardo , Wade Jordon , Miernicki Elizabeth A. , Torres Malena , Stanek Erik C. , Subía Cristian , Caicedo Carlos , Tinoco Leider , Margenot Andrew J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRobusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) is an important cash crop in the lowland tropics. Similar to Arabica (C. arabica L.), agroforestry is common in these systems, though comparatively little is known about how nutrient inputs and leguminous shade trees influence Robusta nutritional status and yield. We evaluated how shading with leguminous trees across four input systems, defined largely by quantity and form (compost vs. synthetic) of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), influenced Robusta‐based cropping systems in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Soil fertility was largely unaffected by compost and synthetic fertilizer (NPK) inputs or by shade species, and was weakly related to coffee productivity based on principal component analysis (PCA). Though litter appeared to be an agronomically appreciable source of N and P, this was only somewhat reflected in soil extractable N and P, presumably due to nutrient losses under high rainfall conditions (>3,000 mm yr−1). Patterns of variation suggest transfer of N and P from litter to soil to leaf. Conversely, litter K was unrelated to soil K, but soil K was closely related to leaf K. Robusta yields appeared to be largely N limited and were more influenced by input type (i.e., synthetic vs. organic nutrient sources) than by shade species or amount of N inputs in the form of compost or synthetic N, P, and K fertilizers. Additionally, yields across all treatments were significantly higher than regional averages, suggesting that slight investments in inputs can substantially increase productivity in maturing Robusta systems, irrespective of shade tree species selection.
Activity‐based smart AIEgens for detection, bioimaging, and therapeutics: Recent progress and outlook
Authors: Li Haidong , Kim Heejeong , Han Jingjing , Nguyen Van‐Nghia , Peng Xiaojun , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractActivity‐based approaches for designing AIEgens possess prominent advantages including high selectivity, sensitivity, and signal‐to‐noise ratio, and they have received more attention in recent years. Excellent activatable AIE probes have been reported for detecting toxic substances, imaging intracellular active molecules/biomolecules, as well as monitoring the activity of overexpressed enzymes in cancers. Moreover, the majority of activatable theranostic AIEgens can be specifically triggered in cancer cells and can kill these cells under light irradiation, while they have no distinct effect on normal cells, demonstrating satisfactory therapeutic selectivity that is superior to that of traditional chemotherapy. Thus, in this review, we systematically summarized the development of activatable AIE bioprobes in recent years from molecular design principles to biological applications. The challenges of activatable AIE probes and the corresponding solutions are described. We hope that the information provided in this review will facilitate the design of more activatable AIE probes to promote practical application of corresponding AIEgens.
Unexpected difficult tracheal intubation secondary to subglottic stenosis leading to emergency front‐of‐neck airway
Authors: Ellis H. , Iliff H. A. , Lahloub F. M. F. , Smith D. R. K. , Rees G. J. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryA 26‐year‐old woman presenting for an elective day case procedure under general anaesthesia had undiagnosed subglottic stenosis leading to a life threatening airway emergency requiring emergency front‐of‐neck airway. We outline the case and discuss key anaesthetic considerations in subglottic stenosis, including concerning features of a medical/anaesthetic history and the potential for rapid deterioration of a stenotic airway following manipulation. We also consider the effect of anaesthesia on the calibre of subglottic stenosis and the effects of positive pressure ventilation. Subglottic stenosis is a rare condition with congenital, acquired and idiopathic origins; however, iatrogenic trauma is the most common cause. We are aware of a small number of published case reports of previously undiagnosed subglottic stenosis in adults discovered after induction of anaesthesia; situational deterioration to ‘cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate’ scenarios appear even rarer.
Simultaneously improved solid particle erosion resistant and strength of graphene nanoplates/carbon nanotube enhanced thermoplastic polyurethane films
Authors: Ma Yuji , Fang Mei , Huang Ming , Zhang Na , Lu Bo , Yang Peipei , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUp to now, it is a major challenge to protect leading edge of the blades from solid particle erosion. Herein, we propose a structure optimization strategy to fabricate non‐woven (NW) enhanced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite films (thermoplastic polyurethane [TPU]‐NW@G/Cx) with “sandwich‐like” structure by hot pressing technology. TPU NW/graphene nanoplates/carbon nanotube (NW@G/Cx) interlayer film were first fabricated by spraying method. Then the interlayer film was laminated between TPU films to fabricate nanocomposite films. Such prepared TPU‐NW@G/Cx film shows excellent solid particle erosion resistance and high‐tensile strength. For example, the “steel‐and‐mortar” structure of NW fabric in TPU film results in high‐tensile strength of 45 MPa and storage modulus of 21.2 MPa for TPU‐NW@G/C1.0, increasing by 25% and 171% compared with original TPU film (35 MPa, 8 MPa), respectively. In addition, compared with pure TPU film, the “sandwich‐like” structure endows TPU‐NW@G/C1.2 with excellent solid particle erosion resistance and the thermal conductivity (0.251 W/m·K). These superior properties extends application of the TPU‐NW@G/Cx film on wind turbine blades.
Growth factor mimetics for skin regeneration: In vitro profiling of primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes
Authors: Horinouchi Cintia D. S. , Oostendorp Corien , Schade Dennis , van Kuppevelt Toin H. , Daamen Willeke F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSmall molecules have gained considerable interest in regenerative medicine, as they can effectively modulate cell fates in a spatiotemporal controllable fashion. A continuous challenge in the field represents genuine mimicry or activation of growth factor signaling with small molecules. Here, we selected and profiled three compounds for their capacity to directly or indirectly activate endogenous FGF‐2, VEGF, or SHH signaling events in the context of skin regeneration. Phenotypic and functional analysis of primary skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes revealed unique, cell‐specific activity profiles for the FGF‐2 mimetic SUN11602 and the putative VEGF mimetic ONO‐1301. Whereas SUN11602 exclusively stimulated keratinocyte differentiation, ONO‐1301 mainly affected the proliferation and migration behavior of fibroblasts. In each skin cell type, both compounds selectively enhanced the expression of MMP1 and VEGFA. A combined small molecule FGF‐2/VEGF mimicry may not only improve angiogenesis‐related microcirculation but also reduce early fibrosis while facilitating wound remodeling at later stages. SUN11602 and ONO‐1301 represent valuable tools for improving the management of difficult‐to‐heal wounds, particularly for the design and development of small molecule‐functionalized, next‐generation, engineered skin substitutes.
Sensitive analysis of single nucleotide variation by Cas13d orthologs, EsCas13d and RspCas13d
Authors: Qiao Xin , Gao Yanmin , Li Jiaojiao , Wang Zhaoguan , Qiao Hongyan , Qi Hao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRNA‐guided CRISPR (RNA‐targeting clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) effector Cas13d is the smallest Class II subtype VI proteins identified so far. Here, two recently identified Cas13d effectors from Eubacterium siraeum (Es) and Ruminococcus sp. (Rsp) were characterized and applied for sensitive nucleic acid detection. We demonstrated that the special target triggered collateral cleavage of these two Cas13d orthologs could provide rapid target RNA detection in picomolar range and then the tolerance for mismatch between crRNA and target RNA was characterized as well. Finally, an additional single mismatch was introduced into crRNA to enhance the two Cas13d orthologs mediated detection of low variant allele fraction, 0.1% T790M. Overall, this study demonstrated that both EsCas13d and RspCas13d could robustly detect target RNA carrying special single‐nucleotide variation with high specificity and sensitivity, thereby providing newly qualified machinery in toolbox for efficient molecular diagnostics.
Revisiting the nodal voltage method for both human comprehension and software implementation: Towards a teaching/self‐learning simulation tool
Authors: Sousa Lino , Rocha André , Alves Mário , Pereira Francisco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper outlines an application—dubbedU=RIsolve(read as “you resolve”)—for helping students to learn the Nodal (or Node) Voltage Analysis method (NVM, for short) for electrical circuit analysis. The NVM enables determining the voltage in every Node in the circuit, related to a reference (Ground) Node. In turn, this enables to compute the current in every Branch (and therefore, the voltage across every component). TheU = RIsolveapplication goes far beyond the capabilities of traditional circuit simulators; as it outputs the fundamental circuit information, the methodology, the equations, and the results related to the NVM for a given circuit previously simulated inQuite Universal Circuit Simulator (QUCS). QUCS can generate a text file (callednetlist) that identifies all the circuit components/connections and that serves as an input to theU = RIsolveapplication. Additionally, users can also upload the circuit schematics to facilitate the analysis of the U = RIsolve output. Then, the user just needs to click a button to get all the reasoning of the NVM analysis.
Extended Enolates: Versatile Intermediates for Asymmetric C‐H Functionalization via Noncovalent Catalysis
Authors: Oiarbide Mikel , Palomo Claudio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCatalyst‐controlled functionalization of unmodified carbonyl compounds is a relevant operation in organic synthesis, especially when high levels of site‐ and stereoselectivity can be attained. This objective is now within reach for some subsets of enolizable substrates using various types of activation mechanisms. Recent contributions to this area include enantioselective transformations that proceed via transiently generated noncovalent di(tri)enolate‐catalyst coordination species. While relatively easier to form than simple enolate congeners, di(tri)enolates are ambifunctional in nature and so control of the reaction regioselectivity becomes an issue. This Minireview discusses in some detail this and other problems, and how noncovalent activation approaches based on metallic and metal free catalysts have been developed to advance the field.
CoaSmbOx Catalyst with Excellent Catalytic Performance for NH3 Decomposition
Authors: Wu Cui‐Ping , Jin Zhao , Xu Kai , Wang Wei‐Wei , Jia Chun‐Jiang 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionTransition metal‐rare earth oxide catalysts had the ability to catalyze ammonia decomposition according to recent years’ scientific reports. However, most of those catalysts had their own limitations: the catalytic activity was poor, and/or the active species could not clearly be identified. Here we report the CoaSmbOx catalysts with good dispersion, controllable content, and excellent catalytic performance for ammonia decomposition. The various content catalysts were synthesized by aerosol‐assisted self‐assembly approach. These catalysts had high dispersion and great morphology according to the images of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The temperature‐programmed reduction by hydrogen (H2‐TPR) and in‐situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the interaction between cobalt oxide and samarium oxide influenced the redox properties of cobalt oxide. Combined with in‐situ Raman, we found that Co0 was an active species of the CoaSmbOx catalysts in ammonia decomposition. Moreover, the temperature‐programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3‐TPD) data illustrated that the addition of Sm was beneficial to the adsorption of NH3. In general, we successfully obtained the CoaSmbOx catalyst with high activity and good stability. More importantly, we have identified the structure‐function relationship of catalysts by exploring the active species in the reaction process.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of cervical metastases in oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chia Clemente , Key Seraphina , Hasan Zubair , Virk Sohaib , Riffat Faruque 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundManagement of the node‐negative neck in oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), encompassing the hard palate and upper alveolar subsites of the oral cavity, is controversial, with no clear international consensus or recommendation regarding elective neck dissection in the absence of cervical metastases.AimTo assess the occult metastatic rate in patients with clinically node negative oral maxillary SCC; both as an overall metastatic rate, and a comparison of patients managed with an elective neck dissection at index surgery, compared to excision of the primary with clinical observation of the neck.Methods and resultsA systematic review was performed by two independent investigators for studies relating to oral maxillary SCC and analysed according to PRISMA criteria. Data were extracted from Pubmed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS via relevant MeSH terms. Grey literature was searched through Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Five hundred and fifty‐three articles were identified on the initial search, 483 unique articles underwent screening against eligibility criteria, and 29 studies were identified for final data extraction. Incidence of occult metastases in patients with clinically node negative oral maxillary SCC was identified either on primary elective neck dissection or on routine follow up. Meta‐analyses were performed. Of 553 relevant articles identified on initial search, 29 were included for analysis. The pooled overall rate of occult metastases in patients initially presenting with clinically node‐negative disease was 22.2%. There is a statistically significant effect of END on decreasing regional recurrence demonstrated in this study (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.24, 0.59).ConclusionThe results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest elective neck dissection for patients presenting with hard palate or upper alveolar SCC, even in a clinically node negative neck.
Elastic scheduler: Heterogeneous and dynamic deep Learning in the cloud
Authors: Yin Lujia , Zhang Yiming , Peng Yuxing , Li Dongsheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGPUs and CPUs have been widely used for model training of deep learning (DL) in the cloud, where both DL workloads and resource usage might heavily change over time. Traditional training methods require beforehand specification on the type (either GPUs or CPUs) and amount of computing devices, and thus cannot elastically schedule the dynamic DL workloads onto available GPUs/CPUs. In this paper, we propose Elastic Scheduler (ES), a novel approach that efficiently supports both heterogeneous training (with different device types) and dynamic training (with varying device numbers). ES (i) accumulates local gradients and simulates multiple virtual workers on one GPU to alleviate the performance gap between GPUs and CPUs for achieving similar accuracy in heterogeneous GPU‐CPU‐hybrid training as in homogeneous training and (ii) uses local gradients stabilizes batch sizes for high accuracy without long compensation. Experiments show that ES achieves significantly higher performance than existing methods for heterogeneous and dynamic training as well as inference.