bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a reflexive anthropology
Authors: Han Maythe S.‐W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis partly personal, partly polemical, and partly speculative essay is my thinking‐out‐loud about how anthropologists might decentre existing ways of producing, teaching, and sharing ethnographic knowledge and strive toward a more accountable, more responsible, and more ethical way of working in the discipline. Imagining a genuinely ethical and intellectually critical anthropology, I reflect on my experiences as a racialised woman trained in the “Western” academy in the subject of anthropology. I think about at what—and whose—cost anthropology stagnates in its whiteness, and how this stagnation affects the emergence of new forms of anthropological knowledge and work as well as how neoliberalisation of academia further encourages and perpetuates whiteness as the norm. Then, I ruminate on what anthropology could look like if anthropologists made serious efforts to dismantle white academic privilege, if we let go of our obsession with Theory, if we took ethics seriously: what I imagine to be a critical epistemic multiplicity in a reflexive anthropology.
Cross‐cultural adaptation of Turkish version of Parental‐Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P‐CPQ)
Authors: Mergen Gultekin Irem , Ozsin Ozler Cansu , Serdar Eymirli Pınar , Unal Ferhat , Atac Atilla S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionParental‐Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P‐CPQ) is one of the scales used for evaluating the quality of life of children. Dental caries is an important factor affecting oral health–related quality of life. It was aimed to translate into Turkish and evaluate the psychometric properties of the P‐CPQ with the evaluation of dental caries status of 6‐ to 14‐year‐old children.MethodsChildren‐parent pairs attending to paediatric dental clinic were involved. After the translation and adaptation of the scale, the data were collected from the parents with the Turkish version of the P‐CPQ and a short questionnaire, and then, the intra‐oral examination of the children was performed by a paediatric dentist. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 22.0 and SPSS AMOS 22. The significance level was 0.05. Confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity; and item analysis, item discrimination index and the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient for reliability measurement were calculated. Discriminant validity was tested by comparing the median P‐CPQ scores between children with caries experience and those without.ResultsTotally, 312 children‐parent pair (52.9% female) participants were involved. The mean age of participated children was 9.00 ± 1.89. P‐CPQ score was calculated by summing the scores of all 31 items; the mean score of the parents was 18.8 ± 12.8. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.87 and ranged from 0.680–0.795 for four subscales. The relationship between total and subscales was found to be statistically significant. Confirmatory factor analysis, item analysis and item discriminant index were approved. Model fit values were admissible.ConclusionsTurkish version of P‐CPQ was created, and it had good internal consistency reliability of subscales and found to be valid in 6‐ to 14‐year‐old children.
In‐plant activation of root‐specific expression of a cytotoxic gene disrupts the development of the root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Philip Susan Mary , Fosu‐Nyarko John , Iqbal Sadia , Wang Zhaohui , Jones Michael G. K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlant hosts can be engineered to disrupt the development of sedentary plant‐parasitic nematodes or proper functioning of the feeding sites the nematodes induce. The use of constitutive promoters to express dsRNAs or nematode inhibitor proteins may be unreliable because of possible silencing or yield penalty from continuous expression in a plant host. This ill‐effect can be avoided if a root‐specific, nematode‐responsive promoter (NRP) is used to drive the target nematode‐inhibitory message. This study used the In Plant Activation (INPACT) system to express a barstar‐controlled barnase in galls of Meloidogyne javanica and assessed how the engineered tobacco lines affected the growth and development of the nematodes. Of the 11 combinations of four NRPs and the CaMV 35S promoter assessed, the AtCel1 and TobRB7 combinations activated specific expression of split β‐glucuronidase (GUS) and barnase genes in and around giant cells. The same NRP combination directed expression of the barnase gene in tobacco roots also constitutively expressing the barstar gene (SPBB transgenic lines). On roots of six T1 SPBB lines, there was up to 94% reduction in the number of galls with significantly smaller adult females compared to those on wild‐type plants. Some of the females on lines SPBB4‐1 and SPBB‐4‐2, for example, were not associated with galls. The results indicated the engineered plants disrupted M. javanica development and demonstrate the potential for controlled and localized expression of peptides, such as those that could block specific effectors, to disrupt initiation, formation, establishment, or proper functioning of feeding cells induced by damaging sedentary nematodes.
Loss‐of‐function of ARABIDOPSIS F‐BOX PROTEIN HYPERSENSITIVE TO ABA 1 enhances drought tolerance and delays germination
Authors: Kim Hani , Song Eunyoung , Kim Yeojin , Choi Eunsil , Hwang Jihwan , Lee Jae‐Hoon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractABA is a phytohormone involved in diverse plant events such as seed germination and drought response. An F‐box protein functions as a substrate receptor of the SCF complex and is responsible for ubiquitination of target proteins, triggering their subsequent degradation mediated by ubiquitin proteasome system. Here, we have isolated a gene named ARABIDOPSIS F‐BOX PROTEIN HYPERSENSITIVE TO ABA 1 (AFA1) that was upregulated by ABA. AFA1 interacted with adaptor proteins of the SCF complex, implying its role as a substrate receptor of the complex. Its loss of function mutants, afa1 seedlings, exhibited ABA‐hypersensitivity, including delayed germination in the presence of ABA. Moreover, loss of AFA1 led to increased drought tolerance in adult plants. Microarray data with ABA treatments indicated that 129 and 219 genes were upregulated or downregulated, respectively, by more than three times in afa1 relative to the wild type. Among the upregulated genes in afa1, the expression of 28.7% was induced by more than three times in the presence of ABA, while only 9.3% was repressed to the same extent. These data indicate that AFA1 is involved in the downregulation of many ABA‐inducible genes, in accordance with the ABA‐hypersensitive phenotype of afa1. Epistasis analysis showed that AFA1 could play a role upstream of ABI4 and ABI5 in the ABA signaling for germination inhibition. Collectively, our findings suggest that AFA1 is a novel F‐box protein that negatively regulates ABA signaling.
Observations on Heating Hay in the Flooded Regions of Northern Vermont
Authors: James Lawrence H. , Price David J. 
Published: October 2021

The waters of the recent floods in Vermont and Massachusetts reached the haymows of hundreds of barns. Excessive heating set in almost immediately after the flood waters receded, endangering the farm buildings. Observations were made at 13 different farms in the valleys of the Winooski, Lamoille and Mississquoi Rivers. These observations are summarized in the following statements:
1. From half a foot to seventeen feet of the piles were under water.
2. In every pile of wet hay observed some "heating" had taken place, frequently to the point of being considered dangerous.
3. Heat was generated in the bottom layers of the piles and, escaping up through the hay, led to the production of draughts of hot gases or "flues" rising to the surface.
4. The large quantity of moisture carried with the hot gases from the lower layers was condensed on the upper, cooler hay, or in the air above. Many hay piles had been soaked throughout by the falling condensed moisture.
5. While the hot hay was being removed from the barns only one farmer had observed any charred materials.
6. The maximum temperature found (besides one case of fire) was 74 °C., though temperatures above 70° were recorded in other places.
7. The most marked evidence of excessive heating was observed (by the farmers) on the second and third days after the recession of the flood waters.
8. One authentic case of "spontaneous" combustion of hay caused by the flood was reported. The outstanding features were:
a. The lower two feet of the pile consisted of old hay from the preceding season (1926).
b. Covering this lower 2-foot section of old hay was a 6-inch layer of first cutting alfalfa.
c. Two feet beneath the top surface of the 42-foot pile was another 6-inch layer of alfalfa (second cutting).
d. This hay pile which fired "spontaneously" was the only one containing even a small quantity of alfalfa.
The urgent need for extensive research upon the problem of the "spontaneous" heating of farm products was emphasized by the lack of scientific knowledge with which to meet the situation.
Adequacy of the Essential Amino Acids for Growth of the Rat
Authors: Kinsey V. Everett , Grant W. Morton 
Published: October 2021

Growth was obtained in rats on synthetic diets in which the ten essential amino acids were the sole source of amino acid nitrogen. The growth rate was dependent upon the quantity of amino acids fed and appeared to compare favorably with that obtained when a similar quantity of nitrogen was fed in the form of casein. No increase in growth was observed when nitrogen in addition to that given in the form of the essential amino acids was supplied as glycine. Our experiments would not support the contention that the unnatural forms of the amino acids are toxic.
We wish to acknowledge and thank Phyllis Robison for technical assistance, and Dr. D. Mark Hegsted for helpful suggestions.
Complexity and involvement as implementation challenges: results from a process analysis
Authors: Emond Yvette , Wolff André , Bloo Gerrit , Damen Johan , Westert Gert , Wollersheim Hub , Calsbeek Hiske 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The study objective was to analyse the implementation challenges experienced in carrying out the IMPROVE programme. This programme was designed to implement checklist-related improvement initiatives based on the national perioperative guidelines using a stepped-wedge trial design. A process analysis was carried out to investigate the involvement in the implementation activities.

Methods
An involvement rating measure was developed to express the extent to which the implementation programme was carried out in the hospitals. This measure reflects the number of IMPROVE-implementation activities executed and the estimated participation in these activities in all nine participating hospitals. These data were compared with prospectively collected field notes.

Results
Considerable variation between the hospitals was found with involvement ratings ranging from 0 to 6 (mean per measurement = 1.83 on a scale of 0–11). Major implementation challenges were respectively the study design (fixed design, time planning, long duration, repeated measurements, and data availability); the selection process of hospitals, departments and key contact person(s) (inadequately covering the entire perioperative team and stand-alone surgeons); the implementation programme (programme size and scope, tailoring, multicentre, lack of mandate, co-interventions by the Inspectorate, local intervention initiatives, intervention fatigue); and competitive events such as hospital mergers or the introduction of new IT systems, all reducing involvement.

Conclusions
The process analysis approach helped to explain the limited and delayed execution of the IMPROVE-implementation programme. This turned out to be very heterogeneous between hospitals, with variation in the number and content of implementation activities carried out. The identified implementation challenges reflect a high complexity with regard to the implementation programme, study design and setting. The involvement of the target professionals was put under pressure by many factors. We mostly encountered challenges, but at the same time we provide solutions for addressing them. A less complex implementation programme, a less fixed study design, a better thought-out selection of contact persons, as well as more commitment of the hospital management and surgeons would likely have contributed to better implementation results.

Trial registration
Dutch Trial Registry: NTR3568, retrospectively registered on 2 August 2012.
Statistical analysis plan for the Early Youth Engagement in first episode psychosis (EYE-2) study: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a team-based motivational engagement intervention to improve engagement
Authors: Jones Christopher Iain , Bremner Stephen , Hooper Richard , Gu Jenny , Bartl Gergely , Greenwood Kathryn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services improve health outcomes for young people with psychosis in the medium-long term, but 25% of young people disengage in the first 12 months with costs to their mental health, families, society and health services. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a team-based motivational engagement intervention, the Early Youth Engagement (EYE-2) intervention.

Methods and design
The EYE-2 trial is a cluster randomised controlled trial comparing the EYE-2 intervention plus standardised EIP service to standardised EIP service alone, with randomisation at the clinical team (cluster) level. The study aimed to enrol 950 young people (aged 14–35 years) with first episode psychosis in 10 teams per arm.

Results
The primary outcome is time to disengagement: days from the date of allocation to care coordinator to date of the last contact following either refusal to engage with an EIP team or lack of response to EIP contact for 3 consecutive months which will be analysed using a shared frailty model. Secondary outcomes are Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS), Process of Recovery Questionnaire (QPR), DIALOG (a service user-reported measure of quality of life and treatment satisfaction) and service use outcomes which will be analysed using mixed effects regression models.

Discussion
This paper is the detailed statistical analysis plan for the EYE-2 trial. Any changes to, or deviations from, this plan will be described and justified in the final trial report.

Trial registration
ISRCTN 51629746. Prospectively registered on 7 May 2019. Date assigned 10 May 2019.
The INITIATE trial protocol: a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a “quit card” intervention on long-term abstinence among tobacco smokers presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Mullen Kerri A. , Garg Aditi , Gagnon Frederick , Wells George , Kapur Atul , Hawken Steven , Pipe Andrew L. , Walker Kathryn , Thiruganasambandamoorthy Venkatesh , Klepaczek Marta , Reid Robert D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Smoking cessation interventions implemented in emergency department (ED) settings have resulted in limited success, owing to factors such as lack of time, motivation, and incentives. A dynamic yet simple and effective approach that addresses the fast-paced nature of acute-care ED settings is needed. This study proposes a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare the effectiveness of an easy to deliver proactive, multi-component tobacco treatment intervention to usual care in the ED setting.

Methods
This will be a prospective four-site, single-blind, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) RCT. Participants will be recruited directly in the ED and will be approached strictly in order of arrival time. Those randomized to the Quit Card Intervention (QCI) group will receive a “quit kit” which will include: a “Quit Card” worth $300 that can be used at any Canadian pharmacy to purchase any form of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); a self-help booklet; and proactive enrolment in 6 months of telephone follow-up counseling. The usual care (UC) group will receive a “quit kit” which will include a brochure for a local smoking cessation program. Quit kits for both groups will be delivered in opaque, sealed envelopes, and identical in size and weight so to conceal group allocation from the blinded research coordinator. Randomization will be stratified by site and by the Canadian Triage Acuity Scale (CTAS), a value assigned to each ED patient based on the severity of the condition. An equal number of quit kits will be prepared for each CTAS level. The primary outcome will be bio-chemically verified smoking abstinence at 26 weeks. Secondary outcomes include smoking behavior at weeks 4, 52, and 104 as well as mortality and health care utilization outcomes. Investigators, outcome assessors, and data analysts will be blinded to group allocation until after primary analyses are completed. It is hypothesized that the QCI group will have higher a abstinence rate, improved health outcomes, and decreased healthcare utilization.

Discussion
There are few examples of hospital EDs in Canada that systematically initiate tobacco cessation interventions for patients who smoke. Given the high smoking prevalence among ED patients and the relation of tobacco smoking to the majority of ambulatory care sensitive conditions, EDs are a missed opportunity in the initiation of tobacco treatment interventions. We have designed and will test an evidence-based tobacco treatment intervention that is simple and highly scalable.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT04163081. Registered on November 14, 2019
Cedar Hill: Frederick Douglass’s Literary Landscape and the Racial Construction of Nature
Authors: Hess Scott 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis essay explores the overlooked significance of Cedar Hill, the landscape estate Frederick Douglass bought in 1877 near Washington, DC, both as a literary landscape and as a form of participation in the nineteenth-century elite culture of nature. Literary landscapes, associated with specific authors and their genius, emerged during the nineteenth century as important sites of memory and focal points for new practices of literary interpretation, tourism, and pilgrimage. The essay demonstrates Douglass’s self-conscious cultivation of Cedar Hill as a literary landscape that supported his claims for elite cultural status and full democratic citizenship. Cedar Hill allowed Douglass to claim both legal and symbolic possession over the landscape, establishing his connection with nature in ways that rivalled southern agrarian plantations and responded to his and other African Americans’ dispossession from the land through slavery. Cedar Hill was memorialized after Douglass’s death as a powerful site of African American identity, but its racial associations disqualified it as nature in the dominant white cultural imagination. Exploring Cedar Hill’s lost legacy as a literary landscape sheds new light both on Douglass’s identity and on the wider intersection of race, landscape, and nature in nineteenth-century and contemporary America.
Enumeration of some matrices and free linear codes over commutative finite local rings
Authors: Sirisuk Siripong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Let R be a commutative finite local ring. Two enumeration problems over R are presented. We enumerate the matrices over R with a given McCoy rank and a given number of rows of single unit, and the free linear codes over R which have a given rank and a given number of vectors of single unit.
The impact of visual thinking in medical education
Authors: Demir Ayse Banu , Okuyan Zuhal , Van Eck Alexander , Mura Gokhan , Gonlugur Emre , Karaca Can , Abacioglu Hakan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Considering medical humanities, medicine and art are two areas that resemble each other at several features. Clinical diagnosis involves the observation, description and interpretation of information of which visual ones take an important one. The skills described are important skills in the field of visual arts, as well. Underlying a good clinical practice; clinical examination and observation skills constitute an important place. Although in several studies, these skills are shown to be improved by analyzing visual art pieces, courses intended to improve visual thinking skills are not that much common in medical faculty curriculums.

Methods
In this article, we share our opinion about the use of visual thinking in medical education by providing preliminary reflection results of learners from the second year of medical education about the visual thinking course that we have recently started to apply in Faculty of Medicine in collaboration with Faculty of Fine Arts in Izmir University of Economics in order to improve the observational skills of learners.

Results
Reflection results of the learners support the view that training art-viewing skill is helpful to improve observational and descriptive skills.

Conclusions
Increasing interdisciplinary programs on visual thinking in medical curriculums have the potential to overcome several professional development challenges in clinics.
THE EFFECTS OF ANTENATAL PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLES EXERCISES ON THE LENGTH OF THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOR AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDA WOMEN ATTENDING SULAIMANI MATERNITY TEACHING HOSPITALS FOR DELIVERY
Authors: Ali Shaghayegh , Mohammed Atiya 
Published: October 2021

Background
The role of pelvic floor muscle training in decreasing urinary incontinence problems is well established but its effects on labor and newborn outcomes need more study.
Objectives
To evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercises on the length of the second stage of labor among primigravida women.
Methods
This is a quasi-experimental study done from February to November 2019, which recruited 160 Primigravida Women aged between 18-35-year-old and matched the inclusion criteria. The participants were qualified and included in the study with 18 weeks of gestational age. Thus study group started the training as 6 sessions of 2-hour training established and distributed through 20 weeks. Then, all participants were observed during labor by the researcher. Subsequently, the collected data got processed, and the experimental and the control group delivery outcomes got compared.
Results
Highly significant difference regarding education (70.0% of the study group had Institute-College degree while the rate in the control group was 39.0%), occupation (62.0% of the study group and 87.0% of the control group were housewives), economic status (80.0% of the study group were economically satisfied while this rate in the control group was 8.8.0%). There was a significant difference regarding the duration of the second stage of labor (p=0.05) and the third stage of labor (p=0.001), while there was a difference at the edge of significance (p=0.056) between both groups in the first stage of labor.
Conclusion
This quasi-experimental study found a significant effect of pelvic floor exercise on the length of the second stage of labor.