bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1100National prevalence of oral HPV infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated young adults in Brazil
Authors: Kops Natália Luiza , Comerlato Juliana , Bandeira Isabel , Bessel Marina , Maranhão Ana Goretti Kalume , Villa Luisa Lina , Mota Giana , Alves de Souza Flavia Moreno , Pereira Gerson Fernando Mendes , Wendland Eliana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Prophylactic HPV vaccination has been recommended for the prevention of cancers caused by HPV infection. Nevertheless, may be reduce the oral HPV prevalence, the putative precursor to oral squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to report the prevalence of oral HPV among vaccinated and unvaccinated women and men aged 16 to 25 years who use the public health system.

Methods
POP-Brazil study is a cross-sectional, multicentric survey. Participants were recruited from 119 public primary care units distributed throughout all 27 capitals of Brazil. Trained health professionals applied a face-to-face interview. Oral sample was collected through mouthwash and gargle cycles. HPV genotyping was performed in a central lab using the Roche PCR-based Linear Array genotyping test. Sampling weights by sex and age were applied to the data.

Results
Oral HPV samples were collected from 5,684 participants; 613 (8.93%) vaccinated against HPV, in which 86.57% were women. Among women, the overall HPV prevalence was significantly lower in those vaccinated [0.43% (95% CI, 0.03-0.83)] than unvaccinated [1.65% (95% CI, 0.97– 2.33] (p &lt; 0.01). Among men, no significant difference was found. All vaccinated individuals were negative to the HPV types present in the quadrivalent vaccine (6, 11, 16, and 18).

Conclusion
Vaccinated individuals had a lower prevalence of overall oral HPV besides the null infection by 6, 11, 16, and 18 HPV types showing another benefit of this cancer prevention measure. Due to the low prevalence of oral HPV, type specific analysis demand higher number of positive participants.
1252Agreement between self-reported chlamydia infection and chlamydia infection ascertained using testing and medication administrative data
Authors: Wilson Louise , Dobson Annette , Doust Jenny , Mishra Gita 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most frequently notified sexually transmitted infection (STI) in several countries, including Australia. We compared self-report of infection by women with the use of linked testing and medication administrative data to identify chlamydia infection.

Methods
We used data from 8474 women aged 22-27 years from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health in 2017. We compared self-report of a chlamydia infection in the previous 12 months with chlamydia infection estimated by having a prescription filled for azithromycin (the most commonly recommended treatment for chlamydia) within 28 days of having a chlamydia test through data linkage with the Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits database over the same 12-month period.

Results
Chlamydia infection was identified by self-report by 238 women. In contrast, 151 women had a prescription filled for azithromycin within 28 days of having a chlamydia test. Of the 151 women identified with chlamydia infection through data linkage, 101 also self-reported chlamydia infection (positive percent agreement = 67%). Of the 8323 women who did not have a chlamydia infection identified through data linkage, 8186 women also did not self-report a chlamydia infection (negative percent agreement = 98%).

Conclusions
Our study is consistent with previous studies indicating only moderate agreement between self-report of chlamydia infection and infection identified through data linkage. Further triangulation with medical records is needed to ascertain which of the two methods is more accurate.

Key messages
It remains unclear whether linked administrative data is preferable to self-report in estimating chlamydia infection in population studies.
601Is in-situ melanoma a precursor of invasive melanoma; a New Zealand study
Authors: Myint Thu Thu Win , Selak Vanessa , Elwood James Mark 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Melanoma is diagnosed as either in-situ or invasive disease. The relationship between the two diseases is unclear. If every in-situ is an early stage of invasive melanoma, diagnosis and removal of in-situ lesions should reduce the incidence of invasive melanoma. If the association is more complex, the excision of in-situ lesions might not effectively prevent invasive disease and may represent overdiagnosis.

Methods
A population-based cohort study involved all patients diagnosed with either in-situ or invasive melanoma from the New Zealand Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2017. The pattern of in-situ and invasive melanoma was compared by incidence, trends, and key patient characteristics (age at diagnosis, sex, body site, and ethnicity).

Results
The incidence of in-situ melanoma increased annually by 3.77% whereas that of invasive melanoma was relatively stable (annual increase 0.04%) over the study period. The pattern of in-situ and invasive melanoma was similar by sex and ethnicity but differed by body site. Since the distribution of melanoma for age at diagnosis was highly influenced by body site and sex, it was difficult to compare between the two diseases. The observed risk of invasive melanoma among in-situ cohort was four times higher than that expected among general population.

Conclusions
Not every in-situ was a precursor of invasive melanoma, but some did progress to an invasive lesion.

Key-messages
Plans should be considered to compare the potential harms and benefits of the screening and excision of in-situ melanoma.
1005Dietary pattern assessment methods and implications for dietary guideline development
Authors: Wingrove Kate , Lawrence Mark A , McNaughton Sarah A , Wingrove K , Lawrence MA , McNaughton SA 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Dietary guidelines should be informed by evidence from dietary patterns research. However, variation in the methods used to assess and report dietary patterns can make this type of evidence difficult to synthesise. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the methods used to assess and report dietary patterns.

Methods
Literature searches were conducted in 2019 using three electronic databases. Cohort and nested case control studies published in English between 1980 and 2019 were eligible for inclusion. A data extraction tool was designed to capture details of the dietary pattern assessment methods that were used.

Results
A total of 410 studies were included: 63% used index based dietary pattern assessment methods, 31% used factor analysis or principal component analysis; 6% used cluster analysis; and 6% used reduced rank regression. Some studies used multiple methods. Within studies that used similar methods, variation in the methodology existed. The level of detail used to describe each dietary pattern assessment method also varied, and in some cases, important methodological details were omitted.

Conclusions
There was considerable variation in the methods used to assess and report dietary patterns. To ensure evidence from dietary patterns research can be synthesised, standardised approaches for the reporting of dietary pattern assessment methods are needed.

Key messages
To ensure evidence from dietary patterns research can be synthesised and used to inform dietary guidelines, there is a need to standardise the methods used to report dietary pattern assessment methods.
465Simplifying the Differences between Causal and Prediction Analyses
Authors: Wollny Krista , Metcalfe Amy , McNeil Deborah , Benzies Karen , Sajobi Tolulope , Parsons Simon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
Multivariable regression models can be used to answer a variety of clinical questions. The two main objectives of regression models are to either 1) understand an association between one or more exposures and an outcome; or 2) predict future outcomes based on certain exposures or variables. To simplify this, we will consider the former causal analysis, and the latter prediction analysis. This presentation will explain the steps in model development and assessment using a clinical case study, highlighting the similarities and differences. This presentation is aimed at trainees.

Findings
The key differences between causal and prediction models include: the purpose and research questions, power calculations, variable selection, model specification, testing model fit, and the desired outcome of each model. The case study demonstrates these differences, while working through a causal and prediction model with similar clinical questions.

Conclusions/Implications
It is important for researchers to consider the purpose of their research question and to tailor the model accordingly. This will guide the model development and interpretation, which are different for causal and prediction analyses.

Key messages
A thorough understanding of the types of models available, their assumptions, and the process of model development and assessment is essential to conducting research that is valid and applicable to the clinical environment, enabling knowledge translation.
883Discharge Prescribing in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Hospitalised for Diabetes-related Complications
Authors: Wood Stephen , Ilomaki Jenni , Bell J Simon , Magliano Dianna , Fanning Laura 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Intensive therapy is often required to reach glycated haemoglobin targets in people with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), however, aggressive treatment in people &gt;80 years, frail individuals and people with dementia may be harmful. We aimed to determine whether these factors predict the intensity of anti-hyperglycaemic therapies prescribed for older hospitalised patients with T2D.

Methods
A cohort study was completed using discharge prescribing data from Melbourne’s Eastern Health hospital network. We identified 3,067 patients, aged 65-99 years, with T2D, at least one diabetes related complication and an index discharge between 2012 and 2016. Multinomial Logistic Regression was used to estimate adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for being prescribed insulin-only (IO), non-insulin anti-hyperglycaemics only (NIO) or a combination of those two (CT) compared to no anti-hyperglycaemics (NA).

Results
At discharge, 23% of patients were prescribed NA, 19% IO, 39% NIO and 20% CT. People aged &gt;80 were less likely than those aged 65-80 to be discharged with IO (OR = 0.53; 95%CI [0.42-0.68]) or CT (OR = 0.37; 95%CI [0.30-0.47]), compared to NA. Frailty was negatively associated with being prescribed IO (OR 0.64; 95%CI [0.43-0.94]) or NIO (OR 0.64; 95%CI [0.46-0.89], compared to NA. People with dementia were less likely to be discharged with CT (OR 0.56; 95%CI [0.34-0.92]) compared to NA.

Conclusions
Prescribers recognise advancing age, frailty and dementia as factors which necessitate less intensive T2D treatment in hospitalised older adults.

Key messages
Frailty, independent of chronological age, is associated with receiving less intensive T2D therapy in older hospitalised patients.
1195Brain-predicted age difference is associated with cognitive processing and delayed recall in later life
Authors: Wrigglesworth Jo , Yaacob Nurathifah , Ward Phillip , Woods Robyn , McNeil John , Storey Elsdon , Egan Gary , Murray Anne , Shah Raj , Jamadar Sharna , Trevaks Ruth , Ward Stephanie , Harding Ian , Ryan Joanne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Brain age is a novel neuroimaging-based marker of ageing that uses machine learning to predict a person’s biological brain age. A higher brain age relative to chronological age (i.e., brain-predicted age difference [brain-PAD]) is considered a sign of accelerated ageing. We examined whether brain-PAD is associated with cognition and the change in cognitive function over time.

Methods
This study involved 531 cognitively healthy community-dwelling older adults (70+ years). Using a previously trained algorithm, brain age was estimated using T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images acquired at baseline. Psychomotor speed, delayed recall, verbal fluency and global cognition were assessed at baseline, years 1 and 3.

Results
At baseline, a significant negative association was observed between brain-PAD and psychomotor speed (r=-0.14, p = 0.001), delayed recall (r=-0.09, p = 0.04), and the three-year change in delayed recall (r=-0.15, p = 0.02), which persisted after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that accelerated brain ageing in cognitively unimpaired older people is associated with worse psychomotor speed, and delayed recall. This study also provides new evidence that accelerated brain ageing is a risk factor for progressive memory decline. Future research would benefit from further prospective analyses of associations between brain-PAD and cognitive function in community dwelling older adults.

Key messages
Brain age is a neuroimaging-based marker of biological ageing. A higher estimate of brain age relative to chronological age (i.e., accelerated ageing) is associated with worse psychomotor speed and memory, and memory decline.
972The epidemiology and cancer-related hospital use of sarcoma in Western Australia: a linked data analysis
Authors: Wright Cameron , Halkett Georgia , Smith Richard Carey , Moorin Rachael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological studies on sarcoma from Australia are lacking, as previous studies have focused on a sarcoma type (e.g. soft tissue) or anatomical sites. Planning for centralised referral and management of sarcoma, which improves outcomes, is aided by accurate understanding of the disease burden.

Methods
Routinely linked cancer registry, hospital morbidity and death registration data from 1982 to 2016 for Western Australia (WA) were used. All new sarcoma cases among WA residents were included, using the European Information Network on Rare Cancers definitions. Measures of interest were incidence, prevalence, relative survival and cancer-related hospitalisations.

Results
The age-standardised incidence and prevalence for bone sarcoma was stable, relative to soft tissue sarcoma (STS), which increased over time. For 2012-16, the combined sarcoma crude annual incidence was 7.3 per 100,000, with the majority being STS (incidence of 5.9 per 100,000). Five-year relative survival for the period 2012-16 was higher for bone sarcoma (71%) than for STS (65%). The cumulative cost for cancer-related hospitalisations was an estimated $(Australian, 2019) 29 million.

Conclusions
STS incidence increased over time in WA, with an increasing proportion of people diagnosed aged ≥65 years. This study provides insights into the burden of sarcoma in WA. Use of a European sarcoma definition facilitated comparison of incidence and survival with values reported in Europe.

Key messages
This study describes the epidemiology of sarcoma, a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumours, in WA. The linked data approach facilitated assessment of health service utilisation; this approach may be useful for application in other settings.
131Spatio-temporal analysis to assess health effects of landscape fire smoke: an empirical model
Authors: Shirangi Adeleh , Xiao Alex , Ongee Emmanuel , Ivánová Ivana , Dewan Ashraf , Franklin Peter , Santos Brad , Yun Grace , Jian Le , Ting Lin , Eaton Nathan , Ball Stephen , Clappinson Laura , Burch Rowena , Fievez Paula 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Understanding the health effects of smoke from landscape fires (LFs), including wildfires and prescribed burns, is limited due to lack of adequate smoke exposure measures.

Methods
We used the reported LFs to determine smoke plume shapes from satellite images. Daily remotely sensed fire radiative power, aerosol optical depth, smoke plumes, fire danger rating, venting index and previous day PM 2.5 were then used to estimate smoke-related particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5). A population based time series design was used to assess associations between smoke-related PM2.5 and selected adverse health outcomes such as hospital admissions, emergency department visits and ambulance callouts.

Results
We found a significant dose-response relationship between increased smoke-related PM2.5 concentration and 1% to 5% increase for total emergency department attendances and total hospital admissions on the same day and the lag effects of 3 days where the PM2.5 was at medium level (95-98th percentile) and high level ( &gt; =99th percentile) compared to the low level (&lt;95th percentile). There was also 1% to 25% increased risk for individuals who were exposed to high level LF smoke with selected respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in selected health care utilisations.

Conclusions
Exposure to LF smoke at a high level was spatio-temporally associated with a wide range of adverse respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in selected health care utilisations.

Key messages
63Identification of insulin signaling pathway-related circulating circRNAs as biomarkers of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yan Yu-xiang , Li Jia-Jiang-Hui , Xiao Huan-Bo , Dong Jing , Chu Xi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The underlying molecular mechanism of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is that abnormalities occur in the insulin signaling pathway. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the development of diseases by regulating gene expression and become promising novel biomarkers for diseases. This study systematically screened and validated the insulin signaling pathway-related circulating circRNAs in T2D.

Methods
circRNA expression profiles were screened by microarray between five T2D patients and five healthy controls. The candidate circRNAs were then selected from those differently expressed circRNAs whose potential target miRNAs are involved in regulating key genes in the isulin signaling pathway. The expression of candidate circRNAs were validated in a second sample with 20 T2D cases and 20 controls by real-time quantitative PCR. Eventually, the association between circRNAs and T2D and their clinical significance were further confirmed in a large independent sample, including 103 T2D cases, 93 controls and 80 individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as prediabetes cases.

Results
Four circRNAs including hsa_circ_0063425, hsa_circ_0056891, hsa_circ_0078166 and hsa_circ_0071336 were validated by RT-qPCR. Low expressed circ_0063425, hsa_circ_0056891 and hsa_circ_0071336 were independent predictor of T2D, IFG and insulin resistance. The three-circRNA panel had a high accuracy for diagnosing T2D and IFG, especially when BMI was integrated. Bioinformatics Gene Ontology and pathway analysis confirmed that these circRNAs involve in the regulation of insulin signaling pathway.

Conclusion
circ_0063425, hsa_circ_0056891 and hsa_circ_0071336 are valuable circulating biomarkers for T2D, and may involve in regulating insulin signaling pathway.

Key messages
Insulin signaling pathway-related circulating circRNAs were identification as biomarkers of T2D.
828Dietary Variety and Incident Disabling Dementia in Elderly Japanese Adults
Authors: Yokoyama Yuri , Kitamura Akihiko , Nofuji Yu , Seino Satoshi , Amano Hidenori , Nishi Mariko , Taniguchi Yu , Abe Takumi , Narita Miki , Shinkai Shoji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Although consuming a variety of foods is an internationally accepted recommendation for a healthy diet, little is known about the association between dietary variety and incident dementia. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary variety and incident disabling dementia in community-dwelling elderly Japanese adults.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study of 721 participants (age range: 65–97 years) of the 2012–2013 Kusatsu Longitudinal Study. Dietary variety was assessed based on a food frequency questionnaire that encompassed the 10 main food components of Japanese meals: meat, fish/shellfish, eggs, milk, soybean products, green/yellow vegetables, potatoes, fruit, seaweed, and fats/oils). Participants were then categorized into low (0–2 points), middle (3–5 points), and high (6–10 points) groups based on the scores. Data regarding incident disabling dementia were retrieved from the public Long-term Care Insurance database. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
During the median follow-up of 6.5 years, the incidence of disabling dementia was 9.3%. After adjusting for confounders, the multivariate HR for incident disabling dementia was 0.52 (95% CI, 0.27–1.00) for participants in the highest category of the dietary variety score compared to that for those in the lowest category.

Conclusions
Greater dietary variety is associated with a reduced risk of incident disabling dementia in elderly Japanese adults.

Key messages
Consuming a variety of foods may be necessary for dementia prevention.
1531Monitoring of substances use among a sample of Tunisian high school pupils
Authors: Zammit Nawel , Ghammem Rim , Fredj Sihem Ben , Nasrallah Cyrine Ben , Misbah Rania , Maatoug Jihene , Ghannem Hassen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Epidemiologic surveillance of substances use is necessary for its prevention policy.

Objective
To monitor the extent of substances use among the high school pupils of Sousse, Tunisia between 2018 and 2019.

Methods
Two successive cross sectional studies were led in 2018 and 2019 among 1399 et 1342 high school students respectively. In 2018 and 2019, the same probability sampling procedure served to recruit participants and the same pretested survey was self administered to pupils anonymously in the classrooms in the presence of pre-trained medical doctors.

Results
The mean age of participants was 17.5 ± 1.5 years in 2018 and 17.6 ± 1.5 in 2019 (p = 0.302). Females represented 60.5% and 63.2% of participants in 2018 and 2019 respectively (p = 0.143). Prevalence of lifetime tobacco use was of 29.4% in 2018 and 26.7% in 2019 (p = 0.161). Concerning alcohol consumption, it was reported by 9.4% of participants in 2018 versus 6.1% in 2019 (p = 0.002). Cannabis was the most frequently used illicit substance reported by 4.6% and 3.9% participants in 2018 and 2019 (p = 0.358).

Conclusions
Compared to 2014, prevalence of lifetime tobacco use and lifetime cannabis use have doubled. In order to limit this trend, a national comprehensive substances use prevention program should be implemented early among Tunisian adolescents.

Key messages
Tobacco experimentation is frequent in Sousse, Tunisia Prevention of tobacco use should be combined with other substances use prevention actions