bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable cationic waterborne polyurethanes from poly(caprolactone)diol and trimethylol propane monooleate
Authors: Li Ying , Shen Jun , Zhang Siqi , Wang Weidong , Chen Yu , Li Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiodegradable cationic waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) were successfully prepared using poly(caprolactone) diol as the soft segment. To improve the mechanical performance, adhesive strength and water resistance of the WPU films, different amounts of trimethylol propane monooleate (TMPM) containing biodegradable long‐branched aliphatic chains were incorporated in the PU structure. The T‐peel strength of WPU‐3 reached 42.8 N/25 mm, which was about 324% higher than that of WPU (10.1 N/25 mm) without TMPM. On the other hand, the elongation at break of WPU‐5 was 811%. On enhancing the TMPM content from 0 to 7.8 wt %, the surface tension decreased from 53.6 to 41.5 mN/m and the water contact angle of the WPU films increased from 52.4 to 81.0°, whereas the water absorption was observed to decrease from 15.6% to 9.6%. The fracture mechanism of the WPU films transformed from the brittle failure to the ductile fracture. The experiment results showed the cationic WPU modified by TMPM displayed excellent film‐forming property flexibility and adhesion, the surface tension of WPU dispersion and crystallinity of the resulting film were significantly reduced. For the first time, a biodegradable cationic WPU has been prepared by modification with TMPM, which can be employed for constructing the eco‐friendly biodegradable cationic WPUs.
Attenuation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Through the Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor–Induced Caspase 3/Gasdermin E–Mediated Pyroptosis
Authors: Zhai Zeqing , Yang Fangyuan , Xu Wenchao , Han Jiaochan , Luo Guihu , Li Yehao , Zhuang Jian , Jie Hongyu , Li Xing , Shi Xingliang , Han Xinai , Luo Xiaoqing , Song Rui , Chen Yonghong , Liang Jianheng , Wu Shufan , He Yi , Sun Erwei 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the role of gasdermin E (GSDME)–mediated pyroptosis in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to explore the potential of GSDME as a therapeutic target in RA.MethodsThe expression and activation of caspase 3 and GSDME in the synovium, macrophages, and monocytes of RA patients were determined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis. The correlation of activated GSDME with RA disease activity was evaluated. The pyroptotic ability of monocytes from RA patients was tested, and the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on caspase 3/GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis of monocytes and macrophages was investigated. In addition, collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in mice lacking Gsdme, and the incidence and severity of arthritis were assessed.ResultsCompared to cells from healthy controls, monocytes and synovial macrophages from RA patients showed increased expression of activated caspase 3, GSDME, and the N‐terminal fragment of GSDME (GSDME‐N). The expression of GSDME‐N in monocytes from RA patients correlated positively with disease activity. Monocytes from RA patients with higher GSDME levels were more susceptible to pyroptosis. Furthermore, TNF induced pyroptosis in monocytes and macrophages by activating the caspase 3/GSDME pathway. The use of a caspase 3 inhibitor and silencing of GSDME significantly blocked TNF‐induced pyroptosis. Gsdme deficiency effectively alleviated arthritis in a mouse model of CIA.ConclusionThese results support the notion of a pathogenic role of GSDME in RA and provide an alternative mechanism for RA pathogenesis involving TNF, which activates GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis of monocytes and macrophages in RA. In addition, targeting GSDME might be a potential therapeutic approach for RA.
Collective cell migration driven by filopodia—New insights from the social behavior of myotubes
Authors: Bischoff Maik C. , Bogdan Sven 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCollective migration is a key process that is critical during development, as well as in physiological and pathophysiological processes including tissue repair, wound healing and cancer. Studies in genetic model organisms have made important contributions to our current understanding of the mechanisms that shape cells into different tissues during morphogenesis. Recent advances in high‐resolution and live‐cell‐imaging techniques provided new insights into the social behavior of cells based on careful visual observations within the context of a living tissue. In this review, we will compare Drosophila testis nascent myotube migration with established in vivo model systems, elucidate similarities, new features and principles in collective cell migration.
Prenatal overexpression of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor A results in central nervous system hypomyelination
Authors: Cardona Herminio Joey , Somasundaram Agila , Crabtree Donna M. , Gadd Samantha L. , Becher Oren J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling, through the ligand PDGF‐A and its receptor PDGFRA, is important for the growth and maintenance of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the central nervous system (CNS). PDGFRA signaling is downregulated prior to OPC differentiation into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. By contrast, PDGFRA is often genetically amplified or mutated in many types of gliomas, including diffuse midline glioma (DMG) where OPCs are considered the most likely cell‐of‐origin. The cellular and molecular changes that occur in OPCs in response to unregulated PDGFRA expression, however, are not known.MethodsHere, we created a conditional knock‐in (KI) mouse that overexpresses wild type (WT) human PDGFRA (hPDGFRA) in prenatal Olig2‐expressing progenitors, and examined in vivo cellular and molecular consequences.ResultsThe KI mice exhibited stunted growth, ataxia, and a severe loss of myelination in the brain and spinal cord. When combined with the loss of p53, a tumor suppressor gene whose activity is decreased in DMG, the KI mice failed to develop tumors but still exhibited hypomyelination. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed decreased myelination gene signatures, indicating a defect in oligodendroglial development. Mice overexpressing PDGFRA in prenatal GFAP‐expressing progenitors, which give rise to a broader lineage of cells than Olig2‐progenitors, also developed myelination defects.ConclusionOur results suggest that embryonic overexpression of hPDGFRA in Olig2‐ or GFAP‐progenitors is deleterious to OPC development and leads to CNS hypomyelination.
Sensitivity of cervical cytology in endometrial cancer detection in a tertiary hospital in Spain
Authors: Frias‐Gomez Jon , Tovar Eva , Vidal August , Murgui Lluis , Ibáñez Raquel , Peremiquel‐Trillas Paula , Paytubi Sonia , Baixeras Nuria , Zanca Alba , Ponce Jordi , Pineda Marta , Brunet Joan , de Sanjosé Silvia , Bosch Francesc Xavier , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Alemany Laia , Costas Laura ,   Screenwide Team
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionCervical cytology is a well‐stablished cervical cancer screening method. However, due to the anatomical continuity of the genital tract, it can also detect signs of endometrial disease. Our aim was to estimate the sensitivity of cervical cytology in endometrial cancer detection and prognosis in a large population over a 30‐year period in a large academic tertiary hospital in Spain.MethodologyWe performed a search for women diagnosed with endometrial cancer from 1990 to 2020, who were surgically treated and had a previous cervical cytology result. Information Technologies Department databases from Bellvitge University Hospital and the Screenwide case–control study's database were used. Cervical cytology results were classified as abnormal when squamous lesions, glandular atypia or malignant cells were identified.ResultsOverall, we evaluated 371 women with endometrial cancer and a documented cervical cytology performed within 3 years previous to surgical treatment. Overall, the sensitivity of cervical cytology for endometrial cancer detection was 25.6%. Several clinico‐pathological characteristics, such as non‐endometrioid histology and a higher stage, were correlated with higher sensitivity.DiscussionWe observed a low sensitivity of cervical cytology to effectively diagnose endometrial cancer. However, recent technological advances using genomics and epigenomics may offer a promising perspective to detect endometrial cancer with high sensitivity in these cervical specimens.
How persistent are duplication of purchase partitions?
Authors: Anesbury Zachary William , Bennett Dag , Kennedy Rachel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBrands share more of their customers with bigger competitors and fewer with smaller ones. However, there are occasional deviations to this predictable Duplication of Purchase (DoP) pattern. When two or more brands share excess customers because of functional or nonfunctional differences—it is called a partition. While past research using the NBD‐Dirichlet model demonstrates partitions in annual or shorter data, there is no empirical evidence for partition persistency over the longer term, although some other NBD‐Dirichlet deviations are known to persist over time. Examining expected partitions in 10 consumer goods categories in the United Kingdom, the authors show partitions overwhelmingly persist over 3 years. The findings contribute support to Dirichlet theory, especially on market stability, boundary conditions, and provide practical implications for portfolio management.
Highly Controllable Hydrogenative Ring Rearrangement and Complete Hydrogenation Of Biobased Furfurals over Pd/La2B2O7 (B=Ti, Zr, Ce)
Authors: Tong Zhikun , Gao Rui , Li Xiang , Guo Lingyun , Wang Jun , Zeng Zheling , Deng Qiang , Deng Shuguang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeveloping a highly selective catalyst to upgrade furfurals (5‐hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural) to cyclopentanones (3‐hydroxymethyl cyclopentanone and cyclopentanone) and tetrahydrofuran alcohols (2,5‐bishydroxymethyl tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran alcohol) is highly significant for biobased fine chemical synthesis. Here, a series of La2B2O7 (B=Ti, Zr, Ce) metal oxides, featuring the same chemical formula but different topological structures are fabricated. After Pd loading, the Lewis acidity and metal‐support interaction are well governed by the support type, which further affects the hydrogenation and acid‐catalyzed ability. A greater than 82 % yield of cyclopentanones is obtained via a hydrogenative ring rearrangement route over Pd/La2Ti2O7. However, Pd/La2Ce2O7 shows high catalytic efficiency for tetrahydrofuran alcohols with an approximately 80 % yield via a complete hydrogenation route. Additionally, the catalyst exhibits outstanding recycling performance and structural stability. This study presents an interesting design strategy for the selective preparation of cyclopentanones and tetrahydrofuran alcohols through the regulation of the adsorption mechanism.
Effects of Pre‐Electroplated Metal or/and Graphene on the Initial Coulombic Efficiency of Graphite Anode
Authors: Shen Wenzhuo , Ding Haoyuan , Zhang Jiali , Zhong Min , Guo Shouwu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFormation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and irreversible electrochemical reactions on the surface of anode during the lithiation/delithiation are considered as the main factors affecting the initial Coulombic efficiency of lithium‐ion battery. In this work, different metal or/and graphene is pre‐electroplated on the surface of graphite powder using a home‐built electrochemical workstation, and the surface states of graphite powder are characterized using FESEM, HRTEM, and TOF‐SIMS. The results show that metal or/and graphene are plated uniformly on the surface of graphite. The electrochemical property of the coin half‐cell using pre‐electroplated graphite as anodes shows that the metal can improve the electron/ion transfer capability of the composites that further suppress the irreversible reactions. The graphene can also control the formation of SEI on the anode, which counteract the considerable consumption of Li ions during the initial lithation/delithiation cycle.
The Kinetics of Phase Separation in Liquid‐Liquid Extraction: Modeling of Droplet Swarm Coalescence
Authors: Bol Pornprapa , Rudelstorfer Georg , Bol Jan Bernd , Siebenhofer Matthäus , Grafschafter Annika 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe kinetics of droplet‐bulk coalescence in liquid‐liquid phase separation was investigated. A modified 1st order rate model was applied to fit the data of three series of experiments with different physical properties. This rate model can characterize the coalescence curve with two kinetic parameters, which are basically just fit parameters. The fit parameters were compared with the physical properties of the investigated systems. They compare well with the density, viscosity, and interfacial tension. The outcome of this study offers a simple and easy to apply tool for kinetic modeling of the coalescence process.
ACHEMA Pulse – Erfahrungen aus der Sicht von Studierenden
Authors: Cheng Nan , Händle Katalin , Naumann André , Ossamy‐Dornemann Ben , Riegert Sydney , Serra Sebastian , Wang Zixuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlle drei Jahre öffnet die ACHEMA in Frankfurt ihre Tore für internationale Besucher und Aussteller aus der Prozessindustrie für chemische Technik, Verfahrenstechnik und Biotechnologie. Die diesjährige Pandemielage führte zur Verschiebung der Präsenzveranstaltung auf 2022. Als Ersatz wurde die ACHEMA Pulse angeboten. Die interaktive Online‐Veranstaltung beinhaltete digitale Unternehmens‐ und Produktprofile und ermöglichte die persönliche Kontaktaufnahme via Chat‐, Audio‐ oder Videofunktion. Zudem wurden an zwei Live‐Tagen zahlreiche Fachvorträge, Workshops oder Produktvorführungen angeboten. Hier wird von persönlichen Erfahrungen bei der ACHEMA Pulse berichtet.
PD‐L1 expression in megakaryocytes and its clinicopathological features in primary myelofibrosis patients
Authors: Lee Sze‐Hwei , Lin Chien‐Chin , Wei Chao‐Hong , Chang Ko‐Ping , Yuan Chang‐Tsu , Tsai Cheng‐Hong , Liu Jia‐Hao , Hou Hsin‐An , Tang Jih‐Lu , Chou Wen‐Chien , Tien Hwei‐Fang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and immune dysregulation, which provide a reasonable basis for immunotherapy in patients. Megakaryocytes are crucial in the pathogenesis of primary myelofibrosis (PMF), the most clinically aggressive subtype of MPN. In this study, we aimed to explore PD‐L1 (programmed death‐ligand 1) expression in megakaryocytes and its clinical implications in PMF. We analyzed PD‐L1 expression on megakaryocytes in PMF patients by immunohistochemistry and correlated the results with clinicopathological features and molecular aberrations. We employed a two‐tier grading system considering both the proportion of cells positively stained and the intensity of staining. Among the 85 PMF patients, 41 (48%) showed positive PD‐L1 expression on megakaryocytes with the immune‐reactive score ranging from 1 to 12. PD‐L1 expression correlated closely with higher white blood cell count (p = 0.045), overt myelofibrosis (p = 0.010), JAK2V617F mutation (p = 0.011), and high‐molecular risk mutations (p = 0.045), leading to less favorable overall survival in these patients (hazard ratio 0.341, 95% CI 0.135–0.863, p = 0.023). Our study provides unique insights into the interaction between immunologic and molecular phenotypes in PMF patients. Future work to explore the translational potential of PD‐L1 in the clinical setting is needed.
Multiscale decomposition and fusion‐based color contrast restoration for various water‐colored environments
Authors: Kalyana Sundara Rajan Sivamani , Damodaran Nedumaran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderwater image processing is a vast area of research to identify blurred objects in the ocean or sea environments. The light absorbed and scattered by the underwater medium create artifacts in the acquired images due to low‐light effects, poor visibility, darkness, illumination variation, and color contrast degradation. In this research work, a novel optical image preprocessing framework was proposed to restore the color contrast of images obtained from various water‐colored environments. Domain transform‐based multiscale image decomposition method was used to extract the base, residual, and detail layers. Then, the smoothed image was reconstructed from the base layer by applying the adaptive iterative backward‐projection algorithm. To obtain dehazed images, a multiscale fusion‐based algorithm was developed, which fused the detail layers and reconstructed the images. The outcome of the proposed framework revealed that the contrast degradation and low‐light‐related artifacts present in the acquired images from various water‐colored environments were found to be considerably reduced. The experimental results of the proposed method exhibit scalable improvements over the other methods in terms of visual perception and estimated performance metrics (underwater image quality measure = 6.1186; peak signal‐to‐noise ratio = 26.68; feature points matching = 96 points; semantic image segmentation accuracy = 0.8465 and processing time of 0.11 seconds on a single image). The novelty of this method relies on the fusion of well‐established techniques, which outperformed the advanced techniques like deep learning method in terms of simplicity, speed, performance, datasets, image resolution, and applications.
The Continuous‐Time Lace Expansion
Authors: Brydges David , Helmuth Tyler , Holmes Mark 
Published: September 2021

We derive a continuous‐time lace expansion for a broad class of self‐interacting continuous‐time random walks. Our expansion applies when the self‐interaction is a sufficiently nice function of the local time of a continuous‐time random walk. As a special case we obtain a continuous‐time lace expansion for a class of spin systems that admit continuous‐time random walk representations.We apply our lace expansion to the n‐component model on when n=1,2, and prove that the critical Green's function is asymptotically a multiple of when and the coupling is weak. As another application of our method, we establish the analogous result for the lattice Edwards model at weak coupling. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Two‐Part Phase 1 Multiple‐Ascending‐Dose Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics of TRV734 in Healthy Adults
Authors: Ramos Kimberly A. , James Ian E. , Skobieranda Franck , Soergel David G. , Ruff Dennis , Fossler Michael J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTRV734, an oral G‐protein biased ligand at the μ‐opioid receptor has demonstrated differentiated pharmacology in preclinical studies compared to unbiased ligands. First‐time‐in‐human data suggested that TRV734 was safe and well tolerated and caused effective pain relief after single doses of 150 to 250 mg. In this study, safety and tolerability of multiple ascending doses of TRV734, and single doses of TRV734 125 mg following various administration paradigms, in healthy subjects were evaluated. In both parts of the study, TRV734 was generally well tolerated with no serious adverse events. Pharmacokinetics of TRV734 were similar when TRV734 125 mg was administered following a high‐fat or standard meal. Compared to either of the fed conditions, maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve did not change, and time to maximum concentration was 1.5 hours later when TRV734 125 mg was administered as 3 split portions over 120 minutes under fasted conditions. Split doses of TRV734 delayed time to peak decrease in pupil diameter. Following multiple‐dose administration of TRV734 60 to 175 mg every 6 hours, there was a trend of slightly less‐than‐dose proportional increase of maximum concentration, and area under the plasma concentration–time curve and accumulation was modest. Time to maximum concentration was ≈1 to 2 hours and elimination half‐life ≈1.9 to 2.5 hours. The analgesic effect of TRV734 on the cold pain test was generally dose proportional and similar to that of oxycodone 10 mg immediate release, after both the first and last doses. There was a dose‐related decrease in pupil diameter following administration of TRV734 up to TRV734 125 mg every 6 hours. A favorable trend in bowel function index for TRV734 warrants continued study.
A pilot randomized control trial of online exposure for eating disorders and mechanisms of change delivered after discharge from intensive eating disorder care: A registered report
Authors: Levinson Cheri A. , Ralph‐Nearman Christina , Brown Mackenzie L. , Gardner Taylor , Cardi Valentina , Treasure Janet , Purves Kirstin , Eley Thalia C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMore than 50% of individuals with an eating disorder (ED) will readmit to treatment within 6 months of treatment discharge and often due to persistent cognitive ED pathology. Interventions addressing unremitted cognitive ED pathology following discharge from intensive treatment are crucial to prevent readmission. Imaginal exposure therapy facilitates the approach of feared stimuli not accessible in everyday life (e.g., rapidly gaining weight). In the current pilot randomized control trial (RCT), participants will be randomly assigned to a five‐session online imaginal exposure condition (n = 65) or a control online writing and thinking intervention (n = 65) within a month of discharge from intensive treatment. Exposure participants write about and imagine an ED fear and control participants will write about their ED generally. We will examine the feasibility and acceptability of the treatment conditions and whether imaginal exposure is more effective in preventing readmission than the control condition. We will test the efficacy of the imaginal exposure treatment in reducing ED symptoms and fears of food and weight gain, and whether fear learning is a mechanism of change related to ED pathology. Ultimately, this research will lead to the development of an easily deployable readmission prevention treatment based on fear conditioning targets.