bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El concepto de educación: La confluencia de criterios de definición, orientación formativa temporal y actividad común como núcleo de contenido de su significado
Authors: Touriñán López José Manuel 
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es fundamentar la necesidad de ir más allá de la definición nominal del concepto de educación y justificar la existencia de rasgos distintivos de la definición real del término ‘educación’ en el carácter y el sentido inherentes al significado, que deben ser tenidos en cuenta en cada momento y lugar, siempre que realicemos intervención pedagógica.
Se trata de formar criterio sobre el significado de ‘educación’ y la importancia de la Pedagogía en la construcción de ámbitos de educación. El conocimiento de la educación hace posible la construcción de ámbitos de educación con las áreas culturales, transformando la información en conocimiento y el conocimiento en educación. Y esto exige ejercer la función pedagógica con competencia, estableciendo una relación educativa en la que la actividad común es la herramienta de trabajo.
Abordagem da temática aproveitamento total dos alimentos no Ensino de Ciências da Natureza com enfoque interdisciplinar: relato de experiência no contexto da Educação Básica
Authors: Braz de Oliveira Coelho Franciele , Lemos Escobar Francielle 
Published: June 2021

O foco principal deste trabalho é o Ensino de Ciências através da temática aproveitamento total dos alimentos, explorando conceitos de Ciências da Natureza, por meio de atividades com viés interdisciplinar. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa do tipo exploratória com estudo de caso, em que participaram do estudo alunos de primeira série do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública estadual da região da Campanha do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram aplicadas oficinas temáticas com foco na interdisciplinaridade, por meio da metodologia de Delizoicov e Angotti (1991), denominada de Três Momentos Pedagógicos. Os dados foram coletados através de questionários, observação, e anotações feitas em um diário de campo. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados tendo como embasamento a teoria de análise de conteúdo apresentada por Bardin (2015). O estudo trouxe como principais resultados a colaboração de oficinas temáticas para a compreensão de conceitos de Ciências relacionados ao tema. Dessa forma, a pesquisa obteve resultados positivos, principalmente em relação à importância da inovação nas metodologias de ensino na Educação Básica.
O Ensino de Ciências em um contexto de inclusão escolar: um estudo de caso
Authors: Brandl Cândida Alíssia , Pereira Agnaldo Paula , Silva Malheiros Luiz Humberto , Medeiros Daniela 
Published: June 2021

O processo de educação escolarizada, se pensado de modo inclusivo, considerará os diferentes sujeitos, bem como seus estilos e tempos de aprendizagem. Quando tratamos de pessoas com deficiência intelectual, tal pensamento precisa se dar de forma mais apurada, respeitando as vivências e as especificidades destes sujeitos e reconhecendo suas particularidades. (Re)conhece-los, considerar a sua deficiência e buscar metodologias que alcancem suas expectativas e necessidades pode ser uma maneira de garantir a aprendizagem de todos. Sendo assim, o presente artigo busca retomar questões significativas à aprendizagem desses sujeitos mediante aspectos teóricos que norteiam essa temática, utilizando conteúdos e concepções da área das ciências da natureza. Metodologicamente este trabalho se caracteriza como um relato de experiência, discorrendo sobre uma intervenção que ocorreu em uma escola da rede pública, como decorrência da disciplina Prática Pedagógica do curso de Licenciatura Plena em Química. Foram utilizadas metodologias ativas e passivas que levam em consideração as questões referentes a esses sujeitos (em um entendimento global de sua constituição e desenvolvimento ), permitindo perceber que é possível haver uma aprendizagem significativa, assim como o processo de inclusão escolar.
Bayesian hypothesis testing and estimation under the marginalized random-effects meta-analysis model
Authors: van Aert Robbie C. M. , Mulder Joris 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMeta-analysis methods are used to synthesize results of multiple studies on the same topic. The most frequently used statistical model in meta-analysis is the random-effects model containing parameters for the overall effect, between-study variance in primary study’s true effect size, and random effects for the study-specific effects. We propose Bayesian hypothesis testing and estimation methods using the marginalized random-effects meta-analysis (MAREMA) model where the study-specific true effects are regarded as nuisance parameters which are integrated out of the model. We propose using a flat prior distribution on the overall effect size in case of estimation and a proper unit information prior for the overall effect size in case of hypothesis testing. For the between-study variance (which can attain negative values under the MAREMA model), a proper uniform prior is placed on the proportion of total variance that can be attributed to between-study variability. Bayes factors are used for hypothesis testing that allow testing point and one-sided hypotheses. The proposed methodology has several attractive properties. First, the proposed MAREMA model encompasses models with a zero, negative, and positive between-study variance, which enables testing a zero between-study variance as it is not a boundary problem. Second, the methodology is suitable for default Bayesian meta-analyses as it requires no prior information about the unknown parameters. Third, the proposed Bayes factors can even be used in the extreme case when only two studies are available because Bayes factors are not based on large sample theory. We illustrate the developed methods by applying it to two meta-analyses and introduce easy-to-use software in the R package to compute the proposed Bayes factors.
The Lithium Abundances from the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope Medium-resolution Survey. I. The Method
Authors: Gao Qi , Shi Jian-Rong , Yan Hong-Liang , Li Chun-Qian , Chen Tian-Yi , Zhang Jing-Hua , Liu Shuai , Yan Tai-Sheng , Xie Xiao-Jin , Ding Ming-Yi , Zhang Yong , Hou Yong-Hui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the purposes of taking spectra for millions of stars through the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) medium-resolution survey (MRS) is to obtain the elemental abundances, so that one can trace the origin and evolution for the element of interests. Lithium is one of such elements of great importance, which exhibits many puzzling behaviors. Investigating the lithium abundances to a uniquely large sample of stars is essential to understand its origin and evolution. In this paper, we present the lithium abundances obtained from the LAMOST MRS spectra calculated by the template-matching method. Our data set consists of 294,857 spectra that corresponds to 165,479 stars with a resolution power of Δλ/λ ∼ 7500. We compared the lithium abundances derived from our work with those using the high-resolution spectra and found a good consistence. The errors of lithium abundances are discussed. Our results suggest that the distribution of lithium abundances show two clear peaks at +2.6 and +1.0 dex, respectively. This sample is potentially important for investigating physical mechanisms occurring inside stars that alter the surface lithium abundance.
Testing Einstein’s Equivalence Principle and Its Cosmological Evolution from Quasar Gravitational Redshifts
Authors: Mediavilla E. , Jiménez-Vicente J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose and apply a new test of Einstein’s equivalence principle (EEP) based on the gravitational redshift induced by the central supermassive black hole of quasars in the surrounding accretion disk. Specifically, we compare the observed gravitational redshift of the Fe III
λ
λ 2039-2113 emission line blend in quasars with the predicted values in a wide, uncharted, cosmic territory (0 ≲ z
cosm ≲ 3). For the first time we measure, with statistical uncertainties comparable or better than those of other classical methods outside the solar system, the ratio between the observed gravitational redshifts and the theoretical predictions in 10 independent cosmological redshift bins in the 1 ≲ z
cosm ≲ 3 range. The average of the measured over predicted gravitational redshifts ratio in this cosmological redshift interval is

〈

z

g

m

/

z

g

p

〉
=
1.05
±
0.06

with scatter 0.13 ± 0.05 showing no cosmological evolution of EEP within these limits. This method can benefit from larger samples of measurements with better signal-to-noise ratios, paving the way for high-precision tests (below 1%) of EEP on cosmological scales.
Influence of Irradiation-driven Winds on the Evolution of Intermediate-mass Black Hole X-ray Binaries
Authors: Han Xiao-Qin , Jiang Long , Chen Wen-Cong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In young dense clusters, an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) may get a companion star via exchange encounters or tidal capture and then evolve toward the IMBH X-ray binary by the Roche lobe overflow. It is generally thought that IMBH X-ray binaries are potential ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs); hence, their evolution is very significant. However, the irradiation-driven winds by the strong X-ray flux from the accretion disks around the IMBHs play an important role in determining the evolution of IMBH X-ray binaries and should be considered in the detailed binary evolution simulation. Employing the models with the MESA code, we focus on the influence of irradiation-driven winds on the evolution of IMBH X-ray binaries. Our simulations indicate that a high wind-driving efficiency (f = 0.01 for Z = 0.02, and f = 0.002 for Z = 0.001) substantially shortens the duration in the ULX stage of IMBH X-ray binaries with an intermediate-mass (5 M
⊙) donor star. However, this effect can be ignored for high-mass (10 M
⊙) donor stars. The irradiation effect (f = 0.01 or 0.002) markedly shrinks the initial parameter space of IMBH binaries evolving toward ULXs with high luminosity (L
X > 1040 erg s−1) and hyperluminous X-ray sources in the donor-star mass versus orbital period diagram. Furthermore, the irradiation effect results in an efficient angular momentum loss, yielding to IMBH X-ray binaries with relatively close orbits. In our simulated parameter space, about 1% of IMBH binaries would evolve toward compact X-ray sources owing to short initial orbital periods, some of which might be detected as low-frequency gravitational-wave sources.
Naître dans les Andes. Circulation des savoirs obstétricaux et colonialité du savoir dans le Pérou du XIX e siècle
Authors: Quiroz Lissell 
Published: June 2021

L’article étudie la formation de l’obstétrique dans le Pérou du xix e siècle. Cette spécialité médicale tire ses origines de l’importation des savoirs obstétricaux européens et de leur adaptation à la réalité péruvienne. Ce nouveau modèle est basé sur la colonialité du savoir, qui condamne et poursuit les connaissances tout comme les pratiques sur la naissance préexistantes (autochtones notamment) et impose un autre régime, considéré comme moderne et civilisé, celui de la médecine occidentale.
L’action sanitaire extérieure de la France, 1949-1954. La nostalgie de l’influence, le pragmatisme multilatéral et les Europe(s) de la santé
Authors: Paillette Céline 
Published: June 2021

Le 24 septembre 1952, Paul Ribeyre, ministre de la Santé publique et de la population, lança un projet de Communauté européenne de la Santé, rapidement dénommé Pool blanc. Cette incursion du ministre de la Santé publique dans le champ des relations internationales interroge les processus de coordination entre les acteurs multiples d’une action sanitaire extérieure française, à l’œuvre depuis la fin des années 1940 entre nouveaux multilatéralismes et moments européens.
Beware of Pity: The League of Nations’ Treatment of Prostitution
Authors: Rodríguez García Magaly 
Published: June 2021

Cet article étudie le soutien de la Société des nations aux idées eugénistes. Les campagnes anti-prostitution menées par la Société des nations peuvent être entendues comme une expérience d’internationalisme, car l’organisation s’est attaquée à une question qui était jusqu’alors considérée comme relevant de la sphère nationale. Elle a mis sur pied un réseau d’experts qui ont diffusé diverses idées autour de la « déficience mentale » des prostituées. Ce faisant, la Société des nations ne s’est pas démarquée d’une époque où les interprétations biologiques du crime et de la déviance étaient courantes. Ce qui est plus surprenant, c’est qu’elle soit parvenue à dissimuler son intérêt pour les théories eugénistes au regard de la critique contemporaine comme à celui des chercheurs d’aujourd’hui.
L’aventure cartésienne de la substance. « Ego autem substantia » dans l’ordre des raisons
Authors: Dubouclez Olivier 
Published: June 2021

On a souvent souligné que l’usage du concept de substance était problématique dans les Méditations , préférant l’exposé plus rigoureux des Principia . À l’encontre de cette interprétation, cet article affirme que le traitement analytique de la substance est non seulement conforme à l’ordre des raisons, mais que s’y développe une aventure révélatrice : si la réflexion sur l’ ego et la cogitatio tend à faire de celui-ci une quasi substance, la formule « ego autem substantia » accomplit dans la Troisième Méditation une substantialisation qui n’est que transitoire. Car cette substantialisation, fondée sur la présomption de l’ ego se concevant comme author , est aussitôt contestée à la lumière de la relation que l’ ego entretient au Dieu infini.
« Aimez ce que jamais on ne verra deux fois » ?
Authors: Casta Isabelle Rachel 
Published: June 2021

La multiplication actuelle des surfaces d’écran, l’accès facilité aux rediffusions en tout genre et nos développements personnels modifient anthropologiquement le rapport à l’image et la consommation du film. De plus, l’opportunité la plus fréquente qui se présente de revoir non pas un film entier, mais un extrait, réside dans l’opération englobant de nombreuses productions où l’on assiste, à travers le regard d’un personnage, à la projection d’un autre film, généralement légitimé par l’histoire de la critique cultivée. Alors « revoir » signifie parfois dire adieu aux illusions de l’adolescence, ou tout simplement se donner les moyens de mieux comprendre la complexité d’une production.
Outcome of Mammography Examination in Asymptomatic Women
Authors: Kolade-Yunusa Hadijat Oluseyi , Itanyi Ukamaka Dorothy 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Early detection of breast cancer is important in reducing mortality, morbidity, and high socioeconomic burden associated with it. Mammography is currently the primary imaging modality used as a screening tool to detect early breast cancer in women experiencing no symptoms as they are most curable in the early stage with availability of breast conservative therapies.

Objective:
This study aimed at determining the mammographic breast density patterns and outcome in asymptomatic women who presented for mammographic examination in Abuja.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study comprises of 113 asymptomatic women who presented for mammographic examination at the Radiology Department of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada from March 2015 to December 2018. Two basic views (craniocaudal and mediolateral views) of the breast were obtained using EXR-650 mammographic machine.

Results:
The mean age of study population was 40.72 ± 10.45 years with age range of 35 and 65 years. Base on mammographic breast density, breast imaging, reporting, and data system 1 and 2 were the most prevalent. There was a positive correlation between mammographic breast density and age of respondents. This relationship was statistically significant (Pearson correlation = 0.56, P = 0.000). The mammographic outcome among asymptomatic women who had mammographic examination was negative in 69 (61.1%) women and positive in 44 (38.9%). The positive outcome noted in mammograms of women examined was: benign mass in 18 (15.9%) women; 9 (8.0%) had benign calcification; 7 (6.2%) showed architectural distortion; 5 (4.4%) was inconclusive; focal asymmetry in 3 (2.6%); and suspicious mass in 2 (1.8%).

Conclusion:
In this study, screening of women reveals various benign and malignant breast pathologies which necessitate early interventions.
Scope of Practice Boundary Violation in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Mani Karthik 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Occupational therapy (OT) practice in India is yet to be regulated at the national level. This presents a significant challenge to the OT community in India as it would be difficult for them to defend themselves if other professionals violate the scope of practice (SOP) boundaries.

Objectives:
The aim is to explore the views of occupational therapists (OTs) related to the issue of SOP boundary violation in OT practice in India.

Study Design:
An online survey research design was chosen to conduct this study. A 10-item electronic survey (9 with response options and one open ended) was developed based on the research question.

Methods:
An online survey link generated through SurveyMonkey was E-mailed to 760 OTs in India, identified through convenient sampling. The survey link was also shared on four WhatsApp Messenger groups (TNAIOTA Official Group, OTist Group, Clinic OT, and IPOTPDG1) with many Indian OTs (snowball sampling). Data were collected from January 29, to February 29, 2020.

Results:
The number of responses received was 126. One hundred and nine (87%) respondents believed that other professionals encroach OT's SOP boundaries knowingly or unknowingly. This belief is strong among all OTs across the nation, regardless of gender and practice experience.

Conclusions:
Many OTs in India believe that individuals belonging to other professions step into the domain of OT knowingly or unknowingly. Enacting an OT practice legislation, establishing a regulatory body at the national level and increasing them at state levels, endorsing an official SOP document, educating stakeholders, and engaging in awareness promotion initiatives would help mitigate the issue to a great extent. Ongoing and strategic efforts by the OT community in India are warranted.
Suicide terrorism and psychology of suicide bomber
Authors: Ogun Mehmet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article reviews suicide terrorism and existing understandings of the psychology of suicide bomber. Suicide attacks that take place in many different parts of the world are one of the most used methods by the terrorist organizations. Suicide terrorism as a type of terrorism carried out by suicide bombers wearing bomb vests or by assembled bomb vehicles attracts a lot of attention globally. Throughout human history, some people may attempt suicide at some point in their lives, and some of these attempts end in death. Suicide is an act of self-punishment and deliberate separation from the world. In other words, suicide is a pathological behavior that a person consciously does with the aim of ending his life and ends with success. The act of killing one's own life, which a person cannot make sense of and regards as abnormal, is such a complex and painful event. In this study, terror, suicide terrorism, suicide bombing will be studied, and the psychology of the suicide bomber will be examined.
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review of Nigerian patients
Authors: Azeez Taoreed , Eguzozie Emmanuel , Olalusi Oladotun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common long-term complication of diabetes. The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and identifying its associated factors. Medical databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, and SCOPUS were searched and eligible studies were selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses algorithm. The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Nigeria was dependent on the modality used in diagnosing peripheral neuropathy. The overall prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Nigeria was 31.2%–97.5%. The modality-dependent prevalences were 37%–97.5% (by biothesiometry), 41.7%–75% (by Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument), 31.2%–43.3% (by United Kingdom screening test), and 43.3%–69.9% (by diabetic neuropathic examination score). The associated factors were duration and control of diabetes, the age of the patient, presence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia and other microvascular complications (e.g., diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy). The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was found to be high in Nigeria and the associated risk factors were age, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on education: Case report
Authors: Altawaty Adel , Glessa Sara , Ambarek Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we report on the transformation from face-to-face learning to online virtual learning in the Libyan International Medical University (LIMU). Due to the widespread of COVID-19 worldwide, the Libyan government has enforced a full lockdown on higher education institutions without providing any solutions. This lockdown involved all public and private schools, and universities. Consequently, LIMU transformed its education strategy from face-to-face learning to virtual learning. The learning management system “Moodle” was already used in LIMU since its establishment which made the transformation to online learning much easier to students. Virtual learning is represented by audio and video recording of lectures, and laboratory lessons, live interviews, and interactive sessions for seminars, PBL, and lectures. Students' assessments, both formative and summative assessments were applied using Moodle quizzes and Safe Exam Browser. During the whole process of change, we faced many challenges and limitations. In conclusion, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, we had the opportunity to experience online education which is the best platform to keep safe and to continue their learning.
Histopathology Turnaround Time of Surgical Biopsies in a Nigerian Tertiary Health-Care Facility
Authors: Ajani Mustapha A. , Adegoke Omolade O. , Nwanji Ifeanyichukwu D. , Nwadiokwu John I. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Turnaround time (TAT) analysis is finding increasing relevance in clinical laboratories due to its relevance in the quality of care of patients. TAT involves all the various processes that occur within the laboratory.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathology TAT of surgical biopsies at the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of 1085 samples received at the Department of Pathology, UCH, Ibadan, from January to April 2020. Samples were categorized into small, intermediate, and large sizes. Average duration spent in the grossing room, processing, reporting, and result verification was calculated, and the total TAT was determined from the summation of the duration of these processes.

Results:
The mean TAT for all samples was 22 days (±10 days). Reception-grossing, histological processing, reporting, and transcription accounted for an average of 1.5 (7%), 5.9 (27%), 9.1 (41%), and 5.6 (25%) days and percentage of TAT, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean TATs for small-, intermediate-, and large-sized samples.

Conclusion:
We identified reporting time as the largest contributor to TAT. Other areas of delay were noted at tissue processing and result verification. Adoption of new technology and staff orientation may help to reduce the observed TAT.