bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1234Smoking, infectious mononucleosis, early-life exposures and risk of progressive-onset Multiple Sclerosis: a case-control study
Authors: Li Ying , Saul Alice , Blizzard Leigh , Taylor Bruce , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Mei Ingrid van der 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Risk factors in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have been identified in samples that contain predominantly cases with relapse-onset MS (ROMS). It is unknown whether the risk factors differ in people with a progressive-onset MS (POMS).

Methods
The case-control study included 147 POMS cases, 264 ROMS cases and 558 community controls. Questionnaires were used to collect information on smoking, infections, breastfeeding and vitamin use in early life. Logistic regression was used to examine associations. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age, sex and latitude band.

Results
Compared with controls, POMS cases were more likely to have smoked ≥20 pack-years (AOR 2.83, 1.53-5.24) and ROMS cases were more likely to have ever been a smoker (AOR 1.48, 1.09-2.01). POMS cases (AOR 1.75, 1.05-2.93) and ROMS cases (AOR 1.74, 1.21-2.49) were both more likely to have had infectious mononucleosis. In childhood, POMS cases were less likely to use vitamin supplements (AOR 0.52, 0.30-0.91) or being breastfed (AOR 0.49, 0.31-0.79).

Conclusions
Smoking and infectious mononucleosis are associated with increased risk of both POMS and ROMS. Vitamin supplements in early life and being breastfed are associated with reduced risk of POMS, but there is no association in ROMS.

Key messages
POMS and ROMS share some commonly known risk factors. Some protective factors were identified in POMS that were not observed in ROMS.
239Incidence and potential risk factors of a second primary cancer among 217,702 colorectal cancer survivors
Authors: Tseng Yingju , Liang Linda , Klug Stefanie J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) has improved markedly but risk of an independent second primary cancer (SPC) increases. We determined incidence and potential risk factors of SPC following CRC.

Methods
We obtained data from 217,202 CRC cases (ICD-10 C18-C20, aged ≥20 years) diagnosed between 1990-2013 from the German Centre for Cancer Registry Data. Cancers arising in a distinct site (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and/or of a different histology group were classified as SPCs. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals compared the excess risk to the general population, stratified by age, sex and CRC sub-site. Cox proportional hazards models identified potential risk factors of SPC.

Results
Following CRC (median age 70 years), 18,751 SPCs occurred (8.63%; median age 69 years). SPC incidence increased by 36% in males (SIR: 1.36 [1.34-1.38]), 46% in females (SIR: 1.46 [1.43-1.49]) and doubled for cases &lt;65 years (SIR: 2.08 [1.99-2.17]). Common SPC sites following colon cancer included the small intestine, stomach, liver, pancreas, bladder and kidney. Common male-specific sites included prostate and in females: breast, uterus and ovary. Similar sites were observed following rectal cancer, particularly in cases &lt;65 years. Age, male sex and tumour size (T1, T2) were potential risk factors of SPC. Therapy of CRC (including radiotherapy) did not demonstrate an elevated risk.

Conclusions
CRC survivors have an increased risk of SPC, particularly due to age, sex and tumour size.

Key messages
Colorectal cancer survivors have an increased risk of a SPC. Age, sex and tumour size are associated risk factors.
1446Forgoing needed medical care among long-term survivors of childhood cancer: Racial/ethnic-insurance disparities
Authors: Lindsey Lauren , Baedke Jessica , James Aimee , Huang I-Chan , Ness Kirsten , Howell Carrie , Brinkman Tara , Bhakta Nickhill , Ehrhardt Matthew , Im Cindy , Letsou William , Liu Qi , Robison Leslie , Hudson Melissa , Yasui Yutaka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Among adult childhood cancer survivors, the relationship between race/ethnicity and health insurance status, as a contributor to disparities in healthcare utilization, is poorly understood.

Methods
We examined racial/ethnic-related disparities by insurance status in “forgoing needed medical care in the last year due to finances” using 3,964 adult childhood cancer survivors (3310 non-Hispanic/Latinx White, 562 non-Hispanic/Latinx Black, and 92 Hispanic/Latinx) participating in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE). Multivariable logistic regression analyses, guided by Andersen’s Healthcare Utilization Model, were adjusted for “predisposing” (age, sex, childhood cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment, surgery, and treatment era) and “need” (perceived health status) factors. Additional adjustment for income/education and chronic health conditions was considered.

Results
The risk of forgoing care was highest among non-Hispanic/Latinx Blacks and lowest among Hispanics/Latinxs for each insurance status. Among privately-insured survivors, relative to non-Hispanic/Latinx Whites, non-Hispanic/Latinx Blacks were more likely to forgo care (adjusted OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.30–2.54): this disparity remained despite additional adjustment for income/education (adjusted OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01–2.01). In contrast, publicly-insured survivors, regardless of race/ethnicity, had similar risk of forgoing care as privately-insured non-Hispanic/Latinx Whites. All uninsured survivors had high risk of forgoing care. Additional adjustment for chronic health conditions did not alter these results.

Conclusions
The findings of this study show that provision of public insurance to all childhood cancer survivors may diminish racial/ethnic disparities in forgoing care that exist among the privately-insured and reduce the risk of forgoing care among uninsured survivors to that of privately-insured non-Hispanic/Latinx Whites.

Key messages
Providing publicly funded health insurance coverage to childhood cancer survivors can reduce disparities in forgoing medical care.
842Prevention of severe preeclampsia at term gestation among women with chronic hypertension
Authors: Lisonkova Sarka , Bone Jeffrey , Muraca Giulia , Razaz Neda , Boutin Amelie , Sabr Yasser , Joseph K.S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Chronic hypertension is a strong risk factor for severe preeclampsia/eclampsia (SPE), and timely obstetric intervention can prevent SPE and reduce perinatal complications. We quantified gestational age-specific rates of SPE and estimated the benefits of preventive interventions among women with chronic hypertension at term gestation (≥37 weeks).

Methods
Women with chronic hypertension and a term, singleton, hospital delivery in Washington State, 2003-2013, were included in the study (N = 9697) with data obtained from birth certificates and hospital records. Adverse outcomes included SPE and composite severe neonatal morbidity (e.g., seizures, intracranial hemorrhage) and perinatal death (SNMM). Preventive interventions included labour induction and pre-labour cesarean delivery.

Results
There were 1026 cases of SPE (10.6 per 100 women with chronic hypertension). Gestational age-specific SPE rates ranged between 2.8 and 4.1 per 100 ongoing pregnancies; the frequency of preventive intervention at each gestational week ranged between 58% and 66%. Gestational age-specific SPE and SNMM rates were lower following preventive intervention: such intervention reduced the frequency of SPE/SNMM by 28 per 100 additional interventions at 37 weeks, 22 per 100 at 38 weeks, 17 per 100 at 39 weeks, 13 at 40 weeks and 6 per 100 additional interventions at 41 weeks’ gestation.

Conclusions
Labour induction and pre-labour cesarean delivery at term gestation can prevent a substantial proportion of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia and perinatal death/severe neonatal morbidity among women with chronic hypertension.

Key messages
SPE occurs in approximately 11% of women with chronic hypertension at term gestation. Obstetric interventions can prevent SPE and improve adverse pregnancy outcomes.
225Association between phytosterol consumption esophageal cancer risk
Authors: Liu Xudong , Sun Liping , Zhao Wenjing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Phytosterols have anticancer effects and have been shown to inhibit various forms of cancer. However, epidemiological studies on the relationship between phytosterols and esophageal cancer risk are quite limited. The aim of this study was to investigate dietary phytosterol intake in relation to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the Chinese population.

Methods
A case–control study was conducted from July 2011 to June 2013, recruiting 856 eligible ESCC cases plus 856 controls. Dietary information was collected by using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The OR and 95% CI of ESCC risk were assessed by multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
The total phytosterols was found to be associated with a 56% (95% CI: 0.32- 0.61) reduction in ESCC risk when comparing the highest with the lowest tertiles, after adjusting for various confounders. An inverse association was also found between the consumption of β-sitostanol, β-sitosterol, campesterol and ESCC risk. No statistically significant association was found between rapesanol and ESCC risk.

Conclusions
These data indicated that the consumption of total phytosterols, β-sitostanol, β-sitosterol, campesterol is inversely associated with ESCC risk in a Chinese population

Key messages
Phytosterols consumption may contribute to the prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
464Basics of survival analysis: age is not appropriate as time scale in Cox regression model
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Zhang Jingjing , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Matsuo Toshihiko , Yorifuji Takashi , Hamada Jun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Many previous methodological studies suggested to use age as time scale in Cox regression model, and some statistical analyses directly applied this conclusion. In the present study, we explain why age is not a more appropriate time scale compared to the time-on-study time scale.

Methods
We address this argument based on five aspects: Cox regression model, conditional likelihood estimation, dataset of left-truncation or right-censoring, algorithms and software for Cox model, and inferring survival function. Furthermore, logical and algorithmic errors arise in the procedure of parameter inference with age time scale, and that certain evaluation indicators proposed by previous studies are inappropriate.

Results
The function of time scale is mainly a sampling method for maximum likelihood estimation to infer coefficient of Cox regression model, and the method defined by the age time scale is incorrect in logics and algorithms. Furthermore, age as time scale creates new problems, such as the omission of covariates, loss of information as a continuous variable, increase in dropout, and inability to obtain the survival function.

Conclusions
For the Cox regression model, the classic time-on-study time scale is more appropriate compared to age as time scale.

Key messages
It is an important discussion because using age as time scale was first proposed decades ago, meaning that lots of turnovers in researchers, newbies tend to accept the assumptions of their predecessors, but the suitability has never been rigorously verified.
294Epidemiological characteristics of falls among older people: results from Chinese National Injury Surveillance System
Authors: Lu Zhiming ,   Yuan Wang,   Pengpeng Ye,   Yuliang Er,   Leilei Duan
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Falls are among the most frequent critical health problems for older people. Fall-related injuries are a significant cause of mortality in older people. Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of falls among older people in China is an important basis for falls prevention.

Methods
Descriptive analysis was applied on general information, injury occurrence and injury clinical characteristics by using the data of people □ 60 years of age from National Injury Surveillance System (NISS).

Results
In total, 205 670 cases of falls were collected by NISS from 2015 to 2018, with the gender ratio of 1.37. Falls mainly occurred during 10:00-10:59 AM (11.9%). The top three major places where falls might occur were home (56.4%), the road (17.2%) and public residence (14.4%). Leisure activities (37.6%), housework (24.2%) and walk (15.1%) were top three activities when falls occurred. The most common body parts of falls involved were low limbs (31.4%), head (22.5) and truncus (20.7%). Bruise/ scrape (42.2%), fracture (31.8%) and sprain/ strain (14.6%) were the major nature of injury. Moderate and severe injuries accounted for 37.2% of all cases.

Conclusions
The number of falls among people □ 60 years of age from NISS has increased from 2015 to 2018. Further scientific research on the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors and falls prevention should be conducted.

Key messages
This data is from Chinese National Injury Surveillance System and results can provide basis for the formulation of corresponding policies.
442A scoping review to identify physical activity cohort studies for the Physical Activity Cohort Repository (PACe)
Authors: Lynch Brigid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The Physical Activity Cohort Repository (PACe) project was initiated by the Epidemiology Council of the International Society of Physical Activity (ISPAH). The project will create a central database of cohort studies with at least 1,000 participants that have collected data on physical activity (self-reported and/or accelerometer measures) at three or more timepoints, to facilitate physical activity epidemiology research worldwide.

Methods
A scoping review commenced in January 2020 to identify relevant cohort studies in PubMed and Web of Science. All titles and abstracts identified in the search were screened, and data are to be extracted by two authors. Data to be extracted include: cohort size; location; years of baseline recruitment; broad demographics of the cohort; how and when physical activity was measured; clinical measures; biological samples; cohort profile publication; and information on how to request access to the data (if applicable).

Results
Our scoping search identified 8,992 articles. From the 851 papers from studies meeting the eligibility criteria, we have identified 409 unique cohort studies. We anticipate having the PACe online database completed and accessible by the end of 2021.

Conclusions
The PACe will help to maximize the investments made into cohort studies, by encouraging researchers to return to mature cohorts and apply contemporary methods to physical activity-related research questions. The PACe will also facilitate international collaborations and help build capacity in low- and middle-income countries.

Key messages
The PACe will be a searchable catalogue of cohort studies that have included self-reported and/or accelerometer measures of physical activity.
272Transdiagnostic Risk and Protective Factors for Psychopathology in Young People: A systematic review
Authors: Lynch Miss Samantha , Sunderland Matthew , Newton Nicola C , Chapman Cath 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
Mental health and substance use disorders are among the leading causes of burden of disease worldwide. These disorders often emerge during adolescence, with risk of onset peaking between the ages 13 and 24. Despite decades of research, the underlying causes of mental health disorders remain unclear. This in part may be due to limitations of existing, categorical diagnostic systems, such as low specificity demonstrated by the high rates of co-occurring mental health disorders. A growing body of research supports a move towards dimensional, empirically derived models of psychopathology, such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (Hi-TOP) model. The present systematic review seeks to identify risk and protective factors for psychopathology in young people that occur across traditional diagnostic categories by synthesising and evaluating findings from research investigating empirically based models of psychopathology.

Findings
Findings will be summarised in a narrative synthesis and grouped by broad research domain, such as genetic, neurobiological, cognitive social and environmental.

Conclusions/Implications
The implications of these findings for the development of prevention and early intervention programs will be discussed.

Key messages
Empirically based models of psychopathology provide a vital opportunity to advance our knowledge of the risk and protective factors for mental health and substance use disorders, and in turn lead to the development or enhancement of prevention programs.
1500Determinants of dietary behaviour and physical activity in Australian adolescents
Authors: Marjanovic Sandra , Munasinghe Sithum , Sperandei Sandro , Jani Hir , Conroy Elizabeth , Freebairn Louise , Page Andrew 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The increased prevalence of obesity, unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyles among Australian adolescents has become a public health concern. This study investigated the associations between socio-economic status, screen-time, social networks, sleep, and wellbeing and subsequent health behaviours.

Methods
A cohort of 582 adolescents aged 13-19 years from Sydney were prospectively followed for 22-weeks (8 November 2019 – 19 April 2020). Study factors were collected via mobile phone app using weekly ecological momentary assessments (EMAs). Multi-level mixed effects logistic regression model assessed associations between baseline characteristics of participants, socio-economic status, screen-time, sleep, and wellbeing and subsequent dietary behaviour and physical activity.

Results
TV watching (odds ratio [OR]=1.22, 95% CI: 0.98-1.5), social media and internet use (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.97-1.53) were associated with fast food consumption. Participants who spent more than four hours a day on social media were also less likely to be physically active for ³60 minutes (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.6-0.94). Fast food consumption was associated with lower vegetable (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43-0.85) and fruit intake (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61-1.01), and was also more prevalent in participants with a job (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.09-1.86). There was no substantial effect of psychological distress, positive emotions, social relationships and sleep on any health behaviour.

Conclusions
The present study has shown that lifestyle behaviours had a stronger effect on dietary behaviour and physical activity than some of the socio-demographic factors.

Key messages
Future studies with a balanced sample in terms of sex, age and cultural background are needed.
670Lifestyle risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in treated chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Matsuura Tomoka , Ohfuji Satoko , Enomoto Masaru , Tamori Akihiro , Kubo Shoji , Kioka Kiyohide , Fukushima Wakaba 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to identify lifestyle risk factors, such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among chronic hepatitis C patients who have achieved a sustained virological response (SVR).

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2014 and 2017 using self-administered questionnaires and medical information at two tertiary hospitals in Osaka, Japan. Study subjects were chronic hepatitis C patients who had achieved SVR following antiviral treatment that was completed more than 1 year earlier. A logistic regression model was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for post-SVR HCC.

Results
Of 202 participants, 18 had been diagnosed with post-SVR HCC. After considering potential confounders, former drinkers at the time of SVR (OR, 9.51; 95%CI, 1.08 to 83.90), and patients with a history of gastric or duodenal ulcer (OR, 4.14; 95%CI, 1.37 to 12.46) were significantly associated with HCC. Among patients with severe fibrosis, current smokers at the time of SVR had an increased OR for HCC compared with non-smokers, with marginal significance (OR, 5.61; 95%CI, 0.97 to 32.63).

Conclusions
In chronic hepatitis C patients with severe fibrosis, continued smoking could be a risk factor for post-SVR HCC. The relationship between gastric or duodenal ulcer history and post-SVR HCC should be investigated further.

Key messages
Smoking cessation may be preferred for chronic hepatitis C patients with severe fibrosis to prevent post-SVR HCC.
875Association between dietary inflammatory index and sleep duration
Authors: Melaku Yohannes Adama , Appleton Sarah , Reynolds Amy , Gill Tiffany , Adams Robert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Diet and sleep are strongly and bidirectionally linked. This study aims to assess the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and sleep duration using the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANS) of the United States.

Methods
A total of 27,999 (median age 47 years, 48.6% male) participants were included. Dietary data were collected using 24-hour recall method and DII was calculated using 27 nutrients. Quantiles of DII were constructed (quantile 1, least inflammatory; quantile 5, most inflammatory). Self-reported habitual sleep duration was categorized as ≤ 6 hr (short sleep), ≥7 hr (normal/long sleep). We used log-binomial and multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders, to examine the association between DII and short sleep duration. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding common chronic diseases. The analyses were adjusted using NHANES sampling weights.

Results
In the fully adjusted model, higher DII score was associated with shorter sleep duration [odds ratio (OR)quartile2vs1=1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84-1.29; ORquartile3vs1=1.27; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.52; ORquartile4vs1=95% CI: 1.47; 95 CI: 1.25, 1.74; ORquartile5vs1=1.62; 95% CI: 1.33, 1.97; P for trend&lt;0.0001]. A similar trend of association was observed with long sleep duration and in both male and female participants. Participants in the fifth quantile, compared to those in the first, on average had 6 minutes (95% CI: 1, 11) less sleep.

Conclusions
Pro-inflammatory diet was positively associated with increased odds of short sleep duration.

Key messages
Patients with short sleep duration may benefit from avoiding pro-inflammatory foods. The association between DII and sleep duration could be bidirectional.