bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomics Overview
Authors: Feero W Gregory 
Published: January 2021

New genomic applications are affecting internal medicine subspecialties and will soon affect the practices of all physicians. This chapter discusses the fields of genetics versus genomics and details the fundamentals of a genomic approach to health care. It includes special considerations such as the intersection between genomics and evidence-based medicine, genetic discrimination, the regulation of genetic testing, and the marketing of genetic testing directly to consumers. The chapter looks at genome-wide association studies and clinical care, as well as sequencing technologies. Tables offer examples of patterns of inheritance, clinical recommendations and red flags raised by family history, and intended uses for genetic tests. One figure shows an example pedigree obtained by using the US surgeon general's My Family Health Portrait family history tool, while the other shows the chromosomal locations of genetic markers associated with disease risk discovered in genome-wide association studies between 2005 and 2009. This chapter contains 41 references.
Approach to the Geriatric Patient
Authors: Kostas Tia , Simone Mark , Rudolph James L 
Published: January 2021

As of 2012, over one in eight Americans is over the age of 65, and this number is rising, particularly in the 85+ age group. This segment of the population has a rate of hospitalization three times higher than that for persons of all ages. General internists and family medicine physicians provide a large portion of care for this age group and should therefore be comfortable using a comprehensive approach to geriatric assessment. This review describes general considerations regarding geriatric care, including the process of taking a functional history and clinical implications of geriatric care. The geriatric assessment process is discussed in terms of physical, cognitive, social, and medical domains. The benefits of geriatric assessment in primary care, specialty care, and hospitalized patients are described. Tables outline activities of daily living, sensory changes with aging, major causes of visual impairment in the geriatric population, major neurocognitive disorder diagnostic criteria, medications to avoid or use with caution based on Beers criteria and Screening Tool of Older individuals’ Potentially inappropriate Prescriptions criteria, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force–recommended services relevant to older adults, and vaccinations in older adults. Figures illustrate the key vulnerabilities of older adults; outcomes linked to functional dependence; common disorders associated with cognitive concerns; domains of cognition and examples of impairment in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition; the social and medical domains of geriatric assessment; barriers to medication adherence in older patients; and resources for medication appropriateness in older adults.
This review contains 8 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, 110 references, and 5 MCQs.
Advance Care Planning
Authors: Van Scoy Lauren Jodi , Green Michael , Levi Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

Advance care planning (ACP) is defined by the Institute of Medicine as an iterative process that involves discussing end-of-life issues, clarifying relevant values and goals of care, and embodying preferences through written documents and medical orders. ACP is predicated on the principle of respect for autonomy, which recognizes an individual’s right to accept or decline medical therapies. With the development of medical technologies that can sustain life (including mere physiologic existence), effective ACP has become a critical yet underused process for patients, their families, and clinicians. This review discusses the emergence of ACP, promises and pitfalls of advance directives, and promising approaches, including ACP interventions and research, as well as a focus on public engagement and future directions. Figures show a timeline of important advances in ACP since 1990, key features of the comprehensive ACP process, the three core aspects or pillars for implementation of ACP, stages of change for ACP behaviors, and two commercially available end-of-life games. Tables list theoretical pros and cons of advance directives, ACP resources, examples of recent research studies on ACP interventions, types and examples of ACP resources, and public engagement campaigns.

This review contains 5 figures, 12 tables, and 101 references
Keywords: Advance care planning, advance directive, end-of-life
Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Weiss Boaz  Zadok , Alpert Evan Avraham 
Published: January 2021

In a patient with DVT, a clot forms in the large veins of the extremities, typically the leg, which can lead to a pulmonary embolus, a potentially life-threatening medical problem. Risk factors include provoking factors such as recent surgery, acquired factors such as obesity or cardiovascular disease, and genetic factors such as protein C or S deficiency. The Wells DVT score is a clinical scoring system that allows the assessment of the pretest probability of DVT. However, clinical gestalt has been found to be equally accurate. This can then guide the clinical work-up of the patient, with low and moderate pretest probabilities, allowing one to start with D-dimer testing, versus high probability, requiring one to begin with lower extremity US. The current trend in treatment of DVT is the novel oral anticoagulants as they can be given at fixed doses, do not require laboratory monitoring, and have a better safety profile than warfarin. Pregnant patients, those with cancer, as well as many with recurrent DVT are treated with low-molecular-weight heparin. Most patients with DVT may be treated as an outpatient. A small percentage of patients with severe DVT may benefit from catheter-directed thrombolysis.

This review contains 1 figures, 2 tables, and 48 references.
Key Words: anticoagulants, D-dimer, diagnostic ultrasonography, DVT, low molecular weight heparin, postthrombotic syndrome, unfractionated heparin, warfarin
Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Roos Karen L. 
Published: January 2021

Acute bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening infection. By definition, meningitis is an infection of the meninges and the subarachnoid space. Bacterial meningitis is associated with an inflammatory response that involves the meninges, the subarachnoid space, the brain parenchyma, and the cerebral arteries and veins. As such, bacterial meningoencephalitis is the more accurate descriptive term. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis of the disease. The discussion of diagnosis covers clinical manifestations, physical examination findings, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The discussion of treatment covers empirical therapy, specific antimicrobial therapy, and dexamethasone therapy. Graphs compare causative organisms and clinical manifestations of community-acquired meningitis. Illustrations depict proper patient positioning for detecting nuchal rigidity, Kernig sign, Brudzinski sign, and lumbar puncture, as well as a sagittal view of a lumbar puncture needle as it is advanced into the subarachnoid space. An algorithm delineates the approach to the patient with symptoms and signs of bacterial meningitis. Tables outline bacterial pathogens based on predisposing and associated conditions, cerebrospinal fluid diagnostic studies for meningitis, the appearance of the organism on a Gram stain, empirical antimicrobial therapy based on predisposing and associated conditions, recommendations for specific antibiotic therapy in bacterial meningitis, and recommended doses for antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of bacterial meningitis.

This chapter contains 8 figures, 13 tables, 78 references
Keywords: Bacterial meningitis, antibiotics, Kernig sign, Brudzinski sign, nuchal rigidity, headache
IDENTIFIKASI MARKA GEN KETAHANAN HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI PADA GALUR PADI INTRODUKSI DAN GALUR DIHAPLOID
Authors: Winandari Ovi Prasetya , . Aris Tjahjoleksono , Utami Dwinita Wikan 
Published: January 2021

Identification marker of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) gene resistance on introducted and dihaploid rice germplasm. Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most devastating diseases in rice. The use of BLB-resistant rice varieties is one of the most efficient ways to protect rice from this disease. BLB-resistant varieties can be produced through the breeding program by using the diverse rice germplasm. The objective of this research was to identify BLB resistance gene on 37 introducted and dihaploid rice lines derived from wide genetic background double crossing from local rice : IR54/Parekaligolara and Bio110/Markuti, by using the molekular markers. As control plant used 23 differential varieties (monogenic lines/IRBB) and TN1 (susceptible). All plants tested were inoculated by 3 selected dominant BLB races (Race III, IV dan VIII). The selected of 19 polymorphism molecular markers used to identify the BLB resistance genes on rice lines tested. The result of this research showed that 4 rice lines were resistance to all BLB races tested. Three molecular markers were specific associated with resistant gene to Race III (Xa7-STS40, Xa1-STS14 and Xa4-STS50); Race IV (Xa1-STS5, Xa4-STS50 and Xa26-STS1), and Race VIII (Xa21-STS6, Xa7-RM20590 and Xa7-STS40). These markers could be utilized for the selection process the developmen of BLB resistance rice lines breeding program.
KEMAMPUAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT TANAMAN SEMANGKA DALAM MENEKAN PERKEMBANGAN PENYAKIT BERCAK DAUN YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH JAMUR COLLETOTRICHUM SP.
Authors: Rangkuti Eryna Elfasari , Suryanto Dwi , Nurtjahja Kiki , Munir Erman 
Published: January 2021

Ability of watermelon endophytic bacteria to suppress development of leaf spot disease caused by Colletotrichum sp. A studi on assay of endophytic bacteria to control Colletotrichum sp., causal agent of leaf spot disease on watermelon, was conducted. Colletotrichum sp. was isolated from infected leaf of leaf spot disease, while endophytic bacteria were isolated from stem, leaf, and root of watermelon healthy plant. Antagonistic assay was conducted by dual culture method. Hyphal abnormalities as a result of antagonistic assay was observed using light microscope. To determine the ability of endophytic bacterial isolates to control leaf spot disease, watermelon seeds were treated by dipping the seed in endophytic bacterial suspension. Seven endophytic bacterial isolates showed to inhibit Colletotrichum sp. to some extent. Two isolates DS 01 and BS 01 showed relatively high inhibition zone compared to others, therefore were choosen for further study. Abnormal hyphae such as broken, lysis, twisted, curled, and swollen hyphae were recorded as the result of antagonistic assay. Watermelon seed treatment revealed that dipping the seed in endophytic bacterial suspension of DS 01 and BS 01 reduced leaf spot disease to 12 and 24%, but inhibited seed growth by 12% and 44%, respectively. It seemed that all treatments showed to reduce seedling performance i.e seedling height, leaf number, and dry weight, compared to that of (-) control. DS 01 however seemed to increase dry weight of watermelon plants.
Электромагнетизм и гравитация - порождение структуры частицы
Authors: Чеснаков Михаил 
Published: January 2021

Концепция, согласно которой все частицы находятся в непрерывной связи между собой, в статье дополнена концепцией развития структуры связанного состояния от простого к сложному.
Показано, как в рамках модели последовательное усложнение структуры связанного состояния гипотетических мнимых частиц приводит к появлению материальных частиц, созданного частицами сложного пространства и всевозможных форм взаимодействия. При этом оказалось возможным объединить электрические, магнитные и силы гравитации. Масса не является формой потенциальной энергии, а является одним из двух компонентов импульса. По способу и месту образования существуют спиновая, оболочечная, релятивистская и зарядовая массы. Вектор электрической составляющей фотона на самом деле оказался вектором магнитной составляющей. Из модели также следует, что взаимодействие между частицами отвечает принципу квантовой нелокальности (информация о локализации частицы проходит со скоростью выше скорости света, следовательно, свойства частиц не определенны до взаимодействия), и, так называемая, «квантованная запутанность» есть следствие этого принципа.
UPAYA PELESTARIAN BUDAYA DI TAMAN BUDAYA SAGATI
Authors: Hanum Fauziah 
Published: January 2021

Kabupaten Pangandaran merupakan salah satu destinasi tujuan wisata unggulan dari Provinsi Jawa Barat. Selain dikenal dengan wisata alamnya, tersimpan pula potensi budaya yang belum sempat dikembangkan dan keberadaaanya terlupakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana potensi Taman Budaya Sagati sebagai daya tarik wisata unggulan baru Kabupaten Pangandaran khususnya untuk wisata budaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui studi literatur, wawancara dan pengamatan langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kegiatan yang dilakukan Taman Budaya Sagati sebagai upaya untuk dapat menjadi daya tarik wisata budaya unggulan baru di Kabupaten Pangandaran ini sudah dapat dikatakan baik. Penguatan tata kelola, pengembangan pasar, pembentukan citra, pengemasan potensi yang ciamik, promosi dan penguatan kemitraan merupakan kunci sukses bagi Taman Budaya Sagati agar mampu menjadi ikon baru kebudayaan untuk Provinsi Jawa Barat yang memiliki nilai berdaya saing tinggi.
PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI WISATA UNTUK KELUARGA MELALUI AKUN INSTAGRAM @FAMILYGOERS
Authors: Eka Putri Agustina 
Published: January 2021

Media sosial hadir dalam rangkaian kehidupan dan sudah menjadi kelaziman. Berbagai kalangan berbondong-bondong menggunakan perangkat smartphone dan menggunduh berbagai aplikasi termasuk aplikasi untuk bersosial media. Karena itu, media sosial dapat dilihat sebagai medium (fasilitator) online yang menguatkan hubungan antarpengguna sekaligus sebagai sebuah ikatan sosial. Para pengguna baselayer menggunakan aplikasi Instagram sebagai media untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai penjualan baselayer. Biasanya para pengguna baselayer mem-follow (menjadi pengikut) dan mengunjungi akun-akun baselayer untuk melihat postingannya. Instagram sebagai salah satu media sosial yang dipilih dan digunakan ribuan bahkan jutaan orang dalam proses pencarian informasi yang dibutuhkannya dan adanya akun @familygoers menjadi sumber informasi traveler untuk keluarga yang diharapkan sebagai acuan oleh para followers-nya dan pengguna Instagram pada umumnya untuk mengetahui dan menjadi referensi dalam pencarian informasi untuk kegiatan pariwisata baik untuk destinasi di dalam negeri maupun di luar negeri. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Penggunaan media sosial memungkinkan wisatawan untuk mengetahui secara singkat informasi-informasi dalam hal pariwisata, karena setiap wisatawan tersebut memiliki niat dan memiliki control terhadap kegiatan berwisata yang akan dilakukannya. Kemajuan pesat teknologi, khususnya media sosial juga memberikan perubahan pesat yang revolusioner dalam sector pariwisata, dengan banyaknya informasi di internet, calon wisatawan dapat menemukan informasi yang relevan dan memadai dalam membuat keputusan berwisata yang tepat dan sesuai dengan keinginannya.Kata Kunci : Media Sosial, Instagram @falimygoers, Smart Traveler
PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA HALAL DI INDONESIA MELALUI KONSEP SMART TOURISM
Authors: Ferdiansyah Hendry 
Published: January 2021

Wisata halal di Indonesia merupakan potensi ekonomi yang unggul sebagai pemasok penerimaan negara. Banyak provinsi dan tujuan wisata telah menerapkan program pariwisata halal dan dengan terus meningkatkan jumlah wisatawan di Indonesia, pariwisata halal memiliki prospek pengembangan yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi potensi wisata halal dan mengembangkan wisata halal di Indonesia melalui konsep smart tourism. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa Indonesia memiliki populasi penduduk Muslim terbesar di dunia. Indonesia juga telah meraih penghargaan “World’s Best Halal Travel Destination” versi GMTI 2019. Sedangkan destinasi regional Indonesia yang meraih penghargaan “Best Halal Travel Destination” dari 10 destinasi halal lainnya di Indonesia versi Indonesia Muslim Travel Index 2019 dimenangkan oleh Destinasi Lombok. Lalu untuk pengembangan wisata halal di Indonesia dapat menerapkan unsur pengembangan destinasi yang ramah keluarga, layanan dan fasilitas yang ramah Muslim, sadar halal dan program pemasaran destinasi yang dapat distimulasikan dengan pemanfaatan konsep smart tourism dengan membangun unsur informativeness, accessibility interactivity, personalization untuk wisatawan Muslim.Kata kunci; wisata halal; smart tourism; Indonesia
TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT PADA ERA DIGITAL DI INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI PANGALENGAN)
Authors: Kurniawan Akbar Rizqi 
Published: January 2021

Pangalengan adalah sebuah wilayah di Kabupaten Bandung yang berjarak 40 Km dari pusat Kota Bandung. Pangalengan merupakan alternatif bagi wisatawan karena memiliki potensi agrowisata dan potensi desa. Tantangan utama dalam pengembangan pariwisata adalah tidak tersedianya sumberdaya manusia yang cukup untuk dapat mengelola pembangunan di desanya, termasuk pembangunan pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi wisata yang ada di Kecamatan Pangalengan melalui konsep pemberdayaan masyarakat. Produk wisata yang ditawarkan adalah dengan mengangkat aktivitas dan perilaku asli yang ada di Kecamatan Pangalengan sebagai strategi pengembangan wisatanya dan kemudian dibuat kerangka pengembangannya sehingga terbentuk konsep pariwisata yang berkelanjutan. Untuk mendukung hal tersebut, peningkatan kualitas sumber daya masyarakat menjadi perhatian utama sehingga masyarakat dapat menciptakan produk-produk kepariwisataan yang mampu bersaing di pasar nasional dan internasional. Dengan demikian, potensi masyarakat dan potensi pariwisata di Kecamatan Pangalengan dapat diwadahi dengan baik. Namun dengan adanya penerapan teknologi digitalisasi menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi pariwisata berbasi masyarakat terutama di Kecamatan Pangalengan yang dikenal sebagai daerah Agrowisata.
Analysis of digestive endoscopic results during COVID-19
Authors: Huang Kun , Zhao Xiaolin , Chen Xianyan , Gao Yinghui , Yu Jiufei , Wu Lili 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to explore the necessity and safety of digestive endoscopy during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study method was used to collect patients’ data from the endoscopy center of the Civil Aviation General Hospital of China from February 1 to May 31, 2020, as the observation group. The patients’ data of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment during the same period in 2019 were used as a control group, to compare the differences in the number of diagnosis and treatment and the detection rate of gastrointestinal diseases in the two groups. At the same time, patients and related staff were followed up for the situation of new infection.

Results
During the epidemic, our endoscopy center conducted a total of 1,808 cases of endoscopic operations and 5,903 cases in the control group. The amount of endoscopic work during the epidemic period was 30.63% in the same period last year. During the epidemic, 26 patients underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)/endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) treatment, 26 patients underwent ERCP, and 18 patients underwent gastrointestinal stent implantation. In the control group, 273 patients underwent EMR/ESD, 17 underwent ERCP, and 16 underwent gastrointestinal stenting. During COVID-19, compared with the same period last year, the detection rates of peptic ulcer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, and rectal cancer were significantly higher (χ
2 = 4.482, P = 0.034; χ
2 = 5.223, P = 0.006; χ
2 = 2.329, P = 0.041; χ
2 = 8.755, P = 0.003; and χ
2 = 5.136, P = 0.023). Through telephone follow-up, novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection and blood antibody detection, no patients or medical staff were infected with the novel coronavirus.

Conclusion
During COVID-19, the number of digestive endoscopic operations decreased significantly compared with the same period last year, but the detection rate of various diseases of the digestive tract increased significantly. On the basis of strict prevention and control, orderly recovery of endoscopic work is essential.
‘We’ll Help Ourselves, but What’s in It for Us?’ Conflict, Development and Social Mobility among Roma in Romania
Authors: Ivasiuc Ana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRoma-related development and policy discourse often represents the Roma development ‘subjects’ as disempowered victims. Against the pervasiveness of such narratives, a close look at the local level conflicts arising during the implementation of a World Bank development project in destitute Roma communities from Romania lays bare the strategies of unassisted social mobility in which a group of Roma engage. Not large or well-defined enough to be constituted into a real ‘class’ in sociological terms, this strategic group is made up of Roma civil servants (mediators, local experts, Romani language teachers) who negotiate their engagement in development projects on their own terms and use the material and immaterial resources that projects offer to enact their own upward social mobility. Often, though, this comes at the cost of a growing socio-economic gap between themselves and the most destitute parts of Roma communities, which complicates their involvement in development projects. The article underlines the necessity of taking into account both the strategies of unassisted social mobility of Roma development brokers, and the internal power imbalances that the development apparatus inevitably ends up producing in Roma communities.
Crimea-Related Investment Arbitration Cases against Russia before International Investment Arbitration Tribunals
Authors: Rachkov I. V. , Rachkova E. I. 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION.The article is devoted to the analysis of the position of the Russian Federation in ten investment cases initiated by Ukrainian investors after the events in Crimea in 2014. The article also highlights current trends in the issue of confidentiality of international investment disputes. The authors analyze whether Russian strategy is effective based on the experience of foreign states, and also make assumptions about the enforceability of arbitration awards. Where the tribunals rendered awards on the merits, the authors highlight the problem of recognition and enforcement, and also assess Russia’s the arguments to set aside these awards.MATERIALS AND METHODS.This study is based on arbitral awards and information from public sources,including official press releases and interviews with Russian representatives in connection with the pending investment disputes. The authors employed the historical method, as well as such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, analogy, description, modeling.RESEARCH RESULTS.The result of the study is the identification and formulation of patterns in investment disputes with respect to investments in Crimea to which Russia as a party of Russia, the identification of typical arguments of the parties and the conclusions of arbitral tribunals on this type of disputes.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS.Having analysed the awards rendered against Russia by international investment tribunals, the authors presented an overview of the parties’ arguments that were presented when the arbitration considered the issue of jurisdiction and resolved the dispute on the merits. The authors assessed these arguments in terms of their credibility on the basis of existing in international investment case-law.