bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabis und Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 – Eine
Online-Kurzbefragung während der Kontaktbeschränkungen in der
frühen Phase der Pandemie
Authors: Werse Bernd , Kamphausen Gerrit 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Erkenntnisse über Änderungen des Erwerbs und
Konsum von Cannabisprodukten während der Zeit der
Kontaktbeschränkungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2.
Methode Eine ad hoc erstellte, über Soziale Medien verbreitete
Online-Umfrage ergab 1146 vollständig ausgefüllte
Fragebögen, die quantitativ, teils auch qualitativ ausgewertet
wurden.
Ergebnisse Es wurden überwiegend Personen erreicht, die
häufig Cannabis konsumierten. Rund ein Drittel hatte während
der entsprechenden Phase der Pandemie den Konsum gesteigert, nur etwa ein
Sechstel reduziert. Mit zunehmender Dauer der Beschränkungen stieg
auch der Anteil jener, die angaben, mehr zu konsumieren. Rund die
Hälfte stellte keine Änderungen der Marktbedingungen fest,
ansonsten wurden leichte Preissteigerungen und schwerere
Verfügbarkeit beobachtet. Infektionsgefahren wurden durch diverse
Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensänderungen versucht zu
minimieren.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz gewisser Beeinträchtigungen wurde
während der betreffenden Phase der Coronapandemie häufiger
Cannabis konsumiert.
Peperomin E Induces Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Human Prostate Cancer DU145 Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Lin Min , Zhu Qiannan , Li Yunzhi , Pan Jigang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeperomin E was first isolated from Peperomia dindygulensis, an anticarcinogenic herb, and exhibited anticancer activity in many cancer cell lines. To date, it is unknown whether peperomin E has an effect on human prostate cancer DU145 cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we used MTT to assess the proliferation inhibition activity of peperomin E in DU145 cells in vitro and observed the cell morphological changes by a phase contrast microscope. A DU145 cell xenograft tumor mouse model was used to evaluate the efficacy of peperomin E in vivo. Apoptosis rates were measured by flow cytometry, and protein expression levels were analyzed by western blot. The results showed that peperomin E significantly inhibited the proliferation of DU145 cells in vitro and reduced the weight and volume of tumors in vivo. Peperomin E also significantly induced the apoptosis and autophagic response of DU145 cells. The autophagic inhibitors
LY294002 and chloroquine enhanced peperomin E-mediated inhibition of DU145 cell proliferation and induction of DU145 cell apoptosis. The results also showed that the Akt/mTOR pathway participated in peperomin E-induced autophagy in DU145 cells. In summary, our finding showed that peperomin E had an effect on DU145 cells in vitro and in a nude mouse DU145 cell xenograft model in vivo, demonstrated that peperomin E could significantly induce apoptosis and the autophagic response in DU145 cells and that autophagy played a cytoprotective role in peperomin E-treated DU145 cells. These results suggest that the combination of peperomin E treatment and autophagic inhibition has potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Developing a Methodology for Catalytic Asymmetric Crotylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Malkov Andrei V. , Rubtsov Aleksandr E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAsymmetric crotylation has firmly earned a place among the set of valuable synthetic tools for stereoselective construction of carbon skeletons. For a long time the field was heavily dominated by reagents bearing stoichiometric chiral auxiliaries, but now catalytic methods are gradually taking center stage, and the area continues to develop rapidly. This account focuses primarily on preformed organometallic reagents based on silicon and, to some extent, boron. It narrates our endeavors to design new and efficient chiral Lewis base catalysts for the asymmetric addition of crotyl(trichloro)silanes to aldehydes. It also covers the development of a novel protocol for kinetic resolution of racemic secondary allylboronates to give enantio- and diastereomerically enriched linear homoallylic alcohols. As a separate topic, cross-crotylation of aldehydes by using enantiopure branched homoallylic alcohols as a source of crotyl groups is discussed. Finally, the synthetic credentials of the developed methodology are illustrated by total syntheses of marine natural products, in which crotylation plays a key role in setting up stereogenic centers.1	Introduction2	Pyridine N-Oxides as Lewis Base Catalysts3	Bipyridine N,N′-Dioxides as Lewis Base Catalysts4	Chiral Allylating Reagents5	Synthetic Applications6	Concluding Remarks
Medical and Revascularization Management of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: An Overview
Authors: Radaideh Qais , Shammas Nicolas W. , Daher Ghassan E. , Rachwan Rayan Jo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) affects approximately 10 million Americans with 500,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Patients with SIHD are primarily managed in the outpatient setting with aggressive cardiovascular risk factor modification via medical therapy and lifestyle changes. Currently, this approach is considered as the mainstay of treatment. The recently published ISCHEMIA trial has established the noninferiority of medical therapy in comparison to coronary revascularization in patients with moderate to severe ischemia. Percutaneous coronary intervention is currently recommended for patients with significant left main disease, large ischemic myocardial burden, and patients with severe refractory angina despite maximal medical therapy.
Anti-contamination SMART (Spectrum Monitoring Apparatus with Roll-to-roll Transparent film) window for optical diagnostics of plasma systems
Authors: Kim Jongyoon , Lee Kang-Il , Jeong Hyun-Young , Lee Ji-Hoon , Choi Yong Sup 
Published: January 2021

Optical emission spectroscopy is widely used in semiconductor and display manufacturing for plasma process monitoring. However, because of the contamination of the viewport, quantitative analysis is extremely difficult; therefore, qualitative analysis is used to detect species in the process. To extend plasma monitoring in advanced precise processes, the contamination problem of the viewport must be solved. We propose a new spectrum monitoring apparatus with a roll-to-roll transparent film window for optical diagnostics of a plasma system. By moving a transparent film in front of the viewport, contamination in the emission light path becomes negligible. However, the speed of the film should be optimized to reduce the maintenance period and to minimize measurement errors. We calculated the maximum thickness of SiO2, Si3N4, ITO, and the Ar/CHF3 plasma contaminant to suppress the electron temperature error measured by the line-intensity-ratio within 2% at 2 eV. The thickness of the Si3N4, ITO, and Ar/CHF3 plasma contaminant should be thinner than 12.5 nm, 7.5 nm, and 100 nm, respectively.
Prospects for multimodal visualisation of biological tissues using fluorescence imaging
Authors: Tuchina D.K. , Meerovich I.G. , Sindeeva O.A. , Zherdeva V.V. , Kazachkina N.I. , Solov’ev I.D. , Savitsky A.P. , Bogdanov A.A. , Tuchin V.V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate skin optical clearing in laboratory animals ex vivo and in vivo by means of low-molecular-weight paramagnetic contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a radiopaque agent used in computed tomography (CT) to increase the sounding depth and image contrast in the methods of fluorescence laser imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The diffusion coefficients of the MRI agents Gadovist®, Magnevist®, and Dotarem®, which are widely used in medicine, and the Visipaque® CT agent in ex vivo mouse skin, are determined from the collimated transmission spectra. MRI agents Gadovist® and Magnevist® provide the greatest optical clearing (optical transmission) of the skin, which allowed: 1) an almost 19-fold increase in transmission at 540 nm and a 7 – 8-fold increase in transmission in the NIR region from 750 to 900 nm; 2) a noticeable improvement in OCT images of skin architecture; and 3) a 5-fold increase in the ratio of fluorescence intensity to background using TagRFP-red fluorescent marker protein expressed in a tumour, after application to the skin of animals in vivo for 15 min. The obtained results are important for multimodal imaging of tumours, namely, when combining laser fluorescence and OCT methods with MRI and CT, since the contrast agents under study can simultaneously enhance the contrast of several imaging methods.
Deubiquitinating enzyme amino acid profiling reveals a class of ubiquitin esterases
Authors: De Cesare Virginia , Carbajo Lopez Daniel , Mabbitt Peter D. , Fletcher Adam J. , Soetens Mathieu , Antico Odetta , Wood Nicola T. , Virdee Satpal 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Ubiquitination involves the covalent attachment of the protein ubiquitin to substrates. It can be reversed by the action of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), thereby providing an important layer of regulation. Originally believed to be restricted to lysine residues, it is emerging that additional amino acids, including serine, threonine and cysteine, are also modified. It remains unknown which DUBs might target these unusual sites for deubiquitination. Herein, we develop representative model substrates and screen 53 DUBs for non-lysine activity, thereby providing important insights into DUB function. Strikingly, we find that a poorly studied DUB class has potent and highly selective serine/threonine activity. These findings suggest that non-lysine ubiquitination rivals the regulatory sophistication of its conventional counterpart and might serve distinct cellular functions.
Harnessing ultraconfined graphene plasmons to probe the electrodynamics of superconductors
Authors: Costa A. T. , Gonçalves P. A. D. , Basov D. N. , Koppens Frank H. L. , Mortensen N. Asger , Peres N. M. R. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Superconductivity and plasmonics constitute two extremely vibrant research topics, although with often nonoverlapping research communities. Here, we bridge these two active research fields by showing that graphene plasmons’ unprecedented light localization into nanometric scales can be exploited to probe the electrodynamics (including collective excitations) of superconductors. Our findings are important both from a fundamental standpoint, representing a paradigm shift (i.e., probing of Higgs modes by light fields), and also for future explorations interfacing nanophotonics with strongly correlated matter, which holds prospects for fostering additional concepts in emerging quantum technologies.
Diagenetic formation of uranium-silica polymers in lake sediments over 3,300 years
Authors: Lefebvre Pierre , Gourgiotis Alkiviadis , Mangeret Arnaud , Sabatier Pierre , Le Pape Pierre , Diez Olivier , Louvat Pascale , Menguy Nicolas , Merrot Pauline , Baya Camille , Zebracki Mathilde , Blanchart Pascale , Malet Emmanuel , Jézéquel Didier , Reyss Jean-Louis , Bargar John R. , Gaillardet Jérôme , Cazala Charlotte , Morin Guillaume 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Understanding the long-term fate of widespread noncrystalline uranium (U) species is critical to improving our knowledge of U biogeochemistry and U-contaminated environments. We use naturally U-enriched lake sediments that have been deposited for thousands of years as an analogue for the progressive evolution of contaminated environments, in order to uncover if noncrystalline species may evolve into more resistant crystalline phases. We combine multidisciplinary tools including U isotope ratio and speciation techniques to describe a mineralogical transformation where organic-bound U evolves into polymeric and nanocrystalline uranium-silica phases that are still easily remobilized even 3,300 y after their deposition. These findings bring an interpretation that illuminates an active debate on uranium mobility in the environment.
Langue de bois, or, discourse in defense of an offshore financial center
Authors: Weeks Samuel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article brings together trends in Critical Discourse Analysis dating from the 1980s – which examine how
language use and ideologies (re)produce social inequality – with current research in the social sciences on neoliberalism and
other emerging politico-economic formations. The article addresses such a problematic with an empirical case: the language
strategies, dubbed langue de bois, that people affiliated with Luxembourg’s offshore financial center employ to
justify their practices. The contribution herein surveys the political rationality of the country’s financial center by analyzing
the langue de bois that its representatives and boosters use. These language strategies, furthermore, enable
Luxembourg’s finance elites to socialize the domestic public’s understanding of their activities.
‘We need to talk about the hegemony of the left’
Authors: Boukala Salomi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article seeks to explore the discursive rediscovery of the left menace and the ideological relevance between the far right and the right wing in Greece in times of political turmoil. Drawing on some historical aspects of modern Greece, first, I intend to explain the resurgence of Greece’s divided past. By emphasising references to Gramsci and the ‘hegemony of the left’, the article investigates the discursive construction of ingroups and outgroups on the basis of haunted memories of modern Greek history. By synthesising the Discourse Historical Approach and the concept of Aristotelian topos, I explicate how Gramsci has been re-utilised in an extreme right context by Greek far-right figures in order to stigmatise their ideological opponents. In a second step, my aim is to study the normalisation of political enmity by highlighting far-right discourses’ resemblance to New Democracy’s members’ rhetoric through references to Greek culture and economic imaginaries.
Combined relationship of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour with the prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases: data from 52,675 Brazilian adults and elderly
Authors: Bertuol Cecília , Tozetto Willen Remon , Streb Anne Ribeiro , Del Duca Giovani Firpo 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to verify the association between the combined relationship of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour (SB) at leisure‐time and the prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in Brazilian adults and elderly. This is a cross‐sectional study, derived from the VIGITEL system, with individuals ≥18 years old (n = 52,675). The presence of NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, and obesity) and the independent variables were defined by self‐report. Binary logistic regression was used. While adults with the presence of, at least, one risky behaviour had a higher odds to have obesity (OR active + high SB: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.01;1.54; OR inactive + low SB: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.25;1.73; OR inactive + high SB: 1.77; 95%CI: 1.47;2.12), the elderly had an increased risk for this outcome only when classified as inactive (OR inactive + low SB: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.17;1.75; OR inactive + high SB: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.47;2.38). Inactive adults with low SB were more likely to have diabetes (OR inactive + low SB: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.00;1.71) and hypertension (OR inactive + low SB: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.08;1.46), while physical inactivity was again more strongly associated with these outcomes in the elderly, for diabetes (OR inactive + low SB: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.02;1.48; OR inactive + high SB: 1.75; 95%CI: 1.39;2.19), and hypertension (OR inactive + low SB: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.05;1.41; OR inactive + high SB: 1.60; 95%CI: 1.33;1.94) Both leisure‐time behaviours carry a high risk of the prevalence of different NCDs, however, physical inactivity, isolated or combined, showed a greater association with the evaluated outcomes.Highlights
This cross‐national survey included representative sample of people ≥18 years old.
Adults with at least one evident risky behavior had a higher chance of obesity.
Inactive adults with low sedentary behavior had higher chances for diabetes and hypertension.
Physical inactivity was more strongly associated with all diseases in the elderly.
Enhanced magnetic Lorentz force second harmonic generation originating from a double-resonances plasmonic metasurface
Authors: Yang Guanghui , Li Zixiang , Kang Qianlong , Guo Kai , Zhang Han , Guo Zhongyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Artificial second harmonic generation (SHG) based on magnetic Lorentz force has attracted abundant attention from researchers because of the initial breakthrough in physics. It is still a challenging task to boost this type of SHG emission due to the relative lower efficiency and the specific polarization of artificial SHG. Here, we demonstrate an effective way to enhance the magnetic Lorentz force-based SHG in a double-resonances plasmonic metasurface. The design of our method is twofold: firstly, a dark resonance at fundamental frequency and a bright resonance at second harmonic frequency (SHF); secondly, polarization consistency between the bright resonance and the SHF signal. The results demonstrate that the SHF conversion efficiency of this mode-matching plasmonic metasurface can reach 1.4 × 10−9, which is enhanced by a factor of 5.17 compared to the case without the mode-matching mechanism. This high efficiency and free design of a plasmonic metasurface offer a promising way for the applications of nonlinear optics.
Image-level supervised segmentation for human organs with confidence cues
Authors: Chen Zhang , Tian Zhiqiang , Zheng Yaoyue , Si Xiangyu , Qin Xulei , Shi Zhong , Zheng Shuai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Image segmentation for human organs is an important task for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Current deep learning-based methods are fully supervised and need pixel-level labels. Since the medical images are highly specialized and complex, the work of delineating pixel-level segmentation masks is very time-consuming. Weakly supervised methods are then chosen to lighten the workload, which only needs physicians to determine whether an image contains the organ regions of interest. These weakly supervised methods have a common drawback, in that they do not incorporate prior knowledge that alleviates the lack of pixel-level information for segmentation. In this work, we propose a weakly supervised method based on prior knowledge for the segmentation of human organs. The proposed method was validated on three data sets of human organ segmentation. Experimental results show that the proposed image-level supervised segmentation method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.
Modeling complex particles phase space with GAN for Monte Carlo SPECT simulations: a proof of concept
Authors: Sarrut D , Etxebeste A , Krah N , Létang JM 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A method is proposed to model by a generative adversarial network the distribution of particles exiting a patient during Monte Carlo simulation of emission tomography imaging devices. The resulting compact neural network is then able to generate particles exiting the patient, going towards the detectors, avoiding costly particle tracking within the patient. As a proof of concept, the method is evaluated for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and combined with another neural network modeling the detector response function (ARF-nn). A complete rotating SPECT acquisition can be simulated with reduced computation time compared to conventional Monte Carlo simulation. It also allows the user to perform simulations with several imaging systems or parameters, which is useful for imaging system design.
Advanced electromagnetic modeling of large-scale high-temperature superconductor systems based on H and T-A formulations
Authors: Berrospe-Juarez Edgar , Trillaud Frederic , Zermeño Víctor M R , Grilli Francesco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The development of the high-temperature superconductors (HTS) has allowed the emergence of diverse superconductor devices. Some of these devices, like wind power generators and high-field magnets, are classified as large-scale HTS systems, because they are made of several hundreds or thousands of turns of conductors. The electromagnetic analysis of such systems cannot be addressed by means of the available analytical models. The finite-element method has been extensively used to solve the H formulation of the Maxwell’s equations, thus far with great success. Nevertheless, its application to large scale HTS systems is still hindered by excessive computational load. The recently proposed T-A formulation has allowed building more efficient models for systems made of HTS tapes. Both formulations have been successfully applied in conjunction with the homogenization and multi-scaling methods, these advanced methods allow reducing the required computational resources. A new advanced method, called densification, is proposed here. The most important contribution of this article is the comprehensive comparison of the strategies emerged from the combined use of the two formulations and the three advanced methods.
Scanning Raman spectroscopy for inline characterization of 2G-HTS conductors
Authors: Castaneda Nathaly , Majkic Goran , Robles Francisco C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report on a feasibility study of using Raman micro-spectroscopy as a characterization method for quality control of

REB

a

2

C

u

3

O

7
−
δ

(REBCO, rare-earth barium copper oxide) coated conductors (CC). Fragments of long REBCO tape deposited using advanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition with dropouts in critical current (I
c) were analyzed implementing Raman spectroscopy in area scan (map) and linear scan modes, in order to evaluate the level of information obtainable with the technique. The areal maps have been found to provide detailed information on the spatial distribution of the sample quality, providing maps of both intensity and wavelength shift characteristic of Raman-active peaks. The maps readily identify defective regions ranging from completely misoriented a-axis domains (REBCO a-axis || sample normal), as well as regions with well-textured c-axis orientation (REBCO c-axis || sample normal) but with significant variation in cation disorder. The results are complemented with linear scans carried out by two-dimensional x-ray diffraction, which do identify the a-axis grain regions but do not detect any apparent anomaly in the cation-disordered region detected by Raman micro-spectroscopy. The results indicate that scanning Raman spectroscopy has the potential to be utilized as a fast, insightful, and reliable characterization, quality, and process control technique for both CC optimization and increase of manufacturing yield.