bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid construct superhydrophobic microcracks on the open-surface platform for droplet manipulations
Authors: Lin Wan-Hsuan , Chen Chien-Wei , Wang Sheng-Hang , Li Bor-Ran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDroplet-based transport driven by surface tension has been explored as an automated pumping source for several biomedical applications. This paper presented a simple and fast superhydrophobic modify and patterning approach to fabricate various open-surface platforms to manipulate droplets to achieve transport, mixing, concentration, and rebounding control. Several commercial reagents were tested in our approach, and the Glaco reagent was selected to create a superhydrophobic layer; laser cutters are utilized to scan on these superhydrophobic surface to create gradient hydrophilic micro-patterns. Implementing back-and-forth vibrations on the predetermined parallel patterns, droplets can be transported and mixed successfully. Colorimetry of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) mixing with substrates also reduced the reaction time by more than 5-times with the help of superhydrophobic patterned chips. Besides, patterned superhydrophobic chips can significantly improve the sensitivity of colorimetric glucose-sensing by more than 10 times. Moreover, all bioassays were distributed homogeneously within the region of hydrophilic micropatterns without the coffee-ring effect. In addition, to discuss further applications of the surface wettability, the way of controlling the droplet impacting and rebounding phenomenon was also demonstrated. This work reports a rapid approach to modify and patterning superhydrophobic films to perform droplet-based manipulations with a lower technical barrier, higher efficiency, and easier operation. It holds the potential to broaden the applications of open microfluidics in the future.
Microcontinent subduction and S-type volcanism prior to India–Asia collision
Authors: Yang Zongyao , Tang Juxing , Santosh M. , Zhao Xiaoyan , Lang Xinghai , Wang Ying , Ding Shuai , Ran Fengqin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContinental crust has long been considered too buoyant to be subducted beneath another continent, although geophysical evidence in collision zones predict continental crust subduction. This is particularly significant where upper continental crust is detached allowing the lower continental crust to subduct, albeit the mechanism of such subduction and recycling of the upper continental crust remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate Paleocene S-type magmatic and volcanic rocks from the Linzizong volcanic succession in the southern Lhasa block of Tibet. These rocks exhibit highly enriched 87Sr/86Sr, 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb together with depleted 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios. The geochemical and isotopic features of these rocks are consistent with those of modern upper continental crust. We conclude that these Paleocene S-type volcanic and magmatic rocks originated from the melting of the upper continental crust from microcontinent subduction during the late stage of India–Asia convergence.
Fluid shear stress regulates placental growth factor expression via heme oxygenase 1 and iron
Authors: Rashdan Nabil A. , Zhai Bo , Lovern Pamela C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreased fluid shear stress (FSS) is a key initiating stimulus for arteriogenesis, the outward remodeling of collateral arterioles in response to upstream occlusion. Placental growth factor (PLGF) is an important arteriogenic mediator. We previously showed that elevated FSS increases PLGF in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent fashion both in vitro and ex vivo. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme that is upregulated by stress and has arteriogenic effects. In the current study, we used isolated murine mesentery arterioles and co-cultures of human coronary artery endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) to test the hypothesis that HO-1 mediates the effects of FSS on PLGF. HO-1 mRNA was increased by conditions of increased flow and shear stress in both co-cultures and vessels. Both inhibition of HO-1 with zinc protoporphyrin and HO-1 knockdown abolished the effect of FSS on PLGF. Conversely, induction of HO-1 activity increased PLGF. To determine which HO-1 product upregulates PLGF, co-cultures were treated with a CO donor (CORM-A1), biliverdin, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), or iron-nitrilotriacetic acid (iron-NTA). Of these FAC and iron-NTA induced an increase PLGF expression. This study demonstrates that FSS acts through iron to induce pro-arteriogenic PLGF, suggesting iron supplementation as a novel potential treatment for revascularization.
Prognostic significance of the systemic immune-inflammation index in pancreatic carcinoma patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xiaocheng , Lin Huapeng , Ouyang Renbin , Yang Yaowei , Peng Jing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a prognostic indicator for several malignancies, including pancreatic carcinoma; however, there is no consensus on its significance. In the current study, a systematic meta-analysis was used to explore the correlation between SII and prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma patients.
Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were screened from inception to May 2020. Studies describing the prognostic role of SII in pancreatic carcinoma were then retrieved. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random- or fixed-effects models to determine the correlation between SII and prognosis.
Results: A total of four studies, comprising 1749 patients, met the inclusion criteria of the study and were therefore included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that high SII indicated was correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in patients with pancreatic carcinoma (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.24–1.65, P&lt;0.001). These findings were validated through subgroup analyses, stratified by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. In addition, patients with high SII showed poorer cancer-specific survival (HR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.55–3.48, P&lt;0.001). However, analysis showed no significant correlations between SII and disease-free and relapse-free survival (RFS).
Conclusion: These findings indicate that SII is a potential non-invasive and a promising tool for predicting clinical outcomes of pancreatic carcinoma patients. However, the current research did not explore whether neoadjuvant therapy has an effect on the prognostic value of SII. Further studies using adequate designs and larger sample sizes are required to validate these findings.
Hybrid Telepractice Delivery of Enhanced Milieu Teaching: Effects on Caregiver Implementation and Child Communication
Authors: Quinn Emily D. , Kaiser Ann P. , Ledford Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This study investigated the effects of enhanced milieu teaching (EMT) on caregiver implementation of language support strategies and child communication skills using a hybrid telepractice service delivery model.

Method
Four caregivers and children with language delays aged 18–27 months participated in a multiple baseline across behaviors single-case research design. The therapist provided EMT to each caregiver–child dyad using a hybrid telepractice service delivery model with approximately 40% in-person and 60% telepractice sessions. Caregivers were taught to use five EMT language support strategies: matched turns, target talk, expansions, time delays, and milieu teaching episodes. Caregiver instruction followed the Teach–Model–Coach–Review approach. Caregiver outcomes were two measures of EMT implementation fidelity, accuracy, and frequency of EMT strategy use. Accuracy was measured by the percentage of spoken turns in which caregivers used each strategy correctly. Frequency was measured by the number of spoken turns in which caregivers used each strategy correctly. Child outcomes were number of communication acts, weighted count of communication acts, and number of different words.

Results
There was a functional relation between the intervention and the accuracy of EMT strategy use for all four dyads, and the frequency of strategy use for three dyads. Caregiver use of EMT strategies maintained for 6 weeks post-intervention. After caregivers learned EMT strategies, gradual increases in the number of communication acts, weighted count of communication acts, and number of different words occurred for three children.

Conclusion
Results demonstrate the preliminary efficacy of using a hybrid telepractice service delivery model to teach caregivers EMT language support strategies.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14977605
Irony Comprehension in Children With Cochlear Implants: The Role of Language Competence, Theory of Mind, and Prosody Recognition
Authors: Panzeri Francesca , Cavicchiolo Sara , Giustolisi Beatrice , Di Berardino Federica , Ajmone Paola Francesca , Vizziello Paola , Donnini Veronica , Zanetti Diego 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Aims of this research were (a) to investigate higher order linguistic and cognitive skills of Italian children with cochlear implants (CIs); (b) to correlate them with the comprehension of irony, which has never been systematically studied in this population; and (c) to identify the factors that facilitate the development of this competence.

Method

We tested 28 Italian children with CI (mean chronological age = 101 [
SD
= 25.60] months, age range: 60–144 months), and two control groups of normal-hearing (NH) peers matched for chronological age and for hearing age, on a series of tests assessing their cognitive abilities (nonverbal intelligence and theory of mind), linguistic skills (morphosyntax and prosody recognition), and irony comprehension.

Results
Despite having grammatical abilities in line with the group of NH children matched for hearing age, children with CI lag behind both groups of NH peers on the recognition of emotions through prosody and on the comprehension of ironic stories, even if these two abilities were not related.

Conclusions
This is the first study that targeted irony comprehension in children with CI, and we found that this competence, which is crucial for maintaining good social relationships with peers, is impaired in this population. In line with other studies, we found a correlation between this ability and advanced theory of mind skills, but at the same time, a deeper investigation is needed, to account for the high variability of performance in children with CI.
A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis of Parental Experiences and Perceptions of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for Preschool Children With Communication Difficulties
Authors: O'Toole Ciara , Lyons Rena , Houghton Catherine 
Published: July 2021

PurposeParent–child interaction therapy refers to a number of interventions mediated by trained parents to treat developmental difficulties, including speech, language, and communication. Understanding the experiences of parents who take part in parent–child interaction therapy is a key aspect of determining how this intervention can be implemented successfully. However, to date, there has been limited work on synthesizing parental views of this intervention.MethodWe used qualitative evidence synthesis that involved searching the literature for qualitative studies addressing the experiences and perceptions of parent–child interaction therapy for parents of preschool children with communication difficulties. We identified 27 studies (from 32 publications) and synthesized the data using thematic synthesis. We appraised the quality of included studies using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and assessed our confidence in the review findings using GRADE Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (CERQual).ResultsAt the beginning of this intervention, parents may have competing demands and varied expectations about the intervention. Their engagement is facilitated when the intervention is tailored to their individual family, their preferences for learning, and when they have a trusting relationship with the clinician. At the end of the intervention, although most parents perceive an improvement in their child's communication and feel empowered to facilitate this, they have concerns about their child's future needs.ConclusionsIt is important that clinicians explore parents' readiness for this intervention by discussing their needs and preferences openly, and that they facilitate their engagement through a supportive relationship. They also need to consider how parents will transition out of the intervention and continue to support their child's language development.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14978454
Hepatoprotective Impact of Ghrelin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced
Toxicity in the Male Mice
Authors: Khordad Elnaz , Alipour Fatemeh , Pourabbas Mahdieh , Mansouri Somaieh , Salimnejad Ramin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Despite its vast spectrum of clinical usage, cyclophosphamide
(CP) exerts many adverse impacts, including hepatotoxicity. Antioxidant
properties of ghrelin might protect the liver from CP-induced toxicity. The
current study aimed to assess the protective impacts of ghrelin on CP-induced
liver toxicity.
Methods Forty male mice were randomly divided into four groups
(n=10) Group 1 as control received no intervention,group 2 received
cyclophosphamide (CP) (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for five weeks and once
a week. Group 3 received CP+ghrelin (CP+G),
(80 µg/kg daily, i.p.) for five weeks. Group 4 received
ghrelin with above-mentioned dose. At the end of the experiment, the mice were
sacrificed to remove liver tissuesfor histological and biochemical
examination.
Results Malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased after CP treatment but
ghrelin administration significantly decreased the level of MDA
(P<0.05). Measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) noted a
significant decrease in the CP group against the control group (P<0.05).
Ghrelin treatment in the CP+G group considerably increased the TAC
activity when compared to the CP group (P<0.05). Histological
examinations also confirmed the hepatocyte necrosis, local bleeding and
inflammation, vacuolation, and sinusoidal dilation in the CP group, ghrelin
administration reduced the destructive effects of CP on the liver significantly
(P<0.05).
Conclusion Our results reveal the hepatoprotective effect of ghrelin
against CP. Therefore, ghrelin might be useful in protecting the body against
the adverse impacts of injuries induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.
Novel Antidiabetic Strategies and Diabetologists' Views in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Kahl Sabine , Pützer Jennifer , Roden Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide with high prevalence, especially in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Among individuals with type 2 diabetes, the severe insulin resistant subgroup has the greatest risk of NAFLD, likely due to dysfunctional adipose tissue mass but also genetic factors, and may progress earlier to inflammatory and profibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH has been associated with increased liver-related as well as cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. International diabetes associations recommend certain screening and treatment strategies for NASH in type 2 diabetes, which, however, bear several limitations such as lack of accurate noninvasive diagnostic tools and targeted treatments. Currently, antihyperglycemic drug concepts based on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors offer metabolic as well as cardiorenal benefits and provide treatment options for both hyperglycemia and NASH in type 2 diabetes.
Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve in Relation to the Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Kanakamedala Ajay C. , Mahure Siddharth A. , Bloom David A. , Mojica Edward , Kirby David J. , Castañeda Pablo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrior studies have examined the role of hip and knee positioning, specifically hip extension and knee flexion, to reduce the risk of sciatic nerve palsy during the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy. They have qualitatively noted that the sciatic nerve moves farther from the connection between the ischial and posterior column osteotomies in hip extension than flexion but has not precisely measured this change in position. This cadaveric study aimed to quantitatively evaluate how hip positioning affects the location of the sciatic nerve relative to the connection between the ischial and posterior column osteotomies. We dissected four cadaveric specimens (three females and one male) with a mean age of 83.0 ± 7.8. An anterior Smith–Peterson approach was performed to allow the cuts for the periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). A posterolateral approach was taken to identify the sciatic nerve and its emergence from the pelvis. Measurements were performed on the width of the posterior column and, in both hip flexion and extension, the distance from the emergence of the sciatic nerve from the pelvis to the connection point between the ischial and posterior column osteotomies. Each measurement was performed independently by two observers. All data are reported as a mean ± standard deviation (range). The width of the posterior column was 4.84 ± 0.48 cm (range: 4.20–5.35 cm). The distances from the sciatic nerve's emergence to the osteotomy connection point in extension and flexion were 4.73 ± 0.79 and 2.93 ± 0.85 cm, respectively. The distance from the sciatic nerve's emergence to the osteotomy connection point was significantly greater in hip extension than hip flexion (p = 0.021). When the hip is flexed, the distance from the sciatic nerve to the posterior column osteotomy connection point is significantly less than when it is in extension. This anatomic finding is essential for surgical safety, as it provides further evidence on the importance of positioning for reducing the risk of sciatic nerve injury during a PAO.
Polarization analysis of random THz lasers
Authors: Di Gaspare Alessandra , Vitiello Miriam S. 
Published: July 2021

By varying the geometrical filling factor from 8% to 12% and the hole radius from 3 to 5 µm, we investigate the interference pattern of a set of surface emitting, electrically pumped random lasers (RLs) at terahertz frequencies employing a surface pattern of random holes, studying the polarization of the emitted modes, the spectral emission, and the power extraction. By funneling the laser beams onto a wire grid polarizer, we demonstrate spectral reshaping of the RL emission and of the far-field profile, achieving highly collimated emission (5° × 3° angular divergence) and a spectral coverage of 340 GHz with up to 11 random lasing modes. The polarization analysis of the far-field and spectral characteristics of the laser offer an interesting tool to investigate the complex behavior of quantum cascade RLs, providing a route to engineer the emission of RLs in more detail.
Nuclear envelope budding is a response to cellular stress
Authors: Panagaki Dimitra , Croft Jacob T. , Keuenhof Katharina , Larsson Berglund Lisa , Andersson Stefanie , Kohler Verena , Büttner Sabrina , Tamás Markus J. , Nyström Thomas , Neutze Richard , Höög Johanna L. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
A defining feature of eukaryotes is the nuclear envelope, a double lipid bilayer that serves to isolate and protect the cell’s genetic material. Transport of large molecules over this barrier is believed to occur almost exclusively via the nuclear pores. However, herpes virions and mega-ribonucleoproteins (megaRNPs) use an alternative means of transport—via nuclear envelope budding (NEB). Here, we show NEB is a ubiquitous eukaryotic phenomenon and increases when exposed to various forms of cellular stress. NEB frequency was maximal when the cell was challenged with a drug that induces protein misfolding, indicating this transport pathway plays a role in protein quality control. These results imply that NEB is an underappreciated yet potentially fundamental means of nuclear transport.
Mean-performance of sharp restart: II. Inequality roadmap
Authors: Eliazar Iddo , Reuveni Shlomi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Restarting a deterministic process always impedes its completion. However, it is known that restarting a random process can lead to an opposite outcome—expediting completion. Hence, the effect of restart is contingent on the underlying statistical heterogeneity of the process’ completion times. To quantify this heterogeneity we introduce a novel approach to restart research: the methodology of inequality indices, which is widely applied in economics and in the social sciences to measure income and wealth disparities. Utilizing this approach we establish an ‘inequality roadmap’ for the mean-performance of sharp restart: a whole new set of universal inequality criteria that determine when restart with sharp timers (i.e. with fixed deterministic timers) impedes/expedites mean completion. The criteria are based on key Lorenz-curve inequality indices including Bonferroni, Gini, and Pietra. From a practical perspective, the criteria offer researchers highly useful tools to tackle the common real-world situation in which only partial information of the completion-time statistics is available. From a theoretical perspective, the criteria yield—with unprecedented precision and resolution—a powerful and overarching take-home-message: restart impedes/expedites mean completion when the underlying statistical heterogeneity is low/high, respectively. As sharp restart can match the mean-performance of any other restart protocol, the results established here apply to restart research at large.
Increasing the environmental safety of the initiating explosives production
Authors: Zainullin A M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The possibility of wastewater treatment from the initiating explosives production by physicochemical methods is shown by examples: lead trinitroresorcinate, diazodinitroquinone, kalium salt of 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan. Discovered, that the improvement of wastewater treatment methods of these industries allows to achieve high performance (treatment efficiency is more than 95%).
Determination the phase contact surface size of nitric acid with ammonia neutralization process for the ammonium nitrate production
Authors: Sakharov I U , Makhotkin A F , Sakharov U N , Makhotkin I A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Neutralization process of 64% nitric acid solution with 90% gaseous ammonia has been investigated. Kinetics of nitric acid solutions neutralization process with ammonia investigation was carried out on batch apparatus model. The contact surface minimum area value for the process at adjusted productivity has been determined. The process ways of intensify have been formulated.
A Study of Zn2+ ions adsorption by native and chemically modified pea (Pisum sativum) pods
Authors: Galimova RZ , Shaikhieva K I , Stepanova SV , Kraysman NV 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with a study of Zn2+ ions adsorption by native and modified fine-cut pea (Pisumsativum) pod shells. The sorption material under study was treated using 1%, 2% and 3% NaOH or H2SO4 solutions. Isotherms of Zn2+ ions adsorption by native and treated pea pod shells were plotted and calculated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tyomkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. It was determined that the isotherm of zinc ions adsorption by native shells of pea pods is most accurately described by the Langmuir model, by modified shells – by the Freundlich model. According to the values of the adsorption energy and the Gibbs energy, the adsorption is a physical process. The paper provides data on the degree of crystallinity, elemental analysis, and IR spectra of native and treated pea pods.