bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and genetic analyses of two Campylobacter fetus isolates from a patient with relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis
Authors: Lynch Caoimhe T , Buttimer Colin , Epping Lennard , O'Connor James , Walsh Niamh , McCarthy Conor , O'Brien Deirdre , Vaughan Carl , Semmler Torsten , Bolton Declan , Coffey Aidan , Lucey Brigid 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal and systemic disease in humans and are well-established veterinary and economic pathogens. We report the complete genomic sequences of two C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) isolates recovered in 2017 (CITCf01) and 2018 (CITCf02) from a case of recurrent prosthetic valve endocarditis. Both were capable of growth aerobically. Their genomes were found to be highly conserved and syntenic with 99.97% average nucleotide identity (ANI) while differences in their respective sap loci defined the temporal separation of their genomes. Based on core genome phylogeny and ANI of 83 Cff genomes belonging to the previously described human-associated Cff lineage, CITCf01 and CITCf02 grouped in a clade of 11 sequence type (ST)3 Cff (including the Cff type strain NCTC 10842T). CITCf01 and CITCf02 were marked for their lack of unique genomic features when compared to isolates within the subspecies and the type strain in particular. We identified point mutations in oxidative stress response genes, among others, that may contribute to aerobiosis. We report a case of Cff causing relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis and we highlight the sap island as a polymorphic site within the genetically stable ST3 lineage, central to pathogenicity.
Warning Notes in a Learner’s Dictionary: A Study of the Effectiveness of Different Formats
Authors: Nural Sukru , Nesi Hilary , Cakar Tuna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study used an online correction task to explore the extent to which different types of warning notes in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online were heeded when users tried to correct errors in the use of L2 target words. The task was completed by 332 participants, yielding 1,819 answers produced after clicking on links to relevant entries. Warning notes were categorised in terms of their formatting features, but there were found to be inconsistencies in the way the dictionary associated different categories with different kinds of learner error. Participants judged warning notes with more visual enhancements to be more useful, but in the correction task the position of the warning notes also seemed to affect the degree to which the warnings were successfully applied. Different types of warning notes in learners’ dictionaries have not been examined previously in any depth, and the results suggest that some adjustments to formatting and placement might make them more effective.
Performance Assessment of a Rapid Molecular Respiratory Syncytial Virus Point-of-Care Test: A Prospective Community Study in Older Adults
Authors: Zuurbier Roy P , Korsten Koos , Verheij Theo J M , Butler Chris , Adriaenssens Niels , Coenen Samuel , Gruselle Olivier , Vantomme Valerie , van Houten Marlies A , Bont Louis J , Wildenbeest Joanne G ,   REspiratory Syncytial Virus Consortium in EUrope (RESCEU) Investigators, Zuurbier Roy , Korsten Koos , Verheij Theo , van Houten Marlies , Bont Louis , Wildenbeest Joanne , Adriaenssens Niels , Coenen Samuel , Butler Christopher , Pollard Andrew , Vantomme Valerie , Gruselle Olivier , Leach Amanda , Nair Harish , Campbell Harry , Beutels Philippe , Openshaw Peter , Martinon-Torres Federico , Heikkinen Terho , Meijer Adam , Fischer Thea Kølsen , van den Berge Maarten , Giaquinto Carlo , Abram Michael , Swanson Kena , Aerssens Jeroen , Demont Clarisse , Gallichan Scott , Rosen Brian , Molero Eva 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a substantial burden in older adults. Viral load in RSV-infected adults is generally lower compared to young children, which could result in suboptimal sensitivity of RSV diagnostics. Although the Xpert® Xpress Flu/RSV assay has been used in routine clinical care, its sensitivity to diagnose RSV infection in older adults is largely unknown. We aimed to compare the performance of the Xpert® Xpress Flu/RSV assay with real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in home-dwelling older adults (≥60 years of age).

Methods
Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested with Xpert® Xpress Flu/RSV and compared to RSV RT-PCR in older adults with acute respiratory tract infections with different levels of disease severity.

Results
We studied 758 respiratory samples from 561 older adults from 2 consecutive RSV seasons. Thirty-five (4.6%) samples tested positive for RSV by at least 1 of the assays, of which 2 samples were negative by Xpert® Xpress Flu/RSV and 3 samples by real-time RT-PCR. The positive percentage agreement (PPA) was 90.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.4%–96.8%) and negative percentage agreement was 99.7% (95% CI, 99.0%–99.9%). Viral loads were low (≤103 copies/mL or cycle threshold value ≥34) in all cases with discordant results for the 2 assays.

Conclusions
The PPA of Xpert® Xpress Flu/RSV compared to routine RT-PCR is high for RSV detection in home-dwelling older adults. The assay is fast and easy to use at the point of care.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03621930.
In vitro effect of synovial fluid from patients undergoing arthroplasty surgery on MRSA biofilm formation
Authors: Pant Narayan , Wallis Steven C. , Roberts Jason A. , Eisen Damon P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Bacterial biofilm is a key component in the pathogenesis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Synovial fluid has been shown to have inhibitory activity against planktonic bacteria. However, the contribution of synovial fluid in prevention of Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA) planktonic and biofilm forms is unknown.

Objectives
To test the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of synovial fluid, including that containing cefazolin, against MSSA and MRSA.

Materials and methods
We determined the antiplanktonic and antibiofilm activities of synovial fluid collected from patients given preoperative cefazolin while undergoing elective arthroplasty surgery. MICs of cefazolin were determined for planktonic and biofilm cultures of biofilm-forming strains of MSSA and MRSA.

Results
Synovial fluid inhibited planktonic and biofilm cultures of MSSA and MRSA. Cefazolin-containing synovial fluid had greater antibacterial and antibiofilm activities than the same cefazolin concentration in glucose LB (GLB) broth. MSSA and MRSA MICs of cefazolin suspended in synovial fluid were 0.7 mg/L. The MICs of cefazolin diluted in GLB broth were higher, measuring 1.4 mg/L for MSSA and 23 mg/L for MRSA.

Conclusions
Synovial fluid containing cefazolin inhibited biofilm- and planktonic-state MRSA cultures. This may explain the apparent effect of cefazolin in the prevention of MRSA PJI.
MITOL regulates phosphatidic acid-binding activity of RMDN3/PTPIP51
Authors: Ito Naoki , Takahashi Takara , Shiiba Isshin , Nagashima Shun , Inatome Ryoko , Yanagi Shigeru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The transfer of phospholipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria via the mitochondria-ER contact site (MERCS) is essential for maintaining mitochondrial function and integrity. Here, we identified RMDN3/PTPIP51, possessing phosphatidic acid (PA)-transfer activity, as a neighbouring protein of the mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MITOL/MARCH5 by proximity-dependent biotin labelling using APEX2. We found that MITOL interacts with and ubiquitinates RMDN3. Mutational analysis identified lysine residue 89 in RMDN3 as a site of ubiquitination by MITOL. Loss of MITOL or the substitution of lysine 89 to arginine in RMDN3 significantly reduced the PA-binding activity of RMDN3, suggesting that MITOL regulates the transport of PA to mitochondria by activating RMDN3. Our findings imply that ubiquitin signalling regulates phospholipid transport at the MERCS.
Bridging the Gender Participatory Gap in Water and Sanitation Rights Adjudication
Authors: Nankan Sahara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article critically examines the justifications, litigation strategies, adjudicatory mechanisms and implications for strengthening gender participatory processes in domestic enforcement of the separate but critically interlinked rights to basic water and adequate sanitation services. The article first examines how the lack of women’s full, free and meaningful participation as key stakeholders both causes and contributes to gendered deprivation by examining three early leading jurisprudential examples from South Africa, Mazibuko and Others v City of Johannesburg (2009), Nokotyana and Others v Ekurhuleni Municipality (2009) and Beja and Others v Premier of the Western Cape (2011). Employing the literature on principles of adjudication and the discourse on equality, gender and dignity, the concept of ‘gender-responsive participatory justice’ (GPJ) is then put forth as a flexible analytical and strategic tool to mitigate the ad hoc gender-sensitive considerations that remain wholly inadequate to guaranteeing equality and non-discrimination commitments in practice. In doing so, the article emphasizes the critical nexus between procedure and the substantive values and functions of these rights in the form of autonomy-based equality and agency-based dignity. In the final instance, this examination is operationalized by a preliminary applied discussion of how gender-responsive deliberative principles of participation and their accompanying values can be utilized by practitioners and policy-makers to ultimately pursue proactive ways of guaranteeing that women’s participation becomes fully integrated in water and sanitation rights implementation.
Chinese court rules for the first time that it has jurisdiction over SEP global licensing disputes
Authors: Jin Yan , Wang Chao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
OPPO v Sharp Corporation: Jurisdictional Objection in Global Rate Setting of Standard Essential Patent ((2020) Zui Gao Fa Zhi Min Xia Zhong No. 517), 19 August 2021
The Intellectual Property Court of the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) of China ruled that Chinese courts have jurisdiction over global licensing terms disputes for standard essential patent (SEP) in the communications sector.
Duplicated gallbladder with double cystic duct: hidden in plain sight
Authors: Poh Wei S , Menon Tulsi , Wijesuriya Ruwan , Misur Philip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Duplicated gallbladder with double cystic duct is a rare anomaly, with 62 cases reported including this case. We present a 76-year-old man who underwent interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy after previous conservative management of acute cholecystitis. Retrograde dissection of gallbladder was performed due to difficult access. Gallbladder was opened at Hartman’s pouch which revealed two bile-flowing structures. Cholangiogram was only successful via one of the ducts with no evidence of leak. Subtotal cholecystectomy was performed after consultation with a Hepatobiliary surgeon. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were reviewed which revealed duplicated gallbladder. CT cholangiogram was performed post-operatively, confirming two separate cystic ducts. Our case emphasizes that anatomical anomalies can still be unappreciated despite having high-resolution CT and MRCP preoperatively, which poses increased risk of biliary tree injury. Routine intraoperative cholangiogram will help avoid bile duct injuries. Literature advises that both gallbladders should be removed to avoid relapse of gallbladder disease.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: integral-field kinematics and stellar population of a sample of galaxies with counter-rotating stellar discs selected from about 4000 galaxies
Authors: Bevacqua Davide , Cappellari Michele , Pellegrini Silvia 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the integral-field kinematics and stellar population properties of 64 galaxies (61 are Early-Type galaxies; ETGs) with Counter-Rotating stellar Disks (CRD) selected from about 4000 galaxies in the MaNGA survey, based on evidence of counter-rotation or two velocity dispersion peaks in the kinematic maps. For 17 CRDs, the counter-rotating components can also be separated spectroscopically. The frequency of CRDs in MaNGA is &lt;5 per cent for ellipticals, &lt;3 per cent for lenticulars, and &lt;1 per cent for spirals (at 95 per cent confidence level), consistent with previous estimates. We produced age and metallicity maps, and compared the stellar population properties to those of the general ETGs population. We found that CRDs have similar trends in age and metallicity to ETGs, but are less metallic at low masses, and show flatter age and steeper metallicity gradients, on average. A comparison of the velocity fields of the ionized gas and the stars reveals that in 33 cases the gas corotates with either the inner (15 cases) or outer (18 cases) stellar disc, and in nine cases it is misaligned. In most cases the gas corotates with the younger disc. Evidence of multimodality in the stellar population is found in 31 galaxies, while the 14 youngest and least massive galaxies show ongoing star formation; 14 galaxies, instead, exhibit unimodality, and are the oldest and most massive. As a general result, our work indicates that CRDs form primarily via gas accretion in retrograde rotation with respect to a pre-existing stellar disc.
Copper toxicity towardsCampylobacter jejuniis enhanced by the nickel chelator dimethylglyoxime
Authors: Benoit Stéphane L , Maier Robert J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe nickel (Ni)-chelator dimethylglyoxime (DMG) was found to be bacteriostatic towards Campylobacter jejuni. Supplementation of nickel to DMG-containing media restored bacterial growth, whereas supplementation of cobalt or zinc had no effect on the growth inhibition. Unexpectedly, the combination of millimolar levels of DMG with micromolar levels of copper (Cu) was bactericidal, an effect not seen in select Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Both the cytoplasmic Ni-binding chaperone SlyD and the twin arginine translocation (Tat)-dependent periplasmic copper oxidase CueO were found to play a central role in the Cu-DMG hypersensitivity phenotype. Ni-replete SlyD is needed for Tat-dependent CueO translocation to the periplasm, whereas Ni-depleted (DMG-treated) SlyD is unable to interact with the CueO Tat signal peptide, leading to mislocalization of CueO and increased copper sensitivity. In support of this model, C. jejuni ΔslyD and ΔcueO mutants were more sensitive to copper than the wild-type (WT); CueO was less abundant in the periplasmic fraction of ΔslyD or DMG-grown WT cells, compared to WT cells grown on plain medium; SlyD binds the CueO signal sequence peptide, with DMG inhibiting and nickel enhancing the binding, respectively. Injection of Cu-DMG into Galleria mellonella before C. jejuni inoculation significantly increased the insect survival rate compared to the control group. In chickens, oral administration of DMG or Cu-DMG decreased and even abolished C. jejuni colonization in some cases, compared to both water-only and Cu-only control groups. The latter finding is important, since campylobacteriosis is the leading bacterial foodborne infection, and chicken meat constitutes the major foodborne source.
Activate dormant C–H bonds with tons of enthusiasm: an interview with Jin-Quan Yu
Authors: Zhao (赵维杰) Weijie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Synthetic chemistry is the art of molecules. By breaking and forming chemical bonds, chemists can transform one molecule into another, and provide a variety of chemicals that we use in our daily lives. Among all chemical bonds, the carbon-hydrogen (C–H) bond is one of the most common, and is present in almost every organic compound. Breaking C–H bonds and connecting the carbon atoms with other atoms or groups is an essential step for the synthesis of a large variety of chemicals—from bulk chemicals to functional materials and drug candidates. However, the C–H bond is extremely stable and difficult to break, and C–H activation and functionalization has been a challenging fundamental problem for decades.
Professor Jin-Quan Yu (余金权) from the Scripps Research Institute is one of the most active scientists in this field. His group developed a number of C–H activation catalysts—often consisting of metal centers and elaborately designed ligands—that drastically shorten the synthesis steps of diverse functional molecules and provide high reactivity and selectivity. Here, Professor Yu discussed with NSR the interesting field of C–H activation, as well as sharing reflections on his own research.
Reply to Edwards and Ogilvie: ‘Did the Black Death Cause Economic Development by “Inventing” Fertility Restriction’
Authors: Voigtländer Nico , Voth Hans-Joachim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This reply shows that Edwards’ and Ogilvie’s critique of our paper (Voigtländer and Voth, American Economic Review 2013) is based on a failure to understand the logic of our argument, a flawed reading of the historical evidence, and basic econometric mistakes. The validity of our assumptions, the mechanism of the model, and the strength of our empirical evidence stand as in our original publication.
Covid-19 in recipients of living donor liver transplantation: a worse or an equivalent outcome?
Authors: Salah M , Dabbous H M , Montasser I F , Bahaa M , Abdou A M H , Elmeteini M S 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic is representing a massive burden to the community with the new virus. There is few data regarding Covid-19 in liver transplant patients. Concerns were raised regarding the course of the disease in transplanted patients due to immunosuppression and risk of hepatic injuries.

Aim
To describe the outcomes of Covid-19 infection in recipients of living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 41 recipients of LDLT diagnosed with Covid-19 by real-time PCR or CT chest criteria of Covid-19 between April 2020 and April 2021. This Cohort was derived from Ain Shams Center for Organ Transplantation database, Ain Shams Specialized Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, which is considered one of the largest centers of LDLT in the Middle East. Patients were classified to mild, moderate, severe and critics according to clinical classification released by the National Health Commission of China.

Results
A total of 41 patients and 2 patients with reinfection were included in this cohort with mean age 54 years with 74% male and 26% female. The body mass index ranged from 19.3 to 37. About 30% were described as a mild case, 46.5% were moderate, 14% were severe and 9% were critical cases. Two cases developed infection twice. Total of 20 patients (46.5%) were managed in home isolation setting, 17 patients (39.5%) needed admission to ward, 4 patients (9%) in intermediate care unit and 2 patients (4%) admitted to intensive care unit. About 60% of cases were on room air, only 3 patients needed invasive methods, 2 patients needed face mask and 1 case needed invasive CPAP. In total, 41 patients recovered (95%) and 2 patients (5%) died; 1 was Covid related and the other one was non-Covid related. Female gender, higher BMI and hypertension were associated with severe course of the disease.

Conclusion
In the setting of LDLT, the possibilities of catching Covid-19 infection are high due to chronic immunosuppression use. Yet, the outcome of infection in term of morbidity and the needs for hospital admission or intensive care is generally matched to general population.
“Some Vital Religion”: Social Religion and the Science of Character Education in the United States, 1918–1932
Authors: McCamant Jane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe history of American public education has generally been considered as a steady transition from religious and sectarian to secular and pluralist, with the role of science in education increasing as the role of religion decreased. This article examines a conception of the role of religion in education that does not fit this narrative, the “social religion” of theorists of moral and character education in the 1920s. Relying on ideas of religious naturalism and with an orientation toward the practical effects of religious belief, this community of scholars asserted a concept of religion that would allow it to be at the heart of the common school project, uniting all under the common morality of the social good. Influenced both by liberal Protestant humanism and the scientific worldview pervasive in education reform at the time, these character educationists’ ideas remind us of the historical contingency of categories like “religious” and of the antiquity of ideas we might classify under the heading of spirituality in American culture.
Three Cases of Gastrointestinal Mucor Colonization in Patients With Prolonged Neutropenia
Authors: Seifer Charles M. , Logothetis Constantine N. , Greene John N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Mucor is a well-known opportunistic organism; however, it rarely infects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although known to transiently colonize healthy immunocompetent individuals, the incidence of mucormycosis is increasing in patients with hematologic malignancies, which can have serious consequences in an immunocompromised host. This abstract presents 3 patients from a single institution with Mucor colonization of their stool.
Each patient had a hematologic malignancy and was neutropenic when diagnosed with Mucor colonization of the stool. The duration of neutropenia ranged from 1 to 76 days with median of 31 days at the time of diagnosis. Patients were observed for symptoms of GI tract invasion, and they received antimold prophylaxis while neutropenic. Despite GI shedding, no mold sinusitis or pneumonia or gastroenteritis was noted. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis was never noted during their hospital course.
This case series emphasizes the importance of not dismissing mold colonization of the stool in a patient with prolonged neutropenia who is at high risk of invasive GI tract mucormycosis. When stool cultures grow Mucor in patients with prolonged neutropenia, anti-Mucor therapy is indicated and may prevent invasive mold infection during the period of risk.
A Retrospective Study of Febrile Neutropenia From a Cancer Hospital
Authors: Sukauichai Sitthi , Lamaikul Sopa 
Published: December 2021

Background
Fever in neutropenic patients is considered an emergency medical condition, requiring early recognition and prompt management. The aims of this study were to find the pathogen and time to antibiotic administration, and to identify predictive factors of mortality in patients with febrile neutropenia.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical manifestations, pathogenic organisms, treatment regimens, and 30-day mortality of febrile neutropenic adult patients with solid tumor admitted to a cancer hospital in Thailand from January 2014 to December 2019.

Results
We enrolled 96 episodes of febrile neutropenia. Median age was 53 years. Sixty-two patients (64.6%) were female. The 2 most common cancers were head and neck (31.2%), followed by breast (30.2%), and 69.8% of all patients were in the advanced stage. Seven patients (7.3%) died within 30 days after onset. Bacteremia occurred in 7 episodes (7.8%). Source of infection was identified in 21 patients (21.8%). Gram-negative organism accounted for 85% of bacteremia and 79% of isolated pathogen. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently identified causative organism. The most common empirical antibiotic was ceftazidime (67.7%). Median time to antibiotic administration was significantly shorter for nonsurvivors (32.5 minutes) than for survivors (62.0 minutes; P = 0.031). In the multivariate analysis, sepsis (odd ratio, 10.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.93–59.73; P = 0.007) was associated with increased 30-day mortality.

Conclusions
Gram negative was the predominant pathogen of neutropenic patients in this study. Shorter time to antibiotic administration did not contribute to a better outcome. Sepsis was an unfavorable predictive factor of death.