bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yak miR‐2285o‐3p attenuates hypoxia‐induced apoptosis by targeting caspase‐3
Authors: Zhang J. , Long K. , Wang J. , Zhang J. , Jin L. , Tang Q. , Li X. , Ma J. , Li M. , Jiang A. 
Published: November 2021

SummarymiRNAs are a class of hairpin‐derived RNAs, 21–24 nucleotides in length, which are involved in a range of biological processes. The bta‐miR‐2285 family has over 40 members spanning the entire bovine genome. We previously found that bta‐miR‐2285o‐3p was highly expressed in yak heart and lung when compared with cattle, which prompted us to investigate its potential function in high‐altitude adaptation of yaks. In this study, we detected wide‐spread high expression of bta‐miR‐2285o‐3p in yak tissues. Further experiments revealed that the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type M (PTPRM) gene was the host gene of bta‐miR‐2285o‐3p and that two linked SNPs in bta‐mir‐2285o precursor affected the biogenesis of mature miRNA (bta‐miR‐2285o‐3p). Functional analysis in vitro indicated that bta‐miR‐2285o‐3p attenuated hypoxia‐induced apoptosis by targeting very low‐density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and caspase‐3. Expression level analysis in vivo revealed the high negative Pearson’s correlation between bta‐miR‐2285o‐3p and caspase3 in yak, highlighting the potential important roles of bta‐miR‐2285o‐3p in yak high‐altitude adaptation. Our study provides a typical model for deciphering the function of miRNAs in environmental adaptation.
Fixed or mixed? Farmer‐level heterogeneity in response to changes in salinity
Authors: Uz Dilek , Buck Steven , Sunding David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study supply response to irrigation water salinity—an important and ubiquitous environmental problem facing agriculture around the world. The geographical setting is the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, a main water hub in California, where salinity is a significant part of recent policy debates over water management and infrastructure. We use highly granular farm‐level panel data on Delta farming activity to estimate two sets of response parameters using (i) standard (fixed coefficients) logit model, and (ii) a mixed (random coefficient) logit model. The mixed logit results provide evidence for heterogeneity in supply response across farmers. To put these findings in a meaningful economic context, we use the results from both models to simulate estimates for aggregate acreage responses under two alternative salinity scenarios. We implement a method to simulate individual specific responses together with their confidence intervals, which provides additional insight into the composition of farmer heterogeneity. Based on these post‐regression simulation results, we find the mixed logit model predicts an elasticity of aggregate acreage for salt‐sensitive (hence higher value) crops that is an order of magnitude larger compared to that of the standard fixed coefficients logit method. This result sheds light on category of costs likely to increase in response to rising salinity in the Delta region.
Utility of semi‐quantitative quick cortisol assay with low‐dose adrenocorticotropic hormone infusion adrenal vein sampling
Authors: Sawyer Matthew P. , Yong Eric X. Z. , Marginson Benjamin , Farrell Stephen G. , Derbyshire Maresa M. , MacIsaac Richard J. , Sachithanandan Nirupa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdrenal vein sampling (AVS) is integral to identifying surgically remediable unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA). However, right adrenal vein (AV) cannulation can be challenging, limiting its success. Intra‐procedural cortisol assays can improve the reliability of AVS. The aim of this study was to validate the use of semi‐quantitative cortisol estimates obtained utilizing a quick cortisol assay (QCA) during AVS procedures at our institution.MethodsRetrospective review of results of AVS procedures before and after the introduction of the QCA. Twenty‐three AVS procedures were performed with the provisional success determined by intra‐procedural QCA. Successful AV cannulation was defined by an AV to peripheral vein cortisol ratio ≥ 4.0 (the selectivity index) from laboratory measurements. The control cohort consisted of 23 consecutive procedures prior to introduction of the QCA.ResultsQCA correctly predicted all AV cannulation attempts. Successful bilateral AV cannulation increased from 52% to 91% of procedures when performed with the QCA (P = 0.01) and adequate cannulation of the right AV increased from 61% to 91% (P = 0.03). There was no increase in procedural time, number of AV cannulation or sampling attempts.ConclusionsPoint‐of‐care, semi‐quantitative cortisol estimates can be performed accurately during AVS with QCA, facilitating improvements in AVS success rates without increasing procedural time.
Pharmacokinetics, safety and bioequivalence of two formulations of progesterone soft capsule in healthy Chinese postmenopausal females: Impacts of a high‐fat meal
Authors: Qin Huiling , Zheng Liang , Fang Yuanyuan , Liu Yueyue , Liu Anding , Wu Jinlian , Zhu Fengjia , Chen Jing , Fan Yijun , Hu Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProgesterone is an important natural hormone regulating ovulation and menstruation. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of two formulations of progesterone in Chinese postmenopausal females under fasting and fed conditions. The study adopted a single‐dose, open‐label, randomized, three‐period bioequivalence design. A total of 96 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to the fasting cohort or fed cohort. A high‐fat meal (890 kcal) was used in the fed study. The reference‐scaled average bioequivalence method was used for bioequivalence evaluation. A high‐fat meal led to a 22‐fold higher peak concentration (Cmax) and a 7‐fold higher area under the curve (AUC) while time to reach Cmax and half‐life was not significantly affected. The concentration–time curve displayed double peaks suggesting the existence of enterohepatic circulation. The test/reference geometric mean ratios for Cmax and AUC under fasting and fed conditions are all within the range of 80% to 125%. All adverse events (AEs) that occurred during the trial were mild and did not cause drop‐out, though these AEs occurred more frequently under fed state. In conclusion, the two formulations of progesterone are bioequivalent in Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. Drug label modification regarding food effects needs further discussion.
Perceptions of ease and difficulty, but not growth mindset, relate to specific math attitudes
Authors: Mielicki Marta K. , Schiller Lauren K. , Fitzsimmons Charles J. , Scheibe Daniel , Thompson Clarissa A. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPeople report negative attitudes towards fractions and percentages relative to whole numbers (WNs, Sidney, Thompson, Fitzsimmons, & Taber, 2021), and these attitudes may relate to an individual’s interpretation of what experiences with these number types signify. Because fractions are challenging, individual differences related to beliefs about challenge, such as endorsement of a growth versus fixed mindset (Dweck, 2006) and interpretations of easy or difficult experiences (Fisher & Oyserman, 2017), could relate to attitudes towards fractions relative to other number types.AimsTwo studies tested whether gender, math skills, mindset beliefs, and perceptions of difficulty relate to negative math attitudes towards specific number types.SamplesTwo samples of college students (Study 1:N = 491; Study 2:N = 415), approximately 19 years of age (17% male, 51% first year students) participated.MethodsParticipants rated attitudes pertaining to WNs, fractions, and percentages, endorsement of a growth mindset, and perceptions of ease and difficulty.ResultsReplicating prior work (Sidney, Thompson, Fitzsimmons, & Taber, 2021), college students endorsed more negative attitudes about fractions than WNs and percentages. Self‐reported ACT scores related to all number‐type attitudes, endorsement of the belief that ‘difficult tasks/goals are important’ related to fraction attitudes, and endorsement of the belief that ‘easy tasks/goals are possible’ related to whole number attitudes. Endorsement of a growth mindset did not relate to specific math attitudes.ConclusionsPeople struggle to integrate their whole number and rational number representations, and one reason people hold negative attitudes about fractions may be that they view them as difficult and even impossible.
I could have used a lot more help than I had: A qualitative systematic review and synthesis of families’ experiences of paediatric brain tumour and schooling
Authors: Young Kate , Bowers Alison , Prain Karen , Bradford Natalie 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundBrain tumours are the most common and fatal of all solid tumours for children and adolescents. The effects of the tumour and treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery) results in significant disruptions to childhood development and large amounts of missed schooling. Among other challenges for families, this produces obstacles for children and adolescents to achieve and maintain academic performance and experience positive schooling encounters.AimsWe thus aimed to systematically identify and synthesize qualitative evidence on how families experience paediatric brain tumour from diagnosis and beyond with regards to their schooling and education to identify gaps in service delivery, research, and policy.MethodsA protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020177165). Searches were conducted in Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science, and yielded 22 eligible papers (representing 17 studies). Data were extracted into NVivo12 and analysed by qualitative description.ResultsWe formed the following domain summaries: academic (perceived failure to keep up with peers and finding success where one could, the importance of encouragement for diagnosed children), social (the importance of friendships and the harm of bullying), and support (the defining factor in overall return‐to‐school experience, often not enough received from educational professionals and clinicians). Our review highlights the need for more comprehensive, individualized, and integrated support for diagnosed children to return to educational institutions, and for the need to address their social experiences, particularly with regards to bullying, potentially through a school‐wide social and emotional learning approach.ConclusionFunding support, evidence‐based guidelines, staff skill development, and clear communication structures across families, health care facilities, schools, and educational departments are essential to achieving this.
FGFR2 loss sensitizes MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma CHP134 cells to CHK1 inhibitor–induced apoptosis
Authors: Ando Kiyohiro , Ohira Miki , Takada Ichiro , Cázares‐Ordoñez Verna , Suenaga Yusuke , Nagase Hiroki , Kobayashi Shinichi , Koshinaga Tsugumichi , Kamijo Takehiko , Makishima Makoto , Wada Satoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCheckpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) plays a key role in genome surveillance and integrity throughout the cell cycle. Selective inhibitors of CHK1 (CHK1i) are undergoing clinical evaluation for various human malignancies, including neuroblastoma. In this study, one CHK1i‐sensitive neuroblastoma cell line, CHP134, was investigated, which characteristically carries MYCN amplification and a chromosome deletion within the 10q region. Among several cancer‐related genes in the chromosome 10q region, mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) was altered in CHP134 cells and associated with an unfavorable prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma. Induced expression of FGFR2 in CHP134 cells reactivated downstream MEK/ERK signaling and resulted in cells resistant to CHK1i‐mediated cell growth inhibition. Consistently, the MEK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib, potentiated CHK1 inhibitor–mediated cell death in these cells. These results suggested that FGFR2 loss might be prone to highly effective CHK1i treatment. In conclusion, extreme cellular dependency of ERK activation may imply a possible application for the MEK1/2 inhibitor, either as a single inhibitor or in combination with CHK1i in MYCN‐amplified neuroblastomas.
Dvl2 facilitates the coordination of NF‐κB and Wnt signaling to promote colitis‐associated colorectal progression
Authors: Tang Feiyu , Cao Fuyang , Lu Can , He Xiang , Weng Liang , Sun Lunquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractColitis‐associated colorectal cancer (CAC) arises due to prolonged inflammation and has distinct molecular events compared with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Although inflammatory NF‐κB signaling was activated by pro‐inflammatory cytokines (such as TNFα) in early stages of CAC, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling later appears to function as a key regulator of CAC progression. However, the exact mechanism responsible for the cross‐regulation between these 2 pathways remains unclear. Here, we found reciprocal inhibition between NF‐κB and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in CAC samples, and the Dvl2, an adaptor protein of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, is responsible for NF‐κB inhibition. Mechanistically, Dvl2 interacts with the C‐terminus of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFRI) and mediates TNFRI endocytosis, leading to NF‐κB signal inhibition. In addition, increased infiltration of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) is responsible for upregulating Dvl2 expression through STAT6. Targeting STAT6 effectively decreases Dvl2 levels and restrains colony formation of cancer cells. These findings demonstrate a unique role for Dvl2 in TNFRI endocytosis, which facilitates the coordination of NF‐κB and Wnt to promote CAC progression.
Retracted: Multi constrained network feature approximation based secure routing for improved quality of service in mobile ad‐hoc network
Authors: Y. M. Mahaboob John , G Ravi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mobile ad‐hoc network is well studied on the routing issues, and the security constraints around achieving higher quality of service (QoS) values are well analyzed. The main task is to establish the path to the target with reliable intermediate nodes based on quality parameters because of the lack of node mobility and central management. In a multi‐constrained QoS issuance, more than the QoS requirements must be satisfied at the end of the application. There are several secure routing protocols available to improve the QoS of Manet by routing packets securely. However, they do not meet the performance requirements. To solve this problem, and efficient Multi‐Constrained Network Feature Approximation (MCNFA) technique is proposed based on safe routing. The method first determines the list of paths between source and destination. According to that, the method approximates the congestion, latency, and hop count values for each route. According to the value obtained in approximation of various parameters, the legitimate weight is computed for all the routes towards the destination. According to the value of the legitimate weight, a single route is selected to perform data transmission. The MCNFA approach improves the routing performance and increases the throughput ratio and other QoS factors. The performance of the proposed method will be assessed using NS2 simulation. The results show that the proposed scheme can maintain a longer network lifecycle in tight scenarios suitable for delay‐tolerant networking. The performance is compared with energy recognition and MCNFA technique‐based energy‐saving routing protocols in various QoS scenarios.
Biodiversity post‐2020: Closing the gap between global targets and national‐level implementation
Authors: Perino Andrea , Pereira Henrique M. , Felipe‐Lucia Maria , Kim HyeJin , Kühl Hjalmar S. , Marselle Melissa R. , Meya Jasper N. , Meyer Carsten , Navarro Laetitia M. , van Klink Roel , Albert Georg , Barratt Christopher D. , Bruelheide Helge , Cao Yun , Chamoin Ariane , Darbi Marianne , Dornelas Maria , Eisenhauer Nico , Essl Franz , Farwig Nina , Förster Johannes , Freyhof Jörg , Geschke Jonas , Gottschall Felix , Guerra Carlos , Haase Peter , Hickler Thomas , Jacob Ute , Kastner Thomas , Korell Lotte , Kühn Ingolf , Lehmann Gerlind U. C. , Lenzner Bernd , Marques Alexandra , Motivans Švara Elena , Quintero Laura C. , Pacheco Andrea , Popp Alexander , Rouet‐Leduc Julia , Schnabel Florian , Siebert Julia , Staude Ingmar R. , Trogisch Stefan , Švara Vid , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Pe'er Guy , Raab Kristina , Rakosy Demetra , Vandewalle Marie , Werner Alexandra S. , Wirth Christian , Xu Haigen , Yu Dandan , Zinngrebe Yves , Bonn Aletta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNational and local governments need to step up efforts to effectively implement the post‐2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity to halt and reverse worsening biodiversity trends. Drawing on recent advances in interdisciplinary biodiversity science, we propose a framework for improved implementation by national and subnational governments. First, the identification of actions and the promotion of ownership across stakeholders need to recognize the multiple values of biodiversity and account for remote responsibility. Second, cross‐sectorial implementation and mainstreaming should adopt scalable and multifunctional ecosystem restoration approaches and target positive futures for nature and people. Third, assessment of progress and adaptive management can be informed by novel biodiversity monitoring and modeling approaches handling the multidimensionality of biodiversity change.
Human–nature connectedness as a pathway to sustainability: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Barragan‐Jason Gladys , de Mazancourt Claire , Parmesan Camille , Singer Michael C. , Loreau Michel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInternationally agreed sustainability goals are being missed. Here, we conduct global meta‐analyses to assess how the extent to which humans see themselves as part of nature—known as human–nature connectedness (HNC)—can be used as a leverage point to reach sustainability. A meta‐analysis of 147 correlational studies shows that individuals with high HNC had more pronature behaviours and were significantly healthier than those with low HNC. A meta‐analysis of 59 experimental studies shows significant increases in HNC after manipulations involving contact with nature and mindfulness practices. Surprisingly, this same meta‐analysis finds no significant effect of environmental education on HNC. Thus, HNC is positively linked to mind‐sets that value sustainability and behaviours that enhance it. Further, we argue that HNC can be enhanced by targeted practices, and we identify those most likely to succeed. Our results suggest that enhancing HNC, via promotion of targeted practices, can improve sustainability and should be integrated into conservation policy.
Language input to infants of different socioeconomic statuses: A quantitative meta‐analysis
Authors: Dailey Shannon , Bergelson Elika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor the past 25 years, researchers have investigated language input to children from high‐ and low‐socioeconomic status (SES) families. Hart and Risley first reported a “30 Million Word Gap” between high‐SES and low‐SES children. More recent studies have challenged the size or even existence of this gap. The present study is a quantitative meta‐analysis on socioeconomic differences in language input to young children, which aims to systematically integrate decades of research on this topic. We analyzed 19 studies and found a significant effect of SES on language input quantity. However, this effect was moderated by the type of language included in language quantity measures: studies that include only child‐directed speech in their language measures find a large SES difference, while studies that include all speech in a child's environment find no effect of SES. These results support recent work suggesting that methodological decisions can affect researchers' estimates of the “word gap.” Overall, we find that young children from low‐SES homes heard less child‐directed speech than children from mid‐ to high‐SES homes, though this difference was much smaller than Hart & Risley's “30 Million Word Gap.” Finally, we underscore the need for more cross‐cultural work on language development and the forces that may contribute to it, highlighting the opportunity for better integration of observational, experimental, and intervention‐based approaches.
Follow‐up evaluation of temporomandibular joints using magnetic resonance imaging after mandibular trauma: Case series analysis of young adult males
Authors: Ku Jeong‐Kui , Baik Sung Hyun , Kim Jae‐Young , Huh Jong‐Ki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsA relationship between mandibular fractures and traumatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) conditions has been suggested in many studies. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best option for a TMJ evaluation, few studies have evaluated the TMJ condition after a mandibular fracture using MRI follow‐up. The aim of this study was to evaluate the TMJ for post‐traumatic conditions following a mandibular fracture using follow‐up MRI.Materials and MethodsFourteen TMJs of seven young adult males (aged 19–21 years) with mandibular fractures were analyzed by MRI, and 12 TMJs of six patients were evaluated by follow‐up MRI after the trauma. Regarding the intensity of MRI, the pathologic condition of TMJ was classified into acute joint inflammation, marrow edema, and joint space widening.ResultsThirteen joints (92.9%) showed pathologic conditions, including 11 with acute joint inflammation (84.6%), 10 with joint space widening (76.9%), and six with marrow edema (46.2%). Five out of 12 evaluated joints were injected with dexamethasone. Among these, four joints healed within one week, and one healed within one month. Among the seven untreated TMJs, four and one joint healed within one week and one month, respectively, but two joints of one patient did not improve until one month. Although that patient received arthrocentesis, the right joint showed osteoarthritis six months after the trauma.ConclusionsMost TMJs were acutely damaged due to mandibular trauma and healed within one week to one month. A follow‐up examination could be considered at one month after the injury to confirm the possibility of traumatic TMJ disorder, such as osteoarthritis.
Synthesis of ternary ceramics (Cr2AlC) by using biochars
Authors: Dey Maharshi , Zia Mahmoodi Negin , Javaid Sabah , Matzke Caleb , Gupta Surojit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we report the synthesis of Cr2AlC by using biochars derived from lignin, Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and hemp fibers. Initially, the powders were pyrolyzed at 1350°C for 4 h in Ar atmosphere to form biochars. The ball‐milled and sieved biochar powders were then mixed with Cr and Al powders in different stoichiometric ratios according to the C‐content of the biochars. The mixed powders were reacted at 1350°C for 4 h in Ar atmosphere. Detailed scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis showed the powders derived from hemp and DDGS biochars were > 90% pure as compared to powders derived from lignin biochar which was 76% pure. It is expected that ternary ceramics derived from biochars can be an addition avenue for carbon‐storage.