bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Sensory Processing Difficulties among Children Attending Primary School in Denmark
Authors: Nielsen Ann Natasja , Brandt Åse , la Cour Karen 
Published: March 2021

Current research shows that children with sensory processing (SP) difficulties have limited participation and enjoyment in their daily activities at school. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of SP difficulties among Danish children and to explore possible associated factors. Since SP difficulties can affect children’s prerequisites for participation in school activities and learning possibilities, this study focused on primary school children. Method. The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. The sample consisted of 1723 children age 5 to 11 years, who were attending Danish public school (45.5% girls, 53.2% boys). The parents or caregivers of the child completed a Short Sensory Profile (SSP) questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire. One-way ANOVA was used to examine differences between girls and boys regarding sports, geographic area, and parental level of education. Chi-square analysis was used to explore the relationship between sex and SPP scores in the different behavioral sections. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate possible associations between SP difficulties and sex and the included demographics. Results. A total of 21.3% of the children had SSP scores suggesting SP difficulties. Boys had a higher probability of having SP difficulties than girls (

odds

ratio

OR

=
1.55

, confidence level (Cl): 1.22, 1.97). An association was found between participating in sports outside of school and SP difficulties (

OR
=
0.55

, Cl: 0.47, 0.65 (

p
≤
0.001

)). Additionally, a slight association between SP difficulties and parental education level (

OR
=
0.80

) was found. No association was found regarding geographic area, i.e., where in Denmark the children attended school (

OR
=
1.00

). Conclusion. The study results suggest that approximately 20% of the children in Danish public schools might have SP difficulties and over 20% might be at risk of having SP difficulties. The results suggest that Danish schools should focus on both identifying children with SP difficulties and implement interventions such as sensory integration through occupational therapy to help children with SP difficulties, in order to improve their ability to participate and learn from school activities.
Deficiency of MMP1a (Matrix Metalloprotease 1a) Collagenase Suppresses Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Fletcher Elizabeth K. , Wang Yanling , Flynn Laura K. , Turner Susan E. , Rade Jeffrey J. , Kimmelstiel Carey D. , Gurbel Paul A. , Bliden Kevin P. , Covic Lidija , Kuliopulos Athan 
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Destruction of arterial collagen allows monocyte and macrophage infiltration leading to atherosclerotic plaque formation, but it is not clear what role the MMP1 (matrix metalloprotease 1) collagenase plays in this process in vivo. To define the specific contribution of MMP1 to atherosclerotic plaque burden and pathogenesis, we generated ApoE
−/−
mice deficient in the human MMP1 ortholog, MMP1a.

Approach and Results:

After 12 to 16 weeks of Western diet, genetic loss of MMP1a resulted in a significant 50% reduction in total aortic plaque burden compared with control ApoE
−/−
mice. MMP1a deficiency led to significant reductions in plaque monocytes/macrophages, SMCs (smooth muscle cells), and necrosis, with increases in collagen content. Collagen invasion of oxidized-LDL (low-density lipoprotein) activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MMP1a-deficient mice was markedly attenuated and was similar to suppressive effects with pharmacological inhibitors of MMP1 and its receptor, PAR1 (protease-activated receptor 1). Patients with coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome undergoing cardiac catheterization in the TRIP-PCI trial (Thrombin Receptor Inhibitory Pepducin-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) were evaluated for circulating levels of all 3 major secreted collagenases, MMP1, MMP8, and MMP13 and total number of coronary lesions with ≥50% stenosis (coronary artery disease burden). MMP1 was significantly (
P
<0.001) higher by 19-fold and 5.7-fold relative to MMP13 and MMP8, respectively. MMP1 correlated with stenotic coronary artery disease burden, TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) levels, and was co-expressed with PAR1 on monocytes. Treatment of patients with the PAR1 inhibitor, PZ-128, prevented a drop in monocytes following coronary catheterization, an acute protective effect that was reproduced in mice undergoing cardiac ischemia reperfusion.

Conclusions:
These data provide evidence for an important role for the MMP1a collagenase in atherosclerotic lesion development and leukocyte behavior and validate MMP1 as a compelling target in patients with coronary artery disease/acute coronary syndrome.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02561000.
Heme Oxygenase-1 in Macrophages Impairs the Perfusion Recovery After Hindlimb Ischemia by Suppressing Autolysosome-Dependent Degradation of NLRP3
Authors: Ma Yuankun , Jia Liangliang , Wang Yidong , Ji Yongli , Chen Jian , Ma Hong , Lin Xiaoping , Zhang Yuhao , Li Wudi , Ni Hui , Xie Lan , Xie Yao , Xiang Meixiang 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
Macrophage-mediated inflammatory response is closely associated with the neovascularization process following hindlimb ischemia. We previously demonstrated that HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) in macrophages evoked proinflammatory reactions and tissue damage. Here, we evaluated the role played by macrophage-derived HO-1 and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanisms in perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia.

Approach and Results:
We found significant upregulation of HO-1 in mouse ischemic muscles after hindlimb ischemia surgery and with most of this expression occurring in infiltrated macrophages. Myeloid conditional HO-1-deficient mice exhibited higher perfusion recovery, evidenced by restored blood flow, motor function and attenuated tissue damage as well as increased capillary density in the gastrocnemius muscles after hindlimb ischemia, relative to littermate controls. This protective effect was accompanied by reduced NLRP3 (Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome activation in the infiltrated macrophages without the alteration of macrophage infiltration and polarization. Moreover, suppressing inflammasome activation with NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 improved blood flow and capillary density in wild-type mice compared with untreated mice. Mechanistically, suppressing HO-1 abolished TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α-induced NLRP3 protein rather than mRNA expression in bone marrow–derived macrophages, indicating that HO-1 mediated post-transcriptional regulation of NLRP3. Furthermore, HO-1 inhibition promoted autolysosome-dependent degradation of NLRP3 in bone marrow–derived macrophages. Matrigel tube formation assay revealed that HO-1 deletion abrogated the antiangiogenic effect of inflammasome-activated macrophages.

Conclusions:
Taken together, these findings indicate that macrophage HO-1 deficiency promotes perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia by accelerating autolysosomal degradation of NLRP3. The underlying mechanism of action is a potential target for therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic diseases.
Task division in a facultative cooperative breeder bird: do males take out the trash?
Authors: Dias Raphael Igor , Goedert Debora 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cooperative animals share different activities during reproduction, but individuals of a social group may invest in these tasks in different proportions. Nest sanitation is an important task that may impact reproductive performance of birds, and yet, little is known about the relative participation of individuals of a social group, particularly in non-passerine species. Here, we describe nest sanitation behaviour and materials removed, and test the occurrence of task division regarding faecal sac removal in Campo flickers (Picidae), a facultative cooperative breeder with complex social system. We found that helpers removed proportionally more faecal sacs than breeders, and male helpers are mainly responsible for this activity. These results are different than the commonly reported patterns for passerines, where females are the main contributors. Different ecological conditions and benefits achieved by group members may influence their investment in nest sanitation, but additional studies on social species could greatly contribute to our understanding of how general our results are in non-passerine species.
Computed tomography angiographic parameters of pulmonary artery as prognostic factors of residual pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy
Authors: Niznansky Matus , Kavan Jan , Zemankova Petra , Prskavec Tomas , Ambroz David , Jansa Pavel , Lindner Jaroslav 
Published: March 2021

Objectives This study aimed to retrospectively assess using computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for predicting residual pulmonary hypertension (RPH) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of 131 patients with CTEPH who underwent PEA in our center (2008–2015). We measured several diameters of the pulmonary artery and thoracic aorta preoperatively. We evaluated the relationship between these measurements (and their indices) and signs of RPH represented by pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) estimated by echocardiography. Results Significant correlations were observed between the aortopulmonary index and prediction of any residual hypertension and moderate/severe hypertension 1 year after PEA, and any residual hypertension and severe hypertension 2 years after PEA. The aortopulmonary index was significantly related to a reduction in PASP 1 year after the operation. A lower aortopulmonary index (≤0.88 for the ascending aorta and ≤0.64 for the descending aorta) predicted lower RPH. Conclusions Preoperative CTPA parameters can be used to assess the risk of RPH after PEA. The aortopulmonary index has significant predictive value for RPH and a reduction in PASP after PEA. Lower values of the aortopulmonary index suggest a better outcome after PEA.
Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury in ECMO Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mou Zhixiang , Guan Tianjun , Chen Lan 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), but there is no systematic analysis regarding its risk factors. This meta-analysis aims to determine the risk factors of AKI in adult patients with ECMO treatment. Methods: Two authors independently carried out a systemic literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase until April 20, 2020 (inclusive) to enroll 12 studies reporting the necessary clinical characteristics. The Gender (male), age, APACHE II score, SOFA score, cancer, diabetes mellitus (DM), intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), postcardiotomy, and ECMO supporting duration were pooled for further analysis by STATA. Results: Adult patients receiving ECMO who develop AKI and severe AKI incidents are usually older or have a higher APACHE II scores; in addition, severe AKI is related to higher SOFA scores, DM, and longer duration of ECMO support. Conclusions: Patients with these clinical characteristics should be paid more attention during ECMO. There remains a need for additional studies to validate these conclusions and to detect additional AKI risk factors for ECMO patients.
Impact of COVID-19 on multiple sclerosis care and management: Results from the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis survey
Authors: Portaccio Emilio , Fonderico Mattia , Hemmer Bernhard , Derfuss Tobias , Stankoff Bruno , Selmaj Krzysztof , Tintorè Mar , Amato Maria Pia 
Published: March 2021

Background: The spread of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) poses unique challenges in the management of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Objectives: To collect data about the impact of COVID-19 emergency on access to care for PwMS and on MS treatment practices. Methods: Between March and July 2020, the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) promoted an online survey covering patient access to care, management of relapses and visits, disease-modifying therapy (DMT) and experience with COVID-19. Results: Three-hundred and sixty neurologists from 52 countries (68% from Europe) completed the survey. 98% reported COVID-19-related restrictions. Telemedicine was adopted to overcome the limited access to care and was newly activated (73%) or widely implemented (17%). 70% reported changes in DMT management. Interferons and glatiramer were considered safe. Dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide and fingolimod were considered safe except for patients developing lymphopenia. No modifications were considered for natalizumab in 64%, cladribine in 24%, anti-CD20 in 22% and alemtuzumab in 17%; 18% (for alemtuzumab and cladribine) and 43% (for anti-CD20) considered postponing treatment. Conclusion: The ECTRIMS survey highlighted the challenges in keeping standards of care in clinical practice. Telemedicine clearly needs to be implemented. Gathering data on DMT safety will remain crucial to inform treatment decisions.
Mortality trends for young adults in Sweden in the years 2000–2017
Authors: Ågren Gunnar , Bremberg Sven 
Published: March 2021

Aim: Mental health problems in young people seem to be on the rise and more so in Sweden than in other locations. The aim was to compare the development of mortality rates for young adults in Sweden with Western Europe in total. Methods: Young adults were defined as individuals aged 20–34 years and the study period was 2000–2017. Mortality data were derived from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. Results: During the period 2000–2017, the mortality rate in young adults in Sweden stayed about the same, while in Western Europe as a whole the mortality rate decreased by 42%. The leading explanation for the unfavourable Swedish development was deaths due to drug use, mainly opioids, which increased by 60% during this period. The other major causes of death decreased both in Sweden and Western Europe, but decreased more slowly in Sweden. The differences in the rate of decrease between Sweden and Western Europe were for self-harm (27%), transport injuries (12%), unintentional injuries (31%) and for neoplasms (23%). The unfavourable development in Sweden resembled the development in the USA. Conclusions: The risks of four of the five leading causes of death in this age group were affected by the individuals’ social conditions. The unfavourable mortality development in young adults in Sweden was mainly due to substance use. A contributing cause might be the change in the Swedish healthcare system that introduced competition between providers, which might have encouraged providers to prescribe opioids.
Lenvatinib, toripalimab, plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus lenvatinib alone for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Min-Ke , Liang Run-Bin , Zhao Yang , Xu Yu-Jie , Chen Huan-Wei , Zhou Yuan-Min , Lai Zhi-Cheng , Xu Li , Wei Wei , Zhang Yao-Jun , Chen Min-Shan , Guo Rong-Ping , Li Qi-Jiong , Shi Ming 
Published: March 2021

Background: Lenvatinib is the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, but prognosis is still unsatisfactory. Recently, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), and immune checkpoint inhibitors showed promising results for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering different anti-malignancy mechanisms, combining these three treatments may improve outcomes. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib, toripalimab, plus HAIC versus lenvatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: This was a retrospective study including patients treated with lenvatinib [8 mg (⩽60 kg) or 12 mg (>60 kg) once daily] or lenvatinib, toripalimab plus HAIC [LeToHAIC group, lenvatinib 0–1 week prior to initial HAIC, 240 mg toripalimab 0–1 day prior to every HAIC cycle, and HAIC with FOLFOX regimen (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, leucovorin 400 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil bolus 400 mg/m2 on day 1, and 5-fluorouracil infusion 2400 mg/m2 for 46 h, every 3 weeks)]. Progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate, and treatment-related adverse events were compared. Results: From February 2019 to August 2019, 157 patients were included in this study: 71 in the LeToHAIC group and 86 in the lenvatinib group. The LeToHAIC group showed longer progression-free survival (11.1 versus 5.1 months, p < 0.001), longer overall survival (not reached versus 11 months, p < 0.001), and a higher objective response rate (RECIST: 59.2% versus 9.3%, p < 0.001; modified RECIST: 67.6% versus 16.3%, p < 0.001) than the lenvatinib group. In addition, 14.1% and 21.1% of patients in the LeToHAIC group achieved complete response of all lesions and complete response of the intrahepatic target lesions per modified RECIST criteria, respectively. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events that were more frequent in the LeToHAIC group than in the lenvatinib group included neutropenia (8.5% versus 1.2%), thrombocytopenia (5.6% versus 0), and nausea (5.6% versus 0). Conclusions: Lenvatinib, toripalimab, plus HAIC had acceptable toxic effects and might improve survival compared with lenvatinib alone in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
A new visual feedback-based system for the assessment of pinch force, endurance, accuracy and precision. A test-retest reliability study
Authors: Dottor Alberto , Camerone Eleonora , Job Mirko , Barbiani Diletta , Frisaldi Elisa , Testa Marco 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Given that pinch is a precision grip involved in sustained submaximal activities, a Sustained Contraction (SC) task could be associated to Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC). To better evaluate the thumb-index system, the test-retest reliability of pinch MVC and SC, measured by a visual feedback-based pinch gauge was assessed. Methods 26 healthy participants performed MVC and SC in two separate sessions. SC required to maintain 40%MVC as long as possible and it was evaluated in terms of time, accuracy (Mean Distance between force trace and target force, MD), precision (Coefficient of Variability of force trace, CV). MD and CV analyses were conducted dividing the SC task into three equivalent time stages (beginning, middle, exhaustion). Relative Reliability (RR) was measured by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, and Absolute Reliability (AR) was measured by Standard Error of Measurement and by Bland-Altman plot. Results MVC and Time showed high RR and AR in both hands. RR of MD and CV in right hand was excellent in the beginning and middle stages, and fair in the exhaustion one, showing decreasing reliability as fatigue increases. In the left hand RR of MD and CV was generally lower. MD showed excellent reliability in the beginning stage and good reliability in the other stages. CV showed fair relative reliability at both beginning and middle stages, excellent in the last one. Conversely, it was observed high AR of MD and CV in all stages in both hands. Conclusions All indices are reliable to assess motor control of thumb-index pinch in both hands.
Factors That Predict Sagittal Plane Knee Biomechanical Symmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Decision Tree Analysis
Authors: Palmieri-Smith Riann M. , Curran Michael T. , Garcia Steven A. , Krishnan Chandramouli 
Published: March 2021

Background: Biomechanical knee asymmetry is commonly present after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Factors that could assist in identification of asymmetrical biomechanics after ACL reconstruction could help clinicians in making return-to-play decisions. The purpose of this study is to determine factors that may contribute to knee biomechanical asymmetry present after ACL reconstruction. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that quadriceps strength and activation and patient-reported function would allow for identification of patients with symmetrical knee biomechanics. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Thirty-one subjects (18 women; time since ACL reconstruction = 284.4 ± 53.6 days) who underwent ACL reconstruction and were to return to activity were recruited. Participants completed bilateral assessments of isokinetic quadriceps strength, quadriceps activation using the superimposed burst technique, and biomechanical function testing during a single-leg forward hop. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee form was also completed. Symmetry values were calculated for each variable. Decision trees were utilized to determine which input factors (quadriceps strength symmetry, quadriceps activation symmetry, IKDC score, age, sex, height, mass, graft type) were able to identify participants who had symmetrical knee flexion angles (KFAs) and extension moments. Angles and moments were considered symmetrical if symmetry values were ≥90%. Results: Quadriceps strength and activation symmetry were able to predict whether a patient landed with symmetrical or asymmetrical KFAs, with thresholds of 77.2% strength symmetry and 91.3% activation symmetry being established. Patient-reported function and quadriceps strength were factors that allowed for classification of participants with symmetrical/asymmetrical knee extension moments, with thresholds of 89.1 for the IKDC and 80.0% for quadriceps strength symmetry. Conclusions: Quadriceps strength contributed to both models and appears to be a critical factor for achieving symmetrical knee biomechanics. High patient-reported function and quadriceps activation are also important for restoring knee biomechanical symmetry after ACL reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: Quadriceps strength and activation and patient-reported function may be able to assist clinicians in identifying ACL patients with symmetrical/asymmetrical knee biomechanics.
Simplifying Access to the Lateral Sphenoid Recess: A Modification of the Transpterygoid Approach
Authors: Sreenath Satyan B. , Tang Dennis M. , Almeida João Paulo De , Soni Pranay , Woodard Troy D. , Recinos Pablo F. , Kshettry Varun R. , Sindwani Raj 
Published: March 2021

Background Meningoencephaloceles originating in the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus can be difficult to access. Historically, the endoscopic transpterygoid approach was advocated, which carries additional morbidity given the dissection of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) contents to provide a direct line approach to the defect. Given our increased facility with angled endoscopes and instrumentation, we now approach this region in a less invasive manner. Methods We describe the endoscopic modified transpterygoid approach (MTPA), a quicker approach to the lateral sphenoid recess which preserves the PPF contents through a single nostril corridor. Results In the MTPA, the face of the sphenoid and anterior junction of the pterygoid plates are removed, allowing for mobilization of the PPF contents with the periosteum intact. Angled instrumentation is then used to resect the meningoencephalocele and repair the skull base defect in the lateral recess. If increased exposure is needed, this can be gained by sacrificing the sphenopalatine artery and even the vidian nerve, although this is rarely required. Conclusions The MTPA obviates the need for PPF dissection and simplifies access to the lateral sphenoid recess while minimizing postoperative morbidity. This approach should be considered for accessing meningoencephaloceles and other benign lesions in this challenging location.