bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Listening Together
Authors: Sloan Nate 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Podcasting presents a form of communication that is aural in nature, and as such generates innovative possibilities for the practice of public music theory. An intimate and personality-driven medium, podcasting reframes “what counts” as music theory. Since podcasting is an enterprise dependent on listener attention, it raises the stakes for why music theory matters. Podcasting diverges from typical academic discourse in its emphasis on story and humanity, requiring theorists to make transparent their interpretative models. This chapter relates the history of podcasting technology, surveys the landscape of public music theory podcasts, and considers the benefits and limitations of this nascent field.
Athletic Contests in Contexts of Epic and Other Related Archaic Texts
Authors: Nagy Gregory 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The ritual ordeal of the athlete re-enacts the ordeals of the warrior, and, like heroic deeds, athletic activity compensates for the athlete’s mortality as the athlete figuratively dies a ritual death in recurrent festivals. The origin of athletics is related both to initiation and to funeral games, and real or symbolic death and rebirth is common to both activities. Epinikian songs refer to those done ‘in compensation for’ (epi) the ordeal involved in winning the victory. Epinician songs also in a sense depict the community’s welfare as being contingent on the reciprocity of aristocratic exchange, and also related to revelry. The non-recurrent agōn occurs in Homeric epic, including gymnic and musikos events (recitation of epics and hymns). Later seasonally recurring festivals became the dominant form. The Panathenaia features the ‘art of the Muses’ among its events, namely rhapsodic contests in the reading of Homer. The apobatēs event in the Panathenaia serves as an evocative link between Homeric heroes in combat and the contestants in armour jumping from chariots in the Athenian games.
Gender and Sexuality in Greek Sport
Authors: Scanlon Thomas F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Greek sport was in its earliest forms and predominantly thereafter a male activity. Greek masculine virtues were consistently reflected in texts discussing sport from Homer onward. The athletic and the martial spheres were often in tension regarding how greatly success in sport was valued as a measure of male excellence. The Greek gymnasium and athletic nudity were factors that fostered the Greek male sexual system of pederasty. Material culture in the form of sculpture, inscriptions, and vase paintings reflects the androcentrism of Greek sport. Female participation in Greek sport has a historical existence much less consistent and widespread than that of males, seen most prominently during the Roman empire.
‘Professional’ Organizations in the Hellenistic World
Authors: Weiler Ingomar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This contribution focuses on the development of the so-called ancient ‘professionalism’ in sport. Beginning with an often quoted passage in Galen’s Thrasyboulos and some critical comments by Plato and Euripides on athletes, the paper discusses the various definitions of professional athletes in modern scholarship (E. N. Gardiner, H. A. Harris, J. Jüthner, H. W. Pleket, N .B. Crowther, D. Young, H. Lee, M. Golden, D. G. Kyle). The last mentioned scholars show that the application of the nineteenth-century concepts of amateurism and professionalism to ancient sports is anachronistic. There, however, is no doubt that changes existed in the history of athletics since the foundation of the gymnasium. The rise of ‘professionalism’ is connected to this development. The second part discusses various types of ‘worldwide’ athletic guilds (synodos tōn hieronikōn kai stephaneitōn, ecumenical federation of athlētai). These guilds made efforts to retain guarantees concerning their privileges, exemptions, and honors. Two documents from the late Hellenistic period (inscription of Erythrae, letter from Mark Antony) illustrate these endeavours.
Sex in the Arena
Authors: Futrell Alison 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although popular culture has long perceived the gladiators as the manliest of Romans, posturing before howling crowds of plebeians as the rock stars of their day, the sex of gladiators as constructed by Romans is rather more complicated. This chapter considers the sexualized nuances of the arena, touching on the relative masculinity of gladiators within Roman social and political hierarchy, as well as the sliding scale of virility among the different styles of combat. The phenomenon of women in the arena is explored: were spectacles that were populated by women contestants designed to titillate and persuade in a way that was different from the more standard shows? Instances of spectacularized sex, shows that allegedly featured literal sexual engagement, point to demonstrations of moral and political authority by imperial sponsors; literary descriptions of risqué performances likewise functioned as moralizing critique of imperial powerbrokers. The genre of textual descriptions shaded the message of sexual power as well; Christian martyr acts reworked the suffering of Christian women condemned to the arena, claiming for them authority and agency that was both founded on and defiant of their gender.
Sport in Ancient Egypt and the Ancient Near East
Authors: Decker Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ancient Egypt and the Ancient Near East are new fields of sport history. From the beginning of Egyptian history Pharaoh displays his sportsmanship which is embodied in the dogma of kingship, including his run during the Jubilee Festival. He is an eternal victor acting as a perfect bow shooter at targets, helmsman of ships and trainer of horses. Only his very participation on a competition is taboo. Sources of wrestling, stick fencing and running are to be emphasized in the private sector. The Near Eastern ruler was also said to have showed high performance in sport. Shulgi ran 320 km in one day. There is the famous scene of wrestling into the epic of Gilgamesh between the hero and Enkidu. As to the Hittite civilization, there is to be mentioned the so called Book of Horse Training, which contains prescriptions for training for the condition and technique of chariot horses.
Complete Genome Sequence Resource for Xanthomonas fragariae Causing Crown Infection Pockets in Strawberry
Authors: Wei Feng , Wang Danjuan , Fan Sihao , Shi Jiancheng , Cai Xiaolin , Li Yulian , Ma Yangyang , Wen Yingqiang , Feng Jiayue 
Published: October 2021

Xanthomonas fragariae is a global quarantine pathogen, which typically inflicts angular leaf spots. In the present study, we report a new 4.11-Mb high-quality genome sequence of X. fragariae YL19. YL19 can cause the typical angular leaf spot symptoms on strawberry plants in China as well as crown infection pocket symptoms. This new symptom has not been reported in other X. fragariae. Compared with typical X. fragariae strains, including PD885, NBC2815, PD5205, Fap21, and Fap29, the genome and plasmid in YL19 were smaller in size, lacking 109 coding genes, and have more carbohydrate-active enzyme and secondary metabolism genes. The YL19 genome ought to clarify the molecular mechanisms of genome evolution, host adaptation, and pathological process of X. fragariae and help improve strawberry management strategies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Multipollutant, longitudinal analysis of the association between urinary tungsten and incident diabetes in a rural population
Authors: Riseberg Emily , James Katherine A. , Woodin Mark , Melamed Rachel , Alderete Tanya , Corlin Laura 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Cross-sectional studies suggest tungsten (W) exposure may be associated with diabetes. We assessed longitudinal associations between urinary W and fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-β), and incident type 2 diabetes.

Methods:
We used data from 1,609 Hispanic and non-Hispanic White adults with 20 to 74 years of age residing in rural Colorado and participating in the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. Urinary metal exposure values were measured at baseline and natural log-transformed. We assessed longitudinal associations between urinary W and continuous outcome measures using linear-mixed effect models and associations with incident diabetes using Fine and Gray competing risks regression models (competing event = all-cause mortality). The main adjustment set of covariates included: age, sex, ethnicity, education, smoking status, hypertension, body mass index, caloric intake, alcohol intake, and urinary creatinine levels. Secondary models were further adjusted for arsenic, cadmium, and lead exposures. We assessed whether sex or ethnicity were effect modifiers.

Results:
At baseline, the median W concentration was 0.22 μg/L (interquartile range = 0.20, 0.59). In the main cross-sectional analyses, lnW levels were significantly associated with 3% higher lnHOMA-IR (95% CI = 1 to 5). In the main longitudinal models, lnW was significantly associated with 1% higher natural log-transformed fasting glucose (95% CI = <1 to 1), 3% higher natural log-transformed HOMA-IR (95% CI = 2 to 5), and 28% higher incident diabetes (subdistribution hazard ratio=1.28, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.50). Results remained significant when further adjusting for other metals. We observed evidence for effect modification by sex and ethnicity.

Conclusion:
Urinary W was longitudinally associated with adverse metabolic health indicators.
Evaluating the biocompatibility and biological performance of FePt-decorated nano-epoxy nanoparticles in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Chou Ruey-Hwang , Yang Meng-Yin , Yang Yi-Ping , Yeh Chun-An , Lai Wei-Yi , Lin Tzu-Wei , Teng Yuan-Chi , Hsieh Shu-Chen , Kung Mei-Lang , Hsieh Hsien-Hsu , Hung Huey-Shan 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Nanoparticles have wide potential applications in biolabeling, bioimaging, and cell tracking. Development of dual functional nanoparticles increases the versatility.

Methods:
We combined the fluorescent property of nano-epoxy (N-Epo) and the magnetic characteristic of FePt to fabricate the FePt-decorated N-Epo (N-Epo-FePt). The size in diameter of N-Epo-FePt (177.38 ± 39.25 nm) was bigger than N-Epo (2.28 ± 1.01 nm), both could be absorbed into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and have multiple fluorescent properties (blue, green, and red).

Results:
N-Epo-FePt prevented N-Epo-induced platelet activation, CD68+-macrophage differentiation in blood, and intracellular ROS generation in MSCs. The induction of apoptosis and the inhibitory effects of N-Epo-FePt on cell migration, MMP-9 activity, and secretion of SDF-1α were less than that of N-Epo in MSCs.

Conclusion:
N-Epo-FePt was more biocompatible without altering biological performance than N-Epo in MSCs. These results suggest that N-Epo-FePt nanoparticle can be used for fluorescence labeling of MSCs and is potential to apply to bioimaging and cell tracking of MSCs in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography.
Mutations in Van Der Woude Families From Ethiopia
Authors: Eshete Mekonen , Alade Azeez , Abate Fikre , Mossey Peter A. , Awotoye Waheed A. , Busch Tamara , Hailu Abiye , Demissie Yohannes , Butali Azeez 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is the most common syndromic orofacial cleft which accounts for approximately 2% of all cleft lip (CL) and/or palate cases. It is characterized by the presence of lower lip pits, in addition to CL, CL with or without cleft palate, cleft palate only, and hypodontia. It is inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait with almost complete penetrance but variable expressivity, and different variants in IRF6 gene have been reported in different populations around the world including African populations (Ethiopian, Ghanaian, and Nigerian).

Methods and Findings:
The authors investigated the role of IRF6 in Ethiopian families with VWS. The DNA of 7 families with VWS from Ethiopia were screened by Sanger sequencing. The authors screened all 9 exons of IRF6 and found a novel missense variant in exon 4 (p. Gly65Glu). This variant was predicted to be deleterious/probably damaging by Sift and PolyPhen, respectively. The IRF6 variant (p. Gly65Glu) segregates in the family since it was identified in the father and a sibling.

Conclusion:
Several of the individuals with lower lip pits in this study did not seek treatment. This is due to lack of awareness about the significance of this minor looking deformity and its consequences, and availability of treatment for birth defects. Therefore, it is important to educate families. Finally, screening for novel variants in known genes has a role in counseling and prenatal diagnosis for high-risk families.
A Multimodal Approach to Huge Fibrous Dysplasia With Ocular Symptoms Using a Navigation System and Endoscope
Authors: Cho Seung Woo , Choi Woo Seok , Kim Baek-Kyu 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare sporadic benign disease, which involves from single to several bones with unilateral distribution. Recently, image-based surgical navigation systems have played a significant role in surgical process on neurological and orthopedic operations. However, because an intraoral approach can visualize the field for maxillary surgery, there are few cases using endoscopes for excision of FD. Even though, a huge mass involving posterior side of maxillary sinus can be assisted with an endoscope to protect essential structures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of plastic and reconstructive surgeons to perform the operation of a huge FD with both an endoscope and a navigation system.

Methods:
Preoperative computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging was performed for precise diagnosis and setting the navigation system (Medtronic Navigation, Louisville, CO). The main problem of the patient was exophthalmos and decreased visual acuity, the authors decided to remove the mass involving the intraorbital portion and sphenoidal portion. Moreover, the mass was extending to intracranium, cooperation with the department of neurosurgery and otolaryngology was planned. The tumor reached by the endoscope was resected as much as possible. During the excision of the sphenoidal portion by the head and neck surgeon of the department of otolaryngology, cerebrospinal fluid leakage was observed and repaired by the neurosurgeon.

Results:
The exophthalmos measured by Hertel exophthalmometry was reduced only 1 mm, however, gross morphology of the patient was totally changed after the operation. Visual acuity of the right eye was improved from 0.3 to 0.9. The patient was followed up about 6 months and had a seizure event at 2 weeks after the surgery. Afterwards, the symptom has been well controlled by the medication.

Conclusions:
This multimodal approach offers a safe, rapid surgical aid in treating huge lesions involving orbital and intracranial area.
Identifying Prepubertal Children with Risk for Suicide Using Deep Neural Network Trained on Multimodal Brain Imaging-Derived Phenotypes
Authors: Kim Bo-Gyeom , Ahn Gun , Kim Sooyoung , Kim Kakyeong , Kim Hyeonjin , Lee Eunji , Ahn Woo-Young , Kim Jae-Won , Cha Jiook 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSuicide is among the leading causes of death in youth worldwide. Early identification of children with high risk for suicide is key to effective screening and prevention strategies. Brain imaging can show functional or structural abnormalities related to youth suicidality, but literature is scarce. Here we tested the extent to which brain imaging is useful in predicting suicidal risk in children. In the largest to date, multi-site, multi-ethnic, epidemiological developmental samples in the US (N = 6,172; the ABCD study), we trained and validated machine learning models and deep neural networks on the multimodal brain imaging derived phenotypes (morphometry, white matter connectivity, functional activation, and connectivity) along with behavioral and self-reported psychological questionnaire data. The model trained on diffusion white matter connectomes showed the best performance (test AUC-ROC = 74.82) with a one percentage increase compared with the baseline model trained on behavioral and psychological data (test AUC-ROC = 74.16). Models trained on other MRI modalities showed similar but slightly lower performances. Model interpretation showed the important brain features involved in attention, emotion regulation, and motor coordination, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, temporal gyrus, and precentral gyrus. It further showed that the interaction of brain features with depression and impulsivity measures contributed to the optimal prediction of youth suicidality. This study demonstrates the potential utility of a multimodal brain imaging approach to youth suicidality prediction and uncovers the relationships of the psychological and multi-dimensional and multi-modal neural features to youth suicidality.
Inferring age-specific differences in susceptibility to and infectiousness upon SARS-CoV-2 infection based on Belgian social contact data
Authors: Franco Nicolas , Coletti Pietro , Willem Lander , Angeli Leonardo , Lajot Adrien , Abrams Steven , Beutels Philippe , Faes Christel , Hens Niel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral important aspects related to SARS-CoV-2 transmission are not well known due to a lack of appropriate data. However, mathematical and computational tools can be used to extract part of this information from the available data, like some hidden age-related characteristics. In this paper, we present a method to investigate age-specific differences in transmission parameters related to susceptibility to and infectiousness upon contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection. More specifically, we use panel-based social contact data from diary-based surveys conducted in Belgium combined with the next generation principle to infer the relative incidence and we compare this to real-life incidence data. Comparing these two allows for the estimation of age-specific transmission parameters. Our analysis implies the susceptibility in children to be around half of the susceptibility in adults, and even lower for very young children (preschooler). However, the probability of adults and the elderly to contract the infection is decreasing throughout the vaccination campaign, thereby modifying the picture over time.
Axillary Microbiota is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Arikan Muzaffer , Yildiz Zeynep , Demir Tugce Kahraman , Yilmaz Nesrin H. , Sen Aysu , Hanoglu Lutfu , Yildirim Suleyman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionCognitive impairment (CI) is among the most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with substantially negative impact on patient management and outcome. The development and progression of CI exhibits high interindividual variability which requires better diagnostic and monitoring strategies. PD patients often display sweating disorders resulting from autonomic dysfunction which has been associated with CI. As the axillary microbiota is known to change with humidity level and sweat composition, we hypothesized that axillary microbiota of PD patients shifts in association with CI progression thus can be used as proxy for classification of CI stages in PD.MethodsWe compared the axillary microbiota compositions of 103 PD patients (55 PD patients with dementia (PDD) and 48 PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI)) and 26 cognitively normal healthy controls (HC).ResultsWe found that axillary microbiota profiles differentiate HC, PD-MCI and PDD groups based on differential ranking analysis and detected an increasing trend in the log ratio ofCorynebacteriumtoAnaerococcusin progression from HC to PDD. In addition, phylogenetic factorization revealed that the depletion ofAnaerococcus, PeptoniphilusandW5053genera is associated with PD-MCI and PDD. Moreover, functional predictions suggested significant increase of myo-inositol degradation, ergothioneine biosynthesis, propionate biosynthesis, menaquinone biosynthesis, and the proportion of aerobic bacteria and biofilm formation capacity in parallel to CI.ConclusionOur results suggest that alterations in axillary microbiota are associated with CI in PD. Thus, axillary microbiota holds potential to be exploited as a non-invasive biomarker in the development of novel strategies.
Willingness to take the Covid-19 vaccines and associated factors at a tertiary institution community in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Modi Bhadrashil H , Pretorius Deidré , Francis Joel M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSA is aiming to achieve herd immunity against Covid-19 by the first quarter of 2022. The success of the Covid-19 vaccination roll-out depends primarily on the willingness of the population to take the vaccines.AimThis study examined the willingness to take the Covid-19 vaccine, along with the factors of concern, efficacy, and preferences of the individual which may increase the willingness to be vaccinated.SettingThis study was conducted at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, amongst adult students and academic and professional staff.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online study from 27 July – 14 August 2021. We performed descriptive and inferential analysis to determine the factors associated with willingness to take the Covid-19 vaccine.Results2364 participants responded to a survey link and 82% were students, 66.8% were in the 18-29 years age band, females represented 64.0% and 49.2% were black people. 1965 (83.3%) were willing to receive a Covid-19 vaccine, the most preferred vaccines were Pfizer (41%) and J&J (23%), local pharmacy (29%) and GP (17%) were the preferred places for vaccination and the trusted sources of information on Covid-19 vaccines were the general practitioners (40.6%) and specialists (19,2%). Perceptions that vaccines are safe (aOR=31.56, 95%CI: 16.02-62.12 for affirmative agreement) and effective (aOR=5.92, 95%CI: 2.87-12.19 for affirmative agreement) were the main determinants for willingness to taking a COVID-19 vaccineConclusionIt is imperative to reinforce the message of Covid-19 vaccine safety and efficacy and to include the GPs and the community pharmacies in the vaccination roll-out in SA.
Speckle illumination microscopy enables slide-free and non-destructive pathology of human lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yan , Kang Lei , Lo Claudia T. K. , Wong Terence T. W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHistopathology based on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues remains the gold standard for surgical margin assessment (SMA). However, routine pathological practice is lengthy and laborious, failing to provide immediate feedback to surgeons and pathologists for intraoperative decision-making. In this report, we propose a cost-effective and easy-to-use histological imaging method with speckle illumination microscopy (i.e., HiLo). HiLo can achieve rapid and non-destructive imaging of large and fluorescently-labelled resection tissues at an acquisition speed of 5 cm2/min with 1.3-μm lateral resolution and 5.8-μm axial resolution, demonstrating a great potential as an intraoperative SMA tool that can be used by surgeons and pathologists to detect residual tumors at surgical margins. It is experimentally validated that HiLo enables rapid diagnosis of different subtypes of human lung adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, producing images with remarkably recognizable cellular features comparable to the gold-standard histology. This work will facilitate the clinical translations of HiLo microscopy to improve the current standard-of-care.