bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winners and losers over 35 years of dragonfly and damselfly distributional change in Germany
Authors: Bowler Diana E. , Eichenberg David , Conze Klaus‐Jürgen , Suhling Frank , Baumann Kathrin , Benken Theodor , Bönsel André , Bittner Torsten , Drews Arne , Günther André , Isaac Nick J.B. , Petzold Falk , Seyring Marcel , Spengler Torsten , Trockur Bernd , Willigalla Christoph , Bruelheide Helge , Jansen Florian , Bonn Aletta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimRecent studies suggest insect declines in parts of Europe; however, the generality of these trends across different taxa and regions remains unclear. Standardized data are not available to assess large‐scale, long‐term changes for most insect groups but opportunistic citizen science data are widespread for some. Here, we took advantage of citizen science data to investigate distributional changes of Odonata.LocationGermany.MethodsWe compiled over 1 million occurrence records from different regional databases. We used occupancy‐detection models to account for imperfect detection and estimate annual distributions for each species during 1980–2016 within 5 × 5 km quadrants. We also compiled data on species attributes that were hypothesized to affect species’ sensitivity to different drivers and related them to the changes in species’ distributions. We further developed a novel approach to cluster groups of species with similar patterns of distributional change to represent multispecies indicators.ResultsMore species increased (45%) than decreased (29%) or remained stable (26%) in their distribution (i.e. number of occupied quadrants). Species showing increases were generally warm‐adapted species and/or running water species, while species showing decreases were cold‐adapted species using standing water habitats such as bogs. Time series clustering defined five main patterns of change—each associated with a specific combination of species attributes, and confirming the key roles of species’ temperature and habitat preferences. Overall, our analysis predicted that mean quadrant‐level species richness has increased over most of the time period.Main conclusionsTrends in Odonata provide mixed news—improved water quality, coupled with positive impacts of climate change, could explain the positive trends of many species. At the same time, declining species point to conservation challenges associated with habitat loss and degradation. Our study demonstrates the great value of citizen science and the work of natural history societies for assessing large‐scale distributional change.
Associations between brain and behavioral processing of facial expressions of emotion and sensory reactivity in young children
Authors: Porter Chris L. , Evans‐Stout Cortney A. , Reschke Peter J. , Nelson Larry J. , Hyde Daniel C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ability to decode and accurately identify information from facial emotions may advantage young children socially. This capacity to decode emotional information may likewise be influenced by individual differences in children's temperament. This study investigated whether sensory reactivity and perceptual awareness, two dimensions of temperament, as well as children's ability to accurately label emotions relates to the neural processing of emotional content in faces. Event related potentials (ERPs) of 4 to 6 year‐old children (N = 119) were elicited from static displays of anger, happy, fearful, sad, and neutral emotion faces. Children, as a group, exhibited differential early (N290) and mid‐latency (P400) event‐related potentials (ERPs) in response to facial expressions of emotion. Individual differences in children's sensory reactivity were associated with enhanced P400 amplitudes to neutral, sad, and fearful faces. In a separate task, children were asked to provide an emotional label for the same images. Interestingly, children less accurately labeled the same neutral, sad, and fearful faces, suggesting that, contrary to previous work showing enhanced attentional processing to threatening cues (i.e., fear), children higher in sensory reactivity may deploy more attentional resources when decoding ambiguous emotional cues.
Unexpected hepatitis B virus transmission after liver transplant from nucleic acid testing‐ and serology‐negative liver donors who are hepatitis C viremic
Authors: Kreitman Kyle R. , Kothadia Jiten P. , Nair Satheesh P. , Maliakkal Benedict J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe opioid epidemic has led to increased availability of organs for liver transplantation. The success of direct‐acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C (HCV) has led to the acceptance of HCV viremic donor organs. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) has led to increased detection of HCV and hepatitis B (HBV) in potential donors. A total of 36 patients underwent liver transplantation from donation after brain death donors who were HCV NAT‐positive, and three of them were diagnosed with HBV several months after. All three recipients received livers from HCV viremic donors who were negative for HBV by serology and NAT. Soon after liver transplantation, HCV was treated, and all achieved sustained virologic response. They became HBV DNA‐positive shortly thereafter. To date, there have been no reported cases of unexpected HBV transmission since universal donor NAT was implemented in 2013. We postulate that the inhibitory effect of HCV viremia on HBV may have prolonged the “NAT window period” in these donors beyond the 20–22 days quoted for solitary HBV infection. These cases highlight the need for more intensive and prolonged screening for HBV in recipients of livers from HCV viremic donors.
Assessing people with dementia participating in cognitive stimulation activities—A qualitative pilot video analysis exploring the importance of facilitating the participation
Authors: Thoft Diana Schack , Ottesen Anna Camilla , Jensen Anne Melchior , Ward Alison 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis pilot video analysis was part of a feasibility control study, which aimed to gain information about the size and variability of the changes in outcome measures to plan a substantive effect study. It compared a cognitive stimulation programme named Lifelong Learning with other existing dementia services.ObjectiveThe pilot video analysis explored how facilitation is performed, when assessing people with dementia with standardized measures, to ensure their participation in research.DesignA test battery of five measures (Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale (QoL‐AD), General Self‐Efficacy Scale, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale and Hawthorn Friendship Scale) was used. Each assessment was video‐recorded. The findings from a microanalysis of 10 videos are presented in this article.SettingThe study involved 55 active participants with mild‐to‐moderate dementia in six municipalities in Northern Denmark.ResultsThe identified themes related to supportive facilitation: Positive facilitator strategies; Creating a safe and comfortable environment; and to dilemmas in facilitation: Balancing multiple dilemmas and Balancing the MMSE test.DiscussionResults are discussed in relation to using standardized measures.ConclusionThe quality of facilitation when using standardized measures is of great importance as it may influence the participant, the assessment and the answers given. The facilitation role needs to be thoroughly planned and executed with ethical consideration to improve the participation of vulnerable groups in research and ensure a person‐centred approach.Patient or public contributionThe identified measures were chosen based upon previous qualitative results and user‐involvement workshops with people with dementia.
A decision tree model for neuroimmune guidance of allergic immunity
Authors: Flayer Cameron H , Perner Caroline , Sokol Caroline L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe immune system defends the body from infectious and non‐infectious threats. Distinct recognition strategies have evolved to generate antigen‐specific immunity against pathogens or toxins versus antigen‐independent tissue repair. Structural recognition, or the sensing of conserved motifs, guides the immune response to viruses, bacteria, fungi, and unicellular parasites. Functional recognition, which is sensing that is based on the activities of an input, guides antigen‐independent tissue healing and antigen‐specific Type 2 immunity to toxins, allergens, and helminth parasites. Damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released from damaged and dying cells, permit functional recognition by immune cells. However, the DAMP paradigm alone does not explain how functional recognition can lead to such disparate immune responses, namely wound healing and Type 2 immunity. Recent work established that sensory neurons release neuropeptides in response to a variety of toxins and allergens. These neuropeptides act on local innate immune cells, stimulating or inhibiting their activities. By integrating our knowledge on DAMP function with new information on the role of neuropeptides in innate immune activation in Type 2 immunity, we describe a decision tree model of functional recognition. In this model, neuropeptides complement or antagonize DAMPs to guide the development of antigen‐specific Type 2 immunity through the activation of innate immune cells. We discuss why this decision tree system evolved and its implications to allergic diseases.
Youth suicide risk screening in an outpatient child abuse clinic
Authors: Ngai Margaret , Delaney Kathleen , Limandri Barbara , Dreves Kristin , Tipton Mary V. , Horowitz Lisa M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProblemChild abuse is an important independent risk factor for suicide. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the implementation of a universal suicide risk screening and assessment tool in an outpatient child abuse evaluation clinic.MethodsParticipants consisted of all patients between the ages of 10 and 18 years who received services at the study site within a 3‐month period (n = 162). The study site implemented a tool created for the sole purpose of detecting suicide risk, the Ask Suicide‐Screening Questions (ASQ) tool. Data was retrospectively collected using electronic health records; rates of compliance with screening and screen positive rates were calculated.FindingsSuicide risk screening with the ASQ was conducted on 90.7% (147) of the patients. Forty‐three (29.2%) patients screened positive for suicide risk. This is a significant increase in detection rates compared to baseline preimplementation data. Of the 67 preteens, 10–12 years of age, that were screened, 14.9% (10/67) screened positive for suicide risk, making up 23% of the positive screens.ConclusionsImplementing a universal suicide risk screening tool was a successful strategy for detecting suicide risk. A quarter of the youth who screened positive on the ASQ were preteens, highlighting the importance of screening the 10‐ to 12‐year olds for suicide risk.
Susceptibility‐guided versus empirical treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gingold‐Belfer Rachel , Niv Yaron , Schmilovitz‐Weiss Hemda , Levi Zohar , Boltin Doron 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimEmpirical therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection is limited by increasing antibiotic resistance and suboptimal eradication rates. Studies of the relative effectiveness of susceptibility‐guided therapy have produced conflicting results. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine whether susceptibility‐guided therapy is superior to empirical therapy for H. pylori infection.MethodsWe searched articles listed in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science through May 25, 2020, RCTs comparing susceptibility‐guided versus empirical therapy for H. pylori infection. Outcomes, including effectiveness and safety, were analyzed in a meta‐analysis.ResultsOur final analysis included 16 studies, comprising 2374 patients who received susceptibility‐guided therapy and 2451 patients who received empirical treatment. In previously untreated subjects, susceptibility‐guided therapy was slightly more effective than empirical therapy (intent to treat risk ratio [RR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.21; P < 0.0001, I2 = 75%). Susceptibility‐guided therapy was superior to first‐line clarithromycin‐based triple therapy only when clarithromycin resistance exceeded 20% (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07–1.30; P = 0.001, I2 = 81%). Susceptibility‐guided therapy was not more effective than empirical quadruple therapy (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.92–1.13; P = 0.759, I2 = 80%). Three RCTs were performed exclusively among previously treated subjects, and were highly heterogeneous.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that susceptibility‐guided treatment may be slightly superior to empirical first line triple therapy. Susceptibility‐ guided treatment does not appear to be superior to empirical first‐line quadruple therapy or empirical rescue therapy.
Visual trajectories and risk of physical and cognitive impairment among older Chinese adults
Authors: Cao Guiying , Wang Kaipeng , Han Ling , Zhang Qin , Yao Shanshan , Chen Zishuo , Huang Ziting , Luo Yan , Hu Yonghua , Xu Beibei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTo identify visual trajectories and examine their relationships with physical and cognitive function in older Chinese adults.DesignPopulation‐based longitudinal study.SettingThe Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.ParticipantsA total of 16,151 participants aged ≥65 years.MeasurementsVisual, physical (including activities of daily living [ADL] and instrumental ADL [IADL]), and cognitive function were assessed at baseline and subsequently every 3 years. ADI disability and IADL disability were defined as needing any help in any item of the Katz scale and a modified Lawton's scale, respectively. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Chinese version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination score below 24. A group‐based trajectory model was used to determine visual trajectories adjusted for age, sex, and education. Associations of visual trajectories with ADL disability, IADL disability, and cognitive impairment were evaluated using generalized estimating equation models adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsThis study identified three distinct visual trajectories, including no decline (32.4%), moderate decline (48.3%), and progressive decline (19.3%) during the follow‐up period. Compared with the no decline trajectory, both the moderate decline (ADL disability: OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.30–3.28; IADL disability: OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 2.74–3.31; cognitive impairment: OR = 3.37, 95% CI: 3.02–3.76) and the progressive decline (ADL disability: OR = 8.50, 95% CI: 6.55–11.02; IADL disability: OR = 12.96, 95% CI: 9.95–16.87; cognitive impairment: OR = 10.84, 95% CI: 8.89–13.23) trajectories were significantly associated with an increased risk of functional impairment. Compared with the moderate decline trajectory, the progressive decline trajectory was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADL disability (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 2.46–3.89), IADL disability (OR = 4.30, 95% CI: 3.29–5.61), and cognitive impairment (OR = 3.22, 95% CI:2.63–3.93).ConclusionOlder Chinese adults exhibit three distinct visual trajectories and those with decline trajectories in vision have an increased risk of functional impairment than those with a trajectory of no decline in vision.
Plant transfer RNA‐derived fragments: Biogenesis and functions
Authors: Ma Xuan , Liu Chunyan , Cao Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProcessing of mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) produces complex populations of tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs). Emerging evidence shows that tRFs have important functions in bacteria, animals, and plants. Here, we review recent advances in understanding plant tRFs, focusing on their biological and cellular functions, such as regulating stress responses, mediating plant–pathogen interactions, and modulating post‐transcriptional gene silencing and translation. We also review sequencing strategies and bioinformatics resources for studying tRFs in plants. Finally, we discuss future directions for plant tRF research, which will expand our knowledge of plant non‐coding RNAs.
Diagnosis and treatment of a poorly differentiated carcinoma in a male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)—A case study
Authors: Cloutier Barbour Christina , Vazquez Katherine , Hammond Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study reports the occurrence of a poorly differentiated carcinoma in a captive‐born 28 year‐old male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) who has a familial history of cancer. Pathological findings, surgical interventions, and experimental treatments are discussed.
Graduate nurse views on patient safety: Navigating challenging workplace interactions with senior clinical nurses
Authors: Sahay Ashlyn , Willis Eileen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAim and objectiveTo explore and understand the negative experiences of graduate nurses’ interaction with senior nurses and the implications for safe patient care.BackgroundPatient safety is dependent on the nursing care they receive. Working in environments where there is reduced collegial support and increased emotional distress, increases the likelihood of nurses making errors that may negatively impact on patient outcomes. Insights drawn from graduate nurses’ negative interactions with senior nurses may provide an understanding of the impact of nurse‐to‐nurse interactions on patient safety outcomes.MethodsA qualitative exploratory descriptive design was used. A purposive sample of 18 graduate registered nurses participated in this study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were thematically analysed. The COREQ checklist was followed.ResultsThe overarching theme, ‘Navigating workplace challenges’ was identified with two sub‐themes: Processing unsupportive nurse behaviour and responding to nurse deviations from best practice. Common deviations in practice included erosion of safe medication practice, wound care and non‐compliance with universal precautions. Graduate nurses also observed unsafe workplace practice, however, were hesitant to speak up due to fear of retribution. Unsupportive behaviours impacted on their critical thinking ability, follow‐up interactions with other nurses and subsequent delivery of patient care.ConclusionQuality and safety strategies should not ignore and/or overlook the impact of interpersonal relationships on patient safety and risk. Strategies for delivering evidence‐based, safe and quality care to patients go beyond the establishment of standards and technically focussed management strategies.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is vital to examine the quality of working relationships between all levels of healthcare professionals including graduate nurses and their supervisors to ensure supportive behaviours prevail in advancing delivery of quality care within the practice environment. The study alludes to the fact that disruptive workplace behaviours are more hierarchical than horizontal (i.e., graduate nurse‐to‐graduate nurse).
Patients’ and healthcare professionals’ views on a pre‐ and post‐operative rehabilitation programme (SOLACE) for lung cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Collaço Nicole , Henshall Catherine , Belcher Elizabeth , Canavan Jane , Merriman Charlotte , Mitchell Jenny , Watson Eila 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore patients’ and healthcare professionals’ views and experiences of a pre‐ and post‐operative rehabilitation intervention (SOLACE), for patients undergoing surgery for early‐stage lung cancer.BackgroundConsiderable post‐operative complications can occur after surgery. A specialist lung cancer service (SOLACE) was developed to optimise health and fitness levels prior to and following lung cancer resections, as well as reducing morbidity and mortality, and improving the physical and psychological well‐being of patients.DesignThe design was an exploratory, descriptive qualitative interview study.MethodsSeventeen lung cancer patients and eight healthcare professionals were recruited from a large teaching hospital in South England. Data were collected through semi‐structured telephone and face‐to‐face interviews. Transcribed interview data were analysed thematically. The COREQ checklist was used to report on the study process.ResultsThe SOLACE service was positively perceived by patients and healthcare professionals. Patients valued the provision of tailored support/advice and peer support and reported benefits to their health and well‐being. Barriers to patient uptake of the classes included time constraints, motivation and access for patients who lived at a distance.ConclusionsThere is benefit in providing a personalised approach through a pre‐ and post‐operative rehabilitation service for lung cancer patients. Virtual support may address equality of access to service for those who live at a distance from the hospital.Relevance to clinical practiceIntroduction of a pre‐ and post‐operative rehabilitation service provided by specialist peri‐operative rehabilitation nurses and practitioners can yield positive outcomes for patients undergoing surgical treatment of early‐stage lung cancer. Engagement of key healthcare professionals, consideration of virtual follow‐up services and making patients aware of services could maximise patient uptake. Further consideration is needed of the best way to promote patient self‐management and long‐term continuation of patient rehabilitation in the community.
Giving midwives a voice – Qualitative perspectives of an ‘empowering decision‐making workshop’
Authors: Jefford Elaine , Nolan Samantha , Jomeen Julie , Maier Belinda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAim/objectiveTo establish midwives’ perceptions of the value of workshops designed to empower their decision‐making and leadership skills using validated midwifery clinical reasoning frameworks and appreciative inquiry methods.BackgroundThe medical lens of childbirth can disempower women and midwives. Midwives often face challenges navigating their role as autonomous practitioners and advocates for shared decision‐making, particularly when there is tension between women's wishes, governance frameworks and organisational requirements. This can lead to ‘Midwifery Abdication’ and/or the midwifery voice being silenced.Design/MethodsAppreciative inquiry, involving qualitative analysis of 31 midwives’ personal reflections during ‘Empowering Midwives’ Decision‐Making’ workshops. Standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR criteria) guided the preparation of this manuscript.ResultsDecision‐making tools and ‘appreciative’ strategies can strengthen leadership attributes, enhance feelings of empowerment and deepen understanding. Reflecting on ‘Midwifery Abdication’ was perceived as confronting. Workshop activities offered understanding the reasons why ‘Midwifery Abdication’ may or may not occur. One overarching, key theme was identified: ‘Finding my midwifery voice’. This theme encompassed three sub‐themes: ‘I am not alone’, ‘Using leadership to promote collaboration to effect change’ and ‘An onward journey of enlightenment and empowerment’.ConclusionMidwives need to find their voice and develop skills in both clinical reasoning and transformative reflection. Workshops, using Appreciative Inquiry approaches, that focused on reflection, clinical decision‐making and ‘Midwifery Abdication’, facilitate this and may create feelings of reunification in midwives and rejuvenate inherent passion for the profession.Relevance to clinical practiceSharing feelings around providing care in the often‐contested space that is advocating for women using midwifery philosophy may provide relief from moral distress and a sense of shared identity desperately sought after by midwives struggling to navigate the increasingly complex terrain of maternity care. Findings encourage the need for further discussions around strengthening midwifery leadership which may be achievable using Appreciative Inquiry frameworks and approaches.