bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A public health approach for addressing recidivism and addiction using European concepts in Alaska
Authors: Ray R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Problem
Criminal activity attributed to substance misuse is a tremendous challenge to public health and public safety. Over 80% of Alaska's incarcerated population has an addiction disorder. These individuals are 129 times more likely to die of a drug overdose within two weeks after reentry. Nearly 83% will likely be rearrested. This complex problem has a costly impact. In 2017, 25,450 Alaskans were victims of crimes directly attributed to substance misuse for a total cost of over $2.3 billion.

Description
The Alaska Recidivism Reduction and Recovery Project is a comprehensive intervention addressing the primary risk factors of ongoing criminal activity and substance misuse within an innovative therapeutic campus model and a mobile health platform. The intervention uses a conceptual framework derived from the European Union's Triple-R Model and the Norway Model of Restorative Justice. Living on a therapeutic campus for an average of 6-18 months, formerly incarcerated adults engage in a suite of services designed to transform criminogenic needs. Services also employ an innovative mobile health platform using Oracle's Intelligent Advisor technology. The project aims to increase access to critical community care, improve participants' quality of life, and improve public health and safety by reducing crime related to substance misuse.

Results
Preliminary results suggest the intervention may significantly improve access to care upon reentry while creating meaningful changes in criminogenic needs. Early indications also suggest substantial cost savings may be achieved. For every 80 successful participants in Alaska, data suggests cost savings and net economic benefits may reach $20 million.

Lessons
European concepts can be successfully replicated in Alaska to create an impactful intervention addressing criminal recidivism and addiction. Given the correlation between crime and addiction, this practice may provide a critical pathway for improving public health and safety.

Key messages
European conceptual frameworks can be successfully replicated in Alaska to create a meaningful community-based intervention for reducing criminal recidivism and substance misuse. An innovative intervention in Alaska addressing the primary risk factors of criminal activity and substance misuse demonstrates the potential to achieve significant social impact and cost savings.
Trends in current alcohol use among Japanese adolescents by sociodemographic groups
Authors: Takakura M , Kyan A , Miyagi M , Kobayashi M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Alcohol is the most commonly used substance among Japanese adolescents, although its use has been declining recently. However, little is known whether the declining trend in adolescent drinking can be found across all sociodemographic characteristics. This study explored time trends in alcohol use among Japanese adolescents by sociodemographic characteristics between 2008 and 2016.

Methods
A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted using data from three prefectural-wide surveys of public high schools in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, in 2008, 2012, and 2016. The study participants comprised 7,807 students in grades 10 to 12 (15-18 years). Alcohol use was defined as drinking one or more alcoholic beverages on at least one day in the past month. Demographic characteristics included grade, sex, and region, and socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed by family structure, parental education, and school type. Time trends in alcohol use over time by each sociodemographic group were assessed by the Cochran-Armitage test for trend.

Results
The overall prevalence of adolescent alcohol use significantly reduced from 20.7% (95% CI 19.1-22.3%) in 2008 to 9.5% (95%CI 8.4-10.6%) in 2016. Similar reducing trends in adolescent alcohol use were found across all of the demographic characteristics as well as the SES groups (all P for trends &lt;0.001). During the survey periods, there were no sex differences in alcohol use prevalence, while alcohol use was more prevalent among old graders. Alcohol use was also more prevalent among low SES groups than high SES groups. However, family structure in 2016 did not show significant differences in alcohol use.

Conclusions
Alcohol use among Japanese adolescents has been declining over time and this downward trend was similar for all demographic and socioeconomic subgroups. Further adolescent drinking prevention efforts should be implemented across all population subgroups. Moreover. monitoring of adolescent alcohol use should be continued.

Key messages
This study found that adolescent alcohol use in Japan has been decreasing over time across all population subgroups. The finding is a desired outcome from the viewpoint of the public health impact.
Healthy behavior – a conscious choice or unwanted trouble? Study among active population in Bulgaria
Authors: Georgieva S , Kamburova M , Mineva-Dimitrova E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Official statistics in Bulgaria, as well as a number of empirical studies, show wide spreading of behaviour risk factors and their associated diseases in Bulgarian population. Legislative measures and health promotion programs aim to curb the unhealthy behavior and to incite conscious healthy choices. The purpose of this report is to investigate the attitude of active age people to behaviour change and the barriers they encounter in its implementation.

Methods
Data were collected by direct individual self-administered questionnaire, within a larger research project on health of active population in Bulgaria. It includes 326 employees in a study representing different branches, companies and professions. Questions have asked about distribution of risk factors and attitude to potential behavior change. Data processing was performed by SPSS v.24.

Results
Number of people willing, considering or already making a change depends on the factor studied. Respondents ready to make a change in their diet are 44.6%. Over ¼ of them have already started or trying to confirm this change. In the last 12 months 56.3% have made efforts to improve their physical activity, but in 75.7% of cases the activities were irregular, low-intense and don't fully comply with WHO recommendations. The desire to improve physical activity is significantly higher in people performing intellectual work (p &lt; 0.05). Although 47.5% of the study subjects identify themselves as smokers, 64.1% of them don't have a sense of risky behavior and have no intention to eradicate this habit, 9.8% consider that negative effects will not affect them and 26.1% define behavior change as a long, difficult, expensive and inconvenient process they can't cope with.

Conclusions
Study results confirm high distribution of behavior risk factors in Bulgarian active population. A conscious readiness for behavior change is closely related to the factor, professional characteristics of people and their health knowledge.

Key messages
There is a wide spreading of life-style risk factors in active age population in Bulgaria. Behavior change and adoption of healthy behavior is a necessity and a conscious choice for many people. A conscious readiness for adoption of healthy habits depends on the factor, knowledge about its harmful effect, profession, as well as difficulties that people face in the process of behavior change.
Health-related quality of life according to the presence of insulin resistance in ten years follow-up
Authors: Kažukauskienė N , Podlipskytė A , Varoneckas G , Mickuvienė N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Insulin resistance is the primary cause of metabolic syndrome, which in turn reflects a real variety of risk factors, closely linked to each other. Thus, we aimed to investigate health-related quality of life scores according to the presence of insulin resistance among citizens of Palanga in Lithuania, in the survey in 2003 and 2013.

Methods
A randomized epidemiological study was performed out for 835 subjects. All study participants were evaluated according to for socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral factors, health-related quality of life and self-perceived health using questionnaires. Fasting blood samples were draw from all participants for biochemical tests for the glucose and insulin. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.

Results
All study participants were stratified into groups without and with insulin resistance in the survey in 2003 and 2013 years follow up. Participants with insulin resistance were more likely to be male, with higher body mass index, had lower than higher education, and with moderate self-related health. In subjects with insulin resistance, after adjusting with various factors, logistic regression analysis showed, that within 10 years, a significantly higher chance of deteriorating health-related quality of life in the areas of: physical functioning (odss ratio [OR] = 1.15, p &lt; 0.001), emotional role limitations (OR = 1.07, p = 0.034), social functioning (OR = 1.26, p = 0.004), pain (OR = 1.09, p = 0.005) and general health perception (OR = 1.07, p = 0.022).

Conclusions
People with insulin resistance are significantly more likely to have a deterioration in their health-related quality of life in the areas of physical functioning, emotional role limitations, social functioning, pain and general health perception after 10 years period.

Key messages
Over the course of ten years, significant changes were observed in domains of physical functioning, social functioning and general health perception in subjects with insulin resistance. Results of this study provide evidence that individuals with insulin resistance have a significantly higher chance of deteriorating health-related quality of life within 10 years.
Is fruit intake associated with common carotid intima-media thickness?
Authors: Koeder C , Hahn A , Englert H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Common carotid intima-media thickness (ccIMT) is an established risk marker for cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which are of high public health relevance. While a higher fruit intake is generally considered beneficial for cardiovascular health, recent studies have shown that a fruit intake of &gt; 2 portions per day may be harmful. Therefore, we tested if there is an association between categories of fruit intake and mean ccIMT.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory, non-prespecified, cross-sectional analysis of baseline values of 167 mostly middle-aged participants of a controlled lifestyle intervention, recruited from the general population in rural northwest Germany (male: n = 58; female: n = 109). Fruit intake was classified into low (&lt;1 portion of fruit/day), intermediate (1-2 portions of fruit/day), and high (&gt;2 portions of fruit/day). Mean ccIMT was measured in accordance with the Mannheim consensus. Between-group differences in mean ccIMT were assessed with analysis of covariance.

Results
Mean age was 57.3 ± 0.7 years (mean ± SEM). Mean fruit intake was 1.6 ± 0.1 portions/day. Average mean ccIMT was 0.679 ± 0.010 mm. There was a significant difference in mean ccIMT between subjects with low (0.676 ± 0.020 mm; n = 50), intermediate (0.653 ± 0.014 mm; n = 72), and high fruit intake (0.724 ± 0.019 mm; n = 45; p = 0.016). But this difference was attenuated when adjusting for age, sex, and homocysteine (p = 0.418).

Conclusions
We found only a non-significant association between consuming &gt;2 portions of fruit per day and ccIMT. Thus, our study could not confirm a negative effect of fruit intake on ccIMT. Age, sex, and homocysteine may confound this association.

Key messages
Current recommendations of 2 portions of fruit per day seem adequate and do not negatively influence carotid intima-media thickness. Future studies should address confounding of the association between fruit intake and cardiovascular risk markers.
Evalution of sleep quality and sleep hygiene information for the employees of one of the company
Authors: Daymaz D , Yıldız AN 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
In this study, it was aimed to determine the sleep quality of the employees at the head office of a company and providing information about sleep health and sleep hygiene to people who had poor sleep quality to evaluate the effect of this intervention on sleep quality.

Methods
The research was carried out in two stages as descriptive and intervention and data were collected under observation in October 2016 and March-April 2017 and information was given in February 2017 in Ankara. Data were collected from 160 of 408 participants who had bad sleep quality and/or sleepiness formed the intervention group.

Results
In this study 58.8% of the participants were male and 74.0% were married. 46.3% of the participants stated that they slept for seven hours or more. It was determined that 36.8% had bad sleep quality and 15.3% had sleepiness. Those who had non communicable disease (p:0,025) and those who indicate that they have sleep problems with the light in the room while sleeping significantly had worse sleep quality. It was found that participants who had bad sleep quality also had higher sleepiness rate (p &lt; 0,001). According to the logistic regression analysis, sleep quality of the participants who had problems in the last month was worse than who had not problems (OR = 2.34, 95%CI = [1,11-4,95]) and who have children under the age of five was worse than who did not have child (OR = 2.27, 95%CI = [1,04-4,99]). Before intervantion, Pittsburg Sleep Ouality Index point average of all participants was 7,6±2,4, after intervantion it was 6,1±2,9 (p &lt; 0,001). While significancy continues for whom attended to the information conference and got at least an e-mail, for people who could not attend to any intervantion, the change of point become unsignificant.

Conclusions
Evaluation of the effects of the intervention revealed that it would be beneficial to incorporate topics on sleep health and sleep hygiene in the mandatory occupational health education in the workplace.

Key messages
At the beginning of the study 36.8% of participants had bad sleep quality and and 15.3% participants had sleepiness. After intervantion Pittsburg Sleep Quality index point average of whom attended to the information conference and got at least an e-mail positively affected.
Participate Brussels, a collaborative research on healthcare personalisation for chronic patients
Authors: Dauvrin M , Lenoble T , Schmitz O , Servais J , Aujoulat I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Integrating patients ‘preferences in the management of chronic diseases improves patient compliance and quality of care: this assumption is at the core of the healthcare personalisation. However, it is unclear how healthcare personalisation is negotiated and put into practice by patients and healthcare professionals. The collaborative research Participate Brussels aimed at co-constructing interventions promoting healthcare personalisation for persons living with a chronic disease in the context of the Brussels region, Belgium.

Methods
In a first step (2018-2019), 46 professionals (nurses, physicians, social workers, alternative practitioners…) and 26 adult patients living with a chronic disease participated in comprehensive interviews. Data were analysed using the ground theory approach. Results of these interviews were discussed between patients and professionals during 6 analysis seminaries in 2019-2020 where researchers acted as facilitators of the dialogue by using participative methods. Finally, solutions to improve healthcare personalisation were prioritized and co-created by patients and professionals in 2020-2021.

Results
Eleven interventions to improve healthcare personalisation for persons living with a chronic disease were co-constructed by patients, healthcare professionals, and researchers. Five interventions targeted the patient level, 3 addressed the organisational level and 3 the macro level. All these interventions were adapted to the regional context and 2 were tested into practice by professionals and patients.

Conclusions
The collaborative approach used in this project allowed for the development of interventions tailored to both the needs of patients and professionals. These interventions potentialize each other and contribute to the healthcare personalisation in a health promotion perspective. Despite the challenges of the collaborative approach, this project succeeded in making both patients and professionals actors of the research.

Key messages
Healthcare personalisation helps to integrate patient preferences into healthcare, but it remains unclear how to put it into practice. Co-created interventions have a better potential to improve quality of care for both patients and healthcare professionals.
Acceptability and feasibility of healthy diet, physical activity, and hygiene intervention components
Authors: Orighoye O , Maynard M , Apekey T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Childhood malnutrition is a major public health concern. We evaluated components and outcome measures for potential interventions promoting a healthy diet, physical activity (PA), and good hygiene among children in Lagos, Nigeria. This mixed-methods study, informed by the Medical Research Council Framework for development of complex interventions, took place in a semi-urban area. Participants in school and community settings were recruited via town criers and community networks. Acceptability and feasibility of 12 intervention sessions (10 school; 2 community) and the Global School-based Student Health Survey (diet, PA, hygiene knowledge/practices questionnaire and body mass index (BMI) measures) were evaluated in qualitative interviews, completion and data quality, respectively. Participants included 130 children aged 8-15yrs; 3 children and their parents took part in qualitative interviews. All 12 sessions were delivered with 100% participation. Session components and delivery were deemed acceptable; however, parents highlighted the timing of the sessions and integration into the school curriculum as potential barriers to sustainability. Researcher capacity and school timing impacted the completion of the survey and measurements (n = 59; 45% response rate). There were no missing questionnaire data. Questionnaire and measurement outcomes were similar across settings except for the proportion of children reporting no handwashing before eating at school (91% school vs 88% community; p = 0.006). This may reflect the inappropriateness of some questionnaire items for non-school attending children. Interventions addressing diet, PA and hygiene may be acceptable and feasible in low resource school and community settings in Nigeria. Increased researcher capacity and adaptation of outcomes measures for non-school attending children may be needed.

Key messages
Diet, PA and hygiene interventions may be acceptable and feasible in Nigeria. Researcher capacity and questionnaire adaptation may be needed.
Identifying the potentials of the Place Standard tool in municipal health promotion in Europe
Authors: Tollmann P , Kaczmarczyk D , Kuchler M , Köckler H , Leimann J , Mielenbrink V , Rauscher M , Quilling E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Municipal health promotion provides the opportunity to promote health equity and to design health-promoting living environments by developing individual strategies. The Place Standard tool is a participatory instrument to identify needs by asking citizens to evaluate their living environment. It is increasingly being implemented and recommended on an international level. The aim of the study was to identify the potential of the Place Standard tool for the development of strategies in a municipal context as well as to identify facilitators and barriers when designing these.

Methods
Within a qualitative study design, nine guided interviews were conducted with international experts who have applied the tool at a municipal level in Europe. The interviews were recorded, subsequently transcribed and analysed using MAXQDA software. The analysis was based on a qualitative content analysis according to Mayring, using a deductively developed category system.

Results
A total of 355 statements were analysed. Some refer to the fact that a comprehensive needs analysis is enabled by the Place Standard tool, empowerment can be promoted and that the development of strategies can only be carried out with follow-up work. Furthermore, some facilitating factors, e.g. participation and intersectoral cooperation, were described. Mentioned inhibiting factors are e.g. lack of support from political decision-makers and the Covid 19 pandemic.

Conclusions
The results of the research indicate that the Place Standard tool can be used to identify priorities for action regarding the needs of the population at a municipal level. They show that a successful strategy development for municipal health promotion strongly relies on the application of the tool in an overall process.

Key messages
The Place Standard tool can be used to analyse needs at a municipal level. In order to develop sustainable strategies for municipal health promotion, it should be applied in an integrated process.
E-cigarettes use associated with lung injury based on Health Belief Model among university students
Authors: Chinwong D , Panya J , Buasathit N , Chinwong S , Klinjun N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
E-cigarette use was associated with health effects, including lung injury. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the university students' health belief in e-cigarette use associated with lung injury based on the Health Belief Model (HBM).

Methods
We collected data using an online self-administered questionnaire from December 2020 to February 2021 from university students at two universities in northern Thailand who were currently using e-cigarettes. The HBM was measured using questions with a 4-Likert-scale answer (1=strongly disbelieve,2=disbelieve,3=believe,4=strongly believe), then the answers were categorized into 2 groups (belief and disbelief).

Results
Of 306 students (61% men, the mean age of 21.8 ± 3.0 years), 53% used both e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes, and 47% used only e-cigarettes. It showed that 74% of students believed that if they used e-cigarettes, they were at risk of lung injury (HBM: perceived susceptibility), and 68% believed that they had a chance to die from lung injury caused by using e-cigarettes (HBM: perceived severity), and 76% believed that quitting e-cigarettes could reduce the chance of death from lung injury (HBM: perceived benefits). Most students (62%) believed that the strongest barrier for quitting e-cigarettes was that it required a high effort and strong intention (HBM: perceived barriers of quitting e-cigarette), and 76% of students perceived their self-efficacy and believed that when they intended to quit e-cigarettes, they would be successful (HBM: perceived self-efficacy). Most participants believed that family members (78%), lovers (75%), and university restrictions (53%) exerted a positive influence in quitting e-cigarettes (HBM: cues to action).

Conclusions
The HBM helps us to understand using e-cigarettes associated with lung injury among university students. The university should initiate health promotion activities concerning reducing e-cigarettes use among adolescents and young adults.

Key messages
Using e-cigarettes is dangerous for health including lung injury, and university students should stop using e-cigarettes. The university should initiate or enhance prevention and health promotion activities concerning reducing e-cigarettes use among adolescent and young adults.