bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Anxiety/Depression Scores in COVID-19 Patients with Disease Severity, Sleep Patterns, and Certain Laboratory Test Results
Authors: Meng Zi-Qiang , Leng Qi , Wang Xu , Xu Chun-Hai , Xu Jing , Liu Yan 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with severe emotional changes. This research aims to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in COVID-19 patients and its relationship with disease severity, sleep patterns, lifestyle, and specific laboratory test results.Material and methodsAn observational study of 52 Chinese patients with COVID-19 was conducted to assess the relation between anxiety and depression (evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and laboratory findings (lymphocytes, C-reactive proteins, leukocytes, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase). The relationships between the severity of COVID-19 in patients, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score were also investigated.ResultsThere was a significant statistical difference between the disease, smoking, and HADS-A scores (P = 0.011 / 0.020). The HADS-D score of patients with the disease was higher than in those without the past medical history (P = 0.008). The difference in C-reactive protein (CRP) between different lung infections, the HADS-A and HADS-D scores between different ages and ISI groups, and the correlation between the two scores were statistically significant.ConclusionsAnxiety and depression are associated with poor sleep quality, smoking, and past medical history in patients with COVID-19. Additionally, anxiety and depression were seen to coexist, and there was a positive correlation between them. Further, the inflammatory index CRP was significantly increased in bilateral lung infections.
Ethical Leadership for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries
Authors: Patrick Okanga Nyangena Emily; Protus Akujah; 
Published: May 2021

The study was intended to investigate how ethical leadership is a crucial ingredient in achieving sustainable development in third world countries. Sustainability leadership entails mindful actions and behaviours which embrace a global perspective to recognise the link between earth and humanity. Hence, through personal and organisational choices, a leader is expected to affect positive environmental and social change. Sustainable leaders are rare today, and this is the reason why this study focuses on how sustainable leadership will act as a force towards sustainable development more especially for developing countries. This study concentrated purely on secondary sources of information. It described, summarised and discussed information initially presented in other academic publications sources like textbooks, journal articles, book reviews, commentaries, eBooks, etc. The study came into a conclusion that sustainable leadership is essential for sustainable development of a society. Nurturing an ethical leader is essential and will determine the transformation speed in overall development. It is collectively agreeable that resources are numerous, but leadership styles have been a letdown in many societies due to the plundering of public resources. There is a lack of public inclusivity in decision making. What society lacks most is moral leadership. This is the missing link in the sustainable development agenda.
Current Established Structures That Run SDA Church Programs in Nakuru East and West Sub-Counties
Authors: John Ekwenye Evans Mong’are Ooga; 
Published: May 2021

Spiritual growth and development of the Seventh-day Adventist church are significant in its life. It is important that the church fulfils its mandate of reaching people with the gospel and retain those who have already believed. While there is generally a growth in membership in the Adventist church in Africa, this is not the case in the Seventh-day Adventist churches in East and West Sub-counties in Nakuru County, Kenya. This study examined the currently established structures that run SDA church programs in Nakuru East and West Sub-counties. The researcher employed descriptive research designs with both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results indicated that believers indeed had spiritual challenges that hindered the church from growing. It was found out that with commitment and education in the word of God members have the potential to reach the masses with the word of God. The findings from the study indicate that the Sabbath school and afternoon programs were poorly attended. It was also observed that family life becomes very repulsive because it touched on the personal lives of Members. It has been observed that though structures are in place, there is difficulty in fulfilling the programs on time. The leaders of the churches in this locality will need to work together with the laity in addressing the spiritual challenges. When they work together results be a religious people and a church ready to fulfil God's mission. The spiritual leaders need to take a front lead. In addition, departmental leaders in the church should design spiritual programs that are vibrant and that are inclusive encourage the participation of all members.
Influence of Cultural Modernization on Employee Performance: A Case of Nakuru Lands Offices in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: David Gichuhi Carolynn Waweru; Peter Koome; 
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to examine how cultural modernization has influenced employees' performance at the Nakuru Lands Offices. Various modernization programs have been undertaken among Kenyan public institutions with the view of improving employee performance. In the Ministry of Lands, various modernization initiatives have been implemented while others are ongoing. This study utilized the descriptive research design and targeted 56 operations employees and 6 heads of departments (HODs) at the Nakuru Lands Offices. Data was collected using structured questionnaires from all the 56 operations employees. Data was also collected through semi-structured interviews with all the six HODs at Nakuru Land Office. Quantitative data collected using questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics while the qualitative data collected through interviews was analyzed using the thematic technique. Results showed that the Nakuru Land Offices had made remarkable progress in terms of cultural modernization (score=82.9%). Pearson correlation analysis showed that cultural modernization (r= 0.509, sig=.000) has a positive and statistically significant association with employees' performance. This relationship was also supported by regression analysis results (β= .537, sig= .007). The study recommends that to significantly improve the level of employees' performance, the management at the Nakuru Land Office should cultivate a culture that supports employees' learning and growth and develop strategies for increasing organizational commitment among staff.
Examining the Homosexual Worldview and its Implications for African Religious Contexts
Authors: Rotich Shadrack Chebet 
Published: May 2021

This study's purpose is to help individual Christians and church, in general, to critically examine the homosexual worldview that is forcefully advancing against the biblical worldview and the potential threats it poses to the sanctity of human life and sexuality. Homosexuality is no longer a secret issue in this generation. It has invaded the social, cultural and religious circus. It is high time for the church to study, expose and confront this evil. Any compromise will cause the church to lose its ethos and headed for peril. Edward T. Welch, in his booklet on Homosexuality; Speaking the truth in love, acknowledges that “homosexuality is the hot issue of the day even more than abortion” (Welch, 2000). This study is of benefit to all religious organisations that subscribe to Christian biblical values.
The Impact of the African Inland Mission (AIM) On Social Change between 1895 and 1971 in Machakos District, Kenya
Authors: Muia Musyoki A. , Matheka Prof. Reuben , Chepchieng Dr. Mary 
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at analysing the African Inland Mission and social transformation in Machakos District of Eastern Kenya from 1895 to 1971. It sought to establish how the elements of the Akamba social life underwent a social change as a result of the mission's presence in the district. The study was guided by the question: How effective was the mission in influencing social change in the district? The structural- functionalism theory formulated by Herbert Spencer and developed further by Emile Durkheim was used to analyse the role of the African Inland Mission in influencing social change in Machakos District. The qualitative research design involving the use of in-depth interviews with key informants was used. A target population consisting of local residents, former administrators and African Inland Mission/church leaders was interviewed. The study used the purposive method of sampling. Primary data was collected using in-depth oral interviews as well as from archival records, while secondary data was obtained through a thematic review of literature related to the topic of study. This study has provided sufficient knowledge on the African Inland Mission and the social transformation in Machakos District in the colonial and the early post-colonial periods of Kenyan history. In addition, the findings have constituted part of the historiography of the African Inland Mission in Kenya.
The Effect of Product and Service Innovations on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Patrick Kibati; John Kipkorir Tanui Gladys Chepngetich Tonui; 
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to establish the effect of product /service innovations on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The 40 commercial banks was the population of this study which were in operation in Kenya as at December, 2017. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Explanatory research design was used. Questionnaires were used to gather primary data. Secondary data was collected from Central Bank annual report to validate communicative and validity of primary data. Quantitative analysis in the research was facilitated by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the completed questionnaires was examined and the information for each item was further processed and analysed. The results obtained was further presented in charts and tables. Regression and correlation analysis were used to study the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables of the study. These were employed to analyze the data and find out whether financial performance of commercial banks was influenced by banks innovations. The results showed that most commercial banks have concentrated on their profits by creating new products and services which have minimized their operational costs. This study used Cronbach Alpha test of internal consistency to analyze the accuracy of the research tool based on pilot data. The study recommended that banks should consider incorporating the new technology as it will increase the firms’ performance and to ensure their new products and services, are readily available in the market. The study recommended that the banking sector ought to continue investing on more innovative delivery channels since this improves banks capability to regulate expenditure. These will in turn, facilitates reduction in cost in every unit of service thus improved return on assets to financial institutions effective monitoring of accounting and auditing. Financial institutions should ensure that the banking innovations are well secured for customers to have confidence in using mobile banking and internet banking.
Demographic Factors Influencing the Adoption of Mobile Phones in the Utilization of Formal Financial Services by Smallholder Farmers in Kenya
Authors: Wabwire Joseph Masinde 
Published: May 2021

The study aimed at assessing the demographic factors influencing adoption of mobile phones in the utilization of formal financial services by smallholder farmers in Kenya. Financial access household survey showed that 80 percent of Kenyan adults own a formal bank account. Whilst significant advances have been made in financial technology products, their penetration and usage among smallholder farmers in utilizing financial services and particularly the demographic factors influencing them remains unestablished. Research into more innovative, intermediated solutions, effective participation and inclusion of appropriate community-based groups in mobile financial services is, therefore, necessary. The target population for this study were smallholder farmers from Nakuru, Busia and Kirinyaga Counties in Kenya. Simple random sampling and Convenience sampling techniques were used to select 496 smallholder farmers as respondents for the study. Data was collected using copies of a researcher developed questionnaire and data collection sheet. Quantitative data was analysed using multiple linear regression analysis with the aid of SPSS software. The findings revealed that demographic factors were important in predicting mobile phone utilization for formal financial services among smallholder farmers in Kenya. Therefore, the study recommends that mobile phone mobile service providers should collaborate with financial service providers to enable the farmers upgrade their phones to access more financial services platforms.
Influence of the Payment Intervals on Beneficiaries’ Social and Economic Development in Moyale Sub-County, Marsabit
Authors: Dr Charles N. Mogote Simeon Nyabuto Ogao; 
Published: May 2021

The objectives of this research were, to assess the effects, the payment intervals to beneficiaries influence their social and economic development in Moyale Sub-County, Marsabit. The study was anchored on Amartya Sen’s Human Development Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Pyramid of Hierarchy of Needs and the Participatory Development Theory propagated by the Asian Development Bank. The researcher embraced a descriptive survey design, using clustering and proportional random sampling in arriving at the research sample. The research population was 1196 households in the study area. Out of this, a sample of 300 households were determined using a verifiable statistical formula. Of the selected households, both adult and children, participated as respondents. A questionnaire, an interview schedule and a focus group discussions guide were used in collecting the data. The tools were tested through a pilot study in three purposively selected clusters (Locations) to determine their reliability and validity. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings were presented using various cartographical presentations. The use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was applied in analysing of the data. The study concluded that Cash transfer programs could be an effective way of addressing poverty, hunger, gender inequalities among children in marginalized areas and communities. The study recommends that the beneficiaries of the cash transfers be given training on financial management, long-term investments, and savings.
Socio-Economic Factors and Utilization of Formal Financial Services among smallholder Farmers in Kenya.
Authors: Joseph Masinde Wabwire  
Published: May 2021

The main aim of this research was to establish the effect of socio-economic factors on utilization of formal financial services among smallholder farmers in Kenya. Farmers in low-income counties encounter a number of challenges among them limited access to finance. Financing agriculture, therefore, becomes a critical service to enable the full realization of the sector’s potential. In Kenya, the advent of innovative banking models through commercial banks such as Equity bank have seen a higher proportion of the rural population who were previously unreached being reached by financial services. That said, the subscription to formal financial services by small holder farmers is still low and many of them either shy away from formal financial institutions or are simply ineligible for the services due to lack of a banking profile with the institutions. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. The target population for this study were smallholder farmers from Nakuru, Busia and Kirinyaga Counties in Kenya. The study sample was determined using simple random sampling. The sample size was 560 smallholder farmers. The questionnaire and secondary information were the key instruments for data collection. Quantitative data was analysed using multiple linear regression equations with the aid of SPSS software. The study established that the socio-economic factors significantly affected utilization of formal financial services by the smallholder farmers in the country. Policy Makers should therefore, encourage small holder farmers by way of incentives to disclose their annual income so as to improve their chances of accessing formal financial services that can expand their enterprises.
Institutional Context Factors and Female Students’ Choice of Career in Science TVET in Technical Training Institutes in Siaya County, Kenya.
Authors: Prof Frederick B. J. A. Ngala; Prof Henry K. Kiplangat Ohanya George Ochieng; 
Published: May 2021

This study sought to determine the relationship between selected institutional context factors and female students' choice of career in science TVET in Technical Training Institutes in Siaya County, Kenya. The study was guided by Social Cognitive Theory as posited by Bandura (1986) and Holland's Theory of Occupational Choice (1959, revised 2017). The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Reliability was tested using a test-retest method. Cronbach alpha method was also used to test internal reliability. The research instruments were questionnaires for lecturers, female and male students. Piloting was done in the village polytechnics a sample size of 316 female students sampled using census method. Also, 291 male students from a total target population of 1136 determined using Krejcie and Morgan Sample Size Determination (1970) formular. Proportionate sampling technique was used to sample respondents in different strata and TTIs. Tools in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 were used to analyse data. Frequencies, percentages and means were computed. Inferential statistics, namely; regression coefficients, T-statistics, F-statistics, correlation of coefficients, were derived. The findings were presented in tables. The researcher concluded that there was a strong, negative and statistically significant relationship between institutional context factors and female students' choice of career in science TVET Programmes (r=-0.726**; p<0.01). The researcher recommended that effective career counselling services should be put in place in all TTIs offering TVET science courses and TTIs should encourage lecturers to seek higher education in pedagogy.
The Influence of Recreational Resources on Retention of Pupils with Disabilities in Mainstreamed Primary Schools in Bomet County, Kenya.
Authors: Prof Frederick B. J. A. Ngala; Prof Henry K. Kiplangat Daniel Kipkirui Ngeno; 
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study was to determine the influence of recreational resources on retention of pupils with disabilities in mainstreamed primary schools in Bomet County, Kenya. This study is embedded in the Systems Theory (Bertalanffy, 1968). It adopted a correlational research design. The target population was 840 teachers. Yamane table (1967) was used to get a sample size of 278 teachers. The multi-stage sampling procedure was applied. Data was collected, coded and analysed. The findings of the study revealed that physical resources and instructional resources significantly influence retention of pupils with disabilities (β=0.192 and β =0.421, respectively). Similarly, provision of adequate trained teachers and recreational resources were seen to influence the retention of pupils significantly with disabilities in mainstreamed Primary Schools (β =0.253 and β =0.250, respectively). The study concludes that recreational resources significantly influence retention of pupils with disabilities in mainstreamed Primary Schools. Many schools did not provide recreational resources for PWDs. Play-toys for PWDs were not available. Besides, assistive technology, for example, amplified talking Braille for pupils with disabilities (PWDs) were also not available. The lack of recreational resource for learners with disabilities could affect retention of their in mainstreamed schools. The study recommends provision of recreational resources such as in-door and outdoor equipment, play kits and field markers.
Disaster Management Preparedness in the Education Sector in Kenya – A Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Authors: Stephen W Ndung’u Prof. Fr. Stephen Mbugua Ngari; 
Published: May 2021

This study examined the disaster management preparedness in the education sector in Kenya, with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic period. The study adopted destktop literature review for data collection. The collected data pertains e-learning in Kenya and in other countries during the time of the novel coronavirus pandemic. Notably, the education sector, like in many other countries, seeks to actualise the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in line with the United Nations and the Education for All (EFA) movement lead by UNESCO (MacEwen, et al., 2011). Examples of these events are; accidents such as the one evident in Kakamega Primary School where the school closed for about two weeks (Daily Nation, 2020), attack by militia groups as was the case of Garissa University in 2015, intercommunity wars that lead to displacements, famine, and fires. These disasters and events, whenever they strike, have led to the closure of affected institutions of learning to pave the way for interventions. Garissa University is a leading example since it had to close for about nine months in 2015-2016 (BBC, 2016). In Kenya, disasters and other events disrupt the progress towards achieving MDGs and EFA time to time, and that was the inspiration for this study. The study concludes that disasters like nature patterns, militia groups, electricity faults, and those instigated by learners can derail learning in education and cause loss of lives. As such, online learning comes in handy to lessen such disasters. The possibility of such learning model has been tested and proved during COVID-19 pandemic and it has been successful in many institutions of higher learning and middle level colleges.