bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive comparison between 222 CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency and 212 LRBA deficiency patients: a systematic review
Authors: Jamee M , Hosseinzadeh S , Sharifinejad N , Zaki-Dizaji M , Matloubi M , Hasani M , Baris S , Alsabbagh M , Lo B , Azizi G 
Published: March 2021

SummaryCytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) haploinsufficiency (CHAI) and lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) deficiency (LATAIE) are newly identified inborn errors of immunity with shared molecular pathomechanisms and clinical manifestations. In this review, we aimed to provide differential comparisons regarding demographic, clinical, immunological and molecular characteristics between these two similar conditions. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases and included studies were systematically evaluated. Overall, 434 (222 CHAI and 212 LATAIE) patients were found in 101 eligible studies. The CHAI patients were mainly reported from North America and western Europe, while LATAIE patients were predominantly from Asian countries. In CHAI, positive familial history (P &lt; 0·001) and in LATAIE, consanguineous parents (P &lt; 0·001) were more common. In CHAI patients the rates of granulomas (P &lt; 0·001), malignancies (P = 0·001), atopy (P = 0·001), cutaneous disorders (P &lt; 0·001) and neurological (P = 0·002) disorders were higher, while LATAIE patients were more commonly complicated with life-threatening infections (P = 0·002), pneumonia (P = 0·006), ear, nose and throat disorders (P &lt; 0·001), organomegaly (P = 0·023), autoimmune enteropathy (P = 0·038) and growth failure (P &lt; 0·001). Normal lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulins except low serum levels of CD9+ B cells (14·0 versus 38·4%, P &lt; 0·001), natural killer (NK) cells (21 versus 41·1%, P &lt; 0·001), immunoglobulin (Ig)G (46·9 versus 41·1%, P = 0·291) and IgA (54·5 versus 44·7%, P = 0·076) were found in the majority of CHAI and LATAIE patients, respectively. The most frequent biological immunosuppressive agents prescribed for CHAI and LATAIE patients were rituximab and abatacept, respectively. Further investigations into the best conditioning and treatment regimens pre- and post-transplantation are required to improve the survival rate of transplanted CHAI and LATAIE patients.
Adiponectin is associated with insulin sensitivity in white European men but not black African men
Authors: Hakim Olah , Bello Oluwatoyosi , Ladwa Meera , Shojaee‐Moradie Fariba , Jackson Nicola , Peacock Janet L. , Umpleby A. Margot , Charles‐Edwards Geoffrey , Amiel Stephanie A. , Goff Louise M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsWe aimed to assess ethnic differences in inflammatory markers and their relationships with insulin sensitivity and regional adiposity between white European and black African men.MethodsA total of 53 white European and 53 black African men underwent assessment of inflammatory markers alongside Dixon‐magnetic resonance imaging to quantify subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and intrahepatic lipid. A hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp was used to measure whole‐body and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. To assess ethnic differences in relationships, the statistical significance of an interaction term between adipokines and ethnic group was tested in multivariable regression models.ResultsThe black African men exhibited significantly lower adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and greater interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) compared to white European men (all p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant ethnic differences in leptin, resistin, IL‐6, interferon‐γ, IL‐13, IL‐1β, IL‐8 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Several relationships differed significantly by ethnicity such that they were stronger in white European than black African men including IL‐6 with visceral adipose tissue; adiponectin with subcutaneous adipose tissue; leptin with intrahepatic lipid; adiponectin, IL‐6 and TNF‐α with whole‐body insulin sensitivity and TNF‐α with adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (all pinteraction <0.05). Leptin significantly predicted whole‐body insulin sensitivity in white European (R2 = 0.51) and black African (R2 = 0.29) men; however, adiponectin was a statistically significant predictor in only white European men (R2 = 0.22).ConclusionsWhile adiponectin is lower in black African men, its insulin sensitising effects may be greater in white men suggesting that the role of adipokines in the development of type 2 diabetes may differ by ethnicity.
Pedobarographic Statistical Parametric Mapping may identify specific plantar pressure patterns in patients with diabetes mellitus among different degrees of peripheral neuropathy: A pilot study
Authors: Chatrenet Antoine , Beaune Bruno , Audebrand Jean‐Michel , Torreggiani Massimo , Piccoli Giorgina Barbara , Morel Baptiste 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsPeripheral neuropathy (PN) in patients with diabetes can lead to changes in the distribution of plantar pressure during walking, which can be recorded with pedobarography. Compared to traditional spatial data reduction analysis, the pedobarographic Statistical Parametric Mapping (pSPM) allows comparison of the footprints with the advantage that sub‐regions do not need to be defined a priori. Aim of the study was to test the potential of pSPM in identifying specific distribution of spatial pressure in different stages of PN.MethodsPN was defined according to usual tools (i.e., tendon reflexes and sensory tests). Four groups were compared: patients with diabetes without PN (n = 24; 239 steps); with signs of mild PN (n = 12; 117 steps); with signs of severe PN (n = 6; 52 steps) and a control group without diabetes (n = 12; 124 steps). Traditional spatial data reduction and pSPM were performed to compare plantar pressures in the different groups.ResultsIn patients with PN, traditional spatial data reduction analysis showed lower plantar pressures with PN severity. pSPM analysis is able to better define the initial changes: mild PN patients presents higher pressures on the anterior side of the metatarsal heads compared to patients without neuropathy. Patients with severe PN are characterised by higher pressures under the medial foot arch compared to other groups.ConclusionspSPM may identify specific features of plantar pressure distribution during walking in patients with mild PN and may become a useful screening tool for a timely identification of this complication.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Association with glycaemic control in gestational diabetes
Authors: Axelsen Silja M. , Kampmann Ulla , Koefoed Anna S. , McIntyre David , Ovesen Per G. , Fuglsang Jens 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine whether the metabolic glucose profile, based on glycaemic control and insulin requirements, was different in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) compared to women with only GDM.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study comprised women with GDM and ICP matched with women with only GDM was undertaken at Aarhus University hospital, Denmark, from 2012 to 2019. A total of 46 cases and 184 controls were compared in relation to glycaemic control during pregnancy. Women with GDM and ICP were further divided into subgroups according to the severity of ICP: mild ICP (fasting bile salts 10–39 μmol/L) and moderate/severe ICP (bile salts ≥40 μmol/L).ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed in baseline 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test values, second and third trimester HbA1c values, or maximum insulin requirements during pregnancy between women with GDM with and without ICP. Significantly more women with ICP developed preeclampsia during pregnancy: 23.9% (11/46) versus 7.6% (14/184); p = 0.003.ConclusionsThis study is the first to address the course of pregnancy in women with GDM with and without ICP in a clinical setting. Under the current treatment guidelines, ICP is not associated with clinically significant changes in glycaemic control in GDM. Significantly more women with both GDM and ICP developed preeclampsia.
Prevalence, clinical impact and costs of hyperkalaemia: Special focus on heart failure
Authors: Maggioni Aldo P. , Dondi Letizia , Andreotti Felicita , Calabria Silvia , Iacoviello Massimo , Gorini Marco , Gonzini Lucio , Piccinni Carlo , Ronconi Giulia , Martini Nello 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyperkalaemia is a potential life‐threatening electrolyte abnormality. Although renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) are potentially life‐saving, they may contribute to hyperkalaemia.MethodsThe prevalence, comorbidities, comedications and 1‐year outcomes of patients admitted or treated for hyperkalaemia were investigated in a large healthcare administrative database including 12 533 230 general population inhabitants. A similar analysis was performed in the Italian Network on Heart Failure (IN‐HF), a cardiology registry of 1726 acute and 7589 chronic HF patients, stratified by serum potassium. General practice healthcare costs related to hyperkalaemia were also assessed. Hyperkalaemia was defined by hospital coding, potassium‐binder prescription or serum levels (mild: 5‐5.4, moderate‐severe: ≥5.5 mmol/L).ResultsIn the general population, the prevalence of hyperkalaemia was 0.035%. After excluding patients on haemodialysis, hyperkalaemia in the community (n = 2314) was significantly and directly associated with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, HF, RAASi prescriptions, 1‐year hospitalisations and threefold annual healthcare costs, compared to age‐ and sex‐matched non‐hyperkalaemic subjects (n = 2314). In the IN‐HF registry, hyperkalaemia affected 4.3% of acute and 3.6% of chronic patients and was significantly associated with diabetes, kidney disease and lesser use of RAASi, compared to normokalaemic patients. Among patients hospitalised for acute HF, those with hyperkalaemia at entry had significantly higher 1‐year all‐cause mortality compared with normokalaemic patients, even after adjustment for available confounders.ConclusionsHyperkalaemia in the general population, although uncommon, was associated with increased hospitalisations and tripling of healthcare costs. Among HF patients, hyperkalaemia was common and associated with underuse of RAASi; in acutely decompensated patients, it remained independently associated with 1‐year all‐cause mortality.
Functional connectivity of the hippocampus and its subfields in resting‐state networks
Authors: Ezama Laura , Hernández‐Cabrera Juan A. , Seoane Sara , Pereda Ernesto , Janssen Niels 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany neuroimaging studies have shown that the hippocampus participates in a resting‐state network called the default mode network. However, how the hippocampus connects to the default mode network, whether the hippocampus connects to other resting‐state networks and how the different hippocampal subfields take part in resting‐state networks remains poorly understood. Here, we examined these issues using the high spatial‐resolution 7T resting‐state fMRI dataset from the Human Connectome Project. We used data‐driven techniques that relied on spatially‐restricted Independent Component Analysis, Dual Regression and linear mixed‐effect group‐analyses based on participant‐specific brain morphology. The results revealed two main activity hotspots inside the hippocampus. The first hotspot was located in an anterior location and was correlated with the somatomotor network. This network was subserved by co‐activity in the CA1, CA3, CA4 and Dentate Gyrus fields. In addition, there was an activity hotspot that extended from middle to posterior locations along the hippocampal long‐axis and correlated with the default mode network. This network reflected activity in the Subiculum, CA4 and Dentate Gyrus fields. These results show how different sections of the hippocampus participate in two known resting‐state networks and how these two resting‐state networks depend on different configurations of hippocampal subfield co‐activity.
Opposing macroevolutionary and trait‐mediated patterns of threat and naturalisation in flowering plants
Authors: Schmidt John Paul , Davies T. Jonathan , Farrell Maxwell J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to expanding global trade and movement of people, new plant species are establishing in exotic ranges at increasing rates while the number of native species facing extinction from multiple threats grows. Yet, how species losses and gains globally may, together, be linked to traits and macroevolutionary processes is poorly understood. Here, we show that, adjusting for diversification rate and clade age, the proportion of threatened species across flowering plant families is negatively related to the proportion of naturalised species per family. Moreover, naturalisation is positively associated with range size, short generation time, autonomous seed production and interspecific hybridisation, but negatively with age and diversification, whereas threat is negatively associated with range size and hybridisation, and positively with biotic pollination, age and diversification rate. That we find such a pronounced signature of naturalisation and threat across plant families suggests that both trait syndromes have coexisted over deep evolutionary time and counter to intuition, that neither strategy is necessarily superior to the other over long evolutionary timespans.
Relationships among somatic growth, climate, and fisheries production in an overexploited marine fish from the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Erisman Brad E. , Reed Erin M. , Román Martha J. , Mascareñas‐Osorio Ismael , van der Sleen Peter , López‐Sagástegui Catalina , Aburto‐Oropeza Octavio , Rowell Kirsten , Black Bryan A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRelationships among somatic growth, climate, and fisheries production are poorly understood for coastal fishes in the Gulf of California (GoC), Mexico, but may serve as an adaptive management tool to set precautionary harvest limits for overfished, data‐limited stocks. We explored linkages among the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), regional sea surface temperatures (SST), otolith growth chronologies of juveniles and adults, and annual landings in the Gulf corvina (Cynoscion othonopterus), an overexploited marine fish that supports the most important coastal finfish fishery in the northern GoC. Both MEI and SST were positively correlated with corvina landings five years later (peak age at capture), indicating that climate conditions at birth were a reliable predictor of future fisheries production. Juvenile growth rate covaried with both MEI and SST, confirming the influence of climate during early life history. There was no significant covariance from year to year in adult growth rate, but there was a significant cohort effect that positively correlated with MEI and SST, suggesting that climate conditions early in life exert lasting impacts that persist through adulthood. Differences in climate–growth relationships between juveniles versus adults were attributed to differences in the geographic distributions of the two life stages. Overall, we conclude that climate variability influences the future harvestable biomass of the corvina fishery via impacts on juvenile growth, and thus survivorship. Systematic monitoring of the corvina population, its fishery, and the biophysical components of the GoC environment must continue to improve our understanding of these climate‐driven processes and the management of the fishery.
Potential long‐distance dispersal of freshwater diatoms adhering to waterfowl plumage
Authors: Manning Faye S. , Curtis P. Jeff , Walker Ian R. , Pither Jason 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Waterfowl are potential long‐distance dispersal vectors for aquatic microbes such as diatoms, but supporting empirical data are scarce, especially concerning external transport on feathers.

We conducted an experiment designed to partially emulate diatom dispersal via adherence to waterfowl, and to evaluate the effects of relative humidity (RH) and exposure time on viability. We dipped individual breast feathers from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in a pure culture of the freshwater diatom Nitzschia pusilla Grunow, then, at room temperature (22.7°C), subjected them to one of four contrasting levels of RH (c. 8%, 35%, 70%, 88%) crossed with one of four exposure times (10, 60, 120, 240 min) within a chamber through which air was passed continuously, mimicking light wind that might be experienced by diatoms adhered to subsurface feathers. We then gently placed the feather on sterile growth medium. After 2 weeks, we used spectrofluorometry to detect diatom growth and thus diatom viability.

We found that exposure time and RH interacted significantly to affect diatom viability: the negative effect of exposure time was strongest under low RH conditions, but under high RH (88%) the probability of being viable was 0.84 for a 10‐min exposure (95% confidence interval: 0.64–0.94), and 0.45 for 4 hr of exposure (95% confidence interval: 0.18–0.75).

We combined our experimental findings with geospatial data to predict the probability of potential dispersal via adherence to mallards throughout Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota, which are situated within the central waterfowl migration flyway in North America, and host important mallard breeding grounds. Using published data about: (1) mallard flight speeds; (2) the geographic distribution of surface waters and of N. pusilla; and (3) vapour pressure deficit (calculated using RH and air temperature) during the months of April and May, our geospatial model predicted high probabilities of potential dispersal, over tens to hundreds of kilometres, among water bodies of the central migration flyway.

Taken together, the results of our experiment and geospatial models provide novel insights into ectozoochory of freshwater diatoms, specifically that long‐distance dispersal of diatoms via adherence to waterfowl feathers is highly plausible, particularly during the near‐dawn hours when waterfowl flight activity peaks and vapour pressure deficit is low. Considered alongside previous evidence suggesting successful internal transport by waterfowl, we conclude that, for freshwater diatoms, ectozoochory is likely to be commonplace among waterbodies frequented by waterfowl.
Coast‐wide evidence of low pH amelioration by seagrass ecosystems
Authors: Ricart Aurora M. , Ward Melissa , Hill Tessa M. , Sanford Eric , Kroeker Kristy J. , Takeshita Yuichiro , Merolla Sarah , Shukla Priya , Ninokawa Aaron T. , Elsmore Kristen , Gaylord Brian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal‐scale ocean acidification has spurred interest in the capacity of seagrass ecosystems to increase seawater pH within crucial shoreline habitats through photosynthetic activity. However, the dynamic variability of the coastal carbonate system has impeded generalization into whether seagrass aerobic metabolism ameliorates low pH on physiologically and ecologically relevant timescales. Here we present results of the most extensive study to date of pH modulation by seagrasses, spanning seven meadows (Zostera marina) and 1000 km of U.S. west coast over 6 years. Amelioration by seagrass ecosystems compared to non‐vegetated areas occurred 65% of the time (mean increase 0.07 ± 0.008 SE). Events of continuous elevation in pH within seagrass ecosystems, indicating amelioration of low pH, were longer and of greater magnitude than opposing cases of reduced pH or exacerbation. Sustained elevations in pH of >0.1, comparable to a 30% decrease in [H+], were not restricted only to daylight hours but instead persisted for up to 21 days. Maximal pH elevations occurred in spring and summer during the seagrass growth season, with a tendency for stronger effects in higher latitude meadows. These results indicate that seagrass meadows can locally alleviate low pH conditions for extended periods of time with important implications for the conservation and management of coastal ecosystems.
Political and administrative control of expert groups—A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Hesstvedt Stine , Christensen Johan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGovernments face a fundamental dilemma when asking expert groups for advice. Experts possess knowledge that can help governments design effective and legitimate policies. However, they can also propose different policies than those preferred by government. How do governments solve this conundrum? Through a mixed‐methods study, the article examines politico‐administrative control with expert advisory commissions in Norway. Arguing that both politicians and bureaucrats can take interest in limiting the gap between political/administrative policy preferences and expert group output, the article examines by what means they seek to control expert groups and how control varies across policy portfolios. It finds that while politicians rely on control by design, bureaucrats use both design and interventions. Moreover, political and bureaucratic controls are stronger in the area of financial/economic policy than elsewhere. The article makes a novel contribution to scholarship at the intersection of public administration and knowledge and policymaking.
Phylogeography and diversification of the Dead Sea Sparrow (Passer moabiticus) in Iran: insights from a multilocus approach
Authors: Shams Bita , Pons Jean‐Marc , Abdelkrim Jawad , Fuchs Jérôme 
Published: March 2021

The Dead Sea Sparrow Passer moabiticus occupies a wide and scattered range across the Near East and the Middle East, where it inhabits semi‐desert habitats. Two subspecies that differ in underpart coloration are recognized. Both subspecies occur in Iran, P. m. moabiticus in western Iran and P. m. yatii in eastern Iran. Here we document the population genetics of this poorly known species using a multilocus approach. We used seven microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial locus to quantify population structure and gene flow within and between both subspecies. Our study reveals significant genetic differentiation in both nuclear and mitochondrial markers between P. m. moabiticus and P. m. yatii. Our results support the occurrence of two genetic clusters, corresponding to the two subspecies, and suggest the absence of admixed individuals, implying no recent or current gene flow between the two subspecies. Our results support a phylogeographical scenario in which the two lineages diverged from each other about 0.3–0.4 million years ago during a period of extreme aridity in two small allopatric refugia. We suggest that moabiticus and yatii may deserve species status and advocate for additional studies investigating in‐depth phenotypic and behavioural variation. We stress that P. m. yatii, which possesses a small and isolated range, may deserve special conservation attention.