bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 S Protein: Peptide Inhibitors
for Potential Drug Developments Against COVID-19
Authors: Dërmaku-Sopjani Miribane , Sopjani Mentor 
Published: September 2021

:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) shares some homologies with ACE2. However,
they are not inhibited by the same inhibitors, but both are associated primarily with the hypertensive
disorder through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The principal activity of ACE2 is to metabolize
Ang II into the vasodilatory Ang-(1-7). The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has brought the ACE2 to the center
of attention. This coronavirus uses the host cell ACE2 protein to enter and infect the epithelial
cells. In light of the virus's entrance into human cells, the differences in the molecular basis of
ACE2 among affected patients may cause their different responses to the virus. Many details about
the specific interaction between the viral S protein and ACE2 are already reported. To date, some
effective clinically approved vaccines are in use globally, and many others are under development,
but no effective specific therapeutic drugs are available against COVID-19. Inhibitors, especially
peptide inhibitors, have a great potential to be used for the treatment of COVID-19 and other possible
emerging diseases caused by viral pathogens. As a result of the well-known viral protein structures
and their host cell targets such as ACE2, antiviral peptides could be appropriately designed
and optimized for therapeutic purposes. A better understanding of the structure and pathophysiology
of the ACE2 receptor and the interplay between the viral S protein and ACE2 may help to find
the solution for the virus treatment. This review summarizes the current understanding of S protein
interaction with the ACE2 protein as a potential specific target against SARS-CoV-2 and strategies
using peptides against COVID-19.
[18F] Fluorothymidine Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Primary Brain Tumours: A Systematic Review
Authors: Matteucci Federica , Guglielmo Priscilla , Quartuccio Natale , Rossetti Virginia , Celli Monica , Alongi Pierpaolo , Boero Michele , Arnone Gaspare , Baldari Sergio , Laudicella Riccardo 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
This review aimed to summarize the available literature on the clinical application
of [18F] FLT PET imaging in primary brain tumours.

Methods:
A comprehensive search strategy based on Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science,
Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and the Embase databases was carried on using the following
search string: ('3` Fluorothymidine'/exp OR 'FLT' OR '[18F]-FLT' OR '[18F] Fluorothymidine')
AND ('pet'/exp OR 'pet' OR 'positron emission tomography') AND ('glioma'/exp OR 'glioma' OR
'brain tumour'/exp OR 'brain tumour’). The search was updated till March 2021 and only articles in
English and studies investigating the clinical applications of [18F] FLT PET and PET/CT in primary
brain tumours were considered eligible for inclusion.

Results:
The literature search ultimately yielded 52 studies included in the systematic review, with
main results as follows: a) the uptake of [18F] FLT may guide stereotactic biopsy but does not discriminate
between grade II and III glioma. b) [18F] FLT uptake and texture parameters correlate
with overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed gliomas. c) In patients with recurrent glioma, proliferative
volume (PV) and tumour-to-normal brain (T/N) uptake ratio are independent predictors of
survival. d) Patients demonstrating response to therapy at [18F] FLT PET scan show longer OS compared
to non-responders. e) [18F] FLT PET demonstrated good performance in discriminating tumour
recurrence from radionecrosis. However, controversial results exist in comparative literature
examining the performance of [18F] FLT vs. other radiotracers in the assessment of recurrence.

Conclusion:
[18F] FLT PET imaging has demonstrated potential benefits for grading, diagnostic
and prognostic purposes, despite the small sample size studies due to the relatively low availability
of the radiotracer.
Imaging Findings for Identifying and Evaluating Complications After
Lung Transplantation in Patients with Advanced COVID-19: Two Case
Reports
Authors: Chen Feng , Pan Junhan , Zhu Manhua , Han Weili 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Lung transplantation might be a viable alternative for patients with irreversible
lung injury secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we describe two patients
with end-stage COVID-19 that received lung transplantations, the clinical-radiologic manifestations
of postoperative complications, and the imaging features of allograft rejection.

Case presentation:
In case 1, a 66-year-old woman presented severe hypoxia after lung transplantation.
Chest imaging revealed diffuse homogeneous infiltration in the donor's lung. Dramatic resolution
of the imaging abnormalities after intravenous administration of methylprednisolone favored a
diagnosis of hyperacute rejection. The second is a 70-year-old man who was infected with bacterial
postoperatively. During the empiric antibiotic therapy, chest CT showed newly developed groundglass
opacities with septal thickening, suggesting a diagnosis of acute rejection. High-dose corticosteroids
therapy was initiated, and the patient recovered gradually.

Conclusion:
This is the first report describing postoperative complications of lung transplantation
in patients with advanced COVID-19. We presumed that imaging procedures could be a useful tool
in early detecting lung transplant complications and selecting specific interventions for patients
with COVID-19.
Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation of Natural Phenolic Compounds with GSK-3β: A Putative Target to Combat Mortality in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Khamverdi Zahra , Mohamadi Zeinab , Taherkhani Amir 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
In this study, molecular docking analysis was performed to evaluate the binding
affinity of 52 plant-based phenolics with the GSK-3β active sites. Moreover, Molecular Dynamics
(MD) simulation was conducted to investigate the stability of interactions between the topranked
phenolics and residues within the GSK-3β active sites.

Methods:
Molecular docking and MD simulations were performed using AutoDock and Discovery
Studio Client software, respectively. Thereafter, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of
top inhibitors were predicted using bioinformatics web tools. This study aimed to identify the most
effective amino acids involved in the inhibition of GSK-3β based on the most stabilizing interactions
between the residues and compounds, and also by considering the degree centrality in the ligand-
amino acid interaction network for GSK-3β.

Results:
It was observed that procyanidin and amentoflavone could bind to the GSK-3β active sites
at the picomolar (pM) scale as well as the binding affinity of ΔG binding < -13 kcal/mol, while the inhibition
constant for theaflavin 3’-gallate, procyanidin B4, and rutin was calculated at the nanomolar
(nM) scale, suggesting that these phenolic compounds can be considered as potential effective
GSK-3β inhibitors. Furthermore, Val70, Ala83, Val135, and Tyr134 were found to be the most important
amino acids involved in the inhibition of GSK-3β.

Conclusion:
The results of the current study may be useful in the prevention of several human disorders,
including COVID-19, cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular
diseases. However, wet-lab experiments need to be performed in the future.
Use of Lip Protecting Agents in the Prevention of Actinic Cheilitis, Herpes Labialis and Cancer of Lip: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moon So Hyun , Sangha Amolak , Ravichandran Malavika , Samuela Amy Vicki , Tso Stephanie , Sharma Dileep , Ariyawardana Anura 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Actinic cheilitis, herpes labialis and lip cancer are relatively common conditions presenting on the lips associated with exposure to periods of sun exposure and thereby ultraviolet radiation.

Objective:
This systematic review aimed to determine the efficacy of the application of sunscreen-containing lip-protecting agents (LPA) in the prevention of actinic cheilitis (AC), recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) and lip cancer (LC).

Methods:
This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and registered with the PROSPERO database. A literature search was conducted using SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Medline (Ovid), Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library databases and manual search using search terms actinic cheilitis (AC), recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) and lip cancer (LC) along with lip protecting agents and their variations as keywords. A total of 1,567 papers were yielded. Of them, nine studies were eligible for qualitative data synthesis.

Results:
Nine articles (3 AC, 5 RHL, 1 LC) were deemed eligible and thus selected for qualitative synthesis. Three studies on AC identified approximately 21.7% lower prevalence of lesions when some form of lip protection was used. Eighty percent of studies on RHL identified that the application of LPA is effective in preventing RHL. Subjects who applied LPA more than once daily only had half the risk of having LC compared to those who applied once daily.

Conclusion:
This review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies supports the use of LPA as an effective method in preventing lip-associated lesions. Further, RCTs and observational studies should aim at determining a definitive LPA application regime and optimal SPF strength to prevent lip-associated lesions.
This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): Registration Number - CRD42020177484. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020177484
Endodontic Treatment versus Implant Placement for Compromised Teeth: Decision-Making Trends in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bahabri Rayan , Borzangy Sary , Taymour Nevine , Maddhar Abdulrahman , Alkayyal Mahmod , Alhazmi Walaa , Taher Sarah 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The decision to save a compromised tooth is a major challenge among dentists and may vary among those with different areas of specialization.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the influencing factors that play a role in decision-making trends when choosing whether or not to save a compromised tooth, either through endodontic treatment or extraction and implant placement.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample to assess decision-making within different dental specialties among various dental schools in Saudi Arabia. Participants were stratified into four groups based on clinical specialties, including endodontists (n = 45, 23.9%), periodontists (n = 51, 27.1%), prosthodontists (n = 55, 29.3%), and oral and maxillofacial surgeons (n = 37, 19.7%). The data of 188 participants were analyzed using Chi-square tests, with significance at p ≤ 0.05.

Results:
Endodontists were significantly more likely than other specialists (p ≤ 0.002) to decide to retain a compromised tooth rather than place an implant. In difficult prosthetic cases, faculty surgeons were significantly more likely to place an implant than other specialists (p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusion:
The assessment of decision-making trends demonstrated that retention of the natural tooth by endodontic and restorative treatments was preferred over extraction and implant placement. Increased prosthetic complexity shifted this preference towards implant placement. This study provides a basis to help identify factors contributing to decision-making among dental professionals; these factors could improve existing guidelines to ensure a successful practice.
Usefulness of Hard Palate Measurements in Predicting Airway Dimensions in Patients Referred for Cone Beam CT
Authors: Alkhader Mustafa , Alrashdan Mohammad S. , Abdo Nour , Abbas Rashed 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of hard palate measurements in predicting airway dimensions in patients referred for cone-beam CT (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:
Six hundred forty-three patients (239 males and 404 females) were examined by CBCT. Using dedicated CBCT software (Kodak CS 3D imaging version 3.8.6, Carestream, Rochester, NY, USA); different hard palate (palatal interalveolar length, palatal arch depth, maxillo-palatal arch angle, and alveolar width) and airway measurements (airway volume, minimum cross-sectional area, minimum anteroposterior distance, minimum right to left distance and airway length) were obtained and correlated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and regression analysis.

Results:
Although the correlation between hard palate and airway measurements was weak (Pearson coefficient (r) < 0.40), there were significant (P < 0.05) additive effects for hard palate measurements in predicting airway dimensions. Maxillo-palatal arch angle was the only hard palate measurement that had no effect in predicting airway dimensions.

Conclusion:
Hard palate measurements are considered useful in predicting airway dimensions in patients referred for CBCT.
Comparison of Biocompatibility of Experimental Tricalcium Phosphate Cement versus Biodentin and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate used for Furcation Perforation Repair (in vivo study)
Authors: El-Bialy Mostafa M. , Ali Magdy M. , Kataia Engy M. , El Nemr Reham S. , Hassan Reham 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The interaction between the root canal system and the oral cavity caused by iatrogenic perforations significantly affects the treatment outcome and tooth survival.

Objectives:
This study was directed to compare the biocompatibility of an experimental tricalcium phosphate cement versus biodentine and mineral Trioxide aggregate used for furcation perforation repair in dogs.

Methods:
Perforations were done in 60 teeth (premolars and molars) of six adult dogs. Animals were divided randomly into 3 equal groups of 2 animals each according to the post-operative evaluation period of 1 week, 1 month, and 3-months. Each group was further subdivided into 4 subgroups according to either being repaired with the experimental tricalcium phosphate cement (n=6), or Biodentine (n=6), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) (n=6), and positive control(n=2). After evaluation periods, tissue blocks were harvested and histologically examined.

Results:
No statistically significant difference was found regarding bone deposition scores and inflammatory reaction in the three groups after 1 week, 1 month, or 3 months. All three groups showed a statistically significant difference between all three time periods. Regardless of the repair material used, inflammation scores at 1-week showed the highest scores, decreasing over time except for the control group.

Conclusion:
The experimental material could be considered as a successful treatment option for repairing furcation perforation.
Current Phytochemical and Pharmacological Outlook of Actinidia
deliciosa (Kiwi Fruit)
Authors: Siddiquie Saman , Ahmad Md. Afroz , Ahsan Farogh , Mahmood Tarique , Arif Muhammad , Khushtar Mohammad , Islam Anas 
Published: September 2021

:
Worldwide health and therapeutic practices seek to amalgamate alternative medications with
evidence-based medicine for an improved understanding of metabolic progression and its influences on
the human body. Actinidia deliciosa, also known as “Kiwi fruit”, is a dioecious plant that is native to
China and distributed widely across the Asian continent. Commercial planting of kiwifruit was started
in the early 20th century when it reached New Zealand from China. In recent times, Kiwi fruit has
gained a major demand due to its high content of vitamin C. Kiwi fruit also contains dietary fiber, iron,
carotenoids and is a rich source of antioxidants. These may aid in lowering blood pressure, improve
wound healing, blood glucose control and improve bowel health. Vitamin C, choline, lutein, and zeaxanthin
are antioxidants that assist in the removal of free radicals from the body and may prevent the
body from various diseases and inflammations. Herein, we state the health benefits found in diverse
compounds from Actinidia deliciosa, highlighting the source, morphology, chemical constituent, cultivation,
production, traditional uses, nutritional value, health benefits, toxicity studies, clinical trials,
and pharmacological activities while highlighting side effects associated with kiwifruit. This review
provides a bird’s eye insight mainly on the morphological, phytochemical, and pharmacological activity,
which could be beneficial in making use of technological and scientific advances. This plant can be
used as a current medical adjuvant for its potential. The complete plant must be broadly investigated
for further future perspective.
Kesempurnaan sebagai Orientasi Keilmuan dalam Teosofi Suhrawardi Al-Maqtul
Authors: Suryosumunar John Abraham Ziswan , Kuswanjono Arqom 
Published: September 2021

Knowledge and science are central issues in epistemological debates. The paradigm of knowledge will imply on the methods and means that are used to achieve truth. The social contexts which influence the tradition of thought have also a strong impact on the construction of scientific paradigms. Different social contexts is the reason why the western and eastern scientific paradigms are considered to have different characteristics. In the tradition of eastern thought there are various opinions on scientific paradigm. One of which is from the perspective of Suhrawardi Al-Maqtul. By using the hermeneutic method, the author attempts to answer the question how is the concept of science and its characteristics from the perspective of Suhrawardi and what are the methods and the orientation of science that used by the perspective of Mazhab Al-Isyraqiyyah that Suhrawardi Al-Maqtul created. The paper proposes that the concept of science in Suhrawardi’s thought resulted from syncretism of various previous eastern thoughts. Suhrawardi understood the plurality of methods that can be used, namely the burhani method with ratio and evidence, as well as the irfani method that comes from intuition. The method must be suitable for the objects of study, which is Suhrawardi’s, encompasses not only aspects of the physical world but also the non-physical supra-worldly. The orientation of this thought is not only to achieve the validity of knowledge but to achieve the perfection of knowledge or the transformation from the dark to the light of knowledge.
Multiloop edgewise archwire treatment for a patient with a severe anterior open bite and amelogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Masoud Ahmed I. , Tsay T. Peter 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a rare hereditary disorder that affects dental enamel and is often associated with an anterior open bite. Orthodontic treatment of a 16-year-old female patient with hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta and a 9-mm anterior open bite was presented. Radiographic examination revealed a steep mandibular plane angle, an increased lower face height, a Class II skeletal pattern, and a convex profile. Additionally, the patient had stainless steel crowns on all upper and lower posterior teeth and composite veneers on the upper anterior teeth. The patient was treated nonsurgically using a multiloop edgewise archwire (MEAW). MEAW mechanics allowed for successful correction of the anterior open bite, with significant reduction in the mandibular plane angle and improvement in the patient's profile. No fixed retainers were used, and the results remained stable 78 months after removal of orthodontic appliances. MEAW mechanics should be considered for patients with large anterior open bites, although this technique requires excellent patient compliance.
Legendre Matrix Method for Legendre Curve in Sasakian 3-Manifold
Authors: Aydin Tuba Ağirman , Sezer Mehmet , Kocayiğit Hüseyin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, unit-speed the Legendre curves are studied in Sasakian 3-manifold. Firstly, differential equations characterizing the Legendre curves are obtained and the method used for the approximate solution is explained. Then, the approximate solution is found for one of the characterizations of the Legendre curve with the Legendre matrix collocation method. In addition, a sample application is made to make the method more understandable. And finally, with the help of these equations and the approximate solution, the geometric properties of this curve type are examined.
A Computational Technique for Solving Singularly Perturbed Delay Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Gürbüz Burcu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, a matrix method based on Laguerre series to solve singularly perturbed second order delay parabolic convection-diffusion and reaction-diffusion type problems involving boundary and initial conditions is introduced. The approximate solution of the problem is obtained by truncated Laguerre series. Moreover convergence analysis is introduced and stability is explained. Besides, a test case is given and the error analysis is considered by the different norms in order to show the applicability of the method.
Hydrogen sulfide, microbiota, and sulfur amino acid restriction diet
Authors: Wang Rui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Eukaryotes and microbiota produce H2S, using the same substrates and enzymes which constitute the reverse-trans-sulfuration and transsulfuration pathways. The homeostasis of gut microbiota impacts on the structural and functional integrity of gut epithelial barrier. Microbiota also serve as signalling sources to inform the host of the metabolism and functional changes. Microbiota dysbiosis negatively affect human health, contributing to diseases like obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and asthma. Not by coincidence, these pathological conditions are also closely related to the abnormal metabolism and function of H2S signalling.H2S serves as a bacterial signal to the host and the host-produced H2S impacts on the population and size of microbiota. These bi-directional interactions become especially important for the digestion and utilization of sulfur amino acid in diet. Dietary restriction of sulfur amino acid increases the endogenous production of H2S by the host and consequently offers many health benefits. It, on the other hand, decreases the nutritional supply to the microbiota, which could be remedied by the co-application of prebiotics and probiotics. It is strategically sound to target the expression of H2S-producing enzymes in different organs to slow aging processes in our body and promote better health.
Experimental Verification of the Magnetic Field Topography inside a small Hall Thruster
Authors: Jakubczak Maciej , Kurzyna Jacek , Riazantsev Arsenii 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The magnetic circuit of a 500 W class Hall thruster, an electric propulsive device for spacecraft, was characterized experimentally and the results compared with simulation in order to verify the design. The commercial 3D gaussmeter, which was used in this work, was additionally recalibrated to compensate for translation and rotation of individual Hall sensors inside the probe. The Stokes stream function approach was applied to reconstruct the magnetic field topography in the thruster. The procedure, carried out on four different cases, yielded very good agreement between simulations and measurements, even for cusped configurations. Presented technique could be used as a robust method of verification of new magnetic circuit designs not only for Hall thrusters but also for a wide class of plasma devices for which detailed knowledge about actual distribution of magnetic field is crucial for optimization.