bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk perception and preventive behaviors among Turkish medical students during early period of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: UZUN Süleyman Utku , ÇELİKYÜREK Nevzat Atalay , ERGİN Ahmet 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 related risk perception, preventive behaviors among Turkish medical students within the two weeks after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 646 medical students (1st-6th year) in Pamukkale University with an online questionnaire. Forms were collected between 23rd to 31st of March 2020 via Google form. The questionnaire consisted of 39 questions including 12 items about sociodemographic information, 6 questions regarding COVID-19, 11 items about risk perception and 10 items regarding preventive measures about COVID-19.
Results: The mean age of students was 21.77±2.28 years and 413 (63.8%) of them were female. The mean risk perception score of students was 22.70±4.68 (out of 44) and the mean preventive behavior score of students was 32.20±4.70 (out of 40). There was a significantly positive correlation between risk perception and preventive behavior scores. Female students, students with lower income, students whose mothers were highly educated, students who evaluated their health status as poor and who evaluated their knowledge about COVID-19 as insufficient had higher risk perception. Adoption of protective measures were higher in female students, married students, students who have chronic diseases and students who evaluated their health status as poor.
Conclusion: Medical students in Turkey had a moderate risk perception and high preventive behaviors about COVID-19. In order to enhance students’ risk perception, educators should be more involved in the process of medical education regarding the pandemic.
Ameliyat sonrasi ağrıya yaklaşımların değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKPOLAT Refiye , ŞİŞMAN Hamide , ALPTEKİN Dudu , GÖKÇE Esma , GEZER Derya , ARSLAN Sevban 
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmada cerrahi kliniklerde çalışan hemşirelerin ameliyat sonrası ağrıya yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tipte yapılan araştırma, Mart-Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında, bir üniversite hastanesinin cerrahi kliniğinde çalışan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 76 hemşire ile yüz-yüze görüşme yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Veriler, tanıtıcı özellikler ile ilgili sorular içeren kişisel anket formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Hemşirelerin %53,9’i ağrı konusunda eğitim almış ve hemşirelerin tamamı (%100) ağrı yönetiminin hemşirenin sorumluluğu olduğunu kabul ederken, cerrahi sonrası ağrı değerlendirmesini yaptıklarını bildirmişlerdir. Ağrı değerlendirme yöntemi olarak yüz ifadesi/dış görünüşten anlama yöntemini kullandıklarını (%34,7), analjezi uygulama zamanı olarak da hekim değerlendirmesinden sonra yaptıklarını (%18,4) ve ağrıyı müdahale sonrası tekrar değerlendirdiklerini (%81,6) bildirmişlerdir.
Sonuç: Hemşirelerin ağrı yönetimi konusunda yetersiz bilgiye sahip oldukları ve daha çok farmakolojik yöntemleri kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Cerrahi sonrası ağrı değerlendirilmesi ve yönetimi konusunda hemşirelerin farkındalıklarının artırılmasıile ameliyat sonrası yaşanan ağrınınazaltılması, hasta konforunun artırılması ve iyileşmenin hızlandırılması sağlanacaktır.
LIGHTNESS CONTRAST & ASSIMILATION
Authors: Nedimović Predrag , Zdravković Sučica 
Published: May 2021

Lightness contrast alters lightness of a target decreasing its similarity with neighbouring surfaces (inducers), while lightness assimilation has an opposite effect, similarity is increased. Previous studies emphasized some aspects of stimulation that favour occurrence of one or both of these two phenomena: spatial frequency of the inducers, magnitude and direction of the reflectance difference between the target and the inducers. More importantly, based on previous studies three precise hypotheses can be formulated that predict occurrence of the two phenomena: spatial frequency, differential stimulation and assimilation asymmetry.
We manipulated target and inducers’ reflectance, and inducers’ spatial frequency. This enabled us not only to test the importance of these factors, but to predict lightness for each stimulus, according to all three hypotheses. Our results confirmed the importance of tested factors for both lightness contrast and assimilation.
Unfortunately, the proposed hypotheses were poor in predicting the obtained data. Differential stimulation hypothesis correctly predicted obtained effect in less than half situations, since small reflectance differences produced contrast, and large differences produced assimilation. Spatial frequency hypothesis did not correctly predict the strength of obtained effects, and we obtained largest assimilation effects with low spatial frequency inducers. Finally, assimilation asymmetry hypothesis did not predict a single obtained effect. Contrary to this hypothesis predictions, we obtained contrast with decrement, and assimilation with increment inducers.
Effect of ethanol-conditioned dentine on sealer penetration into dentinal tubules
Authors: Pantoja Carlos de Morais Souto , Da Silva Diogo Henrique , De Jesus Soares Adriana , Ferraz Caio Cezar Randi , Gomes Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida , Zaia Alexandre Augusto , Affonso de Almeida José Flávio 
Published: May 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol-conditioned dentin on endodontic sealer penetration into dentinal tubules by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Methods: Forty human maxillary anterior teeth were instrumented and divided into four groups (n = 10) according to the drying methods: 1) wet: vacuum only, 2) paper points: vacuum + absorbent paper points, (3) 70% ethanol: 70% ethanol (1 min) + vacuum + absorbent paper points, and (4) 100% ethanol: 100% ethanol (1 min) + vacuum + absorbent paper points. All root canals were filled with resin-based endodontic sealer. Four sections from each third (cervical, middle, and apical) were examined by CLSM. Root canal wall perimeter infiltrated by sealer, maximum depth of sealer penetration, percentage of penetrated area, and fluorescence intensity of rhodamine B were measured. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests (α = 0.05). Results: No statistical difference was found when percentage of root canal wall coverage infiltrated by sealer were compared. The groups in which ethanol solutions were used presented greater depth of sealer penetration, higher percentage of penetrated area, and higher fluorescence intensity of rhodamine B (p< 0.05) when compared with the wet and paper point groups. Overall, 100% ethanol produced better results than 70% ethanol, except for rhodamine B intensity (cervical third). In addition, the absorbent paper points drying method behaved better than did vacuum only group, except for rhodamine B intensity (apical third). Conclusion: Ethanol-conditioned dentin improved the penetration of resin-based sealer into dentinal tubules, especially at the concentration of 100%.
A PSORÍASE NO CONTEXTO DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA: UM PLANO DE INTERVENÇÃO ATRAVÉS DE UM RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Santos Filho Luciano Almeida dos , Rezende Mateus Wendell de Moraes , Santos Marco Aurelio Rodrigues dos , Miranda Gabriel Pimentel de , Soares Pedro Paulo Dias , Marrafon Augusto Cesar , Uzan Vanessa Regina Maciel , Magalhães Filho Astério Souza , Carvalho Arthur Alves Borges de 
Published: May 2021

Introdução: A psoríase caracteriza-se por ser uma doença de etiologia desconhecida, com evolução crônica, acentuada e tendências às recidivas. A lesão característica é representada por uma placa eritemato-escamosa, saliente em relação a superfície da pele. Objetivos: Identificar as principais necessidades de educação em saúde de um paciente acometido por psoríase através de um relato de caso vivenciado em uma unidade básica de saúde e no próprio domicílio do paciente. Material e Métodos: A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um formulário com questões abertas e fechadas. Resultados: As principais metas para o paciente foram alcançadas por incluir melhor compreensão sobre a psoríase e o regime e adesão do tratamento, a obtenção da pele mais lisa com o controle das lesões e o desenvolvimento da auto-aceitação que é um enfretamento de estresse para realização das atividades normais e as interações sociais. Conclusões: Constatou-se que o paciente acometido com psoríase precisa está informado de sua patologia, como também toda a população que discrimina esses indivíduos. Portanto, acreditamos na educação em saúde como meio de transformação desta realidade que precisa ser mudada.
Palavras-chave: Psoríase. Educação em saúde. Qualidade de vida.
Introduction: Psoriasis is characterized by being a disease of unknown etiology, with a chronic, marked evolution and tendencies to relapse. The characteristic lesion is represented by an erythematous-squamous plaque, protruding from the surface of the skin. Objectives: To identify the main health education needs of a patient affected by psoriasis through a case report in a primary healthcare unit and in the patient's own home. Material and Methods: The data collection was done through a form with open and closed questions. Results: The main goals for the patient were achieved by including a better understanding of psoriasis and treatment regimen and adherence, obtaining smoother skin with lesion control, and developing self-acceptance that is a stress coping for performance of normal activities and social interactions. Conclusions: It was verified that the patient with psoriasis is aware of his pathology, as well as the entire population that discriminates these individuals. Therefore, we believe in health education as a means of transforming this reality that needs to be changed.
Keywords: Psoriasis. Health education. Life quality.
PENGARUH LAMA PEMANASAN BASAH DAN PERENDAMAN DALAM GIBERELIN TERHADAP PEMATAHAN DORMANSI BENIH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis jacq.)
Authors: Agustiansyah Agustiansyah , Ardian Ardian , Setiawan Kukuh , Dewi Erni Permata 
Published: May 2021

The aims of this research to determined the effect wet heating and immersion in gibberellins on breaking dormancy of oil palm seed. The treatment was arranged in factorially with two factors in the Completely Randomized Design. The first factors was wet heating which consists of five levels, (1) 20 days of heating; (2) 25 days of heating (3) 30days of heating (4) 35 days of heating (5) 40 days of heating. The second factor was the concentrations of gibberellin in four levels, (1) 0 ppm; (2) 100 ppm; (3) 200 ppm and (4) 300 ppm. Based on the results could be concluded that (1) wet heating could increased the percentage of germination, maximum growth potential, speed of germination, and time of emergence of sprouts, (2) 30 days wet heating treatment + immersion in 200 ppm giberelin was the best treatment in percentage of germination (64 % ± 1.3), maximum growth potential(70.7%±1.4), and speed of germination (29% ± 1.0 per etmal).
Profil Kondisi Fisik dan Motif Berprestasi Pada Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Sepakbola
Authors: Pramdhan Kartono , Nurdianto Rizky , Gunawan Gugun 
Published: May 2021

Sepakbola merupakan olahraga permainan yang perlu ditunjang dengan kondisi fisik yang baik, selain itu motif berprestasi juga merupakan aspek penting lainnya yang perlu dimiliki oleh setiap pemain sepakbola. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan profil kondisi fisik dan motif berprestasi pada siswa ektrakurikuler sepakbola. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sampel yang digunakan adalah siswa yang mengikuti ekrakurikuler sepakbola di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri Serangpanjang dengan jumlah 25 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara tes kondisi fisik dan pengisian angket motif berprestasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa profil kondisi fisik siswa yang mengikuti ektrakurikuler sepakbola di SMAN 1 Serangpanjang berada pada kategori sedang. Hasil pengisian angket motif berprestasi menunjukan siswa dalam kategori kurang sekali 0%, kurang 0%, sedang 0%, baik 80% dan baik sekali 20%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa motif berprestasi siswa ektrakurikuler sepakbola SMAN 1 Serangpanjang pada kategori baik dengan 80%. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini yaitu siswa ektrakurikuler sepakbola perlu meningkatkan kondisi fisik melalui latihan, serta dapat mempertahankan motif berprestasi sebagai dasar untuk setiap siswa meningkatkan hasil latihan dan dapat menunjang dalam pencapaian prestasi sepakbola di tingkat pelajar
Some convergence theorems of fuzzy concave integral on fuzzy σ-algebra
Authors: Rong Sun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the extension of concave integral from classic σ -algebra to fuzzy σ -algebra of fuzzy sets. We introduce the concept of the fuzzy concave integral on a fuzzy set. Then we give some properties of this integral. Finally, various kinds of convergence theorems of a sequence of fuzzy concave integrals are proved.
Allosteric activation of preformed EGF receptor dimers by binding of a single ligand
Authors: Purba Endang , Saita Ei-ichiro , Akhouri Reetesh , Öfverstedt Lars-Göran , Wilken Gunnar , Skoglund Ulf , Maruyama Ichiro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aberrant activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by mutations has been implicated in a variety of human cancers. Elucidation of the structure of the full-length receptor is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying its activation. Unlike previously anticipated, here, we report that purified full-length EGFR adopts a homodimeric form in vitro before and after activation. Cryo-electron tomography analysis of the purified receptor also showed that the extracellular domains of the receptor dimer, which are conformationally flexible before activation, are stabilised by ligand binding. Consistently, optical single-molecule observation also demonstrated that binding of only one ligand activates the receptor dimer on the cell surface. Based on these results, we propose an allosteric model for the activation of EGFR dimers by ligand binding. Our results demonstrate how oncogenic mutations spontaneously activate the receptor and shed light on the development of novel cancer therapies.
Mechanical Growth Factor Promotes FOXP3 Expression in Regulatory T Cells and Enhances Its Function in Treating Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Qin Hongyu , Yuan Shuangshuang , Zeng Hao , Li Hao , Yang Jinsong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to verify whether mechanical growth factor (MGF) may be an effective target for treating ankylosing spondylitis. Methods: FOXP3 expression was measured in Treg cells from healthy male subjects administered MGF. A rat model of ankylosing spondylitis was established, and the level of ankylosing spondylitis-related factors (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-2, and IL-10) was measured. Results: We found that the proliferation and total number of Treg cells, as well as FOXP3 expression, significantly increased in the MGF-treated groups compared with those in the control. The level of inflammation, bone destruction, and new bone formation significantly decreased in rats treated with MGF compared with those in the control group. TNF-α expression significantly decreased, whereas the IL-2 and IL-10 levels significantly increased in the MGF group compared with those in the control. Conclusions: MGF may delay disease progression in ankylosing rats by inducing FOXP3 expression, promoting FOXP3+ Treg cell proliferation and differentiation, reducing TNF-α expression, and increasing IL-10 and IL-2 expression.
Service Level Indicators for Water Supply Systems: Appraisal and Implications for Sustainable Management
Authors: Oluwasanya Grace , ODJEGBA ENOVWO ERERE , Shittu Olufunke Bolatito , Idowu Olufemi Abiola , Brion Gail 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Access to adequate water supply is vital. The wellbeing of the human population and their environs is directly linked to the level of water service delivery. The service level of three main categories of water supply systems was assessed across 6 locations in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. The water supply systems categories included: self-supply systems (hand-dug wells and boreholes), communal water supply systems (boreholes only), and public water systems. Five service level indicators (access, quality, management, cost, and reliability) were assessed using structured questionnaires. Questionnaire administration targeted water supply system users and owners in two categories: owners/resident users and non-resident users. Results show that owners/resident users restricted the access of non-resident users to water assets, which expectedly dipped access to adequate service level for non-resident users. When post-abstraction treatment was practiced by water users, the use of sodium hypochlorite solutions (Water Guard®) was the most prominent option of treatment. Management and costs (cleaning, maintenance and repair) of water supply systems are borne by owners/resident users; costs borne by non-resident users is only from purchase of water. Reliability of water supply systems is hampered by geology and climatic seasonal variations as some water supply systems dried up during the off-rain season. Coverage area and number of public water supply systems needs to be improved to reduce reliance of water users on questionable alternative sources that can expose water users to water-related diseases and prevent restricted access to water supply sources.
Hate Speech Detection using Modified Principal Component Analysis and Enhanced Convolution Neural Network on Twitter Dataset
Authors: Alowaidi Majed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Online social media are increasingly catching people’s eye among users of the Internet. Services provided by social networking vendors like Twitter and Facebook are very attractive, with widespread proliferation among internet users. As a downside of their predominance in the domain of social networking, Twitter and Facebook are frequently pestered with the problem of handling offensive, threat, fake, hate words. One of the major problems, apparent in online social media, is the toxic online content. In the existing system, the methods are not dealt with large dataset. Also the feature extraction method is not efficient to extract important features in the given dataset. To overcome the above mentioned issues, in this work, Modified Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) and Enhanced Convolution Neural Network (ECNN) is proposed. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is implemented to build an automatic system through the inclusion of syntactic and semantic analysis. This work contains main phases are such as pre-processing, feature extraction and classification process. The pre-processing is done by using normalization method which is used to remove the white spaces, replace the consecutive exclamation and question marks, and eliminate stop words. These preprocessed features are taken into feature extraction process. MPCA algorithm is applied to perform feature extraction process. It uses set of correlated features and extracts more informative features for the given dataset. Then the classification algorithm is proposed to detect the hate speech or abusive languages. ECNN is proposed to classify hate and non-hate from the online content more accurately. It takes many inputs and generates output with minimum amount of time with higher accuracy for larger dataset. Thus, the result concludes that the proposed MPCA+ECNN algorithm provides higher accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure values rather than the existing methods.
Decompression of the Suprascapular Nerve at the Superior Scapular Notch Under Combined Arthroscopic and Ultrasound (US) Guidance: US-Arthroscopy
Authors: Prénaud Clément , LOUBEYRE Jeanne , SOUBEYRAND Marc 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Decompression of the suprascapular nerve (SSNe) at the superior scapular notch (SSNo) is usually performed with an arthroscopic procedure. This technique is well described but locating the nerve is complex because it is deeply buried and surrounded by soft tissue. We propose to combine ultrasound and arthroscopy (US-arthroscopy) to facilitate nerve localization, exposure and release. The main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of this technique. Methods: This is an experimental, cadaveric study, carried out on shoulders. The first step of our technique is to locate the SSNo using an ultrasound scanner. Then an arthroscope is introduced under ultrasound control to the SSNo. A second portal is then created to dissect the pedicle and perform the ligament release. Results: Ultrasound identification of the SSNo, endoscopic dissection and decompression of the nerve were achieved in 100% of cases. Ultrasound identification of the SSNo took an average of min (+/-4) while dissection and endoscopic release time took an average of min (+/-5). Conclusion: Ultrasound is an extremely powerful tool for non-invasive localization of nerves through soft tissues, but it is limited by the fact that tissue visualization is limited to the ultrasound slice plane, which is two-82 dimensional. On the other hand, arthroscopy (extra-articular) allows three-dimensional control of the surgical steps performed, but the locating of the nerve involves significant tissue detachment and a risk of damaging the nerve with the dissection. The combination of the two (US-arthroscopy) offers the possibility of combining the advantages of both techniques.
Tuning weight values by resolving imbalances at nodes in an augmented artificial neural network
Authors: Shinkai Gou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tuning the weight values in an artificial neural network for a computational function is essential for artificial intelligence. This letter proposes tuning based on a mathematical model, which conceptually extends the artificial neural network by allowing an imbalance between the sum of the incoming values to a node and the outgoing values from the node in the network. In a different way from the gradient-descent-based tuning that uses multiple updates to minimise the difference between the required output values and the computed output values of an artificial neural network, the proposed tuning resolves the imbalance at each node in the network. The proposed tuning exhibits similar performance to the existing stochastic-gradient-descent-based tuning. In contrast, the proposed tuning does not need to explore the optimal parameters to obtain the optimal weight values. These benefits of the proposed tuning method could accelerate the advancement of artificial intelligence.