bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Single Metal to Bimetallic Sites: Enhanced Higher Hydrocarbons Yield of CO2 Hydrogenation over Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Cui Yu , Guo Lisheng , Gao Weizhe , Wang Kangzhou , Zhao Heng , He Yingluo , Zhang Peipei , Yang Guohui , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMassive CO2 emission has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems. Sustainable conversion and utilization of CO2 is one of the focuses of today‘s society. However, the inertness of CO2 molecules and weak chain growth ability limit the efficient utilization of CO2. Herein, different from conventional Fe‐based catalysts, a series of bimetallic catalysts (FeCo) were prepared to investigate the effects of cobalt species existence on catalytic yield of CO2 hydrogenation. The existence of cobalt promotes the formation of small‐size iron carbides. Meanwhile, a suitable surface composition of Co (2.4 at. %) and Fe (7.4 at. %) element is helpful to promote the selective generation of C2+ products, thus presenting a high yield (Co/Fe@C‐8). This study can provide a systematic guidance to the utilization of high‐efficiently bimetallic catalysts for higher hydrocarbon formation with high yield from CO2.
Ethynylation of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidinesUsing Substituted Ethynylmagnesium Bromides
Authors: Rasputin Nikolay A. , Demina Nadezhda S. , Zhilina Ekaterina F. , Averkov Maksim A. , Rusinov Gennady L. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Charushin Valery N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA series of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐cored push‐pull compounds, bearing ethynyl moieties, was effectively prepared using transition‐metal‐free strategy involving the direct C−H functionalization of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine scaffold with the Grignard‐Iocich reagents (ethynylmagnesium bromides). The basic optical and electrochemical properties of the synthesized derivatives were studied and gave grounds to consider the obtained compounds as promising UV dyes with high quantum yields.
Aqueous‐Phase Photocatalytic Degradation of Emerging Forever Chemical Contaminants
Authors: Kuhn John N. , Sokefun Yetunde Oluwatosin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous photocatalysis is an emerging area of catalysis increasingly fraught with pains caused by the battle between hype and real‐ world application. Inspired by abundant yet diffuse solar energy and applications such as clean water and energy, ample motivation has provided the background for this situation. However, substantial fundamental (e. g., charge transfer, recombination), engineering (e. g., observed rates, photon management), and practical barriers (e. g., use of precious metals, competing technologies) have limited implementation. In this review, these are all outlined, in conjunction with typical strategies for improvements, with an emphasis on the use of semiconductor photocatalysts for the degradation of emerging forever chemical contaminants in water. The selected classes of forever chemical contaminants are (micro)‐plastics, per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAs), siloxanes, and dioxanes. Each has been identified as a key or emerging contaminant and often travel widely while accumulating in the atmosphere due to the lack of natural remediation processes. Recommendations to the field and opportunities for contributions are highlighted throughout and as part of the outlook to the future.
Sub‐Thick Electrodes with Enhanced Transport Kinetics via In Situ Epitaxial Heterogeneous Interfaces for High Areal‐Capacity Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Shuhui , Huang Peng , Xiong Tuzhi , Yang Fang , Yang Hao , Huang Yongchao , Li Dong , Deng Jianqiu , Balogun M.‐Sadeeq (Jie Tang) 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ever‐growing portable electronics and electric vehicle draws the attention of scaling up of energy storage systems with high areal‐capacity. The concept of thick electrode designs has been used to improve the active mass loading toward achieving high overall energy density. However, the poor rate capabilities of electrode material owing to increasing electrode thickness significantly affect the rapid transportation of ionic and electron diffusion kinetics. Herein, a new concept named “sub‐thick electrodes” is successfully introduced to mitigate the Li‐ion storage performance of electrodes. This is achieved by using commercial nickel foam (NF) to develop a monolithic 3D with rich in situ heterogeneous interfaces anode (Cu3P‐Ni2P‐NiO, denoted NF‐CNNOP) to reinforce the adhesive force of the active materials on NF as well as contribute additional capacity to the electrode. The as‐prepared NF‐CNNOP electrode displays high reversible and rate areal capacities of 6.81 and 1.50 mAh cm−2 at 0.40 and 6.0 mA cm−2, respectively. The enhanced Li‐ion storage capability is attributed to the in situ interfacial engineering within the NiO, Ni2P, and Cu3P and the 3D consecutive electron conductive network. In addition, cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge curves, and symmetric cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy consistently reveal improved pseudocapacitance with enhanced transports kinetics in this sub‐thick electrodes.
Simple, Economic, Ecofriendly Method to Extract Starch Nanoparticles from Potato Peel Waste for Biological Applications
Authors: Hasanin Mohamed S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNowadays, global strategies are focusing to decrease environmental waste loading that is developed with reuse or recycle waste products. Moreover, production of the high‐value product from waste is desired especially if these wastes were previously of zero value. In the current work, a green and simple method for extraction of the high‐value product (starch nanoparticles (StNPs)) from zero value waste (potato peel waste (PPW)) the accumulation of which harms the environment. Herein, a new simple method is carried out to prepare StNPs from PPW. The extraction of StNPs is carried out from PPW via simple alkali extraction followed by ultrasonic treatment. The produced StNPs are investigated using various analytical techniques. The antioxidant activity is assessed and shows promising results. In addition, the instrumental analyses confirm that the size of produced StNPs is about 50 nm with regular thin spherical shapes. The thermal stability is notable, as well as the amorphous structure in molecular level as well crystalline on the particle level. The DLS measurements affirm the high stability of StNPs in aqueous solution.
The price of curiosity: information recovery in de Sitter space
Authors: Aalsma Lars , Sybesma Watse 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recent works have revealed that quantum extremal islands can contribute to the fine-grained entropy of black hole radiation reproducing the unitary Page curve. In this paper, we use these results to assess if an observer in de Sitter space can decode information hidden behind their cosmological horizon. By computing the fine-grained entropy of the Gibbons-Hawking radiation in a region where gravity is weak we find that this is possible, but the observer’s curiosity comes at a price. At the same time the island appears, which happens much earlier than the Page time, a singularity forms which the observer will eventually hit. We arrive at this conclusion by studying de Sitter space in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. We emphasize the role of the observer collecting radiation, breaking the thermal equilibrium studied so far in the literature. By analytically solving for the backreacted geometry we show how an island appears in this out-of-equilibrium state.
Singular Dirichlet (p, q)-Equations
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Winkert Patrick 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by the (p, q)-Laplacian and with a reaction having the combined effects of a singular term and of a parametric$$(p-1)$$(p-1)-superlinear perturbation. We prove a bifurcation-type result describing the changes in the set of positive solutions as the parameter$$\lambda >0$$λ>0varies. Moreover, we prove the existence of a minimal positive solution$$u^*_\lambda $$uλ∗and study the monotonicity and continuity properties of the map$$\lambda \rightarrow u^*_\lambda $$λ→uλ∗.
History of the German-language ENT journals
Authors: Stasche Norbert , Bärmann Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 1864, the worldwide oldest journal in an area of the later established specialty of otorhinolaryngology was founded as the German Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde (“Archive of Otology”) by its first editors Anton von Tröltsch (Würzburg), Adam Politzer (Vienna), and Hermann Schwartze (Halle/S.). Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) topics had previously been published in universal medical journals. In the next few decades, numerous journals in the field of ENT were founded, the eventful history of which is presented up to the present day. Particular attention is paid to the historical and personal context of the editors of newly founded magazines and their publishers. The journal landscape, which was changing through acquisitions and mergers of publishers, is described in detail. The merging of the specialties of otology and laryngo-rhinology in Germany, which lasted until the 1920s, had a profound influence on journal titles and contents. An attempt is made to present the most important titles in their historical development. All the important editors of the German ENT journals are mentioned, although it was not possible to include the names of the editors of the current journals, which are becoming more and more numerous. One chapter deals exclusively with the development of journal publishers. The inserted tables and figures will help to resolve some of the confusion caused by repeated similar names of journals by showing their historical development.
Tool wear and spring back analysis in orthogonal machining unidirectional CFRP with respect to tool geometry and fibre orientation
Authors: Seeholzer Lukas , Kneubühler Fabian , Grossenbacher Frank , Wegener Konrad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMachining abrasive carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) is characterised by extensive mechanical wear. In consequence, the cutting edge micro-geometry and thus the tool/material contact situation are continuously changing, which affects process forces and machining quality. As a conclusion, a fundamental understanding of the tool wear behaviour and its influencing factors is crucial in order to improve performance and lifetime of cutting tools. This paper focuses on a fundamental tool wear analysis of uncoated tungsten carbide cutting inserts with different combinations of fibre cutting angles and tool geometries. For this purpose, orthogonal machining experiments with unidirectional CFRP material are conducted, where the wear progression of the micro-geometry is investigated by means of five wear parameterslα,lγ,γ*,α*, andbc. For detecting the actual contact zone of the cutting edge and to measure the elastic spring back of the material, the flank face is marked via short pulsed laser processing. Furthermore, the process forces and the wear rate are measured. It is shown that the material loss due to wear clearly varies along the tool’s contact region and is highly dependent on the clearance angle and the fibre cutting angleΦ, while the influence of the tested rake angles is mostly negligible. Especially in machiningΦ=30° andΦ=60°, a strong elastic spring back is identified, which is more intense for smaller clearance angles. For all tested configurations, the material’s elastic spring back increases in intensity as wear progresses which, in combination with the decreasing clearance angle, is the main reason for high thrust forces.
An influence of slag refining on the structure and mechanical properties of the brass CuZn39Pb2
Authors: Jenek Mariusz , Schlafka Paweł 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe results presented in the dissertation show the influence of a kind and concentration of the flux added during the process of the lead brass smelting on its structure, chemical composition and mechanical properties—hardness and strength. A positive refining, structure, mechanical properties, brass influence of the refining and modification process manifested in an improvement of mechanical properties as well as an increase of the structure, chemical composition and mechanical properties homogeneity in the entire volume of the ingot has been proven. The influence of the flux concentration on the structure and mechanical properties of the alloy was determined. The optimal flux concentration improving the tested properties was established.
Mean-Field Limits: From Particle Descriptions to Macroscopic Equations
Authors: Carrillo José A. , Choi Young-Pil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe rigorously derive pressureless Euler-type equations with nonlocal dissipative terms in velocity and aggregation equations with nonlocal velocity fields from Newton-type particle descriptions of swarming models with alignment interactions. Crucially, we make use of a discrete version of a modulated kinetic energy together with the bounded Lipschitz distance for measures in order to control terms in its time derivative due to the nonlocal interactions.
Large extracellular vesicles in the left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation—the missing link?
Authors: Zietzer Andreas , Al-Kassou Baravan , Jamme Paul , Rolfes Verena , Steffen Eva , Bulic Marko , Hosen Mohammed Rabiul , Goody Philip Roger , Tiyerili Vedat , Zimmer Sebastian , Schrickel Jan Wilko , Sedaghat Alexander , Franklin Bernardo S. , Werner Nikos , Nickenig Georg , Jansen Felix 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmic disease in humans, which leads to thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage and stroke through peripheral embolization. Depending on their origin, large extracellular vesicles (lEVs) can exert pro-coagulant functions. In the present study, we investigated how different types of AF influence the levels of large EV subtypes in three distinct atrial localizations. Blood samples were collected from the right and left atrium and the left atrial appendage of 58 patients. 49% of the patients had permanent AF, 34% had non-permanent AF, and 17% had no history of AF. Flow cytometric analysis of the origin of the lEVs showed that the proportion of platelet-derived lEVs in the left atrial appendage was significantly higher in permanent AF patients compared to non-permanent AF. When we grouped patients according to their current heart rhythm, we also detected significantly higher levels of platelet-derived lEVs in the left atrial appendage (LAA) in patients with atrial fibrillation. In vitro studies revealed, that platelet activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to higher levels of miR-222-3p and miR-223-3p in platelet-derived lEVs. Treatment with lEVs from LPS- or thrombin-activated platelets reduces the migration of endothelial cells in vitro. These results suggest that permanent atrial fibrillation is associated with increased levels of platelet-derived lEVs in the LAA, which are potentially involved in LAA thrombus formation.
A1- and A2 beta-casein on health-related outcomes: a scoping review of animal studies
Authors: Kuellenberg de Gaudry Daniela , Lohner Szimonetta , Bischoff Karin , Schmucker Christine , Hoerrlein Simone , Roeger Christine , Schwingshackl Lukas , Meerpohl Joerg J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Food-derived bioactive peptides may influence important physiological functions. An important example is beta-casomorphins, which are opioid peptides derived from A1 beta-casein in bovine milk and have been associated to be risk factors for non-communicable diseases in humans. A1 and A2 beta-casein are different with respect to the release of bioactive peptides, in particular BCM-7. However, evidence from human studies is limited and could be complemented with evidence derived from animal studies. We conducted a scoping review to identify animal studies investigating the effects of A1 beta-casein or BCM-7 compared to A2 beta-casein or any other intervention on health-related outcomes.

Methods
We systematically searched for relevant studies in two electronic databases (Medline, Embase; last search performed March 2020). Two reviewers independently undertook study selection and data extraction of included references. Results were summarized tabularly and narratively.

Results
We included 42 studies investigating various animal models, including rats, mice, rabbits, and dogs. Six studies investigated health-related outcomes of A1- vs. A2 milk, while most studies (n = 36) reported on physiological properties (e.g., analgesic effect) of BCM-7 as an opioid peptide. Included studies were extremely heterogeneous in terms of the study population, type of intervention and dose, and type of outcome measures.

Conclusions
Only a few studies comparing the effects of A1- and A2 milk were identified. More studies addressing this research question in animal models are needed to provide essential information to inform research gaps. Results from future studies could eventually complement research for humans, particularly when the body of evidence remains uncertain as is the case in the A1- and A2 milk debate.
An ontological metamodel for cyber-physical system safety, security, and resilience coengineering
Authors: Bakirtzis Georgios , Sherburne Tim , Adams Stephen , Horowitz Barry M. , Beling Peter A. , Fleming Cody H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCyber-physical systems are complex systems that require the integration of diverse software, firmware, and hardware to be practical and useful. This increased complexity is impacting the management of models necessary for designing cyber-physical systems that are able to take into account a number of “-ilities”, such that they are safe and secure and ultimately resilient to disruption of service. We propose an ontological metamodel for system design that augments an already existing industry metamodel to capture the relationships between various model elements (requirements, interfaces, physical, and functional) and safety, security, and resilient considerations. Employing this metamodel leads to more cohesive and structured modeling efforts with an overall increase in scalability, usability, and unification of already existing models. In turn, this leads to a mission-oriented perspective in designing security defenses and resilience mechanisms to combat undesirable behaviors. We illustrate this metamodel in an open-source GraphQL implementation, which can interface with a number of modeling languages. We support our proposed metamodel with a detailed demonstration using an oil and gas pipeline model.
Trade agreements and international technology transfer
Authors: Martínez-Zarzoso Inmaculada , Chelala Santiago 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis is the first paper that analyzes for a global sample of countries how trade agreements that include technology-related provisions impact exports of goods, and how this impact differs depending on the technology content of the goods. It includes estimations of a structural gravity model for a panel of 176 countries over the period 1995–2015. The model differentiates between provisions relating technology transfer, technical cooperation, research and development, and patents and intellectual property rights. It also estimates the differences in these effects depending on whether the trade flow in question is between countries with similar or different levels of development. The main results indicate that regional trade agreements (RTAs) that contain technology provisions generate a significantly higher volume of trade than RTAs that do not, after controlling for the depth of the RTAs. For countries that ratify RTAs that include such provisions, it is exports of technology-intensive goods that increase the most. Trade agreements including such provisions have a heterogeneous effect that varies by income level of the trading partners and depends on the extent to which the RTA incorporates other provisions.
Wild geladas (Theropithecus gelada) in crops—more than in pasture areas—reduce aggression and affiliation
Authors: Caselli Marta , Zanoli Anna , Dagradi Carlo , Gallo Alessandro , Yazezew Dereje , Tadesse Abebe , Capasso Michele , Ianniello Davide , Rinaldi Laura , Palagi Elisabetta , Norscia Ivan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman–primate interfaces are expanding and, despite recent studies on primates from peri-urban environments, little research exists on the impact of agriculture and/or pasture areas on primate social behavior and health. We assessed how crop/pasture areas potentially alter social behavior and health of wild geladas (Theropithecus gelada) frequenting the unprotected area of Kundi (Ethiopia). We predicted that compared to pasture areas, crop areas (i) would be more challenging for geladas (prediction 1) and (ii) would have a greater impact on both aggressive and affiliative behavior, by reducing grooming time and enhancing competition (prediction 2). During January–May 2019 and December 2019–February 2020, we collected data (via scan, focal animal sampling, and video analyses) on direct human disturbance, external signs of pathologies and social behavior of 140 individuals from 14 one-male units and two all-male units. Animals experienced the highest level of human disturbance in crop areas (in line with prediction 1). Individuals from the groups preferentially frequenting crop areas showed the highest prevalence of external signs of pathologies consistent with chemical and biological contamination (alopecia/abnormally swollen parts). We collected 48 fecal samples. Samples from frequent crop users contained the highest rates of parasitic elements/gram (egg/larva/oocyst/cyst) from Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, a parasite common in human settlements of the Amhara region. In crop areas, subjects spent less time grooming but engaged in lower rates of intense aggression (in partial agreement with prediction 2). We speculate that the reduction in social behavior may be a tactic adopted by geladas to minimize the likelihood of detection and maximize food intake while foraging in crops.
Viral Prevalence in Wild Serval Population is Driven by Season and Sex
Authors: Loock Daan J. E. , Rendón-Franco Emilio , Williams Samual T. , van Niekerk Johan , Swanepoel Lourens H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the key factors influencing the population dynamics of threatened species such as felids is disease, but long-term studies of the factors influencing seroprevalence of wild felids are extremely rare, hindering conservation efforts. We set out to determine seroprevalence of six viral diseases (feline panleukopenia virus, feline leukemia virus, feline coronavirus, feline calicivirus, feline herpes virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus) among a population of serval (Leptailurus serval) with an extremely high density in South Africa. We captured 55 individuals over four years and screened blood samples for antibodies to each virus. We found that seroprevalence were high (ranging from 30.0% positive for a single virus to 1.8% positive for up to five viruses) and that seroprevalence was influenced by season and sex, but not body condition. We suggest further monitoring of this population and recommend that long-term studies are conducted for serval and other felids to determine whether these trends are representative on a broader scale.