bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic status, ambidextrous learning, and farmers' adoption of biological control technology: evidence from 650 kiwifruit growers in China
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Xiaojing , Xia Xianli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRural China is characterized as having different rates of economic growth. The resource and socioeconomic statuses of farm households greatly affect their productivity and the activities they engage in. The main objective in this study was to explore the mechanisms concerning how socioeconomic status of kiwifruit growers affects their adoption of biological control technology (BCT). To achieve this objective, field survey data from 650 kiwifruit farmers in specific kiwifruit growing areas of Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces in China were investigated. The binary probit model and Bootstrap dual mediated utility models served to assess socioeconomic status's effect on farmers' BCT adoption.RESULTSThis study discovered a significant positive correlation between socioeconomic status and the adoption rate of biological control technology. Farmers of various socioeconomic status have significant differences in the rate of BCT adoption. This study's empirical analysis found that exploratory learning and exploitative learning under dual learning had a significant mediating effect on farmers' socioeconomic status when it came to BCT acceptance.CONCLUSIONResults show that the rate of BCT adoption is related to farmers' socioeconomic status and dual learning mode, which provides new insights for understanding how farmers implement new technology. This study will help agricultural extension departments increase their awareness of BCT adoption by farmers, and the development of diverse learning approaches in response to differences in socioeconomic status of farmers may significantly increase their likelihood to implement BCT. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Novel approaches to the management of recurrent pregnancy loss: The OPTIMUM (OPtimization of Thyroid function, Thrombophilia, Immunity, and Uterine Milieu) treatment strategy
Authors: Kuroda Keiji , Ikemoto Yuko , Horikawa Takashi , Moriyama Azusa , Ojiro Yuko , Takamizawa Satoru , Uchida Toyoyoshi , Nojiri Shuko , Nakagawa Koji , Sugiyama Rikikazu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeDoes theOPtimization ofThyroid function,Thrombophilia,Immunity, andUterineMilieu (OPTIMUM) treatment strategy, developed for treating repeated implantation failure (RIF), contribute to improving pregnancy outcomes in patients with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)?MethodsBetween 2018 and 2019, women with RPL after two or more clinical pregnancy losses underwent RPL testing. We treated chronic endometritis with antibiotics, high Th1/Th2 cell ratios with vitamin D and/or tacrolimus, overt/subclinical hypothyroidism with levothyroxine, and thrombophilia with low‐dose aspirin. Of 168 consecutive women aged ≤43 years, 115 underwent RPL testing. We compared 100 pregnancies (90 women) and 46 pregnancies (41 women) with and without the OPTIMUM treatment strategy, respectively.ResultsRPL testing identified intrauterine abnormalities in 66 (57.4%), elevated Th1/Th2 cell ratios in 50 (43.5%), thyroid dysfunction in 33 (28.7%), and thrombophilia in 33 (28.7%). The live birth rate in the OPTIMUM group was significantly higher than that in the control group among women aged <40 years (78.1% and 42.3%, respectively;p = 0.002), but no significant difference was observed in women aged ≥40 years (55.6% and 30.0%, respectively;p = 0.09).ConclusionsThe OPTIMUM treatment strategy improved pregnancy outcomes in patients with not only RIF but also RPL.
Time delay control with sliding mode observer for a class of nonlinear systems: Performance and stability
Authors: Han Xiaoran , Küçükdemiral İbrahim , Suphi Erden Mustafa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTime delay control (TDC) is a type of disturbance observer (DO)‐based control, where the disturbance estimation is performed by using the past information of control input and measurement signals. Despite its capability, there are concerns about its practical implementation. First, it requires acceleration measurements which are generally not available in many industrial systems. Second, input delays are introduced into the closed‐loop system, but the relation between the size of the delay and the performance of TDC has not been studied. Finally, there is a lack of tools to analyze its performance in disturbance estimation and robust stability for a given set of control parameters. We construct Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals for a class of nonlinear systems which leads to delay‐dependent conditions in linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for the ultimate boundedness of the closed‐loop system. This provides a means for analyzing the trade‐off between the accuracy of disturbance estimation and robust stability. To circumvent acceleration measurements, we construct a sliding mode (SM) observer where the resulting error dynamics turns into a neutral type delay system. The existence conditions of both the SM control and SM observer are provided via a single LMI. A simulation example considering the tracking control of an autonomous underwater vehicle at constant and varying speed with a comparison to a non‐TDC shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effect of Topical Treatment with 7.5% Urea in Ichthyosis Vulgaris: A Randomized, Controlled, Double Blinded, Split Body Study Evaluating the Effect of Urea Cream Compared to the Vehicle (Moisturizing) Cream
Authors: Dorf I. L. H. , Lunen M. S. , Koppelhus U. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Ichthyosis Vulgaris (IV) is a common genetic skin disease, characterized by dry, scaling skin and itch. Urea cream has been a central part of IV treatment for decades, but only few studies have evaluated the effect of urea compared to basic moisturizers.

Objective
To evaluate the treatment effect of 7.5% urea cream compared to a basic moisturizer in patients with IV.

Methods
Participants (n = 14) were randomized to apply the 7.5% urea cream on one body half and a basic moisturizer on the other during a study period of 4 weeks. Measuring points on participants arms and legs were evaluated at baseline and at endpoint with a patient questionnaire visual assessment scale (VAS), a clinical scoring, and electronic skin hydration analysis to assess the treatment effects.

Results
On the arms, no significant differences between the two treatments were found. On the legs, however, the urea treated areas had a significantly higher decrease in SRRC score (0.7 points [95% CI: 1.1–0.3, p &lt; 0.005]) and increase in hydration (32.1 μS [95% CI: 10.9-53.2, p &lt; 0.006]).

Conclusion
Skin hydration improved significantly with both urea and moisturising treatment. On the legs, with most keratinization, urea was superior.
Trial registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02978209?cond=Ichthyosis+Vulgaris&draw=1&rank=2.
Pillar[5]arene‐based “Three‐components” Supramolecular Assembly and the Performance of Nitrobenzene‐based Explosive Fluorescence Sensing
Authors: Chong Hui , Xu Yinghui , Han Ying , Yan Chaoguo , Su Dawei , Wang Chengyin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA “three‐components” supramolecular assembly has been fabricated by mixing 2, 2’: 6’, 2”‐terpyridine attached pillar[5]arene, cyano and triazole bearing alkyl chain and Zn2+ in solvent of CHCl3 and CH3CN. The driving forces for the assembly were believed to be host‐guest and metal chelating interactions as characterized by 1H NMR, UV‐vis and fluorescence spectra. The supramolecular organo‐gel formed upon the concentration of components amount to 1 M. The supramolecular displayed nitrobenzene based explosive sensing capability using picric acid, ortho‐nitrobenzene and phenol as samples. The assembly was most sensitive towards picric acid among the three analytes. The limit of detection for picric acid was determined to be 1.66 × 10−4 M.
Fenofibrate inhibits hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha and carbonic anhydrase expression through activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase/HO‐1/Sirt1 pathway in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Lin Chingju , Lai Sheng‐Wei , Shen Ching‐Kai , Chen Chao‐Wei , Tsai Cheng‐Fang , Liu Yu‐Shu , Lu Dah‐Yuu , Huang Bor‐Ren 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCancer and its associated conditions have significant impacts on public health at many levels worldwide, and cancer is the leading cause of death among adults. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα)‐specific agonists, fibrates, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for managing hyperlipidemia. PPARα‐specific agonists exert anti‐cancer effects in many human cancer types, including glioblastoma (GBM). Recently, we have reported that the hypoxic state in GBM stabilizes hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α), thus contributing to tumor escape from immune surveillance by activating the expression of the pH‐regulating protein carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9). In this study, we aimed to study the regulatory effects of the PPARα agonist fibrate on the regulation of HIF‐1α expression and its downstream target protein in GBM. Our findings showed that fenofibrate is the high potency compound among the various fibrates that inhibit hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α and CA9 expression in GBM. Moreover, fenofibrate‐inhibited HIF‐1α expression is mediated by HO‐1 activation in GBM cells through the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. In addition, fenofibrate‐enhanced HO‐1 upregulation activates SIRT1 and leads to subsequent accumulation of SIRT1 in the nucleus, which further promotes HIF‐1α deacetylation and inhibits CA9 expression. Using a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, we also observed that fenofibrate inhibited HIF‐1α protein synthesis. In addition, the administration of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 showed that fenofibrate promoted HIF‐1α protein degradation in GBM. Hence, our results indicate that fenofibrate is a useful anti‐GBM agent that modulates hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α expression through multiple cellular pathways.
Curriculum and Coaching: Maximizing our Investments in Teaching
Authors: Walpole Sharon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article advocates for investments in curriculum and in coaching to support the work of teachers. It recommends coherent systems of professional learning to include active work with curriculum before it is used and support from coaches during use. To facilitate this work, the author provides a theory of change to move from curriculum and coaching to achievement, and a rubric for schools to use to document a set of enabling conditions and school‐level norms that would facilitate the work of coaches.
Unitarization of the Horocyclic Radon Transform on Homogeneous Trees
Authors: Bartolucci Francesca , De Mari Filippo , Monti Matteo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFollowing previous work in the continuous setup, we construct the unitarization of the horocyclic Radon transform on a homogeneous tree X and we show that it intertwines the quasi regular representations of the group of isometries of X on the tree itself and on the space of horocycles.
Rise of extremity fractures and sport accidents in children at 8–12 years and increase of admittance via the resuscitation room over a decade
Authors: Voth M. , Sommer K. , Schindler C. , Frank J. , Marzi I. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
In an emergency department, the majority of pediatric trauma patients present because of minor injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal changes in age-related injury pattern, trauma mechanism, and surgeries in pediatric patients.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients < 18 years of age following trauma from 01/2009 to 12/2018 at a level I trauma center. They were divided into two groups: group A (A: 01/2009 to 12/2013) and group B (B: 01/2014 to 12/2018). Injury mechanism, injury pattern, and surgeries were analyzed. As major injuries fractures, dislocations, and organ injuries and as minor injuries contusions and superficial wounds were defined.

Results
23,582 patients were included (58% male, median age 8.2 years).
There was a slight increase in patients comparing A (n = 11,557) and B (n = 12,025) with no difference concerning demographic characteristics.
Significant more patients (A: 1.9%; B: 2.4%) were admitted to resuscitation room, though the number of multiple injured patients was not significantly different.
In A (25.5%), major injuries occurred significantly less frequently than in B (27.0%), minor injuries occurred equally. Extremity fractures were significantly more frequent in B (21.5%) than in A (20.2%), peaking at 8–12 years.
Most trauma mechanisms of both groups were constant, with a rising of sport injuries at 8–12 years.

Conclusion
Although number of patients increases only slightly over a decade, there was a clear increase in major injuries, particularly extremity fractures, peaking at 8–12 years. At this age also sport accidents significantly increased.
At least, admittance to resuscitation room rose but without an increase of multiple injured patients.
On preventing the dripping effect of overhang constraints in topology optimization for additive manufacturing
Authors: Garaigordobil Alain , Ansola Rubén , Fernandez de Bustos Igor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article falls within the scope of topology optimization for Additive Manufacturing processes and proposes an alternative strategy to prevent the phenomenon known as the Dripping Effect. The Dripping Effect is when an overhang constraint is imposed on topology optimization processes for Additive Manufacturing and is defined as the formation of oscillatory contour trends within the prescribed threshold angle. Although these drop-like formations constitute local minimizers of the constraint function, they do not provide a printable feature, and, therefore, they neither eliminate the need to form temporary support structures. So far, there has been no general agreement on how to prevent the Dripping Effect, so this work aims to introduce a strategy that effectively prevents it, and that at the same time may be easy to extrapolate to other types of geometric overhang restrictions. This paper provides a study of the origin of the Dripping Effect and gives detailed instructions on how the proposed prevention strategy is applied. In addition, several benchmark examples where the Dripping Effect is prevented are shown.
Influence of separation structure on the dynamics of shock/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions
Authors: Adler Michael C. , Gaitonde Datta V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractShock/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions (STBLIs) are ubiquitous in high-speed flight and propulsion applications. Experimental and computational investigations of swept, three-dimensional (3-D) interactions, which exhibit quasi-conical mean-flow symmetry in the limit of infinite span, have demonstrated key differences in unsteadiness from their analogous, two-dimensional (2-D), spanwise-homogeneous counterparts. For swept interactions, represented by the swept–fin-on-plate and swept–compression–ramp-on-plate configurations, differences associated with the separated shear layers may be traced to the intermixing of 2-D (spanwise independent) and 3-D (spanwise dependent) scaling laws for the separated mean flow. This results in a broader spectrum of unsteadiness that includes relatively lower frequencies associated with the separated shear layers in 3-D interactions. However, lower frequency ranges associated with the global “breathing” of strongly separated 2-D interactions are significantly less prominent in these simple, swept 3-D interactions. A logical extension of 3-D interaction complexity is the compound interaction formed by the merging of two simple interactions. The first objective of this work is therefore to analyze the more complex picture of the dynamics of such interactions, by considering as an exemplar, wall-resolved simulations of the double-fin-on-plate configuration. We show that in the region of interaction merging, new flow scales, changes in separation topology, and the emergence of lower-frequency phenomena are observed, whereas the dynamics of the interaction near the fin leading edges are similar to those of the simple, swept interactions. The second objective is to evolve a unified understanding of the dynamics of STBLIs associated with complex configurations relevant to actual propulsion systems, which involve the coupling between multiple shock systems and multiple flow separation and attachment events. For this, we revisit the salient aspects of scaling phenomena in a manner that aids in assimilating the double-fin flow with simpler swept interactions. The emphasis is on the influence of the underlying structure of the separated flow on the dynamics. The distinct features of the compound interactions manifest in a centerline symmetry pattern that replaces the quasi-conical symmetry of simple interactions. The primary separation displays topological closure to reveal new length scales, associated unsteadiness bands, and secondary flow separation.
Residual stress in laser-based directed energy deposition of aluminum alloy 2024: simulation and validation
Authors: Caiazzo Fabrizia , Alfieri Vittorio , Bolelli Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSimulations of laser-based directed energy deposition of metals have received increasing interest aimed at reducing the experimental effort to select the proper processing condition for the repair or overhaul of actual components. One of the main issues to be addressed is the evaluation of the residual stress, which may lead to part failure under nominal loading. In this frame and specifically relating to aluminum alloys, few works have been developed and validated. This lack of knowledge is addressed in this paper: namely, the proper approach to simulate the activation of the deposited metal is discussed in case of single deposition and is shifted to a case of multiple depositions over a substrate. The validation of the predicted residual stress is made by comparison with the actual stress resulting from X-ray diffraction.
Thank God it’s Friday?—Correlation of the beginning and end of the week in general and Christmas holidays in particular with manner of death
Authors: Franckenberg Sabine , Sieberth Till , Fliss Barbara , Ebert Lars , Thali Michael J. , Dobay Akos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
We evaluated the phrase “Thank God it’s Friday” (TGIF) from a forensic pathologist’s view, i.e. the correlation between the beginning and end of the week in general and Christmas Holidays in particular and the manner of death.

Material and methods
We retrospectively analyzed 758 consecutive autopsy cases from January 2017 to June 2019.

Results
There was no correlation between natural deaths and the beginning or the end of the week. One of our main findings in terms of a weekday effect was a profound increase in homicides towards the end of the week. In terms of a Christmas Holiday effect, we sadly observed a profoundly higher rate of suicide cases during Christmas Holidays compared with the rest of the year.

Conclusion
The TGIF phrase should be modified towards something like “Thank God, it’s Monday” (TGIM). We also should look out for our lonely and mood-susceptible fellow human beings in particular during Christmas Holidays.
Localization in Stationary Non-equilibrium Solutions for Multicomponent Coagulation Systems
Authors: Ferreira Marina A. , Lukkarinen Jani , Nota Alessia , Velázquez Juan J. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider the multicomponent Smoluchowski coagulation equation under non-equilibrium conditions induced either by a source term or via a constant flux constraint. We prove that the corresponding stationary non-equilibrium solutions have a universal localization property. More precisely, we show that these solutions asymptotically localize into a direction determined by the source or by a flux constraint: the ratio between monomers of a given type to the total number of monomers in the cluster becomes ever closer to a predetermined ratio as the cluster size is increased. The assumptions on the coagulation kernel are quite general, with isotropic power law bounds. The proof relies on a particular measure concentration estimate and on the control of asymptotic scaling of the solutions which is allowed by previously derived estimates on the mass current observable of the system.
Tactile sensitivity in the rat: a correlation between receptor structure and function
Authors: Guzun Lucia , Fortier-Poisson Pascal , Langlais Jean-Sébastien , Smith Allan M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSingle cutaneous fibers were recorded in the median nerve of the deeply anesthetized rat and the receptor morphology in the forelimb glabrous skin was analyzed to establish a probable correlation between receptor anatomy and physiology. Receptor complexes in the glabrous skin of the rat forelimb were stained immunologically with antibodies NF-200 and PGP-9.5, confirming the presence of Meissner corpuscles and Merkel complexes within the dermal papilla similar to other mammals including primates. Both the Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cell complexes were sparse and located in the pyramidal-shaped palmer pads and the apex of the digit extremities. They were almost totally absent elsewhere in the glabrous skin. No Ruffini receptors or Pacinian corpuscles were found in our samples. A total of 92 cutaneous fibers were retained long enough for analysis. Thirty-five (38%) were characterized as rapidly adapting fibers (RA) and 57 (62%) were slowly adapting afferents (SA). Despite the very limited number of receptors at the tip of the digit, RA receptors outnumbered SA fibers 3.2/1.0. In contrast, SA fibers on the thenar pad outnumbered RA receptors by a ratio of 3–1. Despite the very limited number of low threshold mechanoreceptors in the glabrous skin of the rat forelimb, the prevalence of SA afferents in the palm and more frequent occurrence of RA afferents in the digit extremity suggest differences in functionality both for locomotion and object manipulation.
Occurrence, Geochemistry and Speciation of Elevated Arsenic Concentrations in a Fractured Bedrock Aquifer System
Authors: McGrory Ellen , Henry Tiernan , Conroy Peter , Morrison Liam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe presence of elevated arsenic concentrations (≥ 10 µg L−1) in groundwaters has been widely reported in areas of South-East Asia with recent studies showing its detection in fractured bedrock aquifers is occurring mainly in regions of north-eastern USA. However, data within Europe remain limited; therefore, the objective of this work was to understand the geochemical mobilisation mechanism of arsenic in this geologic setting using a study site in Ireland as a case study. Physicochemical (pH, Eh, d-O2), trace metals, major ion and arsenic speciation samples were collected and analysed using a variety of field and laboratory-based techniques and evaluated using statistical analysis. Groundwaters containing elevated dissolved arsenic concentrations (up to 73.95 µg L−1) were characterised as oxic-alkali groundwaters with the co-occurrence of other oxyanions (including Mo, Se, Sb and U), low dissolved concentrations of Fe and Mn, and low Na/Ca ratios indicated that arsenic was mobilised through alkali desorption of Fe oxyhydroxides. Arsenic speciation using a solid-phase extraction methodology (n = 20) showed that the dominant species of arsenic was arsenate, with pH being a major controlling factor. The expected source of arsenic is sulphide minerals within fractures of the bedrock aquifer with transportation of arsenic and other oxyanion forming elements facilitated by secondary Fe mineral phases. However, the presence of methylarsenical compounds detected in groundwaters illustrates that microbially mediated mobilisation processes may also be (co)-occurring. This study gives insight into the geochemistry of arsenic mobilisation that can be used to further guide research needs in this area for the protection of groundwater resources.