bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El derecho a la desconexión digital. El teletrabajo: una necesidad.
Authors: Ferreyra Consuelo , Vera Ocampo Carolina 
Published: December 2021

El avance de la tecnología con la denominada “cuarta revolución industrial” se ve reflejado en el mundo del trabajo lo que sin duda genera un impacto en las relaciones laborales. Resulta vital la utilización de los dispositivos electrónicos en la prestación de servicios o TIC, lo que genera cambios en la organización del trabajo e impacto en las condiciones esenciales de la relación laboral como lo es la jornada de trabajo. Al permitir que se trabaje en cualquier lugar y en cualquier momento, se difumina la línea entre las horas de trabajo y la vida personal. Sin dudas, que resulta prioritario en el derecho del trabajo velar por los derechos laborales fundamentales, y es por ello que se debe repensar y analizar el “derecho a la desconexión digital del trabajador”, en el marco del teletrabajo como un postulado esencial. El derecho a la desconexión digital se trata de una denominación específica, que pretende tutelar el descanso de los trabajadores. Hablar de desconexión digital es lo mismo que afirmar que el trabajador tiene derecho a una jornada limitada, que respete sus horarios y descansos.
Sumario:
I. Introducción.
II. La regulación del contrato de servicios en el Código Civil y Comercial.
III. Los puntos de contacto entre la relación de trabajo y el contrato de servicios.
IV. Posibles avances de la regulación del contrato del servicios sobre el Derecho del Trabajo, desde una posición crítica.
V. La regulación del contrato de servicios en el Código Civil y Comercial es progresiva.
VI. Los criterios desde la legislación del trabajo y la necesaria aplicación de las normas del CCyC sólo en caso de recurrir a la presuncióndel art. 23 de la LCT.
VII. Criterios de la regulación del contrato de servicios útiles a los fines de desvirtuar o revalidar la presunción del art. 23 de la LCT.
VIII ¿Una revalorización del contrato de servicios frente a la relación de trabajo? A raíz de los fallos “Cairone” y “Rica” de la CSJN.
IX. La renovación de los indicadores de laboralidad a raíz de las trasformaciones tecnológicas en el ámbito de los servicios. X. La relación de trabajo y el contrato de servicios a la luz de la Recomendación 198 de la OIT.
XI. Algunos pasos se han dado y otros se han propuesto.
XII. La protección del trabajo con independencia de su forma de realización y la consiguiente desaparición de los límites entre la relación de trabajo dependiente y el contrato de servicios.
XIII. Bibliografía por autor.
Covid-19 and Childhood Obesity (Co-Besity) in the Era of New Normal Life: A Need for a Policy Research
Authors: Bhattacharya Sudip , Aggarwal Pradeep , Bera Om Prakash , Saleem Sheikh Mohd , Shikha Deep , Vallabh Vidisha , Juyal Ruchi , Singh Amarjeet 
Published: December 2021

Background In the era of new normal life after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), our children are experiencing the double threat of COVID-19 and Childhood Obesity (CO-BESITY). The rate of childhood obesity has been rapidly increasing in developed as well as low middle-income countries during the pandemic. Design and Methods The current paper aims to identify the probable reasons of increase in childhood obesity during this pandemic and offers suggestions to reduce the burden of it. Literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for the key terms “childhood obesity,” “obesity,” “pandemic,” and/or childhood obesity. All the relevant articles were included to support the argument for this viewpoint. Results Childhood obesity is a complicated disorder having diverse outcomes. The incidence of childhood obesity is analysed from Bronfenbrenner's model of child development. The model examines an overabundance of bio-psycho-social backgrounds, risks, and probable outcomes on the development of a child. COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the ecosystem of this dynamic model and has created an economic and social-cultural crisis that has ignited a chain reaction of stressors upon children and their families. In this paper, we have described how this Bronfenbrenner's model of child development also known as the Bioecological Model can be effective for the estimation and prevention of childhood obesity. Conclusion We propose that this Bioecological Model will help the children and their families further understand and manage the problem of childhood obesity during this pandemic on their own.
Integrating Safe Space Ally Training Into the Athletic Training Curriculum
Authors: Aronson Patricia A. , Cartwright Lorin A. , Lopez Rebecca M. 
Published: December 2021

Context
It has become increasingly important that athletic trainers (ATs) understand and promote diversity, inclusion, and cultural competency. One technique athletic training educators can use to promote cultural competency for those in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA+) community is by attending a safe space ally training (SST) program to integrate the concepts of SST programing into their curriculum.

Objective
To provide athletic training educators with techniques to integrate inclusion and cultural competence regarding the LGBTQIA+ community into the athletic training curriculum using SST content. Our goal is that athletic training educators will train future ATs as well as embrace individual professional development.

Background
The National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) LGBTQ+ Advisory Committee (AC) has created an SST workshop for athletic trainers. Educators can promote cultural competency throughout the curriculum using evidence-based training programs such as the NATA LGBTQ+ AC SST.

Description
The emphasis of SST is to improve cultural competence regarding sexual minorities to improve inclusivity in all athletic training settings. It is critical that athletic training education programs prepare graduates to be competent, compassionate, patient-centered and professional ATs who are ready to function as health care professionals for all patients.

Clinical Advantage(s)
A goal of cultural competency is to create an inclusive environment within all athletic training settings, whether it be in a classroom, a clinic, or a nontraditional work setting. Health disparities and health care inequities must be appreciated by every AT to deliver compassionate and competent care for all in marginalized populations. Educators can make a difference in the future of athletic training by increasing the cultural competency of their students.

Conclusion(s)
Patient-centered care, knowledge of the care of those in diverse and minority populations, and ethical behavior can be enhanced through SST programs.
Clinico-Etiological Factors, Neuroimaging Characteristics and Outcome in Pediatric Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Cornelius Leema P. , Elango Neeraj , Jeyaram Venkateswaran Kuttava 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is rare in children, increasingly being recognized of late due to advances in neuroimaging. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical, etiological, and imaging characteristics of CVST and its outcome in children.

Study Design:
A retrospective chart review of children with CVST in a tertiary hospital from January 2011 to December 2020.

Results:
Of the 35 patients enrolled, 26 (74.3%) patients were males. The mean age was 5.03 years with a range of 0.17–12 years. The common presenting symptoms were seizures in 18 (51.4%) followed by headache in 17 (48.6%), fever in 16 (45.7%), and vomiting in 15 (42.9%) children. Superior sagittal sinus was the commonest site of thrombus occlusion in 20 (57%), followed by transverse sinus in 18 (51.4%) patients. Multiple sinus involvement was noticed in one-half of the patients. The risk factors associated with CVST were head and neck infections in 15 (42.9%) children, inherited thrombophilia in 4 (11.6%), head trauma, iron deficiency anemia, leukemia with l-asparaginase therapy, acquired thrombophilia in 3 (8.6%) each, dehydration in 2 (5.7%), and dural arteriovenous fistula in one child. Two children (5.7%) died and one-third of the cohort had a poor outcome.

Conclusions:
Head and neck infections continue to be the common cause of CVST in children. Though mortality is low, CVST is associated with significant morbidity in children.
The Relative Associations of the Paediatric Trauma Score and Revised Trauma Score with the Severity of Childhood Trauma
Authors: Asuquo Joseph E. , Abang Innocent E. , Anisi Chukwuemeka O. , Lasebikan Omolade A. , Agweye Pius U. , Okeke Nwakeago E. , Asuquo Best J. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Children are prone to unintentional injuries and various scoring systems have been used to triage these injuries. The aim of this study is to determine the associations between paediatric trauma score (PTS), revised trauma score (RTS) and the length of hospital stay as an indicator of injury severity.

Methods:
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar and National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu from February 2018 to March 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect personal, injury-specific and treatment-specific data. The relationship between PTS, RTS and the length of hospital stay was evaluated using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:
A total of 212 patients were included in the study. Majorities (129, 60%) of the injured children were male and most of the injuries were due to falls from height (54%). The mean PTS was 5.36 ± 1.9, while the mean RTS was 7.10 ± 0.9. The Pearson's product momentum correlation coefficient shows that there was weak but statistically significant correlation between the PTS and the RTS (r = 0.22, P = 0.02). The one-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant decrease in the RTS with increasing duration of hospital admission (F-statistic = 6.654, df = 3, P = 0.000). The PTS showed a less obvious decrease with no trend.

Conclusion:
In this study, the RTS showed an inverse relationship with the length of hospital stay.
Sensation-Preserving Clitoral Reduction Surgery
Authors: Rawat Jiledar , Singh Sudhir 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The knowledge that preservation of clitoral sensation is essential for future sexual satisfaction gave rise to sensation-preserving clitoral reduction surgery. We present our results of sensation-preserving clitoral reduction procedure in the small group of patients.

Aims and Objectives:
To show our technique and result of sensation-preserving clitoral reduction surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study of cases with clitoromegaly, over a 5-year period, in which sensation-preserving clitoral reduction procedure was done by us at our centre. Demographics, indication for clitoral reduction, operative procedure, operative time, any intraoperative difficulty or problem, anaesthesia type, post-operative stay and outcome were analysed. Pre-operative and post-operative evaluation for clitoral viability done in all the cases, and evaluation for clitoral sensory testing and vibratory sensory testing done in selected cases.

Results:
A total of eight cases were operated in the last 5 years. Five were due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Immediate post-operative period was uneventful in all. Cosmetic appearance and viability were satisfactory in all the cases. In five cases, clitoral sensory testing and vibratory sensory testing were done, an average degree of sensation of 3.2 at the labia minora and 4.7 at the clitoris and an average values clitoral vibratory sensory testing for the introitus, clitoris, labia and thigh were 3.56, 1.61, 5.08 and 5.83, respectively.

Conclusions:
Clitoral enlargement in girls is a rare problem. Sensation-preserving ventral clitoral reduction surgery leads to preservation of neurovascular bundles leads to acceptable cosmesis and preserved sensation.
The Polish Contribution to Central European Musical Culture in the Seventeenth Century. The Case of Marcin Mielczewski
Authors: Przybyszewska-Jarmińska Barbara 
Published: December 2021

The seventeenth-century Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, embracing the lands of the Polish Crown (together with the territory of present-day Ukraine) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, belonged geographically to both Central and Eastern Europe. It was a multiethnic and multiconfessional state, in which the Latin and Greek cultures were mutually interactive. With regard to the musical culture of the royal court, however, itwas the close ties with Italy that were of the greatest significance. The Polish kings of the Vasa dynasty (above ali Zygmunt III and Władysław IV) maintained music chapels consisting to a considerable extent of Italian musicians, among whom were Luca Marenzio, Giulio Cesare Gabussi, Asprilio Pacelli, Giovanni Francesco Anerio and Tarquinio Merula. Thanks to the Polish patronage, they not only composed newworks, but also trained musicians of various nations belonging to the royal ensembles. Among the composers trained at the Polish court was the Italian Marco Scacchi (d. 1662), chapel-master to Władysław IV, the composer of operas staged in the royal theatre, and also a music theorist – the author of a classification of musical genres which was produced during Scacchi's dispute over music theory with the Gdansk organist Paul Siefert. This dispute contributed to the popularisation across Europe of the works of Scacchi and also of other musicians associated with the court of the Polish Vasas. Extant handwritten sources of Silesian provenance (belonging to the Emil Bohn collection, currently held in the Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin) testify the considerable interest in this region (now within the Polish borders, but in the seventeenth century constituting a dominion of the Empire) in the religious compositions of Marcin Mielczewski (d. 1651), musician to Władysław IV (until 1644) and subsequently, until his death, chapel-master to Karol Ferdinand Vasa, Bishop of Płock and Wrocław. Of Mielczewski's compositional output for the needs of the Roman Catholic Church, copyists from Lutheran circles in Wrocław chose primarily psalms that were universal to the Christian repertory, furnishing those works whose texts chimed with the doctrine of the Augsburg confession with more appropriate texts of German-language contrafacta. However, this method was not always successful in eliminating traces of Catholicism, which remained, for example, in the melodies of works based on pre-compositional material drawn by Mielczewski from Marian songs that were popular in Poland (e.g. the church concerto Audite gentes et exsultate, also preserved in a version with the text of a German-language contrafactum entitled Nun höret alle, based on the song O gloriosa Domina, which in the former Commonwealth was treated as a chivalrous hymn).
Hepatitis B virus prevalence, immunization and immune response in people living with HIV/AIDS in Istanbul, Turkey: a 21-year data analysis
Authors: Zerdali Esra , Yilmaz Nakir Inci , Surme Serkan , Yildirim Mustafa 
Published: December 2021

Objective: We aimed to determine Hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, immune status, and the prevalence of antibody response in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Istanbul, Turkey.
Methods: The study includes PLWHA aged 18 years and older who were followed-up for at least 6 months from 1997 to 2018.
Results: Of the 653 patients with PLWHA, 99 (15.2%) were both antiHBc-IgG and antiHBs positive, 120 (18.3%) were antiHBc-IgG positive/antiHBs negative. HBsAg was positive in 40 (6.1%) patients. HBsAg positive coinfection (≤40 years 4.6% vs. >40 years 21.7%, p<0.001) and antiHBc-IgG positivity/antiHBs negativity (≤40 years 14.0% vs. >40 years 26.5, p<0.001) were higher in PLWHA older than 40 years. The prevalence of HIV/HBV coinfection reached a peak level of 22.2% in 2004, and it decreased to 3.3% in 2018. The prevalence of immunization before HIV diagnosis was low (15.6%). The prevalence of antibody response (anti-HBs>10 IU/L) after immunization for HBV was 50%. A higher protective response was associated with CD4+≥350 cell/mm3 (59.3%, p=0.014).
Conclusion: HBV coexistence in PLWHA remains an imperatively important problem. The most conclusive methods in solving this problem are to prevent transmission by immunization and control measures. Also, HBV screening should in no manner be neglected in PLWHA.
Keywords: HIV; Hepatitis B; prevalence.
Factors affecting willingness to comply with public health measures during the pandemic among sub-Sahara Africans
Authors: Nwaeze Obinna , Langsi Raymond , L Osuagwu Uchechukwu , Oloruntoba Richard , O Ovenseri-Ogbomo Godwin , K Abu Emmanuel , Chikasirimobi G Timothy , Donald Charwe Deborah , Ekpenyong Bernadine , P Mashige Khathutshelo , Christopher Goson Piwuna , Ishaya Tanko , Agho Kingsley 
Published: December 2021

Background: The unprecedented outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) drastically spread worldwide, resulting in extraordinary measures put in place in various countries including Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) countries.
Objective: To assess the factors associated with compliance with the public health measures imposed by various SSA countries.
Method: Cross sectional study using self-administered surveys distributed on social media platforms between April 18th and May 16th, 2020, corresponding with the mandatory lockdown period in most SSA countries. Multivariate analysis examined theassociated factors.
Results: The prevalence of hand hygiene, quarantine, self isolation practices, wearing of face mask and attending large gatherings during COVID-19 were 94%, 39%, 31%, 64% and 14%, respectively. In multivariate models, older age 49+ years: adjusted OR2.13, 95%CI 1.22,3.71), females (OR 1.41,95%CI 1.03,1.93), Central African countries (OR 3.73,95%CI 2.02,6.87) were associated with wearing face mask. Living alone (aOR 1.52,95%CI 1.04,2.24) during the lockdown was associated with avoiding large gatherings including religious events. Female respondents (aOR 1.61, 95%CI 1.30, 2.00), married (aOR 1.71,95%CI 1.33,2.21) and unemployed (aOR 1.62,95%CI 1.25,2.09) SSAs were more likely to practice self-quarantine measures.
Conclusion: The low prevalence of mitigation practices suggest the need for targeted education campaign programs to sensitise the population.
Keywords: Facemask; Handwashing; Self-isolation; Mitigation; Survey monkey; Pandemic; Lockdown; West Africa; Eastern Africa; South Africa; Nigeria.
The evaluation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and carbapenamase producing Klebsiella colonization among ICU-Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Karaşin Gökhan , Bayram Yasemin , Parlak Mehmet , Aypak Cenk , Akgül Mustafa , Güdücüoğlu Hüseyin 
Published: December 2021

Background: Multi-drug resistant organisms, especially Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and Carbapenam Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), are serious health threat. Early detection of resistant bacteria colonization amongpatients in intensive care units (ICUs) not only enables effective treatment but more importantly prevents disease and limits transmission. Therefore, we aimed to to assess the frequency of VRE and KPC colonization via rectal swab sampling.
Methods: The study was carried out in ICUs of a tertiary hospital. Two rectal swab samples were collected within the first 24 hours of admission and another one was taken every subsequent 15 days to test for for VRE and KPC carriage.
Results: A total 316 rectal swab samples taken from 230 patients. Forty-seven patients were screened at least 2 times. 183 patients were not further screened due to discharge, exitus or transfer to other wards. Thirty-six patients (16%) were determinedto be VRE (+). The most frequently isolated strain was E. faecium (80.5%) and its most common genotype was VanA (87.5%). Seven patients (3%) were identified as KPC (+). OXA-48 type crbapenamase was confirmed in all KPC isolates.
Conclusion: This study shows that VRE and KPC colonization continues to be a serious threat in ICUs.
Keywords: Carbapenam resistant klebsiella pneumoniae; vancomycin-resistant enterococci; intensive care units.
Female adolescents and the future of female genital mutilation/cutting: a report from an endemic area
Authors: G Ezeoke Grace , S Adeniran Abiodun , T Adesina Kikelomo , A Fawole Adegboyega , A Ijaiya Munirdeen , O Olarinoye Adebunmi 
Published: December 2021

Background: Despite collaborative efforts aimed at its eradication, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) continuesin endemic areas.
Objective: To evaluate the experience and preparedness of female adolescents to protect their future daughters from FGM/C.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving adolescent secondary school girls in North Central Nigeria. Participants were secondary school students who completed the study’s self-administered questionnaire after informed parental or participant’s consent. Data management was with SPSS 20.0 (IBM, USA), P-value <0.05 was significant.
Results: There were 2000 participants aged 13-19 years (mean 15.56±1.75), prevalence of FGM/C was 35.0%, awareness was 86.1%, mutilation was performed between infancy and eight years of age (mean 3.85±3.24 years), 644(32.2%) desire to mutilatetheir future daughters, 722(36.1%) expressed support for FGM/C and 63.1% of victims of FM/C reported adverse post-mutilation experiences. Support for FGM/C was associated with low social class (P0.0010), opinion that FGM/C has benefit (P0.001) and desire to mutilate future daughters (P0.001) while awareness of efforts to eradicate FMG/C was 813(40.7%).
Conclusion: FGM/C remains prevalent with potential support for its continuation among female adolescents despite reported adverse post-mutilation experiences. The multi-pronged approach to eradicate FGM/C should prioritize re-orientation for adolescent girls, rehabilitation of mutilated girls and girl child formal education.
Keywords: Female genital mutilation/cutting; female circumcision, harmful traditional practices, adverse childhood experiences.
Sexual self-efficacy and its related factors among married women of reproductive age
Authors: Assarzadeh Rafat , Bostani Khalesi Zahra , Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari Fatemeh 
Published: December 2021

Sexual self-efficacy (SSE) has also been cited as an important factor for healthy and satisfying sex. The purpose of this study was to determine SSE and its related factors among married women of reproductive age.The present study is a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study. The research samples were 588 married women of reproductive age. A cluster sampling method is used to select participants. Data collection instruments were the socio-demographic form and the Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale-Female Functioning (SSES-F). Data analysis, Friedman, Multiple LinearRegression was performed through SPSS software version 16.
The highest and lowest score was related to body acceptance (77.78) and communication (69.66), respectively. The results showed that age (B= 0.471, P<0.001), marital satisfaction (B= 0.11.3, P<0.001), life satisfaction (B= 3.5, P<0.03) and the economic-social welfare satisfaction were related to SSE. We’ve found that Women with a higher Education, Employment, higher income, and Younger husbands had the highest SSE score.The components of age, marital satisfaction, life satisfaction, and economic status affect the SSE of married women of reproductive age. The results of this study can be useful in the design and implementation of sexual health promotion interventions.
Keywords: Efficacy; sexual behavior; women.