bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, crossover comparison of the effects of high fructose corn syrup versus sucrose intake on basic physiologic measures
Authors: Mouch Erica M , Walz Alyssa M , Tomaj Leonita , Carbone John W 
Published: June 2021

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has received growing attention and controversy in both popular and scientific media for its potential to differentially influence risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, relative to sucrose (SUC). To date, no studies have examined the effects of acute ingestion of HFCS versus SUC on basic physiologic measures. The current study compared the effects of acute HFCS and SUC intake on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), body temperature (BT) and blood glucose (BG) levels. Thirteen healthy, fasted men (n=3) and women (n=10) participated in a crossover design study, consuming caffeine‐free carbonated beverages (355mL) sweetened with either HFCS (37g) or SUC (37g) on separate days. BP, BT, HR, and BG were measured at baseline and 5min, 30min and 120min post‐consumption. A sweetener‐by‐time interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for HR, with mean 30min measures higher for HFCS (72 ± 3bpm) relative to SUC (65 ± 3bpm). Regardless of sweetener, BG was higher at 5min and 30min compared to baseline and 120min (P < 0.001); BT was lower at 5min compared to all other timepoints (P < 0.001). These data suggest the potential for a differential influence of sweetener type on HR and illustrate the effect of nutritive sweetener ingestion on BG and BT. Further study is warranted to establish the mechanistic basis for the observed effects.Supported by EMU URSP
Meal consisting of egg white protein yields higher satiety than an isocaloric wheat gluten protein meal
Authors: Du Kristy , Adams Sarah , Lee Beverly J. 
Published: June 2021

Satiety is a primary factor influencing total food intake and high protein diets may produce greater satiation. We examined whether the composition of “breakfast” (BF), the first meal following an overnight fast, influenced the timing and size of a subsequent meal. Young‐adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=24) were entrained to a meal‐feeding schedule which included an overnight fast (no food during light period and first hour of dark cycle) before being provided BF. For BF, rats were allowed 30 minutes to consume 20% of average daily intake of one of three isocaloric diets. The basal diet was 60:20:20 (carbohydrate:protein:fat, as a % calories) with protein being provided equally by egg white protein (EW) and wheat gluten protein (WG). The two remaining diets were 45:35:20 with protein provided by either EW or WG. In the first study, rats had access to basal diet 15 min after BF. Rats fed WG consumed more (p<0.01) than rats fed either basal or EW (6.8 ± 1.0 vs 4.8 ± 0.6 and 2.9 ± 0.4, respectively). In study two, to test for dietary preference, rats were randomly assigned to freely choose between two of the three diets for 90 min immediate following BF. The study was repeated until all rats experienced all 3 diet pairings. Across all choices, rats fed WG consumed more (p<0.01) than basal‐fed rats (6.3 ± 0.6 vs 4.7 ± 0.3) while EW‐fed rats consumed less (p<0.05; 3.2 ± 0.3). Animals consumed less (P < 0.01) of the EW diet regardless of breakfast type. These results indicate that the satiation from high protein diets is dependent upon the protein source. Egg white protein was more satiating than wheat gluten.Grant Funding Source: NIH and various donors
The impact of a protein‐rich breakfast on food cravings and reward in overweight/obese ‘breakfast skipping’ adolescent girls
Authors: Ortinau Laura C. , Hoertel Heather A. , Douglas Steve M. , Leidy Heather J 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo assess whether the addition of a high‐protein (HP) or normal‐protein (NP) breakfast alters food cravings and signals controlling food reward in breakfast skipping (BS) girls.MethodsUsing a randomized crossover design, 20 BS girls (age 19±1y; BMI 28.6±0.7kg/m2) where acclimated to each breakfast pattern for 6 days. On day 7, a 4‐h testing day was completed including the consumption of breakfast followed by repeated assessments of food cravings and blood sampling for plasma concentrations of the dopamine metabolite, homovanilic acid (HVA).ResultsBreakfast reduced sweet and savory cravings vs. BS (all, p<0.05). Although no differences in sweet cravings were observed between breakfast meals, HP lead to greater reduction in savory cravings vs. NP (p<0.05). Plasma HVA concentrations were greater following both breakfast meals vs. BS (both, p<0.05), with HP exhibiting sustained increases prior to lunch vs. NP (p=0.09). HVA concentrations were correlated with perceived fullness, breakfast palatability, and protein content at breakfast.ConclusionThese data suggest that the daily addition of a protein‐rich breakfast, containing 35g of protein, alters signals associated with food motivation and reward, and might be a beneficial strategy to combat the modern food environment in young people.Grant Funding Source: The Beef Checkoff; Egg Nutrition Center; Margaret Flynn
Methylmalonic acid concentration in dried blood spots – validation of a novel method for vitamin B12 status assessment
Authors: Schroder Theresa H. , Quay Teo A. W. , Lamers Yvonne 
Published: June 2021

Marginal vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and cognitive decline. About 10 % of the US population and 25 % of the Canadian population show inadequate B12 status. Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is a functional biomarker for B12 status and a sensitive indicator for marginal B12 deficiency. To date, MMA concentrations are measured in plasma samples obtained from venipuncture. Dried blood spots (DBS) allow non‐invasive, simple collection of biological samples with no need of immediate processing or special storage.The goal of this study was to establish an analytical method for quantification of MMA in DBS and to validate its application for B12 status assessment. Using liquid chromatography ‐ tandem mass spectrometry, we developed a simple, low‐cost assay that shows high imprecision (CV < 1.2 %) and good recovery (95 %). In 73 healthy female subjects (19 – 30 y), mean (± SD) concentrations of plasma MMA and DBS MMA were 163 ± 65 nmol/L (74 – 458 nmol/L) and 36.4 ± 11 pmol/DBS, respectively. There was a strong correlation between plasma and DBS MMA concentrations (R = 0.90 P < 0.001).This novel method was shown to be sensitive, reliable, and convenient. MMA analysis in DBS has the potential to be a more practical alternative for B12 screening and to facilitate B12 status assessment in large‐scale population‐based surveys and in populations living in less accessible areas.Grant Funding Source: ‘FNH Vitamin Research Fund’ University of British Columbia
Regulation of genes involved intestinal cholesterol metabolism by polyphenol‐rich black currant extract in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Kim Bohkyung , Perkins Alyssa , Lee Jiyoung 
Published: June 2021

We investigated the effect of blackcurrant extract (BCE) containing 25% polyphenols on the regulation of genes involved in intestinal cholesterol metabolism with a specific focus on transintestinal cholesterol efflux (TICE). As TICE provides a non‐biliary route for cholesterol excretion, TICE activation can lower plasma cholesterol levels. Caco‐2 cells, a human intestinal cell line, were incubated with BCE (50 or 100 μg/mL) for 24 h for gene expression analysis. BCE significantly decreased the expression of genes for cholesterol synthesis (3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2), for apical cholesterol uptake (Niemann‐Pick C1 Like 1), and for basolateral cholesterol efflux (ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1). Decreases in the protein levels of these genes were confirmed by Western blot analysis. In contrast, BCE significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of ABCG5/G8, which facilitate apical cholesterol efflux to the intestinal lumen. Furthermore, BCE markedly increased protein levels of LDL receptor. Our data suggest that BCE may activate TICE pathway by increasing LDL uptake into enterocytes and by facilitating the efflux of LDL‐derived cholesterol to the luminal side via increased ABCG5/G8 expression in the intestine.Grant Funding Source: College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at UCONN and National Research Foundation of Korea
Effect of rosemary supplementation on oxidative stress after myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Rafacho Bruna Paola Murino , dos Santos Priscila Portugal , de Freitas Gonçalves Andrea , Candido Renata , Fernandes Ana Angélica Henrique , Schmidt Paula Azevedo , Zornoff Leonardo Antonio Mamede , Campana Álvaro Oscar , Minicucci Marcos Ferreira , Paiva Sergio Alberto Rupp 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the influence of rosemary (R) consumption on cardiac oxidative stress after myocardial infarction (MI).MaterialMale Wistar rats weighing 200g were allocated into 6 groups: 1) Sham group fed standard chow (SA0, n = 6); 2) sham group fed standard chow supplemented with 0.02% of dried R (diet 1) (SA1, n = 6); 3) sham group fed standard chow supplemented with 0.2% of dried R (diet 2) (SA2, n = 6); 4) MI rats fed standard chow (IA0, n = 6); 5) MI rats fed diet 1 (IA1, n = 6); 6) MI rats fed diet 2 (IA2, n = 6). After three months of treatment, heart tissue was collected and tested for lipid hydroperoxide (LH) and antioxidant enzymes catalase, gluthatione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Nrf2 expression. Comparisons were made by two‐way ANOVA test and post‐test of Holm‐Sidak. Values were presented as mean ± standard error.ResultsMI rats showed higher cardiac levels of LH and SOD than Sham rats. Rosemary supplementation reduced LH with diet 2 and SOD with both doses. No differences were observed for catalase, GPx and Nrf2.ConclusionChow supplementation with rosemary reduced oxidative stress after myocardial infarction. Financial support: FAPESP.
Comparison and purification of grape pomace extracts for inhibition of intestinal α‐glucosidases
Authors: Kadouh Hoda C. , Sun Shi , Zhou Kequan 
Published: June 2021

Alpha‐glucosidases play a major role in controlling starch digestion and therefore postprandial blood glucose, a target for diabetes management. This study aims to prepare and purify active components in grape pomace extract that inhibit intestinal α‐glucosidases. Chambourcin, Merlot, Norton, Petit Verdot, Syrah and Tinta Cão red wine grape pomaces were extracted with 50% acetone and evaluated for rat intestinal α‐glucosidase (25 mg/ml) inhibiting activity. The most potent variety was partitioned into water, butanol and ethyl acetate extracts which were also assayed. The active extract was fractionated via four open column chromatography techniques (C18 and Silica, different eluents) and the retained fractions were tested. At 0.5 mg/ml, Tinta Cão pomace extract was the strongest inhibitor of α‐glucosidase complex (95.34% inhibition, compared to 7.41–88.49%), with its ethyl acetate fraction being the most effective (68.14% inhibition, compared to 9.4–53.4%). Water‐eluted fractions of the preparatory and regular Silica columns outweighed the standard (Acarbose 50 ug/ml, 50% inhibition) at 59.24% and 56.12% inhibition, respectively. Results were significant, suggesting that a potent inhibitor of intestinal α‐glucosidases can be isolated from Tinta Cão grapes for the potential development of a novel antihyperglycemic dietary supplement, following further investigations.Grant Funding Source: Wayne State University
Infant Feding and Morbidity in African HIV‐1‐exposed Uninfected Infants: the Kesho Bora Study
Authors: Bork Kirsten , Cournil Amandine , Cames Cécile 
Published: June 2021

This analysis assessed morbidity risks associated with feeding mode in HIV‐1‐exposed uninfected African infants for two age periods (0–3 and 3–6 mo). HIV‐1‐infected women from 5 sites in Burkina Faso, Kenya and South Africa were enrolled during pregnancy and counselled to either breastfeed (BF) exclusively and wean before six mo postpartum or formula‐feed from birth. Infant morbidity was defined in two distinct ways, as ‘trivial’ (i.e. mother‐reported fever, diarrhea, or vomiting since the preceding clinic visit) or as ‘SAE’ (i.e. selected clinical serious adverse events: gastroenteritis, lower respiratory infections, severe malnutrition or death). The analysis (n= 982) was conducted using multiple piecewise exponential regression with adjustment for study site, maternal CD4 cell count at enrollment and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (CTX). Feeding mode and CTX were time‐dependent variables, defined monthly. Not BF (i.e. never BF or weaned) was associated with increased risks of ‘trivial’ morbidity from 0–3 mo [HR=1.3 (95% CI: 1.1–1.6), P<0.001] but not from 3–6 mo [1.1(0.8–1.5)], and with increased risks of SAE at 0–3 [5.6 (2.9–11.6), P<0.001] and 3–6 mo [2.9 (1.4–5.8), P<0.01]. Partial or predominant BF modes were not associated with significantly increased risks, as compared to exclusive mode. BF prevents serious morbidity and fatal outcomes in African infants up till 6 months.Funding: ANRS, WHO, EDCTP.
Why does Human Milk Fortification (HMF) increase Urinary F2‐Isoprostanes in the Premature Infant?
Authors: Friel James , Diehl‐Jones Bill , Cai Chenxi , Hossein Zakir , Kim Jongsoo 
Published: June 2021

Human milk fortifiers (HMF) are routinely added to mother's milk (HM) for premature infant to make up for potential nutritional deficiencies. We reported data on 65 premature infants (birth weight < 1500 g) who were either fed HM with varying levels of HMF or formula (F) while they were in hospital receiving oral feeds. A significant increase (P<0.05) in urine_F2‐isoprostanes was found as HMF supplementation increased (Pediatr Res. 2011 Feb; 69(2): 160–4). Subsequently we used an in vitro model of Caco‐2 cells with HMF and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) known to induce inflammation in vivo. When paired with HMF, there was a significant increase in IL‐6 secretion above that of LPS alone. A sample of breast milk from our study supplemented with HMF (>; 50%) generated higher levels of intracellular oxidation in intestinal cells, as indicated by the redox‐sensitive dye Dichlorofluorescein (DCF). Furthermore we now have data from DNA Microarray experiments that, in intestinal cells, HMF significantly up regulates a battery of antioxidant response element (ARE)‐driven genes. Additionally, we have pilot data from fetal intestinal cells (FHS) exposed to either human milk (HM) or HM + HMF). Briefly, enterocyte cell cultures were exposed to digested HM +/− HMF. Following 24 hours recovery, RNA was collected, prepared for qRT‐PCR as per the SABiosciences RT2 ProfilerTM array, which screens for cytokines, chemokines, toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and linkers. Of note is the significant up‐regulation of several interleukins (IL1A, IL6, IL10, IL18) or IL18 receptor accessory protein (IL18RAP), and TLR4. Furthermore, an integrin gene (ITGB2) was significantly down‐regulated, which has implications for intestinal barrier function. This data suggests that some HMFs as constituted induce oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.Supported by CIHR and MICH.
Effects of Antenatal Micronutrient Supplementation on Plasma Protein Profiles in Nepalese Children
Authors: Lee Sun Eun , West Keith P. , Cole Robert N. , Ruczinski Ingo , Schulze Kerry , Yager James D. , Groopman John , Christian Parul 
Published: June 2021

Antenatal multiple micronutrient (MN) supplementation in malnourished settings may favor a healthy phenotype in offspring, but mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Plasma proteomics may offer a way to reveal long‐term metabolic effects of early MN exposure. We are applying quantitative mass spectrometry to explore differences in plasma protein abundance in 500 Nepalese children 6–8 yr of age born to mothers who were randomized (100 each) to receive daily supplements of folic acid (FA), iron+FA (IFA), IFA+zinc (IFAZ), multiple MNs, or placebo from 1st trimester to 6 wk postpartum. All tablets also contained vitamin A. Among ~980 plasma proteins measured in ≥ 10% of children, preliminary analysis reveals 9, 10, 8 and 14 proteins were differentially abundant in the FA, IFA, IFAZ and multiple MN vs. control group (all p< 0.01). So far, insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 5, ATP‐binding cassette sub‐family A, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 are differentially abundant from controls in 2 nutrient groups. Insulin‐like growth factor 1 was highly abundant in FA, IFAZ, and multiple MNs compared to placebo. Early life micronutrient exposure may influence early childhood plasma protein profiles by presumably interacting with genes regulating growth and development. Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grants GH5241 and GH614).Grant Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
The Effect of Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Soy Protein Isolate Supplementation on Kidney Function in Female Polycystic Kidney Diseased Rats
Authors: Maditz Kaitlin Hope , Mock Kaitlin , Knecht Adam , Nanda Nainika , Oldaker Christopher , Tou Janet 
Published: June 2021

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by multiple cyst formation that increases renal size, structural damage, and loss of function. Studies showed soy protein isolate (SPI) protective against chronic kidney disease and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) decrease inflammation. Few studies have examined the role of diet in PKD. The study objective was to investigate whether SPI and/or n‐3 PUFA supplementation attenuates PKD progression. Young (age 28 d) female pck rats were randomly assigned (n=12/group) to diets consisting of casein + corn oil (Casein + CO), casein + soybean oil (casein + SO), SPI + soybean oil (SPI + SO) or SPI + 1:1 soybean/salmon oil (SPI + BLEND) for 12‐weeks. Kidney weights were highest in the SPI + BLEND group. Histology showed interstitial inflammation, fibrotic changes, interstitial matrix deposition, and structural effacement due to cyst growth in all groups. Cortical cyst obstruction indicating more extensive nephron damage was only observed in the SPI + BLEND group. The SPI +BLEND group had the highest (11.78 + 0.60 mg/dL, P=0.01) and Casein + SO group the lowest (9.28 + 0.81, P=0.01) serum blood urea nitrogen. Urinary calcium and phosphorus was higher in the casein than SPI groups. There were no significant differences in serum calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, total protein or albumin. Based on the results, diet did not attenuate PKD progression.Grant Funding Source: WVU Hatch Grant H459
Cardiomyocytes hypertrophy in vitro are induced by TLR2 and TLR4 agonists through NF‐kB pathway
Authors: Silva Fernanda Gaisler , Ramos Marcela Sorelli Carneiro 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionToll Like receptors, a class of specific proteins involved in innate immune activation, exert innumerous effects in a vast number of tissues and organs, including cardiac trophism modulation. The objective of this study is to evaluate TLR2 and TLR4 agonists effect in hypertrophy cardiomyocytes in vitro and the role of NF‐kB pathway.MethodsPrimary cardiomyocytes cultures were prepared from neonatal Wistar rats by collagenase/pancreatin method. Cardiomyocytes were treated for 24h with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and Zymozan (TLR2 agonist). Gene expression analyzes: ANF, Alpha‐actin, TLR2, TLR4, MyD88 and NF‐kB were evaluated by Real‐time PCR. Protein expression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88 and NF‐kB were evaluated by Western Blotting. Results were expressed as mean±SD and p<0.05 and p<0.01.ResultsLPS and Zym promoted an increase on ANF and alpha‐actin expression, both cardiomyocytes hipertrophy markers. The MyD88 mRNA levels increased after both LPS and Zym treatments and protein levels increased after Zym treatment. NF‐kB mRNA and protein levels increased after both treatments. These results suggest an important role for TLRs and NF‐kB pathway in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro.Financial support: FAPESP.
Reduced BDNF attenuates inflammation and angiogenesis to improve survival and cardiac function following myocardial infarction in mice
Authors: Halade Ganesh V , Ma Yonggang , Ramirez Trevi R. , Zhang Jianhua , Dai Qiuxia , Hensler Julie G. , Lopez Elizabeth F , Ghasemi Omid , Jin Yu‐Fang , Lindsey Merry L. 
Published: June 2021

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increases in failing hearts, but BDNF roles in cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) are unclear. Male BDNF+/+ (wild type, WT) and BDNF+/− heterozygous (HET) mice at 6–9 months of age were subjected to MI and evaluated at day (d) 1, 3, 5, 7, or 28 post‐ MI. At d28 post‐MI, 76% of HET vs. 40% of WT mice survived, while fractional shortening was improved and neovascularization levels were reduced in the HET (all p<0.05). At d1 post‐MI, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) increased in WT, but not in HET. Concomitantly, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 and ‐5 levels increased and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A decreased in HET. Neutrophil infiltration peaked at d1–3 in WT mice, and this increase was blunted in HET. To determine if MPO administration could rescue the HET phenotype, MPO was injected at 3h post‐MI. MPO restored VEGF‐A levels without altering MMP‐9 or neutrophil content. In conclusion, reduced BDNF levels modulated the early inflammatory and neovascularization responses, leading to improved survival and reduced cardiac remodeling at d28 post‐MI. Thus, reduced BDNF attenuates early inflammation following MI by modulating MPO and angiogenic response through VEGF‐A.Funding support: GVH: NIH‐1K99AT006704–01, YFJ: NIH EB009496 and 1SC2 HL101430, MLL: NIH/NHLBI HHSN 268201000036C (N01‐HV‐00244), R01 HL075360, the Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Fund, and the Veteran's Administration.
Influence of late exercise training on myostatin and follistatin expression in soleus muscle of rats with chronic heart failure
Authors: Guizoni Daniele Mendes , Junior Silvio Assis Oliveira , Martinez Paula Felippe , Lima Aline Regina Ruiz , Bonomo Camila , Damatto Ricardo Luiz , Cezar Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano , Pagan Luana Urbano , Zornoff Leonardo Antonio Mamede , Okoshi Katashi , Okoshi Marina Politi 
Published: June 2021

In this study we evaluated effects of late exercise training on myostatin and follistatin expression in soleus muscle of rats with myocardial infarction (MI)‐induced heart failure. Three months after coronary occlusion, rats were assigned to four groups: Sham sedentary (Sh‐Sd, n=12), Sham exercised (Sh‐Ex, n=12), MI sedentary (MI‐Sd, n=11), and MI exercised (MI‐Ex, n=10). Physical training was performed on treadmill, 40 min/day, 5 days/week, 16 m/min for 12 weeks. Left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated by echocardiogram. Infarct size and soleus fiber cross‐sectional area were evaluated in histological sections. Myostatin and follistatin protein levels were assessed by Western blot.Statistical analysesANOVA and Bonferroni. MI size did not differ between MI groups (p>;0.05; t test). LV fractional area change was higher in MI‐Ex than MI‐Sd (Sh‐Sd 70.1±6.4; Sh‐Ex 70.0±5.7; MI‐Sd 22.8±7.9; MI‐Ex 29.7±5.5%). Myostatin levels were lower in MI‐Sd than both Sh‐Sd and MI‐Ex (Sh‐Sd 1.00±0.35; Sh‐Ex 1.02±0.37; MI‐Sd 0.66±0.18; IM‐Ex 1.17±0.48 arbitrary units). Follistatin levels and cross‐sectional area did not differ between groups. In conclusion, late exercise training increases frequency of skeletal fibers splitting and prevents myostatin expression change in soleus muscle of infarcted rats. Research support: FAPESP.