bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living Like the Azazel Goat in Romans 12:1b
Authors: Kiuchi Nobuyoshi 
Published: October 2021

Among the three epithets to ‘sacrifice’ in Romans 12:1b (‘living’, ‘holy’, and ‘acceptable to God’), ‘living’ does not appear to derive from Old Testament rituals. Thus, the term is commonly thought to apply only to the New Testament believer. However, such a conclusion is syntactically and semantically awkward because the other two epithets clearly have Old Testament ritual as their background. Moreover, the Old Testament does know of a ‘living’ sacrifice. This study argues that these three epithets allude to a literal Old Testament (Levitical) ritual so as to portray the Christian life in a general way. Two interpretive assumptions are refuted. The first is that the spiritual dimension of the sacrifice in Romans 12:1 is absent in the sacrificial rituals of the Old Testament. The second pertains to what is meant by the phrase ‘spiritual life’. Though it is commonly thought that ‘spiritual life’ is a New Testament concept, the Old Testament sacrificial system is also concerned with the offerer’s spiritual life. It is shown that the difference between the Old Testament and New Testament concepts (cf. Rom. 12:1b) is the way in which the believer becomes the sacrifice in the latter. Thus it seems reasonable to think that the ‘living sacrifice’ of Romans 12:1b may have an Old Testament precedent. This study argues that its literal counterpart is the ritual for the Azazel-goat, the prescribed means for making atonement for the whole people in Leviticus 16. Reading ‘living sacrifice’ from this perspective suggests that Paul was encouraging believers to live like an Azazel-goat, suffering for others by the power of the Holy Spirit.
Did God Create Chaos? Unresolved Tension in Genesis 1:1-2
Authors: Routledge Robin 
Published: October 2021

OT writers appear to use imagery found in other Ancient Near Eastern texts and portray creation as God’s victory over, and transformation of, ‘chaos’. This is sometimes associated with the expression תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ (tohu wabohu), translated ‘formless and empty’, in Genesis 1:2 (NIV). Recent interpretations of Genesis 1:1-2 imply that this chaos existed before God began his creative work. A more traditional view is that Genesis 1:1 implies that the cosmos was created out of nothing. This paper argues that Genesis 1 does point to God as the originator of all things, and also to creation as an ordering of chaos, with little attempt to resolve that tension. More important is the theological significance of holding these ideas side by side. One points to the transcendence, power and pre-existence of God. The other understands creation as a process, in which chaos, not unbeing, is the opposite of creation. This allows the possibility that chaos may return as a result of human sin (e.g. in the flood), and that new life and hope may be brought to desperate situations such as the exile (also portrayed as a return to chaos—e.g. in Jeremiah 4:23).
Editio Critica Maior: An Introduction and Assessment.
Authors: Head Peter M. 
Published: October 2021

A review article on: Novum Testamentum Graecum: Editio Critica Maior Vol. IV Catholic Letters (ed. by Barbara Aland, Kurt Aland†, Gerd Mink, Holger Strutwolf, and Klaus Wachtel); Instl. 1: James, Pt. 1. Text, Pt. 2. Supplementary Material (Stuttgart 1997; 2nd rev. impr., Stuttgart 1998); Instl. 2: The Letters of Peter, Pt. 1. Text, Pt. 2. Supplementary Material (Stuttgart 2000); Instl. 3: The First Letter of John, Pt. 1. Text, Pt. 2. Supplementary Material (Stuttgart 2003); Instl. 4: The Second and Third Letter of John. The Letter of Jude, Pt. 1. Text, Pt. 2. Supplementary Material (Stuttgart 2005).
Getting Romans to the Right Romans: Phoebe and the Delivery of Paul’s Letter
Authors: Chapple Allan 
Published: October 2021

How did Romans reach the people for whom it was intended? There is widespread agreement that Phoebe was the bearer of the letter (Rom. 16:1-2), but little investigation of or agreement about the exact nature of her responsibilities. By exploring the data available to us, especially that found in Romans 16, this essay provides a reconstruction of the events surrounding the transport and delivery of the letter to the Roman Christians. In particular, it proposes the following: · Phoebe conveyed the letter to Rome, probably by sea; · the church in Rome at this time consisted of house-churches; · Phoebe was to deliver the letter first to Prisca and Aquila and their house-church; · Prisca and Aquila were to convene an assembly of the whole Christian community, the first for some time, at which Romans was to be received and read; · Prisca and Aquila were to be asked to arrange for copies of Romans to be made; · Phoebe was to deliver these copies to other house-churches; and Phoebe was to read Romans in the way that Paul had coached her at each of the gatherings to which she took it.
Praying to the Holy Spirit in Early Christianity
Authors: Paschke Boris 
Published: October 2021

This article studies praying to the Holy Spirit in early Christianity of the first three centuries AD. The relevant primary sources are presented and interpreted. While the New Testament remains silent on the topic, some early Christian texts from the Second and Third Centuries AD (i.e. writings of Tertullian and Origen as well as the Acts of John and Acts of Thomas) testify that the idea and practice of addressing the Holy Spirit in prayer (either alone or together with Jesus Christ) existed in early Christianity. However, the paucity of express early Christian quotations of or references to prayers to the Holy Spirit suggests that praying to the Holy Spirit was not widespread but rather remained an exception in early Christianity.
Investissement, anticipation, planification : la politique temporelle des activités extractives
Authors: Laurent1 Brice , Merlin2 Julien 
Published: October 2021

Comme dans de nombreux domaines technologiques et industriels, l’exploration et l’exploitation minières s’appuient sur des instruments censés prévoir et organiser les développements futurs et leurs conséquences. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à trois formes de mobilisation du futur dans le cadre de ces activités et de leurs contestations : 1) l’investissement, caractérisé par le calcul des profits futurs et la place centrale accordée aux risques susceptibles de les remettre en cause ; 2) l’anticipation, qui associe l’activité extractive à des considérations plus larges susceptibles de faire émerger des questionnements nouveaux et une autre définition des risques ; 3) la planification, qui consiste à organiser l’activité minière en fonction d’objectifs à atteindre, tels que le développement territorial, par exemple. En se fondant sur plusieurs terrains (France métropolitaine, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Guyane), cet article propose de montrer qu’une analyse des formes de mobilisation du futur permet de repenser le problème bien connu des relations entre les entreprises minières, l’environnement et les populations concernées.
Can Published Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Busulfan Be Used for Individualized Dosing in Chinese Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation? An External Evaluation
Authors: Huang Huiping , Liu Maobai , Ren Jinhua , Hu Jianda , Lin Shenglu , Li Dandan , Huang Weikun , Chen Shaozhen , Yang Ting , Wu Xuemei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBusulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent that is widely used before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. As of 2020, there is no population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model for busulfan in Chinese pediatric patients. A systemic external evaluation of 11 published popPK models was conducted in Chinese pediatric patients undergoing HSCT. Forty pediatric patients were enrolled in this study, with a total of 183 blood concentrations. The relative prediction error (PE%), median PE%, median absolute PE%, and percentage of PE% within ±20% and ±30% were calculated in prediction‐based diagnostics. Simulation‐based diagnostics were conducted through a prediction‐ and variability‐corrected visual predictive check and the normalized prediction distribution error. The relative individual prediction error was calculated using Bayesian forecasting with 1 to 3 concentration points. The 1‐compartment open linear popPK model, which was built by Su‐jin Rhee et al (model H), incorporating the patient's body surface area, age, dosing day, and aspartate aminotransferase as significant covariates had preferable predictability than other popPK models. In prediction‐based diagnostics, the median PE%, percentage of PE% within ±20%, and percentage of PE% within ±30% of model H were 8.48%, 45.35%, and 59.56%, respectively. The normalized prediction distribution error of model H showed that it followed the normal distribution. Based on Bayesian forecasting, model H showed good predictive performance. Thus, model H was the most appropriate model that can be used clinically for individualized dosage adjustments in Chinese pediatric HSCT patients.
Perceptions of open‐source software developers on collaborations: An interview and survey study
Authors: Constantino Kattiana , Souza Mauricio , Zhou Shurui , Figueiredo Eduardo , Kästner Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the emergence of social coding platforms, collaboration has become a key and dynamic aspect to the success of software projects. In such platforms, developers have to collaborate and deal with issues of collaboration in open‐source software development. Although collaboration is challenging, collaborative development produces better software systems than any developer could produce alone. Several approaches have investigated collaboration challenges, for instance, by proposing or evaluating models and tools to support collaborative work. Despite the undeniable importance of the existing efforts in this direction, there are few works on collaboration from perspectives of developers. In this work, we aim to investigate the perceptions of open‐source software developers on collaborations, such as motivations, techniques, and tools to support global, productive, and collaborative development. Following an ad hoc literature review, an exploratory interview study with 12 open‐source software developers fromGitHub, our novel approach for this problem also relies on an extensive survey with 121 developers to confirm or refute the interview results. We found different collaborative contributions, such as managing change requests. Besides, we observed that most collaborators prefer to collaborate with the core team instead of their peers. We also found that most collaboration happens in software development (60%) and maintenance (47%) tasks. Furthermore, despite personal preferences to work independently, developers still consider collaborating with others in specific task categories, for instance, software development. Finally, developers also expressed the importance of the social coding platforms, such asGitHub, to support maintainers, and contributors in making decisions and developing tasks of the projects. Therefore, these findings may help project leaders optimize the collaborations among developers and reduce entry barriers. Moreover, these findings may support the project collaborators in understanding the collaboration process and engaging others in the project.
Introducing Well-being Data
Authors: Oman Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWell-being data are often our data, in that they are personal data about us—and their collection requires our time and consideration. We are increasingly aware of data’s role in our everyday lives, yet we lack a shared understanding of data and well-being and how they are linked. This chapter illustrates that data don’t just represent society, but they actually change society, culture and our values in ways we cannot see. This chapter discusses who the book is for, what it is trying to do, how the book should be used, its structure and key arguments. Data collection and uses are value-laden exercises and this chapter guides the reader on how this book can help them judge what well-being data mean for them.
Discovering ‘the New Science of Happiness’ and Subjective Well-being
Authors: Oman Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ‘new science of happiness’ was not really discovered, but was a coming together of people, publications, projects, politicians, agencies and disciplines around the turn of the twenty-first century. This moment foregrounded the issue of how people feel (subjective well-being), changing how this is understood and measured, driving the ‘second wave’ of well-being. This chapter reviews these interlinked histories to contextualise the ‘new’ well-being data. It presents definitions, theories and methods to help understand what went on behind the scenes and under the bonnet of these data practices. We look at the establishment of the UK’s subjective well-being measures and address the question of what subjective well-being can do that differs from previous well-being measures.
Life Cycle Assessment Benchmark for Wooden Buildings in Europe
Authors: Schau Erwin M. , Niemelä Eva Prelovšek , Niemelä Aarne Johannes , Alencar Gavric Tatiana Abaurre , Šušteršič Iztok 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate change and other environmental problems from the production of raw materials, construction, and end of life of buildings are serious concerns that need to be solved urgently. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and the EU-recommended Environmental Footprint (EF) are well-known and accepted tools to measure a comprehensive set of environmental impacts throughout a product’s life cycle. But to assess how good (or bad) a wooden building performs environmentally is still a challenge. In the EU Environmental Footprint [11] pilot phase from 2013 to 2018, an average benchmark for the different product groups was found to be very useful. Based upon the recommendations for a benchmark of all kinds of European dwellings, we developed a scenario of a typical European wooden building. The EU Environmental Footprint method covers 16 recommended impact categories and can be normalized and weighted into one single point for easy and quick comparisons. The results are presented as the average impact per one square meter (m2) of floor area over 1 year. The developed benchmark for wooden buildings is a suitable comparison point for new wooden building designs. The benchmark can be used by architects and designers early in the planning stages when changes can still be made to improve the environmental performance of wooden buildings or the communication and interpretation of LCA results for customers and other stakeholders.
Enhancing Social-Environmental-Economical Systemic Vision: Applying OLCA in a NGO
Authors: Gil-Valle José Manuel , Chargoy-Amador Juan Pablo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEmmaüs International a non-governmental organization (NGO) in the social and environmental sector had practiced, since its foundation – now more than 60 years – the recuperation of objects that others consider as waste. This activity had allowed collecting the funds to help the needy giving them the means to find their dignity that society had taken. Nowadays, the modes had changed, and these recovery activities had made of Emmaüs movement a well-known actor against the non-controlled waste “an environmental actor” working in the reuse and recycling. Given its environmental focus, Emmaüs has interest in assessing the environmental impacts of its own activities throughout the whole value chain. Therefore, an organizational life cycle assessment (O-LCA) study had been conducted as a test in one Emmaüs community. The study was realized in the framework of the road testing of the UNEP/SETAC Guidance on Organizational Life Cycle Assessment. It is important to mention that the avoided burdens assessment is not part of the O-LCA method.
Dynamic and Localized LCA Information Supports the Transition of Complex Systems to a More Sustainable Manner Such as Energy and Transport Systems
Authors: Jaeger Florian Ansgar , Sonntag Cornelia , Hartung Jörn , Müller Katrin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe paper gives a snapshot of the potential of LCA (life cycle assessment) data-based optimizations in control systems. The environmental burden of existing infrastructure can be significantly reduced during use phase. Four Siemens’ applications in different fields with different lead indicators show how LCA assessments can be adapted to fulfil the requirements of such applications. The applications are power and air quality management use cases in the field of eMobility, building management, industrial process control and traffic management. The main methodological challenge solved is the provision of the necessary temporal and special resolution, as well as forecasting of parameters for scheduling of processes.
Epilogue: This Educator’s Credo
Authors: Chazan Barry 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe virtue of analytic philosophy of education is its contribution to clarifying the descriptive meanings of important words, terms, and concepts related to education. The limitation of analytic philosophy of education is that it does not take a stand, advocate beliefs, or inspire educators as to what education might be. This chapter presents the personal beliefs and credo of one analytic educational philosopher about the potential of education to make our world a better place.
Knockdown of vitamin D receptor genes impairs touch-evoked escape behavior in zebrafish
Authors: Kwon Hye-Joo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVitamin D is a steroid hormone well-known for its role in calcium homeostasis and bone health. Biological actions of vitamin D are mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) present in various cells and tissues. Vitamin D has been implicated in multiple aspects of neuromuscular functions. This study aimed to investigate the role of VDR signaling during early stage of locomotor development utilizing a gene knockdown approach. Zebrafish larvae deficient in VDR showed severe motor impairment and no obvious response to touch. These results indicate that VDR signaling is indispensable for the correct neuromuscular development and touch-evoked escape swimming behavior in zebrafish.
Farm typology for planning targeted farming systems interventions for smallholders in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
Authors: Kaur Jashanjot , Prusty A. K. , Ravisankar N. , Panwar A. S. , Shamim M. , Walia S. S. , Chatterjee S. , Pasha M. L. , Babu Subhash , Jat M. L. , López-Ridaura Santiago , Groot Jeroen C. J. , Toorop Roos Adelhart , Barba-Escoto Luis , Noopur Kohima , Kashyap Poonam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to complexity of smallholder farms, many times technologies with great potential fail to achieve the desired impact in leveraging productivity and profitability of the farming community. In the Indo-Gangetic Plains there is an urgent need to understand the diversity of farm households, identifying the main drivers deciding their system thus, classifying them into homogenous groups. In the present study, the diversity of smallholder farms was assessed using crop, livestock and income related characteristics and associated farm mechanization. Using principal component analysis and cluster analysis for 252 farm households, 4 farm types were identified i.e. Type 1. Small Farm households with cereal-based cropping system and subsistence livestock (39%), Type 2. Small Farm households with diversified cropping system dominated by cereal and fodder crops with only cattle herd (9%), Type 3. Marginal Farm household with diversified cropping system dominated by cash crop and herd comprising of only cattle (39%), Type 4. Marginal Farm household with diversified cropping system dominated by cereal crops and herd dominated by small ruminants (12%). Based on the constraints identified for different components of farming systems, low-cost interventions were planned for each farm type. These interventions have resulted in 84.8–103.2 per cent increase in the income of the farm HH under study suggesting usefulness of typology-based intervention planning in increasing income of small farm holders.
Mortality and heart failure in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation. Impact of RV volumes and function by CMR
Authors: Hinojar Baydes R , Garcia-Martin A , Gonzalez-Gomez A , Monteagudo J M , Pascual-Izco M , Alonso-Salinas G , Rivas Garcia S , Fernandez-Mendez M A , Garcia De Vicente A , Zamorano J L , Fernandez-Golfin C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and objectives
Right ventricle (RV) dilatation and dysfunction are established criteria for intervention in patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR); however defined thresholds to support intervention are lacking. As a result the optimal timing for surgery in TR remains controversial and surgery is commonly undertaken at a late stage.

Purpose
To describe predictive cut-off values of RV size and function of poor prognosis in asymptomatic patients with significant TR.

Methods
Consecutive patients in stable clinical condition evaluated in the Heart Valve Clinic with significant TR (severe, massive or torrential TR) undergoing a Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) study were included. Conventional parameters of biventricular volume and function were assessed in all patients. A combined endpoint of hospital admission due to right heart failure and cardiovascular mortality was defined.

Results
75 patients were included in this study (age 75±8 years, 75% female, 91% functional TR). During a median follow-up of 3 years (IQR: 1.4–3.9 years), 39% of the patients (n=29) experienced the combined endpoint. After adjusting for age and LVEF in a multivariate Cox proportional model, RV-EDV and RVEF were independently associated with cardiovascular mortality and heart failure. Thresholds of RV-EDV ≥100 ml/m2, RV-ESV ≥40 ml/m2 and RVEF ≤58% held the best accuracy to predict outcomes (figure 1). Regression spline model for RVEF and outcomes are presented in the figure 2. They show that RV function negatively impacted event-free survival, with an increase in the HR spline function near the crossing value (red line, RVEF ≤58%). In multivariable analysis, following adjustment for age and LVEF, a value of RVEF ≤58% and RV-EDV ≥100 ml/m2, was associated with 2.29, and 3.91-fold increased risk of heart failure or cardiovascular death respectively (RVEF Hazard Ratio (HR): 2.29 [1.06–4.9], p=0.03, and RV-EDV HR: 3.91 [1.56–9.82], p=0.004).

Conclusion
RV size and function are crucial for determining optimal timing for TR intervention. For the first time, cut-off values of RV volume and function are defined in a cohort of consecutive patients based on outcome data. Proposed values provide a basis for prospective studies to establish definitive optimal surgical timing for severe TR.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1. ROC and Cox regressions analysisRegression spline curve