bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Information and Communication Technology and Social Networking Site Use on Older People’s Well-Being in Relation to Loneliness: Review of Experimental Studies
Authors: Casanova Georgia , Zaccaria Daniele , Rolandi Elena , Guaita Antonio 
Published: January 2021

Background
In the last decades, the relationship between social networking sites (SNSs) and older people’s loneliness is gaining specific relevance. Studies in this field are often based on qualitative methods to study in-depth self-perceived issues, including loneliness and well-being, or quantitative surveys to report the links between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and older people’s well-being or loneliness. However, these nonexperimental methods are unable to deeply analyze the causal relationship. Moreover, the research on older people’s SNS use is still scant, especially regarding its impact on health and well-being. In recent years, the existing review studies have separately focused their attention on loneliness and social isolation of older people or on the use of ICTs and SNSs in elderly populations without addressing the relationship between the former and the latter. This thorough qualitative review provides an analysis of research performed using an experimental or quasi-experimental design that investigates the causal effect of ICT and SNS use on elderly people’s well-being related to loneliness.

Objective
The aims of this review are to contrast and compare research designs (sampling and recruitment, evaluation tools, interventions) and the findings of these studies and highlight their limitations.

Methods
Using an approach that integrates the methodological framework for scoping studies and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews, we identified 11 articles that met our inclusion criteria. A thematic and content analysis was performed based on the ex post categorization of the data on the selected studies, and the data were summarized in tables.

Results
The analysis of the selected articles showed that: (1) ICT use is positively but weakly related to the different measures of older people’s well-being and loneliness, (2) overall, the studies under review lack a sound experimental design, (3) the main limitations of these studies lie in the lack of rigor in the sampling method and in the recruitment strategy.

Conclusions
The analysis of the reviewed studies confirms the existence of a beneficial effect of ICT use on the well-being of older people in terms of reduced loneliness. However, the causal relationship is often found to be weak. This review highlights the need to study these issues further with adequate methodological rigor.
Smartphone-Based Self-Reports of Depressive Symptoms Using the Remote Monitoring Application in Psychiatry (ReMAP): Interformat Validation Study
Authors: Goltermann Janik , Emden Daniel , Leehr Elisabeth Johanna , Dohm Katharina , Redlich Ronny , Dannlowski Udo , Hahn Tim , Opel Nils 
Published: January 2021

Background
Smartphone-based symptom monitoring has gained increased attention in psychiatric research as a cost-efficient tool for prospective and ecologically valid assessments based on participants’ self-reports. However, a meaningful interpretation of smartphone-based assessments requires knowledge about their psychometric properties, especially their validity.

Objective
The goal of this study is to systematically investigate the validity of smartphone-administered assessments of self-reported affective symptoms using the Remote Monitoring Application in Psychiatry (ReMAP).

Methods
The ReMAP app was distributed to 173 adult participants of ongoing, longitudinal psychiatric phenotyping studies, including healthy control participants, as well as patients with affective disorders and anxiety disorders; the mean age of the sample was 30.14 years (SD 11.92). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and single-item mood and sleep information were assessed via the ReMAP app and validated with non–smartphone-based BDI scores and clinician-rated depression severity using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).

Results
We found overall high comparability between smartphone-based and non–smartphone-based BDI scores (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.921; P<.001). Smartphone-based BDI scores further correlated with non–smartphone-based HDRS ratings of depression severity in a subsample (r=0.783; P<.001; n=51). Higher agreement between smartphone-based and non–smartphone-based assessments was found among affective disorder patients as compared to healthy controls and anxiety disorder patients. Highly comparable agreement between delivery formats was found across age and gender groups. Similarly, smartphone-based single-item self-ratings of mood correlated with BDI sum scores (r=–0.538; P<.001; n=168), while smartphone-based single-item sleep duration correlated with the sleep item of the BDI (r=–0.310; P<.001; n=166).

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that smartphone-based monitoring of depressive symptoms via the ReMAP app provides valid assessments of depressive symptomatology and, therefore, represents a useful tool for prospective digital phenotyping in affective disorder patients in clinical and research applications.
Zoonosis, epidemias y cambio climático
Authors: Rivero Weber Paulina 
Published: January 2021

Las epidemias han acompañado a la humanidad a lo largo de toda su historia y han recibido diversas explicaciones. En Grecia clásica se atribuían a los disgustos entre los dioses; el judeocristianismo las atribuyó a los pecados de la humanidad. Hoy la ciencia da explicaciones claras, pero la humanidad no actúa en consecuencia. El problema es que las pandemias son los únicos eventos que superan a las guerras en pérdidas y, de entre ellas, el 70 % se debe a zoonosis: eso indica que debemos relacionarnos de otra manera con los animales. Si a ello agregamos que nuestro trato hacia ellos ha tenido como consecuencia el aceleramiento del cambio climático, de todas nuestras obligaciones éticas, cambiar nuestra conducta para con los animales es la más urgente. Más allá de la compasión, urge un trato diferente para todos los seres sintientes.
From “Interested” to Showing Up: Investigating Digital Media’s Role in Montreal-Based LGBTQ Social Organizing
Authors: Krishnan Prakash , Duguay Stefanie 
Published: January 2021

Background This study investigates the role of digital media in LGBTQ social organizing through a textual and visual analysis of media produced by two Montréal-based event series: locally run open mic nights and dance parties hosted by an international company.
Analysis The authors’ analysis identified three influences of digital media: a) Facebook pages and linked materials framed boundaries of inclusion for physical gatherings; b) platforms and apps overlaid physical and digital instantiations of events; and c) platforms’ digital economies contributed to the precarity and risk associated with organizing and attending LGBTQ events.
Conclusions and implications The findings further demonstrate how geographic and social elements can be integrated into digital media to embed events within a local community. However, continued precarity and risk come with the use of digital media for grassroots LGBTQ social organizing. Additionally, commercial apps can gigify events without investing in local resources and people.
RÉSUMÉ
Contexte Cette étude examine le rôle des médias numériques dans l’animation socioculturelle chez les communautés LGBTQ au moyen d’analyses textuelles et visuelles des médias produits par deux séries d’événements à Montréal : une soirée de scène ouverte et des soirées dansantes animées par une compagnie internationale.
Analyse L’analyse des auteurs a identifié trois influences des médias numériques : a) les pages Facebook et les documents associés encadraient les limites de l’inclusion pour les rassemblements physiques; b) les plates-formes et les applications superposaient les instanciations physiques et numériques d’événements; c) les économies numériques des plateformes contribuaient à la précarité et au risques associés à l’organisation et à la participation à des événements LGBTQ.
Conclusions et implications Les résultats démontrent également comment des éléments géographiques et sociaux peuvent être intégrés aux médias numériques pour enraciner des événements au sein d’une communauté locale. Cependant, il existe toujours la précarité et des risques personelles inhérents à l’utilisation des médias numériques dans l’animation socioculturelle LGBTQ. De plus, les applications commerciales peuvent tirer profit des événements sans investir dans les ressources et les communautés locales.
Pemberdayaan Petani Sagu dalam Pembuatan Roti Prebiotik Antioksidan untuk Pencegahan Penyakit Virus Corona di Desa Tosale Kecamatan Banawa Selatan Kabupaten Donggala
Authors: Hutomo Gatot Siswo , Alam Nur , Rahim Abdul , Patrisia Fina Anjelina 
Published: January 2021

Pemanfaat tepung sagu untuk diolah secara industri belum dilakukan. Tanaman sagu mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi dengan hasil utama adalah pati sagu. Pati sagu dapat ditingkatkan kualitasnya dengan modifikasi heat moisture treatment (HMT) yang selanjutnya digunakan sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan roti yang ditambahkan ekstrak daun kayu manis sehingga diperoleh roti prebiotik antioksidan yang memiliki efek fungsional bagi kesehatan. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi anggota kelompok usaha mitra adalah terbatasnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan untuk mendapatkan pati sagu yang berkualitas dan cara pengolahan roti prebiotik antioksidan yang berefek fungsional. Program produk unggulan daerah (PPUD) ini telah dilaksanakan pada Kelompok tani Bina Sagu di Desa Tosale Kecamatan Banawa Selatan Kabupaten Donggala dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan pati sagu termodifikasi yang bisa dikomersialkan dan mendapatkan roti prebiotik antioksidan dari pati termodifikasi yang berefek fungsional bagi kesehatan. Target khusus dalam program PPUD Tahun Anggaran 2020 pada lokasi sasaran usaha mitra yaitu dapat mengaplikasikan modifikasi pati sagu secara HMT dan mengolahnya menjadi roti prebiotik antioksidan yang fungsional bagi pencegahan penyakit virus corona. Program kerja pengabdian meliputi penyuluhan, pelatihan, praktek dan pendampingan pada kegiatan yang telah disepakati dengan mitra diantaranya cara modifikasi pati sagu dan inovasi pembuatan roti prebiotik antioksidan dari pati termodifikasi yang berefek fungsional bagi kesehatan sampai proses pengemasan dan pelabelan untuk siap dikonsumsi atau dikomersialkan. Pembuatan roti prebiotik tersebut dengan melakukan substitusi sagu mencapai 25%. Program kerja lainnya adalah penyuluhan manajemen pengelolaan perkebunan sagu secara komprehensip yaitu implementasi tata kelola usaha dan penyusunan profil unit usaha berbasis manajemen
Program Kemitraan Masyarakat dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas dan Pendapatan Usahatani Kakao di Desa Siniu
Authors: Muhardi Muhardi , Abdul Rauf Rustam , Effendy Effendy 
Published: January 2021

Desa Siniu merupakan salah satu desa di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong. Sebagian besar penduduknya bermatapencaharian sebagai petani. Usahatani kakao merupakan bagian dari perekonomian masyarakat Desa Siniu, namun akhir-akhir ini produktivitas kakao mengalami penurunan. Tujuan program kemitraan masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah menganalisis permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Kelompok Tani Fatu Ghadera di Desa Siniu dalam hal produktivitas kakao, kualitas biji kakao, dan harga jual ditingkat petani yang rendah. Target khusus yang ingin dicapai adalah peningkatan produktivitas kakao, kualitas biji kakao, nilai tambah produk dan harga jual ditingkat petani. Metode yang dipakai untuk mencapai target khusus adalah menawarkan berbagai teknologi pertanian. Upaya peningkatan produktivitas kakao dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan bahan baku lokal menjadi pupuk organik, pembenahan teknik budidaya kakao dan pengendalian hama penyakit tanaman kakao dengan biopestisida berbahan baku lokal. Peningkatan kualitas biji kakao, nilai tambah dan harga jual ditingkat petani dilakukan dengan teknologi fermentasi, sortasi dan rantai pemasaran yang efisien. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pembinaan dengan kegiatan berupa: penyuluhan dan pelatihan, pelatihan manajemen produksi dan usaha, kerja praktek, serta pendampingan anggota kelompok tani. Hasil yang dicapai dalam kegiatan PKM ini adalah: (1). terdapat peningkatan keterampilan teknik budidaya tanaman kakao, (2). terdapat peningkatan keterampilan teknik pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman kakao, (3). terdapat peningkatan keterampilan pembuatan pupuk organik berbahan baku lokal, (4). terdapat peningkatan keterampilan teknik fermentasi pada biji kakao, (5). secara rata-rata terjadi peningkatan produktivitas 2,36% dan pendapatan usahatani kakao sebesar 6,25%.
Sepsis
Authors: LaRosa Steven P , Opal Steven M. 
Published: January 2021

Sepsis, along with the multiorgan failure that often accompanies this condition, is a leading cause of mortality in the intensive care unit. Although modest improvements in the prognosis have been made over the past two decades and promising new therapies continue to be investigated, innovations in the management of septic shock are still required. This chapter discusses the definitions, epidemiology, and pathogenesis (including microbial factors, host-derived mediators, and organ dysfunction) relating to sepsis. Management of severe sepsis and septic shock is also described.
This review contains 5 figures, 11 tables, and 99 references.
Keywords:Organ dysfunction, sepsis, septic shock, infection, bacteremia, fluid resuscitation, vasopressor
Acute Kidney Injury - Part I
Authors: Sanders Paul W , Agarwal Anupam 
Published: January 2021

Acute renal failure (ARF) has been defined as a syndrome in which an abrupt decrease in renal function produces retention of nitrogenous waste products. Translating this abstract description into a clinically useful, accurate, and widely accepted definition has been challenging, in large part because of the focus on serum creatinine concentration, which is easily obtained but has the inherent limitation of poor detection of rapid or subtle, but clinically important, changes in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In recent years, therefore, the term acute kidney injury (AKI) has replaced ARF because AKI denotes the entire clinical spectrum from mild increases in serum creatinine to overt renal failure. AKI is defined by the Risk-Injury-Failure-Loss-ESRD (RIFLE) criteria, based on serum creatinine concentration and urine flow rate. The Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) subsequently modified the definition further and divided AKI into three stages. This chapter includes discussions of the etiology and diagnosis of AKI in hospitalized patients and community-acquired AKI. The specific causes, management, and complications of AKI are also discussed. Figures illustrate the pathophysiologic classification of AKI and the effect of hyperkalemia on cardiac conduction—electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. A worksheet for following patients with AKI is provided.
This review contains 3 figures, 20 tables, and 46 references.
Keywords:Acute kidney injury, dialysis, contrast, rhabdomyolysis, nephropathy, urinalysis, multiple myeloma, ethylene glycol, sepsis, hepatorenal syndrome
Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wise Christopher 
Published: January 2021

Osteoarthritis is a common form of arthritis characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and pathologic changes in surrounding bone and periarticular tissue. The disease process results in pain and dysfunction of affected joints and is a major cause of disability in the general population. Prognosis is variable; greater muscle strength, mental health, self-efficacy, social support, and aerobic exercise are associated with better outcomes. This review outlines the classification of osteoarthritis (primary and secondary) and its epidemiology and etiologic factors, including risk factors, normal articular cartilage, and pathologic changes. Diagnosis is reviewed in terms of general considerations and specific joint involvement and related complications. The differential diagnosis is discussed. Management of osteoarthritis includes nonpharmacologic measures, pharmacologic therapy, surgery, and disease-modifying or chondroprotective therapy.
This review contains 6 figures, 8 tables, and 84 references.
Keywords: Knee, hand, hip, osteoarthritis, joint pain, synovial fluid, inflammation, weight-bearing
Fibromyalgia
Authors: Clauw Daniel Joseph 
Published: January 2021

Clinicians often encounter individuals who present with pain that they cannot adequately explain based on the degree of damage or inflammation noted in peripheral tissues. This typically prompts an evaluation looking for a cause of the pain. If no cause is found, these individuals are often given a diagnostic label that merely connotes that the patient has chronic pain in a region of the body, without an underlying mechanistic cause. Fibromyalgia (FM) is merely the current term for widespread musculoskeletal pain for which no alternative cause can be identified. This review covers the epidemiology, etiology/genetics, pathophysiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and complications and prognosis of FM. Figures show underlying mechanisms that can cause chronic pain; an individual’s “set point” or “volume control setting” for pain as set by a variety of factors, including the levels of neurotransmitters that either facilitate pain or reduce pain transmission; the 2011 Fibromyalgia Survey Criteria; symptoms and syndromes frequently seen in individuals with FM; the distribution of the 2011 Fibromyalgia Survey scores in a large cohort of individuals undergoing joint replacement surgery; and an algorithm showing the importance of dually focused treatment for FM and other chronic pain conditions. Tables list clinical characteristics of centralized pain, pharmacologic therapies for FM, and nonpharmacologic therapies for FM.
This review contains 6 figures, 9 tables, and 78 references.
Keywords: Fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain, headache, temporomandibular joint disorder, gastrointestinal disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nonulcer dyspepsia, or esophageal dysmotility, interstitial cystitis, chronic prostatitis, vulvodynia, vulvar vestibulitis, and endometriosis
Pulmonary Function Testing
Authors: Kreider Maryl 
Published: January 2021

Intelligent management of pulmonary disease requires a fundamental understanding of the complex interrelationships between multiple elements that interact to maintain homeostasis in the respiratory system. This chapter discusses the physiologic basis for pulmonary function testing and the use of these tests to diagnose disease, quantitate functional impairments, and follow the effects of treatment. Figures illustrate the relationships between lung volume, airway conductance, and airway resistance; the relationship between forced expiratory volume and time (spirogram); the relationship between spirometry and maximum expiratory flow volume; dynamic airway compression; patterns of abnormalities seen on flow-volume curves; lung volumes and capacities; pressure-volume relationships in health and disease; and the clinical assessment of lung function. Tables list the capacities and volumes of gas contained in the lungs during various breathing maneuvers, conditions associated with alterations in diffusing capacity, and recommendations for tests for various clinical scenarios.
This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 86 references.
Approach to the Patient with Dyspnea
Authors: Badr Eslam Roza , Waxman Aaron B 
Published: January 2021

Dyspnea is a common, distressing symptom of cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular disease. In a consensus statement, the American Thoracic Society defined dyspnea as “a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity.” Dyspnea is a nonspecific complaint and is one of the most frequent patient complaints. This review discusses the definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, peripheral mechanisms, and evaluation of dyspnea. Figures depict cellular metabolism and exercise physiology, and an invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) flow diagram. Tables list the common causes of dyspnea, invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) diagnosis, and iCPET characteristics of pulmonary hypertension.
This review contains 2 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 51 references.
Peripheral Nerve Blocks for the Lower Extremity
Authors: Shavit Candace , Harbell Monica W. 
Published: January 2021

Lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are often used for surgical anesthesia and postoperative pain management. The use of PNB provides improved analgesia, reduced opioid consumption, and improved patient satisfaction and can facilitate earlier rehabilitation and discharge. As the number of lower extremity total joint arthroplasties is projected to increase significantly, the role of peripheral nerve blocks can be expected to grow in similar fashion. With the growing number of procedures and the increasing focus on patient experience and expeditious hospital discharge, PNBs are increasingly recognized as a powerful tool to improve patient care and facilitate recovery after lower extremity surgery. We provide a basic review of regional anesthesia for lower extremity surgical procedures. The widespread availability of ultrasonography has improved the performance and efficacy of PNBs; thus, we focus on ultrasonography-guided procedures. In this review, we discuss pertinent lower extremity anatomy and sonoanatomy, indications, patient outcome measures, techniques, and complications of the most commonly used blocks.
This review contains 35 figures, 11 tables, 5 videos, and 103 references.
Key words: adductor canal block, analgesia, ankle block, clinical applications of peripheral nerve blocks, complications of peripheral nerve blocks, continuous peripheral nerve catheter, early ambulation, fascia iliaca compartment block, femoral nerve block, lower extremity nerve blocks, lower extremity regional anesthesia, lumbar plexus block, obturator nerve block, peripheral nerve block, peripheral nerve catheter, popliteal block, psoas compartment block, regional anesthesia, regional anesthesia techniques, saphenous nerve block, sciatic nerve block, ultrasonography guided
Pengimbasan Ketahanan Tanaman Pisang Terhadap Penyakit Darah (Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotipe IV) MengGunakan Bakteri Endofit
Authors: Marwan Husda 
Published: January 2021

Induced resistance of banana against blood disease (Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotipe IV) using endophytic bacteria. Endophytic bacteria play a role to control plant pathogenic bacteria indirectly by inducing the plant to increase production of the metabolites in activating the plant resistance. This study aimed to determine the ability of endophytic bacteria to induce resistance in banana plants against blood disease. Indicators of induced resistance of banana plant were analyzed through the existence of defense enzyme activities (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and the amount of salicylic acid on banana roots. The results showed that endophytic bacteria isolates EAL15, EKK10, EKK20 and EKK22 suppressed the incidence of blood disease in Cavendish banana by 70-85%. Increased activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in roots of banana plants were higher in plants treated with endophytic bacteria compared to untreated plants. Salicylic acid content in banana plants treated with isolates EAL15, EKK10 and EKK20 was higher than that of EKK22 isolates and control plants.