bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATOMS: ALMA three-millimeter observations of massive star-forming regions – III. Catalogues of candidate hot molecular cores and hyper/ultra compact H ii regions
Authors: Liu Hong-Li , Liu Tie , Evans II Neal J , Wang Ke , Garay Guido , Qin Sheng-Li , Li Shanghuo , Stutz Amelia , Goldsmith Paul F , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Tej Anandmayee , Zhang Qizhou , Juvela Mika , Li Di , Wang Jun-Zhi , Bronfman Leonardo , Ren Zhiyuan , Wu Yue-Fang , Kim Kee-Tae , Lee Chang Won , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Cunningham Maria R , Liu Xun-Chuan , Wu Jing-Wen , Hirota Tomoya , Lee Jeong-Eun , Li Pak-Shing , Kang Sung-Ju , Mardones Diego , Ristorcelli Isabelle , Zhang Yong , Luo Qiu-Yi , Toth L Viktor , Yi Hee-weon , Yun Hyeong-Sik , Peng Ya-Ping , Li Juan , Zhu Feng-Yao , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Baug Tapas , Dewangan L K , Chakali Eswaraiah , Liu Rong , Xu Feng-Wei , Wang Yu , Zhang Chao , Li Jinzeng , Zhang Chao , Zhou Jianwen , Tang Mengyao , Xue Qiaowei , Issac Namitha , Soam Archana , Álvarez-Gutiérrez Rodrigo H 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We have identified 453 compact dense cores in 3 mm continuum emission maps in the ALMA Three-millimetre Observations of Massive Star-forming regions survey, and compiled three catalogues of high-mass star-forming cores. One catalogue, referred to as hyper/ultra compact (H/UC)-H ii catalogue, includes 89 cores that enshroud H/UC H ii regions as characterized by associated compact H40α emission. A second catalogue, referred to as pure s-cHMC, includes 32 candidate hot molecular cores (HMCs) showing rich spectra (N ≥ 20 lines) of complex organic molecules (COMs) and not associated with H/UC-H ii regions. The third catalogue, referred to as pure w-cHMC, includes 58 candidate HMCs with relatively low levels of COM richness and not associated with H/UC-H ii regions. These three catalogues of dense cores provide an important foundation for future studies of the early stages of high-mass star formation across the Milky Way. We also find that nearly half of H/UC-H ii cores are candidate HMCs. From the number counts of COM-containing and H/UC-H ii cores, we suggest that the duration of high-mass protostellar cores showing chemically rich features is at least comparable to the lifetime of H/UC-H ii regions. For cores in the H/UC-H ii catalogue, the width of the H40α line increases as the core size decreases, suggesting that the non-thermal dynamical and/or pressure line-broadening mechanisms dominate on the smaller scales of the H/UC-H ii cores.
BET inhibitors repress expression of interferon-stimulated genes and synergize with HDAC inhibitors in glioblastoma
Authors: Gusyatiner Olga , Bady Pierre , Pham Minh D T , Lei Yvonne , Park Jungyeon , Daniel Roy T , Delorenzi Mauro , Hegi Monika E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The development of rational combination therapies is key to overcome inherent treatment resistance of glioblastoma (GBM). We aim at identifying new druggable targets by disturbing GBM cells with inhibitors of bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) proteins to reveal cancer-relevant vulnerabilities that may sensitize to a second drug. BET proteins are epigenetic modulators and have been associated with proto-oncogene overexpression in cancer.

Methods
A GBM-derived sphere-line was treated with the BET inhibitor (BETi) JQ1 over a time-course of 48 hours, followed by RNA-sequencing. Four chromatin marks were investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq). Signatures of interest were functionally validated in vitro and in orthotopic xenografts. Combination therapies were evaluated for synergistic effects.

Results
Cancer-relevant pathways significantly modulated by JQ1 comprised interferon alpha (IFN-α) response genes and response signatures to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). The IFN-signature was reminiscent of a GBM-derived IFN-signature comprising CD274 (PD-L1). Functional pathway analysis suggested that JQ1 was acting directly on the transcriptional level of IFN-response genes and not via the canonical JAK/STAT pathway. This was in line with JQ1 modulated expression and BRD4 and Pol II occupancy at IFN-signature genes, supporting a direct mechanistic interaction. Finally, we showed that combining HDACi with JQ1 acts synergistically in reducing cell viability of GS-lines.

Conclusions
Our approach identified BETi-induced vulnerabilities in cancer-relevant pathways, potentially amenable to synergistic combinatorial therapy, such as combination with HDACi. The direct inhibitory effect of BETi on IFN-responsive genes in GBM cells, including CD274, indicates modulation of the tumor immune landscape and warrants further studies.
Rewarding Effects of Nicotine Self-administration Increase Over Time in Male and Female Rats
Authors: Chellian Ranjithkumar , Behnood-Rod Azin , Wilson Ryann , Bruijnzeel Adriaan W 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionSmoking and the use of other nicotine-containing products is rewarding in humans. The self-administration of nicotine is also rewarding in male rats. However, it is unknown if there are sex differences in the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine self-administration and if the rewarding effects of nicotine change over time.MethodsRats were prepared with catheters and intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) electrodes to investigate the effects of nicotine and saline self-administration on reward function. A decrease in thresholds in the ICSS procedure reflects an enhancement of reward function. The ICSS parameters were determined before and after the self-administration sessions from days 1 to 10, and after the self-administration sessions from days 11 to 15.ResultsDuring the first 10 days, there was no sex difference in nicotine intake, but during the last 5 days, the females took more nicotine than the males. During the first 10 days, nicotine self-administration did not lower the brain reward thresholds but decreased the response latencies. During the last 5 days, nicotine lowered the reward thresholds and decreased the response latencies. An analysis with the 5-day averages (days 1–5, 6–10, and 11–15) showed that the reward enhancing and stimulatory effects of nicotine increased over time. There were no sex differences in the reward-enhancing and stimulatory effects of nicotine. The nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine diminished the reward-enhancing and stimulatory effects of nicotine.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the rewarding effects of nicotine self-administration increase over time, and there are no sex differences in the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine self-administration in rats.ImplicationsThis study investigated the rewarding effect of nicotine and saline self-administration in male and female rats. The self-administration of nicotine, but not saline, enhanced brain reward function and had stimulatory effects. The rewarding effects of nicotine increased over time in the males and the females. Despite that the females had a higher level of nicotine intake than the males, the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine self-administration were the same. These findings suggest that in new tobacco and e-cigarette users, nicotine’s rewarding effects might increase quickly, and a higher level of nicotine use in females might not translate into greater rewarding effects.
Negative Perceptions of Young People Using E-Cigarettes on Instagram: An Experiment With Adolescents
Authors: Lazard Allison J , Nicolla Sydney , Darida Avery , Hall Marissa G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Although e-cigarette marketing on social media increases positive attitudes and experimentation, little is known about non-influencer e-cigarette portrayals of young people.

Aims and Methods
High school adolescents (n = 928, 15–18) were recruited by Lightspeed Health for an online experiment and randomized to view an Instagram post with or without e-cigarette use. Outcomes were positive and negative perceptions (prototypes), social distance, and willingness to use.

Results
Half (50%) of participants were susceptible to e-cigarette use. E-cigarettes shown (vs. not) led to less positive prototypes, p = .017, more negative prototypes, p = .004, and more social distance, p &lt; .001. Negative prototypes and social distance were moderated by susceptibility (both p &lt; .05); effects among non-susceptible adolescents only. Showing e-cigarettes did not impact willingness to use if offered.

Conclusions
Negative perceptions of e-cigarettes use challenge assumptions that vaping online is universally admirable. Highlighting unfavorable opinions of vaping or negative impacts for adolescents’ social image are potential strategies for tobacco counter-marketing.

Implications
Despite daily use of visual-based social media by most adolescents, little is known about the influence of e-cigarette use among young people online. Adolescent negative perceptions and desired distance from non-influencers using e-cigarettes on Instagram indicate digital e-cigarette portrayals are not universally accepted. Negative impacts for adolescents’ social image present a counter-marketing strategy.
Implementation of the Uniformed Services University Pain Registry Biobank: A Military and Veteran Population–Focused Biobank and Registry
Authors: Kroma Raymond B , Giordano Nicholas A , Highland Krista B , Bedocs Peter , McDuffie Mary , Buckenmaier Chester C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this overview is to discuss the development, implementation, data content, and structure of the Uniformed Services University Pain Registry Biobank. Additionally, procedures and policies for accessing samples for pain-related research purposes are detailed.

Design
Cross-sectional overview.

Setting
Multiple military treatment facilities.

Subjects
Adult beneficiaries seeking care within the Military Health System.

Methods
Participants complete a baseline battery of biopsychosocial survey measures, including Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) measures, and provide biological samples (e.g., blood and saliva). Relevant health history, including medications and surgical history, is extracted from medical records. During the course of the subsequent year, enrolled participants complete surveys and provide biological samples at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Thereafter, participants are contacted once annually to complete self-reported assessments and provide biological samples.

Results
In the first year alone, 86 subjects have participated in the Uniformed Services University Pain Registry Biobank and provided 390 observations (e.g., biological samples and biopsychosocial patient-reported outcomes). The Uniformed Services University Pain Registry Biobank’s integration of biological samples, patient-reported outcomes, and health record data over a longitudinal period across a diverse sample recruited from multiple military facilities addresses many of the limitations faced by other pain-related registries or biorepositories.

Conclusions
The Uniformed Services University Pain Registry Biobank will serve as a platform for conducting research closely aligned with the Federal Pain Research Strategy. The inclusion of active duty service members, beneficiaries, and civilians living with and without acute or chronic pain provides a unique data repository for all investigators interested in advancing pain science.
Comparing Estimates of News Consumption from Survey and Passively Collected Behavioral Data
Authors: Konitzer Tobias , Allen Jennifer , Eckman Stephanie , Howland Baird , Mobius Markus , Rothschild David , Watts Duncan J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Surveys are a vital tool for understanding public opinion and knowledge, but they can also yield biased estimates of behavior. Here we explore a popular and important behavior that is frequently measured in public opinion surveys: news consumption. Previous studies have shown that television news consumption is consistently overreported in surveys relative to passively collected behavioral data. We validate these earlier findings, showing that they continue to hold despite large shifts in news consumption habits over time, while also adding some new nuance regarding question wording. We extend these findings to survey reports of online and social media news consumption, with respect to both levels and trends. Third, we demonstrate the usefulness of passively collected data for measuring a quantity such as “consuming news” for which different researchers might reasonably choose different definitions. Finally, recognizing that passively collected data suffers from its own limitations, we outline a framework for using a mix of passively collected behavioral and survey-generated attitudinal data to accurately estimate consumption of news and related effects on public opinion and knowledge, conditional on media consumption.
Dissecting Public Opinion on Regional Authority: Four Types of Regionalists Based on Citizens’ Preferences for Self-Rule and Shared Rule
Authors: Schakel Arjan H , Brown A J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although regional governments play vital roles in most political systems, citizens’ perceptions regarding regional authority are only rarely studied. Relying on the International Constitutional Values Survey held among more than 6,000 respondents from 142 regions in eight countries, we develop measures to tap into citizens’ preferences for self-rule—i.e., for autonomy for their region—and citizens’ preferences for shared rule—i.e., for regional engagement in national decision-making. A majority of citizens prefer their regional governments to have some level of both self-rule and shared rule, but around a quarter of the citizens prefer their region to have more self-rule and less shared rule or vice versa. The analysis reveals these varying preferences are associated with a region’s actual authority and regional identity. These results are important because they indicate that most citizens do not presume increased self-rule to be the main or only path to a strong regional authority.
Diagnostic delay is common for patients with axial spondyloarthritis: results from the National Early Inflammatory Arthritis Audit
Authors: Russell Mark D , Coath Fiona , Yates Mark , Bechman Katie , Norton Sam , Galloway James B , Ledingham Joanna , Sengupta Raj , Gaffney Karl 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesUpdated guidelines for patients with axial SpA (axSpA) have sought to reduce diagnostic delay by raising awareness among clinicians. We used the National Early Inflammatory Arthritis Audit (NEIAA) to describe baseline characteristics and time to diagnosis for newly referred patients with axSpA in England and Wales.MethodsAnalyses were performed on sociodemographic and clinical metrics, including time to referral and assessment, for axSpA patients (n = 784) recruited to the NEIAA between May 2018 and March 2020. Comparators were patients recruited to the NEIAA with RA (n = 9270) or mechanical back pain (MBP; n = 370) in the same period.ResultsSymptom duration prior to initial rheumatology assessment was longer in axSpA than RA patients (P &lt; 0.001) and non-significantly longer in axSpA than MBP patients (P = 0.062): 79.7% of axSpA patients had symptom durations of &gt;6 months, compared with 33.7% of RA patients and 76.0% of MBP patients. Following referral, the median time to initial rheumatology assessment was longer for axSpA than RA patients (36 vs 24 days; P &lt; 0.001) and similar to MBP patients (39 days; P = 0.30). Of the subset of patients deemed eligible for early inflammatory arthritis pathway follow-up, fewer axSpA than RA patients had disease education provided (77.5% vs 97.8%) and RA patients reported a better understanding of their condition and treatment.ConclusionDiagnostic delay in axSpA remains a major challenge despite improved disease understanding and updated referral guidelines. Disease education is provided to fewer axSpA than RA patients, highlighting the need for specialist clinics and support programmes for axSpA patients.
Financing Labor
Authors: Benmelech Efraim , Bergman Nittai , Seru Amit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Financial market imperfections can have significant impact on employment decisions of firms. We illustrate the economic importance of this channel by showing that employment decisions are constrained by firms’ financial health and liquidity. Our main analysis uses a collage of three “quasi-experiments” to trace the effects of finance on employment. The results suggest that financial constraints and the availability of credit play an important role in firm-level employment decisions, as well as aggregate unemployment outcomes.
Comparison of Emotional Intelligence, Attachment Style, and Mental Health in Addicted and Nonaddicted People
Authors: Naeim Mahdi , Rezaeisharif Ali 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Nowadays, because of the increasing prevalence of addiction in society, there are many costs involved in treating addicts and returning them to normal lives. This will not be possible except in new and effective ways.

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare emotional intelligence, attachment style, and mental health in addicted and healthy individuals.

Methods:
On the basis of inclusion criteria, available sampling method, and semistructured interview based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, 100 addicted men were selected and after matching with 100 nonaddicted men by, Extracurricular Vein Scale (TMMS), light questionnaire Adult Attachment Style (AAS), and the Goldenberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were assessed.

Results:
The results showed that in all 3 components of attention, differentiation, and mood reconstruction of emotional intelligence, addicted people scored lower than the nonaddicted group. The results showed that in the secure attachment style, the mean scores of the nonaddicted group are higher than the addicted group, while in the avoidant insecure style and ambivalent anxiety style, addicted men are significantly higher than nonaddicted men. Also, in all components of mental health, the nonaddicted group obtained higher scores compared with addicted people.

Conclusions:
Psychological correlations of emotional intelligence, adult attachment style, and mental health are important risk factors for the phenomenon of drug addiction and have many practical implications for preventive interventions and treatment of abusive behaviors.
Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in Colombia
Authors: Scoppetta Orlando , Rodríguez-Fandiño Camilo , Villamil Alejandra , Pérez Augusto 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims:
The use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in Colombia is a new phenomenon. However, there has been an increase in recent years and without any apparent explanation, is necessary to understand the characteristics of the use of ENDS in Colombia.

Methods:
This research is a secondary analysis study based on data from the 2020 National Study of Psychoactive Substance Use in the Colombian territory, which uses a household survey methodology. The study sample includes 49,756 people (48.3% male, 51.8% female), between 12 and 65 years old, distributed in the 32 departments of the country.

Results:
Five percent of Colombians between 12 and 65 years of age have used ENDS at some time in their life (67.8% male). The 12- to 17-year-old group started at 14.6 years average and exists a higher proportion of tobacco smokers among ENDS users in all prevalence.

Conclusions:
The use of ENDS is growing probably because of new marketing strategies that involve novel details and that generate curiosity, especially in the youngest. Some of these are technological designs, pleasant smells and flavors or absence of them and how easy it can be to hide them and consume them in places where it is forbidden to do. So, many young people and adolescents who had not used nicotine before, now do.
There is a knowledge gap about ENDS, therefore they can affect the work has been done for decades in reducing nicotine consumption among young people and be the gateway to the consumption of cigarettes or other substances (marijuana).
A Case–control Study of Major Genetic Predisposition Risk Alleles in Developing DDD in the Northeast US Population: Effects of Gene–gene Interactions
Authors: Valtchinov Vladimir I. , Zhai Bingxue K. , Hida Tomoyuki , Lacson Ronilda , Raja Ali , Hatabu Hiroro , Khorasani Ramin 
Published: May 2021

Study Design.
A case–control study of risk alleles for degenerative disc disease (DDD) using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for phenotyping.

Objective.
We aim to provide the first statistically adequately powered study of the relationship between the presence of common risk alleles and occurrence of DDD in Eastern US population.

Summary of Background Data.
Many genetic predisposing factors have been identified in elevating the risk of DDD, including common variants in VDR, COL1A1, AGC1, COL9A2/3 genes.

Methods.
We utilized the Mass General Brigham (MGB) Biobank in which subjects’ Medical Record is linked with genotyped data from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Subjects with lumbosacral spine MR imaging studies were used to construct the Cases cohort; the Biobank's Controls cohort was used as the Control cohort. Odds ratios (OR) and False-discovery-rate (FDR) q values from multiple-hypotheses-testing corrections were used to assess the likelihood of DDD given occurrence of the listed DDD risk alleles.

Results.
Four-hundred-fourteen subjects (mean age = 64, range = 27 to 94) were Cases and 925 Controls (mean age = 46, range = 21–61). A systematic search has identified 25 SNPs in 18 genes in the SNP arrays. At univariate level, rs1544410 in VDR was significantly associated with DDD for male subjects (odds ratio [OR] = 0.594, P = 0.011). After adjustment for all significant variants and demographics, three predictor variables had a significant association with the outcome, age (OR = 1.130, q < 0.0001), rs143383 (OR = 1.951, q = 0.056), and rs3737821 (OR = 2.701, q = 0.069). A novel variant-to-variant correlation rs143383:rs763110 had a significant adjusted OR = 7.933, q = 0.070).

Conclusion.
In this large-scale study of common variants’ correlation with the presence of DDD in the Northeast United States, we have found a novel and significant variant-to-variant interaction to be associated with the risk of developing DDD, corroborating and necessitating the inclusion of gene–gene interactions in predictive risk model development for DDD.

Level of Evidence: 4
Desmoid-type fibromatosis: toward a holistic management
Authors: Penel Nicolas , Kasper Bernd , van Der Graaf Winette T.A. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Desmoid-type fibromatosis, a rare locally aggressive fibroblastic proliferation, is a treatment challenge. This review aimed to explore recent data about the management of desmoid-type fibromatosis.

Recent findings
New data underline the role of kinases and ɣ-secretase in stimulating cell proliferation and invasiveness in desmoid-type fibromatosis. This explains the proven activity of multikinase inhibitors (sorafenib or pazopanib) in the management of desmoid-type fibromatosis or the emerging role of a ɣ-secretase inhibitor. An international guideline for management was recently published, and this guideline take into account patient point of view. Lastly, recent studies highlight the multidimensional burden of desmoid-type fibromatosis, particularly health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Summary
Active surveillance with planned MRI is the first-line management in desmoid-type fibromatosis. A site-specific and stepwise approach should be considered for progressive desmoid-type fibromatosis. Further, a risk–benefit analysis that considers the side effects and long-term sequelae should be conducted before deciding to start any treatment. A less aggressive approach should be considered. Multikinase inhibitors are effective, but their tolerability and side effects should be discussed with the patients. The symptoms and HRQoL should be integrated in decision-making. Desmoid-type fibromatosis patients should be offered support to address their needs supportive care.