bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of single and combined pesticides used by Bolivian farmers
Authors: Barrón Cuenca Jessika , de Oliveira Galvão Marcos Felipe , Ünlü Endirlik Burcu , Tirado Noemi , Dreij Kristian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe previously showed that farmers in Bolivia are exposed to many pesticides, some at elevated levels, and that this was associated with increased risk of genetic damage. To improve the understanding of possible mixture effects, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of pesticides were studied in vitro using human liver HepG2 cells. The studied pesticides were 2,4‐D, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, glyphosate, methamidophos, paraquat, profenofos, and tebuconazole. Three mixtures (U1, U2, and U3) were based on profiles of urinary pesticide metabolites and one mixture on the most frequently used pesticides (S1). The results showed that paraquat and methamidophos were the most cytotoxic pesticides (EC50 ≤0.3 mM). Paraquat, chlorpyrifos, tebuconazole, and the U1, U2, and U3 mixtures, which contained a large proportion of either chlorpyrifos or tebuconazole, significantly increased intracellular ROS levels. Most pesticides activated DNA damage signaling through proteins Chk1 and H2AX. Strongest responses were elicited by paraquat, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and the S1 mixture, which contained 25% paraquat. Comet assay revealed significant increases of DNA damage in response to paraquat, cypermethrin, and U2 and S1 mixtures, which contained high levels of cypermethrin and paraquat, respectively. In summary, we showed that the tested pesticides, alone or in mixtures, in general induced oxidative stress and that most pesticides, and especially paraquat and cypermethrin, were genotoxic in HepG2 cells. We could also show that mixtures dominated by these two pesticides displayed a marked genotoxic potency, which agreed with our previous population studies.
Gut Microbiota Linked with Reduced Fear of Humans in Red Junglefowl Has Implications for Early Domestication
Authors: Puetz Lara C. , Delmont Tom O. , Aizpurua Ostaizka , Guo Chunxue , Zhang Guojie , Katajamaa Rebecca , Jensen Per , Gilbert M. Thomas P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDomestication of animals can lead to profound phenotypic modifications within short evolutionary time periods, and for many species behavioral selection is likely at the forefront of this process. Animal studies have strongly implicated that the gut microbiome plays a major role in host behavior and cognition through the microbiome–gut–brain axis. Consequently, herein, it is hypothesized that host gut microbiota may be one of the earliest phenotypes to change as wild animals were domesticated. Here, the gut microbiome community in two selected lines of red junglefowl that are selected for either high or low fear of humans up to eight generations is examined. Microbiota profiles reveal taxonomic differences in gut bacteria known to produce neuroactive compounds between the two selection lines. Gut–brain module analysis by means of genome‐resolved metagenomics identifies enrichment in the microbial synthesis and degradation potential of metabolites associated with fear extinction and reduces anxiety‐like behaviors in low fear fowls. In contrast, high fear fowls are enriched in gut–brain modules from the butyrate and glutamate pathways, metabolites associated with fear conditioning. Overall, the results identify differences in the composition and functional potential of the gut microbiota across selection lines that may provide insights into the mechanistic explanations of the domestication process.
In vivo effectiveness of carbonated calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite‐coated activated carbon fiber cloth on bone regeneration
Authors: Olivier Florian , Sarou‐Kanian Vincent , Fayon Franck , Bonnamy Sylvie , Rochet Nathalie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe have previously shown that activated carbon fiber cloth (ACC) either uncoated or coated with carbonated calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite (CDA), namely ACC and ACC/CDA, were biocompatible in vitro with human osteoblasts. Here we hypothesized that ACC and ACC/CDA could be used as tissue patches in vivo to accelerate wounded bone healing. In a model of rat femoral defect, we have compared spontaneous cortical bone regeneration with regeneration in the presence of ACC and ACC/CDA patches. At Day 7, 14, and 21, bone formation was evaluated using microcomputed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological analysis. Our results demonstrate first that these ACC tissues are highly biocompatible in vivo, and second that ACC/CDA patches apposition results in the acceleration of bone reconstruction due to a guiding action of the ACC fibers and an osteogenic effect of the CDA phase. We guess that this approach may represent a valuable strategy to accelerate bone regeneration in human.
Association between caregivers' characteristics and older care recipients' well‐being among Vietnamese immigrant families in the United States
Authors: Miyawaki Christina E. , Liu Minhui , Markides Kyriakos S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsWe examined the association between caregivers' psychological status and their older family members' (care recipients) mental health in the Vietnamese American community (N = 58 dyads).MethodsLogistic regression models were used.ResultsCaregivers and care recipients were on average 53 and 75 years old, immigrated at ages 32 and 51, and had 10 and 6 years of formal education, respectively. Approximately two‐thirds of caregivers provided care for 20+ h/week for 7 years with the majority of care recipients reporting fair or poor health. Care recipients' physical and cognitive health had a significant association with their depressive symptoms. However, care recipients acting as burdened caregivers' “company” helped themselves and felt less depressed (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.99).ConclusionLeveraging the tradition of Vietnamese multigeneration households, we should promote being a good company to each other that will help the caregiver‐care recipient dyad, as well as their family unit when planning future interventions.
Cannabinoid interventions for improving cachexia outcomes in cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Simon Lucile , Baldwin Christine , Kalea Anastasia Z. , Slee Adrian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCancer‐associated cachexia (CAC) is a wasting syndrome characterized by involuntary weight loss and anorexia. Clear definition and diagnostic criteria for CAC are lacking, which makes it difficult to estimate its prevalence, to interpret research and to compare studies. There is no standard treatment to manage CAC, but previous studies support the use of cannabinoids for cachexia in other chronic diseases including HIV and multiple sclerosis. However, only a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one meta‐analysis of this intervention in cancer populations are available. Non‐randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) are often excluded from reviews due to variable methodology and potential for biases. This review aimed to consider NRSIs alongside RCTs to provide a complete summary of the available evidence that clinical decision makers could use in future investigations. Literature searches were conducted using three databases for relevant RCTs or NRSIs according to Cochrane methodology. Abstract and full texts of retrieved manuscripts were selected and retrieved by two investigators based on the PRISMA‐A guidelines, and risk of bias and quality of evidence assessments were performed. Outcome data on weight, appetite, quality of life, performance status, adverse effects, and mortality were combined by narrative synthesis and meta‐analysis where possible. Ten studies were included, four of which were RCTs and six NRSIs matching the eligibility criteria. Very low‐quality evidence from meta‐analysis suggested no significant benefits of cannabinoids for appetite compared with control (standardized mean difference: −0.02; 95% confidence interval: −0.51, 0.46; P = 0.93). Patient‐reported observations from NRSIs suggested improvements in appetite. Another meta‐analysis of moderate quality evidence showed that cannabinoids were significantly less efficient than active or inactive control on quality of life (standardized mean difference: −0.25; 95% confidence interval: −0.43, −0.07; P = 0.007). The effectiveness of cannabinoids alone to improve outcomes of CAC remains unclear. Low‐quality evidence from both RCTs and NRSIs shows no significant benefits of cannabinoids for weight gain, appetite stimulation, and better quality of life, three important outcomes of cachexia. Higher quality research integrating cannabinoids into multi‐modal therapies may offer better opportunities for developing CAC‐specific treatments. This review also highlights that findings from non‐randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) can provide evidence of the effects of an intervention and advocate for the feasibility of larger RCTs.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel hetroaryl quinolinone derivatives
Authors: Abd El‐Ghani Ghada E. , El‐Sayed Magdy A. , El‐Desoky El‐Sayed I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study involves the synthesis of novel heterocyclic scaffolds containing quinoline moiety and studying their role as antimicrobial agents. 4‐hydroxy‐6‐phenyl‐2H‐pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐2,5(6H))‐dione (1) was utilized as a precursor for the construction of new polyheterocyclic ring systems. It reacted with three aryl and (heteroaryl) aldehydes to furnish the corresponding arylidenes 2a‐c. The nucleophilic cyclization of compound 2 with hydrazine hydrate to give pyrazolyl quinolinone 3. Moreover, the reaction of 1 with HCHO/morpholine led to the formation of the adduct 7. The synthesized N‐(5–3‐formyl‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐phenyl‐2,5‐dioxo‐5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrano [3,2‐c] quinoline (10) was utilized for the synthesis of 3‐(([aryl]amino)methylene)‐6‐phenyl‐2H‐pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐2,4,5 (3H,6H)‐trione 11a‐c via its treatment with three types of amines. Treatment of 1 with POCl3/Et3N afforded the corresponding 4‐chloro derivative 20. Which upon treatment with thiourea lead to the formation of the corresponding 4‐mercapto derivative 21. The latter 21 was alkylated using ethylbromo acetate giving 22. All freshly synthesized scaffolds were elucidated by considering the data of both elemental and spectral analyses. The synthesized scaffolds were screened for antimicrobial activities also showed promising results. The p‐chlorobenzylidene pyrazolylquinolone derivative 3 has excellent antimicrobial properties against Proteus vulgaris compared to its mild activity against Staph aureus. While 4‐Chloro‐6‐phenyl‐2H‐pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐2,5(6H)‐dione (20) exhibited good activates against Staph aureus surpassing the activity of reference antibiotic. Also, compounds 21 showed excellent antifungal activity against Candida albicans higher than fluconazole.
Normal aging, motor neurone disease, and Alzheimer’s disease are characterized by cortical changes in inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Tennakoon Anuradha , Katharesan Viythia , Musgrave Ian Francis , Koblar Simon Andrea , Faull Richard Lewis Maxwell , Curtis Maurice Anthony , Johnson Ian Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe role of increased brain inflammation in the development of neurodegenerative diseases is unclear. Here, we have compared cytokine changes in normal aging, motor neurone disease (MND), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). After an initial analysis, six candidate cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐ 4, 5, 6, 10, macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)‐1α, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2, showing greatest changes were assayed in postmortem frozen human superior frontal gyri (n = 12) of AD patients, aging and young adult controls along with the precentral gyrus (n = 12) of MND patients. Healthy aging was associated with decreased anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 and FGF‐2 levels. AD prefrontal cortex was associated with increased levels of IL‐4, IL‐5, and FGF‐2, with the largest increase seen for FGF‐2. Notwithstanding differences in the specific frontal lobe gyrus sampled, MND patients’ primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus) was associated with increased levels of IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, and FGF‐2 compared to the aging prefrontal cortex (superior frontal gyrus). Immunocytochemistry showed that FGF‐2 is expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in normal aging prefrontal cortex, AD prefrontal cortex, and MND motor cortex. We report that healthy aging and age‐related neurodegenerative diseases have different cortical inflammatory signatures that are characterized by increased levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and call into question the view that increased inflammation underlies the development of age‐related neurodegenerative diseases.
Serum Raman spectroscopy combined with convolutional neural network for label‐free detection of echinococcosis
Authors: Wu Guohua , Chen Peng , Zheng Xiangxiang , Yin Longfei , Lü Guodong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEarly disease screening is of great significance to its prevention and treatment, and serum analysis is one of the important methods for early disease screening. In this paper, a portable spectrometer was used to collect serum Raman spectra of echinococcosis patients and healthy volunteers, and a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to classify the two types of spectra. The average spectrum shows that the phenylalanine and carotene content in the serum of patients with echinococcosis is less than that in healthy volunteers, whereas the content of amino acids such as proline and tyrosine is higher. We built a CNN model to identify two types of spectra. First, the Kennard–Stone algorithm was used to divide the two types of spectra into a training set and a test set. Afterwards, the optimal hyperparameters of the model were determined by fivefold cross‐validation on the training set. Finally, the test set was used to evaluate the final effect of the model. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the test set on the model are 94.90%, 90.57%, and 97.11%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis further confirmed the excellent performance of the CNN in the classification of serum Raman spectra. The above results show that serum Raman spectroscopy combined with a one‐dimensional CNN algorithm has great potential in the early diagnosis of echinococcosis.
Core‐shell magnetic porous organic polymer for magnetic solid‐phase extraction of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in honey samples followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Tian Cong , Ren Xue , He Man , Chen Beibei , Hu Bin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBy monomer‐mediated in‐situ growth synthesis strategy, with hydroquinone and 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl)benzene as monomers, a core‐shell magnetic porous organic polymer was synthesized through a simple azo reaction. Based on this, a magnetic solid‐phase extraction–high‐performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection method was proposed for the analysis of fluoroquinolones in a honey sample. With ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and difloxacin as target analytes, factors affecting the extraction efficiency had been optimized. The LODs were 1.5–5.4 ng/L (corresponding to 0.23–0.81 μg/kg in honey). The linear range was 0.005–20 μg/L for difloxacin, 0.01–20 μg/L for ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin, and 0.02–20 μg/L for enrofloxacin. The enrichment factor was 84.4–91.7‐fold with a high extraction efficiency of 84.4–91.7%. The method was assessed by the analysis of target fluoroquinolones in honey samples, and the recoveries for the spiked samples were 79.3–95.8%. The results indicated that the established magnetic solid‐phase extraction–high‐performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection method is efficient for the analysis of trace fluoroquinolones in honey.
Machine Learning‐Based Ultrasomics for Predicting Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Stages
Authors: Jiang Hao , Chen Ling , Zhao Yu‐jia , Lin Zhang‐ya , Yang Hong 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the performance of machine learning (ML)‐based ultrasomic analysis of subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) stage evaluation.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 324 patients with SIS were included. The SIS stage was evaluated with a Neer test. Regions of the musculi supraspinatus were manually segmented by an experienced radiologist. Then, 5936 ultrasomic features were extracted from the Ultrasomics Platform software. The Wilcoxon test was used to identify differentially expressed radiomic features. Then, these differentially expressed features were submitted to the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) for model construction. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic was used to evaluate the performance of the ultrasonic model for SIS stage evaluation.ResultsFinally, a total of 223 early‐stage and 101 advanced‐stage SIS patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 227) and a validation cohort (n = 97). After feature‐dimensionality reduction, a total of 28 radiomic features were submitted to LASSO analysis. Finally, 10 radiomic features were finally included for radiomics model construction. The AUC results showed that the ultrasomics model had moderate performance for SIS stage evaluation in both the training cohort (AUC = 0.839) and the validation cohort (AUC = 0.789).ConclusionsML‐derived ultrasomics can discriminate the SIS stage in patients with SIS. This noninvasive and low‐cost approach may be helpful in the preliminary screening of shoulder pain.
RETRACTED: LINC02381 aggravates breast cancer through the miR‐1271‐5p/FN1 axis to activate PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Huang Shoucheng , Huang Ping , Wu Huazhang , Wang Song , Liu Guodong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmerging investigations have demonstrated that lncRNAs are key crucial modulators in cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of LINC02381 in breast cancer (BC). Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction measured the LINC02381 level in BC tissues and cells. Colony formation, EdU staining, wound healing and Transwell experiments examined the impact of LINC02381 depletion on BC cell phenotypes. Relationship among miR‐1271‐5p, LINC02381, and FN1 was tested through applying RIP, luciferase reporter, and RNA pull‐down assays. We found that LINC02381 expression was elevated in BC. Functionally, LINC02381 knockdown hampered BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. LINC02381 overexpression accelerated tumor formation in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC02381 acted as a ceRNA to increase FN1 via decoying miR‐1271‐5p. Additionally, LINC02381 activated PI3K/AKT pathway by upregulating FN1. Rescue assays indicated that FN1 upregulation or PI3K/AKT activation rescued the LINC02381 knockdown‐mediated inhibition on malignant phenotypes of BC cells. Overall, LINC02381 exerts carcinogenic effects in BC by the miR‐1271‐5p/FN1 axis to activate PI3K/AKT pathway.
Texture and shape analysis of diffusion‐weighted imaging for thyroid nodules classification using machine learning
Authors: Sharafeldeen Ahmed , Elsharkawy Mohamed , Khaled Reem , Shaffie Ahmed , Khalifa Fahmi , Soliman Ahmed , Abdel Razek Ahmed Abdel khalek , Hussein Manar Mansour , Taman Saher , Naglah Ahmed , Alrahmawy Mohammed , Elmougy Samir , Yousaf Jawad , Ghazal Mohammed , El‐Baz Ayman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether the integration between (a) functional imaging features that will be extracted from diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI); and (b) shape and texture imaging features as well as volumetric features that will be extracted from T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can noninvasively improve the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid nodules classification.Patients and methodsIn a retrospective study of 55 patients with pathologically proven thyroid nodules, T2‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted MRI scans of the thyroid gland were acquired. Spatial maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were reconstructed in all cases. To quantify the nodules' morphology, we used spherical harmonics as a new parametric shape descriptor to describe the complexity of the thyroid nodules in addition to traditional volumetric descriptors (e.g., tumor volume and cuboidal volume). To capture the inhomogeneity of the texture of the thyroid nodules, we used the histogram‐based statistics (e.g., kurtosis, entropy, skewness, etc.) of the T2‐weighted signal. To achieve the main goal of this paper, a fusion system using an artificial neural network (NN) is proposed to integrate both the functional imaging features (ADC) with the structural morphology and texture features. This framework has been tested on 55 patients (20 patients with malignant nodules and 35 patients with benign nodules), using leave‐one‐subject‐out (LOSO) for training/testing validation tests.ResultsThe functionality, morphology, and texture imaging features were estimated for 55 patients. The accuracy of the computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system steadily improved as we integrate the proposed imaging features. The fusion system combining all biomarkers achieved a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F1‐score, and accuracy of (confidence interval [CI]: ), (CI: ), (CI: ), (CI: ), (CI: ), and (CI: ), respectively, using the LOSO cross‐validation approach.ConclusionThe results demonstrated in this paper show the promise that integrating the functional features with morphology as well as texture features by using the current state‐of‐the‐art machine learning approaches will be extremely useful for identifying thyroid nodules as well as diagnosing their malignancy.
Habenular and mediodorsal thalamic connectivity predict persistent weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Wang Jia , Li Guanya , Hu Yang , Zhang Wenchao , Zhang Lei , Tan Zongxin , Li Hao , Jia Zhenzhen , von Deneen Karen M. , Li Xiaohua , Yu Juan , Han Yu , Cui Guangbin , Manza Peter , Shokri‐Kojori Ehsan , Tomasi Dardo , Volkow Nora D. , Nie Yongzhan , Ji Gang , Zhang Yi , Wang Gene‐Jack 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)‐induced changes in connectivity between regions involved with reward/antireward and cognitive control and the extent to which these changes persist after surgery and predict sustainable weight loss.MethodsWhole‐brain local functional connectivity density (lFCD) was studied in 25 participants with obesity who underwent resting‐state functional MRI before (PreLSG), 1 month after (PostLSG1), and 12 months after (PostLSG12) LSG and compared with 25 normal‐weight controls. Regions with significant time effects of LSG on functional connectivity density were identified for subsequent seed‐based connectivity analyses and to examine associations with behavior.ResultsLSG significantly increased lFCD in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) and in the habenula (Hb) at PostLSG12 compared with PreLSG/PostLSG1, whereas it decreased lFCD in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PreCun) at PostLSG1/PostLSG12, and these changes were associated with reduction in BMI. In contrast, controls had no significant lFCD differences between baseline and repeated measures. MD had stronger connectivity with PreCun and Hb at PostLSG12 compared with PreLSG/PostLSG1, and the increased MD‐left PreCun and Hb‐MD connectivity correlated with decreases in hunger and BMI, respectively. PCC/PreCun had stronger connectivity with the insula at PostLSG1‐12.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of reward and interoceptive regions as well as that of regions mediating negative emotions in the long‐term therapeutic benefits of LSG.