bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drawing up a collaborative contract: Amino acid cross‐feeding between interspecies bacterial pairs
Authors: Kelly Erin E. , Fischer Alexandria M. , Collins Cynthia H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSynthetic microbial communities have the potential to enable new platforms for bioproduction of biofuels and biopharmaceuticals. However, using engineered communities is often assumed to be difficult because of anticipated challenges in establishing and controlling community composition. Cross‐feeding between microbial auxotrophs has the potential to facilitate coculture growth and stability through a mutualistic ecological interaction. We assessed cross‐feeding between 13 Escherichia coli amino acid auxotrophs paired with a leucine auxotroph of Bacillus megaterium. We developed a minimal medium capable of supporting the growth of both bacteria and used the media to study coculture growth of the 13 interspecies pairs of auxotrophs in batch and continuous culture, as well as on semi‐solid media. In batch culture, 8 of 13 pairs of auxotrophs were observed to grow in coculture. We developed a new metric to quantify the impact of cross‐feeding on coculture growth. Six pairs also showed long‐term stability in continuous culture, where coculture growth at different dilution rates highlighted differences in cross‐feeding amongst the pairs. Finally, we found that cross‐feeding‐dependent growth on semi‐solid media is highly stringent and enables identification of the most efficient pairs. These results demonstrate that cross‐feeding is a viable approach for controlling community composition within diverse synthetic communities.
Very‐Long‐Chain Wax Constituents from Primula veris and P. acaulis: Does the Paradigm of Non‐Branched vs. Branched Chain Dominance Universally Hold in all Plant Taxa?
Authors: Živković Stošić Milena Z. , Radulović Niko S. , Genčić Marija S. , Ranđelović Vladimir N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein n‐, iso‐ and anteiso‐series of very‐long‐chained (VLC) alkanes (C21–C35), fatty acid benzyl esters (FABEs; C20–C32), and 2‐alkanones (C23–C35) were identified in the wax of Primula veris L. and P. acaulis (L.) L. (Primulaceae). For the very first time in a sample of natural origin, the presence of iso‐ and anteiso‐VLC FABEs and 2‐alkanones was unequivocally confirmed by synthetic work, derivatization, and NMR. It should be noted that the studied species produced unusually high amounts of branched wax constituents (e. g., >50 % of 2‐alkanones were branched isomers). The domination of iso‐isomers, probably biosynthesized from leucine‐derived starters, is a unique feature in the Plant Kingdom. The plant organ distribution of these VLC compounds in P. acaulis samples (different habitats and phenological phases) pointed to their possible ecological value. This was supported by a eutectic behavior of binary blends of FABEs and alkanes, as well as by high UV‐C absorption by FABEs.
Short term outcomes of Impella circulatory support for high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Elia Edoardo , Iannaccone Mario , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Gallone Guglielmo , Colombo Francesco , Albani Stefano , Attisani Matteo , Rinaldi Mauro , Boccuzzi Giacomo , Conrotto Federico , Noussan Patrizia , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveAim of this study is to evaluate short term safety and efficacy of Impella in high risk percutaneous coronary intervention (HR‐PCI) population.BackgroundWhile several studies demonstrated the clinical significance of Impella in HR‐PCI, few data exist about its impact on short term outcome.MethodsAll studies reporting short term outcomes of PCI with any Impella device were included. The primary endpoint was either in‐hospital or 30‐day mortality, while vascular complications, post‐procedural stroke, post‐procedural dialysis and bleeding complications were assessed as secondary outcomes.ResultsNine studies with 7448 patients were included. Median age was 69.5 years old (67–73), with a mean ejection fraction of 29.7% (20%–39%) and a Syntax score of 30.2 (25. 5–33, interquartile [IQR]). Impella 2.5 was the most commonly used axial flow pump used to support these PCIs (88.7%). In‐hospital death was observed in 5.09% of patients (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.69–6.49, I2 = 78%), while vascular complications in 2.53% of patients (1.07–4.00, I2 = 89%) and post‐procedural stroke in 2.77% of patients (0.50–6.05, I2 = 98%). Major bleeding occurred in 5.98% of patients (3.66–8.31, I2 = 90%) and post‐procedural dialysis in 4.44% of patients (1.50–7.37, I2 = 93% all CI 93%).ConclusionUse of Impella in high risk PCI appears to have an acceptable rate of complication, especially regarding vascular complications and major bleedings.
Fracture of the tibia after a fibula graft for mandibular reconstruction: A rare complication, report of a case
Authors: Goey Ru‐shan , van Drunen Bert , van der Linden Enrike , van Merkesteyn J.P. Richard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA tibia fracture after a fibula harvest is a rare and serious condition; however, when treated adequately, it has a good outcome. The possibility of a fracture should be kept in mind and other pathology and/or metastasis should be ruled out.
Clozapine‐induced gastroesophageal rumination in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. A case report on gastroesophageal side effects management without renouncing clozapine's effectiveness
Authors: Accinni Tommaso , Frascarelli Marianna , Ghezzi Francesco , Panzera Alessia , Buzzanca Antonino , Fanella Martina , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Carlone Luca , Girardi Nicoletta , Pasquini Massimo , Di Fabio Fabio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite entailing more severe and uncommon side effects in 22q11.2DS compared to idiopathic schizophrenia, we strongly believe that clozapine should continue to be considered the gold standard for all treatment‐resistant schizophrenia, even in 22qDS.
Mixed medullary—papillary thyroid carcinoma with mixed lymph node metastases: A case report
Authors: Guerreiro Vanessa , Costa Cláudia , Oliveira Joana , Santos Ana Paula , Farinha Mónica , Jácome Manuel , Freitas Paula , Carvalho Davide , Torres Isabel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMixed medullary‐follicular‐derived carcinoma is a very rare event. It is extremely important to make the correct diagnosis, due to prognostic and treatment implications. A genetic study of these patients is advisable to exclude the presence of MEN 2.
Low back pain in beta thalassemia major revealing sacral extramedullay hematopoeisis: A case report
Authors: Ahmad Rita W. , Okar Lina A. , Elhiday Abdelhaleem , Almasri Hussam , Ata Fateen , Ahmed Mounir Elsayed , Barah Ali , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Gamil Amna , Sharaf Eldean Mouhammad Z. , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a well‐known complication of beta thalassemia major and frequently occurs in typical sites such as liver or spleen. However, when presenting in unusual sites as sacrum, other diagnosis should be excluded by histopathology prior to deciding on treatment plan.
Ectopic pregnancy in noncommunicating horn of unicornuate uterus: 3D‐ultrasound and primary laparoscopic management
Authors: Dhanawat Juhi , Pape Julian , Stuhlmann‐Laeisz Christiane , Maass Nicolai , Freytag Damaris , Gitas Georgios , Alkatout Ibrahim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnicornuate uterus with pregnancy in the noncommunicating rudimentary horn is extremely rare. Diagnosis requires awareness, high suspicion index, 3D ultrasound, and MRI. If missed, it can be catastrophic. Treatment varies across literature. We present a case where detection was done by 3D ultrasound and primary laparoscopic surgery done for treatment.
The Promiscuous Activity of the Radical SAM Enzyme NosL toward Two Unnatural Substrates
Authors: Yin Yue , Ji Xinjian , Zhang Qi 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe radical S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme NosL catalyzes the conversion of L‐tryptophan (L‐Trp, 1) to 3‐methyl‐2‐indolic acid (MIA, 2), a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of the peptide antibiotic nosiheptide. Previous study showed that this remarkable recombination reaction starts from the cleavage of the Cα—COO– bond to result in a •CO2− radical migration. In contrast to the radical SAM tyrosine lyases, NosL appears unable to cleave the Cα—Cβ bond, which is intrinsically more favorable to be cleaved than the Cα—COO– bond. In this study, we investigate the NosL activity with tryptamine (11) and tryptophol (12), two L‐Trp analogues lacking a carboxylate moiety. We showed that NosL cleaves the C1—C2 bond of these two substrates to produce 3‐methylindole (7), suggesting that the enzyme can still catalyze a β‐scission when the carboxyl group of Trp is absent. We also showed the enzyme exhibits a promiscuous activity, initiating the reaction by abstracting hydrogen atoms from two different sites to produce two sets of products.
Epigenetic age acceleration, fatigue, and inflammation in patients undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: A longitudinal study
Authors: Xiao Canhua , Beitler Jonathan J. , Peng Gang , Levine Morgan E. , Conneely Karen N. , Zhao Hongyu , Felger Jennifer C. , Wommack Evanthia C. , Chico Cynthia E. , Jeon Sangchoon , Higgins Kristin A. , Shin Dong M. , Saba Nabil F. , Burtness Barbara A. , Bruner Deborah W. , Miller Andrew H. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe authors measured epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) during and after cancer treatment and its association with inflammation and fatigue, which is a debilitating symptom in patients with cancer.MethodsPatients who had head and neck cancer without distant metastases were assessed before, immediately after, and at 6 months and 12 months postradiotherapy. Blood DNA methylation was assessed using a proprietary bead chip (the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip). EAA was calculated using the Levine epigenetic clock (DNAmPhenoAge), adjusted for chronological age. Fatigue was assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory‐20. Inflammatory markers were measured using standard techniques.ResultsMost patients (N = 133) were men, White, had advanced disease, and received concurrent chemoradiation. EAA changes over time were significant, with the largest increase (4.9 years) observed immediately after radiotherapy (P < .001). Increased EAA was associated with elevated fatigue (P = .003) over time, and patients who had severe fatigue experienced 3.1 years higher EAA than those who had low fatigue (P < .001), which was more prominent (5.6 years; P = .018) for patients who had human papillomavirus‐unrelated disease at 12 months posttreatment. EAA was also positively associated with inflammatory markers, including C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), over time (P < .001), and patients who had high CRP and IL‐6 levels exhibited increases of 4.6 and 5.9 years, respectively, in EAA compared with those who had low CRP and IL‐6 levels (P < .001). CRP and IL‐6 mediated the association between EAA and fatigue (CRP: 95% CI, 0.060‐0.279; IL‐6: 95% CI, 0.024‐0.220).ConclusionsPatients with head and neck cancer experienced increased EAA, especially immediately after treatment completion. EAA was associated with greater fatigue and inflammation, including 1 year after treatment. Inflammation may be a target to reduce the impact of age acceleration on poor functional outcomes.
Inclusion of Infants and Neonates in Pediatric Orphan Product Approvals
Authors: Park Kyunghun , Virparia Riddhi , Green Dionna J. , Epps Carla , Wharton Gerold T. , McCune Susan K. , Burckart Gilbert J. 
Published: May 2021

The Orphan Drug Act (ODA) of 1983 was enacted to provide financial incentives to drug sponsors to develop therapies for rare diseases. Although this act increased the number of orphan products approved, there are still a limited number of products available for the pediatric population because orphan drug products are exempt from the Pediatric Research Equity Act. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the pediatric orphan drug studies submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the period of 2007–2018 and (ii) to examine whether orphan drug products were fully labeled with a pediatric indication in infants and neonates. Out of the 468 indications evaluated, 171 (37%) were FDA‐labeled for use in the pediatric population. Labeling for the 12 to < 18 years age group was most common (98%). Fifty‐two percent of FDA‐labeled pediatric indications included the newborn to < 2 years of age group. In this newborn to < 2 years age group, the indication was labeled without pivotal clinical trials in 43% of the programs. Of the 60 new indications not labeled down to birth, 50% were found to have an age of onset and diagnosis that occurs earlier than the age approved for use of the product for that indication. In summary, although the ODA has been successful in improving pediatric access to medications for rare diseases, our analysis identified the incomplete labeling for pediatric patients under 2 years of age. Strategies to include the birth to < 2 years old group of pediatric patients in orphan drug development programs should be explored.
Simulation modeling accounts for uncertainty while quantifying ecological effects of development alternatives
Authors: Fullman Timothy J. , Sullender Benjamin K. , Cameron Matthew D. , Joly Kyle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWildlife management often involves trade‐offs between protecting species and allowing human activities and development. Ideally, these decisions are guided by scientific studies that quantify the impacts of proposed actions on the environment. However, critical information to assess impacts of proposed activities may be lacking, such as certainty in where actions will take place, which may hinder a robust impact assessment. To address this issue, we present the Development Impacts Analysis (DIA), which employs Monte Carlo simulation modeling to quantify the environmental consequences of proposed development scenarios, while accounting for uncertainty in the exact location of future development. We applied the DIA to five proposed oil leasing management scenarios under a revised management plan for the National Petroleum Reserve—Alaska. For each management scenario with differing levels of proposed development (“alternatives”), oil production pads and roads were randomly simulated in proportion to estimated undiscovered oil and following alternative‐specific restrictions. We assessed habitat displacement for two caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herds, eight shorebird species, and black brant (Branta bernicla) based on reported responses to development, repeating the process 100 times for each alternative. Some habitat loss was reported for each proposed alternative, but the amount of impact varied by alternative and species. One caribou herd and most bird species indicated greatest effects in the alternative with the least restrictions on development and lesser impacts under more protective alternatives. Our results emphasized the importance of considering spatial variation in development effects and species‐specific differences when evaluating management proposals. The DIA quantified potential impacts on a suite of species under proposed management alternatives, while accounting for uncertainty in where development will occur and providing confidence intervals on estimated impacts. This illustrates that uncertainty need not preclude management decisions about establishment of broad land use restrictions prior to submission of project‐level proposals but can instead be explicitly incorporated into decision making. While no single management approach will likely benefit all species, use of tools such as the DIA allows managers to quantify trade‐offs among species and pursue approaches that balance the needs of various taxa and other management objectives.
Luminescent Imidazolium Salts as Bright Multi‐Faceted Tools for Biology
Authors: Berthiot Romain , del Giudice Nicolas , Douce Laurent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLight and cognate phenomena, e. g., luminescence are powerful tools endowed with great sensitivity to explore the infinitely small. Molecular salts, especially those based on imidazolium units, are granted with original properties and structural versatility. Associated with fluorophores, they constitute highly bioavailable platforms. Their interactions with negatively charged species and biological membranes as well as their controllable cytotoxicity imparted their applications as anion receptors, but also a promising potential as antibacterial and anticancer agents whose mechanism of action can be observed using luminescence, opening the possibility of theranostics (therapy and diagnosis). One of the other assets of imidazolium salts is their flexible amphipathic character which promotes their self‐organizations into liquid‐crystal mesophases and their ability to mimic lipids. Combining luminescence to these amphipathic properties opens new prospects, e. g., following gene or drug delivery inside cells. These salts, all‐in‐one, should lead to new tools for biologists, as well as active theranostic molecules.
Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Cyclobutanones by a Suzuki Reaction and Dephosphorylation Sequence
Authors: Koudelka Jakub , Tobrman Tomáš 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report a novel process for the preparation of 2‐substituted cyclobutanones. Such a method relies on the cross‐coupling reaction of bromocyclobutenyl diethyl phosphate with either boronic acids or organozinc reagents. Dephosphorylation of the prepared 2‐substituted cyclobutenyl phosphates affords 2‐substituted cyclobutanones. We observed that the course of the dephosphorylation reaction depends on the properties of the substituents found on the cyclobutene nucleus. The presence of groups capable of stabilizing the negative charge is necessary for ring opening of cyclobutanones. The scope of the reported process for the preparation of 2‐substituted cyclobutanones has also been extended to the preparation of cyclobutenyl sulfides.
The opioid antagonist naltrexone decreases seizure‐like activity in genetic and chemically induced epilepsy models
Authors: Sturgeon Morgan L. , Langton Rachel , Sharma Shaunik , Cornell Robert A. , Glykys Joseph , Bassuk Alexander G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveA significant number of epileptic patients fail to respond to available anticonvulsive medications. To find new anticonvulsive medications, we evaluated FDA‐approved drugs not known to be anticonvulsants. Using zebrafish larvae as an initial model system, we found that the opioid antagonist naltrexone exhibited an anticonvulsant effect. We validated this effect in three other epilepsy models and present naltrexone as a promising anticonvulsive candidate.MethodsCandidate anticonvulsant drugs, determined by our prior transcriptomics analysis of hippocampal tissue, were evaluated in a larval zebrafish model of human Dravet syndrome (scn1Lab mutants), in wild‐type zebrafish larvae treated with the pro‐convulsant drug pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), in wild‐type C57bl/6J acute brain slices exposed to PTZ, and in wild‐type mice treated with PTZ in vivo. Abnormal locomotion was determined behaviorally in zebrafish and mice and by field potential in neocortex layer IV/V and CA1 stratum pyramidale in the hippocampus.ResultsThe opioid antagonist naltrexone decreased abnormal locomotion in the larval zebrafish model of human Dravet syndrome (scn1Lab mutants) and wild‐type larvae treated with the pro‐convulsant drug PTZ. Naltrexone also decreased seizure‐like events in acute brain slices of wild‐type mice, and the duration and number of seizures in adult mice injected with PTZ.SignificanceOur data reveal that naltrexone has anticonvulsive properties and is a candidate drug for seizure treatment.
The effect of asymmetric dune roughness on tidal asymmetry in the Weser estuary
Authors: Herrling Gerald , Becker Marius , Lefebvre Alice , Zorndt Anna , Krämer Knut , Winter Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe bed of estuaries is often characterized by ripples and dunes of varying size. Whereas smaller bedforms adapt their morphological shape to the oscillating tidal currents, large compound dunes (here: asymmetric tidal dunes) remain stable for periods longer than a tidal cycle. Bedforms constitute a form roughness, that is, hydraulic flow resistance, which has a large‐scale effect on tidal asymmetry and, hence, on hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphodynamics of estuaries and coastal seas. Flow separation behind the dune crest and recirculation on the steep downstream side result in turbulence and energy loss. Since the energy dissipation can be related to the dune lee slope angle, asymmetric dune shapes induce variable flow resistance during ebb and flood phases. Here, a noncalibrated numerical model has been applied to analyze the large‐scale effect of symmetric and asymmetric dune shapes on estuarine tidal asymmetry evaluated by residual bed load sediment transport at the Weser estuary, Germany. Scenario simulations were performed with parameterized bed roughness of symmetric and asymmetric dune shapes and without dune roughness. The spatiotemporal interaction of distinct dune shapes with the main drivers of estuarine sediment and morphodynamics, that is, river discharge and tidal energy, is shown to be complex but substantial. The contrasting effects of flood‐ and ebb‐oriented asymmetric dunes on residual bed load transport rates and directions are estimated to be of a similar importance as the controls of seasonal changes of discharge on these net sediment fluxes at the Lower Weser estuary. This corroborates the need to consider dune‐induced directional bed roughness in numerical models of estuarine and tidal environments.
Enzymatic browning in relation to permeation of oxygen into the kernel of postharvest areca nut under different storage temperatures
Authors: Pan Yonggui , Guo Yuting , Huang Qun , Zhang Weimin , Zhang Zhengke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrevious study indicates that kernel of areca nut is susceptible to enzymatic browning caused by phenolic oxidation, which involves the ingression of oxygen into interior tissue. However, the reason for permeation of oxygen into the interior of areca nut and its possible influencing factors (e.g., temperatures) are little known. In the present study, we set three storage temperatures (25, 10, and 5°C) and investigated the effects on kernel browning and related physic‐biochemical and tissue morphological changes. The results showed that the most severe kernel browning was observed in areca nut stored at 25°C, followed by 5°C. Comparatively, a slower browning development was found in areca nut stored at 10°C. More serious kernel browning at 25 and 5°C might be attributed to increased membrane permeability and aggravated tissue damage in view of morphological observations on pericarp, mesocarp, and kernel shell. Higher lignin content and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity were observed in mesocarp of areca nuts stored at 25 and 5°C as compared to 10°C, indicating that mesocarp lignification could facilitate the permeability of oxygen. Furthermore, the data showed that storage at 25 and 5°C induced the higher polyphenol oxidase activity while accelerating the decline in total phenolic content in areca nut kernel, which could contribute to higher occurrence of enzymatic browning reaction compared to that at 10°C. These results suggest that natural senescence at 25°C and severe chilling stress at 5°C could be influencing factors triggering the permeation of oxygen, leading to internal kernel browning in areca nut.