bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medizinstudierende als Helfende in der Pandemie
Authors: Vogt Lina , Schmidt Michelle , Klasen Martin , Bickenbach Johannes , Marx Gernot , Sopka Saša 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat das deutsche Gesundheitssystem vor enorme Herausforderungen gestellt und den Bedarf an Strategien zu Rekrutierung, Schulung und Einsatzplanung von medizinischem Personal verdeutlicht. Bislang existierte kein ganzheitliches Konzept, welches Medizinstudierende als Unterstützung der Fachkräfte auf Intensivstationen (ICU) einsetzt, um Personalengpässe in der medizinischen Versorgung zu vermeiden.

Methode
In einem groß angelegten Pilotprojekt wurden 265 Medizinstudierende für den Einsatz auf ICU trainiert. Begleitet wurde das innovative Schulungsmodul mit einem Prä-post-Fragebogen zur Selbsteinschätzung über die erlernten Fertigkeiten. 22 Wochen nach dem Schulungsmodul und noch während des Pandemieeinsatzes wurden mit einem weiteren Fragebogen Erfahrungen im Einsatz und Effizienz des Trainingsmoduls in Bezug auf die Vorbereitung für den ICU-Einsatz evaluiert.

Ergebnisse
Die Analyse ergab signifikante Mittelwertdifferenzen für alle COVID-19-spezifischen Variablen (Sicherheitsdimension) zugunsten des Schulungsmoduls (n = 168). Die Einsatzevaluation zeigte für n = 69 von insgesamt 89 eingesetzten Studierenden eine uneinheitliche Bewertung des Schulungskonzeptes als Vorbereitung auf den Arbeitseinsatz (53 % Zustimmung/47 % Ablehnung).

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine gute Realisierbarkeit des innovativen Trainingskonzeptes für Medizinstudierende in Bezug auf einen Pandemieeinsatz als Helfende auf Intensivstationen. Das Konzept ist geeignet, um zusätzliche Hilfskräfte während einer Pandemie auf den Intensivstationen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die uneinheitliche Bewertung deutet jedoch auf Anpassungsbedarf des Konzeptes hin.
Considerations on the Demography of BIA-ALCL in European Countries Based on an E(A)SAPS Survey
Authors: Stark Birgit , Magnéli Martin , van Heijningen Ivar , Parreira Carlos , Bösch Urs , Rouif Michel , Halle Martin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
A growing body of evidence indicates that breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is associated with the use of certain breast implants. Regional variations have been reported, and a genetic susceptibility has also been suggested. However, large variations in the ability to correctly diagnose BIA-ALCL and to further report and register cases exist between countries and may in part explain variations in the demography.

Material and Methods
A survey was conducted by The European Association of Societies of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery E(A)SAPS and sent to 48 European countries. The primary aim was to identify the total number of confirmed cases of and deaths from BIA-ALCL in each country during four consecutive measurements over a two-year period.

Results
An increase in BIA-ALCL cases during four repeated measurements from a total of 305 in April 2019 to 434 in November 2020 was reported by 23 of the 33 responding countries. A nearly 100-fold variation in the number of cases per million inhabitants was noted, where Netherlands had the highest rate (4.12) followed by Finland (1.99). Countries with the lowest reported rates were Austria (0.078), Romania (0.052) and Turkey (0.048).

Conclusion
The current study displays a notable variation ßin the number of confirmed BIA-ALCL cases across Europe, even for countries with established breast implant registers. Variations in diagnosis and reporting systems may explain the differences, but the influence of genetic variations and the prevalence of high-risk implants cannot be excluded. Incomplete sales data along with medical tourism preclude an absolute risk assessment.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Prostatic Artery Embolization Versus Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: A Post Hoc Cost Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Capdevila Ferran , Insausti Iñigo , Galbete Arkaitz , Sanchez-Iriso Eduardo , Montesino Manuel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To perform a post hoc analysis of patient-incurred costs in a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing prostatic artery embolization (PAE) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Materials and Methods
Patients older than 60 years with indication of TURP were randomized to PAE or TURP procedure. After intervention and hospital discharge, patients were follow-up during 12 months The associated patient costs were categorized according to the study period: pre-intervention, intervention, hospitalization, and follow-up. Several items for both groups were analyzed within each study period.

Results
The mean total costs per patient were lower for PAE (€ 3,192.87) than for TURP (€ 3,974.57), with this difference of € 781.70 being significant (p = 0.026). For most evaluated items, the mean costs were significantly higher for TURP. No significant differences were observed in the mean costs of PAE (€ 1,468.00) and TURP (€ 1,684.25) procedures (p = 0.061). However, the histopathology analysis, recovery room stay, and intraoperative laboratory analysis increased the interventional costs for TURP (€ 1,999.70) compared with PAE (€ 1,468.00) (p < 0.001). No cost differences were observed between PAE (€ 725.26) and TURP (€ 556.22) during the 12 months of follow-up (p = 0.605). None of patients required a repeat intervention during the study period.

Conclusions
Considering the short-term follow-up, PAE was associated with significantly lower costs compared with TURP. Future investigations in the context of routine clinical practice should be aimed at comparing the long-term effectiveness of both procedures and determining their cost-effectiveness.
Level of evidence: Level 1 (a-c)
Relationship between retinal fluid and visual acuity in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal aflibercept using a treat-and-extend regimen: subgroup and post-hoc analyses from the ALTAIR study
Authors: Ohji Masahito , Okada Annabelle A. , Sasaki Koji , Moon SungChul Charles , Machewitz Tobias , Takahashi Kanji ,   the ALTAIR Investigators
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the relationship between retinal fluid status and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients treated with intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) treat-and-extend (T&E) in the ALTAIR study.

Methods
Outcomes were investigated according to overall fluid status at week 16 (predefined) and the relationship between any fluid, intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), or pigment epithelial detachment with BCVA at baseline, and weeks 16, 52, and 96 (post-hoc). The analyses involved treatment-naïve patients (N = 246) with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), aged ≥ 50 years with BCVA of 73–25 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters, who participated in the ALTAIR study.

Results
The mean (standard deviation) change in BCVA from baseline to week 52 was + 10.6 (10.9) and + 6.5 (16.0) letters in patients without and with fluid at week 16, respectively; and to week 96 was + 9.1 (14.3) and + 4.3 (16.1) letters in patients without and with fluid at week 16, respectively. The last injection interval was 16 weeks in 33.6% and 2.0% (week 52), and 62.9% and 17.6% (week 96) of patients without or with fluid at week 16, respectively. At baseline, 35.7% of patients had IRF and 85.2% of patients had SRF, which decreased to 11.8% (IRF) and 31.7% (SRF) of patients, 8.5% (IRF) and 18.7% (SRF), and 6.5% (IRF) and 20.7% (SRF) at weeks 16, 52, and 96, respectively. Presence of IRF at all timepoints was associated with poorer BCVA than if IRF was absent, while the presence of SRF was not associated with poorer BCVA compared with the absence of SRF.

Conclusion
IVT-AFL T&E dosing was effective at clearing fluid regardless of fluid type in ~ 80% of patients with exudative AMD. Patients without fluid at week 16 had numerically better BCVA than those with fluid at week 16. Over 60% of patients without fluid at week 16 achieved the maximum treatment interval of 16 weeks by study end, compared with < 20% of patients with fluid at week 16. IRF (weeks 16, 52, 96), although evident in a small number of patients, was associated with poorer BCVA, whereas SRF was not.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02305238
Evolution of superficial spreading melanoma to resemble desmoplastic melanoma: case report
Authors: Cook Martin G. , Powell Barry W. E. M. , Grant Megan E. , Green Adele C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDesmoplastic melanoma commonly occurs on the head and neck in a pure form, but occasionally, it occurs in a mixed tumor with another type, usually superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), and rarely as a metastasis from a primary SSM. We report here a primary SSM on the leg of a 32-year-old male which metastasised to lymph nodes, and 10 years later recurred at the primary site initially with mixed features but evolving to resemble a uniformly desmoplastic, deeply invasive melanoma. This unusual case has implications for clinical management and is additionally notable for its reversal in behavior, from metastatic to local infiltrative type, correlating with the change in morphology.
Colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms impairs survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Himmelsbach Vera , Knabe Mate , Ferstl Phillip G. , Peiffer Kai-Henrik , Stratmann Jan A. , Wichelhaus Thomas A. , Hogardt Michael , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Zeuzem Stefan , Waidmann Oliver , Finkelmeier Fabian , Ballo Olivier 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
MDRO-colonization has been shown to impair survival in patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors as well as in patients with liver disease. Despite the increasing spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), its impact on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been studied. We conducted this retrospective study to analyze the impact of MDRO-colonization on overall prognosis in HCC patients.

Materials and methods
All patients with confirmed HCC diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2017 at the University Hospital Frankfurt were included in this study. HCC patients with a positive MDRO screening before or within the first 90 days after diagnosis of HCC were defined as colonized HCC patients, HCC patients with a negative MDRO screening were defined as noncolonized HCC patients.

Results
59 (6%) colonized and 895 (94%) noncolonized HCC patients were included. Enterobacterales with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-like phenotype with or without resistance to fluoroquinolones (ESBL/ ± FQ) were the most frequently found MDRO with 59%, followed by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with 37%. Colonized HCC patients had more severe cirrhosis and more advanced HCC stage compared to noncolonized HCC patients. Colonized HCC patients showed an impaired survival with a median OS of 189 days (6.3 months) compared to a median OS of 1001 days (33.4 months) in noncolonized HCC patients. MDRO-colonization was identified as an independent risk factor associated with survival in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
MDRO-colonization is an independent risk factor for survival in patients with HCC highlighting the importance of regular MDRO screening, isolation measures as well as interdisciplinary antibiotic steward-ship programs to guide responsible use of antibiotic agents.
Linking gas and particle ejection dynamics to boundary conditions in scaled shock-tube experiments
Authors: Cigala Valeria , Kueppers Ulrich , Fernández Juan José Peña , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPredicting the onset, style and duration of explosive volcanic eruptions remains a great challenge. While the fundamental underlying processes are thought to be known, a clear correlation between eruptive features observable above Earth’s surface and conditions and properties in the immediate subsurface is far from complete. Furthermore, the highly dynamic nature and inaccessibility of explosive events means that progress in the field investigation of such events remains slow. Scaled experimental investigations represent an opportunity to study individual volcanic processes separately and, despite their highly dynamic nature, to quantify them systematically. Here, impulsively generated vertical gas-particle jets were generated using rapid decompression shock-tube experiments. The angular deviation from the vertical, defined as the “spreading angle”, has been quantified for gas and particles on both sides of the jets at different time steps using high-speed video analysis. The experimental variables investigated are 1) vent geometry, 2) tube length, 3) particle load, 4) particle size, and 5) temperature. Immediately prior to the first above-vent observations, gas expansion accommodates the initial gas overpressure. All experimental jets inevitably start with a particle-free gas phase (gas-only), which is typically clearly visible due to expansion-induced cooling and condensation. We record that the gas spreading angle is directly influenced by 1) vent geometry and 2) the duration of the initial gas-only phase. After some delay, whose length depends on the experimental conditions, the jet incorporates particles becoming a gas-particle jet. Below we quantify how our experimental conditions affect the temporal evolution of these two phases (gas-only and gas-particle) of each jet. As expected, the gas spreading angle is always at least as large as the particle spreading angle. The latter is positively correlated with particle load and negatively correlated with particle size. Such empirical experimentally derived relationships between the observable features of the gas-particle jets and known initial conditions can serve as input for the parameterisation of equivalent observations at active volcanoes, alleviating the circumstances where an a priori knowledge of magma textures and ascent rate, temperature and gas overpressure and/or the geometry of the shallow plumbing system is typically chronically lacking. The generation of experimental parameterisations raises the possibility that detailed field investigations on gas-particle jets at frequently erupting volcanoes might be used for elucidating subsurface parameters and their temporal variability, with all the implications that may have for better defining hazard assessment.
Possible role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria in the recruitment of endophytic bacterial communities by plant roots
Authors: Ujvári Gergely , Turrini Alessandra , Avio Luciano , Agnolucci Monica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent an important group of root symbionts, given the key role they play in the enhancement of plant nutrition, health, and product quality. The services provided by AMF often are facilitated by large and diverse beneficial bacterial communities, closely associated with spores, sporocarps, and extraradical mycelium, showing different functional activities, such as N2 fixation, nutrient mobilization, and plant hormone, antibiotic, and siderophore production and also mycorrhizal establishment promotion, leading to the enhancement of host plant performance. The potential functional complementarity of AMF and associated microbiota poses a key question as to whether members of AMF-associated bacterial communities can colonize the root system after establishment of mycorrhizas, thereby becoming endophytic. Root endophytic bacterial communities are currently studied for the benefits provided to host plants in the form of growth promotion, stress reduction, inhibition of plant pathogens, and plant hormone release. Their quantitative and qualitative composition is influenced by many factors, such as geographical location, soil type, host genotype, and cultivation practices. Recent data suggest that an additional factor affecting bacterial endophyte recruitment could be AMF and their associated bacteria, even though the mechanisms allowing members of AMF-associated bacterial communities to actually establish in the root system, becoming endophytic, remain to be determined. Given the diverse plant growth–promoting properties shown by AMF-associated bacteria, further studies are needed to understand whether AMF may represent suitable tools to introduce beneficial root endophytes in sustainable and organic agriculture where the functioning of such multipartite association may be crucial for crop production.
Effect of locally delivered adjunctive antibiotics during surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yusri Sarah , Elfana Ahmed , Elbattawy Weam , Fawzy El-Sayed Karim M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aim
The present study aimed to systematically assess current evidence on effects of locally delivered antibiotics during periodontal surgery compared to periodontal surgery alone on clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, recession depth (RD) changes, gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI).

Methodology
MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane-CENTRAL and Scopus databases were searched up to April 2021 for randomized clinical trials (RCT), evaluating effects of locally delivered antibiotics during periodontal surgery. CAL gain served as primary, while PPD reduction, RD changes, GI and PI as secondary outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess possible bias. Data were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed where appropriate.

Result
Screening of 2314 papers resulted in nine eligible studies. No adverse events were reported. Data on outcome variables were pooled and analyzed using generic inverse variance model and presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Statistically significant improvements in favor of antibiotics’ delivery were observed in studies with follow-up of ≤6 months for CAL gain (WMD = 0.61 mm (95% CI [0.07, 1.14]; p = 0.03), PPD reduction (WMD = 0.41 mm (95% CI [0.02, 0.80]; p = 0.04)) and BOP (WMD = −28.47% (95% CI [−33.00, −23.94]); p < 0.001), while for GI improvements were notable for >6 to 12 months (WMD = −0.27 (95% CI [−0.49, −0.06]; p = 0.01)).

Conclusion
Within the current review’s limitations, locally delivered antibiotics during surgical periodontal therapy results in post-surgical improvements for CAL, PPD, and BOP (≤6 months) with a longer-lasting GI improvement. Further randomized controlled trials are needed with true periodontal end-points to assess the ideal antibiotic agent, dosage, and delivery methods.

Clinical relevance
Local delivery of antibiotics during periodontal surgery improved clinical parameters for up to 6-month follow-up, with beneficial longer effects on gingival inflammation. Within the current study’s limitation, the presented evidence could support the elective usage of locally delivered antibiotics during surgical periodontal therapy.
MoS2-based nanocomposites: synthesis, structure, and applications in water remediation and energy storage: a review
Authors: Abdel Maksoud M. I. A. , Bedir Ahmed G. , Bekhit Mohamad , Abouelela Marwa Mohamed , Fahim Ramy Amer , Awed A. S. , Attia Sayed Y. , Kassem Said M. , Elkodous M. Abd , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , Mohamed Saad G. , Osman Ahmed I. , Al-Muhtaseb Ala’a H. , Rooney David W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe world is currently facing critical water and energy issues due to the growing population and industrialization, calling for methods to obtain potable water, e.g., by photocatalysis, and to convert solar energy into fuels such as chemical or electrical energy, then storing this energy. Energy storage has been recently improved by using electrochemical capacitors and ion batteries. Research is actually focusing on the synthesis of materials and hybrids displaying improved electronic, physiochemical, electrical, and optical properties. Here, we review molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) materials and hybrids with focus on synthesis, electronic structure and properties, calculations of state, bandgap and charge density profiles, and applications in energy storage and water remediation.
Grid independent convergence using multilevel circulant preconditioning: Poisson’s equation
Authors: Brandén Henrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider the iterative solution of the discrete Poisson’s equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The discrete domain is embedded into an extended domain and the resulting system of linear equations is solved using a fixed point iteration combined with a multilevel circulant preconditioner. Our numerical results show that the rate of convergence is independent of the grid’s step sizes and of the number of spatial dimensions, despite the fact that the iteration operator is not bounded as the grid is refined. The embedding technique and the preconditioner is derived with inspiration from theory of boundary integral equations. The same theory is used to explain the behaviour of the preconditioned iterative method.
An Assessment of Mental Health Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Magalhaes Edward , Stoner Alexis , Palmer Joshua , Schranze Robert , Grandy Savannah , Amin Shilpa , Cheng Ning 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn late 2019, the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China. Soon after, cases began to spread globally. This study aimed to examine the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the adult population in the United States. We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study using an anonymous online survey methodology distributed to participants across 13 states. The data collected included demographical information and outcomes from validated mental health screeners (GAD-7, PHQ-9, and IES-R) to assess levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. A total of 1356 participants completed the survey. GAD-7, PHQ-9, and IES-R levels differed significantly (p < 0.05) according to age, gender, and educational level. There was also significant difference between GAD-7 level as well as IES-R level between healthcare and non-healthcare workers (p = 0.02 and p = 0.028). Overall, this study has helped to garner a better understanding of COVID-19’s impact on mental health outcomes.