bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Long-term Spatial and Temporal Analysis of NDVI Changes in Java Island Using Google Earth Engine
Authors: Benedict  , Jaelani Lalu Muhamad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Java is Indonesia’s and the world’s most populous island. The increase in population on the island of Java reduces the area of forest and other vegetation covers. Landslides, floods, and other natural disasters are caused by reduced vegetation cover. Furthermore, it has the potential to lead to the extinction of flora and fauna. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can be used to monitor the vegetation cover. This study analyzes the NDVI changes value from 2005 to 2020 using Terra and Aqua MODIS image data processed using Google Earth Engine. Processing was carried out in some stages: down-setting, performing NDVI processing, calculating monthly average NDVI, calculating annual average NDVI, and analyzing. From the study results, the NDVI value of Terra and Aqua MODIS data has a solid but imperfect correlation coefficient due to differences in orbital time which causes differences in solar zenith angle, sensor viewing angle, and azimuth angle. Then from this study, it was found that overall, changes in vegetation density cover on the island of Java decreased, which was indicated by the NDVI decline rate of -0.00047/year. The most significant decrease in NDVI value occurred in the period 2015–2016, covering an area of 13994.630 km2, and the most significant increase in NDVI occurred in the period 2010–2011, covering an area of 2256.101 km2.
Development of Google Earth Engine Fire Weather Index Calculator for Indonesian Fire Danger Rating System
Authors: Matondang J S , Sanjaya H , Arifandri R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tropical peatlands make up almost ten percent of the land surface in Indonesia, making peat fires detrimental not only for global atmospheric carbon levels, but also to public health and socioeconomic activities in the region. Indonesian Fire Danger Rating System (FDRS) was developed based on the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System (CFFWIS), using three different fuel codes and three indices representing fire behaviour. Daily Fire Weather Index (FWI) calculation is done by the Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) with data from its synoptic weather stations network. Distribution of such weather stations are sparse, therefore this paper reports on the development of Fire Weather Index calculator on Google Earth Engine, using high resolution weather data, provided by weather model and remote-sensing open datasets. The resulting application is capable of generating daily maps of FWI components to be used by the Indonesian Fire Danger Rating System.
Displacement Velocity and Strain Analysis of Opak Fault Monitoring Stations
Authors: Widjajanti Nurrohmat , Nata Bayu , Parseno  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Opak Fault is an active fault that can potentially cause earthquakes in Yogyakarta. Periodic monitoring of the Opak Fault activity was previously used more GNSS observation data from the measurement campaign by the Geodesi Geometri dan Geodesi Fisis (GGGF) Laboratory Team, Geodetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada. However, there are several CORS BIG stations located in Yogyakarta. The CORS BIG data is used to increase the precision of the Opak Fault monitoring station. Therefore, the addition of the CORS is evaluated to obtain a displacement in the monitoring station. The computation of the displacement velocity value of the Opak Fault monitoring station has been done before using the Linear Least Square Collocation and grid search methods. The other method, namely the kriging method, needs to be evaluated for producing a more precise displacement velocity value. The research data includes GNSS campaign and CORS BIG data for six years, 2013 to 2020. The CORS stations around DIY are JOGS and CBTL. The GNNS data were processed to determine the solution for the daily coordinate, displacement, and standard deviation values for each Opak Fault monitoring station. The displacement velocity value is generated by the Linear Least Square method then reduced from the influence of the Sunda Block. The velocity value is used in the strain value estimation around the Opak Fault area at each station using the kriging method combined with the gaussian sequential simulation technique. The estimated displacement velocities are examined for statistical significance compared to the research of Adam (2019) and Pinasti (2019). This research generates the value of the displacement velocity in the east and north components of 12.39 to 30.99 mm/year and 1.96 to -14.11 mm/year, respectively. The displacement direction of all monitoring stations is dominant to the southeast. The Sunda Block reduced the displacement velocity. The east and north components are -2.32 to 2.28 mm/year and -0.52 to 4.2 mm/year, respectively. The displacement direction is towards the northwest. The strain estimation using the kriging method combined with the gaussian sequential simulation technique obtained an average strain value of 0.05 microstrain/year. The result of the data processing at each station has different arrow lengths, meaning that each location has a different strain value.
Algebraic stability modes in rotational shear flow
Authors: Gebler T , Plümacher D , Kahle J , Oberlack M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigate the two-dimensional (2D) stability of rotational shear flows in an unbounded domain. The eigenvalue problem is formulated by using a novel algebraic mode decomposition distinct from the normal modes with temporal evolution

exp
(
ω
t
)

. Based on the work of Nold and Oberlack (2013 Phys. Fluids
25 104101), we show how these new modes can be constructed from the symmetries of the linearized stability equation. For the azimuthal base flow velocity

V
(
r
)
=

r

−
1

an additional symmetry exists, such that a mode with algebraic temporal evolution t

s
is found. s refers to an eigenvalue for the algebraic growth or decay of the kinetic energy of the perturbations. An eigenvalue problem for the viscous and inviscid stability using algebraic modes is formulated on an infinite domain with

r
→
∞

. An asymptotic analysis of the eigenfunctions shows that the flow is linearly stable under 2D perturbations. We find stable modes with the algebraic mode ansatz, which can not be obtained by a normal mode analysis. The stability results are in line with Rayleigh’s inflection point theorem.
Investigation of short-channel design on performance optimization effect of Hall thruster with large height–radius ratio
Authors: FAN Haotian , DING Yongjie , MO Chunjin , WEI Liqiu , LI Hong , YU Daren 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, the neutral gas distribution and steady-state discharge under different discharge channel lengths were studied via numerical simulations. The results show that the channel with a length of 22 mm has the advantage of comprehensive discharge performance. At this time, the magnetic field intensity at the anode surface is 10% of the peak magnetic field intensity. Further analysis shows that the high-gas-density zone moves outward due to the shortening of the channel length, which optimizes the matching between the gas flow field and the magnetic field, and thus increases the ionization rate. The outward movement of the main ionization zone also reduces the ion loss on the wall surface. Thus, the propellant utilization efficiency can reach a maximum of 96.8%. Moreover, the plasma potential in the main ionization zone will decrease with the shortening of the channel. The excessively short-channel will greatly reduce the voltage utilization efficiency. The thrust is reduced to a minimum of 46.1 mN. Meanwhile, because the anode surface is excessively close to the main ionization zone, the discharge reliability is also difficult to guarantee. It was proved that the performance of Hall thrusters can be optimized by shortening the discharge channel appropriately, and the specific design scheme of short-channel of HEP-1350PM was defined, which serves as a reference for the optimization design of Hall thruster with large height–radius ratio. The short-channel design also helps to reduce the thruster axial dimension, further consolidating the advantages of lightweight and large thrust-to-weight ratio of the Hall thruster with large height–radius ratio.
The oxidative cost of helping and its minimization in a cooperative breeder
Authors: Covas Rita , Lardy Sophie , Silva Liliana R , Rey Benjamin , Ferreira André C , Theron Franck , Tognetti Arnaud , Faivre Bruno , Doutrelant Claire 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCooperative actions are beneficial to the group, but presumably costly to the individual co-operators. In cooperatively breeding species, helping to raise young is thought to involve important energetic costs, which could lead to elevated exposure to reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress. However, identifying such costs can be difficult if individuals adjust their investment in helping in relation to environmental conditions or their own physiological condition. Experimental approaches are therefore required to quantify the costs of helping but, to date, these have been infrequent. Here, we combined correlational and experimental data to investigate the oxidative cost of helping-at-the-nest and how this affects helping decisions in wild sociable weavers Philetairus socius, a colonial cooperatively breeding bird. At the correlational level, we found that the probability of helping was influenced by the interaction of an individual’s oxidative state and age: compared to younger birds, older individuals were more likely to help when they had higher oxidative damage, and the opposite trend was found for younger individuals. After experimentally increasing the energetic cost of flight, manipulated helpers in breeding colonies decreased nestling feeding rates and incurred an increase in oxidative damage, which was not present in manipulated helpers in non-breeding colonies. This indicates that individuals decreased their helping behavior to minimize the associated costs. These results suggest that oxidative stress can influence helping decisions and underlie a trade-off between cooperation and self-maintenance, which is central to understanding when helping might take place in this and other species.
Establishing outcome measures in practice: Developing a model for services working therapeutically with children and families
Authors: Monson Tracey , Swords Lorraine , Spratt Trevor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Providers of therapeutic services to children and families have, in recent times, been subject to pressure to supplement traditional service output measures with evidence-based measures, which capture outcomes for service users. In this article, we report on the near decade long establishment of a range of standardised measures within an Irish non-governmental agency providing therapeutic help to children and families across two settings, family centres and early childhood development services. We describe the organisational conditions necessary for the introduction of standardised outcome measures and provide an illustrative overview of participant characteristics and some examples of key findings across both services as they relate to the important outcome domains of child and parent functioning. We further propose a model for the introduction and sustainability of outcome measures as a necessary and enduring feature of therapeutically orientated organisations providing services to children and families. Lastly, we identify organisational commitment to the development of outcome data, plans to ensure sustainable arrangements for ongoing data analysis, and conceptual linkage between evidence informed practice and the values of an organisation as key considerations.
Shared and distinct patterns of atypical cortical morphometry in children with autism and anxiety
Authors: Yin Shelly , Hong Seok-Jun , Di Martino Adriana , Milham Michael P , Park Bo-Yong , Benkarim Oualid , Bethlehem Richard A I , Bernhardt Boris C , Paquola Casey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety disorders (ANX) are common neurodevelopmental conditions with several overlapping symptoms. Notably, many children and adolescents with ASD also have an ANX diagnosis, suggesting shared pathological mechanisms. Here, we leveraged structural imaging and phenotypic data from 112 youth (33 ASD, 37 ANX, 42 typically developing controls) to assess shared and distinct cortical thickness patterns of the disorders. ANX was associated with widespread increases in cortical thickness, while ASD related to a mixed pattern of subtle increases and decreases across the cortical mantle. Despite the qualitative difference in the case–control contrasts, the statistical maps from the ANX-vs-controls and ASD-vs-controls analyses were significantly correlated when correcting for spatial autocorrelation. Dimensional analysis, regressing trait anxiety and social responsiveness against cortical thickness measures, partially recapitulated diagnosis-based findings. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for a common axis of neurodevelopmental disturbances as well as distinct effects of ASD and ANX on cortical thickness.
Supernodes: a generalization of the rich-club
Authors: Chan Su Yuan , Morgan Kerri , Parsons Nicholas , Ugon Julien 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, we present two new concepts related to subgraph counting where the focus is not on the number of subgraphs that are isomorphic to some fixed graph $H$, but on the frequency with which a vertex or an edge belongs to such subgraphs. In particular, we are interested in the case where $H$ is a complete graph. These new concepts are termed vertex participation and edge participation, respectively. We combine these concepts with that of the rich-club to identify what we call a Super rich-club and rich edge-club. We show that the concept of vertex participation is a generalization of the rich-club. We present experimental results on randomized Erdös–Rényi and Watts–Strogatz small-world networks. We further demonstrate both concepts on a complex brain network and compare our results to the rich-club of the brain.
Constructing the Classical Past: the Role of Landscape in Christopher Wordsworth’s Greece
Authors: Hollis Dawn L 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article examines the works of Christopher Wordsworth (1807–85), who has hitherto been neglected as an important and intriguing figure in the history of travel writing on Greece. His texts, which invite readers to ‘view’ the country from mountain-tops and to imagine its caves and quarries filled with ancient figures, highlight the importance of landscape as a frame for studying classical reception. Wordsworth ‘received’ ancient Greece through its visible, modern landscape in three ways: through a sense of the landscape as a container for memory, through the use of specific landscapes as springboard for ‘flights of fancy’ enabling a vivid engagement with the classical past, and as a tool for better interpreting and understanding the history and literature of the ancient Mediterranean. Christopher Wordsworth constructed a vision of ancient Greece for his readers through his description of the nineteenth-century landscape. As such he offers an important reminder to consider the role played by the embodied experience of space and place in analysing acts of classical reception.
Transitioning from Intravenous to Subcutaneous Vedolizumab in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease [TRAVELESS]
Authors: Ventress Esther , Young David , Rahmany Sohail , Harris Clare , Bettey Marion , Smith Trevor , Moyses Helen , Lech Magdalena , Gwiggner Markus , Felwick Richard , Cummings J R Fraser 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Subcutaneous [SC] vedolizumab presents the opportunity for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients to manage their treatment at home. There are currently no data on the process of transitioning patients established on intravenous [IV] to SC vedolizumab as part of routine clinical care. The aim of this programme is to evaluate the clinical and biochemical outcomes of switching a cohort of IBD patients established on IV vedolizumab to SC, at 12 weeks following the transition.

Methods
In all, 178 adult patients were offered the opportunity to transition to SC vedolizumab. Patients who agreed were reviewed prior to switching and at Week 12 [W12] after their first SC dose. Evaluation outcomes included disease activity scores, the IBD-Control Patient-Reported Outcome Measures [PROMs], and faecal calprotectin [FCP]. Reasons for patients declining or accepting transitioning, pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reactions, and risk factors for a poor outcome in SARS-CoV-2 infection were also assessed.

Results
A total of 124 patients agreed to transition, of whom 106 patients had been on IV vedolizumab for at least 4 months. There were no statistically significant differences in disease activity scores or IBD-Control PROMs between baseline and W12. A statistically significant increase in FCP was observed [31 µg/g vs. 47 µg/g; p = 0.008], although this was unlikely to be clinically relevant. The most common adverse drug reaction reported was injection site reactions [15%]. Based on this cohort of patients, an expected reduction of £572,000 per annum is likely to be achieved.

Conclusions
Transitioning patients established on IV vedolizumab to SC appears to be safe and effective, with high patient satisfaction and multiple benefits for the health service.
Tricuspid annuloplasty ring for external support of right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit
Authors: Soquet Jerome , Ricciardi Gabriella , Dupré Celine , Juthier Francis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We describe the use of a rigid tricuspid annuloplasty ring as an external support to avoid compression of a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit.
On the relationship between research parasites and fairness in machine learning: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Nieto Nicolás , Larrazabal Agostina , Peterson Victoria , Milone Diego H , Ferrante Enzo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Machine learning systems influence our daily lives in many different ways. Hence, it is crucial to ensure that the decisions and recommendations made by these systems are fair, equitable, and free of unintended biases. Over the past few years, the field of fairness in machine learning has grown rapidly, investigating how, when, and why these models capture, and even potentiate, biases that are deeply rooted not only in the training data but also in our society. In this Commentary, we discuss challenges and opportunities for rigorous posterior analyses of publicly available data to build fair and equitable machine learning systems, focusing on the importance of training data, model construction, and diversity in the team of developers. The thoughts presented here have grown out of the work we did, which resulted in our winning the annual Research Parasite Award that GigaSciencesponsors.
Effect of fault discretization on geodetic source inversion and usefulness of the trans-dimensional inversion approach
Authors: Kubo Hisahiko , Suzuki Wataru , Noda Akemi 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYEarthquake source inversion, which estimates the heterogeneous slip distribution on fault from geophysical data, is a fundamental technique for estimating earthquake rupture process and obtaining information about the physics of fault rupture. Source inversion requires the spatial discretization of fault, which can be performed uniformly and non-uniformly. Uniform fault discretization is a conventional approach that requires smoothing and/or non-negative constraints of slips as prior information to obtain a stable and reliable solution; however, the combination of uniform discretization and these prior constraints may distort a source-inversion solution. As a non-uniform discretization approach, source inversion using a trans-dimensional inversion approach has recently attracted attention. To study the effect of fault discretization on geodetic source inversion, through the analysis of geodetic data on the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake and synthetic tests, we investigated what kind of solution the conventional source inversion with uniform discretization and the trans-dimensional source inversion provide and what kind of uncertainty their solutions have. We found that the combination of uniform discretization and non-negative constraint led to excessively smooth solutions with poor data fit. Even without using the non-negative constraint, the conventional inversion with uniform discretization provided distorted and sometimes overfitted solutions, which could not be identified based on uncertainty information. In contrast, the trans-dimensional source inversion provided reasonable solutions composed only of meaningful slips, which were required to explain the data. We also found that uncertainty information depends on the source-inversion method; consequently, the evaluation of method-induced uncertainty is difficult. This suggests that we look at earthquake ruptures through the lens of source inversion with inherent method-dependent bias.
Exact and inexact Douglas–Rachford splitting methods for solving large-scale sparse absolute value equations
Authors: Chen Cairong , Yu Dongmei , Han Deren 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExact and inexact Douglas–Rachford splitting methods are developed to solve the large-scale sparse absolute value equation (AVE) $Ax - |x| =b$, where $A\in \mathbb {R}^{n\times n}$ and $b\in \mathbb {R}^n$. The inexact method adopts a relative error tolerance and, therefore, in the inner iterative processes, the LSQR method is employed to find a qualified approximate solution of each subproblem, resulting in a lower cost for each iteration. When $\|A^{-1}\|\le 1$ and the solution set of the AVE is nonempty, the algorithms are globally and linearly convergent. When $\|A^{-1}\|= 1$ and the solution set of the AVE is empty, the sequence generated by the exact algorithm diverges to infinity on a trivial example. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the viability and robustness of the proposed methods.
Association of Serum Hepatitis B Virus RNA With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Under Nucleos(t)ide Analogues Therapy
Authors: Liu Shi , Deng Rui , Zhou Bin , Liang Xieer , Liu Zhihong , Peng Jie , Chen Jinjun , Zhou Yuanping , Guo Yabing , Chen Yongpeng , Li Wanying , Shen Sheng , Lu Xingyu , Zhao Siru , Liao Xingmei , Liang Hongyan , Lan Yu , Hou Jinlin , Fan Rong , Sun Jian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Whether serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA associates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients has not been fully elucidated.

Methods
We enrolled 2974 patients receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) from a prospective, observational CHB cohort to investigate the effect of serum HBV RNA, measured at study entry (baseline), on HCC development, using Cox regression analyses.

Results
During median follow-up of 4.4 years, 90 patients developed HCC. Patients with detectable baseline HBV RNA (n = 2072) exhibited significantly higher HCC risk than those with undetectable level (5-year HCC incidence estimated by Kaplan-Meier method: 4.1% versus 1.8%, P = .009; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.21, P = .005). HBV RNA levels of 609–99 999 and ≥100 000 copies/mL were associated with incrementally increasing HCC risk (aHR = 2.15 and 3.05, respectively; P for trend = .003), compared to undetectable level (&lt;609 copies/mL). Moreover, patients with single-detectable either HBV DNA or RNA and double-detectable DNA and RNA had 1.57- and 4.02-fold higher HCC risk, respectively, than those with double-undetectable DNA and RNA (P for trend = .001).

Conclusions
High-level HBV RNA is associated with increased HCC risk in NAs-treated patients. Achieving undetectable HBV RNA may contribute to better clinical outcomes, indicating it could be a valuable endpoint of anti-HBV treatment.