bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute retrobulbar optic neuritis with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease complicated with microscopic polyangiitis
Authors: Asano Tomoyuki , Saito Yuzuka , Matsuoka Naoki , Temmoku Jumpei , Fujita Yuya , Hattori Kasumi , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Ojima Akira , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Matsumoto Haruki , Yashiro-Furuya Makiko , Sato Shuzo , Kobayashi Hiroko , Watanabe Hiroshi , Yano Kiori , Sasajima Tomomi , Fujihara Kazuo , Migita Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte protein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a new disease entity with various clinical phenotypes. MOGAD often present with recurrent optic neuritis (ON), and it can also develop as a compartment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Moreover, multiple autoantibodies such as an anti-myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) had been reported in the serum of patients with NMOSD.

Patient concerns:
We report an 86-year-old woman with a 2-year history of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). The patient had a rapid loss of vision in her left eye. No abnormal findings were observed on her left fundus, and she tested negative for MPO-ANCA upon admission. However, anti-MOG antibodies were observed in the patient's serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

Diagnosis:
A diagnosis of MOGAD complicated with MPA was made.

Interventions:
The patient received twice steroid pulse therapy and oral azathioprine as maintenance therapy.

Outcomes:
Her vision rapidly recovered, and no subsequent relapse was observed during the 8-month observation period.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of MOGAD complicated with MPA, and steroid pulse therapy and azathioprine therapy were effective for ON caused by MOGAD.
Use of Shenhuang paste on Shenque point improves chemotherapy induced gastrointestinal toxicity in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Rongyun , Shi Yanan , Xie Xiaohong , Ge Qinling , Xu Jingming , Sun Qiuhua , Xu Xiaohong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancer, a malignant disorder, occurs in the epithelial tissue of the breast gland. Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for breast cancer, however, the side effect, especially gastrointestinal dysfunction, due to chemotherapy still remain major problems. Traditional Chinese Medicine has been proven therapeutically effective on reducing adverse effects caused by chemotherapy. Shenhuang Plaster

Methods:
The study is a randomized, placebo-controlled, blind trial. A total of 160 Chinese breast cancer patients will be enrolled and randomly allocated into the experimental group and control group in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the experimental group will be prescribed Shenhuang plaster application on shenque point (CV8) plus chemotherapy treatment. Patients in the control group will be prescribed placebo plaster application on CV8 plus chemotherapy treatment. The acupoint application will last 3 days. The primary outcome will be the form of faces every day, and the secondary outcomes the symptom score of traditional Chinese medicine, the changes of fecal bacteria and metabolites, serum motilin, gastrin and ghrelin levels.

Discussion:
This study is to observe therapeutic effects with Shenhuang plaster application on CV8 to regulate chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in breast cancer patients.

Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=55262) No. ChiCTR2000034313. Registered on July 2, 2020.
Chronic kidney disease as a potential risk factor for retinal vascular disease
Authors: Lin Chun-Ju , Tien Peng-Tai , Lai Chun-Ting , Hsia Ning-Yi , Chang Cheng-Hsien , Yang Yu-Cih , Bair Henry , Chen Huan-Sheng , Wu Wen-Chuan , Tsai Yi-Yu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate whether patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of retinal vascular disease (RVD). Data was collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance system and included patients newly diagnosed with CKD between 2000 and 2012. The endpoint of interest was a diagnosis of RVD. Follow-up data of 85,596 patients with CKD and 85,596 matched comparisons (non-CKD) from 2000 to 2012 were analyzed. Patients with CKD were found to have a significantly higher cumulative incidence of RVD (Kaplan–Meier analysis, log-rank test P < .0001). Through multivariate Cox regression analysis, the CKD group was found to have higher risk of developing RVD (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.30 [2.16–2.44]) when compared to the control cohort. When comparison of CKD group and non-CKD group was stratified by gender, age and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia), the higher risk of RVD in patients with CKD remained significant in all subgroups. Patients with CKD were found to have higher risk of developing RVD in this cohort study. In addition, CKD imposed the same risk for RVD development in all age groups and in patients with or without hypertension or diabetes. Thus, patients with CKD should be vigilant for symptoms of RVD. Understanding the link between CKD and RVD could lead to the development of new treatment and screening strategies for both diseases.
Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes in neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Zhu Jiamin , Liang Xiao , Wu Dan , Chen Shusen , Yang Baixia , Mao Weidong , Shen Dong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and the survival outcomes of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC).

Methods:
Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute, we identified a total of 510 patients with NEPC between 2006 and 2015. Age-adjusted incidence rates were evaluated in the study by the SEER∗Stat Software version 8.3.6. Kaplan–Meier analysed assessed overall survival (OS) after stratification according to marital status, age, histologic subtype, metastatic status, and treatment. The significant differences were assessed in a log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate cox hazard regression analysis were performed to determine independent predictors of OS.

Results:
From a total of 560,124 patients with prostate cancer diagnosed between 2006 and 2015, we identified 510 cases of de novo NEPC. Regarding histology, among all the NEPC, 329 (64.5%) patients were diagnosed as small cell carcinoma, 181 (39.8%) were nonsmall cell carcinoma. The overall age-adjusted incidence of NEPC statistically significantly increased from 0.321/1,000,000 person-years in 2006 to 0.587/1,000,000 person-years in 2015. The median OS in our study cohort was 9 months (95% CI, 8–10 months). Multivariate cox regression analysis showed that age, histologic subtype, and stage were independent prognostic factors for NEPC patients. The majority of NEPC (78.2%) were metastatic at diagnosis. In terms of treatment, for metastatic tumor patients, chemotherapy was the most effective therapy. Chemotherapy increased the OS of patients with regional (distant) metastases from 8 months (5 months) to 13.5 months (9 months).

Conclusion:
NEPC is extremely rare but the incidence of NEPC has been increasing in the past years. The prognosis of NEPC is poor because most cases are diagnosed at metastatic stage. The patients with metastases are typically treated with chemotherapy and chemotherapy shows survival benefits in both regional and distant metastatic tumor patients.
Global research status of gastroenterology and hepatology
Authors: Yang Huai-Yu , Wang Dan , Chen Cui , Liu Yu , Han Chao , Gao Ye , Li Zhao-Shen , Liao Zhuan , Hu Liang-Hao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
There are no reports on global research status of gastroenterology and hepatology (GI). This study was conducted to reveal the current global research status and trends in GI.

Methods:
Articles published during 2009 to 2018 in international GI journals were retrieved from the PubMed database. The top 20 countries by output were determined. The gross domestic product (GDP) of each country was also retrieved to figure out the correlation between outputs in GI and economy. The 5 highest-ranking countries were compared in the number of total articles, articles per capita, articles published in top journals, the accumulated impact factor (IF), and average IF. Total articles and articles per capita of the 5 countries were conducted time-trend analysis. The frequently-used terms in titles and abstracts of articles published in 2009 and 2018 were retrieved to conduct co-occurrence analysis to figure out the change of research highlights in GI.

Results:
A total of 120,267 articles were included, of which 116,485 articles were from 20 highest-output countries. There was a positive correlation between output and GDP (r = 0.921, P < .001). The USA, Japan, China, Italy, and the UK were the 5 highest-ranking countries. The USA was the largest contributor with 26,215 articles, accounting for 17.4% of the total, but with no significant increasing trend (P = .122). Other 4 countries all showed increasing trends (all P < .001). For articles per capita, Italy ranked 1st among the 5 countries with 1591.0 articles per 10 million. The USA showed a decreasing trend (P = .026), other 4 countries all showed increasing trends (all P < .001). The UK had the highest average IF (6.685). For change of research highlights, it is more inclined to research of endoscopy, inflammatory bowel diseases, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Conclusion:
It is delightful that the global research output in GI field would be continuingly increased as the major highest-output countries showed increasing trends. However, the developing countries fell behind both in quantity and quality when compared with developed countries.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of early mobilization therapy in patients after cardiac surgery
Authors: Chen Bin , Xie Guanli , Lin Yuan , Chen Lianghua , Lin Zhichen , You Xiaofang , Xie Xuemin , Dong Danyu , Zheng Xinyi , Li Dong , Lin Wanqing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Prolonged hospitalization and immobility of critical care patients elevate the risk of long-term physical and cognitive impairments. However, the therapeutic effects of early mobilization have been difficult to interpret due to variations in study populations, interventions, and outcome measures. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effects of early mobilization therapy on cardiac surgery patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods:
PubMed, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and the Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched from their inception to September 2018. Randomized controlled trials were included if patients were adults (≥18 years) admitted to any ICU for cardiac surgery due to cardiovascular disease and who were treated with experimental physiotherapy initiated in the ICU (pre, post, or peri-operative). Data were extracted by 2 reviewers independently using a pre-constructed data extraction form. Length of ICU and hospital stay was evaluated as the primary outcomes. Physical function and adverse events were assessed as the secondary outcomes. Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3) was used for statistical analysis. For all dichotomous variables, relative risks or odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were presented. For all continuous variables, mean differences (MDs) or standard MDs with 95% CIs were calculated.

Results:
The 5 studies with a total of 652 patients were included in the data synthesis final meta-analysis. While a slight favorable effect was detected in 3 out of the 5 studies, the overall effects were not significant, even after adjusting for heterogeneity.

Conclusions:
This population-specific evaluation of the efficacy of early mobilization to reduce hospitalization duration suggests that intervention may not universally justify the labor barriers and resource costs in patients undergoing non-emergency cardiac surgery.

PROSPERO Research registration identifying number:
CRD42019135338.
A meta-analysis on the relationship of exosomes and the prognosis of lung cancer
Authors: Xiang Hui , Li Fan , Luo Jingying , Long Wenting , Hong Liuyan , Hu Yuzhui , Du Hongying , Yuan Yunxiao , Luo Miao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
A lot of research evidence shows that exosomes play an indelible role in the prognosis of lung cancer, but there are many disputes. Therefore, we conduct a meta-analysis to further demonstrate.

Methods:
A literature retrieval was performed through a search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, CKNI, Wanfang, and other databases to locate documents from the literature that satisfied the inclusion criteria. There were four outcome indicators: overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Subgroup analysis was conducted according to sample size, country, detection method, analysis method, and pathological type. Stata 14.0 software was used to evaluate the prognostic value of exosomes in lung cancer.

Results:
A total of 2456 patients with lung cancer from 29 studies in 16 articles were included. The expression level of exosomes was closely associated with the OS and DFS of patients, although no statistical difference was observed between exosomes and DSS or PFS. Eighteen studies with 2,110 patients were evaluated to examine the prognostic value of exosomes in lung cancer by exploring the association between exosomes and OS. The results showed that exosomes were strongly associated with worse OS, and the combined hazard ratio (HR) was 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–2.39, P = .000). Six studies investigated the association between exosomes and DFS, and showed a pooled HR of 2.48 (95% CI: 1.75–3.53, P = .000).

Conclusion:
Our analysis indicated that the expression level of exosomes was closely associated with the OS and DFS of patients with lung cancer, suggesting that exosomes are associated with poor prognosis of lung cancer. Exosomes may be a new biomarker for the prognosis of lung cancer, although a large number of prospective studies are still needed to support this.
The meta-analysis of the effect of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT diagnosis of prostatic cancer compared with bone scan
Authors: Zhao Ruining , Li Yajie , Nie Lihong , Qin Kaiyue , Zhang Hang , Shi Hongbin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:

68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) is a promising method for prostate cancer (PC) detection. However, the ability of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT to detect malignant bone lesions, and whether this method is superior to the existing bone imaging methods are still lack of systematic analysis.

Purpose:
To evaluate the value of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan in clinical diagnosis of prostatic cancer from the perspective of evidence-based medicine.

Methods:
PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Springer Link, Sinomed, CNKI, Wanfang database, and CQVIP database were searched to find the satisfactory studies that needed systematic review of trials and compared the value of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan. All studies published from inception to March 31, 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 reviewers independently evaluated and extracted the literature. Review Manager 5.3 was applied to evaluate the included literature quality. The heterogeneity of the included literature was tested by Meta Disc 1.4, and the effect model was selected according to the heterogeneity test results, and the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), PLR, NLR and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were analyzed. After testing the heterogeneity results of literature by using the 95% confidence interval and the forest map.

Results:
A total of 4 studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, which included 318 patients, 120 cases with bone metastasis and 198 cases without bone metastasis. The results of summary evaluation for 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan in diagnosis of prostatic cancer as follow respectively: The SEN were 0.97 and 0.86; the SPE were 1.00 and 0.87; the DOR were 1468.33 and 36.23; PLR were 88.45 and 6.67; NLR were 0.05 and 0.19; and the area under curve (AUC) and 95% CI were 0.9973 (1.0000–0.9927) and 0.8838 (0.9584–0.8092).

Conclusion:
By comparing the diagnostic results of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan imaging diagnosis methods, the 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT has a higher SEN and SPE than bone scan, and it has a higher diagnostic efficiency for prostate cancer bone metastasis, which is worthy of clinical application.
Spontaneous rupture of pyogenic liver abscess with subcapsular hemorrhage mimicking ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kim Nan Seol , Chun Hea Rim , Jung Hae Il , Kang Jin Ku , Park Sul Ki , Bae Sang Ho 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Spontaneous rupture of PLA (pyogenic liver abscess) is an extremely rare and life-threatening event. Ruptured PLA is very difficult to distinguish from malignant HCC (hepatocellular cancer) rupture or cholangiocarcinoma rupture on CT (computed tomography) scan.

Patient concerns:
We describe the case of a 71-year-old man with fever, right upper abdominal pain, nausea with intermittent vomiting, and general fatigue. He had no medical or surgical history.

Diagnosis:
CT scan showed a hypodense mass in right hepatic lobe and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) revealed a heterogenous mass of ∼6 cm in segment VI of the liver and heterogenous fluid in the subcapsular region. We made a tentative diagnosis of HCC rupture with subcapsular hemorrhage based on these findings.

Intervention:
After improving the patient's condition by administering empirical therapy consisting of intravenous antibiotics and fluids, we performed surgical exploration. Gross examination of the abdomen showed that almost the entire right hepatic lobe was hemorrhagic and affected by peritonitis. Therefore, we performed right hepatectomy. The intraoperative frozen biopsy revealed suspicious PLA with marked necrosis, neutrophil infiltration, and hemorrhagic rupture, although no malignant tissue or fungus was observed. The postoperative secondary pathology report confirmed the diagnosis of PLA with hemorrhagic rupture.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged 13 days after the operation. Follow-up CT was performed 5 months after discharge and revealed no abnormal findings.

Lessons:
A high index of suspicion is key to preventing misdiagnosis of ruptured PLA and improving prognosis. Furthermore, even if rupture of the PLA is initially localized, delayed peritonitis may occur during medical treatment. Therefore, vigilant monitoring is essential.
Efficacy and safety of high-flow oxygen therapy application for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure
Authors: Zheng Mingxu , Dong Liangliang , Hao Zerui , Wang Shuyun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Presently, there are no reviews or meta-analyses comparing the efficacy and safety of high-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as first-line treatment in exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The present protocol is conceived to evaluate whether HFOT is noninferior to NIV in treatment of patients with COPD and acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Methods:
We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines and the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration to conduct this meta-analysis. Reviewers will search the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE online databases using the key phrases “high-flow oxygen therapy,” “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,” and “acute hypercapnic respiratory failure” for all English-language cohort studies published up to April, 2021. The cohort studies focusing on assess the efficacy and safety of HFOT and NIV in the treatment of patients with COPD and acute hypercapnic respiratory failure will be included in our meta-analysis. The primary outcome is treatment failure, whereas the secondary outcomes included arterial blood gas analysis, dyspnea score, comfort score, mortality, and total ICU and hospital lengths of stay.

Results:
The trial is conducted to test the hypothesis that HFOT, administered immediately after extubation, is not inferior to the NIV in reducing the rate of treatment failure in patients with COPD who were previously intubated due to hypercapniac respiratory failure.

Registration number:
10.17605/OSF.IO/Z2PEJ.
A pilot study on EORTC or PERCIST for the prediction of progression-free survival with nivolumab therapy in advanced or metastatic gastric cancers
Authors: Nakajo Masatoyo , Kitajima Kazuhiro , Toriihara Akira , Arigami Takaaki , Daisaki Hiromitsu , Nakamura Akira , Ohtsuka Takao , Miwa Hiroto , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent breakthrough results from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have paved the way to a new era of cancer immunotherapy, and have thus led to a paradigm shift of cancer treatment. In particular, inhibition of the antiprogrammed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis with ICI, including nivolumab and pembrolizumab, has been emerging as a novel treatment strategy for advanced gastric cancers. An accurate noninvasive assessment of the response to ICI is important for the management of patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer.
To examine whether the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) are valuable for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancers treated with nivolumab.
Six patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancers who underwent 18F-FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) scans before, and from 2 to 6 months after initiation of nivolumab therapy between September 2017 and August 2019, were evaluated retrospectively. The correlation between tumor progression and EORTC or PERCIST was assessed with the Fisher's exact test. The PFS was assessed with the Kaplan–Meier method.
Two patients were alive without progression, and the remaining 4 patients exhibited tumor progression. Two patients without progression were classified as partial metabolic response (PMR) patients based on EORTC or PERCIST, while the other 4 patients with progression were classified as progressive metabolic disease (PMD) patients based on EORTC (P = .067), or stable metabolic disease (SMD) patients, or PMD patients based on PERCIST (P = .067).
The mean and median PFS of all patients was 12.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9–20.4 months) and 5 months (95%CI, 4.0–11.0 months). Two EORTC or PERCIST PMR patients showed significantly longer median PFS compared with 4 non-PMR patients (not reached vs 4.0 months, P = .044). Three PERCIST PMR or SMD patients also showed significantly longer median PFS compared with 3 PMD patients (not reached vs 4.0 months, P = .022). These results suggest that EORTC or PERCIST has the potential to predict PFS of patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancers treated by nivolumab and further studies are needed to determine its value in larger study populations.