bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interhospital Transfer Outcomes for Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Requiring Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Chen Elaine , Longcoy Joshua , McGowan Samuel K. , Lange-Maia Brittney S. , Avery Elizabeth F. , Lynch Elizabeth B. , Ansell David A. , Johnson Tricia J. 
Published: October 2021

IMPORTANCE:
Studying interhospital transfer of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in the spring 2020 surge may help inform future pandemic management.

OBJECTIVES:
To compare outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 transferred to a tertiary referral center with increased surge capacity with patients admitted from the emergency department.

DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS:
Observational cohort study of single center urban academic medical center ICUs. All patients admitted and discharged with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia who received invasive ventilation between March 17, 2020, and October 14, 2020.

MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES:
Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from the electronic medical record. Patients were classified as emergency department admits or interhospital transfers. Regression models tested the association between transfer status and survival, adjusting for demographics and presentation severity.

RESULTS:
In total, 298 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia were admitted to the ICU and received mechanical ventilation. Of these, 117 were transferred from another facility and 181 were admitted through the emergency department. Patients were primarily male (64%) and Black (38%) or Hispanic (45%). Transfer patients differed from emergency department admits in having English as a preferred language (71% vs 56%; p = 0.008) and younger age (median 57 vs 61 yr; p < 0.001). There were no differences in race/ethnicity or primary payor. Transfers were more likely to receive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (12% vs 3%; p = 0.004). Overall, 50 (43%) transferred patients and 78 (43%) emergency department admits died prior to discharge. There was no significant difference in hospital mortality or days from intubation to discharge between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
In a single-center retrospective cohort, no significant differences in hospital mortality or length of stay between interhospital transfers and emergency department admits were found. While more study is needed, this suggests that interhospital transfer of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 can be done safely and effectively.
Molecular genotyping of adrenocortical carcinoma: a systematic analysis of published literature 2019–2021
Authors: Grisanti Salvatore , Cosentini Deborah , Sigala Sandra , Berruti Alfredo 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
comprehensive molecular characterization of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) through next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analyses is expanding the number of targets with potential prognostic and therapeutic value. We performed a critical review of recent published literature on genotyping of ACC.

Recent findings
423 studies were published between 2019 and 2021. After manual curation we summarized selected evidence in two thematic areas: germline deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) variations, genomic alterations and prognosis.

Summary
the evolving genomic landscape of ACC requires target validation in terms of prognostic and predictive value within scientific consortia. Although the existing multiple driver genes are difficult targets in the perspective of precision oncology, alterations in DNA damage repair genes or in promoter hypermethylation could open new venues for repurposing of existing drugs in ACC.
Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase, Oxidative Stress, and Diabetic Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Zou Ming-Hui , Wu Shengnan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent vaso-relaxation is one of the earliest detectable pathological events in smoking, diabetes, and many cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis. Overwhelming data from human and animals demonstrate that the endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes is due to the local formation of oxidants and free radicals. However, the mechanisms by which diabetes instigates oxidative stress, and those by which oxidative stress perpetuates endothelial dysfunction are the subjects of intensive research in the last 3 decades. The studies from us and others have demonstrated that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a well-characterized energy sensor and modulator, serves as a highly efficient sensor as AMPK can be activated by very low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generated by physiological, pharmacological, and pathologic stimuli (redox sensor). Interestingly, oxidants-activated AMPK feedback lowers the levels of ROS by either suppressing ROS/RNS from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and mitochondria or by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes (redox modulator). Further, our studies demonstrate that AMPK's functions as a redox sensor and modulator are vital to maintain endothelial cell function under physiological conditions. Finally, we discover that under chronic oxidative stress or large influx of ROS, AMPK is particularly susceptible to inhibition by ROS. We conclude that oxidative inactivation of AMPK in diabetes perpetuates oxidative stress and accelerates atherosclerosis in diabetes.
Macrophages in Ischemic Heart Failure: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Authors: Liu Demin , Yan Wenjun , Huang Jingwen , Zhao Jianli , Kilby Houston , Christopher Theodore A. , Lopez Bernard , Tao Ling , Ma Xinliang , Gu Guoqiang , Wang Yajing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With continually improving reperfusion strategies and patient care, the overall mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been significantly reduced during the past two decades. However, this success is a double-edged sword, as many patients surviving an AMI will progress towards ischemic heart failure (HF) over time. The pathologic causes of ischemic HF are undoubtedly multifactorial. However, the inflammatory response is considered one of the most important causes of pathological remodeling because it spans the whole process of HF development. The macrophage-mediated inflammatory response was once considered a purely harmful factor leading to pathological remodeling and HF. However, growing evidence demonstrates that multiple subgroups of macrophage exist and contribute differently to ischemic HF development. Understanding macrophage populations and how they contribute to post-MI remodeling and consequent ischemic HF is, therefore, critical to understanding and treating the disease. This review focuses on different macrophage populations that regulate post-MI cardiac injury and how immunoregulation therapy may benefit patients with ischemic HF.
Clinical Advances in Congenital Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Li Kun , Zhang Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Long QT syndrome is an inherited arrhythmia characterized by a prolonged QT interval and increased risk of life-threatening cardiac events, including arrhythmogenic syncope, seizures, and sudden cardiac death with a structurally normal heart. Since its first description in the 1950s, extensive researches allowed a better understanding of the cause and mechanisms of this disease, which improved our ability of early diagnosis, risk stratification, and precise therapy of these patients. This article provides an updated review of the clinical and molecular profiles of this potentially lethal inherited disorder and summarizes current knowledge regarding diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy.
Device-Based Treatment in Hypertension: At the Forefront of Renal Denervation
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Hettrick Douglas A. , Esler Murray D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Percutaneous renal denervation is a novel device therapy that modifies the circulatory regulatory system and has received considerable attention recently. This treatment partially blocks the renal sympathetic nervous system, which is an organ-connecting pathway between the brain and the kidney. Denervation techniques currently under clinical investigation include radiofrequency, ultrasonic, and chemical ablation with alcohol, all of which are executed through transcatheter access to the renal artery. All recently published randomized sham-controlled trials have shown a clear antihypertensive effect of renal denervation over 24 hours, including during the nighttime and early morning. This treatment has promise in the management of poorly controlled hypertension as well as in the prevention of the development or aggravation of arrhythmias and heart failure.
Insomnia and Coronary Artery Diseases: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Zha Lingfeng , Dong Jiangtao , Chen Qianwen , Wu Jianfei , Tang Tingting , Xia Ni , Zhang Min , Jiao Jiao , Xie Tian , Xu Chengqi , Tu Xin , Nie Shaofang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Observational studies indicate that insomnia may increase the risk of developing and/or dying from cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary artery disease (CAD). Our purpose is to explore the underlying causal relationship between genetic variants susceptible to insomnia and the risk of CAD by Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods:
The study was conducted using publicly available statistical data on genetic variants identified from a genome-wide association meta-analysis of insomnia (n = 113,006 individuals) and a genome-wide association meta-analysis of CAD (n = 184,305 individuals), which consisted of both cases and non-cases. The genetic association between variants and CAD was assessed by the variants’ association with insomnia, and estimations were integrated by an inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis.

Results:
Among the Mendelian randomized analytical sample, 8 variants were associated with insomnia complaints and CAD. And there was no pleiotropic association with the latent confounders. In addition, in the inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis (the estimations combined from the 8 variants), the odds ratio was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.05–1.25; P = 0.002) for CAD, and in the weighted method analysis, the odds ratio was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03–1.27; P = 0.015) for CAD.

Conclusions:
All of the data indicated that some valuable variants might involve in the development of CAD by leading the insomnia. Therefore, insomnia might be a causal factor for CAD, and improving the quality of sleep might be a new way for populations with insomnia to prevent CAD.
Standard Operation Procedure of Percutaneous Endomyocardial Biopsy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital
Authors: Xu Xiqi , Tian Zhuang , Fang Quan , Jing Zhi-Cheng , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is a technique that biopsy samples are obtained using bioptome through peripheral blood vessel. This technique has been used and refined more than 50 years in clinical application. Now EMB has become an important diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. Department of cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) has performed more than 500 cases of EMB and accumulated abundant practical experience. The clinical practice guideline of percutaneous EMB in PUMCH was also established, including indications, contradictions, operation key points, sample handling and processing, post-procedure monitoring, and treatment strategy for potential complications, etc. Due to the limitation of EMB, cardiologists should collaborate with experts in echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac pathology to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Cardiologists should pay more attention to the value of EMB and actively perform EMB to improve the diagnosis level for myocarditis and cardiomyopathy in China.
Developmental Behavioral Pediatrician Perspectives on Decision-Making in Early Treatment Planning for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mulé Christina M. , Sliwinski Samantha K. , Israel Rebecca , Lavelle Tara A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Providers of children with autism spectrum disorder (hereafter “autism”) report higher levels of shared decision-making during initial diagnostic and treatment planning visits than observed. The goal of this study was to qualitatively explore this discrepancy by investigating provider perceptions of the parent-provider decision-making process in early treatment planning and the role for parents in this process.

Methods:
We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with developmental behavioral pediatricians (DBPs; n = 15) to investigate how they approach early treatment planning with parents. We analyzed participant characteristics using descriptive statistics. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and independently coded by 2 researchers until consensus was reached. Analyses were conducted using a modified grounded theory framework.

Results:
DBPs reported that their primary role during early treatment planning was to provide diagnostic clarification and that parents' primary role was to learn as much as they can about autism. Most DBPs wanted treatment planning to be collaborative, and perceived that parents had the same preference but might not have the knowledge or skills to effectively participate. DBPs identified additional barriers that influence the extent to which they engage parents in the collaborative decision-making and provided recommendations for enhancing the process.

Conclusion:
DBPs are proponents of collaborative treatment planning between parents and providers; however, there are many obstacles that prevent this. Strategies such as decision tools or aids and larger systemic reforms are necessary to support DBPs and parents in this process.
The Quality of Interactive Behaviors in the Context of Prematurity: Fathers, Mothers, Daughters, and Sons
Authors: Toscano Carolina , Soares Isabel , Baptista Joana , Moutinho Vanessa , Mesman Judi 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
This study examined the quality of interaction between preterm-born preschoolers and their mothers and fathers, focusing on the role of child and parental sex.

Methods:
Participants included 88 preterm-born children (<37 wk gestational age) and 44 full-term–born children (≥37 wk gestational age) aged 3 1/2 years and their parents. Mother-child and father-child dyads were observed during a structured interactive task. Children's cooperation-compliance and negativity-hostility behaviors were coded using the Coding System for Mother-Child Interactions, and parents' sensitive behavior was coded using the Ainsworth Sensitivity Scale.

Results:
There was no association between preterm birth and the quality of child and parents' interactive behaviors. In the full-term group, fathers exhibited lower levels of sensitive behavior than mothers, but in the preterm group, both parents exhibited similar levels of sensitive behavior. Preterm boys exhibited more interactive difficulties than preterm girls, but there was no significant effect of child sex on full-term children's interactive behaviors. Children exhibited more compliance-cooperation and less negativity-hostility toward fathers than toward mothers.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that prematurity in itself does not affect the quality of parent-preterm child interactive behaviors as the children enter the preschool period. Preterm boys seem to be at higher risk for interactive difficulties than girls, and thus, child sex should be considered when monitoring and examining the development of preterm children.
Important scoring systems for assessing the severity of COVID-19 based on COVID-19-related deaths in Wuhan, China
Authors: Yang Feihong , Zou Hao , Gan Jiaohong , Zhang Zhongxiang , Zhao Yan , Jiang Cheng , Xia Jian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of 21 deaths and evaluate potential factors affecting disease severity and mortality risk in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Methods:
This retrospective analysis assessed clinical data of 21 patients who died owing to COVID-19. Disease severity and mortality risk were assessed using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II); Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA); multilobular infiltration, hypo-lymphocytosis, bacterial coinfection, smoking history, hypertension and age (MuLBSTA); and pneumonia severity index (PSI) scores.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 66 ± 14 years and 15 (71.4%) patients were men. Sixteen (76.2%) patients had chronic medical illnesses. Twelve (57.1%) patients were overweight. Decreased lymphocyte proportions were observed in 17 (81.0%) patients on admission. Elevated D-dimer levels were observed in 11 (52.4%) patients, and the levels significantly increased when pneumonia deteriorated. The initial APACHE II and SOFA scores demonstrated that 18 (85.7%) and 13 (61.9%) patients, respectively, were in the middle-risk level. MuLBSTA and PSI scores after admission were associated with higher risks of mortality in 13 (61.9%) patients. Most patients developed organ failure and subsequently died.

Conclusions:
Older, overweight, male patients with a history of chronic illnesses and continuously decreased lymphocyte proportions and increased D-dimer levels might have higher risks of death owing to COVID-19. The combination of general scoring (SOFA) and pneumonia-specific scoring (MuLBSTA and PSI) systems after admission might be sensitive in assessing the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19 who are in critical condition.
Bioinformatics analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated immune injury and therapeutic prediction for COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Haomin , Chen Haoran , Zhang Jundong , Chen Ximeng , Guo Bin , Zhi Peng , Li Zhuoyang , Liu Geliang , Yang Bo , Chi Xiaohua , Wang Yixing , Cao Feng , Ren Jun , Lu Xuechun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a highly contagious viral infection, without any available targeted therapies. The high mortality rate of COVID-19 is speculated to be related to immune damage.

Methods:
In this study, clinical bioinformatics analysis was conducted on transcriptome data of coronavirus infection.

Results:
Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the complex immune injury induced by coronavirus infection provoked dysfunction of numerous immune-related molecules and signaling pathways, including immune cells and toll-like receptor cascades. Production of numerous cytokines through the Th17 signaling pathway led to elevation in plasma levels of cytokines (including IL6, NF-κB, and TNF-α) followed by concurrent inflammatory storm, which mediates the autoimmune response. Several novel medications seemed to display therapeutic effects on immune damage associated with coronavirus infection.

Conclusions:
This study provided insights for further large-scale studies on the target therapy on reconciliation of immunological damage associated with COVID-19.
The effect of prone position for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Xingxing , Lu Zongqing , Xiao Wenyan , Zhang Jin , Jia Di , Yang Min 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
The effect and safety of prone position (PP) in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) patients was uncertain. We systematically reviewed the literature published to investigate whether PP benefits for patients with VAP compared with conventional supine position (SP).

Methods:
PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI and WanFang Database were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the PP ventilation and SP ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients from inception to May 2020. Meta-analysis was performed by Revan 5.3 software.

Results:
A total of 7 RCTs involving 1604 patients were included. Compared to regular SP ventilation, the PP ventilation group had no statistical significance in the four aspects. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of VAP and all-cause mortality were not affected by the patient's initial oxygenation index. However, the incidence of VAP tended to decrease when the duration of PP ventilation was less than 16 hours per day. Meanwhile, the all-cause mortality was significantly decreased while the daily time was more than 16 hours.

Conclusions:
Current evidence showed that the PP ventilation could not decrease the incidence of VAP, all-cause mortality, length of mechanical ventilation, and ICU stay. However, the daily duration of PP ventilation may have an impact on the incidence of VAP and all-cause mortality in critical patients.
Expert Consensus by Qilu Hospital of Shandong University on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of suspected COVID-19 cases (English version)
Authors: Chen Yuguo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We devised a protocol to establish a standardized method of screening, diagnosing, and managing suspected cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and to enhance the management of COVID-19 suspected cases. The protocol that included diagnostic criteria, preventive measures, and control measures against COVID-19 was developed based on new evidence regarding the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19. A consensus document was subsequently formulated. The consensus focused on the clinical management of patients with suspected fever and reviewed the procedure for undergoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid testing. This consensus will contribute to the ongoing efforts worldwide for the prevention and control of COVID-19.
Critical Time Windows for Air Pollution Exposure and Birth Weight in a Multicity Canadian Pregnancy Cohort
Authors: Johnson Markey , Shin Hwashin Hyun , Roberts Eric , Sun Liu , Fisher Mandy , Hystad Perry , Van Donkelaar Aaron , Martin Randall V. , Fraser William D. , Lavigne Eric , Clark Nina , Beaulac Vanessa , Arbuckle Tye E. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Maternal prenatal exposure to air pollution has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, previous studies focused on a priori time intervals such as trimesters reported inconsistent associations.

Objectives:
We investigated time-varying vulnerability of birth weight to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using flexible time intervals.

Methods:
We analyzed 1,300 live, full-term births from Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals, a Canadian prospective pregnancy cohort spanning 10 cities (2008–2011). Daily PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were estimated from ground-level monitoring, satellite models, and land-use regression, and assigned to participants from pre-pregnancy through delivery. We developed a flexible two-stage modeling method—using a Bayesian Metropolis–Hastings algorithm and empirical density threshold—to identify time-dependent vulnerability to air pollution without specifying exposure periods a priori. This approach identified critical windows with varying lengths (2–363 days) and critical windows that fell within, or straddled, predetermined time periods (i.e., trimesters). We adjusted the models for detailed infant and maternal covariates.

Results:
Critical windows associated with reduced birth weight were identified during mid- to late-pregnancy for both PM2.5 and NO2: –6 g (95% credible interval: –11, –1 g) and –5 g (–10, –0.1 g) per µg/m3 PM2.5 during gestational days 91–139 and 249–272, respectively; and –3 g (–5, –1 g) per ppb NO2 during days 55–145.

Discussion:
We used a novel, flexible selection method to identify critical windows when maternal exposures to air pollution were associated with decrements in birth weight. Our results suggest that air pollution impacts on fetal development may not be adequately captured by trimester-based analyses.