bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Global Meteoric Smoke Observations From SOFIE: Insight Regarding Chemical Composition, Meteoric Influx, and Hemispheric Asymmetry
Authors: Hervig Mark E. , Plane John M. C. , Siskind David E. , Feng Wuhu , Bardeen Charles G. , Bailey Scott M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMeasurements from the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) in both hemispheres are used to characterize meteoric smoke in the mesosphere and to estimate the meteoric flux into Earth's atmosphere. New smoke extinction retrievals from sunrise measurements in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) are presented, which complement the previously reported sunset observations in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). The sunrise observations are in good agreement with simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), for both the seasonal and height dependence of smoke in the mesosphere. The SOFIE‐WACCM comparisons assumed that smoke in the mesosphere exists purely as Fe‐rich olivine. This is justified because olivine is detected optically by SOFIE, meteoric ablation is predicted to inject similar quantities of the most abundant elements (Fe, Mg, and Si) into the mesosphere, and olivine is anticipated by theory and laboratory experiments. In addition, the ablated meteoric influx (AMI) and total meteoric influx determined from SOFIE assuming Fe‐rich olivine is in agreement with a recent and independent investigation based on models and observations. SOFIE observations from 2007 to 2021 indicate a global AMI of 7.3 ± 2.2 metric tons per day (t d−1), which corresponds to a total influx (ablated plus surviving material) of 24.7 ± 7.3 t d−1. Finally, the results indicate stronger descent in the NH polar winter mesosphere than in the SH winter. This hemispheric asymmetry at polar latitudes is indicated by smoke and water vapor results from both SOFIE and WACCM.
WISP-1 induced by mechanical stress contributes to fibrosis and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum through Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling
Authors: Sun Chao , Ma Qinghong , Yin Jian , Zhang Han , Liu Xinhui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOngoing chronic fibrosis and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (LF) is an important cause of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Our previous work showed that WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP-1) is a critical driver of LF fibrosis. However, the potential mechanism has not been explored. Here, we found that Gli1 was upregulated in hypertrophic LF tissues and required for fibrogenesis in fibroblasts. Moreover, mechanical stretching increased the expression of WISP-1 in LF fibroblasts. Furthermore, WISP-1 induced fibrogenesis in vitro through the Hedgehog-Gli1 pathway. This conclusion was supported by the fact that WISP-1 activated the Hedgehog-Gli1 pathway in LF fibroblasts and that cyclopamine attenuated the effect of WISP-1-induced fibrogenesis. WISP-1 also promoted the transition of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts via the Hedgehog pathway. Importantly, a hypertrophic LF rabbit model induced by mechanical stress also showed pathological changes in fibrosis and elevated expression of WISP-1, Gli1, and α-SMA. Therapeutic administration of cyclopamine reduced collagen expression, fibroblast proliferation, and myofibroblast differentiation and ameliorated fibrosis in the mechanical stress-induced rabbit model. Collectively, our findings show mechanical stress/WISP-1/Hedgehog signaling as a new fibrotic axis contributing to LF hypertrophy and identify Hedgehog signaling as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of LF fibrosis.
Obesity, oxidative DNA damage and vitamin D as predictors of genomic instability in children and adolescents
Authors: Usman Moonisah , Woloshynowych Maria , Britto Jessica Carrilho , Bilkevic Ivona , Glassar Bethany , Chapman Simon , Ford-Adams Martha E. , Desai Ashish , Bain Murray , Tewfik Ihab , Volpi Emanuela V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background/objectives
Epidemiological evidence indicates obesity in childhood and adolescence to be an independent risk factor for cancer and premature mortality in adulthood. Pathological implications from excess adiposity may begin early in life. Obesity is concurrent with a state of chronic inflammation, a well-known aetiological factor for DNA damage. In addition, obesity has been associated with micro-nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin D has attracted attention for its anti-inflammatory properties and role in genomic integrity and stability. The aim of this study was to determine a novel approach for predicting genomic instability via the combined assessment of adiposity, DNA damage, systemic inflammation, and vitamin D status.

Subjects/methods
We carried out a cross-sectional study with 132 participants, aged 10–18, recruited from schools and paediatric obesity clinics in London. Anthropometric assessments included BMI Z-score, waist and hip circumference, and body fat percentage via bioelectrical impedance. Inflammation and vitamin D levels in saliva were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oxidative DNA damage was determined via quantification of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in urine. Exfoliated cells from the oral cavity were scored for genomic instability via the buccal cytome assay.

Results
As expected, comparisons between participants with obesity and normal range BMI showed significant differences in anthropometric measures (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed in some measures of genomic instability (p < 0.001). When examining relationships between variables for all participants, markers of adiposity positively correlated with acquired oxidative DNA damage (p < 0.01) and genomic instability (p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with vitamin D (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses identified obesity (p < 0.001), vitamin D (p < 0.001), and oxidative DNA damage (p < 0.05) as the three significant predictors of genomic instability.

Conclusions
Obesity, oxidative DNA damage, and vitamin D deficiency are significant predictors of genomic instability. Non-invasive biomonitoring and predictive modelling of genomic instability in young patients with obesity may contribute to the prioritisation and severity of clinical intervention measures.
Transcriptome-wide association study of treatment-resistant depression and depression subtypes for drug repurposing
Authors: Fabbri Chiara , Pain Oliver , Hagenaars Saskia P. , Lewis Cathryn M. , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is the single largest contributor to global disability and up to 20–30% of patients do not respond to at least two antidepressants (treatment-resistant depression, TRD). This study leveraged imputed gene expression in TRD to perform a drug repurposing analysis. Among those with MDD, we defined TRD as having at least two antidepressant switches according to primary care records in UK Biobank (UKB). We performed a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of TRD (n = 2165) vs healthy controls (n = 11,188) using FUSION and gene expression levels from 21 tissues. We identified compounds with opposite gene expression signatures (ConnectivityMap data) compared to our TWAS results using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman and Pearson correlation. As symptom patterns are routinely assessed in clinical practice and could be used to provide targeted treatments, we identified MDD subtypes associated with TRD in UKB and analysed them using the same pipeline described for TRD. Anxious MDD (n = 14,954) and MDD with weight gain (n = 4697) were associated with TRD. In the TWAS, two genes were significantly dysregulated (TMEM106B and ATP2A1 for anxious and weight gain MDD, respectively). A muscarinic receptor antagonist was identified as top candidate for repurposing in TRD; inhibition of heat shock protein 90 was the main mechanism of action identified for anxious MDD, while modulators of metabolism such as troglitazone showed promising results for MDD with weight gain. This was the first TWAS of TRD and associated MDD subtypes. Our results shed light on possible pharmacological approaches in individuals with difficult-to-treat depression.
Robustification of GWAS to explore effective SNPs addressing the challenges of hidden population stratification and polygenic effects
Authors: Akond Zobaer , Ahsan Md. Asif , Alam Munirul , Mollah Md. Nurul Haque 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) play a vital role in identifying important genes those is associated with the phenotypic variations of living organisms. There are several statistical methods for GWAS including the linear mixed model (LMM) which is popular for addressing the challenges of hidden population stratification and polygenic effects. However, most of these methods including LMM are sensitive to phenotypic outliers that may lead the misleading results. To overcome this problem, in this paper, we proposed a way to robustify the LMM approach for reducing the influence of outlying observations using the β-divergence method. The performance of the proposed method was investigated using both synthetic and real data analysis. Simulation results showed that the proposed method performs better than both linear regression model (LRM) and LMM approaches in terms of powers and false discovery rates in presence of phenotypic outliers. On the other hand, the proposed method performed almost similar to LMM approach but much better than LRM approach in absence of outliers. In the case of real data analysis, our proposed method identified 11 SNPs that are significantly associated with the rice flowering time. Among the identified candidate SNPs, some were involved in seed development and flowering time pathways, and some were connected with flower and other developmental processes. These identified candidate SNPs could assist rice breeding programs effectively. Thus, our findings highlighted the importance of robust GWAS in identifying candidate genes.
Anethole induces anti-oral cancer activity by triggering apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress and by modulation of multiple signaling pathways
Authors: Contant Camille , Rouabhia Mahmoud , Loubaki Lionel , Chandad Fatiha , Semlali Abdelhabib 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOral cancer is one of the major public health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anethole, 1-methoxy-4-[(E)-1-propenyl]-benzene, on growth and apoptosis of oral tumor cells, and to identify the signaling pathways involved in its interaction with these cancer cells. Cancer gingival cells (Ca9-22) were treated with different concentrations of anethole. Cell proliferation and cytotoxic effects were measured by MTT and LDH assays. Cell death, autophagy and oxidative stress markers were assessed by flow cytometry while cell migration was determined by a healing capacity assay. The effect of anethole on apoptotic and pro-carcinogenic signaling pathways proteins was assessed by immunoblotting. Our results showed that anethole selectively and in a dose-dependent manner decreases the cell proliferation rate, and conversely induces toxicity and apoptosis in oral cancer cells. This killing effect was mediated mainly through NF-κB, MAPKinases, Wnt, caspase 3, 9 and PARP1 pathways. Anethole showed an ability to induce autophagy, decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) activity. Finally, anethole treatment inhibits the expression of oncogenes (cyclin D1) and up-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21WAF1), increases the expression of p53 gene, but inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. These results indicate that anethole could be a potential molecule for the therapy of oral cancer.
Terrestrial snail-mucus mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and in vitro investigations on their antimicrobial and anticancer activities
Authors: Mane Pramod C. , Sayyed Shabnam A. R. , Kadam Deepali D. , D.Shinde Manish , Fatehmulla Amanullah , Aldhafiri Abdullah M. , Alghamdi Eman A. , Amalnerkar Dinesh P. , Chaudhari Ravindra D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the past few years, biogenic methods for designing silver nanocomposites are in limelight due to their ability to generate semi-healthcare and para-pharmaceutical consumer goods. The present study reports the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the hitherto unexplored mucus of territorial snail Achatina fulica by the facile, clean and easily scalable method. The detailed characterization of the resultant samples by UV–Visible Spectroscopy, FESEM-EDS, XRD and FTIR Spectroscopy techniques corroborated the formation of silver nanoparticles in snail mucus matrix. The resultant samples were tested against a broad range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a fungal strain Aspergillus fumigatus by well diffusion method. The results indicate that silver nanoparticles in mucus matrix exhibit strong antibacterial as well as antifungal activity. The pertinent experiments were also performed to determine the inhibitory concentration against both bacterial and fungal strains. Anticancer activity was executed by in vitro method using cervical cancer cell lines. Curiously, our biogenically synthesized Ag nanoparticles in biocompatible mucus revealed anticancer activity and demonstrated more than 15% inhibition of Hela cells. We suggest an interesting possibility of formulating antimicrobial and possibly anticancer creams/gels for topical applications in skin ailments.
Uncertainties in the18F(p,α)15O reaction rate in classical novae
Authors: Kahl D. , José J. , Woods P. J. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Direct observation ofγ-ray emission from the decay of18F ejected in classical nova outbursts remains a major focus of the nuclear astrophysics community. However, modeling the abundance of ejected18F, and thus the predicted detectability distance of aγ-ray signal near 511 keV emitted from these transient thermonuclear episodes, is hampered by significant uncertainties in our knowledge of the key18F(p,α) reaction rate.Aims.We analyze uncertainties in the most recent nuclear physics experimental results employed to calculate the18F(p,α) reaction rate. Our goal is to determine which uncertainties have the most profound influence on the predicted abundance of18F ejected from novae in order to guide future experimental works.Methods.We calculated a wide range of18F(p,α) reaction rates using theR-Matrix formalism, which allowed us to take all interference effects into account. Using a selection of 16 evenly spaced rates over the full range, we performed 16 new hydrodynamic nova simulations.Results.We have performed one of the most thorough theoretical studies of the impact of the18F(p,α) reaction in classical novae to date. The18F(p,α) rate remains highly uncertain at nova temperatures, resulting in a factor of ∼10 uncertainty in the predicted abundance of18F ejected from nova explosions. We also found that the abundance of18F may be strongly correlated with that of19F.Conclusions.Despite numerous nuclear physics uncertainties affecting the determination of the18F(p,α) reaction rate, dominated by unknown interference signs between 1/2+and 3/2+resonances, future experimental work should focus on firmly and precisely determining the directly measurable quantum properties of the subthreshold states in the compound nucleus19Ne near 6.13 and 6.29 MeV.
Observability of the vertical shear instability in protoplanetary disk CO kinematics
Authors: Barraza-Alfaro Marcelo , Flock Mario , Marino Sebastian , Pérez Sebastián 
Published: June 2021

Context. Dynamical and turbulent motions of gas in a protoplanetary disk are crucial for their evolution and are thought to affect planet formation. Recent (sub-)millimeter observations show evidence of weak turbulence in the disk’s outer regions. However, the detailed physical mechanism of turbulence in these outer regions remains uncertain. The vertical shear instability (VSI) is a promising candidate mechanism to produce turbulence in the outer parts of the disk.
Aims. Our objective is to study the observability of the gas velocity structure produced by the VSI via CO kinematics with the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA).
Methods. We performed global 3D hydrodynamical simulations of an inviscid and locally isothermal VSI-unstable disk. We post-processed the simulation results with radiative transfer calculations and produced synthetic predictions of CO rotational emission lines. Next, we computed the line of sight velocity map and its deviations from a sub-Keplerian equilibrium solution. We explored the detectability of the VSI by identifying kinematic signatures using realistic simulated observations using the CASA package.
Results. Our 3D hydrodynamical simulations of the VSI show the steady state dynamics of the gas in great detail. From the velocity structure, we infer a turbulent stress value of αrϕ = 1.4 × 10−4. On large scales, we observe clear velocity deviations of the order of 50 m s−1 as axisymmetric rings with radially interspersed signs. By comparing synthetic observations at different inclinations we find optimal conditions at i ≲ 20° to trace for the kinematic structures of the VSI. We found that current diagnostics to constrain gas turbulence from nonthermal broadening of the molecular line emission are not applicable to anisotropic VSI turbulence.
Conclusions. We conclude that the detection of kinematic signatures produced by the VSI is possible with ALMA’s current capabilities. Observations including an extended antenna configuration are required to resolve the structure (beam sizes below ~10 au). The highest spectral resolution available is needed (~0.05 km s−1 with ALMA Band 6) for a robust detection. The characterization of the large-scale velocity perturbations is required to constrain the turbulence level produced by the VSI from gas observations.
Sunspot tilt angles revisited: Dependence on the solar cycle strength
Authors: Jiao Qirong , Jiang Jie , Wang Zi-Fan 
Published: June 2021

Context. The tilt angle of sunspot groups is crucial in the Babcock-Leighton (BL) type dynamo for the generation of the poloidal magnetic field. Some studies have shown that the tilt coefficient, which excludes the latitudinal dependence of the tilt angles, is anti-correlated with the cycle strength. If the anti-correlation exists, it will be shown to act as an effective nonlinearity of the BL-type dynamo to modulate the solar cycle. However, some studies have shown that the anti-correlation has no statistical significance.
Aims. We aim to investigate the causes behind the controversial results of tilt angle studies and to establish whether the tilt coefficient is indeed anti-correlated with the cycle strength.
Methods. We first analyzed the tilt angles from Debrecen Photoheliographic Database (DPD). Based on the methods applied in previous studies, we took two criteria (with or without angular separation constraint Δs > 2.​​°5) to select the data, along with the linear and square-root functions to describe Joy’s law, and three methods (normalization, binned fitting, and unbinned fitting) to derive the tilt coefficients for cycles 21–24. This allowed us to evaluate different methods based on comparisons of the differences among the tilt coefficients and the tilt coefficient uncertainties. Then we utilized Monte Carlo experiments to verify the results. Finally, we extended these methods to analyze the separate hemispheric DPD data and the tilt angle data from Kodaikanal and Mount Wilson.
Results. The tilt angles exhibit an extremely wide scatter due to both the intrinsic mechanism for its generation and measurement errors, for instance, the unipolar regions included in data sets. Different methods to deal with the uncertainties are mainly responsible for the controversial character of the previous results. The linear fit to the tilt-latitude relation of sunspot groups with Δs > 2.​​°5 of a cycle carried out without binning the data can minimize the effect of the tilt scatter on the uncertainty of the tilt coefficient. Based on this method the tilt angle coefficient is anti-correlated with the cycle strength with strong statistical significance (r = −0.85 at 99% confidence level). Furthermore, we find that tilts tend to be more saturated at high latitudes for stronger cycles. The tilts tend to show a linear dependence on the latitudes for weak cycles and a square-root dependence for strong cycles.
Conclusions. This study disentangles the cycle dependence of sunspot group tilt angles from the previous results that were shown to be controversial, spurring confusion in the field.
Personal risks of active users in the digital sphere
Authors: Skripkina T. 
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the personal characteristics of Internet users with different Internet activity.
The main purpose of this research was to study the poorly studied personal characteristics in active users of social networks: self-presentation, self-esteem and self-confidence in different areas of life, as well as trust in others. It is empirically proven that active Internet users who are prone to Internet addiction have personality traits associated with self-presentation in a virtual environment, unlike ordinary users. They are not inclined to present themselves as a real person, as a rule, they do not put selfies on their pages, instead of photos they use icons, photos of animals, etc. Therefore, they are not prone to self-disclosure. Information about themselves is superficial, sometimes with a pronounced absolute closeness and self-irony.
They are also characterized by self-doubt, low self-esteem, and extremely poor presentation of their personality. In the field of self-confidence, they are not inclined to trust themselves, especially in the intellectual and professional spheres, their communication needs are frustrated by the contradiction between the expressed need to communicate and the desire to" close " from the interlocutor.
Podcasts in the teaching media space
Authors: Basenko Gyulnara , Baskakova Victoria 
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on the podcasts in the learning media space. Modern educational technologies and the Internet resources have significantly expanded the possibilities of organizing the process of learning a foreign language. Podcasts as an innovative learning tool are an effective way of building socio-cultural and communicative skills. Podcasts are audio or video materials prepared by native speakers that are freely available on the Internet, available for download and reuse. The main difference between podcasts and television or radio is the ability to use them regardless of the specific time and place. The advantages of podcasts include their availability, variability, free choice, periodic updates, relevance, mobility.
The teaching media space offers, along with specialized educational podcasts, information, music, comedy podcasts, audiobooks, news in politics and sports, game channels. The main features of educational podcasts are: authenticity, relevance, multi functionality, multi-channel perception, mobility of the used technical means, productivity. Based on the analysis of various foreign language educational podcasts, 5 types were identified, classified by the content. Such podcasts can be recommended and successfully used not only in class, but also at home.
Using the theme “Food” as an example, the audio podcast RealLife English Podcast # 180: In the Kitchen (Cooking Expressions) aims to develop students’ auditory skills as well as communication skills using theme vocabulary in speech.
Thus, podcast technology has great potential for further development, especially in the context of the actualization of distance learning.