bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial identity and emotional responses to confederate symbols
Authors: Orey Byron D'Andra , Baptist Najja , Sinclair‐Chapman Valeria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis research tests whether psychological predispositions influence African Americans’ emotional responses to Confederate battle symbols. The former Mississippi state flag is employed here because it contained the Confederate battle symbol in the left canton.MethodsThe data were collected using a snowball sample of 68 African Americans from Jackson, the state capital of Mississippi. Emotional responses to the Mississippi state flag were measured using skin conductance levels (SCLs). Using ordinary least squares regression, the SCLs were regressed on variables measuring multiple dimensions of racial identity and ideology: Linked Fate, Private Regard, and Legal Disillusionment. Because of the significant presence of police officers in the sample, a dummy variable was included to account for this group. The study also controlled for the self‐reported Age of the participants.ResultsThe findings of this study reveal that African‐Americans suffer psychological trauma when observing racist symbols. African Americans who shared a common fate with other African Americans and those who possessed a high regard for other African‐American people were more emotionally responsive when they viewed the former Mississippi state flag. Police, however, were less responsive, when compared to civilians. This result may be attributable to officers working near the state capitol building and becoming desensitized to seeing the flag.ConclusionIn recent years there has been an increased interest among
political scientists in the study of biopolitics. One of the shortcomings, however, is that the research has relied almost exclusively on white subjects. Our research helps to fill this gap by focusing exclusively on African Americans. We interpret the findings to suggest that African Americans do not uniformly respond to the flag but are unique individuals whose personal views and experiences shape how they respond to the world. Even when presented with symbols representing a horrid past of lynchings and terror, African Americans do not constitute a monolithic group. The removal of the Mississippi state flag establishes one of many historical markers in the states efforts to balance the scale of racial justice. Its removal also represents one less source of trauma for African‐Americans and a step toward racial healing for Mississippi and the nation.
Educational gender inequality in the Muslim world: A problem of a cultural heritage, religion, or modernization?
Authors: Al‐Kohlani Sumaia A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe difference between the Muslim and non‐Muslim world in terms of educational gender equality has been blamed on the Islamic faith, and sometimes on a lack of modernization. Thus, I examine how Islam reduces educational gender equality and how/if its influence varies from one Muslim country to another.MethodI use Time‐series–cross‐section (TSCS) analysis for 29 Muslim countries between 1980 and 2010 to examine the influence of Arab culture on educational gender parity.ResultThe result indicates that the religious culture of Arab states seems to be highly associated with the educational gender gap. Also, the positive effect of modernization is more significant in Non‐Arab Muslim countries than in Arab Muslim countries.ConclusionThese findings are informative to educational policymakers since they explain why the international and local efforts on improving educational gender equality have not been as successful in the Muslim world as is the case in other societies.
Sexism as a political force: The impact of gender‐based attitudes on the presidential elections of 2012 and 2016
Authors: Hanley Eric 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis article examines the effect of gender attitudes on the voting behavior of whites in the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections.MethodsLogistic regression models are used to analyze data from the 2012 and 2016 waves of the American National Election Study.ResultsSexist orientations had a greater impact on how Americans, and white Americans in particular, voted in 2016 than in 2012. Attitudes toward gender roles and feminism affected the voting behavior of white men and white women in a highly similar fashion in 2016 but had a greater effect on the voting behavior of college—as opposed to noncollege‐educated whites.ConclusionMany observers have argued that the mobilization of sexist voters over the course of the 2016 campaign helped carry Trump to victory. The results of this analysis indicate that, in regard to many key voting blocs, the activation of sexism cost Trump at least as many votes as he gained as due to the countermobilization of nonsexist white voters, particularly those with college degrees. The strength of the nonsexist backlash suggests a need to reassess the received wisdom that sexism among white voters played to Trump's advantage in the 2016 election.
The INCREASE project: Intelligent Collections of food‐legume genetic resources for European agrofood systems
Authors: Bellucci Elisa , Mario Aguilar Orlando , Alseekh Saleh , Bett Kirstin , Brezeanu Creola , Cook Douglas , De la Rosa Lucía , Delledonne Massimo , Dostatny Denise F. , Ferreira Juan J. , Geffroy Valérie , Ghitarrini Sofia , Kroc Magdalena , Kumar Agrawal Shiv , Logozzo Giuseppina , Marino Mario , Mary‐Huard Tristan , McClean Phil , Meglič Vladimir , Messer Tamara , Muel Frédéric , Nanni Laura , Neumann Kerstin , Servalli Filippo , Străjeru Silvia , Varshney Rajeev K. , Vasconcelos Marta W. , Zaccardelli Massimo , Zavarzin Aleksei , Bitocchi Elena , Frontoni Emanuele , Fernie Alisdair R. , Gioia Tania , Graner Andreas , Guasch Luis , Prochnow Lena , Oppermann Markus , Susek Karolina , Tenaillon Maud , Papa Roberto 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYFood legumes are crucial for all agriculture‐related societal challenges, including climate change mitigation, agrobiodiversity conservation, sustainable agriculture, food security and human health. The transition to plant‐based diets, largely based on food legumes, could present major opportunities for adaptation and mitigation, generating significant co‐benefits for human health. The characterization, maintenance and exploitation of food‐legume genetic resources, to date largely unexploited, form the core development of both sustainable agriculture and a healthy food system. INCREASE will implement, on chickpea (Cicer arietinum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), lentil (Lens culinaris) and lupin (Lupinus albus and L. mutabilis), a new approach to conserve, manage and characterize genetic resources. Intelligent Collections, consisting of nested core collections composed of single‐seed descent‐purified accessions (i.e., inbred lines), will be developed, exploiting germplasm available both from genebanks and on‐farm and subjected to different levels of genotypic and phenotypic characterization. Phenotyping and gene discovery activities will meet, via a participatory approach, the needs of various actors, including breeders, scientists, farmers and agri‐food and non‐food industries, exploiting also the power of massive metabolomics and transcriptomics and of artificial intelligence and smart tools. Moreover, INCREASE will test, with a citizen science experiment, an innovative system of conservation and use of genetic resources based on a decentralized approach for data management and dynamic conservation. By promoting the use of food legumes, improving their quality, adaptation and yield and boosting the competitiveness of the agriculture and food sector, the INCREASE strategy will have a major impact on economy and society and represents a case study of integrative and participatory approaches towards conservation and exploitation of crop genetic resources.
M-learning: Connecting Teaching and Learning Inside and Outside of School
Authors: Chiappe-Laverde Andrés , Paz-Balanta Gustavo Adolfo 
Published: August 2021

El uso educativo de dispositivos móviles, conocido como m-learning, se presenta en la actualidad como una alternativa con gran potencial para abordar la crisis de pertinencia de la educación como mecanismo social de desarrollo en el siglo XXI. Para abordar este asunto, se condujo una revisión sistemática de literatura sobre m-learning, a partir de la cual se encontró que, dependiendo del uso dado a los dispositivos móviles se generan al menos tres tipos de experiencias de aprendizaje de naturaleza distinta. Adicionalmente, se identificaron las principales ventajas del m-learning, sus riesgos, ámbitos de aplicación y focos actuales de investigación.
Segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico en Colombia y sus departamentos
Authors: Murillo F. Javier , Carrillo-Luna Sandra 
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la magnitud de la segregación escolar en Colombia y sus departamentos,tanto en educación primaria como en secundaria inferior.Para ello, se hace una explotación especial de los datos de las pruebas censales Saber de 2016 para estudiantes de 5o y 9o grado. La muestra está conformada por 1 138 885 estudiantes, matriculados en 24 401 escuelas. Los resultados indican que la magnitud de la segregación escolar es alta, tanto para primaria como para secundaria, con tendencia a una mayor segregación en los grupos de más nivel socioeconómico, así como diferencias significativas entre los departamentos.
Effects of Surface Waviness on Fan Blade Boundary Layer Transition and Profile Loss—Part I: Methodology and Computational Results
Authors: Lee Jinwook , Spakovszky Zoltán S. , Greitzer Edward M. , Drela Mark , Talbotec Jérôme 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis two-part paper describes a new approach to determine the effect of surface waviness, arising from manufacture of composite fan blades, on transition onset location movement and hence fan profile losses. The approach includes analysis and computations of unsteady disturbances in boundary layers over a wavy surface, assessed and supported by wind tunnel measurements of these disturbances and the transition location. An integrated framework is developed for analysis of surface waviness effects on natural transition. The framework, referred to as the extended eN method, traces the evolution of disturbance energy transfer in flow over a wavy surface, from external acoustic noise through exponential growth of Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves, to the start and end of the transition process. The computational results show that surface waviness affects the transition onset location due to the interaction between the surface waviness and the TS boundary layer instability and that the interaction is strongest when the geometric and TS wavelengths match. The condition at which this occurs, and the initial amplitude of the boundary layer disturbances that grow to create the transition onset is maximized, is called receptivity amplification. The results provide first-of-a-kind descriptions of the mechanism for the changes in transition onset location as well as quantitative calculations for the effects of surface waviness on fan performance due to changes in surface wavelength, surface wave amplitude, and the location at which the waviness is initiated on the fan blade.
Effects of Surface Waviness on Fan Blade Boundary Layer Transition and Profile Loss—Part II: Experimental Assessments and Applications
Authors: Lee Jinwook , Ramaswamy Vaishnavi , Spakovszky Zoltán S. , Greitzer Edward M. , Drela Mark , Talbotec Jérôme 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPart II describes the experimental assessment and the application of the ideas in Part I concerning the mechanisms that determine the role of blade surface waviness on laminar-turbulent transition and their consequent effect on civil aircraft fan performance. A natural transition wind tunnel was designed and constructed to characterize the impact of surface waviness on transition, using both hotwire anemometry and infrared thermography. The experimental results support the new hypothesis presented in Part I, concerning the way in which blade surface waviness affects fan performance through motion of the transition onset location due to interaction between surface waviness and Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) boundary layer instability. In particular, the theoretical amplification of the TS waves, and the corresponding transition onset location movement due to surface waviness, was borne out over a range of variations in Reynolds number, nondimensional surface wavelength, nondimensional surface wave height, and location of surface wave initiation, relevant to composite fan blade parameters. Further, the increase of receptivity coefficient, and thus, the initial amplitude of disturbances due to geometric resonance between surface wavelength and TS wavelength was also confirmed by the experiments. Surface waviness was estimated, in some cases, to result in a nearly 1% decrease in fan efficiency compared to a nonwavy blade. Suggestions are given for mitigation of the effects of waviness, including the idea of blade curvature rescheduling as a method to delay transition and thus decrease loss.
Applied Deep Learning for Slender Marine Structure Dynamic Analysis
Authors: da Silva Vinicius Ribeiro Machado , Sagrilo Luis Volnei Sudati , de Araujo Breno Serrano 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nonlinear finite element models (FEMs) are commonly used to perform analysis in the time domain to simulate a limited number of stochastic loading scenarios that a slender marine structure may undergo, requiring a high computational time effort. Analytical equations and frequency domain analysis can be used to speed up these simulations, but they are not a convenient choice when high nonlinearities are present in the dynamic system. Alternative models can be developed to reduce the simulation time while maintaining a good accuracy level of the system’s response. This work proposes different strategies to develop artificial neural network (ANN) architectures, based on deep learning (DL) algorithms, which can predict multiple structural node responses at once, in time and space, significantly reducing the total training time when a great number of structural nodes are considered. A novel classification concept of ANN-based models is introduced for this application: the NodeNet and the LengthNet class types. In the first approach, the model predictor focuses on a single structural node, while in the latter the model focuses on a length (segment) comprising many structural nodes. The work also extends the response predictions of such marine structures from the top region down to the touchdown zone (TDZ).
Finite Element Simulation of Axisymmetric Elastic and Electroelastic Wave Propagation Using Local-Domain Wave Packet Enrichment
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kapuria Santosh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA local-domain wave packet enriched multiphysics finite element (FE) formulation is employed for accurately solving axisymmetric wave propagation problems in elastic and piezoelastic media, involving complex wave modes and sharp jumps at the wavefronts, which pose challenges to the conventional FE solutions. The conventional Lagrangian interpolations for the displacement and electric potential fields are enriched with the element-domain sinusoidal functions that satisfy the partition of unity condition. The extended Hamilton’s principle is employed to derive the coupled system of equations of motion which is solved using the simple Newmark-β direct time integration scheme without resorting to any remeshing near the wavefronts or post-processing. The performance of the enrichment is assessed for the axisymmetric problems of impact waves in elastic and piezoelectric cylinders and elastic half-space, bulk and Rayleigh waves in the semi-infinite elastic domain and ultrasonic Lamb wave actuation and propagation in plate-piezoelectric transducer system. The element shows significant improvement in the computational efficiency and accuracy over the conventional FE for all problems, including those involving multiple complex wave modes and sharp discontinuities in the fields at the wavefronts.
Lead screening in children presenting to three hospitals in Lebanon
Authors: El Zahran Tharwat , Mostafa Hala , Hamade Hani , Al Hariri Moustafa , Saab Aed , Tamim Hani , Tohme Rasha , Al Hamod Dany A , Sinno Durriyah , Sawaya Rasha Dorothy , Kazzi Ziad 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLead damages most body organs and its effects are most profound in children. In a study in Beirut in 2003, before banning the leaded gasoline, 79% of the participants showed blood lead levels (BLLs) higher than 5 µg/dL. The prevalence of lead exposure in Lebanon after the ban on leaded gasoline has not been studied. This study assessed the BLL in Lebanese children aged 1–6 years.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in three hospitals in Beirut. The children’s BLLs were tested, and their caregiver completed a questionnaire to identify subgroups at risk of exposure. Participants were provided with a WHO brochure highlighting the risks of lead.ResultsNinety children with a mean age of 3.5±1.5 years were enrolled in the study and had a mean BLL of 1.1±0.7 µg/dL, with all values being below 5.0 µg/dL, showing a marked decrease in BLL compared with the mean BLL before the ban on leaded gasoline in 2002. Having a father or a mother with a college degree (p=0.01 and p=0.035, respectively) and having a monthly household income greater than $1000 (p=0.021) were associated with significantly lower BLL. Having more rooms at home and residing close to construction sites were associated with a significantly lower BLL (p=0.001 and p=0.026, respectively). Residing in a house aged >40 years and receiving traditional remedies were associated with a significantly higher BLL (p=0.009 and p<0.0001, respectively).ConclusionBLLs have declined among Lebanese children and this could be attributed to multiple factors including the ban of leaded gasoline. It would be beneficial to conduct a larger study with a nationally representative sample to better characterise the BLL.
Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Yuan-Fang , Sun Ning , Cheng Shi-Rui , Deng Xiao-Dong , Ye Xiang-Yin , Li Zheng-Jie , Zhou Jun , Xu Gui-Xing , Qu Yu-Zhu , Huang Liu-Yang , Sun Rui-Rui , Liang Fan-Rong 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionPrevious reviews have suggested that the effectiveness of acupuncture for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not well been demonstrated due to the limited randomised controlled trials (RCTs). In recent years, the growing research on acupuncture for IBD make it possible to conduct a further systematic review and synthesise more sufficient clinical data to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for IBD.Methods and analysisNine electronic databases without language restriction will be retrieved from inception to March 2021, including the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the Chongqing Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database and Wanfang Database. The RCTs on acupuncture for IBD will be included. The data screening, data extraction and the assessment of risk bias will be performed respectively by two reviewers. The quality of evidence will be evaluated by using the Grading of recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation application. The meta-analysis will be performed if heterogeneity analysis conducted on the RevMan software (V.5.3) is insignificant. The primary outcome was symptoms alleviation after acupuncture treatment or even in the follow-up.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be needed because data of this review are not involved in patient’s information and privacy. The results will be published and diffused in a peer-reviewed journal or relative conferences.Trial registration numberCRD42020157903.
Use of targeted mobile X-ray screening and computer-aided detection software to identify tuberculosis among high-risk groups in Romania: descriptive results of the E-DETECT TB active case-finding project
Authors: Mahler Beatrice , de Vries Gerard , van Hest Rob , Gainaru Dan , Menezes Dee , Popescu Gilda , Story Alistair , Abubakar Ibrahim 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo implement and assess the mobile X-ray unit (MXU) equipped with digital radiography, computer-aided detection (CAD) software and molecular point of care tests to improve early tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in vulnerable populations in a TB outreach screening programme in Romania.DesignDescriptive study.SettingsPrisons in Bucharest and other cities in the southern part of Romania, homeless shelters and services for problem drug users in Bucharest, and Roma populations in Bucharest and Craiova.Participants5510 individuals attended the MXU service; 5003 persons were radiologically screened, 61% prisoners, 15% prison staff, 11% Roma population, 10% homeless persons and/or problem drug users and 3% other.InterventionsRadiological digital chest X-ray (CXR) screening of people at risk for TB, followed by CAD and human reading of the CXRs, and further TB diagnostics when the pulmonologist classified the CXR as suggestive for TB.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTen bacteriologically confirmed TB cases were identified translating into an overall yield of 200 per 100 000 persons screened (95% CIs of 109 to 368 per 100 000). Prevalence rates among homeless persons and/or problem drug users (826/100 000; 95% CI 326 to 2105/100 000) and the Roma population (345/100 000; 95% CI 95 to 1251/100 000) were particularly high.ResultsThe human reader classified 6.4% (n=317) of the CXRs as suspect for TB (of which 32 were highly suggestive for TB); 16.3% of all CXRs had a CAD4TB version 6 score >50. All 10 diagnosed TB patients had a CAD4TB score >50; 9 had a CAD4TB score >60.ConclusionsGiven the high TB prevalence rates found among homeless persons and problem drug users and in the Roma population, targeted active case finding has the potential to deliver a major contribution to TB control in Romania.
Assessing the impact of sports and recreation facility density within school neighbourhoods on Canadian adolescents’ substance use behaviours: quasi-experimental evidence from the COMPASS study, 2015–2018
Authors: Doggett Amanda , Godin Katelyn M , Schell Olena , Wong Suzy L , Jiang Ying , Leatherdale Scott T 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesThere has been relatively little exploration to date of potential protective effects within school neighbourhoods, such as those conferred by facilities that seek to promote health with respect to substance use and related harms. This study examined how the density of sports and recreation facilities in the school neighbourhood is associated with the likelihood of binge drinking, e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking and cannabis use among Canadian secondary school students.DesignLongitudinal data from the COMPASS study on Canadian youth health behaviours from 2015/2016 to 2017/2018 was linked with school neighbourhood data capturing the number of sports and recreation facilities within a 1500 m radius of schools.SettingSecondary schools and school neighbourhoods in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec who participated in the COMPASS study.Participants16 471 youth who participated in the COMPASS study over three school years (2015/2016–2017/2018).Primary and secondary outcome measuresBinge drinking, e-cigarette use, cigarette use, cannabis use.ResultsLogistic regression models using generalised estimating equations identified that greater density of sports and recreation facilities within the school neighbourhood was significantly associated with lower likelihood of binge drinking and e-cigarette use but was not associated with cigarette smoking or cannabis use.ConclusionsThis research can help to support evidence-informed school community-based efforts to prevent substance-related harms among youth.