bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aseptically Processed Allograft Implantation: A Safe Strategy for Knee Ligament Reconstructions
Authors: Leite Chilan B.G. , Montechi João M.N. , Camanho Gilberto L. , Gobbi Riccardo G. , Angelini Fabio J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPostoperative infections after allograft implantation is a major concern in knee ligament reconstructions considering the theoretical risk of disease transmission and its potential severity. Here, we aimed to evaluate the postoperative infection rate after knee ligament reconstructions using aseptically processed allografts, and provide an overview of the allografts use in an academic tertiary hospital. A retrospective study was performed evaluating patients who underwent knee ligament reconstructions using aseptically processed allografts, including primary and revision surgeries, from 2005 to 2018. Demographic data, including the type of knee injury and trauma energy, and postoperative data were collected focusing on postoperative infections. Regarding these infected cases, further analyses were performed considering the presenting signs and symptoms, the isolated microorganism identified in culture, the time between graft implantation and diagnosis of infection (defined as acute, subacute, and late), and the need for graft removal. A total of 180 cases of ligament reconstructions were included. The mean follow-up was 8.2 (range: 2.1–15.6) years and the mean age at surgery was 34.1 (± 11.1) years. A total of 262 allografts were implanted in those 180 cases, 93 (35.5%) as bone plug allografts and 169 (64.5%) as soft tissue allografts. Common surgical indications included multiligament reconstruction (57.2%) and primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (15%). Seven cases (3.9%) presented postoperative infections. Knee pain (100%) and swelling (100%) were the most prevalent symptoms. Two cases (28.6%) presented sinus tract. Allografts were removed in two cases, the same cases that presented draining sinus (p = 0.04). High-energy trauma was the only statistically associated factor for infection (p = 0.04). No significant association between infection and the type of allograft (p > 0.99) or sex (p = 0.35) were observed. Four cases (57.1%) had monomicrobial staphylococcal infections. Based on that, the allograft-related infection rate was 1.7% (the remaining three infected cases). Nonirradiated, aseptically processed allografts have a low postoperative infection rate in knee ligament reconstructions, being a safe alternative for surgeries that require additional source, increased variety, and quantity of grafts.
Helmholtz Free Energy Equation of State for 3He–4He Mixtures at Temperatures Above 2.17 K
Authors: Pan Changzhao , Zhang Haiyang , Rouillé Gérard , Gao Bo , Pitre Laurent 
Published: October 2021

The work presents the first wide-range equation of state (EOS) for 3He–4He mixtures based on the reduced Helmholtz free energy multi-fluid approximation model. It covers the temperature range from 2.17 to 300 K and the pressure from the vapor pressure up to 3 MPa for any given mixture 3He mole fraction. In this model, the 4He and 3He reduced Helmholtz free energy equations and departure functions from the literature are employed and only five unknown mixture parameters are needed for each given departure function. The parameters and the best model for the concerned binary mixture were determined by the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization method. With the best developed model, the liquid, gaseous, and saturated thermophysical properties of the mixture can be mostly described with an accuracy better than 5%. Furthermore, a database for the thermophysical properties of 3He–4He mixtures is generated and provided for interpolation in temperature, pressure, and 3He mole fraction. The current EOS and database can be applied to the design and optimization of ultra-low temperature refrigerators.
Deep learning-based design of broadband GHz complex and random metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Tianning , Kee Chun Yun , Ang Yee Sin , Ang L. K. 
Published: October 2021

We are interested in exploring the limit in using deep learning (DL) to study the electromagnetic (EM) response for complex and random metasurfaces, without any specific applications in mind. For simplicity, we focus on a simple pure reflection problem of a broadband EM plane wave incident normally on such complex metasurfaces in the frequency regime of 2–12 GHz. In doing so, we create a DL-based framework called the metasurface design deep convolutional neural network (MSDCNN) for both forward and inverse designs of three different classes of complex metasurfaces: (a) arbitrary connecting polygons, (b) basic pattern combination, and (c) fully random binary patterns. The performance of each metasurface is evaluated and cross-benchmarked. Dependent on the type of complex metasurfaces, sample size, and DL algorithms used, the MSDCNN is able to provide good agreement and can be a faster design tool for complex metasurfaces than the traditional full-wave EM simulation methods. However, no single universal deep convolutional neural network model can work well for all metasurface classes based on detailed statistical analysis (such as mean, variance, kurtosis, and mean-squared error). Our findings report important information on the advantages and limitations of current DL models in designing these ultimately complex metasurfaces.
Extraction of giant Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction from ab initio calculations: First-order spin–orbit coupling model and methodological study
Authors: Bouammali Mohammed-Amine , Suaud Nicolas , Maurice Rémi , Guihéry Nathalie 
Published: October 2021

The Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction is expected to be at the origin of interesting magnetic properties, such as multiferroicity, skyrmionic states, and exotic spin orders. Despite this, its theoretical determination is far from being established, neither from the point of view of ab initio methodologies nor from that of the extraction technique to be used afterward. Recently, a very efficient way to increase its amplitude has been demonstrated near the first-order spin–orbit coupling regime. Within the first-order regime, the anisotropic spin Hamiltonian involving the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya operator becomes inappropriate. Nevertheless, in order to approach this regime and identify the spin Hamiltonian limitations, it is necessary to characterize the underlying physics. To this end, we have developed a simple electronic and spin–orbit model describing the first-order regime and used ab initio calculations to conduct a thorough methodological study.
Effect of kisspeptin-54 on ovarian levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in an experimental model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
Authors: Birinci Hülya , Vatansever Hafize Seda , Yüncü Mehmet 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of kisspeptin-54 on ovarian morphology and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) levels in an ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) rat model, which is a possible complication of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. For this purpose, immature female Sprague–Dawley rats (25 days old, 30–40 g) were randomly divided into five groups (control, sham, OHSS model, short-term kisspeptin-54 administered OHSS model and long-term kisspeptin-54 administered OHSS model). Serum LH and FSH levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR were performed for VEGF, PEDF, PKA and PKC in ovaries and granulosa cells, respectively. It was observed that there was dilatation in fallopian tubes and an abnormal increase in ovarian weight and volume in the OHSS group, and these morphologies decreased with kisspeptin-54 treatment. After the administration of kisspeptin-54 in the OHSS group, VEGF, PKA and PKC levels reduced and PEDF levels increased in both mRNA and protein levels. It was determined that in the OHSS model, VEGF increased as PEDF decreased, and kisspeptin-54 reduced the effects of OHSS. It was determined that long-term kisspeptin-54 treatment was more effective than short-term administration. It is considered that kisspeptin-54 is an agent that protects ovarian reserve and oocyte maturation in women at risk of OHSS.
Human islet T cells are highly reactive to preproinsulin in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Anderson Amanda M. , Landry Laurie G. , Alkanani Aimon A. , Pyle Laura , Powers Alvin C. , Atkinson Mark A. , Mathews Clayton E. , Roep Bart O. , Michels Aaron W. , Nakayama Maki 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Insulin is a major self-antigen in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and as such, insulin-based immunotherapies have been trialed to treat the underlying autoimmunity but with minimal clinical benefit. Here, we comprehensively assessed reactivity to insulin and its precursor, preproinsulin, by CD8 T cells obtained from the pancreatic islets of organ donors with and without T1D. CD8 T cells highly reactive to peptides throughout the entire preproinsulin protein were only found in T1D donors at varying frequencies. Our results suggest considering the use of preproinsulin rather than just insulin for intervention immunotherapies and have important implications for identifying individuals that may respond to antigen-specific therapies designed to treat autoimmune disorders.
Spillover, hybridization, and persistence in schistosome transmission dynamics at the human–animal interface
Authors: Borlase Anna , Rudge James W. , Léger Elsa , Diouf Nicolas D. , Fall Cheikh B. , Diop Samba D. , Catalano Stefano , Sène Mariama , Webster Joanne P. 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceThe threat to public health that is presented by zoonotic spillover of pathogens from animal reservoirs is predicted to increase with rapid anthropogenic changes and global trends such as migration and changing land use. Schistosomiasis currently infects more than 220 million people worldwide, and the multihostSchistosomaspp. system within Africa is a key example of where spillover of animal parasites into human populations has enabled the formation of viable hybrid parasite genotypes. Our study demonstrates how zoonotic spillover and complex interactions between pathogen species, such as parasite hybridization, may have implications such as resilience to current disease control strategies and may facilitate the spread of tropical diseases such as schistosomiasis beyond their original geographical boundaries.
“If an astronaut were on the moon…”
Authors: Myrset Anders , Savić Milica 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is two-fold: firstly, to provide an overview of the methods used to elicit metapragmatic data in research with young language learners through a systematic review; and secondly, to present three data collection techniques designed and used in two research projects conducted by the authors, and examine their affordances for eliciting metapragmatic data. The systematic review revealed that data elicitation techniques employed in metapragmatics research with children closely reflected those widely employed in research with (young) adults (Culpeper, Mackey & Taguchi, 2018). Against this backdrop, the paper presents three elicitation techniques, developed based on the literature on the methodological considerations for conducting research with children (e.g. O’Kane, 2008; Pinter, 2014; Punch, 2002a, 2002b): the Emoticon task, the Ranking circle, and Readers Theatre. After describing the techniques and presenting the metapragmatic discussions elicited through them, the paper calls for the inclusion of innovative, participant-friendly methods in interlanguage pragmatics research focusing on children’s metapragmatic awareness.
Variation and contact-induced change in Javanese phonology among multilingual children in Indonesia
Authors: Zen Evynurul Laily , Starr Rebecca Lurie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs Indonesian becomes more dominant in Indonesia, regional heritage languages, such as Javanese, may be increasingly influenced by phonological transfer. The extent of these effects may depend upon a speaker’s region and social background, as well as age of acquisition and proficiency in various languages. This study investigates the impact of these factors on the Javanese production among multilingual children in East Java. Specifically, we analyze the distinction between dental and retroflex coronal stops (/t̪/ /d̪̥ /, /ʈ/, /ɖ̥/), which phonemically contrast in Javanese, but not in Indonesian. The data were elicited from 95 children in Malang, a large urban center, and Blitar, a smaller city. The findings indicate that Javanese is shifting to a two-way contrast comparable to that of Indonesian; female and Malang speakers lead in this change. These findings highlight the significance of social factors in children’s language acquisition, and illustrate ongoing changes in Javanese.
Variation in Ampenan Sasak pronominal forms
Authors: Khairunnisa  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the variation of pronominal forms in Sasak, an Austronesian language spoken in eastern Indonesia. The study marks the first variationist sociolinguistic work on Sasak. Using data from eight conversations between 15 non-noble speakers, pronominal forms were coded for whether they were realized as a free pronoun or a clitic. Further, the discourse was examined to identify the referents and to observe the pragmatic effect of the forms used. The results show clitics dominate the distribution. Further, the results demonstrate that a higher percentage of clitics are preferred with the basic form for first person referents, but speakers apply a different strategy for second person referents; speakers use first person plural and third person singular forms to address their interlocutor when triggered by a Face Threatening Act (see Brown & Levinson, 1987).
Gender, mobility and contact
Authors: Travis Catherine E. , Ghina Inas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We examine variation in a rural variety of Acehnese spoken in Aceh Province, to better understand the impact of
long-term contact with Indonesian and increasing urbanization. The Great Aceh variety is characterized by variable realization of
word-final (t) as a dental vs. glottal stop. Analyses of over 2,000 tokens of this variable from a corpus of spontaneous speech
from 35 speakers indicate that the variability is relatively stable among men, and among women of high mobility, measured in terms
of education, occupation, and time spent outside Great Aceh. Women with low mobility produce the lowest rates of [t̪], and in this
group we observe a higher rate of [t̪] by younger than older women, suggesting change over time. We thus find both stability –
among those who have long enjoyed high levels of mobility – and change – among those most affected by recent social changes,
namely low-mobility women.
Voice onset time and vowel quality in Madurese
Authors: Misnadin  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Madurese exhibits a three-way laryngeal contrast in its plosive inventory, distinguishing voiced, voiceless
unaspirated, and voiceless aspirated plosives. Previous studies have investigated some acoustic characteristics of the contrast
but have not examined possible dialectal variation in this contrast. The present study aims to discuss the contrast by examining
Voice Onset Time (VOT) and vowel quality (F1). Twenty participants (10 Western Madurese speakers and 10 Eastern Madurese speakers)
were recruited and instructed to read 150 Madurese words containing plosives. The results showed that an interaction of dialect
and gender were significantly correlated with VOT: male Western Madurese speakers produced shorter VOT for voiced and voiceless
aspirated plosives than their Eastern counterparts. There was also variation in F1 between gender across dialects: male Western
Madurese speakers produced [ə] with a lower F1 than their Eastern counterparts. It was suggested that the variation was possibly
due to language contact with Javanese.
Jakarta Indonesian first-person singular pronouns
Authors: Abtahian Maya Ravindranath , Cohn Abigail C. , Djenar Dwi Noverini , Vogel Rachel C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Jakarta Indonesian is a colloquial variety of Indonesian spoken primarily in Indonesia’s capital, where it was originally a contact variety between Betawi, the local variety of Malay, and Standard Indonesian. Like other varieties of Indonesian, Jakarta Indonesian is a language with a relatively open system of pronominal reference and multiple forms for self-reference. In this paper we focus on variation in the use of first-person pronouns in Jakarta Indonesian, using two corpora of spoken data collected three decades apart. We employ both quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the form, function and social meaning of 1sg pronouns in Jakarta Indonesian, investigating both inter- and intra-speaker variation over time.
Frameshifting
Authors: Knoblock Natalia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe article discusses the cognitive-linguistic technique of frameshifting and its potential for deliberate impoliteness in antagonistic politically charged discourse. Frameshifting involves the construction of utterances in such a way that their comprehension involves two stages: the reader is first led to invoke one mental frame and then is forced to discard it and to invoke a different frame, with the final message being deliberately insulting. The article demonstrates that frameshifting, which has been studied predominantly in humorous discourse, can also be used in aggressive communication to intensify the insulting potential of utterances and to simultaneously increase prominence and memorability of the message. The article argues that the effects of impoliteness can depend on the manner of expression, and if the speaker chooses a particularly innovative and conspicuously intentional means of expression, the intent to insult comes to the forefront, the insulting meaning is amplified, and the resulting negative message is strengthened.
The role of non-connective discourse cues and their interaction with connectives
Authors: Crible Ludivine , Demberg Vera 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe disambiguation and processing of coherence relations is often investigated with a focus on explicit connectives, such asbutorso. Other, non-connective cues from the context also facilitate discourse inferences, although their precise disambiguating role and interaction with connectives have been largely overlooked in the psycholinguistic literature so far. This study reports on two crowdsourcing experiments that test the role of contextual cues (parallelism, antonyms, resultative verbs) in the disambiguation of contrast and consequence relations. We compare the effect of contextual cues in conceptually different relations, and with connectives that differ in their semantic precision. Using offline tasks, our results show that contextual cues significantly help disambiguating contrast and consequence relations in the absence of connectives. However, when connectives are present in the context, the effect of cues only holds if the connective is acceptable in the target relation. Overall, our study suggests that cues are decisive on their own, but only secondary in the presence of connectives. These results call for further investigation of the complex interplay between connective types, contextual cues, relation types and other linguistic and cognitive factors.
An experimental study of the detection of clicks in English
Authors: Vigil Donny , Pinto Derrin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This experimental study sets out to determine whether people detect click sounds in American English. Recent
research has documented the use of non-phonemic clicks in a variety of languages to fulfill a range of functions such as sequence
management or signaling searches and different types of attitudinal stance. While these clicks are acoustically salient and have
been reported to occur with a frequency of up to 14 per minute in British English, they have not been widely investigated until
relatively recently. For this experiment, we designed video stimuli consisting of A and B pairs of approximately 10 seconds of
speech, one with a click and the other with the click edited out. We gave 118 participants a questionnaire and asked if they could
detect a difference between the pairs of videos. The results indicate that the majority of participants, between 79% and 86%, do
not detect click sounds.
Extraction of the second and fourth radial moments of nuclear charge density from the elastic electron-nucleus scattering
Authors: Liu Jian , Liu Xiaoting , Wang Xuezhi , Wang Shuo , Xu Chang , Ren Zhongzhou 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The expression for the radial moments

r

n

c

of the nuclear charge density has been discussed under the plane wave Born approximation method recently, which is significant to investigate the nuclear surface thickness and neutron distribution radius. In this paper, we extend the studies of extracting second-order moment

r

2

c

and fourth-order moment

r

4

c

from the Coulomb form factors |F
C(q)|2 by the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) at the small momentum transfer q region. Based on the relativistic mean-field calculations, the DWBA form factors

F

C

D
W

(

q

)

are expanded into q
4, where the corresponding charge distributions are corrected by the contributions of neutron and spin–orbit densities. In the small q region, it is found that the experimental |F
C(q)|2 can be well reproduced by considering the contributions of the

r

4

c

at the small q region. Through further analyzing the second-order and fourth-order expansion coefficients of the

F

C

D
W

(

q

)

, the relationship between the expansion coefficients and proton number Z is obtained. By the relationship, we extract the

r

2

c

and

r

4

c

from the limited experimental data of form factors at the small q region. Within the permissible range of error, the extracted

r

n

c

are consistent with the experimental data in this paper.
Microturbulence in edge of a tokamak plasma with medium density and steep temperature gradient
Authors: Li Jingchun , Lin Zhihong , Dong Jiaqi , Xie Huasheng , Liu Songfen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Gyrokinetic simulations of electrostatic micro-turbulence have been carried out for transport barriers (TBs) in tokamak plasmas. It is found that the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode is dominant in the pedestal with medium density gradient and steep temperature gradient. The mode width shrinks with increase of the ratio of the density and temperature gradients, which is in good agreement with the analytic theory. Unstable mode with herringbone-like structure is excited in the simulation annulus. The simulation results also indicate that multiple ITG modes are induced by a high temperature gradient. Radial electric field shear decreases the mode growth rate while increases the real frequency. Finally, the generation of the GAM and its interaction with the turbulence are also observed in the nonlinear simulation.