bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Barrett's Esophagus in Female Patients With Scleroderma
Authors: Snyder Diana L. , Crowell Michael D. , Kahn Allon , Griffing W. Leroy , Umar Sarah , Ramirez Francisco C. 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Systemic sclerosis or scleroderma (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease that renders the esophagus prone to significant gastroesophageal reflux due to impaired esophageal clearance and reduced lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The reported prevalence of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in women with SSc varies from 2% to 37% and is derived from older studies with small sample sizes. We aimed to assess the prevalence of BE in a large cohort of women with SSc.

METHODS:
Women with SSc referred from the Mayo Clinic Arizona Rheumatology Clinic who completed esophagogastroduodenoscopy between 2002 and 2020 were included. Demographic and high-resolution manometry data were evaluated. The diagnosis of scleroderma was confirmed by an expert rheumatologist. The BE diagnosis was confirmed by an expert gastrointestinal pathologist.

RESULTS:
There were 235 women with SSc who underwent EGD. High-resolution manometry (HRM) was completed in 172 patients. Women with SSc with BE were significantly more likely to have scleroderma esophagus (absent contractility with hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter) on HRM than women with SSc without BE (P = 0.018). There were 30 patients with SSc (12.8%) with histologically proven BE. Dysplasia was found in 13 (43.3%): 4 with indefinite, 7 with low grade, and 2 with adenocarcinoma. The incidence of any dysplasia was 5.3% per year (0.9% per year for adenocarcinoma).

DISCUSSION:
This the largest study on prevalence of BE in women with SSc, yielding a prevalence of 12.8%. Women with SSc with BE were significantly more likely to have absent contractility with hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter findings on HRM. The high prevalence and incidence of dysplasia found suggest that women with SSc should be included in the screening recommendations for BE.
The structures of the GH13_36 amylases from Eubacterium rectale and Ruminococcus bromii reveal subsite architectures that favor maltose production
Authors: Cockburn Darrell W. , Cerqueira Filipe M. , Bahr Constance , Koropatkin Nicole M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bacteria in the human gut including Ruminococcus bromii and Eubacterium rectale encode starch-active enzymes that dictate how these bacteria interact with starch to initiate a metabolic cascade that leads to increased butyrate. Here, we determined the structures of two predicted secreted glycoside hydrolase 13 subfamily 36 (GH13_36) enzymes: ErAmy13B complexed with maltotetraose from E. rectale and RbAmy5 from R. bromii. The structures show a limited binding pocket extending from –2 through +2 subsites with limited possibilities for substrate interaction beyond this, which contributes to the propensity for members of this family to produce maltose as their main product. The enzyme structures reveal subtle differences in the +1/+2 subsites that may restrict the recognition of larger starch polymers by ErAmy13B. Our bioinformatic analysis of the biochemically characterized members of the GH13_36 subfamily, which includes the cell-surface GH13 SusG from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, suggests that these maltogenic amylases (EC 3.2.1.133) are usually localized to the outside of the cell, display a range of substrate preferences, and most likely contribute to maltose liberation at the cell surface during growth on starch. A broader comparison between GH13_36 and other maltogenic amylase subfamilies explain how the activity profiles of these enzymes are influenced by their structures.
Toys for Conviviality. Situating Commoning, Computation and Modelling
Authors: Savic Selena , Bedö Viktor , Büsse Michaela , Martins Yann , Miyazaki Shintaro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article explores the use of agent-based modelling as a critical and playful form of engagement with cooperative housing organizations. Because of its inherent complexities vis-à-vis decision-making, commoning is a well-suited field of study to explore the potential of humanities-driven experimental design (media) research to provoke critical reflection, problem-finding and productive complication. By introducing two different agent-based models, the interdisciplinary research team discusses their experience with setting up parameters for modelling, their implications, and the possibilities and limits of employing modelling techniques as a basis for decision-making. While it shows that modelling can be helpful in detecting long-term results of decisions or testing out effects of unlikely yet challenging events, modelling might act as a discursive practice uncovering hidden assumptions inherent in the model setup and generating an increase of scientific uncertainty. The project “ThinkingToys for Commoning” thus argues for a critical modelling practice and culture, in which models act as toys for probing alternative modes of living together and exploring the constructedness of methods. In countering late forms of capitalism, the resulting situated and critical practice provides avenues for enabling more self-determined forms of governance.
Representations of Black Masculinity in Oscar Micheaux’s Silent Film Within Our Gates
Authors: Chenini Fatma 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
My paper focuses on studying the representations of black masculinity in the Harlem Renaissance’s discourse, and investigates how these representations challenged the limited, reductive and one-dimensional stereotypes which were adopted and further disseminated by the popular culture of the time. To do so, I will analyze a number of black male characters depicted in the silent film, Within Our Gates (1920), of the African American filmmaker Oscar Micheaux.
Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Audience in Romania
Authors: Nicolae Cristina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present article analyses the issue of subtitling for the d/Deaf and hard-of-hearing audience in Romania, or more accurately put, the need for SDH services and the (postponed) implementation (on a large scale) of such projects that would pursue audience accessibility while following national and international regulations. At the same time, we detail on a selection of specific features of SDH, in both intralingual and interlingual parametres of television services.
Neural Population Dynamics Underlying Expected Value Computation
Authors: Yamada Hiroshi , Imaizumi Yuri , Matsumoto Masayuki 
Published: January 2021

Computation of expected values (i.e., probability × magnitude) seems to be a dynamic integrative process performed by the brain for efficient economic behavior. However, neural dynamics underlying this computation is largely unknown. Using lottery tasks in monkeys (Macaca mulatta, male;Macaca fuscata, female), we examined (1) whether four core reward-related brain regions detect and integrate probability and magnitude cued by numerical symbols and (2) whether these brain regions have distinct dynamics in the integrative process. Extraction of the mechanistic structure of neural population signals demonstrated that expected value signals simultaneously arose in the central orbitofrontal cortex (cOFC; medial part of area 13) and ventral striatum (VS). Moreover, these signals were incredibly stable compared with weak and/or fluctuating signals in the dorsal striatum and medial OFC. Temporal dynamics of these stable expected value signals were unambiguously distinct: sharp and gradual signal evolutions in the cOFC and VS, respectively. These intimate dynamics suggest that the cOFC and VS compute the expected values with unique time constants, as distinct, partially overlapping processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur results differ from those of earlier studies suggesting that many reward-related regions in the brain signal probability and/or magnitude and provide a mechanistic structure for expected value computation employed in multiple neural populations. A central part of the orbitofrontal cortex (cOFC) and ventral striatum (VS) can simultaneously detect and integrate probability and magnitude into an expected value. Our empirical study on these neural population dynamics raises a possibility that the cOFC and VS cooperate on this computation with unique time constants as distinct, partially overlapping processes.
Covert Attention Increases the Gain of Stimulus-Evoked Population Codes
Authors: Foster Joshua J. , Thyer William , Wennberg Janna W. , Awh Edward 
Published: January 2021

Covert spatial attention has a variety of effects on the responses of individual neurons. However, relatively little is known about the net effect of these changes on sensory population codes, even though perception ultimately depends on population activity. Here, we measured the EEG in human observers (male and female), and isolated stimulus-evoked activity that was phase-locked to the onset of attended and ignored visual stimuli. Using an encoding model, we reconstructed spatially selective population tuning functions from the pattern of stimulus-evoked activity across the scalp. Our EEG-based approach allowed us to measure very early visually evoked responses occurring ∼100 ms after stimulus onset. In Experiment 1, we found that covert attention increased the amplitude of spatially tuned population responses at this early stage of sensory processing. In Experiment 2, we parametrically varied stimulus contrast to test how this effect scaled with stimulus contrast. We found that the effect of attention on the amplitude of spatially tuned responses increased with stimulus contrast, and was well described by an increase in response gain (i.e., a multiplicative scaling of the population response). Together, our results show that attention increases the gain of spatial population codes during the first wave of visual processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe know relatively little about how attention improves population codes, even though perception is thought to critically depend on population activity. In this study, we used an encoding-model approach to test how attention modulates the spatial tuning of stimulus-evoked population responses measured with EEG. We found that attention multiplicatively scales the amplitude of spatially tuned population responses. Furthermore, this effect was present within 100 ms of stimulus onset. Thus, our results show that attention improves spatial population codes by increasing their gain at this early stage of processing.
La Part de la Russie dans l'Acceptation Française du Subconscient en Littérature
Authors: Baldensperger Fernand 
Published: January 2021

On trouve plus de rêves dans l'œuvre deDostoievsky que dans toute notre littérature classique.E. M. De Vogüé, Le Roman russe, p. 257.IL s'en faut, on le sait, que l'Occident ait dû être soudainement initié à des prestiges inconnus quand se révélèrent, plus ou moins indiscrètement, les attraits du subconscient comme un élément des lettres et des arts. Sans doute, avec Descartes, une philosophie d'idées “distinctes,” et bientôt une esthétique “raisonnable” l'emportaient sur ce que Gassendi et même Malebranche concédaient à la fantaisie ou à des résidus d'impressions, et l'Entendement humain de Locke n'admettait pas que l‘âme pût être vraiment active dans le sommeil; “un homme endormi, et pensant sans le savoir, est une autre personne que le même homme à l‘état de veille.”
Negative Capability and Wise Passiveness
Authors: Wigod Jacob D. 
Published: January 2021

Garrod, in his essay on Keats, equates Wordsworth's “wise passiveness” with Keats's “negative capability.” At least, he fancies that Keats's expression embodies “a quality not essentially different” from Wordsworth's. I contend that, in truth, the two are poles apart.In context, Garrod is referring to Keats's attitude toward Coleridge, as set forth in his famous letter of December 1817 to his brothers. Going to and returning from a Christmas pantomime with his friends Brown and Dilke, Keats had “not a dispute but a disquisition, with Dilke on various subjects”; whence, suddenly “several things dove-tailed in my mind, and at once it struck me what quality went to form a Man of Achievement, especially in Literature, and which Shakespeare possessed so enormously— I mean Negative Capability, that is, when a man is capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason—Coleridge, for instance, would let go by a fine isolated verisimilitude caught from the Penetralium of mystery, from being incapable of remaining content with half-knowledge.”2
Léxico especializado y léxico dialectal andaluz: voces de la construcción en documentos notariales del AHPC = Technical vocabulary and Andalusian dialect lexicon: voices of construction in AHPC notarial documents
Authors: Bastardín Candón Teresa 
Published: January 2021

A partir de la documentación notarial del AHPC, analizamos algunas voces del léxico de la construcción con objeto de comprobar la incidencia de aparición de este vocabulario sectorial y de examinar su grado de diferenciación diatópica. Se trata de valorar la relevancia de estas fuentes para el estudio histórico del vocabulario de especialidad en general y del dialectal andaluz en particular. Based on the notarial documentation from the AHPC, we analyze some voices from the construction lexicon in order to verify the incidence of the appearance of this sectoral vocabulary and to examine its degree of diatopic differentiation. The aim is to assess the relevance of these sources for the historical study of specialty vocabulary in general and of the Andalusian dialect in particular
Aetiological analysis of primary amenorrhea: a retrospective study
Authors: Jain Uma , Gupta Preeti 
Published: January 2021

Background: Primary amenorrhea is defined as the failure to reach menarche. Primary amenorrhea is the lack of menses by age 15 with secondary sex characteristics, or at 13 with absence of secondary sex characteristics. Objective was to determine various etiological factors of primary amenorrhea in Gynecological practice.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a Gynae clinic in Shivpuri and a Maternity hospital in Gwalior from January 2015 to December 2019. Results: A total of 57 of the patients were evaluated in the study period. Most of the patients were unmarried adolescent girls (71.92%). The most common presenting symptom was, not attained menarche (36.84%). Based on the presence or absence of breast and uterus: group, I – breast present and uterus present 13 cases (22.77%), group II - breast present and uterus absent 26 cases (45.61%), group III - breast absent and uterus present 17cases (29.79%), group IV - breast absent and uterus absent 1 case (1.75%) were present. The most common etiological factors were Mullerian Agenesis 22 cases (38.60%) and Gonadal dysgenesis 7 cases (12.28%). (56.14 %) cases were normogonadotropic, followed by (15.78%) cases were of Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, (14.03%) hypogonotropic hypogonadism and (14.03%) were of hyperendrogenism and others causes. In cases of Mullerian abnormalities, in findings of renal ultrasound or IVP (72.72%) cases were normal.Conclusions: The most common etiological factors of primary amenorrhea were Mullerian Agenesis. Amenorrhea is a common problem encountered by the primary care physician. A thorough history and clinical examination are needed for differential diagnosis.
Genital ambiguity: a cytogenetic evaluation of gender
Authors: Lekha K. S. , Bhagyam V. , Varghese P. D. , Manju M. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Genital ambiguity is a complex genetic disorder of sexual differentiation into male or female. The purpose of the present study is to correlate the sex of rearing with the genetic sex and to find out the prevalence of chromosomal anomalies in patients with ambiguous genitalia. The findings can help in proper diagnosis, genetic counselling, and the reassignment of sex, if necessary. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 22 patients from north Kerala, ranging in age from 17 days to 17 years, were included. All cases were subjected to the following: a detailed history, physical examination, evaluation of clinical data, and cytogenetic analysis. Based on the standard protocol, peripheral blood lymphocyte culture was done. Chromosomal analysis was carried out with the help of an automated karyotyping system after G-banding of chromosomes.Results: Out of the 22 patients with ambiguous genitalia, 12 patients were genetic females with karyotype 46, XX, and nine patients were genetic males with 46, XY karyotype. One was a rare variant of Klinefelter syndrome with karyotype 49, XXXXY. The most common diagnosis was congenital adrenal hyperplasia, followed by partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. Discrepancies between genetic sex and sex of rearing were noted in 27% of the cases.Conclusions: This study unfolds the variable etiology of ambiguous genitalia and emphasizes the importance of karyotyping in diagnosis, proper assignment of the sex, and appropriate management of patients with genital ambiguity.
Comparative study of heart rate variability in normotensive young adults with family history of hypertension
Authors: Wadoo Ovais K. , Sayeed Sheikh I. , Tramboo Mariya R. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Hypertension is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and cerebro-vascular diseases. Autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in the development of hypertension. The integrity of autonomic modulation of heart rate is evaluated by analysing heart rate variability (HRV), which refers to oscillations in the intervals between consecutive heartbeats or R-R intervals. The present study was designed to analyse the indices of heart rate variability in the offsprings of hypertensive parents and off springs of normotensive parents to understand if there is any autonomic imbalance between the two groups. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar. The test group consisted of 30 healthy normotensive subjects studying in 1st year of MBBS with hypertensive parents and the control group consisted of healthy normotensive of 1st year of MBBS with both parents normotensive. In time domain analysis the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals {SDNN(ms)} was taken as index of overall HRV. Frequency domain analysis was done with respect to low frequency (LF) analysis and high frequency (HF) analysis. Low and high frequency power were expressed in normalized units.Results: The SDNN was reduced in cases but was not statistically significant. RMSSD was also reduced in cases though not statistically significant. LFnu was found to be significantly higher in cases. The HFnu was significantly reduced in cases. LF/HF ratio was found to be higher in cases and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study reveals that incidence of prehypertension and the risk of cardiovascular dysfunction in relation to sympathovagal imbalance is more in the off springs of hypertensive parents than in the off springs of normotensive parents. Sympathovagal imbalance in the form of increased sympathetic drive and decreased parasympathetic drive can lead to prehypertension in these genetically predisposed individuals.
Building Vulnerability Predictive Indicator for the Banking Sector
Authors: Afreen Maria 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For risk and capital measurement, banks and other financial institutions need to meet forthcoming regulatory requirements. However, it is a serious issue to think that meeting regulatory requirements is the sole or even the most important reason for establishing a scientific, sound risk management system. To direct capital to activities with the best risk/reward ratios, managers need reliable risk measures. To stay within the limits imposed by readily available liquidity, by creditors, customers, and regulators, they need estimates of the size of potential losses. They need mechanisms to monitor positions and create incentives for prudent risk-taking by divisions and individuals. Risk measurement deals with the quantification of risk exposures, whereas risk management refers to the overall process by which managers satisfy these needs and follows to define a business strategy, to detect the risks to which are visible, quantifying those risks, and to control and understand the nature of the risks it faces. This research focuses on the economic vulnerability faced by banks in the financial sector in terms of the crises issues perspective of economic distress. Here, the methodology followed is based on the CAMELS framework variables. CAMELS is an abbreviation for: capital adequacy (C), asset (A), management (M), earnings (E), liquidity (L) and sensitivity to market risk (S). Based on these terminologies, a couple of variables should be selected, such as capital asset ratio, non-performing loan, cost income ratio, industry production index, non-interest income, reserve of gold, inflation, stock turnover ratio, real interest rate as component series and return on equity (RoE) as reference series to identify the turning points of economic vulnerability in the banking sector in Bangladesh. Thus, by forecasting the directional changes it could make policymakers aware of changes in the financial markets and banking economy and allow them to undertake preventive steps for remedial purposes. The constructed MPI should have a remarkable lead time of about not less than 6 months on average in case of prediction against the leading for reference Series.By mending the financial efficacy of investment banks. Bangladesh also should improve their corresponding banking system to implement these suggestions.
THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE MODELS ON HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE AND MEET PHYSICAL QUALITY IN GARUT SHEEP
Authors: Permana Ronnie , Yamin Mohamad , Priyanto Rudy , Gunawan Asep , Astuti Dewi Apri 
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise levels on the hematological and metabolical status, and carcass quality of Garut sheep. In total 24 of Garut sheep used in this study. The levels of exercise contain three treatments namely non exercise, semi exercise and exercise. Blood collection through the jugular vein of sheep samples was carried out at the end of the study, using a 5 mL EDTA tube to measure the haematological condition of the animal sample. Likewise, collecting muscle samples to determine the physical quality of meat.The data was analyzed by analysis of variance and continued by Duncan test for a post hoc test. The results showed that the models of exercise were not significantly (P0.05) affected to hematological level and also carccas quality including juiceness, tenderness, drip loss and water holding capacity. Organoleptic sensory using semiexercise was more favourable meat compare to exercise and non exercise. While for the colour of meat, non exercise treatment was significantly (P0.05) affected to the colour of meat compare to exercise and semi exercise. Furthermore the semi exercise was the best treatment to produce fresh taste meat with good sensory characteristic.