bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of temperature and humidity on acute myocardial infarction hospitalization in a super-aging society
Authors: Higuma Takumi , Yoneyama Kihei , Nakai Michikazu , Kaihara Toshiki , Sumita Yoko , Watanabe Mika , Doi Shunichi , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Satoshi , Ishibashi Yuki , Izumo Masaki , Tanabe Yasuhiro , Harada Tomoo , Ogawa Hisao , Akashi Yoshihiro J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWeather conditions affect the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, little is known on the association of weather temperature and humidity with AMI hospitalizations in a super-aging society. This study sought to examine this association. We included 87,911 consecutive patients with AMI admitted to Japanese acute-care hospitals between April 1, 2012 and March 31, 2015. The primary outcome was the number of AMI hospitalizations per day. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models were used to estimate the association of the average temperature and humidity, 1 day before hospital admission, with AMI hospitalizations, after adjusting for weather, hospital, and patient demographics.Lower temperature and humidity were associated with an increased number of AMI hospitalizations (coefficient − 0.500 [− 0.524 to − 0.474] per °C change, p < 0.001 and coefficient − 0.012 [− 0.023 to − 0.001] per % change, p = 0.039, respectively). The effects of temperature and humidity on AMI hospitalization did not differ by age and sex (all interaction p > 0.05), but differed by season. However, higher temperatures in spring (coefficient 0.089 [0.025 to 0.152] per °C change, p = 0.010) and higher humidity in autumn (coefficient 0.144 [0.121 to 0.166] per % change, p < 0.001) were risk factors for AMI hospitalization. Increased average temperatures and humidity, 1 day before hospitalization, are associated with a decreased number of AMI hospitalizations.
2D perovskite-based high spatial resolution X-ray detectors
Authors: Datta Amlan , Fiala John , Motakef Shariar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractX-ray radiography is the most widely used imaging technique with applications encompassing medical and industrial imaging, homeland security, and materials research. Although a significant amount of research and development has gone into improving the spatial resolution of the current state-of-the-art indirect X-ray detectors, it is still limited by the detector thickness and microcolumnar structure quality. This paper demonstrates high spatial resolution X-ray imaging with solution-processable two-dimensional hybrid perovskite single-crystal scintillators grown inside microcapillary channels as small as 20 µm. These highly scalable non-hygroscopic detectors demonstrate excellent spatial resolution similar to the direct X-ray detectors. X-ray imaging results of a camera constructed using this scintillator show Modulation Transfer Function values significantly better than the current state-of-the-art X-ray detectors. These structured detectors open up a new era of low-cost large-area ultrahigh spatial resolution high frame rate X-ray imaging with numerous applications.
The emergence of high room temperature in-plane and out-of-plane magnetostriction in polycrystalline CoFe2O4 film
Authors: Guchhait Suman , Aireddy H. , Das A. K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe polycrystalline CoFe2O4 (CFO) film on cantilever substrate of silicon was grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method and investigated its in-plane and out-of-plane magnetostrictive strain at room temperature (300 K) using the indigenous optical Cantilever Beam Magnetometer (CBM). The film shows a high compressive magnetostrictive strain of ‒ 387 ppm and ‒ 708 ppm for in-plane and out-of-plane configurations, respectively. Considerably, the magnetostrictive strain loops (λ‒H) possess a certain degree of hysteresis with a symmetric butterfly shape. The origin of large compressive magnetostriction of CFO film is attributed to the non-180° domain wall motion followed by 90° domain rotation. The large values of saturation magnetostrictive strain make CFO film a suitable candidate in sensor design for different purposes.
An integrated host-microbiome response to atrazine exposure mediates toxicity in Drosophila
Authors: Brown James B. , Langley Sasha A. , Snijders Antoine M. , Wan Kenneth H. , Morris Siti Nur Sarah , Booth Benjamin W. , Fisher William W. , Hammonds Ann S. , Park Soo , Weiszmann Richard , Yu Charles , Kirwan Jennifer A. , Weber Ralf J. M. , Viant Mark R. , Mao Jian-Hua , Celniker Susan E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe gut microbiome produces vitamins, nutrients, and neurotransmitters, and helps to modulate the host immune system—and also plays a major role in the metabolism of many exogenous compounds, including drugs and chemical toxicants. However, the extent to which specific microbial species or communities modulate hazard upon exposure to chemicals remains largely opaque. Focusing on the effects of collateral dietary exposure to the widely used herbicide atrazine, we applied integrated omics and phenotypic screening to assess the role of the gut microbiome in modulating host resilience in Drosophila melanogaster. Transcriptional and metabolic responses to these compounds are sex-specific and depend strongly on the presence of the commensal microbiome. Sequencing the genomes of all abundant microbes in the fly gut revealed an enzymatic pathway responsible for atrazine detoxification unique to Acetobacter tropicalis. We find that Acetobacter tropicalis alone, in gnotobiotic animals, is sufficient to rescue increased atrazine toxicity to wild-type, conventionally reared levels. This work points toward the derivation of biotic strategies to improve host resilience to environmental chemical exposures, and illustrates the power of integrative omics to identify pathways responsible for adverse health outcomes.
Theoretical investigation of energy levels and transition for Ce IV
Authors: Rynkun P. , Banerjee S. , Gaigalas G. , Tanaka M. , Radžiūtė L. , Kato D. 
Published: November 2021

Aims. We present extensive energy level and transition data for the Ce IV spectrum. By providing accurate atomic data, we evaluate the impact of atomic data on the opacity in the neutron star merger ejecta.
Methods. We performed energy spectra and transition data calculations using the GRASP2018 package, which is based on the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods, and the HULLAC code, which is based on a parametric potential method.
Results. We present energy spectra calculated for the 225 levels for the Ce3+ ion. Energy levels are compared with recommended values from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and other available works. The root-mean-square (rms) deviations obtained for the GRASP2018 energy levels of the 5p6nl configurations from the NIST data are 1270 cm−1. The rms deviations for the HULLAC results from the NIST data are 5780 cm−1. Furthermore, electric dipole (E1) transition data, line strengths, weighted oscillator strengths, and transition rates are computed between the above levels. The computed transition rates are compared with other theoretical computations. We also evaluate the accuracy of the wave functions and transition parameters by analyzing the dependencies of the line strength S on the gauge parameter G. The gauge dependency method also allows us to determine the transitions for which the ratio between the Babushkin and Coulomb gauges shows real agreement between forms and the transitions for which the agreement between both gauges is random. Using the GRASP2018 and HULLAC data, the opacities in the neutron star merger ejecta are also calculated. We find that the opacity of Ce IV is higher than that presented by previous works, which is because of the higher completeness of our atomic data. Although the differences in the energy levels and transition probabilities cause different features in the opacity spectrum, the Planck mean opacities of both data sets agree within 20%.
Analysis of 180 Genetic Variants in a New Interactive FX Variant Database Reveals Novel Insights into FX Deficiency
Authors: Harris Victoria A. , Lin Weining , Perkins Stephen J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoagulation factor X (FX), often termed as Stuart–Prower factor, is a plasma glycoprotein composed of the γ-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) domain, two epidermal growth factor domains (EGF-1 and EGF-2), and the serine protease (SP) domain. FX plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade, activating thrombin to promote platelet plug formation and prevent excess blood loss. Genetic variants in FX disrupt coagulation and lead to FX or Stuart–Prower factor deficiency. To better understand the relationship between FX deficiency and disease severity, an interactive FX variant database has been set up at
https://www.factorx-db.org
, based on earlier web sites for the factor-XI and -IX coagulation proteins. To date (April 2021), we report 427 case reports on FX deficiency corresponding to 180 distinct F10 genetic variants. Of
these, 149 are point variants (of which 128 are missense), 22 are deletions, 3 are insertions, and 6 are polymorphisms. FX variants are phenotypically classified as being type I or II. Type-I variants involve the simultaneous reduction of FX coagulant activity (FX:C) and FX antigen levels (FX:Ag), whereas type-II variants involve a reduction in FX:C with normal FX:Ag plasma levels. Both types of variants were distributed throughout the FXa protein structure. Analyses based on residue surface accessibilities showed the most damaging variants to occur at residues with low accessibilities. The interactive FX web database provides a novel easy-to-use resource for clinicians and scientists to improve the understanding of FX deficiency. Guidelines are provided for clinicians who wish to use the database for diagnostic purposes.
Blood Pressure Goals: Is Cerebral Saturation the New Mean Arterial Pressure?
Authors: McKim Kevin J. , Lucafo Stephen , Bhombal Shazia , Bain Lisa , Chock Valerie Y. 
Published: November 2021

Objective The objective of this article was to correlate hypotension and cerebral saturation from near-infrared spectroscopy (cNIRS) in neonates on dopamine.
Study Design Retrospective review of neonates receiving dopamine between August 2018 and 2019 was performed. Hypotension thresholds included mean arterial pressure (MAP) of postmenstrual age (PMA) ± 5 and 30 mm Hg and gestational age (GA) ± 5 mm Hg. Time below threshold MAP was compared with time with cerebral hypoxia (cNIRS <55%).
Results Hypotension occurred 6 to 33% of the time on dopamine in 59 cases. Hypotension did not correlate with abnormal cNIRS overall, within PMA subgroups or by outcomes. Hypotensive periods with MAP < GA had fewer corresponding percent time with abnormal cNIRS events (3.7 ± 1.3%) compared with MAP < PMA (11.9 ± 4.9%, p < 0.003) or 30 mm Hg thresholds (12.2 ± 4.7%, p < 0.0001). In most premature infants, mean cNIRS values during hypotension were still within normal range (57 ± 6%).
Conclusion cNIRS may be a more clinically relevant measure than MAP for the assessment of neonatal hypotension.
Key Points
See Spot save lives: fear, humanitarianism, and war in the development of robot quadrupeds
Authors: Moses Jeremy , Ford Geoffrey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBoston Dynamics’ robotic quadrupeds have achieved infamy and virality through a series of social media videos since 2008. In 2019 Boston Dynamics began commercial sale of ‘Spot’, a moving, sensing, networked robot dog. Spot has been designed to be a platform, which can be augmented with hardware payloads (e.g. sensors, robotic arm) and software to command Spot to conduct specific missions. In this paper we first trace the development of Spot and highlight the interest of the United States military in its development. This is followed by our text analysis of social media reactions to Boston Dynamics’ quadrupeds, revealing public fascination as well as ongoing suspicion and dark humour about ‘killer robots’. We then discuss how humanitarian applications, including in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, have been used as an opportunity to promote Spot and overcome public negativity. This is an example of a more general strategy advocates use to garner acceptance for autonomous robots in both civilian and military roles using humanitarian justifications: the robots ‘save lives.’ We conclude by discussing how Spot and other robot quadrupeds demonstrate the intertwining of humanitarian and military applications in the development, normalization and deployment of autonomous robots.
Evolutionary change in the construction of the nursery environment when parents are prevented from caring for their young directly
Authors: Duarte Ana , Rebar Darren , Hallett Allysa C. , Jarrett Benjamin J. M. , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Parents can care for offspring directly by giving them food or warmth, for example, or they can help them without direct contact via an extended phenotype by manipulating the nursery environment in which offspring develop. Using an experimental evolution approach, we prevented parents from directly supplying care to their offspring and observed how the extended care phenotype and offspring traits evolved in response. We found that depriving offspring of direct care caused rapid adaptive change in the construction of the nursery environment, which rescued offspring from otherwise poor developmental conditions. Overall, offspring tended to perform better when transplanted to a nursery environment constructed by parents of their own lineage, suggesting that offspring adapt to the evolved extended parental phenotype.
Chromatin bridges, not micronuclei, activate cGAS after drug-induced mitotic errors in human cells
Authors: Flynn Patrick J. , Koch Peter D. , Mitchison Timothy J. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Cancer chemotherapeutic drugs that induce mitotic errors may cause tumor regression in part through the induction of interferon signaling. To test this idea, we measured the ability of antimitotic drugs with different mechanisms to activate the cGAS–STING–interferon pathway. Only microtubule stabilizers and MPS1 inhibitors activated cGAS, and this correlated with their ability to generate cGAS-coated chromatin bridges. We propose that chromatin bridges activate cGAS through a tension-dependent mechanism that depends on cytokinesis. Our results may explain the clinical failure of antimitotic drugs and help to design improved drugs.
Actinobacteria challenge the paradigm: A unique protein architecture for a well-known, central metabolic complex
Authors: Bruch Eduardo M. , Vilela Pierre , Yang Lu , Boyko Alexandra , Lexa-Sapart Norik , Raynal Bertrand , Alzari Pedro M. , Bellinzoni Marco 
Published: November 2021

Significanceα-oxoacid dehydrogenase are large, evolutionary-conserved multienzymatic complexes that carry out key oxidative reactions in central metabolism. For decades, these complexes were thought to share a similar organization in all aerobic organisms, structured around a hollow core resulting from the high oligomeric arrangement of the acyltransferase component. Here, we show that Actinobacteria, one of the largest eubacterial phyla, break this “dogma” owing to a distinct trimeric acyltransferase core. We provide a structural explanation to this different oligomeric architecture and show how this feature, related to a fusion of two genes coding for 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, constitutes a trait of Actinobacteria providing a different perspective on the evolution of these metabolic complexes.
Complaining, teasing, and meme-framing
Authors: Tong Ying , Xie Chaoqun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article explores the pragmatic act of complaining on WeChat Moments (henceforth Moments) focusing on the following question: When complaints are made in a social context where ratified viewers are hard to define, how are such acts constructed and construed? The multimodal data under study come from a project designed to address the under-examined issue of indirect complaints in Chinese social media. Drawing on the conceptualization of frame analysis in pragmatic studies and informed by a conversation analytical approach, this article proposes the concept ofsocial complaints, accounting for how Moments users employ it performatively to deal with serious matters, to socialize and to manage rapport with people in their social networks. Teasing, it is found, is often performed in both complaints and responses to the complaints, which manifests Moments users’ flexible positioning strategies in handling interpersonal relations.
Modulation of interfacial magnetic relaxation timeframes by partially uncoupled exchange bias
Authors: Bakhmetiev Maxim , Talantsev Artem , Sadovnikov Alexandr , Morgunov Roman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A set of partially uncoupled NiFe/Cu/IrMn exchange biased thin films with variable thickness of non-magnetic Cu spacer is characterized by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and Brillouin light scattering (BLS) techniques applied complementary to reveal time-scale dependent effects of uncoupling between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers on high-frequency magnetization dynamics. The results correlate with interfacial grain texture variations and static magnetization behavior. Two types of crystalline phases with correlated microwave response are revealed at the ferro–antiferromagnet interface in NiFe/Cu/IrMn thin films. The 1st phase forms well-textured NiFe/IrMn grains with NiFe (111)/IrMn (111) interface. The 2nd phase consists of amorphous NiFe/IrMn grains. Intercalation of NiFe/IrMn by Cu clusters results in relaxation of tensile strains at the NiFe/IrMn interface leading to larger size of grains in both the NiFe and IrMn layers. The contributions of well-textured and amorphous grains to the high-frequency magnetization reversal behavior are distinguished by FMR and BLS techniques. Generation of a spin-wave mode is revealed in the well-textured phase, whereas microwave response of the amorphous phase is found to originate from magnetization rotation dominated by a rotatable magnetic anisotropy term. Under fixed FMR frequency, the increase of Cu thickness results in higher magnetization rotation frequencies in the amorphous grains.
Review of engagement activities to promote awareness of radiation and its associated risk amongst the Japanese public before and after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Authors: Sakoda Akihiro , Nomura Naoki , Kuroda Yujiro , Kono Takahiko , Naito Wataru , Yoshida Hiroko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011, many radiation experts directly experienced a vast gap between ideal and real public understanding (PU) of radiation in risk communication. Therefore, this study collated and reviewed information about PU activities for radiation and its risk that six Japanese academic societies—which seem to be socially neutral expert communities—related to radiation and radiation risk conducted before and after the accident. Activities these radiation-related societies provided to the general public were discussed from the following perspectives: (a) difficulties in two-way communication due to resources, motivation and public interest and concerns; (b) balance between academic research and PU activities; (c) academic societies’ building trust with the public while ensuring member experts’ neutrality and independence; and (d) discussions among academic societies to prepare for public engagement. We hope that this paper encourages experts and academic societies in radiation protection to hold more national and international discussions about their roles in public communication and outreach.
The role of empathy in ethics of radiological protection
Authors: Zölzer Friedo , Zölzer Neysan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Radiological protection is often considered a matter of scientific and technological facts only, not of value judgements. This perception is now gradually changing, especially with ICRP Publication 138, which addressed the ethical foundation of the system of radiological protection. It identified values which have guided the Commission’s recommendations over the decades, but have not always been made explicit. Four core values are discussed (beneficence/non-maleficence, prudence, justice, dignity) as well as three procedural values (accountability, transparency, inclusivity). The latter are considered critical to the practical implementation of the system of radiological protection. Here we are exploring empathy as a procedural values complementing the three identified in ICRP Publication 138. Empathy can be defined as the ‘capability (or disposition) to immerse oneself in and to reflect upon the experiences, perspectives and contexts of others’. It is often understood as a skill that one either has or has not, but research has shown it can be taught and therefore can be required as an attitude of those working in health care, education, design, and technology. We suggest it is an essential prerequisite to the assessment and management of any radiological situation and the health problems accruing from it. The concerns of people affected, their needs and wishes need to be taken seriously from the very beginning of any decision-making process. Even if they are considered unfounded and exaggerated, the insights they provide will be valuable for the understanding of the overall situation. Without empathy, our practice of beneficence and non-maleficence as well as solidarity would be oddly limited.
Improving robustness of a deep learning-based lung-nodule classification model of CT images with respect to image noise
Authors: Gao Yin , Xiong Jennifer , Shen Chenyang , Jia Xun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. Robustness is an important aspect to consider, when developing methods for medical image analysis. This study investigated robustness properties of deep neural networks (DNNs) for a lung nodule classification problem based on CT images and proposed a solution to improve robustness. Approach. We firstly constructed a class of four DNNs with different widths, each predicting an output label (benign or malignant) for an input CT image cube containing a lung nodule. These networks were trained to achieve Area Under the Curve of 0.891–0.914 on a testing dataset. We then added to the input CT image cubes noise signals generated randomly using a realistic CT image noise model based on a noise power spectrum at 100 mAs, and monitored the DNNs output change. We defined SAR
5(%) to quantify the robustness of the trained DNN model, indicating that for 5% of CT image cubes, the noise can change the prediction results with a chance of at least SAR
5(%). To understand robustness, we viewed the information processing pipeline by the DNN as a two-step process, with the first step using all but the last layers to extract representations of the input CT image cubes in a latent space, and the second step employing the last fully-connected layer as a linear classifier to determine the position of the sample representations relative to a decision plane. To improve robustness, we proposed to retrain the last layer of the DNN with a Supporting Vector Machine (SVM) hinge loss function to enforce the desired position of the decision plane. Main results. SAR
5 ranged in 47.0%–62.0% in different DNNs. The unrobustness behavior may be ascribed to the unfavorable placement of the decision plane in the latent representation space, which made some samples be perturbed to across the decision plane and hence susceptible to noise. The DNN-SVM model improved robustness over the DNN model and reduced SAR
5 by 8.8%–21.0%. Significance. This study provided insights about the potential reason for the unrobustness behavior of DNNs and the proposed DNN-SVM model improved model robustness.