bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning to predict distal caries in mandibular second molars associated with impacted third molars
Authors: Hur Sung-Hwi , Lee Eun-Young , Kim Min-Kyung , Kim Somi , Kang Ji-Yeon , Lim Jae Seok 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImpacted mandibular third molars (M3M) are associated with the occurrence of distal caries on the adjacent mandibular second molars (DCM2M). In this study, we aimed to develop and validate five machine learning (ML) models designed to predict the occurrence of DCM2Ms due to the proximity with M3Ms and determine the relative importance of predictive variables for DCM2Ms that are important for clinical decision making. A total of 2642 mandibular second molars adjacent to M3Ms were analyzed and DCM2Ms were identified in 322 cases (12.2%). The models were trained using logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, artificial neural network, and extreme gradient boosting ML methods and were subsequently validated using testing datasets. The performance of the ML models was significantly superior to that of single predictors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the machine learning models ranged from 0.88 to 0.89. Six features (sex, age, contact point at the cementoenamel junction, angulation of M3Ms, Winter's classification, and Pell and Gregory classification) were identified as relevant predictors. These prediction models could be used to detect patients at a high risk of developing DCM2M and ultimately contribute to caries prevention and treatment decision-making for impacted M3Ms.
A specialized myodural bridge named occipital-dural muscle in the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)
Authors: Zhang Zhao-Xi , Gong Jin , Yu Sheng-Bo , Li Chan , Sun Jing-Xian , Ding Shuai-Wen , Ma Guo-Jun , Sun Shi-Zhu , Zhou Lin , Hack Gary D. , Zheng Nan , Sui Hong-Jin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA dense bridge-like tissue named the myodural bridge (MDB) connecting the suboccipital muscles to the spinal dura mater was originally discovered in humans. However, recent animal studies have revealed that the MDB appears to be an evolutionarily conserved anatomic structure which may have significant physiological functions. Our previous investigations have confirmed the existence of the MDB in finless porpoises. The present authors conducted research to expound on the specificity of the MDB in the porpoise Neophocana asiaeorientalis (N.asiaeorientalis). Five carcasses of N.asiaeorientalis, with formalin fixation, were used for the present study. Two of the carcasses were used for head and neck CT scanning, three-dimensional reconstructions, and gross dissection of the suboccipital region. Another carcass was used for a P45 plastination study. Also, a carcass was used for a histological analysis of the suboccipital region and also one was used for a Scanning Electron Microscopy study. The results revealed that the MDB of the N.asiaeorientalis is actually an independent muscle originating from the caudal border of the occiput, passing through the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace, and then attaches to the cervical spinal dura mater. Thus the so called MDB of the N.asiaeorientalis is actually an independent and uniquely specialized muscle. Based on the origin and insertion of this muscle, the present authors name it the ‘Occipital-Dural Muscle’. It appears that the direct pull of this muscle on the cervical spinal dura mater may affect the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid by altering the volume of the subarachnoid space via a pumping action.
Exciton dynamics in monolayer graphene grown on a Cu(111) surface
Authors: Park Youngsin , Ying Guanhua , Taylor Robert A. , Hwang Chan C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe have characterized the carrier dynamics of the excitonic emission emerging from a monolayer of graphene grown on a Cu(111) surface. Excitonic emission from the graphene, with strong and sharp peaks both with a full-width at half-maximum of 2.7 meV, was observed near ~3.16 and ~3.18 eV at 4.2 K. The carrier recombination parameters were studied by measuring both temperature-dependent and time-resolved photoluminescence. The intensity variation with temperature of these two peaks shows an opposing trend. The time-resolved emission was modelled using coupled differential equations and the decay time was found to be dominated by carrier trapping and Auger recombination as the temperature increased.
Successive syntheses and magnetic properties of homodinuclear lanthanide macrocyclic complexes
Authors: Li Xiang , Liu Yu-Han , Zhu Guang-Zhou , Yang Feng-Lei , Gao Feng 
Published: July 2021

Two series of homodinuclear lanthanide macrocyclic complexes with D4d symmetry have been successively synthesized. Magnetic studies reveal ferromagnetic interactions between Dy3+ or Tb3+ centres and typical SMM behaviors for Dy complexes 1 and 4.
The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS)
Authors: Emsenhuber Alexandre , Mordasini Christoph , Burn Remo , Alibert Yann , Benz Willy , Asphaug Erik 
Published: July 2021

Context.The explosion of observational data on exoplanets gives many constraints on theoretical models of planet formation and evolution. Observational data probe very large areas of the parameter space and many different planet properties.Aims.Comparing theoretical models with observations allows one to take a key step forward towards understanding planetary systems. It however requires a model able to (i) predict all the necessary observable quantities (not only masses and orbits, but also radii, luminosities, magnitudes, or evaporation rates) and (ii) address the large range in relevant planetary masses (from Mars mass to super-Jupiters) and distances (from stellar-grazing to wide orbits).Methods.We have developed a combined global end-to-end planetary formation and evolution model, the Generation III Bern model, based on the core accretion paradigm. This model solves as directly as possible the underlying differential equations for the structure and evolution of the gas disc, the dynamical state of the planetesimals, the internal structure of the planets yielding their planetesimal and gas accretion rates, disc-driven orbital migration, and the gravitational interaction of concurrently forming planets via a fullN-body calculation. Importantly, the model also follows the long-term evolution of the planets on gigayear timescales after formation including the effects of cooling and contraction, atmospheric escape, bloating, and stellar tides.Results.To test the model, we compared it with classical scenarios of Solar System formation. For the terrestrial planets, we find that we obtain a giant impact phase of protoplanet-protoplanet collisions provided enough embryos (~100) are initially emplaced in the disc. For the giant planets, we find that Jupiter-mass planets must accrete their core shortly before the dispersal of the gas disc to prevent strong inward migration that would bring them to the inner edge of the disc. Regarding the emergence of entire planetary systems, many aspects can be understood with the comparison of the timescales of growth and migration, the capture into resonances, and the consequences of large-scale dynamical instabilities caused by the gravitational interactions of protoplanets, including the situation when a second core starts runaway gas accretion.Conclusions.The Generation III Bern model provides one of the most comprehensive global end-to-end models of planetary system formation and evolution developed so far, linking a multitude of crucial physical processes self-consistently. The model can form planetary systems with a wide range of properties. We find that systems with only terrestrial planets are often well-ordered (in period, mass, and radius), while giant-planet bearing systems show no such similarity. In a series of papers, the model will be used to perform extensive planetary population syntheses, putting the current theoretical understanding of planet formation and evolution to the observational test.
Tips and Pearls for Tracheostomy during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kaushal Darwin , Goyal Shilpa , Nair Nithin Prakasan , Soni Kapil , Choudhury Bikram , Kumari Meena , Chhabra Swati , Goyal Amit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe number of critically-ill coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) patients requiring mechanical ventilation is on the rise. Most guidelines suggest keeping the patient intubated and delay elective tracheostomy. Although the current literature does not support early tracheostomy, the number of patients undergoing it is increasing. During the pandemic, it is important that surgeons and anesthesiologists know the different aspects of tracheostomy in terms of indication, procedure, tube care and complications. A literature search was performed to identify different guidelines and available evidence on tracheostomy in Covid-19 patients. The purpose of the present article is to generate an essential scientific evidence for life-saving tracheostomy procedures.
Effect of subsidies and regulatory exemptions on 2020–2030 oil and gas production and profits in the United States
Authors: Achakulwisut Ploy , Erickson Peter , Koplow Doug 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The United States has supported the development of its oil and gas industry since the early twentieth century. Despite repeated pledges to phase out ‘inefficient’ fossil fuel subsidies, US oil and gas production continues to be subsidized by billions of dollars each year. In this study, we quantify how 16 subsidies and regulatory exemptions individually and altogether affect the economics of US oil and gas production in 2020–2030 under different price and financial risk outlooks. We find that, at 2019 average market prices of oil and gas, the 16 subsidies could increase the average rates of return of yet-to-be-developed oil and gas fields by 55% and 68% over unsubsidized levels, respectively, with over 96% of subsidy value flowing to excess profits under a 10% hurdle rate. At lower 2020 prices, the subsidies could increase the average rates of return of new oil and gas fields by 63% and 78% over unsubsidized levels, respectively, with more than 60% of oil and gas resources being dependent on subsidies to be profitable under a 20% hurdle rate. Under all price scenarios analyzed, the highest-value subsidies include federal tax incentives that have existed since 1916, as well as less recognized forms of support such as cost exemptions related to well cleanup and hazardous waste management. Given that these results depend on our chosen definitions of what constitutes a subsidy and, in some cases, assumptions regarding what the unsubsidized practices should be, we also present results for selected subsets of subsidies. By showing which subsidies have the greatest effects in different producing regions of the country, our findings can help policymakers chart a schedule of targeted subsidy repeals and regulatory reforms that can contribute to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and achieving other sustainable development goals. Our results can also help inform how different choices about economic recovery measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic can shape the US oil and gas industry in the years to come.
Strong influence of convective heat transfer efficiency on the cooling benefits of green roof irrigation
Authors: Wang Linying , Huang Maoyi , Li Dan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
By enhancing evapotranspiration (ET), green roofs provide cooling benefits for the urban environment and are recognized as a promising heat mitigation strategy. The evaporative cooling effects of green roofs strongly depend on the soil moisture conditions and thus irrigation may be needed to sustain the cooling benefits. It has been shown that the magnitude of cooling benefits offered by green roof irrigation varies spatially, but its controlling factors remain elusive. In this study, we combine a surface energy balance (SEB) model with global simulations generated by an improved Earth System Model to illustrate the key factors controlling the cooling benefits of green roof irrigation. We employ a simple irrigation scheme, which is only active when there is no ice in soil layers and when the soil moisture is below field capacity. As a result, most of the irrigation water leaves the green roof system via ET. We find that the magnitude and also the spatial variability of the cooling benefits of green roof irrigation are controlled by the irrigation amount, and a surface energy redistribution factor that encodes the efficiencies of different SEB components in transferring heat. Further analysis indicates that the enhancement of latent heat flux due to irrigation is largely balanced by the reduction of sensible heat flux on green roofs. Therefore, the amount of irrigation needed per unit decrease of green roof surface temperature is mainly controlled by the convective heat transfer efficiency. A lower convective heat transfer efficiency (e.g. under a lower wind speed) helps reduce the amount of irrigation needed per unit decrease of green roof surface temperature. This study highlights the importance of SEB in constraining the cooling benefits of green roof irrigation and provides valuable guidance for urban planners and policy makers in terms of heat mitigation and sustainable water management.
Substitution of ZA with organic fertilizer on the cultivation of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: Mufidah R A , Pujiasmanto B , Sulistyo T D , Supriyono  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate change causing problems for many cultivated crops. Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) requires specific environmental and climatic conditions to grow optimally. Fertilization is one of the efforts to increase the yield of porang in the midst of unpredictable climate change. This study aims to determine the effect of substitution (inorganic with organic fertilizer) on porang cultivation to get the right fertilizer dosage to recommend to farmers. This research was held on March - July 2020 in BKPH Pojok agricultural land, Purwodadi, Central Java which has an average elevation 498.7 m asl and a normal temperature range between 26°-28,5°Celcious. This research was using Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) one factor - dosage comparison of ZA and organic fertilizer consist of: 100:0%, 75:25%, 50:50%, 25:75%, 0:100%, and 0:0% in four replications. The highest yield was obtained by treating 100% ZA fertilizer (increasing yield of 86.79% with a total yield of 19.8 tons/ha). Substitution of 75% ZA fertilizer with 25% organic fertilizer and 100% organic fertilizer gave no significant difference effect (increasing yield of 32.08% - 37.73% with total yield of 14 - 14.6 tons/ha).
Soil carbon stocks in various types of land use in West Lombok
Authors: Bakti L A A , Wandiatari F D , Kusumo B H , Sukartono  , Fahrudin  , Virgiawan M A , Suwardji  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Organic carbon greatly affects soil physical, chemical and biological fertility, so that this soil property is an indicator in determining soil health and quality. The amount of carbon stored in the soil can change due to land use, and its transformation from the ground to the air in the form of CO2, which can lead to global warming. This study aims to determine soil carbon stocks in various types of land use in West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. A number of soil samples (disturbed and undisturbed samples) were collected from various types of land use (forest, garden, paddy field, dry land and shrubs) using a soil drill (ring diameter 5.8 cm) from 3 depths; 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm. Disturbed samples were dried, ground, sieved with a 2.00 mm sieve diameter, and analysed for their C-organic content using the Walkley and Black methods. Meanwhile, the undisturbed samples were processed in the laboratory to determine the bulk density (BV) of the soil. The results showed that the largest soil carbon stock was found in forests, followed by gardens, rice fields, moorlands, and shrubs. It was also found that the largest carbon stock was at a depth of 0-10 cm in all land use types and decreased with soil depth. These findings can be used as a reference in soil carbon management, considering that the carbon stock in rice fields, moor and shrubs is low to very low, which in turn can reduce soil fertility and productivity.
Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on Alfisol soil fertility and maize growth
Authors: Syamsiyah J , Herdiansyah G , Aisyah N , Mentari F C , Larasati I 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFertilizer is an important factor in crop production, but its effectiveness depends on climate and the balance of fertilizers applied. This research aim was to determine the potential use of organic fertilizers to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers on the growth of maize and Alfisol soil fertility. This research was conducted in the Jumantono, Karanganyar, used the Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments (A = Control, B = NPK standard, C = ¼ NPK + 1 PO, D = ½ NPK + 1 PO, E = ¾ NPK +1 PO, F = 1 NPK + 1 PO, G = ¾ NPK + ¼ PO, H = ¾ NPK + ½ PO, I = ¾ NPK + ¾ PO).The results showed that organic fertilizers at doses ¼, ½ and ¾ accompanied by ¾ NPK standard gives N total, P total, K total, and the plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter which are not different with dose of NPK standard. Organic fertilizers can reduce the use of NPK fertilizers.
Mapping of rain water harvesting potential at Keduang Sub-watershed, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dwiatmojo H R , Komariah  , Ramelan A H , Priyanto E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One of the main issues in agriculture in this climate change era is the water crisis. It caused a drought that affected the delay of rice cultivation. A study found that Wonogiri Regency has very critical with a value of 163.1%. Hence, it is necessary to have an alternative solution to overcome it. In this case, utilizing rain by harvesting rainwater (RWH) can be used as an alternative to meet water needs during the dry season and for various other uses. One of the RWH applications is a small-farm reservoir (SFR). To identify the potential locations for RWH is using location suitability modelling based on GIS. The determination of the location depends on biophysical criteria such as rainfall, slope, soil texture, stream order, and land use. The socio-economic attributes consist of the distance to the river, road, settlement, and agriculture. To obtain the suitability location, after all of the maps are generated, next is reclassify the value to 0 and 1. In the end, the maps calculate with a raster calculator to define the suitability location that has value 1. Location and dimension details can find out. This study aims to determine the potential of RWH for agriculture (in specific, SFR) at Keduang Sub-watershed as a consideration for stakeholders’ decision. The results showed 226 areas are potential for SFR implementation and will make it easier for stakeholders to decide by comparing the suitability location map and the long-term strategic map.
Physiology and early growth of introduced robusta coffee clones in wet climate drylands in Bacan, North Maluku
Authors: Sulistiono W , Sugihono C , Hidayat Y , Assagaf M , Abu H L , Brahmantiyo B , Wahab A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate change, such as a prolonged dry season, will greatly determine the physiological processes and growth of robusta coffee. To overcome this, suitable clonal planting and proper fertilization are required. This study aims to determine the physiological properties and early growth for the suitability of climatic conditions and cultivation treatments. The study was conducted in Latosol soil in the dry land of IP2TP (Instalasi Penelitian dan Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian) Bacan South Halmahera, North Maluku, from September 2018 to November 2020. The study was arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor consists of clones of coffee consisting of five clones, namely: BP42, BP409, BP936, BP93 and SA237. The second factor is the fertilizer dosage which consists of 3 levels, namely: (1) 100% chemical NPK (120kg ha−1), (2) 50% chemical NPK + 50% organic and (3) 100% organic. The results showed that the chlorophyll and proline content of leaf was determined by the interaction of clones and fertilization. 50% organic fertilization produced the highest leaf chlorophyll content in clones BP409 and BP936. 50% organic fertilization also produced the lowest leaf proline in clone BP42 which showed more tolerance to drought. Agronomic traits such as plant height are determined by the type of clone. The plant height of BP409 clone highest was significantly different from BP42 and BP936.
Trichoderma biofungicides formulations on shallot growth, yield and fusarium wilt disease resistance
Authors: Sudantha I M , Suwardji S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The impact of climate change is an increase in extreme climatic events that make plants susceptible to disease. Fusarium wilt disease is one of the endemic diseases in extreme climatic areas in the high and lowlands. To deal with this climate change adaptation, a study was carried out that aims to determine the effect of the biofungicide Trichoderma spp. in controlling Fusarium wilt disease in several shallot varieties. This study used an experimental method carried out in the Highlands of Sembalun Bumbung Village, East Lombok using a Randomized Block Design with factorial experiments. The main factor is the formulation of biofungicides, namely: without biofungicides (control), liquid biofungicides, tablets and powders. The simple factor is shallot varieties, namely: Bali Karet, Ampenan, Keta Monca, Super Philip, and Super Cross. The results showed that liquid, tablet and powder of biofungicide could suppress Fusarium wilt disease up to 0%, while in control the percentage of disease reached 60%. Bali Karet varieties are very adaptive in the highlands, so they are very resistant to Fusarium wilt, Ampenan and Keta Monca adaptive in the highlands, while Super Philip and Super Cross are less adaptive. Bali Karet varieties showed the highest growth and yield.
Irrigation water management to increase planting index in Boyolali Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Setiapermas M N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate change will have a negative impact on water resources, agriculture, forestry, health and the vulnerability of public infrastructure and the extinction of various species. Water sources as the main means of agriculture, especially rice fields are the main thing in irrigation. Water sources for irrigation of paddy fields in Boyolali include weirs, trenches, springs that are collected in the form of ponds and a small part is a reservoir. Within 2 years after operation, the use of ponds of water for irrigation was able to accelerate yield increases. With various models of water sources, the cropping patterns include paddy-paddy-paddy, paddy-paddy-palawija (crop planted as 2nd crop in dry season), paddy-palawija-palawija and paddy-palawija-fallow. Water management arrangements in each area that use irrigation channels have an Association of Farmers Using Water who is tasked with making a schedule for the distribution of irrigation between blocks, especially if there is water scarcity such as during the dry season. Types of activities that are usually coordinated by farmer groups are pest control, channel maintenance, and irrigation arrangements. For channel maintenance, usually coordinating with the officers of association of water user farmer and development coordinators in their respective villages.