bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACORE: A Query Optimization Approach for Spark SQL Based on Cost Model and Markov Prediction Model
Authors: Su Lanxin , Liu Huiyong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spark SQL is Spark’s module for working with structured data. However, there exist two problems that may impact its query execution efficiency: 1) Users may attempt to cache datasets used multiple times in a query to speed up the execution, but due to the predicate pushdown optimization and the overhead of writing cached data, the cached plan may turn out to have worse performance. 2) When using Spark dynamic resource allocation strategy, the release of idle executors would lead to the loss of cached data, introducing recalculation cost. To address these, we present an approach, named ACORE, which adaptively cache datasets and optionally release executors to optimize query execution of Spark SQL. The approach includes two models: a cost model and a Markov chain prediction model. The cost model is applied to estimate the execution cost for cached and un-cached plans, and decide which one to be the actual execution plan. The Markov prediction model is used to predict the changing trend of intervals between queries, guiding to optionally release executors to save cached data. We test the efficiency of our approach with data generated by TPC-H tool and the experimental results show that the execution performance can be improved by up to 51%.
An optimal combination prediction method of turnover spare parts consumption based on certain weight
Authors: Lin Chai , Feng Guo , Zishuo Wang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aimed at the situation that the first, second and third exponential smoothing method and the three and four term moving average method are used to forecast the consumption of spare parts separately, the combined prediction model is established by optimizing the combination of these single prediction methods, and the result with the minimum prediction error is taken as the predicted value of consumption. A concrete example shows that the combined prediction model is more accurate and has higher practicability and generalization.
The secondary electron yields and related surface properties evolution of laser treated stainless steel induced by different ultrasonic cleaning duration
Authors: Wang J. , Wu Y. , You Z. , Gao Y. , Zhang J. , Zhang T. , Hu Y. , Wang S. , Li H. , Xu Z. , Liu Y. , Li W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As a novel method, laser treatment was proposed to be applied on the surface modification of stainless steel 316L commonly used in accelerator vacuum system to mitigate the secondary electron emission. However, the final property of the material surfaces, especially the secondary electron yield (SEY) property depends on a rather large number of factors, among them are the surface cleaning scenarios needed before installation. In particular, the surface morphologies and surface chemical states may be changed during the ultrasonic cleaning used for laser treated stainless steel surfaces. Therefore, the influence of ultrasonic cleaning duration on the surface composition, surface morphology and secondary electron characteristics of stainless steel were studied for the first time. The secondary electron yield test results demonstrated that the maximum SEY (δ
max) of laser treated stainless steel samples increased with the increase of ultrasonic cleaning time. After ultrasonic cleaning in acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol each for 3 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes, respectively, the δ
max of laser treated stainless steel samples increased about 0.7%–1.7%, 1.3%–2.4% and 4.9%–15.3%, respectively, compared with that of uncleaned laser treated ones. The surface morphologies, surface roughness, surface chemical states related to the SEY evolution were also evaluated and analyzed.
Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on carers of persons with dementia in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Sriram Vimal , Jenkinson Crispin , Peters Michele 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
informal carers provide the majority of the support for persons with dementia living at home. Restrictions imposed due to COVID-19 have had a profound impact on the daily life of the entire population. This study provides insight into the impact of these restrictions on carers of people with dementia living at home.

Design
qualitative semi-structured interviews.

Participants
purposive sample of carers who provide at least 10 hours of care a week for the person with dementia living at home.

Setting
UK.

Results
twenty-three carers were interviewed, and thematic analysis identified three main themes—Changes to daily life, impact on carer health and wellbeing and reduced support from health and social support networks. The results highlight the impact of restrictions imposed on daily life and routines due to the pandemic, wellbeing of carers, reduced social support, lack of access to health and care professionals and respite for carers. The restrictions have had negative consequences on carers’ wellbeing, and they have experienced difficulties in accessing formal care services and respite care.

Conclusion
carers attempt to continue to provide physical, emotional and practical support for persons with dementia in the community throughout the COVID-19 restrictions. To prevent a future carer crisis, carers need better support systems including formal carer services, telecare solutions that work for them and additional support for respite, as the restrictions from this pandemic continue.
Tracking cell wall changes in wine and table grapes undergoing Botrytis cinerea infection using glycan microarrays
Authors: Weiller Florent , Schückel Julia , Willats William G T , Driouich Azeddine , Vivier Melané A , Moore John P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea infects a broad range of fruit crops including domesticated grapevine Vitis vinifera cultivars. Damage caused by this pathogen is severely detrimental to the table and wine grape industries and results in substantial crop losses worldwide. The apoplast and cell wall interface is an important setting where many plant–pathogen interactions take place and where some defence-related messenger molecules are generated. Limited studies have investigated changes in grape cell wall composition upon infection with B. cinerea, with much being inferred from studies on other fruit crops.

Methods
In this study, comprehensive microarray polymer profiling in combination with monosaccharide compositional analysis was applied for the first time to investigate cell wall compositional changes in the berries of wine (Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon) and table (Dauphine and Barlinka) grape cultivars during Botrytis infection and tissue maceration. This was used in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) to characterize infection progression.

Key Results
Grapes infected at veraison did not develop visible infection symptoms, whereas grapes inoculated at the post-veraison and ripe stages showed evidence of significant tissue degradation. The latter was characterized by a reduction in signals for pectin epitopes in the berry cell walls, implying the degradation of pectin polymers. The table grape cultivars showed more severe infection symptoms, and corresponding pectin depolymerization, compared with wine grape cultivars. In both grape types, hemicellulose layers were largely unaffected, as was the arabinogalactan protein content, whereas in moderate to severely infected table grape cultivars, evidence of extensin epitope deposition was present.

Conclusions
Specific changes in the grape cell wall compositional profiles appear to correlate with fungal disease susceptibility. Cell wall factors important in influencing resistance may include pectin methylesterification profiles, as well as extensin reorganization.
JBrowseR: an R interface to the JBrowse 2 genome browser
Authors: Hershberg Elliot A , Stevens Garrett , Diesh Colin , Xie Peter , De Jesus Martinez Teresa , Buels Robert , Stein Lincoln , Holmes Ian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Genome browsers are an essential tool in genome analysis. Modern genome browsers enable complex and interactive visualization of a wide variety of genomic data modalities. While such browsers are very powerful, they can be challenging to configure and program for bioinformaticians lacking expertise in web development.

Results
We have developed an R package that provides an interface to the JBrowse 2 genome browser. The package can be used to configure and customize the browser entirely with R code. The browser can be deployed from the R console, or embedded in Shiny applications or R Markdown documents.

Availability and implementation
JBrowseR is available for download from CRAN, and the source code is openly available from the Github repository at https://github.com/GMOD/JBrowseR/.
The association between cardiac intensive care unit mechanical ventilation volumes and in-hospital mortality
Authors: Nandiwada Shiva , Islam Sunjidatul , Jentzer Jacob C , Miller P Elliott , Fordyce Christopher B , Lawler Patrick , Alviar Carlos L , Sun Louise Y , Dover Douglas C , Lopes Renato D , Kaul Padma , van Diepen Sean 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
The incidence of respiratory failure and use of invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) in the cardiac intensive care units (CICUs) is increasing. While institutional MV volumes are associated with reduced mortality in medical and surgical ICUs, this volume–mortality relationship has not been characterized in the CICU.

Methods and results
National population-based data were used to identify patients admitted to CICUs (2005–2015) requiring MV in Canada. CICUs were categorized into low (≤100), intermediate (101–300), and high (&gt;300) volume centres based on spline knots identified in the association between annual MV volume and mortality. Outcomes of interest included all-cause in-hospital mortality, the proportion of patients requiring prolonged MV (&gt;96 h) and CICU length of stay (LOS). Among 47 173 CICU admissions requiring MV, 89.5% (42 200) required invasive MV. The median annual CICU MV volume was 43 (inter-hospital range 1–490). Compared to low-volume centres (35.9%), in-hospital mortality was lower in intermediate [29.2%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–0.97, P = 0.019] and high-volume (18.2%; aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.66–1.02, P = 0.076) centres. Prolonged MV was higher in low-volume (29.2%) compared to high-volume (14.8%, aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.55–0.89, P = 0.003) and intermediate-volume (23.0%, aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.68–1.06, P = 0.14] centres. Mortality and prolonged MV were lower in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-capable and academic centres, but a shorter CICU LOS was observed only in subgroup of PCI-capable intermediate- and high-volume hospitals.

Conclusions
In a national dataset, we observed that higher CICU MV volumes were associated with lower incidence of in-hospital mortality, prolonged MV, and CICU LOS. Our data highlight the need for minimum MV volume benchmarks for CICUs caring for patients with respiratory failure.
Dental Plaque Concentrations of Methadone, Morphine and Their Metabolites in Opioid Replacement Therapy and in Postmortem Cases
Authors: Henkel Kerstin , Klima Miriam , Auwärter Volker , Altenburger Markus J , Neukamm Merja A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Non-mineralized dental biofilm (plaque) has potential as a novel alternative matrix in forensic toxicology to prove drug use. The incorporation of illicit and medicinal drugs in dental plaque could take place through direct contact after oral or nasal intake, which can lead to high drug levels in the oral cavity, or indirectly via the secretion of drug-containing saliva, e.g., after intravenous application. Therefore, plaque samples from patients in opioid replacement therapy (ORT) and postmortem plaque samples were analyzed and the drug concentrations were compared. The study comprised 26 plaque samples from ORT patients with different daily doses, which were analyzed for methadone, morphine and their respective metabolites. Plaque samples were taken directly before the oral administration of the regular daily dose. Seventeen postmortem plaque samples were analyzed, either from cases of lethal drug intoxications or after pain therapy with morphine. Plaque analysis was performed using liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry after liquid extraction with acetonitrile. Plaque concentrations in ORT for methadone and its metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) ranged from 42 to approximately 49,000 pg/mg (median 1,300 pg/mg) and from below 10 to 610 pg/mg (median 31 pg/mg), respectively. Morphine plaque concentrations in ORT ranged from 120 to 480 pg/mg (median 400 pg/mg). In lethal intoxication cases, plaque concentrations were generally at least one order of magnitude higher than those in the study groups with therapeutic substance use. These data will help to interpret drug findings in plaque. Furthermore, the EDDP/methadone concentration ratio in plaque was lower after oral intake with contamination of the oral cavity (e.g., syrup) compared to cases with suspected intravenous application of methadone. Therefore, the EDDP/methadone concentration ratio could therefore indicate the drug administration route.
Factors Associated With Social Participation in Persons Living With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Su Samuel , Marrie Ruth Ann , Bernstein Charles N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) imposes a significant burden on health-related quality of life, particularly in social domains. We sought to investigate the factors that limit social participation in patients with IBD.

Methods
We assessed a cohort of 239 Manitobans with IBD. We collected sociodemographic information, medical comorbidities, disease phenotype, symptom activity and psychiatric comorbidity (using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV). Participants completed the eight-item Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities (APSRA) questionnaire, which assesses participation restriction, including problems experienced in social interaction, employment, transportation, community, social and civic life.

Results
Poorer social participation scores were associated with earning less than $50,000 CAD income annually (P &lt; 0.001), actively smoking (P = 0.006), higher symptom scores (P &lt; 0.001 for CD, P = 0.004 for UC), and having an increasing number of chronic medical conditions (R = −0.30). History of depression (P &lt; 0.001) and anxiety (P = 0.001) and having active depression (P &lt; 0.001) and anxiety (P = 0.001) all predicted poor social participation scores. IBD phenotype or disease duration was not predictive. Based on multivariable linear regression analysis, significant predictors of variability in social participation were medical comorbidity, psychiatric comorbidity, psychiatric symptoms and IBD-related symptoms.

Conclusions
The factors that predict social participation by IBD patients include income, smoking, medical comorbidities, IBD symptom burden, and psychiatric comorbidities. Multivariable linear regression suggests that the most relevant factors are medical comorbidity, psychiatric comorbidity, psychiatric symptoms and IBD symptoms.
Venetoclax plus low-dose cytarabine in Japanese patients with untreated acute myeloid leukaemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Yamauchi Takahiro , Yoshida Chikashi , Usuki Kensuke , Takada Satoru , Matsumura Itaru , Dobashi Nobuaki , Miyazaki Yasushi , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Iida Hiroatsu , Asou Norio , Kuroda Junya , Ichikawa Satoshi , Komatsu Norio , Mendes Wellington , Honda Hideyuki , Okubo Sumiko , Kurokawa Misaki , Jiang Qi , Wei Andrew , Ishizawa Kenichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
In a multinational phase 3 trial (VIALE-C), venetoclax plus low-dose cytarabine prolonged overall survival vs placebo plus low-dose cytarabine in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, although it was not statistically significant. Herein, we assess the benefit of venetoclax plus low-dose cytarabine in the Japanese subgroup of VIALE-C patients (n = 27).

Methods
VIALE-C, a randomized (2:1), double-blind study (NCT03069352), enrolled untreated patients (≥18 years) with acute myeloid leukaemia. Patients received venetoclax (600 mg days 1–28, 4-day ramp-up in cycle 1) or placebo in 28-day cycles with low-dose cytarabine (20 mg/m2 days 1–10). The primary endpoint was median overall survival.

Results
In the Japanese subgroup, at a 6-month follow-up from the primary analysis, median overall survival for venetoclax (n = 18) and placebo (n = 9), plus low-dose cytarabine, was 4.7 and 8.1 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.928, 95% confidence intervals : 0.399, 2.156). The rate of complete remission plus complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery was higher with venetoclax plus low-dose cytarabine (44.4%) vs placebo plus low-dose cytarabine (11.1%). All patients experienced at least 1 adverse event. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events with venetoclax or placebo, plus low-dose cytarabine, were febrile neutropenia (50.0% vs 44.4%, respectively) and thrombocytopenia (27.8% vs 44.4%, respectively). Serious adverse events were reported in 50.0 and 33.3% of patients in the venetoclax and placebo, plus low-dose cytarabine arms, respectively; pneumonia was the most common (22.2% each).

Conclusions
Limited survival benefit in the Japanese subgroup can be attributed to small patient numbers and to baseline imbalances observed between treatment arms, with more patients in the venetoclax plus low-dose cytarabine arm presenting poor prognostic factors. Venetoclax plus low-dose cytarabine was well tolerated in Japanese patients with acute myeloid leukaemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy.
A laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a patient with situs inversus totalis
Authors: Hussan Maher Al , Yang Zhen , Dong Xinhua , Yang Hongwei , Li Nanpeng , Qiao Shishi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a congenital disorder in which the thoracic and abdominal viscera organs are mirrored from their normal anatomical position. Thus, the presence of any cancerous mass in one of the visceral organs of patients with SIT represents a great challenge due to the anatomical variation. We report a 52-year-old male with SIT who presented with obstructive jaundice and pancreatic-head mass. After preoperative examinations, it was decided to perform a laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy. In this case, we aim to demonstrate the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer in an SIT patient, in addition to presenting the advantages and difficulties of laparoscopic surgery in this case.
Synchronous breast invasive ductal carcinoma and clear cell renal carcinoma: case report and a review of literature
Authors: Elgazar Amr , Awad Ahmed K , Mnadal Debvarsha , Elbadawy Merihan A , Elseidy Sheref A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Multiple primary tumors' incidence is rare, yet more rare is the incidence of multiple primary malignant tumors. Co-occurring tumors can be divided into synchronous and non-synchronous. Synchronous tumors are those tumors that present within a period not &gt;6 months from each other. To define synchronous malignant tumors: metastasis should not be present, both tumors have to show criteria of malignancy, and they should differ pathologically from each other. Breast cancer is the most common tumor to be associated with other primaries especially; colorectal cancer, endometrial and ovarian cancer, yet the occurrence of invasive ductal carcinoma with clear cell renal cancer is uncommon. In our case, we present a 59-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma and clear cell renal carcinoma.
Improving the detection of infectious diseases in at-risk migrants with an innovative integrated multi-infection screening digital decision support tool (IS-MiHealth) in primary care: A pilot cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sequeira-Aymar Ethel , Cruz Angeline , Serra-Burriel Miquel , di Lollo Ximena , Gonçalves Alessandra Queiroga , Camps-Vilà Laura , Monclus-Gonzalez Marta M , Revuelta-Muñoz Elisa M , Busquet-Solé Nuria , Sarriegui-Domínguez Susana , Casellas Aina , Llorca Maria Rosa Dalmau , Aguilar-Martín Carina , Jacques-Aviñó Constanza , Hargreaves Sally , Requena-Méndez Ana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: There are major shortfalls in the identification and screening of at-risk migrant groups. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a new digital tool (IS-MiHealth) integrated into the electronic patient record system of primary care centres in detecting prevalent migrant infections. IS-MiHealth provides targeted recommendations to health professionals for screening multiple infections, including HIV, hepatitis B and C, active tuberculosis, Chagas disease, strongyloidiasis, and schistosomiasis, based on patient characteristics (including variables of country of origin, age, sex).
Methods: A pragmatic pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial was deployed from March to December 2018. Eight primary care centres in Catalonia, Spain, were randomly allocated 1:1 to use of the digital tool for screening, or to routine care. The primary outcome was the monthly diagnostic yield of all aggregated infections. Intervention and control sites were compared before and after implementation with respect to their monthly diagnostic yield using regression models. This study is registered on ISRCTN (ISRCTN14795012).
Results: 15780 migrants registered across the 8 centres had at least one visit during the intervention period (March to December 2018), of which 14 598 (92.51%) fulfilled the criteria to be screened for at least one infection. There were 210 (2.57%) individuals from the intervention group with new diagnoses compared with 113 (1.49%) from the control group (OR:2.08 95%CI 1.63–2.64, p &lt; 0.001). The intervention centres raised their overall monthly diagnosis rate to 5.80 (95%CI 1.23–10.38, p = 0.013) extra diagnoses compared to the control centres. This monthly increase in diagnosis in intervention centres was also observed if we consider all cases together of HIV, hepatitis B and C, and active TB cases (2.72,[95%CI 0.43–5.00]; p = 0.02) and was observed as well for the parasitic infections´ group (Chagas disease, strongyloidiasis, and schistosomiasis) 2.58 (95%CI 1.60–3.57; p &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: The IS-MiHealth increased screening rate and diagnostic yield for key infections in migrants in a population-based primary care setting. Further testing and development of this new tool is warranted in larger trials and in other countries.
A teenager who spends hours scrutinizing her skin
Authors: Hill Kevin M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder characterized by a preoccupation with a perceived defect or flaw in physical appearance that is not observable or appears slight to others. Individuals with BDD engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to appearance concerns such as comparing, excessive grooming, skin picking, mirror checking, or reassurance seeking. Females are much more likely to be affected and the disorder typically begins in adolescence. Many patients do not divulge their symptoms to medical providers unless specifically asked. The first-line medication class for BDD is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Patients with BDD tend to require relatively high doses of SSRIs, and a relatively longer trial duration of 12 to 16 weeks is required to determine response. Research on the most effective psychotherapeutic treatments remains limited; however, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be a reasonable approach.