bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cirrhosis regression is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Sanyal Arun J. , Anstee Quentin M. , Trauner Michael , Lawitz Eric J. , Abdelmalek Manal F. , Ding Dora , Han Ling , Jia Catherine , Huss Ryan S. , Chung Chuhan , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Okanoue Takeshi , Romero‐Gomez Manuel , Muir Andrew J. , Afdhal Nezam H. , Bosch Jaime , Goodman Zachary , Harrison Stephen A. , Younossi Zobair M. , Myers Robert P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Surrogate endpoints that predict complications are necessary for assessment and approval of NASH therapies. We assessed associations between histologic and noninvasive tests (NITs) of fibrosis with liver‐related complications in patients with NASH cirrhosis.

Approach and Results
Patients with compensated cirrhosis due to NASH were enrolled in two placebo‐controlled trials of simtuzumab and selonsertib. Liver fibrosis at baseline and week 48 (W48) was staged by NASH Clinical Research Network (CRN) and Ishak classifications and a machine learning (ML) approach, hepatic collagen and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression were quantified by morphometry, liver stiffness (LS) was measured by transient elastography, and serum NITs (enhanced liver fibrosis [ELF], NAFLD fibrosis score [NFS], and Fibrosis‐4 index [FIB‐4]) were calculated. Cox regression determined associations between these parameters at baseline and their changes over time with adjudicated liver‐related clinical events. Among 1,135 patients, 709 (62%) had Ishak stage 6 fibrosis, and median ELF and LS were 10.66 and 21.1 kPa, respectively. During a median follow‐up of 16.6 months, 71 (6.3%) had a liver‐related event; associated baseline factors included Ishak stage 6 fibrosis, and higher hepatic collagen, α‐SMA expression, ML‐based fibrosis parameters, LS, ELF, NFS, and FIB‐4. Cirrhosis regression observed in 16% (176/1,135) between BL and W48 was associated with a lower risk of events versus nonregression (1.1% [2/176] vs. 7.2% [69/957]; HR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04, 0.65 [p = 0.0104]). Conversely, after adjustment for baseline values, increases in hepatic collagen, α‐SMA, ML‐based fibrosis parameters, NFS, and LS were associated with an increased risk of events.

Conclusions
In patients with compensated cirrhosis due to NASH, regression of fibrosis is associated with a reduction in liver‐related complications. These data support the utility of histologic fibrosis regression and NITs as clinical trial endpoints for NASH cirrhosis.
Management of pre‐, peri‐, and post‐menopausal abnormal uterine bleeding: When to perform endometrial sampling?
Authors: Papakonstantinou Efthymia , Adonakis Georgios 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is defined as abnormal volume, duration, or frequency of menstrual period and is a common symptom in women of all ages (premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal). The acronym PALM‐COEIN, introduced by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), facilitates the evaluation and differential diagnosis of AUB, mostly in premenopausal women with AUB. Endometrial evaluation (including ultrasound or hysteroscopic imaging and tissue sampling) for subtle pathology is proposed in patients who are at high risk for endometrial cancer and in patients at low risk who present with AUB and who present poor correspondence in medical treatment. Many new diagnostic modalities are available in clinicians in order to help the assessment of women presenting with abnormalities in their menstrual pattern. The present study reviews the optimal management of women presenting with AUB, taking into consideration the actual need for invasive management in these women, who of them require it, and who can be diagnosed without histological verification. The importance of endometrial tissue sampling in women who present with AUB as well as the best timing for a clinician to conduct a biopsy are two axons analyzed below, according to the latest worldwide guidelines and major publications about this subject.
Raman spectroscopy–based water measurements identify the origin of MRI T2 signal in human articular cartilage zones and predict histopathologic score
Authors: Unal Mustafa , Wilson Robert L. , Neu Corey P. , Akkus Ozan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe investigated for the first time zonal‐dependent water distribution in articular cartilage by Raman spectroscopy (RS). We further investigated the association of histopathologic score with RS‐ and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based water measurements. Cadaveric human cartilage plugs (N = 16) with different osteoarthritis (OA) severity were used. Water content distribution in cartilage zones was probed using RS‐ and MRI‐based techniques. Histopathologic scoring was performed by two independent observers blindly. Moderate associations existed between RS‐ and MRI‐based water measurements across all cartilage zones. RS‐based analysis of different water compartments helped assign the origin of the T2 signal collected from the various cartilage zones. RS‐based water parameters significantly correlated with OA‐severity score, whereas MRI‐based water measurements did not. RS can probe different water compartments in cartilage zones and predict up to 66% of the variation observed in the histopathologic score. RS‐based water measurement could be developed further to assess cartilage quality in the clinic.
The clinical significance of vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor mRNA expression in colorectal neoplasms
Authors: Fang Ying , Song Haojun , Huang Jian , Zhou Jianbo , Ding Xiaoyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground/AimThis study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of changes in vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA expression in colorectal adenoma development.MethodsPlasma concentrations of 25(OH)D and mRNA expression of VDR in tissues were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real‐time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), respectively. In addition, the concentration of plasma 25(OH)D and levels of VDR mRNA in tissues were compared among healthy individuals and adenoma and adenocarcinoma patients.ResultsVitamin D receptor expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in para‐cancerous tissues that were >5 cm away from malignant tumor sites (p < 0.01). The level of VDR expression in normal colorectal tissues from healthy individuals was significantly higher than that in colorectal adenomas (p < 0.01) and colorectal adenocarcinomas (p < 0.01); however, the VDR expression was not significantly different between colorectal adenomas and colorectal adenocarcinomas (p = 0.106). The concentration of 25(OH)D in healthy individuals was significantly higher than that in patients with colorectal adenomas (p < 0.01) and colorectal adenocarcinomas (p < 0.01); however, the concentration of 25(OH)D was not significantly different between colorectal adenomas and colorectal adenocarcinomas (p = 0.489). A low concentration of 25(OH)D was considered a risk factor for colorectal adenoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma, with odds ratios of 4.875 and 2.925, respectively.ConclusionsThe 25(OH)D levels and VDR mRNA expression might be associated with the development of colorectal adenoma and its progression to adenocarcinoma.
Child neurocognitive functioning influences the effectiveness of specific techniques in behavioral teacher training for ADHD: Moderator analyses from a randomized controlled microtrial
Authors: Staff Anouck I. , Oosterlaan Jaap , van der Oord Saskia , Königs Marsh , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. , Luman Marjolein 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildhood attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with several neurocognitive impairments. Whether these impairments influence the effectiveness of techniques that are commonly used in behavioral teacher training for ADHD has not been investigated so far.MethodIn this microtrial, teachers of 90 children with ADHD symptoms (6–12 years) were randomly assigned to a short intervention consisting of either antecedent‐based (stimulus‐control) techniques or consequent‐based (contingency management) techniques, or to a waitlist control condition. Primary outcome was the daily assessment of individually selected problem behavior, assessed pre‐ and post‐intervention. Potential neurocognitive moderators of treatment effect included teacher ratings of cognitive control, reward, and punishment sensitivity, and measures derived from computerized neurocognitive tasks, including attentional lapses, interference control, visuospatial working memory, and emotional functioning. Intervention condition by moderator interactions were assessed in separate multilevel mixed models.ResultsLapses of attention, working memory, and emotional functioning interacted with intervention effectiveness. Antecedent‐based techniques were effective independent of these neurocognitive functions; consequent‐based techniques were (more) effective when these functions were more impaired. The effectiveness of techniques was neither related to interference control nor to teacher‐rated neurocognitive functioning.ConclusionsThis study showed that child neurocognitive functioning influences the effectiveness of behavioral teacher techniques for children with ADHD symptoms. Findings suggest that antecedent‐based techniques may be effective for all children, while consequent‐based techniques have added value particularly for children who suffer from low visuospatial working memory, low emotional functioning, and/or large numbers of attentional lapses.
Toxicological effects of the chemical and green ZnO NPs on Cyprinus carpio L. observed under light and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Rasool Saba , Faheem Mehwish , Hanif Uzma , Bahadur Saraj , Taj Sehrish , Liaqat Fareeha , Pereira Leonel , Liaqat Iram , Shaheen Shabnam , Shuaib Muhammad , Gulzar Sadia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNanoparticles in aquatic bodies cause serious harm to the aquatic organisms when accumulated in high amounts. However, green nanoparticles synthesized using plants can be less toxic as compared to chemical nanoparticles. Hence, we designed our study to investigate the toxicological effects of chemical and green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the biological activity of juvenile Cyprinus carpio. The green ZnO NPs were synthesized from Solieria robusta, and chemical ZnO NPs were synthesized using zinc chloride solution and ammonium hydroxide. Characterization was done by using light microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transmission infrared radiation, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The highest absorbance of nanoparticles was observed at 360 which confirmed the synthesis of ZnO. The SEM analysis showed that green nanoparticles were hexagonal while the chemical nanoparticles were spherical to cubic in shape. Definite peaks were observed in XRD of green and chemical NPs at 2θ angles 45.84° and 32.18°, respectively. Oxidative stress was determined by chemical analysis of catalase, glutathione S‐transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities. The toxicological effects of chemical ZnO NPs on the catalase, LPO, GST, and GSH activities were more than green ZnO NPs. The histopathological investigation proved that the effect of chemical nanoparticles was worse than green ZnO NPs. More tissue damage was found in chemical nanoparticles than green synthesized nanoparticles. It was concluded that chemical nanoparticles can be replaced by green nanoparticles, as green nanoparticles are eco‐friendly with less toxicological effects. This replacement can limit the toxic effect of nanoparticles when they get accumulated in high amounts in water bodies.
Assessing genetic counselor communication in response to virtual, asynchronous simulated video prompts
Authors: Lowe Chenery , Setzer Michael , Roter Debra L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOnline methods of teaching and assessing communication skills meet not only the need for remote education during the COVID‐19 pandemic but also future demand for flexible training methods. This study aimed to explore the utility of standardized video prompts intended to elicit samples of genetic counselors’ (GCs’) interpersonal, psychosocial, and counseling skills by describing variation in GCs’ socioemotional communication during their responses to a series of videotaped communication challenges. We analyzed the previously recorded communication of 43 GCs responding to a set of videotaped simulated client prompts related to a cancer or prenatal counseling session. We applied the Roter Interaction Analysis System to the prompts and GCs' responses, focusing on the proportion of socioemotional content as an indicator of interpersonal, psychosocial, and counseling skill use. We analyzed the responses of 21 GCs to the cancer prompts and 22 GCs to the prenatal prompts. Two‐sample t tests explored differences in the proportion of socioemotional content in GCs’ responses to prompts within and across the two scenarios. Overall, socioemotional statements accounted for 31% (SD = 8%) of all GC statements in response to the prenatal prompts and 36% (SD = 9%) of statements in response to the cancer prompts (Bonferroni‐adjusted p=.49). The proportion of socioemotional communication in individual prompt responses varied from 4% (SD = 12%) to 76% (SD = 26%) across the cancer prompt series and 10% (SD = 13%) to 76% (SD = 30%) across the prenatal prompt series. Across the two scenarios, two of 10 matched prompts showed significant differences in the proportion of GCs’ socioemotional content of the prompt responses (p's < 0.001). These differences appear related to differences in the socioemotional nature of the prompts. These findings inform online methods of communication assessment that are useful during restrictions to in‐person learning due to COVID‐19, as well as future hybrid training and research efforts.
Epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy in Israel: Real‐world data from a large healthcare organization
Authors: Weil Clara , Bilavsky Efraim , Sinha Anushua , Chodick Gabriel , Goodman Elizabeth , Wang Wei (Vivian) , Calhoun Shawna R. , Marks Morgan A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCongenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMVi) is the leading cause of nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss among newborns. Women newly acquiring cytomegalovirus infection (CMVi) during pregnancy have the highest risk of vertical transmission. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of CMVi in pregnancy in a large healthcare database. A retrospective cohort study was performed using the Maccabi Healthcare Services database (Israel). Women aged 18–44 years old on July 1, 2013 with no record of pregnancy in the prior 6 months were followed through December 31, 2017 for first pregnancy occurrence. Pregnancy outcomes (live birth, spontaneous/therapeutic abortions, stillbirth, and uncertain outcomes) were captured. CMV test results were obtained to assess serostatus at the start of pregnancy (SoP) and primary CMV infection (CMVi) during pregnancy. Associations of demographic and reproductive factors with pCMVi were investigated (multivariable logistic regression). The study included 84 699 pregnant women (median age = 31 years; interquartile range = 28–35). Live birth, fetal loss, and uncertain pregnancy outcomes accounted for 76.8%, 18.2%, and 5.0%, respectively. The seroprevalence of CMV at the start of pregnancy in this cohort was 63.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.1–63.7). Among seronegative women with available test results (n = 10 657), CMVi incidence was 14.5 per 1000 (95% CI = 12.2–16.7). In multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for maternal age, CMVi was significantly associated with having one or more prior live births (odds ratio [OR]: 3.8 [95% CI: 2.6–5.4]) and having a child less than 6 years of age (OR: 4.3 [95%CI: 3.0–6.1]). One in three pregnant women in Israel is at risk for primary CMVi. This study demonstrates that real‐world electronic healthcare data can be leveraged to support clinical management and development of interventions for congenital CMV by identifying women at high risk for CMVi during pregnancy.
A comparative study of body potential transient profile of geosynchronous orbit spacecraft in single and double Maxwellian plasma models
Authors: Pandya Ashish , Kothari Nikhil , Alad Rizwan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEstimation of the transient profile of body potential of spacecraft in recommended cases of plasma models is crucial because of its importance to estimate electrostatic discharge (ESD) events. The spacecraft structure consisting of a cuboid with two coplanar rectangular plates is modeled as a lumped equivalent capacitance circuit. Method of moments is used to compute absolute and coupled capacitances, which directly affect the transient profile of body potential. Additionally, closer to the actual plasma model representing substorm injection events is vital for reliable estimation of absolute charging. Accordingly, in this work, we attempt a comprehensive analysis of the charging of a spacecraft in Maxwellian plasma models with the inclusion of induced electron yields for the probable particle incidences. Subsequently, the critical range of particle energy susceptible to failures related to ESD is investigated for a spacecraft structure of Aluminum. The comparison of transient variations of body potential in single and double Maxwellian plasma environments identifies the critical aspects of normal and worst cases concerning the prediction of ESD events, which can be useful in the early stage of a spacecraft design.
The shift to pay transparency: Undermet pay standing expectations and consequences
Authors: Schnaufer Kathrin , Christandl Fabian , Berger Sebastian , Meynhardt Timo , Gollwitzer Mario 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis research examines the shift from pay secrecy to transparency and seeks to improve the understanding of previously unrecognized negative consequences on job satisfaction. Drawing on undermet expectations research, we propose that shifting toward pay transparency decreases job satisfaction among employees who encounter negative discrepancies between expected and revealed pay standing (undermet pay standing expectations). Using data from field and experimental studies, we tested our hypotheses that episodic envy mediates the effect of undermet pay standing expectations on job satisfaction and that this indirect effect is moderated by victim sensitivity. Study 1 results suggest that undermet pay standing expectations lead to the predicted decrease in job satisfaction through episodic envy. In Study 2, we surveyed employees of a technology company before and after their shift to pay transparency and found partial support for our hypotheses, suggesting that episodic envy mediates the negative effects of undermet pay standing expectations on job satisfaction only for those low in victim sensitivity. Study 3 supported our overall model by illustrating that low victim sensitivity strengthened the negative indirect effects of undermet pay standing expectations on job satisfaction via episodic envy in an experimental study. We then discuss the implications for theory and practice.
Identification of chemical constituents in vitro and in vivo of Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction by utilizing ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Hong Li‐Li , Zhao Yan , Yang Chen‐Yu , Li Guo‐Zhuang , Wang Hong‐Song , Chen Wei‐Dong , Cheng Xiao‐Yu , Liu Li 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEr Shen Zhenwu Decoction is a prescription for treating chronic heart failure of heart and kidney yang deficiency, while its active ingredients remain unclear and difficult to identify. This paper aims to apply a rapid assay strategy of ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to collect the mass spectrometry data of Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction and its decomposed recipes (monarch, minister, and assist). By comparing with retention time and MSE fragmentation patterns, 67 and 34 components in vitro and in vivo were identified, respectively, the main ingredients include saponins, terpenes, alkaloids, phenolic acids, tanshinone, urea, steroids, aromatics, organic acids, carbohydrates, and so forth, of which the monarch medicine > minister medicine > assist medicine. By comparison with reference standards, paeoniflorin, rosmarinic acid, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1 and atractylenolide III were identified in vitro and paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb1 were identified in vivo. In this study, the chemical ingredients of Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction were analyzed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry technology and each compound was grouped into the decomposed recipes. The identified substances can be used as references for Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction quality control and potential medicinal substances in chronic heart failure of heart and kidney yang deficiency treatment.
Quantifying Neck Fibrosis and Its Functional Implications: Development of the Neck Fibrosis Scale
Authors: Noel Christopher W. , Kwinter Adam , Mifsud Matthew , Ringash Jolie , Waldron John , Chepeha Douglas B. , Irish Jonathan C. , Martino Rosemary , Gomes Andrea , Aziza Elana , de Almeida John R. , Goldstein David P. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveDespite increasing recognition of the importance of functional outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer, post‐treatment neck fibrosis remains poorly understood. We sought to develop and validate a patient reported outcome measure for head and neck cancer patients with neck fibrosis.Study DesignProspective multiphase cross‐sectional study.MethodsTo guide instrument development, we employed the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as our conceptual framework. Items were generated using a composite strategy consisting of patient focus groups, literature review, and expert opinion from a multidisciplinary group. Candidate items were reduced through the item impact method. Preliminary psychometric properties of the finalized instrument were evaluated through measures of internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and construct validity.ResultsFour in person focus groups were held with 13 head and neck cancer patients. The process of item generation led to 221 relevant citations and 68 unique items. An additional 17 items were identified from review of existing neck disability questionnaires and expert opinion. A draft instrument with 25 candidate items was generated and reduced to its final 15‐item scale using item impact method. Early psychometric testing revealed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95) and test–retest reliability [ICC = 0.95]. Internal consistency at the item level was good (>0.7) for 11/15 individual items. Four separate constructs were evaluated. Three of the four constructs matched oura priorihypotheses.ConclusionThe Neck Fibrosis Scale demonstrates preliminary reliability and validity for discriminate use. Further research is needed to confirm dimensionality and assess responsiveness.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 132:1015–1021, 2022