bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomics approach to study neuronal regeneration events of the sequenced sea star Patiria miniata (153.7)
Authors: Franco Catarina , Sweredoski Michael , Kudtarkar Parul , Cameron R. , Hess Sonja 
Published: June 2021

Sea stars have long been recognized for their ability to fully regenerate injured tissues as a consequence of predation or amputation. Indeed the ability to regenerate the nervous system is maintained throughout the lifespan of the animal. Since sea stars are distantly related to the chordates, their neuronal regeneration is of potential interest to biomedical applications in regenerative medicine [1‐3].With the advent of sea star (Patiria miniata) genome sequence and gene models we can now effectively study protein expression in sea star neurons using high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Previously, the sparse information on sea star protein sequences limited peptide identification to ca. 15%. This bottleneck was overcome with alignment of peptides to P. miniata genomic sequences. At present, we have over 18,000 peptides identified at identification rates of 60%, results commonly observed in sequenced proteomes. The methods we are developing allow greater sensitivity and unprecedented identification of low abundance proteins in the starfish nervous system This level of sensitivity is crucially important for the study for neuronal regeneration events: Sonic hedgehog protein, Neuromodulin and Piwi‐like protein 1 [4] are among the identified proteins and clearly highlight P. miniata as a promising model to understand protein regulation during neuronal regeneration.Grant Funding Source: Betty and Gordon Moore Foundation, Beckman Institute, Fulbright, PROLAB (ASBMB)
Assessing bone and soft tissue morphology of the scapula region: a cadaver dissection‐based study to improve uncemented glenoid metalback fixation (17.3)
Authors: Mathews Sandra , Burkhard Marco , Link Karl , Franke Ingeborg , Harper Gareth , Quereshi F , Bloch Hans‐Rudolf , Ullrich Oliver , Ruhli Frank , Eppler Elisabeth 
Published: June 2021

Shoulder pathologies ‐ esp. degenerative disorders ‐ are of the most common orthopaedic diseases nowadays. The outcome of operative treatment such as Anatomic Total and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty is highly dependent on the individual anatomical situation. Surgical placement of the superior glenoid baseplate screw e.g. might endanger the suprascapular nerve, which could cause postoperative chronic pain and weakness. Surprisingly, only very few studies investigated e.g. the distance between the screw entry point and the scapular notch. The aim of this study is thus to increase the morphological knowledge on the osseous and neurological structures of this clinically important region. In a cadaver dissection study of 17 cadavers from the institutional body donation programme (8 female, 9 male, average age 78 yrs, range 63‐99 yrs) we documented a.o. the size and inclination angle of the glenoid, the distance from the superior screw entry point to the scapular notch both from outside and through the screw canal and also the distance from the supraglenoid tubercle to the scapular notch. Furthermore, the degree of primary and secondary osteoarthritis (cuff arthropathy) were documented as present in this old age sample and, also, the relationship of the suprascapular nerve to the adjacent tissue including the suprascapular vessels was documented. Data are discussed in light of recommendations for safe screw placement and secure distance to the nerve. Furthermore, the general impact of such morphological studies on clinical and microevolutionary research issues will be highlighted.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Mäxi Foundation Switzerland
Dissecting through barriers: interprofessional education, problem‐based learning, and gross anatomy (18.3)
Authors: Palombella Andrew , Fernandes Alisha , Iacob Stefan , Salfi Jenn , Wainman Bruce 
Published: June 2021

Healthcare delivery is reliant on a team‐based approach. Interprofessional education (IPE) provides a means by which such collaboration skills can be fostered. IPE within healthcare programs has been associated with many benefits, including improvements in patient care and satisfaction, reducing clinical error rates, and diminishing negative professional stereotypes. In recognition of the need for IPE, an IP gross anatomy dissection course was founded at McMaster University in 2009. Data has been collected from 5 cohorts to determine the influence of this IPE format on the attitudes and perceptions of students towards other health professions.Annually, 28 students from various programs are randomly assigned into IPE teams for 10 weeks. Sessions involve an anatomy and scope‐of‐practice presentation, a small‐group case‐based session, and a dissection. The Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS) and Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) quantitatively measure pre‐ and post‐course attitudes and perceptions towards IPE and other health professions. Weekly surveys and culminating profession‐specific focus groups qualitatively evaluate these variables.5 year pre‐ and post‐course IEPS and RIPLS scores show significant improvements in positive professional identity, competency and autonomy, role clarity and attitudes toward other health professions. Qualitative results corroborated these findings and made suggestions for the development of similar longitudinal IPE curricula.The implementation of a 10‐week IPE dissection course provides a unique and effective venue for learning about scope‐of‐practice, fostering positive professional identity, and fostering positive attitudes toward IPE and IP collaboration.
Mechanisms coordinating replication and transcription (236.2)
Authors: Niska Joanna , Piccini Daniele , Liberi Giordano , Foiani Marco 
Published: June 2021

S‐phase transcription jeopardizes the integrity of replicating chromosomes by hampering replication fork progression. DNA topoisomerases, and the Mec1/ATR checkpoint response contribute to coordinate the clash between replication forks and transcribed genes, counteracting the accumulation of reversed forks, R‐loops and DNA breaks.Replication termination occurs at specific loci, known as termination zones (TERs). TERs are characterized by the presence of pausing elements, including PolII and PolIII‐mediated transcribed units. We studied the events that mediate replication termination at TERs. We found that specialized DNA helicases mediate replicon fusion during termination and counteract the accumulation of RNA‐DNA hybrids at TERs. The Mec1 checkpoint also participates in the replication termination events. We will discuss the mechanisms controlling replication termination at TERs.
Botanical initiative for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database: green tea pilot study (245.7)
Authors: Andrews K , Palachuvattil J , Dang P , Gusev P , Savarala S , Pehrsson P , Harnly J , Dwyer J , Betz J , Saldanha L , Bailey R , Costello R , Gahche J , Hardy C , Emenaker N 
Published: June 2021

According to 2007‐2010 NHANES, 7.5% of the US population reports taking botanical dietary supplements (DS). One of the botanical ingredients in DS most commonly consumed and studied for its health benefits is green tea. Green tea consumption is associated with decreased risk for mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, DS labels and label databases provide only partial information about levels of bioactive components in botanicals. In the Dietary Supplement Label Database, 795 products list green tea ingredients in a variety of matrices, both with and without amount/serving data. Complete composition information for botanical DS must be determined analytically so researchers can obtain more accurate estimates of total intake for these bioactives. Green tea DS are being analyzed in a pilot study in order to determine ingredient variability and matrix/methodology limitations as the first step for the DSID Botanical Initiative. Multiple products from >25 green tea DS matrices are being analyzed for total polyphenols (spectrophotometry) and 7 catechins, caffeine and L‐theonine (HPLC/UV or /MS) in 3 labs. National studies for the DSID Botanical Initiative will estimate the level of green tea ingredients and other flavonoids in DS identified with a nationwide sampling plan.Grant Funding Source: Supported by ARS‐USDA and ODS‐NIH
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression in human infants shifts from innate to adaptive immunity in the first six months of life (247.5)
Authors: Donovan Sharon , Monaco Marcia , Drnevich Jenny , Lönnerdal Bo , Kvistgaard Anne , Peng Yong‐mei 
Published: June 2021

The newborn immune system is developmentally naïve, but undergoes rapid maturation upon exposure to environmental antigens. As part of a clinical trial in infants aimed at assessing how diet impacts PBMC transcriptome, genes that were developmentally regulated independent of diet‐ were discovered. Blood samples were obtained from breast‐fed (n=60) and three sets of formula‐fed (n=186 total) infants at 1, 4 and 6 mos of age. PBMC were isolated, RNA extracted and gene expression assessed using the Affymetrix HuGene 2.0ST gene chip. To evaluate patterns of gene expression, Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed on 6,441 probe sets with an overall 4x3 ANOVA FDR p‐value<0.3. Three gene clusters with similar patterns of expression in each diet (1 vs. 4 & 6 mos) encompassing 1085 genes were identified. Functional analysis was performed with MetaCore. Pathways with higher expression at 1‐mo reflected cellular proliferation, innate defense processes (defensins, hydrogen peroxide‐induced killing) and Th17‐derived cytokines. By 4‐ to 6‐mos of age, genes associated with humoral immunoglobulin‐mediated immunity and interferon and IL‐4 signaling predominated. These data illustrate for the first time the developmental ontogeny of gene expression in circulating immune cells of human infants.Grant Funding Source: Arla Foods and Biostime
Plasma metabolomic profiles associated with hospital mortality in surgical critical illness (248.2)
Authors: Frediani Jennifer , Park Young‐ja , Hebbar Gautam , May Addison , Wischmeyer Paul , Sax Harry , Kudsk Kenneth , Uppal Karan , Jones Dean , Ziegler Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Background: Plasma metabolomic profiling provides an opportunity for discovery‐based studies on human metabolism during illness. We sought to define metabolites that differ between intensive care unit (ICU) patients that did or did not survive hospitalization.Methods: Subjects matched on demographics and nutrient administration in a RCT on glutamine supplementation in surgical ICU patients were selected based on hospital mortality. Serial plasma was analyzed using high‐resolution LC‐MS methods. False discovery rate (FDR; q=0.05) and hierarchal cluster analysis was used to distinguish accurate mass ions (metabolites) significantly different between groups. The METLIN Metabolite Database was used to match ions to known metabolites.Results: A total of 22,305 metabolites were detected (54, 5, 33, and 113 were significantly different between the two groups at days 0, 3, 7, and 14, respectively). Survivors and non‐survivors were differentiated at both day 0 and day 14 by 3 metabolite matches (2 unknowns and stearic acid), and by several others at days 7 and 14 (2 unknowns, terpenoids, drug metabolites). Several drug metabolite matches were higher and several endogenous metabolites were lower in non‐survivors, respectively.Conclusion: High‐resolution LC‐MS can identify plasma metabolomic profiles associated with hospital mortality in adults with surgical critical illness.Grant Funding Source: Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health Fogarty grants D43 TW007124
Efficacy and safety of high‐dose cholecalciferol in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Tbilisi, Georgia (250.7)
Authors: Ziegler Thomas , Tukvadze Nestan , Kipiani Maia , Sanikidze Eka , Hebbar Gautam , Ramakrishnan Usha , Martorell Reynaldo , Kempker Russell , Tangpricha Vin , Blumberg Henry 
Published: June 2021

Background: We tested whether high‐dose oral cholecalciferol (VD3) enhances efficacy of anti‐TB drugs in pulmonary TB infection. Methods: Double blind, randomized, controlled, intent‐to‐treat trial in adults with pulmonary TB in Tbilisi, Georgia. A total of 199 subjects were randomized to VD3 (1,400,000 IU; n=100) or placebo (n=99) over 16 weeks + standard anti‐TB drugs. Sputum TB cultures were obtained at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16. Cox analysis was used for the primary outcome (time to culture conversion). Results: Of 784 subjects screened, 100 received VD3 and 99 placebo. Most subjects (> 85%) were VD deficient at entry (serum 25OH VD level < 20 ng/mL). 23 subjects (12%) had multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) (12 vitamin D, 11 placebo). Entry demographic factors were similar between groups. VD3 was safe, with similar blood calcium levels and adverse events between groups. With VD, serum 25OH VD levels peaked at ≍ 100 ng/mL at 8 weeks and decreased to ≍ 60 ng/mL by week 16. Culture conversion was similar between groups at 8 weeks and over time [HR=0.84 (0.62‐1.15)]. However, the MDR‐TB subset showed enhanced culture conversion with VD3 therapy vs. placebo at 8 weeks (40 vs. 88%) and over time (each p<0.04). Conclusions: High‐dose VD3 was safe and did not improve TB clearance in the overall cohort of TB patients. However, clinical efficacy in patients with MDR‐TB suggests that VD treatment trials focus on this subset of patients.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH/NIDDK K24 DK096574 and Emory Global Health Institute
Food neophobia in Latino preschoolers: correlation with intake and pilot intervention results (252.2)
Authors: Haemer Matthew , Goldberg Shauna , Tong Suhong , Johnson Susan 
Published: June 2021

Background: Parent perception of a child’s willingness to try new foods may impact the dietary patterns and has not been well described in low‐income Latino preschool children.Objectives: 1. To describe relationships between parent perceived neophobia, a child’s willingness to try foods, and intake of healthful foods; and, 2. To describe results of an intervention to decrease perceived neophobia among low‐income Latino parents and increase liking of healthful foods among preschool‐aged children.Methods: Mothers and their children 3‐7 years participated. Questionnaires assessed maternal‐reported neophobia at baseline. Child's familiarity, willingness‐to‐try, and liking of 10 healthful foods were assessed at baseline. Children completed 10 childcare sessions with activities focused on increasing familiarity with healthful foods. A 1oz portion of each food was offered at each session and consumption was measured. Parents received a report on session content and snacks consumed. Parent and child surveys were repeated following the intervention. Spearman correlation coefficients tested associations and paired t‐tests compared changes in mean responses.Results: 29 dyads completed baseline and follow‐up assessments. Most foods were unfamiliar to 80% or more of children. Parent‐report neophobia was not significantly correlated with the number of foods a child reported willingness to try r=0.25 (p=0.23), consumed 0.16 (p=0.11), or liked ‐0.05 (p=0.83). On 20 point scales, parent reported neophobia decreased ‐2.2 (‐3.7, ‐0.7) p=0.0073 and child liking of foods increased a 3.4 (0.8, 5.9) p=0.0129 after the intervention. Conclusions: Parents did not predict a child’s stated willingness to try healthful foods, consumption, or liking. Parent‐reported neophobia and child’s liking were modifiable. This pilot should be expanded to a larger population using a controlled design.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Colorado Health Foundation
Reliability and validity of mapping the community food environment using direct observation: a case study in urban Guatemala (255.4)
Authors: Kanter Rebecca , Caplan Emily , Chang Fabian , Koeppel Leah , Chomitz Benjamin , Alvey Jeniece , Garcia Rosario , Solomons Noel W. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Measures of the community nutrition environment are important to understanding the food environment, which affects individual diet.Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of direct observation as a low‐cost method in mapping a food environment in Guatemala.Methods: Two teams of two raters were asked to walk two urban thoroughfares in urban Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. Both teams were instructed to record the address, food outlet type, and the main items sold by each food outlet. Teams walked each thoroughfare on separate days and in opposite directions, respectively. Mirror‐image correspondence analysis was used to determine the inter‐rater reliability between teams. The validity of direct observation in mapping a community food environment in Quetzaltenango was determined based on the face validity of this work by two experts who also walked the same thoroughfares.Results: The inter‐rater reliability between teams was moderate for both thoroughfares A and B (Percent agreement 65% and 60%), respectively. The face validity of this work was classified as also being moderate.Conclusions: In Guatemala, where store listings are incomplete and addresses are not well‐marked, we have shown that direct observation is a low‐cost method that has the potential to be both reliable and valid to map the community food environment in a low‐ and middle income country.
The geographic distribution of diabetes by census tract among insured adults in King County, WA (255.7)
Authors: Rehm Colin , Arterburn David , Drewnowski Adam 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate the geographic concentration of adult diabetes by census tract (CT) in King County, WA, in relation to socioeconomic factors.Methods: Data for 59767 adult men and women enrolled in the Group Health (GH) healthcare system as of July 31, 2006 were used to estimate the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes at the CT level. Diabetes status was identified using laboratory, pharmacy, and diagnosis data from GH’s electronic medical record databases. Measures of socioeconomic status (SES) drawn from the 2000 US Census were median home values, % of residents with a college degree and median household incomes. Spatial regression models were used to assess the relation between socioeconomic variables and diabetes.Results: Smoothed CT diabetes prevalence, obtained using an Empirical Bayes tool, ranged from 6.9 to 21.2%. The spatial distribution of diabetes was non‐random (Moran’s I=0.46), showing a concentration of high prevalence in south King County and a concentration of low prevalence in north Seattle. In spatial regression models, CT‐level home values and college education were more strongly associated with diabetes than were income. For each additional $100,000 in median home values, diabetes prevalence was 1.4% lower. The three SES factors each explained more of the variance in diabetes than demographic variables. The three SES factors,, population density, race/ethnicity, age and spatial dependence explained 52% of the variance in diabetes, Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report to show major social disparities in adult diabetes prevalence at the CT scale that is based, moreover, on medical diagnosis. Analyses of data at sufficiently fine geographic scale are needed to guide targeted local interventions to prevent and treat chronic disease.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH grants P20 RR020774‐03, R01 DK076608‐04 and R21 DK020774
Prenatal vitamin D supplementation and infant vitamin D status in Bangladesh (256.4)
Authors: Perumal Nandita , Mahmud Abdullah , Baqui Abdullah , Roth Daniel 
Published: June 2021

We aimed to determine the effect of prenatal vitamin D supplementation on infant vitamin D status in Dhaka, Bangladesh (23°N), where vitamin D supplementation is not routine. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was measured at <1, 2, 4, and 6 months of age among infants born to women randomized to receive vitamin D3 (VD: 35,000 IU/week) or placebo (PL) during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Mean 25(OH)D (n=115) was significantly higher among infants born to VD vs PL mothers at <1 month (80 ± 20 nmol/L vs 22 ± 18 nmol/L; P<0.001) and at 2 months of age (52 ± 19 nmol/L vs 40 ± 23 nmol/L; P=0.04), but the groups were similar at 4 months (P=0.41) and 6 months (P=0.27). Among infants of PL mothers (n=55), mean 25(OH)D increased to 78 ± 29 nmol/L by 6 months of age. Measured environmental (e.g. season) and dietary factors did not substantially explain the increase in 25(OH)D with age. In conclusion, high‐dose prenatal 3rd trimester vitamin D supplementation substantially improved infant vitamin D status during the early postnatal period. The age‐related rise in 25(OH)D from birth to 6 months suggested that routine postnatal infant vitamin D supplements may have a limited role in this setting.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Thrasher Fund and the Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children
Lipid‐based nutrient supplement for pregnant women improve birth outcomes among primiparous but not multiparous women in Ghana (256.7)
Authors: Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Lartey Anna , Okronipa Harriet , Peerson Janet , Vosti Stephen , Ashorn Per , Dewey Kathryn 
Published: June 2021

Nutrient deficiencies are common among pregnant women in low‐income countries. The iLiNS Project developed a small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplement (LNS, 20 g/d, 118 kcal) for pregnant and lactating women, to enrich local diets with essential fatty acids, high‐quality protein and 22 micronutrients. In a randomized, partially double‐blind, controlled trial in Ghana, pregnant women were randomized to receive daily: a) iron & folic acid (IFA), (b) capsules with 18 micronutrients (MMN) or c) LNS. Newborns were generally measured within 48 h of birth. In the full sample (n=930), groups did not differ significantly in birth outcomes (0.063蠄p蠄0.087 for birth weight and head circumference; otherwise p>0.10). Primiparity was a significant effect modifier: among multiparas (who had a low incidence of low birth weight ≍7.5%), groups did not differ, but among primiparas, infants in the LNS group had greater birth weight (+200 g), z‐scores for birth length (+0.48) and head circumference (+0.40), and lower risk for low birth weight and small‐for‐gestational age (RR (95% CI) = 0.32 (0.12, 0.63) and 0.49 (0.31, 0.72) , respectively) compared to those in the IFA group. Similar differences were observed for LNS vs. MMN but not IFA vs. MMN. We conclude that LNS can improve birth outcomes among sub‐groups at higher risk for fetal growth restriction, which in this sample were the primiparas.Grant Funding Source: Supported by a grant to the University of California, Davis from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation