bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China’s Innovation Machine
Authors: Zhang Marina Yue , Dodgson Mark , Gann David M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter sets the context of China’s innovation machine. It introduces its characteristics, including massive numbers of innovators embedded in China’s manufacturing and supply chains that offer efficiency, flexibility, and resilience; the emergence of the digital economy; and pragmatic government policies that have seen the nation progress from a period of catch-up with world leaders to a position of leadership in some fields. It explains the importance of Chinese culture for innovation and the ability of the nation to operate with ‘multiple institutional logics’ of state control and market forces. Challenges confronting China’s innovation machine are outlined, including in some areas of advanced technology and basic research, the fracturing of globalization, and the reascendancy of central planning.
Ṭur ʿAbdin
Authors: Keser Kayaalp Elif 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The introduction of the chapter analyses the topography of Ṭur ʿAbdin through comparisons and settlement relations. The material about church architecture is organized under the separate headings of ‘Villages’ and ‘Monasteries’, which constitute the main settlements in the region, together with some fortifications. The division of settlements into villages and monasteries also coincides with two distinct types of church plans: parish and monastic. In the section on villages, the main settlement features of a late antique village are discussed. After that, the village churches are examined through some of their distinct features, such as engaged arcades, masonry, brickwork, architectural sculpture, and outdoor oratories. The analysis shows that some of these churches underwent considerable rebuilding in the eighth century. Some sixth-century evidence points to their possible origins. Some small churches, built probably from scratch in the eighth century, show that in that period some architectural features were repeated faithfully. Monasteries are first examined as settlements, and spaces that constitute a monastery, other than the churches, such as walls, towers and beth qadishe, are discussed. Then both the main and secondary churches are examined in detail. Some churches of the monasteries stand out for their plan or decoration, such as the church of Mor Ḥananyo at Dayr al-Zaʿfarān and the main church of the monastery of Mor Gabriel. They are dealt with under separate headings. Although not a monastic church, the Church of Yoldath Aloho at Ḥāḥ is treated together with these churches because of some of its architectural features.
The Linguistics Wars
Authors: Harris Randy Allen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This book centers on a key rupture in the field of linguistics as a hegemony by the theories of Noam Chomsky appeared to be taking hold, a rupture in the 1960s that began a flowering of alternate approaches to Chomsky's framework, but also reoriented his framework markedly. The rupture was between Generative Semantics, which pushed to include more and more meaning in linguistic theory, and Interpretive Semantics, which resisted that push, putting more and more weight on syntactic structure. But in many ways the dispute can be reduced to George Lakoff, the most prominent voice on the more-meaning side, and Chomsky on the more-syntax side. Chomsky is a big personality, quiet and understated but always gesturing at monumental, revolutionary implications for his ideas, and always bringing great numbers of linguists along with him whenever he chases after those implications, stirring up psychology, philosophy, computer science, and other fields in the bargain. Lakoff is also big personality, anything but quiet or understated, equally comfortable gesturing at grand revolutions, equally happy to stir things up. They drive the story, but the story is about theories, data, and various technical developments, set among social currents that range from military industrial politics to the counterculture. All of these factors show up in the book, with a cast of other remarkable and influential characters. Noam Chomsky is unquestionably the most influential linguist of the twentieth century—many people claim of any century—whose work and personal imprint remains powerfully relevant today, so the book culminates with an analysis of Chomsky’s influence and legacy.
A vacuolar hexose transport is required for xylem development in the inflorescence stem
Authors: Aubry Emilie , Hoffmann Beate , Vilaine Françoise , Gilard Françoise , Klemens Patrick A W , Guérard Florence , Gakière Bertrand , Neuhaus H Ekkehard , Bellini Catherine , Dinant Sylvie , Le Hir Rozenn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn Angiosperms, the development of the vascular system is controlled by a complex network of transcription factors. However, how nutrient availability in the vascular cells affects their development remains to be addressed. At the cellular level, cytosolic sugar availability is regulated mainly by sugar exchanges at the tonoplast through active and/or facilitated transport. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), among the genes encoding tonoplastic transporters, SUGAR WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTER 16 (SWEET16) and SWEET17 expression has been previously detected in the vascular system. Here, using a reverse genetics approach, we propose that sugar exchanges at the tonoplast, regulated by SWEET16, are important for xylem cell division as revealed in particular by the decreased number of xylem cells in the swt16 mutant and the accumulation of SWEET16 at the procambium–xylem boundary. In addition, we demonstrate that transport of hexoses mediated by SWEET16 and/or SWEET17 is required to sustain the formation of the xylem secondary cell wall. This result is in line with a defect in the xylem cell wall composition as measured by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy in the swt16swt17 double mutant and by upregulation of several genes involved in secondary cell wall synthesis. Our work therefore supports a model in which xylem development partially depends on the exchange of hexoses at the tonoplast of xylem-forming cells.
Pain Relief with Combination Acetaminophen/Codeine or Ibuprofen following Third-Molar Extraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Watson Hunter , Hildebolt Charles , Rowland Kevin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled studies that, following third-molar extraction, utilized either a combination of acetaminophen (600 mg) with codeine (60 mg) or ibuprofen (400 mg) for pain management.

Design
We searched PubMed, and the trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov databases with the keywords “molar or molars,” “tooth or teeth,” “extraction,” and “pain.” Selected studies were: (1) randomized, blinded, placebo controlled, (2) utilized either a single-dose combination acetaminophen (600 mg) with codeine (60 mg) (A/C) or ibuprofen, and (3) recorded standardized pain relief (PR) at 6 hours, or summed total pain relief over 6 hours (TOTPAR6). Of the 2,949 articles that were identified, 79 were retrieved for full-text analysis, and 20 of these studies met our inclusion criteria.

Results
For A/C, the weighted, standardized mean difference (SMD) for TOTPAR6 was 0.796 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.597–0.995), P &lt; .001, and for PR at 6 hours, the SMD was 0.0186 (0.007 to 0.378; P = .059), whereas for ibuprofen the SMD for TOTPAR6 was 3.009 (1.283 to 4.735; P = .001), and for PR at 6 hours, the SMD was 0.854 (95% CI, 0.712–0.996; P &lt; .001). A SMD of 0.8 or larger is indicative of a large effect.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that single dose of ibuprofen (400 mg) is an effective pain reducer for post third molar extraction pain.
Vascularized bone regeneration accelerated by 3D-printed nanosilicate-functionalized polycaprolactone scaffold
Authors: Xu Xiongcheng , Xiao Long , Xu Yanmei , Zhuo Jin , Yang Xue , Li Li , Xiao Nianqi , Tao Jing , Zhong Quan , Li Yanfen , Chen Yuling , Du Zhibin , Luo Kai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Critical oral-maxillofacial bone defects, damaged by trauma and tumors, not only affect the physiological functions and mental health of patients but are also highly challenging to reconstruct. Personalized biomaterials customized by 3D printing technology have the potential to match oral-maxillofacial bone repair and regeneration requirements. Laponite (LAP) nanosilicates have been added to biomaterials to achieve biofunctional modification owing to their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. Herein, porous nanosilicate-functionalized polycaprolactone (PCL/LAP) was fabricated by 3D printing technology, and its bioactivities in bone regeneration were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PCL/LAP exhibited good cytocompatibility and enhanced the viability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). PCL/LAP functioned to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs at the mRNA and protein levels and elevated angiogenic gene expression and cytokine secretion. Moreover, BMSCs cultured on PCL/LAP promoted the angiogenesis potential of endothelial cells by angiogenic cytokine secretion. Then, PCL/LAP scaffolds were implanted into the calvarial defect model. Toxicological safety of PCL/LAP was confirmed, and significant enhancement of vascularized bone formation was observed. Taken together, 3D-printed PCL/LAP scaffolds with brilliant osteogenesis to enhance bone regeneration could be envisaged as an outstanding bone substitute for a promising change in oral-maxillofacial bone defect reconstruction.
Integration of PEG-conjugated gadolinium complex and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as T1–T2 dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging probes
Authors: Yang Li , Fu Shengxiang , Cai Zhongyuan , Liu Li , Xia Chunchao , Gong Qiyong , Song Bin , Ai Hua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The T1−T2 dual-mode probes for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can non-invasively acquire comprehensive information of different tissues or generate self-complementary information of the same tissue at the same time, making MRI a more flexible imaging modality for complicated applications. In this work, three Gadolinium-diethylene-triaminepentaaceticacid (Gd-DTPA) complex conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles with different Gd/Fe molar ratio (0.94, 1.28 and 1.67) were prepared as T1–T2 dual-mode MRI probes, named as SPIO@PEG-GdDTPA0.94, SPIO@PEG-GdDTPA1.28 and SPIO@PEG-GdDTPA1.67, respectively. All SPIO@PEG-GdDTPA nanocomposites with 8 nm spherical SPIO nanocrystals showed good Gd3+ chelate stability. SPIO@PEG-GdDTPA0.94 nanocomposites with lowest Gd/Fe molar ratio show no cytotoxicity to Raw 264.7 cells as compared to SPIO@PEG-GdDTPA1.28 and SPIO@PEG-GdDTPA1.67. SPIO@PEG-GdDTPA0.94 nanocomposites with r1 (8.4 mM−1s−1), r2 (83.2 mM−1s−1) and relatively ideal r2/r1 ratio (9.9) were selected for T1–T2 dual-mode MRI of blood vessels and liver tissue in vivo. Good contrast images were obtained for both cardiovascular system and liver in animal studies under a clinical 3 T scanner. Importantly, one can get high-quality contrast-enhanced blood vessel images within the first 2 h after contrast agent administration and acquire liver tissue anatomy information up to 24 h. Overall, the strategy of one shot of the dual mode MRI agent could bring numerous benefits not only for patients but also to the radiologists and clinicians, e.g. saving time, lowering side effects and collecting data of different organs sequentially.
Effects of Parkinson Disease on Blur-Driven and Disparity-Driven Vergence Eye Movements
Authors: Gupta Palak , Beylergil Sinem , Murray Jordan , Jacobs Jonathan , Kilbane Camilla , Shaikh Aasef G. , Ghasia Fatema F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
Synchronous movements of the 2 eyes in the opposite direction, disconjugate movements such as vergence, facilitate depth perception. The vergence eye movements are affected in Parkinson disease (PD). Visual blur (accommodation) and fusion (retinal disparity) are important triggers for the vergence. The neural circuit responsible for blur-driven and disparity-driven vergence is tightly coupled. We investigated the effect of PD on these 2 vergence paradigms. In the experiment involving 14 patients with PD and 6 healthy controls, substantial differences between blur-driven and disparity-driven vergence were found. The gain (ratio of actual vs desired eye movements) was reduced in patients with PD in case of disparity-driven vergence but not in blur-driven vergence. The latency of disparity-driven vergence onset was significantly longer for patients with PD compared with healthy controls. Four strategies were used to drive disparity-driven vergence: a) pure disconjugate vergence, b) conjugate saccadic movements, c) disconjugate vergence followed by saccadic movements, and d) conjugate saccades followed by disconjugate vergence movements. Blur-driven vergence had only 2 strategies: a) conjugate saccades followed by disconjugate vergence and b) conjugate saccadic movements only. The results are consistent with the prediction that PD primarily affects disparity-driven vergence, but there are some effects on the strategies to execute blur-driven vergence. We speculate that the deep cerebellar nuclei and the supraoculomotor area of the midbrain that carry the disparity-driven and blur-driven vergence are affected in PD. It is possible to modulate their function through projections to the subthalamic nuclei.
Devosia equisanguinis sp. nov., isolated from horse blood
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Busse Hans-Jürgen , Clermont Dominique , Criscuolo Alexis , Glaeser Stefanie P. 
Published: November 2021

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-endospore-forming organism isolated from horse blood was studied for its taxonomic allocation. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain M6-77T grouped within the genus

Devosia

and was most closely related to

Devosia elaeis

(97.6 %) and

Devosia indica

(97.55 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to type strains of other

Devosia

species was below 97.5 %. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between the M6-77T genome assembly and those of the closest relative

Devosia

type strains were <85 and <25 %, respectively. Strain M6-77T grew optimally at 25–37 °C (range: 10–36 °C), at a pH range of pH 6.5–10.5 and in the presence of up to 3 % (w/v) NaCl. The fatty acid profile from whole-cell hydrolysates supported the allocation of the strain to the genus

Devosia

. Major fatty acids were C18 : 1
ω7c, 11-methyl C18 : 1
ω7c and C16 : 0. The quinone system consisted exclusively of ubiquinone Q-10. The polar lipid profile was composed of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unidentified glycolipids. In the polyamine pattern, putrescine was predominant and spermidine was detected in moderate amounts. The diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain M6-77T from the closely related species. Hence, M6-77T represents a new species of the genus

Devosia

, for which we propose the name Devosia equisanguinis sp. nov., with M6-77T (=CIP 111628T=LMG 30659T=CCM 8868T) as the type strain.
Home literacy environment mediates the relationship between socioeconomic status and white matter structure in infants
Authors: Turesky Ted K. , Sanfilippo Joseph , Zuk Jennifer , Ahtam Banu , Gagoski Borjan , Lee Ally , Garrisi Kathryn , Dunstan Jade , Carruthers Clarisa , Vanderauwera Jolijn , Yu Xi , Gaab Nadine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe home literacy environment (HLE) in infancy has been associated with subsequent pre-literacy skill development and HLE at pre-school age has been shown to correlate with white matter organization in tracts that subserve prereading and reading skills. Furthermore, childhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked with both HLE and white matter organization. It is also important to understand whether the relationships between environmental factors such as HLE and SES and white matter organization can be detected as early as infancy, as this period is characterized by rapid brain development that may make white matter pathways particularly susceptible to these early experiences. Here, we hypothesized (1) an association between HLE and white matter organization in pre-reading and reading-related tracts in infants, and (2) that this association mediates a link between SES and white matter organization. To test these hypotheses, infants (mean age: 9.2 ± 2.5 months, N = 18) underwent diffusion-weighted imaging MRI during natural sleep. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was estimated from the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and left arcuate fasciculus using the automated fiber-tract quantification method. HLE was measured with the Reading subscale of the StimQ and SES was measured with years of maternal education. Self-reported maternal reading ability was also quantified and applied to all statistical models to control for confounding genetic effects. The Reading subscale of the StimQ positively related to FA in left SLF and mediated the association between maternal education and FA in the left SLF. Taken together, these findings underscore the importance of considering HLE from the start of life and may inform novel prevention and intervention strategies targeted at low-SES families to support developing infants during a period of heightened brain plasticity.
Whokaryote: distinguishing eukaryotic and prokaryotic contigs in metagenomes based on gene structure
Authors: Pronk Lotte J. U. , Medema Marnix H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetagenomics has become a prominent technology to study the functional potential of all organisms in a microbial community. Most studies focus on the bacterial content of these communities, while ignoring eukaryotic microbes. Indeed, many metagenomics analysis pipelines silently assume that all contigs in a metagenome are prokaryotic. However, because of marked differences in gene structure, prokaryotic gene prediction tools fail to accurately predict eukaryotic genes. Here, we developed a classifier that distinguishes eukaryotic from prokaryotic contigs based on foundational differences between these taxa in gene structure. We first developed a random forest classifier that uses intergenic distance, gene density and gene length as the most important features. We show that, with an estimated accuracy of 97%, this classifier with principled features grounded in biology can perform almost as well as the classifiers EukRep and Tiara, which use k-mer frequencies as features. By re-training our classifier with Tiara predictions as additional feature, weaknesses of both types of classifiers are compensated; the result is an enhanced classifier that outperforms all individual classifiers, with an F1-score of 1.00 on precision, recall and accuracy for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, while still being fast. In a reanalysis of metagenome data from a disease-suppressive plant endosphere microbial community, we show how using Whokaryote to select contigs for eukaryotic gene prediction facilitates the discovery of several biosynthetic gene clusters that were missed in the original study. Our enhanced classifier, which we call ‘Whokaryote’, is wrapped in an easily installable package and is freely available from https://git.wageningenur.nl/lotte.pronk/whokaryote.
Rhythmic auditory stimulation rescues cognitive flexibility in mutant mice with impaired gamma synchrony
Authors: Shi Jingcheng , Phensy Aarron J. , Sohal Vikaas S. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTNeural synchronization at gamma (∼40 Hz) frequencies is believed to contribute to brain function and be deficient in disorders including Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. Gamma-frequency sensory stimulation has been proposed as a non-invasive treatment for deficient gamma synchrony and associated cognitive deficits, and has been shown to be effective in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. However, both the mechanism and applicability of this approach remain unclear. Here we tested this approach using mutant (Dlx5/6+/-) mice which have deficits in gamma synchrony and the ability to learn to shift between rules which use different types of cues to indicate reward locations. 40 Hz auditory stimulation rescues rule shifting in Dlx5/6+/- mice. However, this improvement does not outlast the period of stimulation, and is not associated with normalized gamma synchrony, measured using genetically encoded voltage indicators. These results show how gamma-frequency sensory stimulation may improve behavior without fully restoring normal circuit function.
Mfsd2b and Spns2 are essential for maintenance of blood vessels during development and protection of anaphylaxis
Authors: Le Thanh Nha Uyen , Nguyen Toan Q. , Nguyen Yen Thi Kim , Tan Clarissa Kai Hui , Tukijan Farhana , Couty Ludovic , Hasan Zafrul , Kalailingam Pazhanichamy , Wenk Markus , Cazenave-Gassiot Amaury , Camerer Eric , Nguyen Long N. 
Published: November 2021

SummarySphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent lipid mediator that is secreted by several cell types to induce signaling. We recently showed that Mfsd2b is an S1P transporter from hematopoietic cells, which contributes approximately 50% plasma S1P. To further determine the sources of plasma S1P, here, we report the characterizations of compound deletions of Mfsd2b and Spns2, another S1P transporter from endothelial cells. Global deletion of Mfsd2b and Spns2 (gDKO) resulted in embryonic lethality between E13.5 and E14.5 with severe hemorrhage that largely recapitulated the phenotypes from global S1P1 knockout mice, indicating that together with Mfsd2b, Spns2 also provides embryonic source of S1P for S1P1 stimulation. The hemorrhagic phenotypes in gDKO embryos were accompanied by increased angiogenesis and defects of tight junction proteins, indicating that S1P from Mfsd2b and Spns2 is essential for blood vessel integrity and maturation. The various sources of S1P in postnatal stages are yet to be fully understood. Postnatal ablation of S1P synthesis enzymes using Mx1Cre shows that Mx1Cre-sensitive cells provide most of plasma S1P. Interestingly, we showed that compound postnatal deletion of Mfsd2b and Spns2 using Mx1Cre (ctDKO-Mx1Cre) resulted in maximal reduction of 80% plasma S1P. Thus, a small amount of plasma S1P is supplied from other sources independent of Mfsd2b and Spns2. Nevertheless, the vasculature in the lung of ctDKO-Mx1Cre mice was compromised. Furthermore, ctDKO-Mx1Cre mice also exhibited severe susceptibility to anaphylaxis, indicating that S1P from Mfsd2b and Spns2 is indispensable during vascular stress. Together, our results show that Mfsd2b and Spns2 provide a critical source of S1P for embryonic development and they also provide a majority of plasma S1P for vascular homeostasis.