bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Line between Medicaid and Marketplace: Coverage Effects from Wisconsin's Partial Expansion
Authors: Dague Laura , Burns Marguerite , Friedsam Donna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Context: States have experimented with the income eligibility threshold between Medicaid coverage and access to subsidized Marketplace plans in an effort to increase coverage for low-income adults while meeting other state priorities, particularly a balanced budget. In 2014, Wisconsin opted against adopting an ACA Medicaid expansion, instead setting the Medicaid eligibility threshold at 100% of the poverty level—a state-funded partial expansion. Childless adults gained new eligibility, while parents and caregivers with incomes between 101–200% of poverty lost existing eligibility.
Methods: We used Wisconsin's all-payer claims database to assess health insurance gains, losses, and transitions among low-income adults affected by this partial expansion.
Findings: We found that less than one third of adults who lost Medicaid eligibility definitely took up commercial coverage, and many returned to Medicaid. Among those newly eligible for Medicaid, there was little evidence of crowd-out. Both groups experienced limited continuity of coverage. Overall, new Medicaid enrollment of childless adults was offset by coverage losses among parents and caregivers, rendering Wisconsin's overall coverage gains similar to nonexpansion states.
Conclusions: Wisconsin's experience demonstrates the difficulty in relying on the Marketplace to cover the near poor and suggests that full Medicaid expansion more effectively increases coverage.
Naive poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal cues to avoid insect predators but not heterospecific predatory tadpoles
Authors: Szabo Birgit , Mangione Rosanna , Rath Matthias , Pašukonis Andrius , Reber Stephan A. , Oh Jinook , Ringler Max , Ringler Eva 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTFor animals to survive until reproduction, it is crucial that juveniles successfully detect potential predators and respond with appropriate behavior. The recognition of cues originating from predators can be innate or learned. Cues of various modalities might be used alone or in multi-modal combinations to detect and distinguish predators but studies investigating multi-modal integration in predator avoidance are scarce. Here, we used wild, naive tadpoles of the Neotropical poison frog Allobates femoralis ( Boulenger, 1884) to test their reaction to cues with two modalities from two different sympatrically occurring potential predators: heterospecific predatory Dendrobates tinctorius tadpoles and dragonfly larvae. We presented A. femoralis tadpoles with olfactory or visual cues, or a combination of the two, and compared their reaction to a water control in a between-individual design. In our trials, A. femoralis tadpoles reacted to multi-modal stimuli (a combination of visual and chemical information) originating from dragonfly larvae with avoidance but showed no reaction to uni-modal cues or cues from heterospecific tadpoles. In addition, visual cues from conspecifics increased swimming activity while cues from predators had no effect on tadpole activity. Our results show that A. femoralis tadpoles can innately recognize some predators and probably need both visual and chemical information to effectively avoid them. This is the first study looking at anti-predator behavior in poison frog tadpoles. We discuss how parental care might influence the expression of predator avoidance responses in tadpoles.
Acumulação de Capacidades Tecnológicas para Inovação e Fortalecimento da Competitividade no Ecossistema de Biotecnologia para Saúde Humana no Brasil
Authors: Figueiredo Paulo , Daniela Uziel , Cabral Bernardo , Palhinha Lohanna , Gomes Pedro Ivo 
Published: November 2021

Este documento apresenta uma versão parcial do estudo em desenvolvimento sobre o processo de acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas para atividades de produção e de inovação, suas fontes e impactos na performance competitiva, em nível de empresas, no setor de biotecnologia para saúde humana no Brasil. Considerando a alta importância estratégica dessas indústrias para a economia brasileira, a sua capacidade para inovar e competir internacionalmente impacta diretamente no grau e extensão do desenvolvimento socioeconômico do Brasil. A despeito da quantidade de estudos sobre essas indústrias no Brasil, há uma enorme escassez de evidências e explicações sistematizadas e dinâmicas, com adequado grau de detalhe e profundidade, em nível intraindústria e empresarial, que possam iluminar e suportar o desenho e a implementação de políticas públicas aliadas a estratégias empresariais orientadas ao fortalecimento das capacidades tecnológicas inovadoras e da competitividade internacional dessas indústrias no Brasil. Baseando-se em uma metodologia inovadora, validada cientificamente, em nível internacional, e utilizada largamente no exame de outras indústrias intensivas em processo no Brasil, a pesquisa aqui proposta objetiva: (a) Gerar novas evidências e explicações sobre o processo de acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas, suas fontes e seus impactos em atividades inovadoras e indicadores de competitividade, com base em evidências de empresas selecionadas das indústrias farmoquímica e farmacêutica voltadas para saúde humana no Brasil. As evidências serão coletadas e examinadas em nível de empresas e de forma anonimizada e os dados da pesquisa, embora em nível micro e intraindústria, serão tratados de forma agregada; (b) Gerar insumos e suporte para o desenho, redesenho e/ou aprimoramento de políticas públicas aliadas a estratégias empresariais orientadas ao fortalecimento da competitividade internacional da indústria farmacêutica e farmoquímica no Brasil. Considerando que inovação e fortalecimento da competitividade são processos, esta pesquisa, quando concretizada, terá o potencial para estimular esforços para a construção de um sistema de monitoramento contínuo de indicadores de inovação e competitividade dessas indústrias no Brasil, com base nas evidências, análises e metodologia da pesquisa.
Palavras chave: Capacidade Tecnológica, Aprendizagem Tecnológica, Inovação, Biotecnologia, Saúde Humana
Constrained least-squares algorithm for active optics correction of a primary mirror
Authors: Li Wenru , Tang Jinlong , Guo Youming , Rao Changhui 
Published: November 2021

Active optics technology improves the performance and image quality of large telescopes. To effectively compensate for optical aberrations, the constrained least-squares (CLS) algorithm, which considers the characteristics of the resultant moment, the force budget, and the local force smoothness, is proposed to optimize the force distribution. First, the constraint of the resultant moment is used to decouple the shape control and location control. Then, through the force budget, the surface residual and force amplitude can be balanced. At last, the local smooth constraint is proposed to reduce the mirror’s internal stress. Simulations were conducted on a 4 m thin mirror to compare the force distributions obtained by the least-squares, bending modes (BMs), and CLS algorithms. The results show that under equivalent residuals, the proposed algorithm is superior to the BM algorithm and performs better on local force smoothness.
Robust and low cost in-fiber acousto-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer and its application in a dual-wavelength laser
Authors: Han Xiaofang , Wang Zhao , Gao Feng , Zhang Wending , Bo Fang , Dong Xiao , Zhang Guoquan , Xu Jingjun 
Published: November 2021

A robust in-fiber tunable acousto-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer with a taper-shaped sandwich-like fiber structure is proposed and characterized experimentally, based on which tunable dual-wavelength lasers are demonstrated. The fiber structure was prepared by two-step etching methods, which could be used to fabricate either a symmetric structure for a continuous tuning dual-wavelength laser or an asymmetric structure for a switchable one. The proposed structure has advantages of low cost, low driving power, and robustness. The method for preparing the fiber structure is agile, which paves the way for its applications.
Impact of excluding nursing home COVID-19 cases when assessing the relationship between county-level social distancing behavior and COVID-19 cases across the US during the early phase of the pandemic, February 2020-May 2020
Authors: Tran Phoebe , Tran Lam , Tran Liem 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
To conduct a cross-sectional nationwide study examining how exclusion of nursing home COVID-19 cases influences the association between county level social distancing behavior and COVID-19 cases throughout the US during the early phase of the pandemic (February 2020-May 2020).

Methods
Using county-level COVID-19 data and social distancing metrics from tracked mobile devices, we investigated the impact social distancing had on a county’s total COVID-19 cases (cases/100,000 people) between when the first COVID-19 case was confirmed in a county and May 31st, 2020 when most statewide social distancing measures were lifted, representing the pandemic’s exponential growth phase. We created a mixed-effects negative binomial model to assess how implementation of social distancing measures when they were most stringent (March 2020-May 2020) influenced total COVID-19 cases while controlling for social distancing and COVID-19 related covariates in two scenarios: (1) when COVID-19 nursing home cases are not excluded from total COVID-19 cases and (2) when these cases are excluded. Model findings were compared to those from February 2020, a baseline when social distancing measures were not in place.
Marginal effects at the means were generated to further isolate the influence of social distancing on COVID-19 from other factors and determine total COVID-19 cases during March 2020-May 2020 for the two scenarios.

Results
Regardless of whether nursing home COVID-19 cases were excluded from total COVID-19 cases, a 1% increase in average % of mobile devices leaving home was significantly associated with a 5% increase in a county’s total COVID-19 cases between March 2020-May 2020 and about a 2.5% decrease in February 2020. When the influence of social distancing was separated from other factors, the estimated total COVID-19 cases/100,000 people was comparable throughout the range of social distancing values (25%-45% of mobile phone devices leaving home between March 2020-May 2020) when nursing home COVID-19 cases were not excluded (25% of mobile phones leaving home: 163.84 cases/100,000 people (95% CI: 121.81, 205.86), 45% of mobile phones leaving home: 432.79 cases/100,000 people (95% CI: 256.91, 608.66)) and when they were excluded (25% of mobile phones leaving home: 149.58 cases/100,000 people (95% CI: 111.90, 187.26), 45% of mobile phones leaving home: 405.38 cases/100,000 people (95% CI: 243.14, 567.62)).

Conclusions
Exclusion of nursing home COVID-19 cases from total COVID-19 case counts has little impact when estimating the relationship between county-level social distancing and preventing COVID-19 cases with additional research needed to see whether this finding is also observed for COVID-19 growth rates and mortality.
Differences in the organisation of early pregnancy units and the effect of senior clinician presence, volume of patients and weekend opening on emergency hospital admissions: Findings from the VESPA Study
Authors: Memtsa Maria , Goodhart Venetia , Ambler Gareth , Brocklehurst Peter , Keeney Edna , Silverio Sergio A. , Anastasiou Zacharias , Round Jeff , Khan Nazim , Hall Jennifer , Barrett Geraldine , Bender-Atik Ruth , Stephenson Judith , Jurkovic Davor 
Published: November 2021

Objective
To determine whether the participation of consultant gynaecologists in delivering early pregnancy care results in a lower rate of acute hospital admissions.

Design
Prospective cohort study and emergency hospital care audit; data were collected as part of the national prospective mixed-methods VESPA study on the “Variations in the organization of EPAUs in the UK and their effects on clinical, Service and PAtient-centred outcomes”.

Setting
44 Early Pregnancy Assessment Units (EPAUs) across the UK randomly selected in balanced numbers from eight pre-defined mutually exclusive strata.

Participants
6606 pregnant women (≥16 years old) with suspected first trimester pregnancy complications attending the participating EPAUs or Emergency Departments (ED) from December 2016 to July 2017.

Exposures
Planned and actual senior clinician presence, unit size, and weekend opening.

Main outcome measures
Unplanned admissions to hospital following any visit for investigations or treatment for first trimester complications as a proportion of women attending EPAUs.

Results
205/6397 (3.2%; 95% CI 2.8–3.7) women were admitted following their EPAU attendance. The admission rate among 44 units ranged from 0% to 13.7% (median 2.8). Neither planned senior clinician presence (p = 0.874) nor unit volume (p = 0.247) were associated with lower admission rates from EPAU, whilst EPAU opening over the weekend resulted in lower admission rates (p = 0.027). 1445/5464 (26.4%; 95%CI 25.3 to 27.6) women were admitted from ED. There was little evidence of an association with planned senior clinician time (p = 0.280) or unit volume (p = 0.647). Keeping an EPAU open over the weekend for an additional hour was associated with 2.4% (95% CI 0.1% to 4.7%) lower odds of an emergency admission from ED.

Conclusions
Involvement of senior clinicians in delivering early pregnancy care has no significant impact on emergency hospital admissions for early pregnancy complications. Weekend opening, however, may be an effective way of reducing emergency admissions from ED.
Optimizing ECG to detect echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy with computer-based ECG data and machine learning
Authors: De la Garza Salazar Fernando , Romero Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena , Azpiri López José Ramón , González Cantú Arnulfo 
Published: November 2021

Background
Left ventricular hypertrophy detected by echocardiography (Echo-LVH) is an independent predictor of mortality. Integration of the Philips DXL-16 algorithm into the electrocardiogram (ECG) extensively analyses the electricity of the heart. Machine learning techniques such as the C5.0 could lead to a new decision tree criterion to detect Echo-LVH.

Objectives
To search for a new combination of ECG parameters predictive of Echo-LVH. The final model is called the Cardiac Hypertrophy Computer-based model (CHCM).

Methods
We extracted the 458 ECG parameters provided by the Philips DXL-16 algorithm in patients with Echo-LVH and controls. We used the C5.0 ML algorithm to train, test, and validate the CHCM. We compared its diagnostic performance to validate state-of-the-art criteria in our patient cohort.

Results
We included 439 patients and considered an alpha value of 0.05 and a power of 99%. The CHCM includes T voltage in I (≤0.055 mV), peak-to-peak QRS distance in aVL (>1.235 mV), and peak-to-peak QRS distance in aVF (>0.178 mV). The CHCM had an accuracy of 70.5% (CI95%, 65.2–75.5), a sensitivity of 74.3%, and a specificity of 68.7%. In the external validation cohort (n = 156), the CHCM had an accuracy of 63.5% (CI95%, 55.4–71), a sensitivity of 42%, and a specificity of 82.9%. The accuracies of the most relevant state-of-the-art criteria were: Romhilt-Estes (57.4%, CI95% 49–65.5), VDP Cornell (55.7%, CI95%47.6–63.7), Cornell (59%, CI95%50.8–66.8), Dalfó (62.9%, CI95%54.7–70.6), Sokolow Lyon (53.9%, CI95%45.7–61.9), and Philips DXL-16 algorithm (54.5%, CI95%46.3–62.5).

Conclusion
ECG computer-based data and the C5.0 determined a new set of ECG parameters to predict Echo-LVH. The CHCM classifies patients as Echo-LVH with repolarization abnormalities or LVH with increased voltage. The CHCM has a similar accuracy, and is slightly more sensitive than the state-of-the-art criteria.
Suburban Fantastic: Growing Up in the Late Twentieth Century, Angus McFadzean (2019)
Authors: Laxton Carleigh 
Published: November 2021

Review of: Suburban Fantastic: Growing Up in the Late Twentieth Century, Angus McFadzean (2019)
London: Wallflower Press and Columbia University Press, 144pp., ISBN: 9780231189958 (pbk), $23.00, ISBN: 9780231548632 (hbk), $21.99
Traceability and certification of seed potato by blockchain technology
Authors: Sharma Kapil Kumar , Singh Paramjeet , Dua Vijay kumar , Sharma Jagdev 
Published: November 2021

The use of blockchain technology for the seed supply chain will bring a real change to seed management. It provides the ability to track the purity of the seed. The unique digital identity created for every batch of seeds provides a complete history of the seed supply chain providing transparency and visibility to the buyer.
Potato is designated as “
Future Food” for food and nutritional security to the developing world by FAO in 2008 In Indian Agri-scenario potato’s is the fourth most important food crop after Rice, wheat, and maize. Potato, a vegetatively propagated crop, and its yield is affected by several factors. Among them, quality seed is one of the most important factors. Input cost for seed purchase goes upto 40 to 50 percent of the total input cost of the crop. The average yield increase from 30 to 50 percent by the use of good quality seed as compared to farmers’ seeds was reported by FAO in a document on potato in the Asia Pacific (https://www.fao.org/3/i0200e/I0200E05.htm). Punjab has earned the status of
“Seed Bowl of Potato” which meets 90% of the total disease-free potato requirement of the country (Status report Department of Horticulture, Punjab). It stands 6th in total potato production of 2.87 million tonnes, recording productivity (28.70 t/ha) from an area of 1.06 lakh ha in 2019-20 (Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agri. & Cooperation).
The government of Punjab (Department of Agri &farmers welfare) in the Year 2019 initiated the certification and traceability of seed potato to ensure optimum transparency. This task was entrusted to
Punjab Agri Export Corporation (PAGREXCO) along with a Bangalore based company-
Cropin Technology Solutions as the technology partner. Blockchain technology will be used to undertake certification and traceability of seed potato right from nucleus to seed level (harvest). In the crop season, 2019-20 a group of 23 farmers/seed producing agencies come under the umbrella with 1809.80 acres of seed potato of different varieties registered for certification. In the years 2020-21, the area under different stages of certification stands at 1499.63 acres.
Gompf connected sum for orbifolds and K-contact Smale–Barden manifolds
Authors: Muñoz Vicente 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We develop the Gompf fiber connected sum operation for symplectic orbifolds. We use it
to construct a symplectic 4-orbifold with

b
1

=
0

{b_{1}=0}

and containing symplectic surfaces
of genus 1 and 2 that are disjoint and span the rational homology. This is used
in turn to construct a K-contact Smale–Barden manifold with specified 2-homology that
satisfies the known topological constraints with sharper estimates than the examples
constructed previously. The manifold can be chosen spin or non-spin.
On the variance of the nodal volume of arithmetic random waves
Authors: Cherubini Giacomo , Laaksonen Niko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rudnick and Wigman (2008) conjectured that the
variance of the volume of
the nodal set of arithmetic random waves on the d-dimensional torus is

O
⁢

(

E
/
𝒩

)

{O(E/\mathcal{N})}

, as

E
→
∞

{E\to\infty}

, where E is the energy and

𝒩

{\mathcal{N}}

is the dimension of the eigenspace corresponding to E. Previous results
have established this with
stronger asymptotics when

d
=
2

{d=2}

and

d
=
3

{d=3}

. In this brief note we prove
an upper bound of the form

O
⁢

(

E
/

𝒩

1
+

α
⁢

(
d
)

-
ϵ

)

{O(E/\mathcal{N}^{1+\alpha(d)-\epsilon})}

,
for any

ϵ
>
0

{\epsilon>0}

and

d
≥
4

{d\geq 4}

,
where

α
⁢

(
d
)

{\alpha(d)}

is positive and tends to zero with d.
The power saving is the best possible with the current
method (up to ϵ)
when

d
≥
5

{d\geq 5}

due to the proof of the

ℓ
2

{\ell^{2}}

-decoupling conjecture by
Bourgain and Demeter.
Particular solutions of equations with multiple characteristics expressed through hypergeometric functions
Authors: Irgashev Bahrom Y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the paper, similarity solutions are constructed for a model equation with multiple characteristics of an arbitrary integer order. It is shown that the structure of similarity solutions depends on the mutual simplicity of the orders of derivatives with respect to the variable x and y, respectively. Frequent cases are considered in which they are shown as fundamental solutions of well-known equations, expressed in a linear way through the constructed similarity solutions.
Luminescence properties of Eu2+ and Sm3+ co-doped in KBaPO4
Authors: Xu Yingwei , Zhang Tingting , Zheng Li , Zou Ailing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
KBaPO4:Eu2+/Sm3+ phosphor was synthesized via the high-temperature solid-phase reaction method. The structural properties, surface morphology, and optical properties of the synthesized samples were obtained by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescence measurements. The XRD patterns indicate that the crystal structure of KBaPO4 has not been changed by co-doped with two rare-earth ions. Under the excitation of 400 nm, the Eu2+ and Sm3+ co-doped KBaPO4 phosphors showed typical emission peaks at 430 (blue), 562 (yellow), and 600 nm (red). Meanwhile, with the increase of the Sm3+ content, the photoluminescent (PL) emission intensity of Sm3+ increased until the content reaches 0.12. However, the PL intensity of Eu2+ ions gradually decreased, which indicated that there was a possible energy transfer between the two ions. Therefore, the obtained results indicated that Eu2+/Sm3+ co-doped KBaPO4 is a promising phosphor for the use in white light-emitting diodes with near ultraviolet chips.
Gravity modulation effect on weakly nonlinear thermal convection in a fluid layer bounded by rigid boundaries
Authors: Kiran Palle 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of gravity modulation on Rayleigh–Bénard convection using the rigid isothermal boundary conditions. We calculate heat transfer results using the Nusselt and mean Nusselt numbers through the finite-amplitude of convection, which we got from the Ginzburg–Landau equation (GLE). The Ginzburg–Landau equation is derived analytically from the Fredholm solvability condition at third order. The finite amplitude equation (GLE) is a function of system parameters and solved numerically. The gravity modulation considered in terms of steady and sinusoidal parts. The sinusoidal part defines gravity modulation in terms of amplitude and frequency. Our study shows that gravity modulation controls the heat transfer results. The amplitude of modulation enhances heat transfer for low frequencies and diminishes for high frequencies. Further, we found that rigid isothermal boundary conditions are diminishing heat transfer than free and isothermal boundaries. Finally, we concluded that rigid isothermal boundary conditions and gravity modulation controls heat transfer results.
Strategien der pädagogischen Fachkräfte im Umgang mit Mehrsprachigkeit im Elementarbereich
Authors: Blaschitz Verena , Weichselbaum Maria , Tsonev Sevil Çelik , Grond Agnes 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Analyse von Video- und Audioaufnahmen spontaner Alltagsszenen im Elementarbereich exemplifiziert und bestätigt bereits bekannte Strategien von pädagogischen Fachkräften im Umgang mit kindlicher Mehrsprachigkeit und bewertet diese aus linguistischer und pädagogischer Sicht. Die dokumentierten Interaktionen wurden auf Deutsch und Türkisch transkribiert, übersetzt und analysiert, wodurch der Artikel die vielfach konstatierte Black Box Kindergarten zumindest sprachlich etwas aufbricht.