bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of modified Mohr–Coulomb model and Bai–Wierzbicki model for constructing 3D ductile fracture envelope of AA6063
Authors: Gao Jianye , He Tao , Huo Yuanming , Song Miao , Yao Tingting , Yang Wanbo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ductile fracture of metal often occurs in the plastic forming process of parts. The establishment of ductile fracture criterion can effectively guide the selection of process parameters and avoid ductile fracture of parts during machining. The 3D ductile fracture envelope of AA6063-T6 were developed to predict and prevent its fracture. Smooth round bar tension tests were performed to characterize the flow stress, and a series of experiments were conducted to characterize the ductile fracture firstly, such as notched round bar tension tests, compression tests and torsion tests. These tests cover a wide range of stress triaxiality (ST) and Lode parameter (LP) to calibrate the ductile fracture criterion. Plasticity modeling was performed, and the predicted results were compared with corresponding experimental data to verify the plasticity model after these experiments. Then the relationship between ductile fracture strain and ST with LP was constructed using the modified Mohr–Coulomb (MMC) model and Bai-Wierzbicki (BW) model to develop the 3D ductile fracture envelope. Finally, two ductile damage models were proposed based on the 3D fracture envelope of AA6063. Through the comparison of the two models, it was found that BW model had better fitting effect, and the sum of squares of residual error of BW model was 0.9901. The two models had relatively large errors in predicting the fracture strain of SRB tensile test and torsion test, but both of the predicting error of both two models were within the acceptable range of 15%. In the process of finite element simulation, the evolution process of ductile fracture can be well simulated by the two models. However, BW model can predict the location of fracture more accurately than MMC model.
A multilevel study of patient-centered care perceptions in mental health teams
Authors: Durand Francois , Fleury Marie-Josée 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The successful combination of interprofessional collaboration in multidisciplinary teams with patient-centered care is necessary when it comes to delivering complex mental health services. Yet collaboration is challenging and patient-centered care is intricate to manage. This study examines correlates of patient-centered care such as team adaptivity and proactivity, collaboration, belief in interprofessional collaboration and informational role self-efficacy in multidisciplinary mental health teams.Method: A cross-sectional multilevel survey design was used, based on self-administered bilingual validated questionnaires. Participants (N=314) were mental health professionals and managers working in public primary care or specialized mental health services, in inpatient or outpatient settings. Results: This study showed that belief in interprofessional collaboration’s relationship with patient-centered perceptions is increased in teams with high collaboration. Collaboration is also found as a mediator, representing a process by which team adaptive and proactive behaviors are transformed into positive patient-centered perceptions.Conclusions: Our results were in line with recent studies on team processes establishing that collaboration is a key component in multilevel examinations of predictors of patient-centered care. In terms of practice, our study showed that multidisciplinary teams should know that working hard on collaboration is an answer to the complexity of patient-centered care. Collaboration is related to the teams’ ability to respond to its challenges. It is also related to individuals’ beliefs central to the delivery of interprofessional care.
Model-based reproduction and validation of the total spectrum of solar flare and their impact on the global environment at the X9.3 event of September 6, 2017
Authors: Watanabe Kyoko , Jin Hidekatsu , Nishimoto Shohei , Imada Shinsuke , Kawai Toshiki , Kawate Tomoko , Otsuka Yuichi , Shinbori Atsuki , Tsugawa Takuya , Nishioka Michi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We attempted to reproduce the total electron content (TEC) variation in the Earth's atmosphere from the temporal variation of the solar flare spectrum of the X9.3 flare on September 6, 2017. The flare spectrum from the Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM), and the flare spectrum from the 1D hydrodynamic model, which considers the physics of plasma in the flare loop, are used in the GAIA model, which is a simulation model of the Earth's whole atmosphere and ionosphere, to calculate the TEC difference. We then compared these results with the observed TEC. When we used the FISM flare spectrum, the difference in TEC from the background was in a good agreement with the observation. However, when the flare spectrum of the 1D-hydrodynamic model was used, the result varied depending on the presence or absence of the background. This difference depending on the models is considered to represent which extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is primarily responsible for increasing TEC. From the flare spectrum obtained from these models and the calculation result of TEC fluctuation using GAIA, it is considered that the enhancement in EUV emission by approximately 15–35 nm mainly contributes in increasing TEC rather than that of X-ray emission, which is thought to be mainly responsible for sudden ionospheric disturbance. In addition, from the altitude/wavelength distribution of the ionization rate of Earth's atmosphere by GAIA (Ground-to-topside atmosphere and ionosphere model for aeronomy), it was found that EUV radiation of approximately 15–35 nm affects a wide altitude range of 120–300 km, and TEC enhancement is mainly caused by the ionization of nitrogen molecules. (265 words)
Sexual function, mental health, and quality of life under strain of COVID-19 pandemic in Iranian pregnant and lactating women: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Mirzaei Negin , Sadatmahalleh Shahideh Jahanian , Khomami Mahnaz Bahri , Moini Ashraf , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of pregnant and lactating women is unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on psychological health, sexual function, and quality of life (QoL) in Iranian pregnant and lactating women and compare the results with non-pregnant / non-lactating women.Method: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out on pregnant and lactating women, with non-pregnant / non-lactating women from May to Jun 2020. Patients were asked to complete three questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). One-way ANOVA was used to reveal the statistical differences between the three groups.Result: The mean age of patients was 20.81±5.92 years old. The mean (SD) score of HADS in pregnant, lactating and non-pregnant / non-lactating women were 12.11 (6.72), 11.98 (8.44) and 9.38 (6.2) respectively, and the results showed that the scores in pregnant, lactating women were higher than non-pregnant / non-lactating women (P<0.001). Also the mean (SD) score of QOL and FSFI was 68.29 (9.47), 74.18 (12.65), 79.03 (10.48) and 22.71 (8.16), 22.72 (8.16), 26.19 (3.93) in three groups and the scores in pregnant, lactating women were lower than non-pregnant / non-lactating women (P<0.001).Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic increases the risk of depression, anxiety, FSD, and lowers QoL in pregnant and lactating women, with the general population. This suggests the urgent need for psychological intervention in the maternal population during the epidemic.
Gut Microbiota: Effect of Pubertal Status
Authors: Yuan Xin , Chen Ruimin , Zhang Ying , Lin Xiangquan , Yang Xiaohong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The make-up of gut microbiota at different puberty stages has not been reported. This cross-sectional study analyzed the bio-diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. Result: The subjects (aged 5-15 years) were divided into non-pubertal (n=42, male%: 66.7%) or pubertal groups (n=47, male%:44.68); in both groups, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum. There was no difference of alpha- and beta-diversity among disparate puberty stages. Non-pubertal subjects had members of the order Clostridiales, family Clostridiaceae, genus Coprobacillus which were significantly more prevalent than puberty subjects. Also, the pubertal subjects had members of class Betaproteobacteria, order Burkholderiales which were significantly more prevalent than the non-pubertal subjects. Their relative abundance was independent of BMI-Z. In the pubertal subjects, the abundance of genus Adlercreutzia, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Clostridium and Parabacteroides was associated with the level of testosterone.Conclusions: This is the first report of the diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. The various species of gut microbiota changed gradually associated with puberty stages. Differences in gut microflora at different pubertal status may be related to androgen levels.
Dexamethasone blunts postspinal hypotension in geriatric patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a double blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Ashoor Tarek , Hussien Noha S. , Anis Sherif G. , Esmat Ibrahim M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Post-spinal anesthesia (PSA) hypotension in elderly patients is challenging. Correction of PSA hypotension by fluids either colloids or crystalloids or by vasoconstrictors pose the risk of volume overload or compromising cardiac conditions. Dexamethasone is used to treat conditions manifested by decrease of peripheral vascular resistance. The research team was the first to test the hypothesis of its role in preventing or decreasing the incidence of PSA hypotension.Methods: 110 patients, aged 60 years or more were recruited to receive a single preoperative dose of dexamethasone 8 mg IVI in 100 ml normal saline (D group) (55 patients) 2 hours preoperatively, and 55 patients were given placebo (C group) in a randomized, double-blind trial. Variations in blood pressure and heart rate in addition to the needs of ephedrine and/or atropine following spinal anesthesia (SA) were recorded. SA was achieved using subarachnoid injection of 3 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%.Results: Demographic data and the quality of sensory and motor block were comparable between groups. At 5th, 10th minutes post SA; systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were statistically significant higher in D group. At 20th minutes post SA; the obtained blood pressure readings and heart rate changes didn’t show any statistically significance between groups. The need for ephedrine and side effects were statistically significant lower in D group than C group. Conclusion: Post-spinal anesthesia hypotension, nausea, vomiting and shivering in elderly patients were less common after receiving a single preoperative dose of dexamethasone 8 mg IVI than control.
The costs of delivering emergency care at Regional Referral Hospitals in Uganda: A micro-costing study
Authors: Werner Kalin , Lin Tracy Kuo , Risko Nicholas , Osiro Martha , Kalanzi Joseph , Wallis Lee A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDUganda experiences a high morbidity and mortality burden due to conditions amenable to emergency care, yet few public hospitals have dedicated emergency units. As a result, little is known about the costs and effects of delivering lifesaving emergency care, hindering health systems planning, budgeting and prioritization exercises. To determine healthcare costs of emergency care services at public facilities in Uganda, we estimate the median cost of care for five sentinel conditions and 13 interventions.METHODSA direct, activity-based costing was carried out at five regional referral hospitals over a four-week period from September to October 2019. Hospital costs were determined using bottom-up micro-costing methodology from a provider perspective. Resource use was enumerated via observation and unit costs were derived from National Medical Stores lists. Cost per condition per patient and measures of central tendency for conditions and interventions were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis H-tests and Nemyeni post-hoc tests were conducted to determine significant differences between costs of the conditions.RESULTS872 patient cases were captured with an overall median cost of care of $15.17 USD ($14.08 to $18.85). The median cost per condition was highest for post-partum haemorrhage at $16.87 ($14.66 to $20.99), followed by road traffic injuries at $15.59 ($14.15 to $19.93), asthma at $15.53 ($14.39 to $18.87), pneumonia at $15.18 ($14.28 to $19.72), and paediatric diarrhoea at $14.25 ($13.38 to $15.20). The median cost per intervention was highest for fracture reduction and splinting at $27.41 ($21.63 to $31.14). Cost values differ between sentinel conditions (p <0.05) with treatments for paediatric diarrhoea having the lowest median cost of all conditions (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONThis study is the first to describe the direct costs of emergency care in hospitals in Uganda by observing the delivery of clinical services, using robust activity-based costing and time motion methodology. We find that emergency care interventions for key drivers of morbidity and mortality can be delivered at considerably lower costs than many priority health interventions. Further research assessing acute care delivery would be useful in planning wider health care delivery systems development.
GABAergic neuron-specific whole-brain transduction by AAV-PHP.B incorporated with a new GAD65 promoter
Authors: Hoshino Chiaki , Konno Ayumu , Hosoi Nobutake , Kaneko Ryosuke , Mukai Ryo , Nakai Junichi , Hirai Hirokazu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
GABAergic interneurons play a critical role in tuning neural networks in the central nervous system, and their defects are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Currently, the mDlx enhancer is solely used for adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated transgene delivery into cortical interneurons. Here, we developed a new inhibitory neuron-specific promoter (designated as the mGAD65 promoter), with a length of 2.5 kb, from a mouse genome upstream of exon 1 of the Gad2 gene encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65. Intravenous infusion of blood-brain barrier-penetrating AAV-PHP.B expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the mGAD65 promoter transduced the whole brain in an inhibitory neuron-specific manner. The specificity and efficiency of the mGAD65 promoter for GABAergic interneurons, which was assessed at the motor cortex, were almost identical to or slightly higher than those of the mDlx enhancer. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the mGAD65 promoter preferentially transduced parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons. Notably, the mGAD65 promoter transduced chandelier cells more efficiently than the mDlx enhancer and robustly labeled their synaptic boutons, called the cartridge, targeting the axon initial segments of excitatory pyramidal neurons. To test the ability of the mGAD65 promoter to express a functional molecule, we virally expressed G-CaMP, a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, in the motor cortex, and this enabled us to monitor spontaneous and drug-induced Ca2+ activity in GABAergic inhibitory neurons. These results suggest that the mGAD65 promoter is useful for AAV-mediated targeting and manipulation of GABAergic neurons with the dominance of cortical PV-expressing neurons, including chandelier cells.
Epidemiology and association rules analysis for pulmonary tuberculosis cases with extrapulmonary tuberculosis from age and gender perspective: a large-scale multi-center observational study in China
Authors: Kang Wanli , Du Jian , Chang Yunqing , Chen Hongyan , Liu Jianxiong , Ma Jinshan , Li Mingwu , Qin Jingmin , Shu Wei , Zong Peilan , Yan Xiaofeng , Zhang Yi , Dong Yongkang , Yang Zhiyi , Mei Zaoxian , Deng Qunyi , Wang Pu , Han Wenge , Wu Meiying , Chen Ling , Zhao Xinguo , Tan Lei , Li Fujian , Zheng Chao , Liu Hongwei , Li Xinjie , A Ertai , Du Yingrong , Liu Fenglin , Yang Song , Cui Wenyu , Wang Quanhong , Chen Xiaohong , Han Junfeng , Xie Qingyao , Feng Yanmei , Liu Wenyu , Tang Peijun , Zhang Jianyong , Zheng Jian , Chen Dawei , Yao Xiangyang , Ren Tong , Li Yang , Li Yuanyuan , Wu Lei , Song Qiang , Yang Mei , Zhang Jian , Liu Yuanyuan , Guo Shuliang , Yan Kun , Shen Xinghua , Lei Dan , Zhang Yanli , Li Liang , Tang Shenjie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB), a multi-systemic disease with protean presentation, remains a major global health problem. Although concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases are commonly observed clinically, knowledge regarding concurrent PTB-EPTB is limited. Here a large-scale multi- center observational study conducted in China aimed to study epidemiology of concurrent PTB-EPTB cases by diagnostically defining TB types then implementing association rules analysis.Methods This study was conducted at 21 hospitals in 15 provinces in China and included all inpatients with confirmed TB diagnoses admitted from Jan 2011 to Dec 2017. Association rules analysis was conducted for cases with concurrent PTB and various types of EPTB using the Apriori algorithm. Results Evaluation of 438,979 TB inpatients indicated PTB was the most commonly diagnosed (82.05%) followed by tuberculous pleurisy (23.62%). Concurrent PTB- EPTB was found in 129,422 cases (29.48%) of which tuberculous pleurisy was the most common concurrent EPTB type observed. Fully adjusted multivariable logistic regression models demonstrated that odds ratios of concurrent PTB-EPTB cases varied by gender and age group. For PTB cases with concurrent EPTB, the strongest association was found between PTB and concurrent bronchial tuberculosis (lift=1.09). For EPTB cases with concurrent PTB, the strongest association was found between pharyngeal/laryngeal tuberculosis and concurrent PTB (lift=1.11).Confidence and lift values of concurrent PTB-EPTB cases varied with gender and age.Conclusions Numerous concurrent PTB-EPTB case types were observed, with confidence and lift values varying with gender and age. Clinicians should screen for concurrent PTB- EPTB in order to improve treatment outcomes.
Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Chemotherapy for Extensive-stage Small-cell Lung Cancer Patients on Improving Oncologic Survival: Study Protocol of a Multicenter, Randomized, Single-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Yuyi , Yu Mingwei , Liu Zishen , Zhang Yi , Li Qiwei , Yang GuoWang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is characterized by extensive metastases, aggressive progression and poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is applied as a preferred first-line regimen for ES-SCLC, but inadequate for improving its overall survival. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in the clinical practice of ES-SCLC for its synergy with chemotherapy. However, there is still no substantial evidence to prove that TCM can effectively improve the long-term efficacy of ES-SCLC patients. The study intends to determine whether the TCM with chemotherapy can improve the overall survival (OS) in treating with ES-SCLC when compared with chemotherapy alone. Method/design: A multicenter, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial will be conducted to determine whether the TCM granules combined with chemotherapy can improve the OS of ES-SCLC. 270 participants will randomly receive 4-6 cycles (21days per cycle) of chemotherapy plus TCM granules or placebo. The primary outcome measures is OS. The secondary outcome measures includes progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), quality of life (QoL) and tumor markers. Visits will be performed at the end of each cycle during the treatment period and then every 3 months in the follow-up period until the patients’ death or study completion.Discussion: The study’s result will provide a high-level evidence for TCM granules using with chemotherapy on the first-line treatment of ES-SCLC. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, No. ChiCTR1900022991, registered 6 May 2019 (prospective registration).
LiCl induces apoptosis via CHOP/NOXA/Mcl-1 axis in human choroidal melanoma cells
Authors: Zhang Qiuqiu , Zhang Qianwei , Li Huiyuan , Zhao Xiaofei , Zhang Han 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy that occurs in adults. Lithium Chloride Promotes Apoptosis in Human Leukemia NB4 Cells by Inhibiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta. In this study, we aimed to understand whether LiCl exerts anticancer effects on choroidal melanoma cells and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Human choroidal melanoma cells were treated with LiCl, and cell survival was assessed with MTT assays. Cell reproductive viability was measured by plate colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry, and proteins were detected using western blotting. A human choroidal melanoma xenograft model was established to demonstrate the effect of LiCl on human choroidal melanoma in vivo. Results: We found that LiCl inhibited cell survival and clonogenic potential and induced apoptosis in human choroidal melanoma cells. LiCl also reduced the proliferation of choroidal melanoma cells in vivo. Moreover, the upregulation of NOXA and downregulation of Mcl-1 were responsible for LiCl-induced apoptosis. Mcl-1 overexpression obviously impaired LiCl-induced apoptosis and cleavage of caspase8, caspase9, caspase3 and PARP. Moreover, the protein expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, including IRE1α, Bip, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP, was upregulated following treatment with LiCl. When CHOP expression was knocked down and cells were treated with LiCl, the protein level of NOXA was partially increased, and Mcl-1 expression was increased, while the cleavage of caspase8, caspase9, caspase3 and PARP that was induced by the LiCl was reduced compared with the vehicle treated group. Prolonged ER stress results in the activation of the apoptotic pathway.Conclusions: In summary, LiCl induced an endoplasmic reticulum stress response while activating intrinsic apoptosis. Furthermore, the CHOP/NOXA/Mcl-1 axis contributed to LiCl-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. The present study provides important mechanistic insight into potential cancer treatments involving LiCl and enhances the understanding of human choroidal melanoma.