bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hard tissue dimensional changes following implant removal due to peri‐implantitis: A retrospective study
Authors: Pons Ramón , Carreño Miguel , Amerio Ettore , Gargallo‐Albiol Jordi , Nart José , Monje Alberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current evidence regarding the alterations experienced by the alveolar ridge (hard tissue changes) after implant removal due to peri‐implantitis is limited.PurposeTo assess the hard tissue dimensional changes following implant removal due to peri‐implantitis.Material and methodsClinical records were examined to identify patients with implants that had to be removed due to a hopeless prognosis secondary to peri‐implantitis due to expendability of peri‐implantitis implants for functional reasons. Patients with preoperative and postoperative cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were included. Patient‐related, implant‐related, and surgery‐related factors were assessed based on the clinical records. Linear measurements were made to evaluate the influence of bone plate thickness (BPT), ridge width (RW), and ridge height (RH) at various levels upon the outcome of implant removal. A descriptive statistical analysis of the quantitative and qualitative variables was performed. Correlations of the variables with the primary outcome (dimensional changes) were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses (multinomial random intercept mixed model linear regressions).ResultsA total of 26 patients (nimplants = 79) met the eligibility criteria. The mean decrease in RW at 1 and 3 mm below the crest was 11.3% and 4.4%, respectively (P < 0.001). Buccal and lingual RH was significantly reduced by 2.2% and 6.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). Few patient‐related, implant‐related, and surgery‐related factors appeared to have an impact upon the hard tissue dimensional changes. Bone regeneration simultaneous to implant removal minimized the dimensional changes of the ridge both vertically (5% lesser buccal RH reduction) and horizontally (12% lesser RW reduction) when compared with spontaneous healing. The use of a reverse‐torque removal kit seemed to be critical in limiting the dimensional changes of the ridge.ConclusionsMinimal hard tissue changes can be expected following implant removal due to peri‐implantitis. Simultaneous bone regeneration procedures and the use of a removal kit may considerably reduce the impact upon the dimensional changes (NCT04534361).
To assess the multiperiod market risk with deep learning method taking the boosting additive quantile regression as an example
Authors: Guan Min 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCompared with current risks, future risks are more important for investment decisions and risk management. This paper modifies the Square Root of Time Rule with the boosting additive quantile regression model to forecast multi‐period horizon market risk. In J. P. Morgan's RiskMetrics Model, the k‐period horizon value at risk (VaR) equals to . Since its assumptions are too strict, expected capacity of Risk Metrics is not so well. Taylor relaxed assumptions of this model, used the GARCH model to replace the IGARCH model, and obtained multi‐period horizon VaR, which is a nonlinear function of the one‐step‐ahead volatility forecast .The conditional mean μt is zero in Taylor's model, but Tsay pointed out that this assumption (μt = 0) does not always hold. Therefore, we relax this assumption about the conditional mean, and obtain the VaR which is mixed function consisting of two parts, one is a linear function of conditional mean, and the other is a nonlinear function of , given the holding horizon k. For our mixed VaR function, we chose a more appropriate method, the boosting additive quantile regression model, to forecast multi‐period horizon VaR. Taking log‐returns of the Hang Seng Index from January 1, 2007 to November 1, 2016 as the sample, weforecast the 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, and 20‐day horizon VaRs, and compare the prediction accuracy of Morgan's model withour quantile regression model through likelihood ratio tests. Results show that VaR based on the quantile regression model is not only more accurate, but also sensitive to volatility, and is conducive to maintaining a reasonable risk reserve level for financial institutions, enabling them to pay less for regulation andachieve incentive compatibility.
Quality of life and depression in COPD patients in the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Pedrozo‐Pupo John Carlos , Campo‐Arias Adalberto , Ceballos‐Ospino Guillermo Augusto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the association between quality of life and depression among COPD patients of the Colombian Caribbean.MethodA cross‐sectional study was carried out with the participation of adult COPD patients. COPD‐related quality of life was quantified with the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and depression using the Zung 10‐item Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS‐10). The relationship between COPD‐related quality of life and depression with odds ratios (OR), crude and adjusted, was determined.Results408 patients participated in the study. They were aged between 40 and 102 years (mean = 72.9, SD = 10.2) and 58.8% men. Two hundred eighty‐four patients (69.6%) reported worse health status (CAT ≥10), and 114 patients (27.9%) scored for depression (SDS‐10). Patients with worse health status presented more depression (OR = 5.85, 95% CI 3.01–11.36) and after adjusting for gender (OR = 5.70, 95% CI 2.92–11.13).ConclusionsIn patients with COPD and CAT ≥10, there is a five times greater risk of depression than patients with CAT <10. However, the relationship may be bidirectional. It is essential to specify the direction of causality in future investigations.
Hyperammonemia syndrome associated with Ureaplasma spp. Infections in immunocompromised patients and transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tantengco Ourlad Alzeus G. , De Jesus Federico Cristobal C. , Gampoy Eloina Faye S. , Ornos Eric David B. , Vidal Manuel S. , Abad Cybele Lara R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyperammonemia syndrome (HS) is reported to occur in patients with Ureaplasma spp. infections. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies reporting HS in patients with Ureaplasma spp. infection.MethodsWe searched several databases (CINAHL, OVID, ProQuest, and Scopus) from inception to January 2021. We described case reports and series, and performed a meta‐analysis for all cohort studies. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for the association between HS and Ureaplasma spp. infections was derived using a random‐effects model.ResultsThe systematic review yielded 18 studies. HS was reported in 53 patients with Ureaplasma spp. infections. The most common clinical manifestations were neurologic. Meta‐analysis showed a higher incidence of HS (41.67%) and peak ammonia concentration among Ureaplasma spp.–infected lung transplant recipients compared with Ureaplasma spp.–negative recipients (2.84%). The risk of HS was significantly increased in Ureaplasma spp.–infected recipients compared with Ureaplasma spp.–negative recipients (RR: 14.64; CI: 2.85–75.24). Mortality from Ureaplasma‐associated HS was 27.27% compared with 5.24% in those with HS from other causes.ConclusionsThe risk of developing HS is higher among Ureaplasma‐infected patients compared with uninfected patients. Lung transplant recipients appear to be disproportionally affected, and HS should be suspected in those who present with neurologic symptoms.
Community re‐assembly and divergence of woody plant traits in an island–mainland system after more than 50 years of regeneration
Authors: Zhong Lei , Didham Raphael K. , Liu Jinliang , Jin Yi , Yu Mingjian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimUnderstanding long‐term community assembly trajectories following habitat fragmentation remains a major challenge. Varying time since disturbance and heterogeneous initial starting conditions confound real‐world comparisons of re‐assembly trajectories in fragmented versus intact systems. Here, we overcome these issues in a novel manner using a system of islands and adjacent mainland habitats with common initial starting conditions following clear‐felling of forests during hydroelectric dam construction in 1959. Fifty years after resetting ‘future‐islands’ and ‘future‐mainland sites’ to common initial starting conditions, we determine the outcome of re‐assembly trajectories in plant taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional trait composition, and how these have diverged between islands versus continuous mainland habitats.LocationThousand Island Lake, China.MethodsWe surveyed woody plant communities on 26 islands and 26 adjacent mainland plots, and characterized 12 functional traits for 91 woody plant species (>46,000 total stems with DBH ≥1 cm). We used variance partitioning analysis to discriminate major environmental and spatial drivers of compositional differences, and generalised linear models to test trait and phylogenetic responses to underlying environmental gradients in island versus mainland plots.ResultsWe found striking differences in species composition between island and mainland plots. Variance partitioning showed that species composition on islands was governed by local environmental variables, suggesting an important role for environmental filtering, while compositional variation across mainland plots was determined by spatial variables. Ten of 12 functional traits showed significant divergence in community‐weighted mean values between island and mainland plots. Moreover, most traits exhibited significant interaction effects between isolation (island versus mainland) and underlying environmental gradients in soil fertility and stress tolerance.Main conclusionThese findings strongly suggest divergence in trait–environment relationships following isolation in fragmented habitats, with important implications for understanding future re‐assembly trajectories in fragmented systems that now dominate the planet.
Epidemiological, clinical, and genetic characteristics of paediatric genetic white matter disorders in Northern Finland
Authors: Knuutinen Oula A , Oikarainen Jaakko H , Suo‐Palosaari Maria H , Kangas Salla M , Rahikkala Elisa J , Pokka Tytti M‐L , Moilanen Jukka S , Hinttala Reetta M L , Vieira Päivi M , Uusimaa Johanna M 
Published: May 2021

AimTo examine the epidemiological, clinical, and genetic characteristics of paediatric patients with genetic white matter disorders (GWMDs) in Northern Finland.MethodA longitudinal population‐based cohort study was conducted in the tertiary catchment area of Oulu University Hospital from 1990 to 2019. Patients were identified retrospectively by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes in hospital records and prospectively by attending physicians. Inclusion criteria were children younger than 18 years with defined GWMDs or genetic disorders associated with white matter abnormalities (WMAs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsEighty patients (mean age [SD] at the end of the study 11y [8y 6mo], range 0–35y; 45 males, 35 females) were diagnosed with a defined GWMD. The cumulative childhood incidence was 30 per 100 000 live births. Regarding those patients with 49 distinct GWMDs, 20% had classic leukodystrophies and 80% had genetic leukoencephalopathies. The most common leukodystrophies were cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, and Salla disease. Additionally, 29 patients (36%) had genetic aetiologies not previously associated with brain WMAs or they had recently characterised GWMDs, including SAMD9L‐ and NHLRC2‐related neurological disorders. Aetiology was mitochondrial in 21% of patients. The most common clinical findings were motor developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and spasticity.InterpretationThe cumulative childhood incidence of childhood‐onset GWMDs was higher than previously described. Comprehensive epidemiological and natural history data are needed before future clinical trials are undertaken.
What this paper adds

Forty‐nine distinct genetic white matter disorders (GWMDs) were identified, with 20% of cases being classic leukodystrophies.

The cumulative childhood incidence of GWMDs was higher than described previously.

A considerable proportion (36%) of GWMDs were previously undefined or recently characterised GWMDs.

Mitochondrial aetiology was more common (21%) than previously reported.
Clinical prediction of genotypes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review
Authors: Aziz Amir , Musiol Szymon K. , Moody William E. , Pickup Luke , Cooper Rob , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac condition and the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients below the age of 35. Genetic testing is a vital part of HCM diagnostics, yet correlation with clinical phenotypes remains complex. Identifying clinical predictors of informative genetic testing may prevent unnecessary investigations and improve cost‐effectiveness of services. This article reviews the current literature pertinent to identifying such predictors.MethodsFive literature databases were screened using a suitably designed search strategy. Studies investigating the correlation between having a positive genetic test for HCM and a range of clinical and radiological parameters were included in the systematic review.ResultsTwenty‐nine observational studies of a total of 9,486 patients were included. The main predictors of informative genetic testing were younger age, higher septal thickness, reverse septal curvature, family history of HCM and SCD and the absence of hypertension. Two externally validated scoring systems have also been developed: the Mayo and Toronto scores. Novel imaging markers and complex algorithmic models are emerging predictors.ConclusionUsing clinical predictors to decide whom to test is a feasible alternative to investigating all comers. Nonetheless, currently there is not enough evidence to unequivocally recommend for or against this strategy. Further validation of current predictors and identification of new ones remain open research avenues.
Uncrossed corticospinal tract in health and genetic disorders: Review, case report, and clinical implications
Authors: Filippopulos Filipp M. , Brem Christian , Seelos Klaus , Köglsperger Thomas , Sonnenfeld Stefan , Kellert Lars , Vollmar Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeCrossing pathologies of the corticospinal tract (CST) are rare and often associated with genetic disorders. However, they can be present in healthy humans and lead to ipsilateral motor deficits when a lesion to motor areas occurs. Here, we review historical and current literature of CST crossing pathologies and present a rare case of asymmetric crossing of the CST.MethodsDescription of the case and systematic review of the literature were based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines. The PubMed database was searched for peer‐reviewed articles in English since 1950. All articles on ipsilateral stroke, uncrossed CST, and associated neurologic disorders were screened. Furthermore, a literature review between the years 1850 and 1980 including articles in other languages, books, opinions, and case studies was conducted.ResultsOnly a few descriptions of CST crossing pathologies exist in healthy humans, whereas they seem to be more common in genetic disorders such as horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis or congenital mirror movements. Our patient presented with aphasia and left‐sided hemiparesis. Computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a perfusion deficit in the left middle cerebral artery territory, which was confirmed by diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), so that thrombolysis was administered. Diffusion tensor imaging with fibre tracking revealed an asymmetric CST crossing.ConclusionsThe knowledge of CST crossing pathologies is essential if a motor deficit occurs ipsilateral to the lesion side. An ipsilateral deficit should not lead to exclusion or delay of therapeutic options in patients with suspected stroke. Here, a combined evaluation of CT perfusion imaging and MRI diffusion imaging may be of advantage.
Empty promises: The European Union is failing to protect dolphins and porpoises from fisheries by‐catch
Authors: Rogan Emer , Read Andrew J , Berggren Per 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBy‐catch is the primary global conservation threat to populations of dolphins and porpoises. Despite protection for these protected species under its Habitats Directive, the European Union (EU) has failed to adequately assess and, where necessary, mitigate the by‐catch of small cetaceans. Management authority is diffuse, and the EU has no over‐arching, quantitative conservation objectives. To address this, we recommend that the EU adopt a comprehensive plan to conserve dolphins and porpoises in European waters. This plan should include regular formal assessments of small cetacean populations, including establishment of quantitative management objectives, generation of estimates of abundance and by‐catch mortality, and agreement on biological reference points that will guide management actions to ensure that by‐catch does not exceed sustainable levels.
Efficiency of basalt fiber length and content on mechanical and microstructural properties of hybrid fiber concrete
Authors: Khan Mehran , Cao Mingli , Xie Chaopeng , Ali Majid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, multiscale hybrid fiber‐reinforced concrete is used instead of single fiber‐reinforced concrete to achieve better performance with hybrid fiber at their respective scale size. In this study, the fracture properties of multiscale hybrid fiber‐reinforced concrete are considered. This work aims to evaluate the effect of different basalt fiber (BF) lengths and contents on fracture parameters of fly ash–CaCO3 whisker–steel fiber‐reinforced concrete (FCSF). The measured fracture parameters are initial fracture toughness
, unstable fracture toughness (
), fracture energy (GF) by various methods, and gain ratio (GR) of fracture parameters. Furthermore, the cracking mechanism and microstructural study are discussed. The different considerable amount of enhancement was indicated by FCSF‐BF for fracture characteristics as compared to that of plain concrete (PC).
The association between use of chemsex drugs and HIV clinic attendance among gay and bisexual men living with HIV in London
Authors: Howarth AR , Apea V , Michie S , Morris S , Sachikonye M , Mercer CH , Evans A , Delpech VC , Sabin C , Burns FM 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between chemsex drug use and HIV clinic attendance among gay and bisexual men in London.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of adults (> 18 years) diagnosed with HIV for > 4 months, attending seven London HIV clinics (May 2014 to August 2015).Participants self‐completed an anonymous questionnaire linked to clinical data. Sub‐optimal clinic attenders had missed one or more HIV clinic appointments in the past year, or had a history of non‐attendance for > 1 year.ResultsOver half (56%) of the 570 men who identified as gay or bisexual reported taking recreational drugs in the past 5 years and 71.5% of these men had used chemsex drugs in the past year. Among men reporting chemsex drug use (past year), 32.1% had injected any drugs in the past year. Sub‐optimal clinic attenders were more likely than regular attenders to report chemsex drug use (past year; 46.9% vs. 33.2%, P = 0.001), injecting any drugs (past year; 17.1% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.011) and recreational drug use (past 5 years; 65.5% vs. 48.8%, P < 0.001). One in five sub‐optimal attenders had missed an HIV clinic appointment because of taking recreational drugs (17.4% vs. 1.8%, P < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression, chemsex drug use was significantly associated with sub‐optimal clinic attendance (adjusted odds ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.65, P = 0.02).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of systematic assessment of drug use and development of tools to aid routine assessment. We suggest that chemsex drug use should be addressed when developing interventions to improve engagement in HIV care among gay and bisexual men.
Arterial structure and function in Africans with HIV for > 5 years: longitudinal relationship with endothelial activation and cardiovascular risk markers
Authors: Phalane E , Fourie CMT , Schutte AE , Kruger IM , Mels CMC 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine whether people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWHIV) have increased measures of arterial injury [carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT)] and large artery stiffness [carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV)] when compared with their counterparts without HIV, and whether baseline markers of endothelial activation and cardiovascular risk are associated with cIMT and cfPWV after 5 years.MethodsWe matched 126 PWHIV from North West Province, South Africa, to 126 without HIV according to age, sex and locality. Cardiovascular risk and endothelial function markers [soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM‐1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM‐1)] were measured at baseline and cIMT and cfPWV at follow‐up.ResultsThis study included 21.4% men. The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) increased from 44.1% at baseline to 81.4% at follow‐up. At follow‐up, cIMT (P = 0.90) and cfPWV (P = 0.35) were similar in the groups. Despite elevated ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 in the PWHIV (all P < 0.001) at baseline, these markers did not associate with cIMT and cfPWV after 5 years. In multivariable‐adjusted regression analysis, cIMT associated positively with age (β = 0.31, P = 0.002) and triglyceride: high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (β = 0.23, P = 0.016) in PWHIV. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) (β = 0.28, P = 0.010) associated positively with cfPWV in the PWHIV. In the people without HIV, sex (β = 0.31, P = 0.004) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (β = 0.24, P = 0.026) associated with cIMT while age (β = 0.17, P = 0.049), sex (β = 0.29, P = 0.003), MAP (β = 0.31, P = 0.001) and HbA1c (β = 0.21, P = 0.041) associated positively with cfPWV.ConclusionsMeasures of arterial structure and function were similar in Africans with HIV and their age, sex and locality matched controls. Traditional cardiovascular risk markers rather than elevated endothelial activation at baseline were independently associated with cIMT and cfPWV over 5 years.
Reconstructing the peak flow of historical flood events using a hydraulic model: The city of Bath, United Kingdom
Authors: Stamataki Ioanna , Kjeldsen Thomas Rodding 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHistorical flood events on the River Avon in the city of Bath were reconstructed using a 1D hydraulic model. The model represents the river prior to the completion of the Bath flood defence scheme and was developed based on archived data on archival materials including historical cross sections of channel geometry, technical drawings of hydraulic structures, descriptions of floodplain extent, epigraphic markings and photographs. The model was calibrated on two historical floods for which peak flow values were available from hydrological data (March 1947 and December 1960) and the calibration was based on adjustment of Manning's n as well as the introduction of floodplains identified from historical maps and photos. Subsequently, the peak flow was assessed for a total of 16 events for which flood marks existed in the centre of the city. A composite annual maximum series of peak flow was created upstream of Bath city centre and presented a flow series consisting of data from 1866 to present day. Finally, flood frequency analysis was undertaken on the dataset, showing that the inclusion of historical floods increased the 1 in 100 year design flood by up to 30%, that is, a substantial influence.