bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface mines show little progress towards native species forest restoration following 35 years of passive management after initial reclamation
Authors: Ruggles Thomas A. , Gerrath John A. , Ruhm Catherine T. , Jefferson Anne J. , Davis Chris A. , Blackwood Christopher B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRestoration techniques using passive management rely on natural plant community succession after reclamation to return disturbed areas to native ecosystems. This approach is often used in areas affected by mining activity, but effectiveness is variable and depends on the ability of native plants to establish in highly degraded soil and outcompete invasive species. We evaluated the restoration progress of three former surface mines where activity had exposed alkaline glacial till parent material. The mines underwent reclamation (grading, soil compaction, and planting fast‐growing herbaceous species) followed by passive management for 7, 28, and 35 years. At the time of initial restoration planning in the 1980s, native woody species were expected to recolonize the site within 10–20 years. Treating the sites as a chronosequence, we observed that woody vegetation increased inconsistently over this 35‐year timespan. Most of the woody plants present today are invasive species (Elaeagnus umbellata and Rhamnus frangula) that are counterproductive to reestablishment of native forest. However, results were not entirely negative, with increased overall native species and decreased exotic species in the older sites, and plant community composition changing somewhat consistently over time. This suggests that succession has been slowed rather than completely arrested, and native herbaceous plants are establishing. The progression of restoration appears to be far slower than expectations during initial planning. Furthermore, native woody plants struggle to establish, whereas invasive woody plants are thriving, raising doubts that passively managed succession can lead to the desired outcome of a native species forest in this significantly degraded habitat.
Geotextile covering: Potential technique for farmland salinization control
Authors: Xu Zunqiu , Mao Xiaomin , Adeloye Adebayo J. , Hu Kejia , Zhu Ying , Ma Xiaowen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigated fabric coverings, exploring their ability to remove salt from saline soils. Soil columns filled with saline soil were saturated with saltwater, then covered with four kinds of fabric materials (nylon, cotton, geotextile [150 g m−2], and gauze). The soil columns were heated under infrared lights for 25 days. The microstructural characteristics of the fabric materials before and after the experiments, as well as the crystallization conditions on the soil surface, were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results demonstrated that both hydrophilicity and structure of fabrics affect salt removal efficiency. Although salt quantity removed by geotextile (111.54 g m−2) was less than gauze (293.89 g m−2), geotextile showed greater potential on salt removal considering long‐term evaporation. To further investigate the performance of geotextile material on salt removal, the experiment was repeated with commercially available geotextiles with areal densities of 200, 300, 400, and 500 g m−2. The 500 g m−2 geotextile could remove 368.15 g m−2 of salt, much more than salt removed with geotextiles of density 150, 200, 300, and 400 g m−2 (111.54, 61.57, 102.05, and 102.34 g m−2, respectively), which further proved that fabric structure had great influence on salt removal. These results demonstrated that geotextile covering with optimized fabric structure could be a promising and environmentally friendly technique for farmland salinization control.
Whole exome sequencing reveals a biallelic frameshift mutation in GRXCR2 in hearing impairment in Cameroon
Authors: Wonkam Ambroise , Lebeko Kamogelo , Mowla Shaheen , Noubiap Jean Jacques , Chong Mike , Pare Guillaume 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHearing impairment (HI) genes are poorly studied in African populations.MethodsWe used whole exome sequencing (WES) to investigate pathogenic and likely pathogenic (PLP) variants in 10 individuals with HI, from four multiplex families from Cameroon, two of which were previously unresolved with a targeted gene enrichment (TGE) panel of 116 genes. In silico protein modelling, western blotting and live imaging of transfected HEK293 cells were performed to study protein structure and functions.ResultsAll PLP variants previously identified with TGE were replicated. In one previously unresolved family, we found a homozygous frameshift PLP variant in GRXCR2 (OMIM: 615762), NM_001080516.1(GRXCR2):c.251delC p.(Ile85SerfsTer33), in two affected siblings; and additionally, in 1/80 unrelated individuals affected with non‐syndromic hearing impairment (NSHI). The GRXCR2‐c.251delC variant introduced a premature stop codon, leading to truncation and loss of a zinc‐finger domain. Fluorescence confocal microscopy tracked the wild‐type GRXCR2 protein to the cellular membrane, unlike the mutated GRXCR2 protein.ConclusionThis study confirms GRXCR2 as a HI‐associated gene. GRXCR2 should be included to the currently available TGE panels for HI diagnosis.
Long‐term follow‐up of children with in utero exposure to sulfonylurea medications
Authors: Rodenstein Marissa S. , Bianco Monica E. , Ramchal Maegan U. , Murias Michael , Silton Rebecca L. , Josefson Jami L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOffspring born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to have negative neurodevelopmental health outcomes, early obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Standard of care management for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is insulin, but oral sulfonylurea use is increasing, and these medications cross the placenta. Literature on treatment with sulfonylureas for maternal GDM has focused on maternal glycemic control and neonatal outcomes. Studies that have evaluated the long‐term outcomes of children exposed to sulfonylureas in utero are limited.ObjectiveThis study evaluated anthropometric and neurodevelopmental outcomes of 55 children (ages 5–10) born to mothers with diabetes during pregnancy treated with sulfonylurea or insulin.Methods and ResultsA group of 25 sulfonylurea‐exposed and 30 insulin‐exposed participants were age‐ and sex‐matched between groups. No significant differences were identified in z‐scores for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, skinfold measurements, and body fat or rates of overweight/obese BMI between groups. On performance‐based cognitive assessment, the sulfonylurea‐exposed group had significantly lower scores on inhibition (p = 0.043).ConclusionIn summary, children with in utero sulfonylurea exposure had similar physical measurements compared to children with insulin exposure and lower performance on a measure of executive function (inhibition), which is associated with adverse health outcomes.
Prediction of post‐vaccination Guillain‐Barré syndrome using data from a passive surveillance system
Authors: Luo Chongliang , Jiang Ying , Du Jingcheng , Tong Jiayi , Huang Jing , Lo Re Vincent , Ellenberg Susan S. , Poland Gregory A. , Tao Cui , Chen Yong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeSevere adverse events (AEs), such as Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) occur rarely after influenza vaccination. We identify highly associated AEs with GBS and develop prediction models for GBS using the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) reports following trivalent influenza vaccination (FLU3).MethodsThis study analyzed 80 059 reports from the US VAERS between 1990 and 2017. Several AEs were identified as highly associated with GBS and were used to develop the prediction model. Some common and mild AEs that were suspected to be underreported when GBS occurred simultaneously were removed from the final model. The analyses were validated using European influenza vaccine AEs data from EudraVigilance.ResultsOf the 80 059 reports, 1185 (1.5%) were annotated as GBS related. Twenty‐four AEs were identified as having strong association with GBS. The full prediction model, using age, sex, and all 24 AEs achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 85.4% (90% CI: [83.8%, 86.9%]). After excluding the nine (e.g., pruritus, rash, injection site pain) likely underreported AEs, the final AUC became 77.5% (90% CI: [75.5%, 79.6%]). Two hundred and one (0.25%) reports were predicted as of high risk of GBS (predicted probability >25%) and 84 actually developed GBS.ConclusionThe prediction performance demonstrated the potential of developing risk‐prediction models utilizing the VAERS cohort. Excluding the likely underreported AEs sacrificed some prediction power but made the model more interpretable and feasible. The high absolute risk of even a small number of AE combinations suggests the promise of GBS prediction within the VAERS dataset.
Investigating inpatient rehabilitation outcomes of patients with intensive care unit–acquired weakness, and identifying comorbidities associated with unfavorable outcomes
Authors: Rudra Renuka T. , Lin Dan , Miller Benjamin , Du Ping , Zhang Shangming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionData are consistent on the benefits of inpatient rehabilitation for intensive care unit–acquired weaknesses (ICUAW), including critical illness myopathy, critical illness polyneuropathy, critical illness polyneuromyopathy, and disuse atrophy. This study focuses on the effects of inpatient rehabilitation on patients with ICUAW, specifically those with a clinical pattern of proximal muscle weakness and sensory sparing.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of inpatient rehabilitation on patients with ICUAW versus other medically complex patients, and to identify comorbidities associated with poor rehabilitation outcomes.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingInstitutional, inpatient rehabilitation hospital.PatientsTwo hundred seventy adult patients (≥18 years) divided into two groups: diagnosis of ICUAW (N = 55) or otherwise medically complex (N = 215), and admitted under the care of one physiatrist.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresFor all patients we compared functional independence measure (FIM) gain, FIM efficiency, rehabilitation length of stay (RLOS), discharge disposition, and major medical comorbidities.ResultsPatients with ICUAW had significantly greater FIM gain (P = .015) and RLOS (P = .02). There was no significant difference in FIM efficiency (P = .15). Patients with ICUAW had a significantly lower odds of acute hospital transfer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.52, with 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47, 0.58) and skilled nursing facility discharge (OR = 0.19, with 95% CI 0.038, 0.95). However, patients with ICUAW did have a higher percent of acute hospital transfers than other medically complex patients (P = .017). In addition, patients with ICUAW were more medically complex, as evidenced by a significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (P < .001), prevalence of anemia (P < .001), atrial fibrillation (P = .009), obstructive sleep apnea (P = .018), and bacteremia (P = .041).ConclusionsPatients with ICUAW with a clinical pattern of proximal muscle weakness and sensory sparing benefit from inpatient rehabilitation as evidenced by FIM gain and high home discharge rate. However, they have multiple medical comorbidities, which require judicious medical management and may contribute to a longer RLOS.
A graph theory approach to predicting functional failure propagation during conceptual systems design
Authors: O'Halloran Bryan M. , Papakonstantinou Nikolaos , Giammarco Kristin , Van Bossuyt Douglas L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn open area of research for complex, cyber‐physical systems is how to adequately support decision making using reliability and failure data early in the systems engineering process. Having meaningful reliability and failure data available early offers information to decision makers at a point in the design process where decisions have a high impact to cost ratio. When applied to conceptual system design, widely used methods such as probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) and failure modes effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) are limited by the availability of data and often rely on detailed representations of the system. Further, existing methods for system reliability and failure methods have not addressed failure propagation in conceptual system design prior to selecting candidate architectures. Consideration given to failure propagation primarily focuses on the basic representation where failures propagate forward. In order to address the shortcomings of existing reliability and failure methods, this paper presents the function failure propagation potential methodology (FFPPM) to formalize the types of failure propagation and quantify failure propagation potential for complex, cyber‐physical systems during the conceptual stage of system design. Graph theory is leveraged to model and quantify the connectedness of the functional block diagram (FBD) to develop the metrics used in FFPPM. The FFPPM metrics include (i) the summation of the reachability matrix, (ii) the summation of the number of paths between nodes (i.e., functions) i and j for all i and j, and (iii) the degree and degree distribution. In plain English, these metrics quantify the reachability between functions in the graph, the number of paths between functions, and the connectedness of each node. The FFPPM metrics can then be used to make candidate architecture selection decisions and be used as early indicators for risk. The unique contribution of this research is to quantify failure propagation potential during conceptual system design of complex, cyber‐physical systems prior to selecting candidate architectures. FFPPM has been demonstrated using the example of an emergency core cooling system (ECCS) system in a pressurized water reactor (PWR).
Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) health surveillance in Britain: Assessing a disjunctive reintroduced population
Authors: Campbell‐Palmer Róisín , Rosell Frank , Naylor Adam , Cole Georgina , Mota Stephanie , Brown Donna , Fraser Mary , Pizzi Romain , Elliott Mark , Wilson Kelsey , Gaywood Martin , Girling Simon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground: Numerous translocations of Eurasian beavers have occurred with little implementation of standardised health screening. Pre‐release health screening enables the selection of individuals with the best survival prospects and reduces potential health risks, but this is by‐passed during unofficial releases. Beaver reintroduction to Britain has been haphazard and currently disjunctive populations of varying status exist.Methods: This observational cross section study investigated the health status of three beaver populations, with 90 live beavers tested for a range of pathogens comprising 56 from Tayside (unofficially released Scotland), nine from Knapdale (officially released Scotland) and 25 from Devon (unofficially released England). In addition, a further 32 cadavers were screened (25 from Tayside and seven from Knapdale).Results: All beavers were in good physical condition, did not harbour any non‐native disease or parasites of concern and demonstrated remarkably low levels of any disease or parasite exposure.Conclusion: Beavers are establishing and adapting well to British landscapes and are not acting as reservoirs of significant zoonotic diseases. Official, licensed reintroduction programmes may appear overly convoluted; however, reputational damage of unofficial releases should be considered, along with the health and welfare of the animals involved and collateral damage to other wildlife, domestic animals and humans.
Overcounting of interior excitations: a resolution to the bags of gold paradox in AdS
Authors: Chakravarty Joydeep 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, we investigate how single-sided and eternal black holes in AdS can host an enormous number of semiclassical excitations in their interior, which is seemingly not reflected in the Bekenstein Hawking entropy. In addition to the paradox in the entropy, we argue that the treatment of such excitations using effective field theory also violates black holes’ expected spectral properties. We propose that these mysteries are resolved because apparently orthogonal semiclassical bulk excitations have small inner products between them; and consequently, a vast number of semiclassical excitations can be constructed using the Hilbert space which describes black hole’s interior. We show that there is no paradox in the dual CFT description and comment upon the initial bulk state, which leads to the paradox. Further, we demonstrate our proposed resolution in the context of small N toy matrix models, where we model the construction of these large number of excitations. We conclude by discussing why this resolution is special to black holes.
Analytic integration of soft and collinear radiation in factorised QCD cross sections at NNLO
Authors: Magnea Lorenzo , Pelliccioli Giovanni , Signorile-Signorile Chiara , Torrielli Paolo , Uccirati Sandro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Within the framework of local analytic sector subtraction, we present the full analytic integration of double-real and real-virtual local infrared counterterms that enter NNLO QCD computations with any number of massless final-state partons. We show that a careful choice of phase-space mappings leads to simple analytic results, including non-singular terms, that can be obtained with conventional integration techniques.
Maximal U(1)Y-violating n-point correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Green Michael B. , Wen Congkao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper concerns a special class of n-point correlation functions of operators in the stress tensor supermultiplet of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric SU(N) Yang-Mills theory. These are “maximal U(1)Y-violating” correlators that violate the bonus U(1)Y charge by a maximum of 2(n − 4) units. We will demonstrate that such correlators satisfy SL(2, ℤ)-covariant recursion relations that relate n-point correlators to (n − 1)-point correlators in a manner analogous to the soft dilaton relations that relate the corresponding amplitudes in flat-space type IIB superstring theory. These recursion relations are used to determine terms in the large-N expansion of n-point maximal U(1)Y-violating correlators in the chiral sector, including correlators with four superconformal stress tensor primaries and (n − 4) chiral Lagrangian operators, starting from known properties of the n = 4 case. We concentrate on the first three orders in 1/N beyond the supergravity limit. The Mellin representations of the correlators are polynomials in Mellin variables, which correspond to higher derivative contact terms in the low-energy expansion of type IIB superstring theory in AdS5× S5 at the same orders as R4, d4R4 and d6R4. The coupling constant dependence of these terms is found to be described by non-holomorphic modular forms with holomorphic and anti-holomorphic weights (n − 4, 4 − n) that are SL(2, ℤ)-covariant derivatives of Eisenstein series and certain generalisations. This determines a number of non-leading contributions to U(1)Y-violating n-particle interactions (n > 4) in the low-energy expansion of type IIB superstring amplitudes in AdS5× S5.
All-loop-orders relation between Regge limits of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM and $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 8 supergravity four-point amplitudes
Authors: Naculich Stephen G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We examine in detail the structure of the Regge limit of the (nonplanar) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM four-point amplitude. We begin by developing a basis of color factors Cik suitable for the Regge limit of the amplitude at any loop order, and then calculate explicitly the coefficients of the amplitude in that basis through three-loop order using the Regge limit of the full amplitude previously calculated by Henn and Mistlberger. We compute these coefficients exactly at one loop, through $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\upepsilon}^2\right) $$
O

ϵ
2

at two loops, and through $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\upepsilon}^0\right) $$
O

ϵ
0

at three loops, verifying that the IR-divergent pieces are consistent with (the Regge limit of) the expected infrared divergence structure, including a contribution from the three-loop correction to the dipole formula. We also verify consistency with the IR-finite NLL and NNLL predictions of Caron-Huot et al. Finally we use these results to motivate the conjecture of an all-orders relation between one of the coefficients and the Regge limit of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity four-point amplitude.
Aufgaben der studentischen Mitarbeiter und Mitarbeiterinnen
Authors: Leitner Jasmin 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungViele Studierende arbeiten neben ihrem Studium – die einen müssen, um sich so ihre Ausbildung finanzieren zu können, die anderen, um einen Ausgleich zu schaffen und bereits erste Erfahrungen für ihren späteren Berufsweg zu erlangen. Während Gesprächen mit Freunden, Familie oder Mitmenschen kommt sehr oft die Frage „Was arbeitest du?“ auf. Wenn die Antwort lautet „Ich arbeite in der Gastronomie.“ oder „Ich bin geringfügig im Handel tätig.“, haben die meisten Menschen einen Bezug und eine Vorstellung der Tätigkeit. Wird allerdings mit „Ich arbeite als studentische/r MitarbeiterIn an der Universität.“ geantwortet, wissen sehr viele nicht, welche Arbeitsbereiche umfasst werden. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die Aufgaben von studentischen MitarbeiterInnen der Arbeitsgruppe Fördertechnik und Konstruktionslehre des Lehrstuhls für Bergbaukunde, Bergtechnik und Bergwirtschaft.
A hybrid matchmaking approach in the ambient assisted living domain
Authors: Stavrotheodoros Stefanos , Kaklanis Nikolaos , Votis Konstantinos , Tzovaras Dimitrios , Astell Arlene 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the recent years, several new Information and Communication Technology solutions have been developed in order to meet the increasing needs of elderly with cognitive impairments and support their autonomous living. Most of these solutions follow a human-centred paradigm that aims to provide users with personalised services according to their needs by also ensuring their safety with mechanisms that can automatically trigger appropriate actions in situations where there may be a risk for an elderly. The present paper presents a hybrid matchmaking approach that uses efficiently both a rule-based and a statistical matchmaker in order to (a) propose ambient assisted living services to the end-users, based on their role, status and context of use and (b) identify and resolve problematic cases by automatically selecting the most proper set of services to be called in a single or combined manner.