bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the co-registration technique and analysis methodology in comparison studies between advanced imaging modalities and whole-mount-histology reference in primary prostate cancer
Authors: Zamboglou Constantinos , Kramer Maria , Kiefer Selina , Bronsert Peter , Ceci Lara , Sigle August , Schultze-Seemann Wolfgang , Jilg Cordula A. , Sprave Tanja , Fassbender Thomas F. , Nicolay Nils H. , Ruf Juri , Benndorf Matthias , Grosu Anca L. , Spohn Simon K. B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractComparison studies using histopathology as standard of reference enable a validation of the diagnostic performance of imaging methods. This study analysed (1) the impact of different image-histopathology co-registration pathways, (2) the impact of the applied data analysis method and (3) intraindividually compared multiparametric magnet resonance tomography (mpMRI) and prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) by using the different approaches. Ten patients with primary PCa who underwent mpMRI and [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT followed by prostatectomy were prospectively enrolled. We demonstrate that the choice of the intermediate registration step [(1) via ex-vivo CT or (2) mpMRI] does not significantly affect the performance of the registration framework. Comparison of analysis methods revealed that methods using high spatial resolutions e.g. quadrant-based slice-by-slice analysis are beneficial for a differentiated analysis of performance, compared to methods with a lower resolution (segment-based analysis with 6 or 18 segments and lesions-based analysis). Furthermore, PSMA-PET outperformed mpMRI for intraprostatic PCa detection in terms of sensitivity (median %: 83–85 vs. 60–69, p < 0.04) with similar specificity (median %: 74–93.8 vs. 100) using both registration pathways. To conclude, the choice of an intermediate registration pathway does not significantly affect registration performance, analysis methods with high spatial resolution are preferable and PSMA-PET outperformed mpMRI in terms of sensitivity in our cohort.
A highly expressed mRNA signature for predicting survival in patients with stage I/II non-small-cell lung cancer after operation
Authors: Ma Nan , Si Lu , Yang Meiling , Li Meihua , He Zhiyi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers that predict the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. In this study,we aim to find out mRNA signature closely related to the prognosis of NSCLC by new algorithm of bioinformatics. Identification of highly expressed mRNA in stage I/II patients with NSCLC was performed with the “Limma” package of R software. Survival analysis of patients with different mRNA expression levels was subsequently calculated by Cox regression analysis, and a multi-RNA signature was obtained by using the training set. Kaplan–Meier estimator, log-rank test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyse the predictive ability of the multi-RNA signature. RT-PCR used to verify the expression of the multi-RNA signature, and Westernblot used to verify the expression of proteins related to the multi-RNA signature. We identified fifteen survival-related mRNAs in the training set and classified the patients as high risk or low risk. NSCLC patients with low risk scores had longer disease-free survival than patients with high risk scores. The fifteen-mRNA signature was an independent prognostic factor, as shown by the ROC curve. ROC curve also showed that the combined model of the fifteen-mRNA signature and tumour stage had higher precision than stage alone. The expression of fifteen mRNAs and related proteins were higher in stage II NSCLC than in stage I NSCLC. Multi-gene expression profiles provide a moderate prognostic tool for NSCLC patients with stage I/II disease.
The impact of atmospheric rivers on rainfall in New Zealand
Authors: Shu Jingxiang , Shamseldin Asaad Y. , Weller Evan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study quantifies the impact of atmospheric rivers (ARs) on rainfall in New Zealand. Using an automated AR detection algorithm, daily rainfall records from 654 rain gauges, and various atmospheric reanalysis datasets, we investigate the climatology of ARs, the characteristics of landfalling ARs, the contribution of ARs to annual and seasonal rainfall totals, and extreme rainfall events between 1979 and 2018 across the country. Results indicate that these filamentary synoptic features play an essential role in regional water resources and are responsible for many extreme rainfall events on the western side of mountainous areas and northern New Zealand. In these regions, depending on the season, 40–86% of the rainfall totals and 50–98% of extreme rainfall events are shown to be associated with ARs, with the largest contributions predominantly occurring during the austral summer. Furthermore, the median daily rainfall associated with ARs is 2–3 times than that associated with other storms. The results of this study extend the knowledge on the critical roles of ARs on hydrology and highlight the need for further investigation on the landfalling AR physical processes in relation to global circulation features and AR sources, and hydrological hazards caused by ARs in New Zealand.
The FlgN chaperone activates the Na+-driven engine of the Salmonella flagellar protein export apparatus
Authors: Minamino Tohru , Kinoshita Miki , Morimoto Yusuke V. , Namba Keiichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe bacterial flagellar protein export machinery consists of a transmembrane export gate complex and a cytoplasmic ATPase complex. The gate complex has two intrinsic and distinct H+-driven and Na+-driven engines to drive the export of flagellar structural proteins. Salmonella wild-type cells preferentially use the H+-driven engine under a variety of environmental conditions. To address how the Na+-driven engine is activated, we analyzed the fliJ(Δ13–24) fliH(Δ96–97) mutant and found that the interaction of the FlgN chaperone with FlhA activates the Na+-driven engine when the ATPase complex becomes non-functional. A similar activation can be observed with either of two single-residue substitutions in FlhA. Thus, it is likely that the FlgN-FlhA interaction generates a conformational change in FlhA that allows it to function as a Na+ channel. We propose that this type of activation would be useful for flagellar construction under conditions in which the proton motive force is severely restricted.
Positive Parenting Behaviors: Impact on the Early Vocabulary of Infants/Toddlers With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Bavin Edith L. , Sarant Julia , Prendergast Luke , Busby Peter , Leigh Greg , Peterson Candida 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
To extend our knowledge about factors influencing early vocabulary development for infants with cochlear implants (CIs), we investigated the impact of positive parenting behaviors (PPBs) from the Indicator of Parent Child Interaction, used in parent–child interactions during everyday activities.

Method
Implantation age for the sample recruited from CI clinics in Australia ranged from 6 to 10 months for 22 children and from 11 to 21 months for 11 children. Three observation sessions at three monthly intervals were coded for use of PPBs. Children's productive vocabulary, based on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories parent checklist, was collected approximately 6 and 9 months later. A repeated-measures negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate associations between the total PPBs per session, covariates (maternal education, gender, and time since implant), and the number of words produced. In follow-up analyses with the PPBs entered separately, variable selection was used to retain only those deemed informative, based on the Akaike information criterion.

Results
As early as Session 1, associations between the PPBs and vocabulary were identified. Time since implant had a positive effect. For different sessions, specific PPBs (descriptive language, follows child's lead, and acceptance and warmth) were identified as important contributors.

Conclusions
Complementing previous findings, valuable information was identified about parenting behaviors that are likely to impact positively the early vocabulary of infants with CIs. Of importance is providing parents with information and training in skills that have the potential to help create optimal contexts for promoting their child's early vocabulary development.
PLSAV: Parallel loop searching and verifying for loop closure detection
Authors: Yang Zhe , Pan Yun , Deng Lei , Xie Yuan , Huan Ruohong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVisual simultaneous localization and mapping (vSLAM), one of the most important applications in autonomous vehicles and robots to estimate the position and pose using inexpensive visual sensors, suffers from error accumulation for long‐term navigation without loop closure detection. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) are leveraged to achieve high accuracy for loop closure detection, however the execution time is much slower than those employing handcrafted visual features. In this paper, a parallel loop searching and verifying method for loop closure detection with both high accuracy and high speed, which combines two parallel tasks using handcrafted and DNN features, respectively, is proposed. A fast loop searching is proposed to link the bag‐of‐words features and histogram for higher accuracy, and it splits the images into multiple grids for high parallelism; meanwhile, a DNN feature extractor is utilized for further verification. A loop state control method based on a finite state machine to control these tasks is designed, wherein the loop closure detection is described as a context‐related procedure. The framework is implemented on a real machine, and the top‐2 best accuracy and fastest execution time of 80‐543 frames per second (min: 1.84ms, and max: 12.45ms) are achieved on several public benchmarks compared with some existing algorithms.
Mitigation of voltage sag for DVR to comply with voltage security protocol via elliptical trajectory compensation
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Yi , Wang Can , Lu Jinghang , Pan Xuewei , Blaabjerg Frede 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a flexible power dispatch strategy based on the elliptical trajectory is proposed to maximize the operating region for dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) during voltage sags. This control scheme introduces two individual parameters to accomplish continuous power delivery within the voltage security boundaries required by the loads. These two key parameters are presented in the exact mathematical equations of instantaneous power dispatch, which allows the individual control of active power and reactive power of DVR. Under the provisions of the given control strategy, the load voltage regulation and flexible power dispatch are combined together by the voltage sag compensation of the elliptical trajectory. Thus, the voltage source converters output current can be limited within the maximum rated value. A smooth transition can be achieved as well during changes in the operation scheme when fulfilling the presented power delivery. Eight scenarios of different active and reactive power delivery are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed strategy. Finally, laboratory results are used to reveal the effectiveness of the given control schemes.
A flux estimation method for three‐phase dual‐active‐bridge DC/DC converters
Authors: Nguyen Duy‐Dinh , Goto Takuya , Yukita Kazuto , Katou Akinori , Yoshida Shinji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study proposes an estimation method of flux density in high‐frequency transformers of three‐phase dual‐active‐bridge transformers. The steady‐state analysis shows that the flux in the converter is different in Buck and Boost modes and depending on load and voltage gain condition. From that, a closed‐form formula is proposed to estimate the flux swing in the core. Unlike the conventional estimation technique, the proposed one represents the flux as a function of input and output voltages and the phase shift value. Finite element analysis confirms that the proposed formula can predict the flux with less than 4% error. The proposed formula can also help to improve the prediction of temperature profile of the transformers with a high accuracy of less than 1 degree Celsius in the mid‐ to high‐power range as validated in experiments. The proposed flux estimation method can be used in designing the converter or in predicting the converter behaviour under critical conditions such as load changing or starting, and so forth, to help protect the transformers from saturation or DC bias.
Protoplanetary disk formation from the collapse of a prestellar core
Authors: Lee Yueh-Ning , Charnoz Sébastien , Hennebelle Patrick 
Published: March 2021

Context.Between the two research communities that study star formation and protoplanetary disk evolution, only a few efforts have been made to understand and bridge the gap between studies of a collapsing prestellar core and a developed disk. While it has generally been accepted for about a decade that the magnetic field and its nonideal effects play important roles during the stellar formation, simple models of pure hydrodynamics and angular momentum conservation are still widely employed in the studies of disk assemblage in the framework of the so-called alpha-disk model because these models are simple.Aims.We revisit the assemblage phase of the protoplanetary disk and employ current knowledge of the prestellar core collapse.Methods.We performed 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations with ambipolar diffusion and full radiative transfer to follow the formation of the protoplanetary disk within a collapsing prestellar core. The global evolution of the disk and its internal properties were analyzed to understand how the infalling envelope regulates the buildup and evolution of the disk. We followed the global evolution of the protoplanetary disk from the prestellar core collapse during 100 kyr with a reasonable resolution of AU. Two snapshots from this reference run were extracted and rerun with significantly increased resolution to resolve the interior of the disk.Results.The disk that formed under our simulation setup is more realistic and agrees with recent observations of disks around class 0 young stellar objects. The source function of the mass flux that arrives at the disk and the radial mass accretion rate within the disk are measured and compared to analytical self-similar models based on angular momentum conservation. The source function is very centrally peaked compared to classical hydrodynamical models, implying that most of the mass falling onto the star does not transit through the midplane of the disk. We also found that the disk midplane is almost dead to turbulence, whereas upper layers and the disk outer edge are highly turbulent, and this is where the accretion occurs. The snow line, located at about 5–10 AU during the infall phase, is significantly farther away from the center than in a passive disk. This result might be of numerical origin.Conclusions.We studied self-consistent protoplanetary disk formation from prestellar core collapse, taking nonideal MHD effects into account. We developed a zoomed rerun technique to quickly obtain a reasonable disk that is highly stratified, weakly magnetized inside, and strongly magnetized outside. During the class 0 phase of protoplanetary disk formation, the interaction between the disk and the infalling envelope is important and ought not be neglected. We measured the complex flow pattern and compared it to the classical models of pure hydrodynamical infall. Accretion onto the star is found to mostly depend on dynamics at large scales, that is, the collapsing envelope, and not on the details of the disk structure.
Moving solar radio bursts and their association with coronal mass ejections
Authors: Morosan D. E. , Kumari A. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Hamini A. 
Published: March 2021

Context. Solar eruptions, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are often accompanied by accelerated electrons that can in turn emit radiation at radio wavelengths. This radiation is observed as solar radio bursts. The main types of bursts associated with CMEs are type II and type IV bursts that can sometimes show movement in the direction of the CME expansion, either radially or laterally. However, the propagation of radio bursts with respect to CMEs has only been studied for individual events.
Aims. Here, we perform a statistical study of 64 moving bursts with the aim to determine how often CMEs are accompanied by moving radio bursts. This is done in order to ascertain the usefulness of using radio images in estimating the early CME expansion.
Methods. Using radio imaging from the Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH), we constructed a list of moving radio bursts, defined as bursts that move across the plane of sky at a single frequency. We define their association with CMEs and the properties of associated CMEs using white-light coronagraph observations. We also determine their connection to classical type II and type IV radio burst categorisation.
Results. We find that just over a quarter of type II and half of type IV bursts that occurred during the NRH observing windows in Solar Cycle 24 are accompanied by moving radio emission. All but one of the moving radio bursts are associated with white–light CMEs and the majority of moving bursts (90%) are associated with wide CMEs (> 60° in width). In particular, all but one of the moving bursts corresponding to type IIs are associated with wide CMEs; however, and unexpectedly, the majority of type II moving bursts are associated with slow white–light CMEs (< 500 km s−1). On the other hand, the majority of moving type IV bursts are associated with fast CMEs (> 500 km s−1).
Conclusions. The observations presented here show that moving radio sources are almost exclusively associated with CMEs. The majority of events are also associated with wide CMEs, indicating that strong lateral expansion during the early stages of the eruption may play a key role in the occurrence of the radio emission observed.
Emergency Department Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in New Delhi–A Single Institute Cohort Management Data
Authors: Choudhary Ajay , Kumar Ashok , Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Varshney Rahul , Munjal Satya Shiva , Kaushik Kaviraj , Gupta Laxmi Narayan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study is to compare the current clinical management practices and decision guidelines of the Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) for mild traumatic brain insult with line of treatment followed at our center to identify the clinically significant treatment outcome in pediatric to elderly patients.
Materials and Methods This is a questionnaire-based prospective observational study at the emergency department of neurosurgery in Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, New Delhi. A registry questionnaire was administered to all the eligible subjects by the neurosurgery resident in emergency department (ED) to correlate clinical status, severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and associated comorbid conditions and its outcome after management.
Results Out of 154 mild TBI cases attending ED, 115 (74.7%) were males and 39 (25.3%) were females, with average age of 27 years. Of the patients with mild TBI, road traffic accidents (RTA) were the main cause (50.6%), followed by fall from height (42.9%), assault and sports-related injury (6.4%). Of the total, 96.1% underwent CT. Of these, 31.8% found abnormal CT results, 27.5% received wound treatment care, and 9.1% received emergency care. Nearly 30.5% were admitted and 1.3% patients were died in the hospital, 75.3% patients were discharged and 23.4% were referred to other department for associated co morbid conditions.
Conclusion The present study identified deficiencies in and variation around several important aspects of ED care. The development of BTF guidelines specific for mild TBI could reduce variation and improve emergency care for this injury.
Abdominal Wall Hernias: An Epidemiological Profile and Surgical Experience from a Rural Medical College in Central India
Authors: Pandya Bharati , Huda Tanweerul , Gupta Dilip , Mehra Bhupendra , Narang Ravinder 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Abdominal wall hernia is a common surgical entity worldwide with groin hernias having the most common presentation among them. They are a cause of morbidity and mortality if not addressed in time. A variety of surgical methods are available for the repair of hernias. The tension-free repair using synthetic mesh has the least recurrence and is the most accepted.
Aim To describe the surgical burden and clinical profile of abdominal wall hernias as well as experiences in their management in a rural setup.
Methods This was a retrospective observational study of all the cases of abdominal wall hernias presenting to various surgical divisions of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, during a two-year period from December 2011 to November 2013. Relevant details were collected from the hospital information statistics and patient file records and analysis of obtained data was done.
Result A total of 910 out of 90,056 surgical outpatients (10.10%) seen during this period had abdominal wall hernias; 816 (89.67%) got operated. A total of 163 (20%) of 816 were operated in an emergency. Groin hernias were the most common 653 (80%), followed by incisional 82 (10%), umbilical and paraumbilical 41 (5%), epigastric 33 (4%), and rarer hernias in 8 (1%). Of 816 operations, 24 (2.9%) had recurrent hernias and 83 (10.17%) were pediatric patients. Male to female ratio was 9:1 in adults and 4:1 in children. The median age among adults was 49 years (range: 14–95 years), and among the pediatric age group, it was 7 years (range: 3 months–14 years). The majority of the adult patients were from a low-income group and presented more than 2 years after symptoms appeared. Comorbid conditions encountered were hypertension in 212 (26%), diabetes in 155 (19%), chronic airway disorders in 449 (55%), cardiac problems in 163 (20%), obesity in 10 (1.2%), and chronic renal failure and liver disorder in 82 (1%). Predisposing factors in the majority of the patients were chronic cough 449 (55%), prostatic problems in 187 (23%), chronic constipation in 163 (20%), previous surgeries in 82 (10%), obesity in 10 (1.2%), and ascites in 9 (0.1%). Hernia surgery was performed laparoscopically in 51 (6.25%) patients. Simultaneous other surgeries were performed in 130 (16%) patients. Mortality occurred in 2 (0.24%) patients operated in emergency, and chief morbidity was due to wound infection in 25 (3%) and chronic pain in 30 (3.9%) patients.
Conclusion Abdominal wall hernias are common clinical entities. Although the pattern of presentation and management is similar, the challenges faced in a rural setup are due to ignorance, social inhibitions, and financial restraints, leading to delayed presentations which increase their morbidity and mortality. Health programs and surveys to increase awareness in rural areas as well as cutting down on expenses could help these patients.