bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Development of GFDL's Decadal Prediction System: Initialization Approaches and Retrospective Forecast Assessment
Authors: Yang Xiaosong , Delworth Thomas L. , Zeng Fanrong , Zhang Liping , Cooke William F. , Harrison Matthew J. , Rosati Anthony , Underwood Seth , Compo Gilbert P. , McColl Chesley 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing GFDL's new coupled model SPEAR, we have developed a decadal coupled reanalysis/initialization system (DCIS) that does not use subsurface ocean observations. In DCIS, the winds and temperature in the atmosphere, along with sea surface temperature (SST), are restored to observations. Under this approach the ocean component of the coupled model experiences a sequence of surface heat and momentum fluxes that are similar to observations. DCIS offers two initialization approaches, called A1 and A2, which differ only in the atmospheric forcing from observations. In A1, the atmospheric winds/temperature are restored toward the JRA reanalysis; in A2, surface pressure observations are assimilated in the model. Two sets of coupled reanalyses have been completed during 1961–2019 using A1 and A2, and they show very similar multi‐decadal variations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Two sets of retrospective decadal forecasts were then conducted using initial conditions from the A1 and A2 reanalyses. In comparison with previous prediction system CM2.1, SPEAR‐A1/A2 shows comparable skill of predicting the North Atlantic subpolar gyre SST, which is highly correlated with initial values of AMOC at all lead years. SPEAR‐A1 significantly outperforms CM2.1 in predicting multi‐decadal SST trends in the Southern Ocean (SO). Both A1 and A2 have skillful prediction of Sahel precipitation and the associated ITCZ shift. The prediction skill of SST is generally lower in A2 than A1 especially over SO presumably due to the sparse surface pressure observations.
Cenozoic Dextral Shearing Along the Arusan Sector of the Great Kavir–Doruneh Fault System (Central Iran)
Authors: Zanchi Andrea , Zanchetta Stefano , Berra Fabrizio , Mattei Massimo , Javadi Hamid Reza , Montemagni Chiara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe structural analysis of large intracontinental wrench faults is fundamental for deciphering the long‐term evolution of continental crust in complex areas in terms of their geodynamic evolution and large‐scale crustal block displacements. In this contribution, we demonstrate a pre‐Miocene dextral activity of the present‐day left‐lateral Great Kavir ‐ Doruneh Fault System (GKDFS, Central Iran), one of the major intracontinental active strike‐slip faults extending from the Afghan border to the Nain region between Central Iran and the Sanandaj‐Sirjan Zone. We document important dextral shearing recorded along a segment of the GKDFS, the Arusan Fault System (AFS), located east of Jandaq, close to the present‐day active trace of the GKDFS. The AFS include several ENE‐WSW striking strands exposed for a length of more than 50 km, which couple pre‐Cretaceous ophiolites and metamorphic basement units with the Cretaceous succession of the Khur basin. The fault shows transpressional structures consistent with a dextral shear including thrusts and en échelon folds affecting the Cretaceous carbonate units. Paleostress reconstruction based on mesoscopic fault analysis and related folds geometry allowed to establish vorticity parameters indicating that deformation occurred close to a total simple shear regime with a calculated Wk between 0.9 and 1. The enormous Meso‐Cenozoic dextral displacements occurred along the AFS and along the entire GKDFS are attested by the up to several hundreds of kilometers offset of the Paleotethys suture zone, from NE Iran to the western border of Central Iran.
Double Averaging Analysis Applied to a Large Eddy Simulation of Coupled Turbulent Overlying and Porewater Flow
Authors: Lian Yan Ping , Dallmann Jonathan , Sonin Benjamin , Roche Kevin R. , Packman Aaron I. , Liu Wing Kam , Wagner Gregory J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFreestream turbulence in rivers is a key contributor to the flux of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and other ecologically important solutes into porewater. To advance understanding of turbulent hyporheic exchange and porewater transport, we investigate flow over and through a rough bed of spheres using large eddy simulation (LES). We apply double averaging (combined space and time averaging) to the LES results to determine the mean velocity distribution, momentum balance, and drag forces. Our simulations show large‐scale freestream structures interacting strongly with vortices generated at the surfaces of individual spheres to control turbulent momentum fluxes into the bed. The transition between turbulent flow and Darcy flow occurs over the first row of spheres, where turbulence decays rapidly and turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds stress, and drag forces peak. Below this region, turbulence is only present in the high‐velocity flow in open pore throats. Experimental observations suggest that minimum mean porewater velocity occurs in the first open pore space below the transition region, but our results show that the minimum occurs between the first and second pore spaces. The simulation mean porewater velocities are approximately half those captured in measurements because the model resolves the entire flow continuum while measurements can access high‐velocity fluid in open pores. The high‐resolution dual time‐space averaging of the LES resolves both turbulent and mean flow features that are important to interfacial solute and particle fluxes, providing a means to include turbulent hyporheic exchange in upscaled river models, which has not been achieved to date.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles mitigate oxidative stress-induced senescence in endothelial cells via regulation of miR-146a/Src
Authors: Xiao Xian , Xu Meiqian , Yu Hongliang , Wang Liping , Li Xiaoxia , Rak Janusz , Wang Shihua , Zhao Robert Chunhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSenescent endothelial cells (ECs) could impair the integrity of the blood vessel endothelium, leading to vascular aging and a series of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes. Preventing or mitigating EC senescence might serve as a promising therapeutic paradigm for these diseases. Recent studies showed that small extracellular vesicles (sEV) have the potential to transfer bioactive molecules into recipient cells and induce phenotypic changes. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have long been postulated as an important source cell in regenerative medicine, herein we investigated the role and mechanism of MSC-derived sEV (MSC-sEV) on EC senescence. In vitro results showed that MSC-sEV reduced senescent biomarkers, decreased senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), rescued angiogenesis, migration and other dysfunctions in senescent EC induced by oxidative stress. In the In vivo natural aging and type-2 diabetes mouse wound-healing models (both of which have senescent ECs), MSC-sEV promoted wound closure and new blood vessel formation. Mechanically, miRNA microarray showed that miR-146a was highly expressed in MSC-sEV and also upregulated in EC after MSC-sEV treatment. miR-146a inhibitors abolished the stimulatory effects of MSC-sEV on senescence. Moreover, we found miR-146a could suppress Src phosphorylation and downstream targets VE-cadherin and Caveolin-1. Collectively, our data indicate that MSC-sEV mitigated endothelial cell senescence and stimulate angiogenesis through miR-146a/Src.
Brief report on a phase I/IIa study to assess the safety, tolerability, and immune response of AGMG0201 in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Nakagami Hironori , Ishihama Tetsuya , Daikyoji Yuichi , Sasakura Chieka , Yamada Ei , Morishita Ryuichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe have been developing an angiotensin II vaccine for hypertension. We conducted a placebo-controlled dose escalation study to investigate the safety, tolerability, and immunological responses of this angiotensin II vaccine (AGMG0201). AGMG0201 was administered to participants with mild to moderate hypertension between 18 and 79 years of age. Twelve patients each were enrolled in the low-dose and high-dose groups. Within each group, subjects were randomly assigned to receive either the active study drug or a placebo at a ratio of 3:1. Each participant received a single intramuscular injection, followed by a second injection 30 days later, and was monitored for 360 days after the second dose. The results showed that most treatment-related adverse events were classified as mild or moderate in severity, including pain and erythema at the injection site. Anti-angiotensin II antibodies were observed in the AGMG0201 patients, especially in the high-dose group. Overall, AGMG0201 was well tolerated.
A Japan nationwide web-based survey of patient preference for renal denervation for hypertension treatment
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Kagitani Hideaki , Hayashi Shoko , Hanamura Satsuki , Ozawa Keisuke , Kanegae Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRenal denervation is a potential alternative to antihypertensive drug therapy. However, data on patient preference for this treatment option are limited and there are no data specifically from Asian patients. This study evaluated patient preference for renal denervation in patients with hypertension from Japan. Patients were a subset of those who participated in a March 2020 online electronic survey of patients with hypertension who had regularly visited medical institutions for treatment, were receiving antihypertensive drug therapy and had home blood pressure recordings available. The survey included a question about patient preference for treatment with renal denervation. A total of 2,392 patients were included (66% male, mean age 59.8 ± 11.6 years, mean duration of hypertension 11.4 ± 9.5 years). Preference for renal denervation was expressed by 755 patients (31.6%), and was higher in males than in females, in younger compared with older patients, in those with higher versus lower blood pressure, in patients who were less adherent versus more adherent to antihypertensive drug therapy, and in those who did rather than did not have antihypertensive drug-related side effects. Significant predictors of preference for renal denervation on logistic regression analysis were younger patient age, male sex, higher home or office systolic blood pressure, poor antihypertensive drug adherence, the presence of heart failure, and the presence of side effects during treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Overall, a relevant proportion of Japanese patients with hypertension expressed a preference for renal denervation. This should be taken into account when making shared decisions about antihypertensive drug therapy.
A DSC approach to adaptive dynamic region‐based tracking control for strict‐feedback non‐linear systems
Authors: Sun Xiaoming , Ge Shuzhi Sam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs an extension of the conventional set‐point control problem, the dynamic region‐based tracking control scheme with obstacle avoidance is proposed for a class of uncertain strict‐feedback non‐linear systems. A novel adaptive tracking controller is designed by a fusion of artificial potential field, recursive backstepping approach, neural networks, dynamic surface control technique, calculus method, and Lyapunov stability theory. In the proposed control scheme, the objective region cannot be required to have a regular shape or a fixed size for the passibility of the system in constrained space. The region tracking error is transformed into a new virtual error variable for recursively designing a dynamic surface controller, and the dimension of neural network inputs can be greatly reduced, especially for high‐order systems. The Lyapunov theorem is used to confirm the stability and uniform boundedness of all closed‐loop signals. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Complete/incomplete multi‐view subspace clustering via soft block‐diagonal‐induced regulariser
Authors: Hu Yongli , Luo Cuicui , Wang Boyue , Gao Junbin , Sun Yanfeng , Yin Baocai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a novel multi‐view soft block diagonal representation framework for clustering complete and incomplete multi‐view data. First, given that the multi‐view self‐representation model offers better performance in exploring the intrinsic structure of multi‐view data, it can be nicely adopted to individually construct a graph for each view. Second, since an ideal block diagonal graph is beneficial for clustering, a ‘soft’ block diagonal affinity matrix is constructed by fusing multiple previous graphs. The soft diagonal block regulariser encourages a matrix to approximately have (not exactly) diagonal blocks, where is the number of clusters. This strategy adds robustness to noise and outliers. Third, to handle incomplete multi‐view data, multiple indicator matrices are utilised, which can mark the position of missing elements of each view. Finally, the alternative direction of multipliers algorithm is employed to optimise the proposed model, and the corresponding algorithm complexity and convergence are also analysed. Extensive experimental results on several real‐world datasets achieve the best performance among the state‐of‐the‐art complete and incomplete clustering methods, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
A novel and robust method of indexing the uncoded stripes for multi‐line based structured light application
Authors: Xue Jiawen , Hu Yi , Li Guolin , Wang Zhihua , Xie Xiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFinding the correspondence between the captured and projected uncoded stripe pattern, which is called the indexing problem, has proved to be difficult to overcome reliably. Due to the interference of the non‐ideal phenomena, the extracted stripe might be lost, increased or shifted undetectably. This letter proposes a graph‐matching based method to address this problem. The captured stripes are categorized into two parts according to whether they should be offset after projection. For the non‐offset stripes, they can be accurately indexed by the predetermined projection pattern. Based on the structural similarity that exists on the two kinds of stripes, we establish two graphs and match them to index the offset stripes fast and effectively. Thus, the iterative process in the previous study is avoided and the troublesome issues are solved. The proposed method is applied to the virtual touchpad scheme to make an arbitrary surface touch‐sensitiveness. Experimental results show that the ameliorated virtual touchpad scheme yields an average touch detection accuracy of 96.07%, and the indexing accuracy evaluated by randomly selected patterns is 100%.
Analysis of temporal carrier build‐up in reconfigurable field‐effect transistor
Authors: Park Jeong Woo , Lee Seong Hyun , Kim Sang Hoon , Roh Tae Moon , Suh Dongwoo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on the analysis of the carrier density change of a symmetric gate reconfigurable field‐effect transistor that can operate p‐ or n‐type transistors in an integrated circuit (IC), its unique limiting factor, carrier build‐up time, is quantitatively derived for operating speed in addition to conventional resistance and capacitance (RC) and transit time effect. Originating from the characteristic of carrier confinement in a channel between two Schottky potential barriers, the carrier build‐up time for the operation could take up to ∼1000 times longer than the transit time across the channel.
Safety effect analysis of motorcycle V2I collision warning system
Authors: Hsu Tien‐Pen , Wen Ku‐Lin , Liu Chin‐Hung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConnected vehicle technology can help the driver make decisions, improve awareness of the road environment, and thereby possibly enhance traffic safety. This study explored the impact of a motorcycle vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) warning system on road safety through a field trial of a Motorcycle Safety Warning System (MSWS). This study used principal component analysis, K‐means, and ordinal logistic regression to explore the effects of the MSWS. After system activation, the road safety level (RSL) improved at 50% of the field trial sites. This study provides a reference for evaluating RSLs through the composite index of this study and verifies that the V2I warning signs of the MSWS provide a certain degree of improvement of motorcycle traffic safety. A V2I system like the MSWS can be used to collect data on driving behaviours in a short period for safety effect analysis, as compared to crash data, which require an extended period. In addition, the traffic behaviour data collected by a V2I system can also be used to identify potential high crash risk locations. The warning signs developed in this study can prevent accidents by alerting drivers who are speeding and at risk of crashes.
Maximizing the latency fairness in UAV‐assisted MEC system
Authors: Hydher Hassaan , Jayakody Dushantha Nalin K. , Panic Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) assisted edge computing has risen as an assuring technique to accommodate ubiquitous edge computation for resource‐limited devices. Thus, this paper proposes an approach to maximize the latency fairness in a UAV‐assisted multi‐access edge computing (MEC) system. To maximize latency fairness, the authors focus on minimizing the maximum latency experienced among the users. In here, multiple ground users (GUs) offload their tasks to MEC UAV in the absence or unavailability of ground servers due to a disaster or heavy traffic where an iterative algorithm is proposed to minimize the maximum latency among the users subject to minimum control link rate and total power constraints. Sequentially, the UAVs' 3D location, offloading ratio, GUs' transmit power and GUs' computational capacity are optimized. The location of the UAV is optimized by using the novel approach, guided pattern search algorithm while the altitude of the UAV is optimized by analyzing the elevation angle dependant behaviour of the channel gain. A simple approach is utilized for optimizing the offloading ratio of the users by considering the problem as minimizing the point‐wise maximum of two convex functions while the bisection method is used to optimize the power allocation. Numerical simulation results illustrate that the proposed approach outperforms other baseline approaches in convergence, minimizing the maximum latency and maximizing and maintaining the fairness among the GUs. Furthermore, it is proved that the guided pattern search algorithm converges at least 3.5 times better while the proposed combined optimization gives 400% fairness gain, in comparison with the baseline approach.
Structural optimal design and power generation characteristics of a bionic type nautilus vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Li Zheng , Gao Menghai , Cao Xin , Cheng Liyuan , Wang Xueting , An Guoqing , Sun Hexu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNautilus vertical axis wind turbine is a new breed which is being designed and developed through bionics and geometry, this kind of wind turbine is not only novel in appearance, and stable in structure, but also has excellent aerodynamic performance. Based on this type of wind turbine, combined with its structural characteristics, this paper designed 20 prototypes by continuously adjusting the structural parameters of the spiral blades. The performance of these prototypes is compared by simulation, the optimal structure of this kind of wind turbine is selected. This optimized wind turbine has a strong ability to collect wind energy and can obtain higher wind energy utilization in a wider range of wind speed, the maximum wind energy utilization rate reaches 32.842%. Then the wake characteristics are analysed, the reasonable arrangement is designed. This paper also built an equal scale reduced version of the real object using a 3D printer, and assembles it with a small disc type electric machine to construct a vertical axis wind power generation apparatus. Finally, experiments are conducted in a real environment to analyse the rotational speed and voltage waveform of this apparatus under different operating conditions experimentally.
Persönliches Budget: Bindungswirkung einer Zielvereinbarung, Befristung – BSG klärt weitere Grundsatzfragen
Authors: Schian Marcus , Goldbach Christiane 
Published: October 2021

Kerninhalte der aktuellen Entscheidung1. Eine Befristung einer Leistungserbringung in Form eines Persönlichen Budgets bei auf Dauer angelegten Leistungen scheidet regelmäßig aus.2. Eine Zielvereinbarung zum Persönlichen Budget bindet die Beteiligten in der Regel nicht materiell im Hinblick auf den individuellen Leistungsbedarf.
Endoskopassoziierte Kreuzkontaminationen – 10 Jahre im Überblick
Authors: Andersen Nils 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungWeltweite Berichte über Ausbrüche endoskopassoziierter Infektionen können schon seit Jahren beobachtet werden. Vermehrte Berichterstattungen in den Medien, dass die Übertragung einer Infektion mit multiresistenten Mikroorganismen über kontaminierte Endoskope häufiger auftritt als bisher angenommen, führten zu dieser Literaturrecherche.In einer Suche in zwei Datenbanken konnten 26 relevante Artikel identifiziert werden, wovon 10 zusammengefasst wurden, da sie jeweils denselben Ausbruch aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln beleuchteten. In den 21 Ausbrüchen werden die meisten im Zusammenhang mit Duodenoskopen berichtet (71,43 %), aber auch einige mit Gastroskopen, Koloskopen oder Endosonografiegeräten (19,05 %). Die meisten Ausbrüche wurden aus der EU (47,62 %) und den USA (42,86 %) berichtet. Insgesamt wurde von 252 infizierten Patienten und 14 Todesfällen berichtet. Als ursächliche Mikroorganismen wurden vornehmlich K. pneumoniae (47,62 %), E. coli (23,81 %) und P. aeruginosa (19,05 %) berichtet. Die meisten Kontaminationen wurden auf eine nicht sachgemäße Reinigung zurückgeführt (38,10 %). In einem Drittel der Fälle konnte die Ursache des Ausbruchs nicht ermittelt werden (33,33 %).Um die Inzidenz von Endoskopkontaminationen zu erkennen, ist eine offene Kommunikation zwischen Herstellern, Kliniken und Regierungsstellen dringend erforderlich. Studien zum Endoskoprisikofaktor und gründliche Untersuchungen der Ausbrüche durch Experten sind entscheidend für die Senkung und letztendliche Prävention von Infektionen. Diese Studien sollten zu Verbesserungen des Endoskopdesigns (bei der Endoskopgestaltung), der Endoskopwiederaufbereitung sowie der mikrobiologischen Überwachung führen. Regelmäßige intensive Schulungen des Aufbereitungspersonals und regelmäßige Audits erscheinen unerlässlich. Ein großes Augenmerk sollte hierbei auf die Ausbildung und spezifische Geräteeinweisung gelegt werden. Neue Wiederaufbereitungsmaßnahmen wie die EO-Sterilisation zeigen keine überlegenen Ergebnisse und sind kostspieliger umzusetzen. Einwegduodenoskope würden das Risiko der Übertragung exogener Mikroorganismen vollständig eliminieren, aber sie sind ebenfalls kostenintensiv. Die Abwägung der Kostenwirksamkeit jeder Neugestaltung oder Verwendung von Einwegendoskopen mit dem tatsächlichen Risiko der Übertragung exogener Mikroorganismen wird letztlich bestimmen, welche Lösungen angenommen und langfristig genutzt werden.