bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of microhabitat on the distribution of tadpoles of three endemic Nyctibatrachus species (Nyctibatrachidae) from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Priti Hebbar , Gururaja Kotambylu Vasudeva , Aravind Neelavar Anantharam , Ravikanth Gudasalamani 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmphibians show a high amount of species richness and endemism. Such diversity can be attributed to their microenvironment as amphibians display fine‐scale heterogeneity depending on the microhabitats they inhabit. Tadpoles are considered as good indicators for understanding microhabitat–species association as they reflect the breeding sites and signify species survival potential. In this study, we assessed the microhabitat factors influencing the distribution of tadpoles of three endemic frogs of the genus Nyctibatrachus namely N. jog, N. kempholeyensis, and N. kumbara from central Western Ghats, India. Forty‐three streams were sampled from three river basins, and stream characteristics were analyzed using generalized linear models. The results indicate that the tadpoles show specific microhabitat preferences and spatial niche partitioning. Among microhabitat variables, the slope significantly influenced the distribution of tadpoles of N. jog and N. kempholeyensis. The tadpoles of N. jog preferred steep slopes, while N. kempholeyensis tadpoles were found in gradual slopes with low water depth. For N. kumbara tadpoles, water temperature significantly influenced their distribution in the streams. Such spatial heterogeneity promotes the coexistence of these species supporting the niche theory. The study advances the understanding of how amphibian diversity from the Western Ghats is shaped at the microhabitat scale. The perennial streams that the Nyctibatrachus tadpoles inhabit are at risk due to anthropogenic activities. The findings of this study provide important baseline data that could be useful for the conservation of the endemic anurans in the Western Ghats, India.
Good response to rituximab in chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids presenting as tumor‐like infratentorial lesion
Authors: Marangi Antonio , Zuliani Luigi , Vitale Valerio , Mansour Mariam , Federle Lisa , Novello Mariangela , d’Amore Emanuele Stefano Giovanni , Stenta Gianola , Perini Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) represents a T cell‐mediated inflammatory disorder typically characterized by multiple punctate gadolinium enhancement mainly involving the pontine region. Atypical onset with tumefactive infratentorial lesions has been rarely described, representing a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.Case presentationWe describe a 58‐year‐old man who presented in November 2017 with left‐sided hemihypesthesia followed by gait imbalance and diplopia. The first magnetic resonance imaging scans showed an enhancing infratentorial tumefactive lesion empirically treated with intravenous steroids. Extensive laboratory work‐up for the most common causes of tumor‐like lesions was negative, whereas cerebral biopsy disclosed an accumulation of macrophages, perivascular T lymphocytes and rare B cells. Six months later a control magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple punctate hyperintensities in T2‐weighted images peppering the pons and upper cervical spinal cord, which were considered highly suggestive of CLIPPERS. After 3 months of oral prednisone, treatment with rituximab was initiated in April 2019, under which the patient's conditions fully stabilized.ConclusionsTumor‐like onset was found to be an extremely rare variant of CLIPPERS, which expands the spectrum of possible magnetic resonance imaging manifestation, which can be observed during the course of this disease. The efficacy of rituximab in the treatment of CLIPPERS syndrome supports the role of B cells as important regulators of T‐cell activity.
Evaluation of internal and external hexagon connections in immediately loaded full‐arch rehabilitations: A within‐person randomized split‐mouth controlled trial with a 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Pera Francesco , Menini Maria , Bagnasco Francesco , Mussano Federico , Ambrogio Giulia , Pesce Paolo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough full‐arch immediately loaded rehabilitations are widely used nowadays, little information is available on which implant/abutment connection is the most suitable in this type of treatment.PurposeThe aim of the present multicentric split‐mouth clinical trial was to compare the clinical outcomes of two different implant‐abutment connections applied in full‐arch immediate loading rehabilitations: external hexagon connection (EHC) versus internal hexagon connection (IHC).Materials and methodsTwenty patients were rehabilitated with immediately loaded fixed full‐arch rehabilitations. All the implants presented the same macro‐ and micro‐topography but different implant/abutment connection. IHC were used in one randomly selected side of the jaw and EHC in the other side.Outcome measures were implant survival rate, peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BoP) evaluated at 3, 6, 12, and 36‐month post‐loading. Any technical and biological complication was recorded. Kaplan–Meier procedure and linear mixed model were used to perform statistical analysis.ResultsForty‐three EHC and 40 IHC implants were inserted. No patients dropped out and two implants failed in the first 6 months. The CSR was 97.7% for EHC and 97.5% for IHC implants. No statistically significant differences were found among the two groups for any of the parameters at any time point. At the 36‐month follow‐up visit a slight difference was found in MBL with a mean value of 1.7 mm in the EHC and of 1.9 mm in the IHC group (p = 0.355).No biologic complications were identified. Seven loosed abutment screws were identified in the entire follow‐up period, two in the EHC, and five in the IHC group without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.394).ConclusionsAfter 36 months in function, both internal and external hexagon connections provided good clinical outcomes and were not associated with any significant difference.
Labour Formalization and Inequality: The Distributive Impact of Labour Formalization in Latin America since 2000
Authors: Maurizio Roxana , Beccaria Luis , Monsalvo Ana 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTInequality and informality are two characteristic features of the labour markets of Latin America. However, since 2000 the region has experienced a trend towards labour formalization and a reduction in wage inequality. This article analyses the inflows to formality in four Latin American countries — Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru — and assesses their distributive impacts. This aspect is relevant given that the increase in formal wage earners was particularly marked and it is not possible to determine a priori the sign and intensity of the impact of formalization on wage distribution. Therefore, the link between the two dimensions — inequality and formality — is an empirical question. The results of this analysis show that labour formalization had an important equalizing effect in Argentina, Brazil and Ecuador, but that this was not the case in Peru. Most of the existing literature focuses on the distributive impacts of the returns to education. This study complements the existing literature by showing how the improvement of working conditions contributes to explaining the decreasing trend of inequality observed in Latin America since 2000.
A meta‐analytic approach to the association between inhibitory control and parent‐reported behavioral adjustment in typically‐developing children: Differentiating externalizing and internalizing behavior problems
Authors: Berger Philipp , Buttelmann David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImpairments in inhibitory control (IC) are traditionally seen as a vital aspect in the emergence and course of maladaptive behavior across early childhood. However, it is currently unclear whether this view applies to both the externalizing and internalizing domain of parent‐reported behavioral adjustment. Furthermore, past (meta‐analytic) developmental research and theory characterizing this association have largely neglected the vast heterogeneity of IC measures and conceptualizations. The present meta‐analyses examined the association of IC with parent‐reported externalizing (N = 3160, 21 studies) and internalizing (N = 1758, 12 studies) behavior problems, assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), in non‐clinical populations of children aged 2–8 years. They further investigated the moderating effects of a priori IC categorization, according to a recently proposed two‐factor model of IC (“Strength/Endurance” account, Simpson & Carroll, 2019). In line with previous research in the clinical domain, the current results corroborate the notion of a robust, but small association between IC and externalizing behavior problems (r = −0.11) in early childhood. However, although frequently proposed in the literature, no significant linear association could be identified with internalizing behavior problems. Furthermore, in both meta‐analyses, no significant moderating effects of IC categorization could be revealed. These findings enhance our knowledge about the cognitive underpinnings of early‐emerging maladaptive behavior, indicating that different subtypes of IC are statistically related with externalizing, but not internalizing behavior problems. Overall, the small association of IC ability with behavior problems in non‐clinical populations provokes broader questions about the role of IC in behavioral adjustment.
Ratios rather than concentrations of nutritionally important elements may shape honey bee preferences for ‘dirty water’
Authors: Cairns Sarah M. , Wratten Steve D. , Filipiak Michał , Veronesi Emiliano R. , Saville David J. , Shields Morgan W. 
Published: July 2021

1. Honey bees require minerals for a complete diet. However, minerals from flowers can be inadequate in concentration and composition. Therefore, honey bees may drink ‘dirty water’ from natural sources such as puddles. Some research has attempted to simulate this through honey bee bioassays, but to date, these have tested minerals individually, not as mixtures as would occur in nature. Here, for the first time, we use honey bees in bioassays in which a range of mineral mixtures are presented together in choice experiments.2. Six minerals (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, NH4Cl, and KH2PO4) were used in mixtures to simulate different mineral stoichiometries, which may occur in ‘dirty water’, such as puddles, from which honey bees often drink. Based on the honey bee mineral tolerance ranges from the literature, these mixtures were offered in aqueous solutions at low, medium, high, and mixed molar concentrations. Deionised water and sucrose were neutral and positive controls, respectively. Petri dishes were set up in containers in a laboratory. Twenty worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were placed into each container and observed for drinking behaviour for 1 h.3. Honey bees preferred the mixed molar treatment comprising a high Na:K ratio, a medium molarity of NaCl and a low molarity of the other minerals. This novel finding suggests that mixed mineral ‘dirty water’ should be investigated on a larger scale with multiple hives in the field and highlights the importance of stoichiometrically balanced honey bee diets.
Parental dietary sucrose affects metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activities in Drosophila
Authors: Strilbytska Olha M. , Strutynska Tetiana R. , Semaniuk Uliana V. , Burdyliuk Nadia I. , Storey Kenneth B. , Lushchak Oleh V. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe influence of parental nutrition as a key environmental factor that can influence offspring performance has become a hot topic for modern investigations. In the current study using fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, we found the sucrose concentration of the diet in the parental generation had a significant influence on the metabolism and antioxidant defense of the next generation, even when that subsequent generation had been shifted to a standard diet. We found that low concentrations of dietary carbohydrate in the parental generation led to higher activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and alanine transaminase (ALT) enzymes and increased urea content in their progeny. Moreover, higher activities of the first‐ and second‐line antioxidant defense enzymes were detected in F1 males generated from parents fed a low‐carbohydrate diet. Low sucrose concentration in the parental diet resulted in increased levels of protein thiols but decreased the low‐molecular‐weight thiol group content in F1 males. The influence of different dietary sucrose concentrations also resulted in sex‐dependent differences, where MDH, ALT, glutathione‐S‐transferase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities and levels of thiol groups were unaffected in F1 females. The results highlight the transgenerational influence that specific dietary macronutrients provided in the parental diet, namely carbohydrates, can have on the next generation, influencing enzyme activities, metabolic pathways and antioxidant defenses in progeny Drosophila.
Immunohistochemical markers for histopathological diagnosis and differentiation of acute cutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Wegner Joanna , Weidenthaler‐Barth Beate , Engelbert Julia , Knothe Max , Braun Claudia , Helbig Doris , Sacher Christopher , Kreft Andreas , Wagner Eva M. , Ziemer Mirjana , Meyer Ralf G. , von Stebut Esther 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGraft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) is a major complication following stem‐cell or solid‐organ transplantation. Accurate diagnosis of cutaneous GvHD is challenging, given that drug eruptions and viral rashes may present with similar clinical/histological manifestations. Specific markers are not available. We performed the histological examination of biopsy samples from acute GvHD (aGvHD; n = 54), Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN; n = 27), maculopapular drug eruption (MDE; n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 26). Samples of aGvHD showed a decrease in Langerhans cells (LC, p = 0.0001) and an increase in macrophages (MΦ, p = 0.0001) compared to healthy skin. Compared to SJS/TEN, MDE and healthy skin, aGvHD biopsies contained greater numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The majority of CD4+ T‐helper cells were localized in the upper dermis, whereas cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were found in the epidermis. Increased numbers of CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells in the upper dermis of aGvHD skin (p = 0.007) were not observed in controls or SJS/TEN and MDE. There were no differences in elafin staining between aGvHD and the latter two conditions. Acute GvHD appears to have a distinct inflammatory cell profile (T cells/NK cells) that may aid establishing in a more accurate diagnosis, especially when used to rule out differential diagnoses such as SJS/TEN or MDE.
Divorced and separated parents during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Goldberg Abbie E. , Allen Katherine R. , Smith JuliAnna Z. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused significant stress for individuals, couples, and families. Divorced and separated couples with children face unique stresses amid the pandemic. This mixed‐methods study explored these challenges among 296 divorced and separated parents: namely 204 women formerly partnered with men, 34 men formerly partnered with women, and 58 women formerly partnered with women, who were surveyed during Summer/Fall of 2020. Participants described legal, financial, and coparenting challenges. Those who were not yet divorced described difficulties filing for or finalizing their divorce because of court closures and lack of responsiveness from legal professionals. Those who were already divorced also faced legal challenges, such as being unable to obtain a court date to modify custody arrangements. Financial challenges included renegotiating financial support obligations in the context of job loss. Salient coparenting conflicts, explored through closed‐ and open‐ended questions, included communication issues, different views on virus risk mitigation behaviors, financial issues (especially for those not yet divorced), and transitioning between households and handling remote schooling (especially for those with shared physical custody). Participants elaborated on COVID‐19‐specific challenges, revealing that (a) lack of communication or agreement regarding shared strategies for risk mitigation reflected and exacerbated challenging dynamics between coparents, (b) remote schooling was often the site of disagreement when one parent felt that they were doing more than their fair share of coordination and oversight, and (c) different perspectives on science were expected to lead to future contention when making a joint decision about whether to vaccinate children. Findings have implications for family and legal professionals working with divorced, divorcing, and separated parents.
Microscopic and macroscopic analyses of the interaction mechanism between defect growth and dislocation emission in single‐crystal aluminum
Authors: Li Xiaotao , Peng Shenyou , Zhang Xu , Jiang Xiaoyu , Wang Qingyuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study on the interaction between defects and dislocation emission is of significance to predict the behaviors of fracture and plastic deformation in crystalline metals; however, the multiscale interaction mechanism has not been well understood. In this work, based on molecular dynamics simulation and distributed dislocation technique, the interaction mechanism between dislocation emission and a crack or a void is studied at the atomic and continuum scales. The results show that dislocation emission can change the mode of crack growth, i.e., from brittle to ductile, and the emitted dislocations cause crack‐tip blunt and decrease stress concentration near the defects. The increment of void growth is completely contributed by dislocation emission, and it can be predicted by the characteristics of dislocation emission. This work reveals the influence mechanism of dislocation emission on failure behaviors and deepens the understanding of the interaction between dislocation emission and defects.
Pedagogical content knowledge: A systematic review of Chinese language pronunciation teaching in the CFL context
Authors: Li Linghong , Valcke Martin , Dessein Bart , Badan Linda , Anderl Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe increasing attention on Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) pronunciation instruction gives us an opportunity to look into the current directions of teaching CFL and the specific instructional pronunciation strategies employed by CFL teachers. This paper offers a review of empirical evidence on the use and impact of instructional pronunciation strategies in the CFL field from 1980 to 2019. Our findings reveal that: (1) controlled segmental‐based strategies—such as comparative strategies, listening, and repeating strategies—are used widely and effectively to improve pronunciation of Chinese initials and finals; (2) suprasegmental‐based strategies, especially computer‐assisted strategies, largely improve CFL students' tone accuracy; and (3) the validity of assessments in quantitative studies needs to be further developed by including comparative groups, making tests before and after instructions, and involving discourse assessment contents.
An analysis of high‐resolution modelled wave heights along the South African south coast suggests recent deterioration of sea state
Authors: Tara Lyttle Casey , Rautenbach Christo , Backeberg Björn , Jarre Astrid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding climate variability and change together with fishing activities through high‐resolution scientific information and local observations can help implement and sustain improved coastal marine management strategies. Ethnographic data collected between 2010 and 2016 during previous studies with traditional handline fishers on South Africa's south coast suggest that fishers recently observed a deterioration in sea state and a reduction in sea days. Many fishers attributed this deterioration to increased climate variability. The fishers also suggested experiencing increased difficulty when leaving the nearshore through river mouths due to higher waves and stronger winds. The current study investigated these oceanic changes in terms of wave height variability and trends, using high resolution modelled wave data of the south coast for the period 1997–2013. Considering the fishers' perspectives, wave heights near their main launch sites during their main fishing season (austral summer) were focussed on. During the mid‐to‐late 2000s, a positive regime shift of summer nearshore wave heights occurred along the south coast and a statistically significant positive trend in summer nearshore wave heights occurred during the study period. These results support the local fishers’ observations suggesting that the sea state had been deteriorating, in terms of higher summer nearshore waves. While the magnitude of the observed change is not critical to small‐boat fisheries in the area at present, it may contribute to the decrease in available sea days and hence, adds to the stressors in the commercial and small‐scale sectors, further increasing their vulnerability to change.
Ambient climate determines the directional trend of community stability under warming and grazing
Authors: Liu Peipei , Lv Wangwang , Sun Jianping , Luo Caiyun , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhu Xiaoxue , Lin Xingwu , Duan Jichuang , Xu Guangping , Chang Xiaofeng , Hu Yigang , Lin Qiaoyan , Xu Burenbayin , Guo Xiaowei , Jiang Lili , Wang Yanfen , Piao Shilong , Wang Jinzhi , Niu Haishan , Shen Liyong , Zhou Yang , Li Bowen , Zhang Lirong , Hong Huan , Wang Qi , Wang A. , Zhang Suren , Xia Lu , Dorji Tsechoe , Li Yingnian , Cao Guangming , Peñuelas Josep , Zhao Xinquan , Wang Shiping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChanges in ecological processes over time in ambient treatments are often larger than the responses to manipulative treatments in climate change experiments. However, the impacts of human‐driven environmental changes on the stability of natural grasslands have been typically assessed by comparing differences between manipulative plots and reference plots. Little is known about whether or how ambient climate regulates the effects of manipulative treatments and their underlying mechanisms. We collected two datasets, one a 36‐year long‐term observational dataset from 1983 to 2018, and the other a 10‐year manipulative asymmetric warming and grazing experiment using infrared heaters with moderate grazing from 2006 to 2015 in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. The 36‐year observational dataset shows that there was a nonlinear response of community stability to ambient temperature with a positive relationship between them due to an increase in ambient temperature in the first 25 years and then a decrease in ambient temperature thereafter. Warming and grazing decreased community stability with experiment duration through an increase in legume cover and a decrease in species asynchrony, which was due to the decreasing background temperature through time during the 10‐year experiment period. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of community stability was higher under the ambient treatment than under the manipulative treatments. Therefore, our results suggested that ambient climate may control the directional trend of community stability while manipulative treatments may determine the temperature sensitivity of the response of community stability to climate relative to the ambient treatment. Our study emphasizes the importance of the context dependency of the response of community stability to human‐driven environmental changes.