bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Faszientraktion (IFT) zur Behandlung großer ventraler Hernien
Authors: Niebuhr Henning , Malaibari Zaid Omar , Köckerling Ferdinand , Reinpold Wolfgang , Dag Halil , Eucker Dietmar , Aufenberg Thomas , Fikatas Panagiotis , Fortelny René H. , Kukleta Jan , Meier Hansjörg , Flamm Christian , Baschleben Guido , Helmedag Marius 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel
Es sollen die Effektivität, klinische Praktikabilität und Komplikationsrate der intraoperativen Faszientraktion (IFT) in der Behandlung großer ventraler Hernien untersucht werden.

Methode
In der Untersuchung wurden 50 Patienten aus 11 spezialisierten Zentren mit einem direkt gemessenen Faszienabstand von mehr als 8 cm ausgewertet, die mittels einer IFT (Traktionszeit 30–35 min) unter Verwendung des fasciotens® Hernia-Zugverfahrens (fasciotens Gmbh, Essen, Deutschland) behandelt wurden.

Ergebnisse
Die präoperativ gemessenen Faszienabstände betrugen 8–44 cm, wobei die meisten Patienten (94 %) einen Faszienabstand über 10 cm aufwiesen (W3 nach Klassifikation der European Hernia Society). Der durchschnittliche Faszienabstand wurde von 16,1 ± 0,8 auf 5,8 ± 0,7 cm reduziert (Streckengewinn 10,2 ± 0,7 cm, p < 0,0001, Wilcoxon-matched-pairs-signed-ranks-Test). Bei drei Viertel der Patienten konnte eine Reduktion des Faszienabstands um mindestens 50 % erreicht werden, und bei der Hälfte der behandelten Patienten betrug die Reduktion des Faszienabstands sogar über 70 %. Die durch die IFT nach einer mittleren Operationsdauer von 207,3 ± 11,0 min erreichte Verschlussrate betrug 90 % (45/50). Der Hernienverschluss erfolgte in allen Fällen mittels einer Netzaugmentation in Sublay-Position. Postoperative Komplikationen traten bei 6 Patienten auf (12 %). Bei 3 Patienten (6 %) war jeweils eine Reoperation erforderlich.

Schlussfolgerung
Mit der beschriebenen IFT steht ein neues Verfahren für die Bauchwanddehnung bei großen ventralen Hernien zur Verfügung. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt eine hohe Effektivität der IFT bei guter klinischer Praktikabilität und niedriger Komplikationsrate.
Foundation forces caused by dynamic air gap torques of converter driven induction motors influenced by active vibration control: a theoretical analysis
Authors: Werner Ulrich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the paper, a theoretical analysis regarding foundation forces caused by dynamic air gap torques of converter-driven induction motors, influenced by active vibration control, is shown. Based on a plane model, where actuators are placed between the motor feet and steel frame foundation and where the vertical motor feet accelerations are controlled, a mathematical description in the time domain, Laplace domain, and Fourier domain is presented, as well as a block diagram for numerical simulation. A numerical example is shown, where a 2-pole induction motor (2 MW) is analyzed for different cases—motor directly mounted on a steel frame foundation (case 1), actuators between motor feet and foundation, operating passively (case 2) and actively (case 3). It could be shown, that with the presented active vibration control concept the foundation forces due to dynamic air gap torques can be clearly reduced.
Impaction bone grafting for segmental acetabular defects: a biomechanical study
Authors: Nele Wagener , Martina Fritsch , Stefan Reinicke , Frank Layher , Georg Matziolis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Implant loosening is the most common indication for revision after total hip arthroplasty and is associated with progressive bone destruction. Contained defects can be treated with impaction bone grafting (IBG). Segmental defects are successfully restored with metal augmentation. Considering the increasing number of hip arthroplasty cases in young patients, it would appear sensible to reconstruct the bone stock for future revisions by biological bone defect reduction. The data on the treatment of segmental defects with IBG without additional stabilization are lacking.

Materials and methods
Paprosky type IIB defects were milled into 15 porcine hemipelves with segmental defect angles of 40°, 80° and 120°. Contained defects without segmental defects (Paprosky type I) and acetabula without defects served as controls. After IBG, a cemented polyethylene cup (PE) was implanted in each case. Cup migration, rotational stiffness and maximum rupture torque were determined under physiological loading conditions after 2500 cycles.

Results
Compared with the control without defects, IBG cups showed an asymptotic migration of 0.26 mm ± 0.11 mm on average. This seating was not dependent on the size of the defect. The maximum rupture moment was also not dependent on the defect size for cups after IBG. In contrast, the torsional stiffness of cups with an 120° segmental defect angle was significantly lower than in the control group without defects. All other defects did not differ in torsional stiffness from the control without defects.

Conclusions
IBG did not show inferior biomechanical properties in segmental type IIB defect angles up to 80°, compared to cups without defects.
Alternative tissue fixation for combined histopathological and molecular analysis in a clinically representative setting
Authors: Meecham Amelia , Miranda Elena , Morris Hayley T. , Hair Jane , Oien Karin A. , Gerrard Gareth , Guppy Naomi , Mooney David , Shaw Emily C. , Ashton-Key Margaret , Lees Robert , Flanagan Adrienne , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFormalin is the principal tissue fixative used worldwide for clinical and research purposes. Despite optimal preservation of morphology, its preservation of DNA and RNA is poor. As clinical diagnostics increasingly incorporates molecular-based analysis, the requirement for maintaining nucleic acid quality is of increasing importance. Here we assess an alternative non-formalin-based tissue fixation method, PAXgene Tissue system, with the aim of better preserving nucleic acids, while maintaining the quality of the tissue to be used for vital existing diagnostic techniques. In this study, these criteria are assessed in a clinically representative setting. In total, 203 paired PAXgene Tissue and formalin-fixed samples were obtained. Blind-scored haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections showed comparable and acceptable staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was suboptimal using existing protocols but improved with minor method adjustment and optimisation. Quality of DNA and RNA was significantly improved by PAXgene tissue fixation [RIN 2.8 versus 3.8 (p < 0.01), DIN 5.68 versus 6.77 (p < 0.001)], which translated into improved performance on qPCR assay. These results demonstrate the potential of PAXgene Tissue to be used routinely in place of formalin, maintaining adequate histological staining and significantly improving the preservation of biological molecules in the genomic era.
Epigenetic upregulation of TET2 is an independent poor prognostic factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yamashita Hironori , Tourna Aikaterini , Akita Masayuki , Itoh Tomoo , Chokshi Shilpa , Ajiki Tetsuo , Fukumoto Takumi , Youngson Neil A. , Zen Yoh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMutations in IDH1/2 and the epigenetic silencing of TET2 occur in leukaemia or glioma in a mutually exclusive manner. Although intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) may harbour IDH1/2 mutations, the contribution of TET2 to carcinogenesis remains unknown. In the present study, the expression and promoter methylation of TET2 were investigated in iCCA. The expression of TET2 was assessed in 52 cases of iCCA (small-duct type, n = 33; large-duct type, n = 19) by quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and a sequencing-based methylation assay, and its relationships with clinicopathological features and alterations in cancer-related genes (e.g., KRAS and IDH1) were investigated. In contrast to non-neoplastic bile ducts, which were negative for TET2 on IHC, 42 cases (81%) of iCCA showed the nuclear overexpression of TET2. Based on IHC scores (area × intensity), these cases were classified as TET2-high (n = 25) and TET2-low (n = 27). The histological type, tumour size, lymph node metastasis and frequency of mutations in cancer-related genes did not significantly differ between the two groups. Overall and recurrence-free survival were significantly worse in patients with TET2-high iCCA than in those with TET2-low iCCA. A multivariate analysis identified the high expression of TET2 as an independent prognostic factor (HR = 2.94; p = 0.007). The degree of methylation at two promoter CpG sites was significantly less in TET2-high iCCA than in TET2-low iCCA or non-cancer tissue. In conclusion, in contrast to other IDH-related neoplasms, TET2 overexpression is common in iCCA of both subtypes, and its high expression, potentially induced by promoter hypomethylation, is an independent poor prognostic factor.
Craniofacial morphology and growth in Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and TCF12-related craniosynostosis
Authors: Choi T. M. , Lijten O. W. , Mathijssen I. M. J. , Wolvius E. B. , Ongkosuwito E. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To determine whether the midface of patients with Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, or TCF12-related craniosynostosis is hypoplastic compared to skeletal facial proportions of a Dutch control group.

Material and methods
We included seventy-four patients (43 patients with Muenke syndrome, 22 patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and 9 patients with TCF12-related craniosynostosis) who were referred between 1990 and 2020 (age range 4.84 to 16.83 years) and were treated at the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Children’s Hospital Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The control group consisted of 208 healthy children.

Results
Cephalometric values comprising the midface were decreased in Muenke syndrome (ANB: β = –1.87, p = 0.001; and PC1: p < 0,001), Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (ANB: β = –1.76, p = 0.001; and PC1: p < 0.001), and TCF12-related craniosynostosis (ANB: β = –1.70, p = 0.015; and PC1: p < 0.033).

Conclusions
In this study, we showed that the midface is hypoplastic in Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and TCF12-related craniosynostosis compared to the Dutch control group. Furthermore, the rotation of the maxilla and the typical craniofacial buildup is significantly different in these three craniosynostosis syndromes compared to the controls.

Clinical relevance
The maxillary growth in patients with Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, or TCF12-related craniosynostosis is impaired, leading to a deviant dental development. Therefore, timely orthodontic follow-up is recommended. In order to increase expertise and support treatment planning by medical and dental specialists for these patients, and also because of the specific differences between the syndromes, we recommend the management of patients with Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, or TCF12-related craniosynostosis in specialized multidisciplinary teams.
Implementation of transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for rectal neoplasms: results from a single centre
Authors: Lossius W. , Stornes T. , Bernstein T. E. , Wibe A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Local excisions are important in a tailored approach to treatment of rectal neoplasms. In cases of low risk T1 local excision facilitates rectal-preserving treatment. Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is the most recent alternative developed for local excision. In this study we evaluate the results after implementing TAMIS as the routine procedure for local excision of rectal neoplasms.

Methods
All patients who underwent TAMIS from January 2016 to January 2020 at St. Olav’s University Hospital were included, and clinical, pathological and oncological data were prospectively registered. The primary endpoint was local recurrence, and the secondary endpoint was complications.

Results
There were 76 patients (42 men, mean age was 69 years [range 26–88 years]), The mean tumour level was 82 mm (range 20–140 mm) from the anal verge measured on rigid proctoscopy, and mean tumour size was 32 mm (range 8–73 mm). Three patients experienced complications needing intervention (Clavien–Dindo > 3A). Seventeen patients had rectal adenocarcinoma, 9 of whom underwent R0 completion total mesorectal excision (cTME). Fifty-five patients had an adenoma, 3 of whom developed recurrence (5.4%) within 12 months. All recurrences were treated successfully with a new TAMIS procedure. In addition, TAMIS was used in treatment of 2 patients with a neuroendocrine tumour, 1 patient with a haemangioma and 1 patient with a solitary rectal ulcer.

Conclusions
TAMIS surgery is associated with a low risk of complications and a low recurrence rate in rectal neoplasms. In cases of adenocarcinoma, R0 cTME surgery is feasible in the sub-group with high risk T1 and T2 tumours.
A fractional version of Rivière’s GL(n)-gauge
Authors: Da Lio Francesca , Mazowiecka Katarzyna , Schikorra Armin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe prove that for antisymmetric vector field$$\Omega $$Ωwith small$$L^2$$L2-norm there exists a gauge$$A \in L^\infty \cap {\dot{W}}^{1/2,2}({\mathbb {R}}^1,GL(N))$$A∈L∞∩W˙1/2,2(R1,GL(N))such that$$\begin{aligned} {\text {div}}_{\frac{1}{2}} (A\Omega - d_{\frac{1}{2}} A) = 0. \end{aligned}$$div12(AΩ-d12A)=0.This extends a celebrated theorem by Rivière to the nonlocal case and provides conservation laws for a class of nonlocal equations with antisymmetric potentials, as well as stability under weak convergence.
Socioeconomic differences in informal caregiving in Europe
Authors: Quashie Nekehia T. , Wagner Melanie , Verbakel Ellen , Deindl Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDisclosing socioeconomic differences in informal care provision is increasingly important in aging societies as it helps to identify the segments of the population that may need targeted support and the types of national investments to support family caregivers. This study examines the association between individual-level socioeconomic status and informal care provision within the household. We also examine the role of contextual factors, income inequality, and the generosity of social spending, to identify how macro-level socioeconomic resource structures shape individuals’ provision of care to household members. We use pooled data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, waves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, waves 2, 3, 4, 6, 7). Poisson regression multilevel models estimate the associations between household socioeconomic status (education, income, and wealth), and country socioeconomic resources (income inequality and social spending as a percentage of GDP), and the likelihood of older adults’ informal care provision within the household. Results indicate that lower individual socioeconomic resources—education, income, and wealth—were associated with a higher incidence of older adults’ informal care provision within the household. At the macro-level, income inequality was positively associated while social spending was negatively associated with older adults’ care provision within the household. Our findings suggest that socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are more likely to provide informal care, which may reinforce socioeconomic inequalities. At the national level, more equitable resource distribution and social spending may reduce intensive family caregiving.
An Experimental Model for the Study of Underwater Pressure Waves on the Central Nervous System in Rodents: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Günther Mattias , Arborelius Ulf , Risling Mårten , Gustavsson Jenny , Sondén Anders 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderwater blast differs from blast in air. The increased density and viscosity of water relative to air cause injuries to occur almost exclusively as primary blast, and may cause disorientation in a diver, which may lead to inability to protect the airway and cause drowning. However, cognitive impairments from under water blast wave exposure have not been properly investigated, and no experimental model has been described. We established an experimental model (water shock tube) for simulating the effects of underwater blast pressure waves in rodents, and to investigate neurology in relation to organ injury. The model produced standardized pressure waves (duration of the primary peak 3.5 ms, duration of the entire complex waveform including all subsequent reflections 325 ms, mean impulse 141–281 kPa-ms, mean peak pressure 91–194 kPa). 31 rats were randomized to control (n = 6), exposure 90 kPa (n = 8), 152 kPa (n = 8), and 194 kPa (n = 9). There was a linear trend between the drop height of the water shock tube and electroencephalography (EEG) changes (p = 0.014), while no differences in oxygen saturation, heart rate, S100b or macroscopic bleedings were detected. Microscopic bleedings were detected in lung, intestines, and meninges. Underwater pressure waves caused changes in EEG, at pressures when mild hemorrhage occurred in organs, suggesting an impact on brain functions. The consistent injury profile enabled for the addition of future experimental interventions.
Coalescent angiogenesis—evidence for a novel concept of vascular network maturation
Authors: Nitzsche Bianca , Rong Wen Wei , Goede Andrean , Hoffmann Björn , Scarpa Fabio , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Secomb Timothy W. , Pries Axel R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAngiogenesis describes the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vascular structures. While the most studied mode of angiogenesis is vascular sprouting, specific conditions or organs favor intussusception, i.e., the division or splitting of an existing vessel, as preferential mode of new vessel formation. In the present study, sustained (33-h) intravital microscopy of the vasculature in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) led to the hypothesis of a novel non-sprouting mode for vessel generation, which we termed “coalescent angiogenesis.” In this process, preferential flow pathways evolve from isotropic capillary meshes enclosing tissue islands. These preferential flow pathways progressively enlarge by coalescence of capillaries and elimination of internal tissue pillars, in a process that is the reverse of intussusception. Concomitantly, less perfused segments regress. In this way, an initially mesh-like capillary network is remodeled into a tree structure, while conserving vascular wall components and maintaining blood flow. Coalescent angiogenesis, thus, describes the remodeling of an initial, hemodynamically inefficient mesh structure, into a hierarchical tree structure that provides efficient convective transport, allowing for the rapid expansion of the vasculature with maintained blood supply and function during development.
An empirical investigation of command-line customization
Authors: Schröder Michael , Cito Jürgen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe interactive command line, also known as the shell, is a prominent mechanism used extensively by a wide range of software professionals (engineers, system administrators, data scientists, etc.). Shell customizations can therefore provide insight into the tasks they repeatedly perform, how well the standard environment supports those tasks, and ways in which the environment could be productively extended or modified. To characterize the patterns and complexities of command-line customization, we mined the collective knowledge of command-line users by analyzing more than 2.2 million shell alias definitions found on GitHub. Shell aliases allow command-line users to customize their environment by defining arbitrarily complex command substitutions. Using inductive coding methods, we found three types of aliases that each enable a number of customization practices:Shortcuts(fornicknaming commands,abbreviating subcommands, andbookmarking locations),Modifications(forsubstituting commands,overriding defaults,colorizing output, andelevating privilege), andScripts(fortransforming dataandchaining subcommands). We conjecture that identifying common customization practices can point to particular usability issues within command-line programs, and that a deeper understanding of these practices can support researchers and tool developers in designing better user experiences. In addition to our analysis, we provide an extensive reproducibility package in the form of a curated dataset together with well-documented computational notebooks enabling further knowledge discovery and a basis for learning approaches to improve command-line workflows.
Deconstructing the Phantom: Duhem and the Scientific Realism Debate
Authors: Kotowski Mateusz , Szlachcic Krzysztof 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor many decades, Duhem has been considered a paradigmatic instrumentalist, and while some commentators have argued against classifying him in this way, it still seems prevalent as an interpretation of his philosophy of science. Yet such a construal bears scant resemblance to the views presented in his own works—so little, indeed, that it might be said to constitute no more than a mere phantom with respect to his actual thought. In this article, we aim to deconstruct this phantom, tracing the sources of the misconceptions surrounding his ideas and pinpointing the sources and/or causes of its proliferation. We subsequently point out and discuss those elements of his philosophy that, taken together, support the view of him as a scientific realist of a sophisticated kind. Finally, we defend our own interpretation of his thought against suggestions to the effect that it is oriented towards neither instrumentalism nor scientific realism.
The impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown in the UK for doctoral and early career researchers
Authors: Jackman Patricia C. , Sanderson Rebecca , Haughey Tandy J. , Brett Caroline E. , White Naomi , Zile Amy , Tyrrell Katie , Byrom Nicola C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDoctoral researchers and early career researchers (ECRs) are crucial to producing scientific advancements and represent the future of academic leadership. Their research endeavours were changed radically by lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived benefits and challenges of the national lockdown in the UK from the perspective of doctoral researchers and ECRs. We present analysis of qualitative survey data from 1,142 doctoral researchers and ECRs on their experiences of the first UK lockdown collected from April 16, 2020–May 14, 2020. Our findings suggest considerable heterogeneity in how the pandemic impacted this key group of academic workers. Challenges arising from the lockdown largely cohered around a poor work environment, limited access to resources, perceptions of pressure, and negative psychological outcomes. Conversely, respondents also highlighted several benefits in the early stages of the pandemic, with the change to working from home creating more time, resulting in greater productivity and a better work-life balance. Collectively, findings indicate the importance of considering the personal circumstances and needs of individual researchers. We discuss the implications for support these researchers require to rebuild their careers in the wake of the initial disruption.
Deformed $$\sigma $$-models, Ricci flow and Toda field theories
Authors: Bykov Dmitri , Lüst Dieter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is shown that the Pohlmeyer map of a $$\sigma $$
σ
-model with a toric two-dimensional target space naturally leads to the ‘sausage’ metric. We then elaborate the trigonometric deformation of the $$\mathbb {CP}^{n-1}$$

CP

n
-
1

-model, proving that its T-dual metric is Kähler and solves the Ricci flow equation. Finally, we discuss a relation between flag manifold $$\sigma $$
σ
-models and Toda field theories.