bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster
Authors: Carnegie Ryan B. , Ford Susan E. , Crockett Rita K. , Kingsley-Smith Peter R. , Bienlien Lydia M. , Safi Lúcia S. L. , Whitefleet-Smith Laura A. , Burreson Eugene M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, which causes dermo disease in Crassostrea virginica, is one of the most ecologically important and economically destructive marine pathogens. The rapid and persistent intensification of dermo in the USA in the 1980s has long been enigmatic. Attributed originally to the effects of multi-year drought, climatic factors fail to fully explain the geographic extent of dermo’s intensification or the persistence of its intensified activity. Here we show that emergence of a unique, hypervirulent P. marinus phenotype was associated with the increase in prevalence and intensity of this disease and associated mortality. Retrospective histopathology of 8355 archival oysters from 1960 to 2018 spanning Chesapeake Bay, South Carolina, and New Jersey revealed that a new parasite phenotype emerged between 1983 and 1990, concurrent with major historical dermo disease outbreaks. Phenotypic changes included a shortening of the parasite’s life cycle and a tropism shift from deeper connective tissues to digestive epithelia. The changes are likely adaptive with regard to the reduced oyster abundance and longevity faced by P. marinus after rapid establishment of exotic pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni in 1959. Our findings, we hypothesize, illustrate a novel ecosystem response to a marine parasite invasion: an increase in virulence in a native parasite.
Localized surface plasmon resonance inflection points for improved detection of chemisorption of 1-alkanethiols under total internal reflection scattering microscopy
Authors: Ryu Kyeong Rim , Kim Geun Wan , Ha Ji Won 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlasmonic gold nanoparticles are widely used in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing. When target molecules adsorb to the nanoparticles, they induce a shift in the LSPR scattering spectrum. In conventional LSPR sensing, this shift is monitored at the maximum of the LSPR scattering peak. Herein, we describe the sensitivity of detecting chemisorption of 1-alkanethiols with different chain lengths (1-butanethiol and 1-haxanethiol) on single gold nanorods (AuNRs) of fixed diameter (25 nm) and three different aspect ratios under a total internal reflection scattering microscope. For single AuNRs of all sizes, the inflection point (IF) at the long-wavelength side (or low-energy side) of the LSPR scattering peak showed higher detection sensitivity than the traditionally used peak maximum. The improved sensitivity can be ascribed to the shape change of the LSPR peak when the local refractive index is increased by chemisorption. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of tracking the curvature shapes by monitoring the homogeneous LSPR IF at the red side of the scattering spectrum of single AuNRs.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound attenuates replacement root resorption of avulsed teeth stored in dry condition in dogs
Authors: Seong Saemi , Kim Dohyun , Lee Dasun , Kim Hyung-Ryong , Shin Yooseok 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on replacement root resorption after replantation of avulsed teeth stored in a dry condition in dogs. A total of 73 premolar roots from four male mongrel dogs were intentionally avulsed with forceps and divided into four groups—HN, HL, DN, and DL—according to storage conditions and whether or not they received LIPUS treatment. Thirty-eight roots were kept in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution for 30 min (HN and HL groups), whereas the remaining 35 roots were left to dry in the air for an hour (DN and DL groups) prior to replantation. Following replantation, the roots in the HL and DL groups (21 and 18 roots, respectively) received a 20-min daily LIPUS treatment for 2 weeks. The animals were euthanized 4 weeks after the operation. Micro-computed tomography images were acquired for each root and the amount of replacement root resorption was measured three-dimensionally. Histological assessments were also carried out. There was significantly less replacement root resorption for the roots in the DL group compared to the DN group (p < 0.01). Histological findings in the DN group demonstrated evident replacement root resorption, whereas the DL group revealed less severe resorption compared to the DN group. Within the limitations, these results suggest that LIPUS could attenuate the replacement resorption of avulsed teeth stored in a dry condition, thereby improving their prognosis.
Inconsistent response of bacterial phyla diversity and abundance to soil salinity in a Chinese delta
Authors: Yang Chao , Li Kangjia , Lv Dantong , Jiang Shenyi , Sun Junqi , Lin Hao , Sun Juan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoil salinization is an increasingly serious problem and decreases crop yields in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), but its effects on bacterial community and diversity at the phylum level are not well known. We used high-throughput sequencing of soil bacterial 16S rRNA to identify soil bacterial communities and diversity across a gradient of soil salinity (electrical conductivity), namely, S1: low salinity level (1.78 ds/m), S2: medium salinity level (3.16 ds/m), S3: high salinity level (17.26 ds/m), S4: extreme salinity level (34.41 ds/m), and a non-salted site as the control (CK, 0.92 ds/m). Our results indicated the significantly higher values of soil C/N ratio in S2, S3, and S4 compared with that in CK. Significantly lower values of the Shannon and Chao 1 indexes were observed in S4 compared with the CK (p < 0.05). High salinity decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, but increased that of Gemmatimonadetes and Bacteroidetes. Additionally, the Shannon diversity of Bacteroidetes increased by 15.5% in S4 compared with that in the CK. Our results indicate that soil salt is a main factor regulating bacterial phyla diversity and community in the extremely saline-alkaline soils of YRD. The high abundance and diversity of Bacteroidetes can be used for saline-alkali land restoration.
Glucocorticoid-mediated induction of caveolin-1 disrupts cytoskeletal organization, inhibits cell migration and re-epithelialization of non-healing wounds
Authors: Jozic Ivan , Abujamra Beatriz Abdo , Elliott Michael H. , Wikramanayake Tongyu C. , Marjanovic Jelena , Stone Rivka C. , Head Cheyanne R. , Pastar Irena , Kirsner Robert S. , Andreopoulos Fotios M. , Musi Juan P. , Tomic-Canic Marjana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough impaired keratinocyte migration is a recognized hallmark of chronic wounds, the molecular mechanisms underpinning impaired cell movement are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that both diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and venous leg ulcers (VLUs) exhibit global deregulation of cytoskeletal organization in genomic comparison to normal skin and acute wounds. Interestingly, we found that DFUs and VLUs exhibited downregulation of ArhGAP35, which serves both as an inactivator of RhoA and as a glucocorticoid repressor. Since chronic wounds exhibit elevated levels of cortisol and caveolin-1 (Cav1), we posited that observed elevation of Cav1 expression may contribute to impaired actin-cytoskeletal signaling, manifesting in aberrant keratinocyte migration. We showed that Cav1 indeed antagonizes ArhGAP35, resulting in increased activation of RhoA and diminished activation of Cdc42, which can be rescued by Cav1 disruption. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both inducible keratinocyte specific Cav1 knockout mice, and MβCD treated diabetic mice, exhibit accelerated wound closure. Taken together, our findings provide a previously unreported mechanism by which Cav1-mediated cytoskeletal organization prevents wound closure in patients with chronic wounds.
Construction of a five-gene prognostic model based on immune-related genes for the prediction of survival in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liu Bo , Fu Tingting , He Ping , Du Chengyou , Xu Ke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To identify differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) and construct a model with survival-related DEIRGs for evaluating the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC).
Methods: Six microarray gene expression datasets of PC from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort) were used to identify DEIRGs. RNA sequencing and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program-Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PAAD) database were used to establish the prognostic model. Univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to determine the final variables of the prognostic model. The median risk score was used as the cut-off value to classify samples into low- and high-risk groups. The prognostic model was further validated using an internal validation set of TCGA and an external validation set of GSE62452.
Results: In total, 142 DEIRGs were identified from six GEO datasets, 47 were survival-related DEIRGs. A prognostic model comprising five genes (i.e., ERAP2, CXCL9, AREG, DKK1, and IL20RB) was established. High-risk patients had poor survival compared with low-risk patients. The 1-, 2-, 3-year area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the model reached 0.85, 0.87, and 0.93, respectively. Additionally, the prognostic model reflected the infiltration of neutrophils and dendritic cells. The expression of most characteristic immune checkpoints was significantly higher in the high-risk group versus the low-risk group.
Conclusions: The five-gene prognostic model showed reliably predictive accuracy. This model may provide useful information for immunotherapy and facilitate personalized monitoring for patients with PC.
mem-iLID, a fast and economic protein purification method
Authors: Tang Ruijing , Yang Shang , Nagel Georg , Gao Shiqiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Protein purification is the vital basis to study the function, structure and interaction of proteins. Widely used methods are affinity chromatography-based purifications, which require different chromatography columns and harsh conditions, such as acidic pH and/or adding imidazole or high salt concentration, to elute and collect the purified proteins. Here we established an easy and fast purification method for soluble proteins under mild conditions, based on the light-induced protein dimerization system improved light-induced dimer (iLID), which regulates protein binding and release with light. We utilize the biological membrane, which can be easily separated by centrifugation, as the port to anchor the target proteins. In Xenopus laevis oocyte and Escherichia coli, the blue light-sensitive part of iLID, AsLOV2-SsrA, was targeted to the plasma membrane by different membrane anchors. The other part of iLID, SspB, was fused with the protein of interest (POI) and expressed in the cytosol. The SspB-POI can be captured to the membrane fraction through light-induced binding to AsLOV2-SsrA and then released purely to fresh buffer in the dark after simple centrifugation and washing. This method, named mem-iLID, is very flexible in scale and economic. We demonstrate the quickly obtained yield of two pure and fully functional enzymes: a DNA polymerase and a light-activated adenylyl cyclase. Furthermore, we also designed a new SspB mutant for better dissociation and less interference with the POI, which could potentially facilitate other optogenetic manipulations of protein–protein interaction.
Cooperative control of deadbeat predictive and state error port‐controlled Hamiltonian method for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives
Authors: Zhao Yujiao , Yu Haisheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, a cooperative control combining deadbeat predictive control (DBPC) and state error port‐controlled Hamiltonian (EPCH) method is presented for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. This effective combination is achieved by a cooperation scheme based on the error function. First, the DBPC is introduced to provide a fast dynamic response, and the state EPCH method based on the loss model is constructed to get good steady‐state performance and high efficiency. After that, to combine the advantages of both controllers, the improved sigmoid function based on real‐time position error is designed as a cooperative scheme. Each control method can be utilised effectively within the corresponding range. Meanwhile, the switching process is continuous and smooth without unnecessary chattering. Thus, the proposed method not only solves the contradiction between dynamic and steady performance but also optimises energy consumption. Finally, the proposed method is verified experimentally. The results show that the motor control system based on the proposed method has fast dynamic transient response and good steady‐state performance with high efficiency.
Comparison of multifrequency positions of extragalactic sources from ICRF3 andGaiaEDR3
Authors: Liu N. , Lambert S. B. , Charlot P. , Zhu Z. , Liu J.-C. , Jiang N. , Wan X.-S. , Ding C.-Y. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Comparisons of optical positions derived from theGaiamission and radio positions measured by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) probe the structure of active galactic nuclei (AGN) on the milliarcsecond scale. So far, these comparisons have focused on using theS∕X-band (2/8 GHz) radio positions, but did not take advantage of the VLBI positions that exist at higher radio frequencies, namely atK-band (24 GHz) andX∕Ka-band (8/32 GHz).Aims.We extend previous works by considering two additional radio frequencies (K-band andX∕Ka-band) with the aim to study the frequency dependence of the source positions and its potential connection with the physical properties of the underlying AGN.Methods.We compared the absolute source positions measured at four different wavelengths, that is, the optical position from theGaiaEarly Data Release 3 (EDR3) and the radio positions at theS∕X-,K-, andX∕Ka-band, as available from the third realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3), for 512 common sources. We first aligned the three ICRF3 individual catalogs to theGaiaEDR3 frame and compared the optical-to-radio offsets before and after the alignment. Then we studied the correlation of optical-to-radio offsets with the observing (radio) frequency, source morphology, magnitude, redshift, and source type.Results.The deviation among optical-to-radio offsets determined in the different radio bands is less than 0.5 mas, but there is statistical evidence that the optical-to-radio offset is smaller atK-band compared toS∕X-band for sources showing extended structures. The optical-to-radio offset was found to statistically correlate with the structure index. Large optical-to-radio offsets appear to favor faint sources, but are well explained by positional uncertainty, which is also larger for these sources. We did not detect any statistically significant correlation between the optical-to-radio offset and the redshift.Conclusions.The radio source structure appears to be a major cause for the radio-to-optical offset. For the alignment of theGaiacelestial reference frame, theS∕X-band frame remains the preferred choice at present.
STIX X-ray microflare observations during the Solar Orbiter commissioning phase
Authors: Battaglia Andrea Francesco , Saqri Jonas , Massa Paolo , Perracchione Emma , Dickson Ewan C. M. , Xiao Hualin , Veronig Astrid M. , Warmuth Alexander , Battaglia Marina , Hurford Gordon J. , Meuris Aline , Limousin Olivier , Etesi László , Maloney Shane A. , Schwartz Richard A. , Kuhar Matej , Schuller Frederic , Senthamizh Pavai Valliappan , Musset Sophie , Ryan Daniel F. , Kleint Lucia , Piana Michele , Massone Anna Maria , Benvenuto Federico , Sylwester Janusz , Litwicka Michalina , Stȩślicki Marek , Mrozek Tomasz , Vilmer Nicole , Fárník František , Kašparová Jana , Mann Gottfried , Gallagher Peter T. , Dennis Brian R. , Csillaghy André , Benz Arnold O. , Krucker Säm 
Published: June 2021

Context.The Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) is the hard X-ray instrument onboard Solar Orbiter designed to observe solar flares over a broad range of flare sizes.Aims.We report the first STIX observations of solar microflares recorded during the instrument commissioning phase in order to investigate the STIX performance at its detection limit.Methods.STIX uses hard X-ray imaging spectroscopy in the range between 4–150 keV to diagnose the hottest flare plasma and related nonthermal electrons. This first result paper focuses on the temporal and spectral evolution of STIX microflares occuring in the Active Region (AR) AR12765 in June 2020, and compares the STIX measurements with Earth-orbiting observatories such as the X-ray Sensor of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES/XRS), the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly of the Solar Dynamics Observatory, and the X-ray Telescope of the Hinode mission.Results.For the observed microflares of the GOES A and B class, the STIX peak time at lowest energies is located in the impulsive phase of the flares, well before the GOES peak time. Such a behavior can either be explained by the higher sensitivity of STIX to higher temperatures compared to GOES, or due to the existence of a nonthermal component reaching down to low energies. The interpretation is inconclusive due to limited counting statistics for all but the largest flare in our sample. For this largest flare, the low-energy peak time is clearly due to thermal emission, and the nonthermal component seen at higher energies occurs even earlier. This suggests that the classic thermal explanation might also be favored for the majority of the smaller flares. In combination with EUV and soft X-ray observations, STIX corroborates earlier findings that an isothermal assumption is of limited validity. Future diagnostic efforts should focus on multi-wavelength studies to derive differential emission measure distributions over a wide range of temperatures to accurately describe the energetics of solar flares.Conclusions.Commissioning observations confirm that STIX is working as designed. As a rule of thumb, STIX detects flares as small as the GOES A class. For flares above the GOES B class, detailed spectral and imaging analyses can be performed.
The architecture of spectacular buildings in the city of Kazan in the context of national and regional traditions
Authors: Kinosyan Natalia , Bashirova Elza 
Published: June 2021

The specificity of the formation of facade and spatial solutions of large spectacular buildings in Kazan is considered in the context of national and regional traditions. Ornamental and decorative systems, adapted to the architectural and artistic styles that existed in this period were identified. The main approaches to the design of large spectacular buildings in the context of national and regional traditions in the architectural practice of Kazan in the middle and the end of the XX century were identified as follows:
- based on the use of the dominant styles in the considered periods (classics with the ideological concept of socialism, modernism, postmodernism), adapted to the architectural traditions of the decorative system of the Middle Volga region;
- based on the use of modern finishing materials – ceramics, majolica, natural stone, which has references to the traditions of facing the facades of Bulgar buildings with limestone and glazed tiles. The architects of the middle and the end of the XX century laid the foundations of modern regional-national architecture and the methodology for the formation of a decorative-artistic system that combines the stylistic techniques of classicism, modernism, postmodernism with techniques which had references to the Bulgar-Tatar traditions.
Risk factors and prevalence of taeniasis among the Karen people of Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province, Thailand
Authors: Kusolsuk Teera , Chaisiri Kittipong , Poodeepiyasawad Akkarin , Sa-Nguankiat Surapol , Homsuwan Nirundorn , Yanagida Tetsuya , Okamoto Munehiro , Watthanakulpanich Dorn , Waikagul Jitra , Dekumyoy Paron , Komalamisra Chalit , Ito Akira 
Published: June 2021

Taeniasis remains a prevalent public health problem in Thailand. National helminthiasis surveys report only the incidence of Taenia spp. eggs. The ability to differentiate Taenia species using morphological and molecular techniques is vital for epidemiological surveys. This study detected taeniasis carriers and other helminthic infections by Kato’s thick smear technique and identified the Taenia species by multiplex PCR. The study subjects were the ethnic Karen people in Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province, Thailand, bordering Myanmar. In total, 983 faecal samples from villagers were examined for helminthiases. Interview-based questionnaires were used to gather information on possible risk factors for infection. The prevalence of helminth infections was 42.7% (420/983), including single (37.3%, 367/983) and mixed infections (5.4%, 53/983). The most common infection (19.23%, 189/983) was Ascaris lumbricoides, whereas taeniasis carriers comprised 2.8% (28/983). Multiplex PCR of Cox1 was used for species identification of Taenia tapeworms, eggs, or both in 22 taeniasis carriers. Most of the parasites (20 cases) were Taenia solium, with two cases of Taenia saginata. Taenia saginata asiatica was not found in the villagers examined. The analysis of 314 completed questionnaires showed that a statistically significant (p < 0.05) risk of taeniasis was correlated with being male, a history of being allowed to forage during childhood, a history of seeing tapeworm proglottids, and a history of raw or undercooked pork consumption. Health education programmes must seek to reduce and prevent reinfection in these communities.
Corona: Wie kann ich sichergehen, dass ein Patient negativ getestet in die Praxis kommt?
Authors: Kämper Siegfried 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDiese Kollegenfrage beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie man aktuell als Behandler sichergehen kann, dass ein Patient negativ auf Corona getestet in die Praxis kommt.