bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllability of fractional noninstantaneous impulsive integrodifferential stochastic delay system
Authors: Priyadharsini J , Balasubramaniam P 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper concerned with the controllability of nonlinear fractional noninstantaneous (NI) impulsive integrodifferential stochastic delay system (ISDS). Some sufficient conditions for the controllability of fractional NI impulsive ISDS have been derived by the new approach of measure of noncompactness in finite dimensional space. This NI impulsive ISDS is more reliable for the evolution process in pharmacotherapy. By using Mönch fixed point theorem, existence results have been proved. The result is new in the finite dimensional setting with NI impulse.
Subspace Arrangements and Cherednik Algebras
Authors: Griffeth Stephen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the relationship between numerical invariants of certain subspace arrangements coming from reflection groups and numerical invariants arising in the representation theory of Cherednik algebras. For instance, we observe that knowledge of the equivariant graded Betti numbers (in the sense of commutative algebra) of any irreducible representation in category ${\mathscr{O}}$ is equivalent to knowledge of the Kazhdan–Lusztig character of the irreducible object (we use this observation in joint work with Fishel–Manosalva). We then explore the extent to which Cherednik algebra techniques may be applied to ideals of linear subspace arrangements: we determine when the radical of the polynomial representation of the Cherednik algebra is a radical ideal and, for the cyclotomic rational Cherednik algebra, determine the socle of the polynomial representation and characterize when it is a radical ideal. The subspace arrangements that arise include various generalizations of the $k$-equals arrangement. In the case of the radical, we apply our results with Juteau together with an idea of Etingof–Gorsky–Losev to observe that the quotient is Cohen–Macaulay for positive choices of parameters. In the case of the socle (in cyclotomic type), we give an explicit vector space basis in terms of certain specializations of nonsymmetric Jack polynomials, which in particular determines its minimal generators and Hilbert series and answers a question posed by Feigin and Shramov.
North American Prairie Is a Source of Pollen for Managed Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Zhang Ge , St. Clair Ashley L , Dolezal Adam G , Toth Amy L , O’Neal Matthew E 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrairie was a dominant habitat within large portions of North America before European settlement. Conversion of prairies to farmland resulted in the loss of a large proportion of native floral resources, contributing to the decline of native pollinator populations. Efforts to reconstruct prairie could provide honey bees (Apis mellifera) a source of much-needed forage, especially in regions dominated by crop production. To what extent honey bees, which were introduced to North America by European settlers, use plants native to prairies is unclear. We placed colonies with pollen traps within reconstructed prairies in central Iowa to determine which and how much pollen is collected from prairie plants. Honey bee colonies collected more pollen from nonnative than native plants during June and July. During August and September, honey bee colonies collected more pollen from plants native to prairies. Our results suggest that honey bees’ use of native prairie plants may depend upon the seasonality of both native and nonnative plants present in the landscape. This finding may be useful for addressing the nutritional health of honey bees, as colonies in this region frequently suffer from a dearth of forage contributing to colony declines during August and September when crops and weedy plants cease blooming. These results suggest that prairie can be a significant source of forage for honey bees in the later part of the growing season in the Midwestern United States; we discuss this insight in the context of honey bee health and biodiversity conservation.
Relationships Among the Feeding Behaviors of a Mirid Bug on Cotton Leaves of Different Ages and Plant Biochemical Substances
Authors: Song Haiyan , Dong Zhaoke , Li Lili , Lu Zengbin , Li Chao , Yu Yi , Men Xingyuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) tends to feed on young plant tissues. To explore the relationship between stylet probing behaviors of adult A. lucorum and conditions of cotton leaves, we conducted an experiment using electropenetrography (EPG). Behaviors were recorded on four cotton varieties, in relation to thickness and biochemical traits of differently-aged leaves. Cotton leaf age had a significant effect on the probing behavior of A. lucorum but cotton variety did not. One-day-old leaves of A. lucorum received the highest mean number of stylet probes (penetrations) per insect, and longest mean durations per insect of combined stylet probing or its components, cell rupture and ingestion behaviors. All of the leaf traits (thickness and biochemical substances) were similar among these four cotton varieties. Leaf thickness had a significantly negative effect on the same four variables above. Gossypol and tannin also had a negative impact on combined probing duration. Redundancy analysis showed that the four EPG variables were closely related to nutrient substances (amino acids, sugar, and water) while they had the opposite relationship with plant defense substances (gossypol and tannin). On cotton in the seedling stages, A. lucorum fed more readily on the youngest, thinnest leaves in our no-choice EPG experiments. Nutrients and chemical resistance substances determined the probing duration of A. lucorum. Our findings can contribute to better understanding of patterns of feeding and host consumption by A. lucorum, ultimately improving cotton resistance to A. lucorum.
Impacts of Dryland Cropping Systems on Ground Beetle Communities (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: DuPre Mary E , Weaver David K , Seipel Tim F , Menalled Fabian D 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGround beetles are natural predators of insect pests and small seeds in agroecosystems. In semiarid cropping systems of the Northern Great Plains, there is a lack of knowledge to how ground beetles are affected by diversified cover crop rotations. In a 2-yr study (2018 and 2019), our experiment was a restricted-randomization strip-plot design, comprising summer fallow, an early-season cover crop mixture (five species), and a mid-season cover crop mixture (seven species), with three cover crop termination methods (i.e., herbicide, grazing, and haying). Using pitfall traps, we sampled ground beetles in five 48-h intervals throughout the growing season (n = 135 per year) using growing degree day (GDD) accumulations to better understand changes to ground beetle communities. Data analysis included the use of linear mixed-effects models, perMANOVA, and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations. We did not observe differences among cover crop termination methods; however, activity density in the early-season cover crop mixture decreased and in summer fallow increased throughout the growing season, whereas the mid-season cover crop mixture peaked in the middle of the summer. Ground beetle richness and evenness showed a nonlinear tendency, peaking in the middle of the growing season, with marginal differences between cover crops or fallow after the termination events. Also, differences in ground beetle composition were greatest in the early- and mid-season cover crop mixtures earlier in the growing season. Our study supports the use of cover crop mixtures to enhance ground beetle communities, with potential implications for pest management in dryland cropping systems.
Timing of Aspirin Use in Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Yin , Chan Andrew T , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A , Giovannucci Edward L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Prior epidemiological and intervention studies have not been able to separate independent effects of dose, timing, and duration of aspirin use in colorectal cancer (CRC) chemoprevention. We examined aspirin-based CRC chemoprevention according to timing in the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.

Methods
The exposures include cumulative average dose and total duration of aspirin use in more than 10 years before follow-up started (remote period) and in the immediate 10 years before follow-up started (recent period). Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for exposures and CRC risk.

Results
Aspirin use of longer than 10 years before follow-up started (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.83 to 0.94) per 5-year increment and the immediate 10 years before follow-up started (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.96) were similarly important in CRC chemoprevention, though a 5-year lag was required for a clear benefit in the recent period. In the remote period, the association was not dose dependent; compared with less than 0.5 standard-dose (325 mg) tablets per week; hazard ratios were 0.78 (95% CI = 0.63 to 0.98), 0.81 (95% CI = 0.72 to 0.91), and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.64 to 0.86) for doses of 0.5 to less than 1.5, 1.5 to less than 5, and 5 and more tablets per week, respectively. However, there was dose dependency in the recent period (with respective HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.06; HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.98; and HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.64 to 0.91).

Conclusions
A suggestive benefit necessitates at least 6-10 years and most clearly after approximately 10 years since initiation of aspirin. Remote use and use within the previous 10 years both contribute independently to decrease risk, though a lower dose may be required for a benefit with longer term use.
Assembling the Networks and Audiences of Disinformation: How Successful Russian IRA Twitter Accounts Built Their Followings, 2015–2017
Authors: Zhang Yini , Lukito Josephine , Su Min-Hsin , Suk Jiyoun , Xia Yiping , Kim Sang Jung , Doroshenko Larissa , Wells Chris 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigates how successful Russian Internet Research Agency (IRA) Twitter accounts constructed the followings that were central to their disinformation campaigns around the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Treating an account’s social media following as both an ego network and an audience critical for information diffusion and influence accrual, we situate IRA Twitter accounts’ accumulation of followers in the ideologically polarized, attention driven, and asymmetric political communication system. Results show that partisan enclaves on Twitter contributed to IRA accounts’ followings through retweeting; and that mainstream and hyperpartisan media assisted conservative IRA accounts’ following gain by embedding their tweets in news. These results illustrate how network dynamics within social media and news media amplification beyond it together boosted social media followings. Our results also highlight the dynamics fanning the flames of disinformation: partisan polarization, media fragmentation and asymmetry, and an attention economy optimized for engagement rather than accuracy.
Adaptive mHealth Intervention for Adolescent Physical Activity Promotion
Authors: Cushing Christopher C , Bejarano Carolina M , Ortega Adrian , Sayre Nick , Fedele David A , Smyth Joshua M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
The present nonrandomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a tailored text message intervention for increasing adolescent physical activity, as compared with passive monitoring.

Methods
Forty adolescents (13–18 years old) received either a tailored text messaging intervention (Network Underwritten Dynamic Goals Engine [NUDGE]; N = 20), or participated in an attention-control condition (N = 20), for 20 days. Physical activity was measured for all participants via continuous accelerometry. Frequency analyses were conducted on program usage and satisfaction ratings to evaluate feasibility and acceptability, and multilevel models were used to evaluate the efficacy hypotheses.

Results
The vast majority of participants (90%) reported being very or mostly satisfied with the NUDGE program and rated their enjoyment as above average. The intervention group was estimated to spend an average of 20.84 more minutes per day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity relative to the attention-control group (β = 20.84, SE = 8.19). Exploratory analyses revealed that the intervention group also engaged in 82 fewer minutes of sedentary time per day on average, although this effect was not significant due to the large variability in sedentary time (β = −81.98, SE = 46.86).

Conclusions
The NUDGE tailored text messaging intervention was feasible, acceptable, and efficacious in increasing physical activity in this sample. Findings warrant additional evaluation of NUDGE as both a standalone physical activity intervention or as part of a multicomponent package.
Isatis indigotica: a review of phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and clinical applications
Authors: Chen Qiong , Lan Hai-Yue , Peng Wei , Rahman Khalid , Liu Qing-Chun , Luan Xin , Zhang Hong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Isatis indigotica Fort. (I. indigotica) is an herbaceous plant belonging to Cruciferae family. Its leaf (IIL) and root (IIR) are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with good clinical efficacies such as clearing away heat and detoxification, cooling blood and reducing swelling. This review aimed to provide a systematic summary on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical applications of I. indigotica.

Key findings
This plant contains alkaloids, organic acids, flavonoids, lignans, nucleosides, amino acids, and steroids. Previous pharmacological researches indicated that I. indigotica possesses promising antivirus, antibacterial, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammation, and cholagogic effects. Importantly, it can inhibit various viruses, such as influenza, hepatitis B, mumps, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, and coxsachievirus. Clinically, it is frequently used to treat various viral diseases like viral influenza, parotitis and viral hepatitis. Consequently, I. indigotica may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Summary
This paper reviewed the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of I. indigotica which may guide further research and application of this plant.
The oligomeric states of elicitins affect the hypersensitive response and resistance in tobacco
Authors: Solanský Martin , Mikulášek Kamil , Zapletalová Martina , Petřivalský Marek , Chiltz Annick , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Leborgne-Castel Nathalie , Lochman Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Successful plant defence against microbial pathogens is based on early recognition and fast activation of inducible responses. Key mechanisms include detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns by membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors that induce a basal resistance response. A well-described model of such responses to pathogens involves the interactions between Solanaceae plants and proteinaceous elicitors secreted by oomycetes, called elicitins. It has been hypothesized that the formation of oligomeric structures by elicitins could be involved in their recognition and activation of defensive transduction cascades. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using several approaches, and we observed differences in tobacco plant responses induced by the elicitin β-cryptogein (β-CRY) and its homodimer, β-CRYDIM. We also found that the C-terminal domain of elicitins of other ELI (true-elicitin) clades plays a significant role in stabilization of their oligomeric structure and restraint in the cell wall. In addition, covalently cross-linking β-CRYDIM impaired the formation of signalling complexes, thereby reducing its capacity to elicit the hypersensitive response and resistance in the host plant, with no significant changes in pathogenesis-related protein expression. By revealing the details of the effects of β-CRY dimerization on recognition and defence responses in tobacco, our results shed light on the poorly understood role of elicitins’ oligomeric structures in the interactions between oomycetes and plants.
Lycopene β-cyclase expression influences plant physiology, development, and metabolism in tobacco plants
Authors: Kössler Stella , Armarego-Marriott Tegan , Tarkowská Danuše , Turečková Veronika , Agrawal Shreya , Mi Jianing , de Souza Leonardo Perez , Schöttler Mark Aurel , Schadach Anne , Fröhlich Anja , Bock Ralph , Al-Babili Salim , Ruf Stephanie , Sampathkumar Arun , Moreno Juan C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Carotenoids are important isoprenoids produced in the plastids of photosynthetic organisms that play key roles in photoprotection and antioxidative processes. β-Carotene is generated from lycopene by lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB). Previously, we demonstrated that the introduction of the Daucus carota (carrot) DcLCYB1 gene into tobacco (cv. Xanthi) resulted in increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and especially gibberellins (GAs), resulting in increased plant yield. In order to understand this phenomenon prior to exporting this genetic strategy to crops, we generated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Petit Havana) mutants that exhibited a wide range of LCYB expression. Transplastomic plants expressing DcLCYB1 at high levels showed a wild-type-like growth, even though their pigment content was increased and their leaf GA1 content was reduced. RNA interference (RNAi) NtLCYB lines showed different reductions in NtLCYB transcript abundance, correlating with reduced pigment content and plant variegation. Photosynthesis (leaf absorptance, Fv/Fm, and light-saturated capacity of linear electron transport) and plant growth were impaired. Remarkably, drastic changes in phytohormone content also occurred in the RNAi lines. However, external application of phytohormones was not sufficient to rescue these phenotypes, suggesting that altered photosynthetic efficiency might be another important factor explaining their reduced biomass. These results show that LCYB expression influences plant biomass by different mechanisms and suggests thresholds for LCYB expression levels that might be beneficial or detrimental for plant growth.
Old and new major mergers in the SOSIMPLE galaxy, NGC 7135
Authors: Davison Thomas A , Kuntschner Harald , Husemann Bernd , Norris Mark A , Dalcanton Julianne J , De Rosa Alessandra , Duc Pierre-Alain , Bianchi Stefano , Capelo Pedro R , Vignali Cristian 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The simultaneous advancement of high resolution integral field unit spectroscopy and robust full-spectral fitting codes now make it possible to examine spatially resolved kinematic, chemical composition, and star-formation history from nearby galaxies. We take new MUSE data from the snapshot optical spectroscopic imaging of mergers and pairs for legacy Exploration (SOSIMPLE) survey to examine NGC 7135. With counter-rotation of gas, disrupted kinematics and asymmetric chemical distribution, NGC 7135 is consistent with an ongoing merger. Though well hidden by the current merger, we are able to distinguish stars originating from an older merger, occurring 6–10 Gyr ago. We further find a gradient in ex-situ material with galactocentric radius, with the accreted fraction rising from 0 per cent in the galaxy centre, to ∼7 per cent within 0.6 effective radii.
A comparative analysis of the mutagenicity of platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agents reveals direct and indirect mutagenic mechanisms
Authors: Szikriszt Bernadett , Póti Ádám , Németh Eszter , Kanu Nnennaya , Swanton Charles , Szüts Dávid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are a mainstay of cancer chemotherapy. However, their mutagenic effect can increase tumour heterogeneity, contribute to the evolution of treatment resistance and also induce secondary malignancies. We coupled whole genome sequencing with phenotypic investigations on two cell line models to compare the magnitude and examine the mechanism of mutagenicity of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin induced significantly more base substitution mutations than carboplatin or oxaliplatin when used at equitoxic concentrations on human TK6 or chicken DT40 cells, and also induced the highest number of short insertions and deletions. The analysis of base substitution spectra revealed that all three tested platinum drugs elicit both a direct mutagenic effect at purine dinucleotides, and an indirect effect of accelerating endogenous mutagenic processes, whereas the direct mutagenic effect appeared to correlate with the level of DNA damage caused as assessed through histone H2AX phosphorylation and single-cell agarose gel electrophoresis, the indirect mutagenic effects were equal. The different mutagenicity and DNA-damaging effect of equitoxic platinum drug treatments suggest that DNA damage independent mechanisms significantly contribute to their cytotoxicity. Thus, the comparatively high mutagenicity of cisplatin should be taken into account in the design of chemotherapeutic regimens.
Experimental playback of natural gas compressor noise reduces incubation time and hatching success in two secondary cavity-nesting bird species
Authors: Williams Danielle P , Avery Julian D , Gabrielson Thomas B , Brittingham Margaret C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Natural gas compressor stations emit loud, low-frequency noise that travels hundreds of meters into undisturbed habitat. We used experimental playback of natural gas compressor noise to determine whether and how noise influenced settlement decisions and reproductive output as well as when in the nesting cycle birds were most affected by compressor noise. We established 80 nest boxes to attract Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) and Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) to locations where they had not previously nested and experimentally introduced shale gas compressor noise to half the boxes while the other 40 boxes served as controls. Our experimental design allowed us to control for the confounding effects of both physical changes to the environment associated with compressor stations as well as site tenacity or the tendency for birds to return to the specific locations where they had previously bred. We incorporated behavioral observations with video cameras placed within boxes to determine how changes in behavior might lead to any noted changes in fitness. Neither species demonstrated a preference for box type (quiet or noisy), and there was no difference in clutch size between box types. In both species, we observed a reduction in incubation time, hatching success, and fledging success (proportion of all eggs that fledged) between quiet and noisy boxes but no difference in provisioning rates. Nest success (probability of fledging at least one young; calculated from all nests that were initiated) was not affected by noise in either species suggesting that noise did not increase rates of either depredation or abandonment but instead negatively impacted fitness through reduced hatching and fledging success. Compressor noise caused behavioral changes that led to reduced reproductive success; for Eastern Bluebirds and Tree Swallows, gas infrastructure can create an equal-preference ecological trap where birds do not distinguish between lower and higher quality territories even when they incur fitness costs.