bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bingeing on High‐Fat Food Enhances Evoked Dopamine Release and Reduces Dopamine Uptake in the Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Jones Sara R. , Fordahl Steve C. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveBinge‐eating disorder (BED) disrupts dopamine neuron function, in part by altering dopamine transporter (DAT) activity. This study characterized the effects of high‐fat bingeing on presynaptic dopamine terminals and tested the hypothesis that acute low‐dose amphetamine would restore DAT function.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were given limited access (LimA) to a high‐fat diet (2 h/d, 3 d/wk) or standard chow (control). After 6 weeks, ex vivo fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize dopamine‐terminal adaptations in the nucleus accumbens. Prior to undergoing fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry, some mice from each group were given amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally).ResultsEscalation of high fat intake, termed bingeing, occurred in the LimA group and coincided with increased phasic dopamine release, reduced dopamine uptake rates, and increased dopamine receptor 2 (D2) autoreceptor function. Acute amphetamine selectively reversed dopamine uptake changes in the LimA group and restored the potency of amphetamine to inhibit uptake.ConclusionsHigh‐fat bingeing enhanced dopaminergic signaling in the nucleus accumbens by promoting phasic dopamine release and reducing clearance. This study’s data show that amphetamine was efficacious in restoring impaired DAT function caused by high‐fat bingeing but did not reduce dopamine release to normal. These presynaptic changes should be considered if amphetamine‐like dopamine releasers are used as treatments for BED.
Recognizing and managing hereditary and acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in infants and children
Authors: Siddiqui Anam , Journeycake Janna M. , Borogovac Azra , George James N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe describe how infants and children with hereditary and acquired autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) initially present and how they can be promptly diagnosed and effectively managed. These are uncommon disorders that are commonly misdiagnosed and can be rapidly fatal. TTP is caused by a severe deficiency of the plasma protease, A disintegrin and Metalloprotease with a ThromboSpondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13). Measurement of ADAMTS13 activity is becoming easily accessible. A common presentation of hereditary TTP is neonatal severe hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia. However, the median age of diagnosis is not until 5.5 years. Plasma is effective treatment for exacerbations and for prophylaxis. Plasma may be replaced by recombinant ADAMTS13 when it becomes available. Acquired TTP is more frequent in older children, in whom it is more common in girls and is commonly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. For acquired TTP, plasma exchange and immunosuppression are the current treatment for acute episodes; caplacizumab is now commonly used in adults and may replace plasma exchange.
Proteins linked to atherosclerosis and cell proliferation are associated with the shrunken pore syndrome in heart failure patients
Authors: Xhakollari Liana , Jujic Amra , Molvin John , Nilsson Peter , Holm Hannes , Bachus Erasmus , Leosdottir Margret , Grubb Anders , Christensson Anders , Magnusson Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThe “Shrunken pore syndrome” (SPS) is characterized by a difference in renal filtration between cystatin C and creatinine, resulting in a low eGFRcystatinC/eGFRcreatinine‐ratio. Studies have demonstrated a high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality for patients with SPS. In this discovery study, we explored associations between SPS and proteins implicated in cardiovascular disease and inflammation in patients with heart failure.Experimental DesignPlasma samples from 300 individuals in HARVEST‐Malmö trial hospitalized for the diagnosis of heart failure (mean age 74.9 ± 11.5 years; 30.0% female), were analyzed with a proximity extension assay consisting of 92 proteins. A Bonferroni‐corrected p‐value of 0.05/92 = 5.4 × 10−4 was considered significant in the initial age and sex‐adjusted analyses. Presence of SPS was defined as eGFRcystatinC ≤ 60% of eGFRcreatinine.ResultsSPS presented with significant associations (p < 5.4 × 10−4) in age and sex‐adjusted logistic regressions with elevated levels of six proteins; scavenger receptor cysteine rich type 1 protein M130, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, osteoprotegerin, interleukin‐2 receptor subunit alpha, and tyrosine‐protein kinase receptor UFO. All proteins remained associated (p < 0.05) with SPS after multivariate adjustments.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn heart failure patients, SPS was associated with proteins linked to atherosclerosis and cell proliferation.
A Review of Compact Carbon Design for Supercapacitors with High Volumetric Performance
Authors: Li Pei , Shang Tongxin , Dong Ximan , Li Huan , Tao Ying , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVolumetric performance is of great importance in today's energy storage devices, and is used to evaluate their competitiveness in the markets of miniaturized electronic devices and space‐constrained electric vehicles. Supercapacitors suffer from a low volumetric energy density in spite of their high power and long cycle life because of their use of porous but low‐density carbons. This review considers compact carbon design strategies for high volumetric performance supercapacitors based on four key electrode parameters: density, thickness, gravimetric capacitance, and nonactive components. A guide is provided for constructing a conductive additive‐/binder‐free self‐supported ultrathick, dense electrode to maximize the volumetric energy density. The research status of emerging micro‐supercapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors is then briefly discussed, emphasizing the importance of their volumetric performance and the opportunities as well as challenges they face in the trendy Internet of things applications or larger device systems.
Graphene Transfer: Paving the Road for Applications of Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene
Authors: Song Yuqing , Zou Wentao , Lu Qi , Lin Li , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOwing to the fascinating properties of graphene, fulfilling the promising characteristics of graphene in applications has ignited enormous scientific and industrial interest. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene on metal substrates provides tantalizing opportunities for the large‐area synthesis of graphene in a controllable manner. However, the tedious transfer of graphene from metal substrates onto desired substrates remains inevitable, and cracks of graphene membrane, transfer‐induced doping, wrinkles as well as surface contamination can be incurred during the transfer, which highly degrade the performance of graphene. Furthermore, new issues can arise when moving to large‐scale transfer at an industrial scale, thus cost‐efficient and environment‐friendly transfer techniques also become imperative. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of transfer‐related issues and the corresponding experimental solutions and to provide an outlook for future transfer techniques of CVD graphene films on an industrial scale.
The Federal Reserve's response to the COVID‐19 contraction: An initial appraisal
Authors: Cachanosky Nicolás , Cutsinger Bryan P. , Hogan Thomas L. , Luther William J. , Salter Alexander W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe provide an initial assessment of the Federal Reserve's policy response to the COVID‐19 contraction. We briefly review the historical episode and consider the standard textbook treatment of a pandemic on the macroeconomy. We summarize and then evaluate the Fed's monetary and emergency lending policies through the end of 2020. We credit the Fed with promoting monetary stability while maintaining that it could have done more. We argue that the Fed could have achieved stability without employing its emergency lending facilities. Although some facilities likely helped to promote general liquidity, others were primarily intended to allocate credit, which blurs the line between monetary and fiscal policy. These credit allocation facilities were unwarranted and unwise.
Sensing and sensitivity: Computational chemistry of graphene‐based sensors
Authors: Piras Anna , Ehlert Christopher , Gryn'ova Ganna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHighly efficient, tunable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly electrochemical sensors featuring graphene‐based materials pose a formidable challenge for computational chemistry. In silico rationalization, optimization and, ultimately, prediction of their performance requires exploring a vast structural space of potential surface‐analyte complexes, further complicated by the presence of various defects and functionalities within the infinite graphene lattice. This immense number of systems and their periodic nature greatly limit the choice of computational tools applicable at a reasonable cost. An alternative approach using finite nanoflake models opens the doors to many more advanced and accurate electronic structure methods, while sacrificing the realism of representation. Locating the surface‐analyte complex is followed by an in‐depth in silico analysis of its energetic and electronic properties using, for example, energy decomposition schemes, as well as simulation of the signal, for example, a zero‐bias transmission spectra or a current–voltage curve, by means of the nonequilibrium Green's function method. These and other properties are examined in the context of a sensor's selectivity, sensitivity, and limit of detection with an aim to establish design principles for future devices. Herein, we analyze the advantages and limitations of diverse computational chemistry methods used at each of these steps in simulating graphene‐based electrochemical sensors. We present outstanding challenges toward predictive models and sketch possible solutions involving such contemporary techniques as multiscale simulations and high‐throughput screening.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Handshape Classification in a Reverse Dictionary of Sign Languages for the Deaf
Authors: Abutalipov Alikhan , Janaliyeva Aigerim , Mukushev Medet , Cerone Antonio , Sandygulova Anara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper showcases the work that aims at building a user-friendly mobile application of a reverse dictionary to translate sign languages to spoken languages. The concept behind the reverse dictionary is the ability to perform a video-based search by demonstrating a handshape in front of a mobile phone’s camera. The user would be able to use this feature in two ways. Firstly, the user would be able to search for a word by showing a handshape for the application to provide a list of signs that contain that handshape. Secondly, the user could fingerspell the word letter by letter in front of the camera for the application to return the sign that corresponds to that word. The user can then look through the suggested videos and see their written translations. To offer other functionalities, the application also has Search by Category and Search by Word options. Currently, the reverse dictionary supports translations from Russian Sign Language (RSL) to Russian language.
Weak cosmic censorship with self-interacting scalar and bound on charge to mass ratio
Authors: Song Yan , Hu Tong-Tong , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the model of four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Λ theory minimally coupled to a massive charged self-interacting scalar field, parameterized by the quartic and hexic couplings, labelled by λ and β, respectively. In the absence of scalar field, there is a class of counterexamples to cosmic censorship. Moreover, we investigate the full nonlinear solution with nonzero scalar field included, and argue that these counterexamples can be removed by assuming charged self-interacting scalar field with sufficiently large charge not lower than a certain bound. In particular, this bound on charge required to preserve cosmic censorship is no longer precisely the weak gravity bound for the free scalar theory. For the quartic coupling, for λ < 0 the bound is below the one for the free scalar fields, whereas for λ > 0 it is above. Meanwhile, for the hexic coupling the bound is always above the one for the free scalar fields, irrespective of the sign of β.
Deep infection following reconstruction of pelvic fractures: prevalence, characteristics, and predisposing risk factors
Authors: Kanakaris Nikolaos Konstantinou , Ciriello Vincenzo , Stavrou Petros Zoi , West Robert Michael , Giannoudis Peter Vasiliou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo identify the incidence, risk factors, and treatment course of patients who developed deep infection following fixation of pelvic fractures.MethodsOver a period of 8 years patients who underwent pelvic reconstruction in our institution and developed postoperative infection were included. Exclusion criteria were pathological fractures and infections that were not secondary to post-traumatic reconstruction. The mean time of follow-up was 43.6 months (33–144). For comparison purposes, we randomly selected patients that underwent pelvic fracture fixation from our database (control group). A logistic regression was fitted to patient characteristics including age, sex, ISS, and diabetic status.ResultsOut of 858 patients, 18 (2.1%) (12 males), with a mean age of 41 (18–73) met the inclusion criteria. The control group consisted of 82 patients with a mean age of 41 years (18–72). The mean ISS was 27.7 and 17.6 in the infection and control group, respectively. The mean time from pelvic reconstruction to the diagnosis of infection was 20 days (7–80). The median number of trips to theatre was 3 (1–16). Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was the most frequently isolated organism in the years prior to 2012. Eradication was achieved in 93% of the patients. The most important risk factors for deep infection were ISS (OR 1.08, 1.03–1.13), posterior sacral approach (OR 17.03, 1.49–194.40), and diabetes (OR 36.85, 3.54–383.70).ConclusionIn this retrospective case–control study, deep infection following pelvic trauma was rare. A number of patient-, injury- and surgery-related factors have shown strong correlation with this serious complication.
Experiences of living with mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a coproduced, participatory qualitative interview study
Authors: Gillard Steven , Dare Ceri , Hardy Jackie , Nyikavaranda Patrick , Rowan Olive Rachel , Shah Prisha , Birken Mary , Foye Una , Ocloo Josephine , Pearce Ellie , Stefanidou Theodora , Pitman Alexandra , Simpson Alan , Johnson Sonia , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor ,   NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Covid coproduction research group, Anderson Katie , Barber Nick , Chhapia Anjie , Chipp Beverley , Jeynes Tamar , Lomani Jo , Machin Karen , Turner Kati 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Research is beginning to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on people with pre-existing mental health conditions. Our paper addresses a lack of in-depth qualitative research exploring their experiences and perceptions of how life has changed at this time.

Methods
We used qualitative interviews (N = 49) to explore experiences of the pandemic for people with pre-existing mental health conditions. In a participatory, coproduced approach, researchers with lived experiences of mental health conditions conducted interviews and analysed data as part of a multi-disciplinary research team.

Results
Existing mental health difficulties were exacerbated for many people. People experienced specific psychological impacts of the pandemic, struggles with social connectedness, and inadequate access to mental health services, while some found new ways to cope and connect to the community. New remote ways to access mental health care, including digital solutions, provided continuity of care for some but presented substantial barriers for others. People from black and ethnic minority (BAME) communities experienced heightened anxiety, stigma and racism associated with the pandemic, further impacting their mental health.

Conclusion
There is a need for evidence-based solutions to achieve accessible and effective mental health care in response to the pandemic, especially remote approaches to care. Further research should explore the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on people with pre-existing mental health conditions. Particular attention should be paid to understanding inequalities of impact on mental health, especially for people from BAME communities.
Creating a human-induced pluripotent stem cell-based NKX2.5 reporter gene assay for developmental toxicity testing
Authors: Lauschke Karin , Treschow Andreas Frederik , Rasmussen Mikkel Aabech , Davidsen Nichlas , Holst Bjørn , Emnéus Jenny , Taxvig Camilla , Vinggaard Anne Marie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo test large numbers of chemicals for developmental toxicity, rapid in vitro tests with standardized readouts for automated data acquisition are needed. However, the most widely used assay, the embryonic stem cell test, relies on the counting of beating embryoid bodies by visual inspection, which is laborious and time consuming. We previously developed the PluriBeat assay based on differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) that we demonstrated to be predictive for known teratogens at relevant concentrations using the readout of beating cardiomyocytes. Here, we report the development of a novel assay, which we term the PluriLum assay, where we have introduced a luciferase reporter gene into the locus of NKX2.5 of our hiPSC line. This enabled us to measure luminescence intensities instead of counting beating cardiomyocytes, which is less labor intensive. We established two NKX2.5 reporter cell lines and validated their pluripotency and genetic stability. Moreover, we confirmed that the genetically engineered NKX2.5 reporter cell line differentiated into cardiomyocytes with the same efficiency as the original wild-type line. We then exposed the cells to valproic acid (25–300 μM) and thalidomide (0.1–36 µM) and compared the PluriBeat readout of the cardiomyocytes with the luminescence intensity of the PluriLum assay. The results showed that thalidomide decreased luminescence intensity significantly with a higher potency and efficacy compared to the beating readout. With this, we have developed a novel hiPSC-based assay with a standardized readout that may have the potential for higher throughput screening for developmental toxicity.
Parabolic eigenvarieties via overconvergent cohomology
Authors: Barrera Salazar Daniel , Williams Chris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLet$$\mathcal {G}$$Gbe a connected reductive group over$$\mathbf {Q}$$Qsuch that$$G = \mathcal {G}/\mathbf {Q}_p$$G=G/Qpis quasi-split, and let$$Q \subset G$$Q⊂Gbe a parabolic subgroup. We introduce parahoric overconvergent cohomology groups with respect toQ, and prove a classicality theorem showing that the small slope parts of these groups coincide with those of classical cohomology. This allows the use of overconvergent cohomology at parahoric, rather than Iwahoric, level, and provides flexible lifting theorems that appear to be particularly well-adapted to arithmetic applications. WhenQis a Borel, we recover the usual theory of overconvergent cohomology, and our classicality theorem gives a stronger slope bound than in the existing literature. We use our theory to constructQ-parabolic eigenvarieties, which parametrisep-adic families of systems of Hecke eigenvalues that are finite slope atQ, but that allow infinite slope away fromQ.
Underground metabolism facilitates the evolution of novel pathways for vitamin B6 biosynthesis
Authors: Richts Björn , Commichau Fabian M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The term vitamin B6 is a designation for the vitamers pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine and the respective phosphate esters pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxamine-5′-phosphate and pyridoxine-5′-phosphate. Animals and humans are unable to synthesise vitamin B6. These organisms have to take up vitamin B6 with their diet. Therefore, vitamin B6 is of commercial interest as a food additive and for applications in the pharmaceutical industry. As yet, two naturally occurring routes for de novo synthesis of PLP are known. Both routes have been genetically engineered to obtain bacteria overproducing vitamin B6. Still, major genetic engineering efforts using the existing pathways are required for developing fermentation processes that could outcompete the chemical synthesis of vitamin B6. Recent suppressor screens using mutants of the Gram-negative and Gram-positive model bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, carrying mutations in the native pathways or heterologous genes uncovered novel routes for PLP biosynthesis. These pathways consist of promiscuous enzymes and enzymes that are already involved in vitamin B6 biosynthesis. Thus, E. coli and B. subtilis contain multiple promiscuous enzymes causing a so-called underground metabolism allowing the bacteria to bypass disrupted vitamin B6 biosynthetic pathways. The suppressor screens also show the genomic plasticity of the bacteria to suppress a genetic lesion. We discuss the potential of the serendipitous pathways to serve as a starting point for the development of bacteria overproducing vitamin B6.

Key points
• Known vitamin B6 routes have been genetically engineered.
• Underground metabolism facilitates the emergence of novel vitamin B6 biosynthetic pathways.
• These pathways may be suitable to engineer bacteria overproducing vitamin B6.
Prospective analysis of BKV hemorrhagic cystitis in children and adolescents undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Salamonowicz-Bodzioch Małgorzata , Frączkiewicz Jowita , Czyżewski Krzysztof , Zając-Spychała Olga , Gorczyńska Ewa , Panasiuk Anna , Ussowicz Marek , Kałwak Krzysztof , Szmit Zofia , Wróbel Grażyna , Kazanowska Bernarda , Chybicka Alicja , Ukielska-Hoffmann Bogna , Wendycz-Domalewska Danuta , Wysocki Mariusz , Dziedzic Magdalena , Wachowiak Jacek , Zaucha-Prażmo Agnieszka , Kowalczyk Jerzy , Goździk Jolanta , Styczyński Jan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBK virus is one of the most common causes of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Viruses can be found in urine and serum samples of immunocompromised patients. Malignant diseases, age, cell source, day of granulocyte reconstitution, conditioning regimen, or use of total body irradiation may play an important role in BKV epidemiology, development of hemorrhagic cystitis course, and outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical course, and risk factors for BKV-HC in children undergoing HCT. A total number of 133 patients who were prospectively tested for BKV colonization/infection were enrolled into this multicenter analysis. Episodes of BKV-HC occurred in 36/133 (27%) enrolled subjects. In a univariate analysis for BKV-HC incidence, the following factors were significant: age >5 years, peripheral blood transplantation, matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplantation, busulfan-cyclophosphamide-melphalan conditioning regimen, and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) diagnosis. Presence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in liver and gut GVHD was a significant risk factor of BKV-HC. No BKV-attributed deaths were reported. In multivariate analysis, the incidence of HC was significantly higher in patients with AML, age >5 years, MUD transplants, and children with GVHD. HC is a frequent complication after HCT among children causes prolonged hospitalization but rarely contributes to death. We identified risk factors of BKV-HC development in children, with focus on aGVHD: we concluded that excessive immune reaction connected with GVHD and immunosuppression drugs might play a pivotal role in the development of BKV-HC.