bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication-assisted treatment and self-help group participation among military veterans with opioid or alcohol use disorder
Authors: Albright David L , McDaniel J T , Suntai Z , Laha-Walsh M K , Frick K , Weatherly T , McIntosh S 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionMedication-assisted treatment (MAT) is a combination of behavioural therapy and medications to assist with recovery and has been administered to individuals with alcohol and opioid withdrawal symptoms. Military veterans seeking MAT could have barriers preventing them from receiving the care they desire. The present study sought to compare outcomes in individuals who received MAT or those who participated in self-help groups for opioid or alcohol use disorder. In addition, the present study sought to compare outcomes between veterans and non-military-connected individuals.MethodsWe used the 2015–2017 United States Treatment Episode Data Set Discharges data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The data set included 138 594 unique discharges. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine differences in substance use outcomes for veterans/non-veterans in MAT and a self-help group.ResultsFewer veterans (2.58%) than non-veterans (4.28%) reported usage of MAT. Fewer veterans (38.94%) than non-veterans (40.17%) reported signing up for a self-help group. Finally, those who participated in MATanda self-help group had a better outcome (66.64%)—defined as no substance use at discharge—than those who only received MAT (43.02%) and those who did not participate in MAT or self-help groups (34.84%).ConclusionsRecommendations for future research on MAT and implementation for the veteran population would benefit the literature base.
Home interventions and light therapy for the treatment of vitiligo
(HI-Light Vitiligo Trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled
trial
Authors: Haines Rachel H , Thomas Kim S , Montgomery Alan A , Ravenscroft Jane C , Akram Perways , Chalmers Joanne R , Whitham Diane , Duley Lelia , Eleftheriadou Viktoria , Meakin Garry , Mitchell Eleanor J , White Jennifer , Rogers Andy , Sach Tracey , Santer Miriam , Tan Wei , Hepburn Trish , Williams Hywel C , Batchelor Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Vitiligo is a condition resulting in white patches on the skin.
People with vitiligo can suffer from low self-esteem, psychological
disturbance and diminished quality of life. Vitiligo is often poorly
managed, partly due to lack of high-quality evidence to inform clinical
care. We describe here a large, independent, randomised controlled trial
(RCT) assessing the comparative effectiveness of potent topical
corticosteroid, home-based hand-held narrowband ultraviolet B-light
(NB-UVB) or combination of the two, for the management of
vitiligo.

Methods and analysis
The HI-Light Vitiligo Trial is a multicentre, three-arm, parallel
group, pragmatic, placebo-controlled RCT. 516 adults and children with
actively spreading, but limited, vitiligo are randomised (1:1:1) to one
of three groups: mometasone furoate 0.1% ointment plus dummy NB-UVB
light, vehicle ointment plus NB-UVB light or mometasone furoate 0.1%
ointment plus NB-UVB light. Treatment of up to three patches of vitiligo
is continued for up to 9 months with clinic visits at baseline, 3, 6 and
9 months and four post-treatment questionnaires.
The HI-Light Vitiligo Trial assesses outcomes included in the
vitiligo core outcome set and places emphasis on participants’ views of
treatment success. The primary outcome is proportion of participants
achieving treatment success (patient-rated Vitiligo Noticeability Scale)
for a target patch of vitiligo at 9 months with further independent
blinded assessment using digital images of the target lesion before and
after treatment. Secondary outcomes include time to onset of treatment
response, treatment success by body region, percentage repigmentation,
quality of life, time-burden of treatment, maintenance of response,
safety and within-trial cost-effectiveness.

Ethics and dissemination
Approvals were granted by East Midlands—Derby Research Ethics
Committee (14/EM/1173) and the MHRA (EudraCT 2014-003473-42). The trial
was registered 8 January 2015 ISRCTN (17160087). Results will be
published in full as open access in the NIHR Journal library and
elsewhere.

Trial registration number
ISRCTN17160087.
Awareness, attitude and barriers of colorectal cancer screening among high-risk populations in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Ruo-lin , Liu Qi , Wang Ying-xin , Zou Jin-yu , Hu Li-feng , Wang Wen , Huang Ying-hui , Wang Yi-zhuo , Zeng Bo , Zeng Xi , Zeng Ying 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the awareness, attitude and barriers of colorectal cancer screening among high-risk populations in China.DesignA cross-sectional study was employed.SettingThis study was conducted in nine hospitals in Hunan province, China.ParticipantsIndividuals with a high-risk for colorectal cancer were interviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire.Primary and secondary outcome measuresKnowledge, attitude towards colorectal cancer screening, sociodemographic factors associated with screening knowledge and behaviour and barriers of colorectal cancer screening.ResultsThis study included 684 participants. The mean knowledge score was 11.86/24 (SD 4.84). But over 70% of them held a positive attitude towards screening. Only 13.3% had undergone colorectal cancer screening. Independent factors related to knowledge were education level of college or above, working as a white collar, higher income, having health insurance, having seen a doctor in the past year and with a high perceived risk (p<0.05). Factors independently associated with screening behaviour included personal history of colorectal disease, having seen a doctor in the past year, previous discussion of colorectal cancer screening, high perceived risk and better knowledge (p<0.05). Main reasons for not undergoing screening were no symptoms or discomfort (71.1%), never having thought of the disease or screening (67.4%) and no doctor advised me (29.8%).ConclusionIn China, the majority of high-risk people had deficient knowledge and had never undergone colorectal cancer screening. But most of them held a positive attitude towards the benefits of colorectal cancer screening. This has promising implications to design targeted educational campaigns and establish screening programmes to improve colorectal cancer awareness and screening participation. Healthcare professionals should advise high-risk individuals to participate in screening and inform them about cancer risk.
Telemedicine in primary healthcare for the quality of care in times of COVID-19: ascoping reviewprotocol
Authors: Silva Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira , Lopes Rayssa Horácio , Júnior Osvaldo de Goes Bay , Fuentealba-Torres Miguel , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , da Costa Uchôa Severina Alice 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionTelemedicine gained strength in primary healthcare (PHC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, there is a need to know its scope, technologies used and impacts on people’s health. This study will map telemedicine use in PHC around the world and its impacts on quality of care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis is a scoping review protocol developed according to Arksey and O"Malley and Levacet al, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual, and guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The records will be mapped in the following multidisciplinary health sciences databases: Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and Embase. Searches will also be conducted on Google Scholar, preprint repositories and specific COVID-19 databases (grey literature). Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics, while thematic analysis will be performed for qualitative data. Preliminary findings will be presented to stakeholders to identify missing studies and develop effective dissemination strategies.Ethics and disseminationResults will be disseminated through publication in an open access scientific journal, scientific events, and academic and community newspapers. Ethical approval was obtained due to stakeholder consultation, but will not involve the direct participation of patients. Link to the protocol record in the Open Science Framework (OSF) (osf.io/q94en).
What do patients expect? Assessing patient-centredness from the patients’ perspective: an interview study
Authors: Zeh Stefan , Christalle Eva , Zill Jördis M , Härter Martin , Block Andreas , Scholl Isabelle 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveAlthough there has been much conceptual work on patient-centredness (PC), patients‘ perspectives on PC were neglected. In a previous study, participating patients rated the relevance of 16 dimensions of an integrative model of PC as high to very high. However, it remained unclear which specific behaviours described in the dimensions were considered most relevant. Thus, the aim of the current study was to further explore which of the specific behaviours described in the model are especially relevant for the high ratings in the previous study.Methods and designWe conducted semistructured interviews with 20 patients with chronic diseases (16 females, 4 males, mean age: 52 years). Patients answered questions regarding their experiences in the German healthcare system and how optimal healthcare would look like from their perspective. Furthermore, patients were asked to reflect on the most important aspects which they had mentioned in the interview before. Data were analysed via content analysis.ResultsParticipants addressed many different aspects of PC, but mostly focused on three major themes: (1) time appropriate access to care, (2) competence, empathy and being taken seriously by HCPs, (3) HCPs’ individual consideration of each patient’s situation (eg, wishes and needs). Minor themes were: (1) taking a holistic perspective of the patient, (2) patient-centred communication, (3) integration of multidisciplinary treatment elements, (4) transparency regarding waiting time and (5) reduction of unequal access to care.ConclusionThis study enriches the construct of PC by depicting essential aspects of PC from the patients’ perspective. The results allow prioritising strategies to implement patient-centred care. Thus, this study helps to pursue the ultimate goal of fostering patient-centred healthcare delivery in Germany.
Epidemiology of healthcare harm in New Zealand general practice: a retrospective records review study
Authors: Leitch Sharon , Dovey Susan , Cunningham Wayne , Wallis Katharine , Eggleton Kyle , Lillis Steven , McMenamin Andrew , Williamson Martyn , Reith David , Samaranayaka Ariyapala , Tilyard Murray 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the epidemiology of healthcare harm observable in general practice records.DesignRetrospective cohort records review study.Setting72 general practice clinics were randomly selected from all 988 New Zealand clinics stratified by rurality and size; 44 clinics consented to participate.Participants9076 patient records were randomly selected from participating clinics.InterventionEight general practitioners examined patient records (2011–2013) to identify harms, harm severity and preventability. Analyses were weighted to account for the stratified sampling design and generalise findings to all New Zealand patients.Main outcome measuresHealthcare harm, severity and preventability.ResultsReviewers identified 2972 harms affecting 1505 patients aged 0–102 years. Most patients (82.0%, weighted) experienced no harm. The estimated incidence of harm was 123 per 1000 patient-years. Most harms (2160; 72.7%, 72.4% weighted) were minor, 661 (22.2%, 22.8% weighted) were moderate, and 135 (4.5%, 4.4% weighted) severe. Eleven patients died, five following a preventable harm. Of the non-fatal harms, 2411 (81.6%, 79.4% weighted) were considered not preventable. Increasing age and number of consultations were associated with increased odds of harm. Compared with patients aged ≤49 years, patients aged 50–69 had an OR of 1.77 (95% CI 1.61 to 1.94), ≥70 years OR 3.23 (95% CI 2.37 to 4.41). Compared with patients with ≤3 consultations, patients with 4–12 consultations had an OR of 7.14 (95% CI 5.21 to 9.79); ≥13 consultations OR 30.06 (95% CI 21.70 to 41.63).ConclusionsStrategic balancing of healthcare risks and benefits may improve patient safety but will not necessarily eliminate harms, which often arise from standard care. Reducing harms considered ‘not preventable’ remains a laudable challenge.
Lifestyle and Empowerment Techniques in Survivorship of Gynaecologic Oncology (LETSGO study): a study protocol for a multicentre longitudinal interventional study using mobile health technology and biobanking
Authors: Vistad Ingvild , Skorstad Mette , Demmelmaier Ingrid , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Lindemann Kristina , Wisløff Torbjørn , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V , Berntsen Sveinung 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThe number of gynaecological cancer survivors is increasing and there is a need for a more sustainable model of follow-up care. Today’s follow-up model is time-consuming and patients have reported unmet needs regarding information about their cancer and strategies for managing the consequences of treatment. The main aim of this study is to assess health-related empowerment—in terms of patient education, psychosocial support, and promotion of physical activity—in a new follow-up model by comparing it to standard follow-up in a quasi-randomised study involving intervention hospitals and control hospitals.Methods and analysisAt the intervention hospitals, patients will be stratified by risk of recurrence and late effects to either 1 or 3 years’ follow-up. Nurses will replace doctors in half of the follow-up visits and focus in particular on patient education, self-management and physical activity. They will provide patients with information and guide them in goal setting and action planning. These measures will be reinforced by a smartphone application for monitoring symptoms and promoting physical activity. At the control hospitals, patients will be included in the standard follow-up programme. All patients will be asked to complete questionnaires at baseline and after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Blood samples will be collected for biobanking at 3, 12 and 36 months. The primary outcome is health-related empowerment. Secondary outcomes include health-related quality of life, adherence to physical activity recommendations, time to recurrence, healthcare costs and changes in biomarkers. Changes in these outcomes will be analysed using generalised linear mixed models for repeated measures. Type of hospital (intervention or control), time (measurement point), and possible confounders will be included as fixed factors.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics (2019/11093). Dissemination of findings will occur at the local, national and international levels.Trial registration numberNCT04122235.
Age-dependent effect of susceptibility factors on the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage: Multicenter Study on Cerebral Hemorrhage in Italy (MUCH-Italy)
Authors: Locatelli Martina , Grassi Mario , Saba Valentina , Iacovello Licia , di Castelnuovo Augusto , de Gaetano Giovanni , Zedde Marialuisa , Marcheselli Simona , silvestrelli Giorgio , Ciccone Alfonso , Delodovici Maria Luisa , Princiotta Cariddi Lucia , giossi Alessia , Zini Andrea , Paciaroni Maurizio , Acciarresi Monica , Azzini Cristiano , De Vito Alessandro , Gamba Massimo , Magoni Mauro , del Sette Massimo , Toriello Antonella , Gandolfo Carlo , Finocchi Cinzia , Bonifati Domenico Marco , Tassi Rossana , Martini Giuseppe , Cavallini Anna , Morotti Andrea , bonacina sonia , Mazzoleni Valentina , Pezzini Debora , Chiti Alberto , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Musolino Rosa , La Spina Paolo , Grillo Francesco , Tomelleri Giampaolo , Lodigiani Corrado , Ritelli Marco , Colombi Marina , Padovani Alessandro , Pezzini Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the age-dependent impact of traditional stroke risk factors on the occurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).MethodsWe performed a case–control analysis, comparing consecutive patients with ICH with age-matched and sex-matched stroke-free controls, enrolled in the setting of the Multicenter Study on Cerebral Hemorrhage in Italy (MUCH-Italy) between 2002 and 2014 by multivariable logistic regression model within subgroups stratified by age quartiles (Q1–Q4).ResultsWe analysed 3492 patients and 3492 controls. The impact of untreated hypertension on the risk of ICH was higher in the lower than in the upper age quartile (OR 11.64, 95% CI 7.68 to 17.63 in Q1 vs OR 6.05, 95% CI 3.09 to 11.85 in Q4 with intermediate ORs in Q2 and Q3), while the opposite trend was observed for untreated hypercholesterolaemia (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.97 in Q1 vs OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.56 in Q4 with intermediate ORs in Q2 and Q3). The effect of untreated diabetes and excessive alcohol intake was detected only in the older age group (OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.22 to 10.73, and OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.51, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence of age-dependent differences in the effects of susceptibility factors on the risk of ICH.
Manipulating strong electromagnetic fields with the average transverse momentum of relativistic nuclear collisions
Authors: Giacalone Giuliano , Shen Chun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe show that an event-shape engineering based on the mean transverse momentum of charged hadrons, $$[p_t]$$

[

p
t

]

, provides an optimal handle on the strength of the magnetic field created in central heavy-ion collisions at high energy. This is established through quantitative evaluations of the correlation existing between the event-by-event magnetic field produced by the spectator protons in 5.02 TeV Pb + Pb collisions and the event-by-event $$[p_t]$$

[

p
t

]

at a given collision centrality. We argue that the event selection based on $$[p_t]$$

[

p
t

]

provides a better handle on the magnetic field than the more traditional selection based on the event ellipticities. Advantages brought by this new method for the experimental search of the chiral magnetic effect are discussed.
Using Machine Learning for Dependable Outlier Detection in Environmental Monitoring Systems
Authors: Jesus Gonçalo , Casimiro António , Oliveira Anabela 
Published: July 2021

Sensor platforms used in environmental monitoring applications are often subject to harsh environmental conditions while monitoring complex phenomena. Therefore, designing dependable monitoring systems is challenging given the external disturbances affecting sensor measurements. Even the apparently simple task of outlier detection in sensor data becomes a hard problem, amplified by the difficulty in distinguishing true data errors due to sensor faults from deviations due to natural phenomenon, which look like data errors. Existing solutions for runtime outlier detection typically assume that the physical processes can be accurately modeled, or that outliers consist in large deviations that are easily detected and filtered by appropriate thresholds. Other solutions assume that it is possible to deploy multiple sensors providing redundant data to support voting-based techniques.
In this article, we propose a new methodology for dependable runtime detection of outliers in environmental monitoring systems, aiming to increase data quality by treating them. We propose the use of machine learning techniques to model each sensor behavior, exploiting the existence of correlated data provided by other related sensors. Using these models, along with knowledge of processed past measurements, it is possible to obtain accurate estimations of the observed environment parameters and build failure detectors that use these estimations. When a failure is detected, these estimations also allow one to correct the erroneous measurements and hence improve the overall data quality. Our methodology not only allows one to distinguish truly abnormal measurements from deviations due to complex natural phenomena, but also allows the quantification of each measurement quality, which is relevant from a dependability perspective.

We apply the methodology to real datasets from a complex aquatic monitoring system, measuring temperature and salinity parameters, through which we illustrate the process for building the machine learning prediction models using a technique based on Artificial Neural Networks, denoted
ANNODE
(
ANN Outlier Detection
). From this application, we also observe the effectiveness of our ANNODE approach for accurate outlier detection in harsh environments. Then we validate these positive results by comparing ANNODE with state-of-the-art solutions for outlier detection. The results show that ANNODE improves existing solutions regarding accuracy of outlier detection.
LncRNA ELF3-AS1 is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Tianming , Zhu Changhao , Wang Xing , Pan Yaozhen 
Published: July 2021

Background. Expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) ELF3 antisense RNA 1 (ELF3-AS1) is observed in some cancers, while its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between ELF3-AS1 and HCC based on database, bioinformatics, and statistical analysis. Methods. In this study, Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon sign-rank test, logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier method, Cox regression analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and immunoinfiltration analysis were used to assess the relationship between ELF3-AS1 expression and clinical characteristics of HCC patients, the relationship between ELF3-AS1 expression and prognosis of HCC patients, and the possible functions of ELF3-AS1 in HCC. Results. High expression of ELF3-AS1 in patients with HCC was related to T stage (

P

< 0.001), gender (

P

= 0.006), residual tumor (

P

= 0.008), histologic grade (

P

< 0.001), adjacent hepatic tissue inflammation (

P

= 0.011), AFP (

P

< 0.001), and vascular invasion (

P

= 0.028). High ELF3-AS1 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (

P

= 0.001) and DSS (

P

= 0.047). ELF3-AS1 expression (

P

= 0.011) was independently correlated with OS in HCC patients. In the high ELF3-AS1 expression group, GPCR-radioligand binding, M phase, Class A/1 (rhodopsin-like receptors), cell cycle checkpoints, translation, mitotic metaphase and anaphase, signaling by robo receptors, keratinization, and rRNA processing were differentially enriched by GESA. ELF3-AS1 expression was associated with immune infiltrating cells. Conclusions. ELF3-AS1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in HCC. ELF3-AS1 expression was significantly associated with immune infiltration. ELF3-AS1 is a promising biomarker that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.