bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bletinib ameliorates neutrophilic inflammation and lung injury by inhibiting Src family kinase phosphorylation and activity
Authors: Kao Ting‐I , Chen Po‐Jen , Wang Yi‐Hsuan , Tseng Hsin‐Hui , Chang Shih‐Hsin , Wu Tian‐Shung , Yang Sien‐Hung , Lee Yen‐Tung , Hwang Tsong‐Long 
Published: June 2021

Background and PurposeNeutrophil overactivation is crucial in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Bletinib (3,3′‐dihydroxy‐2′,6′‐bis(p‐hydroxybenzyl)‐5‐methoxybibenzyl), a natural bibenzyl, extracted from the Bletilla plant, exhibits anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and antimitotic effects. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of bletinib in human neutrophilic inflammation and LPS‐mediated ALI in mice.Experimental ApproachIn human neutrophils activated with the formyl peptide (fMLP), we assessed integrin expression, superoxide anion production, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and adhesion through flow cytometry, spectrophotometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunoblotting was used to measure phosphorylation of Src family kinases (SFKs) and downstream proteins. Finally, a LPS‐induced ALI model in male BALB/c mice was used to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of bletinib treatment.Key ResultsIn activated human neutrophils, bletinib reduced degranulation, respiratory burst, NET formation, adhesion, migration, and integrin expression; suppressed the enzymic activity of SFKs, including Src, Lyn, Fgr, and Hck; and inhibited the phosphorylation of SFKs as well as Vav and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). In mice with ALI, the pulmonary sections demonstrated considerable amelioration of prominent inflammatory changes, such as haemorrhage, pulmonary oedema, and neutrophil infiltration, after bletinib treatment.Conclusion and ImplicationsBletinib regulates neutrophilic inflammation by inhibiting the SFK‐Btk‐Vav pathway. Bletinib ameliorates LPS‐induced ALI in mice. Further biochemical optimisation of bletinib may be a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases.
Hydraulic architecture explains species moisture dependency but not mortality rates across a tropical rainfall gradient
Authors: Pivovaroff Alexandria L. , Wolfe Brett T. , McDowell Nate , Christoffersen Bradley , Davies Stuart , Dickman L. Turin , Grossiord Charlotte , Leff Riley T. , Rogers Alistair , Serbin Shawn P. , Wright S. Joseph , Wu Jin , Xu Chonggang , Chambers Jeffrey Q. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntensified droughts are affecting tropical forests across the globe. However, the underlying mechanisms of tree drought response and mortality are poorly understood. Hydraulic traits and especially hydraulic safety margins (HSMs), that is, the extent to which plants buffer themselves from thresholds of water stress, provide insights into species‐specific drought vulnerability. We investigated hydraulic traits during an intense drought triggered by the 2015–2016 El Niño on 27 canopy tree species across three tropical forest sites with differing precipitation. We capitalized on the drought event as a time when plant water status might approach or exceed thresholds of water stress. We investigated the degree to which these traits varied across the rainfall gradient, as well as relationships among hydraulic traits and species‐specific optimal moisture and mortality rates. There were no differences among sites for any measured trait. There was strong coordination among traits, with a network analysis revealing two major groups of coordinated traits. In one group, there were water potentials, turgor loss point, sapwood capacitance and density, HSMs, and mortality rate. In the second group, there was leaf mass per area, leaf dry matter content, hydraulic architecture (leaf area to sapwood area ratio), and species‐specific optimal moisture. These results demonstrated that while species with greater safety from turgor loss had lower mortality rates, hydraulic architecture was the only trait that explained species’ moisture dependency. Species with a greater leaf area to sapwood area ratio were associated with drier sites and reduced their transpirational demand during the dry season via deciduousness.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Sex‐specific changes in peripheral metabolism in a model of chronic anxiety induced by prenatal stress
Authors: Ferreira Ana Sofia , Galvão Sofia , Gaspar Rita , Rodrigues‐Neves Ana C. , Ambrósio António F. , Matafome Paulo , Gomes Catarina A. , Baptista Filipa I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal stress is associated with increased susceptibility to psychiatric and metabolic disorders later in life. Prenatal exposure to stress mediators may have sex‐dependent effects on offspring brain and metabolic function, promoting a sex‐specific vulnerability to psychopathology and metabolic alterations at adulthood. In this work, the impact of prenatal stress on glucose homeostasis and peripheral metabolism of male and female offspring was investigated in a chronic anxiety animal model.MethodsPregnant Wistar rats were injected with saline or glucocorticoid (dexamethasone: 1 mg/kg, subcutaneous) at gestational days 18 and 19. Male and female offspring weight was monitored, and anxious‐like behaviour and peripheral insulin‐sensitive tissues were analysed at adulthood.ResultsAt birth, females and males prenatally exposed to stress presented decreased body weight which remained low in females. At adulthood, a morphological disorganization of the Langerhans islets was observed in both sexes prenatally exposed to stress, yet not changes in insulin levels were detected. Also, prenatal stress increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT‐4) levels in female and male adipose tissues and decreased insulin receptor levels in the liver and skeleton muscle but only in females.ConclusionsExposure to stress mediators in critical periods of development negatively affects behaviour and metabolism. Prenatal stress programmes offspring peripheral metabolism in a sex‐specific manner, emphasizing that the response to stress in critical periods of development may be sex‐specific having each sex different vulnerabilities to psychiatric and metabolic disorders. Considering sex‐specificities may provide critical clues for the design of preventive strategies and for early therapeutic intervention.
Rethinking age heaping: a cautionary tale from nineteenth‐century Italy†
Authors: A'Hearn Brian , Delfino Alexia , Nuvolari Alessandro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAge heaping is widely employed as an indicator of human capital, more specifically of numeracy. We re‐examine the age heaping–numeracy link in the light of evidence from nineteenth‐century Italian censuses, in which education explains little of the variation in age heaping. We argue that in general age heaping is most plausibly interpreted as an indicator of cultural, economic, and institutional modernization rather than a straightforward measure of individual cognitive skills. We do not rule out the use of age heaping as a numeracy indicator, but this needs to be done with research designs that are alert to historical specificities of the context under investigation.
Anthropogenic disturbance favours generalist over specialist parasites in bird communities: Implications for risk of disease emergence
Authors: Dharmarajan Guha , Gupta Pooja , Vishnudas C. K. , Robin V. V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNiche theory predicts specialists which will be more sensitive to environmental perturbation compared to generalists, a hypothesis receiving broad support in free‐living species. Based on their niche breadth, parasites can also be classified as specialists and generalists, with specialists infecting only a few and generalists a diverse array of host species. Here, using avian haemosporidian parasites infecting wild bird populations inhabiting the Western Ghats, India as a model system, we elucidate how climate, habitat and human disturbance affects parasite prevalence both directly and indirectly via their effects on host diversity. Our data demonstrate that anthropogenic disturbance acts to reduce the prevalence of specialist parasite lineages, while increasing that of generalist lineages. Thus, as in free‐living species, disturbance favours parasite communities dominated by generalist versus specialist species. Because generalist parasites are more likely to cause emerging infectious diseases, such biotic homogenisation of parasite communities could increase disease emergence risk in the Anthropocene.
Ecumenical Solidarity
Authors: Abuom Agnes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn October 1970, the synod of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau agreed to support the Special Fund of the Programme to Combat Racism (PCR) of the World Council of Churches from church tax contributions. The church was the first regional Protestant church in West Germany to offer financial support to the Special Fund of the PCR, at a time when the programme was facing heavy criticism in the Federal Republic of Germany. This article is an edited version of a video address to a special session of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau synod on 26 November 2020 to commemorate the 1970 decision of the church.
Is a Joint Declaration on the Church and Ministry Possible Right Now?
Authors: Porada Rajmund 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article formulates propositions that stem from the achievements of ecumenical dialogue to date between Lutheran churches and the Roman Catholic Church. These propositions form a basis for formulating a kind of a joint declaration on the church and ecclesial communities, analogous to the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification. The paper does not claim to deal with all the issues involved, but points to certain assumptions founded on the dialogue‐related documents and accompanying theological reflection. Such a declaration would formally confirm that the current state of ecumenical relations has achieved a level of understanding about the church and ministry such that the remaining differences did not hinder the mutual recognition of both confessional communities as “legitimate” churches carrying out the mission of the one church of Jesus Christ. The declaration would also be a sign of accepting the doctrinal pluralism that has been present in the church since its beginning. The article concludes by suggesting that true ecumenism demands “sacrifices” for the unity on the part of each church. It should consist of an abandonment of some elements of church life that are important for the confessional identity and draw the lines of contemporary divisions.
Effects of the surface crack shape on J values along the front of an elliptical crack
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Bin , Janin Yin‐Jin , Bourga Renaud , Xue He 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSurface cracks are one of common forms of flaws in thin‐walled structures such as pressure vessels, oil, and gas pipelines. Accurate evaluation of the growth driving force of such surface cracks is important for integrity analyses of these structures. In this study, the combined effect of the depth and the length of a given surface crack under tension was analyzed using combined elastoplastic finite element analysis (EPFEA) and crack propagation experiments with selected crack shapes. Based on the consideration of the distribution profile of the J integral as the crack growth driving force along crack front, the crack growth stability with different crack shapes was analyzed. Finite element analysis (FEA) results showed that the growth from partial to through‐wall penetration is affected by the shape of the initial crack. As shown by the distribution profile of the J integral along the crack front, the location(s) of the maximum J, that is, the highest crack driving force, is (are) found to vary with the crack shape and development.
The value of quantitative environmental DNA analyses for the management of invasive and endangered native fish
Authors: Rojahn Jack , Pearce Luke , Gleeson Dianne M. , Duncan Richard P. , Gilligan Dean M. , Bylemans Jonas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring is a useful tool for species detection but its use in addressing management questions remains scarce. One factor limiting the use of eDNA as a routine monitoring tool is uncertainty around the potential of eDNA data to estimate species abundance. While several confounding factors limit the ability of eDNA data to estimate absolute abundances at large spatial and temporal scales, eDNA data have the potential to estimate relative species abundances patterns at smaller scales, and this information can assist management.

Environmental DNA and conventional monitoring surveys were conducted in the Abercrombie River catchment (Australia) where an incursion of the invasive redfin perch (Perca fluviatulis) threatens the survival of a population of endangered Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica). Species‐specific assays were used to quantify eDNA concentrations from water samples and estimate the relative abundance of both species. Electrofishing and fyke netting surveys were used to validate key observations from the eDNA survey.

Environmental DNA of both species was detected at all sites except one, where redfin perch DNA was not detected. Between species comparisons of eDNA concentrations revealed a clear negative relationship between the eDNA concentrations of both species, consistent with other evidence of redfin perch having a negative impact on Macquarie perch populations. Between site comparisons of redfin perch eDNA concentrations showed evidence of a novel incursion of the species in the upper reaches of the Abercrombie River and conventional monitoring in the following year confirmed the pattern of increased redfin perch abundances from downstream to upstream sites.

Relative comparisons of eDNA concentrations of aquatic species can be used to assess species interactions and reveal unexpected species abundance patterns (e.g. allowing inferences of novel incursions of invasive species). This information is critical to evaluate current, and design future, management strategies. Consequently, while deriving absolute species abundances from quantitative eDNA data may remain challenging, the use of quantitative eDNA surveys can provide relative abundance patterns valuable to the conservation and management of invasive and endangered species.

The quantitative nature of eDNA survey data has been debated extensively in the current literature because of potential confounding influences. Current study results show that these confounding influences may be less problematic at small spatial scales and quantitative eDNA data can be effective to monitor relative species abundances patterns.
SENP1 modulates microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation toward intermittent hypoxia‐induced cognitive decline through the de‐SUMOylation of NEMO
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Yang Tianyun , Sun Jinyuan , Zhang Sisen , Liu Song 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntermittent hypoxia (IH)‐induced cognition decline is related to the neuroinflammation in microglia. SUMOylation is associated with multiple human diseases, which can be reversed by sentrin/SUMO‐specific proteases 1 (SENP1). Herein, we investigated the role of SENP1 in IH‐induced inflammation and cognition decline. BV‐2 microglial cells and mice were used for inflammatory response and cognition function evaluation following IH treatment. Biochemical analysis and Morris water maze methods were used to elaborate the mechanism of SENP1 in IH impairment. Molecular results revealed that IH induced the inflammatory response, as evidenced by the up‐regulation of NF‐κB activation, IL‐1β and TNF‐α in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, IH decreased the expression of SENP1, and increased the SUMOylation of NEMO, not NF‐κB P65. Moreover, SENP1 overexpression inhibited IH‐induced inflammatory response and SUMOylation of NEMO. However, the inhibitions were abolished by siRNA‐NEMO. In contrast, SENP1 depletion enhanced IH‐induced inflammatory response and SUMOylation of NEMO, accompanying with increased latency and reduced dwell time in mice. Overall, the results demonstrated that SENP1 regulated IH‐induced neuroinflammation by modulating the SUMOylation of NEMO, thus activating the NF‐κB pathway, revealing that targeting SENP1 in microglia may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for IH‐induced cognitive decline.
A Mixed‐Methods Study of Nurse Managers’ Managerial and Clinical Challenges in Mental Health Centers During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Kagan Ilya , Shor Razya , Ben Aharon Iris , Yerushalmi Sarit , Kigli‐Shemesh Ronit , Gelman Sophi , Itzhaki Michal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe worldwide outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic has posed challenges for nurses. The aim of this study was to examine the managerial and clinical challenges of nurse managers in mental health centers during the current COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA mixed‐methods study based on an analysis of data obtained in focus groups with 25 nurse managers from two mental health centers in Israel.MethodsThe quantitative phase was conducted prior to the group sessions using a structured self‐administered questionnaire that examined the nurse managers’ (a) background data, (b) communication with the staff nurses, (c) perceptions of nurses’ functioning, (d) perceptions of their own functioning, and (e) management as impacted by the pandemic. The qualitative phase included three sessions of focus groups in which the nurse managers discussed both their challenging and positive issues during the pandemic.FindingsThe most important challenges were related to the need to protect patients from infection and communicating with families and primary caregivers. Work policies and procedures were less well adapted to pandemic conditions; nevertheless, nurse managers felt a sense of purpose, duty, and pride in their work. Three themes emerged: (a) "management complexity" included the change from a familiar routine to a new reality, working in capsules, protecting against infection, functional confusion, and insights into future epidemics; (b) "challenging communication" included communication with patients through glass walls and communication with staff through screens and (c) "bright spots" referred to staff cohesion and the provision of respectful care.ConclusionsMental health nurse managers have experienced during the pandemic a change in their roles from being less managerial to focusing more on clinical work. Communication between nurse managers and staff nurses and between mental health patients and staff were the main challenges. Nurse managers favorably noted the uniformity and humanity of the staff, sense of cohesion, and shared responsibility.Clinical RelevanceIn the first wave of the pandemic, there was confusion as to the functional role of ward nurse managers, as the focus of their activities became more clinical and less managerial. During and after the pandemic, preventive interventions should be carried out in order to assist patients, staff nurses, and nurse managers in mental health centers.
The effectiveness of Cyperus rotundus essential oil in reducing the side effects of laser hair removal
Authors: Mohammed Ghada F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn many ailments, Cyperus rotundus is an effective and safe treatment option. Flavonoids in the oil have anti‐inflammatory and analgesic properties. There have been no randomized controlled trials comparing topical C. rotundus oil to the available allopathic modalities for treating post‐hair removal laser side effects.ObjectivesParticipants in this study were prospectively evaluated for the efficacy of C. rotundus essential oil, compared with hydrocortisone and saline, in managing pain and erythema after laser hair removal.MethodsEligible participants (n = 153) were randomly assigned to one of three study groups: topical C. rotundus oil (group 1), hydrocortisone (group 2), or saline (group 3). The following methods were used to assess the results: The Wong‐Baker FACES Pain Scale was used to rate pain. Erythema was graded on a six‐point scale: "no erythema," "slight erythema," "marked erythema," "severe erythema without vesicles," and "severe erythema with vesicles."ResultsIn terms of anti‐inflammatory effects, C. rotundus oil and hydrocortisone did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). However, statistically significant differences in the analgesic effect (P.05) were observed, favoring the oil.ConclusionsCyperus rotundus essential oil is a safe and cost‐effective treatment for post‐laser pain and erythema.
It takes a village: How organizational support for adoption positively affects employees and their families
Authors: Quade Matthew J. , Hackney Kaylee J. , Carlson Dawn S. , Hanlon Ryan P. 
Published: June 2021

Extending the integration of conservation of resources theory with the spillover–crossover model, we broaden the scope of types of organizational support by examining the influence of organizational support for adoption (OSFA) as a work resource that could benefit employees, their spouse, and their adopted child. Specifically, we examine how this resource of OSFA contributes to job incumbent work–family enrichment (WFE) and indirectly to a work outcome (i.e., affective commitment) and spills over to impact family outcomes (i.e., attachment, relationship tension, and family functioning). Further, we examine the crossover to the spouse through positive crossover transmission to his/her commitment to the job incumbent’s organization and his/her family outcomes. Using a matched sample of 592 couples that had adopted a child, we found that the resource of OSFA indirectly influences the job incumbent’s work and family outcomes as expected. Further, we found OSFA indirectly influences the spouse’s commitment to the job incumbent’s organization and the spouse’s family outcomes through WFE and positive crossover transmission. Evidence of the content and construct validity of OSFA is also presented. Implications, both theoretical and practical, and suggestions for future research are discussed.Practitioner points

Employees who feel supported in their adoption by their organization are more committed to their organization.

Organizations that provide support for adoptive employees indirectly influence their spouses’ commitment to the employees’ organization.

Adoptive employees’ positive work experiences that result from organizational support for adoption spillover into their family domain.

Children who are adopted can benefit indirectly from their parents’ employing organization when that organization supports the adoption in tangible ways.