bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraventricular Flow Simulations in Singular Right Ventricles Reveal Deteriorated Washout and Low Vortex Formation
Authors: Grünwald Anna , Korte Jana , Wilmanns Nadja , Winkler Christian , Linden Katharina , Herberg Ulrike , Groß-Hardt Sascha , Steinseifer Ulrich , Neidlin Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with a functionally univentricular heart represent one of the most common severe cardiac lesions with a prevalence of 3 per 10,000 live births. Hemodynamics of the singular ventricle is a major research topic in cardiology and there exists a relationship between fluid dynamical features and cardiac behavior in health and disease. The aim of the present work was to compare intraventricular flow in single right ventricle (SRV) patients and subjects with healthy left hearts (LV) through patient-specific CFD simulations.

Methods
Three-dimensional real-time echocardiographic images were obtained for five SRV patients and two healthy subjects and CFD simulations with a moving mesh methodology were performed. Intraventricular vortex formation and vortex formation time (VFT) as well as the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and ventricular washout were evaluated.

Results
The results show significantly lower values for the VFT and the TKE in SRV patients compared with healthy LV subjects. Furthermore, vortex formation does not progress to the apex in SRV patients. These findings were confirmed by a significantly lower washout in SRV patients.

Conclusions
The study pinpoints the intriguing role of intraventricular flows to characterize performance of SRVs that goes beyond standard clinical metrics such as ejection fraction.
Weiterbildungsanbieter in Deutschland: Befunde aus dem DIE-Weiterbildungskataster
Authors: Schrader Josef , Martin Andreas 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse eines Katasters von Weiterbildungsanbietern in Deutschland vor. Die Erarbeitung des Katasters erfolgte im Rahmen einer Studie, die sich mit den Qualifikationen, den Beschäftigungsbedingungen und den Kompetenzen des Lehrpersonals in der Weiterbildung beschäftigt. Eine Erfassung von Weiterbildungseinrichtungen stellt dafür eine notwendige Voraussetzung dar, da das Lehrpersonal nur über die beschäftigenden Organisationen erreicht werden kann. Zu Beginn wird die Bedeutung eines aktuellen und vollständigen Katasters von Weiterbildungseinrichtungen in Deutschland vor dem Hintergrund des Forschungsstandes und dessen Systematisierung herausgearbeitet. Bisherige Bemühungen zur Abgrenzung, Erfassung und Kategorisierung der Grundgesamtheit organisierter Weiterbildung werden nachgezeichnet und die sich daraus ergebenden Desiderate abgeleitet. Im Anschluss wird das methodische Vorgehen bei der Erstellung, Verifikation, Hochrechnung und Gewichtung des Katasters beschrieben. Auf der Grundlage dieser Daten werden zunächst Informationen zur Zahl der Weiterbildungsanbieter und der Beschäftigungsverhältnisse für das lehrende Personal berichtet und sodann insbesondere im Blick auf ihre regionale Verteilung differenziert analysiert. Abschließend werden Anschlüsse für die Organisations-, die Professionalisierungs- und die Systemforschung der Weiterbildung aufgezeigt.
Surface atomic-layer superconductors with Rashba/Zeeman-type spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Uchihashi Takashi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, we review the recent progress in surface atomic-layer superconductors on semiconductor substrates with Rashba/Zeeman-type spin-orbit coupling (SOC). After introduction of some of the basics of Rashba/Zeeman-type SOC and its effects on superconductivity, representative surface structures with relevant features are described in terms of their crystalline and electronic properties. This is followed by recent experimental studies that have revealed anomalous superconducting phenomena, which can be attributed to the effects of Rashba/Zeeman-type SOC. Future prospects, likely to be driven by instrumentational developments, are given as a concluding remark.
Illegal settlement in the Babile Elephant Sanctuary is threatening the resident elephant population
Authors: Neil Emily , Greengrass Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Babile Elephant Sanctuary in Ethiopia was established in 1970 specifically to protect its elephants Loxodonta africana. They were once part of a larger population that ranged in eastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia but that was largely extirpated during the 20th century. Since its establishment, the Sanctuary has experienced severe anthropogenic pressure, inadequate government support, and civil conflict. Mapping was undertaken to analyse the rate of human immigration into the Sanctuary in 2006, 2014 and 2017, as part of an assessment of the Sanctuary's effectiveness in protecting its resident elephant population and in mitigating anthropogenic pressures. From 2006 to 2017 the number of illegal houses in the Sanctuary increased from 18,000 to > 50,000, of which > 32,000 were in the area in which elephants range. This settlement, coupled with high demand for natural resources, has resulted in significant habitat destruction and could also have exacerbated human–elephant conflict. Elephant conservation and monitoring by the Born Free Foundation were challenging because of ethnic conflict; rural and political stability is required if efforts to protect wildlife are to be successful. Unless these issues are resolved and the integrity of the Sanctuary is restored, this elephant population will be extirpated in the near future.
Channel Migration in Experimental River Networks Mapped by Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Chadwick A. J. , Steel E. , Williams‐Schaetzel R. A. , Passalacqua P. , Paola C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeltaic river networks naturally reorganize as interconnected channels move to redistribute water, sediment, and nutrients across the delta plain. Network change is documented in decades of satellite imagery and laboratory experiments, but our ability to measure and understand channel movements is limited: existing methods are difficult to employ efficiently and struggle to distinguish between gradual movements (channel migration) and abrupt shifts in river course (channel avulsions). Here, we present a method to extract channel migration from plan‐view imagery using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Although originally designed to track particles moving in a fluid, PIV can be adapted to track channels moving on the delta surface, based on input estimates of channel width, migration timescale, and maps of the wet‐dry interface. Results for a delta experiment show that PIV‐derived vector fields accurately capture channel‐bank movements, as compared to manually drawn maps and an independent image‐registration technique. Unlike other methods, PIV targets the process of channel migration, excluding changes associated with channel avulsions and overbank flow. PIV‐derived migration rates from the experiment span an order of magnitude and are reduced under lower sediment supply and during sea‐level rise, supporting recent models. Together, results indicate that PIV offers a fast and reliable way to measure channel migration in river networks, that channel migration rates under non‐cohesive conditions can displace channels a distance comparable to their width in the time needed to aggrade ∼10% of the channel depth, and that migration direction is ∼60% orthogonal to mean flow direction and ∼40% flow‐parallel overall.
Sensitization of the reinforcing value of high energy density foods is associated with increased zBMI gain in adolescents
Authors: Temple Jennifer L. , Ziegler Amanda M. , Crandall Amanda K. , Mansouri Tegan , Hatzinger Lori , Barich Rachel , Epstein Leonard H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Characterizing behavioral phenotypes that predict increased zBMI gain during adolescence could identify novel intervention targets and prevent the development of obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine if sensitization of the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of high (HED) or low energy density (LED) foods predicts adolescent weight gain trajectories. A secondary aim was to test the hypothesis that relationships between sensitization of the RRV of food and weight change are moderated by delay discounting (DD).

Subjects/Methods
We conducted a prospective, longitudinal cohort study in 201 boys and girls with an average zBMI of 0.4, who began the study between the ages of 12 and 14 years and completed the study 2 years later. Participants completed five laboratory visits where the RRV of HED and LED, and DD were assessed at a baseline (visits 1, 2, and 4) and then RRV was measured again after participants consumed a portion of the same HED and LED food for 2 weeks (visits 3 and 5; order counterbalanced). Increases (>1) in the RRV from baseline to post-daily intake were categorized as “sensitization” and decreases (≤1) were categorized as “satiation.” Participants returned to the laboratory for follow-up visits at 6, 15, and 24 months to have height and weight taken and to complete additional assessments.

Results
Sensitization to HED food was associated with a greater zBMI change over time (β = 0.0070; p = 0.035). There was no impact of sensitization to LED food or interaction between sensitization to HED and LED food on zBMI change and no moderation of DD on the relationship between HED sensitization and zBMI change (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Our prior work showed that sensitization to HED food is cross-sectionally associated with greater zBMI. This study extends this work by demonstrating that sensitization to HED food prospectively predicts increased zBMI gain over time in adolescents without obesity. Future studies should determine if sensitization can be modified or reduced through behavioral intervention.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04027608.
A new strategy for the fabrication of a flexible and highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensor
Authors: Qin Ruzhan , Hu Mingjun , Li Xin , Liang Te , Tan Haoyi , Liu Jinzhang , Shan Guangcun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of flexible capacitive pressure sensors has wide application prospects in the fields of electronic skin and intelligent wearable electronic devices, but it is still a great challenge to fabricate capacitive sensors with high sensitivity. Few reports have considered the use of interdigital electrode structures to improve the sensitivity of capacitive pressure sensors. In this work, a new strategy for the fabrication of a high-performance capacitive flexible pressure sensor based on MXene/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by an interdigital electrode is reported. By increasing the number of interdigital electrodes and selecting the appropriate dielectric layer, the sensitivity of the capacitive sensor can be improved. The capacitive sensor based on MXene/PVP here has a high sensitivity (~1.25 kPa−1), low detection limit (~0.6 Pa), wide sensing range (up to 294 kPa), fast response and recovery times (~30/15 ms) and mechanical stability of 10000 cycles. The presented sensor here can be used for various pressure detection applications, such as finger pressing, wrist pulse measuring, breathing, swallowing and speech recognition. This work provides a new method of using interdigital electrodes to fabricate a highly sensitive capacitive sensor with very promising application prospects in flexible sensors and wearable electronics.
Vinexin contributes to autophagic decline in brain ageing across species
Authors: Park So Jung , Frake Rebecca A. , Karabiyik Cansu , Son Sung Min , Siddiqi Farah H. , Bento Carla F. , Sterk Peter , Vicinanza Mariella , Pavel Mariana , Rubinsztein David C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAutophagic decline is considered a hallmark of ageing. The activity of this intracytoplasmic degradation pathway decreases with age in many tissues and autophagy induction ameliorates ageing in many organisms, including mice. Autophagy is a critical protective pathway in neurons and ageing is the primary risk factor for common neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we describe that autophagosome biogenesis declines with age in mouse brains and that this correlates with increased expression of the SORBS3 gene (encoding vinexin) in older mouse and human brain tissue. We characterise vinexin as a negative regulator of autophagy. SORBS3 knockdown increases F-actin structures, which compete with YAP/TAZ for binding to their negative regulators, angiomotins, in the cytosol. This promotes YAP/TAZ translocation into the nucleus, thereby increasing YAP/TAZ transcriptional activity and autophagy. Our data therefore suggest brain autophagy decreases with age in mammals and that this is likely, in part, mediated by increasing levels of vinexin.
Magnetism-induced topological transition in EuAs3
Authors: Cheng Erjian , Xia Wei , Shi Xianbiao , Fang Hongwei , Wang Chengwei , Xi Chuanying , Xu Shaowen , Peets Darren C. , Wang Linshu , Su Hao , Pi Li , Ren Wei , Wang Xia , Yu Na , Chen Yulin , Zhao Weiwei , Liu Zhongkai , Guo Yanfeng , Li Shiyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe nature of the interaction between magnetism and topology in magnetic topological semimetals remains mysterious, but may be expected to lead to a variety of novel physics. We systematically studied the magnetic semimetal EuAs3, demonstrating a magnetism-induced topological transition from a topological nodal-line semimetal in the paramagnetic or the spin-polarized state to a topological massive Dirac metal in the antiferromagnetic ground state at low temperature. The topological nature in the antiferromagnetic state and the spin-polarized state has been verified by electrical transport measurements. An unsaturated and extremely large magnetoresistance of ~2 × 105% at 1.8 K and 28.3 T is observed. In the paramagnetic states, the topological nodal-line structure at the Y point is proven by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Moreover, a temperature-induced Lifshitz transition accompanied by the emergence of a new band below 3 K is revealed. These results indicate that magnetic EuAs3 provides a rich platform to explore exotic physics arising from the interaction of magnetism with topology.
Paper microfluidic implementation of loop mediated isothermal amplification for early diagnosis of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Witkowska McConnell Weronika , Davis Chris , Sabir Suleman R. , Garrett Alice , Bradley-Stewart Amanda , Jajesniak Pawel , Reboud Julien , Xu Gaolian , Yang Zhugen , Gunson Rory , Thomson Emma C. , Cooper Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe early diagnosis of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a significant barrier to the treatment of the disease and to preventing the associated significant morbidity and mortality seen, worldwide. Current testing is delayed due to the high cost, long turnaround times and high expertise needed in centralised diagnostic laboratories. Here we demonstrate a user-friendly, low-cost pan-genotypic assay, based upon reverse transcriptase loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). We developed a prototype device for point-of-care use, comprising a LAMP amplification chamber and lateral flow nucleic acid detection strips, giving a visually-read, user-friendly result in <40 min. The developed assay fulfils the current guidelines recommended by World Health Organisation and is manufactured at minimal cost using simple, portable equipment. Further development of the diagnostic test will facilitate linkage between disease diagnosis and treatment, greatly improving patient care pathways and reducing loss to follow-up, so assisting in the global elimination strategy.
Reversing sintering effect of Ni particles on γ-Mo2N via strong metal support interaction
Authors: Lin Lili , Liu Jinjia , Liu Xi , Gao Zirui , Rui Ning , Yao Siyu , Zhang Feng , Wang Maolin , Liu Chang , Han Lili , Yang Feng , Zhang Sen , Wen Xiao-dong , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Wu Yichao , Li Xiaonian , Rodriguez José A. , Ma Ding 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReversing the thermal induced sintering phenomenon and forming high temperature stable fine dispersed metallic centers with unique structural and electronic properties is one of the ever-lasting targets of heterogeneous catalysis. Here we report that the dispersion of metallic Ni particles into under-coordinated two-dimensional Ni clusters over γ-Mo2N is a thermodynamically favorable process based on the AIMD simulation. A Ni-4nm/γ-Mo2N model catalyst is synthesized and used to further study the reverse sintering effect by the combination of multiple in-situ characterization methods, including in-situ quick XANES and EXAFS, ambient pressure XPS and environmental SE/STEM etc. The under-coordinated two-dimensional layered Ni clusters on molybdenum nitride support generated from the Ni-4nm/γ-Mo2N has been demonstrated to be a thermally stable catalyst in 50 h stability test in CO2 hydrogenation, and exhibits a remarkable catalytic selectivity reverse compared with traditional Ni particles-based catalyst, leading to a chemo-specific CO2 hydrogenation to CO.
Experimental realization of a 3D random hopping model
Authors: Lippe Carsten , Klas Tanita , Bender Jana , Mischke Patrick , Niederprüm Thomas , Ott Herwig 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScientific advance is often driven by identifying conceptually simple models underlying complex phenomena. This process commonly ignores imperfections which, however, might give rise to non-trivial collective behavior. For example, already a small amount of disorder can dramatically change the transport properties of a system compared to the underlying simple model. While systems with disordered potentials were already studied in detail, experimental investigations on systems with disordered hopping are still in its infancy. To this end, we experimentally study a dipole–dipole-interacting three-dimensional Rydberg system and map it onto a simple XY model with random couplings by spectroscopic evidence. We discuss the localization–delocalization crossover emerging in the model and present experimental signatures of it. Our results demonstrate that Rydberg systems are a useful platform to study random hopping models with the ability to access the microscopic degrees of freedom. This will allow to study transport processes and localization phenomena in random hopping models with a high level of control.
Probabilistic inference of the genetic architecture underlying functional enrichment of complex traits
Authors: Patxot Marion , Banos Daniel Trejo , Kousathanas Athanasios , Orliac Etienne J. , Ojavee Sven E. , Moser Gerhard , Holloway Alexander , Sidorenko Julia , Kutalik Zoltan , Mägi Reedik , Visscher Peter M. , Rönnegård Lars , Robinson Matthew R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe develop a Bayesian model (BayesRR-RC) that provides robust SNP-heritability estimation, an alternative to marker discovery, and accurate genomic prediction, taking 22 seconds per iteration to estimate 8.4 million SNP-effects and 78 SNP-heritability parameters in the UK Biobank. We find that only ≤10% of the genetic variation captured for height, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes is attributable to proximal regulatory regions within 10kb upstream of genes, while 12-25% is attributed to coding regions, 32–44% to introns, and 22-28% to distal 10-500kb upstream regions. Up to 24% of all cis and coding regions of each chromosome are associated with each trait, with over 3,100 independent exonic and intronic regions and over 5,400 independent regulatory regions having ≥95% probability of contributing ≥0.001% to the genetic variance of these four traits. Our open-source software (GMRM) provides a scalable alternative to current approaches for biobank data.
VviPLATZ1 is a major factor that controls female flower morphology determination in grapevine
Authors: Iocco-Corena Pat , Chaïb Jamila , Torregrosa Laurent , Mackenzie Don , Thomas Mark R. , Smith Harley M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlant genetic sex determinants that mediate the transition to dioecy are predicted to be diverse, as this type of mating system independently evolved multiple times in angiosperms. Wild Vitis species are dioecious with individuals producing morphologically distinct female or male flowers; whereas, modern domesticated Vitis vinifera cultivars form hermaphrodite flowers capable of self-pollination. Here, we identify the VviPLATZ1 transcription factor as a key candidate female flower morphology factor that localizes to the Vitis SEX-DETERMINING REGION. The expression pattern of this gene correlates with the formation reflex stamens, a prominent morphological phenotype of female flowers. After generating CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited alleles in a hermaphrodite genotype, phenotype analysis shows that individual homozygous lines produce flowers with reflex stamens. Taken together, our results demonstrate that loss of VviPLATZ1 function is a major factor that controls female flower morphology in Vitis.
Molecular insights into receptor binding energetics and neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Koehler Melanie , Ray Ankita , Moreira Rodrigo A. , Juniku Blinera , Poma Adolfo B. , Alsteens David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite an unprecedented global gain in knowledge since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, almost all mechanistic knowledge related to the molecular and cellular details of viral replication, pathology and virulence has been generated using early prototypic isolates of SARS-CoV-2. Here, using atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics, we investigated how these mutations quantitatively affected the kinetic, thermodynamic and structural properties of RBD—ACE2 complex formation. We observed for several variants of concern a significant increase in the RBD—ACE2 complex stability. While the N501Y and E484Q mutations are particularly important for the greater stability, the N501Y mutation is unlikely to significantly affect antibody neutralization. This work provides unprecedented atomistic detail on the binding of SARS-CoV-2 variants and provides insight into the impact of viral mutations on infection-induced immunity.
Freezing of few nanometers water droplets
Authors: Hakimian Alireza , Mohebinia Mohammadjavad , Nazari Masoumeh , Davoodabadi Ali , Nazifi Sina , Huang Zixu , Bao Jiming , Ghasemi Hadi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWater-ice transformation of few nm nanodroplets plays a critical role in nature including climate change, microphysics of clouds, survival mechanism of animals in cold environments, and a broad spectrum of technologies. In most of these scenarios, water-ice transformation occurs in a heterogenous mode where nanodroplets are in contact with another medium. Despite computational efforts, experimental probing of this transformation at few nm scales remains unresolved. Here, we report direct probing of water-ice transformation down to 2 nm scale and the length-scale dependence of transformation temperature through two independent metrologies. The transformation temperature shows a sharp length dependence in nanodroplets smaller than 10 nm and for 2 nm droplet, this temperature falls below the homogenous bulk nucleation limit. Contrary to nucleation on curved rigid solid surfaces, ice formation on soft interfaces (omnipresent in nature) can deform the interface leading to suppression of ice nucleation. For soft interfaces, ice nucleation temperature depends on surface modulus. Considering the interfacial deformation, the findings are in good agreement with predictions of classical nucleation theory. This understanding contributes to a greater knowledge of natural phenomena and rational design of anti-icing systems for aviation, wind energy and infrastructures and even cryopreservation systems.