bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Primary Sites of Hypopharyngeal Cancer Have Different Lymph Node Metastasis Patterns: A Retrospective Analysis From Multi-Center Data
Authors: Zhang Xiwei , Zhang Ye , Yu Xiaoduo , Sun Ying , Miao Susheng , Liu Shaoyan , Li Zhengjiang , Yi Junlin , An Changming 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundMost hypopharyngeal cancers (HPCs) develop lymph node metastasis (LNM) at initial diagnosis. Understanding the pattern of LNM in HPC could help both surgeons and radiologists make decisions in the management of cervical lymph nodes.MethodsA total of 244 newly diagnosed HPC patients between January 2010 and December 2018 were recruited from three specialized cancer hospitals in mainland China. All patients received pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and definitive radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy. We reassessed the features of the primary tumor (tumor size, primary location, and extent of invasion) and the involvement of lymph nodes at each level. According to the incidence of LNM, these levels were sequenced and sorted into drainage stations. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors for bilateral and regional lymph node metastasis.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 195 piriform sinus cancers (PSC), 47 posterior wall cancers (PWC), and 2 post-cricoid cancers (PCC). A total of 176 patients (72.1%) presented with MRI-detectable LNMs. The overall LNM rates for level II-VI and retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLNs) were 59.0%, 52.9%, 14.3%, 1.6%, 2.9%, and 16.4%, respectively. Based on the prevalence of LNM at each level, we hypothesize that the lymphatic drainage of PSC was carried out in sequence along three stations: Level II and III (61.0% and 55.4%), Level IV and RPLN (15.9% and 11.3%), and Level V and VI (1.5% and 3.1%). For PWCs, lymphatic drainage is carried out at two stations: Level II, III, and RPLN (48.9%, 40.4%, and 34.0%) and Level IV-VI (6.4%, 0%, and 2.1%). According to univariate and multivariate analyses, posterior wall invasion was significantly correlated with bilateral LNM (P = 0.030, HR = 2.853 95%CI, 1.110-7.338) and RPLN metastasis (P = 0.017, HR = 2.880 95%CI, 1.209-6.862). However, pyriform sinus invasion was less likely to present with bilateral LNM (P = 0.027, HR = 0.311, 95%CI, 0.111-0.875) and RPLN metastasis (P = 0.028, HR = 0.346, 95%CI, 0.134-0.891).Conclusions and RelevanceThe primary tumor site and extent of invasion are related to the pattern of lymph node metastasis. That is, the metastasis would drainage station by station along different directions.
Melanoma Plasticity: Promoter of Metastasis and Resistance to Therapy
Authors: Huang Fan , Santinon François , Flores González Raúl Ernesto , del Rincón Sonia V. 
Published: September 2021

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Although targeted therapies and immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic melanoma, most patients are not cured. Therapy resistance remains a significant clinical challenge. Melanoma comprises phenotypically distinct subpopulations of cells, exhibiting distinct gene signatures leading to tumor heterogeneity and favoring therapeutic resistance. Cellular plasticity in melanoma is referred to as phenotype switching. Regardless of their genomic classification, melanomas switch from a proliferative and differentiated phenotype to an invasive, dedifferentiated and often therapy-resistant state. In this review we discuss potential mechanisms underpinning melanoma phenotype switching, how this cellular plasticity contributes to resistance to both targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Finally, we highlight novel strategies to target plasticity and their potential clinical impact in melanoma.
Assisted Reproductive Technology and Anorectal Malformation: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Iacusso Chiara , Iacobelli Barbara Daniela , Morini Francesco , Totonelli Giorgia , Viggiano Milena , Caforio Leonardo , Bagolan Pietro 
Published: September 2021

Background:Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are becoming widespread, accounting for approximately 2% of all births in the western countries. Concerns exist on the potential association of ART with congenital anomalies. Few studies have addressed if a relationship exists between ART and the development of anorectal malformation (ARM). Our aim was to analyze the relationship between ARM and ART.Methods:Single-center retrospective case control study of all patients treated for ARM between 2010 and 2017. Patients with bronchiolitis treated since 2014 were used as controls. Variables analyzed include the following: prevalence of ART, gestational age, birth weight, and maternal age. Patients with ARM born after ART were also compared with those naturally conceived for disease complexity. Fisher's exact and Mann-WhitneyU-tests were used as appropriate.Results:Three hundred sixty-nine patients were analyzed (143 cases and 226 controls). Prevalence of ART was significantly higher in ARM patients than in controls [7.6 vs. 3.0%; odds ratio: 2.59 (95% CI, 0.98–0.68);p= 0.05]. Among ARM patients, incidence of VACTERL association (17%) is more frequent in ART babies.Conclusion:Patients with ARM were more likely to be conceived following ART as compared with controls without congenital anomalies. Disease complexity of patients with ARM born after ART seems greater that those born after nonassisted conception.
Nasotracheal vs. Orotracheal Intubation and Post-extubation Airway Obstruction in Critically Ill Children: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Angurana Suresh Kumar , Baranwal Arun Kumar , Nallasamy Karthi 
Published: September 2021

Background: The data on long-term nasotracheal intubation among mechanically ventilated critically ill children is limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of post-extubation airway obstruction (PEAO) with nasotracheal and orotracheal intubation.Methods: This open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted in PICU of a tertiary care and teaching hospital in North India from January-December 2020 involving intubated children aged 3 months−12 years. After written informed consent, children were randomized into nasotracheal and orotracheal intubation groups. Post-extubation, modified Westley's croup score (mWCS) was used at 10-timepoints (0-min, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48-h after extubation) to monitor for PEAO. The primary outcome was the rate of PEAO; and secondary outcomes were time taken for intubation, number of intubation attempts, complications during intubation, unplanned extubation, repeated intubations, tube malposition/displacement, endotracheal tube blockade, ventilator associated pneumonia, skin trauma, extubation failure/re-intubation, duration of PICU stay, and mortality.Results: Seventy children were randomized into nasotracheal (n = 30) and orotracheal (n = 40) groups. Both the groups were similar in baseline characteristics. The rate of PEAO was similar between nasotracheal and orotracheal groups (10 vs. 20%, p = 0.14). The maximum mWCS and mWCS at 10-timepoints were similar in two groups. The time taken for intubation was significantly longer (85 vs. 48 s, p &lt; 0.001) in nasotracheal group, whereas other secondary outcomes were similar in two groups.Conclusion: The rate of PEAO was not different between nasotracheal and orotracheal groups.Clinical Trial Registration:http://ctri.nic.in, Identifier: CTRI/2020/01/022988.
Efficacy of Intra-Arterial Plus Intravesical Chemotherapy for High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: Cheng Chunliang , Qiu Dongxu , Chen Jinbo , Zu Xiongbing , Liu Jinhui , Li Huihuang , Hu Jiao , Yi Zhenglin , He Tongchen , Chen Zhi , Cui Yu 
Published: September 2021

Background: The treatment for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains highly debated for its high recurrence and progression risk. This work aimed to verify the efficacy and toxicity of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) plus intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) in high-risk NMIBC.Methods: A comprehensive online literature search was conducted in three databases to select researches related to IAC + IVC for high-risk NMIBC. All data were analyzed using the Review Manager software version 5.3. And we used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to assessed the quality of these enrolled researches.Results: Seven eligible original publications were enrolled in our studies with a total of 1,247 patients. Compared with the intravesical instillation, IAC + IVC therapy showed a better therapeutic effect. The total odds ratio for tumor recurrence rate, tumor progression rate, survival rate, and tumor-specific death rate was calculated as 0.51 (95% CI: 0.36–0.72; p &lt; 0.05), 0.51 (95% CI: 0.36–0.72; p &lt; 0.05), 1.75 (95% CI: 1.09–2.81; p &lt; 0.05), and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.28–0.84; p &lt; 0.05), respectively. In patients who received IAC, most of the adverse events (AEs)in the treatment were Grade I and II.Conclusion: IAC + IVC regimen for high-risk NMIBC could effectively reduce recurrence and progression and provide a better prognosis than intravesical instillation. The adverse events of IAC were mild and acceptable.
The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of 11 Commonly Used Treatment Strategies Improving Arrhythmia of CHD in China: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Wei , Huang Qianqian , Yuan Chuqiao , Qu Liping , Xiao Xiaohe , Zou Wenjun 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Arrhythmia which as a common complication of CHD, has a high incidence. At present, more and more anti-arrhythmic drugs are used in clinical practice. However, which drug has the best efficacy and high safety is still unknown. Therefore, we decided to use NMA to solve this problem.Method: We searched CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane libraries, and collected all RCTs of arrhythmia of CHD, and used RevMan (5.3) and Stata (13.0) to carry out this NMA. The primary outcome indicator of this study is efficiency; the secondary outcome indicator is the incidence of adverse reactions.Result: A total of 134 RCTs, 13,951 patients, and 11 treatment strategies were included in this NMA. The results show that all treatment strategies can effectively improve the arrhythmia of patients. Among them, PMA+AM, AM+AT, AM+WG have higher effective rates, and PMA+AM, WG+ME, SC+ME have better safety. The effectiveness and safety of the treatment strategies which combined TCM and chemical drugs, are significantly better than that of using chemical drugs alone.Conclusion: The treatment strategy of combination of multiple drugs usually has higher efficiency and safety. PMA+AM seems to be the most recommended treatment strategy. In addition, the rational combination of TCM and chemical drugs may provide potential benefit.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42021229693.
REDES SOCIALES, VEJEZ Y POBREZA EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL QUINDÍO: El funcionamiento de las redes sociales de personas mayores de 60 años en condición de pobreza
Authors: Gómez-Santos César Augusto , Quintana-Urrea Leonardo Iván 
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se da cuenta del funcionamiento de las redes sociales de las personas mayores de 60 años que residen en contextos urbanos y que se encuentran en situación de pobreza o de pobreza extrema. En él se presenta parte de los resultados del proyecto del mismo nombre que ha sido financiado por la Vicerrectoría de investigaciones de la Universidad del Quindío.
La muestra para el estudio ha sido constituida por 591 personas mayores de 60 años que están clasificados en los niveles 1 y 2 del Sistema de Selección de Beneficiarios (SISBEN), a quienes se les ha indagado acerca de la percepción que tienen del funcionamiento de sus redes sociales informales tanto familiares como no familiares, así como los apoyos que reciben y que provienen de las redes formales de apoyo.
Se evidenció a través de la realización de este trabajo que las redes sociales se afectan debido a las precarias condiciones de vida que los adultos mayores presentan, pero que a pesar de ello las transferencias y los apoyos recíprocos ayudan a cubrir algunas de las necesidades que experimenta este grupo poblacional. Se desvirtúa además la falsa creencia de que los adultos mayores juegan un papel pasivo como receptor de ayudas de parte de las redes sociales, contrario a lo que se piensa se constata la reciprocidad de los intercambios de las personas mayores a pesar de las condiciones de pobreza, llegando a ser en muchos casos un proveedor de ayudas hacia los demás miembros de la red social.
TESTING THE NETWORK CODING PROTOCOL NCDP IN A DIAMOND TOPOLOGY NETWORK
Authors: ВЛАДИМИРОВ С.С. , КУЧЕРЯВЫЙ А.Е. 
Published: September 2021

Представлены результаты тестирования протокола сетевого кодирования (СК) NCDP для сети с ромбовидной топологией. Рассмотрена структура ромбовидной сети и проведено сравнение простой последовательной передачи с передачей методом СК. Определена структура заголовка протокола NCDP для пакетовданных и управляющих пакетов. Предложен вариант виртуального лабораторного стенда для исследования работы протокола и выполнено сравнение протокола NCDP с простой последовательной передачей данных по среднему времени доставки группы пакетов.
The results of testing the network coding protocol NCDP for a diamond topology network are presented. The structure of the diamond topology network is considered and a comparison of simple serial transmission with transmission by network coding method is made. The NCDP header structure for data packets and control packets is defined. A virtual laboratory testbed for studying the operation of the protocol is proposed and a comparison of the NCDP protocol with simple sequential data transmission by the average delivery time of a group of packets is performed.
MODELING THE FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE QUADRATURE THREE-LOOP L-BAND WAVELENGTH BRIDGE
Authors: АЛЕКСЕЙЧИК Л.В. , АНДРИЕВСКИЙ Н.В. 
Published: September 2021

Представлены результаты численного моделирования частотныххарактеристик квадратурного трехшлейфового моста (КШМ) L-диапазона, выполненного на основе симметричной полосковой линии с воздушным заполнением. Цель работы - установление допустимого уровня вносимых тепловых потерь полосковых линий (или других типов линий передачи), не оказывающих заметного влияния на рабочие характеристики КШМ, удовлетворяющие требуемым параметрам. Метод расчета основан на принципе декомпозиции электрической цепи КШМ на шесть симметричных 6-полюсников, три из которых соответствуют нечетной моде возбуждения КШМ, а три других - четной моде возбуждения КШМ. Алгебраическое суммирование матриц рассеяния указанных мод позволило получить частотные характеристики результирующей S-матрицы рассеяния КШМ. Нормирование S-матрицы к стандартному волновому сопротивлению 50 Ом выполнено с помощью вычисления собственных значений матриц рассеяния эквивалентных 4-полюсников КШМ. Моделирование проведено в среде LabVIEW.
The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of the frequency characteristics of the L-range quadrature three-loop bridge (QLB), based on the symmetric striped line with air filling. The purpose of the study is to establish the permissible level of introduced thermal losses of strip lines (or other types of transmission lines) that do not significantly affect the performance characteristics of the QLB, satisfying the required parameters. The calculation method is based on the principle of decomposition of the QLB electric circuit into six symmetric 6-poles, three of which correspond to the odd excitation mode of the QLB, and the other three correspond to the even excitation mode of the QLB. Algebraic summation of the scattering matrices of these modes made it possible to obtain frequency characteristics of the resulting S-scattering matrix of the qLb. The normalization of the S-matrix to the standard wave resistance of 50 Ohms was carried out using the calculation of the eigenvalues of the scattering matrices of equivalent 4-poles of the QLB. The simulation was carried out in the LabVIEW environment.
Preparação para a OBMEP: um relato de sucesso em duas escolas de Araguaína/TO
Authors: Silva Werley Sales da , Paula Fernanda Vital de 
Published: September 2021

A Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas (OBMEP) é um projeto nacional dirigido às Escolas Públicas e Privadas do Brasil, sendo realizada anualmente desde o ano de 2005. Este artigo tem como objetivos: apresentar as contribuições significativas para o ensino-aprendizagem da Matemática por meio do relato de experiência referente a uma ação realizada em duas escolas de Araguaína, TO, visando a preparação dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental para a segunda fase da OBMEP de 2017, 2018 e 2019; e fomentar o interesse docente em refletir sobre a relevância dessa olimpíada no estímulo do interesse dos discentes das escolas públicas, buscando melhorar o desempenho escolar dos alunos. O presente relato aponta que, por meio da OBMEP, os estudantes das referidas escolas passaram a se interessar cada vez mais pela área de Matemática, tendo em vista que a ação possibilitou a ampliação da forma de estudo da disciplina. Essa ação propiciou também o desenvolvimento da autoconfiança dos discentes, de modo que estes puderam notar suas capacidades em participar de uma competição de conhecimento com possibilidades de premiação.
Detection of Rolling-Element Bearing Faults in Non-stationary Quasi-Parallel Machinery Using Residual Analysis Augmented by Neural Networks
Authors: Helm Dustin , Timusk Markus 
Published: September 2021

This work proposes a methodology for the detection of rolling-element bearing faults in quasi-parallel machinery. In the context of this work, parallel machinery is considered to be any group of identical components of a mechanical system that are linked to operate on the same duty cycle. Quasi-parallel machinery can further be defined as two components not identical mechanically, but their operating conditions are correlated and they operate in the same environmental conditions. Furthermore, a new fault detection architecture is proposed wherein a feed-forward neural network (FFNN) is utilized to identify the relationship between signals. The proposed technique is based on the analysis of a calculated residual between feature vectors from two separate components. This technique is designed to reduce the effects of changes in the machines operating state on the condition monitoring system. When a fault detection system is monitoring multiple components in a larger system that are mechanically linked, signals and information that can be gleaned from the system can be used to reduce influences from factors that are not related to condition. The FFNN is used to identify the relationship between the feature vectors from two quasi-parallel components and eliminate the difference when no fault is present. The proposed method is tested on vibration data from two gearboxes that are connected in series. The gearboxes contain bearings operating at different speeds and gear mesh frequencies. In these conditions, a variety of rolling-element bearing faults are detected. The results indicate that improvement in fault detection accuracy can be achieved by using the additional information available from the quasi-parallel machine. The proposed method is directly compared to a typical AANN novelty detection scheme.
Challenges in Implementing STEM Education and Role of Teacher Education Programs in Mitigating these Challenges
Authors: Abdul Nasir Kiazai  , Naila Siddiqua  , Zarina Waheed  
Published: September 2021

STEM instruction is an incorporated methodology that consolidates science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. This study aimed at finding expected challenges in implementing STEM education and role of teacher education programs in mitigating possible challenges in implementing STEM education in Baluchistan. To achieve the objectives, quantitative methodology was used. Sample was selected using judgmental convenience sampling technique. The sample of the study consisted of, 202 pre-service teacher educators from three public universities of Quetta. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentage. The findings indicated that although the implementation of integrated STEM education in Baluchistan may face challenges, the role of teacher education programs in mitigating these challenges is significant.
EFEKTIFITAS PERMAINAN “DHAKO” PADA PEMBELAJARAN BERHITUNG DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS (MATHEMATIC) BAGI SISWA KELAS 5 SDN AENGDAKE I
Authors: Fatoni Akhmad Feri , Cahyono Anang Hadi 
Published: September 2021

Salah satu materi pelajaran bahasa Inggris yang menjadi dasar untuk belajar pada level selanjutnya adalah berhitung dalam bahasa Inggris (mathematic). Disebabkan pelajaran bahasa Inggris sangat berbeda dengan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa ibu, seorang guru harus menerapkan konsep belajar yang menarik. “Dhako” sebagai sebuah permainan berkearifan lokal merupakan sebuah variabel yang penting untuk dijadikan media pembelajaran agar siswa tidak kehilangan nilai-nilai kedaerahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi permainan “dhako” pada pembelajaran berhitung dalam bahasa inggris (mathematic).
Penelitian ini menggunakan quasy-eksperimen dengan pre-post test. Dari total dua puluh satu siswa dibagi dalam kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen dengan menggunakan metode random. Uji statistik menggunakan Paired T Test, Levene's Test, dan Independent T Test. Hasil pada uji Paired T Test Paired Sample Test diketahui terdapat perbedaan rata-rata antara hasil belajar pre test dan post nilai signifikansi (2-tailed) sebesar 0,002 < 0,05. Levene's Test for Equality of Variances adalah sebesar 0,882 > 0,05 yang berarti kelas Intervensi dan kelas Kontrol adalah sama atau homogen. Independent Samples Test sebesar 0,039 < 0,05 menyimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan efektifitas yang signifikan (nyata) antara penggunaan permainan dhako pada pembelajaran berhitung dalam bahasa inggris (mathematic) dan tidak menggunakan permainan dhako pada pembelajaran berhitung dalam bahasa inggris (mathematic) bagi siswa kelas 5 SDN AENGDAKE I.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V DALAM MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Isman Lauhil Mahfuzh , Karyono Hari , Rahayu Endang Mastuti 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of applying Problem Based Learning model and achievement motivation on the learning outcomes of fifth grade students. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method with two-variant analysis techniques. This type of research is experimental research. The subjects of this study were the fifth grade students fo SDN Jemundo 1, totaling 25 students as the experimental group and the fifth grade students of SDN Sadang, totaling 24 students as the control group in the 2020/2021 school year. The results of this study are (1) there is an effect of applying Problem Based Learning (PBL) model (mean of 81.24) and conventional learning (mean of 79.20) on the Mathematics subject of fifth grade students of SDN Taman sub-district Sidoarjo where PBL model is more effective with a significance value of 0.000. (2) there is an influence of achievement motivation on learning outcomes where students with high achievement motivation (mean value 81.46) are superior to students with low achievement motivation (mean value 78.63) with a significance value of 0.001. (3) there is an interaction between the application of PBL model and achievement motivation on learning outcomes with a significance value of 0.001. Thus, problem based learning model and achievement motivation can effect student leaning outcomes in mathematics.
Keywords: Problem Based Learning (PBL) model, Achievement Motivation, Outcome of Learning