bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsubstantiated conclusions about the Family Star Plus as an outcome measure: a rebuttal to Sweet, Winter, Neeson and Connolly (2020)
Authors: Good Anna , MacKeith Joy 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to explain why Sweet et al.'s assertions are not well founded and raise unsubstantiated doubt over the use of the Family star Plus and the Outcomes Star suite of tools as outcomes measures.

Design/methodology/approach
Evidence is presented of flaws in the analysis, reporting and conclusions of an article published in this journal (Sweet et al., 2020).

Findings
Sweet et al. failed to mention a body of Outcomes Star validation work, including over 20 online reports and a manuscript they had seen of a now published article supporting the reliability and validity of the Family Star Plus (Good and MacKeith, 2020). There are significant issues with their methodology, presentation of results and conclusions including: reliance on statistical significance with a small sample size; use of statistics not intended for ordinal data and; and inappropriate conclusions from convergence with measures conceptually different to the Family Star Plus.

Originality/value
Evidence is presented that the Family Star Plus is a useful and valid outcome measure and that Sweet et al.’s conclusions can be attributed to issues with their methodology and interpretation.
What Social Media Facilitates, Social Media should Regulate: Duties in the New Public Sphere
Authors: Smith Leonie , Niker Fay 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article offers a distinctive way of grounding the regulative duties held by social media companies (SMCs). One function of the democratic state is to provide what we term the right to democratic epistemic participation within the public sphere. But social media has transformed our public sphere, such that SMCs now facilitate citizens’ right to democratic epistemic participation and do so on a scale that was previously impossible. We argue that this role of SMCs in expanding the scope of what counts as fair democratic epistemic participation, and in becoming the providers of access to the digital public sphere, brings with it duties of regulation.
Study on water resources consumption and environmental pollution of China's provinces under different economic development levels
Authors: Zhang Chenjun , Hua Rui , Shi Zhen , Chiu Yung‐ho , Qin Shijiong , Sun Xinrui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn China, the contradiction between rapid economic development and water shortage has attracted much attention. This paper explores the problems of water consumption and environmental pollution in provinces with different economic development levels in China. Sewage discharge is put into the undesirable meta frontier dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) model as an undesirable output variable. The water use efficiency under different income levels from 2013 to 2017 is compared at the provincial level from the perspective of domestic water use efficiency, ecological water use efficiency, industrial water use efficiency and agricultural water use efficiency, and the dynamic evolution is further revealed by using kernel density estimation. The results show that water resource utilisation efficiency is positively correlated with regional income level and economic development level. The internal differences in high‐income areas are narrowing, while the internal differences in middle‐income areas are significantly expanding; agricultural water use efficiency is the most prominent problem. In view of these situations, the total amount and intensity of water consumption should be controlled in high‐income areas. For middle‐income provinces with abundant water resources but low efficiency, local governments can strengthen legislation and supervision.
Financial Analysis in Banking: The Challenge of Segment Reporting*
Authors: Bui Long T. , Magnan Michel , Moldovan Rucsandra 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAn equity analyst at Q&M Independent Research Corporation is assessing the financial and business prospects of two Canadian banks: Bank of Montréal and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. Relying on recent information provided in the financial statements and proxy circulars from both banks, the analyst faces some challenges in performing a prospective analysis, a key input to any valuation model. The case highlights the cost‐benefit analysis of disclosure that banks may perform when applying IFRS 8 – Operating Segments. The case also illustrates the challenges that segment disclosure poses to financial analysts and investors as they attempt to forecast a bank's earnings and to perform a valuation. Furthermore, the case develops the process by which a bank's business model is linked with its financial reporting and, ultimately, its valuation.
Role of multiparametric ultrasound in testicular focal lesions and diffuse pathology evaluation, with particular regard to elastography: Review of literature
Authors: Cantisani Vito , Di Leo Nicola , Bertolotto Michele , Fresilli Daniele , Granata Antonio , Polti Giorgia , Polito Eleonora , Pacini Patrizia , Guiban Olga , Del Gaudio Giovanni , Dolcetti Vincenzo , DʼAndrea Vito , Di Pierro Giovanni Battista , Verrengia Marco , Drudi Francesco Maria , Catalano Carlo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound is the main requested technique for the assessment of traumatic, vascular, neoplastic, and inflammatory testicular pathology. Moreover, the role of ultrasound has broadened over the years along with the introduction of new techniques, such as contrast enhanced ultrasound and ultrasound elastography.ObjectiveAn updated representation of the pre‐existing Literature evidence for multiparametric ultrasound imaging with particular regard to elastography, in the evaluation of focal and diffuse testicular pathologies, has been presented.MethodsThe search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus databases from the earliest available article (1977) until January 2021. Based on the evidence of the Literature, the current role of US imaging for focal and diffuse testicular pathologies has been reported and illustrated, with emphasis on examination technique, classification, and pitfalls. Results: Multiparametric Ultrasound has a recognized role for testicle focal and diffuse disease. Elastography is nowadays recognized as an essential part of the multiparametric ultrasound examination. However, in the setting of testicular pathology this method showed some promising results in the setting of varicocoele and for focal lesions characterization. In the remaining field its role is still under debate.DiscussionB‐mode ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound have been for a long time the diagnostic gold standard for testicular pathologies. The introduction of both contrast enhanced ultrasound and elastography in the last two decades has brought to the emergence of the multiparametric ultrasound concept. These methods are currently able to increase diagnostic confidence especially for testicular lesions characterization, with different relevance depending on the pathology under consideration.ConclusionMultiparametric ultrasound testis assessment, with specific regard to elastography is nowadays recommended for focal and diffuse disease evaluation. Further and larger studies are however needed to validate these results and to understand if the role of elastography in testicular pathology may be broadened.
Comparative evaluation of forestry carbon baseline between North Korea and Mongolia from Google Earth
Authors: Um Dan‐Bi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis comparative empirical study on North Korea and Mongolia was conducted to demonstrate how satellite imagery extracted from Google Earth can be used to estimate the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) baseline. Forests in North Korea are eight times more densely distributed (8 471 787 hectares, 69.6% of its total land area) than that of Mongolia (12 842 624 hectares, only 8% of its total land area). Forests in North Korea have up to 10 times more carbon storage capacity (e.g. above‐ground biomass of Pinus koraiensis under the category of the temperate continental forest, IPCC Guideline: 58.23 ton) than that of Mongolia (e.g. above‐ground biomass of coniferous in boreal tundra woodland: 5 ton). Results are expected to be used as objective basic data in the process of introducing REDD+ to North Korea by verifying sharp differences between North Korea and Mongolia. The study could help companies preparing for carbon offset ventures in North Korea since it provides evidence for a more cost‐effective carbon credit than in Mongolia despite less initial investment and maintenance cost for forest plantation.
Carcinoembryonic antigen as a specific glycoprotein ligand of rBC2LCN lectin on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Furuta Tomoaki , Oda Tatsuya , Kiyoi Kayo , Yusuke Ozawa , Kimura Sota , Kurimori Ko , Miyazaki Yoshihiro , Yu Yang , Furuya Kinji , Akashi Yoshimasa , Shimomura Osamu , Tateno Hiroaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe rBC2LCN lectin, known as a stem cell marker probe that binds to an H type 3 fucosylated trisaccharide motif, was recently revealed to also bind to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. A lectin‐drug conjugate was generated by fusing rBC2LCN with a cytocidal toxin, and it showed a strong anticancer effect in in vitro and in vivo PDAC models. However, it is unclear which molecules are carrier proteins of rBC2LCN on PDAC cells. In this study, we identified a rBC2LCN‐positive glycoprotein expressed in PDAC. Tumor lysates of PDAC patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) were coprecipitated with rBC2LCN lectin and analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 343 proteins were initially identified. We used a web‐based database to select five glycoproteins and independently evaluated their expression in PDAC by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Among them, we focused on carcinoembryonic antigen 5 (CEA) as the most cancer‐specific carrier protein in PDAC, as it showed the most prominent difference in expression rate between PDAC cells (74%) and normal pancreatic duct cells (0%, P > .0001). rBC2LCN lectin and CEA colocalization in PDAC samples was confirmed by double‐staining analysis. Furthermore, rBC2LCN‐precipitated fractions were blotted with an anti‐CEA polyclonal antibody (pAb), and CEA pAb–precipitated fractions were blotted with rBC2LCN lectin. The results demonstrate that CEA is in fact a ligand of rBC2LCN lectin.
Fat chance? Endangered penguin rehabilitation has mixed conservation outcomes
Authors: Alden Bryony , van Heezik Yolanda , Seddon Philip J. , Reid Julia , Young Melanie J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRehabilitation of sick or injured wildlife supports wild populations of threatened species by improving the health of individuals. Post‐release assessment of the efficacy of rehabilitation relies on re‐sighting and identification of both rehabilitated and comparable wild individuals. For species or age classes with naturally low survival rates and re‐sighting probabilities, evaluating the long‐term success of rehabilitation is challenging. We use a rehabilitation database in conjunction with a long‐term monitoring database to determine rehabilitation outcomes for yellow‐eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) chicks across 10 breeding seasons. Although rehabilitated chicks fledged at a higher mass, their post‐fledging survival probability was lower (0.23 ± 0.10—0.47 95% CI) than that of healthy (>5 kg) wild‐fledging conspecifics (0.38 ± 0.26—0.51 95% CI), or even of underweight (<5 kg) chicks fledging naturally (0.28 ± 0.11—0.53 95% CI). Removing underweight chicks for rehabilitation did not improve parent survival to the following season nor did it influence future breeding propensity; c. 100% of parents subsequently attempted to breed regardless of previous breeding outcome or interventions. Most wildlife rehabilitation programmes assume that efforts are improving the conservation status of the species, but longer‐term implications must be tested to ensure that scarce resources are expended on the best possible conservation outcomes.
Genetic testing in individuals with cerebral palsy
Authors: May Halie J , Fasheun Jennifer A , Bain Jennifer M , Baugh Evan H , Bier Louise E , Revah‐Politi Anya ,   New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center Genomics Team, Roye David P , Goldstein David B , Carmel Jason B 
Published: June 2021

AIM To determine which patients with cerebral palsy (CP) should undergo genetic testing, we compared the rate of likely causative genetic variants from whole‐exome sequencing in individuals with and without environmental risk factors.METHOD Patients were part of a convenience and physician‐referred cohort recruited from a single medical center, and research whole‐exome sequencing was completed. Participants were evaluated for the following risk factors: extreme preterm birth, brain bleed or stroke, birth asphyxia, brain malformations, and intrauterine infection.RESULTS A total of 151 unrelated individuals with CP (81 females, 70 males; mean age 25y 7mo [SD 17y 5mo], range 3wks–72y) participated. Causative genetic variants were identified in 14 participants (9.3%). There was no significant difference in diagnostic rate between individuals with risk factors (10 out of 123; 8.1%) and those without (4 out of 28; 14.3%) (Fisher’s exact p=0.3).INTERPRETATION While the rate of genetic diagnoses among individuals without risk factors was higher than those with risk factors, the difference was not statistically significant at this sample size. The identification of genetic diagnoses in over 8% of cases with risk factors suggests that these might confer susceptibility to environmental factors, and that further research should include individuals with risk factors.
What this paper adds

There is no significant difference in diagnostic rate between individuals with and without risk factors.

Genetic variants may confer susceptibility to environmental risk factors.

Six causative variants were identified in genes not previously associated with cerebral palsy.

Global developmental delay/intellectual disability is positively associated with a genetic etiology.

Extreme preterm birth, stroke/brain hemorrhage, and older age are negatively associated with a genetic etiology.
A Remarkable Alliance: Sibling Autonomy Support and Goal Progress in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Audet Élodie C. , Levine Shelby L. , Holding Anne C. , Koestner Richard , Powers Theodore A. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe present study used a self‐determination theory framework to investigate whether sibling autonomy support enhanced goal progress, need satisfaction, and well‐being during emerging adulthood.BackgroundPrior research has demonstrated that autonomy support from parents was significantly more beneficial for emerging adults than similar support from peers. However, little is known about sibling autonomy support on goal progress, need satisfaction, and subjective well‐being.MethodsA five‐wave prospective longitudinal study was conducted across four consecutive school years (2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018) and included a total of 1,544 university students (82% female; mean age 20.44) who answered surveys. Separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses for parent, peer, and sibling support were conducted.ResultsAlthough goal support from siblings was much less common than support from parents and peers (13% vs. 70% and 82%, respectively), the effects of sibling support paralleled those obtained for parental support, demonstrating higher goal progress, need satisfaction, and subjective well‐being over the year. The beneficial effect of sibling autonomy support on well‐being was mediated by enhanced goal progress and need satisfaction.ConclusionThe results indicate that turning to siblings for support when pursuing goals can be highly advantageous as long as it is empathic rather than directive.ImplicationPractitioners should address sibling dynamics when working with emerging adults, as autonomy‐supportive siblings were associated with greater goal progress and need satisfaction, which together enhanced well‐being over time.
Isotopic Compositions (Li‐B‐Si‐O‐Mg‐Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb) and Fe2+/ΣFe Ratios of Three Synthetic Andesite Glass Reference Materials (ARM‐1, ARM‐2, ARM‐3)
Authors: Wu Shitou , Yang Yueheng , Jochum Klaus Peter , Romer Rolf L. , Glodny Johannes , Savov Ivan P. , Agostini Samuele , De Hoog Jan C.M. , Peters Stefan T.M. , Kronz Andreas , Zhang Chao , Bao Zhian , Wang Xiaojun , Li Youlian , Tang Guoqiang , Feng Lianjun , Yu Huimin , Li Zhenxin , Zhang Le , Lin Jie , Zeng Yuan , Xu Chunxue , Wang Yaping , Cui Zhu , Deng Li , Xiao Jun , Liu Yanhong , Xue Dingshuai , Zhang Di , Jia Lihui , Wang Hao , Xu Lei , Huang Chao , Xie Liewen , Pack Andreas , Wörner Gerhard , He Maoyong , Li Chaofeng , Yuan Honglin , Huang Fang , Li Qiuli , Yang Jinhui , Li Xianhua , Wu Fuyuan 
Published: June 2021

To expand the newly developed ARM glasses as reference materials for in situ microanalysis of isotope ratios and iron oxidation state by a variety of techniques such as SIMS, LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS and EPMA, we report Li‐B‐Si‐O‐Mg‐Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotope data and Fe2+/ΣFe ratios for these glasses. The data were mainly obtained by TIMS, MC‐ICP‐MS, IR‐MS and wet‐chemistry colorimetric techniques. The quality of these data was cross‐checked by comparing different techniques or by comparing the results from different laboratories using the same technique. All three glasses appear to be homogeneous with respect to the investigated isotope ratios (except for B in ARM‐3) and Fe2+/ΣFe ratios at the scale of sampling volume and level of the analytical precision of each technique. The homogeneity of Li‐B‐O‐Nd‐Pb isotope ratios at the microscale (30–120 μm) was estimated using LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS and SIMS techniques. We also present new EPMA major element data obtained using three different instruments for the glasses. The determination of reference values for the major elements and their uncertainties at the 95% confidence level closely followed ISO guidelines and the Certification Protocol of the International Association of Geoanalysts. The ARM glasses may be particularly useful as reference materials for in situ isotope ratio analysis.
A new, undescribed species of Melanocharis berrypecker from western New Guinea and the evolutionary history of the family Melanocharitidae
Authors: Milá Borja , Bruxaux Jade , Friis Guillermo , Sam Katerina , Ashari Hidayat , Thébaud Christophe 
Published: June 2021

Western New Guinea remains one of the last biologically underexplored regions of the world, and much remains to be learned regarding the diversity and evolutionary history of its fauna and flora. During a recent ornithological expedition to the Kumawa Mountains in West Papua, we encountered an undescribed species of Melanocharis berrypecker (Melanocharitidae) in cloud forest at an elevation of 1200 m asl. Its main characteristics are iridescent blue‐black upperparts, satin‐white underparts washed lemon yellow, and white outer edges to the external rectrices. Initially thought to represent a close relative of the Mid‐mountain Berrypecker Melanocharis longicauda based on elevation and plumage colour traits, a complete phylogenetic analysis of the genus based on full mitogenomes and genome‐wide nuclear data revealed that the new species, which we name Satin Berrypecker Melanocharis citreola sp. nov., is in fact sister to the phenotypically dissimilar Streaked Berrypecker Melanocharis striativentris. Phylogenetic relationships within the family Melanocharitidae, including all presently recognized genera (Toxorhamphus, Oedistoma, Rhamphocharis and Melanocharis), reveal that this family endemic to the island of New Guinea diversified during the main uplift of New Guinea in the Middle and Late Miocene (14.6 Mya), and represents an evolutionary radiation with high disparity in bill morphology and signalling traits across species. Rhamphocharis berrypeckers fall within the Melanocharis clade despite their larger beaks and should be included in the latter genus. Interspecific genetic distances in Melanocharis are pronounced (average interspecific distance: 8.8% in COI, 12.4% in ND2), suggesting a long history of independent evolution of all lineages corresponding to currently recognized species, including the Satin Berrypecker, which shares a most recent common ancestor with its sister species in the early Pleistocene (˜ 2.0 Mya).
Effect of a sonic toothbrush on the abrasive dentine wear using toothpastes with different abrasivity values
Authors: Hamza Blend , Uka Entoni , Körner Philipp , Attin Thomas , Wegehaupt Florian Just 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of a sonic toothbrush on the resulting abrasive dentine wear using toothpastes with different abrasivities compared to the use of a manual toothbrush.MethodsNinety‐six bovine dentine samples were divided into six groups and subjected to a brushing sequence (sonic: 20 min, 0.9 N, 10 strokes/min; manual: 20 min, 1.6 N, 60 strokes/min) as follows: group 1: Elmex Sensitive Plus (RDA = 28) + manual toothbrush; group 2: Elmex Sensitive + sonic toothbrush; group 3: Elmex Kariesschutz (RDA = 65) + manual toothbrush; group 4: Elmex Kariesschutz +sonic toothbrush; group 5: Colgate Total Original (RDA = 121) + manual toothbrush; and group 6: Colgate Total Original +sonic toothbrush. The abrasive dentine wear was measured profilometrically.ResultsThe median (IQR) abrasive dentine wear was as follows: Elmex Sensitive Plus (manual toothbrush: 2.7 µm (0.8), sonic toothbrush: 3.1 µm (1.9)); Elmex Kariesschutz (manual toothbrush: 4.9 µm (1.4), sonic toothbrush: 6.4 µm (2.1)); and Colgate Total Original (manual toothbrush: 5.2 µm (1.1), sonic toothbrush: 9.0 µm (3.1)). Differences in dentine wear between sonic and manual toothbrushes were statistically significant only in the groups brushed with Elmex Kariesschutz and Colgate Total Original (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionBrushing with a sonic toothbrush could result in a higher abrasive dentine wear compared to manual toothbrush when combined with toothpastes with high abrasivity values.
B2M gene expression shapes the immune landscape of lung adenocarcinoma and determines the response to immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Yu , Cao Yuejiao , Chen Yiqi , Wu Lei , Hang Hua , Jiang Chenxia , Zhou Xiaorong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLoss of the B2M gene is associated with tumour immune escape and resistance to immunotherapy. However, genetic alterations of the B2M gene are rare. We performed an integrative analysis of the mutational and transcriptional profiles of large cohorts of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and found that epigenetic downregulation of B2M is common. B2M‐low tumours exhibit a suppressive immune microenvironment characterized by reduced infiltration of immune cells of various lineages; in B2M‐high tumours, more T and natural killer cells are present, but their activities are constrained by immune checkpoint molecules, indicating the diverse mechanisms of immune evasion. High levels of B2M mRNA, but not PD‐L1, are correlated with an enhanced response to PD‐1‐based immunotherapy, suggesting its value for immunotherapy response prediction in solid tumours. Notably, a high tumour mutation burden (TMB) is associated with low B2M expression, which may explain the poor predictive value of the TMB in some situations. In syngeneic mouse models, genetic ablation of B2M in tumour cells causes resistance to PD‐1‐based immunotherapy, and B2M knockdown also diminishes the therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, forced expression of B2M in tumour models improves the response to immunotherapy, suggesting that B2M levels have significant impacts on treatment outcomes. Finally, we provide insight into the roles of transcription factors and KRAS mutations in B2M expression and the anticancer immune response. In conclusion, genetic and epigenetic regulation of B2M fundamentally shapes the NSCLC immune microenvironment and may determine the response to checkpoint blockade‐based immunotherapy.