bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal tubulin binding by the yeast kinesin-8, Kip3, underlies its motility and depolymerization
Authors: Arellano-Santoyo Hugo , Hernandez-Lopez Rogelio A. , Stokasimov Emma , Wang Ray Yu-Ruei , Pellman David , Leschziner Andres E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is central to cellular processes including axonal growth, intracellular transport, and cell division, all of which rely on precise spatiotemporal control of MT organization. Kinesin-8s play a key role in regulating MT length by combining highly processive directional motility with MT-end disassembly. However, how kinesin-8 switches between these two apparently opposing activities remains unclear. Here, we define the structural features underlying this molecular switch through cryo-EM analysis of the yeast kinesin-8, Kip3 bound to MTs, and molecular dynamics simulations to approximate the complex of Kip3 with the curved tubulin state found at the MT plus-end. By integrating biochemical and single-molecule biophysical assays, we identified specific intra- and intermolecular interactions that modulate processive motility and MT disassembly. Our findings suggest that Kip3 undergoes conformational changes in response to tubulin curvature that underlie its unique ability to interact differently with the MT lattice than with the MT-end.
Haplotype mapping uncovers unexplored variation in wild and domesticated soybean at the major protein locus cqProt-003
Authors: Marsh Jacob I. , Hu Haifei , Petereit Jakob , Bayer Philipp E. , Valliyodan Babu , Batley Jacqueline , Nguyen Henry T. , Edwards David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHere, we present association and linkage analysis of 985 wild, landrace and cultivar soybean accessions in a pan genomic dataset to characterize the major high-protein/low-oil associated locus cqProt-003 located on chromosome 20. A significant trait associated region within a 173 kb linkage block was identified and variants in the region were characterised, identifying 34 high confidence SNPs, 4 insertions, 1 deletion and a larger 304 bp structural variant in the high-protein haplotype. Trinucleotide tandem repeats of variable length present in the third exon of gene 20G085100 are strongly correlated with the high-protein phenotype and likely represent causal variation. Structural variation has previously been found in the same gene, for which we report the global distribution of the 304bp deletion and have identified additional nested variation present in high-protein individuals. Mapping variation at the cqProt-003 locus across demographic groups suggests that the high-protein haplotype is common in wild accessions (94.7%), rare in landraces (10.6%) and near absent in cultivated breeding pools (4.1%), suggesting its decrease in frequency primarily correlates with domestication and continued during subsequent improvement. However, the variation that has persisted in under-utilized wild and landrace populations holds high breeding potential for breeders willing to forego seed oil to maximise protein content. The results of this study include the identification of distinct haplotype structures within the high-protein population, and a broad characterization of the genomic context and linkage patterns of cqProt-003 across global populations, supporting future functional characterisation and modification.Key messageThe major soy protein QTL, cqProt-003, was analysed for haplotype diversity and global distribution, results indicate 304bp deletion and variable tandem repeats in protein coding regions are likely causal candidates.
The fungicide Tebuconazole induces electromechanical cardiotoxicity in murine hearts
Authors: Santos-Miranda Artur , Joviano-Santos Julliane V. , Cruz-Nascimento Taynara , Souza Diego Santos , Marques Leisiane , Roman-Campos Danilo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTebuconazole (TEB) is an important fungicide that belongs to the triazole family. It is largely applied in agriculture and its use has increased in the last decade. Since TEB is stable in water and soil, long-term exposure of humans to this pesticide is a real threat. Acute toxicological studies to uncover the toxicity of TEB are limited, and there is evidence of an association between long-term exposure to TEB and damage of several biological systems, including hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. In this paper, the effects of acute exposure of cardiomyocytes and murine hearts to TEB were addressed to elucidate its impact on electromechanical properties of the cardiac tissue. In whole-cell patch-clamp records, TEB inhibited both the total outward potassium current (IC50=5.7±1.5 μmol.l-1) and the L-type calcium current (IC50=33.2±7.4 μmol.l-1). Acute exposure to TEB at 30 μmol.l-1 prolonged the action potential duration as well as an induced out-of-pace action potential, and increased the sodium/calcium exchanger current in its forward and reverse modes. Moreover, sarcomere shortening and calcium transient in isolated cardiomyocytes was enhanced when cells were exposed to TEB at 30 μmol.l-1. In ex vivo experiments, TEB 30 μmol.l-1 caused significant electrocardiogram remodeling with prolonged PR, QRS, and QT interval duration. Accordingly, TEB exposure was prone to the appearance of arrhythmias. Combined, our results demonstrate that acute TEB exposure affects the cardiomyocyte’s electro-contractile properties and triggers the appearance of ECG abnormalities, including conduction defects and arrhythmias.
Production structure, income distribution and macroeconomic efficiency: an analysis framework and empirical study of the Marxist political economy
Authors: Li Bangxi , Liu Chong , Zhao Feng , Huang Yanghua 
Published: October 2021

PurposeIn the current literature, there is little systematic research on the relationship among adjustment of the income distribution, change in economic structure and improvement of macroeconomic efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThis paper expands Marx's reproduction schema into the “Marx–Sraffa” three-department structure table comprising fixed capital, general means of production and means of consumption and employs China's input–output table from 1987 to 2015 to portray the relationship between income distribution and macroeconomic efficiency under investment-driven growth.FindingsThis paper calculates the wage–profit curve of China's economy and evaluates the space of macroeconomic efficiency improvement in China based on the deviation between actual and potential income distribution structure.Originality/valueThe results show that there is a downward trend of the profit rate, which meets Marx's theoretical prediction, and the decline in the profit rate is mainly attributed to an increase in the organic composition of capital arising from the rapid growth of fixed capital investment under extended growth. The analysis of macroeconomic efficiency shows that the space for improving macroeconomic efficiency is extremely limited under traditional growth pattern and that China must transform its economic development pattern and foster new economic growth drivers.
The National Security Law: political and social effects on the governance of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Authors: Lau Siu-kai 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the major political and social effects of the Hong Kong National Security Law on Hong Kong. It is argued that the enactment of this Law allows Hong Kong not only to end its protracted political turmoil since its return to China in 1997, but also will generate the favorable conditions for long-term stability and effective governance in the territory.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on the author’s close observation of what had happened in Hong Kong in the year since the Hong Kong National Security Law came into effect on 1 July 2020.FindingsThe Hong Kong National Security Law has brought about significant changes in the political psychology of Hongkongers, the balance of power among different political forces, the ability of external forces to interfere in Hong Kong politics, the way Hong Kong is governed, the relationship between the government and the legislature, the activities in the educational and cultural sectors, and the behavior of the judiciary.Originality/valueThis paper would be of interest to scholars and people who are interested in the implementation of “One Country, Two Systems” in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) as well as Beijing’s new policy towards Hong Kong in the aftermath of Hong Kong’s unprecedented riots and violence.
Effects of systemic therapies on pruritus in adults with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tan X. L. , Thomas B. R. , Tan Y. J. , O’Toole E. A. 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Pruritus is a hallmark of atopic dermatitis (AD), which affects disease severity and patient quality of life. In AD uncontrolled with first-line topical therapies or in moderate to severe AD, systemic therapies are used; however, there is a paucity of head-to-head trials comparing the effectiveness of these therapies. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of systemic therapies in relieving pruritus in moderate to severe AD in adults, using a meta-analysis. The PubMed, EMBASE, Medline and CINAHL databases were searched from inception up to 31 May 2020 for randomized, placebo-controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of systemic therapies on pruritus with moderate to severe AD in patients aged ≥ 16 years. In total, 26 studies (n = 5190 participants) were identified. Compared with placebo, there was a large and statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001 for all) reduction in pruritus [standard mean difference (SMD); 95% CI] with dupilumab every 2 weeks (−0.88; −1.13 to −0.63), dupilumab every 2 weeks plus topical corticosteroids (−0.77; −0.91 to −0.62), dupilumab once weekly (−0.99; −1.29 to −0.68), dupilumab once weekly plus topical corticosteroids (−0.70; −0.81 to −0.59). There was also a large and statistically significant reduction with ciclosporin (−1.30; −2.34 to −0.26; P = 0.01) and a large, although not statistically significant reduction with azathioprine (−0.85; −2.07 to 0.35). There was a small reduction with both mepolizumab (−0.27; −0.89 to 0.35) and interferon-γ (−0.31; −0.75 to 0.12). Of the investigational drugs, nemolizumab 2.0 mg/kg was the most effective (−8.13; −9.31 to −6.94). The majority of systemic therapies were superior to placebo in reducing pruritus. In particular, the dupilumab studies consistently showed large improvements in pruritus, while nemolizumab showed the strongest antipruritic effects. However, future head-to-head trials are required for conclusive evidence.
Study on the effect of mental health nursing intervention after gynecological tumour operation based on clustering model
Authors: Li Li , Lu Yi , Li Hongmei , Liu Ai Lan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to explore scientific and effective mental health nursing intervention methods after gynecological tumour surgery, this paper combines the clustering algorithm to process the nursing method data. Aiming at the type of comprehensive design structure matrix, this paper compares and analyzes the pros and cons of current intelligent clustering algorithms and selects a high‐fit density algorithm as the clustering algorithm of the module division method. Moreover, this paper explains the relative meaning of module cohesion and coupling and uses the smallest ratio of cohesion and coupling as the criterion of the module division method to select the best results from the clustering. In addition, this paper combines the actual situation of mental health nursing intervention after gynecological tumour surgery to set the nursing intervention effect and analyzes the effectiveness of the centralized nursing intervention method through the contrast method. From the test results, it can be seen that the joint intervention nursing method has the best effect on the mental health nursing intervention after gynecological tumour surgery, which provides theoretical guidance for the subsequent mental health intervention after gynecological tumour surgery.
Young Adults Rehabilitation Needs and Experiences following Stroke (YARNS): A review of digital accounts to inform the development of age‐appropriate support and rehabilitation
Authors: Holloway Aisha , Chandler Colin , Aviles Reinso Lissette , Clarissa Catherine , Putri Arcellia , Choi HyeRi , Pan Jo‐Fan , Mitra Udita , Hewitt Jonathan , Cluckie Gillian , Smart Alison , Noble Helen , Harris Ruth , Reid Joanne , Kelly Daniel M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore younger adults' experiences of stroke rehabilitation to inform practice, education and future health policy.DesignQualitative analysis of digital and other media sources on public platforms.MethodsBetween March and June 2020, the experiences of younger adult stroke survivors aged 18 to 45 at the time of the stroke were collected. Data were gathered from publicly available sources, including social media, and from English‐speaking users. In total, 117 accounts from 103 participants were identified from films, autobiographical books, blogs, websites, videos, Twitter and Instagram. Data analysis followed narrative and multimodal analysis with a focus on rehabilitation needs.ResultsYounger adult stroke survivors make sense of their experience by reflecting on how stroke has impacted their lives. Accounts reflected an emotional journey between the past self, the present self and evolving self, as well as associated challenges such as the impact on relationships and careers. The majority of accounts presented transitions as problematic, including the receipt of the initial diagnosis, or sometimes misdiagnosis, to returning home and achieving long‐term rehabilitation goals. Specialist stroke nurses were considered essential in the rehabilitation process.ConclusionA complex process of recovery follows stroke for younger adult stroke populations. Challenges to the rehabilitation process need to be better understood and the role of nursing highlighted in future service provision. A series of age‐related challenges were highlighted that require attention to improve the care and support offered.ImpactThis article informs clinicians, educators, and policymakers of the age‐related needs of young adult stroke survivors. Focusing on the individual and the development of age‐appropriate person‐centred stroke care is important. The study highlights the role of stroke nursing and challenges the current policy focus on older stroke populations as well as arguing for greater awareness of age‐appropriate stroke rehabilitation in younger adults following stroke.
Neutralisation of SARS‐CoV‐2 by anatomical embalming solutions
Authors: Quondamatteo Fabio , Corzo‐Leon Dora E. , Brassett Cecilia , Colquhoun Ian , Davies David C. , Dockery Peter , Grenham Sue , Guild Simon , Hunter Amanda , Jones James , Lee Thomas C. , Tracey Chris , Wilkinson Tracey , Munro Carol A. , Gillingwater Thomas H. , Parson Simon H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTeaching and learning anatomy by using human cadaveric specimens has been a foundation of medical and biomedical teaching for hundreds of years. Therefore, the majority of institutions that teach topographical anatomy rely on body donation programmes to provide specimens for both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching of gross anatomy. The COVID‐19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to anatomy teaching because of the suspension of donor acceptance at most institutions. This was largely due to concerns about the potential transmissibility of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and the absence of data about the ability of embalming solutions to neutralise the virus. Twenty embalming solutions commonly used in institutions in the United Kingdom and Ireland were tested for their ability to neutralise SARS‐CoV‐2, using an established cytotoxicity assay. All embalming solutions tested neutralised SARS‐CoV‐2, with the majority of solutions being effective at high‐working dilutions. These results suggest that successful embalming with the tested solutions can neutralise the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, thereby facilitating the safe resumption of body donation programmes and cadaveric anatomy teaching.
Double nail of the second toe: A case report with sonographic and radiological correlation
Authors: Pons Benavent Martí , Salgüero Fernández Irene , Lopez Negrete Elena , Roustan Gullon Gaston , Alfageme Roldán Fernando 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDouble toenail is a rare abnormality that usually affects the fifth toe. It is considered as an inherited condition that may represent an incomplete form of polydactyly. Underlying bone abnormalities should be ruled out. We present a case of a double toenail of the second toe, a location that has not previously been described, with underlying bone involvement noted on ultrasound and plain films.
Maturing papillomatous nevoid melanoma in the scalp mimicking recurrent melanocytic nevus: A case report of previously undescribed subtype of nevoid melanoma
Authors: Tsujimura Marina , Kaku Yo , Takeuchi Yasuhide , Ishida Yoshihiro , Fujimoto Masakazu , Usui Shunya , Yamada Yosuke , Ogawa Seishi , Shea Christopher R. , Haga Hironori 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNevoid melanoma is a subtype of melanoma that histologically resembles a melanocytic nevus. Two subtypes have been proposed for nevoid melanoma, namely papillomatous and maturing. Here, we report the case of a 67‐year‐old woman who developed two nevoid melanomas on her scalp with composite histological features of papillomatous and maturing subtypes after electrocautery of a nearby solitary scalp papule. The histology of both lesions was very similar, papillary in shape, and both comprised two melanocyte populations, including large atypical melanocytes and small non‐atypical melanocytes. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed in one of the two lesions, which revealed a high mutation burden (17 mutations/megabase) with co‐deletion of CDKN2A. Additional immunohistochemistry revealed that the large and small melanocytes in both lesions were completely negative for p16 and MTAP. A final diagnosis of nevoid melanoma was made. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nevoid melanoma with both features of papillomatous and maturing subtypes. Pathologists should be aware of this subtype of melanoma to avoid misdiagnosis as a mitotically active melanocytic nevus. In this case, immunohistochemistry for p16 and MTAP, in addition to molecular analysis, helped in the final diagnosis.
Autopsy case with concurrent transthyretin and immunoglobulin amyloidosis
Authors: Shintani‐Domoto Yukako , Ishino Kousuke , Naiki Hironobu , Sakatani Takashi , Ohashi Ryuji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn 85‐year‐old man with a history of aortic dissection suddenly fainted, underwent cardiac heart arrest, and died. An autopsy was performed, but the cause of death was not grossly identified. Congo red staining detected amyloid deposits in systemic organs, including the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed immunoglobulin (Ig) λ light chain (‐λ) in systemic blood vessels and transthyretin (TTR) in the heart and lungs. Ig‐λ was predominantly positive in the blood vessels of the lungs, while TTR was detected in the alveolar septum. In the heart, Ig‐λ was positive in the endocardium and blood vessels, and TTR was positive in nodular deposits between cardiomyocytes. The concurrent deposition of Ig‐λ and TTR in the heart was further substantiated by laser microdissection (LMD)‐liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) at each deposition site. Despite systemic deposition of Ig‐λ, bone marrow biopsy findings were not diagnostic for multiple myeloma. In summary, we present an autopsy case of concurrent Ig‐λ and TTR deposition as revealed by IHC and LC‐MS/MS. When Congo red staining and IHC results are indeterminate due to the deposition of multiple amyloid proteins, LMD‐LC‐MS/MS is useful for determining the precursor protein.
TaIAA21 represses TaARF25‐mediated expression of TaERFs required for grain size and weight development in wheat
Authors: Jia Meiling , Li Yanan , Wang Zhenyu , Tao Shu , Sun Guoliang , Kong Xingchen , Wang Ke , Ye Xingguo , Liu Shaoshuai , Geng Shuaifeng , Mao Long , Li Aili 
Published: October 2021

SummaryAuxin signaling is essential for the development of grain size and grain weight, two important components for crop yield. However, no auxin/indole acetic acid repressor (Aux/IAA) has been functionally characterized to be involved in the development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains to date. Here, we identified a wheat Aux/IAA gene, TaIAA21, and studied its regulatory pathway. We found that TaIAA21 mutation significantly increased grain length, grain width, and grain weight. Cross‐sections of mutant grains revealed elongated outer pericarp cells compared to those of the wild type, where the expression of TaIAA21 was detected by in situ hybridization. Screening of auxin response factor (ARF) genes highly expressed in early developing grains revealed that TaARF25 interacts with TaIAA21. In contrast, mutation of the tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum) ARF25 gene significantly reduced grain size and weight. RNA sequencing analysis revealed upregulation of several ethylene response factor genes (ERFs) in taiaa21 mutants which carried auxin response cis‐elements in their promoter. One of them, ERF3, was upregulated in the taiaa21 mutant and downregulated in the ttarf25 mutant. Transactivation assays showed that ARF25 promotes ERF3 transcription, while mutation of TtERF3 resulted in reduced grain size and weight. Analysis of natural variations identified three TaIAA21‐A haplotypes with increased allele frequencies in cultivars relative to landraces, a signature of breeding selection. Our work demonstrates that TaIAA21 works as a negative regulator of grain size and weight development via the ARF25–ERFs module and is useful for yield improvement in wheat.
Geometric Adaptive Controls of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle With Decoupled Attitude Dynamics
Authors: Gamagedara Kanishke , Lee Taeyoung 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a geometric adaptive position tracking control system for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle. In particular, the attitude control system is designed on the product of the two-dimensional unit sphere and the one-dimensional circle such that the direction of the thrust that is critical for position tracking is controlled independently from the yawing direction that is irrelevant to the position dynamics. Compared against the prior work with coupled attitude controls on the special orthogonal group, the proposed controller prevents large yaw errors from causing an undesirable performance degradation in tracking a position command. Further, the control input is augmented with adaptive control terms to mitigate the effects of disturbances, and it is formulated globally on the spheres to avoid singularities and complexities of local coordinates. The efficacy of the proposed control system is illustrated by both numerical examples and indoor/outdoor flight experiments.