bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first issue of InJAST available in print and online
Authors: Priatna Dolly , A. Monk Kathryn 
Published: October 2021

It is our great pleasure to announce that the very first issue of the Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies (InJAST) is now be available in both print and online. This journal has evolved from the Journal of Environmental Education which started in 2015, and was managed by the Study Programme of Population and Environmental Education, Graduate Programme of Pakuan University. Because this study programme has now become the Study Programme of Environmental Management, we have decided to establish this new journal to publish scientific articles covering broader environmental issues that are written by the Indonesian students of graduate programmes either in Pakuan and other universities or researchers. Meanwhile, the publication and management of the Journal of Environmental Education will be transferred to another relevant faculty or study programme within Pakuan University.We intend the new InJAST to be published in English (with abstracts both in English and Bahasa) so that it can reach a wider readership internationally, and we hope encourage international environmental students and scientists working in Indonesia or on topics of specific relevance to Indonesia, to disseminate their research results and findings through this journal.We are pleased to also announce that it has been agreed in principle that this new journal will be published collaboratively between the Graduate School of Pakuan University and PERWAKU (Perhimpunan Cendikiawan Pemerhati Lingkungan Indonesia, the Indonesian Association of Environmentalist Scholars). A formal Memorandum of Understanding between both parties will be signed in the near future.In this occasion, we, as the chief editors of this new journal, would like to express our gratitude to various parties and individuals who have supported this initiative, especially to Prof. Dr. H. Bibin Rubini, M.Pd. (Chancellor of Pakuan University), Prof. Dr. Ing. H. Soewarto Hardhienata (Dean of Graduate School Pakuan University), and Prof. Jatna Supriatna, Ph.D. (Chairman of PERWAKU Indonesia). We would also like to express special thanks to our national and international colleagues at Pakuan University and elsewhere, who have so generously offered their time as members of the editorial board of the journal.Last but not least, we hope that the Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies (InJAST) will provide new colour and perspectives the scientific journals published by Pakuan Univeristy, and become the vehicle of choice for environmental science students and scientists to disseminate of their work.
Natural resources management to deliver Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Widiyono Wahyu 
Published: October 2021

Indonesia is known as a rich natural resources country, but at the same time has a problem of water shortage, soil degradation, pollution, agriculture and forest production, biodiversity conservation, and mineral and energy sustainability. The national natural resources management planning alignment with SDGs programme, particularly the water resources management, afforestation programme, a guide for sustainable management of Indonesia’s biodiversity, government and non-government organizations participant in conservation practice, exploring alternative energy sources to reduce dependence on oil, mainstreaming of SDGs into National Development agenda, National Action Plan, and SDGs program for Sub-national level. This program was participated by all stakeholders included government, civil society organizations, philanthropy and business society, academics as well as experts. This literature review paper will discuss about the natural resources management to deliver sustainable development goals programme in Indonesian, with specific and focus topics for water and pollution, soil, land product (agriculture, forest and biological resources), mineral and energy. The objective of this paper was to describe the alignment of the natural resources management planning and SDGs programme as evaluation to improve their implementation in Indonesia. Though the government has already implemented SDGs program but innovative strategic need to be developed.Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara yang kaya sumberdaya alam, tetapi pada saat yang sama menghadapi masalah kelangkaan air, degradasi lahan, polusi, produksi pertanian dan kehutanan, konservasi keanekaragaman hayati, keberlangsungan mineral dan energi. Rencana pengelolaan sumberdaya alam nasional sejalan dengan program SDGs, khususnya terkait pengelolaan air, program perhutanian, pengelolaan keanekaragaman hayati secara berkelanjutan, pemerintah dan para pihak yang berpartisipasi dalam praktek konservasi, eksplorasi energi alternatif untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada minyak bumi, dan pengarus-utamakaan program SDGs ke dalam agenda pembangunan nasional, rencana aksi nasional, dan program di tingkat wilayah. Program ini diikuti oleh seluruh para pihak, termasuk pemerintah, organisasi masyarakat sipil, masyarakat bisnis dan filantropi, kaum akademisi dan para ahli. Studi Pustaka ini akan membahas tentang pengelolaan sumberdaya alam untuk mencapai program pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia, khususnya tentang masalah air, polusi, produsi lahan (meliputi pertanian, hutan, sumberdaya biologi), mineral dan energi. Tujuan penulisan naskah adalah untuk memberikan gambaran keterkaitan antara rencana pengelolaan sumberdaya alam dan pelaksanaan program pembangunan berkelanjutan, sebagai evaluasi untuk meningkatkan implementasinya di Indonesia. Meskipun pemerintah telah melaksanakan program SDGs, tetapi strategi yang inovatif perlu dikembangkan.
Four Global Catastrophic Risks – A Personal View
Authors: Blong Russell 
Published: October 2021

Global catastrophic risks (GCRs) affect a larger than hemispheric area and produce death tolls of many millions and/or economic losses greater than several trillion USD. Here I explore the biophysical, social-economic, demographic and cultural strands of four global catastrophic risks – sea level rise, a VEI 7 eruption, a pandemic, and a geomagnetic storm – one human-exacerbated at the least, one geological, one biological in large part, and one from space. Durations of these biophysical events range from a day or two to more than 100 years and the hazards associated range from none to numerous. Each of the risks has an average return period of no more than a few hundred years and lie within a range where many regulators ordinarily demand efforts in the case of less extreme events at enhancing resilience. Losses produced by GCRs and other natural hazards are usually assessed in terms of human mortality or dollars but many less tangible losses are at least as significant. Despite the varying durations, biophysical characteristics, and the wide array of potential consequences, the aftermath at global (and at more granular scales) can be summarised by one of four potential futures. While this assessment considers the present and the near future (the Anthropocene), much of this appraisal applies also to global catastrophic risks in the Early Holocene.
TNF-α Carried by Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Predicts Knee Osteoarthritis Progression
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hsueh Ming-Feng , Huebner Janet L. , Kraus Virginia B. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo identify plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) associated with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression.MethodsEVs of small (SEV), medium (MEV) and large (LEV) sizes from plasma of OA participants (n=30) and healthy controls (HCs, n=22) were profiled for surface markers and cytokine cargo by high-resolution flow cytometry. The concentrations of cytokines within (endo-) and outside (exo-) EVs were quantified by multiplex ELISA. EV associations with knee radiographic OA (rOA) progression were assessed by multivariable linear regression (adjusted for baseline clinical variables of age, gender, BMI and OA severity) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsBased on integrated mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI), baseline plasma MEVs carrying CD56 (corresponding to natural killer cells) predicted rOA progression with highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.714 among surface markers. Baseline iMFI of TNF-α in LEVs, MEVs and SEVs, and the total endo-EV TNF-α concentration, predicted rOA progression with AUCs 0.688, 0.821, 0.821, 0.665, respectively. In contrast, baseline plasma exo-EV TNF-α (the concentration in the same unit of plasma after EV depletion) did not predict rOA progression (AUC 0.478). Baseline endo-EV IFN-γ and exo-EV IL-6 concentrations were also associated with rOA progression, but had low discriminant capacity (AUCs 0.558 and 0.518, respectively).ConclusionsPlasma EVs carry pro-inflammatory cargo that predict risk of knee rOA progression. These findings suggest that EV-associated TNF-α may be pathogenic in OA. The sequestration of pathogenic TNF-α within EVs may provide an explanation for the lack of success of systemic TNF-α inhibitors in OA trials to date.
Conservative Treatment Without Any Intervention Compared With Other Therapeutic Strategies for Symptomatic Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Shin Jeonghee , Lee Jin A , Oh Sohee , Lee Eun Hee , Choi Byung Min 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Although symptomatic treatment is the most preferred treatment strategy for proven symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a considerable number of infants only received conservative treatment without any pharmacological or surgical interventions in the lower gestational age and lower birth weight group in Korea. We compared in-hospital outcomes of infants treated conservatively without any intervention and those of infants managed by other therapeutic strategies in extremely preterm infants with symptomatic PDA.Methods: A prospectively collected cohort study for 2,303 infants with gestational ages &lt;28 weeks from the Korean Neonatal Network database. These infants were classified into four groups according to the presence of PDA-related symptoms and therapeutic treatment strategy: prophylactic treatment group, pre-symptomatic treatment (PST) group, symptomatic treatment (ST) group, and conservative treatment (CT) without any intervention group.Results: In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the risk of death was significantly decreased in the PST group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.507; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.311–0.826) and ST group (aOR = 0.349; 95% CI: 0.230–0.529) compared with the CT group. However, the risk of composite outcome of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death had not increased in the PST group and ST group. Neonatal death due to pulmonary hemorrhage or neurological disease was significantly higher in the CT group than in the PST group or ST group.Conclusion: In extremely preterm infants, who are at highest risk of PDA-related morbidities and mortality, even less interventional approach for PDA can be allowed; the rescued pharmacological or surgical interventions are necessary if they met the criteria for hemodynamically significant PDA.
Application of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 Items (SAVE-6) to Public Workers for Measuring Their Anxiety Response During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Park C. Hyung Keun , Ju Gawon , Yi Kikyoung , Lee Sangha , Suh Sooyeon , Chung Seockhoon 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study aimed to compare the adaptability of the adapted version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) for public workers and the SAVE-6 scale and to validate them among public workers who are on the frontline of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Methods: A total of 300 public workers responded to the anonymous online survey during April 1–12, 2021. Principal component analysis was conducted with varimax rotation to explore the factor structure of this scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was also used to explore construct validity. Spearman correlation analysis of the scale with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was performed to explore the convergent validity. The cut-off score in accordance with the mild degree of generalized anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score of 5) was defined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Findings: The single-structure model of each scale (the adapted version of SAVE-9 and SAVE-6) was adopted based on the results of the parallel analysis. Because SAVE-6 showed good construct validity, but the adapted version of SAVE-9 did not, we adopted to apply the SAVE-6 scale to assess the anxiety response of public workers in response to the viral epidemic. SAVE-6 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.817; McDonald's Omega = 0.818) and good convergent validity with GAD-7 (rho = 0.417, p &lt; 0.001) and PHQ-9 (rho = 0.317, p &lt; 0.001) scale scores. The appropriate cut-off score for SAVE-6 was determined to be ≥ 16.Conclusion: The SAVE-6 scale, as compared to the public workers' version of SAVE-9, is a reliable and valid rating scale to assess the work-related stress and anxiety of public workers due to the viral epidemic.
Impact of Previous Tunneled Vascular Catheters and their Location on Upper Limb Arteriovenous Fistula Function
Authors: Diep Jason , Makris Angela , De Guzman Imelda , Wong Jeffery , Aravindan Ananthakrishnapuram , Nandakoban Hareeshan , Narayanan Govind 
Published: October 2021

Key Points

Previous TVC use was associated with poorer AVF function at 6 and 12 months, compared with no prior TVC use.The presence of an ipsilateral TVC was associated with lower successful AVF use at 6 months, compared with contralateral TVC.Previous TVC use was associated with higher rate of assisted maturation, compared with no prior TVC use.

Background
Long-term arteriovenous fistula (AVF) survival has been shown to be adversely affected by the presence of previous tunneled vascular catheters (TVC). We analyzed the effect of previous TVCs and their location (ipsilateral versus contralateral) on the successful function of upper-limb AVFs in the first 12 months after creation.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed clinical data on patients’ first upper-limb AVFs, created between January 2013 and December 2017. We analyzed the rates of successful AVF function (successful cannulation using two needles for ≥50% sessions over a 2-week period) at 6 and 12 months after creation, time to AVF maturation, and rates of assisted maturation.

Results
In total, 287 patients with first AVFs were identified, of which 142 patients had a previous TVC (102 contralateral, 40 ipsilateral) and 145 had no previous TVC. The no TVC group had higher rates of AVF function at both 6 months (69% versus 54%, OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.00 to 3.39, P=0.05) and 12 months (84% versus 64%, OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.53 to 6.26, P=0.002) compared with the TVC group. The contralateral TVC group had higher rates of AVF function at 6 months (60% versus 40%, OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.01 to 4.88, P=0.05), but not at 12 months (66% versus 58%, OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.62 to 3.25, P=0.40) compared with the ipsilateral TVC group. The median time to AVF maturation in the contralateral and ipsilateral TVC groups were 121.5 and 146 days respectively (P=0.07). Assisted maturation rates were lower in no TVC group compared with the TVC group (12% versus 28%, P=0.007), but similar between the contralateral and ipsilateral TVC groups (29% versus 26%, P=0.74).

Conclusions
Previous TVC use was associated with poorer AVF function at 6 and 12 months, with a higher rate of assisted maturation. The presence of an ipsilateral TVC was associated with lower successful AVF use at 6 months, compared with contralateral TVC.
Complement Activation Fragments Are Increased in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients with Severe AKI
Authors: Stenson Erin K. , You Zhiying , Reeder Ron , Norris Jesse , Scott Halden F. , Dixon Bradley P. , Thurman Joshua M. , Frazer-Abel Ashley , Mourani Peter , Kendrick Jessica 
Published: October 2021

Key Points

Multiple urine and plasma complement fragments increase as severity of AKI increases in children who are critically ill.Complement fragments may identify patients at risk of requiring dialysis or developing major adverse kidney event outcomes.Future studies evaluating this association in a larger cohort of children, and studying complement inhibition, are warranted.

Background
Children who are critically ill with AKI suffer from high morbidity and mortality rates, and lack treatment options. Emerging evidence implicates the role of complement activation in AKI pathogenesis, which could potentially be treated with complement inhibitors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between complement activation fragments and severity of AKI in children who are critically ill.

Methods
A biorepository of samples from children who are critically ill from a prior multisite study was leveraged to identify children with stage 3 AKI and matched to patients without AKI on the basis of PELOD-2 (illness severity) scores. Specimens were analyzed for plasma and urine complement activation fragments of factor B, C3a, C4a, and sC5b-9. The primary outcomes were MAKE30 and severe AKI rates.

Results
In total, 14 patients with stage 3 AKI (five requiring RRT) were matched to 14 patients without AKI. Urine factor Ba and plasma C4a levels increased stepwise as severity of AKI increased, from no AKI to stage 3 AKI, to stage 3 AKI with RRT need. Plasma C4a levels were independently associated with increased risk of MAKE30 outcomes (OR, 3.2; IQR, 1.1–8.9), and urine Ba (OR, 1.9; IQR, 1.1–3.1), plasma Bb (OR, 2.7; IQR, 1.1–6.8), C4a (OR, 13.0; IQR, 1.6–106.6), and C3a (OR, 3.3; IQR, 1.3–8.4) were independently associated with risk of severe stage 2–3 AKI on day 3 of admission.

Conclusions
Multiple complement fragments increase as magnitude of AKI severity increases. Very high levels of urine Ba or plasma C4a may identify patients at risk for severe AKI, hemodialysis, and MAKE30 outcomes. The fragments may be useful as a functional biomarker of complement activation and may identify those patients to study complement inhibition to treat or prevent AKI in children who are critically ill. These findings suggest the need for further specific investigations of the role of complement activation in children who are critically ill and at risk of AKI.
Key psychological factors in long distance running
Authors: Chojnicki D. , Smoleńska O. , Muszkieta R. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of the article is to identify the most important psychological factors influencing success among long-distance runners.
Material and methods. The application of an electronic diagnostic survey (interview) was used as the research method in the study. The normalized questionnaire was applied as a research technique in the paper.
Results.The analysis of the results was divided into parts, the first two of which concern the characteristics and environment of the respondents, and the remaining ones refer to the research problems formulated in the methodology section. The most numerous group of women have physical and mental trainings (32%) and the majority of men trains neither physically nor mentally (28%).
Conclusions. There are many key factors in long-distance running. However, the most important ones seem to be stubbornness, motivation, self-confidence, optimism as well as support from family and peers. Runners are considered to be people who are often physically and mentally resistant. They are often able to sacrifice a lot to achieve their goals. The path taken by long-distance runners is often incomprehensible to their surroundings that is family, peers or employers.
Posición al dormir de la gestante y su asociación con óbito fetal
Authors: Serna Natalia , Lobo Carolina , Salazar Mora Valery 
Published: October 2021

El óbito fetal, continúa siendo una condición de gran importancia a nivel mundial, siendo uno de los escenarios a los que se les debe prestar especial atención y cuidado, realizando un principal enfoque durante la atención prenatal, para así lograr objetivizar los factores de riesgo que podrían desencadenar un desenlace fatídico para la madre y el feto, y de este mismo modo modificarlos y prevenirlos, principalmente.
El óbito fetal ha sido estudiado a lo largo de los años, en dónde se ha llegado a la conclusión que existen factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables relacionados con esta condición, de modo que se han realizado campañas para contrarrestar estas condiciones y así obtener un resultado favorable del embarazo, con un único objetivo de disminuir la recurrencia e incidencia de los óbitos fetales. Como ya se mencionó previamente, existen múltiples factores que influyen directa o indirectamente en la prevalencia del óbito, entre los cuales se destaca: la raza, comorbilidades de la madre, obesidad, tabaquismo, e inclusive en los últimos años se ha visto la relación entre la posición que la madre adopta al dormir principalmente en el último trimestre de embarazo y la prevalencia del óbito fetal, por esta razón ha sido de vital importancia estudiar este tipo de relaciones y poder evitarlas para prevenir este terrible acontecimiento.
Contribution of Branch Stories to The Structure of The Epic: A Study Based on The Silappathikaram
Authors: Sathees Murukaiya 
Published: October 2021

Epic is the Tamil form of the word epic. It is a literary form structured with various elements. Among them the branch is the main component. It is created to support the purpose of coffee. This is the storyline that lies within the central story. Silappathikaram also presents several branch stories with them as a consensual literary form. The central story is the life struggle story of Kovalan - Kannaki - Madhavi, the pioneer of Tamil coffee, Ilangovadikal and Silappathikaram. Several episodes interspersed with the Silappathikara central story expand the scope of the epic story. In particular, 32 episodes co-exist with Kovalan Kannaki's biography, giving a twist, emphasis, clarity and significance to the elemental. These stories complement the silappathikaram storytelling and copy structure. Anecdotes are used in the silappathikaram to reinforce the author's ideas, to advance the narrative and the personality of the characters, and to identify the context and silappathikaram of the narrative and its use. The study focuses on scholasticism with a view to revealing and documenting the role of branch stories in such copywriting. The scholastic epic of the juveniles has been used primarily for this study and related essays, journals, and electronic commentary have also been used as research data. The study also emphasizes that many more such studies should be carried out by researchers in view of the importance of branch stories and their contribution to copywriting.
تعظيم القوة الناعمة لدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة
Authors: الشامسي محمد 
Published: October 2021

هناك أنواع عديدة من القوة، من هذه الأنواع القوة الناعمة، والتي قصد بها القوة القائمة على جذب الآخرين أو الدول عن طريق الاقناع للاستجابة. ويرى جوزيف ناي أن القوة الناعمة هي القدرة على الحصول على ما تريد عن طريق الجذب والاقناع بدلاً من القسر والإرغام والإكراه وإصدار الأوامر.
وتتمثل مشكلة البحث الحالي في إلقاء بعض الضوء على مفهوم القوة الناعمة وخصائصها ومصادرها وأدواتها وكيفية تعظيم القوة الناعمة لدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة. ويهدف البحث إلى توضيح مفهوم القوة بصفة عامة والقوة الناعمة بصفة خاصة، وذلك من حيث التعريف، والأنواع، والخصائص، والمصادر، والأدوات. وفي نهاية البحث تم الحديث عن ملامح ومصادر وأدوات القوة الناعمة لدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة وكيفية تعظيمها.
ويعتبر البحث من البحوث النظرية التحليلية؛ إذ تمت الاستعانة بالمراجع: سواءً كانت قواميس، أو كتبًا، أو بحوثًا منشورة في مجلات أو مؤتمرات، هذا بالإضافة إلى الاستفادة من بعض مواقع شبكة المعلومات الدولية (الإنترنت) في عرض وشرح موضوع البحث.
ولقد بذلت الإمارات مجهوداً كبيراً حتى تعظّم من قوتها الناعمة وذلك من خلال تدعيم وتعزيز وتعضيد كل مصادر وأدوات القوة الناعمة لديها. إلا أنها ما زالت في حاجة إلى مزيد من التدعيم والتنويع لمصادر وأدوات القوة الناعمة لديها.