bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk identification at the pre-construction stage in post-earthquake community based housing reconstruction project in Pidie Jaya Regency
Authors: Malahayati N , Munirwansyah M , Afifuddin M , Syamsidik S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The post-earthquake housing reconstruction project is inseparable from being exposed to various risks. Risk is the possibility for an adverse event to occur due to uncertainty. The reconstruction in Pidie Jaya Regency after the 2016 earthquake is still ongoing and uses community-based methods. The purpose of this paper is to identify risks during pre-construction stage in the implementation of community houses reconstruction after the earthquake disaster in Pidie Jaya Regency. Stakeholders who were directly involved in the reconstruction phase were the Management Consultants, Community Group (Pokmas), and the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) and each had its own potential risks. Data were obtained using 58 respondents from these stakeholders by distributing questionnaires in the research location, namely Pidie Jaya Regency. A total of 29 risk variables were identified, of which there are 8 variables that had high risk. The results of the analysis shown that when viewed from risk factors, the Pokmas formation factor is the most potential risk factor compared to other risk factors because these risk variables are owned by the three groups of respondents with the highest ranking.
Hydraulic analysis and ecological and physical study of hydraulic Alas-Singkil river Southeast Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Ziana  , Azmeri  , Yulianur A , Meilianda E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The problem of flooding that occurs around the Lawe Alas-Singkil, Aceh Province is the conservation function of the area from upstream to downstream needs serious attention. The area around the watershed is degraded due to several factors. This factor is closely related to illegal logging, exploitation of nature with mineral mining to the conversion of area functions. This study aims to identify the existing conditions of the riverbanks, how the relationship between community social activities and the banks of the Alas-Singkil River, and to study the physical conditions of the river from upstream to downstream. The study method in this research includes a literature study, hydrological conditions of the Alas-Singkil Watershed, field surveys, identification of existing conditions, and study of the ecology and physicality of the river. Survey the condition of flora and fauna in the study area and the economic and social activities of the community. The results of the study on the hydrological conditions of the Alas-Singkil watershed with an area of 10,090.13 km2 and a river length of 316.26 km, in the upstream form of mountains and natural forests where deforestation has occurred due to forest conversion to cocoa plantations, planting of corn on the hills and so on, The maximum annual daily rainfall is high (151-300 mm), so the potential for flood disaster is even greater. In the rainy season, large amounts of water cause mountains or hills in Southeast Aceh to melt and become a flash flood disaster. Many of the rivers in the middle and downstream have turned into plantations and rice fields and some are still swamps. The condition of the river in the Alas-Singkil watershed generally occurs silting or sedimentation in the river body, the existing condition of the Alas-Singkil riverbank, where there are still many settlements on the riverbanks. The downstream Krueng Singkil is experiencing more frequent flooding, either due to the overflow of Krueng Singkil in the upstream part and the blocked river flow and rising tides. The frequency of inundation and flood disasters in Singkil City reaches 3 to 4 times each year with an inundation height of 0.5-3.0 meters. It is necessary to repair the riverbanks by using vegetation components found on the banks of the Alas-Singkil River and overcoming floods in the upstream and downstream rivers to protect the ecosystem and people living on the riverbanks. The solution that can be done is to restore the conservation function of the area around the Lawe Alas watershed. and built channel diversion flood from the Lae Soraya river in the village of Gelombang directly to the sea.
The implementation of K-Means clustering in kovats retention index on gas chromatography
Authors: Noviandy T R , Maulana A , Sasmita N R , Suhendra R , Muslem  , Idroes G M , Paristiowati M , Helwani Z , Yandri E , Rahimah S , Muhammad  , Irvanizam  , Idroes R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, the retention index data of 146 compounds that are found in coal and petroleum-derived liquid fuels were grouped using the K-means clustering method, and the similarities between each cluster were analyzed. The psycho-chemical properties of each compound in the cluster were identified and compared with other clusters. Each compound’s retention index is grouped based on the similarity between the column polarity and heating rate of one compound to another. Based on the results of tests carried out on nine differentk values, it is known that the grouping with the value of k = 3 is the best determined from the obtained silhouette score = 0.568, where this score is higher than the score obtained on the other k values. The results of clustering with k = 3 obtained three clusters, namely cluster C1, cluster C2, and cluster C3. Cluster C1 and cluster C2 consist of chemical compounds that have a relatively low carbon number and molecular mass, but in cluster C2 the molecular mass of the compound is lower than in cluster C1. In contrast, the C3 cluster consists of chemical compounds that have a relatively high carbon number and molecular mass.
The geological economic of sand quarry resources in Jantho, Aceh Besar
Authors: Rais A , Irham M , Adrian F , Deli A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Jantho, the Great Aceh district, is rich in its natural resources, which can benefit people. With the increasing need for humankind to increase minerals in both quantity and type, the knowledge about exploiting minerals into the material of high economic value also increases. Therefore, the research on sand quarry resources’ economic potential needs to be carried out to estimate sand resources and their geological economy. This research was conducted in the area of Jantho with the scope of study covering characteristic lithology analysis, calculation of sand resources, and study of geological condition based on field data analysis and data derived from the literature. In estimating the resources, the contour method was used, and for the economic value, the sieve analysis method was employed. The result informed that sand resources are very economical when the sand is classified based on its type and size. The results also show that economically sand resources are four times more profitable when it is categorized based on type and size than when it is sold in the form of no sorting.
Identification of coal layer using gravity method in Lam Apeng Aceh Besar
Authors: Darisma D , Hakim L , Marwan  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aceh has a coal potential of around 450 million tonnes. One of the areas identified as having coal potential is Lam Apeng, Aceh Besar. In this study, the gravity method is used to model coal layers that are different from other layers based on rock density. The data used are 99 points with a space of 50 m and a coverage area of 450×450 m. From the results of the data corrected to become a complete anomaly Bouger (CBA), it was obtained a trend with a higher gravity value towards the northeast and the lower towards the southwest of the study area. CBA data are filtered using the moving average technique to obtain regional anomalies (associated with deep structures) and residual anomalies (associated with shallow structures). Regional anomalies and residual anomalies also show the same trend as CBA. Based on the 2D modeling results of the L-L ‘section, there are three different rock layers, namely alluvium layer with density 2 gr/cm3, sandy tuff layer with density 2.3 gr/cm3, and coal layer. There are three coal layers with different density values, namely layer A with density 1.68 gr/cm3, slope 125° and layer thickness 2-4 m; layer B with density 1.71 gr/cm3, slope ± 120°, and layer thickness 7-8 m; and layer C with density 1.7 gr/cm3, slope ± 120°, and thickness 4-6 m.
The over-height vehicle detection using the computer vision method
Authors: Iqbal T M , Arnia F , Muharar R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Over-height vehicles are not only threats for the over-height vehicles themselves, but they also bring about a hazard to the tunnels they pass in, and to other drivers on the road way when a clash happens with a low clearance structure. Therefore, it is needed an over-height detection system which is affordable yet also reliable. Nowadays, there are the over-height detection system using laser and infrared. However, they are quite pricy. In this research a computer vision-based system is proposed to detect the height of vehicles and provide a warning for the over-height vehicles. The height determination was conducted using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and blob detection. The GMM is used to detect the vehicle and the blob detection is applied to produce the vehicle coordinates which determines the direction of movement and the over-height vehicle. The over-height vehicles are detected by using 5 (five) variance total frames within 3 (three) conditions. The accuracy of the test proves that the method is reliable in determining the height of vehicles, achieving 100% accuracy of the detected vehicles. The significance of this work is the design of a vision-based method which can determine the height of the vehicles and is a low-cost alternative to the current costly laser and infrared detection systems.
The Hamiltonian in the unidirectional surface wave propagation
Authors: Fadhiliani D , Qausar H , Ramli M , Rizal S , Syafwan M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Unidirectional surface water waves used in this study were obtained from the Benjamin Bona Mahony (BBM) equation. The BBM wave research is carried out by observing the envelope of BBM wave groups that involve following the Nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) Equation. Soliton on Finite Background (SFB) is an excellent NLS solution for describing the dynamics of wave propagation. It is known that there are modulation instability and phase singularity phenomena which can significantly affect the amplitude of the wave in its propagation. Hamiltonian contains potential energy which can explain the singularity and amplitude dynamics of the phase. Hamiltonian equations using the displaced phase-amplitude variables have been obtained and are presented in this article.
Friction and wear characteristics of silicon nitride ceramics under dry friction condition
Authors: Yao Jinmei , Wu Yuhou , Sun Jian , Tian Junxing , Zhou Peng , Bao Zhigang , Xia Zhongxian , Gao Longfei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to reveal the friction properties and improve the wear resistance of silicon nitride ceramic materials, a calculation model of static friction coefficient of silicon nitride ceramic is established. The influence law of contact surface roughness on friction coefficient under different contact load and friction speed is analyzed. The test and the results verification are carried out by using Friction Wear Testing Machine. Then the dry friction process of silicon nitride ceramic is simulated based on UDEC, and the wear failure form is analyzed. In the dry friction process of silicon nitride ceramics, the coefficient of friction is directly proportional to the contact surface roughness, inversely proportional to the contact load, and directly proportional to the friction speed. There is a critical value for the roughness of friction sub-contact surface. Silicon nitride ceramics can self-lubricate by friction when the contact surface roughness is less than this critical value. In the dry friction process, the oxidation of SiO2 has little effect on the friction. The wear surface of silicon nitride ceramics consists of shear failure units and tensile failure units, and their formation is related to the surface roughness. The results play an important role in revealing the frictional properties of engineering ceramics such as silicon nitride, as well as helpful to improve the wear resistance and service life of ceramic materials.
Research on evolution of tilted eutectic structure based on phase field simulation
Authors: Mo Jian , Li Xiang-Ming , Luo Lei , Peng Bing-Bing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The phase field model is established for the eutectic growth system in this paper, and the finite difference method is used to solve the model. The evolution of tilted eutectic interface morphology under isothermal solidification and directional solidification conditions, respectively, was investigated. The effects of solid-solid interface anisotropy, solid-liquid interface anisotropy, eutectic spacing and pulling speed on the evolution of the tilted eutectic structure were simulated to reveal the growth mechanism of the tilted eutectic structure. It is found that under isotropic and directional solidification conditions, eutectic growth is influenced by both of the direction of heat flow and the solid-liquid interface anisotropy. When the solid-solid interface anisotropy is small, the direction of heat flow dominates the growth direction of eutectic structure, and as the solid-solid interface anisotropy increases, the growth direction of eutectic structure starts to tilt. Two kinds of instability phenomena, bifurcation or merger and fault line, are also found in the eutectic growth.
Role of Joule heating in the electro-induced metal-insular transition of a composite film filled with VO2
Authors: Sun Xiaoning , Qu Zhaoming , Yuan Yang , Yuan Jianghang , Cheng Erwei , Wang Pingping , Hu Jianwei , Wang Qingguo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Vanadium dioxide is a typical representative of a strong electronic correlation system. Triggered by stimuli such as heat and electric fields, VO2 can undergo a reversible transition from insulating to metallic phase and has therefore attracted attention of many researchers. In this work, a hydrothermal method was used to prepare nano-VO2 particles with phase transition. According to the phenomenology, finite element simulation and theoretical calculation models of the electro-induced phase transition (E-MIT) in the VO2-filled Polyethylene glycol were established. Electrode-gap effect on the phase-transition voltage of E-MIT was discussed. Furthermore, the phase transition and heat distribution processes were analyzed. The results revealed that high-temperature conductive channels are formed in the VO2 structure during the electro-induced phase transition. Moreover, position of these channels is determined by the high-voltage edge effect of the electrode and the heat dissipation effect of the material. The ideal adiabatic E-MIT process was also evaluated. The phase change voltage curve of the theoretical model was well matched with the simulation model. The results reveal that the temperature in the channel is significantly lower than the typical phase change temperature when a phase transition occurs. In addition, owing to an applied voltage, the resistance of the VO2 composite material can drop suddenly even if the temperature rise is small. The analysis results verified that Joule heating is an important factor in the electro-induced phase transition of VO2-filled polymers. The experimental results are helpful in understanding the E-MIT mechanism of VO2 composite materials and the subsequent application of these materials.
Functional response of an Austrian forest soil to N addition
Authors: Hood-Nowotny Rebecca , Schmittner Kathrin , Ziss Elizabeth , Leitner Simon , Watzinger Andrea , Gorfer Markus , Djukic Ika , Dirnböck Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Elevated atmospheric reactive nitrogen (NR) deposition is considered one of the key components of human induced global change, threatening biodiversity and possibly altering carbon sequestration, one of the forest’s key ecosystem services. Carbon sequestration is the net result of plant production and of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. Ignoring the impact of N deposition on plant growth, decomposition or any major physical, biological or anthropogenic process that alters the rate of conversion of soil organic matter to atmospheric CO2 (decomposition) will have profound implications for the global C budget and consequently climate change. Soil nitrogen cycling is predicted to change as a result of increased atmospheric N deposition and mineralization due to temperature increases. However, experimental results on the effects of increased N input on SOM decomposition in the field are inconsistent, reporting positive, negative and neutral responses of SOM to N input. We set out to test the impacts of elevated reactive nitrogen NR addition, specifically on the soil processes in the field, independently of forest production effects. Using a suite of conventional, natural abundance and isotope pool dilution methods in situ, we traced C and N transformations of soil microbial and gaseous pools and monitored concomitant changes in gross mineralization and nitrification rates, as well as enzymatic activity. Over a number of growing seasons in a spruce dominated Austrian forest we found evidence to suggest N addition significantly reduces gross N mineralization rates and enzyme activity, in-line with an emerging consensus that N deposition reduces soil fungal abundance and activity, ultimately resulting in greater stocks of soil organic carbon. Simulated elevated nitrogen deposition decelerated SOM decomposition and consequently increased soil carbon storage, an N input effect on soil processes independent of the effect of N on tree growth and forest production.
Copper micro/nanoparticles based catalytic conversion of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde to 4-nitrobenzoic acid
Authors: Giri Rutuja , Yadwade Rachana , Ankamwar Balaprasad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have generated a great deal of interest in recent years, especially in catalysis are one of the promising materials in the advancement of copper-based technological applications. We synthesized copper nanoparticles through chemical reduction method using L- ascorbic acid at two different quantities and their spherical and flower like morphologies revealed by FE-SEM. This study also augmented with the catalytic conversion of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde to 4-nitrobenzoic acid using stated copper nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst. Kinetic studies on the conversion of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde to 4-nitrobenzoic acid with time intervals of 30 min up to 180 min revealed the time required for the completion of the reaction. 1H NMR corroborated the product so obtained by the use of CuNPs as a catalyst, and ATR-IR analysis. A simple method of melting point exploited here to confirm the final product is a value-added. Thus, this simple analytical tool can boost the morale of researchers with limited resources in graduate and post-graduate laboratories.
Does half a millimetre matter? Root hairs for yield stability. A commentary on ‘Significance of root hairs for plant performance under contrasting field conditions and water deficit’
Authors: Wissuwa Matthias , Kant Josefine 
Published: February 2021

This article comments on:
M. Marin, D. S. Feeney, L. K. Brown, M. Naveed, S. Ruiz, N. Koebernick, A. G. Bengough, P. D. Hallett, T. Roose, J. Puértolas, I. C. Dodd and T. S. George, Significance of root hairs for plant performance under contrasting field conditions and water deficit, Annals of Botany, Volume 128, Issue 1, 30 June 2021, Pages 3–18, 10.1093/aob/mcaa181
Techniques of Concomitant Abdominoplasty and Umbilical Hernia Repair: A Review
Authors: Person Hélène , Mojallal Ali , Braye Fabienne , Shipkov Hristo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Different methods of performing full abdominoplasty and umbilical hernia (UH) repair simultaneously have been proposed.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to review and compare UH repair outcomes and umbilical stalk survival.

Methods
A literature research was performed through 28 December 2019. Other hernia repairs and mini-abdominoplasty (without umbilical transposition) were excluded. The primary outcomes analyzed were rates of UH recurrence, mesh infection, and umbilical necrosis.

Results
Six studies were included (5 retrospectives series, 1 case report). Hernia was repaired by an open approach (3 studies, 28 patients) or a laparoscopic approach (3 studies, 67 patients). UH repair consisted of mesh placement in the intraperitoneal or retromuscular/preperitoneal plane, or suture technique in the intraperitoneal plane. No hernia recurrence, mesh infection, or umbilical necrosis was described.

Conclusions
Both open and laparoscopic approaches to simultaneous abdominoplasty and UH repair seem to be safe based on the rates of umbilical stalk vascularization, hernia recurrence, and mesh infection. However, more well-designed studies are needed to prove this hypothesis.

Level of Evidence: 4
Long-term Outcomes of Ophthalmic and Retinal Artery Occlusion After Cosmetic Facial Filler Injection
Authors: Lee Yun Jeong , Woo Se Joon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Ophthalmic artery occlusion (OAO) and retinal artery occlusion (RAO) after facial filler injection have become increasingly significant due to the growth in cosmetic injection procedures for aesthetic purposes.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term visual outcomes and complications of cosmetic facial filler–related OAO and RAO.

Methods
This single-center, retrospective case series included 17 eyes of 16 filler-related OAO or RAO patients with a follow-up period of 1 year or longer. Main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and long-term complications.

Results
The mean [standard deviation] age at diagnosis was 31.7 [9.7] years; all the patients were female. The mean follow-up period was 5.4 [2.4] years. The mean BCVA was 2.34 and 2.41 logMAR at the initial and final visits, respectively, which indicates sustained long-term visual impairment. Ocular complications included retinal atrophy and degeneration (100.0%), optic atrophy and blindess (no light perception) (82.4%), strabismus (80.0%), retinal fibrous membrane (68.8%), posterior synechiae (35.3%), neovascularization (29.4%), iris atrophy and cataract (23.5%), corneal opacity and phthisis bulbi (17.6%), visual field defect and iris defect (11.8%), ophthalmoplegia (7.7%), and pupillary block (5.9%). Extraocular complications of brain infarction and depression were found in 25.0%, whereas skin necrosis was found in 13.3% of patients.

Conclusions
Facial filler–related OAO or RAO resulted in long-term poor visual outcome, and most of the patients experienced irreversible visual impairment with no light perception despite various treatments. Various long-term ocular and extraocular complications were observed, which should be monitored for a long-term follow-up period. Our findings suggest that prevention should be emphasized more than treatment.

Level of Evidence: 4