bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Electromagnetic Mill Promoted Mechanochemical Solid-State Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions: Ultra-Low Catalyst Loading without Molecular Dispersants
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Yunxia , Zhang Lizhi , Dong Yunhui , Liu Qing , Zhang Daopeng , Chen Lei , Liu Hui , Zhao Zengdian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Nobel-prize-winning Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling(SMC) is a practical and attractive strategy for the construction of C-C bonds in both academic and industrial settings. However, the development of solid-state SMC reactions remains extremely scarce. Herein, we report the first electromagnetic mill(EMM) promoted solid-state SMC reaction using ultra-low palladium loading(0.05 mol%) without any molecular dispersants. This protocol exhibits substantially broadened substrate scope, good functional groups tolerance and efficient gram-scale synthesis, especially, provides relative high yields. The utility of this strategy was exemplified in the modification of photoluminescence molecules, cross-coupling of slightly soluble compound and synthesis of several important bioactive molecules. Furthermore, the XPS analyses on the oxidation state changes of palladium catalyst suggest the involvement of PdI intermediate which might be the active catalytic species. This solvent-free solid-state EMM-SMC was potential developed into industrially attractive and environmentally friendly routes, and the EMM system developed in this study could unlock broad areas of chemical space for solvent-free solid-state metal-catalyzed syntheses of valuable targets in various scientific fields.
Effect of male partner involvement on maternity waiting home utilization in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Yarinbab Teklemariam , Abera Mubarek , Harrison Margo , Belachew Tefera 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe primary cause of adverse maternal health outcomes has been identified to be the delay in reaching care at health facility. This is often attributed to the long distances’ women need to travel to gain access to health facilities. Literature show that maternity waiting homes (MWHs) contribute significantly to the reduction of maternal death and stillbirth among users. Despite its importance in improving maternal & neonatal health outcomes, the utilization of MWHs is very low in Ethiopia. So, it is important to investigate what strategies could be effective in improving MWH utilization in Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess if male partner involvement could be used as a solution to improve MWH utilization in Ethiopia.Methods/designThis study will evaluate the effect of male partner involvement on MWH utilization in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A behavioral intervention will be performed using a cluster-randomized controlled trial design. The intervention will have two arms, i.e., experimental and control arms. The study participants will be pregnant women in their second trimesters with their male partners. The total trial sample size will be 388. That means 194 study participants in each arm. Randomization will be conducted at cluster level. Study participants and assessors will be masked. Data analysis will be performed by STATA version 14.0 using an Intention-To-Treat Approach.DiscussionThe content of the intervention will be group health education, home visits, and phone counseling. Health education will be delivered to "husband-expectant wife" pairs at the baseline. Then home visits will be conducted at the beginning of every month, and phone counseling will be conducted in the third week of every month for consecutive six months. The anticipated trial commencement time is November 2021.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05015023. Registered August 20, 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05015023
Giant complex non-parasitic splenic cyst in a young boy: is laparoscopic spleen-preserving surgery safe?
Authors: Boscarelli Alessandro , Miglietta Marta , Murru Flora-Maria , Maita Sonia , Scarpa Maria-Grazia , Codrich Daniela , Schleef Jurgen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Non-parasitic splenic cysts are an uncommon finding in pediatric patients. We report on a 14-year-old male presenting with a giant abdominal mass. Imaging documented a giant splenic cyst, and preoperative blood tests revealed high levels of CA125. Minimally invasive unroofing of the cyst was performed. Notably, the cyst content was hematic, but histopathological studies described a mesothelial cyst lining. To date, no recurrence has been noted. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving surgery appears to be a valid and safe treatment option in children with complex non-parasitic splenic cyst to preserve the splenic parenchyma.
SERIAL IMAGING OF A CHILD WITH LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE AT BETHESDA HOSPITAL, YOGYAKARTA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Pradnyana Jourdy Kharisma 
Published: September 2021

Background: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a rare condition of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head, mostly affects children under fifteen old. Most cases only affect one femoral head; bilateral involvement only occurs in about 15% of cases. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention play an important role in the prognosis to prevent degenerative damage on the bones and joints.
Objective: To describe a case of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease in a 9-year-old boy in Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta.
Case Description: A 9-year-old boy came with one month history of worsening pelvic pain to Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta. He also showed limping and limited mobility. Initial imaging studies did not find any abnormalities. Further follow-up with MSCT scan related to the complaint of persistent pain showed defects of left hip joint indicating Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. The patient undergone skin traction treatment which shows modest improvement on serial radiographic examinations during hospital admission.
Conclusion: The rarity of LCPD warrant thorough imaging studies on children with unexplainable severe hip joint pain. Treatment should be initiated as early as possible after diagnosis to prevent further bone damage and worsening prognosis. Conservative management with skin traction would benefit the patient in restoring normal anatomy and optimal joint congruence to prevent degenerative damage to the joints.
The Therapeutic Potential of Algal Nanoparticles: A Brief Review
Authors: Yadav Dhananjay , Jin Jun O. , Chauhan Pallavi Singh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Recently, the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) has received tremendous
attention as a simple approach. The green pathway of biogenic synthesis of metallic NPs through
microbes may provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly protocol. Green technology is
the most innovative technology for various biological activities and lacks toxic effects. Reports
have shown the algae-mediated synthesis of metal NPs. Algae are widely used for biosynthesis as
they grow fast; they produce biomass on average ten times that of plants and are easily utilized experimentally.
In the future, the production of metal NPs by different microalgae and their biological
activity can be explored in diverse areas such as catalysis, medical diagnosis, and anti-biofilm
applications.
Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.): Focus on Nutraceutical Aspects
Authors: Nazhand Amirhossein , Durazzo Alessandra , Lucarini Massimo , Silva Amelia M. , Souto Selma B. , Severino Patricia , Souto Eliana B. , Santini Antonello 
Published: September 2021

:
Medicinal plants have been globally exploiting as an alternative to chemical drugs in the
treatment of several diseases due to low unwanted side effects, environmentally friendly nature,
and low production costs. Therefore, it is important to analyze the therapeutic properties of various
medicinal plants to understand their potential bioactivity. Uncaria tomentosa is one of these medicinal
plants with many health-promoting effects. Although the geographical resources of cat's claw
go back to the remote tropics of the Amazon, industrialized countries use the plant extensively in
trade. Various parts of the plants such as flowers, leaves, Stem, hooks, and seeds are mainly used
medicinally to treat inflammation, asthma, allergies, skin impurities, microbial infections, neurodegenerative
diseases, cancer, cirrhosis, gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, heart disease, rheumatism,
and fever. The endpoint of this review article is to prospectively scrutinize in vitro and in vivo
the therapeutic potential of this plant, especially in terms of its nutritional applications and healthbeneficial
effects.
The Antitumor Activity of Ginger against Colorectal Cancer Induced by Dimethylhydrazine
in Rats
Authors: El-Sayed Wael M. , Abdel-Rasol Mohammed A. , El-Beih Nadia M. , Yahya Shaymaa S. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Bowl or colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer with about two
million new cases every year. CRC is the second leading cause of cancer related mortalities.

Objective:
The study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of ethanolic Ginger Extract (GE) in HCT-116 colon cells
and colorectal tumors induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH).

Methods:
The antiproliferative activity was measured by MTT assay and the gene expression was assessed by q-RTPCR.
For the antitumor study, rats were divided into five groups in random; control, group two was orally treated with
300 mg/kg of GE for 21 weeks, group three was s.c. injected with DMH (20 mg/kg) for 9 weeks, and groups four and
five were treated with DMH and then treated with cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg, i.p) or GE, respectively, for 21 weeks.

Results:
GE had a significant antiproliferative activity with IC50~ 12.5 μg/ml. GE induced both extrinsic and intrinsic
apoptotic pathways. GE induced the expression of FasL, TRAIL, p53, and caspase-8 and downregulated Bcl-2 and
survivin genes. Treatment of rats with DMH resulted in 100% tumor incidence and 2.3 tumors/rat. DMH significantly
elevated the serum ALT, urea, and creatinine and significantly decreased the body weight gain. DMH also caused
significant reductions in the hepatic GSH level, and the activities of catalase, SOD, GST, and GR in the liver as well as
the renal GSH content and γ-GT activity. The colon from rats insulted with DMH showed adenomatous polyps with
polymorphism and mitosis. The mucosa and submucosa were infested with inflammatory cells while serosa and muscularis
were devoid from these cells. However, the muscularis was infiltrated with cystic formation, anaplastic
changes, and hemorrhage. GE was able to alleviate all the previous deleterious effects of DMH and it was superior to
cisplatin in its ameliorative effects. It did so without eliciting hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity which were shown in the
group treated with DMH and cisplatin.

Conclusion:
This study proved that the antitumor activity of GE against the DMH induced-CRC is superior to cisplatin.
GE was also safer than cisplatin and did not elicit hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. GE induced apoptosis and
has carcinostatic activity.
Protective Effect of Nerium oleander Distillate and Tarantula cubensis Alcoholic
Extract on Cancer Biomarkers in Colon and Liver Tissues of Rats with Experimental
Colon Cancer
Authors: Dik Burak , Coskun Devran , Er Ayşe 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Colon cancers are among the top three causes of cancer-related deaths. This study is a continuation
of previous research aiming to identify effective treatments.

Objective:
This study investigated the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) and Nerium oleander
(NO) distillate on the levels of midkine, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and caspase-3 in the liver
and colon tissues of rats with experimentally induced colon cancer.

Method:
The liver and colon tissues of rats were homogeneously divided into control, colon cancer (azoxymethane,
AZM), AZM + TCAE, and AZM + NO distillate groups. The levels of midkine, TGF-β, VEGF, AFP, COX-2, IGF,
and caspase-3 in the colon and liver tissues were measured by ELISA.

Results:
The levels of all parameters in colon and liver tissues in the AZM group were higher (p<0.05) than those in
the control group. TCAE and NO distillate prevented (p < 0.05) increases in midkine, TGF-β, VEGF, AFP, COX-2,
IGF, and caspase-3 levels in the colon. NO distillate prevented the increase in all parameters except IGF, whereas
TCAE prevented the increase in all values apart from COX-2 and IGF levels in the liver (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
NO distillate and TCAE may prevent the studied markers from reaching specified levels observed in the
colon in AZM-induced colon cancer. The increases in the levels of the parameters in the liver were not as severe as
those in the colon; however, an 18-week study period may not be sufficient for liver metastasis formation. Future molecular
studies should investigate the mechanisms and pathways of these treatments in greater detail.
In-vitro Evaluation of Isatin Derivatives as Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Agents against
MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 Breast Cancers Cell Lines:
A Review
Authors: Chauhan Garima , Pathak Dharam Pal , Ali Faraat , Dubey Pragya , Khasimbi Shaik 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent malignancies and the most common reasons
for impermanence in women. The backbone of therapy for BC is principally chemotherapy, but its non-specific nature
to differentiate between normal cells and cancer cells and severe side effects are the main barriers in its use. So, there is
an intense requirement to enlarge more efficacious, more specific and safer anti-BC agents.

Objective:
Isatin (IST) is an endogenous molecule that is a principal class of heterocyclic compounds and exhibits a
wide range of therapeutic activities which can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of several drug molecules.
Many kinds of literature were reported previously on different pharmacological activities of IST derivatives and particularly
on anticancer activity but this review mainly focuses on anti-BC activities of IST derivatives through MCF-7,
MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines. Herein we mentioned; a total of 33 IST derivatives (compound
24- 56) which show good anti-BC activity. IST-derived compounds are also available in the market and are
used for various cancer types like sunitinib for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Nintedanib for the cryptogenic fibrosing
alveolitis treatment, but when evaluated for BC, they did not prove to be much successful.

Conclusion:
This review mainly highlights anti-BC activities of various IST analogues using MCF-7, MDA MB 231,
MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines, displaying the potent compound of the series and structure-activity relationships
of compounds with molecular docking also. So, this study mainly shows the importance of IST as a major
source for drug design and development of newer anti-BC drugs.
Neurodegenerative Disorders and the Current State, Pathophysiology, and
Management of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Rahul  , Siddique Yasir 
Published: September 2021

:
In the last few decades, major knowledge has been gained about pathophysiological aspects
and molecular pathways behind Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Based on neurotoxicological
studies and postmortem investigations, there is a general concept of how environmental toxicants
(neurotoxins, pesticides, insecticides) and genetic factors (genetic mutations in PD-associated proteins)
cause depletion of dopamine from substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain and
modulate cellular processes leading to the pathogenesis of PD. α-Synuclein, a neuronal protein accumulation
in oligomeric form, called protofibrils, is associated with cellular dysfunction and neuronal
death, thus possibly contributing to PD propagation. With advances made in identifying loci
that contribute to PD, molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis are now clear, and introducing
therapeutic strategy at the right time may delay the progression. Biomarkers for PD have
helped monitor PD progression; therefore, personalized therapeutic strategies can be facilitated. In
order to further improve PD diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, independent validation of biomarkers
is required.
Approaches for Ear-targeted Delivery Systems in Neurosensory Disorders to avoid Chronic Hearing Loss Mediated Neurological Diseases
Authors: Taleuzzaman Mohamad , Verma Rishabh , Vyas Preeti , Kaur Jasmeet , Javed Md. Noushad , Sarafroz Mohammad , Ahmad Makhmur , Gilani Sadaf Jamal 
Published: September 2021

Background & Objective:Hearing loss is a common audio-vestibular-related neurosensory disability of inner ears, in which patients exhibit clinical symptoms of dizziness, gait unsteadiness, and oscillopsia, at an initial stage. While, if such disorders are untreated for a prolonged duration then the progression of disease into a chronic state significantly decreases GABA level as well as an alteration in the neurotransmission of CNS systems. Hence, to control the progression of disease into a chronic approaches for timely and targeted delivery of the drugs at the site of action in the ear is now attracting the interest of neurologists for effective and safe treatment of such disorders. Among delivery systems, owing to small dimension, better penetration, rate-controlled release, higher bioavailability; nanocarriers are preferred to overcome delivery barriers, improvement in residence time, and enhanced the performance of loaded drugs. Subsequently, these carriers also stabilize encapsulated drugs while also provide an opportunity to modify the surface of carriers to favor guided direction for site-specific targeting. Contrary to this; conventional routes of drug delivery such as oral, intravenous, and intramuscular are poorer in performance because of inadequate blood supply to the inner ear and limited penetration of blood–inner ear barrier.Conclusion:This review summarized novel aspects of non-invasive and biocompatible nanoparticles- based approaches for targeted delivery of drugs into the cochlea of the ear to reduce the rate, and extent of the emergence of any hearing loss mediated neurological disorders.
A Commentary: Why Ignoring Evidence for Cannabis
Harmfulness to Youth Wellness: The “Cannabis Envy” $Politics
Authors: Kaminer Yifrah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
The process of approving the legalization of cannabis for recreational
purposes at the state level in the U.S has been replete with denial and avoidance of
scientific evidence. Instead of representing the best interest of public health, many
politicians have elected to serve the cannabis industry while using “fake news”.
This commentary provides an example, description, and analysis of how and why
politicians betray their constituents.
Análisis espacio-temporal bayesiano de las remesas y la inclusión financiera en municipios de México
Authors: Núñez Medina Gerardo , López Arevalo Jorge Alberto 
Published: September 2021

El crecimiento continuado en el monto de las remesas enviadas por emigrantes mexicanos desde Estados Unidos revela la importancia de su estudio. El objetivo es analizar la distribución espacio-temporal de las remesas así como cuantificar el efecto de la inclusión financiera en su distribución a lo largo de todos los municipios de México para el periodo 2015-2020. La metodología se sustenta en la implementación de una serie de modelos gaussianos latentes en competencia. Los resultados señalan que existe una importante relación entre inclusión financiera y los niveles de dispersión espacio-temporal de las remesas.
Impact of the United States-Mexico-Canada (USMCA) Free-Trade Agreement on the Automotive Sector in Mexico
Authors: Medina María de Lourdes Álvarez 
Published: September 2021

The article aims to analyze the changes in the free trade agreement of the United States, Mexico, and Canada (USMCA) for the automotive industry, explaining the origin and impact on light vehicle production in Mexico. The new rules affect the drivers of location decisions for companies and positively influence the growth rate of the automotive industry in the region, but unevenly for the countries and companies involved. The regional content value of each automobile assembled in Mexico and sold in the United States in 2020 is analyzed to understand the dynamics of competition and protectionism. There is a strategy to increase automotive manufacturing in the region, especially in the United States. The agreement promotes import substitution, increasing the regionalization of the supply chain. German and Asian carmakers producing in Mexico will need more adjustments.

Keywords: Automotive Industry, USMCA, industry relocation, rules of origin, protectionism.
Mejora de las relaciones intergrupales a través del contacto en línea
Authors: Amzalag Meital , Shapira Noa 
Published: September 2021

En el presente estudio se examinó un programa de desarrollo profesional en línea diseñado para fortalecer las relaciones significativas y reducir estereotipos y prejuicios entre profesores de diferentes culturas en la sociedad israelí. La fundamentación del programa en línea se basó en la premisa de que el contacto indirecto en línea podría mejorar las relaciones intergrupales en sociedades distintas. El programa se diseñó para poder progresar gradualmente. Se inicia desde lo básico para después llegar a una relación más profunda mediante una variedad de herramientas de comunicación mediada por computadora (CMC). Los resultados indicaron que, al finalizar el programa, los participantes eran más respetuosos entre sí que antes del programa. Tenían una visión positiva del aprendizaje en línea y estaban abiertos al multiculturalismo (eran más tolerantes y aceptaban a otros mejor que antes) mientras conservaban aún sus propias identidades culturales. Los participantes del programa notaron la progresión gradual en el diseño de las tareas y señalaron expresamente que esta estructura paso a paso contribuyó a la creación de una conexión y posteriormente fomentó la familiarización. Este estudio llena un vacío en la investigación, pues demuestra la manera en la que el contacto en línea (contacto indirecto) puede usarse para fomentar el contacto y reducir estereotipos y prejuicios entre profesores de diferentes grupos de la sociedad israelí.
Improving Student Reading Comprehension Through Question and Answer Relationships
Authors: Kusuma Hanny 
Published: September 2021

Reading comprehension is the ability to process text, understand the purpose of the text and integrate with what the reader knows. The ability of individuals to understand texts is influenced by their abilities and ability to process information. The method that researchers use in this study is the question and answer method in reading. So the teacher asks students to read a text, then after that the teacher holds a question and answer session in accordance with the reading text. The main research goals of the study is improving students reading comprehension skills with question and answer method. The implementation is doing in the classroom. After doing research with all 10th grade students, SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Jakarta. This question and answer method can make students become more diligent in reading and understanding every reading and questions given by the teacher, and for teachers, asked to provide more material and methods that can make students become more active and effective in each reading subjects. The result of is some students understand this method. And there are also students who do not like this method, but more students are successful and like this method.