bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2‐Phenyl‐naphtho[2,3‐d]oxazole‐4,9‐dione is Cytotoxic against Androgen‐dependent and ‐independent Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: Ononiwu Innocent Maduabughichukwu , Bakare Oladapo , Adedeji Dolapo , Copeland Robert , Kanaan Yasmine , Warrick Cynthia , Gwebu Ephraim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:In the United States of America, prostate cancer is the second most common cancer which affects thousands of men each year. Treatment options for prostate cancer are limited and the search for compounds with significant efficacy against prostate cancer is on‐going. 1‐4 naphthoquinones have been reported to possess significant effects against cancer cell lines and solid tumors. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of 2‐Phenyl‐naphtho[2,3‐d]oxazole‐4,9‐dione against two androgen‐dependent (LNCaP, CW‐22R) and two androgen‐independent (PC‐3, DU‐145) prostate cancer cell lines using the MTT‐antiproliferation assay.Our data show that 2‐Phenyl‐naphtho[2,3‐d]oxazole‐4,9‐dione possesses potent antiproliferative activity against the prostate cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 0.19 μM, 0.37µM, 0.89µM and 1.78µM, for LNCaP, PC‐3, CWR‐22R and DU‐145 respectively.2‐Phenyl‐naphtho[2,3‐d]oxazole‐4,9‐dione is a potent antiproliferative compound against prostate cancer cell lines and could serve as a template for synthesizing a library of compounds with significant efficacy against prostate cancer.
Protein turnover during pregnancy
Authors: Levesque Crystal L , Moehn Soenke , Pencharz Paul B , Ball Ron O 
Published: June 2021

The response of whole body protein turnover in sows to increasing dietary threonine (THR) during pregnancy was determined using continuous oral delivery of L[1‐13C]phenylalanine (PHE) in six multiparous sows. Pregnancy (115 d) was divided into early (35 to 53 d) and late (93 to 110 d) gestation. Sows received diets with 4.9 ‐ 16.1 gd−1 THR. Blood was sampled every 30 min for 4 h. Data was analyzed with a nonlinear Mixed model.In early pregnancy, THR intake did not affect protein turnover. However, when expressed as a percent of flux, protein synthesis increased (R2=0.84) and PHE oxidation decreased (R2=0.79) at THR intakes below the dietary requirement. In late pregnancy, PHE oxidation decreased (R2=0.40) and protein synthesis increased (R2=0.40) linearly. The THR requirement based on protein synthesis in early pregnancy was 2‐fold lower (6.0 gd−1) than in late pregnancy (>14.0 gd−1). There was no difference between early and late pregnancy in total protein breakdown (p=0.27, 44.1 ± 2.2 vs 46.2 ± 2.3 gd−1, respectively) and PHE flux (p=0.12, 57.0 ± 2.5 vs 60.0 ± 2.6 gd−1, respectively). However, PHE flux/kg BW was higher in early pregnancy compared to late pregnancy (82.2 ± 2.1 vs 71.2 ± 2.2 gd−1, respectively, p=0.0001).Funding: AB Pork, ON Pork, AB Livestock Industry Development Fund, ACAAF, Ajinomoto.
Efficacy of Medifast's 5&1 meal replacement program compared to a food‐based diet for weight loss and weight maintenance: 4‐month weight loss results
Authors: Coleman Christopher , Davis Lisa M. , Rampolla Joni , Kiel Jessica , Hutchisen Tammy , Ford Laura , Andersen Wayne S. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveA RCT was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Medifast's 5 & 1 meal replacement program on body weight and body composition compared to an isocaloric food‐based diet plan for a 4‐month period of weight loss.MethodsSubjects 90 obese adults randomly assigned to 2 groups: Medifast (MD) (n=45; 30 women, 15 men; BMI 38.5 ± 6.8) and Food‐based (FB) (n=45; 34 women, 11 men; BMI 37.8 ± 4.5). Subjects met biweekly with RDs to have anthropometrics measured and for dietary and behavioral counseling. Weight and bp were measured biweekly. Waist circumference (WC), % body fat, lean muscle mass (LMM), visceral fat, and pulse were measured every 4 weeks.ResultsSubjects lost 2x more body weight on Medifast [MD ‐29.8lbs, FB ‐14.4lbs (p=0.000); % wt loss: MD ‐7.0, FB ‐1.2 (p=0.002)]; 5x more body fat [% Δ in body fat: MD ‐13.6, FB ‐2.7 (p=0.001)]; improved WC [WC Δ: MD ‐13cm, FB ‐8.2cm (p=0.047); % Δ WC: MD ‐11.2, FB ‐7.2 (p=0.069)]; and had 7x greater % reduction in visceral fat: MD ‐25.4, FB ‐3.7 (p=0.001), while maintaining LMM [% wt loss as LMM: MD 16.6, FB 47.3 (p=0.002)]. No significant between groups differences were found for bp or pulse. Retention rates (64% vs. 44%) and program adherence was higher in the MD group.ConclusionAt 4 months, Medifast's 5&1 meal replacement program out‐performed an isocaloric food‐based diet in weight loss and body composition. This research was funded by Medifast, Inc., Owings Mills, MD.
The influence of current diet on the effectiveness of nutrition education for elderly in rural area
Authors: Moon Hyun‐Kyung , Kim Jeung‐Eun 
Published: June 2021

Recently, promoting nutrition education(NE) is being emphasized. It is known that many factors influence on the effectiveness of NE. In this study, whether current diet has influences on the effectiveness of education for nutritional knowledge and attitude in elderly is studied.NE was carried out for 76 elderly in rural area. Nutrition knowledge and attitude were measured using scoring system before and after the NE group session. Comparing before and after the score, they are classified as positive group(P), those improved their score and negative group(N), those kept or dropped their score. Forty three were classified as P. Thirty three were classified as N. Two groups were analyzed.Two groups had no statistical differences on sex, age, and education level, and anthropometry and lipid profile. (P<0.05) For the nutrient intake, overall N had higher intake. Sodium, potassium, and vitamin C showed statistical significance. (P<0.05) For NAR, vitamin A was higher in N than P, and calcium was higher in P than N. (P<0.05) There was no significant difference in MAR. For the food group intake, fruit and their product showed two fold higher in N than P. Other food group showed no significant differences.Current diet did show some influences for the effectiveness of NE in this study group. Because it is necessary to study current diet for NE, we should make use these data especially for the group education.
Partnering with Alaskan communities to examine health benefits of traditional wild berries
Authors: Kellogg Joshua J , Yousef Gad G , Grace Mary H , Flint Courntey , Raskin Ilya , Lila Mary Ann 
Published: June 2021

Wild indigenous berries including Vaccinium uliginosum, V. ovalifolium, Empetrum nigrum, Rubus chamaemorus, and R. spectabilis, traditional subsistence foods in American Indian and Alaskan Native (AI/AN) populations, are a rich source of anthocyanins (AC) and proanthocyanidins (PAC), with known efficacy against metabolic disorders. In recent years, AI/AN communities have exhibited disproportionately high rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus; over twice the national average. Wild berries were tested using "Screens‐to‐Nature" (STN), a community‐participatory approach to screen for potential antioxidants, glucosidase and protease inhibitors, in partnership with tribal members from three different Alaskan villages: Akutan, Seldovia, and Point Hope. Fruits that demonstrated activity in the STN were evaluated via HPLC and LC‐MS. Significant species and location‐based variation in AC (0.9‐438.6 mg eq /100g fw) and PAC (73.7‐625.2 mg eq /100g fw) were noted. Berries collected at the northernmost site (Point Hope) demonstrate significantly higher flavonoid concentrations in some species. A‐type PAC dimers through tetramers were also identified in various species, which are being examined for lipid accumulation inhibition activity and effects on mRNA expression levels in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.Supported by EPA STAR Research Assistance Agreement No. EPA RD‐83370701.
Genistein reduces the number and duration of hot flashes in peri/post menopausal women in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multi‐center trial
Authors: Elliott James Gary , Evans Mal , Sharma Prachi , Berman Robert , Guthrie Najla 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a safe, high‐purity, non‐plant derived, non‐allergenic, patent‐protected, proprietary genistein (geniVida) in alleviating hot flashes in peri/post menopausal women.Methods84 peri/post menopausal women (minimum 7 hot flashes/day or 40/week) were enrolled in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel, multi‐center ICH/GCP trial and given a 30 mg capsule of geniVida or a 30 mg placebo capsule daily with breakfast for 12 weeks. Measurements included daily hot flashes, FSH, 17 beta‐estradiol, endometrial thickness and adverse events.ResultsWomen on geniVida had fewer hot flashes/day from baseline to 8 and 12 weeks vs. women on the placebo (p=0.045 and p=0.015, respectively). 61.5% of women on geniVida had 50% or greater reduction in daily hot flashes vs. 25.9% of women on placebo. 88.5% of women on geniVida had 25% or greater reduction in duration of daily hot flashes vs. 59.3% of women on placebo. Severity of hot flashes was not different between groups. There were no differences between the groups for FSH, 17 beta‐estradiol, endometrial thickness and adverse events.ConclusionsgeniVida genistein was demonstrated to have a significant benefit in reducing the number and duration of daily hot flashes in peri/post menopausal women and may be used to manage menopausal symptoms without hormone replacement. Supported by DSM Nutritional Products, Inc.
Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study to evaluate the effect of 500 mg once a day EpiCor on allergy symptoms
Authors: Robinson Larry E , Moyad Mark A 
Published: June 2021

An immunogenic fermentate product, EpiCor®, has demonstrated the ability to reduce the risk and duration of cold and flu‐like symptoms, and to modulate the immune response in two previous randomized controlled trials. In this follow‐up study, EpiCor is tested for its impact on seasonal allergies. Eighty‐four (84) healthy subjects tested positive for seasonal allergies and were randomized to 500mg/day EpiCor vs. placebo during the 12 week spring/summer allergy season. Subjects completed a questionnaire and recorded their symptoms and use of rescue medication in an allergy diary.Because pollen counts were significantly higher for weeks 0‐6 vs. weeks 7‐12 (p=0.0003), only data from the first 6 weeks of the trial are reported. During this period, EpiCor significantly reduced the mean severity of nasal symptoms (p=0.03), runny nose (p=0.005) and nasal congestion (p=0.04), and resulted in approximately 6 fewer congestive days vs. placebo (17 vs. 23 days, p=0.04). Subjects taking EpiCor also utilized significantly less rescue medication (p=0.04) vs. placebo. Nasal smear data mirrored this observed effectiveness, with lower nasal eosinophils (p<0.06) in the EpiCor vs. placebo group. These current and past clinical trials suggest that this nutritional fermentate product may have beneficial clinical immune modulating effects. Research supported by Embria Health Sciences, Ankeny, Iowa.
Effects of Bison Compared to Beef Consumption on Selected Biomarkers of Inflammation
Authors: Mihalopoulos Jason , Bennett D. , Jalili T. , Williams D. P. , McDaniel J. , Richardson R. S. , Askew E. W. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDiets high in saturated fat are linked to increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Beef is a common dietary source of saturated fat. Bison meat is a lean meat alternative to beef and has higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids.ObjectivesTo determine if consumption of bison vs. beef will reduce inflammatory biomarkers related to CVD.MethodsNine male subjects participated in a double blind cross over free living study. Subjects ate 12 ounces beef or bison meat/d (steak and roast), 6 d/wk for 49 d followed by a 30 d washout period; after which they received the other meat for 49 days. Diets were isocaloric varying only by the type of meat. Blood samples were taken before and after a single meal (acute), and at the start and end of each 49 d feeding period (chronic) and analyzed for IL‐6, IL‐10, PAI‐1, and TNF‐α.ResultsBison treatment: TNF‐α was significantly decreased both acutely and chronically (‐7%, ‐10%; p<0.05), while PAI‐1 only decreased acutely. Beef treatment: No significant changes in these biomarkers were observed.ConclusionAcute or chronic beef consumption over a 7 wk period did not increase inflammatory biomarkers. Bison consumption showed some advantage over beef due to its modulation of TNF‐α and PAI‐1.Source of research support: National Buffalo Foundation
Exercise reduces production of endothelin in the coronary circulation
Authors: de Beer Vincent J , Bender Shawn B , Gao Fen , Hoekstra Maaike , Duncker Dirk J , Merkus Daphne 
Published: June 2021

We have previously shown that withdrawal of an endothelin (ET)‐mediated vasoconstrictor influence during exercise contributes to metabolic vasodilation of the porcine coronary vasculature. The aim of the present study was to investigate if this reduced ET‐mediated vasoconstriction during exercise was due to a reduced production of ET from its precursor Big‐Endothelin (BigET) and/ or a reduced sensitivity of the coronary vasculature to ET.Changes in coronary blood flow (CBF) and coronary venous oxygen pressure (cvPO2) in response to graded infusions of ET (10 and 20 pmol/kg/min for 10 minutes, intravenously) and its precursor BigET (20 and 40 pmol/kg/min for 10 minutes, intravenously) were measured in chronically instrumented swine (n=4) at rest and during submaximal treadmill exercise at 3km/h.Administration of ET resulted in dose‐dependent decreases in CBF and cvPO2 both at rest (P<0.05 by ANOVA) and during exercise (P<0.05 by ANOVA). The decrease in CBF and cvPO2 in response to ET was similar during exercise as compared to rest, indicating that the coronary vasoconstrictor response to ET was maintained during exercise.Administration of BigET also resulted in dose‐dependent decrease in both CBF and cvPO2 at rest (P<0.05 by ANOVA), but not during exercise (P<0.05 by ANOVA). Since exercise resulted in an attenuation of the coronary vasoconstrictor response to BigET but not ET, it appears that the production of ET from its precursor BigET is decreased during exercise.In conclusion, exercise does not result in altered sensitivity of the coronary vasculature to ET, but does affect production of ET from BigET. The decreased ET production is likely to contribute to metabolic coronary vasodilation during exercise.Supported by Netherlands Heart Foundation grant 2000T042.
Mandatory fortification with folic acid in the United States appear to have adverse effects on histone methylation in women with pre‐cancer but not in women free of pre‐cancer
Authors: Piyathilake Chandrika Jayanthi , Macaluso Maurizio , Badiga Suguna , Celedonio Jorge E , Bell Walter C , Grizzle William E 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether mandatory fortification of grain products with folic acid in the USA is associated with changes in histone methylation in cells involved in cervical carcinogenesis. Cervical specimens (free of pre‐cancer or diagnosed with pre‐cancer cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 [CIN 3]) obtained before (1990‐92) or after mandatory folic acid fortification (2000‐02) were used to examine the degree of histone methylation (H3 Lys‐9) by immunohistochemistry. Age‐ and race‐adjusted mean H3 Lys‐9 score was significantly higher in CIN 3 specimens obtained in the post‐fortification period compared to pre‐fortification period (P < 0.05). In contrast, in specimens obtained from women free of CIN, H3 Lys‐9 scores were significantly lower in post‐fortification specimens compared to pre‐fortification specimens (P < 0.05). Altered histone methylation has emerged as key to DNA methylation‐related gene silencing and this type of gene silencing in cancer is accompanied by an increase in H3 Lys9 methylation. Therefore, higher Lys‐9 methylation in cervical tissues of women diagnosed with CIN 3 in the post‐fortification period compared to pre‐fortification period suggest that fortification may have adverse effects on histone methylation in already initiated cells. Lower Lys‐9 methylation in cervical cells of women free of CIN in the post fortification period compared to pre fortification on the other hand suggest that fortification is likely to protect against the initiation of carcinogenic process in the cervix.Supported by NCI R03 CA 102893
Discovery of soy peptides from enzymatic hydrolysis of purified β‐conglycinin with potent fatty acid synthase inhibitory activity
Authors: Martinez‐Villaluenga Cristina , Roman Maxine , Gonzalez de Mejia Elvira 
Published: June 2021

Current evidence indicates that fatty acid metabolism pathway represents a potential target for obesity prevention. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FAS) results in decrease in food intake and body weight in animal models. In addition, FAS is over‐expressed in several tumor types; therefore, its inhibition is an important therapeutic opportunity inducing tumor cell‐specific apoptosis. The objectives were the discovery and characterization of FAS inhibitory peptides derived from purified soy β‐conglycinin. FAS inhibitory peptides were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of pure soy β‐conglycinin (BCH) using alcalase (from Bacillus licheniformis), isolated by co‐immunoprecipitation and identified on a Q‐Tof API‐US nanoAcquity UPLC tandem ESI mass spectrometer. Inhibitory activity of BCH was assayed against purified FAS from chicken liver. Soybean BCH showed a potent FAS inhibitory activity (IC50 = 35 µM) which was higher than the positive control 4‐methylene ‐2‐ octyl‐ 5‐ oxotetrahydrofuran ‐3 ‐ carboxylic acid (IC50 = 76 µM). Three hydrophilic peptides KNPQLR, EITPEKNPQLR and RKQEEDEDEEQQRE were identified. The molecular interactions of these peptides with FAS catalytic sites were evaluated by computational molecular docking. In conclusion, soy peptides were discovered for the first time with a potent FAS inhibitory activity.Supported by European Commission (PIOF‐GA‐2008‐219860), Cargill Co.
Vascular oxidative stress, NF¿B activation and AT1 Receptor upregulation precede the development of hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR)
Authors: Bhatt Siddhartha Rajendra , Banday Anees Ahmad , Lokhandwala Mustafa F 
Published: June 2021

Oxidative stress is strongly associated to hypertension. However, it is unclear whether oxidative stress is a cause or a consequence of hypertension and what role it plays in this disease. A hallmark of hypertension is abnormal vascular tone which is, in part, due to Angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) upregulation, the cause of which is unknown. We have previously shown that oxidative stress activates NF¿B, a redox sensitive transcription factor, via nuclear translocation which contributes to AT1R upregulation and subsequent hypertension. Here we report that vascular oxidative stress, NF¿B activation and AT1R upregulation precede the development of hypertension in SHR. The blood pressure in young SHR (3‐4 wk old) was similar to the age‐matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). These SHR exhibited vascular oxidative stress as evidenced by increased oxidized glutathione levels, protein carbonylation and decreased superoxide dismutase activity as compared to WKY. The SHR vasculature also showed increased nuclear levels of NF¿B p65 subunit and increased AT1R protein levels. In conclusion, vascular oxidative stress via NF¿B activation may induce AT1R upregulation which precedes development of hypertension. This early evidence of oxidative stress suggests that it might be a cause of hypertension and may play a pivotal role in hypertension development by causing AT1R upregulationGrant AHA SDG 0835428N
Comparison of mean labial width in normal patients and those seeking labiaplasty
Authors: Murariu Daniel , Jackowe Davey Jules , Parsa F. Don , Nakasone G. Keoni , Parsa A. , Chun Benton 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionLabiaplasty is a common, though controversial surgical procedure. The goal of labiaplasty is to reduce the mean labial width of the labia minora. The most common etiologies for enlarged labia minora are hypertrophy, edema or mechanical stretching. We present the most comprehensive study to date comparing mean labial width of healthy volunteers to those seeking reductive labiaplasty.MethodsLabial width was defined as the distance measured in centimeters from the labial cusp to the edge of the labia minora, in the midline. Fifteen healthy patients, with ages ranging from 16 to 18 years, all G0P0, underwent measurement of labial width during a routine gynecological examination. Labial width was further measured in 24 patients requesting labiaplasty for hypertrophic labia. These results were compared using a Fischer's exact test.ResultsMean labial width for the healthy patients was 1.54 cm. The mean labial width for patients seeking reductive labiaplasty was 3.52cm. This difference was found to be significant using Fischer's exact test, (p< 0.05).ConclusionThis demonstrates that there is a definite anatomic basis for labiaplasty, and that patients seeking corrective surgery do not just suffer from dysmophia alone.
Effects of spaceflight and modeled microgravity on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Ming Yuan , Min Yuan , Feng Zhang Jian , Ting Li , Ying Zhang , Jun Tan Yin , Bai Ding , Lin Nie Jie , Hui Li Ying , Zhong Jiang Shi 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveSpaceflight and simulated microgravity induced cardiovascular deconditioning. Vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) plays a critical role in the regulation of cardiovascular functions. To elucidate the effects of spaceflight and modeled microgravity on the proliferation of VSMC and its mechanisms, we examined protein expression of β‐catenin and its related signal molecular,MethodsVSMCs exposed to microgravity for 48h in Shenzhou 7 spacecraft were fixed in space and stained by immunofluorescence after reentry. For the VSMCs exposed to modeled microgravity, the proliferation and cell cycle were measured by AlarmarBlue and flow cytometry .The protein expression of signal molecular was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsSpaceflight and modeled microgravity inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs. Modeled microgravity caused VSMCs to slightly accumulate in G0/1, decreased the expression of N‐cadherin, β‐catenin, cyclin D1 and phosphor‐Akt, but increased the expression of phosphor‐ GSK‐ 3β and p21Cip1. Spaceflight decreased the expression of N‐cadherin, β‐catenin, cyclin D1, but decreased the expression of p21Cip1.ConclusionSpaceflight and modeled microgravity decreased the proliferation of VSMCs, associated with the inhibition of β‐catenin signaling pathway. (Funded by China manned‐space project)