bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships with Children and Adolescents
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The processes of forming working relationships with children and adolescents are often different than those with adults because of their physical, psychological, cognitive, emotional, and social stages of development. Additionally, they are at risk for many unique problems due to their dependency on and vulnerability to harm by adults. Their problems may be related to an absence of adequate family support and appropriate adult models, exposure to unhealthy social systems and traumatic situations, attachment issues, and difficulties with emotional regulation. Peer conflicts can also create distress for youth. Further, while children and adolescents are dependent on adults to get most of their needs met, they are often distrusting of adults, including social workers. The purpose of this chapter is to consider how social workers can engage with members of this population and develop relationships with them based on trust.
Clients Toward Whom a Social Worker Feels Attraction
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The broad nature of the social work profession offers opportunities for practitioners to work with diverse clients. While committed to the welfare of all clients, social workers tend to be drawn to some clients more than others, due in part to their abilities to connect with them. A social worker’s positive feelings about his or her clients is a good thing, but it is possible that at times he or she will experience a special fondness or attraction for a client that can create biases that get in the way of a constructive working relationship. The purposes of this chapter are to explore the circumstances in which positive feelings about clients develop and to suggest ways for social workers to manage those feelings in a way that keeps their focus on the client’s welfare.
Managing Negative Feelings About Clients
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Social workers are like anyone else in that there are people to whom they are drawn and others toward whom they develop negative feelings. Some clients have engaged in behaviors so repulsive that almost anyone would feel uncomfortable in their presence, but there are others who simply “push the buttons” of social workers in ways that are unique to each of them. The purposes of this chapter are to recognize that social workers may have difficulty experiencing empathy for some clients and to consider how they can transcend that barrier to develop positive working relationships with them. Three sources of negative feelings are considered: client rejection of the social worker, client violation of social norms, and unconscious practitioner reactions.
Using Humor in Practice Relationships
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
People communicate their thoughts and feelings in many ways, one of which is through humor. Humor can be understood as a feature of any interaction that is intended to be amusing, and the desired result is a positive shared emotional experience that builds feelings of affinity. Thus, shared humor can at times positively affect the quality of a worker/client relationship. Using humor can be risky, however, because the kinds of issues social workers deal with are quite serious, and using humor in those contexts might be perceived as insensitive. The purpose of this chapter is to consider the benefits and risks of using humor as a means of positively advancing relationships with clients. The chapter also examines social workers’ use of gallows (or “backstage”) humor as a means of coping with their job-related stress.
Mechanisms of Authoritarian Image Management
Authors: Dukalskis Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
How exactly do authoritarian states manage their image abroad, and what are the causal chains linking their activities to their desired outcomes of internal and external security? This chapter proposes four sets of mechanisms to explain how authoritarian image management is meant to have tangible effects for states that undertake such a strategy. The framework categorizes specific tactics (i.e., soft power initiatives or silencing exiles) into higher-order groupings of mechanisms. The idea is to create a framework that can facilitate case study and comparative causal analysis across a range of contexts. Four mechanisms are proposed that vary along two dimensions: their form (promotional vs. obstructive) and their intended target (diffuse vs. specific). The chapter provides the tools to trace the causal processes associated with authoritarian image management.
Communication and Marketing
Authors: Quevedo Marysol 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter explains the author’s familiarity with the cultural values from within the communities that produce the various musical styles and genres promoted through events and recordings in work as a music scholar. The chapter presents some of the very practical steps one can take to become proficient in the basics of graphic design and marketing strategies, but also the ways in which most ethnomusicology students are already developing skills and knowledge to design and implement successful marketing campaigns and use social media to increase an organization or project’s visibility in their community. What the chapter proposes is not an overhaul of curricular offerings, but rather a reframing of specific course assessments in which the learning objectives emphasize not only the acquisition of cultural and musical knowledge and the development of critical thinking skills, but also the practical and applicable skills that professionals can list in their résumés (their toolkit, if you will) when they enter the job market.
Navigating a Path toward a Public-Facing Career in Ethnomusicology
Authors: Krieger Meryl 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As preparation for a fieldwork-based discipline, ethnomusicology programs train students to engage with interlocutors and communities to understand the dynamics of music creation and use in relation to cultural practices. Since this focus on training is common to all ethnomusicologists, whatever their career trajectory after graduate school, it seems relevant to explore the ways that programs are and are not meeting the professional development needs of emerging scholars. While the importance of basic research skills cannot be underestimated, there is less of a disciplinary focus on the ways that ethnomusicology students learn to engage productively as individuals participating in a community. That is, disciplinary training generally does not include structured reflection on the range of skills that the scholar needs to effectively engage as a partner with their communities of study. These skills can include anything from basic local business practices that will help them engage effectively as participants and advocates, to personal life skills. This chapter explores ways that selected ethnomusicology programs in the United States endeavor to bridge this professionalization divide, and suggests ways that students can take charge of their own professional development needs in this area from the perspective of a public-facing ethnomusicologist/professional career adviser.
Foreign Models
Authors: Encarnación Omar G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines gay reparations models from Spain, Britain, and Germany that American gay rights activists emulate. It recounts the long and dark histories of repression of gay people in those three countries, and analyzes how those histories encapsulate the most paradigmatic examples of the repression of homosexuality in the West. It discusses Spain’s repression of homosexuals, which goes back to the Middle Ages and the burning of “sodomites” at the stake during the Spanish Inquisition. It also reviews Britain’s Victorian-era accusation of “gross indecency” and Germany’s notorious Paragraph 175, which justified a bloody crackdown on homosexuality by the Nazis. It explores the significant steps Spain, Britain, and Germany have taken to reckon with their legacies of anti-gay discrimination.
The Place of Special Elections
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , Owen Karen L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Special elections rarely attract the attention of scholars, in contrast with journalists, who often focus on these events as predictors of what will happen in the next regular election. Special elections have never attracted more media coverage and financial support than during 2017–2018. Chapter 1 introduces the historical context, nature, and significant impact of special elections on the U.S. Congress, where at times they have provided entry to more legislators than the defeat of incumbents in regularly scheduled elections. This chapter also provides the theoretical framework for analyzing special elections and reviews the authors’ planned case studies and quantitative analyses.
The Special Election Primary in Georgia’s Sixth Congressional District
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , Owen Karen L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Georgia’s Sixth Congressional District special election seemed the potential harbinger of change to the U.S. House and a referendum on the Trump presidency. Chapter 2 examines the first stage, a jungle primary election held in April 2017, where eighteen candidates competed. Much of what took place in the first round of this special election process to select Representative Tom Price’s replacement resulted from a miscalculation by Republicans. Viable GOP candidates expected that they were competing not for one but two opportunities to advance to the runoff. Soon the contest revealed a divided electorate, coalescing support to one Democrat and splitting the remaining votes among the field of Republicans. The campaign strategies and appeals made by the five leading candidates, four Republicans and one Democrat, and the response they received by the voters are examined.
The New Franco-Italian School of Singing
Authors: Parr Sean M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The nineteenth-century web of teachers, singers, and teacher-singers suggests that coloratura can be examined from the perspective of treatises produced by vocal pedagogues. In addition to vocal instruction, the treatises provide clues as to interpretation, by recommending and describing vocal articulations and styles corresponding to melodic styles and role characterizations. This chapter examines pedagogical treatises in conjunction with musical scores and the careers of individual singers, attempting to trace ideas of coloratura articulation and florid-lyrical expression. The Paris Conservatoire endorsed certain teacher-singer lineages and sought to merge French and Italian traditions into a new school of singing led by three pedagogues: Laure Cinti-Damoreau, Gilbert-Louis Duprez, and Manuel Garcia II. The study reveals a bifurcation between singing styles that carries over from vocal pedagogy to the operatic stage. This division between agile, florid singing and declamatory, sustained singing heralded our modern, more familiar vocal categories, such as the coloratura soprano.
Carvalho, Gounod, and the Waltz
Authors: Parr Sean M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Between 1850 and 1867, Carvalho created coloratura roles in sixteen operas, including five by Gounod: Marguerite in Faust, Baucis in Philémon et Baucis, Sylvie in La Colombe, the title role in Mireille, and Juliette in Roméo et Juliette. This chapter focuses on Carvalho’s Gounod creations, examining a little-known aria that Gounod wrote for Carvalho, “Ah! Valse légère,” based on the waltz chorus, “Ainsi que la brise légère,” from Faust. The aria’s popularity spurred a vogue for the vertiginous waltz ariette and established Carvalho as a truly modern soprano who wielded authority because of her prodigious vocal virtuosity. Carvalho associated herself with this aria-type, catalyzed it as a new genre, and propagated its popularity and significance. Her use of coloratura resonates with the increasing opulence and ornament in Second Empire France and Carvalho’s contributions as a créatrice encourage us to reconsider this period of opera history.
Conclusion
Authors: Reich James D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Conclusion recapitulates the book’s main arguments, as well as the main ideas of each thinker treated. It takes a step back to explore the relationship between these thinkers’ ideas and the broader inter-religious climate of Kashmir in these centuries, and then draws out some of the major implications that these ideas may hold for how we understand these thinkers and the intellectual culture of Kashmir in this period. The Conclusion also returns to the theoretical issues raised in the Introduction, discussing the role that the theory of “religion-as-vortex” might play in future research on South Asian religion—and literature more broadly—and suggesting some possible avenues for future work.
Causality and Filling the Ignorance Gap
Authors: Gorman Sara E. , Gorman Jack M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter evaluates uncertainty and why people feel the need to fill the ignorance gap. The tendency to want to know why things are as they are and figuring out what caused what often leads people to incorrect or even dangerous scientific conclusions. The chapter argues that it is highly adaptive to know how to attribute causality but that people are often too quick to do so. This is another instance in which adaptive, evolutionary qualities have done people a disservice in the face of complex debates and rational thinking. In particular, people have a difficult time sitting with uncertainty and an especially hard time accepting coincidence. The chapter then considers the evidence from decades of psychological research showing people’s misunderstanding of cause and effect and the elaborate coping mechanisms they have developed as a result. It also suggests some ways to help people better comprehend true causality, without diminishing their ability to attribute cause when it is in fact appropriate.
The Chiefs Now in This City
Authors: Calloway Colin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In contrast to many popular and some academic histories that portray Indians retreating as cities grow in North America, this book recovers the forgotten stories of the many Indian people who traveled, primarily on diplomatic business, to the cities of colonial America and the early Republic—what they did there, how they were viewed, and what they made of it all. Violent resistance was just one of many responses to colonialism; in this book, Indian people who visit colonial cities for negotiations also go out on the town. They see the sights, sit down to dinner, attend church, go to the theater, and offer critiques of urban life. The are also “onstage” themselves, and conscious of the roles they perform as they pursue their own agendas and represent tribal interests in centers of colonial power.
The Towns and Cities of Early America
Authors: Calloway Colin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The chapter counters the idea that cities in North America were a European invention or import by briefly surveying pre-Columbian cities and key Native American towns after contact, when many Indigenous communities still matched some colonial towns in size and significance. It notes that Indians played important roles in the development of early American cities, which depended on trade networks reaching into the interior as well as across the Atlantic. The chapter also describes the key cities visited by Indian delegates in the book to convey an impression of their size, character, and changes and to provide backdrop for the Indians’ experiences there.
Lodging, Dining, and Drinking
Authors: Calloway Colin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Indian delegations often included many people and frequently stayed in town for a long time. During their stay, they had to be housed and provisioned, usually at government expense. This chapter examines how lodging was provided for groups of Indian people but also shows that individual delegates often stayed in hotels or in private homes. Likewise, while colonial authorities fed large numbers of Indian people, at considerable expense, government officials and private citizens not infrequently invited prominent delegates to formal dinners, where they were wined and dined. The prevalence of alcohol was a problem for Indian people in the cities, as it was in their home communities.
Bahia as an Epicenter of African Diasporic Culture
Authors: Díaz Juan Diego 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 provides a background on Afro-Bahian history, religion, politics, and musical activism focusing on two questions: How did Bahia emerge as an epicenter of African diasporic culture in Brazil and the black Atlantic? And what are the implications of this image for the study of tropes of Africanness? The discussion touches upon the specific practices and realms from which perceived Africanness emanates, including carnival percussion ensembles linked to black consciousness and, especially, the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé religion, which agglutinates Brazil’s most evocative African symbols, images, and sounds. Additionally, racial relations and the complicated relationship between African-based identities and national consciousness are discussed.
Orkestra Rumpilezz
Authors: Díaz Juan Diego 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 continues the discussion of Orkestra Rumpilezz, focusing on how it materializes Letieres Leite’s rhetoric about African rhythmic complexity. Two strategies for increasing rhythmic complexity are discussed: the transfer of drum patterns from Candomblé to the big band to form polyphonic textures; and the transformation of traditional timelines (clave-like patterns) borrowed from Candomblé and carnival music, including rotation (shifting the timeline’s reference point), truncation, and superimposing two versions of the same timeline, a phenomenon that is labeled staggered timeline alignment. The chapter theorizes unique cases of timeline usage, comparing and contrasting them with well-known studies of clave in other parts of the black Atlantic.
Father Time
Authors: Pipolo Tony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Maya Deren, once judged to be the mother of American avant-garde cinema. Three of her films—Meshes of the Afternoon, At Land, and Ritual in Transfigured Time—are studied in light of the autobiographical circumstances that motivated them. Deren’s father died shortly before she became a filmmaker; the chapter argues that the films reflect her conflicted relationship with him and her struggles to overcome them. At Land, in particular, reveals her efforts to come to terms, in the form of a quest, with her dead father. The chapter closely examines the framing, composition, and disjunctive editing of her films, and suggests, from a psychoanalytic perspective, how these formal aspects of Deren’s work can be understood to mirror her internal conflicts.
This Common Clay
Authors: Pipolo Tony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Stan Brakhage was perhaps the most original and celebrated figure in the history of American avant-garde cinema. He was also a tormented man who traced his internal conflicts and primal rage to a troubled, unhappy childhood. This chapter considers how the circumstances of his early life formed the artist’s personality, and argues that Brakhage found a way to weave even the most neurotic aspects of his character into the fabric and fugal design of his films. The latter part of the chapter focuses on Tortured Dust, the last film he made about his first family, the objects of his art and his rage, concentrating primarily on his tense relationship with his two sons. Edited while he was also dictating an “autobiography” to his first wife Jane, the film reflects the mournful fallout of the loss of his first family.
A Dance with Death
Authors: Pipolo Tony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gregory Markopoulos was one of the key figures of American avant-garde cinema from the 1940s through the 1980s. This chapter focuses on The Mysteries, perhaps his most enigmatic film, made during what might be termed a mid-life crisis when mortality loomed and he was consumed with unanswered questions about art, life, and time. Through an intense examination of the film’s shots, often analyzed frame by frame, the author shows that a fictive scheme rules the film, and describes how its homosexual protagonist and his obsession with death inhibits his pursuit of a romantic relationship. The author argues, finally, that the film can be read convincingly as autobiographical.
Eros Interrupted
Authors: Pipolo Tony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The two films discussed in this chapter on Robert Beavers speak to two kinds of loss. The Ground is an elegiac work made in the wake of the death of Gregory Markopoulos, friend and partner of Beavers from the early 1980s until Markopoulos’ death. Sotiros is compoed of three earlier films, later combined into one film in two sections. The first section is a visual description of the Beavers/Markopoulos relationship, while the second focuses on the impact on that relationship of injuries suffered by Beavers as a result of an accident. The author argues that the melancholic tenor of these circumstances is given special weight through the filmmaker’s use of synecdoche, contrasting the head, lens, and tripod of the camera with various parts of his damaged body. In both sections of the film the significant role of Apollo as the god of light and healing is stressed.
Theorizing Feminist Health Security
Authors: Wenham Clare 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter conceptualises global health security, discussing its genesis and how it has been theorised. First, the chapter establishes that global health security has failed to consider women and the gendered impact of securitised health policy then conversely, explores how feminists have contended with other security debates, through analysing the sub-discipline of feminist security studies (FSS). FSS seeks to understand women within the security terrain but has yet to consider global health as an area of security analysis. The chapter demonstrates why it is so vital to develop a dialogue between feminist theory and global health security for meaningful development in pandemic preparedness and response activities. It also provides a springboard for the following empirical chapters which engage with a range of further feminist concepts to explore the empirical case of Zika and highlight the need to engage with feminist approaches in order to develop a more comprehensive response to health emergencies and ensure truly global health security.
The Zika Virus
Authors: Wenham Clare 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers a contextual narrative to the Zika outbreak and justifies a pertinent case study for gender analysis in global health security. It contends that Zika was constructed as a security threat at multiple levels of analysis. This framing perpetuated an exclusion and problematization of women in global health security more broadly. The chapter argues that the key policies developed—integrated vector control, vaccine development and behavioural requests around reproduction, to paraphrase, ‘clean your houses and don’t get pregnant’—were inherently gendered given the activities required are socially prescribed women’s activities. It further argues that although the outbreak revolved around women, gender was not mainstreamed into any of the policies developed, and the securitised policies failed to protect those women most at risk from the disease.