bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic Measurement of Dynamic Horizontal Instability in Acromioclavicular Joint Instability
Authors: Bockmann Benjamin , Venjakob Arne Johannes , Thrasyvoulidis Giorgos , Holschen Malte , Schulte Tobias Ludger , Nebelung Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveDynamic horizontal instability is considered to be the main reason for poor outcome after treatment for acromioclavicular (AC) joint instability. In this study, we describe a simple technique to quantify this pathology via sonography.MethodsThirty‐six shoulders from 18 patients with ac joint instabilities were examined using modified Alexander views and a standardized sonographic examination. On the Alexander views, overlap of acromion and clavicle (OLAC), glenoid center to posterior clavicle distance (GCPC), and lateral extension (LE) were measured. Afterwards, the results were analyzed and compared with sonography. Posterior translation of the clavicle and the difference of translation between healthy and injured shoulder were evaluated.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 39 ± 14 years (range 19–61 years). We included 4 (22%) Rockwood type 3, 1 (6%) Rockwood type 4, and 13 (72%) Rockwood type 5 lesions. Four (22%) patients were female and 14 (78%) male patients. Posterior clavicle translation of the injured shoulder correlated strongly between OLAC and sonography (r = −0.514, P = .029), and the difference of translation between healthy and injured shoulder correlated very strongly between LE and sonography (r = 0.737, P < .001).ConclusionThe sonographic measurement technique for horizontal instability presented in this work could help detect horizontal instabilities. While the observation of dynamic horizontal displacement is a strength of this technique, measurements are hindered in cases of high coracoclavicular distances.Level of EvidenceLevel III—retrospective cohort study.
LncRNA CCAT1 downregulation increases the radiosensitivity of non‐small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Wang Zhao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate if the radiosensitivity of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells can be regulated by long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) colon cancer associated transcript1 (CCAT1). CCAT1 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in NSCLC cells (A549, H1299, SK‐MES1, H460, and H647) and human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE). H460 and A549 cells were then selected for the determination of CCAT1 expression after exposure to radiation (0, 2, 4, 6 Gy) at different time points (0, 6, 12, 24 h). Colony forming assay was performed to evaluate the effects of CCAT1 siRNA or pcDNA3.1‐CCAT1 vector on the radiosensitivity of H460 and A549 cells. Then, flow cytometry, western blotting and qRT‐PCR were also conducted. CCAT1 was increased in NSCLC cells when compared with 16HBE cells, which was declined in a time‐ and dosage‐dependent manner after exposure to radiation. The H460 and A549 cell colonies were decreased and the γ‐H2AX expression was elevated with the increase of radiation dosage, which was more obvious in those transfected with CCAT1 siRNA. CCAT1 downregulation arrested NSCLC cells at G2/M phase. Moreover, the enhanced apoptosis of radiotherapy‐treated NSCLC cells with reductions of p‐p38/p38, p‐ERK/ERK, and p‐JNK/JNK was promoted by siCCAT1, but it was reversed by pcDNA3.1‐CCAT1 vector. Inhibiting CCAT1 regulated cell cycle, DNA damage and apoptosis of NSCLC cells, and affected MAPK pathway, eventually improving the radiosensitivity of NSCLC.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vestibular impairment among older adults with dizziness
Authors: Lindell Ellen , Karlsson Therese , Kollén Lena , Johansson Mia , Finizia Caterina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis article aimed to investigate older adults visiting a geriatric institution for a bone density measurement who reported dizziness on a daily or weekly basis (but who are not seeking care for dizziness), according to BPPV, vestibular function, walking abilities, and frequency of falls.MethodsPatients coming for a bone density measurement answered questions regarding occurrence of dizziness. Patients having dizziness on a daily or weekly basis were considered eligible for the study and invited for investigation at the Ear, Nose, and Throat clinic at Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Sweden. The patients answered questions about history of dizziness, medications, and comorbidities. They were also investigated for BPPV, vestibular deficits using the video head impulse test (vHIT), walking speed, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and for perception of verticality and horizontality and Romberg test.ResultsA total of 55 patients with dizziness were included. Fifteen (27%) were diagnosed with BPPV. Forty (73%) patients reported falling during the previous year, including 11 with BPPV. Dizziness when turning in bed was more common among patients with BPPV and increased the risk of BPPV 8‐fold.ConclusionBPPV is common among older adults with dizziness, including among those not seeking medical care. It is important to identify older adults with BPPV and treat the condition since BPPV may contribute to falls. Asking about dizziness when turning in bed can help to distinguish patients with increased risk for BPPV and older adults with dizziness should be investigated for BPPV even when typical history is lacking.Level of evidence: 4
Design of Suspended Melt Electrowritten Fiber Arrays for Schwann Cell Migration and Neurite Outgrowth
Authors: Hrynevich Andrei , Achenbach Pascal , Jungst Tomasz , Brook Gary A. , Dalton Paul D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, well‐defined, 3D arrays of air‐suspended melt electrowritten fibers are made from medical grade poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL). Low processing temperatures, lower voltages, lower ambient temperature, increased collector distance, and high collector speeds all aid to direct‐write suspended fibers that can span gaps of several millimeters between support structures. Such processing parameters are quantitatively determined using a “wedge‐design” melt electrowritten test frame to identify the conditions that increase the suspension probability of long‐distance fibers. All the measured parameters impact the probability that a fiber is suspended over multimillimeter distances. The height of the suspended fibers can be controlled by a concurrently fabricated fiber wall and the 3D suspended PCL fiber arrays investigated with early post‐natal mouse dorsal root ganglion explants. The resulting Schwann cell and neurite outgrowth extends substantial distances by 21 d, following the orientation of the suspended fibers and the supporting walls, often generating circular whorls of high density Schwann cells between the suspended fibers. This research provides a design perspective and the fundamental parametric basis for suspending individual melt electrowritten fibers into a form that facilitates cell culture.
Robust Electrospun Nanofibers from Chemosynthetic Poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate) as Artificial Dural Substitute
Authors: Ma Huihui , Sun Yilin , Tang Ying , Shen Yong , Kan Ze , Li Qing , Fang Sha , Lu Yingxi , Zhou Xianfeng , Li Zhibo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBioresorbable poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB) may fulfill the specific requirements that are necessary for a dural substitute, including its high elasticity, long‐term strength retention properties, and the biocompatibility without significant accumulation of acidic degradation products. However, commercial P4HB can only be produced by the bacterial fermentation, which limits its applications in the cerebrospinal system due to higher endotoxin restriction. Meanwhile, P4HB can be prepared via the ring‐opening polymerization of γ‐butyrolactone. In this contribution, high molecular weight P4HB from chemosynthesis is electrospun into fibrous membrane, showing good mechanical properties that match the natural dura mater. Such P4HB membrane induces fast cellular migration, adhesion, and proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro. Subcutaneous implantation in rats demonstrates excellent biocompatibility of the P4HB membrane with proper biodegradation behaviors. After implantation in the rabbit dural defect model as an onlay graft, the P4HB membranes prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage and regenerate dura tissue without detecting any local or systematic infections or foreign body responses. Thus, the electrospun P4HB membranes may be particularly useful as artificial dural substitutes to induce wound closure and tissue regeneration, which will be of great benefit to neurosurgery in the future.
Molecular‐Level Interactions of Nanodisc‐Forming Copolymers Dissected by EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Eisermann Jana , Hoffmann Matthias , Schöffmann Florian A. , Das Manabendra , Vargas Carolyn , Keller Sandro , Hinderberger Dariush 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on analyzing the noncovalent interaction patterns between three lipid‐nanodisc‐forming polymers and nitroxide radicals which are used as small organic tracer molecules. Besides the negatively charged polymers diisobutylene/maleic acid (DIBMA) and styrene/maleic acid (SMA) (2:1), the solvation behavior of a newly synthesized zwitterionic styrene/maleic amide sulfobetaine copolymer named SMA‐sulfobetaine (SB) is characterized. The applied spin probes vary in their respective chemical structure, allowing the report of different local micropolarities and nanoscopic regions by recording temperature‐dependent continuous‐wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectra. In combination with light scattering experiments, a nanoscopic interpretation of the dominant polymer/guest molecule interaction patterns is provided. The results indicate that in SMA and DIBMA, ionic interactions dominate the interaction patterns with other molecules. In SMA‐SB, the zwitterionic side chains mainly induce a dynamic assembly with guest molecules due to weaker noncovalent interactions. Depending on the applied spin probe, temperature‐dependent CW EPR measurements reveal nanoscopic cloud points depending on the interaction patterns with SMA‐SB which can occur more than 20 °C below its macroscopically observed upper critical solution temperature. Finally, the detailed dissection of interaction patterns may provide a better understanding that may even allow tuning the polymers’ properties for use in lipid nanodisc formation.
Directed Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Their Native Solid‐State Template of a Processed Fiber Cell Wall
Authors: Solala Iina , Driemeier Carlos , Mautner Andreas , Penttilä Paavo A. , Seitsonen Jani , Leppänen Miika , Mihhels Karl , Kontturi Eero 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNanoparticle assembly is intensely surveyed because of the numerous applications within fields such as catalysis, batteries, and biomedicine. Here, directed assembly of rod‐like, biologically derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) within the template of a processed cotton fiber cell wall, that is, the native origin of CNCs, is reported. It is a system where the assembly takes place in solid state simultaneously with the top‐down formation of the CNCs via hydrolysis with HCl vapor. Upon hydrolysis, cellulose microfibrils in the fiber break down to CNCs that then pack together, resulting in reduced pore size distribution of the original fiber. The denser packing is demonstrated by N2 adsorption, water uptake, thermoporometry, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and hypothetically assigned to attractive van der Waals interactions between the CNCs.
Clinical value for the detection of fetal chromosomal deletions/duplications by noninvasive prenatal testing in clinical practice
Authors: Gou Lingshan , Suo Feng , Wang Yi , Wang Na , Wu Qin , Hu Shunan , Wang Peng , Gu Lize , Zhang Man , Wang Chuanxia , Zhang Yan , Yin Xin , Zhang Peng , Xu Jian , Wang Xingqi , Gu Maosheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study was to report the experiences on the clinical value of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for the screening of fetal chromosomal deletions/duplications.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 20,439 pregnancies undergoing NIPT from March 2017 to September 2020 at a single center. Patients with positive NIPT results for fetal chromosomal deletions or duplications had options of invasive diagnostic testing or no further testing. The data were complied from all cases with positive NIPT results for chromosomal deletions/duplications. The positive predictive value (PPV) was calculated from tabulated data.ResultsIn this cohort, positive NIPT results for fetal chromosomal deletions/duplications were found in 60 pregnant women. Of the positive samples, further invasive testing was performed in 39 cases, in which 9 cases were found to be true positive. The overall PPV for chromosomal deletions/duplications was 23.1%. In addition, fetal structural anomaly was found by ultrasound examination in three cases, in which the chromosomal deletions/duplications of three cases were not verified. Moreover, an unexpected pathogenic 8p23.3 deletion was identified by invasive testing in 1 fetus with a false positive NIPT screen for 3q27.3q29 duplication.ConclusionsIn summary, positive NIPT results of chromosomal deletions/duplications were not uncommon in clinical practice, whereas the PPV for the testing was low. Hence, potential risks and high percentage of false positives for these abnormal NIPT results might be informed to pregnant women before the choice made of invasive testing.
Confirming the contribution and genetic spectrum of de novo mutation in infantile spasms: Evidence from a Chinese cohort
Authors: Liu Liying , Liu Fang , Wang Qiuhong , Xie Hua , Li Zhengchang , Lu Qian , Wang Yangyang , Zhang Mengna , Zhang Yu , Picker Jonathan , Cui Xiaodai , Zou Liping , Chen Xiaoli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe determined the yield, genetic spectrum, and actual origin of de novo mutations (DNMs) for infantile spasms (ISs) in a Chinese cohort. The efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) for STXBP1‐related ISs was explored also.MethodsTargeted sequencing of 153 epilepsy‐related candidate genes was applied to 289 Chinese patients with undiagnosed ISs. Trio‐based amplicon deep sequencing was used for all DNMs to distinguish somatic/mosaic mutations from germline ones.ResultsTotal of 26 DNMs were identified from 289 recruited Chinese patients with undiagnosed ISs. Among them, 24 DNMs were interpreted as pathogenic mutations based on American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, contributing to 8.3% (24/289) of diagnosis yield in the Chinese IS cohort. CDKL5 and STXBP1 are the top genes with recurrent DNMs, accounting for 3.1% (9/289) of yield. Further deep resequencing for the trio members showed that 22.7% (5/22) of DNMs are actually somatic in the proband or a parent. These somatic carriers presented milder seizure attacks than those with true germline DNMs. After treatment with LEV for half a year, three patients with DNM in STXBP1 showed improved clinical symptoms, including seizure‐free and normal electroencephalogram, except for a patient with a second DNM in DIAPH3.SignificanceOur study confirmed the contribution and genetic spectrum of DNMs in Chinese IS patients. Somatic mutation account for a quarter of DNMs in IS cases. Treatment with LEV improved the prognosis of STXBP1‐related ISs.
Determining Discard Mortality of Monkfish in a Sea Scallop Dredge Fishery
Authors: Weissman Amelia , Knotek Ryan , Mandelman John , Rudders David , Roman Sally , Sulikowski James 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Discard mortality studies are considered a primary research priority, particularly for species and fisheries where discard rates are high. Monkfish (the commercial name for Goosefish) Lophius americanus supports the most lucrative finfish fishery in New England, and it is also the second highest bycatch species by weight in the sea scallop dredge fishery. Despite its commercial importance, no data exist with respect to monkfish discard mortality estimates for any gear type. The goals of this study were to evaluate the discard mortality process for monkfish captured in sea scallop dredge gear, estimate mortality rate, and develop best handling/management practices to mitigate the impact of monkfish bycatch in the sea scallop dredge fishery. Discard mortality was estimated during a field study conducted between June and October 2017 on board sea scallop commercial fishing vessels on Georges Bank in the Northwest Atlantic. Pop-up satellite tags were affixed to 60 monkfish to track survival from 14 to 28 d postcapture. From these monitored individuals, high predation rates were observed (n = 18 out of 26 mortalities), and the bulk of mortalities (n = 21) occurred within the first 24 h of discarding. However, in light of having no clear method for disentangling capture-related and tag-induced predation, predation was noted exclusively as one or the other to account for uncertainty and provide an upper and lower bound of mortality. This approach suggested that the discard mortality rate was between 17.9% and 54.1% for monkfish discarded by scallop dredges and that elevated air temperatures (above thermal preferences) may contribute to increased mortality. Based on these results, it appears that monkfish discard mortality is lower than previous assumptions of 100%, and potential best-practice management suggestions moving forward may include minimizing fishing in areas of high monkfish abundance or scheduling rotating time/area closures during periods when air temperature exceeds monkfish thermal tolerance of 13°C.
SAR and temperature distributions in a database of realistic human models for 7 T cardiac imaging
Authors: Steensma Bart R. , Meliadò Ettore F. , Luijten Peter , Klomp Dennis W. J. , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Raaijmakers Alexander J. E. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo investigate inter‐subject variability of B1+, SAR and temperature rise in a database of human models using a local transmit array for 7 T cardiac imaging.MethodsDixon images were acquired of 14 subjects and segmented in dielectric models with an eight‐channel local transmit array positioned around the torso for cardiac imaging. EM simulations were done to calculate SAR distributions. Based on the SAR distributions, temperature simulations were performed for exposure times of 6 min and 30 min. Peak local SAR and temperature rise levels were calculated for different RF shim settings. A statistical analysis of the resulting peak local SAR and temperature rise levels was performed to arrive at safe power limits.ResultsFor RF shim vectors with random phase and uniformly distributed power, a safe average power limit of 35.7 W was determined (first level controlled mode). When RF amplitude and phase shimming was performed on the heart, a safe average power limit of 35.0 W was found. According to Pennes' model, our numerical study suggests a very low probability of exceeding the absolute local temperature limit of 40 °C for a total exposure time of 6 min and a peak local SAR of 20 W/kg. For a 30 min exposure time at 20 W/kg, it was shown that the absolute temperature limit can be exceeded in the case where perfusion does not change with temperature.ConclusionSafe power constraints were found for 7 T cardiac imaging with an eight‐channel local transmit array, while considering the inter‐subject variability of B1+, SAR and temperature rise.
Transitional care experiences of caregivers of preterm infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Ma Ruo Han , Zhang Qing , Ni Zhi Hong , Lv Hai Tao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the transitional care experiences and nursing needs of caregivers of preterm infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with the 24 caregivers of preterm infants admitted to Children's Hospital, Soochow University. All data were collected by a trained and experienced interviewer. The caregivers' experiences were described using qualitative content analysis.ResultsSix Five themes emerged from the analysis: (a) uncertainty about the disease; (b) anxiety due to restricted visitation; (c) exhaustion from overwork; (d) emotional depression; (e) low care ability; (f) a variety of channels for help and a positive response. This study provides a basis for understanding the needs of their caregivers so that effective coping strategies can be implemented. Nurses' education and practice should focus on understanding the real experiences of the parents of preterm infants during transitional nursing.
Validation of a manual of care plans for people hospitalized with COVID‐19
Authors: González Aguña Alexandra , Fernández Batalla Marta , Díaz‐Tendero Rodríguez Javier , Sarrión Bravo Juan Antonio , Gonzalo de Diego Blanca , Santamaría García José María 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimValidate a manual of care plans for people hospitalized for coronavirus disease, COVID‐19.DesignValidation study with a mixed‐method design.MethodsDesign and validation of a care plans manual for people hospitalized by COVID‐19. Care plans used standardized languages: NANDA‐I, Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). The design included external and internal validation with quantitative and qualitative analysis. Data collection was between March and June 2020. The study methods were compliant with the Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) checklist.ResultsThe manual integrated 24 NANDA‐I diagnoses, 34 NOC and 47 NIC different criteria. It was validated by experts of Scientific‐Technical Commission, who recommended linking the diagnoses to an assessment. The internal validation validated 17 of 24 diagnoses, 56 of 65 NOC and 86 of the 104 NIC. During the discussion group, 6 new diagnoses proposed were validated and the non‐validated diagnoses were linked to the baseline condition of the person.
Preparation and characterization of composites using blends of divinylbenzene‐based hyperbranched and linear functionalized polymers
Authors: Kabir Sumaya F. , Adlington Kevin , Parsons Andrew J. , Irvine Derek J. , Ahmed Ifty 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, hyperbranched polymers were explored as matrix modifiers to create E‐glass fiber (GF) reinforced polymer composites with enhanced mechanical properties. Hyperbranched polymers have lower viscosities than their linear equivalents, potentially providing enhanced fiber wet out leading to improved stress transfer. Hyperbranched (HB), hydrogenated hyperbranched (H‐HB), and linear functional (LF) divinyl benzene were blended with linear polystyrene (LP) to form a range of composite matrix formulations. Blends of the HB and LP polymers were used since the neat hyperbranched polymers alone proved to be highly brittle when formed into a film. A neat LP‐GF composite was also prepared as control. Of the three matrix modifiers considered, only the H‐HB provided an improvement in mechanical properties in comparison to LP‐GF. With the addition of 10 and 20 wt% H‐HB, respectively, the flexural modulus increased by 25% (p < 0.05) and 36% (p < 0.05) and flexural strength increased by 15% (p < 0.05) and 31% (p < 0.005). The enhanced mechanical properties were attributed to better fiber wetting along with crystallization observed with the addition of 20 wt% H‐HB. The non‐reactive ethyl (CH2CH3) chain end group of the macromolecular H‐HB resulted in a plasticizing effect, which in turn improved its wettability. The LP:HB polymer blends, on the other hand, underwent crosslinking due to the presence of the vinyl (CHCH2) chain ends leading to poor wettability in comparison to the LP:H‐HB and LP:LF blended films and hence lower mechanical properties.