bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building an RNA-based Toggle Switch using Inhibitory RNA Aptamers
Authors: Climent-Catala Alicia , Ouldridge Thomas E. , Stan Guy-Bart V. , Bae Wooli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSynthetic RNA systems offer unique advantages such as faster response, increased specificity, and programmability compared to conventional protein-based networks. Here, we demonstrate an in-vitro RNA-based toggle switch using RNA aptamers capable of inhibiting the transcriptional activity of T7 or SP6 RNA polymerases. The activities of both polymerases are monitored simultaneously by using Broccoli and Malachite green light-up aptamer systems. In our toggle switch, a T7 promoter drives the expression of SP6 inhibitory aptamers, and an SP6 promoter expresses T7 inhibitory aptamers. We show that the two distinct states originating from the mutual inhibition of aptamers can be toggled by adding DNA sequences to sequester the RNA inhibitory aptamers. Finally, we assessed our RNA-based toggle switch in cell-like conditions by introducing controlled degradation of RNAs using a mix of RNases. Our results demonstrate that the RNA-based toggle switch could be used as a control element for nucleic acid networks in synthetic biology applications.Graphical TOC Entry
Influence of role models on the entrepreneurial skills of science and technology undergraduates
Authors: Rajchamaha Kittichai , Prapojanasomboon Jatupat 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study examines the perspectives of undergraduate science and technology students in Thailand regarding the influence of various role models on their entrepreneurial skills.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed the single case study research method. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. The sample consisted of 142 key informants, whose responses were analysed using a direct content analysis method.FindingsFrom the students' perspectives, entrepreneurial role models indirectly influenced their entrepreneurial skills.Practical implicationsThe findings have clear implications for educators and policymakers. Educational institutions should design and implement educational strategies that help connect informal learning gained from the family with formal training at higher education institutions. On-the-job or apprenticeship training should also be included as a component of course content.Originality/valueOur findings regarding the influence of role models differ from those of previous studies in relation to two of the four role models considered here. First, according to the students, their family environment has no direct impact on their entrepreneurial skills. In addition, science- and technology-based educational environments should adopt an entrepreneurial orientation to help students understand various market and business pressures, which will enable them to make a positive contribution to the workplace.
Sales capability creation during new product development – early involvement of sales
Authors: Annunen Petteri , Mustonen Erno , Harkonen Janne , Haapasalo Harri 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This study aims to focus on creating sales capability as part of new product development (NPD). The aim is to define generic requirements for building sales capability as a part of NPD and to propose a necessary process by defining key activities for sales readiness.

Design/methodology/approach
An inductive and qualitative research method was used to construct a sales capability creation process based on a current state analysis in seven companies.

Findings
The results indicate that the status of companies’ sales-related planning varies during the NPD, and the related activities are not systematically managed. Considering sales early is necessary to enable a smooth and cost-efficient start of sales, and to avoid unnecessary delays and problems in other functions. At the same time, the companies recognise the need for improvement.

Originality/value
This paper presents a potential process including systematic activities for creating sales capability in conjunction with product development, which is novel to the literature. The proposed process is applicable in aligning industrial company needs.
How can environment get better? A research review of pollution governance
Authors: He Yuqing , Liu Xintian , Wang Xiaoqing 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study aims to build a global environmental quality protection convention to jointly address the problems of environmental pollution governance worldwide.Design/methodology/approachFrom the perspective of environmental pollution of the air, ocean, forest, water and solid waste, the authors summarize the main important measures and mechanisms of environmental pollution governance in various countries.FindingsThe results indicate that management research on biodiversity and natural resources must be strengthened, the relationship between economic development and environmental quality management needs to be balanced, the comparative study of domestic and international environmental governance theories and practices should be strengthened, empirical and applied research on environmental governance needs to be focused on, and complete system research on environmental governance and management should be explored. In the future, further strengthening environmental awareness, addressing environmental pollution and managing environmental quality are necessary.Originality/valueThe environment is the foundation of human survival and development. With the development of economy, contradictions between human and natural environment (e.g. air, ocean, forest and water) have become prominent. Environmental pollution governance cannot only help address existing environmental problems but also solve economic problems of various countries. The prerequisite for sustainable development is to lay a solid foundation for the coordinated development of economic growth and pollution management.
Ambivalent complicities and knowledge production: Researching migrant women farmers' reproductive health experiences in the middle belt of Ghana
Authors: Baada Jemima Nomunume , Polzer Jessica 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing a critical reflexive process (An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology, 1992; Theory, Culture & Society, 13, 1996, 17), this article identifies and examines issues of power, complicity and knowledge production as they emerged in the first author's master's research on migrant women farmers' economic and reproductive health experiences in the middle belt of Ghana. We examine the ambivalent positionality of the international graduate student researcher as “other of the other” (Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30, 2005, 2017, p. 2025), and how diverse fields of power, including the researcher's educational institution and cultural norms regarding gender relations, mediated interactions among various actors in the research process. Specifically, we examine how the student researcher was complicit in reinforcing patriarchal standards, perpetuating western saviourism and committing symbolic violence. Situating these reflexive findings in relation to insights from feminist postcolonial theories, we highlight how power relations, gender and social class informed these ambivalent complicities. Rather than erase/silence these tensions in the research process, we argue that such ambivalences may be an inevitable dimension of transnational knowledge creation, and thus, it is imperative that researchers consider how their ambivalent positionalities and complicities may be navigated and leveraged most productively and with the least harm to research participants.
Student perspectives of various learning approaches used in an undergraduate food science and technology subject
Authors: Choo Wee Sim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA broad range of approaches to learning such as traditional lectures, laboratory learning, online learning, and active learning are used in higher education settings. Specifically, in the field of science and technology, laboratory learning is crucial and a form of active learning. The objective of this study was to examine the use of these four different learning approaches in a third‐year, undergraduate Food Science and Technology subject to facilitate learning, where previously only traditional lectures and laboratory learning had been used. Two new learning approaches, online learning and active learning in class, were incorporated, replacing two‐thirds of the traditional lectures. Student perspectives and preference to these four learning approaches were recorded using an online survey. Hands‐on laboratory classes were selected by the majority of students as the most effective way they learned, and also their most preferred learning approach. Majority of the students also found that the use of an educational technology, a polling tool contributed to their active learning in class. Finally, the intended learning outcome of an activity should be carefully considered when applying a learning approach to facilitate learning.
Characterization of glyphosate‐resistant Burkholderia anthina and Burkholderia cenocepacia isolates from a commercial Roundup® solution
Authors: Hertel Robert , Schöne Kerstin , Mittelstädt Carolin , Meißner Janek , Zschoche Nick , Collignon Madeline , Kohler Christian , Friedrich Ines , Schneider Dominik , Hoppert Michael , Kuhn Ramona , Schwedt Inge , Scholz Patricia , Poehlein Anja , Martienssen Marion , Ischebeck Till , Daniel Rolf , Commichau Fabian M. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryRoundup® is the brand name for herbicide solutions containing glyphosate, which specifically inhibits the 5‐enolpyruvyl‐shikimate‐3‐phosphate (EPSP) synthase of the shikimate pathway. The inhibition of the EPSP synthase causes plant death because EPSP is required for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Glyphosate also inhibits the growth of archaea, bacteria, Apicomplexa, algae and fungi possessing an EPSP synthase. Here, we have characterized two glyphosate‐resistant bacteria from a Roundup solution. Taxonomic classification revealed that the isolates 1CH1 and 2CH1 are Burkholderia anthina and Burkholderia cenocepacia strains respectively. Both isolates cannot utilize glyphosate as a source of phosphorus and synthesize glyphosate‐sensitive EPSP synthase variants. Burkholderia. anthina 1CH1 and B. cenocepacia 2CH1 tolerate high levels of glyphosate because the herbicide is not taken up by the bacteria. Previously, it has been observed that the exposure of soil bacteria to herbicides like glyphosate promotes the development of antibiotic resistances. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that the only the B. cenocepacia 2CH1 isolate showed increased resistance to a variety of antibiotics. Thus, the adaptation of B. anthina 1CH1 and B. cenocepacia 2CH1 to glyphosate did not generally increase the antibiotic resistance of both bacteria. However, our study confirms the genomic adaptability of bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia.
Youth use of e‐liquid flavours—a systematic review exploring patterns of use of e‐liquid flavours and associations with continued vaping, tobacco smoking uptake or cessation
Authors: Notley Caitlin , Gentry Sarah , Cox Sharon , Dockrell Martin , Havill Michelle , Attwood Angela S. , Smith Matthew , Munafò Marcus R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThere is concern that young people may be attracted to e‐liquid flavours, prompting long‐term vaping in naive users and potentially subsequent tobacco smoking. We aimed to review the use of e‐liquid flavours by young people and describe associations with uptake or cessation of both regular vaping and tobacco smoking, adverse effects and subjective experiences.DesignSystematic review, including interventional, observational and qualitative studies reporting on the use of e‐cigarette flavours by young people (aged < 18 years).SettingStudies published in English language from any country or cultural setting.ParticipantsYoung people and their carers (aged < 18 years).MeasurementsA meta‐analysis was not possible due to substantial heterogeneity, inconsistency in reporting of flavour categorizations and non‐interventional study designs; thus, we narratively report findings.FindingsIn total, 58 studies were included. The quality of the evidence was extremely low. Most (n = 39) studies were cross‐sectional survey designs. In total, 11 longitudinal cohort studies assessed trajectories; eight qualitative studies reported on user experiences. Studies reported views and experiences of a total of 512 874 young people. Both cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies suggested that flavours are important for initiation and continuation of vaping. Qualitative evidence shows interest and enjoyment in flavours. There was judged to be insufficient evidence that use of e‐liquid flavours specifically is associated with uptake of smoking. No studies found clear associations between flavours and cessation in this population. We found no included reports of adverse effects of flavours.ConclusionsFlavours may be an important motivator for e‐cigarette uptake, but the role of flavours in tobacco smoking uptake or cessation is unclear. The quality of the evidence on use of e‐cigarette flavours by young people is low overall.
Automated detections reveal the social information in the changing infant view
Authors: Long Bria L. , Sanchez Alessandro , Kraus Allison M. , Agrawal Ketan , Frank Michael C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow do postural developments affect infants’ access to social information? We recorded egocentric and third‐person video while infants and their caregivers (N = 36, 8‐ to 16‐month‐olds, N = 19 females) participated in naturalistic play sessions. We then validated the use of a neural network pose detection model to detect faces and hands in the infant view. We used this automated method to analyze our data and a prior egocentric video dataset (N = 17, 12‐month‐olds). Infants’ average posture and orientation with respect to their caregiver changed dramatically across this age range; both posture and orientation modulated access to social information. Together, these results confirm that infant’s ability to move and act on the world plays a significant role in shaping the social information in their view.
Impact of UNOS allocation policy changes on utilization and outcomes of patients bridged to heart transplant with intra‐aortic balloon pump
Authors: O'Connell Gillian , Wang Amy S. , Kurlansky Paul , Ning Yuming , Farr Maryjane A. , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir , Naka Yoshifumi , Takeda Koji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveIntra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) support may improve the hemodynamic profiles of patients in cardiogenic shock and bridge patients to heart transplant. In 2018, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) introduced new heart allocation criteria that increased the waitlist status of patients with IABPs to Status 2. This study assesses the impact of this change on IABP use and outcomes of patients with IABPs.MethodsWe queried the UNOS database for first adult heart transplant candidates with IABPs listed or transplanted before and after the UNOS policy changes (October 18, 2016–October 17, 2018, or October 18, 2018–September 4, 2020). We compared post‐transplant survival and waitlist outcomes using Kaplan‐Meier and Fine‐Gray analyses.ResultsTwo thousand three hundred fifty‐eight patients met inclusion criteria. Utilization of IABPs for hemodynamic support increased by 338% in the two years after the policy change. Patients with IABPs listed after the policy change were more likely to receive a transplant and were transplanted more quickly (p < .001). Posttransplant survival was comparable before and after the policy change (p = .056), but non‐transplanted patients were more likely to be delisted post‐policy change (p < .001).ConclusionThe UNOS allocation criteria have benefited patients bridged with an IABP, given the higher transplant rate and shorter time to transplant.
To blind or not to blind first in human and exploratory clinical trials: Acceleration of development vs. risk of bias
Authors: Haertter Sebastian , Kanodia Jitendar , Cook Jack , Alicea Jeanette , Brennan Bonnie J. , Desai Amit , Patel Bela , Pan Lin , Goteti Kosalaram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn IQ consortium working group (WG) conducted a survey across multiple biopharmaceutical companies to gain information about the level of blinding commonly utilized for early clinical development trials. The main objectives were: (1) to understand blinding practices between healthy volunteer (HV) and early explorative patient trials in all therapeutic areas except oncology where early clinical trials are commonly open‐label; (2) to understand the rationale for blinding/unblinding practices; (3) to understand the groups and personnel involved in unblinding; and (4) strategic considerations around blinding/unblinding options in early clinical development trials—risk of bias vs. potential for acceleration. A survey containing 31 main questions with additional sub‐clarifying questions was conducted. Sixteen large and mid‐size pharmaceutical companies responded. Responses were aligned across functions within each participating company. Additional information was gathered at an American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) webinar with polling options to roughly 550 registered attendees to evaluate the reason for the unblinding decisions. The results revealed divergence across companies in the blinding approaches most commonly applied but with some study types, there were clearly favored options. Based on these results, the WG developed strategic considerations for first‐in‐human HV trials and nonpivotal explorative trials in patients. This paper should facilitate discussions among various clinical development functions, such as Clinical Pharmacology, Statistics, Clinical, Bioanalytics, and Regulatory Functions. Such discussions on study design and operations are warranted to allow implementation of more flexible blinding approaches to accelerate data driven decisions in drug development and allow earlier access of patients to needful medicines.
Visual lateralization in flight: Lateral preferences in parent‐offspring relative positions in geese
Authors: Zaynagutdinova Elmira , Kölzsch Andrea , Müskens Gerhard J. D. M. , Vorotkov Michael , Sinelshikova Alexandra , Giljov Andrey , Karenina Karina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVisual lateralization arises from the differential processing of information by the two brain hemispheres and can manifest itself in animal behaviour in the form of lateral preferences. Current evidence suggests that social coordination serves as a driving force for the emergence of one‐sided behavioural preferences in the populations. Collective movement is one of the most basic and ubiquitous examples of coordinated behaviour. Very little is known, however, about lateralized social interactions in such a complex and sensory demanding movement mode as flight. In the present study, we aimed at investigating lateralization in parent‐offspring interactions during migratory and nonmigratory flights in greater white‐fronted geese. Analyzing the GPS tracks of 19 goose families, we showed individual lateral preferences in the position of juvenile birds relative to a parent in nearly half of the juveniles. A population‐level preference to follow the mother on her left side was shown in juveniles during migratory flights but not in other analyses. This preference, differently from previous findings in mammals implicating a right eye bias, may be explained by the left hemisphere advantage for the functions involved in following behaviour of migrating birds, e.g., focussed attention. This highlights different drivers of lateralization in collective movement in relation to situation‐specific demands.
The magic and misdirection of public service loan forgiveness in the United States
Authors: Miller Julie B. , Rutledge Matthew S. , Yoquinto Luke , Coughlin Joseph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program has garnered more attention among student loan borrowers in the United States as a potential source of loan relief. However—at least prior to the PSLF Program Overhaul introduced in October 2021—arduous eligibility criteria, opaque communication on the part of the U.S. Department of Education and contracted loan servicers, and ongoing threats to the continuation of the program made for a skittish and frustrated group of enrollees. This article leverages a mixed methods study to explore the meaning borrowers ascribe to prospective loan forgiveness and interrogates how magical thinking contributes to enrollees' perspectives on prospective loan forgiveness. With several of these sources of meaning standing in conflict with each other and with confidence in personal prospects of loan forgiveness fairly low, we argue that magical thinking overlays the meaning of potential loan forgiveness among some borrowers.
Changes in selection policy and refugee welfare use in Canada
Authors: Kaida Lisa , Stick Max , Hou Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the introduction of the 2002Immigration and Refugee Protection Act(IRPA), Canada shifted its refugee selection criteria from adaptability to vulnerability. Little is known about the long‐term impact of this policy change on the economic self‐sufficiency of Government‐Assisted Refugees (GARs). Using data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB), we compare the long‐term receipt of social assistance (SA) incomes among three GAR cohorts: those admitted pre‐IRPA (1997–2001), during the transition period (2002–2004) and post‐IRPA (2005–2009). We find GARs admitted during the transition period and post‐IRPA have higher SA rates than their pre‐IRPA counterparts three to eight years after arrival, and the gap is explained mostly by the former's lower employment rates. After year eight, however, the gap starts to decline. This suggests while post‐IRPA GARs require a more extended financial assistance, prioritising humanitarian goals in refugee admission policies does not lead to their prolonged welfare receipt.
Effects of chlortetracycline on growth performance and intestinal functions in weaned piglets
Authors: Han Hui , Zhang Shunfen , Zhong Ruqing , Tang Chaohua , Yin Jie , Zhang Junmin , Zhang Hongfu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aim
Weaning stress can cause serious damage to piglet's health. Chlortetracycline (CTC) is widely used to ameliorate weaning stress and prevent infectious diseases in weaned piglets. However, antibiotics as growth promoters have to be limited because of increased antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effects of CTC on growth performance and intestinal functions in order to provide evidence for seeking antibiotic substitutes in weaned piglets.

Methods and results
A total of 20 weaned piglets were fed a basal diet or a diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg CTC. CTC decreased the crypt depth and increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, whilst failing to affect growth performance and serum biochemical parameters and cytokines. 16S rRNA sequencing suggested that CTC supplementation had no effect on the diversity and composition of colonic microbiota.

Conclusion
We speculated that gut microbiota is no longer sensitive to a low concentration of CTC due to the long-term use and low bioavailability of CTC in weaned piglets.