bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Time Dependent Stress Changes Globally Following Large Earthquakes (M≥7)
Authors: Sunbul Fatih 
Published: April 2021

Triggered earthquakes can cause disproportionate damages depend on their magnitudes. In fact, there is a causal link between the spatial distribution of those events and the stress changes induced by the mainshock. Co-seismic stress loading is one of the key factors in determination of triggering mechanism. However, the time lags ranging hours to years and the stress diffusion over wider areas cannot be evaluated with the co-seismic process alone. In some cases, the stress interactions for long periods and larger areas can be attributed to post-seismic viscoelastic relaxations. In this study, M≥7 earthquakes from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GMCT) catalogue are modelled as dislocations to calculate shear stress changes on following earthquake nodal planes near enough to be triggered. The catalogue scanned for all other events (4.5&lt;M&lt;7) that occurred within ±2° from the centroid rupture planes. According to Omori law, which is one of the most reliable time predictable diagram of aftershock distributions, 10-year periods were used for the stress calculations. The events that had computed within ±0.01 to ±1 MPa stress change limits, considered as potential triggered events. The global co-seismic stress calculations show that 60.6% of the triggered events occurred in regions where the shear stress increased. The global stress change by incorporation viscous flow into co-seismic stress change were also tested. In this case, an increase in the rate of triggered events in both positive (15%) and negative (9%) shear stress areas were obtained. Despite the rate of triggered events has climbed significantly in both areas, only 2% of the changes have been computed globally. These rates are highly depending on fault mechanism across the plate boundaries. Thrust faults in the catalogue, for example, influence the stress distribution over broader regions and the dimension of fault ruptures. Therefore, thrust faults in the catalogue prevails the global statistics for both co-seismic and viscoelastic stress calculations. The results also demonstrate the significant effect of viscous flow, following large earthquakes, which cannot be neglected in stress interaction analysis.
IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF AMMOPHOS PRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF VIBROGRANU¬LATION
Authors: Voloshin M. , Makhovska Y. , Makhovsky V. 
Published: April 2021

The market of mineral fertilizers is developing rapidly, which contributed to the growth of agricultural production in general and the growth of demand in the world market in particular. As a result, the supply of mineral fertilizers on the market, which is formed due to its own production and import of products, grew.
Chemical companies, taking into account the current situation, have shifted from the insolvent domestic market to the world market, as a result of which this segment has provided, along with the metallurgical industry, a significant share of foreign exchange earnings over the past decade. Mineral fertilizers are an important source of nutrient return to the soil and the basis for modern modern technologies and profitable agribusiness.
In recent years, Ukraine has seen an increase in the use of basic types of mineral fertilizers, as well as an increase in the application of complex fertilizers. Demand for fertilizers in Ukraine is formed by farms of various organizational and legal forms and sizes of land use, including large agricultural holdings, where considerable attention is paid to the intensification of agricultural production.
In the usual technological mode, the neutralization of phosphoric acid in the apparatus of the high-speed evaporator-evaporator (SAV) is carried out with liquid ammonia. Liquid ammonia in the SAV apparatus first evaporates, and then gaseous ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid. The neutralization process results in a low-concentration ammophos pulp.
It is established in the work that during the research of ammophos production in the conditions of vibrogranulation the technological process is improved due to the installation of more optimal nozzles of the BGS apparatus.
The characteristics of raw materials, finished product and auxiliary materials are analyzed; physico-chemical bases of the process. Selected technical characteristics of the main and auxiliary equipment. According to the results of the research, it is proposed to install a transport nozzle, to improve the optimal conditions of the technological process, structural elements of the main devices.
INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION WITH II CLASS SUITABILITY OF WATER ON THE SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Makarova T. 
Published: April 2021

Unsatisfactory physical condition of the soil in the village Oleksandrivka (Dniprovskyi district, Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine) necessitated a long-term research to find out the cause of this phenomenon. The type of soil of the experimental plot is established – chernozem ordinary low-humus leached on loamy forest. There are the soil section, the results of the spectral analysis of the soil, the humus content and the physicochemical properties of the soil of the research area. The article has the highlights results of chemical analysis of irrigation water from the reservoir on the Samara River. According to the results of the analysis, irrigated water belonged to the II quality class – "Limitedly suitable" in the all years of research. To establish the effect of class II water irrigation, the chemical composition of the water extract was determined. These researches showed on the anionic composition of the increase in SO4 ions relative to the option without irrigation for all years of observation. It was due to the entry of these ions into the soil along with irrigation water. Without irrigation the amount of sulfates gradually decreased. It was 2.25 meq/100 g of soil in the fifth year. There was a clear tendency to increase chlorine ions in irrigation option. The amount of chlorine increased to 1.5 times compared to the non-irrigated option. Therefore, the chemistry of the site was chloride-sulfate and sulfate.
According to the cationic composition, the largest amount was accounted for by sodium ions. The amount of Na + 1 in the irrigated option increased by 34% on average when comparing with the control option. In the absence of irrigation, the site is slowly desalinated by reducing the ratio of Na/Ca ions by an average of 8.7 units compared to irrigated options. For some years of research the soil without irrigation option was referred to the slightly saline type.
Organizational Commitment as Mediating Variable of Employee Job Satisfaction Toward Turnover Intentions
Authors: Bachri Fathul , Solekah Nihayatu Aslamatis 
Published: April 2021

The high employees turnover at PT. BRI Syariah shows low job satisfaction and organizational commitment and high desire to change jobs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on turnover intentions directly or indirectly. Quantitative methods are used in this study. The population is employees at PT. BRI Syariah of Malang Branch with 50 people. The sampling technique used was census sampling with sample size of 50 people. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and path analysis. The results of the study indicated that there is negative and significant effect of job satisfaction on turnover intentions, positive and significant effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment, negative and significant effect of organizational commitment on turnover intentions, and negative and significant effect of job satisfaction on turnover intentions indirectly through organizational commitment.
Peran Komitmen Organisasional Sebagai Mediator Pengaruh Keadilan Prosedural dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Karyawan PT Patrari Jaya Utama
Authors: Sumijan Sumijan 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of Procedural Justice and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment; to examine and analyze the effect of Procedural Justice and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior; to test and analyze the effect of Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior; to test and analyze which influence is greater between the direct influence of Procedural Justice and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior through Organizational Commitment with or indirect influence. In this study, the research sample will be the population of all employees of PT Patrari Jaya Utama, so the technique used in this study is a census of 65 employees. The analysis tool used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Path Analysis.
The results showed that there was a significant influence between Procedural Justice and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment: There was a significant influence between Procedural Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior; There is no influence between job satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior; There is a significant influence between Organizational Commitment to Organizational Citizenship Behavior.
HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI KALOR MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS E-LEARNING EDMODO
Authors: Utami Rahayu , Fadillah Fadillah , Enawaty Eny 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar dengan menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis e-learning Edmodo pada materi kalor serta untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis e-learning Edmodo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan bentuk penelitian Pre-Experimental Design dan rancangan One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memberikan pretest dan posttest berbentuk pilihan ganda terhadap 30 siswa kelas VIII yang dipilih secara intact group. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa sebesar 47.34 dan terdapat perbedaan pada hasil belajar siswa pada materi sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis e-learning Edmodo. Hasil belajar aspek sikap dan keterampilan siswa setelah menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis e-learning Edmodo termasuk kategori sangat baik dengan rata-rata nilai masing-masing sebesar 3.66 pada aspek sikap dan 3.8 pada aspek keterampilan.Kata Kunci : E-learning; Edmodo; bahan ajar; kalorABSTRACTThe aims of this research is to determine increment of learning outcomes through usage of learning E-learning Edmodo-based teaching materials at Heat materials and to determine the significance difference of the learning outcomes before and after using the e-learning Edmodo-based teaching materials. Method used by this research is Pre-Experimental design with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Data collection held by giving pretest and posttest in the form of multiple choice questions to 30 student in grade VII which are chosen by intact group. Result of data analysis shows that there is increment of learning outcomes which is 47.34 and there is significance difference of learning outcomes before and after e-learning Edmodo is used by students. Affective and Skill Learning outcomes is categorized very good after the e-learning Edmodo-based teaching materials is used with average score of 3.66 on affective learning outcomes and 3.8 on skill learning outcomes.Keywords : E-learning; Edmodo; teaching materials; heat
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN AKSARA HAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN MANDARIN TINGKAT DASAR
Authors: Ina Ina 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKAksara Han merupakan aksara yang dibentuk dari goresan atau komponen yang ditulis dengan urutan tertentu dan disusun secara simetris pada satu bidang persegi. Hal ini menyebabkan mahasiswa Indonesia yang telah terbiasa dengan huruf latin mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari aksara Han. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengetahui ketepatan strategi belajar aksara Han yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa, agar dosen dapat memberikan arahan dan bimbingan dalam pemilihan strategi belajar yang tepat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendata strategi belajar, sikap belajar dan kendala yang dihadapi saat belajar aksara Han serta upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Data penelitian diukur menggunakan skala likert 1-5 dan dianalisis secara deskriptif persentanse dengan hasil menunjukkan bahwa responden memiliki sikap positif dalam belajar, namun sebagian responden masih bergantung pada pengunaan pinyin, intensitas latihan belum maksimal dan tidak semua responden memanfaatkan karakteristik aksara Han untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dalam mengingat dan mempelajari penulisan, pelafalan dan arti aksara Han.Kata Kunci: Aksara Han, Strategi belajar, Bahasa Mandarin ABSTRACTHan characters are characters formed from strokes or components that are written in a certain order and arranged symmetrically on one square. This causes Indonesian students who are accustomed to Latin letters to experience difficulty in learning Han characters. Therefore, it is important to know the accuracy of the Han characters learning strategies used by students, so that lecturers can provide direction and guidance in choosing the right learning strategy. This research is a descriptive qualitative study using a questionnaire to record learning strategies, learning attitudes, and obstacles faced when learning Han characters and the efforts made to overcome them. The research was measured using a Likert scale of 1-5 and analyzed by the percentage descriptive with the results showing that respondents have a positive attitude in learning, but some respondents still depend on the use of pinyin, the intensity of the exercise is not maximal and not all respondents take advantage of the characteristics of the Han characters to increase the effectiveness in remembering and learning the writing, pronunciation, and meaning of Han characters.Keywords: Han character, learning strategy, Chinese
SRAS-CoV-2 ET LES ANIMAUX DOMESTIQUES
Authors: Furtado Gil Dutra , Abrantes Pinto de Brito Soraya , Ouriques de Oliveira Magnolia 
Published: April 2021

Les CoV (coronavirus) appartiennent à la des virus de l’acide ribonucléique (ARN) et sont connus sous le nom de coronavirus parce que la particule virale a une caractéristique « couronne ». Les infections au CoV sont courantes chez les humains et les animaux, dont certaines sont zoonotiques. Le CoV peut provoquer des pathologies allant du rhume à des maladies plus graves, telles que le syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (causé par le MERS-CoV) et le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (causé par le SRAS-CoV) chez l'homme. Certains travaux scientifiques montrent que le SRAS-CoV a été transmis des civettes aux humains et le MERS-CoV des dromadaires aux humains. Le CoV qui cause le COVID-19 a été nommé SARS-CoV-2 par le Comité international de taxonomie des virus (ICTV). Selon la recherche scientifique, les preuves actuelles suggèrent que le SRAS-CoV-2 a émergé d'une source animale, et les informations sur la séquence génétique révèlent que le SRAS-CoV-2 est similaire à d'autres CoV trouvés dans les populations de chauves-souris fer à cheval (Rhinolophus Ferrumequinum). Pas encore assez de preuves scientifiques pour mettre en évidence la source réelle du SRAS-CoV-2 ou pour expliquer quelle était la voie initiale de transmission de celui-ci aux humains (qui peut avoir impliqué un hôte intermédiaire). Étant donné que l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 est si largement répandue dans la population humaine, on observe qu'il est possible que certaines espèces animales soient infectées par contact avec des humains infectés. Les animaux infectés par le SRAS-CoV-2 peuvent créer des situations inattendues pour la santé animale et humaine, ainsi que pour le bien-être animal, la préservation de la faune et la recherche biomédicale. Quant aux animaux domestiques tels que les chats et les chiens, ils ont été testés positifs pour le SRAS-CoV-2 après avoir eu des contacts avec des êtres humains infectés par ce virus. Au cours des travaux d'observation réalisés avec ces animaux, les chats ont présenté des signes cliniques de la maladie tels que des problèmes respiratoires et gastro-intestinaux. Bien qu'il ait été confirmé que des animaux ont été infectés par le SRAS-CoV-2, il n'est pas confirmé, à ce jour, que ces animaux aient transmis le COVID 19 à l'homme, mais il est bien observé que la pandémie est due à la transmission de l’homme à l’homme. Comme les animaux et les humains peuvent être affectés par ce virus zoonotique, il est recommandé aux personnes suspectées ou confirmées d'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 de limiter le contact avec leurs animaux de compagnie.
PENGOPTIMALAN PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) DENGAN PEMANFAATAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM
Authors: Nurahim Lukman , Alfina Rina 
Published: April 2021

Bawang merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.) merupakan family dari Lilyceae yang berasal dari Asia Tengah, yaitu sekitar Bangladesh, India, dan Pakistan. Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditi hortikultura yang banyak dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat terutama sebagai pelengkap bumbu masakan, untuk menambah cita rasa dan kenikmatan makanan. Selain itu bawang merah juga besar manfaatnya terhadap kesehatan konsumen, seperti mampu mengontrol kadar kolesterol dalam tubuh, mencegah pertumbuhan sel kanker, mengontrol kadar diabetes dalam tubuh dan sebagai bahan aromatik dalam tubuh. Banyaknya manfaat yang dimiliki bawang merah menyebabkan kebutuhan terhadap bawang merah setiap tahunnya selalu meningkat. Petani bawang merah pada saat ini banyak yang bercocok tanam dengan menggunakan bahan anorganik dimana penggunaan bahan anorganik secara terus menerus akan merusak lingkungan. Dengan demikian, penggunaan pupuk kandang ayam dalam budidaya bawang merah merupakan alternatif teknologi yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk pengurangan pemakaian bahan anorganik dalam budidaya bawang merah serta dapat meningkatkan produksi bawang merah. Budidaya bawang merah ini dilakukan pada proyek usaha mandiri dengan tujuan yaitu, menerapkan sistem pertanian yang berwawasan lingkungan dan berkelanjutan, mengoptimalkan produksi bawang merah dalam proyek usaha mandiri, dan menganalisis kelayakan usaha budidaya bawang merah di daerah Payakumbuh dan Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota. Proyek Usaha Mandiri (PUM) ini dilaksanakan selama 4 bulan yang berlangsung dari Oktober 2015 sampai Januari 2016. Lokasi proyek adalah di kebun percobaan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh. Dari pelaksaan Proyek Usaha Mandiri (PUM) ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil yang diperoleh sebanyak 29 kg dengan harga rata-rata Rp.25.172,41 /kg, profitabilitas â€“ 39,06 % dan R/C rasio 0,61 serta kegiatan PUM mengalami kerugian. Faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi bawang merah adalah kondisi lingkungan yang kurang cocok dengan kebutuhan bawang merah. Saran untuk budidaya bawang merah ini hedaklah memilih waktu dan lokasi yang tepat untuk budidaya.
Melatonin receptor-mediated attenuation of excitotoxic cell death in cultured spinal cord slices
Authors: Haque Azizul , Shields Donald C , Das Arabinda , Varma Abhay , Reiter Russel J , Banik Narendra L 
Published: April 2021

Recent studies suggest ex vivo modeling of neuronal injury is a robust approach for the mechanistic study of neurodegeneration. Melatonin, an indolamine, is a versatile molecule with antioxidative, antiapoptotic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. While melatonin has been studied as a therapeutic agent for spinal cord injury (SCI) related neuronal cell loss, its actions in organotypic slice cultures approximating SCI effects are less well understood. The actions of melatonin were therefore examined following exposure of cultured rat spinal cord slices to glutamate excitotoxicity. Exposure to glutamate (500 μM) for 4 hours induced neuronal degeneration that was prevented by 0.5 μM melatonin (applied immediately or 4 hours following glutamate exposure). Decreased internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, Bax:Bcl-2 and calpain:calpastatin ratios, caspase 8, 9 and 3 activities in slice cultures were measured following melatonin treatment. Melatonin receptor (MTR1, MTR2) mRNA levels were increased in the melatonin treated spinal cord slices. To confirm melatonin receptor-mediated protection, slice cultures were treated with 10 or 25 μM luzindole (melatonin receptor antagonist) at 0 and 4 hours, respectively, after glutamate exposure. Luzindole significantly decreased the ability of melatonin to prevent cell death in the sliced culture model. These results suggest melatonin receptors may provide a pathway for therapeutic applications to prevent penumbral neuron loss following SCI.
Does the melatonin supplementation decrease the severity of the outcomes in COVID-19 patients? A mini review of observational data in the in vivo and in vitro studies
Authors: Gholizadeh Mohammad , Abaj Faezeh , Hasani Hossein , Mirzababaei Atieh , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: April 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic and there is no specific treatment for reducing the severity of this disease up to date. The majority of the treatments remain supportive and empirical. The aim of present study is to assess the relationship between melatonin supplementation and its effect on the severity of the outcomes in covid-19 patients. All published studies up to April 4 of 2021 were searched by using the databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS and Google Scholar. Finally, 201 studies have been acquired. After screening titles, abstracts and justifying the inclusion criteria, eight studies were finally selected in our study. Four studies were observational and case series with total 216,792 participants. Three studies performed on laboratory in the molecular level and one was carried out in mice. The results have suggested that melatonin decreases the severity of the outcomes of COVID-19 patients in their early stage or even in their critical conditions. Furthermore, the melatonin decreases pneumonia and reduces the ground glass lung damage observed in the image findings. Also, it plays an important role as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and antioxidant activities. Melatonin inhibits the main protease of sares-cov-2 virus and decreases the viral load in molecular level. Regarding the in vivo studies, melatonin is more effective for reducing acute lung injury than other treatments. Although, further clinical studies are required.
Some Aspects of The Social Security System in The Republic of North Macedonia During Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: TODOROVA Biljana , RADULOVIC Makedonka 
Published: April 2021

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic has lead North Macedonia into a serious social and economic crisis. The paper discusses the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the formulation of the national social security policy and legal framework, in line with international standards based on human rights treaties. Crucial social security measures in the country particularly give the pressure on health protection, unemployment, family and child support.
The evaluation will focus on the adopted and new policy measures for social security. An important question is does the North Macedonian social security system is well established to protect workers from social risks during a pandemic. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some workers who lost jobs might rely on unemployment compensation. So, the focus of this paper is on the challenges of the social security system from large-scale disruptions such as COVID-19.
The paper ends with a summary of the main policy measures and an outlook where further research is needed. It concludes that during and after the pandemic the social security policy will be more important than ever.