bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water absorptivity and frost resistance performance of self-ignition coal gangue autoclaved aerated concrete
Authors: Cong Xinyu , Tan Yiqiu , Lu Shuang , Wang Zhaojia , Huang Tianyong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSelf-ignition coal gangue (SCG) used as one of precursors to fabricate autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). Aiming at studying water absorptivity and frost resistance performance of SCG-based AAC (SCGAAC), three-period water absorption tests and freeze-thaw tests were carried out and the corresponding results were recorded and analyzed. In order to modify the water absorptivity of SCGAAC, foam stabilizer was applied to adjust pore structure while calcium stearate was expected to change hydrophilic feature of SCG. It was demonstrated that the compressive strength of SCGAAC containing foam stabilizer or calcium stearate declined at different levels. For water absorption, foam stabilizer failed to decrease the water content and even increased water absorption rates. Calcium stearate controlled water absorption rate successfully although the ultimate water content hardly reduced. All of the SCGAAC samples exhibited intact appearance after 50 freeze-thaw cycles and showed excellent frost resistance performance. Three models were proposed to predict water absorptivity and frost resistance performance of SCGAAC and the corresponding prediction results matched test resulted well.
Impact of Insurance on Stage of Breast Cancer Presentation for Different Races and Ethnicities
Authors: Balazy Katy E. , Benitez Cecil M. , Gutkin Paulina M. , Karl Jamie J. , Jacobson Clare E. , von Eyben Rie , Horst Kathleen C. 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE: Survival in breast cancer is largely stage-dependent. Lack of insurance and Medicaid have been associated with later-stage breast cancer, but it is unknown to what degree this association varies by race or ethnicity. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-institution cohort analysis of women undergoing breast radiotherapy from 2012 to 2017 (n = 1,019). Patients were categorized as having private insurance (n = 540), Medicare (n = 332), Medicaid (n = 122), or self-pay (n = 25). Ordinal logistic regression analysis identified variables associated with later-stage presentation, including age, race or ethnicity, insurance, the interaction between insurance and race or ethnicity, body mass index, education, and language. RESULTS: The association between insurance and breast cancer stage varied on the basis of a patient's race or ethnicity ( P = .0114). White and Asian patients with Medicaid had significantly higher odds of later-stage breast cancer than those with private insurance (White odds ratio [OR], 2.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 4.34; Asian OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.56 to 6.67). However, the inverse was true for Hispanic patients who had lower odds of later-stage disease with Medicaid than private insurance (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.90). Hispanic patients with Medicaid had lower odds than either White or Asian patients with Medicaid. These findings persisted across all ages. CONCLUSION: The association between insurance and later-stage presentation is significantly influenced by race or ethnicity. Medicaid was generally associated with later-stage breast cancer diagnosis, but this was not true across all races and ethnicities. Although White and Asian patients with Medicaid presented with later stage, Hispanic patients fared better with Medicaid than private insurance. Future work should investigate how Medicaid is successfully targeting Hispanic patients in breast cancer care.
Formation and stability of nanosized, undercooled propagating intermediate melt during β → δ phase transformation in HMX nanocrystal
Authors: Roy Arunabha M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The formation and stability of a nanosized propagating intermediate melt (IM) have been analyzed more than

below the melting temperature between the solid-solid (SS) phase boundary during

phase transformation (PT) in a HMX nanocrystal. The influence of the solid-melt barrier K
12 and two important nanoscale material parameters (ratios of SS and solid-melt SM interface energies, k

E
and width,

) on the barrierless nucleation and appearance of non-equilibrium IM has been studied. Numerical results reveal that the solution of IM can either be continuous reversible or jump-like first-order discontinuous transformation with hysteresis. Additionally, various parametric studies on the structure, energy, width, and mobility of IM have been explored to understand the mystifying PT behaviors of HMX.
Wannier-Stark ladders in free oscillations of Timoshenko-Ehrenfest beams
Authors: Rodríguez-Cruz W. , Torres-Guzmán J. C. , Díaz-de-Anda A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report on the observation of Wannier-Stark ladders in the bending vibrations of elastic beams. By introducing a gradient in the length distribution of N weakly coupled beams, the elastic equivalent of the Wannier-Stark ladder is obtained in a system governed by two coupled second-degree differential equations, instead of the common wave equation, and whose oscillations are also dispersive and, above a certain critical frequency, occur with two wavelengths. We have measured for the first time, not only the spectrum of the ladders, but the wave amplitudes in this type of system, which are not directly accessible in quantum-mechanical systems, and we have found that the wavelengths are spatially localized and in good agreement with the theoretically predicted amplitudes. Due to the combination of differential equations and the boundary conditions imposed on the system, the Wannier-Stark ladder phenomenon occurs from the third band of states onwards, unlike other classical systems.
On the question of the critical end point in the (1 − x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-xPbTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric single crystals based on acoustic emission data studies
Authors: Dul'kin Evgeniy , Kania Antoni , Roth Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
(

)PbMg

Nb

O

PbTiO3, [100]-oriented relaxor ferroelectric crystals were studied by means of dielectric and acoustic emission methods in a temperature range up to 200 °C and under a dc bias electric field up to 1.2 kV/cm. The monoclinic-tetragonal and tetragonal-cubic ferroelectric phase transitions were successfully detected by both experimental methods. The bias electric field dependence of the temperature of a dielectric constant maximum, related to tetragonal-cubic phase transitions, exhibits a V-shape effect with a threshold field of 0.5 kV/cm. In contrast, the bias electric field dependence of the temperature of a monoclinic-tetragonal phase transition exhibits no V-shape effect but points out a tricritical point at 0.7 kV/cm. These results have not confirmed the existence of the critical end point in the crystals under studies.
Frictional drag produced by motor proteins during cargo transport
Authors: Nakul Urvashi , Gopalakrishnan Manoj 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
When transporting cellular cargoes along the cytoskeletal filament track, motor proteins produce additional frictional drag. This “protein friction” determines the mean speed of a cargo for a given force and the energy dissipated per chemical cycle. Motor protein friction has been measured directly in an optical tweezer experiment, and can also be estimated from the force-velocity curve, close to stall. We present a mathematical and computational study of this phenomenon. In our model, a motor protein is elastically linked to a μm-sized cargo particle, and undergoes tightly coupled, biased random walk-like motion on the microtubule filament, the bias being contributed by nucleotide hydrolysis as well as stretching of the linker “spring”, with spring constant κ. The cytoplasm is assumed to be a Newtonian fluid, which exerts a damping force

on the cargo moving with velocity V. The effective drag coefficient

is measured in our numerical simulations, where F is the net external force on the cargo, including motor-induced force, near F = 0. The motor friction

is predicted theoretically and compared with simulation data for a range of values of κ and γ. The predicted values for small γ are found to be similar to experimental results, though smaller in magnitude. Numerical simulations also show that

is a weakly increasing function of γ, and is additive when multiple motors are involved in transportation.
Bone Marrow Adiposity in Premenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes With Observations on Peri-Trabecular Adipocytes
Authors: Andrade Vicente F C , Besen Débora , Chula Domingos C , Borba Victória Z C , Dempster David , Moreira Carolina Aguiar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractContextNo study has yet evaluated the relationships among bone marrow adiposity (BMA), bone histomorphometry (BH), and glycemic control in premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the effect of glycemic control on BMA, correlate the parameters of BH with BMA, and correlate BMA with the use of hypoglycemic agents and with bone mineral density (BMD).MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that evaluated 26 premenopausal women with T2DM who were divided into groups with HbA1c &lt; 7% (good control [GC], n = 10) and HbA1c &gt; 7% (poor control [PC], n = 16). BMA parameters (adipocyte number [Ad.N], total adipocyte perimeter [Ad.Pm], total adipocyte area [Ad.Ar], percentage adipocyte volume per marrow volume [Ad.V/Ma.V]) and peri-trabecular adipocyte number divided by bone surface (Ad.N/BS) were evaluated. BH static (bone volume fraction [BV/TV], osteoid thickness [O.Th], osteoid surface/bone surface [OS/BS]) and dynamic parameters and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 were measured. BMA data were compared between the GC and PC groups. Correlations were performed.ResultsAd.N, Ad.Pm, and Ad.Ar were higher in PC (all, P = 0.04). HbA1c correlated positively with Ad.N/BS (P &lt; 0.01) and Ad.N/BS correlated negatively with O.Th (P &lt; 0.01) and OS/BS (P = 0.02). Positive and negative correlations were observed between insulin and metformin use, respectively, with all adipocyte parameters except Ad.N/BS (P &lt; 0.05). Structural parameters were negatively correlated with the BMA. BMD of the femoral neck (r = −549, P &lt; 0.01) and total femur (r = −0.502, P &lt; 0.01) were negatively correlated with Ad.V/Ma.V.ConclusionPoor glycemic control is associated with hyperplasia and hypertrophy of BMAs and with lower BV/TV. Ad.N/BS, a new BMA parameter, is correlated with HbA1c and negatively with O.Th. The use of insulin seems to stimulate the expansion of BMA while that of metformin has the opposite effect. These findings suggest that the increase in BMA may play a role in the T2DM bone disease; on the other hand, good glycemic control might help prevent it.
Ghrelin-induced Food Intake, but not GH Secretion, Requires the Expression of the GH Receptor in the Brain of Male Mice
Authors: Wasinski Frederick , Barrile Franco , Pedroso João A B , Quaresma Paula G F , dos Santos Willian O , List Edward O , Kopchick John J , Perelló Mario , Donato Jose 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ghrelin stimulates both GH secretion and food intake. The orexigenic action of ghrelin is mainly mediated by neurons that coexpress agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). GH also stimulates food intake and, importantly, ARHAgRP/NPY neurons express GH receptor (GHR). Thus, ghrelin-induced GH secretion may contribute to the orexigenic effect of ghrelin. Here, we investigated the response to ghrelin in male mice carrying GHR ablation specifically in neurons (brain GHR knockout [KO] mice) or exclusively in ARHAgRP/NPY neurons (AgRP GHR KO mice). Although brain GHR KO mice showed normal ghrelin-induced increase in plasma GH levels, these mutants lacked the expected orexigenic response to ghrelin. Additionally, brain GHR KO mice displayed reduced hypothalamic levels of Npy and Ghsr mRNA and did not elicit ghrelin-induced c-Fos expression in the ARH. Furthermore, brain GHR KO mice exhibited a prominent reduction in AgRP fiber density in the ARH and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). In contrast, AgRP GHR KO mice showed no changes in the hypothalamic Npy and Ghsr mRNAs and conserved ghrelin-induced food intake and c-Fos expression in the ARH. AgRP GHR KO mice displayed a reduced AgRP fiber density (~16%) in the PVH, but this reduction was less than that observed in brain GHR KO mice (~61%). Our findings indicate that GHR signaling in the brain is required for the orexigenic effect of ghrelin, independently of GH action on ARHAgRP/NPY neurons.
Information, Identity, and Ideology
Authors: Grayson Mara Lee 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines the role of critical reading in a racial literacy-focused composition curriculum. The author draws on student-produced data to demonstrate how the racial literacy curriculum prepares students to explore the situatedness of language, how individual positionalities influence the construction and interpretation of text, and how sociocultural ideologies are represented and disseminated through seemingly innocuous or objective reporting. Broadly, this article offers strategies for teaching critical reading to help teachers of writing improve students’ rhetorical awareness and engage them more fully as participants in a textually mediated society.
Young Teachers’ adaptation in the Education System of the Moscow Region in Conditions of Labor Shortage
Authors: Boldysheva Natal'ya , Lubskiy Andrey 
Published: May 2021

Growth of the number of students, the increase in the teacher's workload, as well as the characteristics of the age structure of the teacher workforce indicate the seriousness of the problem of teacher shortage in the Moscow region. It is obvious that attracting and retention graduates of pedagogical universities in the regional education system is extremely important.
This article presents the results of young teachers’ adaptation process research including the issues of interaction with colleagues, students and their parents, workload and salary, as well as the respondents ' assessment of university training in terms of the use knowledge and skills in work. The sample (n= 64) included teachers who worked at schools from a few months to four and a half years.
Based on the survey results, conclusions about the possibilities of improving the mechanisms of adaptation of young teachers in the schools of the region were drawn.
Językowe wykładniki intencji prawodawcy w Kodeksie Działyńskich
Authors: Łapa Romana , Słoboda Agnieszka 
Published: May 2021

Linguistic Exponents of the Legislator’s Intention in the Działyński Code
The article presents syntactic methods of expressing the legislator’s intentions in the medieval legal document called Kodeks Działyńskich (the Działyński code). The intention is understood by the authors as ‘the goal towards which the action of the legislator is directed’. This type of element of a legislative text does not appear in modern legal texts, apart from the Code of Canon Law. However, in the oldest texts, the purpose of which was to change a functioning custom into binding law, the justification for introducing certain regulations was very important. We also pay attention to the information about the legislator, which is included in the text. The information is expressed by pluralis maiestaticus forms of performative verbs. Three types of syntactic structures serve to express the intention of the legislator: subordinate clauses introduced by the conjunction: aby, participial sentence equivalents based on the verb chcieć, and prepositional phrases with prepositions: na, ku and dla. These structures usually occur in preposition to the superior predicate. The fragments excerpted from the text are characterized by a considerable degree of cohesiveness, not only in terms of meaning but also in structure. A sentence or a participal construction in the semantic relation of the goal functions in a broader context, therefore it becomes necessary to introduce reference indicators and anaphorical elements such as repetitions, pronouns and pronominalization.
Językowy i tekstowy obraz Mazura na podstawie twórczości Stefana Rudanskiego
Authors: Ławrynow Daria 
Published: May 2021

Linguistic and Textual Image of Mazur in Poetry by Stepan Rudans’kyy
The main issue discussed in this article is the linguistic and textual image of Mazur in the poetry by Stepan Rudans’kyy. Rudans’kyy invented his own poetic form called “spivomovka”, which was inspired by Ukrainian folklore. Those humorous poems mainly focused on describing local types of Podolia ethnic groups, such as Cossacks, Ruthenians, Russians (Moskal), rabbis, Polish colonists (Mazur –[Mazovian], Lach). The creation of Mazur in poems by Rudans’kyy was largely influenced by the image of Mazur in the Ukrainian and Polish folklore. The linguistic and textual images of the character are created by Mazur’s replies, as well as descriptions of his activity. Mazur is characterized by the following features: sincerity, simplicity, naivety, superficial religiousness and cheerfulness. Through presenting the characteristics of Mazur, the author also draws our attention to the important issue of the lack of code that would be common to the interlocutors, both in terms of linguistics and culture.
Regulamin działu forum dyskusyjnego
Authors: Wabnic Kamil 
Published: May 2021

Internet Forum Rules. Structural Determinants of a Genre Pattern
The purpose of this article is to describe the genre identity and components of the structural aspect of the genre pattern of internet forum rules, taking into account the newest genological theories related to genre hybridism and genre-formation processes occurring in texts. The methodology of research uses the methods of genological analysis based on the theory of Maria Wojtak. According to this theory, the analysis of the structural aspect is one of the key elements which make it possible to define the genre identity of the text. The research material consists of twenty-two texts from the Sports Internet Forum, which perform the function of regulating and determining the principles of communication on the forum, and which are called the ‘forum rules’ by the users. In its pragmatic aspect, such rules refer to the official genre of regulations, and it may either represent its alternation or adaptation pattern, or function as an independent genre.
Nostalgia for the 30-Year ‘Century of the Common Man’
Authors: Metzgar Jack 
Published: May 2021

Jack Metzgar grew up in a steelworking family during the best 30 years in U.S. history for common people, what the French call the Glorious 30 (trente glorieuses) from 1945 to 1975. It was a time of extraordinary economic prosperity that was widely shared. Average real incomes rose faster than ever before or since, with the bottom income quintiles advancing faster and stronger than the middle or top. This unprecedented shared prosperity did not lead to complacency and mindlessconsumerism, as was feared at the time, but rather to a golden age of collective action and a string of liberatory movements beginning with the black civil rights struggle and followed by the beginnings of the women’s and gay liberation movements, among many others. The following is an excerpt from an auto-ethnography Jack is writing about his experience of working-class and professional middle-class cultures from those times to today.
Výzkum klimatu učitelského sboru: potenciál smíšené metodologie
Authors: Urbánek Petr , Picek Jan , Jursová Jitka , Rozkovcová Andrea , Picková Helena , Novotová Jitka 
Published: May 2021

Klima učitelského sboru jako vlivná složka klimatu celé školní organizace je značně složitým a také koncepčně ne zcela jednoznačně ukotveným fenoménem. V důsledku toho se problematizují i možnosti jeho výzkumu. Klima učitelského sboru je jako kolektivní fenomén zpravidla zkoumáno kvantitativními přístupy dotazování. Vzhledem k subjektivní podstatě sledovaného jevu je dotazník vhodným výzkumným nástrojem pro zjišťování klimatu. Ukazuje se však, že kvantitativně uchopené výsledky nemohou podávat dostatečně plastický obraz natolik komplikovaného jevu. Kvalitativní metodologie zase neumožňuje širší zobecnění výzkumných nálezů.
Spojení kvantitativního a kvalitativního přístupu, které je označováno jako smíšený výzkum, má při zkoumání klimatu učitelského sboru vysoké výzkumné nároky. Vhodná kombinace obou přístupů však přináší kompaktnější data, hutnější výsledky a v důsledku má i vyšší interpretační potenciál. Může tak podat spolehlivější obraz klimatu učitelského sboru i školy. Cílem textu je s oporou o zkušenosti a výsledky z rozsáhlého tříletého výzkumného projektu analyzovat možnosti smíšené metodologie při výzkumu klimatu učitelského sboru základní školy. Šetření ukázalo, že data získaná oběma výzkumnými přístupy jsou ve shodě (resp. nejsou v nesouladu), mají výrazně komplementární povahu a významně obohacují interpretační možnosti zjištěných výzkumných dat.
Kvalita výuky odborných předmětů a její výzkum s využitím didaktických kazuistik
Authors: Pecina Pavel , Marinič Peter 
Published: May 2021

Předložená empirická studie je věnována dosud málo zkoumané oblasti, a to využití didaktických kazuistik v rámci výzkumu kvality výuky odborných předmětů na středních školách. Cílem studie je vymezit specifika kvality výuky v podmínkách odborného technického vzdělávání a její zkoumání s využitím didaktických kazuistik. Dále potom prezentace hlavních zjištění didaktické kazuistiky realizované ve výuce odborného technického předmětu na střední odborné škole technické v Brně v roce 2019. Metody výzkumu: Ve výzkumu byl aplikován kvalitativní přístup s využitím případové studie – didaktické kazuistiky. Výsledky přinášejí informaci o možnosti zkoumání kvality výuky odborných předmětů s využitím didaktických kazuistik. Dále poskytují náhled do konkrétní výukové situace a jejího hodnocení. Závěry pomáhají vymezit a identifikovat zkoumání kvality výuky ve specifických podmínkách výuky odborných technických předmětů.
Power prior for borrowing the real-world data in bioequivalence test with a parallel design
Authors: Huang Lei , Su Liwen , Zheng Yuling , Chen Yuanyuan , Yan Fangrong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently, real-world study has attracted wide attention for drug development. In bioequivalence study, the reference drug often has been marketed for many years and accumulated abundant real-world data. It is therefore appealing to incorporate these data in the design to improve trial efficiency. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian method to include real-world data of the reference drug in a current bioequivalence trial, with the aim to increase the power of analysis and reduce sample size for long half-life drugs. We adopt the power prior method for incorporating real-world data and use the average bioequivalence posterior probability to evaluate the bioequivalence between the test drug and the reference drug. Simulations were conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed method in different scenarios. The simulation results show that the proposed design has higher power than the traditional design without borrowing real-world data, while controlling the type I error. Moreover, the proposed method saves sample size and reduces costs for the trial.