bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the Municipal Human Development Index and maternal education on infant mortality: an investigation in a retrospective cohort study in the extreme south of Brazil
Authors: Anele Carolina Ribeiro , Hirakata Vânia Naomi , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , Silva Clécio Homrich da 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Infant mortality is considered an important and sensitive health indicator in several countries, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. Most of the factors influencing infant mortality are interrelated and are the result of social issues. Therefore, this study performed an investigation of the influence of the MHDI and maternal education on infant mortality in a capital in the extreme south of Brazil. Methods: It is a retrospective cohort study with data on births and deaths in the first year of life for the period of 2000-2017. The association between the independent variables and the outcome was done by bivariate analysis through simple Poisson regression. The variables that can potentially be considered confounding factors were used in a multiple Poisson regression for robust variances - adjusted model. Results: The study included 317545 children, of whom 3107 died. The medium MHDI showed associated with infant death in the first year of life. Maternal education, individually and jointly analyzed with the MHDI, showed association with the outcome of infant death in the first year of life, particularly for children of mothers with lower maternal education (p<0.001). In relation to other related factors, maternal age; number of Prenatal Care Consultations; gestational age, weight, gender and Apgar Index (5th minute) of the newborn showed association with IM (p<0.001). Conclusions: The HDI is considered a good predictor of infant mortality by some authors and the analyzes of the present study also confirm an association of the medium MHDI and its low MHDIE component with infant mortality. In addition, it was maternal education with less than eight years of study that that demonstrated a higher risk of death, revealing itself to be a social determinant with a relevant impact on infant mortality. Thus, it is possible to conclude that maternal education is available information, and it is superior to the MHDI to assess the infant mortality outcome.
Deep learning-based framework for the distinction of membranous nephropathy: A new approach through hyperspectral imagery
Authors: Tu Tianqi , Wei Xueling , Yang Yue , Zhang Nianrong , Li Wei , Tu Xiaowen , Li Wenge 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Common subtypes seen in Chinese patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) include idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and hepatitis B virus-related membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN). However, the morphologic differences are not visible under the light microscope in certain renal biopsy tissues. Methods: We propose here a deep learning-based framework for processing hyperspectral images of renal biopsy tissue to define the difference between IMN and HBV-MN based on the component of their immune complex deposition. Results: The proposed framework can achieve an overall accuracy of 95.04% in classification, which also leads to better performance than support vector machine (SVM)-based algorithms. Conclusion: IMN and HBV-MN can be correctly separated via the deep learning framework using hyperspectral imagery. Our results suggest the potential of the deep learning algorithm as a new method to aid in the diagnosis of MN.
Family Presence During Resuscitation: Adaptation and Validation into Spanish of the Family Presence Risk-Benefit Scale and the Self-Confidence Scale Instrument
Authors: de Mingo-Fernández Eva , Belzunegui-Eraso Ángel , Jiménez-Herrera María 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDFamily Presence during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation has been studied both to identify the opinions of health professionals, patients, and family members, and to identify benefits and barriers, as well as to design protocols for its implementation. R.Twibell and her team designed an instrument that measured nurses’ perceptions of Risks-Benefits and Self-Confidence regarding Family Presence during Resuscitation. There are few studies in Spain on this practice. MethodsThe aim is to adapt and validate into Spanish the Family Presence Risk-Benefit scale and Family Presence Self-Confidence scale instrument. For this purpose, this instrument was translated cross-culturally, and administered in paper and online version. Statistical tests were carried out for the validity of the questionnaire. 541 healthcare professionals were invited to respond. The results were analyzed by the same statistical procedures as in the original scale. Ethical approvals and research permissions were obtained according to national standards.Results 237 healthcare professionals (43.8%) answered the survey (69% women), of whom 167 were nurses. Validation of instruments: Cronbach’s α in Family Presence Risk-Benefit scale was 0.94. Cronbach’s α in Family Presence Self-Confidence scale was 0.96. Factor Analysis Kaiser, Meyer and Olkin (KMO) was greater than 0.9. The correlation between the two measured scales, is significant and has a moderate intensity of the relationship (r = 0.65 and α <0.001). A lower predisposition to Family Presence during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is observed, but the pure detractors are only 12%. Doctors are more reluctant than nurses.ConclusionsThe psychometric properties of the questionnaire in Spanish indicate high validity and reliability. Risk-Benefit perception and Self-Confidence are related to the healthcare professionals who consider the Family Presence to be beneficial. More studies in different contexts are necessary to confirm the psychometric results and validity of this instrument in Spanish.
Association between body mass index and fragility fracture in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2009 (KNHANES IV)
Authors: Kim Jihan , Lee Sami , Kim Sung Soo , Lee Jong-Pyo , Kim Jong Sung , Jung Jin Gyu , Yoon Seok Jun , Kim Kyu Pil , Park Chan-Keol , Kim Yong-Hwan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The present study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women. Method Among subjects who participated in the 4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2009), 2114 women ≥ 40 years of age were included. BMI was based on standards set by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, as follows: <18.5 kg/m 2 , underweight; 18.5 ≤ to <25 kg/m 2 , normal weight; and ≥25 kg/m 2 , obese. Subjects were also divided into three groups according to the location of fragility fracture: spine, hip, or wrist. Results The mean (± SD) rate of fragility fracture was significantly different among the three groups: 5.9±2.9% (underweight), 1.1±0.3% (normal weight), and 3.0±0.7% (obese) (p=0.001). After correcting for age, family history, and treatment history of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, smoking and drinking status, and level of exercise, multivariable regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for fragility fracture in the underweight group was 5.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80–16.73) and 3.33 (95% CI 1.61–6.87) in the obese group. After subdividing fragility fractures into vertebral and non-vertebral, the odds ratio for vertebral fracture in the underweight group was 5.49 (95% CI 1.31–23.09) times higher than that in the normal weight group; in the obese group, the non-vertebral fracture odds ratio was 3.87 (95% CI 1.45–10.33) times higher. Analysis of non-vertebral fractures in the obese group revealed an odds ratio for fracture 22.05(95% CI 1.33–365.31) times higher for hip fracture and 3.85 (95% CI 1.35–10.93) times higher for wrist fracture. Conclusions Obesity and underweight increased the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women.
Designing and Evaluation of E-Health Educational Intervention on Students' Physical Activity: An Application of Pender's Health Promotion Model
Authors: Sabooteh Sahar , Feizi Awat , Shekarchizadeh Parivash , Shahnazi Hossein , Mostafavi Firoozeh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study was conducted to design and evaluate the software and web-based curriculum based on Pender Model in order to promote students' physical activity.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted on 225 eligible students who were randomly divided into two groups of web and software-based intervention and control using stages of change model. The sample size of the study was selected from the students using stratified sampling method. The evaluation was done with pre-test and post-test and follow-up, which were performed immediately two and six months following the intervention. The data were analyzed employing statistical software SPSS using descriptive statistics, chi-square, one way ANOVA, and repeated measures ANOVA.Results: The obtained results revealed that the level of physical activity after the intervention in the web and software groups significantly increased compared to the control group (p <0.001). Moreover, the mean score of Pender model constructs, immediately two and six months after the intervention, was significantly different in the web and software groups (p <0.001). Conclusion: Our results indicated that involving students into different stages according to the stage of change model and provide them with tailored message based on health promotion model's constructs has a positive effect on promoting physical activity of students.
Performance Analysis of Power-Splitting Relaying Protocol in SWIPT Based Cooperative NOMA Systems
Authors: Tran Quy-Huu , Phan Ca V , Vien Quoc-Tuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates a relay assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) for downlink in cellular systems. Cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) is employed along with power splitting (PS) protocol to enable both energy harvesting (EH) and information processing (IP). A downlink model consists of a base station (BS) and two users is considered, in which the near user (NU) is selected as a relay to forward the received signal from the BS to the far user (FU). Maximum ratio combining is then employed at the FU to combine both the signals received from the BS and NU. Closed form expressions of outage propability (OP), throughput, ergodic rate and energy eﬃciency (EE) are ﬁrstly derived for the SWIPT based C-NOMA considering both scenarios of with and without direct link between the BS and FU. The impacts of EH time, EH eﬃciency, power-splitting ratio, source data rate and distance between diﬀerent nodes on the performance are then investigated. The simulation results show that the C-NOMA with direct link achieves an outperformed performance over C-NOMA without direct link. Moreover, the performance of C-NOMA with direct link is also higher than that for OMA. Speciﬁcally, (i) the outage probability for C-NOMA in both direct and relaying link cases is always lower than that for OMA. (ii) the outage probability, throughput and ergodic rate vary according to β , (iii) the EE of both users can obtain in SNR range of from -10 to 5 dB and it decreases linearly as SNR increases. Numerical results are provided to verify the ﬁndings.
Gender Modifies the Effect of Body Mass Index on Lung Function Decline in Mild-to-Moderate COPD Patients: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: Chen Wenjia , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , FitzGerald J Mark , Lynd Larry , Sin Don 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Low body weight is associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is not known whether gender modifies this relationship. Methods: We pooled data of 8,686 COPD patients from 7 studies with a median length of 36-months of follow up. Using a longitudinal natural cubic spline regression model, we examined the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in patients with GOLD 1 and 2 disease, stratified by gender and adjusted for age, smoking status, and cohort effects. Results: There was an inverse linear relationship between BMI and the rate of FEV1 decline in GOLD Grades 1 and 2, which was modified by gender (p<0.001). In male patients, an increase of BMI by 1 kg/m2 reduced FEV1 decline by 1.05mL/year (95% CI: 0.96, 1.14). However, in female patients, BMI status did not have a clinically meaningful impact on FEV1 decline: an increase of baseline BMI by 1 kg/m2 reduced FEV1 decline by 0.16 ml/year (95% CI: 0.11, 0.21). These gender-modified relationships were similar between GOLD 1 and 2 patients, and between current and former smokers. Conclusion: In mild to moderate COPD, higher BMI was associated with a less rapid decline of FEV1 in male patients whereas this association was minimal in females patients. This gender-specific BMI effect was independent of COPD severity and smoking status.
The effect of inhaling mother’s breast milk odor on the behavioral responses to pain caused by hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rad Zahra Akbarian , Aziznejadroshan Parvin , Amiri Adeleh Saebi , Ahangar Hemmat Gholinia , Valizadehchari Zahra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Nowadays, it is generally assumed that non-pharmacologic pain relief in preterm infants is an important measure to consider. Research findings suggest that familiar odors have soothing effects for neonates. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of maternal breast milk odor (MBMO) with that of another mother’s breast milk odor (BMO) on the behavioral responses to pain caused by hepatitis B (HB) vaccine injection in preterm infants.Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed over the period between February 2019 and March 2020 in the neonatal intensive care unit of Babol Rouhani Hospital, Iran. Ninety preterm infants, who were supposed to receive their HB vaccine, were randomly assigned into three groups: MBMO (A), another mother’s BMO (B), and control with distilled water(C). Oxygen saturation (SaO2), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded for all participants through electronic monitoring. In addition, premature infant pain profiles (PIPP) were determined through video recording for all three groups during intervention. The chi-square, ANOVA and ANCOVA were used for analyzing the data, and P<0.05 was considered significant in this study.Results: No significant differences were found between the three groups in mean± SD of HR, BP, and Sao2 before the intervention (P>0.05). After the intervention, however, the means for heart rate in groups A, B, and C were 146±14.3, 153±17.5 and 155±17.7, respectively (P=0.012). Moreover, the means for PIPP scores in groups A, B and C were 6.6±1.3, 10 ±2, and 11.4±1.9, respectively (P<0.001). There was no significant difference found between groups in their means of SaO2, systolic and diastolic blood pressure after the intervention (P>0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that stimulation with MBMO is effective in reducing pain in preterm infants; therefore, it can be postulated that this technique can be considered in less invasive procedures such as needling.Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT20190220042771N1. Registered 18 May 2019- Retrospectively registered, https://en.irct.ir/trial/37646
High-dose versus low-dose ergocalciferol for correcting hypovitaminosis D after fragility hip fracture: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jarusriwanna Atthakorn , Phusunti Suchat , Chotiyarnwong Pojchong , Unnanuntana Aasis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypovitaminosis D can be observed in most fragility hip fracture patients. However, measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level is costly and may not be available in some centers. Without the baseline serum 25(OH)D level, the appropriate dose of vitamin D supplementation is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of vitamin D supplementation in fragility hip fracture patients compared between high- and low-dose vitamin D supplementation. Methods: A total of 140 patients diagnosed with fragility hip fracture were randomly allocated to either the high-dose (60,000 IU/week) or low-dose (20,000 IU/week) vitamin D2 supplementation group for 12 weeks. The number of patients who achieved optimal vitamin D level (serum 25(OH)D > 30 ng/mL), the proportion of patients who developed hypercalcemia, and the functional outcome were compared between groups. Results: Of the 140 patients who were enrolled, 21 patients were lost to follow-up during the study period. The remaining 119 patients (58 and 61 in the high- and low-dose group, respectively) were included in the final analysis. The high-dose group had a higher rate of serum 25(OH)D restoration to optimal level than the low-dose group (82.8% vs 52.5%, respectively; p < 0.001). Approximately 3.4% and 1.6% of patients in the high- and low-dose groups, respectively, had mild transient hypercalcemia, but none developed moderate, severe, or symptomatic hypercalcemia. There were no differences in functional outcome scores between groups.Conclusions: In treatment settings where baseline serum 25(OH)D level can’t be evaluated in older adults with fragility hip fracture, we recommend high-dose vitamin D2 of approximately 60,000 IU/week for 12 weeks, with subsequent switch to a maintenance dose. This regimen effectively restored serum vitamin D to an optimal level in 82.8% of patients without causing symptomatic hypercalcemia.
Can the physical act of sexual intercourse before frozen embryo transfer improve IVF treatment outcome? A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yuan Li Hua , Cao Xian Ling , Sun Zhen-Gao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Exposure of the female reproductive tract to either seminal plasma or fluid component of the ejaculate is beneficial to achieving successful embryo implantation and normal embryo development. But whether the "physical" component of of sexual intercourse during the peri-transfer period have any influence on FET pregnancy outcome is not clear. Methods: We conducted a randomized trial that included 223 patients undergoing IVF treatment at a University-affiliated reproductive center from 19 June to 24 September 2018. Enrolled patients undergoing IVF treatment were randomized either to engage sexual intercourse using the barrier contraception (Group A, n=116) or to abstain (Group B, n=107) one night before FET. The follow-up parameters included biochemical losses rate, clinical pregnancy, early abortion and implantation rate. Results: Patients having intercourse had higher clinical pregnancy rate (51.72% vs. 37.07%, P=0.045) and implantation rate (38.31% vs. 24.77%, P=0.005) compared to those did not engage intercourse. However, there was no significant difference of the spontaneous abortion rate between two groups (11.67% 33 vs. 14.63%, P=0.662). Conclusions: Sexual intercourse before the day of embryo transfer may improve the clinical pregnancy and implantation rates during the frozen- thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle. However, it should be noted that patients choose only one time for sexual intercourse, that is, the night before embryo transfer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This study was registered at the China Clinical Trial Registration Center, with the registration number ChiCTR1800017209.
Parasitism of Aedes albopictus by Ascogregarina taiwanensis lowers its competitive ability against Aedes triseriatus.
Authors: Stump Emma , Childs Lauren M , Walker Melody 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Mosquitoes are vectors for diseases that signiﬁcantly impact the human population such as dengue, malaria and La Crosse virus. When multiple mosquito species are present, the competition between species may alter population dynamics as well as disease spread. Two mosquito species, Aedes albopictus and Aedes triseriatus, both inhabit areas where La Crosse virus is found. Infection of Aedes albopictus by the parasite Ascogregarina taiwanensis and Aedes triseriatus by the parasite Ascogregarina barretti can decrease a mosquito’s ﬁtness, respectively. In particular, the decrease in ﬁtness of Aedes albopictus occurs through the impact of Ascogregarina taiwanensis on female fecundity, larval development rate, and larval mortality and may impact its initial competitive advantage over Aedes triseriatus during invasion.Methods: We examine the eﬀects of parasitism of gregarine parasites on Aedes albopictus and triseriatus population dynamics and competition with a focus on when Aedes albopictus is new to an area. We build a compartmental model including competition between Aedes albopictus and triseriatus while under parasitism of the gregarine parasites. Using parameters based on literature, we simulate the dynamics and analyze the equilibrium population proportion of the two species. We consider the presence of both parasites and potential dilution eﬀects.Results: We show that increased levels of parasitism in Aedes albopictus will decrease the initial competitive advantage of the species over Aedes triseriatus and increase the survivorship of Aedes triseriatus. We ﬁnd Aedes albopictus is better able to invade when there is more extreme parasitism of Aedes triseriatus. Furthermore, although the transient dynamics diﬀer, dilution of the parasite density through uptake by both species does not alter the equilibrium population sizes of either species.Conclusions: Mosquito population dynamics are aﬀected by many factors, such as abiotic factors (e.g. temperature and humidity) and competition between mosquito species. This is especially true when multiple mosquito species are vying to live in the same area. Knowledge of how population dynamics are aﬀected by gregarine parasites among competing species can inform future mosquito control eﬀorts and help prevent the spread of vector-borne disease.