bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial Toxicity in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Ghazal Lauren V. , Gormley Maurade , Merriman John D. , Santacroce Sheila J. 
Published: August 2021

Background
A cancer diagnosis as an adolescent and young adult (AYA) poses exceptional challenges, including potential greater financial toxicity than older survivors experience who have had more time for career establishment and to build financial assets. Costs to patients have increased more than the past decade; prospects for AYA long-term survival have also increased. A better understanding of what financial toxicity is, how it presents, and the immediate and longer-term implications for AYAs is needed.

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the concept financial toxicity in AYAs diagnosed with cancer.

Methods
We used Rodgers’ evolutionary method and articles published between January 2013 and December 2020.

Results
We identified key antecedents, attributes, and consequences of financial toxicity in AYAs and review its related terms that have often been used as surrogate terms. Attributes were financial burden, financial distress, and competing financial pressures. Consequences were mostly adverse and persistent and included engaging in various financial problem-solving behaviors, material hardship and poor financial well-being, and deteriorated quality of life.

Conclusions
Results of this analysis clarify financial toxicity and provide guidance for a conceptual framework in the context of AYA cancer survivorship. Its consequences in AYAs with cancer are profound and will continue to evolve over time with changes in health systems and the economy.

Implications for Practice
Oncology nurses should understand the attributes and consequences of financial toxicity for AYAs throughout the cancer trajectory. Future research on financial toxicity should extend across AYAs living with other chronic illnesses and cancer survivors in other age groups.
Variant landscape of theRYR1 genebased on whole genome sequencing of the Singaporean population
Authors: Yu Foo Claribel Tian , To Yi Hui , Irwanto Astrid , Ng Alvin Yu-Jin , Yan Benedict , Huey Chew Sophia Tsong , Liu Jianjun , Ti Lian Kah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTheRYR1gene codes for a ryanodine receptor which is a calcium release channel in the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) and several congenital myopathies including Central Core Disease (CCD), Multiminicore Disease (MMD) and Congenital Fibre-Type Disproportion (CFTD). There is currently little information on the epidemiology ofRYR1variants in Asians. Our study aims to describe theRYR1variant landscape in a Singapore cohort unselected forRYR1-associated conditions.MethodsData was retrieved from the SG10K pilot project, where whole genome sequencing was performed on volunteers unselected and undetermined forRYR1-associated conditions. Variants were classified based on pathogenicity using databases ClinVar and InterVar. Allele frequencies of pathogenic variants were compared between Chinese, Indians and Malays. Using databases ExAC, GnomAD and GenomeAsia 100k study, we further compared local allele frequencies to those in Europe, America and Asia.ResultsMajority of theRYR1variants were missense mutations. We identified four pathogenic and four likely pathogenicRYR1variants. All were related to the aforementionedRYR1-associated conditions. There were 6 carriers ofRYR1pathogenic variants amongst 4810 individuals, corresponding to an allele frequency of 0.06%. The prevalence of pathogenic variants was the highest amongst Indians (4 in 1127 individuals). Majority of pathogenic and likely pathogenic mutations were missense and located in mutational hotspots. These variants also occurred at higher frequencies in Asians than globally.ConclusionThis study describes the variant landscape of theRYR1gene in Singapore. This knowledge will facilitate local efforts in developing precision medicine.
Deep learning based behavioral profiling of rodent stroke recovery
Authors: Weber Rebecca Z , Mulders Geertje , Kaiser Julia , Tackenberg Christian , Rust Ruslan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStroke research heavily relies on rodent behavior when assessing underlying disease mechanisms and treatment efficacy. Although functional motor recovery is considered the primary targeted outcome, tests in rodents are still poorly reproducible, and often unsuitable for unraveling the complex behavior after injury. Here, we provide a comprehensive 3D gait analysis of mice after focal cerebral ischemia based on the new deep learning-based software (DeepLabCut, DLC) that only requires basic behavioral equipment. We demonstrate a high precision 3D tracking of 10 body parts (including all relevant joints and reference landmarks) in several mouse strains with an accuracy of 99.4%. Building on this rigor motion tracking, a comprehensive post-analysis (with >100 parameters) unveils biologically relevant differences in locomotor profiles after a stroke over a time course of three weeks. We further refine the widely used ladder rung test using deep learning and compare its performance to human annotators. The generated DLC-assisted tests were then benchmarked to five widely used conventional behavioral set-ups (neurological scoring, rotarod, ladder rung walk, cylinder test, and single-pellet grasping) regarding sensitivity, accuracy, time use and costs. We conclude that deep learning-based motion tracking with comprehensive post-analysis provides accurate and sensitive data to describe the complex recovery of rodents following a stroke. The experimental set-up and analysis can also benefit a range of other neurological injuries that affect locomotion.
FragGeneScanRs: better and faster gene prediction for short reads
Authors: Van der Jeugt Felix , Dawyndt Peter , Mesuere Bart 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFragGeneScanRs is a better and faster Rust implementation of the FragGeneScan gene prediction model for short and error-prone reads. Its command line interface is backward compatible and adds extra features for more flexible usage. Compared to the original C implementation, shotgun metagenomic reads are processed up to 22 times faster using a single thread, with better scaling for multithreaded execution.Availability and implementationThe Rust code of FragGeneScanRs is freely available from GitHub under the GPL-3.0 license, with instructions for installation, usage and other documentation.
Modeling the SARS-CoV-2 mutation based on geographical regions and time
Authors: Wei Bomin , Sun Yuzhe , Gong Xiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic was first detected in late-December 2019. So far, it has caused 203,815,431 confirmed cases and 4,310,623 deaths in the world. We collected sequences from 150,659 COVID-19 patients. Based on the previous phylogenomic analysis, we found three major branches of the virus RNA genomic mutation located in Asia, America, and Europe which is consistent with other studies. We selected sites with high mutation frequencies from Asia, America, and Europe. There are only 13 common mutation sites in these three regions. It infers that the viral mutations are highly dependent on their location and different locations have specific mutations. Most mutations can lead to amino acid substitutions, which occurred in 3/5’UTR, S/N/M protein, and ORF1ab/3a/8/10. Thus, the mutations may affect the pathogenesis of the virus. In addition, we applied an ARIMA model to predict the short-term frequency change of these top mutation sites during the spread of the disease. We tested a variety of settings of the ARIMA model to optimize the prediction effect of three patterns. This model can provide good help for predicting short-term mutation frequency changes.
Hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortices encode structural task representations following progressive and interleaved training schedules
Authors: Berens Sam C. , Bird Chris M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMemory generalisations may be underpinned by either encoding- or retrieval-based generalisation mechanisms and different training schedules may bias some learners to favour one of these mechanisms over the other. We used a transitive inference task to investigate whether generalisation is influenced by progressive vs randomly interleaved training, and overnight consolidation. On consecutive days, participants learnt pairwise discriminations from two transitive hierarchies before being tested during fMRI. Inference performance was consistently better following progressive training, and for pairs further apart in the transitive hierarchy. BOLD pattern similarity correlated with hierarchical distances in the left hippocampus (HIP) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) following both training schedules. These results are consistent with the use of structural representations that directly encode hierarchical relationships between task features. However, such effects were only observed in the MPFC for recently learnt relationships. Furthermore, the MPFC appeared to maintain structural representations in participants who performed at chance on the inference task. We conclude that humans preferentially employ encoding-based mechanisms to store map-like relational codes that can be used for memory generalisation. These codes are expressed in the HIP and MPFC following both progressive and interleaved training but are not sufficient for accurate inference.Author summaryIntegrating information across distinct situations allows both humans and non-human animals to solve novel problems. For instance, by observing that topaz is hard enough to scratch quartz, and that quartz is hard enough to scratch gypsum, one can infer that topaz must be harder than gypsum - even if these materials have never been seen together. This type of generalisation (transitive inference) can be achieved by combing different pieces of information either, 1) when an inference is actually needed (retrieval-based generalisation), or 2) when new information is first encountered (encoding-based generalisation). We predicted that the use of these generalisation mechanisms depends on the order in which information is presented and whether that information was learnt before an overnight rest. Contrary to our predictions, behavioural and neuroimaging analyses of a transitive inference task in humans showed convergent evidence for encoding-based generalisations in all conditions. While these conditions had a large impact on inferential ability, we found that brain regions involved in memory invariably learnt inferred relationships between items that had not been seen together. Strikingly, this appeared to be the case even when participants where unbale to make accurate inferences.
Female and male microglia are not different in the dentate gyrus of postnatal day 10 mice
Authors: Guez-Barber Danielle , Colon Lorianna M. , Raphael Dana , Wragan Max A. , Yun Sanghee , Eisch Amelia J. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTMicroglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, support normal brain function and the brain’s response to disease and injury. The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is an area of microglial study due to its central role in many behavioral and cognitive functions. Interestingly, microglia and related cells are distinct in female vs. male rodents, even in early life. Indeed, postnatal day (P)-dependent sex differences in number, density, and morphology of microglia have been reported in certain hippocampal subregions at specific ages. However, sex differences in the DG have not yet been assessed at P10, a rodent developmental time point translationally relevant to human term gestation. To address this knowledge gap, Iba1+ cells in the DG (which are enriched in the Hilus and Molecular Layer) in female and male C57BL/6J mice were analyzed for their number (via stereology) and density (via stereology and via sampling). Next, Iba1+ cells were classified into published morphology categories. Finally, the percent of Iba1+ cells in each morphology category was multiplied by total cell number to generate a total number of Iba1+ cells in each morphological category. Results show no sex difference in Iba1+ cell number, density, or morphology in the P10 Hilus or Molecular Layer. The lack of sex difference in Iba1+ cells in P10 DG using commonly-employed methodologies (sampling, stereology, morphology classification) provides a baseline from which to interpret microglia changes seen after injury.HIGHLIGHTSSex differences in Iba1+ cells were assessed in the dentate gyrus (DG) of P10 miceIba1+ cells were assessed in DG microglia-rich subregions: Hilus and Molecular LayerBoth stereology and sampling approaches were used to quantify Iba1+ cellsNo sex difference found in Iba1+ cell number, density, or morphology in P10 mice DG
Restoring an eroded legitimacy: the adaptation of nonfinancial disclosure after a scandal and the risk of hypocrisy
Authors: Bellucci Marco , Acuti Diletta , Simoni Lorenzo , Manetti Giacomo 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis study contributes to the literature on hypocrisy in corporate social responsibility by investigating how organizations adapt their nonfinancial disclosure after a social, environmental or governance scandal.Design/methodology/approachThe present research employs content analysis of nonfinancial disclosures by 11 organizations during a 3-year timespan to investigate how they responded to major scandals in terms of social, environmental and sustainability reporting and a content analysis of independent counter accounts to detect the presence of views that contrast with the corporate disclosure and suggest hypocritical behaviors.FindingsFour patterns in the adaptation of reporting – genuine, allusive, evasive, indifferent – emerge from information collected on scandals and socially responsible actions. The type of scandal and cultural factors can influence the response to a scandal, as environmental and social scandal can attract more scrutiny than financial scandals. Companies exposed to environmental and social scandals are more likely to disclose information about the scandal and receive more coverage by external parties in the form of counter accounts.Originality/valueUsing a theoretical framework based on legitimacy theory and organizational hypocrisy, the present research contributes to the investigation of the adaptation of reporting when a scandal occurs and during its aftermath.
COVID pandemic and virtual classes: a study of students from Punjab
Authors: Chadda Ishu , Kaur Hardeep 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe current corona virus pandemic had a major impact upon the health, economy and education worldwide. In India, the government as a part of the nationwide lockdown closed all educational institutions, as a consequence of which, the teaching-learning, examination and placement scenario of students were affected. UNESCO estimated that about 32 crore students have been affected in India. The adoption of an online e-learning approach tried to minimize the academic loss and stress on students. However, the online teaching transition moved on an untested and unprecedented scale in a very short span of period. The present study analyses the perception and level of acceptance of transition from offline to online learning amongst the students of higher education in Punjab.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis was carried out by surveying 200 students of higher education from Punjab belonging to different regions. An appropriate pre-tested questionnaire was framed on Google Forms. A five-point Likert scale was employed to determine the perception of students regarding quality of audio and video lectures, instructor's content, preparation, interactiveness, discussion regarding doubts and assessing likes and dislikes of students. The data were coded-decoded in SPSS by using descriptive statistics and factor analysis.FindingsThe study revealed the level of acceptance of online study among the students of higher education in Punjab. It is found that both online and offline modes of learning process have their own pros and cons. The sudden transition from regular mode to virtual mode was not an easy task for students either. The study revealed that both online and offline study modes have been accepted by students depending upon the availability of IT infrastructure as almost half of the respondents perceived online mode and the other half offline.Originality/valuePunjab is a recognized state of northern India. In Punjab, the quality of higher education is good and students' satisfaction is always the priority of the educational institutions. At the time of the pandemic, this sudden transition from regular to virtual mode impacted education with students coming from diverse backgrounds like urban areas, rural areas, remote areas, rural-urban areas etc. So, in the light of this sudden transition, it is important to study the viewpoint of the students of Punjab. So, the present study was conducted to understand the perception of the students toward online learning during this ongoing pandemic. For this purpose, the study employed factor analysis. Application of factor analysis in this area is unique.
“Do they mean what they say?” Measuring greenwash in the sustainable property development sector
Authors: Quoquab Farzana , Sivadasan Rames , Mohammad Jihad 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis study aims to measure the greenwash construct in the sustainable property development (GSPD) context. Property development products such as residential homes, which are generally high-priced, require a long-term financial commitment from the consumers. It makes the property development sector unique. Hence, a specific scale is required to measure greenwash activities in this specific context by the marketers. However, the scale available to measure the greenwash construct is general which is not suitable to use in this particular context. The present study is an attempt to fill this gap in the literature.Design/methodology/approachThree studies were conducted to develop the GSPD measure in different phases. In developing the scale, qualitative interviews (study 1) were conducted to generate the initial pool of items. The preliminary set of questions were then validated (content and face validity) by experts' opinions. Exploratory factor analysis (using SPSS) was conducted to extract the factor structure of the newly developed measure (study 2) which was then again validated to ensure predictive reliability and nomological validity by using the SEM-PLS technique (study 3).FindingsThe exploratory factor analysis result revealed that greenwash in sustainable property development (GSPD) is a multi-dimensional construct. The dimensions are namely, false claims and misleading claims. The confirmatory composite analysis confirmed these two dimensions.Practical implicationsThis newly developed GSPD scale will enable the researchers to measure the greenwash activities practiced by some of the housing developers. Marketers will be conscious to avoid such activities. Moreover, the government agencies may use this scale to monitor measure and deter greenwashing activities by property development companies.Originality/valueThis is a pioneer study that develops and validates a new scale to measure greenwash construct in sustainable property development in a developing context i.e. Malaysia. In addition, this study operationalized the greenwash construct in sustainable property development as a multi-dimensional behavioural construct determined by two dimensions i.e. false claims and misleading claims.
Assessment of mental fatigue using electroencephalography (EEG) and virtual reality (VR) for construction fall hazard prevention
Authors: Tehrani Behnam M. , Wang Jun , Truax Dennis 
Published: August 2021

PurposeDespite the importance of cognitive monitoring, limited studies attempted to continuously monitor cognitive status of workers regarding mental fatigue effects on fall hazard. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate and understand the effects of working at height on mental fatigue development for fall hazard prevention.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative framework using two well-known methods, i.e. Wavelet Packet Decomposition and Sample entropy, is developed to analyze the captured brain signals from Electroencephalography (EEG) to quantitatively assess mental fatigue levels, and seven mental fatigue indices were obtained. Between-subjects lab experiment was designed and conducted to assess mental fatigue in Virtual Reality (VR) environment.FindingsBoth of the quantitative methods confirmed that height exposure can adversely affect subjects' vigilance levels and indicated higher levels of mental fatigue. Significant differences were found between the two tested groups (i.e. working at height or on the ground) for six out of seven indices. The results suggested that working-at-height group had higher mental fatigue levels.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of this study is the limited number of subjects recruited for the experiment. Overall, this study is a preliminary and exploratory work towards mental fatigue monitoring and assessment in subjects exposed to fall risk.Originality/valueThis is the first study to explore and focus on mental fatigue assessment, particularly for construction falling-from-height hazard prevention by continuously monitoring mental fatigue levels of workers. The research provides insight into construction safety enhancement using smart technologies.
Method for managing requirements in healthcare projects using building information modelling
Authors: Baldauf Juliana Parise , Formoso Carlos Torres , Tzortzopoulos Patricia 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis paper proposes a method for managing client requirements with the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM). The development of healthcare projects demands a large amount of requirements information, in order to deal with a diversity of clients and frequents changes in healthcare services. The proposed method supports healthcare design by adopting a process-based approach for client requirements management, with the aim of improving value generation.Design/methodology/approachDesign Science Research was the methodological approach adopted in this investigation. The main outcome of this study emerged from an empirical study carried out in a healthcare project in Brazil.FindingsThe proposed method involves three stages: (1) capturing and processing requirements; (2) product and requirements modelling, which involves the connection between requirements and the BIM 3-D model and (3) supporting design solution refinement, through the communication of requirements and the assessment of design in relation to updated client requirements information.Originality/valueThis study explores client requirements management from a process perspective, proposing activities and their interdependences and possible sources of data, including healthcare services information. The main theoretical contributions are related to the understanding of the nature and complexity of the information involved in client requirements management, and how this can be modelled.