bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aprendizagem e inclusão em espaço de educação não formal: relato de experiência
Authors: Vasconcellos Talita Perussi , Orlando Rosimeire Maria 
Published: November 2021

O presente estudo busca apresentar uma experiência de inclusão socioeducacional realizada em um ambiente de ensino não formal por intermédio da metodologia de projetos. A experiência teve como objetivo elaborar, desenvolver e expor um projeto sobre a China, empenhando-se em trabalhar as múltiplas potencialidades. Caracterizou-se como estudo de caso, de cunho qualitativo, e utilizou a metodologia de projetos. Transcorreu durante um semestre em uma Organização da Sociedade Civil do interior paulista, que atende meninas crianças e adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade. Foram selecionadas meninas entre 8 e 12 anos, dentre elas, uma com Paralisia Cerebral. Durante os encontros, cada grupo pesquisou uma determinada curiosidade acerca do país mencionado e em todo o processo as participantes tiveram oportunidades de escolhas sobre seu interesse a respeito da temática. A experiência foi enriquecedora para todas, inclusive para a menina com Paralisia Cerebral, que participou de todo o decurso.
Clinical and Dermoscopic Features of Melanocytic Lesions on the Face Versus the External Ear
Authors: Deinlein Teresa , Blum Andreas , Schulter Günter , Haenssle Holger A. , Braun Ralph , Giuffrida Roberta , Hofmann-Wellenhof Rainer 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Melanoma of the external ear is a rare condition accounting for 7-20% of all melanomas of the head and neck region. They present classical features of extra-facial melanomas clinically and dermoscopically. In contrast, facial melanomas show peculiar patterns in dermoscopy.
Objectives: We evaluate whether there are clinical and/or dermoscopic differences in melanocytic lesions located either at the external ear or on the face.
Methods: In this retrospective study we reviewed an image database for clinical and dermoscopic images of melanomas and nevi located either on the face or at the level of the external ear.
Results: 65 patients (37 men; 63.8%) with 65 lesions were included. We found no significant differences in comparing face melanomas with melanomas at the level of the external ear, neither clinically nor dermoscopically. However, we provided evidence for differences in some clinical and dermoscopic features of melanomas and nevi of the external ear.
Conclusions: In this study, we reported no significant differences in comparing melanomas on the face with melanomas of the external ear, both clinically and dermoscopically. Furthermore, we provided data on clinical and dermoscopic differences comparing nevi and melanoma of the external ear.
Variability in the Histopathological Diagnosis of Nonmelanocytic Lesions Excised to Exclude Melanoma
Authors: Katz Ian , Azzi Tony , Lilleyman Alister , O'Brien Blake , Schapiro Brian , Thompson Curtis , Prow Tarl 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The differential diagnosis of lesions excised to exclude melanoma include a variety of benign and malignant melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions.
Objectives. We examined the variability between pathologists in diagnosing non-melanocytic lesions.
Methods. As part of a larger study prospectively examining the diagnosis of lesions excised to exclude melanoma in 198 patients at a primary care skin cancer clinic in Newcastle, Australia, we compared diagnosis made by 5 experienced dermatopathologists, of 44 non-melanocytic lesions in 44 patients aged 22-90.
Results. Forty-four lesions (out of 217 in total) were non-melanocytic. Among the 5 pathologists who examined each case there was marked variability in the terminology used to diagnose each case. The most common variability was found between seborrheic keratosis, large cell acanthoma, solar lentigo, and lichenoid keratosis. The diagnosis made by the majority of the pathologists was deemed to be the reference diagnosis. Versus majority diagnosis, 4% of benign lesions were considered malignant, and 7% of malignant diagnoses were considered as benign.
Conclusions. The different terminology adopted and lack of consensus in the diagnosis of these non-melanocytic lesions in this setting suggests that training AI systems using gold standards may be problematic. We propose a new management classification scheme called MOLEM (Management of Lesions Excised to exclude Melanoma) which expands the previously described MPATH-dx to include non-melanocytic lesions.
Protocol for a Scoping Review of Research Practices in the Investigation of Bilingual Effects on Inhibition and Attentional Function in Young People
Authors: Privitera Adam John 
Published: November 2021

Background: While there is evidence in support of a bilingual advantage in executive function in children and adults, little work supports these effects in young people. This lack of support may result as consequence of a developmental ceiling effect on task performance in this age group. An alternative explanation can be found in the treatment of bilingualism as a categorical variable, and the use of exclusively fixed-effects methods of analysis. These methods treat bilinguals as a homogenous group, ignoring nontrivial differences between participants, and may contribute to this lack of evidence. This scoping review aims is to identify and summarize research practices in the investigation of bilingual effects in inhibition and attentional function in young people.
Methods: The proposed scoping review will follow the five-stage framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Searches will be conducted across five databases using inclusive search strings. Study selection will follow the guidance of the PRISMA-ScR checklist. This review will include both published and unpublished work. A standardized data extraction spreadsheet will be used and data will be presented in tabular and graphic format in alignment with the objectives of the review.
Discussion: This review aims to provide a current understanding of research practices in the investigation of bilingual effects in young people as well as identify gaps in the literature. This review may also draw attention to methodological trends in the current literature that limit the conclusions researchers can draw.
Formulation and Sensory Analysis of Cocktails Based on Ginger Oleoresin (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Pineapple Juice (Ananas comosus L. MERR) and Bissap Concentrate (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
Authors: Coulibaly Adama , Ezoua Pierre , Konan Ysidor N’guessan , Doukoure Souleymane , Sidibe Daouda , Biego Godi Henri Marius 
Published: November 2021

Aims: The aim of this study is to formulate cocktails based on ginger oleoresin, pineapple juice and bissap concentrate in order to contribute to the development of these agricultural products and improve the income of producers.
Study Design: The biological material consists of pineapple juice, ginger oleoresin and bissap concentrate. The oleoresin and the bissap concentrate were supplied respectively by Gazignaire (France) and the Water Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory.
Place and Duration of Study: The cocktails were formulated and then subjected to sensory analyzes, from July to October 2018, at the Biochemistry and Food Sciences laboratory at Félix Houphouët-Boigny University.
Methodology: The cocktails were formulated through a composite central plan having as variables the proportions of the pineapple juice, the bissap concentrate and the ethanol composing the cocktail. Thus 15 cocktail formulations were developed, the sensory characteristics of which were estimated.
Results: Hedonic analysis of the formulations indicates acceptance of 12 of them by more than 50% of tasters.In addition, 5 formulations F4; F6; F12; F13 and F15 are preferred in proportions varying between 62% and 77%.The descriptive analysis of these 5 formulations indicates that only the pineapple flavor makes it possible to distinguish them and the F13 formulation is less provided with them.However, these formulations according to their flavor, aroma and texture are classified into 3 groups according to a principal component analysis.Which could offer consumers more choice.
Conclusion: Commercial production of these cocktails could improve the availability of ginger, bissap and pineapple year-round and help improve the income of producers.
Histopathological Changes on Testes, Liver, Kidney and Brain Tissues in Acute Boric Acid Administration
Authors: Ayranci Dursun Figen Emeksiz , Ozelmas Unal , Ayranci Unal 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In recent years as a result of the observation that the toxic effects of boron and its products have increased intensive studies have been initiated in our country and in the world regarding its effects, especially in the central nervous system, digestive system and reproductive system. The aim was to determine the histopathological changes caused by boric acid in rat testis, liver, kidney and brain tissues by light microscopy after oral administration of toxic dose of acute boric acid.
Material and Methods: In the study, 1000 mg/kg/day boric acid was given orally for 7 days to 12-week-old 30 male albino SpragueDawley rats in total with an average weight of 285 g. Twelve male albino Sprague-Dawley rats of approximately the same weight and age were used as controls. At the end of the seventh day testes, liver, kidney and brain tissues were isolated from the animals.
Results: At the end of the experiment, it was determined that the experimental group had significant body weight loss compared to the control group. Likewise, testicular, liver and kidney weights of the experimental group were decreased compared to the controls. In the histopathological examination performed with light microscopy in the testis, liver, kidney and brain tissues taken, congestion in the vascular bed of the testicular tissue and cellular degeneration at different rates were observed in paraffin sections and semi-thin sections.
Conclusion: It was observed that acute boric acid administration, together with its widespread toxic effect, caused histopathological changes by inhibiting spermatogenesis, especially in testicular tissue.
An Evaluation on Use of Stress Ball Exercise on Stress Management among Student Population – A Cross Section Study
Authors: Srivarsan R. , Sridevi G. , Preetha S. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Stress ball is a new favourite gadget people like to use to fight stress, reduce tension. But there are not many scientific reports on the benefits of stress ball exercises.
Objective: the present study aimed to investigate the level of stress among student population and the effectiveness of the use of stress ball exercises among student population.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted through a convenience sampling method. The participants were administered with a self developed questionnaire consisting of 17 questions. The responses were collected using google forms. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and chi square test was used to analyze the data.
Results: Males are more stressed than female in college environment and after stress ball exercise students feels reduced irritability and nervousness thus using stress ball exercise during stress management is more significant.
Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that Majority of the student population were stressed due to academic reasons and respondents feel that stress ball users showed a satisfactory recovery from their stress.
Putative Role of Monoaminergic Systems in Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effects of Naringin in Mice: An Interaction Study with Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Anyanwu G. E. , Atuadu V. O. , Ben-Azu B. , Esom E. A. , Nto J. N. , Katchy A. U. 
Published: November 2021

Aim: Stress-related disorders like depression and anxiety represent one of the greatest therapeutic challenges globally. Although previous studies have revealed the antidepressant-like potentials of naringin, the neurotransmitter receptor interaction mechanisms of action have not been studied, hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the role of neurotransmitter-receptor antagonists in the antidepressant-like effects of naringin in mice.
Method: Male Swiss mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) apart from mice in the control group. The mice were then pretreated with different neurotransmitter antagonists; metergoline (4 mg /kg i.p.), a 5-HT1 - and 5-HT2 -receptor antagonist; propranolol; (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), β1,2-noradrenoceptor antagonist or haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), D 2 -dopaminergic receptor antagonists prior to the administration of naringin or vehicle (10 mL/kg). The antidepressant-like and anxiolytic effects of naringin were evaluated 30 min later using the tail suspension test (TST), open-field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests paradigms.
Results: Administration of naringin following CUMS significantly decrease immobility time and locomotion activity in TST and OFT respectively, relative to control while increasing preference to sucrose in SPT, open arm entries as well as time spent in open arm in EPM, relative to control suggesting antidepressant-like property. Pretreatment with metergoline, propranolol, and haloperidol following CUMS increased immobility time in TST, locomotor activity in OFT and IOAA in the EPM. Reduced preference for sucrose in SPT, open arm entry and duration in EPM relative to control (p < 0.05), however, these effects were attenuated by naringin.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the antidepressant-like activity exhibited by naringin might be mediated via interactions with 5-HTergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic receptors, while the anxiolytic effect might involve interaction with both 5-HTergic and noradrenergic receptors.
Long-term use of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics in pediatric patients with a focus on appropriate deprescribing
Authors: Stutzman Danielle L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is estimated that 8% to 12% of youth are prescribed psychotropic medications. Those in foster care, juvenile justice systems, residential treatment facilities, and with developmental or intellectual disabilities are more likely to be prescribed high-risk regimens. The use of psychotropic medications in this age group is often off-label and can be associated with significant risk, warranting critical evaluation of their role. Landmark trials, pediatric-specific guidelines, and state-driven initiatives play critical roles in supporting evidence-based use of psychotropic medications in children. Overall, there is a lack of literature describing the long-term use of psychotropic medications in youth—particularly with regard to neurobiological, physical, and social changes that occur throughout development. Deprescribing is an important practice in child and adolescent psychiatry, given concerns for over-prescribing, inappropriate polytherapy, and the importance of reevaluating the role of psychotropic medications as children develop.
Managing acute agitation and aggression in the world of drug shortages
Authors: Miller Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Acute agitation and aggression create safety risks for both patients and staff, often leading to psychiatric emergencies. Quick and appropriate treatment is necessary to achieve safe and effective outcomes. Unfortunately, there are several factors that hinder timely interventions, such as medication shortages and delay in staff preparedness. Ultimately, the goal of managing acute agitation and aggression in the clinical setting is to de-escalate the situation and prevent harm to patients and staff. This article will explore useful interventions in realizing treatment goals for the management of agitation and aggression in adults while navigating limitations faced in practice.
Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Clarke Sarah L. N. , Mitchell Ruth E. , Sharp Gemma C. , Ramanan Athimalaipet V. , Relton Caroline L. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesObservational studies report mixed findings regarding the association between vitamin D and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) incidence or activity; however, such studies are susceptible to considerable bias. Because low vitamin D levels are common within the general population and easily corrected, there is potential public health benefit in identifying a causal association between vitamin D insufficiency and JIA incidence. To limit bias due to confounding and reverse causation, we examined the causal effect of the major circulating form of vitamin D, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25‐[OH]D), on JIA incidence using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsIn this 2‐sample MR analysis, we used summary level data from the largest and most recent genome‐wide association study of 25‐(OH)D levels (sample size 443,734), alongside summary data from 2 JIA genetic studies (sample sizes 15,872 and 12,501), all from European populations. To test and account for potential bias due to pleiotropy, we employed multiple MR methods and sensitivity analyses.ResultsWe found no evidence of a causal relationship between genetically predicted 25‐(OH)D levels and JIA incidence (odds ratio 1.00 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.76, 1.33] per SD increase in standardized natural‐log transformed 25‐[OH]D levels). This estimate was consistent across all methods tested. Additionally, there was no evidence that genetically predicted JIA causally influences 25‐(OH)D levels (−0.002 SD change in standardized natural‐log transformed 25‐[OH]D levels per doubling odds in genetically predicted JIA [95% CI −0.006, 0.002]).ConclusionGiven the lack of a causal relationship between 25‐(OH)D levels and JIA, population level vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to reduce JIA incidence.
Functionalization of Oxide‐Free Silicon Surfaces for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Henriksson Anders , Neubauer Peter , Birkholz Mario 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs an alternative to standard silicon biofunctionalization protocol based on alkoxysilanes that bind to SiO2 on oxidized silicon substrates, several protocols to form bifunctional interlayers that directly bind to the silicon surface via a strong SiC bond have been developed during the last decades. These interlayers are more stable, and the lack of an insulating layer between the substrate and the interlayer reduces electric noise in biosensor devices. SiC monolayers are not yet regularly applied as the protocols are more complex and generally require an inert gas atmosphere. However, a variety of applications and new methods to form bifunctional SiC interlayers are recently developed. Here, the role these innovative protocols and interlayers play in biofunctionalization of silicon surfaces is reviewed and their applications in electrochemical, microelectromechanical, and optical biosensing are reported. From the analysis of the current situation, it can be concluded that the advantageous properties offered with this approach in many cases more than outweigh the additional processes to form SiC bonded interlayers and the approach is predicted to expand the applications of future silicon‐based biosensors.
First‐Principles Study of 3d Transition Metal Atoms Doped Ni13 Cluster as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Song Wei , Xi Menghui , Guo Yongliang , He Chaozheng , Fu Ling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmmonia (NH3), the source compound of all nitrogen‐containing chemicals, is not only an important energy storage intermediate and potential energy carrier, but also an essential nitrogen source in fertilizer production. Therefore, it is very essential for agriculture and food production. In recent years, electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis can be carried out under ambient condition, and clean electric energy can be used to activate nitrogen molecule, which is a technical route with great potential, so it is considered as a promising method. The key problem of electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis is to design electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and selectivity. Herein, a series of 3d transition metal (TM = Sc−Zn) atoms doped Ni13 cluster as electrocatalysts for NH3 synthesis using density functional theory are designed, and the effects of different TM atoms and active centers on the catalytic performance and reaction mechanism of electrocatalytic NH3 are explored. The results screen out that Ni12V cluster has the best catalytic effect, and the introduction of charges can further reduce the free energy barrier of the nitrogen reduction reaction and effectively inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Investigations on the optical properties and X‐ray emission in compact radio active galactic nuclei
Authors: Liao Mai , Gu Minfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCompact radio active galactic nuclei (compact radio AGN) are compact (≤20 kpc), powerful radio sources. Currently, the preferred scenario is that they are at the early stage of AGN evolution. At present, the research of compact radio AGN mainly focuses on the radio band; other bands have not been extensively studied. We present the systemic optical properties and X‐ray emission studies for compact radio AGN, to investigate the accretion properties, AGN evolution, and their X‐ray origin. We find that compact radio AGN has various accretion modes indicated by the accretion rate analysis. In the radio power‐linear size diagram, they generally follow the evolutionary trend toward large‐scale radio galaxies with increasing linear size and decreasing accretion rate. Their hard X‐ray emission may be from jet based on the radio/X‐ray relation and fundamental plane of black hole activity.
Communicating the diagnosis of cancer or depression: Results of a randomized controlled online study using video vignettes
Authors: Kühne Franziska , Fauth Henriette , Ay‐Bryson Destina S. , Visser Leonie N. C. , Weck Florian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunicating a diagnosis is highly important, yet complex, especially in the context of cancer and mental disorders. The aim was to explore the communication style of an oncologist vs. psychotherapist in an online study.MethodsPatients (N = 136: 65 cancer, 71 depression) were randomly assigned to watch a standardized video vignette with one of two communication styles (empathic vs. unempathic). Outcome measures of affectivity, information recall, communication skills, empathy and trust were applied.ResultsRegardless of diagnosis, empathic communication was associated with the perception of a significantly more empathic (p < 0.001, = 0.08) and trustworthy practitioner (p = 0.014, = 0.04) with better communication skills (p = 0.013, = 0.05). Cancer patients reported a larger decrease in positive affect (p < 0.001, = 0.15) and a larger increase in negative affect (p < 0.001, = 0.14) from pre‐ to post‐video than depressive patients. Highly relevant information was recalled better in both groups (p < 0.001, d = 0.61–1.06).ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of empathy while communicating both a diagnosis of cancer and a mental disorder. Further research should focus on the communication of a mental disorder in association with cancer.
A novel isosteviol‐based bifunctional squaramide organocatalyst for enantioselective Michael addition of acetylacetone to nitroolefins
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Liu Zhijing , Wang Chuanchuan , Chen Xiaopei , Tao Jingchao , Lv Quanjian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChiral amine‐squaramide is a kind of effective hydrogen bond donor bifunctional catalyst to promote many asymmetric transformations. In this paper, novel chiral tertiary amine‐squaramide derived from the natural product of the stevioside was developed and applied into the asymmetric Michael addition of acetylacetone to nitroolefins. This asymmetric reaction performed well, and a series of enantiomerically enriched compounds were obtained in high yields (up to 96%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).