bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who is resilient in a time of crisis? The importance of financial and non‐financial resources
Authors: Johnston David W. , Kung Claryn S. J. , Shields Michael A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnhancing population resilience to adverse events is now a policy priority. Accordingly, there have been calls for more evidence on the determinants of resilience. We answer this call by identifying financial and non‐financial resources associated with psychological resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using longitudinal survey data, psychological resilience is measured by comparing distress reported pre‐COVID‐19 with distress reported during the outbreak and initial lockdown in April 2020. Methodologically, we compare differences in resilience and resources between people with identical gender, ethnicity, health, parenthood status, education, employment status, and region of residence (all measured pre‐2020). We also provide estimates from within‐household comparisons. Surprisingly, income, savings, and debt levels did not affect the likelihood of psychologically resilient outcomes. Cognitive ability, religiosity, and neighborhood social capital also had no protective effect. In contrast, we find robust evidence that non‐cognitive skills, measured by self‐efficacy, strongly protected against psychological distress. Self‐efficacy also dampened the increase in distress caused by large earnings shocks. These findings support investments in non‐cognitive skills that modify the damage‐function from adverse events.
Transverse cervical artery anterior perforator flap for head and neck oncological reconstruction: Preliminary study
Authors: Wang Liang , Ma Chun‐yue , Shen Yi , Fang Jin , Haugen Thorsen W. , Guo Bing , Sun Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo describe the indications, technique, and our experience in the application of the transverse cervical artery anterior perforator flap (ap‐TCAF) for reconstruction of head and neck oncological defects.MethodsFrom September 2016 to September 2019, 11 patients underwent surgical treatment for head neck squamous cell carcinoma and were subsequently reconstructed with ap‐TCAFs. The clinical details were recorded, and the postoperative appearance and function were analyzed.ResultsThe ap‐TCAF was used to reconstruct intraoral defects in eight patients and to repair an oropharyngeal defect in one patient. In two remaining patients, the ap‐TCAF was divided into two to restore defects with both an intraoral and extraoral component. The flap size ranged from 6 × 4 cm to 15 × 9 cm. All flaps healed uneventfully. There was no delayed wound healing or dysfunction at the donor site.ConclusionsThe ap‐TCAF is reliable with characteristics making it useful for head and neck oncological reconstruction, especially in male patients.
Requirement of RORα for maintenance and antitumor immunity of liver‐resident natural killer cells/ILC1s
Authors: Song Jiaxi , Song Hao , Wei Haiming , Sun Rui , Tian Zhigang , Peng Hui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Backgroud and Aims
Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s), also known as liver‐resident natural killer (LrNK) cells, comprise a high proportion of total hepatic ILCs. However, factors regulating their maintenance and function remain unclear.

Approach and Results
In this study, we found high expression of retinoid‐related orphan nuclear receptor alpha (RORα) in LrNK cells/ILC1s. Mice with conditional ablation of retinoid‐related orphan nuclear receptor alpha (Rorα) in LrNK cells/ILC1s and conventional natural killer (cNK) cells had decreased LrNK cells/ILC1s but normal numbers of cNK cells. RORα‐deficient LrNK cells/ILC1s displayed increased apoptosis and significantly altered transcriptional profile. Using a murine model of colorectal cancer liver metastasis, we found that RORα conditional deficiency resulted in more aggressive liver tumor progression and impaired effector molecule expression in LrNK cells/ILC1s. Consequently, treatment with the RORα agonist efficiently limited liver metastases and promoted effector molecule expression of LrNK cells/ILC1s.

Conclusions
This study reveals a role of RORα in LrNK cell/ILC1 maintenance and function, providing insights into the harnessing of LrNK cell/ILC1 activity in the treatment of liver cancer.
Magnetic resonance elastography for prediction of long‐term progression and outcome in chronic liver disease: A retrospective study
Authors: Gidener Tolga , Yin Meng , Dierkhising Ross A. , Allen Alina M. , Ehman Richard L. , Venkatesh Sudhakar K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Although magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has been well‐established for detecting and staging liver fibrosis, its prognostic role in determining outcomes of chronic liver disease (CLD) is mostly unknown.

Approach and Results
This retrospective study consisted of 1269 subjects who underwent MRE between 2007 and 2009 and followed up until death or last known clinical encounter or end of study period. Charts were reviewed for cirrhosis development, decompensation, and transplant or death. The cohort was split into baseline noncirrhosis (group 1), compensated cirrhosis (group 2), and decompensated cirrhosis (group 3). Cox‐regression analysis with age, sex, splenomegaly, CLD etiology, Child‐Pugh Score (CPS), Fibrosis‐4 Index (FIB‐4) score, and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD)–adjusted HR for every 1‐kPa increase in liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were used to assess the predictive performance of MRE on outcomes. Group 1 (n = 821) had baseline median LSM of 2.8 kPa, and cirrhosis developed in 72 (8.8%) subjects with an overall rate of about 1% cirrhosis/year. Baseline LSM predicted the future cirrhosis with multivariable adjusted HR of 2.38 (p < 0.0001) (concordance, 0.84). In group 2 (n = 277) with baseline median LSM of 5.7 kPa, 83 (30%) subjects developed decompensation. Baseline LSM predicted the future decompensation in cirrhosis with FIB‐4 and MELD‐adjusted HR of 1.22 (p < 0.0001) (concordance, 0.75). In group 3 (n = 171) with median baseline LSM of 6.8 kPa (5.2, 8.4), 113 (66%) subjects had either death or transplant. Baseline LSM predicted the future transplant or death with HR of 1.11 (p = 0.013) (concordance 0.53) but not in CPS and MELD‐adjusted models (p = 0.08).

Conclusion
MRE‐based LSM is independently predictive of development of future cirrhosis and decompensation, and has predictive value in future transplant/death in patients with CLD.
Aging exaggerates acute‐on‐chronic alcohol‐induced liver injury in mice and humans by inhibiting neutrophilic sirtuin 1‐C/EBPα‐miRNA‐223 axis
Authors: Ren Ruixue , He Yong , Ding Dong , Cui Aoyuan , Bao Huarui , Ma Jing , Hou Xin , Li Yu , Feng Dechun , Li Xiaoling , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Gao Bin , Wang Hua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Aging exacerbates liver neutrophil infiltration and alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) in mice and humans, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. This study aimed to examine the effect of aging and alcohol consumption on neutrophilic Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and microRNA‐223 (miR‐223), and their contribution to ALD pathogeneses.

Approach and Results
Young and aged myeloid‐specific Sirt1 knockout mice were subjected to chronic‐plus‐binge ethanol feeding. Blood samples from healthy controls and patients with chronic alcohol drinking who presented with acute intoxication were analyzed. Neutrophilic Sirt1 and miR‐223 expression were down‐regulated in aged mice compared with young mice. Deletion of the Sirt1 gene in myeloid cells including neutrophils exacerbated chronic‐plus‐binge ethanol‐induced liver injury and inflammation and down‐regulated neutrophilic miR‐223 expression. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that SIRT1 promoted C/EBPα deacetylation by directly interacting with C/EBPα, a key transcription factor that controls miR‐223 biogenesis, and subsequently elevated miR‐223 expression in neutrophils. Importantly, down‐regulation of SIRT1 and miR‐223 expression was also observed in circulating neutrophils from middle‐aged and elderly subjects compared with those from young individuals. Chronic alcohol users with acute intoxication had a reduction in neutrophilic SIRT1 expression in young and middle‐aged patients, with a greater reduction in the latter group. The neutrophilic SIRT1 expression correlated with neutrophilic miR‐223 and serum alanine transaminase levels in those patients.

Conclusions
Aging increases the susceptibility of alcohol‐induced liver injury in mice and humans through the down‐regulation of the neutrophilic SIRT1‐C/EBPα‐miR‐223 axis, which could be a therapeutic target for the prevention and/or treatment of ALD.
Current and Emerging Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance
Authors: Adeniji Nia , Dhanasekaran Renumathy 
Published: September 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Early detection of HCC enables patients to avail curative therapies that can improve patient survival. Current international guidelines advocate for the enrollment of patients at high risk for HCC, like those with cirrhosis, in surveillance programs that perform ultrasound every 6 months. In recent years, many studies have further characterized the utility of established screening strategies and have introduced new promising tools for HCC surveillance. In this review, we provide an overview of the most promising new imaging modalities and biomarkers for the detection of HCC. We discuss the role of imaging tools like ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early detection of HCC, and describe recent innovations which can potentially enhance their applicability, including contrast enhanced ultrasound, low‐dose CT scans, and abbreviated MRI. Next, we outline the data supporting the use of three circulating biomarkers (i.e., alpha‐fetoprotein [AFP], AFP lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction, and des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin) in HCC surveillance, and expand on multiple emerging liquid biopsy biomarkers, including methylated cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), cfDNA mutations, extracellular vesicles, and circulating tumor cells. These promising new imaging modalities and biomarkers have the potential to improve early detection, and thus improve survival, in patients with HCC.
Secondary primary malignancies in patients with multiple myeloma: A single institution experience
Authors: Fei Fei , Reddy Vishnu , Rosenblum Frida 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of our study is to highlight the demographic characteristics, pathological features, and clinical course of multiple myeloma (MM) patients with secondary primary malignancies (SPM). A retrospective chart review was performed from January 2009 to February 2020. Patients' demographic, pathologic and cytogenetic features, treatment characteristics and clinical outcomes were collected. We identified 871 MM patients including 40 patients who developed SPM. Among the 40 patients with SPM, 17 patients developed hematological SPM and 23 patients developed solid SPM. The median time from diagnosis of MM to the occurrence of hematological SPM was 6.85 versus 3.91 years in solid SPM, with a median overall survival (OS) after diagnosis of SPM of 120 and 880 days, respectively. Interestingly, we observed that there was no significant difference in OS between MM patients with or without SPM. Multivariable analysis showed that age and autologous stem cell transplantation were independent factors associated with patients' clinical outcomes. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the etiology, biology, clinical outcome and management in MM patients with SPM.
The performance impact of gender diversity in the top management team and board of directors: A multiteam systems approach
Authors: Wu Jie , Richard Orlando C. , Triana María del Carmen , Zhang Xinhe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiven the mixed evidence that having both women and men in the top management team (TMT) or in the board of directors (BOD) has a significant influence on organizational innovation, we resolve this issue by conceptualizing TMT–BOD gender diversity as part of a multiteam system, that has joint effects which impact organizational innovation. Evidence from the study of both Chinese firms and UK firms confirm our conceptualization by showing an interaction effect between TMT gender diversity and BOD gender diversity such that innovation is greatest when both are high. The positive TMT–BOD gender diversity interaction effect on innovation improves subsequent firm performance particularly in dynamic environments. The findings refine current thinking by going beyond research that tests intra‐team TMT or BOD diversity independently and instead considers inter‐team diversity across both leadership teams within the strategic leadership upper echelons. In sum, findings show that high levels of TMT and BOD gender diversity result in more organizational innovation, which ultimately improves firm performance. We offer implications for women's inclusion in leadership as well as for research on the upper echelons.
Interventions for managing professional isolation among health professionals in low resource environments: A scoping review
Authors: Kutoane Mahlomola , Brysiewicz Petra , Scott Tricia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundProfessional isolation is viewed as a sense of isolation from ones professional peers and this has contributed to compromised quality of health service delivery as well as quality of life for health professionals in low resource environments. Professional isolation is a multidimensional concept which may be either geographic, social, and/or ideological. However, professional isolation in low resource environments remains poorly defined with a limited body of research focusing on health professionals.AimTo map and examine available literature on interventions for managing professional isolation among health professionals in low resource environments.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of the published and grey literature to examine the extent, range and nature of existing research studies relevant to professional isolation in health professionals.ResultsOf the 10 articles retrieved, 70% were conducted in high income countries where the context may be different if applied to other low‐income settings such as in Africa. Only 20% of the studies focused specifically on nurses or the nursing profession and only 10% were conducted on the African continent.ConclusionThere is insufficient research on the definition and origins of professional isolation among health professionals including the interventions that can be employed. Rural, remote and/or isolated settings significantly predispose health professionals to professional isolation but remain poorly defined. Additional research is recommended to explore and determine the interventions for managing professional isolation among health professionals in low resource environments.
Detection of Victoria lineage influenza B viruses with K162 and N163 deletions in the hemagglutinin gene, South Africa, 2018
Authors: Hellferscee Orienka , Treurnicht Florette , Gaelejwe Lucinda , Moerdyk Alexandra , Reubenson Gary , McMorrow Meredith , Tempia Stefano , McAnerney Johanna , Walaza Sibongile , Wolter Nicole , von Gottberg Anne , Cohen Cheryl 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundA group of Victoria lineage influenza B viruses with a two amino acid deletion in the hemagglutinin (HA) at residues K162 and N163, was detected during the 2016 to 2017 Northern Hemisphere influenza season and continues to spread geographically. We describe the first identification of viruses with these deletions from South Africa in 2018.MethodsNasopharyngeal samples were obtained from the syndromic surveillance programs. Real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was used for virus detection and lineage determination. Influenza genetic characterization was done using next‐generation sequencing on the MiSeq platform. The duration of virus circulation was determined using thresholds calculated using the Moving Epidemic Method; duration was used as an indicator of disease transmissibility and impact.ResultsIn 2018, 42% (426/1015) of influenza‐positive specimens were influenza B viruses. Of 426 influenza B‐positive samples, 376 (88%) had the lineage determined of which 75% (283/376) were Victoria lineage. The transmissibility of the 2018 South African influenza season was high for a few weeks, although the severity remained moderate through most of the season. The sequenced 2018 South African Victoria lineage influenza B viruses clustered in sub‐clade V1A.1 with the 162‐163 deletions.ConclusionsWe report the first detection of the 162‐163 deletion variant of influenza B/Victoria viruses from South Africa in 2018, and suggest that this deletion variant replaced the previous circulating influenza B/Victoria viruses. These deletions putatively affect the antigenic properties of the viruses because they border an immune‐dominant region at the tip of the HA. Therefore, close monitoring of these newly emerging viruses is essential.
Lung sound analysis in infants with risk factors for asthma development
Authors: Miyamoto Manabu , Yoshihara Shigemi , Shioya Hiromi , Tadaki Hiromi , Imamura Tomohiko , Enseki Mayumi , Koike Hideki , Furuya Hiroyuki , Mochizuki Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesUsing a lung sound analysis, the prognosis of asthma was investigated in infants with risk factors for asthma development by a long‐term observation.MethodsA total of 268 infants were included (median age: 8 months old). The lung sound parameters (the ratio of the third and fourth area to the total area under the curve [A3/AT and B4/AT], and the ratio of power and frequency at 50% and 75% of the highest frequency [RPF50 and RPF75]) were evaluated at the first visit. At 3 years old, using a questionnaire, we examined the relationship between the lung sound parameters and risk factors of asthma development.ResultsAmong the 268 infants, 175 infants were in good health and 93 had a history of acute respiratory infection (ARI) within 7 days at the first visit. Among the 3‐ to 12‐month‐old infants with an ARI, the A3/AT, B4/AT values in those with a history of asthma/asthmatic bronchitis, atopic dermatitis, and atopy were smaller than in the infants without such histories. Among the 13‐ to 24‐month‐old infants with an ARI, the A3/AT and B4/AT values in those with a wheezing history were larger than in the infants without such a history.ConclusionsThe characteristics of the lung sounds in infants with risk factors for asthma development were demonstrated over long‐term follow‐up. Lung sound analyses may be useful for assessing the airway condition of infants.
Unsteady MHD oscillatory Casson fluid flow past an inclined vertical porous plate in the presence of chemical reaction with heat absorption and Soret effects
Authors: Kodi Raghunath , Mopuri Obulesu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to perform unsteady hydrodynamic flow over an inclined plate embedded in a porous medium with Soret‐aligned magnetic field and chemical reaction. Once momentum, energy, and mass are equal, they can be combined using the diffusion equation to yield the dimensionless momentum/energy/mass model. Computations were performed to analyze the behavior of fluid velocity, temperature and concentration on the inclined vertical plate with the variation of emerging physical parameters like aligned magnetic field, Casson parameter, inclined angle, chemical reaction including soret parameter. The findings derived from skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are included in the tables provided for different parameters. The results match with a special case of previously published work. From the present analysis, it is reported that the presence of angle of inclination, aligned magnetic field, and Casson fluid parameters sustains a retarding effect on velocity. The velocity decreases with increasing angle of inclination, aligned magnetic field parameter, and Casson fluid parameter. Comparisons with previously published work performed and the results are found to be in excellent agreement.
The clinical importance of polyp size measurement through two‐dimensional saline infusion sonohysterography prior to hysteroscopic resection in predicting premalignant and malignant endometrial lesions
Authors: Akış Serkan , Kıran Gürkan , Göçmen Ahmet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical importance of endometrial polyp size measured using saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) before performing a hysteroscopic resection in predicting premalignant/malignant lesions.MethodsA retrospective observational study analysis was conducted of 365 patients, who underwent SIS, in a reference hospital. The longest plane of the polyp size was taken as base. Polyps were classified as benign, premalignant, or malignant.ResultsThe rates of premalignant and malignant lesions were 7.4% and 0.9%, respectively. The mean polyp size was 17.7 ± 0.5 mm in benign patients and 23.7 ± 1.8 mm in premalignant/malignant individuals (P < 0.001). In the group of polyps that were 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and >30 mm, premalignancy/malignancy rates were 0.0%, 4.8%, 13.3%, and 18.8%, respectively. The cut‐off value for polyp size to be able to predict lesions was calculated as 22.5 mm (sensitivity: 63%, specificity: 80%) on receiver operating characteristics curve analysis (P = 0.001, area under the curve 0.732). The power of the study was calculated as 90.86%.ConclusionDuring the female reproductive years, endometrial polyps smaller than 10 mm, as measured in SIS, can be followed. However, when the polyp size is 22.5 mm or more, especially in postmenopausal women, treatment should be planned.
A meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies on stress urinary incontinence in women for the development of a Core Outcome Set: A systematic review
Authors: Rada Maria Patricia , Jones Stephanie , Betschart Cornelia , Falconi Gabriele , Haddad Jorge Milhem , Doumouchtsis Stergios K. ,   CHORUS: An International Collaboration for Harmonising Outcomes, Research, and Standards in Urogynaecology and Women’s Health (i‐chorus.org)
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveGiven the high variation of perceptions of women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI), qualitative meta‐synthesis in this field appears warranted. We aimed to synthesize evidence on women's experiences of SUI by analyzing qualitative data.MethodsA literature search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases was performed by a CHORUS Working Group, from inception to August 2020. Qualitative studies on women's perspectives on SUI were included. Thematic analysis was used as a conceptual approach to analyze the data and develop a set of overarching themes. The quality of studies was assessed based on the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool.ResultsSeven studies were included. Six themes encompassing women's perspectives on SUI emerged: experiencing SUI, awareness of SUI, treatments for SUI, sexuality, communication, and psychosocial effects. The quality appraisal of the studies showed good coherence.ConclusionThis study revealed six overarching themes, of which treatment had the highest prevalence. Assessment of women's perceptions of SUI in the context of a qualitative meta‐synthesis may inform policy and practice around this condition, may guide and help set research priorities, and will ideally contribute to the development of a Core Outcome Set for SUI.