bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hysteroscopic endometrial ablation without endometrial preparation
Authors: Yin C.S , Wei R.Y.‐C , Chao T.‐C , Chan C.‐C 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To study the effectiveness of endometrial ablation by hysteroscopic resection without prior medical preparation for the treatment of women with persistent menorrhagia. Method: From January 1996 to January 1997, a total of 170 women with persistent menorrhagia and/or dysmenorrhea and who underwent hysteroscopic endometrial resection were included in the study. A thorough suction curettage was done before the procedure. The operation was conducted through a continuous flow hysteroscopic resectoscope with electrosurgery while the patient was under intravenous general anesthesia. The distention fluid used was 5% dextrose with a gravity feed infusion system consisting of a 2‐l bag between 1 and 1.5 m above the uterine cavity. After the procedure, the patients’ conditions were followed for at least 6–18 months by telephone interview or at our clinic. Results: A total of 127 women were available for a follow‐up period of at least 6 months. Operative complications were 3%; three women had fever and received oral antibiotics; no uterine perforation occurred; one case of post‐operative bleeding was controlled by intrauterine balloon inflation; the average operation time was 21 min; The mean fluid deficit was 435 ml. Ninety‐nine out of 127 women (78%) had adequately controlled menorrhagia (18.1% had amenorrhea, 42.5% hypomenorrhea and 17.3% had normal menstrual flow), while 27 women (21.2%) were failed due to unchanged or heavier menstrual flow after surgery. Eleven (40%) out of the 27 failed cases had myoma with menorrhagia, whereas only five women (5%) out of the 99 adequately treated women had myomas (P<0.05). Thirty‐eight (54%) out of the 70 women with severe dysmenorrhea reported either lessening dysmenorrhea or no dysmenorrhea after the surgery. A total of 76 women (60%) were satisfied with the procedure. A second surgical procedure, either a resection or hysterectomy, was necessary in 13 women (10%) after ablation (seven received repeated ablations and six underwent hysterectomy). Conclusion: Endometrial ablation without endometrial suppression is a cheap, effective and acceptable procedure for treatment in women with persisted persistent menorrhagia.
Abnormal urodynamic findings after radical hysterectomy or pelvic irradiation for cervical cancer
Authors: Lin H.H , Sheu B.C , Lo M.C , Huang S.C 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To assess urodynamic study results in patients with cervical cancer who had received radical hysterectomy or pelvic irradiation or radical hysterectomy with pelvic irradiation. Methods: Forty‐two patients with stage IB cervical cancer after radical hysterectomy (group A), 11 patients at stage IB or IIA after pelvic irradiation (group B), 15 patients at stage IB or IIA after both radical hysterectomy and pelvic irradiation (group C) and 17 patients at stage IB before treatment (group D) as control were recruited for urodynamic examination. The evaluations for each case included a 20‐min pad test, uroflowmetry, both filling and voiding cystometry, and stress urethral pressure profile. ANOVA method with Bonferroni test and Pearson χ2‐test were utilized for statistical analysis. Results: The mean ages in sequential groups A, B, C and D were 52.9±10.2, 62.5±13.5, 49.8±11.7 and 49.4±12.5 years (P=0.02), respectively. The occurring frequency of either detrusor instability or low bladder compliance was 57%, 45%, 80% and 24%, respectively. Each group revealed decreased bladder capacity as 268.4±102.8, 164.1±62.9, 233.5±73.9 and 293.0±47.2 ml (P<0.0001). However, the frequency of abdominal strain voiding was 100% in groups A, B and C as compared to 0% in group D (P<0.01), and the frequency of abnormal residual urine (>50 ml) was 41%, 27%, 40% and 24%. Although each case showed a poor pressure transmission ratio (<100%), the frequency of positive pad test in each group was 81%, 46%, 100% and 18% (P<0.001). The functional urethral length decreased in each group and was 2.6±0.8, 2.3±0.8, 2.5±0.8 and 2.9±0.6 cm, but there were no significant differences in maximal urethral pressure or urethral closure pressure among the four groups. Conclusions: Our data show that abnormal urodynamic findings pre‐exist in patients with cervical cancer before treatment especially in bladder storing function, and that these findings may worsen, or that new abnormal findings may happen after radical hysterectomy or pelvic irradiation, or both.
Traditional birth attendants and their practices in the State of Pernambuco rural area, Brazil, 1996
Authors: Carvalho I , Chacham A.S , Viana P 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To obtain socioeconomic information about TBAs in the State of Pernambuco and information concerning their practices. Method: Statistical analysis of the answers to structured questionnaires applied to 127 TBAs. Results: The results of a survey with 127 TBAs conducted in the rural area of the State of Pernambuco (Brazil) is presented in this paper. TBAs in rural Pernambuco are a group of basically old and very poor and uneducated women. Most of them learned to attend births by themselves or by helping another TBA. Thirty percent learned midwifery in hospital delivery rooms, helping doctors and nurses. How the TBAs learned to help births seemed to be the most influential factor on the kind of practices they use. TBAs who learned from other TBAs from the community seem to have the least interventionist approach, followed by the TBAs who learned by themselves. They are more likely to perform more home births and avoid practices such as shaving the pubic hair, vaginal exams, artificial rupture of the membranes, episiotomy and early cord clamping. Conclusion: The way women learned midwifery is the most important determinant of their practice.
Pushing the frontiers of science: reflections on an Institute of Medicine study
Authors: Rosenfield Allan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA women‐centered contraceptive research agenda was the focus of a 1996 Institute of Medicine Committee report. Priority was given to research on methods that act as a chemical or physical barrier to conception and to STDs including HIV; to menses inducers and once‐per‐month methods; and to male contraceptive methods. Much progress has been made since the 1996 report. This paper summarizes this progress. New research has been developed in the three priority areas, collaboration activities have been developed between the public and private sectors, and emergency contraception has been introduced to the US. Controversies are discussed in relation to immunocontraception, stem cell research and fetal tissue research. Finally there is a brief report on the lessons to be learned from the experience of the introduction of the implant, Norplant, in the US.
Treatment of Mental Disorders in Psychiatric Services
Authors: Widlöcher D 
Published: July 2002

SummaryHealth care policies are subject to scientific and economic constraints. It is necessary to develop research and evaluation policies, particularly in mental health services. In the area of drug treatment, new methodologies in phase II studies, and a true research program of phase IV, are needed. Furthermore, evaluation of practices needs new scientific programs. This last point is also relevant for psychotherapies. Comparative studies about criteria of indications must be developed.
Dosimetric impact of using a commercial metal artifact reduction tool in carbon ion therapy in patients with hip prostheses
Authors: Zhao Jingfang , Wang Weiwei , Shahnaz Kambiz , Wu Xianwei , Mao Jingfang , Li Ping , Zhang Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study investigated the dosimetric impact of an iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) tool on carbon ion therapy for pelvic cancer patients with hip prostheses. An anthropomorphic pelvic phantom with unilateral and bilateral hip prostheses was used to simulate pelvic cancer patients with metal implants. The raw data obtained from phantom CT scanning were reconstructed with a regular filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm and then corrected with iMAR. The phantom without hip prosthesis was also scanned and used as a reference ground truth (GT). The CT images of three prostate and four sarcoma patients with unilateral hip prosthesis were also reconstructed by FBP and iMAR algorithm and compared. iMAR algorithm reduced the metal artifacts and the maximum WEPL deviation in phantom images from −19.1 to −0.4 mm. However, the CT numbers cannot be retrieved using iMAR for periprosthetic bone materials, eventually leading to a WEPL deviation of −3.6 mm. The use of iMAR improved large discrepancies in DVHs of PTVs and the gamma index between FBP and GT images but increased the difference in the bladder DVH for bilateral hip prostheses due to newly introduced artifacts. In the patient study, the discrepancies of dose distribution were small on iMAR images when compared with FBP images for most cases, except for two sarcoma cases where gamma analysis failed and dose coverage in 98% of the PTV maximally reduced due to large volume of dark metal artifacts. iMAR reduced the metal artifacts and improved dose distribution accuracy in carbon ion radiotherapy for pelvic cancer. However, the residual and newly introduced artifacts, especially with bilateral hip prostheses, may potentially increase WEPL inaccuracy and dose uncertainty. The use of iMAR has the potential to improve carbon ion treatment planning of pelvic cancer but should be used with caution.
Evaluation of deep learning for COVID‐19 diagnosis: Impact of image dataset organization
Authors: Kim Ga Young , Kim Jae Yong , Kim Chae Hyeon , Kim Sung Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread all over the world showing high transmissibility. Many studies have proposed diverse diagnostic methods based on deep learning using chest X‐ray images focusing on performance improvement. In reviewing them, this study noticed that evaluation results might be influenced by dataset organization. Therefore, this study identified whether the high‐performance values can prove the clinical application potential.MethodsThis study selected chest X‐ray image databases which have been widely applied in previous studies. One database includes images for COVID‐19, while the others consist of normal and pneumonia images. Then, the COVID‐19 classification model was designed and trained on diverse database compositions and evaluated using confusion matrix‐based metrics. Also, each database was analyzed by graphical representation methods.ResultsThe performance was significantly different according to dataset composition. Overall, higher performance was identified on the dataset organized with different databases for each class, compared with the dataset from same database. Also, there were significant differences in the image characteristics between different databases.ConclusionsThe experimental results indicate that model may be trained based on differences of the image characteristics between databases and not on lesion features. This shows that evaluation metrics can be influenced by dataset organization, and high metric values would not directly mean the potential for clinical application. These emphasize the importance of suitable dataset organization for applying COVID‐19 diagnosis methods to real clinical sites. Radiologists should sufficiently understand about this issue as actual user of these methods.
Long‐Lived Liquid Marbles for Green Applications
Authors: Saczek Joshua , Yao Xiaoxue , Zivkovic Vladimir , Mamlouk Mohamed , Wang Dan , Pramana Stevin S. , Wang Steven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLiquid marbles allow for quantities of various liquids to be encapsulated by hydrophobic particles, thus ensuring isolation from the external environment. The unique properties provided by this soft solid has allowed for use in a wide array of different applications. Liquid marbles do however have certain drawbacks, with lifetime and robustness often being limited. Within this review, particle characteristics that impact liquid marble stability are critically discussed, in addition to other factors, such as internal and external environments, that can be engineered to achieve a robust long‐lived liquid marble. New emerging applications, which will benefit from this improvement, are explored such as unconventional computing, cell mimicry, and soft lithography. Incorporation of liquid marbles and liquid crystal technologies shows promise in utilizing structural color for optical display applications, and within green and environmental applications, liquid marble technology is increasingly adapted for use in energy conversion, heavy metal recovery, CO2 capture, and oil removal.
High‐Performance Flow Alkali‐Al/Acid Hybrid Fuel Cell for High‐Rate H2 Generation
Authors: Zhang Mengtian , Li Hao , Cai Pingwei , Chen Kai , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrogen (H2) has been utilized as a versatile feedstock or promising energy carrier in a variety of fields, yet the implementation of high‐rate H2 production presents a grand challenge for its readily accessible application. Herein, a newly alkali‐Al/acid hybrid fuel cell (3AHFC) that shows the capability of rapidly producing H2 upon delivering a considerably high energy density is reported, which is set up by paring Al anode in alkaline anolyte with acidic catholyte and a relatively cheap nanohybrid of Ru nanoparticle decorating crumpled reduced graphene oxide (Ru/c‐rGO) as cathode catalysts. It is demonstrated that the 3AHFC can release a power density of up to 240.6 mW cm−2 with a Faradic efficiency of approaching 99% for fast H2 generation (300 mA cm−2). Such hybrid electrolyte H2‐generation fuel cell can also be extended for either seawater anolyte or metallic Mg anode, presenting great promise for the practice feasibility of on‐site H2 production for applications in tough or even extreme environments.
Electric Current Aligning Component Units during Graphene Fiber Joule Heating
Authors: Cheng Yi , Cui Guang , Liu Changhao , Liu Zhetong , Yan Longge , Liu Bingyao , Yuan Hao , Shi Pengcheng , Jiang Jun , Huang Kewen , Wang Kun , Cheng Shuting , Li Junliang , Gao Peng , Zhang Xinfang , Qi Yue , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractJoule heating is featured with an extremely high rising rate of temperature with hundreds of kelvin per second, which has shown superiorities of high efficiency and energy conservation in graphene fabrication. Herein, we design a dynamic joule heating system for continuous synthesis of graphene fibers with ultrashort high‐temperature (≈2000 °C), treating time (≈20 min), and low electric energy consumption (≈2000 kJ m−1). During the joule heating fabrication, the current flowing through the fibers can manipulate the configuration of graphene sheets, the basic component units of fiber, and induce their alignment. Theoretical simulations reveal that graphene sheets tend to rotate towards the current direction under the current induced electric field for the highest stability with the lowest electric free energy and zero rotation torque. Therefore, the electrical and mechanical performances of as‐fabricated graphene fibers can be further improved in comparison with thermally annealed graphene fibers without applying current.
Interfacial Nucleation Seeding for Electroluminescent Manipulation in Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shen Yang , Wu Hai‐Yan , Li Yan‐Qing , Shen Kong‐Chao , Gao Xingyu , Song Fei , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEfficient and stable blue emission of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is a requisite toward their potential applications in full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting. Rational manipulation over the entire electroluminescence process is promising to break the efficiency limit of blue PeLEDs. Herein, a facile device architecture is proposed to achieve efficient blue PeLEDs for simultaneously reducing the energetic loss during electron‐photon conversion and boosting the light outcoupling. Effective interfacial engineering is employed to manipulate the perovskite crystallization nucleation, enabling highly compact perovskite nanocrystal assemblies and suppressing the trap‐induced carrier losses by means of interfacial hydrogen bonding interactions. This strategy contributes to a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.8% for blue PeLEDs emitting at 486 nm as well as improved operational stability. Moreover, blue PeLEDs reach a peak EQE of 16.8% with the incorporation of internal outcoupling structures for waveguided light, which can be further raised to 27.5% by integrating a lens‐based structure for substrate‐mode light. These results verify the validity of this strategy in producing efficient and stable blue PeLEDs for practical applications.
Industry‐Scale and Environmentally Stable Ti3C2Tx MXene Based Film for Flexible Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Liao Leiping , Jiang Degang , Zheng Kun , Zhang Maozhuang , Liu Jingquan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMXenes, 2D transition metal carbides, and nitrides have attracted tremendous interest because of their metallic conductivity, solution processability, and excellent merits in energy storage and other applications. However, the pristine MXene films often suffer from poor ambient stability and mechanical properties that stem from their polar terminal groups and weak interlayer interactions. Here, a heteroatom doping strategy is developed to tailor the surface functionalities of MXene, followed by the addition of large‐sized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as conductive additives to achieve a scalable production of S, N‐MXene/rGO (SNMG‐40) hybrid film with high mechanical strength (≈45 MPa) and energy storage properties (698.5 F cm−3). Notably, the SNMG‐40 film also demonstrates long‐term cycling stability (≈98% capacitance retention after 30 000 cycles), which can be maintained under ambient condition or immersed in H2SO4 electrolyte for more than 100 days. The asymmetric supercapacitor (aMGSC) based on SNMG‐40 film shows an ultrahigh energy density of 22.3 Wh kg−1, which is much higher than those previously reported MXene‐based materials. Moreover, the aMGSC also provides excellent mechanical durability under different deformation conditions. Thus, this strategy makes MXene materials more competitive for real‐world applications such as flexible electronics and electromagnetic interference shielding.
An Activatable Probe with Aggregation‐Induced Emission for Detecting and Imaging Herbal Medicine Induced Liver Injury with Optoacoustic Imaging and NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Sun Lihe , Ouyang Juan , Ma Yunqing , Zeng Zhuo , Zeng Cheng , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhilte herbal medicines are widely used for health promotion and therapy for chronic conditions, inappropriate use of them may cause adverse effects like liver injury, and accurately evaluating their hepatotoxicity is of great significance for public health. Herein, an activatable probe QY‐N for diagnosing herbal‐medicine‐induced liver injury by detecting hepatic NO with NIR‐II fluorescence and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging is demonstrated. The probe includes a bismethoxyphenyl‐amine‐containing dihydroxanthene serving as electron donor, a quinolinium as electron acceptor, and a butylamine as recognition group and fluorescence quencher. The hepatic level of NO reacts with butylamine, thereby generating the activated probe QY‐NO which exhibits a red‐shifted absorption band (700–850 nm) for optoacoustic imaging and generates strong emission (910–1110 nm) for NIR‐II fluorescence imaging. QY‐NO is aggregation‐induced‐emission (AIE) active, which ensures strong emission in aggregated state. QY‐N is utilized in the triptolide‐induced liver injury mouse model, and experimental results demonstrate the QY‐N can be activated by hepatic NO and thus be used in detecting herbal‐medicine‐induced liver injury. The temporal and spatial information provided by three‐dimensional MSOT images well delineates the site and size of liver injury. Moreover, QY‐N has also been employed to monitor rehabilitation of liver injury during treatment process.
Heteroepitaxial β‐Ga2O3 on Conductive Ceramic Templates: Toward Ultrahigh Gain Deep‐Ultraviolet Photodetection
Authors: Alfaraj Nasir , Li Kuang‐Hui , Alawein Meshal , Kang Chun Hong , Braic Laurentiu , Zoita Nicolae Catalin , Kiss Adrian Emil , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the ultrahigh sensitivity and DUV photodetection capability of a hybrid oxide‐nitride stack comprising β‐Ga2O3 layers grown heterogeneously on a conductive ceramic crystal. The ceramic crystal, namely a TiN interlayer, which acts as a lattice template, was heteroepitaxially grown on bulk MgO. Because β‐Ga2O3 is a monoclinic phase crystal, it is conjectured that its nucleation and growth process on cubic phase TiN is entropic in nature, whereby the two unit cell configurations of the β‐Ga2O3 crystal, exhibiting rotational twin domains, grew alternately side by side in a semiperiodic manner on TiN while maintaining a single crystal phase. This film formation mechanism contributed to the introduction of additional defects in the β‐Ga2O3 lattice (Taylor's dislocations in addition to growth‐induced vacancies). The fabricated DUV photodetectors based on the resulting metal‐semiconductor junction heterodiodes exhibited an average peak spectral responsivity of 276.72 A W−1 and fast decay constants in the order of 500 ms in the ultraviolet‐C regime, with true solar‐blind characteristics manifested by ultraviolet‐to‐visible rejection ratios of up to 2 × 103 and illuminating power density of around 70 μW cm−2. The crystallographic orientation relationships between the TiN and β‐Ga2O3 crystals, as well as the lattice fit and dislocation types, are revealed and examined.
Physics and Applications of High‐β Micro‐ and Nanolasers
Authors: Deng Hui , Lippi Gian Luca , Mørk Jesper , Wiersig Jan , Reitzenstein Stephan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicro‐ and nanolasers are emerging optoelectronic components with many properties still to be explored and understood. On the one hand, they make it possible to address fundamental physical questions in the border area between classical physics and quantum physics, on the other hand, they open up new application perspectives in many areas of photonics. This progress report provides an overview of the exciting developments from conventional semiconductor lasers toward nanoscale lasers, whose function relies on increased light–matter interaction in low‐mode‐volume resonators and unconventional gain concepts. The latest advances in the physical understanding of light emission from high‐β lasers, in which a large part of the spontaneous emission is coupled into the laser mode, are highlighted. In the limit of β = 1, this leads to thresholdless lasing and it is shown that quantum optical characterization is required to fully explore the underlying emission processes. In addition, emerging nanolaser concepts based on Fano resonators, topological photonics, and 2D materials are presented. Open questions, future prospects, and application scenarios of high‐β lasers in integrated photonics, quantum nanophotonics, and neuromorphic computing are discussed.