bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans and comparison of their effects with antifungal drugs
Authors: Bafghi Mahdi Hosseini , Nazari Razieh , Darroudi Majid , Zargar Mohsen , Zarrinfar Hossein 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biosynthesis of nanoparticles can stand as a replacement for the available chemical and physical methods by offering new procedures as green syntheses that have proved to be simple, biocompatible, safe, and cost-effective. Considering how nanoparticles with a size of 1 to 100 nanometers contain unique physical and chemical properties, recent reports are indicative of observing the antifungal qualities of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). Recently, the observance of antifungal resistance towards different species of these fungi is often reported. Therefore, due to the antifungal effects of biological nanoparticles, this study aimed to investigate the exertion of these nanoparticles and evaluate their effects on the growth of fungal pathogens. Se-NPs were biosynthesized by the application of wet reduction method, which included specific concentrations of Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The presence of nanoparticles was confirmed by methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR analysis, and FESEM electron microscope that involved FESEM and EDAX diagram. The fungal strains were cultured in sabouraud dextrose agar medium to perform the sensitivity test based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method in duplicate. The utilization of Se-NPs at concentrations of 1 µg/ ml and below resulted in zero growth of fungal agents. However, their growth was inhibited by antifungal drugs at concentrations of 2 µg/ ml and higher. Based on the obtained results, biological nanoparticles produced by fungal agents at different concentrations exhibited favorable inhibitory effects on the growth of fungal strains.
Prognostic Nomogram for Percutaneous Balloon Compression in the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Liu Mingxing , Tang Siwei , Li Tong , Xu Zhiming , Li Shengli , Zhou Yong , Li Luo , Wang Weimin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Because of its convenience and safety, percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) has become a more popular remedy for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) recently. The objective of this study was to establish a nomogram that can be used to preoperatively prognosticate the likelihood of pain-free based on preoperative disease characteristics. Clinical data were collected from those TN cases who had undergone PBC during the period of 2015 and 2020 in Qingdao municipal hospital. We excluded the cases caused by space-occupying lesion or had undergone MVD, Percutaneous glycerol rhizotomy (PGR) and glycerol rhizotomy (GR). A nomogram was established based on the results of multivariable logistic analysis. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was applied to evaluate the reliability of models. The plotted decision curves were also used to assess the net benefit of nomogram-assisted decisions. Internal validation was performed using the ROC by bootstrap sampling. Finally, 16 cases and 69 cases were included into the ineffective and effective groups respectively. In the crude, adjust I and adjust II models, response to carbamazepine positively, the grade II or III compression severity score and classical TN type were all considered to be significant predictors of pain relief (BNI grades I-III) at 3 months follow-up. The AUC, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the nomogram system was 0.83, 0.85, 0.75, 0.87 respectively for predicting patient outcomes. The decision curves showed good performance for the nomogram system in terms of clinical application. While, more research with validation in multiple, external independent patient populations is needed.
Structural and Ultrastructural Morphological Evaluation of Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga Tridactyla) Prostate Gland
Authors: de Moura Fernanda B C , Sampaio Letícia H. T. S. , Kobayashi Priscila E. , Laufer-Amorim Renee , Ferreira João Carlos P. , Watanabe Tatiane T. N. , Fonseca-Alves Carlos E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a vulnerable species from Central and South Americas, that is considered possibly extinct in Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Uruguay. Due to the species conservations and reproduction’s importance, this research aimed to characterize the morphology, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural feature of the giant anteater prostate gland. For this, we collected 11 giant anteater prostate glands and performed macroscopic, morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis. Nine-prostate glands from adult and two from young subjects were studied. Grossly, the adult giant anteater prostate gland is divided in two distinct zones; the central zones composed mainly of ducts and the peripheral zones of acini formed by secretory cells. The secretory cells showed positive periodic acid–Schiff staining. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical characterization revealed a similar human prostate pattern, with p63 staining basal cells, UPIII superficial cells of prostatic urethra, AR expressing nucleus of secretory and stromal cells, and PSA staining prostatic epithelial cells. Overall, our research provided an indepth morphological description of the giant anteater prostate gland, providing a valuable information for futures studies focused on giant anteater conservation.
Risk of Death: The Death Experience of Persons Admitted to US Nursing Homes
Authors: Morris John N , Howard Elizabeth P , Egge Sabrina , Schachter Erez , Sjostrand Fredrick 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: An increase in both the complexity of nursing home case-mix and corresponding challenges faced by staff in planning for the care of these individuals are notable outcomes from the growth in residential and service alternatives. The purpose of this project was to identify, among long-term care nursing home residents, those personal characteristics that indicate one’s risk of dying and then summarize these items in a Risk of Death Scale. In addition, an assessment of how possible confounding facility-level characteristics might impact on the risk of death model was completed. Methods: The design of the study was a longitudinal analysis of a national cohort of US nursing home admissions from 2011 to 2012, followed over 2 years and a validation study using 2013 data The 2011-2012 sample included 1,536,842 nursing home admissions and the 2013 validation sample consisted of 769,148 admissions We based the Risk of Death Scale on resident characteristics. While it is based on death status at 12 months, we describe death rates under the model from one-month post-admission to two years post-admission. Results: The Risk of Death Scale has seventeen graded levels. The lowest four scale categories (0-3) represent half the cohort with one-year death rates from 2% to 13.8%, whereas the mean of the entire cohort is 24.1% at one year. The top nine categories represent approximately 9% and have one-year death rates ranging from 51.7% to 95.7%. Conclusions/Implications: The Risk of Death Scale includes a broad spectrum of 30 independent variables, including measures of prognosis, treatments, diagnoses, clinical status, function, cognitive status, and age.
An Umbra-related Virus Found in Vasconcellea X Heilbornii (Caricaceae)
Authors: Cornejo-Franco Juan F , Flores Francisco , Mollov Dimitre , quito-avila diego fernando 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The complete sequence of a new viral RNA from babaco (Vasconcellea x heilbornii) was determined. The genome consisted of 4,584 nucleotides organized in two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs 1 and 2), a 9-nt-long noncoding region (NCR) at the 5’ terminus and a 1,843 -nt-long NCR at the 3’ terminus. Sequence comparisons of ORF 2 revealed homology to the RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp) of several umbra- and umbra-related viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp placed the new virus in a well-supported and cohesive clade that includes umbra-like viruses reported from papaya, citrus, opuntia, maize and sugarcane hosts. This clade shares a most recent ancestor with the umbraviruses but has different genomic features. The creation of a new genus, within the Tombusviridae, is proposed for the classification of these novel viruses.
Fifteen-Year Survival Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Extending Into The Right Atrium Treated By Multidisciplinary Therapies Including Surgical Resection Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Case Report And Literature Review
Authors: Nishiwaki Yoshiro , Kusano Toshiomi , Hiraiwa Takane , Ozawa Takachika 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombus (TT) extending into the right atrium (RA) is rare, and most cases are at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. We report a case of HCC with TT in the RA (RATT) with 15-year survival.Case presentation: The patient was a 67-year-old man with a huge HCC with RATT. He developed edema of the lower extremities in November 2002. Then, a liver tumor 6.5 cm in diameter in hepatic segments 7 and 8 was identified by ultrasonography and computed tomography. Cavo-atrial thrombectomy was performed successfully using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with heparinization and cardiac arrest. After the thrombectomy, right hepatectomy was performed using the hanging maneuver. The right hepatic vein was transected, and the stump was closed with a running suture. The total operation time was 10  h 48 min, and the total blood loss was 7267  mL. The patient recovered uneventfully except for right pleural effusion, and he experienced no side effects related to CPB, such as immunosuppression or cerebral infarction. He was cancer-free for approximately 9 years after the surgery. A new lesion in the remnant liver was detected by magnetic resonance imaging in March 2012. He underwent six rounds of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, followed by sequential administration of sorafenib and sunitinib. Radiation therapy was administered to the remnant liver twice and to the spine after he was diagnosed with bone metastasis. Finally, the patient died 6 years after the recurrence. Conclusions: Cavo-atrial thrombectomy under CPB prior to hepatectomy for HCC with RATT can be performed safely to prevent major complications related to CPB. Our patient’s postoperative clinical course followed by multidisciplinary therapies led to an approximately 15-year survival.
Rhodobacter ruber sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater pond
Authors: Chen Wen-Ming , Chang Ting-Hsuan , Sheu Der-Shyan , Jheng Li-Cheng , Sheu Shih-Yi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Strain CCP-1T, isolated from a freshwater pond in Taiwan, is characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Cells of strain CCP-1T are Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and form dark red colored colonies. Growth occurs at 20–40 oC, at pH 6.5-9 and with 0-0.5% NaCl. Strain CCP-1T contains bacteriochlorophyll a, and shows optimum growth under anaerobic condition by photoheterotrophy, but not by photoautotrophy. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicates that strain CCP-1T is closely related to species within the genus Rhodobacter (93.9–96.2% sequence similarity), Haematobacter (96.3%) and Xinfangfangia (95.5–96.2%). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and based on up-to-date bacterial core gene set (92 protein clusters) reveal that strain CCP-1T is affiliated with species in the genus Rhodobacter. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization identity between strain CCP-1T and Rhodobacter species are 71.3–76.3%, 70.4–77.9% and 21.4–23.2%, respectively, supporting that strain CCP-1T is a novel species of the genus Rhodobacter. The DNA G + C content is 66.2%. The predominant fatty acid is C18:1ω7c and the major isoprenoid quinone is Q-10. The polar lipids have phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two uncharacterized aminophospholipids and two uncharacterized phospholipids. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties and phylogenetic inference, strain CCP-1T should represent a novel species of the genus Rhodobacter, for which the name Rhodobacter ruber sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CCP-1T (= BCRC 81189T = LMG 31335T).
Preterm Birth is Associated with Reduction of Maternal Telomere Length During Pregnancy
Authors: Sarkar Soumi , Godara Karishma , Sarkar Sumanta , Ghosh Shekhar , Maity Arpita , Team GARBH-Ini , Sindhu Brahmdeep , Bhatnagar Shinjini ,   Partha P Majumder1, Wadhwa Nitya , Maitra Arindam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

BackgroundDevelopment of methods to detect risk of preterm birth in pregnant women can result in reduction in occurrence of preterm birth. Our objective was to undertake a longitudinal study to investigate the association of telomere length shortening in peripheral blood DNA of women during pregnancy with preterm birth.MethodsTelomere length reduction in peripheral blood DNA was measured at two time points by Real Time PCR in pregnant women enrolled in a large prospective cohort (GARBH-Ini) in Gurugram, India. Out of 248 women who participated in this study, 60 mothers delivered preterm while 188 mothers delivered at term. ResultsTelomere length was found to be significantly reduced in preterm birth delivering mothers compared to those who delivered at term at less than 20 weeks (p=0.02) and at 26-28 weeks (p=0.84 x 10-15) of pregnancy. Predictive modelling by binary logistic regression analysis revealed that reduction of telomere length (T/S ratio) at 26-28 weeks was found to be significantly (p=7.7181 x 10-06) associated with enhanced risk of preterm birth. A mean odds ratio of 8.4 was found for association of T/S ratio with preterm birth outcome. There was no significant difference in maternal age between the mothers who delivered preterm and those who delivered at term. ConclusionsOur preliminary results indicate that telomere length reduction in maternal peripheral blood DNA might be a potential indicator of risk of preterm delivery.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Salvadora Oleoides Decne: An Evergreen Dry Land Fruit Tree of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Upendra Juleri M , Nair Shari , Rao Satyawada R , Dagla Harchand R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Genetic diversity of Salvadora oleoides Decne is analyzed by cumulative data of 10 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), 10 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and 7 Intron Splice Junction (ISJ) markers. The plant is an evergreen fruit tree and well distributed in semi-arid and sub-humid climatic conditions of Rajasthan, India. RAPD, ISSR and ISJ primers accounted for 84.4%, 85.3%, 85.9% polymorphism. Average 0.23 PIC is accounted for RAPD, ISSR and ISJ primers. The genetic similarity ranged between 0.42-0.89. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher variation (73%) at intra-population than inter-population (27%) level. Genetic distances based on Un-weighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) is correlated with physical distances or climatic conditions of Salvadora oleoides Decne in a semi-arid and sub-humid environment of Rajasthan. The present investigation may help in the understanding of gene flow systems between physical distances and environmental heterogeneity of the populations for better management of Salvadora oleoides Decne in the region.
Peripheral and lung resident T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Grau-Expósito Judith , Sánchez-Gaona Nerea , Massana Núria , Suppi Marina , Astorga-Gamaza Antonio , Perea David , Rosado Joel , Falcó Anna , Kirkegaard Cristina , Domingo Ariadna Torrella , Planas Bibiana , Navarro Jordi , Suanzes Paula , Sierra Daniel Alvarez-de la , Ayora Alfonso , Sansano Irene , Esperalba Juliana , Andres Cristina , Anton Andres , Cajal Santiago Ramon y , Almirante Benito , Pujol-Borell Ricardo , Falcó Vicenç , Burgos Joaquin , Buzon Maria J , Genescà Meritxell 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Considering that SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the host at the respiratory tract mucosal interface, T cells strategically placed within these surfaces, namely resident memory T cells, will be essential to limit viral spread and disease. Importantly, these cells are mostly non-recirculating, which reduces the window of opportunity to examine circulating lymphocytes in blood as they home to the lung parenchyma. Here, we demonstrate that viral specific T cells can migrate and establish in the lung as resident memory T cells remaining detectable up to 10 months after initial infection. Moreover, focusing on the acute phase of the infection, we identified virus-specific T cell responses in blood with functional, migratory and apoptotic patterns modulated by viral proteins and associated with clinical outcome. Our study highlights IL-10 secretion by virus-specific T cells associated to a better outcome and the persistence of resident memory T cells as key players for future protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A systematic genome-wide mapping of oncogenic mutation selection during CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing
Authors: Sinha Sanju , Guerra Karina , Cheng Kuoyuan , Leiserson Mark , Jain Prashant , Deshpande Anagha , Wilson David , Ryan Brid , Luo Ji , Ronai Ze'ev , Lee Joo , Deshpande Aniruddha , Ruppin Eytan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent studies have reported that genome editing by CRISPR–Cas9 induces a DNA damage response mediated by p53 in primary cells hampering their growth. This could lead to a selection of cells with pre-existing p53 mutations. In this study, employing an integrated computational and experimental framework, we systematically investigated the possibility of selection of additional cancer driver mutations during CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. We first confirm the previous findings of the selection for pre-existing p53 mutations by CRISPR-Cas9. We next demonstrate that similar to p53, wildtype KRAS may also hamper the growth of Cas9-edited cells, potentially conferring a selective advantage to pre-existing KRAS-mutant cells. These selective effects are widespread, extending across cell-types and methods of CRISPR-Cas9 delivery and the strength of selection depends on the sgRNA sequence and the gene being edited. The selection for pre-existing p53 or KRAS mutations may confound CRISPR-Cas9 screens in cancer cells and more importantly, calls for monitoring patients undergoing CRISPR-Cas9-based editing for clinical therapeutics for pre-existing p53 and KRAS mutations.
Spinal astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle contributes to the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide/PAC1 receptor-induced nociceptive behaviors in mice
Authors: Kambe Yuki , Yokai Masafumi , Takasaki Ichiro , Kurihara Takashi , Miyata Atsuro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We have previously showed that spinal pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)/PACAP type 1 (PAC1) receptor signaling triggered long-lasting nociceptive behaviors through astroglial activation in mice. Since astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) could be essential for long-term synaptic facilitation, we aimed to elucidate a possible involvement of spinal ANLS in the development of the PACAP/PAC1 receptor-induced nociceptive behaviors. A single intrathecal administration of PACAP induced short-term spontaneous aversive behaviors, followed by long-lasting mechanical allodynia in mice. These nociceptive behaviors were inhibited by 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol (DAB), an inhibitor of glycogenolysis, and this inhibition was reversed by simultaneous L-lactate application. In the cultured spinal astrocytes, the PACAP-evoked glycogenolysis and lactate secretion were inhibited by DAB. In addition, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor attenuated the PACAP-induced nociceptive behaviors as well as the PACAP-evoked glycogenolysis and lactate secretion. Finally, an inhibitor for the monocarboxylate transporters blocked the lactate secretion from the spinal astrocytes and inhibited the PACAP- and spinal nerve ligation-induced nociceptive behaviors. These results suggested that spinal PAC1 receptor-PKC-ANLS signaling contributed to the PACAP-induced nociceptive behaviors. This signaling system could be involved in the peripheral nerve injury-induced pain-like behaviors.
P-Wave Duration and Dispersion in Patients with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Fu Wenxia , Le Jiawei , Wei Xijin , chen lixiu , Li Wenzhao , Li Ruogu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Mitral stenosis (MS) is related to prolonged inter- and intra-atrial electromechanical delays and increased P-wave dispersion. The objective of the current study was to investigate the correlation between the P-wave duration, P-wave dispersion (PWD), mitral stenosis (MS) and to explore the cut-off values for predicting the MS in the patients.Methods: We enrolled 62 patients with MS and sinus rhythm as test group, and 62 healthy subjects matched in age- and sex- were selected as control group. We conducted the 12-lead electrocardiogram and echocardiography for all the subjects. The maximum and the minimum P-wave duration and PWD were calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to demonstrate the correlation between P-wave duration and PWD and MS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to detect the threshold of P-wave duration and PWD for predicting the MS.Results: There were significant differences in the left atrial diameter (45.00±5.78 vs. 32.31±4.24 cm2), pulmonary artery pressure (46.68±17.29 vs. 32.64±2.86 mm Hg), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (47.57±4.80 vs. 45.58±5.04 cm), ejection fraction (63.10±3.05 vs. 65.13±2.56%), aortic root inside diameter (29.60±3.50 vs. 31.58±3.58) and pulmonary trunk (24.17±2.78 vs. 22.23±1.77) values between the test group and the control group. Besides, the test subjects had significantly longer maximum P-wave duration (123.42±12.33 vs. 108.18±9.07) and larger P-wave dispersion (47.24±13.61 vs. 28.94±9.19). In the multivariate analysis, maximum P-wave duration (OR:1.221, 95% CI:1.126-1.324) and P-wave dispersion (OR:1.164, 95% CI:1.094-1.238) were correlated with the occurrence of MS. The optimal threshold for the maximum P-wave duration and PWD were 119.50ms, and 42.50ms, respectively, and the areas under the curve were 0.859 and 0.865, respectively. Conclusions: A longer P-wave duration and a higher PWD are correlated with the increased risk of MS progression.