bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Aspects and Seasonal Variation of Meningitis in Egyptian Patients: a Single-Center Study at Abbassia Fever Hospital from 2006 to May 2017
Authors: Ibrahim Amany Ahmed , Abdelhakam Sara Mahmoud , AlBalakosy Amira Mahmoud , Hussein Amr Mahmoud 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
As a result of dangerous complications caused by Meningitis, early recognition, and rapid starting of therapy is very important.

Objectives
To have an epidemiological profile of patients admitted with meningitis to Abbassia Fever Hospital from year 2006 to May 2017.

Patients and methods
Meningitis Have a seasonal variations. And this study was done to achieve an epidemiological profile of patients admitted with meningitis to Abbassia Fever Hospital from January 2006 to May 2017. Our study was conducted as retrospective descriptive study at Abbassia Fever Hospital from January 2006 to May 2017. on all of patients admitted to Abbassia Fever Hospital by using data Extraction Sheet.

Results
Meningitis was more common in Adult age group 60.8%. Meningitis was more common in males 64.4%. More common in Cairo 60.1%. in Cairo it is more common in Nasr city 8.8%. Seasonal variation of meningitis cases was demonstrated in this study with the highest incidence in winter and Spring. The most common symptom of meningitic patients were fever 89.2% followed by convulsions 12.1%, vomiting 10.% and then Headache 7.8% The most common sign in meningitic patients were neck rigidity in 66%, Kernig’s sign in 60%, and Brudizinski’s sign in 40% of patients. Patient of meningitis had convulsions 18.6% and DCL 30.4%, the convulsion and DCL are related to ICU admission. 30.1% of patients of meningitis admitted to ICU.

Conclusion
Meningitis is more common in males, more common in Cairo.in Cairo it is more common in Nasr city. Meningitis has a seasonal variation commonly, in winter and Spring.
Accuracy of Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration In Sampling Of Pancreatic & Gastrointestinal Lesions Using Capillary Versus Suction Technique
Authors: Dabbous Hany M , El-Gemeie Emad E , Okasha Hussein H , Fan Zhining , Zaky Doaa Z , Khaskia Mohammad Almohamady 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Endosonography (EUS) evolved from purely diagnostic imaging modality to be a method that allows tissue acquisition and therapeutic intervention. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) permits cytological confirmation of imaging findings and is performed with high sensitivity and specificity in addition to low incidence of adverse events. Standard EUS-FNA involve use of either no-suction or suction techniques. New sampling technique; capillary (stylet slow-pull) technique, involves slow withdrawal of the stylet creating a small negative pressure.

Aim of the work
The aim of this study is to compare the quality of samples acquired by capillary technique versus suction technique using 22-gauge needles.

Patients and methods
Patients referred for EUS-FNA for upper gastrointestinal lesions (pancreatic or luminal) were included in the study. Each lesion was sampled twice, the first was taken using suction technique (applying negative pressure suction using standard 10 ml syringe) while the second one by capillary (stylet slow-pull) technique. After sample processing and staining, cytopathologist reviewed the material blinded to the technique used. The quality of samples was assessed regarding 3 aspects; cellularity, sample contamination by blood or mucosal cells.

Results
A total of 51 patients (37/14 males/females, mean age 55.4) referred for EUSFNA were included. Cytological diagnosis was: pancreatic adenocarcinoma in 38/51 (74.51%), Gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 4/51 (7.84%), inconclusive result in 3/51 (5.88%), the rest were solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, Serous cystic neoplasm, Mucinous cystic neoplasm, inflammatory lesions (papillitis, pancreatitis) and metastatic lesion 1 patient for each (1.96%). The sample cellularity score showed no statistically significant difference between both sampling techniques (P = 0.18). Blood contamination score was significantly lower in the capillary technique (P &lt; 0.0001) indicating more blood contamination in suction technique samples.

Conclusion
Both techniques provided comparable diagnostic performance. However, capillary technique showed less sample contamination by blood cells resulting in a slightly better-quality sample.
Evaluation of Lumbar Fusion in Recurrent Disc Prolapse
Authors: Elmor Mohammed Hawary , Hemida Salah Abd Elkhalek , Hammad Omar Yousef , Mostafa Hazem Ahmad , Hamada Salah Mostafa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Recurrent disc herniation is the most common cause of reoperation after the primary disc surgery, The management of recurrent disc herniation remains somewhat controversial. Surgical treatment for recurrent disk herniation can be broadly categorized as revision discectomy alone or revision discectomy and fusion or percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy.

Aim of the work
to evaluate and compare the therapeutic effect between different modalities of treatment of the recurrent lumbar disc protrusion (RLDP) through 3 groups: (1) First group treated by conventional discectomy. (2) Second group treated by discectomy and lumbar fusion either by PLF, PLIF or TLIF. (3) Third group treated by percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy.

Patients and methods
It is a prospective cohort study performed between January 2012 and April 2017 on 150 patients complained of recurrent lumbar disc herniation. They were surgically treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, Ain Shams University Hospitals. All patients are evaluated clinically by VAS, JOA and Oswestry disability index (ODI) through follow up period of 2 years (one month, 6 months, 1 yr, 2 yrs). They were divided into 3 groups (I&II and III) each group was a fifty patients

Results
the mean overall recovery rate is 89%, comparison between the three groups showed significant improvement of the endoscopic group and fixation group than simple discectomy group in term of VAS LBP, leg pain , JOA and ODI. Intraoperative blood loss, length of operation and hospital stay were significant less in endoscopic group than fixation and simple discectomy group

CONCLUSION
Recurrent lumbar disc prolapse management is a controversial issue, there are different surgical modalities (either by open discectomy, discectomy and fixation or Percutaneous interlaminar lumbar discectomy PEILD) although those surgical modalities are successful the PEILD is the optional choice that offers less tissue trauma, rapid recovery, less cost effect and early return to work
Evaluation of Vertebral derotation in the correction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Emara Essam A , Taha Hossam S , AbdelGhany Walid A , AbouZeid Ahmed H , Yusuf Mohammad A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) represents a complex three-dimensional deformity. The rotation of the apical vertebrae is primarily responsible for the rib hump that represents the main cosmetic problem for adolescent patients. Correcting rotational deformity and maintaining the normal sagittal profile of the spine is more important than onlycorrecting coronal deformity.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the efficacy of vertebral derotation using Single Concave Rod Rotation (SCRR) maneuver in the treatment of patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) by clinical and radiological follow up for 1 year.

Patients and Methods
This prospective analysis was done on 30 patients with AIS, who underwent one stage posterior only corrective surgery with SCRR maneuver between 2016 and 2019 at Ain Shams University Hospitals in order to correct their deformities. All patients included in this study had idiopathic curve between 40 and 80 degrees, with flexibility index &lt; 50%, and their ages were between 10 and skeletal maturity.

Results
Compared to the results obtained by other studies using the same technique, our study included patients with relatively large curve magnitude and the lowest flexibility index, had average coronal correction rate by about 65.5% and minimal correction loss during follow up (-1°). Furthermore, our study included the largest mean preoperative RA. The axial correction rate was average (32.7%) and has the lowest complication rate and better clinical outcome and patient satisfaction among other studies that used SCRR maneuver. However, the mean operating time in our series in the present study was longer than the mean operating time in the literature. The mean amount of blood loss in our study was more than the mean amount in other studies.

Conclusion
Simple concave rod rotation is a good option for correction of the deformed curve in AIS. We can state that simple concave rod rotation with pedicle screw instrumentation and without the use of DVD maneuver could successfully correct both coronal and axial deformity with minimal complication. Adding DVD technique offers a better correction of apical vertebra rotation.
Evaluation of Trans-laminar Facet Screw for Lumbar Spine Fixation and Fusion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hammad Omar Y , Hamada Salah M , Ismaiel Ibrahim A , El-Etr Walid B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Translaminar facet screws are an excellent solution for stabilization of the vertebral motion. It is simple, does not require any specialized equipment, and has the advantages of being a procedure of lesser magnitude, lesser operative time and few complication rate. Recently there is growing interest in this technique to augment the anterior lumbar fusions to achieve global fusion less invasively.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the role of translaminar facet screw in lumber fixation and fusion inclusion different techniques of translaminar facet screw fixation, its advantages and disadvantages. Methodology: This systematic review included a discussion of all available studies meeting the eligible criteria including: well conducted descriptive studies, cohort, articles, accepted manuscripts, clinical trials, analytic studies and the literature of reviews, technical notes.

Results
The small volume of the metal in comparison with pedicle screw constructs provides faster patient recovery and reduce the rate of infection and also provide an adequate area for placement of bone grafts. The low cost of the implants is an added advantage in view of the rising costs of health care.

Conclusion
Translaminar facet screw fixation is feasible, cheaper and effective in lumbar fixation. The technique is not demanding as transpedicular screw with easier learning curve.
Incidence of Primary Punctal Stenosis in Adult Patients with Epiphora
Authors: Elwan Sheriff , Nada Ossama Tarek , Madbouli Eman Mohamed Salah Eldeen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Punctal stenosis is one of the etiologies of epiphora, which is caused by an anatomical narrowing or occlusion of the external opening of the lacrimal canaliculi. Punctal stenosis is graded according to punctal sizes examined under slit-lamp biomicroscopy into grade 0 (could not find papilla and punctum), grade 1: Papilla is covered by a membrane (exudative or true membrane), grade 2: Smaller than normal size but recognizable, grade 3: normal, grade 4: Small slit (&lt;2 mm) and grade 5: Large slit (&gt;2 mm).

Objective
To assess the incidence of punctal stenosis in adult patients with epiphora attending outpatient’s ophthalmology clinic at Ain Shams University Hospital during the months of January and February 2020.

Patients and Methods
This is an observational study, conducted at the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic, Ophthalmology Department, Ain Shams University, using non-probability (convenience) sample. It included all patients above 18 years old who presented to the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic during the months of January and February 2020 with tearing, proved to be epiphora on clinical examination.

Results
Thirty one patients, out of 1800 patients attending the Outpatient Ophthalmology Clinic during the study period had epiphora with incidence of 1.6 %. Incidence of punctal stenosis was reported to be 68.4%. Other reported causes of epiphora were: Canaliculitis (3.5%), chronic dacrocystitis (5.3%), lacrimal sac mucocele (1.8%) and lower lid laxity (21.1%). Punctal stenosis was more common in females (61.5%) with mean age 58.55 years ± 11.67 SD. Punctal stenosis usually presented as bilateral (93.3%). Regarding ocular history 41% of cases were on topical anti glaucoma treatments. Most patients were medically free (54%).

Conclusion
Incidence of epiphora was 1.6% out of patients attending ASU Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic. Punctal stenosis incidence was reported to be 68.4%. Most of the cases were females, above 63 years, grade one was the most common, with significant association with the long term use of topical anti-glaucoma medications.
Comparison of Intraocular Pressure before and after Laser in Situ Keratomileusis Measured with Applanation Tonometry, Non Contact Tonometry and Rebound Tonometry
Authors: Gaber Fatma Gebreel Ahmed , El- Raggal Tamer Mohamed , Metwally Mohamed Gamil , Abdelmonsef Ebeid Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) plays a central role throughout ophthalmology. It is part of routine ophthalmologic examinations and important in the management and follow-up of patients with glaucoma. While elevated IOP remains the most important risk factor for development and progression of open angle glaucoma, at least half of the population diagnosed with open angle glaucoma is asymptomatic.

Objectives
The aim of our study is to compare the accuracy of intraocular pressure measurement before and after Laser in situ keratomeulsis (LASIK) surgery using three different types of Tonometers: Goldmann Applanation tonometry (GAT), Non contact tonometry (NCT) and Rebound tonometry (I care), considering the change in the central corneal thickness (CCT).

Patients and Methods
In this study Eighty eyes of 40 patients with mean age of 27.00±6.00 years were scheduled for LASIK..Central corneal thickness before and after surgery was obtained by Ultrasound (US) pachymetry.IOP values were measured before and after surgery using three different types of Tonometers: Goldmann Applanation tonometry, Non contact tonometry and Rebound tonometry.

Results
The results revealed that lower post-operative IOP measurements using all techniques. The least affected technique was Non –contact with IOP change 16%, followed by GAT with IOP change 18%, and finally Rebound with IOP change 19 %, respectively. The percentage of change in CCT between pre- and post- LASIK surgery measured with the Ultrasound pachymetry was statistically highly significant. There was a clinical significant correlation between Percentage of tissue ablation (PTA) and IOP change for GAT, NCT and rebound tonometry. Also, there was a significant correlation between Residual stromal bed (RSB) and IOP change for GAT and NCT. There was no clinical significant correlation between Ablation depth (AD) and percentage of change of IOP measurements pre and post LASIK, except for IOP measured with GAT when AD &lt; 40.00 µm.

Conclusion
Refractive surgery causes significant lowering of IOP as measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry, non contact tonometry and rebound tonometry. The least affected tonometry post LASIK is non contact tonometry. The reduction was correlated to the percentage of tissue ablated. The ideal method to measure IOP in post-LASIK patients would be a device that is free of corneal factors.
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Different Laser Techniques on the Choroidal Thickness
Authors: Haliem Youssef Islam Naief Abdel , El-Said Gaafar Ayman Abd EL-Moneim , Gaber Salman Abd El-Rahman , El-Shinawy Reham Fawzy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Retinopathy is a common and specific microvascular complication of diabetes. Clinical and experimental findings suggested that choroidal vasculopathy in diabetes may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) can analyze choroidal structure and histopathological changes in diabetes.

Purpose
To compare choroidal thickness (CT) before and after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), modified grid laser (MGP) and combined (panretinal photocoagulation & modified gird laser) using SD-OCT.

Design
Comparative prospective non-randomized case study, included 30 eyes of 30 patients from both sexes aging from 15 to 60 years. All patients were from Ain-Shams University Hospitals outpatient clinics. Patients were divided into 3 equal groups:

Group A
Patients with PDR underwent PRP, Group B: Patients with macular edema (ME) underwent MGP, Group C: Patients with PDR&ME underwent combined (PRP & MGP). All cases underwent SD-OCT with CT measurement before and at 1 & 3 Mns after laser therapy with assessment of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Results
Mean age of participant was 50.83 ± 5.34 (SD). The mean CT in group A at baseline was 329.00 ± 36.08 μm (SD). This was increased to 336.40 ± 35.64 μm at 1 month then was decreased to 309.10 ± 38.87 μm at 3 Mns after laser therapy. This was showed highly statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.000). In group B the CT at baseline was 328.90 ± 19.69 μm. This was decreased to 313.90 ± 17.83 μm & 288.90 ± 23.10 μm after 1 & 3 months respectively with highly statistically significant difference
(P-value = 0.000). While in group C the mean CT at baseline 329.80 ± 21.06 μm. This was decreased to 318.10 ± 19.25 μm, 300.40 ± 17.98 μm at 1 & 3 months after combined laser respectively. This was showed highly statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding preoperative and postoperative (after 1&3 Mns) CT. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the studied groups regarding preoperative BCVA (P-value = 0.437). While P-value showing highly statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding postoperative BCVA (P-value = 0.000).

Conclusion
The Choroidal thickness decreased in all 3 studied groups; suggesting that all laser techniques may reduce choroidal vascular permeability or cause atrophy of choroidal vessels over a 12-week period.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Acute of Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Ibrahim Karim Ahmed Hussein , Aleem Mohamed Ahmed Abd Al 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is divided into arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION) which accounts for 15% and Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) which accounts for 85% of cases. Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is an ischemic change involves the 1 mm thickness of the optic nerve head (optic disc). It affects around 10 cases per 100,000 per year in the age group over 50.

Objective
To assess the optical coherence tomography angiography peripapillary area pattern in diagnosed non-arteritic acute ischemic optic neuropathy patients within a period from one week to 3 weeks during (acute stage while the disc is still edematous) of acute painless diminution of vision.

Patients and Methods
We enrolled 20 patients in cases group and 10 patients in control group were enrolled to assess the OCTA peripapillary area pattern in diagnosed NAAION patients within a period from one week to 3 weeks during (acute stage while the disc is still edematous) of acute painless diminution of vision compared to the pattern seen in the normal control group OCTA, FFA and VF (centralized 30-2 SITA strategy) were done to the cases group. But FFA and VF were excluded in the control group.

Results
The results of our study show statistically significant difference found between the two studied groups regarding central circle perfusion density, middle circle perfusion density (superior, inferior and nasal) and outer circle perfusion density (superior and temporal) while no statistically significant difference found between them regarding middle circle (temporal) and outer circle (inferior and nasal).

Conclusion
So according to this study in cases of NAION (acute stage), we can depend on perfusion density within the middle and outer circle of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid put on the disc and peripapillary area. As, these are the areas affected by decreased perfusion density. While, there is increased perfusion density within the central and middle circles, which could be due to, diffuse disc edema.
CYP1B1 Gene Mutation Impact on Prognosis of Primary Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Mohammad Noha S , Rashad Saad M , el Maamoun Tarek A , Zaki Osama K , Mohamed Thanaa H , Fawzy Samah M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a leading cause of childhood blindness in Egypt. The discovery of the underlying genetic causes has led to far greater understanding of disease mechanisms. Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1(CYP1B1) gene mutations usually inherited in an autosomal recessive manner are one of the major etiologies behind PCG. Gene screening aids early diagnosis of PCG which is a key factor in managing and preventing blindness from the disease.

Aim
This study aims to screen for CYP1B1gene mutations in PCG patients and study its possible impact on surgical outcome of PCG.

Methods
Twenty-four PCG patients enrolled in this study underwent trabeculotomy, and were followed up at a 3 month interval for a year. Patients’ demographic details were recorded, and their genomic DNA was screened for CYP1B1 mutations. Genotypic impact on surgical outcome was compared between the group of patients who harbored mutations and the group unsolved with mutations.

Results
Six different disease causing CYP1B1 mutations were identified in 13 (54.17 %) of affected patients who exhibited more surgical failure at the last follow up visit.

Conclusion
This study further endorses CYP1B1 mutations as a possible etiological and prognostic factor for PCG.