bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercode Regular Languages
Authors: Han Yo-Sub , Salomaa Kai , Wood Derick 
Published: December 2024

Intercodes are a generalization of comma-free codes. Using the structural properties of finite-state automata recognizing an intercode we develop a polynomial-time algorithm for determining whether or not a given regular language L is an intercode. If the answer is yes, our algorithm yields also the smallest index k such that L is a k-intercode. Furthermore, we examine the prime intercode decomposition of intercode regular languages and design an algorithm for the intercode primality test of an intercode recognized by a finite-state automaton. We also propose an algorithm that computes the prime intercode decomposition of an intercode regular language in polynomial time. Finally, we demonstrate that the prime intercode decomposition need not be unique.
How to Compute Times of Random Walks Based Distributed Algorithms
Authors: Bui Alain , Sohier Devan 
Published: December 2024

Random walk based distributed algorithms make use of a token that circulates in the system according to a random walk scheme to achieve their goal. To study their efficiency and compare it to one of the deterministic solutions, one is led to compute certain quantities, namely the hitting times and the cover time. Until now, only bounds on these quantities were known. First, this paper presents two generalizations of the notions of hitting and cover times to weighted graphs. Indeed, the properties of random walks on symmetrically weighted graphs provide interesting results on random walk based distributed algorithms, such as local load balancing. Both of these generalizations are proposed to precisely represent the behaviour of these algorithms, and to take into account what the weights represent. Then, we propose an algorithm to compute the n^2 hitting times on a weighted graph of n vertices, which we improve to obtain a O( n^3 ) complexity. This complexity is the lowest up to now. This algorithm computes both of the generalizations that we propose for the hitting times on a weighted graph. Finally, we provide the first algorithm to compute the cover time (in both senses) of a graph. We improve it to achieve a complexity of O( n^32^n ). The algorithms that we present are all robust to a topological change in a limited number of edges. This property allows us to use them on dynamic graphs.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG MELALUI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAPAN JURANG PADA SISWA KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hadun Fitra , Anwar Herson , Huljannah Miftha 
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan data lapangan dan wawancara kepada guru kelas II SDN 21 Limboto yang menyatakan bahwa masih banyak peserta didik kesulitan dalam mengitung penjumlahan dan pengurangan bersusun. Salah satu faktor penyebab dari masalah ini adalah karena kurangnya penggunaan media pembelajaran dan proses pembelajaran dilakukan secara monoton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan dan pengurangan bersusun peserta didik melalui penggunaan media pembelajaran papan jurang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 19 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi observasi untuk kegiatan guru dan siswa, soal tes kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan dan pengurangan bersusun, dan wawancara untuk mengetahui respon peserta didik terhadap media pembelajaran yang telah dilaksanakan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan dan pengurangan bersusun peserta didik kelas II SDN 21 Limboto saat pra siklus adalah sangat rendah yakni 0%. Pada siklus 1 terjadi peningkatan kemampuan peserta didik yakni 47,3%. Pada siklus 2 terjadi peningkatan kemampuan yang baik sekali yakni 84,2%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan media pembelajaran papan jurang (penjumlahan dan pengurangan) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan dan pengurangan bersusun pada peserta didik kelas II SDN 21 Limboto.
Empowering Vocational Students: Teaching Informatics and Computer Skills at SMK Santo Gabriel Maumere
Authors: Jeja Francis Assisi , Islamiyah Mufidatul 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To develop effective teaching strategies that keep up with technological advancements and meet student needs, ensuring they gain practical and comprehensive knowledge in informatics and computers. These strategies aim to equip students with the skills and knowledge needed for academic success and future careers in technology.
Method: This study uses a student-centered approach, focusing on teacher-student interaction and the use of technology in teaching. Data is collected through student feedback on teaching methods and interviews with teachers and staff. The data is analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of informatics and computer teaching at SMK Santo Gabriel Maumere.
Practical Application: Provide guidance for teachers at SMK Santo Gabriel Maumere to improve the effectiveness of informatics and computer teaching. With better teaching methods, teachers can create more engaging and interactive strategies, helping students better understand technology.
Conclusion: The teaching methods for informatics and computers at SMK Santo Gabriel Maumere need improvement for better results. Combining qualitative and quantitative evaluations offers valuable insights into teaching performance and guides future curriculum development.
Analysis of the influence of comorbid pathology on the development of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in primary osteoarthritis
Authors: Halabitska I. M. , Babinets L. S. 
Published: December 2024

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a polyetiological pathogenetic syndrome associated with numerous diseases of the pancreas and other organs (of gastroduodenal and hepatobiliary systems, etc.). Recent studies indicate a developing interest in osteoarthritis (OA) comorbidities. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms of the risk of developing EPI in comorbid diseases among OA patients have not been adequately investigated.
The aim of the study is to analyze the influence of comorbid pathology on the onset and development of EPI in patients with primary OA.
Materials and methods. We examined 304 patients with primary OA who had comorbid EPI-associated diseases without exacerbation. According to the type of comorbid pathology associated with EPI, all patients were divided into five categories that were analogous in terms of clinical and gender criteria, the severity of primary OA, and the treatment received: Group 1 (n=62) — patients with OA without comorbid pathology; Group 2 (n=59) — patients with OA in comorbidity with chronic pancreatitis; Group 3 (n=60) — patients with OA in comorbidity with diseases of the biliary system with EPI; Group 4 (n=61) — patients with OA and chronic gastritis and duodenitis; Group 5 (n=62) — patients with OA and diabetes mellitus type 2.
Results. The percentage differences in the content of fecal α-elastase in the experimental groups of patients with primary OA were compared to that in the control group: the value of the percentage difference in the content of fecal α-elastase was 5.47% lower in Group 2 compared to Group 5, 4.35% lower in Group 5 compared to Group 3, 9.63% lower in Group 3 compared to Group 4, and 12.82% lower in Group 4 compared to Group 1. Group 1 of patients with primary OA without comorbid pathology had a significantly lower level of fecal α-elastase compared to the control group, indicating a mild degree of EPI, which may have resulted from long-term treatment of OA with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, chondroprotectors, chondrostimulants, etc., which had a toxic effect on the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and contributed to the development of gastroenterological pathology, specifically diseases associated with EPI.
Conclusion. According to the level of fecal α-elastase and the level of the total final score of the PEI-Q questionnaire, the following ranking of the influence of the most significant comorbid pathology on the state of EPI in patients with primary OA was presented, starting with the greatest: chronic pancreatitis ˃ diabetes mellitus type 2 ˃ chronic non-stone cholecystitis and functional diseases of the gallbladder and biliary system ˃ chronic gastritis and duodenitis (p˂0.05).
A Fast Prediction Model of Supercritical Airfoils Based on Deep Operator Network and Variational Autoencoder Considering Physical Constraints
Authors: Liu Mengxin , Yang Yunjia , Wu Chenyu , Zhang Yufei 
Published: December 2024

Flow field prediction is crucial for evaluating the performance of airfoils and aerodynamic optimization. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods usually require a considerable amount of computational resources and time. In this study, a composite model based on deep learning is proposed for flow field prediction. The variational autoencoder (VAE) model is designed to extract representative features of flow fields. The VAE model is trained to determine the optimal latent variable dimension and Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence weight. Several physical constraints based on mass conservation and pressure coefficient are introduced to reduce the reconstruction loss and improve the model generalization ability. A DeepONet-MLP model, which combines a deep operator network (DeepONet) and a multilayer perceptron (MLP), is trained to achieve the nonlinear mapping from airfoil shapes and lift coefficients to latent variables in the VAE with fewer parameters. Eventually, a DeepONet-MLP-VAE model, which connects the decoder in VAE with DeepONet-MLP, is applied for fast flow field prediction. The results show that the proposed model can accurately and efficiently predict the transonic flow field, with a mean absolute error of 0.0016 and an average processing time of 0.010 s per flow field, which significantly accelerates the CFD evaluation process.
Impact analysis of infant antibiotic exposure on the burden of asthma: a simulation modeling study
Authors: Lee Tae Yoon , Petkau John , Saatchi Ariana , Marra Fawziah , Turvey Stuart E. , Lishman Hannah , Patrick David M. , Cragg Jacquelyn J. , Johnson Kate M. , Sadatsafavi Mohsen 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundInfant antibiotic use is associated with increased risk of asthma. We examined the population impact of antibiotic exposure in the first year of life on the burden of pediatric asthma in British Columbia, Canada, using simulation modeling.MethodsWe performed a Bayesian meta-analysis of empirical studies to construct dose-response equations between antibiotic exposure in the first year of life and pediatric (&lt;19 years of age) asthma. We used administrative health data to document trends in infant (&lt;1 year of age) antibiotic use in British Columbia during 2001 and 2018 (the study period). An independently developed microsimulation model of asthma was utilized to estimate asthma-related outcomes under three scenarios pertaining to the trends in antibiotic use during the study period: (1) observed trends, (2) flat trend in which the prescription rate remained at the 2001 value, and (3) intermediate trends midway between these two. We reported cumulative person-years with asthma, cumulative asthma incidence, and cumulative asthma exacerbations among the pediatric population during the study period.ResultsThere were 773,160 live births during the study period, with an average antibiotic prescription rate of 523 per 1,000 infants in the first year of life. The prescription rate decreased by 71.5% during the study period. In Scenario 1, there were 1,982,861 person-years with asthma, 183,392 asthma incident cases, and 383,072 exacerbations. Had the antibiotic exposure remained at the 2001 values (Scenario 2), there would have been additional 37,213 person-years with asthma, 10,053 asthma incident cases, and 23,280 exacerbations. Had the decline been half of the observed trend (Scenario 3), there would have been additional 20,318 person-years with asthma, 5,486 asthma incident cases, and 12,728 exacerbations. At least 80% of the excess burden in each outcome was attributable to the younger pediatric population of &lt;10 years of age.ConclusionsThe decline in infant antibiotic exposure has resulted in a substantial reduction in the burden of asthma in British Columbia. Such benefits should be considered when evaluating the value proposition of initiatives aimed at reducing unnecessary antibiotic exposure in early life.
Preparticipation screening in young female elite ice hockey players
Authors: Mohl Alexander , Pongratz Janis , Muxel Selina , Berger Manuel , Berr Michael , Schneider Bastian , Schlichting-Knoob Anna , Platz Ulrich , Dorwarth Uwe , Rogowski Sebastian , Hoffmann Ellen , Straube Florian 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe occurrence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in competitive athletes has led to a discussion about appropriate preparticipation screening models. The role of an electrocardiogram (ECG) in routine testing remains controversial in current guidelines. Furthermore, data on cardiac findings and the prognostic utility of screening strategies in young female elite ice hockey is scarce.MethodsFemale elite ice hockey players were enrolled in the open prospective “General Evaluation Program for Arrhythmia-Related Death in Athletes” (GEPARD) registry from 2008 to 2018. A staged preparticipation screening was performed. The main goal was to determine the prevalence of SCD conditions and identify effective screening tools. The secondary aim was to study baseline results and follow-ups on a unique subgroup of young female ice hockey players.ResultsA total of 88 female ice hockey players, mean age 16 ± 1 years, were prospectively enrolled. The prevalence of conditions potentially leading to SCD during competition was 3.4% (3/88). The 12-lead ECG led to the diagnosis of one congenital long QT and one acute myocarditis and showed a number needed to screen of 44, with a specificity of 98%. One athlete demonstrated a relevant pericardial effusion on echocardiography, which was related to acute toxoplasmosis. No cases of SCD occurred during long-term follow-up.ConclusionThe subgroup of young female ice hockey players showed a notable prevalence of athletes “at risk” of 3.4%, which indicates the importance of preparticipation screening that features a 12-lead ECG as the most important component.
The association between cardiovascular health and obstructive sleep apnea symptoms: findings from NHANES
Authors: Guo Qian , Dong Dong , Zhou Qiang , Huang Shuman , Qiao Xinjie , Dang Zihan , Wang Xiaowu , Zhao Yulin 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between cardiovascular health (CVH) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) within the U.S. population.MethodsThis study enrolled 12,540 participants aged 20 years and older from the 2007–2008 and 2015–2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression were utilized to examine the relationship between CVH and OSA symptoms. Life's Essential 8 (LE 8) metrics was employed to evaluate the CVH status of participants. Identification of OSA symptoms was determined based on a sleep questionnaire. They include (1) how often you snore; (2) how often you snort/stop breathing; or (3) how often you feel overly sleepy during day. Individuals who answered that they snore 3 or more per week; snort/stop breathing 3 or more per week and feel overly sleepy during day 16–30 times per month were classified as having OSA symptoms.ResultsSignificant inverse associations were observed between LE8 scores and symptoms of OSA after adjusting for covariates. The 95% CI was 0.750 (0.630,0.893) for the moderate CVH group and 0.573 (0.454,0.723) for the high CVH group. Subgroup analyses, stratified by age and gender, highlighted a significant interaction between LE8 scores and OSA symptoms with age (P &lt; 0.0001). Participants under 60 years old in the high CVH group exhibited a reduced likelihood OSA symptoms (OR: 0.470; 95% CI: 0.345,0.641). Restricted cubic splines (RCS) in a multivariate regression analysis showed a non-linear relationship between LE8 score and OSA. Our finding demonstrates a substantial decrease in OSA symptom prevalence with increased LE 8 scores.ConclusionThe results demonstrate a strong inverse correlation between LE8 scores and OSA symptoms. Participants with higher LE8 scores showed a reduced likelihood of experiencing OSA symptoms.
Studying targeted oxidation in diabetic cognitive dysfunction based on scientometrics analysis: research progress of natural product approaches
Authors: Tu Wenling , Xu Fuhang , Li Jieying , Tian Xiangfeng , Cao Lingyong , Wang Lei , Qu Yiqian 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe aim is to provide new insights for researchers studying the pathogenesis of diabetic cognitive dysfunction and promoting the wider use of natural products in their treatment.MethodFirst, the Web of Science Core Collection was selected as the data source for a computerized literature search on oxidative stress and diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD). Next, Biblimetrix and VOSviewer performed statistical analysis focusing on publication countries, institutions, authors, research hotspots, and emerging directions in the field. Then, through the analysis of keywords and key articles, the forefront of the field is identified. Finally, we discussed the pathogenesis of DCD, the influence of oxidative stress on DCD and the antioxidant effect of natural products on DCD.Result293 valid papers were obtained. Bibliometrics showed that oxidative stress, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cognitive decline, insulin resistance and quercetin were the key words of the symbiotic network.ConclusionThe antioxidant effects of natural products in improving DCD have been extensively studied in preclinical studies, providing potential for their treatment in DCD, but their evaluation in clinical trials is currently uncommon.
Prevalence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid and factors associated with emergency cesarean section: multicenter cross-sectional study in south central Ethiopia
Authors: Tantu Temesgen , Melkamu Biruk , Gunta Muluken , Tantu Tayech , Aregawi Yohanna , Gashaw Dereje 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundMeconium is thick black-green fetal intestinal content starting from the early first trimester of gestation. Unfortunately, if it is released into the amniotic cavity due to any cause, it can be associated with neonatal mortality and morbidity.ObjectiveTo identify the factors associated with meconium-stained amniotic fluid among mothers undergoing emergency cesarean section in specialized hospitals cross-sectional study in south central Ethiopia from August 1, 2022, to 30, October 2022MethodInstitution based multicenter cross-sectional study was done prospectively through meticulous chart review and interview on 875 mothers who gave birth with emergency cesarean section. Data were entered using Epi data 7 and analyzed with SPSS 26. The association between independent variables and meconium-stained amniotic fluid was estimated using an odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The statistical significance of the association was declared at P-value &lt; 0.05ResultThe prevalence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid is 31.4%. Gravidity (AOR 3.643; 95% CI:1.215,10.921), time interval between decision to delivery (AOR 1.361; 95% CI: 0.424,4.365),eclampsia(AOR 8.022; 95% CI: 1.634,39.372), time taken from referring institution to managing institution (AOR 15.258; 95% CI: 1.591,146.328), obstructed labor (AOR 24.614; 95% CI: 6.073,99.766), cephalopelvic disproportion (AOR 2.640; 95% CI:1.002,6.950), fetal heart beat abnormality (fetal bradycardia AOR 2.068; 95%CI 0.997,4.292) (fetal tachycardia AOR 3.513; 95% CI:1.633,7.556) duration of labor(AOR 5.44; 95% CI: 1.355,9.782) and referral from health center(AOR 5.41; 95% CI: 2.053,14.272) are associated with MSAF whereas obstetric complications(AOR 6.820; 95% CI: 2.870,16.202), cesarean section scar (AOR 3.010; 95% CI: 1.344,6.740) are negatively associated.ConclusionPrevalence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid is relatively high for which intrapartum, obstetric and institution related factors are incriminated. Therefore, an improvement in the quality of antenatal and intrapartum care is strongly recommended; professional development at the health center, building the infrastructure, and strengthening the referral system is also suggested.
Endostatin as a biomarker of systemic sclerosis: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mangoni Arduino A. , Zinellu Angelo 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe critical role played by vascular dysfunction and ineffective angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc) suggests that circulating biomarkers reflecting these alterations may be useful in the clinical evaluation of this patient group. We sought to address this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating a such candidate biomarker, endostatin, an endogenous glycoprotein exerting anti-angiogenic effects, in SSc patients and healthy controls.MethodsA literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus from inception to 27 May 2024. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the JBI checklist for analytical studies and GRADE, respectively.ResultsIn 19 eligible studies, circulating endostatin concentrations were significantly higher in SSc patients than controls (standard mean difference, SMD=0.90, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.23, p&lt;0.001; low certainty of evidence). Endostatin concentrations were also significantly higher in SSc patients with digital ulcers than those without (SMD=0.43, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.62, p&lt;0.001; very low certainty of evidence) and in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension than those without (SMD=1.21, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.76, p&lt;0.001; very low certainty of evidence). By contrast, no significant differences were observed between SSc patients with limited vs. diffuse disease and those with different video capillaroscopy patterns. There was limited evidence regarding endostatin concentrations in SSc patients with interstitial lung disease, telangiectasias, and gastrointestinal manifestations. There were no significant associations in meta-regression and subgroup analysis of studies investigating endostatin in SSc patients and controls between the effect size and various patient and study characteristics.DiscussionTherefore, the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that measuring endostatin can be useful in assessing the presence of SSc and specific complications, i.e., digital ulcers and pulmonary arterial hypertension, in these patients.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024558174.