bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caffeine and Creatine's Combined Effects on Plasma Lactose and Glucose Levels: A Systematic‐Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Shams‐White Marissa , Wang Ding Ding , Chung Mei 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the effects of caffeine and creatine together on blood glucose and lactate levels in healthy adults.Methods:The Medline database was searched through June 2013 for intervention trials and prospective cohort studies in English‐language that utilized both caffeine and creatine supplements in adults. Random effect models meta‐analysis was used when same outcomes were reported in at least two studies.Results:Eleven studies were eligible for the systematic review using the caffeine and creatine combination. The intervention duration ranged from 1‐15 days. Overall, the studies showed improvements in high‐intensity muscle endurance and power and anaerobic sprint performance, but had mixed findings with aerobic training among cyclists. Two all‐male studies were eligible for our meta‐analysis. Lee et al and Ratamess et al administered 0.3g/kg creatine for 5 days and 5 g creatine for 1 day, respectively; both studies administered 110 mg caffeine to subjects on the day of testing.A significant increase was found in plasma lactate (net change 1.37 mmol/L, 95% CI ‐0.04, 2.77, p=0.057) and glucose (net change 0.62 95% CI 0.40, 0.83, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe combination of caffeine and creatine may improve anaerobic and weight‐lifting performance. Future studies are needed to investigate the possible mechanisms for these supplements' effects on plasma lactate and glucose levels.
Health Benefits of a Pulse‐Based Diet for Soccer Players During Regular Season Play
Authors: Hanifi Abdulah , Mizelman Eliran , Michel Deborah , Kaviani Mojtaba , Chilibeck Phil , Zello Gordon 
Published: June 2021

Pulses are considered a low glycemic index food and may be beneficial for athletic performance. We have shown that acute consumption of lentils is beneficial for improving laboratory‐based endurance performance during simulated soccer games (Little et al., 2009; 2010; Bennett et al. 2012) and a pulse diet (2 months) is beneficial for lowering cholesterol levels (Abeysekara et al. 2012).PURPOSE:We hypothesize that chronic consumption of pulses by soccer players will improve measures of health throughout the soccer season.METHODS:Soccer players were randomized to receive a calorie adjusted, pulse‐based diet (250g of cooked pulses) for one month or consume their regular diet. Participants then crossed over to the opposite diet. Pre and post each month‐long diet phase, blood samples were collected to determine fasting glucose, insulin and lipid levels.RESULTS:Consuming pulses did not significantly affect blood insulin, total cholesterol, HDL or LDL and VLDL levels (n=9). Total cholesterol (TC) expressed as a ratio to HDL resulted in athletes consuming the pulse based diet after 4 weeks (2.04 ±2.49) having a lower TC:HDL ratio compared to when they consumedtheir regular diets (3.43±2.29) (p=0.03). Cholesterol ratios also decreased over time after consuming the pulse diet (Baseline: 2.74±2.49, Post diet intervention: 2.04±1.00).CONCLUSIONConsuming a diet composed of pulses provides the beneficial effect of reducing cholesterol ratios in healthy adult athletes. The reduction in cholesterol ratios over time in healthy individuals may indicate a beneficial role of consuming pulses to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Validity and Reliability of an Algorithm to Help Select Safe Dietary Supplements
Authors: Manganello Christopher , Attipoe Selasi , Deuster Patricia 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe use of dietary supplements (DS) is widespread in today's military. Service members use these products to enhance their performance and ability to conduct mission‐specific tasks; however, some of these products may be harmful.ObjectiveTo assess the reliability of the Operation Supplement Safety DS algorithm, a tool used to educate service members on safe selection of DSMethods:4th year medical students completed the algorithm as part of an educational session on dietary supplements. Students scored 12 DS by using the algorithm, which consists of seven yes (1) or no (0) questions. Scores for the 12 DS were assessed for validity and reliability.Results:Forty responses for the 12 DS were examined. Six supplements were expected to receive a score of 蠅4, suggesting they were possibly safe. Following are the average scores (±SD) of the DS in relation to the intended score, without name of products: Melatonin (4.9±0.8 vs. 5.0), Fish oil (5.9±1.3 vs. 7.0), Multivitamin/mineral for men (4.0±0.9 vs. 5.0), Iron (4.2±1.4 vs. 5.0), Multivitamin/Mineral (3.8±1.1 vs. 5.0), Weight Loss (1.1±1.1 vs. 0.0), Sexual Enhancement (1.3±0.7 vs. 1.0), Protein Powder (1.6±1.4 vs. 1.0), Performance Enhancing A (1.5±1.0 vs. 2.0), Performance Enhancing B (2.0±1.0 vs. 3.0), Performance Enhancing C (0.6±0.5 vs. 0.0), and Performance Enhancing D (1.8±SD 1.0 vs. 3.0).ConclusionsThe students' scores had little variability and were generally comparable to expected outcomes. Although the results suggest this tool may be valid and reliable for items being tested, additional assessments are needed to validate this tool.This study was supported by Center Alliance for Dietary Supplement Research (NB91FD).
Zeolite supplementation has beneficial effects on gut wall integrity in endurance trained subjects
Authors: Lamprecht Manfred , Bogner Simon , Wallner‐Liebmann Sandra , Steinbauer Kurt , Schuetz Burkhard , Schippinger Gert 
Published: June 2021

Zeolites are crystalline compounds with microporous structures of Si‐tetrahedrons. In the gut, these sicilicates could act as adsorbents, ion‐exchangers, catalysts, detergents or anti‐diarrheic agents. This study evaluated whether Zeolit supplementation could influence biomarkers of gut wall integrity in endurance trained individuals.In a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo controlled trial, 56 endurance trained men and women, similar in body fat, non‐smokers, 20–50 years, received 2g of Zeolith per day for 12 wk. Stool and blood samples for determination of tight junction modulators Zonulin and toll‐like‐receptor 2 (TLR2), as well as antiinflammatory IL‐10 were drawn at the beginning and the end of the study. Nutrition and physical exercise training were standardized before sample collections. For statistical analyses a 2‐factor ANOVA was used.At baseline both groups showed stool zonulin and plasma IL‐10 concentrations above normal. After 12 wk Zeolite supplementation Zonulin was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the supplemented group. TLR2 in monocytes was significantly increased, and IL‐10 was increased with a trend (p<0.1) in the Zeolite group.Zeolite supplementation exerted beneficial effects on gut wall integrity via modulation of tight junctions. This was accompanied by antiinflammatory effects in this cohort of endurance trained subjects. Further research is needed to explore mechanistic explanations for the observations in this study.
Identifying Dietary Patterns Associated with Dairy Consumption in British Children
Authors: Hobbs Ditte , Givens Ian , Lovegrove Julie 
Published: June 2021

Milk and dairy products are important components of the diet. However, consumption in children remains relatively low. The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with variations in dairy consumption in British children. Data were derived from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey collected in 2008/09‐2011/12 and included a total of 1687 children (828 girls and 859 boys) aged between 4 and 18 years old. Diet was assessed by a four‐day estimated food diary. Fifty food groups were created and were expressed as g/d. Dietary data was organised in quartiles of dairy intake (included milk, yogurt, ice cream, cheese, other milk and cream, and dairy desserts) and dietary patterns were identified using Kruskal‐Wallis with Dunn's multiple comparisons test, to determine significant differences between dairy quartiles and food groups. The lowest dairy quartile (Q1: 0‐93 g dairy/d) was associated with significantly higher intake of soft drinks (P=0.001), chips (P=0.001), coated chicken (P<0.05), chicken and turkey (P=0.05), and significantly lower intake of wholemeal bread (P=0.01), white fish (P=0.05), tea, coffee and water (P=0.05), biscuits (P=0.001), fruit (P=0.001), fibre (P=0.001) puddings (P=0.01) and sugar and preserves (P=0.05) compared with the highest dairy quartile (Q4: 306‐2022 g dairy/d). Overall, British children consuming a diet high in dairy foods had a dietary pattern that would be considered ‘healthy' compared with those consuming a diet low in dairy foods. This work was funded by DairyCo and The Dairy Council UK.
Association between fructose, uric acid and blood pressure
Authors: Kuhnle Gunter , Tasevska Natasa , Khaw Kay‐Tee 
Published: June 2021

Sugars, and in particular fructose, consumption has been associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), mediated by increased serum uric acid concentration, which interferes with the renin‐angiotensin mechanism and inhibits nitric oxide release from endothelial cells. Uric acid can also increase sodium sensitivity.Investigating associations between dietary sugars and health endpoints is difficult because of measurement error in self‐reported intake. Dietary biomarkers may help us elucidate true associations.We have assessed total sugars and total fructose intake (including fructose from sucrose) in a cross‐sectional analysis of 1366 participants (624 men, 742 women), 39 – 77 years of age, of the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) study using 7‐day diaries and sucrose and fructose measured in spot urines, as biomarkers of sugars intake. Other study measurements include serum uric acid and BP. Associations were investigated using linear regression analyses with log‐transformed variables, stratified by sex and adjusted for age and BMI. Urinary concentrations were adjusted by specific gravity.Total sugars consumption (mean ± SD) was 111.7 ± 40.3 g/d, of which 44.3 ± 17.9 g/d was total fructose. Serum uric acid was 344 ± 66 µM. Serum uric acid concentration was not associated with systolic BP in men and women. Intake of total sugars and total fructose assessed by 7‐d diary or biomarker was not significantly associated with serum uric acid or with BP.Our results do not support an association between fructose intake and increased BP.

Adjusted (age, BMI) systolic BP mm Hg (mean, 95% CI) by quintile of total fructose intake in 624 men and 742 women of EPIC Norfolk. Intake was measured by biomarker (urinary fructose) and 7DD (adjusted for total energy intake).

Men (n=624)
Women (n=742)

Intake
Biomarker
7DD
Biomarker
7DD

Q1
137.4 (136.3; 138.6)
136.9 (135.9; 138.0)
132.2 (131.0; 133.5)
131.2 (129.9; 132.6)

Q2
136.7 (135.6; 137.8)
137.1 (135.8; 138.3)
132.7 (131.4; 134.0)
131.8 (130.5; 133.1)

Q3
136.9 (135.7; 138.0)
137.1 (135.9; 138.3)
132.5 (131.3; 133.8)
133.5 (132.2; 134.8)

Q4
137.4 (136.2; 138.5)
136.8 (135.6; 138.1)
132.3 (131.0; 133.6)
132.2 (130.8; 133.5)

Q5
137.0 (135.8; 138.2)
137.5 (131.7; 132.9)
131.8 (130.3; 133.2)
132.9 (131.7; 134.0)
Dietary patterns and health‐related quality of life among Korean breast cancer survivors
Authors: Song Sihan , Hwang Eunkyung , Moon Hyeong‐Gon , Noh Dong‐Young , Lee Jung Eun 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHealthy dietary pattern may be associated with health‐related quality of life (HRQL) among breast cancer survivors.Objectives:We examined the association between dietary patterns and HRQL in a cross‐sectional study of Korean breast cancer survivors.Methods:A total of 153 women aged 21 to 79 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer of the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I to III and had breast cancer surgery at least 6 months before baseline were included. HRQL was assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer core questionnaire and breast module. We conducted factor analysis to identified major dietary patterns from the 3‐day food record and calculated pattern scores. We used generalized linear model to obtain least squares means of HRQL according to quartiles of pattern scores.Results:We identified 2 major dietary patterns: “Soy product and vegetable pattern” and “Kimchi and whole grain pattern”. Breast cancer survivors with high scores of Soy product and vegetable pattern were more likely to have insomnia (P trend = 0.05), whereas those with high scores of Kimchi and whole grain pattern were less likely to have dyspnea (P trend = 0.002), with more apparent association for stage I breast cancer survivors (P trend < 0.001). Also, better global health status and quality of life was observed among stage II or III breast cancer survivors with high scores of Soy product and vegetable pattern (P trend = 0.03).ConclusionsOur study suggests the evidence that breast cancer survivors may have different dietary patterns according to their quality of life.
Food Groups Associated with a Reduced Risk of 15‐year All‐cause Death
Authors: Bongard Vanina , Arveiler Dominique , Dallongeville Jean , Ruidavets Jean‐Bernard , Wagner Aline , Simon Chantal , Marecaux Nadine , Ferrieres Jean 
Published: June 2021

We investigated all‐cause death according to the consumption of different food groups and identified dietary patterns independently associated with a reduced risk of death.Methods:We undertook a population survey of middle‐aged men randomly selected from three areas of France and followed over a median of 15 years. Baseline data collection included a food consumption record. Vital status was obtained on 31 December 2010 through the French national database.Results:The study population comprised 960 men (mean age 55.5). After a median follow‐up of 14.8 (interquartile range 14.3–15.2) years, 150 (15.6%) subjects had died. Dietary patterns that remained independently predictive of a lower risk of death after extensive adjustment for confounders (center, age, economic level, obesity, smoking status, physical activity, serious chronic conditions, and alcohol intake) were: high consumptions (third and fourth quartiles of consumption versus other quartiles) of milk (adjusted relative risk 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.86), and fruits and vegetables (0.66, 0.46–0.94), and moderate consumptions (third quartile versus other quartiles) of yogurts and cottage cheese (0.50, 95% CI 0.31–0.80), other cheeses (0.63, 0.40–0.98), and bread (0.58, 0.37–0.89).ConclusionsDietary patterns that largely match recommendations were associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause death. A diet providing moderate amounts of diverse food groups was associated with the highest life expectancy.
Standardization of Food Composition Database in Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS): Preliminary data
Authors: Kovalskys Irina , Fisberg Mauro , Gómez Georgina , Rigotti Attilio , Cortés Yadira , Yepez Martha , Pareja Rossina , Herrera Marianella , Fisberg Regina , Guajardo Viviana , Zimberg Ioná , França Natasha , Amigo Paz , Echeverria Guadalupe 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo describe procedures and rationale for selection and adaptation of food composition from a single database during pilot study of ELANS.Methods:ELANS is a multicenter cross‐sectional study of representative sample (15‐65 years, 3 socioeconomic strata) of 8 Latin American countries. A standard study protocol was designed to investigate dietary intake of 8,000 subjects. The results of pilot study at small scale performed in each country are presented. Two 24‐hour recalls using Multiple Pass Method, were applied and data entered into the Nutrition Data System for Research program (NDS‐R, v.2013). A food matching standardized procedure involving a nutritional equivalency of local food items (food, beverages, and recipes) reported by the study subjects of each country to foods available in NDS‐R database was strictly conducted by professional nutritionists in each country. Regional food preparations were provided by national publications and entered into the software as standard recipes.Results:A pre‐test was conducted with 400 subjects. A total of 4,400 standardizations, considering food and recipes, were made in ELANS. A mean of 423 food items and 205 recipes were standardized in each country. A concordance rate of at least 80% to 120% for energy and macronutrient content was considered to establish nutritional equivalency.ConclusionThis study will result in a unique dataset for Latin America, enabling cross‐country comparisons of nutritional status.Financial Support:The Coca‐Cola Company
Evaluative Ethnography is useful for Understanding the Impact Pathways of Performance‐Based Incentives on Health Worker Motivation
Authors: Schuster Roseanne , de Sousa Octávio , Reme Anne‐Kathe , Pinault Delphine , Young Sera 
Published: June 2021

Performance‐based incentives (PBIs) have shown potential to improve the delivery of health and nutrition services to vulnerable populations. Strikingly, assessments of PBIs rarely incorporate qualitative approaches, making it difficult for policymakers to fully evaluate their utility. We employed evaluative ethnography to assess the impact of a longitudinal‐control PBI intervention to improve prevention of vertical transmission of HIV service delivery in rural Mozambique.Evaluative ethnography is a structured and theory‐grounded approach to qualitative research. The motivation, opportunity, and ability framework and focused ethnographic methods characterized our evaluative ethnographic approach.image

Table 1. Utilization of focused ethnography and quantitative methods to assess impact of the performance‐based incentive intervention on delivery of prevention of vertical transmission of HIV (PVT) services

Method
Participants
Intervention Phase
n

Evaluative Ethnography Methodology

Semi‐structured interviews
Women accessing PVT services, their family members, community leaders, facility‐ and community‐based health workers
Formative
67

Group discussions
Facility‐ and community‐based health workers, district leaders
Formative, on‐going implementation
100

Participant observation
Facility‐ and community‐based health workers
On‐going implementation
140

Semi‐structured interviews
Facility‐ and community‐based health workers, district leaders
Final evaluation
15

Quantitative Assessment Methodology

Surveys of health worker motivation
Facility‐ and community‐based health workers
Formative, on going implementation, final evaluation
147

Participant observation and exit interviews revealed the major barriers to the intervention (e.g. obstructionist officials, resource constraints). This was critical to understanding the quantitative finding that the PBIs did not significantly affect health worker motivation or delivery of services within the 12‐month implementation period.Although PBIs did not impact service delivery, evaluative ethnography allowed us to identify the principal problem areas. Considering the challenging nature of nutrition and health interventions in low‐resource health systems, we demonstrate that evaluative ethnography can augment conventional quantitative assessments.
Nonessential Amino Acids as Nitrogen Sources in Adult Men Examined Using the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique
Authors: Cooper Leah , Ball Ron , Pencharz Paul , Sakai Ryosei , Elango Rajavel 
Published: June 2021

Nutritionally, there is a dietary requirement for the essential amino acids (EAA) but also a requirement for nitrogen (N) intake for the de novo synthesis of the nonessential amino acids (NEAA). It has been suggested that some NEAA may be more metabolically important than others. The goal of this study was to determine whether among the NEAA (Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, Gln, Glu, Gly, Pro, Ser) there was an ideal N source using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique.Subjects were maintained on an adaptation diet for 2 days prior to each test day. Each subject participated in 10 test diet intakes, assigned randomly. One test intake was a base diet consisting of only the EAA provided at the recommended dietary allowance. All other test intakes involved the base diet with the addition of one NEAA to meet a 50:50 ratio of EAA: NEAA on a N basis. The diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous, given as hourly meals. Each study day followed the IAAO protocol using 13C‐Phenylalanine as the indicator. Breath and urine samples were collected at baseline and isotopic steady state. Enrichments of 13C in breath were analyzed by continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry to calculate F13CO2.Repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc multiple comparisons were done on the F13CO2 data. Preliminary results indicate that 7 of the 9 NEAA decrease IAAO significantly and suggest that in healthy males, most NEAA are good N sources, in the presence of adequate EAAs.(Support by Ajinomoto Co. Inc.)
Role of the Lipolysis Stimulated Lipoprotein Receptor in Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis during the Postprandial Phase
Authors: Yen Frances , Akbar Samina , Layeghkhavidaki Hamed , Pinçon Anthony , Lanhers Marie‐Claire , Oster Thierry , Gregory Pauron Lynn , Corbier Catherine 
Published: June 2021

Elevated postprandial lipemia (PPL) as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease has been attributed to the accumulation of atherogenic remnant lipoproteins in the circulation. The hepatic lipolysis stimulated lipoprotein receptor, LSR, participates in the removal of these particles in the liver during the postprandial phase. LSR expression is regulated by leptin, and is reduced in obese mouse models which also display high PPL, suggesting a role of LSR in the regulation of lipid homeostasis. To determine the effect of reduced LSR expression on hepatic lipid metabolism, pathway‐specific qPCR arrays were used to determine mRNA expression profiles of genes related to lipid metabolism in livers from female 6‐month old LSR+/‐ mice and LSR+/+ littermates after 6 weeks on a standard (STD) or high‐fat diet (60 % kcal, HFD). Of the 84 genes studied, 32 were significantly down‐regulated in STD‐LSR+/‐ mice as compared to STD‐LSR+/+, a majority of which were involved in insulin and adipokine‐signaling pathways and were PPAR‐a target genes. Of these genes, 70% were also modified in HFD‐LSR+/+, suggesting that STD‐LSR+/‐ demonstrated a propensity towards a “high‐fat”‐like profile. Interestingly, the expression of 3 genes related to the inflammatory pathway: Ilβ, TNF‐α, and Il10 was increased in HFD‐LSR+/‐ mice, which could contribute to PPL‐associated inflammation. Our results show similar profiles of genes affected by either LSR heterozygosity or by HFD, pointing towards a significant contribution of LSR in the regulation of lipid homeostasis during the postprandial phase.Grant source: French Ministry MESR, Région Lorraine