bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal outcomes after selective feticide via umbilical cord occlusion in complicated monochorionic pregnancies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Tianchen , Chen Ziyi , Yin Xiaohan , Shi Huifeng , Niu Jieqiong , Xie Jialei , Wei Yuan , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to compare perinatal outcomes between umbilical cord occlusion techniques in monochorionic pregnancies, including umbilical cord ligation, fetoscopic laser coagulation, interstitial laser coagulation, bipolar cord occlusion, radiofrequency ablation, and microwave ablation.MethodsThis study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020158861). PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched for studies published up to May 2020. The DerSimonian‐Laird random‐effects model was used for the meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare the outcomes among the six techniques. Meta‐regression was used to adjust for confounders.ResultsThirty‐four studies with 1646 participants were included. The overall survival was 76.5% after umbilical cord ligation, 78.8% after fetoscopic laser coagulation, 60.3% after interstitial laser coagulation, 79.2% after bipolar cord occlusion, 77.5% after radiofrequency ablation, and 75.0% after microwave ablation. Subgroup comparison showed the rates of overall survival and preterm premature rupture of membranes were not significant different among six techniques. However, rates of fetal loss, premature birth, live birth, and neonatal death differed significantly among the six groups.ConclusionsThe choice of umbilical cord occlusion techniques will affect perinatal outcomes. We suggested that the choice of umbilical cord occlusion techniques should fully consider these differences among techniques.
What would I do? Perspectives on the factors underlying Lynch syndrome genetic testing and results sharing decisions for high‐risk colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Tiernan Gabriella , Freeman Victoria , Morrow April , Hogden Emily , Canfell Karen , Kang Yoon‐Jung , Taylor Natalie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveUniversal tumour testing for Lynch syndrome (LS) in all incident colorectal cancers (CRCs) and sequential diagnostic genetic testing is cost‐effective in Australia. Because of this, our study aimed to understand factors underlying possible decisions faced by tumour test‐positive CRC patients and their at‐risk relatives throughout the LS diagnosis pathway.MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with 23 participants, using four hypothetical scenarios. Vignette‐guided closed‐ and open‐ended questions asked about LS genetic testing uptake, discussing diagnosis with at‐risk relatives, and risk‐reducing interventions. Personal perspectives on genetic testing were collected pre‐post vignette discussion. Inductive thematic analysis was performed on open‐ended questions. Decisional pathway diagrams were developed to convey factors influencing complex decision‐making processes.ResultsParticipant responses incorporated unfolding scenario information, resulting in three decision themes: (1) wanting to know one's LS status; (2) informing family about LS; (3) navigating risk‐reducing interventions. Across all themes, ‘knowledge’ emerged as a facilitator, and ‘negative emotional experience’ as a barrier. Personal supportive views toward genetic testing increased post‐interview.ConclusionsWhen communicating with tumour test‐positive CRC patients or their relatives about LS genetic testing, providing guidance/resources to inform decisions around risk‐reducing interventions and informing family members is critical. Scenario‐driven interviews provide insight into what individuals might do when facing complex healthcare decisions and could aid informed decision‐making. This approach may be applicable in other conditions, particularly with mainstreaming being increasingly introduced into the genetic context.
Contributions of downstream baroclinic development to strong Southern Hemisphere cut‐off lows
Authors: Pinheiro Henri R. , Hodges Kevin I. , Gan Manoel A. , Ferreira Sergio H. S. , Andrade Kelen M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCut‐Off Lows (COLs) in the Southern Hemisphere and the mechanisms involved in their development are investigated in detail using the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) budget applied to data from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis. This approach considers the most important processes that are typical for the evolution of midlatitude disturbances such as the baroclinic (BRC) and barotropic (BRT) conversions, and the ageostrophic flux convergence (AFC), known as downstream development. Composites of the volume‐integrated EKE and its components are evaluated based on the 200 most intense SH COLs (>98th percentile) observed in a 36‐year period. Results show that the AFC together with the BRC conversion are the most important contributors to the EKE growth for the COLs, characterizing the downstream baroclinic development. The AFC plays an important role in genesis and intensification phases of the COLs, while the BRC conversion is important for the system maintenance. The dissipation of the COLs occurs due to dispersive fluxes (ageostrophic flux divergence) together with other processes not directly computed in the EKE equation, such as friction and latent heat release which are problematic in reanalysis datasets. The BRT conversion contributes negatively to the COL development by transferring EKE to the zonal flow kinetic energy, though this is not enough to dampen the intensification. Regional differences were found in the energetics, indicating that COLs originating upstream of the continents are clearly dominated by ageostrophic fluxes, while the systems over the Australian region are mostly driven by baroclinic processes.
Constrained hierarchical Bayesian model for latent subgroups in basket trials with two classifiers
Authors: Takeda Kentaro , Liu Shufang , Rong Alan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe basket trial in oncology is a novel clinical trial design that enables the simultaneous assessment of one treatment in multiple cancer types. In addition to the usual basket classifier of the cancer types, many recent basket trials further contain other classifiers like biomarkers that potentially affect the clinical outcomes. In other words, the treatment effects in those baskets are often categorized by not only the cancer types but also the levels of other classifiers. Therefore, the assumption of exchangeability is often violated when some baskets are more sensitive to the targeted treatment, whereas others are less. In this article, we propose a constrained hierarchical Bayesian model for latent subgroups (CHBM‐LS) to deal with potential heterogeneity of treatment effects due to both the cancer type (first classifier) and another classifier (second classifier) in basket trials. Different baskets defined by multiple cancer types and multiple levels of the second classifier are aggregated into subgroups using a latent subgroup modeling approach. Within each latent subgroup, the treatment effects are similar and approximately exchangeable to borrow information. The CHBM‐LS approach evaluates the treatment effect for each basket while allowing adaptive information borrowing across the baskets by identifying latent subgroups. The simulation study shows that the CHBM‐LS approach outperforms other approaches with higher statistical power and better‐controlled type I error rates under various scenarios with heterogeneous treatment effects across baskets.
Torsional design method used in Eurasia region: A comparative study
Authors: Ju Hyunjin , Lee Deuckhang , Kim Kil‐Hee , Yerzhanov Meirzhan , Zhang Dichuan , Kim Jong R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study conducted an extensive review and evaluation of torsional design methods specified in SNiP and other international building codes. Unlike thin‐walled tube approach utilized as a key basis of design expressions in ACI 318, CSA, and Eurocode 2, skew‐bending theory is still adopted as torsional design methods specified in SNiP code used through Eurasia region. This comparative study is timely required since there are radical code changes in leading Eurasia countries, such as Russia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, toward Eurocode from SNiP code. To this end, a total of 253 reinforced concrete (RC) specimens that failed in pure torsion were collected from the literature to compare the analytical accuracy of the torsional design methods specified in various design codes. It was found that the torsional design methods specified in SNiP and CSA codes can estimate the torsional strengths of RC members with good level of accuracy, while Eurocode 2 provided quite conservative results. In addition, the maximum limitations stipulated in each design code on the compressive strength of concrete and yield strength of reinforcements are of importance for the safe and efficient torsional design due to interrelation between reinforcement ratios considering materials strengths and inclination angle of compressive concrete strut.
Pooled Testing and Its Applications in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aldridge Matthew , Ellis David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen testing for a disease such as COVID-19, the standard method is individual testing: we take a sample from each individual and test these samples separately. An alternative is pooled testing (or ‘group testing’), where samples are mixed together in different pools, and those pooled samples are tested. When the prevalence of the disease is low and the accuracy of the test is fairly high, pooled testing strategies can be more efficient than individual testing. In this chapter, we discuss the mathematics of pooled testing and its uses during pandemics, in particular the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyse some one- and two-stage pooling strategies under perfect and imperfect tests, and consider the practical issues in the application of such protocols.
Epidemic Compartmental Models and Their Insurance Applications
Authors: Feng Runhuan , Garrido José , Jin Longhao , Loke Sooie-Hoe , Zhang Linfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOur society’s efforts to fight pandemics rely heavily on our ability to understand, model and predict the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. Compartmental models are among the most commonly used mathematical tools to explain reported infections and deaths. This chapter offers a brief overview of basic compartmental models as well as several actuarial applications, ranging from product design and reserving of epidemic insurance, to the projection of healthcare demand and the allocation of scarce resources. The intent is to bridge classical epidemiological models with actuarial and financial applications that provide healthcare coverage and utilise limited healthcare resources during pandemics.
Searching for leptoquarks at future muon colliders
Authors: Asadi Pouya , Capdevilla Rodolfo , Cesarotti Cari , Homiller Samuel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA high energy muon collider can provide new and complementary discovery potential to the LHC or future hadron colliders. Leptoquarks are a motivated class of exotic new physics models, with distinct production channels at hadron and lepton machines. We study a vector leptoquark model at a muon collider with$$ \sqrt{s} $$s= 3,14 TeV within a set of both UV and phenomenologically motivated flavor scenarios. We compute which production mechanism has the greatest reach for various values of the leptoquark mass and the coupling between leptoquark and Standard Model fermions. We find that we can probe leptoquark masses up to an order of magnitude beyond$$ \sqrt{s} $$swith perturbative couplings. Additionally, we can also probe regions of parameter space unavailable to flavor experiments. In particular, all of the parameter space of interest to explain recent low-energy anomalies inBmeson decays would be covered even by a$$ \sqrt{s} $$s= 3 TeV collider.
Comments on the holographic description of Narain theories
Authors: Dymarsky Anatoly , Shapere Alfred 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We discuss the holographic description of Narain U(1)c× U(1)c conformal field theories, and their potential similarity to conventional weakly coupled gravitational theories in the bulk, in the sense that the effective IR bulk description includes “U(1) gravity” amended with additional light degrees of freedom. Starting from this picture, we formulate the hypothesis that in the large central charge limit the density of states of any Narain theory is bounded by below by the density of states of U(1) gravity. This immediately implies that the maximal value of the spectral gap for primary fields is ∆1 = c/(2πe). To test the self-consistency of this proposal, we study its implications using chiral lattice CFTs and CFTs based on quantum stabilizer codes. First we notice that the conjecture yields a new bound on quantum stabilizer codes, which is compatible with previously known bounds in the literature. We proceed to discuss the variance of the density of states, which for consistency must be vanishingly small in the large-c limit. We consider ensembles of code and chiral theories and show that in both cases the density variance is exponentially small in the central charge.
A new branch of inflationary speed limits
Authors: Mathis Dayshon , Mousatov Alexandros , Panagopoulos George , Silverstein Eva 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a new mechanism for inflation which exhibits a speed limit on scalar motion, generating accelerated expansion even on a steep potential. This arises from explicitly integrating out the short modes of additional fields coupled to the inflaton ϕ via a dimension six operator, yielding an expression for the effective action which includes a nontrivial (logarithmic) function of (∂ϕ)2. The speed limit appears at the branch cut of this logarithm arising in a large flavor expansion, similarly to the square root branch cut in DBI inflation arising in a large color expansion. Finally, we describe observational constraints on the parameters of this model.
Primitive normalisers in quasipolynomial time
Authors: Chang Mun See , Roney-Dougal Colva M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe normaliser problem has as input two subgroups H and K of the symmetric group $$\mathrm {S}_n$$

S
n

, and asks for a generating set for $$N_K(H)$$

N
K

(
H
)

: it is not known to have a subexponential time solution. It is proved in Roney-Dougal and Siccha (Bull Lond Math Soc 52(2):358–366, 2020) that if H is primitive, then the normaliser problem can be solved in quasipolynomial time. We show that for all subgroups H and K of $$\mathrm {S}_n$$

S
n

, in quasipolynomial time, we can decide whether $$N_{\mathrm {S}_n}(H)$$

N

S
n

(
H
)

is primitive, and if so, compute $$N_K(H)$$

N
K

(
H
)

. Hence we reduce the question of whether one can solve the normaliser problem in quasipolynomial time to the case where the normaliser in $$\mathrm {S}_n$$

S
n

is known not to be primitive.
MicroRNA-34a: the bad guy in age-related vascular diseases
Authors: Raucci Angela , Macrì Federica , Castiglione Stefania , Badi Ileana , Vinci Maria Cristina , Zuccolo Estella 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe age-related vasculature alteration is the prominent risk factor for vascular diseases (VD), namely, atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, vascular calcification (VC) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The chronic sterile low-grade inflammation state, aliasinflammaging, characterizes elderly people and participates in VD development. MicroRNA34-a (miR-34a) is emerging as an important mediator ofinflammagingand VD. miR-34a increases with aging in vessels and induces senescence and the acquisition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in vascular smooth muscle (VSMCs) and endothelial (ECs) cells. Similarly, other VD risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension, modify miR-34a expression to promote vascular senescence and inflammation. miR-34a upregulation causes endothelial dysfunction by affecting ECs nitric oxide bioavailability, adhesion molecules expression and inflammatory cells recruitment. miR-34a-induced senescence facilitates VSMCs osteoblastic switch and VC development in hyperphosphatemia conditions. Conversely, atherogenic and hypoxic stimuli downregulate miR-34a levels and promote VSMCs proliferation and migration during atherosclerosis and PAH.MiR34agenetic ablation or miR-34a inhibition by anti-miR-34a molecules in different experimental models of VD reduce vascular inflammation, senescence and apoptosis through sirtuin 1 Notch1, and B-cell lymphoma 2 modulation. Notably, pleiotropic drugs, like statins, liraglutide and metformin, affect miR-34a expression. Finally, human studies report that miR-34a levels associate to atherosclerosis and diabetes and correlate with inflammatory factors during aging. Herein, we comprehensively review the current knowledge about miR-34a-dependent molecular and cellular mechanisms activated by VD risk factors and highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of modulating its expression in order to reduceinflammagingand VD burn and extend healthy lifespan.
A higher non-severe hypoglycaemia rate is associated with an increased risk of subsequent severe hypoglycaemia and major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes in the LEADER study
Authors: Heller Simon R. , Geybels Milan S. , Iqbal Ahmed , Liu Lei , Wagner Lily , Chow Elaine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Hypoglycaemia is a common side effect of insulin and some other antihyperglycaemic agents used to treat diabetes. Severe hypoglycaemia has been associated with adverse cardiovascular events in trials of intensive glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. The relationship between non-severe hypoglycaemic episodes (NSHEs) and severe hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes has been documented. However, an association between more frequent NSHEs and cardiovascular events has not been verified. This post hoc analysis of the LEADER (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results) trial aimed to confirm whether there is an association between NSHEs and severe hypoglycaemic episodes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In addition, the possible association between NSHEs and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality was investigated.

Methods
LEADER was a double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial that found that liraglutide significantly reduced the risk of MACE compared with the placebo. In this post hoc analysis, we explored, in all LEADER participants, whether the annual rate of NSHEs (defined as self-measured plasma glucose <3.1 mmol/l [56 mg/dl]) was associated with time to first severe hypoglycaemic episode (defined as an episode requiring the assistance of another person), time to first MACE, time to cardiovascular death and time to all-cause mortality. Participants with <2 NSHEs per year were used as reference for HR estimates. Cox regression with a time-varying covariate was used.

Results
We demonstrate that there is an association between NSHEs (2–11 NSHEs per year and ≥12 NSHEs per year) and severe hypoglycaemic episodes (unadjusted HRs 1.98 [95% CI 1.43, 2.75] and 5.01 [95% CI 2.84, 8.84], respectively), which was consistent when baseline characteristics were accounted for. Additionally, while no association was found between participants with 2–11 NSHEs per year and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, higher rates of NSHEs (≥12 episodes per year) were associated with higher risk of MACE (HR 1.50 [95% CI 1.01, 2.23]), cardiovascular death (HR 2.08 [95% CI 1.17, 3.70]) and overall death (HR 1.80 [95% CI 1.11, 2.92]).

Conclusions/interpretation
The analysis of data from the LEADER trial demonstrated that higher rates of NSHEs were associated with both a higher risk of severe hypoglycaemia and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, irrespective of the cause of this association, it is important that individuals with high rates of hypoglycaemia are identified so that the potentially increased risk of cardiovascular events can be managed and steps can be taken to reduce NSHEs.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01179048).

Graphical abstract
Dietary palmitate and oleate differently modulate insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Sarabhai Theresia , Koliaki Chrysi , Mastrototaro Lucia , Kahl Sabine , Pesta Dominik , Apostolopoulou Maria , Wolkersdorfer Martin , Bönner Anna C. , Bobrov Pavel , Markgraf Daniel F. , Herder Christian , Roden Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Energy-dense nutrition generally induces insulin resistance, but dietary composition may differently affect glucose metabolism. This study investigated initial effects of monounsaturated vs saturated lipid meals on basal and insulin-stimulated myocellular glucose metabolism and insulin signalling.

Methods
In a randomised crossover study, 16 lean metabolically healthy volunteers received single meals containing safflower oil (SAF), palm oil (PAL) or vehicle (VCL). Whole-body glucose metabolism was assessed from glucose disposal (Rd) before and during hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamps with d-[6,6-2H2]glucose. In serial skeletal muscle biopsies, subcellular lipid metabolites and insulin signalling were measured before and after meals.

Results
SAF and PAL raised plasma oleate, but only PAL significantly increased plasma palmitate concentrations. SAF and PAL increased myocellular diacylglycerol and activated protein kinase C (PKC) isoform θ (p < 0.05) but only PAL activated PKCɛ. Moreover, PAL led to increased myocellular ceramides along with stimulated PKCζ translocation (p < 0.05 vs SAF). During clamp, SAF and PAL both decreased insulin-stimulated Rd (p < 0.05 vs VCL), but non-oxidative glucose disposal was lower after PAL compared with SAF (p < 0.05). Muscle serine1101-phosphorylation of IRS-1 was increased upon SAF and PAL consumption (p < 0.05), whereas PAL decreased serine473-phosphorylation of Akt more than SAF (p < 0.05).

Conclusions/interpretation
Lipid-induced myocellular insulin resistance is likely more pronounced with palmitate than with oleate and is associated with PKC isoforms activation and inhibitory insulin signalling.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov.NCT01736202.

Funding
German Federal Ministry of Health, Ministry of Culture and Science of the State North Rhine-Westphalia, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, European Regional Development Fund, German Research Foundation, German Center for Diabetes Research.

Graphical abstract
A non-cooperative game theory approach to cost sharing in networks
Authors: Hinojosa M. A. , Caro A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper considers networks in which nodes have communication needs between them. The cost of building or maintaining an edge with a given capacity is the same across any pair of agents. It is known that feasibility is reached by any maximal-capacity spanning tree. A multi-stage non-cooperative game is considered in which, at each stage, every agent simultaneously decides either to propose building a connection to another agent or to wait for a better opportunity. The required capacity between any pair of agents can be seen as being to their benefit if and only if, in the resulting tree, there exists a path between them such that every edge provides at least this required capacity. On the other hand, the agents who decide to connect have to pay for the link by equally splitting the cost. The problem is analyzed in a context in which the preferences of the agents regarding benefits and costs are lexicographic. The concepts of capacity synthesis equilibrium (CSE) and strong capacity synthesis equilibrium (strong CSE) are introduced and a mechanism to reach some of these equilibria is presented. We also analyze CSEs and strong CSEs in relation to the Nash equilibria of the benefit capacity synthesis game.