bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in Atlantic harbor seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina) abundance in Maine, U.S.A., 1993–2018
Authors: Sigourney Douglas B. , Murray Kimberly T. , Gilbert James R. , Ver Hoef Jay M. , Josephson Elizabeth , DiGiovanni Robert A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe population of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina) along the coast of Maine, U.S.A., has experienced rapid growth in abundance following passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act in 1972 but current information on trends in abundance is lacking. In this study, we apply a Bayesian hierarchical model to aerial survey data of nonpups and pups. Prior to 2001, estimates of growth rates from 8‐year moving averages reached a high of 2.1% and 9.4% per year with posterior probabilities of positive growth of .97 and >.99 for nonpups and pups, respectively. Between 2001 and 2012, estimated growth rates for nonpups decreased to a low of −1.9% per year with a posterior probability of negative growth of .95. Between 2012 and 2018, posterior estimates of growth were close to zero suggesting little change in abundance of nonpups. Estimates of growth for pups were close to zero between 2001 and 2012 but reached a low of −2.5% per year with a posterior probability of negative growth of 0.94 at the end of the time series suggesting a decrease in pup abundance between 2012 and 2018. The total abundance estimate for 2018 is 61,336 (CV = 0.08).
The association between health status and job satisfaction among female workers: A nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bae Sung‐Heui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the job satisfaction among female workers in Korea and the association between health status and job satisfaction. The Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families was used for this nationwide cross‐sectional study. Data from 1570 female workers were analyzed to determine job satisfaction and examine the association between health status and job satisfaction, controlling for other variables such as personal characteristics, work attributes, job opportunities, and work conditions. Analyses included descriptive statistics, independent t‐tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multivariate regression. Subjective health status was positively related, while diagnosed disease and depressive symptoms were negatively associated with job satisfaction. Monthly salary, work hours, fringe benefits, and geographical region were also significantly related to female workers' job satisfaction, and commute distance was related to job satisfaction with a small effect size. This study thus found that subjective health status, diagnosed disease, and depressive symptoms were related to female workers' job satisfaction. Health promotion and supporting mental health among female workers may be important managerial strategies for supporting increased job satisfaction in female workers.
Operating room nurses' perceptions of the impact of surgical smoke and its countermeasures: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Moon Ha Na , Park Boo Hyo , Chang Sung Ok 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough surgical team members are exposed to surgical smoke, most do not fully recognize the hazards of such exposure during surgery. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of surgical smoke and its countermeasures in the operating room, specifically among nurses who have been exposed to surgical smoke for a long time. This was a mixed‐methods study involving focus groups and a descriptive survey. The focus group revealed that nurses believed harmful substances accumulating in the body were proportional to the years worked, and many were unaware of the existent hazards in their work environment. They encouraged the formulation of self‐protection measures and perceived that the recognition of rules and collaboration should take precedence among potential countermeasures. Our survey showed that properly wearing personal protective equipment and being educated on surgical smoke hazards were identified as essential coping methods for nurses. These findings will help create awareness regarding surgical smoke hazards in operating rooms. Policies and systems need to be established at the hospital administration level to substantially reduce the risks associated with surgical smoke for operating room nurses.
Centrally Administered Neuropeptide‐S Alleviates Gastrointestinal Dysmotility Induced by Neonatal Maternal Separation
Authors: Bülbül Mehmet , Sinen Osman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuropeptide‐S (NPS) regulates autonomic outflow, stress response, and gastrointestinal (GI) motor functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NPS on GI dysmotility induced by neonatal maternal separation (MS).MethodsMS was conducted by isolating newborn pups from dams from postnatal day 1 to day 14. In adulthood, rats were also exposed to chronic homotypic stress (CHS). Visceral sensitivity was assessed by colorectal distension‐induced abdominal contractions. Gastric emptying (GE) was measured following CHS, whereas fecal output was monitored daily. NPS or NPS receptor (NPSR) antagonist was centrally applied simultaneously with electrocardiography and gastric motility recording. Immunoreactivities for NPS, NPSR, corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and c‐Fos were assessed by immunohistochemistry.Key ResultsNPS alleviated the MS‐induced visceral hypersensitivity. Under basal conditions, central exogenous or endogenous NPS had no effect on GE and gastric motility. NPS restored CHS‐induced gastric and colonic dysmotility in MS rats while increasing sympatho‐vagal balance without affecting vagal outflow. NPSR expression was detected in CRF‐producing cells of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and central amygdala, but not in Barrington's nucleus. Moreover, NPSR was present in ChAT‐expressing neurons in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), and nucleus ambiguus (NAmb) in addition to the TH‐positive neurons in C1/A1, and locus coeruleus (LC). Neurons adjacent to the adrenergic cells in LC were found to produce NPS. NPS administration caused c‐Fos expression in C1/A1 cells, while no immunoreactivity was detected in DMV or NAmb.ConclusionsNPS/NPSR system might be a novel target for the treatment of stress‐related GI dysmotility.
Healthcare professionals' experiences of using a biopsychosocial approach to understand behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Steele Claire , Berry Katherine , Brown Laura J. E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiopsychosocial approaches to understanding behavioural and psychological (otherwise known as “non‐cognitive” or “neuropsychiatric”) symptoms of dementia tend to be conducted by specialist psychology professionals. To increase service users' access to these approaches, healthcare professionals from nursing and allied health disciplines are being trained to use them. However, little is known about healthcare professionals' experiences of implementing biopsychosocial approaches in everyday practice.ObjectivesTo explore nursing and allied healthcare professionals' views of using the “Newcastle Model,” which is a biopsychosocial approach to understanding behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.MethodThirteen community mental healthcare professionals from nursing, social work and occupational therapy backgrounds were interviewed about their views and experiences of using the Newcastle Model to understand and work with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes were identified. The first theme reflected the perceived positive value of taking a more psychosocial approach to understanding behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. The second theme reported participants' expressions of low confidence in using the approach, as well as their reported difficulties in prioritising it. The third theme highlighted the perceived time‐consuming nature of the approach, and the adaptations that some staff made to increase its practicality. The fourth theme highlighted the importance of working in collaboration with those who provided direct care and support to the person with dementia. The final theme reflected participants’ positive view of the effectiveness of the approach for delivering person‐centred careConclusionCommunity healthcare professionals valued the integration of a biopsychosocial approach into their practice, although identified key implementation barriers.Implications for PracticeFormalising this approach within professional role descriptions; increasing collaborative working within multidisciplinary teams; and increasing carers' psychological understanding of dementia, are key ways in which this biopsychosocial approach could be implemented more effectively.
Oxidative Stress Induced Osteocyte Apoptosis in Steroid‐Induced Femoral Head Necrosis
Authors: Fan Zhen‐Qi , Bai Shu‐Cai , Xu Qian , Li Zhi‐Jun , Cui Wen‐Hao , Li Hui , Li Xiao‐Hui , Zhang Hua‐Feng 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Glucocorticoids (GCs) induced oxidative stress and apoptosis on necrosis of the femoral head in patients and rats.MethodsEight patients with steroid‐induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SINFH) and eight patients with developmental dysplasia of the hips (DDH) were enrolled in our study. In animal model, twenty male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (SINFH group and NS group). The SINFH model group received the methylprednisolone (MPS) injection, while control group was injected with normal saline (NS). MRI was used to confirm SINFH rat model was established successfully. Then, the rats were sacrificed 4 weeks later and femoral head samples were harvested. Histopathological staining was preformed to evaluate osteonecrosis. TUNEL staining was performed with 8‐OHdG and DAPI immunofluorescence staining to evaluate oxidative injury and osteocyte apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 protein expression.ResultsMRI showed signs of typical osteonecrosis of femoral head in SIHFH patients. Histopathological staining showed that the rate of empty lacunae in SINFH patients was significantly higher (56.88% ± 9.72% vs 19.92% ± 4.18%, T = −11.04, P < 0.001) than that in DDH patients. The immunofluorescence staining indicated that the TUNEL‐positive cell and 8‐OHdG‐positve cell in SINFH patients were significantly higher (49.32% ± 12.95% vs 8.00% ± 2.11%, T = −7.04, P = 0.002, 54.6% ± 23.8% vs 9.75% ± 3.31%, T = −4.17, P = 0.003) compared to the DDH patients. The immunohistochemistry staining showed that the protein expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4 in SINFH patients were significantly increased (64.50% ± 7.57% vs 37.58% ± 9.23%, T = −3.88, P = 0.018, 90.84% ± 2.93% vs 49.56% ± 16.47%, T = −5.46, P = 0.001, 85.46% ± 9.3% vs 40.69% ± 6.77%, T = −8.03, P = 0.001) compared to the DDH patients. In animal model, MRI showed signs of edema of femoral head in MPS group, which represents SINFH rat model was established successfully. Histological evaluation showed the rate of empty lacunae in MPS group was significantly higher (25.85% ± 4.68% vs 9.35% ± 1.99%, T = −7.96, P < 0.001) than that in NS group. The immunofluorescence staining indicated that the TUNEL‐positive cell and 8‐OHdG‐positve cell (in MPS group were significantly increased (31.93% ± 1.01% vs 11.73% ± 1.16%, T = −32.26, P < 0.001, 47.59% ± 1.39% vs 22.07% ± 2.45%, T = −22.18, P < 0.001) compared to the NS group. The immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of NOX2 in MPS group was significantly increased (76.77% ± 8.34% vs 50.32% ± 10.84%, T = −4.74, P = 0.001) compare with NS group.ConclusionOur findings indicated that GC‐induced NOXs expression may be an important source of oxidative stress, which could lead to osteocyte apoptosis in the process of SINFH
Using transects to disentangle the environmental drivers of plant‐microbiome assembly
Authors: Mittelstrass Jana , Sperone F. Gianluca , Horton Matthew W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnvironmental heterogeneity is a major driver of plant‐microbiome assembly, but the specific climate and soil conditions that are involved remain poorly understood. To better understand plant microbiome formation, we examined the bacteria and fungi that colonize wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) plants in North American and European populations. Using transects as replicates, we found strong overlap among the environmental conditions that best predict the overall similarity and richness of the plant microbiome, including soil nutrients that replicate across continents. Temperature is also among the main predictors of diversity for both bacteria and fungi in both the leaf and, unexpectedly, the root microbiome. Our results indicate that a small number of environmental factors, and their interactions, consistently contribute to plant microbiome formation, which has implications for predicting the contributions of microbes to plant productivity in ever‐changing environments.
Anaphylaxis and epinephrine autoinjector use in pediatric patients with cutaneous mastocytosis
Authors: Ertugrul Aysegul , Baskaya Nevzat , Cetin Sema , Bostanci Ilknur 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesMastocytosis is a complex disorder presenting with a broad clinical spectrum. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of systemic symptoms, necessity of the usage of epinephrine autoinjectors (EAI), and factors affecting the use of EAI among pediatric patients with cutaneous mastocytosis (CM).MethodsThe study population was composed of 53 patients with CM. The clinical data were collected from the medical files. A questionnaire about the patient's anaphylaxis experiences and treatment attitudes toward EAI was performed.ResultsThirty‐three of 53 patients were male (62.3%), and the median age of the study participants was 80 months. Anaphylaxis was reported in two patients (3.7%). One of the patients had drug‐induced anaphylaxis, and the other had venom‐induced anaphylaxis. Three patients (5.6%) reported a personal history of EAI use due to systemic symptoms. Patients with higher serum tryptase level and cases of familial mastocytosis had more systemic symptoms (P = .012 and P = .010, respectively). The patient rate of compliance with EAI for prescription filling and carrying the EAI was 88.7% and 79.2% respectively. 41.5% of parents were hesitant to use EAI when necessary, although they were trained for the use of it by medical staff.ConclusionsThe rate of anaphylaxis in patients with CM in the current study wassignificant and justifies prescribing EAI. Detailed education and counseling on EAI usage are needed to reduce parental hesitancy.
Retrospective review of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis in pediatric patients
Authors: Xiao Teresa L. , Duan Grace Y. , Stein Sarah L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesConfluent and reticulated papillomatosis is a skin condition with unclear etiology and limited understanding of risk factors, comorbidities, and treatment strategies in the pediatric population. This study aims to describe the varied presentations and outcomes of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis and report associated comorbidities in pediatric patients.MethodsIn this retrospective single‐institution case‐control study, pediatric patients with a diagnosis of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis seen between 2012 and 2020 were matched approximately 1:5 with an acne vulgaris cohort based on diagnosis, setting, and time period when seen. The primary measures were the clinical features, demographics, comorbidities, treatment, and outcomes of patients with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to describe the association of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis with several potential risk factors and comorbidities.ResultsPatients with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis typically presented in adolescence with a median age of 14 years and female predominance. In a multivariable analysis, patients with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis were significantly more likely to identify as Black, be overweight or obese, and have concurrent acanthosis nigricans compared to control patients. Most of the confluent and reticulated papillomatosis patients were treated with oral minocycline or doxycycline. Although all patients who received antibiotics responded to treatment, approximately half presented with recurrence, typically within 1–2 years of first treatment.ConclusionsConfluent and reticulated papillomatosis is a disorder that presents in adolescence and appears to be more frequent in patients who are Black, obese, or overweight, and also have acanthosis nigricans. Clinicians should assess patients with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis for comorbidities, particularly those associated with insulin resistance, which may help reduce long‐term disease burden.
An unusual pediatric case of atypical spitzoid neoplasm
Authors: Sitenga Graison , Aird Jenna , Wieland Carilyn , Moran Steven L. , Tollefson Megha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpitzoid melanocytic lesions describe a spectrum of pediatric melanocytic proliferations ranging from benign Spitz nevi to malignant spitzoid melanomas typically arising within the first two decades of life. Atypical spitzoid neoplasm (ASN) is a poorly defined category within this spectrum that poses a unique diagnostic challenge due to histologic findings with insufficient atypical characteristics to make the diagnosis of melanoma. This report presents an exceptionally rare case of an ulcerative atypical spitzoid neoplasm mimicking an infantile hemangioma in a two‐month‐old girl treated with pulse dyed laser (PDL) and surgical excision. Our patient ultimately underwent five excisions over a 2‐year period, with successful maintenance of function and dexterity of the affected fingers.
Involvement of brain structures in childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Ito Yuji , Maki Yuki , Okai Yu , Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Bagarinao Epifanio , Takeuchi Tomoya , Ohno Atsuko , Nakata Tomohiko , Ishihara Naoko , Okumura Akihisa , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Maesawa Satoshi , Natsume Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate electroencephalography (EEG)‐functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings to elucidate the interictal epileptiform discharge (IED)‐related functional alterations in deep brain structures and the neocortex in childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (CECTS).MethodsTen children with CECTS (median age 8.2 years), referred to our hospital within a year of onset, were eligible for inclusion. They underwent EEG‐fMRI recording during sleep. Llongitudinal evaluations, including medical examinations, intelligence tests, and questionnaires about developmental disabilities, were performed. The initial evaluation was performed at the same time as the EEG‐fMRI, and the second evaluation was performed over 2 years after the initial evaluation.ResultsThree children were unable to maintain sleep during the EEG‐fMRI recording, and the remaining seven children were eligible for further assessment. All patients showed unilateral‐dominant centrotemporal spikes during scans. One patient had only positive hemodynamic responses, while the others had both positive and negative hemodynamic responses. All patients showed IED‐related hemodynamic responses in the bilateral neocortex. For deep brain structures, IED‐related hemodynamic responses were observed in the cingulate gyrus (n = 4), basal ganglia (n = 3), thalamus (n = 2), and default mode network (n = 1). Seizure frequencies at the second evaluation were infrequent or absent, and the longitudinal results of intelligence tests and questionnaires were within normal ranges.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that IEDs affect broad brain areas, including deep brain structures such as the cingulate gyrus, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Deep brain structures may play an important role in the pathophysiology of CECTS.
Psychometric validation and cross‐cultural comparison of the Romantic Inclination Scale
Authors: Kanth Barani , van Dulmen Manfred H. M. , De Luca Bishop Haylee , S Kadhiravan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch on romantic involvement among young adults in non‐Western populations is very sparse. In Study 1, using data from 718 young adults from India, we tested the factorial structure and measurement invariance (MI) of a 30‐item Romantic Inclination Scale (RIS). The results showed that a seven‐factor, 23‐item solution fitted the data well. MI analysis demonstrated partial metric invariance across gender and partial scalar invariance across relationship history. In Study 2, involving participants from India (n = 424) and the United States (n = 459), we compared the psychometric properties of the RIS. The seven‐factor, 23‐item version of the RIS fitted the data adequately, and partial metric invariance was achieved across the Indian and US samples. Cross‐cultural research implications and future directions are discussed.
Social structural explanation
Authors: Soon Valerie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSocial problems such as racism, sexism, and inequality are often cited as structural rather than individual in nature. What does it mean to invoke a social structural explanation, and how do such explanations relate to individualistic ones? This article explores recent philosophical debates concerning the nature and usages of social structural explanation. I distinguish between two central kinds of social structural explanation: those that are autonomous from psychology, and those that are not. This distinction will help clarify the explanatory power that each type of SSE has, points of convergence with methodological traditions such as critical theory and rational choice theory, and the difficulties that each type of SSE faces.
Factors linked to accessing COVID‐19 recommendations among working migrants
Authors: Zlotnick Cheryl , Dryjanska Laura , Suckerman Suzanne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesGuided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study explored factors associated with accessing COVID‐19 health information.Design/sampleA cross‐sectional study design was used.SampleMigrants (n = 259) employed in Israel prior to the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic were recruited.MeasurementsThe on‐line questionnaire included: The Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Brief Resilience Coping Scale and Immigrants' Language Ability scale.ResultsMigrants obtaining COVID‐19 information when issued were more likely to have decreased employment or unemployment after COVID‐19 government restrictions (OR = 1.98; CI = 1.03, 3.89; p < .05) and more likely to have a better language ability (OR = 1.20; CI = 1.10, 1.32, p < .0001), but they were less likely to use family and/or friends as their COVID‐19 health resource (OR = 0.54, CI = 0.30, 0.96; p < .05). Migrants encountering the most employment difficulties were: female (p < .05), older age (p < .05), unmarried (p < .01), with unstable finances (p < .0001), and in Israel less than 5 years (p < .01).ConclusionsMigrants with more precarious employment had more societal disadvantage (i.e., women, older age, unmarried, poorer socioeconomic status, and newer migrants) and relied on informal and potentially inaccurate, health sources. Public health officials aiming to decrease COVID‐19 infection must improve health information access to all members of society, particularly at‐risk groups such as migrants.