bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On dust evolution in planet-forming discs in binary systems – II. Comparison with Taurus and ρ Ophiuchus (sub-)millimetre observations: discs in binaries have small dust sizes
Authors: Zagaria Francesco , Rosotti Giovanni P , Lodato Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The recently discovered exoplanets in binary or higher order multiple stellar systems sparked a new interest in the study of protoplanetary discs in stellar aggregations. Here, we focus on disc solids, as they make up the reservoir out of which exoplanets are assembled and dominate (sub-)millimetre disc observations. These observations suggest that discs in binary systems are fainter and smaller than in isolated systems. In addition, disc dust sizes are consistent with tidal truncation only if they orbit very eccentric binaries. In a previous study, we showed that the presence of a stellar companion hastens the radial migration of solids, shortening disc lifetime, and challenging planet formation. In this paper, we confront our theoretical and numerical results with observations: Disc dust fluxes and sizes from our models are computed at ALMA wavelengths and compared with Taurus and ρ Ophiuchus data. A general agreement between theory and observations is found. In particular, we show that the dust disc sizes are generally smaller than the binary truncation radius due to the combined effect of grain growth and radial drift: Therefore, small disc sizes do not require implausibly high eccentricities to be explained. Furthermore, the observed binary discs are compatible within 1σ with a quadratic flux–radius correlation similar to that found for single-star discs and show a close match with the models. However, the observational sample of resolved binary discs is still small and additional data are required to draw more robust conclusions on the flux–radius correlation and how it depends on the binary properties.
The impact of mixing treatments on cloud modelling in 3D simulations of hot Jupiters
Authors: Christie D A , Mayne N J , Lines S , Parmentier V , Manners J , Boutle I , Drummond B , Mikal-Evans T , Sing D K , Kohary K 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present results of 3D hydrodynamical simulations of HD209458b including a coupled, radiatively active cloud model (eddysed). We investigate the role of the mixing by replacing the default convective treatment used in previous works with a more physically relevant mixing treatment (Kzz) based on global circulation. We find that uncertainty in the efficiency of sedimentation through the sedimentation factor fsed plays a larger role in shaping cloud thickness and its radiative feedback on the local gas temperatures – e.g. hotspot shift and day-to-night side temperature gradient – than the switch in mixing treatment. We demonstrate using our new mixing treatments that simulations with cloud scales that are a fraction of the pressure scale height improve agreement with the observed transmission spectra, the emission spectra, and the Spitzer 4.5 µm phase curve, although our models are still unable to reproduce the optical and ultraviolet transmission spectra. We also find that the inclusion of cloud increases the transit asymmetry in the optical between the east and west limbs, although the difference remains small ($\lesssim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$).
Binary central stars of planetary nebulae identified with Kepler/K2
Authors: Jacoby George H , Hillwig Todd C , Jones David , Martin Kayla , De Marco Orsola , Kronberger Matthias , Hurowitz Jonathan L , Crocker Alison F , Dey Josh 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the identification of 34 likely binary central stars (CSs) of planetary nebulae (PNe) from Kepler/K2 data, seven of which show eclipses. Of these, 29 are new discoveries. Two additional CSs with more complicated variability are also presented. We examined the light curves of all ‘possible’, ‘likely’, and ‘true’ PNe in every Kepler/K2 campaign (0 through 19) to identify CS variability that may indicate a binary CS. For Campaigns 0, 2, 7, 15, and 16, we find 6 likely or confirmed variables among 21 PNe. Our primary effort, though, was focused on Campaign 11 which targeted a Galactic bulge field containing approximately 183 PNe, in which we identified 30 candidate variable CSs. The periods of these variables range from 2.3 h to 30 d, and based on our analysis, most are likely to be close binary star systems. We present periods and preliminary classifications (eclipsing, double degenerate, or irradiated systems) for the likely binaries based on light-curve shape. From our total sample of 204 target PNe, with a correction for incompleteness due to magnitude limits, we calculate a binary fraction of PN central stars to be 20.7 per cent for all the observed PNe, or 23.5 per cent if we limit our sample only to ‘true’ PNe. However, these fractions are almost certainly lower limits due to the large angular size of the Kepler pixels, which leads to reduced sensitivity in detecting variability, primarily as a result of dilution and noise from the nebula and neighbouring stars. We discuss the binary population of CSs based on these results as part of the total known sample of close binary CSs.
A hard X-ray view of luminous and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies in GOALS – I. AGN obscuration along the merger sequence
Authors: Ricci C , Privon G C , Pfeifle R W , Armus L , Iwasawa K , Torres-Albà N , Satyapal S , Bauer F E , Treister E , Ho L C , Aalto S , Arévalo P , Barcos-Muñoz L , Charmandaris V , Diaz-Santos T , Evans A S , Gao T , Inami H , Koss M J , Lansbury G , Linden S T , Medling A , Sanders D B , Song Y , Stern D , U V , Ueda Y , Yamada S 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The merger of two or more galaxies can enhance the inflow of material from galactic scales into the close environments of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), obscuring and feeding the supermassive black hole (SMBH). Both recent simulations and observations of AGN in mergers have confirmed that mergers are related to strong nuclear obscuration. However, it is still unclear how AGN obscuration evolves in the last phases of the merger process. We study a sample of 60 luminous and ultra-luminous IR galaxies (U/LIRGs) from the GOALS sample observed by NuSTAR. We find that the fraction of AGNs that are Compton thick (CT; $N_{\rm H}\ge 10^{24}\rm \, cm^{-2}$) peaks at $74_{-19}^{+14}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at a late merger stage, prior to coalescence, when the nuclei have projected separations (dsep) of 0.4–6 kpc. A similar peak is also observed in the median NH [$(1.6\pm 0.5)\times 10^{24}\rm \, cm^{-2}$]. The vast majority ($85^{+7}_{-9}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) of the AGNs in the final merger stages (dsep ≲ 10 kpc) are heavily obscured ($N_{\rm H}\ge 10^{23}\rm \, cm^{-2}$), and the median NH of the accreting SMBHs in our sample is systematically higher than that of local hard X-ray-selected AGN, regardless of the merger stage. This implies that these objects have very obscured nuclear environments, with the $N_{\rm H}\ge 10^{23}\rm \, cm^{-2}$ gas almost completely covering the AGN in late mergers. CT AGNs tend to have systematically higher absorption-corrected X-ray luminosities than less obscured sources. This could either be due to an evolutionary effect, with more obscured sources accreting more rapidly because they have more gas available in their surroundings, or to a selection bias. The latter scenario would imply that we are still missing a large fraction of heavily obscured, lower luminosity ($L_{2-10}\lesssim 10^{43}\rm \, erg\, s^{-1}$) AGNs in U/LIRGs.
On the role of Type Ia supernovae in the second-generation star formation in globular clusters
Authors: Lacchin E , Calura F , Vesperini E 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
By means of 3D hydrodynamic simulations, we study how Type Ia supernovae (SNe) explosions affect the star formation history and the chemical properties of second-generation (SG) stars in globular clusters (GC). SG stars are assumed to form once first generation asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars start releasing their ejecta; during this phase, external gas is accreted by the system and SNe Ia begin exploding, carving hot and tenuous bubbles. Given the large uncertainty on SNe Ia explosion times, we test two different values for the ‘delay time’. We run two different models for the external gas density: in the low-density scenario with short delay time, the explosions start at the beginning of the SG star formation, halting it in its earliest phases. The external gas hardly penetrates the system, therefore most SG stars present extreme helium abundances (Y &gt; 0.33). The low-density model with delayed SN explosions has a more extended SG star formation epoch and includes SG stars with modest helium enrichment. On the contrary, the high-density model is weakly affected by SN explosions, with a final SG mass similar to the one obtained without SNe Ia. Most of the stars form from a mix of AGB ejecta and pristine gas and have a modest helium enrichment. We show that gas from SNe Ia may produce an iron spread of ∼0.14 dex, consistent with the spread found in about $20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of Galactic GCs, suggesting that SNe Ia might have played a key role in the formation of this sub-sample of GCs.
A Canker Barking at the Wrong Knee: Thyronectria austroamericana Septic Arthritis
Authors: Rutjanawech Sasinuch , Mejia-Chew Carlos , Ayres Chapelle , Spec Andrej 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The mold Thyronectria austroamericana is a plant pathogen that causes canker in honey locust trees. We describe the first case of this mold causing septic arthritis in humans.
Predictors of Self-Reported Neglect-like Symptoms and Involuntary Movements in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Compared to Other Chronic Limb Pain Conditions
Authors: Ten Brink Antonia F , Bultitude Janet H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
In addition to pain, people with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) often report inattention to and disengagement from their affected limb (i.e., “neglect-like symptoms”). Understanding how these symptoms relate to other characteristics of CRPS, and chronic pain generally, could provide insights for preventing and treating CRPS.

Methods
We administered an online survey to people who received a diagnosis of CRPS (n = 335) and other chronic limb pain (n = 407). Neglect-like symptoms were assessed using the Neurobehavioral questionnaire.

Results
A principal component analysis identified two components: motor and cognitive neglect-like symptoms, and involuntary movements. Internal consistency of the components was acceptable. We conducted regression analyses with these as outcomes. Having CRPS, a painful lower limb, higher pain intensity, and somatic symptoms were associated with more motor and cognitive neglect-like symptoms. Having CRPS, higher pain intensity, depression, and somatic symptoms were associated with more involuntary movements. Age, gender, anxiety, disease duration, hours of pain per day, affected side, whether the limb was the most painful body part, and number of pain-related medical diagnoses were no predictors. Finally, motor and cognitive neglect-like symptoms were related to tremor; and involuntary movements to changes in skin color, swelling, sweating, toenails, weakness, and tremor.

Conclusions
This study confirms the specificity of inattention to and disengagement from the affected limb in CRPS, independent of other factors. Furthermore, two components of the Neurobehavioral questionnaire were disentangled: motor and cognitive neglect-like symptoms, and involuntary movements. Results could potentially help clinicians to better assess neglect-like symptoms in chronic pain .
In vivoinducing collagen regeneration of biodegradable polymer microspheres
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Liang Hanwen , Luo Qian , Chen Jianlin , Zhao Nan , Gao Wenxia , Pu Yuji , He Bin , Xie Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiodegradable polymer particles have been used as dermal fillers for pre-clinical and clinical trials. The impact of material properties of polymers is very important to develop products for aesthetic medicine such as dermal fillers. Herein, eight biodegradable polymers with different molecular weights, chemical compositions or hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties were prepared and characterized for systematical study for aesthetic medicine applications. Polymer microspheres with 20–100 μm were prepared. The in vitro degradation study showed that poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) 75/25 microspheres degraded the fastest, whereas poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) microspheres with intrinsic viscosity of 6.89 ([η] = 6.89) with the highest molecular weight showed the slowest degradation rate. After these microspheres were fabricated dermal fillers according to the formula of Sculptra®, they were injected subcutaneously into the back skin of rabbits. In vivo results demonstrated that the degradation rate of microspheres strongly correlated with the foreign body reaction and collagen regeneration was induced by microspheres. The microspheres with faster degradation rate induced inflammatory response and the collagen regeneration maintained in shorter time. PLLA ([η] = 3.80) microsphere with a moderate molecular weight and degradation rate could strongly regenerate Type I and III collagen to maintain a long-term aesthetic medicine effect. These properties of size, morphology and degradation behavior would influence the foreign body reaction and collagen regeneration.
“Please Don’t Take This”: Rural Gentrification, Symbolic Capital, and Housing Insecurity
Authors: Sherman Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Based on 84 in-depth interviews and ten months of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper examines the impacts of gentrification and housing shortages in a rural Western U.S. community. In-migration by wealthy outsiders to the high-amenity community has driven up housing costs, privileging newcomers over longtime locals. The paper examines the impacts of social inequality on the community’s most vulnerable residents, exploring the ways in which housing insecurity is reproduced and how formal and informal infrastructures fail to provide adequate housing options for low-income residents. While income is a significant factor in determining an individual or family’s ability to access stable and affordable housing, symbolic resources, including social and moral capital are also found to play significant roles. The paper describes the mechanisms by which these resources come into play, illustrating how a lack of financial, social, and moral capital disadvantages residents in their struggles to procure housing. It finds that in a rural context where in-migration leads to high inequality, socially marginalized rural residents face a distinctive set of challenges and disadvantages that magnify housing instability and deepen exclusion and precariousness.
Detailed Episodic Memory Depends on Concurrent Reactivation of Basic Visual Features within the Posterior Hippocampus and Early Visual Cortex
Authors: Bone Michael B , Buchsbaum Bradley R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The hippocampus is a key brain region for the storage and retrieval of episodic memories, but how it performs this function is unresolved. Leading theories posit that the hippocampus stores a sparse representation, or “index,” of the pattern of neocortical activity that occurred during perception. During retrieval, reactivation of the index by a partial cue facilitates the reactivation of the associated neocortical pattern. Therefore, episodic retrieval requires joint reactivation of the hippocampal index and the associated neocortical networks. To test this theory, we examine the relation between performance on a recognition memory task requiring retrieval of image-specific visual details and feature-specific reactivation within the hippocampus and neocortex. We show that trial-by-trial recognition accuracy correlates with neural reactivation of low-level features (e.g., luminosity and edges) within the posterior hippocampus and early visual cortex for participants with high recognition lure accuracy. As predicted, the two regions interact, such that recognition accuracy correlates with hippocampal reactivation only when reactivation co-occurs within the early visual cortex (and vice versa). In addition to supporting leading theories of hippocampal function, our findings show large individual differences in the features underlying visual memory and suggest that the anterior and posterior hippocampus represents gist-like and detailed features, respectively.
Real-time polymerase chain reaction on filter paper spotted samples: a gateway to molecular diagnosis of invasive bacterial diseases for rural areas in low-income countries
Authors: De Vitis Elisa , Ricci Silvia , Nieddu Francesco , Moriondo Maria , Cortimiglia Martina , Casini Arianna , Lodi Lorenzo , Indolfi Giuseppe , Azzari Chiara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Bacterial culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of invasive bacterial diseases (IBDs) but molecular methods are more specific and sensitive. Fresh liquid samples (FLSs) show patent limitations for shipping and storage. We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed on dried sample spots (DSSs) obtained from different biological fluids compared with real-time PCR or culture performed on FLSs.

Methods
FLSs positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bordetella pertussis and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were spotted on filter paper. Real-time PCR was performed on both FLSs and DSSs and results were compared. The stability of the DSS results over time was evaluated.

Results
Real-time PCR performed on 114 DSSs showed a specificity of 99.1% and a sensitivity of 91.2% for IBD diagnosis. A positive correlation was found between FLS cycle threshold (Ct) and DSS Ct (r=0.84; r2=0.71) with the Pearson statistical test and Bland–Altman analysis showing that 95% of the specimens were within agreeable limits. Although we observed a trend towards signal reduction over time in the DSSs, there was no statistical evidence of an increase in Ct values. Real-time PCR on DSSs was 2.2 times more sensitive than culture.

Conclusions
Real-time PCR applied to DSSs may be a useful approach in different situations, such as IBD diagnosis, both for rural areas of low-income countries and family practitioners in various settings.
Serendipita Fungi Modulate the Switchgrass Root Transcriptome to Circumvent Host Defenses and Establish a Symbiotic Relationship
Authors: Ray Prasun , Guo Yingqing , Chi Myoung-Hwan , Krom Nick , Boschiero Clarissa , Watson Bonnie , Huhman David , Zhao Patrick , Singan Vasanth R , Lindquist Erika A. , Yan Juying , Adam Catherine , Craven Kelly D. 
Published: July 2021

The fungal family Serendipitaceae encompasses root-associated lineages with endophytic, ericoid, orchid, and ectomycorrhizal lifestyles. Switchgrass is an important bioenergy crop for cellulosic ethanol production owing to high biomass production on marginal soils otherwise unfit for food crop cultivation. The aim of this study was to investigate the host plant responses to Serendipita spp. colonization by characterizing the switchgrass root transcriptome during different stages of symbiosis in vitro. For this, we included a native switchgrass strain, Serendipita bescii, and a related strain, S. vermifera, isolated from Australian orchids. Serendipita colonization progresses from thin hyphae that grow between root cells to, finally, the production of large, bulbous hyphae that fill root cells during the later stages of colonization. We report that switchgrass seems to perceive both fungi prior to physical contact, leading to the activation of chemical and structural defense responses and putative host disease resistance genes. Subsequently, the host defense system appears to be quenched and carbohydrate metabolism adjusted, potentially to accommodate the fungal symbiont. In addition, prior to contact, switchgrass exhibited significant increases in root hair density and root surface area. Furthermore, genes involved in phytohormone metabolism such as gibberellin, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid were activated during different stages of colonization. Both fungal strains induced plant gene expression in a similar manner, indicating a conserved plant response to members of this fungal order. Understanding plant responsiveness to Serendipita spp. will inform our efforts to integrate them into forages and row crops for optimal plant–microbe functioning, thus facilitating low-input, sustainable agricultural practices. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A Systematic Review of Depression and Anxiety in Adults with Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: McPhie Meghan L. , Fletcher Joshua , Machado Myrela O. , Carvalho Andre F. , Piguet Vincent , Alavi Afsaneh 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence and odds for anxiety and depression in adults with pyoderma gangrenosum (PG).

DATA SOURCES
Observational studies examining anxiety and depression in adults with PG were systematically searched using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases from the inception of each database to March 11, 2020.

STUDY SELECTION
Two authors independently screened references based on predetermined eligibility criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION
Of the 244 articles identified, three met the eligibility criteria. Relevant data were extracted from included studies, and methodological quality was evaluated independently by two authors using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Three observational studies comprising 183 participants with PG met the inclusion criteria. Estimated rates of depression in adults with PG ranged from 10% to 23%. None of the studies measured rates of anxiety.

CONCLUSIONS
The current systematic review suggests that depression is a common psychological comorbidity in adults with PG. Additional research is required to further assess the psychological comorbidities in this population.
Wound Care Consultation in Postacute/Long-term Care: Characteristics and Practice Implications
Authors: Levine Jeffrey M. , Brandeis Gary , Namagiri Santhini , Spinner Ruth 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To study the characteristics of residents in postacute (PA)/long-term care (LTC) facilities with wounds and prevalence of wound types other than pressure injuries (PIs).

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective review of all wound care consultations over 1 year at The New Jewish Home, a 514-bed academically affiliated facility in an urban setting. Investigators analyzed residents by age, sex, type of wound, presence of infection, and whether the resident was PA or LTC. Authors designated PIs as facility acquired or present on admission.

RESULTS
During the study period, 190 wound care consultations were requested; 74.7% of consults were for those in PA care. The average patient age was 76.3 years, and there were 1.7 wounds per resident receiving consultation. Of studied wounds, 53.2% were PIs, 15.8% surgical, 6.8% arterial, 6.3% soft tissue injury, 5.8% venous, 2.6% malignant wounds, and 2.1% diabetic ulcers; however, 11.6% of residents receiving consults had more than one wound type. In this sample, 13.2% of residents had infected wounds, and 76.2% of PIs were present on admission.

CONCLUSIONS
The wide variety of wounds in this sample reflects the medical complexity of this population. The transformation of LTC into a PA environment has altered the epidemiology of chronic wounds and increased demand for wound care expertise. These results challenge traditional perceptions of wound care centered on PIs. Given its importance, a wound care skill set should be required of all PA/LTC providers.