bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FRA ADFÆRDSSTYRENDE KONTROL TIL INDIVIDUEL DIGITAL MEDIERING
Authors: Børsen Tom , Steenhold Line 
Published: December 2021

Denne teknoantropologiske artikel analyserer med kritisk teknologiteori ledige a-kassemedlemmers interaktion med dagpengesystemets digitale værktøjer. På baggrund af observationer på jobcentre og a-kasser samt interviews med ledige og jobkonsulenter kortlægger artiklen, hvordan ledige opfatter dagpengesystemets digitale platforme som ukoordinerede, svære at navigere i, unyttige, meningsløse, adfærdsstyrende og kontrollerende. Analysen bidrager til at belyse, hvordan digitale værktøjer påvirker lediges adfærd samt praksis, og den stiller således skarpt på, hvordan digitalisering og adfærd er viklet ind i hinanden. Et felt, hvor det personlige møde forsvinder i effektiviseringen, fordi det digitale erstatter eller overtager det personlige møde. Truslen om økonomiske sanktioner bliver medieret gennem digitale styringsværktøjer, som får ledige til at frygte, at de ikke gør det godt nok, eller at de kommer til at lave fejl. Dette får ledige til at udvikle handlestrategier, der tilfredsstiller systemets krav, men ikke er rettet mod at få et job. Artiklens anden del præsenterer lediges egne forslag til forbedring af de digitale værktøjer. Konkret foreslås de digitale ressourcer redesignet væk fra den kontrolfunktion, de i dag understøtter, til at mediere individuel digital identitet, herunder digital støtte til den enkelte i jobsøgningen.
Søgeord: ledige, dagpengesystemet i Danmark, Jobnet.dk, teknoantropologi, kritisk teknologiteori, individuel digital mediering
TRÆER OG ANDRE(S) ARTER I AMAZONAS
Authors: Krøijer Stine 
Published: December 2021

Flerartsantropologien tager ofte „relationen“ som selvindlysende analytiske udgangspunkt. Denne artikel udforsker grænserne for det relationelle ved at beskrive to former for økologisk andethed med afsæt i det vanskelige forhold mellem en shaman og en ny hybrid oliepalme, som secoyafolket har introduceret på deres territorium i ecuadoriansk Amazonas. Oliepalmen har skabt et relationelt tomrum, som konkret opstod i kølvandet på en fælles beslutning om at rydde skoven og kaste sig ud i kommerciel palmeolieproduktion som underleverandør til et plantagefirma. I dialog med shamanens viden om træer og andre arter i skoven tegner jeg konturerne af to former for økologisk andethed, der på forskellige måder forbinder planter med områdets kolonihistorie.
Søgeord: Amazonas, secoya (siekopai), agroindustri, skov, arter og andethed (alteritet)
Biotemplating of Metal–Organic Framework Nanocrystals for Applications in Small‐Scale Robotics
Authors: Terzopoulou Anastasia , Palacios‐Corella Mario , Franco Carlos , Sevim Semih , Dysli Thomas , Mushtaq Fajer , Romero‐Angel María , Martí‐Gastaldo Carlos , Gong De , Cai Jun , Chen Xiang‐Zhong , Pumera Martin , deMello Andrew J. , Nelson Bradley J. , Pané Salvador , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiotemplating is a powerful approach for manufacturing small‐scale devices. Here, the assembly of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals onto biotemplated magnetic helical structures on the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis is reported. It is demonstrated that the authors’ approach is universal and can be used to equip biotemplated structures with different functional MOF systems. The successful assembly of MOF nanocrystals on magnetically coated helical biotemplates is achieved by decorating the magnetic surface with gelatin, a naturally occurring macromolecule with synthon moieties that allows anchoring of the MOF nanocrystals via electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, as gelatin is a thermally responsive material, it can serve to free the magnetic biotemplates from the MOF nanocrystal cargoes. As such, the systems can be used as highly integrated magnetically driven microrobots with multiple functionalities. To this end, the potential of these composite helical architectures is demonstrated as MOF‐based small‐scale robots with applications in biomedicine and environmental remediation.
Space–Time–Frequency Modulation Mechanisms of Monochromatic and Nonmonochromatic Electromagnetic Waves on a Digital Programmable Transmission Metasurface
Authors: Wan Xiang , Wang Jia Wei , Huang Zi Ai , Li Bai Yang , Xiao Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBy dynamically configuring unit structures, a digital programmable metasurface (DPM) can perform space, time, and frequency modulations of electromagnetic (EM) waves directly on the aperture, and hence linking the metasurface physics to digital information worlds. However, the interactions between DPMs and EM waves have not yet been systematically and efficiently depicted. Based on the Huygens–Fresnel principle and Fourier analysis, here the authors demonstrate the foundations of space–time–frequency joint controls of monochromatic or nonmonochromatic EM waves by DPM. Due to linear superposition properties of Fourier transform in the analysis, the space– and time–frequency modulations are naturally decoupled, hence enabling simultaneous and independent space–time–frequency controls of the EM waves. A transmissive DPM is designed and fabricated to interpret the space–time–frequency joint modulations. This work will facilitate the researches on DPMs and promote the applications of DPMs in wireless communications, intelligent sensing, and radar systems.
Four‐Channel Kaleidoscopic Metasurfaces Enabled by a Single‐Layered Single‐Cell Quad‐Band Meta‐Atom
Authors: Xie Rensheng , Fang Xin , Zhang Dajun , Wang Xiong , Chen Ke , An Sensong , Zheng Bowen , Zhang Hualiang , Feng Yijun , Ding Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultichannel devices, which can manipulate multiple distinguished wavefronts like a kaleidoscope, are preferably desired for compact systems with higher integration and smaller footprint. Particularly, multiband metasurfaces are one of the intuitive and effective approaches to expand the number of the operation channels in meta‐devices. In this work, a strategy to design four‐channel metasurface based on a novel single‐cell quad‐band meta‐atom is proposed for the kaleidoscopic wavefront manipulations. While illuminating a circularly polarized wave, the independent 2π phase shifts at four distinct frequencies can be obtained by the single‐layered substrate meta‐atom with almost theoretically maximal transmission amplitudes. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a four‐channel metasurface is designed to realize a single‐vortex beam generator, a dual‐vortex beam generator, a meta‐hologram, and a focusing metalens in channels 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The experiment and full‐wave simulation results agree very well with each other, validating the design concept. The proposed strategy has increased the number of operation frequencies for a single‐cell meta‐atom while guaranteeing the electromagnetic performance, and may lead to advances in a variety of multifunctional devices with a compact structure such as ultra‐thin metalenses, beam generators, and holographic displays.
The Potential of Phosphorus Nitride Monolayer for Li–S Battery from the Anchoring and Diffusing Perspective: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Zheng Xinyi , Lin Shiru , Kong Dalin , Wei Yadong , Pang Kaijuan , Ku RuiQi , Kaner Ngeywo Tolbert , Xu Xiaodong , Sha Ming , Liu Jinhong , Huang Hongxi , Yang Jianqun , Shi HongYan , Li Xingji , Li Weiqi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is strongly dependent on the sulfur electrodes materials. Due to the chemical interaction between electrodes and intermediates produced in charging and discharging process, the Janus‐polar two dimensional (2D) electrode materials can enhance the electrochemical performance of Li–S battery by overcoming shuttle effect and increasing diffusion rates. Here, it is explored the structural, electronic, and dynamic characteristics of Li ion, S8 cluster, and lithium polysulfides adsorbed over Janus Phosphorus Nitride monolayer with blue phosphorene phase (b‐PN) by using first‐principles calculations. The reported findings highlight potential of the b‐PN monolayer as a good host material, given that the large absorption energies of different clusters vary from −0.47 to −3.78 eV, which can suppress shuttle effect effectively. These strong adsorptions are origin from the chemical interaction between nitrogen atoms of the b‐PN and Li atoms in lithium polysulfides in present work. Particularly, it is predicted that b‐PN monolayer has extremely small diffusion barriers for Li ion and Li2S8 clusters of 0.10 and 0.03 eV, which leading to a higher battery charge and discharge rate than reported graphene and MoS2. It is hoped that this efficient strategy for promising host materials of sulfur‐electrode guides the development of next‐generation lithium–sulfur batteries.
Ultrafast Ferroelectric Domain Switching Induced by Nano‐Second Strain‐Pulse
Authors: Shi Xiaoming , Wang Jing , Cheng Xingwang , Huang Houbing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFerroelectric materials subjected to ultrafast external stimuli have been demonstrated to exhibit dynamic phenomena with potential applications in the high‐speed operation of ferroelectric data‐storage devices. A modified phase‐field model is developed to investigate the ferroelectric domain evolution for Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 bulk materials under nano‐second strain‐pulse stimuli. In contrast to the ultrafast electric field pulses, where the ferroelectric domain is switched through domain‐wall motion over the entire duration of the pulses, the nano‐second strain‐pulse induces ultrafast domain switching at the beginning of the pulse, after which the domain structure of the material remains stable. A tensile strain pulse (10 ns) with a critical magnitude of 4.4% is demonstrated to completely switch c domain to a domain. In addition, c domain can also be fully switched to a domain through multiple‐step domain reversals under the periodic small magnitude (2.0%) of strain pulses (5 ns). The theoretical insights obtained in this work are expected to provide useful guidance for exploring and manipulating the ultrafast dynamic functionalities of ferroelectric materials.
Exploiting Petri Nets for Graphical Modelling of Electromagnetic Pulse Switching Operations
Authors: Ventisei Alessandro , Yakovlev Alex , Pacheco‐Peña Victor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost of the current computing technology relies on semiconductor‐based devices to perform fundamental switching/routing processes, however, recent advances in the field of optical computing have demonstrated that interconnected waveguides (in a series and/or parallel configuration) can enable high‐speed switching and routing of transverse electromagnetic (TEM) square pulses, creating new paradigms for alternative solutions in computing. In this work, a new approach for the modelling of TEM square pulse switching and routing in interconnected waveguides is proposed by unleashing the potential of Petri‐Nets (PNs). PNs are a highly regarded graphical modelling technique used in multiple scenarios ranging from industrial engineering, electronic circuits and even in chemical engineering for the study of chemical reactions. The fundamental principles of PNs along with their potential to graphically represent systems of equations are presented. These features are then exploited to represent the interaction of TEM square pulses in waveguide junctions using three or four interconnected waveguides (series and parallel configurations). This work represents a fundamental step toward allowing experts from multiple fields (such as computer science, electronics, and photonics) to contribute to the design of future computing systems by exploiting PNs in the design of electromagnetic wave‐based computing systems.
Ultralow Light‐Power Consuming Photonic Synapses Based on Ultrasensitive Perovskite/Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Heterojunction Phototransistors
Authors: Cao Yong , Sha Xin , Bai Xianwei , Shao Yan , Gao Yuanhong , Wei Yu‐Ming , Meng Lingqiang , Zhou Ni , Liu Jin , Li Bo , Yu Xue‐Feng , Li Jia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe brain‐inspired neuromorphic parallel computing has become one of the most promising technologies for efficient information processing by overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck of sequential operations. Synapses transmit information among neurons and act as the basic component in neuromorphic computing platforms. Despite the rapid advances in developing artificial synapses, most synaptic devices function electronically and thus numerous merits for photonics such as visual/imaging information processing, less corsstalk, and fast response, have to be compromised. Herein, a light‐stimulated synaptic device (photonic synapses) based on perovskite/In‐Ga‐Zn‐O heterojunction phototransistor is reported. The combination of high‐efficiency light absorber, high‐mobility channel, and heterojunction device architecture leads to efficient photon‐to‐electron conversion and intrinsic high‐gain mechanism for such light‐stimulated synapses. As a result, high performance photonic synapses are obtained with the basic functions of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), and short‐term memory to long‐term memory conversion (STM‐LTM). Importantly, owing to the ultrasensitive photodetection characteristics, the light power consumption of such photonic artificial synapse can be as low as 2.6 picojoule. This study proposes a simple, efficient, and industry‐compatible device concept providing the photosensitive synapses for photonic neural networks by combining the merits of appropriate materials and device architecture.
Impact of COVID‐19 on the Onset and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: A Roadmap for Future Research
Authors: Gordon Marcia N. , Heneka Michael T. , Le Page Lydia M. , Limberger Christian , Morgan David , Tenner Andrea J. , Terrando Niccolò , Willette Auriel A. , Willette Sara A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 causes lasting neurological symptoms in some survivors. Like other infections, COVID‐19 may increase risk of cognitive impairment. This perspective highlights four knowledge gaps about COVID‐19 that need to be filled to avoid this possible health issue. The first is the need to identify the COVID‐19 symptoms, genetic polymorphisms and treatment decisions associated with risk of cognitive impairment. The second is the absence of model systems in which to test hypotheses relating infection to cognition. The third is the need for consortia for studying both existing and new longitudinal cohorts in which to monitor long term consequences of COVID‐19 infection. A final knowledge gap discussed is the impact of the isolation and lack of social services brought about by quarantine/lockdowns on people living with dementia and their caregivers. Research into these areas may lead to interventions that reduce the overall risk of cognitive decline for COVID‐19 survivors.
How good are medical and death records for identifying dementia?
Authors: Schliep Karen C. , Ju Shinyoung , Foster Norman L. , Smith Ken R. , Varner Michael W. , Østbye Truls , Tschanz JoAnn T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionRetrospective studies using administrative data may be an efficient way to assess risk factors for dementia if diagnostic accuracy is known.MethodsWithin‐individual clinical diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and all‐cause dementia in ambulatory (outpatient) surgery, inpatient, Medicare administrative records and death certificates were compared with research diagnoses among participants of Cache County Study on Memory, Health, and Aging (CCSMHA) (1995–2008, N = 5092).ResultsCombining all sources of clinical health data increased sensitivity for identifying all‐cause dementia (71%) and AD (48%), while maintaining relatively high specificity (81% and 93%, respectively). Medicare claims had the highest sensitivity for case identification (57% and 40%, respectively).DiscussionAdministrative health data may provide a less accurate method than a research evaluation for identifying individuals with dementing disease, but accuracy is improved by combining health data sources. Assessing all‐cause dementia versus a specific cause of dementia such as AD will result in increased sensitivity, but at a cost to specificity.
Modified Bessel–Gaussian Vortex Beam with an Adjustable Broken Opening
Authors: Yang Kaibo , Wu Zhenkun , Zhang Yagang , Li Peng , Wen Feng , Gu Yuzong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, an open‐ring controllable Bessel vortex beam is theoretically and experimentally constructed with a power‐exponent‐phase vortex. Its distribution in the far field after being blocked with obstacles is subsequently investigated. In the far field, the beam exhibits different degrees of the open‐loop effect following adjustments in the phase term of the power exponent. For an obstructed beam, the direction of the open loop is offset by a certain value, and different open‐loop angles can be achieved for different blocking angles. The developed beam can be used to guide particles and avoid obstacles.
Manipulation of Multiple Cell–Cell Interactions by Tunable DNA Scaffold Networks
Authors: Guo Zhenzhen , Zhang Lili , Yang Qiuxia , Peng Ruizi , Yuan Xi , Xu Liujun , Wang Zhimin , Chen Fengming , Huang Huidong , Liu Qiaoling , Tan Weihong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractManipulation of cell–cell interactions via cell surface engineering has potential biomedical applications in tissue engineering and cell therapy. However, manipulation of the comprehensive and multiple intercellular interactions remains a challenge and missing elements. Herein, utilizing a DNA triangular prism (TP) and a branched polymer (BP) as functional modules, we fabricate tunable DNA scaffold networks on the cell surface. The responsiveness of cell–cell recognition, aggregation and dissociation could be modulated by aptamer‐functionalized DNA scaffold networks with high accuracy and specificity. By regulating the DNA scaffold networks coated on the cell surface, controlled intercellular molecular transportation is achieved. Our tunable network provides a simple and extendible strategy which addresses a current need in cell surface engineering to precisely manipulate cell–cell interactions and shows promise as a general tool for controllable cell behavior.
Urban Mining Index – Planungs‐ und Bewertungsinstrument für zirkuläres Bauen
Authors: Rosen Anja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMit dem Urban Mining Index wurde an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal ein Planungsinstrument für zirkuläres Bauen entwickelt. Es ist die erste Systematik, die die Kreislauffähigkeit von Baukonstruktionen quantitativ messbar macht und dabei sowohl die Qualität der zirkulären Materialverwendung als auch den Rückbauaufwand und die Wirtschaftlichkeit des selektiven Rückbaus in die Bewertung einbezieht.Zur systematischen Erfassung von Baukonstruktionen wurde eine Matrix in Form eines anwenderfreundlichen Exceltools entwickelt, mit der die Kreislaufpotenziale und der CO2‐Footprint auf Bauteil‐ und Gebäudeebene berechnet und bewertet werden können. Über den gesamten Lebenszyklus eines Bauwerks werden alle eingehenden Materialien und alle daraus entstehenden Wert‐ und Abfallstoffe berechnet und nach den Qualitätsstufen ihrer Nachnutzung bewertet. Der Anteil der zirkulären Baustoffe an der Gesamtmasse aller im Lebenszyklus des Bauwerks verbauten Materialien beziffert das Ergebnis, den Urban Mining Indicator.An ersten Modellprojekten, wie dem Neubau für das Rathaus in Korbach, konnte mit dem „UMI” die Optimierung für das ressourcenschonende Bauen nachgewiesen werden.
Die Klassifizierung des Schallschutzes DnT,w mithilfe des Schalldämm‐Maßes R'w
Authors: Neubauer Reinhard O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGebäude müssen einen ihrer Nutzung entsprechenden Schallschutz gewährleisten. Dieser Schallschutz wird bauordnungsrechtlich geregelt. In Deutschland regelt dies DIN 4109 Teil 1 mit Angabe eines „Mindestschallschutzes”. Darüberhinausgehende Anforderungen werden als „erhöhter Schallschutz” bezeichnet. Eine erhöhte Schalldämmung führt jedoch nicht zwingend zu einem erhöhten Schallschutz. Schallschutz und Schalldämmung sind diesbezüglich nicht gleichzusetzende Begriffe. Der Schallschutz kann durch eine Klassifikation als Bewertungsmaßstab für die Qualität einer Wohnung charakterisiert werden. Verschiedene europäische Länder haben Klassifizierungssysteme eingeführt, zum Teil als Kenngrößen des Schallschutzes (z. B. DnT,w) und zum Teil als Kenngrößen der Schalldämmung (z. B. R'w). In diesem Artikel wird gezeigt, dass eine direkte Zuordnung der Größen R'w und DnT,w nur für bestimmte geometrische Verhältnisse von Raumvolumen und Trennbauteilfläche (V/S) möglich ist. Wird eine zulässige Abweichung zwischen R'w und DnT,w akzeptiert, kann eine Klassierung der Schalldämmwerte (R'w) mit festen Klassengrenzen vorgenommen werden. Damit wird eine Klassifizierung des Schallschutzes mit Bezug auf die beschreibende Kenngrößen DnT,w mithilfe der Größe Bau‐Schalldämm‐Maß R'w möglich. Die Klassifizierung des Schallschutzes unter Verwendung des bewerteten Bau‐Schalldämm‐Maßes R'w bleibt jedoch eine Funktion des geometrischen Verhältnisses von Raumvolumen (V) zu Trennbauteilfläche (S).
Hydrothermal catalysis of waste greases into green gasoline, jet, and diesel biofuels in continuous flow supercritical water
Authors: Fedie Ronald L. , McNeff Clayton V. , McNeff Charles V. , McNeff Larry C. , Greuel Peter G. , Yan Bingwen , Jenkins Julie A. , Brethorst Jason T. , Frost Grant B. , Hoye Thomas R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe production of green gasoline, jet, and diesel biofuels from waste greases was achieved using a novel hydrothermal, continuous‐flow catalytic process operating under supercritical water conditions, with recycled water the only added chemical. Thermally and chemically stable catalysts were explored to optimize yields of liquid biofuels and to minimize production of gases and acidic compounds. A 50:50 mixture of brown and yellow waste greases converted into 76.6 wt% liquid biocrude (BC); the remainder converted to water and gases. Less than 0.2% of the feedstock (FS) formed carbon char (mainly amongst catalyst particles). Various tubular reactors (Inconel, Hastelloy, titanium, stainless) showed no interior defects, erosion, or mass loss after runs. The titanium catalyst was fully recovered and regenerated back to its original potency. The BC was further refined into 28%, 48%, 20%, and 4 wt%, respectively for green gasoline, jet, diesel, and bunker. Biofuels were analyzed for compound class compositions and reaction mechanisms were proposed. Hundreds of identified fuel products (C3‐C35) from processing oleic acid as a pure model compound were identified. The neat green gasoline and diesel biofuels, along with a 50% green jet blend (with petroleum Jet A), were tested in appropriate spark ignition, turbine, and diesel engines at the University of Minnesota Engine Labs. The biofuels achieved 107.7%, 97.2%, and 101.3% engine power performance levels relative to petroleum fuels (91‐Octane, Jet A, #2 Diesel) along with lower CO and pollutant emissions. The biofuels complied with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) fuel specifications (D4814, D7566, D975) including mandated corrosion and low sulfur limits of all three biofuels. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd