bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die aktuelle Therapie des asbestassoziierten malignen Pleuramesothelioms – Ein Experten-Konsensuspapier
Authors: Aigner C. , Brüning T. , Eberhardt W. E. E. , Härter M. , Kaelberlah H.-P. , Metzenmacher M. , Shah R. , Taube C. , Thomas M. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungAsbestverursachte maligne Mesotheliome gehören in Deutschland mit etwa 1000 jährlichen Neuerkrankungen zu den häufigen arbeitsbedingten Krebserkrankungen. Die Prognose ist oftmals schlecht, da die Erkrankung lange symptomlos bleibt und deshalb meist erst als Zufallsbefund in bereits fortgeschrittenen Stadien diagnostiziert wird.Die deutsche gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV) hat in den letzten Jahren erhebliche Anstrengungen unternommen, eine Vorverlagerung des Diagnosezeitpunkts zu erreichen, um die Erkrankung möglichst in Frühstadien zu detektieren. Die aus diesen Bestrebungen resultierenden neuen medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass die Kombination der Biomarker Calretinin und Mesothelin in einer Hochrisikogruppe die Vorverlegung der Diagnose um bis zu 12 Monaten ermöglicht.Die Diagnose eines Mesothelioms im Frühstadium wird idealerweise von der individuell bestmöglichen Therapie gefolgt. Die Standardtherapie basiert auf operativer Entfernung des Tumors und Chemotherapie, ergänzt um Strahlentherapie und Psychoonkologie. In den letzten Jahren wurden einige neue Therapieansätze entwickelt. Die Übersicht stellt den aktuellen Stand der Therapie des Mesothelioms, basierend auf den internationalen Leitlinien und neuen Studien, dar.
Emicizumab Dosing in Children and Adults with Hemophilia A: Simulating a User-Friendly and Cost-Efficient Regimen
Authors: Bukkems Laura H. , Fischer Kathelijn , Kremer-Hovinga Idske , Donners Anouk A. M. , Fijnvandraat Karin , Schutgens Roger E. G. , Cnossen Marjon H. , Mathôt Ron A. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground When emicizumab is dosed according to label, clinicians are obligated to discard or overdose medication due to discrepancies between calculated dose and vial content. The aim of this study was to compose a cost-efficient emicizumab maintenance dosing regimen using Monte Carlo simulation based on vial size, patient-friendly intervals, and patient characteristics, while striving for similar plasma concentrations as observed in clinical trials.Methods Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate alternative dosing regimens in patients weighing 3 to 150 kg. Simulated regimens were targeted to achieve median emicizumab plasma concentrations at a steady state (C av,ss) of 40 to 60 (90% range: 25–95) µg/mL. The cost-efficiency of the alternative dosing regimen was calculated in mg and costs saved per patient per year.Results The developed alternative dosing regimen achieved similar emicizumab C av,ss levels compared with the registered dosing regimen with a median deviation of less than 2 µg/mL in 78% of the body-weight categories. A dose of 60 mg every 3 weeks was advised for children weighing 12 to 16 kg, while adults weighing 76 to 85 kg can receive 120 mg emicizumab every week. Compared with the registered weekly dosing of 1.5 mg/kg, alternative dosing saved €35,434 per year in children weighing between 12 and 16 kg. For patients weighing 76 to 85 kg, the median saving was €29,529 (range: €0–€59,057).Conclusion This alternative maintenance dosing scheme—applicable in patients with hemophilia A receiving emicizumab prophylaxis—reduces financial costs, avoids medication spillage, and is patient-friendly without loss of efficacy.
Direct Synthesis of N-Protected Serine- and Threonine-Derived Weinreb Amides via Diboronic Acid Anhydride-Catalyzed Dehydrative Amidation: Application to the Concise Synthesis of ­Garner’s Aldehyde
Authors: Shimada Naoyuki , Ohse Naoki , Takahashi Naoya , Urata Sari , Koshizuka Masayoshi , Makino Kazuishi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn efficient method for the direct synthesis of Weinreb amides derived from serine and threonine derivatives via diboronic acid anhydride-catalyzed hydroxy-directed amidation is described. This is the first successful example of the synthesis of serine- or threonine-derived Weinreb amides using catalytic dehydrative amidations. The methodology could be applied to the concise synthesis of Garner’s aldehyde.
Venous Thromboembolism Therapy with Apixaban in Daily Care Patients: Results from the Dresden NOAC Registry
Authors: Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Marten Sandra , Tittl Luise , Naue Christiane , Bornhäuser Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness and safety of venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment with apixaban, demonstrated in phase III trials, need to be confirmed in daily care.Using data from the prospective, noninterventional cross-indication Dresden NOAC Registry we evaluated rates of VTE recurrence and bleeding complications during apixaban treatment of VTE patients. For this analysis, we only included patients with acute VTE who started apixaban within 14 days after diagnosis and who were enrolled within these 14 days. Patient characteristics, treatment persistence, and clinical outcomes were assessed.Between August 1st, 2014 and October 31, 2018, 352 patients with apixaban treatment for acute VTE were enrolled. During treatment (median exposure 13.7 ± 9.8 months; median follow-up 21.7 ± 6.1 months) rates of recurrent VTE and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis major bleeding were 1.3/100 pt.years (95% confidence interval or CI 0.4–3.0) and 1.5/100 pt.years (0.6–3.3), respectively. At 6 months. 68.6% of patients were still taking apixaban, 23.9% had a scheduled end of treatment, 6.3% were switched to other anticoagulants, and the remaining 2.3% had unplanned complete discontinuation of anticoagulation.Of the 188 patients stopping apixaban, 12 (6.4%) experienced a recurrent VTE (six pulmonary embolisms ± deep vein thrombosis, six deep vein thrombosis; mean time between stopping anticoagulation and VTE recurrence 5.2 ± 4.1 months [range 14–417 days]).Our findings suggest that, in daily care, apixaban demonstrated high effectiveness, safety, and persistence in the treatment of acute VTE with low rates of unplanned discontinuation.
Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty with a Temporary Intramedullary Nail: Is a Long or Short Nail Better?
Authors: Mohamed Nequesha S. , Castrodad Iciar M. Davila , Etcheson Jennifer I. , Kelemen Margaret N. , Plate F. Johannes , Conway Janet D. , Delanois Ronald E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo our knowledge, no studies have compared postoperative outcomes between patients who received a temporary short or long intramedullary (IM) nail in the setting of infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare short-term outcomes for patients who underwent long or short IM nail insertion for treatment of periprosthetic knee infection. Specifically, we compared: (1) success rates; (2) patient reported/functional outcomes; and (3) complications between patients implanted with a short or a long IM nail following PJI of the knee. A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent two-stage exchange arthroplasty with a temporary long or short IM nail between November 2010 and June 2018 at our institution (n = 67). Continuous and categorical variables were assessed using t-test/Mann–Whitney U test and chi-squared test, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the effect of IM nail length on success rate while adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and race. A total of 36 patients underwent temporary treatment with a long IM nail, while 31 patients received a short IM nail. There were no differences in success rate for reimplanted patients treated with long and short IM nails (odds ratio 0.992; p = 0.847). Fewer patients with a long IM nail went on to reimplantation (52.8 vs. 83.9%; p = 0.007). There was no difference in satisfaction (7.86 vs. 7.68; p = 0.515), pain scores (3.39 vs. 4.45 points; p = 0.126), or Knee Society score outcome scores (150.61 vs. 166.26 points; p = 0.117) between long or short IM nail patients. Following reimplantation, there was no difference in the number of patients who became reinfected (15.8 vs. 11.5%; p = 0.679) or went on to amputation (0 vs. 7.7%; p = 0.210). Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but serious postoperative complication following TKA. Our findings suggest that the use of long and short IM nails during two-stage exchange can have equal utility in PJI patients with severe bone defects.
Development of a filtered AXUV diode array for X-pinch soft x-ray spectra in the energy range of 1–10 keV
Authors: Ham Seunggi , Ryu Jonghyeon , Park Sungbin , Chung Kyoung-Jae , Ghim Y.-C. , Woo H. J. , Hwang Y. S. 
Published: May 2021

We develop a filtered absolute extreme ultraviolet (AXUV) diode array to measure the time evolution of the soft x-ray spectrum in the energy range of 1–10 keV. AXUV–HS5, the detector, has a fast rise time of 0.7 ns, a wide energy detection range, and high accessibility. We use Geant4 simulations to design an appropriate filter set for flat-and-sharp virtual channels (VCs), where a filter with no spectral edge removes large tails of the response curves. A Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) method, sensitive to the expected spectral function, is improved to reliably generate a continuous radiation spectrum, by utilizing spectral information from the least-squares (LS) method that reconstructs a discrete spectrum with low spectral resolution directly from the VCs. We test the filtered AXUV diode array on an X-pinch device with a peak current of 140 kA at Seoul National University; the array with ten channels is installed in a vacuum chamber. For a two-wire 40 μm stainless steel X-pinch, x-ray power, radiation temperature, and the reconstructed x-ray spectrum are obtained from the filtered AXUV diode array by the combined LS–LM method.
Development and first operation of a cavity ring down spectroscopy diagnostic in the negative ion source SPIDER
Authors: Barbisan M. , Pasqualotto R. , Agnello R. , Pilieci M. , Serianni G. , Taliercio C. , Cervaro V. , Rossetto F. , Tiso A. 
Published: May 2021

The neutral beam injectors of the ITER experiment will rely on negative ion sources to produce 16.7 MW beams of H/D particles accelerated at 1 MeV. The prototype of these sources was built and is currently operated in the SPIDER (Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from a Radio frequency plasma) experiment, part of the Neutral Beam Test Facility of Consorzio RFX, Padua. In the SPIDER, the H−/D− ion source is coupled to a three grid, 100 kV acceleration system. One of the main goals of the experimentation in SPIDER is to uniformly maximize the extracted current density; to achieve this, it is important to study the density of negative ions available in the proximity of the ion acceleration system. In SPIDER, line-integrated measurements of negative ion density are performed by a cavity ring down spectroscopy diagnostic. Its principle of operation is based on the absorption of the photons of a laser beam pulse by H−/D− photo-detachment; the absorption detection is enhanced by trapping the laser pulse in an optical cavity, containing the absorbing medium (i.e., negative ions). This paper presents and discusses the CRDS diagnostic setup in the SPIDER, including the first measurements of negative ion density, correlated with the main source parameters.
Theoretical and experimental analyses of a legged piezoelectric bending actuator with shoe soles made of polyimide composites
Authors: Zhu Pancheng , Peng Hanmin , Zhao Gai , Chen Ni 
Published: May 2021

Friction materials form a critical component of piezoelectric actuators, and wear of the material affects output and service life of the actuator. This paper examines the influence of polyimide (PI) composites when used as a friction material on the performance of a legged piezoelectric bending actuator. We design and manufacture demountable shoe soles, made of a novel PI-based friction material, for an actuator. A Coulomb friction model is also established to determine the behavior resulting from contact-induced friction between the surface and the actuator. Reciprocating wear tests involving an insulation rubber pad against phosphor bronze and PI composites as friction materials yielded average friction coefficients of 0.21 and 0.28, respectively. We also found that PI composites have higher wear resistance than phosphor bronze, with a specific wear rate of 1.36 × 10−4 mm3/N m. The results of experiments and simulations indicate that the shoe soles made of PI composites reduced the actuator’s driving frequency and vibrational amplitude, but they did not affect the principle of locomotion of the actuator. Furthermore, the operational stability of the actuator improved by 46.8% by using the demountable shoe soles made of PI composites, albeit at the cost of its velocity and load capacity. This work has guiding significance for the design and selection of friction materials for piezoelectric actuators.
High voltage microsecond pulse generators with highly effective energy recuperation in cases of sharp changes in load impedance
Authors: Korotkov S. V. , Aristov Y. V. , Korotkov D. A. 
Published: May 2021

An experimental generator of microsecond pulses with an output current amplitude of ∼1 kA and an output voltage amplitude of ∼1 kV was developed. The generator is able to operate on a load whose electrical resistance changes significantly during operation. Under these conditions, the generator ensures high stability of output pulse energy and effectively uses energy that is reflected from the load. Using this generator, a high voltage generator with an output voltage pulse amplitude of ∼30 kV was developed. The high voltage generator is designed to be used in electric discharge technologies. The results of the experiments are given in which the high voltage generator produced discharges in water at a repetition rate of 500 Hz. The amplitude of the discharge current pulse was ∼600 A, and the pulse rise time was ∼150 ns.
PI(3,4)P2-mediated membrane tubulation promotes integrin trafficking and invasive cell migration
Authors: Feng Zhen , Yu Cheng-han 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceThe dynamic distribution of phosphoinositide lipids orchestrates intracellular compartmentalization and protein sorting. Here, we report the PI(3,4)P2-dependent endocytosis of adhesion receptor integrin-beta3 at the invadopodium and its implication in promoting invasive cell migration. PI(3,4)P2-rich compartment in the plasma membrane contains integrin-beta3 and is actively internalized through SNX9-mediated membrane invagination as well as dynein-mediated membrane tubulation along cortical microtubule tracks. Accelerated integrin endocytosis promotes adhesion turnover, and subsequent integrin exocytosis further supports cell migration. In general, the functional link between PI(3,4)P2biogenesis and membrane internalization can be applicable to other membrane molecules at the invadopodium and provide insights into the regulation of cell migration.
ICAM-1 induced rearrangements of capsid and genome prime rhinovirus 14 for activation and uncoating
Authors: Hrebík Dominik , Füzik Tibor , Gondová Mária , Šmerdová Lenka , Adamopoulos Athanassios , Šedo Ondrej , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Plevka Pavel 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceMedical visits and missed days of school and work caused by rhinoviruses cost tens of billions of US dollars annually. Currently, there are no antivirals against rhinoviruses, and the available treatments only treat the symptoms. Here, we present the molecular structure of human rhinovirus 14 in complex with its cellular receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1. The binding of the virus to its receptor initiates the infection. Knowledge of the structure of the human rhinovirus 14–intercellular adhesion molecule 1 interface and mechanism of interaction provides the basis for the design of compounds that may block the binding of rhinoviruses to receptors and thus prevent infection.
Poa annua (annual meadowgrass).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

P. annua is a cosmopolitan grass included in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012) and listed as one of the most aggressive weeds invading areas from sea level up to 1200 m in elevation. It can be found from Arctic to the Antarctic regions in practically all terrestrial ecosystems (Holm et al., 1997; USDA-ARS, 2014). It is listed as a weed in 38 crops in more than 80 countries within and outside its native distribution range. It grows in a wide variety of soils, tolerates trampling, mowing, and frozen conditions, and is a frequent weed in areas heavily trafficked by livestock or humans. This species has the potential to outcompete other plants and crops (Holm et al., 1997).
Black holes and wormholes in f(R) gravity with a kinetic curvature scalar
Authors: Chervon Sergey V , Fabris Júlio C , Fomin Igor V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the chiral self-gravitating model (CSGM) of a special type in the spherically symmetric static spacetime in Einstein frame. Such CSGM is derived, by virtue of Weyl conformal transformation, from a gravity model in the Jordan frame corresponding to a modified f(R) gravity with a kinetic scalar curvature. We investigate the model using harmonic coordinates and consider a special case of the scaling transformation from the Jordan frame. We find classes of solutions corresponding to a zero potential and we investigate horizons, centers and the asymptotic behavior of the obtained solutions. Other classes of solutions (for the potential not equal to zero) are found using a special relation (ansatz) between the metric components. Investigations of horizons, centers and asymptotic behavior of obtained solutions for this new case are performed as well. Comparative analysis with similar solutions obtained earlier in literature is made.
Strong-field triple ionisation of atoms with p
3 valence shell
Authors: Prauzner-Bechcicki Jakub S , Efimov Dmitry K , Mandrysz Michał , Zakrzewski Jakub 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The interaction of strong pulsed femtosecond laser field with atoms having three equivalent electrons in the outer shell (p
3 configuration, e.g. nitrogen) is studied via numerical integration of a time-dependent Schrödinger equation on a spatial grid. Single ionisation, double ionisation (DI) and triple ionisation (TI) yields originating from a completely antisymmetric wave function are calculated and extracted using a restricted-geometry model with the soft-core potential and three active electrons. The observed suppression of the ionisation yields for the non-sequential processes, in both DI and TI cases, is attributed to the action of the Pauli principle. Compared against earlier results investigating the s
2
p
1 configuration, we propose that the differences found here might in fact be accessible through electron’s momentum distribution.
Non-equilibrium modeling of arc plasmas in the gas–metal arc–welding process
Authors: Eda Satoshi , Ogino Yosuke , Asai Satoru , Sano Tomokazu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the thermal and chemical non-equilibrium properties of arc plasmas have been among the most critical topics in the modeling of welding arcs. Non-equilibrium phenomena can be observed in the near-electrode regions, where the characteristics of the arc are determined. Although non-equilibrium modeling should contribute to a deeper understanding of the gas–metal arc-welding (GMAW) process, no non-equilibrium model has been reported for GMAW processes, while several models have been reported for gas–tungsten arc-welding processes. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the non-equilibrium phenomena in the GMAW process. In addition, as a first step, we developed a non-equilibrium model of the arc plasma in the GMAW process. The influence of the iron vapor was successfully determined by our model. We then inferred that the concentration of iron vapor affects the number density of electrons and, consequently, the thermal equilibrium of the arc in the GMAW process.
The correlation between limiting efficiency of indoor photovoltaics and spectral characteristics of multi-color white LED sources
Authors: Zheng Chaodan , Wu Qingfeng , Guo Shouhui , Huang Weijun , Xiao Qing , Xiao Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The correlation between the optimal performance of indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) and spectral characteristics of white light-emitting diode (LED) sources has been investigated theoretically. We calculated the Schockley–Queisser limit of IPVs under multi-color white LEDs with different correlated color temperature (CCT), color rendering index (CRI) and luminous efficacy of radiation (LER). It is found that the optimal bandgap for an IPV cell is not only influenced by CCT, but also by LER and CRI. However, the main factor that affects the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) is CCT, and the maximum PCE is relatively independent of the CRI and LER under the same condition of CCT. The maximum PCE decreases with the increase of CCT. Based on the analysis of the energy loss within IPVs, it is found that the value of the optimal bandgap is sensitive to the fraction of red light in the spectrum of white LEDs. The maximum PCE is primarily limited by the relaxation to band edge loss, which is caused by the high-energy blue or cyan light in the spectrum of white LEDs.
Formation of dislocations via misfit strain across interfaces in epitaxial BaTiO3 and SrIrO3 heterostructures
Authors: Saghayezhian M , Wang Z , Howe D , Siwakoti P , Plummer E W , Zhu Y , Zhang Jiandi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dislocations often occur in thin films with large misfit strain as a result of strain energy accumulation and can drastically change the film properties. Here the structure and dislocations in oxide heterostructures with large misfit strain are investigated on atomic scale. When grown on SrTiO3 (001), the dislocations in both the monolithic BaTiO3 thin film and its superlattices with SrIrO3 appear above a critical thickness around 6 nm. The edge component of the dislocations is seen in both cases with the Burgers vector of
a
⟨100⟩. However, compared to monolithic BaTiO3, the dislocation density is slightly lower in BaTiO3/SrIrO3 superlattices. In the superlattice, when considering the SrTiO3 lattice constant as the reference, BaTiO3 has a larger misfit strain comparing with SrIrO3. It is found that in both cases, the formation of dislocation is only affected by the critical thickness of the film with larger lattice misfit (BaTiO3), regardless of the existence of a strong octahedral tilt/rotation mismatch at BaTiO3/SrIrO3 interface. Our findings suggest that it is possible to control the position of dislocations, an important step toward defect engineering.