bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz und Betriebliches Eingliederungsmanagement in Deutschland – Ein systematisches Review zum Umsetzungsstand gesetzlicher Vorgaben
Authors: Lösch Regina , Amler Nadja , Drexler Hans 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Zur Frage der Umsetzung der gesetzlichen Vorgaben im Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz sowie im Betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagement in Deutschland weisen einzelne Studien aus den letzten Jahren auf teilweise erhebliche Mängel hin. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist eine nach Unternehmensgrößen und im Zeitverlauf differenzierte, quantitative Analyse der Erfüllung gesetzlicher Vorgaben im betrieblichen Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz sowie im Betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagement in deutschen Betrieben.
Methodik Es wurde im Oktober 2019 in den Datenbanken PubMed, PsycInfo und WISO eine systematische Literaturrecherche deutsch- und englischsprachiger, repräsentativer Befragungen zu Umsetzungsquoten des Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutzes sowie des Betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagements in Deutschland durchgeführt. Ein Update der Studienlage erfolgte im Oktober 2020. Querverweise sowie graue Literatur wurde ebenfalls in die Suche mit einbezogen. Die Bewertung erfolgte durch 2 unabhängige Gutachter.
Ergebnisse Es konnten 16 relevante Studien identifiziert werden. Für die arbeitsmedizinische und sicherheitstechnische Betreuung zeigt sich im Zeitverlauf ein leichter Rückgang der Umsetzungsquoten. Hinsichtlich des Betreuungsmodells lässt sich feststellen, dass mit steigender Mitarbeiterzahl sowohl die Regelbetreuung als auch die bedarfsorientierte Betreuung zunimmt. Im Zeitverlauf und über alle Unternehmensgrößen hinweg steigen die Umsetzungsquoten der Gefährdungsbeurteilung (inkl. Beurteilung psychischer Belastungen) kontinuierlich an. Auch die Umsetzungsquoten der Betriebsbegehungen und des Betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagements können über die Zeit einen Zuwachs verzeichnen.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz steigender Umsetzungsraten in vielen Teilbereichen des betrieblichen Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutzes bzw. des Betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagements innerhalb der letzten 20 Jahre zeigt sich insgesamt, dass eine flächendeckende Umsetzung gesetzlicher Vorgaben noch nicht erreicht ist. Für die zukünftige Konzeption von Studien in diesem Bereich indizieren die Ergebnisse eine Vereinheitlichung der methodischen Vorgehensweisen. Für den Erhalt der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit der Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer stellt die Umsetzung gesetzlicher Vorgaben eine wichtige Voraussetzung dar.
Structure, Bonding, and Photoaffinity Labeling Applications of Dialkyldiazirines
Authors: Ondrus Alison E. , Zhang Tianyi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDialkyldiazirine photoaffinity probes are unparalleled tools for the study of small molecule–protein interactions. Here we summarize the basic principles of structure, bonding, and photoreactivity of dialkyldiazirines, current methods for their synthesis, and their practical application in photoaffinity labeling experiments. We demonstrate the unique utility of dialkyldiazirine probes in the context of our recent photoaffinity crosslinking-mass spectrometry analysis to reveal a hidden cholesterol binding site in the Hedgehog morphogen proteins.1 Introduction2 Structure, Bonding, and Spectral Properties3 Photoreactivity4 Synthesis5 Application in Photoaffinity Labeling6 Discovery of a Cholesterol–Hedgehog Protein Interface7 Conclusions and Outlook
Feasible and Effective Language Intervention Strategies that Accelerate Students' Academic Achievement
Authors: Kelley Elizabeth , Spencer Trina D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpeech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work in schools are responsible for delivering intervention that improves language abilities but has an impact on academic outcomes. To accomplish this, SLPs need feasible and effective strategies that can be readily incorporated into clinical practice. In this article, we describe two ways that SLPs can deliver intervention that can improve language abilities and academic outcomes: choosing academic language targets and providing language intervention contextualized in the academic curriculum.
Three-Dimensional Virtual Reality Simulation to Safe Planning Neurosurgical Procedure in Brain Aneurysms, Latin American Single-Center Experience: Advantages and Limitations
Authors: Zárate-Méndez Antonio M. , Ramos-Delgado José M. , Lujan-Guerra Juan C. , Rio-Olivares Carlos D. , Moreira-Ponce Luis E. , Aceves-Chimal José L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The neurosurgical approach to clipping cerebral aneurysms has been a complex challenge for all neurosurgeon experts in cerebrovascular surgery. The three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) allows identifying bone and vascular structures close to an aneurysm to simulate in virtual 3D images, the appropriate and safest approach to cerebral aneurysm clipping.
Objectives This study aims to share our experience using 3D simulation as a support to the safe planning for cerebrovascular disease surgery.
Materials and Methods We reviewed the surgical outcomes from a cerebrovascular neurosurgeon using the 3D-CTA images in 360-degree reconstruction in the planning of the preoperative surgical procedure for the treatment of brain aneurysm. In all patients, the virtual surgical approach was replicated in real-time surgery.
Results We analyzed 34 patients around 51 ± 8 years of age. Of these, 76.5% (n = 26) and 23.5% (n = 8) were males and females, respectively. Saccular aneurysms were the most frequent (85%), the Arteries affected by aneurysms were middle cerebral artery (n = 6), basilar tip (n = 6), vertebral artery in V3 and V4 (n = 6), and posterior cerebral artery (n = 5). The virtual surgical pterional approach was the most frequently used (50%), followed by fronto-orbito-zigomático (29%) and far lateral (15%) approaches. There were no intraoperative complications in any patient.
Conclusion Preoperative 3D virtual reality simulation is a great support tool to perform a safe surgical procedure in real-time for the treatment of simple and complex brain aneurysms.
Management and Early Outcomes of Neonates Born to Women with SARS-CoV-2 in 16 U.S. Hospitals
Authors: Congdon Jayme L. , Kair Laura R. , Flaherman Valerie J. , Wood Kelly E. , LoFrumento Mary Ann , Nwaobasi-Iwuh Eberechi , Phillipi Carrie A. ,   on behalf of the Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns (BORN) Network
Published: March 2021

Objective There is a paucity of evidence to guide the clinical care of late preterm and term neonates born to women with perinatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The objective of this case series is to describe early neonatal outcomes and inpatient management in U.S. hospitals.
Study Design We solicited cases of mother–infant dyads affected by novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns (BORN) Network members. Using a structured case template, participating sites contributed deidentified, retrospective birth hospitalization data for neonates ≥35 weeks of gestation at birth with mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 before delivery. We describe demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical management, and neonatal outcomes.
Results Sixteen U.S. hospitals contributed 70 cases. Birth hospitalizations were uncomplicated for 66 (94%) neonates in which 4 (6%) required admission to a neonatal intensive care unit. None required evaluation or treatment for infection, and all who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 were negative (n = 57). Half of the dyads were colocated (n = 34) and 40% directly breastfed (n = 28). Outpatient follow-up data were available for 13 neonates, all of whom remained asymptomatic.
Conclusion In this multisite case series of 70 neonates born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical outcomes were overall good, and there were no documented neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. Clinical management was largely inconsistent with contemporaneous U.S. COVID-19 guidelines for nursery care, suggesting concerns about the acceptability and feasibility of those recommendations. Longitudinal studies are urgently needed to assess the benefits and harms of current practices to inform evidence-based clinical care and aid shared decision-making.
Key Points
Effects of Placental Transfusion on Late Preterm Infants Admitted to a Mother–Baby Unit
Authors: Chiruvolu Arpitha , George Reshma , Stanzo Karen C. , Kindla Cassandra M. , Desai Sujata 
Published: March 2021

Objective Well-appearing late preterm infants admitted to a mother baby unit may benefit from either delayed cord clamping (DCC) or umbilical cord milking (UCM). However, there are concerns of adverse effects of increased blood volume such as polycythemia and hyperbilirubinemia. The purpose of this study is to examine the short-term effects of placental transfusion on late preterm infants born between 350/7 and 366/7 weeks of gestation.
Study Design In this pre- and postimplementation retrospective cohort study, we compared late preterm infants who received placental transfusion (161 infants, DCC/UCM group) during a 2-year period after guideline implementation (postimplementation period: August 1, 2017, to July 31, 2019) to infants who had immediate cord clamping (118 infants, ICC group) born during a 2-year period before implementation (preimplementation period: August 1, 2015, to July 31, 2017).
Results The mean hematocrit after birth was significantly higher in the DCC/UCM group. Fewer infants had a hematocrit <40% after birth in the DCC/UCM group compared with the ICC group. The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia needing phototherapy, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, or readmissions to the hospital for phototherapy was similar between the groups. Fewer infants in the DCC/UCM group were admitted to the NICU primarily for respiratory distress. Symptomatic polycythemia did not occur in either group. Median hospital length of stay was 3 days for both groups.
Conclusion Placental transfusion (DCC or UCM) in late preterm infants admitted to a mother baby unit was not associated with increased incidence of hyperbilirubinemia needing phototherapy, symptomatic polycythemia, NICU admissions, or readmissions to the hospital for phototherapy.
Key Points
The Performance of Opposition Parties in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes: Three Case Studies from the Western Balkans
Authors: Laštro Claudia , Bieber Florian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article investigates opposition to the competitive authoritarian regimes in Montenegro (1997–2020), North Macedonia (2006–2017), and Serbia (2012–). In each of the three countries, opposition parties face or have faced the challenge of competing on an electoral playing field that is structurally skewed in favour of the incumbent. The articles explore the question in which circumstances opposition parties have been able to contest the dominant parties. In doing so, it focuses on three dimensions, namely the relationship between spatial party competition, different levels of opposition cohesion or fragmentation, as well as extra-institutional strategies of contestation. The country comparison illustrates that party systems with cross-cutting cleavages tend to produce divided patterns of contestation (Montenegro and Serbia), whereas reinforcing cleavages facilitate the coordination among different types of opposition actors (North Macedonia). Finally, large protests, rather than boycotts, prior to elections have been important factors in facilitating opposition cohesion and signalling broad support (Montenegro and North Macedonia).
Stage-specific overcompensation, the hydra effect, and the failure to eradicate an invasive predator
Authors: Grosholz Edwin , Ashton Gail , Bradley Marko , Brown Chris , Ceballos-Osuna Lina , Chang Andrew , de Rivera Catherine , Gonzalez Julie , Heineke Marcella , Marraffini Michelle , McCann Linda , Pollard Erica , Pritchard Ian , Ruiz Gregory , Turner Brian , Tepolt Carolyn 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceTheoretical models of population dynamics have shown the counterintuitive conclusion that harvest can increase the equilibrium size of a population. These models of increases in response to mortality have been considered for fisheries harvest and removal of non-native species and can be driven by density-dependent overcompensation. This is the first controlled experimental field demonstration showing that harvest-driven overcompensation produced a 30-fold, single-year increase in the abundance of the invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas), one of the world’s most invasive predators. Using multiple lines of evidence, we provide both a robust demonstration of a fundamental prediction of population models in a field population and an important cautionary message for future eradication efforts for similar invasive species.
Sex differences in early experience and the development of aggression in wild chimpanzees
Authors: Sabbi Kris H. , Emery Thompson Melissa , Machanda Zarin P. , Otali Emily , Wrangham Richard W. , Muller Martin N. 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceChimpanzees, human’s close evolutionary relatives, are a tractable model system for understanding how physical aggression can develop in the absence of gender socialization. Here we used 13 y of behavioral data and a targeted 3-y social development study to document clear sex differences in chimpanzees’ early aggressive experiences, supporting the possibility for social experience to shape sex-typed behavior in the absence of explicitly taught gender norms. However, as young males’ own aggressive behavior provoked aggressive responses from others, experiential differences were influenced by early-emerging behavioral differences that already resembled adult patterns. By demonstrating interactions between exposure to aggression and developing behavior, our results add an important perspective to long-standing debates over the origins of gender differences in human aggression.
Diverse innate stimuli activate basophils through pathways involving Syk and IκB kinases
Authors: Pellefigues Christophe , Mehta Palak , Chappell Sally , Yumnam Bibek , Old Sam , Camberis Mali , Le Gros Graham 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceBasophils contribute to allergic reactions when surface-bound IgE is cross-linked by allergens. How they respond to innate stimuli to produce cytokines during tissue inflammation and homeostasis is less known. Here, we comprehensively identify and compare which innate and homeostatic stimuli, among cytokines, growth factors, hormones, metabolites, and bacterial components, can activate primary basophils. We find that activated basophils display phenotypic heterogeneity at the single-cell level, suggesting that mutually exclusive functional basophil subsets exist in vivo. Furthermore, using selective kinase inhibitors we show that distinct receptor families, including IL-1R, GPCR, FcR, CD200R, and cytokine receptors, mediate basophil activation through Syk and IκB kinases. We propose these pathways have a rheostat function controlling basophil activation to diverse stimuli.
Exposure density and neighborhood disparities in COVID-19 infection risk
Authors: Hong Boyeong , Bonczak Bartosz J. , Gupta Arpit , Thorpe Lorna E. , Kontokosta Constantine E. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
We present a computational approach to measure exposure density at high spatial and temporal resolution to understand neighborhood disparities in transmission risk of COVID-19. By integrating geolocation data and granular land-use information, we are able to establish both the extent of activity in a particular neighborhood and the nature of that activity across residential, nonresidential, and outdoor activities. We then analyze the differential behavioral response to social-distancing policies based on local risk factors, built-environment characteristics, and socioeconomic inequality. Our results highlight the significant disparities in health outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities and lower-income households. Exposure density provides an additional metric to further explain and understand the disparate impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable communities.
Crystal structure of a far-red–sensing cyanobacteriochrome reveals an atypical bilin conformation and spectral tuning mechanism
Authors: Bandara Sepalika , Rockwell Nathan C. , Zeng Xiaoli , Ren Zhong , Wang Cong , Shin Heewhan , Martin Shelley S. , Moreno Marcus V. , Lagarias J. Clark , Yang Xiaojing 
Published: March 2021

SignificancePhytochromes are well-known far-red-light sensors found in plants that trigger adaptive responses to facilitate competition for light capture with neighboring plants. Red- and far-red sensing are also critical for cyanobacteria living in the far-red–enriched shade of plants. This work reports the crystal structure of a far-red–sensing cyanobacteriochrome, a distant cyanobacterial relative of phytochrome. These studies shed insights into the molecular basis of far-red-sensing by phycobilin-based photoreceptors. Owing to the deep tissue penetration of far-red light, far-red–sensing cyanobacteriochromes are promising protein scaffolds for developing genetically encoded photoswitches, optoacoustic contrast agents, and fluorescent probes for in situ imaging and optogenetic applications.
An (e, 2e
+ ion) study of electron-impact ionization and fragmentation of carbon dioxide clusters
Authors: Wang Xing , Yang Hongjing , Hossen Khokon , Dorn Alexander , Ren Xueguang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We report an experimental study of the electron-impact ionization (E
0 = 65 eV) and fragmentation of carbon dioxide clusters for the formation of

C
O

2

+

and

(

C
O

2

)

2

+

using a reaction microscope. All three charged particles, two outgoing electrons and one cation, are detected in coincidence such that the momentum vectors and, consequently, the kinetic energies for these final-state particles are determined. The reaction mechanisms correlated to ionic species are analyzed using the measured binding energy spectra over a broad range of ionization energy (8–32 eV). We observe that the

(

C
O

2

)

2

+

cations with small momenta are formed mainly from the direct ionization of the outermost 1π

g
orbital in the carbon dioxide dimer (CO2)2. While the (1π

u
)−1, (3σ

u
)−1 and (4σ

g
)−1 states in

(

C
O

2

)

2

+

are unstable and most likely dissociate into

C
O

2

+

and neutral species. The

(

C
O

2

)

2

+

cations with high momenta are attributed to the ionization of small carbon dioxide clusters (CO2)
n
(n ⩾ 3) and subsequent dissociation processes. Compared to the appearance energy studies of carbon dioxide clusters where only the outermost 1π

g
orbital ionization was observed for formation of

(

C
O

2

)

2

+

, several additional channels are identified in this work.
Nature of the magnetic moment of cobalt in ordered FeCo alloy
Authors: Gerasimov Arsenii , Nordström Lars , Khmelevskyi Sergii , Mazurenko Vladimir V , Kvashnin Yaroslav O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The magnets are typically classified into Stoner and Heisenberg type, depending on the itinerant or localized nature of the constituent magnetic moments. In this work, we investigate theoretically the behaviour of the magnetic moments of iron and cobalt in their B2-ordered alloy. The results based on local spin density approximation for the density functional theory (DFT) suggest that the Co magnetic moment strongly depends on the directions of the surrounding magnetic moments, which usually indicates the Stoner-type mechanism of magnetism. This is consistent with the disordered local moment picture of the paramagnetic state, where the magnetic moment of cobalt gets substantially suppressed. We argue that this is due to the lack of strong on-site electron correlations, which we take into account by employing a combination of DFT and dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). Within LDA + DMFT, we find a substantial quasiparticle mass renormalization and a non Fermi-liquid behaviour of Fe–3d orbitals. The resulting spectral functions are in very good agreement with measured spin-resolved photoemission spectra. Our results suggest that local correlations play an essential role in stabilizing a robust local moment on Co in the absence of magnetic order at high temperatures.
Probing extreme states of matter using ultra-intense x-ray radiation
Authors: McMahon M I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Extreme states of matter, that is, matter at extremes of density (pressure) and temperature, can be created in the laboratory either statically or dynamically. In the former, the pressure–temperature state can be maintained for relatively long periods of time, but the sample volume is necessarily extremely small. When the extreme states are generated dynamically, the sample volumes can be larger, but the pressure–temperature conditions are maintained for only short periods of time (ps to μs). In either case, structural information can be obtained from the extreme states by the use of x-ray scattering techniques, but the x-ray beam must be extremely intense in order to obtain sufficient signal from the extremely-small or short-lived sample. In this article I describe the use of x-ray diffraction at synchrotrons and XFELs to investigate how crystal structures evolve as a function of density and temperature. After a brief historical introduction, I describe the developments made at the Synchrotron Radiation Source in the 1990s which enabled the almost routine determination of crystal structure at high pressures, while also revealing that the structural behaviour of materials was much more complex than previously believed. I will then describe how these techniques are used at the current generation of synchrotron and XFEL sources, and then discuss how they might develop further in the future at the next generation of x-ray lightsources.
Relaxation dynamics of Pd–Ni–P metallic glass: decoupling of anelastic and viscous processes
Authors: Soriano Daniel , Zhou Hongbo , Hilke Sven , Pineda Eloi , Ruta Beatrice , Wilde Gerhard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The stress relaxation dynamics of metallic glass Pd40Ni40P20 was studied in both supercooled liquid and glassy states. Time-temperature superposition was found in the metastable liquid, implying an invariant shape of the distribution of times involved in the relaxation. Once in the glass state, the distribution of relaxation times broadens as temperature and fictive temperature decrease, eventually leading to a decoupling of the relaxation in two processes. While the slow one keeps a viscous behavior, the fast one shows an anelastic nature and a time scale similar to that of the collective atomic motion measured by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). These results suggest that the atomic dynamics of metallic glasses, as determined by XPCS at low temperatures in the glass state, can be related to the rearrangements of particles responsible of the macroscopically reversible anelastic behavior.