bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping in the era of genomics: MaTrics—a digital character matrix to document mammalian phenotypic traits
Authors: Stefen Clara , Wagner Franziska , Asztalos Marika , Giere Peter , Grobe Peter , Hiller Michael , Hofmann Rebecca , Jähde Maria , Lächele Ulla , Lehmann Thomas , Ortmann Sylvia , Peters Benjamin , Ruf Irina , Schiffmann Christian , Thier Nadja , Unterhitzenberger Gabriele , Vogt Lars , Rudolf Matthias , Wehner Peggy , Stuckas Heiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA new and uniquely structured matrix of mammalian phenotypes,MaTrics(MammalianTraits for Comparative Genomics) in a digital form is presented. By focussing on mammalian species for which genome assemblies are available,MaTricsprovides an interface between mammalogy and comparative genomics.MaTricswas developed within a project aimed to find genetic causes of phenotypic traits of mammals usingForward Genomics.This approach requires genomes and comprehensive and recorded information on homologous phenotypes that are coded as discrete categories in a matrix.MaTricsis an evolving online resource providing information on phenotypic traits in numeric code; traits are coded either as absent/present or with several states as multistate. The state record for each species is linked to at least one reference (e.g., literature, photographs, histological sections, CT scans, or museum specimens) and soMaTricscontributes to digitalization of museum collections. Currently,MaTricscovers 147 mammalian species and includes 231 characters related to structure, morphology, physiology, ecology, and ethology and available in a machine actionable NEXUS-format*. FillingMaTricsrevealed substantial knowledge gaps, highlighting the need for phenotyping efforts. Studies based on selected data fromMaTricsand usingForward Genomicsidentified associations between genes and certain phenotypes ranging from lifestyles (e.g., aquatic) to dietary specializations (e.g., herbivory, carnivory). These findings motivate the expansion of phenotyping inMaTricsby filling research gaps and by adding taxa and traits. Only databases likeMaTricswill provide machine actionable information on phenotypic traits, an important limitation to genomics.MaTricsis available within the data repository Morph·D·Base (www.morphdbase.de).
In and Out in Senegal: Unearthing Queer Roots in Mohamed Mbougar Sarr’s De purs hommes
Authors: Bryson Devin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMohamed Mbougar Sarr’s 2018 novel De purs hommes fictionalizes recent incidents of homophobia in Senegal to interrogate the relationship between queer men and social dynamics in the country. This article demonstrates that the novel deploys multidirectional critical discourse and oblique narrative tactics to highlight the foundational role in Senegalese culture and society of the fraught dichotomy between private and public life. Bryson contends that the novel unearths these queer roots in order to incorporate all normative identities into queer existence, conceptually blurring the social barriers to LGBTQ+ agency in the country.
Data linkage for early intervention in the UK: Parental social license and social divisions
Authors: Edwards Rosalind , Gillies Val , Gorin Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Electronic linking of public records and predictive analytics to identify families for preventive early intervention increasingly is promoted by governments. We use the concept of social license to address questions of social legitimacy, agreement, and trust in data linkage and analytics for parents of dependent children, who are the focus of early intervention initiatives in the UK. We review data-steered family policy and early intervention operational service practices. We draw on a consensus baseline analysis of data from a probability-based panel survey of parents, to show that informed consent to data linkage and use is important to all parents, but there are social divisions of knowledge, agreement, and trust. There is more social license for data linkage by services among parents in higher occupation, qualification, and income groups, than among Black parents, lone parents, younger parents, and parents in larger households. These marginalized groups of parents, collectively, are more likely to be the focus of identification for early intervention. We argue that government awareness-raising exercises about the merits of data linkage are likely to bolster existing social license among advantaged parents while running the risk of further disengagement among disadvantaged groups. This is especially where inequalities and forecasting inaccuracies are encoded into early intervention data gathering, linking, and predictive practices, with consequences for a cohesive and equal society.
Impact of decreasing vancomycin exposure on acute kidney injury in stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Hambrick Horace Rhodes , Greco Kimberly F. , Weller Edie , Ganapathi Lakshmi , Lehmann Leslie E. , Sandora Thomas J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the change in vancomycin days of therapy (DOT) and vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) after an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) intervention to decrease vancomycin use in stable patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Design:Retrospective cohort study and quasi-experimental interrupted time series analysis. Change in unit-level vancomycin DOT per 1,000 inpatient days after the intervention was assessed using segmented Poisson regression. Subject-specific risk of vancomycin-associated AKI was evaluated using a random intercept logistic regression model with mediation analysis.Setting:HSCT unit at a single quaternary-care pediatric hospital.Participants:Inpatients aged 3 months and older who underwent HSCT between January 1, 2015, and March 31, 2019 (27 months before and after the intervention) who received any dose of vancomycin.Intervention:An ASP intervention in April 2017 creating a new practice guideline to decrease prolonged (>72 hours) vancomycin courses for stable HSCT patients with febrile neutropenia.Results:Overall, 439 vancomycin exposures (234 before the intervention and 205 after the intervention) occurring across 300 transplants and 259 subjects were included. The mean vancomycin DOT was 307 per 1,000 inpatient days (95% confidence interval [CI], 272–342) and decreased after the intervention to 207 per 1,000 inpatient days (95% CI, 173–240). In multivariable analyses, the odds of AKI in the postintervention period were 37% lower than in the preintervention period (adjusted OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42–0.95; P = .0268); 56% of the excess risk was mediated by vancomycin DOT.Conclusions:An ASP intervention successfully decreased vancomycin use after HSCT and resulted in a decrease in AKI. Reducing empiric antibiotic exposure for stable patients after HSCT can improve clinical outcomes.
Under an iron sky: On the entropy at the start of the Universe
Authors: Barnes Luke A. , Lewis Geraint F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCuriously, our Universe was born in a low entropy state, with abundant free energy to power stars and life. The form that this free energy takes is usually thought to be gravitational: the Universe is almost perfectly smooth, and so can produce sources of energy as matter collapses under gravity. It has recently been argued that a more important source of low-entropy energy is nuclear: the Universe expands too fast to remain in nuclear statistical equilibrium, effectively shutting off nucleosynthesis in the first few minutes, providing leftover hydrogen as fuel for stars. Here, we fill in the astrophysical details of this scenario and seek the conditions under which a Universe will emerge from early nucleosynthesis as almost-purely iron. In so doing, we identify a hitherto-overlooked character in the story of the origin of the second law: matter–antimatter asymmetry.
Quantitative risk–benefit assessment of Portuguese fish and other seafood species consumption scenarios
Authors: Carvalho Catarina , Correia Daniela , Severo Milton , Afonso Cláudia , Bandarra Narcisa M. , Gonçalves Susana , Lourenço Helena M. , Dias Maria Graça , Oliveira Luísa , Nabais Pedro , Carmona Paulo , Monteiro Sarogini , Borges Marta , Lopes Carla , Torres Duarte 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPortugal has high fish/seafood consumption, which may have both risks and benefits. This study aims to quantify the net health impact of hypothetical scenarios of fish/seafood consumption in the Portuguese population using a risk–benefit assessment methodology. Consumption data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015–2016 (n 5811) were used to estimate the mean exposure to methylmercury and EPA + DHA in the current and the alternative scenarios considered. Alternative scenarios (alt) were modelled using probabilistic approaches to reflect substitutions from the current consumption in the type of fish/seafood (alt1: excluding predatory fishes; alt2: including only methylmercury low-level fishes) or in the frequency of weekly fish/seafood consumption (alt3 to alt6: 1, 3, 5 or 7 times a week, replacing fish/seafood meals with meat or others). The overall health impact of these scenarios was quantified using disability-adjusted life years (DALY). In the Portuguese population, about 11 450 DALY could be prevented each year if the fish/seafood consumption increased to a daily basis. However, such a scenario would result in 1398 extra DALY considering the consumption by pregnant women and the respective risk on fetal neurodevelopment. Our findings support a recommendation to increase fish/seafood consumption up to 7 times/week. However, for pregnant women and children, special considerations must be proposed to avoid potential risks on fetal neurodevelopment due to methylmercury exposure.
Triassic trachytic volcanism in the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean: geochemical and geochronological constraints on a continental rifting event
Authors: Zheng Ming , Song Yang , Li Haifeng , Guilmette Carl , Tang Juxing , Zhang Qing , Liu Zhibo , Li Faqiao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Bangong–Nujiang suture zone (BNSZ), which separates the Gondwana-derived Qiangtang and Lhasa terranes, preserves limited geological records of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean (BNO). The timing of opening of this ocean has been hotly debated due to the rare and complicated rock records in the suture zones, which span over 100 Ma from Carboniferous–Permian to Early Jurassic time, based on geological, palaeontological and palaeomagnetic data. A combination of geochemical, geochronological and isotopic data are reported for the Riasairi trachytes, central BNSZ, northern Tibet, to constrain its petrogenesis and tectonic settings. Zircon U–Pb dating by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) yields mean ages of 236 Ma. Geochemically, these rocks are high-K calc-alkaline with moderate SiO2 (59.1–67.5 wt%) and high K2O + Na2O (8.1–11.6 wt%) contents. They are enriched in light rare earth elements with negative Eu anomalies, and show enrichments in high-field-strength elements with positive ‘Nb, Ta’ anomalies, similar to the intra-continental rift setting-related felsic lavas from the African Rift System. The high positive zircon ϵHf(t) and bulk ϵNd(t) values, as well as high initial Pb isotopes, imply a heterogeneous source involving both asthenospheric and subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The field and geochemical data jointly suggest that the Riasairi trachytes within the Mugagangri Group were formed in a continental rift setting. We interpret that the continental-rift-related Riaisairi trachytic lavas as derived from the southern margin of the Qiangtang terrane, implying that the BNO would have opened by Middle Triassic time, well after the commonly interpreted break-up of the Qiangtang terrane from Gondwana.
Disseminating and Containing Communist Propaganda to Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia through Hong Kong, the Cold War Pivot, 1949–1960
Authors: Mok Florence 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article explores an understudied aspect in Asia's Cold War history: how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) used Hong Kong as a Cold War pivot to produce and disseminate left-wing literature for overseas Chinese living in Southeast Asia. It argues that the CCP's expanding cultural influence can be attributed to the Party's commercial acumen. Operating within a permissive colonial regulatory regime, the CCP expanded its control of local and regional markets for left-wing printed materials. The content of CCP literature was inevitably propagandistic – that is, shaped by the changing demands of the Chinese government's foreign policy and by a need to attract foreign remittances and accommodate socialist transformation at home. Hong Kong's emergence as a pivot in propaganda wars that were global in scope created tensions between the United States and Britain, and led governments in Southeast Asia to strengthen state controls on imported communist media. As such, this article makes an original contribution to Hong Kong colonial history and deepens our understanding of transnational dynamics within Southeast Asia.
Effects of cultivar, seed rate, N rate and plant growth regulator on key processing quality parameters of winter and spring-sown oats
Authors: McCabe C. P. , Burke J. I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effects of three seeding rates (250, 350 and 450 seeds/m2), six applied N rates (40, 70, 100, 130, 160 and 190 kg N/ha) and the application of plant growth regulator on the grain quality of two spring oat cultivars (Husky and Keely) were evaluated at four spring-sown sites over a 3-year period (2016–2018). The same cultivars, seeding rates and five applied N rates (80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 kg N/ha) were evaluated at three winter-sown sites, in 2017–2019. Keely had a significantly higher kernel content (KC) in spring (0.7%) and winter-sown (0.6%) oats. Specific weight (SW) decreased as N rate increased in spring-sown crops (1 kg/hl) with no effect observed in winter-sown oats. Hullability (HB) increased (0.92%) in spring-sown crops as N rate increased with a reduction (0.9%) observed when winter-sown. Increases in grain protein percentage (GPP) were observed in spring (1.8%) and winter (1.2%) sowings in response to N rate. The application of plant growth regulator reduced SW (0.4 kg/hl), GPP (0.3%), KC (0.6%) with no effect on HB. Kernel size was highly responsive too applied N rate, with reductions in grains >2.5 mm and increases in grains of smaller size observed as N rate increased. HB had a marked relationship to kernel size with GP inconsistently linked to SW. The results of this study suggest that cultivar, N rate and PGR application are of importance to milling quality and that changes in grain size in response to agronomic practices contribute to changes in specific weight and hullability.
A review of the genusNarcissiaGray, 1840 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Ophidiasteridae)
Authors: Cunha Rosana , Tavares Marcos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the taxonomic revision of the Ophidiasteridae by H.L. Clark (1921), in which 20 genera were recognized as valid, several new genera and species were included in this family, and the boundaries between some of them became largely arbitrary. This also applies toNarcissiaGray, 1840, whose morphology and taxonomy are still very poorly understood today. The main goals of this research were: review the taxonomy of the genusNarcissia, from morphological studies; redescribeN.trigonariaSladen, 1889s.str.; characterizeN.canariensis(d'Orbigny, 1839) andN.gracilisA.H. Clark, 1916, the two valid species most similar toN.trigonaria; review the validity ofN.ahearnaePawson, 2007 andN.trigonariavar.helenaeMortensen, 1933; review the validity ofN.gracilis malpeloensisDowney, 1975. Altogether 370 specimens were analysed. All morphological structures of taxonomic importance have been illustrated, and, for the first time, the internal characters of this group were studied, from electron microscopy and microtomography. A new diagnosis for the genusNarcissiawas constructed.Narcissia trigonariawas redescribed from a large specimen, from the type locality (Bahia, Brazil).Narcissia ahearnaeis considered a valid species, andN.canariensisandN.trigonariadistinct entities.Narcissia trigonariavar.helenaeis placed in the synonymy ofN.trigonaria, andN.gracilis malpeloensisinto the synonymy ofN.gracilis. The dataset obtained in this work is by far the most complete acquired for the genusNarcissia.
The transdiagnostic origins of anxiety and depression during the pediatric period: Linking NIMH research domain criteria (RDoC) constructs to ecological systems
Authors: Doom Jenalee R. , Rozenman Michelle , Fox Kathryn R. , Phu Tiffany , Subar Anni R. , Seok Deborah , Rivera Kenia M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, an abundance of research has utilized the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) research domain criteria (RDoC) framework to examine mechanisms underlying anxiety and depression in youth. However, relatively little work has examined how these mechanistic intrapersonal processes intersect with context during childhood and adolescence. The current paper covers reviews and meta-analyses that have linked RDoC-relevant constructs to ecological systems in internalizing problems in youth. Specifically, cognitive, biological, and affective factors within the RDoC framework were examined. Based on these reviews and some of the original empirical research they cover, we highlight the integral role of ecological factors to the RDoC framework in predicting onset and maintenance of internalizing problems in youth. Specific recommendations are provided for researchers using the RDoC framework to inform future research integrating ecological systems and development. We advocate for future research and research funding to focus on better integration of the environment and development into the RDoC framework.
Translating RDoC to real-world impact in developmental psychopathology: A neurodevelopmental framework for application of mental health risk calculators
Authors: MacNeill Leigha A. , Allen Norrina B. , Poleon Roshaye B. , Vargas Teresa , Osborne K. Juston , Damme Katherine S. F. , Barch Deanna M. , Krogh-Jespersen Sheila , Nielsen Ashley N. , Norton Elizabeth S. , Smyser Christopher D. , Rogers Cynthia E. , Luby Joan L. , Mittal Vijay A. , Wakschlag Lauren S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework has prompted a paradigm shift from categorical psychiatric disorders to considering multiple levels of vulnerability for probabilistic risk of disorder. However, the lack of neurodevelopmentally based tools for clinical decision making has limited the real-world impact of the RDoC. Integration with developmental psychopathology principles and statistical methods actualize the clinical implementation of RDoC to inform neurodevelopmental risk. In this conceptual paper, we introduce the probabilistic mental health risk calculator as an innovation for such translation and lay out a research agenda for generating an RDoC- and developmentally informed paradigm that could be applied to predict a range of developmental psychopathologies from early childhood to young adulthood. We discuss methods that weigh the incremental utility for prediction based on intensity and burden of assessment, the addition of developmental change patterns, considerations for assessing outcomes, and integrative data approaches. Throughout, we illustrate the risk calculator approach with different neurodevelopmental pathways and phenotypes. Finally, we discuss real-world implementation of these methods for improving early identification and prevention of developmental psychopathology. We propose that mental health risk calculators can build a needed bridge between the RDoC multiple units of analysis and developmental science.
Sleep problems predict next-day suicidal thinking among adolescents: A multimodal real-time monitoring study following discharge from acute psychiatric care
Authors: Glenn Catherine R. , Kleiman Evan M. , Kearns Jaclyn C. , Boatman Anne E. , Conwell Yeates , Alpert-Gillis Linda J. , Pigeon Wilfred 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSuicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are major public health concerns among adolescents, and research is needed to identify how risk is conferred over the short term (hours and days). Sleep problems may be associated with elevated risk for STBs, but less is known about this link in youth over short time periods. The current study utilized a multimodal real-time monitoring approach to examine the association between sleep problems (via daily sleep diary and actigraphy) and next-day suicidal thinking in 48 adolescents with a history of STBs during the month following discharge from acute psychiatric care. Results indicated that specific indices of sleep problems assessed via sleep diary (i.e., greater sleep onset latency, nightmares, ruminative thoughts before sleep) predicted next-day suicidal thinking. These effects were significant even when daily sadness and baseline depression were included in the models. Moreover, several associations between daily-level sleep problems and next-day suicidal thinking were moderated by person-level measures of the construct. In contrast, sleep indices assessed objectively (via actigraphy) were either not related to suicidal thinking or were related in the opposite direction from hypothesized. Together, these findings provide some support for sleep problems as a short-term risk factor for suicidal thinking in high-risk adolescents.
Using development and psychopathology principles to inform the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework
Authors: Conradt Elisabeth , Crowell Sheila E. , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2010, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) were developed to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of mental illness across multiple levels of analysis, ranging from cells to circuits to self-report instruments. Several conceptual RDoC-informed manuscripts have highlighted the importance of studying how developmental processes give rise to psychopathology. However, there are few empirical studies that integrate the RDoC framework with development and psychopathology principles. This special issue was developed to fill this empirical gap. In this introduction to the special issue, we describe how the developmental psychopathology field predates and informs the RDoC framework. We highlight three important ways in which developmental psychopathology and the RDoC framework can mutually inform one another, leading to novel discoveries to identify, prevent, and treat mental health problems across the life span.
Measuring the biological embedding of racial trauma among Black Americans utilizing the RDoC approach
Authors: Carter Sierra E. , Gibbons Frederick X. , Beach Steven R.H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative aims to understand the mechanisms influencing psychopathology through a dimensional approach. Limited research thus far has considered potential racial/ethnic differences in RDoC constructs that are influenced by developmental and contextual processes. A growing body of research has demonstrated that racial trauma is a pervasive chronic stressor that impacts the health of Black Americans across the life course. In this review article, we examine the ways that an RDOC framework could allow us to better understand the biological embedding of racial trauma among Black Americans. We also specifically examine the Negative Valence System domain of RDoC to explore how racial trauma is informed by and can help expand our understanding of this domain. We end the review by providing some additional research considerations and future research directives in the area of racial trauma that build on the RDoC initiative.