bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and synthesis of highly fluorescent and stable fullerene nanoparticles as probes for folic acid detection and targeted cancer cell imaging
Authors: Ma Yihan , Fu Sheng , Tan Yixuan , Zhang Aiqing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rational design and construction of fullerene derivatives play significant roles in the development of applications for sensing, marking and imaging in biomedical fields. In the present work, a novel type of C60 fluorescent nanoparticle (C60 FNP) was synthesized by a combination of thiol–ene chemistry and modification with folic acid (FA). The as-prepared C60 FNPs exhibited intense blue luminescence with a relatively high quantum yield of 26%, which is higher than that of any other reported fluorescent fullerene-based nanomaterial. Moreover, they revealed superior photobleaching resistance under constant UV lamp illumination for 5 h and excellent photostablity after 9 months of storage in water. Due to the mutual hydrogen bond interaction, the obtained C60 FNPs were capable of acting as a sensitive and specific probe for FA detection and quantification, with a liner range of 0 to 80 μM and a detection limit of 0.24 μM. Satisfactory recoveries (95.4%–105.2%) were obtained from a series of actual samples, further confirming the feasibility of this nanoprobe. Additionally, taking advantage of the FA moiety, the C60 FNPs had easy access to penetrate into cancer cells with higher expression levels of folate receptors, thereby achieving the function of targeted cellular imaging.
Hot excitons cooling and multiexcitons Auger recombination in PbS quantum dots
Authors: Qin Chaochao , Guo Jiajia , Zhou Zhongpo , Liu Yufang , Jiang Yuhai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the past few years, lead chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) have attracted attention as a new system with a strong quantum confinement effect. In this paper, the hot-excitons cooling and Auger recombination of multiexcitons in PbS QDs are investigated by the femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the excitons dynamics in PbS QDs are closely related to the pump-photon energy and pump-pulse energy. Multiexcitons generate when the excess energy of the absorbed photons is larger than the bandgap energy in PbS QDs. The hot-excitons cooling lifetime increases but the Auger recombination lifetime decreases as the pump-photon energy and the pump-pulse energy increase. Besides, there is a competitive relation between multiple-excitons generation and hot-excitons cooling. The dynamics results of the formation and relaxation of multiexcitons in PbS QDs would shed light on the further understanding of the interaction between excitons and photons in the optoelectronic application based on PbS QDs.
Low kinetic inductance superconducting MgB2 nanowires with a 130 ps relaxation time for single-photon detection applications
Authors: Cherednichenko Sergey , Acharya Narendra , Novoselov Evgenii , Drakinskiy Vladimir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Properties of superconducting nanowires set the performance level for superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs). Reset time in commonly employed large area SNSPDs, 1–10 ns, is known to be limited by the nanowire’s kinetic inductance to the load impedance ratio. On the other hand, reduction of the kinetic inductance in small area (waveguide integrated) SNSPDs prevents biasing them close to the critical current due to latching into a permanent resistive state. In order to reduce the reset time in SNSPDs, superconducting nanowires with both low kinetic inductance and fast electron energy relaxation are required. In this paper, we report on a study of kinetic inductance in narrow (15–100 nm) and long (up to 120 μm) superconducting MgB2 nanowires made from 5 nm thick films, offering such combination of properties. Such films were grown using hybrid physical chemical vapor deposition, resulting in a critical temperature of ∼32 K, and a switch current density of 5 × 107 A cm−2 (at 4.8 K). Using microwave reflectometry, we measured a kinetic inductance of L
k0(4.8 K) = 1.3–1.6 pH/□ regardless of the nanowire width, which results in a magnetic field penetration depth of ∼90 nm. These values are very close to those in pristine MgB2. We showed that after excitations by a 50 fs pulsed laser the reset time in 35 nm × 120 μm MgB2 nanowires is 130 ps, which is more than a factor of 10 shorter than in NbN nanowires of similar length-to-width ratios. Depending on the bias current, such MgB2 nanowires function as single-, double, or triple-photon detectors for both visible (λ = 630 nm) and infrared (λ = 1550 nm) photons, with a dark count rate of <10 cps. Although the apparent photon detection efficiency seems so far to be low, further technological advances (uniform nanowire width, smaller thickness, increasing the switching current closer to the pair-breaking current) may improve this figure of merit.
Risk analysis for sustainable supplier selection
Authors: Rahmadani M , Suparno  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
One of the important factors to survive in a competitive market is sustainable supplier selection. It is especially important because suppliers, who consider three dimensions of sustainability, namely economic, social, and environmental, are upstream players in the supply chain. Considering risk to choose the best supplier may lead to a more extensive and complex sustainable supplier selection process. Therefore, not only will the supplier selected by its performance but also by considering the unexpected deviations. In particular, to tackle this issue, this paper proposes a sustainable supplier selection model by integrating the DEMATEL-ANP and FMEA methods by considering supplier risk in the decision process. The result shows that the best supplier which aligns with the criteria for selecting sustainable suppliers. Moreover, it has a smaller risk compared to other suppliers. As a representative in this research is a pharmaceutical company.
Quantum Lenoir Engine with a Multiple-eigenstates Particle in 1D Potential Box
Authors: Saputra Y D 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQLE which has the working substance of a quantum system, a single particle confined in a one-dimensional potential box, has been constructed theoretically in this paper. The quantum system replaces the role of the classical system which has a working substance in the form of gas confined in a piston cylinder. The piston that moves back and forth is substituted by a 1D potential box wall that can move freely to change the width of the potential box. In this way, the three classical thermodynamic processes in the CLE (Classical Lenoir Engine), namely isochoric, isotherm, and isobar, can be analogous to the quantum system. Finally, we find that the thermal efficiency formulation of QLE has the similarity of shape to the CLE efficiency equation. However, a higher ratio of specific heat for QLE makes the efficiency value greater than CLE at each same compression ratio.
Impacts Due to Foundation Piling Work
Authors: Sari O L , Saputra A A I , Subhakti A , Putri A P , Khala C C S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The foundation erection work is a job that has a high enough complexity. In making the decision of the type of pile and the method of erection, practitioners have many choices with various conditions in the field. Decision making will result in an impact during the foundation erection process. This study aims to analyze what are the impacts caused by the choice of pole type and piling method. A preliminary survey was conducted together with four experts to verify and reduce the 11 impact indicators obtained from the literature study, obtained 6 impact indicators which are quite relevant according to experts and will be used in the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 45 practitioner respondents who had carried out foundation building work. Data analysis validity and reliability tests were carried out on the questionnaire data. It was concluded that there were three main impacts that occurred due to the choice of the type of foundation pile and the piling method, namely environmental impact, economic impact, and social impact. The main impacts are broken down into six impacts including the use of fuel, ground vibration, fuel and material costs, equipment and labor costs, workplace safety, and noise.
Risk Mitigation Analysis And Strategy Of Product Development Processes In The Textile Industry (Case Study: Hijab Trader At Balikpapan Center)
Authors: Leksono Vridayani Anggi , Abdallah Bayu Nur , Zamzani Muhamad Imron 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Quality control is a system and activities to ensure quality standards in accordance with planned specifications. Quality control is also one of the important things that can affect the company’s image for consumers. Balikpapan center is one of the biggest shopping centers in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, at present there are 37 hijab traders on the same floor, resulting in trade competition. A good strategy is needed to be able to sell comfortably, where this strategy will minimize the risks that can arise. One method used is failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). The use of FMEA can be used to identify risks and risk factors and obtain the value of potential failure, so that the greatest failure risk experienced by traders can be identified. The purpose of this research is to analyze the failure factors in the hijab industry, use the FMEA method, determine the risk of failure value in the risk priority number (RPN), and provide improvement plans for traders.. The results showed that there were 3 risk classifications, 12 risk factors, and 15 risk mitigation strategies.
Study of injectable PNIPAAm hydrogels containing niosomal angiogenetic drug delivery system for potential cardiac tissue regeneration
Authors: Malektaj Haniyeh , Imani Rana , Siadati M Hossein 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, heart disease, especially myocardial infarction, is one of the most astoundingly unfortunate causes of mortality in the world. That is why special attention has been paid toward tissue engineering techniques for curing and regeneration of heart tissue. In this study, poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm), a temperature-sensitive injectable hydrogel, was selected as a minimally invasive scaffold to accommodate, carry, and release of niosomal rosuvastatin to the inflicted area for inducing angiogenesis and thus accelerating the healing process. The characteristics of PNIPAAm were studied by scanning electron microscopy, rheology tests, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The properties of the niosomal rosuvastatin release system, including particle size distribution, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and drug release, were also studied. The results showed that niosomes (358 nm) had a drug EE of 78% and a loading capacity of 53%. The drug was sustainably released from the system up to about 54% in 5 d. Cellular studies showed no toxicity to the endothelial cell lines, and the niosomal drug with a concentration of 7.5 nM enhanced cell proliferation, and cell migration increased from 72% to 90% compared to the control sample. Therefore, the controlled-release of niosomal rosuvastatin enhanced angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these advantages suggest that PNIPAAm-based niosomal hydrogel provides a promising candidate as an angiogentic injectable scaffold for potential cardiac tissue regeneration.
Deep decarbonisation of buildings energy services through demand and supply transformations in a 1.5°C scenario
Authors: Levesque Antoine , Pietzcker Robert C , Baumstark Lavinia , Luderer Gunnar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Buildings energy consumption is one of the most important contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide, responsible for 23% of energy-related CO2 emissions. Decarbonising the energy demand of buildings will require two types of strategies: first, an overall reduction in energy demand, which could, to some extent, be achieved at negative costs; and second through a reduction of the carbon content of energy via fuel switching and supply-side decarbonisation. This study assesses the contributions of each of these strategies for the decarbonisation of the buildings sector in line with a 1.5°C global warming. We show that in a 1.5°C scenario combining mitigation policies and a reduction of market failures in efficiency markets, 81% of the reductions in buildings emissions are achieved through the reduction of the carbon content of energy, while the remaining 19% are due to efficiency improvements which reduce energy demand by 31%. Without supply-side decarbonisation, efficiency improvements almost entirely suppress the doubling of emissions that would otherwise be expected, but fail to induce an absolute decline in emissions. Our modelling and scenarios show the impact of both climate change mitigation policies and of the alleviation of market failures pervading through energy efficiency markets. The results show that the reduction of the carbon content of energy through fuel switching and supply-side decarbonisation is of paramount importance for the decarbonisation of buildings.
Economic and environmental benefits of thin bituminous surface pavements over thick bituminous surface pavements
Authors: Bulusu Venkata Jogarao , Kusam Sudhakar Reddy , Muppireddy Amarnatha Reddy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The design of bituminous pavements, using mechanistic-empirical design method, involves the selection of thicknesses of the bituminous layer and the granular layers to keep the strains at critical locations of the pavement structure within the allowable limits arrived from performance equations. The tensile strain under the bituminous layer defines the fatigue life, and compressive strain on top of the subgrade defines the rutting life of the pavement based on the performance equations adopted. It is generally considered that increasing the thickness of the bituminous layer decreases the strain at the bottom of bituminous (binder) layer. So, most of the pavement designers increase the thickness of the bituminous layer to restrict the strains. However, this is not always true. In fact, the tensile strain at the bottom of the bituminous layer increases with the increase in the thickness of bituminous layer up to a critical thickness and then slowly starts decreasing as the thickness further increases. The critical thickness of bituminous layer ranges between 50 mm and 100 mm. In the majority of the cases, the critical tensile strain under the bituminous layer corresponding to the thicknesses of the bituminous layers of 25 mm and 200 mm are very close. Apart from the economy, the problem of mix rutting is greatly minimized in the case of thin bituminous surfacing (TBS). The issues in rehabilitation and recycling of pavement materials are very less as the granular layer can be reused without much processing requirements.
Shear critical Reinforced Concrete beams with Recycled Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Papa Rao G , Sunil N , Sree Ramachandra Murty D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Various kinds of structures are made of premier construction material, concrete. Concrete is extensively used, only second for water; world consumption of concrete is staggering at 4.5 billion tons a year. All the constituent raw materials that go in the production of concrete are Ordinary Portland cement, coarse aggregate and sand which are valuable natural resources; these are facing fast depletion, as the demand for concrete is rising by leaps and bounds. In this context, conservation of concrete materials is inevitable at all costs. The world concrete industry consumes over ten billion tons of coarse aggregate annually. To conserve the natural coarse aggregate, industrial by-products must be increasingly substituted for natural coarse aggregate. In big and overpopulated cities, old and dilapidated structures are demolished for new constructions; the waste can serve as an alternative source, named recycled coarse aggregate (R.C.A). The current research is directed to investigate the suitability of R.C.A as natural coarse aggregate (N.C.A), in shear critical reinforced concrete beams.
Study on early age and ultimate compressive strength of M30 grade self-curing concrete
Authors: Jasmine George Vincent , Kumar Madisetti Pavan , Raju Ponnada Markandeya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Curing concrete is one of the important stages in making quality concrete. Research has not given due attention to this area. Due to the scarcity of potable water and subsequent need for conservation of water, the construction industry is facing a challenge in ensuring proper and adequate curing of concrete elements. Concrete is one of thelargest used construction materials across the world, which can easily be accepted as it has changed the face of rural areas. But in the localities where there is a water insufficiency and in locations of higherelevations, water curing is difficult. There is also a need for reduced water usage for curing for the conservation of potable water for environmental sustainability. These problems can be rectified by using Self-Curing or Internal Curing technique. Self-curing admixturesconsiderablyassist in the preservation of water in concrete, by bringing down the evaporationand transpiration during the hydration of concrete. The present paper is focused to study the performance of M30 grade concrete by using different self-curingcompounds like Poly-vinyl alcohol, Liquid paraffin wax, and Poly-ethylene glycol 400 in comparison with conventional immersion curing.
A review on sustainable concrete mix proportions
Authors: Rajesh Kanta Naga , Raju Ponnada Markandeya , Mishra Kapileswar , Madisetti Pavan Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The need for reducing the carbon footprint and effect of hazardous gases, etc., released from the construction sectors and other product manufacturing industries on the environment is the need of the hour. In this regard, the construction sector has been utilizing some of the wastes generated from various sources in making concrete. Notable among them is the Ground granulated blast furnace slag (i.e. GGBS) as a partial substitution of cement. Further, waste foundry sand, a by-product of the foundry industry is observed to be an appropriate alternative to partial replacement of fine aggregate and demolition waste as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate. These waste utilizations have addressed some of the global environmental concerns like solid waste management, scarcity of landfilling, sustainability etc. but there is still is inefficient, given the rate at which we are producing waste. This paper presents an overview of some of the recent research published on the utilization of wastes in the production of sustainable RMC/SMC. It also presents the effect of waste utilization in concrete on mechanical, microstructural and durability factors.
Mechanical properties of hybrid polypropylene-steel fibre-reinforced concrete composite
Authors: Varma Sagi Murali Sagar , Raju Ponnada Markandeya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fibres are materials with axial resistance to load that can withstand tensile stresses also when they are mixed in concrete. Recent research shows that the use of fibres improves the mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and use of hybrid fibres, the mechanical properties further get improved. This paper presents an experimental investigation to quantify the improved Mechanical Properties for different amounts of mono fibres as hook end steel fibres and hybrid fibres that is a combination of hook end steel and polypropylene fibres. Compressive and splitting tensile strengths, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity are studied. Steel fibres are used in the volume fractions of 0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.25% and polypropylene fibres in a fixed quantity of 400 gm/m3 in M35 grade concrete. From the results, all the Mechanical properties improve with an increase in the fibre content up to an optimum volume fraction of 0.9%. Addition of steel fibres and polypropylene fibres improves flexural strength and split tensile strengths significantly. However, compressive strength and elastic modulus are slightly improved. It is also observed that the addition of fibres increases the post-peak behaviour of the concrete.
Study on cement paste blended with calcined granite powder
Authors: Singh Rajendra Prasad , Rajasekhar K , Adiseshu S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Granite in India is famous for flooring and also used as concrete aggregate. Granite mineral is processed in the industry and large sheets are made which are used as the flooring of dwelling units. During the processing of granite, the mineral is cut into suitable pieces and polished which produces very fine powder. The fine granite powder is a by-product of the granite industry and which is often used for landfill. On the other hand, the granite crushers industries break the granite to suitable sizes to make concrete aggregates also have this fine granite powder as its by-product. Granite is a hard mineral-rich in silica. The silica-rich mineral can be used in concrete as a mineral additive. The hydration compounds of cement in concrete have free lime and mineral admixtures rich in silica are useful in secondary reacting with the excess lime to form C-S-H gel. In the present study, experimental results are discussed for the suitability of granite powder in concrete manufacturing. In the present work, the cement by partial replacement with granite powder in normal state and calcined state up to 50% and the compressive strength of cement paste is found at 28 days. The results indicate that the partial replacement of cement with granite powder results in only a 10% decrease in strength when cement is replaced up to 30% with granite powder.
Seismic analysis of Reinforced concrete frames with stiffness irregularity
Authors: Kumar Sripathi Siva Bhanu Sai , Rama Rao G V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The earthquake occurs due to severe seismic in a particular region and causes devastation and havoc to human life. So, there is a need to assess vulnerability characteristics of the structures which are located in severe seismic regions. In this present work,seismic performance of stiffness irregular structure was studied by using the response spectrum method as per IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002. And the performance of structures with shear wall and bracings placed in the least lateral stiffness direction was studied. From the present study by comparing the seismic performance of the conventional structureand structure with shear wall/bracing it can be concluded that performance of RC frames with stiffness irregularity is more vulnerable than that of RC frames with shear wall/bracings in place. Also, RC frames with shear wall have reduced the seismic impact more than RC frames with bracings.
Optical domains in fiber lasers
Authors: Meng Yichang , Zhang Dongming , Semaan Georges , Kemel Meriem , Nady Ahmed , Salhi Mohamed , Komarov Andrey , Sanchez François 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The formation mechanism of optical domains in multipulse fiber lasers was investigated. Optical domains consist of a square-shaped condensed phase of pulses derived from the slow evolution of gain. With the cross-gain saturation effect of wavelength-dependent or polarization-dependent condensed phases in the cavity, color domains (CDs) exist in dichroic fiber lasers, and polarization domains (PDs) in quasi-isotropic lasers. These operations can be described as a dynamic equilibrium, in which two signals compete and coexist in the cavity and have inverse duty cycles. In this paper, we investigate the analogies and the differences between CDs and PDs.