bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Axial Load-Dependent Deformation Rate on the Grain Size Distribution and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Processed Copper
Authors: Rajendran Anbukkarasi , Nadammal Naresh , Singh Kuldeep , Kailas Satish V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During friction stir processing (FSP), the combination of rotation and movement of the tool leads to frictional heat generation and plastic deformation at the tool-material contact surface, leading to a microstructurally refined formation region. The deformation rate in the material can be altered by varying the axial load by increasing or decreasing the tool’s plunging depth. In the present study, FSP was carried out on a pure copper plate of 3-mm thickness by varying the plunge depth from 2.3 to 2.6 mm for a tool pin length of 2.4 mm. The microstructure of the processed samples was studied by optical microscopy, and the grain size was measured by the linear intercept method. Tensile testing was carried out perpendicular to the processing direction. The grain size distribution was narrower at low axial loads and wider at the higher axial loads, measured between 1 and 120 µm. At higher axial loads, microstructure consisted of bands indicative of the heterogeneity in the deformation. The formation of bands at higher axial loads leads to improved mechanical properties. The ductility of the processed materials at higher axial loads was 16%, which was four times the increase observed at lower axial loads (4%). The formation of a bi-modal microstructure (alternating layers of fine and coarse grains) at high axial load enhanced the processed materials’ strength and ductility.
Self-healing of bio-cementitious mortar incubated within neutral and acidic soil
Authors: Esaker Mohamed , Hamza Omar , Souid Adam , Elliott David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe efficiency of bio self-healing of pre-cracked mortar specimens incubated in sand was investigated. The investigation examined the effect of soil pH representing industrially recognised classes of exposure, ranging from no risk of chemical attack (neutral pH ≈ 7) to very high risk (pH ≈ 4.5). Simultaneously, the soil was subjected to fully and partially saturated cycles for 120 days to resemble groundwater-level fluctuation. Bacillus subtilis with nutrients were impregnated into perlite and utilised as a bacterial healing agent. The healing agent was added to half of the mortar specimens for comparison purposes. Mineral precipitations were observed in both control and bio-mortar specimens, and the healing products were examined by SEM–EDX scanning. The healing ratio was evaluated by comparing (1) the repair rate of the crack area and (2) by capillary water absorption and sorptivity index—before and after incubation. The results indicated that bacteria-doped specimens (bio-mortar) exhibited the most efficient crack-healing in all incubation conditions i.e. different chemical exposure classes. In the pH neutral soil, the average healing ratios for the control and bio-mortar specimens were 38% and 82%, respectively. However, the healing ratio decreased by 43% for specimens incubated in acidic soil (pH ≈ 4) compared with specimens incubated in neutral soil (pH ≈ 7). The study implies that bio self-healing is generally beneficial for concrete embedded within soil; however, aggressive ground conditions can inhibit the healing process.
Efficacy of P-Coumaric acid and Ellagic acid added to preservation solutions in transplantation
Authors: YAZAR Fatih Mehmet , URFALIOĞLU Aykut , BORAN Ömer Faruk , BAHAR Abdulkadir , DAĞLI Hasan , GÜL Mehmet , İNANÇ TOLUN Fatma , BULBULOGLU Ertan 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of the University of Wisconsin (UW) and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) preservation solutions enriched with P-coumaric acid and ellagic acid.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Thirty-six Wistar albino male rats were divided into equal 6ng groups: (Group 1) UW; (Group 2) UW + P-coumaric; (Group 3) UW + Elagic; (Group 4) HTK ;. (Group 5) HTK + P-Coumaric; (Group 6) HTK + Elagic. After the liver perfusion was performed, samples were taken from the liver tissue and perfusion fluid at 0, 6 and 12 hours. At the sixth hour, liver biopsies were performed for histopathological and electron microscopic examination.
RESULTS
In groups enriched with p-coumaric acid (group 2 and group 5), antioxidant enzyme activities, which were higher than the control groups, were decreased at the 0th hour and the difference disappeared at the 6th and 12th hour. In the groups enriched with Ellagic acid, the highest antioxidant enzyme activity was in group 6, when the groups were evaluated in terms of cytokine activity, which are inflammatory parameters, the group with the highest anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4 and IL10 was found to be in group 6, and in group 3, the results were found with group 6. it was found to be similar. In group 2 and group 5, although the results were lower than the control group, the difference was not significant (P> 0.05). It was observed that the results in group 6, in which the lowest values ​​in terms of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL1 and IL6 were in group 3, were higher than in group 3, but significantly lower than the control group, especially in terms of IL6 values ​​(P
Pharmacokinetics of low molecular weight heparins in thrombosis, complicate the treatment of children with cancer
Authors: Dmitriev V. V. , Lipay N. V. , Migal N. V. , Begun I. V. , Dmitriev E. V. 
Published: April 2021

Objective: to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of nadroparin and dalteparin in thrombosis complicating the treatment of children with malignant neoplasms.Materials and methods. The results of 52 pharmacokinetic studies performed in 34 patients with malignant neoplasms, whose treatment was complicated by venous thrombosis, were analyzed. The age of the patients is from 7 to 18 years, he median is 14.5 years. Depending on the value of daily dose and type of heparin administered, the results of pharmacokinetic studies were divided into 6 groups. Dalteparin sodium: during period of chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia, subcutaneous injection at a dose of 51.0 (40.0-72.0) anti Xa IU/kg every 12 hours - 6 studies; subcutaneous injection every 12 hours at a dose of 100.5 (91.0-141.0) anti Xa IU/kg - 18 observations; long-term continuous administration at a constant rate at a daily dose of 201.0 (180.0-265.0) anti Xa IU/kg - 6 pharmacokinetic observations. Nadroparin calcium: 62.0 (53.0-71.0) anti Xa IU/kg every 12 hours - 6 studies; 93.5 (80.0-117.0) anti Xa IU/kg every 12 hours - 10 observations; subcutaneous injection at a dose of 203.0 (170.0-236.0) anti Xa IU/kg once a day - 6 pharmacokinetic observations.Results. At steady-state, the area under the pharmacokinetic curve (AUC) of dalteparin and nadroparin, regardless of the mode of administration, depended on the maximum specific activity and half-life. No relationship was found for dalteparin between AUC and endogenous creatinine clearance. In contrast to dalteparin, the AUC after administration of na-droparin was closely related to endogenous creatinine clearance. The increase in chronometric indices indirectly reflected the presence of an anticoagulant in the blood, but did not allow an objective assessment of therapeutic effect achievement, recorded by the degree of thrombin generation inhibition.Conclusion. There were no significant advantages of nadroparin compared with dalteparin when using in comparable doses in the case of venous thrombosis, complicated the treatment of children with malignant neoplasms. Subcutaneous administration of 50 % nadroparin calcium daily dose with 12 hours interval is preferred over a single administration of 100 % daily dose every 24 hours. It is mandatory to monitor the administration of low molecular weight heparins in children with oncological diseases in order to make a decision on the adequacy of anticoagulant dose to the therapeutic range.
ANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA AND DROUGHT IN THE LOWER NORTHERN PART OF THAILAND
Authors: Et. al. Daniel Derajew Demmsie, 
Published: April 2021

The study areas include Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan and Khamphang Phet. The meteorological data between 1986 and 2015, was collected from the meteorological rain gauge stations situated in the Lower Northern part of Thailand. This study involves the analysis of the meteorological data and drought trends in the northern region of Thailand from 1986 to 2015. The study used the Meteorological Drought Monitor software (MDM) to analyze the drought trends through the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). From this analysis, we then presented the results through graphs representing the trends in meteorological parameters and drought index. The results showed that, the annual rainfall measurement of the regions analyzed continues to reduce consistently as the temperature increase. The drought trends in these provinces observed to considerably lean towards dry conditions. Nakhon Sawan, for instance, experienced extreme drought in 1977(SPI =-2.5) and moderate wetness in 2013. Kampheang Phet recorded moderately wet conditions (SPI =1.5) in 2013 and 2014 years, and near normal conditions (SPI = -1.1) in 1996. Lastly, Phitsanulok was majorly comprised of moderately dry and severely dry, especially for 2015(SPI =-22). From the findings, awareness should be created to foster the need for environmental conservation, besides to improve environmental protection and the levels of precipitation.
BLOCKCHAIN FOR INDIAN AGRICULTURE: A REVOLUTION
Authors: Et. al. Mehtab Alam, 
Published: April 2021

The most challenging problem before the world is providing enough food for the gigantic leap in population. There are numerous reasons for the shortage of food and technological innovations in agriculture are required to overcome the shortages in food supply. Sustainable Development goals (SDGs) provides the futuristic vision and ICT along with other latest technologies will help achieve these development goals at a brisk speed. Recent technological developments as use of mobile-broadband access devices, Internet of Things (IoT), Specialized Robots, Drones, big data analytics and Artificial Intelligence has given farmers tools and technologies to scale agricultural production and marketing of their agricultural products.
In this paper, we will discuss how Smart Agriculture is changing the face of agriculture in Budaun, a small city in Uttar Pradesh. Smart agriculture coupled with block chain technology is being used to achieve sustainability in agriculture growth. The production/yield has risen by over 20% and the profits have increased by over 30% with the new technology.
PAPR REDUCTION TECHNIQUES AND IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENTIN IMAGE BASED MMS VLC SYSTEM
Authors: Et. al. Kiranmai Babburu , 
Published: April 2021

The radiofrequency method of transmission suffers from the problem of the limited licensed radio frequency spectrum, & security, wide EMI (electromagnetic interference), high multipath fading & power consumption for short-range applications. The solution to these problems can be achieved by using optical wireless communication technique called the Visible Light Communication system where the data is sent through regulated emission of light. The transmission of digital image information productively in the present optical wireless communication framework is an uphill task as these systems often suffer from problems like frequency selective fading propagation losses and inter-symbol interferences. In order to conquer such difficulties we hereby propose a robust method to transfer the digital image through a Multi-Carrier Modulation Scheme-MMS. In this paper, an Image-Based Multicarrier modulation VLC system is designed through which is sent a corrupted Digital Image with additive white Gaussian noise and explored the overall execution of the Image based Multicarrier modulation VLC system at distinct SNR values. The paper also addresses the issue of high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in Multicarrier modulation and reduced it by using different PAPR reduction techniques. The received image quality of the proposed system is obtained under different signal to noise ratios at different modulation schemes..
RIPPLE EFFECT OF THE IL&FS CRISIS
Authors: Bhatt Madhav Bhargav 
Published: April 2021

Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFC) are those financial institutions which cater to the demand of those customers whom banks think as sub-prime. In India these companies referred to as NBFC are currently very vulnerable and it is a concern for both RBI as well as the government. The major reason for the concern is the 2019 crisis in the NBFC sector. The crisis which ended in late 2019 was not an overnight event. The worsening of the conditions of NBFCs started in the mid-2018 and gradually deteriorated. The whole crisis timeline can be divided in 2 parts. The first part being the period in which the uncovering of the situation happens and the second part is the actions taken against the defaulters and measures to revive the sector. In this paper we have done an event study of the announcements made during the first period which showed the uncovering of crisis. The major announcements which took place in that period were considered and how those announcement affected the stock price of the related companies. The reason for doing this study was to assess the ripple effect of an announcement of one company on the company, industry and economy as a whole.
Customers Perspective On Mobile Banking During Covid Lockdown Period: A Study Of District Kapurthala
Authors: Dr. Nitya Sharma Puneeta Sharma, Dr. Kavita Sharma, 
Published: April 2021

The access to mobile technology has given an impetus to the banking sector with overall advancement and increase in financial transactions. .With the motto of any time, any where and by any mode, spread of financial products of banks is markedly seen in the market. Banking services can be provided very fast and interactively in mobile banking. In this era, Technology has proved its contribution in today’s business world, which leads to the largest and fastest growth indicator in an economy. Mobile banking is among those indicators which promotes banking and financial sector. The role of technology is changing, the already developed traditional mindset of people. The periphery of transactions are changing rapidly day to day, which gives many opportunities to all banking and financial institutions to enhance their services package offered to customers. Mobile banking service helps the user to handle their sensitive as well as daily routine chores in an efficient and confidential way. Mobile banking doesn’t restrict a customer to stick at one place, region/area. Over the years, financial institutions and banks are always curious to increase the facilities to the customers to fascinate them. This paper examines the awareness of inhabitants of Kapurthala, District Kapurthala regarding the awareness of mobile banking.
Constitutional Morality and Societal Morality: An impact over Live in Relationship
Authors: Gusain Pallavi 
Published: April 2021

This paper focuses on the aspect of Constitutional morality and societal morality in the present scenario and its relevance in all the modern societies. As we all know that morality is the very basis of law and therefore a law reflects the idea of morality. The concept of live in relationship is one of the issues which is related to Constitutionality and societal morality. The concept of live in relationship although is a part of Constitutional morality under Article 21 of Indian Constitution, but fails to be within the ambit of societal morality in context of the Indian society. The paper discusses the difference and the relationship between Constitutional morality and societal morality and its impact on live in relationship. As it said that a society grows only if it adapts itself with the changing time and thereby widening the scope of societal morality by accepting the new concept like live in relationship. The goal of this study is to develop a balance between the constitutional and societal morality in order to give recognition to the concept of live in relationship thereby not limiting itself within the principles of morality
AutoCoulomb: An Automated Configurable Program to Calculate Coulomb Stress Changes on Receiver Faults with Any Orientation and its Application to the 2020 Mw 7.8 Simeonof Island, Alaska, Earthquake
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Xu Caijun , Freymueller Jeffrey T. , Wen Yangmao , Xiao Zhuohui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoulomb stress change is the change in resultant force of shear stress and friction imposed on a receiver fault plane. The resulting stress change is often computed using the Coulomb 3.4 and the postseismic Green’s functions and postseismic components (PSGRN-PSCMP) programs. Notwithstanding both preferences, both have incomplete optimally oriented failure planes (OOPs) and are inconvenient to resolve Coulomb stress changes on various fault planes placed in varying depths. Here, we present an alternative program termed AutoCoulomb. It leverages the shell command-line tool to automatically batch-process Coulomb stress changes on all sorts of receiver fault planes. We first validate the program. We then apply it to the 2020 Mw 7.8 Simeonof Island, Alaska, earthquake, as a case study. Our results show that Coulomb stress changes resolved on fixed receiver faults, using the three programs, are in line with each other. So are those resolved on 3D OOPs using the PSGRN–PSCMP and the AutoCoulomb programs. Nevertheless, Coulomb stress changes on 2D OOPs, generated by the AutoCoulomb program, always outweigh those done by the Coulomb 3.4 program, indicating that 2D OOPs constrained by the latter are not the most optimal. Some nonoptimal 2D OOPs result in the reversal of the signs of Coulomb stress changes, posing a risk of misleading stress shadows with negative Coulomb stress changes. For the case study, the 28 July 2020 Mw 6.1 aftershock received a positive coseismic Coulomb stress change of ∼3.5 bars. In contrast, the compounded coseismic Coulomb stress changes at the hypocenters of the 1946 Mw 8.2, the 1948 Mw 7.2, and the 2020 Mw 7.8 earthquakes are within a range from −1.1 to 0.1 bar, suggesting that coseismic Coulomb stress changes promoted by preceding mainshocks alone are not responsible for these mainshocks. Other factors, such as postseismic viscoelastic relaxation, afterslip, and slow slip, may contribute to promoting their occurrence.
Array-Based Convolutional Neural Networks for Automatic Detection and 4D Localization of Earthquakes in Hawai‘i
Authors: Shen Heather , Shen Yang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe growing amount of seismic data necessitates efficient and effective methods to monitor earthquakes. Current methods are computationally expensive, ineffective under noisy environments, or labor intensive. We leverage advances in machine learning to propose an improved solution, ArrayConvNet—a convolutional neural network that uses continuous array data from a seismic network to seamlessly detect and localize events, without the intermediate steps of phase detection, association, travel-time calculation, and inversion. When testing this methodology with events at Hawai‘i, we achieve 99.4% accuracy and predict hypocenter locations within a few kilometers of the U.S. Geological Survey catalog. We demonstrate that training with relocated earthquakes reduces localization errors significantly. We outline several ways to improve the model, including enhanced data augmentation and use of relocated offshore earthquakes recorded by ocean-bottom seismometers. Application to continuous records shows that our algorithm detects 690% as many earthquakes as the published catalog, and 125% as many events than the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory internal catalog. Because of the enhanced detection sensitivity, localization granularity, and minimal computation costs, our solution is valuable, particularly for real-time earthquake monitoring.
High Potential for Splay Faulting in the Molucca Sea, Indonesia: November 2019 Mw 7.2 Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Ishibe Takeo , Harada Tomoya , Natawidjaja Danny Hilman , Pranantyo Ignatius Ryan , Widyantoro Bayu Triyogo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTsunami potential from high dip-angle splay faults is an understudied topic, although such splay faults can significantly amplify coastal tsunami heights as compared with ordinary thrust faults. Here, we identify a hotspot for tsunamis from splay faulting in the Molucca Sea arc–arc collision zone in eastern Indonesia, which accommodates one of the world’s most complicated tectonic settings. The November 2019 Mw 7.2 earthquake and tsunami are studied through teleseismic inversions assuming rupture velocities in the range 1.5–4.0  km/s followed by tsunami simulations. The normalized root mean square error index was applied and revealed that the best model has a rupture velocity of 2.0  km/s from the steeply dipping plane. The recent high dip-angle reverse 2019 Mw 7.2 and 2014 Mw 7.1 earthquakes combined with numerous similar seismic events may indicate that this region is prone to splay faulting. This study highlights the need for understanding tsunamis from splay faulting in other subduction zones.
Cuidados y flujos migratorios feminizados sur-norte y sur‐sur: negación de derechos y ciudadanía limitada
Authors: Setién Santamaría María Luisa , Acosta González Elaine 
Published: April 2021

La llamada crisis del cuidado de personas dependientes es una de las razones que influye en la mayor presencia de mujeres inmigrantes en el desarrollo de esta actividad, tanto en países del norte como del sur. Este artículo presenta resultados parciales de una investigación más amplia. Su objetivo es reflexionar sobre los derechos –y obligaciones– involucrados en el ejercicio de la actividad de cuidado, en particular de aquella proporcionada por mujeres inmigrantes. Para su abordaje utilizaremos una perspectiva comparada, indagando la manera en que se ha comportado el fenómeno en dos flujos migratorios: sur-norte y sur-sur. En el primer flujo tomaremos el caso de España y en el segundo recurriremos al caso de la inmigración hacia Chile. Para el estudio se utilizó la técnica de entrevista en profundidad aplicada a distintos actores involucrados en la relación socialde cuidado. En relación con los resultados, pudo apreciarse que las valoraciones y percepciones sobre el acceso y ejercicio de derechos en la relación social de cuidado refuerzan la idea, subrayada en otros estudios, de la existencia de una negación concatenada de derechos y, en consecuencia, del ejercicio de una ciudadanía limitada, tanto para las mujeres inmigrantes cuidadoras, como para las personas en situación de dependencia, que son los sujetos en mayor situación de fragilidad.