bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diaphragmatic Mesothelial Cyst: Radiological Appearance and Follow-Up Results During Childhood
Authors: Akdulum Ismail , Öztürk Mehmet , Karatoprak Sinan , Akyüz Melih , Sığırcı Ahmet , Boyunaga Öznur Leman 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To identify radiological findings of diaphragmatic mesothelial cysts (DMC) in the pediatric age group and to assess follow-up outcomes.
In this study, 27 pediatric age group patients were evaluated with ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging due to various clinical indications and diagnosed with DMC from May 2014 to September 2018. Age, sex, imaging indications and DMC localization, volumes in the first diagnosis, and follow-ups were retrospectively evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used for age, sex, imaging indications, and volume are presented as numbers and percentages.
Ages range from 5 months to 13 years. Nine girls and 18 boys included in this study. The most common imaging indications were abdominal pain, diarrhea, and obesity. The mean volume of DMC was at first 2.62 and 2.45 mL during the follow-ups. There was volume reduction in 24 cases, and no change in 3 cases. Mean follow-up duration was 22.4 months. The US imaging findings were similar for all cases, bilobular cystic lesion with fat indentation between the cyst and liver parenchyma.
The typical localization and lateral fat sign are useful in differential diagnosis of DMC from cystic lesions of liver. The US is a very effective and beneficial radiological method for diagnosis and follow-up. Routine clinical and sonographic follow-ups may be sufficient for asymptomatic patients with stable cyst volume.
Interobserver Variability of Ultrasound Features Based on American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Lexicon in American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System System
Authors: Özel Alper , Türkyılmaz Mut Deniz , Ağrıdağ Üçpınar Burçin , Özdal Sayer Ayşe , Yanç Uğur , von Bodelschwingh Bade , Gemalmaz Ali 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the variability of selecting the ultrasound features used in American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) and in assigning the ACR-TIRADS level in a single center among radiologists and radiology residents. The study cohort consisted of 108 thyroid nodules in 102 patients who had definite cytology results after thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (Bethesda category II, VI) or surgery. Seven observers including 3 radiologists and 4 radiology residents evaluated the nodules according to 5 ultrasound feature categories. The evaluation process was performed after a joint meeting session, in which the “white papers” of the ACR-TIRADS committee were discussed regarding the thyroid ultrasound reporting lexicon, and final TIRADS system. Variability of ultrasound features and assigning ACR-TIRADS level was measured using Fleiss kappa statistics. Agreement for ultrasound features was “substantial” to “almost perfect” among all observers, with composition (κ = 0.86), macrocalcification (κ = 0.89) and peripheral calcification (κ = 0.92) at the highest level of agreement. The level of agreement for large comet tail artifacts and punctate echogenic foci was “moderate” in residents, whereas in radiologists, that level was “substantial.” The agreement for assigning ACR-TIRADS level was moderate in resident as well as in radiologist subgroup. Agreement of thyroid ultrasound features was “substantial to almost perfect” among all observers. Although the level of agreement among resident group decreased to “moderate” level, ACR-TIRADS is a useful system in thyroid nodule management.
Reconstruction of Complete Bilateral Maxillary Defects With Free Flaps
Authors: Yu Sen , Zhang Wen-Bo , Wang Yang , Mao Chi , Guo Chuan-Bin , Peng Xin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Reconstruction of complete bilateral maxillary defects (CBMDs) can be challenging due to the extensive loss of bone and soft tissues. This is a retrospective case series of 46 consecutive patients with CBMDs that were reconstructed with different micro-vascular free flaps. The authors aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and discuss the different reconstruction options in this case series. Thirty-six patients underwent reconstruction following ablation surgery for malignant tumors, 6 for benign tumors, 3 patients were treated for osteomyelitis, and 1 patient underwent free flap reconstruction for posttraumatic defects. Free fibula flap (n = 26) is the most commonly used reconstruction method in this case series, which was used in all defect types. This is followed by anterolateral thigh flap (n = 10), 5 rectus abdominis myocutaneous free flap, 3 radial forearm free flaps, and 2 composite free flaps. In this series, 44 free flaps survived, whereas only 2 flaps were lost. All patients could resume a soft diet postoperatively. Reconstruction of CBMDs with vascularized free flaps is a safe and reliable procedure.
The Effect of Cryotherapy Application on Postoperative Pain
Authors: Muaddi Hala , Lillie Erin , Silva Stephanie , Cross Jori-Lee , Ladha Karim , Choi Stephen , Mocon Aaron , Karanicolas Paul 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To systematically review and meta-analyze whether the application of cryotherapy on closed incisions reduces postoperative pain and opioid consumption.

Background:
Reduction of acute pain and opioid use is important in the postoperative phase of patient care. ‘‘Cryotherapy’’ refers to the use of low temperatures for therapeutic purposes.

Methods:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Online registries of clinical trial were search until October 2019. RCT that examined postoperative application of cryotherapy over surgical incisions in adults compared to no cryotherapy were eligible. Selection, extraction, and risk of bias appraisal were completed in duplicate. Data were synthesized using random effects meta-analyses. The outcomes of interest were postoperative pain, opioid use, hospital length of stay (LOS) and surgical site infection (SSI).

Results:
Fifty-one RCTs (N = 3425 patients) were included. With moderate certainty evidence, patients treated with cryotherapy experienced a reduction in pain on postoperative day 1 (standardized mean differences −0.50, 95% CI −0.71 to −0.29, l
2

= 74%) and day 2 (standardized mean differences −0.63, 95% CI −0.91 to −0.35, I
2
= 83%) relative to without cryotherapy application. With moderate certainty of evidence, cryotherapy reduces opioid consumption in morphine milliequivalents and morphine milliequivalents/kg, (mean differences –7.43, 95% CI –12.42, –2.44, I
2
= 96%) and (mean differences −0.89, 95% CI −1.45, −0.33, I2= 99%), respectively. With low certainty evidence, cryotherapy does not affect hospital LOS or rate of SSI.

Conclusion:
Cryotherapy is a pragmatic, noncostly intervention that reduces postoperative pain and opioid consumption with no effect on SSI rate or hospital LOS.
A Comparison of the Biomechanical Performance of 3 Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Foams
Authors: Gibson Daniel J. 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to compare 3 foam dressings to (1) determine the biomechanical performance of existing negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) foams and (2) to determine if a test foam is possibly suitable as an antimicrobial “white” foam alternative for use in NPWT.DESIGN:A comparison of mechanical performance of 3 foams used for vacuum-assisted NPWT.SUBJECTS AND SETTING:Preclinical laboratory study using an in vitro model.METHODS:The performance of a “white” foam (polyvinyl alcohol [PVA]), an antimicrobial “black” foam (polyurethane [PU]), and an antimicrobial white foam alternative (test PVA) were tested and compared using 3 mechanically relevant criteria. First, the fluid removal rate was measured for 72 hours. Next, the pressure input was compared to the pressure directly beneath the center of the foam. Finally, the spread of negative pressure beneath the foam was measured and compared.RESULTS:Significant differences were found in fluid removal rates; specifically, the PU foam removed fluids faster than the PVA and test PVA foams, and the currently available PVA foams performed similarly. Both the PU and test PVA foams were able to transmit the negative pressure through the center of the dressing, while the typical PVA foam began failing at 140 mm Hg, with 50% of the samples failing at 200 mm Hg. All PU replicate foams evenly distributed the pressure, while 47% to 60% of the test PVA foams and 7% of the typical PVA foams distributed pressures evenly.CONCLUSIONS:Study findings suggest that the test PVA foam does not mechanically interfere with NPWT and performs equivalently to currently used foams. These results suggest that the test PVA may be modified and incorporated into a vacuum-assisted NPWT device. In addition, the methods employed in these experiments provide a reproducible means to compare biomechanical compatibility of various NPWT foams, dressings, and subdrape devices.
Radiographic evaluation of lumbar intervertebral disc height index: an intra and inter-rater agreement and reliability study
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Sima Stone , Sandhu Harvinder S. , Kuan Jeff , Diwan Ashish D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate intra- and inter-rater agreement and reliability of seven reported disc height index (DHI) measurement methods on standing lateral X-ray of lumbar spine.MethodsThe adult patients who had standing lateral X-ray of lumbar spine were recruited. Seven methods were used to measure DHI of each lumbar intervertebral disc level. Bland and Altman’s Limits of Agreement (LOA) with standard difference were calculated to examine intra- and inter-rater agreements between two out of seven methods for DHI. Intra-class correlations (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess intra- and inter-rater reliability.ResultsThe intra-rater reliability in DHI measurements for 288 participants were ICCs from 0.807 (0.794, 0.812) to 0.922 (0.913, 0.946) by rater 1 (SS) and from 0.827 (0.802, 0.841) to 0.918 (0.806, 0.823) by rater 2 (XC). Method 2, 3, and 5 on all segmental levels had bias (95% CI does not include zero) or/and out of the acceptable cut-off proportion (>50%). A total of 609 outliers in 9174 segmental levels’ LOA range. Inter-rater reliability was good-to-excellent in all but method 2 (0.736 (0.712, 0.759)) and method 5 (0.634 (0.598, 0.667)). ICCs of related lines to good-to-excellent reliability methods was excellent in all but only indirect line in method 1 and 4 (ICCs lie in the range from 0.8 to 0.9).ConclusionFollowing structured protocol, intra- and inter-rater reliability was good-to-excellent for most DHI measurement methods on X-ray. However, in the presence of vertebral rotation, one should exercise caution in using complicated methods to define vertebral landmarks.
Use of rapid molecular tuberculosis diagnostics across Brazil’s incarcerated population
Authors: Fajer Elinor B. , Costa Fernanda Dockhorn , Pelissari Daniele Maria , Diaz Quijano Fredi Alexander , de Brito Artemir Coelho , Totumi Cunha Eunice Atsuko , Croda Julio , Andrews Jason R. , Walter Katharine S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncarcerated individuals in Brazil are at high-risk of tuberculosis (TB), but their access to World Health Organization recommended diagnostics is poorly understood.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed TB cases in Brazil’s notifiable disease registry, which includes information on diagnostic tests performed, from January 2015 through December 2018. We quantified reported use of TB diagnostics across incarcerated and non-incarcerated populations and tested for municipality-level factors associated with diagnostic usage among the incarcerated population with generalized linear regression.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2018, 258,014 individuals were newly diagnosed with TB, including 27,400 (10.6%) incarcerated individuals. Among these, 27.5% had an Xpert MTB/RIF test reported; 71.5% had sputum smear; 34.1% had culture; 70.9% had chest radiography. Xpert MTB/RIF use was greater among incarcerated than non-incarcerated individuals (36.2% vs 26.5%, p<0.001). However, we found spatial heterogeneity in state-level use of both Xpert MTB/RIF (range: 4.7-72.4% cases diagnosed) and chest radiography (range: 11.7-88.4%) in prisons. We identified seven municipalities with large incarcerated populations (>5000) with rates of Xpert MTB/RIF usage below the national average in incarcerated individuals.ConclusionPrioritizing expansion of rapid molecular diagnostics in prisons, particularly in regions with limited current usage of molecular diagnostics, will be an essential component of TB control.
Increased risk of psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 is highest early in the clinical course
Authors: Coleman Ben , Casiraghi Elena , Blau Hannah , Chan Lauren , Haendel Melissa , Laraway Bryan , Callahan Tiffany J , Deer Rachel R , Wilkins Ken , Reese Justin , Robinson Peter N 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundCOVID-19 has been shown to increase the risk of adverse mental health consequences. A recent electronic health record (EHR)-based observational study showed an almost two-fold increased risk of new-onset mental illness in the first 90 days following a diagnosis of acute COVID-19.MethodsWe used the National COVID Cohort Collaborative, a harmonized EHR repository with 2,965,506 COVID-19 positive patients, and compared cohorts of COVID-19 patients with comparable controls. Patients were propensity score-matched to control for confounding factors. We estimated the hazard ratio (COVID-19:control) for new-onset of mental illness for the first year following diagnosis. We additionally estimated the change in risk for new-onset mental illness between the periods of 21-120 and 121-365 days following infection.FindingsWe find a significant increase in incidence of new-onset mental disorders in the period of 21-120 days following COVID-19 (3.8%, 3.6-4.0) compared to patients with respiratory tract infections (3%, 2.8-3.2). We further show that the risk for new-onset mental illness decreases over the first year following COVID-19 diagnosis compared to other respiratory tract infections and demonstrate a reduced (non-significant) hazard ratio over the period of 121-365 days following diagnosis. Similar findings are seen for new-onset anxiety disorders but not for mood disorders.InterpretationPatients who have recovered from COVID-19 are at an increased risk for developing new-onset mental illness, especially anxiety disorders. This risk is most prominent in the first 120 days following infection.FundingNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).
Multi-ancestry meta-analysis of asthma identifies novel associations and highlights the value of increased power and diversity
Authors: Tsuo Kristin , Zhou Wei , Wang Ying , Kanai Masahiro , Namba Shinichi , Gupta Rahul , Majara Lerato , Nkambule Lethukuthula L. , Morisaki Takayuki , Okada Yukinori , Neale Benjamin M. ,   Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative, Daly Mark J. , Martin Alicia R. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryAsthma is a complex disease that affects millions of people and varies in prevalence by an order of magnitude across geographic regions and populations. However, the extent to which genetic variation contributes to these disparities is unclear, as studies probing the genetics of asthma have been primarily limited to populations of European (EUR) descent. As part of the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI), we conducted the largest genome-wide association study of asthma to date (153,763 cases and 1,647,022 controls) via meta-analysis across 18 biobanks spanning multiple countries and ancestries. Altogether, we discovered 179 genome-wide significant loci (p < 5×10−8) associated with asthma, 49 of which are not previously reported. We replicate well-known associations such as IL1RL1 and STAT6, and find that overall the novel associations have smaller effects than previously-discovered loci, highlighting our substantial increase in statistical power. Despite the considerable range in prevalence of asthma among biobanks, from 3% to 24%, the genetic effects of associated loci are largely consistent across the biobanks and ancestries. To further investigate the polygenic architecture of asthma, we construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) using a multi-ancestry approach, which yields higher predictive power for asthma in non-EUR populations compared to PRS derived from previous asthma meta-analyses. Additionally, we find considerable genetic overlap between asthma age-of-onset subtypes, as well as between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but minimal overlap in enriched biological pathways. Our work underscores the multifactorial nature of asthma development and offers insight into the shared genetic architecture of asthma that may be differentially perturbed by environmental factors and contribute to variation in prevalence.
De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis is a Targetable Vulnerability in IDH Mutant Glioma
Authors: Shi Diana D. , Savani Milan R. , Levitt Michael M. , Wang Adam C. , Endress Jennifer E. , Bird Cylaina E. , Buehler Joseph , Stopka Sylwia A. , Regan Michael S. , Lin Yu-Fen , Gao Wenhua , Khanal Januka , Xu Min , Huang Bofu , Jennings Rebecca B. , Bonal Dennis M. , Martin-Sandoval Misty S. , Dang Tammie , Gattie Lauren C. , Lee Sungwoo , Asara John M. , Kornblum Harley I. , Mak Tak W. , Looper Ryan E. , Nguyen Quang-De , Signoretti Sabina , Gradl Stefan , Sutter Andreas , Jeffers Michael , Janzer Andreas , Lehrman Mark A. , Zacharias Lauren G. , Mathews Thomas P. , Richardson Timothy E. , Cahill Daniel P. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Ligon Keith L. , Ly Peter , Agar Nathalie Y. R. , Abdullah Kalil G. , Harris Isaac S. , Kaelin William G. , McBrayer Samuel K. 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYMutations affecting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes are prevalent in glioma, leukemia, and other cancers. Although mutant IDH inhibitors are effective against leukemia, they appear less active in aggressive glioma, underscoring the need for alternative treatment strategies. Through a chemical synthetic lethality screen, we discovered that IDH1 mutant glioma cells are hypersensitive to drugs targeting enzymes in the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis pathway, including dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). We developed a genetically engineered mouse model of mutant IDH1-driven astrocytoma and used it and multiple patient-derived models to show that the brain-penetrant DHODH inhibitor BAY 2402234 displays monotherapy efficacy against IDH mutant gliomas. Mechanistically, this vulnerability selectively applies to de novo pyrimidine, but not purine, synthesis because glioma cells engage disparate programs to produce these nucleotide species and because IDH oncogenes increase DNA damage upon nucleotide pool imbalance. Our work outlines a tumor-selective, biomarker-guided therapeutic strategy that is poised for clinical translation.
Interplay between PML NBs and HIRA for H3.3 dynamics following type I interferon stimulus
Authors: Kleijwegt Constance , Bressac Florent , Cohen Camille , Texier Pascale , Simonet Thomas , Schaeffer Laurent , Lomonte Patrick , Corpet Armelle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPromyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies (PML NBs) are nuclear membrane-less organelles physically associated with chromatin underscoring their crucial role in genome function. The H3.3 histone chaperone complex HIRA accumulates in PML NBs upon senescence, viral infection or IFN-I treatment in primary cells. Yet, the molecular mechanisms of this partitioning and its function in regulating histone dynamics have remained elusive. By using specific approaches, we identify intermolecular SUMO-SIM interactions as an essential mechanism for HIRA recruitment in PML NBs. Upon IFN-I stimulation, PML is required for interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) transcription and PML NBs become juxtaposed to ISGs loci at late time points of IFN-I treatment. HIRA and PML are necessary for the prolonged H3.3 deposition at the transcriptional end sites of ISGs, well beyond the peak of transcription. Though, HIRA accumulation in PML NBs is dispensable for H3.3 deposition on ISGs. Hence, we describe an independent role of PML NBs as nuclear depot centers to regulate HIRA distribution in the nucleus, as a consequence of the availability of the pool of H3.3-H4 dimers or chromatin compaction. We thus uncover a dual function for PML/PML NBs in regulating ISGs transcription and H3.3 deposition at ISGs, and in modulating the nuclear distribution of HIRA upon inflammatory response.
E-cadherin mediated Apical Membrane Initiation Site localisation
Authors: Liang Xuan , Weberling Antonia , Hii Chun Yuan , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena , Buckley Clare E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndividual cells within de novo polarising tubes and cavities must integrate their forming apical domains into a centralised apical membrane initiation site (AMIS). This is necessary to enable organised lumen formation within multi-cellular tissue. Despite the well documented importance of cell division in localising the AMIS, we have found a division-independent mechanism of AMIS localisation that relies instead on Cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Our study of de novo polarising mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) cultured in 3D suggest that cell-cell adhesion localises apical proteins such as PAR-6 to a centralised AMIS. Unexpectedly, we also found that mESC cell clusters lacking functional E-cadherin still formed a lumen-like cavity in the absence of AMIS localisation but did so at a later stage of development via a ‘closure’ mechanism, instead of via hollowing. This work suggests that there are two, interrelated mechanisms of apical polarity localisation: cell adhesion and cell division. Alignment of these mechanisms in space allows for redundancy in the system and ensures the development of a coherent epithelial structure within a growing organ.