bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling by grape polyphenols in breast cancer (766.6)
Authors: Rivera Rivera Amilcar , Castillo Pichardo Linnette , Dharmawardhane Suranganie 
Published: June 2021

The Akt/adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has emerged as a critical signaling nexus for regulating cellular metabolism, energy homeostasis, and cell growth; and dysregulation of this pathway contributes to the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. We previously reported that a combination of grape polyphenols, (resveratrol, quercetin and catechin: RQC) at equimolar concentrations, inhibits breast cancer (BC) growth and metastasis in nude mice. The current objective is to investigate a role for RQC in BC therapy via inhibition of the Akt/AMPK/mTOR pathway. We found that in metastatic BC cells, RQC at 5uM each inhibits Akt and mTOR activities and activates AMPK, an endogenous inhibitor of mTOR. To determine the contribution of individual polyphenols to the effect of combined RQC on mTOR signaling, metastatic BC cells were treated with RQC individually and in combination, at various concentrations. The activities (phosphorylation) of AMPK, Akt, and the mTOR downstream effectors p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) and 4E binding protein (4EBP1) were determined by Western blot. Results show that at 蠅5uM, individual compounds downregulated Akt activity to a level similar to combined RQC at 5uM each, indicating a single mechanism of action. Quercetin at 15uM was the most efficient compound at both AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition. Therefore, regulation of cancer cell metabolism by quercetin has the potential to block BC cell growth and migration, and thus, metastatic progression. In conclusion, quercetin is a viable candidate for future development as an anti BC therapeutic.Grant Funding Source: Supported by US Army DoD/BCRP W81XWH‐07‐1‐0330 to SD, U54 CA096297 to UPRM‐MSC, MBRS‐RISE
Calcium Intake modulates obesity phenotypes in African American children possessing risk alleles for development of type 2 diabetes (767.11)
Authors: Devaney Joseph , Sprouse Courtney , Gordish‐Dressman Heather , Ryan Leticia , Tosi Laura 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Explore whether total calcium consumption modulates obesity phenotypes in African American children (AA) possessing risk alleles for development of type 2 diabetes (T2D).Methods: 142 AA children (5 to 9 yrs) were genotyped for alleles associated with increased risk of developing T2D. 67 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen from published GWAS to identify T2D risk loci. We evaluated three obesity phenotypes; body mass index percentile and, using DXA, percent fat, and total body fat/height. Assessments of nutritional intake (milk, dairy, and total calcium) were measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and then evaluated to assess their effect on the significant outcome/SNP relationships. All analyses used linear or quantile regression models.Results: We found significant relationships between body fat outcomes and 5 SNPs (ADAMTS9‐AS2, CDC123, PRC1, ZMIZ1, and rs7560163). Assessment of the effect of nutritional intake showed that total calcium intake normalized for body weight was a highly significant predictor of body fat and a significant modifier of the outcome/SNP effect.Conclusions: In AA children, calcium intake modulates obesity phenotypes in individuals possessing risk alleles associated with development of T2D. Expansion of this research may help identify individuals for whom increased calcium intake will have the most beneficial effect.Grant Funding Source: Dairy Research Institute
A new method for measurement of ACE2 activity in tissues using fluorescent angiotensin peptides (779.9)
Authors: Oliveira Marilene , Santos Robson 
Published: June 2021

The carboxypeptidase ACE2 is a key enzyme of the renin‐angiotensin system, being primarily responsible for the formation of Ang ‐(1‐7 ) by cleavage of the carboxy‐terminal end of Ang II as well as the degradation of Angiotensin A to alamandine. The aim of this study was to develop a new method for measurement of ACE2 activity using the fluorecent Ang A and Ang II and HPLC. To evaluate the activity of ACE2, we used samples of heart, kidney and lung of FVBN wild type mice. Samples were homogenized in buffer for optimal activity of ACE2. Initially, we optimized the conditions of the assay using different concentrations of recombinant human enzyme rhACE2 at different incubation times with the substrate Ang II or Ang A. After the assay optimization, our results showed a linear formation of Ang‐(1‐7) or Alamandine linear with the concentration of RhACE2 and time of incubation. The homogenates of the tissues and the cocktail of inhibitors used for the incubation did not produce fluorescence. With the addition of the protease inhibitors Z ‐prolyl‐ prolinal , Captopril Chymostatin, Phosphoramidon , DL Thiorphan , Amastatin , Bestatin , Benzilsuccinaeo and PCMB, it was possible to inhibit the enzymes related to the SRA except ACE2 ,ensuring the reproducibility of the assay. Losartan also used to prevent the binding of the substrates to AT1 receptors present in homogenates. The ACE2 inhibitor MLN4760,abolished the formation of Ang‐(1‐7) or Alamandine by the homogenates. However, as described previously, DX600 was not able to inhibit ACE2 in mice tissue homogenate. The sensitivity of the assay was higher with the use of Ang A as substrate. This novel non‐isotopic, HPLC‐based method can be used for studies on the functional role of ACE2 in physiological and pathological conditions.Grant Funding Source: INCT‐CNPq, CAPES, FAPEMIG
Epigenetic regulation of EGF‐induced CTEN gene expression (800.2)
Authors: Liao Yi‐chun , Chang Chia‐chun 
Published: June 2021

CTEN induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) mediates the EGF‐promoted cell migration and also prolongs EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling. However, the molecular mechanism underlying EGFR signaling upregulates CTEN expression is still incompletely understood. In this report, we showed that EGF‐induced expression of CTEN was mediated by ERK activation in a normal human prostatic epithelial cell line RWPE‐1 as well as in a cervical cancer cell line HeLa. Further dissection of the regulatory mechanism at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels found that serial 5’‐deletions within 3‐kb CTEN promoter produced no significant induction in promoter activities after EGF stimulation. In addition, EGF has no effect on CTEN mRNA stability. Nonetheless, by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we revealed that EGF treatment enhanced the histone acetylation levels in the promoter region of CTEN. Furthermore, anacardic acid, a histone acetyltransferase p300 inhibitor, suppressed EGF‐induced CTEN expression, suggesting that the histone acetyltransferase p300 may be involved in the regulation of EGF‐induced CTEN expression.Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Science Council, the Republic of China (Taiwan)
Preconception anemia and birth outcomes in Vietnam (804.6)
Authors: Gonzalez‐Casanova Ines , Nguyen Phuong , Hao Wei , Pham Hoa , Truong Truong , Nguyen Son , Martorell Reynaldo , Ramakrishnan Usha 
Published: June 2021

The negative impact of anemia during pregnancy on birth outcomes is known, but few have examined the relative contribution of anemia prior to conception. We analyzed data on preconception anemia (PA) and birth outcomes collected prospectively from 946 mother‐infant pairs participating in a micronutrient supplementation trial in Vietnam. We used generalized linear models to estimate associations between PA, defined as a three‐level ordinal variable (coded 0,1,2) based on hemoglobin concentrations (Hb): >12 mg/dl (80% of sample), >11 to <12 mg/dl (13%), and <11 mg/dl (7%), and to adjust for potential confounders (BMI, age, education). We found negative associations between PA and birth weight (‐47 g, p=0.03), length (‐0.41 cm, p=0.02), head circumference (‐0.32 cm, p=0.03), and gestational age‐GA (‐0.29 weeks, p=0.01). After controlling for GA, the associations between PA and measures of birth size were attenuated (~0.00, p>0.10), suggesting that GA mediated the association between PA and birth size in our study population. These findings support the need for strategies and interventions to prevent and control anemia in women of reproductive age, both prior and during pregnancy, to improve birth outcomes.Supported by The Micronutrient Initiative and The Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition
Food insecurity is associated with health related quality of life in HIV infected adults (805.13)
Authors: Hatsu Irene , Hade Erinn , Campa Adriana 
Published: June 2021

Objective: HIV disease affects Quality of life (QOL), making it an important outcome in disease management and treatment. QOL can also be affected by food insecurity. We therefore investigated the relationship between food security status and health related quality of life of persons living with HIV (PLHIV).Methods: After consenting, 176 individuals completed questionnaires that assessed sociodemographic variables, and health related quality of life (using SF‐36 V2). Analyses for associations were conducted by either Fisher’s exact test or general linear models.Results: Participants were 41% food secure (FS), 34% low food security (LFS) and 25% very low food security (VLFS). LFS was associated with lower scores for vitality (p=0.01), social functioning (p=0.01), and mental health (p=0.02). VLFS was associated with lower scores for role‐physical (p=0.01), general health (p<0.001), vitality (p=0.001), social function (p=0.001), role‐ emotional (p=0.003), and mental health (p<0.001). Both LFS and VLFS were associated with higher bodily pain (p=0.03 and p=0.03 respectively). They were also significantly associated with reduced scores within the mental component summary scale (MCS); p=0.03 and p<0.001 respectively.Conclusion: VLFS is strongly associated with physical and mental wellbeing of PLHIV. Strategies to improve food access and subsequent wellbeing in this population are needed.
Ethnic differences in pregnancy outcome and its predictors in Kuwait (806.9)
Authors: Rahman Abdur , Al‐Rashidi Haila , Akhtar Saeed 
Published: June 2021

Background: Kuwait is a multi‐ethnic society with two‐third of the population comprises expatriates of various nationalities. In this research, we evaluated the major predictors of pregnancy outcome, and tested whether there are ethnic differences in maternal variables, and infant related birth attributes.Methods: Women (n=369) admitted to the Al‐Sabah Maternity Hospital Kuwait for deliveries were recruited in this study. Data were collected on mother height (MH), hemoglobin (Hb), mid‐upper arm circumference, blood pressure, placental weight (PW), birth weight (BW), crown‐heal length (CHL), and head circumference (HC). PW/BW ratio was also calculated.Results: Linear regression analysis showed PW as a significant predictor of BW, CHL and HC and MH as a significant predictor of BW and CHL. Both PW and MH were significantly lower in Kuwaiti and Indian women compared to Egyptian, Syrian or Lebanese women. Parallel to these, Kuwaiti and Indian women had babies with significantly lower HC and CHL values. Hb was significantly lower in Kuwaiti women compared to other ethnic groups, whereas, BW did not differ significantly.Conclusion: Significant ethnic differences were observed in CHL and HC and these differences were predicted by PW and MH. Further research is needed to elucidate the significance of these differences in pregnancy outcome and factors that contribute to these differences.Grant Funding Source: Supported by KU Graduate Student Grant
A family‐centered lifestyle intervention focused on milk and alternatives reduces adiposity in 6‐ to 8‐ year‐old overweight and obese children compared to control: results at 6 months from a RCT (808.24)
Authors: Cohen Tamara , Hazell Tom , Loiselle Sarah‐Eve , Kasvis Popi , Vanstone Catherine , Kim Nicolas , Plourde Hugues , Rodd Celia , Weiler Hope 
Published: June 2021

The association between adiposity and milk and alternative (milk and alt.) intakes in prepubescent children is unclear. This study assessed the impact of a family‐based lifestyle intervention on adiposity in overweight (n= 14) and obese (n=64) children (age 7.5 ± 0.78 y). Children were randomized to control (CTRL) [no intervention], standard (SInt) [2 milk and alt./d] or intensive (IInt) [4 milk and alt./d] interventions focused on meeting the Canadian food and activity guides. Measurements were height (Ht; m) and weight (Wt; kg) to compute body mass index for‐age‐ z‐scores (BAZ) using WHOAntroPlus Software (WHO 2007), waist circumference (WC; cm) and percentage body fat (%BF) assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Using mixed model ANOVAs, no differences were seen at baseline among groups for BAZ or %BF. At 6‐months, Ht increased compared to baseline (p=0.898) and was not different among groups. Compared to baseline, %BF (‐2.4±0.92%; p=0.0015) and BAZ (‐0.5±0.08; p<0.001) was reduced only in IInt whereas WC increased only in CTRL (+2.5±1.61 cm; p=0.007). These preliminary results demonstrate the short‐term benefits of participating in a lifestyle intervention focused on increased milk and alt and activity guidelines in the context of the family environment. Study funded by the Dairy Farmers of Canada Research Cluster Initiative (Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Dairy Farmers of Canada and the Canadian Dairy Commission).Grant Funding Source: Dairy Farmers of Canada Research Cluster Initiative
Consumption of sugar‐sweetened and non‐sugar‐sweetened beverages of urban Mexican children (810.26)
Authors: Rodriguez‐Ramirez Sonia , Gaona‐Pineda Elsa , Cuevas‐Nasu Lucia , Shamah‐Levy Teresa 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To estimate the consumption of sugar‐sweetened and non‐sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs and Non‐SSBs) of pre‐school and school‐age children in urban Mexico.Methods: This analysis included pre‐school (n=211) and school‐age children (n=115), from the study “Food consumption in Mexican population”, which is a cross‐sectional, multi‐stage, stratified study, representative of the urban area in Mexico. Dietary data were collected using three multiple‐pass 24‐h recalls, in non‐consecutive days. The beverage consumption was categorized in: 1) SSBs with non‐benefit (regular soft drinks, sweetened coffee and tea, sweetened beverages), 2) SSBs with some benefit (milk‐based beverage), 3) Non‐SSBs (diet soft drinks, unsweetened coffee and tea, and unsweetened milk), and 4) Plain water. The average of the three days of volume (ml) and energy (kcal) was obtained. Results are weighted by design.Results: The consumption in pre‐school‐age children was: 83 ±14.2 ml/d of regular soft drinks; 27±10.2 ml/d of sweetened coffee and tea; 216±21 ml/d of other sweetened beverages; 120±17 ml/d of sweetened milk; 19±5 ml/d diet soft drinks; 194±16 ml/d of unsweetened milk; and 335±35.4 ml/d of plaint water. In school‐age children the consumption was: 153±16.4 ml/d of regular soft drinks; 26±7.6 ml/d of sweetened coffee and tea; 215±24 ml/d of other sweetened beverages; 119±18 ml/d of sweetened milk; 22±6.6 ml/d diet soft drinks; 80±12 ml/d of unsweetened milk; and 460±43.3 ml/d of plaint water. The energy from SSB in both groups is approximately 15% of the total energy.Conclusion: SSBs consumption is high in the children diet. It is important to identify the principal types of this beverage to establish intervention to improve the diet.Grant Funding Source: Nestlé Mexico
Moderate alcohol consumption and hemoglobin A1C in women with previous gestational diabetes (811.6)
Authors: Ferranti Erin , Dunbar Sandra , McCullough Marjorie , Ziegler Thomas , Narayan K. M. Venkat , Reilly Carolyn , Foster Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Objective: We examined alcohol consumption in relation to hemoglobin A1C levels in women within five years of a pregnancy affected by gestational diabetes (GDM).Methods: This study was a cross‐sectional design. Habitual alcohol consumption was assessed with the Block 2005 food frequency questionnaire. Elevated hemoglobin A1C levels were defined as 蠅 5.7% and measured with the Bayer A1C Now+ meter. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and weight. Data analysis included descriptive, bivariate statistics, and multiple linear regression.Results: Participants (n = 74, 54% non‐white); mean age 35.6 (SD = 5.5) years and were 2.5 (SD = 1.6) years since their GDM delivery. Nearly half (47.3%) had an elevated A1C. Mean alcohol intake was 0.44 (SD = .64) servings/day. Greater consumption was associated with lower A1C (rho = ‐.45, p = <.0001). Alcohol intake was higher in those without diabetes risk (M = .59, SD = .66 servings per day) compared to those with diabetes risk (M = .27, SD = .58 servings/day; t = 2.2, p = .03). In multiple regression analysis, adjusted for age/race and BMI, alcohol intake was not associated with A1C (β = ‐.14, p = .21), but BMI was (β = .48, p = <.0001).Conclusions: Women within five years of a GDM pregnancy are at high risk for T2DM development. Although the unadjusted analysis revealed that alcohol had a protective effect on A1C, BMI was the only significant independent predictor of glycemia in this small sample. Clinical efforts focused on weight management should be a high priority to reduce T2DM risk.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the American Heart Association, National Institute for Nursing Research, NIH,
Higher sodium and saturated fat intake is associated with lower muscle protein synthesis in elders (820.16)
Authors: Markofski Melissa , Timmerman Kyle , Dickinson Jared , Jennings Kristofer , Reidy Paul , Borack Michael , Rasmussen Blake , Volpi Elena 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and habitual diet in older adults is not known.OBJECTIVE: We examined which nutrients were the best predictors of basal MPS.METHODS: We analyzed pre‐treatment data are from a larger, ongoing clinical trial of interventions for sarcopenia. Older males and females (n=42; 71.5±1.8y) recorded habitual food intake for three days preceding an afternoon admission to the CRC. Subjects were fed a standardized dinner and 10PM snack, after which were only allowed water ad libitum. The next morning, MPS was measured by infusing 13C6Phenylalanine and collecting two muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis, two hours apart. A stepwise linear regression was fitted with measures of dietary composition, aerobic fitness, and muscle strength and function.RESULTS: The best model (R2=0.654, P=0.000197) predicting MPS included lean body mass and palmitoleic acid as positive predictors, and VO2peak, sodium, eicosapentaenoic acid, and stearic acid as inverse predictors. Protein intake was not a model component. Muscle strength and function were not a component of the model.CONCLUSION: Sodium, saturated fat and aerobic fitness may negatively impact basal MPS in older adults. The lack of an effect of protein intake and the negative effect of VO2 peak will require further investigations.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH/NIA R01 AG030070 and NIH/NIA R01 AG030070S1
Carbohydrate energy‐replacement attenuates protein turnover and promotes nitrogen retention during acute periods of increased metabolic demand (820.8)
Authors: McClung Holly , Lin Greg , Smith Tracey , Bukhari Asma , Lieberman Harris , Pasiakos Stefan 
Published: June 2021

Acute periods of increased metabolic demand and subsequent energy deficit increase protein loss. To examine whether consuming an energy‐replacement based primarily on carbohydrate (85%) with negligible protein (2%) attenuates protein loss during highly metabolic energy flux, whole‐body protein turnover (15N‐glycine) was measured in 23 adults at baseline and after 2‐days of increased metabolic energy expenditure ([mean ± SD] 1800 ± 350 kcal·d‐1) once in energy balance (BAL) and on a separate occasion during energy deficit (DEF, 90%). Turnover was the same at baseline for both trials. After DEF, protein flux, synthesis, and breakdown rates were higher and net balance was lower than after BAL (time‐by‐energy, P < 0.05). Within trials, protein flux decreased for BAL but remained constant for DEF (time‐by‐energy, P < 0.05). Synthesis and breakdown decreased over time during BAL, whereas synthesis remained steady and breakdown increased 36% during DEF (time‐by‐energy, P < 0.05). Thus, net protein balance was maintained during BAL but was negative at the end of DEF (‐0.7 ± 0.4 g·kg‐1·d‐1; time‐by‐energy, P < 0.05). These data confirm the detrimental effects of energy deficit on protein balance and indicate that, by attenuating protein turnover, a carbohydrate‐based energy replacement can promote nitrogen retention during acute periods of increased metabolic demand.Grant Funding Source: USAMRMC and DMRDP
Docosahexaenoic acid synthesis rates exceed brain uptake rates in the rat (821.13)
Authors: Bazinet Richard , Domenichiello Anthony , Chen Chuck , Trepanier Marc , Stavro Mark 
Published: June 2021

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important for brain function, however, the exact amount needed for the brain is not agreed upon. While it is believed that the synthesis rate of DHA from α‐linolenic acid (ALA) is low, how this synthesis rate compares with the amount of DHA required to maintain brain DHA levels is unknown. The objective of this work was to assess whether DHA synthesis from ALA is sufficient for the brain. To test this, rats consumed a diet low in n‐3 PUFA, or a diet containing ALA or DHA for 15 weeks. Over the 15 weeks, whole body and brain DHA accretion were measured, while at the end of the study, whole body DHA synthesis rates, brain gene expression and DHA uptake rates were measured. Despite large differences in body DHA accretion there was no difference in brain DHA accretion between rats fed ALA and DHA. In rats fed ALA, DHA synthesis and accretion was 100 fold higher than brain DHA accretion of rats fed DHA. Also, ALA fed rats synthesized approximately 3 fold more DHA than the DHA uptake rate into the brain. This work indicates that DHA synthesis from ALA may be sufficient to supply the brain.Grant Funding Source: Bunge Ltd
Does production of methane in the gut affect glucose tolerance? (822.10)
Authors: Rust Bret , Horn William , Cooper Danielle , Welch Lucas , Martin Roy , Pelkman Christine , Kim Eun Bae , Marco Maria , Keim Nancy 
Published: June 2021

Intake of dietary fiber, which influences the composition of the gut microbiota, falls well below recommended levels in Americans. Gut microbiota show tremendous heterogeneity across populations and some profiles may have the ability to influence glucose tolerance. Methanogenic bacteria can be abundant in high fermenting individuals which may affect glucose homeostasis. To investigate this possibility, 22 individuals were provided all food for 2 wk at a dietary fiber level of 4.9 ±0.4 g/1000 Kcal/d. On day 5, 6 or 7 of the 2nd week, a test day protocol was conducted with low fiber breakfast and lunch meals. Breath hydrogen and methane were measured hourly for 9 h. Twelve blood draws were taken over the nine hours to assess postprandial plasma glucose and insulin to both meals. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was also determined by sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons from fecal samples. Individuals with high levels of methanogenic bacteria (MP) were compared to those with low levels of methanogenic bacteria (NM). Glucose AUC was significantly lower in MP than in NM in the 4‐h post‐breakfast period but insulin was not. These data suggest that increased methane production under conditions of a low fiber diet may improve glucose tolerance due to higher fermentation of available energy and not through increased secretion of insulin.Grant Funding Source: Funded by Ingredion, Inc. and USDA intramural funds.