bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method for Assessing the Environmental and Social Risks of Unauthorized Landfill Sites
Authors: Kirilchuk I O , Iordanova A V , Balaban D V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The problem of production and consumer waste generation is one of the main environmental issues of industrial society. However, the main method of waste disposal in Russia is still its landfilling at waste disposal facilities (landfill deposits, authorized and unauthorized dumps). A separate group of waste disposal facilities consists of illegal unauthorized landfill sites with solid municipal waste. The specificity of these waste disposal facilities is the complexity of monitoring of their formation and the difficulty of assessing their impact on the environment and public health. At present, there is no standard approved methodology for assessing the environmental and social risks of illegal unauthorized landfill sites. For that purpose, the authors have developed a method for assessing the hazards of unauthorized landfill sites, based on comparing the actual characteristics of landfills obtained during field surveys of urban areas with certain tabular values. Initial keeping track of landfill sites is fulfilled with the application of a web portal that implements geoinformational technologies. The use of the web portal for rapid detection of illegal unauthorized landfill sites, as well as the author’s method and soft-ware that implements this method allows for rapid assessment of the environmental and social hazard of landfills based on data from field surveys of urban areas without laboratory measurements. The results obtained are intended for the classification of illegal landfill sites in order to develop plans for their elimination, taking into account the priorities of environmental policy.
Mathematical methods for solving problems of electrodynamics in a layered environment
Authors: Kogay G D , Tyo A L , Drozd V G , Ten T L , Omarova S E , Ivanov V L , Ayazhanov K S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article considers methods for solving applied problems of electrodynamics in the case of layered and vertically inhomogeneous environments. This article suggests the algorithms of primary processing of GPR data. GPR data at a fixed observation point are investigated via the “selecting” method. The analysis of the frequency response of the signal energy distribution by frequency components is being processed. We proposed software implementation for determining the depth of objects and the relative dielectric permittivity of the subsurface environment. To perform this task, we use a module to determine the depth and conductivity of subsurface objects. The computational part was performed by the computationally common method of the approximate solution. As a result of the research, we have developed numerical methods for solving direct electrodynamics problems.
Emission of soot particles from the combustion of various fuels in boilers
Authors: Lyubov V K , Popov A N , Popova E I 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccording to modern estimates, the largest contribution to global warming is made by carbon dioxide, while its share is 60-70%. However, studies of the last decade also indicate a large impact on the planet’s climate of “short-lived climate pollutants”, which mean forcing substances with “lifetimes” in the atmosphere from several days to several years. These pollutants include black carbon. In the Russian Federation, black carbon refers to the substance “carbon (soot)”, which is a dispersed carbon product of incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, consisting of particles of various shapes and having a black color. Soot is a strong carcinogen. It is the 2ndclass harmful substance and carried by winds for thousands of kilometres. It has been found that black carbon retains several hundred times more heat than carbon dioxide does. Therefore, reducing black carbon emissions is one of the most important challenges in the fight against climate change. Therefore, the task arises of a comprehensive study of all aspects related to black carbon emissions. Based on this, experimental studies of the emissions of soot particles formed in the combustion chambers of boilers of various capacities and designs were carried out during the combustion of various solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. The structure, size and quantitative composition of soot particles, as well as their constituent elements, were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The research results made it possible to propose a more extended approach for choosing the values of specific soot emissions from the combustion of various fuels in heat generators, which should be used in the inventory of emissions of this pollutant.
The influence of agroecological factors on diseases development and wheat productivity
Authors: Kolesnikov L E , Kremenevskaya M I , Melnikov S P , Tambulatova E V , Hassan B A , Kolesnikova Yu R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the research, long-term data characterizing the wheat productivity and degree of its affection by diseases were compared with the natural and climatic factors of the NorthWestern region of the Russian Federation. The comparative analysis of the protein growth stimulant (PGS) and organomineral fertilizers’ influence on productivity, yield structure, and disease resistance of the VIR soft wheat was carried out. The greatest influence on the potential (estimated) wheat yield growth was exerted by the preparations “Zerebra agro” and “Edagum”. Foliar spraying with the protein growth stimulant resulted in an increase in wheat yield by 31.5% compared to the control. After applying the protein stimulant, a decrease in the degree of wheat powdery mildew development by 15.7% was revealed compared with the control. Organo-mineral fertilizers had insignificant effects on the disease development. The “Zerebra agro” preparation had high biological effectiveness against wheat leaf diseases (brown rust, powdery mildew).
Experimental studies of the thermal state of heat storage units of electro thermal storage
Authors: Khimenko A V , Tikhomirov D A , Kuzmichev A V , Trunov S S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Experimental data on the behavior of the following thermal parameters of heat storage units made of magnesite and chamotte of electro-thermal storages (ETS) has been obtained: wall temperature change of air channels of heat storage units, temperature change of heated air in channels of heat storage, temperature change in the bulk of thermal insulation, for one cycle of heat charging and heat emission of ETS. After analyzing the obtained temperature distribution in the wall of channels of the heat storage units, it can be concluded that the heating rate of the heat storage units made of chamotte is higher during almost the entire charging mode of ETS compared to the units made of magnesite. In the heat emission mode, the cooling rate is significantly higher for chamotte units compared to a lower cooling rate for magnesite heat storage units.
Study of the antioxidant properties of some aromatic plant extracts
Authors: Suchkova E P , Hussaineh R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study the effect of extraction conditions (time - temperature-type of aromatic plants-extraction method) on the antioxidant activity, pH extracts was investigated. The extraction process was carried out using water as a solvent, and also through using the ultrasonic treatment. Aromatic plants that have been used are rosemary, a mixture of herbs (black cumin+ oregano). The extracts were prepared by the solvent extraction method, and the ultrasonic treatment was under the following conditions: time - (10-20-30 min), temperature - (40-60-80°C ), then pH extracts were estimated using pH meter, and the antioxidant activity of all extracts was determined by scavenging of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals. The results have showed that the values of pH extracts increase in the use of ultrasonic treatment. Also it was revealed that the highest value of antioxidant activity (95.43 %) was when extracts were obtained from rosemary using ultrasonic treatment according to the following parameters: (60 °C, 30 min). Therefore, these conditions could be applied for further extraction for their use in the preparation of medicinal products or functional food.
Life cycle assessment of the functional nutrition in the context of the circular economy
Authors: Savoskula V A , Pavlova A S , Plotnikova P A , Daniluk M A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In accordance with the principles of sustainable development, all production wastes should be considered as sources of raw materials for other production. Whey in Russia was previously discarded with wastewater, but after studying its properties, it turned out that it has great potential for the production of protein-enriched products. And in order to further reduce the environmental impact, a milk protein life cycle assessment has been carried out. The article presents the results of the study of this assessment. The analysis was carried out for such indicators of the category as global warming potential, total emissions of substances that contribute to ozone formation, total emissions of acidifying compounds, potential for eutrophication, consumption of abiotic resources, consumption of biotic resources, water consumption, air consumption. The categories of impacts that make the greatest contribution to environmental pollution and resource consumption are identified, namely, total emissions of substances that contribute to ozone formation by categories of output flows and water consumption by categories of input flows. Recommendations was given to reduce the impact.
Optimization of the proteolysis process of connective tissue proteins in ostrich meat
Authors: Rogozina E A , Kolodyaznaya V S , Shestopalova I A , Kiprushkina E I , Rumiantceva O N , Broyko Y B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A promising area of research for the development of functional food products of mass consumption is the use of non-traditional sources of raw meat of domestic production, including ostrich meat, which has a high nutritional and biological value. However, ostrich meat is characterized by an increased content of connective tissue, which causes its rigidity. The use of proteolytic enzymes will increase the functional and technological properties of meat and the assimilation of hard-to-digest proteins, in particular collagen. The aim of the study is to optimize the technological parameters of biomodification of the properties of ostrich meat raw materials using collagenase The object of the study is the meat of the femoral part of an ostrich grown on the territory of the Leningrad region. To optimize the technological parameters of minced meat fermentation, the fractional replica method was used to study the effect of three factors on the response functions: the mass fraction of collagenase (C, encoded variable X1), the duration (τ, encoded variable X2), and the temperature of minced meat aging (t, encoded variable X3). The response functions are the values of the moisture-holding capacity (Y1) and the content of amine nitrogen (Y2). The regression equations describing the dependence of the response functions on the factors under study have been compiled. The technological parameters of the fermentation of minced meat based on ostrich meat with the use of collagenase have been optimized: the mass fraction of the enzyme is 0.05%, the holding time of the minced meat is 4.5 hours at t=13ºC, allowing one to obtain minced meat with high organoleptic characteristics and functional and technological properties.
The use of solid household waste as fuel in the housing and utilities sector
Authors: Golobokov S V , Lesin I A , Tichomirova A A , Chukareva M M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The development of civilization is accompanied by a steady increase in the amount of waste and industrial production. Improvement of technology and production technology increases the variety of chemical compounds and their danger to the environment. The problem of processing and disposal of solid household waste (SHW) is becoming more and more urgent not only for megacities, but also for small settlements. The vast majority of solid waste in our country is stored in natural or specially organized landfills. Landfills of solid waste without preliminary processing occupy huge territories, thus removing fertile lands from economic circulation for many decades. Landfills are characterized by a high concentration of carbonaceous materials. For various reasons, fires often occur, as a result of which the products of incomplete combustion pollute the environment. Solid waste landfills are a source of pollution of surface and ground waters due to the drainage of landfills with atmospheric precipitation. In addition, landfills are home to stray animals, rats, mice, birds, insects and parasites. All of them are the cause of the spread of viruses. Because of this, there is a danger of the spread of infectious diseases [1]. In order to reduce the volume of solid waste, harmful emissions into the atmosphere, the number of rodents and birds, and put an effective barrier to the spread of various infections, it is necessary to improve the production and put the project of a mini-plant for processing solid household waste into operation. Thus, the work considers a technological scheme and a set of equipment for processing solid household waste into gas fuel. Calculations of technical and economic indicators are given.
Analysis of the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems based on the outdoor climate statistical model
Authors: Salman A S , Sulin A B , Lysev V I , Nikitina V A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The analysis of outdoor climate normative information, given in the form of calculated parameters of outdoor air for warm and cold periods of the year, is given. The requirements to the form of presentation of climatic information and to its content are formulated. The information is presented in the form of tables of recurrence of outdoor parameters in two-dimensional intervals for different cities of the Russian Federation and the capital of Iraq, Baghdad. It is shown that the information in the form of these tables can be used for the tasks indicated in the article at the stage of conceptual design of air conditioning system. The results of approbation of the considered form of climate information implemented at practical tasks are demonstrated. Among these results, we should pay special attention to dependence of installation capacities of subsystems on the time of non-availability of the rated parameters of the air environment in a room. Moreover, it is shown by the example that information about heat, cold, air, and water consumption by heat and humidity treatment in air conditioning systems can be determined for various calculated periods of time. The results were obtained using an applied computer program that executes the recommended form of presentation of climate information for the design of air conditioning systems.
Assessment of heavy metals pollution level in sludge pit
Authors: Avdeeva I I , Romantsov I I , Romanenko S V , Nekhorosheva A V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The spatial analysis data of the concentration fields of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) is presented. The depth-areal heterogeneities of the metals distribution in the sludge pit of the well cluster within the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra are revealed. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were observed in the places where drilling waste was discharged into a sludge pit through a sludge pipeline. The concentrations gradually decreased with distance from the discharge points.
Reduction in heat losses during room heating
Authors: Turkenicheva O A , Turkenicheva L A , Evstratov V A , Makovetskaya A V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Today heating devices in most cases are located in window niche in order to save space in a room and improve its interior. However, this leads to unnecessary heat loss. The paper provides a comparative analysis of the dependence of heat losses on the location of heating devices in a room. A comparative analysis of various energy-saving measures for the value of heat losses during heating of buildings is carried out. The influence of heat-reflecting screens and false fronts on heating efficiency is considered. The dependence of heat losses on the temperature difference inside and outside a room is shown.
Kinematics of the transmission gear mechanism for roller machines with different diameters of drive shaft
Authors: Abdukarimov A , Abdullajonov A , Abdukarimov A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article describes the arrangement, principle of operation and kinematic analysis of a ten-link gear-lever differential transmission mechanism with a parallelogram lever contour for roller machines with different diameters of the working shafts. The purpose of the kinematic analysis of the transmission mechanism is to determine the velocities and accelerations of the mechanism links, the gear ratio of the mechanism, and to show the constancy of the gear ratio of the transmission mechanism when the center distance of the driving and driven tooth gears changes. An important condition for the normal operation of roller machines with different diameters of the working shafts is the coincidence of the gear ratio of the working shafts and the gear ratio of the transmission mechanism between these shafts. Initially, the kinematics of the mechanism was performed using the analytical method. In the analytical study of the mechanism, the centroid method was used. Dependencies for determining the kinematic parameters of the ten-link gear-lever transmission mechanism are derived. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are shown. Further, to compare the results of the study, the kinematics of the mechanism is performed by the graphic-analytical method. The method developed by the authors was used in the graphic-analytical study.
Monitoring console using Virtual Reality for automotive industry
Authors: Belu N , Ionescu L M , Nitu E L , Mazare A G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
One of the technologies used in Industry 4.0 is virtual reality and augmented reality in the industrial applications. These technologies allow: the introduction of the operator in the production process with minimal risk, in the training process (learn manufacturing), the realization of maintenance works with a much more detailed vision of the equipment and the process, the realization of consoles to monitor the manufacturing process and equipment with extended facilities compared to any type of console that has been used before. In this paper we will present an example of a monitoring console using virtual reality. As we will show, the virtual environment accessible through the virtual reality headset can be used as a console with an extended viewing angle in which indicators on the status of the monitored process can be displayed. The indicated values come from IoT equipment with current sensors and temperature sensors. Also, by navigating, using teleport tool, in the virtual environment you can get an overview from several angles of the monitored equipment (in our case a chassis welding workstation) with minimal risk. The environment contains both a modeled image (a 3D sketch of the equipment) and real images of the equipment captured through industrial cameras placed next to the real equipment. In the virtual environment the two “live” video streams are displayed as 2D screens. With this modern monitoring tool, the work standards will be developed that the operator can use in training and in the work process. The system presented in the paper is implemented with an Ocululs Rift kit with headset and touch consoles for capturing the movements of operators and their contacts with virtual objects. The virtual environment is fully implemented using Unity. The system will model workstation for chassis welding. Two IoT devices will be used: one with temperature sensor and the other with current sensor. Two industrial video cameras whit high resolution will also be used to capture images from the workstation. As a result, along with the presentation of the functional system will be presented a model of operational standard made by captures from Unity when exploring the virtual environment.
The possibility of physical implementation of active vibration reduction
Authors: Białas K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work presents non-classical method of design of mechanic systems with subsystem reducing vibrations. The purpose of this paper is also introduces synthesis of mechanic system with reducing vibrations understand as design of this type of systems. This work presents method of reduction unwanted vibration by using mechanical elements, electrical elements, magnetorheological damper ect. The use of such a method enables the analysis and synthesis of mechanical systems irrespective of the type and number of the elements of such a system. The purpose of this paper is also introduces synthesis of mechanical system which is the reverse task of dynamics. The result of synthesis is obtaining system meeting the defined requirements. The system was consisted from mechanical elements and sub-system realized by many types of elements. This subsystem is an active or semiactive subsystem which enables overcoming limitations which occur if passive elements are used. The majority of vibration occurring in devices and machines is harmful and has a disadvantageous effect on their condition. Harmful impact of vibration is caused by the occurrence of increased stresses and the loss of energy, which results in faster wear machinery. Introduced in this work approach adopted makes it possible to undertake actions aiming at the elimination of phenomena resulting in the unwanted operation of machinery or generation of hazardous situations in the machinery environment. Thank to the approach, can be conducted as early as during the designing of future functions of the system as well as during the construction of the system.