bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hubungan sikap tubuh saat bekerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal akibat kerja pada karyawan
Authors: Salsabila Queena Raihan , Wartono Magdalena 
Published: January 2021

LATAR BELAKANG Gangguan muskuloskeletal akibat kerja adalah gangguan pada struktur muskuloskeletal pada leher, punggung, ekstremitas atas dan bawah yang disebabkan oleh mikro-trauma kumulatif akibat biomekanikal atau pajanan lain dari pekerjaan. Gangguan ini jarang mengancam jiwa, tetapi dapat meningkatkan absenteisme, menurunkan produktivitas kerja, menurunkan kualitas hidup, dan meningkatkan beban finansial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan risiko sikap tubuh saat bekerja dengan timbulnya keluhan muskuloskeletal. Selain itu penelitian juga melihat faktor lain seperti masa kerja dan karakteristik jenis kelamin serta hubungannya dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal.
METODEPenelitian menggunakan studi observasional analitik cross-sectional dengan jumlah responden 60 pekerja kantor. Risiko sikap kerja dinilai dengan menggunakan Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) dan keluhan muskuloskeletal dinilai dengan menggunakan Nordic Body Map (NBM). Selain itu juga dikumpulkan data tentang jenis kelamin dan masa kerja. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Fisher.
HASILHampir sebagian besar pekerja (91.7%) mengalami keluhan muskuloskeletal dan sebagian besar di antaranya adalah pekerja laki-laki (96.9%). Keluhan muskuloskeletal yang tinggi didapatkan pada pekerja yang sudah bekerja lebih dari 4 tahun (96.7%) dan juga pada pekerja dengan sikap kerja berisiko tinggi (90%) namun berdasarkan hasil uji statistik tidak didapatkan hubungan antara jenis kelamin, masa kerja dan tingkat risiko sikap tubuh dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal (p> 0.005).
KESIMPULANPrevalensi keluhan muskuloskeletal pada pekerja kantor sangat tinggi demikian juga dengan tingkat risiko sikap tubuh saat bekerja. Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan hubungan antara risiko sikap tubuh, jenis kelamin dan masa kerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal. Dengan demikian perlu diteliti faktor-faktor lain yang mungkin menyebabkan keluhan ini. Walaupun tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna, angka prevalensi yang tinggi ini perlu menjadi perhatian bagi perusahaan.
Attitudes towards disabled persons scale in Nepali: development and validation
Authors: Shrestha Susmita , Amatya Yogendra , Ghimire Anup 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Continuous advocacy regarding the attitudes of individuals towards individuals with disabilities in the United States, public awareness is still mostly negative. For Persons with disabilities, research has highlighted the fact that these negative attitudes do interfere with their work environment, affecting their self-esteem and health care. Attitude of general population towards person with disability has not been studied. There is hardly any literature regarding the attitude of common people towards person with disability in Nepal. The objective was to translate and validate attitudes towards disabled persons (ATDP) scale into Nepali language. In addition, it was also attempted to compare the attitudes towards persons with disability across gender.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A survey method using questionnaire was conducted and administered on people of Nepal. Attitudes toward disabled persons scale were first translated into Nepali language as per the guidelines by WHO. The translated scale was administered on 114 native Nepali speakers for validation. Internal consistency and gender differences in ATDP scores were calculated. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The results of the study showed that the questionnaire had good internal consistency. There was no significant difference in scores across gender. ATDP scores obtained from Nepali population were lower than the scores from other developed countries.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study indicates that the translated and validated version of ATDP scale in Nepali language can be used as a standard tool in assessing attitudes towards person with disability in Nepal.</p>
Biofortification of Zn and Fe in Chickpea through Agronomic Intervention in Medium Black Soils of Karnataka
Authors: Rathod Pandit S. , Patil D.H. , Bellad S.B. , Haveri Rachappa V. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Bio-fortification, the process of integrating nutrients into food crops, provides a sustainable and economic way of increasing the density of micronutrients in important staple crops. Agronomic bio-fortification is the easiest, practicable and fastest way for bio-fortification of pulse grains with Fe, Zn, or other desirable micronutrients. Increasing micronutrient rich foods and improving dietary diversity will substantially reduce micronutrient disorders. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during the post rainy seasons of 2015, 2016 and 2017 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Kalaburagi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur (Karnataka) to know the effect of soil and foliar fertilization of Zn and Fe on chickpea genotypes. Two genotypes (Annigeri 1 and JG 11) and six fertilization treatments (Control, 0.5% Zn, 0.1% Fe, Zn + Fe, seed treatment with 2 g Zn kg-1 seeds and soil application of Zn) were tested in medium black soils in split plot design with three replications. Result: The pooled data of three seasons indicated that the genotype JG 11, performed better than Annigeri 1 in terms of seed yield (1309 kgha-1), net returns (₹ 31634ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.52). On biofortification of Zn and Fe, foliar fertilization of Zn @ 0.5% + Fe @ 0.1% at flowering stage recorded significantly higher grain yield (1321 kgha-1), net returns (₹ 31179ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.44) over rest of the treatments. Further, foliar fertilization of Zn + Fe had significant influence on nutrient concentration (Zn and Fe) in chickpea grains. Thus, it could be concluded that combined biofortification of Zn + Fe to chickpea crop could be the viable agronomic intervention for getting higher productivity and nutritional security.
Evaluation of Organic Weed Management Practices on Growth, Yield and Weed Control Efficiency in Soybean-chickpea Sequence under Irrigated Condition
Authors: Chavan A.A. , Narkhede W.N. , Garud H.S. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Weeds are widely reported as a key constraint in organic agriculture. Soybean-chickpea is important cropping sequence adopted in Maharashtra State under irrigated condition. Weed management is a serious problem in both the crop and it mostly controlled through chemical weed control. Today, widespread use of herbicides has resulted in purporated environmental and health problem as well as residual problems to succeeding crops. Now a days residue free food requirement is high. In organic farming cultural and mechanical methods are necessary to break the weed cycle. So, keeping this point in view present investigation was carried out to evaluate organic weed management practices on growth, yield and weed control in soybean-chickpea sequence under irrigated condition. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during Kharif and rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19. The present investigation consisted of ten weed management practices viz. two hand weeding at 20-25 and 45-50 DAS, one hoeing 20-25 DAS + one hand weeding at 45-50 DAS, soybean + sunhemp incorporation after 35-40 DAS in kharif season and chickpea + safflower (2:1) in rabi season, stale seed bed + reduced spacing + 2 tonne of wheat straw + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, soil mulch at the time of sowing + one hand pulling at 25 DAS, incorporation of neem cake 1.5 tonne/ ha 15 days before sowing + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, soil solarization with 25 μ polythene mulch during summer + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, mulching with straw, weed free and weedy check. Result: The higher values of growth attributes was recorded by weed free treatment which was on par with two hand weeding at 20-25 and 45-50 DAS and soil solarization with 25 μ polythene mulch during summer + one hand weeding at 25 DAS and significantly superior over rest of the treatments during both the year study. Application of stale seed bed with reduced spacing and 2 tonne of wheat straw along with one hand weeding 25 DAS recorded higher soybean equivalent yield followed by soybean + sunhemp incorporation (35-45DAS) in kharif and chickpea + safflower (2:1) in rabi season during both the year. The lower weed density, dry weight and highest weed control efficiency at 40 days after sowing for both monocot and dicot weeds was recorded by weed free treatment followed by soil solarization with 25 μ polythene mulch during summer + one hand weeding at 25 DAS in soybean and chickpea during both the year.
Wounds at risk of tetanus: an unexpected level of underimmunization in an Italian patient cohort
Authors: Piccini Gaia Bavestrello , Cavenaile Jean-Christophe , Bressan Maria Antonietta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Tetanus is an acute and potentially fatal disease caused by Clostridium tetani, an extremely resilient pathogen. Approximately 5% of all visits to the Emergency Department are due to traumatic wounds and Clostridium tetani can infect these. According to several surveillance programs, the incidence of clinical tetanus in Italy is tenfold higher than in other industrialised countries. In 2010, Italy accounted for 57 (77%) of the 74 confirmed cases reported within the European Union. We decided to conduct a study to assess the proportion of patients immunised against tetanus in the Emergency Department (ED).Methods: Data from patients who presented to the Emergency Department of the Fondazione IRRCS Policlinico San Matteo between April 2016 and November 2017 with wounds potentially at risk of infection with Clostridium tetani were analysed. Tetanus Quick Stick (TQS) was used to identify patients immunized again tetanus. Results: Of the total of 1094 patients included, 506 had all the necessary data for analysis. Of these, 432 patients (85%) had no protection against tetanus. When stratified for age, underimmunization was 92% in patients above 60 years, 81% in patients between 46 and 60 years, 80% in patients between 19 and 45 years and 73% in children up to 18 years. In patients above 60 years of age, men are less underimmunized than women (80 vs 96%, p = 0.0095).Conclusions: This study highlights a very low level of immunization against tetanus. This occurs at all age. It could explain the higher incidence of tetanus in Italy in comparison to other European countries.The analysed data suggests the need of conducting awareness campaigns to increase the percent of patients vaccinated against Clostridium tetani.
The Potential and Effects of Saline-alkali Alfalfa Microbiota Under Salt Stress on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial
Authors: Sa Duowen , Lu Qiang , Ge Gentu , Sun Lin , Jia Yushan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical compositions and microbial communities of salt-tolerant alfalfa silage. Salt-tolerant alfalfa was ensiled with no additive control, and cellulase for 30 and 60 to 90 days. In this study, the dry matter (DM) content of the raw material was 29.9% DM, and the crude protein (CP) content of the alfalfa was 21.9% CP. Results: After 30 days of fermentation, the DM content with the cellulase treatment was reduced by 3.6%, and the CP content was reduced by 12.7%. After 60 days of fermentation, compared with alfalfa raw material, the DM content in the control group (CK) was reduced by 1%, the CP content was reduced by 9.5%, and the WSC (water-soluble carbohydrates) content was reduced by 22.6%. With the cellulase, the lactic acid content of the 30- and 60-day silages was 2.66% DM and 3.48% DM. The content of Firmicutes in salinized alfalfa raw material was less than 0.1% of the total bacterial content. Before and after ensiling, the microbes had similar composition at the phylum level, and were composed of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. The abundance of Pantoea was dominant in fresh alfalfa. In the absence of additives, after 30 days and 60 days of silage, the dominant lactic acid bacteria species became Lactococcus and Enterococcus. Conclusions: The results showed that LAB (Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus) played a major role in the fermentation of saline alfalfa silage. It also can better preserve the nutrients of saline alfalfa silage. The fermentation time would also change the microbial community of silage fermentation.
The Usefulness of PET/CT In Detecting and Managing Cancers With Unknown Primary Site Depends on Histological Subtype
Authors: Nissan Ella , Amit Uri , Baron Leo , Zabatani Amit , Urban Damian , Barshack Iris , Davidson Tima 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: We assessed the role of PET/CT in identifying and managing cancer of unknown primary site (CUP). Methods: We reviewed 64 patients' PET/CT scans with CUP performed during 2012–2019. Results: The median age was 65 years. Of 138-FDG-avid lesions, the mean SUVmax was10.6±6.0. Primary tumors (PT) were detected in 28(44%) patients. Detection was positive in only one(10%) patient with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histology, compared to 4/14(29%) with poorly differentiated carcinoma, 4/9(44%) with adenocarcinoma, 18/30(60%) of those for whom the origin could be presumed (p= 0.034 for SCC compared to other histologies). The mean age, mean SUVmax, and the distribution of organ involvement were similar between patients with and without discovered PTs, and also between patients with SCC and with the other histologies combined. However, those with SCC were less likely than the others to present with multi-lesion involvement, p<0.001. PET/CT interpretations apparently affected treatment of 8/28(29%) patients with PT detected and in none of the 35 whose PT was not discovered, p<0.001. Conclusion: PET/CT detected PT in almost half of CUP. However, it did not appear beneficial in those with SCC histology. PET/CT showed limited overall value in guiding clinical management but benefited a subgroup with discovered PT.
Compare the Initial Result of One Screw or Two Screws Fixation for Proximal Crescentic Metatarsal Osteotomy with Distal Soft Tissue Reconstruction in Severe Hallux Valgus Treatment
Authors: Mao Haijiao , Wang Linger , Li Jiahui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Proximal crescentic metatarsal osteotomy and distal soft tissue reconstruction have been introduced to correct severe hallux valgus (HV). The intrinsically unstable proximal first crescentic osteotomy depends on enough force fixation for stability. It is necessary to judge the number of fixation’s screw for osteotomy. Fifty two feet from 50 adult patients with severe HV were included in this study. The treatment was proximal crescentic metatarsal osteotomy with a single screw and distal soft tissue reconstruction in Group 1. The fixation with two screws with distal soft tissue reconstruction in Group 2. Clinical and radiological follow-ups were assessed after 4 and 12 months of operation. In Group 1, hallux valgus angle (HVA) was decreased from 46.4 ±3.28 to 19.9 ±4.70 after 12 months of operation. HVA was decreased from 45.1 ±3.45 to19.1 ±4.70 for group 2. For intermetatarsal angle (IMA) in Group 1, it was changed from 18.5 ±1.98 to 9.25 ±1.11 after 12 months of operation. For group 2, it was decreased from 18.3 ±1.81 to 9.53 ±1.70. Meanwhile, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was improved from 63.1 to 83.9 after 12 months of operation for group1, and was improved from 64.3 to 82.8 for group2. Furthermore, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was reduced from 4.5±1.01 to 1.7± 0.43 for group 1, and it was reduced from 4.7±0.92 to 1.7±0.55 for group 2 after 12 months of operation. The first metatarsal dorsal elevation was occurred in 4 feet in Group1, and no metatarsal dorsal elevation was occurred in Group 2. There were no significant differences identified among Group1 and Group 2 in terms of VAS and AOFAS scores, and HVA and IMA measurements. However, there is less complication in two-screw fixation for crescentic osteotomy compared to a single screw fixation.
Improvement of Hyperlipidemia by Aerobic Exercise in Mice through a Regulatory Effect of miR-21a-5p on its Target Genes
Authors: Zhao Jinfeng , Wang Yaxin , Chen Anping , Zeng Yu , Yan Feng , Chen Longchang , Wu Baoai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and aims Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and miR-21a-5p plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of hyperlipidemia, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of aerobic exercise improved hyperlipidemia through enhancement miR-21a-5p expression.Method Spectrophotometer detected blood lipid level; HE stained liver tissue to check the grade of liver steatosis; QPCR and Western blot detected mRNA expression and protein levels. Results There had a notable improvement in the weight gain, blood lipid level and liver steatosis in hyperlipidemia mice after 8 weeks aerobic exercise intervention. In addition, aerobic exercise significantly up-regulated the expression of miR-21a-5p, and provoked favorable changes in the expression of target genes. Knockdown of miR-21a-5p resulted in dysregulation of lipid metabolism and increased expression of target genes FABP7, HMGCR, ACAT1 and OLR1. While aerobic exercise could alleviate miR-21a-5p knock-down induced lipid metabolism disorder. Conclusion Aerobic exercise improved hyperlipidemia through miR-21a-5p-induced inhibition of target genes FABP7, HMGCR, ACAT1 and OLR1.
COVID-19 Flattening Curve,"A Recipe for Second Wave of Infections in Kenya''
Authors: Kiarie Joyce , Mwalili Samuel , Mbogo Rachel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background COVID-19 disease has persisted since it was declared a global pandemic by World health organization (WHO) in February 2020. Kenya had notified a total of 34,057 cases, reported 574 deaths by end of August 2020. The Country's positivity rate had also come down from 13 to 4 percent between June and August 2020. Despite the gains in controlling the first COVID-19 wave from the non-pharmaceutical interventions, most countries would not sustain the economy with prolonged lockdown and restriction of movements. In Kenya, for instance, it resulted in easing some measures on 27th September 2020 in an attempt to reverse the economic strain. By end of October, the effects of these measures were already reversing with a positivity rate of 14 and bed occupancy of 140 percent. The goal of this study was to model the progression of COVID-19 cases in Kenya post reversed curve of the first wave of infections. Results An SEIR compartmental model was developed to predict the daily cases of COVID-19 post the reversed curve. The model had 8 compartments containing sub-populatoions of: Susceptible, Exposed, Symptomatic Infectious, Asymptomatic Infectious,Hospitalized,Intesive Care Unit, Deaths and Recovered. The model equations were then solved to obtain the number of cases that would be infected on a daily basis beginning March 14th to January 2021. The model results demonstrated that with the abscence of herd immunity in the general human population, relaxation of the mitigation measures will eventually result to resurgence of COVID-19 cases. The wave of infections length of stay will be 4 months upto January 2021 and will be on the rise to the peak for an estimated 45 days. The cumulative number of cases trend depicts the same pattern as that of the daily cases. It is predicted that the trend will be on the rise till January 2021. Conclusion Increased vigilance on post reversed COVID-19 curve is indispensable. Continued interventions such as mass and targetted testing, contact tracing and social distancing measures are imperative to ensure that new infections are isolated real time. This will inform new and appropriate interventions amidst the ongoing pandemic
Chloride Ion Transport Blockade Enhances Cytocidal Effects of Sterile Water on Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Matsuoka Yuki , Taoka Rikiya , Tohi Yoichiro , Xia Zhang , Sugimoto Mikio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:Bladder cancer is a major health concern worldwide. The conventional intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy has certain shortcomings; thereby, demanding novel alternatives. Although sterile water is a probable agent for such novel intravesical therapies, bladder cancer cell lines differ in their sensitivity to hypotonic shock due to sterile water. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether Cl- channel blockers enhance the cytocidal effect of hypotonic shock on bladder cancer cells resistant to sterile water.Methods:Bladder cancer cell lines of varying grades (RT112, T24, and J82) were exposed to sterile water, and morphological changes were closely observed using microscopy. Sterile water-induced changes in cell membrane integrity and cell viability were analyzed to determine the effects of hypotonic shock. These effects were further analyzed using a Cl- channel blocker.Results:T24 and J82 cells started swelling immediately upon exposure to sterile water and ruptured within 10 min. RT112 cells demonstrated limited hypotonic swelling with few cell ruptures. After treatment with the Cl- channel blocker, RT112 cells ruptured faster as compared to that in cells treated with sterile water. The percentages of viable dimethylsulfoxide and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid -treated (50, 100, 200, and 300 µM) RT112 cells after 10 min of exposure to sterile water were 13.6 % ± 3.4 %, 6.3 % ± 1.2 %, 2.0 % ± 1.1 %, 0.7 % ± 0.7 %, and 0 %, respectively.Conclusions:Taken together, the Cl- channel blockers enhanced the cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock in bladder cancer cells. Intravesical therapy with sterile water after treatment with a Cl- channel blocker represents a potential new adjuvant therapy after TURBT with high efficacy.
The Trend of Leading Causes of Death Among Young People in Iran Within the Last Three Decades: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Heydari Mahdiyeh , Yarifard Khadijeh , Tajvar Maryam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Youth is undeniably the most important force and resource of any country, thus, identifying the leading causes of death among them to develop preventable interventions is essential. This study aimed to determine the trend of mortality rate and the leading cause of death, based on the ICD-10, among young people in Iran.Methods: The present study is a retrospective cohort and examines the trend of Iranian youth mortality, aged 15-24 years, between 1990 and 2017. The data source was the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) website. Linear Regression analysis was used to measure the slope of changes in mortality rates and causes of mortality during the period, where "time" was the independent variable and "mortality rate" and "causes of mortality" were dependent variables.Results: the death rate of young people declined by 54% during the period, equal to an average of 1.37 units per year. The most common cause of death has been injuries (70%), and then NCDs (25%) and finally communicable diseases (5%). However, death due to injuries (except SUD) and communicable diseases (except HIV) declined significantly by 0.94 and 0.09 units per year, respectively (P<0.001), while, death due to the NCDs had an increasing trend by 0.12 units per year over 28 years (P=0.006).Conclusion: Examining past trends in death rates and causes strengthens insights into the state and future trends in health and death-related indicators, which are crucial for policy-making, especially in developing countries with limited resources.