bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow felid and heat transfer enhancement investigations by using a combination of corrugated tubes with a twisted tape within 3D circular tube based on different dimple configurations
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Ramadhan , Alhamid Jassim , Hamad Faik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDifferent dimple geometrical configurations with a combination of corrugated tubes and twisted tape are numerically investigated. Water is used as a working fluid for constant heat flux heat transfer conditions at the pipe wall. The dimensionless diameter of the dimples (d/D) used in this study is 0.09, 0.18, 0.27, and 0.36. However, the corrugation configuration diameter is 1 mm. The numerical simulations are carried out at the Reynolds number in the range of 1500–14,000. The outcomes reveal that the friction factor (f) and Nu number are augmented as the dimple diameter increases. The Nu number ratio of 1.25 is found for a dimple pipe tube with a diameter of 4 mm. The numerical outcome presented more mixing, secondary, and vortex produced in the main flow direction and near the pipe wall to the rotating flow induced by twisted tape. Moreover, mixed, secondary vortices and rotational flow originate behind and near the dimple, twisted tape, and corrugation surfaces. These rotational and vortices can promote mixing in flow between the thermal boundary layer and velocity boundary flow layer. So, increase the heat transfer enhancement. The improved pipes with different dimple diameters produce a maximum performance evaluation factor of is more than 1.25.
Entropy generation analysis of free convection radiative MHD Eyring–Powell fluid flow between porous parallel plates with Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Ramesh K. , Patidar Deepesh , Ojjela Odelu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this present study, we have investigated the entropy generation analysis and Dufour and Soret impacts on unsteady incompressible free convective radiative MHD Eyring–Powell fluid flow between parallel plates with periodic injection and suction. The governing PDEs are converted into nondimensional coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity variables then numerically solved by Runge–Kutta fourth‐order scheme with shooting technique. The results are discussed in detail for different flow, mass, and heat transfer profiles corresponding to various active parameters and presented in tables and graphs. Also, it is noticed that the temperature profiles are enhanced with the fluid parameter, whereas the concentration profiles are decreased with the Prandtl number. The validations of present results with the existing outcomes for the viscous case of skin friction are included and have found to be in good agreement. The present numerical study is useful for the enhancement of heat transfer in various industrial and chemical processes.
Parental care deficiency and non‐suicidal self‐injury among Chinese rural left‐behind adolescents: The mediating role of negative emotion and the moderating role of emotion regulation ability
Authors: Wang Yulong , Lin Fan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLack of parental care is a common disadvantage faced by Chinese rural left‐behind children and an important factor leading to various psychological and behavioural problems. Although parental care deficiency may play an important role in Chinese rural left‐behind adolescents' non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI), the underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms of this relationship have not been explored. The sample consisted of 633 rural left‐behind adolescents in China, including 318 males (50.24%) and 315 females (49.76%) aged 12–17 years, from middle and high schools in Hunan Province. Participants completed self‐report questionnaires that assessed parental care deficiency, negative emotion, emotion regulation ability, and NSSI. Parental care deficiency not only directly affected NSSI of Chinese rural left‐behind children but also indirectly affected NSSI by increasing negative emotions. At the same time, the mediating effect of negative emotion was moderated by emotion regulation ability. Specifically, when emotion regulation ability was low, the mediating effect of negative emotion was significant, but when emotion regulation ability was high, the mediating effect of negative emotion was not significant. In order to prevent and intervene in NSSI among Chinese rural left‐behind children experiencing parental care deficiency, we should focus on developing their emotion regulation ability.
Pattern of methane levels with lactulose breath testing; can we shorten the test duration?
Authors: Shaker Anisa , Peng Billy , Soffer Edy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimMethane levels in methane‐positive lactulose breath tests are frequently elevated at time zero. We hypothesized that baseline methane level is sufficient to detect excessive methane production and thereby avoid extended testing. Our aim was to determine if baseline methane levels were sufficient to identify methane‐positive individuals as defined by current guidelines.MethodsA retrospective study of lactulose breath tests was conducted at an open access motility lab. A methane‐positive study was defined as a methane level ≥10 ppm at any time. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) was defined as a ≥20 ppm rise in hydrogen from baseline by 90 min. Dual‐positive SIBO and methane studies were identified. Demographics, symptoms, and indications were recorded.ResultsOf 745 tests, 33.1%, 15.0%, and 3.1% were SIBO, methane, and dual‐positive, respectively. Precisely 96.4% of methane‐positive studies had methane levels ≥10 ppm within 90 min and 75.9% had levels ≥10 ppm at time 0. An additional elevation of ≥20 ppm over baseline within 90 min was observed in 32.1%. Of 22 methane‐positive patients with constipation, methane levels were ≥10 ppm at baseline in 81.8% and were ≥10 ppm within 90 min in all cases.ConclusionsNearly 25% of methane‐positive studies were not identified by a fasting methane level, but 96% were identified within 90 min. Most methane‐positive studies did not have a rise of 20 ppm above baseline. Our findings suggest the lactulose breath test for hydrogen and methane can be complete at 90 min.
Gold nanoparticles‐mediated fluorescent chemical nose sensor for pathogenic diagnosis and phenotype
Authors: Shen Yuanyuan , Lei Feifei , Meng Tian , Li Chaoyang , Yang Zhiqing , Huang Jiaomei , Song Fengge , Wan Yi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPathogens are one of the important factors affecting national economic construction. An ideal detection system for pathogen control with excellent sensitivity, high specificity, and time‐saving is needed. Here, we reported a method for bacterial detection using gold nanoparticles‐mediated fluorescent “chemical nose” sensors (GFCEs). The technique consists of gold nanoparticles‐coated magnetic particle using benzaldehyde, octyl aldehyde, and pyrimidine‐4‐formaldehyde modified, respectively. And these positively charged nanocompound interacting with three different fluorescent proteins (FPs) to form three kinds of GFCEs, respectively, named GFCE1, GFCE2, and GFCE3. Upon binding with pathogenic cells, functionalized gold nanoparticles could identify patches on hydrophobic/functional surfaces of microorganisms, and self‐assemble with living bacteria by complementary electrostatic interactions. The binding ability between GFCEs and bacteria determines the change of fluorescence response of three FPs from GFCEs. These feature fluorescent level are pathogen‐specific, highly repeatable, and can be analyzed by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The combination of GFCE1 and GFCE2 has the best performance when detecting pathogens with concentrations of 106 cfu mL−1. The first discriminant within 15 minutes is 93.8%, which could be used for subsequent identification of unknown samples. The commonly applicable system provides a simple way for the rapid bacterial detection without preprocessing procedures.
Exposure to Repetitive Head Impacts Is Associated With Corpus Callosum Microstructure and Plasma Total Tau in Former Professional American Football Players
Authors: Kochsiek Janna , O'Donnell Lauren J. , Zhang Fan , Bonke Elena M. , Sollmann Nico , Tripodis Yorghos , Wiegand Tim L. T. , Kaufmann David , Umminger Lisa , Di Biase Maria A. , Kaufmann Elisabeth , Schultz Vivian , Alosco Michael L. , Martin Brett M. , Lin Alexander P. , Coleman Michael J. , Rathi Yogesh , Pasternak Ofer , Bouix Sylvain , Stern Robert A. , Shenton Martha E. , Koerte Inga K. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundExposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) is associated with an increased risk of later‐life neurobehavioral dysregulation and neurodegenerative disease. The underlying pathomechanisms are largely unknown.PurposeTo investigate whether RHI exposure is associated with later‐life corpus callosum (CC) microstructure and whether CC microstructure is associated with plasma total tau and neuropsychological/neuropsychiatric functioning.Study TypeRetrospective cohort study.PopulationSeventy‐five former professional American football players (age 55.2 ± 8.0 years) with cognitive, behavioral, and mood symptoms.Field Strength/SequenceDiffusion‐weighted echo‐planar MRI at 3 T.AssessmentSubjects underwent diffusion MRI, venous puncture, neuropsychological testing, and completed self‐report measures of neurobehavioral dysregulation. RHI exposure was assessed using the Cumulative Head Impact Index (CHII). Diffusion MRI measures of CC microstructure (i.e., free‐water corrected fractional anisotropy (FA), trace, radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD)) were extracted from seven segments of the CC (CC1‐7), using a tractography clustering algorithm. Neuropsychological tests were selected: Trail Making Test Part A (TMT‐A) and Part B (TMT‐B), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Stroop Interference Test, and the Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) from the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Adult version (BRIEF‐A).Statistical TestsDiffusion MRI metrics were tested for associations with RHI exposure, plasma total tau, neuropsychological performance, and neurobehavioral dysregulation using generalized linear models for repeated measures.ResultsRHI exposure was associated with increased AD of CC1 (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.32, P < 0.05) and with increased plasma total tau (r = 0.34, P < 0.05). AD of the anterior CC1 was associated with increased plasma total tau (CC1: r = 0.30, P < 0.05; CC2: r = 0.29, P < 0.05). Higher trace, AD, and RD of CC1 were associated with better performance (P < 0.05) in TMT‐A (trace, r = 0.33; AD, r = 0.31; and RD, r = 0.28) and TMT‐B (trace, r = 0.31; RD, r = 0.34). Higher FA and AD of CC2 were associated with better performance (P < 0.05) in TMT‐A (FA, r = 0.36; AD, r = 0.28), TMT‐B (FA, r = 0.36; AD, r = 0.27), COWAT (FA, r = 0.36; AD, r = 0.32), and BRI (AD, r = 0.29).Data ConclusionThese results suggest an association among RHI exposure, CC microstructure, plasma total tau, and clinical functioning in former professional American football players.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 1
Characteristics of Intrinsic Brain Functional Connectivity Alterations in Major Depressive Disorder Patients With Suicide Behavior
Authors: Chen Ziqi , Xia Mingrui , Zhao Youjin , Kuang Weihong , Jia Zhiyun , Gong Qiyong 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe intrinsic brain functional connectivity of suicide attempts in major depressive disorder (MDD) remains incompletely understood.PurposeTo investigate graph‐theoretical based functional connectivity strength (FCS) alterations in MDD patients with suicidal behavior.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsFifty medication‐free MDD patients, with (suicide attempters, SA, N = 15) and without (non‐attempters, nSA, N = 35) a history of a suicide attempt, and 37 healthy controls (HC).Field Strength/SequenceResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a gradient‐echo imaging sequence was acquired at 3.0 T.AssessmentFor each individual, voxel‐wise whole‐brain functional network was constructed and graph‐theoretical based FCS map was calculated. For each individual in two patient groups, the seed‐based functional connectivity map was constructed.Statistical TestsNon‐parameter permutation tests, analysis of covariance, two‐sample t‐test, Chi‐square test, and Pearson correlation analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsRelative to the HC group, two MDD patient groups showed significantly lower FCS in the left hippocampus, while nSA patients showed additionally lower FCS in more widespread regions (P < 0.05). Importantly, comparing to nSA patients, SA patients had significantly higher FCS in the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) (P < 0.05). Further seed‐based functional connectivity analysis revealed that the right OFC exhibited significantly higher connectivity to right middle frontal gyrus and lower connectivity to the left anterior cingulate cortex and left calcarine sulcus, and the bilateral dmPFC had significantly higher connectivity to the left middle frontal gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus in the SA patients than in the nSA patients (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionThis study identified disconnections of the OFC and dmPFC which were putatively related to a higher risk of suicidal behavior in MDD patients, thus extended the understanding of suicidal behavior at a brain circuit level.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage3
A radiation therapist’s guide to health literacy: A narrative review
Authors: Kelly Toni , Surjan Yolanda , Rinks Marianne , Warren‐Forward Helen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRadiation therapist (RT) communication plays an essential part of patient‐centred care in achieving better patient outcomes within radiation oncology. Patients present from a range of social circumstances, education levels and cultural backgrounds, all of which may significantly impact their level of health literacy (HL). Using literature sourced from databases such as EMCare Nursing & Allied Health Database, MEDLINE(R) and APA PsycInfo, this narrative review explores HL definitions, international comparison rates and indications of individual low HL. It also reviews HL assessments as well as exploring enablers and barriers to HL from the RT perspective. Strategies from both the individual or organisational perspective are provided for RTs to begin or continue their HL interest. By educating the radiation therapy profession about health literacy and making small changes in interpersonal interactions, there is the opportunity to impact patients’ experiences and outcomes significantly.
Medium‐term serostatus in Spanish case series recovered from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Moreno‐Pérez Oscar , Ramos Jose Manuel , Gimeno Adelina , Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Andres Mariano , Leon‐Ramirez Jose‐Manuel , Valero Beatriz , Llorens Pere , Boix Vicente , Gil Joan , Merino Esperanza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe medium‐term serologic response of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection recovered individuals is not well known. The aims were to quantify the incidence of seropositive failure in the medium term in a cohort of patients with different COVID‐19 severity and to analyze its associated factors. Patients who had recovered from mild and severe forms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in an Academic Spanish hospital (March 12–May 2, 2020), were tested for total anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Elecsys Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 test; Roche Diagnostics GmbH). The non‐seropositive status (seropositive failure) incidence (95% CI) was determined. Associations were tested by multiple logistic regression in a global cohort and severe pneumonia subpopulation. Of 435 patients with PCR‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2, a serological test was carried out in 325: 210 (64.6%) had severe pneumonia (hospitalized patients), 51 (15.7%) non‐severe pneumonia (managed as outpatients), and 64 (19.7%) mild cases without pneumonia. After a median (IQR) of 76 days (70–83) from symptom onset, antibody responses may not consistently develop or reach levels sufficient to be detectable by antibody tests (non‐seropositive incidence) in 6.9% (95% CI, 4.4–10.6) and 20.3% (95% CI, 12.2–31.7) of patients with and without pneumonia, respectively. Baseline independent predictors of seropositive failure were higher leukocytes and fewer days of symptoms before admission, while low glomerular filtrate and fever seem associated with serologic response. Age, comorbidity or immunosuppressive therapies (corticosteroids, tocilizumab) did not influence antibody response. In the medium‐term, SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositive failure is not infrequent in COVID‐19 recovered patients. Age, comorbidity or immunosuppressive therapies did not influence antibody response.
Association of IL‐32 rs28372698 polymorphism with active chronic HBV infection
Authors: Zheng Shuo , Li Mei , Pan Xingfei , Huang Xiaoping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInterleukin‐32 (IL‐32), a multiple proinflammatory cytokine, plays a vital role in immune‐related diseases and infectious diseases. The promoter region of IL‐32, which showed functional polymorphism, could regulate IL‐32 expression. Although IL‐32 rs28372698 polymorphism has been related to a lot of inflammatory diseases, the association of IL‐32 rs28372698 polymorphism with a hepatic flare of chronic HBV infection has not been reported. In the present study, IL‐32 rs28372698 polymorphism was genotyped in 104 chronic HBV carriers and 151 active chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The frequency of IL‐32 T/T genotype in patients with active CHB was significantly higher than that in chronic HBV carriers. Furthermore, the frequency of the T allele at IL‐32 rs28372698 in active CHB patients was also higher than that in chronic HBV carriers. The serum level of IL‐32 in active CHB patients was higher than that in chronic HBV carriers. Our results imply that IL‐32 T/T polymorphism might be associated with a hepatic flare of chronic HBV infection.
Lower growth arrest‐specific 5 level in endometrium is related to endometriosis via promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis
Authors: Song Ge , Yu Mei , Mi Dong‐Qing , Jiang Yan , Tian Geng , Geng Cai‐Ping , Yuan Jing‐Chuan , Miao Sui‐Bing , Wu Xiao‐Hua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs are a group of more than 200 nt, nonprotein coding RNAs, some of which are dysregulated in many pathophysiological processes including endometriosis. This study aims to clarify the roles of dysregulated growth arrest‐specific 5 (GAS5) in patients with endometriosis, and unveil the underlying mechanisms. We obtained endometrium samples from 37 patients with endometriosis and 23 controls without endometriosis. Primary endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and endothelial cells were separated from the endometrium. Levels of GAS5 were quantified using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and levels of p27, cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved poly (ADP‐Ribose) polymerase 1, vascular endothelial growth factor A, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3), and trypsin‐modified soy protein 10 were assessed by immunoblotting. Cell viability was examined using MTT assays, and the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Endothelial cell tube formation capacity was assayed in vitro. GAS5 and p27 levels were found lower in the endometrium samples from patients with endometriosis. Primary ESCs from patients with endometriosis had increased viability, reduced apoptosis, and a relatively uncontrolled cell cycle. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies confirmed that GAS5 regulated p27 expression in ESCs. Furthermore, GAS5 level was relatively low in primary endothelial cells from patients with endometriosis and GAS5 acted as an angiogenesis inhibitor by regulating the miR‐181c‐TIMP3 axis. Thus, lower GAS5 level in endometrium might be related to endometriosis by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and angiogenesis.
Properties of tribofilm formed on self‐mated stainless steel lubricated by palm methyl ester mixed petroleum diesel fuel
Authors: Fuadi Zahrul , Adachi Koshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper discussed the tribofilm properties formed on the contact interface of self‐mated austenitic stainless steel lubricated by petrol diesel fuel mixed with 7.5% wt palm methyl ester. To simulate a severe contact condition between the material, a ball‐on‐disc tribometer was employed. Mild wear condition was found in the case of methyl ester mixed petrol diesel fuel lubrication whereas catastrophic wear was found in the case of petrol diesel fuel lubrication. EDX images revealed significant traces of manganese metallic film on worn scar of the ball in the case of petrol diesel fuel condition. On the contrary, manganese metallic film was found scarcely localised in the case of palm methyl ester mixed petroleum fuel. This indicates that the methyl ester component in the petrol diesel fuel has acted as an agent to prevent the adhesion of manganese metallic film on the contact interface resulting in mild wear of the material.
Improving of the tribological properties of attapulgite base grease with graphene
Authors: Nan Feng , Yin Yanli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of industry, individuals paid increasing demanding on the friction‐reducing and antiwear properties of lubricants under harsh service conditions. Here, the attapulgite base grease and attapulgite greases with grephene were successfully synthesised. The tribological behaviours of the greases were comparatively investigated using a SRV‐IV tribometer with the ball‐on‐disk configuration. The results show that the attapulgite grease with graphene presents better friction‐reducing and antiwear properties than the attapulgite base grease, especially at high load, frequency and temperature. The friction‐reducing and antiwear mechanism was determined through the analysis of worn surfaces and tribofilms formed on it. The results revealed that a tribofilm composed with Fe, Fe3C, Fe2O3, FeOOH, Al2O3, SiO2, graphene, attapulgite and organic compounds was formed on the worn surface, which is responsible for the excellent tribological properties of the attapulgite grease with graphene. Thus, as‐prepared attapulgite grease with graphene shows great potential in the lubrication for mechanical equipment operated under harsh conditions.