bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SlGSTE9 participates in the stability of chlorpyrifos resistance in Spodoptera litura
Authors: Li Dongzhi , He Chengshuai , Xie Lanfen , Ge Xing , Deng Tianfu , Li Songwei , Li Guangling , Xu Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpodoptera litura is an important agricultural pest and has developed serious resistance to multiple insecticides. The resistance level to several insecticides is reported to be unstable, but the mechanism is less reported.RESULTSChlorpyrifos and phoxim resistance level in a field‐collected population of S. litura declined continuously from the first to the tenth generation and remained stable at the 11th and 12th generations without insecticide exposure. Synergist experiment showed that diethyl maleate and piperonyl butoxide significantly increased mortality to chlorpyrifos and phoxim in the first and sixth generations, but not in the 12th generation. The expression of 31 identified glutathione S‐transferase (GST) genes in the third‐instar larvae of S. litura in the first, sixth and 12th generations was determined, and eight genes were seen to decrease significantly in the sixth and 12th generations compared with the first generation. SlGSTe9 was selected for further functional study as it had higher abundance and significantly higher expression in the chlorpyrifos‐resistant population than in the susceptible population. The recombinant protein of SlGSTE9 showed metabolism activity to chlorpyrifos in vitro and in Escherichia coli, but not to phoxim. Silencing of SlGSTe9 increased the cumulative mortality to chlorpyrifos significantly. SlGSTE9 also showed antioxidant activity to cumene hydroperoxide.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that SlGSTe9 is directly involved in chlorpyrifos resistance stability, but not in phoxim. SlGSTE9 may also participate in insecticides resistance by relieving the oxidase stress induced by insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Landscape‐level variation in Bt crops predict Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance in cotton agroecosystems
Authors: Dorman Seth J , Hopperstad Kristen A , Reich Brian J , Majumder Suman , Kennedy George , Reisig Dominic D , Greene Jeremy K , Reay‐Jones Francis PF , Collins Guy , Bacheler Jack S , Huseth Anders S 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHelicoverpa zea (Boddie) damage to Bt cotton and maize has increased as a result of widespread Bt resistance across the USA Cotton Belt. Our objective was to link Bt crop production patterns to cotton damage through a series of spatial and temporal surveys of commercial fields to understand how Bt crop production relates to greater than expected H. zea damage to Bt cotton. To do this, we assembled longitudinal cotton damage data that spanned the Bt adoption period, collected cotton damage data since Bt resistance has been detected, and estimated local population susceptibility using replicated on‐farm studies that included all Bt pyramids marketed in cotton.RESULTSSignificant year effects of H. zea damage frequency in commercial cotton were observed throughout the Bt adoption period, with a recent damage increase after 2012. Landscape‐level Bt crop production intensity over time was positively associated with the risk of H. zea damage in two‐ and three‐toxin pyramided Bt cotton. Helicoverpa zea damage also varied across Bt toxin types in spatially replicated on‐farm studies.CONCLUSIONSLandscape‐level predictors of H. zea damage in Bt cotton can be used to identify heightened Bt resistance risk areas and serves as a model to understand factors that drive pest resistance evolution to Bt toxins in the southeastern United States. These results provide a framework for more effective insect resistance management strategies to be used in combination with conventional pest management practices that improve Bt trait durability while minimizing the environmental footprint of row crop agriculture. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Toward transformative climate justice: An emerging research agenda
Authors: Newell Peter , Srivastava Shilpi , Naess Lars Otto , Torres Contreras Gerardo A. , Price Roz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCalls for climate justice abound as evidence accumulates of the growing social and environmental injustices aggravated or driven by climate change. There is now a considerable and diverse literature on procedural, distributional and intergenerational dimensions, including questions of recognition in climate justice. Yet its meaning, scope and practical implications are still contested. Importantly, the broader landscape within which climate justice is situated is rapidly changing, bringing new challenges to the understanding and practice of climate justice. This review takes stock of climate justice literature in view of this new context. We find several disconnects and tensions between more philosophical and academic treatments of the subject on the one hand, and “activist”‐oriented approaches to climate justice on the other. Scholarship often falls into silos around scales from global and local, between mitigation and adaptation or draws distinctions between climate justice and other forms of (in)justice. This inhibits an understanding of climate justice that can address more directly its underlying root causes in an historically constituted global economic system and intersecting set of social inequalities. We propose a research agenda centered on a transformative approach to climate justice, placing analysis of power in its various guises at the center of its enquiry, and subverting and moving beyond existing distinctions by focusing on the social and institutional relations and inequalities that both produce climate change and profoundly shape responses to it. We elaborate on three key strands of such an approach: inclusive climate justice, deepening climate justice and governance for climate justice.This article is categorized under:
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice
The BET bromodomain inhibitor ZEN-3365 targets the Hedgehog signaling pathway in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wellbrock Jasmin , Behrmann Lena , Muschhammer Jana , Modemann Franziska , Khoury Kais , Brauneck Franziska , Bokemeyer Carsten , Campeau Eric , Fiedler Walter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractModern cancer therapies increased the survival rates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients tremendously. However, the complexity of the disease and the identification of new targets require the adaptation of treatment protocols to reduce side effects and increase benefit for the patients. One key regulator of leukemogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in AML is the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway. It is deregulated in numerous cancer entities and inhibition of its downstream transcription factors GLI translates into anti-leukemic effects. One major regulator of GLI is BRD4, a BET family member with epigenetic functions. We investigated the effect of ZEN-3365, a novel BRD4 inhibitor, on AML cells in regard to the HH pathway. We show that ZEN-3365 alone or in combination with GANT-61 reduced GLI promoter activity, cell proliferation and colony formation in AML cell lines and primary cells. Our findings strongly support the evaluation of the BRD4 inhibitor ZEN-3365 as a new therapeutic option in AML.
Connected Subgraph Defense Games
Authors: Akrida Eleni C. , Deligkas Argyrios , Melissourgos Themistoklis , Spirakis Paul G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study a security game over a network played between adefenderandkattackers. Every attacker chooses, probabilistically, a node of the network to damage. The defender chooses, probabilistically as well, a connected induced subgraph of the network of$$\lambda $$λnodes to scan and clean. Each attacker wishes to maximize the probability of escaping her cleaning by the defender. On the other hand, the goal of the defender is to maximize the expected number of attackers that she catches. This game is a generalization of the model from the seminal paper of Mavronicolas et al. Mavronicolas et al. (in: International symposium on mathematical foundations of computer science, MFCS, pp 717–728, 2006). We are interested in Nash equilibria of this game, as well as in characterizingdefense-optimalnetworks which allow for the bestequilibrium defense ratio; this is the ratio ofkover the expected number of attackers that the defender catches in equilibrium. We provide a characterization of the Nash equilibria of this game and defense-optimal networks. The equilibrium characterizations allow us to show that even if the attackers are centrally controlled the equilibria of the game remain the same. In addition, we give an algorithm for computing Nash equilibria. Our algorithm requires exponential time in the worst case, but it is polynomial-time for$$\lambda $$λconstantly close to 1 orn. For the special case of tree-networks, we further refine our characterization which allows us to derive a polynomial-time algorithm for deciding whether a tree is defense-optimal and if this is the case it computes a defense-optimal Nash equilibrium. On the other hand, we prove that it is$${\mathtt {NP}}$$NP-hard to find a best-defense strategy if the tree is not defense-optimal. We complement this negative result with a polynomial-time constant-approximation algorithm that computes solutions that are close to optimal ones for general graphs. Finally, we provide asymptotically (almost) tight bounds for thePrice of Defensefor any$$\lambda $$λ; this is the worst equilibrium defense ratio over all graphs.
Needs for information about lifestyle and rehabilitation in long-term young adult cancer survivors
Authors: Thorsen Lene , Bøhn Synne-Kristin H. , Lie Hanne C. , Fosså Sophie D. , Kiserud Cecilie E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Healthy lifestyle and rehabilitation may mitigate late effects after cancer treatment, but knowledge about lifestyle and rehabilitation information needs among long-term young adult cancer survivors (YACSs) (≥ 5 years from diagnosis) is limited. The present study aimed to examine such information needs among long-term YACSs, and identify characteristics of those with needs.

Material and methods
The Cancer Registry of Norway identified long-term YACSs diagnosed with breast cancer, colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, or malignant melanoma at the age of 19–39 years, between 1985 and 2009. Survivors were mailed a questionnaire, in which respondents reported their information needs on physical activity, diet, and rehabilitation services 5–30 years post-diagnosis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the prevalence of information needs and associated factors.

Results
Of 1488 respondents (a response rate of 42%), 947 were included. Median age at diagnosis was 35 years (range 19–39) and median observation time since diagnosis was 14 years (range 5–30). In total, 41% reported information needs for information about physical activity, 45% about diet, and 47% about rehabilitation services. Information needs were associated with higher treatment intensity, increasing number of late effects, and an unhealthy lifestyle.

Conclusion
A large proportion of long-term YACSs report information needs regarding lifestyle and/or rehabilitation more than a decade beyond treatment. Assessments of such information needs should become a part of long-term care of these cancer survivors.
What next for local government climate emergency declarations? The gap between rhetoric and action
Authors: Howarth Candice , Lane Matthew , Fankhauser Sam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe UK, like other countries, has seen a proliferation of declarations of local climate emergencies. While these declarations have been interpreted as a demonstration of ambition, little is known about how and why they actually came about when they did and the implications this will have for what happens next. Focusing on London, UK, we present evidence collected via semi-structured interviews with experts and practitioners involved in the propagation of climate emergency declarations to critically explore how and why these declarations emerged, and the various different roles they are perceived to play for different local actors. Our findings reveal four journeys to local government declaration of a climate emergency (made actively from above, passively from above, actively from below, and passively from across) and three interwoven purposes (statements of intent, acting as a political gesture, and stimulating local action). We argue that these three purposes combine and coalesce to correlate the declaration of climate emergency with a local responsibility for emissions reduction, leaving little analytical space to question the scalar disconnect between the immediacy of the narrative at local scales and the slow-burning (and) global nature of the threat in question. If these emergency declarations are to be an opportunity for change in the governance of climate change, then the question of ‘what next?’ requires more in-depth, thorough and constructive engagement with the type of climate action the declarations are expected to induce while considering how this aligns with existing responsibilities and resource bases of local government.
Laser pyrolysis in papers and patents
Authors: Spreafico Christian , Russo Davide , Degl’Innocenti Riccardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a critical review of laser pyrolysis. Although this technology is almost 60 years old, in literature many researchers, both from academia and industry, are still developing and improving it. On the contrary industrial applications are struggling to take off, if not in very restricted areas, although the technology has undoubted advantages that justify future development. The aim of this work consists in analysing a representative pool of scientific papers (230) and patents (121), from the last 20 years, to have an overview about the evolution of the method and try to understand the efforts spent to improve this technology effectively in academia and in industry. This study is important to provide a complete review about the argument, still missing in the literature. The objective is to provide an overview sufficiently broad and representative in the sources and to capture all the main ways in which laser pyrolysis has been used and with what distribution. The main focuses of the study are the analyses of the functions carried out by laser technologies, the application fields, and the types of used laser (i.e. models, power and fluence). Among the main results, the study showed that the main use of laser pyrolysis is to produce nanoparticles and coatings, the main materials worked by laser pyrolysis are silicon and carbon dioxide and the main searched properties in the products of laser pyrolysis are catalysts activity and electrical conductivity. CO2 lasers are the most used and the have high versatility compared to others. In conclusion, the study showed that laser pyrolysis is a consolidated technology within its main application fields (nanoparticles and coatings) for several years. Within this context, the technology has been developed on very different sizes and processes, obtaining a very wide range of results. Finally, these results may also have stimulated new areas of experimentation that emerged mainly in recent years and which concern biomedical applications, additive manufacturing, and waste disposal.
Graphical abstract
Therapy satisfaction and willingness-to-pay in Polish patients with restless legs syndrome
Authors: Sieminski Mariusz , Skrzypek-Czerko Marcelina , Chełminiak Łukasz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a serious burden for patients which can be measured in economic terms by assessing the money spent on therapy and the willingness to pay. The aim of this study was to assess whether or not patients feel satisfied with the therapy relative to the money they spent on the treatment, and to assess patients’ willingness to pay for therapy that fully eliminates all RLS symptoms.

Methods
Adult subjects with RLS confirmed by actual international consensus criteria, a positive RLS-Diagnostic Index (RLS-DI) score, and clinical examinations and observations were assessed to generate a disease severity index. An original set of questions was used to collect data on patient satisfaction with therapy and their willingness to pay.

Results
Among 100 subjects, 27% were not satisfied with therapy; this subgroup was characterized by lower indices of severity of the disease. Patients spent approximately 3% of their income in treating RLS. They are willing to pay up to 8.3% of their income to eliminate symptoms.

Conclusions
The cost of RLS therapy is a significant part of patient expenditure. Nevertheless, RLS may at times remain so troublesome for patients that they are willing to spend more on therapy to eliminate symptoms.
Assessing life cycle environmental impacts of inoculating soybeans in Argentina with Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Authors: Mendoza Beltran Angelica , Scheel Claus Nordstrøm , Fitton Nuala , Schmidt Jannick , Kløverpris Jesper Hedal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo estimate life cycle impacts from introducing the yield-enhancing inoculant containing the nitrogen-fixing bacteriumBradyrhizobium japonicumand the signal molecule lipochitooligosaccharide (LCO) in Argentinian soybean production. The study focuses on soybeans grown in rotation with corn in the Buenos Aires province. We also provide the life cycle impact assessment for the inoculant production. The study represents a novel scope in terms of the studied crop, inoculant type, and location.MethodsConsequential LCA is used to assess the cradle-to-gate soybean production systems with and without inoculant use. Stepwise is used for quantification of 16 impacts at mid-point level. Also, the LCA-based guidance of Kløverpris et al. (2020) is followed, and we divide the change in impacts caused by the inoculant’s use into four effects. The field effect accounts for changes in field emissions. The yield effect accounts for additional soybean production in the inoculant system that displaces soybean production elsewhere (system expansion). The upstream effect covers the inoculant production and the downstream effect covers post-harvest changes such as soybean transport and drying. Small plot field-trials data is applied in the biogeochemical model DayCent to estimate field emissions, among others.Results and discussionThe use of this inoculant reduces environmental impacts from soybean production in all studied impact categories. The main contributing factor is the yield effect, i.e., reduced impacts via avoided soybean production elsewhere including reduced pressure on land and thereby avoided impacts in the form of indirect land-use-change (iLUC). The field effect is the second-largest contributor to the overall impact reduction. Upstream and downstream effects only had minor influence on results. The yield and field effects are closely tied to the yield change from the inoculant use, which was not fully captured in the DayCent modeling. Thereby, a potential underestimation of the environmental benefits of roughly 10% can be expected, corresponding to the difference of empiric yield data and the modeled yield data in DayCent.Conclusion and recommendationsThe use of this inoculant shows environmental benefits and no trade-offs for the 16 impacts assessed. Results depend primarily on avoided soybean production (the yield effect) which entails iLUC impacts in Brazil and USA, and to a lesser degree on field emissions modelled with DayCent. Better data and parametrization of DayCent, to better capture the change in yields and estimate field emissions, economic modelling for the system expansion assumptions, and accounting for uncertainty in iLUC modelling could improve the assessment.
No child left behind, nor singled out: is it possible to combine adaptive instruction and inclusive pedagogy in early math software?
Authors: Gulz Agneta , Haake Magnus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe article addresses the challenge of combining adaptive and inclusive instruction in early math software, that is, to provide different kinds of support and challenges to different individuals in response to their different needs—yet avoid exposing children (whether far behind or far ahead) as being different. Arguments for adaption as well as inclusion are discussed, and an evaluative user study is conducted in which 42 3- to 6-year-old preschool children made use of a digital play-&-learn game for early math designed to combine adaptive instruction with inclusion during a period of 6 weeks. Data logging, performance measures, observations of children playing, and interviews with teachers are used to evaluate whether the adaptive and inclusive strategies worked out as intended. Results indicate that the goals of inclusion as well as the goals of adaptivity were met. A preliminary conclusion is that it is possible to combine adaptation and inclusion in early math software.
Language policy and planning: a discussion on the complexity of language matters and the role of computational methods
Authors: Civico Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper I argue in favour of the adoption of an interdisciplinary approach based on computational methods for the development of language policies. As a consequence of large-scale phenomena such as globalization, economic and political integration and the progress in information and communication technologies, social systems have become increasingly interconnected. Language-related systems are no exception. Besides, language matters are never just language matters. Their causes and consequences are to be found in many seemingly unrelated fields. Therefore, we can no longer overlook the numerous variables involved in the unfolding of linguistic and sociolinguistic phenomena if we wish to develop effective language policy measures. A genuinely interdisciplinary approach is key to address language matters (as well as many other public policy matters). In this regard, the tools of complexity theory, such as computational methods based on computer simulations, have proved useful in other fields of public policy.
Sutureless Laser Labiaplasty of Labia Minora
Authors: Bizjak-Ogrinc Urška , Senčar Sabina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Female genital cosmetic surgery includes traditional surgical procedures resulting in alterations in genital size, appearance, and function as well as cosmetic vulvar and labial procedures. Vaginal labiaplasty, the surgical reduction of the labia minora as a treatment for labia hypertrophy, is becoming more and more common and there are many different techniques with no optimal approach suggested.

Aim
The purpose of this study is to report on a “sutureless” laser labiaplasty and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technique.

Methods
A retrospective chart review analysis of all 80 patients who underwent laser labiaplasty between February 2015 and April 2018 was conducted.

Main Outcome Measures
Women were asked about or checked for side effect and answered a questionnaire regarding their satisfaction.

Results
Majority of women did not report of any side effect, 7 reported wound infection, bleeding was reported by 1 patient, and 1 woman reported hematoma formation. All of the patients reported high satisfaction. There were no partly satisfied or dissatisfied patients.

Conclusion
Sutureless laser labiaplasty is a safe and effective way of improving women's lives and is associated with a high degree of patient satisfaction.