bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerobic C−H Hydroxylation by Copper Imine Complexes: The Clip‐and‐Cleave Concept – Versatility and Limits
Authors: Specht Pascal , Petrillo Alexander , Becker Jonathan , Schindler Siegfried 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe intramolecular ligand hydroxylation of a series of copper(I) imine complexes during their reaction with dioxygen had been systematically studied. The so‐called clip‐and‐cleave concept offers a facile way to oxygenate aldehydes or ketones. A copper(I) complex for example, with an imine ligand derived from an ethylenediamine derivative and cyclohexanone was oxidized. Decomposing the complex after the reaction with hydrochloric acid showed a 50 % conversion of the cyclohexanone to 2‐hydroxycylohexanone. Depending on the ligand system, three different reaction pathways have been identified that can cause hydroxylation reactions. While the radical based mechanisms are more difficult to identify, the reactions that go through a copper bis(μ‐oxido) complex as active species can be analyzed by low temperature stopped‐flow techniques. In an ideal case the formation and decomposition of this reactive intermediate can be spectroscopically observed. It was shown that this depends strongly on the ligand system: steric effects, chelate ring size and coordination number play an important role for the mechanism and the outcome of the reaction.
New π‐Extended 1,1′‐Disubstituted Ferrocenes with Thioate and Dithioate End Groups
Authors: Schmiel Sinem‐Fatma , Butenschön Holger 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExtended π systems based on 1,1′‐aryl or (2‐arylethynyl) disubstitution at ferrocene with thioate or dithioate end groups are reported. In the context of molecular electronics, such end groups are possible alternative end groups for the attachment of molecular wires at gold surfaces. The respective thioates were successfully prepared in high yields via the respective carboxylic acid derivatives. Subsequent treatment with Lawesson's reagent led to the respective dithioates. However, this did not work in the presence of triple bonds, in these cases, product mixtures were formed. On the basis of literature evidence with Woollin's reagent, the selenium analog of Lawesson's reagent, one product was tentatively characterized as a double cyclization product of two triple bonds and two molecules of Lawesson's reagent. Preliminary experiments towards the formation of gold complexes by reaction with a Johnphos gold(I) salt are included.
Synthesis of Alkyl Fluorides by Silver‐Catalyzed Radical Decarboxylative Fluorination of Cesium Oxalates
Authors: Vincent Émilie , Brioche Julien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA combination of silver nitrate (AgNO3) catalyst and Selectfluor® was found to perform radical deoxyfluorination of cesium oxalates derived from corresponding alcohols. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and provides preferentially access to tertiary alkyl fluorides.
Behind the makeup: The effects of cosmetics on women's self‐objectification, and their objectification by others
Authors: Kellie Dax J. , Blake Khandis R. , Brooks Robert C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDoes wearing makeup benefit women by changing how they perceive themselves, and are the perceptions that others make of makeup wearers positive, or negative? In two pre‐registered experiments, we investigated the effects of makeup on women's self‐perceived traits, and others’ objectifying perceptions of them. In Experiment 1, 229 women imagined one of four scenarios (e.g., a romantic date). Half applied makeup for that scenario before rating their self‐perceived agency, humanness, romantic competitiveness towards other women and reactions to partner jealousy. Results showed little evidence that applying makeup affected women's self‐perceived traits. In Experiment 2, 844 participants rated images of women's faces from Experiment 1 on their mental capacity and moral status. Women wearing more makeup were attributed less mental capacity and moral status, with attributions mediated by perceptions that heavier makeup‐wearers have more sex and are more physically attractive. Findings suggest that although women experience cultural pressure to wear makeup, negative stereotypes of makeup‐wearers may lead to detrimental perceptions of women.
Facile Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide‐octahedral Mn3O4 Nanocomposites as a Platform for the Electrochemical Determination of Metronidazole and Sulfamonomethoxine
Authors: Xia Ya‐Mu , Ou Xiang , Zhao Yan , Xia Meng , Chen Dong , Gao Wei‐Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA facile synthesis strategy of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐octahedral Mn3O4 (oct‐Mn3O4) nanocomposites using in situ one‐pot hydrothermal reaction was reported. The RGO‐oct‐Mn3O4 nanocomposites were drop‐casted onto the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain RGO‐oct‐Mn3O4/GCE. DPV results revealed that the performance of RGO‐oct‐Mn3O4/GCE towards metronidazole displayed a linear ranging from 0.1 to 9.5 μM with a detection limit of 0.037 μM. For sulfamonomethoxine, it exhibited a linear ranging from 1 to 95 μM with a detection limit of 0.27 μM. Moreover, the proposed sensor had good anti‐interference capability, high stability, satisfactory reproducibility, and was successfully applied in real samples.
Electrochemical Aptasensor for Zearalenone Based on DNA Assembly and Exonuclease III as Amplification Strategy
Authors: Wei Min , Xin Lingkun , Jin Huali , Huang Yawei , Liu Yong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA sensitively electrochemical aptasensor was developed to detect zearalenone, utilizing DNA assembly based on hybridization chain reaction to amplify the signal current and exonuclease III to reduce the background current. The linear range 5.0×10−5 ng/mL‐50 ng/mL, and the limit of detection is 0.013 pg/mL. The fabricated aptasensor showed the high specificity toward aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), good repeatability and reproducibility. In addition, the average recoveries of spiked corn and beer samples were in the range of 89 % to 102 %. The established method is of great significance in the field of food safety detection.
Drag variations, tidal asymmetry and tidal range changes in a mangrove creek system
Authors: Horstman Erik M. , Bryan Karin R. , Mullarney Julia C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAboveground root structures enhance drag on tidal currents in intertidal mangrove forests, whereas the creeks dissecting such forests provide low‐resistance conduits for tidal flows. Here, observations from an established mangrove forest in the Whitianga Estuary, Aotearoa New Zealand, are used to investigate the variability of the drag experienced by tidal flows in a mangrove creek system and subsequent effects on tidal asymmetries and ranges.Tidal flow speed maxima in the creek occurred at overbank water levels during the sheet flow stage on rising tides, but at water levels below the creek bank (the creek flow stage) on falling tides. Inferred bulk drag coefficients for the creek were greater during the sheet flow than the creek flow stage, and were linearly correlated with the bulk drag coefficients at stations in the adjacent forest. Although falling tides, associated with larger bulk drag coefficients, had an increasingly longer duration than rising tides towards the back of the forest, we observed ebb‐dominant flow speed asymmetry that declined inland in the creek. Conversely, flow speeds within the forest were consistently flood‐dominant, in accordance with smaller bulk drag coefficients during rising tides. Along the full length of the mangrove system, high‐water levels were lowered by up to 12 cm/km within the creek and 36 cm/km within the mangrove forest.Creek bed roughness associated with bulk drag coefficients observed in deeper parts of the creek was much greater than the hydraulic roughness of the sediment. For accurate simulations of landscape‐scale feedbacks between the creek and mangrove forest, incorporating both direct and indirect contributions of the vegetated forest platform to creek bed roughness is essential. These findings show that the interaction between creek flow and sheet flow in a mangrove creek system is a key driver of tidal asymmetries as well as the attenuation of high‐water conditions.
Impact of increased temperature on spring wheat yield in northern China
Authors: Ye Jun , Gao Zhen , Wu Xiaohua , Lu Zhanyuan , Li Cundong , Wang Xiaobing , Chen Liyu , Cui Guohui , Yu Meiling , Yan Guijun , Liu Hui , Zhang Haibin , Wang Zhanxian , Shi Xuefen , Li Yuanqing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlobal warming has been reported to cause reductions in crop yields. However, it was suggested that warming temperature might benefit crop productivity in some cool areas at high latitude. In this study, we conducted a 17‐year field experiment (2002–2018) on spring wheat in Inner Mongolia. Temperature changes during each growth stage of spring wheat were investigated. Responses of spring wheat yield to temperature changes during the specific growing stages were evaluated. Average annual maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) significantly increased over the past 17 years. However, Tmax did not show obvious increase trend during spring wheat growing seasons (p = 0.0672). Furthermore, Tmax also had no distinct change before or after anthesis. Tmin significantly increased during the whole growing season, as well as in pre‐ and post‐anthesis stages. Correlation analysis indicated that Tmax in the entire growing season and post‐anthesis did not affect spring wheat yield, but high Tmax during pre‐anthesis can improve grain yield. The Tmin during the life cycle and pre‐anthesis both had positive relationship with grain yield. Moreover, elevated temperature from seedling to stem elongation can benefit tiller formation and thus increasing spike number, which contributed to the significant yield increase (p = 0.0093). Overall, climate warming affect spring wheat yield in cool area, and increasing temperature that was below the optimum temperature can benefit wheat productivity.
Sealing of fractures in a representative CO2 reservoir caprock by migration of fines
Authors: Rod Kenton A. , Cantrell Kirk J. , Varga Tamas , Battu Anil K. , Brown Christopher F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe impact of fines migration on fracture transmissivity reduction was investigated by injecting a brine solution containing a suspension of 0.1 wt.% kaolinite particles with a mean particle size distribution of 9.6 μm through fractured shale core samples. The fractures had apertures estimated to be approximately 100 μm. A mass balance approach was used to determine the quantity of kaolinite that was deposited within the fractures (influent – effluent = amount deposited in fractures). Large fractions (44–90%) of the suspended kaolinite pumped through the fractures were deposited within the fractures. Based on fracture volumes estimated with X‐ray computed tomography, it was determined that approximately 10 to 17% of the fracture volume was filled with kaolinite at the point when flow was completely restricted. These results indicate that 100 μm fractures in CO2 reservoir caprocks could be sealed within hours if the brines passing through the fractures contain a proportional volume of particulates to the tests performed in this laboratory study. © 2021 Battelle Memorial Institute. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The protective effects of azilsartan against oscillatory shear stress‐induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are mediated by KLF6
Authors: Wei Guoqian , Zhu Dayong , Sun Yongtao , Zhang Lan , Liu Xian , Li Ming , Gu Jinxia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeAtherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is reported to be related to oscillatory shear stress (OSS)‐induced endothelial dysfunction and excessive production of inflammatory factors. Azilsartan, a specific antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor, has been approved for the management of hypertensive subjects with diabetes mellitus type II (DMII). The present study will investigate the effects of azilsartan against OSS‐induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanism.Materials and MethodsCell viability was detected using an MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the expression levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, VCAM‐1, and ICAM‐1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using 2ʹ‐7ʹdichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH‐DA) staining, and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was evaluated using a commercial kit. The adhesion of THP‐1 monocytes to HAECs was evaluated using calcein‐AM staining. The expression level of KLF6 was determined using qRT‐PCR and Western blot analysis.ResultsAccording to the result of the MTT assay, 5 and 10 μM azilsartan were considered as the optimized concentrations applied in the present study. The elevated production of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β, increased levels of ROS, decreased levels of reduced GSH, upregulated VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, and E‐selectin, and the aggravated adhesion of THP‐1 cells to HAECs induced by OSS were all reversed by the introduction of azilsartan. The downregulation of KLF6 induced by OSS was significantly reversed by azilsartan. By knocking down the expression of KLF6, the suppressed adhesion of THP‐1 cells to the HAECs, and the downregulation of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 induced by azilsartan in OSS‐stimulated HAECs were greatly reversed.ConclusionThe protective effects of azilsartan against OSS‐induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation might be mediated by KLF6.
KMT2D promotes proliferation of gastric cancer cells: evidence from ctDNA sequencing
Authors: Li Qiaolian , Wu Riping , Wu Fan , Chen Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundctDNA sequencing could be used for early cancer screening, prognosis prediction, and medication guidance. However, data of its application in gastric cancer are still lacking. In this study, using ctDNA sequencing, we aimed to screen the mutant genes closely associated with gastric cancer and to explore the impact of these genes on gastric cancer development.MethodsctDNA for high‐throughput sequencing was obtained from gastric cancer patients, and the high‐frequency mutant gene KMT2D was identified. Immunohistochemical examination was conducted to assess the expression of KMT2D in gastric cancer tissues. KMT2D knockdown was performed to establish the stably transfected gastric cancer cells. Then, CCK8, plate clone formation assay, and Transwell assay were conducted, and a subcutaneous tumor‐bearing model was induced in nude mice to investigate the changes in cell proliferation and invasion capability. Transcriptome sequencing was also performed to investigate the differences in cellular gene expression.ResultsDetection of ctDNA found 113 gastric cancer‐related mutations, 11 of which are the top 20 high‐frequency mutations of gastric cancer recorded by COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer, COSMIC). They are TP53, ARID1A, CDH1, PIK3CA, KMT2C, KMT2D, APC, SPEN, CTNNB1, SETBP1, and KMT2A. The gene closely related to the clinical characteristics of the patient is KMT2D. The high‐frequency mutant gene KMT2D was identified in gastric cancer tissues. The positive rate of KMT2D expression in cancer tissues was 74.3%, which was higher than that in para‐carcinoma tissues (56.8%). The knockdown of KMT2D inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and tumor formation capacity of the gastric cancer cells, causing differences in the gene expression profiles, and the expression of different functional gene clusters was up‐ or downregulated.ConclusionThe findings of this study revealed that KMT2D could be an oncogene capable of promoting gastric cancer proliferation.
“Is there anything else you would like me to know?”: Applying a trauma‐informed approach to the administration of the adverse childhood experiences questionnaire
Authors: Mendel Whitney E. , Sperlich Mickey , Fava Nicole M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNearly ubiquitous agreement exists regarding the potentially negative impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health and well‐being across the lifespan. This has propelled a movement across the nation for consistent screening of ACEs. Despite agreement regarding the consequences of ACEs, little research related specifically to the administration of the ACE questionnaire exists. Using data from a mixed‐methods study of first‐time mothers as means of illustration, this paper examines shortcomings of the ACE questionnaire. Participant responses revealed ambiguity with item structure, limited breadth of included events, and failure to capture the gravity of the experience. These shortcomings underscore inadequacies of the measure in accurately understanding individuals' lived experiences and call for the application of trauma‐informed (TI) values, both in its content and administration. We apply the main tenets of a TI framework to the ACE questionnaire and make recommendations for its administration, translating theoretical underpinnings of a TI approach into action.
Atorvastatin ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage via inhibition of pyroptosis and neuroinflammation
Authors: Chen Junhui , Zhang Chunlei , Yan Tengfeng , Yang Lixiang , Wang Yuhai , Shi Zhonghua , Li Mingchang , Chen Qianxue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of stroke with high mortality and morbidity due to the lack of effective therapy. Atorvastatin has been reported to alleviate early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) via reducing reactive oxygen species, antiapoptosis, regulated autophagy, and neuroinflammation. Which was the related to the pyroptosis? Pyroptosis can be defined as a highly specific inflammatory programmed cell death, distinct from classical apoptosis and necrosis. However, the precise role of pyroptosis in atorvastatin‐mediated neuroprotection following SAH has not been confirmed. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotection and potential molecular mechanisms of atorvastatin in the SAH‐induced EBI via regulating neural pyroptosis using the filament perforation model of SAH in male C57BL/6 mice, and the hemin‐induced neuron damage model in HT‐22. Atorvastatin or vehicle was administrated 2 h after SAH and hemin‐induced neuron damage. The mortality, neurological score, brain water content, and neuronal death were evaluated. The results show that the atorvastatin treatment markedly increased survival rate, neurological score, greater survival of neurons, downregulated the protein expression of NLRP1, cleaved caspase‐1, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and IL‐18, which indicated that atorvastatin‐inhibited pyroptosis and neuroinflammation, ameliorated neuron death in vivo/vitro subjected to SAH. Taken together, this study demonstrates that atorvastatin improved the neurological outcome in rats and reduced the neuron death by against neural pyroptosis and neuroinflammation.
Adiponectin regulates osteocytic MLO‐Y4 cell apoptosis in a high‐glucose environment through the AMPK/FoxO3a signaling pathway
Authors: Zeng Yuanyuan , Liang Hengxing , Guo Yue , Feng Yunzhi , Yao Qianqian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClinical studies have shown that persistent hyperglycemia following oxidative stress is associated with the apoptosis of osteocytes in diabetics. Adiponectin (APN) can ameliorate oxidative stress, and its receptors have been identified in bone‐forming cells. However, the relationship between APN and osteocyte apoptosis has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether APN could prevent osteocyte apoptosis and regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a high‐glucose environment. Hoechst staining and fluorescence microscopy were used to observe the apoptosis of osteocytic MLO‐Y4 cells. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and Bcl‐2. ROS generation was investigated with an active oxygen kit and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, the expression of proteins in the AMPK/FoxO3A signaling pathway was also studied by Western blot analysis. In a high‐glucose environment, APN promoted the proliferation of MLO‐Y4 osteocytes and the expression of Bcl‐2 but inhibited the expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and ROS in a dose‐dependent manner. APN promoted the activation of p‐AMPK and p‐AMPK/AMPK, which reached their highest levels at 10 min and returned to baseline at 30 min. The expression of p‐FoxO3A/FoxO3A in both the cytoplasm and nucleus peaked at 15 min, and this expression was returned to baseline at 60 min. In summary, APN has an antiapoptotic effect and regulates ROS generation in MLO‐Y4 osteocytes in a high‐glucose environment. The AMPK/FoxO3A signaling pathway might be a key signaling pathway that participates in the effect of APN on regulating osteocyte apoptosis in diabetics.
Oxidoreductases as a versatile biocatalytic tool to tackle pollutants for clean environment – a review
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Bagheri Ahmad Reza , Vilar Débora S , Aramesh Nahal , Eguiluz Katlin Ivon Barrios , Ferreira Luiz Fernando Romanholo , Ashraf Syed Salman , Iqbal Hafiz M N 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the growing population and rapid industrial development of the world, various pollutants — explicitly known as emerging pollutants (EPs) and including micro and nanoplastics, pharmaceuticals, hazardous dyes, steroid estrogen, and organic pollutants — continue to enter into the environment and water sources. These EPs cause a variety of side effects and diseases, such as cancer, neurotoxic and mutagenic effects, stomach cramps, intestinal disorders, loss of peripheral vision, deteriorated movement coordination, and weakened muscles, even in low concentrations. The presence of EPs in the environment/water sources affects humans and animals and disturbs ecological integrity. Therefore, removing these EPs from the environment with a smart, greener, and environmentally competent technology has become a meaningful goal. Most of the EPs are stable in the media, and their removal is a considerable scientific challenge. Different treatment methods, like adsorption and degradation processes, have been used to eliminate these pollutants. Enzyme‐mediated approaches hold immense prospects in environmental cleanup and have been keenly explored recently. Many efforts have been made to apply biocatalytic‐based materials, like laccases and peroxidases, as unique tools alongside a powerful oxidation approach for the degradation and treatment of EPs. These enzymes' unique properties in terms of excellent selectivity and exclusive catalytic features make them robust candidates for biocatalytic treatment. This work spotlights the biocatalytic properties and application of oxidoreductases to remove EPs. The challenges, conclusive remarks, and standpoints for robust biocatalysts are also given. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).