bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of grinding surfaces of double curvature with cylindrical flap wheels
Authors: Koltsov V P , Vinh Le Tri , Rakitskaya V B , Tardybaeva E V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the manufacture of the panels and sheaths of outer-forming parts, after milling operations or shot peen forming, grinding the surface with flap wheels is widely used. Surface grinding is often performed with flap wheels, which may have a cylindrical or profiled surface. Since profiled flap wheels are designed to handle surfaces with a specific curvature, cylindrical flap wheels are more universal and more often used. The main task of technological operation of grinding the complex surfaces is to ensure a same removal over the entire part surface. In this paper, an analytical study of the interaction features of the flaps of the cylindrical flap wheel along the width of the flap wheel when grinding the surfaces of double curvature is carried out. The analysis of possibilities for leveling the degree of influence of the flaps of the cylindrical flap wheel on the treated surface by re-overlapping the processing surface to ensure uniformity of grinding is carried out. A variant of grinding the surfaces of outer-forming parts with a cylindrical flap wheel with overlapping passages, which provides uniform treatment of the surface of double curvature, is proposed.
Variations in health of piezoelectric elements of the Common Rail electric hydraulic nozzles in the operating conditions
Authors: Krivtsov S N , Krivtsova T I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article discusses operational reliability of piezoelectric elements of the Common Rail electric hydraulic nozzles. Attention is paid to the piezoelectric element’s health and its influence on the output injector parameters. It was assumed that capacity of the piezoelectric packet can be used as a diagnostic parameter. The studies carried out in the operating conditions identified failures of some elements of the electro-hydraulic nozzles, patterns of variations in capacity of the piezoelectric packet exposed to short or long-lasting heat treatment. Based on the data obtained, conclusions about the frequency of monitoring of the piezoelectric element’s health were drawn.
Development of electric power systems based on the use of intelligent technologies
Authors: Burda Y D , Kosygina A V , Volkova I O , Gorgisheli M V , Yakovleva A Y , Suslov K V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The development of retail electricity markets was specific in different countries. There is an important condition for further development of an electric power system with active consumers and prosumers’ participation and the integration of renewable energy sources (RES), other innovative technologies and smart solutions. This study is aimed at observation of tracks of development and of retail electricity market characteristics in some countries through introducing a uniform framework for comparison. The results can help both experts and authorities to better understand the tasks and the conditions for the processes of energy transition.
Increasing the energy efficiency of the industrial enterprise technological and mechanical equipment due to the use of converter steam
Authors: Osintsev K V , Shishkov A N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the possibility of using converter steam to improve energy efficiency. The development of the authors will improve the performance of technological equipment in mechanical engineering. The problem of inefficient use of heat and loss of energy exists at mechanical engineering enterprises. In addition, environmental safety must be ensured at a high technological level. The above scientific problems are solved in this article by the authors. To solve the set tasks, scientific methods are used related to the generalization of data sets, their processing and the construction of an optimization model. In addition, variants of technical solutions at the enterprises of the energy industry are shown. To determine the long-term direction of increasing the energy efficiency of the facility, it is necessary to conduct a comparative analysis of the options. We have analyzed the use of converter steam for heating process equipment. It can be concluded that the method has mainly strengths, but since steam production has an almost constant cycle, the use of this method will not have a positive effect on eliminating problems. Prospects for using the technological solutions developed by the authors are associated with their practical application at metallurgy and mechanical engineering enterprises. It should be noted that the authors were the first to propose such a method for utilizing heat.
Impact of dangling bonds on properties of h-BN
Authors: Turiansky Mark E , Van de Walle Chris G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride is a promising host for quantum defects, with several single-photon emitters having been observed. In the visible spectrum, the observed single-photon emitters are notoriously heterogeneous, exhibiting a range of properties. To harness these emitters for quantum applications, identification and characterization of the responsible defects are of paramount importance. Towards this end, we characterize the effects of out-of-plane displacements on boron dangling bonds, which have been suggested as the microscopic origin of the emission. We find that the out-of-plane displacements influence the zero-phonon line energy as well as the coupling to phonons. We compute the radiative lifetime of the emission, which is in agreement with the experimental value.
Near-infrared emitting graphene quantum dots synthesized from reduced graphene oxide for in vitro/in vivo/ex vivo bioimaging applications
Authors: Hasan Md Tanvir , Lee Bong Han , Lin Ching-Wei , McDonald-Boyer Ainsley , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Roberto , Vasireddy Satvik , Tsedev Uyanga , Coffer Jeffery , Belcher Angela M , Naumov Anton V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) emissive nanomaterials are desired for bioimaging and drug delivery applications due to the high tissue penetration depth of NIR light, enabling in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo fluorescence tracking. Considering the scarcity of NIR-fluorescing biocompatible nanostructures, we have for the first-time synthesized nanometer-sized reduced graphene oxide-derived graphene quantum dots (RGQDs) with NIR (950 nm) emission highly biocompatible in vitro with no preliminary toxic response in vivo. RGQDs are obtained in a high-yield (∼90%) top-down sodium hypochlorite/ultraviolet-driven synthetic process from non-emissive micron-sized reduced graphene oxide (RGO) flakes. This oxidation of RGO yields quantum dots with an average size of 3.54 ± 0.05 nm and a highly crystalline graphitic lattice structure with distinguishable lattice fringes. RGQDs exhibit excitation-independent emission in the visible and NIR-I region with a maximum NIR quantum yield of ∼7%. Unlike their parent material, RGQDs show substantial biocompatibility with ∼75%–80% cell viability up to high (1 mg ml−1) concentrations verified via both MTT and luminescence-based cytotoxicity assays. Tracked in vitro via their NIR fluorescence, RGQDs exhibit efficient internalization in HeLa cells maximized at 12 h with further anticipated excretion. In vivo, RGQDs introduced intravenously to NCr nude mice allow for fluorescence imaging in live sedated animals without the need in sacrificing those at imaging time points. Their distribution in spleen, kidneys, liver, and intestine assessed from NIR fluorescence in live mice, is further confirmed by excised organ analysis and microscopy of organ tissue slices. This outlines the potential of novel RGQDs as NIR imaging probes suitable for tracking therapeutic delivery in live animal models. A combination of smaller size, water-solubility, bright NIR emission, simple/scalable synthesis, and high biocompatibility gives RGQDs a critical advantage over a number of existing nanomaterials-based imaging platforms.
Demonstration that Newtonian gravity moves at the speed of light and not instantaneously (infinite speed) as thought!
Authors: Haug Espen Gaarder 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we will demonstrate, based on reasoning as well as mathematical evidence and experimental observations, why Newtonian gravity moves at the speed of light and is not, as previously thought, instantaneous. The misunderstanding that Newtonian gravity is instantaneous has constrained our progress in understanding gravity to its full extent. We will show that all of Newton’s gravitational phenomena contain the Planck length and the speed of gravity; this speed of gravity is identical to the speed of light. A series of gravitational phenomena that are considered to be non-Newtonian and most often explained by the theory of general relativity actually contain no information about the speed of gravity. However, all observable gravitational phenomena which we will look at here can be predicted from the Planck length and the speed of gravity alone, and we can easily extract both of them from gravitational phenomena with no knowledge of any physics constants. In addition, we can also measure the speed of light from electromagnetic phenomena and then extract the Planck length from any of Newton’s gravitational phenomena with no knowledge of G or

ℏ

.
The Lincolnshire Rebellion of 1470 Revisited
Authors: Tucker Penny 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Lincolnshire rebellion of 1470 lasted little more than a week, ending in the rout of the rebels by the king, Edward IV. Despite its extreme brevity, it was important, as it spelled the end of any hope of a reconciliation between the king and the man who hitherto been his leading supporter, the earl of Warwick (‘the Kingmaker’). The rebellion is generally believed to have been instigated, or at least exploited once it had begun, by Warwick with the aim of replacing King Edward with his younger brother, the duke of Clarence. The argument of this article is that historians have been led astray by an apparently authoritative royalist account of events, supported by what purports to be the confession of the rebel leader, but is not. Using other evidence it can be demonstrated that, of the several possible interpretations of the causes of the rebellion, the presently dominant one is the least likely to be correct. The interpretation of what happened that best fits the evidence is that the king exploited, and may even have himself provoked, the rebellion. His attitude towards the earlier attempt at a reconciliation with Warwick and Clarence helps to explain why he experienced so many problems in the first decade of his reign.
Hymenolepis diminuta-based helminth therapy in C3(1)-TAg mice does not alter breast tumor onset or progression
Authors: Sauer Scott , Beinart Dylan , Finn Sade M B , Kumar Sereena L , Cheng Qing , Hwang Shelley E , Parker William , Devi Gayathri R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background and objectives
An individual’s risk of breast cancer is profoundly affected by evolutionary mismatch. Mismatches in Western society known to increase the risk of breast cancer include a sedentary lifestyle and reproductive factors. Biota alteration, characterized by a loss of biodiversity from the ecosystem of the human body as a result of Western society, is a mismatch known to increase the risk of a variety of inflammation-related diseases, including colitis-associated colon cancer. However, the effect of biota alteration on breast cancer has not been evaluated.

Methodology
In this study, we utilized the C3(1)-TAg mouse model of breast cancer to evaluate the role of biota alteration in the development of breast cancer. This model has been used to recapitulate the role of exercise and pregnancy in reducing the risk of breast cancer. C3(1)-TAg mice were treated with Hymenolepis diminuta, a benign helminth that has been shown to reverse the effects of biota alteration in animal models.

Results
No effect of the helminth H. diminuta was observed. Neither the latency nor tumor growth was affected by the therapy, and no significant effects on tumor transcriptome were observed based on RNAseq analysis.

Conclusions and implications
These findings suggest that biota alteration, although known to affect a variety of Western-associated diseases, might not be a significant factor in the high rate of breast cancer observed in Western societies.

Lay summary
An almost complete loss of intestinal worms in high-income countries has led to increases in allergic disorders, autoimmune conditions, and perhaps colon cancer. However, in this study, results using laboratory mice suggest that loss of intestinal worms might not be associated with breast cancer.
The link between regional temperature and regional incomes: econometric evidence with sub-national data
Authors: Greßer Christina , Meierrieks Daniel , Stadelmann David 
Published: February 2021

summary
We study the link between temperature and economic development at the sub-national level, employing cross-sectional data from two distinct sources. In contrast to much of the existing cross-country literature on the temperature–income relationship, our setting allows for the inclusion of country-fixed effects. Once we account for country-fixed effects, we do not find a statistically robust relationship between regional temperature and three different measures of regional economic development (per capita GDP, nightlights and gross cell production). We also test whether temperature is non-linearly related to regional income (with hotter regions being potentially particularly prone to adverse effects of temperature on income) but find no systematic evidence in favour of such a relationship. Finally, we examine whether the effect of temperature on economic development is especially pronounced in poorer regions (e.g., due to weaker adaptation). Again, we find no statistically robust link.
A study on evaluation systems for optimized design GSHP and ES technologies used in HVAC systems
Authors: Zhou Ruifang , Gong Dejian , Zhu Shengjie , Ma Jianchao , Chen Jiufa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to the lack of suitable evaluation systems for heating, ventilation, air-conditioning (HVAC) systems with ground source heat pump (GSHP) and energy storage (ES) technologies, it is difficult to design a building HVAC system to achieve optimized design with regard to investment cost, energy saving and environmental protection. This is a study on developing a fuzzy evaluation system by including GSHP and ES with comprehensively determined weights into an HVAC system. A questionnaire method was used and the answers from 21 HVAC experts were analyzed to facilitate the modeling. Taking a commercial integrated project in Nanjing as an engineering case, the evaluation system was tested. If the system with a comprehensive merit value of 0.303 is adopted, the annual operating cost is reduced by 32.5%, the annual total life cycle cost is reduced by 26.5% and the primary energy consumption and carbon emissions are reduced by 10.5%, with the initial investment increased by 6.5%. This study revealed that the newly developed evaluation system is very useful for realizing the optimal design of HVAC systems.
Selective genotyping and phenotypic data inclusion strategies of crossbred progeny for combined crossbred and purebred selection in swine breeding
Authors: See Garrett M , Mote Benny E , Spangler Matthew L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Inclusion of crossbred (CB) data into traditionally purebred (PB) genetic evaluations has been shown to increase the response in CB performance. Currently, it is unrealistic to collect data on all CB animals in swine production systems, thus, a subset of CB animals must be selected to contribute genomic/phenotypic information. The aim of this study was to evaluate selective genotyping strategies in a simulated 3-way swine crossbreeding scheme. The swine crossbreeding scheme was simulated and produced 3-way CB animals for 6 generations with 3 distinct PB breeds each with 25 and 175 mating males and females, respectively. F1 crosses (400 mating females) produced 4,000 terminal CB progeny which were subjected to selective genotyping. The genome consisted of 18 chromosomes with 1,800 QTL and 72k SNP markers. Selection was performed using estimated breeding values (EBV) for CB performance. It was assumed that both PB and CB performance was moderately heritable (h2=0.4). Several scenarios altering the genetic correlation between PB and CB performance (rpc=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7,or 0.9) were considered. CB animals were chosen based on phenotypes to select 200, 400, or 800 CB animals to genotype per generation. Selection strategies included: (1) Random: random selection, (2) Top: highest phenotype, (3) Bottom: lowest phenotype, (4) Extreme: half highest and half lowest phenotypes, and (5) Middle: average phenotype. Each selective genotyping strategy, except for Random, was considered by selecting animals in half-sib (HS) or full-sib (FS) families. The number of PB animals with genotypes and phenotypes each generation was fixed at 1,680. Each unique genotyping strategy and rpc scenario was replicated 10 times. Selection of CB animals based on the Extreme strategy resulted in the highest (P &lt; 0.05) rates of genetic gain in CB performance (ΔG) when rpc&lt;0.9. For highly correlated traits (rpc=0.9) selective genotyping did not impact (P &gt; 0.05) ΔG. No differences (P &gt; 0.05) were observed in ΔG between top, bottom, or middle when rpc&gt;0.1. Higher correlations between true breeding values (TBV) and EBV were observed using Extreme when rpc&lt;0.9. In general, family sampling method did not impact ΔG or the correlation between TBV and EBV. Overall, the Extreme genotyping strategy produced the greatest genetic gain and the highest correlations between TBV and EBV, suggesting that 2-tailed sampling of CB animals is the most informative when CB performance is the selection goal.
EU General Court says that there is no likelihood of confusion between EU collective trade mark ‘HALLOUMI’ and ‘BBQLOUMI’
Authors: Malovic Nedim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
EU General Court, Foundation for the Protection of the Traditional Cheese of Cyprus named Halloumi v European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), T-328/17, EU: T:2021:16, 20 January 2021
Kentucky Soybean Farmers’ Supportiveness of Two Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management Tactics
Authors: Penn Hannah J , Penn Jerrod , Cunningham-Minnick Michael , Hu Wuyang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Beneficial insect conservation in agriculture is often studied in the context of integrated pest management (IPM). For instance, vegetative field edges provide habitat and changing the timing of insecticidal sprays decreases risk for pollinators and natural enemies of insect pests. However, the attitudes and confidence of U.S. growers towards IPM implementation in traditional row crops remain understudied. We developed an online survey using a convenience sample and surveyed Kentucky soybean growers to understand their current pest and general management practices, beliefs about sources of insect pests/weeds, and attitudes towards pollinators. We also asked about their willingness to implement two management tactics—maintaining tree-lined field edges and changing the timing of their combination insecticide/fungicide sprays to avoid flowering. Our data indicate that many Kentucky soybean growers already use crop rotation, no-till soil management, and limit insecticide application based on high pest abundance. When asked about their management of field edges, the most common responses included removal of trees/shrubs, mowing, or herbicide application. Growers also believed that nationally, farmers can influence pollinator populations and that a portion of the soybean yield is due to pollinator activity within crop fields. However, they were less willing to maintain tree lines as a habitat for natural enemies and pollinators out of concern for the increased spread of weeds and insect pests. Given these findings, we need to evaluate the perceived and actual trade-offs of weed and insect pest management in future on-farm conservation efforts for beneficial insects such as pollinators using integrated pest and pollinator management.
Identification and Biology of Common Caterpillars in U.S. Soybean
Authors: Hodgson Erin W , Koch Robert L , Davis Jeffrey A , Reisig Dominic , Paula-Moraes Silvana V 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoybean is an established crop with a high production value in the United States. The insects that utilize soybean as a food source have changed drastically over the last 20 yr. Much of the extension literature summarizing pest species distribution and abundance is out of date. This article provides profiles for five common soybean caterpillars, including description, life cycle, and injury to plants.
First Recorded Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Infestation in the Southern United States
Authors: Coyle David R , Trotter R Talbot , Bean Meredith S , Pfister Scott E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Asian longhorned beetle [Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), ALB] was found in Hollywood, SC, in May 2020. This infestation is at least 7-yr old and represents the southernmost infestation in North America. A federally regulated invasive forest and tree pest, ALB primarily attacks maples but is known to attack and reproduce in trees in at least 12 different genera. Damage observed in South Carolina is typical of that seen in other ALB infestations, including oviposition sites, splitting bark around larval feeding sites, and round holes made by emerging adults. Copious weeping from oviposition sites was commonly observed in the summer of 2020, and characteristic frass and wood shavings were commonly exuded from attacked trees. Federal and state regulatory officials established a 152 km2 (58.6 mi2) regulated area in October—which the state increased to 188.0 km2 (72.6 mi2) in January—and to date &gt;4,000 trees (98% Acer spp.) infested with ALB have been identified. Several uncertainties regarding ALB’s biology and ecology exist due to this area’s subtropical climate, including impacts to the beetle’s life cycle. Questions also surround potential biological control agents in this area and whether new host trees would be utilized. While the standard eradication strategy of tree removal and chipping is being performed, there are several forested wetlands and areas otherwise inaccessible to typical removal equipment where alternate eradication strategies may need to be developed and deployed. Because this ALB infestation is located within a novel environment, it provides an opportunity to research new strategies that will help improve future detection and eradication efforts.