bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size-Dependent Effects in the Modified Green–Lindsay Thermoelasticity Model: Analysis of Ultrashort Pulse Interactions in the Presence of Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Mirparizi Mina , Mohammadian Masoud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study provides a more detailed model for wave transmission and reflection in a complex thermodynamic framework. The governing equations are developed from multiphase electromagnetic size-dependent thermoelasticity models. The main focus here is on the development of the Modified-Green Lindsay nonlocal generalized thermoelasticity model that improves previous nonlocal approaches by incorporating additional strain and temperature rate terms. This study also examines how materials react to very short pulses and the effect of external electric and magnetic fields. The highly developed nonlinear equations in this study are solved using advanced programming techniques, including an iterative approach that combines finite element methods with a Newmark time-marching scheme. The results of this work established the nonlocal heat conduction theory of generalized thermoelasticity along with nonlocal continuum theory as a new improvement and progress in the field of thermoelasticity. This model shows that without considering thermal nonlocality interactions, predictions may miss essential aspects of wave behavior. The results show that the materials experience changes in mechanical properties, particularly an increase in hardness, when exposed to stronger magnetic fields. In addition, the results show that as the duration of laser pulses decreases, the speed of wave propagation increases. Shortening the pulse duration increases the wave propagation speed, which can create steep thermal gradients. In the case of pure metals heated by ultra-short pulse lasers, the fast electron heat conduction prevents the formation of significant thermal waves, while these pulses induce more intense and localized thermal stresses. Analysis of wave propagation also shows that the return time can exceed the forward time as the waves react to applied electric and magnetic fields.
Influence of chromium doping on structural, microstructure, optical and electrical properties of zinc ferrite.
Authors: Wani S. M. , Kotkar M. T. , Vidhate R. G. , Bhandari J. M. , Jadhav K. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Zinc ferrite with crystalline nature with the formula ZnFe2-xCrxO4, (x =0.0 to 0.4, in the step of 0.1) were produced utilizing a sol-gel auto-combustion approach taking Glycine (C2H5NO2) as a chelating agent and annealed at 800°C for 5h. XRD analysis revealed the presence of α-Fe2O3 as an extra peak. The lattice parameter reduces from 8.4423 Å to 8.4191 Å as the chromium content increases. The FTIR spectroscopy results exhibit two significant absorption bands approximately at 400 cm⁻¹ and 600 cm⁻¹ Indicating the successful formation of the spinel crystal structure in the synthesized sample. Debye temperature elevated from 670.95 K to 696.15 K with Cr3+ doping. Elastic constants also increase with Cr3+ doping. The band gap energy, determined using Tauc plots, varies between 2.05 eV to 2.25 eV. The DC resistivity plot exhibited semiconducting behavior. Resistivity increases with Cr3+ doping concentration. A linear inverse correlation was observed between the Curie temperature and the concentration of Cr3+ ions. With increasing chromium content, the activation energy (ΔE) exhibited a positive trend from 0.26 eV to 0.39 eV, while the charge carrier concentration (n), drift mobility (µd), and diffusion coefficient (D) demonstrated inverse relationships. The obtained structural, elastic, optical and DC electrical data is useful for high-frequency device applications.
Optimization of indium concentration and compositional grading in InGaN heterojunction solar cells by SCAPS-1D simulation
Authors: Omar Mohammed Kakasur , Manzoor Habib Ullah , Ng Sha Shiong , Mohd Rashid Mohd Marzaini , Pakhuruddin Mohd Zamir 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) thin-film solar cells exhibit exceptional potential for photovoltaic (PV) applications due to their tunable bandgap (0.7–3.4 eV) and high absorption coefficient (>105 cm−1). Using SCAPS-1D simulation, this study demonstrates that incorporating compositional grading in the InGaN absorber layer significantly enhances the solar cells performance. Graded InGaN solar cells with optimized Indium (In) concentration achieve superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to ungraded cells. The optimal graded structure, with an In concentration of 0.7, achieves PCE of 36.08%, current density (Jsc) of 23.52 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.66 V, and fill factor (FF) of 92.1%. In contrast, the ungraded cell exhibits PCE of 34.83%, Jsc of 22.8 mA cm−2, Voc of 1.66 V, and FF of 91.87%. These findings underscore the efficacy of compositional grading in advancing high-efficiency InGaN solar cells.
Molecular dynamics study on the influence of loading mode on deformation behavior of Ni/Al nano-laminated composite
Authors: Pang Weiwei , Yang Kai , Han Fangyuan , Wei Chenao , Liu Aosong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Molecular dynamics investigated the influence of loading mode on deformation behavior of Ni/Al nano-laminated composite. Mechanical properties are significantly dependent on the angles between loading axis and heterogeneous interface. Yield strength of inclined sample is the lowest, but yield strain is the highest. Tensile strength of parallel sample with lowest angle is the highest, and that of samples with higher angle is significantly lower. Inclined sample has moderate tensile strength and the highest tensile ductility. In samples with higher angle, lattice dislocations explosively nucleate in softer layer around interface, while in samples with lower angle, they nucleate at interface nodes. Interface in samples with higher angle has stronger hindering effect on continuous sliding of dislocation through interface than that in samples with lower angle. Stress component along sliding direction on slip plane and the angle between sliding direction of activated dislocation and the direction interfacial misfit dislocation line well quantify the activation of slip system and damage of heterogeneous interface, respectively. Total dislocation density in sample with higher angle is higher among all samples. Furthermore, density peak value of stair-rod dislocation in samples with higher angle is the highest, density peak values of Frank and Hirth dislocations in samples with lower angle are the highest. In samples with higher angle, voids first appear in the slice of Al layer below interface, voids originate from the junction point among three activated slip planes, and void morphologies present sphere-like. In samples with lower angle, voids first appear in the slice of interface, voids originate from the interaction position between lattice dislocations and interfacial misfit dislocations, and void morphology presents strip-like.
CAMO-S: A Meteor-tracking Spectrograph at the Canadian Automated Meteor Observatory
Authors: Mazur Michael J. , Campbell-Brown Margaret , Brown Peter G. , Vida Denis , Gural Pete , Yang Zhangqing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Canadian Automated Meteor Observatory (CAMO) mirror tracking system has been in operation since 2009 and has, to date, produced more than 20,000 two-station meteor observations at meter-level spatial and 10 ms temporal resolution. In 2020, a spectral tracking camera was added in parallel at one of the CAMO stations. To date, it has recorded the spectra of hundreds of faint meteors. Engineering testing from 2020 to 2023 resulted in the selection of a 150 lpmm grating and an EMCCD camera to achieve a spectral resolution of about 1 nm pixel−1 in the final configuration. The CAMO spectral system can resolve spectra from individual meteoroid fragments, record spectra for meteors of +2 peak magnitude to as faint as +4 in parts of the lightcurve and produce relative abundance estimates for Mg, Fe and Na. Our preliminary results also show identification of the H and K lines of CA(II). Meteors with strong iron lines were found to have unusual fragmentation behaviour, involving gross fragmentation rather than continuously shedding small particles. The spectra of individual fragments can be resolved in some cases, showing that these Fe-rich objects do not differ in composition among fragments. Our calibration procedure and hardware configuration are discussed together with preliminary results.
O’Connell Effect and Period Variations on Solar-like Contact Binary EF Boo
Authors: Wang Jing-Jing , Guo Meng , Tian Xiao-Man , Zhang Bin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Using ground-based telescopes, the multi-color photometric observations of the contact binary EF Boo were obtained in 2020, 2023, and 2024. Combining these with 7-sectors of light curves from TESS data, the variations of the O'Connell effect in continuous time and shapes of light curves over several years were identified. Three sets of typical light curves were analyzed to determine the photometric solutions via the Wilson–Devinney program. Considering the spectroscopic mass ratio of q = 0.53, these photometric solutions suggest that EF Boo is a W-type W UMa contact binary with the averaged filling factor of f = 22.26%, a small temperature difference, and a cool spot on the primary component. If the variations of the O'Connell effect are due to the magnetic activity of this cool spot, the longitudinal location varied from 50

.

°

4 to 302

.

°

7 over the time interval of 1434 days. Based on all CCD minimum times from ground-based telescope and TESS data, the O − C curve was also analyzed. A cyclic oscillation (A
3 = 0.00575 days, T
3 = 27.8 yr) superimposed on a secular increase (dP/dt = 6.74 × 10−8 day yr−1) was discovered for the first time. The successive increase is possibly a result of mass transfer from the less massive star to the more massive one. The cyclic oscillations were possibly explained by the light-travel time effect via a third body or the magnetic activities. From the short cadence observations from TESS, we also calculated the value of the O'Connell effect and O − C value for each cycle and found no correlation between the O'Connell effect and O − C over nearly 30 days across different sectors.
Effect of Styrene Concentration on Tensile Properties of Styrene-Acrylate Films
Authors: Eyann L. , Rashid S. M. , Musa M. S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to an increasing awareness of environmental protection, waterborne coatings have replaced solvent-borne ones. The waterborne styrene-acrylate dispersion was successfully synthesized using emulsion polymerization. In this work, the emulsion was composed of Butyl Acrylate (BA) and Styrene (Sty) at different ratios. FTIR spectra confirmed the successful copolymerization of BA and Sty. Additionally, it was observed that all emulsions exhibited a consistent hydrodynamic diameter (120 nm to 140 nm), polydispersity index (between 0.030 and 0.050), and zeta potential (-40 mV to -60 mV). Thus, the BA/St ratio did not impact particle growth during emulsion polymerization. Furthermore, an increase in Sty concentration raised the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the films from 10.8 °C to 30.8 °C. This is attributed to Sty being a high Tg polymer, contributing to a rigid monomer that could enhance rigidity and restrict the movement of polymer chains. Additionally, the tensile strength of the dispersion films increased with the increase in Sty concentration, from 3.01 MPa to 5.88 MPa. Interestingly, the elongation at break did not significantly change as the St concentration increased, dropping by 15%. The investigation to aid in establishing relationships between the monomer concentration and mechanical properties of styrene-acrylate films.
Preliminary Investigation of Dust Generation in Granite Quarry
Authors: Saka Mumini Babatunde , Hashim Mohd Hazizan Mohd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dust dispersion from granite surface quarries substantially influences the health of workers and nearby neighbourhoods. A preliminary study was conducted at a granite quarry to investigate the factors that contribute to the emission of dust in granite surface quarries and to develop effective dust control measures. The particulate matter from areas within the site was measured using a Handheld Laser Particle Counter Model 3887. The preliminary results revealed the presence of PM0.3, PM0.5, and PM5.0 at their least value of 4.85×107µm/m3, 1.18×107µm/m3, and 2.83×104µm/m3 respectively. While, the highest value ranges of 6.22×107µm/m3, 7.68×106µm/m3, and 9.89×103µm/m3 respectively, and is considered to be beyond hazardous. The preliminary readings indicate that the air quality is extremely poor and that there is a high risk of health problems, even for healthy people. The initial results of this study suggest that dust generation in granite surface quarries is a complex process influenced by various factors, including the type of rock being quarried, the blasting methods used, and the prevailing meteorological conditions. To better understand the factors that contribute to dust generation and to devise effective dust control measures, additional research is required.
Adsorption of Acetaminophen onto activated carbon derived from corn cobs: Optimizations by using response surface methodology
Authors: Ramli M.R.M. , Shoparwe N.F. , Ahmad M.A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Acetaminophen (ACN) is widely used for analgesic with antipyretic and analgesics applications. The presence of ACN in the aquatic environment contributes towards the degradation of the aromatic ring of carbon, which harms human health and the ecosystem. This research aims to optimize the preparation condition of corn cob based activated carbon (CCAC) for adsorption of acetaminophen (ACN) by employing response surface methodology (RSM). The faced centered central composite design (CCD) was used to study the correlation between CCAC preparation conditions and ACN removal, and CCAC’s yield. The preparation conditions of CCAC are radiation power (X1), activation time (X2) and impregnation ratio, IR (X3). The optimal preparation conditions for CCAC were 264 W, 2 minutes, and 2.5 g/g for X1, X2, and X3, respectively.
Determination of Depositional Environment and Coal Rank of Seam C Sawahlunto Formation, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Rahman HA , Aminuddin MIKA , Puspita R , Novendra MP 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Sawahlunto Formation is a coal-rich geological formation in the Ombilin Basin, located in central Sumatera. It contains three main coal seams, designated as Seams A, B, and C, with Seam C known for its high-quality coal. The study involved analyzing coal samples from Seam C using petrographic and proximate analysis methods. Petrographic analysis assessed the macroscopic composition and vitrinite reflectance, which are essential for determining the depositional environment and coal rating. Proximate analysis provided additional data necessary for evaluating the coal’s quality. The coal was predominantly composed of vitrinite (79.2%-80.6%) and inertinite (19.2%-20.8%). Plots of the Tissue Preservation Index (TPI) and Gelification Index (GI) indicated a limno-telmatic depositional environment. Vitrinite reflectance ranged from 0.45%-0.51%, classifying the coal as sub-bituminous. The calorific values were 15,117.2 btu/lb and 14,815.94 btu/lb, categorizing the coal as highly volatile bituminous.
Comparative Analysis of Image Processing Technique in Determining the New Crescent Moon Visibility
Authors: Nasir Ahmad Lutfi Afifi Mohd , Umar Roslan , Yussof Wan Nural Jawahir Wan , Ahmad Nazhatulshima , Sabri Nor Hazmin , Zulkeflee Ahmad Najmuddin , Kamarulzaman Amirul Hazim , Mahiddin Nor Aida 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research presents a comparative analysis of advanced image processing techniques to enhance the visibility of the new crescent moon, a crucial element in astronomy and the lunar calendar. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of Contrast Adjustment (CA), Histogram Equalization (HE), Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), and Gamma Correction (GC) in improving new crescent moon visibility. The study utilized a comprehensive dataset of new crescent moon images captured on various dates and times, with each image undergoing a specific image processing technique. The findings revealed that CLAHE markedly outperforms the other methods, offering superior contrast enhancement and detailed visibility. This suggests that CLAHE is the most proficient technique for augmenting new crescent moon visibility, thereby providing critical insights for future astronomical observations and practical applications. The research significantly advances the refinement of new crescent moon observation techniques, contributing to both scientific understanding and the enhancement of practical implementation in the field.
The Impact of Light Pollution on Night Sky at the Potential Astrotourism Site in Johor Bahru: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Hailmy Nur Amy Syahira Mohd , Musa Aimi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Astrotourism represents a substantial trend in sustainable tourism, where the primary resource is a starry sky with minimal light pollution. However, the escalating issue of light pollution currently undermines astronomers’ observations and the experience of astrotourists seeking clear views of the sky. Hence, this study aims to assess the impact of light pollution in one of the potential astrotourism sites at SIREH Park, Johor Bahru, by measuring the night sky’s brightness. The Sky Quality Metre-LE measures the sky’s brightness at five stations in Zone 1. The results of this study indicate that the magnitude of night sky brightness varied between 16.23 mag/arcsec2 (Station 4) and 17.24 mag/arcsec2 (Station 1). However, astronomical activities can still be conducted in SIREH Park and can be a platform to educate the public and tourists about the sky brightness and light pollution. Overall, the study provides value as it demonstrates the complex dynamics of light pollution and highlights the importance of considering multiple factors when making analyses.
Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)-Based GIC Prediction Using dB/dt as a Proxy
Authors: Zainuddin Aznilinda , Hairuddin Muhammad Asraf , Latiff Zatul Iffah Abd , Benavides Felipe , Jusoh Mohamad Huzaimy , Yassin Ahmad Ihsan Mohd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) pose a significant threat to power systems during geomagnetic storms. This work introduces a GRU approach for GICs forecasting based on the rate of change of the geomagnetic field, dB/dt at two low-latitude stations, Muntinlupa (MUT) and Guam (GUA). The performances of the model were evaluated based on the data collected from the Solar Cycle 23 (SC23) as training data, and Solar Cycle 24 (SC24) at the validation stage. The GRU model demonstrated good predictive accuracy with low RMSE values, particularly for MUT model (RMSE = 0.00917). MUT shows higher predictive accuracy and generalizability across MUT station itself and GUA station. This work underlines the potential of GRU models for GIC prediction, providing a foundation for more robust forecasting tools to mitigate the impacts of geomagnetic disturbances on power systems.
Reassessing hourly precipitation–temperature scaling: the diurnal cycle in a warming China
Authors: Lei Miao , Wang Shanshan , Huang Jianping , Wang Zhiyang , Li Xiaoping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hourly extreme precipitation is expected to intensify with global warming following a Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) relationship. While extensive research has investigated the relationship between hourly precipitation and temperature, inconsistencies in this relationship across the diurnal cycle affect all-hours scaling. This study uses hourly gauge observations and reanalysis data from mainland China to analyze the scaling and explore its diurnal cycle for the first time. Our results reveal that 88.7% of the stations exhibit super-CC scaling, which is significantly underestimated by reanalysis data. Notably, the scaling shows a pronounced diurnal cycle and exceeds all-hour scaling, indicating that the mix of precipitation from different hours ultimately affects the overall scaling results. Over a 39 year period, changes in extreme precipitation intensity were closely aligned with dew-point temperatures throughout the diurnal cycle in inland regions. The above results provide a valuable insight into the shift of extreme precipitation to morning/night in some regions under climate change.
The impact of a weakened AMOC on European heatwaves
Authors: Meccia Virna L , Simolo Claudia , Bellomo Katinka , Corti Susanna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In our changing climate we expect an increase in the frequency of heatwaves, which are extreme events that can have severe consequences for human health, ecosystems, and economies. In this study, we examine how the weakening of the atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) may influence the occurrence of extreme warm events in Europe. Our analysis is based on a series of numerical experiments conducted using the EC-Earth3 climate model, which includes three ensembles of 20 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project-like members. The large ensemble size makes these simulations well-suited to studying rare extreme events. Our findings reveal that during boreal summer, the Northern hemisphere (NH) experiences overall mean cooling, most pronounced in the North Atlantic region. Therefore, the extreme warm events in Europe identified by using a fixed threshold tend to be less frequent. However, the cooling pattern reduces the meridional gradient of near-surface air temperature at high latitudes of the NH. As a result, the speed of the summer jet stream decreases, while the frequency of Ural atmospheric blocking events increases. Atmospheric blocking in summer is closely linked to heatwaves, primarily through subsidence warming and enhanced downward shortwave radiation under clear sky conditions. Consequently, the weakening of the AMOC leads to an increased frequency of heatwaves in Eastern Europe, the only region that presents this opposite trend. This study highlights the significant role that three-dimensional ocean circulation plays in shaping weather patterns, including extreme events such as heatwaves in Europe. These findings have important implications for future climate projections, as the AMOC is expected to weaken by the end of this century. Thus, as the Earth continues to warm, we may face an increased risk of heatwaves due to the combined effects of global warming and a weakening AMOC.
Strategizing for the Climate Change Impact on Aspiring Geopark Ranau at Geosite Gua Kelambit
Authors: Setiawan Budhi , Idarwati  , Harnani  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The management of geopark, from individual geosites to entire landscapes, faces issues due to climate change, which impacts all regions of the world. The primary direct impacts will occur due to climate changes affecting geomorphological processes and vegetation cover. Meanwhile, the indirect impacts will originate from implementing complicated engineering solutions to reduce risks posed by natural catastrophes. We applied a comprehensive framework that outlines essential procedures for stakeholders interested in the geosite, especially at Gua Kelambit, one of the proposed geosite at Aspiring Geopark Ranau. The foundation of our method lies in evaluating the risk of degradation of geosites and their characteristics and processes due to the probability of climate change inAluencing them and the projected magnitude of consequences. Three factors determine the likelihood of degradation of a geosite, feature, or process:(i) its geographic location and proximity to geomorphological systems that are prone to dynamic responses to climate changes;(ii) the extent, speed, and duration of these changes; and (iii) inherent factors such as the geological and physical properties of the site and its features and processes. The range of management choices varies from non-intervention to planned actions guided by the degradation risk assessment.