bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment resistance in psychiatry: state of the art and new directions
Authors: Howes Oliver D. , Thase Michael E. , Pillinger Toby 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTreatment resistance affects 20–60% of patients with psychiatric disorders; and is associated with increased healthcare burden and costs up to ten-fold higher relative to patients in general. Whilst there has been a recent increase in the proportion of psychiatric research focussing on treatment resistance (R2 = 0.71, p < 0.0001), in absolute terms this is less than 1% of the total output and grossly out of proportion to its prevalence and impact. Here, we provide an overview of treatment resistance, considering its conceptualisation, assessment, epidemiology, impact, and common neurobiological models. We also review new treatments in development and future directions. We identify 23 consensus guidelines on its definition, covering schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). This shows three core components to its definition, but also identifies heterogeneity and lack of criteria for a number of disorders, including panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance dependence. We provide a reporting check-list to aid comparisons across studies. We consider the concept of pseudo-resistance, linked to poor adherence or other factors, and provide an algorithm for the clinical assessment of treatment resistance. We identify nine drugs and a number of non-pharmacological approaches being developed for treatment resistance across schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and OCD. Key outstanding issues for treatment resistance include heterogeneity and absence of consensus criteria, poor understanding of neurobiology, under-investment, and lack of treatments. We make recommendations to address these issues, including harmonisation of definitions, and research into the mechanisms and novel interventions to enable targeted and personalised therapeutic approaches.
Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-263 overcomes hypoxia-driven radioresistence and improves radiotherapy
Authors: Ritter Violetta , Krautter Franziska , Klein Diana , Jendrossek Verena , Rudner Justine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHypoxia, a characteristic of most human solid tumors, is a major obstacle to successful radiotherapy. While moderate acute hypoxia increases cell survival, chronic cycling hypoxia triggers adaptation processes, leading to the clonal selection of hypoxia-tolerant, apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that exposure to acute and adaptation to chronic cycling hypoxia alters the balance of Bcl-2 family proteins in favor of anti-apoptotic family members, thereby elevating the apoptotic threshold and attenuating the success of radiotherapy. Of note, inhibition of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL by BH3-mimetic ABT-263 enhanced the sensitivity of HCT116 colon cancer and NCI-H460 lung cancer cells to the cytotoxic action of ionizing radiation. Importantly, we observed this effect not only in normoxia, but also in severe hypoxia to a similar or even higher extent. ABT-263 furthermore enhanced the response of xenograft tumors of control and hypoxia-selected NCI-H460 cells to radiotherapy, thereby confirming the beneficial effect of combined treatment in vivo. Targeting the Bcl-2 rheostat with ABT-263, therefore, is a particularly promising approach to overcome radioresistance of cancer cells exposed to acute or chronic hypoxia with intermittent reoxygenation. Moreover, we found intrinsic as well as ABT-263- and irradiation-induced regulation of Bcl-2 family members to determine therapy sensitivity. In this context, we identified Mcl-1 as a resistance factor that interfered with apoptosis induction by ABT-263, ionizing radiation, and combinatorial treatment. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular determinants of hypoxia-mediated resistance to apoptosis and radiotherapy and a rationale for future therapies of hypoxic and hypoxia-selected tumor cell fractions.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Molecular detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains and their antibiogram associated with risk factors from diarrheic calves in Jimma Ethiopia
Authors: Ali Destaw Asfaw , Tesema Tesfaye Sisay , Belachew Yosef Deneke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiarrheagenic Escherichia coli are a number of pathogenic E. coli strains that cause diarrheal infection both in animal and human hosts due to their virulence factors. A cross sectional study was conducted between November, 2016 and April, 2017 to isolate and molecularly detect pathogenic E. coli from diarrheic calves to determine the pathogenic strains, antibiogram and associated risk factors in Jimma town. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect 112 fecal samples from diarrheic calves. Conventional culture and biochemical methods were conducted to isolate E. coli isolates. Molecular method was followed to identify virulence factors of pathogenic E. coli strains. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the isolates were tested using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. A structured questionnaire was also used to collect information from dairy farms and socio-demographic data. The overall isolation rate of E. coli in calves was 51.8% (58/112) (95% CI 42.0–61.0). The occurrence of the bacterium differed significantly by age, colostrum feeding time, amount of milk given per time and navel treatment (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that the odds of being infected was significantly highest in calves which fed 1–1.5 L amount of milk per a time (OR 5.38, 95% CI 1.66–17.45, P = 0.005). The overall virulence genes detection rate was 53.5% (95% CI 40.0–67.0). Eleven (19.6%) of eaeA, 6 (10.7%) of Stx1 and 13 (23.2%) of Stx2 genes were detected from calves isolates. Except ciprofloxacillin, all isolates were resistant to at least one drug. Multi drug resistance was recorded in 68.0% (38/56) of calves isolates. Neomycin, 83.3% (25/30), followed by amoxicillin, 53.3% (16/30) were the highest resisted virulence genes. The study demonstrated considerable isolation rate, multiple antimicrobial resistant isolates and high resistant virulent genes in diarrheic calves. It also indicated that the potential importance of calves as source of pathogenic E. coli strains and resistant genes for human diarrhea infection. Improving the hygienic practice of farms and wise use of antimicrobials could help to reduce the occurrence of pathogenic E. coli in farms. Hence, further studies are needed to describe all virulent factors and serotypes associated with the emergence of drug resistant pathogenic E. coli strains in calves.
Transient absorption measurements of interlayer charge transfer in a WS2/GeS van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Deng Lier , Yuan Weihang , He Dawei , Liu Shuangyan , Du Yuxuan , Gong Lei , Liu Huan 
Published: July 2021

Differential reflection signal from WS2 monolayer (left) and WS2/GeS heterostructure (right) is measured. The shorter decay of the signal from heterostructure than that from WS2 ML provides convincing evidence of charge transfer between WS2 and GeS.
Orthographic Facilitation of Oral Vocabulary Acquisition in Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Salins Andrea , Leigh Greg , Cupples Linda , Castles Anne 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Learning spoken words can be challenging for children with hearing loss who communicate orally and who are known to have weaker oral vocabulary skills than age-matched children who hear. Since vocabulary skills play a crucial role in reading and literacy acquisition, and academic success, it is important to identify effective vocabulary acquisition strategies for children with hearing loss. The aim of this study was to examine whether the incidental presence of orthography can facilitate oral vocabulary learning in children with hearing loss and whether the benefits are greater than those found in hearing children.

Method
We taught novel picture–word pairs with or without spellings to 23 children with hearing loss and 23 age-matched controls, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years. Word learning was assessed using behavioral and eye tracking data from picture naming and picture–word matching tasks.

Results and Conclusions
Results revealed an orthographic facilitation effect on oral vocabulary learning in children with hearing loss, with benefits being maintained over a week. Importantly, children with hearing loss showed a greater benefit of orthography than age-matched hearing peers on the picture naming tests. The results of this study have important implications for classroom instruction and vocabulary instruction strategies for children with hearing loss.
Effect of Hearing Aid Technology Level and Individual Characteristics on Listener Outcome Measures
Authors: Plyler Patrick N. , Hausladen Jennifer , Capps Micaela , Cox Mary Alice 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to determine the effect of hearing aid technology level on listener outcome measures. In addition, we aimed to determine if individual characteristics such as noise acceptance and the demands of the listening environment impacted performance and preference.MethodA repeated-measures, single-blinded research design was utilized. Twenty-four adults recruited by mail from The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Audiology Clinic participated in this experiment (15 men and nine women). Participants completed two 2-week trial periods using Unitron T Moxi Fit FLEX:TRIAL devices programmed as basic or premium technology levels. A data-logging feature, Log It All (LIA), quantified the demands of the listening environment. At the end of each trial, outcome measures were obtained using Pascoe's High-Frequency Word List, the Hearing in Noise Test, the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test, the Acceptable Noise Level (ANL), the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing short form, satisfaction ratings, and preference.ResultsResults for ANL, satisfaction in large groups, and LIA total coverage were significantly improved for the premium devices. Participants who preferred the premium devices received significant improvement with premium devices on the ANL and the speech in small group and speech in large group satisfaction ratings, whereas participants who preferred the basic devices did not receive significant improvement with premium devices on any outcome measure. Participants in more demanding listening environments received significant improvement with premium devices on the ANL, whereas participants in less demanding listening environments did not receive significant improvement with premium devices on any outcome measure.ConclusionsGroup data revealed similar outcomes between technology levels on most measures; however, noise acceptance and satisfaction for speech in a large group were significantly improved when using the premium devices. Individual characteristics such as noise acceptance and listening demands may be useful when comparing hearing aid technology levels for a given patient.
Dynamic coordinated control strategy of autonomous vehicles during emergency braking under split friction conditions
Authors: Abi Lanie , Jin Dafeng , Zheng Sheng , Lu Zhenghong , Yu Liangyao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn case of emergency braking in danger, autonomous vehicle usually uses electronic stability control system to maintain the dynamic stability of the vehicle, and by adjusting the steering system, the vehicle can realize autonomous driving. However, when the autonomous vehicle is in emergency braking on the split‐mu road, due to the inconsistent adhesion coefficient on both sides of the road, the inconsistency of tire force will not only damage the dynamic stability, but also make the vehicle deviate from the planned trajectory. Because the path tracking algorithm of autonomous vehicle needs to detect the trajectory error first, it will lead to the time delay of trajectory error correction, and its correction ability will weaken with the decrease of speed, so that the vehicle's trajectory will deviate unilaterally. Thus, the tracking accuracy is reduced and the driving safety is endangered. This paper proposes a dynamic coordinated control strategy based on dynamics and kinematics. In response to the rapid changes in lateral disturbances, a flexible control transfer mechanism based on vehicle status is constructed, realize dynamic coordinated control based on path tracking algorithm and active steering algorithm. While improving the lateral stability, the trajectory error is reduced.
Polarimetric signature of the oceans as detected by near-infrared Earthshine observations
Authors: Takahashi J. , Itoh Y. , Matsuo T. , Oasa Y. , Bach Y. P. , Ishiguro M. 
Published: July 2021

Context.The discovery of an extrasolar planet with an ocean has crucial importance in the search for life beyond Earth. The polarimetric detection of specularly reflected light from a smooth liquid surface is anticipated theoretically, though the polarimetric signature of Earth’s oceans has not yet been conclusively detected in disk-integrated planetary light.Aims.We aim to detect and measure the polarimetric signature of the Earth’s oceans.Methods.We conducted near-infrared polarimetry for lunar Earthshine and collected data on 32 nights with a variety of ocean fractions in the Earthshine-contributing region.Results.A clear positive correlation was revealed between the polarization degree and ocean fraction. We found hourly variations in polarization in accordance with rotational transition of the ocean fraction. The ratios of the variation to the typical polarization degree were as large as ~0.2–1.4.Conclusions.Our observations provide plausible evidence of the polarimetric signature attributed to Earth’s oceans. Near-infrared polarimetry may be considered a prospective technique in the search for exoplanetary oceans.
Observations of whistler mode waves by Solar Orbiter’s RPW Low Frequency Receiver (LFR): In-flight performance and first results
Authors: Chust T. , Kretzschmar M. , Graham D. B. , Le Contel O. , Retinò A. , Alexandrova A. , Berthomier M. , Hadid L. Z. , Sahraoui F. , Jeandet A. , Leroy P. , Pellion J.-C. , Bouzid V. , Katra B. , Piberne R. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Vaivads A. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Souček J. , Santolík O. , Lorfèvre E. , Plettemeier D. , Steller M. , Štverák Š. , Trávníček P. , Vecchio A. , Maksimovic M. , Bale S. D. , Horbury T. S. , O’Brien H. , Evans V. , Angelini V. 
Published: July 2021

Context.The Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument is one of the four in situ instruments of the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission, which was successfully launched on February 10, 2020. The Low Frequency Receiver (LFR) is one of its subsystems, designed to characterize the low frequency electric (quasi-DC – 10 kHz) and magnetic (∼1 Hz–10 kHz) fields that develop, propagate, interact, and dissipate in the solar wind plasma. Combined with observations of the particles and the DC magnetic field, LFR measurements will help to improve the understanding of the heating and acceleration processes at work during solar wind expansion.Aims.The capability of LFR to observe and analyze a variety of low frequency plasma waves can be demontrated by taking advantage of whistler mode wave observations made just after the near-Earth commissioning phase of Solar Orbiter. In particular, this is related to its capability of measuring the wave normal vector, the phase velocity, and the Poynting vector for determining the propagation characteristics of the waves.Methods.Several case studies of whistler mode waves are presented, using all possible LFR onboard digital processing products, waveforms, spectral matrices, and basic wave parameters.Results.Here, we show that whistler mode waves can be very properly identified and characterized, along with their Doppler-shifted frequency, based on the waveform capture as well as on the LFR onboard spectral analysis.Conclusions.Despite the fact that calibrations of the electric and magnetic data still require some improvement, these first whistler observations show a good overall consistency between the RPW LFR data, indicating that many science results on these waves, as well as on other plasma waves, can be obtained by Solar Orbiter in the solar wind.
Seismology of Altair with MOST
Authors: Le Dizès Cécile , Rieutord Michel , Charpinet Stéphane 
Published: July 2021

Context. Altair is the fastest rotating star at less than 10 parsecs from the Sun. Its precise modelling is a landmark for our understanding of stellar evolution with fast rotation, and all observational constraints are most welcome to better determine the fundamental parameters of this star.
Aims. We wish to improve the seismic spectrum of Altair and confirm the δ-Scuti nature of this star.
Methods. We used the photometric data collected by the Microvariability and Oscillations of STars (MOST) satellite in the form of a series of Fabry images to derive Altair light curves at four epochs, namely in 2007, 2011, 2012, and 2013.
Results. We first confirm the presence of δ-Scuti oscillations in the light curves of Altair. We extend the precision of some eigenfrequencies and add new ones to the spectrum of Altair, which now has 15 detected eigenmodes. The rotation period, which is expected at ∼7h46min from models reproducing interferometric data, seems to appear in the 2012 data set, but it still needs confirmation. Finally, Altair modal oscillations show noticeable amplitude variations on a timescale of 10–15 days, which may be the signature of a coupling between oscillations and thermal convection in the layer where the kappa-mechanism is operating.
Conclusions. The Altair oscillation spectrum does not contain a large number of excited eigenmodes, which is similar to the fast rotating star HD220811. This supports the idea that fast rotation hinders the excitation of eigenmodes as already pointed out by theoretical investigations.
Changes in the role of digital services in retail in the context of a crisis
Authors: Usova Natalia , Loginov Mikhail , Drevalev Andrei 
Published: July 2021

The article studies the transformation of the role of digital services in the retail trade in the context of the economic crisis that started in 2020. The subject of the research is digitalization of retail trade services. The study aims to identify the trends in the retail digital services development in the context of the economic crisis as well as to identify the priorities of their development in the near future. Research methods used in the scope of the study include the following ones: retrospective analysis, comparison, grouping, and synthesis. The main results of the study:

The authors explore specific features of digitalization of services in the retail trade in the national market.
The study identifies the market development trends of the retail digital services in the context of a crisis.
The authors propose measures aiming digital transformation of the national market of retail trade services in the face of the current situation in the national economy.

The obtained results constitute the scientific novelty of the study as the authors identify the market trends and propose specific activities to ensure development of digital services in retail in the context of a crisis in the national economy.
Psychosomatically Oriented Diagnostics and Therapy for Fertility Disorders. Guideline of the DGPFG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry Number 016/003, December 2019)
Authors: Wischmann Tewes , Borkenhagen Ada , David Matthias , Dorn Almut , Dorn Christoph , Gagsteiger Friedrich , Goeckenjan Maren , Ludwig Annika , Meier-Credner Anne , Röhrig Michelle , Rothe-Kirchberger Ingrid , Schick Maren , Siegel Stefan , Tandler-Schneider Andreas , Thorn Petra , Weblus Anna Julka , Kentenich Heribert 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aim The purpose of this official guideline published and coordinated by the German Society for Psychosomatic Gynecology and Obstetrics [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe (DGPFG)] is to provide a consensus-based overview of psychosomatically oriented diagnostic procedures and treatments for fertility disorders by evaluating the relevant literature.
Method This S2k guideline was developed using a structured consensus process which included representative members of various professions; the guideline was commissioned by the DGPFG and is based on the 2014 version of the guideline.
Recommendations The guideline provides recommendations on psychosomatically oriented diagnostic procedures and treatments for fertility disorders.
Prenatal and Obstetric Parameters of Late Terminations: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Dathan-Stumpf Anne , Kern Julia , Faber Renaldo , Stepan Holger 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background In Germany, the highly sensitive issue of late terminations of pregnancy and feticide is regulated in Sec. 218a para. 2 of the German Penal Code (medical indication). This study aimed to investigate the prenatal obstetric approach after feticide and the rate of maternal complications.
Material and Methods All feticides of singleton pregnancies carried out at Leipzig University Hospital (n = 164) in the period between 01/2016 and 12/2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Selective feticides of multiple pregnancies were excluded from the study. Target indicators for the prenatal obstetric approach were sonographic accuracy of estimation, method used to induce feticide, time between feticide and delivery, and whether curettage was required. The rate of maternal complications was defined as blood loss of ≥ 500 ml.
Results The number of feticides as a percentage of the total number of births during the investigation period was 1.6%. None of the terminations were performed primarily because of a serious risk to the motherʼs physical health; all of the indications to terminate the pregnancy were based on the psychosocial burden and the risk to the motherʼs mental health as outlined in Sec. 218a StGB (German Penal Code). The most common fetal diagnoses in the context of a maternal psychosocial emergency were central nervous system abnormalities (29.3%), numerical chromosomal aberrations (29.3%) and structural chromosomal aberrations/syndromes (21.3%). Sonographic measurements were used to estimate fetal weight and the weight of around half of the fetuses was underestimated (− 121.8 ± 155.8 g). The margin of estimation error increased with increasing gestational age (p < 0.001). Misoprostol was the most common drug administered to induce labor. No significant association was
found between the method chosen for induction, parity, fetal birth position, fetal anomaly, fetal gender, birth mode or the number of previous cesarean sections and Δdelivery. However, a significantly higher loss of blood was observed with longer Δdelivery (p = 0.02). The likelihood of requiring curettage increased with increasing loss of blood. The number of maternal complications as a percentage of the total patient population was 10.4%. Only 11% of patients agreed to a postmortem examination.
Conclusion Late terminations of pregnancy carried out in accordance with Sec. 218a para. 2 StGB are a reality and must be understood and accepted as a possible consequence of modern prenatal medicine. The complication rate after feticide and the subsequent obstetric procedure was 10% for the above-defined maternal complication. Late terminations and their obstetric management should be carried out in specialized perinatal centers which offer interprofessional expertise.