bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of hydropeaking on the attached eggs of a rheophilic cyprinid species
Authors: Bartoň Daniel , Bretón Felipe , Blabolil Petr , Souza Allan T. , Vejřík Lukáš , Sajdlová Zuzana , Kolařík Tomáš , Kubečka Jan , Šmejkal Marek 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHuman‐induced changes in the hydrological regimes of lotic waters such as hydropeaking have significant negative impacts on riverine life. However, the impacts of dynamic changes in water flow on adhesive fish eggs are not very well known. We focused on the effects of hydropeaking on the spawning ground of a rheophilic cyprinid fish, the asp (Leuciscus aspius). We tested whether a sudden increase in water velocity caused by hydropeaking may have negative effect on the adhesive eggs by the combination of field observations and laboratory experiments. The main objectives of the study were to (i) investigate abiotic characteristics of an asp spawning ground, (ii) monitor egg densities in relation to hydropeaking events and (iii) test detachment rates of the asp eggs in laboratory conditions in relation to water velocity. The asp spawning ground was associated with shallow water depths (0.2–0.4 m) and flowing water (0.1–0.4 m s−1) during base flow. The water velocity that occurred on the spawning ground during the hydropeaking event was measured to be from 0.7–1.2 m s−1. Asp eggs nearly disappeared from the spawning ground before their hatching time probably due to several hydropeaking events. The laboratory experiments showed the significant dependency of egg detachment rates on the water velocity and substrate type with a critical value of 0.7 m s−1. Our data suggested that eggs may be negatively impacted by flow alterations. Avoiding hydropeaking or keeping water velocity below critical values is recommended for the management of rheophilous fish spawning grounds.
Cardiac myosin‐binding protein C in the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute heart failure
Authors: Kozhuharov Nikola , Wussler Desiree , Kaier Thomas , Strebel Ivo , Shrestha Samyut , Flores Dayana , Nowak Albina , Sabti Zaid , Nestelberger Thomas , Zimmermann Tobias , Walter Joan , Belkin Maria , Michou Eleni , Lopez Ayala Pedro , Gualandro Danielle M. , Keller Dagmar I. , Goudev Assen , Breidthardt Tobias , Mueller Christian , Marber Michael ,   for the BASEL V Investigators
Published: January 2021

AimsCardiac myosin‐binding protein C (cMyC) seems to be even more sensitive in the quantification of cardiomyocyte injury vs. high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin, and may therefore have diagnostic and prognostic utility.Methods and resultsIn a prospective multicentre diagnostic study, cMyC, high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT), and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) plasma concentrations were measured in blinded fashion in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute dyspnoea. Two independent cardiologists centrally adjudicated the final diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy for acute heart failure (AHF) was quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). All‐cause mortality within 360 days was the prognostic endpoint. Among 1083 patients eligible for diagnostic analysis, 51% had AHF. cMyC concentrations at presentation were higher among AHF patients vs. patients with other final diagnoses [72 (interquartile range, IQR 39–156) vs. 22 ng/L (IQR 12–42), P < 0.001)]. cMyC's AUC was high [0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.83], higher than hs‐cTnT's (0.79, 95% CI 0.76–0.82, P = 0.081) and lower than NT‐proBNP's (0.91, 95% CI 0.89–0.93, P < 0.001). Among 794 AHF patients eligible for prognostic analysis, 28% died within 360 days; cMyC plasma concentrations above the median indicated increased risk of death (hazard ratio 2.19, 95% CI 1.66–2.89; P < 0.001). cMyC's prognostic accuracy was comparable with NT‐proBNP's and hs‐cTnT's. cMyC did not independently predict all‐cause mortality when used in validated multivariable regression models. In novel multivariable regression models including medication, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, and discharge creatinine, cMyC remained an independent predictor of death and had no interactions with medical therapies at discharge.ConclusionCardiac myosin‐binding protein C may aid physicians in the rapid triage of patients with suspected AHF.
Circulating cardiovascular microRNAs in critically ill COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Garg Ankita , Seeliger Benjamin , Derda Anselm A. , Xiao Ke , Gietz Anika , Scherf Kristian , Sonnenschein Kristina , Pink Isabell , Hoeper Marius M. , Welte Tobias , Bauersachs Johann , David Sascha , Bär Christian , Thum Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a still growing pandemic, causing many deaths and socio‐economic damage. Elevated expression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) entry receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 on cardiac cells of patients with heart diseases may be related to cardiovascular burden. We have thus analysed cardiovascular and inflammatory microRNAs (miRs), sensitive markers of cardiovascular damage, in critically ill, ventilated patients with COVID‐19 or influenza‐associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (Influenza‐ARDS) admitted to the intensive care unit and healthy controls.Methods and resultsCirculating miRs (miR‐21, miR‐126, miR‐155, miR‐208a, and miR‐499) were analysed in a discovery cohort consisting of patients with mechanically‐ventilated COVID‐19 (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 15). A validation study was performed in an independent cohort of mechanically‐ventilated COVID‐19 patients (n = 20), Influenza‐ARDS patients (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 32). In both cohorts, RNA was isolated from serum and cardiovascular disease/inflammatory‐relevant miR concentrations were measured by miR‐specific TaqMan PCR analyses. In both the discovery and the validation cohort, serum concentration of miR‐21, miR‐155, miR‐208a and miR‐499 were significantly increased in COVID‐19 patients compared to healthy controls. Calculating the area under the curve using receiver operating characteristic analysis miR‐155, miR‐208a and miR‐499 showed a clear distinction between COVID‐19 and Influenza‐ARDS patients.ConclusionIn this exploratory study, inflammation and cardiac myocyte‐specific miRs were upregulated in critically ill COVID‐19 patients. Importantly, miR profiles were able to differentiate between severely ill, mechanically‐ventilated Influenza‐ARDS and COVID‐19 patients, indicating a rather specific response and cardiac involvement of COVID‐19.
A Wet Impregnation Strategy for Advanced FeNi‐Based Electrocatalysts towards Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wang Xueyang , Liu Yuanjun , Wei Tiange , Sun Jinyong , Song Xuefeng , Chen Peng , He Jinghui , Shen Xiaoping , Zhu Guoxing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the typical wet impregnation method was employed to prepare advanced electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The preparation process is easy‐operation and doesn't require any complex synthesis steps. This strategy was demonstrated with Fe3+/Ni2+ loaded on porous carbon as an example. The thus formed pre‐catalyst was in situ activated in the electrochemical test process, during which the electrochemically active species for OER are achieved. With the optimized catalyst, a current density of 10 mA.cm−2 can be obtained at an overpotential of 275 mV. This catalytic performance is close to or even better than the benchmarked RuO2 and IrO2 catalysts. Especially, the catalyst also exhibits good catalytic stability. This study presents a new non‐chemical synthesis route for advanced oxygen evolution catalysts.
Facial expressions of pain in daily clinical practice to assess postoperative pain in children: Reliability and validity of the facial action summary score
Authors: Bringuier Sophie , Macioce Valerie , Boulhais Myriam , Dadure Christophe , Capdevila Xavier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBehavioural pain scales are recommended to assess postoperative pain for children who are too young to use self‐report tools. Their main limitation is underestimation of pain in the days following an intervention. Although relevant, facial expression is not used in daily clinical practice. This prospective study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Facial Action Summary Score (FASS), a five‐item scale, to assess postoperative pain until hospital discharge in children <7 years.MethodsAssessments of pain and anxiety of 123 children using FASS and validated scales were used to study the psychometric validity of the FASS in clinical practice.ResultsThe content validity was previously investigated in a development study. The internal validity of the FASS was high with excellent reliability (intraclass coefficient = 0.94) and a high Cronbach α (0.89). Convergent validity with pain scales (FLACC [Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consoling] and FPS‐R [Faces Pain Scale – Revised]) was high (r > 0.8). Sensitivity to change was verified by a significant decrease in the score after rescue analgesia. For a threshold of 2/5, the FASS shows excellent specificity (97%) and sensitivity (82%). The low number of false negatives is the main strength of this tool.ConclusionsThis work highlights the interest in using facial expression in daily clinical practice to manage postoperative pain. The FASS is easy to use with excellent psychometric properties and is particularly sensitive to measure pain in the days following surgery.SignificanceThe aim of this study was to prove that facial expression of pain can be used in clinical practice to measure postoperative pain in children. The reduced number of false negatives is the main strength of this tool.
Quality of Service‐aware clustered triad layer architecture for critical data transmission in multi‐body area network environment
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullahi Abdu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is an important element of future smart healthcare services in smart cities. For this reason, many research works have been undergone in WBAN. The significant research issue in the WBAN environment is Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. In literature, some of the works have been focused on QoS aspect of WBAN. However, they have only marginal impact due to ineffective network design and the usage of a single sink node. Also, most of the research works have been tested within a single BAN and present intra‐BAN communication. In practical, an effective multi‐BAN communication system is emerging due to the need of large‐scale healthcare system. This paper addresses these issues and designs a novel QoS‐aware Clustered Triad Layer (QC‐TriL) architecture for multi‐BAN environment. The novel QC‐TriL uses dual sink nodes in each BAN and both sinks are deployed in the optimal positions. To determine the optimal position, Type‐II Fuzzy Logic (T2FL) is proposed with different criteria. Next, we form clusters based on the positions of dual sink nodes. QC‐TriL adopts criticality‐aware routing by presenting Delay‐aware One‐Hop Transmission and Fused Rank Scheme (FuRank) for critical data and normal data routing respectively. The data transmission is organized by a novel 1D‐Dragonfly topology‐based Priority Dual TDMA (PD‐TDMA) scheduling protocol. Finally, multi‐BAN communication is enabled with an optimal route selected by QoS‐aware Emperor Penguin Colony (QoS‐EPC) algorithm. The QC‐TriL multi‐BAN environment is modeled in OMNeT++ simulator and evaluated in terms of energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, throughput, and delay. The experiments show promising results for the multi‐BAN environment.
Facile engineering and interfacing of styrenic block copolymers devices for low‐cost, multipurpose microfluidic applications
Authors: Salmon Hugo , Rasouli M. Reza , Distasio Nicholas , Tabrizian Maryam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSoft thermoplastic elastomers (sTPE) and specifically styrenic block copolymers (SBC) are making rapid progress in the prototyping and mass production of microfluidic chips. However, these new materials lack guidelines and protocols for chips fabrication, curbing their widespread applications compared to polydimethylsiloxane. In this work, the prototyping potential of a commercially available SBC material, Flexdym, for continuous flow applications is explored. This SBC material exhibits both reversible and permanent self‐adhesion depending on the time and bonding temperature, allowing for rapid and adaptive chip fabrication. Replicates are embossed in 2 min, assembled and sealed in 10 min. Under continuous flow, stud interfaces fabricated with this method can withstand 1 bar with reversible bonding and up to 3 bar after permanent bonding. The integration of an acoustic transducer in an SBC chip to induce acoustic streaming enables rapid mixing and local enrichment of polystyrene microparticles up to 8× the injected concentration. The reversible bonding feature of SBC chips allows to culture endothelial cells in open channels and then close and perfuse through channel to stain the cell. Our finding suggests that TPE‐based materials offer numerous possibilities for prototyping microfluidic chips for analytical and biomedical applications when working with continuous flow at high pressure is required.
Influence of the rocking behavior of shearwalls on the fundamental period of CLT structures
Authors: Casagrande Daniele , Pacchioli Stefano , Polastri Andrea , Pozza Luca 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe comparison of results obtained from on‐site modal tests and numerical analyses presented in recent studies showed that Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) buildings may exhibit a significant shift of fundamental period from the condition when rocking does not occur to the condition which the shearwall rocking is activated for. The objective of the current study is to establish a relationship between the fundamental period of CLT structures and the lateral drift of their global dynamic response. The influence of the activation of rocking behavior on the fundamental period was investigated by using experimental modal testing and Finite Element (FE) numerical analyses. The results from an experimental campaign were adopted to validate an FE numerical model used to perform an extended parametric analysis. The shift of the fundamental period from the value of period representing the condition for which the rocking of shearwall does not occur is investigated via elastic nonlinear incremental dynamic analyses. The effects of vertical load, stiffness, and yield displacement of mechanical anchors and geometrical dimensions of CLT shearwalls are analyzed and discussed. An analytical expression to predict the maximum range of fundamental period which a CLT shearwall may exhibit under different levels of the dynamic lateral response is reported as a function of the vertical load and the equivalent rocking slenderness.
Maximum power estimation through injection dependent electroluminescence imaging
Authors: Dix‐Peek Ross Michael , van Dyk Eugene Ernest , Vorster Frederik Jacobus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mathematical models applied to photovoltaic (PV) modules are typically oversimplified. In general, the models applied to individual PV cells are modified to obtain the “cell” voltage by dividing the module voltage by number of cells in the module. Due to the complexity of the current–voltage (IV) relation and the presence of bypass diodes in commercial PV modules this approach is inappropriate and can lead to incorrect conclusions about the electrical response of a module. This paper provides a method of determining each cell's electrical response using a combination of the Dark IV response of the entire module and injection dependent electroluminescence (EL) imaging. This combination of characterization techniques makes use of equipment that is readily available in commercial facilities as well as regular PV characterization laboratories. This method can be used as an alternative to lock‐in thermography (LIT) based methods, as the equipment required is not always present in standard PV characterization laboratories. In this study, Evolutionary Algorithms are used to optimize the individual cells' electrical parameters. This advanced characterization method can be utilized in commercial facilities, to investigate atypical module electrical response and in research laboratories to investigate the degradation in individual cells within a module.
Mechanisms for avulsion on alluvial fans: Insights from high‐frequency topographic data
Authors: Leenman Anya , Eaton Brett 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAvulsion is a key process in building alluvial fans, but it is also a formidable natural hazard. Based on laboratory experiments monitored with novel high‐frequency photogrammetry, we present a new model for avulsion on widely graded gravel fans. Previous experimental studies of alluvial fans have suggested that avulsion occurs in a periodic autogenic cycle, that is thought to be mediated by the gradient of the fan and fan‐channel. However, those studies measured gradients at low spatial or temporal resolutions, which capture temporally or spatially averaged topographic evolution. Here, we present high‐resolution (1 mm), high‐frequency (1‐minute) topographic data and orthophotos from an alluvial fan experiment. Avulsions in the experiment were rapid and, in contrast to some previous experimental studies, avulsion occurrence was aperiodic. Moreover, we found little evidence of the back‐filling observed at coarser temporal and spatial resolutions. Our observations suggest that avulsion is disproportionately affected by sediment accumulation in the channel, particularly around larger, less mobile grains. Such in‐channel deposition can cause channel shifting that interrupts the autogenic avulsion cycle, so that avulsions are aperiodic and their timing is more difficult to predict.
Sounding and modeling of the indoor aerial acoustic transmission channel
Authors: Jung Peter , Bruck Guido H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe authors verify that the indoor aerial acoustic transmission channel regarding small‐scale application environments, for example, a car cabin, is a quasi‐wide sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (QWSSUS) channel like radio channels. To the best knowledge of the authors, the QWSSUS feature of the indoor aerial acoustic transmission channel has never been evaluated before. Setting out from the QWSSUS concept, the channel modeling by means of correlation functions is proposed. Also, parameter sets that can be used in channel simulations are suggested.
Comparative physiological and metabolomic analyses revealed that foliar spraying with zinc oxide and silica nanoparticles modulates metabolite profiles in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Li Sen , Liu Juan , Wang Yibo , Gao Yang , Zhang Zhipeng , Xu Jin , Xing Guoming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have reported crop toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) by root exposure and that silica nanoparticles (SiO2‐NPs) modulate crop growth and soil physicochemical properties. In this study, we determined the effects of foliar exposure to ZnO‐NPs and SiO2‐NPs on the growth and metabolomic profile of cucumber seedlings. Foliar spraying with ZnO‐NPs and SiO2‐NPs improved cucumber plant performance, as indicated by increases in chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and the fresh/dry weights of leaves and roots. According to metabolomic analysis results, foliar exposure to ZnO‐NPs and SiO2‐NPs induced pronounced changes in the metabolome, especially in the leaves. Besides, ZnO‐NP or SiO2‐NP treatments either upregulated or downregulated the contents of amino acids, organic acids, sugars and glycosides, and secondary metabolites, indicating that the two NPs affected both primary metabolism and secondary metabolism. The elevated levels of several secondary metabolites involved in antioxidative defense imply that the two NPs potentially regulate stress resistance in plants. Overall, these results indicate that different from root exposure, foliar exposure to ZnO‐NPs or SiO2‐NPs is beneficial to plant growth. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the environmental assessment and application of these two NPs in agricultural production.
Simulation of three‐dimensional nonlinear water waves using a pseudospectral volumetric method with an artificial boundary condition
Authors: Klahn Mathias , Madsen Per A. , Fuhrman David R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article presents a pseudospectral method for the simulation of nonlinear water waves described by potential flow theory in three spatial dimensions. The method utilizes an artificial boundary condition that limits the vertical extent of the fluid domain, and it is found that the reduction in domain size offered by the boundary condition enables the solution of the Laplace problem with roughly half the degrees of freedom compared to another spectral method in the literature for (wave number times water depth) . Moreover, it is found that the location of the artificial boundary condition can be chosen once and for all at the beginning of simulations such that the size of the fluid domain is reduced substantially, even when the lowest point of the free surface elevation varies significantly with time. The method is tested by simulating steady nonlinear wave trains, the development of crescent waves from a steady nonlinear wave train, a nonlinear focusing event, and a Gaussian hump which is initially at rest. It is shown that in all, but the most nonlinear cases, the method is capable of obtaining accurate results.
A simplified lattice Boltzmann flux solver for multiphase flows with large density ratio
Authors: Yang Liuming , Shu Chang , Chen Zhen , Wang Yan , Hou Guoxiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnlike the conventional multiphase lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), the recently developed finite volume‐based multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver (MLBFS) is free from the limitation of the uniform mesh, the coupled time step and mesh spacing, and the high virtual memories. In the MLBFS, the macroscopic equations recovered from the LBM are discretized by the finite volume method while the fluxes at the cell interfaces are evaluated based on the local application of LBM. The interfacial fluxes are calculated only by the distribution functions. However, the code implementation involving too many distribution functions is still not simple enough. And the computation of the distribution functions will still cost relatively large computational resources. We notice that some moments of the distribution functions can be directly simplified as the macroscopic variables. Therefore, to further simplify the code implementation and improve the computational efficiency of the MLBFS, we propose a simplified MLBFS which reconstructs the fluxes with the combination of the distribution functions and the macroscopic variables. Naturally, we can expect that the simplified method can improve the computational efficiency while maintaining the numerical accuracy and reliability of the original MLBFS. Numerical experiments of the Laplace law, the Rayleigh–Taylor instability, the bubble rising under buoyancy and the droplet splashing on a liquid film are conducted to evaluate the simplified MLBFS. Results show that our method can save up to 18.32% of the original computational time. The simplified method is superior to the original one especially for the cases with a large number of girds.