bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining in-situ simulation and live HEMS mission facilitator observation: a flexible learning concept
Authors: Bredmose Per P. , Hagemo Jostein , Østergaard Doris , Sollid Stephen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Continuous medical education is essential in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS). In-situ simulation training makes it possible to train in a familiar environment. The use of a dedicated facilitator is essential; however, when an in-situ simulation training session is interrupted by a live mission, the efforts invested in the training are left unfulfilled. This study aims to evaluate if HEMS mission observation and debriefing by the simulation facilitator is a feasible alternative to mission-interrupted simulation training, and how this alternative to simulation training is perceived by both facilitators and HEMS crew members.

Methods
Facilitator observation during live missions and post-mission debriefing was offered as an alternative to mission-interrupted simulation training over a one-year period at three HEMS bases. Immediate feedback was requested from crews and facilitators after each observed live mission on a predefined questionnaire. At the end of the study period, semi-structured interviews were performed with a sample of HEMS crew members and facilitators to further explore the experience with the concept. Numerical data about the sessions were recorded continuously.

Results
A total of 78 training sessions were attempted, with 46 (59%) of the simulations conducted as planned. Of the remaining, 23 (29%) were not started because the crew had other duties (fatigued crew or crew called for a mission where observation was inappropriate/impossible), and 9 (12%) training sessions were converted to observed live missions. In total, 43 (55%), 16 (21%) and 19 (24%) attempts to facilitate simulation training were undertaken on the three bases, respectively. The facilitators considered mission observation more challenging than simulation. The interviews identified local know-how, clinical skills, and excellent communication skills as important prerequisites for the facilitators to conduct live mission observation successfully. Participating crews and facilitators found simulation both valuable and needed. Being observed was initially perceived as unpleasant but later regarded as a helpful way of learning.

Conclusion
Live mission observation and debriefing seems a feasible and well-received alternative to an in-situ simulation program in HEMS to maximise invested resources and maintain the learning outcome. Furthermore, additional training of simulation facilitators to handle the context of live mission observation may further improve the learning output.
Detrimental relevance of Helicobacter pylori infection with sarcopenia
Authors: Wu Shou-En , Chen Wei-Liang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Gram negative microaerophilic bacteria, is a well-known pathogen of many gastrointestinal diseases. But several emerging evidences suggest it role in numerous other extra-gastric diseases. The current study investigates the relationship between H. pylori infection and sarcopenia, a clinical condition characterized by the loss of mass and function of skeletal muscle. A total of 3453 eligible participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), the United States, were enrolled. Based on the serum laboratory results, subjects were categorized into three groups: normal (without evidence of any H. pylori infection), anti-H. pylori IgG positive [H. pylori (+)], and concurrent anti-H. pylori IgG and anti-cytotoxin-associated gene A IgG positive [CagA (+)]. Sarcopenia was determined as having a skeletal muscle index (SMI) value that is more than 1 standard deviation away from the mean value of sex-specific, healthy young adults between 20 and 39 years old. Risk of sarcopenia and its components are compared between subgroups.

Results
Odds ratios (OR) for confirmed diagnosis of sarcopenia were higher in H. pylori (+) (OR = 2.052, 95% CI 1.697–2.481, p < 0.001) and CagA (+) (OR = 1.585, 95% CI 1.278–1.965, p < 0.001) groups. Moreover, negative beta regression coefficient of SMI were shown in H. pylori (+) (β: − 0.023, p < 0.001) and CagA (+) (β: − 0.017, p < 0.001). Sub-analyses which categorized participants by gender revealed that absolute value of beta regression coefficient for SMI were higher in female in H. pylori (+) subgroup (β: − 1.745 in male and − 2.942 in female, p were both < 0.001), and the CagA (+) subgroup (β: − 1.407 in male and − 2.159 in female, p were both < 0.001).

Conclusions
Positive serum H. pylori infectious markers including anti-H. pylori antibody and CagA seropositivity are correlated with sarcopenia and low muscle quantity. Therefore, H. pylori eradication therapy may bring benefits to sarcopenia patients with concurrent active H. pylori infection.
A comparative analysis of L1 retrotransposition activities in human genomes suggests an ongoing increase in L1 number despite an evolutionary trend towards lower activity
Authors: Wehbi Sawsan Sami , zu Dohna Heinrich 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
LINE-1 (Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements, L1) retrotransposons are the only autonomously active transposable elements in the human genome. The evolution of L1 retrotransposition rates and its implications for L1 dynamics are poorly understood. Retrotransposition rates are commonly measured in cell culture-based assays, but it is unclear how well these measurements provide insight into L1 population dynamics. This study applied comparative methods to estimate parameters for the evolution of retrotransposition rates, and infer L1 dynamics from these estimates.

Results
Our results show that the rates at which new L1s emerge in the human population correlate positively to cell-culture based retrotransposition activities, that there is an evolutionary trend towards lower retrotransposition activity, and that this evolutionary trend is not sufficient to counter-balance the increase in active L1s resulting from continuing retrotransposition.

Conclusions
Together, these findings support a model of the population-level L1 retrotransposition dynamics that is consistent with prior expectations and indicate the remaining gaps in the understanding of L1 dynamics in human genomes.
Differential expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in early- and late-stage diabetes: the effect of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Seed extract on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Wistar-Albino rats model
Authors: Afshari Arezoo , Salimi Fouzieh , Nowrouzi Azin , Khalili Masoumeh Babaie , Bakhtiyari Salar , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza , Shabani Maryam , Ahadi Ali , Farhadiannezhad Masoumeh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The medicinal plant Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (C. colocynthis) may benefit patients at different phases of diabetes by attuning to contrasting situations. Our primary objective was to find the mechanism(s) behind the antidiabetic/anti-hyperlipidemic effects of C.colocynthis seed aqueous extract (CCAE) in two different stages of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rats.

Methods
Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, body weights, and the degree of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were measured in healthy nondiabetic control rats (Con), as well as rats with early and late stages of T2D, denoted as ET2D and LT2D, respectively. CCAE was intraperitoneally (IP) injected for 28 days. In the end, the hepatic mRNA expression levels of the following genes were determined by RT-PCR: glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), insulin-dependent sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1). The liver was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil-Red O staining. CCAE was partially analyzed by HPLC-DAD.

Results
ET2D and LT2D were characterized by differentially elevated FBS, deteriorated bodyweight, and significant IGT compared to Con. Hepatosteatoses of varying morphologies and higher hepatic expression of G6Pase than PRPCK in ET2D versus the opposite in LT2D further confirmed the divergent nature of metabolic aberrations. At the end of 28 days, the high levels of FBS, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), urea, hepatic protein carbonyl content (PCC), and alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (AST and ALT, respectively) persisted in untreated LT2D. CCAE ameliorated oxidative stress and upregulated PPARα expression in diabetic groups and Con; it downregulated CPT1 expression in the LT2D group. CCAE’s ability to lower FBS and serum and hepatic TG in both ET2D and LT2D indicated its ability to act via different mechanisms. Ferulic acid (Fer A) and rutin hydrate (RH) were detected in CCAE.

Conclusion
CCAE lowered the FBS in ET2D via inhibiting the hepatic G6Pase expression (glycogenolysis). In LT2D, CCAE abated sugar levels by diverting PEPCK activity, preferably towards glyceroneogenesis than gluconeogenesis. The preserved triglyceride/fatty acid (TG/FA) cycle, the upregulated PPARα, and the downregulated CPT1 gene expressions reduced serum and hepatic TG.
Spatial working memory performance in people with obsessive–compulsive disorder, their unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy controls
Authors: Heinzel Stephan , Bey Katharina , Grützmann Rosa , Klawohn Julia , Kaufmann Christian , Lennertz Leonhard , Wagner Michael , Kathmann Norbert , Riesel Anja 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Studies have shown that people with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) have impairments in spatial working memory (SWM) performance. However, it remains unclear whether this deficit represents a cognitive endophenotype preceding symptoms or a correlate of OCD. We investigated SWM in 69 people with OCD, 77 unaffected first-degree relatives of people with OCD and 106 healthy control participants. Taking age effects into account, SWM performance was best in healthy controls, intermediate in relatives and worst in OCD participants. However, since performance did not differ significantly between healthy controls and relatives, our study does not fully support SWM performance as a core cognitive endophenotype of OCD.
MAB21L1 modulates gene expression and DNA metabolic processes in the lens placode
Authors: Yamada Ryuichi , Oguri Akira , Fujiki Katsunori , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Hirate Yoshikazu , Kanai-Azuma Masami , Takezoe Hirotaka , Akimoto Yoshihiro , Takahashi Naoki , Kanai Yoshiakira 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Mutations in human MAB21L1 cause aberrations in lens ectoderm morphogenesis and lead to congenital cerebellar, ocular, craniofacial and genital (COFG) syndrome. Murine Mab21l1-null mutations cause severe cell-autonomous defects in lens formation, leading to microphthalmia; therefore, Mab21l1-null mice are used as a mouse model for COFG syndrome. In this study, we investigated the early-onset single-cell-level phenotypes of murine Mab21l1-null lens ectoderms using electron microscopy and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Electron microscopy and immunohistochemical analyses indicated endoplasmic reticulum stress at the 24- to 26-somite stage in Mab21l1-null lens placodes. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that 131 genes were downregulated and 148 were upregulated in Mab21l1-null lens ectoderms relative to the wild type. We successfully identified 21 lens-specific genes that were downregulated in Mab21l1-null cells, including three key genes involved in lens formation: Pitx3, Maf and Sfrp2. Moreover, gene ontology analysis of the 279 differentially expressed genes indicated enrichment in housekeeping genes associated with DNA/nucleotide metabolism prior to cell death. These findings suggest that MAB21L1 acts as a nuclear factor that modulates not only lens-specific gene expression but also DNA/nucleotide metabolic processes during lens placode formation.
Synthesis of Dialkyl-Diphosphenes and -Distibenes that Bear Extended Triptycyl Groups
Authors: Nishino Ryohei , Minoura Mao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Dialkyl-diphosphenes and -distibenes of the type RTrp*2E2 (E = P, Sb; R = H, n-Pr) were synthesized and isolated using the steric protection of extended triptycyl groups (Trp*). The solubility of these diphosphenes and distibenes can be increased by installing a propyl group onto the bridgehead position of the triptycyl core (n-PrTrp*).
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НЕЙРОННЫХ СЕТЕЙ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Authors: Gontar Anastasia A. 
Published: November 2021

В современных обстоятельствах хозяйствования значимое влияние на экономические процессы любого государства имеет финансовый сектор. По этой причине усиливается роль анализа деятельности коммерческих банков, в частности, системы экономической безопасности. Огромное количество кредитных учреждений формируют отделения по исследованию и управлению рисками, при этом за пределами внимания специалистов остаются некоторые нюансы анализа текущего состояния системы экономической безопасности банков. Возникает потребность в комплексном подходе и в продуманной тактике для повышения уровня экономической безопасности кредитных учреждений. В научной статье рассматриваются ключевые методы оценки экономической безопасности: количественный анализ текущих показателей, ранжирование на основе пресс-рейтинга, авторские методики. Выявлены основные недостатки существующих подходов, а также определена система показателей экономической безопасности на примере кредитной организации.
Цель – реализация и построение нейросетевой модели, позволяющей прогнозировать значения уровня экономической безопасности.
Метод или методология проведения работы. Для реализации поставленной цели были использованы общенаучные методы (анализ, синтез, индукция, дедукция, обобщение), а также методы нейросетевого моделирования.
Результаты. В научной статье рассматриваются ключевые методы оценки экономической безопасности: количественный анализ текущих показателей, ранжирование на основе пресс-рейтинга, авторские методики. Выявлены основные недостатки существующих подходов, а также определена система показателей экономической безопасности на примере кредитной организации.
Область применения результатов. Реализация нейросетевой модели (на примере ПАО Сбербанк) позволяет прогнозировать итоговые значения целевой функции и аппроксимировать нелинейные входные данные. Моделирование уровня экономической безопасности дает возможность выявить существующие проблемы, предупредить негативные последствия необоснованных управленческих решений.
ГОСУДАРСТВО И БИЗНЕС В ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ: МЕХАНИЗМЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ
Authors: Mazharova Lina A. 
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме взаимодействия государственного и частного сектора в современных условиях цифровой экономики. Состояние вопроса: автором проанализированы существующие научные подходы к определению феномена «цифровой экономики», выделению ее признаков, этапов развития и влияния на общественную жизнь. На основании анализа сделан вывод, для дальнейшего развития цифровой экономики важной задачей является институциализация, то есть создание «правил игры» для экономических субъектов в новых условиях. Ведущим субъектом такого процесса может стать только государство, поэтому говорить о сокращении его роли преждевременно. В этой связи, целью исследования является анализ возможностей взаимодействия государства и бизнеса в целях дальнейшего развития цифровой экономики.
Материалы и методы исследования: методологией исследования стала неоинституциональная экономическая теория, в частности модель рационального поведения. В соответствии с ней функции государства в цифровой экономике обоснованы посредством анализа трансакционных издержек. Результаты исследования: по итогам исследования сделан вывод, что одним из перспективных механизмов взаимодействия может стать государственно-частное партнерство. Потенциал государственно-частного и муниниципально-частного партнерства как инструмента цифровизации экономики на настоящий момент не полностью реализован, что связано с проблемой оценки рисков и выгод проектов, а также возможностей их распределения. Решение проблемы возможно за счет формирования «банка» форм сотрудничества, которые могут стать механизмами эффективного взаимодействия государства и бизнеса. Примеры таких механизмов для наиболее проблемных представлены в исследовании.
РАЗРАБОТКА WEB-ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ CRS-CИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ВЕДЕНИЯ АНТИКОЛЛЕКТОРСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Pavlova Anna I. , Obukhov Roman V. 
Published: November 2021

Одним из основных факторов развития компании на рынке является использование информационных систем, позволяющих автоматизировать процессы обмена данными электронного документооборота. Это необходимо для обеспечения эффективной работы предприятия и улучшения взаимоотношений с клиентами. Работа посвящена разработке web-приложения для ведения антиколлекторской деятельности. В процессе разработки приложения были использованы стандартные архитектурные решения системы автоматизированного взаимодействия с клиентами предприятия (Customer Relationship Management, CRM-система) системы Битрикс24. Среди основных направлений улучшения взаимоотношений между клиентами и сотрудниками предприятия являлись: уведомление оператора о поступлении новой заявки о ликвидации кредита; контролирование ведения карты клиента; отслеживание выполнения заданий сотрудником предприятия бизнес-процессов и напоминание о необходимости их выполнения в определенный срок; формирование помесячной оплаты за предоставление услуг с рассылкой сообщений сотруднику и клиенту. Основное взаимодействие взаимодействия с потенциальными клиентами осуществляется посредством применения роботов и тригеров для настройки современных средств коммуникации: виртуальной телефонии, электронной почты, мессенджера.
Цель – разработка web-приложения с использованием системы автоматизированного взаимодействия с клиентами предприятия (Customer Relationship Management, CRM-системы), направленного на ведение антиколлекторской деятельности.
Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались методы программирования.
Результаты: разработано web-приложение для управления деятельностью антиколлекторский предприятий, интегрированной с CRM системой Битрикс 24.
Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять при управлении деятельностью антиколлекторский предприятий, связанных со структуризацией и ликвидацией задолженностей физических и юридических лиц.
THE METHOD OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF ICE ABRASIVE EFFECTS ON BERTHING FACILITIES
Authors: Zverev Anton A. , Bekker Aleksandr T. , Uvarova Tatiana E. , Belyaeva Tamara D. 
Published: November 2021

The ice cover has a significant abrasive effect on the surface of marine engineering structures. In areas with high dynamics of ice cover drift, one of the most important problems of providing load-bearing capacity of structural elements is to determine the intensity of their wear from abrasion by drifting ice.
The magnitude of ice abrasion depends on many factors, the main of which are: contact pressure, abrasion path length and material resistance to ice abrasion.
The length of the abrasion path and the magnitude of the contact pressure are determined by the processes of drift of ice formations and their interaction with the structure. To assess them, it is necessary to have a mathematical model for calculating the ice load. At the same time, experimental studies of various materials for resistance to ice abrasion make it possible to establish an empirical dependence of the intensity of ice abrasion. The combined use of a theoretical model of interaction and an empirical model of material destruction makes it possible to create a method for calculating the depth of ice abrasion.
The article discusses the method of mathematical modeling of ice abrasive effects on berthing facilities.
Vibration measurement technology based on the reverse point recognition algorithm for laser self-mixing interference
Authors: Cui Xiangyu , Cai Linna , Yue Hangyu , Dong Taiji , Yan Wendi , Song Yang , Li Chunsheng , Gao Bingkun 
Published: November 2021

The self-mixing interference (SMI) signal carries the information of the external moving object, which has great physical significance and application prospects for extracting and analyzing the information of the external object. In this paper, we propose a vibration measurement method based on a reverse point recognition algorithm on the SMI laser signal. By extracting and analyzing the hill and valley values of the SMI signal to determine the reverse point, combined with the semifringe counting method, the vibration information of external objects can be accurately extracted. The method we propose simplifies the displacement reconstruction process with high accuracy. The simulation and experimental results show that this method can achieve high-precision measurements of microvibration with an absolute error of less than 19 nm.
725  nm watt-level injection-locked continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser for a mercury optical lattice clock
Authors: Liu Qixin , Sun Jianfang , Zhang Ye , Xu Zhen 
Published: November 2021

We develop a watt-level 725 nm continuous-wave tunable narrow linewidth injection-locked Ti:sapphire laser. The seed laser is frequency-locked on a Fabry–Perot cavity to narrow the linewidth and stabilize the frequency. Because the wavelength of the seed laser is located at the edge of the gain profile of the Ti:sapphire crystal, it is difficult to injection-lock the Ti:sapphire laser at 725 nm. A cavity mirror, which has a long-pass-filter coating with a sharp edge, is used in the Ti:sapphire cavity to suppress mode competition from the long wavelength side. This method effectively reduces the power requirement of the seed laser at 725 nm, and the Ti:sapphire laser can be injection-locked at higher output power. As a result, a 1 W output power with a 27% slope efficiency is achieved in the injection-locked laser, and a 210 mW UV laser is obtained in a subsequent second-harmonic generation stage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest wavelength for the watt-level injection-locked continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser. This laser will be used in a mercury optical lattice clock in the future.
Self-compression of mJ pulses to 10  fs in a hollow-core waveguide: effects of higher-order dispersion
Authors: Ran Qiandong , Li Hao , Wang QiJie , Zhang Ying 
Published: November 2021

Self-compression of an ultrashort pulse in a hollow-core waveguide filled with noble gas is a simple and promising approach to generate few and even single-cycle pulses. However, when the input pulse energy approaches to mJ level, ionization of the gas induces strong higher-order dispersion through multiple mechanisms, which makes the temporal compression process unstable and even fail. In this paper, we systematically study the effects of higher-order dispersion in the self-compression process of mJ few-cycle pulses. We found that the self-compression depends on the approaching routine of group delay dispersion and third-order dispersion optimization. There exists a steady and stable routine to maintain the pulse duration around the Fourier transform limit. Then, we successfully demonstrate stable and repeatable compression of 3 mJ pulses to 13.1 and 10.5 fs in a 2 cm hollow-core waveguide filled with Ar and Kr, respectively.