bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical Bayes Method for Boltzmann Machines
Authors: Yasuda Muneki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe framework of the empirical Bayes method allows the estimation of the values of the hyperparameters in the Boltzmann machine by maximizing a specific likelihood function referred to as the empirical Bayes likelihood function. However, the maximization is computationally difficult because the empirical Bayes likelihood function involves intractable integrations of the partition function. The method presented in this chapter avoids this computational problem by using the replica method and the Plefka expansion, which is quite simple and fast because it does not require any iterative procedures and gives reasonable estimates under certain conditions.
Almost Linear Time Algorithms for Some Problems on Dynamic Flow Networks
Authors: Higashikawa Yuya , Katoh Naoki , Teruyama Junichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMotivated by evacuation planning, several problems regarding dynamic flow networks have been studied in recent years. A dynamic flow network consists of an undirected graph with positive edge lengths, positive edge capacities, and positive vertex weights. The road network in an area can be treated as a graph where the edge lengths are the distances along the roads and the vertex weights are the number of people at each site. An edge capacity limits the number of people that can enter the edge per unit time. In a dynamic flow network, when particular points on edges or vertices called sinks are given, all of the people are required to evacuate from the vertices to the sinks as quickly as possible. This chapter gives an overview of two of our recent results on the problem of locating multiple sinks in a dynamic flow path network such that the max/sum of evacuation times for all the people to sinks is minimized, and we focus on techniques that enable the problems to be solved in almost linear time.
Compression and Pattern Matching
Authors: Kida Takuya , Furuya Isamu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe introduce our research on compressed pattern matching technology that combines data compression and pattern matching. To show the results of this work, we explain the collage system proposed by Kida et al. in 2003 that is a unifying framework for compressed pattern matching, and we explain the Repair-VF method proposed by Yoshida and Kida in 2013 and the MR-Repair method proposed by Furuya et al. in 2019 as grammar compressions suitable for compressed pattern matching.
Enhanced RAM Simulation in Succinct Space
Authors: Onodera Taku 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe describe two recent results on space-efficient functional random access memory (RAM), which is RAM with non-standard functionalities. The first is about oblivious RAM, which enables a remote database to be accessed without revealing to the database owner which part of the database is being accessed. The other is about wear leveling, which enables the number of updates to be balanced among all the memory cells regardless of the content of the computation being performed on the memory.
Gravitational footprints of black holes and their microstate geometries
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Bena Iosif , Heidmann Pierre , Li Yixuan , Mayerson Daniel R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We construct a family of non-supersymmetric extremal black holes and their horizonless microstate geometries in four dimensions. The black holes can have finite angular momentum and an arbitrary charge-to-mass ratio, unlike their supersymmetric cousins. These features make them and their microstate geometries astrophysically relevant. Thus, they provide interesting prototypes to study deviations from Kerr solutions caused by new horizon-scale physics. In this paper, we compute the gravitational multipole structure of these solutions and compare them to Kerr black holes. The multipoles of the black hole differ significantly from Kerr as they depend non-trivially on the charge-to-mass ratio. The horizonless microstate geometries (that are comparable in size to a black hole) have a similar multipole structure as their corresponding black hole, with deviations to the black hole multipole values set by the scale of their microstructure.
Black hole singularities across phase transitions
Authors: Liu Yan , Lyu Hong-Da , Raju Avinash 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the behavior of black hole singularities across the Hawking-Page phase transitions, uncovering possible connections between the physics inside and outside the horizon. We focus on the case of spacelike singularities in Einstein-scalar theory which are of the Kasner form. We find that the Kasner exponents are continuous and non-differentiable during the second order phase transitions, while discontinuous in the first order phase transitions. We give some arguments on the universality of this behavior. We also discuss possible observables in the dual field theory which encode the Kasner exponents.
Boundary conformal field theory at large charge
Authors: Cuomo Gabriel , Mezei Márk , Raviv-Moshe Avia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study operators with large internal charge in boundary conformal field theories (BCFTs) with internal symmetries. Using the state-operator correspondence and the existence of a macroscopic limit, we find a non-trivial relation between the scaling dimension of the lowest dimensional CFT and BCFT charged operators to leading order in the charge. We also construct the superfluid effective field theory for theories with boundaries and use it to systematically calculate the BCFT spectrum in a systematic expansion. We verify explicitly many of the predictions from the EFT analysis in concrete examples including the classical conformal scalar field with a |ϕ|6 interaction in three dimensions and the O(2) Wilson-Fisher model near four dimensions in the presence of boundaries. In the appendices we additionally discuss a systematic background field approach towards Ward identities in general boundary and defect conformal field theories, and clarify its relation with Noether’s theorem in perturbative theories.
Catalyzed baryogenesis
Authors: Bai Yang , Berger Joshua , Korwar Mrunal , Orlofsky Nicholas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A novel mechanism, “catalyzed baryogenesis”, is proposed to explain the observed baryon asymmetry in our universe. In this mechanism, the motion of a ball-like catalyst provides the necessary out-of-equilibrium condition, its outer wall has CP-violating interactions with the Standard Model particles, and its interior has baryon number violating interactions. We use the electroweak-symmetric ball model as an example of such a catalyst. In this model, electroweak sphalerons inside the ball are active and convert baryons into leptons. The observed baryon number asymmetry can be produced for a light ball mass and a large ball radius. Due to direct detection constraints on relic balls, we consider a scenario in which the balls evaporate, leading to dark radiation at testable levels.
Extracellular vesicle release and uptake by the liver under normo- and hyperlipidemia
Authors: Németh Krisztina , Varga Zoltán , Lenzinger Dorina , Visnovitz Tamás , Koncz Anna , Hegedűs Nikolett , Kittel Ágnes , Máthé Domokos , Szigeti Krisztián , Lőrincz Péter , O’Neill Clodagh , Dwyer Róisín , Liu Zhonglin , Buzás Edit I. , Tamási Viola 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLiver plays a central role in elimination of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), and it also significantly contributes to EV release. However, the involvement of the different liver cell populations remains unknown. Here, we investigated EV uptake and release both in normolipemia and hyperlipidemia. C57BL/6 mice were kept on high fat diet for 20–30 weeks before circulating EV profiles were determined. In addition, control mice were intravenously injected with 99mTc-HYNIC-Duramycin labeled EVs, and an hour later, biodistribution was analyzed by SPECT/CT. In vitro, isolated liver cell types were tested for EV release and uptake with/without prior fatty acid treatment. We detected an elevated circulating EV number after the high fat diet. To clarify the differential involvement of liver cell types, we carried out in vitro experiments. We found an increased release of EVs by primary hepatocytes at concentrations of fatty acids comparable to what is characteristic for hyperlipidemia. When investigating EV biodistribution with 99mTc-labeled EVs, we detected EV accumulation primarily in the liver upon intravenous injection of mice with medium (326.3 ± 19.8 nm) and small EVs (130.5 ± 5.8 nm). In vitro, we found that medium and small EVs were preferentially taken up by Kupffer cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that in hyperlipidemia, there was a decreased EV uptake both by Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Our data suggest that hyperlipidema increases the release and reduces the uptake of EVs by liver cells. We also provide evidence for a size-dependent differential EV uptake by the different cell types of the liver. The EV radiolabeling protocol using 99mTc-Duramycin may provide a fast and simple labeling approach for SPECT/CT imaging of EVs biodistribution.
Head and neck tumor cells treated with hypofractionated irradiation die via apoptosis and are better taken up by M1-like macrophages
Authors: Wedekind Hanna , Walz Kristina , Buchbender Mayte , Rieckmann Thorsten , Strasser Erwin , Grottker Fridolin , Fietkau Rainer , Frey Benjamin , Gaipl Udo S , Rückert Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is increasing worldwide, especially when triggered by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Radiotherapy has immune-modulatory properties, but the role of macrophages present in HNSCC and having contact with irradiated tumor cells remains unclear. The influence of irradiated (2 × 5Gy) HNSCC cells on the (re-)polarization and phagocytosis of human macrophages, either non-polarized or with a more M1 or M2 phenotype, was therefore investigated.

Methods
Human monocytes were differentiated with the hematopoietic growth factors M‑CSF (m) or GM-CSF (g) and additionally pre-polarized with either interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 or interferon (IFN)-γ and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively. Subsequently, they were added to previously irradiated (2 × 5Gy) and mock-treated HPV-positive (UD-SCC-2) and HPV-negative (Cal33) HNSCC cells including their supernatants.

Results
The HNSCC cells treated with hypofractionated irradiation died via apoptosis and were strongly phagocytosed by M0m and M2 macrophages. M0g and M1 macrophages phagocytosed the tumor cells to a lesser extent. Irradiated HNSCC cells were better phagocytosed by M1 macrophages compared to mock-treated controls. The polarization status of the macrophages was not significantly changed, except for the expression of CD206 on M2 macrophages, which was reduced after phagocytosis of irradiated HPV-negative cells. Further, a significant increase in the uptake of irradiated HPV-positive cells by M0g macrophages when compared to HPV-negative cells was observed.

Conclusion
HNSCC cells treated with hypofractionated irradiation foster phagocytosis by anti-tumorigenic M1 macrophages. The data provide the first evidence on the impact of the HPV status of HNSCC cells on the modulation of the macrophage response to irradiated tumor cells.
Hohe Krankheitslast bei Patienten mit ANCA-assoziierter Vaskulitis
Authors: Haller H. G. , von Vietinghoff S. , Spearpoint P. , Deichmann A. , Buchholz I. , Schönermark M. P. , Rutherford P. , Götte D. 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung
Unter dem Begriff der mit antineutrophilen zytoplasmatischen Antikörpern (ANCA) assoziierten Vaskulitis (AAV) wird eine Gruppe seltener, chronischer, durch rezidivierende systemische Entzündungen gekennzeichneter Autoimmunerkrankungen mit vielfältigen Morbiditäten zusammengefasst. Patienten mit AAV leiden unter diversen Organmanifestationen und schweren Nebenwirkungen der Therapie. In dieser retrospektiven Studie wurde die konkrete Belastung der Patienten durch die AAV-Erkrankung in Deutschland untersucht.

Methodik
Basierend auf anonymisierten Längsschnittdaten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) zur medizinischen Versorgung zwischen 2013 und 2016 wurden aus einer repräsentativen Kohorte von etwa 3 Mio. Versicherten Patienten mit Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA) und mikroskopischer Polyangiitis (MPA) identifiziert und ausgewählte klinische Aspekte systematisch analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Die häufigsten begleitenden Morbiditäten von GPA und MPA waren Nieren- und Atemwegserkrankungen. Eine schwere Nierenbeteiligung trat bei 11,6 % der GPA- und 24,3 % der MPA-Patienten innerhalb von 15 Quartalen nach der Diagnose auf. Bei einem Drittel der Patienten mit AAV entwickelten sich innerhalb der ersten 3 Quartale nach Diagnose schwere Infektionen. Die Rate der schweren Rezidive betrug jährlich 5–8 %. Patienten mit AAV und Nierenbeteiligung oder Infektionen zeigten zudem eine hohe jährliche Mortalitätsrate von 14,4 % bzw. 5,6 %.

Schlussfolgerung
Anhand dieser Analyse deutscher Versorgungsdaten wurden krankheitsspezifische Annahmen der Belastung von Patienten mit AAV bestätigt und für den deutschen Kontext konkretisiert. Patienten mit AAV leiden unter einer hohen Morbiditätsbelastung, einschließlich multipler Krankheitsmanifestationen, Rezidiven und schwerer Komplikationen aufgrund der AAV-Therapie.
Zur Anwendbarkeit der dentalen Methode von Roberts et al. aus dem Jahr 2016 zum Nachweis der Vollendung des 18. Lebensjahres lebender Personen
Authors: Timme M. , Borkert J. , Steffens L. , Shay D. , Schmeling A. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungEs sollte die Methode von Roberts et al. aus dem Jahr 2016 zum Nachweis der Vollendung des 18. Lebensjahres überprüft werden.Dazu wurden 603 Orthopantomogramme (OPG) von 300 Frauen und 303 Männern im Alter von 16,01 bis 25,99 Jahren von 3 Untersuchern ausgewertet, wobei ein Hauptuntersucher alle OPGs zweimal begutachtet hat. Durch die 3 Untersucher wurde eine konsensuale Bestimmung für die Fälle vorgenommen, bei denen mindestens ein Untersucher ein Stadium zugeordnet hatte.In 31 Fällen (11 Frauen, 20 Männer) konnte konsensuell ein Stadium bestimmt werden. Hauptursache für die Nichtauswertbarkeit war die nicht abgeschlossene Entwicklung des Zahnes 38 [FDI] (30,18 %), gefolgt von Karies, Restaurationen oder anderen Pathologien (20,56 %) und dem Fehlen des Zahnes 38 (19,57 %). Das Stadium „RCW‑C“ konnte bei den Frauen konsensual nicht, die Stadien „RCW‑B“ und „RCW‑C“ konnten bei den Männern nur 4‑mal (3x „RCW-C“, 1x „RCW-B“) bestimmt werden. Der Cohen’s-Kappa-Wert für die Binnenbeobachterübereinstimmung für die 47 Fälle, in denen der Hauptuntersucher in mindestens einem Durchgang ein Stadium zugeordnet hatte, lag im moderaten bzw. guten Bereich (Frauen: 0,44; Männer: 0,62). Der Fleiss’-Kappa-Wert für die Zwischenbeobachterübereinstimmung der 3 Untersucher für die 69 Fälle, bei denen mindestens ein Untersucher ein Stadium zugeordnet hatte, lag im mangelhaften Bereich (Frauen: 0,07; Männer: 0,11), wobei die 95%-Konfidenzintervalle für den Kappa-Wert auch die „0“ einschlossen.Alle Personen, bei denen ein Stadium zugeordnet wurde, waren über 18 Jahre alt. Aktuell kann eine Anwendung der Methode nicht empfohlen werden. Es wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob den Stadien eine allgemeingültige Entwicklungsabfolge zu Grunde zu liegt, da bei 30 Fällen der Befund nicht mit den Stadien in Deckung zu bringen war.
Die Abgrenzung der Fremdtötung von der eigenverantwortlichen Selbsttötung: Doppelsuizid, erweiterter Suizid oder Homizid-Suizid?
Authors: Dietz E. , Schädler J. , Püschel K. , Ondruschka B. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Literatur finden sich vielfach Publikationen und Kasuistiken, die sich mit zeitlich, örtlich, partnerschaftlich und/oder familiär im Zusammenhang stehenden nichtnatürlichen Todesfälle unabhängig von der Art und Weise zweier oder mehrerer Personen auseinandersetzen. Im Nachfolgenden sollen jene Fälle genauer betrachtet werden, bei denen zumindest in einem der Fälle naheliegt, dass es sich beispielsweise aufgrund der Spurenlage um einen freiverantwortlichen Suizidentschluss gehandelt hat. Diese werden u. a. als „erweiterte Suizide“ oder in jüngerer Zeit auch als „Homizid-Suizide“ bezeichnet. Diese theoriespezifizierten Nomenklaturen finden sich nicht zuletzt deshalb berechtigt kritisiert, als dass die Motive, genauen Tatumstände und Tathintergründe oftmals nicht bekannt sind und somit eine (vorgreifende) Wertung erfolgt, ohne dass andere mögliche Tathergänge zur Diskussion gestanden hätten. Daher stellt sich zunächst die Frage nach der generellen und konkreten Eignung dieser Nomenklaturen hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit, mit der sich daran anschließenden Überlegung einer neu zu definierenden übergeordneten Bezeichnung. Die Komplexität dieser Begrifflichkeiten soll im Nachfolgenden an dem gemeinsamen Tod eines älteren Ehepaares verdeutlicht werden.
Special cycles on toroidal compactifications of orthogonal Shimura varieties
Authors: Bruinier Jan Hendrik , Zemel Shaul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe determine the behavior of automorphic Green functions along the boundary components of toroidal compactifications of orthogonal Shimura varieties. We use this analysis to define boundary components of special divisors and prove that the generating series of the resulting special divisors on a toroidal compactification is modular.
Pharmacokinetics of cannabichromene in a medical cannabis product also containing cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a pilot study
Authors: Peters Erica N. , MacNair Laura , Mosesova Irina , Christians Uwe , Sempio Cristina , Klawitter Jost , Land M. Hunter , Ware Mark A. , Turcotte Cynthia , Bonn-Miller Marcel O. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Cannabichromene (CBC) is a phytocannabinoid commonly found in cannabis, yet its acute post-dose pharmacokinetics (PK) have not been examined in humans. This is a secondary data analysis from a trial investigating Spectrum Yellow oil, an oral cannabis product used for medical purposes that contained 20 mg cannabidiol (CBD), 0.9 mg Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and 1.1 mg CBC, per 1 mL of oil.

Methods
Participants (N = 43) were randomized to one of 5 groups: 120 mg CBD, 5.4 mg THC, and 6.6 mg CBC daily; 240 mg CBD, 10.8 mg THC, and 13.2 mg CBC daily; 360 mg CBD, 16.2 mg THC, and 19.8 mg CBC daily; 480 mg CBD, 21.6 mg THC, and 26.4 mg CBC daily; or placebo. Study medication was administered every 12 h for 7 days. Plasma CBC concentrations were analyzed by a validated two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay.

Results
After a single dose and after the final dose, the Cmax of CBC increased by 1.3–1.8-fold for each twofold increase in dose; the tmax range was 1.6–4.3 h. Based on the ratio of administered CBD, THC, and CBC to the plasma concentration, the dose of CBD was 18 times higher than the dose of CBC, yet the AUC0–t of CBD was only 6.6–9.8-fold higher than the AUC0–t of CBC; the dose of THC was similar to the dose of CBC, yet THC was quantifiable in fewer plasma samples than was CBC.

Conclusions
CBC may have preferential absorption over CBD and THC when administered together.
Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry #ACTRN12619001450101, registered 18 October 2019.
Differential role of residual metabolic tumor volume in inoperable stage III NSCLC after chemoradiotherapy ± immune checkpoint inhibition
Authors: Unterrainer Marcus , Taugner Julian , Käsmann Lukas , Tufman Amanda , Reinmuth Niels , Li Minglun , Mittlmeier Lena M. , Bartenstein Peter , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Ricke Jens , Belka Claus , Eze Chukwuka , Manapov Farkhad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The PET-derived metabolic tumor volume (MTV) is an independent prognosticator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We analyzed the prognostic value of residual MTV (rMTV) after completion of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in inoperable stage III NSCLC patients with and without immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI).

Methods
Fifty-six inoperable stage III NSCLC patients (16 female, median 65.0 years) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT after completion of standard CRT. rMTV was delineated on 18F-FDG PET/CT using a standard threshold (liver SUVmean + 2 × standard deviation). 21/56 patients underwent additional ICI (CRT-IO, 21/56 patients) thereafter. Patients were divided in volumetric subgroups using median split dichotomization (MTV ≤ 4.3 ml vs. > 4.3 ml). rMTV, clinical features, and ICI-application were correlated with clinical outcome parameters (progression-free survival (PFS), local PFS (LPFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results
Overall, median follow-up was 52.0 months. Smaller rMTV was associated with longer median PFS (29.3 vs. 10.5 months, p = 0.015), LPFS (49.9 vs. 13.5 months, p = 0.001), and OS (63.0 vs. 23.0 months, p = 0.003). CRT-IO patients compared to CRT patients showed significantly longer median PFS (29.3 vs. 11.2 months, p = 0.034), LPFS (median not reached vs. 14.0 months, p = 0.016), and OS (median not reached vs. 25.2 months, p = 0.007). In the CRT subgroup, smaller rMTV was associated with longer median PFS (33.5 vs. 8.6 months, p = 0.001), LPFS (49.9 vs. 10.1 months, p = 0.001), and OS (63.0 vs. 16.3 months, p = 0.004). In the CRT-IO subgroup, neither PFS, LPFS, nor OS were associated with MTV (p > 0.05 each). The findings were confirmed in subsequent multivariate analyses.

Conclusion
In stage III NSCLC, smaller rMTV is highly associated with superior clinical outcome, especially in patients undergoing CRT without ICI. Patients with CRT-IO show significantly improved outcome compared to CRT patients. Of note, clinical outcome in CRT-IO patients is independent of residual MTV. Hence, even patients with large rMTV might profit from ICI despite extensive tumor load.