bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine ammonia-oxidising archaea and bacteria occupy distinct iron and copper niches
Authors: Shafiee Roxana T , Diver Poppy J , Snow Joseph T , Zhang Qiong , Rickaby Rosalind E M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ammonia oxidation by archaea and bacteria (AOA and AOB), is the first step of nitrification in the oceans. As AOA have an ammonium affinity 200-fold higher than AOB isolates, the chemical niche allowing AOB to persist in the oligotrophic ocean remains unclear. Here we show that marine isolates, Nitrosopumilus maritimus strain SCM1 (AOA) and Nitrosococcus oceani strain C-107 (AOB) have contrasting physiologies in response to the trace metals iron (Fe) and copper (Cu), holding potential implications for their niche separation in the oceans. A greater affinity for unchelated Fe may allow AOB to inhabit shallower, euphotic waters where ammonium supply is high, but competition for Fe is rife. In contrast to AOB, AOA isolates have a greater affinity and toxicity threshold for unchelated Cu providing additional explanation to the greater success of AOA in the marine environment where Cu availability can be highly variable. Using comparative genomics, we predict that the proteomic and metal transport basis giving rise to contrasting physiologies in isolates is widespread across phylogenetically diverse marine AOA and AOB that are not yet available in pure culture. Our results develop the testable hypothesis that ammonia oxidation may be limited by Cu in large tracts of the open ocean and suggest a relatively earlier emergence of AOB than AOA when considered in the context of evolving trace metal availabilities over geologic time.
A modified XY model of transformer oil–paper insulation system including non‐uniform aging and conductance effect
Authors: Fan Xianhao , Liu Jiefeng , Zhang Yiyi , Yang Shichang , Zhang Chaohai , Zhang Yubo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe accuracy and feasibility of the traditional XY model of transformer oil–paper insulation system are disputable since it ignored the effect of non‐uniform aging and conductance on dielectric response property. Given this issue, this work attempted to report a modified XY model to overcome these defects. The novelty of this work is in the exploration of the modified XY model as a potential tool for establishing the quantitative correlation among the complex relative permittivity of the liquid insulation, solid insulation, and liquid–solid composite insulation. In that respect, the presented verification experiments proved the feasibility and accuracy of the reported model. The contributions are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the condition evaluation of transformer solid insulation under non‐uniform aging conditions.
Hazard evaluation of ground potential difference within grounding grid on personal safety under impulse current
Authors: Li Chun , Wen Xishan , Guo Lei , Chen Jiafeng , Chen Jiahao , Lu Hailiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to the impedance characteristic of conductor, the ground potential rise is different within grounding grid when impulse current is injected. When staff touches objects with different GPR at the same time, the GPD will be applied to human body, leading to potential personal safety problem. The impact of GPD on human body needs to be evaluated. The method of moment was used to calculate the ground potential rise of grounding grid under impulse current. By regarding the human body as a resistance, the current flowing through it because of ground potential difference was obtained. Methods based on current amplitude and electrical charge was used to evaluate personal safety. The effects of injecting current waveform, injecting position, soil resistivity, grounding conductor and grounding grid structure on ground potential difference and safe current threshold were studied. Results show the ground potential difference near injecting point may pose a threat to personal safety. The evaluation method based on electrical charge was recommended. In field test, the injecting point of grounding grid should be far away from corners, and staff should be kept away from the injecting point, so as to mitigate the risk of ground potential difference on personal safety.
International Trends Analysis for Subject of Hydrogen Production with Water Electrolysis
Authors: Pengfei Fei , Chao Zhang 
Published: March 2021

Abstracts
Since the 21st century, the domestic and foreign energy structure has been deeply adjusted and therefore the study about hydrogen production with water electrolysis becomes a hotspot. This paper makes bibliometric analysis for related indexes in the field of hydrogen production with water electrolysis, for example, output scale of articles, academic influence, discipline layout, and international cooperation, and compares China’s strength with other countries around the world to obtain development trend of the technology in the world, thus formulating related development strategy and discipline policy for the technology and providing useful reference for corporate investment decision-making and researchers in selecting research direction.
An Observation on Curative Effect of Dahuang-Mudan Decoction among Patients Receiving Postoperative Chemotherapy of Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Wuxuan 
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE This thesis focuses on the research of the observation of curative effect of Dahuang-Mudan decoction(DMD) applied among the patients receiving chemotherapy in post operation of colon carcinoma. METHOD The selected cases of research have been 130 postoperative patients of colon carcinoma who had acquired hospitalization in some tertiary-grade A class hospital from June 2018 to December 2019, all of which are devided into two respetive groups by random number-- the Routine Group(RG) and the Contrast Group(CG), each containing 65 cases. Patients in RG get solely chemotherapy for rehabilitation, while the use of DMD is being added to patients in CG on the basis of standards in RG. After a certain period of treatment, some contrasts would be done in overall efficacy rate, the first anal exsufflation in post-operation, possibilities of complication and quality evaluation on life. RESULT After related treatment of DMD, patients in CG perform remarkably better in aspects of overall efficacy, the first anal exsufflation in post-operation, possibilities of complication occurence and quality evaluation on life than those in RG. CONCLUSION The use of DMD for postoperative patients of colon carcinoma who are receiving chemical treatment produces remarkable curative effect and vast value of clinical application, thus further promotion and practice could be positively adopted.
Colon carcinoma is clinically a malignant tumor frequently affecting in digestive system, occurring at the connection of sigmoid colon and rectum. With the continueous change of people’s diet constructure and tempo of life, the morbidity toll of colon carcinoma has seen a tendency of increase year by year. The age section of most of patients mainly lays between 35 to 55 years old in clinical, while male patients have suffered a higher morbidity than female ones, and the gender ratio could be a near 2:1[1]. The aetiological agent of colon carsinoma could be tightly connected to a diet that is high in fat and low in dietry fiber. A preference for high-fat food with low dietry fiber may incur chronic colonitis and intestinal polyps, which may further deteriorate into colon carcinoma. For clinical front line, the main method for the treatment of colon carcinoma is related operation at its core, along with a variety of postoperative adjuvant therapies. Western medicine tends to adopt chemotherapy, but the clinical effect could be less ideal for the patients while a number of side-effects may also emerge easily. The chinese traditional medicine tends to apply a dialectic therapy at core for the treatment, and the combination therapy including dialectic therapy and chemotherapy has gradually become a mainstream method for the treatment of colon carcinoma due to facual effectiveness of ameliorating curative-effects and reducing side-effects[2]. This research focuses on an analysis of the actual clinical curative-effects of DMD applied on patients who are receiving postoperative chemotherapy of colon carcinoma.
Psychosoziales Problemfeld-Assessment bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen – wer nutzt die online-Version unter www.CED-aktiv-werden.de?
Authors: Hüppe Angelika , Herzog Nina , Eisemann Nora , Langbrandtner Jana , Raspe Heiner 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Berücksichtigung psychosozialer Problemfelder zählt zu den Merkmalen einer guten Versorgung, auch von Patienten mit Morbus Crohn (MC) oder Colitis ulcerosa (CU). Seit 2014 wird Betroffenen mit chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankung (CED) online ein kostenfreies fragebogengestütztes Problemfeld-Assessment mit Versorgungsempfehlungen angeboten. Primäres Ziel unserer Datenanalyse ist die vergleichende Beschreibung soziodemografischer wie krankheitsbezogener Merkmale von Nutzerinnen und Nutzern dieses Angebotes.
Methodik Für eine retrospektive Datenanalyse wurde die online-Stichprobe (OG) bestehend aus 2156 MC oder CU-Kranken mit 852 Personen aus 2 CED-Versorgungsforschungsstudien verglichen (VG). Neben deskriptiven Verfahren kamen Regressions- und Kovarianzanalysen zum Einsatz.
Ergebnisse Die OG unterscheidet sich hoch signifikant und teils klinisch relevant von der VG. Jeder dritte ist jünger als 30 Jahre (VG: 19%); 45% haben Abitur (VG: 36%). In der OG befinden sich weniger Kranke in Remission (OG 34%; VG 59%). Auch unter Kontrolle der Unterschiede zeigt sich die OG im Vergleich zur VG in 12 der 17 erfassten psychosozialen Problemfelder als stärker belastet. Zu 5 von 9 krankheitsbezogenen Themenbereichen äußert sie einen stärkeren Informationsbedarf.
Schlussfolgerung Die internetbasierte Version des Problemfeld-Assessments wird v. a. von jüngeren, besser ausgebildeten und körperlich wie psychosozial stärker belasteten CED-Kranken genutzt. Sie weisen ein hohes Informationsbedürfnis auf. Das Problemfeld-Assessment dürfte ihnen dabei helfen, sich selbst aktiv in die eigene Versorgung einzubringen. Unsere Daten werfen weiteres Licht auf Besonderheiten von Internet-basierten Untersuchungsgruppen.
RSO im klinischen Alltag: Statuserfassung in Deutschland 2020
Authors: Freudenberg Lutz S. , Klett Rigobert , Fischer Manfred , Boddenberg-Pätzold Barbara , Tönshoff Gregor , Czech Norbert J. , Kampen Willm Uwe 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Radiosynoviorthese (RSO) ist eine seit Jahrzehnten eingeführte nuklearmedizinische Lokalbehandlung entzündlicher Gelenkerkrankungen, die überwiegend ambulant in nichtuniversitären Einrichtungen durchgeführt wird. Trotz umfangreicher Erfahrungen in einzelnen Institutionen gibt es kaum fassbare oder vergleichbare Daten über die Durchführung und/oder Erfolge dieser Therapie.
Fragestellung Ziel der Untersuchung war es, möglichst belastbare Daten zur RSO in Deutschland zu erhalten.
Materialien und Methoden Es wurde ein webbasierter Fragebogen eingesetzt. In ihm wurden demografische Daten, Ausbildung/Erlernen der RSO, prätherapeutischer Diagnostik, klinischer Verfahren und Follow-up abgefragt. Die Umfrage stand 28 Tage lang zur Verfügung und wurde am 30. November 2020 geschlossen.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt 78 Fachärzte für Nuklearmedizin beantworteten den Fragebogen, was einer Rücklaufquote von 23 % entspricht. Neben den hier erstmals dokumentierten Unterschieden und Übereinstimmungen bei prätherapeutischer Diagnostik, Durchführung und Nachsorge der RSO zeigt sich, dass weniger als 70 Fachärzte in Deutschland mehr als 75 % aller RSO-Behandlungen durchführen, und dass diese meist älter als 50 Jahre sind. Hieraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit einer verstärkten Nachwuchsförderung, um dieses hilfreiche Therapieverfahren auch in Zukunft den Patienten anbieten zu können.
Schlussfolgerungen Zum Erreichen dieser Ziele ist ein Zusammenschluss von RSO-Experten sinnvoll, durch die unter anderem ein Ausbildungs-Curriculum RSO erarbeitet wird sowie Fortbildungen und Hospitationsmöglichkeiten organisiert werden. Darüber hinaus wären auch ambulant-stationäre Kooperationsmodelle im Rahmen der Facharztausbildung denkbar.
Entwicklung der Publikationsleistung der Universitätskliniken für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie im Jahr 2020 in Deutschland
Authors: Guderian D. , Leinung M. , Weiss R. , Diensthuber M. , Stöver T. , Loth A. 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie hat an den Universitätskliniken für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde (HNO) zu tiefgreifenden Einschränkungen im Bereich der Krankenversorgung und der studentischen Lehre geführt. Die Auswirkungen auf den Bereich Forschung sind dagegen uneinheitlich. Zur Einordnung der pandemiebedingten Effekte auf die Forschung wurde die Entwicklung der Anzahl der wissenschaftlichen Publikationen der HNO-Universitätskliniken in Deutschland vor und während der Pandemie analysiert.
Material und Methoden Es wurde die Publikationsleistung aus den Jahren 2015–2020 der derzeitigen 39 Klinikdirektoren mithilfe einer Literaturrecherche (PubMed) erhoben. Eingeschlossen wurden alle Nennungen der Klinikdirektoren als Erst-, Letzt- oder Co-Autor einer Arbeit. Es wurde die absolute und relative Entwicklung der Publikationsleistung jedes Autors ermittelt und statistisch ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Literaturrecherche ergab 2420 Publikationen. Zwischen 2015 und 2019 wurden pro Jahr durchschnittlich 368 Publikationen von allen Autoren veröffentlicht. 2020 stieg diese Zahl um 57,9 % auf 581 Publikationen an. Während zwischen 2015 und 2019 die Anzahl der monatlichen Publikationen konstant blieb, zeigte sich ab Mai 2020 ein deutlicher Anstieg bis zu einem Maximum von 74 Veröffentlichungen im September 2020. 34 Arbeiten (5,9 %) aus dem Jahr 2020 wiesen einen thematischen Bezug zur SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie auf, wobei 7 dieser Arbeiten (20,6 %) durch standortübergreifende Veröffentlichungen entstanden sind.
Schlussfolgerung Im Jahr 2020 konnte die Zahl der wissenschaftlichen Publikationen auf mehr als das 1,5-fache der Veröffentlichungen der Vorjahre gesteigert werden. Diese Steigerung stand in einem deutlichen zeitlichen Zusammenhang zur Reduktion der elektiven Krankenversorgung während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie ab Mitte März 2020. Wahrscheinlich haben freie zeitliche Kapazitäten diese gesteigerte Publikationsleistung ermöglicht. Unsere Ergebnisse belegen das große wissenschaftliche Potenzial der universitären HNO-Kliniken, das trotz der Pandemie erfolgreich umgesetzt werden konnte.
An Unusual Cause of Sepsis: Infected Iliofemoral Junction False Aneurysm following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Pelissier Bruno , Lebreton Guillaume , Leprince Pascal , Demondion Pierre 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe article presents an unusual cause of sepsis happening several weeks after heart transplant (infected iliofemoral junction false aneurysm) requiring iliofemoral reconstruction with arterial homograft by both retroperitoneal and inguinal approaches combined with Sartorius myoplasty.
Staged Endovascular Repair of Aortic Coarctation followed by Double Valve Surgery
Authors: Avgerinos Dimitrios V. , Dayal Rajeev , Mack Charles , Lang Samuel , Mylonas Konstantinos S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present a unique case of late diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta in an adult, presenting with congestive heart failure associated with severe aortic and mitral valve insufficiency. To minimize operative risk, staged endovascular repair of the coarctation was initially performed, followed by aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair. Six months postoperatively, the 41-year-old patient remains completely asymptomatic.
Management of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in Different Settings
Authors: Partow-Navid Rod , Prasitlumkum Narut , Mukherjee Ashish , Varadarajan Padmini , Pai Ramdas G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a life-threatening condition that requires emergent, complex, well-coordinated treatment. Although the primary goal of treatment is simple to describe—reperfusion as quickly as possible—the management process is complicated and is affected by multiple factors including location, patient, and practitioner characteristics. Hence, this narrative review will discuss the recommended management and treatment strategies of STEMI in the circumstances.
Pneumothorax in Neonates Born to COVID-19–Positive Mothers: Fact or Fortuity?
Authors: Kamity Ranjith , Nayak Amrita , Dumpa Vikramaditya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeonates born to mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been largely asymptomatic based on initial reports. All neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 have tested negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in our institution (published data as of April 12, 2020). As novel presentations of COVID-19, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children are being increasingly reported, we raise the possibility of increased incidence of pneumothorax in neonates born to SARS-CoV-2–positive mothers. Two recently described neonates with COVID-19 infection were noted to have pneumothoraces. We describe two SARS-CoV-2–negative neonates born to COVID-19–positive mothers at 38 and 33 weeks, respectively, admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit for respiratory distress and subsequently developed pneumothoraces. As diverse clinical presentations in various age groups are being described, it becomes difficult to differentiate the increased incidence of complications related to an underlying illness, from COVID-19–related illness. It remains to be seen if neonates with in utero exposure to SARS-CoV-2 have an elevated inflammatory response with pneumonitis and exaggerated lung disease, similar to adult COVID-19 patients, due to in utero exposure.
Is Early Extubation Associated with Better Outcomes After Neonatal Congenital Heart Disease Surgery?
Authors: Thompson Nathan E. , Wakeham Martin K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEarly extubation (EE) of children after surgery (occurring within the operating room or ≤ 6 hours postadmission) for congenital heart disease (CHD) has been advocated to improve postoperative care. The objective of this study is to compare outcomes of neonates undergoing EE following CHD surgical repair with those extubated more than 6 hours after surgery. Retrospective cohort study utilizes data from the Virtual Pediatric Systems database. Data from neonates undergoing surgical repair for six common CHD lesions and admitted to 57 pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2015, were analyzed. A total of 1,274 neonates were analyzed; 100 (7.8%) had EE, and 146 (11.5%) were extubated > 6 hours but ≤ 24 hours. Most patients (80.4%) were extubated > 24 hours. The EE group had higher (p < 0.001) failed extubation rate than patients extubated at any other time; a multivariate analysis of linear regression showed no advantage in length of stay (LOS) of EE compared with those subjects who were extubated in the first 24 hours (p-value: 0.178). Extubation failure was found to impact ICU LOS in this analysis. The ICU LOS was increased by 3.5 days for every failed extubation attempt (p-value: <0.001, 95% confidence interval: 1.6–5.5 days). EE after CHD surgery is possible. Though it appears as an attractive option to decrease potential mechanical ventilation complications, this study of neonates shows that EE might result in worse outcomes than when performing extubation between 6 and 24 hours postoperatively.
Pro: Propofol Is a Better Induction Agent than Etomidate
Authors: Aggarwal Naresh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInduction refers to the start of anesthesia when the patient is rendered unconscious. The intravenous induction agents allow the patient to experience a pleasant loss of consciousness while also rapidly achieving surgical levels of anesthesia. An ideal induction agent must have a rapid onset and offset of action, and must be easy to administer and without significant side effects. Currently, the commonest used agents include sodium pentothal, propofol, ketamine, and etomidate. Unfortunately, none of these agents possess the characteristics of an ideal induction agent. In this article, we will discuss the merits of propofol as an ideal induction agent for cardiac surgery and how it scores over etomidate for the same purpose.
Multi-parameter coupling study of magnetron sputtering nickel–chromium thin film based on Taguchi-gray correlation method
Authors: Song Ding , Wu Wenge , Ren Zhiqiang , Cheng Yunping , Liu Lijuan 
Published: March 2021

In this study, a nickel–chromium film for detecting strain stress was deposited on 304 stainless steel substrates by the magnetron sputtering technique. The sputtering process parameters were optimized to obtain a better nickel–chromium film. Orthogonal array L16(44) design, signal-to-noise ratio calculation, and variance analysis were performed on the experimental data by the Taguchi method. The influence of the coupling of process parameters such as power, pressure, bias, and substrate temperature on the surface roughness, deposition rate, and resistivity of the film was studied. The power is the most significant influence factor affecting the film’s performance indicators, and the contribution rates of each process parameter to the response variables and the regression equation of each response variable are obtained. Finally, the gray correlation analysis results of the response variables show that at conditions of 200 W power, 1.6 Pa pressure, −100 V bias, and 400 °C substrate temperature, the surface roughness of the nickel–chromium film is 55 nm, the deposition rate is 110 nm/min, and the resistivity is 1.10 × 10−4 Ω cm. It can be seen that the best film performance parameter group can be obtained using the Taguchi gray correlation method under the multi-parameter coupling of the nickel–chromium thin-film.
Pursuing effective vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan protozoa
Authors: Florin-Christensen Monica , Schnittger Leonhard , Bastos Reginaldo G. , Rathinasamy Vignesh A. , Cooke Brian M. , Alzan Heba F. , Suarez Carlos E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Apicomplexan parasites are responsible for important livestock diseases that affect the production of much needed protein resources, and those transmissible to humans pose a public health risk. Vaccines, recognized as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for the prevention of infectious diseases in livestock, can avert losses in food production and decrease the exposure of humans to zoonotic pathogens. This review focuses on the need for and advances in vaccine development against the apicomplexan parasites
Theileria
spp.,
Babesia
spp.,
Toxoplasma gondii
,
Neospora caninum
,
Eimeria
spp.,
Besnoitia
spp.,
Sarcocystis
spp., and
Cryptosporidium parvum
. Together, the effect of these parasites on the cattle industry worldwide causes an enormous burden, yet they remain poorly controlled and very few effective and practical vaccines against them are available. Vaccine development is hampered by our scarce and limited knowledge of the biology and mechanisms of pathogenesis of these microorganisms, and the absence of correlates of host immune protection. More studies focused on these aspects as well as on the identification of parasite vulnerabilities that can be exploited for vaccine design are needed. Novel “omics” and gene editing approaches in understanding complex parasite biology together with advances in vaccinology will facilitate the development of effective, sustainable, and practical vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan parasites. Such vaccines will help prevent animal and human diseases and allow production of enough animal protein to feed the growing human population in the twenty-first century and beyond.