bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newly identified host range of viruses infecting species of the genus Allium and their distribution in six habitats in the Czech Republic
Authors: Mansouri Faten , Krahulec František , Duchoslav Martin , Ryšánek Pavel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudies on plant viruses are concentrated mainly towards crop diseases and little is known about viruses in wild and ornamental species. We surveyed viruses infecting 65 vegetable, wild, and ornamental Allium species cultivated or naturally occurring in the Czech Republic. Allium plants were collected from six habitat categories (botanical gardens, private gardens, cultivated fields, ornamentals from markets, cultivated plants of wild origin, wild origin). Samples were tested by ELISA and/or reverse transcription‐PCR for the presence of 15 viruses belonging to the genera Allexivirus, Carlavirus, Potyvirus, and Orthotospovirus. Of the 883 sampled plants, 63.4% were infected by at least one or more viruses. The infection rate of Allium samples differed depending on the habitat origin and phylogenetic relatedness of the hosts. Viruses were most frequently detected in cultivated species, with a high incidence of leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), garlic common latent virus (GCLV), shallot virus X (ShVX), garlic virus A (GarV‐A), and garlic virus B (GarV‐B). Low infection rates and virus‐free samples were detected in species of wild origin. Composition of viruses belonging to the genus Allexivirus significantly differentiated the subgenus Melanocrommyum from other Allium subgenera. Mixed infections (51.1% of analysed plants) were widespread in most species. New host associations were observed for some viruses previously recorded in the Czech Republic. In addition, three viruses, shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), and iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), were detected for the first time on Allium species in the Czech Republic.
Crystal structure of chloroplastic thioredoxin z defines a type‐specific target recognition
Authors: Le Moigne Théo , Gurrieri Libero , Crozet Pierre , Marchand Christophe H. , Zaffagnini Mirko , Sparla Francesca , Lemaire Stéphane D. , Henri Julien 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThioredoxins (TRXs) are ubiquitous disulfide oxidoreductases structured according to a highly conserved fold. TRXs are involved in a myriad of different processes through a common chemical mechanism. Plant TRXs evolved into seven types with diverse subcellular localization and distinct protein target selectivity. Five TRX types coexist in the chloroplast, with yet scarcely described specificities. We solved the crystal structure of a chloroplastic z‐type TRX, revealing a conserved TRX fold with an original electrostatic surface potential surrounding the redox site. This recognition surface is distinct from all other known TRX types from plant and non‐plant sources and is exclusively conserved in plant z‐type TRXs. We show that this electronegative surface endows thioredoxin z (TRXz) with a capacity to activate the photosynthetic Calvin–Benson cycle enzyme phosphoribulokinase. The distinct electronegative surface of TRXz thereby extends the repertoire of TRX–target recognitions.
Screening of blood donors for sickle cell trait using a DNA‐based approach: Frequency in a multiethnic donor population
Authors: Gowda Lohith , Vege Sunitha , Kessler Debra , Shaz Beth , Westhoff Connie M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMinority RBC donors are important to support the transfusion needs of patients with sickle cell disease. Testing of donors for sickle cell trait (SCT) is performed to avoid transfusion of hemoglobin S+ (HbS+) RBCs to specific patient groups and to investigate leukoreduction failures. A screening assay based on hemoglobin solubility is commonly used. The purpose of this study was to validate a DNA approach for HbS screening.MethodsHemoglobin solubility screening (Pacific Hemostasis or SICKLEDEX) and PreciseType human erythrocyte antigen (HEA)‐HbS (Immucor) targeting c.20A>T in the β‐globin gene were performed according to manufacturer's directions. Resolution of differences in results included gene sequencing and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultsInitial validation of HEA‐HbS performed by testing 60 known samples, 20 HbS/A, A/A, and S/S, gave expected results. However, in the subsequent parallel testing phase, 4/58 samples HbS+ by solubility assay tested negative by HEA‐HbS; the negative results were confirmed by β‐globin gene sequencing. Samples from donors self‐identifying as White testing HbS+ by solubility assay (n = 60) were retested by HEA‐HbS and HPLC. The HEA‐HbS assay was concordant with HPLC which is recognized as the gold standard for hemoglobin variation.ConclusionA DNA‐based approach is an alternative to screen donors for SCT, found in approximately 7% of Black and 1.7% of our random donors. HEA‐HbS correlated with HPLC results in all samples tested, supporting the use of HEA‐HbS as the test of record. The method allows higher throughput screening and testing at the donor center allows association of the screening result with the donor record to avoid repeat testing.
Decision-making for children requiring interhospital transport: assessment of a novel triage tool
Authors: Slater Anthony , Crosbie Deanne , Essenstam Dionne , Hoggard Brett , Holmes Paul , McEniery Julie , Thompson Michelle 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe use of specialist retrieval teams to transport critically ill children is associated with reduced risk-adjusted mortality and morbidity; however, there is a paucity of data to guide decision-making related to retrieval team activation. We aimed to assess the accuracy of a novel triage tool designed to identify critically ill children at the time of referral for interhospital transport.DesignProspective observational study.SettingRegional paediatric retrieval and transport services.PatientsData were collected for 1815 children referred consecutively for interhospital transport from 87 hospitals in Queensland and northern New South Wales.InterventionImplementation of the Queensland Paediatric Transport Triage Tool.Main outcome measuresAccuracy was assessed by calculating the sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value for predicting transport by a retrieval team, or admission to intensive care following transport.ResultsA total of 574 (32%) children were transported with a retrieval team. Prediction of retrieval (95% CIs): sensitivity 96.9% (95% CI 95.1% to 98.1%), specificity 91.4% (95% CI 89.7% to 92.9%), negative predictive value 98.4% (95% CI 97.5% to 99.1%). There were 412 (23%) children admitted to intensive care following transport. Prediction of intensive care admission: sensitivity 96.8% (95% CI 94.7% to 98.3%), specificity 81.2% (95% CI 79.0% to 83.2%), negative predictive value 98.9% (95% CI 98.1% to 99.4%).ConclusionsThe triage tool predicted the need for retrieval or intensive care admission with high sensitivity and specificity. The high negative predictive value indicates that, in our setting, children categorised as acutely ill rather than critically ill are generally suitable for interhospital transport without a retrieval team.
Growth and adrenarche: findings from the CATS observational study
Authors: Goddings Anne-Lise , Viner Russell M , Mundy Lisa , Romaniuk Helena , Molesworth Charlotte , Carlin John B , Allen Nicholas B , Patton George C 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that patterns of pubertal maturation are associated with different patterns of health risk. This study aimed to explore the associations between anthropometric measures and salivary androgen concentrations in pre-adolescent children.MethodsWe analysed a stratified random sample (N=1151) of pupils aged 8–9 years old from 43 primary schools in Melbourne, Australia from the Childhood to Adolescence Transition Study. Saliva samples were assayed for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA-sulfate and testosterone. Anthropometric measures included height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Associations between (1) anthropometric measures and each androgen, and (2) hormone status with obesity and parental report of pubertal development were investigated using linear regression modelling with general estimating equations.ResultsGreater height, weight, BMI and waist circumference were positively associated with higher androgen concentrations, after adjusting for sex and socioeconomic status. Being overweight or obese was associated with higher testosterone and DHEA concentrations compared with the normal BMI category. Those who were obese were more likely (OR=2.7, 95% CI 1.61 to 4.43, p<0.001) to be in the top tertile of age-adjusted androgen status in both sexes.ConclusionThis study provides clear evidence for an association between obesity and higher androgen levels in mid-childhood. The adrenal transition may be a critical time period for weight management intervention strategies in order to manage the risk for metabolic problems in later life for high-risk individuals.
Pasta meal intake in relation to risks of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women : findings from the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Huang Mengna , Lo Kenneth , Li Jie , Allison Matthew , Wu Wen-Chih , Liu Simin 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between pasta meal intake and long-term risk of developing diabetes or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke) in postmenopausal women.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingWomen’s Health Initiative (WHI) in the USA.Participants84 555 postmenopausal women aged 50–79 in 1994, who were free of diabetes, ASCVD and cancer at baseline who were not in the dietary modification trial of the WHI, completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, and were evaluated for incident diabetes and ASCVD outcomes during the follow-up until 2010.Main outcome measureDiabetes and ASCVD.ResultsCox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association (HR) between quartiles of pasta meal consumption (residuals after adjusting for total energy) and the risk of incidence diabetes, CHD, stroke or ASCVD, accounting for potential confounding factors, with testing for linear trend. We then statistically evaluated the effect of substituting white bread or fried potato for pasta meal on disease risk. When comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles of residual pasta meal intake, we observed significantly reduced risk of ASCVD (HR=0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.96, p trend=0.002), stroke (HR=0.84, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.93, p trend=0.001), CHD (HR=0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.00, p trend=0.058) and no significant alteration in diabetes risk (HR=1.02, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.07, p trend=0.328). Replacing white bread or fried potato with pasta meal was statistically associated with decreased risk of stroke and ASCVD.ConclusionsPasta meal intake did not have adverse effects on long-term diabetes risk and may be associated with significant reduced risk of stroke and ASCVD. The potential benefit of substituting pasta meal for other commonly consumed starchy foods on cardiometabolic outcomes warrants further investigation in additional high-quality and large prospective studies of diverse populations.
Prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in Chinese patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: a cross-sectional study on 653 patients
Authors: Li Zhui , Yang Hong , Zhang Wenfang , Wang Jing , Zhao Yu , Cheng Jun 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and identify predictive factors of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) in Southern Chinese patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).DesignA cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsA total of 653 patients with PAD admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2014 to July 2019.Main outcome measuresThe degree of carotid stenosis was assessed by Duplex ultrasound and classified as normal (no stenosis), mild (<50% stenosis), moderate (50%–69% stenosis), severe (≥70% stenosis or near occlusion) and total occlusion. Patients with stenosis ≥50% were classified as having significant ACAS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the risk associated with concomitant factors of ACAS.ResultsThe mean age was 71.5±5.5 years, and 55.9% of the patients were men. Significant ACAS stenosis accounted for 128 (19.6%) cases, including 68 (10.4%) cases of moderate stenosis (50%–69%), 46 (7.0%) cases of severe stenosis (70%–99%) and 14 (2.1%) cases of total occlusion. Multivariable analysis revealed that age ≥70 years (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.18), an ankle brachial index (ABI) ≤0.5 (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.34 to 8.55), an ABI ≤0.4 (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.47 to 10.06) and Fontaine stage IV (OR 4.53, 95% CI 1.47 to 13.88) are predictive factors of significant ACAS.ConclusionThe prevalence of significant ACAS (stenosis ≥50%) in patients with PAD was approximately 19.6%. Significant ACAS was more common in patients with PAD older than 70 years, particularly in patients with an ABI <0.5 and those classified as Fontaine stage IV. Selective carotid screening may be more worthwhile in these high-risk patients with PAD.
Stress, anxiety and depression among healthcare workers facing COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt: a cross-sectional online-based study
Authors: Aly Hebatalla Mohamed , Nemr Nader Attia , Kishk Rania Mohammed , Elsaid Noha Mohamed Abu bakr 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis study assessed perceived stress, anxiety and depression among healthcare workers facing the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt.SettingThis was an online study where a Google form was prepared including sociodemographic and occupational data as well as three validated questionnaires to assess perceived stress, anxiety and depression, respectively. The form was distributed online to all social media groups including healthcare workers all across the country, and responses were collected until the sample size of 262.ParticipantsHealthcare workers (physicians, dentists, pharmacists, physiotherapists, nurses, technicians and administrators) working in governmental or educational hospitals from all Egyptian governorates who are members of social media groups. The mean age of participants was 33.4±5.9 years, 70% were women, about 70% were married and 66% were physicians.OutcomesThe frequency of perceived stress, anxiety and depression observed among the study participants according to the results of their questionnaires. Then the frequencies were compared between different sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsOnly 1.3% showed low perceived stress while 98.5% showed moderate to severe stress. About 9.5% did not experience generalised anxiety, while the remaining 90.5% had different degrees of anxiety as mild anxiety showed the highest per cent affecting about 40% of participants followed by moderate anxiety about 32% then severe anxiety, 18.5%. With regard to depression, 94% of participants showed mild to severe depression.ConclusionThis study showed a high prevalence of perceived stress, anxiety and depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic that affected all workers regardless of different sociodemographic characteristics.
Pandemic response in pluralistic health systems: a cross-sectional study of COVID-19 knowledge and practices among informal and formal primary care providers in Bihar, India
Authors: Rao Krishna D , Kaur Japneet , Peters Michael A , Kumar Navneet , Nanda Priya 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesResponding to pandemics is challenging in pluralistic health systems. This study assesses COVID-19 knowledge and case management of informal providers (IPs), trained practitioners of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) and Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) medical doctors providing primary care services in rural Bihar, India.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study of primary care providers conducted via telephone between 1 and 15 July 2020.SettingPrimary care providers from 224 villages in 34 districts across Bihar, India.Participants452 IPs, 57 AYUSH practitioners and 38 doctors (including 23 government doctors) were interviewed from a census of 1138 primary care providers used by community members that could be reached by telephone.Primary outcome measure(s)Providers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire with choice-based answers to gather information on (1) change in patient care seeking, (2) source of COVID-19 information, (3) knowledge on COVID-19 spread, symptoms and methods for prevention and (4) clinical management of COVID-19.ResultsDuring the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, 72% of providers reported a decrease in patient visits. Most IPs and other private primary care providers reported receiving no COVID-19 related engagement with government or civil society agencies. For them, the principal source of COVID-19 information was television and newspapers. IPs had reasonably good knowledge of typical COVID-19 symptoms and prevention, and at levels similar to doctors. However, there was low stated compliance among IPs (16%) and qualified primary care providers (15% of MBBS doctors and 12% of AYUSH practitioners) with all WHO recommended management practices for suspect COVID-19 cases. Nearly half of IPs and other providers intended to treat COVID-19 suspects without referral.ConclusionsPoor management practices of COVID-19 suspects by rural primary care providers weakens government pandemic control efforts. Government action of providing information to IPs, as well as engaging them in contact tracing or public health messaging can strengthen pandemic control efforts.
Methods and results used in the development of a consensus-driven extension to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement for trials conducted using cohorts and routinely collected data (CONSORT-ROUTINE)
Authors: Imran Mahrukh , Kwakkenbos Linda , McCall Stephen J , McCord Kimberly A , Fröbert Ole , Hemkens Lars G , Zwarenstein Merrick , Relton Clare , Rice Danielle B , Langan Sinéad M , Benchimol Eric I , Thabane Lehana , Campbell Marion K , Sampson Margaret , Erlinge David , Verkooijen Helena M , Moher David , Boutron Isabelle , Ravaud Philippe , Nicholl Jon , Uher Rudolf , Sauvé Maureen , Fletcher John , Torgerson David , Gale Chris , Juszczak Edmund , Thombs Brett D 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesRandomised controlled trials conducted using cohorts and routinely collected data, including registries, electronic health records and administrative databases, are increasingly used in healthcare intervention research. A Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement extension for trials conducted using cohorts and routinely collected data (CONSORT-ROUTINE) has been developed with the goal of improving reporting quality. This article describes the processes and methods used to develop the extension and decisions made to arrive at the final checklist.MethodsThe development process involved five stages: (1) identification of the need for a reporting guideline and project launch; (2) conduct of a scoping review to identify possible modifications to CONSORT 2010 checklist items and possible new extension items; (3) a three-round modified Delphi study involving key stakeholders to gather feedback on the checklist; (4) a consensus meeting to finalise items to be included in the extension, followed by stakeholder piloting of the checklist; and (5) publication, dissemination and implementation of the final checklist.Results27 items were initially developed and rated in Delphi round 1, 13 items were rated in round 2 and 11 items were rated in round 3. Response rates for the Delphi study were 92 of 125 (74%) invited participants in round 1, 77 of 92 (84%) round 1 completers in round 2 and 62 of 77 (81%) round 2 completers in round 3. Twenty-seven members of the project team representing a variety of stakeholder groups attended the in-person consensus meeting. The final checklist includes five new items and eight modified items. The extension Explanation & Elaboration document further clarifies aspects that are important to report.ConclusionUptake of CONSORT-ROUTINE and accompanying Explanation & Elaboration document will improve conduct of trials, as well as the transparency and completeness of reporting of trials conducted using cohorts and routinely collected data.
Effect of serial awake prone positioning on oxygenation in patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19
Authors: Barker Joseph , Pan Daniel , Koeckerling David , Baldwin Alexander James , West Raha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionAwake prone positioning (APP) might benefit patients with COVID-19 by improving oxygenation, but it is unknown whether this improvement can be sustained with serial proning episodes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of adults with COVID-19 admitted to one intensive care unit, in those who underwent APP and controls. Patients in both groups had type 1 respiratory failure requiring oxygen (but not initially intubated), confirmed SARS-CoV-2 PCR by nasopharyngeal swab and findings of multifocal ground-glass opacities on imaging. For the APP group, serial SpO2/FiO2 measurements were recorded after each proning episode.ResultsOf 77 patients admitted, 50 (65%) were excluded because they had already been intubated. Another 7 (9%) had undergone APP prior to admission. Of the remaining 20, 10 underwent APP and 10 were controls. Patients in both groups had similar demographics, subsequent intubation and survival. Of those who underwent APP, SpO2/FiO2 was most likely to increase after the first episode (before median: 152, IQR 135–185; after: median 192, IQR 156–234, p=0.04). Half of participants (5) in the APP group were unable to tolerate more than two APP episodes.ConclusionsMost patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care are not suitable for APP. Of those who are, many cannot tolerate more than two episodes. Improvements in SpO2/FiO2 secondary to APP are transient and most likely in the first episode. Our findings may explain why other studies have failed to show improvements in mortality from APP despite improvements in oxygenation.