bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cell exosome-derived miR-223 alleviates acute graft-versus-host disease via reducing the migration of donor T cells
Authors: Liu Weijiang , Zhou Na , Liu Yuanlin , Zhang Wei , Li Xue , Wang Yang , Zheng Rongxiu , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been utilized in treating acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) as they show strong immunosuppressive capacity through the release of various mediators, including immunosuppressive molecules, growth factors, chemokines, and exosomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) derived from MSC exosomes (MSCs-Exo) play a critical role in the regulation of immune responses. However, the function of miRNAs in treating aGvHD remains unknown. Here, we performed expression profiling of exosome-miRNAs from human umbilical cord MSCs (huc-MSCs) and murine compact bone MSCs (mb-MSCs) to investigate their immunoregulation effects in aGvHD.

Methods
Huc-MSCs-Exo and mb-MSCs-Exo were isolated and constructed MSCs-Exo-derived miRNA expression profiling using high-throughput sequencing. High expression of miR-223 was identified in both kinds of MSCs-Exo by bioinformatics analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In vitro cell crawling assay, transmigration assay and adhesion assay were subsequently applied to investigate the regulation of miR-223 on T cells. MiR-223 target gene was analyzed by western blot, luciferase analysis, and qPCR. Moreover, murine aGvHD model was established by infusing splenocytes and bone marrow nuclear cells from C57BL/6j mice (H-2Kb) into BALB/c recipient mice (H-2Kd). For therapeutic effect, MSCs or miR-223 Agomir were injected via tail vein. The general conditions of the mice in each group were monitored. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect pathological changes of mice spleen, liver, and intestine. Mechanistically, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to evaluate donor T cell migration, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of serum inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17.

Results
High-throughput sequencing revealed high expression of miR-223 in huc-MSCs-Exo and mb-MSCs-Exo. MiR-223 could restrain adhesion and migration of T cells by inhibiting ICAM-1 expression in mouse lymphatic endothelial cells. MiR-223Agomir infusion attenuated aGvHD clinical symptoms, reduced the donor T cell infiltration into the spleen, liver, and intestine, and decreased inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17.

Conclusion
MSCs-Exo-derived miR-223 could attenuate aGvHD in mice through decreasing donor T cell migration. Our results unveil a new role of MSCs-Exo containing miR-223 in the treatment of aGvHD.
Relationship between three-dimensional velocity of filament eruptions and CME association
Authors: Seki Daikichi , Otsuji Kenichi , Ishii Takako T. , Asai Ayumi , Ichimoto Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is widely recognised that filament disappearances or eruptions are frequently associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Since CMEs are a major source of disturbances of the space environment surrounding the Earth, it is important to investigate these associations in detail for the better prediction of CME occurrence. However, the proportion of filament disappearances associated with CMEs is under debate. The estimates range from $$\sim$$
∼
10 to $$\sim$$
∼
90% and could be affected by the manners to select the events. In this study, we aim to reveal what parameters control the association between filament eruptions and CMEs. We analysed the relationships between CME associations and the physical parameters of filaments including their length, maximum ascending velocity, and direction of eruptions using 28 events of filament eruptions observed in H$$\alpha$$
α
. We found that the product of the maximum radial velocity and the filament length is well correlated with the CME occurrence. If the product is larger than $$8.0 \times 10^{6}$$

8.0
×

10
6

$$\text {km}^{2}$$

km
2

$$\text {s}^{-1}$$

s

-
1

, the filament will become a CME with a probability of 93%, and if the product is smaller than this value, it will not become a CME with a probability of 100%. We suggest a kinetic-energy threshold above which filament eruptions are associated with CMEs. Our findings also suggest the importance of measuring the velocity vector of filament eruption in three-dimensional space for the better prediction of CME occurrence.
Inference of a causal relation between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertension using mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Go Tae-Hwa , Kwak Kyeong Im , Jang Ji-Yun , Yu Minheui , Kim Hye Sim , Kim Jang Young , Koh Sang Baek , Kang Dae Ryong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
It is known in some studies that higher the LDL-C, the greater the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. However, studies of the causal effects between LDL-C and hypertension are limited by their observational study design, and genetic epidemiology studies of associations between LDL-C and hypertension are lacking, as are studies using data for Koreans. In this study, we confirmed the causal effect of LDL-C on hypertension using Korean chip data.

Method
The epidemiology and genotype data were collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study conducted by the Korea National Institute of Health and covered 20,701 subjects. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with LDL-C were selected (p-value < 5 × 10− 8) from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium database, and Mendelian randomization analysis (MRA) was performed with counted genetic risk scores and weighted genetic risk scores (WGRSs) for 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Result
The assumptions for MRA were statistically confirmed, and WGRSs showed a strong association with LDL-C. Interestingly, while the relationship between LDL-C and hypertension was not statistically significant in the observational study, MRA study demonstrated that the risk of hypertension increased as LDL-C increased in both men and women.

Conclusions
The results of this study confirmed that the relationship between LDL-C and hypertension is greatly influenced by genetic information.
Binary phase hopping based spreading code authentication technique
Authors: Wang Shenran , Liu Hao , Tang Zuping , Ye Bin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCivil receivers of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are vulnerable to spoofing and jamming attacks due to their signal structures. The Spreading Code Authentication (SCA) technique is one of the GNSS message encryption identity authentication techniques. Its robustness and complexity are in between Navigation Message Authentication (NMA) and Navigation Message Encryption (NME)/Spreading Code Encryption (SCE). A commonly used spreading code authentication technique inserts unpredictable chips into the public spreading code. This method changes the signal structure, degrades the correlation of the spreading code, and causes performance loss. This paper proposes a binary phase hopping based spreading code authentication technique, which can achieve identity authentication without changing the existing signal structure. Analysis shows that this method can reduce the performance loss of the original signal and has good compatibility with the existing receiver architecture.
Optimization and comparison of ℽ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production by LAB in soymilk using RSM and ANN models
Authors: Rayavarapu Bhargavi , Tallapragada Padmavathi , MS Usha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
ℽ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinaceous amino acid. In the mammalian nervous system, GABA functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. The present study focused on screening and optimization of ℽ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yield by lactic acid bacteria by using soymilk as basal media. Lactobacillus fermentum (Lb. fermentum) was isolated from sourdough. The qualitative confirmation of GABA production by Lb. fermentum was observed by detecting colored spots on thin layer chromatography plate (TLC) and comparing it with standard GABA spot. The GABA from bacteria is confirmed by its molecular mass using mass spectrophotometry analysis (MS analysis). Single variable experiments were conducted for various physical and nutritional parameters, and determined the GABA content produced from Lb. fermentum, viable bacterial count, and pH of the fermented soymilk medium. Experimental data were authenticated by using response surface method (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) model.

Results
The results demonstrated that through single variable experiments, the yield of GABA and the viable bacterial cells increased in soymilk containing one percent of glucose, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and inoculum volume incubated at 37 °C, 48 h at pH 5. According to RSM results, the interaction of the highest concentration of MSG (1.5%) and mid glucose concentration (1.156%) yielded maximum GABA (5.54 g/L). The experimental data were in good agreement with two optimization models. The RSM models showed less error percentage than that of the ANN model.

Conclusion
This study indicates that soymilk is the best basal substrate for GABA production and growth of Lb. fermentum compared to synthetic media. Lb. fermentum can be explored further by food and pharmaceutical industries for the development of functional foods and therapeutic purposes.
Clinical Efficacy of Olaparib in IDH1/IDH2-Mutant Mesenchymal Sarcomas
Authors: Eder Joseph P. , Doroshow Deborah B. , Do Khanh T. , Keedy Vicki L. , Sklar Jeffrey S. , Glazer Peter , Bindra Ranjit , Shapiro Geoffrey I. 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE Tumors with neomorphic mutations in IDH1/2 have defective homologous recombination repair, resulting in sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition. The Olaparib Combination trial is a phase II, open-label study in which patients with solid tumors harboring IDH1/2 mutations were treated with olaparib as monotherapy, with objective response and clinical benefit rates as the primary end points. METHODS Ten patients with IDH1/2-mutant tumors by next-generation sequencing were treated with olaparib 300 mg twice daily. RESULTS Three of five patients with chondrosarcomas had clinical benefit, including one patient with a partial response and two with stable disease lasting > 7 months. A patient with pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma had stable disease lasting 11 months. In contrast, clinical benefit was not observed among four patients with cholangiocarcinoma. CONCLUSION These results indicate preliminary activity of PARP inhibition in patients with IDH1/2-mutant chondrosarcoma and pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Further studies of PARP inhibitors alone and in combination in this patient population are warranted.
A Retrospective Analysis Demonstrates That a Failure to Document Key Comorbid Diseases in the Anesthesia Preoperative Evaluation Associates With Increased Length of Stay and Mortality
Authors: Hofer Ira S. , Cheng Drew , Grogan Tristan 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
The introduction of electronic health records (EHRs) has helped physicians access relevant medical information on their patients. However, the design of EHRs can make it hard for clinicians to easily find, review, and document all of the relevant data, leading to documentation that is not fully reflective of the complete history. We hypothesized that the incidence of undocumented key comorbid diseases (atrial fibrillation [afib], congestive heart failure [CHF], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], diabetes, and chronic kidney disease [CKD]) in the anesthesia preoperative evaluation was associated with increased postoperative length of stay (LOS) and mortality.

METHODS:
Charts of patients >18 years who received anesthesia in an inpatient facility were reviewed in this retrospective study. For each disease, a precise algorithm was developed to look for key structured data (medications, lab results, structured medical history, etc) in the EHR. Additionally, the checkboxes from the anesthesia preoperative evaluation were queried to determine the presence or absence of the documentation of the disease. Differences in mortality were modeled with logistic regression, and LOS was analyzed using linear regression.

RESULTS:
A total of 91,011 cases met inclusion criteria (age 18–89 years; 52% women, 48% men; 70% admitted from home). Agreement between the algorithms and the preoperative note was >84% for all comorbidities other than chronic pain (63.5%). The algorithm-detected disease not documented by the anesthesia team in 34.5% of cases for chronic pain (vs 1.9% of cases where chronic pain was documented but not detected by the algorithm), 4.0% of cases for diabetes (vs 2.1%), 4.3% of cases for CHF (vs 0.7%), 4.3% of cases for COPD (vs 1.1%), 7.7% of cases for afib (vs 0.3%), and 10.8% of cases for CKD (vs 1.7%). To assess the association of missed documentation with outcomes, we compared patients where the disease was detected by the algorithm but not documented (A+/P−) with patients where the disease was documented (A+/P+). For all diseases except chronic pain, the missed documentation was associated with a longer LOS. For mortality, the discrepancy was associated with increased mortality for afib, while the differences were insignificant for the other diseases. For each missed disease, the odds of mortality increased 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-1.63) and the LOS increased by approximately 11%, geometric mean ratio of 1.11 (95% CI, 1.10-1.12).

CONCLUSIONS:
Anesthesia preoperative evaluations not infrequently fail to document disease for which there is evidence of disease in the EHR data. This missed documentation is associated with an increased LOS and mortality in perioperative patients.
Anesthetic Hypersensitivity in a Case-Controlled Series of Patients With Mitochondrial Disease
Authors: Hsieh Vincent C. , Niezgoda Julie , Sedensky Margaret M. , Hoppel Charles L. , Morgan Philip G. 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Children with mitochondrial disease undergo anesthesia for a wide array of surgical procedures. However, multiple medications used for their perioperative care can affect mitochondrial function. Defects in function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) can lead to a profound hypersensitivity to sevoflurane in children. We studied the sensitivities to sevoflurane, during mask induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, in children presenting for muscle biopsies for diagnosis of mitochondrial disease.

METHODS:
In this multicenter study, 91 children, aged 6 months to 16 years, presented to the operating room for diagnostic muscle biopsy for presumptive mitochondrial disease. General anesthesia was induced by a slow increase of inhaled sevoflurane concentration. The primary end point, end-tidal (ET) sevoflurane necessary to achieve a bispectral index (BIS) of 60, was recorded. Secondary end points were maximal sevoflurane used to maintain a BIS between 40 and 60 during the case, and maximum and minimum heart rate and blood pressures. After induction, general anesthesia was maintained according to the preferences of the providers directing the cases. Primary data were analyzed comparing data from patients with complex I deficiencies to other groups using nonparametric statistics in SPSS v.27.

RESULTS:
The median sevoflurane concentration to reach BIS of 60 during inductions (ET sevoflurane % [BIS = 60]) was significantly lower for patients with complex I defects (0.98%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-1.4) compared to complex II (1.95%; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7; P < .001), complex III (2.0%; 95% CI, 0.7-3.5; P < .001), complex IV (2.0%; 95% CI, 1.7-3.2; P < .001), and normal groups (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.8-3.0; P < .001). The sevoflurane sensitivities of complex I patients did not reach significance when compared to patients diagnosed with mitochondrial disease but without an identifiable ETC abnormality (P = .172). Correlation of complex I activity with ET sevoflurane % (BIS = 60) gave a Spearman’s coefficient of 0.505 (P < .001). The differences in sensitivities between groups were less during the maintenance of the anesthetic than during induction.

CONCLUSIONS:
The data indicate that patients with complex I dysfunction are hypersensitive to sevoflurane compared to normal patients. Hypersensitivity was less common in patients presenting with other mitochondrial defects or without a mitochondrial diagnosis.
Tissue growth constrains root organ outlines into an isometrically scalable shape
Authors: Fujiwara Motohiro , Goh Tatsuaki , Tsugawa Satoru , Nakajima Keiji , Fukaki Hidehiro , Fujimoto Koichi 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTOrgan morphologies are diverse but also conserved under shared developmental constraints among species. Any geometrical similarities in the shape behind diversity and the underlying developmental constraints remain unclear. Plant root tip outlines commonly exhibit a dome shape, which likely performs physiological functions, despite the diversity in size and cellular organization among distinct root classes and/or species. We carried out morphometric analysis of the primary roots of ten angiosperm species and of the lateral roots (LRs) of Arabidopsis, and found that each root outline was isometrically scaled onto a parameter-free catenary curve, a stable structure adopted for arch bridges. Using the physical model for bridges, we analogized that localized and spatially uniform occurrence of oriented cell division and expansion force the LR primordia (LRP) tip to form a catenary curve. These growth rules for the catenary curve were verified by tissue growth simulation of developing LRP development based on time-lapse imaging. Consistently, LRP outlines of mutants compromised in these rules were found to deviate from catenary curves. Our analyses demonstrate that physics-inspired growth rules constrain plant root tips to form isometrically scalable catenary curves.
'Strategy-as-practice' by hospital personnel in hospitals: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Donohoe Carolyn , Frazer Kate , Stokes Diarmuid , Kroll Thilo 
Published: February 2021

Background: Strategy in hospitals is based on distinct principles and rules which lead organisations to act on chosen priorities. Hospitals are struggling to cope with increasing service demands and activity and need to become more responsive to changing environments while demonstrating effective use of resources. Strategizing involves the active process of sensing, planning, implementing and evaluating strategy. Strategy-as-practice is concerned with what people do about strategy in an organisation, as opposed to the traditional focus on what the organisation has as a strategy. It is recognised that there is a disconnection between strategic planning and implementation, however little is known about how organisational context influences the strategic process or how hospital personnel engage in strategic activities. The aim of this scoping review is to explore the literature on strategizing by hospital personnel in hospitals, and will include literature for hospital both professional and managerial backgrounds, to establish the extent and breadth of strategizing or as it is often termed ‘strategy-as-practice’ in hospitals. Methods: The systematic scoping review will search the literature within the databases of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ABI/INFORM (Proquest) and OpenGrey.net to explore the scientific evidence on strategizing in hospitals. The review will be based on the Arksey & O’Malley (2005) framework of five mandatory steps which was updated (Levac et al 2010, Colquhoun et al 2014 & Peters 2015) and is published online by the Joanna Briggs Institute. It will follow the PRISMA-ScP reporting guidelines. Conclusion: A scoping review methodology will provide a framework to explore strategizing in hospitals comprehensively and map the body of literature for this subject, which has not been conducted previously. This review will summarise the evidence on the use of strategy as practice in hospitals. Based on the findings we will identify knowledge gaps and areas for future research.
The effect of sertraline on depression and associations with persistent depression in survivors of HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Lofgren Sarah M. , Velamakanni Sruti S. , Huppler Hullsiek Katherine , Bangdiwala Ananta S. , Namudde Alice , Musubire Abdu K. , Mpoza Edward , Abassi Mahsa , Pastick Katelyn A. , Nuwagira Edwin , Evans Emily E. , Rajsasingham Radha , Williams Darlisha A. , Muzoora Conrad , Creswell Fiona V. , Rhein Joshua , Bond David J. , Nakasujja Noeline , Meya David B. , Boulware David R. ,   Adjunctive Sertraline for the Treatment of HIV Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis (ASTRO-CM) team)
Published: February 2021

Background: Depression is a risk factor for worse outcomes in persons living with HIV/AIDS and has a prevalence more than three times as high as in the general population. Despite this, there are few randomized studies of antidepressants in HIV-infected Africans. Methods: We enrolled 460 HIV-infected Africans with cryptococcal meningitis into a randomized clinical trial of adjunctive sertraline vs placebo (2015-2017). We defined depression using depression using a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score of >15, and severe depression as >26 at one and three months after meningitis diagnosis and initiation of treatment.We evaluated the relationship between sertraline and depression, as well as associations with persistent depression, at three months. Results: At one- and three-months post meningitis diagnosis, 62% (108/174) and 44% (74/169) of all subjects had depression (CES>15), respectively. At three months, sertraline-treated subjects had consistent risk for depression as placebo-treated subjects but were significantly less likely to have severe depression (CES>26) (OR 0.335; 95%CI, 0.130-0.865). Of those with depression at one month, sertraline-treated subjects were less likely than placebo-treated subjects to be depressed at three months (p=0.05). Sertraline was the only factor we found significant in predicting persistent depression at three months among those who had depression at one month. Conclusions: Depression is highly prevalent in HIV-infected persons who have survived cryptococcal meningitis. We found that sertraline is associated with a modest reduction in depression in those with depression at baseline and a significant decrease in severe depression.