bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The preoperative C‐reactive protein–lymphocyte ratio and the prognosis of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ko Chien‐An , Fang Ku‐Hao , Hsu Cheng‐Ming , Lee Yi‐Chan , Chang Geng‐He , Huang Ethan I. , Tsai Ming‐Shao , Tsai Yao‐Te 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate the preoperative C‐reactive protein (CRP)–lymphocyte ratio (CLR) as a prognostic biomarker in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsThree hundred and sixteen patients with OSCC treated with curative surgery were retrospectively assessed and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the discriminative ability of inflammatory markers. The prognostic value of CLR was investigated with Cox proportional hazards analysis.ResultsThe CLR cutoff of 3.88 (p < 0.001) demonstrated optimal prognostic performance compared with other inflammatory combinations. A higher preoperative CLR (≥3.88) was significantly associated with clinicopathological aggressiveness and predicted unfavorable overall survival and disease‐free survival (hazard ratios = 3.498 and 1.994, respectively; both p < 0.001). The CLR‐based nomogram provided accurate survival prediction (concordance index: 0.803).ConclusionsPreoperative CLR is a feasible prognostic biomarker in patients with OSCC, and the CLR‐based nomogram might serve as prognostic tool in era of personalized medicine.
Does the national competency standards framework for pharmacists in Australia support the provision of behaviour change interventions?
Authors: Singh Harjit K , Kennedy Gerard A. , Stupans Ieva 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIssue addressedAustralian pharmacists are increasingly moving towards the provision of patient‐centred professional pharmacy services for chronic disease management. Some of these services are targeted towards improving patients’ health and wellbeing through the facilitation of patient‐driven health behaviour change. This paper investigates whether the provision of behaviour change interventions by Australian pharmacists is adequately underpinned by the current competency framework.MethodsThe foundation and behaviour change competences within each of the domains in the generic health behaviour change competency framework (GHBC‐CF), was mapped to the Australian pharmacist competency framework.ResultsAlthough the Australian competency framework underpins most of the foundation and behaviour change competences of the GHB‐CF required to undertake low‐intensity interventions, for medium to high‐intensity interventions four specific task‐related competences need to be addressed. These are F12 ‘Ability to recognise barriers to and facilitators of implementing interventions’, BC4 ‘ability to agree on goals for the intervention’, BC5 ‘capacity to implement behaviour change models in a flexible but coherent manner’ and BC6 ‘capacity to select and skilfully apply most appropriate intervention method’.ConclusionAdditional training is necessary if pharmacists aspire to provide behaviour change interventions for chronic disease management, in particular those that are complex as they involve changes to multiple health behaviours.So what?The identification of these gaps is critical and can potentially be addressed in postgraduate training programs and as pharmacy curricula are updated.
The Colorado East River Community Observatory Data Collection
Authors: Kakalia Zarine , Varadharajan Charuleka , Alper Erek , Brodie Eoin L. , Burrus Madison , Carroll Rosemary W. H. , Christianson Danielle S. , Dong Wenming , Hendrix Valerie C. , Henderson Matthew , Hubbard Susan S. , Johnson Douglas , Versteeg Roelof , Williams Kenneth H. , Agarwal Deborah A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Colorado East River Community Observatory (ER) in the Upper Colorado River Basin was established in 2015 as a representative mountainous, snow‐dominated watershed to study hydrobiogeochemical responses to hydrological perturbations in headwater systems. The ER is characterized by steep elevation, geologic, hydrologic and vegetation gradients along floodplain, montane, subalpine, and alpine life zones, which makes it an ideal location for researchers to understand how different mountain subsystems contribute to overall watershed behaviour. The ER has both long‐term and spatially‐extensive observations and experimental campaigns carried out by the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA), led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and researchers from over 30 organizations who conduct cross‐disciplinary process‐based investigations and modelling of watershed behaviour. The heterogeneous data generated at the ER include hydrological, genomic, biogeochemical, climate, vegetation, geological, and remote sensing data, which combined with model inputs and outputs comprise a collection of datasets and value‐added products within a mountainous watershed that span multiple spatiotemporal scales, compartments, and life zones. Within 5 years of collection, these datasets have revealed insights into numerous aspects of watershed function such as factors influencing snow accumulation and melt timing, water balance partitioning, and impacts of floodplain biogeochemistry and hillslope ecohydrology on riverine geochemical exports. Data generated by the SFA are managed and curated through its Data Management Framework. The SFA has an open data policy, and over 70 ER datasets are publicly available through relevant data repositories. A public interactive map of data collection sites run by the SFA is available to inform the broader community about SFA field activities. Here, we describe the ER and the SFA measurement network, present the public data collection generated by the SFA and partner institutions, and highlight the value of collecting multidisciplinary multiscale measurements in representative catchment observatories.
The advantage of real objects over matched pictures in infants' processing of the familiar size of objects
Authors: Sensoy Özlem , Culham Jody C. , Schwarzer Gudrun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate when infants exhibit knowledge of the familiar size of well‐known objects and whether this knowledge is affected by stimulus format, that is, whether the stimuli are presented as real objects or matched pictures. Infants (130 7‐ and 12‐month‐olds) saw everyday objects such as sippy cups and pacifiers in their familiar size and novel sizes (larger or smaller than the familiar size) placed pairwise within infants' reach. We used a preferential‐looking paradigm to investigate whether infants are able to discriminate familiar from novel sizes. Although, infants of both age groups looked longer toward real objects that were smaller or larger than the familiar size, there were no looking preferences for the pictures. These results suggest that although 7‐ and 12‐month‐olds demonstrate familiar size knowledge for real objects, this understanding does not generalize to pictorial representations of those objects.
Spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems: A case study from Turkey
Authors: Kucuker Derya M. , Tuyoglu Ozden 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Evaluating the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon dynamics is critical for both understanding the role of forest ecosystems in the carbon cycle and developing effective forest policies to mitigate the impacts of climate change. This study analyzes the effects of spatiotemporal changes on carbon dynamics based on landscape structure for the Hisar Planning Unit, Turkey, using forest inventory data between 1973 and 2015. The total carbon stock increased from 1434.49 Gg in 1973 to 1919.37 Gg in 2015, an increase of 33.8%. The mean annual carbon storage was 11.54 Gg · year−1, including 4.28 Gg · year−1 in biomass and 7.26 Gg · year−1 in soil over four decades. The most significant carbon pool in the total carbon stock was from the soil, with 71.6%, 70.7%, and 69.4% of the total carbon storage in 1973, 1998, and 2015, respectively. Pure pine stands, overmature development stages, fully covered stands, and older forests were the prevailing factors affecting carbon density. The conversion from degraded (1442.47 ha, 14.85%), coppice (157.04 ha, 3.9%), and non-forest lands (1412.91 ha, 5.2%) to productive forests with afforestation or restoration activities significantly boosted the total carbon storage. Furthermore, increasing awareness and stewardship in forest management coupled with improved economic well-being reduced the pressure on the forests, leading to an increase in the quality of forest structure. These changes in landscape structure resulted in the heterogeneous distribution of carbon dynamics. In conclusion, understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon dynamics is crucial for both forest managers and policy-makers in developing sustainable forest management practices and climate mitigation strategies for ecological sustainability and climate-smart forestry. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:209–223. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Land use and land cover changes largely affect C storage and its spatial distribution. Improvement of forest structure for C storage is critical in mitigating climate change. The spatial distribution of C is a vital decision-support tool for foresters in the development of sound and practical strategies for afforestation and rehabilitation. It was clear that depopulation in rural areas, decrease in forest crime, and increase in local income levels are essential indicators of rural developments including social awareness and sensitivity to the environment.
Occurrence of major organic UV filters in aquatic environments and their endocrine disruption potentials: A mini-review
Authors: Kwon Bareum , Choi Kyungho 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Organic UV filters are frequently used in daily life, and hence are ubiquitously detected in the aquatic environment worldwide. Most monitoring efforts and toxicological studies are, however, limited to a few chemicals like benzophenone-3 (BP-3). In the present study, we chose other major organic UV filters, such as avobenzone (AVB), homosalate (HS), octisalate (OS), and octocrylene (OC), and reviewed information on their use, environmental occurrences, and endocrine disruption effects, available to date. Organic UV filters are used in high volume in many consumer applications, not only in sunscreen products but also in cosmetics, personal care products, home products, and food packaging. Environmental monitoring worldwide reveals that recreational coastal waters are among the hot spots of their contamination. An increasing number of experimental studies indicate that organic UV filters such as octinoxate (OMC), AVB, and HS may cause disruptions in sex hormones. Avobenzene and OMC can also influence thyroid function in experimental models. Observations in human population are rarely made, but OMC and OC have been associated with decreased androgenicity and increase of polycystic ovary syndrome, respectively. Further investigations are warranted to fill the knowledge gaps identified in the present study, to help develop relevant safety screening measures for organic UV filters. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:940–950. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Many organic UV filters are frequently used in increasing amounts in daily life, and hence are found in aquatic environments. We focused on five major organic UV filters and synthesized currently available information on their uses, environmental occurrences, and effects on the endocrine system in vitro and in vivo. This review will help identify priority UV filters that require immediate research efforts and develop appropriate safety screening measures for this group of chemicals.
Identification and classification of commercially relevant per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Authors: Buck Robert C. , Korzeniowski Stephen H. , Laganis Evan , Adamsky Frank 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a universe of fluorinated organic substances with very different physical, chemical, and biological properties including polymers and non-polymers; solids, liquids, and gases. Commercial PFAS-based products have been used in a wide variety of industrial and consumer applications because they have unique performance properties of significant socioeconomic value. The PFAS definition has evolved and expanded over the years. Numerous lists of PFAS, some with thousands of entries, have been compiled, but none have clearly identified which of the substances are commercially relevant. This study is the first to use a bona-fide “bottom up” approach to identify how many of the 4730 PFAS substances listed in a 2018 OECD/UNEP Report are directly connected to commercial products based on input from three major global producers. This study provides new and valuable insight into the 2018 OECD/UNEP Report list of PFAS substances. The results show that 256, less than 6%, of the 4730 PFAS substances presented in the 2018 OECD/UNEP Report are commercially relevant globally. This study suggests that grouping and categorizing PFAS using fundamental classification criteria based on composition and structure can be used to identify appropriate groups of PFAS substances for risk assessment, thereby dispelling assertions that there are too many PFAS chemistries to conduct proper regulatory risk assessments for the commercially relevant substances. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:1045–1055. © 2021 The Chemours Company, Beach Edge Consulting, LLC, AGC Chemicals Americas Inc., Daikin America Inc. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
KEY POINTS
This study is the first to use a bona-fide “bottom up” approach to identify how many of the 4730 PFAS substances listed in a 2018 OECD/UNEP Report are directly connected to commercial products based on input from three major global producers. The study results show that 256, less than 6%, of the 4730 PFAS substances presented in the 2018 OECD/UNEP Report are commercially relevant globally. This study suggests that grouping and categorizing PFAS using fundamental classification criteria based on composition and structure can be used to identify appropriate groups of PFAS substances for risk assessment.
Exploring the interactions between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and other risk factors of gastric cancer: A pooled analysis in the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project
Authors: Collatuzzo Giulia , Pelucchi Claudio , Negri Eva , López‐Carrillo Lizbeth , Tsugane Shoichiro , Hidaka Akihisa , Shigueaki Hamada Gerson , Hernández‐Ramírez Raúl Ulises , López‐Cervantes Malaquias , Malekzadeh Reza , Pourfarzi Farhad , Mu Lina , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Lunet Nuno , La Vecchia Carlo , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (Hp) is crucial in gastric carcinogenesis, but infection alone is not a sufficient cause, and the interaction between Hp infection and other risk factors has not been adequately studied. We conducted a pooled analysis of seven case‐control studies from the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, comprising 1377 cases and 2470 controls, to explore the interaction among Hp infection and tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, socioeconomic status (SES) and dietary salt intake on the risk of gastric cancer. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by multivariate unconditional logistic regression. The analysis showed no consistent interaction between Hp infection and cigarette smoking, while interaction was more than multiplicative for alcohol drinking (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.77, P‐interaction 0.02) and high intake of salt (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.88‐3.65, P‐interaction = 0.04). The interaction with SES followed the multiplicative model (P = 0.49), resulting in a weakening among infected individuals of the protective effect of high SES among observed Hp‐negative individuals. The interactions found were more pronounced in subjects with history of peptic ulcer. The interactions with Hp infection were stronger for cigarette smoking and dietary salt in the case of noncardia cancer, and for alcohol and SES in the case of cardia cancer. No differences were found when stratifying for histologic type. This large‐scale study aimed to quantify the interaction between Hp infection and other modifiable risk factors of gastric cancer revealed that the benefit of combined Hp eradication and lifestyle modification on gastric cancer prevention may be larger than commonly appreciated.
Can breast cancer be stopped? Modifiable risk factors of breast cancer among women with a prior benign or premalignant lesion
Authors: Lilleborge Marie , Falk Ragnhild S , Sørlie Therese , Ursin Giske , Hofvind Solveig 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhysical inactivity, high postmenopausal body mass index, alcohol consumption and use of menopausal hormone therapy are established risk factors for breast cancer. Less is known about whether these factors influence the risk of progression of benign and premalignant breast lesions to invasive breast cancer. This registry‐based cohort study was based on women with a precancerous lesion who were followed for breast cancer. The cohort consisted of 11 270 women with a benign lesion, 972 women with hyperplasia with atypia and 2379 women with carcinoma in situ diagnosed and treated after participation in BreastScreen Norway, 2006‐2016. Information on breast cancer risk factors was collected by a questionnaire administered with the invitation letter. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association between breast cancer and physical activity, body mass index, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and menopausal hormone therapy, adjusted for age. During follow‐up, 274 women with a benign lesion, 34 women with hyperplasia with atypia and 118 women with carcinoma in situ were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. We observed an increased risk of breast cancer associated with use of menopausal hormone therapy for women with a benign or premalignant lesion. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking showed suggestive increased risk of breast cancer among women with a benign lesion. We were only to a limited degree able to identify associations between modifiable risk factors of breast cancer and the disease among women with a precancerous lesion, and a larger study is needed to confirm or refute associations.
Umbilical metastases: Real‐world data shows abysmal outcome
Authors: Hugen Niek , Kanne Heleen , Simmer Femke , van de Water Carlijn , Voorham Quirinus J. , Ho Vincent K. , Lemmens Valery E. , Simons Michiel , Nagtegaal Iris D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUmbilical metastases form a clinical challenge, especially when they represent the first sign of malignant disease and the primary tumor is unknown. Our study aims to generate insight into the origin and timing of umbilical metastasis, as well as patient survival, using population‐based data. A nationwide review of pathology records of patients diagnosed with an umbilical metastasis between 1979 and 2015 was performed. Data was collected from the Nationwide Network and Registry of Histopathology and Cytopathology (PALGA) and the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Kaplan‐Meier analyses and log‐rank testing were used to estimate overall survival and a Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine multivariable hazard ratios. A total of 806 patients with an umbilical metastasis were included. There were 210 male (26.1%) and 596 female (73.9%) patients. Distribution of umbilical metastases was different between male and female patients due to the high incidence of umbilical metastases originating from the ovaries in females. They most frequently originated from the ovaries in female patients (38.8%) and from the colon in male patients (43.8%). In 18% of cases no primary tumor could be identified. Prognosis after diagnosis of an umbilical metastasis was dismal with a median survival of 7.9 months (95% confidence interval 6.7‐9.1). The origin of the primary tumor was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. In conclusion, umbilical metastases relatively rare, mainly originating from intraabdominal primary tumors. Survival is dependent on the origin of the primary tumor and poor overall survival rates warrant early recognition.
Spatiotemporal assembly patterns of macroinvertebrate metacommunity structure in subtropical wetlands with different hydroperiods
Authors: Pires Mateus M. , Bieger Leandro , Boelter Thaíse , Stenert Cristina , Maltchik Leonardo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding seasonal patterns of assembly mechanisms are key to comprehending the metacommunity dynamics of organisms inhabiting temporary habitats such as wetland macroinvertebrates. However, tests of the seasonal variation in assembly mechanisms of macroinvertebrates in wetlands with differing hydroperiods are rare, especially in the Neotropical region. We tested for seasonal patterns in the metacommunity assembly mechanisms of macroinvertebrates in small subtropical highland wetlands of southern Brazil with different hydroperiods. We also tested whether patterns varied between macroinvertebrate taxa with different dispersal modes. Macroinvertebrates were sampled in 12 wetlands classified into “short,” “medium,” and “long” hydroperiods (N = 4 in each category) in three seasons (fall, winter, and spring) over two full hydrological cycles (from 2012 to 2014). We assessed the role of spatial and environmental variables to metacommunity structure using distance‐based redundancy analysis and variation partitioning. Environmental and spatial variables explained macroinvertebrate metacommunity structure, although their relative influence markedly changed among seasons and hydroperiods. Environmental variables were important in fall and winter, whereas spatial variables predominated in spring. Different environmental variables influenced the metacommunity structure in each hydroperiod. Environmental variables influenced active‐dispersing macroinvertebrates, whereas the influence of environmental and spatial variables on passive‐dispersing taxa changed among seasons. We showed that the assembly mechanisms of macroinvertebrate metacommunities show a distinct temporal dynamic among wetlands with different hydroperiods. Our findings contribute to a more complete understanding of the metacommunity structure in temporary ecosystems.
Evolution of the linker in microhydrated hydrogen dinitrate anions: From H+ to H5O2+
Authors: Gui Shaojun , Jiang Ling , Liu Zhi‐Feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydrogen dinitrate anion, HNO3(NO3−), is a proton‐bound dimer with a very strong hydrogen bond. By employing ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method, we studied the effects of the proton transfer and the rotation of the nitrates on the vibrational profiles of HNO3(NO3−)(H2O)n (n = 0–2). The AIMD results indicate that the structure of the n = 0 cluster is very flexible, even though its hydrogen bond is quite strong. Significant rotations around the hydrogen bond and frequent transfers of proton from HNO3 to NO3− are observed in AIMD simulations. Dynamic changes are therefore an important factor in understanding the broadening of vibrational features. For n = 1, the extent of structural fluctuation increases further, as H2O could move around the anion while the HNO3(NO3−) core also goes through structural changes. Its vibrational spectrum can be understood as a mixture of many isomers visited during AIMD simulations. By n = 2, the structure is stabilized around one isomer, with the linker between the two nitrates being H5O2+, rather than H+. Due to strong hydrogen bonds between nitrates and water molecules, this H5O2+ takes the extraordinary structure with the H+ localized on one H2O, rather than being shared. While this novel structure is stable during AIMD simulations, the dynamic fluctuations in hydrogen bond distances still produce significant broadening in its vibrational profile.