bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The affective and conversational benefits of a walk in nature among mother–daughter dyads
Authors: Izenstark Dina , Ravindran Niyantri , Rodriguez Sarah , Devine Natalee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe emotional benefits of nature among children and adults are well documented. However, little is known regarding how nature exposure influences a parent and child walking together (Journal of Planning Literature, 2015, 30, 433). We examine how both environmental setting and social context influence affect and conversational content among mother–daughter dyads. Twenty‐eight mother–daughter (aged 10–12) dyads participated in a within‐subjects experimental design that included two counterbalanced conditions—a 20 minute walk outdoors and a 20 minute walk indoors. Self‐reported positive affect and negative affect were collected before and after each condition, and audio‐recorded observations were utilized to code expressed positivity, negativity, and conversational content during each condition. Results showed that 1) daughters self‐reported positive affect increased after the outdoor walk and mothers and daughters reported decreased negative affect after both conditions, 2) mothers and daughters expressed less negativity during the nature walk and were more likely to influence each other's negative affect indoors, and 3) mothers and daughters talked more about the surrounding environment during the indoor walk and engaged in more neutral conversations during the outdoor walk. Findings from the study demonstrate the benefits of mother–daughter dyads walking together outdoors and highlight the importance of spending time outside as a way to promote positive family interactions.
Deficient mitophagy pathways in sickle cell disease
Authors: Martino Suella , Arlet Jean‐Benoit , Odièvre Marie‐Hélène , Jullien Vincent , Moras Martina , Hattab Claude , Lefebvre Thibaud , Gouya Laurent , Ostuni Mariano A. , Lefevre Sophie D. , Le Van Kim Caroline 
Published: March 2021

SummarySickle cell disease (SCD) is characterised by chronic haemolysis and oxidative stress. Herein, we investigated 30 SCD patients and found 40% with elevated mitochondria levels (SS‐mito+) in their mature red blood cells, while 60% exhibit similar mitochondria levels compared to the AA group (SS‐mito−). The SS‐mito+ patients are characterised by higher reticulocytosis and total bilirubin levels, lower foetal haemoglobin, and non‐functional mitochondria. Interestingly, we demonstrated decreased levels of mitophagy inducers, PINK1 and NIX, and higher levels of HSP90 chaperone in their red cells. Our results highlighted for the first time an abnormal retention of mitochondria in SCD linked with mitophagy‐related proteins.
Ashmole's hypothesis and the latitudinal gradient in clutch size
Authors: Lundblad Carl G. , Conway Courtney J. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTOne enduring priority for ecologists has been to understand the cause(s) of variation in reproductive effort among species and localities. Avian clutch size generally increases with increasing latitude, both within and across species, but the mechanism(s) driving that pattern continue to generate hypotheses and debate. In 1961, a Ph.D. student at Oxford University, N. Philip Ashmole, proposed the influential hypothesis that clutch size varies in direct proportion to the seasonality of resources available to a population. Ashmole's hypothesis has been widely cited and discussed in the ecological literature. However, misinterpretation and confusion has been common regarding the mechanism that underlies Ashmole's hypothesis and the testable predictions it generates. We review the development of well‐known hypotheses to explain clutch size variation with an emphasis on Ashmole's hypothesis. We then discuss and clarify sources of confusion about Ashmole's hypothesis in the literature, summarise existing evidence in support and refutation of the hypothesis, and suggest some under‐utilised and novel approaches to test Ashmole's hypothesis and gain an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for variation in avian clutch size and fecundity, and life‐history evolution in general.
Eco‐genetics of desiccation resistance in Drosophila
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Ferveur Jean‐François , Moussian Bernard 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTClimate change globally perturbs water circulation thereby influencing ecosystems including cultivated land. Both harmful and beneficial species of insects are likely to be vulnerable to such changes in climate. As small animals with a disadvantageous surface area to body mass ratio, they face a risk of desiccation. A number of behavioural, physiological and genetic strategies are deployed to solve these problems during adaptation in various Drosophila species. Over 100 desiccation‐related genes have been identified in laboratory and wild populations of the cosmopolitan fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and its sister species in large‐scale and single‐gene approaches. These genes are involved in water sensing and homeostasis, and barrier formation and function via the production and composition of surface lipids and via pigmentation. Interestingly, the genetic strategy implemented in a given population appears to be unpredictable. In part, this may be due to different experimental approaches in different studies. The observed variability may also reflect a rich standing genetic variation in Drosophila allowing a quasi‐random choice of response strategies through soft‐sweep events, although further studies are needed to unravel any underlying principles. These findings underline that D. melanogaster is a robust species well adapted to resist climate change‐related desiccation. The rich data obtained in Drosophila research provide a framework to address and understand desiccation resistance in other insects. Through the application of powerful genetic tools in the model organism D. melanogaster, the functions of desiccation‐related genes revealed by correlative studies can be tested and the underlying molecular mechanisms of desiccation tolerance understood. The combination of the wealth of available data and its genetic accessibility makes Drosophila an ideal bioindicator. Accumulation of data on desiccation resistance in Drosophila may allow us to create a world map of genetic evolution in response to climate change in an insect genome. Ultimately these efforts may provide guidelines for dealing with the effects of climate‐related perturbations on insect population dynamics in the future.
Bronchiectasis is associated with delayed diagnosis and adverse outcomes in the New Zealand Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders cohort study
Authors: Ameratunga R , Jordan A , Cavadino A , Ameratunga S , Hills T , Steele R , Hurst M , McGettigan B , Chua I , Brewerton M , Kennedy N , Koopmans W , Ahn Y , Barker R , Allan C , Storey P , Slade C , Baker A , Huang L , Woon S-T 
Published: March 2021

SummaryCommon variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) are multi-system disorders where target organ damage is mediated by infective, autoimmune and inflammatory processes. Bronchiectasis is probably the most common disabling complication of CVID. The risk factors for bronchiectasis in CVID patients are incompletely understood. The New Zealand CVID study (NZCS) is a nationwide longitudinal observational study of adults, which commenced in 2006. In this analysis, the prevalence and risk factors for bronchiectasis were examined in the NZCS. After informed consent, clinical and demographic data were obtained with an interviewer-assisted questionnaire. Linked electronic clinical records and laboratory results were also reviewed. Statistical methods were applied to determine if variables such as early-onset disease, delay in diagnosis and increased numbers of infections were associated with greater risk of bronchiectasis. One hundred and seven adult patients with a diagnosis of CVID are currently enrolled in the NZCS, comprising approximately 70% of patients known to have CVID in New Zealand. Fifty patients (46·7%) had radiologically proven bronchiectasis. This study has shown that patients with compared to those without bronchiectasis have an increased mortality at a younger age. CVID patients with bronchiectasis had a greater number of severe infections consequent to early-onset disease and delayed diagnosis. Indigenous Māori have a high prevalence of CVID and a much greater burden of bronchiectasis compared to New Zealand Europeans. Diagnostic latency has not improved during the study period. Exposure to large numbers of infections because of early-onset disease and delayed diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of bronchiectasis. Earlier diagnosis and treatment of CVID may reduce the risk of bronchiectasis and premature death in some patients.
Zinc finger protein 91 accelerates tumour progression by activating β‐catenin signalling in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tang Neng , Xu Shanshan , Song Taiyu , Qiu Yudong , He Jian , Fu Xiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesZFP91, an E3 ligase, has been reported to possess cancer‐promoting functions. This study aimed to elucidate the exact role of ZFP91 in tumour progression of pancreatic cancer and underlying mechanisms.Materials and MethodsWe analysed the correlation between ZFP91 expression and pancreatic cancer through TCGA and GEO data sets. Growth curve, colony formation, wound healing and transwell invasion assays were conducted to evaluate proliferation, migration and invasion of lentivirus transfected pancreatic cancer cells. GSEA and Western blot analysis were performed to validate the regulatory effect of ZFP91 on β‐catenin. Drug response curve and orthotopic implantation model reflected the sensitivity of chemotherapies.ResultsZFP91 overexpression is prevalent in pancreatic cancer and negatively correlated with overall survival. ZFP91 knock‐down attenuated proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. β‐catenin was a downstream gene of ZFP91, and its agonist could reverse the phenotype. ZFP91 promoted EMT and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that ZFP91 promoted pancreatic cancer proliferation, migration and invasion through activating β‐catenin signalling. EMT and chemoresistance were also regulated by ZFP91. ZFP91 might be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
Avoiding a conservation pitfall: Considering the risks of unsuitably hot bat boxes
Authors: Crawford Reed D. , O'Keefe Joy M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBat boxes are commonly deployed to mitigate the loss of bat roosting habitat. Due to a dearth of microclimate research, numerous untested commercially available bat boxes, and the uncertain impacts of a rapidly changing climate, the overheating risk presented to bats by bat boxes is largely unquantified. Based on limited research, we know many boxes overheat (i.e., temperatures >40°C). A lack of standardized protocols to evaluate microclimate and misleading information available to the public leads to a murky understanding of risks involved with deploying bat boxes. Herein, we evaluate the thermal tolerance of temperate‐zone bats, delineate areas of concern regarding the risks to temperate‐zone bats when bat boxes are deployed, identify strategies for reducing overheating risk, suggest methods for assessing microclimate, and provide a visual framework to assess overheating risk. Identifying suitable design and placement combinations is crucial to developing region‐specific strategies to mitigate against overheating. We urge consideration of the risks involved with using bat boxes, advocate for rigorous testing before deployment, and suggest using alternatives when possible.
Rare presentation of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor on a digit
Authors: West Cameron E. , Workman Ashleigh , Moody Tricia , Hosler Gregory A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are rare soft tissue neoplasms consisting of a mixture of spindle‐shaped myofibroblasts or fibroblasts and a variable inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. Associations with trauma and infectious agents have been proposed, but the etiology is unknown. While IMT predominantly develops in the lungs of pediatric patients or young adults, extrapulmonary IMT is well documented and may occur anywhere. Cutaneous IMT is rare and few have been reported on the hand in the English language. The mean age of onset is 10 years, with a slight female predilection. IMT demonstrates intermediate malignant potential, with a tendency to recur locally. Metastases are rare. According to a recent review, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positivity on immunohistochemistry is related to local recurrence, but not distant metastases. We report an unusual case of a 36‐year‐old male, with a lesion on the right second digit, displaying classic histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of IMT, including ALK staining, and confirmatory fluorescence in situ hybridization‐proven ALK gene rearrangement.
Impact of sleep, neuroendocrine, and executive function on health‐related quality of life in young people with craniopharyngioma
Authors: Niel Kristin A , Klages Kimberly L , Merchant Thomas E , Wise Merrill S , Hancock Donna , Caples Mary , Mandrell Belinda N , Conklin Heather M , Crabtree Valerie Mclaughlin 
Published: March 2021

AimTo examine the impact of clinical factors, cognitive deficits, and sleepiness on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) among young people with craniopharyngioma.MethodSeventy‐eight patients (67% White; 41 males, 37 females; mean age 10y 8mo, SD 3y 11mo, range 6–20y) with craniopharyngioma were assessed for tumor extent and diabetes insipidus. All patients underwent overnight polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests after surgical resection. Executive functioning was assessed using parent‐reported measures. Patients and their parents completed measures of HRQoL. None had a history of previous radiation therapy.ResultsPath analysis was used to test hypothesized relations while controlling for demographic and disease characteristics. Analyses revealed poorer parent‐reported HRQoL among young people with greater executive functioning symptoms (estimate −0.83; p<0.001). Direct and indirect effects were found among diabetes insipidus, executive functioning, and parent‐reported HRQoL. Diabetes insipidus directly predicted greater global executive functioning impairment (estimate 5.15; p=0.04) and indirectly predicted lower HRQoL through executive functioning impairment (estimate −4.25; p=0.049). No significant effects were found between excessive daytime sleepiness, tumor hypothalamic involvement, diabetes insipidus, executive functioning, and patient‐reported HRQoL.InterpretationThese findings suggest that young people with craniopharyngioma presenting with diabetes insipidus may benefit from targeted neurocognitive and psychosocial screening to inform interventions.
What this paper adds

Children with craniopharyngioma and executive functioning impairment are more likely to have poorer health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).

Diabetes insipidus, a complication associated with surgery, predicted greater executive functioning impairment.

Diabetes insipidus indirectly predicted lower parent‐reported HRQoL through executive functioning impairment.
Misremembering Weimar: Hyperinflation, the Great Depression, and German collective economic memory
Authors: Haffert Lukas , Redeker Nils , Rommel Tobias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe well‐known German aversion to inflation has attracted a lot of interest and is often attributed to a specific historical memory: Weimar. Yet we do not know much about why hyperinflation seems to overshadow the Great Depression in German collective economic memory. To answer this question, we study what exactly it is that Germans believe to remember about their past. Using original survey data, we show that many Germans do not distinguish between hyperinflation and the Great Depression, but see them as two dimensions of the same crisis. They conflate Weimar economic history into one big crisis, encompassing both rapidly rising prices and mass unemployment. Additionally, more educated and politically interested Germans are more likely to commit this fallacy. Our finding thus nuances ideational explanations for Germany's economic policy stance in the European Union.
Neuromagnetic evidence of abnormal automatic inhibitory function in subjective memory complaint
Authors: Sun Hua‐Hsuan , Lin Mei‐Yin , Nouchi Rui , Wang Pei‐Ning , Cheng Chia‐Hsiung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSubjective memory complaint (SMC), a self‐perceived worsening in memory capacity concurrent with normal performance on standardized cognitive assessments, is considered a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Deficient sensory gating (SG), referring to the lack of automatic inhibition of neural responses to the second identical stimulus, has been documented in prodromal and incident AD patients. However, it remains unknown whether the cognitively normal elderly with SMC demonstrate alterations of SG function compared with those without SMC. A total of 19 healthy controls (HC) and 16 SMC subjects were included in the present study. Neural responses to the auditory paired‐stimulus paradigm were recorded by the magnetoencephalography and analyzed by the distributed source imaging method of minimum norm estimate. The SG of M50 and M100 components were measured using the amplitude ratio of the second response over the first response at the cortical level. Compared to HC, subjects with SMC showed significantly increased M50 SG ratios in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Furthermore, M50 SG ratios in the right IPL yielded an acceptable discriminative ability to distinguish SMC from HC. However, we did not find a significant association between SG ratios and cognitive function requiring inhibitory control either in the HC or SMC group. In conclusion, although SMC subjects have intact cognitive functioning revealed by objective neuropsychological tests, their deficits in automatic inhibitory function could be detected through neurophysiological recordings. Our results suggest that altered brain function occurs in SMC prior to the obvious decline of cognitive performance.
Method matters: pitfalls in analysing phenology from occurrence records
Authors: Larsen Elise A. , Shirey Vaughn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLarge occurrence datasets provide a sizable resource for ecological analyses, but have substantial limitations. Phenological analyses in Fric et al. (2020) were misleading due to inadequate curation and improper statistics. Reanalysing 22 univoltine species with sufficient data for independent analysis, we found substantively different macroscale phenological patterns, including later onset at higher latitude for most species.
Spatial population genetics in heavily managed species: Separating patterns of historical translocation from contemporary gene flow in white‐tailed deer
Authors: Chafin Tyler K. , Zbinden Zachery D. , Douglas Marlis R. , Martin Bradley T. , Middaugh Christopher R. , Gray M. Cory , Ballard Jennifer R. , Douglas Michael E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractApproximately 100 years ago, unregulated harvest nearly eliminated white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from eastern North America, which subsequently served to catalyze wildlife management as a national priority. An extensive stock‐replenishment effort soon followed, with deer broadly translocated among states as a means of re‐establishment. However, an unintended consequence was that natural patterns of gene flow became obscured and pretranslocation signatures of population structure were replaced. We applied cutting‐edge molecular and biogeographic tools to disentangle genetic signatures of historical management from those reflecting spatially heterogeneous dispersal by evaluating 35,099 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived via reduced‐representation genomic sequencing from 1143 deer sampled statewide in Arkansas. We then employed Simpson's diversity index to summarize ancestry assignments and visualize spatial genetic transitions. Using sub‐sampled transects across these transitions, we tested clinal patterns across loci against theoretical expectations of their response under scenarios of re‐colonization and restricted dispersal. Two salient results emerged: (A) Genetic signatures from historic translocations are demonstrably apparent; and (B) Geographic filters (major rivers; urban centers; highways) now act as inflection points for the distribution of this contemporary ancestry. These results yielded a statewide assessment of contemporary population structure in deer as driven by historic translocations as well as ongoing processes. In addition, the analytical framework employed herein to effectively decipher extant/historic drivers of deer distribution in Arkansas is also applicable for other biodiversity elements with similarly complex demographic histories.
Risk factors for progression of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours: low‐stage tumours <5 mm appear to be overwhelmingly indolent and may merit a separate designation
Authors: Noor Mushal , Huber Aaron R , Cates Justin M M , Gonzalez Raul S 
Published: March 2021

AimsAppendiceal well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are usually incidental and clinically benign. Several studies have reported different risk factors for nodal metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate our appendiceal NETs (App‐NETs) to determine the factors associated with malignant behaviour.Methods and resultsFor 120 App‐NETs, we reviewed the clinical presentation and follow‐up, including serum chromogranin A (CgA) levels, and compiled several microscopic variables. Pathological factors were compared with nodal status and time to biochemical recurrence (elevated serum CgA level) by the use of Cox regression. We also reviewed similar App‐NET data in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Programme. Among our 120 cases, seven patients had positive lymph nodes, and nine developed subsequent elevation of CgA levels; none developed distant metastases or died of disease. Only three patients had grade 2 NETs; none had nodal disease, and one developed an elevated CgA level. Increasing tumour size was associated with an increased risk of nodal disease [odds ratio (OR) 4.99, P = 0.0055). All seven node‐positive cases were ≥13 mm. Factors associated with elevated CgA levels included age (OR 1.04, P = 0.041), pT4 disease (OR 10.22, P = 0.033), and nodal disease (OR 24.0, P = 0.012), but not size (OR 2.13, P = 0.072). Of the 1492 reported App‐NETs in the SEER database with data on tumour size, 137 (9%) were pN1; only five of these (4%) were coded as being <5 mm.ConclusionsSmall (<5 mm) App‐NETs that do not invade the serosa or mesoappendix appear to be overwhelmingly benign and low‐grade, requiring neither Ki67 staining nor synoptic reporting. Given their indolent behaviour, different nomenclature or staging may be more appropriate for these NETs.