bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How much carbon input is required to preserve or increase projected soil organic carbon stocks in German croplands under climate change?
Authors: Riggers Catharina , Poeplau Christopher , Don Axel , Frühauf Cathleen , Dechow René 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aims
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is discussed as negative emission technology with the potential to remove relevant amounts of carbon from the atmosphere. At the same time, climate change-driven losses of SOC to the atmosphere might impede such goals.

Methods
In this study, we used an ensemble of different SOC models and climate projections to project SOC stocks in German croplands up to 2099 under different climate change scenarios. We then estimated the required increase in organic carbon (OC) input to preserve or increase SOC stocks.

Results
Projected SOC stocks of German croplands are estimated to decline under current OC input levels and management, both with and without climate change. Depending on the climate scenario, we estimated that the OC input to the soil in 2099 needs to be between 51% (+ 1.3 Mg ha− 1) and 93% (+ 2.3 Mg ha− 1) higher than today to preserve current SOC stock levels. A SOC stock increase of 34.4% (4‰ a− 1) would even require an OC input increase of between 221% (+ 5.5 Mg ha− 1) and 283% (+ 7.1 Mg ha− 1).

Conclusions
Our study highlights that under climate change increasing SOC stocks is considerable challenging since projected SOC losses have to be compensated first before SOC built up is possible. This would require unrealistically high OC input increases with drastic changes in agricultural management.
Valuing health-related quality of life using a hybrid approach: Tunisian value set for the EQ-5D-3L
Authors: Chemli Jaafar , Drira Chema , Felfel Hajer , Roudijk Bram , Al Sayah Fatima , Kouki Mokhtar , Kooli Amna , Razgallah Khrouf Myriam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
To develop a value set for EQ-5D-3L based on the societal preferences of the Tunisian population.

Methods
A representative sample of the Tunisian general population was obtained through multistage quota sampling involving age, gender and region. Participants (n = 327), aged above 20 years, were interviewed using the EuroQol Portable Valuation Technology in face-to-face computer-assisted interviews. Participants completed 10 composite time trade-off (cTTO) and 10 discrete choice experiments (DCE) tasks. Utility values for the EQ-5D-3L health states were estimated using regression modeling. The cTTO and DCE data were analyzed using linear and conditional logistic regression modeling, respectively. Multiple hybrid models were computed to analyze the combined data and were compared on goodness of fit measured by the Akaike information criterion (AIC).

Results
A total of 300 participants with complete data that met quality criteria were included. All regression models showed both logical consistency and significance with respect to the parameter estimates. A hybrid model accounting for heteroscedasticity presented the lowest value for the AIC among the hybrid models. Hence, it was used to construct the Tunisian EQ-5D-3L valuation set with a range of predicted values from − 0.796 to 1.0.

Conclusion
This study provides utility values for EQ-5D-3L health states for the Tunisian population. This value set will be used in economic evaluations of health technologies and for Tunisian health policy decision-making.
Patient-reported outcome measures in pediatric solid organ transplantation: Exploring stakeholder perspectives on clinical implementation through qualitative description
Authors: Anthony Samantha J. , Young Katarina , Pol Sarah J. , Selkirk Enid K. , Blydt-Hansen Tom , Boucher Suzanne , Goldberg Aviva , Hamiwka Lorraine , Haverman Lotte , Mitchell Joanna , Urschel Simon , Santana Maria , Stinson Jennifer , Sutherland Katie , West Lori J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are standardized instruments used to collect data about the subjective assessment of medical care from the patient perspective. Implementing PROMs within pediatric clinical settings has gained increasing importance as health services prioritize patient-centred pediatric care. This study explores the perspectives of pediatric solid organ transplant patients, caregivers, and healthcare practitioners (HCPs) on implementing PROMs into clinical practice.

Methods
Qualitative description methods were used to elicit stakeholder perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted across five Canadian transplant centres. Purposive sampling was used to obtain maximum variation across age, gender, and transplant program for all participants, as well as discipline for HCPs.

Results
The study included a total of 63 participants [patients (n = 20), caregivers (n = 22) and HCPs (n = 21)]. Nearly all participants endorsed the implementation of PROMs to enhance pediatric transplant clinical care. Three primary roles for PROMs emerged: (1) to bring a transplant patient’s overall well-being into the clinical care conversation; (2) to improve patient communication and engagement; and, (3) to inform the practice of clinical pediatric transplant care. Insights for effective implementation included completing electronic PROMs remotely and prior to clinical appointments by patients who are eight to 10 years of age or older.

Conclusions
This study contributes to current research that supports the use of PROMs in clinical pediatric care and guides their effective implementation into practice. Future directions include the development, usability testing, and evaluation of a proposed electronic PROM platform that will inform future research initiatives.
Non-invasive Standardised Uptake Value for Verification of the Use of Previously Validated Reference Region for [18F]Flortaucipir and [18F]Florbetapir Brain PET Studies
Authors: de Vries Bart M. , Timmers Tessa , Wolters Emma E. , Ossenkoppele Rik , Verfaillie Sander C. J. , Schuit Robert C. , Scheltens Philip , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Windhorst Albert D. , van Berckel Bart N. M. , Boellaard Ronald , Golla Sandeep S. V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) is commonly applied for the quantification of brain positron emission tomography (PET) studies, particularly because it avoids arterial cannulation. SRTM requires a validated reference region which is obtained by baseline-blocking or displacement studies. Once a reference region is validated, the use should be verified for each new subject. This verification normally requires volume of distribution (VT) of a reference region. However, performing dynamic scanning and arterial sampling is not always possible, specifically in elderly subjects and in advanced disease stages. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of non-invasive standardised uptake value (SUV) approaches, in comparison to VT, as a verification of the previously validated grey matter cerebellum reference region for [18F]flortaucipir and [18F]florbetapir PET imaging in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and controls.

Procedures
Dynamic 130-min [18F]flortaucipir PET scans obtained from nineteen subjects (10 AD patients) and 90-min [18F]florbetapir dynamic scans obtained from fourteen subjects (8 AD patients) were included. Regional VT’s were estimated for both tracers and were considered the standard verification of the previously validated reference region. Non-invasive SUVs corrected for body weight (SUVBW), lean body mass (SUL), and body surface area (SUVBSA) were obtained by using later time intervals of the dynamic scans. Simulations were also performed to assess the effect of flow and specific binding (BPND) on the SUVs.

Results
A low SUV corresponded well with a low VT for both [18F]flortaucipir and [18F]florbetapir. Simulation confirmed that SUVs were only slightly affected by flow changes and that increases in SUV were predominantly determined by the presence of specific binding.

Conclusions
In situations where dynamic scanning and arterial sampling is not possible, a low SUV(80–100 min) for [18F]flortaucipir and a low SUV(50–70 min) for [18F]florbetapir may be used as indication for absence of specific binding in the grey matter cerebellum reference region.
Vorbild KITA
Authors: Wirth Robert 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungFür das Gelingen einer stationären Unterbringung ist deren Beginn entscheidend. Der Beitrag schlägt ein Konzept vor, das die Fachkräfte sowohl im ambulanten als auch im stationären Bereich der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe an einem Fall arbeiten lässt.
Meteorological and hydrological drought monitoring using several drought indices
Authors: Salimi Hana , Asadi Esmail , Darbandi Sabereh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith respect to the necessity of comprehensive studies on drought and also high damages that caused by drought, this research studied the meteorological and hydrological droughts. In this study, Lighvan, Navroud and Seqez basins with different climates were selected. We used monthly data of stream flow, precipitation and evaporation from 1992 to 2016 for the study of drought phenomena. The aim at this study is to analyze the SPI and SPEI for determination of dry and wet meteorological periods and use of the SSI for the exploration of hydrological drought. The analysis of drought characteristics such as intensity and duration in three areas with different climates shows that the climate change has a major impact on the characteristics of the droughts. The relations between the duration and severity of drought have been more accurate in the period of 9 months in the Navroud watershed basin. The most significant events are SPI-9 with the duration of 57 months and the severity of 34.7, SPEI-9 with the duration of 34 months and the severity of 28.09 and SSI-9 with the duration of 41 months and the severity of 30.2. According to the obtained equations in different time periods, it was resulted that the highest accuracy was observed in the relationship between the meteorological and hydrological drought characteristics in the watershed basin of Seqez for a period of 6 months. The results show that in all three basins, the correlation between the meteorological and hydrological drought is significant at the level of 99%. Results show that hydrological and meteorological droughts in Navroud and Lighvan basins have a significant correlation with 48-month periods and in the Seqez basin with 12- and 24-month periods, and the relations between hydrological droughts and meteorological droughts were obtained using the nonlinear linear models (polynomial, exponential and logarithmic). The good R2 between the duration and severity of SPI-9 and SSI-9 is 0.8 and 0.92, respectively, for polynomial equations. The maximum determination coefficient of duration and severity of SPEI-9 and SSI-9 is 0.72 and 0.82, respectively, using polynomial equation. The application of several indices indicating different components of the hydrological cycle integrates many factors that affect and trigger droughts, and thus can help in providing a wider realization of the characteristics of droughts on various water sections.
Utility of forward and inverse modeling in 2D electric tomography for Hydrogeologic studies
Authors: Melouah Oualid , Hichem Zerrouki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe choice of adequate techniques and arrays in electric tomography prospection is a difficult task; it depends generally on subsurface geology and the referred objective, this study is conducted in southern Algerian Sahara aquifer using 2D electric tomography techniques, the goal is testing different arrays configuration, using 2D model simulating the subsurface geology, the validated parameters from the theoretical study are applied to the real data, the results attest the usefulness of synthetic modeling choosing the correct parameters in geophysical prospection.
An innovative approach for high-performance road pavement monitoring using black box
Authors: Meocci Monica , Branzi Valentina , Sangiovanni Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the criteria adopted by the Word Bank with the aim of defining the economic level of a country is represented by the condition of the road pavements. To ensure adequate road pavement quality, road authorities should be continuously monitoring and repair the detected anomalies. To fast solve problems associated with poor quality of road surface such as comfort or safety, the presence of distress must be detected quickly. The high-performance pavement distress detection, such as those base on the image processing or on the laser scanning, is very expensive and does not allow to the road administration to conduct the appropriate monitoring campaigns. To solve these problems, the paper describes the pave box methodology, an innovative and immediately operational distress detection approach based on the exploitation of data collected by the black boxes located inside the vehicles that routinely pass on the road network. Data processing and the algorithms used in the post-processing evaluation of the vertical acceleration were compared with existing visual surveys procedures such as PCI. Two different indices have been proposed to detect and classify both the local damages and the global condition of the entire road. Pave box provides a robust evaluation of the pavement condition that allows to detect all the severe distress and not less than 70% of the minor damages on the pavement surface. The proposal is characterized by low time and cost consumption and it represents an effective tool for road authorities.
Der Biomarker adrenokortikotropes Hormon (ACTH)
Authors: Oremek G. M. , Passek K. , Bendels M. H. , Ohlendorf D. 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Übersicht über den Biomarker adrenokortikotropes Hormon (ACTH) wird im Rahmen der Serie „Tumormarker“ des Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie publiziert, die sich mit dem immer häufigeren Gebrauch der Bestimmung von spezifischen Markern bei sog. Manager-Vorsorgen und Check-up-Untersuchungen beschäftigt. ACTH eignet sich grundsätzlich nicht für solch eine Vorsorgeuntersuchung, sondern ist ein Marker zur Therapie‑, Verlaufs- und Rezidivkontrolle von Störungen der kortikotropen Achse. Hier zeigt dieser eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität, wobei der Marker aber auf keinen Fall als Screening-Parameter zur Frühdiagnostik aufgrund der zirkadianen Rhythmik und Abhängigkeit von Stressoren eingesetzt werden soll.
Die Gestaltung des Übergangs zur Weiterführenden Schule – Welche Maßnahmen wurden und werden an Grundschulen in NRW praktiziert?
Authors: van Ophuysen Stefanie , Schürer Sina , Bloh Bea 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungStudien zum Übergang von der Grund- in die weiterführende Schule gibt es zu zahlreichen Themen. Wie Grundschulen den Übergang zur weiterführenden Schule gestalten, wurde bislang jedoch kaum erforscht. Auf Basis des Forschungsstands werden relevante Maßnahmen identifiziert. In einer online-Befragung an 106 Grundschulen in Nordrhein-Westfalen wurde erfasst, inwiefern diese Maßnahmen tatsächlich umgesetzt werden und als wie relevant bzw. schwierig ihre Umsetzung erachtet wird. Die Ergebnisse werden verglichen mit Daten einer Studie, die 2002 an 71 Grundschulen durchgeführt wurde. Es zeigt sich eine hohe Stabilität der Gestaltung in den letzten 15 Jahren. Maßnahmen, die auf stufenübergreifender Kooperation basieren, werden heute zwar häufiger praktiziert, stehen aber weiterhin am Ende der Rangreihe.
Morphology and mineralogy of ambient particulate matter over mid-Brahmaputra Valley: application of SEM–EDX, XRD, and FTIR techniques
Authors: Bora Jayanta , Deka Pratibha , Bhuyan Pranamika , Sarma Kali Prasad , Hoque Raza Rafiqul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmbient particulate matter (PM), collected during a dust event over mid-Brahmaputra Valley of India, was characterized. The PM samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The SEM micrographs revealed varied shapes of the PM, viz. spherical, irregular, angular, cluster, flaky, rod-like, crystalline and agglomerate structures indicating the probable nature of their sources and formation as biogenic, geogenic, or anthropogenic. Some biogenic particles like plant materials, pollens, and diatoms were captured under SEM. The presence of diatom in PM samples was indicative of wind-blown dust from the dried bed of the Brahmaputra River. The honeycomb-like structures of brochosomes secreted by the leafhoppers of the Cicadellidae family were also captured. On the contrary, the background sample had mostly carbonaceous particles. The XRD and FTIR analyses indicated the presence of quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, augite, and calcium aluminum silicate, cerussite, calcite, montmorllonite, and organic carbon. The airmass backward trajectory analysis explained the local contribution of the dust.
Synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) MIL-100(Fe) functionalized with thioglycolic acid and ethylenediamine for removal of eosin B dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Tella Adedibu C. , Bamgbose Janet T. , Adimula Vincent O. , Omotoso Mary , Elaigwu Sunday E. , Olayemi Victoria T. , Odunola Olusegun A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe interaction of eosin B dye from aqueous solution with MIL-100(Fe) and functionalized MIL-100(Fe) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is reported in this study. MIL-100(Fe) was prepared and functionalized with thioglycolic acid (TH) and ethylenediammine (ED) separately by incorporating the thiol (–SH) and the amine (–NH2) group of the functionalizing agents into the open metal sites of the MIL-100(Fe) to obtain the acidic (TH-MIL-100) and basic (ED-MIL-100) forms of the MOF respectively. Characterization of the MOFs was done by melting point analysis, elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powdered X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. The adsorption experiments were carried out at different conditions such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration of the dye to estimate the optimum conditions and the maximum adsorption capacities. Adsorption capacities were observed to increase in the order of ED-MIL-100 < MIL-100 < TH-MIL-100, while the TH-MIL-100 was the most effective in the removal process due to acid–base interaction between the acidic thiol group (–SH) and the alkaline medium of eosin B dye solution. The Langmuir Isotherm was seen to fit well to adsorption data obtained for all three adsorbent materials studied, and adsorption processes followed the pseudo-second order kinetics. This study, therefore, indicates the suitability of functionalization of MIL-100(Fe) towards improving its adsorption capacity.
Design aspects of (super)hydrophobic mesh based oil-collecting device with improved efficiency
Authors: Xu Weikang , Zhang Zhentao , Cai Xiaomei , Hong Yazhen , Lin Tianliang , Lei Tingping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEffective treatment of frequent oil spills and endless discharged oily wastewater is crucial for the ecosystem and human health. In the past two decades, the collection of oil from water surface has been widely studied through the simple fabrication of superhydrophobic meshes with various coating materials, but little attention is paid to the design aspects of the meshes based oil-collecting device and practical oil collection. Here, 3D-printing devices with different configurations of (super)hydrophobic meshes, circular truncated cone (CTC), cylinder and inverted CTC, and the same inverted cone-shaped structure (below the meshes for temporary oil storage) are investigated. Results demonstrate that the CTC meshes based device especially for an oblate one not only shows higher stability and discharge of the collected oils than previous reports, but also allows floating oils to enter the (super)hydrophobic mesh faster. We anticipate that future success in developing high-performance (super)hydrophobic meshes and the further optimization of the CTC mesh-based device parameters will make our proposed device more practical for the treatment of real-life oil spills.
After the Accord
Authors: Garbade Kenneth D. 
Published: January 2021

In this book Garbade, a former analyst at a primary dealer and researcher at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, traces the evolution of open market operations, Treasury debt management, and the microstructure of the US government securities markets following the 1951 Treasury-Federal Reserve. This volume examines how these operations evolved, responding both to external forces and to one another. Utilising a vast scope of primary material, the work provides insight into how officials fashioned the instruments, facilities, and procedures needed to advance their policy objectives in light of their novel freedoms and responsibilities. Students and scholars of macroeconomics, financial regulation, and the history of central banking and the Federal Reserve will find this volume a welcome addition to Garbade's earlier studies of Treasury debt operations during World War I, the 1920s, and the Great Depression and since 1983.
Human or not? Political rhetoric and foreign policy attitudes
Authors: Utych Stephen M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen the United States intervenes in foreign countries, the lives of both foreign combatants and foreign civilians are put at risk. I examine two rhetorical strategies, the use of sanitized and dehumanizing language that can influence the public's support of foreign intervention. In the context of foreign policy, sanitized language operates by obscuring casualties of war, while dehumanizing language operates by devaluing the lives of groups of individuals. Drawing on data from two experiments, I find that sanitized language operates through creating less of an emotional reaction toward casualties of war, which causes individuals to adopt more hawkish foreign policy attitudes. I find that dehumanizing language also leads to more hawkish foreign policy attitudes, but, contrary to expectations, does not lead to increased disgust or anger toward dehumanized groups.
BIASES IN INTEGER PARTITIONS
Authors: KIM BYUNGCHAN , KIM EUNMI 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe show that there are biases in the number of appearances of the parts in two residue classes in the set of ordinary partitions. More precisely, let

$p_{j,k,m} (n)$
be the number of partitions of n such that there are more parts congruent to j modulo m than parts congruent to k modulo m for

$m \geq 2$
. We prove that

$p_{1,0,m} (n)$
is in general larger than

$p_{0,1,m} (n)$
. We also obtain asymptotic formulas for

$p_{1,0,m}(n)$
and

$p_{0,1,m}(n)$
for

$m \geq 2$
.