bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Christianisation as Cultural Guilt: The Bulgarian Experience
Authors: Danova Sirma 
Published: January 2021

Christianisation as Cultural Guilt: The Bulgarian ExperienceThis article contextualises the idea of Christianisation as cultural guilt within the Bulgarian context, particularly at the time of the Bulgarian National Revival. This theory has been most radically depicted in the published works of the outstanding revolutionary and poet of the National Revival, Hristo Botev. The origin of this idea is studied through his cultural dialogue with the texts of Georgi Rakovski (another eminent revolutionary and poet from the same period) to prove that the decadent version of Christianisation was known amongst the Bulgarian elite, most of whom were educated at Russian institutions, where they became familiar with the essays of the German historiogJohann Christian von Engel. Under his influence, Christianisation is considered to be a cultural and political invasion on the part of the Byzantine Empire. In this context, the motive of the lost brightness of the Bulgarian Middle Ages emerges from the literary works of the National Revival. The valuation of the medieval symbols of the obliterated Bulgarian antiquity culminated in the 1920s and 1930s. During that period, aspects of national identification were sought from magicians, dualists, and anchorites, which ultimately did not yield the desired result for the official nationalism but rather caused a crisis of symbols. Chrystianizacja jako wina kulturowa. Doświadczenie bułgarskieW niniejszym artykule postawiono sobie za cel kontekstualizację idei chrystianizacji jako winy kulturowej na gruncie bułgarskim, znanej od czasów bułgarskiego odrodzenia narodowego. Teza ta została najbardziej radykalnie wyrażona w dziełach publicystycznych wybitnego rewolucjonisty i poety odrodzenia narodowego, Christa Botewa. Poddano tu analizie genezę tej idei poprzez jego dialog kulturowy z tekstami Georgiego Rakowskiego, innego wybitnego rewolucjonisty i poety z tego samego okresu, aby udowodnić, że dekadencka wersja chrystianizacji jest znana wśród bułgarskiej elity, uformowanej głównie w rosyjskich instytucjach oświatowych, dzięki esejom niemieckiego historyka Johanna Christiana von Engela. Pod jego wpływem chrystianizacja jest uważana za inwazję kulturową i polityczną cesarstwa bizantyjskiego. W tym kontekście w dziełach literackich odrodzenia narodowego pojawia się motyw utraconej świetności bułgarskiego średniowiecza. Wartościowanie średniowiecznych symboli zatartej starożytności bułgarskiej ma swą kulminację w okresie międzywojennym, w latach 20. i 30. XX wieku. W tym czasie poszukiwano tożsamości narodowej u magów, dualistów, anachoretów, co ostatecznie nie przyniosło pożądanego efektu dla oficjalnego mitonacjonalizmu, lecz spowodowało kryzys symboli.
Na duchowych rozdrożach. „Nie-dualistyczne” podejście do zagadnień duchowych w prozie Olgi Tokarczuk
Authors: Mikołejko Zbigniew 
Published: January 2021

On Spiritual Crossroads: A “Non-Dualist” Approach to Spiritual Issues in the Prose of Olga TokarczukThe author attempts to reconstruct the spiritual structure that emerges from the literary work of Olga Tokarczuk. In his opinion, the direct context of this structure is a sense of a crisis or even the twilight of contemporary Western culture. For this reason, Tokarczuk seeks a paradoxical synthesis of antinomies which are tearing the modern world apart and which grow out of radically different intellectual, religious and civilisational traditions. Above all, she aims to combine the rational and empirical tradition of the European Enlightenment with prophetic and messianic currents, as well as elements of folk magic. For Tokarczuk, what has become a model of such a fusion is eighteenth-century Podolia, a region in the eastern borderlands of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, where numerous forms of Jewish and Christian mysticism and messianism were born in stormy historical circumstances. Na duchowych rozdrożach. „Nie-dualistyczne” podejście do zagadnień duchowych w prozie Olgi TokarczukAutor podejmuje – z perspektywy religioznawczej oraz filozoficznej – próbę rekonstrukcji struktury duchowej, która wyłania się z literackiej twórczości Olgi Tokarczuk. W jego przekonaniu bezpośredni kontekst owej konstrukcji stanowi poczucie kryzysu, a nawet zmierzchu dzisiejszej kultury Zachodu. Z tego względu Tokarczuk zmierza ku paradoksalnej syntezie antynomii rozdzierających współczesny świat, które wyrastają z radykalnie odmiennych tradycji intelektualnych, religijnych i cywilizacyjnych. Przede wszystkim Tokarczuk chodzi o zespolenie racjonalnej i empirycznej tradycji europejskiego oświecenia z nurtami profetycznymi i mesjańskimi, jak również elementami ludowej magii. Wzorem takiego rodzaju fuzji stało się dla pisarki osiemnastowieczne Podole – kraina położona na wschodnich rubieżach Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów, gdzie w burzliwych okolicznościach rodziły się liczne formy mistycyzmu żydowskiego i chrześcijańskiego.
Critical Evaluation of Trends in Otolaryngology Resident Caseload by Subspecialty from 2005 to 2019
Authors: Welschmeyer Alexandra , Coerdt Kathleen , Crossley Jason , Malekzadeh Sonya 
Published: January 2021

Background: Subspecialty caseloads logged by otolaryngology residents over the last 15 years is currently unknown. This study examines the trends at the national level. Methods: Otolaryngology case log data was collected from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) from 2005 to 2019. Data were categorized according to the following surgical subspecialties: pediatrics, rhinology/skull base, head and neck, facial plastics, otology, and laryngology. Linear regression analyses were performed for each procedure within each subspecialty, total subspecialty means, and total caseload means across all years. Results: Overall surgical volume significantly increased between 2005 and 2019 ( P < .0001); however, there was a significant decline in pediatrics procedures ( R2 = 0.80, P < .0001). Rhinology/skull base procedures increased the most drastically ( R2 = 0.96, P < .0001). Conclusion: While total mean resident case logs have steadily increased between 2005 and 2019, pediatric cases have declined substantially due to fewer tympanostomy tube insertions and adenotonsillectomies. Rhinology/skull base procedures have increased most significantly secondary to an increase in endoscopic sinus surgeries. Despite changes in case volume amongst specialties, the annual increase in resident case load suggests that otolaryngology residents are meeting the demands of their graduate medical training.
Use of faecal immunochemical testing as an alternative to faecal calprotectin in children
Authors: Sandhu Kirn , Naik Sandhia , Ayling Ruth M 
Published: January 2021

Background Faecal calprotectin has been widely used as a non-invasive marker of intestinal inflammation in children. Measurement of faecal haemoglobin using faecal immunochemical test is well established in adults for detection of colorectal cancer. In adults, faecal haemoglobin has been recommended as a reliable tool to aid identification of those at low risk of significant bowel disease and has also been used in inflammatory bowel disease to assess mucosal healing. Aims We aimed to evaluate the performance of faecal haemoglobin in the paediatric population and compare it with faecal calprotectin. Methods Children being assessed in the paediatric gastroenterology clinic for bowel symptoms had a sample sent for both faecal calprotectin and faecal haemoglobin. Samples were collected over a 10-month period from November 2018 to September 2019. Faecal haemoglobin was measured using an OC-Sensor. Faecal calprotectin was measured using Liason®Calprotectin. Results One hundred forty three samples were returned for faecal haemoglobin and in 107 a paired faecal calprotectin was also available. Faecal haemoglobin correlated with faecal calprotectin, Spearman’s rank coefficient 0.656 ( P < 0.0001). There were 35 patients with faecal haemoglobin >20 μg/g and in 32 of these patients faecal calprotectin was >200 μg/g; 74 patients with faecal haemoglobin and 38 patients with faecal calprotectin underwent colonoscopy. Patients with normal histology had faecal haemoglobin <4 μg/g; faecal haemoglobin >20 µg/g was associated with signification inflammation Conclusion Our study is the first to compare faecal haemoglobin and faecal calprotectin in a paediatric population. Results suggest that faecal haemoglobin correlates with faecal calprotectin and, as in adults, may be useful to rule out significant bowel disease. A faecal haemoglobin >20 μg/g was consistent with significant histological inflammation.
Turnaround times and modes of reporting critical results in Asian laboratories
Authors: Badrick Tony , Saleem Mohamed , Wong Wesley 
Published: January 2021

Background Reporting critical results in a timely manner is a crucial role of clinical laboratories. Traditionally, these results were reported using the phone or fax system. However, there are now other modes of communication for this reporting. Quality improvement in any organization is driven by detection of errors and benchmarking against peers. In the case of critical result reporting, there are few current widely used Benchmarking schemes. Methods The Roche Clinical Chemistry Benchmarking Survey in 2019 added questions about critical result reporting including the mode of communication and turnaround time key performance index. This survey includes over 1100 laboratories from 20 countries. Results The survey revealed a range of communication strategies with phone calls still the commonest followed by email. The key performance index for most laboratories was less than 10 min. Conclusion Benchmarking can provide key information for quality improvement activities, particularly pre- and postanalytical.
Evidence-Based Strategies for Improving Occupational Safety and Health Among Teleworkers During and After the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Schall Mark C. , Chen Peter 
Published: January 2021

Objective To review practical, evidence-based strategies that may be implemented to promote teleworker safety, health, and well-being during and after the coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19). Background The prevalence of telework has increased due to COVID-19. The upsurge brings with it challenges, including limited face-to-face interaction with colleagues and supervisors, reduced access to ergonomics information and resources, increased social isolation, and blurred role definitions, which may adversely affect teleworker safety, health, and well-being. Method Evidence-based strategies for improving occupational safety, health, and well-being among teleworkers were synthesized in a narrative-based review to address common challenges associated with telework considering circumstances unique to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Interventions aimed at increasing worker motivation to engage in safe and healthy behaviors via enhanced safety leadership, managing role boundaries to reduce occupational safety and health risks, and redesigning work to strengthen interpersonal interactions, interdependence, as well as workers’ initiation have been supported in the literature. Application This review provides practical guidance for group-level supervisors, occupational safety and health managers, and organizational leaders responsible for promoting health and safety among employees despite challenges associated with an increase in telework.
Does variation in trait schizotypy and frequency of cannabis use influence the acute subjective, cognitive and psychotomimetic effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol? A mega-analysis
Authors: Freeman Abigail M , Mokrysz Claire , Hindocha Chandni , Lawn Will , Morgan Celia JA , Freeman Tom P , Saunders Rob , Curran H Valerie 
Published: January 2021

Background: While the acute effects of cannabis are relatively benign for most users, some individuals experience significant adverse effects. This study aimed to identify whether variation in schizotypal personality traits and frequency of cannabis use influence the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Methods: Individual participant data from four double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, acute crossover studies involving 128 cannabis users were combined for a mega-analysis. Using multilevel linear models and moderation analyses, frequency of cannabis use and schizotypal personality traits were investigated as potential moderators of the subjective, cognitive and psychotomimetic effects of acute THC. Results: There was evidence of a moderating effect where increased frequency of cannabis use was associated with reduced intensity of subjective (changes in alertness and feeling stoned) and psychosis-like effects following THC when compared with placebo. Moderating effects of cannabis use frequency on acute memory impairment were weak. Trait schizotypy did not moderate the acute psychosis-like effects of THC compared with placebo. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a pattern of domain-specific tolerance develops to the acute effects of THC. Tolerance to the alertness-reducing effects occurred more readily than tolerance to psychotomimetic effects. Only partial tolerance to feeling stoned was found, and there was weak evidence for tolerance to memory impairment. Trait schizotypy did not moderate THC’s effects on psychotomimetic symptoms.
Cannabidiol prevents priming- and stress-induced reinstatement of the conditioned place preference induced by cocaine in mice
Authors: Calpe-López Claudia , Gasparyan Ani , Navarrete Francisco , Manzanares Jorge , Miñarro Jose , Aguilar Maria A 
Published: January 2021

Background: Cocaine dependence is an important problem without any effective pharmacological treatment. Some preclinical studies have suggested that cannabidiol (CBD), a component of the Cannabis sativa plant, could be useful for the treatment of cocaine use disorders. Aims: This work aims to evaluate the ability of CBD to reduce priming- and stress-induced reinstatement of the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by cocaine. Methods: Young adult CD-1 male mice were allocated to 10 groups ( n = 12/group), conditioned with cocaine (10 mg/kg) and exposed to extinction of CPP (two sessions per week). When extinction was achieved, each group received the corresponding treatment before the reinstatement test. In experiment 1, six groups were used: vehicle+saline (Veh+Sal), 5 mg/kg cocaine alone (Veh+Coc) or with CBD 30 or 60 mg/kg (CBD30+Coc, CBD60+Coc) and CBD alone (CBD30+Sal, CBD60+Sal). In experiment 2, four groups were used: exploration (Veh+Expl), social defeat (Veh+SD) and social defeat with CBD (CBD30+SD and CBD60+SD). Furthermore, the relative gene expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in the ventral tegmental area was measured. Results: All mice acquired cocaine CPP and extinguished it after three or four weeks. Only the groups treated with cocaine priming (Veh+Coc) or exposed to social defeat (Veh+SD) showed reinstatement of CPP. Interestingly, CBD itself did not induce reinstatement and blocked the reinstating effects of cocaine priming and social defeat. Furthermore, cocaine priming increased DAT gene expression in the ventral tegmental area and CBD completely reversed this effect. Conclusion: These results suggest that CBD could reduce reinstatement to cocaine seeking after a period of abstinence.
Development of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire among a sample of people who have consumed psilocybin or LSD
Authors: Davis Alan K , Barrett Frederick S , So Sara , Gukasyan Natalie , Swift Thomas C , Griffiths Roland R 
Published: January 2021

Background: Several measures have been developed to examine acute psychedelic effects (e.g. mystical-type and challenging experiences), but no measure assesses acute psychologically insightful experiences that may occur during psychedelic experiences. Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire. Method: A cross-sectional survey study among psilocybin and LSD users. Respondents ( n=1661; Mage=22.9, standard deviation=8.5; Caucasian/White=83%; non-Hispanic=91%; men=72%; United States resident=66%) completed an Internet-based survey. Results: The Psychological Insight Questionnaire consists of 23 items with two subscales: (a) Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and (b) Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights. Construct validity of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire was supported by strong correlations of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores with the insight subscale of the Session Impacts Scale, and weak-to-moderate correlations with the Mystical Experiences and Challenging Experiences Questionnaires. Furthermore, Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores were moderately-to-strongly correlated with retrospectively reported increases in psychological flexibility, and well-being/life satisfaction that were attributed to a memorable psychedelic experience. Lastly, incremental validity was established showing that the Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights subscale) scores predict unique variance in changes in psychological flexibility, and Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores predict changes in well-being and life satisfaction, beyond measures of acute mystical-type and challenging effects. Conclusions: The Psychological Insight Questionnaire has the potential to extend the understanding of the acute and enduring effects of psychedelics. Further longitudinal research is necessary to determine the long-term predictive validity of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire and to examine the role of psychological insight in predicting therapeutic outcomes.
Management of thunderclap headache in the emergency room: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: García-Azorín David , González-García Nuria , Abelaira-Freire Jaime , Marcos-Dolado Alberto , Guerrero Ángel Luis , Martín-Sanchez Francisco Javier , Porta-Etessam Jesús 
Published: January 2021

Introduction The evaluation of red flags is crucial for the accurate the diagnosis of headache disorders, especially for thunderclap headache. We analysed if secondary headache disorders were adequately ruled out in patients that presented to the emergency room with thunderclap headache. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we screened all patients that visited the emergency room for headache, including those that described thunderclap headache. We measured the frequency with which secondary causes were not adequately ruled out. We analysed the order of the exams, the final diagnosis, and the time elapsed between arrival, initial request for imaging, and the completion of the imaging. Results We screened 2132 patients, and 42 (1.9%) fulfilled eligibility criteria. Mean age was 43.1 ± 17.1 years, and 57% of patients were female. For 22 (52.4%) patients, the work-up was incomplete. Vascular study was missing in 16 (38.1%) patients, cerebrospinal fluid evaluation in nine (21.4%), and magnetic resonance imaging in seven (16.7%), with multiple assessments missing in six (14.3%). There were ten different combinations in which the exams were performed, with the most frequent being the second exam’s cerebral spinal fluid evaluation in 18 (52.9%) and the computed tomography angiogram in 10 (29.4%). A secondary cause of thunderclap headache was found in 16 (38.1%) patients, and four (9.5%) had a primary headache diagnosis after an adequate and complete study. Conclusions Thunderclap onset was described in one of every 50 patients that visited the emergency room for headache. More than half of these patients were not adequately managed. More than a third of thunderclap headache patients had a secondary cause.
Long-term Prospective Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Evaluation of Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Fallon Michael , Wood David J. , Janes Gregory C. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) has demonstrated encouraging midterm clinical outcomes, although published studies presenting longer-term clinical and radiological outcomes, across varied tibiofemoral and patellofemoral graft locations, are scarce. Purpose: To present the clinical and radiological outcomes a minimum of 10 years after surgery in a consecutive series of patients who underwent MACI in the tibiofemoral or patellofemoral knee joint. Secondly, to investigate any association between outcomes and patient characteristics, graft parameters, and injury and surgery history. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Overall, 87 patients (99 grafts: 57 medial femoral condyle, 24 lateral femoral condyle, 11 trochlea, 7 patella) were prospectively evaluated clinically and with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgery and at 2, 5, and minimum 10 years after MACI (mean, 13.1 years; range, 10.5-16 years). Patients were evaluated with a range of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and patient satisfaction. The 6-minute walk test, active knee range of motion, and peak isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength were assessed. Limb symmetry indices (LSIs) were calculated for strength measures. MRI was undertaken to evaluate the repair tissue, and an MRI composite score was calculated. Results: All PROMs significantly improved ( P < .05) over the pre- to postoperative period. Apart from KOOS Sport ( P = .018) and the LSI for peak isokinetic knee extensor strength ( P = .005), which significantly improved, no significant change ( P > .05) was observed from 2 years after surgery to final follow-up (range, 10.5-16 years) in all other PROMs, 6-minute walk distance, active knee range of motion, and the LSI for peak isokinetic knee flexor strength. At final follow-up, while the mean LSIs for peak isokinetic knee flexor and extensor strength were 96.9% and 95.7%, respectively, 74.7% of patients were satisfied with their ability to participate in sports, and 88.5% were satisfied overall. A nonsignificant decline was observed for tissue infill ( P = .211) and the MRI composite score ( P = .099) from 2 years to final review. At final MRI review, 9 grafts (9.1%) had failed. While no significant association ( P > .05) was observed between clinical or MRI-based outcomes and patient demographics (age, body weight, body mass index), defect size, or the duration of preoperative symptoms, the number of previous surgical procedures was significantly and negatively associated with KOOS Symptoms ( P = .015), KOOS Sport ( P = .011), and the degree of tissue infill ( P = .045). Conclusion: MACI provided high levels of satisfaction and adequate graft survivorship as visualized on MRI at 10.5 to 16 years after surgery.