bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Situational Analysis of Child And Adolescent Mental Health Services And Systems In The Western Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Mokitimi Stella , Schneider Marguerite , de Vries Petrus J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Child and Adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and systems need strengthening globally. This requires knowledge of the hardware elements of the system (human resources, financing, medicines, technology, organisational structure, service infrastructure, and information systems). This study sought to examine these elements of CAMHS in the Western Cape Province of South AfricaMethods: The World Health Organization Assessment Instrument of Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS) version 2.2 of 2005 was adapted to identify key variables of interest in CAMHS. Data were collected for the calendar year 2016 and focused on the public health sector. We outlined findings based on best available data across the six domains of the WHO-AIMS.Results: In domain 1, we found no provincial CAMHS policy or implementation plans to support the national CAMHS policy, and were unable to identify a CAMHS-specific budget. In domain 2, there was no dedicated provincial leadership structure for CAMHS, and no dedicated or ‘child- and adolescent-friendly’ mental health services at primary or secondary care levels. At tertiary level, there were only three specialist CAMH teams. The majority of CAMHS resources were based in the City of Cape Town, with limited resources in the rural districts. Essential medicines were available in all facilities, and the majority of children and adolescents had access to free services. In domain 3, data were limited about the extent of training offered to primary healthcare staff, and little or no psychosocial interventions were available in primary care. Domain 4 identified a small and variable CAMHS workforce across all levels of care. In domain 5 few public health campaigns focused on CAMH, and little evidence of formal intersectorial collaboration on CAMHS was identified. Domain 6 identified significant limitations in health information systems for CAMHS, including lack of child- and adolescent-specific and disaggregated data to establish baselines for policy development, monitoring, evaluation and CAMHS research.Conclusions: This study identified significant structural weaknesses in CAMHS and present a clear call for action to strengthen services and systems in the province and in South Africa. it would be important to expand research also to include provider and user perspectives for service-strengthening.
Probiotic Potential and Immunomodulatory Properties in Enterococcus Faecium GMB24 and Enterococcus Hirae SMB16 Isolated from Goat and Sheep Milk
Authors: Rajput Kamni , Dubey Ramesh Chandra , Jangra Ashwani Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Probiotic attributes of lactic acid bacteria isolated from goat and sheep milk samples were analysed by culturing them on MRS (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) agar media. The most potential isolates, GMB24 and SMB16, were identified by biochemical tests, which were further identified as Enterococcus faecium GMB24 and Enterococcus hirae SMB16 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. The probiotic potential of the GMB24 and SMB16 were possessed for probiotics attributes including antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic bacteria viz., Escherichia coli (MTCC118), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC7443), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC424), Listeria monocytogens (MTCC657) and Salmonella typhimurium (MTCC733), and antibiotic susceptibility test. These bacterial isolates had ability to tolerate different concentrations of acid, bile and phenol resistance. Further, immunomodulating activities of potential probiotic bacteria were tested on neutrophil adhesion test, haemagglutinating antibody titer and delayed type hypersensitivity. The data from these experiments were used for the principal component analysis (PCA) for assessing survivability of isolates at different factors. The probiotic bacterial isolates showed good response for the enhanced antibody production and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) activity. Probiotic isolates E. faecium GMB24 and E. hirae SMB16, at 109 cells/ml doses per day, increased the neutrophil adhesion, haemagglutinating antibody titer and DTH in comparison to the untreated control group. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The isolates showed negative test for hemolytic and gelatinase activities and hence were considered safe. E. faecium GMB24 and E. hirae SMB16 possessed an excellent probiotic potential and had a strong potential immune-stimulant activity.
Effect of the Current Density in the Electrical Resistance Sintering Technique to Fabricate a β-Ti-Nb-Sn Ternary Alloy for the Biomedical Sector
Authors: Rossi Mariana , Rodríguez Montserrat Vicenta Haro , Escuder Angel Vicente , Gouvêa Eber de Santi , Saeki Margarida Juri , Borrás Vicente Amigó 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The electrical resistance sintering is a fast method to fabricate metallic samples in the field of metallurgy and it was used to obtain the Ti-Nb-Sn alloy to be applied as biomaterial, variyng different electrical current densities (11, 12 and 13 kA). The powders were obtained by mechanical alloying, then they were compacted at pressure of 193 MPa during 700 ms. The structure and microstructure of the powders and the samples was evaluated by x-ray diffraction, by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction. The mechanical properties were evaluated by microhardness assay and corrosion resistance was made in Ringer Hartmann’s solution at 37ºC. The samples are formed by α, α” and phase β. The % of phase β in the samples obtained at 11, 12 and 13 kA was 96.56, 98.12 and 98.02 respectively. The peripheral zone present more presence of microporosity than the central zone. The microstructure is also formed by bcc-β grains equiaxial, and the samples obtained at 12 kA present better homogeneity of the microstructure. The grain size increased with the increase of the electrical current density. The microhardness are in the range of 389-418 HV and decreased with the increase of electrical current density. Corrosion tests proved excellent corrosion resistance of the alloys (0.24-0.45 µA/cm2). The standard deviation of kinetic parameters of the samples at 11 and 13 kA were very higher, related to the lack of homogeneity of the microstructure.
Quality of Antenatal Care and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in East Africa: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys (2008 to 2018)
Authors: Raru Temam Beshir , Ayana Galana Mamo , Bahiru Nebiyu , Deressa Alemayehu , Alemu Addisu , Birhanu Abdi , Yuya Mohammed , Merga Bedasa Taye , Negash Belay , Letta Shiferaw 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) offers a forum for critical healthcare functions, including health education, screening and diagnosis, and disease prevention. According to WHO, "Quality of care is the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with evidence-based professional knowledge. Several pocket studies carried out in specific localities of East African countries were investigated factors influencing the ANC utilization. However, these factors were neither representative of the country nor specific to the recommended minimum of four ANC visits. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the overall magnitude and factors associated with ANC quality among pregnant women in the six East African Countries from 2008 to 2018 data of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS).Methods: A secondary data analysis was done using DHS data of six East African Countries from 2008 to 2018. A total weighted sample of 46,656 women who gave birth in the five years preceding the survey was included in this study. A multilevel mixed effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with a p-value<0.05 were declared significant factors associated with the quality of ANC.Results: The overall magnitude of quality of ANC in the six East African Countries was 11.16% (95% CI: 10.87-11.45). An average age of the women was 28.95. Women of age 20-34 (AOR= 1.29; 95% CI; 1.11-1.50), 35-49 (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI; 1.25-1.80), primary education (AOR = 1.35; 95% CI; 1.18-1.55), richest wealth index (AOR = 2.35; 95% CI; 2.02-2.74), being in rural resident (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI; 0.55,0.69), and living in Rwanda (AOR = 3.03; 95% CI; 2.52-3.66) were factors significantly associated with quality of ANC.Conclusion and Recommendations: The magnitude of ANC quality was low in the East African countries. Age, level of education, wealth index, birth order, husband/partners' level of education, residence, and living countries were factors associated with ANC quality. It would be helpful to increase financial support strategies that enable mothers from poor households to use health services and enhance women's understanding of the significance of ANC utilization through health education; targeting both women and partners with no education is crucial.
Outcomes and Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services Amongst Women Attending United Bulawayo Hospitals Cancer Screening Clinic: A Secondary Data Analysis from 2018 to 2020.
Authors: Gunguwo Taurai , Chandiposha Martin , Lupepe Abigail Nobuhle , Sibanda Mpumelelo , Rambanapasi Harrison , Gowera Blessing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid and Cervicography (VIAC) is a screening method used to see and treat pre-cancerous cervical lesions. United Bulawayo Hospitals (UBH) is a tertiary government hospital that has an established VIAC Clinic that offers free services to the southern region of Zimbabwe. The utilization and outcomes of VIAC screening method become important in mapping the policies going into the future. We performed a retrospective descriptive study analysing data from 2018 to 2020 to assess outcomes and utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services. Method: We conducted a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study using data collected from the United Bulawayo Hospitals VIAC Clinic. We analysed all records of clients who utilized VIAC services at the referral facility from 2018 to 2020.Results: From the records, a total of 15,491 women accessed services at the VIAC Clinic. The VIAC positivity rate was 6.7%, those with suspicion of cancer result were 1.15 % and punch biopsies constituted 2.3 % of patients seen. Of the treatment modalities offered to VIAC positive patients, Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) constituted 53%, cryotherapy 15.3%, hysterectomies 12.7%, punch biopsies 18.2%, and thermal ablation 0.8%. Conclusion: The "See, Screen and Treat" objective in cervical cancer management is being realized at the tertiary hospital. Clients are coming for management from the entire southern region of Zimbabwe. The Ministry of Health should upscale VIAC clinics which are able to offer different treatment modalities in rural areas and also fund community awareness and engagement to increase the number of women coming for cervical cancer screening services.
Evaluation of Diverse-based Precipitation Data Over the Amazon Region
Authors: Sapucci Camila , Mayta Victor C. , Dias Pedro Silva 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The skill of the diverse-based precipitation products is investigated in comparison with HYBAM rain-gauge observations. The performance of three remote sensing-based datasets (the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station, CHIRPS, the Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation, MSWEP, and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM) is evaluated considering different timescales for the Amazon Basin, an area with widely heterogeneous precipitation. The analysis considered seasonal, intraseasonal and diurnal timescales through the computation of the cluster analysis, the seasonality index, the Kling-Gupta Efficiency metric, spectral analysis and composing technique. CHIRPS has the lowest performance to represent the rainfall in the northwest portion of the basin, where it underestimated the mean precipitation compared to the other bases. In this region, the other remote sensing-based (TRMM and MSWEP databases) compared to HYBAM also showed considerable variability and misrepresentation of the intraseasonal rainfall. In general, all databases perform better in the north and eastern portions of the basin compared to HYBAM. The comparison of the diurnal rainfall cycle between remote sensing-based data and the field campaigns of TRMM-LBA and GoAmazon, and the Huayao station in the Andes was also evaluated. At the diurnal timescale, MSWEP predates the time of the rainfall peak, but represents the magnitude of the precipitation well compared with TRMM. This study is necessary to warn about the importance of a more complete and objective assessment of the data before considering it for applications in different precipitation studies, mainly in regions with high rainfall heterogeneity like the Amazon Basin.
Acceptability, Feasibility, and Fidelity of a NICU Rehabilitation Program: A Single Center Randomized Controlled Trial in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Letzkus Lisa , Conaway Mark , Miller-Davis Claiborne , Darring Jodi , Keim-Malpass Jessica , Zanelli Santina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Motor disability is common in children born preterm. Interventions focusing on environmental enrichment and emotional connection can positively impact outcomes. The NICU-based rehabilitation (NeoRehab) program consists of evidence-based interventions provided by a parent in addition to usual care. The program combines positive sensory experiences (vocal soothing, scent exchange, comforting touch, skin-to-skin care) as well as motor training (massage and physical therapy) in a gestational age (GA) appropriate fashion.Objective: To investigate the acceptability, feasibility and fidelity of the NeoRehab program in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. All interventions were provided by parents in addition to usual care. Methods: Infants (≤32 weeks' GA and/or ≤1500 grams birthweight) were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing NeoRehab to usual care (03/2019-10/2020). The a priori dosing goal was for interventions to be performed 5 days/week. The primary outcomes were the acceptability, feasibility and fidelity of the NeoRehab program.Results: 36 participants were randomized to the intervention group and 34 allocated to usual care. The recruitment rate was 71% and retention rate 98%. None of the interventions met the 5 days per week pre-established goal. 97% of participants documented performing a combination of interventions at least 3 times per week.Conclusion: The NeoRehab program was well received and acceptable to parents of VLBW infants. Programs that place a high demand on parents (5 days per week) are not feasible and goals of intervention at least 3 times per week appear to be feasible in the context of the United States. Parent-provided motor interventions were most challenging to parents and alternative strategies should be considered in future studies. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between intervention dosing on long term motor outcomes.
Design of Linear Array for Shaped Beams using Enhanced Flower Pollination Optimization Algorithm for Marine Radar Applications
Authors: Vegesna Nagavalli , G Yamuna , Terlapu Sudheer Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In order to generate narrow beams with individual heights of sidelobes, we perform a synthesis of sum patterns. The side lobes can be adjusted to any arbitrary specification and flat top far field radiation patterns using Enhanced Flower Pollination Algorithm (EFPA) is presented in this paper. The problem of designing an array can be expressed as an optimization problem that aims to reduce the first two sidelobes to -50dB and by reducing the remaining sidelobes to -40dB. The EFPA is applied to determine the excitation coefficients of their amplitudes so as to obtain the required pattern. The objective for case 2 is to obtain the flat top sector beam for specified angular regions. Complex excitation coefficients are determined using EFPA for various beam widths. The radiation patterns are generated numerically using the obtained excitation coefficients. The results reveal that not only the ripples are controlled in the trade-in region, but also maintained sidelobe levels in the acceptable limits. The results presented are very much useful for marine radar applications.
The impact of FFP3 respirators on the blood saturation of intensive care unit medical staff.
Authors: Wojtasz Izabela , Jaracz Krystyna , Sobczynski Pawel , Druzdz Artur , Dyk Danuta , Kazmierski Radoslaw 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRecent studies support the effectiveness of filtering facepiece class 3 respirators (FFP3) during the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of protecting both health care workers (HCWs) and patients. However, wearing FFP3 respirators together with personal protective equipment (FFP3/PPE) could increase the feeling of discomfort or could even cause hypoxia. This study aims to investigate whether wearing an FPP3/PPE during work in the intensive care unit (ICU) affects the blood saturation (SpO2), the heart rate (HR), and the well-being of HCWs, as depicted by a score scale.MethodsThe study included a group of 21 volunteers, staff nurses, students and consultants (including 16 females (76%), with a median age of 23 years (interquartile range 21-27), range 20-59 years).We applied a counterbalanced crossover design—a self-controlled trial. Each subject served as his own control and performed the test two times: they wore the FFP3/PPE for a three-hour shift in the ICU and then did not wear the FFP3/PPE for 3 hours. To record the SpO2 and HR in real time, we used a Nellcor PM10N (Coviden, USA) portable monitoring system. Additionally, every 30 minutes during the shift and control run, each subject completed a questionnaire concerning their well-being, with a score scale to evaluate for headaches, shortness of breath, perspiration, fatigue, and thirst.ResultsThe mixed model demonstrated that working with an FFP3/PPE compared to not working with an FFP3/PPE caused a significant, but still within normal ranges, influence on the level of SpO2, with a mean decrease of -1.43%. The highest reduction in the SpO2 was 2.29%, and occurred after 150 minutes of work. We also found a significant increase in the HR at 60, 90, and 120 minutes after starting work. All of the score scales of the well-being markers increased consecutively but were moderate during the shift while wearing the FFP3/PPE; the side effects were mainly fatigue, thirst, and sweating.ConclusionWe assume that a 3 hour shift rhythm –, i.e., three hours of working in the FFP3/PPE in the ICU, followed by rest or working without an FFP3/PPE is a safe and reliable solution.
Effect of Carbonaceous Reducers on Carbon Emission during Silicon Production in SAF of 8.5 MVA and 12.5 MVA
Authors: Jiang Kaizhi , Chen Zhengjie , Ma Wenhui , Cao Shijie , Zhang Hongmei , Zhu Yaqian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The silicon manufacturing process produces a large amount of carbon emissions, which is of deep concern to the Chinese government. Previous research has calculated the amount of carbon emissions incurred in silicon production, while research on the factors that affect carbon emissions during the silicon production process has been scarce. The effect of the carbonaceous reducers' consumption on the carbon emission during silicon production was investigated using statistical analysis of the actual production data in order to lower the carbon emissions of silicon production. The effect of different type furnaces (8.5MVA and 12.5MVA) on the carbon emission were also investigated in the study. Based on the results, the soft coal has the greatest impact on carbon emissions when using the 8.5MVA submerged arc furnace. When using the 12.5MVA furnace, petroleum coke has the greatest impact on carbon emission. The use of the 12.5MVA furnace reduces the carbon dioxide emissions of the production of one ton of silicon by approximately 74 kg compared to the 8.5MVA furnace. To obtained reduced carbon emissions in silicon production, we suggest that the silicon manufacturers should (1) use the 12.5MVA submerged arc furnace as much as possible; (2) and optimize the ratio of carbonaceous reducing agents in raw materials for the different furnace types.
Assessment of Sagittal Spinopelvic Alignment in Asymptomatic Chinese Juveniles and Adolescents: a Large Cohort Study and Comparative Meta-analysis
Authors: Hou Canglong , Chen Kai , Chen Yu , Zhou Tianjunke , Yang Mingyuan , Li Ming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Study design: Retrospective study and comparative meta-analysisObjective: To document the sagittal spinopelvic alignment in a large cohort study in asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents, and to explore whether these parameters were different from various regions using meta-analysis. Methods: Medical records of 656 asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents were reviewed. Demographic and lateral radiological parameters were evaluated. Furthermore, a systematic online search was performed to identify eligible studies. Weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate whether these sagittal parameters were different from various regions. Results: The mean value of sagittal spinopelvic alignment in this study was calculated and analyzed respectively. A total of 18 studies were recruited for meta-analysis. For juvenile populations, TK, PI and SS of non-East Asian were significantly larger than those of Chinese. As for adolescent populations, PI of non-East Asian was found to be greater when compared with that of Chinese; TK and SS of non-East Asian adolescents was significantly greater than those reported in our study as well. All in all, TK, PI and SS in Chinese pre-adult populations were significantly smaller than those populations in non-East Asian regions.Conclusion: Our study was the first large-scale study that reported the mean values of sagittal parameters in asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents. There were significant differences in TK, PI and SS between Chinese and other previous reported populations, which reminded us for using specific mean values in different populations when restoring a relatively normal sagittal spinopelvic balance in spinal deformity.
Excitonic coupling directly revealed on single chains of polyfluorene by combined force spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Nakamura Tomonori , Omagari Shun , Liang Xiaobin , Nakajima Ken , Vacha Martin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Molecular aggregates were discovered in 1930’s, yet, the forces and excitonic coupling energy associated with the aggregate formation have not been detected so far. We directly measure such force and energy on single chains of the conjugated polymer polyfluorene using atomic force and fluorescence microscopes. The polyfluorene chain is attached on either side to a substrate and an AFM tip, respectively, and mechanically stretched under intense laser irradiation. The force – extension curves show force peaks that are attributed to gradual unfolding of the chain. Upon the irradiation, neighboring conjugated segments interact via excitonic coupling when in contact and experience an attractive force which is detected by the AFM. Analysis of the force curves provides excitonic coupling energy which is of same order as theoretically calculated values for a face-to-face fluorene dimer, and in agreement with the energy obtained from single-chain fluorescence spectra. Apart from contributing an essential piece of knowledge in the field of molecular photophysics, the work demonstrates on molecular scale a novel energy conversion mechanism from light to mechanical energy which could be potentially used, e.g., as a driving mechanism for molecular motors.