bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adopting a Mediterranean-style eating pattern with low, but not moderate, unprocessed, lean red meat intake reduces fasting serum trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in adults who are overweight or obese
Authors: Krishnan Sridevi , O’Connor Lauren E. , Wang Yu , Gertz Erik R. , Campbell Wayne W. , Bennett Brian J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA Mediterranean-style eating pattern (MED-EP) may include moderate red meat intake. However, it is unknown if the pro-atherogenic metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is affected by the amount of red meat consumed with a MED-EP. The results presented are from a secondary, retrospective objective of an investigator-blinded, randomised, crossover, controlled feeding trial (two 5-week interventions separated by a 4-week washout) to determine if a MED-EP with 200 g unprocessed lean red meat/week (MED-CONTROL) reduces circulating TMAO concentrations compared to a MED-EP with 500 g unprocessed lean red meat/week (MED-RED). Participants were seventy-seven women and twelve men (n39 total) who were either overweight or obese (BMI: mean (30·5) (sem0·3) kg/m2). Serum samples were obtained following an overnight fast both before (pre) and after (post) each intervention. Fasting serum TMAO, choline, carnitine and betaine concentrations were measured using a targeted liquid chromatography-MS. Data were analysed to assess if (a) TMAO and related metabolites differed by intervention and (b) if changes in TMAO were associated with changes in Framingham 10-year risk score. Serum TMAO was lower post-intervention following MED-CONTROL compared with MED-RED intervention (post-MED-CONTROL 3·1 (sem0·2) µmv. post-MED-RED 5·0 (sem0·5) µm,P< 0·001), and decreased following MED-CONTROL (pre-v. post-MED-CONTROL,P= 0·025). Exploratory analysis using mixed model ANCOVA identified a positive association between changes in TMAO and changes in homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P= 0·036). These results suggest that lower amounts of red meat intake lead to lower TMAO concentrations in the context of a MED-EP.
Septoplasty: early (first year) and late (fourth year) post-operative results in 604 patients
Authors: Haye R , Døsen L K , TarAngen M , Gay C , Egeland M T , Shiryaeva O 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveAs prospective outcomes of septoplasty with or without turbinoplasty beyond the first year are few and have diverging results, this study evaluated later septoplasty results three to four years post-operatively.MethodsPatients undergoing septoplasty completed the Nasal Surgical Questionnaire pre-operatively, and at 6–12 months (early post-operative assessment) and 36–48 months (late post-operative assessment) after surgery. Primary outcome was visual analogue scale ratings for nasal obstruction (with a scale ranging from 0 to 100).ResultsIn 604 patients with high response rates, the largest improvements in nasal obstruction were from pre-operative to early post-operative assessments (daytime score reduction = 33.9, night-time reduction 40.5). Nasal obstruction ratings worsened slightly between early and late post-operative assessments (daytime score increase = 5.3, night-time score increase = 9.7). Improvements were better in patients aged over 35 years and in those with pre-operative nasal obstruction scores of more than 62. There were no differences based on surgery type, septal deviation, allergy or smoking.ConclusionSeptoplasty improves nasal obstruction in both the first and the fourth year after surgery. Post-operative improvements decline slightly over time but remain significant.
The destruction and looting of cultural heritage sites by ISIS in Syria: The case of Manbij and its countryside
Authors: Almohamad Adnan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) occupied the city of Manbij and its countryside from 23 January 2014 until 12 August 2016. During this period, the region suffered greatly as ISIS monopolized control and brutally imposed its ideology. Fierce battles were fought for the control of oil wells, bakeries, mills, dams, and power stations, all of which were sources of revenue. Antiquities were soon recognized as another potential income source. This article demonstrates the ways in which ISIS began to administer and facilitate the looting of antiquities through the Diwan Al-Rikaz. Within this diwan, ISIS established the Qasmu Al-Athar, which was specifically responsible for looting antiquities. Based on interviews conducted in 2015 and primary documents, this article studies the specific ways in which ISIS facilitated the quarrying and looting of antiquities in Manbij and the rich archaeological sites of its countryside. Further, by examining the damage at a previously undocumented archaeological site, Meshrefet Anz, the looting of antiquities under the direct supervision of the Diwan Al-Rikaz is studied. Using documentary evidence including ISIS’s internal documentation as well as photographs collected by the author between 2014 and 2016, the article demonstrates the methods used by ISIS, reveals its financial motivations, and bears witness to the damage done at specific Syrian heritage sites.
A Strategy for Choosing Red‐Light Thresholds to Manage Hydraulic Fracturing Induced Seismicity in North America
Authors: Schultz Ryan , Beroza Gregory C. , Ellsworth William L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInduced earthquakes caused by hydraulic fracturing are a growing concern, with risks that are often managed by traffic light protocols (TLPs). Here, we apply a risk‐informed strategy for choosing TLP red‐light thresholds. We utilize a combination of probabilistic maximum magnitudes, formation depth, site amplification, ground motion relationships, felt/damaging shaking tolerances, and population information to simulate the spatial distribution of nuisance and damage impacts. We apply this approach to many of the prominent North American shale plays that have caused earthquakes: the Horn River Basin, the Duvernay Formation, the Montney Formation, the Utica Shale, the Marcellus Shale, the SCOOP & STACK play in Oklahoma, the Eagle Ford Formation, and the Delaware Basin. We find that induced earthquake impacts are spatially heterogeneous, depending most strongly on population density. These spatial heterogeneities vary on different length scales, depending on if they are related to nuisance (longer range, 100s kms) or damage (shorter range, 10s kms). Because of this variability, we suggest an approach that sets red‐light magnitudes based on tolerances to nuisance and damage risks (varying between Mw 2.0–5.0). Comparison of the results between North American shale plays where TLPs have been enacted suggests that nuisance risks have been an influencing factor in determining red‐light thresholds. Our method provides quantitative guidelines for traffic light protocols designed in a risk‐informed manner that retains the implementational simplicity of magnitude‐based thresholds. In addition, our results provide a benchmark for jurisdictional nuisance tolerances that future TLPs could be guided by.
Semi‐Brittle Deformation of Carrara Marble: Hardening and Twinning Induced Plasticity
Authors: Rybacki E. , Niu L. , Evans B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSemi‐brittle flow occurs when crystal plasticity and cataclastic mechanisms operate concurrently and may be common at mid‐levels of the Earth's crust. Using a Paterson gas‐deformation apparatus, we performed 67 conventional triaxial deformation experiments on dry samples of Carrara marble in the temperature range of T = 20–800°C; confining pressures (PC) were 30, 50,100, 200, and 300 MPa, and strain rates () were 10−3, 10−4, 10−5, and 10−6 s−1. Axial strains (ε) were ≲0.12. The measured (differential) stress, , changes with strain at most applied conditions. At ε = 0.05, both stress and the hardening coefficient (h), that is, the rate of increase of stress with strain, increase as T decreases and PC increases. At T ≲ 400°C, h is quite large and the sensitivity of on is low, while both are sensitive to increasing pressure. In this temperature range, the mechanical behavior of the marble is very similar to that exhibited by high‐strength, high‐ductility, hexagonal metals that deform by processes called twinning induced plasticity (TWIP). Twinning and dislocation motion are abundant in the samples, as are inter‐ and intracrystalline microfractures. The concurrent activation of these deformation mechanisms leads to complex relationships of and h with the applied T ‐ PC ‐ conditions. This behavior suggests that peak stresses for calcite rocks deforming by semi‐brittle processes will occur at PC ‐ T conditions of the middle crust, and that they might be more strongly influenced by total strain rather than by strain rate.
Calibrated Suspended Sediment Observations Beneath Large Amplitude Non‐Linear Internal Waves
Authors: Edge W. C. , Jones N. L. , Rayson M. D. , Ivey G. N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile it has been recognized for some time that large amplitude non‐linear internal waves (NLIW) can mobilize and transport sediment, quantitative observations of this process are rare. Rarer still are accompanying estimates of suspended sediment mass concentration (SSC) during the passage of NLIW. Here, we present high resolution observations of NLIW and the SSC response within the bottom boundary layer. The observations were made in 250 m of water in a mildly sloping region of the Browse Basin on Australia’s Northwest Shelf. We compare two independent but direct calibration methods, and employ Bayesian methods to estimate the uncertainty in SSC. During a large NLIW event, the peak mean SSC estimate at 0.49 m above the sea bed was 161 mg L−1, with a maximum time‐rate‐of‐change of 0.14 mg L−1 s−1. The unsteady boundary layer forcing under NLIW resulted in a variable time‐height dependent relationship between bed stress and SSC with increasing height above the sea bed. Suspended sediment was restricted to the bottom mixing layer, with sharp vertical gradients of up to 40 mg L−1 m−1 observed at the edge of the layer. The observations presented here are intended to offer guidance to numerical sediment modelers about likely SSC under strong NLIW.
Fire Regime Impacts on Postfire Diurnal Land Surface Temperature Change Over North American Boreal Forest
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wang Liang , Hou Xin , Li Guangyao , Tian Qi , Chan Eme , Ciais Philippe , Yu Qiang , Yue Chao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWildfire is the most prevalent natural disturbance in the North American boreal forest (NABF) and can cause postfire land surface temperature change (ΔTfire) through biophysical processes. Fire regimes, such as fire severity, fire intensity, and percentage of burned area (PBA), may influence ΔTfire through their impacts on postfire vegetation damage and, if so, there may be important feedbacks between fire regime and climate warming through biophysical effects. Here, we employ satellite observations to investigate postfire diurnal ΔTfire across NABF. We further use a stepwise multiple linear regression model to examine the driving factors for ΔTfire by incorporating latitude, fire regime variables, and their interactions. Our results demonstrate a pronounced asymmetry in diurnal ΔTfire, characterized by daytime warming in contrast to nighttime cooling. Clear latitudinal patterns are found in ΔTfire, with stronger effects in lower latitudes. Such latitudinal patterns of ΔTfire, especially the daytime one, are driven by both latitudinal patterns in fire regimes and an increased sensitivity of ΔTfire to fire regime as the latitude decreases. The multiple linear regression model explains 37% of the variance in daytime ΔTfire, whereas for the nighttime ΔTfire the explanatory power is rather low (5%). For daytime ΔTfire, fire severity accounted for most (43.65%) of the model explanatory power, followed by PBA (24.60%) and fire intensity (13.10%). Our results highlight important fire regime impacts on daytime ΔTfire and, further, on the annual ΔTfire, suggesting that fire might amplify future boreal climate change through positive feedbacks between fire regime and postfire surface warming.
Climate and Seasonal Temperature Controls on Biogeochemical Transformations in Unconfined Coastal Aquifers
Authors: Cogswell Clara , Heiss James W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoastal aquifers are host to a range of biogeochemical reactions that alter groundwater‐derived nutrient, metal, and other chemical loads to coastal ecosystems. Temperature is a strong control on microbially mediated reactions; thus, chemical reactivity in coastal aquifers may vary spatially and temporally with changes to groundwater temperature. In this study, we investigated the influence of global groundwater and sea surface temperature controls and seasonal temperature variability on biogeochemical processing in coastal aquifers using variable‐density groundwater flow, heat transport, and reactive transport models. The coupled models showed that nitrate removal efficiency in coastal aquifers increased from 5% to 88% as fresh groundwater temperature increased from 5°C to 35°C, while ocean temperature had a negligible effect on removal efficiency. Transient simulations based on monthly groundwater and ocean temperature measurements showed that denitrification and ammonification hotspots migrated seaward seasonally within warm fresh groundwater masses. The reaction hotspots were separated by colder groundwater emplaced during winter months. The reaction hotspots and nitrate plumes oscillated vertically along horizontal flow paths due to buoyancy effects between warm and cold groundwater. Comparison between transient and temperature‐equivalent steady‐state models suggests that steady‐state models adequately capture mean annual NO3− removal, but neglect local reactive transience and changes to plume geometry. The sensitivity analysis provides a first‐order estimate of the reactive potential of coastal aquifers considering globally diverse thermal regimes. The findings have implications for regional‐scale estimates of groundwater nutrient fluxes and for predicting coastal aquifer reactivity in a warming climate.
Quantifying the Uncertainty in CME Kinematics Derived From Geometric Modeling of Heliospheric Imager Data
Authors: Barnard L. , Owens M. J. , Scott C. J. , Lockwood M. , de Koning C. A. , Amerstorfer T. , Hinterreiter J. , Möstl C. , Davies J. A. , Riley P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGeometric modeling of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) is a widely used tool for assessing their kinematic evolution. Furthermore, techniques based on geometric modeling, such as ELEvoHI, are being developed into forecast tools for space weather prediction. These models assume that solar wind structure does not affect the evolution of the CME, which is an unquantified source of uncertainty. We use a large number of Cone CME simulations with the HUXt solar wind model to quantify the scale of uncertainty introduced into geometric modeling and the ELEvoHI CME arrival times by solar wind structure. We produce a database of simulations, representing an average, a fast, and an extreme CME scenario, each independently propagating through 100 different ambient solar wind environments. Synthetic heliospheric imager observations of these simulations are then used with a range of geometric models to estimate the CME kinematics. The errors of geometric modeling depend on the location of the observer, but do not seem to depend on the CME scenario. In general, geometric models are biased towards predicting CME apex distances that are larger than the true value. For these CME scenarios, geometric modeling errors are minimised for an observer in the L5 region. Furthermore, geometric modeling errors increase with the level of solar wind structure in the path of the CME. The ELEvoHI arrival time errors are minimised for an observer in the L5 region, with mean absolute arrival time errors of 8.2 ± 1.2 h, 8.3 ± 1.0 h, and 5.8 ± 0.9 h for the average, fast, and extreme CME scenarios.
Active Structural Geometries and Their Correlation With Moderate (M 5.5‐7.0) Earthquakes in the Jiashi‐Keping Region, Tian Shan Southwestern Front
Authors: Lü Lixing , Li Tao , Chen Zhuxin , Chen Jie , Jobe Jessica Thompson , Fang Lihua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the tectonic framework of the seismically active Tian Shan, the Jiashi‐Keping region, located at the mountain's southwestern front, is characterized by frequent moderate (M 5.5–7.0) earthquakes, rather than by strong (M ≥ 7.5) earthquakes as observed in other Tian Shan regions. What structures are responsible for these moderate earthquakes and whether or not more destructive earthquakes can occur remain largely unexplored. Based on an integrated analysis of published geologic and geomorphic mapping data, Google Earth satellite images, published and our collected 2D petroleum seismic‐reflection profiles, as well as available seismologic data and InSAR observations, in this study, we investigate active structural geometries and their correlation with the 2020 Mw6.0, the 2003 Mw6.2, and other recorded major earthquakes. Our study indicates that active structures in the region can be grouped into the Kepintagh thrust imbricates, the Bachu‐Kepintagh transpressional fault system, and the Xiasuhong transtensional fault system. The recorded major earthquakes are correlated with the Kepintagh thrust imbricates and the Xiasuhong fault system, both of which are highly segmented along strike and have limited downdip extensions. Although the recorded seismicity is characterized by moderate earthquakes, larger earthquakes may be generated by (i) the Bachu transpressional fault system (Mw≥ 7.3) and the Kepintagh lower ramp (Mw> 7.5). Our study highlights the control of fault geometry on the seismic rupture process and regional seismic activities and enhances our understanding of seismic hazards in the Tian Shan.
A microwell-based impedance sensor on an insertable microneedle for real-time in vivo cytokine detection
Authors: Song Naixin , Xie Pengfei , Shen Wen , Oh Hanju , Zhang Yejia , Vitale Flavia , Javanmard Mehdi , Allen Mark G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImpedance-based protein detection sensors for point-of-care diagnostics require quantitative specificity, as well as rapid or real-time operation. Furthermore, microfabrication of these sensors can lead to the formation of factors suitable for in vivo operation. Herein, we present microfabricated needle-shaped microwell impedance sensors for rapid-sample-to-answer, label-free detection of cytokines, and other biomarkers. The microneedle form factor allows sensors to be utilized in transcutaneous or transvascular sensing applications. In vitro, experimental characterization confirmed sensor specificity and sensitivity to multiple proteins of interest. Mechanical characterization demonstrated sufficient microneedle robustness for transcutaneous insertion, as well as preserved sensor function postinsertion. We further utilized these sensors to carry out real-time in vivo quantification of human interleukin 8 (hIL8) concentration levels in the blood of transgenic mice that endogenously express hIL8. To assess sensor functionality, hIL8 concentration levels in serum samples from the same mice were quantified by ELISA. Excellent agreement between real-time in vivo sensor readings in blood and subsequent ELISA serum assays was observed over multiple transgenic mice expressing hIL8 concentrations from 62 pg/mL to 539 ng/mL.
Polygenic risk scores across the extended psychosis spectrum
Authors: Smigielski Lukasz , Papiol Sergi , Theodoridou Anastasia , Heekeren Karsten , Gerstenberg Miriam , Wotruba Diana , Buechler Roman , Hoffmann Per , Herms Stefan , Adorjan Kristina , Anderson-Schmidt Heike , Budde Monika , Comes Ashley L. , Gade Katrin , Heilbronner Maria , Heilbronner Urs , Kalman Janos L. , Klöhn-Saghatolislam Farahnaz , Reich-Erkelenz Daniela , Schaupp Sabrina K. , Schulte Eva C. , Senner Fanny , Anghelescu Ion-George , Arolt Volker , Baune Bernhard T. , Dannlowski Udo , Dietrich Detlef E. , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Figge Christian , Jäger Markus , Juckel Georg , Konrad Carsten , Nieratschker Vanessa , Reimer Jens , Reininghaus Eva , Schmauß Max , Spitzer Carsten , von Hagen Martin , Wiltfang Jens , Zimmermann Jörg , Gryaznova Anna , Flatau-Nagel Laura , Reitt Markus , Meyers Milena , Emons Barbara , Haußleiter Ida Sybille , Lang Fabian U. , Becker Thomas , Wigand Moritz E. , Witt Stephanie H. , Degenhardt Franziska , Forstner Andreas J. , Rietschel Marcella , Nöthen Markus M. , Andlauer Till F. M. , Rössler Wulf , Walitza Susanne , Falkai Peter , Schulze Thomas G. , Grünblatt Edna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs early detection of symptoms in the subclinical to clinical psychosis spectrum may improve health outcomes, knowing the probabilistic susceptibility of developing a disorder could guide mitigation measures and clinical intervention. In this context, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) quantifying the additive effects of multiple common genetic variants hold the potential to predict complex diseases and index severity gradients. PRSs for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) were computed using Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors based on the latest SZ and BD genome-wide association studies (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, third release). Eight well-phenotyped groups (n = 1580; 56% males) were assessed: control (n = 305), lower (n = 117) and higher (n = 113) schizotypy (both groups of healthy individuals), at-risk for psychosis (n = 120), BD type-I (n = 359), BD type-II (n = 96), schizoaffective disorder (n = 86), and SZ groups (n = 384). PRS differences were investigated for binary traits and the quantitative Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Both BD-PRS and SZ-PRS significantly differentiated controls from at-risk and clinical groups (Nagelkerke’s pseudo-R2: 1.3–7.7%), except for BD type-II for SZ-PRS. Out of 28 pairwise comparisons for SZ-PRS and BD-PRS, 9 and 12, respectively, reached the Bonferroni-corrected significance. BD-PRS differed between control and at-risk groups, but not between at-risk and BD type-I groups. There was no difference between controls and schizotypy. SZ-PRSs, but not BD-PRSs, were positively associated with transdiagnostic symptomology. Overall, PRSs support the continuum model across the psychosis spectrum at the genomic level with possible irregularities for schizotypy. The at-risk state demands heightened clinical attention and research addressing symptom course specifiers. Continued efforts are needed to refine the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of PRSs in mental healthcare.
PACS-2 attenuates diabetic kidney disease via the enhancement of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane formation
Authors: Xue Mei , Fang Ting , Sun Hongxi , Cheng Ying , Li Ting , Xu Chaofei , Tang Chao , Liu Xiaohuan , Sun Bei , Chen Liming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe altered homeostasis of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM) was closely associated with the pathological process of nervous system diseases and insulin resistance. Here, the exact implication of phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PCAS-2), an anchor protein in the MAM interface, in diabetic kidney disease was investigated. In the kidneys of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mice and HG-induced HK-2 cells, a notable disruption of ER-mitochondria interactions, accompanied by a decreased PACS-2 expression in all subcellular fractions. Furthermore, PACS-2 knockout mice with diabetes displayed accelerated development of proteinuria, deterioration of kidney function, and aggravated disruption of MAM area, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, renal apoptosis, and fibrosis. However, overexpression of PACS-2 effectively protected diabetic kidneys and HG-treated HK-2 cells from renal tubular impairments. Importantly, experimental uncoupling of ER-mitochondria contacts reversed the protective effects of PACS-2 restoration on HK-2 cells under HG conditions. In summary, our data indicate a pivotal role of PACS-2 in the development of diabetic renal tubular injury via the stabilization of MAM.