bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between thrombomodulin gene polymorphism and susceptibility to venous thromboembolism
Authors: Wei Meihao , Xue Xiaohui , Pan Yipeng , Wu Yan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies displayed that thrombomodulin gene polymorphisms are closely associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE), while the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to accurately determine the association between thrombomodulin gene polymorphism and the risk of VTE.

Methods:
Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, PubMed, EmBase, and Web of Science databases were searched, and the time to build the database was set until January 2021. The association between thrombomodulin gene polymorphism and the risk of VTE was evaluated. Meta-analysis was performed with STATA 16.0 software, and the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were applied to estimate the relationship between thrombomodulin gene polym‘orphism and the risk of VTE.

Results:
The results of this meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis will summarize the relationship between thrombomodulin genepolymorphism and VTE risk.

Ethics and dissemination:
Ethical approval was not required for this study. The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences, and shared on social media platforms. This review would be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or conference presentations.

OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/UEHJP.
Verification and comparison of three prediction models of ischemic stroke in young adults based on the back propagation neural networks
Authors: Chen Yuyang , Mao Yingqi , Pan Xiaoyun , Jin Weifeng , Qiu Tao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work aims to explore risk factors for ischemic stroke in young adults and analyze the Traditional Vascular Risk Factors Model based on age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking history, and drinking history. Further, the Lipid Metabolism Model was analyzed based on lipoprotein a [LP (a)], high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and the Early Renal Injury Model based on urinary microalbuminuria/creatinine ratio (UACR). Besides, we estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), cystatin C (Cys-C), homocysteine (Hcy), β2 microglobulin (β2m), and validated their predictive efficacy and clinical value for the development of ischemic stroke in young adults.
We selected and retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 565 young inpatients admitted to Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine between 2010 and 2020, 187 of whom were young stroke patients. A single-factor analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for stroke in young people and developed a traditional vascular risk factors model, a lipid metabolism model, and an early kidney injury model based on backpropagation (BP) neural networks technology to predict early stroke occurrence. Moreover, the prediction performance by the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) was assessed to further understand the risk factors for stroke in young people and apply their predictive role in the clinical setting.
Single-factor analysis showed that ischemic stroke in young adults was associated with hypertension, diabetes, smoking history, drinking history, LP(a), HDL, LDL, apo AI, apo B, eGFR, Cys-C, and β2m (P < .05). The BP neural networks technique was used to plot the ROC curves for the Traditional Vascular Risk Factors Model, the Lipid Metabolism Model, and the Early Kidney Injury Model in enrolled patients, and calculated AUC values of 0.7915, 0.8387, and 0.9803, respectively.
The early kidney injury model precisely predicted the risk of ischemic stroke in young adults and exhibited a certain clinical value as a reference for morbidity assessment. Whereas the prediction performance of the Traditional Vascular Risk Factors Model and the Lipid Metabolism Model were inferior to that of the early kidney injury model.
Effectiveness and safety of a newly designed partially covered tracheal metallic Y-shaped stent for the treatment of high cervical gastro-tracheal or tracheo-esophageal fistula
Authors: Jiao Dechao , Yao Yuan , Zhang Quanhui , Wang Ling , Ren Jianzhuang , Han Xinwei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a partially covered metallic tracheal Y-shaped stent for the treatment of high cervical gastro-tracheal fistula (GTF) and tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF). From January 2017 to January 2019, 16 patients with high cervical GTF and TEF received partially covered metallic Y-shaped stent placement under fluoroscopic guidance. The technical and clinical success rates, incidence of major complications, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score and quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) were compared pre and post stent placement. Technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 81.3%, respectively. Major complications (severe tumor ingrowth, mucostasis, hyperplastic granulation tissue) occurred in 7/16 (43.8%) patients. ECOG score and 5 of the 8 domains of the SF-36 (physical function, role physical, general health, vitality, social function) were significantly improved at 1 month after treatment (P < .01). During the median follow-up period of 8.3 months, 9 patients were alive. Median overall survival was 10.3 months (95% CI, 8.0–12.6). The newly designed partially covered tracheal Y-shaped stent appears to be effective and safe for treatment of high cervical GTF and TEF.
IgG4-related pleural effusion with high adenosine deaminase levels
Authors: Shimoda Masafumi , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Morimoto Kozo , Okumura Masao , Shimoda Kiyomi , Takemura Tamiko , Oka Teruaki , Yoshiyama Takashi , Yoshimori Kozo , Ohta Ken 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Levels of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA), a useful marker for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy, are elevated in some reports of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related pleural effusion. We describe a patient with IgG4-related pleural effusion who exhibited a high concentration of ADA. Furthermore, we reviewed the literature to compare patients with IgG4-related pleural effusion and tuberculous pleurisy.

Patient concerns:
A 75-year-old male patient had dyspnea for 1 month with a left pleural effusion that was exudative, lymphocyte dominant. The pleural fluid test results revealed a total protein (TP) concentration of 6.60 g/dl, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level of 383 IU/dl, and an ADA concentration of 54.5 U/L. An interferon gamma release assay showed a negative result.

Diagnoses:
Histological analysis of the thoracoscopic pleural biopsy revealed lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, with 80 IgG4-positive plasma cells/high-power field, and an IgG4/IgG ratio of approximately 40% to 50%. Other diseases were ruled out based on symptoms, negative autoimmune antigen results, and histopathologic findings. Thus, he was diagnosed with IgG4-related pleural effusion.

Interventions:
He received 15 mg of prednisolone as therapy.

Outcomes:
His pleural effusion and symptoms improved gradually within several months, and prednisolone was tapered to 6 mg daily.

Lessons:
It is important to distinguish between IgG4-related pleural effusion and tuberculous pleurisy. Therefore, we compared 22 patients with IgG4-related pleural effusion from PubMed and the Japan Medical Abstracts Society to 40 patients with tuberculous pleurisy at Fukujuji Hospital from January 2017 to May 2019. According to thoracentesis findings, 14 of 18 patients with IgG4-related pleural effusion had high ADA more than 40 U/L. The pleural effusion of patients with IgG4-related pleural effusion showed higher TP levels (P < .001) and lower LDH (P < .001) and ADA levels (P = .002) than those with tuberculous pleurisy. Moreover, the pleural fluid ADA/TP ratio was a good predictor for differentiating IgG4-related pleural effusion and tuberculous pleurisy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.909; 95% confidence level: 0.824–0.994).
Analysis of the relationship between asthma and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Wee Jee Hye , Bang Woo Jin , Park Min Woo , Byun Soo-Hwan , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between asthma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in an adult Korean population and to evaluate this association based on the treatment status of asthmatics.
We utilized the Korean genome and epidemiology study health examinee 2004 to 2016 database. A total of 47,186 participants (825 asthmatics and 46,361 controls) were selected and their BPH histories were analyzed. We categorized the participants according to their asthma treatment status: “well controlled”; “being treated”; and “not being treated”. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BPH were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age (60 years).
The results showed that the prevalence of BPH was higher among asthma patients (17.1%) than among controls (8.7%, P < .001). Asthma patients had a higher risk of having BPH (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.37–2.01, P < .001) than controls, after adjustment for age, income, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, frequency of physical activity, and the past medical diseases. The ORs for BPH were 1.35 (95% CI = 1.04–1.76) in those aged >60 years and 2.24 (95% CI = 1.70–2.96) in those aged ≤60 years. The ORs for BPH were 1.82 (95% CI = 1.16–2.87, P = .009) in the “well-controlled” group, 1.05 (95% CI = 0.74–1.49, P = .794) in the “being treated” group, and 2.24 (95% CI = 1.69–2.97, P < .001) in the “not being treated” group.
We found that there is a correlation between asthma and BPH in the adult Korean population. There is a stronger association between asthma and BPH in younger adults and in those who are not receiving treatment for asthma.
The risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants
Authors: Oh Hyun Jin , Ryu Kum Hei , Park Bum Joon , Yoon Byung-Ho 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background:
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been widely used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) and the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism. There is an issue with safety, especially in clinically relevant bleeding. We performed a network meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of major gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding associated with NOACs.

Methods:
Interventions were warfarin, enoxaparin, apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban. The primary outcome was the incidence of major GI bleeding. A subgroup analysis was performed according to the following indications: AF, deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, and postsurgical prophylaxis.

Results:
A total of 29 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 large observation population studies were included. Compared with warfarin, apixaban showed a decreased the risk of major GI bleeding (relative risk [RR] 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25–0.76), and rivaroxaban tended to increase this risk (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06–1.85). Dabigatran (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.98–1.60), edoxaban (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.69–1.65), and enoxaparin (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.63–2.43) did not significantly increase the risk of GI bleeding than did warfarin. In the subgroup analysis, according to indications, apixaban showed a decreased risk of major GI bleeding (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.34–0.74) than did warfarin in AF studies. Dabigatran (RR 2.36, 95% CI 1.55–3.60, and rivaroxaban (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.10–6.41) increased the risk of major GI bleeding than did apixaban. An analysis of studies on venous thromboembolism or pulmonary embolism showed that no individual NOAC or enoxaparin was associated with an increased risk of major GI bleeding compared to warfarin.

Conclusion:
Individual NOACs had varying profiles of GI bleeding risk. Results of analyses including only RCTs and those including both RCTs and population studies showed similar trends, but also showed several differences.
Ex Vivo Perfusion With Methylprednisolone Attenuates Brain Death-induced Lung Injury in Rats
Authors: van Zanden Judith E. , Leuvenink Henri G.D. , Verschuuren Erik A.M. , Veldhuis Zwanida J. , Ottens Petra J. , Erasmus Michiel E. , Hottenrott Maximilia C. 
Published: March 2021

Background.
The onset of brain death (BD) leads to the deterioration of potential donor lungs. Methylprednisolone is considered to increase lung oxygenation capacity and enhance the procurement yield of donor lungs, when applied in situ, during donor management. However, whether BD-induced lung damage is ameliorated upon treatment with methylprednisolone during acellular ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP), remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether the quality of lungs from brain-dead donors improves upon methylprednisolone treatment during EVLP.

Methods.
Rat lungs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental groups (n = 8/group): (1) healthy, directly procured lungs subjected to EVLP; (2) lungs from brain-dead rats subjected to cold storage and EVLP; and (3) lungs from brain-dead rats subjected to cold storage and EVLP with 40 mg methylprednisolone added to the perfusate. Ventilation and perfusion parameters, histology, edema formation, metabolic profile, and inflammatory status of lungs were investigated.

Results.
Methylprednisolone treated lungs from brain-dead donors improved positive inspiratory pressures needed to maintain tidal volumes of 7 mL/kg of body weight, which was 25.6 ± 5.8 cm H2O in untreated lungs and 18.0 ± 3.0 cm H2O in methylprednisolone treated lungs, after 6 h EVLP. Furthermore, dynamic lung compliance increased upon methylprednisolone treatment, with values of 0.11 ± 0.05 mL/cm H2O versus 0.18 ± 0.04 mL/cm H2O after 6 h of EVLP. Methylprednisolone treatment ameliorated the amount of lung edema, as corroborated by a reduction of 0.7 in the wet/dry ratio. Although glucose consumption levels were comparable, the BD-induced cumulative lactate production decreased from 0.44 ± 0.26 to 0.11 ± 0.16 mmol/L upon methylprednisolone treatment. Finally, BD-induced inflammatory status was reduced upon methylprednisolone treatment compared to untreated lungs from brain-dead donors, as reflected by lower proinflammatory gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1, and IL-6 perfusate levels.

Conclusions.
We showed that methylprednisolone treatment during EVLP attenuates BD-induced lung injury.
S-acylation controls SARS-Cov-2 membrane lipid organization and enhances infectivity
Authors: Mesquita Francisco S. , Abrami Laurence , Sergeeva Oksana , Turelli Priscilla , Kunz Béatrice , Raclot Charlène , Montoya Jonathan Paz , Abriata Luciano A. , Peraro Matteo Dal , Trono Didier , D’Angelo Giovanni , van der Goot F. Gisou 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYSARS-CoV-2 virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer which contains membrane proteins such as Spike, responsible for target-cell binding and virus fusion, the envelope protein E and the accessory protein Orf3a. Here, we show that during SARS-CoV-2 infection, all three proteins become lipid modified, through action of the S-acyltransferase ZDHHC20. Particularly striking is the rapid acylation of Spike on 10 cytosolic cysteines within the ER and Golgi. Using a combination of computational, lipidomics and biochemical approaches, we show that this massive lipidation controls Spike biogenesis and degradation, and drives the formation of localized ordered cholesterol and sphingolipid rich lipid nanodomains, in the early Golgi where viral budding occurs. ZDHHC20-mediated acylation allows the formation of viruses with enhanced fusion capacity and overall infectivity. Our study points towards S-acylating enzymes and lipid biosynthesis enzymes as novel therapeutic anti-viral targets.
Seasonal occurrence of Japanese pygmy octopusOctopus parvusin the intertidal zone
Authors: Yamate Yuta , Ohya Takumi , Wada Toshifumi , Takegaki Takeshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Japanese pygmy octopusOctopus parvusis a small octopus that occurs commonly along the coast of southern Japan, and is caught using traditional fishing methods. To date, however, there have been no studies on the ecology of this species. In this study, we investigated the annual seasonal occurrence ofO. parvusin the intertidal zone of Fukue Island, Nagasaki, Japan, and examined the growth, maturation, and feeding habits of this octopus. We accordingly found that the octopus inhabits the intertidal zone of the study site from August to January, during which time it appears to move from the high to low intertidal zone, and subsequently migrates to the subtidal zone. During low tide at night in the intertidal zone, we observed that the octopuses actively captured and fed on prey, such as fish, crabs, hermit crabs, shrimp, snails, and bivalves. Both males and females were found to be characterized by similar body sizes and growth, although gonadal development occurs relatively earlier in males. However, any mating or brooding behaviors were not observed during the course of the study. Our observations thus indicate thatO. parvususes intertidal zones as feeding grounds for rapid growth and maturation, and may thereafter move to the subtidal zone for spawning.
An update to the LIFEtime-perspective CardioVascular Disease (LIFE-CVD) model for prediction of individualized lifetime benefit from cardiovascular risk factor management in apparently healthy people
Authors: de Vries Tamar I. , Jaspers Nicole E.M. , Visseren Frank L.J. , Dorresteijn Jannick A.N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe previously developed LIFEtime-perspective CardioVascular Disease (LIFE-CVD) model can be used to predict lifetime cardiovascular disease risk, CVD-free life expectancy, and lifetime benefit from cardiovascular risk factor treatment in apparently healthy people aged 45 to 80 years. However, there was an unmet need to be able to apply the model in patients younger than 45 years, and to accurately estimate treatment effects in patients with a life expectancy exceeding 90 years.AimUpdate the LIFE-CVD model to enable application of the model in people aged 35 to 89 years, and to allow more accurate estimation of treatment effects in patients with a life expectancy exceeding 90 years.MethodsThe study was conducted using data from the same studies as were used for derivation and validation of the original model, including the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) cohort, and the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Netherlands (EPIC-NL) and EPIC-Norfolk cohort studies. Age-specific baseline survivals were smoothed by predicting the progression of baseline survivals with age, using a local polynomial regression function and a exponential function for CVD, and non-CVD mortality baseline survivals respectively. Using these functions, baseline survivals were then extrapolated to the age range of 35 to 100 years. External validation using the newly updated baseline survivals was performed.ResultsPerformance of the updated model was not dissimilar from the original model, with C-statistics for discrimination ranging from 0.70-0.76 in the external study populations. Calibration plots showed a good agreement between predicted and observed 10-year CVD risks. Estimation of treatment effects in patients with a life expectancy exceeding 90 years was improved.ConclusionThis update of the LIFE-CVD model improves the clinical usability of the model by increasing the age range and improving the method of estimation of lifetime treatment effects.
Gel-like inclusions of C-terminal fragments of TDP-43 sequester and inhibit proteasomes in neurons
Authors: Riemenschneider Henrick , Guo Qiang , Bader Jakob , Frottin Frédéric , Farny Daniel , Kleinberger Gernot , Haass Christian , Mann Matthias , Hartl F. Ulrich , Baumeister Wolfgang , Hipp Mark S. , Meissner Felix , Fernandez-Busnadiego Ruben , Edbauer Dieter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTDP-43 inclusions enriched in C-terminal fragments of ~25kDa (“TDP-25”) are associated with neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we analyzed gain-of-function mechanisms of TDP-25 combining cryo-electron tomography, proteomics and functional assays. TDP-25 inclusions are amorphous with gel-like biophysical properties and sequester proteasomes adopting exclusively substrate-processing conformations. This leads to proteostasis impairment, further enhanced by pathogenic mutations. These findings bolster the importance of proteasome dysfunction in ALS/FTD.
A structure-derived mechanism reveals how capping protein promotes nucleation in branched actin networks
Authors: Funk Johanna , Merino Felipe , Schaks Matthias , Rottner Klemens , Raunser Stefan , Bieling Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeterodimeric capping protein (CP/CapZ) is an essential factor for the assembly of branched actin networks, which push against cellular membranes to drive a large variety of cellular processes. Aside from terminating filament growth, CP stimulates the nucleation of actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex in branched actin networks through an unclear mechanism. Here, we report the structure of capped actin filament barbed ends, which reveals how CP not only prevents filament elongation, but also controls access to both terminal filament subunits. In addition to its primary binding site that blocks the penultimate subunit, we find that the CP sterically occludes the central interaction site of the terminal actin protomer through one of its C-terminal “tentacle” extensions. Deletion of this β tentacle only modestly impairs capping. However in the context of a growing branched actin network, its removal potently inhibits nucleation promoting factors (NPFs) by tethering them to capped filament ends. End tethering of NPFs prevents their loading with actin monomers required for activation of the Arp2/3 complex and thus strongly inhibits branched network assembly both in cells and reconstituted motility assays. Our results mechanistically explain how CP couples two opposed processes –capping and nucleation– in branched actin network assembly.
Evaluation of substrate composition and exogenous hormone application on vegetative propagule rooting success of essential oil hemp (Cannabis sativaL.)
Authors: Campbell S.M. , Anderson S.L. , Brym Z. , Pearson B.J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo support the rapidly expanding industrial hemp industry, a commercial supply of high-quality starter plants with low genetic variability from nurseries will be key to consistent and efficient cultivation efforts. Rooting success was evaluated across four propagation medias, five rooting hormones, and eight commercially available high-cannabidiol (CBD) essential oil hemp cultivars. Cuttings were placed in a climate-controlled room and assessed for rooting success 12 days after cloning. Rooting success was determined by quantifying total root number, cumulative total root length, and total root mass. Propagation media had the greatest effect on rooting success (13-80 %). Rockwool had the highest rooting success resulting in 10-fold increases in rooting traits over the next highest scoring medium (Berger BM6). Hormone applications significantly improved (15-to 18-fold) rooting success compared to no hormone application, while non-statistical differences were observed across auxin hormone concentrations and application methods. Genetic variation in rooting response was observed between cultivars with ‘Cherry Wine’ outperforming all other cultivars with an approximate 20% increase in rooting success over the next highest rooting cultivar, ‘Wife’. Although the ideal combination was not specifically identified in this study, findings provide insight into how rooting hormone application and medium selection impact vegetative propagule rooting success of essential oil hemp.