bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN INTRAOPERATIVE SCORING SYSTEM DURING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IS A VALUABLE TOOL TO ASSESS CONVERSION RATES AND PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Rashaan Mezjda 
Published: October 2021

Background
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is currently the gold standard procedure for management of gall bladder diseases (GBD). Bile duct injuries are the most disaster complication during this procedure, especially in patients with acute cholecystitis. To decrease such biliary injuries intraoperatively and conversion rates, it is necessary to have preoperative and intraoperative assessment of gall bladder according to special grading scale. In this study for such evaluation and assessment in patients with acute cholecystitis we are using Parkland Grading Scale (PGS).
Objectives
To evaluate pre-operative findings, conversion rates, and perioperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy through intra-operative assessment of the gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Materials and Methods
A cohort of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were retrospectively studied. The Parkland Grading Scale for Cholecystitis (PGS), which consists of a five-tier grading system, was used for the intra-operative assessment of the gallbladder
Results
710 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this study. High pre-operative white blood cell counts, as well as bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels and ultrasonography features such as gallbladder thickness, bile duct dilatation, and stones in the common bile duct, were significantly more often present in patients with grades 3, 4, and 5 than in patients with grades 1 and 2 (p<0.0001). Patients with grades 4 and 5 had the highest conversion rate compared with patients with other grades (50.0% and 66.7%, respectively, p<0.0001). Furthermore, the number of perioperative complications was highest with grades 4 and 5 compared with other grades (40.0% and 33.3%, respectively, p<0.0001). The incidence of bile duct injuries, seroma, and wound infections were highest with grade 4 compared with other grades (5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, p<0.0001)
Conclusion
Intra-operative assessment of the severity of gallbladder disease using the Parkland Grading Scale for Cholecystitis (PGS) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a valuable tool to assess the difficultly of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the conversion rates, and perioperative complications.
CLINICAL PHARMACIST INTERVENTION IN MANAGING PAIN AMONG PATIENTS WITH CANCER IN HIWA ONCOLOGY HOSPITAL
Authors: Marf Tavan , Mohammed Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

Background
Cancer patients are mostly suffering from pain during cancer treatments or after chemotherapy because pain management in cancer patients is not standardized, the clinical pharmacist takes a more effective role in the improvement of the drug treatment.
Objectives
To study the role of clinical pharmacist intervention in pain management in cancer patients and compare them to the non-intervention group.
Patients and Methods
This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in Hiwa teaching hospital in Sulaimani from July 2019- January 2020, 200 patients participated in this study, they were divided into two groups randomly, the first group which includes (100 patients) with intervention by a clinical pharmacist and the second group (100 patients) was the control group with no intervention by a clinical pharmacist. All patients have malignancy and were suffering from cancer pain. They were assessed initially for their pain and followed-up for 4 weeks by direct interview or by telephone contact, the intervention group was further advised to manage any drug-related problems including (adverse effects of the drugs, dose modification, and changing drug in cooperation with the oncologist, also the patients were advised to have further adherence to the analgesic drugs. The process and outcome parameters of therapy were collected and analyzed, using SPSS-version 23.
Results
The pain scores in the intervention group were significantly improved compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of opioid and nonopioid adverse effects was significantly lower in the intervention group and they showed higher adherence to the analgesic drugs (P< 0.05)
Conclusion
Clinical pharmacist has a positive role in managing the pain of patients suffering from cancer pain, also achieving better control of the pain and by minimizing adverse effects of the analgesics and increasing adherence to their medication.
ASSESSMENT OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL FIRST AID KNOWLEDGE AMONG SENIOR STUDENTS IN MEDICAL COLLEGES IN THE GOVERNMENTAL UNIVERSITIES IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Mustafa Sarbaz , Ibrahim Hadeel , Mohammad Mohammad , Othman Shniar , Salih Hawzhin , Mohammed Saeeda , Muhamad Tara , Abdulmuhsen Raghda 
Published: October 2021

Background
Life is characterized by uncertain twists and turns and risky conditions that come out all the time. First aid is the instantaneous action taken to save a life and lessen the effects of injury and illness until medical help is procured. This study aims to assess the knowledge regarding first aid among undergraduate senior students in the Governmental medical colleges in Sulaimani City. The study population consisted of students from 4 medical colleges at the University of Sulaimani and from 2 medical colleges atSulaimani Polytechnic University.
Materials and Methods
Data were obtained via a questionnaire from 157 students. Collected data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 2013, and all data analyses were done using SPSS version 16.0.
Results
The overall percentage of correct answers was 71.5%, and 28.5% with insufficient knowledge. The highest percentage of correct answers belonged to students from the College of Nursing 38.5%. A significant difference was found among students who had taken first aid courses and/or lectures previously when compared to those who had not, but there was no significant difference between those who work as a health professionals and those who do not.
Conclusion
The level of knowledge and awareness of first aid is satisfactory among the senior students, yet further compulsory first aid training programs with practical activities are needed, with more significant and less limited research studies.
Wettability and Its Controlling Factors of Mixed Shale Oil Reservoirs: A Case Study of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag
Authors: Wang Meng , Sun Pengpeng , Xiao Dianshi , Wang Min , Gao Yang , Lu Shuangfang , Xiong Xiong , Peng Yue , Zhao Renwen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Due to diverse mineral composition and complex lithology, mixed shale oil reservoir wettability features and the associated controlling factors remain unclear, limiting the evaluation of the oil-bearing property and sweet spot distribution. This paper examined mixed shale oil samples from the Jimusar Sag in the Lucaogou Formation. Casting thin sections, X-ray diffraction, geochemical characteristics, argon ion polishing scanning electron microscope, and high pressure mercury injection were used to analyze lithologic characteristics, mineral compositions, and pore-throat structures within the mixed shale oil reservoir. Using spontaneous imbibition and nuclear magnetic resonance, the wettability characteristics were analyzed. Impacts of organic matter abundance, mineral composition, pore-throat structure, and source-reservoir combination on wettability were discussed. The Lucaogou mixed shale oil reservoir primarily contains intergranular dissolved pores, intragranular dissolved pores, and intercrystalline pores. Three types of mercury intrusion cures were observed, including a weak platform shape (type I), gentle straight line shape (type II), and upward convex shape (type III), corresponding to intergranular, dissolved, and dissolved-intercrystalline dominant pore-throat systems, respectively. Mixed shale oil reservoirs show dual wet properties, containing both oil-wet and water-wet pores. Oil-wet pores (large pores with T2&gt;1 ms) are more common and have better connectivity than water-wet pores (small pores with T2&lt;1 ms). Dolomite-bearing siltstone and mudstone are primarily strongly oil-wet, while siltstone is primarily mixed wet. Type II and type III pore-throat systems are more oil-wet than type I for the same source-reservoir combination. Mixed shale oil reservoir wettability is primarily controlled by three factors, including organic matter abundance, source-reservoir combination, and dolomite content. The influence of the pore-throat structure is weak. High organic matter abundance, an integrated source-reservoir or adjacent source-reservoir, and appropriate dolomite content are necessary conditions for forming a strong oil-wet shale oil reservoir in the Lucaogou Formation. Stronger oil-wet is beneficial for shale oil charging and enrichment.
The Study of Transformed Herbaceous Vegetation in the Area Flooded Due to Coal Mine Workings
Authors: Lykholat Yuriy , Khromykh Nina , Didur Oleh , Kotovych Oleksandr , Kovalenko Igor , Kovalenko Vladyslav , Tsyliuryk Olexander , Lykholat Tetyana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The spontaneous vegetation in permanent flooding zone around technogenic water bodies arising on former pastures due to underground coal mining in the Western Donbass basin (steppe zone of Ukraine) was studied in 2018–2019. Occurrence and abundance of herbaceous plants were taken into account in 36 vegetation plots over a total area of 0.8 km2 in different habitats: dry, wet and flooded. In total, 83 plant species belonging to 31 families and 66 genera were identified, among which perennials dominated. Strong negative Pearson’s correlation was found between the amount and abundance of plant species and soil characteristics across the studied habitats, where the joint action of all edaphic factors determined the mosaic appearance of transformed vegetation. The spontaneous vegetation of the least disturbed xero-mesophilic habitats was most similar to (semi)natural grasslands, while the vegetation of hygrophilic habitats had a complete mismatch. Surrounding grasslands were not the most important diasporas’ source for spontaneous succession in the disturbed zone, and many species were supposed to come from the more remote areas. Recovery of target vegetation did not occur for 25 years of permanent subsidence and flooding due to radical transformation of landscape and soil and appearance of completely inappropriate habitats. At the same time, the unusual species composition of spontaneous vegetation and significant number of rare and endangered plants indicate the formation of valuable biotopes in the subsidence and flooding zone.
Ecological and distribution traits of the large white-faced darter Leucorrhinia pectoralis (Charpentier, 1825) in Slovakia
Authors: Šíblová Zuzana , David Stanislav , Moyzeová Milena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The dragonfly Leucorrhinia pectoralis was recorded in Slovakia at 38 sites in 112 findings and there were 707 imagoes. Reproduction was confirmed in seven sites by finding of 35 larvae and exuviae. The highest number of sites with the occurrence of L. pectoralis is located in the Záhorská nížina lowland; most sites in Slovakia are located at an altitude of 213–351 m. L. pectoralis was recorded together with 49 species of dragonflies, and the average number of L. pectoralis was 9.56 individuals per site. It occurs in the communities as a dominant species (9.5%) together with eudominants Coenagrion puella, C. hastulatum and Libellula quadrimaculata. By non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), we found a coenotic correlation to peat species Libellula quadrimaculata, Leucorrhinia rubicunda, L. dubia and Sympetrum danae. By redundancy linear analysis (RDA), we found a Monte Carlo permutation test to make a non-random contribution to the explained variability of seven factors (p = 0.012–0.034). L. pectoralis statistically significantly prefers habitats in the forest landscape (r = 0.62, p = 0.0063), the presence of vegetation (r = 0.94, p = 0.0003) and peatbogs (r = 0.61, p = 0.0058). We did not confirm a significant correlation to altitude. Based on easy determination, territoriality (especially males) and bioindicative sensitivity of larvae, L. pectoralis is accepted as an umbrella species. L. pectoralis has a high dispersion potential and is suitable for creating the meta-population character of local populations, which is important for the conservation management of the species.
Avifauna Structure Of Boreal Zone Open Habitats (Ishim Plain, Western Siberia)
Authors: Boldyrev Stepan , Levykh Alena , Ganzherli Nadezhda , Gashev Sergey , Sorokina Natalya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In 2014‒2016 field seasons, bird censuses were conducted on 34 flyways in seven different types of open habitats of the Russian part of the Ishim River region. Ninety-five species from 72 genera from 10 orders were registered. It is established that the taxonomic composition and ecological structure of avifauna of the habitats under investigation comply with their biotopical characteristics; diversity of taxons and ecological groups show positive correlation with habitats’ heterogeneity. In natural habitats, the maximum total abundance of birds, highest species diversity within the habitat (α-diversity) and species sustainability are characteristic of river meadows ornithocenoses, mainly due to low-numbered species and a higher evenness index. In disturbed habitats, the maximum total abundance, species diversity, Shannon diversity index, Pielou’s evenness index, minimal index of diversity and highest indices of elastic and general sustainability are characteristic of abandoned fields ornithocenoses, due to a more complex structure of vegetation communities and habitat resource capacity, which increased in the course of secondary succession. Due to natural and historical unity, middle and northern forest steppe’s avifaunae are most similar. The southern taiga open habitats’ ornithocenoses are most heterogeneous, due to an increased amount of dendrophilous birds along with forest habitats’ increased area and diversity.
Correlation Between Training and Education of Human Resources and Business Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Klepić Iva 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Human resources (HR) represent a crucial resource of enterprises. This especially applies to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in which HR can create a competitive advantage and affect survival and development. Changes in the business environment, the need for new knowledge, skills and abilities due to changes in the market and business all lead to widening the gap between existing and required competencies of employees. In the process of training and education of HR, employees acquire the necessary knowledge, refine their skills and/or acquire new skills, and experience. More to the point, they obtain the competencies they need to stay and/or become successful in their job and future jobs that they will perform in the enterprise. The principal aim of this research is to determine the correlation between training and education of HR and business performance of SMEs. The survey was conducted in SMEs in the Federation of B&H from August to September 2020. An original questionnaire was created for the research, used for collecting the views on the HR training and education of top managers as well as four business performance perspectives of companies based on the Balanced Scorecard model. Data were analysed using SPSS 20.0. The following were used from the statistical procedures: Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, t-test for independent samples, Spearman’s correlation of coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test (depending on the results distribution). The results of the survey showed that there is a correlation between training and education of HR and business performance in SMEs. In addition, the survey results indicated differences among the enterprises in terms of their size; i.e., between small and medium-sized enterprises. However, those differences are not statistically significant.
temporalidad e intencionalidad pasiva en los manuscritos C
Authors: Soto Francisco Conde 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this article the author presents Husserl’s analysis of the problem of time-consciousness in the C-Manuscripts (1929-1934). He tries to discuss the reasons why Husserl introduces the concept of “living present” and the necessity of distinguishing the originary temporalizing flux of absolute consciousness and the immanent time where acts are placed when they become object of an act of reflection. Another important issue is the introduction of a Ur-Ich, which works anonymously and temporalizes itself. It will be also studied why Husserl considers at the end that temporalization is an non-intentional passive process that works at the deepest level of consciousness.
Uma abordagem husserliana ao problema da referência
Authors: Barata André 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
No último quartel do Séc. XX, instalou-se na Filosofia da Linguagem um vivo debate entre duas teorias acerca da referência, a teoria descritivista, formulada por Bertrand Russell e com raízes na filosofia de Frege, e, a desafiar esta, a teoria causal da referência, sob o impulso de Putnam e de Kripke. Há, por outro lado, importantes estudos do pensamento de Husserl, centrados sobretudo em Ideias I, que dão conta da possibilidade de uma sua leitura fregeana.
O intuito desta comunicação reside, primeiramente, em mostrar que, não obstante essas leituras, os aspectos semânticos mais originais na fenomenologia de Husserl e, além disso, também mais interessantes para o debate sobre o problema da referência, se encontram logo na Primeira das Investigações Lógicas. Com efeito, nesse texto, cremos ser possível mostrar que a teoria da expressão de Husserl não se ajusta nem à teoria descritivista nem à teoria causal da referência.
As razões do desajustamento, segundo tese que propomos, prendem-se com o facto de ambas as teorias da referência, descritivista e causal, disputarem entre si o problema da frxação da referência das expressões como se esse fosse o problema de saber o que faz com que as expressões refiram.
Mostrar que não é assim com Husserl, conduz-nos a um terceiro problema, na obra póstuma Experiência e Juízo, sobre a constituição dos referentes, enquanto objectos de uma relação directa ao individual, ou seja, enquanto objectos de experiência. Quererá isto dizer, concluindo, que o problema da referência, antes de respeitar às expressões referenciais, respeita à própria experiência e que tal problema deverá, por isso, resolver-se na constituição passiva e ante-predicativa da experiência.
A hermenêutica como sabedoria prática: entre Gadamer e Ricoeur
Authors: Portocarrero Luísa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A presente comunicação procura pensar a ideia de hermenêutica como filosofia prática, a partir das semelhanças que Gadamer estabelece entre a racionalidade hermenêutica e a fronesis aristotélica. A ideia chave é esta: o núcleo fundamental da razão hermenêutica é a unidade de compreensão, interpretação e aplicação; a aplicação é o cerne da racionalidade hermenêutica, que sempre foi susci.tada por casos de tensão entre situações singulares. de vida e textos ou leis com sentido universal, que melhor permitem entendê-las. Neste sentido, a tarefa hermenêutica é semelhante à da ética aristotélica: medir uma situação concreta à luz das exigências éticas mais gerais. Tal é de facto a condição da praxis ética e política do ser humano, aquela que hoje é absolutamente necessário pensar face à inflação contemporânea de uma praxis guiada por mecanismos automáticos de índole técnica. Quer isto dizer que é necessário hoje clarificar absolutamente o que distingue a praxis conduzida pela technê da praxis ética e política como condição da liberdade humana. Segundo Gadamer, esta tem uma natureza hermenêutica que urge clarificar, pois, ela parte sempre de regras, tradições, leis que são recriadas em acto na situação hermenêutica da sua aplicação.
Aplicação hermenêutica e froairesis têm uma estrutura semelhante que é necessário perceber pois também a praxis técnica é uma forma de aplicação, embora de natureza bem diferente.
P. Ricoeur sabe também que a praxis concreta do ser humano nada tem de semelhante à praxis técnica, a produção e que pensá-la exige a mediação de uma simbólica e de uma mítica concreta.
Mundo, Percepção e Coexistência. Reflex˜oes Sobre Ética a partir de M.·Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Santos Vânia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the relation between ethics and lived body based on Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s works. It is true that the philosopher did not elaborate an ethic. Neither does the present text propose to do so. However, it intends to demonstrate that the Merleau-Ponty contraposition of his existential ontology to the metaphysical anthropological perspectives provides the indications and paths necessary for a possible ethics that takes the radically integral phenomenon of human existence as an inexóráble source.
Motor-type aphasia in English and Spanish and its relation to the linguistic variables intervening in reading
Authors: Vereda-Alonso Cristina , Gonzalez-Sanchez Mercedes 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This pilot study was designed to explore the way linguistic variables affect reading in English and Spanish in the context of motor-type aphasia. The participants were two speakers with English L1, two English-Spanish bilinguals, and four speakers with Spanish L1. The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) and Psycholinguistic Assessments of Language Processing in Aphasia (PALPA) were used to assess the participants’ reading skills. L1 English, Spanish, and bilingual participants used both the lexical and sublexical route when reading, but utilized one route more than the other depending on their linguistic profile. L1 Spanish participants used the damaged phonological route, producing many neologisms or non-answers. L1 English participants, utilizing the lexical route, produced more lexicalizations than neologisms. The bilingual participants showed interlanguage interference by producing many spelling-sound regularizations. These results suggest that orthographic depth and different linguistic variables affect individuals with motor-type aphasia depending on the language they speak.
Selected Issues in Universal Design of Yachts for People with Disabilities
Authors: Branowski Bogdan , Zabłocki Marek , Kurczewski Przemysław , Walczak Andrzej 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the general principles of building a sailing yacht designed for people with multiple disabilities. Specific requirements for the crew on such vessels have been stressed. A lot of attention has been given to the possible disabilities of the design subjects and accessibility of the new yacht. The universal design method has been adopted to enable meeting ergonomic and rehabilitation requirements. We discuss selected stages of the design process: problem analysis, yacht construction and equipment. We discuss the influence of the type of disability on yacht use, in detail. Two tasks have been combined, that of a sailor with disabilities and that of a yacht. Both of them need to be taken into account in the socio-technical ‘sailor with disabilities - yacht’ system. A set of required yacht adaptations has been developed to meet the relationships in this system. Typical dangers in sailing on the Empatia 60 FD yacht are further enumerated. We provide a set of design rules for constructing dedicated yachts for the disabled and their practical use.