bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity with cardio-vascular diseases among older adults: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey, 2017–18
Authors: Banerjee Snigdha , Kumar Pradeep , Srivastava Shobhit , Banerjee Adrita 
Published: December 2021

Background
With the increase in elderly population, the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among Indian older adults is also increasing. The present paper tries to assess how different anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity affects cardiovascular disease risk among older adults in India.

Methods
The data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) has been used. The total sample size for the present study is 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression has been used to measure the association of obesity measures and CVD prevalence.

Results
About 35.2% (n = 11,058) of the older adults suffered from CVD. Moreover, 22.2% (n = 6,217) of the older adults were obese/overweight, 23.7% (n = 6,651) had high risk waist circumference and 77.0% (n = 21,593) had high risk waist-Hip ratio. The likelihood of CVD was 60%, 50%, and 34% significantly higher among older adults who were obese/overweight [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.60; CI: 1.48–1.72], had high risk waist circumference [AOR: 1.50; CI: 1.39–1.62] and high risk waist-Hip ratio [AOR: 1.34; CI: 1.25–1.44], respectively compared to older adults with normal BMI and those who do not have a high risk waist circumference and high risk waist hip ratio. Moreover, older adults who never did physical activity had 22 per cent higher risk of CVD than those who did frequent [AOR: 1.22; CI: 1.13–1.32] physical activity.

Conclusion
The burden of overweight and obesity along with physical inactivity increases the risk of CVD in older adults. These findings highlight the urgent need for framing direct and indirect strategies to control obesity in order to reduce the burden of CVD among older adults in India.
Using semantics to scale up evidence-based chemical risk-assessments
Authors: Blake Catherine , Flaws Jodi A. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe manual processes used for risk assessments are not scaling to the amount of data available. Although automated approaches appear promising, they must be transparent in a public policy setting.ObjectiveOur goal is to create an automated approach that moves beyond retrieval to the extraction step of the information synthesis process, where evidence is characterized as supporting, refuting, or neutral with respect to a given outcome.MethodsWe combine knowledge resources and natural language processing to resolve coordinated ellipses and thus avoid surface level differences between concepts in an ontology and outcomes in an abstract. As with a systematic review, the search criterion, and inclusion and exclusion criterion are explicit.ResultsThe system scales to 482K abstracts on 27 chemicals. Results for three endpoints that are critical for cancer risk assessments show that refuting evidence (where the outcome decreased) was higher for cell proliferation (45.9%), and general cell changes (37.7%) than for cell death (25.0%). Moreover, cell death was the only end point where supporting claims were the majority (61.3%). If the number of abstracts that measure an outcome was used as a proxy for association there would be a stronger association with cell proliferation than cell death (20/27 chemicals). However, if the amount of supporting evidence was used (where the outcome increased) the conclusion would change for 21/27 chemicals (20 from proliferation to death and 1 from death to proliferation).ConclusionsWe provide decision makers with a visual representation of supporting, neutral, and refuting evidence whilst maintaining the reproducibility and transparency needed for public policy. Our findings show that results from the retrieval step where the number of abstracts that measure an outcome are reported can be misleading if not accompanied with results from the extraction step where the directionality of the outcome is established.
Prevalence, incidence and predictors of renal impairment in persons with HIV receiving protease-inhibitors in rural Tanzania
Authors: Mapesi Herry , Okuma James , Franzeck Fabian , Wilson Herieth Ismael , Senkoro Elizabeth , Byakuzana Theonestina , Ndege Robert , Vanobberghen Fiona , Glass Tracy Renée , Battegay Manuel , Weisser Maja , Paris Daniel Henry ,   on behalf of the KIULARCO Study Group
Published: December 2021

Objective
Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (bPI) in people living with HIV (PLWH) have been associated with renal impairment. Limited data are available from rural sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
Using data from the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort Study (KIULARCO) in rural Tanzania from 2005-01/2020, we assessed the prevalence of renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2) at the time of switch from first-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) to bPI-regimen and the incidence of renal impairment on bPI. We assessed risk factors for renal impairment using logistic and Cox regression models.

Results
Renal impairment was present in 52/687 PLWH (7.6%) at the switch to bPI. Among 556 participants with normal kidney function at switch, 41 (7.4%) developed renal impairment after a median time of 3.5 (IQR 1.6–5.1) years (incidence 22/1,000 person-years (95%CI 16.1–29.8)). Factors associated with renal impairment at switch were older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.55 per 10 years; 95%CI 1.15–2.11), body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (aOR 2.80 versus ≥18kg/m2; 95%CI 1.28–6.14) and arterial hypertension (aOR 2.33; 95%CI 1.03–5.28). The risk of renal impairment was lower with increased duration of ART use (aOR 0.78 per one-year increase; 95%CI 0.67–0.91). The renal impairment incidence under bPI was associated with older age (adjusted hazard ratio 2.01 per 10 years; 95%CI 1.46–2.78).

Conclusions
In PLWH in rural sub-Saharan Africa, prevalence and incidence of renal impairment among those who were switched from first-line to bPI-regimens were high. We found associations between renal impairment and older age, arterial hypertension, low BMI and time on ART.
In Vitro Evaluation of a Recently Developed Rotary File: AF Rotary
Authors: Seracchiani Marco , Donfrancesco Orlando , Relucenti Michela , Reda Rodolfo , Zanza Alessio , Gambarini Gianluca , Testarelli Luca 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Aim of the present study is to evaluate mechanical properties of a newly developed rotary file, AF Rotary (Fanta Dental, Shanghai, China), and to compare these features with a worldwide spread rotary file, Protaper Gold F2 (PTG F2; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Material and Methods: 60 AF Rotary 25.06 and 60 PTG F2 were divided in three groups of 20 files each. A group underwent to cyclic fatigue resistance tests, second group underwent to torsional resistance tests, third group underwent to bending tests. The statistical analysis was performed using t student test with significance level set at 95% (p < 0.05). Results: AF Rotary showed significantly higher torsional resistance and cyclic fatigue resistance (p < 0.05) when compared to the PTG F2. AF Rotary also showed significantly lower bending resistance (p < 0.05) when compared to the PTG F2. Conclusion: Therefore, within the limitations of this study, the results show better performances for AF Rotary compared to PTG F2 regarding the cyclic fatigue test, the torsional test and the bending test. Since the PTG F2 is a commonly used and widely investigated instrument it could be possible to state that the AF Rotary exhibits remarkable in vitro performances.

Keywords
AF Rotary; Protaper gold; NiTi rotary instruments; Cyclic fatigue; Torsional resistance.
Reflexiones desde la pedagogía feminista. Sorteando la ceguera de género en las Ciencias Económicas
Authors: Pagura María Fernanda , Logiodice Luisina 
Published: December 2021

Tal como lo demuestran múltiples investigaciones, los discursos y prácticas educativas universitarias producen saberes y mandatos atravesados por el androcentrismo y sexismo, de los que no quedan exentasla economía y la administración. Complejizar el abordaje disciplinar de las problemáticas sociales desde la perspectiva de género invita a leer el mundo en clave de relaciones de poder que se expresan en los nichosde injusticia social, económica, política y sexual. Para ello, es necesario no solo analizar aquello que se dice acerca del mundo en términos discursivos, sino también atender a los procedimientos que juegan en laproducción científica. En este sentido, es posible señalar que la crítica epistemológica y metodológica al enfoque dominante en dichas disciplinas constituye un paso indispensable para el desarrollo de la perspectiva feminista en las facultades de Ciencias Económicas.Este trabajo recupera, en clave de género, el recorrido de los dos últimos años de la cátedra Metodología de la Investigación que se dicta en el 3er. año de las carreras Lic. en Economía y Lic. en Administración de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la UNL (Santa Fe, Argentina).
Interesa mostrar, primeramente, el posicionamiento epistemológico feminista que se plasma en la propuesta didáctico pedagógica de la materia y que dialoga con los decires del estudiantado. En segundo lugar, explicitar algunas formas de materialización del sexismo en el curriculum prescripto, oculto y nulo en la formación profesional.
Teknologi Biodrying untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Kalor Sampah dan Proyeksinya sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif pada Tahun 2028
Authors: Fiki Anindi Cita , Hadiwododo Mochtar , Zaman Badrus , Zaman Badrus 
Published: December 2021

Timbulan municipal solid waste (MSW) akibat industrialisasi, urbanisasi dan pertumbuhan penduduk telah menimbulkan masalah tentang kerusakan lingkungan dan bahaya kesehatan manusia, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. MSW yang mudah terbakar memiliki kandungan proksimat yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi alternatif melalui recovery energi dengan metode bio-drying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah MSW menggunakan biodrying dan menghitung potensi MSW sebagai bahan bakar alternative. MSW dari Jatibarang landfill diolah dalam reaktor bio-drying dengan debit aerasi sebesar 6 L/m selama 21 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suhu puncak mencapai 58⁰C pada hari pertama. Kadar air mengalami penurunan hingga 44,65% pada hari ke-21. Nilai kalor mengalami kenaikan 28% dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 6.049 kal/gr. Produk biodrying dari MSW Jatibarang landfill memiliki potensi 138% sebagai bahan bakar industry. Potensi penggunaan produk biodrying 100% tercapai pada tahun 2030 bulan ke-6 sebesar 638.367 ton.ABSTRACTMunicipal solid waste (MSW) generated as a result of industrialization, urbanization, and population growth has created problems of environmental damage and human health hazards, especially in developing countries. Combustible MSW contains proximate which can be utilized as alternative energy through energy recovery by bio-drying method. This study aims to process MSW using biodrying and calculate the potential of MSW as an alternative fuel. MSW from TPA Jatibarang is processed in a bio-drying reactor with an aeration flowrate of 6 L/m for 21 days. The results showed that the peak temperature reached 58⁰C on the first day. The water content decreased to 44.65% on the 21st day. The calorific value increased by 28% with the highest value of 6,049 cal/gr. Biodrying products from MSW Jatibarang landfill have 138% potential as industrial fuel. The potential use of 100% biodrying products is achieved in 2030 in the 6th month of 638,367 tons.
Modeling on 137Cs Radioactive Dispersion in Gosong Coast as The Candidate Location for Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Prasetyo Akhmad Tri , Muslim Muslim , Suseno Heny 
Published: December 2021

The study of radioactive dispersion in the ocean should be conducted to prepare the construction of nuclear power plant (NPP) in Gosong Coast, West Kalimantan. This study estimated the distribution of 137Cs radioactive from various scenarios of radioactive waste dumping if nuclear emergency is occurred during NPP’s operation. These scenarios were distinguished based on their volume discharges of radioactive waste into the ocean, included 10 m3 (Scenario I), 50 m3 (Scenario II), and 100 m3 (Scenario III). Model dispersions were constructed for 15 days by Delft3D-Flow module. The simulation showed that ocean current directions were not significantly different among spring and neap tide, instead the ocean current during the spring period dominantly increased rather than neap period. Ocean currents at Gosong Coast flowed parallel to the shoreline towards Singkawang Coastal Area during ebb tide. Meanwhile, during flood tide, ocean currents at Gosong Coast flowed offshore through Burung Archipelagic. The dispersed model showed the distribution of 137Cs radioactive for 15 days reaching to coastal areas of Burung Archipelagic, Singkawang, and Southern Sambas Coast. Each scenario of the disposal system did not influence the marine pollution of the West Kalimantan Sea.
A randomized controlled study of biochemical tests in primary care: interventions can reduce the number of tests but usage does not become more appropriate
Authors: Lillo Serena , Larsen Trine Rennebod , Pennerup Leif , Kyvik Kirsten Ohm , Søndergaard Jens , Antonsen Steen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The use of laboratory tests increases worldwide, and to some extent their use is likely to be inappropriate. Although primary care is responsible for a substantial proportion of requests, this sector is less extensively investigated than hospitals.

Methods
We tested the effect of six combinations of four interventions applied to 313 primary care clinics, using vitamin D as model test (253,762 vitamin D results). We evaluated the changes in test numbers in the six intervention groups compared to the control group, and whether interventions resulted in more homogenous test use within groups or affected the distribution of test results. All interventions included information on vitamin D testing guidelines. Four groups were exposed to a non-interruptive alert in the ordering IT-system and in two groups this was supplemented by an interruptive alert. Half of the groups received monthly feedback reports.

Results
Application of alerts, irrespective of the combination with feedback reports, resulted in significantly reduced test numbers (maximum −46%). Guidelines either alone or combined with feedback reports did not cause significant difference from the control group. The within-group requesting pattern changed significantly for only two of the groups. The distribution of low and normal vitamin D results within groups showed no signs of more appropriate use of the test in any of the groups.

Conclusions
Some of the interventions reduced the number of tests, but there were no indications of improved adherence to the guidelines. The interventions may have led to under-utilization of the test and thus should be used with care.
A case of successful pembrolizumab monotherapy in a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: Use of multiple biomarkers in combination for clinical practice
Authors: Guo Hanfei , Qian Lei , Chen Xiao , Zhao Yuguang , Song Wei , Guan Yanjie , Cui Jiuwei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Clinical treatment is challenging for elderly patients with lung cancer who cannot tolerate chemotherapy, do not have cancer driver genes, and have low expression of PD-L1. Since these patients are usually excluded from clinical studies, evidence-based medicine supporting the use of immunotherapy is lacking. Considering the potentially limited clinical benefits and high associated risk of hyperprogressive disease, determining an appropriate treatment is an urgent clinical challenge. We report a 71 year-old male patient diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma lacking key driving genes (EGFR, ALK, and ROS-1), and low expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells (10–15%). The tumor tissue showed a low level of microsatellite instability, low tumor mutational burden, and no DNA mismatch repair deficiency on whole-exome sequencing (WES). However, a high blood tumor mutational burden was detected. After considering the biomarkers of therapeutic effect and ruling out the risk of hyperprogressive disease, pembrolizumab 200 mg was administered every 3 weeks for a year (17 cycles). The disease remained stable for >39 months, and adverse effects were mild and well-tolerated. Therefore, a comprehensive biomarker evaluation, especially in elderly patients lacking driving genes, is essential. Liquid biopsy technology and WES may be useful for overcoming the limitations of tissue biopsy.
Phytoremediation as an effective tool to handle emerging contaminants
Authors: Bhatt Prasanth , Ganesan Swamynathan , Santhose Infant , Durairaj Thirumurugan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Phytoremediation is a process which effectively uses plants as a tool to remove, detoxify or immobilize contaminants. It has been an eco-friendly and cost-effective technique to clean contaminated environments. The contaminants from various sources have caused an irreversible damage to all the biotic factors in the biosphere. Bioremediation has become an indispensable strategy in reclaiming or rehabilitating the environment that was damaged by the contaminants. The process of bioremediation has been extensively used for the past few decades to neutralize toxic contaminants, but the results have not been satisfactory due to the lack of cost-effectiveness, production of byproducts that are toxic and requirement of large landscape. Phytoremediation helps in treating chemical pollutants on two broad categories namely, emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) and emerging inorganic pollutants (EIOPs) under in situ conditions. The EOPs are produced from pharmaceutical, chemical and synthetic polymer industries, which have potential to pollute water and soil environments. Similarly, EIOPs are generated during mining operations, transportations and industries involved in urban development. Among the EIOPs, it has been noticed that there is pollution due to heavy metals, radioactive waste production and electronic waste in urban centers. Moreover, in recent times phytoremediation has been recognized as a feasible method to treat biological contaminants. Since remediation of soil and water is very important to preserve natural habitats and ecosystems, it is necessary to devise new strategies in using plants as a tool for remediation. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in phytoremediation strategies that could be utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of emerging contaminants without affecting the environment.
An Early Collection of Acts from the Council of Ephesus (431) in Antioch
Authors: Graumann Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The keeping, storage and circulation of documents and acts created by the eastern (anti-Cyrillian) bishops at the council of Ephesus (431) is obscure. A letter by Theodoret written on the eve of the Second Council of Ephesus provides an exceptional window into a set of documents relating to the occasion and stored at Antioch at the time. The description reveals the overall scope and character of this set of documents, including some aspect of their probable materiality, and the tendencies and purposes guiding their compilation. It further allows to tentatively identify several of the documents mentioned with those surviving in later collections.
Lateral Entorhinal Cortex Suppresses Drift in Cortical Memory Representations
Authors: Pilkiw Maryna , Jarovi Justin , Takehara-Nishiuchi Kaori 
Published: December 2021

Memory retrieval is thought to depend on the reinstatement of cortical memory representations guided by pattern completion processes in the hippocampus. The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) is one of the intermediary regions supporting hippocampal–cortical interactions and houses neurons that prospectively signal past events in a familiar environment. To investigate the functional relevance of the activity of the LEC for cortical reinstatement, we pharmacologically inhibited the LEC and examined its impact on the stability of ensemble firing patterns in one of the efferent targets of the LEC, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). When male rats underwent multiple epochs of identical stimulus sequences in the same environment, the mPFC maintained a stable ensemble firing pattern across repetitions, particularly when the sequence included pairings of neutral and aversive stimuli. With LEC inhibition, the mPFC still formed an ensemble pattern that accurately captured stimuli and their associations within each epoch. However, LEC inhibition markedly disrupted its consistency across the epochs by decreasing the proportion of mPFC neurons that stably maintained firing selectivity for stimulus associations. Thus, the LEC stabilizes cortical representations of learned stimulus associations, thereby facilitating the recovery of the original memory trace without generating a new, redundant trace for familiar experiences. Failure of this process might underlie retrieval deficits in conditions associated with degeneration of the LEC, such as normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo recall past events, the brain needs to reactivate the activity patterns that occurred during those events. However, such reinstatement of memory traces is not trivial because it goes against the natural tendency of the brain to restructure the activity patterns continuously. We found that dysfunction of a brain region called the LEC worsened the drift of the brain activity when rats repeatedly underwent the same events in the same room and made them behave as if they had never experienced these events before. Thus, the LEC stabilizes the brain activity to facilitate the recovery of the original memory trace. Failure of this process might underlie memory problems in elderly and Alzheimer's disease patients with the degenerated LEC.
PERMASALAHAN BANGSA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ADAB SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS
Authors: Saleh Akhmad Hasan 
Published: December 2021

Loss of Adab! Kata ini menjadi sangat familiar didengar ditelinga para akademisi yang gemar dengan dunia pemikiran dan pendidikan beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Menurut Prof. Syed Naquib Al-Attas (SMN Al-Attas) bahwa loss of adab adalah akar masalah bangsa saat ini. Prof. Syed Muhamad Naquib Al-Attas-lah yang telah mengungkapkan kata ini sebagai inti masalah manusia saat ini. Beliau mengungkap tiga hal yg menjadi akar masalah umat: Pertama adalah Ilmu yg rusak. Kedua, loss of adab (hilangnya adab). Ketiga, kemunculan pemimpin palsu. Hilangnya adab menyebabkan perilaku manusia yang menyimpang dan keluar dari fitrah kemanusiaannya. Hal ini yang menyebabkan munculnya berbagai masalah seperti kemiskinan, pengangguran, kejahatan, kriminalitas, korupsi, bencana alam, dll. Hilangnya adap pada TuhanNya, hilangnya adab pada sesame manusia, hilangnya adab pada orang tua, adab pada alam semestas, adab dalam berbsnis, adab dalam bekerja, dan lain sebagainya.Prof. Syed M.Naquib al-Attas menyetakan bahwa ini menyebabnya adalah cara pandang yang salah terhadap realitas. Realitas hanya dibatasi pada realitas empiris saja. Ini yang menyebab manusia tidak merasa “diawasi” oleh TuhanNya, tidak merasa bahwa Tuhan itu ada. Realitas yang non-empiris tidak dianggap. Inilah cara pandang realitas yang salah, dan inilah yang menyebabkan loss of adab ini terjadi.Solusinya adalah ada pada cara pandang (wordview). Al Attas menyatakan bahwa cara pandang, sikap dan etika seorang Muslim dikendalikan oleh pemikirannya dalam memahami realitas di alam ini, baik realitas fisik maupun metafisik. Seorang Muslim yang memiliki visi keakhiratan memiliki perspektif berbeda dengan orang yang bervisi keduniawian semata dalam melihat setiap realitas dalam kehidupan. Dengan cara pandang yang mengedepankan keakhiratan menjadikan manusia lebih beradab. Dan adab didapatkan melalui pendidikan yang benar dan berkurikulum akhirat bukan hanya dunia. Kata Kunci: Loss of adab, Wordview, Permasalahan Bangsa, dan Realitas.