bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Critical Dark Matter Halo Mass for Population III Star Formation: Dependence on Lyman–Werner Radiation, Baryon-dark Matter Streaming Velocity, and Redshift
Authors: Kulkarni Mihir , Visbal Eli , Bryan Greg L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A critical dark matter halo mass (M
crit) for Population III stars can be defined as the typical minimum halo mass that hosts sufficient cold-dense gas required for the formation of the first stars. The presence of Lyman–Werner (UV) radiation, which can dissociate molecular hydrogen, and the baryon-dark matter streaming velocity both delay the formation of Population III stars by increasing M
crit. In this work, we constrain M
crit as a function of Lyman–Werner flux (including self-shielding), baryon-dark matter streaming, and redshift using cosmological simulations with a large sample of halos utilizing the adaptive mesh refinement code enzo. We provide a fit for M
crit as a function of these quantities, which we expect to be particularly useful for semi-analytical models of early galaxy formation. In addition, we find (i) the measured redshift dependence of M
crit in the absence of radiation or streaming is (1 + z)−1.58, consistent with a constant virial temperature; (ii) increasing the UV background increases M
crit while steepening the redshift dependence, up to (1 + z)−5.7; (iii) baryon-dark matter streaming boosts M
crit but flattens the dependence on redshift; (iv) the combination of the two effects is not simply multiplicative.
La phrase écrite en formation initiale des enseignants de français-lettres du secondaire
Authors: Gerlaud Béatrice 
Published: August 2021

La phrase traverse les siècles et berce l’apprentissage de la langue : du primaire au supérieur elle ne cesse d’être objet de commentaires critiques. Pourtant, entre la « belle » phrase lue voire modélisée des auteurs et les réalisations langagières des élèves, la discordance est fréquente. Et l’étude de la phrase canonique des grammairiens construite autour d’un élément recteur n’y change rien. Comment ce savoir savant est-il mobilisé chez les enseignants stagiaires encore tout « imprégnés » des grammaires de référence pour passer les concours d’entrée dans l’enseignement ? Leur confrontation à des « phrases » d’élèves, change-t-elle leurs conceptions et représentations ? L’étude analyse quarante-huit définitions données par des enseignants débutants. Si ces définitions mettent en avant la prégnance de l’héritage grammatical scolaire, celui-ci est peu entamé par la formation universitaire plus récente ; elles suggèrent cependant des niveaux d’intervention en formation initiale et au-delà dans l’exercice du métier.
Pour une dynamique de l’enseignement grammatical
Authors: Taous Tatiana 
Published: August 2021

Pour tenter de lutter contre un enseignement figé de la grammaire, la présente étude se propose d’opposer aux leçons et synthèses traditionnelles des supports qui se veulent dynamiques dans leur conception de la notion grammaticale traitée. À partir de supports existants (disponibles sur le marché ou sur la toile), l’analyse révèle le caractère limitatif et, de fait, non fonctionnel de ces derniers. L’alternative proposée se présente comme une analyse préliminaire à destination des professionnels (enseignants ou formateurs) et s’inscrit dans une tradition linguistique bien avérée, qui aspire à décrire les faits de langue selon les différents domaines linguistiques. Les notions grammaticales abordées se veulent progressives : elles partent des classes grammaticales, avant de se fixer plus précisément sur la préposition et le verbe.
La terminologie grammaticale de 2020 : quelles notions lexicales pour quelle mise en œuvre ?
Authors: Dupuy Catherine , Genre Stéphanie 
Published: August 2021

La récente Terminologie grammaticale publiée en juillet 2020 se donne pour objectif de fournir aux enseignants des premier et second degrés un socle théorique commun, tout en se présentant comme un guide pour l’enseignement. L’étude interroge les choix opérés par ses concepteurs, tant du point de vue de la distribution des notions sélectionnées que de certaines définitions données (lexique, vocabulaire, collocations, etc.). La lecture critique de cette terminologie prend appui sur les enjeux théoriques et méthodologiques énoncés par la didactique du lexique. L’analyse propose ensuite une redistribution par couplage de certains termes (lexique vs vocabulaire ; champ sémantique et polysémie ; champ lexical vs champ sémantique ; champ lexical vs champ thématique), afin d’en montrer l’intérêt pour l’étude du lexique, l’apprentissage du vocabulaire et plus largement l’enseignement du français.
Des personnes réelles dans l’autofiction
Authors: Baudelle Yves 
Published: August 2021

Dans l’autofiction stricto sensu – roman où A = N = P –, la question des personnes réelles est inséparable de l’onomastique, ce qui conduit à distinguer deux groupes obéissant à deux régimes de textualité : les proches de l’auteur – inconnus – et les célébrités. Globalement soustraite aux procédures de vérification et même privée de certification onomastique, l’identification des premiers reste conjecturale. Dans le cas des célébrités, au contraire, les noms valident la référence, qui n’est pas subordonnée à leur degré de fictionnalisation. Constatant que la notoriété des personnages procède désormais de la sphère médiatique, l’étude se demande, pour finir, si le roman people n’est pas la forme spécifique de l’autofiction contemporaine.
Comment lire les fictions racontant la vie de personnes réelles ? Lecture située et « vérité littéraire »
Authors: Zenetti Marie-Jeanne 
Published: August 2021

À partir des polémiques suscitées par la diffusion de la quatrième saison de la série The Crown , cet article propose d’interroger les fictions de la personne réelle sous l’angle de leur réception, dans une perspective à la fois pragmatique et épistémique : que fait-on de la question de la vérité quand on lit ou qu’on regarde de telles fictions, censées raconter la vie de personnes réelles ? Il développe l’idée qu’elles invitent à pratiquer une « lecture située », c’est-à-dire prenant en considération la manière dont les contextes de réception d’une œuvre, qu’il s’agisse ou non d’une fiction, transforment les usages et les interprétations qui en sont faits.
« Chromo-culture ». Les danses de la nature de Loïe Fuller et la force énergétique de la lumière
Authors: Ronetti Alessandra 
Published: August 2021

Les danses chromo-lumineuses, inventées en 1891 par l’Américaine Loïe Fuller, sont mises en relation dans cet article avec l’essor des théories psychologiques dix-neuvièmistes sur la force énergétique de la lumière colorée, dont l’ouvrage L’Esthétique de la lumière de Paul Souriau représente le point culminant. Alors que l’interprétation de la fonction biologique de la lumière sur les organismes vivants est développée à partir des études sur la chromothérapie de savants français et américains (à l’instar de la « chromo-culture » de Camille Flammarion), les féeries électriques de Loïe Fuller – qui projettent des lumières colorées en mouvement sur le corps de la danseuse mimant des formes végétales et animales – misent sur le même processus d’éclairage propre à la chromothérapie, afin d’affecter directement le spectateur.
Une forme de biographie chorégraphiée par le fragment. Autour de Degas Danse Dessin de Paul Valéry
Authors: Kisiel Marine 
Published: August 2021

Lorsqu’il publie Degas Danse Dessin en 1936, Paul Valéry revient sur l’amitié qui l’a lié à Edgar Degas. Son texte, placé sous le signe de la discontinuité et de l’agrégation, est tout d’abord publié en feuilles, et s’annonce aussitôt comme « une manière de monologue » où Valéry promet d’égrener souvenirs et réflexions. De fait, l’ouvrage dessine un véritable pas de deux entre Valéry et Degas, le texte et l’image, le dessin et la danse, où l’art du peintre et les mécanismes de la création sont associés par l’auteur à une « danse sacrée », et le dessin, compris comme une suite de signes, à une écriture et à un langage que Valéry s’emploie à décrypter. Cet essai s’attache à analyser comment le DDD , sorte de biographie chorégraphiée par le fragment, noue entre elles deux formes de création – celle de Degas, celle de Valéry – et analyse, à travers la « danse du peintre », celle de l’esprit que Valéry place au cœur de tout.
Idiopathic Urethritis in Childhood
Authors: Koutsaftiki Chrysie , Papatheodoropoulou Alexia , Kozyrakis Diomidis 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Idiopathic urethritis (IU) in childhood is a rare disease with very few cases reported so far.

Methods:
During the past 3 years, the medical records of young boys diagnosed with and treated for IU in our department were retrieved and analyzed. Herein, their clinical course is presented, and a brief review of the literature is performed.

Results:
Five young male patients (mean age: 8.2 years) presented to the pediatric office with blood spotting of the underwear or urethral discharge, with or without dysuria. All the patients were treated in an outpatient basis and the corresponding clinical courses after a mean follow-up was 15.8 months were favorable.

Conclusions:
IU is a rare disease with a generally benign clinical course. Treatment must be tailored to symptomatic relief with avoidance of antibiotics. An aggressive diagnostic workup should be reserved to those with persistent symptoms or frequent recurrences.
Improvement of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Overactive Bladder Syndrome
Authors: Apostolidis Apostolos , Petoumenou Garyfalia , Tzanetakou Manto 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The BELIEVE study is a prospective, noninterventional study which was conducted in a real-world setting in Europe and assessed quality of life, treatment satisfaction, healthcare resource utilization, and persistence with treatment in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome prescribed mirabegron as part of routine clinical practice. We present the results of a subanalysis of the BELIEVE study in the Greek population.

Materials and Methods:
The primary endpoint was change from baseline in quality of life (QoL) based on the OAB-questionnaire (OAB-q), consisting of the Symptom Bother Scale and health-related QoL (HRQoL). Change from baseline in QoL based on the EQ-5D-5 L health survey, treatment patterns and persistence with treatment, as well as adverse events during the study were also assessed. The duration of the observation period was 12 months.

Results:
A total of 97 OAB patients from 10 sites in Greece participated in the substudy; 89 completed the OAB-q at baseline and at least at one follow-up visit (Full Analysis Set, mean age 62.7 ± 10.9 years, 86.5% female). At baseline, 73% of patients were “new,” 14.6% were “lapsed,” 9% switched treatment, and 3.4% were on combination treatment. The scores in the Symptom Bother Scale and HRQoL Scale improved significantly from baseline at 10–12 months (−32.4 ± 2.54 and 30.2 ± 2.49, respectively). The EQ-5D subscales confirmed that mirabegron led to an improvement in the HRQoL of patients. At 10–12 months, 72% of patients were continuing on mirabegron treatment for OAB, either as single treatment (60%) or as combination treatment (12%). Mirabegron was well-tolerated, as no serious drug-related adverse events (AEs) were observed, whereas only a small percentage (6.2%) of drug-related AEs resulted in treatment discontinuation.

Conclusions:
The Greek population subanalysis confirmed the European results of the BELIEVE study. Patients who received mirabegron in a real-world setting showed clinically meaningful improvements in HRQoL. Mirabegron demonstrated a high persistence rate (72% at 12 months), and good tolerability. The overall improvement in HRQoL, particularly in the population continuing to receive mirabegron at 10–12 months, and the low incidence of AEs may have contributed to the high persistence rate.
Knowledge and adherence to coronavirus disease 2019 preventive measures
Authors: Omotoso Olabode E. , Awoyemi Precious-Paul , Wahab Victor James , Ragab Mahmoud , Teibo John Oluwafemi , Akinfe Opeyemi , Matareek Amira 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Within few months of its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has ravaged over 200 countries, resulting in over a million deaths. As the disease curve flattens in most countries, the instituted guidelines were receded to mitigate the effect on citizens and the national economy.

Aims:
To assess the knowledge and level of adherence of Nigerians and Egyptians to the COVID-19 preventive measures.

Settings and Design:
A validated web-based cross-sectional questionnaire was utilized to obtain 915 respondents via a convenient sampling technique.

Materials and Methods:
Data were obtained from Egyptians and Nigerians who gave consent for participation and are above 18 years of age.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, v. 20. Chi-square test, correlation and one-way analysis of variance were performed to test for relationships between variables. Statistically significant results (P < 0.05) were subjected to further test.

Results:
Most Egyptians (87%) had satisfactory COVID-19 knowledge compared to Nigerians (40%). Age (18–30 years), tertiary education and educational background were factors that influenced respondents' knowledge. Although majority (73%) believe that the prevention measures are required to curtail the menace of COVID-19, the adherence of most respondents (59.1%) to the measures was unsatisfactory. The pandemic and the regulatory policies negatively affected respondents' education, school or job (90.3%), finance (87.9%) and social interaction (87.5%).

Conclusion:
Both countries showed a good knowledge of the disease but poor adherence to the preventive measures. The pandemic negatively affected people's finance, education, job, and social interaction.
Assessment of the knowledge and practices of holy mosque visitors toward coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Assaggaf Hamza , Alsafi Radi , Alsorrori Dina , Almuntashri Asma , Alzahrani Sara , Aladeeqi Shahad , Ahmed Omar B. , Attala Osama A. , Bamaga Majid A. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Since millions of Muslims visit the Holy Mosque in Makkah, it is essential to highlight that such mass gatherings carry a risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. In this study, we assessed the level of knowledge and practices among visitors to the Holy Mosque related to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of Holy Mosque visitors was conducted in Makkah from January 19, to February 9, 2020, using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Knowledge and practices scores were compared and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between variables.

Results:
A total of 451 participants were interviewed, while 413 completed the questionnaire and were eligible for inclusion. The range of correct answer rate was 13.1%–93.5%. The mean knowledge score was 11.3 with a 64.9% correct response rate, while the mean practices score was 2.92 with a 73.2% correct response rate. The knowledge score was significantly different among nationalities and education levels (P < 0.05). A higher level of education was associated with better knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 (odds ratio 1.18, P = 0.028).

Conclusions:
Most of the visitors to the Holy Mosque had an appropriate level of knowledge and practices related to SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, there is room for improvement in some areas.
Protective effect of garlic juice on renal function and lipid profile in rats fed with high-fat diet
Authors: Alsufyani Hadeel A. , Zawawi Basma M. H. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Hyperlipidemia is one of the most challenging clinical disorders and is known to be a causative factor in a number of related conditions. Garlic has traditionally been used to lower serum lipids in hyperlipidemia patients. The present study evaluates the renoprotective role of garlic against induced changes in rat kidneys as a result of a high-fat diet (HFD).

Materials and Methods:
Twenty adult male Wistar rats were arranged into 4 groups: Group 1 (control) were fed a normal rat diet; Group 2 were fed an HFD (butter in a dose of 20g/100g food); Group 3 were fed fresh garlic juice (GJ) in their diet (6g/100g food); and Group 4 were fed with butter and GJ in their diet (HFD + GJ). The experimental period was 8 weeks. Serum lipid profiles and renal function tests were carried out and evaluated.

Results:
The HFD significantly increased body weight, total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and decreased total protein and albumin, as compared to the control. In the HFD + GJ group, normal body weight was restored; serum levels of total cholesterol, creatinine, BUN, and albumin were similar to the control, and serum levels of triglyceride, LDL-C, uric acid, and total protein were partially restored to the levels of the control.

Conclusions:
The incorporation of GJ into an HFD resulted in improved lipid profile and kidney function. Hence, the consumption of GJ may be a useful supplement for renal protection in hyperlipidemic patients.
Impact of social media on patient's decision-making toward orthodontic treatment
Authors: Al-Gunaid Talat Hasan , Ibrahim Ahmed Mohammed , Alhazmi Khaled Mohammed , Aljohani Afnan Abdrabuh , Eshky Rawah Talal , Althagafi Nebras 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the usage and social media habits of orthodontic patients.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed to carry out this study. The questionnaire that was used contained the following sections: Demographic data, questions relating to social media behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics, and questions relating to orthodontists' utilization of social media. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were examined. The final Arabic version was adopted and the Google Drive template was used. The link was sent to the orthodontic patients via different social media platforms and applications.

Results:
A total of 139 orthodontic patients agreed to take part in this study, of which 78 were females and 61 were males. The most popular applications for obtaining orthodontic-related information were Snapchat (28.7%) followed by Instagram (23.7%), and WhatsApp (22.3%). Approximately 58.9% of the patients reported that social media has no direct impact on their decision-making involving orthodontic treatment. Treatment modalities were found to be the most searched topic by the orthodontic patients (44.6%) followed by treatment costs (30.2%).

Conclusion:
Our study revealed that women not only use social media to check their treatment progress more than men, they are also more curious to compare their progress with other people than their male counterparts. In addition, the findings showed that social media has a greater impact on female patients when it comes to making a decision about orthodontic treatment. Treatment modalities and treatment costs are the topics most searched for by orthodontic patients.
Severe COVID-19 in Uganda across Two Epidemic Phases: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bakamutumaho Barnabas , Cummings Matthew J. , Owor Nicholas , Kayiwa John , Namulondo Joyce , Byaruhanga Timothy , Muwanga Moses , Nsereko Christopher , Rwamutwe Emmanuel , Mutonyi Roselyn , Achan Josephine , Wanyenze Lucy , Ndazarwe Alice , Nakanjako Ruth , Natuhwera Richard , Nsangi Annet , Bosa Henry Kyobe , Ocom Felix , O’Donnell Max R. , Kikaire Bernard , Lutwama Julius J. , _ _ 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
Among a prospective cohort of children and adults admitted to a national COVID-19 treatment unit in Uganda from March to December 2020, we characterized the epidemiology of and risk factors for severe illness. Across two epidemic phases differentiated by varying levels of community transmission, the proportion of patients admitted with WHO-defined severe COVID-19 ranged from 5% (7/146; 95% CI: 2–10) to 33% (41/124; 95% CI: 25–42); 21% (26/124; 95% CI: 14–29%) of patients admitted during the peak phase received oxygen therapy. Severe COVID-19 was associated with older age, male sex, and longer duration of illness before admission. Coinfection with HIV was not associated with illness severity; malaria or tuberculosis coinfection was rare. No patients died during admission. Despite low mortality, hospital incidence of severe COVID-19 during the first epidemic peak in Uganda was substantial. Improvements in vaccine deployment and acute care capacity, including oxygen delivery, are urgently needed to prevent and manage severe COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa.
International Residency Program Directors on Implementing Educational Transformation: A Qualitative Study of Their Experiences and Strategies for Overcoming Challenges
Authors: Dutta Debalina , Ibrahim Halah , Stadler Dora J. , Cofrancesco Joseph , Nair Satish Chandrasekhar , Archuleta Sophia 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Residency program directors (PDs) need to navigate diverse roles and responsibilities as clinical teachers, administrators, and drivers of educational improvement. Little is known about the experience of PDs leading transformation of international residency programs.

Objective
We explored the lived experiences of international residency PDs and developed an understanding of how PDs manage educational program transformation.

Methods
Using a phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with current and former PDs involved in the transformation to competency-based medical education in the first international settings to be accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-International (ACGME-I). Thirty-three interviews with PDs from Qatar, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates were conducted from September 2018 to July 2019, audio-recorded, and transcribed. Data were independently coded by 2 researchers. A thematic analysis was conducted and patterns that reflected coping and managing educational reform were identified.

Results
PDs described distinctive patterns of navigating the educational transformation. Five themes emerged: PDs (1) embraced continuous learning and self-development; (2) managed change in the context of their local settings; (3) anticipated problems and built support networks to effectively problem-solve; (4) maintained relationships with stakeholders for meaningful and constructive interactions; and (5) focused on intrinsic qualities that helped them navigate challenges.

Conclusions
International PDs were presented with significant challenges in implementing educational transformation but coped successfully through distinctive patterns and methods.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Local Fiscal Success – The Case of Montenegrin Municipalities
Authors: Šehović Damir , Konatar Milena , Cerović Smolović Julija , Đurašković Jovan 
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to determine the direction and scope of the impact of socio-economic determinants on the fiscal success of Montenegrin municipalities. The research model is conducted in a panel data framework, using traditional methods. The study covers the period 2009-2018. The model considers the correlation of fiscal success in 23 Montenegrin municipalities (from the Northern, Central and Southern regions) with social (number of citizens or population, number of pensioners) and economic (unemployment, taxes, grants, level of public debt) determinants. According to the results of the analysis, almost all determinants have a significant impact on fiscal success. Tax revenues, as a measure of fiscal decentralization, have a statistically significant positive impact on fiscal success, while the unemployment rate, the number of citizens and the number of retired persons have demonstrated a negative impact.