bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portable Power in the Backcountry: Design and Development of a Modular Water Heater
Authors: Beckius Robert C. , Powell Michael R. , Hong Seung-Ho 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With a growing number of outdoor enthusiasts becoming increasingly dependent on electronic devices such as GPS units, cellular telephones, and palm-sized computers, the need exists for a lightweight, field-maintainable electronic power source. Since batteries are neither lightweight nor environmentally friendly, the outdoor enthusiast’s proclaimed advocacy of “environmental awareness” furthers this necessity. As a result, there is a strong desire on the part of the outdoor community to have alternative methods for generating portable power. This paper describes the development of a device capable of producing up to 10 watts of electric power by converting thermal energy into electric energy. This is achieved by placing a bismuth-telluride thermoelectric module between a highly efficient heat exchanger and an integrated cold-water reservoir. In addition to thermal efficiency and eliminating the user’s dependency on batteries: size, weight, and system volume were also critical design specifications. Design efforts have resulted in a pocket-sized, multi-use device, which can be used as a power generator, water heater, or distillation unit. The unit has also been designed to work with equipment already possessed by most outdoor enthusiasts. This paper discusses the design challenges and novel solutions encountered during the successful development of the unit.
Battery Dynamic Modeling and Real-Time State-of-Charge Estimation in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Paganelli Gino , Guezennec Yann G. , Kim Hansung , Brahma Avra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
On-line Sate-of-Charge (SOC) estimation in pure electric or hybrid-electric (HEV) vehicles is a challenging problem, due to the very dynamic nature of the current/voltage history under actual driving conditions. However, on-line, reliable SOC estimation is critical in these applications, particularly in charge-sustaining HEV, where the battery capacity is relatively small and where the energy management strategy needs an accurate SOC estimation in order to optimize the power split between the ICE and EM. The research described in this paper focuses on two aspects of the same problem. The first aspect is the development, calibration and validation of a dynamic battery model which represents the essential dynamic behavior of the battery pack HEV application. The second part of this paper is the development, implementation and validation of an appropriate in-vehicle SOC estimator for use with our supervisory HEV controller. While the implementation approaches for theses two facets of the same problem are significantly different due to the real-time computational requirements, they represent the same battery dynamics. This algorithm has been applied to a real charge-sustaining HEV vehicle and the experimental results are presented.
Perturbations in Networked Control Systems
Authors: Beldiman Octavian , Bushnell Linda G. , Walsh Gregory C. , Wang Hua O. , Hong Yiguang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we study the effect of external perturbations on a networked control system. We start by assuming that the non-networked system without perturbation is exponentially stable. Then, for fast enough networks we show that if the perturbation is bounded the networked system is ultimately bounded and if the perturbation is vanishing then the networked system is asymptotically stable. We conclude the paper with simulations verifying the results.
Canonical Interdomain Coupling in Distributed Parameter Systems: An Extension of the Symplectic Gyrator
Authors: Maschke B. M. J. , van der Schaft A. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we propose a bond graph formulation of interdomain coupling extending the symplectic gyrator proposed in the so-called generalized or thermodynamic bond graph formalism. Therefore we use as power and energy variables exterior differentiable k-forms on the Euclidean space. The bonds and power variables are of two types: the first type represents the energy flows inside a domain Ω of the Euclidean space and the second type represent the energy flows through the boundary ∂Ω of the domain. It will be shown that the interdomain coupling may be represented as a 3-port power continuous element, called Stokes-Dirac Junction Structure, whose constitutive relation is defined using solely the exterior derivative of k-forms. This general result is applied to the examples of a transmission line, the electro-magnetic field and the vibrating string.
Methodology for Continuous Infeed Cylindrical Plunge Grinding
Authors: Xu Heng , Danai Kourosh , Malkin Stephen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A method for optimal control of cylindrical plunge grinding cycles is introduced. Unlike conventional cycles which have a few pre-determined sequential steps with discrete infeed rates, the new method will continually vary the infeed velocity. The proposed method utilizes the Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach whereby the control action at each sampling instant is selected in accordance with its effect on the future values of process variables and part quality attributes. This paper describes the problem and presents some preliminary results. It also discusses the difficulties that will need to be overcome before the controller can be implemented on-line.
MLD Systems: Modeling and Control — Experience With a Pilot Process
Authors: Colmenares W. , Cristea S. , de Prada C. , Perez O. , Alonso A. , Villegas T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this report, we present results of the modeling and control of a hydraulic pilot process, currently under construction at the Laboratory of Automatic of the ISA department of Universidad de Valladolid. The system is described by linear inequalities involving both, real and integer variables and the dynamical and logical decisions are heavily inter dependent. Hence the characterization as a Mixed Logical Dynamical system. Two MLD models are featured and both are suited to apply a Model Based Predictive Control strategy to command the system. Results of a simulation of the closed loop system are feature.
Design of a Decentralized Detection Filter for a Class of Interconnected Systems
Authors: Shankar Shamanth , Swaroop Darbha , Datta Aniruddha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the problem of designing a decentralized detection filter for a class of homogeneous interconnected systems; in this class of systems, all subsystems have identical structure. A fault in a subsystem propagates via interactions with other subsystems in the collection.
The decentralized detection filter is composed of interacting detection filters, one for each subsystem. We assume communication of state estimates amongst subsystems to be feasible. A concern, dealt with here, is that of propagation of state estimation errors. It is treated as a Ĥ∞ filtering problem with full state information, by requiring the transfer function from the propagated input of the ith subsystem to that of the (i + 1)st subsystem to have a magnitude less than unity at all frequencies.
Proper Filter Design Procedure for Vibration Suppression Using Delay-Error-Order Curves
Authors: Economou D. , Mavroidis C. , Antoniadis I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Vibration suppression can be performed by digital filtering the input to the flexible system. Traditional digital filters have been proved to be efficient for vibration suppression, when they are properly designed. In order to ensure the proper filter design, the Delay-Error-Order (DEO) curves are introduced, to be used as a filter design tool. Based on the DEO curves, the vibration suppression properties and capabilities of the filter can be related with the design parameters involved in the traditional filter design methods. Using the DEO curves, the filters designed by means of conventional design methods posses excellent vibration suppression capabilities. This design procedure is presented in detail in this paper and an example of the application of the method is included.
An Experimental Hand/Arm Model for Human Interaction With a Telemanipulation System
Authors: Speich John E. , Shao Liang , Goldfarb Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the development of a linear single degree-of-freedom lumped-parameter hand/arm model for the operator of a telemanipulaton system. The model form and parameters were determined from experimental data taken from a single degree-of-freedom telemanipulation system. Typically, the human is modeled as a second order mass-spring-damper system [1, 2]. The model developed in this paper, however, includes an additional spring and damper to better approximate the dynamics of the human while interacting with the manipulator. This model can be used in the design and simulation of control architectures for telemanipulation systems and haptic interfaces.
Time-Dependent Simulations of Shear-Thinning Elastic Flows Through Contractions
Authors: Oliveira Paulo J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Past numerical work with constant-viscosity viscoelastic fluids through planar contractions has enabled steady-state solutions to be obtained at relatively high Weissenberg numbers (We up to 10). Those solutions for the upper-convected Maxwell and Oldroyd-B models showed steady flow patterns for increasing We with the appearance of lip-vortices, vortex growth, and comer-lip vortex merging, in agreement with recent simulations and some experimental work. When similar simulations were performed with two shear-thinning viscoelastic models, namely the Phan-Thien – Tanner and the Giesekus models, steady state solutions could not be obtained beyond a certain value of We, but the solution was seen to follow a periodic unsteady flow pattern. The present paper reports preliminary numerical results which highlight the formation of the lip vortices through a sequence of time dependent events.
Models Evaluations of Combustion Process in a Cylindrical Furnace
Authors: Nieckele Angela O. , Naccache Mônica F. , Gomes Marcos S. P. , Carneiro João E. , Serfaty Ricardo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work an evaluation of different combustion models for predicting oxygen enriched combustion processes was performed. Two types of models were selected. The first one was a generalized finite rate model, in which the conservation equation for the mass concentration was solved, for all species present in the process. In this modeling approach, three different reaction rate expressions were considered. The second case was based on the PDF formulation, which consisted in solving the conservation equations for the mass fraction and its variance. In this second approach the species distributions were determined by assuming two different shapes for the probability density functions. The mass, momentum, energy and species or mass fraction conservation equations were numerically solved by a finite volume formulation. The two-equation κ-ε turbulence model was selected for solving the turbulent problem. Radiation was taken into account by the discrete transfer radiation model. After solution, the temperature and species concentration fields were compared with available experimental data. Although the PDF formulation involved the solution of a smaller number of equations, therefore consuming less computer time, the performance of the generalized finite rate model was superior in the present test cases.
Steady-State Simulation of a Methane-Air Partially Premixed Turbulent Flame
Authors: Goldin Graham , Choudhury Dipankar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two steady-state simulations of a benchmark (Sandia Flame D) methane-air, turbulent, partially premixed flame are compared. The first uses an equilibrium mixture fraction model for the thermo-chemistry, while the second uses a steady, strained laminar-flamelet model. These non-premixed combustion models are coupled with a premixed reaction progress model to simulate a partially premixed jet flame. The laminar-flamelet approach predicts CO and H2 more accurately than the equilibrium model by accounting for the unbumt premixed stream within individual flamelets, and improved radical (such as OH) predictions by incorporating non-equilibrium chemistry effects due aerodynamic strain (fluid shear).
CFD Modeling and Comparison With Data From the NIST Reference Spray Combustor
Authors: Crocker D. Scott , Widmann John F. , Presser Cary 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions for spray combustion application has been a challenging task due to difficulties in both modeling and experimental measurements. However, validation is considered to be an essential exercise for the success of CFD tools in the development of future combustion systems. This paper describes a benchmark spray combustion database collected at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and validation of a commercial CFD code using these data. Swirl-stabilized combustion of methanol at lean operating conditions in the NIST reference spray combustor facility was selected to be the baseline case for which both measurements and predictions were made. A comparison is presented of CFD predictions with experimental data for droplet size and velocity, and spray volume flux. The agreement between the CFD calculations and the experimental data is generally good once certain adjustments were made to the measured data close to the injector tip. The adjustments were made based on extrapolation from more accurate downstream measurements. Specification of droplet initial conditions for computational modeling that accurately reflect the laboratory conditions remains a significant issue that needs further improvement.
Forest Fire Propagation in Inclined Terrains
Authors: Satoh K. , Yang K. T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Forest fires are of common occurrence all over the world, causing the loss of precious natural resources. The propagation of forest fires depends on many factors, notably local weather conditions. Additionally, the local terrain such as mountainous areas also plays an important role. For instance, forest fires may propagate from mountain ridges to ridges due to locally strong wind by means of firebrands and hot air flows. While much is known cm the methodologies on the forest fire control, they are largely empirical and may not be totally effective. Therefore, scientific studies based on fundamental physical understanding of the underlying phenomena are needed to provide definitive data on cause-effect relationships in various forest fire scenarios, so that the collective database can be used to suggest control strategies and preventive measures for forest fires. The present study is motivated by this approach, and specifically focuses on the phenomena of rapid forest-fire propagation from mountain slqpes to other similar mountain slopes in the direction of the wind. The study deals with both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations by the use of a CFD-based fire field model.
Experimental Validation of Non-Fourier Thermal Response in Porous Media
Authors: Nnanna A. G. Agwu , Harris K. T. , Haji-Sheikh A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An experimental validation of non-Fourier behavior in porous media due to short time thermal perturbation is presented. The governing energy equation is formulated based on the two-equation model and the non-Fourier model. This formulation leads to the emergence of four thermal parameters: lag-time in heat flux τq, lag-time τt in temperature due to interstitial heat transfer coefficient h, and lag-time in the transient response of the temperature gradient τx in the heat flux equation. These parameters account for the microstructural thermal interaction between the fluid and neighboring solid matrix as well as the delay time needed for both phases to approach thermal equilibrium. An experimental verification of the microscale model was performed under standard laboratory conditions. The values of the aforementioned thermal parameters were determined to compute the fluid and solid temperatures. Results predicted from three models (classical Fourier, non-Fourier, and experimental) were compared. It indicates an excellent agreement between the non-Fourier and the experimental model, and a significant deviation of Fourier prediction from the experimental results.
The P3 Micro Power Generation System
Authors: Richards C. , Bahr D. , Xu C.-G. , Richards R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Work toward the development of a new MEMS power generation system, the P3 micro heat engine, is presented. The P3 micro heat engine is an external combustion engine, in which thermal power is converted to mechanical power through the use of a novel thermodynamic cycle that approaches the ideal vapor Carnot cycle. Mechanical power is converted into electrical power through the use of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator. A numerical model of the engine, SIMP3, is introduced. The model is used, first to illustrate the micro heat engine’s operation, and then to explore the optimization of the engine. The major parameters controlling the performance of the P3 micro engine are discussed.
Simulation of a Range of Thermal Systems by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Ward J. , Wilcox S. J. , Tan O. H. , Tan C. K. , Payne R. J. , Garwood D. R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Research Unit at the University of Glamorgan has been involved for the last 5 years in the application of neural networks to simulate the behaviour of a range of high temperature systems. Consequently this paper presents results from a number of studies concerned with boilers, furnaces and heat treatment processes. The first of these studies involves the prediction of heat transfer rates from air-assisted atomised water sprays for cooling aerospace forgings from high temperatures using the nozzle air and water pressures as inputs to the network. The second case is concerned with prediction of pollutant emissions from a coal-fired boiler using previous measured emission concentrations and an indication of the current boiler load and combustion air flow rate. In both these cases experimental results were used to train the networks. The final example deals with the prediction of load temperatures in an intermittently operated, gas-fired, metal reheating furnace. In contrast, in this example, data generated from a previously validated mathematical model of the furnace were employed for training purposes. Artificial neural networks were found to provide adequate representation of all three systems.
Mechanically Aspirated Solar Radiation Shields: A CFD and Neural Network Design Analysis
Authors: Fichera B. M. , Mahajan R. L. , Horst T. W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Accurate air temperature measurements made by surface meteorological stations are demanded by climate research programs for various uses. Heating of the temperature sensor due to inadequate coupling with the environment can lead to significant errors. Therefore, accurate in-situ temperature measurements require shielding the sensor from exposure to direct and reflected solar radiation, while also allowing the sensor to be brought into contact with atmospheric air at the ambient temperature. The difficulty in designing a radiation shield for such a temperature sensor lies in satisfying these two conditions simultaneously. In this paper, we perform a computational fluid dynamics analysis of mechanically aspirated radiation shields (MARS) to study the effect of geometry, wind speed, and interplay of multiple heat transfer processes. Finally, an artificial neural network model is developed to learn the relationship between the temperature error and specified input variables. The model is then used to perform a sensitivity analysis and design optimization.
On the Optimization of Circular Radiating Fins
Authors: Krikkis Rizos N. , Razelos Panagiotis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the present study the optimum dimensions of circular rectangular and triangular profile fins with fin to fin and fin to base radiant interaction are determined. The basic assumptions are one-dimensional heat conduction, and black surface radiation. The governing equations are formulated by means of dimensionless variables and solved numerically. The optimum fin dimensions, bore thickness and height, are presented in generalized dimensionless form. In order to assist the spacecraft thermal systems designers explicit correlations are provided for the dimensionless, bore thickness. The results are analyzed and reported in diagrams that give insight to the operational characteristics of the heat rejection mechanism. Moreover, special attention is given in the error analysis of the numerical methods used, since the accuracy and the reliability of the algorithms employed for the solution of the integro-differential equation is importand for the calculation of the heat dissipation at the fin base and its subsequent optimization.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Co-Injection Molding
Authors: Ilinca Florin , Hétu Jean-François 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents simulations of co-injection molding problems computed by a three-dimensional finite element method. The polymer melts behave as generalized Newtonian fluids and non-isothermal effects are taken into account. In addition to the momentum, mass and energy equations, we solve two transport equations tracking the polymer/air and skin/core polymers interfaces. Solutions are shown for a center gated rectangular plate. The effect of varying the melt/mold temperature and the ratio between the skin and core materials is investigated. The solution obtained for the same skin and core materials is compared with those in which viscosities of core and skin materials are different. Finally, the solution for the co-injection of a C-shaped plate is presented.
Bulk Flow of Solution in a Hydrothermal Autoclave
Authors: Evans Edward A. , Li Hongmin , Wang G.-X. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Many piezo-electrical crystals such as quartz are grown hydrothermally in highly pressurized cylindrical autoclaves. In hydrothermal crystal growth of quartz, quartz pellets are put in the bottom of an autoclave where the temperature is higher and the quartz dissolves into an aqueous solution. The nutrient is then brought to the upper part of the autoclave by natural convection of the solution due to a temperature difference and deposited onto the seed crystals at a lower temperature. A good understanding of such a bulk flow is therefore essential for the control of the rate of crystal growth and the quality of the grown crystals. Due to a large dimension of the system and a large length to diameter ratio (10 to 30), complex flow patterns with strong turbulence are expected. This paper presents the first numerical analysis of turbulent natural convection in industry-size autoclaves with various aspect ratios. A simplified, two-dimensional axisymmetric model that does not consider the seed and the porous raw material bed has been developed. The Wilcox κ-ω turbulent model is employed to describe turbulent transport. Using a CFD package, CFX, numerical results have been obtained for cases with aspect ratios ranging from 2 to 30. Results show typical two counter-flow cells in both the bottom and upper parts of the autoclave. Strong turbulent interaction is observed in the region near the baffle opening where the bottom and upper two flow cells meet, although there is no cross flow in the average flow field. Detailed analyses and discussions are presented to characterize the bulk flow in the upper chamber under various aspect ratios, and their effect on crystal growth.