bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay of Magnetic Properties and Doping in Epitaxial Films of h‐REFeO3 Multiferroic Oxides
Authors: Baghizadeh Ali , Vaghefi Pegah Mirzadeh , Huang Xing , Borme Jerome , Almeida Bernardo , Salak Andrei N. , Willinger Marc‐Georg , Amaral Vitor B. , Vieira Joaquim M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultiferroic materials demonstrating coexistence of magnetic and ferroelectric orders are promising candidates for magnetoelectric devices. While understanding the underlying mechanism of interplaying of ferroic properties is important, tailoring their properties to make them potential candidates for magnetoelectric devices is challenging. Here, the antiferromagnetic Neel ordering temperature above 200 K is realized in successfully stabilized epitaxial films of (Lu,Sc)FeO3 multiferroic oxide. The first‐principles calculations show the shrinkage of in‐plane lattice constants of the unit cells of the films on different substrates which corroborates well the enhancement of the Neel ordering temperature (TN). The profound effect of lattice strain/stress at the interface due to differences of in‐plane lattice constants on out of plane magnetic properties and on spin reorientation temperature in the antiferromagnetic region is further elucidated in the epitaxial films with and without buffer layer of Mn‐doped LuFeO3. Writing and reading ferroelectric domains reveal the ferroelectric response of the films at room temperature. Detailed electron microscopy shows the presence of lattice defects in atomic scale. First‐principles calculations show that orbital rehybridization of rare‐earth ions and oxygen is one of the main driving force of ferroelectricity along c‐axis in thin films of hexagonal ferrites.
All‐Inorganic Lead‐Free Perovskite(‐Like) Single Crystals: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Zhao Shuangyi , Cai Wensi , Wang Huaxin , Zang Zhigang , Chen Jiangzhao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to their nontoxicity, stability, and unique optoelectronic properties, all‐inorganic lead‐free halide semiconductors with perovskite and perovskite‐like structures have successfully emerged as promising optoelectronic materials for various applications, such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors, and X‐ray detectors. To further explore their practical potentials, researchers have paid more attention in all‐inorganic lead‐free perovskite (‐like) (ILFP) single crystals. For these single crystals, the advantages of large sizes, uniform surface morphology, and few defects can facilitate their excellent performances and practical applications. Besides, compared with the low dimensional and polycrystalline ILFP materials, the ILFP single crystals feature enhanced performances, including a longer carrier diffusion length and a larger light absorption coefficient, which attract a great deal of attention. Therefore, focus is on the researching progress of ILFP single crystals and the development of their preparation methods, as well as the novel properties of ILFP single crystals. In addition, the reported applications of ILFP single crystals are proposed to highlight their practical importance. With the perspective of the evolution and challenges, the current limitations of the materials and devices are discussed, followed by an inspirational outlook on their future development directions.
Suppression of food restriction‐evoked hyperactivity in activity‐based anorexia animal model through glutamate transporters GLT‐1 at excitatory synapses in the hippocampus
Authors: Bilash Olesia M. , Actor‐Engel Hannah S. , Sherpa Ang D. , Chen Yi‐Wen , Aoki Chiye 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSevere voluntary food restriction is the defining symptom of anorexia nervosa (AN), but anxiety and excessive exercise are maladaptive symptoms that contribute significantly to the severity of AN and which individuals with AN have difficulty suppressing. We hypothesized that the excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, known to contribute to anxiety, leads to the maladaptive behavior of excessive exercise. Conversely, since glutamate transporter GLT‐1 dampens the excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons through the uptake of ambient glutamate and suppression of the GluN2B‐subunit containing NMDA receptors (GluN2B‐NMDARs), GLT‐1 may contribute toward dampening excessive exercise. This hypothesis was tested using the mouse model of AN, called activity‐based anorexia (ABA), whereby food restriction evokes the maladaptive behavior of excessive wheel running (food restriction‐evoked running, FRER). We tested whether individual differences in ABA vulnerability of mice, quantified based on FRER, correlated with individual differences in the levels of GLT‐1 at excitatory synapses of the hippocampus. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry (EM‐ICC) was used to quantify GLT‐1 levels at the excitatory synapses of the hippocampus. The FRER seen in individual mice varied more than 10‐fold, and Pearson correlation analyses revealed a strong negative correlation (p = .02) between FRER and GLT‐1 levels at the axon terminals of excitatory synapses and at the surrounding astrocytic plasma membranes. Moreover, synaptic levels of GluN2B‐NMDARs correlated strongly with GLT‐1 levels at perisynaptic astrocytic plasma membranes. There is at present no accepted pharmacotherapy for AN, and little is known about the etiology of this deadly illness. Current findings suggest that drugs increasing GLT‐1 expression may reduce AN severity through the reduction of GluN2B‐NMDAR activity.
Routine third‐trimester ultrasound for the detection of small‐for‐gestational age in low‐risk pregnancies (ROTTUS study): randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wanyonyi S. Z. , Orwa J. , Ozelle H. , Martinez J. , Atsali E. , Vinayak S. , Temmerman M. , Figueras F. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the proportion of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants detected by routine third‐trimester ultrasound vs those detected by selective ultrasound based on serial symphysis–fundus height (SFH) measurements (standard care) in low‐risk pregnancy.MethodsThis was an open‐label randomized controlled trial conducted at a hospital in Kenya between May 2018 and February 2020. Low‐risk pregnant women were randomly allocated (ratio of 1:1) to routine ultrasound for fetal growth assessment between 36 + 0 and 37 + 6 weeks' gestation (intervention group) or to standard care, which involved a selective growth scan on clinical suspicion of fetal growth abnormality based on serial SFH measurements (control group). During ultrasound examination, fetal growth was assessed by measurement of the abdominal circumference (AC), and AC < 10th centile was used to diagnose a SGA fetus. The main prespecified outcomes were the detection of neonatal SGA, defined as birth weight < 10th centile, and of severe neonatal SGA, defined as birth weight < 3rd centile. The predictive performance of routine third‐trimester ultrasound and selective ultrasound based on serial SFH measurements was determined using receiver‐operating‐characteristics (ROC)‐curve analysis.ResultsOf 566 women assessed for eligibility, 508 (89.8%) were randomized, of whom 253 were allocated to the intervention group and 255 to the control group. Thirty‐six babies in the intervention group and 26 in the control group had a birth weight < 10th centile. The detection rate of SGA infants by routine third‐trimester ultrasound vs that by standard care was 52.8% (19/36) vs 7.7% (2/26) (P < 0.001) and the specificity was 95.5% (191/200) and 97.9% (191/195), respectively (P = 0.08). The detection rate of severe SGA was 66.7% (12/18) by routine ultrasound vs 8.3% (1/12) by selective ultrasound based on SFH measurements (P < 0.001), with specificities of 91.7% (200/218) and 98.1% (205/209), respectively (P = 0.006). The area under the ROC curve of routine third‐trimester ultrasound in prediction of SGA was significantly greater than that of selective ultrasound based on SFH measurements (0.92 (95% CI, 0.87–0.96) vs 0.68 (95% CI, 0.58–0.77); P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn low‐risk pregnancy, routine ultrasound performed between 36 + 0 and 37 + 6 weeks is superior to selective ultrasound based on serial SFH measurements for the detection of true SGA, with high specificity. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Two‐dimensional and doppler echocardiographic evaluation in twenty‐one healthy Python regius
Authors: Bagardi Mara , Bardi Edoardo , Manfredi Martina , Segala Arianna , Belfatto Antonella , Cusaro Stefano , Romussi Stefano , Brambilla Paola Giuseppina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEchocardiographic evaluation is a diagnostic tool for the in vivo diagnosis of heart diseases. Specific and unique anatomical characteristics of the ophidian heart such as the single ventricular cavity, a tubular sinus venosus opening into the right atrium, the presence of three arterial trunks and extreme mobility in the coelomic cavity during the cardiac cycle directly affect echocardiographic examination. Twenty‐one awake, healthy ball pythons (Python regius) were analysed based on guidelines for performing echocardiographic examinations. Imaging in the sagittal plane demonstrated the caudal vena cava, sinus venosus valve (SVV) and right atrium and the various portions of the ventricle, horizontal septum, left aortic arch and pulmonary artery. Transverse imaging depicted the spatial relationship of the left and right aortic arches, the pulmonary artery and the horizontal septum. Basic knowledge of cardiac blood flow in reptiles is necessary to understand the echocardiographic anatomy. The flow of the arterial trunks and SVV was analysed using pulsed‐wave Doppler based on the approach used for humans and companion mammals. The walls and diameters of the cavum arteriosum, cavum venosum and cavum pulmonale were also evaluated. This study should improve the veterinarian's knowledge of ophidian heart basal physiology and contribute to the development of cardiology in reptiles.
A comprehensive study on the semileptonic decay of heavy flavor mesons
Authors: Zhang Lu , Kang Xian-Wei , Guo Xin-Heng , Dai Ling-Yun , Luo Tao , Wang Chao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The semileptonic decay of heavy flavor mesons offers a clean environment for extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements, which describes the CP-violating and flavor changing process in the Standard Model. The involved form factors where the dynamical information is encoded play an essential role in achieving any conclusive statement. That is, the knowledge of the form factors should be under good control, requiring one to examine more observables in addition to the branching fraction. In this paper, we provide the mean value and the q2-dependent shape for further observables [differential decay distribution (dΓ/dq2), forward-backward asymmetry $$ \left({\mathcal{A}}_{FB}^{ls}\right) $$

A
FB
ls

, longitudinal $$ \left({P}_L^l\right) $$

P
L
l

and transverse $$ \left({P}_T^l\right) $$

P
T
l

polarization of a charged lepton, longitudinal polarization of a vector meson in the final state $$ \left({F}_L^l(V)\right) $$

F
L
l

V

, leptonic convexity parameter $$ \left({C}_F^l\right) $$

C
F
l

, and trigonometric moments $$ \left({W}_i^l\right) $$

W
i
l

in the decay of D(s) and B(s) to P/Vl+νl (l = e, μ or τ)], based on the predictions of the relevant form factors from the covariant light-front quark model. P and V denote the pseudoscalar and vector meson, respectively. As a comparison, we find a good agreement with the results from the covariant confining quark model and the relativistic quark model in the literature. As it has been observed that the $$ {P}_L^l $$

P
L
l

and $$ {F}_L^l(V) $$

F
L
l

V

are crucial quantities to discriminate various New Physics models, the reexamination of these observables from a different method is also essential and necessary.
Vacuum fermionic currents in braneworld models on AdS bulk with a cosmic string
Authors: Bellucci S. , dos Santos W. Oliveira , de Mello E.R. Bezerra , Saharian A.A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the effects of a brane and magnetic-flux-carrying cosmic string on the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the current density for a charged fermionic field in the background geometry of (4+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. The brane is parallel to the AdS boundary and the cosmic string is orthogonal to the brane. Two types of boundary conditions are considered on the brane that include the MIT bag boundary condition and the boundary conditions in Z2-symmetric braneworld models. The brane divides the space into two regions with different properties of the vacuum state. The only nonzero component of the current density is along the azimuthal direction and in both the regions the corresponding VEV is decomposed into the brane- free and brane-induced contributions. The latter vanishes on the string and near the string the total current is dominated by the brane-free part. At large distances from the string and in the region between the brane and AdS horizon the decay of the brane-induced current density, as a function of the proper distance, is power-law for both massless and massive fields. For a massive field this behavior is essentially different from that in the Minkowski bulk. In the region between the brane and AdS boundary the large-distance decay of the current density is exponential. Depending on the boundary condition on the brane, the brane-induced contribution is dominant or subdominant in the total current density at large distances from the string. By using the results for fields realizing two inequivalent irreducible representations of the Clifford algebra, the vacuum current density is investigated in C - and P -symmetric fermionic models. Applications are given for a cosmic string in the Randall-Sundrum-type braneworld model with a single brane.
Failure analysis and recommendations for treatment of posttraumatic non-unions of the distal humerus during childhood
Authors: Sommerfeldt Dirk Walther , Schmittenbecher Peter Paul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Non-unions of the distal humerus are rare complications of common children’s fractures such as radial condyle fractures and supracondylar fractures. The aim of this paper was to update the knowledge about etiology, reasons, management, and results of these troublesome, and sometimes debilitating entities.

Methods
The sparse literature concerning nonunions following condylar or supracondylar fractures was analyzed together with the presentation of some typical clinical cases.

Results
In most of the cases, non-unions were induced by neglect, unstable fixation, too early implant removal, too much revision surgery, and an inconsequent transfer of follow-up algorithms, or combinations of the above. Treatment of non-union should start as early as possible because the effort of required surgery increases with time that the nonunion has been neglected. Often a combination of stable fixation of the pseudarthrosis and correction of the elbow axis are necessary to achieve a satisfying outcome.

Conclusion
In pediatric traumatology, qualified and consequent care for children’s fractures of the distal humerus can prevent rare complications such as non-unions in almost any situation. If such a disturbance of healing is noticed, immediate and adequate, i.e. children specific surgical consequences achieve best results.
Tranexamsäure zur Blutungsprophylaxe bei Trauma und orthopädischen Eingriffen – Standard oder individualisierte Anwendung?
Authors: Pekrul Isabell , Schachtner Thomas , Zwißler Bernhard , Möhnle Patrick 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungTranexamsäure hat einen etablierten Stellenwert in der Behandlung von Blutungen, v. a. bei Hyperfibrinolyse. Zunehmend wird TXA auch prophylaktisch bei Trauma und orthopädischen Eingriffen eingesetzt, wobei sich Fragen nach Risiken sowie einem möglichen Off-Label-Einsatz ergeben. Auf Basis der verfügbaren Literatur lässt sich schließen, dass ein prophylaktischer Einsatz des Präparates in diesen Indikationsbereichen vertretbar ist. Jedoch sollte bei Patienten mit erhöhtem Risiko für thrombembolische Ereignisse weiterhin eine individuelle Abwägung von Nutzen und Risiken durchgeführt und dokumentiert werden. Obwohl die Indikationsgebiete des prophylaktischen Einsatzes bei Trauma und orthopädischen Eingriffen nicht spezifisch in der Fachinformation aufgeführt sind, ist die Anwendung unseres Erachtens nicht als Off Label Use zu bewerten.
Universal Qudit Hamiltonians
Authors: Piddock Stephen , Montanaro Ashley 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA family of quantum Hamiltonians is said to be universal if any other finite-dimensional Hamiltonian can be approximately encoded within the low-energy space of a Hamiltonian from that family. If the encoding is efficient, universal families of Hamiltonians can be used as universal analogue quantum simulators and universal quantum computers, and the problem of approximately determining the ground-state energy of a Hamiltonian from a universal family is QMA-complete. One natural way to categorise Hamiltonians into families is in terms of the interactions they are built from. Here we prove universality of some important classes of interactions on qudits (d-level systems):

We completely characterise the k-qudit interactions which are universal, if augmented with arbitrary Hermitian 1-local terms.
We find that, for all $$k \geqslant 2$$

k
⩾
2

and all local dimensions $$d \geqslant 2$$

d
⩾
2

, almost all such interactions are universal aside from a simple stoquastic class.

We prove universality of generalisations of the Heisenberg model that are ubiquitous in condensed-matter physics, even if free 1-local terms are not provided. We show that the SU(d) and SU(2) Heisenberg interactions are universal for all local dimensions $$d \geqslant 2$$

d
⩾
2

(spin $$\geqslant 1/2$$

⩾
1
/
2

), implying that a quantum variant of the Max-d-Cut problem is QMA-complete. We also show that for $$d=3$$

d
=
3

all bilinear-biquadratic Heisenberg interactions are universal. One example is the general AKLT model.

We prove universality of any interaction proportional to the projector onto a pure entangled state.
Regularity of the free boundary for the two-phase Bernoulli problem
Authors: De Philippis Guido , Spolaor Luca , Velichkov Bozhidar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prove a regularity theorem for the free boundary of minimizers of the two-phase Bernoulli problem, completing the analysis started by Alt, Caffarelli and Friedman in the 80s. As a consequence, we also show regularity of minimizers of the multiphase spectral optimization problem for the principal eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian.
A randomized, double-blind study of iodine supplementation during pregnancy in Sweden: pilot evaluation of maternal iodine status and thyroid function
Authors: Manousou Sofia , Eggertsen Robert , Hulthén Lena , Filipsson Nyström Helena 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Pregnant women in Sweden are mildly iodine deficient. We investigated the effect of daily iodine supplementation on the iodine and thyroid status of pregnant women.

Methods
In this pilot, randomized, double-blind trial, 200 thyroid-healthy pregnant women were recruited at mean (standard deviation) pregnancy week 8.85 (1.62) and assigned (1:1) to daily intake of a multivitamin tablet with or without 150 μg of iodine. Urine and serum samples were collected at baseline and once during the second and third trimesters. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOabs) were analyzed. Neonatal TSH data were collected. UIC and Tg were also analyzed in a group of 89 thyroid-healthy non-pregnant women of reproductive age (WRA).

Results
At baseline, the intervention and the control groups had similar median UIC (interquartile range (IQR)): 110 μg/L (74–119) and 111 μg/L (66–168), respectively. The intervention group reached iodine sufficiency with median UIC (IQR) 139 μg/L (89–234) and 136 μg/L (91–211) in the second and third trimester, respectively, without significant difference from the lower limit of the recommended range, i.e. 150–250 μg/L (p = 0.42 and p = 0.87, respectively). The intervention group had higher median UIC and lower median Tg compared to the control group during the second (p < 0.001 and p = 0.019, respectively) and third trimester (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively), whereas thyroid hormones, serum TPOabs, and neonatal TSH were similar. The WRA group presented median UIC (IQR) 65 μg/L (30–98) and median Tg (IQR) 18 μg/L (13–27).

Conclusion
A daily supplement containing 150 μg of iodine to a group of pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency improved the iodine status from mild ID to iodine sufficiency. This improvement seems to have had a positive impact on maternal thyroglobulin. This study is now under extension to investigate the children’s neuropsychological development.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02378246, May 3, 2015, retrospectively registered.
Serendipita indica changes host sugar and defense status in Arabidopsis thaliana: cooperation or exploitation?
Authors: Opitz Michael W. , Daneshkhah Roshanak , Lorenz Cindy , Ludwig Roland , Steinkellner Siegrid , Wieczorek Krzysztof 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
Manipulation of sugar metabolism upon S. indica root colonization triggers changes in sugar pools and defense responses in A. thaliana.

Abstract
Serendipita indica is an endophytic fungus that establishes mutualistic relationships with many different plants including important crops as well as the model plant A. thaliana. Successful root colonization typically results in growth promotion and enhanced tolerance against various biotic and abiotic stresses. The fungus delivers phosphorus to the host and receives in exchange carbohydrates. There are hints that S. indica prefers hexoses, glucose, and fructose, products of saccharose cleavage driven by invertases (INVs) and sucrose synthases (SUSs). Carbohydrate metabolism in this interaction, however, remains still widely unexplored. Therefore, in this work, the sugar pools as well as the expression of SUSs and cytosolic INVs in plants colonized by S. indica were analyzed. Using sus1/2/3/4 and cinv1/2 mutants the importance of these genes for the induction of growth promotion and proper root colonization was demonstrated. Furthermore, the expression of several defense-related marker genes in both multiple mutants in comparison to the wild-type plants was determined. Our results show that in colonized A. thaliana plants S. indica manipulates the sugar metabolism by altering the expression of host’s INV and SUS and modulates both the sugar pools and plant defense in its favor. We conclude that the interaction A. thaliana–S. indica is a balancing act between cooperation and exploitation, in which sugar metabolism plays a crucial role. Small changes in this mechanism can lead to severe disruption resulting in the lack of growth promotion or altered colonization rate.