bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Zymographic and Proteomic Analysis for Identification of Intracellular and Extracellular Proteases of <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> Production Strains
Authors: Polunina T. A. , Kotova N. V. , Badanin D. V. , Fedorov A. V. , Gromova O. V. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Osina N. A. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work was to study the composition and functions of intracellular and extracellular proteases of the production Vibrio cholerae strains 569B serovar Inaba and M41 serovar Ogawa using zymographic and proteomic analysis.Materials and methods. Samples of intracellular proteases were obtained from cell lysates by ultrasonication of bacterial cells in a 9 M urea solution. The extracellular protease fraction was precipitated from the culture liquid by adding 50 % trichloroacetic acid to a final concentration of 10 % and incubating on ice. Lyophilized preparations of proteinase K and proteovibrin enzyme complex were used as a control of proteolytic activity. Proteases were detected by substrate gel electrophoresis in 12.5 % polyacrylamide gel impregnated with 0.1 % gelatin, followed by identification of the composition of protein fractions of lysates and exoproteins of both strains using molecular mass spectrometric scanning.Results and discussion. A comparative study of the production strains of V. cholerae 569B serovar Inaba and M41 serovar Ogawa using zymographic and proteomic analysis showed that the greatest enzymatic activity was detected in the fraction of extracellular proteases sample of V. cholerae M41 strain, where five major and four minor zones of gelatin hydrolysis were identified, and high-intensity zones with MW 20–23 and 37–40 kDa were also found in the preparation of proteovibrin isolated from the culture fluid of that strain. As a result of proteomic analysis of the studied strains, 66 enzymes of V. cholerae with different functional activity were reliably identified, among which 15 enzymes had protease activity. The high information content of the complex of modern methods provided for the possibility of identifying qualitative and quantitative differences in the composition of intracellular and extracellular proteases in production strains of V. cholerae, which offers an effective means of screening inter-strain differences in the protease spectrum in production strains.
Leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan. Epidemiological Features
Authors: Savitskaya T. A. , Trifonov V. A. , Milova I. V. , Isaeva G. Sh. , Reshetnikova I. D. , Serovа I. V. 
Published: April 2021

The study presents a characteristic of the current epidemiological situation on leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan, investigation of the circulation of leptospirosis agents among the population of small mammals, and the species composition of Leptospira that caused diseases in humans.Materials and methods. The paper contains the data on the incidence of leptospirosis among the population in the Russian Federation (RF) for the period between 2000 and 2018, in the Republic of Tatarstan – since 1998, submitted by the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, materials of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Main Veterinary Administration of the Republic of Tatarstan.Results and discussion. We have carried out the analysis of the epidemiological situation in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period of 1998–2018, by the administrative territories of the republic. The incidence of human leptospirosis caused by various leptospira serogroups has been assessed. In total, 112 people got infected with leptospirosis during the analyzed period. Also the data of epizootiological survey of small mammals inhabiting the natural foci of leptospirosis in the republic are presented. Laboratory tests of 1565 samples from mouse-like rodents for the presence of leptospirosis pathogens have been performed. 1.9 % of the tests gave a positive result. Dominant in the Republic of Tatarstan are the serogroups of Leptospira – Leptospira grippotyphosa and L. hebdomadis. The results of laboratory studies on the carriage of leptospira among small mammals and contamination of environmental objects indicate the circulation of pathogens of leptospirosis in the population of small mammals, habitant in forest shrub, near-water and meadow field stations of the republic. The red vole prevails in this community, the average index of its dominance is 66.7 %. Epizootiological monitoring point to a latent epizootic process in the community of mouse-like rodents.
Ways to Reduce the Level of Contamination at the Stages of Tableted Chemical Cholera Vaccine Production
Authors: Ul’yanov A. Yu. , Klokova O. D. , Gromova O. V. , Vol’nikov V. R. , Volokh O. A. , Nikiforov A. K. 
Published: April 2021

Objective of the study was an assessment of the degree of contamination of cholera chemical vaccine at the stages of preparation and determination of the ways to reduce it.Materials and methods. Liquid and lyophilized components of the cholera chemical vaccine used in the study: cholerogen-anatoxin and O-antigens of Vibrio cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains, as well as auxiliary substances (sucrose, talc, calcium stearate, starch). Granulation was carried out in a device that works on a fluidized bed principle, GPCG 2 (GLATT, Germany). Subsequent tabletizing of the mixture was performed using MiniTabT compression machine (LUXNER, Germany). Studies were conducted on the evaluation of “microbiological purity” at the stages of manufacturing of the cholera chemical vaccine, tablets coated with an enteric coating. Positive or negative growth of microorganisms on Petri dishes with nutrient media was determined on visual inspection.Results and conclusions. The dynamics of changes in microbial contamination at certain technological stages of vaccine production has been revealed. It is shown that the solutions of antigens in the process of separation are subject to microbial contamination which is associated with the use of ammonium sulfate during precipitation and non-sterile water at the stage of dialysis. Sterility of semi-finished products has been achieved through twophase filtration of choleragen-anatoxin and sterilization of O-antigens of V. cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains with flowing steam at (100±1) °C for 30 minutes. In order to decrease microbial contamination at the stage of granulation additional fine filters were installed in the air-supply system. Further on comparative assessment of microbial purity of vaccine batches obtained using both, direct compression and preliminary granulation, was carried out. It has been experimentally demonstrated that granulation of the components of a tablet mixture of cholera vaccine leads to a decrease in the level of bacterial contamination and improves the microbiological purity of the finished dosage form.
Multilocus Sequence-Typing of Anthrax Microbe Strains Isolated in Russia and Neighboring Countries
Authors: Goncharova Yu. O. , Bakhteeva I. V. , Mironova R. I. , Bogun A. G. , Khlopova K. V. , Timofeev V. S. 
Published: April 2021

Objective – genotyping by multilocus sequence-typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analysis of 40 Bacillus anthracis strains isolated in Russia and neighboring countries.Materials and methods. In this study, the sequences of seven housekeeping genes of B. anthracis strains were assembled based on the data of a whole genome new generation sequencing, after which the identified mutations and their coordinates were described. The obtained sequences were used for genotyping of the investigated sample using the MLST method. The results are compared with the data presented in PubMLST database. A phylogenetic analysis was performed for the in silico fused sequences of the seven loci of the identified sequence types. The MEGA 7.0 software package was used to build the dendrograms.Results and discussion. Two sequence types (ST) have been found in the examined sample: 35 strains belong to ST-1, and five strains that differed by one common mutation at the glpF locus – to ST-3 (according to PubMLST coding), which emphasizes the genetic separation of this group of strains. One strain has a unique mutation in the gmk gene located outside the region used for MLST.
Sr Isotope Chemostratigraphy and Pb–Pb Age of the Riphean Carbonate Deposits of the Kharaulakh Uplift (Northeastern Margin of the Siberian Platform)
Authors: Kochnev B.B. , Kuznetsov A.B. , Sitkina D.R. , Kramchaninov A.Yu. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
—The least altered limestones of the Ukta and Eselekh formations in the Precambrian section of the Kharaulakh uplift have a minimum 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70673–0.70715. The lowest 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the overlying Neleger and Sietachan formations is 0.70791–0.70817. Based on these data, along with the earlier obtained positive δ13С values (up to 8‰) for the Kharaulakh section, we have estimated the age of the Ukta and Eselekh formations at 800–670 Ma and the age of the Neleger and Sietachan formations at ~640–580 Ma. The Pb–Pb isochron age of the least altered limestones of the Eselekh Formation calculated from eight samples is 720 ± 30 Ma. This age permits us to define the lower part of the Kharaulakh section of the Ukta and Eselekh formations to be the late Tonian of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart or to the Upper Riphean of the General Stratigraphic Scale of Russia. The presence of reliably dated Upper Riphean sediments in the Kharaulakh uplift indicates a more complex structure of the Precambrian sedimentary cover on the Arctic margin of the Siberian Platform than assumed earlier.
Ultramagnesian Olivine in the Monchepluton (Fo96) and Pados-Tundra (Fo93) Layered Intrusions (Kola Peninsula)
Authors: Barkov A.Y. , Martin R.F. , Izokh A.E. , Nikiforov A.A. , Korolyuk V.N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
—The paper focuses on compositional variations of olivine and chromian spinel in the Monchepluton and Pados-Tundra layered intrusions, which host significant chromitite mineralization. Ore-bearing dunite (with up to 25–30 vol.% Mcr) in the Sopcheozerskoe chromite deposit from the Monchepluton complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia, bears an assemblage of phases with exceptionally high magnesium contents: Fo96 + augite (Mg# = 94) + magnesiochromite, Mcr (Mg# ≈ 65); Mg# = 100·Mg/(Mg + Fe2+ + Mn). However, olivine in the host dunite has normal maximum values of Mg# comparable to those in cumulus olivine from layered intrusions worldwide (Fo≤91–92). The Fo96 phase in the Sopcheozerskoe deposit shows the most primitive composition ever reported from any layered intrusion. Magnesiochromite occurs as unzoned homogeneous euhedral crystals unaffected by subsolidus exchange or metasomatic effects. Olivine in ore-bearing dunite (20–25 vol.% magnesian chromite) from the Pados-Tundra complex attains Fo93, with the Mg# value notably higher than the range (Fo85.5–90.6) in olivine from orthopyroxenite, harzburgite, and dunite within the intrusion. Olivine and chromian spinel in the two complexes behave coherently, with covarying patterns of Mg# and Ni contents in olivine at R = 0.75 (n = 160) and positive correlation between Mg# in coexisting chromian spinel and olivine grains at R = 0.8 (n = 150). This behavior indicates that the two phases attained equilibrium during crystallization. It appears unlikely that the extremely high Mg enrichment in olivine (Fo96), as well as in all associated phases of the Monchepluton complex, would result from a subsolidus reaction between olivine and chromian spinel or low-temperature alteration of olivine. We suggest a more realistic explanation that the olivine (+ high-Mg augite)–chromian spinel assemblage crystallized from komatiitic magma under the conditions of progressively increasing oxygen fugacity (fO2). The high Mg# in the Mcr-chromite-enriched system, above the maximum values common in cumulus olivine from layered intrusions (up to Fo96 against Fo≤91–92), may be caused by shortage of ferrous iron.
Trace Elements in Sulfides and Gold of the Olimpiada Deposit (Yenisei Ridge): Ore Substance Sources and Fluid Parameters
Authors: Silyanov S.A. , Sazonov A.M. , Tishin P.A. , Lobastov B.M. , Nekrasova N.A. , Zvyagina E.A. , Ryabukha M.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
—We consider the distribution of trace elements and precious metals in sulfides and native gold of the Olimpiada deposit. Analysis of the obtained data provided conclusions about the source of ore substance and the parameters of the ore-forming fluid. We think that the deposit was formed by a medium- to high-temperature fluid with variable salinity and acidity/alkalinity, with chloride complexes dominating. The redox potential changed in the course of ore formation, but the ore mineralization formed under reducing conditions. The early Au–As mineralization might have formed with the major participation of crustal substance, but the supply of substance from another, probably deep-seated, source was also possible. The Au–Sb paragenesis differs significantly in REE and precious-metal (primarily PGE) distribution, which might indicate a different source of substance (with a higher portion of a deep-seated component) during the formation of such parageneses. The Au/Ag ratios in sulfides, gold, and ores of the Olimpiada deposit point to the presence of Au and Ag sulfide minerals.
Elicitor-induced phenolic acids accumulation in Salvia virgata Jacq. hairy root cultures
Authors: Abrishamchi Parvaneh , Dowom Samaneh Attaran , Radjabian Tayebeh , Salami Seyed Alireza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Phenolic acids, as the predominant secondary metabolites of Salvia species, are largely used in pharmaceutical industries. The main aim of the study was to establish hairy root cultures of Salvia virgata Jacq. Also, the effects of methyl jasmonate (22.4 and 11.2 ppm), Ag+ ions (5 and 2.5 ppm), and yeast extract (100 and 50 ppm) were assessed on total phenol, total flavonoid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, and caffeic acid contents in the hairy roots after 1, 3 and 5 days of exposure. Results showed the used Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (A4, ATCC15834, R1000, GM1534, and C58C1) differed in their ability to induce hairy roots on leaf explants. The transformed roots were molecularly confirmed using rolC gene and the highest transformation frequency (56 %) was obtained by ATCC 15834 strain. Among the established hairy root lines, the highest amount of rosmarinic acid (0.45 ± 0.01 mg/g DW) and dry root biomass (2.29 ± 0.04 g) was obtained in AT3, the line which was induced by ATCC 15834 strain. The maximum accumulation of total phenol (123.6 ± 0.93 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid (5.09 ± 0.07 mg QUE/g DW), rosmarinic acid (18.45 ± 0.8 mg/g DW), salvianolic acid A (2.11 ± 0.04 mg/g DW) and caffeic acid (2.61 ± 0.02 mg/g DW) was observed in the hairy roots elicited with 22.4 ppm methyl jasmonate on day three after treatment. The results support that elicitation could be an effective procedure for the improvement of caffeic acid derivatives production in S. virgata hairy root cultures.
Optimization on the Multi-period Empty Container Repositioning Problem in Regional Port Cluster Based upon Inventory Control Strategies
Authors: Cai Jiaxin , Li Yubo , Yin Yandong , Wang Xiaohan , Jin Zhihong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Within the area of regional port clusters, this paper establishes a multi-period mixed integer programming model to optimize the empty container repositioning between public hinterlands and ports, comprehensively considering the quantitative and periodic inventory control strategy. By using Markov decision process combined with dynamic programming method, this paper dynamically optimizes the empty container inventory threshold (D;U) under quantitative strategy and S under periodical strategy at each port within the regional port clusters. On this basis, this paper optimizes the empty container repositioning scheme between public hinterlands and ports. Meanwhile, Liaoning coastal regional port cluster and its northeast hinterland are selected as the objects to solve this model and the results show that the total cost of shipping company can be saved by 14.16% and 11.92% respec- tively by the quantitative and periodical inventory control strategy. Selecting the quantity of public hinterland terminals, the empty container demand of public hinterland terminals and ports, the inventory threshold of empty containers and other factors, this paper carries on the sensitivity analysis. This paper validates inventory control strategy can weaken the shipping company in the influence of the external environment changes. And the quantitativeinventory control strategy can reduce the total cost value to a greater extent and more effective in cost control than periodical strategy.
Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O) combined to treat cervical cancer complicating pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI): A case report
Authors: Ran Yu , Yi Qiang , Li Cong , Zhou Qin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Combined cervical cancer and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is extremely uncommon and there is no standard treatment guideline for the complex comorbidity. We attempted to provide a treatment strategy and explore possible reasons for the comorbidities.Case presentation: We presented a 62-year-old patient seeking treatment for postmenopausal tissue prolapse and leakage of urine. Physical examination revealed procidentia with a 2.5 cm papillary and erosive lesion that was pathologically confirmed as cervical squamous cell carcinoma in stage Ib2. Clinical diagnosis included cervical squamous cell carcinoma in stage Ib2, prolapse of the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina and uterine, stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Then she was performed radical surgery for cervical cancer and tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O). The urine function was good after operation. The surgery solved two diseases, which improved the quality of life (QOL) of patient and radically cured cervical malignancies at the same time.Conclusions: Surgical-based treatment seems to be more suitable that can cure the two diseases and improve the QOL. We should pay attention to the potential high incidence of HPV infection and HPV-related cervical cancer so that we should not ignore the screening for cervical cancer in the prolapse group and initiate surgery treatment strategies of cervical cancer or pre-cancerous lesions as early as possible to reach an optimal outcome of patient.
Urgent psychiatric consultations at Mental Health Center during COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Lorenzo Rosaria Di , Fiore Gianluca , Bruno Alessandra , Pinelli Margherita , Bertani Davide , Falcone Patrizia , Marrama Donatella , Starace Fabrizio , Ferri Paola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic and related social distancing measures have brought about dramatic changes in people's lives. In particular, health workers have been forced to change their activities both for the different needs of patients and for preventive measures against the spread of the virus.This study is aimed at comparing the urgent psychiatric consultations (UPC) performed at the outpatient Mental Health Center (MHC) of Modena during the coronavirus outbreak period, from 1 March to 31 August 2020, with the same period in 2019. We retrospectively collected in a database the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who required UPC in the MHC during the 6-month observation periods in both 2019 and 2020. Data were statistically analyzed.We analyzed 656 urgent psychiatric consultations in 2019 and 811 in 2020, requested by 424 patients in 2019 and 488 in 2020, respectively. In the pandemic period, we observed an increase in the total and daily number of UPC which were more frequently required by patients in care at local outpatient services in comparison with the previous period. During 2020, an increased number of UPC were carried out remotely and the outcome was more frequently represented by discharge at home, avoiding hospitalization as much as possible.In the course of the coronavirus pandemic, MHC had to face an increased demand for clinical activity especially from the most clinically and socially vulnerable patients, who more frequently required UPC in outpatient psychiatric services.
Evaluating the Applicability of Phytoplankton Community Indices in Assessing The Ecological Quality Status (EcoQS) of a Coastal Ecosystem (Thane Creek, India): Mono-Metric vs Multi-Metric Approach
Authors: Hardikar Revati , Kesavan Haridevi Chanjaplackal , Deshbhratar Shantaj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The ecological quality status (EcoQS) of Thane Creek which is surrounded by a highly urbanized and industrialized sector of Mumbai was assessed by considering six phytoplankton community indices. Sampling was carried during Premonsoon to compare the efficiency of selected indices (Chl a, abundance, H′, MDI, IPI and MMPI) in the tropical setting. Ecostatus proposed by selected phytoplankton indices assigned a 'moderate-good' status to phytoplankton zone (PZ)-I, 'moderate-poor' to PZ-II while 'bad' to PZ-III. Comparatively, MMPI appeared to be the most efficient water quality index because of its capability in discriminating between 'acceptable' and 'not-acceptable' EcoQS. The gradient of anthropic activities along the creek plays a major role in deciding the EcoQS of Thane Creek. Limitations of all indices in evaluating environmental quality were also discussed in the present study. The investigation could provide a fillip to policymakers who are undertaking coastal water quality improvement initiatives.
Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm Based Deep Learning Model for Automated COVID-19 Detection using Medical Image Data
Authors: Bansal Shrey , Singh Mukul , Dubey Rahul , Panigrahi Bijaya Ketan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In early 2020, the world is amid a significant pandemic due to the novel coronavirus disease outbreak, commonly called the COVID-19. Coronavirus is a lung infection disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2). Because of its high transmission rate, it is crucial to detect cases as soon as possible to effectively control the spread of this pandemic and treat patients in the early stages. RT-PCR-based kits are the current standard kits used for COVID-19 diagnosis, but these tests take much time despite their high precision. A faster automated diagnostic tool is required for the effective screening of COVID-19. In this study, a new semi-supervised feature learning technique is proposed to screen COVID-19 patients using chest CT Scans. The model proposed in this study uses a three-step architecture, consisting of a Convolutional Autoencoder based unsupervised feature extractor, a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm based feature selector, and a Bagging Ensemble of Support Vector Machines(SVMs) based classifier. The Autoencoder generates a diverse set of features from the images, and an optimal subset, free of redundant and irrelevant features, is selected by the evolutionary selector. The Ensemble of SVMs then performs the binary classification of the features. The proposed architecture has been designed to provide precise and robust diagnostics for binary classification (COVID vs.nonCOVID). A Dataset of 1252 COVID-19 CT scan images, collected from 60 patients, has been used to train and evaluate the model. The experimental results prove the superiority of the proposed methodology in comparison to existing methods.