bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microseisms in the 11- to 18-second period range
Authors: Oliver Jack , Ewing Maurice 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStorm microseisms in the 11- to 18-second period range recorded at Palisades and Bermuda are attributed to ocean swell of identical periods in the vicinity of the seacoast near the seismograph station. Evidence is based on travel time, correlation with wave-recorder data, and dispersion of the waves from hurricane Dolly, which remained in deep water when near the Palisades station and passed at a speed greater than the group velocity of ocean swell.Ground-particle motion is longitudinal, with little or no vertical component.With some qualifications, the results agree with the classical surf theory of microseism generation. Certainly, the energy is transferred to the earth within the littoral zone.
Minor features of the Fairview fault, Nevada
Authors: Larson E. R. 
Published: May 2021

abstract
En 袨elon ridges and fractures formed in the alluvium adjacent to the Fairview fault scarp reflect the lateral movement of the fault blocks and demonstrate the stress orientation near the fault. Detailed mapping shows that some of the minor features are shears and compressional ridges of the third order related to a north-south acting force.
Changes in hydrologic conditions in the Dixie Valley and Fairview Valley areas, Nevada, after the earthquake of December 16, 1954
Authors: Zones C. P. 
Published: May 2021

abstractThe earthquake of December 16, 1954, affected hydrologic conditions in the Dixie Valley and Fairview Valley areas, Nevada. In Dixie Valley the rate of flow of water from wells was temporarily increased and water flowed for more than a month from several wells that had not flowed before. Water levels in wells were higher after the earthquake, but the trend of water levels since the earthquake has varied locally. There is no evidence that ground-water temperatures were affected.The flow of Mud Springs, which is on the main fault on the west side of Dixie Valley, increased substantially immediately after the earthquake, but since has decreased to essentially its pre-earthquake rate.The water level in Fairview Valley was about 4 feet higher after the earthquake. In East Gate Valley and at West Gate, ground-water levels were lower after the earthquake. In June, 1956, the water level in East Gate Valley was 34 feet lower than the pre-earthquake level. At West Gate the water level was about 9 feet lower. In Stingaree Valley the water level began to rise after an initial decline and reached a peak about 11 feet higher than the pre-earthquake level.Possible causes for the rise in ground-water levels in Dixie and Fairview Valleys include tilting of the confined and semiconfined aquifers in the valleys, compaction of the sediments of the valley fill, and increased upward leakage of ground water.It is possible that opening of new fractures and widening of pre-existing fractures in the bedrock between East Gate, Cowkick, and Stingaree valleys has accelerated the rate of movement of ground water between those valleys.The temporary increase in the flow of water from Mud Springs may be due to the opening of fractures in the fault zone along which the water is rising, or to a possible lowering of the land surface at the springs with a resulting increase in artesian head at the spring orifices.It is thought that any increase in the total discharge of ground water in the Dixie Valley and Fairview Valley areas is temporary because the increased discharge is probably from ground-water storage.
Normal modes of continental surface waves
Authors: Oliver Jack , Ewing Maurice 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
When the path between epicenter and station traverses only continental structure, the dispersion of the entire train of directly arriving seismic surface waves can be explained as the result of normal mode propagation in a crust-mantle system in which the velocity increases in some manner with depth within the crust. At least four modes, the Rayleigh mode, Sezawa's M2 mode, and the first two Love waves, may appear prominently on the seismogram. The characteristics of the higher-mode dispersion curves permit the explanation of the Lg phase of Press and Ewing, B䳨's Lg1 and Lg2, and, in some cases, Caloi's Sa without recourse to a low-velocity layer in the crust or mantle. Speculation on changes in these curves for less simplified models indicates that the remaining cases of Sa as well as Leet's C or coupled wave may be explained by classical theory.
The occurrence of the higher-mode waves is widespread; they are found on the four continents for which data are available.
Higher-mode data, particularly when combined with information from the fundamental modes, make surface-wave dispersion, previously a useful tool, a much more potent method for the study of crustal structure.
Diagnosis and management of neglected foreign body foot in children
Authors: Wani Reyaz Ahmad , Rashid Kumar Abdul , Malik Muneer Abas 
Published: May 2021

Background: Foreign body related extremity trauma is uncommon in children and mostly involves lower limb. Such cases are prone to get neglected or missed and present at a later date with complications. Careful management at the outset can avoid such complications. Clinical suspicion followed by diagnostic imaging and retrieval of foreign bodies in cases with delayed presentation is vital. Methods: A retrospective case series analysis of foreign body foot, diagnosed and managed over a period of 6 years, was carried out at our institute with the aim to highlight clinical presentation and management of cases with a neglected foreign body foot.Results: A total of 23 patients with diagnosis of foreign body foot were studied with 15 acute cases and 8 chronic neglected cases. The neglected cases ranged in age from 15 months to 96 months (Mean 58.87±28.32). Male to female ratio was 7:1. The history of trauma was concealed in 6 out of 8 cases. Three presented as abscess, 2 each as cellulitis and non-healing wound and one as a granuloma. Mean delay in foreign body removal was 57.12±67.94 days. Five patients had radiolucent while three had radiopaque foreign bodies.Conclusions: Clinical suspicion aided by radiography and/or ultrasonography is pivotal in diagnosis. Removal of foreign body can be done by wound exploration under local anaesthesia in most of the cases.
Tuberous sclerosis complex associated neuropsychiatric disorder in children: experience sharing from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Fatema Kanij , Rahman Mizanur , Akhter Shaheen , Jahan Roushan 
Published: May 2021

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder where there is multisystem involvement. Most important manifestations are neurological and psychiatric disorders. These disorders should be detected timely and addressed adequately. The common psychiatric disorders are autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual disability (ID), learning disorder etc. This study has been done to describe the pattern of psychiatric disorders in children with TSC.Methods: This is an observational study taken place in a tertiary care hospital taken place on Children of 0-18 years of age. The study subjects were 84 patients with TSC. Detail history and physical examination had been done along with neuroimaging, EEG and target organs screening. Different psychometric tool was used for psychiatric evaluation. Results: Total 84 patients were included in this study, mean age was 7+3.96 years, 54% were female. Physical finding were as follows: ash leaf spot, shagreen patch, adenoma sebaceum, cafe au lait spot, rhabdomyoma, renal cyst and angiomyolipoma etc. Seventy patients had epilepsy, most common being focal epilepsy (45.7%), 17.1% had epileptic spasm. Fifty percent patients had developmental delay. Regarding psychiatric disorders, most common disorder was ADHD in 27.38%, ASD in 23.81% and both in 10.71%. ID was found in 20.24% study subjects. Early onset of seizure was associated with more psychiatric disorders.Conclusions: Neuropsychiatric manifestations of TSC are diverse and often are poorly addressed. The most commonly found disorders in this study were ADHD, ASD and ID. Early onset of seizure was associated with the psychiatric disorders in TSC.
Health risk behaviour among adolescent students in higher secondary school of Kathmandu metropolitan city, Nepal
Authors: Shah Sanjaya Kumar , Duwal Shree Laxmi , Shah Richa , Bhatta Ramesh , Karki Rajesh , Chaudhary Anil 
Published: May 2021

Background: Health-risk behaviours are those activities that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, disability, and social problems among youth and adults, often are established during childhood and adolescence, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. The objective of the study was to assess health risk behaviours and their influencing factors among adolescent students in higher secondary school of Kathmandu metropolitan city.Methods: The study was a school based cross-sectional quantitative type. The study was conducted in three government schools of Kathmandu metropolitan city, Nepal. The purposive sampling technique was applied to select total 250 respondents from grade 11 and 12. The self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection.Results: Study shows that majority of respondents were between aged 17-20 years, 62.4% were female and 76.8% from Hindu religion. Out of the total respondents, 6.4% smoked cigarettes, 18.4% drank alcohol and 6.8% used drugs. Regarding Initiation risk behaviour, 25% first smoked, 32.6% first drank alcohol and 11.76% first used drug at age <14 years (pre-adolescence). The major influencing factor for involving health risk behaviours are peer pressure (70.58%) followed by their curiosity (29.42). Likewise, this study revealed highly association between risk behaviours of respondents and peer pressure.Conclusions: Despite the widespread of knowledge about negative effect of health risk behaviours, the prevalence is of smoking, drinking alcohol and drug use is higher. There is urge need of initiation and activities regarding health risk behaviour targeting to preadolescents and adolescents’ students.
Health systems strengthening: assessing the influence of organizational factors of community health volunteers on use of community based health information systems in selected counties, Kenya
Authors: Mambo Susan N. , Odhiambo-Otieno George W. , Ochieng’-Otieno George , Mwaura-Tenambergen Wanja 
Published: May 2021

Background: WHO places health information as a key pillar of an effective health system (HS). HS strengthening has become a key focus of many nations. A paradigm shift from being disease specific focus to holistic strengthening of pillars of a HS. Kenya’s functionality of CbHMIS (community based health information systems) stands at 55% down from 64% in year 2015, majorly contributed to by organization of community health volunteers (CHVs) work. The aim was to establish influence of organizational factors of CHVs on CbHMIS use in Kenya.Methods: A cross-sectional design which employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches was used. Kiambu, Kajiado and Nairobi counties formed the study location. A systematic random sample of 366 respondents was drawn. Multistage sampling was used to identify the community units (CUs). Ethical clearance was obtained from KEMU, ethics and research committee (SERC), national commission for science, technology and innovation (NACOSTI) gave a research permit. 3 FGDs and 6 KIIs were conducted. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 to generate univariate and bivariate analysis at p<0.05 significance level. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Results were presented in form of graphs, tables, figures and narration.Results: Use of CbHMIS stood at 56.6%. Organizational factor explains 39.9% (R2=0.399) of total variations in the use of CbHMIS. Organizational factors of the CHVs were found to positively and significantly influence use of CbHMIS.Conclusions: Organizational factors influences use of CbHMIS by CHV. Government/partners to build CUs capacity on sustainable resource mobilization strategies.
Knowledge, burden and coping strategies among caregivers of thalassemic children attending thalassemia day care centre of selected hospital, Jodhpur
Authors: . Pushpa , Rani Raj , Nebhinani Mamta 
Published: May 2021

Background: Thalassemia is a blood disorder characterized by the reduction or absence in the synthesis of the globin chains of hemoglobin. Nearly 10% of children suffering from Thalassemia are being registered as new cases every year in Rajasthan. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, burden and coping strategies among caregivers of thalassemic children.Methods: Data were collected from 150 caregivers of thalassemic children selected by purposive sampling technique at Umaid hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Data collection tool included self-structured knowledge questionnaire, Burden scale and Structured Brief COPE scale.Results: Equal numbers 36% and 35.33% of caregivers were having poor and good level of knowledge respectively, knowledge levels of the subjects were found to have significant association with monthly family income (p value=0.000), education (p value=0.007) and place of living (p value=0.000). 74.3% of caregivers reported moderate level of burden. Burden levels of the subjects were found to have significant association with Monthly family income (p value=0.000), and place of living (p value=0.000). Adaptive coping strategies were more evident as compare to maladaptive strategies. Conclusions: Knowledge was significantly lacking regarding diet management, benefits of exercise, role of iron chelation therapy etc. Continuous care of children put caregivers under moderate level of burden. There is great need to plan, implement health awareness programme for these caregivers.
A real world retrospective analysis of comparison of effectiveness and safety of mometasone furoate and fluticasone propionate in the management of eczema and dermatitis
Authors: Dhoot Dhiraj , Kharkar R D , Mahajan Harshal , Barkate Hanmant 
Published: May 2021

Contact dermatitis is one the commonest dermatological condition which is managed by topical corticosteroids. Mid potent topical corticosteroids are commonly prescribed but there is no any comparative data between mometasone furoate and fluticasone propionate in the management of dermatitis.A real world retrospective study was conducted across India to compare the clinical assessment of mometasone 0.1% cream and fluticasone 0.005% cream in the management of contact dermatitis at 236 dermatology clinics.A data of 1106 patients were included in this analysis in which 598 were included in mometasone group while 508 in fluticasone group. At the end of 2 weeks, 216 patients (36.1%) in mometasone and 129 patients (25.4%) in fluticasone group achieved complete clearance of symptoms (p&#60;0.05). Additionally, in mometasone group, 354 patients (59.2%) were found to achieve improvement whereas 293 patients (57.7%) achieved the same in fluticasone group. On further sub group analysis on aggravating factors, it was found that, mometasone was statistically significant in relieving symptoms of dermatitis due to artificial jewellery, detergent and occlusive foot ware than fluticasone. Moreover, mometasone demonstrated significant results in physician and patient global assessment as well. Patients in both groups tolerated therapy well.Both, mometasone furoate and fluticasone propionate were effective and safe in treatment of eczema/dermatitis. But mometasone furoate had shown significantly better effectiveness as compared to fluticasone in all predisposing factors for the disease.
A prospective study of clinical spectrum of cutaneous adverse drug reactions and their incidence in Indian population
Authors: Malhotra SK , Kaur Baljit , Kaur Inderpal 
Published: May 2021

Making the diagnosis of a drug-induced reaction requires familiarity with the clinical patterns as the current understanding of the disease processes is not enough to explain about apparently similar pathological mechanisms generating different clinical patterns. Therefore, it remains useful and relevant to overlay a pathological understanding with a clinical classification. This study concentrated on observing and documenting the clinical presentation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR) encountered in patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate causality, severity and preventability of Dermatological ADRs.: To study morphological types of CADR and their incidence in Indian population Method: A prospective, observational study was carried out over a period of one year at Out Patient Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Amritsar with diagnosed CADRs. The suspected ADRs were evaluated for causality by Naranjo’s Probability scale and severity by Hartwig and Siegel scale.Total 54 patients were enrolled. The incidence of CADR was 0.09%. Most commonly manifested ADR was fixed drug eruption (FDE) i.e. 35.2%. Maximum incidence of dermatological ADRs were observed with antimicrobial agents (39%) followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) (24%). Naranjo’s Probabilty scale showed most cases of probable (68.5%) ADRs were of moderate severity (90.7%).Awareness about CADR is essential for early detection, management of patients and drug safety. The healthcare system can promote the spontaneous reporting of dermatological ADR to Pharmacovigilance centers for ensuring safe drug usage and patient care.
Relative efficacy and safety of intralesional measles mumps rubella vaccine (MMR) and intralesional vitamin D in multiple and recalcitrant verrucae vulgaris
Authors: Malhotra SK , Mittal Niharika , Raj Singh Navyug 
Published: May 2021

Verrucae or Warts are the viral infection of skin and mucosae caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Destructive modalities are the mainstay of treatment. They can have their own shortcomings like pain, infection, scarring and recurrence. To overcome these, immunotherapy is the emerging modality.To study the relative efficacy and safety of intralesional Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine and intralesional Vitamin D in the treatment of multiple and recalcitrant verruca vulgaris.50 patients with multiple (&#62;5) and recalcitrant warts were enrolled and divided randomly into two groups (Group A and Group B): In Group A, 25 patients were injected 0.3ml MMR vaccine whereas in Group B, 25 patients were injected 0.5ml Vitamin D injection after achieving anaesthesia with 0.2ml injection Lignocaine into the largest wart at 2 weeks interval until complete clearance or for maximum of 3 injections whichever was earlier. Patients were followed up fortnightly for 12 weeks.In Group A, 19 (76%) patients showed Grade IV, 2 (8%) patients had Grade III, 3 (12%) patients had GII and only 1 (4%) patient had Grade I improvement. In Group B on the other hand, 15 (60%) patients showed Grade IV, 4 (16%) patients had GIII, 4 (16%) patients had Grade II and 2 (8%) patients had Grade I improvement. None of the patients developed new lesions in both groups.Both the immunotherapeutic treatments are safe, economic and less traumatic to the patients as compared to the destructive procedures for the treatment of warts.
Correlation of hypocalcaemia with severity and type of psoriasis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Maheswari Anshu , Dutta Bornali 
Published: May 2021

Psoriasis is a common dermatological disorder with many risk factors including low calcium levels. The improvement of psoriasis with calcium and Vitamin D3 analogues can implicate a role of calcium levels in triggering or aggravating psoriasis by controlling the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes.The objective is to study the calcium levels in various types of psoriasis and to find any correlation between calcium levels and severity of psoriasis.Cross sectional observational studySerum calcium and albumin levels of all psoriatic patients meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed. PASI score was calculated for patients with psoriasis vulgaris.SPSS software, version 21.0 was used. Chi-square test used for significance of study parameters on categorical scale [significance was assessed at 5% level of significance] and Pearson test was used to find correlation.The study included 206 patients of various forms of psoriasis over the period of 1 year, with males outnumbering females. Hypocalcaemia was found in 18.45% of patients, with significant association of hypocalcaemia in psoriasis vulgaris, pustular psoriasis and erythroderma. A moderately strong negative correlation was found between severity of psoriasis vulgaris and serum calcium levels.Association of hypocalcaemia with severe forms of psoriasis can indicate the role of oral or dietary supplements to correct serum calcium levels to prevent the progression of mild, stable forms of disease to severe forms and thus provide a better outcome.
Extração assistida por ultrassom de compostos Fenólicos da casca de bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata)
Authors: Marques Bruno , Santos Luan , Silva Gisele , Martins Vilásia Guimarães Martins 
Published: May 2021

A palmeira de bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata) é uma espécie nativa das florestas tropicais, comumente encontrada no cerrado brasileiro, onde, o interesse econômico é voltado à exploração de seus frutos. A casca da bocaiuva representa 20% da massa total do fruto e pode ser considerada como um resíduo de grande potencial alimentar devido à presença de compostos bioativos. A técnica de ultrassom é amplamente aplicada em processos de extração, de modo a reduzir o tempo e custo de extração dos compostos bioativos de matriz vegetal. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a influência do tempo de extração dos compostos fenólicos da casca de bocaiuva aplicando a técnica assistida de ultrassom. Para isso, as cascas da bocaiuva foram secas e moídas em mesh 42, homogeneizadas em álcool etílico 50%, obtendo os extratos fenólicos a partir da exposição da mistura em um banho ultrassônico em diferentes tempos de extração (15, 30, 45 e 60 min). Os extratos foram avaliados quanto aos teores de compostos fenólicos totais e, a atividade antioxidante, determinada pelos métodos de ABTS e DPPH. Assim, foi observado que o extrato obtido em 45 min de exposição ao ultrassom apresentou maior teor de compostos fenólicos (5,46 mg EAG.g-1) e, consequentemente, atividades antioxidantes de 83,89 mg TEAC.g-1 e 99,24 mg TEAC.g-1 pelos métodos ABTS e DPPH, respectivamente. A partir dos resultados obtidos neste estudo, foi possível determinar que o tempo ideal para a extração de compostos fenólicos da casca de bocaiuva por meio do ultrassom é de 45 min.
Palavras-chave: Compostos bioativos. Atividade antioxidante. Resíduo de alimentos. Biodiversidade.