bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ipmr: Flexible implementation of Integral Projection Models in R
Authors: Levin Sam C. , Childs Dylan Z. , Compagnoni Aldo , Evers Sanne , Knight Tiffany M. , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Integral projection models (IPMs) are an important tool for studying the dynamics of populations structured by one or more continuous traits (e.g. size, height, body mass). Researchers use IPMs to investigate questions ranging from linking drivers to population dynamics, planning conservation and management strategies, and quantifying selective pressures in natural populations. The popularity of stage‐structured population models has been supported by R scripts and packages (e.g. IPMpack, popbio, popdemo, lefko3) aimed at ecologists, which have introduced a broad repertoire of functionality and outputs. However, pressing ecological, evolutionary and conservation biology topics require developing more complex IPMs, and considerably more expertise to implement them. Here, we introduce ipmr, a flexible R package for building, analysing and interpreting IPMs.

The ipmr framework relies on the mathematical notation of the models to express them in code format. Additionally, this package decouples the model parameterization step from the model implementation step. The latter point substantially increases ipmr's flexibility to model complex life cycles and demographic processes.

ipmr can handle a wide variety of models, including those that incorporate density dependence, discretely and continuously varying stochastic environments, and multiple continuous and/or discrete traits. ipmr can accommodate models with individuals cross‐classified by age and size. Furthermore, the package provides methods for demographic analyses (e.g. asymptotic and stochastic growth rates) and visualization (e.g. kernel plotting).

ipmr is a flexible R package for integral projection models. The package substantially reduces the amount of time required to implement general IPMs. We also provide extensive documentation with six vignettes and help files, accessible from an R session and online.
External labour market competitions and stock price crash risk: evidence from exposures to competitor CEOs’ award‐winning events
Authors: Li Leye , Lu Louise Yi , Wang Dongyue 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines whether chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) external labour market competitions affect their firms’ stock price crash risks. Using CEOs’ exposure to the prestigious media‐award‐winning events of competitor CEOs, we document a significant increase in stock crash risk for firms with award‐exposed CEOs, compared with firms without such CEOs, and this treatment effect is attenuated by strong external monitoring and a high‐quality information environment, yet exacerbated by CEOs’ similarity with award winners and likelihood of winning the award. We further find that withholding bad news, risk taking and financial misreporting are the possible channels through which competitor CEOs’ award events affect stock price crash risk. Our study sheds new light on the formerly under‐researched adverse effects of CEO awards by suggesting that external labour market competition associated with CEO awards plays an important role in influencing extreme downside risk in the equity market.
Cold treatment: an effective post‐harvest disinfestation treatment for Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) in ‘gold3’ kiwifruit
Authors: Balagawi Solomon , Archer John , Cruickshank David , Cruickshank Christine , Barchia Idris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQueensland fruit fly (Qfly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), is a major quarantine pest of fresh horticultural commodity along the eastern coastal region of Australia and restricts market access of its host commodity. Consequently, various post‐harvest disinfestation treatments are used to facilitate trade and one such treatment for Qfly is ‘cold disinfestation’. Our study evaluated the effect of cold storage as a post‐harvest disinfestation treatment for Qfly on ‘gold3’ kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. gold3‐sungold), a cultivar grown in New Zealand. Qfly is not present in New Zealand but due to its close proximity to Australia, New Zealand's trading partners have shown concern that Qfly presents a biosecurity risk to their own industry. Our study specifically aimed to demonstrate how this risk would be addressed. Experiment 1 investigated developmental rate of the individual life stages of Qfly in ‘gold3’ kiwifruit under optimal Qfly development conditions of 26 ± 1°C and 65 ± 5% rh, while experiment 2 focused on determination of the most cold tolerant life stage of Qfly in ‘gold3’ kiwifruits. Experiment 3 was a large‐scale confirmatory trial undertaken using the most cold tolerant life stage. The results revealed that Qfly successfully developed in ‘gold3’ kiwifruit and that the most‐cold tolerant Qfly life stage was the 1st instar. Our study further demonstrated that storage of ‘gold3’ kiwifruit at 2.5°C (fruit temperature) for a period of ≥12 days resulted in zero Qfly survival. The large‐scale verification trial treated 61,412 first instar and confirmed that storage of ‘gold3’ kiwifruit at 2.5°C for a 14‐day period resulted in 99.9951% mortality of first instar at the 95% confidence level, hence demonstrating a probit 8.7 level of efficacy. A 14‐day cold storage period was used in this confirmatory trial to ensure additional quarantine security. We recommend that if there was any Qfly infestation on ‘gold3’ kiwifruit, a post‐harvest quarantine treatment of cold storage at 2.5°C (fruit temperature) for a 14‐day period must be used to disinfest Qfly from ‘gold3’ kiwifruit.
Transient hypertriglyceridaemia associated with propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangioma
Authors: Farshchian Mehdi , Potts Geoffrey A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a case of a one‐month‐old female patient with severe hypertriglyceridaemia as a side effect of treating an ulcerating infantile hemangioma with systemic propranolol. The remarkedly rapid increase in triglyceride returned to normal 96 hours after the discontinuation of the medication, and further follow‐up revealed normalisation of the lipid profile. Further research is necessary to unveil the association of systemic propranolol with hypertriglyceridaemia.
Knowing Animals: Multispecies Ethnography and the Scope of Anthropology
Authors: Hartigan John 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTMultispecies ethnographic projects are venturing “beyond the human” (Kohn 2013), but how far can they go and remain anthropological? The answer depends on whether such projects align with the surge of ethological research on animal cultures. Based on my fieldwork on wild horses in Galicia, Spain, I make a case for an ethologically informed ethnography that extends cultural analysis to other social species. In this project, I used ethological techniques of direct observation but analyzed the results using Erving Goffman's concepts of face, footing, and civil inattention. My analysis inverts Clifford Geertz's classic study of the Balinese cockfight by making horse sociality the center of analysis, rather than regarding these animals as representations of human status concerns. I argue that this approach can be usefully applied across the range of taxa that evince culture, particularly those caught up in conservation efforts. In developing this claim, I draw on ethnoprimatologists’ efforts to synthesize multispecies ethnography with ethological methods and perspectives. [multispecies ethnography, animal cultures, ethology]
Successful risk stratification of a patient with ventricular preexcitation by improved transesophageal electrophysiological study
Authors: Qin Chao , He Tao , Li Shuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe patient is a 19 years‐old man who often wakes up in dreams with palpitations and fatigue. The ECG shows: 1. Sinus rhythm; 2. Preexcitation syndrome. Transesophageal electrophysiological study (TEEPS) diagnosis:High‐risk accessory pathway. During radiofrequency catheter ablation, the patient suddenly developed atrial fibrillation and quickly converted to ventricular fibrillation. After defibrillation, ventricular fibrillation is transformed into sinus rhythm. Subsequently, the patient's high‐risk accessory pathway was successfully ablated. Studies have shown that about 25% of patients with WPW syndrome have a refractory period of less than 250 ms, which is one of the risk factors for the conversion of atrial fibrillation to ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, risk stratification is recommended for these symptomatic patients. From 1980 to 1990, there were literature reports on risk stratification of patients with preexcitation syndrome by TEEPS. But it has not become a routine examination of risk stratification in patients with preexcitation syndrome.The reason may be related to the hardware conditions and risk stratification methods used at that time. The TEEPS equipment currently used in our hospital can control the pacing voltage at about 12 mv on average. The voltage in this case report is 9 mv only. In addition, we successfully stratified the risk of patient with preexcitation syndrome without inducing atrial fibrillation. All the electrophysiological records of the patient during the examination were recorded simultaneously with the 12‐lead ECG and the esophageal lead ECG. These improvements makes TEEPS a simple, safe and reliable non‐invasive cardiac electrophysiological detection technology, which is worth popularizing in hospitals.
Risk prediction score and appendicectomy in the elderly: a single centre 5‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Farkas Nicholas , Harris Holly , Conroy Michael , Kenny Ross , Bickford Benjamin , Baig Mirza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAppendicitis is a common surgical emergency that can be a challenging entity to manage. In the elderly, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Risk prediction is not routinely performed prior to surgery.MethodsAll patients aged >65 years undergoing appendicectomy over 5 years from one NHS Trust were included. Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system (ASA grade), Rockwood score, type of surgery, length of stay, morbidity and 90‐day mortality were recorded. ACS NSQIP was retrospectively calculated. Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were conducted, assessing correlation between ASA, Age, Rockwood Score and ACS NSQIP with length of stay and post‐operative complications.ResultsA total of 225 patient cases were reviewed. A complication rate of 29.3% was recorded, with a 6.7% serious complication rate. Two mortalities occurred. ASA, Age, Rockwood and NSQIP scoring systems all showed low degree positive correlation with length of stay (+0.16–+0.34). As predictors of length of stay, ASA was superior. Rockwood and age showed low degree positive correlation (+0.25–+0.33) with post‐operative complications. NSQIP and ASA demonstrated a greater degree of correlation (+0.38–+0.40).ConclusionBoth ASA and ACS NSQIP appear superior indicators for outcomes compared to age and Rockwood score. However, caution is warranted when interpreting the superiority of ASA over validated risk stratification tools. Therefore, we advocate the use of pre‐operative risk stratification for elderly patients undergoing low‐risk surgery such as appendicectomy. Validated tools are not routinely applied in many centres currently. Utilisation of scores such as ACS NSQIP may help improve consent, patient selection, outcomes and expectations.
Dependent radius marks of Laguerre tessellations: a case study
Authors: Stoyan Dietrich , Beneš Viktor , Seitl Filip 
Published: July 2021

SummaryWe study a particular marked three‐dimensional point process sample that represents a Laguerre tessellation. It comes from a polycrystalline sample of aluminium alloy material. The ‘points’ are the cell generators while the ‘marks’ are radius marks that control the size and shape of the tessellation cells. Our statistical mark correlation analyses show that the marks of the sample are in clear and plausible spatial correlation: the marks of generators close together tend to be small and similar and the form of the correlation functions does not justify geostatistical marking. We show that a simplified modelling of tessellations by Laguerre tessellations with independent radius marks may lead to wrong results. When we started from the aluminium alloy data and generated random marks by random permutation we obtained tessellations with characteristics quite different from the original ones. We observed similar behaviour for simulated Laguerre tessellations. This fact, which seems to be natural for the given data type, makes fitting of models to empirical Laguerre tessellations quite difficult: the generator points and radius marks have to be modelled simultaneously. This may imply that the reconstruction methods are more efficient than point‐process modelling if only samples of similar Laguerre tessellations are needed. We also found that literature recipes for bandwidth choice for estimating correlation functions should be used with care.
Hydroxycarbamide treatment reduces transcranial Doppler velocity in the absence of transfusion support in children with sickle cell anaemia, elevated transcranial Doppler velocity, and cerebral vasculopathy: the EXTEND trial
Authors: Rankine‐Mullings Angela , Reid Marvin , Soares Deanne , Taylor‐Bryan Carolyn , Wisdom‐Phipps Margaret , Aldred Karen , Latham Teresa , Schultz William H. , Knight‐Madden Jennifer , Badaloo Asha , Lane Adam , Adams Robert J. , Ware Russell E. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryEXpanding Treatment for Existing Neurological Disease (EXTEND) investigated whether hydroxycarbamide lowers transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities in Jamaican children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and elevated TCD velocity with or without previous stroke. Forty‐three children (age 2–17 years) with baseline maximum time‐averaged mean velocity (TAMV) ≥ 170 cm/s were stratified into three risk categories based on treatment status and stroke history: Group 1 (no history of stroke, on hydroxycarbamide, n = 12); and Groups 2 (no stroke, no hydroxycarbamide, n = 21) and 3 (previous stroke, no hydroxycarbamide, n = 10). Open‐label hydroxycarbamide at 20 mg/kg/day was commenced, with escalation to maximum tolerated dose (MTD) based on mild marrow suppression (average dose 25·4 ± 4·5 mg/kg/day). TCD was performed every six months with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at baseline and after 18‐months of hydroxycarbamide. The maximum TAMV decreased significantly compared to baseline (24 ± 30 cm/s, P < 0·0001), with similar declines in all groups. Clinical stroke occurred in five children, one in Group 1, none in Group 2, and four in Group 3, P = 0·0032, comparing group incidence rates. Brain MRI/MRA was stable in children without clinical stroke. EXTEND documents the feasibility and benefits of hydroxycarbamide at MTD to lower TCD velocities and reduce stroke risk in children with SCA and no history of primary stroke in low‐resource settings without transfusion management.
Multiregional sequencing and circulating tumour DNA analysis provide complementary approaches for comprehensive disease profiling of small lymphocytic lymphoma
Authors: Moia Riccardo , Favini Chiara , Ferri Valentina , Forestieri Gabriela , Terzi Di Bergamo Lodovico , Schipani Mattia , Sagiraju Sruthi , Andorno Annalisa , Rasi Silvia , Adhinaveni Ramesh , Talotta Donatella , Al Essa Wael , De Paoli Lorenzo , Margiotta Casaluci Gloria , Patriarca Andrea , Boldorini Renzo L. , Rossi Davide , Gaidano Gianluca 
Published: July 2021

SummaryWe aimed at molecularly dissecting the anatomical heterogeneity of small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), by analysing a cohort of 12 patients for whom paired DNA from a lymph node biopsy and circulating cells, as well as plasma‐circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) was available. Notably, the analyses of the lymph node biopsy and of circulating cells complement each other since a fraction of mutations (20·4% and 36·4%, respectively) are unique to each compartment. Plasma ctDNA identified two additional unique mutations. Consistently, the different synchronous sources of tumour DNA complement each other in informing on driver gene mutations in SLL harbouring potential prognostic and/or predictive value.
Genetically predicted insulin‐like growth factor‐I in relation to muscle mass and strength
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveInsulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) has been associated with muscle status in animal‐ and population‐based studies. We conducted a Mendelian randomisation study to assess the causality of the associations of IGF‐I with muscle strength and mass.Design and PatientsGenetic variants associated with serum IGF‐I at genome‐wide significance in the UK Biobank study (358,072 individuals of European descent) were selected as instrumental variables. Summary‐level data on the associations of those variants with muscle weakness (low‐grip strength) and muscle mass (fat‐free body mass) were available from a meta‐analysis of 22 genome‐wide association studies including 46,596 cases and 209,927 noncases and genome‐wide association analysis in 155,961 individuals from the UK Biobank study, respectively. The univariable and multivariable inverse‐variance weighted methods were used.ResultsHigher genetically predicted IGF‐I levels were associated with a reduced risk of muscle weakness and increased muscle mass. For one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted IGF‐I levels, the odds ratio was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88, 0.97; p = .001) for muscle weakness and the change was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.79; p < .001) kg for muscle mass. In the multivariable model with adjustment for genetically predicted height, the associations were attenuated but persisted for both muscle weakness (odds ratio: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.99; p = .015) and muscle mass (change: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.40; p = .001).ConclusionThis study suggests that high IGF‐I levels may decrease the risk of muscle weakness and loss.
Liver microphysiological platforms for drug metabolism applications
Authors: Kulsharova Gulsim , Kurmangaliyeva Akbota 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrug development is a costly and lengthy process with low success rates. To improve the efficiency of drug development, there has been an increasing need in developing alternative methods able to eliminate toxic compounds early in the drug development pipeline. Drug metabolism plays a key role in determining the efficacy of a drug and its potential side effects. Since drug metabolism occurs mainly in the liver, liver cell‐based alternative engineering platforms have been growing in the last decade. Microphysiological liver cell‐based systems called liver‐on‐a‐chip platforms can better recapitulate the environment for human liver cells in laboratory settings and have the potential to reduce the number of animal models used in drug development by predicting the response of the liver to a drug in vitro. In this review, we discuss the liver microphysiological platforms from the perspective of drug metabolism studies. We highlight the stand‐alone liver‐on‐a‐chip platforms and multi‐organ systems integrating liver‐on‐a‐chip devices used for drug metabolism mimicry in vitro and review the state‐of‐the‐art platforms reported in the last few years. With the development of more robust and reproducible liver cell‐based microphysiological platforms, the drug development field has the potential of reducing the costs and lengths associated with currently existing drug testing methods.
Pancreas transplantation perceptions and practice: Results from a national US survey
Authors: Parsons Ronald F. , Matar Abraham , Lentine Krista L. , Woodside Kenneth J. , Singh Neeraj , Alhamad Tarek , Basu Arpita , Cabeza Rivera Franco H. , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Romeo Giulio , Rao Swati , Kensinger Clark D. , Parajuli Sandesh , Sultan Samuel , Tantisattamo Ekamol , Pavlakis Martha , Cooper Matthew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to a substantial decline in pancreas transplantation (PT) across the United States over the past 15 years, we sought to understand the perceptions and practices of US PT programs.MethodsSurveys were sent to members of the American Society of Transplantation Surgeons and the American Society of Transplantation by email and professional society postings between August 2019 and November 2019.ResultsOne hundred twenty three responses were recorded from 56 unique programs. Program characteristics were obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Respondents were transplant surgeons (71%), transplant nephrologists (17%), trainees (9%), and allied professionals (3%). Programs were defined according to annual volume as: low (<5 PT/year), intermediate (6–20), or high (>20). High‐volume programs reported that these factors were most important for increased PT: expansion of recipient selection, more aggressive donor utilization, and hiring of PT program‐specific personnel. At both the program and national level, the vast majority (82% and 79%, respectively) felt the number of PTs currently performed are not in balance with patients' needs.ConclusionsOverall, programs reported that the option of PT is not offered adequately to diabetic patients and that strategies to maintain higher PT volume are most evident at intermediate, and especially, high‐volume programs.
Outcomes of pregnancy in simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant recipients: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Punjala Sai Rithin , Phillips Benedict Lyle , Chowdhury Paramit , Pile Taryn , Karydis Nikolaos , Kessaris Nicos , Olsburgh Jonathon , Harding Kate , Callaghan Chris J. , Nelson‐Piercy Catherine , Drage Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSimultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplantation, in uremic women with insulin‐dependent diabetes, increases the chance of a successful pregnancy and minimizes the risk to infants. The aim of this study was to document pregnancy and explore the challenges in this cohort of women. Retrospective analysis of women who underwent pancreas transplantation between January 1, 1998 and 8 January, 2019 was conducted. Seventeen pregnancies were identified in 13 women. Mean transplant‐to‐pregnancy interval was 4.6 years (range, 1.1–10.2 years). Eleven pregnancies resulted in live birth (65%), and six (35%) ended in miscarriage/fetal loss at a median gestational age of 8.5 weeks. Mean gestational age at delivery was 34.9 weeks (SD ±3 weeks). Preeclampsia and C‐section rates were 77% and 67%, respectively. Adverse fetal and graft outcomes were observed in 100% of unplanned pregnancies, compared to 10% of planned pregnancies (P < .001). One kidney allograft was lost during pregnancy; one pancreas and two kidney allografts were lost within 3 years of pregnancy. This is a high‐risk group for grafts and offspring. Pre‐pregnancy planning is vital. A multidisciplinary approach by obstetric and transplant teams is important pre‐pregnancy, antenatally, and peripartum. This is the largest published series of pregnancies in SPK recipients from a single center.