bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of Microbial Communities in Two Long-term Ice-covered Freshwater Lakes in the Subarctic Region of Yakutia, Russia
Authors: Zakharova Yulia Robertovna , Bashenkhaeva Maria Victorovna , Galachyants Yuri Pavlovich , Petrova Darya Petrovna , Tomberg Irina Victorovna , Marchenkov Artyom Mikhailovich , Kopyrina Liubov Innokentyevna , Likhoshway Yelena Valentinovna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although under-ice microbial communities are subject to a cold environment, low concentrations of nutrients, and a lack of light, they nevertheless take an active part in biogeochemical cycles. However, we still lack an understanding of how high their diversity is and how these communities are distributed during the long-term ice-cover period. Here we assessed for the first time the composition and distribution of microbial communities during the ice-cover period in two subarctic lakes (Labynkyr and Vorota) located in the area of the lowest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere. The diversity distribution and abundance of main bacterial taxa, and the composition of microalgae, varied by time and habitat. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing method revealed, in general, a high diversity of bacterial communities where Proteobacteria (~59%) and Actinobacteria (~11%) prevailed. There were significant differences between the communities of the lakes: Chthoniobacteraceae, Moraxellaceae, and Pirellulaceae were abundant in Lake Labynkyr, while Cyanobacteria, Oligoflexales, Ilumatobacteraceae, and Methylacidiphilaceae were more abundant in Lake Vorota. The most abundant families were evenly distributed in April, May and June their contribution was different in different habitats. Moraxellaceae, Ilumatobacteraceae dominated in April in the water column, while Sphingomonadaceae dominated both in water column and on the ice bottom. In May, the number of Comamonadaceae increased and reached the maximum in June, while Cyanobacteria, Oxalobacteraceae and Pirellulaceae followed. We found a correlation of the structure of bacterial communities with snow thickness, рН, total nitrogen concentration, and conductivity. We isolated psychrophilic heterotrophic bacteria both from dominating and minor taxa of the communities studied. This allowed for specifying their ecological function in the under-ice communities. These findings will advance our knowledge of the under-ice microbial life.
Measuring Mental Wellness Among Adolescents Living With A Physical Chronic Condition: A Systematic Review of the Mental Health and Mental Wellbeing Instruments
Authors: Orth Zaida , Wyk Brian van 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, promoting mental health and wellbeing among adolescents has become a public health priority, especially for adolescents living with a chronic condition (CC) as research suggests they may be more at risk of developing mental health co-morbidities. Valid and reliable instruments are needed to measure and better understand mental health and mental wellbeing among adolescents living with a CC. To this end, we reviewed studies reporting on mental health and well-being instruments used in adolescent populations living with a chronic physical condition/disease globally.Methods: We used a systematic review method guided by PRISMA to identify assess mental health and mental wellbeing instruments used in adolescents living with a CC. In this instance, mental health instruments were defined as those representing negative domains of mental health (i.e. depression and anxiety) while mental wellbeing instruments included positive aspects of mental health (i.e. self-concept and resilience). Results: We identified 22 articles, which include 31 instruments that were used to measure either mental health (n= 8) or mental wellbeing (n= 15) or both (n=8) in adolescents living with a CC. Of these, thirteen studies used a Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) scale to measure mental health and/or mental well-being; and three studies used. The KIDSCREEN questionnaires and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were identified as being frequently used across the 22 studies. Additionally, 7 out of the 31 instruments were disease specific, with 3 focusing on adolescents with diabetes. All the instruments were developed in high income countries and adapted for use in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (n=7) and HIV (n=4) were researched in 11 out of 22 studies. Only eight studies were conducted in LMIC, of which four were in Africa. Conclusions: The findings suggest that HRQoL instruments seem to be useful in measuring mental health - and wellbeing in adolescents living with a CC. Relatively few valid measures of mental health and mental wellbeing for adolescents living with a CC exist generally, which confirms the paucity of research on mental health and mental well-being of adolescents who are living with a CC. There is a need for measures to be developed in LMIC where cultural contexts differ greatly and affects well-being in unique ways.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020186707
Effects of cranioplasty in cerebral blood perfusion using quantification with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT-CT
Authors: Galiana Álvaro , Paredes Igor , Ruiz Sebastián , Alén José Antonio Fernández , Grande Adolfo Gómez , Panero Irene , Vega Diana , García Daniel , Gutiérrez Elena , Romero Carmen , Lagares Alfonso , Tabuenca María José 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PURPOSE: SSFS is an underdiagnosed complication of craniectomized patients, which mainly presents with headache, motor weakness, and cognitive impairments. In these patients, cranioplasty improves these symptoms. Furthermore, patients without a classical SSFS have been shown to improve their neurological functions after reconstructive surgery. Amongst the many different pathophysiological theories proposed, the changes of CBP caused by the cranial defect might have a role in the neurological deficiencies. We have studied CBP in twelve cortical areas of both hemispheres, using 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT-CT before and after cranioplasty.METHODS: Twenty-eight craniectomized patients subject to reconstructive surgery were studied with 99mTc- HMPAO in three different times, before cranioplasty, a week after, and three months later. The images were processed with quantification software comparing CBP of 24 cortical areas with a reference area , and with a database of normal individuals. A mixed effects model was used to determine the signification of CBP changes in the cortex regions of both the damaged and undamaged brain hemispheres.RESULTS: CBP increased significantly in both hemispheres after cranioplasty both in ratio (β=0.019 p-value=0,030 first post-surgical SPECT-CT and β=0.021 p-value=0,015 in the second study, vs. pre-surgical) and Z-score (β=0.220 p-value=0,026 and β=0.279 p-value=0,005 respectively). Nine of twelve areas of the damaged side had a significant lower CBP ratio and Z-score than the undamaged. Posterior cingulate showed an increased CBP ratio (p-value=0,034) and Z-score(p-value0,028) in the first post-surgical SPECT-CT.CONCLUSION: CBP changes significantly in specific cortical areas after cranioplasty, which might explain the clinical improvements observed. Posterior cingulate changes might explain some improvements in attention impairments described. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT-CT might be a valid tool to assess CBP changes in these patients and could have a role in the management of craniectomized individuals.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATIONNot applicable
Overcoming the Technical Challenges of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Affected by Hereditary Multiple Exostoses: Our Experience Managing the Bone Deformities
Authors: Cammisa Eugenio , Alesi Domenico , Meena Amit , Lullini Giada , Zaffagnini Stefano , Muccioli Giulio Maria Marcheggiani 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Hereditary multiple exostoses (MHE), also known as familiar osteochondromatosis or diaphyseal aclasis, is an autosomal dominant inherited genetic pathology that is characterized by the presence of multiple benign osteochondromas (exostoses). Knee deformity is common in patients with HME, with nearly a third of patients developing genu valgus. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been used to correct valgus deformities with advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA). However concomitant limb deformities and altered anatomy of the knee make this surgery particularly challenging.Case presentation: We present the case of a 50 years old Caucasian woman, affected by multiple hereditary exostoses, who came to our attention for progressive pain in the right knee. Upon further examination the knee had a prominent valgus alignment, concomitant valgus instability and flexion contraction. The patient was treated with one stage total knee arthroplasty using a semi-constrained design. The patient was re-evaluated at 24 months follow-up and there were no signs of implant loosening, the knee function improved significantly and the patient was very satisfiedConclusions: We also present a mini-review of the literature on this topic. Given the recurring technical difficulties of such procedure in these patients, we describe our experience as well as the need for preoperative planning, the use of appropriate constrain when required, the high frequency of ligament instability, bony defects, and patellar maltracking. TKA must be considered when necessary, in these patients, as good to excellent clinical results can be achieved and maintained, allowing for significant improvements in quality of life.
Functional Traits on Cavity-nesting Birds in Subtropical Andean Forest: Response to Logging Activity and Comparing with American Temperate Forests
Authors: Schaaf Alejandro A. , Gomez Daniela , Tallei Ever , Vivanco Constanza G. , Ruggera Román A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Logging causes changes in habitat structure, which can potentially lead to variations in taxonomic and functional richness of biodiversity. In this paper, we examined how logging in subtropical Andean forests has influenced taxonomic and functional diversity of cavity-nesting birds. We used point-counts to examine the effects of logging on taxonomic and functional traits of avian communities (Functional Richness, Functional evenness, Functional Divergence, and Community-weighted mean). We found that logging changes bird richness and abundance, although it had no effect on the functional response to the measured traits. The comparison of our results with those of temperate forests of Canada and Chile reveals differences in the functional richness, with a lower impact of logging on functional traits. We highlight the importance of including functional traits in the analyses, since the reduction in the species richness and abundance may not translate into functional changes within the ecosystem.
Role of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Acquired Resistance to Cdk4/6 Inhibitor in Breast Cancer
Authors: Kumar Binayak , Prasad Peeyush , Singh Ragini , Sahu Ram Krishana , Singh Ashutosh , M Srikrishna Jayadev , Hedau Suresh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors (Abemaciclib, Ab and Palbociclib, Pb) stop the G1-phase in cell-cycle being used to cure advanced stage of breast cancer (BC). Acquired resistance is a major challenge in BC therapy. The molecular signature of the therapy resistance for Ab and Pb drugs in BC should be explored. Here, we developed Ab/Pb-resistant cell-models and explored the molecular changes. Drug’s resistance cells were developed in MCF-7 cells by continuous drug treatment and it was confirmed by MTT-assay, PI-staining-microscopy, and real-time-qPCR. Global proteome profiling done by Labelled-free-Proteome-Orbitrap-Fusion-MS-MS technique. Bioinformatics tools used to analyse the proteome data. Ab-resistant and Pb-resistant MCF-7 cells showed increased tolerance for the respective drug. The BCL-2 and MCL-1 survival genes were up-regulated, while the apoptosis genes BAD, BAX, CASP-3 and PARP-1were down-regulated in the resistant cells. Expression of the MDR-1, ABCG2, ESR-1, CDK4, CDK6, and Cyclin-D1 genes were increased in both resistance cells. For proteomics, 237 and 239 proteins were expressed differently in the resistant Ab and Pb cells, respectively. The NUDT5, PEPD, ABAT, ATP1B1, GGCT, and SELENBP1 proteins were down-regulated and the SBSN, HSD17B10, CD9, PDIA3, PSMB4, SLC2A1, and VTN proteins were up-regulated in Ab-resistant cells. The NUDT5, PEPD, and GGCT proteins were down-regulated, while CD47, HIST1H2BN, LMNA, VTN, PSMB5, HBB, PSMA7, FLNB, PRDX4, VDAC1, GOT2, HSPA5, SERPINH1, EIF4A2, FTH, and VIM proteins were up-regulated in Pb-resistant cells. These proteins are a new set of prognostic markers and drug targets for overcoming the respective drug resistance. However, it is necessary to perform an in vivo or clinical assessment.
A pan-cancer transcriptomic study showing tumor specific alterations in central metabolism
Authors: Sheraj Ilir , Guray Tulin , Banerjee Sreeparna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in metabolic rewiring of tumors to identify clinically relevant genes. However, most of these studies have had either focused on individual tumors, or are too general, providing a broad outlook on overall changes. In this study, we have first curated an extensive list of genes encoding metabolic enzymes and metabolite transporters relevant to carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation and biosynthesis. Next, we have used publicly available transcriptomic data for 20 different tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) and focused on differential expression of these genes between tumor and adjacent normal tissue. Our study revealed major transcriptional alterations in genes that are involved in central metabolism. Most tumors exhibit upregulation in carbohydrate and amino acid transporters, increased glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, and decreased fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. On the other hand, the expression of genes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaplerotic reactions and electron transport chain differed between tumors. Although most transcriptomic alterations were conserved across many tumor types suggesting the initiation of common regulatory programs, expression changes unique to specific tumors were also identified, which can provide gene expression fingerprints as potential biomarkers or drug targets. Our study also emphasizes the value of transcriptomic data in the deeper understanding of metabolic changes in diseases.
Resolving sub-micrometer-scale zonation of trace elements in quartz using TOF-SIMS
Authors: North Ryan , Tanner Dominique , Nancarrow Mitchell , Pasic Bozana , Mavrogenes John A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Quartz is abundant in the Earth’s continental crust and persistent throughout the geological record. Trace element signatures in silica minerals can be used to infer processes operating in magmatic and hydrothermal systems. Conventional analyses of trace elements in silica minerals are limited by either spatial or mass resolution [e.g., wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-X-ray fluorescence, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)]. Time-of-flight SIMS (TOF-SIMS) is a relatively new technique for geological applications and provides both high spatial and mass resolution. This minimally destructive, in situ technique rapidly acquires a full suite of elements down to tens of nanometers depth. No previous study has utilized TOF-SIMS to analyze quartz or silica. Four samples of silica minerals representing distinct environments in a magmatic-hydrothermal system were characterized with optical microscopy and qualitative cathodoluminescence (CL), quantitatively analyzed for trace elements with a 157 nm LA-ICP-MS, and qualitatively mapped for trace elements using TOF-SIMS. The novel technique produced maps of trace element distribution in silica minerals to a maximum resolution of 65 nm and consistently resolved light elements (including Li) to 195 nm. That makes this study the highest resolution geochemical characterization of silica minerals and places it among the highest resolution analyses by TOF-SIMS, or any technique, for that matter. TOF-SIMS isotope maps differentiate trace elements hosted in nano- and micro-inclusions from lattice incorporation in quartz and cryptocrystalline silica—an impossibility for lower resolution techniques, allowing insights into cations substituting for Si4+ in the crystal lattice and their role in activating CL in low-temperature epithermal quartz. Further development of this technique could see TOF-SIMS become a routine tool for measuring diffusion profiles in a range of other geological materials. Quantification of TOF-SIMS would revolutionize mineral characterization, especially given its temporal efficiency and low-sampling volume.
Xuite, Ca3Fe2[(Al,Fe)O3(OH)]3, a new mineral of the garnet group: Implications for the wide occurrence of nanominerals
Authors: Lee Seungyeol , Guo Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Xuite, Ca3Fe2[(Al,Fe)O3(OH)]3, is a new member of the garnet supergroup discovered in basaltic scoria from Menan Volcanic Complex, Idaho, U.S.A. Oxidation of Fe-bearing pyroclasts at high temperatures led to the formation of xuite, together with luogufengite, valleyite, and hematite. The measured crystal size of xuite ranges from ~200 to 800 nm. The empirical chemical formula of xuite is (Ca0.92Mg0.08)3(Fe0.96Ti0.04)2[(AlO4H)0.44(FeO4H)0.33 (SiO4)0.05(☐O4H4)0.18]3. Xuite has a space group of Ia3d; its unit-cell parameter refined from high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) data is a = 12.5056(5) Å, with Z = 8 (calculated density = 3.53 g/cm3). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum of xuite shows absorption bands at 3682 and 3579 cm−1, indicating the presence of OH– in the hydrogarnet structure. In situ high-temperature synchrotron XRD combined with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry reveals that xuite undergoes dehydroxylation to form brownmillerite (Ca2FeAlO5) from ~236 to ~396 °C. Xuite occurs in the form of nanocrystals with a soft magnetic property, which provides important insights into the origin of basaltic scoria and associated paleomagnetism. Xuite was also found in Wyoming paralava, suggesting the possibility of its wide occurrence in various geological environments. The mineral was named after Huifang Xu and Hongwu Xu in honor of their sustained contributions to mineral sciences.
Prediction of the phenol removal capacity from water by adsorption on activated carbon
Authors: Galdino Ana Luísa , Oliveira José C. A. , Magalhaes Madson L. , Lucena Sebastião M. P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Despite the improvement in understanding the structure of the activated carbons, the procedure for developing new carbonaceous materials suitable for the removal of phenolic compounds is still largely based on trial and error. Until now, there have been no predictive models to assist in the selection or synthesis of these adsorbents. Here, we apply molecular simulation to better understand the pore size–adsorption relationship in activated carbons. We simulated a set of phenol isotherms for different carbon pore sizes (8.9, 18.5, and 27.9 Å), named representative pores. The pore size of 8.9 Å is the most efficient in removing diluted phenol in water and was most effective at concentrations of 1.6 × 10−5 mol/L. The other pores are effective at concentrations of three orders of magnitude above this. A predictive approach for phenol removal capacity, based in the representative pore methodology, was proposed and validated for commercial activated carbon. Moreover, we present evidence that this method can be extended to other phenolic compounds.
Calibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable BOD5 measurement in wastewater
Authors: Khamis K. , Bradley C. , Gunter H. J. , Basevi G. , Stevens R. , Hannah D. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reliance on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) as an indicator of wastewater quality has hindered the development of efficient process control due to the associated uncertainty and lag-times. Surrogate measurements have been proposed, with fluorescence spectroscopy a promising technique. Yet, assessment of in-situ fluorescence sensors across multiple wastewater treatment plants (WwTPs), and at different treatment stages, is limited. In this study a multi-parameter sonde (two fluorescence peaks, turbidity, temperature and electrical conductivity) was used to provide a BOD5 surrogate measurement. The sonde was deployed at three WwTPs, on post primary settlement tanks (PST) and final effluent (FE). Triplicate laboratory measurements of BOD5, from independent laboratories were used to calibrate the sensor, with high variability apparent for FE samples. Site and process specific sensor calibrations yielded the best results (R2cv = 0.76–0.86; 10-fold cross-validation) and mean BOD5 of the three laboratory measurements improved FE calibration. When combining PST sites a reasonable calibration was still achieved (R2cv = 0.67) suggesting transfer of sensors between WwTPs may be possible. This study highlights the potential to use online optical sensors as robust BOD5 surrogates in WwTPs. However, careful calibration (i.e. replicated BOD5 measurements) is required for FE as laboratory measurements can be associated with high uncertainty.
Natural Thiazoline-Based Cyclodepsipeptides from Marine Cyanobacteria: Chemistry, Bioefficiency and Clinical Aspects
Authors: Dahiya Rajiv , Dahiya Sunita , Fuloria Neeraj Kumar , Jankie Satish , Agarwal Alka , Davis Vernon , Sahadeo Vijaya , Radhay Vishal , Ramsubhag Yashoda , Mullings Wellecia , Langford Zachary , Bedassie Zekiel , Fuloria Shivkanya 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Peptides and peptide-based therapeutics are biomolecules that
demarcate a significant chemical space to bridge small molecules with biological therapeutics,
such as antibodies, recombinant proteins, and protein domains.

Introduction:
Cyclooligopeptides and depsipeptides, particularly cyanobacteria-derived
thiazoline-based polypeptides (CTBCs), exhibit a wide array of pharmacological activities
due to their unique structural features and interesting bioactions, which furnish them
as promising leads for drug discovery.

Methods:
In the present study, we comprehensively review the natural sources, distinguishing
chemistries, and pertinent bioprofiles of CTBCs. We analyze their structural peculiarities
counting the mode of actions for biological portrayals which render CTBCs as
indispensable sources for emergence of prospective peptide-based therapeutics. In this
milieu, metal organic frameworks and their biomedical applications are also briefly discussed.
To boot, the challenges, approaches, and clinical status of peptide-based therapeutics
are conferred.

Results:
Based on these analyses, CTBCs can be appraised as ideal drug targets that have
always remained a challenge for traditional small molecules, like those involved in protein-
protein interactions or to be developed as potential cancer-targeting nanomaterials.
Cyclization-induced reduced conformational freedom of these cyclooligopeptides contribute
to improved metabolic stability and binding affinity to their molecular targets.
Clinical success of several cyclic peptides provokes the large library-screening and synthesis
of natural product-like cyclic peptides to address the unmet medical needs.

Conclusion:
CTBCs can be considered as the most promising lead compounds for drug
discovery. Adopting the amalgamation of advanced biological and biopharmaceutical
strategies might endure these cyclopeptides to be prospective biomolecules for futuristic
therapeutic applications in the coming times.