bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN KEKUATAN TANAH ORGANIK DENGAN PENCAMPURAN EMPAT JENIS LIMBAH RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Febrian Aldo , Prihatiningsih Aniek 
Published: December 2021

Waste is one of the problems in Indonesia. Based on the Ministry of the Environment, each person produces an average of 0.8 kg of waste per day. The average waste per person will increase in line with the increase in people's welfare and lifestyle. Assuming 220 million Indonesians, waste reaches 176,000 tons per day. Accompanied by increasing population growth, the need for infrastructure development on land is increasing. Soils that is often used for construction land is organic soil. It has low soil bearing capacity values and soil improvement methods are commonly used. The general method usually is to mix the soil with better bearing capacity. To minimize costs, a physical stabilization system is carried out that can use soil improvement methods with waste. This can deal with 2 problems at once, where there is the use of certain types of waste and also the planning of organic soil stabilization with small carrying capacity. By doing a triaxial test on organic soil by mixing 4 different types of waste, it shows that the best waste mixture that can affect the bearing capacity of the soil in sequence is coconut husk, tile fragments, construction demolition debris, and chicken egg shells. ABSTRAKLimbah merupakan salah satu permasalahan di Indonesia, Berdasarkan informasi Kementerian lingkungan Hidup, setiap orang menghasilkan rata-rata 0,8 kg sampah per hari. Rata-rata limbah per orang akan meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya kesejahteraan dan gaya hidup masyarakat. Dengan asumsi 220 juta penduduk Indonesia, limbah mencapai 176.000 ton per hari. Diiringi dengan peningkatan pertumbuhan penduduk, maka kebutuhan pembangunan infrastruktur di lahan tanah semakin bertambah. Salah satu tanah yang sering dipakai untuk lahan konstruksi adalah tanah organik. Tanah organik memiliki nilai daya dukung tanah yang rendah dan biasa dilakukan metode perbaikan tanah. Metode umum yang biasa dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan pencampuran tanah dengan daya dukung yang lebih baik. Untuk memperkecil biaya maka dilakukannya sistem stabilisasi fisik yang bisa menggunakan metode perbaikan tanah dengan limbah. Hal ini bisa menangani 2 masalah sekaligus, dimana adanya pemanfaatan dari jenis limbah tertentu dan juga perencanaan stabilisasi tanah organik dengan daya dukung kecil. Dengan melakukin uji triaksial pada tanah organik dengan mencampurkan 4 jenis limbah berbeda menunjukan bahwa campuran limbah terbaik yang bisa mempengaruhi daya dukung tanah secara berurutan adalah sabut kelapa, pecahan genteng, puing pembongkaran konstruksi, dan cangkang telur ayam.
Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy and Ostracoda Paleoecology of Hartha Formation from Balad (1) well, Central Iraq
Authors: Al-Badrani Omar Ahmed , Hassan Faris Nejris , Al-Hadeedy Mahfoudh Abdulla 
Published: December 2021

Seventeen samples of Hartha Formation in Balad (1) well, central Iraq, are studied on the basis of stratigraphic ranges of the recorded calcareous nannofossils for twenty species belonging to twelve genera. The studied section reveals three biozones arranged from oldest to youngest as follows; (1) Calculites ovalis Interval Biozone (CC19), (2) Ceratolithoides aculeus Interval Biozone (CC20), (3) Quadrum sissinghii Interval Biozone (CC21). These Biozones are correlated with other calcareous nannofossils biozones from both local and regional sections, leading to conclude the age of the Middle Campanian.
Rerecorded eighteen ostracode species that belong to eleven genera are identified, all of which were previously recorded from Iraq and adjacent regions. The occurrence of these species leads to conclude a continental shelf environment, while they are typical of inner shelf-outer shelf depth.
A un año de la pandemia COVID 19: ¿Cómo están los recursos hídricos?
Authors: Milla Pino Manuel Emilio , Torres Cruz María Marleni , Rojas Milla Cristian Jesús 
Published: December 2021

<p>El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar el estado actual de los recursos hídricos habiendo transcurrido un año desde que se decretó el estado de emergencia generado por la pandemia COVID 19, desarrollando los siguientes aspectos, recursos hídricos antes de la pandemia, medidas implementadas durante la pandemia, metodología de valoración de impactos ambientales e impactos de las medidas implementadas durante la pandemia en los recursos hídricos. Se tomó como base la metodología expuesta por Conesa (1997), de la cual se seleccionaron cinco criterios, específicamente, naturaleza, intensidad, extensión, momento y sinergia, y estos fueron aplicados a las cinco medidas de mayor restricción implementadas durante la pandemia COVID 19, obteniéndose como resultados que la medida con mayor puntaje es el cierre temporal de fronteras con 100 y la medida con menor puntaje es llevar mascarilla con 38,75. Mientras que el puntaje total es 356,25, que se traduce en una moderada incidencia en los recursos hídricos.</p>
Marginalization and social exclusion of Evangelical Masurians and Germans: The case of post-war Ełk County
Authors: Marcinkiewicz Stefan Michał 
Published: December 2021

The article presents the post-war history of Evangelical population: Germans and Masurians in Ełk county. For this purpose, archival sources and biographical interviews were used. Interviews with the inhabitants of the county were collected as part of two oral history projects carried out by the "Museum for Ełk" Association in 2013-2015.The historical context is complemented by the available literature. One third of post-war Poland consisted of the territories being the part the Third Reich before the World War II, where a considerable part of population were Germans. Masurians formed a borderland group that became the reason of conflict between the Polish and the German. In the first half of the 20th century, both as a result of the nationalistic discourse and the assimilation pressure, most of them declared to maintain German identity. After the war, Masurians were present in the public space of Ełk county as a minority group. There was the inflow of population of the eastern territories of the Second Republic of Poland and people from central Poland. The small Evangelical church in Ełk in Słowackiego street was often filled with the faithful. Numerous processes and phenomena of social marginalization, exclusion and displacements resulted in nearly entire disintegration of Masurian and Evangelical community. The number of the faithful in Evangelical community proves it- there are nearly 150 people and only few of them feel Masurian origin. In the post-war vision of future Poland nationally and religiously homogenous state was believed to be an ideal solution.
360-surgery for a giant cervical chordoma with involvement of the right vertebral artery
Authors: Molina-Martínez Rodolfo Pedro , Medina-Illueca Venus Damaris , Betancourt-Quiroz Carlos , Vega-Moreno Daniel Alejandro , Moral-Naranjo Andrés Alberto , Vicuña-González Rosa María , Llamas-Ceras Martha Leticia , Reyes-Rodríguez Víctor Andrés , Hernández-Reséndiz Rodrigo Efraín , la Torre Abraham Ibarra-de , García-González Ulises 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Chordomas are malignant tumors that arise from the remnants of the notochord. Complete en bloc radical resection with postoperative radiation therapy is currently considered the gold standard. Here, we performed a 360-staged approach to manage a C3-C4 chordoma that involved the right vertebral artery.

Case Description:
A 40-year-old woman presented with a C3-C4 chordoma that invaded the right vertebral artery. She responded well to a circumferential approach including resection and stabilization.

Conclusion:
A 40-year-old woman with a C3-C4 spinal chordoma was optimally managed with a combined anterior/posterior surgical approach including decompression/fusion.
Microvascular proliferation in the clots: The key finding of acute subdural hematoma transforming into chronic subdural hematoma?
Authors: Watanabe Aito , Tsutsumi Satoshi , Nonaka Senshu , Ishii Hisato 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Despite extensive investigations, the exact etiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) remains elusive. Organized CSDHs are a distinct but less-understood type of CSDH.

Case Description:
A 50-year-old hypertensive woman experienced headache without any previous head injury. At presentation, the patient showed no focal neurological deficits. Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed a slightly compressive subdural hematoma that spontaneously regressed and no intracranial vascular lesions. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging identified a non-enhancing nodular lesion in the subdural hematoma. After the patient presented disorientation and aphasia on post hospitalization day 14, CT showed a considerable enlargement of the subdural hematoma. Partial removal of the bi-layered hematoma was performed through a parietal craniotomy. Histological examination revealed microvascular proliferation in both the outer membrane and the nodular lesion. On postoperative day 35, CT demonstrated a remarkable resolution of the residual hematoma.

Conclusion:
Development of microvascular proliferation in the clots of an acute subdural hematoma may lead to its rapid enlargement as an organized CSDH. Organized CSDH can be managed by partial removal of the outer membrane and hematoma through a craniotomy.
Too Little, Too Late: The Constraining Effect of Traditional Peacekeeping Norms On the UN Protection Forces and its Consequences
Authors: Franken Avery 
Published: December 2021

During the Bosnian War (1992-1995), despite the efforts of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), thousands of lives were lost in heinous attacks on Bosnian Muslims, perpetrated mostly by Bosnian Serbs. Using a constructivist approach, this paper investigates why the United Nations (UN) failed in their mandate to protect the Bosnian people. To do so, it examines the deeply entrenched norms that have traditionally guided UN peacekeeping – namely, impartiality and non-use of force. By tracing the key events that defined the UN’s involvement in this conflict in relation to existing theoretical models of norm emergence and evolution, the paper finds that the UN’s strict adherence to these principles significantly contributed to their failure to achieve their objectives. This is evidenced by the limited capacity of the UN peacekeepers during the conflict, the swift improvement of conditions following the replacement of UNPROFOR with the NATO-led Implementation Force, and the developments within the UN that ensued in the following years. The paper concludes with potential implications of these findings and suggestions for further research.
Технології та засоби організації системи технічного обслуговування
Authors: Аксютенко Ігор Сергійович , Аксютенко Поліна Сергіївна 
Published: December 2021

Зростання глобальної конкуренції призвело до помітних змін у способах роботи виробничих компаній. Ці зміни вплинули на технічне обслуговування і зробили його роль ще більш важливою для успіху бізнесу. Щоб залишатися конкурентоспроможними, виробничі компанії мають постійно підвищувати ефективність своїх виробничих процесів. Те, що технічне обслуговування стає все більш важливим для промислового сектору, очевидно з поточних обговорень національних програм індустріалізації. При цьому, незважаючи на зростаючий попит на надійне виробниче обладнання, деякі компанії-виробники займаються розробкою стратегічного обслуговування. Крім того, традиційних стратегій технічного обслуговування, таких як реактивне технічне обслуговування, більше недостатньо для задоволення промислових потреб, наприклад, як максимальне скорочення відмов і втоми виробничих систем.
У цій статті наведено аналіз стратегій технічного обслуговування. Їх огляд спрямований на те, щоб вказати на важливість незапланованих простоїв, які можуть статися під час роботи обладнання на виробничому підприємстві. Для підтримки працездатного стану машини було розроблено різні стратегії технічного обслуговування, серед яких найбільш популярними є реактивне технічне обслуговування, планово-профілактичне обслуговування і обслуговування на основі технічного стану. Метод прогнозованого стану більш ефективний для технічного обслуговування складних і відповідальних машин, але планово-профілактичне обслуговування залишається найбільш поширеною програмою технічного обслуговування.
Climatic Conscience for Dwelling Design
Authors:   , Newmarch Emily 
Published: December 2021

<p>In New Zealand, our residential architecture is built off the pragmatic approach of the instinctive farmer, and the desire to dissolve the boundary between architecture and landscape. In the search to create the dream home, many have packed up their beach houses to setup camp in the alpine environment surrounding Queenstown, causing the population and construction demand in the area to rise rapidly. As a result the building’s thermal envelope is put under pressure to perform both pragmatically and poetically as it faces one of New Zealand’s most extreme environments to live in. However, when put into action a pragmatic approach, to create a warm, dry and healthy home, often confronts conflict with a poetic approach that priorities the building’s relationship with the landscape through high amounts of glazing to dissolve the boundary. In response, ‘Climate Conscience for Dwelling Design’ focused on the potential to exceed the minimum thermal envelope requirements, whilst actively engaging with the relationship between architecture and its environment. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to explore the dialectic between pragmatic and poetic approaches to design. The theoretical framework, background research and a systematic investigation into design precedents aided in sculpting a series of strategies and criteria that were refined throughout the design process. A series of cabins simulated and tested the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology and early design investigations to streamline the overall design investigation. The developed design proposal builds off the aesthetic of an external structure to integrate the building with in its landscape, whilst removing the load-bearing requirements from the building’s thermal envelope. As a result the predicted amount of heating energy was reduced. The process of resolving the design continued to constructively build off both poetic and pragmatic approaches to develop critical building elements to the appearance, experience and performance. As a speculative and simulated design, it hopes to become an example of how much potential there is for designers and architects to push boundaries with aesthetic and performance-based design decisions.</p>
Interlinked; A New Approach to Urban Expansion in Papamoa
Authors:   , Hinton Kerry 
Published: December 2021

<p>New Zealand cities are prone to poor urban planning and have a strong tendency to expand out into widespread suburbs, consuming the fertile farmland and natural landscapes that reside at the fringes of urban development. These types of greenfield development are rampant throughout New Zealand. Posed as the solution to housing issues and a growing population, these developments nullify and alienate the surrounding context. Low-density urban planning is particularly damaging with its maze of curving cul-de-sacs and dead-end streets resulting in an overly complex network with little to no central framework or hierarchy. This lack of internal infrastructure puts a significant strain on static infrastructure such as roads and public transport, which struggle to meet the needs of the end user. The aim of this research is to develop an alternative strategy for urban growth in Papamoa. Located in the Bay of Plenty, Papamoa is a regional community within the Tauranga city limits, currently experiencing unprecedented growth. Current projections show development in Papamoa will exhaust current land reserves by as early as 2028, requiring the development of additional land to the south in order to sustain demand. This research aims to respond to this issue by increasing density within the existing sprawl, specifically focusing on the site of Papamoa Plaza, the original retail centre of the area. By reducing the need for greenfield development and enabling better connectivity across the region, a shift in focus of the use of public space can revitalise the existing urban centre to the benefits of connectivity within urban design. Case studies and literature were reviewed in order to assess their viability within the New Zealand context and to identify key design elements that would be used. Criteria and guiding principles were developed using Assemblage Theory and Space Syntax. Existing developmental framework and growth trends were analysed during the research, then initial design goals and strategies were identified. Using this information, several schemes and approaches were developed. These were evaluated using ‘Space Syntax’ to establish levels and patterns of connectivity. A selection process of the most viable schemes was explored in detail. These were then broken into key components that were progressively developed to generate a range of different options, which were then reflected upon, assessed and, from this, the final scheme emerged.</p>
Craft, Detail & Quality
Authors:   , Peacocke Georgia 
Published: December 2021

<p>Over the past decade and even currently within New Zealand there have been quality issues within timber construction. My research proposes to address what these quality issues are both functionally, and aesthetically and how we can create a dialogue between craft, detail and quality. In residential architecture in New Zealand, the most common practice is timber stud framing or otherwise known as traditional platform framing. This construction type results in little variety throughout NZ as the vast majority is dominated by NZS:3604. This common platform framing can also create architecture that barely resembles the timber material. This research creates a framework to what will be a possible solution in exposing the details of timber joints, which in turn may prevent quality issues along with creating a crafted timber design. As a starting point for this research, it seemed appropriate to draw on traditional Japanese, European and Pacific construction techniques. These cultures have mastered the art of craft, and we in New Zealand could learn from this and reflect in contemporary practices in NZ. This could in turn create a solution which highlights the quality issues in construction of New Zealand residential architecture. Typically, in New Zealand platform framing construction, timber joint details are concealed. These concealed details are more prone to failure and so by exposing these, it can lead to improving quality of construction. Quality is, however, an elusive concept and this will become clear through an analysis of interviews with numerous builders, project managers, architects and of course the everyday user. These interviews define what they believe is the most common area of defect, and where quality can be improved. This research will therefore look at what system can be designed between the connections of architectural elements to focus on exposed refined details and joints. As these connection details are explored the definition of “craft” will become more defined, where it currently begins as examples of exposed, visible and readable detail. Taking place in a rural New Zealand environment in Raglan Waikato, the portfolio proposes a boutique hotel, with a scheme that demonstrates this newly proposed construction system as an alternative to platform framing. The role of the hotel design is merely a vehicle to apply and test the research. There are many implications that may be a factor in the conclusion of this research proposal, for example CLT timber accessibility and costs. However further outcomes will result in celebration and awareness of detailing which leads to improving quality of New Zealand timber architecture. This research explores turning traditional methods of construction into contemporary architecture using the technologies and material practices of today.</p>
Virtually Home - An Innovative Methodology for Identifying the Housing Needs of Marganalised Communities
Authors:   , Musson Marcus 
Published: December 2021

<p>Home is an experience universally sought after. It is a desire somehow and somewhere built into us as humans. Yet for marginalised groups understanding what makes ‘home’ is made difficult by various technical and cost barriers. This thesis proposes an innovative methodology – using immersive virtual reality technology coupled with 3D scanning processes, to facilitate an understanding of the meaning of home for both designers an marginalised groups. Several characteristics of virtual reality are explored through a review of literature to identify the potential application of this technology as an alternative method of spatial inhabitation. Concurrently, research exploring the meaning of home and existing qualitative methodologies are analysed to establish a methodological framework for use in the current work. A pilot study applying the proposed methodology, attempts to identify the potential of immersive virtual reality, as a tool to identify what makes home for participants in the context of their own homes. As such the data generated using this methodology informs a design solution applying the qualities of home identified. The methodology proposed enables a process for identifying how the intangible nature of home is expressed within the design of housing. As such it becomes possible for both architects and their clients to ‘see’ what makes home.</p>
LINKages
Authors:   , Lambert Caitlin 
Published: December 2021

<p>Currently, there is a negative trend in the way small New Zealand towns are developing, ignoring community values and a sense of identity. New Zealand, a country renowned for the beauty of its small towns and wild natural landscapes has also experienced a negative trend in small town developments. Coastal and rural settlements are growing and changing to cater for expansion while neglecting significant and unique character. These aspects hold a considerable amount of value concerning the identity of the town and what makes it unique to the community. Kapiti Coast, specifically Waikanae, is a place within the Greater Wellington Region of New Zealand which presents an ideal location populated mainly by retirees and elderly (50%) as well as young families (35%) seeking affordable housing. The landscape form is unique as it is composed of both an attractive coastal edge with proximity to a lush rural setting. The suburban town was once a cohesive region with an ‘Olde beach’ character that is now highly disjointed through infrastructure developments. The implementation of new highways combined with the continuous development of residential neighbourhoods has influenced a decline both socially and ecologically. This thesis investigation aims to explore how landscape architecture can re-inject values and character through design interventions within coastal environments. Highlighting unique elements within the coastal landscape while considering both the needs of younger and older generations, public space can be provided as a way to foster social cohesion and assist with future coastal town development.</p>