bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPETITIVENESS OF RUSSIAN TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS
Authors: Rocheva Olga A. , Zaripova Rimma S. , Morozova Irina G. , Khamidullina Fania R. 
Published: November 2021

The overall economic situation in the state is also important for the development of the NSR. First of all, it is necessary to note the negative impact of the decline in production volumes. A significant part of the production facilities were closed. The total volume of cargo traffic along the Northern Sea Route has decreased by four times.
Arctic ports are a weak link of the Northern Sea Route that does not meet modern requirements. These properties have been placed in trust by a number of owners who are currently unable to ensure the normal operation of these properties.
The purpose of the work: to study the general economic situation in the state is also important for the development of the NSR. To study the volume of cargo traffic along the Northern Sea Route.
The methodology of the work: a systematic approach and generalization; the authors ‘ own scientific and pedagogical experience; analytical and statistical methods of analysis.
Results: The Northern Sea Route is characterized by an increased importance for modern Russia. The interest of the whole world in the Northern Sea Route is connected with the fact that it is the most important transport route that ensures the development of the resources of the Arctic region, including fuel and energy, carrying out high-yield transit transportation, etc.
Scope of application of the results: it is advisable to apply the results obtained at the state level, there should be an awareness that one of the key tasks of our country at the present stage is the development of navigation in the Arctic Ocean.
The immune system
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: November 2021

This article considers the immune system. The reader is introduced to the immune system and how the body defends itself against infectious organisms, foreign cells and self-cells that have gone awry (such as, cancer cells). The article focuses on the organs of the immune system, and vaccination is briefly discussed. The healthcare assistant (HCA) and assistant practitioner (AP) must have an understanding of the immune system if they are to offer person-centred, safe and effective care and support to people. The article concludes with a glossary of terms and a set of questions intended to reinforce learning.
Implementing a surgical first assistant role into that of a clinical nurse specialist at an orthopaedic specialist hospital
Authors: Denton Amanda 
Published: November 2021

Background: Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) are experienced senior nurses with advanced clinical knowledge, communication and leadership skills and commonly take on extended roles to optimise care delivery within health and social care. Aim: To critically explore the experience of one clinical nurse specialist who undertook an enhanced qualification to become a surgical first assistant. Methods: A case-study approach based on Gibbs' reflective model is used to reflect on the experience, its benefits to patient care and the challenges and facilitators related to taking on advanced surgical roles. Findings: Long-term benefits can be achieved by investing in CNSs educated to hold the enhanced surgical first assistant qualification. Advanced roles enhance evidence-based service delivery, while also benefitting the clinical nurse specialist, the patient and the trust.
Optical hysteresis shape transformation using linear polarization components
Authors: Al Graiti Saif A. , Maywar Drew N. 
Published: November 2021

We provide a mathematical model to elucidate how a linear polarizer can be used to transform the shape of an optical-power hysteresis curve into the canonical counterclockwise (CCW) shape, clockwise (CW) shape, and upward-switching and downward-switching butterfly shapes. This transformation is possible for optical signals whose states of polarization also exhibit hysteresis. Critical to our model is a generalized Malus' law that accounts for elliptical input polarization as well as insertion loss, finite extinction ratio, and pass-axis orientation angle of the linear polarizer. The generalized Malus' law reveals that the transmittivity of the polarizer itself exhibits a bistable hysteresis curve, and this transmittivity acts on the input-power hysteresis curve to produce the variety of output-power shapes. Additionally, we model the optimization of the hysteresis contrast of the CCW and CW shapes, achieving 20 dB or more by using a polarization controller placed upstream of the polarizer. Modeling and experimental validation are carried out using a polarization-varying bistable signal generated by an anisotropic Fabry–Perot semiconductor optical amplifier, and the results are applicable to other nonlinear resonators and means of polarization-varying signal generation. This model can be used for the study, design, and optimization of a variety of sequential and combinational all-optical signal processing applications.
Diet impacts on the biological aspects of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled laboratory conditions
Authors: Ihsan Arbab , Khan Khalid Ali , Sagir Muhammad , Nawaz Ahmad , Fiaz Sajid , Yasmin Farkhanda , Rasheed Majeeda , Ali Habib , Shaheen Musarrat , Mahmoud Samy F. , Sayed Samy , Ur Rahman Shafeeq , Bilal Yasir , Ramzan Muhammad , Nazir Talha , Khan Shumaila , Waqas Muhammad Mohsin , Tayyib Muhammad , Hussain Fiaz , Ali Muhammad Yousaf 
Published: November 2021

Background
Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a native pest of Asia and preferably invasion on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop as a commendatory host plant. Commercially, G. hirsutum is known as white gold and is an important cash crop all over the globe. Limited studies were published to focus on certain dietary compositions against different cotton pests. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in the laboratory under controlled conditions (temperature: 27 ± 2°C and relative humidity: 60 ± 10%) to determine the impact of three different treatment diets (wheat germ meal, okra, and chickpea) on the biological aspects (lifetime, developmental period) of P. gossypiella.

Results
Results revealed that the shortest larval time of P. gossypiella was observed on the okra feed diet while the longest period was recorded on the wheat germ diet. Meanwhile, the pupation delay was noted on the wheat germ diet. The dietary influence was also observed on adult stages of female and male P. gossypiella (43.00 and 37.50 days respectively) and compared with a standard diet (56.50 and 52.50 days respectively). Furthermore, larval weighed more on the okra and chickpea diet followed by the wheat germ diet, whereas highest pupal weight was observed on the standard diet followed by the chickpea diet and okra diet.

Conclusion
Developmental parameters were significantly variant across all treatment diets, whereas the higher significant difference was reported on the okra diet. Therefore, the existing data of this study offers fruitful interventions for the future as a modified diet for large-scale and rapid mass production of P. gossypiella larvae.
Association of professional pre-qualifications, study success in medical school and the eligibility for becoming a physician: A scoping review
Authors: Erschens Rebecca , Herrmann-Werner Anne , Schaffland Tim Fabian , Kelava Augustin , Ambiel David , Zipfel Stephan , Loda Teresa 
Published: November 2021

Background
Literature, individual experiences and common considerations suggest that prior professional qualification can be an advantage for later career development. For instance, in Germany, professional pre-qualification has been honored by medical faculties in selection procedures for several years. However, a systematic evaluation of this relationship lacks. This scoping review summarizes existing literature and addresses the role of prior professional pre-qualifications on objective or subjective study success and the choice of a specialization.

Methods
The scoping review was performed oriented on the PRISMA guidelines. PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched for relevant studies that included data of medical students with and without professional pre-qualifications. To answer the underlying research questions, this scoping review also includes studies that examine professional pre-qualifications in association with non-cognitive "soft" criteria.

Results and further directions
1055 items were identified and reviewed by two independent reviewers with final 11 studies were included for this scoping review. The results of identified studies that report possible effects of prior pre-professional qualifications are inconclusive but suggest that prior professional qualifications tend not to have rather an advantage on study success. Medical school success for students with prior professional qualifications tended to be below average in the preclinical setting, and there were no differences in the clinical setting compared with students without prior professional qualifications. The influence of professional pre-qualifications has not yet been adequately studied without the moderator variable “waiting time” and “A-levels grade”. The scoping review indicates insufficient number of articles stating a co-relation of prior pre-qualifications and subjective data. Again, the results found are not sufficient to state a clear relationship between professional pre-qualifications and the choice of a specific speciality preference. However, professional pre-qualifications, both in medicine and as "practical experience in rural areas", tend to be beneficial for the choice of becoming a rural physician. Large-scale cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the influence of professional pre-qualifications on different study trajectory parameters.
Clinical impact of implementing a rapid-response team based on the Modified Early Warning Score in wards that offer emergency department support
Authors: Alves Silva Lorena Micheline , Moroço Diego Marques , Pintya José Paulo , Miranda Carlos Henrique 
Published: November 2021

Background
Emergency department (ED) crowding is a frequent situation. To decrease this overload, patients without a life-threating condition are transferred to wards that offer ED support. This study aimed to evaluate if implementing a rapid response team (RRT) triggered by the modified early warning score (MEWS) in high-risk wards offering ED support is associated with decreased in-hospital mortality rate.

Methods
A before-and-after cross-sectional study compared in-hospital mortality rates before and after implementation of an RRT triggered by the MEWS ≥4 in two wards of a tertiary hospital that offer ED support.

Results
We included 6863 patients hospitalized in these wards before RRT implementation from July 2015 through June 2017 and 6944 patients hospitalized in these same wards after RRT implementation from July 2018 through June 2020. We observed a statistically significant decrease in the in-hospital mortality rate after intervention, 449 deaths/6944 hospitalizations [6.47% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.91%– 7.07%)] compared to 534 deaths/6863 hospitalizations [7.78% (95% CI 7.17–8.44)] before intervention; with an absolute risk reduction of -1.31% (95% CI -2.20 –-0.50).

Conclusion
RRT trigged by the MEWS≥4 in high-risk wards that offer ED support was found to be associated with a decreased in-hospital mortality rate. A further cluster-randomized trial should evaluate the impact of this intervention in this setting.
Effects of a school-based intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors among secondary school students: A cluster-randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Amoah John , Said Salmiah , Rampal Lekhraj , Manaf Rosliza , Ibrahim Normala , Owusu-Agyei Seth , Poku Asante Kwaku 
Published: November 2021

Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number cause of death worldwide. In Ghana CVD has been the leading cause of death since 2001. The prevalence of CVD risk factors among adolescents in Ghana has been increasing. This study seeks to develop, implement and evaluate the effects of a behavioral modification intervention program to reduce CVD risk factors among secondary school students in Brong Ahafo, Ghana.

Methods
A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted with schools as clusters over a period of six-months with pre and post intervention evaluations. Participants were public secondary school students (14–19 years) from four schools in Brong Ahafo, Ghana. Students in the intervention group were trained by the researchers whereas those of the control group received no intervention. The intervention included health education and physical activity modules. Follow-up data using same questionnaire were collected within two weeks after the intervention was completed. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed after replacing missing values using the multiple imputation method. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to assess the effects of the intervention study.

Results
The GLMM analyses showed the intervention was effective in attaining 0.77(p<0.001), 0.72(p<0.001), 0.47(p<0.001), 0.56(p<0.001), and 0.39(p = 0.045) higher total physical activity, fruits, vegetables, seafood, and water scores respectively for the intervention group over the control group. The intervention was also significant in reducing -0.15(p<0.001),-0.23(p<0.001),-0.50(p<0.001),-0.32(p<0.001),-0.90(p<0.001),-0.87(p<0.001),-0.38(p<0.001), -0.63(p<0.001), -1.63(p<0.001), 0.61(p<0.001), and -1.53(p = 0.005) carbohydrates, fats and oils, fried eggs, fried chicken, carbonated drinks, sugar, sweet snacks, salted fish, weight, BMI, and diastolic BP. The odds of quitting alcohol use in the intervention group were 1.06 times more than the control group. There was no significant effect on reducing smoking and systolic BP.

Conclusion
There is an urgent need for the intervention program to be integrated into the existing curriculum structure of secondary school schools. Implementing the intervention will allow for longer and more consistent impact on the reduction of CVD risk factors among secondary school students.
Inter- and intraobserver reliability of morphological Mutch classification for greater tuberosity fractures of the proximal humerus: A comparison of x-ray, two-, and three-dimensional CT imaging
Authors: Razaeian Sam , Askittou Said , Wiese Birgitt , Zhang Dafang , Harb Afif , Krettek Christian , Hawi Nael 
Published: November 2021

Background
The objective of this study was to investigate inter- and intraobserver reliability of the morphological Mutch classification for greater tuberosity (GT) fragments in consecutive proximal humerus fractures (PHF) regardless of the number of parts according to the Codman classification system for three different imaging modalities (plain radiographs, two-dimensional [2-D] computed tomography [CT], and reformatted, three-dimensional [3-D] CT reconstruction).

Materials and methods
One hundred thirty-eight consecutive PHF with GT involvement were identified between January 2018 and December 2018 in a supraregional Level 1 trauma center. GT morphology was classified by three blinded observers according to the morphological Mutch classification using the picture archiving and communication software Visage 7.1 (Visage Imaging Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Fleiss’ and Cohens’ kappa were assessed for inter- and intraobserver reliability. Strength of agreement for kappa (k) values was interpreted according to the Landis and Koch benchmark scale.

Results
In cases of isolated GT fractures (n = 24), the morphological Mutch classification achieved consistently substantial values for interobserver reliability (radiograph: k = 0.63; 2-D CT: k = 0.75; 3-D CT: k = 0.77). Moreover, use of advanced imaging (2-D and 3-D CT) tends to increase reliability. Consistently substantial mean values were found for intraobserver agreement (radiograph: Ø k = 0.72; 2-D CT: Ø k = 0.8; 3-D CT: Ø k = 0.76). In cases of multi-part PHF with GT involvement (n = 114), interobserver agreement was only slight to fair regardless of imaging modality (radiograph: k = 0.3; 2-D CT: k = 0.17; 3-D CT: k = 0.05). Intraobserver agreement achieved fair to moderate mean values (radiograph: Ø k = 0.56; 2-D CT: Ø k = 0.61; 3-D CT: Ø k = 0.33).

Conclusion
The morphological Mutch classification remains a reliable classification for isolated GT fractures, even with 2-D or 3-D CT imaging. Usage of these advanced imaging modalities tends to increase interobserver reliability. However, its reliability for multi-part fractures with GT involvement is limited. A simple and reliable classification is missing for this fracture entity.
Acknowledgments Networks in Accounting Scholarship: A Note
Authors: Andrikopoulos Andreas , Kostaris Konstantinos , Zounta Stella 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We explore social networks in accounting research. Our sample spans the 1996–2015 period and includes all research articles that were published in the Accounting Review, Journal of Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Accounting Organizations and Society, Review of Accounting Studies, and Contemporary Accounting Research. Employing social network analysis, we delineate and discuss the structure of scientific collaboration as it appears in the acknowledgments of published research articles. We identify the most central nodes in this nexus of intellectual partnership. Furthermore, we discover that acknowledgments constitute a small-world social network, with high average clustering coefficient and small average distance within a giant component which covers the biggest part of the acknowledgment network.
Identificación de una nueva mutación en el gen humano xantina causante de la xantinuria tipo I
Authors: Collazo Abal Cristina , Romero Santos Susana , González Mao Carmen , Pazos Lago Emilio C. , Barros Angueira Francisco , Castiñeiras Ramos Daisy 
Published: November 2021

Resumen

Objetivos
La xantinuria es una enfermedad rara, de herencia autosómica recesiva caracterizada por la presencia de hipouricemia y elevada excreción de xantina, provocada por el déficit de xantina deshidrogenasa/oxidasa (XDH/XO, EC: 1.17.1.4/1.17.3.2) en el tipo I, o por el déficit de XDH/XO y aldehído oxidasa (AOX, EC: 1.2.3.1) en el tipo II.

Métodos
Describimos una nueva mutación puntual en homocigosis en el gen XDH en un paciente con niveles muy bajos de ácido úrico en suero y orina y xantinuria. Aunque el paciente se encontraba asintomático, se objetivaron cálculos renales en las pruebas de imagen.

Resultados
Se detectaron otros casos en su familia, y se le hicieron recomendaciones dietéticas para prevenir futuras complicaciones.

Conclusiones
La xantinuria hereditaria es una patología infradiagnosticada, que se suele descubrir accidentalmente al detectar en un análisis rutinario la presencia de hipouricemia. Es importante que la medicina de laboratorio sepa orientar a los facultativos en su diagnóstico.
The importance of the self: using online diaries in the EFL classroom
Authors: Beseghi Micòl 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Learner journals, diaries, and logs have been used in a variety of learning contexts, including foreign language learning. This paper investigates how diary writing can be used in the EFL classroom to encourage students to express their identities through the language they are learning; it is also a way of supporting them in their quest for greater autonomy, with a view to exploring the interconnections between learner autonomy, learner self (L2 self), and learner emotions. More specifically, it will be shown how reflective writing – in the form of online diaries – can offer learners an important tool to explore their thoughts and emotions and reflect on their identity as learners and users of English. Moreover, diaries are a qualitative research tool for teachers and scholars, who can examine metacognitive and affective aspects of language learning. The paper reports a study conducted within a university English Language course, in which the students were encouraged to keep a reflective online diary throughout a semester. The analysis of their personal and expressive writing has shed light on their need to speak as themselves, not just as language learners, and to explore their emotions, both positive and negative. A final questionnaire has revealed that the students were generally positive about the activity, highlighting its usefulness in terms of learner autonomy, self-awareness, and self-regulation.
Thermal-strength analysis of a cross-flow heat exchanger and its design improvement
Authors: Konieczny Mariusz , Felkowski Łukasz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
After a year of the heat exchanger operation in overload conditions, a number of cracks on the tube connections to the tubesheet have been observed. To explain the stress concentration and crack initiation, a finite element analysis is performed. A three-dimensional model is constructed and analyzed. To calculate more precisely the state of stress in the most loaded regions, a submodel is created. The maximum stress exceeds the allowable stress, and according to the standards, it can lead to ratcheting. To reduce stress concentration, all tubes should be shortened and corrugated tubes are installed in the high-temperature region from the side of the burner. A finite element model of the modified heat exchanger and a submodel are created. In the modified heat exchanger, ratcheting should not occur according to the applied standards. During the operation of the modified heat exchanger, there are no further problems with cracking.
Asymptotic Properties of a Supercritical Branching Process with Immigration in a Random Environment
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Liu Quansheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This is a short survey about asymptotic properties of a supercritical branching process

(

Z
n

)

(Z_{n})

with immigration in a stationary and ergodic or independent and identically distributed random environment.
We first present basic properties of the fundamental submartingale

(

W
n

)

(W_{n})

, about the a.s. convergence, the non-degeneracy of its limit 𝑊, the convergence in

L
p

L^{p}

for

p
≥
1

p\geq 1

, and the boundedness of the harmonic moments

E
⁢

W
n

-
a

\mathbb{E}W_{n}^{-a}

,

a
>
0

a>0

.
We then present limit theorems and large deviation results on

log
⁡

Z
n

\log Z_{n}

, including the law of large numbers, large and moderate deviation principles, the central limit theorem with Berry–Esseen’s bound, and Cramér’s large deviation expansion.
Some key ideas of the proofs are also presented.
Design and Experimental Validation of Miniaturized Self-Triplexing Antenna Employing HMSIW
Authors: Althuwayb Ayman A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The design and experimental verification of miniaturized cavity-backed self-triplexing antenna (STA) with high-isolation employing half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) are presented in this work. The proposed STA is constructed by using HMSIW, an Y-shaped slot and three 50Ω feed lines. Three unequal radiating patches are generated by engraving an Y-shaped slot on the top surface of the HMSIW cavity to operate at 3.7/5.0/5.8 GHz for WiMAX/WLAN applications. The proposed STA allows to realize one of the operating band independently by keeping other operating band unaltered and vice-versa. The circuit area of STA is highly miniaturized due to the use of HMSIW cavity and loading of Y-shaped slot. The isolations between three ports are greater than 31 dB. The fabricated STA provides 5.5, 5.92 and 5.93 dBi peak gains at 3.7, 5.0 and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The efficiency of the STA is greater than 92% at all the frequency bands. The constructed STA has a front-to-back ratio of more than 23 dB and a separation of more than 21 dB between co-to-cross polarization levels. Fabrication and measurement are used to validate the intended STA.