bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metacognitive beliefs across eating disorders and eating behaviours: A systematic review
Authors: Palmieri Sara , Mansueto Giovanni , Ruggiero Giovanni Maria , Caselli Gabriele , Sassaroli Sandra , Spada Marcantonio M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiterature has pointed out a probable association between metacognitive beliefs and eating disorders. To date, no study has synthetized all research exploring the differences or similarities in metacognitive beliefs across different eating disorders diagnoses and eating problems.AimsTo review the evidence on metacognitive beliefs across the spectrum of eating disorders and eating behaviours.MethodA comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed and PsycInfo. The search terms used were: ‘eating disorders/anorexia/bulimia/binge eating disorder/binge eating’ AND ‘metacognitions/metacognitive beliefs’. A manual search of reference lists was also run.ResultsEleven studies were identified. Anorexia Nervosa was broadly characterized by higher levels of metacognitive beliefs compared to the general population, particularly negative beliefs about worry and beliefs about the need to control thoughts. Positive beliefs about worry were higher in Anorexia Nervosa compared to Bulimia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, and in Bulimia Nervosa compared to Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. Negative beliefs about worry were higher in Anorexia Nervosa compared to Bulimia Nervosa. Cognitive self‐consciousness was higher in Anorexia Nervosa compared to Bulimia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.ConclusionsMetacognitive beliefs appear to be implicated in eating disorders and eating behaviours.
Predicting change through individual symptoms and relationship distress: A study of within‐ and between‐person processes in couple therapy
Authors: Tilden Terje , Ulvenes Pål , Zahl‐Olsen Rune , Hoffart Asle , Johnson Sverre Urnes , Wampold Bruce E. , Håland Åshild Tellefsen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn couple therapy clients often suffer from a blend of individual psychiatric symptoms as well as severe relational distress. However, research is inconclusive on whether relational change predicts symptom change or vice versa. Because answers to this question could have important clinical implications on what to focus on in couple therapy at which time in treatment, more research is recommended.MethodIn this study, data collected before every therapy session were used to test whether changes in relational functioning predicted symptom functioning or vice versa. The study used a multilevel modelling approach, and the variables of interest were disaggregated into within‐ and between‐person effects.ResultsThe results indicated that if an individual improved more than expected on relational functioning, this predicted more improvement than expected on individual symptoms. No significant reciprocal relationship was found between these variables.ConclusionsThe clinical implication is discussed, suggesting that an emphasis on relational improvement seems to be an important mechanism during couple therapy that may facilitate the change on individual symptoms in the long run.
‘Someone on my level’: A Meta‐Ethnographic Review of Therapeutic Relationships in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Psychosis
Authors: Pipkin Alastair , Hogg Lorna , Armitage Sarah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesCognitive Behavioural Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) demonstrates variable and at times mild to moderate effect sizes; thus, its therapeutic processes are important to explore. Establishing a secure therapeutic relationship is one such key process where barriers may exist, including those related to psychotic symptoms and associated stigma. This review synthesizes the available qualitative research pertaining to the experience of the therapeutic relationship from the perspective of those experiencing psychosis.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken using PRISMA guidelines. Search terms included variants of ‘psychosis’, ‘therapy’ and ‘qualitative’. PsycInfo, CINAHL, EmBase, MedLine and Web of Science were searched, and reference lists were hand‐scanned. Yardley's quality appraisal tool was utilized and Noblit and Hare's seven‐stage process for conducting a meta‐ethnographic review. A line‐of‐argument synthesis is presented.ResultsFourteen papers were identified using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twelve papers were deemed to have satisfactory quality. The line‐of‐argument synthesis used attachment theory to propose four semi‐distinct stages to establishing a therapeutic relationship: beginning; safety, hope and trust; the practicalities of therapy; and branching out. Findings suggest that the therapist's persona and use of CBTp techniques such as collaboration and shared agency over the process were important in establishing for the patient a sense of self as normal, equal and worthwhile.ConclusionsAttachment security may be an important strand of CBTp and warrants further research and clinical investigation as a process and an outcome. Future research can benefit from increased transparency regarding researcher positionality as a potential source of bias.
Winter cereal responses to dose and application timing of trinexapac‐ethyl
Authors: Subedi Maya , Karimi Rezvan , Wang Zhijie , Graf Robert J. , Mohr Ramona M. , O'Donovan J. T. , Brandt Stu , Beres Brian. L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTrinexapac‐ethyl (TE) is a plant growth regulator commonly used in cereal production systems. It retards plant growth by inhibiting gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis, thereby reducing the risk of stem lodging. Lodging at the latter stages of crop development can compromise grain yield and quality. Thus, application of TE may protect yield and quality in winter cereals. A field study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 across the Canadian Prairies to determine the effects of TE dose and application timings on lodging, canopy architecture, grain yield, and quality of winter cereals. Trinexapac‐ethyl treatments consisted of 0.6× (60 g a.i. ha−1) and 1× (100 g a.i. ha−1), which were applied to two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, 'Flourish’ and ‘Moats’, and a fall rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivar ‘Hazlet’, at Feekes 5 and 7 growth stages. Compared with the control, TE application increased grain yield by 3–8%, reduced plant height by 5–10%, and shortened internode length. Plant height reductions were most notable when TE was applied at the 1× rate at Feekes 7. The most responsive crop was fall rye, which could be expected given its tall stature relative to the wheat cultivars. Most of the tested environments, including irrigation, did not induce heavy stem lodging; therefore, observations of positive yield responses in the absence of lodging were unexpected. Our findings suggest that there is a role for TE in winter cereal production systems, provided the magnitude of crop responses justifies the added input costs.
The effects of population synchrony, life history, and access constraints on benefits from fishing portfolios
Authors: Oken Kiva L. , Holland Daniel S. , PUNT ANDRÉ E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNatural resources often exhibit large interannual fluctuations in productivity driven by shifting environmental conditions, and this translates to high variability in the revenue resource users earn. However, users can dampen this variability by harvesting a portfolio of resources. In the context of fisheries, this means targeting multiple populations, though the ability to actually build diverse fishing portfolios is often constrained by the costs and availability of fishing permits. These constraints are generally intended to prevent overcapitalization of the fleet and ensure populations are fished sustainably. As linked human‐natural systems, both ecological and fishing dynamics influence the specific advantages and disadvantages of increasing the diversity of fishing portfolios. Specifically, a portfolio of synchronous populations with similar responses to environmental drivers should reduce revenue variability less than a portfolio of asynchronous populations with opposite responses. We built a bioeconomic model based on the Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and groundfish fisheries in the California Current, and used it to explore the influence of population synchrony and permit access on income patterns. As expected, synchronous populations reduced revenue variability less than asynchronous populations, but only for portfolios including crab and salmon. Synchrony with the longer‐lived groundfish population was not important because environmentally driven changes in groundfish recruitment were mediated by growth and natural mortality over the full population age structure, and overall biomass was relatively stable across years. Thus, building a portfolio of diverse life histories can buffer against the impacts of poor environmental conditions over short time scales. Increasing access to all permits generally led to increased revenue stability and decreased inequality of the fleet, but also resulted in less revenue earned by an individual from a given portfolio because more vessels shared the available biomass. This means managers are faced with a trade‐off between the average revenue individuals earn and the risk those individuals accept. These results illustrate the importance of considering connections between social and ecological dynamics when evaluating management options that constrain or facilitate fishers’ ability to diversify their fishing.
A Concise Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Methoxyl Citreochlorols and Their Structural Revisions
Authors: Sunnapu Ranganayakulu , Rajendar Goreti 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA concise, stereoselective and protecting group free approaches for the total synthesis of (−)‐(2S,4R)‐ and (+)‐(2R,4S)‐3′‐methoxyl citreochlorols and their stereoisomers are demonstrated. All four stereoisomers were synthesized to establish the absolute stereochemistry of the reported structures and the structures were revised accordingly. The approach involves chelation controlled regioselective reduction of a diester, silyl iodide promoted ring‐opening iodo esterification of lactones, highly chemo‐ and regioselective ring‐opening of an epoxy ester, dichloromethylation of a carboxyl group, and syn‐ and anti‐selective reduction of the resulted β‐hydroxy ketone as key steps.
Intramolecular Heck Reaction in Total Synthesis of Natural Products: An Update
Authors: Paul Debobrata , Das Subhendu , Saha Sanu , Sharma Himangshu , Goswami Rajib Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis review highlights the application of intramolecular Heck reaction in total synthesis of natural products which were successfully synthesized in recent years (2013 to 2019). Heck cyclization was used as one of the strategic steps for constructions of wide variety of cyclic scaffolds essential for preparation of different natural products.
The Winding Road towards an Atropo‐enantioselective ‘ARYNE Coupling’
Authors: Augros David , Comoy Corinne , Fort Yves , Leroux Frédéric R. , Panossian Armen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor the first time, the challenging atropo‐enantioselective coupling of in‐situ generated arynes and aryllithiums in the presence of a chiral ligand of lithium was investigated. This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility of this concept, by affording enantioenriched axially chiral biaryls even in the case of products showing a high degree of steric congestion around the newly created aryl−aryl bond.
Structure, Content and Inter‐relationships between Self‐aspects: Integrating Findings from the Social Identity and Self Complexity Traditions
Authors: Banas Kasia , Smyth Lillian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe “social cure” literature from the social identity approach, and the self‐complexity literature are both concerned with the structure and content of the self, and their relationship to wellbeing. Our work seeks to integrate these two approaches by investigating the exact characteristics of the self‐concept that are associated with wellbeing, focusing in particular on self‐aspects that are supportive, positive, representative and compatible (“superaspects”). In a pre‐registered correlational study (n = 640) we found that the number of collective superaspects was positively associated with affect balance and quality of life (H1a), but the number of non‐collective superaspects was positively associated only with affect balance (H1b). We found no evidence that similarity between self‐aspects was negatively associated with wellbeing (H2), or that a self‐reported measure of positivity was more strongly associated with wellbeing than a calculated measure (H3). These findings suggest potential avenues for an integrated measurement of the self‐concept and its association with wellbeing.
In vitro bioaccessibility of macular xanthophylls from commercial microalgal powders of Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Authors: Tudor Cristina , Gherasim Elena Cristina , Dulf Francisc Vasile , Pintea Adela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe bioaccessibility of the major carotenoids present in two commercial microalgal supplements in powder form was investigated through a standardized in vitro digestion method. The dried biomass of Arthrospira platensis contained β‐carotene (36.8 mg/100 g) and zeaxanthin (20.8 mg/100 g) as the main carotenoids as well as a high content of saturated fatty acids (61% of total fatty acids), whereas that of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was rich in lutein (37.8 mg/100 g) and had a high level of unsaturated fatty acids (65% of total fatty acids). In the case of the latter, lutein bioaccessibility was not statistically enhanced after the replacement of porcine bile extract with bovine bile extract in the in vitro digestion protocol and after the addition of coconut oil (17.8% as against to 19.2% and 19.2% vs. 18.5%, respectively). In contrast, the use of bovine bile extract along with co‐digestion with coconut oil significantly enhanced the bioaccessibility of zeaxanthin from A. platensis, reaching the highest bioaccessibility of 42.8%.
A computational study of the reaction mechanism involved in the fast cleavage of an unconstrained amide bond assisted by an amine intramolecular nucleophilic attack
Authors: Cuesta Sebastián Adolfo , Rincón Luis , Torres F. Javier , Rodríguez Vladimir , Mora José Ramón 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present work, the fast amide bond cleavage of [3‐((1R,5S,7s)‐3‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐7‐carbonyl)‐3‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐7‐carboxylic acid (bi‐ATDO)], through an intramolecular nucleophilic attack of an amine group is evaluated. First, six possible peptide bond cleavage mechanisms, two of them including a water molecule, are described at the ωB97XD/6–311 + G(d,p)//MP2/6–311 + G(d,p) level of theory. The reaction consisting of an intramolecular nitrogen nucleophilic attack followed by a proton transfer and the amide bond cleavage is determined as the most favorable mechanism. The activation free energy computed for the latter is 20.5 kcal mol−1, which agrees with the reported experimental result of 24.8 kcal mol−1. Inclusion of a water molecule to assist the first step of the reaction results in an activation free energy increase of about 17 kcal mol−1. All the steps in the most favorable mechanism are studied more in detail employing intrinsic reaction coordinate as well as the reaction force and reaction electronic flux analysis.
Toward an understanding of regulatory T cells in COVID‐19: A systematic review
Authors: Rahimzadeh Mahsa , Naderi Nadereh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA more detailed understanding of Treg cells in COVID‐19 infection will broaden our knowledge of the COVID‐19 immunopathology and give us more insight into the curative immune‐based strategies. We systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE) and identified 18 eligible studies. Despite the inconsistencies between the results, we observed a trend toward decreasing Treg levels in severe COVID‐19 patients. This finding underlines the hypothesis that Tregs play a role in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19. Further studies on Tregs' functional aspects are necessary to illustrate Tregs' potential role in COVID‐19 disease.
Investigation of genetic variation: Neuraminidase gene of influenza A virus H1N1/pdm09, Shiraz, Iran (2015–2016)
Authors: Rashidi Omid , Moattari Afagh , Pirbonyeh Neda , Emami Amir , Kadivar Mohammad Rahim , Tavakoli Movaghar Nahid , Edalat Fahimeh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOseltamivir and antiviral agents are frequently used for the prevention and treatment of influenza infection. However, resistance to oseltamivir has been reported globally due to a mutation in the Influenza virus neuraminidase gene. Such resistance will be detected by genotyping and phenotyping studies of viral isolates. The recent study aimed to determine the genetic mutation of neuraminidase gene in influenza A (H1N1) viruses isolated from children referred to Shiraz tertiary hospitals during 1 year (2015–2016) with influenza‐like symptoms. A total of 300 patients were registered and throat samples were taken. The throat swabs were used for viral RNA extraction. Detection of influenza A (H1N1) was performed using the one‐step real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) method. From positive isolates for H1N1, 51 random samples were evaluated for neuraminidase gene mutation with the nested PCR‐sequencing method. Of 300 cases, 102 (34%) isolates were detected as influenza A (H1N1) pdm09. Based on sequencing results, 2 of the 44 sequenced isolates exhibited H275Y substitution, which presented oseltamivir resistance. In comparison with reference strain, the phylogenetic analysis of sequenced isolates was classified in genogroup 6B. While this result is the first report of emerging oseltamivir‐resistant in the southwest of Iran, it is highly recommended to perform these evaluations on the different geographical regions in any prevalence area to plan treatment strategies for influenza.
A thin‐layer solid‐phase extraction–liquid film elution technique used for the enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water
Authors: Nukatsuka Isoshi , Satoh Ryota , Kihara Shigeki , Kitagawa Fumihiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose a novel microsolid‐phase extraction and elution technique, which we called the thin‐layer solid‐phase extraction–liquid film elution technique. The thin‐layer solid‐phase extraction phase is an octadecylsilylated sol gel‐ coated porous silica thin film prepared on the outer wall of a test tube, which has a larger surface area for the extraction of the target compounds compared to a conventional solid‐phase microextraction phase. After optimization of the extraction procedure for five types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the liquid film elution technique was investigated. Liquid film elution is an elution technique wherein the compounds extracted into the thin‐layer solid‐phase extraction phase are eluted using a small volume of solvent film formed around the extraction phase. The results show that the elution can be carried out using 150 μL of eluent. Enrichment factors between 20 and 34 were obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing more than four aromatic rings in 10 mL aliquots of aqueous samples. Finally, recoveries of 85‐112% were obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing more than four aromatic rings from spiked natural water samples using the thin‐layer solid‐phase extraction–liquid film elution technique.
Determination of phenols in natural and waste waters by capillary electrophoresis after preconcentration on magnetic nanoparticles coated with aminated hypercrosslinked polystyrene
Authors: Gubin Alexander , Sukhanov Pavel , Kushnir Aleksei , Sannikova Natalia , Konopleva Victoria , Nikulina Alla 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn efficient sorbent for magnetic solid‐phase extraction was developed from Fe3O4 nanoparticles covered with aminated hypercrosslinked polystyrene. The sorbent has a saturation magnetization of 47 emu/g and a surface area of 509 mg/g and was tested for the extraction of 11 phenols from aqueous media. The optimum conditions were as follows: pH 3; adsorbent mass, 20.0 mg; adsorption time, 30 min; eluent (acetone) volume, 0.5 mL; and desorption time, 5 min. The enrichment factor after desorption reached 1595‐1716 and the maximum adsorption capacity was 501‐909 mg/g. Capillary electrophoresis was applied successively to separate 11 phenols after solid‐phase extraction. The best separation was achieved using a fused silica capillary and borate buffer (pH 10.7) as a supporting electrolyte. After optimization, the linearity range was from 0.2 to 950 μg/L, and the limits of detection were 0.05‐0.2 μg/L. The relative standard deviation varied from 6.1 to 8.7% (C = 1 μg/L) and from 2.9 to 3.5% (C = 500 μg/L). The determination of phenols is complicated in eutrophic water and spring water with a high content of humic and fulvic acids.
Contemporary Incremental Healthcare Costs for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in the United States
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: February 2021

Objective/HypothesisDetermine contemporary incremental increases in healthcare expenditures and utilization associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of national health care survey data.MethodsPatients reporting a diagnosis of CRS were extracted from the 2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey medical conditions file and linked to the consolidated expenditures file. CRS patients were then compared to non‐CRS patients determining differences in healthcare utilization for office visits, emergency facility visits, and prescriptions filled as well as differences in total healthcare costs, office‐based costs, prescription medication costs, and self‐expenditures using demographically and comorbidity adjusted multivariate models. Results were compared to 2007, adjusted for inflation.ResultsAn estimated 7.28 ± 0.36 million adult patients reported CRS in 2018 (3.0 ± 0.1% of the adult U.S. population). The additional incremental healthcare utilizations associated with CRS relative to non‐CRS patients for office visits, emergency facility visits, and number of prescriptions filled were 4.2 ± 0.6, 0.10 ± 0.03, and 6.0 ± 0.9, respectively (allP ≤ .003). Similarly, additional incremental healthcare expenditures associated with CRS for total health care expenses, office‐based visit expenditures, prescription expenditures, and self‐expenditures were $1,983 ± 569, $772 ± 139, $678 ± 213, and $68 ± 17, respectively (allP ≤ .002). Increases in total (+$1,062) and office based expenditures (+$360) compared to 2007 were significant.ConclusionCRS continues to be associated with a substantial incremental increase in healthcare utilization and expenditures. These expenditures have significantly outpaced inflation expected increases. The national healthcare costs of CRS have increased to an estimated $14.4 billion per year.Level of Evidence3Laryngoscope, 131:2169–2172, 2021