bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p53 Promotes Ferroptosis in Macrophages Treated with Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: WU cong , zhang boyou , shen zhiming , sun fei , lu yi , yuan lei , zhang guozhong , wang zhihao , shi hongcan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs, also known as iron oxide NPs; IONPs) have high biocompatibility and low biotoxicity. They are widely used in the field of biotechnology for targeted delivery, image formation, and photothermal therapy. NP biodistribution is determined by macrophage capture in vivo, and recently, the induction of macrophage polarization into the M1 phenotype by IONPs has become a hot topic in research. Previous research has shown that IONPs can induce ferroptosis of ovarian cancer cells and ischemic cardiomyocytes. In this study, we exposed macrophages to synthesized Fe3O4 NPs (100 nm in diameter) and determined the effects of NPs in inducing cell death by RNA sequencing.Results: We observed that after 48 h exposure to NPs, there was a change in the macrophage phenotype and a reduction in cell viability. Then, we demonstrated that NPs could induce macrophage cell damage by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and by repressing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis of macrophages using RNA sequencing and change in ultrastructural morphology, and found that ferroptosis was caused by the upregulation of p53 expression and inhibition of SLC7A11 expression, as their protein levels after 48 h exposure to Fe3O4 NPs were consistent with erastin-induced ferroptosis. Conclusions: These results provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis induced by Fe3O4 NPs in macrophages and provide a basis for the biotoxicity study of Fe3O4 NPs in vivo.
Silica Particles Trigger Pulmonary Fibrosis Act Through Cell-To-Cell Delivery of Exosomal Mir-107
Authors: Wang Di , Hao Changfu , Guo Wei , Pei Yangqing , Zhang Lin , Bao Lei , Liu Suna , Li Yiping , Qu Yaqian , Zhao Youliang , Ding Mingcui , Yao Wu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Long-term exposure to inhalable silica particles may lead to a serious systemic pulmonary disease called silicosis. However, the role and mechanisms of exosomes in silicosis are not well understood. We previously reported that serum exosomal micro (mi) RNA profile was altered in pneumoconiosis patients and silica-exposed macrophages.This study was aimed to explore and verify the role of the exosomal miRNA in lung fibrosis when exposed to silica particles. Results: The RT-qPCR result revealed that the levels of the miR-107, miR-122-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-126-5p, and miR-335-5p were elevated in serous exosomes of silicosis patients. A bioinformatics analysis predicted 5 potential interactions involving these miRNAs, with miR-107–cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 6 having the highest score. In a mouse model of silica particle-induced silicosis, miR-107 level in serum exosomes and lung tissue was increased during the development of fibrosis, while inhibition of miR-107 reduced pulmonary fibrosis. The number of exosomes secreted by macrophages exposed to silica particles was also increased and showed altered cargo composition, and showed a capacity to promote lung fibroblast transdifferentiation through a possible mechanism involving the delivery of miR-107 by macrophages to lung fibroblasts via exosomes, resulting in targeted inhibition of CDK6, reduced retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, and inhibition of E2F1 and cell cycle progression. Conclusion: In summary, exosomal miR-107 derived from macrophages exposed to silica particles were transferred to pulmonary fibroblasts to trigger their transdifferentiation by targeting CDK6 and arresting cell cycle. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of silicosis and potential targets for intervention.
Factors Associated with COVID-19 Low Risk perception among urban dwellers in Malawi
Authors: Dzimbiri Mastano Nambiro Woleson , Chilanga Emmanuel , Mwanjawala Patrick , Keller Amanda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Malawians have yet to broadly adopt COVID-19 mitigation measures despite having overwhelming evidence about its infectivity, morbidity, and fatality. Understanding why the general population is not proactive in reducing the spread of this illness is critical to learning how to address this issue. This study explores Malawian COVID-19 risk perception and the associated constraints in the adoption of mitigations. A Health Belief Model (HBM) approach was used to understand factors that undermine COVID-19 messages to achieve behavior change.Methods: The study applied a rapid appraisal and photovoice methodology in this qualitative inquiry to better understand individual risk perception regarding COVID-19. We selected 33 participants from three major cities in Malawi. We transcribed verbatim audio interviews and videos. Transcripts were coded manually to derive key themes and concepts. Results: Religious and political beliefs strongly influenced COVID-19 risk perception. Critical religious factors included the coming of Christ, the wrath of God, and the coming of the beast. Politically, participants believed that COVID-19 lockdown measures were a ploy by the ruling party to remain in power.Conclusion: The study suggests that religious beliefs and political environment undermine self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 among urban dwellers in Malawi. We recommend that diverse actors in Malawi should collaborate to promote the dissemination of accurate COVID-19 discourses and reduce the severity of the pandemic’s impact on the Malawi populous.
Groundwater quality assessment for domestic purposes in Mpherembe, northwest of Mzimba district, Rural Malawi
Authors: Dzimbiri Mastano Nambiro Woleson , Levy Jonathan , Chilanga Emmanuel , Mtenga Chifundo , Olubodun Oluwaseun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Access to potable water is a public health problem in Malawi. Knowledge of water quality can significantly reduce waterborne diseases amongst users. The present study examines the groundwater quality for domestic use in Mpherembe, northwest of Mzimba district rural Malawi. Ten (10) water samples were collected from various sources and subsequently tested for physio-chemical and microbiological parameters using standard methods. The results obtained were compared against the Malawi Bureau of Standards (MS 733:2005) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. The microbiological examination of water samples revealed the presence of E. coli bacteria (range 62-136cfu/100m), and high levels of turbidity (range 5.58–46.8 NTU) in wells. However, Magnesium hardness and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were recorded high in boreholes compared to wells. The presence of faecal matter and high mineral concentration in domestic water is a health risk when consumed prior to treatment. To ensure public health safety, interventions that focus on household water treatment such as chlorination are recommended in this study area.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF SLAB THICKNESS ON CRACK WIDTH IN RIGID PAVEMENT SLABS
Authors: Soehardjono Agoes , Aditya Candra 
Published: March 2021

Cracks that occur in rigid pavements include longitudinal cracks, transverse cracks, and corner cracks. The relatively large crack width not only spoils the aesthetics of the concrete structural elements but can also lead to structural failure. This study aims to determine the crack width of a rigid pavement concrete slab located above the subgrade which is considered a beam on an elastic foundation, so that a minimum rigid pavement concrete slab thickness can be recommended. The specimen will be observed at various thicknesses to obtain the optimum thickness. The load used is a centralized monotonous load, which represents the load of the truck vehicle. The research limitation is using a test object in the form of a concrete plate measuring 2000x600 mm which is placed on the ground with CBR=6 %. The quality of reinforced concrete slabs is fc'=40 MPa and fy=440.31 MPa. The thickness of the concrete slab varies between 100 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm. The slab placed on the ground is then given a central loading in the form of a centralized monotonic load. The loading range starts from a load of 2–180 kN with a load interval of 2 kN. The experimental results show that the rigid pavement slab has a bending failure so that the crack pattern that occurs begins with the first crack on the underside of the slab. The crack pattern in terms of slab thickness variation has a similar pattern. The initial crack width on the slab is 0.04 mm. The thicker the slab smaller the crack width at the same load. Based on the maximum allowable crack width=0.3 mm. For loads between (80–100) kN (Road Class I, II, and III), a minimum thickness of rigid pavement slabs (70–80) mm is recommended. For loads between (130–140) kN, the minimum thickness of the rigid pavement slab (105–115) mm is recommended
TEMPERATURE PREDICT OF AERATION TANK WALLS FOR BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT SUBSYSTEM OF HAMDAN STATION
Authors: Morad Akeel M. Ali , Mohammed Alya Aqeel , Sahi Angham Omeer , Al-Sayyab Ali Khalid Shaker 
Published: March 2021

A heat transfer modeled for predicting the wall temperature of aeration tank in a biological wastewater treatment subsystem of Hamden station is presented. The method to treatment employed depending upon the pollutants in wastewater and extent to which it is desired to eliminate them in order to congregate required standards of water quality. Several heat gain and loss mechanisms concerned to develop of the model of temperature computer includes heat gains through conduction and radiation. While the heat losses referred to convection and radiation. It classified radiation heat transfer and biological reaction as a gained heat, while classifying the rate of evaporation, aerator, and wind velocity as lost heat.
This study relied on a previous study, and based on the assumptions that have been identified so that a model development can be obtained to calculate the surface temperature of the wall of the aeration tank in a biological treatment system. The operational, weather and temperature data were to be registered from Iraqi weather forecast- Basra Airport. To obtain reliable results, the model was simulated using the STELLA software v.9.02, which gave accurate results in determining the parameters that affect the tank wall temperature changes. The STELLA software is Model calibration and considers as a dynamics language because of STELLA is software for graphic and dynamic simulation for the wall temperature of aeration tank. The results have shown a good accuracy and increment between the production walls temperatures with average ranged about (0.2 %) of present work. The model shows the sensitivity through set of precious five parameters like organic removal rate, ambient air temperature, wind velocity, air relative humidity, and the wall effective area of the aeration tank
INVESTIGATION ON THE AIR-GAS CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR-HYDROGEN MIXER DESIGNED FOR DUAL FUEL – ENGINES
Authors: Kazum Alaulddin A. , Attia Osam H. , Mosa Ali I. , Mariah. Adam Nor 
Published: March 2021

High smoke emissions, nitrogen oxide and particulate matter typically produced by diesel engines. Diminishing the exhausted emissions without doing any significant changes in their mechanical configuration is a challenging subject. Thus, adding hydrogen to the traditional fuel would be the best practical choice to ameliorate diesel engines performance and reduce emissions. The air hydrogen mixer is an essential part of converting the diesel engine to work under dual fuel mode (hydrogen-diesel) without any engine modification. In this study, the Air-hydrogen mixer is developed to get a homogenous mixture for hydrogen with air and a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio according to the speed of the engine. The mixer depends on the balance between the force exerted on the head surface of the valve and the opposite forces (the spring and friction forces) and its relation to decrease and increase the fuel inlet. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis software was utilised to study the hydrogen and airflow behaviour inside the mixer, established by 3.2 L engine. The Air-hydrogen mixer is examined with different speeds of engine1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 RPM. Results showed air-hydrogen mixture was homogenous in the mixer. Furthermore, the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio was achieved according to the speed of the engine, the developed mixer of the AIR-Hydrogen mixing process provides high mixing homogeneity and engines with stoichiometric air-fuel ratios, which subsequently contributes to the high levels of efficiency in engine operation. In summary, the current study intends to reduce the emissions of gases and offer a wide range of new alternative fuels usage. While the performance of the diesel engine with the new air-hydrogen mixer needs to be tested practically.
Aqueous Extract of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola Synergistically Enhances Hippocampal-hypothalamic Glutamate and Na+ /K+ -ATPase Activity in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Olaniyi Kehinde S. , Sabinari Isaiah W. , Oniyide Adesola A. , Akinnagbe Nifesimi T. , Agunbiade Toluwani B. , Alese Oluwole O. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The incidence of cognitive decline has been proposed to rise exponentially
in the coming years. Therapies targeting molecular pathways involved in the enhancement of memory
and energy regulation could be a major breakthrough in the prevention or management of dementia
in susceptible populations.

Objectives:
This study investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of Cola nitida (AECONS) and
Garcinia kola (AEGAK) on glutamate level and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus and
hypothalamus of male Wistar rats.

Methods:
Adult male Wistar rats (170-200) were randomly allotted into groups (n=5/group); control
(distilled water p.o.), AECONS1 (200 mg/kg), AECONS2 (400 mg/kg), AEGAK1 (200
mg/kg), AEGAK2 (400 mg/kg), AECONS1+AEGAK1 and AECONS2+AEGAK2. The extract
was prepared and the administration was done daily for 6 weeks.

Results and Discussion:
Administration of AECONS or AEGAK increased plasma, hippocampal
and hypothalamic glutamate, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, NO, SOD except hippocampal glutamate in
AECONS1/AEGAK1, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and SOD in AEGAK1, hypothalamic glutamate
and SOD in AECONS1 when compared with control. Besides, MDA level decreased in AEGAK2
and hippocampal but not hypothalamic MDA decreased in AEGAK1 compared with control. However,
concomitant administration of AECONS and AEGAK enhanced plasma, hippocampal and hypothalamic
biomarkers except hypothalamic MDA level. The present study demonstrates that AECONS
and AEGAK synergistically enhance hippocampal and hypothalamic glutamate and Na+/K+-
ATPase activity, which are accompanied by NO and SOD-dependent antioxidant enrichment.

Conclusion:
These findings, therefore, suggest that AECONS+AEGAK could be a better therapeutic
candidate in hippocampal-hypothalamic-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Hierarchical and Multi-resolution Neuron Network Computing for Complex Inverse Problems-An Approach Based on Brain-inspired Computing and Learning Method
Authors: Zhou Mingyong 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Complex inverse problems such as Radar Imaging and CT/EIT imaging are well investigated in mathematical algorithms with various regularization methods. However it is difficult to obtain stable inverse solutions with fast convergence and high accuracy at the same time due to the ill-posed property and non-linear property.

Objective:
In this paper, we propose a hierarchical and multi-resolution scalable method from both algorithm perspective and hardware perspective to achieve fast and accurate solu-tions for inverse problems by taking radar and EIT imaging as examples.

Method:
We present an extension of discussion on neuromorphic computing as brain-inspired computing method and the learning/training algorithm to design a series of problem specific AI “brains” (with different memristive values) to solve a general complex ill-posed inverse problems that are traditionally solved by mathematical regular operators. We design a hierarchical and multi-resolution scalable method and an algorithm framework to train AI deep learning neuron network and map into the memristive circuit so that the memristive val-ues are optimally obtained. We propose FPGA as an emulation implementation for neuro-morphic circuit as well.

Result:
We compared the methodology between our approach and traditional regulariza-tion method. In particular we use Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) and Radar imaging as typical examples to compare how to design an AI deep learning neuron network architec-tures to solve inverse problems.

Conclusion:
With EIT imaging as a typical example, we show that any moderate complex inverse problem, as long as it can be described as combinational problem, AI deep learning neuron network is a practical alternative approach to try to solve the inverse problems with any given expected resolution accuracy, as long as the neuron network width is large enough and computational power is strong enough for all combination samples training purpose.
Toward socio-contextual perspective: A case in analyzing texts
Authors: Hidayanti Ni Nyoman Ayu Tri 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the social context, the text organization, and the text structure. The data that are analyzed in this study are taken from the book entitled Tales of Wisdom. There are two main texts are used in this study. The theory used was Halliday (1978) advocated placing the context of situation into a broader social context. The result of this study revealed that all of the elements of the context of situation (field, tenor, mode) were found in the texts. Both of the texts were well organized seen from the text organization including starting (orientation), content (complication), and ending (resolution). In terms of text structure, the use of reference and conjunction were frequently occurred. Of the four sub conjunctions, only three sub conjunctions were appeared and additive is the most one of all.
THE EFFECTS OF PILATES WITH A SWISS BALL PROGRAM ON FLEXIBILITY IN FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Ružić Snežana 
Published: March 2021

Flexibility is a basic motor ability that significantly improves overall motor efficiency and reduces the possibility of muscle and joint injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Pilates exercise with a Swiss ball on flexibility development among female students. The sample of 45 participants, aged 19 to 22 years, was divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group took part in a 12-week Pilates exercise with a Swiss ball, with a frequency of three training sessions with one hour of exercise per week. The control group was not involved in the training process. For flexibility assessment, four tests were applied (Sit and Reach, Straddle in Supine Position, Leg Lift from Supine Position and Backward Leg Lift from a Prone Position). The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Univariate results showed significant differences in all flexibility variables. The authors conclude that the Pilates program with a ball has significantly improved the flexibility of the female students.
СОЦИОДЕМОГРАФСКЕ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЕ КАО ПРЕДИКТОРИ ИНТЕРКУЛТУРАЛНЕ ОСЕТЉИВОСТИ СТУДЕНАТА
Authors: Đurić Igor , Popović Daliborka , Anđelković Aleksandra 
Published: March 2021

Societal heterogeneity, as a global paradigm, represents a strong leverage of the initiative for the development and research of an individual’s and groups’ intercultural sensitivity. In the last few decades, interculturality, intercultural competencies and intercultural sensitivity have been the topic of many researches in various fields. Students’ intercultural sensitivity is the focus of this paper and it is seen through the prism of socio-demographic determinants. The results of the research which was done on the sample of 452 students from four universities in Serbia are shown in the methodological part of the paper. The instrument used was the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale – ISS. The goal of the research is to determine the degree of the development of the students’ intercultural sensitivity in relation to certain socio-demographic variables. Results have shown that the students from the State University of Novi Pazar are estimated to have the highest level of intercultural sensitivity in certain dimensions of the scale. The average number of household members, was identified as a variable with a negative correlation on the students’ intercultural sensitivity. The conclusion points out to the necessity of change in the approach to the development of the students’ intercultural sensitivity approach, which is reflected in the research in that it should point to adequate work approaches that enrich their experience and influence the changes in social and educational context.
ЗНАЧАЈ ЕТИЧКЕ КЛИМЕ И КОРУПТИВНИХ РАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЈА ЗА НАЧИН РЕШАВАЊА ЕТИЧКИХ ДИЛЕМА НА РАДУ
Authors: Majstorović Nebojša , Jovanović Tamara , Đajić Bojana 
Published: March 2021

The aim of the research was to determine the importance of organizational ethical climate and the levels of corruption for determining the methods of solving the four ethical dilemmas typical of the working environment – “truth versus loyalty”, “individual vs. community”, “short-term versus long-term” and “justice vs. mercy” (Kidder, 1995). On an ad hoc sample of 313 employees from different organizations in the Republic of Serbia, an online questionnaire was applied for data collecting on the perception of the organizational ethical climate, the tendency towards corruptive rationalizations as factors in choosing alternatives in solving ethical dilemmas at work. The findings indicate the importance of the perception of the egoistic ethical climate and the climate of social responsibility for the willingness of employees to be merciful when solving the dilemma “justice vs. mercy.” It was found that the egoistic ethical climate probably generates the acceptance of corruptive rationalizations that predict the acceptance of “mercy” towards those who steal the company’s assets. On the other hand, the climate of social responsibility influences the preference of employees for mercy for those who break the rules, most likely because employees develop the belief that well-being is important for both the company’s clients and colleagues, even when they violate organizational rules. It was concluded that the perception of the organizational ethical climate indirectly influences the manner of solving ethical dilemmas at work. This is probably done by generating personal beliefs in employees, which then influences the preference for solving the ethical dilemma with which these beliefs are in accordance.