bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of a medical clowning program on improving emotional status among hospitalized children undergoing cancer treatment: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Wu Wei‐Wen , Lu Frank L. , Shiu Cheng‐Shi , Tang Chia‐Chun , Jou Shiann‐Tang , Chen Jiann‐Shiuh , Liu Yen‐Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo examine the effectiveness of one‐time medical clowning on improving short‐term positive emotions among hospitalized children undergoing cancer treatment, and to analyze whether age moderates this effect.DesignIn this quasi‐experimental research study, we recruited a pooled sample of 96 children who were undergoing cancer treatment in pediatric oncology/hematology wards at three university‐affiliated medical centers in Taiwan from June 2018 through April 2020.MethodsChildren’s demographic characteristics, symptom distress, quality of life, and pretest emotional status were collected at T1. At T2, we collected only posttest emotional status. We adapted generalized estimating equation models to evaluate the effectiveness of medical clowning on enhancing positive emotions.FindingsChanges in the probabilities of positive emotion were significantly different across groups (51.84% for the experimental group, 15.76% for the control group; Δ = 36.08, p = 0.001), and the change was more than two times larger for the experimental group (effect ratio = 3.28, p < 0.05) than for the control group. When evaluating the moderating effect of age on the intervention, none of the coefficients reached the significant (p < 0.05) levels, suggesting that age may not moderate the intervention effect.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the core value of medical clowning in child‐friendly health care. Our findings clearly support the benefit of the one‐time medical clowning program on enhancing short‐term emotional well‐being across age groups of children. Medical clowning programs should be strongly encouraged and supported in pediatric oncology wards.Clinical relevanceMedical clowning programs should be widely and continuously implemented in pediatric oncology wards as a routine clinical practice for enhancing emotional well‐being among children receiving cancer treatment. Nurses need to be aware of medical clowning’s equal effectiveness across age groups, not only or better for younger children.
The role of multimodal MRI in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Knudsen Laust Vind , Gazerani Parisa , Duan Yunyun , Michel Tanja Maria , Vafaee Manouchehr Seyedi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), where neurodegeneration is not as considerable, thereby potentially increasing the effect of treatments. Therefore, highly sensitive and specific classification of subjects with MCI is necessary, where various MRI modalities have displayed promise.MethodsStructural, diffusion, and resting‐state (RS) functional MRI analyses were performed on the AD (n = 26), MCI (n = 5), and healthy control (HC) (n = 14) group. Structural analysis was performed via voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and volumetric subcortical segmentation analysis. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were estimated during the diffusion analysis. RS analysis investigated seed‐based functional connectivity. Classification via support vector machine was performed to evaluate which MRI modality most accurately differentiated the groups. Multiple linear regression was conducted to evaluate the MRI modalities correlation with clinical assessment scores.ResultsClassification of MCI and HC displayed highest accuracy based on diffusion MRI, which besides demonstrated high correlation with clinical scores. Classification was equally accurate in AD, when using VBM or diffusion tensor imaging measures. Yet, more variance was explained by VBM measures in the clinical assessment scores of the AD group.ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential of diffusion MRI in differentiating MCI from HC and AD. However, the results need to be interpreted with caution as sample size and artifacts in the MRI data probably influenced the results.
Nuclear and plastid phylogenomic analyses provide insights into the reticulate evolution, species delimitation, and biogeography of the Sino‐Japanese disjunctive Diabelia (Caprifoliaceae)
Authors: Ke Xiu‐Rong , Morales‐Briones Diego F. , Wang Hong‐Xin , Sun Qing‐Hui , Landis Jacob B. , Wen Jun , Wang Hua‐Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding biological diversity and the mechanisms of the Sino‐Japanese disjunctions are major challenges in eastern Asia biogeography. The Sino‐Japanese flora has been broadly studied as an ideal model for plant phylogeography. Diabelia Landrein (Caprifoliaceae) is an East Asian genus, with a disjunctive distribution across the Sino‐Japanese region. However, relationships within Diabelia remain elusive. In this study, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Diabelia and inferred historical biogeography and evolutionary patterns based on nuclear and plastid sequences from target enrichment and genome skimming approaches, respectively. We found that the main clades within Diabelia were discordant between nuclear and plastid trees. Both nuclear and plastid phylogenetic analyses supported five main clades: Diabelia serrata (Siebold & Zucc.) Landrein, Diabelia tetrasepala (Koidz.) Landrein, Diabelia sanguinea (Makino) Landrein, Diabelia stenophylla (Honda) Landrein, and Diabelia spathulata (Siebold & Zucc.) Landrein. Species network analyses revealed that Diabelia tetrasepala is likely the result of a hybridization event. Divergence time estimation and ancestral area reconstructions showed that Diabelia originated in Japan during the early Miocene, with subsequent vicariance and dispersal events between Japan and Korea, and between Japan and China. Overall, our results support the division of Diabelia into five main clades and the recognition of five species in the genus. This research provides new insights into the species delimitation and speciation processes of taxonomically complex lineages such as Diabelia.
Validating marine Devonian biogeography: a study in bioregionalization
Authors: Dowding Elizabeth M. , Ebach Malte C. , Mavrodiev Evgeny V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Devonian record presents an opportunity to test and validate an existing marine bioregionalization. This study is the first to use comparative biogeography and phylogenetic data to test Devonian bioregionalization. Proposed in the 1960s, the Old World, Eastern Americas and Malvinokaffric realms have been the functional standard for marine Devonian biogeography. Data from 32 published phylogenies of Devonian marine taxa, and a database of c. 800 occurrences were analysed using phylogenetic software to test for area monophyly. The taxic occurrences in our database were then tested against total fauna Devonian occurrences in the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org) to identify differences in sampling. Results indicate that the current Devonian bioregionalization is not representative of natural areas and requires revision. The results highlight areas that are most robust from which the study makes recommendations to improve the process and diagnosis of Devonian biogeographical areas. We found that legacy issues within palaeontology are evident within the results and their interpretation. The validation of bioregionalization and process is critical to the advancement of biogeography and palaeontology. The sensitivity of bioregionalization shows biotic and geographical relationships, how life and earth evolved together, and how geographical bias is evident in scientific process.
Phantom boarder symptom in elderly Japanese
Authors: Fukatsu Takahide , Kanemoto Kosuke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhantom boarder symptom (PBS) is classified as a delusional misidentification syndrome, and is often encountered in elderly individuals who have mild or major neurocognitive disorders. With the ageing of society, patients presenting with PBS are increasing in Japan. This retrospective study was conducted to examine the aetiology and identify significant predictors of PBS.MethodsThe records of 511 consecutive patients who visited our hospital with suspicion of dementia between September 2013 and September 2019 were retrospectively examined. From those, 16 patients who presented with PBS (1 male, 15 females; mean age 79.9 ± 4 years) were selected and case features were investigated in detail. Clinical symptoms, background factors, and final diagnoses were noted. PBS was most common in patients affected by dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Predictive factors were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe final diagnosis of the 16 subjects was DLB in 7, Alzheimer's disease in 3, delusional disorder in 3, unspecified dementia in 2, and vascular dementia in 1. Analysis limited to DLB cases showed that a low Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and living alone were related to higher risk for PBS.ConclusionVarious types of dementia, especially DLB, as well as cognitive impairment and living alone were found to be strong predictors of PBS.
How should we monitor welfare in the ornamental fish trade?
Authors: Jones Megan , Alexander Mhairi E. , Snellgrove Donna , Smith Peter , Bramhall Sam , Carey Peter , Henriquez Fiona L. , McLellan Iain , Sloman Katherine A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe global ornamental fish trade is a multibillion‐dollar industry, with legal trade estimated to be worth between $15 and 20 billion per annum. Although there is existing legislation concerning the improvement of fish welfare in aquaculture and research, there is little legislation surrounding the welfare of pet fish. The different phases of the ornamental fish trade, including curation, transportation, time spent at wholesalers/retailers and time spent in domestic/public aquaria, represent different welfare concerns. Within the animal welfare field there is increasing interest in improving welfare through the creation of operational welfare indicators (OWIs), where individual indicators are aggregated to assess animal welfare. OWIs can be morphological, behavioural, physiological, metabolic or abiotic in nature, with behaviour often considered as the foremost non‐invasive method of elucidating welfare in fish. Currently, while OWIs exist for food fish species, there are no OWIs for use within the ornamental fish trade. This review looks briefly at the stressors experienced by fish within the ornamental trade, and then used a systematic approach (keywords behavio* AND fish* AND welfare) to identify relevant publications investigating existing behavioural measures of welfare used for ornamental fish species. Finally, this review considers the potential development of OWIs for the ornamental trade.
High heat flow at the SW passive margin of the Gulf of California
Authors: Prol‐Ledesma Rosa Maria , Carrillo De La Cruz Juan Luis , Torres‐Vera Marco‐Antonio , Estradas‐Romero Alejandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNew high heat flow data confirm the presence of a heat source in the passive margin of the southern Baja California Peninsula that is not linked with volcanic activity. The high heat discharge is spatially associated with low seismic velocity, crustal thinning, intense seismic activity, documented local extension, shallow Curie Point Depth and silica geothermometer temperatures above 100°C. The highly oblique rifting regime in the centre of the Gulf of California generates a transtensional setting conducive to local extension in its southwest margin. Similar high heat flow in a rifted margin has been reported only in the Gulf of Aden that is also an obliquely spreading ridge. The intense heat discharge, with heat flow values as high as 613 mW/m2, indicates the presence of a heat source consistent with mantle upwelling. Heat transfer calculations indicate that the heat source emplacement would be at most 2 Ma old.
Probing the functions of friedelane‐type triterpene cyclases from four celastrol‐producing plants
Authors: Lu Yun , Luo Yunfeng , Zhou Jiawei , Hu Tianyuan , Tu Lichan , Tong Yuru , Su Ping , Liu Yuan , Wang Jiadian , Jiang Zhouqian , Wu Xiaoyi , Chen Xiaochao , Huang Luqi , Gao Wei 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYTriterpenes are among the most diverse plant natural products, and their diversity is closely related to various triterpene skeletons catalyzed by different 2,3‐oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs). Celastrol, a friedelane‐type triterpene with significant bioactivities, is specifically distributed in higher plants, such as Celastraceae species. Friedelin is an important precursor for the biosynthesis of celastrol, and it is synthesized through the cyclization of 2,3‐oxidosqualene, with the highest number of rearrangements being catalyzed by friedelane‐type triterpene cyclases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the catalysis of friedelin production by friedelane‐type triterpene cyclases have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, transcriptome data of four celastrol‐producing plants from Celastraceae were used to identify a total of 21 putative OSCs. Through functional characterization, the friedelane‐type triterpene cyclases were separately verified in the four plants. Analysis of the selection pressure showed that purifying selection acted on these OSCs, and the friedelane‐type triterpene cyclases may undergo weaker selective restriction during evolution. Molecular docking and site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that changes in some amino acids that are unique to friedelane‐type triterpene cyclases may lead to variations in catalytic specificity or efficiency, thereby affecting the synthesis of friedelin. Our research explored the functional diversity of triterpene synthases from a multispecies perspective. It also provides some references for further research on the relative mechanisms of friedelin biosynthesis.
Current research on the linguistic features of Chinese English
Authors: Albrecht Sven 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article argues that there are central features of Chinese English regardless of a speaker's Chinese first language (L1) or dialect. The current state of research on Chinese English is reviewed, outlining phonological, lexical, syntactical, prosodic, and discourse and pragmatic features of Chinese English. These features are categorized according to their pervasiveness based on different L1 backgrounds, to show that there are core features of Chinese English. The argument is limited by the low number of quantitative studies and the absence of large‐scale quantitative studies.
Evidence‐Based Practice Beliefs, Implementation, and Organizational Culture and Readiness for EBP Among Nurses, Midwives, Educators, and Students in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Cleary‐Holdforth Joanne , O’Mathúna Dónal , Fineout‐Overholt Ellen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based practice (EBP) is an approach to health care that combines best available evidence, healthcare professionals’ expertise, and patient preferences, yielding benefits for patients, healthcare professionals, and organizations. However, globally, EBP implementation remains inconsistent among nurses. Exploring this in an Irish context will establish a national baseline from which progress can be made on system‐wide integration of EBP in nurse and midwife (i.e., clinician) practice, nursing/midwifery education, and the Irish healthcare system.AimTo establish clinician, educator, and student’s EBP beliefs, knowledge, and implementation, and the organizational culture of the clinical and educational settings within the Republic of Ireland.MethodsUsing a descriptive study design, a national survey with demographic questions, uniquely focused EBP scales, and an open‐ended question were administered to clinicians, nursing/midwifery educators, and students. Ethical review was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data.ResultsClinicians, educators, and students reported positive beliefs about EBP (M = 59.98, SD 8.68; M = 87.72, SD = 10.91; M = 55.18, SD = 10.29, respectively). Beliefs regarding their ability to implement EBP were lower overall. EBP implementation was low across all groups (clinicians: M = 12.85, SD = 14; educators: M = 31.09, SD = 16.54; students: M = 16.59, SD = 12.11). Clinicians, educators, and students reported varying perceptions of organizational support and readiness for EBP (M = 74.07, SD = 19.65; M = 86.43, SD = 15.01; M = 93.21, SD = 16.21, respectively). Across all measures, higher scores indicated higher beliefs, implementation, and organizational culture and readiness for EBP.Linking Evidence to ActionClinicians have a unique opportunity to facilitate system‐wide integration of EBP. Furthermore, given the variable EBP knowledge, beliefs, and implementation, opportunities to enhance these attributes abound, particularly when supported by their organizations. This study established a contemporary baseline in Ireland from which to engage the identified strengths, challenges, and opportunities required to craft an organizational culture and environment that supports and advances an EBP approach to nursing and midwifery practice and education.
Effect of Jet-to-Jet Distance and Pipe Position on Flow and Heat Transfer Features of Active Clearance Control Systems
Authors: Cocchi Lorenzo , Picchi Alessio , Facchini Bruno , Da Soghe Riccardo , Mazzei Lorenzo , Tarchi Lorenzo , Descamps Laurent , Rotenberg Maxime 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The goal of this work is to investigate the effect of supply pipe position on the heat transfer features of various active clearance control (ACC) geometries, characterized by different jet-to-jet distances. All geometries present 0.8 mm circular impingement holes arranged in a single row. The jets generated by such holes cool a flat target surface, which is replicated by a metal plate in the experimental setup. Measurements are performed using the steady-state technique, obtained by heating up the target plate thanks to an electrically heated Inconel foil applied on the side of the target opposite to the jets. Temperature is also measured on this side by means of an IR camera. Heat transfer is then evaluated thanks to a custom-designed finite difference procedure, capable of solving the inverse conduction problem on the target plate. The effect of pipe positioning is studied in terms of pipe-to-target distance (from 3 to 11 jet diameters) and pipe orientation (i.e., rotation around its axis, from 0 deg to 40 deg with respect to target normal direction), while the investigated jet Reynolds numbers range from 6000 to 10,000. The obtained results reveal that heat transfer is maximized for a given pipe-to-target distance, dependent on both jet-to-jet distance and target surface extension. Pipe rotation also affects the cooling features in a nonmonotonic way, suggesting the existence of different flow regimes related to jet inclination.
Experimental Data of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) Compressor at Various Fluid States
Authors: Hacks Alexander J. , Abd El Hussein Ihab , Ren Haikun , Schuster Sebastian , Brillert Dieter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents experimental data on a centrifugal compressor operated with CO2. Temperature and pressure at the inlet of the compressor are varied to cover the supercritical region from the liquid-like to the gas-like region. In addition, inlet conditions in the two-phase region are also included. Thus, the experimental test campaign considers thermodynamic conditions relevant for the future energy conversion with sCO2-Joule cycles. Experimental results are presented as compressor pressure ratio versus inlet mass flow rate at different rotational speeds and throttle positions. Reliable conclusions can be drawn from the experimental results since the reproducibility of the measurements has been demonstrated by conducting experiments in two different test rigs, and measurement uncertainties are reported. The entire compressor geometry is disclosed in a data repository, including computer-aided design models, and input files suitable for mean-line and grid generation programs. Thus, the experimental results are exploitable by the scientific community and pave the road for validated analysis and design tools in the context of the sCO2-Joule cycle. The presented results open the possibility to estimate uncertainties of analysis and design tools with little effort since geometry information can be quickly integrated. The experimental data are already used in this paper to obtain the accuracy of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code and a mean-line program for sCO2. In addition to quantifying uncertainties, the results presented can be used to identify shortcomings of existing tools. This can be an essential step in the exploration of the sCO2-Joule cycle.
Risk Management: A Test Pilot’s Perspective
Authors: Hall G. Warren 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To achieve advances in technology and aeronautics, experimental aircraft with untested characteristics and unknown risks must be flown. The test pilot puts his life on the line and assumes the ultimate risk during the first flight.
To minimize the effects of unknown risks, the pilot’s primary risk mitigation rests in rigorous preparation for the first flight. This preparation requires input to the designers about the aircraft’s flightworthiness, extensive study, in addition to many hours in aircraft simulation where catastrophic events must be anticipated and emergency procedures actively rehearsed.
This paper discusses the unique role of the test pilot during the experimental aircraft’s development life cycle, and how his perspective and practical expertise complement quantitative and quantitative risk assessments. Flight-testing will never be risk free, but the risk to the pilot must be managed to an acceptable level and balanced against technological gains.
Engineering Assessment Approach for the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant In-Depth Safety Assessment
Authors: Coles Garill , McKay Sam , Young Jon , Skok Yuri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Engineering assessment that supports the safety basis for a reactor plant operating license is defined as:
“An assessment of a system to determine its adequacy to successfully perform its safety-related function(s) when required.”
The approach to engineering assessment of systems at the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant (LNPP), as part of its in-depth safety assessment (ISA), is unique. The content and format of engineering assessments for western Safety Analysis Reports (SARs) have evolved over time and current requirements are somewhat scattered in the governing documents (USNRC, 1978). Many regulatory guides and requirements (western or eastern) have not kept up with changes in safety analysis technology. Performance of the ISA for LNPP affords the opportunity to rethink the approach to engineering assessments, and to incorporate current methods and latest technology in safety analysis. As an example, for many systems, information about system reliability obtained from a modem Probabilistic Safety Assessment is more comprehensive than that from a Single Failure Analysis as prescribed in SAR content and format guides.
Overall, the engineering assessment of LNPP systems looks at five major assessment elements: 1) assessment of regulatory compliance, 2) assessment of operability, 3) assessment of vulnerability, 4) assessment of environmental qualifications, and 5) assessment of reliability. By reorganizing the approach to meeting regulatory requirements, and by looking at engineering assessment in various ways, information can be obtained that goes beyond simply demonstrating regulatory compliance to more fully supporting the safety basis for a plant operating license.