bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taboos and Myths as a mediator of the Relationship between Menstrual Practices and Menstrual Health
Authors: Babbar K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
There is a piece of growing evidence that associates menstrual practices with menstrual health. But menstruation has always been accompanied by various taboos and myths. Findings from qualitative studies have highlighted that these taboos and myths impact the psychosocial outcomes of the menstruators, ultimately affecting their menstrual health. However, no quantitative study has explored this link between menstrual practices and menstrual health. Thus, as a part of this study, we try to understand the role of taboos and myths as a mediator in explaining the relationship between menstrual practices and menstrual health.

Methods
The study uses the data from a cross-sectional survey of 683 active menstruators from India. First, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to develop and validate a new scale on Menstrual Health. Next, structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationship between menstrual practice and menstrual health.

Results
A clean one-factor scale was observed for the Menstrual Health scale using EFA and CFA with the fit measures (CFI= 0.99; RMSEA=0.059; SRMR=0.017; GFI=0.994). Data analysis, performed using structural equation modeling (CFI= 0.952; RMSEA=0.044; SRMR=0.047; GFI=0.959), revealed that the taboos and myths fully mediate the relationship between Menstrual Practices and Menstrual Health. The indirect effect reveals menstruators with perceptions of taboos and myths are more likely to have poor menstrual health. The ratio of the indirect effect to the total overall effect is 0.506.

Conclusions
Taboos and Myths are detrimental to the menstrual health of the menstruators. Different bodies like the government, policymakers, and NGOs should address this issue by conducting education and awareness programs for the menstruators, specifically targeting the socio-cultural aspects of menstruation to improve the menstrual practices and dissolve the taboos and myths around menstruation.

Key messages
Menstrual practices and taboos and myths are significant determinants for menstrual health. Educational interventions must be done to promote awareness around the myths and best menstrual practices that society can adopt.
Pregnancy and epilepsy: a retrospective study of 100 pregrancies
Authors: Chahed S , Bannour B , Bannour I , Messaoudi A , Khairi H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in obstetric practice it's prevalence is estimated around 0.3 to 0.7%. Pregnant women with epilepsy are commonly considered to be at high risk for complications during pregnancy or delivery therefore requires targeted and appropriate management.

Objectives
This study evaluated obstetric and neonatal outcome in epileptic pregnant women and to assess targeted management of pregnancy and childbirth.

Methods
Across sectional study was conducted among 100 epileptic patients who gave birth between 2015 and 2019 at the Maternity and Neonatology departments of both Farhat Hached and Monastir University Hospitals.

Results
The mean age of our patients was 29.87 years and 33.7% were primiparous. Only 19% of patients had a planned pregnancy and 71% had at least the 5 recommended prenatal follow-up. Overall 86% of our patients were under and antiepileptic medication and 52% received Folic acid supplementation. The fetal complications were advanced term in (17.85%); premature birth (5.5%); fetal death in utero (2%), low birth weight (4.3%) and macrosomia (8.7%). A significant statistical association was found between poly-therapy, low birth weight (P = 0.01) and fetal death in utero (P = 0.025). A statistical association was found between the use of Larnotrigine and gestational diabetes (p = 0.002).

Conclusions
A significant association of epilepsy, exposure to antiepileptic drugs, and adverse outcomes exists in pregnancy. Management at early stage of pregnancy, or even preconception, seems necessary in view of planning the pregnancy, studying the risks and re-evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment previously used.

Key messages
Pregnant women with epilepsy are commonly considered to be at high risk for complications during pregnancy or delivery. health professionals must planthe pregnancy, studying the risks and re-evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment.
Knowledge about vaccination in Croatian high school population
Authors: Miskulin I , Hac D , Domacinovic T , Kovacevic J , Vukoja I , Miskulin M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Knowledge about vaccination is one of the key determinants of vaccination uptake and it is shaped by different information sources. Future of the vaccination coverage depends on vaccination knowledge and uptake in young generations. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge about vaccination and information sources of this knowledge among Croatian high school students.

Methods
This online cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted during the January 2021 to April 2021 in convenient sample of high school students from north-western part of Croatia.

Results
The study sample consisted of 1012 subjects (29.2% males and 70.8% females). The median age of all subjects was 17.0 (interquartile range (IQR) 17.0 - 18.0) years. According to the knowledge there were 29.5% of students with poor, 53.9% of students with average and 16.6% of students with good knowledge about vaccination. Male students more frequently had poor knowledge about vaccination (P = 0.028). Information source of knowledge about vaccination in study population were internet (39.2%), family and friends (35.2%) and formal education (25.6%). Students who displayed poor knowledge about vaccination more frequently stated internet as dominant source of knowledge about vaccination while students who displayed good knowledge about vaccination more frequently stated formal education as dominant source (P = 0.002).

Conclusions
The study showed that large proportion of Croatian high school students has poor knowledge about vaccination. Furthermore, study revealed that internet was dominant source of information regarding vaccination in study population. Additional education is needed to improve observed situation regarding vaccination knowledge and its sources among Croatian high school students.

Key messages
Improvement of general knowledge regarding vaccination in younger population subgroups is necessary precondition for insuring adequate vaccination coverage in future. Enhancement of the formal education about vaccination in younger population subgroups is crucial element of successful vaccination programs.
Screening for schistosomiasis among Eritrean refugees: a public health priority
Authors: Durieux-Paillard S , Ibañez AM 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Issue
From 2014 to 2020, 24 422 Eritrean refugees arrived in Switzerland. After they applied for asylum in a federal centre, asylum seekers are allocated to the 26 Swiss cantons, among them Geneva. In the University hospitals of Geneva, the Programme Santé Migrants (PSM) is dedicated to ambulatory care for refugees.

Problem
30% of the PSM outpatients are Eritrean. After their arrival in Geneva, asylum seekers get a medical evaluation. We noticed that the Eritrean's health status was poor, due to their long and hazardous migratory journey. Some had a hypereosinophilia and their helminthiasis serologies were positive for schistosomiasis (Schs). We decided to implement a protocol to screen and treat Eritrean patients for Schs. Highlighting this infection among this population was important because: it is a chronic disease which can lead to severe consequences if untreated; 42% of the Swiss refugees are Eritreans; in Switzerland, Praziquantel (PZQ), the treatment of Schs, is not distributed and not refunded by medical insurances. However, our hospital's pharmacy can import PZQ. We analysed 158 medical records of Eritrean patients, to see if the screening protocol was applied.

Results
Among the 158 patients records 72 were women. Mean age 27. 118 (74.7%) of 158 got a Schs serology. 62 (52.5%) were positive or borderline (PB). 29.6% patients with PB had a hypereosinophilia (HE) &gt; 0.5 G/l, and 59% had HE &gt; 5%. None of the negative had HE &gt; 0.5G/l. 44/62 PB had a stools examination and Schs eggs were present among 61% of the P and 18% of the B. 44 (71%) of the 62 PB got a PZQ treatment. Among not treated, 33% were pregnant women.

Lessons
25% of patients did not get the protocol. Electronic warning in the electronic files could help, especially in hospitals with large residents turn over. More than 50% of Eritrean patients had a positive or borderline Schs serology. The treatment (PZQ) is easy to take and effective, but not easily accessible and not free in Switzerland.

Key messages
Schistosomiasis is a frequent disease among Eritrean migrants. Systematic screening should be implemented among them with quality controls. If positive, they should have access to the treatment. European countries should adapt their drug licences and access to treatment to the diversity of the population, taking into account the epidemiology of diseases in the countries of origin.
Climate change, justice and public health
Authors:   Organised by: EuroHealthNet,   Moderator: Caroline Costongs (EuroHealthNet)
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent events have put into sharp relief that the world is facing converging emergencies: health, rising inequalities, and climate change and environmental degradation.
Tackling these challenges requires actions by governments, businesses, communities, and individuals, and concerted strategies across health, environmental, and social sectors. Public health has an important role to play in promoting health in a rapidly changing world, and in ensuring a broad approach to health which considers socio-economic and environmental determinants. This is particularly crucial to ensure that we achieve a net zero carbon economy while simultaneously addressing the social crisis we are facing and improving health and wellbeing for all: achieving a green, healthy and just transition, leaving no one behind regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, and income and education levels.
On the closing day of the UN Climate Change Conference 2021 (COP26), this plenary will discuss the four COP26 goals of ‘Mitigation, Adaptation, Finance and Collaboration', exploring how health and equity can be further mainstreamed within these climate actions. It aims both to inform and to inspire, raising awareness about the interconnected challenges we are facing as well as discussing solutions and actions at different levels that we all can be a part of to ensure the transformational change that is needed.

Speakers:
Maria Neira Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, WHO Hans Bruyninckx European Environment Agency (EEA) Monica Scatasta Technical Assessment and Monitoring Directorate, Council of Europe Development Bank Karolina Fabianova Youth and Environment Europe
The changing culture of silviculture
Authors: Achim Alexis , Moreau Guillaume , Coops Nicholas C , Axelson Jodi N , Barrette Julie , Bédard Steve , Byrne Kenneth E , Caspersen John , Dick Adam R , D'Orangeville Loïc , Drolet Guillaume , Eskelson Bianca N I , Filipescu Cosmin N , Flamand-Hubert Maude , Goodbody Tristan R H , Griess Verena C , Hagerman Shannon M , Keys Kevin , Lafleur Benoit , Girona Miguel Montoro , Morris Dave M , Nock Charles A , Pinno Bradley D , Raymond Patricia , Roy Vincent , Schneider Robert , Soucy Michel , Stewart Bruce , Sylvain Jean-Daniel , Taylor Anthony R , Thiffault Evelyne , Thiffault Nelson , Vepakomma Udaya , White Joanne C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChanging climates are altering the structural and functional components of forest ecosystems at an unprecedented rate. Simultaneously, we are seeing a diversification of public expectations on the broader sustainable use of forest resources beyond timber production. As a result, the science and art of silviculture needs to adapt to these changing realities. In this piece, we argue that silviculturists are gradually shifting from the application of empirically derived silvicultural scenarios to new sets of approaches, methods and practices, a process that calls for broadening our conception of silviculture as a scientific discipline. We propose a holistic view of silviculture revolving around three key themes: observe, anticipate and adapt. In observe, we present how recent advances in remote sensing now enable silviculturists to observe forest structural, compositional and functional attributes in near-real-time, which in turn facilitates the deployment of efficient, targeted silvicultural measures in practice that are adapted to rapidly changing constraints. In anticipate, we highlight the importance of developing state-of-the-art models designed to take into account the effects of changing environmental conditions on forest growth and dynamics. In adapt, we discuss the need to provide spatially explicit guidance for the implementation of adaptive silvicultural actions that are efficient, cost-effective and socially acceptable. We conclude by presenting key steps towards the development of new tools and practical knowledge that will ensure meeting societal demands in rapidly changing environmental conditions. We classify these actions into three main categories: re-examining existing silvicultural trials to identify key stand attributes associated with the resistance and resilience of forests to multiple stressors, developing technological workflows and infrastructures to allow for continuous forest inventory updating frameworks, and implementing bold, innovative silvicultural trials in consultation with the relevant communities where a range of adaptive silvicultural strategies are tested. In this holistic perspective, silviculture can be defined as the science of observing forest condition and anticipating its development to apply tending and regeneration treatments adapted to a multiplicity of desired outcomes in rapidly changing realities.
The F-box protein Bard (CG14317) targets the Smaug RNA-binding protein for destruction during the Drosophila maternal-to-zygotic transition
Authors: Cao Wen Xi , Karaiskakis Angelo , Lin Sichun , Angers Stephane , Lipshitz Howard D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
During the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), which encompasses the earliest stages of animal embryogenesis, a subset of maternally supplied gene products is cleared, thus permitting activation of zygotic gene expression. In the Drosophila melanogaster embryo, the RNA-binding protein Smaug (SMG) plays an essential role in progression through the MZT by translationally repressing and destabilizing a large number of maternal mRNAs. The SMG protein itself is rapidly cleared at the end of the MZT by a Skp/Cullin/F-box (SCF) E3-ligase complex. Clearance of SMG requires zygotic transcription and is required for an orderly MZT. Here, we show that an F-box protein, which we name Bard (encoded by CG14317), is required for degradation of SMG. Bard is expressed zygotically and physically interacts with SMG at the end of the MZT, coincident with binding of the maternal SCF proteins, SkpA and Cullin1, and with degradation of SMG. shRNA-mediated knock-down of Bard or deletion of the bard gene in the early embryo results in stabilization of SMG protein, a phenotype that is rescued by transgenes expressing Bard. Bard thus times the clearance of SMG at the end of the MZT.
Regional wall stress differences on tricuspid aortic valve-associated ascending aortic aneurysms
Authors: Gomez Axel , Wang Zhongjie , Xuan Yue , Hope Michael D , Saloner David A , Guccione Julius M , Ge Liang , Tseng Elaine E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (aTAAs) carry a risk of acute type A dissection. Elective repair guidelines are based on diameter, but complications often occur below diameter threshold. Biomechanically, dissection can occur when wall stress exceeds wall strength. Aneurysm wall stresses may better capture dissection risk. Our aim was to investigate patient-specific aTAA wall stresses associated with a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) by anatomic region.

METHODS
Patients with aneurysm diameter ≥4.0 cm underwent computed tomography angiography. Aneurysm geometries were reconstructed and loaded to systemic pressure while taking prestress into account. Finite element analyses were conducted to obtain wall stress distributions. The 99th percentile longitudinal and circumferential stresses were determined at systole. Wall stresses between regions were compared using one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey HSD for pairwise comparisons.

RESULTS
Peak longitudinal wall stresses on aneurysms (n = 204) were 326 [standard deviation (SD): 61.7], 246 (SD: 63.4) and 195 (SD: 38.7) kPa in sinuses of Valsalva, sinotubular junction (STJ) and ascending aorta (AscAo), respectively, with significant differences between AscAo and both sinuses (P &lt; 0.001) and STJ (P &lt; 0.001). Peak circumferential wall stresses were 416 (SD: 85.1), 501 (SD: 119) and 340 (SD: 57.6) kPa for sinuses, STJ and AscAo, respectively, with significant differences between AscAo and both sinuses (P &lt; 0.001) and STJ (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Circumferential and longitudinal wall stresses were greater in the aortic root than AscAo on aneurysm patients with a TAV. Aneurysm wall stress magnitudes and distribution relative to respective regional wall strength could improve understanding of aortic regions at greater risk of dissection in a particular patient.
Using three-dimensional visualization as an optimal tool to plan and validate an aortopexy in a congenital heart disease patient with severe tracheal stenosis
Authors: Kehl Torben , van Rüth Victoria , Weinrich Julius Matthias , Hübler Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a patient with severe tracheal stenosis resulting from a compression by the innominate artery 6 months after an arterial switch operation in a dextro-transposition of the great arteries. Segmentation and three-dimensional (3D) visualization were derived from a contrast-enhanced dual-source computed tomography and post-processing was performed using a dedicated open-source platform (3D Slicer). Post-processing allowed a comprehensible visualization of the relationship of the innominate artery to the trachea when compared to standard computer tomography reformations. Finally, the surgical approach to move the innominate artery anteriorly in order to relieve the tracheal obstruction was emphasized based on the improved 3D visualization of the actual pathology. An effective aortopexy could be performed and the postoperative result was confirmed by a second 3D visualization. About 3 months of follow-up, the patient is completely asymptomatic. Three-dimensional visualization offers excellent opportunities for diagnosis, treatment planning and follow-up in patients with a vascular-related tracheal stenosis in the context of congenital heart disease.
Alterations of Stress-Related Glucocorticoids and Endocannabinoids in Hair of Chronic Cocaine Users
Authors: Voegel Clarissa D , Kroll Sara L , Schmid Marc W , Kexel Ann-Kathrin , Baumgartner Markus R , Kraemer Thomas , Binz Tina M , Quednow Boris B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Previous research in animals and humans has demonstrated a potential role of stress regulatory systems, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, in the development of substance use disorders. We thus investigated alterations of HPA and eCB markers in individuals with chronic cocaine use disorder by using an advanced hair analysis technique.

Methods
We compared hair concentrations of glucocorticoids (cortisone, cortisol) and the eCBs 2-arachidonylglycerol, anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) between 48 recreational cocaine users (RCU), 25 dependent cocaine users (DCU), and 67 stimulant-naïve controls. Self-reported substance use and hair concentrations of substances were also assessed.

Results
Significantly higher concentrations of hair cortisone were found in RCU and DCU compared with controls. Hair concentrations of OEA and PEA were significantly lower in DCU compared with RCU and controls. Additionally, within cocaine users, elevated cocaine hair concentration was a significant predictor for increased glucocorticoid and decreased OEA hair levels. Moreover, higher 3,4-methyl​enedioxymethamphetamine hair concentration was correlated with elevated cortisone and AEA, OEA, and PEA levels in hair within cocaine users, whereas more self-reported cannabis use was associated with lower eCBs levels in hair across the total sample.

Conclusion
Our findings support the hypothesis that the HPA axis and eCB system might be important regulators for substance use disorders. The mechanistic understanding of changes in glucocorticoid and eCB levels in future research might be a promising pharmacological target to reduce stress-induced craving and relapse specifically in cocaine use disorder.
Delivering universal eye health coverage: a call for more and better eye health funding
Authors: Jones Iain 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Additional resources are urgently needed to tackle the increasing burden of vision impairment, to support the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals, and to live up to the promise to leave no one behind. This commentary reflects on eye health funding in developing economies and calls for a step change in delivering more and better financing and the integration of eye health into universal health coverage. The transformation in funding will need to be done carefully, creatively and collaboratively to ensure that funding results in faster and more sustainable delivery of high quality, affordable eye healthcare for all.
Contesting Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions: The Case of the World Health Organization During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Yang Hai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article examines the (de)legitimation of a global governance institution (GGI) in the throes of a full-blown legitimacy crisis: the World Health Organization (WHO) during the coronavirus pandemic. Substantively, it fleshes out systematically the discursive (de)legitimating practices of six (types of) actors: the Trump administration, US allies, US quality press, global health-scientific community, the WHO, and the Chinese government. To that end, it synthesizes elements from the rich literature on legitimacy and elaborates a conceptual apparatus bolstered by operational sources of legitimacy. Empirically, it is grounded in a qualitative content analysis of a purpose-built data corpus of 458 texts that contain justifications for (de)legitimation. In so doing, this study not only presents a holistic and yet granular view of discursive (de)legitimation by some pivotal actors surrounding the WHO and its pandemic response, but offers general insights on legitimacy and (de)legitimation of GGIs during times of crisis.