bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MFG‐E8 Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Through Dose‐Dependent Mediation of Actin Polymerization
Authors: Chiang Hou‐Yu , Chu Pao‐Hsien , Chen Shao‐Chi , Lee Ting‐Hein 
Published: May 2021

Background
Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the main contributor to neointimal formation. The Arp2/3 (actin‐related proteins 2 and 3) complex activates actin polymerization and is involved in lamellipodia formation during VSMC migration. Milk fat globule‐epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG‐E8) is a glycoprotein expressed in VSMCs. We hypothesized that MFG‐E8 regulates VSMC migration through modulation of Arp2/3‐mediated actin polymerization.

Methods and Results
To determine whether MFG‐E8 is essential for VSMC migration, a model of neointimal hyperplasia was induced in the common carotid artery of wild‐type and MFG‐E8 knockout mice, and the extent of neointimal formation was evaluated. Genetic deletion of MFG‐E8 in mice attenuated injury‐induced neointimal hyperplasia. Cultured VSMCs deficient in MFG‐E8 exhibited decreased cell migration. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting revealed decreased Arp2 but not Arp3 expression in the common carotid arteries and VSMCs deficient in MFG‐E8. Exogenous administration of recombinant MFG‐E8 biphasically and dose‐dependently regulated the cultured VSMCs. At a low concentration, MFG‐E8 upregulated Arp2 expression. By contrast, MFG‐E8 at a high concentration reduced the Arp2 level and significantly attenuated actin assembly. Arp2 upregulation mediated by low‐dose MFG‐E8 was abolished by treating cultured VSMCs with β1 integrin function‐blocking antibody and Rac1 inhibitors. Moreover, treatment of the artery with a high dose of recombinant MFG‐E8 diminished injury‐induced neointimal hyperplasia and reduced VSMC migration.

Conclusions
MFG‐E8 plays a critical role in VSMC migration through dose‐dependent regulation of Arp2‐mediated actin polymerization. These findings suggest that high doses of MFG‐E8 may have therapeutic potential for treating vascular occlusive diseases.
Georg Bartisch’s Ophthalmodouleia and His Theory of Painting and Drawing
Authors: Berger Susanna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper examines how the Dresden artist and oculist Georg Bartisch (1535–ca. 1607) transformed theoretical discussions around painting and drawing, insofar as he connected the hand and mind of the artist with those of the surgeon. Bartisch articulated his theories about the links between painting and drawing, on the one hand, and surgical prowess, on the other, in a manuscript on lithotomy entitled Kunstbuch (1575), and in another tract entitled Ophthalmodouleia, das ist Augendienst (1583) which deals with ailments or wounds of the eye and their treatment. Through an analysis of the Ophthalmodouleia’s text and images alongside comparative references to the Kunstbuch and other sixteenth-century sources – from vernacular ophthalmology tracts to observationes and Kunstbücher – this paper uncovers Bartisch’s theory that expertise in painting and drawing guarantees physical and mental dexterity in surgery.
Is Backlist the New Frontlist?
Authors: Berglund Karl , Steiner Ann 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Streaming services for audiobooks and ebooks have grown rapidly in recent years. The shift in consumption patterns has transformed both reading and publishing. One visible change is the attraction and importance of backlist titles. The article investigates how the relationship between frontlist and backlist in the bestseller segment has developed, and discusses the shift in the power balance between the two. By examining large-scale consumer behaviour data (6.23 million streams) from one of the key players in subscription-based digital bookselling – Storytel – we track book consumption both in detail and at a structural level. Our results show that backlist titles are increasingly important for bestselling authors who continue to publish frontlist titles, especially for fiction written in series. Streaming services foster new types of book consumption behaviour thanks to a combination of technology, media, reading habits, and social change.
What controls the deep cycle? Proxies for equatorial turbulence.
Authors: Smyth W. D. , Warner S. J. , Moum J. N. , Pham H. , Sarkar S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFactors thought to influence deep cycle turbulence in the equatorial Pacific are examined statistically for their predictive capacity using a 13-year moored record that includes microstructure measurements of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate. Wind stress and mean current shear are found to be most predictive of the dissipation rate. Those variables, together with the solar buoyancy flux and the diurnal mixed layer thickness, are combined to make a pair of useful parameterizations. The uncertainty in these predictions is typically 50% greater than the uncertainty in present-day in situ measurements. To illustrate the use of these parameterizations, the record of deep cycle turbulence, measured directly since 2005, is extended back to 1990 based on historical mooring data. The extended record is used to refine our understanding of the seasonal variation of deep cycle turbulence.
Impact of SST and Surface Waves on Hurricane Florence (2018): A Coupled Modeling Investigation
Authors: Zambon Joseph B. , He Ruoying , Warner John C. , Hegermiller Christie A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHurricane Florence (2018) devastated the coastal communities of the Carolinas through heavy rainfall that resulted in massive flooding. Florence was characterized by an abrupt reduction in intensity (Saffir–Simpson category 4 to category 1) just prior to landfall and synoptic-scale interactions that stalled the storm over the Carolinas for several days. We conducted a series of numerical modeling experiments in coupled and uncoupled configurations to examine the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean waves on storm characteristics. In addition to experiments using a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean–wave model, we introduced the capability of the atmospheric model to modulate wind stress and surface fluxes by ocean waves through data from an uncoupled wave model. We examined these experiments by comparing track, intensity, strength, SST, storm structure, wave height, surface roughness, heat fluxes, and precipitation in order to determine the impacts of resolving ocean conditions with varying degrees of coupling. We found differences in the storm’s intensity and strength, with the best correlation coefficient of intensity (r = 0.89) and strength (r = 0.95) coming from the fully coupled simulations. Further analysis into surface roughness parameterizations added to the atmospheric model revealed differences in the spatial distribution and magnitude of the largest roughness lengths. Adding ocean and wave features to the model further modified the fluxes due to more realistic cooling beneath the storm, which in turn modified the precipitation field. Our experiments highlight significant differences in how air–sea processes impact hurricane modeling. The storm characteristics of track, intensity, strength, and precipitation at landfall are crucial to predictability and forecasting of future landfalling hurricanes.
A Climate Change Impact Assessment (CCIA) of Key Indicators and Critical Thresholds for Viticulture and Oenology in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Beech Nathan , Hewer Micah J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGrape growth and wine production are both closely connected with weather and climate, making anthropogenic climate change a source of great uncertainty for the grape and wine industries. To assess the impacts of climate change on viticulture and oenology in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada, where no such assessment has been published to this date, a series of key indicators and critical thresholds were selected based on their relevance to the local climatology. Trends among these indicators and thresholds were calculated over a historic period (1970-2019) and projected over the 21st century for one intermediate-emissions and one high-emissions climate change scenario. Historic trends were assessed using Environment and Climate Change Canada weather station data from Abbotsford, British Columbia. Two statistical downscaling methods were evaluated based on their ability to reproduce observed conditions in the Fraser Valley and the most effective method was used to create projections of local, daily climate change scenarios. During the historic period, temperatures increased significantly, while precipitation and moisture variables displayed insignificant trends, reflecting the trends observed across other wine regions in Canada and the Northwestern United States. Throughout the 21st century, warming is expected to continue while precipitation decreases modestly. Extreme heat is projected to become far more frequent, while extreme cold and potential frost days become rare. In the short term, modifications to vineyard and winery operations may be sufficient adaptation strategies. Over the long term, new grape varieties will most likely need to be planted in existing vineyards and suitability for cool-climate varieties may shift northward in direction or upward in elevation.
Characteristics of Adults Who Use Both Marijuana and E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products: A Cross-Sectional Study, Utah, 2018
Authors: Lewis Nathaniel M. , Friedrichs Michael , Wagstaff Shelly S. , Nakashima Allyn K. , Dunn Angela C. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives Among young people, dual use of marijuana and e-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) is linked with using more inhalant substances and other substances, and poorer mental health. To understand antecedents and potential risks of dual use in adults, we analyzed a representative adult population in Utah. Methods We used data from the 2018 Utah Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 10 380) and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate differences in sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and risk factors among adults aged ≥18 who reported currently using both EVPs (any substance) and marijuana (any intake mode), compared with a referent group of adults who used either or neither. Results Compared with the referent group, adults using EVPs and marijuana had greater odds of being aged 18-29 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 12.44; 95% CI, 6.15-25.14) or 30-39 (aOR = 3.75; 95% CI, 1.73-8.12) versus ≥40, being male (aOR = 3.29; 95% CI, 1.82-5.96) versus female, reporting ≥14 days of poor mental health in previous 30 days (aOR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.23-4.32) versus <14 days, and reporting asthma (aOR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.02-4.31), chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (aOR = 2.94; 95% CI, 1.19-7.93), currently smoking cigarettes (aOR = 4.56; 95% CI, 2.63-7.93), or past-year use of prescribed chronic pain medications (aOR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.06-4.30), all versus not. Conclusions Clinicians and health promotion specialists working with adults using both EVPs and marijuana should assess risk factors and comorbidities that could contribute to dual use or associated outcomes and tailor prevention messaging accordingly.
Pre-Existing Psychiatric Illness Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Delirium in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Kalra Saminder Singh , Jaber Johnny , Alzghoul Bashar N. , Hyde Ryan , Parikh Sarina , Urbine Daniel , Reddy Raju 
Published: May 2021

Background: Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are highly susceptible to developing delirium for a multitude of reasons. Previous studies have linked pre-existing depression with an increased risk of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. However, the evidence regarding the association between pre-existing psychiatric illnesses and delirium in ARDS patients is unknown. In this study, we aim to determine the relationship between pre-existing psychiatric illness and the risk of development of delirium amongst ARDS patients. Study Design and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of a mixed group of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2016 and December 2019 with a diagnosis of ARDS per the Berlin definition. The study group was divided into 2 cohorts: subjects with delirium and subjects without delirium. Comparison between the 2 groups was conducted to examine the impact of pre-existing psychiatric illnesses including major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for benzodiazepine use, sedatives, analgesics, sequential organ failure assessment score, and corticosteroid use to determine the association between pre-existing psychiatric disorders and delirium. Results: 286 patients with ARDS were identified; 124 (43%) of whom were diagnosed with ICU delirium. In patients diagnosed with ICU delirium, 49.2% were found to have preexisting psychiatric illnesses, compared to 34.0% without any preexisting psychiatric illness (OR = 1.94, P = 0.01). In a subgroup analysis of individual psychiatric illnesses, GAD and MDD were associated with the development of delirium (OR = 1.88, P = 0.04 and OR = 1.76, P = 0.05 respectively). Interpretation: ARDS patients with preexisting psychiatric illnesses, particularly GAD and MDD are associated with an increased risk of developing ICU delirium. Clinicians should be aware of the effect of psychiatric co-morbidities on developing delirium in critically ill patients.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and End-of-Life Care Between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Muslim Patients During the 2020 Pandemic
Authors: Khalid Imran , Imran Maryam , Yamani Romaysaa M. , Imran Manahil , Akhtar Muhammad Ali , Khalid Tabindeh Jabeen 
Published: May 2021

Background: Little is known about end-of-life care among Muslim patients, particularly during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic, which we report here. Methods: The clinical characteristics, end-of-life care and resuscitation status of Muslim patients who died in the ICU of our tertiary care hospital in year 2020 from COVID were compared to Non-COVID patients. Results: There were 32 patients in COVID and 64 in the Non-COVID group. A major proportion, mainly of Non-COVID patients, already had a hospice eligible terminal disease at baseline (p=.002). COVID patients were admitted to the ICU sooner after hospitalization (2.2 vs. 17 days), had prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation (18.5 vs. 6 days) and longer ICU stay (24 vs. 8 days) than non-COVID patients, respectively (p<.001). Almost all patients were “Full Code” initially. However, status was eventually changed to ‘do-not-attempt resuscitation’ (DNAR) in about 60% of the cohort. COVID patients were made DNAR late in their ICU stay, predominantly in the last 24 hours of life (p=.04). Until the very end, patients in both groups were on tube feeds, underwent blood draws and imaging, required high dose vasopressors, with few limitations or withdrawal of therapies. Family members were usually not present at bedside at time of death. There was minimal involvement of chaplain and palliative care services. Conclusions: Muslim COVID-19 patients had prolonged mechanical ventilation and ICU stay and a delayed decision to DNAR status than non-COVID Muslim patients. Limitation or withdrawal of therapy occurred infrequently. The utilization of chaplain and palliative care service needs improvement.
Reproductive geography: Reproducing whiteness?
Authors: Bagelman Jen , Gitome Josephine 
Published: May 2021

This dialogue begins with the question of ‘contraction’ and explores how this embodied concept may help expand our thinking on reproductive geographies. Following our interlocutors’ lead, we think with (and against) Jane Bennett and her work on dilation here. We go on to think about these contractions in relation to various ‘contracts’ – not least those forged between researcher and participant. Here we delve into questions of what a ‘non-participatory action research’ contract might look like. We then conclude by taking seriously the following question: why is there still a prevailing whiteness in reproductive geographies?
Inhibition of lateral shoot formation by RNA interference and chemically induced mutations to genes expressed in the axillary meristem of Nicotiana tabacum L.
Authors: Hamano Kaori , Sato Seiki , Arai Masao , Negishi Yuta , Nakamura Takashi , Komatsu Tomoyuki , Naragino Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Shoichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Lateral branches vigorously proliferate in tobacco after the topping of the inflorescence portions of stems for the maturation of the leaves to be harvested. Therefore, tobacco varieties with inhibited lateral shoot formation are highly desired by tobacco farmers.

Results
Genetic inhibition of lateral shoot formation was attempted in tobacco. Two groups of genes were examined by RNA interference. The first group comprised homologs of the genes mediating lateral shoot formation in other plants, whereas the second group included genes highly expressed in axillary bud primordial stages. Although “primary” lateral shoots that grew after the plants were topped off when flower buds emerged were unaffected, the growth of “secondary” lateral shoots, which were detected on the abaxial side of the primary lateral shoot base, was significantly suppressed in the knock-down lines of NtLs, NtBl1, NtREV, VE7, and VE12. Chemically induced mutations to NtLs, NtBl1, and NtREV similarly inhibited the development of secondary and “tertiary” lateral shoots, but not primary lateral shoots. The mutations to NtLs and NtBl1 were incorporated into an elite variety by backcrossing. The agronomic characteristics of the backcross lines were examined in field trials conducted in commercial tobacco production regions. The lines were generally suitable for tobacco leaf production and may be useful as new tobacco varieties.

Conclusion
The suppressed expression of NtLs, NtBl1, NtREV, VE7, or VE12 inhibited the development of only the secondary and tertiary lateral shoots in tobacco. The mutant lines may benefit tobacco farmers by minimizing the work required to remove secondary and tertiary lateral shoots that emerge when farmers are harvesting leaves, which is a labor-intensive process.
The NAC side of the fruit: tuning of fruit development and maturation
Authors: Forlani Sara , Mizzotti Chiara , Masiero Simona 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFruits and seeds resulting from fertilization of flowers, represent an incredible evolutionary advantage in angiosperms and have seen them become a critical element in our food supply.Many studies have been conducted to reveal how fruit matures while protecting growing seeds and ensuring their dispersal. As result, several transcription factors involved in fruit maturation and senescence have been isolated both in model and crop plants. These regulators modulate several cellular processes that occur during fruit ripening such as chlorophyll breakdown, tissue softening, carbohydrates and pigments accumulation.The NAC superfamily of transcription factors is known to be involved in almost all these aspects of fruit development and maturation. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge regarding NACs that modulate fruit ripening in model species (Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum) and in crops of commercial interest (Oryza sativa, Malus domestica, Fragaria genus, Citrus sinensis and Musa acuminata).
Leveraging electronic health records to improve management of noncommunicable diseases at primary healthcare centres in Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study
Authors: Hazazi Ahmed , Wilson Andrew 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Electronic Health Records (EHRs) can contribute to the earlier detection and better treatment of chronic diseases by improving accuracy and accessibility of patient data. The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) implemented an EHR system in all primary health care clinics (PHCs) as part of measures to improve their performance in managing chronic disease. This study examined the perspective of physicians on the current scope and content of NCDs management at PHCs including the contribution of the EHR system.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 physicians working in chronic disease clinics at PHCs covering a range of locations and clinic sizes. The participants were selected based on their expertise using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling. The interviews were transcribed, analyzed and coded into the key themes.

Results
Physicians indicated that the availability of the EHR helped organise their work and positively influenced NCDs patient encounters in their PHCs. They emphasised the multiple benefits of EHR in terms of efficiency, including the accuracy of patient documentation and the availability of patient information. Shortcomings identified included the lack of a patient portal to allow patients to access information about their health and lack of capacity to facilitate multi-disciplinary care for example through referral to allied health services. Access to the EHR was limited to MOH primary healthcare centres and clinicians noted that patients also received care in private clinics and hospitals.

Conclusion
While well regarded by clinicians, the EHR system impact on patient care at chronic disease clinics is not being fully realised. Enabling patient access to their EHR would be help promote self-management, a core attribute of effective NCD management. Co-ordination of care is another core attribute and in the Saudi health system with multiple public and private providers, this may be substantially improved if the patients EHR was accessible wherever care was provided. There is also a need for enhanced capacity to support improving patient’s nutrition and physical activity.
Prevalence of group B streptococcus colonization in pregnant women in Jiangsu, East China
Authors: Ge Yanmei , Pan Fei , Bai Rui , Mao Yuan , Ji Wenli , Wang Fenfang , Tong Huacheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis. However, GBS was infrequently reported in the developing world in contrast to western countries. This study assessed the prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women in Jiangsu, East China, and revealed the difference of GBS infection between culture and PCR.

Methods
A total of 16,184 pregnant women at 34 to 37 weeks’ gestation aged 16–47 years were recruited from Nanjing Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory. Nine thousand twenty-two pregnant women received GBS screening by PCR detection only. Seven thousand one hundred sixty-two pregnant women received GBS screening by bacterial culture and GBS-positive samples were tested for antibiotic resistance.

Results
The overall GBS positive rate was 8.7% by PCR and 3.5% by culture. Colonization rate was highest in the “25–29 years” age group. The 249 GBS-positive samples which detected by culture were all sensitive to penicillin. The prevalence of resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and levofloxacin was 77.5, 68.3, and 52.2%, respectively.

Conclusions
This study revealed the data on the prevalence of GBS colonization in pregnant women at 34 to 37 weeks’ gestation in Jiangsu, East China. It compared the difference of the sensitivity to detect GBS between PCR and culture. PCR was expected to become a quick method in pregnancy women conventional detection of GBS infection.