bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic optimum plant density of sweet corn does not increase root lodging incidence
Authors: Williams Martin , Hausman Nicholas , Dhaliwal Daljeet , Grift Tony , Bohn Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExploitation of plant density tolerance in sweet corn (Zea mays L.), including the use of density‐tolerant hybrids at plant densities that optimize economic returns (hereafter called economic optimum plant density), has the potential to improve profitability. Multiple experimental approaches, including artificially created root lodging events in field trials and natural root lodging events in growers’ fields, were used to determine if economic optimum plant densities, compared with current plant densities, increase incidence of root lodging in sweet corn. An artificially created root lodging experiment over multiple years showed the environment in which sweet corn is grown is far more important to the effects of root lodging than plant density. In trials with natural root lodging events, results showed commercial sweet corn hybrids differed greatly in their susceptibility to root lodging, with some cultivars tolerant across all plant densities. Across 16 experimental comparisons of sweet corn response to plant density where natural root lodging was observed, including seven environments and 11 commercial hybrids, there was no difference in root lodging between current and economic optimum plant densities. Factors other than plant density dominate the crop's potential for, and recovery from, root lodging in growers’ fields, namely, the hybrid and the environment in which the crop is grown.
2D Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Thin‐Film Nanocomposite Membranes for Reverse Osmosis and Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Authors: Li Feng , Liu Theo Dongyu , Xie Silijia , Guan Jian , Zhang Sui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for membrane‐based liquid separations due to their intrinsic microporosity, but many are limited by their insufficient stability. In this work, a copper‐benzoquinoid (Cu‐THQ) MOF was synthesized and demonstrated structural stability in water and organic solvents. After incorporation into the polyamide layer, the hydrophilicity of the membranes was enhanced. The resultant thin‐film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes broke the permeability‐selectivity tradeoff by showing 242 % increase in water permeance and slightly enhanced salt rejection at MOF loading of 0.0192 mg cm−2. The underlying mechanism was probed by different chemical and morphological characterizations. The membranes also showed improved tolerance to chlorine oxidation. With their excellent stability, the Cu‐THQ MOF‐based membranes further demonstrated impressive performance in organic solvent nanofiltration involving dimethylformamide.
Water availability modifies productivity response to biodiversity and nitrogen in long‐term grassland experiments
Authors: Kazanski Clare E. , Cowles Jane , Dymond Salli , Clark Adam T. , David Aaron S. , Jungers Jacob M. , Kendig Amy E. , Riggs Charlotte E. , Trost Jared , Wei Xiaojing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiversity and nitrogen addition have positive relationships with plant productivity, yet climate‐induced changes in water availability threaten to upend these established relationships. Using long‐term data from three experiments in a mesic grassland (ranging from 17 to 34 yr of data), we tested how the effects of species richness and nitrogen addition on community‐level plant productivity changed as a function of annual fluctuations in water availability using growing season precipitation and the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). While results varied across experiments, our findings demonstrate that water availability can magnify the positive effects of both biodiversity and nitrogen addition on productivity. These results suggest that productivity responses to anthropogenic species diversity loss and increasing nitrogen deposition could depend on precipitation regimes, highlighting the importance of testing interactions between multiple global change drivers.
Trophic cascade in a marine protected area with artificial reefs: spiny lobster predation mitigates urchin barrens
Authors: Kawamata Shigeru , Taino Seiya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn ultimate benefit of marine protected areas (MPAs) is to reverse trophic cascades caused by human‐driven collapse of critical ecological interactions. Here we demonstrate that, despite a small scale (0.28 km2) and not being fully protected, an MPA with strict fishing management and habitat enhancement by artificial reefs (ARs) in southwest Japan can lead to well‐established macroalgal communities on widespread sea urchin barrens through cascading effects of predator recovery. Areas with low urchin densities occurred in and around daytime lobster (Panulirus japonicus) shelters primarily formed by quarry‐rock ARs inside the MPA. We confirmed in the laboratory that lobsters preyed on two dominant sea urchins (Echinometra sp. A and Heliocidaris crassispina), with size‐ and species‐dependent predation. The area with few urchins extended farther (˜65 m) from an AR with numerous lobsters than from a natural shelter (patch reef) with far fewer lobsters. Causation of this pattern was confirmed by a tethering experiment showing that predation on urchins was similarly high at and near lobster shelters but decreased at ˜100 m from the AR to a similar level as at an unprotected site. Time‐lapse photography revealed that predation on tethered urchins was due mostly to the largest size class of lobsters (>100 mm carapace length), which comprised only 7% of the population, highlighting the importance of large‐sized lobsters in controlling urchin abundance in localized areas adjacent to urchin‐dominated barrens. Despite an ongoing once‐a‐year fishing event permitted within the MPA, lobster populations were persistent, demonstrating that the cascading effect of the lobsters on urchins and ultimately macroalgae was robust to temporary reductions in predator population size. Erect macroalgal cover was not simply accounted for by snapshot urchin density or biomass, suggesting a hysteresis effect of the phase shifts between macroalgal dominance and urchin barren states.
How do Various Reaction Parameters Influence Anomeric Selectivity in Chemical Glycosylation with Thioglycosides and NIS/TfOH Activation?
Authors: Trinderup Helle H. , Andersen Sofie M. , Heuckendorff Mads , Jensen Henrik H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe reaction of glycosyl donor phenyl 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐benzyl‐1‐thio‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside with NIS/TfOH(cat.) was systematically studied under various reaction conditions. Neither the molecular sieve pore size nor amount of NIS activator was found to have an effect on the α/β‐ratio in the reaction with L‐menthol as glycosyl acceptor. Increasing concentration and the amount of triflic acid catalyst, however was found to increase the β‐selectivity in certain cases. Moreover, lowering temperature was found to have a strong effect on the glycosylation outcome.
Resonance, stickiness, and the value propositions of Evaluation Capacity Building: Key takeaways and future directions
Authors: Hargraves Monica , Buckley Jane , Urban Jennifer Brown , Linver Miriam R. , Chauveron Lisa M. , Samtani Satabdi , Archibald Thomas , Moorman Leslie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study of program participants’ responses to an innovative project called the Partnerships for Advancing Character program Evaluation (PACE), which operationalized a Relational Systems Evaluation (RSE) approach to Evaluation Capacity Building (ECB). We examine which tools and concepts from PACE resonated with participants and were sustained, and why. Analysis of participant interviews yielded sixteen distinct value propositions that they associated with the PACE training. Importantly, a number of them extend beyond evaluation to include contributions to other aspects of program professionals’ work responsibilities and work life. We explore the relationships between the most widely valued PACE tools and concepts and the value propositions they were associated with. These discoveries about the potential value propositions for the RSE approach to ECB hold promise for efforts to increase investment in evaluation capacity, and to strengthen the transfer of learning that is needed for evaluation to be embedded and sustained in organizations.
Quantifying snow water equivalent using terrestrial ground penetrating radar and unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry
Authors: Yildiz Semih , Akyurek Zuhal , Binley Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study demonstrates the potential value of a combined unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Photogrammetry and ground penetrating radar (GPR) approach to map snow water equivalent (SWE) over large scales. SWE estimation requires two different physical parameters (snow depth and density), which are currently difficult to measure with the spatial and temporal resolution desired for basin‐wide studies. UAV photogrammetry can provide very high‐resolution spatially continuous snow depths (SD) at the basin scale, but does not measure snow densities. GPR allows nondestructive quantitative snow investigation if the radar velocity is known. Using photogrammetric snow depths and GPR two‐way travel times (TWT) of reflections at the snow‐ground interface, radar velocities in snowpack can be determined. Snow density (RSN) is then estimated from the radar propagation velocity (which is related to electrical permittivity of snow) via empirical formulas. A Phantom‐4 Pro UAV and a MALA GX450 HDR model GPR mounted on a ski mobile were used to determine snow parameters. A snow‐free digital surface model (DSM) was obtained from the photogrammetric survey conducted in September 2017. Then, another survey in synchronization with a GPR survey was conducted in February 2019 whilst the snowpack was approximately at its maximum thickness. Spatially continuous snow depths were calculated by subtracting the snow‐free DSM from the snow‐covered DSM. Radar velocities in the snowpack along GPR survey lines were computed by using UAV‐based snow depths and GPR reflections to obtain snow densities and SWEs. The root mean square error of the obtained SWEs (384 mm average) is 63 mm, indicating good agreement with independent SWE observations and the error lies within acceptable uncertainty limits.
Development and validation of nomograms predicting cancer‐specific survival of vulvar cancer patients: based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program
Authors: Liu Jin , Wang Mengqiao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore potential prognostic factors and develop nomograms to predict the cancer‐specific survival of patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and patients with vulvar melanoma.MethodsCases of vulvar SCC and melanoma were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, and randomly segregated into training and test sets. Based on the training set, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions evaluate the association between key demographic/clinical characteristics and vulvar cancer survival. Potential prognostic factors were included to construct nomograms for the prediction of 3‐year and 5‐year survival probabilities.ResultsAge, tumor size, stage, surgery, and chemotherapy were potential factors associated with vulvar cancer survival. The C‐indices for the training and test sets were 0.82 and 0.81 for SCC, and 0.73 and 0.70 for melanoma. Calibration curves revealed correlated agreements between nomogram‐based probability and actual survival status.ConclusionNomograms were developed to predict cancer‐specific survival of patients with vulvar cancer, accordingly identifying the subgroup at high risk of cancer‐specific mortality.
Golf course condition and playability beyond the greens
Authors: Brown Stewart , Fry John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGolf course standards are an important element to enable effective performance‐based management, which can optimise resource efficiency, and attain player satisfaction. It is important, therefore, to establish the current knowledge and awareness of what criteria exist for optimum golf course management. This paper draws together the relevant academic and industry research undertaken in the area to establish the current level of understanding. This review is corroborated with surveys conducted with a range of key industry stakeholders. Results indicate that resources are, and will continue, to be limiting factor in golf course performance, however, player expectation for “quality” remains high. Development of industry standards, that allow a level of flexibility, means course managers and club officials have an increased chance of determining how well they can balance the complex dynamic of balancing available resources with meeting player expectations.
Popular Culture Remixes as an Opening for Critical Dialogue with ELA Teacher Candidates
Authors: Wright William Terrell 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this case study, ELA teacher candidates used video editing software to create mash‐ups of popular YouTube videos in order to express critical commentaries about a range of educational issues and perspectives. Operating from a critical media literacies framework, candidates researched dissenting ways teaching and school(ing) were represented on the site. After collecting and downloading videos across a range of sentiments, candidates engaged in the cultural practice of digital remix to provoke encounters between perspectives and upend rhetoric or representations they hoped to challenge in their future teaching. Final mash‐ups included commentaries ranging from the authenticity of teacher–student relationships, the desire to be creative in standardized schooling environments, and the importance of engaging students in ongoing social conversations. Instructor reflections are shared as well as implications regarding the power of remix to foster candidates’ sense of agency over the many fraught depictions of the profession they are entering into.
Controversies, Rivalries, and Representation: Sports Culture as a Site for Research and Inquiry
Authors: Rodesiler Luke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFraming sports culture as a viable site for research and inquiry in the English language arts classroom, this article documents an investigation into the opportunities for research and inquiry teachers provided for students in selected secondary sports literature classes. Data collection involved gathering teacher‐ and student‐generated artifacts, observing classroom instruction, and conducting interviews with teachers and students. Data analysis produced findings that account for three distinct research opportunities: (1) contemporary issues research calling for students to explore “controversial topics" in sports culture; (2) a historical synthesis positioning students to investigate historic sports rivalries; and (3) a media analysis requiring students to replicate published research into the representation of female athletes in media. The study contributes to recent efforts scholars have made to advance the study of sports culture and related texts as a viable approach to teaching English language arts in ways that honor students’ interests and experiences.
Osteoblasts Generate Testosterone From DHEA and Activate Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Moon Henry H , Clines Katrina L , O'Day Patrick J , Al-Barghouthi Basel M , Farber Emily A , Farber Charles R , Auchus Richard J , Clines Gregory A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Bone metastasis is a complication of prostate cancer in up to 90% of men afflicted with advanced disease. Therapies that reduce androgen exposure remain at the forefront of treatment. However, most prostate cancers transition to a state whereby reducing testicular androgen action becomes ineffective. A common mechanism of this transition is intratumoral production of testosterone (T) using the adrenal androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) through enzymatic conversion by 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3βHSD and 17βHSD). Given the ability of prostate cancer to form blastic metastases in bone, we hypothesized that osteoblasts might be a source of androgen synthesis. RNA expression analyses of murine osteoblasts and human bone confirmed that at least one 3βHSD and 17βHSD enzyme isoform was expressed, suggesting that osteoblasts are capable of generating androgens from adrenal DHEA. Murine osteoblasts were treated with 100 nM and 1 μM DHEA or vehicle control. Conditioned media from these osteoblasts were assayed for intermediate and active androgens by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. As DHEA was consumed, the androgen intermediates androstenediol and androstenedione were generated and subsequently converted to T. Conditioned media of DHEA-treated osteoblasts increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production, and cell numbers of the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines C4-2B and LNCaP. DHEA did not induce AR signaling in osteoblasts despite AR expression in this cell type. We describe an unreported function of osteoblasts as a source of T that is especially relevant during androgen-responsive metastatic prostate cancer invasion into bone. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Neonatal Osteomacs and Bone Marrow Macrophages Differ in Phenotypic Marker Expression and Function
Authors: Mohamad Safa F , Gunawan Andrea , Blosser Rachel , Childress Paul , Aguilar-Perez Alexandra , Ghosh Joydeep , Hong Jung Min , Liu Jianyun , Kanagasabapathy Deepa , Kacena Melissa A , Srour Edward F , Bruzzaniti Angela 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Osteomacs (OM) are specialized bone-resident macrophages that are a component of the hematopoietic niche and support bone formation. Also located in the niche are a second subset of macrophages, namely bone marrow–derived macrophages (BM Mφ). We previously reported that a subpopulation of OM co-express both CD166 and CSF1R, the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), and that OM form more bone-resorbing osteoclasts than BM Mφ. Reported here are single-cell quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), mass cytometry (CyTOF), and marker-specific functional studies that further identify differences between OM and BM Mφ from neonatal C57Bl/6 mice. Although OM express higher levels of CSF1R and MCSF, they do not respond to MCSF-induced proliferation, in contrast to BM Mφ. Moreover, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), without the addition of MCSF, was sufficient to induce osteoclast formation in OM but not BM Mφ cultures. OM express higher levels of CD166 than BM Mφ, and we found that osteoclast formation by CD166−/− OM was reduced compared with wild-type (WT) OM, whereas CD166−/− BM Mφ showed enhanced osteoclast formation. CD110/c-Mpl, the receptor for thrombopoietin (TPO), was also higher in OM, but TPO did not alter OM-derived osteoclast formation, whereas TPO stimulated BM Mφ osteoclast formation. CyTOF analyses demonstrated OM uniquely co-express CD86 and CD206, markers of M1 and M2 polarized macrophages, respectively. OM performed equivalent phagocytosis in response to LPS or IL-4/IL-10, which induce polarization to M1 and M2 subtypes, respectively, whereas BM Mφ were less competent at phagocytosis when polarized to the M2 subtype. Moreover, in contrast to BM Mφ, LPS treatment of OM led to the upregulation of CD80, an M1 marker, as well as IL-10 and IL-6, known anti-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, these data reveal that OM and BM Mφ are distinct subgroups of macrophages, whose phenotypic and functional differences in proliferation, phagocytosis, and osteoclast formation may contribute physiological specificity during health and disease. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis reveals kinase activity profiling associated with heart failure
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Tian Saisai , Wu Chennan , Yan Li , Wan Jingjing , Zhang Jinbo , Liu Xia , Zhang Weidong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeart failure is a complex clinical syndrome originating from cardiac injury, which leads to considerable morbidity and mortality. Among the dynamic molecular adaptations occurring in heart failure development, aggravation of the disease is often attributed to global or local abnormality of the kinase. Therefore, the overall monitoring of kinase activity is indispensable. In this study, a bioinformatics analysis method was developed to conduct deep mining of transcriptome and phosphoproteome in failing heart tissue. A total of 982 differentially expressed genes and 9781 phosphorylation sites on 3252 proteins were identified. Via upstream regulator relations and kinase‐substrate relations, a dendrogram of kinases can be constructed to monitor its abnormality. The results show that, on the dendrogram, the distribution of kinases demonstrated complex kinase activity changes and certain rules that occur during heart failure. Finally, we also identified the hub kinases in heart failure and verified the expression of these kinases by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. In conclusion, for the first time, we have systematically analyzed the differences in kinases during heart failure and provided an unprecedented breadth of multi‐omics data. These results can bring about a sufficient data foundation and novel research perspectives.
The Holocene record of Alberca de Tacámbaro, a tropical lake in western Mexico: evidence of orbital and millennial‐scale climatic variability
Authors: Ortega‐Guerrero Beatriz , Caballero Margarita , Israde‐AlcáNtara Isabel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTLaminated sediments in a core from Alberca de Tacámbaro, western central Mexico, provide a high‐resolution record of palaeoclimatic variability for most of the Holocene. Using compositional and textural characteristics we identified 14 facies classified in biogenic, clastic and volcaniclastic groups, in which diatoms and other algal remains are the most common components. In addition to facies analysis, high‐resolution geochemical data from continuous core scanning XRF and the analysis of discrete samples for organic and inorganic carbon content, provide the basis for palaeoclimatic reconstruction. The age model indicates that the record spans from 9.4 cal ka bp toad 1760. Three main phases in the sequence are identified, controlled by millennial‐scale variability. During the period between 9.4 and 5.7 cal kabp, the lake is dominated by siliceous organisms. Drier conditions between 8.2 and 6.3 cal kabp are linked to decreases in summer insolation and solar irradiance. By 5.7 cal kabp, the change in sedimentation is related to the increase in El Niño Southern Oscillation frequency. Evidence of the occurrence of dry conditions during the archaeological Late Classic period (ad 600–900) and historical droughts are also documented in the Alberca de Tacámbaro record. Unprecedented changes in the landscape are recorded afterad 1520.