bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the cytological features of olfactory neuroblastoma: A retrospective single‐center study
Authors: Okano Kimiaki , Ishida Mitsuaki , Sandoh Kaori , Ito Hiroko , Fujisawa Takuo , Iwai Hiroshi , Tsuta Koji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOlfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant neuroectodermal tumor. Due to the rarity, there are scarce reports describing the cytological features of ONB. Thus, we aimed to analyze these cytological features and discuss their differences depending on the histological grading of ONB. Patients with a histopathological diagnosis of ONB who underwent fine‐needle aspiration cytology were enrolled in the study. The cytological features, including arrangement and shape of neoplastic cells, nuclear features, and presence of rosettes, were analyzed. Eight patients with ONB were enrolled; cytological specimens of seven patients were obtained from metastatic lesions and that of one patient were obtained from the nasal cavity tumor. The cytological specimens demonstrated variable‐sized clusters of neoplastic cells and single cells. Two‐cell pattern, composed of large‐sized viable neoplastic cells and small‐sized apoptotic cells, was noted in 3 of 4 high‐grade ONBs but in none of 4 low‐grade ONBs. This reflects that the presence of the two‐cell pattern may represent higher proliferation in neoplastic cells. The neoplastic cells had scant cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei containing fine to granular chromatin without conspicuous nucleoli. Rosettes and paranuclear blue bodies were observed in one patient. Most cytological specimens of ONB were obtained from metastatic lesions, especially from the cervical lymph node. Thus, ONB should be differentiated from malignant lymphoma and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Recognition of these cytological features of ONB while considering patient history can aid in correctly diagnosing ONBs. Moreover, the presence of two‐cell pattern might reflect high‐grade histology of ONB.
Implementation of the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama standardized reporting for breast cytopathology: An 8‐year retrospective study
Authors: Wong Yin Ping , Vincent James Evelyna Prisha , Mohammad Azhar Mohammad Affieq Aiman , Krishnamoorthy Yogeswaran , Zainudin Nur Aqilah , Zamara Farhah , Tan Geok Chin , Shah Shamsul Azhar , Md Isa Nurismah , Baharoom Asmazila 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama reporting system was recently proposed to serve as a standardized diagnostic platform for the cytological interpretation of breast fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Five cytological categories were suggested, linked to a certain risk of malignancy (ROM). The aim of this study was to assess the potency of this newly proposed reporting guideline, with a review of literatures.MethodsThis is a retrospective study over 8‐year duration in which all the breast FNABs performed in our institution were recategorized in accordance to the IAC Yokohama reporting system. Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the agreement between the proposed cytological category and corresponding histological diagnosis, with the level of significance set at 5%. Cyto‐histopathological correlation and its diagnostic performance were also assessed.ResultsA total of 1136 breast FNABs were analyzed, including 31 repeat FNABs. Of these, 521 (47.1%) cases had matched histopathological results. Respective ROM for each category was: “insufficient” 13.6%, “benign” 0.4%, “atypical” 25.0%, “suspicious” 85.7%, and “malignant” 100%. There was substantial agreement (κ=0.757) between cytology and histopathological results. Our data revealed a high‐diagnostic specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value of 99.3% (95% CI: 97.6%‐99.9%), 94.2% (95% CI: 87.9%‐97.9%), 98.0% (95% CI: 92.5%‐99.5%), 98.0% (95% CI: 96.1%‐99.1%) respectively when both the “suspicious” and “malignant” cases were considered as positive tests, with area under the curve of 0.993.ConclusionsThe IAC Yokohama system is a reliable, evidence‐based, and standardized reporting system that helps to facilitate communication among cytopathologists, radiologists, and surgeons toward individualized patient management.
Evaluation of blood parameters by linear discriminant models for the detection of testosterone administration
Authors: Nair Vinod S. , Sharpe Ken , Husk Jacob , Miller Geoffrey D. , Van Eenoo Peter , Crouch Andre , Eichner Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe steroidal module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) has been used since 2014 for the longitudinal monitoring of urinary testosterone and its metabolites to identify samples suspicious for the use of synthetic forms of Endogenous Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (EAAS). Multiple recent studies have suggested that monitoring of blood parameters may provide enhanced detectability of exogenous testosterone administration. Transdermal and intramuscular testosterone administration studies were carried out in 15 subjects, and the effect on blood steroidal levels, hematological parameters, and gonadotropins was evaluated. Serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels increased while gonadotropin levels were suppressed after administration. A modest increase in reticulocytes was also observed. The blood parameters that were responsive to the administrations were combined into several linear discriminant models targeting both administration (on) and washout (off) phases. The models were effective in detecting the large dose intramuscular administration but were less successful in the detection of the lower dose transdermal application. The blood profiling models may provide complementary value but do not appear to be substantially more advantageous than longitudinal urinary profiling.
Metabolism of 4F‐MDMB‐BICA in zebrafish by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Yue Linna , Xiang Ping , Shen Baohua , Xu Duoqi , Song Fenyun , Yan Hui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, in vivo metabolic studies of the synthetic cannabinoid 4F‐MDMB‐BICA were investigated using zebrafish models. The metabolites were identified and structurally illustrated by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry. Fourteen phase‐I metabolites and four phase‐II metabolites were generated from zebrafish. The main metabolic pathways of the phase‐I metabolism included N‐dealkylation, N‐dealkylation combined with hydroxylation, amide hydrolysis, oxidative defluorination, oxidative defluorination to butyric acid, acetic acid formation at the indole side chain, hydroxylation, ester hydrolysis followed by hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and N‐dealkylation, and oxidative defluorination subsequently combined with dehydrogenation. The main biotransformations of the phase‐II metabolism were glucuronidation and sulfation. Two phase‐I metabolites (A1 and A11) and four phase‐II metabolites (A2, A3, A4, and A12) were reported for the first time. A14, which was confirmed in human biological samples, was detected only in zebrafish samples but not found in human liver microsome incubation study. The current study indicates that the zebrafish model is a promising tool for elucidating the metabolism of NPS in the future.
From glacial refugia to hydrological microrefugia: Factors and processes driving the persistence of the climate relict tree Zelkova sicula
Authors: Garfì Giuseppe , Carimi Francesco , Fazan Laurence , Gristina Alessandro Silvestre , Kozlowski Gregor , Livreri Console Salvatore , Motisi Antonio , Pasta Salvatore 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith only two tiny populations, the climate relict Zelkova sicula (Sicily, Italy) is one of the rarest trees in the world. It also represents the most marginal member of genus Zelkova that was widespread in the broadleaved forests thriving in warm–temperate climates throughout Eurasia until the Last Glacial Age. Occurring at the westernmost range of the genus under typical Mediterranean climate, the micro‐topographic settings have always appeared crucial for the survival of this relict. However, the factors and processes actually involved in its persistence in the current refugia, as well as the response of similar relict trees in arid environments, are poorly understood worldwide. In the aim to elucidate these aspects, in the two sites hosting Z. sicula analyses of topographical attributes were combined with investigations on soil moisture dynamics. Additionally, plants’ growth and spatial distribution patterns were analyzed to detect fine‐scale differences between populations and assess the possible ecological amplitude of the species. Results revealed that convergent topographies are basic determinants of microrefugia in arid environments. Within the investigated sites, underground moisture never decreases below 25%, buffering seasonal rainfall fluctuations. Therefore, hydrological microrefugia play a key role in decoupling from regional climate, supporting the target species in coping with an unsuitable climatic envelope. Additionally, the inter‐population variability of biometric attributes showed that individual growth is site‐dependent and the species retains a relative ecological plasticity, whereas the strongly clumped spatial patterns confirmed the common clonal growth. On one hand, deeply incised landforms have acted as effective hydrologic microrefugia, on the other clonality coupled with triploidy supposedly improved the resistance of Z. sicula to harsh environments, though entailing inability to reproduce sexually. Most likely, sterility and environmental/physical barriers that have existed for millennia have prevented this relict from leaving the last suitable microrefugia, resulting in the two current rear edge populations.
Natural seedling recruitment and regeneration in deforested and sand‐filled Mangrove forest at Eagle Island, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Numbere Aroloye O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeed recruitment is a major driver of mangrove restoration globally. It is hypothesized that soil condition and channel hydrology can accelerate seedling recruitment and regeneration after a major disturbance. Species abundance, diversity indices, microbial and chemical concentrations in sand‐filled mangrove forest was studied. Eight plots measuring 487.77 m2 each were established with ten transects in each plot in a random block design to investigate the effect of soil conditions on seedling growth. A total of 1,886 seedlings were counted. Seedling abundance was significantly different between red (Rizophora racemosa), white (Laguncularia racemosa), and black (Avicennia germinans) mangroves, and nypa palm (nypa fruticans). The most dominant species was black mangrove, and the least dominant species was nypa palm. Muddy soils had the most abundant species (n = 994) followed by sandy (n = 457) and semi‐muddy (435) soils. Furthermore, sandy soils had the highest species diversity (H = 0.896) followed by semi‐muddy (H = 0.876) and muddy (H = 0.583) soils. The soil metal concentration has no correlation with seed abundance and occur in the order Iron > Nitrate > Copper > Cadmium. Soil with high species diversity had high soil microbial population; however, seedling abundance was correlated with soil nutrients and not heavy metals. Small seeds are easily recruited while good soil condition plus existing hydrological connection facilitated natural seedling regeneration in the disturbed mangrove forest.
Clinical profile and midterm prognosis of left ventricular thrombus in heart failure
Authors: Lemaître Anne‐Iris , Picard François , Maurin Vincent , Faure Maxime , Dos Santos Pierre , Girerd Nicolas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsWe documented the midterm prognosis of left ventricular thrombus (LVT) in heart failure (HF) patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). We aimed to characterize patients with LVT in the context of HF with reduced (≤40%) left ventricular ejection fraction and evaluate their risk for death and/or embolic events, overall, and specifically in patients with ischaemic or non‐ischaemic aetiology. We also intended to identify risk factors for LVT in patients with DCM.Methods and resultsWe included all HF patients (N = 105, age 56 ± 13) admitted from 2005 to 2018 in our institution for LVT without significant valve disease/prosthesis, heart transplant/left ventricular assist device, congenital heart disease, or acute myocardial infarction. Our primary endpoint was the 1 year risk of the composite of all‐cause mortality (ACM) and symptomatic embolic events. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 23 ± 9%, and median BNP was 1795 pg/mL. Most (97%) patients were treated with vitamin K anticoagulants, and 64% had ICM. Symptomatic embolic events and/or ACM occurred in 20% of the population [embolic events (all within 30 days of LVT diagnosis) 15% and ACM 6%] and was similarly frequent in DCM or ICM (P > 0.05). Suspected/transient embolic events were more frequent in DCM (overall 13%; 29% in DCM vs. 5% in ICM, P < 0.01). Major bleeding occurred in 5% of patients. Left ventricular reverse remodelling occurred in 65% of patients, more frequently in DCM (86% in DCM vs. 65% in ICM, P = 0.02). In a case–control analysis matching DCM patients, BNP level was the only factor significantly associated with LVT (2447 pg/mL in LVT vs. 347 pg/mL, P < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with LVT have markedly high natriuretic peptides and experience a 20% 1 year risk for embolic events and/or death following diagnosis despite anticoagulant treatment. Most patients have favourable remodelling/recovery. As all symptomatic embolic events occurred within 30 days of LVT diagnosis, a very careful initial management is warranted.
Identification and quantification of phenolic and fatty acid profiles in Pinus halepensis mill. seeds by LC‐ESI‐MS and GC: Effect of drying methods on chemical composition
Authors: Mahdhi Amani , Ghazghazi Hanene , El Aloui Meriem , Ben Salem Ridha , Rigane Ghayth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate Pinus halepensis Mill. seeds oil as well as methanolic‐aqueous extract on fatty acid and phenolic's composition as well as antioxidant activities with regard to the cones drying methods: convection and sun methods. The highest amounts of total phenols (14.63 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (3.3 ± 0.02 mg QE/g DW), and condensed tannins (0.36 ± 0.05 mg CE/g DW) were showed in the seeds obtained by sun‐dried method. Methanolic‐aqueous seeds extracts were subjected to LC‐ESI‐MS analysis in order to identify and quantify the phenolic composition. This technique allowed us to identify eleven phenolic compounds: two phenolic acids and nine flavonoid compounds such as cirsiliol, catechin (+), luteolin, and luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, which were present in the two studied samples while apigenin, naringenin, and cirsilineol were only identified in the extract obtained from sun‐drying method seeds. The chemical components of the oils were analyzed using GC, and significant differences were found between the two studied seeds oil (p < .05). Furthermore, the antioxidant activities were investigated using DPPH and ABTS.+ assays. The results showed that the methanolic‐aqueous extract from seeds dried by sun method had the highest antioxidant activities (0.08 and 0.05 mg/ml, respectively). This study could provide useful information for industry to produce potentially bioactive plant extract.
Identification of the promising Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes among seedling‐originated trees
Authors: Mirmahdi Narjes‐Sadat , Khadivi Ali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConsiderable genetic diversity among the native populations of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) provides a great opportunity to identify genotypes with valuable traits. In the present study, morphological and pomological diversity assessments of 362 walnut seedling origin genotypes were performed to identify superior genotypes. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes investigated in terms of the evaluated characters. Nut weighted from 5.53 to 19.24 g with an average of 10.67. The range of kernel weight was 1.78–9.28 g with an average of 4.83. Kernel percentage in 107 out of 362 genotypes studied was more than 50.00%. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) showed that kernel percentage was associated with kernel weight, nut weight, kernel filled, nut width, and shell thickness. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the characters related to nut and kernel size were correlated with the first component (PC1). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that the genotypes were clustered into two major clusters. Based on the most important commercial characters considered by breeders to select ideal walnuts, 15 superior genotypes were selected and are recommended for cultivation in the orchards and also can be used in breeding programs.
The Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, USA: Insights, datasets, and opportunities
Authors: Guillén Luis Andrés , Adams Mary Beth , Elliot Emily , Hubbart Jason , Kelly Charlene , McNeil Brenden , Peterjohn William , Zegre Nicolas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLong‐term experimental watershed studies have significantly influenced our global understanding of hydrological processes. The discovery and characterization of how stream water quantity and quality respond to a changing environment (e.g. land‐use change, acidic deposition) has only been possible due to the establishment of catchments devoted to long‐term study. One such catchment is the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF) located in the headwaters of the Appalachian Mountains in West Virginia, a region that provides essential freshwater ecosystem services to eastern and mid‐western United States communities. Established in 1934, the FEF is among the earliest experimental watershed studies in the Eastern United States that continues to address emergent challenges to forest ecosystems, including climate change and other threats to forest health. This data note describes available data and presents some findings from more than 50 years of hydrologic research at the FEF. During the first few decades, research at the FEF focused on the relationship between forest management and hydrological processes—especially those related to the overall water balance. Later, research included the examination of interactions between hydrology and soil erosion, biogeochemistry, N‐saturation, and acid deposition. Hydro‐climatologic and water quality datasets from long‐term measurements and data from short‐duration studies are publicly available to provide new insights and foster collaborations that will continue to advance our understanding of hydrology in forested headwater catchments. As a result of its rich history of research and abundance of long‐term data, the FEF is positioned to continue to advance understanding of forest ecosystems in a time of unprecedented change.
Long‐term groundwater resource observatory for Southwestern Madagascar
Authors: Carrière Simon D. , Health Thomas , Rakotomandrindra Pascale F. M. , Ollivier Chloé , Rajaomahefasoa Riva E. , Rakoto Heritiana A. , Lapègue Jean , Rakotoarison Yves E. , Mangin Marie , Kempf Jean , Razakamanana Théodore , Chalikakis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMadagascar has one of the highest poverty rates in the world and consequently the long‐term monitoring of groundwater resources is not a priority for the authorities. However, groundwater is often the only sustainable resource that has a satisfactory quality to supply the population. This is especially true in the south‐west of the country, which is a semi‐arid region and a global change hot spot (intense land use and climate changes). In response to the lack of data, the Groundwater Resource Observatory for Southwestern Madagascar (GROSoM) was established to monitor piezometry and meteorology over the longer term as part of a humanitarian response. The first site was setup in 2014 in a catchment located over a carbonate plateau; in 2018, a second site was installed in an alluvial setting within a crystalline basement catchment and a third site will be installed in 2020 to monitor groundwater dynamics in a coastal setting. The three sites, located between Toliara and Taolagnaro cities, are complementary and representative of various hydrogeological systems in Southwestern Madagascar. Each site includes a weather station and between 3 and 6 piezometric probes. The monitoring data indicate a strong inter‐annual variability in precipitation, which induces a strong variability in aquifers recharge. One of the driest years in 2016 seems to be consistent with strong El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects observed at the global scale, while years with higher recharge appear to be related to cyclones such as Fundi in 2015 and Eketsang in 2019. Preliminary results of cross‐disciplinary studies demonstrated a link between groundwater and health issues (i.e., admissions to basic health centres). This observatory aims to produce long‐term data and has two objectives: (i) strengthening the early warning system for humanitarian crises in Madagascar; (ii) contributing to a better understanding of the effects of climate change on groundwater resources in this semi‐arid region.
Effects of clear‐cutting, meteorological, and physiological factors on evapotranspiration in the Kamabuchi experimental watershed in northern Japan
Authors: Kubota Tayoko , Kagawa Akira , Abe Toshio , Hosoda Ikuhiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of clear‐cutting and the meteorological and physiological factors on forest evapotranspiration (ET), by using the water‐budget method in the Kamabuchi experimental watershed (KMB; 38° 56′ 21″ N, 140° 15′ 58″ E) in northern Japan. Meteorological and discharge data collected during no‐snow periods (from June to October) from 1939 were used to compareETin three sub‐watersheds: No. 1, where the forest had been left undisturbed, and No. 2 and No. 3, whereCryptomeria japonicawas planted after clear‐cutting. Paired watershed experiments revealed that clear‐cutting causedETto decrease by approximately 100 mm yr−1, and this reduction continued for more than 20 years, even afterC. japonicawas planted.ETfluctuated similarly across all watersheds, regardless of clear‐cutting or planting. This fluctuation is mainly caused by solar radiation and temperature. Intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) calculated usingδ13Cof tree‐ring cellulose inC. japonicaincreased due to elevated atmospheric CO2concentration. We estimated annual carbon fixation in a single tree as the annual net photosynthesis (A). Subsequently, transpiration (E) was calculated from the relationship betweeniWUEandA. The results showed thatAandEper tree increased as the tree grew older; however, the trees' responses to increasingcasuppress the increase inET. Moreover, the fluctuation ofETfrom the watershed was small compared to the fluctuation ofPduring the observation periods because the increase and decrease inEand interception loss complemented each other.