bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential risk of contralateral non-sentinel groin node metastasis in women with early primary vulvar cancer following unilateral sentinel node metastasis: a single center evaluation in University Hospital of Düsseldorf
Authors: Winarno Andreas Suhartoyo , Mondal Anne , Martignoni Franca Christina , Fehm Tanja Natascha , Hampl Monika 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Since the introduction of sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) in unifocal vulvar cancer (diameter of < 4cm) and unsuspicious groin lymph nodes, the morbidity rate of patients has significantly decreased globally. In contrast to SLNB, bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (IFL) has been associated with increased risk of common morbidities. Current guidelines (NCCN, ESGO, RCOG, and German) recommend that in cases of unilaterally positive sentinel lymph node (SLN), bilateral IFL should be performed. However, two recent publications by Woelber et al. and Nica et al. contradict the current guideline, since a significant rate of positive non sentinel lymph nodes in IFL contralaterally was not observed (Woelber et al. 0% (p=0/28) and Nica et al. 5.3% (p=1/19)). Methods: A retrospective single-center analysis conducted in the University Hospital of Dusseldorf, evaluating vulvar cancer patients treated with SLNB from 2002 to 2018. Results: 22.2% of women (n=4/18) were found to have contralateral IFL groin metastasis after an initial diagnosis of unilateral SLN metastasis. The depth of tumor infiltrating cells correlated significantly and positively with the rate of incidence of groin metastasis (p=0.0038). Conclusion: Current guideline for bilateral IFL should remain as the standard management. Therefore, this depth may be taken into account as an indication for bilateral IFL. The management of VC and SLNB should be performed in a high volume center with an experienced team in marking SLN and performing the adequate surgical procedure. Well conducted counseling of the patients outlining advantages but also potential oncological risks of this technique especially concerning rate of groin recurrence is critical.
Input-Output Types of Fifteen Modules on Discrete and Real Measurements for COVID-19
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey , Zhu Minghan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fifteen modules in the MAS provide unique functions to support wider applications. It is important to describe this set of transformation schemes from input genomes and output results using visualable numbers to briefly explain the transformation mechanism involved in each module. In this paper, vectors, matrices and various measurements are described following each module. From a genomic sequence, there are two types of outputs for three groups: 1) groups A & B related to discrete measurements represented in either vectors or matrices; 2) groups C related real measurements linked to entropy indices restricted in a limited line segment or a certain square region as a hierarchical organization. The main transformations and projections are described. Sample distributions and genomic index maps are illustrated.
Visual Representation of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Multiple Regions on Integrated Maps
Authors: Zhu Minghan , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper represents visual results for the B2 module of the MAS. Using four meta genetic variables, multiple probability measures are extracted. Variations between pairs of virus genomes could be measured. From a macroscopic viewpoint, measures can be organized in a set of 16 × 16 with (m+ 1)2 density matrix in combinations with supersymmetric properties. In view of the different types of coronary virus samples, various pairs of genomes make different projections under multiple levels of hierarchical forms of quantization matrix. Under proper selection, huge numbers of variations could be performed. Applying this transformation, a list of sample results are generated to illustrate intrinsic symmetric maps associated with selected parameters. Since this is an initial exploration, further explorations on theoretical foundation and specific applications are essential to support applicable theory and the systematic expansion on medical applications for COVID-19 patients.
Visualizations of Combinatorial Entropy Index on Whole SARS-CoV-2 Genomes
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey , Zhou Yang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a set of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from four countries are selected for visualizations under the C1 modules of the metagenomic analysis system MAS. Based on the variant construction and the theory of information entropy, the module makes statistics on the number of bases in SARS-CoV-2 sequences to calculate the base probability measures in segments to generate the combinatorial entropy index data from the base probability measures. Under visualization technology, the combinatorial entropy index is projected on 2D clustering genomic index maps and 1D histogram maps to provide projection results. The visual results provide intuitive and easy properties to analyze complicated clustering among genomes to support clustering analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes in batches, showing the distribution characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 genomes in different countries or regions conveniently.
2D Visual Analysis of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wu Ruoxue , Qiao Mu , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 is outbreaking in worldwide. It caused millions of infections, killing hundreds of thousands of people and making all countries loss immeasurable trade. For finding the secret of SARS-CoV-2, researchers need to analyze various variation information such as multiple coronaviruses in different times over distinct countries. In this paper, the metagenetic analysis system MAS is used to analyze SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected from different countries as input datasets, and special genomic indices are provided to be a global characteristic quantity based on the A1 and C1 modules of the MAS for visualizations. In this method, one RNA sequence is split into M segments and counting the number of genetic probability measures for 16 combinations of four genomic symbols. After statistical probability processes, each probability distribution can be transferred into an entropy quantity on both 2D and 1D histograms to show these results for all collected genomes. Under this approach, a pair of combinatorial entropies determine a 2D genomic index map to generate a heatmap for more massive clusters of genomes with similarity contents to provide basic quantitative in variants to organize further collected genomes as a construction of a phylogenetic tree. Further explorations are required.
Cluster Analysis of Visual Differences on Pairs of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes
Authors: Zhu Minghan , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper represents sample results for the C2 and C3 modules of the MAS. Genomic index maps were generated for SARS-CoV-2 genomes from different samples worldwide, and eleven other viral genomes were selected for comparisons. Each 2D genomic index map acts as a pair of X-Y coordinate scatter points located in a specific geometric region restricted. Supported by the principle of entropy invariance and visual distributions, it is convenient to identify the variations of SARS-CoV-2 genomes in the global scope. In view of this powerful transformation structure, future exploration of the detailed systematic expansion of theory and medical applications for COVID-19 patients is required.
Mutational Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Key Cities of China
Authors: Cui Qiwei , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
From December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia broke out in Wuhan and then spread rapidly from multiple resources to other provinces and other cities in China. In this paper, genomes collected in four Chinese cities: Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou were analyzed as the A1 module of the MAS. Starting from the virus gene sequence itself, multiple probability statistics are applied to extract characteristics from virus genomes. Variations of genomes can be compared and visualized in such conditions. It is interesting to see various similar and different properties visualized under various groups after transformations. In this way, key mutation characteristics could be observed and this type of results is helpful for further scientific researches on COVID-19 applications.
2D Similarity Map of Multiple Coronavirus Gene Sequences
Authors: Zheng Huaxian , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in many countries in the world from late 2019 to 2020 resulted in millions of infected people, and caused serious damage to the social environments with significant changes in human power and material resources in the world. The novel coronavirus is an RNA virus. RNA mutation is common in nature. This makes it extremely difficult to develop a virus vaccine in a short period. The evolution of the virus has been in a mutation state, in which a certain sequence changes associated with time and environments in similar distributions. A larger number of genomes were collected in various open source databases for scientists in further explorations. In this paper, a 2D similarity comparison scheme on the A2 module of the MAS is proposed for extracting internal information among a genome undertaken M segment partitions to provide visual results based on probability measures and quantitative statistics. First, a genome is segmented into corresponding numerical transformations, and then four numbers of meta symbols in each segment are counted. Corresponding probability measures are calculated. Second, the probability is transformed into polar coordinates, and the polar coordinates are mapped into a M × M matrix. Then, a 1D genome can be processed into 2D measures with similarity properties in sequence. Through this correlation matrix, relevant similarity results are analyzed.
Protein Coding of Variations on SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Various Regions
Authors: Li Tao , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, COVID-19 cases in different regions are used for comparison. The related genomes of SARS-CoV-2 are segmented and replaced with sequence operations under protein coding scheme on the A3 module of the MAS. Using protein coding schemes, genomes are transformed and projected as measuring sequences as a vector that can be visualized in maps from two different perspectives: the elements of the gene sequence and the position of the element sequence, so as to interpret the genome more comprehensively. Through a series of linear diagrams, it is convenient to compare and analyze the genomes of the samples collected in different regions more intuitively, which may be conducive to further data mining of genomic information and refined explorations of COVID-19 for patients.
Similarity Comparison of Multiple Coronavirus Sequences from 2D to 1D Linearizing Transformation
Authors: Deng Feng , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Many studies on COVID-19 have been carried out, and it is interesting to apply methods and models to process the whole sequence of RNA. Similarity comparison of SARS-CoV-2 genomes plays a key role in naturally tracing its ori-gin in scientific exploration, and further explorations are required. In this paper, an innovative of transformation from a 2D density matrix to 1D measuring vector is proposed based on the A5 module of the MAS for visualization. The core transformation projects whole RNA sequences of multiple coronaviruses in 2D matrices and then forms 1D measuring vectors on variant maps. The relationships of SARS-CoV-2 genomes are compared by their similarity properties and genomic index of entropy quantities applied to classify relevant results into groups.
Momentum Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Sequences on Variant Maps
Authors: Li Xinmei , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Applying momentum measures and probability distributions, a visual scheme is proposed in this paper to transfer SARS-CoV-2 genomes to two distinct maps to be the A6 module of the MAS. Based on collected datasets of SARS-CoV-2 on different countries as examples, relevant characteristics and correlation of probability distributions are described. In visualization of two patterns under momentum measurement, there are two visual forms of Pattern 1 and Pattern 2. Two forms are generated from the same sequence on different focuses. Pattern 1 describes the momentum distribution of a segment accounting for whole genomes, and Pattern 2 visualizes the differences in momentum distributions on various segments. This is a new type of analysis measurement to explore complex connections and differences among sets of SARS-CoV-2 genomes for their availability.
Functional Group Decomposition of Multiple Coronaviruses on Variant Maps
Authors: Du Liuyun , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Different coronaviruses can be identified as three categories: common coronaviruses, fatal coronaviruses, and domestic coronaviruses. It is convenient to generate various visual results for their RNA sequences on variant maps. In this paper, a functional group measurement method is proposed to combine discrete mathematics and computational technologies on the A2 module of the MAS. Various samples are processed by this scheme and interesting results can be observed. The projections of the segmented groups on each coronavirus compared with the projective effects on different coronaviruses in 2D maps of coordinate systems are shown by statistical measures on the density matrix with similarity and dissimilarity properties for further exploration.
Visualizations of Multiple Probability Measures for SARS-CoV-2 Genomes
Authors: Yao Tan , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 genomes are collected from various open source genomic banks. A set of SARS-CoV-2 genomes are selected for visualization under both the A3 and C1 modules of the metagenomic analysis system MAS. Multiple probability measures are mapped as relevant 1D histograms, and it is convenient to observe distinct differences among various distributions to organize similar patterns into relevant groups. Sample genomes were processed, and their visual results were illustrated.
Vibration performance prediction and reliability analysis for rolling bearing
Authors: Meng Fannian , Gong Xiaoyun , Du Wenliao , Wang Liangwen , Zhao Feng , Li Liwei 
Published: January 2021

The bearing vibration signal is a rich dynamic symptom of bearing wear, and the vibration signal of rolling bearing presents chaotic characteristics. Input and output variables of vibration signal can be constructed through phase space reconstruction, the Input and output variables can be imported into the prediction model for prediction. The prediction accuracy of the extreme learning machine (ELM) model, Kriging model and RBF model are compared, the results show that ELM has higher accuracy, so ELM chaos model is used to predict the future vibration time series data, and the forecasting error can be obtained by comparing the prediction value with the actual values so as to verity the feasibility of the ELM model. The prediction results of the future state of the bearing are processed as the grey-bootstrap method, and the performance reliability prediction of the bearing is realized by the Poisson counting process. The experimental data show that with the deepening of the fault degree, the reliability performance decreases gradually. The reliability performance of the bearing without fault is 100 %, and the reliability performance is 47.56 % when the inner ring faulty size is 0.72 mm.
Design of an automatic hydro-meteorological observation network for a real-time flood warning system: a case study of Vu Gia-Thu Bon river basin, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Liem D. , Nguyen Hong T. , Dang Phuong D. N. , Duong Trung Q. , Nguyen Loi K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an interdisciplinary approach, along with Vietnam's legal frameworks, to design an automatic hydro-meteorological (HM) observation network for a real-time flood warning system in Vu Gia-Thu Bon (VGTB) river basin, Vietnam. The automatic HM monitoring network consists of weather-proof enclosures containing data loggers, rechargeable batteries, sensors for air temperature, air humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, water level with attached solar panels and mounted upon masts located at fixed ground stations. A total of 20 meteorological stations and five hydrological stations have been built in VGTB river basin. To capture changes in weather and stream flow in the basin, the 5-minute and half-hour recording frequency options were set for meteorological and hydrological variables, respectively. All HM data was transmitted every 30 minutes to the data server at the data processing centre via Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)/General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network. These data were then input into hydrological-hydraulic models for inundation simulation in the basin. The results showed that the performance of flood simulation at hourly time step has significantly improved during flood events in September and November 2015. Overall, near-real-time HM data recording from an automatic monitoring network proved beneficial for an flood early warning system.
Winter warming detection using temperature and precipitation anomalies in arid and semi-arid areas
Authors: Siabi Negar , Baygi Mohammad Mousavi , Hasheminia Seyed Majid , Bannayan Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Extreme winter warming can affect many aspects of environmental and human related activities. It can be disastrous, especially in arid regions. However, no specific research has been carried out on detecting winter warming in Iran. To address this research gap, this study was performed to investigate winter warming in the arid and semi-arid areas located in northeastern Iran. For this purpose, anomalies of minimum and maximum daily temperature, average daily temperature, mean daily temperature range and mean daily precipitation were studied on monthly, seasonal, annual and decadal scales. Along with this, the trend in the data was analyzed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test. The results showed that since the 1990s there has been a significant increase in temperature positive anomalies at most stations. In addition, the precipitation anomaly mutations occurred later than temperature. In most cases the increase in winter anomalies was higher than the average annual anomalies. As an example, the maximum winter temperature anomaly increased from 0.38 °C in the 1990s to 2.07 °C in the 2000s at Mashhad station. Due to the simultaneous increase in anomalies at most stations, the detected winter warming is more likely to be the result of global warming rather than local synoptic climate.
De aktie in verband met het Geeraard Duivelsteen.
Authors: GT gt 
Published: January 2021

We danken allen, die tussengekomen zijn om het behoud van het Gents kunstpatrimonium te verzekeren. Toch durven we verdere waakzaamheid vragen, opdat een gebeurlijk nieuw gebouw de omgeving van het Geeraard Duivelsteen niet zou ontsieren.
In memoriam dr. Paul Rogghé.
Authors: GT gt 
Published: January 2021

Dr. Paul Rogghé, ere-voorzitter van de Heemkundige en Historische Kring "Gent" overleed op maandag 24 juni 197 4 in het AZ. te Gent. Paul Rogghé werd geboren te Gent op 16 december 1904.
Te Gent.
Authors: GT gt 
Published: January 2021

Op 1 januari 1977 werd Gent de grootste stad van België.Te Woluwe-Sint-Lambert overleed op 25 october 1976 mevr. Sirnone Bergmans.In november 1976 vierde de Rotary-club van Gent zijn vijftigjarig bestaan.De militaire bakkerij achter de Sint-Pietersabdij werd einde 1976 afgebroken.Vraag en antwoord GT06_1BibliografieTijdschrift "ons heem"Toen de Franse koning de Gentse Witte Kaproen droeg!
Te Gent.
Authors: GT gt 
Published: January 2021

Op 3 maart 1977 overleed te Gent apotheker Edmond BoonenDe vereniging Sint-Franciscus Regis staakte haar bedrijvigheid op 19 maart 1977Het hotel d'Haene-Steenhuyze in de Veldstraat, thans nog in gebruik door de firma Dangotte, komt overkort ledig.
Straatnamen (1-4).
Authors: GT gt 
Published: January 2021

De persoonsnamen zullen slechts bondig worden behandeld. Zo mogelijk wordt verwezen naar de bibliografie.Fris Victor : De Historische Persoonsnamen der straten van Gent. (FRIS)Biographie Nationale (B.N.)Biografisch Woordenboek (B.W.)Liber Memorialis (hoogleraars) (L.M.)Winkier Prins Encyclopedie van Vlaanderen (W.P.)Ghendtsche Tydinghgen (G.T.)
Physical Activity Evaluation Using a Voice Recognition App: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Namba Hideyuki 
Published: January 2021

Background
Historically, the evaluation of physical activity has involved a variety of methods such as the use of questionnaires, accelerometers, behavior records, and global positioning systems, each according to the purpose of the evaluation. The use of web-based physical activity evaluation systems has been proposed as an easy method for collecting physical activity data. Voice recognition technology not only eliminates the need for questionnaires during physical activity evaluation but also enables users to record their behavior without physically touching electronic devices. The use of a web-based voice recognition system might be an effective way to record physical activity and behavior.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to develop a physical activity evaluation app to record behavior using voice recognition technology and to examine the app’s validity by comparing data obtained using both the app and an accelerometer simultaneously.

Methods
A total of 20 participants (14 men, 6 women; mean age 19.1 years, SD 0.9) wore a 3-axis accelerometer and inputted behavioral data into their smartphones for a period of 7 days. We developed a behavior-recording system with a voice recognition function using a voice recognition application programming interface. The exercise intensity was determined from the text data obtained by the voice recognition program. The measure of intensity was metabolic equivalents (METs).

Results
From the voice input data of the participants, 601 text-converted data could be confirmed, of which 471 (78.4%) could be automatically converted into behavioral words. In the time-matched analysis, the mean daily METs values measured by the app and the accelerometer were 1.64 (SD 0.20) and 1.63 (SD 0.20), respectively, between which there was no significant difference (P=.57). There was a significant correlation between the average METs obtained from the voice recognition app and the accelerometer in the time-matched analysis (r=0.830, P<.001). In the Bland-Altman plot for METs measured by the voice recognition app as compared with METs measured by accelerometer, the mean difference between the two methods was very small (0.02 METs), with 95% limits of agreement from –0.26 to 0.22 METs between the two methods.

Conclusions
The average METs value measured by the voice recognition app was consistent with that measured by the 3-axis accelerometer and, thus, the data gathered by the two measurement methods showed a high correlation. The voice recognition method also demonstrated the ability of the system to measure the physical activity of a large number of people at the same time with less burden on the participants. Although there were still issues regarding the improvement of automatic text data classification technology and user input compliance, this research proposes a new method for evaluating physical activity using voice recognition technology.