bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel design of bioinspired retinal vascular network based microchannel for LOC applications
Authors: Karbari Sudha R , Shetty Kiran Guruprasad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Microchannels are identified as important components that transfer liquids within a minute area for microfluidic applications. Pressure controlling is an efficient and most accurate way to introduce a certain velocity of equipment. In this study, we described the simulation analysis for microfluidic channels with three inlets and one outlet and went on to optimize it to two inlets and one outlet with appropriate velocity profiles and pressure profiles. The grooves in the microchannel draw inspiration from the vascular network of the retina which is a dynamically interconnected structure composed of three planar vascular layers with bends and grooves at its tip ends. Different fluids enter the inlets and are supposed to get mixed as much as possible before leaving the outlet. The geometry needs to be modified to increase the mixing of the two fluids within 0.05 sec. A passive approach to induce mixing of the biological samples is facilitated by increasing the distances. The fluids travel longer distances for mixing because of diffusive and inertial forces for which the volumetric fluids travel long before mixing takes place. The channel length is increased by introducing groove along the center of each channel to increase the length for the mixing.
Comparative Performance of Induction Motor Speed Controller System with Flux Weakening Control
Authors: Chelinia Erianda Putri Regina , Yusviar Feri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In general induction motor not work optimally because cannot reach the maximum speed of the rating. In this paper, simulation is used with several methods, named Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) and Field-weakening. Simulation of the methods used the function on MATLAB C-Mex and implemented on block of Simulink. The Field-weakening is control speed of the induction motor by decreased flux. The goal is to produce motor speed above the rating. The method of field-weakening control with addition of |iq
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. The result of the study is a comparison between the two methods to verify reliability. Simulations results showed that induction motor speed controller using field-weakening control with addition |iq
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Supercapacitor Modeling for Conversion Systems and Power Supply in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Fadilah  , Feri Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The main obstacle in an Electric Vehicle (EV) is the large torque requirement at the start. And in this case, it must be overcome with a battery that is bigger and heavier. However, a large battery will become a burden when moving and braking. The use of supercapacitors can make the vehicle move more powerful at the beginning of the movement because of its very fast energy release. This paper presents a supercapacitor modeling to support battery performance in an energy storage system. This research is focused on modeling the supercapacitor connected to the drive converter circuit by looking for a mathematical model in the form of a state-space equation, the results of which are simulated using the C Mex S function in Matlab / Simulink. From the modeling carried out, it is obtained a system that has a system response that is built and shows the system is working properly, the output voltage can follow the reference results.
Bioplastic Technology as Packaging Innovation
Authors: Ekawardhani Y A , Pasaribu C Y , Rohmah A N , Salsabila O 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aims at explaining bioplastics’ use as a substitute for plastic base materials. Besides, it is also expected to help sustainable packaging innovation. The use of plastics continues to increase over time. Although plastic is difficult to decompose, its durability makes it still used for various product packaging. Contrary to its use, this resilience becomes an obstacle in protecting the environment from accumulating plastic waste. There are various solutions to replace plastic material with something more environmentally friendly. One of them is the use of bioplastics from cassava peels. This material, called bioplastic, is an innovation to protect the environment in environmentally friendly plastic. This innovation opens up opportunities to be used as a business that connects producers and customers through new technologies and products. The descriptive method used in this research was carried out in two stages: first, in the form of data collection techniques in the form of literature studies through internet resource searches. Second, based on the data obtained, it is used as a reference for determining visual information for packaging made from bioplastic. The visualization process uses Photoshop Creative Cloud 2018 software. The result is an illustration showing the characteristics of the bioplastic material derived from cassava peels and an environmentally friendly plastic material. An illustration in the form of information leads to the formation of conceptual businesses to increase buyer interest and the tendency to use bioplastics.
Internet of Things Cyber Security in Digital Era
Authors: Solihat M , Wulansari R V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine cybersecurity security in terms of data transfer in the digital era. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, namely a literature study. The results of this study are to show that using the internet remains safe and avoids dangerous things. With the positive influence of digital technology on cybersecurity, it can be concluded that cybersecurity is to maintain security from technological crimes. This research is expected to serve as a warning to the public to be careful in using the internet.
Development of Fly Ash Coal/TiO2 Pored Composite Materials in The Making of Ceramic Membrane for Water Treatment Process
Authors: Apriyanti Eny , Susanto Heru , Nyoman Widiasa I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The ceramic membrane is a synthetic membrane, also called an inorganic membrane. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the characteristics of fly ash ceramic membrane and their performance for water treatment. The ceramic membrane fabrication process uses a printing process with a pressure of 1 atm with a burning temperature of 1100°C for 7 hours. The stages of this research include 1) composition optimization experiments with variations in the composition of fly ash and kaolin clay and temperature, 2) Characterization of ceramic membranes obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests. Optimization is carried out by varying the composition using a ratio of fly ash kaolin clay MB1: 40%: 20 %: 30%; MB2: 30%: 30%: 30%; MB3: 20%: 40%: 30% with a combustion temperature of 1100°C with a combustion process time of 7 hours. From the research results obtained, the porosity test results MB1 porosity 42%; The porosity of MB2 is 44%; The porosity MB3 is 50.22% from the porosity test results showing the higher composition of coal fly ash, the smaller porosity obtained. This phenomenon occurs during the combustion or sintering process to minimize the membrane pores. The structure of the membrane pores can be seen by the characterization test using SEM. SEM test results show that the MB1 ceramic membrane has delicate pores so that it has the potential to be applied. The experimental results showed that the utilization of fly ash for ceramic membrane material was promising for water treatment due to its excellent properties and filtration performance.
Cognitive Profile and Relationship with Quality of Life and Psychosocial Functioning in Mood Disorders
Authors: Zazula Robson , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Dodd Seetal , Dean Olivia M , Berk Michael , Vargas Heber Odebrecht , Nunes Sandra Odebrecht Vargas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Comparisons between healthy controls (HCs) and individuals with mood disorders have shown more cognitive dysfunction among the latter group, in particular in bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to characterize the pattern of cognitive function of BD and major depressive disorder (MDD) and compare them to HC using the (CogState Research Battery) CSRB™.

Method
Participants were tested, comprising the following domains: processing speed, attention, working memory, visual memory, executive functions, and verbal memory. Quality of life and functionality were also assessed. Multiple linear regression models were performed to examine the effect of demographic characteristics and functionality on cognitive outcomes separately for BD and MDD.

Results
Ninety individuals participated in the study, of which 32 had BD, 30 had MDD, and 28 were HC. Differences were found between both BD and MDD and HC for the composite cognitive score, with significant differences between BD and HC (Diff = −5.5, 95% CI = [−9.5, −1.5], p = 0.005), and MDD and HC (Diff = −4.6, 95% CI = [−8.6, −0.5], p = 0.025). There were overall significant differences in five cognitive domains: processing speed (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004), attention (p = 0.002), working memory (p = 0.02), visual memory (p = 0.021), and verbal memory (p = 0.007). BD also presented worse performance than both MDD and HC, and MDD presented better performance than BD but worse than HC in quality of life and functionality. Multiple linear regression models were significative for education (p &lt; 0.001) and age (p = 0.004) for BD and education (p &lt; 0.001) for MDD.

Conclusion
In general, cognition is more affected in BD than MDD, which could be associated with functional and quality of life impairment.
Contextual factors associated with knowledge and attitudes of HIV/AIDS among Malawian women of reproductive age
Authors: Nkoka Owen , Ntenda Peter A M , Chuang Kun-Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Increasing the knowledge and attitude toward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a key in the management of the condition. However, in Malawi, there is limited information regarding individual- and community-level factors associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes. This study examined the contextual factors associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes among women of childbearing age (WOCBA) (aged 15–49 years) in Malawi.

Methods
The 2015–16 Malawi demographic and health survey was used to analyze 24 562 WOCBA who were nested in 850 communities. Mixed effects logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the fixed and random effects of individual- and community-level factors on HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes.

Results
Approximately 30.9% of the participants had good HIV/AIDS knowledge while 80.5% had good HIV/AIDS attitudes. Among others, at the individual-level, woman’s age, educational level and household wealth were positively associated with both good HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes. At the community-level, those from communities with a high percentage of women complaining about the distance to health facility were less likely to have both good HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes.

Conclusions
Individual- and community-level factors have been shown to be associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes among WOCBA in Malawi. Additionally, residual heterogeneity in terms of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes across communities was observed. Therefore, thorough profiling of communities when designing public health programs and strategies may prove beneficial.
Methods for analyzing neuronal structure and activity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Emmons Scott W , Yemini Eviatar , Zimmer Manuel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The model research animal Caenorhabditis elegans has unique properties making it particularly advantageous for studies of the nervous system. The nervous system is composed of a stereotyped complement of neurons connected in a consistent manner. Here, we describe methods for studying nervous system structure and function. The transparency of the animal makes it possible to visualize and identify neurons in living animals with fluorescent probes. These methods have been recently enhanced for the efficient use of neuron-specific reporter genes. Because of its simple structure, for a number of years, C. elegans has been at the forefront of connectomic studies defining synaptic connectivity by electron microscopy. This field is burgeoning with new, more powerful techniques, and recommended up-to-date methods are here described that encourage the possibility of new work in C. elegans. Fluorescent probes for single synapses and synaptic connections have allowed verification of the EM reconstructions and for experimental approaches to synapse formation. Advances in microscopy and in fluorescent reporters sensitive to Ca2+ levels have opened the way to observing activity within single neurons across the entire nervous system.
Patenting in 4IR technologies and firm performance
Authors: Benassi Mario , Grinza Elena , Rentocchini Francesco , Rondi Laura 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate whether firm performance is related to the accumulated stock of technological knowledge associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and, if so, whether the firm’s history in 4IR technology development affects such a relationship. We exploit a rich longitudinal matched patent-firm data set on the population of large firms that filed 4IR patents at the European Patent Office (EPO) between 2009 and 2014, while reconstructing their patent stocks from 1985 onward. To identify 4IR patents, we use a novel two-step procedure proposed by EPO (2020, Patents and the Fourth Industrial Revolution: The Global Technology Trends Enabling the Data-Driven Economy, European Patent Office), based on Cooperative Patent Classification codes and on a full-text patent search. Our results show a positive and significant relationship between firms’ stocks of 4IR patents and labor and total factor productivity. We also find that firms with a long history in 4IR patent filings benefit more from the development of 4IR technological capabilities than later applicants. Conversely, we find that firm profitability is not significantly related to the stock of 4IR patents, which suggests that the returns from 4IR technological developments may be slow to be cashed in. Finally, we find that the positive relationship with productivity is stronger for 4IR-related wireless technology and for artificial intelligence, cognitive computing, and big data analytics.
Deposition of Phosphorylated α-Synuclein and Activation of GSK-3β and PP2A in the PS19 Mouse Model of Tauopathy
Authors: Takaichi Yuta , Chambers James K , Ano Yasuhisa , Takashima Akihiko , Nakayama Hiroyuki , Uchida Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The simultaneous accumulation of multiple pathological proteins, such as hyperphosphorylated tau (hp-tau) and phosphorylated α-synuclein (p-αSyn), has been reported in the brains of patients with various neurodegenerative diseases. We previously demonstrated that hp-tau-dependent p-αSyn accumulation was associated with the activation of GSK-3β in the brains of P301L tau transgenic mice. To confirm the effects of another mutant tau on p-αSyn accumulation in vivo, we herein examined the brains of PS19 mice that overexpress human P301S mutant tau. Immunohistochemically, hp-tau and p-αSyn aggregates were detected in the same neuronal cells in the cerebrum and brain stem of aged PS19 mice. A semiquantitative analysis showed a positive correlation between hp-tau and p-αSyn accumulation. Furthermore, an activated form of GSK-3β was detected within cells containing both hp-tau and p-αSyn aggregates in PS19 mice. Western blotting showed a decrease in inactivated PP2A levels in PS19 mice. The present results suggest that the overexpression of human P301S mutant tau induces p-αSyn accumulation that is accompanied by not only GSK-3β, but also PP2A activation in PS19 mice, and highlight the synergic effects between tau and αSyn in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases that show the codeposition of tau and αSyn.
Partisan Bias of Perceived Incivility and its Political Consequences: Evidence from Survey Experiments in Hong Kong
Authors: Liang Hai , Zhang Xinzhi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Exposure to presumably uncivil content is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for perceptions of incivility and thus could lead to differential political consequences. To examine the emergence and consequences of perceived incivility in disagreement comments, the present study reports on two population-based online survey experiments in Hong Kong (N1 = 1,207, N2 = 611). The results indicate that individuals perceive a higher degree of incivility in disagreement comments directed to in-group members than in those directed to out-group members, regardless of content features. This bias perception is greater when respondents can easily identify the incivility in a comment. Furthermore, exposure to disagreement comments can only influence willingness to participate and affective polarization indirectly via perceived incivility, and such effects are conditional on whether respondents can easily identify the incivility in a comment.
Zero waste and Wastephilian ethics during COVID-19
Authors: Kahambing Jan Gresil S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Responsibility toward the planet becomes imperative during the pandemic. Among the pressing issues, this is the management of waste. Ethical considerations on waste pertain to the consistency of adopting viewpoints that confront waste and its reality. Zero waste prospects remain to be an ideal in the perceived sustainable futures. The ethics of wastephilia or wastephilian ethics can reimagine sustainability in terms of waste management. While acknowledging the spectral or circular character of waste, wastephilian ethics confronts this reality by living-with waste.
A novel model to assess disease activity in Takayasu arteritis based on 18F-FDG-PET/CT: a Chinese cohort study
Authors: Ma Ling-Ying , Wu Bing , Jin Xue-Juan , Sun Ying , Kong Xiu-Fang , Ji Zong-Fei , Chen Rong-Yi , Cui Xiao-Meng , Shi Hong-Cheng , Jiang Lin-Di 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in assessing disease activity in Takayasu arteritis (TA).

Methods
Ninety-one patients with TA were recruited from a Chinese cohort. Clinical data, acute-phase reactants and 18F-FDG-PET/CT findings were simultaneously recorded. The value of using 18F-FDG-PET/CT to identify active disease was evaluated, using ESR as a reference. Disease activity assessment models were constructed and concordance index (C-index), net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination index (IDI) were evaluated to compare the benefits of the new modes with ESR and the Kerr score.

Results
In total, 64 (70.3%) cases showed active disease. Higher levels of ESR and CRP, and lower IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) levels were observed in active cases. 18F-FDG-PET/CT parameters measured by determining the standard uptake value (SUV), including SUVmean, SUVratio1, SUVratio2, sum of SUVmean and sum of SUVmax, were significantly higher in active disease groups. The C-index threshold of ESR to indicate active disease was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.88). The new activity assessment model combining ESR, sum of SUVmean and IL-2R showed significant improvement in C-index over the ESR method (0.96 vs 0.78, P &lt; 0.01; NRI 1.63, P &lt; 0.01; and IDI 0.48, P &lt; 0.01). The new model also demonstrated modest superiority to the Kerr score assessment (0.96 vs 0.87, P = 0.03; NRI 1.19, P &lt; 0.01; and IDI 0.33, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
A novel 18F-FDG-PET/CT-based method that involves combining the sum of SUVmean with ESR score and IL-2R levels demonstrated superiority in identifying active TA compared with conventional methods.
Antipsychotics Effects on Network-Level Reconfiguration of Cortical Morphometry in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Jiang Yuchao , Wang Yingchan , Huang Huan , He Hui , Tang Yingying , Su Wenjun , Xu Lihua , Wei Yanyan , Zhang Tianhong , Hu Hao , Wang Jinhong , Yao Dezhong , Wang Jijun , Luo Cheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cortical thickness reductions are evident in schizophrenia (SZ). Associations between antipsychotic medications (APMs) and cortical morphometry have been explored in SZ patients. This raises the question of whether the reconfiguration of morphological architecture by APM plays potential compensatory roles for abnormalities in the cerebral cortex. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was obtained from 127 medication-naive first-episode SZ patients and 133 matched healthy controls. Patients received 12 weeks of APM and were categorized as responders (n = 75) or nonresponders (NRs, n = 52) at follow-up. Using surface-based morphometry and structural covariance (SC) analysis, this study investigated the short-term effects of antipsychotics on cortical thickness and cortico-cortical covariance. Global efficiency was computed to characterize network integration of the large-scale structural connectome. The relationship between covariance and cortical thinning was examined by SC analysis among the top-n regions with thickness reduction. Widespread cortical thickness reductions were observed in pre-APM patients. Post-APM patients showed more reductions in cortical thickness, even in the frontotemporal regions without baseline reductions. Covariance analysis revealed strong cortico-cortical covariance and higher network integration in responders than in NRs. For the NRs, some of the prefrontal and temporal nodes were not covariant between the top-n regions with cortical thickness reduction. Antipsychotic effects are not restricted to a single brain region but rather exhibit a network-level covariance pattern. Neuroimaging connectomics highlights the positive effects of antipsychotics on the reconfiguration of brain architecture, suggesting that abnormalities in regional morphology may be compensated by increasing interregional covariance when symptoms are controlled by antipsychotics.
A Golgi lipid signaling pathway that controls neural stem cell polarity in the developing neocortex
Authors: Bankaitis Vytas , Xie Zhigang 
Published: June 2021

The Golgi apparatus is a central regulator of membrane trafficking and cell polarity in mammalian cells. I will discuss our recent work in a murine embryonic neural stem cell (NSC) model demonstrating that a Golgi phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate (PI4P)‐dependent pathway promotes loading of the Golgi system into NSC apical processes. The physiological significance of this mechanism is demonstrated by defects in apical loading of the Golgi system resulting in cell‐autonomous disruption in NSC polarity and, when imposed on a tissue‐wide scale, catastrophic failure in development of the neocortex. This pathway requires the action of a pair of phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPNA and (PITPNB) to promote PI4P production on Golgi membranes, and the actions of downstream effector proteins that respond to PI4P signaling. These effectors include GOLPH3, the nonconventional myosin Myo18A, and the ceramide transfer protein CERT. Finally, we find the PI4P‐dependent regulation of Golgi apical positioning is transmitted to the differentiated progeny of the affected NSCs and influences later steps in development of the embryonic mouse neocortex. Taken together, we have identified a novel mechanism by which PITPs, PI4P, and Golgi apparatus position regulate cell polarity and stem cell biology in the developing mammalian forebrain.Support or Funding InformationThis research was funded by NIH grant R01‐GM112591 and grant BE‐0017 from the Robert A. Welch Foundation.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.