bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Florigen governs shoot regeneration
Authors: Kutsher Yaarit , Fisler Michal , Faigenboim Adi , Reuveni Moshe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is widely known that during the reproductive stage (flowering), plants do not root well. Most protocols of shoot regeneration in plants utilize juvenile tissue. Adding these two realities together encouraged us to study the role of florigen in shoot regeneration. Mature tobacco tissue that expresses the endogenous tobacco florigen mRNA regenerates poorly, while juvenile tissue that does not express the florigen regenerates shoots well. Inhibition of Nitric Oxide (NO) synthesis reduced shoot regeneration as well as promoted flowering and increased tobacco florigen level. In contrast, the addition of NO (by way of NO donor) to the tissue increased regeneration, delayed flowering, reduced tobacco florigen mRNA. Ectopic expression of florigen genes in tobacco or tomato decreased regeneration capacity significantly. Overexpression pearPcFT2gene increased regeneration capacity. During regeneration, florigen mRNA was not changed. We conclude that florigen presence in mature tobacco leaves reduces roots and shoots regeneration and is the possible reason for the age-related decrease in regeneration capacity.
Dynamics of laser produced plasma from foam targets for future nanolithography devices and X-ray sources
Authors: Wu Yaoxing , Jain Girik , Sizyuk Tatyana , Wang Xinbing , Hassanein Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFoam targets are expected to be more efficient candidates than solid targets for laser produced plasma (LPP) for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray radiation sources due to the expected plasma conditions that can be optimized regarding plasma opacities, volumetrics heating effects, and the produced ions debris characteristics. In this paper, a comparison of ion dynamics between low-density foam and solid Ni plasma was systematically investigated at CMUXE. The foam Ni target (density 0.6 g/cm3) and solid Ni target (density 8.9 g/cm3) were irradiated with 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser in vacuum. A Faraday cup (FC) was used to record the ion flux and time-of-flight (TOF) signals. A lower and wider TOF signal was observed for foam Ni plasma on the time scale. The average ion energy and peak of the TOF signal of solid Ni plasma were much higher than that of the foam Ni plasma. However, the total charge values between foam and solid Ni plasma were comparable indicating a more volumetric absorption of laser energy for foam Ni. The average ion energy and peak of the TOF signal of solid Ni showed a stronger angular and laser energy dependence than that of foam Ni. The plume shape of the solid Ni plasma appeared as an oblong ellipse at each time, while that of foam Ni plasma tended to be more circular, especially at early times. The results of mass ablation rate were consistent with the FC signals and showed a more intense plasma shielding for solid Ni.
A model of atherosclerosis using nicotine with balloon overdilation in a porcine
Authors: Kim Munki , Kim Han Byul , Park Dae Sung , Cho Kyung Hoon , Hyun Dae Young , Kee Hae Jin , Hong Young Joon , Jeong Myung Ho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPigs are important experimental animals for cardiovascular research. Few porcine coronary atherosclerosis models have been developed; however, their induction requires more than six months. We developed a porcine coronary artery atherosclerosis model using nicotine injection with a balloon overdilation. A coronary balloon was placed in the porcine coronary artery and overdilated to induce a mechanical injury. Nicotine was administrated via intramuscular injection every day, and changes in the coronary artery were observed after four weeks. Coronary angiography revealed nicotine injection with a balloon overdilation group showed narrowing of the coronary artery at the injury site. The combination of balloon and nicotine significantly increased the intimal hyperplasia in optical coherence tomography analysis. Proliferated tunica media were noted in the nicotine injection with balloon overdilation groups and lack of collagen was observed in the tunica media at eight weeks. Quantitative analysis showed increased smooth muscle actin alpha (SMA), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in the nicotine injection with balloon overdilation groups. Immunohistochemistry results showed CD68-positive cells displayed SMA- and KLF4-positive reactivity in the border zone of the intimal hyperplasia. Our results show that nicotine injection with balloon overdilation can induce atherosclerotic lesions within one month, which can serve as an alternative pig animal model for the development of coronary stents.
Prospective cohort study of regenerative potential of non vital immature permanent maxillary central incisors using platelet rich fibrin scaffold
Authors: Kritika Selvakumar , Sujatha V. , Srinivasan N. , Renganathan Senthil Kumar , Mahalaxmi Sekar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRegenerative endodontic procedures have gained momentum as a treatment modality of young immature permanent teeth. Literature reports reveal that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) stimulates growth factors and induces regeneration. This study was undertaken to assess the regenerative potential of non-vital immature permanent maxillary central incisors using PRF with a follow-up for 2 yrs. 19 patients in the age group of 9–25 yrs with immature, non-vital permanent maxillary central incisors (n = 23) with/without signs and/or symptoms of periapical pathosis and open apex were included in this study. In the first appointment, access opening, canal disinfection and triple antibiotic paste placement were done. In the subsequent visit, PRF was prepared and placed inside the canal. Access was sealed with Mineral trioxide aggregate plug and composite. The patient was reviewed up to 24 mths. The mean difference was statistically analyzed using Friedman test followed by Dunn post hoc test and adjusted by Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). As per AAE guidelines, the primary and secondary goals were achieved. A significant (p < 0.001) gradual increase in the root length, thickness of dentinal walls and decrease in apical diameter were observed. Within the limitations of this study, PRF placement was clinically and radiographically effective in inducing regeneration of non-vital immature permanent teeth.
Local application of Usag-1 siRNA can promote tooth regeneration in Runx2-deficient mice
Authors: Mishima Sayaka , Takahashi Katsu , Kiso Honoka , Murashima-Suginami Akiko , Tokita Yoshihito , Jo Jun-Ichiro , Uozumi Ryuji , Nambu Yukiko , Huang Boyen , Harada Hidemitsu , Komori Toshihisa , Sugai Manabu , Tabata Yasuhiko , Bessho Kazuhisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRunt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2)-deficient mice can be used to model congenital tooth agenesis in humans. Conversely, uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (Usag-1)-deficient mice exhibit supernumerary tooth formation. Arrested tooth formation can be restored by crossing both knockout-mouse strains; however, it remains unclear whether topical inhibition of Usag-1 expression can enable the recovery of tooth formation in Runx2-deficient mice. Here, we tested whether inhibiting the topical expression of Usag-1 can reverse arrested tooth formation after Runx2 abrogation. The results showed that local application of Usag-1 Stealth small interfering RNA (siRNA) promoted tooth development following Runx2 siRNA-induced agenesis. Additionally, renal capsule transplantation of siRNA-loaded cationized, gelatin-treated mouse mandibles confirmed that cationized gelatin can serve as an effective drug-delivery system. We then performed renal capsule transplantation of wild-type and Runx2-knockout (KO) mouse mandibles, treated with Usag-1 siRNA, revealing that hindered tooth formation was rescued by Usag-1 knockdown. Furthermore, topically applied Usag-1 siRNA partially rescued arrested tooth development in Runx2-KO mice, demonstrating its potential for regenerating teeth in Runx2-deficient mice. Our findings have implications for developing topical treatments for congenital tooth agenesis.
Microstructure and composition dependence of mechanical characteristics of nanoimprinted AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys
Authors: Doan Dinh-Quan , Fang Te-Hua , Chen Tao-Hsing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMolecular dynamics is applied to explore the deformation mechanism and crystal structure development of the AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys under nanoimprinting. The influences of crystal structure, alloy composition, grain size, and twin boundary distance on the mechanical properties are carefully analyzed. The imprinting load indicates that the highest loading force is in ascending order with polycrystalline, nano-twinned (NT) polycrystalline, and monocrystalline. The change in alloy composition suggests that the imprinting force increases as the Al content in the alloy increases. The reverse Hall–Petch relation found for the polycrystalline structure, while the Hall–Petch and reverse Hall–Petch relations are discovered in the NT-polycrystalline, which is due to the interactions between the dislocations and grain/twin boundaries (GBs/TBs). The deformation behavior shows that shear strain and local stress are concentrated not only around the punch but also on GBs and adjacent to GBs. The slide and twist of the GBs play a major in controlling the deformation mechanism of polycrystalline structure. The twin boundary migrations are detected during the nanoimprinting of the NT-polycrystalline. Furthermore, the elastic recovery of material is insensitive to changes in alloy composition and grain size, and the formability of the pattern is higher with a decrease in TB distance.
A convolutional neural-network framework for modelling auditory sensory cells and synapses
Authors: Drakopoulos Fotios , Baby Deepak , Verhulst Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn classical computational neuroscience, analytical model descriptions are derived from neuronal recordings to mimic the underlying biological system. These neuronal models are typically slow to compute and cannot be integrated within large-scale neuronal simulation frameworks. We present a hybrid, machine-learning and computational-neuroscience approach that transforms analytical models of sensory neurons and synapses into deep-neural-network (DNN) neuronal units with the same biophysical properties. Our DNN-model architecture comprises parallel and differentiable equations that can be used for backpropagation in neuro-engineering applications, and offers a simulation run-time improvement factor of 70 and 280 on CPU or GPU systems respectively. We focussed our development on auditory neurons and synapses, and show that our DNN-model architecture can be extended to a variety of existing analytical models. We describe how our approach for auditory models can be applied to other neuron and synapse types to help accelerate the development of large-scale brain networks and DNN-based treatments of the pathological system.
Quantum adiabatic cycles and their breakdown
Authors: Defenu Nicolò 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe assumption that quasi-static transformations do not quantitatively alter the equilibrium expectation of observables is at the heart of thermodynamics and, in the quantum realm, its validity may be confirmed by the application of adiabatic perturbation theory. Yet, this scenario does not straightforwardly apply to Bosonic systems whose excitation energy is slowly driven through the zero. Here, we prove that the universal slow dynamics of such systems is always non-adiabatic and the quantum corrections to the equilibrium observables become rate independent for any dynamical protocol in the slow drive limit. These findings overturn the common expectation for quasi-static processes as they demonstrate that a system as simple and general as the quantum harmonic oscillator, does not allow for a slow-drive limit, but it always displays sudden quench dynamics.
Order-of-magnitude differences in computational performance of analog Ising machines induced by the choice of nonlinearity
Authors: Böhm Fabian , Vaerenbergh Thomas Van , Verschaffelt Guy , Van der Sande Guy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIsing machines based on nonlinear analog systems are a promising method to accelerate computation of NP-hard optimization problems. Yet, their analog nature is also causing amplitude inhomogeneity which can deteriorate the ability to find optimal solutions. Here, we investigate how the system’s nonlinear transfer function can mitigate amplitude inhomogeneity and improve computational performance. By simulating Ising machines with polynomial, periodic, sigmoid and clipped transfer functions and benchmarking them with MaxCut optimization problems, we find the choice of transfer function to have a significant influence on the calculation time and solution quality. For periodic, sigmoid and clipped transfer functions, we report order-of-magnitude improvements in the time-to-solution compared to conventional polynomial models, which we link to the suppression of amplitude inhomogeneity induced by saturation of the transfer function. This provides insights into the suitability of nonlinear systems for building Ising machines and presents an efficient way for overcoming performance limitations.
Electron dynamics of tip-tunable oxygen species on TiO2 surface
Authors: Adachi Yuuki , Brndiar Ján , Wen Huan Fei , Zhang Quanzhen , Miyazaki Masato , Thakur Sourbh , Sugawara Yasuhiro , Sang Hongqian , Li YanJun , Štich Ivan , Kantorovich Lev 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe redox states of oxygen species on the surface of TiO2 can be altered by electron tunneling by varying the applied bias voltage of an atomic force microscope tip. However, tunneling is stochastic in nature and typically requires ultra-low temperatures to obtain statistically significant data. Here, we use a highly sensitive fast atomic force microscopy setup to study redox transitions of oxygen atoms on a TiO2 surface, in the form of reactive oxygen species and single-atom quantum dots, at 78 K. The fast and highly sensitive nature of our experimental setup enables a statistically necessary amount of data to be collected without having to resort to ultra-low temperatures. This enabled us to study multiple dots and provide insight into the electronic structure and correlation between the oxygen species, which are inaccessible by standard atomic force microscopy. We show that single-atom quantum dots exist in two charge states with drastically different conductance, with one being conducting and the other non-conducting.
Increased sTREM-1 plasma concentrations are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19
Authors: de Nooijer Aline H. , Grondman Inge , Lambden Simon , Kooistra Emma J. , Janssen Nico A.F. , Kox Matthijs , Pickkers Peter , Joosten Leo A.B. , van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Derive Marc , Gibot Sebastien , Netea Mihai G. ,   on behalf of RCI-COVID-19 study group
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Patients with sepsis display increased concentrations of sTREM-1 (soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 1), and a phase II clinical trial focusing on TREM-1 modulation is ongoing. We investigated whether sTREM-1 circulating concentrations are associated with the outcome of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to assess the role of this pathway in COVID-19. This observational study was performed in two independent cohorts of patients with COVID-19. Plasma concentrations of sTREM-1 were assessed after ICU admission (pilot cohort) or after COVID-19 diagnosis (validation cohort). Routine laboratory and clinical parameters were collected from electronic patient files. Results showed sTREM-1 plasma concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with COVID-19 (161 [129–196] pg/ml) compared to healthy controls (104 [75–124] pg/ml; P&lt;0.001). Patients with severe COVID-19 needing ICU admission displayed even higher sTREM-1 concentrations compared to less severely ill COVID-19 patients receiving clinical ward-based care (235 [176–319] pg/ml and 195 [139–283] pg/ml, respectively, P = 0.017). In addition, higher sTREM-1 plasma concentrations were observed in patients who did not survive the infection (326 [207–445] pg/ml) compared to survivors (199 [142–278] pg/ml, P&lt;0.001). Survival analyses indicated that patients with higher sTREM-1 concentrations are at higher risk for death (hazard ratio = 3.3, 95%CI: 1.4–7.8). In conclusion, plasma sTREM-1 concentrations are elevated in patients with COVID-19, relate to disease severity, and discriminate between survivors and non-survivors. This suggests that the TREM-1 pathway is involved in the inflammatory reaction and the disease course of COVID-19, and therefore may be considered as a therapeutic target in severely ill patients with COVID-19.
Defects and failure types of solid insulation in gas‐insulated switchgear: In situ study and case analysis
Authors: Xing Yunqi , Wang Zhiwen , Liu Lin , Xu Yuan , Yang Yang , Liu Shan , Zhou Fusheng , He Shun , Li Chuanyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) has been widely used in modern ultra‐high voltage systems. However, once it fails, its fully enclosed feature brings challenges in its diagnosis and maintenance. As the failure rate of GIS due to insulator failure has been increasing in recent years, it is necessary and important to understand the commonly existing defects presented in the insulator. First, the manufacturing process of GIS insulators is introduced here. The defect types commonly existing in the insulator are categorised. The failure of GIS due to insulator defects that occurred in recent years are reviewed and discussed. The content in this study is useful for engineers and scientists to study on the GIS solid insulation defects and their failure mechanisms.
Investigation on the spatiotemporal structures of supra-arcade spikes
Authors: Liu Rui , Wang Yuming 
Published: July 2021

Context. The vertical current sheet (VCS) trailing coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is the key place at which the flare energy release and the CME buildup take place through magnetic reconnection. The VCS is often studied from the edge-on perspective for the morphological similarity with the two-dimensional “standard” picture, but its three-dimensional structure can only be revealed when the flare arcade is observed side on. The structure and dynamics in the so-called supra-arcade region thus contain important clues to the physical processes in flares and CMEs.
Aims. We focus on supra-arcade spikes (SASs), interpreted as the VCS viewed side on, to study their spatiotemporal structures. By comparing the number of spikes and the in situ derived magnetic twist in interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs), we intend to check on the inference from the standard picture that each spike represents an active reconnection site and that each episode of reconnection adds approximately one turn of twist to the CME flux rope.
Methods. For this investigation we selected four events, in which the flare arcade has a significant north-south orientation and the associated CME is traversed by a near-Earth spacecraft. We studied the SASs using high-cadence high-resolution 131 Å images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory.
Results. By identifying each individual spike during the decay phase of the selected eruptive flares, we found that the widths of spikes are log-normal distributed. However, the Fourier power spectra of the overall supra-arcade extreme ultraviolet emission, including bright spikes, dark downflows, and the diffuse background, are power-law distributed in terms of either spatial frequency k or temporal frequency ν, which reflects the fragmentation of the VCS. We demonstrate that coronal emission-line intensity observations dominated by Kolmogorov turbulence would exhibit a power spectrum of E(k) ∼ k−13/3 or E(ν) ∼ ν−7/2, which is consistent with our observations. By comparing the number of SASs and the turns of field lines as derived from the ICMEs, we found a consistent axial length of ∼3.5 AU for three events with a CME speed of ∼1000 km s−1 in the inner heliosphere; but we found a much longer axial length (∼8 AU) for the fourth event with an exceptionally fast CME speed of ∼1500 km s−1, suggesting that when the spacecraft traversed its leg this ICME was flattened and its “nose” was significantly past the Earth.
Japanische Moxibustion im Kampf gegen multiresistente Tuberkulose
Authors: Young Merlin 
Published: July 2021

SummaryMoxafrica ist eine britische Wohltätigkeitsorganisation. Sie widmet sich der Erforschung der Immunmodulation mithilfe der direkten Moxibustion in der ergänzenden Behandlung von Tuberkulose – insbesondere, wenn diese medikamentenresistent ist.
Toyohari – eine Einführung
Authors: Birch Stephen 
Published: July 2021

SummaryDie Ostasiatische Nadeltherapie Toyohari entwickelte sich aus einer Studiengruppe des blinden Akupunkteurs Kodo Fukushima, die sich wiederum aus der Meridiantherapie entwickelte. In der Toyohari-Behandlung werden insbesondere Tastbefunde aus Puls- und Bauchdiagnose einbezogen, die auch den jeweils folgenden Behandlungsschritt bestimmen. Die Toyohari-Methoden werden in monatlich zusammenkommenden Studiengruppen fortgeschrittener Therapeuten stetig evaluiert und weiterentwickelt.
Behandlung von erwachsenen Patienten mit ambulant erworbener Pneumonie – Update 2021
Authors: Ewig S. , Kolditz M. , Pletz M. , Altiner A. , Albrich W. , Drömann D. , Flick H. , Gatermann S. , Krüger S. , Nehls W. , Panning M. , Rademacher J. , Rohde G. , Rupp J. , Schaaf B. , Heppner H.-J. , Krause R. , Ott S. , Welte T. , Witzenrath M. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Leitlinie umfasst ein aktualisiertes Konzept der Behandlung und Prävention von erwachsenen Patienten mit ambulant erworbener Pneumonie und löst die bisherige Leitlinie aus dem Jahre 2016 ab.Sie wurde entsprechend den Maßgaben zur Methodologie einer S3-Leitlinie erarbeitet und verabschiedet. Hierzu gehören eine systematische Literaturrecherche und -bewertung, die strukturierte Diskussion der aus der Literatur begründbaren Empfehlungen sowie eine Offenlegung und Bewertung möglicher Interessenskonflikte.Die Leitlinie zeichnet sich aus durch eine Zentrierung auf definierte klinische Situationen, eine aktualisierte Maßgabe der Schweregradbestimmung sowie Empfehlungen zu einer individualisierten Auswahl der initialen antimikrobiellen Therapie.Die Empfehlungen zielen gleichzeitig auf eine strukturierte Risikoevaluation als auch auf eine frühzeitige Bestimmung des Therapieziels, um einerseits bei kurativem Therapieziel die Letalität der Erkrankung zu reduzieren, andererseits bei palliativem Therapieziel eine palliative Therapie zu eröffnen.