bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of Marfan syndrome on an Aboriginal Australian family: ‘I don’t like it as much as I don’t like cancer’
Authors: McInerney‐Leo Aideen M. , West Jennifer , Meiser Bettina , West Malcolm , Toombs Maree R. , Brown Matthew A. , Duncan Emma L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMarfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder. Aortic dilatation/dissection and ectopia lentis are the most severe features, which affect physical functioning and psychological well‐being. In Aboriginal Australians, there is little psychosocial research on genetic conditions. This study explored the physical, psychological, and practical impacts of MFS on Aboriginal Australians. Eighteen (8 affected and 10 unaffected) members of a large Aboriginal Australian family with MFS participated in an ethically approved study. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. All individuals reported challenges from MFS, negatively affecting day‐to‐day living. Severe vision impairment was perceived as the greatest challenge, contributing to feelings of stigma and exclusion. With aging, concerns shifted toward cardiac complications. The unpredictability of lens dislocation and aortic dissection was reported to be psychologically challenging. Participants described MFS‐related barriers to obtaining and retaining employment, especially following cardiac surgery; with consequential psychological and financial hardships. Participants articulated that their cultural drive to support the ill and respectfully mourn the deceased, regardless of distance, resulted in a significant financial burden. Additionally, when hospitalization and/or funerals occurred, financially solvent individuals were expected to share resources, without any expectation of repayment or reciprocity (i.e., ‘demand sharing’, common in Aboriginal Australian culture). This study documents the nature and pervasiveness of uncertainty for both affected and unaffected members of an MFS family. Many reported challenges are consistent with other MFS cohorts (including stigma, social exclusion, and unemployment). However, our findings suggest that cultural values may exacerbate the financial costs of MFS for Aboriginal Australians.
“It went through the roof”: an observation study exploring the rise in PrEP uptake among Zimbabwean female sex workers in response to adaptations during Covid‐19
Authors: Matambanadzo Primrose , Busza Joanna , Mafaune Haurovi , Chinyanganya Lillian , Machingura Fortunate , Ncube Getrude , Steen Richard , Phillips Andrew , Cowan Frances Mary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionSisters with a Voice (Sisters), a programme providing community‐led differentiated HIV prevention and treatment services, including condoms, HIV testing, pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral therapy linkage for sex workers, reached over 26,000 female sex workers (FSW) across Zimbabwe in 2020. Zimbabwe's initial Covid “lockdown” in March 2020 and associated movement restrictions interrupted clinical service provision for 6 weeks, particularly in mobile clinics, triggering the adaptation of services for the Covid‐19 context and a scale up of differentiated service delivery (DSD) models. PrEP service delivery decentralized with shifts from clinical settings towards community/home‐based, peer‐led PrEP services to expand and maintain access. We hypothesize that peer‐led community‐based provision of PrEP services influenced both demand and supply‐side determinants of PrEP uptake. We observed the effect of these adaptations on PrEP uptake among FSW accessing services in Sisters in 2020.MethodsNew FSW PrEP initiations throughout 2020 were tracked by analysing routine Sisters programme data and comparing it with national PrEP initiation data for 2020. We mapped PrEP uptake among all negative FSW attending services in Sisters alongside Covid‐19 adaptations and shifts in the operating environment throughout 2020: prior to lockdown (January–March 2020), during severe restrictions (April–June 2020), subsequent easing (July–September 2020) and during drug stockouts that followed (October–December 2020).Results and discussionPrEP uptake in 2020 occurred at rates <25% (315 initiations or fewer) per month prior to the emergence of Covid‐19. In response to Covid‐19 restrictions, DSD models were scaled up in April 2020, including peer demand creation, community‐based delivery, multi‐month dispensing and the use of virtual platforms for appointment scheduling and post‐PrEP initiation support. Beginning May 2020, PrEP uptake increased monthly, peaking at an initiation rate of 51% (n = 1360) in September 2020. Unexpected rise in demand coincided with national commodity shortages between October and December 2020, resulting in restriction of new initiations with sites prioritizing refills.ConclusionsDespite the impact of Covid‐19 on the Sisters Programme and FSW mobility, DSD adaptations led to a large increase in PrEP initiations compared to pre‐Covid levels demonstrating that a peer‐led, community‐based PrEP service delivery model is effective and can be adopted for long‐term use.
Evaluation of the integration of telehealth into the same‐day antiretroviral therapy initiation service in Bangkok, Thailand in response to COVID‐19: a mixed‐method analysis of real‐world data
Authors: Amatavete Sorawit , Lujintanon Sita , Teeratakulpisarn Nipat , Thitipatarakorn Supanat , Seekaew Pich , Hanaree Chonticha , Sripanjakun Jirayuth , Prabjuntuek Chotika , Suwannarat Lertkwan , Phattanathawornkool Thana , Photisan Nuttawoot , Suriwong Sujittra , Avery Matthew , Mills Stephen , Phanuphak Praphan , Phanuphak Nittaya , Ramautarsing Reshmie A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionSame‐day antiretroviral therapy (SDART) initiation has been implemented at the Thai Red Cross Anonymous Clinic (TRCAC) in Bangkok, Thailand, since 2017. HIV‐positive, antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve clients who are willing and clinically eligible start ART on the day of HIV diagnosis. In response to the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak in March 2020, telehealth follow‐up was established to comply with COVID‐19 preventive measures and allow service continuation. Here, we evaluate its implementation.MethodsPre‐COVID‐19 (until February 2020) clients who initiated SDART received a 2‐week ART supply and returned to the clinic for evaluation before being referred to long‐term ART maintenance facilities. If no adverse events (AEs) occurred, another 8‐week ART supply was provided while referral was arranged. During the first wave of COVID‐19 (March–May 2020), clients received a 4‐week ART supply and the option of conducting follow‐up consultation and physical examination via video call. Clients with severe AEs were required to return to TRCAC; those without received another 6‐week ART supply by courier to bridge transition to long‐term facilities. This adaptation continued post‐first wave (May–August 2020). Routine service data were analysed using data from March to August 2019 for the pre‐COVID‐19 period. Interviews and thematic analysis were conducted to understand experiences of clients and providers, and gain feedback for service improvement.ResultsOf 922, 183 and 321 eligible clients from the three periods, SDART reach [89.9%, 96.2% and 92.2% (p = 0.018)] and ART initiation rates [88.1%, 90.9% and 94.9% (p<0.001)] were high. ART uptake, time to ART initiation and rates of follow‐up completion improved over time. After the integration, 35.3% received the telehealth follow‐up. The rates of successful referral to a long‐term facility (91.8% vs. 95.3%, p = 0.535) and retention in care at months 3 (97.5% vs. 98.0%, p = 0.963) and 6 (94.1% vs. 98.4%, p = 0.148) were comparable for those receiving in‐person and telehealth follow‐up. Six clients and nine providers were interviewed; six themes on service experience and feedback were identified.ConclusionsTelehealth follow‐up with ART delivery for SDART clients is a feasible option to differentiate ART initiation services at TRCAC, which led to its incorporation into routine service.
Differentiated service delivery models among PLHIV in Akwa Ibom and Cross River States, Nigeria during the COVID‐19 pandemic: descriptive analysis of programmatic data
Authors: Sanwo Olusola , Persaud Navindra E. , Nwaokoro Pius , Idemudia Augustine , Akpan Uduak , Toyo Otoyo , Imohi Philip , Badru Titilope , Obiora‐Okafo Chika , Uzochukwu Chimamaka Excellence , Aliu Oluwapelumi , Olatunbosun Kolawole , Pandey Satish Raj , Khamofu Hadiza , Chiegil Robert , James Ezekiel , Iyortim Isa , Oqua Dorothy , Bateganya Moses 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe rapid increase in the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Akwa Ibom and Cross River states in Nigeria led to overcrowding at clinics. Patients were devolved to receive ART refills through five differentiated service delivery (DSD) models: fast‐track (FT), adolescent refill clubs (ARCs), community pharmacy ART refill programs (CPARPs), community ART refill clubs (CARCs) and community ART refill groups (CARGs) designed to meet the needs of different groups of PLHIV. In the context of COVID‐19‐related travel restrictions, out‐of‐facility models offered critical mechanisms for continuity of treatment. We compared retention and viral suppression among those devolved to DSD with those who continued standard care at facilities.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients devolved to DSD from January 2018 to December 2020. Bivariate analyses were conducted to assess differences in retention and viral suppression by socio‐demographic characteristics. Kaplan–Meier assessed retention at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Differences in proportions were compared using the chi‐square test; a p‐value of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 40,800 PLHIV from 84 facilities received ART through the five models: CARC (53%), FT (19.1%), ARC (12.1%), CPARP (10.4%) and CARG (5.4%). Retention rates at 6 months exceeded 96% for all models compared to 94% among those continuing standard care. Among those using DSD, retention rate at 12 months was higher among adults than children (97.8% vs. 96.7%, p = 0.04). No significant sex differences in retention rates were found among those enrolled in DSD. Viral suppression rates among PLHIV served through DSD were significantly higher among adults than children (95.4% vs. 89.2%; p <0.01). Among adults, 95.4% enrolled in DSD were virally suppressed compared to 91.8% of those in standard care (p <0.01). For children, 89.2% enrolled in DSD were virally suppressed compared to 83.2% in standard care (p <0.01).ConclusionsPLHIV receiving ART through DSD models had retention but higher viral suppression rates compared to those receiving standard care. Expanding DSD during COVID‐19 has helped ensure uninterrupted access to ART in Nigeria. Further scale‐up is warranted to decongest facilities and improve clinical outcomes.
Propagation characteristics of very low frequency vortex electromagnetic waves in an anisotropic ionosphere
Authors: Zhang Shitian , Wang Xianrui , Wang Maoyan , Peng Huaiyun , Wei Bing , Han Xiange 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report very low frequency (VLF) orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex electromagnetic waves propagation in an anisotropic ionosphere by proposing a Hertizan dipole array antenna. The circular array with linear insulated antennas is designed and demonstrated to generate vortex waves carrying OAM modes. To match the impedance of the ionosphere with high refractive index in the VLF band, electromagnetic characteristics of single linear antenna in the ionosphere is adjusted by selecting proper radii and electrical length. Effects of high and anisotropic refractive index of the time‐ and space‐varying ionosphere on the OAM spectra and phase profiles generated by the array antenna are analyzed. Numerical results show that the propagation features present obvious differences if OAM vortex electromagnetic waves change their topological charges. The VLF vortex waves can provide an efficient avenue to increase the spectrum efficiency, more information will be offered by the OAM VLF waves for wireless communications and information transmissions.
Increased susceptibility to quinolinic acid‐induced seizures and long‐term changes in brain oscillations in an animal model of glutaric acidemia type I
Authors: Barbieri Caus Letícia , Pasquetti Mayara Vendramin , Seminotti Bianca , Woontner Michael , Wajner Moacir , Calcagnotto Maria Elisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlutaric acidemia type I (GA‐I) is an inborn error of metabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan, caused by glutaryl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase (GCDH) deficiency, characterized by the buildup of toxic organic acids predominantly in the brain. After acute catabolic states, patients usually develop striatal degeneration, but the mechanisms behind this damage are still unknown. Quinolinic acid (QA), a metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, increases especially during infections/inflammatory processes, and could act synergically with organic acids, contributing to the neurological features of GA‐I. The aim of this study was to investigate whether QA increases seizure susceptibility and modifies brain oscillation patterns in an animal model of GA‐I, the Gcdh−/− mice taking high‐lysine diet (Gcdh−/−‐Lys). Therefore, the characteristics of QA‐induced seizures and changes in brain oscillatory patterns were evaluated by video‐electroencephalography (EEG) analysis recorded in Gcdh−/−‐Lys, Gcdh+/+‐Lys, and Gcdh−/−‐N (normal diet) animals. We found that the number of seizures per animal was similar for all groups receiving QA, Gcdh−/−‐Lys‐QA, Gcdh+/+‐Lys‐QA, and Gcdh−/−‐N‐QA. However, severe seizures were observed in the majority of Gcdh−/−‐Lys‐QA mice (82%), and only in 25% of Gcdh+/+‐Lys‐QA and 44% of Gcdh−/−‐N‐QA mice. All Gcdh−/−‐Lys animals developed spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), but Gcdh−/−‐Lys‐QA animals had increased number of SRS, higher mortality rate, and significant predominance of lower frequency oscillations on EEG. Our results suggest that QA plays an important role in the neurological features of GA‐I, as Gcdh−/−‐Lys mice exhibit increased susceptibility to intrastriatal QA‐induced seizures and long‐term changes in brain oscillations.
Effect of selenium‐position on the redox responsivity of isomeric selenium‐containing anionic surfactants
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhu Bo , Zhang Yongmin , Liu Xuefeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effect of Se‐position on the redox responsivity of three isomeric selenium‐containing surfactants (CmSeCnSO4Na, n = 3, 8, and 11, m + n = 15) was investigated under the conditions of monomer, micelle, and adsorbed layer at the liquid paraffin‐water interface. The divalent selenide group in CmSeCnSO4Na (the reduction form, CmSeCnSO4Na‐Re) was oxidized to a more hydrophilic tetravalent selenoxide by the oxidation with H2O2 to afford CmSeOCnSO4Na (the oxidation form, CmSeCnSO4Na‐Ox), and the selenoxide group of CmSeCnSO4Na‐Ox could be reduced to selenide by the reduction with Na2SO3 to form CmSeCnSO4Na‐Re again. In the oxidation process of the monomeric CmSeCnSO4Na in water, no obvious difference in the oxidation responsivity among three Se‐position isomers was observed. In contrast, a remarkable effect of the Se‐position on the oxidation responsivity was observed in the cases of CmSeCnSO4Na self‐assemblies, including micelles and adsorbed layers at the liquid paraffin‐water interface. Both the steric hindrance of the well‐organized self‐assemblies and the hydrophobic microenvironment of the selenide group in the self‐assemblies hindered the Se atom from reacting with H2O2. The greater n, the harder was the oxidation of Se with H2O2. In the reduction process of CmSeCnSO4Na‐Ox, the hydrophilic selenoxide group was exposed outright to water, allowing the selenoxide group to readily react with Na2SO3 regardless of whether CmSeCnSO4Na‐Ox was self‐assembled or not.
Simultaneous determination of penthiopyrad enantiomers and its metabolite in vegetables, fruits, and cereals using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Liu Yu , Liang Hongwu , Li Li , Shi Kaiwei , Wang Jia , Zhu Yuke , Ma Cheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPenthiopyrad is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor that has one chiral center and exists a metabolite, 1‐methyl‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide in its residue definition. An efficient analytical method for the simultaneous determination of penthiopyrad enantiomers and its metabolite in eight matrices were developed using modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe method, coupled with chiral stationary phase and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of penthiopyrad enantiomers was confirmed by polarimetry and electronic circular dichroism. Eight polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases were evaluated in terms of the enantioseparation of penthiopyrad and separation‐related factors (the mobile phase, flow rate and the column temperature) were optimized. To obtain an optimal purification, different sorbent combinations were assessed. The linearities of this method were acceptable in the range of 0.005 to 1 mg/L with R2 > 0.998, while the limits of detection and quantification were 0.0015 mg/kg and 0.01 mg/kg for two enantiomers and its metabolite. The average recoveries of R‐(‐)‐penthiopyrad, S‐(+)‐penthiopyrad and the metabolite ranged from 75.4 to 109.1, 69.5 to 112.8, and 70.0 to 108.5%, respectively. The intra‐day and inter‐day relative standard deviations were less than 18.8%. The analytical method was accurate and convenient, which can support their further research on stereoselective degradation, residual monitoring and risk assessment.
Diosmetin inhibits apoptosis and activates AMPK‐induced autophagy in myocardial damage under hypoxia environment
Authors: He Wen‐Shuai , Wu Yun , Ren Mao‐Jia , Yu Zhong‐Yu , Zhao Xing‐Sheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInhibition of hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is considered as an important treatment method for ischemic heart diseases, but related drugs are still insufficient. The present study aims to explore the protective function and mechanism of the key Chinese medicine monomer diosmetin (DIOS) on the injury of cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia. Here, AC16 and HCM‐a cells were treated with 40 μM of DIOS under hypoxic environment and a hypoxic rat model was built to study the role of DIOS. The viability and autophagy of cardiomyocytes were increased, but the apoptosis of cells was suppressed by 40 μM DIOS, under hypoxic environment. Intriguingly, 10 mM 3‐methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, reversed the effect of DIOS on autophagy and apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Furthermore, DIOS induced AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and Compound C (5 μM), an AMPK inhibitor, attenuated the inhibition of DIOS on the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes under hypoxia environment. In isoprenaline‐induced hypoxic rats, it was verified that DIOS inhibited apoptosis, accelerated autophagy, and activated AMPKα pathway in vivo. Our findings indicated that DIOS alleviated hypoxia‐induced myocardial apoptosis via inducing the activation of AMPK‐induced autophagy. In summary, the study suggested that DIOS inhibited the apoptosis and induced the autophagy of hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocytes through AMPK activation.
Knowledge hiding in organization: A comprehensive literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Garg Neha , Kumar Chitresh , Ganguly Anirban 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch on knowledge hiding has rapidly increased over the past decade, but findings have thus far not been systematically synthesized. This, therefore, has not only hampered the clarity surrounding the construct but also restricted growth in this line of research. The current study thus attempts to integrate the scattered KH literature through a systematic literature review to understand the growth of the KH construct, thereby synthesizing the extant research findings, as well as uncovering areas that require future research. Accordingly, 92 research papers were systematically searched, critically evaluated, and synthesized to make the available knowledge and evidence more accessible to scholars and practitioners. The synthesis not only answers some fundamental, yet blurred questions around the construct, but also provides a composite sense of diverse findings recorded in the extant literature that would assist in drawing conclusions and future decision‐making around knowledge hiding behaviors. It also maps out the relatively neglected areas that require more attention going forward and consequently proposes that the next decade should look forward to more compare and contrast studies from a socio‐economic, cultural, product‐specific, and industrial sector perspective. The study is expected to motivate academicians and researchers to advance the field theoretically by providing a constructive platform for future studies, in the process, advance the literature in this field. Further, it builds a worthwhile case for organizations to recognize the existence of knowledge hiding and judge the associated risks, benefits, and harms to make informed decisions.
Clinical Outcomes of Diffuse Sclerosing Variant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Brady Charles , Manning Scott C. , Rudzinski Erin , Paulson Vera , Wang Xing , Liu Yajuan J. , Parikh Sanjay R. , Bonilla‐Velez Julianna , Hawkins Douglas S. , Dahl John 
Published: October 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSV) may be more aggressive than conventional well‐differentiated non‐DSV related papillary thyroid carcinomas (N‐PTC).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical outcomes for patients 21 years of age or younger who underwent initial surgery for PTC at a single institution from January 1, 2005 to April 1, 2020. Genomic analysis was performed using targeted next‐generation sequencing. Data were analyzed using Fischer's exact test and Kaplan–Meier curve log‐rank test.ResultsOur cohort consisted of 72 patients, nine with DSV and 63 with N‐PTC. Age at diagnosis was comparable (15.4 vs. 16.2 years, respectively,P = .46). DSV were more likely to be in the high‐risk American Thyroid Academy pediatric risk group (100% vs. 41.3%,P = .004), to present with regional cervical lymph node metastases (100% vs. 60.3%,P = .036), and to present with distant metastases (67% vs. 22%,P = .005). No mortality seen in either group over 27.5 (interquartile range 14.8, 46.00) months average follow‐up. Throughout the follow‐up period, DSV were more likely to experience progression than N‐PTC (hazard ratio = 5.7 [95% confidence interval 1.7–20.0;P = .0056]). In a subset of 19 patients with aggressive disease who had molecular testing as part of clinical care we detectedRETfusions in nearly all DSV compared to a minority of N‐PTC (83% vs. 15.4%,P = .0095).ConclusionsPediatric patients with DSV have more advanced disease at diagnosis and are more likely to experience progression of disease compared to patients with N‐PTC. The prevalence ofRETfusions in our cohort recapitulates the frequency of this alteration described in prior studies.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 132:1132–1138, 2022