bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy metabolism during exercise in patients with β‐enolase deficiency (GSDXIII)
Authors: Buch Astrid Emilie , Musumeci Olimpia , Wigley Ralph , Stemmerik Mads Peter Godtfeldt , Eisum Anne‐Sofie Vibæk , Madsen Karen Lindhardt , Preisler Nicolai , Hilton‐Jones David , Quinlivan Ros , Toscano Antonio , Vissing John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the in vivo skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with β‐enolase deficiency (GSDXIII) during exercise, and the effect of glucose infusion.MethodsThree patients with GSDXIII and 10 healthy controls performed a nonischemic handgrip test as well as an incremental cycle ergometer test measuring maximal oxidative consumption (VO2max) and a 1‐hour submaximal cycle test at an intensity of 65% to 75% of VO2max. The patients repeated the submaximal exercise after 2 days, where they received a 10% iv‐glucose supplementation.ResultsPatients had lower VO2max than healthy controls, and two of three patients had to stop prematurely during the intended 1‐hour submaximal exercise test. During nonischemic forearm test, all patients were able to produce lactate in normal amounts. Glucose infusion had no effect on patients' exercise capacity.ConclusionsPatients with GSDXIII experience exercise intolerance and episodes of myoglobinuria, even to the point of needing renal dialysis, but still retain an almost normal anaerobic metabolic response to submaximal intensity exercise. In accordance with this, glucose supplementation did not improve exercise capacity. The findings show that GSDXIII, although causing episodic rhabdomyolysis, is one of the mildest metabolic myopathies affecting glycolysis.
Prenatal onset of the neuroradiologic phenotype of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency due to homozygous PC c.1828G > A mutations
Authors: Mhanni Aizeddin A. , Rockman‐Greenberg Cheryl , Ryner Lawrence , Bunge Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPyruvate carboxylase (PC) deficiency (MIM# 266150) is an autosomal recessive disorder with three subtypes. Patients homozygous for the c.1828G > A mutation in the PC gene belong to type A, which typically has infantile onset, severe to profound developmental delay, hypotonia, and lactic acidemia. We report the neuroimaging abnormalities in a 33‐week gestation infant homozygous for the c.1828G > A mutation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging on day 10 of life revealed increased T2 signal within the subcortical and periventricular white matter, an immature gyral pattern, large periventricular cysts with mass effect on the lateral ventricles, and dilatation of the occipital and temporal horns. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed reduced creatine and NAA peaks, a relatively high choline peak and no lactate peak. These findings were observed prior to the neonate experiencing any episodes of decompensation with lactic acidosis. The presence of these brain anomalies at this gestational age, prior to any metabolic decompensation, supports the essential role of PC in normal brain morphogenesis and the resulting in‐utero brain anomalies secondary to its deficiency. Our experience with this affected premature infant and many others we have managed with the same founder mutation suggests that the clinical phenotypes of the type A and the more severe type B PC deficient patients are on a spectrum rather than distinct subtypes.
Plasma‐based ambient mass spectrometry: Recent progress and applications
Authors: Yue Hanlu , He Feiyao , Zhao Zhongjun , Duan Yixiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmbient mass spectrometry (AMS) has grown as a group of advanced analytical techniques that allow for the direct sampling and ionization of the analytes in different statuses from their native environment without or with minimum sample pretreatments. As a significant category of AMS, plasma‐based AMS has gained a lot of attention due to its features that allow rapid, real‐time, high‐throughput, in vivo, and in situ analysis in various fields, including bioanalysis, pharmaceuticals, forensics, food safety, and mass spectrometry imaging. Tens of new methods have been developed since the introduction of the first plasma‐based AMS technique direct analysis in real‐time. This review first provides a comprehensive overview of the established plasma‐based AMS techniques from their ion source configurations, mechanisms, and developments. Then, the progress of the representative applications in various scientific fields in the past 4 years (January 2017 to January 2021) has been summarized. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and propose the future directions of plasma‐based AMS from our perspective.
Evaluating student attitudes and learning at remote collegiate soil judging events
Authors: Owen Rachel K. , Anderson Amber , Bhandari Ammar , Clark Kerry , Davis Morgan , Dere Ashlee , Jelinski Nic , Moorberg Colby , Osterloh Kristopher , Presley DeAnn , Turk Judith , Young Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs with many aspects of teaching, the COVID‐19 pandemic forced soil judging teams to attempt new strategies towards achieving student learning outcomes. Soil judging Regions IV and V hosted remote regional contests in October 2020 in place of traditional, in‐person contests typically held each fall. We conducted pre‐ and post‐contest surveys to assess student learning outcomes, attitudes, and reflections on the remote contest experience compared to past, in‐person contest experiences. We received 108 total responses from students who participated in the Region IV and Region V remote soil judging contests (>80% response rate). In self‐reported learning outcomes, there were no significant gains post‐contest and there were minimal differences between students in Regions IV and V. Female students, students with more soil judging experience, and students who had taken more soil science courses agreed more strongly that soil science is important, that they planned to pursue careers in soil science, and that they gained important skills from soil judging. Finally, students who previously participated in contests reported that they gained more knowledge and enjoyed in‐person contests more than the remote contests held in Fall 2020. Thus, while it is possible to replicate some aspects of the soil judging experience in a remote contest, other aspects that are critical to student engagement are lost when teams are unable to gather at the contest location and examine soils in the field.
Very thin crystalline silicon cells: A way to improve the photovoltaic performance at elevated temperatures
Authors: Sai Hitoshi , Sato Yoshiki , Oku Toshiki , Matsui Takuya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn general, the conversion efficiency of solar cells decreases with the increase in temperature. This temperature dependence is mitigated by enhancing the open circuit voltage (VOC). Given a solar cell, its VOC can be enhanced by several routes, for example, reducing the defect density within the absorber, applying passivating contacts, and reducing the absorber thickness. In this work, we investigate the impact of wafer thickness in crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells from the viewpoint of the photovoltaic performance at elevated temperatures. It is confirmed experimentally that the VOC of c‐Si solar cells increases by thinning the Si wafer, for example, VOC ≥ 0.75 V is obtained at a wafer thickness of <60 μm with a conversion efficiency of 22.7%, if surface recombination is sufficiently suppressed. It is also confirmed that thin c‐Si cells exhibiting high VOC show less temperature dependence. As a result, the optimum wafer thickness for maximizing the efficiency decreases with the increase in temperature according to the relation of −1.1 μm/°C. Numerical simulation predicts that this tendency becomes more emphasized with the suppression of Shockley–Read–Hall recombination. These findings suggest that the device structure of c‐Si solar cells including the choice of the wafer thickness should be optimized depending on the operating temperature in the field.
Effect of benzene ring on the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer mechanisms of hydroxyquinoline derivatives
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhao Jing , Li Chaozheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe proton transfer process of 8‐hydroxyquinoline (HQ) can occur from the hydroxy oxygen to the pyridine nitrogen through a five‐membered ring. For 10‐hydroxybenzo[h]quinolone (HBQ), the proton transfer process occurs through a six‐membered ring due to the insertion of a benzene ring between phenol and pyridine. In this work, the proton transfer processes of the five‐membered (HQ) and six‐membered (HBQ) ring hydroxyquinoline hydrogen bond systems were studied through theoretical methods. The geometric parameters and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra analysis show that the insertion of a benzene ring between phenol and pyridine affect the strength of the intramolecular hydrogen bond (O─H···N). Upon photoexcitation, the electron density is redistributed, which can provide driving force for the proton transfer processes. The potential barrier of the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process for HQ is 3.05 kcal/mol, whereas the ESIPT process of HBQ is barrierless. It is demonstrated that the proton transfer process of HBQ is easier than that of HQ in S1 state. The proton transfer process of HQ can only occur in S1 state, whereas that of HBQ can occur in the ground state (S0) and S1 state. In addition, the analysis of the nonadiabatic dynamics simulations reveals that the ESIPT process of HBQ (26 fs) is faster than that of HQ (53 fs). To sum up, the insertion of a benzene ring between phenol and pyridine affect the strength of the intramolecular hydrogen bond (O─H···N) and then affect the proton transfer processes to some extent.
p‐cymene impairs SARS‐CoV‐2 and Influenza A (H1N1) viral replication: In silico predicted interaction with SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein and H1N1 nucleoprotein
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Athanasios , Tseliou Melpomeni , Karakasiliotis Ioannis , Kotzampasi Danai‐Maria , Daskalakis Vangelis , Kesesidis Nikolaos , Notas George , Lionis Christos , Kampa Marilena , Pirintsos Stergios , Sourvinos George , Castanas Elias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTherapeutic regimens for the COVID‐19 pandemics remain unmet. In this line, repurposing of existing drugs against known or predicted SARS‐CoV‐2 protein actions have been advanced, while natural products have also been tested. Here, we propose that p‐cymene, a natural monoterpene, can act as a potential novel agent for the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced COVID‐19 and other RNA‐virus‐induced diseases (influenza, rabies, Ebola). We show by extensive molecular simulations that SARS‐CoV‐2 C‐terminal structured domain contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS), like SARS‐CoV, on which p‐cymene binds with low micromolar affinity, impairing nuclear translocation of this protein and inhibiting viral replication, as verified by preliminary in vitro experiments. A similar mechanism may occur in other RNA‐viruses (influenza, rabies and Ebola), also verified in vitro for influenza, by interaction of p‐cymene with viral nucleoproteins, and structural modification of their NLS site, weakening its interaction with importin A. This common mechanism of action renders therefore p‐cymene as a possible antiviral, alone, or in combination with other agents, in a broad spectrum of RNA viruses, from SARS‐CoV‐2 to influenza A infections.
Hybrid fiber concrete with different basalt fiber length and content
Authors: Khan Mehran , Cao Mingli , Xie Chaopeng , Ali Majid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe concrete undergoes brittle failure, which is a disadvantage for stability and safety analysis. This drawback was compensated by addition of different types and size of fibers for improving the compressive and fracture characteristics. The incorporation of multi‐scale hybrid fibers in concrete showed enhanced performance at multi‐level than that of single type or size of fiber. This study examined the influence of basalt fiber length (12, 25, 37, and 50 mm) and content (0.15% and 0.3%) on compressive and fracture parameters of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HyFRC). Systematic experimentations were performed on mechanical properties which include compressive strength (f'c), toughness index (ɳ) and capability coefficient index (ξ), initial fracture toughness (), unstable fracture toughness (), and fracture energy (). The crack resistance process and fiber‐matrix interaction obtained by scanning electron microscopy analysis were also discussed. The proposed analytical models of HyFRC stress–strain equations indicated great suitability for fitting of experimental behavior with R2 ≥ 0.92. The basalt fiber with different length and contents showed a great potential in HyFRC and indicated a substantial degree of enhancement for the compressive and fracture properties, as compared to that of PC and HyFRC without basalt fiber.
Study on the influencing factors of natural pectin's flocculation: Their sources, modification, and optimization
Authors: Shao Fulin , Xu Jingtao , Zhang Jinyong , Wei Luyao , Zhao Congcong , Cheng Xiaoxiang , Lu Chongxiao , Fu Yanzhao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNatural pectin, derived from fruit residue, presented a certain flocculation performance in previous studies. However, the process of extraction and treatment affected the flocculation performance considering the uncontrollable chemical composition and the molecule structure. In this study, degree of esterification (DE), degree of amidation (DA) were used as the internal factors affecting flocculation performance. The DE/DA values of pectin were obtained through FTIR, elemental analyses, H‐NMR, and titration measurements. The kaolin suspension was employed for the coagulation jar tests, and the removal of NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) was used as the index of the flocculation performance. Results showed that the flocculation performance of pectin arising from different fruits was different, which was associated with the various preparation processes. By introducing polar groups into pectin, the flocculation was found to be related to bridging, adsorption, and charge neutralization. Based on the trends of three‐dimensional response surfaces, the flocculation effect was improved with the decreased DE and the increased DA. The optimized amidated pectin was obtained by the amidation experiment, the turbidity reduction in wastewater was 99.63%.Practitioner points

The internal influencing factors of pectin as a flocculant were investigated.
Different sources of pectin show different flocculation ability.
Amidation modification can improve the flocculation performance of pectin.
Response surface method to study the interaction of different influencing factors.
Pectin may replace synthetic flocculants in water treatment.
Adaptive boundary stabilization of a nonlinear axially moving string
Authors: Kelleche Abdelkarim , Tatar Nasser Eddine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we are interested in stabilizing a nonlinear axially moving string by an adaptive boundary control. The existence and uniqueness of a solution of the closed loop system is dealt with in the framework of the nonlinear semigroup theory by using a theorem due to Crandall‐Liggett. The control is constructed through a low‐gain adaptive velocity feedback. It is shown that the formulated control is capable of stabilizing exponentially the closed loop system.
Analyticity of solutions to thermo‐elastic‐plastic flow problem with microtemperatures
Authors: Aouadi Moncef , Bettaieb Mohamed Ben , Abed‐Meraim Farid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study some qualitative and numerical properties of new equations including the coupled effects of thermal elastic‐plastic theory with microtemperatures. We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions to guarantee that the model dissipates energy. The one‐dimensional case, which corresponds to isotropic hardening problem, is chosen in order to present some qualitative and numerical properties. With the help of the semigroup theory of linear operators, we prove the well‐posedness of the one‐dimensional problem corresponding to plastic flow. Then, we show that the associated semigroup is not analytical in general, except for a special case. The exponential stability of the solutions is kept in all cases. Finally, a numerical tool, based on the finite element method, is developed to validate the proposed model and to show its capability. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the elastoplastic behavior in the development of this tool.
Learning in Collaboration: Exploring Processes and Outcomes
Authors: Vanblaere Bénédicte , Devos Geert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMoving towards school improvement requires coming to understand what it means for a teacher to engage in ongoing learning and how a professional community can contribute to that end. This mixed methods study first classifies 48 primary schools into clusters, based on the strength of three professional learning community (PLC) characteristics. This results in four meaningful categories of PLCs at different developmental stages. During a one-year project, teacher logs about a school-specific innovation were then collected in four primary schools belonging to two extreme clusters. This analysis focuses on contrasting the collaboration and resulting learning outcomes of experienced teachers in these high and low PLC schools. The groups clearly differed in the type, contents, and profoundness of their collaboration throughout the school year. While the contents of teachers’ learning outcomes show both differences and similarities between high and low PLC schools, outcomes were more diverse in high PLC schools, nurturing optimism about the learning potential in PLCs. The study has implications for systematically supporting teacher learning through PLCs.
S-matrix bootstrap for effective field theories: massless pions
Authors: Guerrieri Andrea L. , Penedones João , Vieira Pedro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We use the numerical S-matrix bootstrap method to obtain bounds on the two leading Wilson coefficients (or low energy constants) of the chiral lagrangian controlling the low-energy dynamics of massless pions. This provides a proof of concept that the numerical S-matrix bootstrap can be used to derive non-perturbative bounds on massless EFTs in more than two spacetime dimensions.
Holographic anisotropic model for light quarks with confinement-deconfinement phase transition
Authors: Aref’eva Irina Ya. , Rannu Kristina , Slepov Pavel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a five-dimensional anisotropic holographic model for light quarks supported by Einstein-dilaton-two-Maxwell action. This model generalizing isotropic holographic model with light quarks is characterized by a Van der Waals-like phase transition between small and large black holes. We compare the location of the phase transition for Wilson loops with the positions of the phase transition related to the background instability and describe the QCD phase diagram in the thermodynamic plane — temperature T and chemical potential μ. The Cornell potential behavior in this anisotropic model is also studied. The asymptotics of the Cornell potential at large distances strongly depend on the parameter of anisotropy and orientation. There is also a nontrivial dependence of the Cornell potential on the boundary conditions of the dilaton field and parameter of anisotropy. With the help of the boundary conditions for the dilaton field one fits the results of the lattice calculations for the string tension as a function of temperature in isotropic case and then generalize to the anisotropic one.
The topological line of ABJ(M) theory
Authors: Gorini Nicola , Griguolo Luca , Guerrini Luigi , Penati Silvia , Seminara Domenico , Soresina Paolo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We construct the one-dimensional topological sector of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 ABJ(M) theory and study its relation with the mass-deformed partition function on S3. Supersymmetric localization provides an exact representation of this partition function as a matrix integral, which interpolates between weak and strong coupling regimes. It has been proposed that correlation functions of dimension-one topological operators should be computed through suitable derivatives with respect to the masses, but a precise proof is still lacking. We present non-trivial evidence for this relation by computing the two-point function at two-loop, successfully matching the matrix model expansion at weak coupling and finite ranks. As a by-product we obtain the two-loop explicit expression for the central charge cT of ABJ(M) theory. Three- and four-point functions up to one-loop confirm the relation as well. Our result points towards the possibility to localize the one-dimensional topological sector of ABJ(M) and may also be useful in the bootstrap program for 3d SCFTs.
The phosphatase PRL-3 affects intestinal homeostasis by altering the crypt cell composition
Authors: Rubio Teresa , Weyershaeuser Judith , Montero Marta G. , Hoffmann Andreas , Lujan Pablo , Jechlinger Martin , Sotillo Rocio , Köhn Maja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExpression of the phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is known to promote tumor growth in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, and the incidence of tumor formation upon inflammatory events correlates with PRL-3 levels in mouse models. These carcinomas and their onset are associated with the impairment of intestinal cell homeostasis, which is regulated by a balanced number of Paneth cells and Lgr5 expressing intestinal stem cells (Lgr5+ ISCs). Nevertheless, the consequences of PRL-3 overexpression on cellular homeostasis and ISC fitness in vivo are unexplored. Here, we employ a doxycycline-inducible PRL-3 mouse strain to show that aberrant PRL-3 expression within a non-cancerous background leads to the death of Lgr5+ ISCs and to Paneth cell expansion. A higher dose of PRL-3, resulting from homozygous expression, led to mice dying early. A primary 3D intestinal culture model obtained from these mice confirmed the loss of Lgr5+ ISCs upon PRL-3 expression. The impaired intestinal organoid formation was rescued by a PRL inhibitor, providing a functional link to the observed phenotypes. These results demonstrate that elevated PRL-3 phosphatase activity in healthy intestinal epithelium impairs intestinal cell homeostasis, which correlates this cellular mechanism of tumor onset with PRL-3-mediated higher susceptibility to tumor formation upon inflammatory or mutational events.Key messages• Transgenic mice homozygous for PRL-3 overexpression die early.• PRL-3 heterozygous mice display disrupted intestinal self-renewal capacity.• PRL-3 overexpression alone does not induce tumorigenesis in the mouse intestine.• PRL-3 activity leads to the death of Lgr5+ ISCs and Paneth cell expansion.• Impairment of cell homeostasis correlates PRL-3 action with tumor onset mechanisms.