bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can targeted interventions change the factors influencing variation in management of infants with bronchiolitis? A survey of Australian and New Zealand clinicians: A paediatric research in emergency departments international collaborative (PREDICT) study
Authors: Haskell Libby , Tavender Emma J , O'Brien Sharon , Wilson Catherine L , Borland Meredith L , Cotterell Elizabeth , Babl Franz E , Zannino Diana , Sheridan Nicolette , Oakley Ed , Dalziel Stuart R 
Published: September 2021

AimThis study aimed to determine whether targeted interventions, proven to be effective at improving evidence‐based bronchiolitis management, changed factors previously found to influence variation in bronchiolitis management.MethodsThis survey assessed change in factors influencing clinicians' (nurses and doctors) bronchiolitis management at baseline and post‐intervention in a cluster randomised controlled trial of targeted, theory‐informed interventions aiming to de‐implement non‐evidence‐based bronchiolitis management (no use of chest X‐ray, salbutamol, antibiotics, glucocorticoids and adrenaline). Survey questions addressed previously identified factors influencing bronchiolitis management from six Theoretical Domains Framework domains (knowledge; skills; beliefs about consequences; social/professional role and identity; environmental context and resources; social influences). Data analysis was descriptive.ResultsA total of 1958 surveys (baseline = 996; post‐intervention = 962) were completed by clinicians from the emergency department and paediatric inpatient units from 26 hospitals (intervention = 13; control = 13). Targeted bronchiolitis interventions significantly increased knowledge of the Australasian Bronchiolitis Guideline (intervention clinicians = 74%, control = 39%, difference = 34.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.6–43.8%), improved skills in diagnosing (intervention doctors = 89%, control = 76%, difference = 12.6%, 95% CI = 6.2–19%) and managing bronchiolitis (intervention doctors = 87%, control = 76%, difference = 9.9%, 95% CI = 3.7–16.1%), positively influenced both beliefs about consequences regarding salbutamol use (intervention clinicians = 49%, control = 29%, difference = 20.3%, 95% CI = 13.2–27.4%) and nurses questioning non‐evidence‐based bronchiolitis management (chest X‐ray: intervention = 71%, control = 51%, difference = 20.8%, 95% CI = 11.4–30.2%; glucocorticoids: intervention = 64%, control = 40%, difference = 21.9%, 95% CI = 10.4–33.5%) (social/professional role and identity). A 14% improvement in evidence‐based bronchiolitis management favouring intervention hospitals was demonstrated in the cluster randomised controlled trial.ConclusionTargeted interventions positively changed factors influencing bronchiolitis management resulting in improved evidence‐based bronchiolitis care. This study has important implications for improving bronchiolitis management and future development of interventions to de‐implement low‐value care.
Extreme precipitation increases the productivity of a desert ephemeral plant community in Central Asia, but there is no slope position effect
Authors: Zang Yong‐Xin , Ma Jian‐Ying , Zhou Xiao‐Bing , Tao Ye , Yin Ben‐Feng , Zhang Yuan‐Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuestionsAnthropogenic climate change has become a critical environmental problem and is profoundly affecting various ecosystems, especially desert ecosystems. However, very few studies have explored the effects of extreme precipitation on the community structure and ecosystem functions in drylands. Moreover, whether local microtopography will interact with extreme precipitation on plant growth by changing water retention and other processes is still unclear.LocationThe Gurbantunggut Desert in Central Asia.MethodsWe conducted a two‐year field experiment to assess the effect of extreme precipitation (+65% of ambient growing‐season precipitation amounts) on the composition and productivity of a desert ephemeral plant community growing in sand dunes of the Gurbantunggut Desert in Central Asia. We further determined how much slope position modulates this response.ResultsWe found that the cover, density, height, species richness, and biomass of ephemeral plants increased with an increase in precipitation, and the strongest direct effect of biomass was a positive effect on density of ephemeral plants. Additionally, no significant differences in the sensitivity of biomass to the increased precipitation were found between slope positions.ConclusionsThe results indicate that extreme precipitation primarily increased the above‐ground net primary production by increasing the density, rather than the height and species richness, of the ephemeral community; no interactive effects were observed between sand dune slope positions and the sensitivity of biomass to the extreme precipitation treatment.
Pre‐ and post‐fire architectural guilds of subtropical dune thicket species in the southeastern Cape Floristic Region
Authors: Strydom Tiaan , Grobler B. Adriaan , Kraaij Tineke , Cowling Richard M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimSouth Africa's subtropical dune thicket represents an interesting case for investigating plant architecture since, unlike most other dry rain forest formations, dune thicket is subject to regular fire. We asked the following questions: (a) what are the different architectural guilds amongst subtropical dune thicket species in mature, closed canopy stands; (b) what are the architectural guilds of the same species but in the early stages of resprouting post fire; (c) do pre‐fire guilds predict post‐fire guilds; (d) what is the significance of our findings for explaining temporal (post‐fire) and spatial patterns of subtropical dune thicket species?LocationCape St Francis, southeastern Cape Floristic Region, South Africa.MethodsWe used univariate and multivariate methods to identify architectural guilds amongst 11 commonly occurring dune thicket species in closed (light‐limited), long unburnt vegetation and in recently burnt stands where vegetative regrowth (sprouts) is exposed to light.ResultsWe found three distinct architectural guilds in unburnt subtropical dune thicket, namely hedge formers, lateral spreaders and vertical growers. In burnt thicket we also identified three resprouting architectures, namely weak resprouters, moderate resprouters and strong resprouters. There was no strong congruence between the unburnt and resprouting architectures.ConclusionBased on the ecologies of each guild, certain expectations originated from the results of the study. We expect frequently burnt landscapes to be dominated by strongly resprouting hedge formers and lateral spreaders, infrequently burnt landscapes to be dominated by strongly resprouting lateral spreaders, and fire‐free landscapes to be dominated by weakly resprouting vertical growers.
A warning framework for avoiding vessel‐bridge and vessel‐vessel collisions based on generative adversarial and dual‐task networks
Authors: Zhang Bo , Xu Zhaofeng , Zhang Jian , Wu Gang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe vessel‐bridge and vessel‐vessel collisions are likely to occur on the river. For avoiding the two kinds of collisions, a video‐based framework about early warning is proposed in this paper, which mainly contains vessel positioning, vessel trajectory data augmentation, and trajectory anomaly detection and prediction. At first, a real‐time vessel positioning method is proposed based on homography. In this method, the buoys are used as the control points, whose instantaneous world coordinates are obtained based on aerial photography, for solving the homography. Based on the obtained homography, the pixel coordinates of the identified vessel center can be mapped to the corresponding world coordinates, which realizes the vessel positioning. Second, the trajectory generative adversarial networks with multiple critics (TGANs‐MC) is proposed to enrich the historical trajectories, especially the abnormal trajectories. TGANs‐MC contains a generator and multiple critics. The generator is based on a recurrent neural network (RNN) for generating the variable‐length trajectory sequence. The critic uses 1D convolution and 1D adaptive pooling to obtain the trajectory feature. Multiple critics with different structures are used in TGANs‐MC to guide the generator to generate diverse trajectories. Third, a dual‐task network is proposed to find the vessels with abnormal trajectories for warning vessel‐bridge collision and predict the trajectories of vessels for warning vessel‐vessel collision. The dual‐task network adopts the structure of an RNN‐based encoder‐decoder, and it has two branches so that it can jointly perform the dual tasks. The anomaly detection branch uses supervised binary classification and outputs the risk degree. The attention mechanism is adopted in the prediction branch. Finally, a real‐time collision warning system is developed, which is applied on a bridge.
Loss of YggS (COG0325) impacts aspartate metabolism in Salmonella enterica
Authors: Vu Huong N. , Downs Diana M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractYggS is a pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐binding protein of the conserved COG0325 family. Despite a connection with vitamin B6 homeostasis in many species, neither a precise biochemical activity nor the molecular mechanism of how YggS contributes to cellular function has been described. In a transposon mutagenesis screen, we found that insertions in aspC (encoding a PLP‐dependent aspartate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1) in a Salmonella enterica strain lacking yggS caused a synthetic growth defect, which could be rescued by the addition of exogenous aspartate. Characterization of spontaneous suppressors which improved the growth of the yggS aspC double mutant suggested that this synthetic aspartate limitation was dependent on TyrB, a PLP‐dependent aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.57). Genetic and biochemical data were consistent with the hypothesis that TyrB activity was inhibited by accumulated pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate and α‐keto acids caused by a yggS mutation. This study provides data consistent with a working model implicating YggS in modulating concentrations of B6 vitamers via transamination.
In vivo biophysical characterization of very high power, short duration, temperature‐controlled lesions
Authors: Stabile Giuseppe , Schillaci Vincenzo , Strisciuglio Teresa , Arestia Alberto , Agresta Alessia , Shopova Gergana , De Simone Antonio , Solimene Francesco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionA very high‐power short‐duration (vHPSD) strategy of radiofrequency (RF) ablation aims to minimize conductive heating and increase resistive heating. This study aimed to clarify the contribution of contact force (CF) and temperature and their interrelationship in making an adequate lesion with the vHPSD catheter.MethodsWe enrolled 46 consecutive patients undergoing first catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). The vHPSD ablation was performed applying 90 W, for 4 s, with an irrigation of 8 ml/min. During an application, an impedance drop (ID) ≥10 Ω was regarded as an adequate lesion formation.ResultsThe mean procedural time was 95 ± 15 min. First‐pass isolation was reached in 89% of patients and at the end of the procedure all pulmonary veins were isolated. No steam pop nor procedural complication occurred. A total of 3829 qualified RF points were analyzed and the median values of ID, CF and maximum temperature were respectively 10.6 (IQR 8.6–13.1) Ohm, 9 (5.8–13.8) g, 46.8 (44.1–49.8) °C. The mean ID significantly increased in parallel with the increasing CF as well as with the increasing maximum temperature. In the multivariable analysis only the CF and the maximum temperature were independent predictors of ID. From receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, a CF of 8 g and a maximum temperature of 47°C are the optimal cutoff discriminatory value for adequate lesion formation.ConclusionsThe vHPSD ablation is highly effective and safe. The CF and the maximum temperature are independent predictors of adequate lesion formation assessed by means of ID.
Two calcium‐dependent protein kinases enhance maize drought tolerance by activating anion channel ZmSLAC1 in guard cells
Authors: Li Xi‐Dong , Gao Yong‐Qiang , Wu Wei‐Hua , Chen Li‐Mei , Wang Yi 
Published: September 2021

SummaryStomatal closure is an important process to prevent water loss in plants response to drought stress, which is finely modulated by ion channels together with their regulators in guard cells, especially the S‐type anion channel AtSLAC1 in Arabidopsis. However, the functional characterization and regulation analyses of anion channels in gramineous crops, such as in maize guard cells are still limited. In this study, we identified an S‐type anion channel ZmSLAC1 that was preferentially expressed in maize guard cells and involved in stomatal closure under drought stress. We found that two Ca2+‐dependent protein kinases ZmCPK35 and ZmCPK37 were expressed in maize guard cells and localized on the plasma membrane. Lesion of ZmCPK37 resulted in drought‐sensitive phenotypes. Mutation of ZmSLAC1 and ZmCPK37 impaired ABA‐activated S‐type anion currents in maize guard cells, while the S‐type anion currents were increased in the guard cells of ZmCPK35‐ and ZmCPK37‐overexpression lines. Electrophysiological characterization in maize guard cells and Xenopus oocytes indicated that ZmCPK35 and ZmCPK37 could activate ZmSLAC1‐mediated Cl‐ and NO3‐ currents. The maize inbred and hybrid lines overexpressing ZmCPK35 and ZmCPK37 exhibited enhanced tolerance and increased yield under drought conditions. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ZmSLAC1 plays crucial roles in stomatal closure in maize, whose activity is regulated by ZmCPK35 and ZmCPK37. Elevation of ZmCPK35 and ZmCPK37 expression levels is a feasible way to improve maize drought tolerance as well as reduce yield loss under drought stress.
Hsp70, sHsps and ubiquitin proteins modulate HsfA6a‐mediated Hsp101 transcript expression in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Singh Garima , Sarkar Neelam K. , Grover Anil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHsp100 chaperones disaggregate the aggregated proteins and are vital for maintenance of protein homeostasis. The level of Hsp100 synthesised in the cells has a bearing on the survival of plants under heat stress. The Hsp100 transcription machinery is activated within minutes of the onset of heat stress. The heat shock factor HsfA6a plays a major role in the transcriptional regulation of the Hsp101 gene in rice plants. Through yeast‐2‐hybrid library screening, we identified small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), Hsp70 and ubiquitin as HsfA6a interacting proteins (HIPs). The bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed the physical interaction of HsfA6a with Hsp16.9A‐CI and Hsp18.0‐CII in the cytosolic region and with cHsp70‐1 in the nucleus. With the Hsp101 promoter: reporter gene assays, using yeast cells and rice protoplasts, we show that CI‐sHsps and CII‐sHsps are negative regulators and Hsp70 positive regulator of the HsfA6a activity in modulation of Hsp101 transcription. We also noted that the HsfA6a interactors, Hsp70 and CI‐sHsps and CII‐sHsps, physically interact with each other. We noted that HsfA6a binds with the CI‐sHsp and Hsp70 promoters, implying that HsfA6a has a role in transcriptional regulation of its interacting proteins. Furthermore, we noted that the mutation of the ubiquitin/sumoylation acceptor site lysine 10 to alanine (K10A) of HsfA6a enhanced its DNA binding potential on the Hsp101 promoter, implying that these modifiers are possibly involved in modulation of HsfA6a activity. Our work shows that Hsp70, CI‐sHsps and CII‐sHsp, and ubiquitin proteins coordinate with HsfA6a in mediating the Hsp101 transcription process in rice.
Spillover Effects of Minority Representation on Majority Bureaucrats’ Behavioral Change
Authors: Li Danyao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRepresentative bureaucracy scholarship has rarely examined whether passive representation of minorities changes the behavior of majority bureaucrats. To address this omission, this article explicitly tests the relationship between the two, in the context of traffic law enforcement. Using individual‐level data over multiple years in Washington and South Carolina, analyses show that minority representation has spillover effects on decisions made by White officers. They are more likely to treat drivers of color similarly to White drivers, when working on a more racially representative police force. These findings support an underexplored causal mechanism whereby representation improves policy results for historically underprivileged groups, making a theoretical contribution to representative bureaucracy. It also has managerial implications for practitioners who seek to reform future law enforcement for greater racial equity in policing outcomes.
Holding out the promise of Lasswell's dream: Big data analytics in public policy research and teaching
Authors: El‐Taliawi Ola G. , Goyal Nihit , Howlett Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile the emergence of big data raises concerns regarding governance and public policy, it also creates opportunities for diversifying the toolkit for analysis for the policy sciences as a whole, i.e., research concerning policy analysis as well as policy studies. Further, it opens avenues for practice, which together with research requires adaptation in teaching curricula if policy education were to remain relevant. However, it is not clear to what extent this opportunity is being realized in public policy research and teaching. In this study, we examine the prevalence of big data analytics in public policy research and pedagogy using bibliometric analysis and topic modeling for the former, and content analysis of course titles and descriptions for the latter. We find that despite significant scope for application of various big data techniques, the use of these analytic techniques in public policy has been largely limited to select institutions in a few countries. Further, data science has received limited attention in policy pedagogy, once again with significant geographic variation in its prevalence. We conclude that, to stay relevant, the policy sciences need to pay more attention to the integration of big data techniques in policy research, pedagogy, and thereby practice.
Dynamical analysis of an age‐structured SIRE epidemic model with two routes of infection in environment
Authors: Lu Jingjing , Chen Qiaoling , Teng Zhidong , Zheng Tingting 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, an SIRE epidemic model including infection age, relapse age, and effect of protection for susceptible in environmental virus infectious diseases is investigated. We use the function to represent the protection of susceptible so as to reduce the probability that susceptible are exposed to the polluted environment and become infected, and the function represents the protection of susceptible so as to reduce the probability that susceptible are directly contact with infected persons and become infected. We obtain threshold and the basic properties of solutions. Further, we see that when the disease‐free equilibrium exists and is unique and globally asymptotically stable, and when , besides the disease‐free equilibrium, the model has a unique endemic equilibrium that is locally asymptotically stable. Furthermore, we only obtained the system is uniformly persistence without the global asymptotical stability of endemic equilibrium when . The numerical examples show that there exists a stable manifold of endemic equilibrium when .
Care earnings in the United States and 24 European countries: The role of social policy and labour market institutions
Authors: Ferragina Emanuele , Parolin Zachary 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCare occupations are gendered and remain relatively poorly paid, particularly in the United States. Prior research on the ‘care penalty’ primarily points to individual, relational, and market‐valuation factors in explaining the relative earnings of care workers. This study integrates these explanations with a comparative institutional perspective. Using higher‐quality data and methods than previous comparative research in the field—that is, harmonized micro‐data from the Current Population Survey and EU‐SILC from 2005 to 2016, country and year fixed effects models, and a counterfactual analysis—we find that national variance in labour market and welfare state institutions explains most of the difference in the relative earnings of reproductive care workers between the United States and European countries. Higher rates of collective bargaining coverage, stronger employment protection and welfare state spending contribute to higher relative earnings for reproductive care occupations, and lower relative earnings for high‐status nurturant care occupations. Differences in the relative earnings of care workers appear to be mostly a construct of social policy and labour market institutions rather than individual, relational, and market‐valuation factors.
The impact of chronic Epstein–Barr virus infection on the liver graft of pediatric liver transplant recipients: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Shizuku Masato , Kamei Hideya , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Ito Yoshinori , Ogura Yasuhiro , Yoshikawa Junichi , Kurata Nobuhiko , Jobara Kanta , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic high Epstein–Barr virus loads (CHEBV) are commonly observed in pediatric liver transplant patients. However, it is unclear how CHEBV impacts the liver graft. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical and pathological impacts of CHEBV on the liver graft.MethodsFrom 2012 to 2020, we retrospectively investigated 46 pediatric liver transplant patients (under 16 years) who survived ≥6 months. The patients were divided into two groups: CHEBV group (EBV DNA >10 000 IU/ml of whole blood for ≥6 months) and nonchronic high EBV (NCHEBV) group (patients who did not meet CHEBV criteria). Tacrolimus was reduced to <3.0 ng/ml in patients with EBV DNA >5000 IU/ml. Blood biochemistry data and pathological findings, obtained at the time of protocol and episodic biopsies, were compared between the two groups.ResultsOut of 46 patients, 28 CHEBV and 18 NCHEBV patients were enrolled. The blood biochemical examination did not show a significant difference between the two groups. In addition, no significant differences between the two groups were found in the pathological findings, including frequency of late acute rejection and the progression of fibrosis at the time of both protocol and episodic biopsies. Appropriate adjustment of immunosuppression for CHEBV management may have contributed to the prevention of the progression of fibrosis.ConclusionCHEBV had little adverse effect on the liver graft. Graft fibrosis might have been avoided through optimal dose modification of tacrolimus. Further long‐term monitoring is necessary because CHEBV may affect the pediatric liver graft in the long term.