bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the color composition to the color psychology: Soft drink packaging in warm colors, and spirits packaging in dark colors
Authors: He Xiang Feng , Lv Xin Guang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis research analyzed the relevant practices in the color composition of packaging and its color psychology for soft drink and spirits products in the world‐renowned packaging design competitions. The packaging color characteristics of the two types of products were analyzed using a quantitative analysis‐based approach (using HSV color model), supplemented by qualitative analysis. The colors of 534 drink packages were analyzed quantitatively, and the three main components of soft drinks and spirits packaging were evaluated in terms of hue, saturation, and value. The color ranges and characteristics of soft drinks and spirits were summarized and compared. The results showed that the vast majority of both products used multi‐color packaging. Soft drink packaging is mostly colored with high value of red, orange, and yellow hue areas, while spirits packaging mostly uses low‐saturation colors. In addition, the average saturation (42.44%) and average value (78.18%) of the main color of soft drink packaging were higher than the average saturation (25.94%) and average value (57.55%) of spirits. Soft drink products are mostly packaged in white or warm colors to gain consumers' attention, while spirits are packaged in black to highlight the high quality and taste. This study shows that the color composition of soft drink and spirits packaging is clearly different. It also reflects that specific colors have a specific psychological meaning, thus causing people's psychological resonance and recognition, which has positive significance for further research on the influence of color psychology on product packaging.
The relationship between patient's participation in shade selection and their satisfaction with their dental prostheses
Authors: Alzeghaibi Faisal , Jammah Abdulaziz , Alghanim Faisal , Albawardi Khalid , Alkadi Lubna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesMultiple studies have measured the degree of patients' satisfaction with their dental prostheses. Some found that the preliminary cause for dissatisfaction was attributed to the shade used in the fabrication their prostheses. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between patients' participation in the shade selection procedure and their satisfaction with their prostheses.Material and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, an online based questionnaire was distributed. Out of 475 participants, 374 who met inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire consisting of 19 questions and two parts was utilized. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25 with a level of significance (p value) ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe majority of participants were involved in the shade selection procedure (81%) and satisfied with the shade of their dental prostheses (83.7%). Satisfaction rate was higher in patients who participated in shade selection (87.8%). One in every three patients wanted a lighter shade than that they currently have. All results were statistically significant.ConclusionPatients' participation in their prostheses' shade selection increased their satisfaction with them. It is crucial that patients receive professional advice during shade selection for them to make an informed decision regarding the shade of their prostheses.
Design of a wideband Y‐shaped antenna for the application in IoT and 5G communication
Authors: Mukherjee Kaushal , Mukhopadhyay Subhadeep , Roy Sahadev 
Published: October 2021

SummaryA small wideband Y‐shaped antenna is presented in this paper. A monopole of Y‐shaped with two rectangular‐shape frequency shifting strip is used to produce a compact dimension of 10 mm × 12 mm on a 1‐mm‐thick FR4 substrate. The antenna has an impedance bandwidth (measured below −10 dB from 39.57 to 44.63 GHz), a gain more than 4.9 dB, radiation efficiency of 81%, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2, within the bandwidth of interest, making it a viable option for 5G applications. The use of a (01.7850 × 2.6775 × 00.02) mm3 metallic strip located above the feed line is also shown to efficiently increase the antenna bandwidth to values greater than 5 GHz without affecting the other antenna parameters. Additionally, the measured results in comparison with the simulated results reveal negligible changes, confirming that the proposed antenna is also suitable for the applications of 5G with Internet of Things.
Soil resource availability is much more important than soil resource heterogeneity in determining the species diversity and abundance of karst plant communities
Authors: Liu Yuan , Qi Wenchao , He Danni , Xiang Yunrong , Liu Jinchun , Huang Huimin , Chen Miao , Tao Jianping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResource availability and heterogeneity are recognized as two essential environmental aspects to determine species diversity and community abundance. However, how soil resource availability and heterogeneity determine species diversity and community abundance in highly heterogeneous and most fragile karst landscapes is largely unknown. We examined the effects of soil resource availability and heterogeneity on plant community composition and quantified their relative contribution by variation partitioning. Then, a structural equation model (SEM) was used to further disentangle the multiple direct and indirect effects of soil resource availability on plant community composition. Species diversity was significantly influenced by the soil resource availability in shrubland and woodland but not by the heterogeneity in woodland. Abundance was significantly affected by both soil resource availability and heterogeneity, whereas variation partitioning results showed that soil resource availability explained the majority of the variance in abundance, and the contribution of soil resource heterogeneity was marginal. These results indicated that soil resource availability plays a more important role in determining karst plant community composition than soil resource heterogeneity. Our SEMs further found that the multiple direct and indirect processes of soil resource availability in determining karst species diversity and abundance were different in different vegetation types. Soil resource availability and heterogeneity both played a certain role in determining karst plant community composition, while the importance of soil resource availability far exceeded soil resource heterogeneity. We propose that steering community restoration and reconstruction should be highly dependent on soil resource availability, and multiple direct and indirect pathways of soil resource availability for structuring karst plant communities need to be taken into account.
Phylogenetic relatedness, functional traits, and spatial scale determine herbivore co‐occurrence in a subtropical forest
Authors: Wang Ming‐Qiang , Yan Chuan , Luo Arong , Li Yi , Chesters Douglas , Qiao Hui‐Jie , Chen Jing‐Ting , Zhou Qing‐Song , Ma Keping , Bruelheide Helge , Schuldt Andreas , Zhang Zhibin , Zhu Chao‐Dong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe mechanisms driving species co‐occurrence are varied and include biotic interactions, abiotic factors, and scale‐dependent processes. Based on a comprehensive dataset of lepidopteran herbivores recorded from a large‐scale forest biodiversity experiment, we tested the contribution to herbivore species co‐occurrence of herbivore phylogenetic relatedness, plant diversity and functional traits, and spatial scale. We found that Lepidoptera co‐occurrence was negatively associated with their phylogenetic relatedness, tree diversity, and defensive traits, but positively associated with nutritional functional traits. Furthermore, species co‐occurrence was higher at larger spatial scales (tree species or plot) than at smaller scale (individual trees). Our results provide evidence supporting both environmental filtering and competition exclusion hypotheses, and highlight the significance of functionality in shaping species coexistence of herbivores in plant‐arthropod systems.
Natal experience and pre‐breeding environmental conditions affect lay date plasticity in Savannah Sparrows
Authors: Burant Joseph B. , Heisey Eric W. , Wheelwright Nathaniel T. , Newman Amy E. M. , Whelan Shannon , Mennill Daniel J. , Doucet Stéphanie M. , Mitchell Greg W. , Woodworth Bradley K. , Norris D. Ryan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity allows organisms to adjust the timing of life‐history events in response to environmental and demographic conditions. Shifts by individuals in the timing of breeding with respect to variation in age and temperature are well documented in nature, and these changes are known to scale to affect population dynamics. However, relatively little is known about how organisms alter phenology in response to other demographic and environmental factors. We investigated how pre‐breeding temperature, breeding population density, age, and rainfall in the first month of life influenced the timing and plasticity of lay date in a population of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) monitored over 33 yr (1987–2019). Females that experienced warmer pre‐breeding temperatures tended to lay eggs earlier, as did older females, but breeding population density had no effect on lay date. Natal precipitation interacted with age to influence lay date plasticity, with females that experienced high precipitation levels as nestlings advancing lay dates more strongly over the course of their lives. We also found evidence for varied pace of life; females that experienced high natal precipitation had shorter lifespans and reduced fecundity, but more nesting attempts over their lifetimes. Rainfall during the nestling period increased through time, while population density and fecundity declined, suggesting that increased precipitation on the breeding grounds may be detrimental to breeding females and ultimately the viability of the population as a whole. Our results suggest that females adjust their laying date in response to pre‐breeding temperature, and as they age, while presenting new evidence that environmental conditions during the natal period can affect phenological plasticity and generate downstream, population‐level effects.
History of extracardiac/cardiac events in cardiac amyloidosis: prevalence and time from initial onset to diagnosis
Authors: Kharoubi Mounira , Bézard Mélanie , Galat Arnault , Le Bras Fabien , Poullot Elsa , Molinier‐Frenkel Valérie , Fanen Pascale , Funalot Benoit , Moktefi Anissa , Lefaucheur Jean‐Pascal , Abulizi Mukedaisi , Deux Jean‐François , Lemonnier François , Guendouz Soulef , Chalard Coraline , Zaroui Amira , Audard Vincent , Bequignon Emilie , Bodez Diane , Itti Emmanuel , Hittinger Luc , Audureau Etienne , Teiger Emmanuel , Oghina Silvia , Damy Thibaud 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsCardiac amyloidosis (CA) has a poor prognosis which is aggravated by diagnostic delay. Amyloidosis extracardiac and cardiac events (AECE and ACE) may help improve CA diagnosis and typing. The aim of this study was to compare AECE and ACE between different CA types and assess their relationship with survival.Methods and resultsThis retrospective cohort study conducted in France from June 2008 to May 2019, at the Henry Mondor Hospital. This cohort included 983 patients with CA. Mean age at inclusion was 73.1 ± 11.4 years, 726 (75.1%) were male and the mean body mass index was 24.5 ± 4.1 kg/m2. Among them, 321 had immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis, 434 had wild‐type transthyretin (ATTRwt), and 212 had hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv). The first AECE and/or ACE occurred at a mean age of 63 ± 11 years for AL and ATTRv, and 70 ± 12 years for ATTRwt (P < 0.01). The median (Q1–Q3) delay between declaration of the first events and diagnosis varied from 11.1 (5.9; 34.8) months for AL to 92.2 (39.0; 174.7) months for ATTRwt (P < 0.01). The nature of the onset of AECE or ACE varied based on amyloidosis type, heart failure symptoms for AL (26%) and integumentary symptoms for ATTRv with cardiologic or mixed phenotype (39%) and ATTRwt (42%). In AL and ATTRwt, a short delay between the onset of the first AECE or ACE and diagnosis was associated with reduced survival rate (log‐rank test P‐value <0.01).ConclusionsThis study highlights the impact of amyloidosis type and evolution on diagnostic delay and on prognosis. Physicians must be aware and vigilant in front of extracardiac and cardiac events to considerably improve early diagnosis of amyloidosis.
Impact of cibenzoline treatment on left ventricular remodelling and prognosis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hamada Mareomi , Shigematsu Yuji , Ikeda Shuntaro , Ohshima Kiyotaka , Ogimoto Akiyoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to elucidate the long‐term effect of cibenzoline therapy on cardiovascular complications and prognosis in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).Methods and resultsEighty‐eight patients with HOCM were treated with cibenzoline (Group A), and 41 patients did not receive cibenzoline (Group B). The changes in left ventricular (LV) remodelling, incidences of cardiovascular complications and deaths, were examined. The mean follow‐up period was 15.8 ± 5.6 years in Group A and 17.8 ± 7.2 years in Group B. In Group A, the LV pressure gradient (LVPG) decreased immediately after treatment, and the reduction was maintained throughout the study. In Group B, the LVPG decreased gradually according to the deterioration of LV function. LV reverse remodelling was confirmed in Group A, and LV remodelling advanced in Group B. In Group A, the incidence of each cardiovascular complication was <10%. Only one patient experienced LV heart failure (LVHF). LVHF incidence and atrial fibrillation were higher in Group B than those in Group A (P < 0.0001). The incidence of death was 20.5% in Group A and 90.2% in Group B (P < 0.0001). The most frequent cause of death was sudden cardiac death (SCD) (38.9%) in Group A and LVHF (67.6%) in Group B. The incidence of SCD showed no significant difference between the two groups. The cumulative cardiac survival rate was higher in Group A than that in Group B (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsCibenzoline treatment significantly reduced all cardiovascular complications and death due to LVHF and may be a promising treatment in patients with HOCM.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Low Viscosity 2‐Ethylhexyl Alkyl Ethers Made from Palm‐Based Esters as Potential Biolubricant
Authors: Tang Sook Wah , Chan Chung‐Hung , Mohd Noor Khairin , Lim Wen Huei , Hoong Seng Soi , Tuan Ismail Tuan Noor Maznee , Yeong Shoot Kian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA series of 2‐ethylhexyl alkyl ethers (EHAE) are synthesized from palm‐based esters via a one‐step reaction under mild reaction conditions for potential usage as biolubricant. In this work, 2‐ethylhexyl esters with varying fatty acid chain lengths are reacted with 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS), catalyzed by indium bromide (InBr3) at 40 °C to afford EHAE with lauryl, palmityl, stearyl, and oleyl alkyl chain with 55–68% isolated yield. These compounds are characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and NMR spectroscopic methods and are evaluated for their viscosity, thermal, cold‐flow, oxidative, and anti‐wear properties. The synthesized EHAEs demonstrate low viscosity (1.65–2.55 cSt at 100 °C) with excellent viscosity indices (130–182). These EHAEs show comparable wear scar diameter (0.6–1.0 mm) in comparison with commercial mineral oil base stock (group I SN150) in the four‐ball wear test. Thermal‐oxidative investigation of the EHAE reveals that the thermal degradation temperatures are in the range of 200–250 °C and oxidation onset temperatures are between 165 and 184 °C. Among the EHAEs, 2‐ethylhexyl lauryl ether with the shortest alkyl chain has the lowest pour point of −27 °C. The physicochemical properties of synthesized EHAEs indicate that they are potential as biolubricant base stocks.Practical Applications: The EHAEs produced from this work exhibit promising physicochemical and lubricity properties, which offer great potential to be used as lubricant base stock especially for internal engine oil application.
Microwave‐Assisted 1,3‐Dioxa‐[3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Substituted Allylic Carbamates: Application to the Synthesis of Novel 1,3‐Oxazine‐2,4‐dione Derivatives
Authors: Bou Zeid Samar , Eid Samar , Najjar Fadia , Macé Aurélie , Rivilla Ivan , Cossío Fernando P. , Dorcet Vincent , Roisnel Thierry , Carreaux François 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a first instance, the effect of the microwave irradiation on the 1,3‐Dioxa‐[3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of aryl allylic carbamates was investigated. Under these new conditions, the reaction acceleration was clearly highlighted compared to conventional heating conditions. Depending on the electronic nature of substituents on the aromatic group, this type of rearrangement can be faster with similar or improved yields. Due to this experimental improvement, the diversity of aryl allylic carbamates able to undergo this rearrangement in a reasonable reaction time (30 min.) and with acceptable to high yields was greatly extended. Finally, an original synthetic way involving this microwave‐assisted process to access new six‐membered heterocyclic structures such as (E)‐5‐arylidene‐1,3‐oxazinane‐2,4‐diones was developed from Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) adducts showing the interest of this molecular rearrangement approach. DFT and Fragment Distortion studies showed in general polar transition structures and connected high deformation and interaction energies with lower activation barriers.
The EI‐MS Fragmentation Mechanisms of the Bacterial Diterpenes Polytrichastrene A and Wanju‐2,5‐diene
Authors: Hou Anwei , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe fragmentation mechanisms leading to the formation of several pronounced fragment ions formed during EI mass spectrometry of the diterpene hydrocarbons polytrichastrene A and wanju‐2,5‐diene were investigated by isotopic labelling experiments. All twenty singly 13C‐labelled isotopomers of these diterpenes were enzymatically synthesised from the twenty isotopomers of (13C)geranylgeranyl diphosphate using the polytrichastrene synthase from Chryseobacterium polytrichastri. Their mass spectrometric investigation allowed for conclusions on the fragmentation mechanisms leading to the observed fragment ions.
Treatment strategies for a rapidly evolving landscape in chronic lymphocytic leukemia management
Authors: Eyre Toby A. , Hori Satoshi , Munir Talha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the advent of targeted therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), treatment choice has expanded and patients are living longer. Careful consideration is needed regarding treatment duration and sequence, how best to meet patients' needs, balancing toxicities while improving long‐term survival and maximizing depth of response. This review addresses these considerations and discusses current targeted treatment dilemmas. Targeted therapies have dramatically transformed the CLL treatment landscape. Two treatment paradigms have emerged using B‐cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors (BCL2i) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK): (i) fixed duration and (ii) continuous treatment. The BCL2i venetoclax can attain deep remissions with a fixed‐duration approach, resulting in high rates of undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) in treatment‐naïve and relapsed/refractory (R/R) patients with CLL. BTKis such as ibrutinib and acalabrutinib achieve high objective response rates and long‐term disease control, although they rarely attain complete response or uMRD status as monotherapy. Numerous studies are evaluating the clinical utility of BTKi and BCL2i as combination therapies, where deep remissions have been found to occur. MRD status may also be a useful marker for deciding when to stop continuous therapy, and randomized trials on MRD‐guided treatment strategies are currently ongoing. The current treatment choice between continuous or fixed‐duration therapy should be based on comorbidities, risks, preferences, and treatment goals, whilst areas of emerging clinical interest include the potential utility of BTKi‐BCL2i combination therapies, as well as an MRD‐guided treatment strategies in the future.
Solving a class of local and nonlocal elliptic boundary value problems arising in heat transfer
Authors: Singh Harendra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with a class of Bratu's type, Troesch's, and nonlocal elliptic boundary value problems arising in the heat transfer process. Due to the strong nonlinearity and presence of parameter , it is very difficult to solve these problems analytically as well as numerically. By using the Jacobi spectral collocation method, these problems are solved fruitfully. We have shown the numerical as well as theoretical convergence of the suggested scheme. Numerical results are presented through figures and tables, demonstrating the accuracy of the scheme. Results are compared with some known methods to highlight its neglectable error.
Runoff mitigation via micro-dams and conservation tillage—Numerical modeling of runoff and erosion from maize field trials
Authors: Sittig Stephan , Sur Robin , Baets Dirk 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Runoff and erosion are the most important transport pathways of water, sediment, and associated pesticides from sloped agricultural fields. This results in the loss of fertile topsoil material, nutrients, irrigation water, and plant protection products (PPP) into adjacent surface water bodies. In the European and US risk assessment for the registration of PPP, runoff and erosion are numerically calculated with the simulation Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) using the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) runoff curve number (CN) concept for the water movement and the MUSS equation to quantify the sediment transfer. This work presents an evaluation of maize field trials conducted in three seasons that considered micro-dams (i.e., small earthen dams between the rows; also known as “furrow diking,” “furrow damming,” etc.) and/or conservation tillage (via subsoiling) as mitigation measures to investigate the effects on the reduction in runoff and erosion. Measured quantitative reductions and event-wise calculated CN are presented. Furthermore, the trials were simulated using the PRZM over the complete vegetation period and runoff CN as well as parameter values of the MUSS erosion equation (a relative adaptation of the C-factor) were inversely estimated. Compared with the control plots (i.e., conventional tillage), micro-dams or conservation tillage reduced runoff by 24%–71% or 69%–89%, and erosion by 54%–81% or 91%–98%. Based on these data, a robust case can be made to lower CN or parameters in the MUSS equation for surface water exposure scenarios to consider the effects on predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) and estimated environmental concentrations (EECs). Mean resulting CN reductions by micro-dams or conservation tillage were ascertained to be 6% (±2.5%) or 12% (±3.0%), the C-factor was reduced by a factor of 0.1 (±0.15) or 0.48 (±0.19). Example calculations show reductions in the ranges of 11%–100% for PECs and 30%–98% for EECs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1348–1363. © 2021 Bayer AG Crop Science. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
KEY POINTS
The application of micro-dams and conservation tillage can be adequately considered in risk assessment in the US and Europe. Calculating predicted environmental concentrations in the European (FOCUS) framework requires careful reassessment to adequately consider scenario specifics. Field trials can be simulated over complete seasons with the model PRZM with the aim to reproduce the total runoff water and soil erosion. The relative reduction of the parameter C of the MUSS erosion equation by micro-dams and conservation tillage can be inferred from field trials over complete seasons.