bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suchtspezifische Schulungsbedarfe von Jobcenterfachkräften in der Beratung und Vermittlung von Menschen mit einer Suchterkrankung
Authors: Kuhn Ulrike , Herrlein Jannah 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Der suchtspezifische Qualifikationsstand von Jobcenterfachkräften hat einen Einfluss auf die berufliche Integration von Arbeitslosengeld II-Beziehenden mit Suchtproblemen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der suchtspezifische Weiterbildungsbedarf von Jobcenterfachkräften in 4 Grundsicherungsstellen in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) ermittelt, um auf der Grundlage dieser Bedarfsanalyse ein passgenaues Weiterbildungskonzept zum Thema Sucht für Beschäftigte in den Jobcentern zu entwickeln.
Methode Um die Weiterbildungsbedarfe sowie geeignete Rahmenbedingungen zu identifizieren, wurde eine standardisierte Onlinebefragung in 4 Jobcentern in Nordrhein-Westfalen (im Rechtskreis des Sozialgesetzbuchs II (SGB II)) durchgeführt. Diese orientierte sich inhaltlich an der bundesweiten Erhebung zu den Rahmenbedingungen für suchtkranke Leistungsbeziehende und enthielt neben Items zu Schulungs- und Beratungsbedarfen auch Fragen zu bisher besuchten suchtspezifischen Weiterbildungen sowie geeigneten Rahmenbedingungen für eine bedarfsorientierte Umsetzung einer Schulung zum Thema Sucht.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen an der Befragung 511 Jobcenterfachkräfte teil. Es konnte eine Netto-Rücklaufquote von 64,1% erzielt werden. 76% der Befragten geben einen suchtbezogenen Schulungsbedarf an, wobei insgesamt 29,4% der Stichprobe hierzu bereits geschult worden sind. Die größten Bedarfe werden bereichsübergreifend im Erkennen von Suchtproblemen (55,1%) und im Ansprechen auf Suchtverdacht (52,1%) gesehen. Je nach Fachkräftegruppe zeigen sich unterschiedliche Schwerpunktsetzungen in den Bedarfen: Integrationsfachkräfte geben neben den genannten Aspekten einen hohen Bedarf in der Bedeutung der Sucht für die Arbeitsfähigkeit (54,3%) und im Überblick über suchtspezifische Behandlungsangebote (51,4%) an, Leistungssachbearbeiterinnen und -bearbeiter in Deeskalationsstrategien (49,8%). Eine Präsenzschulung wird von 85,8% gegenüber Online- oder Blended-Learning-Angeboten bevorzugt. Diese soll eher von einer externen Bildungsleitung (90,1%) als von internen Mitarbeitenden (9,9%) durchgeführt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Der Bedarf an suchtspezifischen Schulungen ist trotz verschiedener Bemühungen und Initiativen der letzten Jahre weiterhin hoch. Die wichtigsten Schulungsbedarfe beziehen sich eher auf konkrete Integrationsangebote und praktische Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten der Betroffenen als auf Informationen zu Sucht oder Methoden und Vorgehensweisen im Beratungsprozess. Auch Leistungssachbearbeiterinnen und -bearbeiter sollten in Schulungen einbezogen werden. In diesem Bereich sind jedoch stärker Beratungsstrategien relevant.
Failure in Cervical Spinal Fusion and Current Management Modalities
Authors: Verla Terence , Xu David S. , Davis Matthew J. , Reece Edward M. , Kelly Michelle , Nunez Mervin , Winocour Sebastian J. , Ropper Alexander E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFailed fusion in the cervical spine is a multifactorial problem stemming from a combination of patient and surgical factors. Patient-related risk factors such as steroid use, poor bone quality, and smoking can be optimized preoperatively. Age, prior radiation, prior surgery, and underlying genetics are nonmodifiable patient-centered risk factors. Surgical risks for failed fusion include the number of segments fused, anterior versus posterior approach for fusion, the type of bone graft, and the instrumentation utilized. Many symptomatic cases of failed fusion (pseudarthrosis) result in pain, neurological deficits, or loosened hardware necessitating a revision surgery consisting of extending the prior construct and utilizing additional allografts or autografts to augment the fusion. Given the relatively mobile nature of the cervical spine, pseudoarthrosis (either known or anticipated) must be recognized by the spine surgeon, and steps should be considered to optimize the likelihood of future fusion. This consists of both performing a rigid fixation and using appropriate bone graft to enhance the environment for arthrodesis. Vascularized bone grafts are a useful tool to augment fusion and provide added structural stability in cases at high risk of pseudoarthrosis.
Community-Onset Venous Thromboembolism in Children: Pediatric Emergency Medicine Perspectives
Authors: Betensky Marisol , White Melissa , Lawson Simone L. , Goldenberg Neil A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition increasingly encountered by emergency medicine physicians. Unfortunately, despite increased incidence, the diagnosis of pediatric VTE relies on a high index of suspicion from clinicians. Delays in diagnosis and initiation of treatment can lead to poor outcomes in children, including an increased risk of mortality from pulmonary embolism, increased risk of VTE recurrence, and the development of the post-thrombotic syndrome. The majority of pediatric VTE events are associated with the presence of at least one underlying prothrombotic risk. Timely recognition of these risk factors in the emergency department (ED) setting is paramount for a prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation. Compared with children with hospital-acquired VTE, children presenting to the ED with new onset VTE tend to be older (>11 years of age), have a lower incidence of co-morbidities, and present more frequently with a deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity. Currently, there are no validated pediatric-specific VTE clinical pretest probability tools that reliably assist with the accurate and timely diagnosis of pediatric VTE. Compression ultrasound with Doppler is the most common imaging modality used for VTE diagnosis, and low molecular weight heparins are the most common anticoagulants initiated in children presenting with VTE in the ED. Special consideration should be given to patients who present to the ED already on anticoagulation therapy who may require acute management for clinically-significant bleeding or change in antithrombotic therapy approach for progression/recurrence of VTE.
Failure in Lumbar Spinal Fusion and Current Management Modalities
Authors: Cruz Alex , Ropper Alexander E. , Xu David S. , Bohl Michael , Reece Edward M. , Winocour Sebastian J. , Buchanan Edward , Kaung Geoffrey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLumbar spinal fusion is a commonly performed procedure to stabilize the spine, and the frequency with which this operation is performed is increasing. Multiple factors are involved in achieving successful arthrodesis. Systemic factors include patient medical comorbidities—such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis—and smoking status. Surgical site factors include choice of bone graft material, number of fusion levels, location of fusion bed, adequate preparation of fusion site, and biomechanical properties of the fusion construct. Rates of successful fusion can vary from 65 to 100%, depending on the aforementioned factors. Diagnosis of pseudoarthrosis is confirmed by imaging studies, often a combination of static and dynamic radiographs and computed tomography. Once pseudoarthrosis is identified, patient factors should be optimized whenever possible and a surgical plan implemented to provide the best chance of successful revision arthrodesis with the least amount of surgical risk.
Sepsis and Mortality Prediction in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Analysis of HeRO and nSOFA
Authors: Zeigler Angela C. , Ainsworth John E. , Fairchild Karen D. , Wynn James L. , Sullivan Brynne A. 
Published: May 2021

Objective Scores to predict sepsis or define sepsis severity could improve care for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. The heart rate characteristics (HRC) index (HeRO score) was developed as an early warning system for late-onset sepsis (LOS), and also rises before necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The neonatal sequential organ failure assessment (nSOFA) was developed to predict sepsis-associated mortality using respiratory, hemodynamic, and hematologic data. The aim of this study was to analyze the HRC index and nSOFA near blood cultures in VLBW infants relative to diagnosis and sepsis-associated mortality.
Study Design Retrospective, single-center study of VLBW infants from 2011 to 2019. We analyzed HRC index and nSOFA around blood cultures diagnosed as LOS/NEC. In a subgroup of the cohort, we analyzed HRC and nSOFA near the first sepsis-like illness (SLI) or sepsis ruled-out (SRO) compared with LOS/NEC. We compared scores by diagnosis and mortality during treatment.
Results We analyzed 179 LOS/NEC, 93 SLI, and 96 SRO blood culture events. In LOS/NEC, the HRC index increased before the blood culture, while nSOFA increased at the time of culture. Both scores were higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors and in LOS/NEC compared with SRO. The nSOFA 12 hours after the time of blood culture predicted mortality during treatment better than any other time point analyzed (area under the curve 0.91).
Conclusion The HRC index provides earlier warning of imminent sepsis, whereas nSOFA after blood culture provides better prediction of mortality.
Key Points
Profile of Patients with Isolated Distal Deep Vein Thrombosis versus Proximal Deep Vein Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism: RE-COVERY DVT/PE Study
Authors: Schellong Sebastian , Ageno Walter , Casella Ivan B. , Chee Kok Han , Schulman Sam , Singer Daniel E. , Desch Marc , Tang Wenbo , Voccia Isabelle , Zint Kristina , Goldhaber Samuel Z. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIsolated distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT) is presumed to be more benign than proximal DVT (PDVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), suggesting a need for different management approaches. This subgroup analysis of the RE-COVERY DVT/PE global, observational study investigated patient characteristics, hospitalization details, and anticoagulant therapy in patients with IDDVT in real-world settings in 34 countries enrolled from January 2016 to May 2017. Data were analyzed descriptively according to the type and location of the index venous thromboembolism (VTE): IDDVT, PDVT ± distal DVT (DDVT), and PE ± DVT. Of the 6,095 eligible patients, 323 with DVT located outside the lower limb and no PE were excluded. Of the remaining 5,772 patients, 17.6% had IDDVT, 39.9% had PDVT ± DDVT, and 42.5% had PE ± DVT. IDDVT patients were younger and had fewer risk factors for VTE than the other groups. Other comorbidities were less frequent in the IDDVT group, except for varicose veins, superficial thrombophlebitis, and venous insufficiency. IDDVT patients were less likely to be diagnosed in an emergency department (22.3 vs. 29.7% for PDVT ± DDVT and 45.4% for PE ± DVT) or hospitalized for VTE (29.2 vs. 48.5% for PDVT ± DDVT and 75.0% for PE ± DVT). At hospital discharge or 14 days after diagnosis (whichever was later), non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants were the most commonly used anticoagulants (55.6% for IDDVT, 54.7% for PDVT ± DDVT, and 52.8% for PE ± DVT). Although differences in patient characteristics, risk factors, and clinical management were identified, anticoagulant treatment of IDDVT was almost equal to that of PDVT or PE. Prospective studies should investigate whether, in a global perspective, this is an appropriate use of anticoagulants.
Housing coalition dynamics: a comparative perspective
Authors: Lima Valesca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial movement coalitions are a vital component within the dynamics of political mobilization. While previous research has established why and how coalitions emerge and dissolve, how they are maintained and the outcomes they generate have been less explored, especially in housing studies. This research contributes to the study of movement coalitions through an empirical examination of the dynamics of how coalitions interact, cooperate, and sustain alliances, in addition to exploring the outcomes that are produced as a result of these coalitions. It draws upon a comparative approach of housing coalitions in Dublin and Lisbon, where local housing groups have played a critical role in protesting against housing injustices and in articulating alternative policy solutions to the housing crisis. In mapping the diversity of coalition members, this research finds that tolerance for difference and negotiation capacity impacts how long coalitions last as well as the outcomes that they lead to. This study contributes to the study of coalitions by analyzing the relationship between outcomes and the mechanisms which sustain coalitions using a comparative framework.
The multi-optics high-resolution absorption x-ray spectrometer (HiRAXS) for studies of materials under extreme conditions
Authors: Stoupin S. , Thorn D. B. , Ose N. , Gao L. , Hill K. W. , Ping Y. , Coppari F. , Kozioziemski B. , Krygier A. , Sio H. , Ayers J. , Bitter M. , Kraus B. , Efthimion P. C. , Schneider M. B. 
Published: May 2021

We report the development of a high-resolution spectrometer for extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies of materials under extreme conditions. A curved crystal and detector in the spectrometer are replaceable such that a single body is employed to perform EXAFS measurements at different x-ray energy intervals of interest. Two configurations have been implemented using toroidal crystals with Ge 311 reflection set to provide EXAFS at the Cu K-edge (energy range 8.9–9.8 keV) and Ge 400 reflection set to provide EXAFS at the Ta L3-edge (9.8–10.7 keV). Key performance characteristics of the spectrometer were found to be consistent with design parameters. The data generated at the National Ignition Facility have shown an ≃3 eV spectral resolution for the Cu K-edge configuration and ≃6 eV for the Ta L3-edge configuration.
CYK-1/Formin activation in cortical RhoA signaling centers promotes organismal left–right symmetry breaking
Authors: Middelkoop Teije C. , Garcia-Baucells Júlia , Quintero-Cadena Porfirio , Pimpale Lokesh G. , Yazdi Shahrzad , Sternberg Paul W. , Gross Peter , Grill Stephan W. 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceActive torque generation in the actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in driving left–right symmetry breaking of developing embryos, but which molecules generate the active torque and how active torque generation is organized subcellularly remain unclear. This study shows that cortical Formin, recruited to cortical regions where RhoA signaling is active, promotes active torque generation in the actomyosin layer. We find that active torque tends to locally rotate the cortex in a clockwise fashion, which drives the emergence of chiral counterrotating flows with consistent handedness and facilitates left–right symmetry breaking ofC. elegansembryos.
Human-relevant near-organ neuromodulation of the immune system via the splenic nerve
Authors: Donegà Matteo , Fjordbakk Cathrine T. , Kirk Joseph , Sokal David M. , Gupta Isha , Hunsberger Gerald E. , Crawford Abbe , Cook Simon , Viscasillas Jaime , Stathopoulou Thaleia-Rengina , Miranda Jason A. , Dopson Wesley J. , Goodwin David , Rowles Alison , McGill Paul , McSloy Alex , Werling Dirk , Witherington Jason , Chew Daniel J. , Perkins Justin D. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Bioelectronic modulation of the autonomic nervous system innervating the spleen represents a new therapeutic avenue. Studies in rodents suffer from the limitation that stimulation parameters and anatomy are not directly applicable to humans. This work demonstrates the translation of biological mechanisms in a large animal model with similar anatomical, histological, and functional characteristics for derivation of human-relevant parameters. Here, we show the scientific process for translating a bioelectronic medicine to clinical readiness. The results presented can be used in three ways: 1) as a system to demonstrate the species translation of neuroimmune modulation, 2) as an exemplar of how translational models can reveal additional potential mechanisms, and 3) as a general methodology to determine human-relevant stimulation parameters.
Stabilized detonation for hypersonic propulsion
Authors: Rosato Daniel A. , Thornton Mason , Sosa Jonathan , Bachman Christian , Goodwin Gabriel B. , Ahmed Kareem A. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
There is now an intensifying international effort to develop robust propulsion systems for hypersonic and supersonic flight. Such a system would allow flight through our atmosphere at very high speeds and allow efficient entry and exit from planetary atmospheres. The possibility of basing such a system on detonations, the most powerful form of combustion, has the potential to provide higher thermodynamic efficiency, enhanced reliability, and reduced emissions. This work reports a significant step in attaining this goal: the discovery of an experimental configuration and flow conditions that generate a stabilized oblique detonation, a phenomenon that has the potential to revolutionize high-speed propulsion of the future.
Optical volumetric brain imaging: speed, depth, and resolution enhancement
Authors: Huang Shih-Huan , Irawati Ninik , Chien Yu-Feng , Lin Jyun-Yi , Tsai Yu-Hsuan , Wang Po-Yuan , Chu Li-An , Li Meng-Lin , Chiang Ann-Shyn , Tsia Kevin K , Chu Shi-Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Understanding how the brain functions is one of the grand challenges in modern scientific research. Similar to a computer, a functional brain is composed of hardware and software. The major bottleneck lies in the difficulty to directly observe the brain ‘software’, i.e. the rule and operating information used by the brain that might emerge from pan-neuron/synapse connectome. A recognized strategy for probing the functional connectome is to perform volumetric imaging in brains with high spatiotemporal resolution and deep brain penetration. Among various imaging technologies, optical imaging offers appealing combinations including spatial resolution of sub-micrometer to nanometer, temporal resolution of second to millisecond, penetration depth of millimeter or deeper, and molecular contrast based on the abundant choices of fluorescent indicators. Thus, it is ideal for enabling three-dimensional functional brain mapping of small animal models. In this review, we focus on recent technological advances in optical volumetric imaging, with an emphasis on the tools and methods for enhancing imaging speed, depth, and resolution. The review could serve as a quantitative reference for physicists and biologists to choose the techniques better suited for specific applications, as well as to stimulate novel technical developments to advance brain research.
Variational hysteresis and photoresponse behavior of MAPbX
3 (X = I, Br, Cl) perovskite single crystals
Authors: Lin Ping , Meng Qingyu , Chen Hang , Hu Haihua , Fang Desheng , Xu Lingbo , Wang Peng , Cui Can 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High-quality MAPbX
3 (X = I, Br, Cl) single crystals with a desirable size were grown through an inverse temperature crystallization method. Systematically measurements of current–voltage (I–V) hysteresis show that the hysteresis is strongly dependent on the measuring protocol, including scan rate and light illumination condition, which reveals the competition of three main factors that influence the charge dynamics in different regimes, defect trap, MA+ dipoles rotation, and ion migration. In the dark, defect trapping is the dominant charge transport dynamics at low bias in the MAPbI3, while the MA+ dipole rotation is significant in MAPbBr3, and ion migration occurs in MAPbCl3. However, as bias increases, MA+ dipole rotation plays a crucial role in the conductivity either in the dark or under light illumination. The time-dependent photoresponse exhibits different tendencies under various biases. The slow rising dynamics of photoresponse in MAPbX
3 is attributed to the slow rotation of MA+ dipoles, while an immediate overshoot followed by a decay suggests significant ion migration contribution at high external bias. The results serve as comprehensive experimental support to understand the hysteresis behaviors and slow photoresponse in MAPbX
3, particularly in MAPbCl3, and provide a guide for future work in MAPbX
3 based optoelectronic devices.
Atmospheric-pressure CVD growth of two-dimensional 2H- and 1 T′-MoTe2 films with high-performance SERS activity
Authors: Adhikari Bikram , Limbu Tej B , Vinodgopal Kizhanipuram , Yan Fei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) is a member of the transition-metal dichalcogenides family, which is an especially promising platform for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications, due to its excellent electronic properties. However, the synthesis of large-area highly crystalline 2D MoTe2 with controllable polymorphism is a huge challenge due to the small free energy difference (∼40 meV per unit cell) between semiconducting 2H-MoTe2 and semi-metallic 1 T′-MoTe2. Herein, we report an optimized route for the synthesis of 2H- and 1 T′-MoTe2 films by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition. The SERS study of the as-grown MoTe2 films was carried out using methylene blue (MB) as a probe molecule. The Raman enhancement factor on 1 T′-MoTe2 was found to be three times higher than that on 2H-MoTe2 and the 1 T′-MoTe2 film is an efficient Raman-enhancing substrate that can be used to detect MB at nanomolar concentrations. Our study also imparts knowledge on the significance of a suitable combination of laser excitation wavelength and molecule-material platform for achieving ultrasensitive SERS-based chemical detection.
Hierarchically porous piezoresistive sensor for application to the cambered palm of climbing robot with a high payload capacity
Authors: Wang Ziya , Zhu Zhihao , Huang Huayi , Zhao Wenyu , Xu Yingtian , Zheng Zhenliang , Ding Ning 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Effective sensitivity within a large responding range is a crucial parameter of flexible tactile sensors for a robot, especially for engineering climbing robots under high shear force conditions. While introducing microstructures can improve the sensitivity, in turn, it leads to a limited pressure-response range due to the poor structural compressibility. To achieve effective sensing under large loading forces, the flexible sensor needs to have a hierarchical sensing system and an optimal mechanic design. Herein, we report a strategy of embedded hierarchically porous piezoresistive foam that can significantly boost the sensitivity (S
min > 0.084 kPa−1 at 20 Pa–500 kPa) while simultaneously broadening the pressure responding range, together with remarkable mechanical stability and robustness. Depending on the pressure distribution of the appreciable palm, the climbing robot with a high payload (40 kg) was demonstrated a series of recognitions of obstacles and feedback controls at slipping state. The soft piezoresistive material with the assembly architecture would be a general design expected to be applied to other types of robots to achieve a broader pressure-response range and a higher sensitivity.
Broadband control on scattering events with interferometric coherent waves
Authors: Lee Jeng Yi , Huang Lujun , Xu Lei , Miroshnichenko Andrey E , Lee Ray-Kuang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We propose a universal strategy to realize a broadband control on arbitrary scatterers, through multiple coherent beams. By engineering the phases and amplitudes of incident beams, one can suppress the dominant scattering partial waves, making the obstacle lose its intrinsic responses in a broadband spectrum. The associated coherent beams generate a finite and static region, inside which the corresponding electric field intensity and Poynting vector vanish. As a solution to go beyond the sum-rule limit, our methodology is also irrespective of inherent system properties, as well as extrinsic operating wavelength, providing a non-invasive control on the wave-obstacles interaction for any kinds of shape.