bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and CFD Simulation of Knockout Drum
Authors: Ali Yazen Munaf , Saleh Dr Saad Nahi , Ayash Wameed Abdulhassan , Ghani Saramd Zaki , Salih Sudad Adil 
Published: May 2021

Recently, the emission of black smoke over local area of Basra Oil Company from flare system represents a big problem facing the company and causing huge pollution in the surrounding environment. The main reason of emission black smoke is carryover of droplets of the rest hydrocarbons such as condensate and droplets of crude oil by gases which are came from degassing stations facility in the north Rumelia field, southern Iraq. In this study, a design methodology was developed for designing the knockout drum, and different design criteria were used in sizing and selecting the drum based on the specification of the inlet fluid mixture. Three designs of knockout drums with respect to the gas conditions were performed. The horizontal knockout drum with a diameter of 2.5 m and length of 5.5 m was simulated using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model (ANSYS FLUENT 15.0). The CFD model predicted very well the two-phase flow behavior and proved the need for a vortex breaker at the liquid outlet. The CFD simulation revealed quantitatively that the design configuration of the knockout drum performed the separation of condensate droplets from natural gas with excellent efficiency.
معالجة المياه الملوثة بالنويدات المشعة طبيعية المنشأ (NORM) في الصناعة النفطية (جنوب العراق)
Authors: البخات Dr. yousif mohsen , الحمداني Haider kamel , خزعل Hameed harbbi 
Published: May 2021

تم استخدام اختبار الدفعةBatch Experiment لإزالة المواد المشعة طبيعية المنشأ (نظائر Ac-228, Pb-214, Bi-214, Pb-212, K-40) من المياه الملوثة الناتجة عن الصناعة النفطية (محطات عزل الغاز في حقل الرميلة الجنوبي/ محافظة البصرة) باستخدام مسحوق البنتونايت. أجريت عدة اختبارات في هذه التجربة لإزالة النظائر المشعة من المياه الملوثة بإضافة كميات مختلفة من البنتونايت الى المياه الملوثة، مع تثبيت بقية ظروف التجربة كزمن الخلط, الدالة الحامضية، حجم المحلول، سرعة الخلط. تم قياس تراكيز النظائر المشعة في المحلول قبل وبعد المعالجة باستخدام منظومة قياس أطياف أشعة كاما. اظهرت التجارب بأن كفاءة الإزالة للنظائر المشعة تصل الى 97.5 % باستخدام البنتونايت.

بينت النتائج االمستحصلة من هذه الدراسة، إمكانية استخدام البنتونايت لتقليل تراكيز النظائر المشعة طبيعية المنشأ (NORM) من المياه الملوثة الناتجة عن الصناعة النفطية
Optimization of Ethylene Refrigeration System Using Genetic Algorithms Method
Authors: Al-Hemeri Dr. Shurooq Talib , Yousif Dr. Mumtaz A. , AL Barifcani Dr. Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2021

Ethylene refrigeration for gases separation at low temperature and high pressure for olefin production is an important technique in the chemical industry. Since small changes in the operating conditions of such a process can have a significant influence on its economics, optimization is desirable. The present work was aimed to propose and establish a mathematical model for the ethylene refrigeration system of the ethylene plant in Basrah petrochemical complex NO.1 (PC1) and reformulated as a geometric programming problem using Visual Basic for predicting:- (overall efficiency of the ethylene refrigeration system {% }and percent of energy saving %E). Through the formulated model shaft work consumption by the centrifugal compressor, refrigeration effect and coefficient of performance of the system were obtained and other parameters concerning the system. The results of simulation showed a good agreement with the manufacturer manual.In this study the effect of four factors as independent variables on the overall refrigeration system efficiency and percent of energy saving were studied ;evaporator low pressure (PL) in the range of (1-3)bar ,compressor discharge high pressure (Ph) in the range of ( 28-32)bar ,condenser degree of sub-cool temperature (Tsub-D) in the range of (6-22)0C and evaporator degree of superheat temperature (Tsup-D) in the range of (1-5)0C. And the optimum conditions that aimed to minimize the thermodynamic irreversibility i.e (maximize overall refrigeration system efficiency) and also lower operating cost i.e (maximize percent of energy saving) evaporator low pressure (PL) (2.8 bar), compressor discharge high pressure (Ph) (28.7 bar), condenser degree of sub-cool temperature (Tsub-D) (190C), and evaporator degree of superheat temperature (Tsup-D) (3.40C). At these conditions the overall refrigeration system efficiency is (81.8%) and percent of energy saving is 51.18% with respect to conditions in the factory.
Selection of Optimum Permeability Estimation Approach in a Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Bagheri Ali Mohammad , Saemi Mohsen 
Published: May 2021

Determination of permeability is an essential component of reservoir characterization process which is among the key input parameters into a flow simulation models. Permeability modeling in carbonate reservoirs is still a challenge in the world. Permeability is directly determined in the laboratory from core analysis. Alternatively, it can be determined by analyzing well test or well logs. Due to high cost associated with coring and some technical problems, few wells in any given field are cored whereas most wells have wire-line logs.
In this study detailed core analysis data including core porosity and core permeability supplemented by well logs and well test data to predict a continuous log derived permeability in un-cored wells in a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in south west of Iran. The Mishrif reservoir in the studied field consists of limestone and interbedded shale. The field has 3 wells that have recovered cores. Permeability prediction was applied by several methods including: fuzzy logic, neural networks, clustering, empirical methods and regression analysis. These different methods were used to determine the optimal approach for utilizing in the field under study. To test the permeability prediction, the techniques were calibrated in 2 cored wells and blind tested in remaining cored well to see how well estimated permeability fitted the actual core permeability. Among all permeability modeling methods applied in the field, it turned out that electrofacies method and after that artificial neural network have the highest degree of association. Fuzzy logic and regression techniques are average in modeling permeability and empirical methods are not capable for predicting permeability in studied heterogeneous carbonate reservoir. The core analysis from 3 cored-wells was applied to determine permeability in 51 un-cored wells.
Iraq Crude Oil Exports, Crude oil production rates and crude discharge, Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for January, February, March /2016
Authors: SOMO Ministry of Oil / Oil Marketing Company 
Published: May 2021

Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – January 2016 Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – February 2016Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – March 2016Table 4. Crude oil production rates and crude discharge for January/ 2016Table 5. Oil Production Rates for January/2016Table 6. Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for January /2016Table 7 crude oil production rates and crude discharge for February / 2016Table 8 Oil Production Rates for February /2016 Table 9 Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for February / 2016Table 10. Crude oil production rates and crude discharge for March / 2016Table 11. Oil Production Rates for March /2016Table 12.Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for March / 2016
Sistem Informasi Penyusunan Jadwal Mata Pelajaran Menggunakan Metode Ant Colony Pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawi
Authors: Romdoni Mochammad Rizki 
Published: May 2021

Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang merupakan sebuah lembaga yang bergerak di dalam bidang pendidikan. Pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang terdapat penyusunan jadwal mata pelajaran yang masih menggunakan cara manual dan memakan waktu yang cukup lama ketika pihak waka kurikulum melakukan sebuah penyusunan jadwal . Dengan alasan di atas maka penulis mencoba untuk membuat suatu sistem informasi penyusunan jadwal mata pelajaran menggunakan metode ant colony yang terkomputerisasi dengan tempat penyimpanan database yang terstruktur, sehingga nantinya dapat membantu Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang dalam penyusunan jadwal mata pelajaran yang efektif dan efisien. Penyusunan jadwal mata pelajaran pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang diimplementasikan berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Borland Delphi 7 dan basis datanya menggunakan Microsoft Accsess 2007. Sistem Informasi Penyusunan Jadwal Mata Pelajaran Menggunakan Metode Ant Colony pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang ini merupakan sistem untuk membantu pihak waka kurikulum Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang dalam melakukan proses penyusunan jadwal mata pelajaran.
Peran Perceived Effectiveness of Escrow Services terhadap Satisfaction dan Trust pada E-Commerce di Indonesia
Authors: Kusumawati Ratna Dewi , Aulawi Hanif 
Published: May 2021

Keadaan pandemi COVID-19 mendorong masyarakat untuk berbelanja dari rumah dengan menggunakan e-commerce. Faktor kepuasan dan kepercayaan konsumen merupakan dua faktor kunci dalam meningkatkan penetrasi e-commerce. Guna meningkatkan kepercayaan dan kepuasan konsumen, pengelola e-commerce menawarkan jasa escrow dalam memproses pembayaran yang dilakukan pada platform e-commerce. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian kuantitatif non-probability dengan mengumpulkan data melalui kuisioner dan analisis data menggunakan metode moderated regression analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepuasan yang dirasakan oleh responden terhadap pembelian sebelumnya dapat mempengaruhi kepercayaan konsumen terhadap penjual. Variabel perceived effectiveness of escrow services mampu memoderasi hubungan antara variabel kepuasan dan kepercayaan.
The Impact of Nontariff Trade Policy of European Union Crude Palm Oil Import on Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Rest of the World Economy: An Analysis in GTAP Framework
Authors: Pratama Rozy A. , Widodo Tri 
Published: May 2021

Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest producers and exporters of palm oil in the world vegetable oil market. Palm oil and its derivative products are the highest contributors to foreign exchange in 2018. This study aims to analyze the impact of the European Union import non-tariff trade policies on the Indonesian and Malaysian economies The analysis uses the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of world trade on the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) program. The results of this study found that the non-tariff import policy by the European Union had a negative impact on the economies of Indonesia and Malaysia. Moreover, the policy also has a negative impact on countries in Southeast Asia and the European Union. This shows that the enactment of non-tariff import trade policies for Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil products has a global impact.
Dampak Perkembangan Uang Elektronik terhadap Efektivitas Kebijakan Moneter di Indonesia
Authors: Qori'ah Ciplis Gema , Indrawati Yulia , Wardhono Adhitya , Nasir M. Abd. 
Published: May 2021

Pertumbuhan penggunaan uang elektronik mengalami perkembangan yang pesat, terlihat dari volume, nilai transaksi, dan preferensi masyarakat yang makin meningkat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak perkembangan uang elektronik terhadap efektivitas kebijakan moneter di Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Structural CointegratingVector Autoregressive (SCVAR) dengan periode observasi 2009.1–2019.12. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa uang elektronik tidak menimbulkan dampak inflasioner, baik dalam jangka panjang dan pendek. Instrumen suku bunga cukup efektif dalam mengendalikan kecepatan perputaran uang elektronik. Kenaikan pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam jangka panjang dan pendek tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kenaikan transaksi uang elektronik. Begitu pula kenaikan transaksi uang elektronik dalam jangka panjang belum mampu diikuti oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi. Uang elektronik tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap kredit dalam jangka pendek, tetapi dalam jangka panjang potensi kenaikan kredit diikuti oleh meningkatnya transaksi secara digital.
Pemetaan Kemiskinan Melalui Pendekatan Geographically Weighted Lasso
Authors: Bangun Rita Herawaty Br , Meimela Aida 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemiskinan menurut variasi wilayah dengan pendekatan spasial melalui penerapan metode Geographically Weighted Lasso (GWL). Studi kasus yang diambil adalah Sumatera Utara, salah satu provinsi dengan tingkat kemiskinan tertinggi di Indonesia. Data penelitian bersifat sekunder yang berasal dari publikasi dan laman BPS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode GWL mampu mengatasi multikolinieritas lokal dan heterogenitas data spasial. Sebesar 85,93 persen kemiskinan di Sumatera Utara dapat dijelaskan oleh seluruh variabel prediktor. Variabel yang signifikan adalah persentase rumah tangga dengan luas lantai kurang dari 8 m2, tingkat setengah pengangguran, dan persentase pekerja informal. Pemodelan kemiskinan dengan metode GWL mampu meningkatkan ketepatan estimasi parameter sehingga program pengentasan kemiskinan di Sumatera Utara akan lebih efektif jika disesuaikan dengan karateristikmasing-masing daerah.
De financiële crisis en de niet-contractuele aansprakelijkheid van de Unie als rechtsbeschermingsinstrument
Authors: Bulterman M.K. 
Published: May 2021

De financiële crisis en de niet-contractuele aansprakelijkheid van de Unie als rechtsbeschermingsinstrument: arrest in de gevoegde zaken Chrysostomides en Bourdouvali
Sinds 2012 verleent het Europees Stabiliteitsmechanisme (ESM) financiële steun aan lidstaten die in financiële nood verkeren, wanneer deze nood zo groot is dat dit de financiële stabiliteit van de eurozone in gevaar brengt. Om voor steun in aanmerking te komen moeten lidstaten aan strenge voorwaarden voldoen en ingrijpende maatregelen nemen. Die maatregelen kunnen ook individuele burgers en bedrijven hard treffen. Dat roept de vraag op welke rechtsbescherming het Gerecht en het Hof van Justitie kunnen bieden aan gedupeerde particulieren. Het arrest in de gevoegde zaken Chrysostomides en Bourdouvali van 16 december 2020 is de recentste uitspraak in een serie arresten die hierover meer duidelijkheid geven. Dit arrest is met name van belang vanwege het oordeel van het Hof van Justitie over de positie van de Eurogroep binnen het institutionele kader van de Unie en de mogelijkheid de rechtmatigheid van de handelingen van de Eurogroep in een direct beroep bij de Unierechter ter discussie te stellen.HvJ 16 december 2020, gevoegde zaken C-597/18 P, C-598/18 P, C-603/18 P en C-604/18 P, ECLI:EU:C:2020:1028 (Raad/K. Chrysostomides & Co. e.a., Raad/Bourdouvali e.a., K. Chrysostomides & Co. e.a./Raad, Bourdouvali e.a./Raad).
Zorgen om de rechtsstaat in Polen bij uitvoering van een Europees aanhoudingsbevel
Authors: Verrest P.A.M. 
Published: May 2021

Zorgen om de rechtsstaat in Polen bij uitvoering van een Europees aanhoudingsbevel
Het Hof van Justitie heeft in een arrest van 17 december 2020 prejudiciële vragen beantwoord van de rechtbank Amsterdam. De rechtbank wilde weten of de aantasting van de onafhankelijkheid van de rechtspraak in Polen betekent dat de overlevering van personen aan die lidstaat op grond van een Europees aanhoudingsbevel dient te worden geweigerd, ook zonder de concrete omstandigheden in de desbetreffende zaak aan een gedetailleerd onderzoek te onderwerpen. Het Hof van Justitie herhaalt dat de dreiging van een mensenrechtenschending voor de opgeëiste persoon altijd moet worden beoordeeld op het niveau van de individuele zaak. Er is bovendien geen reden om een Poolse rechter niet langer als ‘rechterlijke autoriteit’ in de zin van het kaderbesluit Europees aanhoudingsbevel aan te merken.HvJ 17 december 2020, gevoegde zaken C-354/20 PPU en C-412/20 PPU, ECLI:EU:C:2020:1033 (L. en P.).
Probing Biological Water Using Terahertz Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Kumar Mitra Rajib , Kumar Palit Dipak 
Published: May 2021

Hydrogen bonding properties of water molecules, which are confined in microcavities of biological interfaces, are significantly different from those of bulk water and drive most of the complex biological processes. While NMR, X-ray and UV–vis-IR spectroscopic techniques have been found inadequate for describing the dynamics of the thick (20–40 Å) sheath of hydration layer around biomolecules, recently developed THz spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful technique to directly probe the collective dynamics of hydrogen bonds in the hydration layer, which control all important functions of the biomolecules in life. Both laser and accelerator-based THz sources are intense enough to penetrate up to about 100 μm thick water samples, which makes THz transmission and/or dielectric relaxation measurements possible in aqueous solutions. These measurements provide valuable information about the rattling and rotational motions of hydrated ions, making, breaking and rearrangement of hydrogen bonds in hydration layer as well as hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions between biomolecule and water. THz spectroscopy has also been successfully applied to study the effect of modulation of the physical conditions, like temperature, pH, concentration of proteins and chemical additives, on the structure and dynamics of hydration layer. THz spectroscopy has also been applied to study the processes of denaturation, unfolding and aggregation of biomolecules.
Docência em movimento: a transitividade no fazer docente
Authors: Roncarelli Isadora Alves , Stecanela Nilda , Pauletti Fabiana 
Published: May 2021

O presente texto versa a respeito da docência e seus processos de transitividade. O objetivo é tecer uma reflexão sobre a importância da transitividade na docência, tendo em vista as contribuições de Paulo Freire no que tange ao pensar certo e à reflexão sobre a ação. Além disso, outros autores são evocados para a escrita, tais como Pimenta (2002, 2010), Freitas (2018), Charlot (2000), Cunha (1999). O argumento principal desenvolvido no texto é que ao pensar certo o docente pensa sobre, ao pensar sobre, reflete sobre sua prática, e a reflexão sobre a prática o coloca em processo de ação-reflexão-ação, isso caracteriza a docência em movimento. A pesquisa é o elemento central para a transitividade na docência, a postura investigativa do professor, que reflete sistematicamente sobre sua prática, o coloca em constante movimento. Esse movimento é provocado pelos professores, por meio de saberes docentes como a reflexão, a pesquisa, a tomada de decisão e o pensar certo.
El Pacto Verde Europeo como antesala de la Ley Europea del Clima
Authors: Rando Burgos Esther 
Published: May 2021

El cambio climático y la degradación del medio ambiente constituyen, desafortunadamente, una amenaza a nivel mundial. Europa, en un firme propósito por superar los retos que supone, aboga por una nueva estrategia de crecimiento capaz de transformarla en una economía moderna, eficiente en el uso de los recursos y competitiva, con un triple objetivo de partida: dejar de producir emisiones netas de gases de efecto invernadero en 2050; un crecimiento económico disociado del uso de recursos; que ninguna persona ni lugar se queden atrás. El logro de una economía sostenible en la Unión Europea toma, en principio, como hoja de ruta el Pacto Verde Europeo, pero trata de ir más allá en su propósito de ser climáticamente neutra en 2050, para lo que se ha propuesto una Ley Europea del Clima que convierta el actual compromiso político en una obligación legal.
Climate change and environmental degradation are unfortunately a global threat. Europe, in a firm resolve to overcome the challenges it poses, advocates a new growth strategy capable of transforming it into a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy, with a threefold objective: to stop producing net greenhouse gas emissions by 2050; economic growth decoupled from resource use; that no person or place is left behind. The achievement of a sustainable economy in the European Union takes, in principle, as a roadmap the European Green Deal, but tries to go further in its aim to be climate neutral in 2050 for which it has proposed a European Climate Law that turns the current political commitment into a legal obligation.
Dygdsetikk i møte med etiske dilemma i den kliniske kvardagen
Authors: Korsvoll Anne Guro , Thorkildsen Kari Marie 
Published: May 2021

Omsorgsutøvarar møter dagleg etiske dilemma, og ei innebygd handlingsforventning fører ofte til at ein må ta val basert på personleg intuisjon meir enn systematisk refleksjon. Hensikten med artikkelen er å sjå kva dygder som hjelper og styrker omsorgsutøvaren i møte med etiske dilemma i den kliniske kvardagen. Det vart gjennomført eitt fokusgruppeintervju med seks omsorgsutøvarar frå ulike avdelingar i ein sjukeheim, og data vart analysert i trå med den fenomenologisk-hermeneutiske metoden til Lindseth og Norberg. Dygder, eller fråver av desse, kjem fram i følgjande tema å sjå situasjonen i ein større heilskap, å vekse i lag med andre, å vekse i seg sjølv, å kjenne seg åleine og å søke noko anna. Dygda fronesis, der bevisstgjort og tilegna kunnskap og erfaring vert aktualisert i den enkelte situasjon, kan hjelpe omsorgsutøvaren til å stå styrka i møte med etiske dilemma i den kliniske kvardagen.
Virtue ethics facing ethical dilemmas in clinical practice
Everyday care practitioners encounter ethical dilemmas, and situations that require intervention often make the care practitioner base her choices on personal intuition rather than systematical reflection. This article explores which virtues help and strengthen the care practitioner in ethical dilemmas in her clinical practice. Six care practitioners from different wards in a nursing home participated in one focus group interview, and the data was analyzed according to Lindseth and Norberg´s (2004) phenomenological-hermeneutical method. Virtues, or the absence of them, appear in the following themes; to grow as an individual, to grow together with others, to feel alone, to seek something else, and to see the situation in a larger context. Phronesis as a virtue, where conscious and appropriated knowledge and experience are actualized in every single situation, can help the care practitioner to better meet ethical dilemmas in clinical practice.