bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source or Sink? The Role of Residential Host Plants in Asian Citrus Psyllid Infestation of Commercial Citrus Groves
Authors: Sétamou Mamoudou , Tarshis Moreno Aleena , Patt Joseph M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Citriculture landscapes in the U.S. are typically habitat mosaics of commercial groves interspersed with residential areas supporting a variety of unmanaged citrus. Diaphorina citri the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agent of Huanglongbing feeds on citrus in both habitats. We postulated that residential citrus function as a ‘source’ of D. citri that infest groves, functioning as sinks. Here we report on an experimental mark-release-recapture study conducted at the interface of a residential neighborhood and groves. Adult D. citri marked with colored fluorescent powders were released in both habitats (n = 15,300) and their movement within and between milieus monitored. Although the recapture rate of marked psyllids was very low (0.23%), the results were instructive. Most of the recaptured psyllids in residential trees (84.6%) were released within that habitat. In contrast, approximately half of the marked psyllids recovered in groves were released in residential areas. Of all the recaptured psyllids, about 40% changed habitats, but the change was skewed toward movement from residential to grove habitat. These data strongly suggest that there is a constant exchange of D. citri adults between the two habitats, with residential citrus trees functioning as a source habitat of psyllids. The further the residential trees are located from groves, the less likely they will serve as sources of D. citri. Hence, to reduce the risks of citrus grove colonization by D. citri, new groves should be established away from residential habitats where possible, and psyllid management practices must also be implemented in residential habitats.
Transit timings variations in the three-planet system: TOI-270
Authors: Kaye Laurel , Vissapragada Shreyas , Günther Maximilian N , Aigrain Suzanne , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Jensen Eric L N , Parviainen Hannu , Pozuelos Francisco J , Abe Lyu , Acton Jack S , Agabi Abdelkrim , Alves Douglas R , Anderson David R , Armstrong David J , Barkaoui Khalid , Barragán Oscar , Benneke Björn , Boyd Patricia T , Brahm Rafael , Bruni Ivan , Bryant Edward M , Burleigh Matthew R , Casewell Sarah L , Ciardi David , Cloutier Ryan , Collins Karen A , Collins Kevin I , Conti Dennis M , Crossfield Ian J M , Crouzet Nicolas , Daylan Tansu , Dragomir Diana , Dransfield Georgina , Fabrycky Daniel , Fausnaugh Michael , Fuűrész Gábor , Gan Tianjun , Gill Samuel , Gillon Michaël , Goad Michael R , Gorjian Varoujan , Greklek-McKeon Michael , Guerrero Natalia , Guillot Tristan , Jehin Emmanuël , Jenkins J S , Lendl Monika , Kamler Jacob , Kane Stephen R , Kielkopf John F , Kunimoto Michelle , Marie-Sainte Wenceslas , McCormac James , Mékarnia Djamel , Morales Farisa Y , Moyano Maximiliano , Palle Enric , Parmentier Vivien , Relles Howard M , Schmider François-Xavier , Schwarz Richard P , Seager S , Smith Alexis M S , Tan Thiam-Guan , Taylor Jake , Triaud Amaury H M J , Twicken Joseph D , Udry Stephane , Vines J I , Wang Gavin , Wheatley Peter J , Winn Joshua N 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present ground- and space-based photometric observations of TOI-270 (L231-32), a system of three transiting planets consisting of one super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes discovered by TESS around a bright (K-mag = 8.25) M3V dwarf. The planets orbit near low-order mean-motion resonances (5:3 and 2:1) and are thus expected to exhibit large transit timing variations (TTVs). Following an extensive observing campaign using eight different observatories between 2018 and 2020, we now report a clear detection of TTVs for planets c and d, with amplitudes of ∼10 min and a super-period of ∼3 yr, as well as significantly refined estimates of the radii and mean orbital periods of all three planets. Dynamical modelling of the TTVs alone puts strong constraints on the mass ratio of planets c and d and on their eccentricities. When incorporating recently published constraints from radial velocity observations, we obtain masses of $M_{\mathrm{b}}=1.48\pm 0.18\, M_\oplus$, $M_{\mathrm{c}}=6.20\pm 0.31\, M_\oplus$, and $M_{\mathrm{d}}=4.20\pm 0.16\, M_\oplus$ for planets b, c, and d, respectively. We also detect small but significant eccentricities for all three planets : eb = 0.0167 ± 0.0084, ec = 0.0044 ± 0.0006, and ed = 0.0066 ± 0.0020. Our findings imply an Earth-like rocky composition for the inner planet, and Earth-like cores with an additional He/H2O atmosphere for the outer two. TOI-270 is now one of the best constrained systems of small transiting planets, and it remains an excellent target for atmospheric characterization.
IQRM: real-time adaptive RFI masking for radio transient and pulsar searches
Authors: Morello V , Rajwade K M , Stappers B W 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
In a search for short-time-scale astrophysical transients in time-domain data, radio-frequency interference (RFI) causes both large quantities of false positive candidates and a significant reduction in sensitivity if not correctly mitigated. Here, we propose an algorithm that infers a time-variable frequency channel mask directly from short-duration (∼1 s) data blocks: the method consists of computing a spectral statistic that correlates well with the presence of RFI, and then finding high outliers among the resulting values. For the latter task, we propose an outlier detection algorithm called Inter-Quartile Range Mitigation (IQRM), which is both non-parametric and robust to the presence of a trend in sequential data. The method requires no training and can, in principle, adapt to any telescope and RFI environment; its efficiency is shown on data from both the MeerKAT and Lovell 76-m radio telescopes. IQRM is fast enough to be used in a streaming search and has been integrated into the MeerTRAP real-time transient search pipeline. Open-source python and C++ implementations are also provided.
Can tides explain the low dark matter density in Fornax?
Authors: Genina Anna , Read Justin I , Fattahi Azadeh , Frenk Carlos S 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The low dark matter density in the Fornax dwarf galaxy is often interpreted as being due to the presence of a constant density ‘core’, but it could also be explained by the effects of Galactic tides. The latter interpretation has been disfavoured because it is apparently inconsistent with the orbital parameters and star formation history of Fornax. We revisit these arguments with the help of the APOSTLE cosmological hydrodynamics simulations. We show that simulated dwarfs with similar properties to Fornax are able to form stars after infall, so that star formation is not necessarily a good tracer of infall time. We also examine the constraints on the pericentre of Fornax and point out that small pericentres (&lt;50 kpc) are not currently ruled out by the data, allowing for Fornax to be tidally influenced on its current orbit. Furthermore, we find that some dwarfs with large orbital pericentres can be stripped prior to infall due to interactions with more massive galaxies. Tidal effects lead to a reduction in the dark matter density, while the profile remains cuspy. Navarro–Frenk–White profiles are consistent with the kinematic data within 3σ in the innermost regions, while profiles with shallow cusps or cores provide a better fit. We predict that if the reduction of the dark matter density in Fornax occurs, at least in part, because of the action of Galactic tides, then tidal tails should be visible with a surface brightness limit of ∼35–36 mag arcsec−2 over a survey area of ≳100 deg2.
The MAGIC project – III. Radial and azimuthal Galactic abundance gradients using classical Cepheids
Authors: Kovtyukh V , Lemasle B , Bono G , Usenko I A , da Silva R , Kniazev A , Grebel E K , Andronov I L , Shakun L , Chinarova L 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Radial abundance gradients provide sound constraints for chemo-dynamical models of galaxies. Azimuthal variations of abundance ratios are solid diagnostics to understand their chemical enrichment. In this paper, we investigate azimuthal variations of abundances in the Milky Way using Cepheids. We provide the detailed chemical composition (25 elements) of 105 Classical Cepheids from high-resolution SALT spectra observed by the MAGIC project. Negative abundance gradients, with abundances decreasing from the inner to the outer disc, have been reported both in the Milky Way and in external galaxies, and our results are in full agreement with literature results. We find azimuthal variations of the oxygen abundance [O/H]. While a large number of external spirals show negligible azimuthal variations, the Milky Way seems to be one of the few galaxies with noticeable [O/H] azimuthal asymmetries. They reach ≈0.2 dex in the inner Galaxy and in the outer disc, where they are the largest, thus supporting similar findings for nearby spiral galaxies, as well as recent 2D chemo-dynamical models.
APOGEE detection of N-rich stars in the tidal tails of Palomar 5
Authors: Phillips Siân G , Schiavon Ricardo P , Mackereth J Ted , Allende Prieto Carlos , Anguiano Borja , Beaton Rachael L , Cohen Roger E , García-Hernández D A , Geisler Douglas , Horta Danny , Jönsson Henrik , Kisku Shobhit , Lane Richard R , Majewski Steven R , Mason Andrew , Minniti Dante , Schultheis Mathias , Taylor Dominic 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent results from chemical tagging studies using Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment data suggest a strong link between the chemical abundance patterns of stars found within globular clusters (GC), and chemically peculiar populations in the Galactic halo field. In this paper, we analyse the chemical compositions of stars within the cluster body and tidal streams of Palomar 5, a GC that is being tidally disrupted by interaction with the Galactic gravitational potential. We report the identification of nitrogen-rich (N-rich) stars both within and beyond the tidal radius of Palomar 5, with the latter being clearly aligned with the cluster tidal streams; this acts as confirmation that N-rich stars are lost to the Galactic halo from GCs, and provides support to the hypothesis that field N-rich stars identified by various groups have a GC origin.
Accurate flux calibration of GW170817: is the X-ray counterpart on the rise?
Authors: Troja E , O’Connor B , Ryan G , Piro L , Ricci R , Zhang B , Piran T , Bruni G , Cenko S B , van Eerten H 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
X-ray emission from the gravitational wave transient GW170817 is well described as non-thermal afterglow radiation produced by a structured relativistic jet viewed off-axis. We show that the X-ray counterpart continues to be detected at 3.3 years after the merger. Such long-lasting signal is not a prediction of the earlier jet models characterized by a narrow jet core and a viewing angle ≈20 deg, and is spurring a renewed interest in the origin of the X-ray emission. We present a comprehensive analysis of the X-ray dataset aimed at clarifying existing discrepancies in the literature, and in particular the presence of an X-ray rebrightening at late times. Our analysis does not find evidence for an increase in the X-ray flux, but confirms a growing tension between the observations and the jet model. Further observations at radio and X-ray wavelengths would be critical to break the degeneracy between models.
Enhanced phase mixing of torsional Alfvén waves in stratified and divergent solar coronal structures – Paper I. Linear solutions
Authors: Boocock C , Tsiklauri D 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We derive a corrected analytical solution for the propagation and enhanced phase mixing of torsional Alfvén waves, in a potential magnetic field with exponentially divergent field lines, embedded in a stratified solar corona. Further we develop a code named TAWAS that calculates the analytic solution describing torsional Alfvén waves using idl software language. We then use TAWAS to demonstrate that both our correction to the analytic solution and the inclusion of wave reflection have a significant impact on Alfvén wave damping. We continue to utilize TAWAS by performing a parameter study in order to identify the conditions under which enhanced phase mixing is strongest. We find that phase mixing is the strongest for high frequency Alfvén waves in magnetic fields with highly divergent field lines and without density stratification. We then present a finite difference solver, Wigglewave, which solves the linearized evolution equations for the system directly. Comparing solutions from TAWAS and Wigglewave we see that our analytical solution is accurate within the limits of the WKB approximation but under-reports the wave damping, caused by enhanced phase mixing, beyond the WKB limit. Both TAWAS and Wigglewave solve the linearized governing equations and not the complete non-linear magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. Paper II will consider simulations that solve the full MHD equations including important non-linear effects.
Reproducing NGC 3109 association in numerical simulations
Authors: Micic M , Beslic I , Martinovic N 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the origins of the uniquely elongated (1067 kpc in length and 97 kpc in width) association of galaxies known as NGC 3109, positioned at ∼ 1 Mpc from the Local Group (LG). To understand its likely origins, we have conducted a series of numerical simulations where the NGC 3109 association is represented as a regular, gravitationally bound N-body system of five galaxies, stripped from most of their dark matter due to previous tidal effects. The association evolves for 10 Gyr in an analytical potential representing the influence of the LG. We find that a loosely gravitationally bound system of five galaxies in a hyperbolic orbit toward the LG evolves into a tidally elongated structure similar to recent observations of NGC 3109. In this proof of concept model, the N-body simulations can reproduce the observations of the NGC 3109 association, such as its dimensions, as well as the radial velocity and distance from the LG.
The telomeric 5′ end nucleotide is regulated in the budding yeast Naumovozyma castellii
Authors: Itriago Humberto , Jaiswal Rishi K , Philipp Susanne , Cohn Marita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The junction between the double-stranded and single-stranded telomeric DNA (ds–ss junction) is fundamental in the maintenance of the telomeric chromatin, as it directs the assembly of the telomere binding proteins. In budding yeast, multiple Rap1 proteins bind the telomeric dsDNA, while ssDNA repeats are bound by the Cdc13 protein. Here, we aimed to determine, for the first time, the telomeric 5′ end nucleotide in a budding yeast. To this end, we developed a permutation-specific PCR-based method directed towards the regular 8-mer telomeric repeats in Naumovozyma castellii. We find that, in logarithmically growing cells, the 320 ± 30 bp long telomeres mainly terminate in either of two specific 5′ end permutations of the repeat, both corresponding to a terminal adenine nucleotide. Strikingly, two permutations are completely absent at the 5′ end, indicating that not all ds-ss junction structures would allow the establishment of the protective telomere chromatin cap structure. Using in vitro DNA end protection assays, we determined that binding of Rap1 and Cdc13 around the most abundant ds–ss junction ensures the protection of both 5′ ends and 3′ overhangs from exonucleolytic degradation. Our results provide mechanistic insights into telomere protection, and reveal that Rap1 and Cdc13 have complementary roles.
The positive feedback regulatory loop of miR160-Auxin Response Factor 17-HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 mediates drought tolerance in apple trees
Authors: Shen Xiaoxia , He Jieqiang , Ping Yikun , Guo Junxing , Hou Nan , Cao Fuguo , Li Xuewei , Geng Dali , Wang Shicong , Chen Pengxiang , Qin Gege , Ma Fengwang , Guan Qingmei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Drought stress tolerance is a complex trait regulated by multiple factors. Here, we demonstrate that the miRNA160–Auxin Response Factor 17 (ARF17)–HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 module is crucial for apple (Malus domestica) drought tolerance. Using stable transgenic plants, we found that drought tolerance was improved by higher levels of Mdm-miR160 or MdHYL1 and by decreased levels of MdARF17, whereas reductions in MdHYL1 or increases in MdARF17 led to greater drought sensitivity. Further study revealed that modulation of drought tolerance was achieved through regulation of drought-responsive miRNA levels by MdARF17 and MdHYL1; MdARF17 interacted with MdHYL1 and bound to the promoter of MdHYL1. Genetic analysis further suggested that MdHYL1 is a direct downstream target of MdARF17. Importantly, MdARF17 and MdHYL1 regulated the abundance of Mdm-miR160. In addition, the Mdm-miR160-MdARF17–MdHYL1 module regulated adventitious root development. We also found that Mdm-miR160 can move from the scion to the rootstock in apple and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), thereby improving root development and drought tolerance of the rootstock. Our study revealed the mechanisms by which the positive feedback loop of Mdm-miR160-MdARF17-MdHYL1 influences apple drought tolerance.
Fear of Movement and Reinjury in Sports Medicine: Relevance for Rehabilitation and Return to Sport
Authors: Kvist Joanna , Silbernagel Karin Grävare 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAthletes are defined by their ability to move and are often accustomed to pain as it relates to their sports and exercise regime. The forced movement restriction and pain associated with an acute or overuse injury has a profound effect not only on their physical abilities but also on their psychological well-being and social context. With the goal of returning to sport, the rehabilitation focus historically has been on recovery of physical attributes, but more recent research is addressing the psychological factors. This Perspective proposes that—according to the current evidence in sports medicine—the fear that affects choice of treatment, rehabilitation, and return to sports is intertwined with physical capacity and recovery of function. Past injury is also 1 of the main risk factors for a sports injury; therefore, fear of reinjury is not irrational. For an athlete, the fear related to a sports injury encompasses the fear of reinjury along with fear of not being able to return to the sport at their highest performance level—and the fear of having lifelong debilitating pain and symptoms. This Perspective reviews the evidence for the influence of fear of movement and reinjury on choice of treatment, rehabilitation, and return to sport and provides suggestions on how to address this fear during the continuum of treatment and return to sports.
Assessment of disability in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: a call for linearity
Authors: Min Minoesch , Walter Anne W , Lim Johan , Eftimov Filip , Verhamme Camiel , de Visser Marianne , van Schaik Ivo N , Aggarwal Rohit , de Haan Rob J , van der Kooi Anneke J , Raaphorst Joost ,   the Dutch Myositis Network, Saris Christiaan G J , Brusse Esther , Hoogendijk Jessica E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the clinimetric properties of the Academic Medical Centre Disability Score (ALDS) in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).

Methods
We used prospectively collected data of IIM patients who completed a phase-2 study with first-line IVIG monotherapy. The ALDS is a patient-reported questionnaire which contains 25 items relevant for disability in myositis. ALDS and all core set measures (CSMs) for myositis [including HAQ-Disability Index (HAQ-DI)] were evaluated at baseline and 9 weeks follow-up. In addition, the 2016 ACR/EULAR myositis response criteria outcome called Total Improvement Score (TIS) was evaluated at 9 weeks. We examined floor/ceiling effects, reliability and construct validity of the ALDS. To examine known-group validity, ALDS change scores over time were compared with TIS and physician impression of clinical response.

Results
Nineteen patients with IIM [median age 59 years, 12 (63%) female] were enrolled. At baseline, ALDS showed a median score of 65.4 (IQR 58.2–73.5), good Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.84) and a small ceiling effect (11%). Construct validity was confirmed by moderate to strong correlations between ALDS and HAQ-DI [rs = −0.57 (baseline); −0.86 (follow-up)]. ALDS change score correlated with TIS (rs = 0.70), discriminated between responders and non-responders (TIS ≥ 40; P = 0.001), between groups based on physician impression of clinical response (P = 0.03), and detected deterioration.

Conclusion
The ALDS showed promising clinimetric properties and detected relevant changes in disability in patients with myositis. These results warrant further investigations.
Interplay between genetics and lifestyle on pain susceptibility in women with fibromyalgia: the al-Ándalus project
Authors: Estévez-López Fernando , Guerrero-González Juan M , Salazar-Tortosa Diego , Camiletti-Moirón Daniel , Gavilán-Carrera Blanca , Aparicio Virginia A , Acosta-Manzano Pedro , Álvarez-Gallardo Inmaculada C , Segura-Jiménez Víctor , Soriano-Maldonado Alberto , Geenen Rinie , Delgado-Fernández Manuel , Martínez-González Luis J , Ruiz Jonatan R , Álvarez-Cubero María J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
It is widely acknowledged that the experience of pain is promoted by both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors such as engaging in physical activity (PA), and that pain-related cognitions are also important. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to test the association of 64 polymorphisms (34 candidate genes) and the gene–gene, gene–PA and gene–sedentary behaviour interactions with pain and pain-related cognitions in women with FM.

Methods
Saliva samples from 274 women with FM [mean (s.d.) age 51.7 (7.7) years] were collected for extracting DNA. We measured PA and sedentary behaviour by accelerometers for a week, pain with algometry and questionnaires, and pain-related cognitions with questionnaires. To assess the robustness of the results, a meta-analysis was also performed.

Results
The rs6311 and rs6313 polymorphisms (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A, HTR2A) were individually related to algometer scores. The interaction of rs4818 (catechol-O-methyltransferase, COMT) and rs1799971 (opioid receptor μ gene, OPRM1) was related to pain catastrophizing. Five gene–behaviour interactions were significant: the interactions of sedentary behaviour with rs1383914 (adrenoceptor alpha 1A, ADRA1A), rs6860 (charged multivesicular body protein 1A, CHMP1A), rs4680 (COMT), rs165599 (COMT) and rs12994338 (SCN9A) on bodily pain subscale of the Short Form 36. Furthermore, the meta-analysis showed an association between rs4680 (COMT) and severity of FM symptoms (codominant model, P-value 0.032).

Conclusion
The HTR2A gene (individually), COMT and OPRM1 gene–gene interaction, and the interactions of sedentary behaviour with ADRA1A, CHMP1A, COMT and SCN9A genes were associated with pain-related outcomes. Collectively, findings from the present study indicate a modest contribution of genetics and gene–sedentary behaviour interaction to pain and pain catastrophizing in women with FM. Future research should examine whether reducing sedentary behaviour is particularly beneficial for reducing pain in women with genetic susceptibility to pain.