bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The surroundings of the Milky Way globular cluster NGC 6809
Authors: Piatti Andrés E 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the outer regions of the Milky Way globular cluster NGC 6809 based on Dark Energy Camera observations, which reach nearly 6 mag below the cluster main-sequence (MS) turn-off. In order to unveil its fainter outermost structure, we built stellar density maps using cluster MS stars, once the contamination of field stars was removed from the cluster colour–magnitude diagram. We found that only the resulting stellar density map for the lightest stars exhibits some excesses of stars at opposite sides from the cluster centre that diminish soon thereafter at ∼ 0.32°.Studied globular clusters with apogalactic distances smaller than that of NGC 6809 (5.5 kpc) do not have observed tidal tails. The lack of detection of tidal tails in the studied inner globular cluster sample could be due to the reduced diffusion time of tidal tails by the kinematically chaotic nature of the orbits of these globular clusters, thus shortening the time interval during which the tidal tails can be detected. Further investigations with an enlarged cluster sample are needed to confirm whether chaotic and non-chaotic orbits are responsible for the existence of globular clusters with tidal tails and those with extra-tidal features that are different from tidal tails or without any signatures of extended stellar density profiles.
HD molecules at high redshift: cosmic ray ionization rate in the diffuse interstellar medium
Authors: Kosenko D N , Balashev S A , Noterdaeme P , Krogager J-K , Srianand R , Ledoux C 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a systematic study of deuterated molecular hydrogen (HD) at high redshift, detected in absorption in the spectra of quasars. We present four new identifications of HD lines associated with known $\rm H_2$-bearing Damped Lyman-α systems. In addition, we measure upper limits on the $\rm HD$ column density in 12 recently identified $\rm H_2$-bearing DLAs. We find that the new $\rm HD$ detections have similar $N({\rm HD})/N(\rm H_2)$ ratios as previously found, further strengthening a marked difference with measurements through the Galaxy. This is likely due to differences in physical conditions and metallicity between the local and the high-redshift interstellar media. Using the measured N(HD)/N(H2) ratios together with priors on the UV flux (χ) and number densities (n), obtained from analysis of $\rm H_2$ and associated C i lines, we are able to constrain the cosmic ray ionization rate (CRIR, ζ) for the new $\rm HD$ detections and for eight known HD-bearing systems where priors on n and χ are available. We find significant dispersion in ζ, from a few × 10−18 s−1 to a few × 10−15 s−1. We also find that ζ strongly correlates with χ – showing almost quadratic dependence, slightly correlates with Z, and does not correlate with n, which probably reflects a physical connection between cosmic rays and star-forming regions.
Enhanced Mutation Rate, Relaxed Selection, and the “Domino Effect” are associated with Gene Loss in Blattabacterium, A Cockroach Endosymbiont
Authors: Kinjo Yukihiro , Lo Nathan , Martín Paula Villa , Tokuda Gaku , Pigolotti Simone , Bourguignon Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Intracellular endosymbionts have reduced genomes that progressively lose genes at a timescale of tens of million years. We previously reported that gene loss rate is linked to mutation rate in Blattabacterium, however, the mechanisms causing gene loss are not yet fully understood. Here, we carried out comparative genomic analyses on the complete genome sequences of a representative set of 67 Blattabacterium strains, with sizes ranging between 511 and 645 kb. We found that 200 of the 566 analyzed protein-coding genes were lost in at least one lineage of Blattabacterium, with the most extreme case being one gene that was lost independently in 24 lineages. We found evidence for three mechanisms influencing gene loss in Blattabacterium. First, gene loss rates were found to increase exponentially with the accumulation of substitutions. Second, genes involved in vitamin and amino acid metabolism experienced relaxed selection in Cryptocercus and Mastotermes, possibly triggered by their vertically inherited gut symbionts. Third, we found evidence of epistatic interactions among genes leading to a “domino effect” of gene loss within pathways. Our results highlight the complexity of the process of genome erosion in an endosymbiont.
ProLint: a web-based framework for the automated data analysis and visualization of lipid–protein interactions
Authors: Sejdiu Besian I , Tieleman D Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe functional activity of membrane proteins is carried out in a complex lipid environment. Increasingly, it is becoming clear that lipids are an important player in regulating or generally modulating their activity. A routinely used method to gain insight into this interplay between lipids and proteins are Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, since they allow us to study interactions at atomic or near-atomic detail as a function of time. A major bottleneck, however, is analyzing and visualizing lipid–protein interactions, which, in practice, is a time-demanding task. Here, we present ProLint (www.prolint.ca), a webserver that completely automates analysis of MD generated files and visualization of lipid–protein interactions. Analysis is modular allowing users to select their preferred method, and visualization is entirely interactive through custom built applications that enable a detailed qualitative and quantitative exploration of lipid–protein interactions. ProLint also includes a database of published MD results that have been processed through the ProLint workflow and can be visualized by anyone regardless of their level of experience with MD. The automated analysis, feature-rich visualization, database integration, and open-source distribution with an easy to install process, will allow ProLint to become a routine workflow in lipid–protein interaction studies.
Low light intensity delays vegetative phase change
Authors: Xu Mingli , Hu Tieqiang , Poethig R Scott 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlants that develop under low light (LL) intensity often display a phenotype known as the “shade tolerance syndrome (STS)”. This syndrome is similar to the phenotype of plants in the juvenile phase of shoot development, but the basis for this similarity is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the STS is regulated by the same mechanism that regulates the juvenile vegetative phase by examining the effect of LL on rosette development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that LL prolonged the juvenile vegetative phase and that this was associated with an increase in the expression of the master regulators of vegetative phase change, miR156 and miR157, and a decrease in the expression of their SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) targets. Exogenous sucrose partially corrected the effect of LL on seedling development and miR156 expression. Our results suggest that the response of Arabidopsis to LL is mediated by an increase in miR156/miR157 expression and by factors that repress SPL gene expression independently of miR156/miR157, and is caused in part by a decrease in carbohydrate production. The effect of LL on vegetative phase change does not require the photoreceptors and transcription factors responsible for the shade avoidance syndrome, implying that light intensity and light quality regulate rosette development through different pathways.
#ChurchInAction: more than a hashtag, it is an activism
Authors: Macaraan Willard Enrique R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In a letter to the editor, the authors have explored how the social media hashtag #ChurchInAction has become a narrative of the Philippine Church's social engagement with the poor during the pandemic and the public perception of its dynamism. But I argue that there is more to it than its perceived meaning. The hashtag plays a more political role as a symbol of activism against the emerging anti-church sentiment at the onset of intense lockdowns during the pandemic. More than just a display of Church prosocial engagement, the #ChurchInAction is embedded with connective and collective identity as in any activism against the critics of the Catholic institution.
The Rise of Neo-Abolitionism in Europe: Exploring the role of the Neoliberalism–Vulnerability–Security Nexus in the Prostitution Policies of the United Kingdom, Spain, France, and Ireland
Authors: Rubio Grundell Lucrecia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article explains the rise of neo-abolitionism in Europe with reference to the intersection that it enables between the gender and sexual politics of neoliberalism, vulnerability, and security. Analyzing the recent adoption of neo-abolitionist prostitution policies in the United Kingdom, Spain, France, and Ireland, it contends that neo-abolitionism offers a suitable response to the needs that globalized neoliberalism creates for European states, allowing them to extend their control, disguise their moral agenda, and reproduce their material and normative foundations, guaranteeing the reproduction of the population and accumulation of wealth while reasserting their sovereignty and political identity as progressive in gender and sexual terms.
Impact of successive spring frosts on leaf phenology and radial growth in three deciduous tree species with contrasting climate requirements in central Spain
Authors: Rubio-Cuadrado Álvaro , Camarero J Julio , Rodríguez-Calcerrada Jesús , Perea Ramón , Gómez Cristina , Montes Fernando , Gil Luis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRear-edge tree populations forming the equatorward limit of distribution of temperate species are assumed to be more adapted to climate variability than central (core) populations. However, climate is expected to become more variable and the frequency of climate extremes is forecasted to increase. Climatic extreme events such as heat waves, dry spells and spring frosts could become more frequent, and negatively impact and jeopardize rear-edge stands. To evaluate these ideas, we analyzed the growth response of trees to successive spring frosts in a mixed forest, where two temperate deciduous species, Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak), both at their southernmost edge, coexist with the Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica Willd. (Pyrenean oak). Growth reductions in spring-frost years ranked across species as F. sylvatica &gt; Q. petraea &gt; Q. pyrenaica. Leaf flushing occurred earlier in F. sylvatica and later in Q. pyrenaica, suggesting that leaf phenology was a strong determinant of spring frost damage and stem growth reduction. The frost impact depended on prior climate conditions, since warmer days prior to frost occurrence predisposed to frost damage. Autumn Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data showed delayed leaf senescence in spring-frost years and subsequent years as compared with pre-frost years. In the studied forest, the negative impact of spring frosts on Q. petraea and especially on F. sylvatica growth, was considerably higher than the impacts due to drought. The succession of four spring frosts in the last two decades determined a trend of decreasing resistance of radial growth to frosts in F. sylvatica. The increased frequency of spring frosts might prevent the expansion and persistence of F. sylvatica in this rear-edge Mediterranean population.
The Autophagy-Related Gene CpAtg4 Is Required for Fungal Phenotypic Traits, Stress Tolerance, and Virulence in Cryphonectria parasitica
Authors: Li Ru , Zhao Lijiu , Li Shuangcai , Chen Fengyue , Qiu Jinfeng , Bai Lingyun , Chen Baoshan 
Published: May 2021

Autophagy is an evolutionarily ancient process wherein cells are able to break down intracellular contents to support normal physiology and development. Autophagosome formation is regulated by several different proteins, including the key cysteine protease Atg4. The contribution of Atg4 protein in the pathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, which causes blight in chestnut plants, has not been completely understood. In this context, we aimed to investigate the role of Atg4 during autophagy formation and their contribution to nonautophagic events in C. parasitica. By complementation assay, we determined that the CpAtg4 gene from C. parasitica was able to functionally complement the deletion of yeast Atg4. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay system, we confirmed that CpAtg4 and CpAtg8 directly interact with one another, and amino acids 377 to 409 of CpAtg4 were identified as being responsible for its binding with CpAtg8. The deletion mutant of CpAtg4 did not demonstrate positive monodansylcadaverine staining, which indicated that CpAtg4 is required for autophagy in C. parasitica. Moreover, the ΔCpAtg4 strain exhibited a decrease in aerial hyphae formation and sporulation, and reduction in virulence on apple and chestnut stem. The ΔCpAtg4 strains were also more sensitive to H2O2 and Congo red-induced stress. We further determined that amino acids 377 to 409 of CpAtg4 were essential for the function of CpAtg4 in vivo. Together, our findings indicated that CpAtg4 is required for the autophagy formation, fungal phenotypic traits, stress tolerance, and virulence in C. parasitica.
Iron Superoxide Dismutase is Upregulated in Response to Antibiotic Challenge in Multi‐Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Damo Steven , Pattanayek Rekha , Amoah Kofi , Boone RaNashia , Mittal Anisha , Teran Adriana , Whitehead Briana , Mandape Sammed , Pratap Siddharth , Davis Jamaine , Dent Lemuel , Marshall Dana , Gaddy Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2021

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic gram‐negative human pathogen. Underscoring the threat to global health is the observation of isolates of A. baumannii that are resistant to all known antibiotics. Multidrug resistant A. baumannii is a leading cause of nosocomial infections and can lead to increased mortality and length of stay. To address this public health problem, there is a need to develop new therapeutics. Our approach is to identify potential drug targets by characterizing molecular mechanisms that contribute to the antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii. To achieve this, we leverage a collated bank of 247 isolates (72% are multi‐drug resistant) of A. baumannii from patients at Nashville General Hospital. Isolate MMC4 (Meharry Medical College Isolate 4) is resistant to >25 antibiotics and hence represents an ideal system for dissecting the molecular origins of antibiotic resistance. Here we report the identification of superoxide dismutase B (SodB) as an important antibiotic resistance factor along with its biochemical characterization and high‐resolution crystal structure. Isolate MMC4 was subjected to proteomic analysis in the presence and absence of antibiotic challenge using multidimensional protein identification technology. SodB showed the greatest differential protein expression, a greater than 40 fold increase in response to antibiotic challenge. SodB is an enzyme that protects bacteria from oxidative stress by dismutating highly reactive superoxide radicals. While the superoxide dismutase family has been extensively studied, little is known about A. baumannii SodB. We expressed SodB recombinantly from E. coli and purified it to >95% homogeneity. We evaluated the activity of SodB using a tetrazolium salt assay and established it is an iron dependent enzyme using inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry. We also determined the structure of SodB with iron bound to 1.45 angstroms resolution. The crystal belonged to the C121 monoclinic space group with unit cell sides (angstroms) and angles (degrees) 97.28, 40.74, 76.63 and 90, 123, 90, respectively. In total, these data establish the importance of protection from oxidative stress in antibiotic resistant A. baumannii and provide the first steps for a structure‐based drug design approach to target inhibition of SodB as a therapeutic strategy.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by National Science Foundation HRD1547757, National Institutes of Health R25MD010396 and R01HD090061, and Office of Medical Research, Department of Veterans Affairs IK2BX001701.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effectiveness of the Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention on Feeding Performance, Duration of Hospital Stay, and Weight of Preterm Neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Thabet Amina Mohamed , Sayed Zahra Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Background
Most preterm neonates are unable to achieve independent oral feeding and are fed using tubes. Premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) is effective in initiating early oral feeding and reducing hospital stays.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PIOMI on feeding performance, duration of hospital stay, and weight of preterm neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods
This was a parallel randomized controlled trial conducted in Egypt. Sixty preterm neonates born between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation were randomly selected (30 in the study group and 30 in the control group). The study was conducted at the NICU in Sohag, Egypt, over 3 months from October to December 2019. Two tools were used: demographic data of preterm neonates according to gestational age, sex, weight, and diagnosis, and PIOMI.

Results
Among the preterm neonates in the study group, full oral feeding was achieved significantly earlier (P = .03), milk leakage decreased significantly (P = .001), weight was significantly higher (P = .018), and the duration of hospital stay was significantly lower (P = .014) than that in the control group.

Conclusion
Premature infant oral motor intervention was effective in improving preterm neonates' feeding performance, reducing the duration of hospital stay, and increasing their weight. This study recommended that a training program for nurses in the NICU about PIOMI for preterm neonates be conducted, along with training of the parents to use PIOMI and the implementation of policies in the NICU to conduct PIOMI as a part of daily routine preterm neonatal care.
Critical Care Nurses' Qualitative Reports of Experiences With Physician Behaviors, Nursing Issues, and Other Obstacles in End-of-Life Care
Authors: Beckstrand Renea L. , Willmore Elizabeth E. , Macintosh Janelle L.B. , Luthy Karlen E. (Beth) 
Published: May 2021

Background
Critical care nurses (CCNs) frequently provide end of life (EOL) care in intensive care units (ICUs). Obstacles to EOL care in ICUs exist and have been previously published along with reports from CCNs. Further data exploring obstacles faced during ICU EOL care may increase awareness of common EOL obstacles. Research focusing on obstacles related to physician behaviors and nursing issues (and others) may provide improvement of care.

Objective
The aim of this study was to gather first-hand data from CCNs regarding obstacles related to EOL care.

Methods
A random, geographically dispersed sample of 2000 members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses was surveyed. Responses from an item asking CCNs to tell us of the obstacles they experience providing EOL care to dying patients were analyzed.

Results
There were 104 participants who provided 146 responses to this item reflecting EOL obstacles. These obstacles were divided into 11 themes; 6 physician-related obstacles and 5 nursing- and other related obstacles. Major EOL ICU barrier themes were inadequate physician communication, physicians giving false hope, poor nurse staffing, and inadequate EOL care education for nurses.

Discussion and Conclusion
Poor physician communication was the main obstacle noted by CCNs during ICU EOL care, followed by physicians giving false hope. Heavy patient workloads with inadequate staffing were also a major barrier in CCNs providing EOL care.
An Ethics Early Action Protocol to Promote Teamwork and Ethics Efficacy
Authors: Pavlish Carol L. , Brown-Saltzman Katherine , Robinson Ellen M. , Henriksen Joan , Warda Umme Shefa , Farra Christopher , Chen Belinda , Jakel Patricia 
Published: May 2021

Background
Moral dilemmas and ethical conflicts occur in critical care. Negative consequences include misunderstandings, mistrust, patient and family suffering, clinician moral distress, and patient safety concerns. Providing an opportunity for team-based ethics assessments and planning could improve communication and reduce moral distress.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to explore whether an early action ethics intervention affects intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians' moral distress, ethics self-efficacy, and perceptions of hospital climate and to compare nurses' and physicians' scores on moral distress, ethics self-efficacy, and ethical climate at 3 time points.

Methods
Intensive care unit nurses and physicians were asked to complete surveys on moral distress, ethics self-efficacy, and ethical climate before implementing the ethics protocol in 6 ICUs. We measured responses to the same 3 surveys at 3 and 6 months after the protocol was used.

Results
At baseline, nurses scored significantly higher than physicians in moral distress and significantly lower in ethics self-efficacy. Plot graphs revealed that nurses' and physicians' outcome scores trended toward one another. At 3 and 6 months post intervention, nurse and physician scores changed differently in moral distress and ethics self-efficacy. When examining nurse and physician scores separately over time, we found nurses' scores in moral distress and moral distress frequency decreased significantly over time and ethics self-efficacy and ethics climate increased significantly over time. Physicians' scores did not change significantly.

Discussion
This study indicates that routine, team-based ethics assessment and planning opens a space for sharing information, which could decrease nurses' moral distress and increase their ethics self-efficacy. This, in turn, can potentially promote teamwork and reduce burnout.