bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarocladium oryzae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brady B. L. K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Sarocladium oryzae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Oryza sativa
(rice). DISEASE: Sheath rot. This occurs in the upper leaf sheath enclosing young panicles and starts as oblong or irregular lesions with brownish margins and greyish centres, 0.5-1.5 cm long, which later enlarge and coalesce. Whitish mycelium may be seen in the centre of the lesions and occasionally inside the rotted sheaths. Severely affected panicles do not emerge, the effect being known as choking. The symptoms are evidently indistinguishable from those associated with
S. attenuatum
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Bangladesh, Brunei, Kenya, Nigeria. Although it is not always possible when '
Acrocydndrium oryzae
' is reported in the earlier literature to know whether
S. oryzae
or
S. attenuatum
is intended, the distribution of the former extends into S.E. Asia and the latter into N. America. TRANSMISSION: By conidial dispersal. Fungal attack is often associated with damage by pests - the boring beetle,
Corticarina gibbosa
(Amin
et al.
) or the mite
Steneotarsonemus madecassus
(Hsieh
et al.
, 1977 with '
Acrocylindrium oryzae
') and
S. spinki
(Chien & Huang, 1979).
Peronospora antirrhini
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Francis S. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Peronospora antirrhini
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Antirrhinum majus, A. nuttallianum, Misopates orontium
. DISEASE: Downy mildew of antirrhinum. This is mainly a disease of seedlings and young plants. The infection is systemic and affected plants appear stunted and pale yellowish-green. The leaves are curled inwards and droop down. Conidiophores develop on the lower surface forming a fine white to purple down. In heavy infections the down is found on both leaf surfaces and also on the stems. The growing point may be killed and then plants often break from the base and produce several new shoots. Conidia can cause secondary infections on the leaves of older plants especially in conditions of high humidity. These appear as pale yellowish spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide, see CMI Map No. 222 ed. 2, 1971. TRANSMISSION: Seed transmission by oospores was tentatively suggested by Yarwood (1947). Moore & Moore (1952) refer to circumstantial evidence but say there is no definite proof.
Peronospora antirrhini
is not recorded as a seed pathogen by Richardson (1979) but Neergaard (1977) points out that for seed-borne infection of a downy mildew to be effective all that is needed is a mere trace of the fungus on the seed. As Yarwood (1947) indicates, terminal infections of flowering plants could easily contaminate seed.
Peronospora arborescens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Francis S. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Peronospora arborescens
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Papaver alpinum, P. dubium, P. caucasicum, P. nudicaule, P. rhoeas, P. somniferum, P. setigerum, Meconopsis
spp. DISEASE: Downy mildew of the opium poppy,
Papaver somniferum
. Seedlings if attacked usually succumb. In older plants the infection may be systemic with all parts of the plant, including the growing point, affected. In Berkeley's original diagnosis of the pathogen on
P. rhoeas
he described infected plants as 'having a peculiar aspect by which they may be known at a distance'. The leaves appear greenish-yellow, thickened and deformed. Conidiophores develop as a greyish violet felt on the lower surface of the leaves and in severe attacks appear on the stems, buds and capsules. Local secondary infections also occur usually on the lower leaves and here the pathogen forms rather angular chlorotic blotches on the upper leaf surface. These are often associated with the larger veins. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Algeria, Egypt); Asia (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan (USSR), India, Iran, Japan, Turkey, Pakistan); Australasia (Australia); Europe (widespread); S. America (Argentina). TRANSMISSION: Authors agree that diseased plant debris remaining in the fields can infect a subsequent crop and that the practice of using this debris to manure the ground is to be deprecated. Opinions differ on the part that the oospores, which are formed in profusion in all aerial parts, play in this primary infection. Neither Behr (1956) nor Kothari & Prasad (1970) were able to germinate resting spores. Behr considered that they had no part in disease transmission. Kothari & Prasad (1970), however, in a series of field experiments obtained indirect evidence that oospores present in the soil could become infective one year after their formation. The role of infected seed in transmitting the disease is also disputed. Yossifovitch (1929) and Kothari & Prasad (1970) suggested that infected seed is not important while Behr (1956) showed that perennating mycelium was present in the seed from diseased crops. Alavi (1975), in experiments made over several years on farms in Iran, reported a high probability that the disease was transmitted by seeds.
Erwinia rubrifaciens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Erwinia rubrifaciens
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Juglans regia
. DISEASE: Bacterial phloem canker of walnut. Dark brown to black streaks form along the inner bark and outer sapwood of trunks and main branches. The cambium is often involved and many black pits are produced in the outer layers of sapwood. Occasionally black streaks develop in the xylem immediately below. At places the bark is killed outward to the periderm, which breaks at these points and a dark slimy liquid exudes and runs down, staining the surface. In serious cases the streaks coalesce into broad necrotic bands. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: USA (California). TRANSMISSION: Principally by mechanical harvesters. The shaking pads, which cause characteristic wounds, frequently transmit the bacteria (56, 5825). Orchards not mechanically harvested show little disease. The bacteria can be disseminated up to about 6 m by wind and rain, but they are less likely to gain entrance to the phloem by this route, and the trees are more difficult to infect in the winter, when rains fall (52, 4235). Birds that feed on the sap are suspected of transmitting the disease, as it is found associated with their holes, but the organism has not been found on the birds.
Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Taylor E. H. , Bradbury J. F. , Preece T. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On begonias. Reiger-type are most susceptible, but the disease is also reported on rhizomatous, fibrous, tuberous and winter flowering hybrid varieties (Harri
et al.
, 1975; 54, 3343). DISEASE: Bacterial wilt and leaf spot of begonias. Symptoms first appear as small isolated spots, most easily seen on the undersides of the leaves concentrated near the margins. The spots run parallel to main veins. They enlarge, become water-soaked and eventually coalesce if conditions are very moist. The result is a soft rot often leading to premature abscission of the leaves. The stems are also affected and vascular systems invaded (Digat & Vidalie 1975; 54, 3343). Blossom infection occurs (54, 3343) and young cuttings are affected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Rather scattered. Present in Canada, USA, St. Vincent, Brazil, parts of Western Europe, India, Japan, Iran, Australia and New Zealand (CMI Map 413, ed. 2, 1980). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen can survive in host plants during periods of latency (Digat & Vidalie, 1975) and in dead begonia leaf debris for at least 12 months (54, 878). The bacteria are carried from plant to plant at watering, either by splashing or being taken in through the roots (Harri
et al.
, 1975). Entry into the plant is also through the hydathodes of the leaf margins (54, 3343; Digat & Vidalie, 1975), or less frequently through stomata under conditions of water congestion (Stann. 1961).
Penicillium brevicompactum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Penicillium brevicompactum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Found on dried pulses and cereals (Pitt & Hocking, 1985). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, as a soil species and in decaying vegetation in many areas.
Penicillium camembertii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Penicillium camembertii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Found mainly on cheese (Beuchat, 1987). DISEASES: On man:
P. camembertii
has been implicated in cheese-washers disease (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Only found in the local environment where soft cheeses are made.
Inocybe cervicolor
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Treu Roland 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Inocybe cervicolor
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ectomycorrhizal, under conifers and deciduous trees. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe. TRANSMISSION: Via airborne basidiospores.
Mortierella hyalina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mortierella hyalina
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: From soil. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; encountered as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Antarctica, Australia, Canada, China, Corsica, France, Germany, India, Netherlands, Sweden, UK, USA (Oregon). TRANSMISSION: Movement of soil, or water-borne dispersal of sporangiospores.
Mucor amphibiorum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mucor amphibiorum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Toads (
Bufo marinus
) and platypus (
Ornithorhychus anatinus
); also isolated from soil. DISEASE: Zygomycosis and ulcerative dermatitis (i.e. mycoses). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia. TRANSMISSION: Movement of soil, or water-borne dispersal of sporangiospores.
Mucor plumbeus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mucor plumbeus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: From grain and soil. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; encountered as a secondary invader or as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Kenya, Libya, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Switzerland, Uganda, USA (California, New Jersey, New York, Michigan, Pennsylvania), former USSR, former Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: Movement of soil, or water-borne dispersal of sporangiospores.
Cercospora mikaniicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cercospora mikaniicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Mikania cordata, Mikania micrantha
(
Asteraceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot and stem canker. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Brazil, Cuba, Colombia, Fiji, Guadalcanal, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Malaysia, Niue, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, USA (Florida), Vanuatu. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are presumably air-dispersed but there are no detailed studies.
Pseudocercospora jasminicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora jasminicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Jasminum grandiflorum, J. humile, J. pubescens, J. malabaricum, J. mesnyi, J. multiforum, J. odoratissimum, J
.
officinale, J. rigidum, J. sambac, J. subtriplinerve
(
Oleaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf blight, leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Guatemala, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Philippines, Salvador, Taiwan, USA (Florida), Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersal of conidia.
Pseudocercospora neriella
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora neriella
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Nerium indicum, Nerium oleander
(
Apocynaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Cyprus, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Israel, Russia, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tunisia, USA (Florida), Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.
Pseudocercospora punicae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora punicae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Punica granatum
(pomegranate) (
Punicaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot, shot-hole. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda, Brazil, China, Cuba, Dominica, Egypt, Ethiopia, Hawaii, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Republic of Maldives, Singapore, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, USA (Florida), Venezuela, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersal of conidia.
Pseudocercospora rhapidicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora rhapidicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Rhapis excelsa, R. flabelliformis
(
Arecaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan, Taiwan, USA (California, Florida and Hawaii). TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.
Fusarium nygamai
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium nygamai
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Typically isolated from soil, roots of sorghum, millet, cotton,
Phaseolus
, etc. and plant debris. Reported to infect
Striga hermonthica
in sorghum (Abbasher & Sauerborn, 1992). DISEASE: Not normally regarded as an economic plant pathogen, although it may cause reduction in
Striga
population levels. Occasionally an opportunistic pathogen of humans (Krulder
et al.
, 1996). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Namibia, Nigeria, Republic of South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe; Australasia: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territories), China (76, 4386), Malaysia (Salleh & Strange, 1988), Thailand; Americas: Puerto Rico, USA (75, 7565; 76, 6666). This species appears to be widespread in arid, tropical soils. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be dispersed by movement of contaminated soil or plant debris.
Coccomyces tumidus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Coccomyces tumidus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Coccomyces tumidus
is found on dead fallen leaves which are often beneath the surface of the leaf litter, and which often adhere to other adjacent leaves (making it, incidentally, rather infrequently recorded, although it seems to be not rare). Sometimes one or perhaps more other fungi are also present in the same pale areas. HOSTS: Leaves of
Acer
sp.,
Betula
sp.,
Castanea sativa, Castanea
sp.,
Fagus sylvatica, Fagus
sp.,
Gaultheria shallon, Populus tremula, P. tremuloides, Populus
sp.,
Quercus faginea, Q. garryana, Q. pedunculata, Q. rubra, Q. sessiliflora, Quercus
sp.,
Rubus setosus, Rubus
sp. (stem). Most records are on members of the
Fagaceae
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Belgium, Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario), Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Morocco, Poland, Rumania, Sweden, UK (England, Wales), USA (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Virginia, Washington). Several unsuccessful searches for this fungus in southern Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, most records of open ascocarps containing ascospores are from late summer and early autumn, suggesting that the fungus only infects senescent leaves just prior to natural leaf fall.
Rhytisma umbonatum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Rhytisma umbonatum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Tarspot disease of willows. Compared with
Rhytisma salicinum
(IMI Description 1339) very little information is available about the time of fruiting of this species, though it is probably rather similar. HOSTS: Leaves of
Salix caspica, Salix exigua, Salix fluviatilis, Salix longifolia, Salix purpurea, Salix viminalis, Salix
sp.
Rhytisma umbonatum
seems to occur mostly on the rather narrow-leaved willows. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Czech Republic, Republic of Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India (Himachal Pradesh), Italy, Latvia, Rumania, Russia (Orenburg Oblast), USA (Washington. Wyoming), Ukraine. Altitude records exist up to 2700m (India) and 2200m (USA). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.
Leptosphaeria protearum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Taylor J. E. , Crous P. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Leptosphaeria protearum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Protea caffra, P. cynaraides, P. compacta, P. gaguedi, P. grandiceps, P. lacticolor, P. lepidocarpodendron, P. lorifolia, P. magnifica, P. punctata, P. repens, Protea
spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot often resembling a leaf blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Hawaii. TRANSMISSION: Propagules are probably wind and splash dispersed.
Teratosphaeria proteae-arboreae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Taylor J. E. , Crous P. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Teratosphaeria proteae-arboreae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Protea nitida, P. neriifolia, P. maginigica
hybrid. DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa. TRANSMISSION: Probably wind dispersed.
Trimmatostroma macowanii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Taylor J. E. , Crous P. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Trimmatostroma macowanii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Protea angolensis, P. nitida, P. petiolaris, Protea
spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Malawi, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: Probably splash-dispersed.
Meliola guatteriae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez M. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Meliola guatteriae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although
Meliola guatteriae
occurs on living leaves, it does not produce symptoms of any disease in the host. HOSTS:
Guatteria cubensis
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cuba. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.
Meliola trichostroma
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez M. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Meliola trichostroma
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Meliola trichostroma
parasitizes a cultivated plant very frequent in tropical America, but without the production of evident symptoms of any disease in the host. HOSTS:
Psidium araca, P. guajava, P. guineense, P. pomiferum
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, British Guiana, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.
Valsa cypri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Valsa cypri
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Little is known about the relation between this fungus and the plants it inhabits. Like the two subspecies of
V. ambiens
, also recorded from the Oleaceae this fungus may occasionally be found on dying twigs and therefore may have some role as a weak parasite. HOSTS: Oleaceae:
Fraxinus, Ligustrum, Olea, Syringa
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia. Europe: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: Both conidia and ascospores are air-borne, especially under humid conditions.