bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersion‐Bound Isolated Dimers in the Gas Phase: Observation of the Shortest Intermolecular CH⋅⋅⋅H−C Distance via Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Maué Dominique , Strebert Patrick H. , Bernhard Dominic , Rösel Sören , Schreiner Peter R. , Gerhards Markus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe triphenylmethane and all‐meta tert‐butyl triphenylmethane dimers, (TPM)2 and (T tBuPM)2, respectively, were studied with ionization loss stimulated Raman spectroscopy in molecular beam experiments to resolve structure sensitive vibrations. This answers the question whether the recently reported linear head‐to‐head arrangement in (T tBuPM)2 results from crystal packing or prevails also in the gas phase, and therefore must result from extraordinarily strong London dispersion (LD) interactions. Our study clearly demonstrates that the head‐to‐head arrangement is maintained even under isolated molecular beam conditions in the absence of crystal packing effects. The central Raman‐active aliphatic C−D vibration of appropriately deuterated (T tBuPM)2 associated with an unusually short C−D⋅⋅⋅D−C distance exhibits a strong blue‐shift compared to the undisturbed case. As the LD stabilizing tert‐butyl groups are absent in (TPM)2, it displays an approximately S6‐symmetric tail‐to‐tail arrangement.
Strong Lewis and Brønsted Acidic Sites in the Borosulfate Mg3[H2O→B(SO4)3]2
Authors: Netzsch Philip , Stroh Regina , Pielnhofer Florian , Krossing Ingo , Höppe Henning A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBorosulfates provide fascinating structures and properties that go beyond a pure analogy to silicates. Mg3[H2O→B(SO4)3]2 is the first borosulfate featuring a boron atom solely coordinated by three tetrahedra. Thus, the free Lewis acidic site forms a Lewis acid–base adduct with a water molecule. This is unprecedented for borosulfate chemistry and even for borates. Quantum chemical calculations on water exchange reactions with BF3 and B(C6F5)3 revealed a higher Lewis acidity for the borosulfate anion. Moreover, proton exchange reactions showed a higher Brønsted acidity than comparable silicates or phosphates. Additionally, Mg3[H2O→B(SO4)3]2 was characterised by X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Endogenous Symbiotic Li3N/Cellulose Skin to Extend the Cycle Life of Lithium Anode
Authors: Luo Yang , Li Tianyu , Zhang Hongzhang , Liu Wei , Zhang Xiaoben , Yan Jingwang , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNitrocellulose (NC) is proposed to stabilize the electrolytes for Li metal batteries. The nitro group of NC preferentially reacts with Li metal, and along with the cellulose skeleton is tightly wrapped on the surface, so that the polymer–inorganic double layer is formed on the Li surface. XPS profile analysis and corroborative cryo‐environmental TEM reveal that the flexible outer layer of the bilayer is a C‐O organic layer, while the dense inner layer is mainly composed of crystalline lithium oxide, lithium oxynitride, and lithium nitride. The Li deposition process was observed via in situ optical microscopy, which indicated that the NC‐derived bilayer facilitates the uniform deposition of Li ions and inhibits the growth of dendrites. After the introduction of NC into the electrolyte, the cycle life of the Li battery is twice than that of the Li battery without NC at 1.0 and 3.0 mA cm−2.
Fabrication and evaluation of hydrophilic cross‐linked polystyrene nanoparticles as a potential in‐depth conformance control agent for low‐permeability reservoirs
Authors: He Jie , Chen Qingmei , Zhao Wei , Chen Fu , Shao Minglu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo address the poor injectivity of conventional chemicals, and the drawbacks of existing nanoparticles (NPs) in in‐depth conformance control in low‐permeability reservoirs, a hydrophilic cross‐linked polystyrene NPs named as CPSAs was fabricated via emulsion polymerization in this study. The reaction conditions were determined through orthogonal experiments, and the influence of each condition on the particle size of CPSAs was investigated with single factor experiments. The results showed that CPSAs with the mean diameter ranging from 73 to 95 nm could be readily produced by moderately changing the polymerization conditions, and the yield could be larger than 80%. The property evaluation results indicated that CPSAs can disperse well under reservoir conditions and was able to properly propagate to deep formation and block breakthrough regions, revealing the good injectivity and in‐depth conformance control capability in low‐permeability reservoirs.
Creep mechanical properties and creep model of high water material under step loading
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Liu Changwu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh water material, a kind of filling and supporting material, is widely used in underground engineering, whose creep mechanical properties are directly related to the underground engineering stability. In this paper, creep tests of different types of high water material are carried out. The results show that: for the complete specimen and the single and double crack specimens with crack inclination angles of 0°, 30°, and 60°, the curves present initial elastic, creep attenuation and creep stabilization in the first four stages, and the creep acceleration appears in the fifth stage, leading to the final failure of the specimen; for the single and double crack specimens with a crack inclination angle of 90°, no creep acceleration appears. According to the test results, a new nonlinear viscoplastic body is proposed, and connected with the traditional Nishihara model, forming the nonlinear Nishihara model. The new model can clearly describe the creep characteristics of complete and cracked specimens at different stages. Finally, according to the new creep model, crack parameters are discussed with the creep rate index and the starting time of accelerated failure.
Green analogs of polybutadienes from carbon dioxide and epoxy‐based feedstocks
Authors: Kansal Dhwani , Abouomar Ramadan , Rabnawaz Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolybutadiene has widespread use as a commodity as well as a specialty polymer, but currently, it is prepared from non‐renewable feedstocks. Herein, we report the synthesis of rubbery unsaturated polycarbonates (RUPCs) as green alternatives for polybutadiene. We prepared two RUPCs (respectively, denoted as RUPC1 and RUPC2) via the copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and a mixture of saturated and unsaturated long‐chain epoxides using a Co(III) catalyst. The RUPCs were reacted with a styrene monomer via free‐radical polymerization to prepare RUPC‐graft‐Polystyrene. All of the prepared polymers were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. For RUPC, the number average molecular weight (Mn) increased by three‐fold after the grafting reaction. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the RUPCs were low (~ −40°C) and approached those of polybutadienes. After polystyrene chains had been grafted onto the RUPC backbone, the Tg increased to 81°C. These green RUPCs have the potential to replace non‐renewable polybutadiene in some applications such as high impact materials.
An Overview on Protecting Metal Anodes with Alloy‐Type Coating
Authors: Touja Justine , Louvain Nicolas , Stievano Lorenzo , Monconduit Laure , Berthelot Romain 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current revival of lithium metal batteries (LMB) has been driven by both the search for high energy‐density systems and the development of solid‐state batteries. Lithium electrode surface engineering is crucial to limit both the dendritic growth and the electrolyte reduction. Among the various strategies to obtain protecting layers, there has been a recent growing interest in metal coatings forming alloys with lithium. Here, various strategies to coat lithium and other metal electrodes (sodium, potassium and magnesium) are reviewed and discussed with respect to their efficiency, versatility, and their possible practical transfer to the battery industry.
Entwicklung eines sensorintegrierten Verbundankers zur Überwachung der Befestigungssituation
Authors: Horn Sebastian , Gwosch Thomas , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDer vorliegende Artikel stellt die Mechatronisierung eines herkömmlichen Verbundankersystems zur Integration einer sensorischen Zusatzfunktion für die zukünftige Überwachung von Befestigungssituationen vor. Hierzu wird die zentrale Fragestellung beantwortet, ob es möglich ist, Sensoren zur Zustandskontrolle der Befestigungssituation in ein chemisches Befestigungsmittel zu integrieren. Mit Erkenntnissen aus vorangegangenen Untersuchungen zu den Funktionsmechanismen und möglichen Designräumen in Verbundankern auf Vinylesterbasis werden Sensorelemente in solche Anker integriert. Um dies zu erreichen, werden relevante Schadensmechanismen ausgewählt, Randbedingungen für die Mechatronisierung eines Befestigungsmittels definiert und ein geeignetes physikalisches Messprinzip ausgewählt. Mit diesen Ergebnissen wird ein Sensorelement entworfen und in einen herkömmlichen Verbundanker auf Vinylesterbasis integriert. Dieses Sensorelement wird mit einer eigens hierfür entwickelten Messelektronik in einem Kalibrierprüfstand verifiziert. Durch die Validierung des Systems mit zentrischen Auszugsversuchen kann gezeigt werden, dass der integrierte kapazitive Abstandssensor die Detektion der Verbundankerverschiebung ermöglicht.
An interactive user interface for a structural analysis software using computer graphics techniques in MATLAB
Authors: C. Lopes Pedro , L. Rangel Rafael , Martha Luiz F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an interactive graphics tool for the structural analysis of one‐dimensional element models, such as trusses, frames, and grillages. The focus is on the creation of a graphical user interface for a previously developed analysis solver. This graphical interface is entirely implemented in the MATLAB environment and features intuitive resources so that modeling and verification of results become easy tasks for students and engineers. The management of mouse events and the adopted solutions to basic computer graphics issues that arise from interactive modeling in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional canvases are discussed, including the strategies to pick objects in spatial coordinates and to identify crossing elements. The result is a new educational software that proved to be a very useful application in structural analysis and introductory computer graphics courses for engineering. The article also presents examples of using the software as an educational tool.
ZNF667 attenuates leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion via downregulation of P‐selectin in skin flap following remote limb ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Chen Zhuang , Liu Haifen , Li Yuanbin , Zhou Zhangfu , Qiu Jizhe , Tang Yi , Cui Taotao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe assessed the effects and potential mechanism of romote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on leukocytes‐endothelium cell adhesion in the flap microvessel after ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury. Eight hours after reperfusion, edema and intravascular leukocyte aggregation were reduced and microvessels were more obvious in the group with superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) perforator flap (SIEA‐flap) subjected to RIPC than in the I/R group. Zinc finger protein 667 (ZNF667) was significantly increased but P‐selectin was decreased in the flaps subjected to RIPC, compared to those in the I/R group. The low expression of P‐selectin was associated with ZNF667 expression and activation in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in response to hypoxic preconditioning. ZNF667 bound to the P‐selectin promoter region, suppressing its transcription through a special core sequence. The ablation of P‐selectin by small interfering RNA effectively prevented the leukocytes‐endothelium cell adhesion effect of ZNF667‐knockdown. ZNF667 upregulation attenuates leukocyte‐endothelial cell adhesion by negatively regulating the expression of P‐selectin in SIEA‐flap subjected to RIPC.
Salmonella osteomyelitis complicating aseptic osteonecrosis: Don’t forget about the antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Daoud Fatma , Rachdi Imène , Frikha Olfa , Ben Salah Mohamed , Charaa Soumaya , Zoubeidi Hana , Somai Mehdi , Hadhri Khaled , Kooli Mondher , Chammakhi Chiraz , Boussema Fatma 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOsteonecrosis in antiphospholipid syndrome is a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Early diagnosis and intervention are important for better prognosis.
Case report of a pseudo‐isodicentric chromosome 9 resulting in mosaic trisomy 9
Authors: Beaudry Sarah M. , Shchelochkov Oleg , Trapane Pamela , Darbro Benjamin , Nagy Jaime M. W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to the variable presentation of mosaic chromosomal abnormalities, cases such as this are needed to define the phenotypic spectrum. It also highlights the importance of chromosome analysis to identify structural abnormalities that result in aneuploidy.
Cytopathology of bronchoalveolar lavages in COVID‐19 pneumonia: A pilot study
Authors: Canini Valentina , Bono Francesca , Calzavacca Paolo , Capitoli Giulia , Foti Giuseppe , Fraggetta Filippo , Galimberti Stefania , Gianatti Andrea , Giani Marco , Nasr Ahmed , Paciocco Giuseppe , Pagni Fabio , Rona Roberto , L’Imperio Vincenzo 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUNDBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) may provide additional and complementary findings for the management of these patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). This study addresses the cytological features of the infection and highlights the more influential inflammatory components. The correlation between pathological variables and clinical data is also analyzed.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of the cytopathological features of BAL in 20 COVID‐19 patients and 20 members of a matched cohort from a critical ICU who had acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by other pulmonary conditions.RESULTSA comparison of the controls (n = 20) and the COVID‐19 patients (n = 20) revealed that the latter had a higher neutrophil count (median, 63.8% of the cell count) with lower percentages of macrophages and lymphocytes. An increase in the expression of CD68‐positive, monocytic multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) was reported; megakaryocytes were not detected on CD61 staining. Perls staining showed isolated elements. In situ RNA analysis demonstrated scattered chromogenic signals in type II pneumocytes. An ultrastructural analysis confirmed the presence of intracytoplasmic vacuoles containing rounded structures measuring 140 nm in diameter (putative viral particles). In COVID‐19 patients, the clinicopathological correlation revealed a positive correlation between lactate dehydrogenase values and MGCs (r = 0.54).CONCLUSIONSThe analysis of BAL samples might be implemented as a routine practice for the evaluation of COVID‐19 patients in ICUs in the appropriate clinical scenario. Additional studies using a larger sample size of patients who developed COVID‐19 during the second wave of the epidemic in the autumn of 2020 are needed to further support our findings.
Clinical validation of a novel bioluminescence imaging technology for aiding the assessment of carious lesion activity status
Authors: Pitts Nigel , Shanks Neil , Longbottom Christopher , Willins Marjory , Vernon Bruce 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesClinical validation of a bioluminescence imaging system (Cis) as measured by the level of agreement between clinician visual and tactile assessment of carious lesion presence and activity and the presence/absence of elevated luminescence on a tooth surface determined from intraoral image mapping.Materials and MethodsThis was a regulatory clinical study designed in consultation with the FDA. The design was a prospective, five‐investigator, nonrandomized, post‐approval, clinical study utilizing the Cis to provide images of elevated calcium ion concentration (indicative of active demineralization) on tooth surfaces via use of a photoprotein. Imaged teeth were identified as “sound” or having “active lesions.” Images were scored independently for luminescence.ResultsA total of 110 participants aged 7–74 years were imaged. Of the 90 teeth assessed as “sound,” 88 were deemed to show no luminescence by the reviewing investigator, a negative percentage agreement of 97.8% (significantly >50% agreement [p < .0001]; one‐sided 97.5% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9220). Of the 86 teeth initially assessed as having an “active lesion,” 78 were deemed to show luminescence by the reviewing investigator, a positive percentage agreement of 90.7% (significantly >50% agreement [p < .0001]; 97.5% CI: 0.8249). There were no patient‐related adverse events.ConclusionsResults show, with a high level of agreement, that Cis can differentiate tooth surfaces clinically identified as involving active enamel lesions (ICDAS code 2/3), from sound sites (biochemically equivalent to inactive lesions) and that the system is safe for clinical use.
Flame‐Retardant, Highly Conductive, and Low‐Temperature‐Resistant Organic Gel Electrolyte for High‐Performance All‐Solid Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Jijun , Li Xuelin , Yang Jianbo , Sun Weigang , Ban Qing , Gai Ligang , Gong Yingying , Xu Zhen , Liu Libin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraditional liquid electrolytes are volatile, flammable, and easy to leak, which makes the energy storage device easy to burn and explode in the case of overcharge and short circuit. Here, by utilizing the active P−H bond of a flame retardant (DOPO) to graft onto the polymer chain, flame‐retardant organic gel electrolytes were fabricated to address these issues. The gel electrolyte had good ionic conductivity of 4 mS cm−1 at 20 °C and good flame retardant ability. By changing the molar ratio of the monomers and the salt concentrations, the mechanical strength of the gel electrolyte could be adjusted (maximum stress≈28 KPa, maximum strain≈305 %). The transport mechanism of lithium ions in the gel polymer electrolyte was proposed. The gel electrolyte‐assembled supercapacitor (SC) possessed better electrochemical properties than that of SC assembled by liquid electrolyte. Importantly, the gel‐based SC remained basically unchanged under multiple bending cycles. Additionally, the gel electrolyte had good low‐temperature tolerance (0.1 mS cm−1 at −40 °C). The gel electrolyte‐assembled SC could work normally in the temperature range of −20 to 60 °C. The multiple advantages of gel electrolyte expand the applications in ionic conductor and energy storage devices.
Fractional CO2 laser‐assisted scar regeneration and repair: A review
Authors: Lei Ying , Gold Michael H. , Ouyang Hua‐Wei , Tan Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHypertrophic scars are one of the more difficult problems to treat in our clinical practice. In this review, we cover our approach, from basic science research in our laboratory to the clinical theater on how we approach and treat these patients to improve cosmetic appearance and functional capabilities for patients suffering from hypertrophic scars.
A cell‐free bioassay for the detection of androgens
Authors: Cooper Elliot R. , Hughes Gillian , Kauff Alexia , Sutherland Emma , Ashley Zoe , Heather Alison K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAndrogens remain abused performance‐enhancing drugs in sports. Technologies based on mass spectrometry can detect all forms of androgens but fail if the androgen represents a novel structure. A bioassay detects androgens based on function rather than structure. To date, there has been limited adoption of cell‐based in vitro bioassays as a screening tool for nontargeted androgen detection because they require expert personnel and specialized equipment to perform. We now describe the development of a cell‐free version of an androgen in vitro bioassay. Stage 1 involved in vitro transcription/translation reactions (IVTT) using a DNA template encoding an enhancer/androgen response element (ARE) regulatory region upstream of a minimal promoter that drives expression of a reporter protein. The assay detected testosterone across the concentration range of 106.7 to 0.0144 ng/ml (3.7 × 10−7 to 5 × 10−11 M), with an EC50 of 6.63 ng/ml (23 nM). To reduce complexity, Stages 2–4 of development included just in vitro transcription (IVT) reactions, whereby the output was an RNA molecule. Stage 2 involved directly labelling the RNA molecule with fluorophore‐labelled nucleotide triphosphates, Stage 3 involved reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the RNA molecule, and Stage 4 utilized an RNA aptamer, Mango II, as its RNA output. The Stage 4 product detected testosterone across the range of 106.7–0.0001 ng/ml (3.7 × 10−7 to 5 × 10−13 M), with an EC50 of 0.04 ng/ml (0.155 nM). Further to this, we show that the Stage 4 product can detect other androgenic molecules. Relative to cell‐based bioassays, the Stage 4 product is easy to perform and could be developed into a routine, high‐throughput, nontargeted androgen screen.
Diversity and characterization of bacterial communities of five co‐occurring species at a hydrothermal vent on the Tonga Arc
Authors: Lee Won‐Kyung , Juniper S. Kim , Perez Maëva , Ju Se‐Jong , Kim Se‐Joo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHost–symbiont relationships in hydrothermal vent ecosystems, supported by chemoautotrophic bacteria as primary producers, have been extensively studied. However, the process by which densely populated co‐occurring invertebrate hosts form symbiotic relationships with bacterial symbionts remains unclear. Here, we analyzed gill‐associated symbiotic bacteria (gill symbionts) of five co‐occurring hosts, three mollusks (“Bathymodiolus” manusensis, B. brevior, and Alviniconcha strummeri) and two crustaceans (Rimicaris variabilis and Austinograea alayseae), collected together at a single vent site in the Tonga Arc. We observed both different compositions of gill symbionts and the presence of unshared operational taxonomic units (OTUs). In addition, the total number of OTUs was greater for crustacean hosts than for mollusks. The phylogenetic relationship trees of gill symbionts suggest that γ‐proteobacterial gill symbionts have coevolved with their hosts toward reinforcement of host specificity, while campylobacterial Sulfurovum species found across various hosts and habitats are opportunistic associates. Our results confirm that gill symbiont communities differ among co‐occurring vent invertebrates and indicate that hosts are closely related with their gill symbiont communities. Considering the given resources available at a single site, differentiation of gill symbionts seems to be a useful strategy for obtaining nutrition and energy while avoiding competition among both hosts and gill symbionts.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Intramolecular 1,1‐Oxyamination of Alkenes with Protected Amino Acids to Produce Oxazoloisoindole‐2,5‐diones
Authors: Takahashi Hiroto , Nagashima Yuki , Tanaka Ken 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt has been established that an electron‐deficient bis(ethoxycarbonyl)‐substituted cyclopentadienyl (CpE) rhodium(III) complex catalyzes the oxidative intramolecular 1,1‐oxyamination of alkenes with N‐benzoyl amino acids to produce oxazoloisoindole‐2,5‐diones. Experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies revealed that this oxidative 1,1‐oxyamination proceeds via not the aza‐Wacker reaction but the formation of a rhoda(III)oxazolidine initiated by the carboxylic acid‐directed N−H bond cleavage.