bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable approach to produce 3D‐printed continuous carbon fiber composites: “A comparison of virgin and recycled PETG”
Authors: Bex Guy J. P. , Ingenhut Bastiaan L. J. , ten Cate Tessa , Sezen Meltem , Ozkoc Guralp 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of recycled polymers in 3D printing technologies has recently become a promising research topic because of the global concerns on plastic waste pollution and an increase in awareness of sustainability and circularity. In order to unlock the potentials of 3D printing beyond prototyping purposes, continuous fiber‐embedded fused filament fabrication (FFF) as a process for composite production has gained importance. This study focuses on the potential use of recycled, glycol‐modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPETG) as a matrix material in continuous fiber additive manufacturing of composites. First, the characteristics of rPETG were compared with those of non‐recycled PETG in terms of molecular weight as well as rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties. Then, rPETG and PETG composites containing 25% continuous carbon filament (CCF) fibers (CCFs) were printed using a co‐extrusion‐type FFF printer. Their tensile and flexural properties were characterized. It was found that the tensile properties of rPETG‐based composites were lower than those of PET‐based composites, but their flexural properties were nearly the same. The thermodynamic work of adhesion approach was applied to understand the interfacial interactions between the matrix and CFF. It was found that the thermodynamic adhesion between rPETG/CFF was higher than that of PETG/CFF. Additionally, SEM‐SE images obtained from the fracture surfaces of the samples supported the findings by showing that the adhesion between rPETG and CF was superior to that between PETG and CF. Thus, this study demonstrated that recycled PETG can be used as a possible matrix material for 3D‐printed CCF composites, thus highlighting the ability of recycled plastics to be converted into circular products with high added value.
Immersion and invariance‐based extended state observer design for a class of nonlinear systems
Authors: Hosseini‐Pishrobat Mehran , Keighobadi Jafar , Pirastehzad Armin , Javad Yazdanpanah Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article presents a novel geometric framework for the design of extended state observers (ESOs) using the immersion and invariance (I&I) method. The ESO design problem of a class of uncertain lower‐triangular nonlinear systems is considered for joint state and total disturbance observation. This problem is formulated as designing a dynamical system, as the observer, along with an appropriately defined manifold in the system‐observer extended state‐space. The ESO convergence translates into the attractivity of this manifold; that is, the convergence of the system‐observer trajectories to a small boundary layer around the manifold. The design of both reduced‐order and full‐order ESOs is studied using the I&I formulation. Moreover, an optimization method based on linear matrix inequalities is proposed to establish the convergence of ESOs. It is shown that the I&I‐based method leads to a unifying framework for the design and analysis of ESOs with linear, nonlinear, and time‐varying gains. Detailed simulations are provided to show the efficacy of the proposed ESOs.
Ultrathin Diamond Nanofilms—Development, Challenges, and Applications
Authors: Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Wang Tao , Tang Yongbing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiamond is a highly attractive material for ample applications in material science, engineering, chemistry, and biology because of its favorable properties. The advent of conductive diamond coatings and the steady demand for miniaturization in a plethora of economic and scientific fields resulted in the impetus for interdisciplinary research to develop intricate deposition techniques for thin (≤1000 nm) and ultra‐thin (≤100 nm) diamond films on non‐diamond substrates. By virtue of the lowered thickness, diamond coatings feature high optical transparency in UV–IR range. Combined with their semi‐conductivity and mechanical robustness, they are promising candidates for solar cells, optical devices, transparent electrodes, and photochemical applications. In this review, the difficulty of (ultra‐thin) diamond film development and production, introduction of important stepping stones for thin diamond synthesis, and summarization of the main nucleation procedures for diamond film synthesis are elucidated. Thereafter, applications of thin diamond coatings are highlighted with a focus on applications relying on ultrathin diamond coatings, and the excellent properties of the diamond exploited in said applications are discussed, thus guiding the reader and enabling the reader to quickly get acquainted with the research field of ultrathin diamond coatings.
Development and Characterization of Edible Films from Chachafruto (Erythrina edulis Triana) Starch
Authors: Sandoval Jorge Leonardo Sandoval , Fonseca Pablo Emilio Rodríguez , Arévalo Aníbal Orlando Herrera , Sira Elevina Eduviges Pérez , Ricci Julien , Dufour Dominique 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis research aims to develop biofilms based on starch isolated from chachafruto (Erythrina edulis) grown in Colombia. The physicochemical, functional, and morphometric properties of chachafruto starch are characterized. Edible biofilms are developed using chachafruto starch, glycerol, oil, and Tween 80. The films are characterized in terms of their physical, mechanical, and barrier properties. The data show a high starch yield of 28.59% with high purity (95.92%) and 0.21% phosphorous, and 14.14% amylose content. Chachafruto starch granules have a bimodal distribution of circular and oval shapes; longitudinal sizes varied from 25.86 to 119.82 µm, and transverse sizes ranged from 40.14 to 45.86 µm. The gelatinization pasting temperature (PT), peak viscosity (PV), and final viscosity (cool paste viscosity, CPV) of starch were 74.7°C, 2602, and 3171 cP, respectively. The addition of oil (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) and Tween 80 (0.4%) increase the moisture content of the starch and decrease the water vapor permeability (WVP) of the film. Additionally, the oil significantly reduces the tensile strength and elongation at break but has no effect on the percent elongation. The data show that chachafruto seeds are a potential new and unconventional source of starch that shows feasibility for applications in starch‐based edible films.
Resurgence in the O(4) sigma model
Authors: Abbott Michael C. , Bajnok Zoltán , Balog János , Hegedűs Árpád , Sadeghian Saeedeh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We analyze the free energy of the integrable two dimensional O(4) sigma model in a magnetic field. We use Volin’s method to extract high number (2000) of perturbative coefficients with very high precision. The factorial growth of these coefficients are regulated by switching to the Borel transform, where we perform several asymptotic analysis. High precision data allowed to identify Stokes constants and alien derivatives with exact expressions. These reveal a nice resurgence structure which enables to formulate the first few terms of the ambiguity free trans-series. We check these results against the direct numerical solution of the exact integral equation and find complete agreement.
Dynamic transmission conditions for linear hyperbolic systems on networks
Authors: Kramar Fijavž Marjeta , Mugnolo Delio , Nicaise Serge 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study evolution equations on networks that can be modeled by means of hyperbolic systems. We extend our previous findings in Kramar et al. (Linear hyperbolic systems on networks. arXiv:2003.08281, 2020) by discussing well-posedness under rather general transmission conditions that might be either of stationary or dynamic type—or a combination of both. Our results rely upon semigroup theory and elementary linear algebra. We also discuss qualitative properties of solutions.
On Quiver Grassmannians and Orbit Closures for Gen-Finite Modules
Authors: Pressland Matthew , Sauter Julia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe show that endomorphism rings of cogenerators in the module category of a finite-dimensional algebra A admit a canonical tilting module, whose tilted algebra B is related to A by a recollement. Let M be a gen-finite A-module, meaning there are only finitely many indecomposable modules generated by M. Using the canonical tilts of endomorphism algebras of suitable cogenerators associated to M, and the resulting recollements, we construct desingularisations of the orbit closure and quiver Grassmannians of M, thus generalising all results from previous work of Crawley-Boevey and the second author in 2017. We provide dual versions of the key results, in order to also treat cogen-finite modules.
Obviousness around the clock
Authors: Breitmoser Yves , Schweighofer-Kodritsch Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLi (Am Econ Rev 107(11):3257–3287, 2017) introduces a theoretical notion of obviousness of a dominant strategy, to be used as a refinement in mechanism design. This notion is supported by experimental evidence that bidding is closer to dominance in the dynamic ascending-clock auction than the static second-price auction (private values), noting that dominance is theoretically obvious in the former but not the latter. We replicate his experimental study and add three intermediate auction formats that decompose the designs’ differences to quantify the cumulative effects of (1) simply seeing an ascending-price clock (after bid submission), (2) bidding dynamically on the clock, and (3) getting (theoretically irrelevant) drop-out information about other bidders. The theory predicts dominance to become obvious through (2), dynamic bidding. We find no significant behavioral effect of (2), however, while the feedback effects (1) and (3) are highly significant. We conclude that behavioral differences between second-price and ascending-clock auctions offer rather limited support for the theory of obviousness and that framing has surprisingly large potential in mechanism design.
THEZA: TeraHertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics
Authors: Gurvits Leonid I. , Paragi Zsolt , Casasola Viviana , Conway John , Davelaar Jordy , Falcke Heino , Fender Rob , Frey Sándor , Fromm Christian M. , Miró Cristina García , Garrett Michael A. , Giroletti Marcello , Goddi Ciriaco , Gómez José-Luis , van der Gucht Jeffrey , Guirado José Carlos , Haiman Zoltán , Helmich Frank , Humphreys Elizabeth , Impellizzeri Violette , Kramer Michael , Lindqvist Michael , Linz Hendrik , Liuzzo Elisabetta , Lobanov Andrei P. , Mizuno Yosuke , Rezzolla Luciano , Roelofs Freek , Ros Eduardo , Rygl Kazi L.J. , Savolainen Tuomas , Schuster Karl , Venturi Tiziana , Wiedner Martina C. , Zensus J. Anton 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper for a concept of TeraHertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics (THEZA). It addresses the science case and some implementation issues of a space-borne radio interferometric system for ultra-sharp imaging of celestial radio sources at the level of angular resolution down to (sub-) microarcseconds. THEZA focuses at millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths (frequencies above $\sim $
∼
300 GHz), but allows for science operations at longer wavelengths too. The THEZA concept science rationale is focused on the physics of spacetime in the vicinity of supermassive black holes as the leading science driver. The main aim of the concept is to facilitate a major leap by providing researchers with orders of magnitude improvements in the resolution and dynamic range in direct imaging studies of the most exotic objects in the Universe, black holes. The concept will open up a sizeable range of hitherto unreachable parameters of observational astrophysics. It unifies two major lines of development of space-borne radio astronomy of the past decades: Space VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) and mm- and sub-mm astrophysical studies with “single dish” instruments. It also builds upon the recent success of the Earth-based Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) – the first-ever direct image of a shadow of the super-massive black hole in the centre of the galaxy M87. As an amalgam of these three major areas of modern observational astrophysics, THEZA aims at facilitating a breakthrough in high-resolution high image quality studies in the millimetre and sub-millimetre domain of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The Steiner cycle and path cover problem on interval graphs
Authors: Ćustić Ante , Lendl Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Steiner path problem is a common generalization of the Steiner tree and the Hamiltonian path problem, in which we have to decide if for a given graph there exists a path visiting a fixed set of terminals. In the Steiner cycle problem we look for a cycle visiting all terminals instead of a path. The Steiner path cover problem is an optimization variant of the Steiner path problem generalizing the path cover problem, in which one has to cover all terminals with a minimum number of paths. We study those problems for the special class of interval graphs. We present linear time algorithms for both the Steiner path cover problem and the Steiner cycle problem on interval graphs given as endpoint sorted lists. The main contribution is a lemma showing that backward steps to non-Steiner intervals are never necessary. Furthermore, we show how to integrate this modification to the deferred-query technique of Chang et al. to obtain the linear running times.
On the transcendental undercurrents of phenomenology: the case of the living body
Authors: Heinämaa Sara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractToday the phenomenological concept of the lived body figures centrally in several philosophical and special scientific debates. In these wide and widening fields, the concept is used with multiple different meanings. In order to clarify and delineate the debates, this paper provides an explication of the phenomenological-transcendental methods. It argues that these methods help us remove the most fundamental ambiguities of the concept of embodiment by distinguishing between the main constituents of the lived body and by illuminating their mutual relations.
Palliedaphichnium gondwanicumnew ichnogenus new ichnospecies, a millipede trace fossil from paleosols of the upper Permian Gondwana sequence of India
Authors: Agnihotri Deepa , Genise Jorge F. , Saxena Anju , Srivastava A.K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe new invertebrate trace fossil from paleosols of the Bijori Formation,Palliedaphichnium gondwanicumnew ichnogenus new ichnospecies, which belongs to an upper Permian Gondwana sequence of India, makes a significant contribution to the meager records of invertebrate trace fossils from Permian and Indian paleosols. This trace fossil attributed to Diplopoda and composed of tunnels and chambers filled with pellets is also an important addition to the scarce record of Permian millipedes. The abundance of plant remains in the same paleosol indicates that these millipedes probably fed on leaf litter as other fossil and extant representatives. Chambers and abundant pellets in burrows indicate adverse conditions on the surface, at least seasonally. This finding contributes to the emerging scenario of invertebrate ichnofaunas from paleosols and points to a successive dominance of millipedes during the Paleozoic, crayfishes and earthworms in the Mesozoic, and insects in the Cenozoic.UUID:http://zoobank.org/4378c739-9bd1-4382-b084-e2176045e209
The global magnitude and implications of legal and illegal wildlife trade in China
Authors: Jiao Yunbo , Lee Tien Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChina is one of the largest consumer markets in the international legal and illegal wildlife trade. An increasing demand for wildlife and wildlife products is threatening biodiversity, both within China and in other countries where wildlife destined for the Chinese market is being sourced. We analysed official data on legal imports of CITES-listed species in five vertebrate classes (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds and fish), and on enforcement seizures of illegally traded wildlife, during 1997–2016. This is the first study that collates and analyses publicly available data on China's legal and illegal wildlife trade and considers a broad range of species. Specifically, we estimated the scale and scope of the legal and illegal wildlife trade, quantified the diversity of species involved, and identified the major trading partners, hotspots and routes associated with illegal trade. Our findings show that substantial quantities of wildlife have been extracted globally for the Chinese market: during 1997–2016 over 11.5 million whole-organism equivalents and 5 million kg of derivatives of legally traded wildlife, plus over 130,000 illegally traded animals (alive and dead) and a substantial amount of animal body parts and products, were imported into China. Although measures to reduce demand and alleviate poverty are crucial to curb unsustainable and illegal wildlife trade in the longer term, China's wildlife regulators and enforcers must take urgent measures to disrupt the supply chains from source to market.
The Characteristics of EMIC Waves in the Magnetosphere Based on the Van Allen Probes and Arase Observations
Authors: Jun Chae‐Woo , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Kurita Satoshi , Yue Chao , Bortnik Jacob , Lyons Larry , Nakamura Satoko , Shoji Masafumi , Imajo Shun , Kletzing Craig , Kasahara Yoshiya , Kasaba Yasumasa , Matsuda Shoya , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Kumamoto Atsushi , Matsuoka Ayako , Shinohara Iku 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe performed a comprehensive statistical study of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed by the Van Allen Probes and Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace satellite (ERG/Arase). From 2017 to 2018, we identified and categorized EMIC wave events with respect to wavebands (H+ and He+ EMIC waves) and relative locations from the plasmasphere (inside and outside the plasmasphere). We found that H+ EMIC waves in the morning sector at L > 8 are predominantly observed with a mixture of linear and right‐handed polarity and higher wave normal angles during quiet geomagnetic conditions. Both H+ and He+ EMIC waves observed in the noon sector at L ∼ 4–6 have left‐handed polarity and lower wave normal angles at |MLAT| < 20° during the recovery phase of a storm with moderate solar wind pressure. In the afternoon sector (12–18 MLT), He+ EMIC waves are dominantly observed with strongly enhanced wave power at L ∼ 6–8 during the storm main phase, while in the dusk sector (17–21 MLT) they have lower wave normal angles with linear polarity at L > 8 during geomagnetic quiet conditions. Based on distinct characteristics at different EMIC wave occurrence regions, we suggest that EMIC waves in the magnetosphere can be generated by different free energy sources. Possible sources include the freshly injected particles from the plasma sheet, adiabatic heating by dayside magnetospheric compressions, suprathermal proton heating by magnetosonic waves, and off‐equatorial sources.
Regional Patterns and Physical Controls of Streamflow Generation Across the Conterminous United States
Authors: Wu Shuyue , Zhao Jianshi , Wang Hao , Sivapalan Murugesu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study unveils regional patterns of dominant streamflow generation mechanisms across the conterminous United States and identifies their climatic and physiographic controls. Six signatures describing the characteristics of rainfall‐stormflow responses and the characteristics of base flow response are extracted from continuous rainfall‐streamflow time series for 432 US catchments. These study catchments are classified into eight classes based on similarities of the six signatures, and dominant streamflow generation mechanisms for each class are inferred based on the magnitudes of the six signatures. This catchment classification reveals geographically coherent regional patterns across the conterminous United States. Catchment climatic and physiographic characteristics most relevant to this catchment classification are identified using techniques such as correlation analysis and random forest modeling. The most relevant characteristics are climate aridity, median event rainfall volume, topographic slope, soil permeability, rock type, and vegetation density, which are found to be the main controlling factors governing the dominant streamflow generation mechanisms. The linkages between the inferred dominant streamflow generation mechanisms and specific combinations of the climatic and catchment physiographic characteristics identified above are synthesized in a conceptual diagram, as an extension of the classical Dunne diagram. The new findings, while largely consistent with the results of previous empirical and modeling studies, add rich process detail to the transferable understanding of regional patterns of dominant streamflow generation mechanisms and their climatic and physiographic controls.
Comparison of the major cell populations among osteoarthritis, Kashin–Beck disease and healthy chondrocytes by single-cell RNA-seq analysis
Authors: Wang Xi , Ning Yujie , Zhang Pan , Poulet Blandine , Huang Ruitian , Gong Yi , Hu Minhan , Li Cheng , Zhou Rong , Lammi Mikko J. , Guo Xiong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChondrocytes are the key target cells of the cartilage degeneration that occurs in Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, the heterogeneity of articular cartilage cell types present in KBD and OA patients and healthy controls is still unknown, which has prevented the study of the pathophysiology of the mechanisms underlying the roles of different populations of chondrocytes in the processes leading to KBD and OA. Here, we aimed to identify the transcriptional programmes and all major cell populations in patients with KBD, patients with OA and healthy controls to identify the markers that discriminate among chondrocytes in these three groups. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to identify chondrocyte populations and their gene signatures in KBD, OA and healthy cells to investigate their differences as related to the pathogenetic mechanisms of these two osteochondral diseases. We performed immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assays to validate the markers for chondrocyte population. Ten clusters were labelled by cell type according to the expression of previously described markers, and one novel population was identified according to the expression of a new set of markers. The homeostatic and mitochondrial chondrocyte populations, which were identified by the expression of the unknown markers MT1X and MT2A and MT-ND1 and MT-ATP6, were markedly expanded in KBD. The regulatory chondrocyte population, identified by the expression of CHI3L1, was markedly expanded in OA. Our study allows us to better understand the heterogeneity of chondrocytes in KBD and OA and provides new evidence of differences in the pathogenetic mechanisms between these two diseases.