bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Cannabinoid Content from Different Varieties of Cannabis sativa L. during the Growth Stages in Three Regions
Authors: Abdollahi Mahnaz , Sefidkon Fatemeh , Peirovi Afshin , Calagari Mohsen , Mousavi Amir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) belongs to the Cannabaceae family. It is very rich in chemical constituents, especially the cannabinoids which has not been reported in any other plant, and has broad pharmacological properties. Hemp as a multi‐purpose crop is a good source of fibers, seed, fixed and volatile oil. It is known that the cannabinoid content of hemp is related to genetic factors, as well as plant's growth stages and environmental factors such as latitude, altitude, weather, particularly moisture availability and nutrient supply during the growing season. The present study was designed to produce hemp that contains allowable concentration of THC (<3 %) by comparing different varieties of hemp, different stages of plant growth, and different geographical locations where it was planted. To achieve this, seeds of two native populations from Iran (Fars and Yazd Provinces) and one foreign variety from France (Fedora17, as an industrial hemp cultivar) with its progenies (Fedora17‐2) were cultivated in 3 research fields (Gilan, Golestan and Alborz provinces) in Iran. The following plant materials were extracted with methanol/chloroform and analyzed by HPLC: foliage in the vegetative stage, inflorescent in the flowering stage, inflorescent of seeds in the seeding stage and the mature seed. The THC concentration of Fedora17 (Fed17) in all three geographical locations was found to be under 0.03 % or even non‐detectable. Same result was also observed in its progenies (Fed17‐2), indicating stability of the trait in this cultivar. The THC concentration of the Yazd variety that was planted in Alborz and Gilan regions was less than 0.080 % in all growth stages. The female flowers planted in Golestan, showed a THC concentration of 1.029 % which was more than the allowed THC concentration of <3 %. The THC concentration in all growth stages of all of the different varieties planted varied from 0 to 1.392 %. The above results indicates that the type of cannabinoid produced depends on the difference in genetic prosperities of the different seed types as well as the growth stage in which the plant material was extracted. On the other hand, the climate and the region in which the seeds were planted had little influence on the THC concentration.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis, and in Vitro/in Silico Biological Studies of Novel Piperidine Derivatives Heterocyclic Schiff‐Mannich Base Compounds
Authors: Boy Songül , Aras Abdülmelik , Türkan Fikret , Akyıldırım Onur , Beytur Murat , Sedef Karaman Halide , Manap Sevda , Yüksek Haydar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the present study, 3‐substitued‐4‐(4‐hydroxybenzylidenamino)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ones (S1‐8) were synthesized by treating 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (B) with eight different 3‐substitued‐4‐amino‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐ones (T1‐8) in acetic acid medium, separately. The synthesized Schiff bases (S) were reacted with formaldehyde and secondary amine such as 4‐piperidinecarboxyamide to afford novel heterocyclic bases. 3‐Substitued‐4‐(4‐hydroxybenzylidenamino)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ones (T) were treated with 4‐piperidinecarboxyamide in the presence of formaldehyde to synthesize eight new 1‐(4‐piperidinecarboxyamide‐1‐yl‐methyl)‐3‐substitued‐4‐(4‐hydroxybenzylidenamino)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ones (M1‐8). The structure characterization of compounds was carried out using 1H‐NMR, IR, HR‐MS, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory properties of the newly synthesized compounds were calculated against the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) enzymes. Ki values were calculated in the range of 20.06±3.11–36.86±6.17 μM for GST, 17.87±2.91–30.53±4.25 μM for AChE, 9.08±0.69–20.02±2.88 μM for BChE, respectively, Besides, IC50 values were also calculated. Best binding scores of ‐inhibitors against used enzymes were calculated as −12.095 kcal/mol, −12.775 kcal/mol, and −9.336 kcal/mol, respectively. While 5‐oxo‐triazole piperidine‐4‐carboxamide moieties have a critical role in the inhibition of AChE and GST enzymes, hydroxy benzyl moiety is important for BChE enzyme inhibition.
Clinical effect of delgocitinib 0.5% ointment on atopic dermatitis eczema intensity and skin barrier function
Authors: Abe Masatoshi , Iizuka Hajime , Nemoto‐Hasebe Ikue , Nemoto Osamu , Toyama Hiroyuki , Ohashi‐Doi Katsuyo , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesDelgocitinib is a small‐molecule JAK inhibitor that has recently been approved in Japan as the world's first topical JAK/STAT pathway inhibitor for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). In this study, the effects of delgocitinib 0.5% ointment treatment on skin rash severity and skin‐barrier function were examined.MethodsAdult Japanese patients with mild‐moderate AD (n = 23) were recruited into the trial. Healthy subjects (n = 10) were examined in parallel. The effects of four weeks of treatment with delgocitinib 0.5% ointment on the partial eczema area and severity index (pEASI) score, stratum corneum hydration (SCH), and trans‐epidermal water‐loss (TEWL) were examined. Patient reported effects of the treatment were assessed by a questionnaire.ResultsFour weeks of treatment showed a statistically significant improvement (p < .001) in pEASI score of 61.8%, ±54.0 (mean%, SD) compared to baseline in AD patients. Improvement in SCH at four weeks (37.6AU, ±11.5 (mean, SD), p < .001) was achieved in AD patients compared to baseline (SCH = 24.9AU, ±8.8 (mean, SD)). A trend toward reduction in TEWL over time was seen in the active treatment group (TEWL = 9.1 g/h/m2 at baseline, 7.1 g/h/m2 at two weeks, and 6.9 g/h/m2 at 4 weeks). The pEASI score and SCH and TEWL values improved from two‐to‐four weeks treatment. Patients reported perceived improvements after four weeks of treatment on all parameters associated with skin condition. No safety concerns were identified.ConclusionsTreatment with delgocitinib 0.5% ointment was well tolerated and showed improvements of both eczema and SCH in adult AD patients.
Experimental and simulation studies on the phase behaviour for gas hydrates in a CO2 rich gas dominant multiphase pipeline system
Authors: Sayani Jai Krishna Sahith , Ho Kuah Jian , Lal Bhajan , Pedapati Srinivasa Rao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, an experimental and modelling study is performed to identify the phase behaviour of gas hydrates formation for a high CO2 content natural gas system and multiphase gas dominant system. Further, CSMGem, PVTSim, and Aspen HYSYS software packages are used to verify the prediction capabilities for gas hydrates formation conditions. Initially, thermodynamic equilibrium conditions are obtained using CSMGem, PVTSim, and Aspen HYSYS. Then, these results are validated and compared to the experimental work to verify the accuracy in predicting hydrate formation conditions. An experimental study is performed in the pressure range of 2–7 MPa for a pure system and multiphase system with the gas composition of carbon dioxide (70%) + methane (26%) + ethane (2%) + propane (1%) + butane (1%). The results show that the PVTSim software package shows the best accuracy with 99.9% for the pure system and 99.88% for the multiphase system.
Analysis of potential phenylacetone precursors (ethyl 3‐oxo‐2‐phenylbutyrate, methyl 3‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyrate, and ethyl 3‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyrate) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and their conversion to phenylacetone
Authors: Tsujikawa Kenji , Okada Yuki , Segawa Hiroki , Kuwayama Kenji , Yamamuro Tadashi , Kanamori Tatsuyuki , Iwata Yuko T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMethyl 3‐oxo‐2‐phenylbutyrate (MAPA) is a recently circulating precursor of phenylacetone (P2P), a precursor of amphetamine and methamphetamine. MAPA has a hybrid chemical structure of acetoacetic acid ester and P2P. Acetoacetic acid ester is de‐esterified and decarboxylated to give the ketone by heating under acidic conditions; therefore, MAPA is presumed to be converted to P2P by such treatment. Considering that ethyl 3‐oxo‐2‐phenylbutyrate (EAPA), methyl 3‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyrate (MGPA), and ethyl 3‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyrate (EGPA) have the same chemical features as MAPA, these three compounds are potential P2P precursors. The authors examined the analysis of these compounds by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and their conversion to P2P by heating under acidic and basic conditions. These compounds were remarkably decomposed into P2P during GC‐MS analysis regardless of the injection method and injector temperature. EAPA and EGPA also caused ester exchange to methyl ester by injection of methanol solution. P2P production and transesterification were almost prevented by methoxime derivatization. These compounds were converted to P2P by heating under acidic conditions. The reaction of MGPA and EGPA proceeded quicker than that of EAPA. The important by‐product associated with the reaction was phenylacetylcarbinol (formed from EAPA and MGPA), which will be converted to (pseudo)ephedrine, important methamphetamine impurities. By heating under basic conditions, MGPA and EGPA were converted to P2P but EAPA was mainly converted to phenylacetic acid. In the future, when these compounds are in circulation, our study will be useful for identifying and elucidating the synthetic method of P2P.
C–H Amination Enabled [2+1+1+1] Annulation Reaction in Water: Access to Benzoxazoles
Authors: Chen Fulin , Zhu Chuanle , Yang Zhiyi , Liu Chi , Zeng Hao , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA novel and efficient four‐component reaction in water is reported, enabling the efficient synthesis of benzoxazoles from aldehydes, benzo‐1,2‐quinones, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and water via a C−H amination strategy. Importantly, water is not only employed as the solvent but also used as the oxygen source of the benzoxazole skeletons, while inorganic hydroxylamine hydrochloride serves as the nitrogen source. Preliminary mechanistic studies prove that the aldoxime rather than the quinone oxime is the reaction intermediate.
Prevalence and impact of the use of electronic gadgets on the health of children in secondary schools in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rashid S M Mahbubur , Mawah Jannatul , Banik Ema , Akter Yasmin , Deen Jobaier Ibne , Jahan Amina , Khan Navid Mahmood , Rahman Md. Mofijur , Lipi Nasrin , Akter Farhana , Paul Alak , Mannan Adnan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsUse of technological gadgets has rapidly been increasing among adolescents, which may result in health issues and technology addiction. This study focuses on the prevalence of usage of technological gadgets and health‐related complications among secondary school‐going children of Bangladesh.MethodsA total of 1803 secondary school students from 21 different districts of Bangladesh participated in the study. The children were asked questions relating to their access to electronic gadgets, time spent on outdoor activities, and whether they experienced any health‐complications as an after‐effect of the usage. A binary logistic regression model was adapted considering time spent on gadgets as an independent variable and health problems (physical and mental) as the dependent variable.ResultsAmong all the gadgets, 67.11% of the participants were reported to use mobile phones on a daily basis. Due to the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, 24.48% of respondents used electronic gadgets for attending online classes. The participants were reported to use gadgets significantly more (P < .05) in 2020 as compared to 2019. Children showed less tendency to spend time in outdoor activities. More than 50% of the participants spend time doing outdoor activities for less than 1 hour daily. An association between gadget use and health problems like headache, backache, visual disturbance, and sleeping disturbance has been observed in our study.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that different socio‐demographic factors have influence on the use of gadgets by children, and this use has greatly been affecting both the physical and mental health of the secondary school‐going students of Bangladesh.
Antiepileptic medicines in men and women with stroke in Sweden, a registry‐based study
Authors: Karlsson Lind Linnéa , von Euler Mia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and aimTo describe the utilization of the first antiepileptic drug (AED) in men and women with previous stroke in a nationwide population.MethodsPrescription data, patient's age, and sex were collected from the Swedish Drug Register and cross‐linked to diagnosis data from the National Patient Register and data from Statistics Sweden. Patients with a first dispensation of an AED after stroke between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2014 were included.ResultsA total of 10 958 patients with stroke were initiated on AED treatment (51% women, mean age 75 years). Gabapentin (n = 3073, 28%), pregabalin (n = 2476, 22%), carbamazepine (n = 2330, 21%), levetiracetam (n = 1158, 10%), and valproic acid (n = 833, 7%) were the most dispensed AEDs. After stratification by the presence of a neuropathic pain diagnosis, gabapentin, and pregabalin were the most used AEDs. In contrast, after stratification for epilepsy/convulsions diagnosis, carbamazepine and levetiracetam were the most initiated AEDs.ConclusionThis study suggests that AED is mainly used for neuropathic/poststroke pain and the study shows gabapentin and pregabalin to be the most used AEDs. For epilepsy, carbamazepine and levetiracetam were the most used AEDs in patients with previous stroke.
Psychological autopsy study and risk factors for suicide in Muslim countries
Authors: Arafat S. M. Yasir , Khan Murad M. , Menon Vikas , Ali Syeda Ayat‐e‐Zainab , Rezaeian Mohsen , Shoib Sheikh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuicide and risk factors have been poorly studied in the Muslim‐majority countries that hinder the formulation of prevention strategies and affect suicide prevention eventually.ObjectivesWe aimed at identifying and analyzing the psychological autopsy studies assessing the risk factors for suicide conducted in Muslim‐majority countries.MethodsWe did a search to trace all the available psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries with the search term “psychological autopsy study in Muslim countries.” We also checked the available bibliographies to identify the psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries so that all the possible studies could be included.ResultsOut of the Muslim countries, only eight psychological autopsy studies were identified in five countries (Bangladesh [1], Indonesia [1], Iran [1], Pakistan [2], and Turkey [3]). Six studies adopted a case‐control study design, and all were carried out in urban settings. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among case‐control studies varied from 52.8% in Turkey to 96% in Pakistan. Psychiatric illness, self‐harm, and stressful life events were the commonly replicated risk factors for suicide across studies.ConclusionsPsychological autopsy studies have been conducted only in five Muslim countries revealing that the risk factor for suicide is certainly under‐researched in the incumbent countries. This review identified a similar list of risk factors for suicide, namely, psychiatric disorder, past non‐fatal attempts, and adverse life events compared to the Western countries even though the rate varies.
Electrochemical behavior, biocompatibility and mechanical performance of biodegradable iron withPEIcoating
Authors: Gorejová Radka , Oriňaková Renáta , Macko Ján , Oriňak Andrej , Kupková Miriam , Hrubovčáková Monika , Džupon Miroslav , Sopčák Tibor , Ševc Juraj , Maskaľová Iveta , Džunda Róbert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoating of the biodegradable metals represents an effective way of modification of their properties. Insufficient biological, mechanical, or degradation performance of pure metals may be enhanced when the proper type of organic polymer coating is used. In our previous work, the significant effect of the polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating not only on the rate but also on the type of corrosion was discovered. To bring a comprehensive overview of the Fe‐PEI system performance, iron‐based biodegradable scaffolds with polyethyleneimine coating were studied and their cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility, and mechanical properties were evaluated and discussed in this work. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted for further study of material behavior. Biological analyses (MTS assay, fluorescent imaging, hemocompatibility tests) showed better cell proliferation on the surface of Fe‐PEI samples but not sufficient overall cytocompatibility. Good anti‐platelet adhesion properties but higher hemolysis when compared to the pure iron was also observed for the coated samples. Mechanical properties of the prepared Fe‐PEI material were enhanced after coating. These findings suggest that the Fe‐PEI may be an interesting potential biomaterial after further composition optimization resulting in lower cytotoxicity and better hemocompatibility.
Reconfiguration of subspace partitions
Authors: Akman Fusun , Sissokho Papa A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLet be a fixed prime power and let denote a vector space of dimension over the Galois field with elements. A subspace partition (also called “vector space partition”) of is a collection of subspaces of with the property that every nonzero element of appears in exactly one of these subspaces. Given positive integers such that , we say a subspace partition of has type if it is composed of subspaces of dimension and subspaces of dimension . Let . In this paper, we prove that if divides , then one can (algebraically) construct every possible subspace partition of of type whenever , where and . Our construction allows us to sequentially reconfigure batches of subspaces of dimension into batches of subspaces of dimension . In particular, this accounts for all numerically allowed subspace partition types of under some additional conditions, for example, when .
Small extracellular vesicle‐derived miR‐574‐5p regulates PGE2‐biosynthesis via TLR7/8 in lung cancer
Authors: Donzelli Julia , Proestler Eva , Riedel Anna , Nevermann Sheila , Hertel Brigitte , Guenther Andreas , Gattenlöhner Stefan , Savai Rajkumar , Larsson Karin , Saul Meike J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntercellular communication plays an essential role in lung cancer (LC). One of the major players in cell‐cell‐communication is small extracellular vesicles (sEV). SEV trigger various biological responses by transporting cellular cargo to target cells. One essential sEV component are microRNAs (miRs), whose transport has recently attracted increasing research interest. We report that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a key inflammatory lipid mediator, specifically induces the sorting of miR‐574‐5p in sEV of A549 and 2106T cells. We found that sEV‐derived miR‐574‐5p activates Toll‐like receptors (TLR) 7/8, thereby decreasing PGE2‐levels. In contrast, intracellular miR‐574‐5p induces PGE2‐biosynthesis. Consequently, the combination of intracellular and sEV‐derived miR‐574‐5p controls PGE2‐levels via a feedback loop. This was only observed in adeno‐ but not in squamous cell carcinoma, indicating a cell‐specific response to sEV‐derived miRs, which might be due to unique tetraspanin compositions. Hence, we describe a novel function of miR‐574‐5p unique to adenocarcinoma. Intracellular miR‐574‐5p induces PGE2 and thus the secretion of sEV‐derived miR‐574‐5p, which in turn decreases PGE2‐biosynthesis in recipient cells.
Examining the relationship between farmers' perceived trust and investment preferences
Authors: Ambali Omotuyole Isiaka , Begho Toritseju 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates whether trust influences investment decisions. We analyse the 2015/2016 Nigeria General Household Survey data from 4582 households. We find that trust, risk and time preferences are important determinants of investment choice. A high trust decreases the chance of investing in low risk and low‐profit businesses. That is, more trusting individuals prefer riskier high return investments. In contrast, impatience and risk avoidance increase the chances of investing in low‐risk, low‐return businesses. This paper will be useful in planning an investment instrument that is both suitable for specific individuals and aligns with the expectations of financial institutions and government.
Validation of an innovative analytical method for simultaneous quantification of curcumin and fluconazole using high‐performance liquid chromatography from nanostructured lipid carriers
Authors: Araujo Victor Hugo Sousa , Fernandes Lígia de Souza , dos Reis Leidiana Rocha , Carvalho Gabriela Corrêa , Scarpa Maria Virginia , Chorilli Marlus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVulvovaginal candidiasis is a public health problem with a high incidence among female patients. Currently, there is an increase in the identification of Candida spp. resistant to current therapy, making it necessary to search for new therapeutic alternatives. The synergistic potential of curcumin with fluconazole is described in the literature. However, due to its high lipophilicity, it is necessary to use drug‐delivery systems to adequately explore its potential, among which is the nanostructured lipid carrier. However, to date, there is no validated method of high‐performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of fluconazole and curcumin in the literature. Thus, the present work developed a high‐performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of fluconazole and curcumin co‐encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carrier which was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) – Q2 (R1) and the Food and Drug Administration ‐ Guidance for Bioanalytical Method. The method was applied to determine the encapsulation efficiency and drug‐loading of curcumin and fluconazole in nanostructured lipid carriers. The developed method proved to be selective, precise, accurate, and robust for the simultaneous determination of both drugs, enabling the quantification of encapsulation efficiency and drug‐loading of curcumin and fluconazole in nanostructured lipid carriers.