bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“God is real”: Narratives of religiously motivated desistance*
Authors: DiPietro Stephanie M. , Dickinson Timothy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the role of Islam in shaping processes of criminal desistance among four men, each with extensive histories of crime and violence. The men's life histories are unique, first, in that they came of age in contexts of extreme violence and religious persecution—all men are Muslim and were children during the ethnic cleansing campaigns in Bosnia in the early 1990s—and second, in that they all identify their newfound or newly cemented dedication to Islam as the primary catalyst for their desistance. Thematic analyses rooted in the principles of grounded theory reveal some consistencies with extant research on religiously motivated desistance, including the role of faith as a means for self‐transformation and behavioral guidance. They also shed light on traditionally understudied mechanisms in the faith‐desistance relationship, including the power of religion to reconfigure masculine identities, to reconcile with traumatic pasts, and to cultivate a new moral universe. In examining these men's life histories, we make the case for considering the transformative benefits of Islam in studies of crime and desistance, and for disentangling the role of distinctive faith factors (e.g., faith and religious participation) in processes of change.
Lung adenocarcinoma patients with KEAP1 mutation harboring low immune cell infiltration and low activity of immune environment
Authors: Cheng Wanwan , Xu Bin , Zhang Haitao , Fang Shencun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundKelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1) has been identified as a cancer driver gene in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and increased evidence has given us clues about the association of KEAP1 mutation and immune characteristics. We assessed the association between KEAP1 mutation and tumor microenvironment in LUAD systematically.MethodsWith the data collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we evaluated the association of KEAP1 mutation with tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), including dendritic cell, CD8 T cell, CD4 T cell, neutrophil, B cells, and macrophage. Expression differences of the markers of those immune cells were also measured. We further compared the expression of antigen presentation genes and chemokines and the enrichment score of immune‐related pathways.ResultsKEAP1 mutation had significant association with lower TILs and cytotoxic T lymphocyte. Strikingly, almost all of antigen presentation genes and chemokine showed lower expression in KEAP1‐mutated tumors. Moreover, most of immune‐related pathways were less active in KEAP1‐mutated tumors. As expected, KEAP1‐wild type LUADs favored better overall survival after immunotherapy. Finally, one patient harboring KEAP1 mutation along with a lack of immune cells infiltration in tumor microenvironment failed to respond to checkpoint inhibitor despite high tumor mutational burden (TMB).ConclusionsKEAP1 mutation has a significant effect on the tumor immune milieu of LUAD and may play as a predictive biomarker of immunotherapy for LUAD patients.
Should we inform women about the recognised risks of childbirth?
Authors: Giddings Hugh L. , Wong Jean , Meagher Alan P. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAt present in Australia women are not routinely, systematically informed of the risks of childbirth.AimsIt is hoped this presentation of the perspective of some women who suffer unexpected obstetric complications will encourage change.Materials and MethodsThe experience of women involved in obstetric medicolegal reports prepared by a colorectal surgeon over ten years is analysed.ResultsTwenty women were identified. Sixteen had vaginal deliveries. All 16 suffered third or fourth‐degree tears, six developed rectovaginal fistulae, six required stomas and 11 developed faecal incontinence. Of the four women who delivered by caesarean section, there were two post‐operative caecal perforations, one unrecognised small bowel enterotomy, and one patient developed sepsis due to an infected haematoma. Seventeen of the 20 women were noted to suffer psychological sequalae. None of the women recollected being warned of the complication they suffered, and there was no record of such warnings in their medical records.ConclusionInformed written ‘consent’ for natural vaginal delivery is, understandably, a contentious topic. Although learning from medicolegal cases may go against the grain, as medical professionals it is very difficult to ethically justify the status quo, where women are not routinely simply informed of the risks of childbirth. This is not fair. Even if informing women does not decrease the incidence of complications, the women who subsequently suffer these complications may well handle them much better, recognising they could occur.
Ontologies of climate change
Authors: SCHNEGG MICHAEL 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIn Namibia, both Damara pastoralists (ǂNūkhoen) and scientists agree that it rains less frequently than before. To explain their observations, however, scientists refer to carbon dioxide molecules, while the pastoralists point to social tensions, neoliberalism, and failures of the postcolonial state. To understand this discrepancy, I ask whether what scientists call precipitation and what Damara call ǀnanus are really the same thing. Engaging with phenomenological theories, I propose a worldliness continuum that reveals substantial ontological difference between the two. While precipitation occurs independently of humans, ǀnanus encompasses everything—it is life and death. If the two are different things, it is unsurprising that one needs different explanations for them. Acknowledging this creates space to navigate between the recognition of multiple ontologies and the politicization of carbon dioxide emissions. [climate change, ontology, phenomenology, world, knowledge, environment, drought, Namibia]
The glaucoma intensive treatment study: interim results from an ongoing longitudinal randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bengtsson Boel , Lindén Christina , Heijl Anders , Andersson‐Geimer Sabina , Aspberg Johan , Jóhannesson Gauti 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to determine the perimetric rate of glaucoma progression in the ongoing Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS) after 3 years of follow‐up.DesignThis is a randomized, two‐centre, prospective open‐labelled treatment trial for open‐angle glaucoma (OAG).ParticipantsThe participants of this study were treatment‐naive patients with newly diagnosed OAG, aged 46–78 years, with early to moderate glaucomatous visual field loss scheduled to be followed for 5 years within the study.MethodsPatients were randomized to initial treatment with either topical monotherapy or with an intensive approach using drugs from three different classes, plus 360° laser trabeculoplasty. Changes in treatment were allowed. Standard automated perimetry and tonometry were performed and side‐effects documented. All results are presented using intention‐to‐treat analysis.ResultsA total of 242 patients were randomized. After 3 years of follow‐up, eight patients were lost to follow‐up, six of whom were deceased. The median untreated baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) was 24 mmHg in both arms. The median IOP was almost constant over the 3 years of follow‐up: ≈17 mmHg in the mono‐arm and ≈14 mmHg in the multi‐treatment arm. Treatment was intensified in 42% of the mono‐treated patients and in 7% of the multi‐treated patients. Treatment was reduced in 13% of the multi‐treated patients. The median perimetric rate of progression was −0.5%/year in the mono‐treated group and −0.1%/year in the multi‐treated group (p = 0.03).ConclusionThe rate of disease progression was significantly slower in the multi‐treated patients than in the mono‐treated patients. Further follow‐up will show whether this difference is sustained over time.
Assessment of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GSK3335065, an inhibitor of kynurenine monooxygenase, in a randomised placebo‐controlled first‐in‐human study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Fernando Disala , Dimelow Richard , Gorey Ciara , Zhu Xinyi , Muya Catherine , Parker Connie , Wright Wayne , Soleman Sara , Walsh Sarah , Crause Madelein , Vlasakakis Georgios , Guiney William , Robertson Nicola , Bergeal Marylise , Cui Yi , Krug Alexander W. , Uings Iain 
Published: July 2021

GSK3335065 is an inhibitor of kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) being developed for the treatment of acute pancreatitis. Healthy male volunteers were administered ascending doses of GSK3335065 or matched placebo as a single intravenous bolus injection to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. GSK3335065 displayed an apparent volume of distribution between 20.6 L and 44.6 L, a clearance between 0.462 L/h and 0.805 L/hr and a terminal half‐life between 31.3 and 34.5 hr. In the single subject who received 1.3 mg GSK3335065, changes in tryptophan pathway metabolites were observed consistent with the changes seen in preclinical species suggesting that KMO enzyme activity was partially inhibited. However, a broad complex ventricular tachycardia was observed in this subject, which was judged to be a Serious Adverse Event (SAE) and resulted in early termination of the study. While development of GSK3335065 was subsequently discontinued, significant confounding factors hinder a clear interpretation that the tachycardia was directly related to administration of the compound.
Undetectable minimal residual disease is an independent prognostic factor in splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Lyu Rui , Wang Tingyu , Wang Yi , Xiong Wenjie , Wang Huijun , Yan Yuting , Wang Qi , Liu Wei , An Gang , Huang Wenyang , Sui Weiwei , Xu Yan , Zou Dehui , Wang Jianxiang , Qiu Lugui , Yi Shuhua 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe role of minimal residual disease (MRD) in splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) has not been well studied. We prospectively designed a study to evaluate undetectable MRD (uMRD) by multiparameter flow cytometry as a prognostic factor. Residual disease level of <0·01% was defined as uMRD. A total of 71 newly diagnosed patients with bone marrow involvement were enrolled and all received rituximab‐based therapy. The overall response rate (ORR) was 98·5% (70/71), with a complete remission (CR) rate of 54·9% (39/71). There were a total of 295 MRD detections in bone marrow and 77·4% patients (55/71) had uMRD. The 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) [(74·8 ± 6·5)% vs. (31·4 ± 12·6)%, P < 0·001] and 5‐year overall survival (OS) [(87·2 ± 5·6)% vs. (68·9 ± 13·4)%, P = 0·035] were significantly higher in uMRD patients than in MRD‐positive patients. The 5‐year PFS in partial remission (PR) patients with positive MRD was significantly poorer than that of PR patients with uMRD [(21·1 ± 12·9)% vs. (83·3 ± 8·8)%, P = 0·005]. Multivariate prognostic analysis revealed that uMRD was an independent good prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio 0·162, 95% confidence interval 0·041–0·635; P = 0·009). All these results highlight uMRD as an independent prognostic factor in patients with SMZL, especially for patients who only achieve PR.
Effects of diapause duration on diapause termination and post‐diapause reproduction in Orius sauteri
Authors: Taniai Kiyoko , Kotaki Toyomi , Maeda Taro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo determine the duration of winter conditions necessary to achieve successful termination of diapause in Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), nymphs were subjected to a L12:D12 photoperiod at 18 °C and emerged females were maintained under the same conditions for 15, 30, 45, or 60 days. After the respective period, the females were subjected to a photoperiod of L16:D8 at 25 °C, and four parameters were evaluated: pre‐oviposition period, oviposition period, total number of eggs laid per female, and longevity. In females of all four groups of different rearing durations at 18 °C, oviposition commenced within 2 weeks. There was a strong correlation between the pre‐oviposition period and the duration of rearing at 18 °C, with the pre‐oviposition period of females reared for 60 days being 4.5 ± 0.7 days, which was equivalent to that of non‐diapause females. Although the pre‐oviposition period of females reared for a 30‐day period was approximately 10 days, these females laid the highest total number of eggs among the four treatment groups. Longevity was found to be negatively correlated with the length of rearing duration at 18 °C, whereas neither oviposition period nor total number of eggs per female was significantly correlated with the rearing duration. We subsequently subjected females collected in the field in late October to the same rearing conditions at 18 °C for 30, 45, 60, or 90 days, and accordingly found that the pre‐oviposition period of field‐captured females was longer than that of the laboratory‐bred females. However, the highest total number of eggs laid by field‐captured females was observed in those subjected to a 30‐day rearing period. Based on these observations, we can conclude that a period of 30 days under conditions of 18 °C is sufficient to induce diapause termination without reducing fecundity.
The association between white matter hyperintensities, cognition and regional neural activity in healthy subjects
Authors: Porcu Michele , Cocco Luigi , Cocozza Sirio , Pontillo Giuseppe , Operamolla Annunziata , Defazio Giovanni , Suri Jasjit S. , Brunetti Arturo , Saba Luca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) are common findings that can be found in physiological ageing. Several studies suggest that the disruption of white matter tracts included in WMH could induce abnormal functioning of the respective linked cortical structures, with consequent repercussion on the cerebral functions, included the cognitive sphere. In this cross‐sectional research, we analysed the effects of the total WMH burden (tWMHb) on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) and cognition. Functional and structural MR data, as well as the scores of the trail making test subtests A (TMT‐A) and B (TMT‐B) of 75 healthy patients, were extracted from the public available Leipzig Study for Mind–Body–Emotion Interactions dataset. tWMHb was extracted from structural data. Spearman's correlation analyses were made for investigating correlations between WMHb and the scores of the cognitive tests. The fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF) method was applied for analysing the rs‐fMRI data, adopting a multiple regression model for studying the effects of tWMHb on brain activity. Three different subanalyses were conducted using different statistical methods. We observed statistically significant correlations between WMHb and the scores of the cognitive tests. The fALFF analysis revealed that tWMHb is associated with the reduction of regional neural activity of several brain areas (in particular the prefrontal cortex, precuneus and cerebellar crus I/II). We conclude that our findings clarify better the relationships between WMH and cognitive impairment, evidencing that tWMHb is associated with impairments of the neurocognitive function in healthy subjects by inducing a diffuse reduction of the neural activity.
Improving time for administration of second‐line antiseizure medications for children with generalized convulsive status epilepticus using quality improvement methodology
Authors: Vidaurre Jorge , Albert Dara V. F. , Parker William , Naprawa Jim , Mittlesteadt Jackson , Idris Ali‐Shan , Patel Anup D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveStatus epilepticus is a life‐threatening neurological emergency. However, delay in median time to administration of second‐line antiseizure medication exists. The aim of this quality improvement initiative was to decrease the average delay before fosphenytoin is administered for pediatric patients with generalized convulsive status epilepticus from 30 min (baseline data collected in 2013) to 15 min (50% reduction) by December 2015 and sustain this for 1 year.MethodsOur team conducted an analysis of baseline data for patients with continuous generalized convulsive status epilepticus who received fosphenytoin after receiving first‐line benzodiazepine treatment. Using quality improvement methodology, areas for improvement were identified and specific interventions developed and implemented. A timeline of 15 min to initiate fosphenytoin administration after failure of first‐line treatment was considered reasonable and achievable as a project aim.ResultsA total of 199 patients were included in the dataset for the project. The database included patients aged 1 month and older. Ninety‐eight percent of patients were between 1 month and 19 years of age. The gender distribution was even, with 54% of patients being White or Caucasian, 30% African American or Black, and 16% classified as “other.” From January 2014 through December 2019, the average time before initiating fosphenytoin administration after failure of benzodiazepine therapy, for patients with generalized convulsive status epilepticus, decreased from 30 min (SD = 45.7) to 11.4 min (SD = 8.2, p = .043), thus reducing time to administration by 62%.SignificanceQuality improvement methodology can be successfully applied to decrease administration time between first‐ and second‐line antiseizure medications for status epilepticus.
Macrohomotoma gladiata Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psylloidea): a new pest of Ficus microcarpa L.f. in Tunisia
Authors: Harbi Ahlem , Abbes Khaled , Rapisarda Carmelo , Onillon Jean‐Claude , Chermiti Brahim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper reports for the first time the presence of the Ficus psyllid Macrohomotoma gladiata Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) in Tunisia. It was detected infesting urban Ficus microcarpa L.f. planted along streets in Tunis, in September 2020. Brief notes on diagnostic features of both adult and juvenile instars, geographic distribution and symptoms are presented. The situation concerning this pest in Tunisia is described and possible phytosanitary risks and measures are discussed.
MCGDM with complex Pythagorean fuzzy ‐soft model
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Wasim Faiza , Karaaslan Faruk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this research article, we introduce the fundamental facts of a new multi‐skilled and powerful decision‐making methodology, namely, the complex Pythagorean fuzzy ‐soft TOPSIS (CPFNS‐TOPSIS) method. This newly developed strategy serves as a competent mathematical tool for the rating‐based modelling of two‐dimensional inconsistent parameterized data. The CPFNS‐TOPSIS method enables us to take advantage of both the decision‐making abilities of the TOPSIS method and the very general parametric theory of the complex Pythagorean fuzzy ‐soft (CPFNSS) model. The proposed technique is designed for the identification of an optimum solution which is nearest to the complex Pythagorean fuzzy ‐soft positive ideal solution (CPFNS‐PIS) and farthest from the complex Pythagorean fuzzy N‐soft negative ideal solution (CPFNS‐NIS). We put forward a complex Pythagorean fuzzy ‐soft weighted averaging (CPFNSWA) operator and a normalized Euclidean distance measure for the theoretical background of our strategy. The proposed technique permits the experts to dynamically express their independent assessments regarding the proficiency of the alternatives and the weightage of the decision criteria. We aggregate the evaluated interpretations of the experts in the light of the novel CPFNSWA operator. Further, we utilize a calibrated score matrix for the determination of CPFNS‐PIS and CPFNS‐NIS, and we employ the proposed distance measures to analyse the proximity of the alternatives from the ideal solutions. We hierarchically categorize the feasible set of alternatives in descending order given by their revised closeness index. Moreover, we elaborate the methodology of our CPFNS‐TOPSIS method with the help of an illustrative flow chart. In relation to potential applications, we investigate a case study that concerns the selection of the best earthwork construction equipment required for a newly endorsed heavy construction project. This exercise demonstrates the pertinence and feasibility of our approach. In addition, we conduct a comparative analysis of the proposed strategy with an existing multiple criteria group decision making strategy, namely, the Pythagorean fuzzy TOPSIS (PF‐TOPSIS) method. This speaks for the feasibility and authenticity of the technique developed in this paper. We also present a unified discussion of our comparative study along with an interpretative bar chart which illustrates the remarkable features of the proposed strategy by validating the compatibility and accuracy of quantified similar end‐results. To conclude, we explore the rationality of the developed methodology to justify its superiority over the available approaches.
PRL‐3 promotes a positive feedback loop between STAT1/2‐induced gene expression and glycolysis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Smith Caroline N. , Blackburn Jessica S. 
Published: July 2021

Over 34 000 patients are diagnosed yearly with multiple myeloma (MM), which remains a fatal malignancy. Expression of the phosphatase PRL‐3 is associated with poor prognosis in MM patients, and Vandsemb et al. have demonstrated that PRL‐3 contributes to enhanced MM cell fitness through activation of a glycolysis‐associated feedback loop. PRL‐3 resulted in increased expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and 2 (STAT2) and increased glycolysis. Increased glucose metabolism in turn activated STAT1/2 and interferon 1‐related genes. This discovery advances the MM field by providing a new potential treatment avenue.Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16058
Metabolomic profiling of stool of two‐year old children from the INSIGHT study reveals links between butyrate and child weight outcomes
Authors: Nandy Debmalya , Craig Sarah J. C. , Cai Jingwei , Tian Yuan , Paul Ian M. , Savage Jennifer S. , Marini Michele E. , Hohman Emily E. , Reimherr Matthew L. , Patterson Andrew D. , Makova Kateryna D. , Chiaromonte Francesca 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundMetabolomic analysis is commonly used to understand the biological underpinning of diseases such as obesity. However, our knowledge of gut metabolites related to weight outcomes in young children is currently limited.ObjectivesTo (1) explore the relationships between metabolites and child weight outcomes, (2) determine the potential effect of covariates (e.g., child's diet, maternal health/habits during pregnancy, etc.) in the relationship between metabolites and child weight outcomes, and (3) explore the relationship between selected gut metabolites and gut microbiota abundance.MethodsUsing 1H‐NMR, we quantified 30 metabolites from stool samples of 170 two‐year‐old children. To identify metabolites and covariates associated with children's weight outcomes (BMI [weight/height2], BMI z‐score [BMI adjusted for age and sex], and growth index [weight/height]), we analysed the 1H‐NMR data, along with 20 covariates recorded on children and mothers, using LASSO and best subset selection regression techniques. Previously characterized microbiota community information from the same stool samples was used to determine associations between selected gut metabolites and gut microbiota.ResultsAt age 2 years, stool butyrate concentration had a significant positive association with child BMI (p‐value = 3.58 × 10–4), BMI z‐score (p‐value = 3.47 × 10–4), and growth index (p‐value = 7.73 × 10–4). Covariates such as maternal smoking during pregnancy are important to consider. Butyrate concentration was positively associated with the abundance of the bacterial genus Faecalibacterium (p‐value = 9.61 × 10−3).ConclusionsStool butyrate concentration is positively associated with increased child weight outcomes and should be investigated further as a factor affecting childhood obesity.