bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes with Bidentate Diacetylide Ligands: Structures, Photophysical Properties and Application Studies
Authors: Luo Zaoli , Liu Yungen , Tong Ka‐Chung , Chang Xiao‐Yong , To Wai‐Pong , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA series of platinum(II) complexes supported by terphenyl diacetylide as well as diimine or bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been prepared. The diacetylide ligands adopt a cis coordination mode featuring non‐planar terphenyl moieties as revealed by X‐ray crystallographic analyses. The electrochemical, photophysical and photochemical properties of these platinum(II) complexes have been investigated. These platinum(II) diimine complexes show broad emission with peak maxima from 566 nm to 706 nm, with two of them having emission quantum yields >60% and lifetimes <2 μs in solutions at room temperature, whereas the platinum(II) diacetylide complexes having bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene instead of diimine ligand display photoluminescence with quantum yields of up to 28% in solutions and excited state lifetimes of up to 62 μs at room temperature. Application studies revealed that one of the complexes can catalyze photoinduced aerobic dehydrogenation of alcohols and alkenes, and a relatively non‐toxic water‐soluble Pt(II) complex displays anti‐angiogenic activity.
Targeting of the tumor microenvironment by curcumin
Authors: Fu Xiao , He Yingni , Li Mu , Huang Zezhi , Najafi Masoud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is made up of several cells and molecules that affect the survival of cancer cells. Indeed, certain (immunosuppressive) cells which promote tumors can promote the growth of tumors by stimulating the proliferation of cancer cells and promoting angiogenesis. During tumor growth, antitumoral immunity includes natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells cannot overcome immunosuppressive responses and cancer cell proliferation. In order to achieve the appropriate therapeutic response, we must kill cancer cells and suppress the release of immunosuppressive molecules. The balance between anti‐tumor immunity and immunosuppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), cancer‐associated fibroblasts, tumor‐associated macrophages, and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells plays a key role in the suppression or promotion of cancer cells. Curcumin is a plant‐derived agent that has shown interesting properties for cancer therapy. It has shown that not only directly inhibit the growth of cancer cells, but can also modulate the growth and activity of immunosuppressant and tumor‐promoting cells. In this review, we explain how curcumin modulates interactions within TME in favor of tumor treatment. The potential modulating effects of curcumin on the responses of cancer cells to treatment modalities such as immunotherapy will also be discussed.
How mandatory corporate social responsibility can help governments with development goals
Authors: Sodhi ManMohan S. , Kumar Chitresh , Ganguly Anirban 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany governments seek the private sector to meet their development goals. One possible means to enlist this support is to impose mandatory or “hard” corporate social responsibility (CSR) requirements on large companies. To shed light on how mandatory CSR could be helpful in this regard, we study the case of India, where the government has required large companies to spend a fraction of their income toward development as CSR since 2014. We analyzed the expenses of leading Indian companies and found statistically significant similarities among these companies in their spending pattern across the different categories, which we interpret as isomorphism. By looking for the government's motivation and the companies' motivations—both perceive the priorities in unmet social needs—we present a conceptual model to explain this isomorphism in CSR expenditure across different categories. The model suggests that governments may find mandatory CSR helpful to direct corporations in achieving development goals.
The intercondylar fossa—A narrative review
Authors: Hirtler Lena , Kainberger Franz , Röhrich Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe intercondylar fossa (“intercondylar notch,” IN) is a groove at the distal end of the femur, housing important stabilizing structures: cruciate ligaments and meniscofemoral ligaments. As the risk for injury to these structures correlates with changes to the IN, exact knowledge of its morphology, possible physiological and pathological changes and different approaches for evaluating it are important. The divergent ways of assessing the IN and the corresponding measurement methods have led to various descriptions of its possible shapes. Ridges at the medial and lateral wall are considered clinically important because they can help with orientation during arthroscopy, whereas ridges at the osteochondral border could affect the risk of ligament injury. Changes related to aging and sex differences have been documented, further emphasizing the importance of individual assessment of the knee joint. Overall, it is of the utmost importance to remember the interactions between the osseous housing and the structures within.
Reconstruction of the corticorubral tract in the human brain using diffusion tensor tractography
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Lee Sung Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe corticorubral tract (CRT) facilitates fine motor coordination. However, no diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) study has been conducted although a few studies have reported on the cortical connection of the red nucleus. In this study, we investigated the DTT reconstruction method and DTT characteristics of the CRT in normal subjects. Thirty‐six right‐handed normal subjects were recruited. Diffusion tensor images were scanned using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. For analysis of the CRT, the seed region of interest (ROI) was placed on the red nucleus of the midbrain, and the target ROI was placed on the primary sensorimotor cortex. Values of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and tract volume (TV) of the CRT were obtained for both hemispheres. Among the 72 cerebral hemispheres of the 36 normal subjects, the neural tract between the red nucleus and the primary sensorimotor cortex was reconstructed in 66 hemispheres (92%). The reconstructed CRT, which originated from the primary sensorimotor cortex, descended through the posterior portion of the centrum semiovale, the corona radiata and posterior limb of the internal capsule, and terminated at the red nucleus. Analysis of the FA, MD, and TV values revealed no significant differences between the right and left hemispheres (p > 0.05). We describe the method of DTT reconstruction and the imaging parameters of the CRT in the brain of normal subjects. We believe that the DTT method and associated parameter results for the CRT in normal subjects will be useful in future neuroscience studies.
The nature of peer‐initiated brand communities on social media platforms
Authors: Wong Amy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the recent years, consumers are increasingly engaging in dynamic interactions with their preferred brands through online brand communities. Although Facebook has been commonly used as the social media platform for online brand communities, less is known with respect to the success factors for these brand communities. This study examines the nature of peer‐initiated brand communities by proposing and testing a conceptual framework that encompasses brand community identity, brand community engagement, brand love, and brand loyalty. The study investigates the dimensions of brand community identity and engagement, namely the affective and cognitive dimensions, and the moderating effect of brand community involvement. A total of 205 respondents were recruited via the Facebook social media platform of a peer‐initiated brand community. The results show that brand community identity affects brand community engagement for both affective and cognitive dimensions, with cognitive engagement predicting brand love. The moderating role of brand community involvement and the positive relationship between brand love and loyalty are confirmed. The findings contribute to knowledge and practice by highlighting the factors that can strengthen a brand's social media presence and consumer‐brand relationships.
Single‐Molecule Enzymology for Diagnostics: Profiling Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Clinical Samples
Authors: Gilboa Tal , Ogata Alana F. , Walt David R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnzymes can be used as biomarkers for a variety of diseases. However, profiling enzyme activity in clinical samples is challenging due to the heterogeneity in enzyme activity, and the low abundance of the target enzyme in biofluids. Single‐molecule methods can overcome these challenges by providing information on the distribution of enzyme activities in a sample. Here, we describe the concept of using the single‐molecule enzymology (SME) method to analyze enzymatic activity in clinical samples. We present recent work focused on measuring alkaline phosphatase isotypes in serum samples using SME. Future work will involve improving and simplifying this technology, and applying it to other enzymes for diagnostics.
Pregnancy complicated by central diabetes insipidus and oligohydramnios
Authors: Imaizumi Karin , Yasuda Shun , Toba Naoya , Okazaki Takayuki , Fukuda Toma , Murata Tsuyoshi , Kann Aya , Ishibashi Makiho , Kyozuka Hyo , Ito Fumihiro , Yamaguchi Akiko , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis is the fourth reported case of central diabetes insipidus with oligohydramnios. Central diabetes insipidus does not adversely affect pregnancy; it can present with oligohydramnios, which can be improved by treating central diabetes insipidus.
Diode laser chairside frenectomy in orthodontics: A case series (DIODE LASER FRENECTOMY: CASE SERIES)
Authors: Sobouti Farhad , Dadgar Sepideh , Salehabadi Negareh , Moallem Savasari Aryousha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOffering the whole orthodontic and surgical treatment to the patient as a single package in a one office can save them considerable time and the trouble. Diode laser enables orthodontists to do so while enjoying its benefits over the scalpel.
Charge‐Transfer in Panchromatic Porphyrin‐Tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐Diene‐Donor Conjugates: Switching the Role of Porphyrin in the Charge Separation Process
Authors: Sekaran Bijesh , Dawson Andrew , Jang Youngwoo , MohanSingh Kusum V. , Misra Rajneesh , D'Souza Francis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing a combination of cycloaddition‐retroelectrocyclization reaction, free‐base and zinc porphyrins (H2P and ZnP) are decorated at their β‐pyrrole positions with strong charge transfer complexes, viz., tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐diene (TCBD)‐phenothiazine (3 and 4) or TCBD‐aniline (7 and 8), novel class of push‐pull systems. The physico‐chemical properties of these compounds (MP‐Donor and MP‐TCBD‐Donor) have been investigated using a range of electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, DFT as well as steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopic techniques. Ground‐state charge transfer interactions between the porphyrin and the electron‐withdrawing TCBD directly attached to the porphyrin π‐system extended the absorption features well into the near‐infrared region. To visualize the photo‐events, energy level diagrams with the help of free‐energy calculations have been established. Switching the role of porphyrin from the initial electron acceptor to electron donor was possible to envision. Occurrence of photoinduced charge separation has been established by complementary transient absorption spectral studies followed by global and target data analyses. Better charge stabilization in H2P derived over ZnP derived conjugates, and in phenothiazine derived over aniline derived conjugates has been possible to establish. These findings highlight the importance of the nature of porphyrins and second electron donor in governing the ground and excited state charge transfer events in closely positioned donor‐acceptor conjugates.
Modelling adsorption based on an isoreticular MOF‐series of IFPs—Part II: Dynamic adsorption in fixed beds
Authors: Otter Dirk , Dieler Max , Dänekas Volker , Geitner Christian , Krätz Lorenz , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBased on experimental pure component data for the characterization of the isostructural imidazolate framework Potsdam (IFP) series reported in Part I, a model for the simulation of non‐isothermal dynamic adsorption of CO2/CH4‐mixtures in fixed‐bed columns is presented in this Part II. The robustness of the model is examined and validated, by comparison to experimental breakthrough data at different process conditions, such as varying concentration, temperature, and pressure. Thereby, different predictive methods for the estimation of adsorption equilibria of mixtures are compared (RAST, IAST, ML). The results show that ideal behaviour can be assumed with good accuracy for the system under consideration, except for IFP‐2, which shows significant deviations at increased pressures and temperatures. A detailed kinetic analysis reveals that mass transfer is significantly influenced by micropore diffusion. Thus, only for IFP‐1 the dynamic separation of CO2 and CH4 is equilibrium‐driven, while for the remaining IFPs the kinetic regime dominates the process, which in some cases increases the separation efficiency (IFP‐2 to ‐7) but can also inhibit it (IFP‐8). The determined intracrystalline diffusion coefficients show very good agreement with values for metal organic framework (MOF) compounds of similar structure reported in the literature.
Textile Effluent Treatment Using Natural CoagulantOpuntia strictain Comparison with Alum
Authors: Hussain Ghulam , Haydar Sajjad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNatural plant‐based coagulants have gained popularity as sustainable and cost‐effective alternatives to chemical coagulants. In this study, a novel plant‐based coagulant,Opuntia stricta(O. stricta), is evaluated in comparison to alum for the treatment of textile wastewater. Response surface methodology is employed to optimize the treatment variables pH and coagulant dose. Efficacy of coagulants are compared based on removal of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and color. Coagulants are characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and flocs produced are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alum shows a maximum removal of 87%, 75.9%, and 79.6% for TSS, COD, and color, respectively (optimum pH 9; dose: 103 mg L−1).O. strictagives a maximum removal of 80.2%, 58.4%, and 77.3% for TSS, COD, and color, respectively (optimum pH 10.3; dose: 162.2 mg L−1). The optimum pH ofO. strictaaligns well with actual pH of textile effluent (i.e. 10.6). Among the target pollutants, removal of COD is more dependent on pH as compared to the dose of coagulants. Coagulation agent in cladodes ofO. strictais postulated to be polysaccharides, which acts through adsorption and interparticle bridging mechanism of coagulation.
What We Learned in 25 Years of Interactive Molecular Design Sessions
Authors: Kuhn Bernd , Haap Wolfgang , Obst‐Sander Ulrike , Kramer Christian , Stahl Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe retrace Prof. François Diederich's consultancy work for Roche and its impact over the years he worked with us. François Diederich uniquely shaped our approach to molecular design, and interactions with him and his research group at ETH Zurich have created deep insights into molecular recognition. Herein we share how his style and approach continue to inspire us.
Racial differences in survival and response to therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A secondary analysis of CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance A151931)
Authors: Snyder Rebecca A. , He Jun , Le‐Rademacher Jennifer , Ou Fang‐Shu , Dodge Andrew B. , Zemla Tyler J. , Paskett Electra D. , Chang George J. , Innocenti Federico , Blanke Charles , Lenz Heinz‐Josef , Polite Blasé N. , Venook Alan P. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association between self‐identified race and overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and response to therapy among patients enrolled in the randomized Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB)/SWOG 80405 trial.MethodsPatients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer who were enrolled in the CALGB/SWOG 80405 trial were identified by race. On the basis of covariates (treatment arm, KRAS status, sex, age, and body mass index), each Black patient was exact matched with a White patient. The association between race and OS and PFS was examined using a marginal Cox proportional hazard model for matched pairs. The interaction between KRAS status and race was tested in the model. The association between race and response to therapy and adverse events were examined using a marginal logistic regression model.ResultsIn total, 392 patients were matched and included in the final data set. No difference in OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73‐1.16), PFS (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.78‐1.20), or response to therapy (odds ratio [OR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.65‐1.52) was observed between Black and White patients. Patients with KRAS mutant status (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.67), a performance statusscore of 1 (reference, a performance status of 0; HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.18‐1.88), or ≥3 metastatic sites (reference, 1 metastatic site; HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.22‐2.28) experienced worse OS. Black patients experienced lower rates and risk of grade ≥3 fatigue (6.6% vs 13.3%; OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24‐0.91) but were equally likely to be treated with a dose reduction (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.72‐1.65).ConclusionsNo difference in OS, PFS, or response to therapy was observed between Black patients and White patients in an equal treatment setting of the CALGB/SWOG 80405 randomized controlled trial.Lay Summary

Despite improvements in screening and treatment, studies have demonstrated worse outcomes in Black patients with colorectal cancer.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference in cancer‐specific outcomes among Black and White patients receiving equivalent treatment on the CALGB/SWOG 80405 randomized clinical trial.

In this study, there was no difference in overall survival, progression‐free survival, or response to therapy between Black and White patients treated on a clinical trial.

These findings suggest that access to care and differences in treatment may be responsible for racial disparities in colorectal cancer.
Healthy days at home: A population‐based quality measure for cancer patients at the end of life
Authors: Lam Miranda B. , Riley Kristen E. , Zheng Jie , Orav E. John , Jha Ashish K. , Burke Laura G. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundHealthy Days at Home (HDAH) is a novel population‐based outcome measure. In this study, its use as a potential measure for cancer patients at the end of life (EOL) was explored.MethodsPatient demographics and health care use among Medicare beneficiaries with cancer who died over the years 2014 to 2017 were identified. The HDAH was calculated by subtracting the following components from 180 days: number of days spent in inpatient and outpatient hospital observation, the emergency room, skilled nursing facilities (SNF), inpatient psychiatry, inpatient rehabilitation, long‐term hospitals, and inpatient hospice. How HDAH and its components varied by beneficiary demographics and health care market were evaluated. A patient‐level linear regression model with HDAH as the outcome, hospital referral region (HRR) random effects, and market fixed effects were specified, as well as beneficiary age, sex, and comorbidities as covariates.ResultsThe 294,751 beneficiaries at the EOL showed a mean number of 154.0 HDAH (out of 180 days). Inpatient (10.7 days) and SNF (9.7 days) resulted in the most substantial reductions in HDAH. Males had fewer adjusted HDAH (153.1 vs 155.7, P < .001) than females; Medicaid‐eligible patients had fewer HDAH compared with non‐Medicaid–eligible patients (152.0 vs 154.9; P < .001). Those with hematologic malignancies had the fewest number of HDAH (148.9). Across HRRs, HDAH ranged from 10.8 fewer to 10.9 more days than the national mean. At the HRR‐level, home hospice was associated with greater HDAH, whereas home health was associated with fewer HDAH.ConclusionsHDAH may be a useful measure to understand, quantify, and improve patient‐centered outcomes for cancer patients at EOL.
Effects by educational attainment of a mammography screening patient decision aid for women aged 75 years and older
Authors: Cadet Tamara , Pinheiro Adlin , Karamourtopoulos Maria , Jacobson Alicia R. , Aliberti Gianna M. , Kistler Christine E. , Davis Roger B. , Schonberg Mara A. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundTo help inform screening decisions, a mammography screening decision aid (DA) for women aged 75 years and older was tested in a cluster randomized clinical trial of 546 women. DA use increased women's knowledge of the benefits and harms of mammography and lowered screening rates. In the current study, the objective was to examine whether participants' views of the DA and/or its effects differed by educational attainment.MethodsA secondary analysis was conducted of 283 women who received the DA before a personal care provider (PCP) visit during the trial to examine the acceptability of the DA and its effects on knowledge of the benefits and harms of mammography, screening intentions, and receipt of screening by educational attainment. Adjusted analyses accounted for clustering by PCP.ResultsOf the 283 participants, 43% had a college education or less. Regardless of educational attainment, 87.2% found the DA helpful. Women with lower educational attainment were less likely to understand all of the DA's content (46.3% vs 67.5%; P < .001), had less knowledge of the benefits and harms of mammography (adjusted mean ± standard error knowledge score, 7.1 ± 0.3 vs 8.1 ± 0.3; P < .001), and were less likely to lower screening intentions (adjusted percentage, 11.4% vs 19.4%; P = .01). Receipt of screening did not differ by educational attainment.ConclusionsA mammography DA for women aged 75 years and older was helpful to women regardless of their educational attainment; however, those with a college degree or greater understood the DA and, possibly as a result, lowered their screening intentions. Future studies need to examine how to better support informed decision making around mammography screening in older women with lower educational attainment.Lay Summary

The authors examined data from a previous study to learn the effects of a mammography decision aid (DA) for women aged 75 years and older according to their level of education.

Overall, women found the DA helpful, but women with lower educational attainment found it harder to understand the benefits and harms of mammography screening and were less likely to lower their screening intentions than women with a college degree.

The findings suggest that women aged 75 years and older who have lower educational attainment may need an even lower literacy DA and/or more support from health care professionals.